bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The weight of expectation: Implicit, rather than explicit, prior expectations drive the size–weight illusion
Authors: Buckingham Gavin , MacDonald Aimee
Published: October 2015

In the size–weight illusion, small objects feel heavier than identically weighted larger objects. This illusion is thought to be a consequence of how one's prior expectations can influence conscious perception—lifters expect the large object to outweigh the small object and subsequently experience it as feeling lighter than they expected it to be. Here, we directly examined how a familiar object's identity can affect how heavy someone expects it to be, and how these expectations will influence subsequent perceptions of heaviness. We describe two novel weight illusions induced with familiar objects. In one condition, participants judged the weight of a set of similar-size objects with very different natural weights (a polystyrene sphere, a tennis ball, and a cricket ball), which had all been adjusted to weigh the same amount as one another. In this condition, participants experienced a small, but reliable, weight illusion, with the lightest looking ball feeling heavier than the heaviest looking ball. In the other condition, participants judged the weights of a different set of balls, which were different sizes, but similar natural weights, to one another (a golf ball, a foam soccer ball, and an inflated beach ball). Again, participants experienced a perceptual illusion, but in the opposite direction. Surprisingly, participant's perceptions matched, rather than contrasted with, their explicit expectations such that, even though they expected the golf ball to outweigh the beach ball they perceived the golf ball as feeling heavier than the beach ball. The effect of object mass appeared to dominate the effect of conscious expectations, suggesting that contrasting expectations of heaviness are not necessary to experience weight illusions and that current models of this robust perceptual effect must be revised.
A dynamic programming approach to the Parisi functional
Authors: Jagannath Aukosh , Tobasco Ian
Published: October 2015

G. Parisi predicted an important variational formula for the thermodynamic limit of the intensive free energy for a class of mean field spin glasses. In this paper, we present an elementary approach to the study of the Parisi functional using stochastic dynamic programing and semi-linear PDE. We give a derivation of important properties of the Parisi PDE avoiding the use of Ruelle Probability Cascades and Cole-Hopf transformations. As an application, we give a simple proof of the strict convexity of the Parisi functional, which was recently proved by Auffinger and Chen.
The minimal base size for a 𝑝-solvable linear group
Authors: Halasi Zoltán , Maróti Attila
Published: October 2015

Let

V
V

be a finite vector space over a finite field of order

q
q

and of characteristic

p
p

. Let

G
≤
G
L
(
V
)

G\leq GL(V)

be a

p
p

-solvable completely reducible linear group. Then there exists a base for

G
G

on

V
V

of size at most

2
2

unless

q
≤
4

q \leq 4

in which case there exists a base of size at most

3
3

. This extends a recent result of Halasi and Podoski and generalizes a theorem of Seress. A generalization of a theorem of Pálfy and Wolf is also given.
Studying materials and technology: Introduction
Authors: Nicholson Paul T.
Published: October 2015

Historically most Egyptologists have concentrated on text-rich sites, notably tombs and temples rather than on those associated with crafts and industries. Since the 1970s, however, there has been an increasing focus on understanding the production processes of the items of material culture found on sites of all types. This focus has included work on ethno-archaeology, archaeological experiment, and laboratory analyses alongside traditional examinations of literary evidence. This holistic approach to the study of materials and technology is the suggestion put forward here, ideally drawing on the examination of objects, using material science, informed by ethnographic practice and experimental archaeology, where possible.
Mental Health in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Tanner Jennifer L.
Published: October 2015

This chapter examines the role of mental health in emerging-adult development and adjustment describing a stage-specific model of mental health. It first addresses the importance of the mental health needs of emerging adults before considering a model that conceptualizes and measures mental health based on four general approaches: mental health as normality, mental health as a set of personality traits, equating mental health with personal maturity, and considering whether an individual has achieved average development for age and stage. The chapter also explores three hypotheses that scientifically probe associations between criteria of “adulthood” and mental health: social exclusion, social adaptation, and developmental maturation. Finally, it looks at how the theory of emerging adulthood can be used to set the context for conceptualizing not only new social norms, but also new developmental norms, complemented with the concept of “recentering.”
The Incidence of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Among Patients With Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Lee Teng-Yu , Wang Ren-Ching , Lee Yi-Chia , Lin Jaw-Town , Ho Hsiu J. , Hsieh Mu-Chih , Wu Chun-Ying
Published: October 2015

Background and Aims:

Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) has been known as a premalignant condition, but estimates of its cancer risk vary widely. We aimed to analyze cancer risk of gastric IM by a long-term cohort study.

Methods:

We conducted a hospital-based study that included all patients with gastric IM between 1992 and 2010, and the development of gastric adenocarcinoma was evaluated until July 2011. Patients developing gastric cancer ≤180 days after the index diagnosis of IM were excluded. The incidence rate, the cumulative incidence, and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of gastric cancer were determined, and hazard ratios (HRs) of risk factors were calculated.

Results:

We identified 7059 patients with a median follow-up duration of 5.1 years, and 81 patients developed gastric adenocarcinoma during the study period. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year cumulative incidences of gastric cancer were 0.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-1.1), 2.0% (95% CI, 1.5-2.6), and 3.0% (95% CI, 2.0-4.0), respectively. On multivariate analysis, older age (eg, 75 y and above; HR=7.4; 95% CI, 2.8-19.6), low-grade dysplasia (HR=4.0; 95% CI, 2.1-7.9), and high-grade dysplasia (HR=18.8; 95% CI, 9.0-39.5) were independent risk factors. As compared with the risk in the general population, the SIR of gastric cancer among patients with gastric IM was 2.5 (95% CI, 2.0-3.1). However, the SIR was only 2.0 (95% CI, 1.5-2.6) in the nondysplasia subgroup, but was up to 35.2 (95% CI, 15.2-69.4) in the high-grade dysplasia subgroup.

Conclusions:

Gastric IM is an important risk factor for gastric cancer, but surveillance should be arranged only for those at an especially high risk.
Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 65, part 6, of the IJSEM
Authors: Oren Aharon , Garrity George M.
Published: October 2015

This listing of names of prokaryotes published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol
41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles).
Use of 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing for identification of Oligella urethralis that was misidentified as Fransciella tularensis by an automated system
Authors: Shruthi N. , Dhanalaxmi A. , Rajendran R.
Published: October 2015

Introduction:

Oligella infections are rare and have been only rarely reported in the literature. This may be due to the misidentification of Oligella as a Moraxella-like organism. To the best of our knowledge, we present what we believe to be the first case report on Oligella urethralis bacteraemia in India.

Case presentation:

A 65-year-old female patient with compromising underlying illness presented with signs and symptoms of bacteraemia. The organism was initially identified as Fransciella tularensis by a bioMérieux colorimetric VITEK 2 Compact GN ID card, but 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the isolate as O. urethralis.

Conclusion:

The case emphasizes the importance of O. urethralis as an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Although automated systems allow accurate and rapid identification of commonly isolated bacterial organisms, they are less likely to correctly identify slow-growing, fastidious, rare or biochemically inert organisms. Therefore, it is good to confirm such isolates with a second method such as 16S sequencing and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS.
Recombination produces coherent bacterial species clusters in both core and accessory genomes
Authors: Marttinen Pekka , Croucher Nicholas J. , Gutmann Michael U. , Corander Jukka , Hanage William P.
Published: October 2015

Background:

Population samples show bacterial genomes can be divided into a core of ubiquitous genes and accessory genes that are present in a fraction of isolates. The ecological significance of this variation in gene content remains unclear. However, microbiologists agree that a bacterial species should be ‘genomically coherent’, even though there is no consensus on how this should be determined.

Results:

We use a parsimonious model combining diversification in both the core and accessory genome, including mutation, homologous recombination (HR) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) introducing new loci, to produce a population of interacting clusters of strains with varying genome content. New loci introduced by HGT may then be transferred on by HR. The model fits well to a systematic population sample of 616 pneumococcal genomes, capturing the major features of the population structure with parameter values that agree well with empirical estimates.

Conclusions:

The model does not include explicit selection on individual genes, suggesting that crude comparisons of gene content may be a poor predictor of ecological function. We identify a clearly divergent subpopulation of pneumococci that are inconsistent with the model and may be considered genomically incoherent with the rest of the population. These strains have a distinct disease tropism and may be rationally defined as a separate species. We also find deviations from the model that may be explained by recent population bottlenecks or spatial structure.
Quality characteristics of noodle added with Aster scaber extracts solution and powder
Authors: Kim Guy-Min , Kim Hyun-Gi , Hong Ju-Yeon , Choi Young-Jun , Nam Hak-Sik , Shin Seung-Ryeul
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of A. scaber noodle added with A. scaber extract solution or powder. The weight of cooked noodle and noodle added with A. scaber extract solution was higher than those of the non-added noodle (control) and dried A. scaber powder added noodle. As the amount of A. scaber extract solution or powder was increased, the water absorption rate of noodle was decreased. As the amount of A. scaber solution or powder was increased, the ‘L’ values of noodles were decreased. Since the ‘a’ values of all noodles were negative and the ‘b’ values of all noodles were positive, the color of all noodles were determined to be yellow green. The pH of noodles were 5 to 6 in control noodles and noodles with A. scaber powder. The pH of noodle added A. scaber extract solution was lower than those of others. As amount of A. scaber extract solution or powder was increased, the elasticity of all noodles was decreased. The chewiness of noodles was the highest in noodle added A. scaber extract powder. The quality of noodle added A. scaber extract solution was the excellent among the all other noodles. This result showed that, the quality characteristics and palatability of noodle added A. scaber extract solution or powder was higher than those of control noodle.
Quality characteristics of rice and rice starch-based Yakju
Authors: Kang Ji-Eun , Kim Jae-Woon , Choi Han-Seok , Kim Chan-Woo , Yeo Soo-Hwan , Jeong Seok-Tae
Published: October 2015

Yakju, a Korean traditional alcoholic beverage, is made from rice and Nuruk. In this study, the fermentation characteristics of Yakju was investigated using rice and rice starch. Ingredients was classified into raw material (rice, rice starch) and starter (enzyme supplements, modified Nuruk, traditional Nuruk, and yellow rice koji) for fermentation. The crude protein content of rice, rice starch, and starter were determined as follows (%): rice 6.69, rice starch 0.44, enzyme supplements 7.84, modified Nuruk 15.29, traditional Nuruk 14.28, and yellow rice koji 7.28. The alcohol content of rice with traditional Nuruk (20.13±0.12%) was higher than other Yakju. The concentration of organic acids of rice starch-based Yakju (389.83~538.34 mg%) was higher than that of rice Yakju (259.27~357.70 mg%). The concentration of nitrogen compound of rice Yakju (498.38~5976.93 ppm) was higher than that of rice starch-based Yakju (600.43~4463.79 ppm). In line with these findings, further studies will be necessary for the quality analysis of the rice, rice starch and fermented starter (enzyme supplements, modified Nuruk, traditional Nuruk and yellow rice koji).
Quality characteristics of non steamed oriental melon Makgeolli by adding sucralose
Authors: Kim Ok Mi , Jo Yong Jun , Jeong Yong Jin
Published: October 2015

This study examined the physicochemical quality characteristics of the oriental melon Makgeolli variant by addition of sucralose during its non-steamed fermentation process. The results showed a partial increase in initial sugar content in Makgeolli depending on the level of sucralose addition; and this slight increase in sugar content was exhibited in all intervals into which the sucralose was added during fermentation. The pH of Makgeolli did not exhibit significant changes according to the level of added sucralose until the fourth day of the fermentation process; and the total acidity of Makgeolli did not significantly change in accordance with the varied levels of added sucralose. Reducing sugar rapidly decreased in all intervals of the experiment during the first day of fermentation, and it was then increased slightly staring from the second day of the fermentation. Alcohol content in all experimental intervals was proportionally increased in accordance with the amount of added sucralose during the alcoholic fermentation process. The alcohol content was reached to the final alcohol contents of control (A) 11.27%, 0.001% (w/w) (B) 11.43%, 0.002% (w/w) (C) 11.80%, and 0.003% (w/w) (D) 12.23%. The levels of acetaldehyde, 1-propanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol in Makgeolli were all proportional to the level of the amount of sucralose added in the fermentation process. The organoleptic characteristics of Makgeolli was accorded with the level of the amount of sucralose. In the sensory evaluation, the experimental interval of 0.003% (w/w) (D) showed the highest scores of 3.30, 2.67, 3.17, and 3.20 in color, odor, taste and overall, respectively.
Antioxidant activities of blueberry hot water extracts with different extraction condition
Authors: Ko Gyeong-A , Son Moa , Kang Hye Rim , Lim Ji Hee , Im Geun Hyung , Cho Somi Kim
Published: October 2015

Five extraction conditions (AE, autoclave extraction; OE, oven extraction; HWSE, hot water and sonication extraction; HWASE, hot water acidified with 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid and sonication extraction; and BE, boiling extraction) were examined to compare the effects of different hot water extraction methods on the antioxidant properties of blueberries. The extraction yields of the AE, OE, HWSE, HWASE, and BE were 7.94%, 8.35%, 8.55% 9.15%, and 8.50%, respectively. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of AE were 3.47 mg GAE/g and 1.59 mg RE/g, respectively, which were highest centents among others. Those of OE were ranked second to the highest. The total anthocyanin content of HWSE (5.29 mg/g) was significantly higher than that of others whereas that of AE showed the lowest content (0.96 mg/g). The order of ABTS radical and alkyl radical scavenging activities was as follows: AE › BE › OE › HWSE › HWASE. The antioxidant properties were considerably correspondent with the total polyphenol and flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity was quite high in HWSE, AE, and BE extraction, however, there were no significant differences among the five extraction methods in the aspect of Fe2+ ion chelating activities. Moreover, AE showed the highest SOD activity, and protected the dermal fibroblast the best against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, it was suggested that the autoclave extraction (AE) would be the most effective method for preparing blueberry hot water extracts with relatively high antioxidant activities.
Physicochemical characteristics and storage stabilities of soy sauce and soybean paste sauce added with extracts of pear and sugar
Authors: Park Yeon-Ok
Published: October 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and storage stabilities of soy sauce and soybean paste sauce added with extracts of pear and sugar. The commercial possibility of these sauces was investigated by sensory and preference evaluations. First, the sensory evaluation of two different particle sizes of soybean paste sauce (Type Ⅰ, chopped; Type Ⅱ, ground) was performed. The result of sensory and preference evaluations of soybean paste sauce Type Ⅰ was higher than those of soybean paste sauce Type Ⅱ, which the former was used for further analysis. The total polyphenol contents and the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylb enzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTSㆍ+) radical scavenging activities of two sauces were not significantly different (p<0.05). The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of soy sauce was higher than that of soybean paste sauce Ⅰ(p<0.05). The pH, total bacterial count, saltiness, and hunter’s color values of both sauces were not changed during the whole storage period (60 days). Viscosity of the soybean paste sauce Ⅰ was increased while the viscosity of soy sauce was significantly decreased during the storage periods (p<0.05). From these results, it was suggested that the soy sauce and soybean paste sauce Ⅰ added with pear extract of pear and sugar would be a suitable sauce for smoked duck and meat foods.
Study on quality characteristics of Mandupi added with Ligularia fischeri powder
Authors: Park Bock-Hee , Kim Se-Jin , Cho Hee-Sook
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Ligularia fischeri powder on the functional and sensory characteristics of Mandupi. Various Mandupi samples were prepared with wheat flour by addition of different amounts of Ligularia fischeri powder, and instrumental characteristics and sensory evaluations were then investigated. Based on amylograph data, the composite of Ligularia fischeri powder and wheat flour samples increased its gelatinization temperatures depending on increasing of Ligularia fischeri powder content. However, viscosities at 95°C and after 15 min, and maximum viscosity were reduced. In terms of Hunter's color values, L and a values decreased, while b value increased with the increase of Ligularia fischeri powder content. In addition, weight, volume and turbidity of Mandupis prepared with Ligularia fischeri powder were significantly greater than those of control. In terms of textural characteristics, springiness, chewiness and brittleness increased whereas adhesiveness decreased with the addition of Ligularia fischeri powder. Sensory evaluations showed that the overall preference of Mandupi with the addition of 3% Ligularia fischeri powder was greater than that of wheat flour only.
Quality characteristics of popped rice Doenjang prepared with Bacillus subtilis strains
Authors: Lee Kyung Ha , Kim Eun Ju , Choi Hye Sun , Park Shin Young , Kim Jae Hyun , Song Jin
Published: October 2015

This study investigated the quality characteristics of popped rice Doenjang prepared with different Bacillus strains (Bacillus subtilis KACC 15935, and Bacillus subtilis HJ18-9). The changes in the enzyme activity (protease, cellulase, and ɑ-amylase), amino-type nitrogen and ammonia-type nitrogen contents, and the reducing sugar were investigated during the fermentation period. Enzymes such as protease, cellulase, and a-amylase plays an important role in the changes in composition of nutrients, and in flavor and taste of popped rice Doenjang. Protease activities of the popped rice deonjang fermented with different Bacillus strains (control, B. subtilis KACC 15935, and B. subtilis HJ18-9) was in the range of 171.77-185.97 unit/g at the beginning of fermentation, and there were no significant differences among the samples. On the other hand, the protease activity in popped rice Doenjang fermented with B. subtilis HJ18-9 increased significantly up to 248.77±4.53 unit/g at the end of fermentation (p<0.05). Cellulase activity and a-amylase activity of popped rice Doenjang in HJ18-9 was higher than these of other samples. After 56 days of fermentation, amino-type nitrogen in popped rice deonjang fermented with control, B. subtilis KACC 15935, and B. subtilis HJ18-9 increased significantly up to 174.99±3.70, 166.59±1.40, 225.39±3.70 mg％, respectively (p<0.05). These results suggested that B. subtilis HJ18-9 was a suitable starter for the preparation of soybean paste.
Antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) composites containing natural plants
Authors: Lee Soo-Jung , Oh Soo-Jeong , Kang Min-Jung , Shin Jung-Hye , Kang Shin-Kwon
Published: October 2015

To develop a functional drink using abalone, two abalone composites (APM-1, APM-2) were prepared by mixing the abalone and natural plants (Lycii fructus and Rubus coreanus Miq.). Their antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects were evaluated using rats running on a treadmill after 4 weeks supplementation of the abalone composites. Experimental groups were divided into four groups including normal (non-exercised group), control (exercised group), one dose per day (EAPM-1), and three doses per day (EAPM-2) with exercise by running. Antioxidant activities, and total phenols and flavonoids contents of APM-2 were significantly higher than those of APM-1 (p<0.05). Total lipid content in serum of EAPM-2 was significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase activity and blood urea nitrogen content of EAPM-1 and EAPM-2 groups were significantly lower than that of control group. There were no significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase activity among control, EAPM-1 and EAPM-2 groups. In the meanwhile, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower than that of control group. In serum and liver tissues of EAPM-1 and EAPM-2 groups, lipid peroxide contents significantly decreased compared to control group. DPPH radical scavenging activities in liver tissues of EAPM-1 and EAPM-2 groups were significantly higher than those of control group. Therefore, abalone composites were effective for the alleviation of oxidative stress caused by treadmill running, which was dependent on antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content.
루틴 대사체의 미백 효능
Authors: Kim Ji Hye , Kang Nam Joo
Published: October 2015

The aim of this research was to investigate the whitening effects of rutin and rutin metabolites including 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DHPAA), 3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (HPAA), 3,4-dihydroxytolene (DHT) and homovanillic acid (HVA). The potent whitening effect of rutin and rutin metabolites were determined by mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay and expressed as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against tyrosinase activity in vitro. The HVA showed the highest inhibitory effect (IC50=37.10 μM) of tyrosinase activity, followed by DHPAA (IC50=45.87 μM), HPAA (IC50=50.96 μM), rutin (IC50=57.98 μM), and DHT (IC50=66.09 μM), respectively. To evaluate cell cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed with JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells and expressed as a relative percentage of untreated control. The results showed that rutin and rutin metabolites had no cytotoxic effects on JB6 P+ cells up to 100 μM except for DHT (up to 50 μM). These results suggests that rutin metabolites may be utilized as a potential tyrosinase inhibitors and the whitening agents for the future.
Effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) stems on inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and COX-2 expressions in Raw 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Cho Yong Hun , Kim Hyeon Jeong , Kim Dong In , Jang Jae Yoon , Kwak Jae Hoon , Shin Yu Hyeon , Cho Yeon Gje , An Bong Jeon
Published: October 2015

In this study, the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of water extract (ASSW) and 70% ethanol extract (ASSE) of Allium sativum L. stems were investigated using Raw 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ABTS radical scavenging activities of ASSW and ASSE at 1000 μg/mL concentration were 96.9% and 97.8%, respectively. In order to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of ASSW and ASSE, nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor including α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) were measured. ASSW and ASSE at 100 μg/mL concentration showed inhibitory effects against NO production by 18% and 23%, respectively. Production of IL-1β and IL-6 after treatment with ASSW and ASSE at 100 μg/mL decreased by approximately 28% and 15% for ASSW and 17% and 12% for ASSE, respectively. In addition, production of TNF-α after treatment of 100 μg/mL of ASSW and ASSE decreased by 24% and 23%, respectively. In addition, the treatment of 100 μg/mL of ASSW and ASSE showed inhibitory expressions against PGE2 by 45.47% and 33.87%, respectively. These results suggested that ASSE showed greater inhibitory activity than that of the ASSW by the suppression of inflammatory mediators, including NO, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE2 production, and the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages. In conclusion, ASSW and ASSE may have some ancillary effects on inflammatory factors as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
Methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 by PR-Set7 ensures the integrity of late replicating sequence domains in Drosophila
Authors: Li () Yulong , Armstrong Robin L. , Duronio Robert J. , MacAlpine David M.
Published: October 2015

The methylation state of lysine 20 on histone H4 (H4K20) has been linked to chromatin compaction, transcription, DNA repair and DNA replication. Monomethylation of H4K20 (H4K20me1) is mediated by the cell cycle-regulated histone methyltransferase PR-Set7. PR-Set7 depletion in mammalian cells results in defective S phase progression and the accumulation of DNA damage, which has been partially attributed to defects in origin selection and activation. However, these studies were limited to only a handful of mammalian origins, and it remains unclear how PR-Set7 and H4K20 methylation impact the replication program on a genomic scale. We employed genetic, cytological, and genomic approaches to better understand the role of PR-Set7 and H4K20 methylation in regulating DNA replication and genome stability inDrosophilacells. We find that deregulation of H4K20 methylation had no impact on origin activation throughout the genome. Instead, depletion of PR-Set7 and loss of H4K20me1 results in the accumulation of DNA damage and an ATR-dependent cell cycle arrest. Coincident with the ATR-dependent cell cycle arrest, we find increased DNA damage that is specifically limited to late replicating regions of theDrosophilagenome, suggesting that PR-Set7-mediated monomethylation of H4K20 is critical for maintaining the genomic integrity of late replicating domains.
3D RNA from evolutionary couplings
Authors: Weinreb Caleb , Gross Torsten , Sander Chris , Marks Debora S.
Published: October 2015

Non-protein-coding RNAs are ubiquitous in cell physiology, with a diverse repertoire of known functions. In fact, the majority of the eukaryotic genome does not code for proteins, and thousands of conserved long non-protein-coding RNAs of currently unkown function have been identified. When available, knowledge of their 3D structure is very helpful in elucidating the function of these RNAs. However, despite some outstanding structure elucidation of RNAs using X-ray crystallography, NMR and cryoEM, learning RNA 3D structures remains low-throughput. RNA structure predictionin silicois a promising alternative approach and works well for double-helical stems, but full 3D structure determination requires tertiary contacts outside of secondary structures that are difficult to infer from sequence information. Here, based only on information from RNA multiple sequence alignments, we use a global statistical sequence probability model of co-variation in a pairs of nucleotide positions to detect 3D contacts, in analogy to recently developed breakthrough methods for computational protein folding. In blinded tests on 22 known RNA structures ranging in size from 65 to 1800 nucleotides, the predicted contacts matched physical nucleotide interactions with 65-95% true positive prediction accuracy. Importantly, we infer many long-range tertiary contacts, including non-Watson-Crick interactions, where secondary structure elements assemble in 3D. When used as restraints in molecular dynamics simulations, the inferred contacts improve RNA 3D structure prediction to a coordinate error as low as 6 – 10 Å rmsd deviation in atom positions, with potential for further refinement by molecular dynamics. These contacts include functionally important interactions, such as those that distinguish the active and inactive conformations of four riboswitches. In blind prediction mode, we present evolutionary couplings suitable for folding simulations for 180 RNAs of unknown structure, available athttps://marks.hms.harvard.edu/ev_rna/. We anticipate that this approach can help shed light on the structure and function of non-protein-coding RNAs as well as 3D-structured mRNAs.
Hemodynamic response function in resting brain: disambiguating neural events and autonomic effects
Authors: Wu Guo-Rong , Marinazzo Daniele
Published: October 2015

It has been shown that resting state brain dynamics can be characterized by looking at sparse blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) events, which can be retrieved by point process analysis. Cardiac activity can also induce changes in the BOLD signal, thus affect both the number of these events and the mapping between neural events and BOLD signal, namely the hemodynamic response. To isolate neural activity and autonomic effects, we compare the resting state hemodynamic response retrieved by means of a point process analysis with and without deconvolving the cardiac fluctuations. Brainstem and the surrounding cortical area (such as precuneus, insula etc.) are found to be significantly affected by cardiac pulses. Methodological and physiological implications are then discussed.
Developing collaboration structures for university-industry interaction and innovations
Authors: Mäkimattila Martti , Junell Timo , Rantala Tero
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the doing, using, and interacting (DUI) of Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) while developing intra- and inter-collaboration with industry. It also reviews recent literature related to the roles of absorptive capacity (AC) and social capital (SC) in interaction.

Design/methodology/approach

– A qualitative case research on developing collaborations between UAS and small- and medium-sized enterprises for innovation activities.

Findings

– Prior knowledge and contacts vary in organisations, and interaction should be supported while aiming to maximise benefits of internal and external resources available for innovation. This paper contributes by pointing out the importance of the interconnection of DUI, AC, and SC while developing collaboration.

Originality/value

– This paper describes issues challenging the collaborative innovation activities and directions to focus on structural development to support interaction with parties having different backgrounds, goals, and strengths. The study highlights the importance of knowledge exchange with several universities and firms, and the different learning modes related to innovation.
Workspace calculating and kinematic modelling of a flexible continuum manipulator constructed by steel-wires
Authors: Gao GuoHua , Liu Yue , Wang Hao , Song MingYang , Ren Han
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to establish a kinematic model for a continuum manipulator, whose end can be controlled to move in a three-dimensional workspace. A continuum manipulator has significant advantages over traditional, rigid manipulators in many applications because of its ability to conform to the environment. Moreover, because of its excellent flexibility, light weight, low energy consumption, low production cost, it has a number of potential applications in areas of earthquake relief, agricultural harvesting, medical facilities and space exploration.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper uses basic theory of material mechanics to deduct motion equations of the manipulator. Unlike other published papers, the manipulator is not based on segments tactics, but regarded as an integrated flexible system, which simplifies its kinematics modelling and motion controlling. The workspace of the manipulator is analysed by theoretical deducing and simulation modelling. For verification of the presented theory, simulation based on ADAMS software was implemented, while a prototype of the manipulator was developed. Both the software simulation and prototype experiment show that the theoretical analysis in this paper is reasonable. The manipulator can move accurately along the desired trajectories.

Findings

– This paper developed a novel and fully continuous manipulator driven by steel wires. A kinematic model of the manipulator was established. The physical manipulator developed for verifying the kinematic model can effectively track the prescribed trajectory. The presented kinematic model agrees with not only the simulation but also with the experiment.

Research limitations/implications

– The manipulator presented in this paper is constructed by steel wires. It possesses the advantages of structural continuity, high flexibility and low production cost. It can be extensively used in many fields, such as search and rescue robotic systems. The limitation of this research is that the dynamic model of the manipulator is not yet clear, which is one of the directions for future research.

Practical implications

– The manipulator breaks through the limitation of the joint-type or flexible-link-type manipulator, which can also be extensively used in many fields such as search and rescue robotic systems.

Social implications

– The manipulator developed in this paper, currently, is a prototype under the project of “Automatic Picking Manipulator Research”. It possesses a good market value.

Originality/value

– The value of this research is that the manipulator breaks through the limitation of the joint-type or flexible-link-type manipulator and establishes the kinematic model for a fully continuous manipulator by a simple strategy. This is the first study that uses such a strategy for establishing the motion equations of a monolithic continuum manipulator.
A fixed-distance planning algorithm for 6-DOF manipulators
Authors: Gao Mingyu , Chen Da , Yang Yuxiang , He Zhiwei
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new trajectory planning algorithm for industrial robots, which can let the robots move through a desired spatial trajectory, avoid colliding with other objects and achieve accurate movements. Trajectory planning algorithms are the soul of motion control of industrial robots. A predefined space trajectory can let the robot move through the desired spatial coordinates, avoid colliding with other objects and achieve accurate movements.

Design/methodology/approach

– The mathematical expressions of the proposed algorithm are deduced. The speed control, position control and orientation control strategies are realized and verified with simulations, and then implemented on a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) industrial robot platform.

Findings

– A fixed-distance trajectory planning algorithm based on Cartesian coordinates was presented. The linear trajectory, circular trajectory, helical trajectory and parabolic trajectory in Cartesian coordinates were implemented on the 6-DOF industrial robot.

Originality/value

– A simple and efficient algorithm is proposed. Enrich the kind of trajectory which the industrial robot can realize. In addition, the industrial robot can move more concisely, smoothly and precisely.
Volumetric view planning for 3D reconstruction with multiple manipulators
Authors: Li Liangzhi , Xiao Nanfeng
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to propose a new view planning method which can be used to calculate the next-best-view (NBV) for multiple manipulators simultaneously and build an automated three-dimensional (3D) object reconstruction system, which is based on the proposed method and can adapt to various industrial applications.

Design/methodology/approach

– The entire 3D space is encoded with octree, which marks the voxels with different tags. A set of candidate viewpoints is generated, filtered and evaluated. The viewpoint with the highest score is selected as the NBV.

Findings

– The proposed method is able to make the multiple manipulators, equipped with “eye-in-hand” RGB-D sensors, work together to accelerate the object reconstruction process.

Originality/value

– Compared to the existed approaches, the proposed method in this paper is fast, computationally efficient, has low memory cost and can be used in actual industrial productions where the multiple different manipulators exist. And, more notably, a new algorithm is designed to speed up the generation and filtration of the candidate viewpoints, which can guarantee both speed and quality.
The Pransky interview: Dr Martin Buehler, Executive R
&
D Imagineer at Walt Disney Imagineering and renowned expert in advanced robotics
Authors: Pransky Joanne
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The following article is a “Q
&
A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned successful business leader, regarding the commercialization and challenges of bringing technological inventions to market while overseeing a company. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– The interviewee is Dr Martin Buehler, Executive R
&
D Imagineer, at Walt Disney Imagineering. Dr Buehler is a global expert in robot manipulation and mobile robots and has led the innovative R
&
D and product development for some of the world’s top robot organizations. In this interview, Dr Buehler shares some of his personal and business experiences of his 25-year journey.

Findings

– Dr Buehler studied electrical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe and received the MSc and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from Yale University, and after a PostDoc at MIT’s Leglab in locomotion, he became a professor at McGill University in 1991, with tenure since 1997. His research focused on dynamic grasping, direct drive motor control and legged robots. From 2003 to 2008, Dr Buehler was Director of Robotics at Boston Dynamics, and he was Director of Research at iRobot Corporation from 2008 to 2011. He served as VP and General Manager of Hospital Robots for Vecna Technologies from 2011 to 2013 and Senior Director of R
&
D and Director, R
&
D Center Munich for Covidien from 2013-2015.

Originality/value

– Dr Buehler is best known in the academic world for his expertise in “intermittent dynamical” robotic tasks, such as dynamic manipulation and dynamically stable legged locomotion. His research led to multiple breakthroughs in legged robot projects like BigDog and RHex. In the corporate world, Buehler’s passion is to translate robotics technologies into successful product solutions. He does this by the implementation of key management strategies including Scrum and rapid and systematic experimental iteration. In addition to holding several patents, Dr Buehler is an Advisory Editorial Board member for the International Journal of Robotics Research and formerly served for ten years as the Associate Editor for the Journal of Field Robotics. Dr Buehler is a bestowed IEEE Fellow and was the recipient of the prestigious Robotics Industry Association’s 2012 Engelberger Award for Technology.
Speaking up when feeling job insecure
Authors: Schreurs Bert , Guenter Hannes , Jawahar I.M. 'Jim' , De Cuyper Nele
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which felt job insecurity facilitates or hinders employees from raising voice (i.e. speaking up to their authority). The authors introduce punishment and reward sensitivity, two constructs of reinforcement sensitivity theory, as dispositional factors that might lead employees to appraise felt job insecurity as a hindrance vs challenge stressor. The authors propose employees high on punishment sensitivity to feel more constrained in raising voice because felt job insecurity to them is akin to a threat. Employees high on reward sensitivity should see felt job insecurity as a challenge, making it more likely that they will speak up.

Design/methodology/approach

– Hypotheses were tested using moderated structural equation modeling analysis. The sample consisted of 232 employees confronted with organizational change.

Findings

– The results are in line with the view of felt job insecurity as a hindrance stressor. Felt job insecurity negatively affected voice among both high and low punishment-sensitive individuals. Similarly, felt job insecurity was negatively related to voice in both low and high reward-sensitive individuals, although in the latter group the relationship was less pronounced.

Originality/value

– The literatures on felt job insecurity and voice have developed parallel to one another, without much cross-dialogue. Furthermore, the few existing studies that did relate felt job insecurity to employee voice have yielded conflicting results. The present study offers a theoretical account of the existing ambiguities in the literature, and generates new insights into why some employees more than others react to felt job insecurity by self-censoring their ideas and opinions.
Climate, communication and participation impacting commitment to change
Authors: Rogiest Sofie , Segers Jesse , van Witteloostuijn Arjen
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– Through the combination of change process, context and content the purpose of this paper is to provide a deeper understanding of failure or success of organizational change. This study considers the effect of organizational climate on affective commitment to change simultaneously with quality change communication and employee participation during the change process, while controlling for perceived change impact.

Design/methodology/approach

– The findings are based on 134 survey responses gathered through surveys in two police forces that recently underwent a merger.

Findings

– First, quality change communication is the only process variable that directly impacts affective commitment to change. Second, the results indicate that an involvement-oriented climate positively affects affective commitment to change, mediated through quality change communication.

Originality/value

– First, the general understanding of the impact of climate on organizational change is very limited. Second, employee participation and quality change communication are generally studied together. The authors propose that both process variables each have their unique impact on attitudes toward change.
The complexity of wicked problems in large scale change
Authors: Waddock Sandra , Meszoely Greta M. , Waddell Steve , Dentoni Domenico
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to extend and elaborate the notion of successful organizational change to incorporate the concept of large system change (LSC), by developing a framework that brings together complexity and wicked problems theories to understand how individual organizations and change agents can better influence LSC.

Design/methodology/approach

– This conceptual paper integrates wicked problems and complexity theories to understand and cope with large system initiatives from the perspective of change agents in organizations, and uses the case of the electricity system as an illustrative example for these concepts.

Findings

– The paper provides implications for LSC and action steps for change agents in organizations, arguing that by understanding change initiatives through the lenses of complexity and wicked problems, change agents are likely to be more effective.

Research limitations/implications

– The integration of complexity science and wicked problems underpins the development of a comprehensive framework for creating effective LSC solutions, however, these ideas still need to be grounded in practice and empirical research.

Practical implications

– Using these ideas, change agents in organizations can enhance their influence and use the power of system dynamics to support positive action for sustainable change. This paper provides a foundation to help think through the cross-sectoral, inter-organizational, and change dynamics involved in LSC efforts needed to bring about a more sustainable, secure, and equitable world for all.

Social implications

– The world greatly needs system change; however, there is limited theory on effective LSC. This paper hopes to contribute to understanding the ways in which the difficulties of such change can be harnessed to move in positive directions with minimal disruption and greatest effectiveness.

Originality/value

– Theories of change management that position the organization in the context of a broader system and define its role in creating change do not yet articulate the nature of the problems at hand in relation to the large systems where they are embedded. This paper builds upon wicked problems and complexity theories to shed light on the role of change agents and organizations in effective transformational change.