bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Behavior-Based Risk Communication Models in Crisis Management and Social Risks Minimization
Authors: Kostyuchenko Yuriy V. , Pushkar Viktor , Malysheva Olga , Yuschenko Maxim
Published: March 2020

The article formulates and calibrates a formal model of risk communications in the framework of a risk-based community resilience assessment approach in transforming societies under crises and conflicts. It was demonstrated that perception of risks is not adequate. This situation is recognized as a threat, which leads to a significant increase of losses and to spreading of wrong crisis management practices. To improve decision-making at the personal, group, and population levels, a behavioral-based communication model has been proposed. The modified form of engagement into collective actions for substantially fractionalized society is proposed. A number of models of action calls and a collective decision-making under stress conditions with dynamic communication are put forward. On the basis of the developed model, ways of optimizing communication strategies are aimed at corresponding risk minimization are developed. Future research directions are highlighted.
The Impact of Personality and Motivation on Immersion in Simulation Games
Authors: Preuß Anna Katharina
Published: March 2020

The cognitive-motivational process model of learning describes how personality traits in a specific situation influence current learner motivation and through certain mediators, the learning outcome. This study investigates the influence of personality traits and current motivation on these mediators. For 86 high school students playing a simulation game, the Big Five, the need for cognition, current motivations, immersion, and joy of learning were measured. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that need for cognition, interest, and challenge significantly and positively impacts the experienced immersion. Also, the joy of learning correlates positively with immersion. The adapted model was partly supported: Results of this study can explain to some extent the interaction of personality traits and current motivation as well as their combined impact on immersion in live-action social science simulation games.
Rethinking the Concept of IT Governance
Authors: Frogeri Rodrigo Franklin , Pardini Daniel Jardim , Cardoso Ana Maria Pereira , Júnior Pedro dos Santos Portugal , Piurcosky Fabrício Pelloso , Prado Liz Áurea
Published: March 2020

The concept of information technology governance (ITG) was developed with foundations in organizational studies on corporate governance, but with a central element (information technology/information systems) in the field of information systems (IS). The ITG concept has become broad and ambiguous with inaccurate assessments leading researchers to adopt a nominal view of the theme. The ITG has a weak theoretical and ontological basis and its concept in the literature is not clear. Thus, the authors established as a research aim to analyze and discuss the composition of the ITG concept in an interdisciplinary perspective. The literature of governance, corporate governance, and IS were used as the basis for the analysis of the formation of the ITG concept. ITG studies were consulted and 79 textual corpora were analyzed in light of the techniques of content and lexical analysis. The analyses allowed rethinking the concept of ITG by considering that the theme must include both governance mechanisms and have a central element that represents the Information Technologies or Information Systems.
In Silico Studies of Potentially Active 2-Amino-Thiophenic Derivatives Against HIV-1
Authors: Monteiro Alex France Messias , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Scotti Luciana
Published: March 2020

HIV is a virus that affects more than 37 million people worldwide, where only 23.3 million were receiving retroviral treatment by 2018, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Three important enzymatic targets in the life cycle of HIV are: reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase; disease progression causes a decrease in CD4 + T lymphocytes, makes the infected organism vulnerable to opportunistic diseases. Therefore, much research aims to inhibit these enzymes to try to fight AIDS. This research aims to verify the use of silico techniques for an inhibitory activity of a set of 2-aminothiophenic drugs against these three enzymes, based on rational drug planning, virtual screening, and molecular modeling. To this end, many computational tools were used to generate data that improve the expectation of potential activity of these compounds. After all analyses, it was concluded that 12 of the 180 compounds tested may have potential activity against HIV-1 with low toxicological effects.
Variant of Northern Bald Ibis Algorithm for Unmasking Outliers
Authors: Saidala Ravi Kumar
Published: March 2020

Clustering, one of the most attractive data analysis concepts in data mining, are frequently used by many researchers for analysing data of variety of real-world applications. It is stated in the literature that traditional clustering methods are trapped in local optima and fail to obtain optimal clusters. This research work gives the design and development of an advanced optimum clustering method for unmasking abnormal entries in the clinical dataset. The basis is the NOA, a recently proposed algorithm, driven by mimicking the migration pattern of Northern Bald Ibis (Threskiornithidae) birds. First, we developed the variant of the standard NOA by replacing C1 and C2 parameters of NOA with chaotic maps turning it into the VNOA. Later, we utilized the VNOA in the design of a new and advanced clustering method. VNOA is first benchmarked on a 7 unimodal (F1–F7) and 6 multimodal (F8–F13) mathematical functions. We tested the numerical complexity of proposed VNOA-based clustering methods on a clinical dataset. We then compared the obtained graphical and statistical results with well-known algorithms. The superiority of the presented clustering method is evidenced from the simulations and comparisons.
Simulation Research on Ploughing Extrusion Angle Influence on Machinability
Authors: Li Ming , Fan Rui , Bao Li , Zhang Xue Yuan , Wang Hong Yan , Blum Michele M.
Published: March 2020

In order to research the ploughing extrusion angle influence on cutting performance and realize the virtual design and manufacture of ploughing-extrusion forming cutter, the plough-extrusion forming process of wick micro-groove structure was simulated by DEFORM-3D software. The micro-copper tube with diameter of 6 mm was simplified to 0.4 mm thick copper plate in this paper. In the simulation process, only the single parameter of tool extrusion angle was changed (45°, 60°, and 90°). The structure, stress and strain distributions of copper plate fins formed by three kinds of extrusion angle cutters were analyzed. It is concluded that the plough-extrusion cutting performance of 60 degree extrusion angle cutter is the best.
Effects of Material Reactivity on the Sintering Properties of Magnesium Oxide Partially Stabilized Zirconia Metering Nozzle
Authors: Zhao Liang , Huang Qian , Yao Shuang , Wang Hao , Xue Qun Hu
Published: March 2020

In this study, a magnesium oxide partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) sample was prepared by granulation, molding, drying, and calcining. MgO was used as stabilizer, along with chemical-and electrofusion-made zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) powder, as well as a different mixture of the two as the raw material. The effects of material reactivity on the sintering properties of the Mg-PSZ metering nozzle were studied by analyzing the physical properties and microscopic structure of the sample. The results show that, under the same sample preparation conditions, the electrofusion-made ZrO2 had lower reactivity, resulting in a lower percentage of stable phase, loose adhesion among particles after sintering, more than 20% porosity, and poor antierosion and antiscouring performance. However, electrofusion-made ZrO2 only had a shrinking percentage of 6%, leading to a higher sintering yield. However, compared with the electrofusion-made ZrO2, chemical-made ZrO2 had a higher reactivity, better sintering properties, more stable phase component, and approximately 75% less porosity. Chemical-made ZrO2, however, had a shrinking percentage as high as 20%, causing serious sample cracking after sintering. Therefore, both types of ZrO2 are not ideal as the only raw material for Mg-PSZ metering nozzles. Nonetheless, when a 1:1 mixture of the two types of ZrO2 was used as the raw material, the calcined sample showed better property parameters in porosity and volume density, as well as compressive strength, satisfying the requirements for Mg–PSZ-based metering nozzles.
Probabilistic Fatigue Damage Analysis of Long Span Suspension Bridge Due to Wind Induced Buffeting
Authors: Jun Hu
Published: March 2020

In order to consider the fluctuating wind load induced fatigue problem of long span suspension bridge, fatigue reliability formula is modified by assuming the fatigue life is accord with the weibull distribution. Based on the accurate bridge buffeting analysis of time history, the stress time history of components of a suspension bridge in east sea China is simulated, and then the fatigue damages and reliabilities are calculated. The results indicate that the main cables and hangers have enough fatigue reliability under the fluctuating wind load, the fatigue failure will not occur; the stiffening girder has larger fatigue damage, under 40 / (m.s-1) mean wind speed action, the girder of mid-support section’s average fatigue life is only 3.103 years, so the girder’s damage under strong wind action should be taken seriously.
An Analytical Research on Stress-Wave Propagation and Comparison of Experiments and Theory of Zonal Disintegration in Rock Masses around Deep Tunnels
Authors: Zeng Xian Ren , You Shi Hui , Li Fang , Rahmani Bijan
Published: March 2020

The zonal disintegration mechanism in rock masses around deep tunnels is totally controversial. Because this phenomenon basically depends on the stress-wave amplitude, fluctuating and declining in rock masses particularly around deep tunnels. This paper intends to theoretically solve the problem of stress-wave propagation. For this purpose, a physical model of stress-wave propagation is established in rock masses around the deep tunnels. Further, the wave equation is solved for rock masses of deep tunnels. Taking Dingji Tunnel in southern of China as a case-study, the central radius of partition is calculated theoretically and compared with the measured results in rock masses around deep tunnels. The research results of this paper gives a certain promotes to the theory of zonal disintegration in rock masses and have certain guiding significance for deep rock engineering.
An Experimental Research on Cationic Reverse Flotation of Anshan-Type Iron Ores
Authors: Cheng Zhong Hang , Zhu Dian Bing , Dai Shu Juan , Sobhy Ahmed
Published: March 2020

The mineral processing technology of Anshan-type iron ores has been developed in a rapid speed in recent years, and the combined flowsheet at the core of anionic reverse flotation has become a mainstream in the beneficiation of Anshan-type iron ores in china. With the successful application of this combined flowsheet, some obvious problems are also emerging. Such as high requirement of pulp temperature, complex reagent system, high cost of reagent consumption and so on. In view of this,we have carried out an experimental study on the separation of Anshan type iron ore by cationic reverse flotation . A new collector (named KBD) which is mixed amines have been developed . On this basis, the actual mineral separation experiment is carried out in the laboratory.With KBD as the collector,and starch and sodium hexametaphoshate as the depressant, has resulted in an iron concentrate of 68.16% and recovery rate of 89.71%. The determination of the electrokinetic potential and the infra-red spectroscopic analysis show that KBD can effectively and priorly adsorbed to the surface of quartz, and has greatly change the elecrtokinetic potential of quartz.The interaction of the depressing agent has increased the differences of the floatabilities in quartz and hermitite and changed the surface electric property so that the effective separation has been realized.
Nutrient Variation Characteristics of Luanhekou - Beidaihe Ecological Monitoring Marine Area in August
Authors: Cui Li Tuo , Li Zhi Wei , Bi Hong Sheng
Published: March 2020

Data collected from 24 marine monitoring stations in Luanhekou-Beidaihe ecological monitoring marine area from 1999 to 2014 reveal a substantial change in the nutrient of this region. The content of nitrogenous nutrients has increased, but phosphate and silicate have decreased. The average N:P ratios have increased from 4.951 in 1999 to 47.188 in 2014;while the Si:N ratios have decreased. The nutrient structure has substantially changed over a period of 16 years. Before 2004, phosphate was relative surplus but inorganic nitrogen was relative lack, while relative surplus of inorganic nitrogen and relative lack of phosphate after 2004. The water quality changed from low nitrogen and high phosphorus (before 2004) to high nitrogen and low phosphorus (after 2004).This finding shows that the nutrient structure may be related to anthropogenic influence.
Research on Deformation Model of Welding Material Based on Inherent Strain Finite Element Prediction Method
Authors: Wang Wen Cheng , Tang Lisong , Wang Feng
Published: March 2020

The paper first introduces the concept of inherent strain and the theory and method of predicting welding deformation by the inherent strain finite element method. Studies have shown that the inherent strain exists in the weld and the near seam area, and it is also related to factors such as welding heat input and plate thickness. Through the use of large-scale finite element simulation software ANSYS, the inherent strain finite element prediction method is applied to the welding deformation of the outer gantry assembly material of forklift, which provides effective reference data for future welding work of forklift gantry materials.
The Study of Surface Morphology and Roughness of Silicon Wafers Treated by Plasma
Authors: Bai Jin Rui , Hou Rui Xiang
Published: March 2020

Plasma is generally used for the doping of semiconductors. During plasma doping process, plasma interacts with the surface of semiconductor. As a result, defects are induced in the surface region. In this work, the surface morphology and roughness of silicon wafer caused by plasma treatment is studied by use of atom force microscope (AFM). It is found that, during the plasma process, each of the processing time of plasma, location of silicon wafer in plasma and the way of placement of silicon wafer has an influence on the surface morphology and roughness and the reason is discussed. The interaction between plasma and the surface of silicon wafer is qualitatively discussed.
Research Progress in the Stability of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Hao Xiang
Published: March 2020

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted growing attention in recent years due to its outstanding photovoltaic performance. After extensive studies in material designs and device engineering, the efficiencies of PSCs have been improved to 24.2%. On the other hand, the inadequate stability of PSCs is hindering the application to real life. Starting with the stability of organic-inorganic PSCs, this article analyzed and concluded the impact of doping A-site and X-site ions on the stability of perovskite respectively. Next, it put forward the prospects for possible development directions of this field in the future.
Induction of IκBζ Augments Cytokine and Chemokine Production by IL-33 in Mast Cells
Authors: Ohto-Ozaki Hiromi , Hayakawa Morisada , Kamoshita Nobuhiko , Maruyama Takashi , Tominaga Shin-ichi , Ohmori Tsukasa
Published: March 2020

IκBζ (encoded by the Nfkbiz) is a member of the nuclear IκB family, which is involved in the expression of secondary response genes based on signals from TLR or IL-1R. ST2L, an IL-33R, is a member of the IL-1R family and abundantly expressed in tissue-resident immune cells, such as mast cells and innate lymphoid cells; however, its downstream signaling pathway remains unelucidated. In this study, we examined the role of IκBζ in ST2L-mediated cytokine and chemokine production in mast cells. Murine bone marrow cells were differentiated ex vivo into bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs). The treatment of BMMCs with IL-33 transiently induced robust IκBζ expression. Of the 40 cytokines and chemokines examined using a cytokine and chemokine array, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-13, CCL2, CCL3, and TNF-α in the supernatant were augmented by IL-33. The deletion of IκBζ in BMMCs resulted in a significant reduction of the production of these mediators and the expression of their mRNA. NF-κB p50 but not p65 translocated to the nucleus by IL-33 and was not affected by the deletion of IκBζ. However, induction of IκBζ and the resultant cytokine and chemokine productions were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an NF-κB inhibitor. The deletion of IκBζ did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, or JNK by IL-33, and the treatment with inhibitors of these mitogen-activated kinases failed to abolish the expression of Nfkbiz. Our findings suggest that IκBζ augments IL-33–dependent cytokine and chemokine production in BMMCs through the action of NF-κB.
Premixed nitrous oxide and oxygen: A review
Authors: Coetzee J. F.
Published: March 2020

No absteract available.
Speech therapy report
Authors: Pelser J. W.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Physiotherapy in relation to orthopaedic surgery in the treatment of cerebral palsy
Authors: Mathias A.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
A short reappraisal of the principles of treatment in cerebral palsy
Authors: Irwin-Carruthers S.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Endurance time in slow and fast contracting muscle groups
Authors: Molbech Svend , Johansen Sophus H.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Modeling diurnal variation of surface PM2.5 concentrations over East China with WRF-Chem: impacts from boundary-layer mixing and anthropogenic emission
Authors: Du Qiuyan , Zhao Chun , Zhang Mingshuai , Dong Xue , Chen Yu , Liu Zhen , Hu Zhiyuan , Zhang Qiang , Li Yubin , Yuan Renmin , Miao Shiguang
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Diurnal variation of surface PM2.5 concentration (diurnal PM2.5)
could dramatically affect aerosol radiative and health impacts and can also
well reflect the physical and chemical mechanisms of air pollution formation
and evolution. So far, diurnal PM2.5 and its modeling capability over
East China have not been investigated and therefore are examined in this
study. Based on the observations, the normalized diurnal amplitude of
surface PM2.5 concentrations averaged over East China is weakest (∼1.2) in winter and reaches ∼1.5 in other seasons. The diurnal PM2.5 shows the peak concentration during the night in spring and fall and during the daytime in summer. The simulated diurnal PM2.5 with WRF-Chem and its contributions from multiple physical and chemical processes are examined in the four seasons. The simulated diurnal PM2.5 with WRF-Chem is primarily controlled by planetary boundary layer (PBL) mixing and emission variations and is significantly overestimated against the observation during the night. This modeling bias is likely primarily due to the inefficient PBL mixing of primary PM2.5 during the night. The simulated diurnal PM2.5 is sensitive to the PBL schemes and vertical-layer configurations with WRF-Chem. Besides the PBL height, the PBL mixing coefficient is also found to be the critical factor determining the PBL mixing of pollutants in WRF-Chem. With reasonable PBL height, the increase in the lower limit of the PBL mixing coefficient during the night can significantly reduce the modeling biases in diurnal PM2.5 and also the mean concentrations, particularly in the major cities of East China. It can also reduce the modeling sensitivity to the PBL vertical-layer configurations. The diurnal variation and injection height of anthropogenic emissions also play roles in simulating diurnal PM2.5, but the impact is relatively smaller than that from the PBL mixing. This study underscores that more efforts are needed to improve the boundary mixing process of pollutants in models with observations of PBL structure and mixing fluxes in addition to PBL height, in order to simulate reasonably the diurnal PM2.5 over East China. The diurnal variation and injection height of anthropogenic emissions must also be
included to simulate the diurnal PM2.5 over East China.
Using wavelets to verify the scale structure of precipitation forecasts
Authors: Buschow Sebastian , Friederichs Petra
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Recently developed verification tools based on local wavelet spectra can isolate errors in the spatial structure of quantitative precipitation forecasts, thereby answering the question of whether the predicted rainfall variability is distributed correctly across a range of spatial scales. This study applies the wavelet-based structure scores to real numerical weather predictions and radar-derived observations for the first time. After tackling important practical concerns such as uncertain boundary conditions and missing data, the behaviour of the scores under realistic conditions is tested in selected case studies and analysed systematically across a large data set. Among the two tested wavelet scores, the approach based on the so-called map of central scales emerges as a particularly convenient and useful tool: summarizing the local spectrum at each pixel by its centre of mass results in a compact and informative visualization of the entire wavelet analysis. The histogram of these scales leads to a structure score which is straightforward to interpret and insensitive to free parameters like wavelet choice and boundary conditions. Its judgement is largely the same as that of the alternative approach (based on the spatial mean wavelet spectrum) and broadly consistent with other, established structural scores.
Dynamics of primary productivity in the northeastern Bay of Bengal over the last 26 000 years
Authors: Zhou Xinquan , Duchamp-Alphonse Stéphanie , Kageyama Masa , Bassinot Franck , Beaufort Luc , Colin Christophe
Published: March 2020

Abstract. At present, variations of primary productivity (PP) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are responding to salinity-related-stratification which is controlled by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). The relationships between PP, ISM, and to a broader scale, North Atlantic climate rapid variability in the past, are not clearly understood. Here, we present a new record of PP based on the examination of coccolithophore assemblages in a 26 000 years sedimentary record, retrieved in the northeastern BoB (core MD77-176). Comparisons with published climate and monsoon records, as well as outputs from the transient climate simulation TraCE-21 and experiments run with the Earth System Model IPSL-CM5A-LR, including marine biogeochemical components, helped us interpret our PP records in the context of ISM and Atlantic Overturning Meridional Circulation (AMOC) changes. We demonstrate that PP is influenced by vertical stratification in the upper water column over the last 26 000 years (26 kyr BP). It is controlled by wind-driven mixing from 26 to 19 kyr BP, i.e., when dry climate conditions and reduced freshwater inputs occurred, and by salinity-related-stratification over the last 19 kyr BP (since the Last Glacial Maximum), i.e., when humid conditions prevailed. During the deglaciation, salinity and stratification are related to monsoon precipitation dynamics, which are chiefly forced by both, insolation and the strength of the AMOC. The collapse (recovery) of the AMOC during Heinrich Stadial 1 (Bølling Allerød) weakened (strengthened) ISM and diminished (increased) stratification, thus enhancing (subduing) productivity.
Modelling thermomechanical ice deformation using an implicit pseudo-transient method (FastICE v1.0) based on graphical processing units (GPUs)
Authors: Räss Ludovic , Licul Aleksandar , Herman Frédéric , Podladchikov Yury Y. , Suckale Jenny
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Ice sheets lose the majority of their mass through outlet glaciers or ice streams, corridors of fast ice moving multiple orders of magnitude more rapidly than the surrounding ice. The future stability of these corridors of fast-moving ice depends sensitively on the behaviour of their boundaries, namely shear margins, grounding zones and the basal sliding interface, where the stress field is complex and fundamentally three-dimensional. These boundaries are prone to thermomechanical localisation, which can be captured numerically only with high temporal and spatial resolution. Thus, better understanding the coupled physical processes that govern the response of these boundaries to climate change necessitates a non-linear, full Stokes model that affords high resolution and scales well in three dimensions. This paper's goal is to contribute to the growing toolbox for modelling thermomechanical deformation in ice by leveraging graphical processing unit (GPU) accelerators' parallel scalability. We propose FastICE, a numerical model that relies on pseudo-transient iterations to solve the implicit thermomechanical coupling between ice motion and temperature involving shear heating and a temperature-dependent ice viscosity. FastICE is based on the finite-difference discretisation, and we implement the pseudo-time integration in a matrix-free way. We benchmark the mechanical Stokes solver against the finite-element code Elmer/Ice and report good agreement among the results. We showcase a parallel version of FastICE to run on GPU-accelerated distributed memory machines, reaching a parallel efficiency of 99 %. We show that our model is particularly useful for improving our process-based understanding of flow localisation in the complex transition zones bounding rapidly moving ice.
The Potential of Smartstone Probes in Landslide Experiments: How to Read Motion Data
Authors: Dost Bastian , Gronz Oliver , Casper Markus , Krein Andreas
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Currently, findings in landslide laboratory experiments are limited by observation techniques, which either deliver only external information (e.g. using high-speed videos), or internal information using wired sensors that confine the free motion of the mass. However, an unconfined internal observation of the internal dynamics of a moving landslide mass is essential for an adequate understanding of these natural hazards. The present study introduces an autonomous and wireless probe to characterise motion features of single clasts within artificial laboratory-scale landslides. The Smartstone probe is based on an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and records acceleration and rotation at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. The recording ranges are ± 16 g (accelerometer) and ± 2000° s−1 (gyroscope). The plastic tube housing is 55 mm long with a diameter of 10 mm. The probe is controlled and data is read out via active radio frequency identification (active RFID) technology. Due to this technique, the probe works under low-power conditions enabling the use of small button cell batteries and minimising its size. Using the Smartstone probe, the motion of approx. 520 kg of an uniformly-graded pebble material was observed in a laboratory experiment. Single pebbles were equipped with probes and placed embedded and superficially in/on the mass. In a first analysis step, the data of one pebble is interpreted qualitatively, allowing for the determination of different transport modes, such as translation, rotation and saltation. In a second step, the motion was quantified my means of derived movement characteristics: The analysed pebble moved mainly in vertical direction during the first motion phase with a maximal vertical velocity of approx. 1.7 m s−1. A strong acceleration peak of approx. 36 m s−2 was interpreted as pronounced hit and led to a complex rotational motion pattern. In a third step, displacement was derived and amounts to approx. 1.1 m in vertical direction. The deviation compared to laser distance measurements was approx. −10 %. Furthermore, a full 3-dimensional spatiotemporal trajectory of the pebble was reconstructed and visualised supporting the interpretations. Finally, it is demonstrated that multiple pebbles can be analysed simultaneously within one experiment, allowing for motion sampling of different parts of a moving landslide.
Comida alternativa, comida disputada: el caso de Bristol como enclave de consumo no convencional
Authors: Sánchez García Miguel Ángel , Díaz Muñoz Alfonso
Published: March 2020

Dentro de los nuevos patrones y ámbitos de consumo la alimentación alternativa ha experimentado en los últimos años un crecimiento significativo, al calor de otras iniciativas que en la actualidad denuncian la insostenibilidad social y ambiental del sistema económico global, y en particular, del sistema alimentario. Motivadas por este incremento de la demanda, las grandes cadenas de supermercados están accediendo gradualmente a este submercado alimentario, transformando consigo las formas de distribución y comercialización de este tipo de productos. Tomando como caso de estudio la ciudad británica de Bristol, nombrada en 2018 “capital vegana del mundo”, y a través de una metodología cualitativa que combina la observación participante en espacios de consumo (supermercados, tiendas y mercado locales) con entrevistas en profundidad a responsables de empresas de distribución y comercialización de comida alternativa, la investigación demuestra que: a) la ciudad de Bristol está configurada por un contexto cultural, económico e institucional que favorece el desarrollo del consumo de comida alternativa, haciendo de ello una marca de ciudad y resaltando la importancia que tiene el territorio en las prácticas de consumo; b) la entrada de grandes cadenas de distribución al mercado de alimentos alternativos está obligando a las empresas que históricamente han controlado este mercado a nuevas estrategias de diferenciación comercial, que modifican la forma en la que se define, regula y vende la comida alternativa; y, c) la visión que la oferta de comida no convencional tiene sobre el consumidor al que se dirige ha transitado en los últimos años desde un consumidor homogéneo a uno más diferenciado, estratégico y ambivalente.
DESDE LA SORORIDAD, LAS MUJERES RESURGIMOS DE LA GUERRA
Authors: Dussán Márquez Dennis , Toro Cruz Luisa Fernanda
Published: March 2020

En el Departamento del Caquetá, Colombia, el conflicto armado tuvo su máxima expresión, su mayor y dolorosa presencia, afectando la población en todos sus municipios y veredas. Ha sido en este trascurso de tiempo, desde la firma de los acuerdos de Paz entre el Gobierno Nacional y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), que los investigadores regionales, en particular los jóvenes investigadores, nos hemos dado a la tarea de acercarnos a una realidad que antes, por la misma barbarie del conflicto y su asentamiento territorial, no habíamos logrado hacerlo. La realidad de la guerra y sus efectos en las poblaciones ha sido una problemática principal asumida por nuestro semillero Inti Wayra y del grupo de investigación Mandala de Pensamiento, en donde nos hemos congregado jóvenes y profesores, afectados por el conflicto armado, rescatando nuestros testimonios para acercarnos a la comprensión de lo sucedido al menos durante los últimos 20 años. Este artículo presentará las formas en que las mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual y otros tipos de violencia han resurgido de la guerra a través de la sororidad.
Conceptualisation of e-learning in nursing education in the context of Rwanda
Authors: Harerimana Alexis , Mtshali Ntombifikile Gloria
Published: March 2020

Technological innovations such as e-learning are rapidly transforming the ways that institutions of higher education teach and students learn. In nursing education, e-learning offers opportunities to reach a great number of students, irrespective of time and space. In the context of Rwanda, the implementation of e-learning in nursing education was motivated by the country’s need to upgrade the level of working nurses and midwives at a large scale and in a short period. This study aims at exploring the conceptualization of e-learning in nursing education, in the context of Rwanda. Grounded theory paradigm directed this study based on the Framework from Straus and Corbin (2008). The sample size was comprised of 40 participants: 18 nurse educators, 17 nursing students, two ICT managers, and three experts in the fields. The results indicated that e-learning was conceptualised as (a) a mechanism to advance a political agenda; (b) a tool to open access to education for working nurses and midwives; (c) a student-centred approach, (d) a blended learning.
Implications of Generic Skills on Innovative Behavior Towards Opportunity Recognition in Youth
Authors: Ngah Rohana , Sarmidy Rahimah , Halil Nurul Hafez Abd
Published: March 2020

The high competition in the employment market and high unemployment rate prompted the government to encourage entrepreneurship as a career option for students further. Many entrepreneurship programs and courses have been developed and offered in higher learning institutions to encourage innovative behavior and the ability to recognize opportunities, especially in the emerging digitization world and the high unemployment rate in Malaysia. Generic skills such as creativity, proactiveness, risk-propensity, leadership, motivation, and self-efficacy are said to be essential determinants for innovative behavior. This paper aims to investigate the impact of generic skills on innovative behavior and opportunity recognition empirically. The online survey was conducted on 225 students who took a technology entrepreneurship course at a Malaysian university. Data were then analyzed using Partial Least Square software. Only creativity and proactive have a strong influence on innovative behavior and opportunity recognition. The mixed results implied that more efforts to carry out to enhance further the innovative behavior of students in preparing them to real-world challenges. It is timely to readdress how to improve further and strengthen the generic skills of students. Recommendation and suggestions are presented.
Incentive Function of Audit Opinion for the Increase of Regional Operational Expenditure and Own-Source Revenues Through Sensitivity Analysis in Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Ikbal , Furqan Andi Chairil , Yamin Nina Yusnita , Oktora Fahri Eka
Published: March 2020

This study aims to analyze the sensitivity testing using measurements of realization of regional own-source revenues and operating expenditure and to analyze the extent of the effect of sample differences between Java and non-Java provinces by using samples outside of Java. By using sensitivity analysis, the results found the influence of audit opinion on the performance of the provincial government mediated by the realization of regional operating expenditure. More specifically, when using the measurement of the absolute value of the realization of regional operating expenditure it was found that there was a direct positive and significant influence of audit opinion on the performance of the Provincial Government. However, no significant effect of audit opinion was found on the realization value of regional operating expenditure and the effect of the realization value of regional operating expenditure on the performance of the Provincial Government. This result implies that an increase in audit opinion will be more likely to be used as an incentive for the Provincial Government to increase the realization of regional operating expenditure.
Construction and Validation of a Tool for the Assessment of the Oral Health in Primary Health Care Through the Perspective of Patients
Authors: Sanchez Heriberto Fiuza , Ferreira Raquel Conceição , Duarte Vargas Andrea Maria , Furquim Werneck Marcos Azeredo , e Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE: To construct and validate a questionnaire to evaluate the quality of oral health services in primary health care, from patients.

METHODS: Initially a theoretical model of evaluation of Primary Health Care was elaborated, based on the evaluation of primary care and integrality in primary care. This model served as the basis for the script of a focus group with patients, aiming to verify the attributes perceived as important for such evaluation. The focus group results substantiated the first version of the questionnaire. Content validation was performed through a committee of experts (five teachers/researchers) and face validation in two pre-tests (37 patients each pre-test). For construct validation, factor analysis was performed and reliability (Kappa coefficient) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) were verified.

RESULTS: Thirty questions were considered for exploratory factor analysis. The anti-image matrix of covariances showed the need to exclude fourteen questions (values <0.5). After this initial analysis, 16 questions remained in the questionnaire. The KMO test, considering the 16 questions, presented a value of 0.84. Cronbach's alpha was 0.919. The final version contains 16 questions divided into two dimensions: my health unit and the care in my health unit.

CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire allows a strategy that easily evaluates oral health services in primary care, based on the perception of patients.
Financing Italian Firms Throught Invoice Trading Platforms
Authors: Vannoni Valeria
Published: March 2020

The time lag between a business transaction and its payment has generated significant problems in the financial capacity of Italian firms over time. The development of technology applied to finance (FinTech) can offer a useful alternative to mitigate this problem; among the new different forms of financing, invoice trading is a recently developed technique that already shows positive signs of response from companies. This paper aims to make an empirical contribution by investigating the profile of Italian firms using invoice trading as a source of short-term funding, according to their demographics (sectors/geographical regions/lifecycle phase), financials (turnover, credit) and creditworthiness (acceptance/rejection of applications). The analysis, furthermore, draws on survey data collected among all invoice trading platforms active in Italy as of June, 2018. Results show that the number of applications is very high, even if it still corresponds to a limited success rate, due to the low creditworthiness profile of firms.
Biometry of Seeds of Caupi Beans Cream Varieties Cultivated in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Silva Neurivan Vicente da , Linhares Paulo César Ferreira , Sousa Roberto Pequeno de , Assis Janilson Pinheiro de , Cardoso Eudes de Almeida , Pereira Joaquim Odilon , Martins Walter Rodrigues , Alves Lunara de Sousa , Santos Mateus de Freitas Almeida dos , Nogueira Glenda Soares de Lira Rosado , Farias Jordany Ramalho Silveira
Published: March 2020

Biometric analysis is of great importance for the evaluation of the characteristics of the seeds, being used to predict the physiological aspect. In this context, the objective was to study the biometry of seeds of cowpea bean varieties cultivated by family farmers in the Brazilian Northeast. The work was carried out from April to July 2018, consisting of the harvesting of cowpea bean seeds in the agroecological production area, of the region of Apodi, Northeast Brazil. A completely randomized design with six treatments (owl, canapum, lizão, always green, cow’s rib plus cultivar BRS potiguar) and six replicates of 100 seeds was used. A completely randomized design with six treatments and six replicates of 100 seeds was used. The evaluated characteristics were: length and width of seeds, expressed in mm; length/width ratio of seeds, expressed in mm; weight of one hundred seeds, expressed in g; weight of one thousand seeds, expressed in grams and quantity of seeds per kg, expressed in units kg-1. There was a statistical difference between the varieties of cowpea for the biometric characteristics studied. The cowpea variety was statistically superior to the others, for the characteristics, seed length (11.37 mm), length (2.14 mm) length ratio, weight of one hundred seeds (31.16 g) and weight of one thousand seeds (312.46 g). The BRS potiguar variety was statistically superior to the characteristic number of seeds per kilo (5099.16 units kg-1).
Formar pela escrita e para a escrita – olhares sobre a formação e os futuros professores
Authors: Lopes Maria Angela Paulino Teixeira , Rinck Fanny
Published: March 2020

Editorial
Impact of the Updated 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Anqi , Bai Qianming , Kong Hui , Zhou Shuling , Lv Hong , Zhong Siyuan , Li Ming , Bi Rui , Zhou Xiaoyan , Yang Wentao
Published: March 2020

Context.—

The updated American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer requires pathologists to re-evaluate HER2 status.

Objective.—

To define HER2 status of breast cancer using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Design.—

Diagnostic reports of invasive breast cancers made between 2014 and 2018 with HER2 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization results were retrieved. HER2 status was re-defined using the updated recommendations.

Results.—

Of 2514 tumors, 89.7% (2254 of 2514) suggested for fluorescence in situ hybridization assay were HER2 immunohistochemistry 2+. Approximately 8.9% (225 of 2514) and 1.4% (35 of 2514) of tumors were of immunohistochemistry 0/1+ and 3+, respectively. Based on the average HER2 copy number and HER2:CEP17 ratio, tumors were assigned into 5 groups, including 13.1% (330 of 2514) group 1 tumors, 2.1% (52 of 2514) group 2 tumors, 1.1% (27 of 2514) group 3 tumors, 7.0% (175 of 2514) group 4 tumors, and 76.8% (1930 of 2514) group 5 tumors. In combination with immunohistochemistry, all tumors in group 2 and group 4 changed HER2 status, from positive and equivocal into negative, respectively, while group 3 tumors remained positive. Comparative analyses of clinicopathologic features of tumors in different groups revealed that group 2 and 4 tumors displayed worse clinicopathologic features than those of group 5, while group 3 tumors shared similar clinicopathologic features to those of group 1.

Conclusions.—

Following the updated guideline, HER2 status is clearly designated. Significant differences regarding clinical features were observed between tumors in different groups but they share the same HER2 status, suggesting further validation of the accuracy of this diagnostic approach is warranted.
CATALYST: Piloting a Longitudinal Assessment and Learning Program for Board Recertification and Continuous Professional Development
Authors: Horber Dorothy T. , Flamini Joseph , Gimpel John R. , Tsai Tsung-Hsun (Edward) , Shrum Kayse , Hudson Kimberly
Published: March 2020

Context

As a proposed alternative to the traditional recertification examination, CATALYST is a longitudinal formative assessment platform created on cognitive learning principles. CATALYST was designed by the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners to encourage more complex and durable practice-relevant learning and demonstration of ongoing competencies.

Objective

To investigate the value of the CATALYST platform using board diplomates’ subjective feedback and comparison of performance on CATALYST questions with performance on board examinations.

Methods

Diplomates from 3 osteopathic specialty boards (the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine, the American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics, and the American Osteopathic Board of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) participated in this pilot study. Over the course of 16 weeks, participants were provided 2 questions per week via the CATALYST platform. An evaluation survey was emailed at the end of the study period to collect participants’ feedback. Survey results and correlations of CATALYST performance with past or upcoming board examination scores were analyzed.

Results

A total of 196 diplomates completed the surveys, with 95% reporting that participation in the platform would help them stay current in their specialties and 91% reporting that participation would help them provide better care to their patients. For the AOBIM, a significant correlation was found between the number of CATALYST questions answered correctly and performance on the board examination (r=0.51, P<.001). The correlations found for the AOBP and AOBOG were not significant (r=0.197, P=.296, and r=0.370, P=.075, respectively).

Conclusion

The CATALYST platform could offer valuable contributions to the board recertification process and to patient safety. Further investigations are being conducted on a new user-friendly platform.
A Study on the Heat Release Characteristics of Fire Load for Performance Based Design of Multiplexes: A Focus on the Heat Release Rate and Fire Spread Rate of Cinema Seats
Authors: Nam Dong-Gun , Jang Hyo-Yeon , Hwang Cheol-Hong , Lim Ohk-Kun
Published: March 2020

As performance-based design (PBD) has a direct impact on evacuation safety assessments, designing fire scenarios based on real fire tests is essential. To improve the reliability of the PBD for fire safety in multiplexes, information on fire behavior, such as heat release rate (HRR) and fire spread rate, are provided in this study by conducting a standard fabric flammability test. To this end, several chairs were arranged in a pattern that resembled a theater-style seating. The peak HRR and heating value per unit mass for each chair ranged from 415 kW to 988 kW and 15.2 MJ/kg to 23.8 MJ/kg, respectively. The heating values per unit mass of the new and old chairs were 23.6 MJ/kg and 16.7 MJ/kg, respectively. As the quantity of plastic and cushioning materials in the new chairs was more than that of the old ones, the new chairs were more vulnerable to fire hazards. Furthermore, when the chairs were arranged in a line, the fire spread rate was observed to be 0.39–0.42 m/min, regardless of the ignition location. Finally, a fire growth curve showing the peak HRR and fire spread rate was also demonstrated.
Beyond Fundamental Building Blocks: Plasticity in Structurally Complex Crystals
Authors: Stollenwerk Tobias , Huckfeldt Pia Carlotta , Ulumuddin Nisa Zakia Zahra , Schneider Malik , Xie Zhuocheng , Korte‐Kerzel Sandra
Published: December 2024

Intermetallics, which encompass a wide range of compounds, often exhibit similar or closely related crystal structures, resulting in various intermetallic systems with structurally derivative phases. This study examines the hypothesis that deformation behavior can be transferred from fundamental building blocks to structurally related phases using the binary samarium‐cobalt system. SmCo2 and SmCo5 are investigated as fundamental building blocks and compared them to the structurally related SmCo3 and Sm2Co17 phases. Nanoindentation and micropillar compression tests are performed to characterize the primary slip systems, complemented by generalized stacking fault energy (GSFE) calculations via atomic‐scale modeling. The results show that while elastic properties of the structurally complex phases follow a rule of mixtures, their plastic deformation mechanisms are more intricate, influenced by the stacking and bonding nature within the crystal's building blocks. These findings underscore the importance of local bonding environments in predicting the mechanical behavior of structurally related intermetallics, providing crucial insights for the development of high‐performance intermetallic materials.