bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hypothesis of the Interplay Between Air Particulate Matter PM2.5 and Acute Cellular Rejection Episodes Following Heart Transplantation
Authors: Urbanowicz Tomasz , Skotak Krzysztof , Konecka-Mrówka Dominika , Wachowiak-Baszyńska Hanna , Skowronek Rafał , Sikora Jędrzej , Bratkowski Jakub , Kaczmarek Jan , Misiorny Maksymilian , Straburzyńska-Migaj Ewa , Nożyński Jerzy , Jemielity Marek
Published: February 2025

Background: In end-stage HF, interventional therapy is the treatment of choice, including mechanical circulatory support and heart organ transplantation. Acute cellular rejection is considered a major impediment to the long-term survival of cardiac allografts. The aim of this study is to point out a possible relationship underlying acute cellular rejection risk in heart organ recipients. Methods: A total of 30 (25 (83%) men and 5 (17%) women) heart organ recipients with a median (Q1–Q3) age of 49 (38–60) were enrolled in the analysis. The results from repeated hospitalizations due to protocolar endomyocardial biopsies performed between one and three months following the heart transplantation in relation air pollution exposure were taken into the analysis. Results: The median (Q1–Q3) observation time after organ transplantation was 92 (82–97) days. A significant difference in PM2.5 exposure between the rejection group (16.10 (14.24–17.61)) μg/m3 and the non-rejection group (11.97 (9.85–12.97)) μg/m3 was noticed (p < 0.001). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for acute rejection prediction related to PM2.5 was 1.79 (1.11–2.89), p = 0.018. The reviewer operator curve for acute cellular rejection related to PM2.5 exposure was performed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.873, yielding a precision of 0.600 and an f-measure of 0.545. The predicted residual plots for PM2.5 indicated a 50% increased risk for PM2.5 above 16 μg/m3 and of 91% for PM2.5 above 20 μg/m3. Conclusions: The single-center study was performed on a limited number of heart organ recipients and was related to personalized individual calculations of PM2.5 exposure. The study represents a personalized approach and indicates possible links to the hypothesis, which should be verified on a higher volume of patients.
Machine Learning-Driven Prediction of Vitamin D Deficiency Severity with Hybrid Optimization
Authors: Bhimavarapu Usharani , Battineni Gopi , Chintalapudi Nalini
Published: February 2025

There is a growing need to predict the severity of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) through non-invasive methods due to its significant global health concerns. For vitamin D-level assessments, the 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D) blood test is the standard, but it is often not a practical test. This study is focused on developing a machine learning (ML) model that is clinically acceptable for accurately detecting vitamin D status and eliminates the need for 25-OH-D determination while addressing overfitting. To enhance the capacity of the classification system to predict multiple classes, preprocessing procedures such as data reduction, cleaning, and transformation were used on the raw vitamin D dataset. The improved whale optimization (IWOA) algorithm was used for feature selection, which optimized weight functions to improve prediction accuracy. To gauge the effectiveness of the proposed IWOA algorithm, evaluation metrics like precision, accuracy, recall, and F1-score were used. The results showed a 99.4% accuracy, demonstrating that the proposed method outperformed the others. A comparative analysis demonstrated that the stacking classifier was the superior choice over the other classifiers, highlighting its effectiveness and robustness in detecting deficiencies. Incorporating advanced optimization techniques, the proposed method’s promise for generating accurate predictions is highlighted in the study.
Numerical Simulation of a Shear Wall Model in Interlocking Masonry with Dry Vertical and Horizontal Joints in Compressed Earth Blocks
Authors: Koudje Basile , Adjovi Edmond
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the mechanical behavior of masonry walls constructed using interlocking compressed earth blocks with dry vertical and horizontal joints. Numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of this innovative system compared to traditional masonry and to validate experimental findings from previous studies, which identified an orthotropic and non-linear behavior in dry-joint interlocking masonry. The results show that while interlocking masonry exhibits performance comparable to traditional masonry under in-plane loads, it suffers an approximate 20% reduction in resistance under out-of-plane loads, primarily due to the absence of mortar in the horizontal joints. Despite this limitation, the system demonstrates significant economic benefits, achieving cost savings of up to 20% for masonry and 14% for reinforced concrete in conventional construction. These findings highlight the potential of interlocking masonry as a sustainable alternative, although its mechanical behavior under certain load conditions requires further investigation to optimize its structural applications.
Correction: Chiu et al. Insights into Metabolic Reprogramming in Tumor Evolution and Therapy. Cancers 2024, 16, 3513
Authors: Chiu Ching-Feng , Guerrero Jonathan Jaime G. , Regalado Ric Ryan H. , Zhou Jiayan , Notarte Kin Israel , Lu Yu-Wei , Encarnacion Paolo C. , Carles Cidne Danielle D. , Octavo Edrian M. , Limbaroc Dan Christopher I. , Saengboonmee Charupong , Huang Shih-Yi
Published: February 2025

Upon further reflection and in consultation with her academic advisors, Ms [...]
The Impact of Progesterone Receptor Status on Survival Outcomes in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with First-Line CDK4/6 Inhibitors
Authors: Guliyev Murad , Güren Ali Kaan , Özge Emre , Çolak Rumeysa , Majidova Nargiz , Alkan Şen Gülin , Safarov Shamkhal , Günaltılı Murat , Fidan Mehmet Cem , Gültürk İlkay , Yılmaz Mesut , Bayoğlu İbrahim Vedat , Demirci Nebi Serkan , Alan Özkan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: CDK4/6 inhibitors have changed the landscape of hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (BC) management. It is essential to identify predictive and prognostic factors for the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors. We aimed to investigate the differences in characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors according to PgR status. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 351 patients treated with first-line CDK 4/6 inhibitors for HR-positive/HER2-negative metastatic BC. Patients were categorized based on their PgR expression levels, including the PgR-low (<20%) and PgR-high (≥20%) groups, and baseline characteristics, treatment responses, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Results: The median age was 57 years (range: 26–85). A total of 99 patients were premenopausal, and 252 patients were postmenopausal. There were 115 (32.8%) patients in the PgR-low group, while 236 (67.2%) were in the PgR-high group. The majority of patients (56.7%) presented with de novo metastatic disease. Visceral metastases presented in 44.2% of patients. Low PgR expression was significantly associated with lower estrogen receptor levels (p = 0.031), elevated Ki-67 levels (p = 0.002), a higher incidence of visceral metastases (p = 0.035), and recurrent disease (p = 0.019). In the multivariate analysis, low PgR expression was a significant independent predictor of worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Conclusions: We demonstrated that low PgR expression is independently and significantly correlated with shorter PFS and OS. These findings support low PgR expression as a valuable prognostic biomarker in metastatic BC patients treated with first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Environmental Impacts on the Photocatalytic Activities of Anatase and Rutile
Authors: Solymos Karolina , Ágoston Áron , Gyulavári Tamás , Szalma Lilla , Todea Milica , Kukovecz Ákos , Kónya Zoltán , Pap Zsolt
Published: February 2025

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in various industries and are increasingly found in environmental systems, especially in soil. However, the environmental behavior of TiO2 NPs is still poorly understood. Hence, this study aims to fill this gap by investigating the short- and long-term effects of soil solutions on anatase and rutile NPs. The experiments were carried out using two soil types, which have very different chemical properties, in order to obtain a more nuanced picture of how these factors affect the stability, surface chemistry, and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 NPs. The results indicate that acidic soil solutions with lower ionic strength tend to enhance the stability of TiO2 NPs by preventing aggregation, while alkaline solutions with higher ionic strength promote aggregation and reduce photocatalytic activity by blocking active sites. Additionally, the adsorption of organic matter and other soil components on the nanoparticle surface further complicates their behavior, potentially reducing their photocatalytic efficiency. The interaction time plays a crucial role in determining the long-term fate of TiO2 NPs in soil environments. Extended exposure to soil solutions leads to changes in crystallite size, surface charge, and the adsorption of functional groups, which, in turn, affect the NPs’ photocatalytic properties.
Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement Mechanisms in the Relationship Between Perceived Parental Warmth and Youth Violence
Authors: Navas-Martínez María J. , Contreras Lourdes , Cano-Lozano M. Carmen
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Although child-to-parent violence (CPV), peer violence (PV), and dating violence (DV) share risk factors and tend to co-occur, little is known about the common and differential mechanisms involved in the development of these types of youth violence. This study aims to (1) analyze the relationship between youth violence (CPV, PV, and DV) and perceived parental warmth and moral disengagement mechanisms and (2) explore the mediating role of moral disengagement mechanisms in the relationship between the lack of perceived parental warmth and youth violence. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based survey study was conducted. The sample consisted of 2124 Spanish adolescents (57.9% girls) aged between 13 and 17 years from educational centers. Results: The lack of perceived parental warmth (parental criticism-rejection in particular) is a common risk factor for all three types of violence and, more relevantly, is related to youth violence through moral disengagement mechanisms, highlighting a differential contribution of these mechanisms according to the type of violence. In particular, advantageous comparison and attribution of blame are specific mediators of CPV, and moral justification and distortion of consequences are specific to PV, whereas euphemistic language seems to be a common mediator of PV and DV. Conclusions: This study suggests that adolescents who perceive a lack of parental warmth are more likely to develop different dysfunctional cognitive mechanisms, which in turn are related to different types of youth violence. It would be important to promote warm parenting practices and address the cognitive mechanisms underlying youth violence.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Post-Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Philadelphia-Positive B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: State of the Art and Future Directions
Authors: Canichella Martina , de Fabritiis Paolo
Published: February 2025

In a scenario characterized by continuous improvement in outcomes, Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL, once considered a biologically defined subtype with one of the poorest prognoses, now includes patients achieving long-term survival even without allogeneic stem cell transplantation. First-line therapy is increasingly adopting a chemo-free approach, combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with immunotherapy—specifically blinatumomab—which has resulted in high rates of complete molecular responses and improved survival outcomes. Within this paradigm shift, the allocation to transplantation is becoming increasingly selective and genomically oriented, focusing on patients with particularly unfavorable prognostic and predictive factors. For patients undergoing transplantation, maintenance therapy with TKIs has emerged as one of the most important strategies to reduce the risk of relapse. However, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding which patients benefit most from this approach, the optimal TKI agents, dosing strategies, and the duration of maintenance therapy. In this review, we aim to consolidate the available evidence on this topic, analyzing it in the context of the most recent clinical experiences.
Ganoderma lucidum Extract Modulates Gene Expression Profiles Associated with Antioxidant Defense, Cytoprotection, and Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts: Investigation of Quantitative Gene Expression by qPCR
Authors: Kühnel Harald , Seiler Markus , Feldhofer Barbara , Ebrahimian Atefeh , Maurer Michael
Published: February 2025

Cellular senescence plays a crucial role in skin aging, with senescent dermal fibroblasts contributing to reduced skin elasticity and increased inflammation. This study investigated the potential of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) ethanol extract to modulate the senescent phenotype of human dermal fibroblasts. Reishi powder of two different vendors was used. The extract was produced by extracting the Reishi powder for at least three weeks in 40% ethanol at room temperature. Etoposide-induced senescent fibroblasts were treated with Reishi extracts from two commercial sources for 14 days. Gene expression analysis was performed using qPCR to assess senescence makers, antioxidant defense, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Results showed that Reishi extracts significantly upregulated antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, including Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (γGCS-L), and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1), compared to untreated controls. Importantly, Reishi treatment suppressed the expression of p16INK4a, a key marker of cellular senescence, while transiently upregulating p21Cip1. The extracts also demonstrated potential senolytic properties, reducing the percentage of senescent cells as measured by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. However, Reishi treatment did not mitigate the upregulation of MMP1 and IL-8 in one Reishi treatment group, indicating differences in the preparations of different vendors. These findings suggest that Ganoderma lucidum extract may help alleviate some aspects of cellular senescence in dermal fibroblasts, primarily through enhanced antioxidant defense and cytoprotection, potentially offering a novel approach to combat skin aging.
Study on the Propagation Law of CO2 Displacement in Tight Conglomerate Reservoirs in the Mahu Depression, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tan Long , Zhang Jigang , Zhang Jing , Jiang Ruihai , Qin Jianhua , Dong Yan , Deng Zhenlong , Song Ping , Cui Chenguang , Zhai Wenya , Tan Fengqi
Published: February 2025

To achieve the efficient utilization of low-permeability tight sand and gravel reservoirs with strong heterogeneity in the Mahu oil area of Xinjiang, CO2 injection is used to improve oil recovery. The sweep pattern of the injected gas is closely related to the development of reservoir pores and throats. Firstly, a three-dimensional model of the average pore-throat radius was established based on complete two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance scanning data of the target layer’s full-diameter core in the Wuerhe Formation. Subsequently, an online NMR injection CO2 continuous oil displacement experiment was conducted using tight conglomerate rock cores to clarify the rules of CO2 oil displacement in each pore-throat interval. Finally, the three-dimensional pore-throat model was combined with microscopic utilization patterns to quantitatively characterize the reservoir utilization rate of the CO2 displacement oil and guide on-site dynamic analysis. The research results indicate that the reservoir space of the Wuerhe Formation is mainly composed of residual intergranular pores, accounting for 40.9% of the pores, followed by intragranular dissolution pores and shrinkage pores. The proportion of pore-throat coordination numbers less than 1 is relatively high, reaching 86.3%. The average pore-throat radius calculation model, established using online NMR data from the continuous coring of full-diameter cores, elucidates the characteristics of the average pore-throat radius in the Wuerhe Formation reservoir. Based on gas displacement experiments that explored the pore-throat behavior at the microscale, the calibrated CO2 injection oil recovery rate was determined to be 43.9%, and the proportion of reserves utilized within the main range during CO2 displacement amounted to 60.77%. The injection pressure is negatively correlated with the maximum pore-throat radius of the gas injection well group, and negatively correlated with the proportion of the 0.9~2 μm distribution of large pore throats in each gas injection well group.
New Results on the Stability and Existence of Langevin Fractional Differential Equations with Boundary Conditions
Authors: Khan Rahman Ullah , Samreen Maria , Ali Gohar , Popa Ioan-Lucian
Published: February 2025

This manuscript aims to establish the existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions for Langevin fractional differential equations involving the generalized Liouville-Caputo derivative. Using a novel approach, we derive existence and uniqueness results through fixed-point theorems, extending and generalizing several existing findings in the literature. To demonstrate the applicability of our results, we provide a practical example that validates the theoretical framework.
A Screening Measure of Emotion Regulation Difficulties: Polish Norms and Psychometrics of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-8 (DERS-8)
Authors: Larionow Paweł , Mazur Monika , Mudło-Głagolska Karolina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) serve as a transdiagnostic risk factor for a wide range of emotion-based psychopathologies, including anxiety and depression disorders. This study presents a report on the psychometrics of the eight-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-8 (DERS-8) and the development of its Polish norms. Methods: The sample comprised 1329 Polish adults aged 18–73, with 907 females, 384 males, 36 non-binary, and 2 people with an unidentifiable gender. The participants filled out a series of self-report questionnaires on DER, anxiety and depression symptoms, and well-being. Factor structure and measurement invariance, as well as discriminant validity of the DERS-8, were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and divergent validity was assessed via relationships with negative and positive mental health outcomes. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated with alpha and omega coefficients. Demographic differences were also examined. Results: Our empirical evidence supported the strong psychometrics of the Polish DERS-8, including its good level of internal consistency reliability (i.e., 0.89) and strong validity. The one-factor DERS-8 model had a good fit, with its supported scalar invariance between a set of demographic variables and levels of mental health outcomes. DERS-8 scores were strong positive predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms and negative predictors of well-being, emphasizing the potential detrimental effects of DER on the dual continuum of mental health and mental illness. Conclusions: The Polish DERS-8 has strong psychometric properties. Given the development of its percentile rank norms, the scale can be used as a good screening measure of DER in the Polish adult sample.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Cardiometabolic Health in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Charlier Léa , Cordeiro Léa , Cavalcante Neto Jorge Lopes , Signini Étore De Favari , Barbosa-Silva Jordana , Corbellini Camilo , Lipka Antoine , de Abreu Raphael Martins
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. Although physical exercise (PE) has emerged in the literature as an important modulator for reducing such risk, evidence remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of PE on cardiometabolic health in individuals with ASD. Methods: A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines, from their inception until 18 July 2023, in the following electronic databases: Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they focused on ASD patients undergoing physical exercise, assessing cardiometabolic risk, exercise tolerance, and QoL. The following were excluded: non-exercise interventions, additional therapies, non-English studies, and reviews. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed through the Downs and Black scale. Results: A total of four studies (149 participants) were included in this review, with the average methodological quality being rated as “fair”. Interventions had mixed effects on cardiometabolic health. The BMI (↓2.8 kg/m2), waist circumference (↓1.86 cm), and lipid profiles improved in some cases. VO2max and HRbaseline showed moderate gains. Secondary outcomes included enhanced endurance, strength, and calorie expenditure, especially in mild ASD. Autistic traits and quality of life improved post-intervention, with better results in the experimental groups. Conclusions: This review indicates that aerobic and functional training improves cardiometabolic health, autistic traits, and QoL in individuals with ASD, particularly in mild cases. Further research is needed to explore the impact of ASD severity on these outcomes.
Pathway from Exposure to an E-Cigarette Prevention Social Media Campaign to Increased Quitting Intentions: A Randomized Trial Among Young Adult E-Cigarette Users
Authors: D’Esterre Alexander P. , Tulsiani Shreya , Hair Elizabeth C. , Aseltine Madeleine , Yu Linda Q. , Ichimiya Megumi , Bingenheimer Jeffrey B. , Cantrell Jennifer , Evans W. Douglas
Published: February 2025

In 2022, 26–31% of young adults reported using e-cigarettes in the previous 30 days. Research supports the effectiveness of mass media health campaigns in changing targeted attitudes and behaviors regarding nicotine use. However, the effect of social media campaigns and the pathway through which they change attitudes and behaviors require more research. This randomized controlled experiment examines the pathway through which exposure to an e-cigarette prevention social media campaign influences intentions to quit e-cigarettes among young adults who currently use e-cigarettes. Participants (n = 160) aged 18 to 24 years old were recruited through Virtual Lab in Facebook and Instagram. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the pathway from campaign exposure, to changes in targeted attitudes, and finally to intentions to quit e-cigarettes in the next year. Ad exposure was significantly associated with stronger anti-industry attitudes, independence from e-cigarettes, and risk perceptions. These campaign-targeted attitudes were significantly associated with greater intentions to quit e-cigarettes (anti-industry attitudes (OR = 1.43), independence (OR = 1.50), and risk perception (OR = 1.71)). The findings suggest that exposure to an e-cigarette prevention social media campaign can affect targeted attitudes, which in turn improve intentions to quit. Future research should examine behavior changes and compare the effects between those currently using e-cigarettes and those not using them.
In Silico Identification of Potential Clovibactin-like Antibiotics Binding to Unique Cell Wall Precursors in Diverse Gram-Positive Bacterial Strains
Authors: Sierra-Hernandez Olimpo , Saurith-Coronell Oscar , Rodríguez-Macías Juan , Márquez Edgar , Mora José Ramón , Paz José L. , Flores-Sumoza Maryury , Mendoza-Mendoza Adel , Flores-Morales Virginia , Marrero-Ponce Yovani , Barigye Stephen J. , Martinez-Rios Felix
Published: February 2025

The rise in multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the critical need for novel antibiotics. This study explores clovibactin-like compounds as potential therapeutic agents targeting lipid II, a crucial component in bacterial cell wall synthesis, using in silico techniques. A total of 2624 clovibactin analogs were sourced from the PubChem database and screened using ProTox 3.0 software based on their ADME-Tox properties, prioritizing candidates with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and minimal toxicity. Molecular docking protocols were then employed to assess the binding interactions of the selected compounds with lipid II. Our analysis identified Compound 22 as a particularly promising candidate, exhibiting strong binding affinity, stable complex formation, and high selectivity for the target. Binding energy analysis, conducted via molecular dynamics simulations, revealed a highly negative value of −25.50 kcal/mol for Compound 22, surpassing that of clovibactin and underscoring its potential efficacy. In addition, Compound 22 was prioritized due to its exceptional binding affinity to lipid II and its favorable ADME-Tox properties, suggesting a lower likelihood of adverse effects. These characteristics position Compound 22 as a promising candidate for further pharmacological development. While our computational results are encouraging, experimental validation is essential to confirm the efficacy and safety of these compounds. This study not only advances our understanding of clovibactin analogs but also contributes to the ongoing efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance through innovative antibiotic development.
Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Substance Use Disorder (SUD)—A Review and Insights into Possible Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Chmiel James , Stępień-Słodkowska Marta , Ramik-Mażewska Irena
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant global clinical issue marked by the excessive consumption of alcohol, nicotine, and various psychoactive substances, leading to impaired social, cognitive, and occupational functioning. Individuals with SUD frequently experience depression and anxiety disorders, which exacerbate their prognosis and contribute to substantial health and social burdens. The pathophysiology of SUD and its associated conditions is multifaceted, involving multiple dysfunctions in the brain. This complexity underscores an urgent need for the development of noninvasive treatments that can directly target the brain. One of them is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), an intensively studied technique for safely modulating cortical excitability. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of tDCS in treating symptoms of depression and anxiety in SUD. Methods: With an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms of action, this mechanistic review investigates the effectiveness of tDCS in treating anxiety and depression in SUD patients. Literature searches were conducted using the PubMed/Medline, ResearchGate, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases. Results: The review identified 12 relevant studies. The results showed that left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation is an effective treatment option for depression in SUD. In anxiety disorders, left and right DLPFC stimulation is effective, with better results observed with right DLPFC stimulation. However, the included studies differed in their methodology, sample characteristics, and measurement methods, which could have influenced the final results of the analysis. The central focus of this mechanistic review is to discuss the potential mechanisms of action of tDCS in treating depression and anxiety in SUD. These mechanisms include the modulation of brain networks, a reduction in neuroinflammation, an enhancement in neuroplasticity, and an increase in P300 amplitude. We also discuss the limitations of the included studies and propose ways to address them in future research. Conclusions: This review provides evidence that tDCS is an effective treatment option for anxiety and depression in SUD. Stimulation of the left DLPFC reduces symptoms of depression, while stimulation of the right DLPFC reduces symptoms of anxiety. However, future research is required to confirm these findings and to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms through which tDCS exerts its effects in this context. Neuroimaging methods (fMRI and EEG) and blood tests could be particularly useful.
What Is New and What Is Next for SAPHO Syndrome Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ferraioli Mario , Levani Juela , De Luca Riccardo , Matucci-Cerinic Caterina , Gattorno Marco , Guiducci Serena , Bellando Randone Silvia , Chimenti Maria Sole
Published: February 2025

Synovitis–acne–pustulosis–hyperostosis–osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare disease characterized by a sterile inflammatory osteitis and/or arthritis associated with a wide range of dermatological manifestations, such as acne, palmoplantar pustulosis, and psoriasis. This review, providing up-to-date knowledge on this disease, aims at informing researchers and clinicians to help them program future studies in order to improve patients’ care. Due to the vast clinical heterogeneity that characterizes this disease, SAPHO syndrome has received various names; among these, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis represents the most used one. The various nomenclatures in use also reflect different approaches to its management. Indeed, considering the world-wide distribution and the vast onset age (from children to late adulthood), in addition to the multiform clinical presentation, its diagnosis and treatment are often challenging for clinicians. In this review, we provide valuable insights on SAPHO syndrome, delving into its many aspects: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and classification. Most importantly, this paper addresses the continuously changing treatment panorama of this disease, from established drugs to newly introduced ones. Furthermore, a peculiar focus regards nonpharmacologic approaches, including traditional Chinese medicine, the apheresis technique, and surgery. Similarly, this review also discusses patients’ lifestyle, including quality of life. To improve SAPHO syndrome’s management, different knowledge gaps should be filled, such as its current epidemiology and pathogenesis. In turn, perfected knowledge in these fields could also advance research in therapy.
Composite Dust Toxicity Related to Restoration Polishing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kucharska Kamila , Lehmann Anna , Ortarzewska Martyna , Jankowski Jakub , Nijakowski Kacper
Published: February 2025

An integral part of daily dental practice is preparing and polishing placed composite restorations. When these procedures are performed, significant amounts of composite dust are released from the grinding material. This systematic review aims to enhance the existing body of knowledge, encourage further dialogue, and expand the understanding of composite dust and its related risks. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, twelve studies were included. Several studies highlight that composite dust contains nanoparticles capable of deep lung penetration, posing significant health risks to both dental staff and patients. Inhalation of composite dust can lead to respiratory diseases such as pneumoconiosis. Studies have shown that water cooling during composite grinding reduces dust emissions but does not eliminate them completely. Researchers suggest that thermal degradation of the composite material, not just filler particles, may be the source of the nanoparticles. In vitro studies have shown the toxicity of composite dust to bronchial and gingival epithelial cells, especially at high concentrations. Further research is needed on the health effects of composite dust and the development of effective methods to protect staff and patients.
Schiff Base-Crosslinked Tetra-PEG-BSA Hydrogel: Design, Properties, and Multifunctional Functions
Authors: Qu Yuanyuan , Li Jinlong , Jia Xin , Yin Lijun
Published: February 2025

Hydrogel network structures play a crucial role in determining mechanical properties and have broad applications in biomedical and industrial fields. Therefore, their rational design is essential. Herein, we developed a Schiff base-crosslinked hydrogel through the reaction of Tetra-armed polyethylene glycol with aldehyde end groups (Tetra-PEG-CHO) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under alkaline conditions. In addition, the Tetra-PEG-BSA hydrogel showed a rapid gelation time of around 11 s, much faster than that of the GLU-BSA, HT-BSA, and GDL-BSA hydrogels. It had high optical transmittance (92.92% at 600 nm) and swelling ratios superior to the other gels in different solutions, maintaining structural integrity even in denaturing environments such as guanidine hydrochloride and SDS. Mechanical tests showed superior strain at break (84.12 ± 0.76%), rupture stress (28.64 ± 1.21 kPa), and energy dissipation ability (468.0 ± 34.9 kJ·m−3), surpassing all control group hydrogels. MTT cytotoxicity assays indicated that cell viability remained >80% at lower concentrations, confirming excellent biocompatibility. These findings suggest that Tetra-PEG-BSA hydrogels may serve as effective materials for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and 3D printing.
Media Self-Regulation in the Use of AI: Limitation of Multimodal Generative Content and Ethical Commitments to Transparency and Verification
Authors: Sánchez-García Pilar , Diez-Gracia Alba , Mayorga Ignacio Repilado , Jerónimo Pedro
Published: February 2025

The expansion of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) across different stages of production and distribution in journalism is opening a debate on its applications within newsrooms and in business models. This research studies how different media outlets, media groups and institutions are beginning to create internal regulations for the use of AI, both from a technical and an ethical perspective. To do so, an international sample (N = 45) of editorial stylebooks and internal self-regulatory guidelines published between 2023 and early 2025 have been compiled—all links are openly available here—and put through a process of content analysis. The results indicate that the self-regulatory guidelines emerge from an individual initiative of the media themselves, with a focus on limiting the use of generative AI, particularly in text creation. The guidelines emphasize ethical commitments such as transparency, content verification, and respect for data and copyright while underlining the importance of human oversight. Key objectives include avoiding bias, ensuring information quality, and strengthening audience trust. Despite progress, regulation remains in its early stages and requires continuous adaptation to keep pace with technological advancements.
Weight-Bearing Versus Non-Weight-Bearing After Ankle Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcome
Authors: Llombart-Blanco Rafael , Mariscal Gonzalo , Khalil Ibrahim , Cordón Violeta , Benlloch María , Barrios Carlos , Llombart-Ais Rafael
Published: February 2025

Background: Ankle fractures commonly affect mobility and quality of life. Although unstable fractures typically require surgery, post-treatment protocols vary widely, including both surgical and conservative approaches. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of early weight-bearing after ankle fracture treatment on functional outcomes and quality of life. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS strategy, we performed a meta-analysis across multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library). Analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4, calculating the mean and standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Eleven studies (n = 939) showed favorable outcomes with weight-bearing. Significant functional improvements were observed at 6 weeks (MD 7.88, 95% CI 3.14–12.61), 3 months (MD 5.79, 95% CI 4.41–7.17), and 12 months (MD 4.74, 95% CI 3.01–6.46). RAND scores favored the weight-bearing group at 6 weeks (SMD 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.70) and 12 months (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.07–0.55), with no significant differences at 3 months (SMD 0.18, 95% CI −0.10–0.46). Conclusion: The outcomes obtained indicated statistically significant differences in favor of the early weight-bearing group regarding ankle function and quality of life.
Influence of Pre-Strain on the Course of Energy Dissipation and Durability in Low-Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Mroziński Stanisław , Piotrowski Michał , Egner Władysław , Egner Halina
Published: February 2025

The work undertaken in this paper is the comparative analysis of the accumulation of plastic strain energy in the as-received and pre-deformed (overloaded) material states, performed on the example of S420M steel. For this reason, the low-cycle fatigue tests on S420M steel specimens were conducted under controlled deformation conditions, and both as-received (undeformed) and pre-deformed specimens were used in the tests. The results of the low-cycle tests were analyzed in terms of dissipated energy. This study found that pre-straining of S420M steel specimens causes a reduction in the energy of the hysteresis loop at all strain amplitude levels. This results in a slight increase in the fatigue life of pre-strained specimens compared to as-received specimens. Based on the analysis, it was also found that despite the different lifetimes obtained at the same strain amplitude levels, the fatigue characteristics in terms of energy of the as-received and pre-strained samples are statistically the same. Experimental verification of the analytical models used to describe hysteresis loops confirmed their suitability for describing fatigue behavior for specimens made of steel in both the as-received and pre-strained state.
Nanostructured Chromium PVD Thin Films Fabricated Through Copper–Chromium Selective Dissolution
Authors: Martinuzzi Stefano Mauro , Caporali Stefano , Taurino Rosa , Gabellini Lapo , Berretti Enrico , Schmeer Eric , Calisi Nicola
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the fabrication of nanostructured chromium thin films via selective dissolution of PVD-deposited Cu–Cr thin films. The effects of the deposition parameters on the structural, chemical, and morphological properties of the films are systematically analyzed. Starting from a thin film composed of 50 wt.% chromium and 50 wt.% copper, deposited onto a substrate pre-heated to 300 °C, we demonstrate that the following dealloying process carried out in a diluted nitric acid solution yields nanostructured chromium films with high porosity, large surface area, enhanced wettability and neglectable copper content. These findings underline the critical influence of the deposition temperature and alloy composition on achieving optimal film properties.
A Review of Simulation Tools Utilization for the Process of Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Kaščák Ľuboš , Varga Ján , Bidulská Jana , Bidulský Róbert , Kvačkaj Tibor
Published: February 2025

This review describes the process of metal additive manufacturing and focuses on the possibility of correlated input parameters that are important for this process. The correlation of individual parameters in the metal additive manufacturing process is considered using simulation tools that allow the prediction of various defects, thus making the real production process more efficient, especially in terms of time and costs. Special attention is paid to multiple applications using these simulation tools as an initial analysis to determine the material’s behavior when defining various input factors, including the results obtained. Based on this, further procedures were implemented, including real production parts. This review also points out the range of possible variations that simulation tools have, which helps to effectively predict material defects and determine the volume of consumed material, supports construction risk, and other information necessary to obtain a quality part in the production process. From the overview of the application of simulation tools in this process, it was found that the correlation between theoretical knowledge and the definition of individual process parameters and other variables are related and are of fundamental importance for achieving the final part with the required properties. In terms of some specific findings, it can be noted that simulation tools identify adverse phenomena occurring in the production processes and allow manufacturers to test the validity of the proposed conceptual and model solutions without making actual changes in the production system, and they have the measurable impact on the design and production of quality parts.
Existence and Uniqueness of Fixed-Point Results in Non-Solid C⋆-Algebra-Valued Bipolar b-Metric Spaces
Authors: Bokodisa Annel Thembinkosi , Aphane Maggie
Published: February 2025

In this monograph, motivated by the work of Aphane, Gaba, and Xu, we explore fixed-point theory within the framework of C⋆-algebra-valued bipolar b-metric spaces, characterized by a non-solid positive cone. We define and analyze (FH−GH)-contractions, utilizing positive monotone functions to extend classical contraction principles. Key contributions include the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for mappings satisfying generalized contraction conditions. The interplay between the non-solidness of the cone, the C⋆-algebra structure, and the completeness of the space is central to our results. We apply our results to find uniqueness of solutions to Fredholm integral equations and differential equations, and we extend the Ulam–Hyers stability problem to non-solid cones. This work advances the theory of metric spaces over Banach algebras, providing foundational insights with applications in operator theory and quantum mechanics.
A Review on the Magnetovolume Effect of the Full Heusler Alloys Ni2MnZ (Z = In, Sn, Sb)
Authors: Kanomata Takeshi , Xu Xiao , Sakon Takuo , Nagata Yuki , Imada Shin , Omori Toshihiro , Kainuma Ryosuke , Eto Tetsujiro , Adachi Yoshiya , Kihara Takumi , Amako Yasushi , Doi Masaaki , Uwatoko Yoshiya
Published: February 2025

The full Heusler alloys Ni2MnZ (Z = In, Sn, Sb) exhibit ferromagnetic properties with a Curie temperature (TC) above room temperature. The magnetic properties of Ni2MnZ (Z = In, Sn, Sb) were studied through a combination of experiments and band calculations under ambient and elevated pressures. The main results of this study open up further prospects for controlling the magnetic properties of the multifunctional Heusler alloys Ni2Mn1+xZ1−x (Z = In, Sn, Sb) and their practical application.
Viral Infection and Dissemination Through the Lymphatic System
Authors: Brisse Morgan E. , Hickman Heather D.
Published: February 2025

Many viruses induce viremia (virus in the blood) and disseminate throughout the body via the bloodstream from the initial infection site. However, viruses must often pass through the lymphatic system to reach the blood. The lymphatic system comprises a network of vessels distinct from blood vessels, along with interconnected lymph nodes (LNs). The complex network has become increasingly appreciated as a crucial host factor that contributes to both the spread and control of viral infections. Viruses can enter the lymphatics as free virions or along with migratory cells. Once virions arrive in the LN, sinus-resident macrophages remove infectious virus from the lymph. Depending on the virus, macrophages can eliminate infection or propagate the virus. A virus released from an LN is eventually deposited into the blood. This unique pathway highlights LNs as targets for viral infection control and for modulation of antiviral response development. Here, we review the lymphatic system and viruses that disseminate through this network. We discuss infection of the LN, the generation of adaptive antiviral immunity, and current knowledge of protection within the infected node. We conclude by sharing insights from ongoing efforts to optimize lymphatic targeting by vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Understanding the lymphatic system’s role during viral infection enhances our knowledge of antiviral immunity and virus–host interactions and reveals potential targets for next-generation therapies.
Temporal Analysis of Climate Change Impact on the Spread and Prevalence of Vector-Borne Diseases in Campania (2018–2023)
Authors: Gargano Federica , Brunetti Roberta , Buonanno Marialuisa , De Martinis Claudio , Cardillo Lorena , Fenizia Pellegrino , Anatriello Antonietta , Rofrano Giuseppe , D’Auria Luigi Jacopo , Fusco Giovanna , Baldi Loredana , De Carlo Esterina , Ottaiano Maria
Published: February 2025

Vector-borne infections (Arbovirosis) represent a significant threat to public health worldwide. Climate change, currently a global problem, seems to contribute to the incidence and prevalence of autochthonous and imported cases of arbovirosis in Europe. The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the occurrence and spread of arbovirosis in order to offer concrete ideas to the competent authorities and modulate surveillance plans on the basis of risk assessment. The results of official controls carried out from 2018 to 2023 on animals subjected to the Surveillance Plans for Blue Tongue, West Nile and Usutu viruses in the Campania Region were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (version 4.5.0). The possible correlation between the prevalence of infections and climate parameters was evaluated with the “cross-correlation time series” (p-value < 0.05). The generalized linear mixed model showed that for each unit increase in humidity and temperature, the probability of disease spread increased by 4.56% and 7.84%, respectively. The univariate logistic regression model and the odds ratio were necessary to evaluate the possible risk related to the proximity to wetlands or to bodies of water: in the past few years, these have represented a risk for the persistence and spread of arbovirosis in the Campania region.
Development of Rapid Alkaline Lysis–Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique for Authentication of Mithun (Bos frontalis) and Yak (Bos grunniens) Species
Authors: Mech Moon Moon , Rathore Hanumant Singh , Jawla Jyoti , Karabasanavar Nagappa , Hanah Sapunii Stephen , Kumar Harshit , Ramesh Vikram , Milton Arockiasamy Arun Prince , Vidyarthi Vijay Kumar , Sarkar Mihir , Shivanagowda Girish Patil
Published: February 2025

Bos frontalis (Mithun) and Bos grunniens (yak) are crucial to the culture, food security, and economy of Southeast Asia, especially in India and China, respectively. Their genetic closeness to Bos indicus (indicine cattle) and Bos taurus (taurine cattle) necessitates precise methods for meat origin authentication. This study introduces a DNA-based technique to distinguish Mithun and yak species using the alkaline lysis (AL) protocol for DNA extraction, followed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify unique mitochondrial D-loop regions, yielding 489 bp and 422 bp amplicons, respectively. The AL-PCR method showed high specificity for both species, with no cross-amplification with other related species. The method’s effectiveness was validated across various sample preparations, including raw, cooked, autoclaved, microwaved, and fried samples. The AL-PCR assay is highly sensitive, detecting as little as 1 pg of Mithun DNA and 100 pg of yak DNA, and can identify down to 0.1% of these species in binary mixtures. This approach is rapid and cost-effective, offering significant benefits for consumer protection, promoting Mithun and yak farming, and addressing food safety and traceability issues.