bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production and transport mechanisms of NO in observations and models
Authors: Hendrickx Koen , Megner Linda , Marsh Daniel R. , Smith-Johnsen Christine
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A reservoir of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the lower thermosphere efficiently cools the atmosphere after periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. Transport from this reservoir to the stratosphere within the winter polar vortex allows NO to deplete ozone levels and thereby affect the middle atmospheric heat budget. As more climate models resolve the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region, the need for an improved representation of NO related processes increases. This work presents a detailed comparison of NO in the Antarctic MLT region between observations made by the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) instrument onboard the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite and simulations performed by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with Specified Dynamics (SD-WACCM). We investigate 7 years of SOFIE observations and focus on the Southern hemisphere, rather than on dynamical variability in the Northern hemisphere or a specific geomagnetic perturbed event. The morphology of the simulated NO is in agreement with observations though the long term mean is too high and the short term variability is too low. Number densities are more similar during winter, though the altitude of peak densities, which reaches between 102–106 km in WACCM and between 98–104 km in SOFIE, is most separated during winter. Using multiple linear regressions and superposed epoch analyses we investigate how well the NO production and transport are represented in the model. The impact of geomagnetic activity is shown to drive NO variations in the lower thermosphere similarly across both datasets. The dynamical transport from the lower thermosphere into the mesosphere during polar winter is found to agree very well, with a descent rate of about 2.2 km/day in the 80–110 km region in both datasets. The downward transported NO fluxes are however too low in WACCM, which is likely due to medium energy electrons and D-region chemistry that are not represented in the model.
The underestimated role of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport on tropospheric ozone
Authors: Trickl Thomas , Vogelmann Hannes , Ries Ludwig , Scheel Hans-Eckhart , Sprenger Michael
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The atmospheric composition is strongly influenced by changing atmospheric dynamics, in potential relation to climate change. A prominent example is the doubling of the stratospheric ozone component at the summit station Zugspitze (2962 m a.s.l., Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany) between the mid-seventies and 2005, roughly from 11 ppb to 23 ppb (43 %). Systematic efforts for identifying and quantifying this influence have been made since the late 1990s. Meanwhile, routine lidar measurements of ozone and water vapour carried out since 2007, combined with in-situ and radiosonde data and trajectory calculations, have revealed the presence of stratospheric intrusion layers on 84 % of the yearly measurement days. The seasonal cycle for deep intrusions with a pronounced summer minimum seen at Alpine summit stations disappears if one looks at the entire free troposphere. The seasonal cycle previously obtained for the Zugspitze summit is rather well reproduced by the lidar data. The mid- and upper-tropospheric intrusion layers seem to be dominated by very long downward transport up to a full tour around the northern hemisphere in an altitude range starting at about 4.5 km a.s.l. Unless there is a strong perturbation, these layers remain considerably dry, typically with RH ≤ 5 % at the centre of the intrusion. It is interesting to note that, in recent years, most pronounced ozone maxima have been related to a stratospheric origin rather than to long-range transport from remote boundary layers. This fact could be caused by improving air quality in the most relevant source regions or changing transport patterns.
Long-term trends in stratospheric ozone, temperature, and water vapor over the Indian region
Authors: Akhil Raj Sivan Thankamani , Venkat Ratnam Madineni , Narayana Rao Daggumati , Krishna Murthy Boddam Venkata
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We have investigated the long-term trends in and variabilities of
stratospheric ozone, water vapor and temperature over the Indian monsoon
region using the long-term data constructed from multi-satellite (Upper
Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS MLS and HALOE, 1993–2005), Aura
Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS, 2004–2015), Sounding of the Atmosphere using
Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER, 2002–2015) on board TIMED
(Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics)) observations
covering the period 1993–2015. We have selected two locations, namely,
Trivandrum (8.4∘ N, 76.9∘ E) and New Delhi (28∘ N,
77∘ E), covering northern and southern parts of the Indian region.
We also used observations from another station, Gadanki (13.5∘ N,
79.2∘ E), for comparison. A decreasing trend in ozone associated
with NOx chemistry in the tropical middle stratosphere is found, and the
trend turned to positive in the upper stratosphere. Temperature shows a
cooling trend in the stratosphere, with a maximum around 37 km over
Trivandrum (−1.71 ± 0.49 K decade−1) and New Delhi
(−1.15 ± 0.55 K decade−1). The observed cooling trend in the
stratosphere over Trivandrum and New Delhi is consistent with Gadanki lidar
observations during 1998–2011. The water vapor shows a decreasing trend in
the lower stratosphere and an increasing trend in the middle and upper
stratosphere. A good correlation between N2O and O3 is found in the
middle stratosphere (∼ 10 hPa) and poor correlation in the lower
stratosphere. There is not much regional difference in the water vapor and
temperature trends. However, upper stratospheric ozone trends over Trivandrum
and New Delhi are different. The trend analysis carried out by varying the
initial year has shown significant changes in the estimated
trend. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere – composition and chemistry; troposphere – composition and chemistry) – meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology)
Depth of origin of ocean-circulation-induced magnetic signals
Authors: Irrgang Christopher , Saynisch-Wagner Jan , Thomas Maik
Published: January 2018

Abstract. As the world ocean moves through the ambient geomagnetic core
field, electric currents are generated in the entire ocean basin. These
oceanic electric currents induce weak magnetic signals that are principally
observable outside of the ocean and allow inferences about large-scale
oceanic transports of water, heat, and salinity. The ocean-induced magnetic
field is an integral quantity and, to first order, it is proportional to
depth-integrated and conductivity-weighted ocean currents. However, the
specific contribution of oceanic transports at different depths to the
motional induction process remains unclear and is examined in this study. We
show that large-scale motional induction due to the general ocean circulation
is dominantly generated by ocean currents in the upper 2000 m of the ocean
basin. In particular, our findings allow relating regional patterns of the
oceanic magnetic field to corresponding oceanic transports at different
depths. Ocean currents below 3000 m, in contrast, only contribute a small
fraction to the ocean-induced magnetic signal strength with values up to
0.2 nT at sea surface and less than 0.1 nT at the Swarm satellite altitude.
Thereby, potential satellite observations of ocean-circulation-induced
magnetic signals are found to be likely insensitive to deep ocean currents.
Furthermore, it is shown that annual temporal variations of the ocean-induced
magnetic field in the region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current contain
information about sub-surface ocean currents below 1000 m with intra-annual
periods. Specifically, ocean currents with sub-monthly periods dominate the
annual temporal variability of the ocean-induced magnetic field. Keywords. Electromagnetics (numerical methods) – geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (geomagnetic induction) – history of geophysics (transport)
Upscaled diurnal cycles of land-atmosphere fluxes: a new global
half-hourly data product
Authors: Bodesheim Paul , Jung Martin , Gans Fabian , Mahecha Miguel D. , Reichstein Markus
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere can be well characterized by fluxes between the two. In particular, carbon and energy fluxes play a major role for understanding biogeochemical processes on ecosystem level or global scale. However, the fluxes can only be measured at individual sites by eddy covariance towers and an upscaling of these local observations is required to analyze global patterns. Previous work focused on upscaling monthly, eight-day, or daily average values and global maps for each flux have been provided accordingly. In this paper, we raise the upscaling of carbon and energy fluxes between land and atmosphere to the next level by increasing the temporal resolution to subdaily scales. We provide continuous half-hourly fluxes for the period from 2001 to 2014 at 0.5◦ spatial resolution, which allows for analyzing diurnal cycles globally. The dataset contains four fluxes: gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent heat (LE), and sensible heat (H). We propose two prediction approaches for the diurnal cycles based on large-scale regression models and compare them in extensive cross-validation experiments using different sets of predictor variables. We analyze the results for a set of FLUXNET tower sites showing the suitability of our approaches for this upscaling task. Finally, we have selected one approach to calculate the global half- hourly data products based on predictor variables from remote sensing and meteorology at daily resolution as well as half-hourly potential radiation. In addition, we provide a derived product that only contains monthly average diurnal cycles, which is a lightweight version in terms of data storage that still enables to study the important characteristics of diurnal courses globally. We recommend to primarily use these monthly average diurnal cycles, because they are less affected by the impacts of day-to-day variation, observation noise, and short- term fluctuations on subdaily scales compared to the plain half-hourly flux products. The global half-hourly data products are available at https://doi.org/10.17871/BACI.224.
Rapid Assessment of Damaged Homes in the Florida Keys after Hurricane Irma
Authors: Xian Siyuan , Feng Kairui , Lin Ning , Marsooli Reza , Chavas Dan , Chen Jie , Hatzikyriakou Adam
Published: January 2018

Abstract. On September 10, 2017, Hurricane Irma made landfall in the Florida Keys and caused significant damage. Informed by hydrodynamic storm surge and wave modeling and post-storm satellite imagery, a rapid damage survey was soon conducted for 1600+ residential buildings in Big Pine Key and Marathon. Damage categorizations and statistical analysis reveal distinct factors governing damage at these two locations. The distance from the coast is significant for the damage in Big Pine Key, as severely damaged buildings were located near narrow waterways connected to the ocean. Building type and size are critical in Marathon, highlighted by the near-complete destruction of trailer communities there. These observations raise issues of affordability and equity that need consideration in damage recovery and rebuilding for resilience.
Novos rumos da preservação digital: das estratégias aos sistemas informatizados
Authors: Santos Henrique Machado dos , Flores Daniel
Published: January 2018

Objetivo. Este estudo realiza uma breve reflexão sobre a preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais, destacando a relação entre as políticas institucionais, as estratégias de preservação digital, e os sistemas informatizados de gestão e preservação.Método. Consiste no levantamento bibliográfico de materiais previamente publicados das áreas de Arquivologia e Ciência da informação, resultando em um artigo de revisão assistemática. As fontes consultadas consistem em livros, teses, textos em sites da internet e artigos científicos de periódicos indexados no Google Scholar, com um recorte temporal referente aos últimos vinte anos.Resultados. A literatura pesquisada conduz a necessidade de se definir, previamente, as políticas de preservação digital, e após, implementaros sistemas informatizados para gestão e preservação, mantendo altos níveis de interoperabilidade. Além disto, salienta-se a questão de manter uma cadeia de custódia ininterrupta que contemple as três idades do ciclo de vida dos documentos.Conclusões. Este estudo sintetiza aspectos de um sistema de preservação digital gerido basicamente em duas etapas distintas, porém interoperáveis. Desta forma, reforça as discussões sobre a cadeia de custódia documental e interoperabilidade entre as normas, os sistemas informatizados e os demais softwares utilizados no acervo.
Experiencia en la preparación de investigadores como autores y revisores de artículos científicos
Authors: Asencio Cabot Esperanza , Ibarra López Nilda
Published: January 2018

El artículo aborda la experiencia desarrollada en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Cuba, con el objetivo de diseñar e implementar un entrenamiento de posgrado para contribuir a la elevación de la preparación de investigadores experimentados y líderes científicos en el área de las Ciencias Pedagógicas en la elaboración y revisión de artículos en revistas educativas de impacto internacional. Se insiste en la importancia actual del tema tratado y se analiza el diseño metodológico de la experiencia, así como la caracterización del programa y la implementación de actividades docentes. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos y se destaca la medición de los indicadores a partir del desempeño de las personas entrenadas en el rol de autor y en el rol de revisor, lo que permitió el análisis por personas entrenadas y por indicadores, considerando también los datos cualitativos recogidos durante el proceso. En general, se demostraron discretos avances en los personas entrenadas con relación a la elaboración y revisión de artículos, ya que aún se manifiestan limitaciones; sin embargo, se reconoce la influencia que tuvo el entrenamiento en la toma de conciencia de los participantes acerca de la necesidad de elevar el rigor y la calidad en las producciones derivadas de los resultados de las investigaciones para alcanzar la publicación de sus trabajos en revistas reconocidas por la comunidad científica.
Leveling the Playing Field: An Interprofessional Rural Preceptorship Pilot for Students of Nursing and Medicine
Authors: Jackman Deirdre , Yonge Olive , Myrick Florence , Janke Fred , Konkin Jill
Published: January 2018

Despite the ubiquity of interprofessional education (IPE) in the health sciences, cultural barriers to collaboration and socialization across disciplines are pervasive and persistent. The Interprofessional Rural Preceptorship Pilot (IPRPP) was implemented over 18 months between 2014 and 2015, to deliver mutual, practice-based, collaborative experiences to students of nursing and medicine, and to capitalize on the multidisciplinary team ethos of rural settings in socializing these students into an interprofessional culture. Students; precepting nurses and physicians; unit managers; and faculty supplied qualitative research data through semistructured interviews and focus groups, to help determine the effectiveness of the IPRPP in achieving its ends. Thematic analysis of transcripts, field notes and memos revealed that the pilot: 1) induced all participants to reflect on cultural barriers to IPE, particularly in light of the more experienced, male physicians’ apparent reluctance to buy into the pilot or the research study; 2) sensitized medical students to the scope of practice, roles and knowledge base of registered nurses and nursing students, whom they came to value as collaborators and teachers; and 3) inspired nursing students to take the lead in arranging interprofessional experiences, and to assert their viewpoints as equals within the multidisciplinary team. It was found that liminal (transitional) spaces and the frontline relaxation of traditional hierarchies—both widely acknowledged features of rural health care settings—contributed to these outcomes. The findings show that clinical settings have a significant impact on the interprofessional socialization of nursing and medical students, with implications for the design of future IPE initiatives.
Democracia representativa, conflito e justiça em J. S. Mill.
Authors: Hessmann Dalaqua Gustavo
Published: January 2018

Este artigo busca pensar, a partir da filosofia de J. S. Mill, a relação entre democracia representativa, conflito e justiça. Para tanto, iremos, primeiro, reconstruir o conceito de democracia representativa apresentado em Considerations on Representative Government. Segundo Mill, a democracia representativa deve esmerar-se para jamais esgotar o conflito político. A divisão do poder político entre diferentes grupos sociais impede a prevalência irrestrita de apenas um único grupo e promove, por conseguinte, a justiça – isto é, o respeito dos direitos morais de todos os indivíduos. Tal concepção de poder, veremos, envolve uma relação dialógica entre representante e representado. Em uma democracia representativa verdadeiramente democrática, o poder político não está restrito às instituições jurídico-estatais. Para Mill, a comunicação entre o debate público que ocorre dentro e fora das instituições governamentais é o fundamento do poder político em uma democracia representativa.
A representação política e seus intérpretes: acerca da recepção de Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Barreto Lisboa Wladimir
Published: January 2018

O artigo pretende analisar dois equívocos na interpretação da representação política em alguns leitores de Thomas Hobbes. Os primeiros buscam, a partir de sua teoria do comando, identificá-lo como um positivista jurídico avant la lettre. Os segundos, ao tentarem resgatar a capacidade de filtrar a lei civil segundo o crivo das leis de natureza, atribuem aos juízes um papel determinante na interpretação dos comandos do poder político. O texto conclui pela crítica a ambas as estratégias de leitura e pela afirmação do cidadão como o último intérprete da autorização que constitui a pessoa artificial.
O Isso e a determinação inconsciente das doenças orgânicas: a contribuição de Georg W. Groddeck à psicanálise
Authors: Maniakas Georgina Faneco
Published: January 2018

O ano de 2016 marca os 150 anos de nascimento de Georg Walther Groddeck, primeiro médico utilizar o referencial psicanalítico para o tratamento das doenças orgânicas. Groddeck se tornou mais conhecido no meio psicanalítico devido a sua contribuição para a formulação freudiana da segunda tópica por meio do conceito de Isso (Id). Freud reconhece sua contribuição em O Eu e o Isso de 1923, e admite em carta a Pfister que Groddeck provavelmente estaria certo em relação às determinações inconscientes das doenças orgânicas. Entretanto, para Groddeck, o seu Isso, herdeiro do Deus-Natureza de Goethe, não poderia se restringir aos limites a ele atribuídos por Freud na formulação de sua segunda representação tópica do aparelho psíquico. Anterior à formação da unidade biopsíquica do sujeito, o Isso de Groddeck, uma espécie de matriz de onde emana toda a existência somatopsíquica,  determinaria tanto a saúde quanto a doença, a vida e a morte.
Merleau-Ponty leitor de Freud
Authors: Moura Alex
Published: January 2018

Este artigo busca tematizar o modo pelo qual Merleau-Ponty estabelece uma reflexão e um diálogo sobre Freud já em suas primeiras obras, especialmente em A Estrutura do Comportamento e a Fenomenologia da Percepção. Concentrando-nos, sobretudo, na problematização da noção de inconsciente e, com ela, do estatuto da consciência, o que se pretende mostrar é como o filósofo, ao mesmo tempo que recusa certa perspectiva de leitura do pensamento freudiano, aproxima-se e recorre a ele por meio de um horizonte próprio de compreensão.
Exogamia em Freud e Lévi-Strauss: algumas aproximações
Authors: Namba Janaina
Published: January 2018

A exogamia e a interdição do incesto são colocadas como um problema, tanto para a antropologia estrutural em Lévi-Strauss quanto para a psicanálise freudiana. Para o antropólogo a interdição é uma regra fundamental, ainda que negativa da lei da exogamia. Já, para Freud, a exogamia é consequência de um ato primordial, o assassinato do pai da horda. Para ambos, a exogamia inaugura a passagem da natureza para a cultura. Esse texto mostra, no que diz respeito à exogamia e à interdição do incesto, algumas possíveis convergências entre essas duas teorias que tradicionalmente divergem entre si.
Acerca da noção de esforço e do conceito de causalidade em Henri Bergson
Authors: Camolezi Marcos
Published: January 2018

Este artigo pretende pontuar a relevância da noção de esforço e do conceito de causalidade na obra de Henri Bergson (1859-1941). A partir de uma compreensão cronológica dos principais escritos do filósofo sobre esses problemas, discutimos como o conceito de causalidade, associado à psicologia positiva de Henri Bergson até 1902, deixa de ser investido do sentido que o autor usualmente lhe concedia, e cede lugar ao conceito de criação a partir de 1903, de modo a inaugurar uma metafísica positiva.
Comparison of Engineering Education in Norway and China
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Jia Yanrui , Li Zhenchun , Song Yu
Published: January 2018

The Washington Accord is an internationally recognized agreement in engineering education of undergraduates. China joined the agreement as the 18th member country in 2016. The exploration technology and engineering major of China University of Petroleum has obtained the professional certification from international engineering education system and will adopt the international standards of personnel training that is substantially equivalent to the Washington Accord to train students. Based on the personal experience of two years of study abroad combining with the major, the author compares the difference of engineering education at home and abroad. At the same time, according to the domestic actual situation of education and the overall situation of students, the author gives corresponding opinions and improvement methods.
What Determines the Profitability of Vietnam Commercial Banks?
Authors: Nguyen Duong Thuy , Ta Huyen Thanh , Nguyen Huong Thi Diem
Published: January 2018

Kunt and Detragiache (1999) said that the profitability of the banking system was a good indication in signaling financial crisis. Therefore, studying determinants of bank profitability is necessary for better understanding of the current condition of the banking sector, and then, for launching new policies. The research explored determinants of Vietnamese commercial banks’ profitability. Using Regression Analysis for Panel Data set of 13 Vietnamese commercial banks over the period from 2006 to 2015, the study found that foreign ownership, cost to income and the level of credit risk, negatively influenced on the profitability of Vietnamese banks, whereas state ownership, size of assets, and macroeconomic factors (GDP and inflation) did not indicated statistically significant relations to the profitability and the relationships between capital structure, liquidity risk and the profitability were mixed.
The Relationship between EFL Learners’ Language Learning Strategy Use and Achievement
Authors: Balci Ozgul , Uguten Selma Durak
Published: January 2018

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between language learning strategy use and foreign language achievement, focusing on differences in gender. A total of 263 English as a foreign language students enrolled in English preparatory class program at Necmettin Erbakan University, School of Foreign Languages participated in the study. This was a descriptive study in relational screening model. The Turkish version of “Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL)”, originally developed by Oxford (1990) and adapted into Turkish by Cesur and Fer (2007), was used as the data collection tool. Results from the study indicated that metacognitive strategies were the most frequently used strategies among the participants, while cognitive strategies were the least frequently used. There was no significant difference between the male and female students in terms of language learning strategy use except memory strategies. Also, low but statistically significant positive correlations were observed between foreign language achievement and cognitive (r=0.23; p=0.00), compensation (r=0.16; p=0.01) and metacognitive strategies (r=0.15; p=0.02). The findings reported in the study suggest that high-level strategy use could affect students’ achievement in foreign language preparatory classes.
The Influence of Arabic Language Learning on Understanding of Islamic Legal Sciences—A Study in the Sultan Idris Education University
Authors: Alhirtani Nahla A. K.
Published: January 2018

The most important in Islamic Legal Sciences is Arabic Language, because of its necessity for Muslims to understand the Islamic Legal Provisions in Qur’an and Hadith which are in Arabic and informed by Arabs, thus, to understand these sciences it is a must to learn Arabic to discern the meanings and benefits of Islamic Texts and Provisions. So based on induction and analysis, this study aims to illustrate the function of Arabic Language as a tool serves the Islamic Legal Sciences in the Sultan Idris Education University, by a questionnaire was disseminated among the students of Arabic Language to declare the efforts of Sultan Idris Education University in this field, especially within issues relate to understanding the Quran, its interpretation, and Islamic Legal Provisions.
Students’ Achievement in Math and Science: How Grit and Attitudes Influence?
Authors: Al-Mutawah Masooma Ali , Fateel Moosa Jaafar
Published: January 2018

Many recent studies in the field of mathematics and science education have been studying the effect of non-cognitive factors in students’ achievement such as emotions, attitudes, values, beliefs, motivation, anxiety and grit. For example, attitude has been an important area in science education, and there have been many attempts to measure students attitudes to understand why they prefer a specific science subject (Reid; 2006). Zimmerman and Brogan (2015) stated that ‘grit predicts successful performance in a variety of contexts and found to be positively correlated with undergraduate grade average.’ Unfortunately, there are very few attempts if any have been studying the effect of grit on students’ academic achievement in Bahrain. Bahrain is an important economic sector in the Arabic Gulf region; it has very ambitious and competitive developing economical and educational vision. This study aims to find relationships between students’ level of grit and attitudes toward mathematics and science and the academic achievements in Bahrain secondary schools. ‘Grit questionnaire’ was adapted from Duckworth et al. (2007), and was administered to a total of 646 secondary school students. ‘Attitudes toward mathematics’ questionnaire was adapted from TIMSS (2011), and administered to a total of 349 secondary school students. ‘Attitudes toward science’ questionnaire was adapted from TIMSS (2011), and administered to a total of 297 secondary school students. The results showed that grit is positively and significantly correlated to academic achievement in math only, while attitudes towards math and science was positively and significantly correlated to academic achievement in both subjects.
Dialog w nauce i o nauce – o ograniczeniach polityki naukowej
Authors: Sroka Jacek
Published: January 2018

The paper regards the general issues connected with the fundamental barriers which impede the implementation of an effective public policy in the sector of science and higher education. Its content does not refer exclusively to Poland or any specific formal solutions but it was written in the Polish science in mind in the first place. The author was inspired by the texts of both conservative and audacious classics.
Wpływ europejskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego w sferze idei i wartości na tożsamość współczesnej Europy
Authors: Lenkiewicz Tomasz
Published: January 2018

Europe is distinguished by its cultural and civilizational difference, defined throughout the history as a Latin, Christian, European and Western civilization. The ideological breakthrough in the development of this civilization has been, first of all, caused by the French Revolution (1789-1799), that refined values and ideas of the European communities. Contemporary character of the Western civilization (revealing the crisis of the axiological layer), was shaped in a long historical process, being under the influence of ideas considered to be the most important in particular historical epochs.
Turecka Partia Sprawiedliwości i Rozwoju (AKP) – na drodze ku „Nowej Turcji”
Authors: Bieniek Karol
Published: January 2018

This paper aims at presenting the political route of the pro-Islamic Justice and Development Party (tur. Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) that is ruling Turkey since 2002. The party`s discourse visibly reduces vital political, social and economical processes to the confrontation of “new” Turkey with an “old” one. The former is an immanent part of party`s ideological identity thus evolved substantially during past fifteen years. All this issues will be analyzed in this paper.
Nierówna praca - wybrane aspekty aktywności zawodowej kobiet na przykładzie województwa pomorskiego
Authors: Kijewska Barbara
Published: January 2018

The issue of economic activity of women is an important subject of interest of EU and national institutions, mainly due to the lack of symmetry between men and women in terms of employment, remuneration and access to managerial positions. The constant presence of these differences, despite the existing legal regulations, is treated as an element of economic discrimination against women. In the study of economic discrimination of women the analysis also includes the division of work among family members, the impact of the decision about having children on the continuation of the professional career, and the provision of a sufficient number of day care centers for children and dependents. This paper presents basic policy regulations against unequal treatment in economic life and then illustrates selected areas of economic activity of women in the Pomeranian voivodeship. The carried out analysis allows to draw the following conclusions: • There are differences in remuneration, which in the long run affects social security, pension rights and the risk of poverty among women. • Women are overrepresented in the area of part-time employment. • The unequal division of caring duties and housework between women and men has an impact on the career of women. • Women are underrepresented in high paid jobs and decision-making positions.
Islam i ZSRR. Polityka Bolszewików wobec muzułmanów w okresie kształtowania się państwa radzieckiego
Authors: Potulski Jakub
Published: January 2018

One of the most important issues of the Russia statehood is a problem of stability and internal integrity. A characteristic feature of Russian state is the wide variety of ethnic and religious. Since the XVI century and Since the conquest of Kazan by the Russian army in the tsarist state were large communities of Muslims. In contemporary Russian Federation Islam is an important part of social life and cultural more than forty ethnic groups including Tatars and Bashkirs. The Russian authorities are looking for ways to arrange relationship between the State and followers of Islam. Since 1991, the Russian Federation has experienced the revival of religious values, including the revival of the historic traditions of Islam and its cultural values. The continuous increase in the number of Muslims, as well as the increasing activities of socio - political groups ,for which Islam is an important element of identity, are considered to be one of the most significant challenges for the modern Russian State. This article aims to explore a historical evolution of state – Muslims relationship in Russia, especially during the Bolshevik revolution. The historical analysis aims at a deeper understanding of the historical background which is the basis for the analysis and explanation of the present phenomena.
Podstawy społecznej akceptacji polityki Władimira Putina
Authors: Nadskakuła-Kaczmarczyk Olga
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to present relations between the authorities and society as well as the perception of domestic and foreign policy of Vladimir Putin by residents of the Russian Federation. The author aims to characterize and describe various factors that affect the legitimacy of Vladimir Putin's power. A special emphasis is put on Russian political system and its influence on social support for the ruling elite, particularly on semantic content behind the high approval ratings of Vladimir Putin.
Terroryzm jako ewoluujące zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa współczesnego świata. Pomiar i ocena zjawiska
Authors: Rewizorski Marek
Published: January 2018

In the face of increasing domestic and transnational terrorism (involving more than one country, cross-boarder), questions arise about which type of terrorism - internal or external - becomes greater threat to security? How do terrorists adapt to internal (defensive) security measures and external (offensive) means used by states in the war on terror? How does the transformation of terrorism into a motivational dimension, and therefore the values and principles used by terrorists as a justification for the use of violence, especially the departure from secular political ideologies to religious justification, affect the evolution of terrorism as a threat to individuals and their groups? Who or what is the target of attacks by modern terrorist groups? The purpose of this article is to answer the above questions based on the extensive literature and data on terrorism from two databases, The International Terrorism: Attributes of Terrorist Events (ITERATE), and Global Terrorism Database (GTD). Theoretical considerations will be based on the model of the economic rationality of terrorist activity presented by William M. Landes in 1978.
Konsekwencje przemian demograficznych na rynku pracy – w kierunku zrządzania wiekiem
Authors: Kubiak Michał
Published: January 2018

In connection with the demographic changes taking place in recent decades, one of the key issues are the appropriate management of the potential of the growing number of elderly people and undertaking action to mitigate the economic and social impact of aging of the population. The involvement of older workers in the labor market and the maintenance of good health, activity and independence are the best ways to alleviate the problems resulting from aging of societies and to preserve intergenerational solidarity. The aim of the article is to analyze the demographic situation in Poland in the context of the potential of labor resources and to present the concepts and instruments of age management. The research hypothesis oscillates around the claim that the application of age management strategies makes it possible to make the best use of the potential of all employees in a company, regardless of their age. If restructuring of positions and tasks can increase productivity of employeesand improve the use of human capital, dissemination of age management systems in companies is one of the most desirable actions minimizing negative trends in the labor market, both in the social and economic sphere.
ORGANISATION OF TOURIST MOVEMENT IN THE CZECH SWITZERLAND NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Krzysztof
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Assessment of the organisation of tourism movement in the Czech Switzerland National Park taking into account the extent of protection zones, distribution of main tourist attractions and functions of neighbouring tourist settlements.

Method. The course of tourist trails and the degree of infrastructure along them were compared with the zoning of the national park. A typology of tourist settlements (both within the borders of the park and in its vicinity) was prepared, taking into account their accessibility, tourist infrastructure and effects on the tourist movement in the protected area. The educational offer of the park, accessibility to the entries of tourist trails by public transport and proposals for handicapped tourists were also analysed.

Findings. The Czech Switzerland National Park was introduced in a developed tourist space. That is why the network of tourist trails and locally intensive tourist infrastructure does not fully correspond with the division into protection zones. Out of 166.4 km of hiking and cycling trails, as much as 32.7 km lead through the first, most valuable zone, which composes less than 25% of the total park area. One main and few secondary tourist distribution nodes were distinguished, as well as two types of local tourist villages. The studied area is well accessible, has a developed educational offer, however, the proposals for handicapped tourists are limited.

Research and conclusion limitations. In the research, only one national park was examined, thus comparison with situations in other protected areas is advisable.

Practical implications. Findings may be useful while planning tourist infrastructure in other protected areas, especially those newly introduced.

Originality. In the work, a relatively new national park (established in 2000) was taken into account. It has not been examined more thoroughly in Polish scientific literature concerning tourism. Importance was attached to the zoning of the protected area.

Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research.
INSURANCE PRODUCTS AS PROTECTION TOOLS AGAINST THE RISK IN SPORT TOURISM: POLISH AND CROATIAN CASE STUDIES
Authors: Żylak Danuta , Hadzik Andrzej , Ryśnik Jakub , Tomik Rajmund
Published: January 2018

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess travel insurance as a method of protection against the risk of sport tourism on the basis of a review of insurance products on the Polish and Croatian markets with emphasis on those prepared for practicing biking tourism. Method. A review of the literature and comparative analysis of the existing range of insurance products within both markets. Findings. The revue was focused on selected insurance products of leading insurance companies on the Polish and Croatian markets. The overview of available insurance products in the field of active tourism is an indication of effective protection against the risk for people taking up endeavors other than those which are considered everyday activities. Research and conclusion limitations. There is no definition of travel insurance in the Polish literature, but it is insurance aimed at satisfying the financial needs arising from the implementation of risk-taking activity for the entity. Empirical studies include leading insurers on the markets mentioned above within their scope of travel insurance offers for active sport tourism. Practical implications. Increasing the forethought of insurance for tourists through awareness of risk and the available insurance coverage. Originality. The paper concerns the important issue of protection against the risk in active sport tourism. It should be emphasized that the Croatian tourist market provides diversified sources of risk financing and insurance which is judged to be the most important method of financing risk in tourism. A comparative analysis of the Polish and Croatian was chosen due to the attractiveness of both countries in terms of tourism resources and intensive economic cooperation in the tourism sector. Type of paper. A combination of an overview with empirical studies.
SCIENCE TOURISM. ABOUT THE ORIGINS AND SCOPE OF THE PHENOMENA
Authors: Kosmala Gerard , Chylińska Dagmara
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Critical analysis of the “science tourism” concept described in Polish and foreign scientific literature on tourism, a overview and description of its phenomenon and to point out the place of science tourism within the general typology of tourism. Method. Analysis of scientific works and likewise information and data from institutions offering science tourism tourist attractions. Synthesis and systematization of final findings/results. Findings. Science tourism (knowledge and science tourism) means travels to get to know, to experience and practise as well as and encounter its results. In contrast to the prevalent economical approach, the proposed definition represents a functional approach and negates consideration of professional and business travels as tourism. Origins of science tourism reach the 19th century world exhibitions. Nowadays, knowledge and science tourism are used for the popularization of knowledge and scientific inventions and not only in the high-tech industry. They provide the opportunity to get to know the history of science, significant researchers and investigators and also places where “science” is created and inventions take place. Research and conclusion limitations. In our opinion, science tourism (knowledge and science tourism) significantly differs from the common definition/understanding of this term in the analysed scientific literature. Practical implications. Understanding and organizing issues related to science tourism in discussion about the ambiguous and questionable phenomenon. An introduction to further quantitative and qualitative analysis. Originality. The paper is an attempt to order knowledge of science tourism in foreign and Polish scientific literature, to propose other definitions anchored in the functional approach, which eliminates most doubts appearing within the economical and statistical approaches. Type of paper. Theoretical, critical, review.
Review of the book by Bernard Suits "The Grasshopper. Games, Life, and Utopia" (in the translation of Filip Kobiela)
Authors: Zowisło Maria
Published: January 2018

-
Integrierte Wohnungslosenhilfeangebote am Beispiel vom Katholischen Männerfürsorge Verein (KMFV e.V.) in München
Authors: Michling Małgorzata
Published: January 2018

Der Artikel verschaffte einen kurzen Überblick über das System der Wohnungslosenhilfe in München und über Wohnungslosenhilfeangebote am Beispiel vom Katholischen Männerfürsorgeverein München e.V. (KMFV e.V.), der im Jahr 1950 vom Stadtpfarrprediger Adolf Mathes (Bunkerpfarrer) gegründet wurde. Dabei geht es auch um Vielfältigkeit des Vereins bezüglich auf: die formale Organisation der Wohnungslosenhilfe, die Tradition des KMFV e.V., die Förderung von wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen, die Vernetzung der Hilfe mit anderen Versorgungssystemen sowie den politischen Willen, die städtische Wohnungslosenhilfe im Verbund mit der freien Wohlfahrtspflege zu gestalten. Der Leser soll sich zuerst einen kleinen Überblick über die Wohnungslosenzahlen in Deutschland, in Bayern und in München, über die Wohnungslosenforschung/Theorien der Wohnungslosigkeit sowie über die Ursachen der Wohnungslosigkeit, sowie den Einstieg in die Wohnungslosigkeit zu verschaffen. Danach werden die Hilfeangebote für die Wohnungslosen der diversen Träger (auch vom KMFV e.V.) in: München und Umgebung sowie die Herausforderung an die Sozialarbeit erläutern. Basierend auf Literaturrecherche und den jahrelangen Erfahrungen der Autorin als Sozialarbeiterin der Wohnungslosenhilfe zeigt der Artikel die Wichtigkeit und Berechtigung den Wohnungslosen in München eine adäquate Bleibe anzubieten.
Introduction
Authors: Lalak Danuta
Published: January 2018

There is a developmental value in each crisis. Crises are a part of every society, economy, system… They are experienced by the individuals at the various stages of their lives. Most clearly, the path of life is defined in the relation to the biographical perspective. On one hand, it is perceived as the institutionalization of the course of life (M. Kohli 1985), and on the other, as an autonomous, resource-based project and individual construction of one’s own development path.

From the perspective of late modernity the ways of overcoming difficulties and life crises have changed their sense and meaning. The biography has lost the character of a socially determined construct to its diverse, mobile, subjectifying form. It is because of education and migration processes as well as the cultural changes and development of new technologies. The opportunities to go beyond the frames of social environment are the hallmarks of progress and modernity and at the same time make human life highly uncertain and vulnerable to the developmental crises. The subjectification of the biography most fully expressed in the concept of ‘self-governance’ by M. Foucault (2000) brings with it many difficulties and pitfalls. This probably explains the phenomenon of increasing social differences, deepening dysfunctionality of institutions, weaknesses of systematic solutions and insufficient theories in social practice. This area brings many challenges to social policy, social pedagogy and social work. The current issue of our journal is dedicated to the reflection on such topics.
“Remember... Whose girl you are”: Dynamics of domination in Sarah Waters’s Affinity (1999)
Authors: Madsen Lea Heiberg
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses, from a psychoanalytic perspective, Sarah Waters’s novel Affinity (1999) which has played a crucial role in the consolidation of the neo-Victorian genre and, indeed, has become a touchstone for contemporary feminist fiction. Through Jessica Benjamin’s intersubjective theory it analyses Waters’s extraordinary re-presentation of women’s same-sex relationships, with particular focus on the dynamics of domination and submission which characterises the female couples in the novel. Benjamin's approach to the problem of domination gives valuable insight into the psychological structures of erotic hierarchy and, in turn, opens up for new ways to understand erotic desire and power dynamics between men and women, or between people of the same sex.  In addition, an exploration of Affinity from an intersubjective perspective casts light onto how the novel transgresses both Victorian boundaries and those that persist in contemporary culture.