bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functions and biosynthesis of plant signaling metabolites mediating plant–microbe interactions
Authors: Yu Jingwei , Tu Xingzhao , Huang Ancheng C.
Published: June 2022

Plants shape their associated microbiota largely by synthesizing and exuding small molecules. This review highlights their roles, biosynthetic origins, and bioengineering potentials and strategies.
Synthesis and molecular dynamics study of high-damping polyurethane elastomers based on the synergistic effect of dangling chains and dynamic bonds
Authors: Rong Haoxiang , Xu Min , Jiang Xiaolin , Lu Xun
Published: June 2022

A molecular dynamics study of a high-damping polyurethane elastomer is performed by introducing MPEG dangling chains and dynamic bonds.
Synthesis, crystal structure and in silico studies of novel 2,4-dimethoxy-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-6(7H)-ones
Authors: Patel Subham G. , Vala Ruturajsinh M. , Patel Paras J. , Upadhyay Dipti B. , Ramkumar V. , Gardas Ramesh L. , Patel Hitendra M.
Published: June 2022

Single-crystal XRD analysis of 2,4-dimethoxy THPQs and their relative reactivity with properties were investigated using DFT calculation. Molecular docking studies show they effectively docked with main protease of SARS-CoV-2.
Aggregation induced emission based fluorenes as dual-channel fluorescent probes for rapid detection of cyanide: applications of smartphones and logic gates
Authors: Majeed Shumaila , Waseem Muhammad Tahir , Junaid Hafiz Muhammad , Khan Gul Shahzada , Nawazish Shamyla , Mahmood Tariq , Khan Asad Muhammad , Shahzad Sohail Anjum
Published: June 2022

Rational modification of molecular structure by incorporating electron donating groups can play a potential role for designing aggregation induced emission (AIE) active fluorescent probes.
Recent developments in supramolecular complexes of azabenzenes containing one to four N atoms: synthetic strategies, structures, and magnetic properties
Authors: Singh Juhi , Panda Suvam Kumar , Singh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: June 2022

A summary of azabenzene-based ligands, having one to four N atoms, and their binding modes with different metals ions and magnetic properties are highlighted in this article based on recent publications.
Quantum chemical study of the reaction paths and kinetics of acetaldehyde formation on a methanol–water ice model
Authors: Ben Chouikha Islem , Kerkeni Boutheïna , Ouerfelli Ghofrane , Makroni Lily , Nyman Gunnar
Published: June 2022

Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) is ubiquitous in interstellar space and is important for astrochemistry as it can contribute to the formation of amino acids. The reaction mechanism for its formation on a methanol ice grain may involve intersystem spin crossing.
Simultaneous Raman and infrared spectroscopy: a novel combination for studying bacterial infections at the single cell level
Authors: Lima Cassio , Ahmed Shwan , Xu Yun , Muhamadali Howbeer , Parry Christopher , McGalliard Rachel J. , Carrol Enitan D. , Goodacre Royston
Published: June 2022

O-PTIR was used for simultaneous collection of infrared and Raman spectra from clinical pathogens associated with bloodstream infections.
Operando synchrotron X-ray studies of MnVOH@SWCNT nanocomposites as cathodes for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Gull Sanna , Huang Shao-Chu , Ni Chung-Sheng , Liu Shih-Fu , Lin Wei-Hsiang , Chen Han-Yi
Published: June 2022

MnVOH@SWCNTs shows a high capacity up to 381 mA h g−1 over 300 cycles. Operando XANES confirms the change in oxidation states and operando XRD shows the reversible change in the crystal structure during the cycling process.
Stretchable, conductive and porous MXene-based multilevel structured fibers for sensitive strain sensing and gas sensing
Authors: Guo Qing , Pang Weiwei , Xie Xia , Xu Yanling , Yuan Wenjing
Published: June 2022

A stretchable, conductive multilevel structured fiber was fabricated. This unique fiber architecture could offer high stretchability and low modulus similar to pure PU and address the sensitivity and sensing range contradiction in strain sensing.
Synergistic effect of spatially isolated Ni2P and NiO redox cocatalysts on g-C3N4 for sustainably boosted CO2 photocatalytic reduction
Authors: Li Qian , Feng Wenji , Liu Yiqiu , Chen Dongzhi , Wu Zhongbiao , Wang Haiqiang
Published: June 2022

The spatially isolated Ni2P and NiO dual-cocatalysts synergistically promoted CO2 photocatalytic conversion of CN, and the in situ formed Ni0 during photocatalytic reactions endowed the catalyst with sustainably efficient CO2 reduction activity.
Ultra-strong adhesive, self-healing and electroactive bio-based hydrogels for the on-demand fabrication of sandwich-inspired smart electronic sensing floors
Authors: Zou Xiaoliang , Wang Xuechuan , Gou Mengmeng , Yue Ouyang , Bai Zhongxue , Zhang Huijie , Liu Xinhua
Published: June 2022

Ultra-strong adhesive, self-healable and electroactive bio-based hydrogels (CAM-Gels) were nano-engineered as a conductive adhesive layer for the on-demand fabrication of a brand -new sandwich-inspired leather-based smart electronic sensing floor.
Air stable eco-friendly quantum dots with a light-mediated photoinitiator for an inkjet printed flexible light emitting diode
Authors: Lee Hanleem , Suh Yo-Han , Fan Xiang-Bing , Ni Limeng , Yang Jiajie , Kim Yoonwoo , Jo Jeong-Wan , Choi Hyung Woo , Jung Sung-Min , Shin Dong-Wook , Lee Sanghyo , Kim Jong Min
Published: June 2022

Large-scale printed InP RGB quantum dot (QD) light emitting diodes (QLEDs) are realised by an air-processable and stable ink with a photoinitiator (PI) mediating cross-linkage between eco-friendly QDs for next generation self-emissive display.
TTN mutations predict a poor prognosis in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Han Xiudan , Chen Jianrong , Wang Jiao , Xu Jixiong , Liu Ying
Published: June 2022

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between titin (TTN) gene mutations and thyroid cancer (THCA) and to explore the feasibility of the TTN gene as a potential prognostic indicator of THCA.

Methods: From TCGA-THCA cohort, we performed a series of analyses to evaluate the prognostic value and potential mechanism of TTN in THCA. These patients were divided into the mutant-type (MUT) group and the wild-type (WT) group. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two groups were screened using the ‘DESeq2’ R package. Functional enrichment analysis was performed, and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, transcription factor (TF)-target interaction networks, and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks were established for the DEGs. The TIMER database was applied for immune cell infiltration. Survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to analyze the potential prognostic value of the TTN gene.

Results: Differential expression analysis showed that 409 genes were significantly up-regulated and 36 genes were down-regulated. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that TTN gene mutations played a potential role in the development of THCA. Analysis of the immune microenvironment indicated that TTN gene mutations were significantly associated with enrichment of M0 macrophages. Survival analysis showed that the MUT group predicted poorer prognosis than the WT group. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that TTN gene mutations were an independent risk factor for THCA. Nomograms also confirmed the prognostic values of the TTN gene in THCA.

Conclusions In summary, our results demonstrated that TTN gene mutations predict poor prognosis in patients with THCA. This is the first study to research TTN gene mutations in THCA and to investigate their prognostic value in THCA.
E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (UBCs): drivers of ubiquitin signalling in plants
Authors: Brillada Carla , Trujillo Marco
Published: June 2022

Most research in the field of ubiquitination has focused on E3 ubiquitin ligases because they are the specificity determinants of the ubiquitination process. Nevertheless, E2s are responsible for the catalysis during ubiquitin transfer, and are therefore, at the heart of the ubiquitination process. Arabidopsis has 37 ubiquitin E2s with additional ones mediating the attachment of ubiquitin-like proteins (e.g. SUMO, Nedd8 and ATG8). Importantly, E2s largely determine the type of ubiquitin chain built, and therefore, the type of signal that decides over the fate of the modified protein, such as degradation by the proteasome (Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains) or relocalization (Lys63-linked ubiquitin chains). Moreover, new regulatory layers impinging on E2s activity, including post-translational modifications or cofactors, are emerging that highlight the importance of E2s.
Revisiting the V1309 Sco 2008 outburst spectra
Authors: Mason Elena , Shore Steven N.
Published: June 2022

Context. V1309 Sco is the only confirmed non-compact stellar merger, identified thanks to the match of its pre-outburst light curve to that of a contact binary. Therefore, anything that can be deduced from existing observations may serve as benchmark constraints for models.

Aims. We present some observational evidence to guide future hydrodynamical simulations and common envelope studies.

Methods. Using archive spectra taken at high and mid spectral resolution during the V1309 Sco outburst and late decline, together with the inferential methods we developed to study nova ejecta through panchromatic high resolution spectroscopic follow ups, we constrained the physical state, structure, dynamics, and geometry of the transient that originated in the stellar merger.

Results. We found that the emitted spectra arise from two distinct contributions: matter expelled during the 2008 outburst and circumbinary gas produced during historic mass-loss episodes. These two components are likely to exhibit orthogonal geometry, with the 2008 mass loss displaying a dust-laden bipolar ejecta produced by a time limited rapidly accelerating wind and the circumbinary gas having a donut-like shape. A central source powers them both, having produced a fluorescent light pulse, but we cannot precisely determine the time it started or its spectral energy distribution. We can, however, place its upper energy cutoff at about 54 eV and the bulk of its emission at < 20 eV. We also know that the central source turned off within months after the outburst and before the ejecta turned optically thin.
Effect of end-of production continuous lighting on yield and nutritional value of Brassicaceae microgreens
Authors: Shibaeva T G , Sherudilo E G , Rubaeva A A , Titov A F
Published: June 2022

The effect of continuous lighting applied in the end-of-production period on growth and nutritional quality of radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italic), mizuna (Brassica rapa. var. nipposinica) and arugula (Eruca sativa) was investigated in growth chambers under LED lighting. Microgreens were grown under 16 h photoperiod and 3 days before harvest half of plants were placed under continuous lighting conditions. Pre-harvest continuous lighting treatment increased yield, robustness index, and shorten time to harvest in radish, broccoli, mizuna and arugula microgreens. The end-of-production treatment has also led to higher content of compounds with antioxidative properties (flavonoids, proline) and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX, GPX) by inducing mild photooxidative stress. Increased antioxidative status added nutritional value to microgreens that can be used as functional foods providing health benefits. Pre-harvest treatment by continuous lighting is suggested as the practice than can allow producers to increase yield, aesthetic appeal, nutritional quality, and market value of Brassicacea microgreens.
A comparative study between feedforward control and iterative learning control for trajectory tracking of Delta robot
Authors: Boudjedir Chems Eddine , Boukhetala Djamel , Bouri Mohamed
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a comparative study between feedforward control (FF) and iterative learning control (ILC) with application to a parallel Delta robot performing repetitive trajectory. In order to improve the tracking trajectory of the Delta robot, a model-based feedforward compensation combined with the proportional derivative (PD) controller is introduced. As the Delta robot is affected by important frictions that are not taken into account in the dynamic model, the performance of the FF can be degraded considerably. To overcome these issues, a model-free control represented by the PD-type ILC controller is used instead the FF compensation. Experimental results show that the two strategies can ensure good tracking performance with better accuracy of ILC.
Hybrid Threats against Industry 4.0: Adversarial Training of Resilience
Authors: Kaikova Olena , Terziyan Vagan , Tiihonen Timo , Golovianko Mariia , Gryshko Svitlana , Titova Liudmyla
Published: June 2022

Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing are associated with the Cyber-Physical-Social Systems populated and controlled by the Collective Intelligence (human and artificial). They are an important component of Critical Infrastructure and they are essential for the functioning of a society and economy. Hybrid Threats nowadays target critical infrastructure and particularly vulnerabilities associated with both human and artificial intelligence. This article summarizes some latest studies of WARN: “Academic Response to Hybrid Threats” (the Erasmus+ project), which aim for the resilience (regarding hybrid threats) of various Industry 4.0 architectures and, especially, of the human and artificial decision-making within Industry 4.0 processes. This study discovered certain analogy between (cognitive) resilience of human and artificial intelligence against cognitive hacks (special adversarial hybrid activity) and suggested the approaches to train the resilience with the special adversarial training techniques. The study also provides the recommendations for higher education institutions on adding such training and related courses to their various programs. The specifics of related courses would be as follows: their learning objectives and related intended learning outcomes are not an update of personal knowledge, skills, beliefs or values (traditional outcomes) but the robustness and resilience of the already available ones.
Perspectives on the reducing CO2 emissions of gas-based DRI in steelmaking
Authors: Mittal Damodar , Kundoo Jayanta Kumar , Bisen Ajay Kumar , Tiwari Hari Prakash
Published: June 2022

The economics of the gas-based DRI unit depends on various factors, viz., quality and cost of the raw materials, reducing agents, operational efficiency and CO2 emission. Natural gas and synthetic gas (produced from coal gasification) are used as reductants in gas-based direct reduction processes. In the present study, the authors have developed a methodology for utilizing surplus or waste coke oven gas in place of syngas and thereby reducing the consumption of coal in the gasifier to produce a little bit greener steel. In this process, the syngas is enriched by mixing of adequate quantity of clean coke oven gas before entering the reduction furnace. Consequently, syngas consumption decreases and thereby reduces the coal requirement in the gasifier to produce the syngas, which helps decrease the CO2 emissions for eco-friendly steelmaking for a sustainable future. Results confirmed that coke oven gas (COG) is a good substitute for syngas. It has successfully replaced the syngas 1.18 times, i.e., 56,000 Nm3/h COG is replacing 66,000 Nm3/h syngas without affecting the DRI productivity. Subsequently, 1.8 times costlier syngas requirement reduces significantly in the DRI unit. This reduction of syngas reduces coal consumption, which directly decreases the CO2 emission in DRI production. Hence, the invented methodology in the existing syngas DRI plant reduces the DRI production cost by 860 INR/t, thereby reducing CO2 emissions by ∼300 kg/t. The developed technology was successfully implemented in the 1.8 MTPA gas-based DRI unit at Jindal Steel & Power Limited.
Kieferorthopädische Retention bei Patienten mit parodontaler
Vorerkrankung
Authors: Hennig Christoph-Ludwig , Schulze-Späte Ulrike , Noeke Felix , Jacobs Collin
Published: June 2022

Nach Beenden der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung ist es essenziell
wichtig, das Ergebnis zu retinieren, um die erreichte Zahnposition zu
stabilisieren. Zunehmend werden erwachsene Patienten kieferorthopädisch
behandelt. Ursache der Zahnfehlstellung liegt bei diesen Patienten
häufig in einer vorangegangenen Parodontalerkrankung. Dies erfordert
teilweise ein anderes Vorgehen und Behandlungsprotokoll während der
kieferorthopädischen Therapie. Für die Retention des
kieferorthopädischen Behandlungsergebnisses werden herausnehmbare
Zahnspangen und/oder festsitzende Retainer verwendet. Die festsitzenden
Retainer bieten eine patientenunabhängige Life-Long-Retention. Eine
korrekte Retention bei Patienten mit Parodontalerkrankungen nach abgeschlossener
kieferorthopädischer Behandlung soll das Behandlungsergebnis dauerhaft
stabilisieren. So kann durch die richtige Wahl des Retentionsgerätes
durch einen Fachzahnarzt für Kieferorthopädie das
kieferorthopädische und parodontale Behandlungsergebnis stabilisiert
werden und das Voranschreiten von Parodontopathien durch eine
interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit vermieden werden.
Orthodontische Korrektur mit Alignerschienen im parodontal
geschädigten Gebiss
Authors: Radlanski Ralf Johannes , Dommisch Henrik
Published: June 2022

Anhand einer orthodontischen Behandlung mit Alignerschienen nach Zahnwanderung im
parodontal geschädigten Gebiss wird diskutiert, ob mit Alignerschienen,
die mindestens 22 Stunden täglich im Mund zu tragen sind,
ungünstige Einflüsse auf die Parodontalgesundheit zu erwarten
sind. Die Literatur zeigt, dass zwar auch mit Multibracketapparaturen eine
ausreichend gute Mundhygiene erreicht werden kann, aber für die
Patienten mit Alignerschienen liegt ein Vorteil in der Tatsache, dass die
Behandlungsgeräte für eine selbstständige und
professionelle gründliche Zahn- und Mundreinigung vollständig
herausgenommen werden können. Dieser Mundhygienevorteil wird durch
Studien überwiegend bestätigt. Eine erfolgreich abgeschlossene
Therapie der Parodontitis (Stufe 1–3) ist eine uneingeschränkte
Voraussetzung für jegliche kieferorthopädische Therapie.
Umsetzungsstrategien einer diversitätssensiblen
Gesundheitsversorgung und Unternehmensführung – Eine bundesweite
postalische Befragung von Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
Authors: Aksakal Tuğba , Erdsiek Fabian , Yılmaz-Aslan Yüce , Mader Maria , Padberg Dennis , Razum Oliver , Brzoska Patrick
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund Verschiedene Diversitätsmerkmale, wie beispielsweise
eine Behinderung, das Geschlecht, das Alter oder ein Migrationshintergrund,
gehen mit unterschiedlichen Versorgungserwartungen und -bedürfnissen
einher. Werden diese in der Gesundheitsversorgung, einschließlich der
Rehabilitation, nicht berücksichtigt, kann das die
Versorgungszufriedenheit und den Behandlungserfolg negativ beeinflussen.
Diversitätssensibilität kann die Nutzerorientierung in der
Versorgung erhöhen und somit helfen, den vielfältigen
Versorgungsbedürfnissen und -erwartungen Rechnung zu tragen. Ziel der
vorliegenden Studie ist es zu untersuchen, welche Maßnahmen
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Deutschland nutzen, um eine
diversitätssensible Versorgung anzubieten und welche möglichen
Hindernisse bei der Umsetzung entsprechender Maßnahmen wahrgenommen
werden.

Methodik Zwischen Mai und August 2019 wurden Verwaltungsleitungen aller
stationären Rehabilitationseinrichtungen zur Teilnahme an einer
bundesweiten postalischen Fragebogenerhebung eingeladen (n=1233). Der
Fragebogen umfasste Fragen zum Umgang mit den Diversitätsmerkmalen von
Mitarbeitenden und Rehabilitand*innen. Es lagen Antworten von insgesamt
223 stationären Rehabilitationseinrichtungen vor (Rücklaufquote:
18,9%). Die Daten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Einrichtungsbefragung zeigt auf, dass
Diversitätssensibilität für viele
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen ein relevantes Thema ist.
Diversitätssensibilität sei besonders von Bedeutung für
die Zufriedenheit der Versorgungsnutzer*innen, die Zufriedenheit der
Mitarbeitenden und den Behandlungserfolg von Rehabilitand*innen.
Hindernisse bei der Umsetzung einer diversitätssensiblen Versorgung
seien fehlende Anreize der Versorgungsträger, fehlende finanzielle
Ressourcen und organisatorische Schwierigkeiten.

Diskussion Die Mehrheit der befragten Verwaltungsleitungen erkennt die
Relevanz einer diversitätssensiblen Versorgung an, Instrumente zur
Umsetzung dieser kommen allerdings nur selten und unsystematisch zum Einsatz.
Zur Förderung von Diversitätssensibilität
benötigen Gesundheitseinrichtungen Unterstützung bei der
Kompetenzbildung und bei der Auswahl und Implementierung geeigneter
Maßnahmen. Eine Handreichung mit praxisnahen Anleitungen zur Umsetzung
einer diversitätssensiblen Versorgung kann hierfür eine
Grundlage bieten.
Lean Mass, Muscle Strength, and Muscle Quality in Retired Rugby
Players: The UK Rugby Health Project
Authors: Entwistle Ian , Francis Peter , Lees Matthew , Hume Patria , Hind Karen
Published: June 2022

Although athletes from sports such as rugby have greater lean mass and strength
during their playing careers, little is known about these characteristics
post-retirement. Therefore, this study investigated lean mass, strength, and
muscle quality in retired elite and amateur rugby players and non-contact
athletes. Retired elite male rugby players (n=42,
43.9±10.3 y; 101.1±13.4 kg;
1.82±0.09 m), amateur rugby players (n=46,
48.0±10.5 y; 98.9±16.6 kg;
1.79±0.07 m) and non-contact athletes (n=30,
51.3±12.5 y; 91.3±13.4 kg;
1.79±0.07 m) received one total body dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry assessment of appendicular lean mass (ALM) and ALM index (ALMI).
Grip strength was measured, and muscle quality (grip strength/unit of
arm lean mass) was calculated. Sarcopenia was identified as
ALMI<7.23 kg/m2 and handgrip
strength<37.2 kg. Total lean mass, ALM and grip strength were
greater in the elite rugby compared to amateur rugby and non-contact groups
(p<0.01). There were no significant differences in muscle quality or
sarcopenia prevalence. Retired elite rugby players had greater lean mass and
grip strength than amateur rugby and non-contact athletes, although muscle
quality was similar. The greater lean mass and strength might reflect genetic
influences or previous participation in a highly physical sport.
Statuserfassung des Radiojodtests im klinischen Alltag in Deutschland 2021
Authors: Akbarzadeh Taghavi Paniz , Fabiunke Tobias , Brenner Winfried
Published: June 2022

Ziel Die zu applizierende Aktivität für die Radiojodtherapie benigner Schilddrüsenerkrankungen wird gemäß Richtlinie Strahlenschutz in der Medizin bei jedem/jeder Patient*in mittels Radiojodtests (RJT) ermittelt. Ziel ist die Erfassung der unterschiedlichen Parameter des RJT.

Methodik Es wurde ein webbasierter Fragebogen über die DGN an alle nuklearmedizinischen Stationen in Deutschland versandt. Abgefragt wurden Parameter zu Tracer und Aktivität, Art der Sondenmessung, Anzahl und Zeitpunkt der Messungen, Verwendung fixer effektiver Halbwertszeiten (eHWZ), Berechnungsmodell und Herddosen. Außerdem wurde um eine Einschätzung einer kontinuierlichen Messung des Schilddrüsen-Jod-Uptakes über 7 Tage (tragbares Jod-Messsystem) gebeten.

Ergebnisse 38 von 94 Einrichtungen beantworteten den Fragebogen. Es fanden sich große Unterschiede in der Durchführung bei den Parametern Anzahl und Zeitpunkt der Messungen, Abstand Sonde-Patient, Verwendung fixer krankheitsspezifischer eHWZ und Herddosis. Auffällig ist, dass trotz neuer Handlungsempfehlung der DGN und DIN 6861–1 noch 74% der Einrichtungen die Marinelli-Formel aus der Empfehlung von 1998 nutzen. Nur 8% haben auf das Zwei-Kompartment-Modell umgestellt. 84% der Befragten erwarten, dass eine kontinuierliche Messung zu einer Verbesserung der Berechnung der zu applizierenden Aktivität führen wird, jedoch nur 57% erwarten dadurch eine Verbesserung des Therapieergebnisses.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Methodik des RJT in Deutschland ist heterogen und beruht bei den meisten Einrichtungen trotz neuer Handlungsempfehlungen noch auf dem Marinelli-Verfahren. Eine kontinuierliche Messung der Jodkinetik mithilfe eines tragbaren Messsystems könnte neben den neueren Berechnungsalgorithmen zu einer weiteren Verbesserung des Radiojodtestes führen
Adjuvante Instillationstherapie des nicht muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinoms – neue Optionen abseits von BCG und Mitomycin
Authors: Gakis Georgios
Published: June 2022

Aufgrund der eingeschränkten Wirksamkeit der passiven Applikationsweise von BCG und
Mitomycin-C (MMC) und in den letzten Jahren bestehenden BCG-Lieferengpässen ist eine
Verbesserung der onkologischen Ergebnisse der adjuvanten Instillationstherapie beim
nicht muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinom (NMIBC) durch Entwicklung neuartiger
Instillationsubstanzen und Applikationsweisen erforderlich.

Gemcitabin ist als generisch verfügbare Substanz in zahlreichen randomisierten Studien in
den verschiedenen Risikokonstellationen untersucht worden und zeigt insbesondere im
BCG-unresponsiven Stadium ein verbessertes rezidivfreies Überleben im Vergleich zur
BCG-Rechallenge und MMC. Eine neuartige Instillationsform stellt das
Gemcitabin-intravesical-releasing system (GemRIS) dar, welches in der Kombination mit dem
systemisch wirksamen Checkpointinhibitor Cetrelimab in derzeit anlaufenden klinischen Studien
getestet wird. Hyperthermes intravesikales MMC (HIVEC), welches extrakorporal erwärmt und in
die Blase zirkuliert, führt zu einer Konzentrationssteigerung von MMC in der Blasenwand und
wird im Rahmen klinischer Studie bereits getestet. Nadofaragene firadenovec (rAd-IFN-α/Syn3)
ist ein rekombinantes Adenovirus zur Steigerung der Interferon-alpha-Konzentration im Urothel
und bietet erstmalig die Möglichkeit eine intravesikale Gentherapie für die urologischen
Praxis zu etablieren. Daten aus einer aktuellen Phase-III Studie legen im BCG-unresponsiven
Stadium eine höhere Wirksamkeit bei günstigerem Nebenwirkungsprofil im Vergleich zu Studien
mit einer PD-(L)1-Monotherapie nahe. Opportuzumab monatox ist ein rekombinantes
Fusionsprotein, welche nach EpCAM-Binding zu einer Freisetzung von Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Exotoxin führt, welches hiernach einen zytotoxischen Zellschaden einleitet. N-803 ist ein
Interleukin (IL)-15 Superagonist, welcher im Kombination mit BCG in einer Phase Ib Studie ein
dauerhaftes komplettes Ansprechen über 72 Monate bei 9 intermediate/high-risk Patienten
zeigte und bereits 2019 eine Vorabzulassung durch die FDA erhalten hat.
Exceeding the Limits of Static Cold Storage in Limb Transplantation Using Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
Authors: Goutard Marion , de Vries Reinier J. , Tawa Pierre , Pendexter Casie A. , Rosales Ivy A. , Tessier Shannon N. , Burlage Laura C. , Lantieri Laurent , Randolph Mark A. , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Cetrulo Jr Curtis L. , Uygun Korkut
Published: June 2022

Background For 50 years, static cold storage (SCS) has been the gold standard for solid organ preservation in transplantation. Although logistically convenient, this preservation method presents important constraints in terms of duration and cold ischemia-induced lesions. We aimed to develop a machine perfusion (MP) protocol for recovery of vascularized composite allografts (VCA) after static cold preservation and determine its effects in a rat limb transplantation model.

Methods Partial hindlimbs were procured from Lewis rats and subjected to SCS in Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate solution for 0, 12, 18, 24, and 48 hours. They were then either transplanted (Txp), subjected to subnormothermic machine perfusion (SNMP) for 3 hours with a modified Steen solution, or to SNMP + Txp. Perfusion parameters were assessed for blood gas and electrolytes measurement, and flow rate and arterial pressures were monitored continuously. Histology was assessed at the end of perfusion. For select SCS durations, graft survival and clinical outcomes after transplantation were compared between groups at 21 days.

Results Transplantation of limbs preserved for 0, 12, 18, and 24-hour SCS resulted in similar survival rates at postoperative day 21. Grafts cold-stored for 48 hours presented delayed graft failure (p = 0.0032). SNMP of limbs after 12-hour SCS recovered the vascular resistance, potassium, and lactate levels to values similar to limbs that were not subjected to SCS. However, 18-hour SCS grafts developed significant edema during SNMP recovery. Transplantation of grafts that had undergone a mixed preservation method (12-hour SCS + SNMP + Txp) resulted in better clinical outcomes based on skin clinical scores at day 21 post-transplantation when compared to the SCS + Txp group (p = 0.01613).

Conclusion To date, VCA MP is still limited to animal models and no protocols are yet developed for graft recovery. Our study suggests that ex vivo SNMP could help increase the preservation duration and limit cold ischemia-induced injury in VCA transplantation.
Gender Affirmation in India—The Current State of Knowledge, Management, Legal and Legislative Situation
Authors: Gupta Richie
Published: June 2022

A mismatch between the birth sex of a person and psychological recognition of self (gender) leads to a gender expression, which is at variance with the societal norms, and thus gives rise to gender incongruence (GI). In the past few years, there has been a significant change in demographics, understanding of etiology, management, laws and legislations in the field of GI. The authors, who have been performing gender affirmative surgeries (GAS) since the past 27 years, present their experience in gender affirmation together with the current state of knowledge. Recent studies report a significant rise in prevalence of GI, which is similar to the experience of author and other large volume Gender identity clinics in India and worldwide. This article endeavors to provide the medical professional with the current state of knowledge in the field of GI, so that they are better equipped to optimally manage these patients.
Serum Irisin Levels and Its Relationship with Spasticity Severity in Chronic Stroke Patients
Authors: Kaydok Ercan , Sari Ismail , Erşan Serpil , Küçük Esin Benli
Published: June 2022

Objective Irisin is a myokine released from muscles by exercise and it has been shown to be a prognostic indicator in acute stroke patients. However, irisin's relationship with the chronic phase of stroke and spasticity has not been studied yet. We aimed to determine the serum level of irisin to examine its relationship with the functional status and severity of spasticity in patients with chronic stroke, and to compare these with healthy controls.

Materials and Methods A total of 70 (35 chronic stroke and 35 control patients) patients were included in the study. The blood serum irisin levels of the patients and the controls were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, their functional status was evaluated with the modified Rankin scale (mRS), and spasticity severity using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS).

Results The mean serum irisin levels of the stroke and the control groups were 6.20 ± 2.2 and 5.45 ± 2.3, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the serum level of irisin and the severity of spasticity and functional status, assessed by the mRS in stroke patients.

Conclusion These results showed that irisin levels in chronic stroke patients were similar to controls, and there was no relationship between the severity of spasticity and functional status and irisin level.
In Vitro Production of Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Aspergillus Isolates from Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Bavadharani Sukumar , Premamalini Thayanidhi , Karthika Kanagasabapathi , Kindo Anupma Jyoti
Published: June 2022

Objectives This study was aimed to investigate the association between virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility pattern among Aspergillus species.

Materials and Methods This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, from May 2018 to June 2019. A total of 52 Aspergillus isolates obtained from various clinical samples were speciated based on microscopic identification by lacto phenol cotton blue (LPCB) mount and slide culture technique. The production virulence factors such as biofilm, lipase, phospholipase, amylase, and hemolysin were detected using standard phenotypic methods with Aspergillus niger ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 6275 as the control strain. Antifungal susceptibility patterns of all Aspergillus isolates to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole were evaluated in line with the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 guidelines.

Results The percentage of resistance was the highest in itraconazole (48.08%), followed by amphotericin B (28.85%) and voriconazole (9.62%). All amphotericin B-resistant isolates produced biofilm, itraconazole-resistant isolates exhibited phospholipase activity, and voriconazole-resistant isolates produced biofilm and demonstrated phospholipase and hemolytic activities. Regardless of the virulence factors produced, all isolates were susceptible to posaconazole.

Conclusion Understanding the relationship between virulence factors and antifungal resistance aids in the development of new therapeutic approaches involving virulence mechanisms as potential targets for effective antifungal drug development.
Rolandic Cortex Morphology: Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Three-Dimensional Cerebral Reconstruction Study and Intraoperative Usefulness
Authors: Bunyaratavej Krishnapundha , Wangsawatwong Piyanat
Published: June 2022

Background During brain surgery, the neurosurgeon must be able to identify and avoid injury to the Rolandic cortex. However, when only a small part of the cortex is exposed, it may be difficult to identify the Rolandic cortex with certainty. Despite various advanced methods to identify it, visual recognition remains an important backup for neurosurgeons. The aim of the study was to find any specific morphology pattern that may help to identify the Rolandic cortex intraoperatively.

Materials and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain from patients with various conditions was used to create the three-dimensional cerebral reconstruction images. A total of 216 patients with 371 intact hemispheres were included. Each image was inspected to note the morphology of the Rolandic cortex and the suprasylvian cortex. Additionally, other two evaluators exclusively inspected the morphology of the suprasylvian cortex. Their observation results were compared to find the agreements.

Results Several distinctive morphology patterns have been identified at the Rolandic cortex and the suprasylvian cortex including a genu, or a knob at the upper precentral gyrus, an angulation of the lower postcentral gyrus, a strip for pars opercularis, a rectangle for the lower precentral gyrus, and a triangle for the lower postcentral gyrus. Combined total and partial agreement of the suprasylvian cortex morphology pattern ranged from 60.4 to 85.2%.

Conclusion The authors have demonstrated the distinctive morphology of the Rolandic cortex and the suprasylvian cortex. This information can provide visual guidance to identify the Rolandic cortex particularly during surgery with limited exposure.
A taxa de remoção do sistema Tomofix® após a osteotomia tibial alta é superior à relatada
Authors: Yildirim Kerem , Beyzadeoglu Tahsin
Published: June 2022

Objetivo A osteotomia tibial alta com cunha de abertura medial (MOWHTO, do inglês medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy) alivia de forma significativa a dor na linha articular medial em casos de osteoartrite do compartimento medial do joelho. Alguns pacientes, porém, se queixam de dor nos tendões dos músculos sartório, grácil e semitendinoso (pata de ganso) mesmo 1 ano após a osteotomia, o que pode exigir a remoção do implante. Este estudo define a taxa de remoção do implante após a MOWHTO devido à dor nos tendões dos músculos sartório, grácil e semitendinoso.

Métodos Cento e três joelhos de 72 pacientes submetidos à MOWHTO para tratamento da osteoartrite do compartimento medial entre 2010 e 2018 foram incluídos no estudo. A pontuação de desfecho de lesão no joelho e osteoartrite (KOOS, do inglês Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), a pontuação de joelho de Oxford (OKS, do inglês Oxford Knee Score) e a escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor na linha articular medial do joelho (EVA-MJ) foram avaliados antes da cirurgia. A EVA nos tendões dos músculos sartório, grácil e semitendinoso (EVA-PA) foi adicionada a essas avaliações, também realizadas 12 meses após o procedimento e, a seguir, anualmente. A remoção do implante foi recomendada em pacientes com EVA-PA ≥ 40 e consolidação óssea adequada em 12 meses.

Resultados Trinta e três (45,8%) pacientes eram homens e 39 (54,2%), mulheres. A média de idade foi de 49,4 ± 8,0, e o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) médio foi de 27,0 ± 2,9. O sistema placa-parafuso tibial medial Tomofix (DePuy Synthes, Raynham, MA, EUA) foi utilizado em todos os casos. Três (2,8%) casos foram excluídos devido ao retardo de consolidação e à necessidade de revisão. Os resultados nas escalas KOOS, OKS e EVA-MJ melhoraram significativamente 12 meses após a MOWHTO. A EVA-PA média foi de 38,3 ± 23,9. A remoção do implante para alívio da dor foi necessária em 65 (63,1%) dos 103 joelhos. Três meses após a remoção do implante, a EVA-PA média diminuiu para 4,5 ± 5,6 (p < 0,0001).

Conclusão A remoção do implante pode ser necessária em mais de 60% dos pacientes para alívio da dor nos tendões dos músculos sartório, grácil e semitendinoso após a MOWHTO. Os candidatos à MOWHTO devem ser informados sobre esta complicação e sua resolução.
The Endoscopic-Assisted Supraorbital Approach for Resection of Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas: A Large Single-Center Retrospective Surgical Study
Authors: Serrano Sponton Lucas , Oehlschlaegel Florian , Nimer Amr , Schwandt Eike , Glaser Martin , Archavlis Eleftherios , Conrad Jens , Kantelhardt Sven , Ayyad Ali
Published: June 2022

Objective The endoscopic-assisted supraorbital approach (eSOA) constitutes a minimally invasive strategy for removing anterior skull base meningiomas (ASBM). We present the largest retrospective single-institution and long-term follow-up study of eSOA for ASBM resection, providing further insight regarding indication, surgical considerations, complications, and outcome.

Methods We evaluated data of 176 patients operated on ASBM via the eSOA over 22 years.

Results Sixty-five tuberculum sellae (TS), 36 anterior clinoid (AC), 28 olfactory groove (OG), 27 planum sphenoidale, 11 lesser sphenoid wing, seven optic sheath, and two lateral orbitary roof meningiomas were assessed. Median surgery duration was 3.35 ± 1.42 hours, being significantly longer for OG and AC meningiomas (p <0.05). Complete resection was achieved in 91%. Complications included hyposmia (7.4%), supraorbital hypoesthesia (5.1%), cerebrospinal fluid fistula (5%), orbicularis oculi paresis (2.8%), visual disturbances (2.2%), meningitis (1.7%) and hematoma and wound infection (1.1%). One patient died due to intraoperative carotid injury, other due to pulmonary embolism. Median follow-up was 4.8 years with a tumor recurrence rate of 10.8%. Second surgery was chosen in 12 cases (10 via the previous SOA and two via pterional approach), whereas two patients received radiotherapy and in five patients a wait-and-see strategy was adopted.

Conclusion The eSOA represents an effective option for ASBM resection, enabling high complete resection rates and long-term disease control. Neuroendoscopy is fundamental for improving tumor resection while reducing brain and optic nerve retraction. Potential limitations and prolonged surgical duration may arise from the small craniotomy and reduced maneuverability, especially for large or strongly adherent lesions.
Is it Necessary to Evaluate Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women? A Scoping Review
Authors: Imakawa Cibele Santini Oliveira , Nadai Mariane Nunes , Reis Monica , Quintana Silvana Maria , Moises Elaine Christine Dantas
Published: June 2022

Objective To review concepts, definitions, and findings about fear of childbirth (FOC).

Methods A bibliographic review was carried out through the main scientific databases in 2020.

Results All 32 articles considered potentially relevant were analyzed. A recent study suggests that the global prevalence of FOC can reach up to 14%. Factors such as parity, gestational age, previous birth experience, age and nationality of the woman seem to influence FOC.

Conclusion Fear of childbirth could be related to an increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes such as maternal request for cesarean delivery, preterm birth, prolonged labor, postpartum depression, and post-traumatic stress. These evidence highlight the importance of the discussion regarding this topic.
Two-layer network model of public goods games with intervention and corruption
Authors: Shi Zhenyu , Wei Wei , Li Baifeng , Li Chao , Li Haibin , Zheng Zhiming
Published: June 2022

Public goods games are widely used to model social dilemmas involving multiple agents. Though defection is the only rational choice for an individual in a public goods game, cooperative behavior is observed in a variety of social dilemmas, which is the subject of our research. Punishing defectors has been shown to be an effective mechanism for promoting cooperation, but it relies on the third-party umpire being fair. In this article, an umpire intervention model with corruption is proposed to explore the impact of corruption on punishment mechanisms. In our model, players and umpires operate in a multilayer network. The players play public goods games, which are overseen by umpires. Fair umpires punish defectors, whereas corrupt umpires take bribes from defectors rather than meting out a punishment. We separately explore the effects of the fraction of fair umpires ρf, the spatial distribution, and the fine cost α and bribe cost β. Our Monte Carlo simulation shows that the above factors have a significant impact on cooperation. Intervention by an umpire always improves social efficiency, even for an entirely corrupt system. Moreover, relatively developed systems can resist corruption. Staggered and centralized distributions always have opposite effects on cooperative behavior, and these effects depend on ρf and r. We also find that whether cooperators fully occupy the player layer depends only on whether β reaches a certain threshold.
Linien: A versatile, user-friendly, open-source FPGA-based tool for frequency stabilization and spectroscopy parameter optimization
Authors: Wiegand B. , Leykauf B. , Jördens R. , Krutzik M.
Published: June 2022

We present a user-friendly and versatile tool for laser frequency stabilization. Its main focus is spectroscopy locking, but the software is suitable for lock-in techniques in general as well as bare proportional–integral–derivative (PID) operation. Besides allowing for sinusoidal modulation (up to 50 MHz), triangular ramp scanning, in-phase and quadrature demodulation (1–5 f), infinite impulse response, and PID filtering, Linien features two different algorithms for automatic lock point selection; one of them performs time-critical tasks completely on field-programmable gate arrays. Linien is capable of autonomously optimizing spectroscopy parameters by means of machine learning and can measure the error signal’s power spectral density. The software is built in a modular way, providing both a graphical user interface as well as a Python scripting interface. It is based on the RedPitaya STEMLab platform but may be ported to different systems.
Large piezoelectric and elastic properties in B and Sc codoped wurtzite AlN
Authors: Jing Huirong , Wang Yaowei , Wen Qiuhao , Cai Xiaomeng , Liu Ke , Li Weimin , Zhu Lei , Li Xin , Zhu Hong
Published: June 2022

Balancing the piezoelectric stress coefficient (e33) and the elastic constant (C33) of AlN-based materials is challenging but crucial for its application in bulk acoustic wave resonators. In this work, via first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that e33 and C33 can be simultaneously enhanced by adding boron (B) in the ScxAl1−xN system. Compared with ScxAl1−xN, the large C33 in B0.125Scx−0.125Al1−xN is caused by the shorter and stiffer B–N bonds, and the enhancement of e33 mainly comes from a larger sensitivity of atomic coordinates with respect to the strain (|du/dε|). Further investigation shows that the introduction of B in ScxAl1−xN significantly decreases the ratio of lattice parameter c over a due to the planar coordination preference of bulk BN, which is accompanied by an increased average |du/dε| and e33. Such a negative correlation can be attributed to the fact that |du/dε| of N is proportional to the asymmetry of transversal bond strengths but inversely proportional to the overall average bond strengths around N atoms. Such a bonding character observed in this work could be beneficial to the design of wurtzite materials with large piezoelectric coefficients and high elastic constants.
Melting of crystallites in a solid porous matrix and the application limits of the Gibbs–Thomson equation
Authors: Lazarenko M. M. , Zabashta Yu. F. , Alekseev A. N. , Yablochkova K. S. , Ushcats M. V. , Dinzhos R. V. , Vergun L. Yu. , Andrusenko D. A. , Bulavin L. A.
Published: June 2022

A thermodynamic model is proposed to describe the melting of lamellar crystallite in a solid medium. This model includes a modification of the Gibbs–Thomson equation to make it applicable to the above-mentioned crystallites. The need for such modification is supported experimentally by studying the impact of the surroundings on the melting point of the crystallites. In particular, the application of the model to nanocrystals in open-porous systems makes it possible to determine the analytical relations for the melting point, the heat of melting, and the inverse effective size of the pores. The fitting of the experimental data with these functional relations then allows for the calculation of the nanocrystalline density, pressure in the nanocrystal, and difference in the surface tension coefficients at the nanocrystal–matrix interface and melt–matrix interface, as well as the difference in the surface entropies per unit area at the nanocrystal–matrix and melt–matrix interfaces.
Effect of Ca2+ binding states of calmodulin on the conformational dynamics and force responses of myosin lever arm
Authors: Wu Yichao , Zhang Yangyang , Xu Xiulian , Wang Wei
Published: June 2022

The mechanochemical coupling and biological function of myosin motors are regulated by Ca2+ concentrations. As one of the regulation pathways, Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change of the light chain calmodulin and its binding modes with a myosin lever arm, which can affect the stiffness of the lever arm and force transmission. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the Ca2+ regulated stiffness change is not fully understood. Here, we study the effect of Ca2+ binding on the conformational dynamics and stiffness of the myosin VIIa lever arm bound with a calmodulin by performing molecular dynamics simulations and dynamic correlation network analysis. The results showed that the calmodulin bound lever arm at an apo state can sample three different conformations. In addition to the conformation observed in a crystal structure, a calmodulin bound lever arm at the apo condition can also adopt other two conformations featured by different extents of small-angle bending of the lever arm. However, large-angle bending is strongly prohibited. Such results suggest that the calmodulin bound lever arm without Ca2+ binding is plastic for small-angle deformation but shows high stiffness for large-angle deformation. In comparison, after the binding of Ca2+, although the calmodulin bound lever arm is locally more rigid, it can adopt largely deformed or even unfolded conformations, which may render the lever arm incompetent for force transmission. The conformational plasticity of the lever arm for small-angle deformation at the apo condition may be used as a force buffer to prevent the lever arm from unfolding during the power stroke action of the motor domain.