bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection rate for ESR1 mutations is higher in circulating‐tumor‐cell‐derived genomic DNA than in paired plasma cell‐free DNA samples as revealed by ddPCR
Authors: Smilkou Stavroula , Ntzifa Aliki , Tserpeli Victoria , Balgkouranidou Ioanna , Papatheodoridi Alkistis , Razis Evangelia , Linardou Helena , Papadimitriou Christos , Psyrri Amanda , Zagouri Flora , Kakolyris Stylianos , Lianidou Evi
Published: January 2025

Plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis to track estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mutations is highly beneficial for the identification of tumor molecular dynamics and the improvement of personalized treatments for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Plasma‐cfDNA is, up to now, the most frequent liquid biopsy analyte used to evaluate ESR1 mutational status. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration and molecular characterization analysis provides important clinical information in patients with MBC. In this study, we investigated whether analysis of CTCs and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provide similar or complementary information for the analysis of ESR1 mutations. We analyzed both plasma‐cfDNA (n = 90) and paired CTC‐derived genomic DNA (gDNA; n = 42) from 90 MBC patients for seven ESR1 mutations. Eight out of 90 (8.9%) plasma‐cfDNA samples tested using the ddPLEX Mutation Detection Assay (Bio‐Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), were found positive for one ESR1 mutation, whereas 11/42 (26.2%) CTC‐derived gDNA samples were found positive for at least one ESR1 mutation. Direct comparison of paired samples (n = 42) revealed that the ESR1 mutation rate was higher in CTC‐derived gDNA (11/42, 26.2%) than in plasma‐cfDNA (6/42, 14.3%) samples. Our results, using this highly sensitive ddPLEX assay, reveal a higher percentage of mutations in CTC‐derived gDNAs than in paired ctDNA in patients with MBC. CTC‐derived gDNA analysis should be further evaluated as an important and complementary tool to ctDNA for identifying patients with ESR1 mutations and for guiding individualized therapy.
Analysis of natural convection effects in non‐vacuum‐based insulation layers of large‐scale liquid hydrogen tanks
Authors: Sharma Swapnil , Balakotaiah Vemuri
Published: January 2025

This work examines natural convection effects in the non‐vacuum‐based dual insulation layers of liquid hydrogen storage tanks. Specifically, we consider a dual‐layer insulation system in which the inner layer (near the cold boundary) is a hydrogen‐filled porous material, while the outer layer (near the warm boundary) is a nitrogen‐filled porous medium. We use linear instability theory to determine the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convective motions, accounting for full physical property variation. We show that the highly unstable density stratification can lead to sub‐critical bifurcations and the co‐existence of conduction and convective states. We present computed bifurcation diagrams, along with flow patterns and temperature profiles of the emerging convective states. Due to sub‐critical bifurcations, in order to avoid convective motions and minimize the boil‐off rate, the insulation needs to be designed such that the Rayleigh number is below the limit point of the convective branch.
Fire in the tree: The origin and distribution of fire–adapted traits within conifers and their influence on speciation rates across the conifer phylogeny
Authors: Turck Daniel F. , Schwery Orlando , Harmon Luke J. , Tank David C.
Published: January 2025

Premise

Considering rapidly changing fire regimes due to anthropogenic disturbances to climate and fuel loads, it is crucial to understand the underpinnings driving fire‐adapted trait evolution. Among the oldest lineages affected by fire is Coniferae. This lineage occupies a variety of fire prone and non‐fire prone habitats across all hemispheres and has four fire‐adapted traits: (1) thick bark; (2) serotiny; (3) seedling grass stage; and (4) resprouting ability. We seek to determine the historic origins of these traits, the degree of convergent evolution among species, how fire adaptations affect diversification rates in conifers, and if there is a link between climate and the evolution of fire adaptations.

Methods

To investigate these questions, we use a combination of ancestral state reconstructions, multiple diversification analyses, and Pagel trait correlations.

Results

Our results point to multiple evolutionary origins of fire adaptations. We find certain climates, particularly Subtropical and Mediterranean, are highly correlated with species possessing fire adaptations. Several lineages evolved fire adaptations after the Mid‐Miocene Climactic Optimum, which coincides with the expansion of the then novel Mediterranean Climate type. Generally possessing a fire adaptation does not increase diversification rates, with the possible exceptions of Pinus subsections Australes and Ponderosae.

Conclusions

The appearance of novel climates and associated fire regimes seem to have been the primary drivers of fire adaptation evolution in conifers. However, most increases in diversification rates are within clades that responded favorably to cooler drier climates post Mid‐Miocene Climactic Optimum, regardless of whether the clade is fire adapted.
Appraising the Effects of Gut Microbiota on Insomnia Risk Through Genetic Causal Analysis
Authors: Li Peihong , Wang Song , Li Jiaxin , Xiao Zheng , Zhu Haoyue , Sheng Dandan , Liu Weiping , Xiao Bo , Zhou Luo
Published: January 2025

BackgroundInsomnia is a common neurological disorder that exhibits connections with the gut microbiota; however, the exact causal relationship remains unclear. MethodsWe conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to systematically evaluate the causal effects of genus‐level gut microbiota on insomnia risk in individuals of European ancestry. Summary‐level datasets on gut microbiota were sourced from the genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of MiBioGen, while datasets on insomnia were obtained from the GWAS of Neale Lab and FinnGen. The primary analytical approach used was the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented by MR‐Egger, maximum likelihood, MR‐robust adjusted profile score, and weighted median. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure robustness. ResultsThe microbial taxa Enterorhabdus, Family XIII AD3011 group, Paraprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae UCG004 were associated with an increased risk of insomnia, whereas Coprococcus1, Coprobacter, Desulfovibrio, Flavonifractor, Olsenella, Odoribacter, and Oscillibacter were linked to a decreased risk. Regarding the insomnia phenotype characterized by trouble falling asleep, the microbial taxon Eisenbergiella was correlated with an increased risk, while Haemophilus and the Eubacterium brachy group were associated with a reduced risk. Furthermore, for the insomnia phenotype characterized by waking too early, the microbial taxa Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group, and Olsenella were linked to an increased risk, whereas the Eubacterium brachy group and Victivallis were associated with a lower risk. The results remained robust across all sensitivity analyses. ConclusionOur MR study identified multiple genus‐level gut microbial taxa that may exhibit potential causal effects on insomnia from a genetic perspective. These findings provide evidence supporting the theory of the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis and offer new insights into potential prevention and therapeutic targets for insomnia.
Genomics Review of Selective RET Inhibitors Sensitivity in Thyroid Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Gil‐Bernabé Sara , García‐DeLaFuente Lucía , García‐Álvarez Alejandro , García‐Rostán Ginesa , Capdevila Jaume , Hernando Jorge
Published: January 2025

RET gene is a driver of thyroid cancer (TC) tumorigenesis. The incidence of TC has increased worldwide in the last few decades, both in medullary and follicular‐derived subtypes. Several drugs, including multikinase and selective inhibitors, have been explored. Selpercatinib and pralsetinib are selective RET inhibitors that have shown clear clinical benefits for patients in the LIBRETTO and ARROW trials, respectively. Currently, their development and application in clinical practice are ongoing. However, its efficacy in different RET pathogenic variants has not yet been well established. Although selpercatinib and pralsetinib achieved a high ORR, no data are available regarding the differences in tumor responses of both TC groups according to RET pathogenic variants. Clinical trials and literature have analyzed the efficacy of selective RET inhibitors with a special interest in the most common variants. A review of LIBRETTO and ARROW trials was made regarding the change in tumor size depending on the pathogenic variants. M918T pathogenic variant resulted in a higher complete response rate. Patients who underwent fusion had the highest ORR (objective response rate). MKi‐treated patients did not exhibit significant differences from untreated patients. Different RET pathogenic variants are not biomarkers of RETi response in TC. Selpercatinib showed a tendency to achieve a complete response. All patients with RET pathogenic variants should receive treatment with selpercatinib or pralsetinib at any moment of the therapeutic schedule owing to off‐target inhibition and toxicity. Therefore, new targets for drug sensitivity and resistance should be explored.
Kohlenstoffzentrierte Reaktivität von Carbodiphosphoran Liganden ermöglicht nicht‐unschuldige Redoxaktivität, Ligand‐Ligand‐Kooperation und Duale‐Bindungsaktivierungen
Authors: Schatz Philipp , Xu Weiqin , Rynek Sebastian , Maser Leon , Heise Niels , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter , Haeri Haleh Hashemi , Hinderberger Dariush , Vogt Matthias , Langer Robert
Published: January 2025

Koordinierte Liganden sind in der Regel nicht mehr nukleophil und nicht in die Redox‐Prozesse von Metallkomplexen involviert. In diesem Manuskript berichten wir über das Vorliegen beider Eigenschaften in koordinierten Carbodiphosphoranen (CDP), was zu bisher unbekannten, kohlenstoffzentrierten Reaktivitätsmustern führt: Ein CDP‐basierender Rhodium‐Pinzetten‐Komplex ermöglicht dabei die Spaltung von zwei C−Cl‐Bindungen in geminalen Dichloriden durch zwei aufeinanderfolgende, SN2‐artige oxidative Additionsschritte, was zur Bildung eines stabilisierten Carben‐Fragments führt. In Anwesenheit eines geeigneten Reduktionsmittels kann das Carben‐Fragment in einer katalytischen Reaktion in Olefine oder Hydrodehalogenierungsprodukte überführt werden. Die entwickelte Methode kann auch zur Umwandlung von Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffen (FCKW) wie CH2ClF in Fluormethan und Methan verwendet werden. Der stark nucleophile Charakter der koordinierten CDPs spiegelt sich auch in dem geringen Oxidationspotenzial wider, was die Bildung von Radikalen begünstigt und zu einem einzigartigen kationischen Kohlenstoff‐zentrierten radikalischen CDP‐Liganden führt. Dieses kohlenstoffzentrierte Radikal ist in der Lage Wasserstoff durch das kooperative Zusammenspiel mit einem weiteren Liganden zu aktivieren.
Isolated Neutral Organic Radical Unveiled Solvent‐Radical Interaction in Highly Reducing Photocatalysis
Authors: Shaikh Aslam C. , Hossain Md Mubarak , Moutet Jules , Kumar Anshu , Thompson Benjamin , Huxter Vanessa M. , Gianetti Thomas L.
Published: January 2025

Diffusion‐limited kinetics is a key mechanistic debate when consecutive photoelectron transfer (conPET) is discussed in photoredox catalysis. In situ generated organic photoactive radicals can access catalytic systems as reducing as alkaline metals that can activate remarkably stable bonds. However, in many cases, the extremely short‐lived transient nature of these doublet state open‐shell species has led to debatable mechanistic studies, hindering adoption and development. Herein, we document the use of an isolated and stable neutral organic nPrDMQA radical as a highly photoreducing species. The isolated radical offers a unique platform to investigate the mechanism behind the photocatalytic activity of organic photocatalyst radicals. The involvement of reduced solvent is observed, formed by single electron transfer (SET) between the short‐lived excited state nPrDMQA radical and the solvent. In our detailed mechanistic studies, spectroscopic and chemical affirmation of solvent reduction is strongly evident. Reduction of aryl halides, including difluoroarenes is presented as a model study of the conPET method. Further, the activation of N2O, a greenhouse gas that is yet to be activated by photoredox catalysis, is showcased in the absence of a transition metal.
Electrolyte Decoupling Strategy for Metal Oxide‐Based Zinc‐Ion Batteries Free of Crosstalk Effect
Authors: Tang Mingkun , Zhao Xin , Han Ran , Wang Yao , Ding Yichen , Si Zhichun , Li Baohua , Zhou Dong , Kang Feiyu
Published: January 2025

The crosstalk of transition metal ions between the metal oxide cathode and Zn anode restricts the practical applications of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, we propose a decoupled electrolyte (DCE) consisting of a nonaqueous‐phase (N‐phase) anolyte and an aqueous‐phase (A‐phase) catholyte to prevent the crosstalk of Mn2+, thus extending the lifespan of MnO2‐based ZIBs. Experimental measurements and theoretical modelling verify that trimethyl phosphate (TMP) not only synergistically works with NH4Cl in the N‐phase anolyte to enable fast Zn2+ conduction while blocking Mn2+ diffusion toward anode, but also modifies the Zn2+ solvation structure to suppress the dendrite formation and corrosion on Zn anode. Meanwhile, the A‐phase catholyte effectively accelerates the cathode reaction kinetics. The as‐developed Zn|DCE|MnO2 cell delivers 80.13 % capacity retention after 900 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. This approach is applicable for other metal oxide cathode‐based ZIBs, thereby opening a new avenue for developing ultrastable ZIBs.
Solvent‐Free Approach for Performance Regulation in Transparent Waterborne Polyurethane Acrylate Dispersions Through Excessive Neutralization
Authors: Hu Guyue , Zhang Zijian , Qian Hongxiang , Wang Qirun , Shi Jichao , Chang Shufang , Jia Runping , Xu Xiaowei
Published: January 2025

The conventional use of the acetone method for waterborne polyurethane acrylate(WPUA) preparation encounters challenges in completely eliminating volatile organic compound emissions, presenting obstacles to meeting potentially stricter emission standards in the future. This work investigated the possibility of preparing WPUA using the acetone method without organic solvents. For the first time, it was found that excessive neutralizing agents can contribute to the performance regulation of WPUA dispersions by inhibiting the crystallization of polyurethane hard chain segments under the condition of a large number of urethane end chain segments. The conditions under which performance regulation can occur were verified through comparative experiments and density functional theory simulations. The research results demonstrate the successful preparation of a highly transparent WPUA dispersion with a particle size of 47.92 nm, a polydispersity of 0.032, a solid content of 44.12 wt%, and a rotational viscosity of 169.27 mPa·s. The membrane prepared by this dispersion exhibited a tensile strength of 30.51 MPa and a significantly low degree of swelling. This study emphasizes the scalability and universality of the proposed methods, highlighting their long‐term significance, potential for industrial production, and contribution to establishing a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future.
Fumed Silica Enhances the Flame Retardancy of Ammonium Polyphosphate/Urea/Di‐Pentaerythritol Doped Silicone Acrylic Emulsion Coating
Authors: Tian Hua , Wang YaChao , Lu DongZhao , Zhao JiangPing , Xie Jin
Published: January 2025

In this study, a new intumescent flame‐retardant coating based on silicone‐acrylic emulsion is prepared using KH550‐modified fumed silica, ammonium polyphosphate, urea, and di‐pentaerythritol. The cone calorimeter (CC) test demonstrates that 0.50 wt% fumed silica significantly improves the flame retardancy of the coating. Compared with the coating without fumed silica, 0.50 wt% fumed silica reduces the total heat release (THR) of the coating from 18.00 to 16.38 MW m−2, and the flame retardant index (FRI) increases from 1.00 to 2.03. Fumed silica enhances the strength of residues, as demonstrated by binding force compression curves and other tests. The yield force and compressive strength of residues increase by 91.26% and 94.12%, respectively. Moreover, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis shows that 0.50 wt% fumed silica enhances the thermal stability of the coating. In the pyrolysis kinetic analysis, the three‐stage deceleration function (F3) is selected as the pyrolysis function. The activation energy (E

α
) of the coating with 0.50 wt% fumed silica increases from 155.28 to 234.86 kJ mol−1 at 370°C–410°C. The above conclusions show that fumed silica has great potential to improve flame retardancy and provides a new strategy for expanding the research field of flame retardant coatings.
Effect of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)‐Poly(d‐Lactide) Block Copolymers on the Microstructure and Performances of Poly(l‐Lactide)/Rubber Blends
Authors: Liu Huili , Su Luyao , Li Ruihan , Wang Liting , Bai Dongyu
Published: January 2025

In this article, poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(d‐lactide) (PEG‐PDLA) block copolymers with different PEG chain lengths were synthesized and melt‐mixed with poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) and rubber nanoparticles. The role of PEG‐PDLA block copolymers in tailoring the microstructures and performances of PLLA/rubber blend were investigated in detail. It was found that high contents of stereocomplex (SC) crystals were generated in PLLA/rubber/PEG‐PDLA copolymer blends, which induced rubber nanoparticles to agglomerate and form network‐like structures. The size of rubber aggregates and continuity of rubber network‐like structures first increased and then declined significantly as the PEG chain length increased. Resultingly, the impact toughness of PLLA/rubber/PEG‐PDLA copolymer blends first remarkably increased to 74.1 kJ/m2 and then decreased to 30.6 kJ/m2. Meanwhile, the elongation at break increased with increasing PEG chain length and little loss of tensile strength happened, revealing good stiffness‐toughness balance performances of PLLA/rubber/PEG‐PDLA copolymer blends. Moreover, the matrix crystallization rate of PLLA/rubber/PEG‐PDLA copolymer blends could be greatly increased by increasing PEG chain length and the PLLA/rubber/PEG‐PDLA copolymer blends exhibited much higher Vicat softening temperatures than PLLA/rubber blend, which confirmed the excellent heat resistance of PLLA/rubber/PEG‐PDLA copolymer blends. These interesting findings suggested that PEG‐PDLA block copolymers were highly conducive to prepare PLLA materials with outstanding comprehensive performances.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a digital escape room for learning veterinary anatomy
Authors: Montel Charles , Cartiaux Benjamin , Mogicato Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Anatomy plays a key role in veterinary training, and alternatives to traditional teaching methods, such as game‐based learning and escape rooms, are emerging as innovative and effective methods. However, the effectiveness of these approaches, particularly in areas such as veterinary anatomy, remains under‐researched. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital escape room in teaching veterinary anatomy to first‐year students at the Toulouse Veterinary School. It included interactive elements and puzzles based on veterinary anatomy content. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 81) that engaged with the digital escape room or a control group (n = 81). Pre‐ and post‐tests were conducted with a score out of 100 to assess knowledge acquisition, and the participants' perception of the digital escape room was evaluated using a questionnaire. When comparing the difference between pre‐ and post‐test scores, the experimental group showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). When comparing the post‐test, the experimental group achieved a higher test scores with statistical significance comparing to the control group (p < 0.0001), indicating improved knowledge acquisition. The questionnaire reported that the digital escape room helped increase motivation and interest in learning. However, the lowest score in student–teacher interaction indicates a potential lack of feedback to support student progress. Digital escape rooms are a promising effective and engaging tool for teaching veterinary anatomy, offering practicality, scalability, and potential application across various disciplines of veterinary studies.
Giant Seebeck Effect of Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene and its Derivatives: Deuteration and Substituent Effects and Relationship with Interlayer Distance
Authors: Kojima Hirotaka , Kojima Kohei , Kawauchi Toshiki , Abe Ryo , Nakamura Masakazu , Yamagishi Masakazu , Hamaguchi Naoto , Yamanishi Katsunori , Tsuji Hayato
Published: January 2025

Thermoelectric properties of undoped crystals of dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC), deuterated DBC (DBC‐d16), and 2,10‐dimethyl‐DBC (DBC‐Me2) have been studied to obtain some insights into the relationship between the structural parameters of materials and the giant Seebeck effect. X‐ray crystallography showed one‐dimensional columnar packing with the interlayer distances (d) for DBC‐d16, DBC, and DBC‐Me2 were 3.78 Å, 3.79 Å, and 3.91 Å, respectively. All three compounds formed one‐dimensional carrier transport pathways as suggested by the transfer integral calculations. Their Seebeck coefficients (α) were negative, indicating n‐type behavior. DBC‐d16 exhibited among the highest peak Seebeck coefficient (αmax=−114 mV/K) compared to DBC and DBC‐Me2 (αmax=−31 and −22 mV/K, respectively). The power factors of DBC‐d16 and DBC‐Me2 were higher than that of DBC, due to an increase in Seebeck coefficient and conductivity, respectively. Notably, a positive correlation was found between the peak temperature of the Seebeck coefficient and interlayer distance d, while |αmax| correlated negatively with d. Deuteration significantly enhanced |αmax|, likely due to reduced molecular vibrations, though further investigation should consider the effect of dynamic structural fluctuation caused by thermal motion.
Estimation of Secondary Metabolites, Nutrients, Minerals, and Anti‐Inflammatory and Antidiarrheal Agents in Heliotropium rariflorum Stocks at Two Phenological Stages
Authors: Uza Noor Ul , Dastagir Ghulam , Ahmad Imran , Ullah Sami , Din Israr Ud , Suleman Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The medicinal value of plants depends on minerals and nutrients and their complexation with chemotherapeutic compounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition with anti‐inflammatory and antidiarrheal potential of Heliotropium rariflorum. Among nutrients, fibers were maximum (25.3% in leaves, 53.05% in stem, 57.01% in roots) during flowering period. Leaves were rich in ash contents. Fat contents were minimum (0.94%–7.22%) in plant parts during both periods. The highest gross energy was calculated for leaves during vegetative period (210.136 kcal/100 g). Similarly, macro‐minerals (Ca & K contents) were highest at both stages, whereas micro‐minerals (Cu contents) were at flowering stage as compared to the rest of the elements. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) revealed that the leaves methanolic extract was rich in 16,28‐secosolanidan‐3‐ol and tetrahydro‐solasodine (1.40%), stem in 6‐octadecenoic acid (29.24%) (9,12‐octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) and cis‐7‐dodecen‐1‐yl acetate; 14.30%), and roots in 4‐(1‐methyle 2‐cyclohexen)‐1‐one, 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole, and 2,4‐dimethylfuran (0.83%). The plant exhibited statistically significant (p < 0.01) anti‐inflammatory while mild antidiarrheal properties (p > 0.01). It is recommended that H. rariflorum is a good source of nutrients, minerals, and secondary metabolites and can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries, especially as an anti‐inflammatory and antidiarrheal agent.
Target Identification of Marine Natural Product Odoamide:Odoamide Induces Apoptotic Cell Death by Targeting ATPase Na+/K+ Transporting Subunit Alpha 1 (ATP1A1)
Authors: Katsumata Ryosuke , Kamiyama Hiroshi , Sagane Koji , Yamamoto Yuji , Azuma Hiroshi , Nishibata Kyoko , Kotake Yoshihiko , Nakano Shizuka , Okubo Shinya , Teruya Toshiaki , Okuda Akifumi , Takase Yasutaka
Published: January 2025

Marine natural products show a large variety of unique chemical structures and potent biological activities. Elucidating the target molecule and the mechanism of action is an essential and challenging step in drug development starting with a natural product. Odoamide, a member of aurilide‐family isolated from Okinawan marine cyanobacterium, has been known to exhibit highly potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the target protein and the cytotoxic mechanism of odoamide. Compared to existing anticancer agents, odoamide showed a unique fingerprint in the JFCR39 cancer cell panel and a characteristic pattern in gene expression profiling. Affinity chromatography utilizing a biologically active odoamide probe identified ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1) as a specific binding protein. Additionally, cells resistant to odoamide were found to have mutations at Gly98 and Gly99 of the ATP1A1 protein. The apparently attenuated cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of odoamide in odoamide‐resistant cells suggests that the induction of these activities by odoamide is critically dependent on its interaction with ATP1A1. We conclude that odoamide induces apoptotic cell death by targeting ATP1A1, and we discuss the impact of affinity‐based target identification for natural products and the potential of ATP1A1 inhibitors for drug discovery.
The present and future of digital health, digital medicine, and digital therapeutics for allergic diseases
Authors: Zhang He , Cao Yang , Jiang Haibo , Zhou Qilin , Yang Qintai , Cheng Lei
Published: January 2025

Background

Digital health, digital medicine, and digital therapeutics integrate advanced computer technologies into healthcare, aiming to improve efficiency and patient outcomes. These technologies offer innovative solutions for the management of allergic diseases, which affect a significant proportion of the global population and are increasing in prevalence.

Body

This review examines the current progress and future potential of digital health in allergic disease management. It highlights key advancements, including telehealth, mobile health (mHealth), artificial intelligence, clinical decision support systems (CDSS), and digital biomarkers, with a focus on their relevance to allergic disease management. The role of digital tools in improving treatment adherence, enabling remote care, and integrating environmental and patient data into personalized care models is discussed. Challenges such as data privacy, interoperability, and equitable access are addressed, alongside potential strategies to overcome these barriers.

Conclusion

Digital therapy will play an important role in allergic diseases, and the further development of digital therapies will effectively promote the development of clinical research, digital biomarkers, hypoallergenic environments and digital twins. More research is needed to support the progress of digital therapy for allergic diseases.
Disease control and quality of life in chronic spontaneous urticaria and recurrent angioedema are strongly linked, but not in all patients
Authors: Neisinger Sophia , Salameh Pascale , Gutsche Annika , Aulenbacher Felix , Siebenhaar Frank , Maurer Marcus
Published: January 2025

Background

Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) help to assess disease control and quality of life (QoL) in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and recurrent angioedema (RA). This study aimed to assess the correlation between two different concepts: disease control and QoL, using disease‐specific PROMs.

Methods

We analyzed data from 445 CSU and 330 RA patients who completed both a disease control and QoL PROM as part of the clinical routine. We included the UCT and CU‐Q2oL for CSU and AECT and AE‐QoL for RA.

Results

In CSU and RA, disease control scores positively correlated with QoL scores (Spearman's rho correlation coefficient (CR) −0.757, −0.735; p < 0.001) with better disease control corresponding to better quality of life. However, 5.9% of CSU patients and 28% of RA patients with complete disease control had impaired QoL. In CSU, QoL was impaired in 69.2% of patients based on the CU‐Q2oL and in 62.7% of patients based on a single numeric question from the UCT, with a mismatch in 89/445 patients. In RA, QoL was impaired in 58.5% using the AE‐QoL and in 52.7% using a single numeric question from the AECT30mo, with a mismatch in 69/330 patients. Different domains of the QoL PROMs showed different degrees of influence on disease control, with “Itching/Embarrassment” showing the strongest correlation with the UCT (CR −0.804; p < 0.001) and “Functioning” with the AECT3mo (CR −0.824; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Although most patients with controlled disease have better quality of life, unexpectedly, quality of life remains impaired in up to one‐fourth of patients with completely controlled CSU and RA. Reasons behind this should be investigated in further studies.
Astral Microtubules Are Dispensable for Pavarotti Localization During Drosophila Spermatogonial Mitoses
Authors: Riparbelli Maria Giovanna , Migliorini Massimo , Callaini Giuliano
Published: January 2025

We analysed here the dynamic of the kinesin‐like Pavarotti (Pav) during male gametogenesis of wild‐type and Sas4 mutant flies. Pav localizes to the equatorial region and the inner central spindle of late anaphase wild‐type spermatogonia and displays a strong concentration at the midbody during late telophase. At metaphase of the first meiotic division, Pav shows widespread localization on the equatorial region of the spermatocytes. This unusual distribution restricts and enhances during anaphase where antiparallel cortical microtubules overlap. Additional Pav staining is also found in the inner central spindle where the microtubules overlap between the segregating chromosomes. At late telophase, Pav accumulates to the midbody and on a weak ring that surround the cytoplasmic bridges. Pav localizes in an equatorial discontinuous ring of Sas4 spermatogonia where the non‐centrosomal microtubules overlap, but the motor protein is absent in the interior central spindle where the inner microtubules are lacking. However, the anastral spindles properly support cell division, suggesting that astral microtubules are dispensable for Pav localization in the Sas4 spermatogonial cell cortex. This function is presumably replaced by the antiparallel cortical microtubules extending from the acentriolar polar regions. In contrast, the majority of the meiotic spindles in Sas4 mutant testes do not progress beyond late anaphase, and only a small fraction of the primary spermatocytes experienced an abnormal division with the assembly of aberrant telophase spindles. Pav accumulates around the chromatin clusters or enhanced at the plus ends of the antiparallel non‐centrosomal cortical bundles of microtubules. However, these bundles are not arranged properly in the equatorial region of the cell and cytokinesis is abnormal or fails. Therefore, the observations in Sas4 mutant testes suggest that the spermatogonial mitoses correctly occur in the absence of astral microtubules, whereas meiotic divisions fail.
Boosting the Performance of a Zero‐gap Flow Microbial Fuel Cell by Immobilized Redox Mediators
Authors: Chikin Dmitry , Petrov Mikhail , Loktionov Pavel , Pichugov Roman , Antipov Anatoly
Published: January 2025

Although microbial fuel cells (MFC) could be a promising energy source, their implementation is largely limited by low performance. There are several approaches to overcome this issue. For example, MFC performance can be enhanced using redox mediators (RM) capable of transferring electrons between microorganisms and MFC electrodes. The other, quite novel approach is to use zero‐gap electrochemical cells, which minimize the distance between MFC electrodes and, therefore, its internal resistance. This work aims to investigate the compatibility of these approaches. First, a template electropolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) on carbon felt was carried out in the presence of 2,7‐anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS) acting as an RM. These materials were then used as the anode of a zero‐gap double chamber MFC inoculated with sediment from a natural water body and continuously fed with artificial wastewater. On the scales of 45 and 64 days, such cells exhibited power density of up to 900 mW m−2, while unmodified cells demonstrated values tens of times lower, indicating that RM appears to extensively incorporate weak electricigens from the inoculant in the MFC operation. PPy/AQDS electrodes retain electroactive properties during long‐term tests, resulting in a theoretical turnover rate of AQDS molecules up to 590.
Urinary Kidney Injury Biomarker Profiles in Healthy Individuals and After Nephrotoxic and Ischemic Injury
Authors: Waikar Sushrut S. , Mogg Robin , Baker Amanda F. , Frendl Gyorgy , Topper Michael , Adler Scott , Sultana Stefan , Zhao Runqi , King Nicholas M. P. , Piccoli Steven P. , Sauer John‐Michael , Hoffmann Steve , Nunes Irene , Sistare Frank D.
Published: January 2025

Two observational studies were conducted to support an initiative to qualify translational kidney safety biomarkers as clinical drug development tools that identify tubular injury prior to changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Normal healthy volunteers provided three morning spot urine collections over 4 weeks. Patients undergoing surgical resection and intrathoracic cisplatin for malignant pleural mesothelioma provided urine samples pre‐ and postoperatively at 4, 8, and 12 hours and daily for 6 days. Using receiver‐operating characteristics curves, “statistically significant thresholds” established peak longitudinal changes for 8 biomarkers to differentiate mesothelioma patients who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) from normal healthy volunteers. We also assessed “medically significant thresholds” to differentiate mesothelioma patients who did vs. did not develop AKI. Statistically and medically significant thresholds for a fold‐change from baseline of urine creatinine (UCr)‐normalized values were established for 6 biomarkers: clusterin (2.2, 5.1); osteopontin (3.1, 7.1); N‐acetyl‐ß‐D‐glucosaminidase (2.7, 8.1); kidney injury molecule‐1 (4.3, 7.5); cystatin C (1.8, 4.5); neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (2.9, 7.8). For urine albumin and total protein, thresholds were established based on UCr‐normalized absolute values: (> upper limit normal, > 10× upper limit normal). Statistically significant thresholds for all biomarkers outperformed eGFR at discriminating mesothelioma subjects exposed to cisplatin from healthy volunteers, demonstrating their utility for enhancing safe drug development. Medically significant thresholds provide perspective on when patients begin to exhibit AKI. These studies have established guideposts for confirmatory studies with additional cohorts and nephrotoxicants to formally qualify the selected biomarkers with worldwide regulatory authorities.
Two‐Dimensional BiOCl Nanosheet‐Encapsulated Cu2O Octahedra: p‐n Junction Photocatalysts for Efficient Visible Light Driven CO2‐To‐CH4 Conversion
Authors: Maryama Putri Jasmitha , Wi Dae Han , Bin Azizar Ghufran Aulia , Kim Beom Jin , Hong Jong Wook
Published: January 2025

Cu2O has attracted significant attention as a potential photocatalyst for CO2 reduction. However, its practical use is limited by rapid charge recombination, insufficient catalytic sites, and poor stability. In this study, we report a facile synthesis of Cu2O@BiOCl core–shell hybrids with a well‐defined shape of Cu2O and a two‐dimensional nanosheet structure of BiOCl. The strategic selection of BiOCl nanosheet promotes charge separation efficiency via the formation of interfacial p‐n junction and provides the active site for the CO2 reduction leading to enhanced photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CH4 conversion efficiency. In addition, the core–shell hybrids also showed improved stability against photocorrosion of Cu2O. These findings highlight the potential of Cu2O@BiOCl core–shell hybrids as robust and efficient photocatalysts for sustainable fuel production.
Real‐Time Communication System Using Canonical Cortical Graph Neural Network With High‐Level Target Navigation Pigeon‐Inspired Optimization
Authors: Uthayakumar Gadyam Somasundaram , Mathivanan Prasad , Kuppan Padmanaban , Naidu Ganta Bhavani Sankara Rao
Published: January 2025

Radio‐frequency (RF) fingerprinting is an emerging technology for advanced device authentication. This work addresses the issue by improving both the algorithm and hardware to target real‐time AI processing in communication systems. Here, efficient real‐time communication system using canonical cortical graph neural network with high‐level target navigation pigeon‐inspired optimization (RCS‐CCGNN‐HTNPIO) is proposed. Initially, radio frequencies from multiple devices such as modem, TV, and mobile phone, these devices transmit RF signals, which are captured and processed via RF fingerprinting. Then, RF fingerprinting system is designed to distinguish between known signals and unknown signals. Afterwards, the canonical cortical graph neural network (CCGNN) for analyzing and identifying the specific RF fingerprint of each signal. The CCGNN evaluates the signals and categorizes them as known signal or unknown signal based on the RF fingerprint characteristics. Hence, the high‐level target navigation pigeon‐inspired optimization (HTNPIO) is used to optimize the CCGNN. The performance metrics provide a complete assessment of the system's ability to manage the demands of real‐time processing in communication networks. The RCS‐CCGNN‐HTNPIO approach attains19.21%, 26.12%, and 30.15% higher accuracy compared with existing techniques likes deep learning based multidimensional radio‐frequency fingerprinting enhancement approach for IoT device identification (DL‐RFF‐DI), embedding‐assisted attentional deep learning for real‐world RF fingerprinting of Bluetooth (ADL‐RW‐RFF), and multichannel attentive feature fusion for radio‐frequency fingerprinting (MCA‐RFF). The simulation results prove that the RCS‐CCGNN‐HTNPIO can provide a robust and adaptive solution for achieving high accuracy in next‐generation radio access networks.
Ecological Momentary Assessment for Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa and Their Parents/Caregivers in Family‐Based Treatment
Authors: Singh Manya , Austin Amelia , Lindenbach David , Vander Steen Heidi , Habina Courtney , Marcoux‐Louie Gisele , Loeb Katharine L. , Engel Scott , Le Grange Daniel , Dimitropoulos Gina
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Studies have shown that early weight gain in family‐based treatment (FBT) predicts treatment response in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, research examining factors associated with early weight gain in FBT is limited. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in early FBT, particularly to capture momentary data on family climate during mealtimes.

Methods

Using multiple methods, quantitative (EMA) and qualitative (interviews) data were collected in the first 4 weeks of FBT. Participants (11 families; 9 adolescents, 19 parents/caregivers) completed EMA assessments daily on the emotional climate during meals, parental strategies and confidence/agreement in renourishment. Qualitative interviews obtained technological and procedural data using EMA. Completion rates and markers of change were explored using repeated measures ANOVA. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

The EMA completion rate for all family members was 78%: 84% for adolescents, 83% for mothers, 64% for fathers. Results demonstrated changes in caregivers' use of renourishment strategies and in the emotional climate (decreased anger) at mealtimes. No changes were observed in caregiver confidence/agreement in renourishment. Qualitative analyses revealed factors interfering with and facilitating the use of EMA.

Discussion

EMA is an acceptable and feasible tool for use with adolescents and their families in early FBT, particularly to capture momentary data on family climate during mealtimes. Future research is needed with larger sample sizes to examine the mechanisms of change in early FBT, and the utility of EMA as a clinical tool in FBT.
Stability Analysis Considering PLL Effects for Grid‐Following Inverter by Complex Vector Control
Authors: Tamari Yoshio , Kato Toshiji , Inoue Kaoru
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes the stability of a grid‐following inverter by the complex vector control in αβ domain and by the PLL synchronization control in dq domain. It is known that the frequency transfer function of the PLL may affect mutual interactions between grid and line impedances. This paper analyzes the frequency characteristics of the inverter based on the mixed‐domain control for stability by the impedance method. Considering frequency coupling effects by the PLL control, it is found that the passivity of the inverter is violated and it may become unstable for a weak grid. This result is validated by analytical derivation, simulation, and experiment.
Blood Cells Parameters in Second Trimester of Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ghasemi Vida , Banaei Mojdeh , Kiani Zahra , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Saei Ghare Naz Marzieh
Published: January 2025

Objective

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications during pregnancy. There is inconsistency between previous studies regarding the blood and inflammatory parameters levels among pregnant women and its association with GDM. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood parameters in relation to GDM.

Methods

Systematic literature searches were carried out through databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Epistemonikos, Scopus, Scientific Information Database and Magiran till May 2024. The effect size of serum blood parameters levels was determined by using standard mean deviations (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Thirty articles were included in this study. Meta‐analysis showed that compared with the control group, women with GDM had significantly higher levels of haemoglobin (0.343 [95% CI 0.134–0.553] p = 0.01, sensitivity analysis: 0.174 [95% CI 0.0343–0.315] p = 0.01), red blood cell (0.387 [95% CI 0.224–0.550] p < 0.001), mean platelet volume (0.498 [95% CI 0.165–0.831] p = 0.003), white blood cell count (0.351 [95% CI 0.0882–0.615] p = 0.009) and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (0.534 [95% CI 0.127–0.941] p = 0.01). However, women with GDM had lower levels of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (−0.249 [95% CI −0.386–−0.112] p < 0.001). Pooled results from MPV showed no association between adjusted MPV and GDM (adjusted OR 1.33 [95% CI 0.8–1.86] I2 = 57.2%).

Conclusions

Finding supports higher levels of blood parameters (Hb, RBC, WBC, NLR and MPV) among women with GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy. Future studies should investigate the potential role of these haematological markers as predictive tools for adverse pregnancy outcomes and evaluate therapeutic interventions targeting these parameters to enhance maternal and fetal health.
Short‐Term Ensemble Insolation Forecasting Method Using Parallelized NE
Authors: Kawasaki Shoji , Ishibe Koshi
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the authors propose an ensemble forecasting method using multiple individuals for short‐time‐ahead (1 h ahead) insolation forecasting by using neuroevolution (NE), in which a genetic algorithm is applied to the learning algorithm of a neural network for insolation. Although the method improves the accuracy compared to a single forecast, NE has a problem that the training time is long. In order to solve this problem, the authors propose a parallelization method of GPU processing for short‐time‐ahead forecasting and try to solve the problem by parallelizing the GPU.
Silver‐Nanowire/Graphene Stacked Transparent Electrodes and Its Application to Flexible Thin Film Photovoltaic Device
Authors: Akasaka Miho , Noguchi Masahiko , Kobayashi Taizo
Published: January 2025

In this study, silver nanowire covered with graphene (AgNW/Graphene) transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) were developed as bendable TCE instead of conventionally used indium tin oxide (ITO) for flexible photovoltaic applications. CVD‐grown graphene films were transferred from a Cu foil onto a spin‐coated AgNW TCE. AgNW/Graphene TCE exhibited lower electrical resistance than 10 Ω and high optical transmission of approximately 80% at visible wavelengths before and after bending of 20 cycles at a radius of 15 mm. Thermal tolerance of AgNW was drastically improved by protecting silver nanowires with graphene from oxidation at the 300°C air annealing test. ZnMgO/Se thin film photovoltaic devices with AgNW/graphene were successfully demonstrated by insertion of a sol‐gel ZnO buffer layer in order to protect AgNW/graphene from sputtering bombardment.
Ni‐SPO‐Al Catalyzed Stereoselective C−H Alkenylation of Quinazolinones with Alkynes to Prepare Trans‐Isomers
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Ni Qiang , Jiang Long , Cao Rihui , Qiu Liqin
Published: January 2025

A stereoselective Ni−Al bimetal‐catalyzed C−H alkenylation of quinazolinones with alkynes has been successfully developed. Good selectivity of Z‐type quinazolinone products was obtained using readily available substrates, which exhibits a trans‐configuration opposite to the conventional alkynylation reactions and improves the diversity of quinazolinone compounds. In addition, the reaction process was further explored through KIE and other control experiments, and a possible mechanism was proposed.
Exploring glycemic variability and time in range: Emerging indicators of at‐risk pregnancy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Khurana Vishwani , Nigam Aruna , De Arpita
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study compares ambulatory glycemic profile and glycemic variability between pregnant women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving pharmacotherapy and healthy pregnant women without diabetes and assesses their correlation with fetal outcome.

Method

This was a case–control study involving 60 pregnant women (40 with T2DM and 20 healthy controls) in the third trimester of pregnancy. A flash glucose monitor device was applied over the upper arm to obtain the ambulatory glucose profile. Various glycemic parameters were analyzed and correlated with fetal outcomes among the two groups.

Results

A total of 720 days of glucose data, comprising 69 120 data points, were analyzed. This included 46 080 glucose values from the T2DM group and 23 040 from the healthy control group. Mean glucose levels in the T2DM group were 23.75% higher compared to the controls. All measures of glycemic variability were significantly elevated in the T2DM group, including mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) (52.85 mg/dL vs. 35.72 mg/dL, P = 0.036) and standard deviation (22.84 mg/dL vs. 14.00 mg/dL, P = 0.029). A MAGE >55 mg/dL was associated with adverse fetal outcomes, such as large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) infants, neonatal hypoglycemia, and stillbirth. In the T2DM group, poor outcomes were also linked to a higher time above range (TAR) (13.39% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.0001). The LGA subgroup exhibited an elevated TAR (15.2%) compared to those with normal outcomes.

Conclusion

Pregnant women with T2DM exhibit higher glycemic variability compared to healthy pregnant women. A MAGE >55 mg/dL was associated with adverse fetal outcomes, and elevated TAR significantly influenced these outcomes.