bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Penggunaan Model Learning Cycle untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Mayasari  , Aisyah Nur , Hermanto Misbah
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis efektivitas hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA yang menggunakan model Learning Cycle dengan konvensional. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuasi eksperimen yang cocok untuk menguji pengaruh perlakuan variabel bebas terhadap variabel mediasi. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 62 siswa yang terdiri dari 2 kelas yaitu kelas VIA (32 siswa) sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelasVIB 30 siswa sebagai kelompok kontrol. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah independent sample test dan rata-rata kemampuan berfikir siswa. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Learning Cycle dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA, dibandingkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional (ceramah). Karena pada saat proses belajar mengajar berlangsung lebih terpusat pada peran siswa dan tidak didominasi oleh peran guru, berbeda dengan model pembelajaran konvensional (ceramah) dimana guru yang berperan aktif pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung.
Penerapan Manajemen Strategi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Lulusan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 7 Kota Jambi
Authors: Mawaddah  , Adilla Ulfa , Istikomah
Published: May 2024

Dalam mewujudkan pendidikan yang bermutu memerlukan rencana-rencana strategi. SMPN 7 Kota Jambi merupakan sekolah yang menerapkan strategi dalam meningkatkan mutu lulusannya. Fokus Penelitian ini adalah bagaimana proses penerapan manajemen strategik kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu lulusannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi nonpartisipan, wawancara tidak terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber, triangulasi teknik dan waktu. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Pengamatan lingkungan (Analisis SWOT) meliputi pengamatan lingkungan sekolah mengenai kekuatan, kelemahan, ancaman, dan peluang. (2) Perencanaan strategi pada SMPN 7 Kota Jambi (a) melakukan analisis lingkungan internal dan eksternal sekolah, (b) berkoordinasi dengan wakil kepala sekolah untuk merumuskan program/kegiatan sekolah, (c) menentukan strategi melalui pengembangan program/kegiatan sekolah, pada SMPN 7 Kota Jambi perencanaan strategi dikiuti dengan merumuskan kebijakan mutu. (3) Pengorganisasian strategi yaitu adanya pembagian tugas guru dan staf yang jelas. (4) Implementasi strategi yaitu (a) mengembangkan program unggulan sekolah yang dimulai dari tahap PPDB, (b) pengembangan guru. (c) Pelaksanaan K-13 (5) Evaluasi strategi yang dilakukan adalah (a) supervisi, (b) pelaksanaan rutin pada proses pembelajaran, (c) melalui laporan kegiatan dan rapat evaluasi sekolah.
PELAKSANAAN ARISAN MENURUN KETRIN DI GRUP WHATSAPP DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Nur Jannah Eka Cipta , Ulpah Mariya
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang pengelolaan arisan dengan pola arisan menurun. Hukum Islam pada dasarnya membolehkan pelaksanaan arisan  seperti kebanyakan arisan pada umumnya, tetapi jika syarat dan ketentuan arisan ada unsur ketidak adilan dan memberatkan para peserta arisan, maka arisan tersebut tidak diperbolehkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pelaksanaan arisan menurun Ketrin di grup WhatsApp. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripstif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji kegiatan arisan ketrin dengan pola menurun. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa arisan menurun ketrin mengandung unsur riba, karena terdapat keuntungan, terdapat pula unsur ketidakadilan dari adanya ketidakseimbangan antara iuran yang berbeda-beda serta pemilik arisan yang memperoleh uang tanpa membayar iuran. Selain itu, arisan ini pun terdapat hal-hal yang diperbolehkan, yakni terkait syarat dan rukun akad qardh dan sistem slot, karena terbebas dari unsur yang diharamkan. Walaupun dalam pandangan hukum Islam, arisan online diperbolehkan, tetapi jika dilihat dari pelaksanaan arisan menurun Ketrin, sebaiknya arisan ini dihindari, karena di dalamnya terdapat unsur riba.
URGENSI PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS DALAM LINGKUP PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Lafendry Ferdinal
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini menelaah tentang urgensi Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dalam lingkup pendidikan. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Tidak berguna untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran menjadi lebih baik. Fokus dari Penelitian Tindakan Kelas adalah pada kondisi kelas di mana guru melakukan pembelajaran. Hasil dari tulisan ini menegaskan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas merupakan penelitian yang diarahkan dalam memecahkan segala problematika yang ada di dalam kelas dan berguna untuk meningkatkan kualitas guru dalam mengajar di kelas. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas adalah upaya dalam meningkatkan kualitas belajar mengajar pada lingkup Pendidikan.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL AJAR KURIKULUM MERDEKA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS
Authors: Salsabilla Nadia Seftiani , Nurhalim Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Modul ajar merupakan bahasa baru dalam kurikulum merdeka yang sama artinya dengan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) di kurikulum 2013 yang berformat dan bersifat variatif. Ada 4 kriteria yang harus dimiliki modul ajar yakni esensial, menarik, bermakna, dan menantang, relevan dan kontekstual, serta berkesinambungan. Pengembangan modul ajar bertujuan untuk menyediakan perangkat ajar yang dapat memandu guru melaksanakan pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini membahas pengembangan modul ajar kurikulum merdeka mata pelajaran IPAS. Dan penelitian ini merupakan merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan datanya yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan tiga alur yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah: (1) Pengembangan modul ajar kurikulum merdeka yang meliputi tiga komponen yakni informasi umum, kompetensi inti dan lampiran, (2) Implementasi modul ajar dalam pembelajaran IPAS yang meliputi beberapa langkah-langkah pembelajaran, seperti: persiapan modul ajar, latihan soal/tugas dan mengevaluasi hasil belajar.
ETIKA SISWA DAN GURU PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DALAM PEMIKIRAN IMAM AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Arifin Jaenal , Salbiah Siti , Ghofur Abdul
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pemikiran Imam al-Ghazali tentang etika siswa dan guru pada proses pembelajaran. Etika siswa dan guru menjadi penting, terutama ketika terjadi proses transformasi ilmu pengetahuan dan nilai-nilai pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif kepustakaan dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Data primer bersumber dari buku karya Imam al-Ghazali. Dan data sekunder diperoleh dari buku, jurnal, dan lainnya yang memiliki relevansi dengan pembahasan. Penelitian memberikan kesimpulan bahwa ketika belajar siswa hendaknya menjaga etika-etika berupa mensucikan jiwa, menjauhkan diri dari urusan dunia, menjauhkan diri dari sifat sombong, menghindari perdebatan dan fanatik pada satu pendapat, tidak meninggalkan atau membenci suatu ilmu, belajar secara bertahap dan memperbaiki niat dan tujuan. Begitu pula seorang guru harus memiliki etika-etika dalam pengajaran berupa menyayangi dan menganggap siswa seperti anak sendiri, guru bersikap ikhlas dan mengharap ridha Allah Swt, guru memberikan nasihat kepada siswa, mengingatkan kesalahan siswa dengan bijak, menghargai dan menghormati ilmu,  guru harus mengetahui kemampuan berfikir dan kondisi siswa, menjadi contoh dalam pengamalan ilmu. Pemikiran Imam al-Ghazali ini sangat relevan dengan pendidikan saat ini dimana sekolah harus menanamkan nilai-nilai etika dalam proses pembelajaran.
MODERNISASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM ISLAM: TELAAH MODEL PENDIDIKAN MODERN MASA TURKI UTSMANI
Authors: Saeful Achmad , Lafendry Ferdinal
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini menelaah modernisasi pendidikan dalam Islam, di mana kajiannya merujuk pada model pendidikan modern yang digagas di masa Turki Utsmani. Turki Utsmani sendiri merupakan salah satu kesultanan terbesar dalam catatan sejarah Islam. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis kepustakaan dan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah filosofis dan historis. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa modernisasi Pendidikan Islam pada masa Turki Utsmani dimulai dengan merubah model pendidikan yang tidak dikotomis atau memisahkan antara ilmu umum dan ilmu agama. Dalam pendidikan upaya ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pembelajaran pada seluruh aspek ilmu pengetahuan, ilmu umum maupun ilmu agama. Tulisan ini pun menyimpulkan tokoh utama dalam upaya melakukan modernisasi pendidikan di Turki Utsmani adalah Sultan Mahmud II.
The role of telehealth interventions in pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Saksham Sharma  , Salomi Shaikh  , Pranav Bhatia  , Preetha S.  , Harmanpreet Kakkar  , Arnav Varghese
Published: May 2024

Background: Telehealth interventions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management have garnered attention for their potential to enhance access to care and improve patient outcomes. Various studies have explored the effectiveness of telerehabilitation programs, innovative telemedicine platforms, and home-based PR initiatives in addressing the needs of COPD patients. Methods and materials: A selection criterion was determined after a thorough literature review across search engines and databases. SANRA guidelines were followed to draft the manuscript. Objectives: Exploring the impact of telehealth interventions on the effectiveness and the outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with COPD. Discussions: The discussions revolve around the positive impact of telehealth interventions on exercise capacity, self-efficacy, and quality of life for COPD patients. Studies highlight the convenience and accessibility offered by telemedicine platforms as well as the effectiveness of in-home telerehabilitation programs. However, challenges such as technical issues, data security concerns, and disparities in access to technology need to be addressed for successful implementation.
Contribution of green culture practices to achieving sustainable performance in Algeria
Authors: Ben Yahia Nadjat , Belagra Fatna , Hazerchi Tarek
Published: May 2024

Purpose. The study aims to find sustainable solutions that support the performance of organizations, especially oil companies in Algeria, which have a significant impact on the country. In addition to identifying green behaviours that support a green culture within the organization, we also determined whether they have an impact on sustainable performance in the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) district in Djelfa (Algeria).
Results. The results of the study showed that there is an impact of the green organizational culture in the LPG district in Djelfa on sustainable performance and this is at the level of significance (0.05≥α) the greener the organizational culture, the more sustainable the performance. In addition, the variable of green organizational culture accounts for 57.8 % of the variation in the sustainable performance variable. The predictive suitability (Q²) of the pathway model was 30.8 % for the sustainable performance variable in the structural model which is above zero.
Scientific novelty. The novelty of our research lies in the combination of the green culture variable and the sustainable efficiency variable. The study relied on the best-known indicators that measure each variable under the study, and both the (SPSS) and (Smart PLS) program were used to obtain more reliable results. The study also focuses on stopping the marginalization of the sustainability in Algeria, especially in oil companies because they extract oil natural resources and improve them. These two processes have risks to the environment and society. We have recommended that company spread, educate and deepen its green culture and provide all necessary means to achieve sustainable performance.
Practical value. It is necessary to work on creating a green culture related to preserving and respecting the environment inside and outside the organization by clarifying the customs, traditions, values and others that affect behaviour. It is necessary to develop the performance of organizations to include the aspect – economic, social and environmental. It is necessary to identify the company’s strengths and weaknesses, which it should take more into account and develop in order to be able to increase its sustainable performance. The results and recommendations presented in the paper can be published and disseminated for the benefit of companies operating in the sector and elsewhere.
Analysis of the Role of Ecological Migration in the Sustainable Development of Economy and Society in Xinjiang, China
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, l l , l l , l l
Published: May 2024

This study endeavors to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of ecological migration on the sustainable development of both the economy and society in the Xinjiang region of China. Given the exacerbation of ecological environment issues attributable to global climate change and anthropogenic activities, ecological migration has emerged as a prevalent strategy in Xinjiang. the paper begins by delineating the relevant theories and historical context of ecological migration. Subsequently, it examines the motivations behind, the processes involved in, and the outcomes resulting from ecological migration in Xinjiang, all within the context of the region's specific circumstances. Employing field research and data analysis, this research assesses the multifaceted impacts of ecological migration on Xinjiang's economic structure, social stability, cultural heritage, and ecological restoration. the findings suggest that ecological migration has contributed to the sustainable development of Xinjiang's economy and society to a certain degree; however, challenges remain, including those related to the resettlement of migrants, employment, and social security. the paper concludes with targeted policy recommendations, aiming to serve as a valuable resource for the advancement of ecological migration efforts in Xinjiang and throughout China.
China-ASEAN Public Health Security Cooperation: Problems and Future Approaches
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, l l
Published: May 2024

Vision 2030 of China-ASEAN Strategic Partnership puts forward that China and ASEAN need to jointly meet non-traditional security challenges, and public health security is an important part of non-traditional security. China-ASEAN cooperation in the field of public health and safety is a realistic result of promoting regional integration and a true portrayal of building a community of human destiny. At present, the public health security cooperation mechanism between China and ASEAN mainly presents three types: multilateral, bilateral and inter-country. Although China- ASEAN cooperation in public health and safety has made some achievements, there are still some practical problems, such as the need to improve legal documents, the need to enrich the main body, the need to strengthen the pool of international professionals, and the urgent need to strengthen the ability to set international issues. Under the guidance of the people-oriented China-ASEAN Public Health Community, with the system theory as the theoretical analysis tool, through the implementation of standardizing the legal documents of public health and safety cooperation, setting up the specialized organs of public health and safety cooperation, strengthening the talent pool of public health and safety cooperation, and setting the topics of public health and safety cooperation in turn, China and ASEAN will form a joint force in the field of public health and safety, and enhance the efficiency of China-ASEAN public health and safety cooperation.
Youthful Perspectives: Examining Perceptions and Attitudes towards Gender Roles in Music among Students at the School of Music, Philippine Women's University
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, l l
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the perceptions and attitudes towards gender roles in music among students at the School of Music, Philippine Women's University, Philippines. Grounded in the rich cultural context of the Philippines, where historical, cultural, and societal influences shape distinct gender roles, the research aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by examining the perspectives of young individuals engaged in formal music education. the demographic profile of participants reveals a predominantly female representation, reflecting the university's emphasis on women's education but also highlighting a need for increased inclusivity in research. Through a comprehensive survey instrument, the study explores students' perceptions of gender roles in music, attitudes towards existing biases, and the impact of gender on their musical experiences. Findings indicate a consensus among participants on the existence of gender associations and stereotypes, emphasizing the need to challenge traditional norms within the School of Music. Additionally, participants express a desire for strategies to create a more inclusive and equitable musical environment. the study recommends tailored interventions, including diversified extracurricular offerings, mentorship programs, and transparent assessment criteria, aligned with academic years and culturally sensitive initiatives. these findings contribute valuable insights to the broader discourse on gender inclusivity in the music industry and lay the foundation for continued academic inquiry into the intersections of gender, youth culture, and music in the Philippines.
Signaled Similarity of Personality Dimensions in Mate Choice
Authors: Komatsu Hidenori , L. Fisher Maryanne , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Suzuki Aoshi , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Liu Guanghao , Chen Yu
Published: May 2024

Signaling theory offers an interpretation of how one’s impression of a potential mate’s personality affects mating strategies. It remains unclear how people perceive the (dis)similarity of a potential mate to one’s own personality and use this information in mating contexts. We focus on this distance in personality similarity between a potential mate and oneself, particularly in deciding whether to interact. We present a novel framework for investigating this issue via an online chatting tool. The actual personality of 24 participants was measured according to the Big Five Inventory. Then, participants were paired to have a conversation. Their face, occupations, and income were hidden, and their voice transformed to be neutral in pitch. They talked about their own experiences as related to the Big Five dimensions. Analysis of their communications showed their willingness to consider their partners as a friend, lover, and spouse was most explained by the distance between self-recognition of the impression of one’s own personality presumably held by the partner and the impression of the partner’s personality. Our results suggest people rely on the meta-perception of their personality rather than their actual personality, at least when considering potential mates when they first meet.
COMPLICAÇÕES PÓS-CIRÚRGICAS EM DOENÇAS REUMÁTICAS: AVALIAÇÃO DE NOVAS TÉCNICAS DE IMAGEM
Authors: Sanna Isabela Pimenta , Martins Laura Faria , Silva Gabriel Magalhães , Cavalieri Ana Clara Galvão , Carvalho Sophia Campos Salles Silva de
Published: May 2024

As doenças reumáticas frequentemente requerem intervenções cirúrgicas devido aos danos articulares resultantes da inflamação crônica. No entanto, os pacientes enfrentam um risco aumentado de complicações pós-cirúrgicas devido à natureza da doença e ao uso de medicamentos imunossupressores. A avaliação eficaz dessas complicações é essencial para melhorar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Nesse contexto, a aplicação de novas técnicas de imagem oferece a possibilidade de uma detecção mais precoce e precisa dessas complicações, contribuindo para um melhor manejo pós-operatório e resultados a longo prazo. Objetivo: Avaliar criticamente a literatura científica dos últimos 10 anos para investigar o uso de novas técnicas de imagem na avaliação de complicações pós-cirúrgicas em pacientes com doenças reumáticas. Metodologia: A revisão sistemática foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA. As bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science foram pesquisadas utilizando os descritores "complicações pós-cirúrgicas", "doenças reumáticas", "técnicas de imagem", "avaliação" e "avaliação de novas técnicas de imagem". Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, em inglês, que investigaram o uso de ressonância magnética, tomografia computadorizada e ultrassonografia com contraste na detecção de complicações pós-cirúrgicas em pacientes com doenças reumáticas. Os critérios de exclusão foram estudos duplicados, revisões narrativas e estudos que não se concentraram especificamente em complicações pós-cirúrgicas. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram uma crescente quantidade de estudos que exploram o uso de novas técnicas de imagem na avaliação de complicações pós-cirúrgicas em doenças reumáticas. Conclusão: A avaliação de novas técnicas de imagem representa uma abordagem promissora na detecção e monitoramento de complicações pós-cirúrgicas em doenças reumáticas. A implementação dessas técnicas pode proporcionar benefícios significativos no manejo clínico desses pacientes, permitindo uma intervenção precoce e melhorando os resultados a longo prazo.
An integrated uncrewed aerial vehicle platform with sensing and sampling systems for the measurement of air pollutant concentrations
Authors: Liang Chen-Wei , Shen Chang-Hung
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In this study, an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) platform with sensing and sampling systems was developed for three-dimensional (3D) measurements of air pollutant concentrations. The sensing system of this platform contains multiple microsensors and Internet of Things devices for determining the 3D distributions of four critical air pollutants and two meteorological parameters in real time. Moreover, the sampling system comprises remote-controllable gas sampling kits, each of which contains a 1 L Tedlar bag for the 3D measurement of volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations according to the Toxic Organics-15 (TO-15) method of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The performance of the developed UAV platform was verified in experiments where it was used to detect air pollutant emissions from a large industrial zone in Taiwan that included a traditional industrial park, a precision machinery park, and a municipal waste incineration plant. Three locations were selected as field measurement sites according to the prevailing local wind direction. The vertical distributions of four critical air pollutants, the ambient temperature, and the relative humidity were determined from data gathered at the aforementioned sites in March and May 2023. A total of 56 and 72 chemical species were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in these two periods, respectively. The experimental results verified the feasibility of using the proposed UAV platform for accurately evaluating the air pollutant concentration distribution and transport in an industrial zone. The sampling system can be used as the sampling part of the TO-15 method, thus extending the method to measure the 3D distribution of VOCs in an area. The UAV platform can serve as a useful tool in the management of and decision-making process for air pollution in industrial areas.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and vegetation structural changes contributed to gross primary productivity increase more than climate and forest cover changes in subtropical forests of China
Authors: Chen Tao , Meunier Félicien , Peaucelle Marc , Tang Guoping , Yuan Ye , Verbeeck Hans
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The subtropical forests of China play a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle and in regulating the global climate. Quantifying the individual and combined effects of forest cover change (FCC), vegetation structural change (e.g. leaf area index (LAI)), CO2 fertilisation, and climate change (CC) on the annual gross primary productivity (GPP) dynamics of different subtropical forest types are essential for mitigating carbon emissions and predicting future climate changes, but these impacts remain unclear. In this study, we used a processed-based model to comprehensively investigate the impacts of these factors on GPP variations with a series of model experiments in China's subtropical forests from 2001 to 2018. Simulated GPP showed a significant increasing trend (20.67 gCm-2yr-1, p<0.001) under the interaction effects of FCC, LAI change, rising CO2, and CC. The CO2 fertilisation (6.84 gCm-2yr-1, p<0.001) and LAI change (3.79 gCm-2yr-1, p=0.004) were the two dominant drivers of total subtropical forest GPP increase, followed by the effects of FCC (0.52 gCm-2yr-1, p<0.001) and CC (0.92 gCm-2yr-1, p=0.080). We observed different responses to drivers depending on forest types. The evergreen broad-leaved forests showed the maximum carbon sequestration rate due to the positive effects of all drivers. Both the FCC (0.19 gCm-2yr-1, p<0.05) and CC (1.22 gCm-2yr-1, p<0.05) significantly decreased evergreen needle-leaved forest GPP, while their negative effects were almost offset by the positive impact of LAI changes. Our results indicated that LAI outweighed FCC in promoting GPP, which is an essential driver that needs to be accounted for in studies and ecological and management programmes. Overall, our study offers a novel perspective on different drivers of subtropical forest GPP changes and provides valuable information for policy makers to better manage subtropical forests to mitigate climate change risks.
Predicting Hygroscopic Growth of Organosulfur Aerosol Particles Using COSMOtherm
Authors: Li Zijun , Buchholz Angela , Hyttinen Noora
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Organosulfur (OS) compounds are important sulfur species in atmospheric aerosol particles, due to the reduction of global inorganic sulfur emissions. Understanding the physicochemical properties, such as hygroscopicity, of OS compounds is important for predicting future aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. However, their hygroscopicity is not yet well understood due to the scarcity of authentic standards. In this work, we investigated a group of OS compounds and their mixtures with ammonium sulfate, for which the hygroscopic growth factors (HGF) have been experimentally studied. Here, the HGFs were calculated from water activities computed using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS). A good agreement was found between the model-estimated and experimental HGFs for the studied OS compounds. This quantum chemistry-based approach for HGF estimation will open up the possibility of investigating the hygroscopicity of other OS compounds present in the atmosphere.
Vertical Profiles of Liquid Water Content in fog layers during the SOFOG3D experiment
Authors: Costabloz Théophane , Burnet Frédéric , Lac Christine , Martinet Pauline , Delanoë Julien , Jorquera Susana , Fathalli Maroua
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Observations collected during the SOuth west FOGs 3D experiment for processes study (SOFOG3D) field campaign are examined to document vertical profile of microphysical and thermodynamic properties of fog layers. In situ measurements collected under a tethered balloon provide 140 vertical profiles of liquid water content (LWC) from an adapted cloud droplet probe (CDP), which allow an exhaustive analysis of the life cycle of 8 thin fogs (thickness < 50 m) and 4 developed layers. We estimate thin-to-thick transition time from remote sensing instruments (microwave radiometer and Doppler cloud radar) and surface measurements, by using thresholds for longwave radiation flux, turbulent kinetic energy, vertical temperature gradient, fog top height and liquid water path (LWP) values. We found that a LWP threshold value of 15 g.m−2 is more suited for the thick fogs sampled at the super-site. CDP data are used to compute the equivalent fog adiabaticity from closure (αclosureeq) and compare to value derived from remote sensing instruments, 2-m height visibility, and an one-column conceptual model of adiabatic continental fog assuming that LWC linearly increases with height. The comparison of αclosureeq shows a large variability that results mainly from the parameterization used to estimate LWC at ground, but their evolution as a function of the fog thickness follows the same trend. We found larger negative values of αclosureeq for thin layers, associated to low LWP values. CDP data reveal that reverse trend of LWC profile (LWC being maximal at the ground and decreasing with altitude) are ubiquitous in optically thin fogs, while quasi-adiabatic features with increasing LWC values with altitude are mainly observed in well-mixed optically thick fogs. We investigate the actual fog adiabaticity and lapse rate fraction by using linear regressions to best fit the vertical profiles of LWC and temperature, respectively. This analysis highlights that reverse LWC profiles, when stable temperature conditions exist during the optically thin phase of fogs, evolve towards quasi-adiabatic features with slightly unstable temperature lapse rate, when fogs become optically thick. We also found that LWC at ground is higher during the thin phase and significantly decreases as the profile is changing from reverse to increasing with height. But this trend could be balanced when collision-coalescence and sedimentation processes redistribute the LWC through the fog layer from the top to the ground. This study provides new insights on the evolution of LWC profile during the fog life cycle, that would help to constrain numerical simulations.
Simulation of the heat mitigation potential of unsealing measures in cities by parameterizing grass grid pavers for urban microclimate modelling with ENVI-met (V5)
Authors: Eingrüber Nils , Domm Alina Sophie , Korres Wolfgang , Schneider Karl
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Many urban areas are characterized by both a growing population and an intensification of summer heat events in the context of climate change. Thus, more and more people are exposed to heat stress and corresponding health consequences. Measures for climate change adaptation such as unsealing strategies are needed in the existing urban fabric to reduce sensible heat flux by increasing latent heat flux to cool down the urban environment without requiring additional space or changing the basic function of the area. Unsealing measures like grass grid pavers (GGPs) can also help to reduce flooding risks due to increased infiltration and water storage capacities. Up to now, a parameterization of GGPs for microclimatic simulations is not available. To fill this research gap, we here present a new GGP model parameterization developed for the fluid dynamics microclimate ENVI-met model based on field measurements with double-ring infiltrometers etc. To analyse the microclimatic effects and the cooling potential of this GGP parameterization, scenario analyses were performed using a validated ENVI-met model setup for an urban high-density study area in Cologne/Germany. An extreme scenario was designed to address the maximum cooling potential of the GGPs in comparison to the dominant sealed asphalt surfaces in the study area, and a more realistic scenario with a usage-compatible installation of GGPs in the model domain only in side streets and inner courtyards while main streets remain sealed We found a maximum cooling potential of up to -20.1 K for ground surface temperature and up to -7.1 K for air temperature in 1 m above ground level for a simulated 3-day heat wave in summer 2022 which represents a 20-year heat event in Cologne. On spatial average, a decrease of up to -11.1 K for surface temperature and up to -2.9 K for air temperature was determined. On temporal average for the 3-day heat event, statistically significant mean temperature differences of -5.8 K for surface temperature and -1.1 K for air temperature were simulated. Cooling effects are more pronounced during daytime for surface temperature especially on unshaded areas, while cooling effects for air temperature are strongest during nighttime. Model results also show that the entire air volume in the study area is cooled down due to this adaptation measure, even in areas of the domain where no surfaces have been unsealed in the scenario design. The more realistic GGP scenario shows cooling effects of a comparable magnitude as the extreme GGP scenario. Thus, even partial GGP unsealing is an effective adaptation measure for reducing extreme temperatures in cities if water availability is not limited.
Exploring dual-lidar mean and turbulence measurements over complex terrain
Authors: Coimbra Isadora , Mann Jakob , Palma José
Published: May 2024

Abstract. To assess the accuracy of lidars in measuring mean wind speed and turbulence at large distances above the ground as an alternative to tall and expensive meteorological towers, we evaluated three dual-lidar measurements in virtual mast (VM) mode over the complex terrain of the Perdigão-2017 campaign. The VMs were obtained by overlapping two coordinated Range Height Indicator scans, prioritising continuous vertical measurements at multiple heights at the expense of high temporal and spatial synchronisation. Forty-six days of results from three VMs (VM1 on the SW ridge, VM2 in the valley, and VM3 on the NE ridge) were compared against sonic readings (at 80 m and 100 m a.g.l.) in terms of 10 min means and variances, to assess accuracy and the influence of atmospheric stability, vertical velocity, and sampling rate on VM measurements. For mean flow quantities–wind speed (Vh), and u and v velocity components–, the r2 values were close to 1 at all VMs, with the lowest equal to 0.987; whereas in the case of turbulence measurements (u′u′ and v′v′), the lowest was 0.869.  Concerning differences between ridge and valley measurements, the average RMSE for the wind variances was 0.295 m2 s−2 at the VMs on the ridges. In the valley, under a more complex and turbulent flow, smaller between-beam angle, and lower lidars’ synchronisation, VM2 presented the highest variance RMSE, 0.600 m2 s−2 for u′u′. The impact of atmospheric stability on VM measurements also varied by location, especially for the turbulence variables. VM1 and VM3 exhibited better statistical metrics of the mean and turbulent wind under stable conditions, whereas, at VM2, the better results with a stable atmosphere were restricted to the wind variances. We suspect that with a stable and less turbulent atmosphere, the scan synchronisation in the dual-lidar systems had a lower impact on the measurement accuracy. No correlation was found between VM measurement errors and the vertical wind speed measured by the anemometers, confirming the validity of the VM results and the zero vertical velocity assumption. Lastly, the VMs’ low sampling rate contributed to 33 % of the overall RMSE for mean quantities and 74 % for variances, under the assumption of a linear influence of the sampling rate on the dual-lidar error. Overall, the VM results showed the ability of this measurement methodology to capture mean and turbulent wind characteristics under different flow conditions and over mountainous terrain. Upon appraisal of the VM accuracy based on sonic anemometer measurements at 80 and 100 m a.g.l., we obtained vertical wind profiles up to 430 m a.g.l. To ensure dual-lidar measurement reliability, we recommend a 90° angle between beams and a sampling rate of at least 0.05 Hz for mean and 0.2 Hz for turbulent flow variables.
Towards a Near-Real-Time Earthquake Detection of the MAGIC Project Containing Distributed Acoustic Sensing System and Broadband Seismometer Array
Authors: Ku Chin-Shang , Mu Chung-Hsiang , Guan Zhuo-Kang , Kan Li-Yu , Sun Wei-Fang , Kuo-Chen Hao , Fu Ching-Chou
Published: May 2024

Fiber seismology, which applies distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology, has been an emerging field in geoscience in recent years. This technique utilizes the phase changes of Rayleigh scattering of laser light measured within the optical fiber to obtain strain parallel to the direction of laser light propagation. With spatial intervals of several meters, just a few kilometers of optical fiber can generate a data volume comparable to that recorded by thousands of traditional seismometers, providing higher resolution in both spatial and temporal domains. When combined with a seismometer array, the data collected by DAS can benefit earthquake detection. The MAGIC (Multidimensional Active fault of Geo-Inclusive observatory Chihshang) project is dedicated to monitoring microseismicity on the creeping segment of the Chihshang Fault in Taiwan. This project integrates geochemical and geophysical observations to investigate the earthquake generation process, with DAS playing a crucial role. The project involved drilling eight wells, ranging in depth from 40 to 230 meters. Eight downhole and surface fibers, totaling approximately 2.8 kilometers of optic fiber, were deployed and connected to an interrogator unit (AP Sensing N5225B DAS) to enable 3D monitoring since March 2024. In addition to DAS data, five broadband seismometer stations from the Chihshang Seismic Network (CSN) and nine stations of the Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology (BATS) have been combined to create a local broadband seismometer array in the study area since November 2021. With real-time data retrieval, this broadband seismometer array successfully compiled the complete earthquake catalog of the 2022 MW 6.9 Chihshang earthquake sequence using a deep learning framework (SeisBlue). This study presents a new DAS data processing workflow to facilitate near-real-time DAS data streaming for integration with SeisBlue for future earthquake detection.
Fibre-optic seismic imaging at the geothermal research platform Groß Schönebeck/Germany
Authors: Krawczyk CharLotte , Martuganova Evgeniia , Bauer Klaus
Published: May 2024

The geothermal research platform Groß Schönebeck is located ca. 50 km northeast of Berlin and was set up for the development and research of geothermal energy technology in the Northeast German Basin. The geothermal reservoir lies at approximately 4 km depth and counts as a low-permeability geothermal reservoir that requires the usage of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), which is typical for large parts of Northern Europe. Siliciclastic sediments and volcanic rocks of Lower Permian (Rotliegend) age, overlaid by Zechstein salt, represent the target reservoir zone.
Seismic research activities at this site encompass high-resolution 3-D reflection seismics at surface, combined with an extended 3-D Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) experiment. The 3-D surface seismic survey covers an area of 8 km by 8 km and was designed with a focus on reservoir depths of 4000 to 4300 m, in order to improve the knowledge about the geological structures and spatial distribution of the fault systems.  The VSP experiment took place in two 4.3 km deep boreholes using the Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology with a wireline cable, surrounded by 61 vibroseis points in a spiral pattern with offsets ranging from 200-2000 m. 
The processing of the DAS data was exposed to the challenge of wireline acquisition and, thus, a considerable level of ringing noise.  After preprocessing (vertical stacking, correlation with pilot sweep), several approaches for noise reduction were tested, and a new, two-step approach was introduced: 1) denoising by matching pursuit decomposition with Gabor atoms, and 2) subtraction of the noise model from the data.
This imaging improvement finally allows a high-resolution spatial image surrounding the two boreholes (Kirchhoff migration with restricted aperture) at the site, even resolving small-scale features in the reservoir. The combination of the VSP and the large-scale 3-D surface seismic model shows, in comparison to former 2-D seismic interpretations, that some exploration-guiding hypotheses have to be discarded: no significant crustal faults are imaged, the reservoir shows no fracture-dominated character, the gas-water contact/free gas is not visible, and there are no seismic compartments below the salt.  This has substantial implications for the development plan at this site.  Our workflow presented here for wireline DAS measurements can be used in the future to also re-survey already existing boreholes.
In conclusion, such combinations of experiments and new methodologies are applicable to many other areas of interest, such as waste disposal, energy generation, or any type of reservoir management.
Cosmogenic nuclide-derived downcutting rates of canyons within large limestone plateaus of southern Massif Central (France) reveal a different regional speleogenesis of karst networks
Authors: Malcles Oswald , Vernant Philippe , Fink David , Cazes Gaël , Ritz Jean-François , Fujioka Toshiyuki , Chéry Jean
Published: May 2024

Abstract. We present 35 new burial ages (27 sites) based on 26Al / 10Be ratios of terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclides measured in clasts and sediments deep within 12 caves in the southern Massif Central, France. Our results, together with previously published burial ages, verify that cave morphogenesis has been continuously active in this region for at least the past ∼ 6 Myr. Combining sample burial ages with their associated cave elevation above the modern stream bed gives a mean regional incision rate of 88 ± 5 m Ma−1 for the Grands Causses area. South of the Cevennes Fault Zone bordering the Grands Causses, the incision rate is 43 ± 5 m Ma−1, suggesting that this difference might be accommodated by the fault zone. Sediment burial ages from caves which are not located on river valley flanks or cliff walls are surprisingly too young compared to their expected ages when calculated using this regional average river incision rate. This suggests that the classical epigenic speleogenesis model that presumes a direct correlation between cave level development and regional base level lowering does not apply for the study area. Therefore, we propose that regional speleogenesis is mainly controlled by the removal of ghost rocks by headward erosion from river canyons to central parts of the plateaus, emptying incipient primokarst passages to create cave systems. Our results suggest a continuum process from hypogene primokarst composed of passages filled with ghost rock to one of epigene karst dynamics emptying these passages and creating cave networks. We propose that these processes are the major mechanism in the southern Massif Central that initiates speleogenesis and controls the geometry of the networks. In this region, tiered karst cannot be associated with the pace of incision of the major rivers but must be explained by former ghost rock (or hypogene) processes.
Spatially explicit assessment of water scarcity and potential mitigating solutions in a large water-limited basin: the Yellow River basin in China
Authors: Zhang Weibin , Zhao Xining , Gao Xuerui , Liang Wei , Li Junyi , Zhang Baoqing
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Comprehensive assessment of the long-term evolution of water scarcity and its driving factors is essential for designing effective water resource management strategies. However, the role of water withdrawal and water availability components in determining water scarcity and potential mitigating measures in large water-scarce basins are poorly understood. Here, an integrated analytical framework was applied to the Yellow River basin (YRB), where the water crisis has been a core issue for sustainable development. Analysis of the water scarcity index (WSI) and other critical indicators, including frequency, duration, and exposed population, suggest that the YRB experienced unfavorable changes in water crisis during 1965‒2013. Irrigation dominated the increase in WSI in the northwest part of the basin before 2000, whereas climate change was primarily responsible for changes in the WSI in most sub-basins during the recent decade. Meanwhile, local water management and climate change adaptation were shown to be important in determining total water availability at the sub-basin scale. Water demand in the 2030s is predicted to be 37.4 km3 based on the trajectory of historical water use, worsening 28.7 % and easing 12.5 % of the total population, respectively. To meet all sectoral water needs, a 10 km3 water deficit is projected. The potential improvements in irrigation efficiency could solve 26 % of this deficit, thereby easing the pressure on external water transfer projects. In conclusion, the integration of water supply and demand-oriented strategies is essential to effectively alleviate the water crisis in the YRB. Our results have vital implications for water resource management in basins facing similar water crises to that in the YRB.
Extensive palaeo-surfaces beneath the Evans–Rutford region of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet control modern and past ice flow
Authors: Carter Charlotte M. , Bentley Michael J. , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Paxman Guy J. G. , Jordan Tom A. , Bodart Julien A. , Ross Neil , Napoleoni Felipe
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The subglacial landscape of Antarctica records and influences the behaviour of its overlying ice sheet. However, in many places, the evolution of the landscape and its control on ice sheet behaviour have not been investigated in detail. Using recently released radio-echo sounding data, we investigate the subglacial landscape of the Evans–Rutford region of West Antarctica. Following quantitative analysis of the landscape morphology under ice-loaded and ice-unloaded conditions, we identify 10 flat surfaces distributed across the region. Across these 10 surfaces, we identify two distinct populations based on clustering of elevations, which potentially represent remnants of regionally coherent pre-glacial surfaces underlying the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). The surfaces are bounded by deeply incised glacial troughs, some of which have potential tectonic controls. We assess two hypotheses for the evolution of the regional landscape: (1) passive-margin evolution associated with the break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent or (2) an extensive planation surface that may have been uplifted in association with either the West Antarctic Rift System or cessation of subduction at the base of the Antarctic Peninsula. We suggest that passive-margin evolution is the most likely of these two mechanisms, with the erosion of glacial troughs adjacent to, and incising, the flat surfaces likely having coincided with the growth of the WAIS. These flat surfaces also demonstrate similarities to other identified surfaces, indicating that a similar formational process may have been acting more widely around the Weddell Sea embayment. The subsequent fluctuations of ice flow, basal thermal regime, and erosion patterns of the WAIS are therefore controlled by the regional tectonic structures.
Modeling the Effect of Perforations on Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Chopped Carrot
Authors: Sajeev Rattan Sharma  , Tarsem Chand
Published: May 2024

A mathematical model was developed for chopped carrot packaged in simulated modified atmosphere LD-l00 (low density polyethylene of 100 gauge thickness) packages to evaluate the effect of perforation level on the concentrations of02and CO2and levels of relative humidity inside the package. The experiments were carried out to verify the model results. Perforations resulted in reducing the steady state times of02and CO2and the effect was more pronounced on 02' The increase in number of perforations and decrease in ambient relative humidity predicted a little decrease in relative humidity within the package but it remained above 98%. A perforation area of 3.26 x 10-2 percent was predicted to give optimum in-package environment for chopped carrot.