bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Backpropagation untuk Mengidentifikasi Jenis Tanaman Mengkudu berdasarkan Tekstur Buah
Authors: Habbibie Muhammad Jurnalies
Published: November 2021

Tanaman mengkudu merupakan tanaman yang banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan herbal. Tanaman mengkudu mempunyai berbagai jenis. Mengkudu mempunyai jenis buah yang beracun untuk membedakan tergolong sulit karena buah mengkudu mempunyai tekstur kesamaan dari segi buah.Identifikasi jenis buah mengkudu menggunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan backpropagation berdasarkan tekstur buah untuk itu mengidentifikasi jenis mengkudu agar bisa membedakan mana yang jenis buah mengkudu tidak beracun dan beracun. Ciri yang digunakan meliputi dari segi homogenitas, energi, entropi, dan kontras. Hasil dari proses pengujian memperoleh nilai angka akurasi sebesar 86% pada hasil uji JST jarak 10 cm MSE 1e-10.
Rancangan Desain Data Warehouse Kunjungan Wisatawan Ke Bali Baw Tour & Travel
Authors: Sari Ratna , Pratama I Putu Agus Eka
Published: November 2021

This business development in the globalized era provoked fierce competition especially with the application of it to support his daily process especially in data management, therefore, the BAW Tour & Travel needs a system for data processing so that data can be stored and integrated with each other or what's called data warehouse and followed by other regulatory ETL, OLAP methods in analysis and quick decision-making. Using the data warehouse can figure out a spike in visitors' visits so it can predict people to be able to predict the number of guides during a month in case there's a spike that reduces anyone's denial of acceptance on the grounds of lack of a guide and to booked a motel because it's already full.
Perancangan Data Warehouse Untuk Prediksi Penjualan Pada Orba Express Menggunakan Pentaho
Authors: Pratama I Putu Agus Eka , Widhiasih Ni Putu Nirmala Dewi
Published: November 2021

The Data Warehouse is a large data Storage facility or something called a Data Warehouse. The human work that requires so much data makes it harder to do it by hand. Such large amounts of data then hinder one from managing the data and predicting the products that are so popular by consumers that they decide to store them in the Data Warehouse. The Data Warehouse is the solution to the problem to predict a sale of a product. The Data Warehouse is a system that can extract, clean, adapt, and send a source of data into a data Storage or Data Warehouse which then implement through tools Pentaho in order to be able to analyze data. The purpose of the Data Warehouse design was to be able to mitigate shop owners' efforts on decision-making, like deciding what products sell to stock stores so they can reduce the stores' built-up.

 

Keywords: Data Warehouse, Storage, Pentaho.
Perlindungan Hukum Warisan Budaya Takbenda dan Penerapannya di Indonesia
Authors: Purba Eva Juliana , Putra Akbar Kurnia , Ardianto Budi
Published: November 2021

Budaya tidak berwujud merupakan warisan budaya dari leluhur yang diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi dimana sangat bernilai dan memiliki daya guna yang tinggi, oleh karenanya sangat penting untuk dilindungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana Perlindungan Hukum terhadap budaya tidak berwujud benda yang diatur dalam Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003 serta mengetahui upaya yang perlu dirumuskan oleh Indonesia untuk melindungi budaya tidak berwujud tersebut dalam kerangka penerapan Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003. Permasalahan terkait hal ini yaitu perlindungan hukum mengenai warisan budaya tak berwujud benda di Indonesia melalui sistem hukum yang berlaku positif di Indonesia belum mampu secara maksimal, belum optimal dan unikatif dalam memberikan perlindungannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dimana penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka terkait Perlindungan hukum terhadap budaya tidak berwujud berdasarkan Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003 dan Penerapannya di Indonesia. Berdasarakan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan perlindungan terhadap budaya tidak berwujud sudah diatur dalam Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003 serta Peraturan Menteri dan Kebudayaan  Nomor 106 Tahun 2013 Tentang Warisan Budaya Takbenda. Selain itu perlunya dibentuk sanksi dalam Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003 bagi negara pihak yang tidak menjalankan kewajiban pelestarian dan perlindungan budaya tidak berwujud di tingkat nasional.
Status Hukum Papua Barat: The Right to Self-Determination atau National Integrity?
Authors: Fiona Sehrenneta Bella , Kusniati Retno
Published: November 2021

Papua Barat sebagai salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang berintegrasi dengan Persetujuan New York antara Indonesia dan Belanda mengusung hak menentukan nasib sendiri dalam upaya memisahkan diri dari Indonesia. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pengaturan hak menentukan nasib sendiri sebagai bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia dan mengkaji dasar Papua Barat dalam mengusung hak menentukan nasib sendiri dan mendeklarasikan diri sebagai negara. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach) dan pendekatan sejarah (historical approach). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hak menentukan nasib sendiri merupakan bagian dari hak asasi manusia dan klaim Papua Barat sebagai bagian dari Negara Indonesia dalam menuntut hak menentukan nasib sendiri terbentur dengan Uti Possidetis Juris dan Territorial Integrity
Analisis Putusan Permanent Court of Arbitration Terhadap Klaim Nine Dash Line: Studi Kasus Klaim Wilayah Natuna Utara
Authors: Maulana Febriyansyah Rahmat , Repindowaty Rahayu
Published: November 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis putusan Permanent Court of Arbitrationmengenai klaim “Nine Dash Line” milik Tiongkok dan strategi terbaik Indonesia dalam mengatasi pengklaiman wilayah di perairan Natuna. Dalam penelitiannya, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengambil berbagai data dan sumber yang akan diverifikasi. Skripsi ini berisi tentang klaim Tiongkok tentang “Nine Dash Line” di wilayah Kepulauan Natuna yang tumpang tindih dengan wilayah Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) Indonesia. Klaim “Nine Dash Line” Tiongkok ini sudah berlarut-larut selama beberapa tahun dan menjadi masalah serius di kawasan Laut China Selatan. Dalam konflik tersebut peneliti mengungkapkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki berbagai rencana, upaya dan sikap agar wilayah kedaulatan Republik Indonesia tetap terjaga.Putusan dari Permanent Court of Arbitration mengatakan bahwa klaim Tiongkok mengenai “Nine Dash Line” terbantahkan dan tidak memiliki dasar hukum. Akan tetapi Tiongkok menolak putusan tersebut dan tetap agresif di Laut Cina Selatan sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan instabilitas kawasan Laut Cina Selatan. Hasil penelitian akan menunjukkan bahwa negara pihak yang bersengketa harus melaksanakan dan menghormati putusan Permanent Court of Arbitration tersebut karena sudah menjadi sumber hukum internasional. Putusan tersebut juga memiliki pengaruh di dalam menghadapi agresivitas Tiongkok dan pengaturan mengenai klaim maritim di kawasan Laut China Selatan.
Pengaturan Aspek Lingkungan Hidup dalam Perdagangan Internasional Berdasarkan GATT-WTO
Authors: Gustira Zevia , Kusniati Retno
Published: November 2021

Perdagangan internasional, pada era globalisasi merupaka suatu cara yang diambil para pemimpin Negara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negerinya. Ketidakmampuan suatu Negara dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan ini, kerap kali terjadi gesekan kepentingan. Tidak jarang Negara melakukan sesuatu tindakan yang dapat merugikan Negara lain. Mengeksploitasi SDA dalam negeri secara berlebihan, kesadaran Dunia Internasional dalam keberlangsungan SDA, tentang perlindungan sumber daya bahkan keberlansungan generasi selanjutnya untuk menikmati SDA tersebut. Keseriusan Dunia internasional pun terlihat dari langkah-langkah yang diambil para pemimpin dunia, perubahan format GATT yang hanya memperhatikan perlindungan Negara-negara anggotanya dalam melakukan Perdagangan internasional dengan Negara lain dapat terlindungi, begitu pula para anggota Negara Berkembang dan Negara Miskin. Perkembangan berikutnya kesadaran atas lingkungan hidup dapat terancam atas eksploitasi, maka dibentuklah WTO yang menyempurnakan GATT.
Implikasi Pencegahan Dumping Sebagai Unfair Trade Practices Terhadap Negara Berkembang
Authors: Trisnawati Eunike , Farisi Mochammad , Pebrianto Doni Yusra
Published: November 2021

Abstrak
Dumping adalah kegiatan dagang yang dilakukan eksportir dengan menjual komoditi di pasar internasional dengan harga kurang dari nilai wajar atau lebih rendah dari harga barang tersebut di negara importir. Hal ini menyebabkan persaingan menjadi tidak sehat. Beberapa kebijakan pencegahan dumping lahir sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi kecurangan yang terjadi dalam praktek perdagangan. Namun kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut sering disalahgunakan, tidak jarang negara-negara maju melakukan proteksi untuk melindungi industri dalam negerinya. Dalam kamus perdagangan, dumping dinilai sebagai bentuk dari persaingan yang tidak sehat, namun nyatanya, Anti-dumping dan proteksionisme yang disalahgunakan dapat memicu terjadinya Unfair Trade Practices. jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, Penelitian ini membahas dan menganalisis bagaimana dampak penerapan Pasal VI General Agreement on Tariff and Trade dalam mencegah praktik dumping terhadap negara berkembang bahwa penerapan kebijakan Anti-dumping dan proteksionisme perlu diperhatikan lebih khusus dan harus sesuai dengan prosedur  yang terdapat dalam Anti-dumping Code hal ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi tindakan-tindakan proteksi yang dapat merugikan negara-negara yang melakukan ekspor terutama negara berkembang, perlunya peran WTO dalam mengawasi kegiatan perdagangan terhadap segala bentuk hambatan yang dapat menciptakan perdagangan yang tidak adil, dengan mempertimbangkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang telah ada.
Implementing an Anonymous Closed-Loop Feedback Process and Associations With ACGME Annual Survey Scores in a Family Medicine Residency
Authors: Knox Jordan , Fortenberry Katherine T. , Qeadan Fares , Tingey Benjamin , Holman Anna , Stoesser Kirsten , Van Hala Sonja
Published: November 2021

Background and Objectives: The annual Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) survey evaluates numerous variables, including resident satisfaction with the training program. We postulated that an anonymous system allowing residents to regularly express and discuss concerns would result in higher ACGME survey scores in areas pertaining to program satisfaction.
Methods: One family medicine residency program implemented a process of quarterly anonymous closed-loop resident feedback and discussion in academic year 2012-2013. Data were tracked longitudinally from the 2011-2019 annual ACGME resident surveys, using academic year 2011-2012 as a baseline control.
Results: For the survey item “Satisfied that evaluations of program are confidential,” years 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2018-2019 showed a significantly higher change from baseline. For “Satisfied that program uses evaluations to improve,” year 2018-2019 had a significantly higher percentage change from baseline. For “Satisfied with process to deal with problems and concerns,” year 2018-2019 showed significantly higher change. For “Residents can raise concerns without fear,” years 2013-2014 and 2018-2019 saw significantly higher changes.
Conclusions: These results suggest that this feedback process is perceived by residents as both confidential and promoting a culture of safety in providing feedback. Smaller changes were seen in residents’ belief that the program uses evaluations to improve, and in satisfaction with the process to deal with problems and concerns.
The impact of fiscal policies on Albanian economic growth: The case of value-added tax
Authors: Demi Albana , Xhaferri Shqipe , Uku Skënder , Shahini Shpend , Lushi Alfons
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to give an overview and examine the effects of value-added tax (VAT) income as one of the main elements of fiscal policies on Albanian economic growth GDP (Demi, Hysa, & Nanaj, 2018), for the period 1999–2019, considering also the implementation of VAT legislation rules. The quantitative analysis methods are used in this study based on the wide range of theoretical and practical cases obtained from the literature to figure out the existing link between VAT as the explanatory variable and GDP as the explained variable. Based on empirical testing hypotheses on the importance of econometric models, the statistical information was selected by public institutions in Albania and the data is in the form of time series, often self-correlated from period to period. This feature was considered to avoid the consequences caused by autocorrelation and following the detection, the corrective measures were taken, in order for the statistical inference to be as objective as possible. Finally, this paper argues that VAT rules are considered a very important element for the Albanian economy, and the relevance of this study is to serve policymakers in drafting fiscal policies in the function of economic growth (GDP) in the future.
Analysis of Penetrating Neck Injuries (PNIs) at a South London Trauma Centre before and after the first national lockdown.
Authors: Scenza Gabriela Di , Mason Katrina , Oikonomou Georgios
Published: November 2021

•A 28-month retrospective review from February 2019 to April 2021 of
penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) at our trauma centre revealed a 48%
(n=25 to n=37) increase in PNIs ‘post-lockdown’ (lockdown date = 23rd
March 2020). •The aetiology of PNI changed over time, with an increase
in the proportion of Deliberate Self Harm’ (DSH) cases from 1/3 to
2/3rds of case (n=9 to n=25), an overall 177.8% increase
‘post-lockdown’. An increase in mortality was also seen with no deaths
‘pre-lockdown’, and 3 deaths ‘post-lockdown’. •‘Accidental Injuries’
(AI) increased from 4% to 10% of cases (n=1 to n=4) post lockdown,
with ‘grievous bodily harm (GBH) reducing from half to 1/5th of all
cases (n=13 to n=8), and ‘domestic violence’ from 8% of cases to no
cases post lockdown (DV) ‘post lockdown’. •‘Pre-lockdown’ 10% of DSH
patients (n=1) were noted to have a prior mental health diagnosis or
psychiatric care, ‘post-lockdown’ this increased to 61.5% (n=16) of DSH
patients. •Data from our tertiary trauma centre in London has shown a
change in aetiology, psychiatric co-morbidity and number of PNIs pre and
post lockdown.
A lizard with two tales: what diversification within Sceloporus occidentalis teaches us about species formation
Authors: Pereira Ricardo , Singhal Sonal
Published: November 2021

In 1859, Charles Darwin proposed that species are not fundamentally
different from subspecies or the varieties from which they evolve. A
century later, Dobzhansky (1958) suggested that many such lineages are
ephemeral and are likely to revert differentiation through introgression
(Fig. 1A); only a few evolve complete reproductive isolation and persist
in sympatry. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Bouzid et al. (2021)
show how new analytical methods, when applied to genome data, allow us
to more precisely determine whether or not species formation follows the
paths outlined by Darwin and Dobzhansky (Fig. 1B). The authors study the
diversification of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis, finding a
continuum of genetic interactions between the preservation of genetic
identity to genetic merger, analogous to what is exemplified by ring
species. In doing so, they teach us two tales on species formation: that
lineages are fractal byproducts of evolutionary processes such as
genetic drift and selection, and that lineages are often ephemeral and
do not always progress into species. Studying ephemeral lineages like
those in S. occidentalis allows us to capture divergence at its earliest
stages, and potentially to determine the factors that allow lineages to
remain distinct despite pervasive gene flow. These lineages thus serve
as a natural laboratory to address long standing hypotheses on species
formation.
Hypoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Crises Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes and End-stage Kidney Disease: Population-Based Study, 2013–2017
Authors: Galindo Rodolfo J. , Ali Mohammed K. , Funni Shealeigh A. , Dodge Andrew B. , Kurani Shaheen S. , Shah Nilay D. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , McCoy Rozalina G.
Published: November 2021

Objective: We characterized annual
trends of severe hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises (diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperglycemic
hyperosmolar state) in patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (DM/ESKD).

Design: Nationwide,
retrospective study of adults (≥18 years) with DM/ESKD, from the United States Renal Data System
registry, 2013 to 2017. Primary outcome was annual rates of emergency department visits or hospitalizations for hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises, reported as number of events/1000 person-years. Adjusted event rates and
risk factors were adjusted for patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, dialysis modality,
comorbidities, treatment regimen and U.S. region.

Results: Among
521,789 adults with DM/ESKD (median age 65 years [IQR 57-73], 56.1% male, and
46% White), overall
adjusted rates of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises
were 53.64 and 18.24 per 1000 person-years, respectively. For both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia crises,
the risks decreased with age and were lowest in older patients (≥75 vs 18-44 years: IRR 0.35 [95% CI 0.33-0.37]
and 0.03 [0.02-0.03], women (IRR 1.09 [1.06-1.12] and 1.44 [1.35-1.54]),
and with smoking (IRR 1.36 [1.28-1.43] and 1.71 [1.53-1.91]), substance abuse
(IRR 1.27 [1.15-1.42] and 1.53 [1.23-1.9]), retinopathy (IRR 1.10 [1.06-1.15]
and 1.36 [1.26-1.47]), and insulin therapy (vs. no therapy; IRR 0.60 [0.59-0.63] and 0.44 [0.39-0.48]), respectively.
For hypoglycemia, specifically, additional risk was conferred by Black
race (IRR 1.11 [1.08-1.15]) and amputation history (IRR 1.20 [1.13-1.27]).

Conclusions: In this nationwide study of patients with DM/ESKD,
hypoglycemic crises were three-fold more common than hyperglycemic crises, greatly exceeding national reports in non-dialysis patients with chronic
kidney disease. Young, Black, and female patients were disproportionately
affected.
Intermittent Leucine Deprivation Produces Long-Lasting Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity by Increasing Hepatic Gcn2 Expression
Authors: Yin Hanrui , Yuan Feixiang , Jiao Fuxin , Niu Yuguo , Jiang Xiaoxue , Deng Jiali , Guo Yajie , Chen Shanghai , zhai Qiwei , Hu Cheng , Li Yiming , Guo Feifan
Published: November 2021

Leucine deprivation improves
insulin sensitivity; however, whether and how this effect can be extended is
unknown. We hypothesized that intermittent leucine
deprivation (ILD) might produce a long-term effect on improved insulin
sensitivity via the formation of metabolic
memory. Consistently, seven ILD cycles treatment
(1-day leucine-deficient diet, 3-day control
diet) in mice produced a long-lasting (after resuming a control diet for 49
days) effect on improved whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice, indicating
the potential formation of metabolic memory. Furthermore, the effects of ILD depended
on hepatic general control nondepressible 2
(GCN2) expression as verified by gain-and loss-of-function
experiments. Moreover, ILD increased Gcn2
expression by reducing its DNA methylation at two CpG promoter sites controlled
by demethylase growth
arrest and DNA damage inducible b. Finally, ILD also improved insulin sensitivity in
insulin-resistant mice. Thus, ILD induces long-lasting improvements in insulin
sensitivity by increasing hepatic Gcn2
expression via a reduction in its DNA methylation. These results provide novel
insights into understanding the link between leucine deprivation and insulin
sensitivity, as well as potential nutritional intervention strategies for treating
insulin resistance and related diseases. We also provide evidence for liver-specific
metabolic memory after ILD and novel epigenetic mechanisms for Gcn2 regulation.
Clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with normal renal histopathology
Authors: Kwak Naeun , Park Min Ji , Jang Hea Min , Baek Hee Sun , Lee Sang In , Han Man Hoon , Kim Yong-Jin , Cho Min Hyun
Published: November 2021

Background: There have been some cases where abnormal histopathologic findings could not be found in the kidney could even with proper specimen collection through percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) in accordance with its indication. We analyzed the incidence and clinical outcomes of children who showed normal histopathological findings in their PRBs.Methods: The medical records of 552 pediatric subjects who underwent PRB between 2005 and 2016 were reviewed. Twenty-six subjects were excluded because allograft biopsy was performed in nine subjects, and the age at biopsy was greater than 18 years in 17 subjects. Finally, 526 subjects were enrolled in this study.Results: Of the 526 pediatric patients, 32 (6.1%) showed no histopathological abnormalities in their PRBs. The male-to-female ratio of the patients was 1.9:1, and the mean ages at the first visit and at biopsy were 10.6 ± 4.1 and 11.4 ± 3.8 years, respectively. In accordance with the biopsy indications, recurrent gross hematuria showed the highest incidence rate, but combined hematuria and proteinuria had the lowest incidence rate regarding normal renal histopathology among all the subjects. At a mean follow-up of 35.5 ± 23.6 months, urinary abnormalities had improved in more than 50% of the subjects with normal renal histopathology, and none of the patients showed progression to end-stage renal disease or required rebiopsy due to symptom worsening during the follow-up period.Conclusion: The clinical outcomes of children with normal PRB histopathologic findings are generally good. Further studies to evaluate their long-term outcomes are needed.
PENYULUHAN MAKANAN SEHAT UNTUK PENCEGAHAN STUNTING BALITA
Authors: Lestari Nining , Hanif Aulia
Published: November 2021

Sasaran yang ingin dicapai Indonesia di bidang gizi adalah menurunkan  prevalensi stunting menjadi 10 % pada tahun 2030. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia tahun 2018 masih tinggi yaitu 30,8 %, sehingga diperlukan  upaya yang strategis untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, salah satunya adalah dengan penyuluhan  mengenai makanan sehat bagi ibu usia produktif sebagai sasaran primer dalam pencegahan stunting. Di TK Aisyiah Pucangan ditemukan balita usia 4-5 tahun yang mengalami stunting sebanyak 13 siswa dari 60 siswa pada kelompok usia tersebut, sehingga diperlukan upaya promosi kesehatan dengan melakukan penyuluhan. Tujuan jangka pendek penyuluhan adalah uutuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai makanan sehat berigizi dan seimbang, sedangkan tujuan jangka panjang adalah untuk menurunkan kejadian stunting balita. Penyuluhan dilakukan dengan presentasi audiovisual menggunakan power point dan video edukasi. Untuk mengukur pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan maka digunakan “one group pre and post test design”. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan uji analisis Paired sample t test atau  uji  Wilcoxon menggunakan SPPS 22. Hasil analisis didapatkan rerata nilai pretest = 65,12 dan post test = 82,2. Hasil Uji Wilcoxon dari 41 responden didapatkan 36 responden mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan (nilai p<0,0001). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan tentang makanan sehat.
KESEHATAN RAMBUT ANAK DAN REMAJA
Authors: Dewi Listiana Masyita , Bramantio Richard Guntur , Firdaus Najmarani Devi
Published: November 2021

Pedikulosis adalah infeksi parasit Pediculus humanus yang menyerang rambut pada seluruh tubuh terutama rambut kepala. Pedikulosis lebih banyak ditemukan pada wanita dengan rentang usia 9-16 tahun, terutama yang tinggal secara berkelompok. Panti Asuhan Yatim Puteri Aisyiyah Cabang Kotta Barat yang berlokasi di Surakarta memiliki 35 anak asuh dari rentang pendidikan SD hingga sarjana. Keluhan kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh penghuni panti asuhan ini adalah gatal pada kulit kepala dan masalah rambut yang menular antar individu. Keluhan ini kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh penyakit pedikulosis. Solusi yang telah dilakukan hanya dengan membeli obat warung tanpa dosis dan petunjuk penggunaan yang jelas serta belum ada upaya pencegahan penularan yang signifikan. Pemberian edukasi kepada penghuni panti dirasa sangat diperlukan untuk memperbaiki pengetahuan individu mengenai kesehatan rambut dan mengurangi risiko pedikulosis. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dengan memberikan penyuluhan. Peserta juga diberikan pretes dan post-test untuk menilai sejauh mana peningkatan pengetahuan yang mereka dapatkan. Rata-rata skor pretes adalah 3,24 sedangkan rata-rata skor posttest adalah 8,35. Dengan kata lain, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan peserta hingga 61,16%.

Kata Kunci: Pedikulosis, Rambut, Penyuluhan, Pengetahuan
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG KANKER LEHER RAHIM DAN DETEKSI DINI DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMEAR
Authors: Rosyidah Devi Usdiana
Published: November 2021

Kebanyakan perempuan takut terkena kanker leher rahim, tetapi tidak faham faktor risikonya. Kesadaran melakukan deteksi dini penyakit ini masih terkendala perasaan malu dan biaya yang tidak murah. Jumlah penderita kanker leher rahim di indonesia menempati urutan nomor dua tertinggi didunia. Pemahaman yang benar tentang penyakit ini akan meningkatkan kesadaran melakukan skrining sehingga pencegahan akan lebih mudah dilakukan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan memberikan pengetahuan kepada perempuan tentang kanker leher rahim, faktor risiko, cara pencegahan serta skrining kanker leher rahim dengan papsmear langsung bagi peserta tanpa dipungut biaya. Konseling personal dilakukan ke masing-masing peserta setelah hasil pap smear jadi. Jumlah peserta penyuluhan 27 orang, tetapi 4 orang tidak memenuhi syarat dilakukan pap smear, sehingga jumlah peserta pap smear 23 orang. Hasil pap smear: 18 orang normal smear, 2 orang radang ringan, 1 orang radang tidak khas, dan 2 orang  radang ringan dengan metaplasi squamosa. Masing-masing peserta telah mengambil hasil dan telah dilakukan konseling personal. Pemahaman yang benar mengenai penyakit kanker leher rahim dan pelaksanaan pap smear dapat menambah data profil kesehatan wanita usia subur khususnya di kabupaten Karanganyar. Peserta pap smear dapat membagikan pengalamannya kepada wanita usia subur lain sehingga tergerak untuk melakukan skrining kanker leher rahim, salah satunya dengan pap smear.
Aihemallinnuksen ja klusterianalyysin yhdistäminen aineiston esikäsittelyn ja mallinnuksen valintojen tutkimiseksi
Authors: Toikka Arho
Published: November 2021

Uusien tekstiaineistojen analyysimenetelmien käytön yhteiskuntatieteelliset käytännöt eivät ole vielä vakiintuneet. Yksi suosittu keskustelu- ja tekstiaineistojen mallinnustapa on aihemallinnus, jolla etsitään aineiston temaattista rakennetta sanojen yhteisesiintymisen avulla.Aihemallinnuksen tulokset vaihtelevat aineiston esikäsittelyn ja mallinnuksen parametrien myötä, ja työkalusta riippuen myös satunnaisesti. Tämä on yleensä tulkittu ongelmaksi, josta päästään eroon huolellisesti validoimalla ja valitsemalla yksi ”paras malli”. Sosiaalitieteilijän näkökulmasta mallinnuksen vaihtelut voivat kuitenkin olla myös erilaisia näkökulmia aineistoon tai vivahde-eroja, joita tulkitsemalla voidaan löytää aineiston ydin.Tässä artikkelissa käsitellään tutkimusprosessia, joka perustuu toistettuihin aihemallinnuksiin aineiston esivalmisteluja ja mallinnuksen parametreja vaihtelemalla. Kahden aiheen samankaltaisuus voidaan mitata ja lukuisista malleista tuotetut aiheet voidaan ryhmitellä klusterianalyysilla näiden samankaltaisuuksien avulla. Kun kaksi aihetta sijoittuu samaan ryhmään, voidaan niiden tulkita olennaisesti kuvaavan samaa aihetta, vaikka sanajakauma ei olekaan täysin sama. Nämä aiheiden ryhmät voidaan sitten nostaa analyysin keskiöön: jotkin aiheet löytyvät riippumatta alkuvalmisteluista, jotkin vain toisinaan ja jotkut aiheet löytyvät vain sattumalta ja jäävät yksin. Yhden mallin tulkinnan rinnalla ja sijasta voidaan tulkita näitä ryhmiä, ja samalla tehdä näkyväksi mallin reliabiliteettia ja tehtyjen valintojen vaikutusta tuloksiin.
Aineistopaketit ja rajapinnat tutkijoiden työkaluna Kansalliskirjastossa: mahdollisuudet ja rajoitteet
Authors: Liukkonen Erno , Näpärä Liisa , Pääkkönen Tuula , Rautiainen Juha
Published: November 2021

Artikkelissamme tarkastelemme Kansalliskirjaston datapakettien ja rajapintojen tutkijakäytön mahdollisuuksia ja rajoitteita vertailemalla niitä muiden kirjastojen tekemiin ratkaisuihin. Tutkijoiden digitaalisten aineistojen käyttötarpeet ovat erilaisia riippuen tutkimusasetelmasta, tutkimusalasta, käytettävistä menetelmistä ja kunkin teknisestä osaamisesta. Tutkijat lähestyvät Kansalliskirjaston aineistoja ja dataa tutkimustarpeidensa ohjaamina. He toivovat saavansa Kansalliskirjastosta tutkimuskirjallisuutta ja lähdeaineistoja. Kansalliskirjasto puolestaan tarjoaa tutkijoille aineistoa ja dataa kirjaston kokoelmista, joita on digitoitu valikoiden ja muunnettu datapaketeiksi tutkijoiden käyttötarpeiden ja -pyyntöjen perusteella sekä muiden kriteerien perusteella. Lisäksi data on tarjolla avointen ohjelmistorajapintojen kautta. Tässä artikkelissa datapaketilla tarkoitetaan digitoiduista aineistoista tiettyjen periaatteiden mukaan suuriksi valmiiksi datakokonaisuuksiksi luotuja sisältöjä, jotka ovat avoimesti saatavilla.
Datapaketit ja rajapinnat soveltuvat käytettäviksi esimerkiksi digitaalisiin ihmistieteisiin, joissa pyritään kehittämään uusia menetelmiä ja tekniikoita. Nykykäytössä datapaketit ja rajapinnat ovat kuitenkin Kansalliskirjaston keräämän aineiston mukaan vielä alikäytettyjä, ja ne näyttäytyvät perinteiselle humanistitutkijalle vaikeasti lähestyttävinä. Sekä tutkijoiden omat taidot, asenteet ja ymmärrys rajapinnoista että rajapintojen käyttöön liittyvät ongelmat ovat niiden käyttöä rajoittavia tekijöitä. Esimerkiksi rajapintojen dokumentaation taso, dokumentaation sisältämät esimerkit ja dokumentaation näkyvyys verkkosivuilla, eivät välttämättä vastaa tutkijoiden odotuksia. Eri maiden kansalliskirjastoissa on toteutettu työkaluja, joiden avulla rajapintojen käyttöä on pyritty opastamaan ja helpottamaan.
Kontekstualisointimalli sosiaalisen median lähdekritiikin avaimena
Authors: Vaahensalo Elina
Published: November 2021

Sosiaalisen median alustojen käyttö on osa arkipäiväämme, ja arkipäiväistymisen myötä sosiaalisen median aineistot ovat yhä laajemmin myös tutkimuskäytössä eri tieteenaloilla. Aineistojen lähdekriittinen käsittely painottuu kuitenkin usein tutkijoiden tieteenalasta riippuen joko teknisten tai kulttuuristen vaikutteiden tarkasteluun, vaikka sosiaalisen median aineistot ovat aina tulos molempien yhteisvaikutuksesta. Helpottaakseni sosiaalisen median aineistojen monipuolista lähdekriittistä käsittelyä esittelen tässä artikkelissa sosiaalisen median kontekstualisointimallin. Malli erittelee erilaisia sosiaalisen median aineistoihin vaikuttavia konteksteja, kuten alustojen kulttuuris-historiallinen tausta, sekä affordansseja eli alustojen tarjoamia toiminnan mahdollisuuksia. Lisäksi annan artikkelissa käytännön esimerkkejä siitä, miten eri affordanssit ja kontekstit voivat sosiaalisen median alustoilla ja aineistoissa heijastua ja miksi tutkijan tulisi ne tutkimuksessaan huomioida.
“Tuntuu, että vietän liikaakin aikaa Internetissä.”
Authors: Kannasto Elisa , Haasio Ari
Published: November 2021

Verkko ja sen palvelut muodostavat merkittävän osan yksilöiden arjesta. Tässä artikkelissa, virtuaalisen kotiseudun käsitettä mallinnetaan yksilölle keskeisten ja rakkaiden verkkopalvelujen muodostamana kokonaisuutena. Tutkimuksessa opiskelijat raportoivat verkon käyttöään täyttämällä verkkopäiväkirjaa webropol-kyselyn muodossa. Näistä päiväkirjoista muodostettiin tuloksena neljä virtuaalista kotiseutua ja käyttäjäprofiilia. Verkon käyttäjillä on tiettyjä pakotettuja palveluita, joita heidän täytyy käyttää. Nämä kuuluvat yksilön verkkouniversumiin. Niistä sivustoista ja palveluista, jotka ovat yksilölle keskeisiä ja erityisen rakkaita taas muodostuu heidän virtuaalinen kotiseutunsa. Tulosten mukaan verkon palveluiden käyttö ei ole välttämättä aktiivista tekemistä ja sisällöntuotanto vaan enemmänkin passiivista mediakuluttamista ja ystävien sekä yhteisöjen seuraamista.
Resistance developments in Estonia’s population of pollen beetles (Brassicogethes aeneus)
Authors: Kann Liina , Koppel Mati , Kaart Tanel , Islamov Bulat , Sooväli Pille , Mäe Andres
Published: November 2021

A total of 111 local pollen beetle populations were collected from both winter and spring oilseed rape fields, in the main oilseed growing regions of Estonia between 2015−2019. The objective was to analyse the insecticide-susceptibility of the pollen beetle population (in the form of Brassicogethes aeneus). The pollen beetle samples were tested for sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid, and chlorpyrifos. The efficacy of the tested insecticides varied considerably by region. We observed a clear decrease in susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and thiacloprid, but sensitivity to chlorpyrifos remained stable throughout the period between 2015 and 2019. Amongst the tested samples in that period, a total of 3% were classified as susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin, 18% as moderately resistant, 70% as resistant, and 7% as highly resistant. In the case of thiacloprid, 21% of the samples were highly susceptible to the insecticide, 39% were susceptible, and 41% had reduced levels of susceptibility to the insecticide. The information which was presented tended to confirm the ongoing evolution of insecticide resistance in the B. aeneus population in Estonia, while also highlighting the importance of data-based decisions when optimising insecticide resistance management in the field.
Putting Value on Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Helén Ilpo , Tarkkala Heta
Published: November 2021

Several studies over the years have paid attention to the entanglement of biomedical research and the multiplicity of expectations for scientific breakthroughs and economic gains. However, science and economy are by no means the only values attributed to the biomedical endeavour in an actual R&D project. In this article, we present an analysis of a case we studied in Finland, in which academic and commercial partners jointly studied minuscule extracellular vesicles (EVs) to develop related technologies and explore their commercialisation potential. Thus, we ask, what is the spectrum of value in biomedical R&D? Our analysis highlights that in the rapidly developing, but still immature, scientific field of EVs, the dominant value of the research project are related to the expansion of future possibilities (e.g., funding and collaborations) and the sustainability of research. The subject of our study is a new domain of biomedicine that is quite unexplored in science and technology studies (STS), and our findings contribute to ongoing discussions on valuation and economies related to biomedical R&D. We focus on the multiplicity of value, and, by doing this, critically discuss the mainstream view emphasising the dominance of commercial value.
Tarihi On Gözlü Köprü ve Yakın Çevresinin Kıyısal Peyzaj Değeri Açısından Araştırılması
Authors: GÜNEROĞLU Nilgün , ERCAN OĞUZTÜRK Gülcay
Published: November 2021

Kara ve su ekosistemlerinin kesişim yeri olan kıyılar sahip oldukları doğal ve kültürel kaynaklarla peyzaj değeri yüksek alanlardır. Yoğun kullanımlara maruz kalan kıyılarda, koruma ve kullanma dengesinin sağlanması sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemlidir. Nehir kıyıları hem ekolojik hem de kültürel açıdan oldukça önemli peyzaj alanlarıdır. Medeniyetlerin kurulduğu alanlar olan nehir kıyılarında yapısal öğeler oldukça fazladır. Dicle nehri üzerinde bulunan tarihi On Gözlü Köprü, Diyarbakır kenti için önemli bir kimlik öğesidir. Bu çalışmada On Gözlü Köprü ve yakın kıyı çevresinde bulunan mekanların peyzaj değerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik, alan kullanıcılarından 150 katılımcıyla anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılım derecesi 5 olan Likert tutum skalası kullanılarak 8 ana başlık altında 33 parametre değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sayısal verilerle, parametreler arasındaki korelasyon belirlenmiş ve ön plana çıkan değişkenleri belirlemek amacı ile faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak On Gözlü Köprü ve yakın kıyı çevresinin tarihi ve kültürel değeri ile ön plana çıktığı, kent karakteri ve kültürünü yansıttığı belirlenmiştir. İleride yapılacak peyzaj çalışmalarında donatı kalitesinin arttırılması ve etkinlik alanlarının çeşitlenmesi ile konfor ve rekreatif değerlerin artacağı vurgulanmıştır.
Dimension Analysis of Job Satisfaction Effect on Employee Organizational Commitment
Authors: Yakup Yakup , Paulutu Risman , Paramata Moh Rolli
Published: November 2021

This study aims to analyze the dimensions of job satisfaction and its influence on employee organizational commitment at the Regional Finance Board of Pohuwato Regency. The data used in this study are primary data that comes from filling out questionnaires. The study population was 59 employees using the census method. The analysis technique used to answer research problems and test hypotheses is multiple regression analysis with the help of Statistical Product Service Solution (SPSS) software which is used to analyze the data. The results of this study are (1) there is a positive and significant effect on the satisfaction dimensions of the job itself. toward employee organizational commitment, (2) there is a positive and significant influence on the dimensions of satisfaction on salaries on employee organizational commitment, (3) there is a positive and significant influence on the dimension of satisfaction in supervision of employee organizational commitment, (4) there is a positive and significant influence on the satisfaction dimensions of employees promotion opportunities on employee organizational commitment, (5) there is a positive and significant effect of the satisfaction dimensions of coworkers on employee organizational commitment, (6) there is a positive and significant influence on the dimensions of satisfaction in working conditions on employee organizational commitment. The dominant variable that affects organizational commitment is the satisfaction dimension of promotion opportunities. The findings of this study indicate that if the dimensions of job satisfaction are increased, the organizational commitment of employees to the organization will increase.
Sobre Alice L. Baumgartner, South to Freedom: Runaway Slaves to Mexico and the Road to the Civil War
Authors: Pani Erika
Published: November 2021

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Sobre Jesús Cosamalón, El juego de las apariencias: la alquimia de los mestizajes y las jerarquías sociales en Lima, siglo XIX
Authors: García-Bryce Íñigo
Published: November 2021

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Interpreting choices: what can we infer from where our ancestors married?
Authors: Probert Rebecca
Published: November 2021

This article analyses a sample of 1,052 weddings reported by family historians as taking place between 1837 and 1952 in order to build up a picture of the characteristics of those marrying in a register office or registered place of worship under the Marriage Act 1836. It situates this data in the context of the national-level statistics in order to provide a more nuanced picture of the religious affiliation of those marrying in a registered place of worship and to determine whether those who married in the register office exhibited different characteristics to those who did not. It also analyses the changing legal framework in order to show how this determined the options that were available to couples at different times. Finally, it identifies what inferences can be drawn from the wording on the marriage certificate, for example whether a marriage is recorded as being conducted ‘by’ or ‘before’ a particular person or ‘according to the rites and ceremonies of the parties’.
Molekularne mechanizmy działania czynnika transkrypcyjnego FOXN1 w skórze
Authors: Gawrońska-Kozak Barbara , Kur-Piotrowska Anna , Wiśniewska Joanna , Kopcewicz Marta
Published: November 2021

Abstrakt

Artykuł jest przeglądem wyników badań dotyczących funkcji i mechanizmu działania czynnika transkrypcyjnego FOXN1. Lokalizacja FOXN1 u przedstawicieli wszystkich ssaków ogranicza się do nabłonka tylko dwóch organów: skóry i grasicy. W skórze FOXN1 stymuluje różnicowanie się keratynocytów, reguluje proces pigmentacji i bierze udział w rozwoju włosów. W skórze objętej urazem FOXN1 jest zaangażowany w bliznowy proces gojenia poprzez udział w reepitelializacji oraz w procesie przejścia epitelialno-mezenchymalnego (epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EMT). Pozbawione aktywnego czynnika transkrypcyjnego FOXN1 dorosłe myszy (Foxn1-/-) goją urazy skórne w unikalnym, charakterystycznym jedynie dla płodów ssaków, procesie bezbliznowej (scar-free) regeneracji. Analiza porównawcza transkryptomów skóry: dorosłych myszy Foxn1-/- oraz skóry płodów myszy (14. dzień rozwoju płodowego) wykazała istotne podobieństwa w ekspresji genów związanych przede wszystkim z przebudową tkanek, budową cytoszkieletu, gojeniem urazów, odpowiedzią immunologiczną oraz różnicowaniem. Wyniki te wskazują, iż FOXN1 może być głównym elementem szlaku sygnałowego na drodze tzw. punktu tranzycyjnego czyli przejścia z etapu gojenia bezbliznowego (płodowego) do bliznowego (dorosłego) w trakcie rozwoju płodowego.
Budowa i znaczenie II systemu sekrecji białek w ekologii i patogenezie Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Małek Agata , Kowalczyk Bożena , Palusińska-Szysz Marta
Published: November 2021

Pałeczki Legionella pneumophila pasożytują w komórkach odległych filogenetycznie gospodarzy, w środowisku wodnym w pierwotniakach, a w organizmie człowieka w makrofagach alweolarnych. Zdolność tych bakterii do wewnątrzkomórkowego namnażania się w komórkach fagocytujących, wyspecjalizowanych do niszczenia mikroorganizmów, ma podstawowe znaczenie dla rozwoju nietypowego zapalenia płuc zwanego chorobą legionistów. Umiejscowione na kilku różnych loci chromosomu bakteryjnego geny II systemu sekrecji L. pneumophila kodują co najmniej 25 białek, w tym enzymy o aktywności lipolitycznej, proteolitycznej, rybonukleazy oraz białka unikalne bakterii Legionella. W środowisku naturalnym T2SS L. pneumophila odgrywa decydującą rolę w ekologii tych drobnoustrojów determinując ich zdolność do przeżycia zarówno w postaci planktonicznej, jak i w strukturach biofilmu w słodkowodnych zbiornikach o niskiej temperaturze. Białka T2SS umożliwiają L. pneumophila zakażenie różnych gatunków pierwotniaków, a substraty tego systemu określają zakres pierwotniaczego gospodarza. Namnażanie się bakterii w różnorodnych pierwotniakach przyczynia się do ich rozsiewania oraz transmisji do antropogenicznych źródeł. Białka wydzielane za pomocą II systemu sekrecji determinują również zdolność L. pneumophila do zakażania mysich makrofagów alweolarnych i szpiku kostnego, ludzkich makrofagów linii U937 i THP-1 oraz komórek nabłonkowych pęcherzyków płucnych. Enzymy wydzielane za pomocą tego systemu, takie jak: proteazy, aminopeptydazy czy fosfolipazy umożliwiają pozyskanie substancji pokarmowych oraz powodują destrukcję tkanki płucnej myszy. W organizmie człowieka białka T2SS przyczyniają się do osłabienia wrodzonej odpowiedzi immunologicznej na zakażenie L. pneumophila przez hamowanie indukcji prozapalnych cytokin (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1 oraz IL-8).
Endoscopic transsphenoidal removal of neoplasms of the chiasmal-sellar region in children
Authors: Burmistrova A. V. , Сherebillo V. J. , Khachatryan W. A.
Published: November 2021

The OBJECTIVE was to analyze the results of endoscopic transsphenoidal removal of neoplasms of the chiasmalsellar region in children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. We studied 23 patients aged 3 to 17 years who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal removal of neoplasms of the chiasmal-sellar region. Neurological, ophthalmological, endocrine disorders and otorhinolaryngological pathology were evaluated. Neuroimaging data (MRI and CT), results of laboratory tests were studied. In addition, the analysis of surgical treatment including intraoperative and early postoperative complications was performed.

RESULTS. In 39.1 % of cases, neoplasms of supraparainfracellar localization were diagnosed. In 34.8 % of patients, the size of the neoplasms did not exceed 2 cm. In 1 patient, the volume of neoplasm was 53.7 cm3. According to the type of pneumatization, the sellar type prevailed. Сonch type was observed in 1 child. Hemostatic material «Surgicel Fibrillar» was used more often (86.9 %). Plastic surgery of the skull defect was carried out on a floor-by-floor basis with «Tachocomb» plates (62.5 %). Total tumor removal was achieved in 75 % of children. The majority of neoplasms were represented by craniopharyngioma – 30.43 %. In the early postoperative period, there was a significant regression of neurological disorders – by 69.6 %, as well as ophthalmological – by 34.8 % and endocrine – by 37.8 %. There were no cases of nasal liquorrhea and epistaxis in children.

CONCLUSION. Our study demonstrated the success of removing neoplasms in children from 3 years old, regardless of the size of the nasal cavity and pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus. It is possible to use endoscopic transsphenoidal access in children to remove the neoplasms of the chiasmal-sellar region of more than 5 cm, since the risk of intra – and postoperative complications is minimized.
Comparative evaluation of the informative value of methods for determining the volume of intraoperative blood loss in the surgical treatment of burn victims
Authors: Zinoviev E. V. , Vagner D. O. , Chukharev A. E.
Published: November 2021

The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate the informative value of various methods for determining the volume of blood loss during early surgical excision with simultaneous skin grafting with split grafts in patients with full thickness burns.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. Our study included 10 patients with burns more than 20 % TBSA. In these patients, from the 2nd to the 5th day after the burn, fascial surgical excision with simultaneous skin grafting with perforated split grafts was performed. To assess the volume of operative blood loss, we used visual, empirical (B. S. Vikhriev; 1986, I. V. Chmyrev; 2011, T. A. Housinger; 1993, T. Janezic; 1997) and calculated (J. B. Gross; 1983, P. G. Budny; 1993, G. D. Warden; 1982) methods. The obtained data were processed by the generally accepted methods of nonparametric statistics.

RESULTS. The minimum volume of blood loss was ascertained by visual assessment. We observed the maximum losses in the same patients when using calculated methods. In 5 out of 10 patients, the difference between the minimum and maximum results obtained using different methods exceeded 1000 %.

CONCLUSION. Most of the methods used in burn surgery for determining the volume of surgical blood loss are insufficiently representative. To determine the optimal tactics for surgical treatment of patients with severe burns, it is necessary to create formulas for assessing the volume of blood loss, which will take into account laboratory parameters, features of surgical treatment, hydrobalance indicators, anthropometric data and other variables with high predictive value.
Temporary shunt and carotid endarterectomy (review of literature)
Authors: Kazantsev A. N. , Kravchuk V. N. , Vinogradov R. A. , Chernyavsky M. A. , Khubulava G. G.
Published: November 2021

The main idea of this article is based on the uncertainty of the current recommendations, according to which a temporary shunt (TS) during carotid endarterectomy (CEE) can be used selectively, routinely, and even completely abandon its use. This statement is supported by the low level of evidence (class B) of the conclusion that indications for the use of TS are established only on the basis of a decrease in retrograde pressure in the internal carotid artery (ICA) and/or indicators of cerebral oximetry. Thus, the low efficiency of these procedures makes it possible not to use them at all.