bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Educational Expenditure Toward Human Resources Quality and Economic Growth: An Empirical Approach
Authors:   University of Megarezky, Antang Raya, Manggala, Makassar, Indonesia, Oktavianty Oktavianty
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the critical significance of education in improving the calibre of human resources and stimulating economic development. This paper explores diversity and intricate ways in which education contributes to economic development through the enhancement of individual capabilities, the encouragement of inventive thinking, and the advancement of the general welfare of society. The paper emphasizes the critical need for significant public funding in education as a fundamental element for long-term economic progress and the improvement of personal well-being. By synthesizing empirical evidence and research findings from multiple studies, this paper provides substantial support for the notion that educational expenditure has a crucial influence on both economic growth and the development of high-quality human resources. It analyses the various manifestations and purposes of expenditures on education, illustrating its crucial contribution to the development of human capital, the improvement of productivity, and the general well-being of society. The discourse further delves into the strategic significance of education in the formulation of policies, arguing in Favor of its prioritization as a pivotal economic policy. Effective educational investment, according to the paper, is not only crucial for providing individuals with the necessary skills for gainful employment, but also for enhancing their earning capacity and promoting the generation of social value. In summary, the paper underscores the critical role that education plays in fostering social progress and economic prosperity. It is imperative that policymakers acknowledge the enduring advantages of education and allocate resources in a manner that guarantees its continued prominence in approaches designed to attain economic and social goals.
The Effect of Psikological Stress on the Scale of Primary Dysmenorrhea during Pandemic
Authors:   Department public health Faculty of Medicine University Airlangga, Surabaya, East java, Indonesia, Sudaryanti Lestari , Mulyani Nur ,   Department of Midwifery Education Faculty of Medicine University Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Published: January 2024

During the pandemic, activities through cyberspace can be a way to get entertainment. Nevertheless, for such a long time, virtual activities have also turned into new stressors. Sources of stress are life events, chronic tension and everyday problems (Malahayati, 2019). Stress also can interfere with the work of the endocrine system, causing irregular menstruation and pain during menstruation (Martini et al., 2014)). Menstruation is often followed by pain (dysmenorrhea) due to an increase in prostaglandin F2 due to a decrease in the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Prostaglandin F2 functions to stimulate mild rhythmic contractions of the myometrium (smooth muscle layer) of the uterus. Uterine contractions that are too strong due to excessive production of prostaglandin F2 are what cause dysmenorrhea. This study aims to analyze the effect of stress on the scale of primary dysmenorrhea during the pandemic. The method of the study is a quantitative study with an observational analytic design using a cross sectional approach, namely by taking stress data and primary dysmenorrheal scale at the same time and only taking data once. The result shows that Chi-Square p value = 0.0001, so it can be concluded that there is an influence between stress on primary dysmenorrhoea in which 27.6% experienced very severe stress with severe dysmenorrhoea. However, considering the limitations of this study, the researcher hopes that further studies will be carried out regarding the factors that cause stress and primary dysmenorrhea.
Impact of Nigeria-China relations on development in Nigeria, 2010-2020
Authors: Bukar Zara Ibrahim , Arabaci Ahmet
Published: January 2024

Nigeria-China relations had a considerable influence on Nigeria's development, and the Peoples Republic of China emerged as one of Nigeria's primary commercial partners and a major source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in recent decades. To this, the relationship between the two nations has influenced Nigeria's growth in various ways, especially in the area of infrastructure development obtained through loans, investments, skills and technology transfer. China has contributed to the development of Nigeria’s infrastructure, thus, fostering economic growth in addition to influencing regional integration. Furthermore, in the energy and power sectors, Chinese firms have been involved in the construction of power plants, transmission lines, and renewable energy projects in Nigeria aimed at addressing power deficits and improving access to electricity, which is essential for industrial development and improving Nigerians' quality of life. China is one of Nigeria's top commercial partners and a substantial source of foreign direct investment (FDI). Chinese enterprises working in Nigeria have provided technology, skills, and knowledge transfer that has benefited Nigerian industries. Chinese investments in industries like telecommunications, manufacturing and agriculture have eased the transfer of technical skills while also increasing efficiency in production methods. This paper aims to illustrate the importance of bilateral trade relations as a means of change and development especially when the nations involved are in need of each other. The paper adopts qualitative approach to the study of international relations. The paper adopts dependency theory to analyze bilateral trade relation between Nigeria and China. The theory believes that trade should only be done to enhance prosperity and also argued that the principle of comparative advantage ensures everyone would profit from the interaction. The paper reveals and concludes that Nigeria-China relations have made a substantial impact on Nigeria's economic development notwithstanding some notable deficiencies that have arisen in areas of unfair labour practices amongst others
Pengaruh Kepercayaan Diri terhadap Kinerja Perwira TNI AL
Authors: Lolaria Chrisdayana , Puja Kesuma Marsitha , Erwan Syah Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Kepercayaan diri sangat penting bagi perwira TNI AL, memengaruhi keberhasilan dalam tugas militer. Minimnya penelitian tentang dampak kepercayaan diri pada    dan pengambilan keputusan perwira TNI AL menjadi motivasi penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengeksplorasi pengaruh kepercayaan diri pada pelaksanaan tugas dan    perwira TNI AL serta memberikan kontribusi pada pemahaman faktor-faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi efektivitas militer. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus dan wawancara mendalam kepada dua perwira TNI AL. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan diri berdampak signifikan pada pengambilan keputusan,    tim, dan adaptasi terhadap situasi kompleks. Perwira dengan kepercayaan diri tinggi lebih efektif menghadapi tantangan dan memiliki kemampuan komunikasi yang baik. Kesimpulan menekankan peran krusial kepercayaan diri dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri perwira TNI AL. Pengembangan sumber daya manusia militer harus memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kepercayaan diri. Implikasi praktis dan saran untuk penelitian masa depan juga dibahas dalam kesimpulan.
Comparative Study Of Conventional And Precast Methods From The Cost Side (Case Study On Batang III Industrial Worker Flats Construction Project)
Authors: Syafriandy Syafriandy
Published: January 2024

The Batang III Industrial Workers Flats Construction Project is part of the construction of the Batang integrated industrial estate, where these flats will be a residence for workers in the Batang industrial area later. In the initial design of this project used the full precast upper structure method. This method requires a fairly high implementation cost, so changes were made to the precast / precast VE implementation method. The purpose of the study was to determine the cost efficiency between the upper structure method of full precast, VE precast column multi floor, conventional and choose the type of method that is more economical as an alternative option. This type of qualitative research uses the Value engineering (VE) method, the VE method is one of the well-known methods and has a considerable potential for success in controlling costs. This technique uses an approach by analyzing its function. The process carried out is to reduce cost reduction as far as possible while still paying attention to the desired quality and reliability. The results of this study showed that in the upper structural work of the Batang III industrial worker apartment project, it was found that the initial cost of the full precast method at a cost of Rp. 6,418,779,618,-, the conventional method amounted to Rp. 7,414,918,929, - and the VE precast method multi-floor column joint CCP, precast beam, combination of precast plate and conventional plate in the wet area amounted to Rp. 5,650,987,713, -  with a cost difference of Rp. 767,791,904, - or 11.96%, it can be said that the VE precast method multi-floor joint CCP column, precast beam, combination of precast plate and conventional plate in wet areas is cheaper than the full precast method and full conventional method by considering quality results and implementation time
Performance Prediction of High-Speed Planing Craft with Interceptors Using a Variation of the Savitsky Method
Authors: Syamsundar Srikanth , Datla Raju
Published: January 2024

A prismatic hull was used to study the effect of interceptors on the performance of planing craft. Interceptors are flat surfaces that are a small geometric projection of the transom plane and cause an interruption in the water flow. This alters the pressure distribution on the hull bottom in a very dramatic manner leading to large variations in drag, running trim and heave. These parameters were measured in a model study using different interceptor penetrations, loads and center of gravity locations. An investigation of the results shows that it is possible to predict the performance parameters using Savitsky’s iteration method after accounting for the pressure induced due to the interceptor, the dynamic drag on the interceptor and variation in center of pressure. A simple approximation to the drag force and an added normal force was derived and used in conjunction with Savitsky’s iteration method. The predictions are fairly consistent with the measurements. Additionally the approximation for the added normal force was used to derive an equation for the non-dimensionalized added pitching moment.
Seakeeping of a Systematic Series of Planing Hulls
Authors: Soletic Luke
Published: January 2024

It has been almost four decades since seakeeping research on a systematic series of planing hulls has been conducted at Davidson Laboratory. Past studies have tested prismatic planing hulls, which are simplifications of real planing boat geometry. In this thesis, a seakeeping study of a systematic series of warped-bottom, USCG-designed planing hulls is presented. The models were tested in sea states 2 and 3 in spectral head seas for a range of speed and loading combinations. The primary objectives were to generate a performance database useful to designers and researchers and to compare the data to results from previously established seakeeping prediction methods. Performance trends with respect to series geometry parameters as well as model loading and speed were noted. Agreement of the experimental acceleration and added resistance data with the Savitsky / Brown prediction was found to be reasonable. It was found that the acceleration data did not match the exponential distribution using the selected time history buffering method.
T-Splines: A New Timesaving Technology for Designing Hulls with Minimal Control Points
Authors: Sederberg Matthew T. , Sederberg Thomas W.
Published: January 2024

A typical NURBS hull model involves far more control points than are needed for the design process, which needlessly complicates fairing and form finding. A relatively new surface representation called T-splines eliminates the superfluous rows and columns of control points that are unavoidable in NURBS. This paper presents methods for designing hulls using T-splines.
Tank Tests to Estimate the Onset of Dynamic Instabilities of High-Speed Planing Craft
Authors: Katayama Toru , Taniguchi Tomoki , Habara Kazuya
Published: January 2024

In 1994, a high speed towing system (the maximum speed of which is 15m/s) was developed to investigate the performance of high-speed planing craft at Osaka Prefecture University. Nowadays, the system has many experimental devices, and resistance and propulsion test, seakeeping test, maneuvering test and so on can be carried out.

In this paper, because dynamic instability is one of important performance of high speed planing craft, the experimental techniques using the above-mentioned devices and the analyzing procedures, that were developed to estimate the occurrence possibility of some dangerous motions, are explained. And some results are also shown.
The Effects of Deadrise and Deadrise Variation on Steady Planing Hull Performance
Authors: Savander Brant R. , Maki Kevin J. , Land Jan
Published: January 2024

Historically, planing surfaces have been successfully used in a wide variety of practical applications ranging from flying boats of the 1930’s to the high-speed recreational, commercial, and military craft of the modern era. Planing hull analysis technology spans a similar time frame. The pioneering works of von Karman (1929) and Wagner (1932) were motivated by military interests in flying boats. Similarly, in the United States, Davidson Laboratories conducted and enormous amount of experimental research starting largely in the World War II time frame. One of the seminal publications related to planing hull performance prediction is Savitsky (1964), based upon research conducted at Davidson Laboratories. A major motivation for the Savitsky (1964) work, was to be able to provide the naval architect with a tool to assess steady planing performance in a meaningful way during the preliminary design process. Savitsky (1964) allowed the designer to study tradeoffs between variables such as deadrise angle, , chine beam, , planing surface length, longitudinal center of gravity, vessel weight, and shaft angle.

As the 2010 Chesapeake Bay Powerboat Symposium is honoring the professional accomplishments of Dr. Daniel Savitsky, the work contained herein is motivated by the example set by Dr. Savitsky in successfully applying fundamental research findings to practical planing hull naval architecture problems.

In the spirit of Savitsky (1964), the work of Savander (1997) and Savander, et al., (2002) was motivated by the need to provide the planing hull designer with a tool to assess steady planing performance that allowed for sufficient geometric sensitivity in a computationally efficient manner. These methods are based upon application of a slender body theory approach in conjunction with an ideal flow theory formulation. Savander, et al. (2002) revealed explicit definition of general deadrise variation, B (x,z), in the formulation for dynamic lift and drag, where the horizontal plane is defined by (x,z).

The formulation presented in Savander, et al. (2002) is implemented in a numerical program identified as SEAdyn. SEAdyn is used herein to analyze the calm water resistance characteristics of a series of geometrically related planing surfaces created by systematic variation of deadrise, B (x,z), as may be used by the naval architect in the planing hull design process. The baseline hull configuration corresponds to the 70-ft planing hull (JB70) presented in Savander, et al. (2008) which was extensively tested at model scale by MARIN, and at full scale by MTU - Detroit Diesel. The performance of the hullform variants is presented and compared to model test results obtained by MARIN for the JB70. The hullform that which displayed the most favorable resistance improvement is be analyzed, as part of an ongoing effort, with the RANS solvers STAR-CCM+ and OPENFOAM. The results from model tests, SEAdyn, STAR-CCM+, and OPENFOAM are all be presented and the merits of each analysis approach discussed.
Rehabilitación ecológica del pastizal manejo superficial e incorporación de material orgánico al suelo
Authors: Sánchez C. M. , Reynaga, V. J. R. , Dueñez A. J. , López C. R. , Morones R. R.
Published: January 2024

La Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN) y en la Angostura, Saltillo, Coahuila, México, y plantea la rehabilitación ecológica a través de la aplicación de materiales orgánicos sobre el suelo e incorporado a él, de acuerdo a dos factores: prácticas de manejo y material orgánico, analizados en parcelas divididas en espacio y tiempo. Se seleccionaron los mejores tratamientos con prueba de medias en parcelas apareadas. Las variables de respuesta fueron: cobertura, propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo, peso verde y seco de gramíneas, así como simulación de lluvia. El trabajo fue definido como análisis inicial 1994 y final 1995, lo cual permitió conocer cómo el material orgánico sobre e incorporado se expresaron en un crecimiento vertical y horizontal de gramíneas y herbáceas, que sustituyen al suelo desnudo, piedras y musgos y mejoran las propiedades físico químicas del suelo.  Al simular lluvia, se determinó la concentración de sedimentos donde derivan el material mineral, el orgánico (g/lt) y la infiltrabilidad, y se detectó que existen diferencias considerables entre el testigo con respecto al resto que se le aplicó material orgánico, pero entre éstos la diferencia fue menor, lo que significa que todo movimiento sobre e incorporado al suelo en su momento, es magnífico. Cada tratamiento se apoyó en el inicio del escurrimiento, que se refiere al tiempo en minutos que tarda el agua en correr dentro de la parcela hacia el tubo de succión, y en los testigos el escurrimiento inició en pocos segundos.
Genotipos de maíz tolerantes a salinidad; un estudio preliminar para iniciar un programa de pelección
Authors: Musito-Ramírez Noé , Vega-Sánchez María Cristina , Rodríguez-Valdés José Guadalupe , Padrón-Corral Emilio
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar genotipos de maíz tolerantes a salinidad mediante la evaluación en campo y laboratorio. La experimentación en campo se realizó durante el ciclo Primavera-Verano de 2002, en Navidad, Nuevo León, bajo condiciones de riego. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar, en los cuales se evaluaron las variables: rendimiento de grano, altura de planta y mazorca, días a floración femenina y masculina, en 14 genotipos. En una de las repeticiones, se procedió a tomar muestras foliares en el momento de aparición de la hoja bandera, con propósito de determinar contenidos de minerales. En el laboratorio se evaluó la longitud de la radícula y la plántula de sólo 13 genotipos (sin el genotipo ocho), en cinco niveles de salinidad (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 decisiemens), bajo un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial. Los análisis de varianza para genotipos en campo mostraron diferencias (p<.01), y la prueba DMS (α=0.01) para rendimiento consideró a los genotipos 1 y 2 como estadísticamente iguales, con rendimientos promedio de 6964.3 y 6619.5 kg ha-1 , pero superiores al testigo AN-447 (5996.3 kg ha-1). El análisis foliar mostró, que los niveles de N, P y Kfueron bajos, caso contrario en cuanto a Ca, Mg y S, lo cual significa que estos últimos se encuentran en el suelo en gran cantidad y propician su salinidad, lo que causa una deficiente absorción de los primeros.
Gelibolu Hava Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Aydın Müge , Menteşe Sibel
Published: January 2024

Çanakkale’nin Gelibolu ilçesinde hava kalitesi düzeylerinin belirlenmesine yönelik herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Buna karşın, konumu itibariyle özellikle Gelibolu feribot iskelesi çevresindeki karayolunda ve Çanakkale Boğaz hattında deniz trafiği hava kirletici potansiyeli olan önemli kaynaklardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; özellikle trafik kaynaklı hava kirliliğinin göstergelerinden olan uçucu organik bileşik (UOB) düzeylerinin Gelibolu’da farklı örnekleme noktalarında mekânsal ve zamansal olarak belirlenmesidir. İlaveten, Gelibolu’da hava kalitesi izleme istasyonu bulunmaması nedeniyle, en yakınındaki Çanakkale-Merkez ve Lapseki istasyonlarında ölçülen hava kirletici düzeyleri ile meteorolojik parametrelerin arasındaki ilişkiler de araştırılmıştır. Gelbolu’da trafik yoğunluğuna göre belirlenen 7 örnekleme noktasından Haziran – Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında pasif örnekleme tekniği ile UOB örnekleri toplanmıştır. UOBler arasında hedef türler benzen, toluen ve ksilenler (BTX) ile toplam uçucu organik bileşiklerdir (TUOB). Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, trafik yüküne paralel olarak UOB düzeyleri çalışma boyunca mekânsal ve mevsimsel olarak değişmiştir. Özellikle ülke genelinde uygulanan COVID19 kısıtlamalarının ardından yeniden açılmalar ile birlikte trafikteki araç sayısında ve gemi/feribot seferlerinin sıklığında kademeli olarak artış olmuştur. TUOB seviyeleri çalışmanın başlangıcında 43,21 μg/m3’ten 97,81 μg/m3 seviyesine yükselmiştir. Aynı artış eğilimi benzen, toluen ve ksilenler için de gözlenmiştir. Çalışma süresince ortalama değer olarak hava sıcaklığı 23,3°C, bağıl nem %70 ve rüzgar hızı 4,5 m/s olmuştur. Çalışma genelinde en yüksek TUOB düzeyi feribot kullanan araçların çevre yoluna çıkan ve feribot iskelesine giden yol hattı üzerindeki G6 noktasında 99,9 μg/m3 mertebesinde ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, çalışma boyunca Gelibolu’ya en yakın lokasyondaki iki hava kalitesi izleme istasyonunda ölçülen NO2 seviyeleri ile UOB seviyeleri arasında bulunan pozitif anlamlı ilişki, ortak kaynak(lar)dan salınmış olabileceklerine işaret etmektedir (p
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH LATIHAN LUNGES DAN LATIHAN RESISTANCE BAND LEG PRESS TERHADAP KEKUATAN OTOT TUNGKAI PADA ANGGOTA SILAT DI SMPN 4 BEKASI
Authors: Hurrina Nurul Zakhro , Kurniawati Nia , Andreas H Andy Martahan
Published: January 2024

Background: The strength of the limb muscles is one of the factors that determine the quality of the technique in the pencak silat, such as punching, blowing, kicking. The lunges exercise and the resistance band leg press exercise are exercises to increase the strength of the lower limb muscles. Objective:Is there a difference in influence between lunges exercise and resistancebandlegpressexercisetoimprovingthelowerlimbmusclesstrengthonthemember of the pencak silat in the 4 Junior High School of Bekasi. Method: This research is quasi- experimental with the design of research two groups pre-test and post-test. The samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique of 14 people divided into two groups with a total sample of 28 people. Group 1 lunges exercise, in group 2 resistance band leg press exercise, each of the exercise given for 6 weeks with a frequency of 3 times a week, measurement using leg dynamometer. Results: The results of the paired samples t testshowed thatlungesexerciseandresistancebandlegpressexercisecanaffectthestrengthofthelower limb muscles. There is no difference between the effects of the lunges exercise and resistance band leg press exercise of the lower limb muscles strength. Conclusion: Based on the differencevalues,theresistancebandlegpressexercisegrouphadabettereffectonthelower limb muscles strength than lungesexercise.

Keywords:Lower Limb Muscle Strength, Lunges Exercise, Resistance Band Leg Press Exercise, Leg Dynamometer
Le questionnement spirituel de l’Africain en contexte de soins et d’interculturalité
Authors:   Université Catholique du Congo, YUMBA WA KUMWENDA François
Published: January 2024

Résumé La culture et la croyance jouent un rôle indéniable non seulement dans la perception de la maladie et de soins de santé, mais aussi dans la relation soignant-soigné. Partant du vécu des patients africains en contexte d’interculturalité, tirant ses arguments dans l’anthropologie africaine et chrétienne, l’auteur invite à la prise en compte du questionnement spirituel de la personne malade, en vue de l’amélioration de l’alliance thérapeutique et de l’accompagnement. Scrutant la spiritualité comme intériorité vitale, l’auteur distingue trois niveaux du questionnement spirituel du patient : ontologique, cosmique et religieux.
Current State Of Knowledge On The Orchids Of Sarawak's Peat Swamps
Authors:   University Malaysia Sarawak, Stephen Magdalina , Abd Mutalib Almunah , Kalu Meekiong , Alia Nordin Farah , Razali Haniza , Musa Haziah , Raffi Akmal
Published: January 2024

Sarawak’s peat swamp orchids are considered to be understudied, as most of the related research are favoured to the orchid species from mixed dipterocarp forests. Furthermore, distruptions of their natural habitat caused by various anthropogenic activities have made the orchid assessment studies, especially on the inventory and diversity, to be difficult. Consequently, it widens the knowledge gaps of the orchids’ natural history, current conservation status and their future in the peat swamp areas. Therefore, this inventory was conducted to compile and propose a provisional checklist of orchids distributed in the peat swamps of Sarawak. In total, 52 species from 26 genera of orchids were successfully compiled from the peat swamp areas located at lowlands and coastal plains of Betong, Bintulu, Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Limbang, Miri, Mukah, Sarikei, Sibu and Sri Aman districts. From the account, 10 species are endemic to Borneo. Current conservation status of the recorded species was assessed, and the significant roles of peat swamp areas as orchids natural habitat were further discussed. This compilation provides a glimpse on the current state of knowledge on the peat swamp orchids of Sarawak, thus serves as evidence to preserve the areas in their pristine conditions.
Challenges Facing Teenage Mothers Re-Entry into Secondary Schools in Tanzania: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study
Authors: Mgunda Tumaini Paulo , Kano Erasto , Sungwa Reuben
Published: January 2024

This article discusses short-term developmental faculty coaching, which can be categorized as ongoing and personal professional development. This coaching is distinct from faculty evaluation. The developmental faculty coaching protocol discussed here is a novel one developed by the author. It was developed through direct observation of over 400 in-person and online classes of over 100 new and returning adjunct faculty at a small higher education institution in New York State, USA. The protocol was generally used with new faculty, who know an academic area, but they lack training in andragogy and have had no or little experience teaching university students. A pre-observation, during-observation, and post-observation protocol is outlined for the faculty coach and the instructor being coached. It is suggested that developmental faculty coaching be made available to all new higher education instructors and to those more experienced instructors who request it. Recommendations for future study include collecting data on individual instructors or a cohort of new instructors through quantitative and/or qualitative research, which would yield insights into how new instructors grow into excellent classroom teachers at the university level.
Learning Assessment in Noncredit Continuing Education
Authors: Stitt-Bergh Monica , Hirata Dorothy , von Doetinchem Sandra
Published: January 2024

While program- and institution-level learning assessment in higher education has received substantial attention, much less emphasis has been placed on the assessment of learning in noncredit continuing education in higher education institutions. Learning assessment is sparse in this area because these learning experiences may be shorter in duration than credit courses, are commonly taught by field experts, and there are limits to the time and resources the higher education institution or other provider invests in conducting learning outcome assessment. This paper describes assessment recommendations in the noncredit continuing education space, with concrete examples in three areas: learning outcome statements, surveys with learning outcome-focused questions, and direct assessment of learning.
Association of Severity and Type of Pain with Urolithiasis in Adults: A Computed Tomography Urographic Study
Authors: Ali Babar
Published: January 2024

Background: Urolithiasis, a prevalent urological condition, especially in areas with warm and dry climates, poses significant healthcare challenges. In Pakistan, part of the "stone-forming belt," the incidence of urolithiasis is consistent with global prevalence rates. Understanding the demographic and clinical presentation patterns is essential for improving diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic urolithiasis in adult patients and to evaluate the efficacy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in detecting urinary tract stones and associated abnormalities.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over four months at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital's Radiology Department. A total of 112 adult patients aged between 18 to 70 years with symptoms indicative of urinary tract abnormalities were included using a convenience sampling technique. Siemens 64-slice MDCT was employed for diagnosis. The chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test were utilized for statistical analysis to assess the association between urolithiasis and clinical symptoms, with p-values less than 0.05 considered significant.
Results: Out of 112 patients, the prevalence of asymptomatic stones was 2.8%. Bladder stones were identified in 16 patients (14.3%) with a size range of 3-12 mm (mean 7.5 mm, S/D ratio 2.6). Ureteric stones were found in a subset of patients, with sizes ranging from 6-28 mm (mean 13.8 mm, S/D ratio 4.1). The prevalence of hydronephrosis was 39.9% for the left kidney, 26.1% for the right kidney, and 10.9% for bilateral presentation. Non-stone-related findings requiring treatment were identified in 14% of patients undergoing MDCT for renal colic.
Conclusion: The study confirmed the prevalence of urolithiasis within the expected range for a high-risk geographic area. MDCT urography proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool in detecting not only urolithiasis but also other significant renal tract abnormalities. The results indicate a need for improved public health strategies, particularly for the at-risk older adult population.
Comparison of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Immunochromatographic Strip for Screening of Hepatitis B virus Surface Antigen (Hbsag) and Hepatitis C Virus (Anti HCV) Related in a Low Resource Setting
Authors: Javed Iffat , Aftab Hafiza Tooba , Waseem Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad , Rehman Fatima , Javed Fatima
Published: January 2024

Background: Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are major causes of liver disease worldwide, with significant prevalence in low-resource settings. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and control of these infections. This study compares the efficacy of immunochromatographic tests (ICT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the screening of HBV and HCV.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ICT in comparison with ELISA for the detection of HBsAg and anti-HCV in a semi-urban, low-resource setting.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 951 blood samples were collected from patients at a tertiary care hospital on the outskirts of Lahore. Samples were tested for HBsAg and anti-HCV using the rapid ICT method (Abbott Bioline HBsAg WB and Abbott Bioline HCV). Positive results were confirmed using ELISA (ANTEC Diagnostic Products, UK). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, focusing on the comparison of sensitivity, specificity, and overall concordance between the two testing methods.
Results: Out of 951 individuals tested, the ICT method identified 71 positive cases (7.4%), with 11 (1.2%) for HBsAg and 60 (6.3%) for anti-HCV. ELISA confirmed all 71 positive cases identified by ICT, indicating high concordance between the two methods. The gender distribution was 434 males (45.6%) and 517 females (54.4%), with the majority in the 21-40 year age group (52.2%).
Conclusion: ICT is a reliable and cost-effective screening tool for HBsAg and anti-HCV in low-resource settings, with results highly comparable to those obtained from ELISA. Its application could significantly aid in the early detection and management of hepatitis in areas where access to more sophisticated diagnostic facilities is limited.
Identification of Factors Affecting the Satisfaction of Students with Public Sector Medical Colleges: A Survey Based Study
Authors: Haris Sobia , Haris Muhammad , Deeba Farah , Farman Aleena , Khan Muhammad Jehangir
Published: January 2024

Background: This study explores the factors influencing student satisfaction in public sector medical colleges, emphasizing the impact of various educational aspects on the overall experience of students.
Objective: To examine the determinants of student satisfaction in public sector medical colleges, with a focus on infrastructure, quality of instructional materials, and clinical and practical training exposure.
Methods: A survey-based primary data collection was utilized, with a sample size of 100 students from public sector medical colleges. The survey included questions targeting different aspects of the educational experience. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation and regression among the variables.
Results: The correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between all examined variables and student satisfaction. Infrastructure and facilities emerged as the most influential factors, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.957 (p < 0.001). Student satisfaction with practical training and clinical exposure had a correlation of 0.608 (p < 0.001), and the quality of teaching and learning materials was correlated at 0.475 (p < 0.001). The regression analysis yielded an R-squared value of 0.917, indicating a strong positive correlation between these factors and student satisfaction.
Conclusion: The study concludes that while several factors contribute to student satisfaction in public sector medical colleges, infrastructure and facilities, along with quality instructional materials and clinical exposure, are key drivers. Enhancing these areas could lead to a more positive educational experience for students.
Comparison of Satisfaction of Students in Public and Private Sector Colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Haris Sobia , Haris Muhammad , Lajber Mehreen , Bilal Nazish , Deeba Farah , Khan Muhammad Jehangir
Published: January 2024

Background: Student satisfaction in educational institutions is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors. In Pakistan, the distinction between public and private sector education provides a unique context to study these factors. Understanding these elements is crucial for improving educational standards and student experiences in these sectors.
Objective: This study aims to compare and analyze the factors affecting student satisfaction in public and private sector colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It seeks to identify key determinants of student satisfaction and challenges faced by students in these educational settings.
Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing structured interviews as the primary data collection method. Eight students from both public and private sector universities in Pakistan were interviewed. The interviews comprised five targeted questions designed to explore factors influencing student satisfaction. Thematic analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts to identify recurring themes and patterns. The data were assessed using SPSS version 25 to provide a nuanced understanding of these themes.
Results: The study revealed that student satisfaction in both sectors is influenced by the quality of teaching, availability of resources, cleanliness, and access to technologically advanced equipment. Key challenges identified include economic constraints, teaching methods, lack of technological resources, and political influence in educational settings. The thematic analysis indicated that improving teaching quality, resource allocation, and infrastructure are vital for enhancing student satisfaction.
Conclusion: The study concludes that student satisfaction in Pakistani educational institutions is contingent on a variety of factors, with significant differences observed between public and private sectors. It highlights the need for targeted improvements in teaching methods, resource provision, and infrastructure development. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and educational administrators in Pakistan to enhance the quality of education and student experiences.
Manfaat Penetapan Skala Risiko Terhadap Kualitas Perencanaan Perangkat Daerah di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: RAHMAWATI SANTI
Published: January 2024

Instansi pemerintah kini tidak hanya dituntut memberikan pelayanan terbaik saja namun dapat dipertanggungjawabkan yang terukur dalam akuntabilitas kinerja. Sehubungan dengan itu manajemen risiko dalam hal ini identifikasi risiko memainkan peranan penting dalam sistem pengendalian internal pemerintah yang memiliki manfaat untuk memperbaiki kualitas perencanaan perangkat daerah. Kualitas perencanaan dapat dilihat dari Nilai SAKIP (Sistem Akuntabilitas Kinerja Pemerintah) karena merupakan komponen terbesar dalam poin penilaian SAKIP (Sistem Akuntabilitas Kinerja Pemerintah)  perangkat daerah. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui optimalisasi penetapan skala risiko dalam perencanaan perangkat daerah. Penelitian ini memakai metode analisis kualitatif dengan kajian literatur dengan analisis data naratif dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya dan peraturan perundang – undangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perangkat daerah yang menetapkan skala risiko dari sedang/moderat ke kecil/rendah akan memiliki nilai SAKIP (Sistem Akuntabilitas Kinerja Pemerintah) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan perangkat daerah yang menetapkan skala risiko dari moderat/sedang ke tinggi/besar.
Comparison of different species identification methods for bacterial HAIs pathogens: biochemical identification, MALDI-TOF, and 16S rRNA
Authors: Korniychuk O. , Sekovska A. , Konechnyi Yu. T.
Published: January 2024

This article investigates the effectiveness and comparative accuracy of three microbial identification methods: biochemical identification, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF), and 16S rRNA. In total, 309 microbial isolates, representing 54 different species, were analyzed. The results indicated that each method has its own advantages and limitations, but all are capable of providing accurate and reliable identification results, although MALDI-TOF was the fastest, and biochemical identification was the most prevalent.
Educação e proteção. A articulação das escolas com as comissões de proteção de crianças e jovens
Authors: Delgado Paulo , Coelho Carina , Carvalho João M. S. , Duarte Pedro , Moreira Ana Isabel
Published: January 2024

A aprendizagem e exercício da cidadania é uma exigência ética que se coloca aos centros educativos, no âmbito da sua responsabilidade social e que só é garantida quando todos os alunos pertencem e podem participar na comunidade educativa. Os alunos abrangidos pelos processos de proteção têm mais problemas com o comportamento e o desempenho académico, abandono escolar e menor sucesso escolar e exigem, por isso, uma resposta diferenciada. A intervenção das Comissões de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens (CPCJ) e dos Agrupamentos de Escolas (AE) junto das crianças em situações de perigo pretende assegurar a inclusão e o bem-estar deste grupo particularmente vulnerável. A intervenção compete, numa primeira linha, às entidades com competência em matéria de infância e juventude, como é o caso dos AE. As CPCJ correspondem a uma segunda linha de intervenção especializada que antecede a intervenção de terceiro nível dos tribunais. A finalidade central deste estudo é caracterizar a articulação entre as CPCJ e os AE e analisar as ações decorrentes desta parceria. Este artigo analisa os dados recolhidos em entrevistas exploratórias com uma amostra de quatro pares de CPCJ e AE, em quatro concelhos do distrito do Porto, de carizurbano e semiurbano. Esta análise estará na base da preparação de inquéritos por questionário, que serão aplicados a nível nacional a todas as CPCJ e AE. Entre os principais resultados destacam-se as dificuldades de comunicação provocadas pela burocracia, pela necessidade de maior contacto presencial e pela ausência de feedback sobre os processos por parte das CPCJ; o trabalho em equipa e a prontidão de resposta das CPCJ aos pedidos dos AE; a escassez de técnicos nas CPCJ e de profissionais da área social nos AE; a relevância do envolvimento da comunidade na resposta coletiva, com tudo o que implica em termos de convivência e de inclusão.
Is Subclassification by Number of Fracture Fragments Necessary for Sanders Type IV Calcaneal Fractures?
Authors: Kim Dong-Hee , Kim Jhee-Yun , Lee Kwang-Bok
Published: January 2024

Background: The Sanders classification is a widely used method for classifying calcaneal fractures. Type IV fractures (>4 fragments) are known to vary in the number of fracture fragments. However, all relevant cases are classified as type IV irrespective of the number of fragments. We investigated the need for evaluation of postoperative prognoses based on radiologic factors and subtypes of Sanders classification type IV fractures.

Methods: Fifty-six Sanders type IV calcaneal fractures were enrolled between 2010 and 2018. Patients were divided into two groups according to the number of fragments: four fragments (group 1) and more than four fragments (group 2). Radiologic evaluation was performed using a postoperative recovery percentage calculated from postoperative reduction of the Böhler angle, Gissane angle, and vertical height. Radiologic evaluation was divided into two groups according to postoperative recovery: good and bad recovery groups. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and visual analog scale (VAS) score were used for clinical outcome evaluation.

Results: There was no significant difference in AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score (P = .909) or VAS score (P = .963) between groups 1 and 2. However, there was a significant (P = .001) difference in AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score or VAS score between good and bad recovery groups.

Conclusions: Clinical results of Sanders type IV fractures were not related to the number of bone fragments but to the degree of injury to the Böhler angle, Gissane angle, and vertical height. Therefore, subtype classification of type IV calcaneal fractures is superfluous, and it is important to try to restore these parameters during surgery.
Clinicopathologic Characterization of Kaposi Sarcoma on the Foot and Ankle: Analysis of 11 Patients Seen in Our Clinics
Authors: Hao Xingpei , Rubenstein Seth , Yim Joon , Robles-Sherman Erin , Firestone Lee , Bannerjee Alvin , Vieweger David , Daughtry Elizabeth , Le Michelle , Mirkin Gene
Published: January 2024

Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) has multiple clinical variants, and most frequently presents on the lower extremities. Anti–human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy has significantly reduced the incidence of KS. However, KS is still prevalent in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. This case series analysis aims to reveal the clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, and treatment options of KS on the foot and ankle.

Methods: Eleven cases of KS involving the foot and ankle were retrieved from our patient database, and their clinicopathologic features were analyzed.

Results: All patients were men, aged 29 to 85 years. Two types of KS were found: classic and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–associated epidemic. The average ages of classic and epidemic KS were 65.7 and 41.8 years, respectively. Clinically, three patients manifested multiple erythematous or deep violaceous, or blue-violaceous macules on either the dorsal or plantar surfaces of both feet. Eight patients showed exophytic, pyogenic granuloma-like nodules on the plantar surface, heels, and toes. Histologically, all KSs had uniform intervening fascicles of elongated spindle cells with slit-like vascular spaces filled with red blood cells and immunoreactivity with human herpesvirus-8. The patients were treated according to HIV infection status. Human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients were treated with anti-HIV therapy after primary surgical excision or biopsy. Human immunodeficiency virus–negative patients were treated with either surgical excision, Mohs surgery, or a combination of surgical excision and local radiotherapy according to individual patient clinical presentation.

Conclusions: Kaposi sarcoma is still prevalent in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with a variety of clinical presentations. Biopsy, with histologic evaluation, in combination with immunohistochemistry is essential for the differential diagnosis. The patient should be treated according their clinical manifestation, staging, comorbidity, and immune function.
Disease Knowledge and Behavior Regarding the Diabetic Foot in Persons at Different Risks for Foot Ulceration According to the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot Guidelines
Authors: García-Madrid Marta , López-Moral Mateo , Tardáguila-García Aroa , Molines-Barroso Raúl J. , García-Álvarez Yolanda , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis
Published: January 2024

Background: We aimed to analyze levels of knowledge and behavior regarding diabetic foot care and prevention in persons with diabetes according to the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) risk stratification system.

Methods: This descriptive study included 83 persons with diabetes at different risk levels for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) (IWGDF risk 0–3). The previously validated Patient Interpretation of Neuropathy questionnaire was used to analyze their levels of understanding of foot complications. Participants responded using a 5-point Likert scale.

Results: Patients with IWGDF risk 3 knew that good circulation and absence of polyneuropathy in their feet were related to healthy feet relative to the other groups. In addition, they knew that a DFU is not painful relative to the other groups. High-risk patients knew which physical causes could affect the development of a DFU and that foot self-care and medical control could prevent DFU.

Conclusions: Patients with IWGDF risk 3 knew the natural progression of diabetic foot complications and how to prevent them. Clinicians should focus their efforts on educating patients with diabetes who are at lower risk for DFU.