bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Traffic Detector Layout Based on Complex Network Theory
Authors: An Shi , Ma Lina , Wang Jian
Published: March 2020

With the recent development of traffic networks, traffic detector layout has become very complicated, due to the complexity of traffic network structures and states. Thus, this paper presents an optimal method for traffic detector layout based on network centrality using complex network theory. It mainly depends on the topology of the traffic network, and does not depend on pre-conditions (e.g., OD (Origin Destination)) traffic, path traffic, prior matrix, and so on) or consider route-choosing behavior too much. Considering the travel time, OD demand, observation demand of urban managers, dynamic characteristic of the traffic network, detector failure, and so on, an optimization model for traffic detector layout is established, which is called the Traffic Network Centrality Model (TNCM). Numerical experiments are conducted, based on data from the Sioux Falls network, which demonstrate that the model has a strong practical value. TNCM is not only helpful in reducing the traffic detector layout cost, but also improves the monitoring revenue of the traffic network in complex scenarios, which offers a promising way of thinking about the optimization of traffic detector layout schemes.
Geographical Indication to Build up Resilient Rural Economies: A Case Study from Ghana
Authors: Vecchio Yari , Iddrisu Abdul-Latif , Adinolfi Felice , De Rosa Marcello
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with Geographical Indications (GI) as a critical strategy aimed to boost agri-food local supply chain and rural development. The main concern of this work, therefore, is to verify how the identification of these products and establishment of GI systems can propel sustainable development in local areas in Africa. Two assumptions are at the basis of our paper: viable GI systems can be established in Africa, and the establishment of a GI system can stimulate rural development. In order to clarify the process of GI setting up and valorization, we will test GI virtuous circle and the rural web, with the purpose of exploring the multiple dimensions (endogeneity, social capital, sustainability, novelty, institutional arrangements, governance of markets) interfering in the process at both the agri-food supply chain and rural context levels of analysis. The analysis is applied to the shea butter production in Ghana and will employ primary data. Questionnaires and interviews were administered in the study area (Yendi Municipality of Ghana) to gather both qualitative and quantitative data. Our analysis confirms the potentialities of the shea butter as GI, by underlying its engine for the development of local rural communities.
Citizen and Educational Initiatives to Support Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation for All
Authors: de Lázaro Torres María Luisa , Borderías Uribeondo Pilar , Morales Yago Francisco José
Published: March 2020

Sustainable Development Goal 6 affirms the need to “ensure water availability, sustainable water management and sanitation for all” and thereby highlights a current problem in Spain caused by climate dynamics in the south and southeast of the peninsula and the islands. This study is based on a non-probabilistic online survey with 455 participants (n = 455) carried out to identify citizens’ views across the Autonomous Communities and detect good and bad practices, including efficiency gains and specific problems, derived from water management. Differences in perceptions were found regarding place of residence, gender, and education level, which were all especially significant in relation to territory. Generally, people who live in areas with greater water abundance are less aware of the need to make good use of it. There are no major differences in terms of gender, although there is a greater awareness among women about the effects of climate change and the need for good water management. It is argued that education should employ innovative materials and pedagogically motivating resources from school to university levels.
RETRACTED: Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China
Authors: Guo Shijie , Liu Guichang , Zhang Qi , Zhao Fang , Ding Guomin
Published: March 2020

As a major measure of ecological environment protection, ecological migration addresses the conflict between humans and the ecological environment. The Urban Resettlement Model is a prevalent resettlement model used by the Chinese government to try to alleviate poverty brought about by the ecological environment by promoting migration. This study initially explored the mechanism of influencing the livelihoods of relocated households in the Urban Resettlement Model by analyzing questionnaire data obtained from farmers in the resettlement area of Nangqian County. The coarsened exact matching (CEM) model was used to control the influence of confounding factors in the observation data. Next, a disordered multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact and effect of the Urban Resettlement Model on the livelihoods of the relocated non-agricultural farmers and poor relocated households. The results show that the Urban Resettlement Model has a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For all relocated households, the presence of medical facilities exhibited a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For poor relocated households, convenient transportation facilities facilitated the pursuit of non-agricultural livelihoods such as migrant work. However, industrial support, employment support, or training had no statistically significant effects on all relocated households or poor relocated households. The number of family laborers and communication costs were significant promoting influences for all relocated households and poor relocated households to engage in part-time and non-agricultural livelihoods. There was a certain impact of relocation time on livelihood choice for the relocated farmers, but there was no significant impact for poor relocated households. Based on these findings, the following suggestions are proposed. Supporting industries should be provided and industrial transformation and upgrading efforts should be strengthened during the application of the Urban Resettlement Model to create job opportunities for relocated people. Additionally, enhanced construction of basic infrastructure, including transportation, medical care, and communication systems is required. The results of this work should facilitate the effective improvement of administration of the ecological resettlement environmental protection policy system.
Energy Utilization of Algae Biomass Waste Enteromorpha Resulting in Green Tide in China: Pyrolysis Kinetic Parameters Estimation Based on Shuffled Complex Evolution
Authors: Zhong Lingna , Zhang Juan , Ding Yanming
Published: March 2020

Enteromorpha is a species of algae biomass that is spread widely and has resulted in green tides in China in recent years. It was urgent to explore an appropriate method for taking advantage of the ocean waste as an energy supply in the current sustainable development. Pyrolysis, as the first step of thermochemical conversion in energy utilization, was given attention in order to study its behavior based on thermogravimetric experiments over a wide heating-rate range from 5 to 60 K/min. The whole pyrolysis process was divided into three stages: water evaporation, the main components decomposition, and carbonate decomposition. To estimate the detailed kinetic parameters (activation energy, the pre-exponential factor, and reaction order etc.), the Kissinger method was used to establish the original kinetic parameters at different stages and provide the parameter search range for the next heuristic algorithm, and then the Shuffled Complex Evolution optimization algorithm was coupled and first applied to the algae biomass pyrolysis. Eventually, the predicted results of mass loss rate based on the optimized kinetic parameters agreed well with the thermogravimetric experimental data, with the R2 value being up to 0.92 for all the heating rates.
Climate Change Impacts on Extreme Flows Under IPCC RCP Scenarios in the Mountainous Kaidu Watershed, Tarim River Basin
Authors: Huang Yue , Ma Yonggang , Liu Tie , Luo Min
Published: March 2020

In the 21st century, heavier rainfall events and warmer temperatures in mountainous regions have significant impacts on hydrological processes and the occurrence of flood/drought extremes. Long-term modeling and peak flow detection of streamflow series are crucial in understanding the behavior of flood and drought. This study was conducted to analyze the impacts of future climate change on extreme flows in the Kaidu River Basin, northwestern China. The soil water assessment tool (SWAT) was used for hydrological modeling. The projected future precipitation and temperature under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios were downscaled and used to drive the validated SWAT model. A generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution was employed to assess the probability distribution of flood events. The modeling results showed that the simulated discharge well matched the observed ones both in the calibration and validation periods. Comparing with the historical period, the ensemble with 15 general circulation models (GCMs) showed that the annual precipitation will increase by 7.9–16.1% in the future, and extreme precipitation events will increase in winter months. Future temperature will increase from 0.42 °C/10 a to 0.70 °C/10 a. However, with respect to the hydrological response to climate change, annual mean runoff will decrease by 21.5–40.0% under the mean conditions of the four RCP scenarios. A reduction in streamflow will occur in winter, while significantly increased discharge will occur from April to May. In addition, designed floods for return periods of five, 10 and 20 years in the future, as predicted by the GEV distribution, will decrease by 3–20% over the entire Kaidu watershed compared to those in the historical period. The results will be used to help local water resource management with hazard warning and flood control.
Effects of Contemporary Land Use Types and Conversions from Wetland to Paddy Field or Dry Land on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions
Authors: Zhao Di , Dong Junyu , Ji Shuping , Huang Miansong , Quan Quan , Liu Jian
Published: March 2020

Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is closely related to soil quality and climate change. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of contemporary land use on SOC concentrations at 0–20 cm depths, and to investigate the dynamics of SOC in paddy-field soil and dry-land soil after their conversion from natural wetlands (20 and 30 years ago). We investigated the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), and other soil properties (i.e., moisture content, bulk density, pH, clay, sand, silt, available phosphorous, light fraction nitrogen, and heavy fraction nitrogen) in natural wetlands, constructed wetlands, fishponds, paddy fields, and soybean fields. The results indicated that the content of DOC increased 17% in constructed wetland and decreased 39% in fishponds, and the content of HFOC in constructed wetland and fishponds increased 50% and 8%, respectively, compared with that in natural wetlands at 0–20 cm. After the conversion of a wetland, the content of HFOC increased 72% in the paddy fields and decreased 62% in the dry land, while the content of DOC and LFOC decreased in both types. In the paddy fields, LFOC and HFOC content in the topmost 0.2 m of the soil layer was significantly higher compared to the layer below (from 0.2 to 0.6 m), and there were no significant differences observed in the dry land. The findings suggest that the paddy fields can sequester organic carbon through the accumulation of HFOC. However, the HFOC content decreased 22% after 10 years of cultivation with the decrease of clay content, indicating that paddy fields need to favor clay accumulation for the purpose of enhancing carbon sequestration in the paddy fields.
Comparative Assessment of Spatial Variability and Trends of Flows and Sediments under the Impact of Climate Change in the Upper Indus Basin
Authors: Ul Hussan Waqas , Khurram Shahzad Muhammad , Seidel Frank , Costa Anna , Nestmann Franz
Published: March 2020

Extensive research of the variability of flows under the impact of climate change has been conducted for the Upper Indus Basin (UIB). However, limited literature is available on the spatial distribution and trends of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in the sub-basins of UIB. This study covers the comparative assessment of flows and SSC trends measured at 13 stations in the UIB along with the variability of precipitation and temperatures possibly due to climate change for the past three decades. In the course of this period, the country’s largest reservoir, Tarbela, on the Indus River was depleted rapidly due to heavy sediment influx from the UIB. Sediment management of existing storage and future planned hydraulic structures (to tap 30,000 MW in the region) depends on the correct assessment of SSC, their variation patterns, and trends. In this study, the SSC trends are determined along with trends of discharges, precipitation, and temperatures using the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator. The results reveal that the annual flows and SSC are in a balanced state for the Indus River at Besham Qila, whereas the SSC are significantly reduced ranging from 18.56%–28.20% per decade in the rivers of Gilgit at Alam Bridge, Indus at Kachura, and Brandu at Daggar. The SSC significantly increase ranging from 20.08%–40.72% per decade in the winter together with a significant increase of average air temperature. During summers, the SSC are decreased significantly ranging from 18.63%–27.79% per decade along with flows in the Hindukush and Western–Karakorum regions, which is partly due to the Karakorum climate anomaly, and in rainfall-dominated basins due to rainfall reduction. In Himalayan regions, the SSC are generally increased slightly during summers. These findings will be helpful for understanding the sediment trends associated with flow, precipitation, and temperature variations, and may be used for the operational management of current reservoirs and the design of several hydroelectric power plants that are planned for construction in the UIB.
Identification of Aquifer Recharge Sources as the Origin of Emerging Contaminants in Intensive Agricultural Areas. La Plana de Castellón, Spain
Authors: Renau-Pruñonosa Arianna , García-Menéndez Olga , Ibáñez María , Vázquez-Suñé Enric , Boix Clara , Ballesteros Bruno B. , Hernández García Marta , Morell Ignacio , Hernández Félix
Published: March 2020

In urban, industrial, and agricultural areas, a vast array of contaminants may be found because they are introduced into the aquifers by different recharge sources. The emerging contaminants (ECs) correspond to unregulated contaminants, which may be candidates for future regulation depending on the results of research into their potential effects on health and on monitoring data regarding their occurrence. ECs frequently found in wastewater, such as acetaminophen, carbamazepine, primidone, and sulfamethoxazole, may be good indicators of the introduction of the reclaimed water to the aquifers. The resistance of the ECs to removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) causes them to be appropriate sewage markers. Plana de Castellón (Spain) is a coastal area that has been characterized by intensive citrus agriculture since the 1970s. Traditionally, in the southern sector of Plana de Castellón, 100% of irrigation water comes from groundwater. In recent years, local farmers have been using a mixture of groundwater and reclaimed water from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to irrigate the citrus. The aims of the present study were: (i) to assess the occurrences, spatial distributions, and concentrations of selected ECs, including 32 antibiotics, 8 UV filters, and 2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in groundwater in a common agricultural context; (ii) to identify the recharge (pollution) sources acting as the origin of the ECs, and (iii) to suggest ECs as indicators of reclaimed water arrival in detrital heterogeneous aquifers. The obtained data provided relevant information for the management of water resources and elucidated the fate and behavior of emerging contaminants in similar contexts.
Comparative Assessment of Water Governance in Protected Areas
Authors: Lordkipanidze Maia , Bressers Hans , Lulofs Kris
Published: March 2020

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the governance systems of nature areas in relation to resilience measures in the field of water and nature management. The main question is to identify the key characteristics of governance that influence the resilience of the selected areas. The purpose of this comparative study is to understand and explain how aspects within the governance context influence the success of policy initiatives or measures towards resilience goals. For comparison, the hierarchic method is used. The results of the five case studies are compared: four cases from the Netherlands and one from UK. For the assessment of the governance of selected areas the governance assessment tool is used to systematically assess the relevant elements and qualities of the governance contexts and to understand the circumstances for the implementation of adaptive measures. The results of the comparison reveal different combinations of the governance qualities creating, to some extent, the setting for the resilience of the areas in which external factors and continuous interaction between layers of the governance system influence the adaptive capacity of the governance to manage resilience.
Analysis of Temporal-Spatial Variation Characteristics of Drought: A Case Study from Xinjiang, China
Authors: An Qiang , He Huaxiang , Gao Juanjuan , Nie Qianwen , Cui Yingjie , Wei Chuanjiang , Xie Xinmin
Published: March 2020

It is of great significance to study the characteristics and change trends of drought in Xinjiang to provide a basis for implementing local strategies. Based on monthly precipitation and temperature data from 95 meteorological stations in Xinjiang, from 1960 to 2018, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was calculated, and the characteristics and trends of drought in Xinjiang were analysed, in details. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation index, i.e., Regional Drought Severity (RDS), was proposed to analyse the effects of duration of the drought and the extent of the drought affected area. The results from our study suggested: (1) In consideration of global warming, droughts in Xinjiang have intensified during the past 59 years, and the frequency and range of droughts have increased significantly; (2) During the plant growing season, spring, summer, and autumn, a drying trend was observed, while, a wetting trend was identified for winter season; (3) The drought-prone months shifted from January and December to March-November in the 1970s, and April was identified as a month with the highest frequency of droughts; (4) The meteorological change occurred a period near 1997. It can be speculated that the intensified droughts can be triggered by the excessive temperature rise, through comparing the changes in SPEI and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), before and after the meteorological change; (5) After the meteorological change, the frequency of droughts with different levels had significantly increased, in addition, the drought-prone areas shifted from the north-west to the south-east. The results from this research provide important support for drought management in Xinjiang, also offer scientific basis for the formulation of relevant policies on agricultural and animal husbandry production.
A New Method for the Evaluation of Well Rehabilitation from the Early Portion of a Pumping Test
Authors: Kahuda Daniel , Pech Pavel
Published: March 2020

This study analyzes the unsteady groundwater flow to a real well (with wellbore storage and the skin effect) that fully penetrates the confined aquifer. The well is located within an infinite system, so the effect of boundaries is not considered. The Laplace-domain solution for a partial differential equation is used to describe the unsteady radial flow to a well. The real space solution is obtained by means of the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform using the Stehfest algorithm 368. When wellbore storage and the skin effect dominate pumping test data and testing is conducted for long enough, two semilogarithmic straight lines are normally obtained. The first straight line can be identified readily as the line of the maximum slope. The correlation of the dimensionless drawdown for the intersection time of this first straight line, with the log time axis as a function of the dimensionless wellbore storage and the skin factor, is shown. This paper presents a new method for evaluating the skin factor from the early portion of a pumping test. This method can be used to evaluate the skin factor when the well-known Cooper–Jacob semilogarithmic method cannot be used due to the second straight line not being achieved in the semilogarithmic graph drawdown vs. the log time. A field example is presented to evaluate the well rehabilitation in Veselí nad Lužnicí by means of the new correlation.
Distribution of Heavy Metals in Vegetative Biofiltration Columns
Authors: Chowdhury Rezaul , Abaya Jameelu , Ksiksi Taoufik , Mohamed Mohamed , Beecham Simon , Rahman Ataur
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the distribution of heavy metals in vegetative biofiltration columns irrigated by synthetic greywater. Twelve species of ornamental plants (three plants from each species) were planted in the same designed 36 biofiltration columns. Samples of effluent water, soils, roots, shoots and leaves were collected and analyzed. It was observed that before irrigation, the distribution of copper was in soils (0%), roots (42%), leaves (37%) and shoots (21%). After irrigation, this distribution changed to soils (29%), roots (39%), leaves (17%) and shoots (15%). It was found that lead concentrations decreased in soils from (84% to 7%), but increased in plants (from 16% to 93%) following irrigation with greywater. In contrast, the distribution of zinc changed from leaves (46%), roots (22%) and soils (16%) before irrigation to 89% in leaves and soils and 11% in shoots following irrigation. The chromium distribution before and after irrigation was found to be almost unchanged in soils, shoots and effluent water, but it increased in roots (19.4% to 26.9%) and decreased in leaves (11.4% to 5.8%). The outcomes of this study demonstrated that heavy metals mostly accumulate in soils and roots, and it is necessary to investigate their potential detrimental effects on the receiving environment.
Indigenising Education: Scales, Interfaces and Acts of Citizenship in Sápmi
Authors: Sollid Hilde , Olsen Torjer
Published: March 2020

As Indigenous people reclaim their position after centuries of oppression, the  tensions between Indigenous needs and national demands surface. This is also the case of the Indigenous Sámi in Norway. After a long period of colonisation, recognition of the indigenous Sámi people and their language and culture is replacing the politics of erasure. In this process, the educational system is the institution where this new direction can reach the farthest. Rather than seeing Indigenous education as static endpoint in opposition towards mainstream education, we theorise that indigenising education is better understood as a process and as a continuum where citizens with different subject positions engage and interact in a cultural interface. The theorising is based on a case study from Gáivuotna-Kåfjord-Kaivuono on the Norwegian side of Sápmi.
Getting a Quality Education: Indigenising Post-Secondary Institutions in Northern Ontario Through the Indigenous Quality Assurance Project
Authors: Ray Lana , Wabano, Mary , Bannerman Deidre
Published: March 2020

In Canada, many institutions have signed onto Indigenous education manifestos such as College and Institutes Canada’s Indigenous Education Protocol and Universities Canada’s Principles on Indigenous Education which generally advocate for respect for Indigenous knowledge systems and the meaningful participation and representation of Indigenous peoples in the academy. These declarations of commitment to indigenization, while widely announced and promoted in the public domain, do little to communicate and provide evidence of effective implementation, as defined by Indigenous peoples. As a result, a growing number of Indigenous scholars have questioned the intent, depth, and outcomes of indigenization efforts and have implicated indigenization in the ongoing system of settler colonialism.In response, northern colleges in Ontario undertook the Indigenous quality assurance (IQA) project to develop Indigenous quality assurance standards and an implementation process complimentary to the colleges’ current audit-based quality assurance system. This article will discuss the development of the northern colleges’ IQA system and explore how the Indigenous quality assurance system can provide a tangible path forward to enact indigenization. In particular, the capacity of Indigenous quality assurance to address the calls by Indigenous scholars to ensure indigenization efforts are systemic, led by Indigenous peoples, everyone’s responsibility, and accountable to Indigenous peoples are explored.
Climate change impacts on hydrology in the Dak B’la watershed, Central Highland Vietnam based on SWAT model
Authors: Loi Nguyen Kim , Tram Vo Ngoc Quynh , Au Nguyen Thi Tinh
Published: March 2020

Climate is the main factor affecting hydrology in a watershed. For purely agricultural watershed, hydrological assessment and management play a very important role in the region's agricultural development. In this study, the hydrological was simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. This paper aimed to calibrate and validate the SWAT model in Dak B’la watershed in Central Highland Vietnam and assess the climate change on water discharge. The coefficient of determination (R²) and Nash-Sutcliffe index (NSI), and Percent BIAS (PBIAS) during the calibration process was 0.75, 0.72, and -1.15 respectively and validation process was 0.82, 0.83, 3.67 respectively. It proved the high reliability of the SWAT model after calibration. The two climate scenarios were selected in this investigation: scenario A is the existing climate using the data from 2001 to 2018 and scenario B is the A1B emission scenario for the future period from 2020 to 2069. Compared to the average water discharge from 2001-2018 and average water discharge from 2020 to 2069, the results indicated that climate change increases the average water discharge (0.55%), especially in 2050, the water discharge in the flood season (in November) is 584 m3/s, which higher than the largest flood in 2009 of 450 m3/s.
PŘEDSTAVENÍ NÁRODNÍHO ZDRAVOTNICKÉHO INFORMAČNÍHO PORTÁLU
Authors: Komenda Martin , Karolyi Matěj
Published: March 2020

Národní zdravotnický informační portál (NZIP) představuje systematickou cestu Ministerstva zdravotnictví ČR ke zlepšení komunikace a důvěryhodnosti prezentovaných informací smě-rem k veřejnosti. Publikací pouze plně prověřeného, garanto-vaného a metodicky standardizovaného obsahu se NZIP stane stěžejním komunikačním kanálem, který zprostředkuje po-třebné informace z oblasti zdravotní péče, prevence a podpory zdraví nejen pro státní správu, ale zejména pro širokou laickou iodbornou veřejnost. V přímé návaznosti na národní strategic-ký rámec Zdraví 2030, který mimo jiné směřuje k zajištění sys-tematické informovanosti v oblasti ochrany zdraví a zdravého životního stylu včetně posílení zdravotní gramotnosti, NZIP prezentuje původní autorský obsah provázaný na existující ověřené online zdroje napříč odbornými portály z oblasti čes-kého zdravotnictví. Primární ambicí projektu NZIP je zamezit roztříštěnosti informací a zajistit správnou interpretaci garan-tovaných materiálů prostřednictvím jednotné komunikační platformy. Ta bude určena především pro propagaci a využívání služeb ve zdravotnictví v souladu se strategickou podporou zdraví, astrategickými záměry resortu. NZIP přináší zvýšení důvěry laické i odborné veřejnosti k zdravotnickým informa-cím, zvýší zdravotní gramotnost populace a plošně zjednoduší přístup k dostupným online zdrojům, čímž mimo jiné přispěje k propagaci zdravého životního stylu a preventivních programů garantovaných státem. Konferenční příspěvek představí aktu-ální stav portálu nzip.cz společně s metodickým a technickým pozadím, které tvoří základní schéma spolupráce odborných garantů, autorského kolektivu, interních i externích recenzentů, vývojového týmu a Vědecké a řídící rady NZIP.
NOVÁ GENERACE ELEKTRONICKÝCH UČEBNIC SE SIMULAČNÍM JÁDREM.
Authors: Kofránek Jiří , Ježek Filp , Šilar Jan , Mládek Arnošt , Mateják Marek , Kulhánek Tomáš
Published: March 2020

V poslední době se objevily nové elektronické učebnice, propo-jující hypertext, simulační modely a interaktivní grafiku (řízenou modelem na pozadí), které přinášejí zcela nové možnosti pro vysvětlování složitě propojených regulačních vztahů zejmé-na v medicíně. Jsou to většinou aplikace typu client-server, kdy celá aplikace běží na serveru a uživatel se k ní připojuje většinou pomocí internetového prohlížeče či jiného dediko-vaného rozhraní. Existují také aplikace které pracují lokálně na klientském počítači nebo tabletu. My jsme vyvinuli technologii Bodylight.js, která umožňuje tvorbu obdobných výukových aplikací s interaktivními simulátory spustitelnými přímo v inter-netovém prohlížeči na jakékoli platformě či operačním systému (notebooku, tabletu či chytrém telefonu), o níž jsme referovali v loňském ročníku MEDSOFT, V tomto sdělení tuto technologii popíšeme podrobněji a ukážeme i první aplikace.
The Impacts of Tax Examinations, Tax Sanctions and Tax Hostage (Gijzeling) on Taxpayers’ Formal Compliance
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are impacts of tax audits (X1), tax sanctions (X2), and tax holdings (X3), on formal compliance of taxpayers (Y). The population in this study is the taxpayers registered with KPP Cibitung who live in RW 030 Tambun South. The samples consist of 100 taxpayers using an explanatory sampling method. This type of research is quantitative. The data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25.0 program.

Based on data analysis, the results of this study indicate that partially tax audits (X1), tax sanctions (X2), and tax hostage (gijzeling) (X3) have a significant positive effect on taxpayers’ formal compliance (Y). Meanwhile simultaneously tax audits (X1), tax sanctions (X2) and tax hostage (gijzeling) (X3) have significant positive effects on taxpayers’ formal compliance of (Y), with an Adjusted R Square value of 0.444 or 44.4%.
ЦИРКОВЕ МИСТЕЦТВО У ПРОСТОРІ ТА ЧАСІ: ВІД КОЛІЗЕЮ ДО АМФІТЕАТРУ ЕСТЛІ; ВІД СКОМОРОХІВ ДО СУЧАСНОСТІ
Authors: Поспєлов Олег
Published: March 2020

У контексті дослідження особливостей розвитку циркового мистецтва і циркової справи на західноукраїнських землях кінця ХVІІІ–ХІХ ст. поставлено завдання простежити процес становлення циркового мистецтва на етнічній території України. Розглянуто проблематику визначення зв’язку сучасного циркового мистецтва України з мистецтвом скоморохів; зроблено спробу визначення ступеню «спорідненості» зв’язку цирку Нового часу з давньоримським цирком.З’ясовано, що через брак історичних відомостей не існує підстав пов’язувати творчість скоморохів із ґенезою професійного циркового мистецтва в Україні. Більш коректним є визначення витоків сучасного циркового мистецтва в перших гастрольних виступах на етнічній території України західноєвропейських акробатичних і циркових труп, які належать до другої пол. XVIII ст., виходячи зі значущості їх впливу на системність подальшого розвитку циркових жанрів і циркового мистецтва. Розглянуто і визначено спільні риси, відмінності і особливості цирку Нового часу і давньоримського цирку.
ХОРОВА ОБРОБКА НАРОДНОЇ ПІСНІ У ТВОРЧОСТІ ГЕОРГІЯ МІРЕЦЬКОГО: ШЛЯХАМИ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ СПАДЩИНИ МИТЦЯ
Authors: Мойсіюк Василь
Published: March 2020

Здійснено спробу увести до сучасного музикознавства деякі аналітичні огляди творчості першого професійного композитора Волині, лучанина Георгія Мірецького (1929–1978 рр.), чия активна діяльність охопила 1950–1970-ті рр. Розглянуто спадщину митця, яка повертається до концертного життя за ініціативи сина Олександра. Опрацьовано вибрані хорові обробки волинських народних пісень, що стали однією з вершин творчості (на прикладі «Як билина та тополя» ор. 85 і «Такі оченьки» ор. 90 та вирізнено специфіку вказаних творів у контексті української хорової спадщини. Підкреслено, що композитор використовував оригінальні техніко-композиційні прийоми – імітацію інструментального звучання, вставки-цитування інших народних пісень; його обробкам притаманне використання елементів імітаційності в хорових партіях при домінуючій гармонічній основі тощо. Твори є внеском митця до скарбниці українського музичного фольклоризму.
Editorial
Authors: Andaluz Echevarría Jorge
Published: March 2020

Tengo el agrado de presentar a la comunidad académica, la segunda edición de la Revista de la Escuela Superior de Guerra Naval, publicación que es desarrollada por un multidisciplinario grupo de profesionales relacionados principalmente al ámbito marítimo, naval y militar. Razón por la cual los temas son abordados desde diversas perspectivas, arrojando trabajos que exponen de manera técnica y pedagógica los resultados de diversas investigaciones y casos de estudio.
Explotación de los fondos marinos frente a las costas del Perú a partir de la adhesión a la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (CONVEMAR)
Authors: Acosta Urbina Rosa Inés
Published: March 2020

Hoy en día se conoce al Perú por su gran diversidad de recursos naturales y su adecuada ubicación geográfica, que lo convierten en un país potencialmente rico en su morfología terrestre como en el mar adyacente a sus costas. La minería y la pesca son las actividades que representan un porcentaje considerable en la economía del país, y existen estudios que confirman la existencia de yacimientos de nódulos polimetálicos en el Océano Pacífico, entre los yacimientos identificados algunos se encuentran ubicados en la zona contigua a la costa peruana. El propósito de este estudio de tipo cualitativo es analizar la importancia que tiene la adhesión del Perú a la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar CONVEMAR entidad que regula y controla toda actividad comercial que explota los recursos de los fondos marinos y fijan las autoridad Internacional de los Fondos Marinos ISA. Es importante comprender la potencialidad de la exploración e implicancia de la explotación de los recursos de los fondos marinos que se lleva acabo por La Marina de Guerra del Perú MGP a través del Buque de la Armada Peruana BAP “Carrasco”.
A single photonic perceptron based on a soliton crystal microcomb for scalable, high speed, optical neural networks
Authors: Moss David , xu xingyuan , tan mengxi , Wu Jiayang , Morandotti Roberto
Published: March 2020

Optical artificial neural networks (ONNs) — analog
computing hardware tailored for machine learning — have significant
potential for ultra-high computing speed and energy efficiency. We propose
a new approach to architectures for ONNs based on integrated Kerr micro-comb sources that is programmable, highly scalable and capable of reaching ultra-high
speeds. We experimentally demonstrate the building block of the ONN — a single neuron
perceptron — by mapping synapses onto 49 wavelengths of a micro-comb to achieve
a high single-unit throughput of 11.9 Giga-FLOPS at 8 bits per FLOP,
corresponding to 95.2 Gbps. We test the perceptron on simple standard benchmark
datasets — handwritten-digit recognition and cancer-cell detection — achieving
over 90% and 85% accuracy, respectively. This performance is a direct result of
the record small wavelength spacing (49GHz) for a coherent integrated microcomb
source, which results in an unprecedented number of wavelengths for
neuromorphic optics. Finally, we propose an approach to scaling the perceptron
to a deep learning network using the same single micro-comb device and standard
off-the-shelf telecommunications technology, for high-throughput operation
involving full matrix multiplication for applications such as real-time massive
data processing for unmanned vehicle and aircraft tracking.
Model of Prophylactic Efficiency of Influenza Virus Vaccine Corrected to the Antigenic Distance Hypothesis
Authors: Kolesin I. D. , Zhitkova E. M.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study is to find a quantitative relationship between antigenic distances (AD) and vaccination effectiveness (VE) and investigate the response of VE to changes in AD.

Material and methods. Through the epidemiological data of three influenza seasons in Canada, interpreted within the framework of the antigenic distance hypothesis (ADH), the introduction of the correction factor into the model for estimating VE was substantiated considering the antigenic relationship between the previous season vaccine (V1), the current season vaccine (V2) and the circulating epidemic strain (e).

Results. A quantitative relationship between VE and AD was found, reproducing the results of epidemiological observation of two groups of people: vaccinated in the previous and current seasons (V1+V2) and vaccinated only in the current season (0+V2). The difference in the response of VE to different indicators of AD was found and allowing to use only one significant indicator.

Conclusion. Тhe model proposed relates the microbiological indicators AD with epidemiological characteristic of VE. The model extends the analysis, allowing to use it as an assessment tool for the expected changes in vaccine effectiveness in various settings of the ADH hypothesis experiment.
Effect of Rabbit Immunization with Yeast Antigens on the Activity of the Fraction of Serum Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Arzumanian V. G. , Iksanova A. M. , Artemyeva T. A. , Butovchenko L. M.
Published: March 2020

The aim was to study the effect of rabbit immunization with different yeasts cells on overall antimicrobial serum activity and specific activity of antimicrobial peptides fraction.

Material and methods. Rabbits were immunized with cells of Candida albicans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Malassezia furfur, Cryptococcus neoformans, Geotrichum candidum, Trichosporon cutaneum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AMP fractions were obtained by filtration through 100 kDa filters. Overall activities of sera and their AMP-fractions were estimated spectrophotometrically.

Results. Overall serum antimicrobial activity had tendency to decrease after immunization independently from yeast species. Activity of AMP-fractions after immunization with C. albicans, Cr. neoformans, G. candi dum и S. ce revisiae increased, but with other yeasts — decreased. The highest sensitivity to AMP fraction cor res ponded to C. albicans, especially for serum of the rabbit immunized with this yeasts — 1,5-fold higher com pare to control. Serum albumin concentration showed the positive correlation with overall antimicrobial activity against C. albicans (r = 0,760), R. mucilaginosa (r = 0,728), M. furfur (r = 0,723) и T. cutaneum (r = 0,588).

Discussion. The results confirm our earlier data. Moreover, they expand current views on the effect of yeasts antigens on activity of serum AMP against different yeasts.

Conclusion. Serum albumin and serum AMP demonstrated the specificity toward different yeasts: maximal activity they showed towards specia which more often play opportunistic role.
Etiological and Epidemiological Characteristics of Lethality from Acute Viral Hepatitis, Kyrgyzstan, 2009−2018
Authors: Nogoibaeva К. A. , Tobokalova S. T.
Published: March 2020

Purpose. Study of the etiological structure of lethality from acute viral hepatitis and its comparison with morbidity and mortality for the period of 2009−2018.

Materials and methods. State Reporting Forms No. 1 “Report on Infectious, Parasitic and Non-Infectious Diseases” for the period of 2009−2018 were studied. The data was processed by the Microsoft Office Excel statistical package.

Results. In Kyrgyzstan, during the period of 2009−2018, 138,612 cases of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) were detected, of which 109 patients had fatal outcomes. In the general structure of the latter, the proportions of patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB 36.7%) and A (AHA, 35.7%) were approximately the same. In every fifth case, “unverified acute viral hepatitis (UAVH)” was diagnosed (22.9%). Acute hepatitis C (AHC) was the cause of death in 4 patients (3%), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in 1 patient. Among the deceased, there were no cases of hepatitis E. Lethality from AHB was recorded in 5 children, and from hepatitis C in one child. At the same time, 9 out of 25 patients with “Unverified Acute Viral Hepatitis” were children. Over the period of 2009−2018, the incidence of AHB was 31.3 times lower than that of all AVH in general (240.9 and 7.7⁰/0000, AVH and AHB, respectively), the mortality rate was 2.7 times lower (0.19 and 0.07⁰/0000, AVH and AHB, respectively), and the lethality rate was 11.4 times higher (7.9 and 89.8⁰/0000, AVH and AHB, respectively). The average incidence of AHB in children was 6.4 times lower (7.7 and 1.2⁰/0000, total and children, respectively), the mortality rate was 2.3 times lower (0.07 and 0.03⁰/0000, total and children, respectively), and the lethality rate was 1.8 times higher (89.8 and 165.9⁰/0000, total and children, respectively).

Conclusion. The existence of morbidity and lethality in adults and children from acute hepatitis indicates a high disease burden for the country. The high proportion of AHB and AHA in the structure of AVH mortality requires improving the quality of immunization of children and expanding the coverage of adults with vaccination against these viral hepatitis. The increase in lethality against the background of a tenfold decrease in the incidence of AVH points out that the number of patients who have died from this pathology does not decrease.
La Ley General de Educación veinte años después: una valoración a la luz del derecho humano a la educación
Authors: Ortiz Ilich , Vizcaíno Jaime Rafael
Published: March 2020

Aunque la Ley General de Educación representa un avance histórico en la legislación, semabstuvo de regular el derecho humano a la educación, y con ello dejó sin precisar la responsabilidad del Estado frente a su respeto, protección y garantía. Dos décadas después, no solamente no existe una Ley Estatutaria que lo regule, sino que un conjunto de distintas reformas han afectado las condiciones de su realización. Es el caso del financiamiento, que sufrió un importante ajuste, mediante el Acto Legislativo 01 y la Ley 715 de 2001, con lo cual se profundizó el subsidio a la demanda, en detrimento de las condiciones de la oferta, y restando dinamismo a los recursos que habían sido pactados para cerrar la brecha histórica de desfinanciamiento.
test 7
Authors: UB Open Science BOP-Admin
Published: March 2020

test 7
Kajian Karakteristik Fisik Dan Mekanik Pastefill Yang Digunakan Pada Penambangan Emas Bawah Tanah Metode Cut And Fill Di PT. Nusa Halmahera Minerals–Gosowong Halmahera
Authors: Karim Razak , Kusrima Anita
Published: March 2020

PT. Nusa Halmahera Minerals (NHM) merupakan perusahaan pertambangan emas yang beroperasi di daerah Kencana Gosowong Desa Tabobo Kecamatan Malifut Kabupaten Halmahera Utara Provinsi Maluku Utara. Dari hasil evaluasi, metode Underhand Cut and Fill (UCF) dipilih karena beberapa pertimbangan ; cash flow rendah, recovery tinggi, dan lebih aman saat berhadapan dengan kondisi batuan yang buruk. Namun permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah mengenai kekuatan material backfill jenis pastefill yang digunakan untuk bertindak sebagai atap dan dinding terowongan produksi bagi para pekerja dan peralatan yang berada disekitarnya. Kajian sifat fisik dan mekanik pastefill ini dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pengujian di Laboratorium Geomekanika Puslitbang Tekmira Kementerian ESDM di Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendukung kekuatan fisik dan mekanik pastefill yang digunakan untukmengisi ruang- ruang kosong pada terowongan produksi setelah pengambilan bijih emas. Hasil uji sifat fisik vulkanik tuff terlihat adanya peningkatan bobot isi dari kondisi kering ke kondisi jenuh rata-rata 0,17gr/cm3. Kadar air pun mengalami peningkatan dari kondisi natural ke kondisi jenuh rata-rata 20.82%, hal ini dikarenakan jumlah air yang masuk ke dalam pori-pori meningkat. Banyaknya kadar air asli rata-ratasebesar 23,83% dan kadar air jenuh rata-rata 44.65%, derajat kejenuhan berkisar 14.74–91.2% serta nilai porositasnya 38.12–43.94% dan angka pori rata-rata 0.7. Penggunaan pastefill untuk mengisi ruang-ruang kosong (stope) pada tambang emas bawah tanah Kencana harus dirancang dengan nilai c berkisar 0.5–2 MPa, t berkisar 0.05–0.2 MPa, kohesi (c) berkisar 0.07–0.3 MPa dan sudut gesek dalam (ϕ) berkisar300–450, sebagai persyaratan sifat mekanik untuk melakukan penambangan bijih disamping dinding pastefill harus memenuhi UCS minimal 0.5 MPa, sedangkan penambangan dibawah pastefill, UCSminimal 1.2 MPa. Blok pastefill di dalam stope yang diinterpretasi dari hasil uji diperoleh kondisi stabil untuk dilakukan penambangan dengan pastefill sebagai dinding terowongan yaitu kandungan semen 6%pada umur 14 hari, kandungan semen 12% pada umur 7 hari, dan kandungan semen 14% pada umur 3 hari. Sedangkan jika penambangan dilakukan dibawah pastefill atau sebagai atap terowongan menunjukkan kondisi tidak stabil kecuali persentase kandungan semen 14% pada umur 28 hari akan stabil, artinya penambangan dapat dilakukan pada umur pastefill antara 21-28 hari dengan diberi perkuatan. Desain sifat mekanik pastefill disesuaikan dengan rencana penambangan, jika sikluspenambangan membutuhkan waktu yang sangat cepat maka persentase semen akan dinaikkan, dan jika siklus penambangannya membutuhkan waktu yang lama, maka persentase semen akan dikurangi denganmenunggu umur pastefill mencapai kekuatan dan faktor keamanan yang dipersyaratkan untuk melakukan penambangan berikutnya, baik disamping maupun dibawahnya.
Pengaruh Pijat Bayi Terhadap Lama Tidur Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan di Desa Jemawan Kecamatan Jatinom Kabupaten Klaten
Authors: Istikhomah Henik
Published: March 2020

Background: Sleep is prime priority for baby, because when this moment occurs  repair neuro-brain and more or less 75% of growth hormone are produced. Considering the importance of sleep time for baby development, baby’s sleep needs must be fulfilled in order not to adversely affect growth and development. One of the way to fulfill baby’s sleep needs is baby massage. When baby massaged will increase serotonin secretion that will suppress the activity of the reticulation-activating system and causing sleepy. Purpose this study to knowing the effect of baby massage to the length of sleep of baby ages 3-6 month in Jemawan Village, Jatinom Sub-District, Klaten District. Methods: Quasy eksperiment research with one group pretest-posttest design. Sampling using saturated sampling technique with 32 babies. Bivariate analysis using non parametric statistic Wilcoxon test with an error rate of 5%. Baby massage is performed of baby ages 3-6 month throughout the baby’s body for 30 minutes, baby massage is doing 2 times a week in 4 weeks.Results: This study show results that the length of sleep of baby before doing massage is mostly less than 13 hours as much as 18 babies (56,25%) and the length of sleep of baby after doing massage is normal 13-15 hours as much as 27 babies (84,38%). The result of Wilcoxon test is p = 0,000 (p <0,05) that Ha accepted.Conclusion: There is effect of baby massage to the length of sleep of baby ages 3-6 month in Jemawan Village, Jatinom Sub-District, Klaten District.