bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging-based characterization of tumoral heterogeneity for personalized cancer treatment
Authors: Haag Florian , Hertel Alexander , Tharmaseelan Hishan , Kuru Mustafa , Haselmann Verena , Brochhausen Christoph , Schönberg Stefan O , Froelich Matthias F
Published: November 2023

With personalized tumor therapy, understanding and addressing the heterogeneity of malignant tumors is becoming increasingly important. Heterogeneity can be found within one lesion (intralesional) and between several tumor lesions emerging from one primary tumor (interlesional). The heterogeneous tumor cells may show a different response to treatment due to their biology, which in turn influences the outcome of the affected patients and the choice of therapeutic agents. Therefore, both intra- and interlesional heterogeneity should be addressed at the diagnostic stage. While genetic and biological heterogeneity are important parameters in molecular tumor characterization and in histopathology, they are not yet addressed routinely in medical imaging. This article summarizes the recently established markers for tumor heterogeneity in imaging as well as heterogeneous/mixed response to therapy. Furthermore, a look at emerging markers is given. The ultimate goal of this overview is to provide comprehensive understanding of tumor heterogeneity and its implications for radiology and for communication with interdisciplinary teams in oncology.

Key points:
Ängstlichkeit, Depressivität, psychische Belastung
und Körperbeschwerden vor und nach der Covid-19-Pandemie in einer
deutschen Längsschnittstudie bei Erwachsenen aus Sachsen
Authors: Berth Hendrik , Brähler Elmar , Braunheim Lisa , Zenger Markus , Stöbel-Richter Yve , Emmerich Franziska , Richter Ernst Peter , Irmscher Lisa
Published: November 2023

Ziel der Studie Es wird untersucht, ob es im Zuge der Coronapandemie zu
einer Erhöhung der psychischen Belastung in einer deutschen
Normalbevölkerungsstichprobe Erwachsener aus Sachsen kommt.

Methodik 2017/2018 und 2022 wurden je N=289
Teilnehmer:innen (54,7% weiblich) der Sächsischen
Längsschnittstudie mittels Fragebögen (PHQ-4, SSS-8) zu ihrem
psychischen Befinden befragt.

Ergebnisse Im Vergleich von 2017/2018 zu 2022 kommt es zu einer
signifikanten Zunahme der Beschwerden (Ängstlichkeit,
Depressivität, psychische Belastung, Körperbeschwerden) mit
Effektstärken im kleinen und mittleren Bereich (Cohens
d=0.26-0.62).

Schlussfolgerung Die Datenerhebung erfolgte nicht aufgrund der Pandemie
sondern routinemäßig in einer existierenden
Langzeituntersuchung. Die Coronapandemie führte in einer
sächsischen, altershomogenen Stichprobe längsschnittlich zu
einem Anstieg der psychischen Belastung und der Körperbeschwerden.
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy after Bariatric Surgery: Etiology, Risk Factors, and How to Manage It
Authors: Amaral-Moreira Carolina de Freitas Alves , Redezuk Guilherme , Pereira Belmiro Gonçalves , Borovac-Pinheiro Anderson , Rehder Patricia Moretti
Published: November 2023

Objective Pregnancy after bariatric surgery is a reality of the 21st century and therefore is essential that all obstetricians know how to manage it. The most prevalent nutritional deficiency is iron deficiency and, consequently, anemia. Although bariatric surgery and pregnancy are already risk factors for anemia, we evaluated in our study if there were any other risk factors and actions to improve hemoglobin levels in this population.

Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study, and performed frequency measurements and analyzes of odds ratio, X2 and Fisher exact test to evaluate the risk factors.

Results We evaluated 44 pregnancies after bariatric surgery, with an incidence of anemia of 62%, and the only identifiable risk factor for anemia was being black. As for the treatment, the iron salt used for oral supplementation did not associate with anemia risk, and in 27% of the patients, the adjustment of the oral dosage was enough for improvement in hemoglobin levels, but in 36% supplementation with intravenous iron was necessary.

Conclusion Being black is a risk factor for anemia. The type of iron salt does not correlate with the incidence of anemia, and for the treatment and improvement of iron dosages, it seems an effective increase in iron intake.
Thyroid Volume in Pregnancy is Associated with Parity, Gestational Age, and Body Mass Index in an Iodine-sufficient Area
Authors: Monteiro Mariana Couto , Assayag Gabriela , Botler Ricardo , Bergamin Anice , Conceição Flávia Lúcia , Silva de Morais Nathalie , Seixas Roberto Perrota de , Berbara Tatiana Martins Benvenuto Louro , Schtscherbyna Annie , Corcino Carolina Martins , Saraiva Débora Ayres , Vaisman Mário , Teixeira Patrícia Fátima Santos
Published: November 2023

Objective We compared thyroid volume (TV) and presence of nodular goiter (NG) in pregnant vs. non-pregnant women in an iodine-sufficient area. We also evaluated the relationship between gestational age, parity, and TV in the pregnant women group, and determined the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of normal TV in pregnancy.

Methods This cross-sectional study included 299 healthy women (216 pregnant) without previous thyroid diseases. Thyroid ultrasounds were performed and compared between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The range of normal distribution of TV (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) in pregnancy was determined after excluding individuals with positive thyroid antibodies, NG, and/or abnormal serum thyrotropin (TSH) or free thyroxine (FT4).

Results Thyroid volume was larger among pregnant compared to non-pregnant women (8.6 vs 6.1 cm3; p < 0.001) and was positively correlated with gestational age (rs = 0.221; p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI, rs 0.165; p = 0.002), and FT4 levels (rs 0.118 p = 0.021). Nodular goiter frequency did not differ between the two groups. There was a negative correlation between TV and TSH (rs -0.13; p = 0.014). Thyroid volume was lower among primiparous compared to multiparous patients (7.8 vs 8.9; p < 0.001) and was positively correlated with parity (rs 0.161; p = 0.016). The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of TV were 4.23 and 16.47 cm3, respectively.

Conclusion Thyroid volume was higher in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women and was positively related to parity, BMI, and gestational age in a normal iodine status population. Pregnancy did not interfere with the development of NG.
The dialectic of desire: AI chatbots and the desire not to know
Authors: Black Jack
Published: November 2023

Exploring the relationship between humans and AI chatbots, as well as the ethical concerns surrounding their use, this paper argues that our relations with chatbots are not solely based on their function as a source of knowledge, but, rather, on the desire for the subject not to know. It is argued that, outside of the very fears and anxieties that underscore our adoption of AI, the desire not to know reveals the potential to embrace the very loss AI avers. Consequently, rather than proposing a knowledge that seeks to disavow loss, we can instead recognize the potential in loss itself: an opportunity to assert and define the gap inherent to both the subject and AI we create.
Measurement of ion temperature and toroidal flow during magnetic reconnection with a large guide field
Authors: Goodman A. , Ji H. , Bose S. , Yoo J. , Alt A.
Published: November 2023

Ion temperature and toroidal flow along the guide field direction are measured using a new ion tomographic diagnostic on the Magnetic Reconnection eXperiment (MRX) during magnetic reconnection with a guide field strength of about 1.4 and 2.1 times the strength of the reconnecting component. Strong toroidal flows, beyond what has been measured in anti-parallel and lower guide field conditions on MRX, are observed. Sustained ion heating with no discernible structure within the measurement region is also observed. Probe measurements including Langmuir and Mach probe measurements are made to support the tomographic inversion of line-integrated measurements, as well as to provide local measurements of plasma parameters. Measurements of toroidal velocity and ion temperature are supported with time series data. Energy flow into and out of the X-line region is estimated using a guiding center framework and presented in the Appendix of this manuscript, suggesting an outsized role played by parallel electric field in energizing ions. The guiding center approximation is not well satisfied in the region of interest; however, the estimates provide a springboard for future, further experimentation.
Bulk-to-boundary anyon fusion from microscopic models
Authors: Magdalena de la Fuente Julio C. , Eisert Jens , Bauer Andreas
Published: November 2023

Topological quantum error correction based on the manipulation of the anyonic defects constitutes one of the most promising frameworks towards realizing fault-tolerant quantum devices. Hence, it is crucial to understand how these defects interact with external defects such as boundaries or domain walls. Motivated by this line of thought, in this work, we study the fusion events between anyons in the bulk and at the boundary in fixed-point models of 2 + 1-dimensional non-chiral topological order defined by arbitrary fusion categories. Our construction uses generalized tube algebra techniques to construct a bi-representation of bulk and boundary defects. We explicitly derive a formula to calculate the fusion multiplicities of a bulk-to-boundary fusion event for twisted quantum double models and calculate some exemplary fusion events for Abelian models and the (twisted) quantum double model of S3, the simplest non-Abelian group-theoretical model. Moreover, we use the folding trick to study the anyonic behavior at non-trivial domain walls between twisted S3 and twisted Z2 as well as Z3 models. A recurring theme in our construction is an isomorphism relating twisted cohomology groups to untwisted ones. The results of this work can directly be applied to study logical operators in two-dimensional topological error correcting codes with boundaries described by a twisted gauge theory of a finite group.
A miniaturized piezoelectric Mössbauer spectrometer with feedback control
Authors: Guzman P. , Quine C. M. , Lohaus S. H. , Schul L. , Toda R. , Scott V. J. , Fultz B.
Published: November 2023

A Mössbauer spectrometer was built and evaluated using an amplified piezoelectric actuator under feedback control for the Doppler velocity drive. The actuator was driven with a quadratic displacement waveform, giving a linear velocity profile. The optimization of the piezoelectric Doppler drive under feedback control was performed with measurements from a laser Doppler vibrometer. 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of α-iron in transmission geometry show minimal peak distortions. The performance of this piezoelectric Doppler drive makes Mössbauer spectrometry possible in applications requiring small size, mass, and low cost.
A versatile and narrow linewidth infrared radiation source for ro-vibration state-selected preparation of molecules in molecular beams
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Shirhatti Pranav R.
Published: November 2023

We describe the design and characterization of a versatile pulsed (5 ns, 10 Hz repetition rate) optical parametric oscillator and amplifier system capable of generating single longitudinal mode, narrow linewidth (0.01 cm−1) radiations in the wavelength range of 680–870 nm and 1380–4650 nm. Using a combination of power-normalized photoacoustic signal and a Fizeau interferometer-based wavemeter, we are able to actively stabilize the output wavenumber to within 0.005 cm−1 (3σ) over a timescale longer than 1000 s. We demonstrate an application of this system by performing ro-vibration state-selected preparation of CO in the v = 2 state, via direct overtone excitation (v = 0 → 2 at 2346 nm) and subsequent state-selected detection in an internally cold molecular beam.
Scanning probe microscopy in the age of machine learning
Authors: Rahman Laskar Md Ashiqur , Celano Umberto
Published: November 2023

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has revolutionized our ability to explore the nanoscale world, enabling the imaging, manipulation, and characterization of materials at the atomic and molecular level. However, conventional SPM techniques suffer from limitations, such as slow data acquisition, low signal-to-noise ratio, and complex data analysis. In recent years, the field of machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing complex datasets and extracting meaningful patterns and features in multiple fields. The combination of ML with SPM techniques has the potential to overcome many of the limitations of conventional SPM methods and unlock new opportunities for nanoscale research. In this review article, we will provide an overview of the recent developments in ML-based SPM, including its applications in topography imaging, surface characterization, and secondary imaging modes, such as electrical, spectroscopic, and mechanical datasets. We will also discuss the challenges and opportunities of integrating ML with SPM techniques and highlight the potential impact of this interdisciplinary field on various fields of science and engineering.
Grain size dependence of grain rotation under high pressure and high temperature
Authors: Liu Qian , Xiong Zhengwei , Liu Xiaoru , Fang Leiming , Lv Chao , Yang Jia , Liu Yi , Zhang Youjun , Zhu Wenkun , Li Jun , Yu Yuying , Gao Zhipeng
Published: November 2023

Grain rotation caused by the movement of dislocations is a determinant factor for the mechanical behavior of metals. In general, the grain rotation may be mediated by grain boundary dislocations (GB-dis) and intragranular dislocations (In-dis), which are closely associated with grain size. Few works have investigated how grain size depends on grain rotation, and the competitive mechanism between GB-dis and In-dis remains unclear. The present work investigates the structural evolution and deformation of coarse-grained tungsten under high pressure. The results show that under high pressure, the nano-sized grains preferentially rotate with dislocation climbing in GBs. Under high pressure, In-dis migrate faster across coarse grains and are absorbed by GBs on the other side, resulting in grain rotation. Elevated temperature also facilitates the migration of In-dis to arrive GBs where they can be absorbed by GBs, thus promoting grain rotation. The theoretical results show that grain rotation occurs easily under high pressure and high temperature. With increasing grain size, the stress-induced rotation mechanism goes from being dominated by GB-dis to being dominated by In-dis migration. The competitive relationship between GB-dis and In-dis during grain rotation is elaborated, providing a new strategy for designing materials under high pressure.
Analysis and design of the optimal radius gap of the piston pair
Authors: Chen Xufeng , Yan Liang , Gao Xiaoshan
Published: November 2023

The axial piston pump plays a crucial role as a power component in the hydraulic system. As one of the important friction pairs, the piston pair has a significant influence on the mechanical and volumetric efficiency of the axial piston pump, where the gap of the piston pair has a considerable effect on the lubrication and overall efficiency of the piston. However, there are a few studies on the gap of the piston pair and there is a lack of relevant theoretical support for the design of the gap of the piston pair, especially when the piston has spin motion. To tackle this problem, we propose a CORG (critical and optimal radius gap) design method for the gap of the piston pair based on the critical radius gap and the optimal radius gap. Specifically, we first provide a theoretical proof for the existence of the critical radius gap. Then, considering that the piston has spin motion, we analyze the power loss of the piston pair and define the leakage power loss and viscous dissipation power loss according to the physical meaning. Meanwhile, the minimum value of the total power loss of a single piston pair is taken as the optimization metric of the piston pair, and we further propose the optimal radius gap. Then, by combining the critical radius gap and the optimal radius gap of the piston pair, we propose the CORG design method for the radius gap of the piston pair and obtain a dimensionless CORG constant that should be satisfied in the design of the radius gap of the piston pair. In framework of the CORG design method, it can not only ensure that the total power loss of a single piston pair is minimized but also prevent the volumetric efficiency of the piston pair from being too low. Finally, the simulation model of the piston pair is built by AMESim software, and the correctness of the theoretical calculation results are further verified by comparing the simulation results with the theoretical calculation results. The CORG design method can further provide theoretical references for the design of the piston pair.
From ab initio to continuum: Linking multiple scales using deep-learned forces
Authors: Wu Haiyi , Liang Chenxing , Jeong Jinu , Aluru N. R.
Published: November 2023

We develop a deep learning-based algorithm, called DeepForce, to link ab initio physics with the continuum theory to predict concentration profiles of confined water. We show that the deep-learned forces can be used to predict the structural properties of water confined in a nanochannel with quantum scale accuracy by solving the continuum theory given by Nernst–Planck equation. The DeepForce model has an excellent predictive performance with a relative error less than 7.6% not only for confined water in small channel systems (L < 6 nm) but also for confined water in large channel systems (L = 20 nm) which are computationally inaccessible through the high accuracy ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we note that classical Molecular dynamics simulations can be inaccurate in capturing the interfacial physics of water in confinement (L < 4.0 nm) when quantum scale physics are neglected.
A review of Cu2O solar cell
Authors: Chen Sinuo , Wang Lichun , Zhou Chunlan , Yang Jinli
Published: November 2023

Cu2O-based solar cells offer a promising solution to address future energy challenges due to their affordability, eco-friendliness, and impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE). With the development of thin film deposition technology, the maximum PCE of single-junction solar cells fabricated based on Cu2O is 9.5%. Because the spectral sensitivity overlaps between Cu2O and crystalline silicon (c-Si) is small, Cu2O thin-film solar cells can be made into tandem solar cells with Si-based solar cells to achieve higher PCE. The Cu2O–Si tandem solar cell has been delivered 24.2% PCE in 2020, a time when the PCE of stand-alone silicon solar cells was 17.6%. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the development of Cu2O-based heterojunction, homojunction. The Cu2O material properties, n and p-type doping, the role of defects and impurities in bulk of films or at the interface of the p–n-junction and n-type buffer layer on the performance of Cu2O-based heterojunction like ZnO–Cu2O, and the difficulty in decreasing the interface state and doping in Cu2O homojunction solar cells are discussed. This review discusses the Cu2O film material preparation method, the history of Cu2O based solar cells, the essential factors required to enhance the performance of various types of Cu2O-based solar cells, and the potential future research opportunities for as a top subcells in Cu2O–Si tandem solar cells.
Heat conductivity from energy-density fluctuations
Authors: Drigo Enrico , Izzo Maria Grazia , Baroni Stefano
Published: November 2023

We present a method, based on the classical Green-Kubo theory of linear response, to compute the heat conductivity of extended systems, leveraging energy-density, rather than energy-current, fluctuations, thus avoiding the need to devise an analytical expression for the macroscopic energy flux. The implementation of this method requires the evaluation of the long-wavelength and low-frequency limits of a suitably defined correlation function, which we perform using a combination of recently-introduced cepstral-analysis and Bayesian extrapolation techniques. Our methodology is demonstrated against standard current-based Green-Kubo results for liquid argon and water, and solid amorphous Silica, and compared with a recently proposed similar technique, which utilizes mass-density, instead of energy-density, fluctuations.
Probing conduction band offsets and confined states at GaAs/GaAsNBi heterointerfaces
Authors: Huang T.-Y. , Occena J. , Greenhill C. , Borrely T. , Yang Y.-C. , Hu J. , Chen A. , Zinn C. , Jenkins K. , Li L. , Kurdak C. , Goldman R. S.
Published: November 2023

We probe the conduction-band offsets (CBOs) and confined states at GaAs/GaAsNBi quantum wells (QWs). Using a combination of capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements and self-consistent Schrödinger–Poisson simulations based on the effective mass approximation, we identify an N-fraction dependent increase in CBO, consistent with trends predicted by the band anti-crossing model. Using the computed confined electron states in conjunction with photoluminescence spectroscopy data, we show that N mainly influences the conduction band and confined electron states, with a relatively small effect on the valence band and confined hole states in the quaternary QWs. This work provides important insight toward tailoring CBO and confined electron energies, both needed for optimizing infrared optoelectronic devices.
Motion of a solid particle in an ore-lifting riser with transverse vibrations
Authors: Wei Mingzhu , Duan Jinlong , Wang Xu , Zhou Jifu
Published: November 2023

Deep-sea mining lifting risers experience vibrations induced by the action of ocean waves and currents, and these vibrations have an impact on the lifting efficiency of ores transported inside the risers. Here, to investigate the effect of riser vibration on ore transport, the motion of a single solid particle in a riser oscillating in the lateral direction is simulated taking account of collisions between the particle and the riser using the governing equation for motion of a spherical particle in Poiseuille flow and the Hertz–Mindlin soft sphere collision model. Validations are conducted based on comparisons between numerical and experimental results. Then, the motion of the particle in the vibrating riser is explored, considering the effects of the initial position of release of the particle, the frequency and amplitude of the riser vibrations, and collisions between the particle and the riser. It is found that the initial position of release affects only the initial motion of the particle, but not its overall motion. With increasing vibrational frequency and amplitude of the riser, the relative lateral velocity of the particle shows an increasing trend, while its vertical velocity and lifting distance are clearly decreased. The frequency with which the vertical particle velocity varies is twice as the vibrational frequency of the riser. Moreover, collisions have significant effects on the particle motion, especially on the velocities of the particle, the phase difference between the displacements of the particle and the vibrating riser, and the particle trajectory. Finally, the behavioral regime map of the particle under different vibrational frequencies and amplitudes of the riser is established preliminarily.
Organic optoelectrical synaptic transistors for color information processing
Authors: Liu Wanrong , Chen Wenzhong , Jin Chenxing , Xu Yunchao , Shi Xiaofang , He Biao , Peng Yongyi , Yang Junliang , Sun Jia
Published: November 2023

The light-induced synaptic transistors, with their large-scale and cost-effective benefits, hold significant promise for advancing neuromorphic electronics. In this work, we propose a hybrid phototransistor with a channel layer composed of C8-BTBT and PM6. This device exhibits an extended optical response range in comparison to pure C8-BTBT transistors. In addition, the device shows excellent synaptic plasticity under red, green, and blue light stimuli, with the potential for tuning through light dosage and pulse duration. The study further confirms consistent device performance and reliable operation. Moreover, we show that this type of device can be fabricated into array to write the letters “C”, “S”, and “U” and store red, green, and blue information. These experimental results show the excellent responsiveness and storage performance of our devices under red, green, and blue light stimuli, suggesting promising applications in artificial vision.
Fewer polymer chains but higher adhesion: How gradient-stiffness hydrogel layers mediate adhesion through network stretch
Authors: Hasan Md Mahmudul , Dunn Alison C.
Published: November 2023

The presence of gradient softer outer layers, commonly observed in biological systems (such as cartilage and ocular tissues), as well as synthetic crosslinked hydrogels, profoundly influences their interactions with opposing surfaces. Our prior research demonstrated that gradient-stiffness hydrogel layers, characterized by increasing elasticity with depth, control contact mechanics, particularly in proximity to the layer thickness. We postulate that the distribution of polymers within these gradient layers imparts extraordinary stretch and adhesion characteristics due to network adaptability and stress-induced reorganization. To investigate this phenomenon, we utilized Atomic Force Microscopy nanoindentation to assess the depth-dependent adhesion behavior of polyacrylamide hydrogels with varying gradient layer thicknesses. Two gradient layer thicknesses were achieved by employing different molding materials: glass and polyoxymethylene (POM). Glass-molded hydrogels exhibited a thinner gradient layer alongside a stiffer bulk layer compared to their POM-molded counterparts. In indentation experiments, the POM-molded hydrogel had larger adhesion compared to glass-molded hydrogel. We find that indenting within the gradient layer engenders increased load-unload hysteresis due to heightened fluid transport in the sparse outer polymer network. Consequently, this led to augmented adhesion and work of separation at shallow depths. We suggest that the prominent stretching capability of the sparse outer polymer network during probe retraction contributes to enhanced adhesion. The Maugis–Dugdale adhesive model only fits well to indentations on the thin layer or indentations which engage significantly with the bulk. These results facilitate a comprehensive characterization of adhesion mechanics in gradient-stiffness hydrogels, which could foster their application across emerging contexts in health science and environmental domains.
A convenient and robust design for diamond-based scanning probe microscopes
Authors: Chen Zhousheng , Ding Zhe , Wang Mengqi , Yu Pei , Yang Kai , Sun Yumeng , Wang Pengfei , Wang Ya , Shi Fazhan , Bao Xinhe , Du Jiangfeng
Published: November 2023

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have been developed as a sensitive magnetic sensor and broadly applied on condensed matter physics. We present a design of a scanning probe microscope based on a nitrogen-vacancy center that can operate under various experimental conditions, including a broad temperature range (20–500 K) and a high-vacuum condition (1 × 10−7 mbar). The design of a compact and robust scanning head and vacuum chamber system is presented, which ensures system stability while enabling the convenience of equipment operations. By showcasing the temperature control performance and presenting confocal images of a single-layer graphene and a diamond probe, along with images of a ferromagnetic strip and an epitaxial BiFeO3 film on the SrTiO3 substrate, we demonstrate the reliability of the instrument. Our study proposes a method and a corresponding design for this microscope that extends its potential applications in nanomagnetism and spintronics.
A call to arms: Making the case for more reusable libraries
Authors: Lehtola Susi
Published: November 2023

The traditional foundation of science lies on the cornerstones of theory and experiment. Theory is used to explain experiment, which in turn guides the development of theory. Since the advent of computers and the development of computational algorithms, computation has risen as the third cornerstone of science, joining theory and experiment on an equal footing. Computation has become an essential part of modern science, amending experiment by enabling accurate comparison of complicated theories to sophisticated experiments, as well as guiding by triage both the design and targets of experiments and the development of novel theories and computational methods. Like experiment, computation relies on continued investment in infrastructure: it requires both hardware (the physical computer on which the calculation is run) as well as software (the source code of the programs that performs the wanted simulations). In this Perspective, I discuss present-day challenges on the software side in computational chemistry, which arise from the fast-paced development of algorithms, programming models, as well as hardware. I argue that many of these challenges could be solved with reusable open source libraries, which are a public good, enhance the reproducibility of science, and accelerate the development and availability of state-of-the-art methods and improved software.
Physics-informed laboratory estimation of Sargassum windage
Authors: Olascoaga M. J. , Beron-Vera F. J. , Beyea R. T. , Bonner G. , Castellucci M. , Goni G. J. , Guigand C. , Putman N. F.
Published: November 2023

A recent Maxey–Riley theory for Sargassum raft motion, which models a raft as a network of elastically interacting finite size, buoyant particles, predicts the carrying flow velocity to be given by the weighted sum of the water and air velocities (1−α)v+αw. The theory provides a closed formula for parameter α, referred to as windage, depending on the water-to-particle-density ratio or buoyancy (δ). From a series of laboratory experiments in an air–water stream flume facility under controlled conditions, we estimate α ranging from 0.02% to 0.96%. On average, our windage estimates can be up to nine times smaller than that considered in conventional Sargassum raft transport modeling, wherein it is customary to add a fraction of w to v chosen in an ad hoc piecemeal manner. Using the formula provided by the Maxey–Riley theory, we estimate δ ranging from 1.00 to 1.49. This is consistent with direct δ measurements, ranging from 0.9 to 1.25, which provide support for our α estimation.
Numerical simulation of the dynamical behavior of a spinning cylinder partially filled with liquid
Authors: Jiang Zhongkai , Wang Guangding , Ge Shengxun , Yuan Huiqun
Published: November 2023

The flow pattern and transient response of a spinning cylinder partially filled with fluid are investigated in this paper. A two-dimensional finite element model of the fluid domain in the cylinder cavity is developed via the structured tetrahedral element. By using the volume of fluid model, the flow pattern of the liquid is examined numerically. Also, the effects of fluid type, rotating speed, and liquid height on the flow pattern are investigated. Then, the obtained fluid pressure exerted on the inner wall of the cylinder is considered as the input load, and transient dynamic analysis of the spinning liquid-filled cylinder is carried out. Finally, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effects of liquid type, spinning speed, and fluid height on the dynamical behavior of the system. The results show that these parameters greatly influence the fluid flow pattern and dynamic characteristics of the spinning liquid-filled cylinder system.
Pulsatile blood plasma flow over an endothelial cell monolayer
Authors: Psaraki Konstantina , Mitsoulas Vlasios , Dimakopoulos Yannis
Published: November 2023

We present a microfluidic cell culture platform for studying the responses of Endothelial Cells (ECs) under pulsatile flow conditions of blood plasma. Through numerical investigations, we explore the dynamic behaviors of the Endothelial Cell Monolayer under both physiological and extreme conditions, including the formation of recirculation zones. Furthermore, we conduct a quantitative analysis of the Wall Shear Stress (WSS) magnitude on the EC surface and evaluate the Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) to gain insights into the extent of WSS reversal within a single cycle across different spatial locations. Our findings reveal that the ECs deform in the direction of the flow, periodically returning to their initial position, with slight vertical deformation in the nanometer scale. In contrast to our previous observations for startup rheometry, cell membrane thinning is found to be more prominent at the lateral points of the cell protrusion, where fluid detachment from the cell surface initiates, rather than at the top. We further note that negative shear stresses emerge within the cytoplasm. Moreover, the shear stresses within the nucleus remain consistent for both rheometric protocols, while the normal stresses are slightly lower during pulsatile experiments. Finally, the model provides insight into the actual phenomena that arise in vivo as well as the expected behaviors in the vicinity of the endothelium of a vessel.
Nanoparticles and plant adaptations to abiotic stresses
Authors: Wu Honghong
Published: November 2023

Plant growth is always negatively affected by abiotic stresses. In the light of current climate trends, global food security will be critically dependent on our ability to minimise penalties imposed by various abiotic stresses (e.g. heat, drought, salinity, flooding, and nutritional disorders etc.) on crop growth and yield. Nanobiotechnology approach is known as a useful tool to improve plant performance under stress. This special issue summarises some recent findings in the field focusing on mechanisms by which externally applied nanoparticles improve plant performance under drought, salinity, and heavy metal stress.
The adaptive antioxidant response during fasting-induced muscle atrophy is oppositely regulated by ZEB1 and ZEB2
Authors: Ninfali Chiara , Cortés Marlies , Martínez-Campanario M. C. , Domínguez Verónica , Han Lu , Tobías Ester , Esteve-Codina Anna , Enrich Carlos , Pintado Belén , Garrabou Gloria , Postigo Antonio
Published: November 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve important homeostatic functions but must be constantly neutralized by an adaptive antioxidant response to prevent supraphysiological levels of ROS from causing oxidative damage to cellular components. Here, we report that the cellular plasticity transcription factors ZEB1 and ZEB2 modulate in opposing directions the adaptive antioxidant response to fasting in skeletal muscle. Using transgenic mice in which
Zeb1
or
Zeb2
were specifically deleted in skeletal myofibers, we show that in fasted mice, the deletion of
Zeb1
, but not
Zeb2
, increased ROS production and that the adaptive antioxidant response to fasting essentially requires ZEB1 and is inhibited by ZEB2. ZEB1 expression increased in fasted muscles and protected them from atrophy; conversely, ZEB2 expression in muscles decreased during fasting and exacerbated muscle atrophy. In fasted muscles, ZEB1 reduces mitochondrial damage and increases mitochondrial respiratory activity; meanwhile, ZEB2 did the opposite. Treatment of fasting mice with
Zeb1
-deficient myofibers with the antioxidant triterpenoid 1[2-cyano-3,12-dioxool-eana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl] trifluoro-ethylamide (CDDO-TFEA) completely reversed their altered phenotype to that observed in fasted control mice. These results set ZEB factors as potential therapeutic targets to modulate the adaptive antioxidant response in physiopathological conditions and diseases caused by redox imbalance.
From Struggle to Success: The Osoyoos Indian Band’s Journey into Agritourism and Economic Prosperity
Authors: Ibrahim Zainub , Jaffer Ahmed , McCarthy-Kennedy Fiona
Published: November 2023

In the province of British Columbia, Canada, the Osoyoos Indian Band (OIB) employs agritourism, specifically wine tourism, to serve their community economically and socially. Once on the verge of bankruptcy, they are now one of the wealthiest First Nations in the country, and their participation in the wine industry has played a critical role in this transformation. The OIB has been involved in the wine industry for over three decades. Beginning in 1968 with only 200 acres of vineyard, they currently own and operate one of the largest vineyards in the Okanagan Valley, and an award-winning winery Nk’Mip Cellars – the first Indigenous-owned and operated winery in the world. The winery was part of a broader development plan called the Nk’Mip Project. The project encompassed various planned developments, including the Nk’Mip Desert Cultural Centre which acts as a value-added attraction for those tourists visiting the winery and its vineyards. Economic self-sufficiency through economic development projects is the core belief of the OIB. Chief Louie says that their band has always had a business culture and they have continued to evolve. These developments have allowed the OIB to diversify its revenue streams, protect its lands, and promote its culture and history.

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Characteristics of Speed–Acceleration Phase Diagram of Migrating Cells
Authors: Ma 马 Yikai 一凯 , Chen 陈 Wei 唯
Published: November 2023

Cell movement behavior is one of the most interesting biological problems in physics, biology, and medicine. We experimentally investigate the characteristics of random cell motion during migration. Observing cell motion trajectories under a microscope, we employ a nonlinear dynamics method to construct a speed–acceleration phase diagram. Our analysis reveals the presence of a fixed point in this phase diagram, which suggests that migrating cells possess a stable state. Cells that deviate from this stable state display a tendency to return to it, following the streamline trends of an attractor structure in the phase diagram. We derive a set of characteristic values describing cell motion, encompassing inherent speed, inherent acceleration, characteristic time for speed change, and characteristic time for acceleration change. We develop a differential equation model based on experimental data and conduct numerical calculations. The computational results align with the findings obtained from experiments. Our research suggests that the asymmetrical characteristics observed in cell motion near an inherent speed primarily arise from properties of inherent acceleration of cells.
Ising-like models on Euclidean black holes
Authors: Saeed Mustafa , Husain Viqar
Published: November 2023

We study spin models on Euclidean black hole backgrounds. These resemble the Ising model, but are inhomogeneous with two parameters, the black hole mass and the cosmological constant. We use Monte-Carlo methods to study macroscopic properties of these systems for Schwarzschild and anti-deSitter black holes in four and five dimensions for spin-1/2 and spin-1. We find in every case that increasing the black hole mass causes the spins to undergo a second order phase transition from disorder to order and that the phase transition occurs at sub-Planckian black hole mass.
Quantization of spherically symmetric loop quantum gravity coupled to a scalar field and a clock: the asymptotic limit
Authors: Gambini Rodolfo , Pullin Jorge
Published: November 2023

We continue our work on the study of spherically symmetric loop quantum gravity coupled to two spherically symmetric scalar fields, one which acts as a clock. As a consequence of the presence of the latter, we can define a true Hamiltonian for the theory. The spherically symmetric context allows to carry out precise detailed calculations. Here we study the theory for regions of large values of the radial coordinate. This allows us to define in detail the vacuum of the theory and study its quantum states, yielding a quantum field theory on a quantum space time that makes contact with the usual treatment on classical space times.
Periodic boundary conditions and G
2 cosmology
Authors: Coley A A , Lim W C
Published: November 2023

In the standard concordance cosmology the spatial curvature is assumed to be constant and zero (or at least very small). In particular, in numerical computations of the structure of the Universe using N-body simulations, exact periodic boundary conditions are assumed which constrains the spatial curvature. In order to confirm this qualitatively, we numerically evolve a special class of spatially inhomogeneous G
2 models with both periodic initial data and non periodic initial data using zooming techniques. We consequently demonstrate that in these models periodic initial conditions do indeed suppress the growth of the spatial curvature as the models evolve away from their initial isotropic and spatially homogeneous state, thereby verifying that the spatial curvature is necessarily very small in standard cosmology.
Nanowire breakup via a morphological instability enhanced by surface electromigration
Authors: Khenner Mikhail
Published: November 2023

Using a recent continuum model of a single-crystal nanowire morphological evolution in the applied axial electric field, an axisymmetric evolution of a microscopically rough nanowire surface is computed. Morphological evolution results in a wire breakup into a cylindrical segments (particles). Breakup time and the number of particles are characterized for various levels of the radial and axial surface roughness. It is shown that electromigration and larger surface roughness lead to a shorter breakup time and the increased number of particles.
On a stochastic generalized delayed SIR model with vaccination and treatment
Authors: Marković Milica , Krstić Marija
Published: November 2023

In this paper we consider a stochastic susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) epidemiological model which is obtained on the basis of the deterministic SIR epidemiological model with general incidence rate, distributed delay, general treatment and vaccination. For our model we first prove existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution and then we consider conditions under which disease survives in population by proving the existence of ergodic stationary distribution. Also, the stochastic model adopts the disease-free equilibrium from it is deterministic analogue, and we investigate conditions under which it is stable in probability. Finally, the numerical simulations with real life date are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results.
Application of genetic algorithm for the synthesis of path-generating compliant mechanisms
Authors: Wollmann Joanna , Muschalski Lars , Wang Zhenbi , Zichner Marco , Winkler Anja , Modler Niels
Published: November 2023

This study demonstrates a significant achievement in using the Genetic Algorithms technique to design compliant mechanisms capable of tracking a predetermined non-linear output path. The main objective of this research is to develop a computational optimization framework for generating mechanisms that satisfy the specified input requirements with the highest precision. The authors present a tool that incorporates a Python interface and ANSYS MAPDL software for modeling, solving, and optimizing compliant mechanisms. The optimization objective and algorithm are outlined, followed by a report of the results and recommendations for future research directions.
Development of metal-insulated iron-based superconducting coils and charging tests under high magnetic fields up to 32 T
Authors: Li Chunyan , Zhou Jin , Zhu Yanchang , Liu Cong , Kang Rui , Wang Yingzhe , Wang Chengtao , Feng Ze , Wang Juan , Zhang Xianping , Wang Dongliang , Jiang Donghui , Xi Chuanying , Qian Xinxing , Liu Fang , Ma Yanwei , Xu Qingjin
Published: November 2023

To explore the potential of iron-based superconducting (IBS) tapes in high-field applications, IBS pancake coils were dry-wound using the uninsulated IBS tape, supplemented with cowound stainless steel tapes for reinforcement. We have successfully fabricated a double pancake coil (DP-1) and a series-connected coil consisting of six DP coils (DP-6). These coils underwent multiple charging tests in a 35 T resistive magnet and retesting in a 14 T superconducting magnet. After conducting multiple rounds of retesting in two different background field magnets, it was found that the IBS coils did not show any degradation in their current-carrying performance. The critical current (I
c) value of the DP-1 at 4.2 K and 32 T reached 60 A. To systematically evaluate the I
c performance of the six coils in the DP-6, we monitored the V–I curves between 26 voltage taps. The resistive voltage rise was observed at low charging currents, indicating that each coil has suffered different levels of damage. Nevertheless, the overcurrent tests demonstrated that the IBS coil can still carry a current far exceeding its I
c without irreversible degradation. We concluded the possible reasons for these phenomena by analyzing the experimental details and test data. In addition, the coil’s internal structure was observed to assess the quality of coil winding, joint soldering, and epoxy resin impregnation. This study will provide references for the electromagnetic and mechanical properties of IBS tapes under ultra-high magnetic fields and contribute to the future development of higher-performance practical IBS coils.
Contextuality, coherences, and quantum Cheshire cats
Authors: Hance Jonte R , Ji Ming , Hofmann Holger F
Published: November 2023

We analyse the quantum Cheshire cat using contextuality theory, to see if this can tell us anything about how best to interpret this paradox. We show that this scenario can be analysed using the relation between three different measurements, which seem to result in a logical contradiction. We discuss how this contextual behaviour links to weak values, and coherences between prohibited states. Rather than showing a property of the particle is disembodied, the quantum Cheshire cat instead demonstrates the effects of these coherences, which are typically found in pre- and post-selected systems.
The antibacterial and toxicological studies of mycosynthesis silver nanoparticles by isolated phenols from agaricus bisporus
Authors: Mehrdel Baharak , Yehya Ashwaq Hamid Salem , Dheyab Mohammed Ali , Jameel Mahmood S , Aziz Azlan Abdul , Nikbakht Ali , Khaniabadi Pegah Moradi , Alrosan Mohammad , Rabeea Muwafaq Ayesh , Kareem Alyaa Abdulhussein
Published: November 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely utilized in biomedical and antibacterial fields. However, their use poses a risk and danger of Ag+ absorption into human tissue via skin penetration. This study focuses on the facile and eco-friendly approach to synthesizing uniformly distributed and spherically shaped phenol capped AgNPs using Agaricus bisporus. The synthesis process was monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy peak at 430 nm. Further characterizations were performed by XRD, and TEM. The phenol-capped AgNPs (average diameter is 11.81 nm) exhibit excellent colloidal stability in an aqueous solution with a zeta potential of −32.9 mV. The presence of phenols in the AgNPs suspension, which include CAFFICACID, QUERCETIN, GALLIC ACID, ROSMARINIC ACID, SINAPIC, and SYNIRGIC was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The study investigated their antibacterial activity against colonies of palm-hand bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria even in small doses was investigated. Damage to the cell wall, mitochondria, and DNA by nanoparticles has been proposed as an antibacterial mechanism. Toxicological parameters such as histological study of skin and vital organ tissue, hematological, serum biochemistry, and fatality incidence were investigated. There were no harmful effects or damage caused by phenol-capped AgNPs in albino mouse organs when compared to the vehicle group. Toxicological evidence supports the use of mycosynthesized phenol-capped AgNPs in non-alcohol hand sanitizer.