bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Leafhopper on Concord Grapes, 1982
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. , Danko Lisa
Published: March 2022

Experiments were conducted in an established Concord grape vineyard infested with Erythroneura comes (Say). Plots consisted of 3 vines in a row replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Sprayes were applied on Aug 13 using a 6-gal True-Test plant sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers 61256ET? hydraulic vineyard sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 psi. Sprays were applied to runoff resulting in approximately 200 gal of spray per acre. Spray water pH was 7.15. Triton AG-98 (2 oz/100 gal) was used as a spreader-sticker in all treatments. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on each of 10 injured leaves selected at random per plot. Pre-treatment counts were made on Aug 11. Data were transformed to X + 0.5 and treated by analysis of variance and Duncan's modified (Bayesian) least significant difference test.
Larvicidal Activity Against the Grape Berry Moth, 1981
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Ellis Michael A.
Published: March 2022

A 15-year-old experimental vineyard of 'Concord' grapes at Wooster, OH was used for this evaluation. Rows were 9 ft on center with 9 ft between vines in the row. Each row was a randomized complete block containing a single replicate of each of the 6 treatments. A replicate consisted of 2 adjacent vines, with 4 replicates/ treatment. Insecticidal applications were made on July 10 and Jul 30 at the rate of 80 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a C02 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with Tee Jet D3 disc and No. 23 core. A spreader-sticker (Ortho X-77) was added to all insecticide and fungicide sprays at 1 pt/100 gal. Fungicides were applied to the entire experiment area at a 2 week interval beginning in mid-May through July, using 1 lb Benlate 50 WP and 2 lb Captan 50 WP/lOOgal. On Aug 2, applications were made using 1/2 lb Folpet 50 WP, plus 1/2 lb Dithane M-45/100 gal water. Ten clusters were taken at random from each plot, and the number of 'stung' berries in each plot was recorded. Date of harvest was Sep 23.
Citrus Rust Mite Control (CRM), 1982
Authors: Childers Carl C. , Sorrell Robert W.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were replicated 5 times on single-tree plots. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treatment trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a hand-gun at 400 psi (ca 6 gal/tree) using a truck-mounted sprayer on Jun 11. Water pH of each tank mix was determined immediately prior to spraying using a Fisher digital 107 pH meter. Approximately 500 gal of surface lake water with a pH of 9.0 was collected from Lake Shipp in Winter Haven. The water in Amitraz tank mixes was reduced to desired pH levels using 1090% citric acid prior to the addition of Amitraz,. Twenty it of living motile CRM was recorded as 1 fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various times before and after spraying. A 1 cm area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm count per fruit observation.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1982
Authors: Selhime A. G.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to two tree plots, replicated 5 times in randomized complete blocks. Sprays were applied dilute full coverage with a handgun and truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer at 400 psi (at the pump). Treatments were applied Apr 29, Test 1; and May 6, Test 2. Water pH tested 6.7 and 6.2 for the two test dates. Leaf samples (20/replicate) were taken from each treatment periodically before and after spraying. Living citrus rust mites seen in 4 10X binocular microscope fields/leaf, 284 cm /rep (2 fields upper and 2 fields lower leaf surface), were counted. Vendex was used as a standard acaricide in Test 1 and oil 435-66 was used as a standard in Test 2.
Pecan Phylloxera Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1982
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted on mature 'Schley' pecan trees at the Louisiana State University Pecan Research and Extension Station, Shreveport, Louisiana. On each of 5 trees, 3 branches were selected on which 8 terminals per branch (each terminal corresponding to a treatment) were flagged. Terminals were sprayed on Mar 18, using a 1 qt, hand held plastic spray bottle. An equal amount of material was applied to each terminal at the recommended rate. Terminals were sampled on Apr 29. Sampling consisted of counting the number of galls per terminal. Data were analyzed using the Student-Newman-Kuels Test (P = O.05).
The Efficacy of Selected Home Use Insecticide Products Upon German Cockroach Populations, 198
Authors: Ballard J. B. , Gold R. E.
Published: March 2022

The study sites were residences under the management of the Omaha Tribal Housing Authority, Macy, Nebraska. Pretreatment German cockroach population levels were assessed by placing sticky traps (distributed by Mitsuboshi Boeki, Inc.) in 85 homes for 1 night. One trap was placed under the kitchen sink, behind the stove, behind the toilet of each bathroom and next to the water heater in the basement of each home. Traps were removed after 1 night, cockroaches counted, and a cockroaches/trap/night value calculated. Insecticides evaluated were all registered for use upon cockroaches and available to the general public. All insecticide treatments were then applied once by using equipment indicated on the label; however, a banding technique, not indicated on the label for some products, was uniformly used for all treatments except 2. In the case of Smo-Cloud and Holiday Fogger, 2 containers of insecticide, 1 in the kitchen and 1 in the hallway, were used, fumigation style, to treat each residence. To evaluate the efficacy of the treatments, traps were placed in the original locations in the residences for 1 night at intervals of 1 day, 1 wk, 1 mo and 2 mo post-treatment. A cockroaches/trap/night value was calculated and compared to the pretreatment value to determine percent reduction.
Japanese Beetle Grub Control on a Golf Course Fairway in Reading, Pa, 1982
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticides were applied Aug 18 for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (90%) and annual bluegrass (10%). Treatment plots were 10 × 10 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied in 3 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, followed by watering in with 3 gal water. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was irrigated for 20 min. At treatment time, the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 83°F; soil temperature, 58°F; soil type, clay-loam; soil pH, 5.9: percent organic matter, 2.4; soil condition „ moist; amount of thatch, 1.5 in; and skies were partly cloudy. Post-treatment counts were made 44 days later (Oct 1). Four ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the -total number of living Japanese beetle grubs was recorded for each ft2 sample. An average of 10 Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded Aug 18 prior to treatment.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations on Greenhouse Floricultural Plants, Georgia, 1981:
Authors: Getting R. D.
Published: March 2022

RE 35394 and SD 52618 were applied to 20 selected ornamental species and phytotoxic effects were determined. Application rates were 0.008, 0.016, and 0.032 lb ai/100 gal for RE 35394 and 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 lb ai/100 gal for SD 52618. Sprays were applied, to the point of run-off, weekly for 4 applications in Sep and Oct utilizing a power sprayer at 80 psi. The temperatures ranged from 29-31°C with RH of 60-82% at the time of the applications. Plants were grown in a 1:1 mixture of Metro Mix 300 and peat moss and maintained on raised greenhouse benches. Treatments consisted of single pots replicated 6 times. Treatments were evaluated each week and a damage rating made on a scale of 0-3: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe damage. Ratings of 9 to 1 are considered acceptable.
Phytotoxicity Studies, New Hampshire, 1981
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Spinney Tim
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were applied to selected woody ornamental nursery crops to evaluate potential phytotoxicity. Experiments were conducted between Apr and Jul at the University of New Hampshire Horticultural Farm in Durham, NH. The ornamentals had been planted in rows and were sprayed at 0.5, IX (recommended rate), 2X and 4X using a CO2 compression sprayer at 40 psi. Each experimental rate was applied to 4 single plant replicates, to the point of runoff, in a randomized block design. The ornamentals were examined 9 and 10 days after application.
Control of Nantucket Pine TIP Moth on Mugo Pines, 1982
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Whitcomb Carl , King Ed
Published: March 2022

Three different systemic insecticides were evaluated for control of Nantucket pine tip moth on mugo pines in 2 different tests. The tests were conducted at the OSU Horticulture Research Farm outside of Stillwater, Oklahoma. Treatments were applied for Test 1 on Nov 6, 1981 and Treatments for Test 2 on Mar 2, 1982. The 3-gal container grown pines were approximately 12 in tall. All plants were watered after treatments were applied. Each treatment was replicated 10 times in a randomized block design. On May 20, all trees were evaluated by removing damaged tips and checking for live larvae.
Control of Gypsy Moth Caterpillar with Kryocide, 1981
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Spinner Tim S.
Published: March 2022

Kryocide was evaluated on oak leaves for the control of third instar gypsy moth larvae at the University of New Hampshire. Orthene was used as a standard. The chemicals were applied on June 4. The treatments were rated 1, 4, 5 and 7 days after application. Leaves were dipped into the appropriate solutions and fed to larvae in pint paper containers. Freshly dipped leaves were added after 4 days. Treatments were replicated 3 times. Each replicate represented 5 containers with 5 larvae per container for a total of 75 larvae per treatment.
Interaction of Soil Systemics and Herbicides on Lima Beans, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. , Beste C. E. , Bagley P. C.
Published: March 2022

'C-elete' lima beans were planted 1 to 1.5 inches deep, in single row plots, 17 ft in length and 6 ft in width, on Jul 9. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The insecticide treatments were applied at planting time with a single spout electric drive Gandy (Model 901-2). Sidedress treatments were applied 2 in to the side of the row and 2 inches below the seed. Dribble treatments were allowed to flow freely from the tube directly over the row behind the furrow press-wheel and followed by a drag chain. Band treatments were applied in a 6-in-wide band over the row behind the furrow press-wheel and followed by a drag chain. Preplant incorporated (ppi) treatments of herbicides were made on Jul 8 and the preemergence (pre) treatments were made Jul 9. The ppi treatments were incorporated 3 inches with a rotatiller. Herbicide treatments were applied broadcast with a unicycle sprayer with a 6-ft boom (4 8003 flat fan nozzles). Treatments were applied at the rate of 26.5 gal/acre at 30 psi. The soil type with a Norfolk 'A' loamy sand (0.6% O.M.). Yields were taken Oct 11 by harvesting the entire row (17 ft). The beans were hulled in a commercial viner and the shelled weight was recorded. Whole plant yields include roots, stems, leaves, pods and beans before shel1ing.
Acaricide Efficacy Evaluation, California, 1982:
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Robb K. L.
Published: March 2022

Three acaricides were tested for efficacy against the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on lima bean. There were 5 two-leaved bean plants per material including a water check. All plants were infested with 20 adult female T. urticae per leaf 24 h prior to pesticide application. The following treatments were applied with a 1-gal hand sprayer at 60 psT until runoff: Safer's Insecticidal Soap (300 oz/100 gal); Fluvalinate 2E (0.5 lb ai/100 gal); fenpropathrin 2.4E (0.1 lb ai/100 gal). All mites on each plant were counted for 3 and 10 days post spray.
European Corn Borer Control in Snap Bean, 1982
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

'Bush Blue Lake 94' snap beans were planted Jun 1 at the Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 3-row, 35 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replications. Ten plants from the center of each row were artificially infested Jul 23 with 2 egg masses/plant of European corn borer in the 'blackhead' stage of development. Insecticides were applied either Jul 19, 23, or 26, using a CO -powered sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at ca 25 psi .
Mass transfer behavior in electrode and battery performance analysis of organic flow battery
Authors: Chu Fengming , Lu Wen , Zhai Dailong , Xiao Guozhen , Yang Guoan
Published: March 2022

The organic flow battery is one of most potential electrochemical energy storage technologies due to the huge potential and cheapness. The mass transfer performance is one of the main barriers to limit the development. The species distribution and transport process in the electrode is influenced by the geometric characteristic of electrode. A novel numerical model for the organic redox flow battery is built, and this model is verified by the experiments. The results show that the mass transfer and battery performances are influenced by the electrode thickness significantly. Taking the ohmic loss into consideration, the optimal electrode thickness is 1.5 mm. The rising of electrode channel depth significantly reduces the discharge voltage. When the channel depth is 4 mm, the uniformity factor is lowest. The rising of the initial concentration can promote the battery performance and uniformity factor. The positive active species concentration leads to the bigger influence. This work can contribute to the industrial application of the organic flow battery.
BSAC Vanguard Series: Artificial intelligence and antibiotic stewardship
Authors: Chang Amy , Chen Jonathan H
Published: March 2022

Antimicrobial stewardship is a key facet in preventing antimicrobial resistance but can be difficult to put into practice. Frontline providers are faced with the unknowns of pending culture data plus the urgency of appropriate antibiotic choice to prevent sepsis-related mortality; this often leads to broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing. Currently available resources lack a customized approach to individual patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) focused on antimicrobial stewardship may create a unique opportunity to provide individualized, real-time recommendations to providers on appropriate, but narrower spectrum, antibiotic options. We envision that, with further advances in AI, personalized clinical decision support tools to optimize antibiotic prescribing could be available within the next decade.
Communicating With Breast Imaging Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Patient Care and Physician Wellness
Authors: Milch Hannah S , Grimm Lars J , Plimpton Steven R , Tran Khai , Markovic Daniela , Dontchos Brian N , Destounis Stamatia , Dialani Vandana , Dogan Basak E , Sonnenblick Emily B , Zuley Margarita L , Dodelzon Katerina
Published: March 2022

Objective

Assess the impact of COVID-19 on patient-breast radiologist interactions and evaluate the relationship between safety measure–constrained communication and physician wellbeing.

Methods

A 41-question survey on the perceived effect of COVID-19 on patient care was distributed from June 2020 to September 2020 to members of the Society of Breast Imaging and the National Consortium of Breast Centers. Non-radiologists and international members were excluded. Anxiety and psychological distress scores were calculated. A multivariable logistic model was used to identify demographic and mental health factors associated with responses.

Results

Five hundred twenty-five surveys met inclusion criteria (23% response rate). Diminished ability to fulfill patients’ emotional needs was reported by 46% (221/479), a response associated with younger age (OR, 0.8 per decade; P < 0.01), higher anxiety (OR, 2.3; P < 0.01), and higher psychological distress (OR, 2.2; P = 0.04). Personal protective equipment made patient communication more difficult for 88% (422/478), a response associated with younger age (OR, 0.8 per decade; P = 0.008), female gender (OR, 1.9; P < 0.01), and greater anxiety (OR, 2.6; P = 0.001). The inability to provide the same level of care as prior to COVID-19 was reported by 37% (177/481) and was associated with greater anxiety (OR, 3.4; P < 0.001) and psychological distress (OR, 1.7; P = 0.03).

Conclusion

The majority of breast radiologists reported that COVID-19 has had a negative impact on patient care. This perception was more likely among younger radiologists and those with higher levels of anxiety and psychological distress.
Automated Detection of Bowel Preparation Scoring and Adequacy With Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Low Daniel J , Hong Zhuoqiao , Jugnundan Sechiv , Mukherjee Anjishnu , Grover Samir C
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Adequate bowel preparation is integral to effective colonoscopy. Inadequate bowel preparation has been associated with reduced adenoma detection rate and increased post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC). As a result, the USMSTF recommends early interval reevaluation for colonoscopies with inadequate bowel preparation. However, bowel preparation documentation is highly variable with subjective interpretation. In this study, we developed deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to objectively ascertain bowel preparation.

Methods

Bowel preparation scores were assigned using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Bowel preparation adequacy and inadequacy were defined as BBPS ≥2 and BBPS <2, respectively. A total of 38523 images were extracted from 28 colonoscopy videos and split into 26966 images for training, 7704 for validation, and 3853 for testing. Two DCNNs were created using a Densenet-169 backbone in PyTorch library evaluating BBPS score and bowel preparation adequacy. We used Adam optimiser with an initial learning rate of 3 × 10−4 and a scheduler to decay the learning rate of each parameter group by 0.1 every 7 epochs along with focal loss as our criterion for both classifiers.

Results

The overall accuracy for BBPS subclassification and determination of adequacy was 91% and 98%, respectively. The accuracy for BBPS 0, BBPS 1, BBPS 2, and BBPS 3 was 84%, 91%, 85%, and 96%, respectively.

Conclusion

We developed DCCNs capable of assessing bowel preparation adequacy and scoring with a high degree of accuracy. However, this algorithm will require further research to assess its efficacy in real-time colonoscopy.
Investigation of the effect of Acai berry on the pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin, Alogliptin and Empagliflozin: a herb–drug interaction study
Authors: Nanjappan Satheesh Kumar , Somabattini Ravi Adinarayan , Ravichandiran Velayutham
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To explore the effect of Acai berry on the pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin (ATR), Alogliptin (ALO) and Empagliflozin (EMPA) in SD rats.

Method

Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups (n = 6). First three groups were treated with Acai berry (PO; 250 mg/kg); fourth, fifth and sixth groups received sodium CMC (vehicle) for 10 days and on eleventh day, first and fourth groups were administered with ATR (PO; 10 mg/kg); second and fifth groups with ALO (PO; 25 mg/kg) and third and sixth groups received EMPA (PO; 25 mg/kg).

Key findings

Co-intake of ATR with Acai berry resulted in slight decrease in Cmax from 41.78 to 34.65 ng/ml and AUC from 227.66 to 136.31 (µg/ml) *h, while there was an increase in the Cmax from 43.43 to 68.71 ng/ml and AUC from 117.6 to 207.1 (µg/ml) *h in ALO treated groups and Cmax from 173.99 to 250.1 ng/ml and AUC from 400.37 to 518.35 (µg/ml) *h in the EMPA-treated groups.

Conclusion

There was a significant change in the AUC0-t and Cmax of ATR, ALO and EMPA after co-administration with Acai berry. Further studies are recommended to confirm the clinical significance of these interactions.
NMR-derived secondary structure of the full-lengthOx40mRNA 3′UTR and its multivalent binding to the immunoregulatory RBP Roquin
Authors: Tants Jan-Niklas , Becker Lea Marie , McNicoll François , Müller-McNicoll Michaela , Schlundt Andreas
Published: March 2022

Control of posttranscriptional mRNA decay is a crucial determinant of cell homeostasis and differentiation. mRNA lifetime is governed by cis-regulatory elements in their 3′ untranslated regions (UTR). Despite ongoing progress in the identification of cis elements we have little knowledge about the functional and structural integration of multiple elements in 3′UTR regulatory hubs and their recognition by mRNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Structural analyses are complicated by inconsistent mapping and prediction of RNA fold, by dynamics, and size. We here, for the first time, provide the secondary structure of a complete mRNA 3′UTR. We use NMR spectroscopy in a divide-and-conquer strategy complemented with SAXS, In-line probing and SHAPE-seq applied to the 3′UTR of Ox40 mRNA, which encodes a T-cell co-receptor repressed by the protein Roquin. We provide contributions of RNA elements to Roquin-binding. The protein uses its extended bi-modal ROQ domain to sequentially engage in a 2:1 stoichiometry with a 3′UTR core motif. We observe differential binding of Roquin to decay elements depending on their structural embedment. Our data underpins the importance of studying RNA regulation in a full sequence and structural context. This study serves as a paradigm for an approach in analysing structured RNA-regulatory hubs and their binding by RBPs.
The Focus Theory of Hope
Authors: Chignell Andrew
Published: March 2022

Most elpistologists now agree that hope for a specific outcome involves more than just desire plus the presupposition that the outcome is possible. This paper argues that the additional element of hope is a disposition to focus on the desired outcome in a certain way. I first survey the debate about the nature of hope in the recent literature, offer objections to some important competing accounts, and describe and defend the view that hope involves a kind of focus or attention. I then suggest that this account makes sense of the intuitive thought that there are moral and pragmatic norms on hope that go beyond the norms on desires and modal presuppositions. I conclude by considering some key questions.
At the Crossroads of Salinity and Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis
Authors: Chakraborty Sanhita , Harris Jeanne M.
Published: March 2022

Legume roots interact with soil bacteria rhizobia to develop nodules, de novo symbiotic root organs that host these rhizobia and are mini factories of atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Nodulation is a sophisticated developmental process and is sensitive to several abiotic factors, salinity being one of them. While salinity influences both the free-living partners, symbiosis is more vulnerable than other aspects of plant and microbe physiology, and the symbiotic interaction is strongly impaired even under moderate salinity. In this review, we tease apart the various known components of rhizobium-legume symbiosis and how they interact with salt stress. We focus primarily on the initial stages of symbiosis since we have a greater mechanistic understanding of the interaction at these stages.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
The Association Between Illness Severity Scores and In-hospital Mortality After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Yuwapattanawong Kornkamon , Chanthima Phuriphong , Thamjamrassri Thanyalak , Keen Jade , Qiu Qian , Fong Christine , Robinson Ellen F. , Dhulipala Vasu B. , Walters Andrew M. , Athiraman Umeshkumar , Kim Louis J. , Vavilala Monica S. , Levitt Michael R. , Lele Abhijit V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to examine the association with in-hospital mortality of 8 illness severity scores in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods:

In a retrospective cohort study, we investigated the association with in-hospital mortality of admission Hunt and Hess (HH) score, Fisher grade, severity of illness and risk of mortality scores, and serial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score in patients with aSAH. We also explored the changes in GCS between admission and discharge using a multivariate model adjusting for age, clinical vasospasm, and external ventricular drain status.

Results:

Data from 480 patients with aSAH, of which 383 (79.8%) aneurysms were in the anterior circulation, were included in analysis. Patients were female (n=340, 70.8%) with a median age of 56 (interquartile range: 48 to 66) years. The majority (n=332, 69.2%) had admission HH score 3 to 5, Fisher grade 3 to 4 (n=437, 91%), median severity of illness 3 (range: 1 to 4), median risk of mortality 3 (range: 1 to 4), and median admission GCS of 13 (interquartile range: 7 to 15). Overall, 406 (84.6%) patients received an external ventricular drain, 469 (97.7%) underwent aneurysm repair, and 60 died (12.5%). Compared with admission HH score, GCS 24 hours after admission (area under the curve: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.88) and 24 hours after aneurysm repair (area under the curve: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82-0.90) were more likely to be associated with in-hospital mortality. Among those who died, the greatest decline in GCS was noted between 24 hours after aneurysm repair and discharge (−3.38 points, 95% CI: –4.17, −2.58).

Conclusions:

Compared with admission HH score, GCS 24 hours after admission (or 24 h after aneurysm repair) is more likely to be associated with in-hospital mortality after aSAH.
Increasing Prevalence and High Risk of Associated Anomalies in Congenital Vertebral Defects: A Population-based Study
Authors: Heiskanen Susanna , Syvänen Johanna , Helenius Ilkka , Kemppainen Teemu , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Gissler Mika , Raitio Arimatias
Published: March 2022

Background:

Congenital vertebral anomalies are a heterogeneous group of diagnoses, and studies on their epidemiology are sparse. Our aim was to investigate the national prevalence and mortality of these anomalies, and to identify associated anomalies.

Methods:

We conducted a population-based nationwide register study and identified all cases with congenital vertebral anomalies in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations from 1997 to 2016 including live births, stillbirths, and elective terminations of pregnancy because of major fetal anomalies. Cases were categorized based on the recorded diagnoses, associated major anomalies were analyzed, and prevalence and infant mortality were calculated.

Results:

We identified 255 cases of congenital vertebral anomalies. Of these, 92 (36%) were diagnosed with formation defects, 18 (7.1%) with segmentation defects, and 145 (57%) had mixed vertebral anomalies. Live birth prevalence was 1.89 per 10,000, and total prevalence was 2.20/10,000, with a significantly increasing trend over time (P<0.001). Overall infant mortality was 8.2% (18/219); 3.5% (3/86) in patients with formation defects, 5.6% (1/18) in segmentation defects, and 12.2% (14/115) in mixed vertebral anomalies (P=0.06). Co-occurring anomalies and syndromes were associated with increased mortality, P=0.006. Majority of the cases (82%) were associated with other major anomalies affecting most often the heart, limbs, and digestive system.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, the prevalence of congenital vertebral anomalies is increasing significantly in Finnish registers. Detailed and systematic examination is warranted in this patient population to identify underlying comorbidities as the majority of cases are associated with congenital major anomalies.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Establishing Clinically Significant Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Maheshwer Bhargavi , Polce Evan M. , Parvaresh Kevin C. , Paul Katlynn , Yanke Adam B. , Forsythe Brian , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Bach Bernard R. , Cole Brian J. , Verma Nikhil N. , Kogan Monica , Chahla Jorge
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to establish clinically significant outcome values for the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in the pediatric and adolescent populations and to assess factors that were associated with achieving these outcomes.

Methods:

Patients between the age of 10 to 21 who underwent ACLR between 2016 and 2018 were identified and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Intraoperative variables collected included graft choice, graft size (diameter), graft fixation method, and concomitant procedures. PROs collected for analysis were the International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). MCID and PASS were calculated using receiver operating characteristic with area under the curve analyses for delta (ie, baseline-to-postoperative change) and absolute postoperative PRO scores, respectively.

Results:

A total of 59 patients were included in the analysis. Of the entire study population, 53 (89.8%) reported satisfaction with their surgical outcome. The established MCID threshold values based on the study population were 33.3 for IKDC, 28.6 for (KOOS) Symptoms, 19.4 for Pain, 2.9 for activities of daily living (ADL), 45.0 for Sport, and 25.0 for Quality of Life (QoL). Postoperative scores greater than the following values corresponded to the PASS: 80.5 for IKDC, 75.0 (KOOS) Symptoms, 88.9 for Pain, 98.5 for ADL, 75.0 for Sport, and 68.8 for QoL.

Conclusion:

Clinically meaningful outcomes including MCID and PASS were established for pediatric ACLR surgery using selected PRO measures, IKDC, and KOOS. Patient age, sex, graft type, and graft size were not associated with greater achievement of these outcomes. In contrast, collision sports, fixed-object high-impact rotational landing sports, and concomitant meniscectomy surgery were associated with a decreased likelihood of achieving clinically significant improvement. However, findings must be interpreted with caution due to limitations in follow-up and sample size.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV: case series.
A Retrospective Look at a Cervical Spine Clearance Protocol in Pediatric Trauma Patients at a Level-1 Trauma Center
Authors: Bailey Ryan S. , Klein Robert , de Los Cobos Daniel , Geraud Simone , Puryear Aki
Published: March 2022

Background:

Adult studies have demonstrated the efficacy of written protocols for clearance of the cervical spine. However, less than half of recently surveyed pediatric trauma centers report using a documented protocol. Little data exists on such protocols in pediatric populations, but interest remains because of potential reductions in radiation exposure, time to clearance, hospital stay, and specialist referral. However, missed injury can have devastating consequences. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy in detecting injury of an implemented cervical spine clearance protocol at a level-1 pediatric trauma hospital.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed on pediatric patients presenting as activated traumas to the emergency department of a single level-1 pediatric trauma hospital between May 2010 and October 2018. This institution has utilized a written cervical spine clearance protocol throughout this time. Presence of cervical spine injury, documented clearance, cervical spine imaging, and follow-up documentation were reviewed for any missed injuries.

Results:

There were no missed cervical spine injuries. Five-hundred sixty-three clinically significant cervical spine injuries were identified, representing 16.5% of patients. Of these, 96 were fractures, dislocations, or ligamentous injuries, representing 2.8% of all patients. Most cervical spine clearances were performed by trauma surgery. Advanced imaging of the cervical spine was ordered for 43.2% of patients overall and trended down over time.

Conclusion:

Documented cervical spine clearance protocols are effective for detection of significant injury in pediatric trauma patients. This study suggests these protocols minimize risk of missed injury and may prevent unnecessary radiation exposure, delayed clearance, prolonged hospitalization, or unnecessary specialist referral.

Clinical Relevance:

Utilization of a standard written protocol for cervical spine clearance likely prevents missed injury and helps to minimize radiation exposure in pediatric populations. Further research is needed on evaluation and management of pediatric cervical spine trauma.
Importance of Physical Therapy Interventions for Medically Complex Patient With Severe COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Thomas Bini , Tabisz Joanna , Collins Kelly , Kim Ok Kyung , Gupte Sharmila
Published: March 2022

Introduction and Purpose:

The 2019 emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and associated medical complications of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, necessitated the development of safe and effective physical therapy (PT) interventions to treat this new patient population. The acuity of patients with COVID-19 resulted in intensive care unit (ICU)–acquired weakness and deconditioning. The purpose of this case study was to discuss the physical therapy contributions in treating a complex patient with COVID-19 who required venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.

Case Presentation:

This case report discusses a patient who was 34 years old with morbid obesity, in her third trimester of pregnancy, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The deteriorating respiratory status required the patient to have an emergent caesarean section, intubation, and ventilatory support.

Methods:

Worsening hypoxic respiratory failure and medical deterioration resulted in the initiation of ECMO. After 18 days, the patient was weaned off ECMO and medically cleared to initiate PT. Physical therapy interventions included positioning for airway clearance, bed mobility, transfer training, strengthening, mechanically assisted gait training, and patient education.

Results:

After 30 days, the patient was transferred back to the referring community hospital where she was subsequently weaned off oxygen support and discharged directly home.

Conclusion:

This case study outlines how initiating physical therapy interventions in the ICU in collaboration with other disciplines may have contributed to the functional recovery of a medically complex patient with COVID-19. Further research is recommended regarding early and collaborative interventions in the ICU for medically complex patients with COVID-19.
Outcomes and prognostic factors of cataract surgery in cytomegalovirus related anterior uveitis
Authors: Wan Kelvin H. , Liu Ke , Lam Nai Man , Chow Vanissa W.S.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate the outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis and factors associated with final visual outcome.

Setting:

A single tertiary academic hospital.

Design:

Retrospective case series.

Methods:

History, clinical characteristics, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), medications, and complications of CMV anterior uveitic eyes undergoing cataract surgery between 2010 to 2020 were reviewed.

Results:

This study included 26 eyes of 26 patients undergoing phacoemulsification. The median duration of disease was 4.8 years and the median quiescent period before surgery was 2.3 years. None required pupil manipulation or had significant intraoperative complications. The median CDVA improved from 20/100 (IQR 20/200-20/50) before surgery to 20/30 (IQR 20/40-20/25) at 1 year and 20/35 (IQR 20/50-20/30) at the last follow-up at a median of 4.9 years after surgery, respectively (p < 0.001). CDVA improved in 19 eyes (73.1%) and was ≥20/40 in 18 eyes (69.2 %). In the multivariate regression model, preoperative use of topical 0.15% ganciclovir (β 0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.48, p < 0.001) and adjunctive intraoperative intracameral dexamethasone 0.4mg (β 0.19, 95% CI 0.01-0.36, p = 0.043) were associated with a better final CDVA. Loss of CDVA and poor postoperative CDVA visual acuity were mostly attributed to uveitic glaucoma, but preoperative glaucoma or the number of anti-glaucoma medications did not affect final CDVA.

Conclusion:

Cataract surgery in eyes with CMV anterior uveitis was safe and CDVA significantly improved and remained sustained after surgery. Topical ganciclovir 0.15% preoperatively and intracameral corticosteroid intraoperatively appear to maximize the final visual outcome.
Predictability of pseudophakic refraction using patient-customized paraxial eye models
Authors: Chang Yu-Cherng , Cabot Florence , Heilman Bianca Maceo , Meza Larissa , Ruggeri Marco , Ho Arthur , Yoo Sonia H. , Parel Jean-Marie , Manns Fabrice
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

To determine whether patient-customized paraxial eye models that do not rely on exact ray tracing and do not consider aberrations can accurately predict pseudophakic refraction.

Setting:

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida.

Design:

Prospective study.

Methods:

Cataract surgery patients with and without a history of refractive surgery were included. Manifest refraction, corneal biometry, and extended-depth optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging were performed at least 1 month postoperatively. Corneal and OCT biometry were used to create paraxial eye models. The pseudophakic refraction simulated using the eye model was compared with measured refraction to calculate prediction error.

Results:

49 eyes of 33 patients were analyzed, of which 12 eyes from 9 patients had previous refractive surgery. In eyes without a history of refractive surgery, the mean prediction error was 0.08 ± 0.33 diopters (D), ranging from −0.56 to 0.79 D, and the mean absolute error was 0.27 ± 0.21 D. 31 eyes were within ±0.5 D, and 36 eyes were within ±0.75 D. In eyes with previous refractive surgery, the mean prediction error was −0.44 ± 0.58 D, ranging from −1.42 to 0.32 D, and the mean absolute error was 0.56 ± 0.46 D. 7 of 12 eyes were within ±0.5 D, 8 within ±0.75 D, and 10 within ±1 D. All eyes were within ±1.5 D.

Conclusions:

Accurate calculation of refraction in postcataract surgery patients can be performed using paraxial optics. Measurement uncertainties in ocular biometry are a primary source of residual prediction error.
Intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment for children and adolescents with chronic noncancer pain: a preregistered systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Claus Benedikt B. , Stahlschmidt Lorin , Dunford Emma , Major János , Harbeck-Weber Cynthia , Bhandari Rashmi Parekh , Baerveldt Ardith , Neß Verena , Grochowska Kamila , Hübner-Möhler Bettina , Zernikow Boris , Wager Julia
Published: March 2022

Chronic noncancer pain in children and adolescents can be impairing and results in substantial health care costs. Intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT), an inpatient or day hospital treatment delivered by a team of 3 or more health professionals, may be an effective intervention for these children and adolescents. Based on previous reviews and meta-analyses, we updated findings regarding the description of available treatments and estimated the effectiveness of IIPT, overcoming methodological shortcomings of previous work by requesting and analyzing individual participant data. On June 26, 2021, we searched 5 literature databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubPsych) for studies examining the effectiveness of IIPT. Included studies used a pre–post design, assessed patients younger than 22 years, and presented their results in English, German, French, or Spanish. We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane to pool treatment effects and assess risk of bias. We identified 13 different treatment sites with similar treatment inclusion criteria and treatment components, but the descriptions of those treatments varied widely. Regarding treatment effectiveness, IIPT may result in large improvements in the mean pain intensity (g = −1.28), disability (g = −1.91), and number of missed school days at the 12-month follow-up (g = −0.99), as well as moderate improvements in anxiety (g = −0.77) and depression (g = −0.76). The certainty of the evidence, however, was graded from very low to low. We recommend that future researchers use more scientific rigor to increase the certainty of the evidence for IIPT and standardize treatment outcomes for children and adolescents with chronic pain.
Effect of a delayed admission to the intensive care unit on survival after emergency department visit in patients with cancer: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Lucet Aude , Franchitti Jessica , Legay Léa , Milacic Hélène , Fontaine Jean-Paul , Ellouze Sami , Peyrony Olivier
Published: March 2022

Background and importance

Delayed admission to the ICU is reported to be associated with worse outcomes in cancer patients.

Objective

The main objective of this study was to compare the 180-day survival of cancer patients whether they were directly admitted to the ICU from the emergency department (ED) or secondarily from the wards after the ED visit.

Design, settings and participants

This was a retrospective observational study including all adult cancer patients that visited the ED in 2018 and that were admitted to the ICU at some point within 7 days from the ED visit.

Exposure

Delayed ICU admission.

Outcome measure and analysis

Survival at day 180 was plotted using Kaplan–Meier curves, and hazard ratio (HR) from Cox proportional-hazard models was used to quantify the association between admission modality (directly from the ED or later from wards) and survival at day 180, after adjustment to baseline characteristics.

Results

During the study period, 4560 patients were admitted to the hospital following an ED visit, among whom 136 (3%) patients had cancer and were admitted to the ICU, either directly from the ED in 101 (74%) cases or secondarily from the wards in 35 (26%) cases. Patients admitted to the ICU from the ED had a better 180-day survival than those admitted secondarily from wards (log-rank P = 0.006). After adjustment to disease status (remission or uncontrolled malignancy), survival at day 180 was significantly improved in the case of admission to the ICU directly from the ED with an adjusted HR of 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.26–0.95), P = 0.03.

Conclusion

In ED patients with cancer, a direct admission to the ICU was associated with better 180-day survival compared with patients with a delayed ICU admission secondary from the wards. However, several confounders were not taken into account, which limits the validity of this result.
HPV-negative Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PeIN) With Basaloid Features
Authors: Guerrero José , Trias Isabel , Veloza Luis , del Pino Marta , Garcia Adriana , Marimon Lorena , Diaz-Mercedes Sherley , Rodrigo-Calvo Maria T. , Alós Silvia , Ajami Tarek , Parra-Medina Rafael , Martinez Antonio , Reig Oscar , Ribal Maria J. , Corral-Molina Juan M. , Ordi Jaume , Ribera-Cortada Inmaculada , Rakislova Natalia
Published: March 2022

Most human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs) originate from an intraepithelial precursor called differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia, characterized by atypia limited to the basal layer with marked superficial maturation. Previous studies in vulvar cancer, which has a similar dual etiopathogenesis, have shown that about one fifth of HPV-independent precursors are morphologically indistinguishable from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), the precursor of HPV-asssociated carcinomas. However, such lesions have not been described in PSCC. From 2000 to 2021, 55 surgical specimens of PSCC were identified. In all cases, thorough morphologic evaluation, HPV DNA detection, and p16, p53, and Ki-67 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed. HPV-independent status was assigned based on both negative results for p16 IHC and HPV DNA. Thirty-six of the 55 PSCC (65%) were HPV-independent. An intraepithelial precursor was identified in 26/36 cases (72%). Five of them (19%) had basaloid features, morphologically indistinguishable from HPV-associated HSIL. The median age of the 5 patients was 74 years (range: 67 to 83 y). All 5 cases were p16 and DNA HPV-negative. Immunohistochemically, 3 cases showed an abnormal p53 pattern, and 2 showed wild-type p53 staining. The associated invasive carcinoma was basaloid in 4 cases and the usual (keratinizing) type in 1. In conclusion, a small proportion of HPV-independent PSCC may arise on adjacent intraepithelial lesions morphologically identical to HPV-associated HSIL. This unusual histologic pattern has not been previously characterized in detail in PSCC. p16 IHC is a valuable tool to identify these lesions and differentiate them from HPV-associated HSIL.
Similar But Different: Integrated Phylogenetic Analysis of Austrian and Swiss HIV-1 Sequences Reveal Differences in Transmission Patterns of the Local HIV-1 Epidemics
Authors: Kusejko Katharina , Tschumi Nadine , Chaudron Sandra E. , Nguyen Huyen , Battegay Manuel , Bernasconi Enos , Böni Jürg , Huber Michael , Calmy Alexandra , Cavassini Matthias , Egle Alexander , Grabmeier-Pfistershammer Katharina , Haas Bernhard , Hirsch Hans , Klimkait Thomas , Öllinger Angela , Perreau Matthieu , Ramette Alban , Flury Baharak Babouee , Sarcletti Mario , Scherrer Alexandra , Schmid Patrick , Yerly Sabine , Zangerle Robert , Günthard Huldrych F. , Kouyos Roger D. ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and the Austrian HIV Cohort Study
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

Phylogenetic analyses of 2 or more countries allow to detect differences in transmission dynamics of local HIV-1 epidemics beyond differences in demographic characteristics.

Methods:

A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was built using pol-sequences of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) and the Austrian HIV Cohort Study (AHIVCOS), with international background sequences. Three types of phylogenetic cherries (clusters of size 2) were analyzed further: (1) domestic cherries; (2) international cherries; and (3) SHCS/AHIVCOS-cherries. Transmission group and ethnicities observed within the cherries were compared with the respective distribution expected from a random distribution of patients on the phylogeny.

Results:

The demographic characteristics of the AHIVCOS (included patients: 3′141) and the SHCS (included patients: 12′902) are very similar. In the AHIVCOS, 36.5% of the patients were in domestic cherries, 8.3% in international cherries, and 7.0% in SHCS/AHIVCOS cherries. Similarly, in the SHCS, 43.0% of the patients were in domestic cherries, 8.2% in international cherries, and 1.7% in SHCS/AHIVCOS cherries. Although international cherries in the SHCS were dominated by heterosexuals with men who have sex with men being underrepresented, the opposite was the case for the AHIVCOS. In both cohorts, cherries with one patient belonging to the transmission group intravenous drug user and the other one non–intravenous drug user were underrepresented.

Conclusions:

In both cohorts, international HIV transmission plays a major role in the local epidemics, mostly driven by men who have sex with men in the AHIVOS, and by heterosexuals in the SHCS, highlighting the importance of international collaborations to understand global HIV transmission links on the way to eliminate HIV.