bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ordination of Selected Traditional Japanese Gardens, Traditional Chinese Gardens, and Modern Chinese Gardens
Authors: Chen Dexin , Burley Jon Bryan , Machemer Trisha , Schutzki Robert
Published: February 2021

Designers and academics are interested in the characteristics, differences, and similarities between built environments such as garden types. This investigation aims to examine the ordination of traditional Japanese gardens in Kyoto, the classical Chinese gardens in Suzhou and the modern Chinese gardens in Xiamen. A hundred and thirty-four variables were selected for the ordination. According to a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ordination, the first three principal components covered 70.77 percent of the sample variance: the first principal component (traditional Asian values to non-Asian dimension) and second principal component (a complexity to simplicity dimension) divides the gardens into three identifiable groups; the first and the third principal component (a hardscape to softscape dimension) indicates the similarities of traditional Japanese gardens and classical Chinese gardens; the second and third principal component implies the similarities of traditional Japanese gardens and modern Chinese gardens.
Effect of Dietary Carotenoids on Reproducers of Amazon River Prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum. Part 2: External Coloration, Accumulation of Astaxanthin in Body Tissues and Pigment Stability in Feed
Authors: Costa Daniel Pereira da , Castilho Claudiana De Lima , Santos Uclédia Roberta Alberto dos , Gemaque Tainára Cunha , Damasceno Leandro Fernandes , Lima Jô De Farias , Filho Kleber Campos Miranda
Published: February 2021

The color is an important factor to distinguish the commercialized Amazon river prawns. The accumulation of pigments in the body can vary according to the prawn’s diet. In this work, ethanolic extracts of “buriti” and annatto rich in pigments were obtained and tested comparatively with synthetic astaxanthin in the feeding of adults of Macrobrachium amazonicum, together with a control group without pigments and a newly captured wild group. Levels of body pigments were measured using UV reflective spectroscopy and external staining by colorimetry. Differences were observed in the accumulation of astaxanthin in body tissues, differences in saturation between genders and that annatto extract has greater stability in the feed after water immersion (P˂0.05). Further studies are recommended to verify the ideal dosage of natural pigments in relation to synthetic astaxanthin that benefits the productive development of prawns.
A Perspective on Stratigraphic, Vertically-Upward “Displacements or Dislocations” of Conodont-Elements: An Example From the Upper Devonian, Pre-Lithified, Black Shales of the Chattanooga Shale Formation In Tennessee, USA
Authors: Iannicelli Michael
Published: February 2021

Stratigraphic “displacements or dislocations” are coarse clasts and / or objects (such as unaltered remains or conodont-elements) slowly mobilizing or migrating vertically upward through a fine-grained matrix by a cryogenetic process known as “upfreezing” due to freezing temperatures. The process was originally established by periglaciologists and cold-climate geomorphologists who applied it only to unconsolidated, sedimentary deposits. In this study, the process is applied to the marine, pre-lithified, black shales of the Upper Devonian, Chattanooga Shale Formation, specifically in Tennessee, USA. The importance of this recognition is to alert paleontologists and stratigraphers about the strong possibility of inaccurate age-determinations made concerning coarse objects such as a conodont-element (denticles) (but not fossilized molds) because of their fossilized presence in age-determined, stratigraphic, rock levels when the apatite-composed denticles may have instead been initially deposited at a lower stratigraphic level during pre-lithification of the fine-grained, host-rock (shale) before the paleo-upfreezing process mobilized the denticles upwards. Many lines of evidences are given in this study towards apparent, predominant, freezing temperatures in the pre-existing, Chattanooga Sea of the Appalachian Basin, including particular, supposed, bioturbated, pre-lithified, organic black shale that is reinterpreted here as cryoturbated, pre-lithified, organic, black shale.
Desastres de Mariana e Brumadinho
Authors: Castro Paulo de Tarso Amorim
Published: February 2021

Este artigo traz uma análise do contexto socioeconômico e ambiental em que se deu os rompimentos das barragens de rejeitos de mineração de ferro da SAMARCO, em Mariana e da VALE, em Brumadinho. A associação entre o adensamento populacional e as ricas jazidas de ferro no Quadrilátero Ferrífero compôs o cenário em que se deu o rompimento de barragens de rejeito da mineração de ferro. A magnitude destes desastres ganha dimensões e consequências em um contexto jamais visto, expondo as fragilidades do modelo de produção mineral da região.
Essential Nanominerals and Other Nanomaterials in Poultry Nutrition and Production
Authors: Sarathi Swain Partha , Prusty Sonali , Bala Nageswara Rao Somu , Rajendran Duraisamy , Kumar Patra Amlan
Published: February 2021

Poultry production, health and wellbeing are highly dependent upon formulation of balanced rations in terms of energy, protein, and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Among all, minerals are required in fewer quantities, but they are very important to maintain the productivity in poultry. Minerals present in the feeds are less bioavailable and additional supplementation is obligatory to meet the physiological demands of poultry. Conventionally, minerals are supplemented as inorganic salts, which are less absorbed and, thus, a major proportion is excreted to the surroundings creating environment issues. Nano-minerals and organic mineral chelates are other alternative to be used as livestock and poultry feed supplements. Though organic minerals are more bioavailable than inorganic salts, their high cost limits its use. In contrast, nano-minerals are relatively easy to synthesize at a lower cost. Nano-minerals are of the size from 1–100 nm and due to such small size, there is an enormous increase in surface area and thus their biological responses. The biological response studies have signified better retention of nano-minerals as compared to inorganic salts, and consequently leached less to the environment preventing possible pollution. Apart from these, nano-minerals have been shown to enhance growth, egg production and quality, immune-modulation and antioxidant status, and at the same time economize the production by reducing the supplemental dose of minerals and improving the feed conversion ratio. Some nano-minerals and other nanoparticles have strong antimicrobial effects, which have been shown to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in the gut. Nano-minerals seem to be less toxic than conventional mineral sources. Though less, few studies have indicated toxic effects of nano-mineral supplementation at higher dose of application, which should be validated by more programmed studies. Nanotechnology in poultry production system is still in its budding stage and more detailed studies are warranted to validate, establish and search for new effects of nano-minerals as they sometimes produce effects beyond expectation. This review highlights the biological responses of nanominerals on poultry production performance, quality of meat and eggs, tissue retention, immunity, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial actions compared with their conventional mineral sources.
Prevalence of Congenital Heart Defects in Neonates of Drug Abusing Mothers
Authors: Radgoodarzi Mohammad , Norouzi Elahe , Vahedi Zahra , Salavati Mitra , Yaghoubi Ameneh , Behmadi Reza
Published: February 2021

Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common congenital malformations at birth. Substance abuse has increased dramatically over the past two decades. It also can affect neonates of drug-abusing mothers. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the possible association of maternal drug abuse with CHDs in their newborn infants. Patients and Methods: In this study, 72 neonates who were born during 6 years in three teaching hospitals are studied. Echocardiography was performed by a single pediatric cardiologist using two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 1) Of 72 included cases, 38 (52.78%) had abnormal echocardiographic findings; 2) from 38 abnormal echocardiography, 35 (48.61% of total and 92.11% of abnormal echoes) had mild congenital heart defect (CHD), and 3 had complex CHD; 3) There was no significant difference in the prevalence of neonatal congenital heart defect with the type of misused drugs (opiates or methamphetamines). Conclusions: In our study, the prevalence of CHD in newborns of drug abuser mothers was significantly higher than the normal population of infants. Hence, echocardiographic screening of these newborns seems to be logical.
Emigration Against Caste, Transformation of the Self, and Realization of the Casteless Society in Indian Diaspora
Authors: Ayyathurai Gajendran ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2021

Regardless of British colonial motives, many Indians migrated against caste/casteism across Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans. British Guiana marked the entry of Indian indentured laborers in the Caribbean in 1838. Paradoxically, thereafter religious and caste identities have risen among them. This article aims to unravel the intersectionality of religion, caste, and gender in the Caribbean Indian diaspora. Based on the recent field study in Guyana and Suriname as well as from the interdisciplinary sources, this essay examines: how brahminical deities, temples, and patriarchal institutions have re-invented caste-based asymmetrical sociality in the plantation colonies. Contrary to such re-establishment of brahminical inequalities, it argues, the castefree Indo-Guyanese religio-cultural practices foster inter-religious and inter-racial inclusive integration. And that this has led to self-transformation as well as in the making of a casteless society in the Caribbean.
Political New Sincerity and Profilicity
Authors: D’Ambrosio Paul J. , Moeller Hans-Georg ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2021

The past few years have seen a dramatic backlash against identity politics from academics such as Michael Sandel, Kwame Appiah, Mark Lilla, and Francis Fukuyama. In the vocabulary of identity conceptions, we can classify this as a reaction to a growing dissatisfaction with the perceived hollowness and ineffectiveness of “authenticity” that calls for a return to “sincerity”—or a “Political New Sincerity.” We argue that a third identity paradigm is in play as well, namely “profilicity.” This profile-based approach to understanding oneself, others, and the world has had a major impact on social and political life, and yet has gone largely unnoticed or otherwise been mis-diagnosed. Our analysis provides a critical reflection on the emergence of profilicity to pave the way for developing insights into our changing sociopolitical and inter-personal landscapes.
Condition analysis and basis for selection of zipline arresting devices
Authors: Vladić Jovan , Jojić Tanasije , Đokić Radomir
Published: February 2021

This paper defines the basis for zipline arresting devices. Considering that there is currently no legal regulation in Serbia that defines devices for zipline braking and arresting, an excerpt from foreign standards are given in the first part of the paper. This is followed by an overview of existing solutions of arresting systems, as well as examples of patented solutions. As it is necessary to know the velocity of the passenger at the beginning of braking, the paper gives a basis for determining the kinematic parameters of the passenger. The analysis of kinematic parameters consists of two parts - the first one, which includes static analysis based on catenary theory, and the second, which takes into account inertial forces, movement resistance, air resistance, the position of a passenger during lowering, tightening force, etc. Finally, recommendations for the selection of zipline arresting system are given, as well as an example of concrete zipline which was built on Fruška Gora.
Extension of the frequency range for experimental determination of dispersion relationship of flexural waves in beams by correlation method
Authors: Sinđelić Vladimir , Ćirić-Kostić Snežana , Nikolić Aleksandar , Šoškić Zlatan
Published: February 2021

The dispersion relation is the key for studies of wave propagation. The experimental determination of a dispersion relation by measurements of wave properties in different points in space meets the challenge of spatial aliasing, which is further augmented by numerical instability of calculations. This paper presents and discusses a concept aimed to overcome the spatial aliasing problem in measurements of dispersion relation of mechanical waves propagating through beams. The concept is based on the properties of the dispersion relationship and it may be extended to the case of all other waves with monotonous dispersion relationship.
Determining the cause of engine failure based on the retrospective diagnostic function
Authors: Krstić Vojislav , Krstić Nikola , Krstić Božidar
Published: February 2021

The was a failure on the drive engine of the road vehicle. On it, maintenance procedures were carried out in the service. After an extremely short period of operation, engine failure by the same mechanism of occurrence occurred again. The paper sheds light on the problem of engine malfunctions, establishes cause-and-effect relationships and proposes measures to eliminate the causes of failure.
Students' perceptions of school climate and school violence
Authors: Novoseljački Nevena , Šimonji-Černak Ruženka , Pokuševski Maja
Published: February 2021

The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between perceptions of school climate among students and the occurrence of school violence, and to investigate the existence of differences in school climate perceptions and the occurrence of violence depending on students' gender, the grade they are in, their academic achievement at the end of the previous grade, and parents' educational background. The instruments School Climate Scale and PRONA were used. Correlation analysis indicates a significant negative correlation between the perception of the school climate as supportive and a tendency towards violent behavior, as well as a positive correlation between the perception of the school climate as unsupportive and a tendency towards violent behavior and exposure to peer violence. A significant difference in the perception of school climate was established depending on the school grade, with sixthand seventh-grade students more frequently perceiving the school climate as supportive than eighth graders. As for peer violence, significant differences were established depending on students' sex, grade and academic achievement: a tendency towards vilolent behavior, as well as exposure to school violence were more common among male students, students with lower academic achievement (with average grades of two or three out of five) and eighth-grade students.
Reflexões em torno dos tecidos africanos como instrumentos da luta antirracista
Authors: Vidal Julia , Arruda Dyego de Oliveira
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo objetiva compreender o modo como os tecidos africanos podem ser instrumentos das lutas antirracistas na sociedade brasileira. De modo específico, as reflexões conduzidas ao longo do artigo foram calcadas no Ofi/Pano da costa, no Adinkra e no Wax, três tecidos que remetem à África e que possuem significativa importância no Brasil enquanto repertório simbólico e identitário das pessoas negras. Como subterfúgio metodológico, vale dizer que a pesquisa possui uma abordagem qualitativa, na qual foram conduzidas três entrevistas em profundidade com sujeitos africanos, atualmente residentes no Brasil, que conhecem os tecidos e envolvem-se ativamente na difusão desses itens no Brasil. De um modo geral, os resultados do artigo apontam para o rico repertório simbólico, identitário e cultural que circundam os tecidos africanos, numa dinâmica em que os usos desses tecidos (re)conectam os sujeitos negros da diáspora às filosofias ancestrais e tradições culturais do povo africano. Portanto, os significados e usos dos tecidos representam importantes ferramentas para práticas decoloniais e antirracistas, (re)valorizando os múltiplos legados dos povos africanos.
Estresse térmico e tratamento químico no potencial fisiológico de sementes de Zea Mays L.
Authors: Barrozo Leandra Matos , Costa Teresinha de Jesus Feitosa , Gomes Daiana Santos , Santos Joel Cabral dos , Lima Joelma Francisca de Moura , Zanatta Tatiane Scilewski da Costa , Diniz Adriana Araujo , Oliveira Filho Antonio Santana Batista de
Published: February 2021

Diante da importância econômica da cultura do milho mundialmente, é importante verificar como as sementes se comportam fisiologicamente sob condições de estresse. Objetivou-se com esse estudo verificar o efeito do tratamento químico sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho após estresse térmico. As sementes foram submetidas ao teste de envelhecimento acelerado (500C por 24 horas) em seguida tratadas com os fungicidas Certeza® nas dosagens de 0, 100; 125; 150; 175 e 200mL 100 Kg de sementes e Maxim XL® com as doses de 0, 145;162,5; 180; 197,5; e 215mL 100 Kg de sementes. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 (fungicidas e dosagens). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial. As variáveis analisadas foram: primeira contagem de emergência, emergência em campo, índice de velocidade de emergência; percentagem de plântulas normais, comprimento da parte aérea e raiz, massa fresca da parte aérea e raiz e massa seca da parte aérea e raiz.  O potencial fisiológico elevado de sementes de milho submetidos ao estresse térmico foi verificado quando se aplicou o fungicida Certeza na dosagem de 105,50 a 198,10 ml 100 kg de sementes, sendo mais viável econômica e ambientalmente se comparada as doses recomendadas.
Levantamento da entomofauna aquática associada ao estado de conservação da mata ciliar de propriedades leiteiras no Vale do Taquari/RS
Authors: Ehlert Bruna , Rempel Claudete , Dalzochio Marina Schmidt , Bergmann Patrícia Caye , Silva Gustavo Rodrigo da , Zerwes Cristian Mateus
Published: February 2021

A fauna de insetos aquáticos é um componente fundamental para o funcionamento dos recursos hídricos. No presente estudo foi realizado o levantamento da fauna de insetos aquáticos em doze propriedades com produção de leite localizadas na microbacia hidrográfica do Arroio da Seca, porção Taquari-Antas, em relação à estrutura da comunidade associada ao estado de conservação da vegetação nativa das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP). As amostragens foram realizadas de fevereiro a novembro de 2019 ao longo das margens d’água de arroios de cada propriedade leiteira no Vale do Taquari, nos municípios de Colinas e Imigrante. Foram coletados e identificados um total de 2.724 indivíduos de insetos aquáticos, pertencentes a 8 ordens e 38 famílias. Não houve diferença significativa entre a riqueza e a abundância de insetos aquáticos entre os pontos de coleta, porém a composição de famílias entre os diferentes locais amostrados indicou diferença. Entre as três categorias de conservação a composição de famílias foi significativamente diferente. Conclui-se que a entomofauna aquática presente nos ambientes lóticos das propriedades leiteiras amostradas sofreram alterações na distribuição de famílias nos diferentes percentuais de conservação de suas APP nativas.
El papel mediador del bienestar en el efecto de la gestión de los recursos humanos sobre el desempeño
Authors: Pagán-Castaño Esther , Garrigós-Simón Fernando J. , Sánchez-García Javier
Published: February 2021

Aims:The objective of this study is to build a scale of the wellbeing of teachers in education centres. In addition, it examines the incidence of human resources management on educational performance, both directly and through the mediating effect of the wellbeing of teachers in terms of both the psychological and the physical. Methodology: The study uses the methodology of structural equations, and a sample of 315 questionnaires for teachers working in secondary education. Results: This study corroborates the significant effect of human resources management on educational performance. The relationship was observed both directly and through the mediating effect achieved when improving psychological wellbeing. Although human resources management reduces physical wellbeing, we did not observe any direct relationship between this physical wellbeing and a reduction in performance. Limitations: The study is intended as an exploratory analysis of these relationships. Consideration of a larger sample, or its extension to other areas, could further support our results. Practical implications: These results imply the need for improvement in human resources policies in schools, especially positive policies linked to improving the psychological wellbeing of teachers. Thus, better management of human resources produces an improvement in both the wellbeing of teachers (their satisfaction, their happiness and their relationship with students) and also educational performance. Furthermore, this management process has a significant effect on reducing discomfort (negative emotions, emotional symptoms, and negative physical states).
Optimization of a Process for a Microgreen and Fruit Based Ready to Serve Beverage
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Rasane Prasad , Dey Anirban , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Dhawan Kajal , Kumar Ashwani , Joshi Hari Shankar
Published: February 2021

A process for preparation of a microgreen and fruit based beverage was optimized using spinach (Spinacia oleracea) microgreen, pomegranate (Punica granatum), pineapple (Ananascomosus) and sugar. The blended juice in different ratios was analysed for total soluble solids, viscosity, sedimentation, acidity, metal chelation activity, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The optimized beverage had, 17.26 mL 100 mL-1 spinach microgreen juice, 57.07 mL 100 mL-1 pomegranate juice, 1.01 g 100 g-1 sugar and 24.66 mL 100 mL-1 pineapple juice. The product was high in nutrients, particularly protein, minerals (sodium, potassium and iron), vitamins (vitamin C), bioactive compounds (total phenols and total carotenoids) and had high antioxidant activity (metal chelation activity, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power). The antioxidants and bioactive compounds present in juice were designed to help reduce oxidative stress during inflammatory cases such as arthritis.
Chickpea Protein Isolation, Characterization and Application in Muffin Enrichment
Authors: El Sohaimy Sobhy Ahmed , Brennan Marageta A. , Darwish Amira Galal , Brennan Charles S.
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to enhance the nutritional value and the functional characteristics of muffins by enriching with chickpea protein isolate, while keeping their rheological characteristics. Chickpea Protein isolate (CPI) was prepared by alkaline solubilization (pH 11), followed by isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.5. SDS-PAGE revealed three subunits with molecular weights of 47, 30 and 85 kDa; representing the globulin fractions, legumin-like and vicilin-like proteins. Maximum protein solubility (83.32%) was obtained at pH 11. CPI exhibited an emulsifying activity index of 25.17 m2 g-1, emulsion stability index of 14.09 min. The foaming capacity and stability were 62% and 94.49%, respectively. Water and oil absorption were 3.65 and 2.30 mL g-1, respectively. CPI was added to muffin batter at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%. CPI fortifieded muffins showed reduction in moisture content, which influenced texture profile analysis through increasing hardness, gumminess and chewiness values. Additionally, both protein content and protein digestibility of muffins increased to 22.2 and 94.08%, respectively. CPI-enriched muffins were darker (lower L) with yellowish crumbs (higher b). Finally, preliminary sensory evaluation showed high consumer acceptance for CPI-enriched muffins.
Redox controls RecA protein activity via reversible oxidation of its methionine residues
Authors: Henry Camille , Loiseau Laurent , Vergnes Alexandra , Vertommen Didier , Mérida-Floriano Angela , Chitteni-Pattu Sindhu , Wood Elizabeth A , Casadesús Josep , Cox Michael M , Barras Frédéric , Ezraty Benjamin
Published: February 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause damage to DNA and proteins. Here, we report that the RecA recombinase is itself oxidized by ROS. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that oxidation of RecA altered its DNA repair and DNA recombination activities. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that exposure to ROS converted four out of nine Met residues of RecA to methionine sulfoxide. Mimicking oxidation of Met35 by changing it for Gln caused complete loss of function, whereas mimicking oxidation of Met164 resulted in constitutive SOS activation and loss of recombination activity. Yet, all ROS-induced alterations of RecA activity were suppressed by methionine sulfoxide reductases MsrA and MsrB. These findings indicate that under oxidative stress MsrA/B is needed for RecA homeostasis control. The implication is that, besides damaging DNA structure directly, ROS prevent repair of DNA damage by hampering RecA activity.
A Study on Sum Formulas of Generalized Tetranacci Numbers: Closed Forms of the Sum Formulas \(\sum_{k=0}^{n}kW_{k}\) and \(\sum_{k=1}^{n}kW_{-k}\)
Authors: Soykan Y¨ uksel
Published: February 2021

In this paper, closed forms of the sum formulas \(\sum_{k=0}^{n}kW_{k}\) and \(\sum_{k=1}^{n}kW_{-k}\) for generalized Tetranacci numbers are presented. As special cases, we give summation formulas of Tetranacci, Tetranacci-Lucas, and other fourth-order recurrence sequences.
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungal Inoculation on Growth of Tropical Tree Species under Nursery and Post-Opencast Bauxite Mining Field in Bintan Island, Indonesia
Authors: Prematuri Ricksy , Turjaman Maman , Tawaraya Keitaro
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of native AM fungal inoculation on the growth of Gmelina arborea, Samanea saman, Falcataria moluccana, and Enterolobium cyclocarpum under nursery and post-opencast bauxite mining field conditions. Two native AM fungi, Rhizophagus clarus and Gigaspora decipiens, were inoculated into seeds of G. arborea, S. saman, F. moluccana, and E. cyclocarpum. The seeds were sown in post-bauxite mining soil and grown in the nursery for three months. Seeds without AM inoculation were used as the control treatment. The seedlings were transplanted into a post-opencast bauxite mining field and grown for 12 months. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization and shoot and root dry weights were measured. Under nursery conditions, G. arborea inoculated with G. decipiens increased shoot and root dry weights by 1,431 and 359 %, respectively, while shoot dry weight of E. cyclorapum inoculated with R. clarus and G. decipiens increased by 510 and 220%, respectively, in comparison with control seedlings. Root dry weight of E. cyclorapum inoculated with R. clarus increased by 224%, in comparison with control seedlings. Shoot dry weight of E. cyclorapum inoculated with R. clarus increased by 90%, in comparison with seedlings inoculated by G. decipiens. Twelve months after transplanting into post-opencast field conditions, the shoot dry weight of F. moluccana inoculated with G. decipiens was higher than that of the control seedlings by 188%. Shoot dry weight of E. cyclorapum inoculated with R. clarus and G. decipiens increased by 198% and 149%, respectively, in comparison with control seedlings. Shoot dry weight of E. cyclorapum seedlings inoculated with R. clarus was higher by 20% than that of seedlings inoculated with G. decipiens. These results show that AM fungal inoculation promotes the growth of tropical tree species on post-opencast bauxite mining land.
Expanded Usage Window of Molding Compound to Reduce Material Wastage in Manufacturing Line
Authors: Soriano Roland , Belalo Lester Joseph T. , Arnido Rey Nino C.
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses about direct material wastage brought by expiring molding compound particularly for QFN-mr Packages.

An Engineering problem solving methodology was used to identify the material, its consumption, cost, the root cause, and solution of the problem. The study aims to solve huge amount of compound material disposed in the manufacturing line.

By challenging the current 24hours suppliers thawing time, it is shown that at 16hours thawing time, molding compound already reached the required room temperature (23°C ± 3°C). To maximize the usage window of molding compound, the existing floor life of 24hrs was also reviewed and after experiment, it was found out that it can still be extended to another 24hrs or 48hrs total floor lifetime.

Combining the 2 improvements, a total of 56hrs usage window for the molding compound from 24hrs usage window.
Quantitative Analysis of Geomorphologic Characteristics for Surface Runoff Determination in Amala River Catchment in Kenya
Authors: Kinyanjui Samuel M. , Onyando Japheth O. , Wambua Raphael M.
Published: February 2021

Hydrological response of a catchment is a function of rainfall as influenced by catchment characteristics comprising geomorphology, land cover, and management practices. In this study, the analysis mainly focused on how geomorphological characteristics influence the catchment hydrological response. Geomorphological analyses of catchment geometry, stream patterns, relief, and slope can be used to characterize the catchment features that affect the drainage network. These characteristics are catchment specific and therefore unique to provide an insight into its hydrologic response. The objective of this research was to quantitatively analyze geomorphologic characteristics; linear, areal, drainage pattern, and relief aspect, of Amala River catchment, using ArcGIS tools and infer its hydrological behavior. The morphometry of the catchment was derived from the DEM within the ArcMap environment. These parameters as well as mathematical map equations were used to derive geomorphological characteristics such as bifurcation ratio, rho coefficient, drainage density, infiltration number, form factor among others. The results show that the Amala River catchment is elongated with uniform lithology and a higher probability of delayed peak hydrographs due to longer lag time and time of concentration. The catchment exhibits a dendritic drainage pattern with an average bifurcation ratio of 4.26 which is closer to the upper bound value of 5. This indicates a reduction in peak flows and a delayed time to peak. The surface runoff yield efficiency was low and non-uniform with an average drainage density of 1.073 km/km2. The catchment was characterized by higher infiltration characteristics as compared to surface flows, this varied spatially, with sub-basins far North of the outlet having high infiltration than those near the outlet. The catchment relief was characterized as steep and therefore high stream velocity was inferred. The investigation and findings of this study on catchment geomorphology and inferred hydrologic behavior will be of great importance in catchment management, water resource planning within the catchment, and water harvesting at a spatial scale. Thus, the outcomes provide a baseline for informed water pan and water harvesting structures site.
Ethnopharmacology of Acorus calamus L. among Indigenous Communities of Ganderbal District in Kashmir
Authors: Bhat G. M. , Bhat Rayees A. , Islam M. A. , Bakshi Megna Rashid , Pala N. A. , Majeed Huzaifa , Fatima Shahnaz
Published: February 2021

The present study was undertaken to collect the information regarding ethnomedicinal practices of Acorus calamus and data were collected by using a well-designed interview schedule from local herbal heelers called “Hakeems, Bohris”  experts in the Ayurvedic and Unani medicine, local collectors. The results indicated that the main ailment categories that are treated by Acorus calamus include skin diseases, renal/urinary disorders, muscular/skeletal disorders, respiratory diseases, eye diseases, fever and others. These diseases were treated traditionally by using its different parts after proper processing and at prescribed treatment procedure by the concerned Hakeem, bhoris, Ayurvedic and Unani doctors. The analysis also indicates that 65% of the rhizomes followed by 15% of leaves, 12% of root hairs, whole plant 8% are used for treatment of many diseases under ethno-medicines. Modes of utilization or preparations were powder, paste, decoction and juice. The treatments of diseases with A. calamus enumerated in this study  have given some useful leads for further biomedical research. Nevertheless, more phytochemical, pharmaceutical and clinical studies are needed to evaluate protective properties, efficacy and safety of all the claimed medicinal treatments.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two Self‐Administered Educational Strategies for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , des Bordes Jude K. , Lin Heather , Volk Robert J. , Rizvi Tara , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E.
Published: February 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of self‐administered patient educational tools in improving knowledge and behaviors for the management of knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

We conducted a randomized clinical trial in patients with knee osteoarthritis to assess the efficacy of providing a video for entertainment education, in combination with two booklets, compared with providing the booklets alone. We evaluated changes in scores on a patient knowledge questionnaire, the Decisional Conflict Scale, the Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale, and the Effective Consumer Scale between baseline and same day, 3 months, and 6 months post intervention. We used linear regression models to explore associations between demographic characteristics and outcomes, testing for interactions.

Results

Two hundred nineteen participants were randomly assigned to receive the video + booklets (n = 109) or the booklets alone (n = 110). The mean age of participants was 64.6 (±8.3) years. At 6 months, statistically significant improvements were observed in knowledge and decisional conflict scores for both groups, and statistically significant improvements in the behavior to participate in their health care were observed in the video + booklets group. The video + booklets group was more knowledgeable immediately post intervention than the booklet group (mean difference 0.39 [95% confidence interval 0.02‐0.76]). No other significant changes in outcomes were observed at 6 months between the two groups. The video + booklets combination was associated with decreased decisional conflict in Spanish speakers and increased self‐efficacy in those with less than a high school education.

Conclusion

Although both education strategies were associated with improved knowledge and reduced decisional conflict at 6 months, receiving the video + booklets in combination, compared with receiving the booklets alone, proved to be more effective in changing behaviors and appeared to have some advantages for Spanish speakers and those who were less educated.
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Benefits and Harms of Common Treatments
Authors: Springer Jason M. , Kalot Mohamad A. , Husainat Nedaa M. , Byram Kevin W. , Dua Anisha B. , James Karen E. , Chang Lin Yih , Turgunbaev Marat , Villa‐Forte Alexandra , Abril Andy , Langford Carol , Maz Mehrdad , Chung Sharon A. , Mustafa Reem A.
Published: February 2021

Objective

The aim of this systemic review is to compare different treatments for patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) to inform evidence‐based recommendations for the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/Vasculitis Foundation (VF) Vasculitis Management Guidelines.

Methods

A systemic review was conducted by searching articles in English using OVID Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Articles were screened for suitability in addressing PICO questions, with studies presenting the highest level of evidence given preference.

Results

A total of 729 full‐text articles addressing GPA and MPA PICO questions were reviewed. For remission induction, rituximab was shown to be noninferior to cyclophosphamide (CYC) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55, moderate certainty of evidence). The addition of plasma exchange to induction therapy in severe disease did not improve the composite end point of death or end stage renal disease (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86 [95% confidence interval CI: 0.65, 1.13], moderate certainty of evidence). In nonsevere disease, methotrexate was noninferior to CYC for induction of remission (remission at 6 months of 90% vs. 94%). For maintenance of remission, methotrexate and azathioprine showed no difference in the risk of relapse over a mean follow‐up of 29 months (HR: 0.92, [95% CI: 0.52, 1.65]low certainty of evidence). As maintenance therapy, rituximab was superior to a tapering azathioprine strategy in major relapse‐free survival at 28 months (HR: 6.61, [95% CI: 1.56, 27.96], moderate certainty of evidence). In two randomized trials, longer‐term azathioprine maintenance therapy (>24 months) is associated with fewer relapses without an increase in adverse events.

Conclusion

This comprehensive systematic review synthesizes and evaluates the benefits and toxicities of different treatment options for GPA and MPA.
Separator Design Variables and Recommended Characterization Methods for Viable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jovanović Petar , Mirshekarloo Meysam Sharifzadeh , Hill Matthew R. , Hollenkamp Anthony F. , Majumder Mainak , Shaibani Mahdokht
Published: February 2021

The lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is at the forefront of technologies that can outperform lithium‐ion in at least one index of performance, provided that solutions to poor cycle‐life can be devised. One key component of the Li–S battery is the separator, because it holds tremendous promise for improving cycle‐life by mitigating the well‐known polysulfide shuttle, enabling lean electrolyte configurations, and restricting solid electrolyte interphase growth at the Li‐metal anode. However, in response to the advent of the “functional separator” for Li–S batteries, severe misinterpretations of progress have been made due to the often incomplete presentation of the performance and characterization criteria for these new components. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to look critically at what has been achieved in Li–S separator research, with the aim of reconciling actual progress against claimed improvements. This review advocates the best practices for reporting the performance of Li–S separators and proposes guidelines on measurements with respect to key properties. It is believed that the adoption of these measurement practices, testing, and reporting styles will enable more accurate determination of separator performance and properties, which in turn can allow for more meaningful comparisons between various approaches, as well as facilitating the transition of laboratory concepts to practical designs.
Everolimus for severe arrhythmias in tuberous sclerosis complex related cardiac rhabdomyomas
Authors: Silva‐Sánchez María P. , Alvarado‐Socarras Jorge L. , Castro‐Monsalve Javier , Meneses Keyla Milena , Santiago Justo , Prada Carlos E.
Published: February 2021

Intracardiac rhabdomyoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children. Most cases are associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Most of them are asymptomatic in the neonate and do not require treatment. However, some develop cardiovascular symptoms such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and ventricular inflow/outflow tract obstruction in the neonatal period with early death. Many of these tumors are not candidates for surgical resection and medical management is limited. Treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor is currently approved for the management of central nervous tumors and angiomyolipoma in TSC. Two patients with malignant arrhythmias related to nonsurgical multiple rhabdomyomas associated with TSC who were successfully treated with an mTOR inhibitor were described. Everolimus therapy showed significant regression of rhabdomyomas with rapid improvement of arrhythmias and heart failure prior to tumor shrinkage.
Metal‐Free Reductive Aldol Reactions
Authors: Dutta Lona , Mondal Atanu , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: February 2021

The reductive aldol reaction (RAR) is an important carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reaction. Several methods have been developed with the RAR as the key step to access complex molecular frameworks. An overview of the literature pertaining to the metal‐free reductive aldol chemistry is presented. The RARs facilitated by boranes, phosphine oxides, and phosphines is deliberated in a comprehensive manner. The scope, limitations, mechanistic insights and applications of these methods are also discussed.
Group 11 Borataalkene Complexes: Models for Alkene Activation
Authors: Phillips Nicholas A. , Kong Richard Y. , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: February 2021

A series of linear late transition metal (M=Cu, Ag, Au and Zn) complexes featuring a side‐on [B=C]− containing ligand have been isolated and characterised. The [B=C]− moiety is isoelectronic with the C=C system of an alkene. Comparison across the series shows that in the solid‐state, deviation between the η2 and η1 coordination mode occurs. A related zinc complex containing two [B=C]− ligands was prepared as a further point of comparison for the η1 coordination mode. The bonding in these new complexes has been interrogated by computational techniques (QTAIM, NBO, ETS‐NOCV) and rationalised in terms of the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model. The combined structural and computational data provide unique insight into catalytically relevant linear d10 complexes of Cu, Ag and Au. Slippage is proposed to play a key role in catalytic reactions of alkenes through disruption and polarisation of the π‐system. Through the preparation and analysis of a consistent series of group 11 complexes, we show that variation of the metal can impact the coordination mode and hence substrate activation.
Programming Gels Over a Wide pH Range Using Multicomponent Systems
Authors: Panja Santanu , Dietrich Bart , Shebanova Olga , Smith Andrew J. , Adams Dave J.
Published: February 2021

Multicomponent hydrogels offer a tremendous opportunity for preparing useful and exciting materials that cannot be accessed using a single component. Here, we describe an unusual multi‐component low‐molecular weight gelling system that exhibits pH‐responsive behavior involving cooperative hydrogen bonding between the components, allowing it to maintain a gel phase across a wide pH range. Unlike traditional acid‐triggered gels, our system undergoes a change in the underlying molecular packing and maintains the β‐sheet structure both at acidic and basic pH. We further establish that autonomous programming between these two gel states is possible by an enzymatic reaction which allows us to prepare gels with improved mechanical properties.
A preparation method of porous surface nitrile butadiene rubber with low friction coefficient under water lubrication condition by salt leaching
Authors: Jin Da , Xiao Ke , Han Yanfeng , Xiang Guo , Zhou Zhen , Wang Jiaxu
Published: February 2021

Nitrile butadiene rubber is widely used in water‐lubricated bearings due to its excellent performance. Generally, the friction coefficient of water‐lubricated rubber bearings typically between 0.05 and 0.18. In this study, a new method for preparing nitrile butadiene rubber with micro‐holes surface is developed by porous leaching with salt as pore forming agent. The possibility of using porous surface to minimize friction and wear of rubber materials is researched. The influence of structural parameters, including the hole density and size (which are determined by salt mass fraction of rubber compounds and salt grain‐sized, respectively) on tribology performances are also evaluated. In a ring‐on‐block test, the optimal parameters of modified rubber achieved a low friction coefficient of 0.008, which reduced by 42% compared with untreated one (0.019) under the same operating condition. It can be expected that the developed method is beneficial to reduce the friction coefficient of rubber‐steel friction pair under water lubricated condition.
Effect of environmental variables on the number of births at California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) rookeries throughout the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Pelayo‐González Lili , Hernández‐Camacho Claudia J. , Aurioles‐Gamboa David , Gallo‐Reynoso Juan P. , Barba‐Acuña Isai D. , Godínez‐Reyes Carlos , Ramírez‐Delgado David , Ávalos‐Téllez Rosalía , Rubio‐Rodríguez Uriel , Villalobos Héctor
Published: February 2021

The 13 California sea lion breeding colonies in the Gulf of California (GoC), Mexico are each characterized by different population growth trends, including a variable number of births. Despite being located in a highly productive marine area, both the species’ population and the number of births have declined significantly over the past few decades.

The goal of this study was to assess the effects of certain environmental variables on the number of births at colonies in three regions (northern, central and southern) of the GoC (1995–2018). Data on diet, small pelagic fish catches by fisheries, the density of small pelagic fish schools, remotely sampled values of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll‐a concentration and El Niño Southern Oscillation events were collected in order to evaluate whether these variables had an effect on the number of births using correlations and generalized linear models.

No significant relationships were found between the environmental variables and the number of births. However, the number of births decreased when the sea surface temperature anomalies exceeded 1°C in the northern and central regions of the GoC. Although no significant relationships were found between the small pelagic fish catches and the number of births, positive trends were observed between sardine catches and the number of births during certain periods in the central region. A positive correlation between the density of small pelagic fish schools and the number of births suggests a possible relationship between prey availability and reproductive success in the central region.

A Programme of Action for the Conservation of the Species should be promoted by the Federal Government and carried out in order to implement specific management actions. Specifically, surveillance efforts should increase, fishing gear conversion plans should be established and sea lion exclusion devices should be introduced, among other measures.