bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myuchelys gen. nov. a new genus for Elseya latisternum and related forms of Australian freshwater turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae)
Authors: THOMSON SCOTT , GEORGES ARTHUR
Published: July 2019

Myuchelys, a new genus, is erected for a well supported clade of Australasian freshwater turtles; its establishment resolves an unacceptable paraphyly in relationships among species of the genus Elseya. Molecular and morphological evidence indicates that the closest relationship of the new genus is with Emydura, not the redefined Elseya.
A review of Erebomyia (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with descriptions of three new species
Authors: HURLEY RICHARD L. , RUNYON JUSTIN B.
Published: July 2019

The genus Erebomyia is reviewed and a key is provided for the four known species, three of which are described here: Erebomyia aetheoptera n. sp., E. akidoptera n. sp., and E. ramseyensis n. sp. The type species, E. exalloptera Runyon & Hurley, is redescribed and the male genitalia illustrated. Erebomyia is known from Arizona (3 spp.) and California (1 sp.), and males are notable for their modified wings, most exceptionally those of E. exalloptera whose left wing is of a different shape and size than the right wing. The occurrence of directional wing asymmetry in insects is reviewed to place the unique wings of E. exalloptera in context. Observations of Erebomyia courtship behavior are provided, and the potential adaptive significance of asymmetrical and modified wings of Erebomyia is discussed.
Phylogeography of the endangered sand dune whiptail lizard Glaucomastix abaetensis (Dias, Rocha & Vrcibradic, 2002) with the description of a new species
Authors: ROSÁRIO IGOR RIOS DO , DOS SANTOS RODRIGO MARQUES LIMA , ARIAS FEDERICO , ROCHA CARLOS FREDERICO DUARTE , DOS REIS DIAS EDUARDO JOSÉ , DE CARVALHO CELSO MORATO , RODRIGUES MIGUEL TREFAUT
Published: July 2019

Several species of Glaucomastix lizards have been described over the past decade, most of these inhabit inland Brazil. Glaucomastix abaetensis is a threatened whiptail endemic to Brazilian coastal “restinga” (sandy habitats) from Bahia State to Sergipe, with a distribution limited by riverine barriers. In order to investigate the differentiation and relationships in G. abaetensis, we integrated phylogeographic analysis, Bayesian species delimitation and morphological data to detect geographical patterns and historical events responsible for its present distribution. We recovered two highly divergent clades along its range, one of them unnamed. Glaucomastix itabaianensis sp. nov. has a a yellowish green tail, 13–16 scales in the lateral flank, 22–33 scales around tail, 28–35 femoral pores and usually four supraocular scales with the smaller one disposed posteriorly. Our results retrieved the monophyly of Glaucomastix, with G. venetacauda and G. cyanurus being sister species to a clade formed by G. littoralis and G. abaetensis. Divergence between Glaucomastix abaetensis and the new species occurred roughly 2.39 Myr ago; posterior shallow genetic divergences occurred mainly in Pleistocene. Finally, we present data on the conservation of this clade of whiptail lizards.
A new Ateuchus guatemalensis (Bates, 1887) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) synonym from Mexico
Authors: KOHLMANN BERT
Published: July 2019

This note reports on placement of Ateuchus benitojuarezi Moctezuma, Sánchez-Huerta, & Halffter, 2018 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini) as a junior synonym of Ateuchus guatemalensis (Bates, 1887) new synonymy. Ateuchus guatemalensis was originally described from Guatemala and is now known from Chiapas (Mexico), Honduras, and Nicaragua (Kohlmann & Vaz-de-Mello 2018). With the new synonym discussion below, A. guatemalensis also occurs in the Chimalapas region in Oaxaca (Mexico), thus following a very typical biogeographic distribution pattern known from other dung beetles that encompasses the Pacific slope between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the Nicaraguan lakes (Solís & Kohlmann 2012).
Dasyleistes nom. nov. (Insecta: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae): a new replacement name for the junior homonym Dasypterus Reuter, 1872
Authors: SWANSON DANIEL R.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this note is to replace the generic name Dasypterus Reuter, 1872, preoccupied by Dasypterus Peters, 1871, in accordance with the principles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999).
New records, new genera, and new species in Acanthocinini (Lamiinae) from the Neotropical region, and new synonym in Cerambycinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: MONNÉ MIGUEL A. , NASCIMENTO FRANCISCO E. DE L. , MONNÉ MARCELA L. , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: July 2019

Notes and new country records are provided for Leptostylus retrorsus Bates, 1885, and Lagocheirus araneiformis flavolineatus Aurivillius, 1921. The male of Trichalcidion penicillum Monné & Delfino, 1981 is described for the first time, and a new country record is provided. One new genus and four new species are described: Vitacinis luziae from Colombia (new genus); Nealcidion antonkozlovi from Colombia; Onalcidion antonkozlovi from Colombia; and Leptocometes antonkozlovi from Colombia. Hemilocallia grishami Ramírez Hernández et al., 2019 is synonymized with Glenea (Glenea) fasciata (Fabricius, 1781) [Hemilocallia = Glenea (Glenea); H. grishami = G. (G.) fasciata].
Diurnal Forcing and Phase Locking of Gravity Waves in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Ruppert James H. , Zhang Fuqing
Published: July 2019

An unfiltered zonal Hovmöller depiction of rainfall in the Maritime Continent (MC) reveals remarkable spatiotemporal continuity of zonally propagating disturbances with a diurnal period, which endure over multiple days and propagate faster than the individual convective storms they coupled with. This phenomenon and its sensitivity to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) during the 2011/12 Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) field campaign is examined here through a well-validated, convection-permitting model simulation conducted on a large domain. We find that these disturbances are zonally propagating diurnal gravity waves excited by vigorous nocturnal mesoscale convective systems over Sumatra and Borneo. These gravity waves are diurnally phase locked: their wavelength very closely matches the distance between these two islands (~1500 km), while their particular zonal phase speed (~±17 m s−1) allows them to propagate this distance in one diurnal cycle. We therefore hypothesize that these waves are amplified by resonant interaction due to diurnal phase locking. While these zonal gravity waves decouple from convection once beyond the MC, their divergent flow signature endures well across the Indian Ocean, provoking the notion that they may influence rainfall at far remote locations. The exact controls over this zonal phase speed remain uncertain; we note, however, that it is roughly consistent with diurnal offshore-propagating modes documented previously. Further study is required to tie this down, and more generally, to understand the sensitivity of these modes to background flow strength and the geography of the MC.
Essential Ingredients to the Dynamics of Westerly Wind Bursts
Authors: Fu Minmin , Tziperman Eli
Published: July 2019

Westerly wind bursts (WWBs) are brief, anomalously westerly winds in the tropical Pacific that play a role in the dynamics of ENSO through their forcing of ocean Kelvin waves. They have been associated with atmospheric phenomena such as tropical cyclones, the MJO, and convectively coupled Rossby waves, yet their basic mechanism is not yet well understood. We study WWBs using an aquaplanet general circulation model, and find that eastward-propagating convective heating plays a key role in the generation of model WWBs, consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) acts on a short time scale of about two days to dramatically amplify the model WWB winds near the peak of the event. On the other hand, it is found that radiation feedbacks (i.e., changes in the net radiative anomalies accompanying westerly wind bursts) are not essential for the development of WWBs, and act as a weak negative feedback on WWBs and their associated convection. Similarly, sensible surface heat flux anomalies are not found to have an effect on the development of model WWBs.
Seasonal Forecasting of Tropical Cyclone Landfall Using ECMWF’s System 4
Authors: Bergman Dan L. , Magnusson Linus , Nilsson Johan , Vitart Frederic
Published: July 2019

A method has been developed to forecast seasonal landfall risk using ensembles of cyclone tracks generated by ECMWF’s seasonal forecast system 4. The method has been applied to analyze and retrospectively forecast the landfall risk along the North American coast. The main result is that the method can be used to forecast landfall for some parts of the coast, but the skill is lower than for basinwide forecasts of activity. The rank correlations between forecasts issued on 1 May and observations are 0.6 for basinwide tropical cyclone number and 0.5 for landfall anywhere along the coast. When the forecast period is limited to the peak of the hurricane season, the landfall correlation increases to 0.6. Moreover, when the forecast issue date is pushed forward to 1 August, basinwide tropical cyclone and hurricane correlations increase to 0.7 and 0.8, respectively, whereas landfall correlations improve less. The quality of the forecasts is in line with that obtained by others.
PTSD as a consequence of past conflict experience, recent exposure to violence and economic marginalization in post-conflict contexts: A study from Nepal, Guatemala and Northern Ireland
Authors: Eide Arne H , Dyrstad Karin
Published: July 2019

Background:

Exposure to war and conflict increases the risk of mental health problems. Poor living conditions are known to negatively impact mental health.

Hypothesis:

It is hypothesized that exposure to negative events after armed conflict interacts with past negative experiences, socioeconomic factors and current mental health problems.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was carried out in three contexts of previous internal armed conflict: Nepal, Guatemala and Northern Ireland. Three nationally representative samples were drawn, comprising a net sample of 3,229 respondents.

Results:

Both recent negative events and past negative events linked to the previous conflicts were found to be associated with elevated risk of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD). Economic marginalization and urban residency also contributed to current risk of PTSD.

Conclusions:

The results support the study hypothesis that both past and recent negative events in combination with economic marginalization contribute to explain current risk of PTSD. It is necessary both to improve living conditions more broadly and to establish and develop health services that have the capacity to screen, prevent and treat mental health problems also in poor contexts, in particular against a background of previous armed conflict.
School choice and the city: Geographies of allocation and segregation
Authors: Wilson Deborah , Bridge Gary
Published: July 2019

Urban research has increasingly acknowledged the significance of the social and spatial composition of schools in the broader socio-spatial dynamics of cities overall. With increasingly marketised education systems, parental choice of school is a key mechanism affecting wider urban processes such as gentrification. Most research into school choice in cities concentrates on the dynamics of choice (how and what parents say they choose). Fewer studies deal with the relationship between choice and the subsequent allocation of pupils to schools. This paper reports the findings of an international systematic review of the connections between parental choice and pupil allocation in school choice systems across the globe. We find that school choice is associated with higher levels of segregation of pupils from different socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds between schools. This finding is consistent across all types of choice mechanism, in different countries and cities, and across choice systems that have been in place for different lengths of time. The reasons behind the observed relationship are, however, highly localised and contextual, including particularities of the choice mechanism, social composition of neighbourhoods and mix of school types in a city. Increases in between-school segregation may lead to schools being more homogeneous in their social composition, with broader implications for social cohesion and educational inequalities in cities. Relating the findings to the broader urban school literatures, we suggest that scales and geographies of allocation are critical in understanding the dilemmas and dynamics of choice, the resultant inequalities, and any proposed interventions or solutions to reduce these inequalities.
Addiction and Heroin-Assisted Treatment: Legal Discourse and Drug Reform
Authors: Boyd Susan , Norton Alexa
Published: July 2019

This article analyzes the arguments put forth over a 3-day period at an injunction hearing, Providence Health Care Society v. Canada, held March 13–15, 2014 in Vancouver, British Columbia. The plaintiffs sought broad interlocutory relief from the Court for the provision of prescription heroin if requested by their physicians. This article fills an identified gap in scholarship by analyzing the civil Charter challenge, including the notice of civil claim, injunction court transcripts, judgment, and individual plaintiffs’ affidavits. We draw from Canada’s unique history of drug prohibition and critical drug research to contextualize our analysis and findings. We argue that the lives of people using criminalized drugs, such as heroin, are affected by legal realms that produce ideas about heroin, addiction, and criminality that ultimately impact public health policies and treatment initiatives.
Continuity and change in trade union frames: Evidence from general strikes in Spain
Authors: Barranco Oriol , Molina Oscar
Published: July 2019

This article analyses trade union frames in the context of general strikes in Spain from the late 1970s to 2017. General strikes are critical communicative events for trade unions, in which the way the unions frame their demands and public campaigns reflects the key elements of their strategies. The study of framing in relation to general strikes by the largest union confederation in Spain provides new insights into the capacity of trade unions to adapt to a rapidly changing socioeconomic and political context and, more specifically, to use public discourse as an important element in their revitalization strategy. In contrast with the widespread perception of trade union immobilism, the analysis shows continuity in claims such as job creation, a good public social protection system and the trade unions’ political role, but also changes such as the passage from workerism to citizenism, and from demanding full employment to denouncing precariousness.
Using Bayesian networks with hidden variables for identifying trustworthy users in social networks
Authors: Chen Xu , Yuan Yuyu , Orgun Mehmet Ali
Published: July 2019

The popularity and broad accessibility of online social networks (OSNs) have facilitated effective communication among people, but such networks also pose potential risks that should not be ignored. Interaction through OSNs is complex and can be unsafe, as individuals can be contacted by strangers at any time. This makes the notion of trust a crucial issue in the use of OSNs. However, compared with decision-making processes associated with whether to trust a stranger encountered in everyday life, this task is more difficult to address with regard to OSNs due to the lack of face-to-face communication and prior knowledge between people. In this article, trust evaluation is formalised as a classification problem. We demonstrate how user profiles and historical records can be organised into a logical structure based on Bayesian networks to recognise the trustworthy people without the need to build trust relationships in OSNs. This is possible when a more detailed description of features denoted by hidden variables is considered. We compare the performance of our method with those of six other machine learning methods using Facebook and Twitter datasets, and our results show that our method achieves higher values in accuracy, recall and F1 score.
Brain circuitry, behavior, and cognition: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Bruno Jennifer L , Hosseini SM Hadi , Lightbody Amy A , Manchanda Mai K , Reiss Allan L
Published: July 2019

Background:

Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause for intellectual disability, is associated with alterations in cholinergic among other neurotransmitter systems. This study investigated the effects of donepezil hydrochloride, a cholinesterase inhibitor that has potential to correct aberrant cholinergic signaling.

Method:

Forty-two individuals with fragile X syndrome (mean age=19.61 years) were randomized to receive 2.5–10.0 mg of donepezil ( n=20, seven females) or placebo ( n=22, eight females) per day. One individual in the active group withdrew at week 7. Outcomes included the contingency naming test, the aberrant behavior checklist, and behavior and brain activation patterns during a functional magnetic resonance imaging gaze discrimination task.

Results:

There were no significant differences between active and placebo groups on cognitive (contingency naming task) or behavioral (total score or subscales of the aberrant behavior checklist) outcomes. At baseline, the active and placebo groups did not differ in functional magnetic resonance imaging activation patterns during the gaze task. After 12 weeks of treatment the active group displayed reduced activation in response to the averted vs direct gaze contrast, relative to the placebo group, in the left superior frontal gyrus.

Conclusions:

Reduced functional brain activation for the active group may represent less arousal in response to direct eye gaze, relative to the placebo group. Change in functional magnetic resonance imaging activation patterns may serve as a more sensitive metric and predictor of response to treatment when compared to cognitive and behavioral assessments. Our results suggest that donepezil may have an impact on brain functioning, but longer term follow-up and concomitant behavioral intervention may be required to demonstrate improvement in cognition and behavior.
La gestione della terapia ipoglicemizzante nel paziente con nefropatia da diabete mellito tipo 2
Authors: Manetti Francesco
Published: July 2019

Management of hypoglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is constantly increasing in terms of prevalence and incidence. Subjects with impaired renal function, even if only in the presence of micro/macroalbuminuria, have an increased cardiovascular risk profile. Therefore, we must pay particular attention to the treatment of all associated risk factors. Therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents often requires modulation of drug dosage based on kidney function. Today, there are molecules available that are able not only to induce cardiovascular protection, but also to slow the progression of renal damage.
Knowledge management best practices among rice farmers in selected areas of Tanzania
Authors: Mtega Wulystan Pius , Ngoepe Mpho
Published: July 2019

For improved rice production, farmers need access to timely and relevant knowledge at each stage of the rice-cropping calendar. To understand how farmers involve themselves in acquiring and sharing agricultural knowledge, this study investigates how knowledge management best practices can be enhanced among rice farmers in selected rural areas of Tanzania. Data were collected from 226 rice farmers in three districts (Kilombero, Kilosa and Mvomero) of the Morogoro region in Tanzania. Findings from structured questionnaires and focused group discussion indicate that rice farmers accessed, shared and used agricultural knowledge. It was found that individual, institutional and knowledge factors influence the performance of agricultural knowledge management activities. For enhancing effective agricultural knowledge management, it is important to take into consideration the knowledge management best practices, which include developing effective knowledge infrastructure, involving different stakeholders and using appropriate information and communications technology tools in enhancing access to knowledge. It is concluded that effective knowledge management activities increase the level of adoption of agricultural innovations. It is recommended that the proposed agricultural knowledge management best practices be adapted for improving rice production.
It Is Not All About Money: Obtaining Additional Benefits Through Equity Crowdfunding
Authors: Wald Andreas , Holmesland Merete , Efrat Kalanit
Published: July 2019

Equity crowdfunding allows entrepreneurs to directly access financing from a large number of investors via Internet platforms. Recent research has started to examine additional, non-financial benefits of crowdfunding campaigns. This article connects to this emerging research stream by investigating these additional benefits while discussing their potential to contribute to the success of equity crowdfunding projects. Building on interviews with entrepreneurs and investors from Norway and Israel, we find that the benefits offered by investors to entrepreneurs can be divided into two categories: inward benefits and outward benefits. The latter are aimed at increasing public exposure and advancing the project’s success by recruiting additional investors. By contrast, inward benefits are implemented through investors’ contributions of personal experience and expertise. These benefits are aimed at the entrepreneurs and, when harnessed, can become resources that advance future success. We also find that investors receive personal gain by participating in crowdfunding, which takes the form of personal growth and the development of social capital. These benefits are based on intrinsic motives and complement the financial returns, which are more related to extrinsic motives.
Understanding Nasal Emission During Speech Production: A Review of Types, Terminology, and Causality
Authors: Oren Liran , Kummer Ann , Boyce Suzanne
Published: July 2019

There are several different types of nasal emission that can occur during speech due to either velopharyngeal dysfunction or abnormal articulation in the pharynx. Nasal emission can be inaudible or very loud and distracting, depending on the size of the velopharyngeal opening and the physics of the flow. Nasal emission can be obligatory and/or compensatory (due to abnormal structure) or it can be caused by a misarticulation that results in a substitution of a pharyngeal sound for an oral sound, despite normal velopharyngeal structure. Nasal emission can occur on all pressure-sensitive phonemes or it can be phoneme-specific. Although it is generally recognized that the loud and distracting form of nasal emission (called nasal turbulence or nasal rustle) is due to a small velopharyngeal opening, the causality of the distracted sound is debated. This article provides a brief review of the types of nasal emission, the terms used to describe it, and the potential causes. This article also stresses the need for further research to clarify the causality of the sound generated by a small velopharyngeal opening.
Gray Matter Volume in Elderly adults With ADHD: Associations of Symptoms and Comorbidities With Brain Structures
Authors: Klein Margarete , Souza-Duran Fábio Luis , Menezes Anny Karinna Pires Mendes , Alves Tania Maria , Busatto Geraldo , Louzã Mario R.
Published: July 2019

Objective: To investigate total and selected region-of-interest-based gray matter volume (GMV) in older adults with ADHD. Method: Twenty-five elderly (≥65 years old) patients with ADHD and 34 healthy controls underwent 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used voxel-based morphometry to compare GMV between groups and performed a correlation analysis with ADHD symptoms and comorbidities. Results: Findings revealed a smaller total GMV in males with ADHD and a smaller GMV in the right medial frontal orbital area extending toward the medial frontal superior, the frontal superior, and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) besides correlations between inattentiveness and ACC (bilaterally) and left cerebellum, hyperactivity/impulsivity and the left frontal inferior orbital, depression and caudate (bilaterally), and the right inferior parietal lobule. Conclusion: Neural correlates in regions related to attention, executive control, and affective processing suggest that impairments in frontostriatal and frontoparietal-cerebellar areas observed in adults with ADHD persist into old age.
Static cushioning energy absorption of paper composite sandwich structures with corrugation and honeycomb cores
Authors: Guo Yanfeng , Han Xuxiang , Wang Xingning , Fu Yungang , Xia Ronghou
Published: July 2019

In view of cushioning energy absorption of paper composite sandwich structures with sinusoidal corrugation and hexagonal honeycomb cores, the static yield strength and compression deformation were firstly analyzed by experiments, then the unit volume energy absorption, unit area energy absorption, and specific energy absorption were evaluated. Further, the influences of static compression rate, corrugation types, and honeycomb thickness on the cushioning energy absorption were respectively studied. The experimental observations show that the paper composite sandwich structures are crushed layer by layer due to the difference in the yield strength of sandwiches, and the honeycomb core is crushed after the collapsing of corrugation core. The three evaluation indices of cushioning energy absorption have similar change rule with the compression rate, corrugation types, and honeycomb thickness. The influence of static compression rate on the yield strength and cushioning energy absorption of the paper composite sandwich structure is not obvious. The composite sandwich structures consisting of paper corrugation sandwich with large inertia moment and honeycomb sandwich with large thickness have more excellent cushioning energy absorption, the B-corrugation can increase the unit volume energy absorption of paper composite sandwich structures by up to 18% than C-corrugation, and the 3-honeycomb can increase the unit volume energy absorption of paper composite sandwich structures by up to 32% than 2-honeycomb.
Dang-Ki healing: An embodied relational healing practice in Singapore
Authors: Lee Boon-Ooi , Kirmayer Laurence J.
Published: July 2019

This article explores the processes of transformation of the self in dang-ki healing, a form of Chinese spirit mediumship in Singapore, drawing on more than a decade of ethnographic research. In dang-ki healing, it is believed that a deity possesses a human, who is called a dang-ki, to help clients (i.e., devotees). Through the dang-ki, clients can interact with powerful deities in ways that help them feel hopeful and supported. The dang-kis themselves may also benefit therapeutically from their participation as mediums. Many dang-kis suffer from personal conflicts and distress before becoming a medium and they express and transform their distress through the idiom of spirit possession. Since deities represent traits and moral values promoted in Chinese culture, possession by a deity allows the dang-ki to embody an ideal self and to acquire spiritual knowledge by engaging in ritual practices involving cleansing, self-mortification, stereotyped movements, and altered consciousness. At the same time, junior possessing deities must undergo training under the guidance of senior deities to achieve a higher level of spiritual existence by helping clients through the dang-ki's body. Thus, in dang-ki healing, practitioners, clients and possessing deities are transformed in parallel ways. The dynamics of this reciprocal and interdependent healing process differ from the individualistic approaches in Western psychotherapy and shed light on the links between healing processes, cultural ontologies, and concepts of personhood.
Making a bricolage: An immanent process of experimentation
Authors: Odegard Nina
Published: July 2019

This article draws on a new materialist paradigm to explore bricolaging data from an early childhood research project through an immanent ethical lens. This lens enables the researcher to stretch towards non-hierarchical relationships in between subjects and objects, thinking and doing. A bricoleur explores and builds different knowledge-production pathways, allowing experimentation with a wide range of methods and theoretical perspectives. The argument presented here is that bricolaging data could be a non-hierarchical tool through which the researcher considers materiality and artefacts as intra-active participators. Empirical matter – such as videos, photographs, dialogue transcripts, scribblings, sounds, vibrations, bodies and recycled materials – becomes visible through several reviews and rereadings. Here, the bricoleur explores how various data can be read by bricolaging it together, resulting in several narratives that may disrupt and challenge dominant discourses and present alternative perspectives in early childhood pedagogy.
Diagnostic accuracy of office blood pressure compared to home blood pressure in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: de Heus Rianne AA , Tumelaire Maxime V , Olde Rikkert Marcel GM , Claassen Jurgen AHR
Published: July 2019

Background:

Hypertension and cognitive impairment often coexist in older people. Office blood pressure measurement is a poor indicator for diagnosing hypertension in the general population. However, its diagnostic accuracy has not been substantially studied in patients with cognitive impairment.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of misdiagnosis of hypertension in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia compared to no cognitive impairment, by comparing office blood pressure measurement with home blood pressure measurement.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study including consecutive patients visiting a memory clinic between 2014 and 2017. Home blood pressure was measured for one week according to the European guidelines. Office blood pressure was assessed during routine clinical practice. Using guideline definitions for normal blood pressure and hypertension, we investigated the proportion of disagreement between office blood pressure measurement and home blood pressure measurement. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression compared disagreement in diagnosis between patients with dementia, mild cognitive impairment and no cognitive impairment.

Results:

Of 213 patients (aged 73.4±9.0 years, 42% women) 82 had dementia, 65 had mild cognitive impairment and 66 had no cognitive impairment. Mean office blood pressure was 156/84±23/11 mmHg and mean home blood pressure was 139/79±16/10 mmHg. In 31% of patients, there was disagreement in hypertension diagnosis. This proportion was higher for mild cognitive impairment (38.5%) and dementia (35.4%) compared to no cognitive impairment (18.2%), with adjusted odds ratios of 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1.5–9.0), P=0.005 for mild cognitive impairment and 3.4 (1.3–8.6), P=0.011 for dementia.

Conclusions:

In memory clinic patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, the diagnostic accuracy of office blood pressure measurement is lower compared to patients without cognitive impairment. To avoid the risk of making improper treatment decisions in this vulnerable group, a diagnosis of hypertension should be based on home blood pressure measurement, not office blood pressure measurement.
Live Streaming, Playing, and Money Spending Behaviors in eSports
Authors: Wohn Donghee Yvette , Freeman Guo
Published: July 2019

Live streaming has enabled eSports to become more accessible, ranging from professionally organized tournaments to individuals hosting from their bedroom. While different aspects of eSports have been investigated in separate contexts, in this article, we report findings of two survey studies to explore eSports as a holistic media ecosystem that includes playing, streaming, viewing, and spending. Study 1 looks at cross-platform patterns between playing and spending within the game as well as between viewing, streaming, and spending on live streaming platforms in the context of Fortnite. Study 2 examines the relationships between viewing and spending patterns on live streaming platforms. Results indicate that playing, viewing, and in-game spending are strongly related. Yet none of these behavioral metrics explain why people spend money on live streaming platforms to support streamers. Rather, psychological factors such as emotional attachment to the streamer and appreciation of the streamers’ talents are what drive streamer support.
Effects of Acute Eccentric Exercise on Appetite-Related Hormones and Food Preferences in Men
Authors: Alkahtani Shaea , Aldayel Abdulaziz , Hopkins Mark
Published: July 2019

Eccentric exercise has been suggested to improve muscle atrophy, muscle function, and insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acute eccentric exercise on appetite-related hormones, food preferences, and food intake. Fourteen moderately active men were recruited to participate in this study (age 24.2 ± 5.5 years; BMI 23.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2; VO2max 48.9 ± 3.1 ml/kg/min). Three different conditions were implemented; no exercise, flat running “inclination 0” and downhill running “inclination –12%.” Appetite-related hormones, subjective appetite sensations, food preference and reward, and ad libitum food intake were measured at pre-, immediately post-, and 24 h post exercise. There were no significant median changes in total ghrelin or pancreatic peptide concentrations between conditions. There were also no median differences in subjective appetite ratings or energy intake between conditions, but the median change in explicit liking of sweet versus savory foods differed significantly between pre-exercise and 24 h post exercise ( p = .013). Post-hoc analysis observed a significant difference in the pre-exercise to 24 h post exercise change between front running and downhill running ( p = .023), and indicated greater liking of savory foods over sweet foods in downhill running than front running. However, no further differences were seen between conditions for the remaining food preference parameters, suggesting there were no systematic trends in these data. In conclusion, there was no effect of front and downhill running on eating behavior as compared to a nonexercise control condition, but these data need to be replicated in a larger and more heterogeneous sample.
Competition in the railway passenger market: The challenge of liberalization
Authors: Gutiérrez-Hita Carlos , Ruiz-Rua Aurora
Published: July 2019

European country members have been opening up to competition railway passenger services in recent years, whereas others still remain on the way to liberalization. The recent Commission’s fourth European Union (EU) Railway Package has updated the European legislation to ensure an effective liberalization within the EU country members by 2020. It is intended to enhance firms’ efficiency and also consumers’ benefits. In this article, we study different paths towards liberalization from the traditional state-owned monopoly configuration. First, the monopoly outcome is presented, as it is the current situation in a number of EU country members. Second, the oligopoly models are introduced to study different paths towards an effective competition as a result of different market configurations. It is found that liberalization may enhance consumer surplus keeping operators’ profitability only when variable costs and access charge to the network are low. Finally, some regulatory measures are discussed.
Current perspectives on location of monitoring and length of stay following PPCI for ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Sharkawi Musa A , McMahon Sean , Al Jabri Dania , Thompson Paul D
Published: July 2019

Importance:

There is marked variability in location of care and hospital length of stay after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Observations:

We performed a literature review on non-critical care monitoring and early discharge following primary percutaneous coronary intervention and describe a framework for implementation in the real world. The medical literature was searched from 1 January 1988 to 31 April 2019 using PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomized clinical trials, observational studies and guideline statements were included. Available data suggest that carefully selected low-risk STEMI patients identified using Zwolle or CADILLAC risk stratification scores after primary percutaneous coronary intervention may be considered for discharge after 48 hours of hospital care. There was no increase in major adverse cardiac events, medication non-compliance or hospital readmission with this treatment strategy. There are limited data on non-critical monitoring of uncomplicated STEMI patients; however, given the low adverse events rate, this strategy is likely to be safe in selected patients and may facilitate reduced length of stay and reduce resource utilization.

Conclusions and relevance:

Available evidence supports the safety of early discharge after 48 hours of care and omission of critical care monitoring in carefully selected patients following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Early risk stratification and structured discharge planning are imperative. Adoption of this treatment strategy could reduce hospital costs, resource utilization and enhance patient satisfaction without affecting outcomes.
“Next Person Up”: Understanding Collegiate Student-Athletes’ Socialization Experiences With Teammate Exit
Authors: Fontana Joseph L. , Cranmer Gregory A. , Sollitto Michael
Published: July 2019

The present study explored collegiate student-athletes’ socialization experiences following teammate exit. Fourteen student-athletes (six male and eight female) from nonrevenue-generating sports at two universities (a Division I and a Division II) participated in semistructured interviews. Three major focuses structured this study: (a) meaning attributed to teammate exit, (b) alteration of student-athletes’ tasks and roles, and (c) changes to student-athletes’ relationships with teammates and coaches. The results showed consistent themes amongst participants in terms of meanings attached to types of exits (e.g., exhausted eligibility and removal from team) and alterations to tasks, roles, and relationships. Overall, the study provides a theoretical shift from previous transitional literature by focusing on the remaining team members rather than the exiting athlete, as well as validating the organizational structures and processes by which collegiate teams function, which adds information about organizing and enacting communicative processes of sport. Lastly, practical implications are provided for coaches and sport management to maintain team relations and optimize team performance following athlete exit.
CD19 CAR T cells following autologous transplantation in poor-risk relapsed and refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Sauter Craig S. , Senechal Brigitte , Rivière Isabelle , Ni Ai , Bernal Yvette , Wang Xiuyan , Purdon Terence , Hall Malloury , Singh Ashvin N. , Szenes Victoria Z. , Yoo Sarah , Dogan Ahmet , Wang Yongzeng , Moskowitz Craig H. , Giralt Sergio , Matasar Matthew J. , Perales Miguel-Angel , Curran Kevin J. , Park Jae , Sadelain Michel , Brentjens Renier J.
Published: July 2019

High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT) is the standard of care for relapsed or primary refractory (rel/ref) chemorefractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Only 50% of patients are cured with this approach. We investigated safety and efficacy of CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells administered following HDT-ASCT. Eligibility for this study includes poor-risk rel/ref aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma chemosensitive to salvage therapy with: (1) positron emission tomography–positive disease or (2) bone marrow involvement. Patients underwent standard HDT-ASCT followed by 19-28z CAR T cells on days +2 and +3. Of 15 subjects treated on study, dose-limiting toxicity was observed at both dose levels (5 × 106 and 1 × 107 19-28z CAR T per kilogram). Ten of 15 subjects experienced CAR T-cell–induced neurotoxicity and/or cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which were associated with greater CAR T-cell persistence (P = .05) but not peak CAR T-cell expansion. Serum interferon-γ elevation (P < .001) and possibly interleukin-10 (P = .07) were associated with toxicity. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) is 30% (95% confidence interval, 20% to 70%).  Subjects given decreased naive-like (CD45RA+CCR7+) CD4+ and CD8+ CAR T cells experienced superior PFS (P = .02 and .04, respectively). There was no association between CAR T-cell peak expansion, persistence, or cytokine changes and PFS. 19-28z CAR T cells following HDT-ASCT were associated with a high incidence of reversible neurotoxicity and CRS. Following HDT-ASCT, effector CD4+ and CD8+ immunophenotypes may improve disease control. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01840566.
Platelet hyaluronidase-2 regulates the early stages of inflammatory disease in colitis
Authors: Petrey Aaron C. , Obery Dana R. , Kessler Sean P. , Zawerton Ash , Flamion Bruno , de la Motte Carol A.
Published: July 2019

Platelets are specialized cells essential for hemostasis that also function as crucial effectors capable of mediating inflammatory and immune responses. These sentinels continually survey their environment and discriminate between homeostatic and danger signals such as modified components of the extracellular matrix. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a major extracellular matrix component that coats the vascular lumen and, under normal conditions, restricts access of inflammatory cells. In response to tissue damage, the endothelial HA matrix enhances leukocyte recruitment and regulates the early stages of the inflammatory response. We have shown that platelets can degrade HA from the surface of activated endothelial cells via the enzyme hyaluronidase-2 (HYAL2) and that HYAL2 is deficient in platelets isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Platelets are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic disease states, including IBD, but they have been largely overlooked in the context of intestinal inflammation. We therefore wanted to define the mechanism by which platelet HYAL2 regulates the inflammatory response during colitis. In this study, we provide evidence that HA catabolism is disrupted in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells isolated from patients with IBD. Furthermore, mice deficient in HYAL2 are more susceptible to an acute model of colitis, and this increased susceptibility is abrogated by transfusion of HYAL2-competent platelets. Finally, we show that platelets, via HYAL2-dependent degradation of endothelial HA, regulate the early stages of inflammation in colitis by limiting leukocyte extravasation.
Proximity proteomics of endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies identifies novel regulator of von Willebrand factor secretion
Authors: Holthenrich Anna , Drexler Hannes C. A. , Chehab Tarek , Naß Johannes , Gerke Volker
Published: July 2019

Weibel-Palade (WPB) bodies are endothelial cell organelles that store von Willebrand factor (VWF) and other proteins important for vascular hemostasis. Holthenrich and colleagues used an elegant proximity proteomics approach to compile a complete catalog of WPB-associated proteins and identify Munc13-2 as a novel factor mediating VWF secretion via WPB exocytosis.
Hormonal Regulation of Patient-Derived Endometrial Cancer Stem-like Cells Generated by Three-Dimensional Culture
Authors: Shiba Sachiko , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Suzuki Takashi , Shintani Daisuke , Okamoto Koji , Horie-Inoue Kuniko , Hasegawa Kosei , Inoue Satoshi
Published: July 2019

Low-grade and early-stage endometrial cancer usually has a favorable prognosis, whereas recurrent or metastatic disease is often difficult to cure. Thus, the molecular mechanisms underlying advanced pathophysiology remain to be elucidated. From the perspective of the origin of advanced endometrial cancer, the characterization of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) will be the first step toward the development of clinical management. We established long-term culturable patient-derived cancer cells (PDCs) from patient endometrial tumors by spheroid cell culture, which is favorable for the enrichment of CSCs. PDC-derived xenograft tumors were generated in immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2RγKO Jic mice. Morphologically, PDCs derived from three distinct patient samples and their xenograft tumors recapitulated the corresponding original patient tumors. Of note, CSC-related genes including ALDH1A1 were upregulated in all of these PDCs, and the therapeutic potentiality of aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors was demonstrated. In addition, these PDCs and their patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models exhibited distinct characteristics on the basis of their hormone responsiveness and metastatic features. Interestingly, genes associated with inflammation and tumor immunity were upregulated by 17β-estradiol in PDC lines with high estrogen receptor expression and were also overexpressed in secondary PDCs obtained from metastatic tumor models. These results suggest that PDC and PDX models from endometrial cancer specimens would be useful to elucidate CSC traits and to develop alternative diagnostic and therapeutic options for advanced disease.
In Silico Predictions of Endocrine Disruptors Properties
Authors: Schneider Melanie , Pons Jean-Luc , Labesse Gilles , Bourguet William
Published: July 2019

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a broad class of molecules present in our environment that are suspected to cause adverse effects in the endocrine system by interfering with the synthesis, transport, degradation, or action of endogenous ligands. The characterization of the harmful interaction between environmental compounds and their potential cellular targets and the development of robust in vivo, in vitro, and in silico screening methods are important for assessment of the toxic potential of large numbers of chemicals. In this context, computer-aided technologies that will allow for activity prediction of endocrine disruptors and environmental risk assessments are being developed. These technologies must be able to cope with diverse data and connect chemistry at the atomic level with the biological activity at the cellular, organ, and organism levels. Quantitative structure–activity relationship methods became popular for toxicity issues. They correlate the chemical structure of compounds with biological activity through a number of molecular descriptors (e.g., molecular weight and parameters to account for hydrophobicity, topology, or electronic properties). Chemical structure analysis is a first step; however, modeling intermolecular interactions and cellular behavior will also be essential. The increasing number of three-dimensional crystal structures of EDCs’ targets has provided a wealth of structural information that can be used to predict their interactions with EDCs using docking and scoring procedures. In the present review, we have described the various computer-assisted approaches that use ligands and targets properties to predict endocrine disruptor activities.