bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Diaphragm-Type Boundary Pressure Transducer Under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Dave Trudeep N. , Dasaka Satyanarayana Murty
Published: June 2015

Investigation of soil–structure interaction involves understanding of the complicated rheology and functioning of the pressure sensing devices. As earth pressure cell (EPC) output is used to interpret the stress in the soil at the point of installation of cell, experiments involving careful calibration of the pressure cells are very crucial. In view of the importance of in-soil calibration, the present study is focused on developing a relationship between the applied stress and the measured output, when the soil is subjected to cyclic loading. The effect of soil type and its thickness on pressure cell output under cyclic loading is studied using two types of soils: sand and kaolin, and soil layer thickness in the range of 0.25 DEPC to 2.5 DEPC, where DEPC is the diameter of the EPC. In-soil calibration under the application of cyclic loading demonstrated substantial hysteresis and reduction in the EPC sensitivity. Increase in residual stresses is observed to increase with soil thickness after the first cycle. It is also observed that the critical thickness for a given EPC is not a unique value, but varies with soil type.
GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptors Regulate AMPA Receptor Traffic through Anchoring of the Synaptic Proteasome
Authors: Ferreira Joana S. , Schmidt Jeannette , Rio Pedro , Águas Rodolfo , Rooyakkers Amanda , Li Ka Wan , Smit August B. , Craig Ann Marie , Carvalho Ana Luisa
Published: June 2015

NMDA receptors play a central role in shaping the strength of synaptic connections throughout development and in mediating synaptic plasticity mechanisms that underlie some forms of learning and memory formation in the CNS. In the hippocampus and the neocortex, GluN1 is combined primarily with GluN2A and GluN2B, which are differentially expressed during development and confer distinct molecular and physiological properties to NMDA receptors. The contribution of each subunit to the synaptic traffic of NMDA receptors and therefore to their role during development and in synaptic plasticity is still controversial. We report a critical role for the GluN2B subunit in regulating NMDA receptor synaptic targeting. In the absence of GluN2B, the synaptic levels of AMPA receptors are increased and accompanied by decreased constitutive endocytosis of GluA1-AMPA receptor. We used quantitative proteomic analysis to identify changes in the composition of postsynaptic densities from GluN2B−/−mouse primary neuronal cultures and found altered levels of several ubiquitin proteasome system components, in particular decreased levels of proteasome subunits. Enhancing the proteasome activity with a novel proteasome activator restored the synaptic levels of AMPA receptors in GluN2B−/−neurons and their endocytosis, revealing that GluN2B-mediated anchoring of the synaptic proteasome is responsible for fine tuning AMPA receptor synaptic levels under basal conditions.
Trafficking of Na+/Ca2+Exchanger to the Site of Persistent Inflammation in Nociceptive Afferents
Authors: Scheff Nicole N. , Gold Michael S.
Published: June 2015

Persistent inflammation results in an increase in the amplitude and duration of depolarization-evoked Ca2+transients in putative nociceptive afferents. Previous data indicated that these changes were the result of neither increased neuronal excitability nor an increase in the amplitude of depolarization. Subsequent data also ruled out an increase in voltage-gated Ca2+currents and recruitment of Ca2+-induced Ca2+release. Parametric studies indicated that the inflammation-induced increase in the duration of the evoked Ca2+transient required a relatively large and long-lasting increase in the concentration of intracellular Ca2+implicating the Na+/Ca2+exchanger (NCX), a major Ca2+extrusion mechanism activated with high intracellular Ca2+loads. The contribution of NCX to the inflammation-induced increase in the evoked Ca2+transient in rat sensory neurons was tested using fura-2 AM imaging and electrophysiological recordings. Changes in NCX expression and protein were assessed with real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. An inflammation-induced decrease in NCX activity was observed in a subpopulation of putative nociceptive neurons innervating the site of inflammation. The time course of the decrease in NCX activity paralleled that of the inflammation-induced changes in nociceptive behavior. The change in NCX3 in the cell body was associated with a decrease in NCX3 protein in the ganglia, an increase in the peripheral nerve (sciatic) yet no change in the central root. This single response to inflammation is associated with changes in at least three different segments of the primary afferent, all of which are likely to contribute to the dynamic response to persistent inflammation.
Microglia Disrupt Mesolimbic Reward Circuitry in Chronic Pain
Authors: Taylor Anna M. W. , Castonguay Annie , Taylor Alison J. , Murphy Niall P. , Ghogha Atefeh , Cook Christopher , Xue Lihua , Olmstead Mary C. , De Koninck Yves , Evans Christopher J. , Cahill Catherine M.
Published: June 2015

Chronic pain attenuates midbrain dopamine (DA) transmission, as evidenced by a decrease in opioid-evoked DA release in the ventral striatum, suggesting that the occurrence of chronic pain impairs reward-related behaviors. However, mechanisms by which pain modifies DA transmission remain elusive. Usingin vivomicrodialysis and microinjection of drugs into the mesolimbic DA system, we demonstrate in mice and rats that microglial activation in the VTA compromises not only opioid-evoked release of DA, but also other DA-stimulating drugs, such as cocaine. Our data show that loss of stimulated extracellular DA is due to impaired chloride homeostasis in midbrain GABAergic interneurons. Treatment with minocycline or interfering with BDNF signaling restored chloride transport within these neurons and recovered DA-dependent reward behavior. Our findings demonstrate that a peripheral nerve injury causes activated microglia within reward circuitry that result in disruption of dopaminergic signaling and reward behavior. These results have broad implications that are not restricted to the problem of pain, but are also relevant to affective disorders associated with disruption of reward circuitry. Because chronic pain causes glial activation in areas of the CNS important for mood and affect, our findings may translate to other disorders, including anxiety and depression, that demonstrate high comorbidity with chronic pain.
Shared Sensory Estimates for Human Motion Perception and Pursuit Eye Movements
Authors: Mukherjee Trishna , Battifarano Matthew , Simoncini Claudio , Osborne Leslie C.
Published: June 2015

Are sensory estimates formed centrally in the brain and then shared between perceptual and motor pathways or is centrally represented sensory activity decoded independently to drive awareness and action? Questions about the brain's information flow pose a challenge because systems-level estimates of environmental signals are only accessible indirectly as behavior. Assessing whether sensory estimates are shared between perceptual and motor circuits requires comparing perceptual reports with motor behavior arising from the same sensory activity. Extrastriate visual cortex both mediates the perception of visual motion and provides the visual inputs for behaviors such as smooth pursuit eye movements. Pursuit has been a valuable testing ground for theories of sensory information processing because the neural circuits and physiological response properties of motion-responsive cortical areas are well studied, sensory estimates of visual motion signals are formed quickly, and the initiation of pursuit is closely coupled to sensory estimates of target motion. Here, we analyzed variability in visually driven smooth pursuit and perceptual reports of target direction and speed in human subjects while we manipulated the signal-to-noise level of motion estimates. Comparable levels of variability throughout viewing time and across conditions provide evidence for shared noise sources in the perception and action pathways arising from a common sensory estimate. We found that conditions that create poor, low-gain pursuit create a discrepancy between the precision of perception and that of pursuit. Differences in pursuit gain arising from differences in optic flow strength in the stimulus reconcile much of the controversy on this topic.
Synergy of Direct and Indirect Cholinergic Septo-Hippocampal Pathways Coordinates Firing in Hippocampal Networks
Authors: Dannenberg Holger , Pabst Milan , Braganza Oliver , Schoch Susanne , Niediek Johannes , Bayraktar Melike , Mormann Florian , Beck Heinz
Published: June 2015

The medial septum/diagonal band of Broca complex (MSDB) is a key structure that modulates hippocampal rhythmogenesis. Cholinergic neurons of the MSDB play a central role in generating and pacing theta-band oscillations in the hippocampal formation during exploration, novelty detection, and memory encoding. How precisely cholinergic neurons affect hippocampal network dynamicsin vivo, however, has remained elusive. In this study, we show that stimulation of cholinergic MSDB neurons in urethane-anesthetized mice acts on hippocampal networks via two distinct pathways. A direct septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection causes increased firing of hippocampal inhibitory interneurons with concomitantly decreased firing of principal cells. In addition, cholinergic neurons recruit noncholinergic neurons within the MSDB. This indirect pathway is required for hippocampal theta synchronization. Activation of both pathways causes a reduction in pyramidal neuron firing and a more precise coupling to the theta oscillatory phase. These two anatomically and functionally distinct pathways are likely relevant for cholinergic control of encoding versus retrieval modes in the hippocampus.
Autocrine Action of BDNF on Dendrite Development of Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Wang Liang , Chang Xingya , She Liang , Xu Duo , Huang Wei , Poo Mu-ming
Published: June 2015

Dendrite development of newborn granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus of adult hippocampus is critical for their incorporation into existing hippocampal circuits, but the cellular mechanisms regulating their dendrite development remains largely unclear. In this study, we examined the function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is expressed in adult-born GCs, in regulating their dendrite morphogenesis. Using retrovirus-mediated gene transfection, we found that deletion and overexpression of BDNF in adult-born GCs resulted in the reduction and elevation of dendrite growth, respectively. This effect was mainly due to the autocrine rather than paracrine action of BDNF, because deletion of BDNF only in the newborn GCs resulted in dendrite abnormality of these neurons to a similar extent as that observed in conditional knockout (cKO) mice with BDNF deleted in the entire forebrain. Furthermore, selective expression of BDNF in adult-born GCs in BDNF cKO mice fully restored normal dendrite development. The BDNF autocrine action was also required for the development of normal density of spines and normal percentage of spines containing the postsynaptic marker PSD-95, suggesting autocrine BDNF regulation of synaptogenesis. Furthermore, increased dendrite growth of adult-born GCs caused by voluntary exercise was abolished by BDNF deletion specifically in these neurons and elevated dendrite growth due to BDNF overexpression in these neurons was prevented by reducing neuronal activity with coexpression of inward rectifier potassium channels, consistent with activity-dependent autocrine BDNF secretion. Therefore, BDNF expressed in adult-born GCs plays a critical role in dendrite development by acting as an autocrine factor.
Modulation of the Intracortical LFP during Action Execution and Observation
Authors: Waldert Stephan , Vigneswaran Ganesh , Philipp Roland , Lemon Roger N. , Kraskov Alexander
Published: June 2015

The activity of mirror neurons in macaque ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) is modulated by the observation of another's movements. This modulation could underpin well documented changes in EEG/MEG activity indicating the existence of a mirror neuron system in humans. Because the local field potential (LFP) represents an important link between macaque single neuron and human noninvasive studies, we focused on mirror properties of intracortical LFPs recorded in the PMv and M1 hand regions in two macaques while they reached, grasped and held different objects, or observed the same actions performed by an experimenter. Upper limb EMGs were recorded to control for covert muscle activity during observation.

The movement-related potential (MRP), investigated as intracortical low-frequency LFP activity (<9 Hz), was modulated in both M1 and PMv, not only during action execution but also during action observation. Moreover, the temporal LFP modulations during execution and observation were highly correlated in both cortical areas. Beta power in both PMv and M1 was clearly modulated in both conditions. Although the MRP was detected only during dynamic periods of the task (reach/grasp/release), beta decreased during dynamic and increased during static periods (hold).

Comparison of LFPs for different grasps provided evidence for partially nonoverlapping networks being active during execution and observation, which might be related to different inputs to motor areas during these conditions. We found substantial information about grasp in the MRP corroborating its suitability for brain–machine interfaces, although information about grasp was generally low during action observation.
Consequences of prematurity in the establishment of the affective bond between teenage mothers and newborns
Authors: Barroso Monique Linhares , Pontes Aline Lopes de , Rolim Karla Maria Carneiro
Published: June 2015

Objective: to grasp under the maternal perception the consequences of prematurity in the establishment of the affectivebond between adolescent mothers/premature babies. Methods: descriptive exploratory study, of qualitative nature, withthe participation of ten teenage mothers whose newborn preterm infants had been hospitalized in neonatal care units.Subjects were interviewed and one obtained identification data and used issues related to the affective bond betweenmothers and children. Results: mothers have different perceptions about their children’s suffering and consider prematuritya serious problem that hinders the affective bond between mothers/babies. Conclusion: the nursing team must rethinktheir practices, seeking opportunities for scientific and emotional growth, aiming to promote the mother’s stay in the unit,the establishment of the link between teenage mothers/babies and encouraging mothers to have active participation in therecovery of their children.
Parents’ experience confronting child burning situation
Authors: Oliveira Valdira Vieira de , Fonseca Ariadne Da Silva , Leite Maísa Tavares de Souza , Santos Luciana Soares dos , Fonseca Adélia Dayane Guimarães , Ohara Conceição Vieira da Silva
Published: June 2015

Objective: to understand experiences of parents in a child burning situation during the hospitalization process. Methods:phenomenological research in view of Martin Heidegger, held with seven assisting parents at a pediatrics unit of a generalhospital in Montes Claros. The information was obtained by phenomenological interview, containing the question guide:“What does it mean to you being with a son who is suffering with burns?”. Results: during the experience, parents revealedanguish, fear, helplessness, concerns and expectations of “being-in-the-world”. Conclusion: respect, understanding and carefrom the health team were fundamental for the adaptation and the confrontation demanded by the consequent suffering ofthe event.
Sexual violence against women: nurses’ practice
Authors: Baptista Rosilene Santos , Chaves Olga Benário Batista de Melo , França Inacia Sátiro Xavier de , Sousa Francisco Stélio de , Oliveira Michelly Guedes de , Leite Carla Carolina da Silva
Published: June 2015

Objective: to investigate the nurses’ practice regarding sexual violence against women. Methods: quantitative cross-sectionalresearch conducted with 27 nurses in six Primary Care Units from each of the health districts of a city in the countryside ofthe Northeast Region of Brazil. Data collection took place from October to November 2011 through a questionnaire. Results:among the respondents, 96.3% recognized that it is their role to investigate it; 22.2% of nurses questioned their patientsabout the violence; 85.1% treated suspected and/or confirmed cases; and 15.8% used some protocol during the service. Only18.5% felt able to treat cases of sexual violence. Conclusion: there were difficulties for the referral of cases and treatmentrecommendations. Thus, in-service training and dissemination of educational/informative material are mandatory.
Quality of life of an institution hypertensive older women long stay
Authors: Visentin Angelita , Mantovani Maria De Fátima , Caveião Cristiano , Mendes Thatiane Aparecida , Neves Aline Silvério , Hey Ana Paula
Published: June 2015

Objective: to identifying the quality of life of hypertensive elderly women´s residents in a long-stay institution. Method: itwas conducted a case study, cross-sectional quantitative study. The research began in held in an institution of long stay in thecity of Curitiba and data were collected a validated instrument. The study included 12 hypertensive elderly. Results: Showedthat, for the elderly, even with intercurrent illness, quality of life remained at average rates when analyzed the differentareas. That most contributes in the results was the Social, followed by the Psychological and of the Physical Environment.The majority of older women is satisfied with their quality of life as being cited as well with their body image. Conclusion:nursing work is identifying the factors that interfere conditions of quality of life of older and proposing interventions ininstitutions.
Organization of Nursing work regarding the integration of family care for hospitalized children
Authors: Silva Janaína Lopes da , Santos Emelynne Gabrielly de Oliveira , Rocha Cintia Capistrano Teixeira , Valença Cecília Nogueira , Júnior Osvaldo De Góes Bay
Published: June 2015

Objective: to discuss the organization of Nursing technician’s work in the interface of the care of family members ofhospitalized children and to identify their perception of the insertion of family in caring for this child. Methods: this is anexploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach, undertaken in the pediatric inpatient unit of a university hospitalwith six Nursing technicians, through semi-structured interviews. Results: professionals realized the importance of thefamily’s presence for the child’s recovery; however, in basic care which was previously developed by Nursing, they wereeventually delegated to be companions, with care for the child-family binomial forgotten by the professional. Conclusion:nursing technicians recognize the benefits and difficulties of the presence of a companion. However, it is perceived that therewas a lack of professional preparation when considering the binomial of child-family during hospitalization.
Family knowledge on newborn care
Authors: Gomes Ana Leticia Monteiro , Rocha Cristiane Rodrigues da , Henrique Danielle De Mendonça , Santos Mirza Almeida , Silva Leila Rangel da
Published: June 2015

Objective: analyzing the knowledge that families acquired on newborn care, before and after their participation in a motherfather-infant welcoming group. Methods: a quantitative and descriptive study that took place in a municipal health center,with 27 participants. Data were collected by a questionnaire applied before and after the educational activity, and wasanalyzed by comparing the answers of the items. Results: care actions properly modified were: the use of baby powder, soap,tea, objects in the navel, sun bathing time, correct hygiene of male genitalia, attention to child’s records and physiologicaleliminations. Conclusion: the families reported positive changes in newborn care through participation in health educationactivities, suggesting that the activity developed with caregivers can reduce risks to the health of newborn babies.
Hyponatremia and mortality risk: a Danish cohort study of 279 508 acutely hospitalized patients
Authors: Holland-Bill Louise , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe , Ulrichsen Sinna Pilgaard , Ring Troels , Jørgensen Jens Otto L , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: June 2015

Objective

We aimed to investigate the impact of hyponatremia severity on mortality risk and assess any evidence of a dose–response relation, utilizing prospectively collected data from population-based registries.

Design

Cohort study of 279 508 first-time acute admissions to Departments of Internal Medicine in the North and Central Denmark Regions from 2006 to 2011.

Methods

We used the Kaplan–Meier method (1 – survival function) to compute 30-day and 1-year mortality in patients with normonatremia and categories of increasing hyponatremia severity. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs, adjusted for age, gender and previous morbidities, and stratified by clinical subgroups were estimated by the pseudo-value approach. The probability of death was estimated treating serum sodium as a continuous variable.

Results

The prevalence of admission hyponatremia was 15% (41 803 patients). Thirty-day mortality was 3.6% in normonatremic patients compared to 7.3, 10.0, 10.4 and 9.6% in patients with serum sodium levels of 130–134.9, 125–129.9, 120–124.9 and <120 mmol/l, resulting in adjusted RRs of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3–1.4), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.6–1.8), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.4–1.9) and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1–1.5) respectively. Mortality risk was increased across virtually all clinical subgroups, and remained increased by 30–40% 1 year after admission. The probability of death increased when serum sodium decreased from 139 to 132 mmol/l. No clear increase in mortality was observed for lower concentrations.

Conclusions

Hyponatremia is highly prevalent among patients admitted to Departments of Internal Medicine and is associated with increased 30-day and 1-year mortality risk, regardless of underlying disease. This risk seems independent of hyponatremia severity.
Efficacy of Interferon A-2b Monotherapy in Β-Thalassemics with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Kalafateli Maria , Kourakli Alexandra , Gatselis Nikolaos , Lambropoulou Polixeni , Thomopoulos Konstantinos , Tsamandas Athanasios , Christofidou Mirto , Zachou Kalliopi , Jelastopoulou Eleni , Nikolopoulou Vasiliki , Symeonidis Argiris , Dalekos George N. , Lambropoulou-Karatza Chrissoula , Triantos Christos
Published: June 2015

Background & Aims: Monotherapy with standard or pegylated interferon (PegIFN) remains the first-line treatment for HCV infection in patients with thalassemia major (ßTM), although its long-term impact is still unknown. We aimed to assess the efficacy of IFN-a2b/PegIFN-a2b (one or multiple treatment sessions) and the predictors for sustained virological response (SVR) in HCV-infected βTM patients.Methods: Between 11/1992 and 12/2013 [median follow-up: 165.5 months (8-237)], 48 βTM HCV-infected patients [19 males, median age: 22 years (12-45)], received IFN-a2b (n=34) or PegIFN-a2b (n=14). Twenty-three patients (47.9%) had a previous splenectomy; 13/40 (32.5%) patients had Ishak stage ≥4 and 21/40 (52.5%) had siderosis grade 3-4. HCV-genotype was available in 36 patients (genotype 1: 47.2%, 2: 5.6%, 3: 25%, and 4: 22%). IL28B genotype was determined in 37 patients by means of in-house real-time PCR (CC: 27%, CT: 62.2%, TT: 10.8%).Results: Totally, 15/48 (31.3%) achieved SVR following the first treatment and 18/48 (37.5%) after multiple courses. Splenectomy (p=0.01) and fibrosis grade ≥4 (p<0.05) were negative predictors for SVR (first course), whereas splenectomy (p<0.05) and age >18 (p<0.02) for SVR after multiple courses. In HCV-genotype 1/4 (n=25), none of the patients with CT or TT IL28B genotype achieved SVR compared to 50% of the CC patients (p=0.004).Conclusions: Interferon is an effective therapeutic option in HCV-infected ßTM patients. IL28B genotype was a strong predictor for SVR, together with splenectomy, age and fibrosis.
Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases is much More than Levels of Hemoglobin
Authors: Bager Palle
Published: June 2015

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A Case of Primary Pancreatic non-Hodgkin B-cell Lymphoma Mimicking Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Authors: Anderloni Andrea , Genco Chiara , Ballarè Marco , Carmagnola Stefania , Battista Serena , Repici Alessandro
Published: June 2015

Non Hodgkin lymphoma frequently involves the gastrointestinal tract, in particular the stomach and the small bowel. Rarely, it can also be a cause of pancreatic masses. Clinical presentation is often non-specific and may overlap with other pancreatic conditions such as carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumours and autoimmune pancreatitis. We report a case of primary pancreatic lymphoma in a young woman with jaundice, fever and abdominal pain mimicking autoimmune pancreatitis. Clinical evaluation included the abdominal Computed Tomography scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy that revealed a large duodenal mass. Endoscopic biopsies were performed and eventually histological examination was coherent with a diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma.
An Unusual Cause of Bleeding from the Duodenum: Pyogenic Granuloma
Authors: Van Vliet Evelyn P.M. , Arensman Rene , Pullens Hendrikus J.M.
Published: June 2015

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Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of the Heterotopic Pancreas in the Esophagus: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ulrych Jan , Fryba Vladimir , Skalova Helena , Krska Zdenek , Krechler Tomas , Zogala David
Published: June 2015

Heterotopic pancreas is a congenital pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly rare in the esophagus. Both symptomatology and findings during preoperative examinations are non-specific and therefore do not often lead to an accurate diagnosis, which is usually revealed only by histopathological assessment of a resected specimen. We report an unusual case of a patient suffering from severe dysphagia caused by heterotopic pancreas in the distal esophagus with chronic inflammation and foci of premalignant changes. This article also reviews 14 adult cases of heterotopic pancreas in the esophagus previously reported in the literature, with the aim of determining the clinical features of this disease and possible complications including rare premalignant lesions and malignant transformation. Especially with regard to those complications, we suggest that both symptomatic and incidentally found asymptomatic lesions should be resected.
Coagulation Parameters in Wilson Disease
Authors: Schaefer Mark , Weber Laura , Gotthardt Daniel , Seessle Jessica , Stremmel Wolfgang , Pfeiffenberger Jan , Weiss Karl Heinz
Published: June 2015

Background & Aims: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. Alterations of copper metabolism have been associated with changes in coagulation factors. The aim of the present study was the analysis of coagulation factors in WD patients.Methods: 100 patients attending a tertiary WD outpatient clinic were analyzed in a prospective cross sectional cohort study. Out of peripheral venous blood samples coagulation factors were assessed including: full blood count, INR, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), clotting factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, von Willebrand factor/-antigen, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein S, protein C, activated protein C (APC) resistance. Subgroup analyses of the blood tests were performed for sex, initial clinical presentation, WD treatment and liver function.Results: Subgroup analysis by liver function showed decreased levels of factors II, V, VII and X. Subgroup analysis by gender or clinical course of the disease did not reveal significant coagulation changes. In patients treated with trientine significantly decreased levels of factors II, VII and antithrombin III and increased von Willebrand factor/-antigen levels were detected. Factor VIII levels were significantly reduced in patients receiving zinc.Conclusion: Although significant differences of some coagulation parameters in subgroup analysis were found, no clinically relevant alterations of the coagulation system in WD patients could be detected.
El acto de habla de la diatriba de hablante femenino en un contexto matrimonial en crisis: el caso de Diatriba de amor contra un hombre sentado, de Gabriel García Márquez
Authors: Cuvardic García Dorde
Published: June 2015

El monólogo teatral siempre ha expresado las confesiones íntimas de sus hablantes. Es la función que también adquiere en Diatriba de amor contra un hombre sentado, la única obra teatral de Gabriel García Márquez y uno de los textos del autor colombiano que menor atención crítica ha recibido. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar este monólogo desde la pragmática literaria, entendiendo la diatriba como un acto de habla expresivo determinado por los papeles de sus protagonistas y por los específicos recursos enunciativos, temáticos y retóricos utilizados por el hablante. En el texto que nos ocupa, la diatriba es emitida por una esposa, en el marco de una crisis matrimonial. Como denuncia del machismo de la cultura patriarcal latinoamericana, se puede entender, en consecuencia, como una resemantización feminista de las tradicionales diatribas misóginas.
Evaluation of Herbicide Options for Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) Control in Rice
Authors: Willingham Samuel D. , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Carson Katherine S. , Cogdill Todd J. , McCauley Garry N. , Chandler James M.
Published: June 2015

Alligatorweed is a perennial, invasive weed in southern United States rice production, but knowledge on effective management of this weed is limited, especially in conventional (non-imidazolinone-resistant) rice fields. Field studies were conducted in multiple environments in southeastern Texas to evaluate different herbicide options involving penoxsulam, propanil, triclopyr, halosulfuron, bispyribac-sodium, bensulfuron, and quinclorac for alligatorweed control in conventional drill-seeded rice when applied at early POST (EPOST), late POST (LPOST), or both. Among the herbicide options evaluated, penoxsulam alone (up to 83%), penoxsulam plus triclopyr (up to 87%), or bispyribac-sodium plus triclopyr (92%) provided superior alligatorweed control. Plots treated with penoxsulam plus triclopyr EPOST produced the highest yields (9,550 kg ha−1), which were comparable to plots receiving penoxsulam plus triclopyr LPOST (9,320 kg ha−1), penoxsulam alone EPOST (9,280 kg ha−1), and penoxsulam plus halosulfuron LPOST (9,180 kg ha−1). Considering both weed control and rice grain yields, penoxsulam plus triclopyr applied EPOST was found to be the best option among the treatments tested. The treatments bensulfuron alone, bensulfuron plus propanil, penoxsulam plus propanil, triclopyr plus propanil, and bispyribac-sodium plus propanil provided poor (≤ 65%) alligatorweed control. Results also suggest the likelihood for antagonistic interactions when tank-mix combinations tested in this study included propanil.
Influence of Droplet Size on Efficacy of the Formulated Products Engenia™, Roundup PowerMax®, and Liberty®
Authors: Meyer Chris J. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Kruger Greg R. , Barber Tom
Published: June 2015

As auxin-type herbicide-resistant crops become commercially available, nozzle selection will become a highly important variable for maintaining efficacy of herbicide solutions while minimizing off-target movement. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Keiser, AR, to evaluate interactions among theN,N-bis-(aminopropyl)methylamine form of dicamba formulated as Engenia™, the potassium salt of glyphosate formulated as Roundup PowerMax®, and glufosinate formulated as Liberty®applied with three different nozzle types. Three TeeJet nozzles with an 11004 orifice (Turbo TeeJet [TT], Air Induction Extended Range [AIXR], and Turbo TeeJet Induction [TTI]) were used. To supplement the field data, droplet spectra for each nozzle and tank mixture combination were determined at the West Central Research and Extension Center in North Platte, NE. For most herbicide treatments and nozzle combinations, Palmer amaranth control 4 wk after treatment was > 95% both years. In 2013, TT nozzles provided 96% control of barnyardgrass and TTI nozzles provided 89% control, averaged across herbicides, except for Engenia alone. A similar effect of nozzle selection was observed in 2014. When treatments were applied to 20-cm-tall barnyardgrass in 2014, compared with 8-cm-tall plants in 2013, an antagonistic effect was observed when Engenia was tank-mixed with Roundup PowerMax. The weed control data correlated with the droplet spectrum analysis such that as volume median diameter (Dv50) increased from TT nozzles to the TTI nozzles, efficacy decreased for most tank mixtures. Results from the droplet analysis showed thatDv50relative to water decreased for Liberty alone and not when tank-mixed with Engenia or Roundup PowerMax. These results suggest that nozzle selection will play a key role in maximizing efficacy of POST applications in dicamba-resistant crops. Additionally, evaluating droplet spectra of potential dicamba-containing tank mixtures is critical for producing desired droplet size to minimize off-target movement.
MEDIDAS PARA PREVENÇÃO, CURA E CONTROLE DA PESTE NO SÉCULO XVI:UM ESTUDO SOBRE A RECOPILAÇAM DOS TRATADOS DE PESTE DE ÁLVARES & SALZEDO
Authors: Rosa Maria Carlota
Published: June 2015

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar ao leitor o contexto que gerou o tratado quinhentista denominado Recopilaçam das cousas que conuem guardar se no modo de preseruar à Cidade de Lixboa. E os sãos, & curar os que esteuerem enfermos de Peste, escrita por Tomás Álvares (fl. 15--) e García Salzedo y Coronel (fl. 15-).
A dicotomia do “certo x errado” em cursos preparatórios de Língua Portuguesa para docentes: estímulo de preconceitos?
Authors: Dal Picol Greyce
Published: June 2015

Os estudos sobre variação e preconceito linguístico já se fazem bem conhecidos e divulgados nos meios acadêmicos, principalmente, nos últimos anos. Este artigo, por outro lado, busca demonstrar que sua real compreensão ainda não é clara para os próprios profissionais da educação, fato esse que pode ser observado em cursos preparatórios de Língua Portuguesa, geradores de opiniões sem fundamento científico que podem transformar o preconceito em estigma social levado para a sala de aula, gerando ideais linguísticos distantes da realidade e dos reais e devidos usos e trabalhos com o Português Brasileiro.
Forma y Color: La Grisalla en la Pintura; Aproximación a un Procedimiento Inadvertido
Authors: Torres Carceller Andrés
Published: June 2015

Aunque se asocie el término grisalla con pintura monocroma, también es un procedimiento de pintura policroma, con la particularidad que divide el proceso de trabajo en dos fases diferenciadas, tratando por separado la forma y el color. Pese a su actual desconocimiento, esta variante ha sido uno de los métodos predilectos de los pintores desde la Edad Media hasta el siglo XVII; manteniéndose viva hasta nuestros días. En este artículo pretendemos aclarar esta cara oculta de la grisalla, secuenciando su proceso de trabajo -y sus variantes-, exponiendo sus rasgos más significativos; constatando la transversalidad de su principio, al ser adaptado a la pintura de vitrales, ilustraciones, grabados, esmaltes e incluso la fotografía y el cine. Así como señalar su orígenes y las principales características que ha ido adoptando a lo largo del tiempo.
In Memoriam 2
Authors: Nogué Font Àlex
Published: June 2015

Los colores verdes y el aire agradable del mes de mayo de 2015 en Cataluña se han teñido de tristeza por la pérdida de tres compañeros, artistas y docentes. Jaume Coll i Puig (1937-2015), catedrático de escultura y ex-decano de la Facultad de Bellas artes de la Universitat de Barcelona, Lluís Badosa i Conill (1945-2015) catedrático de Pintura y ex-decano de la Facultad de Bellas artes de Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea y Pere Falcó i Golondrina (1933-2015) catedrático de Dibujo y ex-decano de la Facultad de Bellas artes de la Universitat de Barcelona.La revista BRAC expresa con esta aportación visual la estimación y el reconocimiento para sus tareas creativas y docentes.
Térhasználat és szimbolikus szuverenitás
Authors: A. Gergely András
Published: June 2015

A tanulmány politikai antropológus szerzője elméleti kutatásnak veti alá a hazai térbeli identitások elméleti fogalmait, szimbolizációs és narratív viszonyrendszerét. A politikai cselekvések, projektek és önreprezentációs törekvések térbeliségének leképezése számos utat kínál az egyes szubkultúrák, értelmező közösségek politikai megjelenése számára. A szervezett politikai közélet és ennek kommunikációs univerzuma Magyarországon több időszakra bontható kapcsolatot mutat a diktatorikus, demokratikus, illetve a haladó és jelképekbe öltöztetett periódusokban, hasonlóképpen a tér antropológiáját politikai kontextusban vizsgálók tapasztalataihoz. A hatalom (hatalmi rendszer) megannyi térbeli megjelenítődése, az állam mindenhatóságának új nemzeti víziója ugyanakkor napjainkban is magába foglalja a haladásfogalom politikusok formálta térkiterjesztési eszközének szimbolikus politikai használatát
A térbeliség trialektikája
Authors: Berki Márton
Published: June 2015

A tér, térbeliség témaköre a földrajzi vizsgálódás egyik időről időre visszatérő motívuma. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a hazai szakirodalomban részleteiben ez idáig kevésbé tárgyalt – a nyugati társadalomföldrajzban ugyanakkor rendkívül nagy hatású – koncepciók egyikét, a térbeliség trialektikáját. E térszemléleti keret alapvetően két meghatározó elgondolás együttállásából eredeztethető: egyrészt a társadalomtudományokban az 1970-es évektől egyre elterjedtebb szociálkonstruktivista megközelítésekből, másrészt a posztmodern szellemi áramlatokban gyökerező trialektikus gondolkodásból. Tanulmányomban ezek vázlatos áttekintését követően két szerző, a francia neomarxista filozófus-szociológus Henri Lefebvre, valamint Edward Soja amerikai geográfus munkássága nyomán mutatom be a koncepciót, amelynek lényege, hogy a térbeliség három szemléleti módját különbözteti meg. E sajátos nézőpontok a következők: a tér, ahogyan azt érzékeljük, a tér, ahogyan arról gondolkodunk, illetve a tér, ahogyan azt megéljük, használjuk.
A magyarországi fúziók és felvásárlások térbeli jellemzőinek vizsgálata az 1997 és 2013 közötti időszakban
Authors: Kucséber László Zoltán
Published: June 2015

A tanulmány célja a Magyarországon az 1997 és 2013 között létrejött fúziók és felvásárlások (M&A, mergers and acquisitions) térbeli jellemzőinek és összefüggéseinek a vizsgálata. Az elemzés során 730 M&A-tranzakciót vettem górcső alá, amelyhez a Gazdasági Versenyhivatal versenyjogi határozatai adtak kiindulási alapot. Vizsgáltam a magyarországi M&A-tranzakciók térbeli sajátosságai mellett az ágazati és a pénzügyi (felvásárolt részesedések) jellemzőit és a közöttük levő összefüggéseket is.A tanulmány három egységből épül fel. Az első rész a szakirodalmi áttekintés, a második részben bemutatom a vizsgálatok során alkalmazott módszertant és a kapott eredményeket, a harmadik egységben az eredmények időbeli és térbeli összehasonlítására kerül sor.A vizsgált időszakban Magyarország kedvelt célpont volt a külföldi felvásárlók körében: a felvásárlók több mint 70%-a külföldi vállalat. Európai uniós országokban van a székhelye a külföldi vállalatok több mint 80%-ának. A felvásárló társaságok átlagosan 81%-os részesedést szereztek a céltársaságokban. A statisztikai vizsgálat eredményei azt mutatják, hogy a térbeli jellemzők (a felvásárló bázisországa és a külföldi leányvállalatok regionális eloszlása) nem voltak hatással a céltársaságban megvásárolt részesedésekre. A legtöbb M&A a feldolgozóiparban, a kereskedelemben és a logisztikai szektorban történt. A feldolgozóiparban a legtöbb M&A a Benelux államokból, Németországból és Olaszországból származik. A kereskedelmi szektorban kiemelkedő Németország (30%) és Franciaország (16%) jelenléte. A felvásárlások regionális megoszlása a területi egyenlőtlenségeket tovább erősítette Magyarországon.
La geografía de Bélgica desde el estudio de las desigualdades económicas regionales y el sistema urbano
Authors: López Trigal Lorenzo
Published: June 2015

El estudio de un pequeño pero significativo país que ha aprovechado su renta de situación, destacando como territorio con vocación de tránsito, y su capital se ha convertido en plataforma central de Estados europeos (CE) y aún del hemisferio occidental (OTAN); a la vez que conviven en el comunidades culturales diferentes que plantean conflictos lingüísticos peculiares, y donde asimismo fruto de los diferentes ritmos de desarrollo industrial se han reforzado en los últimos años los desequilibrios regionales entre Flandes y Valonia, precisamente las regiones lingüísticas enfrentadas, lo que consolida a su vez el papel de Bruselas como ciudad mediadora y central también a la escala nacional belga.
Cambios en la estructura agraria de León durante la última década
Authors: Maya Frades Antonio
Published: June 2015

Se analiza la estructura agraria y los cambios ocurridos en el sector agrario de la provincia y de las comarcas de León durante la última década. Se han utilizado como fuentes de información los Censos Agrarios, en particular el de 1989, que han servido para conocer la evolución y el tamaño de las explotaciones agrarias, la estructura de los regímenes de tenencia, la parcelación y la organización actual del espacio, en concreto las transformaciones que ha habido en el terrazgo. También se han estudiado las mejoras introducidas en la agricultura, que han influido en su modernización, en el incremento de los gastos fuera de la unidad de producción y en su integración en el conjunto del sistema económico.
El proceso de desarticulación de las bases económicas tradicionales y sus posibles alternativas en Los Ancares leoneses
Authors: González Ramos José Ignacio , González Vecín Joaquín
Published: June 2015

En el presente estudio se pretende analizar la evolución espectacularmente negativa de la población, que ha pasado en pocas décadas de una situación de superpoblación, a otra de despoblación y grave envejecimiento, sin perspectivas de relevo generacional.

La desarticulación de la economía y el modo de producción tradicional, sin que haya sido sustituido por otro nuevo, perviviendo aquél, pero totalmente degradado.

Uno de los factores que han contribuido y contribuyen a mantener la degradación, la desarticulación y la despoblación de los Ancares, es sin duda el régimen de tenencia de la tierra y los usos del suelo, que perduran como un anacronismo y contribuyen a bloquear posibles alternativas para transformar la comarca.

Algunas de estas alternativas agrícola-ganaderas, artesanales y turísticas constituyen la propuesta final de este trabajo. Sustentadas en el análisis científico de las estadísticas, elaboradas a partir de las distintas fuentes consultadas y de las encuestas y entrevistas realizadas en el trabajo de campo.
Algunas reflexiones sobre la Política Agraria Comunitaria
Authors: Maroto Martos Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

La PAC fue, es y sigue siendo la apuesta comunitaria más importante desde la creación de la CEE, tal y como lo demuestra su importancia presupuestaria. Es una política con logros evidentes y con fracasos llamativos como el desequilibrio social y regional que ha propiciado entre sus perceptores. Con variaciones en su trayectoria, se encamina, o debería hacerlo, hacia una política más rural, más integrada, más territorial en la que vaya perdiendo progresivamente relevancia su tradicional carácter productivista y sectorial. Dicha transformación se convierte en condición “sine qua non” para afrontar los retos que un mercado ampliado, la necesidad de una mayor integración exterior, la exigencias de calidad en las producciones o el respeto del medio ambiente le plantean.
El camping en Castilla y León
Authors: González Polledo Luis Alfonso
Published: June 2015

El sector turístico se está convirtiendo en muchas comunidades autónomas tradicionalmente no turísticas en una de las principales apuestas de futuro para el desarrollo regional. Ante los previsibles problemas de la oferta turística litoral, las administraciones autonómicas han concedido una gran importancia en sus políticas de gobierno a la promoción turística. Una de las líneas de actuación ha sido el apoyo a la creación de campamentos públicos de turismo. Además de analizar el sector en su conjunto, uno de los objetivos de este artículo es mostrar en qué situación se halla Castilla y León a este respecto. El campismo ha crecido notablemente en los últimos diez años, aunque al parecer sin el apoyo de una clara política de fomento de la calidad frente a la cantidad. Por otra parte, es notorio el papel subsidiario que ejercen los distintos niveles de la administración en una comunidad donde las inversiones privadas en campings pueden no ser suficientemente rentables
El abastecimiento de aguas a la ciudad de León
Authors: Moralejo Mateos María Pilar
Published: June 2015

En la actualidad, el consumo de agua de la ciudad de León (17 Hm.3/año) ocupa el cuarto lugar por orden de importancia dentro de la demanda urbana total de la cuenca del Duero (214,43 Hm.3/a.). Se analiza la evolución histórica del abastecimiento de aguas a la capital leonesa, partiendo de la idea de que el suministro a las poblaciones es, precisamente, el uso prioritario de los recursos hídricos, unos recursos naturales renovables pero también relativamente escasos porque cada vez es mayor su demanda.
Urbanismo y medioambiente en la España de la Ilustración. Estudio de varias problemáticas
Authors: Reguera Rodríguez Antonio
Published: June 2015

En el presente trabajo se ha pretendido explorar dimensiones nuevas del Urbanismo ilustrado. La mayoría de estudios sobre la ciudad del siglo XVIII se centran en la perspectiva, la estética, el monumentalismo, el embellecimiento periférico o incluso en las relaciones entre geometría y política. Sin embargo, se ha dedicado menos atención a cuestiones relacionadas con los equipamientos, las infraestructuras, la higiene pública, el funcionamiento de la economía urbana y la administración de la ciudad. Son precisamente estas cuestiones las que nos introducen en la comprensión de las contradicciones que están dinamizando el modelo urbano ilustrado. Los ejemplos que se estudian tienen en común el planteamiento de una específica problemática medioambiental, cuyo origen hay que situarlo en las contradicciones que producen las tensiones de crecimiento -demográfico, económico, urbanístico- en un modelo de ciudad cerrada que sigue siendo básicamente feudal.
La presenza straniera in Italia
Authors: Di Comite Luigi , Ferrieri Gaetano
Published: June 2015

En la década de los años setenta Italia asistió a una importante modificación en lo que se refiere a su disposición respecto a los movimientos migratorios; al igual que ocurriría más tarde en otros países mediterráneos -como España- Italia pasa de ser un país de emigración a recibir un notable flujo de trabajadores procedentes de países en vías de desarrollo.

El estudio pretende un acercamiento al proceso descrito desde las distintas fuentes disponibles y una caracterización del mismo desde las ópticas temporal y espacial.

Se anotan, por último, algunas disfuncionalidades en la gestión del flujo migratorio que se observan en Italia y, en general, en todos los paíese de la Comunidad Europea receptores de inmigrantes.