bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the particle tracking method for modelling the transport and deceasing of Escherichia coli in the sea
Authors: Lešek Anja , Žagar Dušan
Published: March 2019

We discuss modeling of the transport and decease of bacteria Escherichia coli in marine environments. We calculated the spatially variable decease coefficient of E. coli from the extrapolated measurement data on environmental parameters in accordance with Mancini's equation for bacteria stemming from the Rižana River and entering into the computational domain – the eastern part of the Koper Bay. Using pre-computed circulation data and the modified particle-tracking model Nafta3D we performed two-day simulations of an instantaneous and a continuous release from a single source. We analyzed locations of two particle types: free E. coli (ECF) and E. coli bound to suspended solids (ECA). We then analyzed the ECA and ECF activity decrease with a newly developed decease model, applying a first-order kinetics equation. In the given conditions a vast majority of ECA remained in the second basin of the Port of Koper and sank to the bottom layers. The decease time of 90% of the ECA (T90) was about 48 hours. The ECF remained closer to the surface; they moved more quickly and for the most part abandoned the second basin. The determined T90 was 6 and 10 hours in instantaneous and continuous release, respectively.
A Novel Root-Knot Nematode Resistance QTL on Chromosome Vu01 in Cowpea
Authors: Ndeve Arsenio D , Santos Jansen R P , Matthews William C , Huynh Bao L , Guo Yi-Ning , Lo Sassoum , Muñoz-Amatriaín Maria , Roberts Philip A
Published: March 2019

The root-knot nematode (RKN) species Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica cause substantial root system damage and suppress yield of susceptible cowpea cultivars. The narrow-based genetic resistance conferred by the Rk gene, present in some commercial cultivars, is not effective against Rk-virulent populations found in several cowpea production areas. The dynamics of virulence within RKN populations require a broadening of the genetic base of resistance in elite cowpea cultivars. As part of this goal, F1 and F2 populations from the cross CB46-Null (susceptible) x FN-2-9-04 (resistant) were phenotyped for M. javanica induced root-galling (RG) and egg-mass production (EM) in controlled growth chamber and greenhouse infection assays. In addition, F2:3 families of the same cross were phenotyped for RG on field sites infested with Rk-avirulent M. incognita and M. javanica. The response of F1 to RG and EM indicated that resistance to RKN in FN-2-9-04 is partially dominant, as supported by the degree of dominance in the F2 and F2:3 populations. Two QTL associated with both RG and EM resistance were detected on chromosomes Vu01 and Vu04. The QTL on Vu01 was most effective against aggressive M. javanica, whereas both QTL were effective against avirulent M. incognita. Allelism tests with CB46 x FN-2-9-04 progeny indicated that these parents share the same RKN resistance locus on Vu04, but the strong, broad-based resistance in FN-2-9-04 is conferred by the additive effect of the novel resistance QTL on Vu01. This novel resistance in FN-2-9-04 is an important resource for broadening RKN resistance in elite cowpea cultivars.
Llevando la Economía al realismo estructural: diferenciación y diálogo de asimetrías entre estructuras políticas y económicas en la estratificación de las jerarquías internacionales
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA PAES Lucas
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo pretende comprender el proceso de estratificación material de las jerarquías internacionales a través de la dinámica de socialización, que interrelaciona las estructuras políticas y económicas de diferenciación en las relaciones interestatales. El estudio del nexo entre la política y la economía no es novedoso en las Relaciones Internacionales. Sin embargo, la literatura teórica de la disciplina carece de una comprensión de las estructuras políticas y económicas de modo independiente, sin reducir unas a las otras. Para completar esta laguna, este artículo reinterpreta el realismo estructural a la luz del reciente debate sobre la concepción sociológica de las estructuras como subsistemas de diferenciación entre actores de un determinado sistema social. El marco conceptual de la teoría de la diferenciación estructural es utilizado como lenguaje para entender y caracterizar la socialización configurada entre estructuras asimétricas, tales como las de naturaleza política y económica. Así, se discuten los nexos que emergen de las transacciones sociales internacionales de naturaleza política y económica considerando su papel en la constitución del sistema de estados contemporáneo y sus efectos estructurantes sobre el sistema internacional.
Avicenna and his perception on wound treatment
Authors: Adeeb Saja , Adeeb Sandra , Adeeb Abdulwahab , Al-Nasrawi Yousif Mohammed , Abdulameer Al-Nasrawi Mohammed , Kucharzewski Marek
Published: March 2019

Streszczenie: Awicenna był najwybitniejszym uczonym średniowiecza, wielkim filozofem i lekarzem. Napisał 450 książek dotyczących szerokiego zakresu wiedzy, w tym filozofii i medycyny. Najbardziej znanym dziełem Awicenny jest „Kanon medycyny”. Dzieła tego znamienitego średniowiecznego uczonego weszły do skarbnicy nauki całego świata. W pracy autorzy przedstawili życie Awicenny oraz jego poglądy na leczenie ran.
A randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of herbal medicine combination for leg symptoms due to chronic venous disease
Authors: Udombhornprabha Anan , Kanchanakhan Naowarat , Phongmanjit Pichai
Published: March 2019

Background: The herbal medicine combination (HMC) containing 2% Asiaticoside and 1% Acemannan, in a Beeswax encapsulation of 2% Acetylsalicylic acid base, was developed as a topical treatment option for mild-to-moderate chronic venous disease (CVD). For control (C), Beeswax encapsulation of 2% Acetylsalicylic acid base was used.
Methods: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing HMC with C was investigated among 42 CVD patients; 21 patients was allocated to receive either HMC or C, for a continuous 12-week treatment. To assess the efficacy, the following were employed: (i) Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), (ii) Patients Self-Rating Symptoms Score (PSSS), and (iii) Short-form health-related quality of life score based on a Medical Outcomes Study 14-item Chronic Venous Disease (MOS CIVIQ14). The short-term safety was assessed by the patients' self-reported adverse events. The primary endpoint was a responder rate defined by a 50% reduction of the VCSS from baseline after 4 weeks of treatment. The secondary endpoints were assessed by improvement of overall disability after employing VCSS, PSSS, and MOS CIVIQ14, accordingly.
Results: CVD Thai patients (N=42), regardless of clinical severity of CEAP class (CEAP1/CEAP2)or co-morbidity, responded 57.14% to HMC (N=21) as compared with 9.52% to C (N=21) the responder rate was significantly dependent on intervention (p=0.003 and p=0.003, respectively). HMC reduced VCSS markedly better than C, over the 4 weeks: 11.9048 (6.4908) vs. 22.4702 (7.9438), p<0.001. HMC reduced VCSS and PSSS scores significantly better than C did: from baseline to 2 weeks (p=0.001 vs. p=0.017, respectively), from 2 to 4 weeks (p=0.001 vs. p=0.004, respectively), and from 8 to12 weeks (p=0.001 vs. p=0.003, respectively). After 12 weeks from baseline, from both the global and subscores for MOS CIVIQ14, treatment with HMC and C significantly improved scores (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). For the adverse drug events reported, there were no statistically significantly differences between HMC and C from baseline to the end of the 12-week follow-up (p=0.756).
Conclusion: The herbal medicine combination (HMC), consisting of 2% Asiaticoside and 1% Acemannan in Beeswax encapsulation of 2% Acetylsalicylic acid, as a topical administration in optional medical management for Thai patients with leg symptoms due to chronic venous disease, provided a clinical responder rate that was better than that of control. In terms of short-term safety assessments, no significant statistical differences for adverse events were reported with regards to incidence for both HMC and C treatments. Further studies are warranted to explore and develop this herbal medicine base combination.
Trial registration no.: ISRCTN54360155
Antibiotic Resistance in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ramirez Carina B. , Cantey Joseph B.
Published: March 2019

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasing problem in the NICU. Ineffective empiric antibiotic therapy is associated with increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Organisms that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents (multidrug-resistant organisms) are particularly problematic. These organisms may be transmitted to infants if infection control practices are not adhered to, or they may be created by antibiotic exposure. Therefore, meticulous infection prevention—including hand hygiene, surveillance cultures, contact precautions, and selective decolonization—and antibiotic stewardship are important strategies to minimize drug resistance in the NICU.
Femoroacetabular Impingement in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Sheppard Evan D. , Read Connor R. , Wills Brad W. , Estes A. Reed
Published: March 2019

Subacute, nontraumatic hip pain is often a diagnostic challenge. Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of atraumatic hip pain that is poorly understood. FAI is a result of abnormal morphologic changes in either the femoral head or the acetabulum. FAI is more prevalent in people who perform activities requiring repetitive hip flexion, but it remains common in the general population. Evaluation begins with physical examination maneuvers to rule out additional hip pathology and provocation tests to reproduce hip pain. Diagnosis is often made by radiography or magnetic resonance imaging. Initial treatment is generally more conservative, featuring activity modification and physical therapy, whereas more aggressive treatment requires operative management.
Efeito da gastronomia na aceitabilidade de verduras por adolescentes
Authors: De Souza Moraes Kenia Costa , Ferreira de Almeida Martha Elisa , Santos Virgínia Souza
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de algumas verduras por adolescentes e desenvolver preparações saudáveis com os alimentos menos consumidos, mediante o emprego de técnicas gastronômicas.Materiais e Métodos: Após a avaliação do consumo alimentar através de um questionário e da elaboração das preparações com os três alimentos menos consumidos, realizou-se a análise sensorial das preparações desenvolvidas, e calculou-se o índice de aceitabilidade. Utilizou-se a correlação linear de Spearman para correlacionar a aceitabilidade das preparações com o consumo habitual dos alimentos, e o teste de Tukey para comparar os atributos sensoriais e o índice de aceitabilidade. Ambos os testes foram realizados a 5% de significância.Resultados: Os alimentos menos consumidos foram a abóbora, o chuchu e a berinjela, a partir dos quais desenvolveu-se as seguintes preparações: doce de abóbora, brigadeiro de chuchu e pizza de berinjela. Não houve correlação entre o consumo habitual dos vegetais e a aceitabilidade das preparações. Não houve diferença estatística entre as preparações quanto aos atributos sensoriais, o teste de aceitabilidade e o índice de aceitabilidade.Conclusão: As preparações modificadas através da gastronomia foram aceitas pelos adolescentes, sugerindo que o baixo consumo de vegetais como a abóbora, o chuchu e a berinjela pode ser aumentado pelo emprego de técnicas gastronômicas, que se apresenta como um meio de reeducação alimentar para a promoção de melhores hábitos alimentares neste público.
Variáveis preditivas do teste de caminhada de seis minutos em crianças saudáveis: revisão de literatura
Authors: De Figueiredo Fernanda Cabral Xavier Sarmento , Leal Luanna Oliveira , Itaborahy Bianca Dana Horongozo , Ribeiro Fabiana De Figueiredo , Gulart Antônio Manoel , De Assumpção Maíra Seabra , Martins Renata , Schivinski Camila Isabel Santos
Published: March 2019

Introdução: O teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC 6 ) é comumente utilizado na faixa etária pediátrica, e variáveis preditivas e valores de referência têm sido estudados para o teste.Objetivo: Apresentar os achados na literatura sobre a determinação de variáveis preditivas e valores de referência para o TC 6 na população pediátrica.Materiais e Métodos: Revisão de literatura através de pesquisa nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e EBSCO utilizando as palavras-chave: “child”, “six minute walk test”, “reference values” e “6-minute walk test”, buscando estudos que apresentassem valores e/ou equações de referência e apresentação de variáveis preditivas. Não foi utilizada restrição temporal e de idioma nas publicações.Resultados: De um total de 20 estudos, foram selecionados 11, os quais incluíram indivíduos entre 4 e 18 anos. A idade foi a variável de mais frequente relação com o desempenho no teste, seguida de massa corporal, estatura, sexo, variação da frequência cardíaca, índice de massa corporal e nível de atividade física . A altura foi a única variável preditiva comum em todos os estudos. Nota-se que diferentes metodologias e modificações são empregadas na realização do TC 6 .Conclusão: Diferentes equações de referência, bem como variáveis preditivas, são identificadas, sendo apenas a estatura comum nas diferentes publicações analisadas. Mesmo o TC 6 sendo um teste comumente utilizado, não há metodologia de aplicação e padronização em pediatria.
Caracterização epidemiológica dos casos de sífilis em mulheres
Authors: Andrade Heuler Souza , Rezende Nayanne Ferreira Geralda , Garcia Meiriane Nogueira , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A Sífilis é uma infecção que representa um grave problema para a saúde pública mundial, especialmente pelas complicações em mulheres e neonatos.Objetivo: Descrever o perfil das mulheres notificadas com Sífilis no município de Divinópolis (MG) entre os anos de 2011 a 2016.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados através das fichas de notificação para Sífilis adquirida e Sífilis em gestante, arquivadas na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. As variáveis estudadas foram: faixa etária, escolaridade, ocupação, antecedentes de Sífilis, comportamento sexual, resultado do teste treponêmico e não treponêmico, classificação clínica da doença, além dos cálculos de incidência da sífilis gestacional e adquirida. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e apresentados em forma de tabelas.Resultados: Entre os anos pesquisados foram notificados 70 casos de Sífilis Adquirida e 159 casos de Sífilis Gestacional. Em ambos os casos a faixa etária mais acometida foi de 20 a 29 anos. A maioria das mulheres com Sífilis adquirida possuíam ensino fundamental, tinham emprego formal, mantinham relações sexuais com homens e foram diagnosticadas com Sífilis secundária, porém sem antecedentes para doença. Já as gestantes possuíam em sua pluralidade o ensino médio, eram do lar e foram diagnosticadas com Sífilis primária. A maior parte apresentou teste não treponêmico reagente e não realizou teste treponêmicos.Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram que é preciso avançar nas ações de prevenção e na melhoria da qualidade da assistência.
Atypical Presentation of Central Venous Occlusion (CVO) Disease
Authors: H Harunarashid Rosnelifaizur R*,Aizat Sabri I, Krishna K,Lenny SS,Azim I,
Published: March 2019

We reported a case of 58 years old gentleman who known case of end stage renal failure and had history of Right IJC cannulation of venous access on 2012, presented with recurrent shortness of breath, chesty cough and intermittent fever. Otherwise he got no hemoptysis, no recent contact with PTB patients and no joint pain. The same presentation occurred last month with a pleural tapping was done and claimed it was a milky content. No further investigation was done at that moment. This current presentation noted a dullness in percussion up to midzone of right lung and reduce air entry on auscultation as well. The pigtail catheter was inserted over the right pleural space and it was confirmed as a chylothorax with a present of cholesterol in a pleural fluid analysis. Computed tomography of the thorax showed complete occlusion of the superior vena cava with an established collateral circulation. Lymphangiogram revealed lipiodol seen opacified lymph node and lymphatic vessels until the level of T3 on the right and T5 on the left. There was no obvious lipiodol opacification seen at the region of the right thorax. Effusion was improved after the instillation of fibrinolytic agent and the the chest radiograph shows improvement.
Hypocholestorolemic effects of probiotic yoghurts
Authors: Azrina Azlan Amin Ismail*, Sadeq Hasan Al-Sheraji,
Published: March 2019

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important reasons of death in the world and high levels of cholesterol is concerned as an essential risk factor for cardiovascular disease, thus a decrease in serum cholesterol levels can decrease cardiovascular disease. One preventative approaches for reduction of serum cholesterol levels could be caused by consumption of yoghurt containing probiotic bacteria. Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when ingestion. There are a big number of probiotics presently utilized and accessible in dairy fermented foods, particularly in yogurts. Lactic acid bacteria represent a varied group of organisms given significant benefits to people, some as usual population of the intestinal area. This review presents relevant information on probiotics such as the definitions and characteristics of probiotic bacteria, their utilization in yogurt preparations, and the claimed benefits of the ingestion of these bacteria, particularly on lowering hypercholesterol.
Hygiene and Endoecology, Light Bioenergy and Natural Ecology, Balanced Mentality and Spiritual Life as Criterion of Health
Authors: Irina Bryndina Evgeniy Bryndin*,
Published: March 2019

Despite many attempts to measure health, it wasn’t offered any scale which wouldhave practical value in this plan. Absence of the uniform point of view on a problemof essence of health is obvious. A specification of essence of health – the mainmethodological problem of the doctrine about health. In article health is allocatedin independent medico-social category which is characterized by direct indicators. Inmedical community various approaches to a concept health were created: hygienic,adaptive, genetic, donozological, safe, equilibrium, physiological, on health, viable,self-regulating, endoecological, resonant, spiritual, naturalistic and the combined approaches.We will consider spiritually - naturalistic approach to a concept health.Approach is based on processes of the nature and a spiritual entity of the person. TheWorld Health Organization considers that health of the person for 75% his conductof life and a power supply system, for 10% - heredity determines, another 10% - environmentalconditions, and only for 5% of service of health care. Health of the personmost of all depends on a conduct of life. Natural and spiritual processes and a healthylifestyle help the person and society to be healthy. Purity of the person is guarantee ofhis health. Spiritual and also mental (sincere), power, physiological and anatomic purityis criterion of health of each person. The hygiene maintains anatomic health. Theendoecology maintains physiological health. The natural ecology and physical cultureprovides power purity. The orthodox psychology helps to provide mental purity. Spirituallife provides spiritual purity. The hygiene and endoecology, physical culture andnatural ecology, balanced mentality (quiet mind and quiet heart) and spiritual life area healthy lifestyle. The healthy lifestyle maintains purity and a healthy condition ofthe person.
Disain dan Kinerja Sistem Air Laut yang Direfrigerasi (ALREF) untuk Penampung Ikan pada Kapal Nelayan 10-15 GT
Authors: Widianto Tri Nugroho , Fauzi Ahmat
Published: March 2019

Sistem ALREF (air laut yang direfrigerasi) untuk penyimpanan ikan pada kapal 10-15 GT telah didisain dan diuji. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tahapan: penentuan kriteria disain, pembuatan konsep dan analisis disain, konstruksi dan pengujian. Kriteria disain ditentukan berdasarkan referensi kapal 10-15 GT di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Sadeng Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Bak penyimpan ikan dilengkapi pendingin sistem kompresi uap yang terdiri dari komponen utama berupa evaporator, kondensor, kompresor, palka, refrigerant dan katup ekspansi. Palka terbuat dari fiberglass dengan volume palka sekitar 2,03 m3. Palka menggunakan insulator stirofoam high density (densitas sekitar 34 kg/m3). Evaporator terbuat dari pipa tembaga dengan panjang 84 m, diameter 5/8 inchi dan tebal pipa 1,6 mm. Kondensor yang digunakan adalah Alfalaval McDEW 25 menggunakan sistem shell and tube, sedangkan kompresor yang digunakan adalah Blitzer Tipe LH IVY dengan refrigerant R-22. Hasil uji kinerja dengan beban air laut menunjukkan bahwa suhu air laut mencapai kisaran -0,8 sampai -0,4 oC selama 8,5 jam. Kebutuhan daya listrik sistem pendingin sebesar 2 kW. Uji kinerja dengan beban ikan selama 5 hari menunjukkan bahwa suhu ikan turun dari 27,8 oC menjadi berkisar -0,1 sampai -1 oC setelah 12 jam dan dapat dipertahankan selama pengujian.
Method Comparison of DNA Isolation and Quantification for Fish and Seafood Authenticity Determination
Authors: Dwiyitno Dwiyitno , Hoffman Stefan , Parmentier Koen , Keer Chris Van
Published: March 2019

Fish and seafood products has been commonly targeted for fraudulent activities. For that reason, authentication of fish and seafood products is important to protect consumers from fraudulent and adulteration practices, as well as to implement traceability regulation. From the viewpoint of food safety, authenticity is beneficial to protect public from serious food poisoning incidents, such as due to ingestion of toxic species. Since DNA based identification depends on the nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the quantity and quality/purity of DNA will contribute significantly to the species authentication. In the present study, different DNA extraction and purification methods (3 classical methods and one commercial kit) were compared to produce the better isolated DNA for PCR amplification. Additionally, different methods for the estimation of DNA concentration and purity which is essential for PCR amplification efficiency were also evaluated. The result showed that classical DNA extraction methods (based on TNES-Urea) yielded a higher amount of DNA (11.30-323.60 ng/g tissue) in comparison to commercial kit/Wizard Promega (5.70-83.45 ng/g tissue). Based on the purity of DNA extract (A260/280), classical DNA extraction method produced relatively similar on DNA quality to the commercial kit (1.79-2.12). Interestingly, all classical methods produced DNA with A260/280 ratio of more than 2.00 on the blue mussel, in contrast with commercial kit. The commercial kit also produced better quality of DNA compared to the classical methods, showing the higher efficiency in PCR amplification. NanoDrop is promising as cheap, robust and safe UV-spectrophotometer method for DNA quantification, as well as the purity evaluation.Keywords: seafood authenticity, DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, NanoDrop, Picogreen
The Significance of the Process of Music Therapy for Children with Multiple Social and Communication Disabilities
Authors: Knapik-Szweda Sara Marta
Published: March 2019

Music therapy is an interdisciplinary branch of science and a form of therapy which enables establishing contact with every human being by means of an aesthetic sound message. The aim of this paper is to present the influence of music therapy procedures on communicative and social areas of the development of children with multiple disabilities, namely two boys. Moreover, the research activity is also concentrated on the ways music influences particular cases, namely which chosen music therapy strategies. The article presents individualizing research in a qualitative dimension. The outline of the research project is presented with its problem matters, research objectives, methods (of individual case study), and research techniques, as well as a detailed description of the research tool - The Individualized Music Therapy Assessment Profile (IMTAP) recommended by the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA). The results presented in a detailed description and observation schedule as well as data collected from interviews demonstrates and, at the same time, answers the research question that music therapy is a useful and effective form of therapy in the case of two boys with multiple disabilitities – to improve social and communicative functioning of the their development.
Knowledge Made Cheap: Global Learners and the Logistics of Reading
Authors: Hsiung Hansun
Published: March 2019

“You only have to know one thing: You can learn anything. For free. For everyone. Forever” (Khan Academy). Utopias of learning abound in our contemporary media landscape. Take, for instance, the above motto of Khan Academy (#YouCanLearnAnything), one of the earliest providers of open online education. With lessons in over twenty-four languages on topics from algebra to art history, Khan Academy aspires to reach an unprecedented global audience—not only children from the United States who are stuck in “a corrupt or broken [school] system” but also the “young girl in an African village” and the “fisherman's son in New Guinea” (Khan 4). In this sense, Khan Academy enjoys a paradoxical kinship to the diverse geographies studied in this cluster of essays. By promising the global provision of education, it seeks to conquer geography itself.
Reading Jewish
Authors: Spinner Samuel J.
Published: March 2019

How do you read jewish? The question sounds odd. Why is it that reading jewish is catachrestic in a way that reading German is not? The obvious answer is that German is a language while Jewish is not. Yet there are Jewish languages. Hebrew is one, of course, and linguists describe many more, from Ladino (the language of the Iberian Jewish diaspora) to Krymchak (the ethnolect of a group of Crimean Jews). There is also Yiddish, the language of most European Jews for roughly the millennium preceding the Holocaust; now it lives on primarily in Hasidic communities around the world. Yiddish means Jewish; and in a sense, knowing how to read the former (i.e., decipher the Yiddish language) can imply knowing how to read the latter (i.e., decipher Jewish identity). This has been the belief of many Jews from the late nineteenth century to the present who accept the idea that language is central to national identity. Strangely, in this period the reverse notion has also been active: that knowing Jewish implies knowing Yiddish. his paradox—that you can read a language without knowing it—was catalyzed by a modernist approach to the intersection of Jewish language with Jewish identity. But it was also grounded in facets of the history and philology of Yiddish reading that opened a path to literacy through illiteracy.
Reading Pictures
Authors: Heffernan James A. W.
Published: March 2019

Reading pictures means first digesting the words that inhabit or surround them: words in pictures, words framing pictures by way of titles or wall captions, and words of the texts to which pictures allude. But while pictures almost always come to us embedded in language, they are not the same as texts. Even though many elements of pictures may be construed as signs, a pictorial sign is not the same as a verbal sign or a textualized image, nor is it anything like a noun or verb, as Louis Marin proposed. To read pictures, we must reckon with these differences as well as with their subsemiotic attributes—their marks. We must be willing to read whatever remains illegible in a textual sense, whatever in a painting resists being verbalized or turned into a sign. In so doing, we challenge and stretch our conception of what it means to read anything at all.
Untranslatability and the Geopolitics of Reading
Authors: Apter Emily
Published: March 2019

When erich auerbach was living in Turkey, exiled from Germany and helping Kemal Ataturk set up a humanities curriculum at the University of Istanbul, he wrote a much-discussed letter to Walter Benjamin on 12 December 1936 in which he alluded to his dislocation as a European humanist trying to orient himself in relation to a Turkish-language politics that radically estranged prior print cultures:

Man hat hier alle Tradition über Bord geworfen und will auf europä-ische Art einen - extrem türkisch-nationalistischen - durchrationali-sierten Staat aufbauen. Es geht phantastisch und gespenstisch schnell, schon kann kaum noch wer arabisch oder persisch, und selbst türkische Texte des letztvergangenen Jahrhunderts werden schnell unverständlich, seit die Sprache zugleich modernisiert und am Urtürkischen neuorientiert ist und mit lateinischen Buchstaben geschrieben wird.
Machiavelli in Paradise: How Reading Dante and Ovid Shaped ThePrince
Authors: Eisner Martin
Published: March 2019

This article argues that Machiavelli's description of reading Dante and Ovid, in his letter to Francesco Vettori of 10 December 1513, illuminates some of the most surprising and scandalous sections ofThe Prince.Beginning with Machiavelli's quotation ofParadiso5 in the letter to Vettori, this study investigates how Machiavelli uses the literary works of Dante and Ovid to craft several of his most distinctive arguments on the problem of vows, value of violence, and legitimacy of deception. It argues that the reading of these literary works constitutes a crucial, but often overlooked, component of intellectual history.
On Decimals, Catalogs, and Racial Imaginaries of Reading
Authors: Helton Laura E.
Published: March 2019

Entering Howard University's Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, one still passes through the “catalog room,” an antechamber filled with rows of card drawers. Inaugurated in 1930 by the librarian Dorothy Porter, this catalog of the “Negro Collection” served for much of the twentieth century as one of the only portals to African American print culture. This article reconstructs the creation of that catalog in order to chart the relation between infrastructure and racial imaginaries of reading. Porter contravened the routine misfiling of blackness in prevailing information systems by rewriting Dewey decimals, creating new taxonomies for black print, and fielding research inquiries from across the African diaspora. She built public access to books “by and about the Negro” at a moment when most black readers were barred from libraries. In so doing, she fueled a broader sense of what a black archive—or what Porter called a “literary museum”—might afford.
Applications of the new thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical coupled code ‘Thebes’
Authors: Abed Ayman A , Sołowski Wojciech T
Published: March 2019

This paper presents two numerical applications of a newly developed fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical finite-element code (Thebes code). The paper starts with an introduction of the adopted theoretical framework and its implementation, followed by a description of the performed simulations. The first application involves the modelling of a large-scale mock-up test performed by the Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (Madrid, Spain), which also serves as a validation benchmark. In the second application, the paper shows the solution to the Elder problem, which verifies the code’s capability to capture the density-driven salt transport triggered by hydro-chemical coupling. The results of both simulations are in good agreement with the published data and the experimental measurements, serving as a further validation of the theoretical assumptions and verification of the correctness of the code implementation.
Feedback mechanisms at inorganic–polyelectrolyte interfaces for applied materials
Authors: Ryzhkov Nikolay V , Brezhneva Nadzeya , Skorb Ekaterina V
Published: March 2019

Non-linear processes at the interface between inorganic and polymeric species mimic a wide variety of natural processes such as stimulus-responsive behavior, self-healing, actuation, transport and delivery, and pH buffering. There are plenty of models describing phenomena at solid–polymer and polymer–liquid interfaces, but they do not provide complete understanding of the occurring processes. The authors analyze here recent progress in fundamental aspects of programmable materials based on polyelectrolyte feedback mechanisms on inorganic surfaces of applied materials in (a) photochemistry (focus on semiconductor–polyelectrolyte interfaces), (b) electrochemistry and (c) self-adaptive materials. The functionalization of the inorganic surface with polyelectrolyte layers provides an opportunity to construct novel hybrid materials with improved characteristics in comparison with pristine inorganic analogues. The importance of the transition from traditional to system thinking is highlighted, as well as the hierarchical scale of the time of polyelectrolyte responses due to complex overlapping between the processes of ion diffusion, chain site diffusion and self-diffusion.
The context of second foreign languages in Swedish secondary schools
Authors: Granfeldt Jonas , Sayehli Susan , Ågren Malin
Published: March 2019

This article reports the results of a survey focusing on the educational context of second foreign languages (SFL) to which 147 Swedish secondary school leaders responded. The study aims to provide a picture of how SFLs like German, French and Spanish are organised in a representative selection of Swedish schools across the country. The results of the survey show that there are major differences between languages when it comes to the language offer and the number of pupils and teachers in the respective languages. Moreover, there are also important differences between schools, some of which can be related to educational, socio-economic and regional aspects of the responding schools. A general conclusion of the survey is that conditions for SFLs currently vary across languages and across the country. One of the main challenges for the future seems to be to maintain a varying offer of languages in a majority of schools.
Developing and using tasks for the assessment of speaking
Authors: Figueras Neus
Published: March 2019

This article provides an overview of the development and use of tasks for the assessment of speaking. It first addresses the key role of the assessment of the skill of speaking within language assessment in general and in the context of teaching and learning foreign languages. Then, it discusses how social changes and research have reshaped the way speaking is defined and operationalized, and focuses on how speaking can be assessed more validly and reliably today. The central role of tasks is also discussed, together with the importance of taking into consideration the implications and impact of different task characteristics. Some recommendations for the development of useful and meaningful assessment tasks which foster uses of assessment that contribute to learning are also proposed. The aim is to revisit due process procedures in the development of speaking assessments with a view to problematizing how to best address 21st century needs.
De la soya hacia la agroecología: agriculturas en disputa/ From Soy to Agroecology: Agriculture in Dispute
Authors: Pessoa Kaue
Published: March 2019

El artículo pone en tensión la disputa en el agro contemporáneo de dos modelos antagónicos de producción, como también de tradición y relación con la naturaleza: el agronegocio y la agroecología. Destacamos los casos argentino y brasileño de producción agrícola de la soya en las recientes décadas, intensificada por el “boom de la soya”, es decir, el agronegocio sojero. Entendemos esa producción como un caso paradigmático, por evidenciar la profundidad del agronegocio y de sus consecuencias sociales, económicas y ambientales. En oposición a ello, acentuamos a la agroecología como un paradigma sustentable ambientalmente, y social y económicamente armónico. Así, va más allá de un modelo de producción agrícola, en la construcción de buenas condiciones de reproducción de la vida en el agro y en la ciudad. El artículo se divide en tres apartados. En el primero abordamos los fundamentos de formación del padrón de producción agrícola que conlleva al agronegocio. En el segundo nos centramos en el fomento del agronegocio sojero en Argentina y Brasil. En el tercero analizamos la agroecología como un proceso disruptivo que está en constante tensión con aquel modelo de producción agrícola.

Abstract

This article puts in tension the dispute between two antagonistic models of agricultural production in the contemporary agriculture, as well as tradition and relationship with nature: agribusiness and agroecology. We highlight the Argentine and Brazilian cases of soybean production in recent decades, intensified by the “soy boom”, that is, soybean agribusiness. We understand this production as a paradigmatic case, for evidencing the depth of agribusiness and its social, economic and environmental consequences. In opposition to this, we emphasize agroecology as environmentally sustainable, socially and economically harmonious paradigm. Thus, it goes beyond a model of agricultural production, in the construction of good conditions for the reproduction of life in agriculture and in the city. The article is divided into three sections. In the first, we address the fundamentals of forming the pattern of agricultural production that leads to agribusiness. In the second we focus on the promotion of the agribusiness in Argentina and Brazil. In the third, we analyze agroecology as a disruptive process that is in constant tension with that model of agricultural production.
¡Tómese la sopita!: olla comunitaria como herramienta de movilización frente a la exploración de gas shale en Guasca, Cundinamarca/ ¡Take Your Soup! Communitarian Initiative (Soup for All) as a tool for mobilization towards gas shale exploration in Guasca
Authors: Bernal Moreno Helber Mauricio
Published: March 2019

En este artículo se analiza la manera cómo los alimentos son empleados como un elemento de cohesión y movilización social en rechazo a la implementación de un proyecto de extracción de gas shale (gas de esquisto) en el municipio de Guasca, a través de la técnica del fracking. En este caso, una organización local denominada Asociación Comunitaria Fortaleza de la Montaña emplea la olla comunitaria no solo como un elemento mitigador del hambre, sino como un medio de visibilización de los diversos conflictos que pueden surgir a partir del desarrollo de una práctica extractiva. Así, se pueden evidenciar tanto posturas a favor de la protección del alimento y del territorio como voces en contra. Ello permite demostrar que la alimentación está estrechamente relacionada con los aspectos económicos, culturales y políticos de determinado contexto.   

Abstract

This article analyzes the way food is used as an element of social cohesion and mobilization in rejection of the implementation of a shale gas extraction project in the municipality of Guasca, through the technique of fracking. In this case, a local organization called “Mountain Fortitude Community Association” uses the communitarian initiative (soup for all) not only as an element to mitigate hunger, but also as a means of visibility to the various conflicts that may arise from the development of an extractive practice. This way, positions in favor of the protection of food and territory and voices against it can be evidenced. This allows demonstrating that food is closely related to economic, cultural and political aspects of a given context.
Estudio de la Estabilidad de los Antioxidantes del Vino de Flor de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) en el Almacenamiento
Authors: López Cristina , González Gallardo Carlos Ernesto , Guerrero Ochoa M.J. , Mariño Gabriel , Jácome Belén , Beltrán Sinchiguano Elena
Published: March 2019

En la actualidad existe un importante interés en el estudio de alimentos que contienen compuestos antioxidantes. Muchas investigaciones han determinado que la flor de jamaica es rica en compuestos fenólicos principalmente antocianinas y flavonoides como la delfinidina-3-sambubiosido, delfinidina-3-glucósido, cianidina-3-glucósido, cianidina-3-sambubiosido, quercetina y kaempferol. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la estabilidad de los antioxidantes del vino de flor de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) durante su almacenamiento. Para ello, el vino fue almacenado a una temperatura ambiente de 20ºC y a temperatura de refrigeración de 6ºC. A los 0, 7 y 14 días se determinó las características fisicoquímicas, turbidez, color, el contenido de polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante. Con respecto a las características fisicoquímicas (sólidos solubles, pH y acidez titulable) el vino no presentó diferencias entre muestras almacenadas en ambiente y refrigeración. El color de todas las muestras presento altos de absorbancias en un rango de 515 y 520 nm representativo de los pigmentos de color rojo, que corresponden a una alta concentración de antocianinas. La estabilidad del contenido de polifenoles no presentó diferencias significativas durante su almacenamiento, sin embargo las muestras sometidas a refrigeración tuvieron un contenido fenólico menor. En la capacidad antioxidante existió una diferencia entre las dos temperaturas de almacenamiento, presentando un porcentaje de inhibición menor del radical ABTS●+ para las muestras sometidas a refrigeración. El almacenamiento del vino de flor de Jamaica a temperatura ambiente presenta mayor capacidad antioxidante, inhibiendo los radicales libres y disminuyendo la oxidación de compuestos fenólicos presentes en el vino, alargando su vida útil.
Terminal surgery to optogenetically stimulate the SMG with or without vagal nerve stimulation in mice v1
Authors: Reardon Colin , Sladek Jessica , Murray Kaitlin
Published: March 2019

In all experiments the general surgical procedure was conducted by placing of mice in an isofluorane induction chamber. The amount of isofluorane was controlled by a calibrated veterinary isofluorane vaporizer to deliver 5% v/v isofluorane during induction of anesthesia. Mice we were maintained under isoflurane anesthesia to effect, ensuring lack of responsiveness and adequate heartrate and SpO2% by pulse-oximetry. After ensuring non-rresponsivenes to toe pinch, blink reflex, ophthalmic ointment was applied to prevent corneal drying. Exposure of the SMG was performed by midline incision and placement of retractors maintain a line of sight to the SMG. The liver was retracted using a hand-held retractor when necessary. In experiments requiring vagal nerve stimulation, access to the left cervical vagus was achieved by midline incision along the neck, with microdissection of the carotid sheath to expose the vagus.
The effect of secondary prevention after revascularization in Taiwan: A nationwide cohort study v1
Authors: Feng Wen-Han
Published: March 2019

Background Secondary prevention therapy for patients with coronary artery disease using an antiplatelet agent, b-blocker, renin-angiotensin system blocker (RASB), or statin plays an important role in the reduction of coronary events after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We analyzed the status and effects of secondary prevention after coronary revascularization in Taiwan. Methods This national population-based cohort study was conducted by analyzing the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Patients who underwent CABG or PCI from 2004 to 2009 were included in the analysis. The baseline characteristics of the patients and ACC/AHA class I medication use at 12 months were analyzed.The primary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. Results A total of 5544 patients comprising 895 CABG and 4649 PCI patients were evaluated. CABG patients had more comorbidities and a higher rate of major adverse event during the follow-up period. However, use of antiplatelet agents and RASB at 12 months was significantly lower in CABG patients than in PCI patients (44.2% vs. 50.9% and 38.6% vs. 48.9%, both p < 0.01). Age, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were independent risk factors while statin use was a protective factor for the primary endpoints in both PCI and CABG groups. Conclusion There is still much room to improve class I medication use in secondary prevention for patients after revascularization in Taiwan. Statin could be an effective treatment to improve the outcomes.
Migration, le bonheur ou un espoir idéalisé ? dans « Ulysse from Bagdad » d’Éric Emmanuel Schmitt
Authors: REZVANTALAB Zeinab , HAJI BABAIE Zahra
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article rapporte les résultats d’analyse d’« Ulysse from Baghdad », le roman d’Éric Emmanuel Schmitt,  au point de vue de  la question de migration. Nous nous appuyons sur les idées d’Abdelmalek Sayad (1933-1998), sociologue de l’immigration, pour répondre aux questions suivantes : Quel est le motif de la migration ? D’où vient le phénomène de la migration clandestine ? Quel est son impact sur la vie des réfugiés ? Comment cet effet socio-psychologique est-il présenté à travers une œuvre littéraire ? Quel rapport entretient Schmitt avec ce phénomène clé de notre temps ? Quelle est notre responsabilité face à ce phénomène ? On déduit qu’il faut avant toute chose donner à tout homme la possibilité de vivre dans le respect de sa dignité dans son pays. On constatera aussi que l’auteur a incité les candidats au voyage clandestin à s’éloigner des illusions et à décider avec le bon sens. Mots-clés : Abdelmalek Sayad, Bonheur, Migration, Responsabilité, Schmitt. ABSTRACT. This article reports the analytical findings of Eric Emmanuel Schmitt's novel, "Ulysses from Baghdad", from the point of view of the issue of migration. We rely on the ideas of Abdelmalek Sayad (1933-1998), sociologist of immigration, in order to answer the following questions: What is the reason for the migration? Where does the phenomenon of clandestine migration come from? What impact can migration have on the lives of refugees? How is this socio-psychological effect presented through a literary work? What relationship does Schmitt have with this key phenomenon of our time? What is our responsibility for this phenomenon? It is deduced that it is necessary above all to give to every man the possibility of living in the respect of his dignity in his country. It will also be noted that the author has encouraged candidates to travel underground to get away from illusions and to decide with common sense. Keywords: Abdelmalek Sayad, Happiness, Migration, Responsibility, Schmit.
Application of Bamboo Radial Compression Joint for Tension and Knock-Down Structures
Authors: Widyowijatnoko Andry , Aditra Rakhmat Fitranto
Published: March 2019

Bamboo applications become popular recently by the community due to the rise of environmental awareness, including for post-disaster building. Two aspects of post-disaster buildings were considered: i.e. its performance and its recyclability. This research explore ability of bamboo as tensile structure, and also as knock-down structure. Bamboo radial compression (barcom) connection was explored by these aspects. Barcom joint is one of the solutions to be  effectively used for gaining the tensile strength of bamboo by converting tensile load parallel to fiber into radial compression perpendicular to fiber. Barcom joint was tested to acquire its load capacity and its future improvement. The load test showed that the barcom connection could reach up to 21.61 kN. To improve this capacity, either better wire or special washer design could be proposed. The adaption in previous built structure (i.e. Three Mountain Building in Serangan island, Bali and knock-down bamboo geodesic dome in Colombia) was used as a case-study. In the construction of Three Mountain Building, barcom joint was used to hang the bamboo rafters and acts as tension-like member. Meanwhile, the use of barcom joint in Colombia was intended to connect the bamboo with the steel bowl connector which could be dismantled and reused again many times.