bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approximation of distribution of Poland’s population’s income according to Dagum and Zenga models
Authors: Trzcińska Kamila
Published: May 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyse the income of the population of Poland using the Dagum and the Zenga distributions. The Zenga distribution, introduced in 2010, is a new distribution which has not been yet applied to analysing wages and income in Poland. The paper presents both the Dagum and Zenga distributions, as well as the results of the approximations of wage distributions drawn from the 2014 household budget survey. The calculated degree of compliance of the theoretical distribution with the empirical one demonstrates that the Zenga distribution describes the distribution of the income of the Polish population more reliably than the Dagum distribution, which so far has been regarded as one of the best.
Deterrência à alimentação e à oviposição de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pelo uso pós vegetais em milho armazenado
Authors: Wenneck Gustavo  Soares , Saath Reni , Araújo Larissa  Leite  de , Sá Nathália  de  Oliveira , Ramos Pedro  Paschoalin
Published: May 2020

Plants with insecticidal effect are among the alternatives as a tool to control the insect-pest of stored grains. The objective of this study was to characterize the efficiency of plant-based powders on Sitophiluszeamaisinsects in stored grains. Usingfourteenplant species (Arnica montana Baccharistrimera,Coriandrum sativum,Coffea arabica,Cymbopogon martini,Helianthus annuus, Lippia gracillis,Mentha pulegium,Moringa oleífera,Nicotiana tabacum,Piper aduncum, Piper hispidinervum,Sesamum indicumandVitis labrusca)obtained from tritured vegetable material, and compared with a control treatment. The experiment carried out in a completely randomized design, with six replicates each treatment. In the tests, 0.5 g of the inert powders mixed into the grains (50 g) of hybrid corn AS 1551 into plastic vials and infested with 10emerged adultofS. zeamais. After 20 days of infestation, oviposition evaluated and counts of emerged adults. At the end of the infestation period, evaluated the dry weight of the insects, the weight of grains consumed and the period of development (egg-adult). Most of the vegetal powders presented effective action on the emerged insects. By the use of the powders,it verified reduction in the ooposition, except for Vitis labruscaand Sesamum indicumwhose egg numbers were higher than control, also had less effect on the development of caruncho larvae. The low weight of adults from corn kernels treated with Nicotiana tabacumpowder is relatedreduction in feeding of S. zeamaislarvae.
Nitrogênio e Azospirillum brasilense no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Gonçalves Michaela Carolina , Silva Kátia Cristina da , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Steiner Fábio
Published: May 2020

A study was conducted with the objective of investigating the effects of the interaction between the inoculation of the pre-sprouted seedlings with Azospirillum brasilenseand the nitrogen fertilization in topdressing on the development of sugarcane plants(Saccharum officinarum). Pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings, produced from 3.0 cm long mini-stems of the RB867515 variety, were transplanted 25 days after sprouting into 12 L plastic pots. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme: two inoculation treatments [without (control) and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense] and five application rates of N fertilizer in topdressing (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg dm–3of N), with four repetitions. The inoculation with A. brasilensewas carried out in transplanting the seedlings using 4 mL of the inoculum AzoTotal® per seedling, containing the strains AbV5 and AbV6. The nitrogen fertilization in topdressing was performed at 20 days after transplanting the seedlings as urea (45% of N). The results reported that the application of N fertilizer rates in topdressingresulted in a linear increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers and dry matter production of plants inoculated with A. brasilense.When the plants were not inoculated with A. brasilense, nitrogen fertilization resulted in an increase also in the number of leaves and tillers per plant. The use of A. brasilenseinoculation in pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings has a beneficial effect on the development of plants only when associated with nitrogen fertilization in topdressing. Sugarcane plants not fertilized with N have a negative response to inoculation with A. brasilense, indicating the occurrence of possible phytotoxic effects on plant development up to 60 days after transplanting.
Upland rice agronomic performance in response to different doses and sources of nitrogen
Authors: Silva Tácio  Peres  da , Castro Douglas  Goulart , Tomé Laís Moretti , Félix Marco  Renan , Rosário Neto Antônio , Botelho Flavia Barbosa Silva
Published: May 2020

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of different doses and sources of nitrogen (N) on agronomic characteristics in upland riceas well astheclimaticand environmentalinfluence on nitrogen fertilization results. Theexperiments were conducted in the University of Lavras, during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons, the plots consisted of 4 lines of 3 linear meters, with spacing among rows of 35 cm and a useful plot of 4.2 m2. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications in a 4x4x 2factorial design. The factor doseconsisted in 0, 50,100 e 200 kg ha-1N and the factor sourcesconsisted in ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea and polycote, totaling 16 treatments. The characteristics evaluatedwere plant height, grain yield, grain chalkness, 1000 grainsweight andyield. It was concluded that the addiction of doses and Nsources didnot change the agronomic performanceof the upland rice crop. There is an influence of the environment on the responses of plants to nitrogen application, being observed different results in different cropseasons.
Diferentes desinfetantes sobre a contaminação e desempenho da incubação de ovos de avestruz
Authors: Valdo Nadia Nobrega , Garcia Sheila Merlo , Souza Lilian Francisco Arantes de
Published: May 2020

From the moment of laying, eggs come into contact with microorganisms that adhere to the shelland disinfection is the process that reduces contamination by preventing them from penetrating the shell and invading the egg's internal content, however, different active principles can result in effects several. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of different active principles in the disinfection of ostrich eggs on contamination andthe productive indexes of incubation. 16 eggs were used, distributed in two disinfectant active ingredients (quaternary ammonia and formaldehyde) in a completely randomized design with 8 replications. Contamination of the eggshell was evaluated by microbiological analysis on the surface of the eggshell after disinfection. The productive indexes of the incubation were evaluated by means of the index of weight loss of the egg (%), mortality rate (%), embryology (%) and hatchability (%). There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the active ingredients used in terms of disinfection capacity and productive indexes of incubation. It is concluded that bothactive ingredients are efficient in the disinfection of eggs, ensuring the control of contamination on the surface of the egg shell during the storage and incubation processes, in addition to not affecting the parameters of the incubation.
R(r)elações I(i)nternacionais, Realismo e Análise da Política Externa (APE): contextualizando a invenção da APE
Authors: Mendes Pedro Emanuel
Published: May 2020

Este artigo faz uma contextualização do nascimento da Análise da Política Externa (APE). Apresenta uma análise historiográfica da invenção APE e da sua relação com os anos formativos da disciplina das Relações Internacionais (RI). O seu objetivo é o de iluminar a relação entre a história e a teoria da origem da APE como campo de estudo autónomo. O artigo está organizado em três partes. Em primeiro, identifica as origens europeias e norte-americanas do estudo da Política Externa e a sua ligação com as policy sciences. Em segundo, relaciona o surgimento do Realismo com o estudo tradicional da política externa e sintetiza as principais críticas teórico-metodológica introduzidas pela APE. Finalmente, apresenta uma análise dos principais marcos e inovações teóricas das abordagens que inventaram APE e propõe um modelo de análise sociocultural da política externa dos Estados. O artigo defende dois argumentos. Primeiro, a invenção da APE inscreve-se num contexto histórico e académico de protesto contra a visão tradicional de pensar e investigar a política externa. Segundo, é necessário assumir a interligação entre contextos históricos e contextos científicos na evolução teórica das RI e da APE.
Τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον in Mt 6:11 as ‘Our Super-Substantial Bread’
Authors: Petrović Srećko ,   Gnomon Center for the Humanities
Published: May 2020

The ‘bread’ in Lord’s Prayer is today usually understood as ‘daily bread,’ as we can see in contemporary translations. However, in Orthodox Christian understanding ‘bread’ in Lord’s Prayer has a different meaning, spiritual or Eucharistic, and it is emphasized by Orthodox theologians and Orthodox interpreters of the Bible. A different understanding of Biblical text is not something new in Christian history: it is something that is present in Christianity since the times of early Church, and it is well attested through contributions of ancient Christian schools of Biblical exegesis, for instance Alexandrine and Antiochene school. A different understanding is the fruit of different contexts, different traditions and different readings of Biblical text. In this paper we will show the origins of Orthodox Christian reading of ‘bread petition’ in the Lord’s Prayer, and how Orthodox Christian understanding is influenced by ancient Christian reading of Biblical text.
Process Thought and the Eclipse of God
Authors: Hart Larry ,   Gnomon Center for the Humanities
Published: May 2020

Martin Buber in his famous critique of modern philosophy and psychology, described the philosophical hour through which the world is now passing as a spiritual eclipse—a historical obscuring of “the light of heaven.” This essay explores process thought as first formulated by the mathematician/philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, and then expounded by Charles Hartshorne, John Cobb, and other theologians as paradigmatic of Buber’s concern. Accordingly, it proposes, that when consciousness shifts in such a way that God becomes recognizable as immediately present, as the aura in which the person of faith lives, the eclipse is over.
The contribution of countries and world regions in global CO2 emissions as an indicator of changes in the global geo-ecological panorama
Authors: Lopatnikov D. L.
Published: May 2020

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are currently considered by the UN and other authoritative international organizations engaged in monitoring changes in the Earth’s biogeosphere as one of the main indicators of the global environmental situation. According to the official Doctrine of Sustainable Development, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are one of the main causes of global warming. The article examines the dynamics of CO2 emissions by countries and regions of the world from the 1970s to the 2010s. The correlation between the volume of CO2 emissions and changes in the overall territorial distribution of the world economy has been demonstrated. Over the past fifty years, the geography of anthropogenic CO2 emissions by countries and macro-regions of the world has changed dramatically. The share of the most economically developed countries in the volume of CO2 emissions has decreased. The main epicenter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions has shifted to the countries belonging to the semi-periphery of the world. The movement of the main foci of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on the world map reflects qualitative shifts in the global geoecological panorama over the past fifty years. The dynamics and spatial transformation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is an illustration of the long-term trend of the change from negative to positive through the cycle of multidirectional shifts of one of the many ecologically significant processes on Earth.
Typology of regions by functional role in Russian innovation space
Authors: Mikhaylov A.S. , Kuznetsova T. Yu. , Peker I. Yu.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to studying the spatial heterogeneity of innovation space across Russia while assessing the regional divergence and concentration of knowledge-generating centers. The preliminary hypothesis suggests there are three types of regions: growth poles - the largest cities and agglomerations that generate a significant amount of new knowledge of wide specialization spectrum; zones of influence - territories with high generative potential in one or several specific knowledge domains; and innovation peripheries that demonstrate weak ability to generate new knowledge. The analysis of an array of indicators on publication activity over 2013-2017 across the regions of the Russian Federation using the method of spatial scientometrics has clarified and detailed the initial typology of regions according to their generative function in the interregional innovation process. The study showed the importance of a complex of metropolitan, coastal and border factors affecting the innovative potential of territories. For coastal regions, incl. having a cross-border position, a higher level of research productivity and integration into international S&T cooperation is characteristic, as well as a general positive dynamics of new knowledge generation if found. In addition, the coastal factor determines the specificity of the subject area of the intellectual capital created and the knowledge base accumulated in the region.
Desenvolvimento de Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp submetidas a concentrações de compostagens laminar e bovina
Authors: Costa Patricia Paz da , Souza Marcelo Dias de , Parada Alexandre Roman , Silva Roberta Daniela de Souza Lauxen da , Souza Pricila Juliana de
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de feijão-de-corda (Vigna unguiculata) sob dois sistemas de compostagens em diferentes concentrações, sendo a primeira a base de folha, serrapilheira e terra, já a segunda à base de esterco bovino, cinzas e terra. Para confecção do experimento foram utilizados resíduos como sacos, caixotes entre outros, para a produção da composteira. Após os preparados dos tratamentos, estes foram diluídos em areia proporcionando as concentrações de 25, 50, 75 e 100% (volume de areia/volume do composto), onde foram colocados em recipientes do tipo PET e utilizados sementes de feijão para condução das avaliações. Foram realizadas avaliações semanais após a germinação de cada planta, sendo coletada a altura em centímetro (cm) em intervalos semanais. Os dados demonstraram que as concentrações provenientes de serrapilheiras apresentaram maiores crescimentos, sendo que a concentração de 75% teve o melhor crescimento, independentemente do tipo de compostagem. É possível observar que a partir dos 42 a 49 dias, os resultados dos tratamentos começaram apresentar diferenças significativa, sendo ainda constatadas que nas curvas de crescimento, essas avaliações foram as que apresentaram maiores taxas de desenvolvimento entre as mensurações. Recomenda se para o cultivo do feijão-de-corda compostagem a base de serrapilheira.
Metodologia fuzzy aplicada à avaliação do bem-estar de operadores de máquinas portáteis motorizadas
Authors: Eugênio Tony Matheus Carvalho , Faria Douglas Lamounier , Pereira Tamires Galvão Tavares , Mattioli Matheus Campos , Costa Júnior José Edimar Vieira , Narciso Carolina Rezende Pinto , Júnior Laércio Mesquita , Cruz Thiago Moreira , Abreu Lucas Henrique Pedrozo
Published: May 2020

Fatores como calor e vibrações, são alguns dos grandes causadores de enfermidades, encontrados em locais de trabalho onde se utiliza máquinas agrícolas. Ambientes fora das condições adequadas, além de causar danos à saúde dos trabalhadores, provocam diminuição no desempenho dos mesmos e consequentemente, uma queda na produtividade. As máquinas em geral precisam de operadores que saibam manuseá-las com destreza, porém, algumas delas apresentam um grande potencial causador de enfermidades devido a fatores que podem ser físicos como calor, vibração e radiação, químicos como poeiras e vapores ou biológicos como bactérias e microrganismos, que atuam no indivíduo causando danos muitas vezes irreversíveis. Considerando o elevado grau de insalubridade que os operadores de máquinas agrícolas estão submetidos nas operações onde são utilizadas máquinas portáteis motorizadas, objetivou-se com esse estudo, na caracterização dos fatores vibração e IBUTG conjuntamente, embasada nas normas vigentes, para determinar o conforto sentido pelo operador na atividade laboral desenvolvida, utilizando o modelo lógica fuzzy. No modelo fuzzy desenvolvido foi utilizada como variável de entrada: IBUTG (°C) e vibração (m.s-2) e, como variável de saída, o índice de conforto humano para operadores de máquinas portáteis motorizadas (ICH).
Epidemiologia da raiva em herbívoros domésticos em uma localidade na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Silva Lucila Pereira da , Pinto Ana Paula Vilhena Beckman , Pontes Altem Nascimento , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro
Published: May 2020

A raiva é uma das zoonoses com grande impacto tanto no desenvolvimento do agronegócio, quanto na Saúde Pública. Casos são registrados com frequência na Amazônia brasileira, Norte do Brasil, como na mesorregião Nordeste do Estado do Pará, considerada área focal para estudos relacionados à raiva transmitida por morcegos hematófagos. Objetivo: avaliar a distribuição temporal da raiva em herbívoros domésticos por um período de 13 anos no município de Bragança/PA e verificar a relação entre os fatores pecuária e desmatamento. Metodologia: os dados foram obtidos de fontes governamentais oficiais: casos de raiva em herbívoros (ADEPARÁ), produção pecuária (IBGE) e desmatamento (INPE/PRODES) e para análise destes dados utilizou-se os programas Microsoft Excel© 2013 e BioEstat 5.3. Resultados: as notificações da doença tiveram maior percentual em bovídeos, com maior concentração de casos na estação mais chuvosa, foi observado tendência de crescimento de amostras para diagnóstico laboratorial, bem como de casos positivos de raiva no período de estudo. Além de forte correlação entre pecuária e desmatamento. Conclusões: a intensa antropização da área chega até 81% em desmatamento e o aumento do rebanho bovídeo, revelaram forte correlação desta questão ambiental. Sugere-se ciclicidade e sazonalidade da doença. Possivelmente a produção pecuária e o desmatamento, além de outros, isolados ou cumulativamente, a exemplo da bio-ecologia dos morcegos, possam estar contribuindo para a ocorrência da doença nesta localidade da Amazônia brasileira.
L’engagement des Skirtboarders : la constitution du « sujet moral » sur Internet
Authors: Dallaire Christine , MacKay Steph
Published: May 2020

Les Skirtboarders, un groupe de skateuses (planchistes) installées à Montréal (Canada) ont amorcé leur transformation en jeunes femmes engagées par la production d’un blogue offrant une alternative à la couverture médiatique dominante qui marginalise les skateuses et les réduits à des objets sexuels. Elles s’encouragent mutuellement et incitent nombre de filles et de jeunes femmes à participer à un sport dominé par les garçons et les jeunes hommes par la promotion de représentations diverses de la féminité – ouvrant ainsi les possibilités d’action et de devenir et propageant une solidarité entre jeunes sportives. La synthèse de nos analyses empiriques de Skirtboarders.com illustre comment le cadre éthique de Foucault permet de comprendre la manière dont ce projet médiatique de jeunes sportives découle d’une forme d’engagement. D’une part, la constitution du « sujet moral » telle que développée par Foucault éclaire l’engagement de ces skateuses. Ce cadre d’analyse qui se penche sur la façon dont le sujet se construit par une réflexion sur soi permet de mieux comprendre la nécessaire dimension consciente et active qui soutient l’engagement de même que le travail sur soi qui transforme le « jeune engagé ». D’autre part, l’usage des médias sociaux devient une technique de transformation personnelle et collective qui consolide l’engagement des Skirtboarders de même qu’un outil pour exhorter d’autres filles et jeunes femmes à se mobiliser pour réaliser leurs aspirations sportives.
Long-term outcomes of repaired and unrepaired truncus arteriosus: 20-year, single-center experience in Thailand
Authors: Dangrungroj Ekkachai , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Chanthong Prakul , Chungsomprasong Paweena , Kanjanauthai Supaluck , Durongpisitkul Kritvikrom , Soongswang Jarupim , Tantiwongkosri Kriangkrai , Subtaweesin Thaworn , Sriyoschati Somchai
Published: May 2020

Background

Truncus arteriosus (TA) is a complex congenital heart disease that carries morbidities in the first year of life. Previous authors have reported an operative mortality of 50%. In this report, we aim to report on the survival of patients with TA in our medical center in the recent era.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with TA in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand from August 1995 to March 2018 was performed. Patients with single ventricle, hemiTA were excluded. The characteristics and outcomes of repaired and unrepaired TA patients with a known recent functional status in 2018 were reviewed. Operative mortality risks were analyzed using a multivariate model.

Results

A total of 74 patients (median age at referral: 70 days) were included in the cohort. One-third of the patients had associated anomalies including DiGeorge syndrome (13.5%). Anatomical repair was not performed in 22 patients (29.7%). The median age at time of repair for the 52 patients was 133 days (range: 22 days to 16.7 years). Complex TA was 10%. Early mortality occurred in 16 patients (30.8%). Five patients (9.6%) had late deaths at 0.3–1.2 years. Significant mortality risk was weight at time of operation <4 kg (HR 3.05, 95% CI [1.05–8.74], p-value 0.041). Of the 31 operation survivors, 17 required re-intervention within 0.4–11.4 years. Eight patients had reoperation at 8.7 years (range: 2.7–14.6 years) post-repair. Freedom from reoperation was 93%, 70.4%, and 31%, at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. All late survivors were in functional class I–II. Of the 22 unrepaired TA patients, 11 patients (50%) died (median age: 13.6 years; range: 14 days–32.8 years). Survival of unrepaired TA patients was 68.2%, 68.2%, and 56.8, at 5, 10, and 15 years of age, respectively. At the end of study, 11 survivors of TA with palliative treatment had a recent mean oxygen saturation value of 84.1 ± 4.8% and a mean weight for height of 81.4 ± 12.7%, which were significantly lower than those of 31 late-survivors who had undergone anatomical repair.

Conclusion

Contemporary survival rates of patients with TA following operation in the center has been gradually improved over time. Most of the operative mortality occurs in the early postoperative period. Compared to patients with TA who had palliative treatment, operative survivors have a better functional status even though they carry a risk for re-intervention.
Investigation on the Functionality of Thermoresponsive Origami Structures
Authors: Mehrpouya Mehrshad , Azizi Ali , Janbaz Shahram , Gisario Annamaria
Published: May 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been introduced as a reliable technique for the fabrication of highly complex geometries that were not possible before. Due to the flexibility in the organization of material properties such as responsive elements in space, AM is now a capable technology for the production of smart structures that can transform their geometry, for example, from a compact state to a deployed configuration. Among others, fused deposition modeling (FDM) can reliably be used to manufacture polymeric constructs with high resolution. Polylactide (PLA), the most popular polymer in FDM printing is a shape‐memory polymer. Therefore, the manufacturing of shape‐transforming constructs can be simplified to the construction of foldable products that can be programmed simply by applying mechanical forces. Origami can then be used as a simple platform in which the shape‐transforming of a programmed construct is via the folding of material through the thinner sections (hinges). Herein, PLA and FDM are used to fabricate foldable structures. The effects of different parameters namely total thickness, layer height, nozzle temperature, and activation temperature on the shape recovery of the manually programmed origami structures are then investigated.
Synthesis of Thietanes from Saturated Three‐membered Heterocycles
Authors: Xu Jiaxi
Published: May 2020

Thietanes are important structural motifs of some biological compounds and useful intermediates in organic synthesis. Various synthetic methods of thietanes have been developed recently with readily available saturated three‐membered heterocycles as starting materials or key intermediates. Both saturated three membered heterocycle‐2‐methyl halides and sulfonates and thiiranes are widely utilized materials. Both nucleophilic and electrophilic ring expansions of thiiranes are efficient methods for synthesis of thietanes. In this Focus Review, we have described various strategies for the synthesis of strained four‐membered thiaheterocyclic thietanes from readily available strained and saturated three‐membered heterocycles.
Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Modulates Motor Epileptic Activity in Humans
Authors: Ren Liankun , Yu Tao , Wang Di , Wang Xueyuan , Ni Duanyu , Zhang Guojun , Bartolomei Fabrice , Wang Yuping , Li Yongjie
Published: May 2020

Objective

Pharmaco‐refractory focal motor epileptic seizures pose a significant challenge. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a recently recognized therapeutic option for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. To identify the specific target for focal motor seizures, we evaluate the modulatory effects of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation because of the critical role of STN in cortico‐subcortical motor processing.

Methods

Seven patients with epilepsy with refractory seizures who underwent chronic stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) monitoring were studied in presurgical evaluation. Seizure onset zone was hypothesized to be partially involved in the motor areas in 6 patients. For each patient, one electrode was temporally implanted into the STN that was ipsilateral to the seizure onset zone. The cortical–subcortical seizure propagation was systemically evaluated. The simultaneously electrophysiological responses over distributed cortical areas to STN stimulation at varied frequencies were quantitatively assessed.

Results

We observed the consistent downstream propagation of seizures from the motor cortex toward the ipsilateral STN and remarkable cortical responses on motor cortex to single‐pulse STN stimulation. Furthermore, we showed frequency‐dependent upstream modulatory effect of STN stimulation on motor cortex specifically. In contrast to the enhanced effects of low frequency stimulation, high‐frequency stimulation of the STN can significantly reduce interictal spikes, high‐frequency oscillations over motor cortex disclosing effective connections to the STN.

Interpretation

This result showed that the STN is not only engaged in as a propagation network of focal motor seizures but STN stimulation can profoundly modulate the epileptic activity of motor cortex in humans, suggesting a mechanism‐based alternative for patients suffering from refractory focal motor seizures.ANN NEUROL 2020;88:283–296.
Ergänzung von Pyridin‐2,6‐bisoxazolin mit einem cyclometallierten N‐heterocyclischen Carben für die asymmetrische Ru‐Katalyse
Authors: Li Long , Han Feng , Nie Xin , Hong Yubiao , Ivlev Sergei , Meggers Eric
Published: May 2020

Eine Strategie zur Erweiterung der breiten Verwendung chiraler Pyridin‐2,6‐bis(oxazolin)‐Liganden (Pybox‐Liganden) in der asymmetrischen Übergangsmetallkatalyse wird durch Zugabe eines maßgeschneiderten zweizähnigen Liganden erreicht, der sowohl die elektronischen Eigenschaften am Metallzentrum moduliert als auch die asymmetrische Induktion beeinflusst. Konkret wird ein Ruthenium(II)‐Pybox‐Fragment mit einem cyclometallierten N‐heterocyclischen Carben (NHC) kombiniert, um Katalysatoren für die enantioselektive Nitrenoidchemie zu erzeugen, einschließlich der Ringkontraktion zu chiralen 2H‐Azirinen (bis zu 97 % ee mit 2000 TON) und enantioselektiver C(sp3)‐H‐Aminierungen (bis zu 97 % ee mit 50 TON)
A new Brønsted acid MIL‐101(Cr) catalyst by tandem post‐functionalization; synthesis and its catalytic application
Authors: Mortazavi Saeideh‐Sadat , Abbasi Alireza , Masteri‐Farahani Majid
Published: May 2020

A new heterogeneous Brønsted solid acid catalyst was prepared by tandem post‐functionalization of MIL‐101(Cr) and utilized for acetic acid esterification and alcoholysis of epoxides under solvent‐free conditions. First, MIL‐101(Cr) was functionalized with pyrazine to achieve MIL‐101(Cr)‐Pyz. Afterwards, the nucleophilic reaction of MIL‐101(Cr)‐Pyz with 1,3‐propane sultone and next acidification with diluted sulfuric acid gave MIL‐101(Cr)‐Pyz‐RSO3H Brønsted solid acid catalyst. Various characterization methods such as Fourier transformation infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis (CHNS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersiveX‐ray(EDX) spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), acid–base titration, and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis were employed to fully characterize the prepared catalyst. The catalyst showed high activity compared to unmodified MIL‐101(Cr) in both catalytic acetic acid esterification and alcoholysis of epoxides. It can also be readily isolated from the reaction mixture and reused three times without major decrease in its activity.
Development and growth of the craniocervical junction with special reference to topographical relationship between the occipital basion, the anterior arch of atlas, and the odontoid process of axis: A study using human fetuses
Authors: Ishii Michitake , Cho Kwang Ho , Kitamura Kei , Yamamoto Masahito , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez‐Vázquez José Francisco , Abe Shin‐Ichi
Published: May 2020

The embryonic occipital bone and odontoid process of the axis are attached and connected by the notochord, but become separated in later development and growth. With special attention to the process of separation, we examined sagittal sections of the craniocervical junction in 18 human fetuses at 8–16 weeks and 22 fetuses at 31–37 weeks. At 8–9 weeks, the anterior arch of atlas was always seen overriding the occipital basal part. The odontoid process was close to the occipital with or without a transient joint cavity until 16 weeks. Near term, the top of the odontoid process was usually higher than the anterior arch, but the former was sometimes (7 of 22) at a level almost equal to or lower than the latter. The apical ligament was evident in a few specimens (5 of 22). A distance between the occipital basion and odontoid process was sometimes less than 1.5 mm (8 of 22) or less than half the thickness of the arch (10 of 22). A transient joint cavity between the basion and odontoid process was often (10 of 22). In three fetuses near term, the atlanto‐occipital joint cavity was continuous with the median atlanto‐axial joint cavity, and the anterior arch was overriding the occipital basal part. Therefore, rather than stage or age, individual differences were evident in the topographical relationship between the three bony elements at the craniocervical junction. An understanding of the embryology and normal development will aid in the correct interpretation of radiologic images of the pediatric cervical spine.
The effect of E93 knockdown on female reproduction in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Eid Duaa Musleh , Chereddy Shankar C. R. R. , Palli Subba Reddy
Published: May 2020

The E93 transcription factor is a member of helix‐turn‐helix transcription factor family containing a Pip‐squeak motif. This ecdysone primary response gene was identified as a regulator of cell death in Drosophila melanogaster where it is involved in ecdysone‐induced autophagy and caspase activity that mediate degeneration of larval tissues during metamorphosis from larva to pupa. However, its function in adult insects is not well studied. To study E93 function in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting E93 (dsE93) was injected into newly emerged adults. Knockdown of E93 caused a decrease in the synthesis of vitellogenin (Vg), oocyte development, and egg‐laying. Sequencing of RNA isolated from adults injected with dsE93 and control dsmalE (dsRNA targeting Escherichia coli malE gene) followed by differential gene expression analysis showed upregulation of genes involved in the metabolism of reserved nutrients. E93 knockdown induced changes in gene expression resulted in a decrease in Vg synthesis in the fat body and oocyte maturation in ovaries. Mating experiments showed that females injected with dsE93 did not lay eggs. Knockdown of E93 caused a reduction in the number and size of lipid droplets in the fat body when compared with that in control beetles injected with dsmalE. These data suggest that during the first 2–3 days after the emergence of adult females, E93 suppresses genes coding for enzymes that metabolize reserved nutrients until initiation of vitellogenesis and oogenesis.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Boron β‐Ketoiminate Dyes Forming a Linear Donor‐π‐Acceptor Structure
Authors: Sakura Yuki , Yumioka Fumina , Funaki Takashi , Ono Katsuhiko
Published: May 2020

Organoboron complexes are of interest as chromophores for dye sensitizers owing to their light‐harvesting and carrier‐transporting properties. In this study, compounds containing boron β‐ketoiminate (BKI) as a chromophore were synthesized and used as dye sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells. The new dyes were orange or red crystals and showed maximum absorptions in the 410–450 nm wavelength region on titanium dioxide substrates. These electrodes exhibited maximum efficiencies of over 80% in incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency spectra, suggesting that the continuous process of light absorption‐excitation‐electron injection was effectively performed. Open‐circuit photovoltages were relatively high owing to the large dipole moments of the BKI dyes with a linear molecular structure. Thus, a maximum power conversion efficiency of 5.3% was successfully observed. Comparison of BKI dyes with boron β‐diketonate dyes revealed certain differences in solution stability, spectral properties, and photovoltaic characteristics.
Diesel Soot Combustion over Mn2O3 Catalysts with Different Morphologies: Elucidating the Role of Active Oxygen Species in Soot Combustion
Authors: Kuwahara Yasutaka , Kato Genki , Fujibayashi Akihiro , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: May 2020

Catalytic diesel soot combustion was examined using a series of Mn2O3 catalysts with different morphologies, including plate, prism, hollow spheres and powders. The plate‐shaped Mn2O3 (Mn2O3‐plate) exhibited superior carbon soot combustion activity compared to the prism‐shaped, hollow‐structured and powdery Mn2O3 under both tight and loose contact modes at soot combustion temperatures (T50) of 327 °C and 457 °C, respectively. Comprehensive characterization studies using scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed reduction and oxygen release measurements, revealed that the improved activity of Mn2O3‐plate was mainly attributed to the high oxygen release rate of surface‐adsorbed active oxygen species, which originated from oxygen vacancy sites introduced during the catalyst preparation, rather than specific surface‐exposed planes. The study provides new insights for the design and synthesis of efficient oxidation catalysts for carbon soot combustion as well as for other oxidation reactions of harmful hydrocarbon compounds.
The effect of imperfect memory recall on risk preferences
Authors: Muda Rafał , Niszczota Paweł , Augustynowicz Paweł
Published: May 2020

People often take on different levels of risk when deciding on future actions compared with when they take actions with immediate consequences. The presently reported research investigated how imperfect recall of previously chosen options influences temporal fluctuations in risk preferences. In two incentivized studies with a waiting time before decision resolution (a 4‐week waiting period from an initial decision), we observed that errors in the recall of previous choices played a substantial role in constructing risk preferences for choices that are usually resolved after a delay. More specifically, in a first study, we found that after a waiting period (i.e., after participants waited for their risky choices to be resolved), participants perceived that they took less risk during their initial choices than they actually did. Importantly, when asked about whether they would change their initial choices, participants declared that they would take riskier choices. In a second study, we tested directly whether such a shift in initial choices could also be demonstrated behaviorally. Results revealed that after beliefs about past choices were induced, participants changed their risk preferences in line with the information presented during belief induction.
On learning‐based approaches in power electronics engineering curriculum: A high switching inchworm motor drive case study
Authors: Shome Saikat Kumar , Jana Sandip , Bhattacharjee Partha
Published: May 2020

In industrial electronics domain, power electronics students should have an optimum hardware competence. This study presents the application of computer‐aided design and experimental hands‐on exposure for efficient teaching of power electronics engineering curriculum. Application design of the proposed research centers around effective model of high switching frequency driver circuit for a capacitive piezoelectric inchworm motor based on learning techniques. The sample space comprise 50 undergraduate students, divided into two equal groups, Group A and Group B. Outcome validations testify the pivotal role of the designed course for the optimized piezoelectric driver hardware circuit design with near equivalent characteristics as obtained in simulation model. An evaluation survey was carried out to find if there is a change in attitude of students toward power electronics and allied subjects after attending the program. At the end of the course, opinion of the students were recorded and it was found that the attitude of the students who took the course differed significantly. The differentiation was in favor of the group having undertaken the course with a 91.5% positive response.
The role of surgical intervention for isolated breast cancer liver metastasis: Results of case‐control study with comparison to medical treatment
Authors: Wen Jiahuai , Ye Feng , Xie Fengfeng , Liu Dan , Huang LeZhen , Fang Chen , Zhong Shaowen , Ren Liping
Published: May 2020

Background

Combined with systemic therapy, the surgical intervention for breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) is increasingly accepted but lacks convincing evidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease control efficacy of hepatic surgery in isolated BCLM patients.

Methods

Between 2012 and 2017, metastatic breast cancer patients with isolated liver metastasis and regular follow‐up were identified. Cohort design was conducted to compare the progression‐free survival (PFS) between the surgical and nonsurgical BCLM patients. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses were performed to identify significant prognostic factors.

Result

In all, 148 isolated BCLM patients were enrolled and 95 participants received hepatic surgery for metastatic lesions. With median follow‐up of 36.47 months, there was no significant difference between hepatic surgical group and nonsurgical group for PFS (median PFS: 11.17 months vs 10.10 m, P = .092). Based on the multivariate analysis, the disease‐free interval (DFI) was an independent prognostic factor for isolated BCLM patients. Among the surgical group, BCLM patients who had ideal response after first salvage systemic treatment experienced the best long‐term survival (median PFS: 14.20 months).

Conclusion

For isolated BCLM patients with ideal response in first‐line medical treatment, surgical intervention (hepatectomy, radiofrequency ablation) combining with systemic treatment could bring improved progression‐free survival compared to sole systemic treatment, indicating that hepatic surgery may be considered as a therapeutic choice for selected isolated BCLM patients in clinical practice.
Social recognition matters: Consequences for school participation and life satisfaction among immigrant students
Authors: Sirlopú David , Renger Daniela
Published: May 2020

Participation in society is instrumental for democracy and of special importance for minority members. Despite broad research in the context of adults' participation, the earlier formative years and the participation of students in school activities have been neglected so far. The present research examined antecedents and consequences of Latin American migrant students' participation in school activities in Chile. More specifically, we tested whether three forms of social recognition experiences (i.e., need‐based care, equality‐based respect and achievement‐based social esteem) received from Chilean society predicted different forms of school participation. Heightened school participation was assumed to further translate into satisfaction with life. Results of a study with immigrant students (N = 393; 12–20 years old; 56.7% female) revealed, that experiences of social esteem predicted an overall positive perception of school participation and this effect further translated into heightened life satisfaction. Moreover, experiences of respect were associated with participation in school decisions and rules and with participation in school events. The latter effect further translated into enhanced life satisfaction. Care did not play a role in predicting school participation when the other forms of recognition were controlled for. We discuss the importance of social recognition experiences and implications for interventions within educational systems.
Understand potential legal implications of pandemic's economic impact on athletics
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: May 2020

The numerous public health measures that were implemented as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the subsequent impact on the nation's economy have created a new world of emergency planning at every educational institution and within every athletics department. Between the money that had to be returned for room and board and/or tuition reimbursements; the decline in or disappearance of digital rights payments, ticket sales, donations, and corporate sponsorships; the cancellation of March Madness, and the loss of many other revenue streams, the economic vise‐grip created by COVID‐19 tightened quickly and dramatically. Within the public sector, a future reduction in legislative appropriations in various states for higher education is likewise being discussed.
Boost overall student‐athlete success by establishing a more supportive athletics department
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2020

ANAHEIM, Calif. — Even before the COVID‐19 crisis hit, student‐athletes needed support dealing with life's daily challenges and stressors. But student‐athletes can be especially hesitant to reach out for the help they need. That's where trust can make a big difference. So who do student‐athletes actually trust? NCAA data reveals that student‐athletes trust coaches the most, followed by their teammates.
Tuning Cobalt‐Free Nickel‐Rich Layered LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Rui , Zhao Zhikun , Fu Jiale , Lv Haijian , Li Chunli , Wu Borong , Mu Daobin , Wu Feng
Published: May 2020

As the demand for high‐energy‐density batteries becomes more and more urgent, cathode materials of high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries have received widespread attention. LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 (NCM) ternary materials with high nickel and low cobalt content as well as a high cut‐off voltage are continually pursued. Here, a nickel‐rich cobalt‐free cathode material, LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2, was synthesized by using a co‐precipitation method to achieve a stable structure and excellent electrochemical performance. It shows a discharge specific capacity of 190 mAhg−1 in the first cycle at a rate of 0.2 C, and a capacity retention of 93 % over 150 cycles at 2.7–4.3 V. It also exhibits excellent electrochemical performance under high cut‐off voltage. The initial discharge specific capacity reaches 197.5 mAhg−1 at 0.2 C within 2.7 to 4.5 V, and the capacity retains 188.9 mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. The work provides an alternative cathode material for high‐energy‐density and cost‐effective lithium‐ion batteries.
Multiobjective particle swarm community discovery arithmetic based on representation learning
Authors: Zhang Jianpei , Zhang Xiaoxian , Yang Jing
Published: May 2020

With the continuous increase of the network scale, the structure of the network has also become complicated. The original community discovery algorithm based on small‐scale static networks has been unable to meet our needs. In order to improve the quality of community division, community discovery algorithms based on multiple optimization functions have been proposed. These multiobjective algorithms have continued to increase in time complexity as the optimization functions increase. The time complexity of the multiobjective community discovery algorithm is reduced, and the particle swarm algorithm has higher efficiency and accuracy in solving multiobjective optimization (MOO) problems. Based on the above background, the purpose of this article is to study a multiobjective particle swarm community discovery algorithm based on representation learning. This article uses the network representation learning method for static network community discovery, and designs an improved multiobjective particle swarm‐based community discovery algorithm (MOPSO‐CD). This randomness effectively prevents the algorithm from falling into a local optimum. At the same time, combined with the MOO algorithm, all the Pareto optimal solution sets are retained to adjust the population to correct the lack of accuracy caused by the randomness of the algorithm. In addition, in order to improve the efficiency of the algorithm, this article introduces an efficient Pareto optimal solution set method. Compared with the traditional MOO strategy, the time complexity of the MOO process is O(n2) Reduced to O(nlogn). Through experimental analysis, MOPSO‐CD has higher efficiency and community discovery quality.
Formation of H3+ in Collisions of H2+ with H2 Studied in a Guided Ion Beam Instrument
Authors: Savić Igor , Schlemmer Stephan , Gerlich Dieter
Published: May 2020

In order to study collisions between ions and neutrals, a new Guided Ion Beam (GIB) apparatus, called NOVion, has been assembled and tested. The primary purpose of this instrument is to measure absolute cross sections at energies relevant for technical or inter‐ and circumstellar plasmas. New and improved results are presented for forming H3+ in collisions of H2+ with H2. Between 0.1 eV and 2 eV, our measured effective cross sections are in good overall agreement with most previous measurements. However, at higher energies, our results do not show the steep decline, recommended in the standard literature. After critical evaluation of all experimental and theoretical data, a new analytical function is proposed, describing properly the dependence of the title reaction on the collision energy up to 10 eV.