bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in Response to Calcium Fertilization among Four Runner‐Type Peanut Cultivars
Authors: Tillman Barry L. , Gomillion Mark W. , Person George , Mackowiak Cheryl L.
Published: March 2010

Seed quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is influenced by seed Ca concentration, which is known to be affected by seed size and soil Ca fertility during seed production. Little is known about soil Ca requirements for large‐seeded runner‐type cultivars or for late maturing peanut cultivars that display poor seed quality. This study was conducted to determine if excess Ca fertilization during seed production would improve the laboratory germination and/or seedling emergence of large‐seeded runner‐type peanut cultivars (‘C‐99R’ and ‘AP‐3’) and late‐maturing runner‐types (‘DP‐1’ and C‐99R). Trials were conducted near Marianna, FL, in 2005, 2006, and 2007 using four cultivars and four gypsum treatments (0, 784, 1568, and 2352 kg ha−1) to provide excess soil Ca. Pretreatment soil extractable (Mehlich‐1) Ca was 589 kg ha−1 in 2005, 811 kg ha−1 in 2006, and 848 kg ha−1 in 2007, all of which are above the recommended level. The cultivar average seed size (g/100 seeds) ranking was C‐99R > AP‐3 > DP‐1 > ‘Georgia Green’, whereas average seed Ca concentration (mg kg−1) ranked Georgia Green > AP‐3 = C‐99R > DP‐1. Cultivar seedling emergence ranking was Georgia Green = AP‐3 > C‐99R > DP‐1 and germination ranked Georgia Green = AP‐3 > C‐99R = DP‐1. These results suggest that the relatively poor emergence of DP‐1 may be, in part, related to its relatively low absorption of seed Ca during seed production. Emergence of C‐99R increased as Ca fertilization increased in 2005, but not in 2006 or 2007. These results suggest that seedling emergence of some large‐seeded cultivars, like C‐99R, may require greater gypsum fertilization if soil Ca levels are marginal during seed production.
Sweet Clover Termination Effects on Weeds, Soil Water, Soil Nitrogen, and Succeeding Wheat Yield
Authors: Blackshaw Robert E. , Molnar Louis J. , Moyer James R.
Published: March 2010

Farmers on the Canadian Prairies utilizing green manure sweet clover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.] are concerned about the increased risk of wind erosion when sweet clover is terminated by high soil disturbance methods. This study was conducted to determine if the merits of green manure sweet clover could be maintained in a reduced tillage system. Sweet clover was undersown in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Year 1 and then killed at the 80% flowering stage in Year 2 by mowing at a 30‐cm height and removing topgrowth as hay, mowing at a 30‐cm height and leaving residues on the soil surface, partial soil‐incorporation with an offset disk, or complete soil‐incorporation with a moldboard plow. Mowed sweet clover where the topgrowth was removed as hay often had more weeds than the other treatments but mowed sweet clover with residues left on the soil surface had similar or fewer weeds than disked sweet clover. Soil water content was similar with all sweet clover termination methods. Sweet clover hay resulted in 7 to 19% less available soil N than all other sweet clover treatments but mowed and disked sweet clover had similar soil N levels. Soil N was 21 to 33% greater with plowed sweet clover than with all other termination methods. Wheat yields were similar with mowed, disked, and plowed sweet clover in one experiment but were 14% lower with mowed sweet clover in a second experiment. Farmers contemplating switching to conservation tillage can be encouraged by these results indicating that mowed sweet clover with residues left on the soil surface and disked sweet clover provided similar benefits to the crop production system.
Soybean Iron‐Deficiency Chlorosis Tolerance and Yield Decrease on Calcareous Soils
Authors: Helms T. C. , Scott R. A. , Schapaugh W. T. , Goos R. J. , Franzen D. W. , Schlegel A. J.
Published: March 2010

Cultivar selection is one of the best ways to manage iron‐deficiency chlorosis (IDC) problems in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The objective was to determine if precision farming techniques of planting IDC‐tolerant cultivars in calcareous soil areas and high‐yielding cultivars in non‐IDC areas would increase soybean yield. We used paired sites within the same field. The sites were located in areas of a field where IDC was present and absent. The same commercial soybean cultivars were planted on the paired sites. Results showed that visual scores for IDC could not identify the highest‐yielding cultivar in IDC‐affected areas. If the only information available to growers is yield on non‐IDC sites and visual IDC ratings, then the yield of the whole field could be increased by planting two different cultivars. If yield data from replicated performance testing of numerous different cultiars was available for IDC sites and also for non‐IDC sites, then growers may be able to identify a single cultivar that has high yield across the entire field.
Measuring the Efficiency of Wheat Production of Western Australian Growers
Authors: Tozer Peter R.
Published: March 2010

Using stochastic frontier analysis, efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Western Australia was studied. The production function model used was a relatively simple input model, consisting of wheat yield, effective rainfall, fertilizer application rates, and year of study. Inefficiency was captured in a second model that incorporated machinery capital investment, opening equity level, and year of study. Data covered the production years 2004 through to 2007. The results demonstrated that inefficiency was present in wheat production in Western Australia and that inefficiency increased over the period from 18% in 2004 to 29% in 2007. Higher machinery investment per hectare and opening equity levels reduced inefficiency, due to producers having sufficient capacity, mechanical or financial, to adapt to variability within the production season. The results demonstrated the stochastic nature of efficiency and that for some firms improving efficiency may not be possible or feasible due to limitations within the firm. This also holds for firms that are relatively efficient in some years and that the reasons for the inefficiency are not necessarily production related, hence, programs targeted to improve efficiency may not be very successful. On the other hand firms that are consistently inefficient provide an ideal target audience for programs to improve efficiency. However, these programs must be conditioned on adequately identifying the source(s) of inefficiency and the producer having access to resources to increase efficiency. Similar analyses could be undertaken in different crops or different geographic locations, to identify if and why inefficiencies are present in other production systems.
Profitability of Cropping Systems Featuring Tillage and Compost
Authors: Singer Jeremy W. , Chase Craig A. , Kohler Keith A.
Published: March 2010

Productivity rather than profitability is often used to compare agronomic systems. The objective of this study was to compare profitability of moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no‐tillage with or without composted animal manure in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation during three rotation cycles. Corn and soybean grain and seed yield exhibited a tillage × compost amendment interaction. Yield in moldboard and chisel plow with or without compost was similar, but yield in no‐tillage with compost was 8 and 5% greater than without compost for corn and soybean. Wheat yielded 5% higher in moldboard and chisel plow than no‐tillage and 4% higher in compost than no‐compost amendment. Wheat returns were similar among tillage and 7% higher when compost was amended. Corn production with or without compost amendment had similar returns in moldboard plow. Corn in chisel plow with compost had 8% greater returns than the no‐compost treatment. Corn in no‐tillage with compost had 15% greater returns with compost amendment than without. Similar corn returns were generated for all tillage systems if compost was applied. Soybean production using no‐tillage had 9% greater returns than without compost and greater returns than moldboard and chisel plow with or without compost. Summing returns across the three‐crop rotation indicated cycling nutrients through compost application exhibits a functional synergy in no‐tillage and chisel plow but not moldboard plow for these crops, which enhances their profitability.
Energy Crops and Their Implications on Soil and Environment
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto
Published: March 2010

Interest in producing cellulosic ethanol from renewable energy sources is growing. Potential energy crops include row crops such as corn (Zea mays L.), perennial warm‐season grasses (WSGs), and short‐rotation woody crops (SRWCs). However, impacts of growing dedicated energy crops as biofuel on soil and environment have not been well documented. This article reviews the (i) impacts of growing WSGs and SRWCs on soil properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, and water quality, and (ii) performance of energy crops in marginal lands. Literature shows that excessive (≥50%) crop residue removal adversely impacts soil and environmental quality as well as crop yields. Growing WSGs and SRWCs can be potential alternatives to crop residue removal as biofuel. Warm‐season grasses and SRWCs can improve soil properties, reduce soil erosion, and sequester SOC. Crop residue removal reduces SOC concentration by 1 to 3 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in the top 10 cm, whereas growing WSGs and SRWCs increase SOC concentration while providing biofuel feedstocks. The WSGs can store SOC between 0 and 3 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the top 5 cm of soil, while the SRWCs can store between 0 and 1.6 Mg ha−1 yr−1 of SOC in the top 100 cm. The WSGs and SRWCs have more beneficial effects on soil and environment when grown in marginal lands than when grown in croplands or natural forests. Indeed, they can grow in nutrient‐depleted, compacted, poorly drained, acid, and eroded soils. Development of sustainable systems of WSGs and SRWCs in marginal lands is a high priority.
Single‐ and Twin‐Row Peanut Production within Narrow and Wide Strip Tillage Systems
Authors: Balkcom Kipling S. , Arriaga Francisco J. , Balkcom Kris B. , Boykin Deborah L.
Published: March 2010

Increased production costs and potential benefits of maintaining surface residue has renewed interest in conservation tillage systems for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. We determined surface residue cover from rye (Secale cereale L.) or oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crops after two strip tillage systems (narrow vs. wide) and planting operations with different row configurations (single vs. twin). We also compared plant populations, yields, and total sound mature kernels for three peanut cultivars (‘ANorden’, ‘AP‐3’, and ‘Georgia‐02C’) across each treatment combination. Seven site‐years were examined across similar soil types in Alabama and northern Florida during the 2004 to 2006 growing seasons. The highest surface residue counts were for the narrow tillage system planted in single rows. Final plant stands were influenced by an interaction between cultivar and row configuration, with ‘ANorden’ planted in single rows below recommended rates. Peanut yields were affected by strip tillage system and row configuration, but differences among cultivars were also observed. Twin‐row peanut yields were 5% greater than single‐row peanut yields in the narrow strip tillage system but were similar across strip tillage systems. Cultivars ‘AP‐3’ and ‘Georgia‐02C’ yielded 20% higher than ‘ANorden’. Total sound mature kernels were only affected by peanut cultivar, with the cultivar ‘Georgia‐02C’ producing the highest‐quality peanut, followed by ‘ANorden’ and ‘AP‐3’. These results indicate that growers interested in using twin rows for peanut production can also take advantage of a narrow strip tillage system that maximizes surface residue coverage and subsequent benefits.
A Sustainable Management Package to Improve Winter Wheat Production and Competition with Weeds
Authors: Beres Brian L. , Clayton George W. , Harker K. Neil , Stevenson F. Craig , Blackshaw Robert E. , Graf Robert J.
Published: March 2010

Advances in cultivar development and the demand for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as an ethanol feedstock has increased winter wheat acreage across the Canadian Prairies. A sustainable production package is required to maintain this renewed interest. Experiments were established in 2002–2004 at Lethbridge and Lacombe, AB, to determine cultivar, seeding rate, and herbicide effects on weed competition and crop yield. Treatments included a factorial combination of four contrasting cultivars (Radiant, CDC Osprey, CDC Falcon, and CDC Ptarmigan), three seeding rates (300, 450, and 600 seeds m−2), and two herbicide treatments (fall only or fall plus a spring in‐crop herbicide). CDC Ptarmigan yield was higher (12%) than the other cultivars. This was expected as CDC Ptarmigan has higher yield potential, but its ability to maintain high yields in the presence of weeds was unexpected. The yield of CDC Falcon and Radiant was similar, but CDC Falcon had inferior weed competitive ability, as shown by yield differences, relative to the other three cultivars. CDC Osprey yielded less than the other cultivars. Grain yield was reduced when planted at 600 seeds m−2 by 4%, but weed biomass was less (40%). Spring in‐crop herbicide application reduced weed biomass, but the extra application did not improve grain yield. These results suggest winter wheat yields can be maintained without added inputs of spring herbicides, and greater stability of yield, winter survival, and competitiveness will usually occur with increased seeding rates.
Manganese Response in Conventional and Glyphosate Resistant Soybean
Authors: Loecker Jami L. , Nelson Nathan O. , Gordon W. Barney , Maddux Larry D. , Janssen Keith A. , Schapaugh William T.
Published: March 2010

Glyphosate‐resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] is widely produced and provides many benefits to production agriculture, however, recent reports suggest that GR soybean genetics may result in reduced Mn uptake and increased response to Mn fertilization. The objective of this research was to determine response of GR and conventional (CV) soybean near‐isolines to Mn fertilization. The soybean near‐isoline pair KS4202 and K4202RR was planted at three locations and near‐isoline pair KS4602N and KS4602NRR was planted at two locations in a split‐block field study. Manganese treatments consisted of soil‐applied MnSO4at 0, 2.8, 5.6, and 8.4 kg Mn ha−1and foliar applied Mn‐glucoheptonate at 0.22 and 0.45 kg Mn ha−1Leaf tissue was analyzed for Mn at R1, R3, and R6 growth stages and seed was analyzed for Mn at harvest. Manganese concentrations in leaf tissue were above the critical value and were not affected by GR genetics at any location or growth stage. However, there were yield responses to Mn applications at three of the five locations. KS4202RR soybean yield increased by 800 and 275 kg ha−1with increasing Mn application rate at two locations when the near‐isoline KS4202 yield did not increase. In contrast, at the third responsive location KS4602NRR did not respond to Mn application when the near‐isoline KS4602N yield increased by 450 kg ha−1These results indicate that although soybean response to Mn is influenced by genetics, neither the Mn uptake nor the Mn responsiveness were conclusively affected by glyphosate‐resistance in soybean.
Maize Debris Increases Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Severity in North Carolina Winter Wheat
Authors: Cowger Christina , Weisz Randy , Anderson Joseph M. , Horton J. Ray
Published: March 2010

In the eastern United States, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is often planted with minimal or no tillage into maize (Zea mays L.) residues. We conducted a field experiment in the North Carolina Piedmont to compare the effects of three maize residue treatments (unchopped, chopped, and removed) on Fusarium head blight (FHB) in two winter wheat cultivars. While FHB levels were too low for meaningful comparisons, severe epidemics of barley/cereal yellow dwarf virus (YDV) did develop in 2 yr out of 3. In those 2 yr, YDV symptoms of discoloration and stunting were greater (P ≤ 0.001), and yield was lower (P ≤ 0.01), in plots with maize residue than in plots without maize residue. In the third year, when planting was late because of a severe fall drought, no YDV epidemic developed, and there were no differences in wheat yield due to maize residue treatment (P = 0.25). In the first 2 yr, leaf samples from all plots were assayed for viruses using a multiplexed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method. The most common YDV serotypes were MAV, PAV, and RPV, which were each detected in at least 46 and 74% of samples in the 2 yr, respectively. Our finding of greater YDV severity in association with surface residue is consistent with the reported aphid preference for high‐intensity yellow colors, which we hypothesize attracted aphids preferentially to residue‐covered plots in the fall. Our results support a recommendation of seed or seedling insecticide treatment when planting wheat into heavy unincorporated maize residue in the U.S. Piedmont.
Effects of Manure and Fertilizer Applications on Canola Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition
Authors: Gao Juan , Thelen Kurt D. , Min Doo‐Hong , Smith Stephanie , Hao Xinmei , Gehl Ron
Published: March 2010

Increasing fertilizer costs have resulted in more growers evaluating the use of alternative nutrient sources such as manure. Coincidentally, the questions about fertilizer effects on oil yield and oil fatty acid composition have been a concern. A 2‐yr study was conducted to investigate nutrient source (fertilizer urea plus S and manure) and N level (0, 84, and 168 kg N ha−1) effects on canola seed yield, total oil content, and oil composition at East Lansing and Chatham, MI. Results indicated nutrient applications were not necessary to increase canola yield (865–1991 kg ha−1) in fertile fields. However, N fertilizer appeared to reduce total oil content (444−536 mL kg−1), and at similar N levels, total oil content in canola with fertilizer was sometimes lower than that with manure application. Compared with the no nutrient control treatment, fertilizer application sometimes decreased linolenic acid (LN) content, and increased palmitic acid (P) and arachidic acid (A) at Chatham, while it appeared to decrease oleic acid (O) and increase P, linoleic (L) and A at East Lansing. Fertilizer applications often increased canola total saturated fatty acid content (6.80–8.32%) and decreased ratio of O/(L+LN) (2.04–2.52). Manure application had milder effects on oil composition than fertilizer application. Compared with less N (84 kg N ha−1) applications, greater N level (168 kg N ha−1) tended to lower oil quality by increasing total saturated fatty acid content and decreasing the O/(L+LN) ratio.
Intercropping Corn and Kura Clover: Response to Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Sawyer John E. , Pedersen Palle , Barker Daniel W. , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A. , Albrecht Kenneth
Published: March 2010

Nitrogen fertilizer is an important input for corn (Zea mays L.) production and leaching losses contribute to NO3–N in water systems. This study was conducted to determine whether a kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) intercropped corn system could reduce corn N fertilization need and NO3–N in the soil profile, while maintaining corn productivity. Two systems were studied at six sites in Iowa, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]‐corn intercropped with established kura clover and soybean‐corn without kura clover. Six N fertilizer rates were applied to corn in each system. Excessive kura clover competition caused reduced corn population, delayed development, and reduced grain yield in 2006. More vigorous kura clover growth suppression in 2007 resulted in similar yield between the kura clover and no‐kura clover systems, with greater yield in the intercropped kura clover at a site with coarse‐textured soil. The kura clover system did not reduce corn N fertilization requirement, as measured by response in plant N stress and grain yield. The kura clover also did not influence NO3–N in the soil profile before, during, or after the growing season. These results differ from other studies where kura clover intercropping has reduced corn N fertilization need and not reduced corn yield. Intercropping corn with kura clover posed the challenge of sufficiently suppressing the clover to allow successful corn establishment and production, and in addition did not provide potential benefits such as reduced N fertilization requirement or less NO3–N in the soil profile.
Performance of Annual and Perennial Biofuel Crops: Nutrient Removal during the First Two Years
Authors: Propheter Jonathan L. , Staggenborg Scott
Published: March 2010

Nutrient removal is an important factor that must be considered in lignocellulosic fuel production. This study was conducted to determine the macronutrient (N, P, and K) composition of grain and stover, as well as the nutrient removal in grain, stover, and total biomass of annual and perennial C4 crops in northeast Kansas in 2007 and 2008. Crops studied were corn (Zea mays L.) grown continuously or rotated with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]; five sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars, brown midrib (bmr), photoperiod sensitive, sweet, and two dual‐purpose forage cultivars; and three perennial warm‐season grasses, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), and Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus). Perennial grass yields were from the first two harvests after establishment. Yields and total nutrient removal rates were greater for annual crops than for perennial grasses. Perennial grass nutrient concentrations were greatest in the establishment year (2007). Perennial grass yields increased from 2007 to 2008, but nutrient removal was not affected by the yield increase. Grain nutrient removal rates were greatest for corn even though nutrient concentrations were less than or equal to those for sorghum grain. Total nutrient removal rates were most affected by biomass yield and soil test P levels. Total K removal was greatest for the photoperiod‐sensitive, sweet, and dual‐purpose forage sorghum cultivars. These results indicate that higher annual crop yields will remove more nutrients than perennial grasses during the grass establishment period.
Rare Bilateral Nasopalatine Duct Cysts: A Case Report
Authors: Cicciù Marco , Battista Grossi Giovanni , Borgonovo Andrea , Santoro Giacomo , Pallotti Francesco , Maiorana Carlo
Published: March 2010

The nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC) is the most common of the non-odontogenic cyst of the jaws. This cysts are usually central or unilateral with no prevalence of side occurrence. The NPDC is the most frequent developmental, nonodontogenic cyst of the jaws. This cyst originates from epithelial remnants from the nasopalatine duct. The cells could be activated spontaneously during life, or are eventually stimulated by the irritating action of various agents (infection, etc.). Generally, patients present without clinical signs and symptoms. Therefore, the tentative diagnosis "nasopalatine duct cyst" is often based on a coincidental radiological finding on a routine panoramic view or occlusal radiograph. The definite diagnosis should be based on clinical, radiological and above all histopathologic findings. The therapy of nasopalatine duct cysts consists of an enucleation of the cystic tissue, only in rare cases a marsupialization needs to be performed. This report describes the appearance and treatment of a rare case of bilateral nasopalatine duct cyst.
Significance of LRP and PPAR-γ Expression in Lipomatous Soft Tissue Tumors
Authors: Tajima Takashi , Morii Takeshi , Kikuchi Fumihito , Matsumine Akihiko , Murata Hiroaki , Nobuto Hiroo , Mochizuki Kazuo
Published: March 2010

Background:

Molecular mechanism of differentiation in lipogenic tumor is still unknown in detail. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), representative regulatory molecules of lipogenic differentiation, have been reported today as multi-functional molecules and to modulate tumorigenesis in various kind of cancer. To date, diagnostic and therapeutic significance of the expression of these molecules in lipogenic tumors are not defined.

Methods:

The immunohistochemical expression status of LRP and PPAR-γ in various grades of 54 lipogenic tumors was analyzed. Correlation between the expression levels and the differentiation of the tumors was confirmed. Forstatistical analyses, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Steel-Dwass test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used.

Results:

LRP and PPAR-γ expression was detected in 50 (92.6%) and 44 (81.5%) cases, respectively. The expression level in LRP was significantly higher in cases with well differentiated liposarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma than in lipoma. Compared with lipoma or well differentiated liposarcoma, significant elevation in expression level of PPAR-γ was confirmed in myxoid liposarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma and the differentiated area of dedifferentiated liposarcoma.

Conclusion:

The up-regulation of LRP and PPAR-γ in higher grade cases, i.e. less differentiated tumors than in low grade cases was shown, suggesting the candidate role of these molecules as tumor progression modulators rather than regulatory molecules of differentiation in lipogenic tumors.
Minimum Two-Year Follow-Up of Cases with Recurrent Disc Herniation Treated with Microdiscectomy and Posterior Dynamic Transpedicular Stabilisation
Authors: Kaner Tuncay , Sasani Mehdi , Oktenoglu Tunc , Aydin Ahmet Levent , Ozer Ali Fahir
Published: March 2010

The objective of this article is to evaluate two-year clinical and radiological follow-up results for patients who were treated with microdiscectomy and posterior dynamic transpedicular stabilisation (PDTS) due to recurrent disc herniation. This article is a prospective clinical study. We conducted microdiscectomy and PDTS (using a cosmic dynamic screw-rod system) in 40 cases (23 males, 17 females) with a diagnosis of recurrent disc herniation. Mean age of included patients was 48.92 ± 12.18 years (range: 21-73 years). Patients were clinically and radiologically evaluated for follow-up for at least two years. Patients’ postoperative clinical results and radiological outcomes were evaluated during the 3rd, 12th, and 24th months after surgery. Forty patients who underwent microdiscectomy and PDTS were followed for a mean of 41 months (range: 24-63 months). Both the Oswestry and VAS scores showed significant improvements two years postoperatively in comparison to preoperative scores (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between any of the three measured radiological parameters (α, LL, IVS) after two years of follow-up (p > 0.05). New recurrent disc herniations were not observed during follow-up in any of the patients. We observed complications in two patients. Performing microdiscectomy and PDTS after recurrent disc herniation can decrease the risk of postoperative segmental instability. This approach reduces the frequency of failed back syndrome with low back pain and sciatica.
Nip, Tuck and Click: Medical Tourism and the Emergence of Web-Based Health Information
Authors: Lunt Neil , Hardey Mariann , Mannion Russell
Published: March 2010

An emerging trend is what has become commonly known as ‘Medical Tourism’ where patients travel to overseas destinations for specialised surgical treatments and other forms of medical care. With the rise of more affordable cross-border travel and rapid technological developments these movements are becoming more commonplace. A key driver is the platform provided by the internet for gaining access to healthcare information and advertising. There has been relatively little attention given to the role and impact of web-based information to inform Medical Tourism decisions.

This article provides a brief overview of the most recent development in Medical Tourism and examines how this is linked to the emergence of specialized internet web sites. It produces a summary of the functionality of medical tourist sites, and situates Medical Tourism informatics within the broader literatures relating to information search, information quality and decision-making.

This paper is both a call to strengthen the empirical evidence in this area, and also to advocate integrating Medical Tourism research within a broader conceptual framework.
Bone Mineral Content in Patients with Anaphylactic Reactions, Signs of Mastocytosis and Elevated Basal Serum Tryptase Levels
Authors: Bucher Christoph , Uebelhart Daniel , Wüthrich Brunello , Swanenburg Jaap , Goerres Gerhard W.
Published: March 2010

Introduction:

To examine the relationship between elevated basal serum tryptase levels (BST), a marker of total mast cell
mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with anaphylactic reactions and signs of mastocytosis.

Methods:

Retrospective evaluation of patient charts at an allergy unit. Patients with BST levels above 20 ng/ml were eligible
if clinical and follow-up data and results of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were available. Patients with previous
use of anti-osteoporotic medications and with osteoporosis not caused by mastocytosis were excluded. Spearman’s rank
correlation, Mann-Whitney test and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used for analysis.

Results:

24 patients were included. The main presenting symptom (17 of 24 patients) was anaphylactic reactions to insect
stings. BST levels ranged between 21 and 158 ng/ml (median 48 ng/ml). Study participants with Z-score values below -
1.0 had a median BST level of 46 ng/ml, the patients with Z-score values above or equal to -1.0 had a median BST level
of 27 ng/ml. ROC analysis of the patient group with BST values between 30 and 100 ng/ml revealed a best cut-off value
of BST to detect a low BMD when BST level would be at least 27 ng/ml resulting in a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity
of 70%.

Conclusion:

Patients with moderately elevated BST levels seem to be at increased risk for low BMD.
Microfinance, Commercialization and Ethics
Authors: Schmidt Reinhard H.
Published: March 2010

This paper discusses the so‐called commercial approach to microfinance under economic and ethical aspects. It first shows how microfinance has developed from a purely welfare‐oriented activity to a commercially relevant line of banking business. The background of this stunning success is the almost universal adoption of the commercial approach to microfinance in the course of the last decade. The author argues that this commercial approach is the only sound approach to adopt if microfinance is to have any social and developmental impact. Therefore, the wide‐spread “moralistic” criticism of the commercial approach, which was expressed again and again in the 1990s, is ill‐placed from an economic and an ethical perspective. However, some recent events in microfinance raise questions as to whether the commercial approach, in a number of cases, has gone too far. The evident example for such a development is Compartamos, the Mexican microfinance institution which recently undertook a financially extremely successful IPO. Therefore it seems that some microfinance institutions have become so radically commercial that the social and developmental considerations, which have traditionally motivated microfinance, may have lost their importance. Thus there is clearly a conflict between commercial and developmental aspirations. However, this conflict is not inevitable. The paper concludes by showing how a microfinance institution can try to use the strengths of the capital market while maintaining its developmental focus and importance.
Cancer Care of American Indians and Alaska Natives and Other Racial Groups Enrolled in Public and Private Insurance Plans
Authors: Ramsey Scott D , Zeliadt Steven B , Blough David K , Lopez Kerri , Buchwald Dedra
Published: March 2010

Objectives. To compare cancer care among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) patients with other racial groups. Methods. We used Washington State cancer registry records to identify 33,624 patients < age 65 diagnosed with local and regional stage breast, colorectal, and lung cancer from 1997 to 2003. Records were linked with regional tribal registry and Medicaid records to identify AIAN. Results. Enrollment in Medicaid at or after diagnosis was 50% for AIAN, 34% for Hispanic, 33% for black, and 18% for Asian/Pacific Islander compared to 13% of white cancer patients. AIAN were equally as likely as whites and other minority groups to receive surgery for breast and colorectal cancer, but significantly less likely (OR = 0.67) to receive surgery for lung cancer. Medicaid patients in general were less likely to receive surgery within 2 months of diagnosis, but AIAN were no less likely to receive timely surgery compared to other racial groups. Conclusion. AIAN rely more heavily than other racial groups on Medicaid for insurance after they are diagnosed with cancer. Issues associated with Medicaid enrollment, as well as non‐insurance related factors may account for delays in time to surgery and lower rates of lung cancer surgery among AIAN.
Poverty and Deprivation in Young and Old: A Comparative Study of Australia and Japan
Authors: Saunders Peter , Abe Aya
Published: March 2010

This paper compares the well‐being of children and older people within and between Australia and Japan using as of indicators of disadvantage income poverty rates, deprivation (defined as an enforced lack of socially perceived necessities) and consistent poverty (the combination of poverty and deprivation). Information on these three indicators is derived from two national surveys that were used to generate a set of comparable measures. The results indicate that conclusions about the extent of disadvantage and the ranking of children and older people within each country (and between them) are heavily dependent on the choice of indicator. The deprivation results confirm that the approach can be applied comparatively and is capable of producing credible and robust findings. Whether viewed in isolation or in combination with conventional poverty measures, the results indicate that the main factor that determines the risk of deprivation is living alone (or as a sole parent) rather than age or the presence of children. The results also imply that the findings and implications of studies of policy impact will be sensitive to the choice of indicator used to identify disadvantage.
Health Care in America, and Everywhere Else: A Review Essay
Authors: Skidmore Max J.
Published: March 2010

Max J. Skidmore analyzes the history of health care policies in America, and reviews T. R Reid's (2009) The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper, and Fairer Health Care.
Poverty of Culture
Authors: Mohan Brij
Published: March 2010

The author presents research in progress, exploring the Poverty of Culture as a refutation of the mythical ‘cycle of poverty’ sustained by the older Culture of Poverty.
Demystifying Social Security Financing and the General Fund
Authors: Altman Nancy J.
Published: March 2010

Warning of the danger from the unified budget approach, the distinguished analyst of Social Security, Nancy J. Altman, last December issued a statement to the National Academy of Social Insurance. Poverty and Public Poverty now presents her cogent explanation of the issues and clarification of the threat on the following pages.
Acoustic attenuation in ferroelectric Sn2P2S6 crystals
Authors: Kohutych Anton , Yevych Ruslan , Perechinskii Sergij , Vysochanskii Yulian
Published: March 2010

The temperature and frequency dependencies of sound attenuation for the proper uniaxial ferroelectric Sn2P2S6, which has a strong nonlinear interaction of the polar soft optic and fully symmetrical optic modes that is related to the triple well potential, were studied by Brillouin spectroscopy. It was found that the sound velocity anomaly is described in the Landau-Khalatnikov approximation with one relaxation time. For explanation of the observed temperature and frequency dependencies of the sound attenuation in the ferroelectrric phase, the accounting of several relaxation times is needed and, for quantitative calculations, the mode Gruneisen coefficients are more appropriate as interacting parameters than are the electrostrictive coefficients. Relaxational sound attenuation by domain walls also appears in the ferroelectric phase of Sn2P2S6 crystals.
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
Authors: Cojocaru Manole , Cojocaru Inimioara , Silosi Isabela , Vrabie Camelia
Published: March 2010

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

The autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare disease. ALPS is an inherited condition that affects both sexes. ALPS is not cancer, it is not infectious, and its incidence has not yet been estimated. ALPS generally does not lead to death and most individuals with ALPS are able to live normal lives. ALPS is a disorder associated with abnormal lymphocyte apoptosis, lymphoproliferation, and autoimmunity. Serologic testing is critical in the evaluation of these individuals. Lymphoproliferation in ALPS patients is generally benign, but they are at increased risk for the development of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is characterized by massive lymphoadenopathy, splenomegaly, autoimmunity including episodes of immune hemolityc anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. ALPS patients have lymphocytosis and a number of lymphocyte abnormalities, including the marked expansion of T lymphocytes that express alpha/beta T-cell receptors, but neither CD4 nor CD8 surface markers (TCR alpha/beta+; CD4-; CD8- cells).
Effects of a 6-Week, Individualized, Supervised Exercise Program for People With Bleeding Disorders and Hemophilic Arthritis
Authors: Mulvany Ruth , Zucker-Levin Audrey R. , Jeng Michael , Joyce Catherine , Tuller Janet , Rose Jonathan M. , Dugdale Marion
Published: March 2010

Background

People with bleeding disorders may develop severe arthritis due to joint hemorrhages. Exercise is recommended for people with bleeding disorders, but guidelines are vague and few studies document efficacy. In this study, 65% of people with bleeding disorders surveyed reported participating in minimal exercise, and 50% indicated a fear of exercise-induced bleeding, pain, or physical impairment.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a professionally designed, individualized, supervised exercise program for people with bleeding disorders.

Design

A single-group, pretest-posttest clinical design was used.

Methods

Thirty-three patients (3 female, 30 male; 7–57 years of age) with mild to severe bleeding disorders were enrolled in the study. Twelve patients had co-existing illnesses, including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, diabetes, fibromyalgia, neurofibromatosis, osteopenia, osteogenesis imperfecta, or cancer. Pre- and post-program measures included upper- and lower-extremity strength (force-generating capacity), joint range of motion, joint and extremity circumference, and distance walked in 6 minutes. Each patient was prescribed a 6-week, twice-weekly, individualized, supervised exercise program. Twenty participants (61%) completed the program.

Results

Pre- and post-program data were analyzed by paired t tests for all participants who completed the program. No exercise-induced injuries, pain, edema, or bleeding episodes were reported. Significant improvements occurred in joint motion, strength, and distance walked in 6 minutes, with no change in joint circumference. The greatest gains were among the individuals with the most severe joint damage and coexisting illness.

Limitations

Limitations included a small sample size with concomitant disease, which is common to the population, and a nonblinded examiner.

Conclusions

A professionally designed and supervised, individualized exercise program is feasible, safe, and beneficial for people with bleeding disorders, even in the presence of concomitant disease. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size, a blinded examiner, and a control group is needed to confirm the results.
What rough beast? Synthetic biology, uncertainty, and the future of biosecurity
Authors: Mukunda Gautam , Oye Kenneth A. , Mohr Scott C.
Published: March 2010

Synthetic biology seeks to create modular biological parts that can be assembled into useful devices, allowing the modification of biological systems with greater reliability, at lower cost, with greater speed, and by a larger pool of people than has been the case with traditional genetic engineering. We assess the offensive and defensive security implications of synthetic biology based on the insights of leading synthetic biologists into how the technology may develop, the projections of practicing biosecurity authorities on changes in the security context and potential security applications of synthetic biology, and joint appraisals of policy relevant sources of uncertainty. Synthetic biology appears to have minimal security implications in the near term, create modest offensive advantages in the medium term, and strengthen defensive capabilities against natural and engineered biological threats and enable novel potential offensive uses in the long term. To maximize defensive and minimize offensive effects of synthetic biology despite uncertainty, this essay suggests a combination of policy approaches, including community-based efforts, regulation and surveillance, further research, and the deliberate design of security and safety features into the technology.
Debating restrictions on embryonic stem cell research: An experimental study of online deliberation and political emotion
Authors: McClain Colleen
Published: March 2010

This study investigates the emotional and behavioral effects of interpersonal online communication, focusing on the controversy surrounding the loosening of restrictions on human embryonic stem cell research. The issue, central to national and statewide elections in 2008, generated heated debate among candidates and voters and evoked strong emotional sentiments among partisans. Using the theory of affective intelligence, this study proposes a predictive model connecting levels of enthusiasm and anxiety with behavioral and information-seeking outcomes. Cognitive appraisal theory is also employed to provide a role for political emotion in accounting for interactive media effects. To investigate the ways that online deliberation may influence discussions surrounding stem cell research, a between-subjects experimental study was conducted that systematically varied the tone of feedback received (reinforcing or challenging) and type of interaction (synchronous or asynchronous) experienced by users. Results indicate that emotional responses play a significant role in predicting behavioral intentions arising from the user-to-user interactive experience.
Non-native English–Speaking Teachers' Negotiations of Program Discourses in Their Construction of Professional Identities within a TESOL Program
Authors: Ilieva Roumi
Published: March 2010

The professional identity of language teachers has gained prominence in research on language instruction in the last decade. This article adds to work by critically exploring how teacher education programs allow non-native English–speaking teachers (NNESTs) to construct positive professional identities and become pro-active educators. It reports on a study of the discursive constructions of professional identities that 20 NNES pre-service teachers developed within a Master of Education TESOL program for international students in a Canadian university. Drawing on post-structural and sociocultural understandings of identity, the article offers a Bakhtinian analysis of the negotiations and dialogical appropriations of authoritative program discourses that these pre-service NNESTs reflected upon in portfolios summarizing their learning in the program. The article concludes by describing the implications of this research for TESOL and cost-recovery international programs in British, Australian, and North American universities.
Penteor Slope? Using Student Voices to Explore Program Choice and Experiences in Secondary French Immersion Mathematics
Authors: Culligan Karla
Published: March 2010

This phenomenological study explores students’ decision-making about whether to remain in an optional French immersion (FI) mathematics course in Grade 11, as well as students’ subsequent experiences in their mathematics course of choice. Interview data were collected from 10 students who remained in FI mathematics and from six students who did not. The data suggest that for both groups, the decision involves the perceived importance of the FI program, worry and anxiety, and input from parents and others. For students who continued in FI mathematics, reported experiences in the course focused on learning mathematics in the L2, speaking French, use of the L1, and general difficulties. For those who pursued mathematics in English, the reported experiences centred on the transition period and the differences between mathematics in the L1 and the L2.
Extensive dural sinus thrombosis: successful recanalization with thrombolysis and a novel thrombectomy device
Authors: Blackham Kristine A.
Published: March 2010

The author presents a novel endovascular treatment approach to extensive dural venous sinus thrombosis using the Penumbra clot aspiration system and local administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. The clinical course, technical treatment aspects, and follow-up are described.
Accumulation of CD133-positive glioma cells after high-dose irradiation by Gamma Knife surgery plus external beam radiation
Authors: Tamura Kaoru , Aoyagi Masaru , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Ando Noboru , Nariai Tadashi , Yamamoto Masaaki , Ohno Kikuo
Published: March 2010

Object

Recent evidence suggests that a glioma stem cell subpopulation might contribute to radioresistance in malignant gliomas. To investigate this hypothesis, the authors examined recurrent malignant gliomas for histopathological changes after high-dose irradiation with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Methods

Thirty-two patients with malignant gliomas (Grade 3 in 8 patients, Grade 4 in 24) underwent GKS in combination with EBRT. Serial MR and L-[methyl-11C] methionine PET images were employed to assess remnant or recurrent tumors after GKS. Twelve patients underwent surgical removal after GKS and EBRT. Histological sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry for MIB-1, factor VIII, and stem cell markers, nestin and CD133.

Results

The site of GKS treatment failure was local in 16 (76.2%) of 21 patients with glioblastomas showing progression; in 9 of these 16 patients, the recurrence clearly arose within the target lesion of GKS. Histopathological examination after GKS and EBRT showed variable mixtures of viable tumor tissues and necrosis. Viable tumor tissues exhibited high MIB-1 indices but reduced numbers of tumor blood vessels. There was marked accumulation of CD133-positive glioma cells, particularly in remnant tumors within the necrotic areas, in sections obtained after GKS plus EBRT, whereas CD133-positive cells appeared very infrequently in primary sections prior to adjuvant treatment.

Conclusions

The results indicate that CD133-positive glioma stemlike cells can survive high-dose irradiation, leading to recurrence, despite prolonged damage to tumor blood vessels. This could be an essential factor limiting the effectiveness of GKS plus EBRT for malignant gliomas.
The Maisonneuve Injury: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kalyani Bharati S. , Roberts Craig S. , Giannoudis Peter V.
Published: March 2010

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Describe the pathoanatomy of Maisonneuve injuries.

2.

Discuss the various mechanisms of injury that can cause Maisonneuve injuries.

3.

Explain the various treatment options available.

4.

Identify the common complications of Maisonneuve injuries.