bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives
Authors: Sun Yi-Kan , Wang Can , Lin Pei-Quan , Hu Lei , Ye Jing , Gao Zhi-Gang , Lin Ru , Li Hao-Min , Shu Qiang , Huang Li-Su , Tan Lin-Hua
Published: February 2024

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tends to have mild presentations in children. However, severe and critical cases do arise in the pediatric population with debilitating systemic impacts and can be fatal at times, meriting further attention from clinicians. Meanwhile, the intricate interactions between the pathogen virulence factors and host defense mechanisms are believed to play indispensable roles in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology but remain incompletely understood.

Data sources

A comprehensive literature review was conducted for pertinent publications by reviewers independently using the PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases. Searched keywords included “COVID-19 in children”, “severe pediatric COVID-19”, and “critical illness in children with COVID-19”.

Results

Risks of developing severe COVID-19 in children escalate with increasing numbers of co-morbidities and an unvaccinated status. Acute respiratory distress stress and necrotizing pneumonia are prominent pulmonary manifestations, while various forms of cardiovascular and neurological involvement may also be seen. Multiple immunological processes are implicated in the host response to COVID-19 including the type I interferon and inflammasome pathways, whose dysregulation in severe and critical diseases translates into adverse clinical manifestations. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a potentially life-threatening immune-mediated condition chronologically associated with COVID-19 exposure, denotes another scientific and clinical conundrum that exemplifies the complexity of pediatric immunity. Despite the considerable dissimilarities between the pediatric and adult immune systems, clinical trials dedicated to children are lacking and current management recommendations are largely adapted from adult guidelines.

Conclusions

Severe pediatric COVID-19 can affect multiple organ systems. The dysregulated immune pathways in severe COVID-19 shape the disease course, epitomize the vast functional diversity of the pediatric immune system and highlight the immunophenotypical differences between children and adults. Consequently, further research may be warranted to adequately address them in pediatric-specific clinical practice guidelines.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Pain when Running During Pregnancy: A Survey of 3102 Women
Authors: Wyatt Hannah E. , Sheerin Kelly , Hume Patria A. , Hébert-Losier Kim
Published: February 2024

Background

Musculoskeletal pain while running is a concern to women during pregnancy and can lead to running cessation. To support women who wish to run during pregnancy, it is essential to understand the sites, severities and personal risk factors associated with musculoskeletal pain.

Objective

The aim was to investigate prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal pain when running during pregnancy.

Methods

An online survey was completed by women who had a child in the past 5 years and ran prior to and during pregnancy. Pain frequency informed prevalence rates by body site, and logistic regression odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results

A total of 3102 women of 23 ethnicities from 25 countries completed the survey. Women were 22–52 years old when they gave birth and ran 2–129 km/week during the 0.5–35 years before the birth of their youngest child. Women ran significantly less distance and less often during pregnancy than before pregnancy. Most women (86%) experienced pain while running during pregnancy (59% pelvis/sacroiliac joint, 52% lower back, 51% abdomen, 44% breast, 40% hip). The highest prevalence of severe-to-worst pain was at the pelvis/sacroiliac joint (9%). Women at greatest risk of pain while running during pregnancy had a previous injury (OR = 3.44) or were older (OR = 1.04). Women with a previous child were less likely to experience breast pain (OR = 0.76) than those running during their first pregnancy.

Conclusion

Healthcare practices to reduce pain should focus on regions of greatest musculoskeletal change during pregnancy, specifically the pelvis, lower back and abdomen. Efforts to support women to run for longer throughout pregnancy should focus on pain at the pelvis and breasts.
Fundamental Understanding of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Zinc Anode Surface: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Guo Yiming , Ning Fanghua , Liu Yuyu , Shi Siqi , Li Qian , Zhang Jiujun , Lu Shigang , Yi Jin
Published: February 2024

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has become a key factor affecting the cycling stability of aqueous Zn-ion batteries, while the corresponding fundamental issues involving HER are still unclear. Herein, the reaction mechanisms of HER on various crystalline surfaces have been investigated by first-principle calculations based on density functional theory. It is found that the Volmer step is the rate-limiting step of HER on the Zn (002) and (100) surfaces, while, the reaction rates of HER on the Zn (101), (102) and (103) surfaces are determined by the Tafel step. Moreover, the correlation between HER activity and the generalized coordination number ($$\overline{CN }$$

CN

¯

) of Zn at the surfaces has been revealed. The relatively weaker HER activity on Zn (002) surface can be attributed to the higher $$\overline{CN }$$

CN

¯

of surface Zn atom. The atomically uneven Zn (002) surface shows significantly higher HER activity than the flat Zn (002) surface as the $$\overline{CN }$$

CN

¯

of the surface Zn atom is lowered. The $$\overline{CN }$$

CN

¯

of surface Zn atom is proposed as a key descriptor of HER activity. Tuning the $$\overline{CN }$$

CN

¯

of surface Zn atom would be a vital strategy to inhibit HER on the Zn anode surface based on the presented theoretical studies. Furthermore, this work provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of HER on the Zn surface.
Deep Learning Low-cost Photogrammetry for 4D Short-term Glacier Dynamics Monitoring
Authors: Ioli Francesco , Dematteis Niccolò , Giordan Daniele , Nex Francesco , Pinto Livio
Published: February 2024

Short-term monitoring of alpine glaciers is crucial to understand their response to climate change. This paper presents a low-cost multi-camera system tailored for 4D glacier monitoring using deep learning stereo-photogrammetry. Our approach integrates multi-temporal 3D reconstruction from stereo cameras and surface velocity estimation from a monoscopic camera through digital image correlation. To address the challenges posed by wide camera baselines in complex environments, we have integrated state-of-the-art deep learning feature matching algorithms into ICEpy4D, a Python toolkit designed for 4D monitoring (https://github.com/franioli/icepy4d). In a pilot study conducted on the debris-covered Belvedere Glacier (Italian Alps), our stereoscopic setup, with a camera base–height ratio close to one, captured daily images from May to November 2022. Our approach utilized SuperPoint and SuperGlue for feature matching, resulting in a daily 3D reconstruction of the glacier terminus, as traditional SIFT-like feature matching fails in this scenario. Using dense point clouds with decimetric accuracy, we estimated daily ice volume loss and glacier retreat at the terminus. The total ice volume loss was $$63\,000\,\text{m}$$

63 000

m

$${}^{3}$$

3

and the retreat was $$17.8\,\text{m}$$

17.8

m

. Surface kinematics revealed three times higher surface velocity during the warm season (May–September) than in the fall (September–November). Daily analyses revealed a significant short-term correlation between air temperature, glacier surface velocity and ice ablation, providing insight into the glacier’s response to external forces. The low cost and ease of deployment of the proposed system facilitates replication at other sites for short-term monitoring of glacier dynamics.
Being prosocial and happy, and believing in life-determining forces across cultures
Authors: Berniūnas Renatas , Rimkevičius Paulius , Beinorius Audrius , Dranseika Vilius , Silius Vytis
Published: February 2024

Believing that your life is shaped by internal forces, such as your own free will, is usually thought to lead to positive outcomes, such as being prosocial and happy. Believing that it is shaped by external forces, such as deterministic laws of nature, is usually thought to lead to negative outcomes. However, whether that is the case might vary with culture and with the nature of the force, specifically, whether the force is teleological. To test this, we investigated beliefs in five countries: China, India, Lithuania, Mongolia, and the USA. We investigated beliefs in the importance of choice (an internal, teleological force), gods and fate (external, teleological forces), and chance and luck (external, non-teleological forces). Participants (N = 1035) played a hypothetical dictator game, rated their happiness, and rated how much, in their opinion, their life is determined by these forces. Choice was perceived as the most important and its perceived importance was positively associated with subjective happiness across cultures. It was also positively associated with prosocial intentions, although only in India. Perceived importance of gods and fate was mostly positively associated with prosocial intentions. Perceived importance of gods, but not fate, was positively associated with subjective happiness across cultures. Finally, perceived importance of chance and luck was mostly either negatively associated with prosocial intentions and subjective happiness or not at all. Our results highlight the importance of studying agency beliefs in different cultures and distinguishing different kinds of determination: not just internal and external but also teleological and non-teleological.
Unraveling two decades of phyllosphere endophytes: tracing research trends and insights through visualized knowledge maps, with emphasis on microbial interactions as emerging frontiers
Authors: Muneer Muhammad Atif , Chen Xiaohui , Wang Hexin , Munir Muhammad Zeeshan , Afridi Muhammad Siddique , Yan Xiaojun , Ji Baoming , Li Wenqing , Wu Liangquan , Zheng Chaoyuan
Published: February 2024

Phyllosphere endophytes play a critical role in a myriad of biological functions, such as maintaining plant health and overall fitness. They play a determinative role in crop yield and quality by regulating vital processes, such as leaf functionality and longevity, seed mass, apical growth, flowering, and fruit development. This study conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis aiming to review the prevailing research trajectories in phyllosphere endophytes and harness both primary areas of interest and emerging challenges. A total of 156 research articles on phyllosphere endophytes, published between 2002 and 2022, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). A systematic analysis was conducted using CiteSpace to visualize the evolution of publication frequency, the collaboration network, the co-citation network, and keywords co-occurrence. The findings indicated that initially, there were few publications on the topic of phyllosphere endophytes. However, from 2011 onwards, there was a notable increase in the number of publications on phyllosphere endophytes, gaining worldwide attention. Among authors, Arnold, A Elizabeth is widely recognized as a leading author in this research area. In terms of countries, the USA and China hold the highest rankings. As for institutional ranking, the University of Arizona is the most prevalent and leading institute in this particular subject. Collaborative efforts among the authors and institutions tend to be confined to small groups, and a large-scale collaborative network needs to be established. This study identified the influential journals, literature, and hot research topics. These findings also highlight the interconnected nature of key themes, e.g., phyllosphere endophyte research revolves around the four pillars: diversity, fungal endophytes, growth, and endophytic fungi. This study provides an in-depth perspective on phyllosphere endophytes studies, revealing the identification of biodiversity and microbial interaction of phyllosphere endophytes as the principal research frontiers. These analytical findings not only elucidate the recent trajectory of phyllosphere endophyte research but also provide invaluable insights for similar studies and their potential applications on a global scale.
Application of holographic imaging in partial nephrectomy: a literature review
Authors: Wang Lei , Na Yanqun , Zhu Gang
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The aim of the present review was to evaluate the role of holographic imaging and its visualization techniques in providing more detailed and intuitive anatomy of the surgical area and assist in the precise implementation of surgery.

Materials and methods

Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases were searched for literature on the application of holographic imaging in partial nephrectomy (PN), and the history, development, application in PN as well as the future direction were reviewed.

Results

A total of 304 papers that met the search requirements were included and summarized. Over the past decade, holographic imaging has been increasingly used for preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation in PN. At present, the intraoperative guidance method of overlapping and tracking virtual three dimensional images on endoscopic view in an augmented reality environment is generally recognized. This method is helpful for selective clamping, the localization of endophytic tumors, and the fine resection of complex renal hilar tumors. Preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation with holographic imaging are helpful in reducing warm ischemia time, preserving more normal parenchyma, and reducing serious complications.

Conclusions

Holographic image-guided surgery is a promising technology, and future directions include artificial intelligence modeling, automatic registration, and tracking.
Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious Model Using Markov Chains
Authors: Omar F. M. , Sohaly M. A. , El-Metwally H.
Published: February 2024

In the present work we introduced and analyzed the most basic transmission SEI (susceptible-exposed-infective) model for a directly transmitted infectious disease caused by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The SEI model is modeling as a Markov chain and we computed a closed form formula of the mean first passage times (MFPT’s) vector arising from non-homogeneous Markov chain random walk (NHMC-RW) on the non-negative integers. Some particular cases, which lead to a relationship between the elements of the MFPT’s vectors. An efficient algorithm applied on mathematica program for computing MFPT’s vector of the NHMC-RW is given.
Impact of stratospheric aerosol injection on photovoltaic energy potential over Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Olusola Samuel , Emmanuel Israel , Ogolo Emmanuel , Adeyemi Babatunde
Published: February 2024

This study evaluates the impact of the stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) technique for solar radiation management (SRM) on the potential of photovoltaic energy in four climatic regions throughout Nigeria. The photovoltaic energy potential for the SRM scenario ($$PVE_{srm}$$

P
V

E

srm

) and the reference database ($$PVE_{ref}$$

P
V

E

ref

) were evaluated using solar radiation and temperature data from the ARISE-SAI-1.5 model and from the MERRA-2 climate data repository, respectively. Before projecting the impact of the SAI approach on photovoltaic energy generation, the agreement between $$PVE_{srm}$$

P
V

E

srm

and $$PVE_{ref}$$

P
V

E

ref

was evaluated using the index of agreement metric. The analysis showed that the index of agreement had values of 0.90 in the Sahel, 0.98 in the Guinea Savannah, 0.97 in the rainforest, and 0.82 in the coastal regions. Other validation metrics used also showed similar trends across the climatic regions in Nigeria. The projected analysis of the impact on photovoltaic energy generation between 2035 and 2069 indicated potential gains of + 5.20 in the Sahel, + 3.60 in the Guinea Savannah, and + 3.40 in the rainforest, but a decline of − 3.20 in the coastal region, all values in watts per square meters. In conclusion, this study reveals that the implementation of the SAI approach for solar radiation management would have a relatively gainful influence on solar power generation in the Sahel, the Guinea Savannah, the rainforest but declined effect in the coastal region. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the influence of solar radiation management and renewable energy generation in different climatic zones across Nigeria.
The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights Volume 1
Authors: Rubner Nat
Published: February 2024

A landmark study of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights that positions it within the African Lives Matter struggle to assert an African identity rather than as simply a human rights document.
The significance of shooting angle in seal shooting
Authors: Ryeng Kathrine A , Larsen Stig E
Published: February 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between shooting angle to the head and animal welfare outcomes in the hunt of young harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus). The study population consisted of young harp seals belonging to the Greenland Sea harp seal population. A sample of 171, 2–7 weeks old, weaned harp seals of both sexes were included. The study was conducted as an open, randomised parallel group designed trial during the regular hunt. The animals were allocated into four groups, A–D, according to the observed shooting angle to the head, defined as the angle between the direction of the shot and the longitudinal axis of the animal’s head: (A) directly from the front; (B) obliquely from the front; (C) directly from the side; and (D) obliquely or directly from behind. Instantaneous death rate (IDR) and time to death (TTD) were the main variables. The mean IDR differed significantly between groups and was highest in group B (96.8%) and lowest in group C (66.7%). For all groups combined it was 84.2%. The mean TTD for seals not rendered instantaneously unconscious or dead (n = 27) differed significantly between groups and was shortest in group A (16 s) and longest in group C (85 s). However, the number of animals included in the TTD analysis was limited. In conclusion, based on the significantly higher IDR, the shooting angle obliquely from the front is recommended to help achieve the best animal welfare outcomes during the hunt of young harp seals.
Empowering the Participant Voice (EPV): Design and implementation of collaborative infrastructure to collect research participant experience feedback at scale
Authors: Kost Rhonda G. , Cheng Alex , Andrews Joseph , Chatterjee Ranee , Dozier Ann , Ford Daniel , Schlesinger Natalie , Dykes Carrie , Kelly-Pumarol Issis , Kennedy Nan , Lewis-Land Cassie , Lindo Sierra , Martinez Liz , Musty Michael , Roberts Jamie , Vaughan Roger , Wagenknecht Lynne , Carey Scott , Coffran Cameron , Goodrich James , Panjala Pavithra , Cheema Sameer , Qureshi Adam , Thomas Ellis , O’Neill Lindsay , Bascompte-Moragas Eva , Harris Paul
Published: February 2024

Empowering the Participant Voice (EPV) is an NCATS-funded six-CTSA collaboration to develop, demonstrate, and disseminate a low-cost infrastructure for collecting timely feedback from research participants, fostering trust, and providing data for improving clinical translational research. EPV leverages the validated Research Participant Perception Survey (RPPS) and the popular REDCap electronic data-capture platform. This report describes the development of infrastructure designed to overcome identified institutional barriers to routinely collecting participant feedback using RPPS and demonstration use cases. Sites engaged local stakeholders iteratively, incorporating feedback about anticipated value and potential concerns into project design. The team defined common standards and operations, developed software, and produced a detailed planning and implementation Guide. By May 2023, 2,575 participants diverse in age, race, ethnicity, and sex had responded to approximately 13,850 survey invitations (18.6%); 29% of responses included free-text comments. EPV infrastructure enabled sites to routinely access local and multi-site research participant experience data on an interactive analytics dashboard. The EPV learning collaborative continues to test initiatives to improve survey reach and optimize infrastructure and process. Broad uptake of EPV will expand the evidence base, enable hypothesis generation, and drive research-on-research locally and nationally to enhance the clinical research enterprise.
ACORN SDOH survey: Terminological representation for use with NLP and CDS
Authors: Resnick Melissa P. , Montella Diane , Brown Steven H. , Elkin Peter
Published: February 2024

Objective:

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) greatly influence health outcomes. SDOH surveys, such as the Assessing Circumstances & Offering Resources for Needs (ACORN) survey, have been developed to screen for SDOH in Veterans. The purpose of this study is to determine the terminological representation of the ACORN survey, to aid in natural language processing (NLP).

Methods:

Each ACORN survey question was read to determine its concepts. Next, Solor was searched for each of the concepts and for the appropriate attributes. If no attributes or concepts existed, they were proposed. Then, each question’s concepts and attributes were arranged into subject-relation-object triples.

Results:

Eleven unique attributes and 18 unique concepts were proposed. These results demonstrate a gap in representing SDOH with terminologies. We believe that using these new concepts and relations will improve NLP, and thus, the care provided to Veterans.
Regularity and linear response formula of the SRB measures for solenoidal attractors
Authors: BOCKER CARLOS , BORTOLOTTI RICARDO , CASTRO ARMANDO
Published: February 2024

We show that a class of higher-dimensional hyperbolic endomorphisms admit absolutely continuous invariant probabilities whose densities are regular and vary differentiably with respect to the dynamical system. The maps we consider are skew-products given by
$T(x,y) = (E (x), C(x,y))$
, where E is an expanding map of
$\mathbb {T}^u$
and C is a contracting map on each fiber. If
$\inf |\!\det DT| \inf \| (D_yC)^{-1}\| ^{-2s}>1$
for some
${s<r-(({u+d})/{2}+1)}$
,
$r \geq 2$
, and T satisfies a transversality condition between overlaps of iterates of T (a condition which we prove to be
$C^r$
-generic under mild assumptions), then the SRB measure
$\mu _T$
of T is absolutely continuous and its density
$h_T$
belongs to the Sobolev space
$H^s({\mathbb {T}}^u\times {\mathbb {R}}^d)$
. When
$s> {u}/{2}$
, it is also valid that the density
$h_T$
is differentiable with respect to T. Similar results are proved for thermodynamical quantities for potentials close to the geometric potential.
Remarks on a formula of Ramanujan
Authors: Chirre Andrés , Gonek Steven M.
Published: February 2024

Assuming an averaged form of Mertens’ conjecture and that the ordinates of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function are linearly independent over the rationals, we analyse the finer structure of the terms in a well-known formula of Ramanujan.
Structural, lithostratigraphic and thermal features of a Permian lower crust from the Western Italian Alps (Valpelline Series, Valle d’Aosta)
Authors: Caso Fabiola , Strambini Antonella , Zucali Michele
Published: February 2024

The Valpelline Series (Dent-Blanche Tectonic System, Western Italian Alps) is a sector of lower continental crust, which consists of Permian migmatitic metapelite with different mineral assemblages (i.e., garnet-, cordierite- and orthopyroxene-bearing), minor amphibolite and marble, intruded by aplite and pegmatite. Widespread melt production in metapelite and locally in amphibolite occurred during the development of the regional foliation. The P–T conditions during migmatisation, estimated using conventional geothermobarometers, range between 800–900 °C and 0.5–0.8 GPa, with a difference of up to ∼50 °C between cordierite- and orthopyroxene-bearing migmatites, the latter reaching higher temperatures. The Valpelline Series shows rock types, metamorphic assemblages, P–T conditions and published ages of high-temperature regional metamorphism like the archetypal lower crust section of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone in the Southern Western Alps. The latter likely represents an external portion of the same extending lower crust, at the onset of the Tethyan rifting due to lithospheric extension and asthenospheric rising.
Role of the edge electric field in the resonant mode-particle interactions and the formation of transport barriers in toroidal plasmas
Authors: Anastassiou Giorgos , Zestanakis Panagiotis , Antonenas Yiannis , Viezzer Eleonora , Kominis Yannis
Published: February 2024

The impact of an edge radial electric field on the particle orbits and the orbital spectrum in an axisymmetric toroidal magnetic equilibrium is investigated using a guiding centre canonical formalism. Poloidal and bounce/transit-averaged toroidal precession frequencies are calculated, highlighting the role of the radial electric field. The radial electric field is shown to drastically modify the resonance conditions between particles with certain kinetic characteristics and specific perturbative non-axisymmetric modes, and to enable the formation of transport barriers. The locations of the resonances and the transport barriers that determine the particle, energy and momentum transport are shown to be accurately pinpointed in the phase space by employing the calculated orbital frequencies.
An Exploratory Study in the Portuguese Population on Writing a Suicide Note: Correlates in the Suicide Spectrum and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Campos Rui C. , Reixa Cátia , Cardoso Paulo , Passos Bruna
Published: February 2024

Suicide notes are an important warning sign for suicidal behaviors. The aim of this exploratory research is (a) to contribute to understanding the place of suicide notes in the spectrum of suicidal behaviors in Portugal, and (b) to analyze the content remembered by individuals regarding a suicide note. Two complementary studies were carried out. In the first, a quantitative investigation, the statistical relationship of writing a suicide note: To the occurrence of lifetime suicide attempts, to lifetime self-harming behaviors, and to suicidal ideation in the two weeks prior to the assessment was evaluated. In the second study, a qualitative investigation, the content recalled by individuals regarding a suicide note was analyzed. In the quantitative study, 841 adults aged between 18 and 65 years, and 1,012 young adults participated. In the qualitative study, 18 young adults participated. Findings of the quantitative study reveal that writing a suicide note significantly related to the lifetime presence of a suicide attempt and to self-harming behaviors and to suicidal ideation in the two weeks prior to the assessment. Findings of the qualitative study suggest that individuals who have written suicide notes exhibit a significant self-oriented focus, yet they also demonstrate a strong sense of concern for the survivors.
Simulation-based nozzle density optimization for maximized efficacy of a machine vision–based weed control system for applications in turfgrass settings
Authors: Petelewicz Paweł , Zhou Qiyu , Schiavon Marco , MacDonald Gregory E. , Schumann Arnold W. , Boyd Nathan S.
Published: February 2024

Targeted spraying application technologies have the capacity to drastically reduce herbicide inputs, but to be successful, the performance of both machine vision–based weed detection and actuator efficiency needs to be optimized. This study assessed (1) the performance of spotted spurge recognition in ‘Latitude 36’ bermudagrass turf canopy using the You Only Look Once (YOLOv3) real-time multiobject detection algorithm and (2) the impact of various nozzle densities on model efficiency and projected herbicide reduction under simulated conditions. The YOLOv3 model was trained and validated with a data set of 1,191 images. The simulation design consisted of four grid matrix regimes (3 × 3, 6 × 6, 12 × 12, and 24 × 24), which would then correspond to 3, 6, 12, and 24 nonoverlapping nozzles, respectively, covering a 50-cm-wide band. Simulated efficiency testing was conducted using 50 images containing predictions (labels) generated with the trained YOLO model and by applying each of the grid matrixes to individual images. The model resulted in prediction accuracy of an F1 score of 0.62, precision of 0.65, and a recall value of 0.60. Increased nozzle density (from 3 to 12) improved actuator precision and predicted herbicide-use efficiency with a reduction in the false hits ratio from ∼30% to 5%. The area required to ensure herbicide deposition to all spotted spurge detected within images was reduced to 18%, resulting in ∼80% herbicide savings compared to broadcast application. Slightly greater precision was predicted with 24 nozzles but was not statistically different from the 12-nozzle scenario. Using this turf/weed model as a basis, optimal actuator efficacy and herbicide savings would occur by increasing nozzle density from 1 to 12 nozzles within the context of a single band.
Perceived Usefulness of Self-Guided Versus Collaborative Suicide Safety Plans in Online Help-Seekers
Authors: Rainbow Christopher , Tatnell Ruth , Blashki Grant , Melvin Glenn A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Background: Suicide safety plans were originally devised to be paper-based and clinician-guided, but digital self-guided plans are now common. Aim: This study explored whether plan format (paper vs. digital), assistance (self-authored vs. collaboration), and suicide attempt history were associated with differences in suicidal ideation, suicide-related coping, and perceived usefulness. Method: An online sample of safety plan users ( N = 131) completed a survey assessing suicidal ideation, suicide-related coping, and perceived usefulness of their plan. t tests compared outcomes by plan format, collaboration, and suicide attempt history. Pearson correlations explored associations between reasons for plan use, suicidal ideation, and suicide-related coping. Results: Suicidal ideation was significantly higher, and perceived usefulness significantly lower in participants with a past suicide attempt (vs. none) and in those who had collaborated to make their safety plan (vs. self-authored). Collaborators were largely health professionals. No significant differences were found between plan formats. Suicide-related coping was associated with higher perceived usefulness overall. Limitations: Our study design was cross-sectional, utilizing a largely young, female, English-speaking, online help-seeking sample. Conclusions: For clients with prior suicide attempts and higher levels of suicidal ideation, meaningful collaboration may be needed to find safety plan coping strategies that are perceived as useful.
Predicting Sensationalism in Suicide Story Headlines
Authors: McInerney Sarah A. , Robertson Anna C. , Schneeback Alekx , Oakes Rhiannon , Lac Andrew
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Objective: Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, and media publicity plays a role in suicide rates. The United States offers guidelines for the reporting of suicide. This study evaluated guideline adherence in newspaper and newswire publications covering celebrity suicide deaths. The research also assessed whether the sensationalism of article headlines could be predicted by variables reflecting nonadherent reporting. Method: Publications from 2013 to 2018 reporting on nine celebrity suicides were evaluated via content analysis. Adherence was assessed in a two-step hierarchical linear regression to determine which variables predicted sensationalism in headlines. Results: Overall adherence to reporting guidelines was moderate. Newspaper disclosure of suicide method only, suicide method and location, and note contents significantly predicted headline sensationalism in the first regression model, R2 = 22%. The sensationalism in the body of the article and other variables additionally predicted headline sensationalism in the second regression model, R2 = 55%. Limitations: This study is limited to celebrity suicide reporting and may not reflect media reporting trends of noncelebrity suicide deaths. Conclusion: Findings reveal that sensationalism in the body of the article and other variables uniquely contributed to sensationalism in newspaper headlines. This suggests that the public could be at risk for reading harmful content not consistent with reporting recommendations about suicide because of the initial attraction to sensational headlines.
Ethnic Disparities in Betel Nut Use
Authors: Kawabata Yoshito , Dalisay Francis , Pokhrel Pallav
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Adolescent substance use has been extensively studied in Western countries. However, knowledge of substance use, particularly betel nut use, among adolescents in the Pacific Islands, remains limited. The present study examined ethnic differences in betel nut use and intention to use, and factors explaining such ethnic differences, in Guam, a US-Affiliated Pacific Islands in the Western Pacific. Participants were 674 ethnically diverse students (49% female; Mage = 12.7, SD = 0.89) from eight local public middle schools. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess study variables. The results indicated that although the majority of participants did not use betel nut, there were significant differences in rates of betel nut use and intentions to use between ethnic groups. Compared with adolescents from other ethnic groups represented in the study, adolescents from the Freely Associated States (FAS) of Micronesia, or non-CHamoru Micronesians were more likely to use betel nut in the past 30 days and in their lifetime and to expect to use betel nut in the near future. These ethnic differences were partially mediated by proposed factors such as observation or familiarity with and access to betel nut and approval by parents, peers, and the community. In other words, FAS ethnicity was a significant predictor of higher levels of familiarity with betel nut; FAS ethnicity also predicted lower levels of difficulty in accessing betel nut and perceived disapproval of betel nut use from parents, peers, and the community. These, in turn, predicted more betel nut use and intention as reported by FAS adolescents. These findings can be used to inform the design and implementation of intervention and prevention programs to reduce ethnic disparities among at-risk youth vulnerable to betel nut use in the Pacific.
Pathogenic NLRP3 mutants form constitutively active inflammasomes resulting in immune-metabolic limitation of IL-1β production
Authors: Molina-López Cristina , Hurtado-Navarro Laura , García Carlos J. , Angosto-Bazarra Diego , Vallejo Fernando , Tapia-Abellán Ana , Marques-Soares Joana R. , Vargas Carmen , Bujan-Rivas Segundo , Tomás-Barberán Francisco A. , Arostegui Juan I. , Pelegrin Pablo
Published: February 2024

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is an autoinflammatory condition resulting from monoallelic NLRP3 variants that facilitate IL-1β production. Although these are gain-of-function variants characterized by hypersensitivity to cell priming, patients with CAPS and animal models of the disease may present inflammatory flares without identifiable external triggers. Here we find that CAPS-associated NLRP3 variants are forming constitutively active inflammasome, which induce increased basal cleavage of gasdermin D, IL-18 release and pyroptosis, with a concurrent basal pro-inflammatory gene expression signature, including the induction of nuclear receptors 4 A. The constitutively active NLRP3-inflammasome of CAPS is responsive to the selective NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and its activation is regulated by deubiquitination. Despite their preactivated state, the CAPS inflammasomes are responsive to activation of the NF-κB pathway. NLRP3-inflammasomes with CAPS-associated variants affect the immunometabolism of the myeloid compartment, leading to disruptions in lipids and amino acid pathways and impaired glycolysis, limiting IL-1β production. In summary, NLRP3 variants causing CAPS form a constitutively active inflammasome inducing pyroptosis and IL-18 release without cell priming, which enables the host’s innate defence against pathogens while also limiting IL-1β–dependent inflammatory episodes through immunometabolism modulation.
A clinically applicable connectivity signature for glioblastoma includes the tumor network driver CHI3L1
Authors: Hai Ling , Hoffmann Dirk C. , Wagener Robin J. , Azorin Daniel D. , Hausmann David , Xie Ruifan , Huppertz Magnus-Carsten , Hiblot Julien , Sievers Philipp , Heuer Sophie , Ito Jakob , Cebulla Gina , Kourtesakis Alexandros , Kaulen Leon D. , Ratliff Miriam , Mandelbaum Henriette , Jung Erik , Jabali Ammar , Horschitz Sandra , Ernst Kati J. , Reibold Denise , Warnken Uwe , Venkataramani Varun , Will Rainer , Suvà Mario L. , Herold-Mende Christel , Sahm Felix , Winkler Frank , Schlesner Matthias , Wick Wolfgang , Kessler Tobias
Published: February 2024

Tumor microtubes (TMs) connect glioma cells to a network with considerable relevance for tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, the determination of TM-interconnectivity in individual tumors is challenging and the impact on patient survival unresolved. Here, we establish a connectivity signature from single-cell RNA-sequenced (scRNA-Seq) xenografted primary glioblastoma (GB) cells using a dye uptake methodology, and validate it with recording of cellular calcium epochs and clinical correlations. Astrocyte-like and mesenchymal-like GB cells have the highest connectivity signature scores in scRNA-sequenced patient-derived xenografts and patient samples. In large GB cohorts, TM-network connectivity correlates with the mesenchymal subtype and dismal patient survival. CHI3L1 gene expression serves as a robust molecular marker of connectivity and functionally influences TM networks. The connectivity signature allows insights into brain tumor biology, provides a proof-of-principle that tumor cell TM-connectivity is relevant for patients’ prognosis, and serves as a robust prognostic biomarker.
Intrinsic supercurrent non-reciprocity coupled to the crystal structure of a van der Waals Josephson barrier
Authors: Kim Jae-Keun , Jeon Kun-Rok , Sivakumar Pranava K. , Jeon Jaechun , Koerner Chris , Woltersdorf Georg , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: February 2024

Non-reciprocal electronic transport in a spatially homogeneous system arises from the simultaneous breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetries. Superconducting and Josephson diodes, a key ingredient for future non-dissipative quantum devices, have recently been realized. Only a few examples of a vertical superconducting diode effect have been reported and its mechanism, especially whether intrinsic or extrinsic, remains elusive. Here we demonstrate a substantial supercurrent non-reciprocity in a van der Waals vertical Josephson junction formed with a Td-WTe2 barrier and NbSe2 electrodes that clearly reflects the intrinsic crystal structure of Td-WTe2. The Josephson diode efficiency increases with the Td-WTe2 thickness up to critical thickness, and all junctions, irrespective of the barrier thickness, reveal magneto-chiral characteristics with respect to a mirror plane of Td-WTe2. Our results, together with the twist-angle-tuned magneto-chirality of a Td-WTe2 double-barrier junction, show that two-dimensional materials promise vertical Josephson diodes with high efficiency and tunability.
Logical rotation of non-separable states via uniformly self-assembled chiral superstructures
Authors: Zhang Yi-Heng , Liu Si-Jia , Chen Peng , Zhu Dong , Chen Wen , Ge Shi-Jun , Wang Yu , Zhang Zhi-Feng , Lu Yan-Qing
Published: February 2024

The next generation of high-capacity, multi-task optical informatics requires sophisticated manipulation of multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs) of light, especially when they are coupled in a non-separable way. Vector beam, as a typical non-separable state between the spin and orbital angular momentum DoFs, mathematically akin to entangled qubits, has inspired multifarious theories and applications in both quantum and classical regimes. Although qubit rotation is a vital and ubiquitous operation in quantum informatics, its classical analogue is rarely studied. Here, we demonstrate the logical rotation of vectorial non-separable states via the uniform self-assembled chiral superstructures, with favorable controllability, high compactness and exemption from formidable alignment. Photonic band engineering of such 1D chiral photonic crystal renders the incident-angle-dependent evolution of the spatially-variant polarizations. The logical rotation angle of a non-separable state can be tuned in a wide range over 4π by this single homogeneous device, flexibly providing a set of distinguished logic gates. Potential applications, including angular motion tracking and proof-of-principle logic network, are demonstrated by specific configuration. This work brings important insight into soft matter photonics and present an elegant strategy to harness high-dimensional photonic states.
Petal abscission is promoted by jasmonic acid-induced autophagy at Arabidopsis petal bases
Authors: Furuta Yuki , Yamamoto Haruka , Hirakawa Takeshi , Uemura Akira , Pelayo Margaret Anne , Iimura Hideaki , Katagiri Naoya , Takeda-Kamiya Noriko , Kumaishi Kie , Shirakawa Makoto , Ishiguro Sumie , Ichihashi Yasunori , Suzuki Takamasa , Goh Tatsuaki , Toyooka Kiminori , Ito Toshiro , Yamaguchi Nobutoshi
Published: February 2024

In angiosperms, the transition from floral-organ maintenance to abscission determines reproductive success and seed dispersion. For petal abscission, cell-fate decisions specifically at the petal-cell base are more important than organ-level senescence or cell death in petals. However, how this transition is regulated remains unclear. Here, we identify a jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated chromatin-state switch at the base of Arabidopsis petals that directs local cell-fate determination via autophagy. During petal maintenance, co-repressors of JA signaling accumulate at the base of petals to block MYC activity, leading to lower levels of ROS. JA acts as an airborne signaling molecule transmitted from stamens to petals, accumulating primarily in petal bases to trigger chromatin remodeling. This allows MYC transcription factors to promote chromatin accessibility for downstream targets, including NAC DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN102 (ANAC102). ANAC102 accumulates specifically at the petal base prior to abscission and triggers ROS accumulation and cell death via AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENEs induction. Developmentally induced autophagy at the petal base causes maturation, vacuolar delivery, and breakdown of autophagosomes for terminal cell differentiation. Dynamic changes in vesicles and cytoplasmic components in the vacuole occur in many plants, suggesting JA–NAC-mediated local cell-fate determination by autophagy may be conserved in angiosperms.
Relaxation of mitochondrial hyperfusion in the diabetic retina via N6-furfuryladenosine confers neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status
Authors: Anderson Aidan , Alfahad Nada , Wimalachandra Dulani , Bouzinab Kaouthar , Rudzinska Paula , Wood Heather , Fazey Isabel , Xu Heping , Lyons Timothy J. , Barnes Nicholas M. , Narendran Parth , Lord Janet M. , Rauz Saaeha , Ganley Ian G. , Curtis Tim M. , Wallace Graham R. , Hombrebueno Jose R.
Published: February 2024

The recovery of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) may bring innovative solutions for neuroprotection, while imposing a significant challenge given the need of holistic approaches to restore mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission) and turnover (mitophagy and biogenesis). In diabetic retinopathy, this is compounded by our lack of understanding of human retinal neurodegeneration, but also how MQC processes interact during disease progression. Here, we show that mitochondria hyperfusion is characteristic of retinal neurodegeneration in human and murine diabetes, blunting the homeostatic turnover of mitochondria and causing metabolic and neuro-inflammatory stress. By mimicking this mitochondrial remodelling in vitro, we ascertain that N6-furfuryladenosine enhances mitochondrial turnover and bioenergetics by relaxing hyperfusion in a controlled fashion. Oral administration of N6-furfuryladenosine enhances mitochondrial turnover in the diabetic mouse retina (Ins2Akita males), improving clinical correlates and conferring neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status. Our findings provide translational insights for neuroprotection in the diabetic retina through the holistic recovery of MQC.
Small-pore hydridic frameworks store densely packed hydrogen
Authors: Oh Hyunchul , Tumanov Nikolay , Ban Voraksmy , Li Xiao , Richter Bo , Hudson Matthew R. , Brown Craig M. , Iles Gail N. , Wallacher Dirk , Jorgensen Scott W. , Daemen Luke , Balderas-Xicohténcatl Rafael , Cheng Yongqiang , Ramirez-Cuesta Anibal J. , Heere Michael , Posada-Pérez Sergio , Hautier Geoffroy , Hirscher Michael , Jensen Torben R. , Filinchuk Yaroslav
Published: February 2024

Nanoporous materials have attracted great attention for gas storage, but achieving high volumetric storage capacity remains a challenge. Here, by using neutron powder diffraction, volumetric gas adsorption, inelastic neutron scattering and first-principles calculations, we investigate a magnesium borohydride framework that has small pores and a partially negatively charged non-flat interior for hydrogen and nitrogen uptake. Hydrogen and nitrogen occupy distinctly different adsorption sites in the pores, with very different limiting capacities of 2.33 H2 and 0.66 N2 per Mg(BH4)2. Molecular hydrogen is packed extremely densely, with about twice the density of liquid hydrogen (144 g H2 per litre of pore volume). We found a penta-dihydrogen cluster where H2 molecules in one position have rotational freedom, whereas H2 molecules in another position have a well-defined orientation and a directional interaction with the framework. This study reveals that densely packed hydrogen can be stabilized in small-pore materials at ambient pressures.
COBRA improves the completeness and contiguity of viral genomes assembled from metagenomes
Authors: Chen LinXing , Banfield Jillian F.
Published: February 2024

Viruses are often studied using metagenome-assembled sequences, but genome incompleteness hampers comprehensive and accurate analyses. Contig Overlap Based Re-Assembly (COBRA) resolves assembly breakpoints based on the de Bruijn graph and joins contigs. Here we benchmarked COBRA using ocean and soil viral datasets. COBRA accurately joined the assembled sequences and achieved notably higher genome accuracy than binning tools. From 231 published freshwater metagenomes, we obtained 7,334 bacteriophage clusters, ~83% of which represent new phage species. Notably, ~70% of these were circular, compared with 34% before COBRA analyses. We expanded sampling of huge phages (≥200 kbp), the largest of which was curated to completion (717 kbp). Improved phage genomes from Rotsee Lake provided context for metatranscriptomic data and indicated the in situ activity of huge phages, whiB-encoding phages and cysC- and cysH-encoding phages. COBRA improves viral genome assembly contiguity and completeness, thus the accuracy and reliability of analyses of gene content, diversity and evolution.