bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Metabolites Link Dietary Patterns to Stroke Risk
Authors: Bhave Varun M. , Ament Zsuzsanna , Patki Amit , Gao Yan , Kijpaisalratana Naruchorn , Guo Boyi , Chaudhary Ninad S. , Guarniz Ana‐Lucia Garcia , Gerszten Robert , Correa Adolfo , Cushman Mary , Judd Suzanne , Irvin M. Ryan , Kimberly W. Taylor
Published: November 2022

Objective

While dietary intake is linked to stroke risk, surrogate markers that could inform personalized dietary interventions are lacking. We identified metabolites associated with diet patterns and incident stroke in a nested cohort from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Methods

Levels of 162 metabolites were measured in baseline plasma from stroke cases (n = 1,198) and random controls (n = 904). We examined associations between metabolites and a plant‐based diet pattern previously linked to reduced stroke risk in REGARDS. Secondary analyses included 3 additional stroke‐associated diet patterns: a Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Southern diet. Metabolites were tested using Cox proportional hazards models with incident stroke as the outcome. Replication was performed in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Inverse odds ratio‐weighted mediation was used to determine whether metabolites mediated the association between a plant‐based diet and stroke risk.

Results

Metabolites associated with a plant‐based diet included the gut metabolite indole‐3‐propionic acid (β = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.14, 0.33], p = 1.14 × 10−6), guanosine (β = −0.13, 95% CI [−0.19, −0.07], p = 6.48 × 10−5), gluconic acid (β = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.18, −0.04], p = 2.06 × 10−3), and C7 carnitine (β = −0.16, 95% CI [−0.24, −0.09], p = 4.14 × 10−5). All of these metabolites were associated with both additional diet patterns and altered stroke risk. Mediation analyses identified guanosine (32.6% mediation, p = 1.51 × 10−3), gluconic acid (35.7%, p = 2.28 × 10−3), and C7 carnitine (26.2%, p = 1.88 × 10−2) as mediators linking a plant‐based diet to reduced stroke risk.

Interpretation

A subset of diet‐related metabolites are associated with risk of stroke. These metabolites could serve as surrogate markers that inform dietary interventions. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:500–510
Synthesis and performance evaluation of crosslinker for seawater‐based fracturing fluid
Authors: Miao Guohao , Zhang Hai , Yang Yu , Qu Jin , Ma Xinru , Zheng Junping , Liu Xiaofei
Published: November 2022

Zirconium is one of the most commonly used crosslinkers for guar gum‐based fracturing fluid. Nevertheless, it is difficult for zirconium crosslinkers applied in fracturing to possess both high temperature resistance and adjustable crosslinking time. Meanwhile, few people did systematical research on the crosslinking process of fracturing fluid. In this study, an organic zirconium crosslinker with high temperature resistance and controllable crosslinking time was synthesized. The seawater‐based fracturing fluid gel prepared with the crosslinker could perform well under 170°C. Oscillatory shear experiments were conducted to analyze the rheology of the gelation process. Moreover, steady‐state shear and micro‐rheological tests were conducted to analyze the dynamic and static crosslinking process of the fracturing fluid, respectively. Meanwhile, rheo‐kinetic equation was used to fit the data and the effects that various factors had on the gelation process were illustrated thoroughly. This study not only prepared an organic zirconium crosslinker with good performances, but also explored the crosslinking process of fracturing fluid gel, which could improve its further application in oilfields.
Unknown system dynamics estimator based coordinated control of the ultra supercritical boiler‐turbine unit with coal pulverizing delay for large load accommodation
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Yang Qinmin , Meng Wenchao
Published: November 2022

The ultra‐supercritical boiler‐turbine unit is required to accommodate large‐range load following to maintain the stability of grid frequency. However, the input delay in the coal pulverizing process poses a challenge to the coordinated control of the boiler‐turbine unit, which is always neglected in existing works but dramatically affects the stability of steam pressure and temperature. In this paper, to handle the delay caused by coal pulverizing, a predictor‐based delay compensation structure is developed for producing a delay‐free control framework for the throttle steam pressure. Moreover, to overcome intrinsic nonlinearities in the dynamics of the boiler‐turbine unit, the unknown system dynamics estimator is employed in the controllers' design for the steam enthalpy in the separator and active power of the turbine. Thus, precise and fast regulation for the active power output can be achieved under wide load following task. The salient merit of the proposed control is that the overshot of the throttle steam pressure and the specific enthalpy in the separator can be significantly alleviated, which is necessary for turbine blade. A Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional is introduced to deal with the time delay in the stability proof. Finally, the proposed coordinated control is validated in three typical working scenarios.
The importance of low IQ to early diagnosis of autism
Authors: Denisova Kristina , Lin Zhichun
Published: November 2022

Some individuals can flexibly adapt to life's changing demands while others, in particular those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), find it challenging. The origin of early individual differences in cognitive abilities, the putative tools with which to navigate novel information in life, including in infants later diagnosed with ASD remains unexplored. Moreover, the role of intelligence quotient (IQ) vis‐à‐vis core features of autism remains debated. We systematically investigate the contribution of early IQ in future autism outcomes in an extremely large, population‐based study of 8000 newborns, infants, and toddlers from the US between 2 and 68 months with over 15,000 cross‐sectional and longitudinal assessments, and for whom autism outcomes are ascertained or ruled out by about 2–4 years. This population is representative of subjects involved in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐funded research, mainly on atypical development, in the US. Analyses using predetermined age bins showed that IQ scores are consistently lower in ASD relative to typically developing (TD) children at all ages (p < 0.001), and IQ significantly correlates with social, non‐social, and total Calibrated Severity Scores (CSS) on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) (p<0.01). Lower IQ is associated with greater autistic impairments. Note, verbal IQ (VIQ) is no better than the full‐scale IQ to predict ASD cases. These findings raise new, compelling questions about potential atypical brain circuitry affecting performance in both verbal and nonverbal abilities and preceding an ASD diagnosis. This study is the first to establish prospectively that low early IQ is a major feature of ASD in early childhood.

Lay Summary

The role of IQ scores in autism remains debated. We systematically investigate the contribution of early IQ in an extremely large study of 8,000 children between 2 and 68 months with autism outcomes by about 2–4 years. We show that IQ scores are consistently lower in ASD relative to TD children. This study is the first to establish prospectively that low early IQ is a predictor for ASD diagnosis in early childhood.
Acid digestion and symbiont: Proton sharing at the origin of mitochondriogenesis?
Authors: Mencía Mario
Published: November 2022

The initial relationships between organisms leading to endosymbiosis and the first eukaryote are currently a topic of hot debate. Here, I present a theory that offers a gradual scenario in which the origins of phagocytosis and mitochondria are intertwined in such a way that the evolution of one would not be possible without the other. In this scenario, the premitochondrial bacterial symbiont became initially associated with a protophagocytic host on the basis of cooperation to kill prey with symbiont‐produced toxins and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Subsequently, the cooperation was focused on the digestion stage, through the acidification of the protophagocytic cavities via exportation of protons produced by the aerobic respiration of the symbiont. The host gained an improved phagocytic capacity and the symbiont received organic compounds from prey. As the host gradually lost its membrane energetics to develop lysosomal digestion, respiration was centralized in the premitochondrial symbiont for energy production for the consortium.
Gamma oscillations and application of 40‐Hz audiovisual stimulation to improve brain function
Authors: Chen Xixi , Shi Xiaolong , Wu Yuwei , Zhou Zhiqing , Chen Songmei , Han Yan , Shan Chunlei
Published: November 2022

Background

Audiovisual stimulation, such as auditory stimulation, light stimulation, and audiovisual combined stimulation, as a non‐invasive stimulation, which can induce gamma oscillation, has received increased attention in recent years, and it has been preliminarily applied in the clinical rehabilitation of brain dysfunctions, such as cognitive, language, motor, mood, and sleep dysfunctions. However, the exact mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of 40‐Hz audiovisual stimulation remains unclear; the clinical applications of 40‐Hz audiovisual stimulation in brain dysfunctions rehabilitation still need further research.

Objective

In order to provide new insights into brain dysfunction rehabilitation, this review begins with a discussion of the mechanism underlying 40‐Hz audiovisual stimulation, followed by a brief evaluation of its clinical application in the rehabilitation of brain dysfunctions.

Results

Currently, 40‐Hz audiovisual stimulation was demonstrated to affect synaptic plasticity and modify the connection status of related brain networks in animal experiments and clinical trials. Although its promising efficacy has been shown in the treatment of cognitive, mood, and sleep impairment, research studies into its application in language and motor dysfunctions are still ongoing.

Conclusions

Although 40‐Hz audiovisual stimulation seems to be effective in treating cognitive, mood, and sleep disorders, its role in language and motor dysfunctions has yet to be determined.
Towards sustainable development in the hospitality sector: Does green human resource management stimulate green creativity? A moderated mediation model
Authors: Abualigah Ahmad , Koburtay Tamer , Bourini Islam , Badar Kamal , Gerged Ali Meftah
Published: November 2022

Green human resource management (GHRM) is an important organisational approach to promote the sustainable development of organisations. Although the literature regarding the effect of GHRM is growing, little is known about the mechanisms and boundary conditions that may facilitate the link between GHRM and green outcomes. Through a combined underpinning of ability–motivation–opportunity, job demands–resources and social exchange theories, this study examines the relationship between GHRM and green creativity through green work engagement, with spiritual leadership moderating the GHRM–green work engagement relationship. Also, we explore the links between GHRM, spiritual leadership, green work engagement and green creativity using a moderated mediation model. Using survey data of 271 front‐line hotel employees in UAE, we use a partial least squares structural equation modelling to conduct our statistical analysis. The results show that GHRM positively influences green work engagement and green creativity, while green work engagement positively influences green creativity and mediates the GHRM–green creativity nexus. In addition, spiritual leadership amplifies the nexus between GHRM and green work engagement and the mediating effect of green work engagement in the nexus between GHRM and green creativity in the context of the hospitality sector in the UAE. Our study offers industry‐specific practical implications and suggests agendas for further research.
Impact of high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio on survival in hospitalized cancer patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Díaz‐Couselo Fernando A. , Flagel Santiago , Nicolini Carla , Halac Sebastián , Manzano Natalia , Aguirre Marina , Rébora Juan , Valle Sandra , Noro Laura , Mohindroo Chirayu , McAllister Florencia , Zylberman Marcelo
Published: November 2022

Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been studied as a prognostic factor for mortality in COVID‐19 patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between NLR at COVID‐19 diagnosis and survival during the following 90 days in hospitalized patients with solid cancer. Between May 2020 and June 2021, 120 patients were included in a retrospective cohort study. Univariable analysis showed patients with an NLR > 8.3 were associated with an increased risk of death (HR: 4.34; 95% CI: 1.74–10.84) compared to patients with NLR < 3.82 and with NLR ≥3.82 and ≤8.30 (HR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.32–6.36). Furthermore, on multivariable analysis, NLR > 8.30 independently correlated with increased mortality. In patients with solid malignancies with COVID‐19, an NLR > 8.3 is associated with an increased risk of death.
Post‐kidney transplant cancers: Racial and ethnic differences in sun‐exposed skin versus non‐sun‐exposed anogenital skin
Authors: Takeda Kotaro , Risley Carolann , Kousar Aisha , Briley Kimberly P. , Prenshaw Karyn , Talluri Rajesh , Geisinger Kim R. , Rebellato Lorita M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Transplant recipients have a 2‐ to 4‐fold increased risk of developing malignancies over the general population. Cancer is the second most common cause of death for recipients. The magnitude of the risk depends on the cancer type and increases in viral‐related malignancies. Skin cancer is the most common. However, data in most cancer registries is limited to cutaneous melanomas, thereby limiting the epidemiologic examination of cancer risk in non‐melanoma skin cancer. Our goal was to evaluate post‐kidney transplant cancer cases and sites in our population to guide screening recommendations.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2015, a retrospective study of adult kidney recipients transplanted at East Carolina University was conducted. The first cancer diagnosis after transplant through February 18, 2020, was captured and analyzed. Patient demographics, cancer sites, and histological diagnoses were analyzed and compared. p16 immunohistochemistry was used as a surrogate marker for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Results

Retrospectively, kidney transplant recipients were analyzed (N = 439), the majority were non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) individuals, 312 (71.1%), and 127 (28.9%) were non‐Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. Of these, 59 (13.4%) developed a posttransplant malignancy, with the majority on sun‐exposed skin found in NHW. NHB had all anogenital/mucosa skin cancers on non‐sun‐exposed skin. Of these detected in NHB, all were squamous cell carcinomas, with five out of six (83.3%) being positive for p16.

Conclusions

Posttransplant malignancy differed significantly by race, site, and potential source of etiology. The majority of malignancies are likely explained by acceleration of precursor lesions from prior exposure to ultraviolet rays or HPV.
Cost‐effectiveness of first‐line versus second‐line use of domestic anti‐PD‐1 antibody sintilimab in Chinese patients with advanced or metastatic squamous non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cheng Rihua , Zhou Zhen , Liu Qiao
Published: November 2022

Background

Programmed cell death protein‐1/programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐1/L1) inhibitor is a promising therapeutic option that can be used as either a first‐line or second‐line treatment for driver‐negative advanced or metastatic squamous non‐small cell lung cancers (sqNSCLC). However, reuse of PD‐1/L1 inhibitor in second‐line beyond progression after the first‐line is generally not recommended. Therefore, oncologists face challenges in making a proper decision of using PD‐1/L1 inhibitor. This analysis aimed to determine whether it is more cost‐effective to use sintilimab, a domestic anti‐PD‐1 drug in China, as a first‐line treatment than reserving it until second‐line.

Methods

We conducted a cost‐effectiveness analysis to compare the use of sintilimab in the first‐line setting with reserving its use until the second‐line for driver‐negative advanced or metastatic sqNSCLC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. A Markov model composed of five main mutually independent health states and three temporary health states was established to simulate patients' clinical trajectory. Transition probabilities, including disease progression, survival, and adverse events‐related treatment discontinuation, were estimated using data from the ORIENT‐12, ORIENT‐3, and ALTER0303 clinical trials. The robustness of the model was assessed using deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results

Reserving the use of sintilimab until the second‐line was associated with a greater effectiveness (1.52 vs. 1.37 quality‐adjusted life‐years [QALYs]) and a higher healthcare cost ($12,203 vs. $14,045) compared with the first‐line sintilimab, resulting in an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $12,693 per QALY. The results of DSA suggested that variations in all parameters did not result in the ICERs surpassing the willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $35,663/QALY.

Conclusions

For Chinese patients with driver‐negative advanced or metastatic sqNSCLC, reserving the use of sintilimab until the second‐line represents a cost‐effective treatment strategy compared with the first‐line treatment. This finding is useful to inform Chinese healthcare policymakers regarding the optimized treatment strategies of use of domestic PD‐1/L1 inhibitors sintilimab.
Differential privacy protection method for trip‐oriented shared data
Authors: Du Danlei , Luo Entao , Yi Yang , Peng Tao , Li Xubin , Zhang Shaobo , Jiang Xu , Wang Tian
Published: November 2022

While location information sharing technology provides convenience for unmanned driving and journey navigation, user journey information sharing has also become a disaster for privacy information leakage. The traditional differential privacy method can only perturb the data entirely and cannot consider the design of data availability. In this paper, the difference privacy algorithm is improved by combining it with the Apriori algorithm, and the relevant perturbation is carried out after mining the associated data of the user's trip. In the face of possible data attacks, the privacy protection of the sensitive information of the user's actual data is ensured while the availability of the data is ensured. By testing 3000 trip data generated by experimental simulation, the results show that the correlation information between the original datasets is destroyed. However good availability is maintained after the Laplace data perturbation of the proposed algorithm for both simultaneous and multi‐person trips.
Recognizing the Indian Cautionary Traffic Signs usingGAN, Improved MaskR‐CNN, and Grab Cut
Authors: Satti Satish Kumar , K Suganya Devi , P Srinivasan
Published: November 2022

The detection and classification of traffic signs is a major challenge for self‐driving vehicles. The task can be narrowed down to detecting and classifying Indian Cautionary Traffic Signs (ICTS). In this proposed work, the difficulty of detecting and identifying Indian Cautionary Traffic Signs is addressed, and sincere attempts have been made to attain a possible solution using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), Improved Mask R‐CNN, and GrabCut algorithms. Data augmentation is done using Cascade Pyramid Generative Adversarial Network (CP‐GAN) to upsize the data set. The Mask R‐CNN with certain adoptions termed Improved mask RCNN is used in conjunction with the Grab‐Cut method to handle ICTS detection and identification through automatic end‐to‐end learning. Initially, Improved Mask R‐CNN generates a pixel‐by‐pixel segmentation mask for each item in the input sample. Masks developed using Improved Mask R‐CNN are not always clean, that is, some background pixels are often seen in the foreground segmentation. Hence, the generated masks are refined using the Grab Cut algorithm to enhance image segmentation. This combined approach works well in isolating the traffic signs from the ground truth images. Improved Mask R‐CNN attained better performance in the overall performance of traffic sign detection in the Indian data‐set. This method recognizes 40 different types of cautionary traffic signs from the unique Indian data set. The results are provided for complicated traffic sign categories that have not been addressed before. The proposed technique is trained and evaluated on ICTS, GTSDB, STSD, LISA, and DITS data sets, and it is also compared against cutting‐edge object recognition methods like Mask RCNN, Faster RCNN, SSD, and YOLOv3.
The firm under the spotlight: How stakeholder scrutiny shapes corporate social responsibility and its influence on performance
Authors: Forcadell Francisco Javier , Lorena Antonio , Aracil Elisa
Published: November 2022

Since stakeholders cannot directly observe corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts, companies attempt to back up their increasing sustainability claims by sending CSR signals. The environment in which signaling takes place influences the credibility of the signals. Among the factors that make up the signaling environment, the overall exposure of the company to different stakeholders (i.e., stakeholder scrutiny) has been neglected by the literature. Using signaling and stakeholder theories, we argue how stakeholder scrutiny shapes CSR signals' credibility. We empirically analyze a sample of 5762 firms across several sectors from 23 developed countries from 2013 to 2017. Stakeholder scrutiny exercises a positive effect on the credibility of CSR signals through a mediated‐moderated impact of CSR (across environmental, social, and governance dimensions) on firm performance.
Atomically Adjustable Rhodium Catalyst Synthesis with Outstanding Mass Activity via Surface‐Limited Cation Exchange
Authors: Lee Hak Hyeon , Kim Dong Su , Sarker Swagotom , Choi Ji Hoon , Lee Ho Seong , Cho Hyung Koun
Published: November 2022

Rh has been widely studied as a catalyst for the promising hydrazine oxidation reaction that can replace oxygen evolution reactions for boosting hydrogen production from hydrazine‐containing wastewater. Despite Rh being expensive, only a few studies have examined its electrocatalytic mass activity. Herein, surface‐limited cation exchange and electrochemical activation processes are designed to remarkably enhance the mass activity of Rh. Rh atoms were readily replaced at the Ni sites on the surface of NiOOH electrodes by cation exchange, and the resulting RhOOH compounds were activated by the electrochemical reduction process. The cation exchange‐derived Rh catalysts exhibited particle sizes not exceeding 2 nm without agglomeration, indicating a decrease in the number of inactive inner Rh atoms. Consequently, an improved mass activity of 30 A mgRh−1 was achieved at 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, the two‐electrode system employing the same CE‐derived Rh electrodes achieved overall hydrazine splitting over 36 h at a stable low voltage. The proposed surface‐limited CE process is an effective method for reducing inactive atoms of expensive noble metal catalysts.
Immobilization of Lipoxygenase, Catalase, and Lipase for a Reactor Design Targeting Linoleic Acid Hydroperoxidation
Authors: Gala Marti Valentin , Müller Christoph , Spektor Vitaliy , Schörken Ulrich
Published: November 2022

Hydroperoxy‐9Z,11E‐octadecadienoic acid (13‐HPODE) can be obtained from safflower oil in an enzyme cascade utilizing lipase, lipoxygenase (LOX), and catalase for in situ oxygen generation. The application of immobilized enzymes may open a new path to a cost‐efficient production of 13‐HPODE, which is used for the synthesis of green note aroma hexanal. Ten immobilization supports are compared for immobilization of lipoxygenase‐1 from Glycine max (LOX‐1) and oxirane‐based Immobead 150 P proves to be best with a maximum LOX‐1 activity of 22 470 U g−1. The immobilizate is successfully recycled in eight consecutive batches and maintains full activity over a period of 16 h using a 3D‐printed column reactor. Catalase from Micrococcus lysodeikticus and LOX‐1 are co‐immobilized on Immobead 150 P allowing a constant production of 13‐HPODE for up to six cycles with a maximum product conversion of 45% and a 13‐regioselectivity of 83%
. In this two‐enzyme system with H2O2‐dosage, foam generation is significantly reduced. Co‐immobilization of LOX‐1 and lipaseis possible; however, rapid lipase deactivation occurs. Therefore, a two‐reactor approach with oil hydrolysis in the first reactor is proposed. Immobilized lipases from C. rugosa are suitable for safflower oil hydrolysis and maintain full activity over ten hydrolysis cycles.

Practical applications: Linoleic acid hydroperoxide (13‐HPODE) is the starting material for the synthesis of the green note aroma compound hexanal. The byproduct of the hydroperoxide splitting is ω‐oxododecenoic acid, which is currently not employed industrially. The bifunctional oxodocecenoic acid is interesting as precursor for the synthesis of polymer building blocks. Simple one‐step derivatization of the oxo‐group can yield suitable C12 monomers such as dicarboxylic acids, ω‐amino acids, or ω‐hydroxy acids. Cost‐efficiency is a key parameter to incorporate these new biobased building blocks for polymer applications. In this approach, immobilized enzymes are used for the synthesis of 13‐HPODE starting from safflower oil with in situ oxygen generation to prevent excessive foam formation. A two‐reactor concept is designed to circumvent hydroperoxide‐induced lipase deactivation. Direct comparison of both batch and continuous process is performed and provides information for the implementation of the enzyme cascade and the design of an optimized reactor system.
RETRACTED: Internet of Things security framework based on near field communication with Otway Rees protocol
Authors: Musa Jaber Mustafa , Yussof Salman , Ali Mohammed Hassan , Khalil Abd Sura , Jassim Mustafa Mohammed , Alkhayyat Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are crucial in different industries because they provide high‐functioning services to the IoT network connectivity. The IoT devices collect sensitive data, which comes under potential risk while transmitting data from one location to another. The data transmission is performed using various communication protocols that give security to the data. The intermediate attacks such as jamming, collision, flooding, worm‐hole, black‐hole and so forth create several security‐related issues. These intermediate attacks affect data privacy, trust, user identity, which completely affects the IoT device performance. So, this article introduces the near field communication (NFC) protocol with the Otway Rees protocol for making the secure communication process. In IoT applications based on short‐range communication, intermediate attacker issues have been reduced by combining NFC protocol features with Otway Rees protocol features. The NFC protocol provides baseline security trustworthiness while making the communication in the IoT environment cost‐effective. IoT communication is protected while cost‐effective using the security model, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality. In addition to this, the user and servers are authenticated for every session, which provides data security. Moreover, the discussed system is implemented using the NS2 simulation tool, ensuring security and trust with minimum complexity. Even in abnormal traffic conditions, our proposed method resulted in data transmission speeds (up to 289 Kb/s), and this feature can improve processing times.
Hydroxyl radical enhanced carbon dots fluorescence quenching immunoassays for simultaneous detection of six kinds of antibiotics
Authors: Li Shijie , Nie Linqing , Wen Wenjun , Wang Zicheng , Wang Junping , Wang Shuo
Published: November 2022

Hydroxyl radical (•OH)‐sensitive carbon dots (CDs) with an excitation wavelength of 390 nm and emission wavelength of 525 nm were synthesized by microwave in one‐step. Using CDs as fluorescent probes, an •OH‐enhanced fluorescence quenching detection signal based on horseradish peroxidasecatalyzed H2O2 was introduced on the basis of enzyme‐linked immunoassay, and a •OH‐enhanced label‐free fluorescence quenching immunoassay (FQIA) was constructed for high‐sensitivity detection of six broad‐spectrum antibiotics. When used for nitrofuran Q2 metabolites (3‐amino‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one, 3‐amino‐5‐(morpholin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one, 1‐aminohydantoin hydrochloride, semicarbazide hydrochloride), chloramphenicol (CAP) and florfenicol (FLR) detection, FQIAs achieved high sensitivity detection of 0.061, 0.0058, 0.064, 0.045, 0.015, and 0.01 ng/ml, respectively. Compared with ELISA, the detection sensitivity was improved by 2.03‐ to 7.8‐fold. On this basis, the sample pretreatment methods for six targets were optimized, and the simultaneous extraction and high‐sensitivity detection of six targets were achieved. The FQIA proposed in this work improved the detection sensitivity, reduced the sample consumption and pretreatment steps, shortened the extraction time, and improved the detection efficiency, which provided support for the development and application of new immunoassay products and the development of the rapid analysis industry.
Physicochemical parameters and nutritional profile of back and abdomen muscle of fresh golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) and hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
Authors: Ali Ahtisham , Wang Jinfang , Khan Imran , Wei Shuai , Sun Qinxiu , Xia Qiuyu , Wang Zefu , Han Zongyuan , Liu Shucheng
Published: November 2022

Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) and hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) has widely been distributed in China and Southeast Asian countries with great commercial importance. In this study, the nutritional profiles, chemical and physical parameters of back and abdomen muscles were determined. Significantly different (p < .05) proximate compositions were found in two fish muscles. The contents of water‐soluble protein, salt‐soluble protein, and non‐nitrogenous protein were higher in the golden pompano while salt‐insoluble proteins were higher in the hybrid grouper. The main minerals found were K (3700.56–4495.57 μg/g) followed by P > Na > Mg > and Ca, respectively. Fatty acids contents consisted of polyunsaturated fatty acids ranging from 29.40% to 43.09% and saturated fatty acids 28.33% to 39.61%. The muscles were rich in n‐3 PUFAs with n‐6/n‐3 ratio of 1.36%–2.96% in the back and abdomen. On the other hand, total amino acid and non‐essential amino acid contents were found higher in the hybrid grouper while essential amino acid and delicious amino acid contents were higher in the golden pompano. Glutamic acid was the most predominant amino acid. The amino acid scores (AAS) of six amino acids were close to 1.00, whereas lysine showed the highest AAS while tryptophan was the most limited essential amino acid in all muscles, respectively. These results indicated golden pompano and hybrid grouper exhibited a varied nutritional composition and offered a good nutritional profile.
Application of inulin in bread: A review of technological properties and factors affecting its stability
Authors: Mohammadi Faezeh , Shiri Ameneh , Tahmouzi Sima , Mollakhalili‐Meybodi Neda , Nematollahi Amene
Published: November 2022

Due to its dual function, inulin is an important prebiotic compound in the cereal industry, especially in bread production. In other words, improving technological features and creating health properties (such as reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis) have led to the widespread use of this compound. Inulin has many important technological functions in bread, including its ability to interact with water, create structure, and influence rheological properties, texture, and overall acceptability of the final product. Nevertheless, bread processing conditions can influence the structural integrity of inulin and thus affect its technological efficiency. Therefore, this review article aims to investigate the technological properties and factors affecting the stability of inulin during bread processing conditions. Generally, the addition of inulin could considerably improve the technical performance of bread. However, the stability of inulin depends on the formulation components, type of fermentation, and baking process.
Flume experiment study of the formation process and sedimentary characteristics of a shallow‐water delta
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhu Yixiang , Lei Zhengdong , Li Shunming , Jiang Yun
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the influence of water level oscillation and sediment supply volume on shallow‐water delta development by means of a flume experiment. The experiment simulated the natural water level by dividing a cycle of sediment period into four parts: the draught period, the flood period (FP), the interflood period in a falling limb (IPF) and the interflood period in a rising limb (IPR). During the FP, flooding broke former channels and a large amount of sediments were evenly unloaded at the surface of lobes. Erosion often appeared at the beginning of the IPF and was dominant at low stand. Most sediments were concentrated in incised valleys and unloaded at the channel mouth to form a new lobe during the falling limb. Erosional channels and lobes were broken at the IPR. Sediments homogeneously covered the surface of lobes and few new lobes appeared during the period. Different sediment supplies influenced the characteristics of incised valley and channel style. Low sediment supply to the delta was strongly influenced by water level change, while high sediment supply was mainly affected by fluvial processes. Based on the flow sand content of water, channels can be classified into four types: (a) narrow and deep multiple channels, (b) narrow and shallow branch channels, (c) broad and shallow main channels, and (d) broad and deep stable channels. Their width‐to‐depth ratios are 1.1–3.5, 5.1–12.9, 7.3–20.2, 2.6–4.6, respectively. Most mouth bars were initially formed but then broken by water level oscillation and channel bifurcation. The preserved mouth bars were well preserved at the far end of lobes, where they entered the low‐energy environment.
Environmental enrichment and social isolation modulate inhibitory transmission and plasticity in hippocampal area CA2
Authors: Loisy Maïthé , Farah Amel , Fafouri Assia , Fanton Aurélien , Ahmadi Mahboubeh , Therreau Ludivine , Chevaleyre Vivien , Piskorowski Rebecca A.
Published: November 2022

Environmental factors are well‐accepted to play a complex and interdependent role with genetic factors in learning and memory. The goal of this study was to examine how environmental conditions altered synaptic plasticity in hippocampal area CA2. To do this, we housed adult mice for 3 weeks in an enriched environment (EE) consisting of a larger cage with running wheel, and regularly changed toys, tunnels and treats. We then performed whole‐cell or extracellular field recordings in hippocampal area CA2 and compared the synaptic plasticity from EE‐housed mice with slices from littermate controls housed in standard environment (SE). We found that the inhibitory transmission recruited by CA3 input stimulation in CA2 was significantly less plastic in EE conditions as compared to SE following an electrical tetanus. We demonstrate that delta‐opioid receptor (DOR) mediated plasticity is reduced in EE conditions by direct application of DOR agonist. We show that in EE conditions the overall levels of GABA transmission is reduced in CA2 cells by analyzing inhibition of ErbB4 receptor, spontaneous inhibitory currents and paired‐pulse ratio. Furthermore, we report that the effect of EE of synaptic plasticity can be rapidly reversed by social isolation. These results demonstrate how the neurons in hippocampal area CA2 are sensitive to environment and may lead to promising therapeutic targets.
False data injection attacks detection based on Laguerre function in nonlinear Cyber‐Physical systems
Authors: Li Hongran , Xia Yu , Ke Jiacheng , Lv Tieli , Zhang Heng , Zhong Zhaoman , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2022

This paper focus on the detection for false data injection (FDI) attacks. Under external conditions, the state and the output variables of Nonlinear Cyber‐Physical Systems (NCPSs) cannot be described by a linear relationship. It is difficult to detect the attacked systems. The Laguerre function model has excellent approximation capability to change structural parameters such as system delay and order, making it convenient for online parameter identification and suitable for complex industrial process control. Accordingly, in order to detect FDI attacks for NCPSs, the Laguerre function is adopted to detect FDI attacks and improve the detection rate. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of this method.
Normative Values of Neuromelanin‐Sensitive MRI Signal in Older Adults Obtained Using a Turbo Spin Echo Sequence
Authors: Al Haddad Rami , Chamoun Mira , Tardif Christine L. , Guimond Synthia , Horga Guillermo , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Cassidy Clifford M.
Published: November 2022

Background

The integrity and function of catecholamine neurotransmitter systems can be assessed using neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI (NM‐MRI). The relevance of this method to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders is becoming increasingly evident, and it has potential as a clinical biomarker.

Purpose

To support future application of NM‐MRI as a clinical biomarker by defining the normative range of NM‐MRI signal and volume metrics in cognitively normal older adults.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

A total of 152 cognitively normal older adults aged 53–86 years old, including 41 participants who had follow‐up NM‐MRI data collected 9–16 months later.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3.0 T; NM‐MRI turbo spin echo and T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo sequences.

Assessment

NM‐MRI images were processed to yield summary measures of volume and signal (contrast‐to‐noise ratio, CNR) for the substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC) using a recently developed software employing a fully automated algorithm. Change in these metrics over time was also assessed.

Statistical Tests

Mean and standard deviation of NM‐MRI metrics were calculated; change over time was tested for significance using 1‐sample t‐tests. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

At baseline SN signal (CNR) was 10.02% (left) and 10.28% (right) and LC signal was 24.71% (left) and 20.42% (right). Baseline SN volume was 576 mm3 (left) and 540 mm3 (right) and LC volume was 6.31 mm3 (left) and 6.30 mm3 (right). The only NM‐MRI metric showing significant change was a decrease in left SN volume (t40 = −2.57, P = 0.014).

Data Conclusion

We report normative values for NM‐MRI signal and volume in the SN and LC of cognitively normal older adults and explore their change over time. These values may help future efforts to use NM‐MRI as a clinical biomarker by facilitating identification of patients with extreme NM‐MRI values.

Level of Evidence

2.

Technical Efficacy Stage

1.
Self‐repulsiveness of energies for closed submanifolds
Authors: O'Hara Jun
Published: November 2022

We show that the regularized Riesz α‐energy for smooth closed submanifolds M in blows up as M degenerates to have double points if . This gives theoretical foundation of numerical experiments to evolve surfaces to decrease the energy that have been carried out since the 90's.
Using reported pathogenic variants to identify therapeutic opportunities for genetic diseases
Authors: Ressler Andrew K. , Goldstein David B.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Drug development strategies for genetic diseases depend critically on accurate knowledge of how pathogenic variants cause disease. For some well‐studied genes, the direct effects of pathogenic variants are well documented as loss‐of‐function, gain‐of‐function or hypermorphic, or a combination of the two. For many genes, however, even the direction of effect of variants remains unclear. Classification of Mendelian disease genes in terms of whether pathogenic variants are loss‐ or gain‐of‐function would directly inform drug development strategies.

Methods

We leveraged the recent dramatic increase in reported pathogenic variants to provide a novel approach to inferring the direction of effect of pathogenic variants. Specifically, we quantify the ratio of reported pathogenic variants that are missense compared to loss‐of‐function.

Results

We first show that for many genes that cause dominant Mendelian disease, the ratio of reported pathogenic missense variants is diagnostic of whether the gene causes disease through loss‐ or gain‐of‐function, or a combination. Second, we identify a set of genes that appear to cause disease largely or entirely through gain‐of‐function or hypermorphic pathogenic variants.

Conclusions

We suggest a set of 16 genes suitable for drug developmental efforts utilizing direct inhibition.
Optimal bilinear control of the logarithmic Schrödinger equation
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhao Dun , Feng Binhua
Published: November 2022

We investigate the optimal bilinear control of the 3D logarithmic nonlinear Schrödinger equation arises from quantum physics. To overcome the difficulty caused by the absence of the Lipschitz continuity at the origin due to the logarithmic nonlinearity, we use an approximate scheme. By studying the approximate systems and passing to a limit, we finally get the minimizer of the original optimal control problem.
A reliable quantitative method for determining CBD content and release from transdermal patches in Franz cells
Authors: Yu Liyun , Madsen Frederikke Bahrt , Eriksen Sofie Helvig , Andersen Aaron J. C. , Skov Anne Ladegaard
Published: November 2022

Introduction

There are several cannabidiol (CBD) transdermal patches available on the market. However, none are FDA‐approved. Furthermore, not much evidence has been published about CBD release and skin permeation from such patches, so the effectiveness and reliability remain unclear.

Objectives

We aimed to develop a method to determine the in vitro release and skin permeation of CBD from transdermal patches using Franz cell diffusion in combination with quantitative 1H‐NMR (qNMR).

Materials and Methods

The study was conducted on CBD patches with known CBD content and six different commercially available or market‐ready CBD patches using a Franz cell with a Strat‐M™ membrane and with samples taken directly from the transdermal patch for qNMR analysis.

Results

The use of qNMR yielded an average recovery of 100% ± 7% when samples with known CBD content were tested. Results from the testing of six commercially available patches indicated that five out of six patches did not contain the CBD amount stated by the manufacturer according to a ± 10% variance margin, of which four patches were under‐labeled and one was over‐labeled. The release rate of patches was determined, and significant differences between the patches were shown. Maximum release of CBD was calculated to occur after 39 to 70 h.

Conclusion

The established method was proven to be a reliable means of determining the quantity and release of CBD from transdermal patches and can be used to verify CBD content and release rate in transdermal patches.
Evaluation of fatigue performance of filled and unfilled natural rubber/styrene‐butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Bakhshizade Ali , Ghasemi‐Ghalebahman Ahmad , Hajimousa Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2022

This paper deals with the fatigue life analysis of a blend of natural rubber (NR) and styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) with and without nanoclay particles. Various damage parameters based on strain are investigated. A nonlinear finite element analysis is carried out by using ABAQUS. To formulate the life prediction models, the measured fatigue life is used together with various damage parameters. It is shown that all the damage parameters can estimate the fatigue lives effectively with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9. There is a good agreement between the obtained fatigue live predictions and the measured fatigue results. The effect of various parameters such as true strain and nanoparticles' loading is also investigated. The results of sensitivity analysis show that the strain has a greater effect on the variation of the rubber compounds' fatigue life. The test samples' fracture surface is assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM results show that as the strain increases, the test samples softly fail while the fracture surface of the nanocomposite is roughened by the addition of nanoclay.
Performance of different body weights in the Cockcroft‐Gault equation in critically ill patients with and without augmented renal clearance: A multicenter cohort
Authors: Cucci Michaelia D. , Gerlach Anthony T. , Mangira Caroline , Murphy Claire V. , Roberts Jason A. , Udy Andrew A. , Dowling Thomas C. , Mullen Chanda L.
Published: November 2022

Study objective

The primary objective was to evaluate the performance of the Cockcroft‐Gault (CG) equation with different body weights (BWs) compared to a measured creatinine clearance (mCrCl) in an intensive care unit (ICU) population with and without augmented renal clearance (ARC).

Design

Multicenter, retrospective cohort.

Setting

Two ICUs in the United States and four ICUs from a previous international observational analysis.

Patients

Adult ICU patients admitted from January 1, 2010 to July 30, 2020 with at least one mCrCl collected within the initial 10 days of hospitalization were eligible for inclusion.

Measurements and main results

The primary outcome was the performance of the CG equation in ARC (mCrCl≥130 ml/min/1.73 m2) and non‐ARC (mCrCl<130 ml/min/1.73 m2) patients. Correlation was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, bias by mean difference, and accuracy by the percentage of patients within 30% of the mCrCl. A total of 383 patients were included, which provided 1708 mCrCl values. The majority were male (n = 239, 62%), median age of 55 years [IQR 40–65] with a surgical diagnosis (n = 239, 77%). ARC was identified in 229 (60%) patients. The ARC group had lower Scr values (0.6 [0.5–0.7] vs. 0.7 [0.6–0.9] mg/dl, p < 0.001) and higher mCrCl (172.8 (SD 39.1) vs. 89.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 (SD 25.4), p < 0.001) compared with the non‐ARC group, respectively. Among non‐ARC patients there was a moderate correlation (r = 0.33–0.39), moderate accuracy (range 48–58%), and low bias (range of −12.9 to 17.1) among the different BW estimations with the adjusted BW having the better performance. Among ARC patients there was low correlation (r = 0.24–0.28), low to moderate accuracy (range 38–70%), and high bias (range of −58.5 to −21.6).

Conclusions

The CG‐adjusted BW had the best performance in the non‐ARC patients, while CG performed poorly with any BW in ARC patients. Although the CG equation remains the standard equation for estimating CrCl in the ICU setting, a new, validated equation is needed for patients with ARC.