bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ameliorates cardiac injury and adipose tissue inflammation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ito S. , Sano Y. , Nagasawa K. , Matsuura N. , Yamada Y. , Uchinaka A. , Murohara T. , Nagata K.
Published: July 2016

Introduction

n‐3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are abundant in fish oil, have been shown to delay the onset of cardiovascular events. We previously established DahlS.Z‐Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rats, which are derived from a cross between Dahl salt‐sensitive and Zucker rats, as a model of metabolic syndrome. This study has now explored the influence of highly purified EPA on cardiac and adipose tissue pathophysiology in this animal model.

Materials and methods

DS/obese rats were administered EPA (300 or 1,000 mg kg−1 d−1, per os) or vehicle from age 9 to 13 weeks. Homozygous lean (DahlS.Z‐Lepr+/Lepr+, or DS/lean) littermates were studied as controls.

Results

Whereas EPA had no effect on body weight, food intake or systolic blood pressure in DS/obese rats, it attenuated cardiac fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in these animals. In addition, EPA did not affect insulin resistance but reduced adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in visceral fat of DS/obese rats. Moreover, EPA increased circulating levels of adiponectin as well as attenuated both the down‐regulation of AMP‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation and the up‐regulation of phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor‐kB in the heart of DS/obese rats.

Conclusions

Treatment of DS/obese rats with EPA did not affect hypertension but reduced cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction, with the latter effects being accompanied by AMP‐activated protein kinase activation and inactivation of nuclear factor‐kB signalling in the heart, possibly as a result of an increase in adiponectin secretion. EPA may be suitable for the treatment of cardiac injury associated with metabolic syndrome.
Adolescent versus parent reports on asthma and asthma symptoms
Authors: Romano‐Zelekha Orly , Graif Yael , Sultan Serine , Livne Irit , Shohat Tamy
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Epidemiological studies of asthma in adolescence commonly rely on self‐reports. This study aimed to compare adolescent and parent reports regarding the presence of asthma and asthma symptoms in two ethnic groups, Jews and Arabs, living in the same country.

Methods

Eighth‐grade pupils attending five schools in Tel Aviv and four schools in two Arab cities in Israel were asked to complete the self‐report International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire in the classroom. Their parents were interviewed by telephone using the parental ISAAC questionnaire. We assessed prevalence rates of asthma and asthma symptoms according to adolescent and parent responses. Agreement between adolescents and parents was assessed by Cohen's kappa coefficient.

Results

Adolescents reported more asthma and asthma symptoms than their parents in both the Jewish (327 adolescent‐parent pairs) and the Arab (335 adolescent‐parent pairs) groups. Both groups showed moderate adolescent‐parent chance‐corrected agreement for current asthma (kappa 0.59 in Jews, 0.52 in Arabs, P = 0.60) and lifetime asthma (kappa 0.53 Jews, 0.44 in Arabs, P = 0.33); and slight to fair chance‐corrected agreement for asthma symptoms. There were no statistically significant differences between the Jewish and Arab populations in chance‐corrected agreement for any of the parameters assessed.

Conclusions

Jewish and Arab adolescents more often report asthma and asthma symptoms than do their parents. This seems to be a cross‐cultural phenomenon. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the source of information when comparing prevalence of asthma and asthma symptoms across studies. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:154–159. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eradication of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus detected for the first time in cystic fibrosis: A single center observational study
Authors: Kappler Matthias , Nagel Felicitas , Feilcke Maria , Kröner Carolin , Pawlita Ingo , Naehrig Susanne , Ripper Jan , Hengst Meike , von Both Ulrich , Forstner Maria , Hector Andreas , Griese Matthias
Published: July 2016

Objective

To retrospectively identify CF patients with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to assess the long‐term success of an eradication scheme introduced in 2002 for all newly colonized patients.

Patients

All microbiological results from all 505 CF patients followed between 2002 and 2012 were analyzed focusing on the detection of MRSA.

Methods

Retrospective patient record analysis of MRSA positive CF patients regarding eradication and clinical outcome.

Results

We identified 57 patients with MRSA, mean age 15.3 years (range: 0.6–36.9, incidence 0.9%/year). Of these, nine patients were lost to follow‐up; seven chronically colonized patients were excluded from the intervention. Eradication was suggested to all patients, 37/41 gave their consent to the following two‐step approach: (i) dual iv antibiotic treatment over 3 weeks, accompanied by hygienic directives and topical therapy for 5 days followed by a 6‐week period with dual oral antibiotic therapy and inhalation with vancomycin. (ii) Each new MRSA detection was treated with 6 weeks inhalation of vancomycin and topical therapy for 5 days. Long‐term eradication was rated by the microbiological status in the third year after first detection. MRSA was eradicated in 31 of 37 patients (84%) whose clinical course was stable (mean FEV1 one year before MRSA 80.4%, 3 years after MRSA 81.0%).

Conclusions

MRSA colonization mandates complex and expensive hygienic measures which are not well accepted by patients. Therefore, MRSA eradication is desirable. Intensive therapy regimens may be successful in patients with CF and might help to maintain a stable clinical course. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1010–1019. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum information entropy of Eckart potential
Authors: Pooja  , Kumar R. , Kumar G. , Kumar R. , Kumar Anil
Published: July 2016

In this work, the position and momentum space information densities of the Eckart potential are graphically demonstrated and their properties are studied. The position space information densities have quite an asymmetric shape depending on the values of quantum numbers. The information entropy is obtained and Bialynicki‐Birula and Mycielski inequality is numerically saturated for some parameters of the potential. It is shown that the inequality is saturated with increasing potential depth.
Characterization of phenolic compounds in coal tar by gas chromatography/negative‐ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Sutian , Ma Chao , Qian Kejun , Zhou Yasong , Shi Quan
Published: July 2016

Rationale

Phenolic compounds are commonly found in fossel fuels and bio‐oils, and have a detrimental effect on the chemical stability of the fuels. A selective analytical method is needed to characterize the phenolic compounds in complex hydrocarbon mixtures.

Methods

Gas chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/APCI‐MS) was used to characterize the phenolic compounds in a low‐temperature coal tar and its narrow distillate fractions.

Results

Negative‐ion APCI selectively ionized phenolic compounds in the coal tar. The [M–H]− and [M–H + O]− ions were derived from monohydric phenols, while [M–H]−, [M‐2H]−, and [M–2H + O]− were from benzenediols. Monohydric phenolic compounds with 1–4 aromatic rings and some dihydric phenolic compounds were identified. The results from GC/APCI‐MS were validated by those from negative electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FTICRMS).

Conclusions

Negative‐ion GC/APCI‐MS was proposed and successfully used to characterize phenolic compounds in coal tar samples. This technique can potentially be used for the characterization of phenolic compounds in other complex hydrocarbon systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the Mechanism of Fluorescence Quenching of CdS quantum dots by 2‐Amino‐7‐Nitrofluorene and 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐7‐Nitrofluorene
Authors: Dandpat Shiba Sundar , Sahu Prabhat Kumar , Sarkar Moloy
Published: July 2016

Mechanism for fluorescence quenching of CdS quantum dots in presence of 2‐Amino‐7‐Nitrofluorene (ANF) and 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐7‐Nitrofluorene (DMANF) has been investigated using steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Lowering of emission intensity along with a reduction in average lifetime of CdS quantum dots has been observed with addition of both ANF and DMANF. This quenching is also accompanied with an enhancement in the emission intensity of ANF and DMANF. From these observations, resonance energy transfer is anticipated to take place in the present case. However, a careful analysis of rate constants, Stern‐Volmer plot, steady‐state and lifetime decay profiles showed that the quenching is observed not due to energy transfer, rather due to other competing processes like static quenching and photoinduced charge transfer between the dyads. The high bimolecular quenching rate constants estimated from Stern‐Volmer plot support the presence of static quenching of CdS quantum dots. Analysis of redox potential values of CdS quantum dots, ANF and DMANF has shown the possibility for photoinduced charge transfer in the present systems.
Thickness Dependence of Acidity and Microstructure in Nafion Films
Authors: Singhal Nancy , Datta Anindya
Published: July 2016

Thin films of Nafion of various thickness viz. 6 and 1 µm, 280, 80 and 33 nm have been probed using the fluorescent molecule 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)benzimidazole (2PBI), at low as well as high hydration levels. The acidity of these films has been found to be less than that of Nafion 117 membrane at hydrated conditions. This has been ascribed to the high water uptake of the films compared to the membrane and the consequent decrease in the local concentration of protons. The fluorophore reports a significant decrease in the acidity of the film upon annealing them, for all values of thickness. Surprisingly, the acidity in annealed film is lesser than in nonannealed films in which H3O+ ions are exchanged with Na+ ions. Acid treatment of the annealed films causes a reversal of this effect, except for the film with thickness less than 80 nm. Thus, pockets inaccessible to proton appear to form in the ultrathin films. The effective proton concentration depends on the thickness of the films and decreases with decrease in thickness of the films. This may be due to the association of protons to sulfonate ions at lower thickness.
Sodium Cyanate Mediated Synthesis of Sulfonylurea and Sulfonyltriuret from Sulfonyl Chloride and Amine
Authors: Hadianawala Murtuza , Shaik Althaf , Hasija Nisha , Vasu Anuji K. , Datta Dr Bhaskar
Published: July 2016

Synthetic methods providing access to sulfonylureas are immensely valuable considering the wide usage of sulfonylurea derivatives as hypoglycemic drugs and herbicides. In this work, the scope of a sodium cyanate mediated single‐step synthesis of sulfonylureas from amines and sulfonyl chlorides as starting materials has been examined. Success of the single‐step reaction in affording desired aliphatic and aromatic sulfonylurea products depends on the combination of suitable nucleophilicity of amines and reactivity of sulfonyl chlorides. In addition to providing access to sulfonylureas, the interplay of reactivities of the amine and sulfonyl chloride is found to result in emergence of specific oligomeric products that are characterized as novel sulfonyltriurets. In effect, the sodium cyanate mediated single‐step reaction for synthesis of sulfonylureas also provides a method for synthesis of specific sulfonyltriurets. Electronic effects accompanying the amine and sulfonyl chloride modulate the nature of major product between sulfonylureas and sulfonyltriurets. The sodium cyanate mediated single‐step reaction is thus sought to be considered as a method for synthesis of sulfonyltriurets in addition to sulfonylureas.
Electrochemical Properties of APCVD α‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles at 300 oC
Authors: Vernardou Dimitra , Apostolopoulou Maria , Katsarakis Nikolaos , Koudoumas Emmanouil , Drosos Charalampos , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: July 2016

The growth of hematite (FeIII oxide) by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition was possible at 300 oC by controlling the nitrogen flow rate through the iron precursor bubbler. An increase of crystallinity along with the presence of compact interconnected nanoparticles was observed upon increasing the nitrogen flow rate. The amount of incorporated charge was the highest for the 0.6 L min−1 coating presenting reversibility after a period of 1400 s as obtained from chronoamperometry measurements. Additionally, the charge transfer of lithium‐ions across the FeIII oxide / electrolyte interface was easier enhancing its performance presenting capacitance retention of 94 % after 500 scans. The importance of nitrogen flow rate towards the deposition of an anode with good stability and effective electrochemical behavior is highlighted.
The Mechanism and Modelling of Shunt Current in the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Skyllas‐Kazacos Maria , McCann John , Li Yifeng , Bao Jie , Tang Ao
Published: July 2016

To date, no physical model has been proposed to describe the mechanism of shunt currents in bipolar electrochemical reactors with a common electrolyte manifold. In this paper, we show that under the influence of the cell voltage driving force, the bipolar electrode provides an internal electrical pathway that allows electrons to flow from the negative half‐cell of one cell, to the positive half‐cell of the adjacent cell, leading to self‐discharge reactions that can occur even when the stack is at open‐circuit. This is made possible, by the presence of the interconnecting channels and common electrolyte manifolds that enable the flow of hydrogen or other charge carrying ions to complete the circuit. The larger the number of cells in the cell stack, the larger the number of internal pathways for electrons and protons to flow, so the greater the shunt current losses.
Metagenome Mining: A Sequence Directed Strategy for the Retrieval of Enzymes for Biocatalysis
Authors: Jeffries Jack W. E. , Dawson Natalie , Orengo Christine , Moody Thomas S. , Quinn Derek J. , Hailes Helen C. , Ward John M.
Published: July 2016

Biocatalytic reactions are increasingly being used as a sustainable strategy in organic synthesis and it is recognised that there is need for new enzyme discovery. To establish the utility and versatility of a metagenomics approach, metagenomic DNA extracted from the oral cavity was sequenced and used to create an in silico contig library. This enables individual open reading frames, operons or all the enzymes of a particular family to be identified and then retrieved from the original DNA by PCR. As proof of principle a lactate dehydrogenase, a malate dehydrogenase and transketolases were identified in silico, successfully cloned and assayed. This new enzyme retrieval sequence directed method gives constructive access to metagenomic diversity and importantly improves on the low hit rate experienced when using conventional metagenomic screens.
Inorganic Nano Light‐Emitting Transistor: p‐Type Porous Silicon Nanowire/n‐Type ZnO Nanofilm
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Jong Woo , Lee Tae Il , Myoung Jae Min
Published: July 2016

An inorganic nano light‐emitting transistor (INLET) consisting of p‐type porous Si nanowires (PoSiNWs) and an n‐type ZnO nanofilm was integrated on a heavily doped p‐type Si substrate with a thermally grown SiO2 layer. To verify that modulation of the Fermi level of the PoSiNWs is key for switchable light emitting, I–V and electroluminescent characteristics of the INLET are investigated as a function of gate bias (V
g). As the V
g is changed from 0 V to −20 V, the current level and light‐emission intensity in the orange–red range increase by three and two times, respectively, with a forward bias of 20 V in the p–n junction, compared to those at a V
g of 0 V. On the other hand, as the V
g approaches 10 V, the current level decreases and the emission intensity is reduced and then finally switched off. This result arises from the modulation of the Fermi level of the PoSiNWs and the built‐in potential at the p–n junction by the applied gate electric field.
Celecoxib and octreotide synergistically ameliorate portal hypertension via inhibition of angiogenesis in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Gao Jin-Hang , Wen Shi-Lei , Feng Shi , Yang Wen-Juan , Lu Yao-Yao , Tong Huan , Liu Rui , Tang Shi-Hang , Huang Zhi-Yin , Tang Ying-Mei , Yang Jin-Hui , Xie Hui-Qi , Tang Cheng-Wei
Published: July 2016

Abnormal angiogenesis is critical for portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Except for etiological treatment, no efficient medication or regime has been explored to treat the early stage of cirrhosis when angiogenesis is initiated or overwhelming. In this study, we explored an anti-angiogenesis effort through non-cytotoxic drugs octreotide and celecoxib to treat early stage of cirrhotic portal hypertension in an animal model. Peritoneal injection of thioacetamide (TAA) was employed to induce liver cirrhosis in rats. A combination treatment of celecoxib and octreotide was found to relieve liver fibrosis, portal venous pressure, micro-hepatic arterioportal fistulas, intrahepatic and splanchnic angiogenesis. Celecoxib and octreotide exerted their anti-angiogenesis effect via an axis of cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2/EP-2/somatostatin receptor-2, which consequently down-regulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)–hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) integrated signaling pathways. In conclusions, combination of celecoxib and octreotide synergistically ameliorated liver fibrosis and portal hypertension of the cirrhotic rats induced by TAA via the inhibition of intrahepatic and extrahepatic angiogenesis. The potential mechanisms behind the regimen may due to the inactivation of p-ERK–HIF-1α–VEGF signaling pathway.
Evaluating ship superstructure aerodynamics for maritime helicopter operations through CFD and flight simulation
Authors: Forrest J.S. , Kaaria C.H. , Owen I.
Published: July 2016

The unsteady air flow over and around the helicopter landing deck of a naval vessel is known to cause high pilot workload and to limit the helicopter's operational envelope for launch and recovery. Previous research has suggested that modifications to the ship's hangar edges can beneficially modify the flow over the deck. This paper examines the effectiveness of five hangar-edge modifications using computational fluid dynamics–generated airwakes and flight mechanics modelling, as well as piloted flight trials in a motion-base simulator. Results are presented, in terms of unsteady helicopter loads and pilot workload ratings, for modifications to the windward vertical rear edge of the hangar and with an oblique wind. The results demonstrate that while the airwake can be altered by superstructure modifications, the integrated effect of the altered airwake on the entire helicopter does not necessarily give the desired result; indeed of the five modifications tested, two were seen to be beneficial while three caused an increase in pilot workload compared with the unmodified hangar. Overall, the paper shows that the airwake can be modified by superstructure design changes, and that the effect on the helicopter can be measured through modelling and simulation. It is also demonstrated that making judgements on the severity of the airwake based on the aerodynamic flow field alone can be misleading. The benefit of these simulation tools is that they can be used during the ship design process to evaluate the effect of the superstructure aerodynamics, rather than wait until after the ship is built.
Preliminary Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Hoiles Kimberley J. , Kane Robert T. , Watson Hunna J. , Rees Clare S. , Egan Sarah J.
Published: July 2016

Perfectionism is a risk and maintaining factor across psychopathology and has been proposed to be a transdiagnostic process. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) in 32 adults (75% female, M age = 35.54 years, SD = 9.71) with a range of psychological disorders, presenting for treatment of clinical perfectionism. There was evidence that the CPQ was correlated with established measures of perfectionism and theoretically related constructs including self-criticism and dichotomous thinking. The CPQ was also able to predict treatment outcome. The internal consistency was not adequate in the current study; however, the sample size was small. Future studies should examine the psychometric properties of the CPQ in a larger sample of individuals with a range of psychological disorders.
The Corporate Social Performance of Developing Country Multinationals
Authors: Zyglidopoulos Stelios , Williamson Peter , Symeou Pavlos
Published: July 2016

In this article, we explore the Corporate Social Performance (CSP) of Developing Country Multinationals (DMNCs). We argue that in competing internationally, DMNCs often face both reputation and legitimacy deficits, which they address by improving their CSP. We develop a series of hypotheses to explain the variation in CSP between DMNCs and domestic-only firms from developing countries and also examine variations in CSP between DMNCs depending on the extent of their multinationality and portfolio of host countries. Our findings support all our hypotheses, which suggest that DMNCs display enhanced levels of CSP compared to their domestic-only counterparts. CSP is also found to be positively related to the DMNCs’ degree of multinationality, but with a declining incremental impact, whereas entry into developed markets leads to a greater improvement in DMNCs’ CSP than expansion into developing markets. We highlight the implications of our findings for managers and researchers.
OPEN QUESTIONS ABOUT RAMSEY-TYPE STATEMENTS IN REVERSE MATHEMATICS
Authors: PATEY LUDOVIC
Published: July 2016

Ramsey’s theorem states that for any coloring of then-element subsets of ℕ with finitely many colors, there is an infinite setHsuch that alln-element subsets ofHhave the same color. The strength of consequences of Ramsey’s theorem has been extensively studied in reverse mathematics and under various reducibilities, namely, computable reducibility and uniform reducibility. Our understanding of the combinatorics of Ramsey’s theorem and its consequences has been greatly improved over the past decades. In this paper, we state some questions which naturally arose during this study. The inability to answer those questions reveals some gaps in our understanding of the combinatorics of Ramsey’s theorem.
LATTICE-ORDERED ABELIAN GROUPS AND PERFECT MV-ALGEBRAS: A TOPOS-THEORETIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: CARAMELLO OLIVIA , RUSSO ANNA CARLA
Published: July 2016

We establish, generalizing Di Nola and Lettieri’s categorical equivalence, a Morita-equivalence between the theory of lattice-ordered abelian groups and that of perfect MV-algebras. Further, after observing that the two theories are not bi-interpretable in the classical sense, we identify, by considering appropriate topos-theoretic invariants on their common classifying topos, three levels of bi-interpretability holding for particular classes of formulas: irreducible formulas, geometric sentences, and imaginaries. Lastly, by investigating the classifying topos of the theory of perfect MV-algebras, we obtain various results on its syntax and semantics also in relation to the cartesian theory of the variety generated by Chang’s MV-algebra, including a concrete representation for the finitely presentable models of the latter theory as finite products of finitely presentable perfect MV-algebras. Among the results established on the way, we mention a Morita-equivalence between the theory of lattice-ordered abelian groups and that of cancellative lattice-ordered abelian monoids with bottom element.
Beyond the Rope
Authors: Hill Karlos K.
Published: July 2016

Beyond the Rope is an interdisciplinary study that draws on narrative theory and cultural studies methodologies to trace African Americans' changing attitudes and relationships to lynching over the twentieth century. Whereas African Americans are typically framed as victims of white lynch mob violence in both scholarly and public discourses, Karlos K. Hill reveals that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries African Americans lynched other African Americans in response to alleged criminality, and that twentieth-century black writers envisaged African American lynch victims as exemplars of heroic manhood. By illuminating the submerged histories of black vigilantism and consolidating narratives of lynching in African American literature that framed black victims of white lynch mob violence as heroic, Hill argues that rather than being static and one dimensional, African American attitudes towards lynching and the lynched black evolved in response to changing social and political contexts.
Auxiliary Polynomials in Number Theory
Authors: Masser David
Published: July 2016

This unified account of various aspects of a powerful classical method, easy to understand in its simplest forms, is illustrated by applications in several areas of number theory. As well as including diophantine approximation and transcendence, which were mainly responsible for its invention, the author places the method in a broader context by exploring its application in other areas, such as exponential sums and counting problems in both finite fields and the field of rationals. Throughout the book, the method is explained in a 'molecular' fashion, where key ideas are introduced independently. Each application is the most elementary significant example of its kind and appears with detailed references to subsequent developments, making it accessible to advanced undergraduates as well as postgraduate students in number theory or related areas. It provides over 700 exercises both guiding and challenging, while the broad array of applications should interest professionals in fields from number theory to algebraic geometry.
Microgrids and other Local Area Power and Energy Systems
Authors: Kwasinski Alexis , Weaver Wayne , Balog Robert S.
Published: July 2016

Describing the formation, integration, planning, composition and operation of microgrids, this book explains how local power systems can address limitations in conventional electric power grids and provides insights into the practical implementation needs and outcomes of microgrid technology. All aspects of microgrid design and applications are covered, including the main technologies involved in microgrids and other local area power and energy systems. The reliability and economic characteristics of microgrid system architecture, energy storage and grid interaction are explored in depth. Over 300 illustrations and real-world application examples make this a fully self-contained resource, ideal for graduate students and professionals in electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering and materials science.
Subsurface Fluid Flow and Imaging
Authors: Vasco Donald Wyman , Datta-Gupta Akhil
Published: July 2016

This book introduces methodologies for subsurface imaging based upon asymptotic and trajectory-based methods for modeling fluid flow, transport and deformation. It describes trajectory-based imaging from its mathematical formulation, through the construction and solution of the imaging equations, to the assessment of the accuracy and resolution associated with the image. Unique in its approach, it provides a unified framework for the complete spectrum of physical phenomena from wave-like hyperbolic problems to diffusive parabolic problems and non-linear problems of mixed character. The practical aspects of imaging, particularly efficient and robust methods for updating high resolution geologic models using fluid flow, transport and geophysical data, are emphasized throughout the book. Complete with online software applications and examples that enable readers to gain hands-on experience, this volume is an invaluable resource for graduate-level courses, as well as for academic researchers and industry practitioners in the fields of geoscience, hydrology, and petroleum and environmental engineering.
Benefaction and Rewards in the Ancient Greek City
Authors: Domingo Gygax Marc
Published: July 2016

This volume presents for the first time an in-depth analysis of the origins of Greek euergetism. Derived from the Greek for 'benefactor', 'euergetism' refers to the process whereby citizens and foreigners offered voluntary services and donations to the polis that were in turn recognised as benefactions in a formal act of reciprocation. Euergetism is key to our understanding of how city-states negotiated both the internal tensions between mass and elite, and their conflicts with external powers. This study adopts the standpoint of historical anthropology and seeks to identify patterns of behaviour and social practices deeply rooted in Greek society and in the long course of Greek history. It covers more than five hundred years and will appeal to ancient historians and scholars in other fields interested in gift exchange, benefactions, philanthropy, power relationships between mass and elite, and the interplay between public discourse and social praxis.
Particle Physics of Brane Worlds and Extra Dimensions
Authors: Raychaudhuri Sreerup , Sridhar K.
Published: July 2016

The possibility that we live in a higher-dimensional world with spatial dimensions greater than three started with the early work of Kaluza and Klein. However, in addressing experimental constraints, early model-builders were forced to compactify these extra dimensions to very tiny scales. With the development of brane-world scenarios it became possible to consider novel compactifications which allow the extra dimensions to be large or to provide observable effects of these dimensions at experimentally accessible energy scales. This book provides a comprehensive account of these recent developments, keeping the high-energy physics implications in focus. After an historical survey of the idea of extra dimensions, the book deals in detail with models of large extra dimensions, warped extra dimensions and other models such as universal extra dimensions. The theoretical and phenomenological implications are discussed in a pedagogical manner for both researchers and graduate students.
The Architecture of the Roman Triumph
Authors: Popkin Maggie L.
Published: July 2016

This book offers the first critical study of the architecture of the Roman triumph, ancient Rome's most important victory ritual. Through case studies ranging from the republican to imperial periods, it demonstrates how powerfully monuments shaped how Romans performed, experienced, and remembered triumphs and, consequently, how Romans conceived of an urban identity for their city. Monuments highlighted Roman conquests of foreign peoples, enabled Romans to envision future triumphs, made triumphs more memorable through emotional arousal of spectators, and even generated distorted memories of triumphs that might never have occurred. This book illustrates the far-reaching impact of the architecture of the triumph on how Romans thought about this ritual and, ultimately, their own place within the Mediterranean world. In doing so, it offers a new model for historicizing the interrelations between monuments, individual and shared memory, and collective identities.
The Information Nexus
Authors: Marks Steven
Published: July 2016

Capitalism is central to our understanding of contemporary economic and political life and yet what does it really mean? If, as has now been shown to be the case, capital and property rights existed in pre-modern and pre-capitalist societies, what is left of our understanding of capitalism? Steven Marks' provocative new book calls into question everything we thought we knew about capitalism, from the word's very origins and development to the drivers of Western economic growth. Ranging from the Middle Ages to the present, The Information Nexus reveals that the truly distinctive feature of capitalism is business's drive to acquire and analyze information, supported by governments that allow unfettered access to public data. This new interpretation of capitalism helps to explain the rise of the West, puts our current information age into historical perspective, and provides a benchmark for the comparative assessment of economic systems in today's globalized environment.
Roman Artisans and the Urban Economy
Authors: Hawkins Cameron
Published: July 2016

This book offers the first comprehensive study of economic conditions and economic life in Roman cities during the late Republic and early Empire. By employing a sophisticated methodology based upon comparative evidence and contemporary economic theory, the author develops interlocking arguments about the relationship between four key attributes of urban economic life in Roman antiquity: the nature and magnitude of consumer demand; the structure of urban labour markets; the strategies devised by urban artisans in their efforts to navigate their social and economic environments; and the factors that served to limit both the overall performance of the Roman economy, and its potential for intensive growth. While the author's methodology and conclusions will be of particular interest to specialists in economic history, other readers will profit from his discussion of topics such as slavery and manumission, the economic significance of professional associations, and the impact of gender on economic behaviour.
Death in Beijing
Authors: Asen Daniel
Published: July 2016

In this innovative and engaging history of homicide investigation in Republican Beijing, Daniel Asen explores the transformation of ideas about death in China in the first half of the twentieth century. In this period, those who died violently or under suspicious circumstances constituted a particularly important population of the dead, subject to new claims by police, legal and medical professionals, and a newspaper industry intent on covering urban fatality in sensational detail. Asen examines the process through which imperial China's old tradition of forensic science came to serve the needs of a changing state and society under these dramatically new circumstances. This is a story of the unexpected outcomes and contingencies of modernity, presenting new perspectives on China's transition from empire to modern nation state, competing visions of science and expertise, and the ways in which the meanings of death and dead bodies changed amid China's modern transformation.
Kant's Analytic
Authors: Bennett Jonathan
Published: July 2016

This engaging and instructive analysis of the first half of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason continues to be valuable to both practiced Kant scholars and newcomers. Jonathan Bennett examines the arguments and themes of Kant's work in relation to those of the works of philosophers old and new, including Locke, Leibniz, Berkeley, Hume, Wittgenstein, Ryle, Ayler, Quine, Warnock, and others. Presented in a fresh twenty-first-century series livery, and including a specially commissioned preface written by James Van Cleve, illuminating its continuing importance and relevance to philosophical enquiry, this influential work is available for a new generation of readers.
Kant's Dialectic
Authors: Bennett Jonathan
Published: July 2016

Jonathan Bennett's analysis of the second half of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, in which Kant concerns himself with topics such as substance, the nature of the self, the cosmos, freedom and the existence of God, continues to be an engaging and accessible exploration of Kant's major work. Presented in a fresh twenty-first-century series livery, and including a specially commissioned preface written by Karl Ameriks, illuminating its enduring importance and relevance to philosophical enquiry, this influential work has been revived for a new generation of readers.
On the Nature and Existence of God
Authors: Gale Richard M.
Published: July 2016

First published in 1991, Richard M. Gale's classic book is a response to and critique of new, contemporary arguments for the existence of God from analytical philosophers. Considering concepts including time, free will, personhood, actuality and the objectivity of experience, Gale evaluates the new versions of cosmological, ontological, pragmatic and religious experience arguments that emerged in the late-twentieth century. Presented in a fresh twenty-first-century series livery, and including a specially commissioned preface written by Paul K. Moser, illuminating its enduring importance and relevance to philosophical enquiry, this influential work has been revived for a new generation of readers.
Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World
Authors: Strong Anise K.
Published: July 2016

Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World is the first substantial account of elite Roman concubines and courtesans. Exploring the blurred line between proper matron and wicked prostitute, it illuminates the lives of sexually promiscuous women like Messalina and Clodia, as well as prostitutes with hearts of gold who saved Rome and their lovers in times of crisis. It also offers insights into the multiple functions of erotic imagery and the circumstances in which prostitutes could play prominent roles in Roman public and religious life. Tracing the evolution of social stereotypes and concepts of virtue and vice in ancient Rome, this volume reveals the range of life choices and sexual activity, beyond the traditional binary depiction of wives or prostitutes, that were available to Roman women.
Roman Power
Authors: Harris William V.
Published: July 2016

The Roman Empire was one of the largest and most enduring in world history. In his new book, distinguished historian William V. Harris sets out to explain, within an eclectic theoretical framework, the waxing and eventual waning of Roman imperial power, together with the Roman community's internal power structures (political power, social power, gender power and economic power). Effectively integrating analysis with a compelling narrative, he traces this linkage between the external and the internal through three very long periods, and part of the originality of the book is that it almost uniquely considers both the gradual rise of the Roman Empire and its demise as an empire in the fifth and seventh centuries AD. Professor Harris contends that comparing the Romans of these diverse periods sharply illuminates both the growth and the shrinkage of Roman power as well as the Empire's extraordinary durability.
Commanding Military Power
Authors: Grauer Ryan
Published: July 2016

Commanding Military Power offers a new explanation of why some armed forces are stronger than others. Ryan Grauer advances a 'command structure theory' which combines insights from organization theory, international relations, and security studies literatures to provide a unique perspective on military power. Specifically, armed forces organized to facilitate swift and accurate perception of and response to battlefield developments will cope better with war's inherent uncertainty, use resources effectively, and, quite often, win. Case studies of battles from the Russo-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War and Korean War, based on new archival research, underscore the argument, showing that even smaller and materially weaker militaries can fight effectively against and defeat larger and better endowed adversaries when they are organizationally prepared to manage uncertainty. That organization often matters more than numbers and specific tools of war has crucial implications for both contemporary and future thinking about and efforts to improve martial strength.
An Investigation of Lifting Effects on the Intensity of Sonic Booms
Authors: Morris John
Published: July 2016

This paper is a brief summary of an investigation made to check the effect of lift on the shock noise of aircraft flying at supersonic speeds. The method of Hayes has been combined with the theory of Whitham to predict the asymptotic shock strength of wings carrying lift and of combinations of bodies and lifting wings. (A similar, but not quite as general, method was derived by Walkden in Ref. 6.) Whitham's formula, including only the volume term, has been used extensively to predict the boom intensity of aeroplane type bodies and the agreement with experiment has, so far, been quite reasonable. The test data obtained to date extends only up to about 40,000 ft. altitude and the calculations of this paper show that under those conditions the shock noise of the aircraft tested so far will, in most cases, be dominated by the volume term. It is shown that at higher altitudes lifting effects will dominate for even the small fighter and they will dominate over most of the altitude range for large bomber and supersonic transport aircraft. The boom intensity due to lift decreases with altitude as h–¾ which compares to pa½ h–¾ in the volume case (pa = pressure at altitude h). It is insensitive to Mach number (for M > 1·4), wing loading, wing plan shape and lift distribution. A simple rule for calculating the shock noise due to combined volume and lifting effects is proposed which is applicable to configurations with wings located towards the rear of the fuselage. The rule states that the shock noise of an aircraft carrying lift is equal to the shock noise due to volume (neglecting lift) or the shock noise due to lift (neglecting volume), whichever is the greater. A chart is presented from which rapid estimates can be made of the shock noise of lifting wing-body combinations.
Inflammability and Electrical Studies of Foams Which may Occur at Altitude by De-Aeration of Aviation Turbine Fuels
Authors: Poulston B. V. , Thomas A.
Published: July 2016

Air dissolves in aircraft fuels to an extent directly proportional to the ambient pressure, so that when fuel which has been stored at sea-level atmospheric pressure is taken up to a high altitude, there is a tendency for air to come out of solution. In certain circumstances, which are later described in detail, air bubbles can be liberated very violently from fuels in aircraft tanks at high altitude and a thick foam can form on the surface for a short time.

The production of fuel foams by degassing has posed a certain problem; foams, being intimate mixtures of air and fuel, may well be inflammable; furthermore, the rising of air bubbles through fuel can result in the accumulation of electrical charge in the foam giving rise to the possibility of a source of ignition.
The Effect of Initial Lateral Tension or Slackness on the Deflection of Long, Thin Plates under Normal Pressure
Authors: Cox H. L. , Dawson D.
Published: July 2016

The Basic Theory of the deflection of long, thin plates under normal pressure is extended to cover the effects of initial lateral tension or slackness in the plate and the effect of deformation of the supports at the edges of the plate under the lateral tension developed. The procedure is illustrated by application to a case of a plate under initial tension with its edges held apart elastically, and the computed values of the strains are compared with values measured experimentally. The application to an initially slack plate is also illustrated by a diagram.
Reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ for trace elements
Authors: Lee Yujin , Park Kyong
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to test the reproducibility and validity of a self-administered FFQ for the Trace Element Study of Korean Adults in the Yeungnam area (SELEN). Study subjects were recruited from the SELEN cohort selected from rural and urban areas in Yeungnam, Korea. A semi-quantitative FFQ with 146 items was developed considering the dietary characteristics of cohorts in the study area. In a validation study, seventeen men and forty-eight women aged 38–62 years completed 3-d dietary records (DR) and two FFQ over a 3-month period. The validity was examined with the FFQ and DR, and the reproducibility was estimated using partial correlation coefficients, the Bland–Altman method and cross-classification. There were no significant differences between the mean intakes of selected nutrients as estimated from FFQ1, FFQ2 and DR. The median correlation coefficients for all nutrients were 0·47 and 0·56 in the reproducibility and validity tests, respectively. Bland–Altman’s index and cross-classification showed acceptable agreement between FFQ1 and FFQ2 and between FFQ2 and DR. Ultimately, 78 % of the subjects were classified into the same and adjacent quartiles for most nutrients. In addition, the weighted κ value indicated that the two methods agreed fairly. In conclusion, this newly developed FFQ was a suitable dietary assessment method for the SELEN cohort study.
Oviposition site selection and survival of susceptible and resistant larvae ofHelicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt and non-Bt cotton
Authors: Luong T.T.A. , Downes S.J. , Cribb B. , Perkins L.E. , Zalucki M.P.
Published: July 2016

In Australia Bt cotton has been planted since 1996, and has greatly improved the control of its key targetHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner). There is no strong evidence that genetically modified cotton has been selected for significant physiological resistance to Bt toxin in field populations. There are many possible explanations for the lack of apparent selection that range from high compliance with the resistance management strategy for this technology to a lack of behavioral preference in key traits such as oviposition that could favor survival. To date most experiments that test oviposition ofH. armigeraon Bt cotton vs. conventional cotton have been done with susceptible moths. We determine the oviposition preference of a field isolated Bt resistant line ofH. armigeraand a susceptible counterpart when given a choice of non-Bt cotton and Bt-cotton with the same genetic background, and test whether there is any relationship between oviposition site selection (different plant structures) and the survival of the first instar larvae. Within cotton plants, our experiments consistently showed that both resistant and susceptible moths did not choose plants or plant parts that were less toxic in terms of Bt toxin on which to lay eggs. There was one exception in that susceptible moths were more likely to lay eggs on squares of Bt cotton plants than squares of non-Bt cotton. As expected, the mortality of susceptibleH. armigeraneonates was significantly higher on structures of Bt cotton plants than on those structures of conventional cotton, and survival was greater on flowers than on other structures of Bt cotton. This confirms opportunities for selection for resistance, and demonstrates no advantage in this respect to carrying resistance genes that might overcome the Bt toxins.
SHORN-OFF COMPLICITY
Authors: Dyson Matthew
Published: July 2016

CRIMINAL complicity has been dramatically changed by the combined decisions of the UK Supreme Court and the Privy Council in Jogee; Ruddock [2016] UKSC 8; [2016] UKPC 7; [2016] 2 W.L.R. 681. At least since the Accessories and Abettors Act 1861, it has been settled that a person (S) who has intentionally assisted or encouraged another (P) to commit a crime has been liable to be tried, convicted, and punished as if S was a principal. For decades, there has also been a much-debated, additional form of complicity where the accomplice was “parasitically” liable for further crimes committed by P beyond the scope of a common criminal purpose shared by S and P. For that kind of liability, the accomplice need not have assisted or encouraged the further crime but need only have foreseen that it was a possible incident of the common purpose. The effect of Jogee and Ruddock is that this further form of complicity, first recognised explicitly in the Privy Council decision of Chan Wing-Siu [1985] A.C. 168 and later endorsed by the House of Lords in Powell; English [1999] 1 A.C. 1, has been shorn off the criminal law. As a result, Chan Wing-Siu directions will no longer be given to juries.