bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Kinetic Energy in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer from Minisodar Measurements
Authors: Potekaev Alexander , Shamanaeva Liudmila , Kulagina Valentina
Published: March 2021

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the atmospheric kinetic energy and its components caused by the ordered and turbulent motions of air masses are estimated from minisodar measurements of three velocity vector components and their variances within the lowest 5–200 m layer of the atmosphere, with a particular emphasis on the turbulent kinetic energy. The layered structure of the total atmospheric kinetic energy has been established. From the diurnal hourly dynamics of the altitude profiles of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) retrieved from minisodar data, four layers are established by the character of the altitude TKE dependence, namely, the near-ground layer, the surface layer, the layer with a linear TKE increase, and the transitive layer above. In the first layer, the most significant changes of the ТКЕ were observed in the evening hours. In the second layer, no significant changes in the TKE values were observed. A linear increase in the TKE values with altitude was observed in the third layer. In the fourth layer, the TKE slightly increased with altitude and exhibited variations during the entire observation period. The altitudes of the upper boundaries of these layers depended on the time of day. The MKE values were much less than the corresponding TKE values, they did not exceed 50 m2/s2. From two to four MKE layers were distinguished based on the character of its altitude dependence. The two-layer structures were observed in the evening and at night (under conditions of the stable atmospheric boundary layer). In the morning and daytime, the four-layer MKE structures with intermediate layers of linear increase and subsequent decrease in the MKE values were observed. Our estimates demonstrated that the ТКЕ contribution to the total atmospheric kinetic energy considerably (by a factor of 2.5–3) exceeded the corresponding МКЕ contribution.
El ejercicio del derecho a la salud en personas mayores en Argentina y Colombia: una aproximación a partir del análisis de la mortalidad por causas sensibles a la atención de la salud en el siglo XXI
Authors: Rojas Cabrera Eleonora , Peranovich Andrés , Cardona Arango Doris , Lizcano Cardona Douglas
Published: March 2021

A partir de que Argentina y Colombia reconocen la salud como un derecho esencial y se comprometen, entre otras cuestiones, a brindar prestaciones sanitarias para garantizar su ejercicio sin discriminación, se propone indagar, comparativamente, acerca de los desafíos que estos países enfrentan para cumplir con este compromiso en las personas de sesenta años y más. Para ello, se calculan y analizan, para los trienios 2000-2002 y 2013-2015, tasas de mortalidad por causas consideradas sensibles a la atención de la salud según país, sexo y edad, con base en información de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, y se calculan proporciones específicas sobre encuestas oficiales de cada país. Los resultados evidencian, en ambos países y para el conjunto de causas referidas, una mayor mortalidad en hombres, que crece con la edad hasta los 74 años y con tendencia al descenso, principalmente en Colombia. Un análisis más detallado por causas revela una situación similar en este último caso, a diferencia de Argentina, donde aumenta la mortalidad asociada a enfermedades respiratorias. Independientemente de estas diferencias, las tasas obtenidas al final del período investigado acusan, en los dos países, la necesidad de redoblar los esfuerzos para continuar su reducción (o revertir su incremento), con especial foco en las personas mayores que menos recursos tienen y su valor en tanto ciudadanos con iguales derechos al resto de la población.
Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Anatomi Kadaver Dibandingkan Video Terhadap Pemahaman Neuroanatomi pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran
Authors: Utami Prasetya , Hastami Yunia , Munawaroh Siti , Wiyono Nanang
Published: March 2021

Pendahuluan : Neuroanatomi merupakan ilmu penting bagi kedokteran, namun masih ditemukan mahasiswa kedokteran yang merasa kesulitan memahami pembelajaran neuroanatomi. Salah satu faktor yang berperan penting adalah media pembelajaran anatomi. Kadaver merupakan media pembelajaran anatomi tradisional yang masih digunakan hingga saat ini dengan berbagai kekurangan dan kelebihan  yang dimilikinya. Sedangkan media video merupakan media pembelajaran anatomi yang diniliai lebih praktis dan sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman, sehingga di nilai bisa sebagai media alternatif selain kadaver. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media pembelajaran anatomi menggunakan kadaver dibandingkan video terhadap pemahaman neuroanatomi mahasiswa kedokteran.

Metode : Jenis penelitian ini ialah Quasi Experimental Research dengan Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi kedokteran UNS tahun 2019. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 42 oranag. Data kemudian diolah dengan uji Paired Sample T-Test dan Independent T-test menggunakan program SPSS 22.

Hasil : Hasil Paired Sample T-Test kelompok kadaver dan video menunjukan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05 yaitu 0,000. Sehingga media kadaver maupun video dinilai efektif terhadap pemahaman neuroanatomi mahasiswa. Hasil uji Independent T-test untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara efektivitas media pembelajaran anatomi menggunakan kadaver dibandingkan video terhadap pemahaman neuroanatomi mahasiswa kedokteran memperlihatkan nilai p = 0,730, sehingga menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan karena p 0,05 pada taraf signifikan 5%.

Kesimpulan : Media pembelajaran anatomi kadaver maupun video terbukti efektif meningkatkan pemahaman neuroanatomi pada mahasiswa kedokteran. Selain itu, media pembelajaran anatomi kadaver dibandingkan video memiliki efektivitas yang sama terhadap pemahaman neuroanatomi pada mahasiswa kedokteran

Kata kunci : Kadaver; Video Anatomi; Pemahaman Neuroanatomi
Transitioning from Rig to Vessel Based Interventions to Maximize Economic Recovery
Authors: Avery Mike , Morris David , Morgan Tony , Manson Greg , Gillespie David
Published: March 2021

As energy markets evolve, the supply mix diversifies, and the push for a net zero energy system accelerates, the competitiveness of oil and gas has become increasingly important. A focus upon the total cost of ownership across the field lifecycle has begun to emerge as a driving factor within subsea oil and gas project evaluation, with greater emphasis on cost-effective operations. Acknowledging that the life of field begins within the engineering, procurement, construction, and installation phase of a project allows the operator to influence through life activities to greatest effect and achieve a balanced optimization of capital and operational expenditure.

Intervention is a key activity for maintaining and optimizing a subsea wells performance, from initial installation, through the producing life, and finally during decommissioning. As completion technologies continue to evolve, opportunities emerge for optimization of the systems used to intervene upon subsea wells. One of the largest areas of opportunity is the simplification of a technique to permit operations from a more efficient rig or vessel. This paper explores some of the solutions available today which allow historically rig based activities to be performed from vessels. These include riser based intervention systems, hydraulic intervention solutions, well abandonment technologies, and subsea workover control systems.

An evaluation of the presented techniques against alternative approaches is shared, to aid the reader in selecting the optimal solution for an application. Guidance is provided to assist in identifying the key decision criteria, complete with the capabilities and limitations of each solution.

The conclusions identify that designing a subsea production system with the flexibility to accommodate life of field activities can deliver reduced total cost of ownership to operators. A key part of this is consideration of optimized intervention techniques which can leverage simpler vessels for deployment and operation. By reducing the vessel specification, broad benefits can be realized including reduced asset day rate, reduced operational duration, and increased asset availability globally. This permits improved scheduling and reduced mobilization costs, in some cases enabling intervention activities which otherwise would not be economical.
THE VALIDITY OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA INTEGRATED NATURAL SCIENCE BASED ON GUIDED INQUIRY WITH THEME ENERGY IN THE LIFE THAT INTEGRATE OF LEARNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors:   Student of Magister Degree Program of Physics Education, UniversitasNegeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat Padang-25131, Indonesia., Ariani Rizka , a Ratnawulan ,   Lecturer of Master Degree Program of Physics Education, UniversitasNegeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat Padang-25131, Indonesia., Fauzi Ahmad ,   Lecturer of Master Degree Program of Physics Education, UniversitasNegeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat Padang-25131, Indonesia.
Published: March 2021

This study discusses the validity of the development of integrated science interactive multimedia with the theme of energy in life which is integrated with 21st century learning using a guided inquiry model for grade VII students in junior high schools (SMP). To get a valid interactive multimedia, an expert review was carried out by several people who are experts in their fields using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire sheet given to three experts. The results of the evaluation of the validity of the Integrated Science interactive multimedia show that the developed multimedia is in the valid category. This can prove that the development of integrated science interactive multimedia based on guided inquiry with the theme of energy in the integrated life of 21st century learning is valid for further development and can be used in the learning process.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE CAUSATIVE RISK FACTORS OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AMONG CHILDREN
Authors: Mohammed Al Johani Samah
Published: March 2021

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a complicated disorder that affects childrens cognition and behavior. The exact cause of ADHD is not known however, multiple risk factors may be involved. This study aims to provide an overview of the different risk factors involved in the development of ADHD through reviewing and summarizing all recently published researches in this respect. Multiple factors were evaluated to find out their relation to ADHD. Various genetic loci and mutations were found to be linked to ADHD susceptibility. Environmental factors as prenatal smoking, maternal obesity, vitamin D and minerals deficiencies, birth-related problems, pesticides, and lead exposure, artificial food coloring, and sugar consumption were investigated and proven to increase ADHD. Structural brain abnormalities and traumatic brain injury were also involved as risk factors of ADHD. Although the exact causes of ADHD are not discovered, multiple genetic, environmental and structural brain abnormalities proved to play a role in ADHD development. Mutations in Latrophilin 3 (LPHN3) gene linked with increase ADHD susceptibility. Reduced gray matter volume may contribute to ADHD development. Sugar consumption and artificial food colorings increase hyperactivity in both ADHD and normal children.
PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF COMPONENT CROPS IN LEGUME-UPLAND RICE INTERCROPPING SYSTEM AS INFLUENCED BY ZINC RATE
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, College of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria., E.U Mbah , K.C Emeasor ,   Department of Plant Health Management, College of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria., P.I Okocha ,   Department of Agronomy, College of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria., E.U Eteng ,   Department of Soil Science and Meteorology, College of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria., K.O Orji ,   Department of Agronomy, College of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria., E.A Agbo ,   Department of Agronomy, College of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria., P Nzem ,   Technical Services Unit, College of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Published: March 2021

The application of zinc to some selected legumes (cowpea - Vignaunguiculata L. Walp., soybean Ã¢Â€Â“ Glycine max L. Merr. or mungbean - Vigna radiate L. Wilczek) intercropped with upland rice (OryzaesativaL.) may improve the presence of residual nitrogen in the cropping system andprotein in-take of farmers faced with protein and mineral deficiency, especially zinc in their daily food menu. Information on the effect of zinc on legumes and rice is inadequate. The study investigated zinc rate effectsonshoot zinc status, grain yieldand productivity of the crop species in sole and intercrop with upland rice. There were three separate trials laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Zinc rate (0, 2, 4 and 6 KgÃ¢Â€Â¢ha-1) were applied to the sole and intercrop in the trials. Intercropping legumes with rice exhibited a high degree of complementarity. On average, 2 Kg ZnÃ¢Â€Â¢ha-1 gave the highest total land equivalent ratio (LER 1.89) in soybean/rice, followed by 4 Kg ZnÃ¢Â€Â¢ha-1 (LER 1.64) in mungbean/rice compared to other zinc rates.The application of 6 Kg ZnÃ¢Â€Â¢ha-1 in cowpea/rice intercrop gave the highesttotal gross monetary and net returns (NR) but lowest benefitÃ¢Â€Â“cost ratio (BCR) compared to the other trials at the same Zn rate.In mungbean/rice intercrop,highest NR (Ã¢Â‚Â¦263692:77Ã¢Â€Â¢haÃ¢ÂˆÂ’1)and BCR(0.90) were exhibited at 4 Kg ZnÃ¢Â€Â¢ha-1. The application of 4 or 6 Kg ZnÃ¢Â€Â¢ha-1in intercropping to the selected legumespecies with upland rice enhanced productivity and financial returns in the systems.
CHONDROSARCOMAS OF THE HAND: A REPORT OF THREE CASES
Authors:   Orthopaedic Traumatology Unit, Mohammed VI University, Marrakesh., Yassine Chaouqui , Haoury Hanane El ,   Orthopaedic Traumatology Unit, Mohammed VI University, Marrakesh., Rachid Chafik ,   Orthopaedic Traumatology Unit, Mohammed VI University, Marrakesh., Mohamed Madhar ,   Orthopaedic Traumatology Unit, Mohammed VI University, Marrakesh., Youssef Najeb ,   Orthopaedic Traumatology Unit, Mohammed VI University, Marrakesh.
Published: March 2021

Chondrosarcoma of the hand is very rare. We report three observations of chondrosarcoma of the hand, which enable us to make a review of its pathology. The follow-up was up to 2 years.There were two women and one man with an average age of 48 years old (30, 85 and 31). The localisation was phalangeal in two cases and metacarpal in one case, one case followed for chondroma. The three cases were central. X-rays were characterized by the presence of lytic areas with calcifications and in one case, we showed a calcification in the peripheral tissue. Histological diagnosis was made by biopsy (grade 2 in two cases and grade 1 in one case). Treatment consisted of amputation of the finger in two cases. In the case of metacarpal localization, wide resection of concerned ray. The patients showed no local recurrence and no metastatic spread after 2 years.The chondrosarcoma in the hand may due to malignant change in a pre-existing chondroma. He is the most common malignant bone tumor of the hand. This shows that the diagnosis of a chondrosarcoma can only be made in the synopsis of the radiological, histological and clinical findings.The metastasis of hand chondrosarcomas is very rare but has been described. With regard to the local recurrence rate, the data in the literature varies between 11% and 50%. Conservative treatment is difficult due to the small size of the hand, which allows easy spread of the tumor from compartment to compartment.Despite the low metastatic potential of chondrosarcomas of the hand in comparison with other sites, ray resection or digital amputation is recommended to avoid local recurrence. In cases with only local excision, close follow-up is recommended.
BROODSTOCK SEX RATIO IMPROVES FRY PRODUCTION IN NILE TILAPIA(OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) IN NORTHERN SENEGAL
Authors:   Universite Gaston Berger, UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de lAquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires., Amadou Ly Mouhamadou , Ngom Abdoulaye ,   Agence Nationale dInsertion et de Developpement Agricole, Ferme Piscicole de DiamaMaraye., Bamba Fall Ahmadou ,   Agence Nationale dInsertion et de Developpement Agricole, Ferme Piscicole de DiamaMaraye., Diouf Ousmane ,   Agence Nationale dInsertion et de Developpement Agricole, Ferme Piscicole de DiamaMaraye.
Published: March 2021

This present study was conducted to determine fry production in different male-female sex ratios of Oreochromis niloticusbroodstock in order to improve fry production, which handicapped the development of fish farming in northern Senegal. A total of 180 broodfish (47 males and 133 females) were stocked at a density of 2 fish /m2and was replicated three times for each sex ratio of 1:2, 1:3and 1:4 (male : female). Mean body weight ranges from 136.47Â±2.13 and 107.27Â±2.14 g for female and male O. niloticusbroodstock, respectively. The experiment was conducted for 90 days and the broods were fed on commercial diet containing 32% crude protein.Fish were held in 9 rectangular tanks of 30 m3 each (10 Ã— 3 Ã— 1) and half-filled. The results showed that number of fry produced at different sex ratios were significantly different, with sex ratio of 1:2 producing a highest number of fry (279.67) per female, followed by the 1:3and 1:4 treatment recorded the lowest.Broodstock sex ratios also did not affect female survival rates and all treatments had 100% survival rates. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH values obtained were suitable for good water quality and normal tilapia reproduction.In conclusion, the results of the present study recommend to stock Oreochromis niloticus brooders when stocked at a density of 2 fish /m2 at a sex ratio of 1 male : 2 female in order to obtain the highest fry production.
BRACHIAL ARTERY REPAIR IN TRAUMA PATIENTS - OUTCOME ANALYSIS
Authors:   Dept.of Vascular Surgery, Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai., Saravanan S. , Elancheralathan K. ,   Dept.of Vascular Surgery, Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai., Shanmugavelayutham C. ,   Dept.of Vascular Surgery, Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai., Kumar Deepan ,   Dept.of Vascular Surgery, Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: RTA occurs commonly in young adults,so polytrauma including vascular injury is commonly managed in our institution,and this study is to analyse the out comes brachial artery injury repair Methods: This is a prospective study from august 2015 to may 2018,. All patients admitted with upper limb vascular trauma with brachial artery injury (n=27) included in our study. Results: Though graft thrombosis or anastomotic thrombosis seen in two patients,on 3rd or 4th post operative day, the limb salvage rate is 100% in our study. Conclusion: Since brachial artery injury commonly occurs in young individuals timely intervention saves the upper limb in most cases so that they can do their works which is essential for their family because they are the breadwinners of the family.
EFFECTIVENESS OF METACOGNITION-BASED READING ENRICHMENT PROGRAM TO STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Vigil M. Batuctoc Leo
Published: March 2021

The main focus of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the metacognition-based reading enrichment program to the students reading comprehension. The pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design which falls under the quasi-experimental design was used. On the test of significant difference between the formative test mean scores of the experimental and comparison groups, it was found out that the formative tests had significant effect to the respondents reading comprehension. Moreover, based on the computed Cohens d value, the lessons have a small top medium effect size. It was revealed that there is a significant difference between the posttest mean scores of the experimental and comparison groups at 0.01 level of significance. Moreover, based on the computed Cohens d value of 0.98, the effect size of the metacognition-based reading enrichment program to the students reading comprehension based on the posttest is large. There is a significant difference between the formative test mean scores of the students in the comparison and experimental group under the metacognition-based reading enrichment program. Furthermore, Cohens effect size values suggested a small to medium practical significance. There is a significant difference between the posttest mean scores of the students in the comparison and experimental group under the metacognition-based reading enrichment program. Furthermore, Cohens effect size value (d=0.98) suggested a substantial effect of the metacognition-based reading enrichment program to the respondents reading comprehension. As for the recommendations, it was noted that there is a need for English teachers to integrate the instruction of metacognitive strategies, as it helps in improving students reading comprehension.
EVIDENCE - BASED HOMEOPATHY:CASE REPORT OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER
Authors:   Faculty of Homeopathy, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Pune -18., Kanchan R. Tayade , Priya P. Singh ,   Faculty of Homeopathy, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Pune -18.
Published: March 2021

Diabetes is a globally affected metabolic disease.Diabetic foot ulcer is a frequent complication seen in diabetic patients due to neuropathy and vascular diseases, this is a condition where a structured management,self care& monitoring is necessary to reduce the risk of mortality & morbidity of disease. As per our homoeopathic science, we treat the whole person & not only the disease. We aimed at identifying the disease & treating the disease with the Similimum Constitutionalremedy.People with uncontrolled diabetes are more likely to be affected with the skin disorders and ulcer formation, it occurs due to improper circulation,pressure,trauma and high blood sugar. It increases risk of gangrene, leading to amputation and permanent disability.For this Multidisciplinary Management is necessary to avoid this complication. Background andObjectives:Assessment of diabetic ulcer on the basis of clinical background and totality, with significant improvement and complete cure , and its evidence of pictures of healing observed in the diabetic ulcer.This wasa case of 49 years old male who presented with a history of Diabetic ulcer on left leg malleolus , he is a known case of Insulin dependent type II Diabetes Mellitus .The case presented here is documented from Health Care Homeopathic Clinic,Katraj, Pune Maharashtra, India.Patient was treated with individualized Homeopathic medicine over a period of 6 months , and there was significant improvement with complete healing of ulcer. Methodology:Homeopathic medicine was indicated, based on totality of symptoms and assessed with photographs.
Facial-affective communication and verbal relational offers during ruptures and resolution strategies: A single case study
Authors: Altimir Colao Carolina , Valdés-Sánchez Nelson
Published: March 2021

Research on the therapeutic relationship has underscored its central role for the therapeutic change process, indicating the relevance of determining the specific elements and mechanisms involved in its configuration (Knobloch-Fedders, Elkin, & Kiesler, 2014). Research on ruptures of the therapeutic relationship has yielded particular contributions to better understanding the interpersonal negotiation process involved in the patient-therapist interaction. Although previous studies have contributed to the objective characterization and the exhaustive description of ruptures, more research is needed to further specify markers that allow a better understanding about how patterns of affective regulation between patient and therapist are involved and contribute to the emergence of these events and the attempts at reparation. The aim of this study is to characterize patient’s and therapist’s facial-affective behavior associated to verbal relational offers (RO) during rupture (R) and resolution strategy (RS) events in a brief psychodynamic therapy. Facial-affective behavior was determined using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), ROs were derived from the content analysis of session transcripts, and R and RS were determined using the 3RS. Nested analyses were carried to establish associations between variables. Results indicate characteristic patient-therapist facial-verbal regulatory patterns for both rupture and resolution strategy events. These findings underscore the value of combining multiple approaches to allow an access to observable indicators of dyadic affect regulatory processes that can contribute to better understand and be attentive to the oscillations of the therapeutic relationship.
The Effect of Metformin on Aminotransferase Levels, Metabolic Parameters and Body Mass Index in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Metaanalysis
Authors: Hu Haibo , Wang Junjie , Li Xi , Shen Lujun , Shi Danhe , Meng Juanjuan
Published: March 2021

Background:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common reasons for the
increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Moreover, liver-
associated death is approximately 10 times higher in patients with NAFLD than in common individuals. In
theory, NAFLD is a kind of metabolic syndrome that manifests in the liver, and insulin resistance plays an important
role in it. Therefore, drugs that improve insulin sensitivity may be effective for NAFLD.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin treatment on aminotransferase levels,
metabolic parameters and body mass index in NAFLD patients via a meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Methods:

A comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register
of Controlled Trials was performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of metformin treatment
on aminotransferase levels, metabolic parameters and body mass index in NAFLD patients. Serum hepatic
enzyme, lipid, glucose and insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index
and body mass index (BMI) at different follow-up points exhibited desirable outcomes. The final search
was performed in January, 2021.

Results:

In total, 10 RCTs with 459 patients were included. Compared with controls, metformin could effectively
reduce serum fasting glucose and insulin levels and the HOMA-IR index in NAFLD patients at the 6-month
follow-up. In addition, metformin could clearly reduce the serum ALT and HOMA-IR index at the 12-month
follow-up. Although metformin was found to be effective in managing lipid metabolism and controlling BMI in
NAFLD patients compared with that at baseline, the effect was similar to that in controls. In addition, the speed
of metformin treatment seemed to be slower than that of controls.

Conclusion:

Compared to the controls, metformin could effectively reduce the serum fasting glucose and insulin
levels and the HOMA-IR index in NAFLD patients at the 6-month follow-up and ALT and the HOMA-IR
index at the 12-month follow-up.
Molecular Evaluation of Exon 8 Cystathionine rs5742905T T>C Gene Polymorphism and Determination of its Frequency, Distribution Pattern, and Association with Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease in the North Indian Population
Authors: Sumi Mamta P. , Guru Sameer A. , Mir Rashid , Sahu Samantak , Bhat Musadiq A. , Girish M.P. , Saxena Alpana
Published: March 2021

Background:

The protein coded by the cystathionine β synthase (CBS) gene acts as a catalyzer
and converts homocysteine to cystathionine. Impairment of the CBS gene leads to homocystinuria
by cystathionine β synthase deficiency which is linked to Coronary Artery Disease. A
number of polymorphisms studies have been performed on the cystathionine β synthase gene. In
the current study, we planned to analyze the influence of CBS T833C gene polymorphism(exon 8
cystathionine rs5742905T T>C), its association with Coronary Artery Disease development, and its
progression in the north Indian population.

Materials and Methods:

The present study comprises 100 angiographically confirmed CAD patients
and 100 age and sex-matched healthy controls. A total of 50% or more luminal stenosis at
one major coronary artery was considered for the inclusion criteria of the cases. The investigation
of T833C polymorphism in the CBS gene was performed by PCR- RFLP technique.

Result:

As a result, we found that homozygous mutant (CC) and heterozygous (TC) genotypes of
CBS T833C gene polymorphism were significantly higher in CAD patients than in healthy subjects.
We also observed a substantially increased CAD risk in dominant, codominant inheritance,
and allele-specific models for the CBS T833C gene polymorphism. We analyzed the differential
distribution with respect to disease severity, but there was no significant association (p=0.96).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that CBS T833C gene polymorphism plays a
key role in developing coronary artery disease and its progression.
Influence of Nano-sized Al2O3 Reinforcements on the Mechanical Behavior
of the Al7075 Composites
Authors: Reddy M.S. Prashanth , Raju Hemadri P. , Banapurmath Nagaraj R. , Meti Vinod Kumar V. , Patil Arun Y.
Published: March 2021

Aims:

Al7075 is a well-defined alloy for its excellent physical and mechanical behavior,
such as high strength, toughness, and low density. To reach the expectations of the automobile and aerospace
applications, the properties of Al7075 alloy have to be improved by reinforcing nano-sized
Al2O3 particles.

Objectives:

Synthesis and characterization of the Al7075 alloy reinforced with Al2O3 nano particles for
different structural engineering applications.

Methods:

In this present work, nano-sized Al2O3 particles were added and dispersed homogeneously
using a stir casting technique. AA7076/Al2O3 composites were prepared by varying wt.% percent of
Al2O3 reinforcement particles (0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5. 1.75 and 2 wt.% (weight-percentage)).

Results:

The SEM micrographs reveal the homogeneous distribution of Al2O3 reinforcements along the
grain boundaries of the Al7075 matrix material. The experimental test results showed that the addition
of Al2O3 reinforcements and the mechanical properties of the Al7075/Al2O3 composite improved as
compared to the Al7075 matrix material.

Conclusion:

The composite with 1.5 wt.% Al2O3 showed higher strength and hardness as compared to
other reinforcements.
Conceptualizing Illness: Nodding Syndrome in Northern Uganda
Authors: Van Bemmel Karin
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an ethnographic study of conceptualizations of nodding syndrome (NS) in Uganda. NS is a poorly understood condition characterized by repetitive nodding of the head, mental retardation and stunted growth, which affects thousands of children in northern Uganda, South Sudan and Tanzania. Although extensive research for causative agents has been conducted, no convincing single cause has been reported. This study establishes an understanding of different representations of NS and argues that the episodes of head nodding are related to the socio-political body in which they are manifested. Three interwoven approaches towards NS take main stage whereby the syndrome is presented as a biomedical, spiritual and/or political problem. The conceptualizations are linked to different notions of healing and affected families combine various forms of therapy. Through the examination of different narratives, this study disrupts the idea of a singular perspective on illness and pleads for a focus on motion and plurality.

KEY WORDS: NODDING SYNDROME, UGANDA, HEALTH, CONCEPTUALIZATION, ANTHROPOLOGY
Beyond Silencing the Guns: China and a new Metaphor for Peace and Security in Africa
Authors: Velthuizen Andreas
Published: March 2021

The author presents the tentative results of ongoing research into a new paradigm for peace and security in Africa. The empirical foundation of the research is the result of a triangulation of research methods that involved literature study, reflexive journaling and thematic analysis. The discussion aims to determine how China can contribute to the renewal of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). The aim is achieved by discussing and analysing the current APSA, including the challenges experienced, as well as the policy commitments and security activities of China in Africa. The research concludes that China is building a military intervention capacity to protect its interests in Africa. However, a new metaphor is needed that will bring solutions to the peace and security challenges of Africa. In this regard China can play an important role in assisting the APSA to focus on issues such as social transformation, capacity building for socio-economic development, and education aimed at peace and security.

KEY WORDS: PEACE, SECURITY, CHINA, AFRICA, MILITARY INTERVENTION
An mHealth App (Speech Banana) for Auditory Training: App Design and Development Study
Authors: Ratnanather J Tilak , Bhattacharya Rohit , Heston Margo B , Song Joanne , Fernandez Lindsey R , Lim Hong Seo , Lee Seung-Wook , Tam Edric , Yoo Sungho , Bae Seung-Ho , Lam Inez , Jeon Hyoung Won , Chang Son A , Koo Ja-Won
Published: March 2021

Background

With the growing adult population using electronic hearing devices such as cochlear implants or hearing aids, there is an increasing worldwide need for auditory training (AT) to promote optimal device use. However, financial resources and scheduling conflicts make clinical AT infeasible.

Objective

To address this gap between need and accessibility, we primarily aimed to develop a mobile health (mHealth) app called Speech Banana for AT. The app would be substantially more affordable and portable than clinical AT; would deliver a validated training model that is reflective of modern techniques; and would track users’ progress in speech comprehension, providing greater continuity between periodic in-person visits. To improve international availability, our secondary aim was to implement the English language training model into Korean as a proof of concept for worldwide usability.

Methods

A problem- and objective-centered Design Science Research Methodology approach was adopted to develop the Speech Banana app. A review of previous literature and computer-based learning programs outlined current AT gaps, whereas interviews with speech pathologists and users clarified the features that were addressed in the app. Past and present users were invited to evaluate the app via community forums and the System Usability Scale.

Results

Speech Banana has been implemented in English and Korean languages for iPad and web use. The app comprises 38 lessons, which include analytic exercises pairing visual and auditory stimuli, and synthetic quizzes presenting auditory stimuli only. During quizzes, users type the sentence heard, and the app provides visual feedback on performance. Users may select a male or female speaker and the volume of background noise, allowing for training with a range of frequencies and signal-to-noise ratios. There were more than 3200 downloads of the English iPad app and almost 100 downloads of the Korean app; more than 100 users registered for the web apps. The English app received a System Usability Scale rating of “good” from 6 users, and the Korean app received a rating of “OK” from 16 users.

Conclusions

Speech Banana offers AT accessibility with a validated curriculum, allowing users to develop speech comprehension skills with the aid of a mobile device. This mHealth app holds potential as a supplement to clinical AT, particularly in this era of global telemedicine.
The Effect of Sensor Placement and Number on Physical Activity Recognition and Energy Expenditure Estimation in Older Adults: Validation Study
Authors: Davoudi Anis , Mardini Mamoun T , Nelson David , Albinali Fahd , Ranka Sanjay , Rashidi Parisa , Manini Todd M
Published: March 2021

Background

Research has shown the feasibility of human activity recognition using wearable accelerometer devices. Different studies have used varying numbers and placements for data collection using sensors.

Objective

This study aims to compare accuracy performance between multiple and variable placements of accelerometer devices in categorizing the type of physical activity and corresponding energy expenditure in older adults.

Methods

In total, 93 participants (mean age 72.2 years, SD 7.1) completed a total of 32 activities of daily life in a laboratory setting. Activities were classified as sedentary versus nonsedentary, locomotion versus nonlocomotion, and lifestyle versus nonlifestyle activities (eg, leisure walk vs computer work). A portable metabolic unit was worn during each activity to measure metabolic equivalents (METs). Accelerometers were placed on 5 different body positions: wrist, hip, ankle, upper arm, and thigh. Accelerometer data from each body position and combinations of positions were used to develop random forest models to assess activity category recognition accuracy and MET estimation.

Results

Model performance for both MET estimation and activity category recognition were strengthened with the use of additional accelerometer devices. However, a single accelerometer on the ankle, upper arm, hip, thigh, or wrist had only a 0.03-0.09 MET increase in prediction error compared with wearing all 5 devices. Balanced accuracy showed similar trends with slight decreases in balanced accuracy for the detection of locomotion (balanced accuracy decrease range 0-0.01), sedentary (balanced accuracy decrease range 0.05-0.13), and lifestyle activities (balanced accuracy decrease range 0.04-0.08) compared with all 5 placements. The accuracy of recognizing activity categories increased with additional placements (accuracy decrease range 0.15-0.29). Notably, the hip was the best single body position for MET estimation and activity category recognition.

Conclusions

Additional accelerometer devices slightly enhance activity recognition accuracy and MET estimation in older adults. However, given the extra burden of wearing additional devices, single accelerometers with appropriate placement appear to be sufficient for estimating energy expenditure and activity category recognition in older adults.
Integration of Motor Learning Principles Into Virtual Reality Interventions for Individuals With Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review
Authors: Demers Marika , Fung Karen , Subramanian Sandeep K , Lemay Martin , Robert Maxime T
Published: March 2021

Background

Increasing evidence supports the use of virtual reality systems to improve upper limb motor functions in individuals with cerebral palsy. While virtual reality offers the possibility to include key components to promote motor learning, it remains unclear if and how motor learning principles are incorporated into the development of rehabilitation interventions using virtual reality.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which motor learning principles are integrated into virtual reality interventions targeting upper limb function in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search was performed in 10 databases using a combination of keywords related to cerebral palsy, virtual reality, video games, and rehabilitation. Studies were divided into 2 categories: commercial video game platforms and devices and custom virtual reality systems. Study quality was assessed using the modified Downs and Black checklist.

Results

The initial search yielded 1497 publications. A total of 26 studies from 30 publications were included, with most studies classified as “fair” according to the modified Downs and Black checklist. The majority of studies provided enhanced feedback and variable practice and used functionally relevant and motivating virtual tasks. The dosage varied greatly (total training time ranged from 300 to 3360 minutes), with only 6 studies reporting the number of movement repetitions per session. The difficulty progression and the assessment of skills retention and transfer were poorly incorporated, especially for the commercial video games.

Conclusions

Motor learning principles should be better integrated into the development of future virtual reality systems for optimal upper limb motor recovery in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020151982; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020151982
Antibiotic Prescription Rates After eVisits Versus Office Visits in Primary Care: Observational Study
Authors: Entezarjou Artin , Calling Susanna , Bhattacharyya Tapomita , Milos Nymberg Veronica , Vigren Lina , Labaf Ashkan , Jakobsson Ulf , Midlöv Patrik
Published: March 2021

Background

Direct-to-consumer telemedicine is an increasingly used modality to access primary care. Previous research on assessment using synchronous virtual visits showed mixed results regarding antibiotic prescription rates, and research on assessment using asynchronous chat-based eVisits is lacking.

Objective

The goal of the research was to investigate if eVisit management of sore throat, other respiratory symptoms, or dysuria leads to higher rates of antibiotic prescription compared with usual management using physical office visits.

Methods

Data from 3847 eVisits and 759 office visits for sore throat, dysuria, or respiratory symptoms were acquired from a large private health care provider in Sweden. Data were analyzed to compare antibiotic prescription rates within 3 days, antibiotic type, and diagnoses made. For a subset of sore throat visits (n=160 eVisits, n=125 office visits), Centor criteria data were manually extracted and validated.

Results

Antibiotic prescription rates were lower following eVisits compared with office visits for sore throat (169/798, 21.2%, vs 124/312, 39.7%; P<.001) and respiratory symptoms (27/1724, 1.6%, vs 50/251, 19.9%; P<.001), while no significant differences were noted comparing eVisits to office visits for dysuria (1016/1325, 76.7%, vs 143/196, 73.0%; P=.25). Guideline-recommended antibiotics were prescribed similarly following sore throat eVisits and office visits (163/169, 96.4%, vs 117/124, 94.4%; P=.39). eVisits for respiratory symptoms and dysuria were more often prescribed guideline-recommended antibiotics (26/27, 96.3%, vs 37/50, 74.0%; P=.02 and 1009/1016, 99.3%, vs 135/143, 94.4%; P<.001, respectively). Odds ratios of antibiotic prescription following office visits compared with eVisits after adjusting for age and differences in set diagnoses were 2.94 (95% CI 1.99-4.33), 11.57 (95% CI 5.50-24.32), 1.01 (95% CI 0.66-1.53), for sore throat, respiratory symptoms, and dysuria, respectively.

Conclusions

The use of asynchronous eVisits for the management of sore throat, dysuria, and respiratory symptoms is not associated with an inherent overprescription of antibiotics compared with office visits.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03474887; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03474887
Association Between State Indoor Tanning Legislation and Google Search Trends Data in the United States From 2006 to 2019: Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Heckman Carolyn , Lin Yong , Riley Mary , Wang Yaqun , Bhurosy Trishnee , Mitarotondo Anna , Xu Baichen , Stapleton Jerod
Published: March 2021

Background

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or indoor tanning is the cause of most skin cancers. Although indoor tanning has decreased in recent years, it remains most common among adolescents and young adults, whose skin is particularly vulnerable to long-term damage. US states have adopted several types of legislation to attempt to minimize indoor tanning among minors: a ban on indoor tanning among all minors, a partial minor ban by age (eg, <14 years), or the requirement of parental consent or accompaniment for tanning. Currently, only 6 US states have no indoor tanning legislation for minors.

Objective

This study investigated whether internet searches (as an indicator of interest) related to indoor tanning varied across US states by the type of indoor tanning legislation, using data from Google Trends from 2006 to 2019.

Methods

We conducted a time-series analysis of Google Trends data on indoor tanning from 2006 to 2019 by US state. Time-series linear regression models were generated to assess the Google Trends data over time by the type of indoor tanning legislation.

Results

We found that indoor tanning search rates decreased significantly for all 50 states and the District of Columbia over time (P<.01). The searches peaked in 2012 when indoor tanning received marked attention (eg, indoor tanning was banned for all minors by the first state—California). The reduction in search rates was more marked for states with a complete ban among minors compared to those with less restrictive types of legislation.

Conclusions

Our findings are consistent with those of other studies on the association between indoor tanning regulations and attitudinal and behavioral trends related to indoor tanning. The main limitation of the study is that raw search data were not available for more precise analysis. With changes in interest and norms, indoor tanning and skin cancer risk among young people may change. Future studies should continue to determine the impact of such public health policies in order to inform policy efforts and minimize risks to public health.