bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutual Dependence between Membrane Phase Separation and Bacterial Division Protein Dynamics in Synthetic Cell Models
Authors: Kanwa Nishu , Kohyama Shunshi , Fröhlich Leonard , Desai Amogh , Schwille Petra
Published: December 2024

Cell membranes in bacteria are laterally polarized to produce specific environments for membrane proteins, e.g., proteins involved in cell division which accumulate at mid‐cell or the cell poles. An interesting result of such membrane‐lipid interplay is the reorganization of lipid domains together with membrane‐bound proteins at the onset of cell division, suggesting functional significance of membrane compartments in the cell cycle. Here, by adopting the key bacterial division proteins MinC, MinD, MinE, FtsA and FtsZ as an archetypal spatial patterning system, we present a simple vesicle‐based in vitro model to explore the mutual dependence of protein pattern formation and membrane heterogeneity. Like many other peripheral membrane proteins, Min proteins exhibit preferential binding and macro‐scale pattern formation at Ld domains, which leads to altered oscillation mode selection in phase‐separated membrane compartments (GUVs). Moreover, incorporating bacterial division proteins within phase‐separated GUVs leads to blebbing‐like membrane deformations followed by the reorganization of Lo domains aligning at the neck region of the bleb, which agrees well with the domain rearrangement in bacterial membranes immediately preceding the radial constriction process. Overall, the presented in vitro model system showcases a basic framework to better comprehend the cellular division mechanism in consideration of complex cellular lipid environments.
Cu–Zn Catalysts Derived From ZIF‐8 Applied in Ethynylation of Formaldehyde for 1,4‐Butynediol Synthesis: The Positive Effect of Carbon Layers
Authors: Yang Guihua , Chen Jiali , Yang Linxue , Wang Rui
Published: December 2024

Cu‐based catalysts applied in ethynylation reaction of formaldehyde for 1,4‐butynediol synthesis has been widely concerned. The activity and stability of Cu‐based catalyst is still a challenging task in this field. Here, Cu–Zn catalysts derived from ZIF‐8 are prepared by a coprecipitation method and applied in ethynylation reaction of formaldehyde. All catalysts were characterized through thermogravimetric, x‐ray diffraction, N2 physical adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, H2‐temperture‐programmed reduction, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The effect of calcination temperature of ZIF‐8 on the catalyst structures and ethynylation performances are all investigated. The results show that CuO5h‐ZnO400 catalyst has the best catalytic activity, with a formaldehyde conversion of 98% and 1,4‐butynediol selectivity of 100%. It is mainly due to the presence of highly dispersed and small particle CuO. Moreover, CuO3h‐ZnO400 catalyst prepared by optimized conditions can further improve the stability in ethynylation reaction due to more carbon species on the surface of ZnO. The more carbon contents in Cu–Zn catalyst contribute to the ethynylation activity and stability due to the interaction between Cu and C species favoring Cu2C2 formed. In addition, the ethynylation reaction mechanism catalyzed by Cu–Zn catalyst is illustrated carefully. The Cu–Zn catalysts derived from ZIF‐8 can provide some ideas for the application in ethynylation reaction of formaldehyde for 1,4‐butynediol synthesis.
Preparation of Durable Polytetrafluoroethylene Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Hot Embossing Technique
Authors: Zhou Shuangquan , Wang Xiaojie , Fu Kai , Wu Daming , Gao Xiaochun , Gao Xiaolong
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the surface microstructure of screen meshes with different mesh sizes is processed onto the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surface using a micro‐nano thermal imprinting technique. Simultaneously, silica microspheres are coated on the screen mesh. After hot embossing, these microspheres adhere to the PTFE surface, enhancing its superhydrophobicity and addressing issues such as shallow microstructure, poor abrasion resistance, and reduced hydrophobicity over prolonged use. Through several comparative experiments, the optimal processing conditions, including temperature, pressure, heating time, mesh aperture, and material thickness, were determined by measuring the contact angle and observing the microstructure. The experimental results indicate that the maximum hydrophobic angle of the PTFE surface is 154°, and the addition of silica microspheres significantly improves the superhydrophobicity and weatherability of the PTFE.
Nimotuzumab and irinotecan synergistically induce ROS‐mediated apoptosis by endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial‐mediated pathway in cervical cancer
Authors: Teng Fei , Zhao Lujun
Published: December 2024

Irinotecan (CPT‐11), a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat several types of cancer, induces cytotoxic effects on healthy cells. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a crucial role in various forms of cancer. Nimotuzumab (NmAb), a monoclonal antibody that targets the EGFR, is utilized in some countries to treat malignancies that have an overexpression of EGFR. Yet, there is a lack of literature on the potential anticancer properties of the CPT‐11 and NmAb combination on in vitro human cervical cancer cells. This study investigates the apoptosis mode of the CPT‐11 and NmAb combination on cervical HeLa cancer cells. The Annexin V/propidium iodide staining examination demonstrated that the combination of CPT‐11 and NmAb resulted in a decrease in the number of viable cells and more potent induction of cell apoptosis than the effects of CPT‐11 or NmAb alone in HeLa cells. Furthermore, the combined treatment resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ compared to the treatment with CPT‐11 or NmAb alone. Cells that were pretreated with N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, a substance that scavenges ROS, and then treated with CPT‐11, NmAb, or a combination of CPT‐11 and NmAb exhibited higher numbers of viable cells compared to those treated with CPT‐11 or NmAb alone. The combination of CPT‐11 and NmAb resulted in significantly higher caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 activity levels than CPT‐11 or NmAb alone, as measured by flow cytometer assay. The combination of CPT‐11 and NmAb in HeLa cells resulted in elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress‐, mitochondria‐, and caspase‐mediated proteins compared to treatment with CPT‐11 or NmAb alone. According to these observations, NmAb enhances the effectiveness of CPT‐11 in fighting cancer by stimulating cell death in the HeLa cells. Therefore, NmAb has the potential to improve the efficacy of CPT‐11 as a future cervical cancer treatment in humans.
Autophagy and Akt‐Stimulated Cellular Proliferation Synergistically Improve Antibody Production in CHO Cells
Authors: Mao Leran , Sonbati Sarah Michelle , Schneider James W. , Robinson Anne S.
Published: December 2024

Over the past decade, engineered producer cell lines have led 10‐fold increases in antibody yield, based on an improved understanding of the cellular machinery influencing cell health and protein production. With prospects for further production improvements, increased antibody production would enable a significant cost reduction for life‐saving therapies. In this study, we strategized methods to increase cell viability and the resulting cell culture duration to improve production lifetimes. By overexpressing the cell surface adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), the Akt pathway was activated, resulting in improved cellular proliferation. Alternatively, by inducing autophagy through temperature downshift, we were able to significantly enhance cellular‐specific productivity, with up to a three‐fold increase in total antibody production as well as three‐fold higher cell‐specific productivity. Interestingly, the expression levels of the autophagy pathway protein Beclin‐1 appeared to correlate best with the total antibody production, of autophagy‐related proteins examined. Thus, during cell clonal development Beclin‐1 levels may serve as a marker to screen for conditions that optimize antibody titer.
Drivers and Challenges in Achieving Corporate Carbon Neutrality—Qualitative Investigation of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technologies
Authors: Bhatia Meena , Gugnani Ritika , Yaqub Muhammad Zafar , Agarwal Vaishali
Published: December 2024

The importance of attaining carbon neutrality (CN) has progressively increased in addressing climate change, and consequently, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has emerged as a promising tool in this pursuit. Nevertheless, a dearth of scholarly discourse exists about the factors that drive the implementation of CCUS in the context of corporate CN and the challenges that inhibit the adoption of CCUS for CN. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by analyzing open‐ended essays to gain cardinal insights into the experiences and perspectives of companies successfully implementing CCUS for CN. The collected (qualitative) data underwent rigorous analysis to synthesize three distinct dimensions encompassing various aspects of CCUS to achieve CN. The study identifies multiple CCUS components employed to manage carbon emissions effectively. It underscores the five drivers accelerating the adoption of CCUS and classifies them as intrinsic or extrinsic drivers. Various challenges impeding the successful adoption of CCUS have been pinpointed as emanating from financial, human resource, operational, technological, and strategic challenges; technology development and infrastructural challenges, environmental impacts; and social and regulatory challenges. Our research renders valuable theoretical and practical insights based on the prevalent discourse regarding the implementation of CCUS in the field of CN with a comprehensive and inclusive approach.
“The Truth Is, We Must Miss Some”: A Qualitative Study of the Patient Eligibility Screening Process, and Automation Perspectives, for Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: La Rosa A. , Vaterkowski M. , Cuggia M. , Campillo‐Gimenez B. , Tournigand C. , Baujat B. , Daniel C. , Kempf E. , Lamé G.
Published: December 2024

Background

Recruitment of cancer patients into clinical trials (CTs) is a challenge. We aimed to explore how patient eligibility assessment is conducted in practice, what factors support or hinder this process, and to assess the potential usefulness of Clinical Trial Recruitment Support Systems (CTRSS) for patient‐to‐trial matching.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews in France with healthcare professionals involved in cancer CTs and experts on trial recruitment. We focused on the stages in‐between trial feasibility, and patient information and consent. Interviews were recorded, and the transcripts were analyzed thematically. We used the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) 2.0 framework to organize our results.

Results

We interviewed 25 participants. We identified common steps for cancer patient eligibility assessment: prescreening under medical supervision, followed by the validation of patient‐trial matching based on manual chart review. This process built on rich interactions between clinicians, other professionals (clinical research assistants, data scientists, medical coding experts), and patients. Technological factors, mainly related to data infrastructure (both for patient data and trial data), and organizational factors (research culture, incentives, formal and informal research networks) mediated the performance of the recruitment process. Participants had mixed feelings towards CTRSSs; they welcomed automated pre‐screening but insisted on manual verification. Given the necessary collaborative nature of multisite trials, coordinated efforts to support a common data infrastructure could be helpful.

Conclusions

Material, organizational, and human factors affect cancer patient eligibility assessment for CTs. Patient‐to‐trial matching tools bear potential, but good understanding of the ecosystem, including stakeholders' motivations, is a prerequisite.
Novel Meta‐Diamide Derivatives Bearing Triazole: Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity
Authors: Yan Chengyi , Liu Jiyong , Xiang Juncheng , Zhang Lei , Wu Daoxin , Liu Minhua
Published: December 2024

In searching for novel insecticide lead, 20 new meta‐diamide compounds containing triazole were designed and synthesized regarding cyproflanilide as lead compound. All the compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and High‐resolution mass spectra (HR MS). In preliminary bioassay, we found that one of the compounds: N‐(cyclopropylmethyl)‐N‐(5‐((2,6‐dibromo‐4‐(1,2,2,2‐tetrafluoro‐1‐(trifluoromethyl)ethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)‐2‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐6‐(trifluoromethyl) nicotinamide (16a) had high activity against the target organism Plutella xylostella at 1 mg/L and against the target organism Mythimna separata at 2 mg/L. It is obviously superior to the known compounds Ia and Ib, and it is equivalent to cyproflanilide, and the LC50 values of the compound against P. xylostella and M. separata were 0.90 mg/L and 0.64 mg/L, respectively. It is providing important clues for subsequent structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies. From this, we explored the SAR of these compounds. Through comprehensive analysis of their structural characteristics and insecticidal activity data, we found that different halogen substituents on benzene ring and different aromatic substituents on amino group in the compound had significant effects on insecticidal activity. This has certain guiding significance for further structural optimization and activity enhancement.
The Effects of a Happiness Strengths Intervention on Career Decision‐Making Self‐Efficacy among Career Starters
Authors: Atanasova Nadica , van Woerkom Marianne , Spanouli Andromachi , Botke Jolanda , van Roekel Eeske
Published: December 2024

Career decision‐making self‐efficacy (CDMSE) is an important resource that can reduce the uncertainty that career starters face when transitioning from education to work. However, scant knowledge is available on how CDMSE can be enhanced through character strengths interventions. In this project, an online strengths intervention was developed to help career starters increase their CDMSE by identifying, exploring, appreciating, and using their happiness strengths (curiosity, gratitude, hope, love, and zest). A field experiment was conducted with 55 career starters in the Netherlands who were randomly assigned to an online three‐week intervention (N = 23) or a wait‐list control group (N = 32). Using a pretest‐posttest design, it was found that the intervention positively influenced participants’ CDMSE, particularly their self‐appraisal and problem‐solving levels. Therefore, activating happiness strengths in an online strengths intervention might be used as a brief and effective tool to improve CDMSE (self‐appraisal and problem‐solving) among career starters.
Task‐Specific Design of a Porous Aromatic Framework as an Ultrastable Platform for Enantioselective Organocatalysis
Authors: Liu Kun , Chen Peng , Chen Fan , Sun Fuxing , Lv Pei , Shi Jianghuan , Jiang Yi‐Jun
Published: December 2024

A hydroxyl‐tagged porous aromatic framework PAF‐NBU2‐OH was task‐specifically designed and successfully synthesized targeted toward immobilizing chiral catalysts. Using proline‐type compound as model chiral organocatalyst, PAF‐NBU2‐OH was used as a platform to covalently link proline‐type group. The obtained PAF‐immobilized organocatalyst PAF‐NBU2‐OPro featured high chemical stability in different solvents even under very harsh conditions. PAF‐NBU2‐OPro showed excellent catalytic activity, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity with complete and easy recyclability when catalyzing the aldol reaction between p‐nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone, which could undergo at least 30 cycles without any activity, diastereoselectivity or enantioselectivity loss for catalyzing the current reaction.
Improved Piezocatalytic Performance of Cs/KNN Decorated with CuS Nanoparticles for Dye Degradation
Authors: Fan YuLong , Chen YingJie , Zhang Ruihang , Ren JianMei , Wang Guan
Published: December 2024

Niobate materials have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their potential applications across various fields. As a special property, piezoelectric catalysts based on niobate remain underexplored, primarily due to their chemical inertness and low piezoelectric activity. In this study, a novel 30 %CuS/0.01 %Cs/KNN composite has been successfully synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method by depositing CuS nanoparticles on the external surface of 0.01 %Cs/KNN cube. By controlling the loading amount of CuS, the catalytic degradation activity of title composite for methyl green MG reached the highest point of 99.5 % under low‐power ultrasound (50 W), which is much higher than that of 0.01 %Cs/KNN (7.5 times) and CuS (5.5 times). In addition, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and electrochemical tests demonstrated that the composites have good piezocatalytic properties. This work provides a meaningful strategy for promoting piezoelectric catalytic degradation using material compounding.
Multistep Removal System of Gaseous Toluene: Adsorption, Electrochemical, and Photolytic Treatments
Authors: Bolaños‐Romero Karla Verónica , López‐Carbajal Rosa Luz , Sandoval‐González Antonia , Oza Goldie , Manríquez Rocha Juan , Gaucin‐Gutiérrez Susana Citlaly , Romero‐Ibarra Issis Claudette , Frausto‐Castillo Roberto Fernando , Rodríguez‐López Joaquín , Bustos Bustos Erika
Published: December 2024

A large amount of atmospheric emissions result from various anthropogenic activities worldwide. Given the complexity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their different adsorption capacities, redox potentials, and photolytic properties, an air purification system for the removal of VOCs that combines multiple physical processes was proposed in this study using toluene as an example. These processes include, in the first step, an adsorption treatment (AT) with activated carbon (AC), where toluene adsorption results from the insertion of aromatic rings (nonpolar groups) between the graphitic carbon planes, as demonstrated by the Raman spectroscopy; in the second step, electrochemical treatment (ECT) using TiO2,nt|Ti||SS‐304 electrodes applying an electric field to accelerate the oxidation of toluene through the production of free radicals (⋅OH), hydroperoxyl radicals and benzyl groups, followed by the rupture of aromatic rings to generate aliphatic compounds and the consequent mineralization to CO, CO2, and H2O; in the third step, photolytic treatment (PT) with a 254‐nm UV lamp for toluene degradation is used, which is influenced by the addition of radicals, such as ⋅OH or ⋅O−2ad, to transform toluene into either benzene or phenol. The multistep system integrating AT, ECT and PT was more efficient overall (99.58 %) than the individual treatments (AT=50.29 %, ECT=44.38 %, and PT=52.71 %) as evaluated by gas chromatography with a BID detector; it showed enhanced efficiency enabled by the synergistic effects of combining multiple technologies to enhance the overall toluene degradation efficiency and flexibility. The multistage systems can be adapted to specific contamination conditions and process requirements with the generation of residual toluene, phenol, and aliphatic compounds and possible mineralization to molecules such as CO2, CO, and H2O. This small and portable multistep system provides a novel approach for treating outdoor and/or indoor air contaminated with toluene.
Upcycling Textile Waste into Anionic and Cationic Cellulose Nanofibrils and Their Assembly into 2D and 3D Materials
Authors: Ruiz‐Caldas Maria‐Ximena , Apostolopoulou‐Kalkavoura Varvara , Pacoste Laura , Jaworski Aleksander , Mathew Aji P.
Published: December 2024

Extracting high‐performance nanomaterials from waste presents a promising avenue for valorization. This study presents two methods for extracting cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from discarded textiles. Post‐consumer cotton fabrics are chemically treated through either cationization with (2,3‐epoxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride or TEMPO/NaBr‐catalyzed oxidation, followed by fibrillation to produce Cat‐CNFs and TO‐CNFs, respectively. Molecular models indicate variations in the effective volume of each grafted group, influencing the true densities of the functionalized fibers. Significant differences in the morphology of the CNFs arise from each functionalization route. Both CNF types exhibit high surface charge (>0.9 mmol g−1), small cross‐sections (<10 nm), and high aspect ratios (>35). TO‐CNFs have a higher surface charge, whereas Cat‐CNFs exhibit a higher aspect ratio and greater colloidal stability across a broader pH range. Cat‐CNFs exhibit cross‐sections at the elementary fibril level, highlighting the steric impact of the grafted surface groups on fibrillation efficiency. Nanopapers from these CNFs demonstrate high optical transmittance and haze, whereas anisotropic foams show mechanical properties comparable to foams made from wood‐based CNFs. This work highlights the potential of post‐consumer cotton textiles as a CNF source and the impact of chemical treatment on the properties of the fibers, CNFs, and resulting lightweight materials.
Glucose‐induced LINC01419 reprograms the glycolytic pathway by recruiting YBX1 to enhance PDK1 mRNA stability in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Song Junjiao , Shi Qili , Chen Bing , Qiu Wenying , Liu Yizhe , Huang Shenglin , He Xianghuo
Published: December 2024

Metabolic reprogramming provides the necessary energy for the development of malignant tumours and is emerging as a novel tumour treatment strategy. However, the widespread expression of metabolic enzymes in diverse cell types makes the development of specific drugs that target cancer cells without affecting normal cellular functions challenging. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the essential roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulatory network associated with glucose metabolism in tumour cells. The mechanism and therapeutic potential of cancer‐specific lncRNAs in modulating tumour glucose metabolism warrant in‐depth exploration. Here we revealed that glucose‐induced LINC01419 promoted the growth and metastasis of HCC cells by driving metabolic reprogramming. Mechanistically, LINC01419 directly interacted with Y‐box binding protein 1 (YBX1) in the cytoplasm and facilitated its binding to PDK1 mRNA, thus enhancing PDK1 mRNA stability and increasing lactate production. Furthermore, YY1 contributed to the transcriptional activation of LINC01419 in HCC under high‐glucose conditions. Notably, administration of an N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)‐conjugated siRNA specifically targeting LINC01419 markedly retarded the growth of orthotopic xenograft tumours. These findings provide evidence for an unprecedented regulatory mechanism of LINC01419 involving metabolic reprogramming in human cancer. The newly identified LINC01419/YBX1‐PDK1 axis may represent a promising therapeutic target for HCC. Moreover, GalNAc‐siLINC01419 holds significant potential for clinical application.

Key points

This study highlights the considerable regulatory role of LINC01419 in the metabolism of HCC.

The newly identified LINC01419/YBX1‐PDK1 axis constitutes a valuable target.

Hepatic‐specific delivery of GalNAc‐siLINC01419 presents a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Genomic Signatures of Domestication in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) Reveal a Potential Role for Epigenetic Regulation in Adaptation to Captivity
Authors: Moulistanos Aristotelis , Papasakellariou Konstantinos , Kavakiotis Ioannis , Gkagkavouzis Konstantinos , Karaiskou Nikoleta , Antonopoulou Efthimia , Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Papakostas Spiros
Published: December 2024

Genome scans provide a comprehensive method to explore genome‐wide variation associated with traits under study. However, linking individual genes to broader functional groupings and pathways is often challenging, yet crucial for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms underlying these traits. This task is particularly relevant for multi‐trait processes such as domestication, which are influenced by complex interactions between numerous genetic and non‐genetic factors, including epigenetic regulation. As various traits within the broader spectrum of domestication are selected in concert over time, this process offers an opportunity to identify broader functional overlaps and understand the integrated genetic architecture underlying these traits. In this study, we analyzed approximately 600,000 SNPs from a Pool‐Seq experiment comparing eight natural‐origin and 12 farmed populations of European seabass in the Mediterranean Sea region. We implemented two genome scan approaches and focused on genomic regions supported by both methods, resulting in the identification of 96 candidate genes, including nine CpG islands, which highligt potential epigenetic influences. Many of these genes and CpG islands are in linkage groups previously associated with domestication‐related traits. The most significantly overrepresented molecular function was “oxidoreductase activity”. Furthermore, a dense network of interactions was identified, connecting 22 of the candidate genes. Within this network, the most significantly enriched pathways and central genes were involved in “chromatin organization”, highlighting another potential epigenetic mechanism. Altogether, our findings underscore the utility of interactome‐assisted pathway analysis in elucidating the genomic architecture of polygenic traits and suggest that epigenetic regulation may play a crucial role in the domestication of European seabass.
Phylogeography of Cold Water Soft Coral Alcyonium spp. (Anthozoa, Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) Between South America and the West Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Bruning Paulina , Archaumbault Phillippe , Garrido Ignacio , de Lecea Ander M. , Morley Simon A. , Brante Antonio , Ortiz Paula , Cárdenas Leyla
Published: December 2024

The Antarctic marine environment has a unique geologic and climatic history that has contributed to the evolution of high species diversity. Given the current trend of environmental warming, understanding the history of Antarctic species is crucial for predicting the impact of climate change on ecosystem function. Soft corals are a group of striking presence in the benthic marine assemblages in the Southern Ocean, which is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot. DNA sequences (Cox1, mtMutS, and 28S rDNA) were utilized for molecular phylogenetic reconstructions, species delimitations, and divergence estimations to investigate the spatial patterns of genetic diversity in Alcyonium species in the southern South American‐Antarctic region. Significant genetic divergence was observed between regions, with a clear genetic break between South America and the West Antarctic Peninsula and the identification of four putative species. Divergence time estimates indicated that Alcyonium's diversification began about 41.1 million years ago (Ma), coinciding with the opening of the Drake Passage and the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC, ~42 Ma). This indicates that Alcyonium has persisted in situ for an extensive period, enduring a wide range of environmental conditions.
Do It Well or Not at All: Alternative Flight Solutions for Alpine Insects
Authors: McCulloch Graham A. , Foster Brodie J. , Ingram Travis , Waters Jonathan M.
Published: December 2024

Exposed and isolated alpine ecosystems present evolutionary challenges for flying species worldwide. Many insects have undergone dramatic wing reduction in response to these harsh conditions, losing the ability to fly. By contrast, some taxa have countered alpine conditions by evolving larger wings to improve flight ability. In this study, we investigated how two independent clades of Zelandoperla fenestrata stoneflies respond to upland environments. Our results revealed strikingly different adaptations to elevation across the two closely related clades. In Clade 1 (southern South Island), wing length decreases sharply with increasing elevation. In contrast, wing length in the geographically adjacent Clade 2 (northern South Island, and North Island) increases with elevation. These contrasting strategies highlight the diverse adaptive pathways that may exist even for closely related lineages encountering similar environmental challenges.
Fish and invertebrate communities show greater day–night partitioning on tropical than temperate reefs
Authors: Jones Tyson R. , Edgar Graham J. , Trebilco Rowan , Mellin Camille , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Denis‐Roy Lara , Johnson Olivia J. , Rose Matthew , Ling Scott D.
Published: December 2024

Diel partitioning of animals within ecological communities is widely acknowledged, yet rarely quantified. Investigation of most ecological patterns and processes involves convenient daylight sampling, with little consideration of the contributions of nocturnal taxa, particularly in marine environments. Here we assess diel partitioning of reef faunal assemblages at a continental scale utilizing paired day and night visual census across 54 shallow tropical and temperate reefs around Australia. Day–night differences were most pronounced in the tropics, with fishes and invertebrates displaying distinct and opposing diel occupancy on coral reefs. Tropical reefs in daytime were occupied primarily by fishes not observed at night (64% of all species sighted across day and night, and 71% of all individuals). By night, substantial emergence of invertebrates not otherwise detected during sunlit hours occurred (56% of all species, and 45% of individuals). Nocturnal emergence of tropical invertebrates corresponded with significant declines in the richness and biomass of predatory and herbivorous diurnal fishes. In contrast, relatively small diel changes in fishes active on temperate reefs corresponded to limited nocturnal emergence of temperate invertebrates. This reduced partitioning may, at least in part, be a result of strong top‐down pressures from fishes on invertebrate communities, either by predation or competitive interference. For shallow reefs, the diel cycle triggers distinct emergence and retreat of faunal assemblages and associated trophic patterns and processes, which otherwise go unnoticed during hours of regular scientific monitoring. Improved understanding of reef ecology, and management of reef ecosystems, requires greater consideration of nocturnal interactions. Without explicit sampling of nocturnal patterns and processes, we may be missing up to half of the story when assessing ecological interactions.
A comparison of role‐related physical fitness between British Army trainees and trained soldiers
Authors: Rue Carla , Needham‐Beck Sarah , Maroni Tessa , Siddall Andrew , Ashdown Kimberly , Lee Ben , Walker Faye , Osofa Joshua , Doherty Julianne , Vine Christopher , Wardle Sophie , Greeves Julie , Saunders Paul , Fieldhouse Anne , Blacker Sam , Myers Stephen
Published: December 2024

British Army basic training (BT) and initial trade training (ITT) enable personnel to develop role‐related physical capability to perform in‐service job‐roles. The study aimed to compare physical performance of trainees (completing ITT) and trained soldiers, on a series of gym‐based fitness tests and representative military tasks. A total of 316 British Army personnel [68 trainees (63 men: 22 ± 3 years, 71.6 ± 8.4 kg and 1.74 ± 0.07 m) and 248 trained soldiers (225 men: 27 ± 6 years, 78.7 ± 12.7 kg and 1.76 ± 0.08 m)] completed two sessions. Session 1; body mass, stature, age and gym‐based tests (2 km run, broad jump, seated medicine ball throw, hex bar deadlift, 100 m shuttle sprints, pull‐ups and mid‐thigh pull). Session 2; representative military tasks (loaded carriage [stage 1, 4 km, 35–40 kg and 4.8 km h−1 fixed pace and stage 2, 2 km, 20–25 kg and individual best‐effort speed], tactical movement, casualty drag, stretcher carry, vertical lift, repeated carry and incremental lift). Independent sample t‐tests were employed to examine group differences. Compared to trainees, trained soldiers were older (p < 0.001), heavier (p < 0.001) and scored higher on broad jump (p = 0.024), medicine ball throw (p = 0.007) and mid‐thigh pull (p = 0.048), but were slower on 2 km run (p = 0.047), loaded carriage (p < 0.019), tactical movement (p < 0.001) and casualty drag (p < 0.001). Overall, trainees achieve higher scores on aerobic/anaerobic tests, whereas trained soldiers outperform trainees in strength/power‐based tests. Although a cross‐sectional comparison does not provide strong evidence, the results may indicate that cardiovascular fitness is developed during BT, whereas muscle strength/power develops post BT/ITT. These findings would need confirming by a longitudinal study and could inform the development/management of role‐related fitness during BT, ITT and through career.
Ankle proprioception and functional performance in patients with Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Zhang Tongzhou , Zhao Yilin , Wang Shuhui , Luan Lijiang , Adams Roger , Ganderton Charlotte , Malliaras Peter , Han Jia
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in ankle plantar flexion proprioception and lower extremity function between Achilles tendinopathy (AT) patients and healthy controls. 17 patients with midportion AT (age 22.0 ± 3.0, 7 females, and 10 males) and 17 healthy controls (age 21.5 ± 2.1, 7 females, and 10 males) were recruited. The following tests were performed randomly: the ankle plantar flexion active movement extent discrimination assessment (AMEDA), weight‐bearing lunge test (WBLT), single leg hop test, figure‐of‐eight hop test, Y Balance Test (YBT), and lower extremity functional test (LEFT). Group comparisons were made between the AT and healthy groups, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the ability of tests to differentiate between participants with and without AT. Results showed that the AT group performed significantly worse in the ankle proprioception test (p = 0.016), single leg hop test (p = 0.001), figure‐of‐eight hop test (p < 0.001), unilateral LEFT (p = 0.001), and LEFT injury risk score (p = 0.001) than healthy controls. No significant between group difference was found in WBLT and YBT. Diagnostic analysis showed that the AMEDA (p = 0.018), single leg hop test (p = 0.003), figure‐of‐eight hop test (p = 0.002), and LEFT (p = 0.001) could differentiate between patients with AT and the healthy individuals. The current study demonstrated that ankle proprioception and functional performance involving explosive jump are impaired in patients with AT, suggesting poorer dynamic neuromuscular function and a higher risk of lower limb injury in this population, and furthermore, these tests should be considered in the assessment for AT.
Influence of Silane‐Treated Jute/Kenaf Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications: Optimization Using RSM and ANN Approaches
Authors: Saravanan R. , Arunachalam S. Jothi , Sathish T. , Giri Jayant , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effect of silane‐treated jute/kenaf fibers on the flexural and hardness properties of polymer composites for potential biomedical applications, such as prosthetics and bio‐implants. Using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), the optimal combination of nanoparticle percentage, silane concentration, and silane dipping duration was identified to enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. RSM, coupled with analysis of variance (ANOVA), evaluated the influence of these variables on composite performance, revealing that silane treatment significantly improved flexural strength, while all fiber‐related variables impacted both flexural strength and hardness. The silane dipping duration emerged as the most influential factor, with nanoparticle addition enhancing fiber–matrix interactions and promoting better agglomeration. The ANN model accurately predicted the composite's properties, with results strongly correlating to experimental data. The optimized formulation, consisting of 5% nanoparticle content, 10% silane treatment, and a 20‐min silane dipping duration, demonstrated a 26.22% increase in flexural strength and a 33.15% improvement in hardness. This optimized composite formulation holds promise for use in biomedical applications requiring high mechanical strength and durability, such as in prosthetic materials and orthopedic implants, where enhanced flexural strength and hardness are critical for longevity and performance.
Forecasting carbon emissions peak in Chinese household consumption and selecting low‐carbon development strategies: A study based on the extended SPIRPAT model
Authors: Li Chuang , Wang Xiaoman , Wang Liping
Published: December 2024

Residential carbon emissions have emerged as a primary driver of future carbon emissions in China. Investigating the influential factors affecting demand‐side carbon emissions and elucidating future pathways for regional carbon reduction in consumption can provide a scientific basis for regional carbon peak and carbon‐neutral action plans. This study incorporated the development of digital technology into the STIRPAT model. The technical components of the STIRPAT model were expanded upon to better understand the factors influencing the household consumption sector and the carbon emission reduction effects of these various factors. The results indicated that: (i) per capita residential carbon emissions in China exhibit a slow fluctuating rise followed by accelerated growth, with the sequence of emissions being highest in the eastern region, followed by the northeastern region, western region, and finally the central region; (ii) population size, shared prosperity, urbanization development, and digitalization collectively influence residential carbon emissions in different regions, with population size and consumption structure playing the most significant promoting and inhibiting roles, respectively; (iii) societal development scenarios and low‐carbon development scenarios demonstrate a significant advantage in achieving the timely realization of China's overall residential carbon reduction plan. In most provinces, peak emissions are projected to occur around 2035 under various scenarios, necessitating substantial efforts for provinces to meet the 2030 carbon peak target.
Constructing the “moralization shock”: The role of contingency in the translation of anticorruption policy in France
Authors: Wickberg Sofia
Published: December 2024

This article applies the concept of transaction to the process of policy transfer, through the case of conflict of interest regulation in France, using archives, documentary sources, and interviews with stakeholders. It contributes to the literature on policy translation by clarifying the role of contingency, which remains underspecified. It shows that timing matters in two ways: it affects actors' ability to open a policy window, and it ultimately affects problem definition and future implementation instruments and practices. It explores the construction of the situation as a scandal, making it necessary to adapt transferred ideas to the political context, where a “shock of moralization” was seen as necessary. It also offers an opportunity to enrich the scholarship on policy transaction with an application to transnational policymaking, where problem definitions and policy solutions are imported from elsewhere and where foreign or transnational actors contribute to the co‐construction of actors and issues.
Impacts of Transition Piece Designs on the Resilience of Large Offshore Wind Turbines Subject to Combined Earthquake, Wind and Wave Loads and Soil‐Structure Interaction
Authors: Fairley Nadeem , Fatahi Behzad , Hokmabadi Aslan S.
Published: December 2024

The urgent global drive to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has significantly boosted renewable energy production, notably expanding offshore wind energy across the globe. With the technological evolution enabling higher‐capacity turbines on larger foundations, these installations are increasingly situated in earthquake‐prone areas, underscoring the critical need to ensure their seismic resilience as they become a pivotal component of the global energy infrastructure. This study scrutinises the dynamic behaviour of a 15 MW offshore wind turbine (OWT) under concurrent earthquake, wind and wave loads, focusing on the performance of the ultra‐high‐strength cementitious grout that bonds the monopile to the transition piece. Employing LS DYNA for numerical simulations, we explored the seismic responses of four OWT designs with diverse transition piece cone angles, incorporating nonlinear soil springs to model soil‐structure interactions (SSIs) and conducting a site response analysis (SRA) to account for local site effects on ground motion amplification. Our findings reveal that transition pieces with larger cone angles exhibit substantially enhanced stress distribution and resistance to grout damage, evidenced by decreased ovalisation in the coned sections of the transition piece and monopile, and improved bending flexibility. The observed disparities in damage across different cone angles highlight shortcomings in current design guidelines pertaining to the prediction of grout stresses in conical transition piece designs, with the current code‐specified calculations predicting higher stresses for transition piece designs with larger cone angles. This study also highlights the code's limitations when accounting for grout damage induced by stress concentrations in the grouted connections under seismic dynamic loading conditions. The results of the study demonstrate the need for refinement of these guidelines to improve the seismic robustness of OWTs, thereby contributing to the resilience of renewable energy infrastructure against earthquake‐induced disruptions.
Looking for improved strains of Azotobacter vineladii and favorable culture conditions yielding high‐molecular‐weight poly(3‐hydoxybutyrate)
Authors: Quiroz‐Cardoso R , Castillo T , Galindo E , Ruíz Escobedo J , Segura D , Peña C
Published: December 2024

Background

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) is a polymer that presents properties similar to those of conventional plastics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of oxygen transfer rate (OTR) on the production and molecular weight of P3HB synthesized by the OP‐PhbP2− and OP‐PhbP3+ mutant strains of Azotobacter vinelandii, which have inactivated the gene that expresses the PhbP2 phasin and overexpresses the PhbP3 phasin genes, respectively.

Results

Under high OTRmax (6.0 ± 0.04 mmol O2 L−1 h−1) mutant OP‐PhbP3+ exhibited a higher growth rate (0.12 ± 0.01 h−1) and P3HB production (6.77 ± 0.19 g L−1) than that achieved in the cultures using the OP‐PhbP2− mutant and OP wild‐type strains (5.0 ± 0.1 g L−1 for both strains). Under that condition, the OP‐PhbP3+ strain also exhibited a lower specific oxygen consumption rate. In contrast, under a low OTRmax (2.8 ± 0.06 mmol O2 L−1 h−1), the OP‐PhbP2− strain had a better performance, reaching 4.5 ± 0.35 g L−1 of P3HB, during the stationary phase (36–72 h). Both mutant strains produced a polymer with a high molecular weight (close to 8000 kDa), regardless of the OTR of the cultures, which remained constant throughout the fermentation. In contrast, the molecular weight produced by the OP strain was in the range 5500 to 6700 kDa under the two conditions evaluated.

Conclusion

Overall, our results revealed the biotechnological potential of using modified strains, which overexpress PhbP3 phasin or have inactivated the gene that expresses the PhbP2 phasin, for the production of P3HB, affording a higher molecular weight than that produced by the OP strain. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Age under 20 years, pre‐operative participation in pivoting sports, and steep posterior tibial slope of more than 12° are risk factors for graft failure after double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Goto Kazumi , Honda Eisaburo , Iwaso Hiroshi , Sameshima Shin , Inagawa Miyu , Ishida Yutaro , Matsuo Koji , Kuzuhara Ryota , Sanada Takaki
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Younger age and steep posterior tibial slope (PTS) have been reported as risk factors for graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Few studies have evaluated these risk factors simultaneously in a large cohort of patients undergoing double‐bundle ACLR (DB‐ACLR). Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to simultaneously investigate known risk factors such as PTS and age in DB‐ACLR, determine their thresholds and calculate odds ratios (ORs).

Methods

We investigated 482 knees that underwent DB‐ACLR with a follow‐up period of at least 2 years. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined cut‐off values for age and PTS for graft failure. Subsequently, logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of age, sex, height, weight, laterality, surgical waiting period, pre‐operative sport type and level, meniscal injury, hyperextension, general joint laxity and PTS on graft failure.

Results

Graft failure was observed in 33 out of 482 knees (6.8%). Notably, the graft failure group was significantly younger (18.0 ± 5.0 years [standard deviation] vs. 30.4 ± 13.1 years, p < 0.01) and had a steeper PTS (11.9 ± 2.3° [standard deviation] vs. 9.6 ± 2.9°, p < 0.01) than the group with no graft failure. The cut‐off values were 20.0 years for age (specificity, 64.6%; sensitivity, 87.9% and area under the curve, 0.808) and 12.0° for PTS (specificity, 70.9%; sensitivity, 69.7% and area under the curve, 0.734). Logistic regression analysis identified an age of <20 years (OR = 10.1; p < 0.01), PTS of ≥12° (OR = 5.6; p < 0.01) and pre‐operative participation in pivoting sports (OR = 6.0; p < 0.01) as significant risk factors for graft failure.

Conclusion

We identified an age of <20 years, PTS of ≥12° and pre‐operative participation in pivoting sports as significant risk factors for graft failure after DB‐ACLR.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Mapping challenges in the accessibility of treatment products for urea cycle disorders: A survey of European healthcare professionals
Authors: Stolwijk Nina N. , Häberle Johannes , Huidekoper Hidde H. , Wagenmakers Margreet A. E. M. , Hollak Carla E. M. , Bosch Annet M. ,   the E‐IMD and MetabERN Working Group on the Real‐World Use of products for UCD Management
Published: December 2024

Current management guidelines for urea cycle disorders (UCDs) offer clear strategies, incorporating both authorized and non‐authorized medicinal products (including intravenous formulations and products regulated as food). These varying product categories are subject to specific accessibility challenges related to availability, reimbursement, and pricing. The aim of this study is to identify potential obstacles to optimal UCD treatment implementation in European clinical practice. A survey aimed at metabolic healthcare professionals (HCPs) managing patients with UCDs in Europe was disseminated through the European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders and the European registry and network for intoxication type metabolic diseases. Forty‐eight survey responses were collected from 21 European countries. In 16 of these countries, at least one metabolic HCP reported challenges in accessing UCD products. Reimbursement issues were reported for most products (8/10), including both authorized and non‐authorized products. Availability‐related challenges were also reported for 8/10 products, although unavailability was limited to non‐authorized products. Prices impacted accessibility for all authorized products (3/3) and one non‐authorized IV product. The accessibility of UCD treatment products varied across Europe, although no clear regional variations could be discerned. Survey data revealed that metabolic HCPs experience challenges in accessing both authorized and non‐authorized products for UCD management in the majority of European countries. This indicates that registering unauthorized products may not resolve all issues. Improved reimbursement policies and fair pricing models, as well as (adjusted) authorization procedures may help address these concerns, thereby optimizing treatment access for UCD patients.