bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1α) as a Potential Target for Hypoxic Therapy in COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Wulandari Endah , Hapsari Rr Ayu , Tjakradidjaja Francisca A. , Alfiah Alfiah , Suri Auliyani Andam
Published: May 2024

Background:

The cellular response to hypoxia is characterized by the stabilization of the
HIF-1α protein, which will form a transcription factor that activates genes for low oxygen adaptation.
Positive cases of COVID-19 are often characterized by hypoxia, especially in patients with
comorbidities. This hypoxic condition will mediate drug resistance or weaken the patient's condition,
resulting in lengthening treatment time and even causing death. This study aims to analyze the cellular
expression of the HIF-1α gene in patients confirmed positive for COVID-19 with the alpha, beta,
delta, and omicron variants.

Methods:

The research design used was observational, with parameters measuring HIF-1 mRNA
expression (RT-PCR, protein (ELISA), and its correlation. The samples used were nose-throat swabs
from COVID-19 patients.

Results:

The expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels produced in variants of COVID-19
patients was compared with controls (times; ng/mL): alpha (0.53; 18.08), beta (0.92; 19.98), delta
(0.65; 25.83), and omicron (0.73; 19.85) (Kruskal-Wallis test, p <0.01). The correlation between
mRNA expression of HIF-1α and HIF-1α proteins was found to be significantly negative (Pearson
Correlation test R = -0.589).

Conclusion:

In this study, it was found that a decrease in HIF-1α mRNA expression (the result of
transcription) increased the levels of HIF-1α protein (the result of translation) and stable HIF-1α
expression. Moreover, cellular hypoxia occurred in patients with confirmed positive for COVID-19,
with the alpha, beta, delta, and omicron variants. This study can be used as a basis for therapy to
control viruses that cause hypoxia in the future.

result:

The expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels produced in variants of COVID-19 patients compared with controls (times; ng/mL): alpha (0.53; 18.08), beta (0.92; 19.98), delta (0.65 ; 25.83), omicron (0.73; 19.85) (Kruskal Wallis test, p <0.01); The correlation between mRNA expression of HIF-1α and HIF-1α proteins obtained strong negative results (Pearson Correlation test R = -0.589 ).
Efectos de la exclusión de ganado en el reclutamiento del cardón (Pachycereus pringlei, Cactaceae) en el sur de la península de Baja California, México
Authors: P. Garcillán Pedro , Silva-Bejarano Christian
Published: May 2024

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El cardón (Pachycereus pringlei) es una cactácea columnar emblemática del Desierto Sonorense, región donde desde hace siglos la ganadería de libre pastoreo ha estado presente, tanto en la península de Baja California como en Sonora. Sin embargo, se desconoce el efecto que pueda tener en la dinámica poblacional del cardón. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si la exclusión al ganado por casi tres décadas tuvo algún efecto observable en la probabilidad de reclutamiento del cardón y en la relación de los nuevos reclutas con dos leguminosas nodrizas (Olneya tesota y Prosopis articulata).
Métodos: Se registró la presencia y tamaño de cardones y de las dos leguminosas nodrizas en transectos. Estos distribuidos en dos condiciones, con ganado y exclusión de 27 años, en parcelas establecidas en un matorral árido del sur de la península de Baja California, México. Se analizó si existen diferencias entre ambas condiciones en (i) la probabilidad de reclutamiento del cardón y (ii) la asociación de los nuevos reclutas con las leguminosas nodrizas.
Resultados clave: No se encontraron diferencias en la probabilidad de reclutamiento entre área con ganado y exclusión de ganado. Sin embargo, sí se observaron diferencias en la asociación de los cardones reclutados y las leguminosas nodrizas, siendo positiva en sitios con ganado y ausente en sitios con exclusión del mismo.
Conclusiones: La falta de diferencias en la probabilidad de reclutamiento entre condiciones podría deberse a la influencia de procesos que actúan a escalas espacio-temporales mayores que las de nuestro estudio. Por ejemplo, la escala temporal, potencialmente multidecenal, de los pulsos de reclutamiento del cardón o la escala espacial de los rangos de actividad de polinizadores, dispersores y consumidores de semillas. Nuestros resultados subrayan la importancia de la escala espacio-temporal en el estudio de la dinámica de especies longevas en regiones áridas.
Exploring New Models for Implementing Sustainable Integrated Health Access for People in Vulnerable Positions: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Multiple Case Study
Authors: Mejsner Sofie Buch , Aslaug Jane , Bech Mickael , Burau Viola , Mark Dorte , Vixø Kathrine , Westergaard Caroline Louise , Fehsenfeld Michael
Published: May 2024

Background

Health care is a strongly universal right across European welfare states; however, social inequalities in health persist. This literature argues that health care organization is an important but overlooked determinant of social inequalities in health, as health systems buffer or amplify structural and individual health determinants. The Client-Centered Coordination Platform (3CP) model offers integrated health access to people with severe mental illness, through core groups of professionals from across health and social services.

Objective

This study focuses on vulnerable people with severe mental health problems and aims to analyze how the model can give people with severe mental illness more integrated access to health and social care. This can form a stepping-stone for the upscaling of the 3CP model.

Methods

We conduct a 5-year multiple case study of 3 municipalities in Denmark, where 3CP is being implemented. In a 1-year pilot study, we expect to gather quantitative registry data from the municipalities and the Central Denmark Region to explore the characteristics of people included in 3CP. We will also collect qualitative data, including 21 hours of observations; 36 interviews with users, professionals, and managers; and 3 focus groups across the 3 municipalities. In a subsequent, 4-year qualitative study, we aim to conduct 120 hours of observations, 120 interviews, and 24 focus groups. In parallel with the qualitative study, we will facilitate a cocreation process to develop tools for sustaining integrated health access.

Results

As of January 2024, we have completed the individual interviews with users of 3CP and professionals and the focus groups. Individual interviews of managers will be conducted during the 1st quarter of 2024. The quantitative data are being collected.

Conclusions

Inequality is one of the greatest challenges that European societies face. Understanding new and innovative approaches to integrated care may provide valuable solutions to the challenges posed. Especially understanding and designing health and social care systems that meet the needs and abilities of those users requiring them most, is vitally important to tackle inequality.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/56197
Use and acceptance of innovative digital health solutions among patients and professionals - a survey-based distinction. (Preprint)
Authors: Seidl Fritz , Hinterwimmer Florian , Vogt Ferdinand , Edenharter Günther M. , Braun Karl F. , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger ,   AG Digitalisierung der DGOU, Biberthaler Peter , Pförringer Dominik
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital solutions are gaining increasing importance and present a challenge regarding the introduction and acceptance into professional medical environments. Significant advances have been made regarding availability, safety, and ease of use of data generated by a multitude of devices and wearables. However, data security and data protection are delaying factors. The underlying analysis focuses on the use, acceptance of digital solutions and their respective differences between healthcare professionals and patients.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines the current use and acceptance of digital solutions among healthcare professionals and patients. In addition, it derives an outlook to future developments and expectations in the setting of innovative technologies able to penetrate the health market.

METHODS

An anonymous online survey of 23 multiple-choice and 3 open-text questions was conducted among medical professionals and patients between April and September 2023. In this study, quantitative analysis was performed using Python, with Pandas for data processing and Matplotlib for visualization. Chi-square tests were used to analyze binary categorical data, while Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate ordinal data. Additionally, a qualitative analysis was conducted to summarize the results of the open-ended questions.

RESULTS

During 178 days, the survey garnered 2,058 clicks, resulting in 1,389 participants (67.5% response rate). A total of 1,002 participants completed the entire questionnaire, while 387 (27.9%) did not finish. Incomplete responses were excluded from the comprehensive analysis. The sample comprised 271 physicians (27%) and 731 patients (73%). The study found significant agreement between both groups in adopting and foreseeing the use of digital health tools and telemedicine. Both groups recognized the future importance of digital health without substantial differences.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, attitudes towards digital health and telemedicine were consistent, reflecting a uniform acceptance and expectation of these technologies among healthcare professionals and patients. The consensus on telemedicine's future role over the next five years indicates a unified vision for digital health paradigms.
The use of scientific evidence by young in social media interactions to overcome health disinformation in their daily lives, Social Media Analytics on Reddit (Preprint)
Authors: Soler-Gallart Marta , Pulido Cristina M. , Bellavista Joan , Ramis Mimar
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Social media can facilitate fast access to health information. However, research has found that online social media conversations can promote preventive or risky behaviour regarding young people's health. One of the current concerns is how health disinformation can affect vulnerable youth who interact with false or non-accurate information that negatively impacts their health self-management.

OBJECTIVE

This research aims to identify the types of social media interactions that are most effective in promoting youth engagement with information based on scientific evidence. The study also seeks to understand how these interactions contribute to mitigating health disinformation, a pressing issue in the digital age.

METHODS

The research method used is social media analytics. A dataset of 1714 messages from Reddit was analysed to identify what type of interactions promote overcoming health disinformation among youth through a detailed analysis of interactions under communicative content analysis.

RESULTS

The results indicate that young people are more engaged with interactions based on scientific evidence, contributing to overcoming health disinformation spread even in their own families, especially on vaccine hoaxes related to COVID-19. In the sample selected and analysed, there were more positive reactions to scientific evidence that supports the message of the young people who opened the conversation (18%) than negative ones (2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Young individuals are not just consumers of information but are actively utilising scientific evidence in their day-to-day social media interactions, serving as a linchpin for promoting evidence-based practices in their daily lives. It is of utmost importance for public health authorities to recognize that these interactions, shared through social media, are crucial. They can promote the debunking of hoaxes, encourage engagement with information based on scientific evidence, and help foster healthy behaviour among at-risk youth.

CLINICALTRIAL

None
Fashion Skena: Kontestasi Tampilan Kaum Muda di Coffee Shop Jember
Authors: Ramadhani Dhimas Enggar , Rosa Dien Vidia
Published: May 2024

Saat ini konten media sosial di Indonesia kerap menampilkan dan membahas tentang fashion bernama Skena di Indonesia. Fashion tersebut dengan cepat menjadi viral dan sering diidentikkan dengan tren fashion dan gaya hidup, terutama di kalangan anak muda. Fashion sendiri sudah menjadi bagian yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari penampilan dan gaya seseorang sehari-hari, apalagi dalam kehidupan generasi muda saat ini. Anak muda yang mengikuti tren ini hadir dengan ciri khas tertentu, seperti mengenakan pakaian branded, aksesoris mencolok, gaya rambut unik, dan sering ke coffee shop setiap hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memaknai tampilan anak muda di coffee shop sebagai kontestasi tren fashion masa kini. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif Pierre Bourdieu (Bourdieu 2018) tentang selera dan kelas sosial untuk memahami praktik sosial dan kontestasi kancah fashion yang muncul di coffee shop. Metode strukturalisme generatif diterapkan dengan melihat sejarah dan perkembangan dunia fashion di kalangan pemuda Jember melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa munculnya selera merupakan salah satu penentu fungsi sosial yang Membangkitkan struktur kelas. Generasi muda dengan kelas sosial yang tinggi akan mengembangkan dan mempertahankan kebiasaan dan selera yang tinggi serta menentukan produk apa yang akan mereka konsumsi. Selera merupakan bagian dari keberadaan kelas sosial yang tercipta dalam masyarakat, yang khususnya terlihat dalam fenomena dunia fashion.
The Social Technology of the Book Publishing in Modern Chinese Libraries: Taking the Laws and Regulations at That Time as an Example
Authors: Xirong Wang , Tongxin Yi Yu
Published: May 2024

The book publishing of modern Chinese libraries is a Socio-Technical Interaction Network (STIN), which, together with other STIN, forms a larger STIN. On the basis of describing the laws and regulations related to libraries and publishing in modern China, this paper constructs and analyzes the STIN of book publishing in modern Chinese libraries, and point out that these laws and regulations are a kind of “social technology”, that is, the social elements of this network; it, along with other social elements and various natural technological elements, constitutes the “broad technology” of book publishing in modern Chinese libraries.
Design of Two-Wheeler Hybrid Electric Vehicle using MATLAB-Simulink
Authors: Gath Prof. Sandip P.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: With the rising gap between the supply and demand of oil and the market monopoly of the countries with oil reserves, the world has turned its back on traditional fuels. Not to mention the everyday rising pollution. The work and advancement in electric vehicles are reaching their peak every day and new inventions are being made in this sector, just like the mega-market players and industries. A lot of research is concentrated on the four-wheelers nevertheless, two- wheelers are a major part of transportation in the world and as compared to the four-wheelers two-wheelers don’t find the same spotlight. Our project highlighted this problem and created the simulation model of a two-wheeler hybrid electric vehicle which is a series-parallel hybrid. This simulation is constructed using MATLAB-Simulink software. This is a simulation model of a two- wheeler hybrid electric vehicle which uses a DC source (Battery) as a power source accompanied by the IC Engine. This system can shift load between the battery and IC engine so that power output can be constant, and the system can run smoothly. A DCDC bidirectional chopper is used to convert power between battery and generator which increases the efficiency of the system. In a proposed system a two-wheeler is taken into consideration with an IC engine of rpm of 2000 (for reference) is taken into consideration for simulation.
Analysis and Design of Sequencing Batch Reactor Basin for Sewage Treatment Plant by using Autocad
Authors: Gabel Jaishankar , Pandey Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

bstract: The objectives of this project are to review and evaluate sewage treatment technologies and propose a method to improve or select appropriate technology. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a part of the secondary treatment process of sewage treatment. It is fill and draw-type of activated sludge system involving a single complicated mix reactor where all steps of an activated sludge process take place. The objectives of this project are to review and evaluate sewage treatment technologies and propose a method to improve or select appropriate technology. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a part of the secondary treatment process of sewage treatment. It is fill and draw-type of activated sludge system involving a single complicated mix reactor where all steps of an activated sludge process take place.
Literature Review on Fabrication of Quad Cycle for Handicapped Person
Authors: Ingle Dr. A. H.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In our daily life, we have seen various types of tri-cycles and tri-wheeled vehicles used by the disabled peoples for their locomotion from one place to another. There are several newly developed tri-wheeled vehicles for physically challenged people, which will be operated by manual, electrical and motorized modes. The most commonly used handicapped wheelchair are driven by the manual mode of operation by the use of pedal, but this vehicle provides discomfort to the handicapped persons through weakness in their body and due to their lack of physical fitness in all period of time. Hence, in order to reduce those difficulties various types of moped and modified scooter like vehicles are introduced, which are in the form of semi or fully automated mode of construction and working for their better increase in the comfort for their transportation. This paper overviews the implementation of new conceptual ideas and technologies on handicapped vehicles for the betterment in the preexisting vehicle models for differently abled people and we hope this will be helpful for the further manipulation in developments and provide the guide line for the new innovations in automotive for the physically challenged people.
E-Bicycle for Food Delivery
Authors: Gouda Dr. Shambulingana
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The rise of urban food delivery services has led to an increased demand for efficient and environmentally sustainable transportation methods. This study explores the implementation of sustainable electric bicycles (e-bikes) for food delivery, examining their potential to reduce carbon emissions, traffic congestion, and operational costs. E-bikes, powered by rechargeable batteries, offer a viable alternative to traditional delivery vehicles, particularly in densely populated urban areas. Key factors influencing the adoption of e-bikes include battery life, charging infrastructure, load capacity, and regulatory support. The research also highlights successful case studies from various cities, demonstrating the environmental and economic benefits of integrating e-bikes into delivery fleets. The findings suggest that with proper investment and supportive policies, ebikes can significantly contribute to more sustainable urban logistics, promoting a greener and more efficient food delivery ecosystem.
Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitude of Primary School Teachers on Students with Stuttering In Jharkhand
Authors: Gupta Dr. Vini Abhijith
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The current study aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers towards students with stuttering (SWS) in East Singhbhum district, Jharkhand. A total of 30 teachers within the age range of 26 and 37 were chosen from different private schools. Participants were administered a questionnaire consisting of 18 closed ended questions which focuses on the awareness, knowledge and attitude regarding stuttering in students in primary schools. The result obtained after administration of the questionnaire indicated that the teachers have moderate level of awareness, knowledge and positive attitude towards the SWS.
Novel Approach for Vehicle Accident Tracking using IoT
Authors: Shafiulla Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In recent years, there has been significant interestin integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology into vehicle safety systems to enhance emergency response capabilities and road safety. This paper introduces a comprehensive Vehicle Accident Tracking System (VATS) that utilizes IoT principles. The proposed system incorporates various sensors and communication devices installed within vehicles to monitor theirstatus and detect potential accidents in real-time. When anaccident is detected, the system automatically triggers an alert mechanism, notifying relevant stakeholders such as emergency services and fleet managers. Key components of the VATSinclude accelerometers, GPS modules, and onboard communication units, which work together to provide precise accident geospatial data and vehicle condition data. The systemutilizes cloud-based platforms for data storage and processing, ensuring seamless integration with existing infrastructure and scalability. By continuously monitoring and analyzing vehicle telemetry data, the VATS facilitates proactive accident prevention measures and post-accident analysis. Additionally, it offers benefits such as reduced emergency response times, improved accident documentation for insurance claims, and enhanced overall road safety. Privacy and security concerns areaddressed through encryption protocols and access control mechanisms to protect sensitive information. Overall, the Vehicle Accident Tracking System presented in this paper represents a significant advancement in leveraging IoT technology to mitigate the impact of accidents on roadways, thereby contributing to a safer and more efficient transportation ecosystem.
Meningites infecciosas: aspectos epidemiológicos da doença no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Bertati Leticia Martins , Fonseca Jakeline Miranda , Goldfinger Ana Paula Rezende de Oliveira , Arruda Larissa Domingues Castilho de , Neves Danielle Ahad das , Frias Danila Fernanda Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Meningitis is a global medical emergency that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment due to its high mortality and morbidity rates. Objective: To depict the epidemiology of infectious meningitis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul from 2010 to 2022. Method: For this research, a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative study was conducted using the state of Mato Grosso do Sul as the unit of  analysis. The sample was delimited to the period from 2010 to 2022, and the information was coded and collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), considering the year and month of notification, notification municipality, age, sex, race/color, education, etiology, serogroup, confirmation criteria, and case evolution. Results: During the analyzed period, 2,826 cases of meningitis were reported, with 71.3% confirmed. The most affected individuals were males of mixed race/color and children aged 0 to 9 years. The prevalence in the state was 7.7 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. The majority of meningitis cases (39.7%) were classified as unspecified meningitis and 23.1% as aseptic meningitis. The lethality rate during the study period was 11.3%, with a concentration of deaths at the extremes of age. Conclusions: Although meningitis is a well-known disease, its lethality rate remains high. It is suggested to intensify control and prevention actions in municipalities, combined with demonstrating the importance of notifying the disease to epidemiological surveillance, which will help in organizing more targeted and specific action strategies to combat cases.
The Changing Meanings of Political Terms and Their Reflection in Dictionaries
Authors: Veisbergs Andrejs
Published: May 2024

When observing media texts, one cannot help but notice that some political terms are used with a meaning widely different from that offered by mainstream middle-size dictionaries, which generally stick to the initial, sometimes etymological senses. Corpora analysis confirms the shift in senses and divergence of use. The aim of this paper is to analyse the meaning and use of two terms ubiquitous in the public sphere: fascist/fascism and liberal/liberalism, their original meanings, and subsequent changes in meaning and use. Though the limited space available for defining terms in a general explanatory dictionary makes it extremely difficult to reflect all ideological tinges and meanings, where a frequently used political term seems to have developed stable, different, even opposite meanings, this should be reflected by introducing ideological polysemy in dictionary definitions.
A review of new methods for in situ assessment of the subsurface heat capacity
Authors: Raymond Jasmin , Pambou Claude Hugo Koubikana , Giordano Nicolò , Langevin Hubert , Lamarche Louis , Gosselin Louis
Published: May 2024

Heat storage properties can hardly be determined with conventional thermal response tests. New field methods were therefore developed for in situ assessment of thermal diffusivity and heat capacity. The objective of this paper is to review recently developed field methods that can be conducted in either vertical ground heat exchangers or horizontal trenches. The first method consists of reproducing a vertical temperature profile measured in a ground heat exchanger using an empirical formula. The second method is an oscillatory thermal response test made with water circulation in a ground heat exchanger and producing an oscillatory temperature response whose phase and amplitude are affected by the storage of heat in the material surrounding the heat source. The third method relies on a heating cable installed in a horizontal trench and used to inject heat, again with an oscillatory heat injection rate. These new methods can be used in the scope of ground-coupled heat pump projects where there is a need to evaluate the ground thermal diffusivity or heat capacity, for example, to design underground energy storage systems.
The thermal power budget approach to estimate the geothermal potential of closed mines
Authors: Comeau Félix-Antoine , Lacombe Samuel , David Dan , Arsenault Thierry , Raymond Jasmin
Published: May 2024

Over the past 5 years, research at the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) in QuÃ©bec City has focused on the concept of thermal power budget to evaluate the geothermal potential of abandoned and flooded mines. The objective of this paper is to describe this new resource assessment concept and show how it was applied to a variety of mine sites, both open pit and underground, at the early stage of geothermal development. This considers not only the volume of water in the mine, as well as initial and final temperatures, but also the volume of rock involved in heat exchange and water inputs, such as precipitation and groundwater. The gigantic open-pit mines in the Thetford Mines area contain geothermal resources with promising potential for cooling data centres. Studies have also been carried out in Yellowknife (Northwest Territories) to assess the amount of thermal energy that could be produced from a world-scale underground mine integrating geothermal heat pumps.
Thermal resistance of a CO2 geothermal thermosyphon with an active condenser
Authors: Badache Messaoud
Published: May 2024

In this study, an experimental setup was built and fully instrumented to investigate the thermal resistance of a CO2 geothermal thermosyphon (GT) with an active condenser connected to its upper section. The study explores the effects of CO2 filling ratios, cooling fluid flow rate and temperature on the thermal resistance in different zones of the experimental GT system. The results show that the total thermal resistance of the GT stands out, displaying a notably higher value, up to 12 times that of the active condenser. Furthermore, the thermal resistance of the active condenser is higher than those of the evaporator and condenser sections, being up to 3 and 7 times higher, respectively. Therefore, reducing the thermal resistance of the active condenser and between the evaporator wall and the ground represents the most effective approach to enhance the performance of the GT system. These findings offer valuable insights for the efficient design of GT systems with active condensers, identifying areas where improvements can be made to maximize GT performance.
Soil Moisture Cloud Precipitation Feedback in the Lower Atmosphere from Functional Decomposition of Satellite Observations
Authors: Gao Yifu , Guilloteau Clement , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi , xu chonggang , Sun Xiaoming , Vrugt Jasper A.
Published: May 2024

The feedback of topsoil moisture (SM) content on convective clouds and
precipitation is not well understood and represented in the current
generation of coupled cloud physics and land-surface models. Here, we
use functional decomposition of satellite-derived SM (SMAP/L4) and cloud
vertical profiles (CVP: GPM/DPR/L2A) in the central US to quantify the
relationship between SM and the vertical distribution of cloud water.
High-dimensional model representation disentangles the contributions of
SM and other land-surface and atmospheric variables to the CVP. Results
show the sign and strength of this feedback varies with cloud height and
time lag and displays a large spatial variability. Positive anomalies in
the antecedent 7-hour SM and land-surface temperature can increase
reflectivity up to 4 dBZ in the lower atmosphere (1-3 km above the
surface). The presented approach brings new insights into observational
understanding of SM-precipitation feedback and possesses the potential
for diagnosing cloud models regarding land-atmosphere coupling
representation.
A Sandwich With Water: Bayesian/Frequentist Uncertainty Quantification under Model Misspecification
Authors: Vrugt Jasper A. , Diks Cees G.H. G.H. , Punder Ramon de , Grünwald Peter
Published: May 2024

In this paper we review basic elements of Frequentist inference,
specifically maximum likelihood (ML) and M-estimation to point out a
critical flaw of Bayesian methods for hydrologic model training and
uncertainty quantification. Under model misspecification, the
sensitivity
$\widehat{\mathbf{A}}_{n}$ and
variability
$\widehat{\mathbf{B}}_{n}$
matrices of the ML model parameter values
$\widehat{\bm{\uptheta}}_{n}$
provide conflicting information about the observed Fisher information
$\widehat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal{I}}}\vphantom{\overline{\widehat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal{I}}}}}_{n}$
of the data
$\omega_{1},\ldots,\omega_{n}$
for $\bm{\uptheta} =
(\theta_{1},\ldots,\theta_{d})^{\top}$.
As a result, the ML parameter covariance matrix,
$\Var(\widehat{\bm{\uptheta}}_{n})$,
does not simplify to the matrix inverse of the observed Fisher
information,
$\widehat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal{I}}}\vphantom{\overline{\widehat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal{I}}}}}_{n}$,
as suggested by naive ML estimators and Bayesian MCMC methods but
amounts instead to the so-called sandwich matrix
$\Var(\widehat{\bm{\uptheta}}_{n})
=
\widehat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal{G}}}\vphantom{\overline{\widehat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal{G}}}}}_{n}^{-1}
= \fracn
\widehat{\mathbf{A}}_{n}^{-1}\widehat{\mathbf{B}}^{\vphantom{-1}}_{n}\widehat{\mathbf{A}}_{n}^{-1}$,
where the observed Godambe information
$\widehat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal{G}}}\vphantom{\overline{\widehat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal{G}}}}}_{n}$
is the fundamental currency of data informativeness under model
misspecification. The \textit{sandwich} matrix is a
metaphor for a \textit{meat} matrix
$\widehat{\mathbf{B}}_{n}$
between two \textit{bread} matrices
$\widehat{\mathbf{A}}_{n}$ and
yields asymptotically valid “robust standard errors” even when the
likelihood function
$L_{n}(\bm{\uptheta})$ (model) is
incorrectly specified. The implications of the sandwich variance
estimator are demonstrated in three case studies involving the modeling
of soil water infiltration, watershed hydrologic fluxes and the
rainfall-discharge transformation. First and foremost, our analytic and
numerical results demonstrate that the sandwich variance estimator
increases substantially hydrologic model parameter and predictive
uncertainty. The sandwich estimator is invariant to likelihood
stretching practiced by the GLUE method as a remedy for
over-conditioning and requires magnitude and/or curvature adjustments to
the likelihood function to yield asymptotically valid sandwich parameter
estimates and inference via MCMC simulation.
Constructing a geography of heavy-tailed flood distributions: insights from common streamflow dynamics
Authors: Wang Dr. Hsing-Jui , Wang Hsing-Jui , Merz Ralf , Basso Stefano
Published: May 2024

Key Points 1. Regional propensity of flood tail behavior is shown across a diverse geographical range based on the analysis of common streamflow dynamics. 2. Temporal variability in catchment storage, driven by high evapotranspiration and dry soils, is a key mechanism for heavy-tailed floods. 3. Examining flood generation processes aids in unraveling the connections between flood tail behavior and seasons or catchment sizes.
Physically Structured Variational Inference for Bayesian Full Waveform Inversion
Authors: Zhao Xuebin , Curtis Andrew
Published: May 2024

Full waveform inversion (FWI) creates high resolution models of the
Earth’s subsurface structures from seismic waveform data. Due to the
non-linearity and non-uniqueness of FWI problems, finding globally
best-fitting model solutions is not necessarily desirable since they fit
noise as well as signal in the data. Bayesian FWI calculates a so-called
posterior probability distribution function, which describes all
possible model solutions and their uncertainties. In this paper, we
solve Bayesian FWI using variational inference and propose a new
methodology called physically structured variational inference, in which
a physics-based structure is imposed on the variational distribution. In
a simple example motivated by prior information from past FWI solutions,
we include parameter correlations between pairs of spatial locations
within a dominant wavelength of each other, and set other correlations
to zero. This makes the method far more efficient in terms of both
memory requirements and computation, at the cost of some loss of
generality in the solution found. We demonstrate the proposed method
with a 2D acoustic FWI scenario, and compare the results with those
obtained using other methods. This verifies that the method can produce
accurate statistical information about the posterior distribution with
hugely improved efficiency (in our FWI example, 1 order of magnitude in
computation). We further demonstrate that despite the possible reduction
in generality of the solution, the posterior uncertainties can be used
to solve post-inversion interrogation problems connected to estimating
volumes of subsurface reservoirs and of stored CO2, with minimal bias,
creating a highly efficient FWI-based decision-making workflow.
Adjoint-based marker-in-cell data assimilation for constraining thermal and flow processes from Lagrangian particle records
Authors: Nakao Atsushi , Kuwatani Tatsu , Ito Shin-ichi , Nagao Hiromichi
Published: May 2024

Geophysical problems often involve Lagrangian particles that follow
surrounding flows and record information about the system, such as the
pressure and temperature path recorded in metamorphic rocks. These
Lagrangian particles can be useful for constraining unknown parameters,
such as their sources and the thermal and flow processes of the
surrounding fluid. To use information about Lagrangian particles to
constrain unknown parameters about the surrounding fluid in an inverse
manner, we have developed a 4D-Var (four-dimensional variational) data
assimilation for thermal convection in a particle-grid coupled system.
Here we consider particles advected in a thermally convecting, highly
viscous fluid that mimics geochemical tracers in the Earth’s mantle, and
estimate time series of thermal and velocity fields only from the
particle records, focusing on their high traceability in the laminar
flow. We present preliminary 4D-Var results using a sufficient amount of
synthetic particle position and velocity data. The 4D-Var run achieves a
60-Myr time reversal of thermal convection with a horizontal wavelength
of 6,000 km, without using any temperature data. For smaller scale
convection, the cost function tends not to decrease well, but with a
shorter retrospective time domain or a large weight on early stage
information, the reconstruction improves. While this work focuses on
mantle dynamics, our framework has the potential to constrain thermal,
flow, and mixing processes in any other laminar flow containing
Lagrangian particles that record useful information.
Matrices whose powers are eventually triangular
Authors: Ma Chao , Ren Yali , Li Zheng , Zhong Jin
Published: May 2024

Square matrices whose powers eventually have some special properties are of
both theoretical significance and application value. This paper investigates
those complex matrices whose powers are eventually triangular. We completely
characterize the eventually triangular complex matrices of order not greater
than 4, and extend the results to the nonnegative case. Eventually
triangular matrices of order n are also discussed.
On projectively flat Finsler space with a cubic (α, β) metric
Authors: Tripathi Brijesh , Khan Sadika , Chaubey V.K.
Published: May 2024

In the present paper, we have considered a cubic (?, ?) metric which is an
special class of p-power Finsler metric, and obtained the conditions under
which the Finsler space with such special metric will be projectively flat.
Further, we also obtain in which case this Finsler space will be a Berwald
space and Douglas space.
Molecular survey on the parasitic nematode Contracaecum spp. in fish (Planiliza abu) destined for human consumption
Authors: Alali Firas , Hussein Muayad , Jawad Marwa
Published: May 2024

Contracaecum spp. is a parasitic nematode belonging to the Anisakidae family and which has a significant potential zoonotic effects on different hosts. Anisakiasis in humans is caused due to consumption of raw infected or undercooked seafood that contains nematode larvae. In this study, the prevalence of Contracaecum spp. nematodes in the fish, Planiliza abu, was determined over eight months from June 2022 to January 2023. The source of fish was Razzaza Lake, while the specimens of Planiliza abu were purchased from the local market, Karbala city, Iraq. The Contracaecum spp. nematodes were examined by morphological and molecular techniques.The total prevalence was 32%, as 133 of 416 fish were infected in the viscera by Contracaecum spp. third stage (L3) larvae. Molecular diagnosis of the COX-2 gene in Contracaecum spp. from P. abu was used to confirm the infection and to study their population biology. In the parasitology laboratory of the Veterinary Medicine College at Kerbala University, we confirmed the nematodes morphologically and molecularly as Contracaecum spp. The infection rates in September and November were greater than in October 2022. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the length of the fish and the number of nematodes per fish. This study detected the presence of Contracaecum spp. using analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II (COX-2 gene). In conclusion, molecular genotyping might be an effective method for detecting the Contracaecum L3 larval species, determining the biology of the life-cycles, population structures, transmission methods, and intermediate hosts types.
Electrophysiological Characterization of Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Human β-Like Cells and an SLC30A8 Disease Model
Authors: Jaffredo Manon , Krentz Nicole A.J. , Champon Benoite , Duff Claire E. , Nawaz Sameena , Beer Nicola , Honore Christian , Clark Anne , Rorsman Patrik , Lang Jochen , Gloyn Anna L. , Raoux Matthieu , Hastoy Benoit
Published: May 2024

Inducible pluripotent stem cell–derived human β-like cells (BLCs) hold promise for both therapy and disease modeling, but their generation remains challenging and their functional analyses beyond transcriptomic and morphological assessments remain limited. Here, we validate an approach using multicellular and single-cell electrophysiological tools to evaluate function of BLCs from pioneer protocols that can be easily adapted to more differentiated BLCs. The multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) measuring the extracellular electrical activity revealed that BLCs, like primary β-cells, are electrically coupled and produce slow potential (SP) signals that are closely linked to insulin secretion. We also used high-resolution single-cell patch clamp measurements to capture the exocytotic properties, and characterize voltage-gated sodium and calcium currents, and found that they were comparable with those in primary β- and EndoC-βH1 cells. The KATP channel conductance is greater than in human primary β-cells, which may account for the limited glucose responsiveness observed with MEA. We used MEAs to study the impact of the type 2 diabetes–protective SLC30A8 allele (p.Lys34Serfs50*) and found that BLCs with this allele have stronger electrical coupling activity. Our data suggest that BLCs can be used to evaluate the functional impact of genetic variants on β-cell function and coupling.

Article Highlights
Complications and complaints in craniofacial fractures – Finnish national data for 20 years
Authors: Luotamo Inka , Snäll Johanna , Toivari Miika
Published: May 2024

Objective: Research on reasons for malpractice claims in oral and maxillofacial surgery is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes and prevalence of permanent harm among craniofacial fracture related malpractice claims.
Materials and methods: A retrospective register study was designed and implemented. All patients with a complaint and a diagnosis of facial or cranial fracture were included. The main outcome was the presence of permanent harm, and the predictor variable was the cause of complaint. Chi-square test was used for estimation of statistical significance.
Results: Delay in correct diagnosis was the leading cause of malpractice claims (63.2%), and permanent harm was found in 23.1% of the population. 82.4% of injuries were facial fractures in total population. 65.3% (n = 98) of facial trauma were related with delayed diagnostics (p < 0.001). Permanent harm was more frequent in patients with delayed diagnosis (71.4%) than those without (60.7%, p = 0.299).
Conclusions: Claims of craniofacial trauma are related with under-diagnostics, and un-diagnosed facial fracture can lead to a high rate of permanent harm. Systematic clinical evaluation and facial trauma specialist consultation is recommended to set early correct diagnosis for and improve treatment of craniofacial trauma patients.
Динамика состояния лесов Красноярского края по данным государственного лесопатологического мониторинга
Authors: Федонова Полина , Попова Валентина
Published: May 2024

За последние несколько лет на территории Красноярского края наблюдается отрицательная динамика состояния лесных насаждений. Был проведен анализ динамики повреждений лесных экосистем на территории Красноярского края, вызванных воздействием биогенных и абиогенных факторов, которые учитывались в ходе государственного лесопатологического мониторинга. За последние 17 лет площадь повреждённых и погибших насаждений на конец года варьировала от 84,3 тыс. га в 2007 году до 5739,5 тыс. га в 2022 году. В 2023 году площадь погибших насаждений сократилась до 452,8 тыс. га.
Urgensi Etika Dalam Literasi Digital Di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Tanjung Annisa Qadri , Suciptaningsih Oktaviani Adhi , Asikin Nurul
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this studywas to describe the importance of ethics in the context of digital literacy in the current era of globalization. By understanding the importance of ethics in digital literacy, it is hoped that this research can provide insights regarding optimizing the benefits of digital technology based on the principles of digital ethics.This research uses a library research method; the data is collected from source books, research articles, and other sources relevant to the topic discussed.The library research results showed that digital literacy has a very important role in facing complex challenges in the current era of globalization. Ethics in digital literacy acts as a guideline in using technology so that it has positive effects and minimizes negative effects. Awareness of digital responsibility is the foundation for a smarter and more empowered society in this digital era. Digital literacy ethics are very important in several ways, such as preventing the spread of false information, fighting cyberbullying and harassing speech, and respecting user privacy. Challenges in implementing digital literacy ethics include a lack of awareness of digital ethics, inequality in access and mastery of technology, regulatory and law enforcement challenges, and the role of education in overcoming challenges. Therefore, the importance of ethics in digital literacy and the role of education is crucial to overcoming various challenges that arise along with the development of technology and information.
ESG, macroeconomic fundamentals
and stock returns: Corporate governance implications
from EU markets
Authors:   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Faculty of
Management, Bucharest, Romania, Ciocîrlan Cecilia , Stancea Andreea ,   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Faculty of
Communication and Public Relations, Bucharest, Romania, Zwak-Cantoriu Maria-Cristina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Faculty of Finance, Bucharest, Romania, Ciuciuc Victor ,   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Faculty of
Management, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2024

This paper examines how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)
factors influence stock returns and economic performance in the EU. It delves into
advanced economies, GIIPS (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain), and CEE
(Central and Eastern Europe) countries. By analyzing data, the study highlights
areas for improvement in the EU’s ESG performance, such as resource use and
social equity. Interestingly, the analysis finds that strong corporate governance,
particularly in CEE, is linked to higher stock returns, suggesting the value of sound
regulations. Conversely, environmental performance shows a negative correlation
with returns in CEE, likely due to the region’s historical dependence on heavy
industry. Overall, this study emphasizes how ESG can guide investors towards
companies promoting sustainable economic growth.
Rhetorical Risk Zones in Mediatexts of Turbulent Times
Authors: Morina L. A.
Published: May 2024

The concept of rhetorical risk is introduced and actualized within the framework of the rhetorical decoding of the text concept aimed at studying the mechanisms of effective text formation. The phenomenon of textual effectiveness gains particular significance in turbulent periods of human existence. The research material consists of a corpus of mediatexts created during the COVID-19 pandemic and in April 2024 during the devastating flooding in the Southern Urals and Western Siberia. The aim of the article is to identify the zones of rhetorical risks in the text and to identify their indicators. In accordance with the methodological principles of linguorhetorical reconstruction, the zones of rhetorical risks in the text were identified as inventive, dispositival, and elocutive. Indicators of the inventive zone include the implicitness of the speaker’s practical goal-setting   and   the   orthodoxy of the thesis put forward. Indicators of dispositival risk zones include one-dimensionality of argumentation, excessive use of statistical data as arguments, and frequency of related reasoning. The elocutive zone of rhetorical risks arises due to the speakers’ neglect of such a significant communicative criterion for turbulent times as dialogism. The research results can have broad professional applications — from educational activities to mass media and linguo-expert practices.