bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review onthe effects of artificial light weight aggregate in concrete.
Authors: Rhishi Raj K , Vasudev R
Published: June 2021

The disposal problem of industrial by-products like fly ash, heavy metal sludge, sewage sludge etc. are increasing day by day. To use by-products in large volume the applications like embankment fill or aggregate replacement material should be considered for sustainable development. This study is focused on properties of artificial light weight aggregate on concrete and the effect of cold bonded light weight aggregate on concrete through partial and complete replacement of coarse aggregates. Artificial Lightweight aggregate can be produced by nodulizing the by-product for example fly ash in a pelletizer with a proportionate quantity of water, cement and further hardened by cold bonding or sintering. Due to the impact of earth quake forces all over the world, the need for light weight structural design is increasing presently, as it reduces mass of the structure. The concrete produced is light weight in nature and has added the benefit of reducing overall cost, especially in transportation and placing etc. it has its own advantages like reduced dead load, and thus economic structures, high sound absorption and good fire resistance.
A review on effects of ceramic tile waste as partial replacement of coarse aggregate on geopolymer paver block.
Authors: Philip Sweda Sara , Archana C P
Published: June 2021

Paver blocksare used in manyareaslikestreet road and other construction places. Due to rapid infrastructure development the useof cementisincreasing. Cement emits large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and this leadsto global warming. Today researches on waste management lead to an eco-friendly product called geopolymer mortar and concrete. To support the development of pavement construction in the civil engineering industry, a new approach to predicting the performance of the geopolymer paver block (GPB) has been proposed.A huge quantity of ceramic waste is generated during processing, transportation and handling. To reduce this waste disposal, ceramic waste can be used as an alternative material to natural coarse aggregate. Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) are activated using alkaline solution such as sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide to get cementitious binder. There are various paper and research works based on natural coarse aggregate replacedby various percentages of other industrial waste material and cement replaced by various percentage of other waste material andit is found that there is increase in strength, durabilityand reduction in cost and utilization of wastematerial. Various waste material can be used for improving strength of paver block. The primary objective of this review is to understand the properties as well as economical and environmental benefits of GPB using ceramic tile waste corresponding to M40 grade (16M)based on earlier researches.From the mix designed, 25% Fly ashand 75% GGBS shows optimum mix.The review work also focus on selection of various percentages of ceramic tile waste for replacing natural coarse aggregate.
Identification of risk factors leading to cost and time overrun in B-O-T projects.
Authors: Lal Neena S , Mathew Anue Marry
Published: June 2021

Asinfrastructural investments are vital in developing countries, it’ll not solely facilitate to foster the economic growth of a nation, however it’ll additionally act as a platform within which new kinds of partnership and collaboration may be developed. The developments of BOT have attracted participation of native and foreign non-public sector capitalist to secure funding and to deliver projects on time, within the budget and to the desired specifications. There are many complexities in projects because ofthe variety of factors in project’s trend and also the dependence of project primarily on national factors. Because of these complexities and their long-term operation, the projects meet with uncertainty and numerous risks. Effective risk management methods and good managerial skills are required in guaranteeing the success of the project. In recent years, due to substantial increase in the amount of construction companies along with the changes in the government administrations, the construction projects are exposed to cost and time overrun and has huge impact on the progress of works within the industry. Although, the sector is considered to be a key driver of economic growth, time and cost overruns threaten to limit the sector’s potential to help achievethe desired growth and ensure efficient capital expenditure
Sustainable water treatment technologies: a review.
Authors: Asha P Tom , Pawels Renu
Published: June 2021

The sustainability concept is emerged to maintain and strengthen “the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. The adaptive capacities of the world population can be strengthened by eradication of poverty and provision of healthy living conditions which takes the priority. This can be achieved by provision of education and basic infrastructure to the people, worldwide. Availability of high quality drinking water and assurance of hygienic safety is one of the most basic needs of any community, and subsequently a precondition of sustainable development of rural or municipal areas. Decentralized water management should be seriously taken into account in the present scenario of extremely varying climatic changes affecting the potential water resources of the world. Also the energy requirement of centralized water supply schemes is fueling the energy scarcity. Therefore, effective utilization of ground water resources can be the intelligent step the towards achieving sustainable living conditions. Additionally, the water demand in the agricultural industry has become an important concern, considering that more than 70% of freshwater is used for crop irrigation. Desalination is considered a promising solution for water production challenges, but the sustainability of the same needs a detailed study. The treatment of waste water is another necessary criteria to satisfy the basic demands of good quality water for human life and industrial use. In the present review, different methods of water treatment technologies are studied, to assess their contribution towards sustainable development. Water treatment technologies for drinking purpose, waste water purification and desalination were deliberated and the effectiveness of each in attaining sustainable habitat has been portrayed in this review. It was observed that sustainable technologies for water treatment can be a better solution to face the water scarcity challenges in the world as they are self-reliable while compared to other methods.
Analysis of cold formed steel sheet pile for earth retaining wall.
Authors: Veena C , Saravanan S , Nandakumar C.G. , Davis P Robin
Published: June 2021

Failure loads of sheet pile having various profiles such as U, Z and Omega/Hat profiles under compression was carried out by using equations of strength of materials and compared the failure load under various modes such as Euler’s buckling, torsional buckling and failure load due to yielding. Compared the strength of various profiles under flexure by using finite element analysis. Sheet pile can be analyzed as a unit cell for the simplified finite element analysis. For selecting the unit cell sheet pile with omega/Hat section was analyzed for profile containing one to eight numbers and checked the convergence of bending stress and maximum lateral deflection. Interlocks were analyzed for three different conditions such as plane interlock, interlock filled with bitumen and welded interlock. Location of interlock and neutral axis of the wall will affect the stability of the structure. Sheet piles with various cross sections were analyzed and studied the shear stress and bending stress along the cross section. From the structural performance of various cross sections omega/hat section can be considered as the most efficient cross section for the cold formed steel sheet pile because of its more load carrying capacity under compression and high torsion resistance and less bending stress. Results from the finite element analysis for the selection of unit cell shows that the stress and deflection value was converge at the sheet pile having 6 numbers of profiles.
A review and analysis of control techniques in HVAC systems
Authors: Sai S. Bharath , Srinaath H. , Sanjunath S
Published: June 2021

Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are the coreenergy-absorbingequipmentin buildings.Building HVAC system with effective control technique can greatly reduce energy consumption.The high demand for HVAC systemPlacingin buildings, usingan effective controltechniquetodecrease the energy absorbing ofthe equipmentwhile meeting the thermal comfort demands in buildings are the most important goalsof control designers.The different control methods for HVACsystems. This paperdefinescontrol techniquesused in HVAC systems, MATLAB/simulation design andimplementation ofcontroller’stechniquewith thetransfer function forthe HVAC system.
A review on modelling of the stress-strain behaviour of soil.
Authors: Manjanath Priyanka P , Dhanya Mary
Published: June 2021

Soil has been used as a construction material since antiquity with both success and failure. As the earth material is widely available and relatively economical,it has been found very useful in the construction of foundations, subgrades, embankments and as backfill. The collapsibility of soil is mainly due to the decrease of shear strength and macro-deformation with the increase of moisture content. This can result in some serious problems, such as the differential settlement of the foundation, landslides, and slope instability, resulting in a series of damages of infrastructures and loss of human lives to some degree. In civil engineering, it is very important tomake realistic predictions of the behaviour of soil under various conditions. Triaxial tests are to be carried out to study soil behaviour. The results will indicate the shear damage characteristics during the test. The relation of stress and strain of soils can be expressed using constitutive models. It can provide a brief idea about how soil will behave under different conditions. Application of Neural Network can be used to develop a data-driven constitutive modelling of the soil.
Durabilityofgeopolymer concreteexposed toacidicenvironment–a review.
Authors: Peter Cibi , Karthi Lathi
Published: June 2021

Acids attack concrete by dissolving both hydrated and unhydrated cement compounds as well as calcareous aggregates and the subsequent chemical reaction forms water soluble calcium compounds which are then leached away. The aggressiveness of the reaction depends on the pH of the acidic medium and the types of salts formed. Concrete pipes made of ordinary portland cement (OPC) carrying sewage water have always the presence acidic solutions in it. They deteriorate and service life of the pipes is affected along with the increased maintenance costs and that process cause environmental impacts. Geopolymer binders are novel binders that relies on alumina silicate rather calcium silicate bonds for structural integrity so they have been reported as being acid resistant. Those could be produced by the chemical action between alumino-silicate material such as fly ash(FA), granulated blast furnaces slag (GGBS), metakaoline or silica fume with alkaline solutions like sodium silicate or sodium hydroxide. Geopolymers showsuperior performance in terms of corrosion and fire resistance due to the absence of water and calcium in their structure.Utilizationof waste materials like FA and GGBS makes geopolymer concrete (GPC) an environment friendly construction material. This review paper looks in to the effect of various acids such as sulphuric acid, acetic acid, nitric acids on durability properties of OPC specimens, GPC specimens and GPC composite specimens when immersed in acidic solutions for certain period. The performance of geopolymer is analysed by the visual inspection and studying the parameters like weight loss, loss in compressive strength and maximum depth of penetration.
A review on bioflocculation using microalgae for nutrient removal from waste water.
Authors: Krishna Swathy
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, the eutrophication of surface water has become a major environmental concern. Increased concentration of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous lead to eutrophication condition which highlights the demand for effective and economical methods of removing nitrogen and phosphorous from waste water. Bio flocculation using microalgae is an excellent candidate for satisfying the dual purpose of nutrient removal and waste water treatment. It has so many advantages over conventional methods such as toxic free, no chemical is needed, low cost etc. In this review the bio flocculation of microalgae, its mechanisms, applications and harvesting methods are discussed.

Keywords: Bio flocculation, microalgae, nutrient removal, waste water treatment
Styrofoam bricks.
Authors: Meghna P. , Dilraj K.P. , Aswin S.V. , Sreejith K.R. , Thrishna N.
Published: June 2021

Pollution and accumulation of waste is one of the major problems that the present world faces. Of the waste materials the non-degradable plastic waste is the major issue. Among the plastic wastes, Styrofoam wastes share the lion's share. Styrofoam wastes are non-degradable also possess the threat of poisonous gas emission when burnt the main challenge is to recycle without the emission of poisonous gases. In this thought we come to the idea of Styrofoam bricks. The Styrofoam brick mainly consists of Styrofoam, acetone and sand. Styrofoam bricks can be manufactured through 4 kinds of process, dissolution of Styrofoam in acetone, mixing with sand, moulding and drying. Why we are preparing this brick is to get high strength and reduced weight also it is not brittle like the ordinary bricks. This will have good load bearing capacity. It can be used to construct partition wall, pavement, roofing etc.

Key Words: Polystyrene Foam; Lightweight Bricks; Thermal Insulation; Pore-Forming.
A review on the influence of shrinkage reducing admixtures on concrete.
Authors: Rose Angel , James Jerison Scariah , John Elson , Paul Sachin
Published: June 2021

Shrinkage cracking is a common source of distress in concrete structures. In addition to being unsightly, these cracksservetoaccelerateotherformsofdamageinconcrete,therebyshorteningtheservicelife ofstructures.Onesolution toreducethepotentialforshrinkagecrackingistoincorporateashrinkagereducingadmixture(SRA)inconcretemixtures. SRAs belong to a special type of organic chemicals (i.e., surfactants) that when mixed in water, reduce the surface tension of the liquid, and thereby reduce the magnitude of capillary stresses and shrinkage strains that occur when concrete is losing moisture. Various studies show that SRAs have proven to reduce drying, autogenous, and plastic shrinkage, which has been summarized in thisliterature.
Strength analysis of soil blocks admixed with sugarcane bagasse ash.
Authors: Prasanna Shwetha , Sail Swaroopa , Patil Rhea , De Souza Maryann , Prasad Anushuka , Gavandalkar Aakash , Gaude Yatish
Published: June 2021

This paper is mainly focusing on the stabilization of soil using sugarcane baggase ash (SBA) as a soil stabilizer. The locally available soil samples were collected and their properties were determined. Based on the laboratory test results the soil was classified as fine-grained soil. Soil stabilized blocks of dimensions 15cm x 15cm x 15cm were prepared with the following soil, cement and SBA combinations 100% soil, 80% soil + 20% cement, 80% soil +10% cement +10% SBA, 80% soil + 8% cement+ 12% SBA and 80% soil + 6% cement +14% SBA. Plain OPC cement of 43 grade and SBA from sugar factory Goa was used for the soil blocks. The blocks were moist cured for a period of 28 days. The soil stabilized blocks were then tested for their compressive strength under the universal testing machine according to BIS specifications. The effects of the SBA on the strength of the soil blocks were studied and it could be concluded that SBA can be used as a partial replacement of cement.

Key words: sugarcane bagasse ash, compressive Strength, soil stabilized block, cement.
A review on offsite construction plant design in Auckland.
Authors: Salim Salman Shah
Published: June 2021

The main objective of this paper was to review the design considerations and challenges for offsite construction plant in Auckland. The goal is to provide the reasons for selecting the design criteria. For this the production plants Willmot Dixon in UK, CRC in Australia and Fletcher in New Zealand were considered. This plant can be used for products in residential buildings, hospitals, educational buildings and commercial buildings using Lightweight steel and timber framing, Factory assembled bathrooms (FABs) or pods, Cross-laminated timber and Prefabricated and precast concrete. The four design communication alternatives for an offsite production plant based on the requirements for adaptability, efficiency in assembly and production economy are explained according to the needs. The main urban challenges which were faced by Auckland for offsite production plant like speed of construction, cost, waste materials, machines and workers are reviewed using the method of engineering called Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) by which the production costs and the time for products to reach the market are reviewed
Working posture analysis of construction workers using ergonomics.
Authors: Anagha R , Xavier Annie Sonia
Published: June 2021

Ergonomics integrates knowledge from the human sciences to match jobs, systems, products, and environments to the physical and mental abilities and limitations of people. Most of the injuries, stresses and strains in construction industry occur due to over-exertion and repetitive work actions. Postural analysis can be a powerful technique for assessing work activities. Use of ergonomic principles reduces fatigue experienced by the human body in various tasks. Ergonomics deals with the study of internal and external stresses acting on the human body. The aim of this study is to assess the level of ergonomics in various tasks in the construction industry .The study also aims to find the level of musculoskeletal disorders in workers and suggest corrective measures for every task having high risk factor. The study is conducted by using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool of Ergofellow software, to assess the posture of workers in various construction tasks. Fatigue analysis is doneby this method, which provides a scoring system for muscle activity caused by static, dynamic, rapid changing or unstable postures.
Study of sisal fibre reinforced concrete in lintels
Authors: Vinay Kumar S , Yashasvi GV , Sudarshan S.K.
Published: June 2021

Concrete made with Portland cement has certain characteristics: -itis relatively strong in compression but weak in tension and tends to fail quicklywhen subjectedtoTension. Thedeficiency in tension can bemitigated withconventional reinforcement & to some extent by the inclusion of a sufficientvolume of Fibers. Change in the behavior of the Fiber –matrix compositeafter it has cracked, is due to the addition of Fibers(Balasubramanyan et al.2015)Sisal Fiber is a promisingconcrete composite on account of its low density, less cost, increased specificstrength and modulus, zero health risk, and it is easily cultivated in few countriesincluding India. There has been an increasing interest in finding new applicationsfor sisal-fiber which is traditionally used for making ropes, mats, carpets, fancyarticles and others. The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of sisalfibersinconcretetoenhancethemechanical characteristicsof concreteandcompare the differences in properties of concrete containingno fibers with fibers.The correlation on the effects of different type and geometry of fibers to theconcreteis alsotheaim of theresearch.Thescrutiny was carriedout usingseveral tests,which contained workability test, compressive test, split tensile test& flexural test.A total of ten mix batches of concrete containing 0%,0.6%,0.7%, 0.8% dosage of Fiber were cast.M25 grade concrete is considered forresearchasthisgradeisseenmaximumconsumptioninindustry.
Pre and post vulnerability of floods to mental health among theresidents of Srinagar City, J&K-India.
Authors: Dar Bilquees , Lone Sheraz Ah.
Published: June 2021

Health effects occur directly through contact with flood waters or indirectly from damage to infrastructure, ecosystems, food and water supplies or social support systems. They can be immediate or can appear days, weeks or months after the floods have receded. Two thirds of flood related deaths worldwide are from drowning and one third from physical trauma, heart attacks, electrocution, carbon monoxide poisoning or fire. The main of this paper was to assess the Pre and post vulnerability of floods to mental health among the residents of Srinagar city.For the collection of primary data, sample of 200 respondents were randomly selected from various areas of the Srinagar city. A well structured questionnaire was employed for collecting primary data. The study reveals thatMaximum number patients were found during post floods (974). During pre floods out of the total 418 patients, maximum were found in the month of July (116 patients) followed by August (107 patients). However in post floods out of 974, maximum cases were found in January (281 patients) followed by march (273 patients). Females were found more vulnerable in both cases but in pre flood 62 percent females were found exposed to different mental health problems which increased to 77 percent after floods of September, 2014.
Impact of Covid-19 on Tourism Sector in Nepal.
Authors: Panthhe Kamal P. , Kokate Chandrakant. N.
Published: June 2021

Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange earnings for the government and contributes to the livelihood of millions in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore and illuminate the preliminary impacts of COVID-19 in tourism sector in Nepal and further the paper puts forward policy recommendations for government to avert the worst effects and facilitate recovery. In Nepal, the travel and tourism sector contributes to 8 percent of GDP, 6.7 percent of total employment, and it generates 6 percent of the total foreign exchange earnings. Nepal Tourism Board estimates that loss of 85.2 billion USD monthly from tourism sector only and three in five employees lost their jobs due to COVID-19 in Nepal. The “Visit Nepal 2020” campaign had cancelled which aimed to attract 2 million tourists in the country this year. Tourism sector has already suffered a huge loss, and it is going to take quite to restore. The government should form special task force to create economic response package that will support Nepalese, their job, their businesses from the global impact of COVID-19, and to ready the economy to recover.

Keywords: Covid-19, Tourism, Economy, Nepal
Investigation of water quality from Damanga estuary through the water quality indexing Gujarat
Authors: Patel Shefaliben Sureshbhai , Sahoo Susmita
Published: June 2021

The seasonal investigation about the water quality from Damanganga river estuary on two habitats downstream and upstream was carried out from January to December 2019 containing three major seasons: winter, summer and monsoon. For this monitoring activity total 29 parameters (24 physico-chemical parameters and 5 heavy metals) were analyzed. Multivariate analyses suggested inter dependency among these studied parameters. Water Quality Index is computed based on the major fluctuated and affected parameters. The calculated values of WQI for all three seasons ranged from 122.84 to 173.82 which suggested poor water quality of the water body. WQI values of the investigation area proposed that the estuarine water quality is deteriorated due to high value of presented heavy metals (Aluminum, Iron, Manganese, Boron and Zinc), Chloride, Ammonium and Sulfate in water sample. In this case, the downstream station is having accessional pollutant contaminations while the upstream station is having diminutive pollutant contaminants. Temporally, the dominant frailty found during the winter followed by summer and monsoon. This study field exhibited poor quality of water; the reason behind this might be the impressive surrounding industrial zone as well as other anthropogenic activities. There is quite normal probability distribution expressed by the represented water quality data at the both habitats. The Bray-Curtis cluster analysis shows different percentage similarity level between the water quality parameters.
Is dairy wastewater safe for production of edible microbial biomass: A case study of Saras dairy plant at Jaipur, India
Authors: Gaur Suman , Mathur Nupur , Singh Anuradha , Bhatnagar Pradeep
Published: June 2021

Mismanagement of wastewater at large scale may lead to catastrophic environmental and health consequences. Microbial remediation of wastewater is one of the most effective low-cost solutions. There are also initiatives to use wastewater for production edible biomass as an alternative for protein diets. While much researches were oriented towards maximum recovery of biomass and applications, less were focused on mutagenicity of dairy wastewater. In this study, we examined wastewater of one of the largest dairy industries in Rajasthan for its suitability for microbial biomass production and mutagenicity. Influent wastewater was collected from Saras dairy plant, Jaipur, for over a week. Physiochemical properties of wastewater were examined, such as; temperature, pH, salinity, TSS, TDS, turbidity, conductivity, BOD, COD, total carbon, and total nitrogen. SOS chromotest and Salmonella fluctuation test (TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102) were carried out at variable concentration of wastewater to assess mutagenic activity. Results indicated ideal pH, temperature and salinity, for microbial remediation. High TOC and TKN were also observed in the investigated wastewater, which is few of the prerequisites for single cell production. The ratio of BOD and COD was between 0.3-0.4, making the wastewater ideal for microbial growth. No mutagenic activity was observed by SOS chromotest, all three concentrations (C 0.01, C 0.1, and C 0.2) investigated in this study were <1.5 IF. Likewise, mutagenic ratio for all three types of Salmonella revertants were below 1.2 threshold, for investigated concentrations (C 0.5, C 1, and C 10) of wastewater. Conclusively, examined influent wastewater is less likely to induce mutagenic activity at the investigated concentration. Through physiochemical analysis, the investigated wastewater assumed to be candidate substrate for microbial biomass production.
GÊNEROS DO DISCURSO E MULTILETRAMENTOS: UMA POSSIBILIDADE DE LEITURA DE O CABELO DE LELÊ
Authors: Rodrigues dos Santos Aline
Published: June 2021

Num diálogo entre a teoria dos gêneros do discurso de Bakhtin e seu Círculo e os multiletramentos do Grupo de Nova Londres, nosso objetivo é analisar a obra O Cabelo de Lelê (2012), de Valeria Belém (verbal) e Adriana Mendonça (imagens), na tentativa de entender como o texto subverte estereótipos da criança menina negra para formar uma identidade empoderada, desvelando possíveis relações de alteridade e responsividade (dialogismo). Acreditamos que a articulação entre ambas as teorias pode ajudar na compreensão do contexto social contemporâneo que exige novas práticas discursivas para um ensino multiletrado ao propor um possível movimento de leitura e análise dos aspectos multissemióticos que constituem o texto em questão. Além do imbricamento entre as teorias do Grupo e do Círculo, um terceiro eixo compõe o aporte teórico da pesquisa: o feminismo negro. Pudemos compreender, assim, a subversão do estereótipo e a formação da identidade empoderada da menina negra no fio dos sentidos sobre a beleza na revisitação da memória e da cultura do povo negro.
“QUESTÕES DA REPÚBLICA” EM TEMPOS DE CRISE: LINGUAGEM, IDEOLOGIA E JORNALISMO LITERÁRIO
Authors: Cardoso da Silva Leila , Santos Lemos Márcia
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de discutir linguagem, ideologia e jornalismo literário a partir do arcabouço teórico de Mikhail Bakhtin. Procuramos demonstrar, por meio da análise de uma reportagem da seção “Questões da República” da revista piauí, a relação entre palavra, ideologia e metabolismo social. Para tanto, organizamos a exposição em três partes articuladas. A primeira trata dos conceitos bakhtinianos. A segunda apresenta o jornalismo literário e a revista piauí. Por fim, a análise da reportagem selecionada como corpus para este trabalho – “Feliz Ano Velho – Em torno do retrocesso brasileiro” – publicada em janeiro de 2018.
DE ADJUVANTE A PROTAGONISTA: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IMAGEM DO NEGRO NA PUBLICIDADE BRASILEIRA
Authors: Carmona Garcia Manzano Luciana , D'Leon de Almeida Isaac
Published: June 2021

A formação social brasileira é resultado de um modelo que se constitui pela mistura de etnias que fizeram do Brasil um mosaico de diversidades, portador de riquezas multivariadas. Embora tenha sido constituído de forma pluralizada, isso não evitou a discriminação. Dentro dessa temática, este artigo objetiva analisar a imagem do corpo negro em peças publicitárias brasileiras que circularam no período de 1995 a 2016, no intuito de observar a correlação do discurso presente com os indícios que remetem à subjetivação do negro num patamar inferior ao do branco. À luz da teoria da Análise do Discurso, buscamos observar a construção da imagem do negro nas práticas discursivas ao longo da história. Os resultados demonstram a presença desses indícios do negro inferiorizado, reatualizado no discurso da publicidade, mas, a partir das políticas afirmativas, observamos uma tentativa de mutações na construção desses discursos e a busca de uma representatividade do negro na publicidade contemporânea.
Implications of Philately in the Representation of the Ceahl?u National Park from Romania - An Ecological Revised Case Study
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan-Vasile , Pop Alexandru Leonard , Coman Mirela
Published: June 2021

Romania is a blessed place with many areas of unique beauty - as part of the natural heritage - with places where the spectacle of nature delights your eyes and take your breath with every step. Constantly promoting philatelic themes that use natural wealth and the beauty of our country as subjects, the administrative entity (with various names over time) responsible for issuing postage stamps performs a series of postage stamps in whose images are found rarities of flora and fauna, a miracle of nature. To show that protected natural areas have a special beauty, and to make them known to everyone, we bring to the talk the most significant philatelic peculiarities in the Ceahl?u National Park (Romania). In this context, the purpose of the research is to identify, index, analyze, describe and disseminate the main philatelic materials that promote the protected area considered. The realization of the whole approach was based on the information provided by a series of philatelic catalogs and sites with dedicated philatelic content. The results show that the concern for the habitat of the area was remarkable, both the multitude of identified philatelic pieces and their artwork speak for themselves.
Awareness and Knowledge of HIV Transmission and Prevention among Military Personnel in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Adekunle Olajide A. , Adeyemi David A.
Published: June 2021

Aims: To assess the level of knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention and identify factors influencing the awareness of HIV transmission and prevention among military personnel in Nigeria.

Study design: A cross-sectional study.

Place and duration of study: The Nigerian Defense Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria.

Methodology: Using the stratified probability sampling technique, military personnel between the age of 18 and 55 years, were recruited based on arm of service with a percentage distribution of 60:20:20 (Army, Navy, and Air Force respectively). The sample size(n) was 384 and the adjusted sample size was 427 respondents. The tool for data collection was a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. This instrument, divided into 3 sections, was designed to obtain information on socio-demographics (sex, age, ethnic background, education level as the highest level of education attainment, experience in the military; the arm of service, rank, length of service, gender and number of sexual partners, knowledge of HIV prevention, and perception of risk of HIV transmission. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression at p<0.05.

Results: While 98.5% of respondents have ever heard of HIV, 80.3% claimed to have seen or heard information about HIV, with media (85.9%) been the major source of this information. Out of the 391 respondents, 174 (44.5%) and 217 (55.5%) military personnel had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV transmission respectively while 80.8% and 19.2% of these respondents had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV prevention, respectively.

Conclusions: While there was no significant difference in the proportion of those military men that had adequate and inadequate knowledge of HIV transmission, there was a clear and significant difference in the proportion of military men with adequate and inadequate prevention knowledge. Age, education, marital status, and service arm are predictive factors that could influence knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention.
Study on the effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Treatment and Research
Authors: Broomfield Daniel , Ross Daniel V. , Albarahmeh Farah I. , Azzi Joseph G. , Morebise Olugbenga
Published: June 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the way that healthcare systems and research centers across the world operate. Resources are now being poured into fighting the pandemic. Unfortunately, these resources are often drawn from other healthcare sectors. The focus of this paper is to determine how the shift of resources affects how cancer treatment and cancer research across the globe. Previous research in this topic is sparse, so looking into how cancer research and treatment has been affected can prove beneficial by highlighting the affected treatment methods for cancer patients so that healthcare teams will be able to allocate resources for particularly vulnerable patients once resources are available. Research has discovered that the shift of resources has led to a decrease in screenings for various types of cancer. Furthermore, clinical trials for new cancer treatments have been paused as well. This has led to an increase in cancer-related mortality, for many different types of cancer. However, some healthcare systems are adapting to these changes by increasing their use of telemedicine, which patients have welcomed. This shows that resources being taken away from cancer treatment and research has had a negative impact on cancer care but as the pandemic progresses, healthcare workers are finding ways to care for their patients.
Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Dearomative [3+2] Annulation of Electron‐Deficient 2‐Nitrobenzo Heteroarenes with 3‐Isothiocyanato Oxindoles
Authors: Dou Pei‐Hao , Chen Yan , You Yong , Wang Zhen‐Hua , Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Zhou Ming‐Qiang , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: June 2021

An organocatalyzed asymmetric dearomative [3+2] annulation reaction of electron‐deficient 2‐nitrobenzo heteroarenes including 2‐nitrobenzofurans, 2‐nitrobenzothiophenes and 2‐nitroindoles with 3‐isothiocyanato oxindoles was developed. With a multiple hydrogen‐bonding bifunctional thiourea as the catalyst, the reaction displays broad substrate scope and provides an access to structurally diverse polycyclic spirooxindoles containing three contiguous stereogenic centers in high yields with good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 94:6 dr, and 97% ee). This organocatalysis protocol is able to afford the products with complementarily diastereoselectivity versus the previous work with transition metal catalysis.

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Per oral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: A Taiwanese single‐center experience
Authors: Lee Yu‐Chi , Tai Wei‐Chen , Wu Keng‐Liang , Yao Chih‐Chien , Chuah Seng‐Kee
Published: June 2021

Endoscopic treatment of achalasia includes endoscopic botulinum toxin injection, endoscopic pneumatic dilations (PD) but surgery owns longer durability. Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) carries high expectations with good short and mid‐term report and only minor morbidity in Western and Eastern countries outside Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to report a 2‐year clinical outcome and safety of POEM among a prospective registered achalasia cohort in southern Taiwan. We, retrospectively, analyzed 22 prospective registered patients who received POEM for achalasia, adhered and completed 2‐year regular follow‐up studies between July 2015 and December 2020 from Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Then, 22 of achalasia patients (8 males: 14 females) were enrolled into this study (male/female: 8/14, mean age: 45.0 years). All 22 patients had received high‐resolution manometry to diagnose and classify the phenotype. Fifteen patients were diagnosed as type I achalasia and seven as type II by Chicago classification. Clinical remission rates were 100% at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 95.5% at 2 years. Four patients who recurred after previous PD were successfully treated with POEM with clinical remission. Three patients had fever after POEM. Two patients (9.1%) had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after POEM procedure. POEM is an effective and safe treatment of choice for achalasia with 95.5% of 2‐year clinical remission in this Taiwanese study. Post‐POEM GERD is low in the current study but the concern for potential GERD needs long‐term follow‐up reports to further clarify especially with larger scale quality studies.
Expedition to Phenanthrene Nucleus: A Two‐decade Research on Bench
Authors: John Stephy Elza , Tokala Ramya , Kaki Venkata Rao , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: June 2021

The phenanthrene nucleus is extensively found in diverse natural products and its versatility is not just limited to pharmaceutically beneficial molecules but has proved efficient in the development and synthesis of dyes, plastics, pesticides and explosives. Such a relevant nucleus has attracted researchers to probe into the construction of phenanthrene nucleus. The past two decades have witnessed continuous efforts in this direction with the exploration of various synthetic strategies enabling access to the privileged core. The review focuses on bringing the advances made in 20 years in these synthetic protocols and the mechanism involved in the generation of phenanthrene and its derivatives under one roof. In addition, it also provides a comparative study of the diverse approaches and vivid reactions employed for phenanthrene synthesis providing a better understanding and creating newer ideas towards the development of new chemical entities (NCEs).
Green Conversion of CO2 and Propargylamines Triggered by Triply Synergistic Catalytic Effects in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Lei , Jiao Yue‐E , Hou Sheng‐Li , Geng Liang‐Chen , Wang Hao‐Zhe , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2021

Cyclization of propargylamines with CO2 to obtain 2‐oxazolidone heterocyclic compounds is an essential reaction in industry but it is usually catalyzed by noble‐metal catalysts with organic bases as co‐catalysts under harsh conditions. We have synthesized a unique CuI/CuII mixed valence copper‐based framework {[(CuI6I5)Cu3IIL6(DMA)3](NO3)⋅9DMA}n (1) with good solvent and thermal stability, as well as a high density of uncoordinated amino groups evenly distributed in the large nanoscopic channels. Catalytic experiments show that 1 can effectively catalyze the reaction of propargylamines with CO2, and the yield can reach 99 %. The turnover frequency (TOF) reaches a record value of 230 h−1, which is much higher than that of reported noble‐metal catalysts. Importantly, this is the first report of heterogeneously catalyzed green conversion of propargylamines with CO2 without solvents and co‐catalysts under low temperature and atmospheric pressure. A mechanistic study reveals that a triply synergistic catalytic effect between CuI/CuII and uncoordinated amino groups promotes highly efficient and green conversion of CO2. Furthermore, 1 directly catalyzes this reaction with high efficiency when using simulated flue gas as a CO2 source.
Chemoresponsive Supramolecular Polypseudorotaxanes with Infinite Switching Capability
Authors: Wu Yitao , Shangguan Liqing , Li Qi , Cao Jiajun , Liu Yang , Wang Zeju , Zhu Huangtianzhi , Wang Feng , Huang Feihe
Published: June 2021

Chemoresponsive supramolecular systems with infinite switching capability are important for applications in recycled materials and intelligent devices. To attain this objective, here a chemoresponsive polypseudorotaxane is reported on the basis of a bis(p‐phenylene)‐34‐crown‐10 macrocycle (H) and a cyano‐substituted viologen guest (G). H and G form a [2]pseudorotaxane (H⊃G) both in solution and in the solid state. Upon addition of AgSF6, a polypseudorotaxane (denoted as [H⋅G⋅Ag]n) forms as synergistically driven by host–guest complexation and metal‐coordination interactions. [H⋅G⋅Ag]n depolymerizes into a [3]pseudorotaxane (denoted as H2⋅G⋅Ag2⋅acetone2) upon addition of H and AgSF6, while it reforms with successive addition of G. The transformations between [H⋅G⋅Ag]n and H2⋅G⋅Ag2⋅acetone2 can be switched for infinite cycles, superior to the conventional chemoresponsive supramolecular polymeric systems with limited switching capability.
Recent Advances in Photo‐mediated Radiofluorination
Authors: Bui Tien Tan , Kim Hee‐Kwon
Published: June 2021

Carbon‐fluorine bond formations have received a lot of attention because organofluorine compounds are widely used in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and materials science applications. In particular, the incorporation of fluorine‐18, which is a commonly used radioisotope for radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), a molecular imaging tool for the visualization of biochemical events, human metabolism processes, and the measurement and diagnosis of diseases in humans, plays a crucial role in clinical and preclinical studies. Several synthetic methodologies for carbon‐fluorine‐18 bond formation have been developed. However, conventional fluorination methods have some remaining drawbacks such as the high temperature and basic environment. Photo‐induced catalysis is an emerging technique that allow chemists to achieve the synthesis of target molecular architectures under mild conditions. Moreover, several radiofluorination strategies have been developed via photocatalysis. In this review, we focused on describing recent advances in the field of light‐mediated radiofluorination.
Prenatal and pubertal exposure to 17α‐ethinylestradiol cause morphological changes in the prostate of old gerbils
Authors: Fleury Fernanda G. , Guimarães Luísa R. F. , Rezende Elisa B. , Martins Tracy M. M. , Caires Cássia R. S. , dos Santos Fernanda C. A. , Taboga Sebastião R. , Perez Ana P. da S.
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated such as exposure to ethinylestradiol during the prenatal (18th–22nd day) and pubertal (42nd–49th day) periods acts on the male ventral prostate and female prostate of 12‐month old gerbils. We performed the analysis to serum hormone levels for estradiol and testosterone. The prostates were submitted to morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Exposure to ethinylestradiol during these developmental periods decreased the testosterone serum levels in males and increased the estradiol serum levels in females. Morphologically, prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and disorders in the arrangement of the fibrous components were observed in the prostate glands of both sexes of gerbil exposed to ethinylestradiol during development periods. In the male prostate, the ethinylestradiol promoted decreased in the frequency of positive epithelial cell for androgen receptor (AR) and increased the frequency of positive stromal cell for estrogen receptor α. However, in the female prostate, this synthetic estrogen caused AR upregulation and increased cell proliferation. This study shows that the exposure to ethinylestradiol during development phases alters the morphology and the hormonal signaling in the male and female prostates of old gerbils, confirming the action of ethinylestradiol as endocrine disruptor.
Physical modelling of large wood (LW) processes relevant for river management: Perspectives from New Zealand and Switzerland
Authors: Friedrich Heide , Ravazzolo Diego , Ruiz‐Villanueva Virginia , Schalko Isabella , Spreitzer Gabriel , Tunnicliffe Jon , Weitbrecht Volker
Published: June 2021

In the last 30 years, work on large wood (LW) has expanded and matured considerably, and river scientists, managers and practitioners now have a better appreciation of the role of LW in maintaining ecosystems, forming or stabilizing riverine landforms, and interacting with river morphodynamics. We have gained a better understanding of the hazards posed by the recruitment and transport of LW in the river channel and associated infrastructure. While LW dynamics have traditionally been studied in the natural river environment, innovations in laboratory techniques have enabled important advances in understanding LW process dynamics, using physical scale models, new sensors, scanners and sophisticated model boundary conditions. Current trends in LW laboratory research focus on (1) mobilization and transport of logs, (2) trapping and deposition of sediment in the presence of LW and (3) LW contribution to hydraulic flow resistance. Ultimately, a combined process understanding is needed to assess impacts upon infrastructure with erodible boundaries, such as bridge piers and LW retention racks. In this review, we present a critical analysis of emerging experimental work on LW obtained through physical modelling studies. We put recent experimental work in context with global LW management challenges. In particular, we set our work in context with the present environmental and engineering issues that confront catchment and natural resource managers in Switzerland and New Zealand. We show how improved physical models incorporating LW transport, accumulation and scouring processes are needed to contribute to more reliable hazard and risk assessment and improved river management in LW‐prone systems.
Learning how to avoid obstacles: A numerical investigation for maneuvering of self‐propelled fish based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Yan Lang , Chang Xinghua , Wang Nianhua , Tian Runyu , Zhang Laiping , Liu Wei
Published: June 2021

The self‐propelled fish maneuvering for avoiding obstacles under intelligent control is investigated by numerical simulation. The NACA0012 airfoil is adopted as the two‐dimensional fish model. To achieve autonomous cruising of the fish model in a complex environment with obstacles, a hydrodynamics/kinematics coupling simulation method is developed with artificial intelligence (AI) control based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The Navier–Stokes (NS) equations in the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) framework are solved by the dual‐time stepping approach, which is coupled with the kinematics equations in an implicit strong coupling way. Moreover, the moving mesh based on radial basis function and overset grid technology is taken to achieve a wide range of maneuvering. DRL is introduced into the coupling simulation platform for intelligent control of obstacle avoidance when the self‐propelled fish swimming. Three cases are tested to validate the novel approach, including the fish model maneuvering to avoid a single obstacle and double or multiple obstacles. The results indicate that the fish model can avoid obstacles in a complex environment under intelligent control. This work illustrates the possibility of producing navigation algorithms by DRL and brings potential applications of bionic robotic swarms in engineering.