bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Caint na ndaoine”. The Irish Language as a Precedent for Standardisation
Authors: Ritchie Carlo James Waskowski
Published: December 2016

“Caint na ndaoine”. The Irish Language as a Precedent for StandardisationCritics of the standardisation of the Irish language argue that the “modernisation” of the Irish orthography has been detrimental to the preservation of the various dialects that form native spoken Irish. The effects of standardisation on Irish consequently form an important precedent for language standardisation. The potential alienation of a language’s native speakers is an outcome of standardisation that is obviously destructive for a language community that exists in a minority. The issues that surround the movement for a standardised Plattdeutsch are similar to those faced in the standardisation of Modern Irish. Since the recognition by the European Union of Low German (Plattdeutsch) as a regional language in 1998, there has been newfound momentum in the movement for its reestablishment as a unified language of Northern Germany. One of the great difficulties of this movement however is the lack of any universal orthography due to the separate nature of the language’s dialects. Given the sociolinguistic similarities of these two (albeit unrelated languages), a study of the effects of the standardisation of Irish is useful for an assessment of the possibility of a standardised Plattdeutsch. “Caint na ndaoine”. Język irlandzki jako precedens standaryzacjiKrytycy procesu standaryzacji języka irlandzkiego uważają, że „modernizacja” irlandzkiej ortografii zaszkodziła ochronie wielu dialektów składających się na oralny język natywnych Irlandczyków. Skutki standaryzacji irlandzkiego stanowią więc ważny precedens standaryzacji języków. Możliwe wyobcowanie natywnych użytkowników języka jest w oczywisty sposób destrukcyjnym dla trwania wspólnoty mniejszościowej rezultatem procesu standaryzacji. Zagadnienia towarzyszące ruchowi na rzecz standaryzacji języka dolnoniemieckiego są podobne do problemów standaryzacji, wobec których stanął współczesny irlandzki. Uznanie przez Unię Europejską dolnoniemieckiego (Plattdeutsch) jako języka regionalnego w 1998 dało nową siłę ruchowi na rzecz ustanowienia go ujednoliconym językiem północnych Niemiec. Jedną z wielkich trudności tego procesu jest brak uniwersalnej ortografii, co wynika z różnorodności dialektów tego języka. Zważywszy na socjolingwistyczne podobieństwo tych dwóch (niespokrewnionych ze sobą) języków, studium efektów standaryzacji języka irlandzkiego jest użyteczne dla oceny możliwości standaryzacji dolnoniemieckiego.
On the Roman Concept of Natio
Authors: Kočovska-Stevović Svetlana
Published: December 2016

On the Roman Concept of NatioThe aim of this paper is to examine the Roman concept of natio: what did the ancient Romans mean by it, in what sense did they use the term and how does the ancient Roman concept of natio differ from the modern concept of nation? The study is based on a corpus of Latin texts that belong to different periods and different genres. The earliest usages date back to the third century BC and the latest ones to the late second century AD. The texts that form the main source of data derive from the so-called Ciceronian age of Latin literature (81–43 BC). The study shows that the Roman concept of natio differed in many respects from the modern concept of nation. For the Romans, natio was primarily a collective term for a tribal community of foreigners who were tied together by the place of birth, but who were not organized into a politically recognized entity. The term was also used pejoratively to denigrate communities of people derided for their common values, interests and activities, as well as a term which referred to the place of origin of a product. O rzymskim pojęciu natioCelem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza pojęcia natio w ujęciu starożytnych Rzymian. Spróbuję zastanowić się, jak rozumieli ten termin starożytni Rzymianie, jak go używali i czym różni się ich koncepcja natio od nowoczesnego rozumienia narodu? Swoje badanie opieram na korpusie tekstów łacińskich należących do różnych okresów i reprezentujących różne gatunki. Najstarsze użycia terminu są datowane na trzeci wiek przed narodzeniem Chrystusa, a najnowsze pochodzą z drugiego wieku naszej ery. Główny korpus tekstów powstał w tak zwanym cycerońskim okresie literatury łacińskiej (81–43 rok przed naszą erą). Analiza potwierdza istotną różnicę między rzymską koncepcją natio a nowoczesnym rozumieniem narodu. Dla starożytnych Rzymian natio był przede wszystkim terminem zbiorczym opisującym plemienną społeczność cudzoziemców powiązanych wspólnym miejscem urodzenia, ale nie zorganizowanych w politycznie uznaną całość. Termin był także używany w znaczeniu pejoratywnym, degradującym wspólnoty wyśmiewane z powodu ich wartości, zainteresowań i działań, jak również jako termin, który odnosił się do miejsca pochodzenia produktu.
Challenges to Ethnos (έθνος) in a Global Society
Authors: Demosthenous Areti
Published: December 2016

Challenges to Ethnos (έθνος) in a Global SocietyEthnos is a broad term, often understood as an element in nation making, or else an umbrella term for the processes of building the modern nation. The academic discussion around ethnos nowadays is being challenged not only by the principles of globalization, and with them a possibility of a global village, where nations will or will not have an important role, but also the efforts to establish states based on faith and strong ideology on the part of some right wing parties or the supporters of the Muslim caliphate. This article presents a short study on the problems created by globalization and discusses the parameters of possible influences imposed on the nation by world coalitions and associations. It addresses questions like: Can the nation survive in a globalized society? What kinds of nations might be developed in the future? Is the Greek ethnos compatible with these developments? What is the relation of radicalization and terrorism to nation building? Ethnos (έθνος) a wyzwania społeczeństwa globalnegoEthnos jest terminem o szerokim zakresie semantycznym, zwykle rozumianym jako jeden z elementów, z których konstruuje się naród, albo przeciwnie jako termin-worek na określenie procesu budowy nowoczesnego narodu. Dzisiejsze dyskusje naukowe wokół terminu ethnos odbywają się w obliczu wyzwań związanych nie tylko z potencjalną globalną wioską, w której narody mogą odgrywać ważną rolę lub też jej nie odgrywać, lecz również z podejmowanymi przez partie prawicowe czy zwolenników muzułmańskiego kalifatu próbami budowania silnie zideologizowanych państw opartych na religii. Niniejszy artykuł jest krótkim studium problemów związanych z globalizacją, rozważa także zakres możliwego wpływu światowych koalicji i stowarzyszeń na narody. Formułuję szereg pytań, jak choćby: Czy narody mają szansę przeżyć w społeczeństwie globalnym? Jaki rodzaj narodów wykształci się w przyszłości? Jaki los czeka w związku z tym grecki ethnos? Jakie są relacje pomiędzy radykalizacją i terroryzmem a procesem budowania narodów?
Reinventing Ukraine: Ukrainian National and Supra-National Identity in Contemporary Polish Opinion-Making Press
Authors: Tkachenko Olha
Published: December 2016

Reinventing Ukraine: Ukrainian National and Supra-National Identity in Contemporary Polish Opinion-Making PressUkraine in XXI century has been experiencing new social and political changes which resulted into shifts of the national identity. It has left resonance not only within Ukrainian society but abroad as well. Historical events such as Orange revolution or Euromaidan provided new directions for reconsidering Ukrainian identity by the external actors. The image of Ukraine has been created abroad with the help of mass media, which enable the wide audience to receive information about particular events and make own conclusions. Information, presented in the opinion-making press worth better for deliberating the issue of identity. Thus, this paper seeks to investigate how Polish intellectuals present Ukraine in contemporary Polish opinion-making press. This research on the one hand provides understanding of Ukrainian identity problems, and gives possibility to examine positive and negative aspects of the way identity has been expressed. On the other hand, it demonstrates the way public opinion-makers in Poland perceive, construct and reconstruct identity of Ukraine, Ukrainian nation and present them to their society. The article seeks to investigate what attributes of Ukrainian identity were crucial for Polish media. What factors, historical events, cultural and political features, myth and symbols were important for deliberating Ukraine in Polish opinion-making press. Ponowne odkrycie Ukrainy: Ukraińska narodowa i ponadnarodowa tożsamość we współczesnej polskiej prasie opiniotwórczejW XXI wieku Ukraina przeżywa nowe zmiany społeczne i polityczne, które prowadzą do zmian tożsamości narodowej. To spowodowało rezonans nie tylko w społeczeństwie ukraińskim, ale również za granicą. Najnowsze wydarzenia historyczne, takie jak Pomarańczowa Rewolucja czy Euromajdan, na nowo ożywiły wśród podmiotów zewnętrznych dyskusję o ukraińskiej tożsamości. Zewnętrzny wizerunek Ukrainy kształtują środki masowego przekazu, które dostarczają szerokiej publiczności informacji o wydarzeniach historycznych. Informacje prezentowane w prasie opiniotwórczej są istotnym źródłem dla rozważań nad kwestiami tożsamości w ogóle. Artykuł ma na celu zbadanie, jak polscy intelektualiści przedstawiają Ukrainę we współczesnej polskiej prasie. Badanie umożliwi zrozumienie problemów ukraińskiej tożsamości, będzie także prezentacją pozytywnych i negatywnych jej aspektów. Zarazem jednak unaoczni, w jaki sposób polskie środowiska opiniotwórcze postrzegają, konstruują i rekonstruują tożsamość Ukrainy i narodu ukraińskiego i jak przedstawiają te kwestie społeczeństwu. Staram się jednocześnie wyjaśnić, jakie atrybuty ukraińskiej tożsamości – wydarzenia historyczne, cechy kulturowe i polityczne, mity i symbole – były istotne dla rozważań nad Ukrainą w polskiej prasie opiniotwórczej.
On the Formulation and Universality of Monin–Obukhov Similarity Functions for Mean Gradients and Standard Deviations in the Unstable Surface Layer: Results from Surface-Layer-Resolving Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Maronga Björn , Reuder Joachim
Published: December 2016

Surface-layer-resolving large-eddy simulations (LESs) of free-convective to near-neutral boundary layers are used to study Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) functions. The LES dataset, previously used for the analysis of MOST relationships for structure parameters, is extended for the mean vertical gradients and standard deviations of potential temperature, specific humidity, and wind. Also, local-free-convection (LFC) similarity is studied. The LES data suggest that the MOST functions for mean gradients are universal and unique. The data for the mean gradient of the horizontal wind display significant scatter, while the gradients of temperature and humidity vary considerably less. The LES results suggest that this scatter is mostly related to a transition from MOST to LFC scaling when approaching free-convective conditions and that it is associated with a change of the slope of the similarity functions toward the expected value from LFC scaling. Overall, the data show slightly, but consistent, steeper slopes of the similarity functions than suggested in literature. The MOST functions for standard deviations appear to be unique and universal when the entrainment from the free atmosphere into the boundary layer is sufficiently small. If entrainment becomes significant, however, we find that the standard deviation of humidity no longer follows MOST. Under free-convective conditions, the similarity functions should reduce to universal constants (LFC scaling). This is supported by the LES data, showing only little scatter, but displaying a systematic height dependence of these constants. Like for MOST, the LFC similarity constant for the standard deviation of specific humidity becomes nonuniversal when the entrainment of dry air reaches significant levels.
The Relative Importance of Stratiform and Convective Rainfall in Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Tao Cheng , Jiang Haiyan , Zawislak Jonathan
Published: December 2016

Using 16-yr Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) observations, rainfall properties in the inner-core region of tropical cyclones (TCs) and the relative importance of stratiform and convective precipitation are examined with respect to the evolution of rapid intensification (RI) events. The onset of RI follows a significant increase in the occurrence and azimuthal coverage of stratiform rainfall in all shear-relative quadrants, especially upshear left. The importance of the increased stratiform occurrence in RI storms is further confirmed by the comparison of two groups of slowly intensifying (SI) storms with one group that underwent RI and the other that did not. Statistically, SI storms that do not undergo RI during their life cycle have a much lower percent occurrence of stratiform rain within the inner core. The relatively greater areal coverage of stratiform rain in RI cases appears to be related to the moistening/humidification of the inner core, particularly in the upshear quadrants. In contrast to rainfall frequency, rainfall intensity and total volumetric rain do not increase much until several hours after RI onset, which is more likely a response or positive feedback rather than the trigger of RI. Despite a low frequency of occurrence, the overall contribution to total volumetric rain by convective precipitation is comparable to that of stratiform rain, owing to its intense rain rate.
Nonneutralizing antibodies against factor VIII and risk of inhibitor development in severe hemophilia A
Authors: Cannavò Antonino , Valsecchi Carla , Garagiola Isabella , Palla Roberta , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio , Rosendaal Frits R. , Peyvandi Flora
Published: December 2016

Key Points

Nonneutralizing antibodies against FVIII are detected in untreated or minimally treated patients with hemophilia A. The presence of nonneutralizing antibodies is associated with a substantially increased risk of inhibitor development.
Alteration of blood clotting and lung damage by protamine are avoided using the heparin and polyphosphate inhibitor UHRA
Authors: Kalathottukaren Manu Thomas , Abraham Libin , Kapopara Piyushkumar R. , Lai Benjamin F. L. , Shenoi Rajesh A. , Rosell Federico I. , Conway Edward M. , Pryzdial Edward L. G. , Morrissey James H. , Haynes Charles A. , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N.
Published: December 2016

Key Points

Protamine, the clinically used heparin antidote, alters clot structure by direct incorporation, explaining its known adverse effects. UHRA, a heparin antidote, neutralizes heparin anticoagulation without affecting clotting, clot structure, or lung damage in mice.
Targeting Long Rates in a Model with Segmented Markets
Authors: Carlstrom Charles T. , Fuerst Timothy S. , Paustian Matthias
Published: December 2016

This paper develops a model of segmented financial markets in which the net worth of financial institutions limits the degree of arbitrage across the term structure. The model is embedded into the canonical Dynamic New Keynesian (DNK) framework. We estimate the model using data on the term premium. Our principal results include the following. First, the estimated segmentation coefficient implies a nontrivial effect of central bank asset purchases on yields and real activity. Second, there are welfare gains to having the central bank respond to the term premium, e.g., including the term premium in the Taylor Rule. Third, a policy that directly targets the term premium sterilizes the real economy from shocks originating in the financial sector. A term-premium peg can have significant welfare effects. (JEL E12, E23, E31, E43, E44, E52, E58)
Measuring the relative importance of different agricultural inputs to global and regional crop yield growth since 1975
Authors: Nelson Erik , Congdon Clare Bates
Published: December 2016

Background: We identify the agricultural inputs that drove the growth in global and regional crop yields from 1975 to the mid-2000s. Methods: We compare and contrast the inputs that drove yield change as identified by econometrically estimated yield functions and decision trees that use yield change as the class attribute. Results: We find that improvements in agricultural science and management, increased fertilizer use, and changes in crop mix around the world explained most of the gain in global crop yields, although the yield impacts of input use varied across the latitudinal gradient. Climate change over this time period caused yields to be only slightly lower than they would have been otherwise. In some cases, cropland extensification had as much of a negative impact on global and regional yields as climate change. Conclusions: To maintain the momentum in yield growth across the globe 1) the transfer of agricultural chemicals and investment in agricultural science and management in the tropics must increase rapidly and 2) international trade in agricultural products must expand significantly.
Lightning Injury is a disaster in Bangladesh? - Exploring its magnitude and public health needs
Authors: Biswas Animesh , Dalal Koustuv , Hossain Jahangir , Ul Baset Kamran , Rahman Fazlur , Rahman Mashreky Saidur
Published: December 2016

Background:Lightning injury is a global public health issue. Low and middle-income countries in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world are most affected by lightning. Bangladesh is one of the countries at particular risk, with a high number of devastating lightning injuries in the past years, causing high mortality and morbidity. The exact magnitude of the problem is still unknown and therefore this study investigates the epidemiology of lightning injuries in Bangladesh, using a national representative sample.

Methods:A mixed method was used. The study is based on results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey performed in 2003 in twelve randomly selected districts. In the survey, a total of 819,429 respondents from 171,336 households were interviewed using face-to-face interviews. In addition, qualitative information was obtained by reviewing national and international newspaper reports of lightning injuries sustained in Bangladesh between 13 and 15 May 2016.

Results:The annual mortality rate was 3.661 (95% CI 0.9313–9.964) per 1,000,000 people. The overall incidence of lightning injury was 19.89/100,000 people. Among the victims, 60.12% (n=98) were males and 39.87% (n=65) were females. Males were particularly vulnerable, with a 1.46 times increased risk compared with females (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.06–1.99). Rural populations were more vulnerable, with a 8.73 times higher risk, than urban populations (RR 8.73, 95% CI 5.13–14.86). About 43% of injuries occurred between 12 noon and 6 pm. The newspapers reported 81 deaths during 2 days of electric storms in 2016. Lightning has been declared a natural disaster in Bangladesh.

Conclusions:The current study indicates that lightning injuries are a public health problem in Bangladesh. The study recommends further investigations to develop interventions to reduce lightning injuries, mortality and related burden in Bangladesh.
Collaborative Promotion of Technology Standards and the Impact on Innovation, Industry Structure, and Organizational Capabilities: Evidence from Modern Patent Pools
Authors: Vakili Keyvan
Published: December 2016

This study explores the impact of modern patent pools—inter-organizational collaborative arrangements for promoting the adoption of technology standards—on the rate of follow-on innovations based on pooled technologies, the vertical structure of associated industries, and organizational capabilities of noncollaborating firms. On one hand, the formation of modern pools can boost follow-on innovation by lowering the search, negotiation, and licensing costs associated with pooled standards. On the other hand, modern pools may decrease the incentives to invest in follow-on innovations because of cannibalization risks and grant-back provisions. To the extent that modern pools succeed in establishing a dominant standard, their collaborative nature and their reliance on markets for technology can reduce technological uncertainty and appropriation hazards, hence triggering vertical disintegration in related industries. Moreover, by establishing a dominant standard, modern pools can effectively diminish the relative importance of integrative capabilities inside firms. Employing a combination of empirical strategies, I show that the formation of seven major modern patent pools has, on average, increased the rate of follow-on innovations based on the pooled standards by about 14%. Moreover, the results suggest that the establishment of modern pools can facilitate a shift toward vertical disintegration in associated industries where upstream technology-focused organizations would disproportionally contribute to the development of follow-on complementary technologies. The results also suggest that modern pools reduce the relative importance of integrative capabilities and provide a more advantageous position for specialized startups vis-à-vis diversifying entrants. I discuss the implications for literatures on organizational economics, organizational capabilities, business ecosystems, standards, and nascent industries.
Optical Manipulation of Micro / Nanoparticles Using Fiber-Based Optical Tweezers
Authors: Kotsifaki D. G. , Aggelopoulos S. , Makropoulou M. , Serafetinides A. A.
Published: December 2016

Over forty years, the optical tweezers have been used to facilitate new scientific findings and benchmark single-molecule studies. One of the next steps, as far as applications is concerned, is expected to be their use as medical diagnostic tools, where in parallel, manipulation, sorting, and diagnosis of large number of biological particles, using the optical trapping technique will make the current clinical procedures quicker and cheaper. However, most of the current optical tweezers are based on objective lenses, which are bulky, expensive, and hard to integrate. Optical tweezers based on optical fibers have great potential to solve the abovementioned limitations. This paper attempts to provide solutions in order to overcome the limitations of current conventional optical tweezers with the objective of achieving fundamental understanding and improving the performance of fiber-based optical tweezers. Thus, we develop an optical fiber tweezers using a continuous wave diode GaAlAs laser operating at 659-nm for trapping dielectric nanoparticles (900-nm diameter and 3-?m diameter), suspended in deionized water. We systematically measure the optical trapping force and the effective trapping quality factor. We also investigate the dependence of the trapping force on both the insertion angle of the fiber into the sample chamber and the size of the trapped particle.
The distribution and nest-site preference of Apis dorsata binghami at Maros Forest, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nagir Muhammad Teguh , Atmowidi Tri , Kahono Sih
Published: December 2016

The giant honey bee, Apis dorsata binghami is subspecies of Apis dorsata. This species of bee was only found in Sulawesi and its surrounding islands. This study is aimed to study the distribution and characteristics of nest and nesting trees, nesting behavior of Apis dorsata binghami  in the forests of Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The distributions of nests were observed using a survey method to record the species and characteristics of nesting trees, as well as the conditions around the nest. Results showed that 102 nests (17 active nests, 85 abandoned combs) of A. d. binghami were found. We found 34 species belong to 27 genera in 17 families of plants as nesting sites of giant honey bee. The common tree species used as nesting sites were Ficus subulata (Moraceae), Adenanthera sp. (Fabaceae), Spondias pinnata (Anacardiaceae), Artocarpus sericoarpus (Moraceae), Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae), Knema cinerea (Myristicaceae), Litsea mappacea (Lauraceae), and Palaquium obovatum (Sapotaceae). The nests were found in 0-11 meters (11 nests), 11-20 meters (40 nests), and more than 21 meters (51 nests) from ground level. The nests of giant honey bee were found in sturdy and woody branches, hard to peel, the slope of the branches was <60°, and nests were protected by liane plants, foliage, or both them.
CRITERIA FOR RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTITIS IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors: Gomes Filho Isaac Suzart , Passos-Soares Johelle de Santana , Brandão Paulo de Tarso Jambeiro , Coelho Julita Maria Freitas , Sarmento Viviane Almeida , Freitas Camila Oliveira Teixeira de , Trindade Soraya Castro , Oliveira Denise Cerqueira , Azevêdo Antonio Cesar Oliveira de , Santana Teresinha Costa de , Marques Kaliane Rocha Soledade , Ferreira Suélem Maria Santana Pinheiro , Santos Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles
Published: December 2016

Objective: This study aimed to compare four radiographic methods for interpreting the periodontitis in epidemiological studies on associations with systemic conditions.Methods: A database from a case-control study evaluating the association between osteoporosis and periodontitis was used to compare four different radiographic criteria (RC) with the clinical criteria (CC) for interpreting the presence of periodontal disease (PD): RC-1, one tooth; RC-2, at least two teeth; RC-3, at least three teeth; RC-4, at least four teeth, with one or more sites on the mesial or distal face presenting bone loss ≥ 3 mm, in relation to the cement-enamel junction. PD frequency and diagnostic values were calculated, along with the main association measurements (odds ratios), for the two criteria presenting highest specificity.Results: PD frequency varied according to the RC used, from 76.6% to 95.6%. RC-4 and RC-3 presented the highest specificity (30.5% and 21.0%, respectively). The sensitivity was 100% for all criteria tested. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for RC-3 and RC-4 ranged from 1.13 to 1.52, without statistical significance.Conclusions: The findings showed that PD frequency may be influenced by different RCs, as well as indicating variation in the strength of the association between osteoporosis and periodontitis.
CÁRIE DENTÁRIA EM TRABALHADORES DA INDÚSTRIA ATENDIDOS PELO SESI NO BRASIL E FATORES ASSOCIADOS
Authors: Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Silva Katia Maria Gally da , Mello Manuela Vanessa , Vianna Maria Isabel Pereira , Lima Luisa Silva
Published: December 2016

A cárie é um problema de saúde de alto impacto na indústria. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar prováveis fatores socioeconômicos, ocupacionais e individuais associados à ocorrência de cárie em trabalhadores da indústria. Foi realizado estudo de corte transversal em 1666 trabalhadores da indústria atendidos pelo Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI) no Distrito Federal, e seis estados brasileiros em 2011. Os dados socioeconômicos e referentes aos hábitos foram coletados durante a anamnese. A entrevista ao paciente ou consulta ao PPRA/PCMSO permitiram a coleta dos dados referentes ao risco ocupacional e foi realizado exame para cárie dentária segundo critérios da OMS. A análise multivariada de regressão logística pelo método Wald foi utilizada com nível de significância de 95%. Confirmou-se associação positiva à presença de cárie: exposição a agentes químicos (1,88; 95% IC= 1,41-2,51), permanecer no cargo por 6 anos ou mais (1,36; 95% IC= 1,10-1,68), necessitar do uso de próteses (OR= 2,11 IC95%:1,71-2,59). A implantação de programas de saúde bucal no ambiente laboral faz-se importante para tratamento dos problemas instalados e prevenção da ocorrência de novos danos à cavidade bucal.
PERIODONTITE E BAIXO PESO AO NASCER-UM ESTUDO PILOTO NO MUNICÍPIO DE MONTES CLAROS/MG, BRASIL
Authors: Trindade Soraya Castro , Santos Rafael Rocha , Gomes-Filho Isaac Suzart , Passos-Soares Johelle de Santana , Cruz Simon Seixas da , Rezende Edson José Carpintero , Mameluque Soraya , Dias Verônica Oliveira , Souza-Júnior Edwaldo Barbosa de , Cerqueira Eneida de Moraes Marcílio , Meyer Roberto , Barreto Maurício Lima
Published: December 2016

Introdução: O baixo peso ao nascer é o principal determinante de mortalidade infantil e pode estar associado a afecções como a doença periodontal. Neste sentido, considerando a relevância desse problema, aliado ao fato de que ainda existe bastante controvérsia em torno desta temática, o presente estudo piloto pretende avaliar se há associação entre doença periodontal e prematuridade/baixo peso ao nascer em puérperas do município de Montes Claros-MG. Método: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle em 66 mães de nascidos vivos no Hospital Universitário Clemente Faria, na cidade de Montes Claros em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Destas, 22 mães de recém-nascidos com peso inferior a 2500g formaram o Grupo Caso e 44 mães de recém-nascidos com peso maior ou igual a 2500g compuseram o Grupo Controle. As puérperas foram convidadas a responder a anamnese por meio de um questionário semiestruturado, sendo registrados os dados sóciodemográficos, histórico gestacional, além de aspectos relacionados à saúde geral e bucal. Após a entrevista, foi realizado um exame periodontal completo. Resultados: Não houve diferença significante na frequência de periodontite entre as mães do grupo caso e controle (4,55% vs 18,19%; OR: 0,214; p=0,253). Conclusão: Não foi possível demonstrar associação entre a periodontite e o baixo peso ao nascer.
SEVERE CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS
Authors: Soares Johelle de Santana Passos , Gomes-Filho Isaac Suzart , Coelho Julita Maria Freitas , Cruz Simone Seixas da , Correia Luís Claúdio Lemos , Carvalho Thales Rangel de Oliveira , Freitas Taciane Oliveira Bet , Santos Pedro Nascimento Prates , Ferreira Suélem Maria Santana Pinheiro , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Hintz Alexandre Marcelo , Rubira-Bullen Izabel Regina Fischer
Published: December 2016

This study aims to analyze the relationship between chronic periodontitis and C-reactive protein (CRP), taking certain associated factors into consideration. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 75 adults of both sexes. After the participants had been interviewed, they underwent physical and dental examinations and blood collection. CRP levels were evaluated by means of nephelometry. A periodontal clinical examination was conducted by trained examiners and the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis was established when at least 30% of the individual’s teeth presented clinical attachment loss ≥ 5 mm. The analysis procedures consisted of descriptive analysis and linear regression. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in CRP levels between the groups with and without periodontitis. The median CRP level in the group with periodontitis was 2.3 mg/l (25-75% interquartile range, IQR = 0.74-5.4) and in the group without periodontitis, 1.8 mg/l (25-75% IQR = 0.79-4.54) (p = 0.417). Log CRP was significantly correlated only with the individual’s body mass index (BMI). The main findings from this study indicate that there is no association between severe chronic periodontitis and CRP, and factors like BMI need to be analyzed carefully in studies on this topic.
Reconstructing the Muslim Self: Muhammad Iqbal, Khudi, and the Modern Self
Authors: Hasan Azad
Published: December 2016

Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938), one of the 20th century's most influential Muslim thinkers, theorized a radically new understanding of Islamic selfhood. For Iqbal, the self (khudi) was marked by an individuality that made it distinct and inherently equipped to overcome colonial incursions. Iqbal put this down to Ibn ‘Arabi's (1165–1240) “Neo-Platonist doctrine of sheep” of wahdat-al-wujud. This article examines the ways in which Iqbal's ideas of the self derive from a specifically modern, Western notion of the self that has its history in Rene Descartes' cogito ergo sum — a modern selfhood entailing independence and uniqueness, and which became the standard in Europe after the 18th century. It is a self whose worth is measured by what it produces, and by its relationship to the world as a creator. When Iqbal writes that “man becomes unique by becoming more and more like the most unique individual [God],”1 this paper investigates how Iqbal's approach to the Muslim self is thought through Western categories — beginning with the self, but extending to the pan-Islamic nation (the ummah), and nationalism — and how such an imagining delimits his very (re)construction of Islam, thereby further imbricating “Islam” within Eurocentric power-knowledge. The article reflects on the importance of examining perhaps the foundational theoretical assumption of the modern Muslim experience — Muslim selfhood — and how such an examination is essential for the process of decolonial thinking to begin.
Disciplining the ‘Muslim Subject’: The Role of Security Agencies in Establishing Islamic Theology within the State's Academia
Authors: Dr. Farid Hafez
Published: December 2016

The following article discusses the establishment of centers of Islamic Studies (Islamische Theologie) in Germany. While many authors have discussed different theories which shape the accommodation of Islam in Western European nation states, I suggest that the security dispositif (Foucault) has a strong impact on the way the state and religious communities interact with each other. I argue that against the backdrop of a hegemonic Islamophobic discourse and a securitization of Islam, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Verfassungsschutz) as the main actor in charge of domestic security issues within the Ministry of Interior, shapes the construction of the German ‘Muslim subject’ to discipline and govern Germany's Muslims. The Verfassungsschutz becomes a defining power in the attempt to locate Islam in the German religio-political landscape by influencing the politics of several state agencies. This is due to broadening the notion of security which affects the ‘integration policy’ of several state agencies and makes the integration issue a priority in other policy areas. A hegemonic Islamophobic discourse, in which Islam has become a security threat, seems to foster such a policy. I will elaborate the securitization of Islam through the Verfassungsschutz by tracing its role in the institutionalization of Islamic Studies at state universities.
A Hidden Ideological Scheme under New Secularism: Explaining a Peak of Islamphobia in Quebec (2013-2014)
Authors: Siegfried L. Mathelet
Published: December 2016

This paper offers a description of the context of the recent growth of Islamophobia in Quebec, and it submits a hypothesis on the process responsible for it. In the first part, we use the concept of “mute zone” from the social representation theory to advance a theoretical hypothesis based on a first sight analysis. We argue that some elements from an ideological victory of far right narratives invested the social representation of secularism, that they reveal themselves as a “mute zone” acting in periphery of the theme of secularism, and, accordingly, that they act as a sleeping ideological scheme, here, favoring Islamophobia. In the second part, we pursue the analysis further to show how this peripheral scheme appeared within the narrative of different actors and groups supporting a ban on religious conspicuous signs, from the right side to the left side of the political spectrum.
Saving Muslim Women: A Feminist-postcolonial Critique of Veiling Legislation in Norway
Authors: Therese Ignacio Bjoernaas
Published: December 2016

This paper explores the connection between Western feminism and Islamophobia in Norway through an analysis of the veiling legislation of Siv Jensen, the leader of the Norwegian Progress Party. I argue that this legislation is guilty of cultural imperialism because it racializes Muslims in general as inferior, and Muslim women as passive victims in need of white women's liberation. Jensen's feminism exemplifies “Islamophobic victimization” because it suggests that veiled women have no agency under the entrenched patriarchy of Islam. Disguised in feminist language, her veiling legalization construes Islam as inferior and reinforces a colonial master narrative. It is marked by a special concern for what Rey Chow calls “the ‘subjectivity’ of the other-as-oppressed-victim.” Jensen's representation of Islam is Islamophobic in that it perpetuates negative stereotypes about Muslims and defines Islam as both inferior to, and incompatible with, Western culture. She asks a rhetorical question: “Are we going to be on the side of intolerant Islamic leaders who force women to wear the veil or are we going to be on the side of women who fight for greater tolerance and equality?” In doing so, she and her party demonstrate that unveiling is as much about saving Norway from Muslims as it is about saving Muslim women from Islam.
Ahmed Mohamed and the Imperial Necessity of Islamophilia
Authors: Nazia Kazi
Published: December 2016

In this article, I connect the arrest of clock-making youth Ahmed Mohamed in Irving, Texas to the U.S. carceral imperial state. I argue that his ordeal lies at the interstices of empire, race, and the school-to-prison pipeline, and I consider the ways in which Islamophilia – or “good Muslim” politics – serves as a veneer for persistent criminalization of youth of color, both through domestic procedures of policing as well as through global mechanisms of the U.S. war against terrorism. Based upon my fieldwork with Islamic representative organizations (IRO's), I show that the discourse on matters of inclusion and political change in the U.S. is deeply confined by colonialist contours of acceptability.
A Propos of the Euro-Zone crisis: From ‘Uneven and Combined Development’ (UCD) to ‘Global Fault-lines’ (GF)
Authors: Vassilis K. Fouskas  , Constantine Dimoulas
Published: December 2016

This article advances a crisis theory of financialisation and imperial geo-politics in order to recast key concepts and causal parameters related to the sources of debt and the way in which the Euro-Atlantic area is in danger of complete disintegration. It juxtaposes the concept of ‘uneven and combined development’ (UCD) to that of ‘global fault-lines’ (GF), showing the advantages enjoyed by the latter with the inclusion of geo-political and security dimensions as co-constitutive explanatory variables in the understanding of economic crises in general and of the Euro-zone crisis in particular.
Restraining the Surveillance State: A Global Right to Privacy
Authors: Binoy Kampmark
Published: December 2016

Edward Snowden's revelations of massive data collecting surveillance conducted by the U.S. National Security Agency in June 2013 suggest that Franz Kafka's vision of a surveillance state has been globalised. A movement has developed in response to it urging reforms on an international scale. One feature of this debate lies in the idea of a global right to privacy. A global right to privacy suggests a global freedom from unjustified, bulk surveillance beyond the reaches of judicial oversight. While there are international covenants protecting the right to privacy, opinions on how such a right is enforced differ. This paper examines the nature of such a privacy right, its universal feasibility, and the arguments against it. It argues that privacy must keep pace with the technological applications that undermine it.
Effect of risk factors of bronchial asthma on elderly health related quality of life at assiut university hospital, Egypt
Authors: Barakat Nermeen Mahmoud Abd Elaziz
Published: December 2016

The present study aimed to assess quality of life of elderly asthmatics and to determine risk factors that may influence it. The study was carried out in the chest out-patient clinics and chest departments at Assiut University Hospital. The sample type of this study total coverage during one year consists of one hundred and five elderly people aged 60 years and above suffering from bronchial asthma disease. Two tools were used for data collection, tool one divided into three parts, socio-demographic data risk factors assessment, and history of bronchial asthma. Tool two to assessment health related quality of life of asthmatic patients was using St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The main results yielded by the study proved that, there were highly significant differences between risk factors of bronchial asthma disease and health-related quality of life. The study recommended that further research be implemented to improve the effect of health related quality of life for asthmatic patients.
La Investigación Científica y sus usos Pedagógicos-Scientific Research and its pedagogical uses
Authors: Adúriz-Bravo Agustín , Gallego-Torres Adriana Patricia
Published: December 2016

Editorial
Estudio de la degradación de fenol sobre catalizador de arcilla pilarizada-Study of the degradation of phenol on pillar clay catalyst
Authors: Cardona-Castaño Julio Andrés , Taborda-Ocampo Gonzalo
Published: December 2016

Se investiga la oxidación de fenol sobre catalizador de arcilla pilarizada en un reactor operando tanto en batch como en semibatch. Los experimentos fueron llevados a cabo a temperatura ambiente y presión atmosférica, con concentración de fenol de 100 mg/L, concentración de catalizador de 0,5 y 2,75 g/L y concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno del  50 y el 100 % de la cantidad estequiométrica necesaria para la total degradación de fenol. Se comparan ambos procesos en términos de degradación de fenol, degradación de H2O2, formación y degradación de intermediarios aromáticos y ácidos de cadena corta. Se determinó, que la velocidad de degradación de fenol e intermediarios aromáticos es más lenta en el proceso en semibatch. Sin embargo, hay un uso más eficiente del peróxido de hidrógeno en el proceso semibatch, favoreciendo la reacción con las especies orgánicas y  reduciendo las reacciones competitivas.
Comprensión de la noción de función y la articulación de los registros semióticos que la representan entre estudiantes que ingresan a un programa de Ingeniería - Understanding of the notion of function and the articulation of the semiotic registers that represent it among students entering an Engineering program
Authors: Prada-Núñez Raúl , Hernández-Suárez Cesar , Ramírez-Leal Pastor
Published: December 2016

El presente estudio se propone evaluar la comprensión de la noción de función y la capacidad de articular distintos registros semióticos para su representación por parte de los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en la carrera universitaria en Colombia. Se toma como contexto inmediato la Facultad de Ingeniería de una Universidad Pública. Epistemológicamente el estudio se basa en el interaccionismo simbólico mediante el análisis de los significados que los estudiantes atribuyen a este concepto matemático cuando abordan la resolución de problemas. La metodología adoptada, en consecuencia, es cualitativa y se hace uso de la codificación teórica. Para el análisis de los resultados se ha aplicado la teoría fundamentada con un enfoque estructurado. La información que genera este estudio corresponde a una prueba en la que se mostró a los estudiantes dos representaciones gráficas con la intención de que identificaran cuál de ellas constituía una función, además de lo cual debían argumentar su respuesta. En total se analizan 86 argumentos alrededor del concepto. El análisis de datos se hizo a través del software Atlas/ti 7.0.  El sistema de categorías emergente permite vislumbrar los siguientes hallazgos: deficiencias conceptuales, diversidad en aproximaciones conceptuales, referentes conceptuales, representaciones semióticas, y finalmente destacan las distintas variaciones conceptuales.
Diversidad de Géneros del Fitoplancton del embalse de Betania–Huila y su importancia como bioindicadores - Diversity of Phytoplankton genera of the Betania-Huila reservoir and its importance as bioindicators
Authors: Martinez-Silva Paula , Delgado-Fonseca Juan Felipe , Muñoz-Yustres Jorge Leonardo
Published: December 2016

El embalse de Betania es uno de los ecosistemas estratégicos del departamento del Huila, siendo de vital importancia no solo para la generación de energía sino para la producción piscícola desde hace treinta años. Sin embargo, actividades como la piscicultura, el vertimiento de aguas servidas y la carga orgánica generada por las actividades agrícolas que se llevan a cabo en las zonas aledañas al embalse, han generado un deterioro en la calidad del agua y una aceleración en el proceso de eutrofización. En esta investigación, se hicieron muestreos de fitoplancton a lo largo de un año con el fin de establecer mediante el uso de bioindicadores el estado actual de este cuerpo hídrico y la variación espacial y temporal que se presenta entre los géneros y especies de microalgas presentes en las diez estaciones de muestreo en los diferentes muestreos.
Editorial
Authors: Vessuri Hebe , Gallego-Torres Adriana Patricia
Published: December 2016

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Alternativas para reflexionar aspectos críticos de la ciencia en el aula-Alternatives to Reflect on Critical Aspects of Science in the Classroom
Authors: Solbes-Matarredona Jordi , Torres-Merchán Nidia Yaneth
Published: December 2016

Este artículo forma parte de una investigación sobre el uso de cuestiones socio-científicas a fin de promover las competencias para el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes universitarios. La primera parte presenta las apreciaciones de un grupo de estudiantes en formación docente acerca de la criticidad de la ciencia y lo que entienden por ciencia crítica. También, se presenta y se discute sobre las experiencias de algunos investigadores perseguidos debido a sus contribuciones científicas, ya que tuvieron implicaciones sociales, o cuestiones sociocientíficas.Alternatives to Reflect on Critical Aspects of Science in the ClassroomThis paper is part of a research about the use of scientific-social issues to promote critical thinking skills in university students. The first part presents the considerations of a group of teacher training students about the criticality of science and what they understand about critical science. It also presents and discusses the experiences of some researchers who were persecuted because of their scientific contributions with social implications or scientific social issues.Alternativas para refletir aspectos críticos da ciência na sala de aulaEste artigo é parte de uma investigação sobre o uso de questões sociais científicos, para promover habilidades de pensamento crítico dos estudantes da universidade. A primeira parte apresenta os motivos que levaram um grupo de estudantes de formação de professores sobre a criticidade da ciência e o que eles querem dizer com uma ciência crítica. Ele também apresenta e discute alguns investigadores perseguidos por suas contribuições científicas para implicações sociais ou questões sociais científicos.