bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFRARED SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION DECOMPOSITION OF WISE-SELECTED, HYPERLUMINOUS HOT DUST-OBSCURED GALAXIES
Authors: Fan(范璐璐) Lulu , Han(韩云坤) Yunkun , Nikutta Robert , Drouart Guillaume , Knudsen Kirsten K.
Published: May 2016

We utilize a Bayesian approach to fit the observed mid-IR-to-submillimeter/millimeter spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 22 WISE-selected and submillimeter-detected, hyperluminous hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs), with spectroscopic redshift ranging from 1.7 to 4.6. We compare the Bayesian evidence of a torus plusgraybody (Torus+GB) model with that of a torus-only (Torus) model and find that the Torus+GB model has higher Bayesian evidence for all 22 Hot DOGs than the torus-only model, which presents strong evidence in favor of the Torus+GB model. By adopting the Torus+GB model, we decompose the observed IR SEDs of Hot DOGs into torus and cold dust components. The main results are as follows. (1) Hot DOGs in our submillimeter-detected sample are hyperluminous (

), with torus emission dominating the IR energy output. However, cold dust emission is non-negligible, contributing on average

of total IR luminosity. (2) Compared to QSO and starburst SED templates, the median SED of Hot DOGs shows the highest luminosity ratio between mid-IR and submillimeter at rest frame, while it is very similar to that of QSOs at

, suggesting that the heating sources of Hot DOGs should be buried AGNs. (3) Hot DOGs have high dust temperatures (

K) and high IR luminosity of cold dust. The

relation of Hot DOGs suggests that the increase in IR luminosity for Hot DOGs is mostly due to the increase of the dust temperature, rather than dust mass. Hot DOGs have lower dust masses than submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) and QSOs within a similar redshift range. Both high IR luminosity of cold dust and relatively low dust mass in Hot DOGs can be expected by their relatively high dust temperatures. (4) Hot DOGs have high dust-covering factors (CFs), which deviate from the previously proposed trend of the dust CF decreasing with increasing bolometric luminosity. Finally, we can reproduce the observed properties in Hot DOGs by employing a physical model of galaxy evolution. This result suggests that Hot DOGs may lie at or close to peaks of both star formation and black hole growth histories, and represent a transit phase during the evolutions of massive galaxies, transforming them from the dusty starburst-dominated phase to the optically bright QSO phase.
PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE ROSSBY WAVE INSTABILITY IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL BAROTROPIC DISK
Authors: Ono Tomohiro , Muto Takayuki , Takeuchi Taku , Nomura Hideko
Published: May 2016

Protoplanetary disks with non-axisymmetric structures have been observed. The Rossby wave instability (RWI) is considered as one of the origins of the non-axisymmetric structures. We perform linear stability analyses of the RWI in barotropic flow using four representative types of the background flow on a wide parameter space. We find that the co-rotation radius is located at the background vortensity minimum with large concavity if the system is marginally stable to the RWI, and this allows us to easily check the stability against the RWI. We newly derive the necessary and sufficient condition for the onset of the RWI in semi-analytic form. We discuss the applicability of the new condition in realistic systems and the physical nature of the RWI.
THE INFLUENCE OF OUTFLOW IN SUPERCRITICAL ACCRETION FLOWS
Authors: Zeraatgari Fatemeh Zahra , Abbassi Shahram , Mosallanezhad Amin
Published: May 2016

We solve the radiation-hydrodynamic equations of supercritical accretion flows in the presence of radiation force and outflow by using self-similar solutions. Similar to the pioneering works, in this paper we consider a power-law function for mass inflow rate as

. We found that s = 1 when the radiative cooling term is included in the energy equation. Correspondingly, the effective temperature profile with respect to the radius was obtained as

. In addition, we investigated the influence of the outflow on the dynamics of the accretion flow. We also calculated the continuum spectrum emitted from the disk surface as well as the bolometric luminosity of the accretion flow. Furthermore, our results show that the advection parameter, f, depends strongly on mass inflow rate.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE DISSOCIATIVE MERGER IN THE GALAXY CLUSTER CIZA J0107.7+5408
Authors: Randall S. W. , Clarke T. E. , Weeren R. J. van , Intema H. T. , Dawson W. A. , Mroczkowski T. , Blanton E. L. , Bulbul E. , Giacintucci S.
Published: May 2016

We present results based on X-ray, optical, and radio observations of the massive galaxy cluster CIZA J0107.7+5408. We find that this system is a post-core-passage, dissociative, binary merger, with the optical galaxy density peaks of each subcluster leading their associated X-ray emission peaks. This separation occurs because the diffuse gas experiences ram pressure forces, while the effectively collisionless galaxies (and presumably their associated dark matter (DM) halos) do not. This system contains double-peaked diffuse radio emission, possibly a double radio relic with the relics lying along the merger axis and also leading the X-ray cores. We find evidence for a temperature peak associated with the SW relic, likely created by the same merger shock that is powering the relic radio emission in this region. Thus, this system is a relatively rare, clean example of a dissociative binary merger, which can in principle be used to place constraints on the self-interaction cross-section of DM. Low-frequency radio observations reveal ultra-steep spectrum diffuse radio emission that is not correlated with the X-ray, optical, or high-frequency radio emission. We suggest that these sources are radio phoenixes, which are preexisting non-thermal particle populations that have been re-energized through adiabatic compression by the same merger shocks that power the radio relics. Finally, we place upper limits on inverse Compton emission from the SW radio relic.
CHANDRA COUNTERPARTS OF CANDELS GOODS-S SOURCES
Authors: Cappelluti N. , Comastri A. , Fontana A. , Zamorani G. , Amorin R. , Castellano M. , Merlin E. , Santini P. , Elbaz D. , Schreiber C. , Shu X. , Wang T. , Dunlop J. S. , Bourne N. , Bruce V. A. , Buitrago F. , Michałowski Michał J. , Derriere S. , Ferguson H. C. , Faber S. M. , Vito F.
Published: May 2016

Improving the capabilities of detecting faint X-ray sources is fundamental for increasing the statistics on faint high-z active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star-forming galaxies (SFGs). We performed a simultaneous maximum likelihood point-spread function fit in the [0.5–2] keV and [2–7] keV energy bands of the 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) data at the position of the 34,930 CANDELS H-band selected galaxies. For each detected source we provide X-ray photometry and optical counterpart validation. We validated this technique by means of a ray-tracing simulation. We detected a total of 698 X-ray point sources with a likelihood

(i.e., >2.7σ). We show that prior knowledge of a deep sample of optical–NIR galaxies leads to a significant increase in the detection of faint (i.e., ∼10−17 cgs in the [0.5–2] keV band) sources with respect to “blind” X-ray detections. By including previous X-ray catalogs, this work increases the total number of X-ray sources detected in the 4 Ms CDFS, CANDELS area to 793, which represents the largest sample of extremely faint X-ray sources assembled to date. Our results suggest that a large fraction of the optical counterparts of our X-ray sources determined by likelihood ratio actually coincides with the priors used for the source detection. Most of the new detected sources are likely SFGs or faint, absorbed AGNs. We identified a few sources with putative photometric redshift z > 4. Despite the low number statistics and the uncertainties on the photo z, this sample significantly increases the number of X-ray-selected candidate high-z AGNs.
SIMULATIONS OF THE PAIRWISE KINEMATIC SUNYAEV–ZEL’DOVICH SIGNAL
Authors: Flender Samuel , Bleem Lindsey , Finkel Hal , Habib Salman , Heitmann Katrin , Holder Gilbert
Published: May 2016

The pairwise kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) signal from galaxy clusters is a probe of their line of sight momenta, and thus a potentially valuable source of cosmological information. In addition to the momenta, the amplitude of the measured signal depends on the properties of the intracluster gas and observational limitations such as errors in determining cluster centers and redshifts. In this work, we simulate the pairwise kSZ signal of clusters at

, using the output from a cosmological N-body simulation and including the properties of the intracluster gas via a model that can be varied in post-processing. We find that modifications to the gas profile due to star formation and feedback reduce the pairwise kSZ amplitude of clusters by

, relative to the naive “gas traces mass” assumption. We demonstrate that miscentering can reduce the overall amplitude of the pairwise kSZ signal by up to 10%, while redshift errors can lead to an almost complete suppression of the signal at small separations. We confirm that a high-significance detection is expected from the combination of data from current generation, high-resolution cosmic microwave background experiments, such as the South Pole Telescope, and cluster samples from optical photometric surveys, such as the Dark Energy Survey. Furthermore, we forecast that future experiments such as Advanced ACTPol in conjunction with data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument will yield detection significances of at least

, and up to

in an optimistic scenario. Our simulated maps are publicly available at http://www.hep.anl.gov/cosmology/ksz.html.
Essence, accident et nécessité : la notion de par soi chez Averroès
Authors: Cerami Cristina
Published: May 2016

La notion de « par soi » (καθ’ αὑτό) fait partie des éléments clés de l’ontologie et de l’épistémologie aristotéliciennes. Nulle part, toutefois, Aristote n’en fournit une étude systématique, au point que l’on voit mal l’articulation de ses différentes acceptions et le sens même du projet général dans lequel cette notion est inscrite. La présente étude se propose d’étudier l’interprétation qu’Averroès fournit de cette notion dans son Grand Commentaire des Analytiques Postérieurs . En traduisant pour la première fois dans une langue moderne de longs extraits de ce commentaire, on montrera la place centrale que cette notion occupe dans la théorie scientifique du Cordouan et notamment dans sa théorie de la démonstration du signe .
Du duo au quatuor
Authors: Favre Dragana
Published: May 2016

Les grossesses simultanées de la thérapeute et de la patiente sont un catalyseur puissant pour les processus de transfert et contre-transfert. L’espace psychothérapeutique est habité par des interactions complexes : deux bébés dans le ventre de leur mère, deux mères en relation thérapeutique intense. La transparence psychique est bidirectionnelle et la neutralité de la psychothérapeute est compromise. Au milieu de ce brouillard émotionnel, les questions du désir d’enfant, de l’identité et de l’autonomie se croisent.
La violence en psychothérapie, les psychothérapies sur le « ring »
Authors: Nguimfack Léonard
Published: May 2016

En suivant la voie ouverte par Nicolas Duruz, nous avons mené une réflexion sur le débat violent qui anime le monde des psychothérapies aujourd’hui, afin de proposer quelques solutions. Un pan a été également ouvert sur la violence en pratique, et nous y avons présenté deux prototypes de violence : une violence qualifiée d’utile et une autre dite destructrice. En effet, il paraît que la violence, surtout positive, est intrinsèque à toute pratique psychothérapique et que la violence négative serait le fait des pratiques des psychothérapeutes ignares, mal formés ou non formés du tout. Cette dernière inclurait les « réactions thérapeutiques négatives » souvent observées chez certains patients.
Realizing the Need for Intelligent Optimization Tool
Authors: Pratihar Dilip Kumar
Published: May 2016

A large number of traditional optimization tools are available in the literature, as each of these techniques is suitable to solve a particular problem. Realizing this fact, non-traditional optimization tools have been proposed, which are supposed to be robust enough to solve a variety of problems. Moreover, these tools should be able to reach the optimal solutions quickly and as accurately as possible. The family of non-traditional optimization tools has become bigger, nowadays, which contradicts the very purpose of developing non-traditional optimization tool. In this write-up, the reasons behind this fact have been discussed in detail, and the need for an intelligent optimization tool has been felt, which is supposed to be problem-independent.
MRI Brain Image Segmentation Using Interactive Multiobjective Evolutionary Approach
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Anirban
Published: May 2016

The problem of image segmentation is frequently modeled as a problem of clustering the pixels of the images based on their intensity levels. In some recent studies, multiobjective clustering algorithms, where multiple cluster validity measures are optimized simultaneously for yielding robust clustering solutions have been proposed. It has been observed that the same set of validity measures optimized simultaneously do not generally perform well for all image datasets. In view of this, in this article, an interactive approach for multiobjective clustering is proposed for segmentation of multispectral Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) of the human brain. In this approach, a human decision maker interacts with the multiobjective evolutionary clustering technique during execution in order to obtain the final clustering, the suitable set of validity measures for the input image, as well as the number of clusters by employing a variable-length encoding of the chromosomes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on many simulated normal and MS lesion MRI brain images.
A System on Chip Development of Customizable GA Architecture for Real Parameter Optimization Problem
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sumitra , Das Soumyadip
Published: May 2016

This chapter presents the design and development of a hardware based architecture of Evolutionary Algorithm for solving both the unimodal and multimodal fixed point real parameter optimization problems. Here a modular architecture has been proposed to provide a tradeoff between real time performance and flexibility and to work as a resource efficient reconfigurable device. The evolutionary algorithm used here is Genetic Algorithm. Prototype implementation of the algorithm has been performed on a system-on-chip field programmable gate array. The notable feature of the architecture is the capability of optimizing a wide class of functions with minimum or no change in the synthesized hardware. The architecture has been tested with ten benchmark problems and it has been observed that for different optimization problems the synthesized target requires maximum of 5% logic slice utilization, 2% of the available block RAMs and 2% of the DSP48 utilization in Xilinx Virtex IV (ML401, XC4VLX25) board.
Genetic-Algorithm-Based Optimization of Clustering in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Authors: Majumder Koushik , De Debashis , Kar Senjuti , Singh Rani
Published: May 2016

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) are wireless infrastructure less networks that are formed spontaneously and are highly dynamic in nature. Clustering is done in MANETs to address issues related to scalability, heterogeneity and to reduce network overhead. In clustering the entire network is divided into clusters or groups with one Cluster Head (CH) per cluster. The process of CH selection and route optimization is extremely crucial in clustering. Genetic Algorithm (GA) can be implemented to optimize the process of clustering in MANETs. GA is the most recently used advanced bio-inspired optimization technique which implements techniques of genetics like selection, crossover, mutation etc. to find out an improved solution to a problem similar to the next generation that inherits the positive traits and features of the previous one. In this chapter several genetic algorithm based optimization techniques for clustering has been discussed. A comparative analysis of the different approaches has also been presented. This chapter concludes with future research directions in this domain.
Source Location Privacy Using Ant Colony Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Singh Jyoti Prakash , Dutta Paramartha
Published: May 2016

One of the important application domain of sensor network is monitoring a region and/or tracking a target. In such type of applications, the location of the source node tracking that target is very important. At the same time, if the location of the node currently tracking the target is captured by an adversary then that target may fall into a difficult situation. In this chapter, a solution to source location privacy with the help of Ant Colony Optimization is proposed. The idea of pheromone level is normally used to find out the shortest path between the source node and the base station that to minimize the energy consumption of the networks. The pheromone level of the ants is used here to guide the ants to follow different paths to hide the source location from adversaries who uses traffic analysis to capture the source node.
Soft-Computing-Based Optimization of Low Return Loss Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna
Authors: Sarma Angana , Sarmah Kumaresh , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar , Goswami Sivaranjan , Baruah Sunandan
Published: May 2016

In this chapter, we report the outline of design and optimization of multiband antenna, the ground plane of which is introduced with a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR).The dimension of CSRR is optimized using a soft-computing tool like Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and evolutionary computing like Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed design of the multi-band frequency terminal antenna for high data rate applications is compact with low return loss and multiband in characteristics. The ANN and GA based optimizations improve the design considerably for applications in a range of wireless and mobile communication set-ups including Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A). The design has inset feed over microstrip line geometry for a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The dimension of the feed line is 7.64×14.89 mm. The microstrip antenna is designed over a FR4 epoxy substrate with dielectric constant,e_r=4.4.
Active Contour Model for Medical Applications
Authors: Saha Ritam , Bhowmik Mrinal Kanti
Published: May 2016

Recent developments in medical imaging techniques have brought an entirely new research field. Medical images are frequently corrupted by inherent noise and artifacts that could make it difficult to extract accurate information, and hence compromising the quality of clinical examination. So accurate detection is one of the major problems for medical image segmentation. Snakes or Active contour method have gained wide attention in medical image segmentation for a long time. A Snake is an energy-minimizing spline that controlled by an external energy and influenced by image energy that pull it towards features such as lines and edges. One of the key difficulties with traditional active contour algorithms is a large capture range problem. The contribution of this paper is that to in-depth analysis of the existing different contour models and implementation of techniques with minor improvements that to solve the large capture range problem. The experiment results of this model attain high accuracy detection and outperform the classical snake model in terms of efficiency and robustness.
3D Web Services for Visualization and Data Sharing in 3D Cadastre
Authors: Zardiny Ali Zare , Hakimpour Farshad
Published: May 2016

Land has an essential role in any society, either as one of the most important capitals of mankind or as a place for people's life and activities. Therefore, registration of ownership and land use rights in a formal system is a major issue. In different countries, Cadastre systems can register extent, rights, restrictions and responsibilities related to land parcels. Many organizations such as municipality, tax and banks need to this information for planning and decision making. Considering the needs for land information by different organizations, access to cadastre data gains a lot of importance. Despite this importance, access to cadastre information encounter with different challenges such as differences in platforms or data structures and access to semantic and geometric data. The main goal of this research is to overcome these challenges and to improve the interoperability in sharing and accessing 3D cadastre data and challenges. This paper investigates capabilities of current 3D Spatial Web Services: WFS, WVS, WTS and W3DS as well as advantages of using these 3D services for access to 3D cadastre data. The authors also combined the legal classes of LADM with geometrical classes of CityGML for transferring the semantic and geometric cadastre data. Finally, some prospects of using 3D Web Services will be illustrated through implementation the scenarios. The most important advantages of using 3D Spatial Web Services in cadastre are on the fly construction and on demand presentation of 3D cadastral model, facilitating of access to legal and descriptive cadastre information, no necessity to user's awareness of data structure in cadastre database and compatibility with different levels of users.
A Historical Timber Frame Model for Diagnosis and Documentation before Building Restoration
Authors: Koehl Mathieu , Viale Anthony , Reeb Sophie
Published: May 2016

The aim of the project that is described in this paper was to define a four-level timber frame survey mode of a historical building: the so-called “Andlau's Seigniory”, Alsace, France. This historical building was built in the late XVIth century and was in a stage of renovation in order to become a heritage interpretation centre. The used measurement methods combine Total Station measurements, Photogrammetry and 3D Terrestrial Laser scanner. Different modelling workflows were tested and compared according to the data acquisition method, but also according to the characteristics of the reconstructed model in terms of accuracy and level of detail. 3D geometric modelling of the entire structure was performed including modelling the degree of detail adapted to the needs. The described 3D timber framework exists now in different versions, from a theoretical and geometrical one up to a very detailed one, in which measurements and evaluation of deformation by time are potentially allowed. The virtually generated models involving archaeologists, architects, historians and specialists in historical crafts, are intended to be used during the four stages of the project: (i) knowledge of the current state of needs for diagnosis and understanding of former construction techniques; (ii) preparation and evaluation of restoration steps; (iii) knowledge and documentation concerning the archaeological object; (iv) transmission and dissemination of knowledge through the implementation of museum animations. Among the generated models one can also find a documentation of the site in the form of virtual tours created from panoramic photographs before and during the restoration works. Finally, the timber framework model was structured and integrated into a 3D GIS, where the association of descriptive and complementary digital documents was possible. Both offer tools leading to the diagnosis, the understanding of the structure, knowledge dissemination, documentation and the creation of educational activities. The integration of these measurements in a historical information system will lead to the creation of an interactive model and the creation of a digital visual display unit for consultation. It will be offered to any public to understand interactively the art of constructing a Renaissance structure, with detailed photos, descriptive texts and graphics. The 3D digital model of the framework will be used directly in the interpretation path, within the space dedicated to “Seigniory” of Andlau. An interactive touch-screen will be installed. It will incorporate several levels of playgrounds (playful, evocative and teaching). In a virtual way, it will deal with the different stages of building a wooden framework and clarify the art of construction.
A Model for Selecting Viticultural Sites in the Piedmont Triad Region of North Carolina
Authors: Nowlin John Walter , Bunch Rick L.
Published: May 2016

The North Carolina wine industry is growing at a fast pace. Many new vineyards are being planted with European varieties. Vitis vinifera varieties in general are the most challenging species of grape grown, requiring considerable effort to consistently produce yields of appropriate volume and good quality. The model produced in this research was designed to help guide site selection for V. vinifera vineyards in the North Carolina Piedmont. This is accomplished using a site suitability model and predictive geophysical parameters. The area of interest is Rockingham County, North Carolina. The model consists of four sets of factors each weighted and combined into sub-model composites. These sub-model composites represent the capability/suitability of: topography, soil, land use/land cover, and climate. The four sub-model composites were weighted and combined to produce the final output that summarizes the viticultural site suitability for the study area.
Incorporating LINE Smartphone Affordances
Authors: Wu Pin-Hsiang , Marek Michael
Published: May 2016

This study used MALL technology to mediate a collaborative learning environment focused on cross-cultural understanding. Research questions addressed the participants' perceptions about the role of the English language today, the use of technology to assist language learning, their attitudes about studying English via cross-cultural interaction, and their perceptions leading to instructional technology design best practices for English learning activities using LINE. Students from Japan and Taiwan wrote collaborative 700 word essays, collaborating via the LINE smartphone app. Data collection used a survey, open-ended questions at the conclusion of the study, and analysis of the actual essays. The instructional design was shown to be successful in fostering beneficial responses by the participants and a strong willingness to engage in future international communication. The affordances provided by LINE are analyzed, and best practices offered for using LINE as a platform for learning.
How does Social Media Analytics Create Value?
Authors: Akter Shahriar , Bhattacharyya Mithu , Wamba Samuel Fosso , Aditya Sutapa
Published: May 2016

The surge of interest in big social data has led to growing demand for social media analytics (SMA). Having robust SMA can help firms create value and achieve competitive advantages. However, most firms do not always know how to embrace big social data to establish a path to value. This study addresses this key question to deepen our understanding of how different types of SMA can be applied to create value. Specifically, the findings show the significant uses of opinion mining or sentiment analysis, topic modeling, engagement analysis, predictive analysis, social network analysis, and trend analysis. Finally, the study provides directions for the challenges and opportunities of SMA to maximize value.
Determinants of Social Media Impact in Local Government
Authors: Sharif Mohd Hisham Mohd , Troshani Indrit , Davidson Robyn
Published: May 2016

Limited attention has been directed towards understanding the impact of social media in the public sector, particularly in local government organisations. Although social media offer substantial benefits and opportunities to local government, research into the impact of social media remains scant. To address this gap, the authors draw on the technology, organisation, and environment (TOE) framework and propose a model of the determinants of social media impact in local government. The model is tested with data collected via a survey with 173 Australian local government organisations using social media. Data were analysed using the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results indicate that TOE factors including perceived benefits, perceived security risks, compatibility, and degree of formalisation are important predictors of social media impact in local government.
Retention of women accountants: The interaction of job demands and job resources
Authors: Ribeiro Stella , Bosch Anita , Becker Jurgen
Published: May 2016

Orientation: Most CEOs in South Africa are chartered accountants (CAs). Retaining women CAs might therefore lead to an increase in women in leadership. The Job Demands-Resources model presents a framework to investigate organisational job-related factors that promote or deter voluntary turnover of women CAs.Research purpose: The primary objective was to investigate which organisational factors promote or reduce the risk of turnover intentions for South African women CAs. The secondary objective was to investigate the moderating potential of job resources on the relationship between job demands and turnover intentions.Motivation for the study: There is a fair amount of research on the problems associated with the retention of women CAs in public practice but very little is known about how those problems interact with each other, and whether there are factors that could buffer them.Research design, approach, and method: The study consisted of a sample (n = 851) of women CAs in public practice firms nationally in South Africa. We used structural equation modelling together with moderated regression analysis.Main findings: Job demands promote turnover intentions, whereas job resources have a negative effect on turnover intentions. Counter-intuitively a negative direct effect was found between job insecurity and turnover intentions. Statistical support was found for the moderating role of all job resources, except financial advancement, on the relationship between work–family conflict and turnover intentions; and growth opportunities, on the relationship between job insecurity and turnover intentions.Practical/managerial implications: No job resource measured could buffer the impact of job overload on turnover intentions.Contribution: This is the first study to investigate factors that may retain women CAs in public practice audit, tax, and advisory firms (Big Four Accountancy Firms) using the JD-R model. Few studies have investigated the buffering effect of job resources on the relationship between job demands and turnover intentions in general.Keywords: gender; auditing; voluntary turnover; female; moderate; JD-R model
Stem cells to replace or regenerate the diabetic pancreas
Authors: Bhartiya Deepa
Published: May 2016

Various stem cell sources are being explored to treat diabetes since the proof-of-concept for cell therapy was laid down by transplanting cadaveric islets as a part of Edmonton protocol in 2000. Human embryonic stem (hES) cells derived pancreatic progenitors have got US-FDA approval to be used in clinical trials to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, these progenitors more closely resemble their foetal counterparts and thus whether they will provide long-term regeneration of adult human pancreas remains to be demonstrated. In addition to lifestyle changes and administration of insulin sensitizers, regeneration of islets from endogenous pancreatic stem cells may benefit T2DM patients. The true identity of pancreatic stem cells, whether these exist or not, whether regeneration involves reduplication of existing islets or ductal epithelial cells transdifferentiate, remains a highly controversial area. We have recently demonstrated that a novel population of very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) is involved during regeneration of adult mouse pancreas after partial-pancreatectomy. VSELs (pluripotent stem cells in adult organs) should be appreciated as an alternative for regenerative medicine as these are autologous (thus immune rejection issues do not exist) with no associated risk of teratoma formation. T2DM is a result of VSELs dysfunction with age and uncontrolled proliferation of VSELs possibly results in pancreatic cancer. Extensive brainstorming and financial support are required to exploit the potential of endogenous VSELs to regenerate the pancreas in a patient with diabetes.
Association between rs9930506 polymorphism of the fat mass & obesity-associated (FTO) gene & onset of obesity in Polish adults
Authors: Wrzosek Małgorzata , Zakrzewska Anna , Ruczko Lech , Jabłonowska-Lietz Beata , Nowicka Grażyna
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:

The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is known to be associated with obesity. However, no data are available on the relation between FTO rs9930506 polymorphism and obesity in Polish population. The aim of this study was to evaluate an association between rs9930506 variants of the FTO gene and obesity in Polish adults.

Methods:

The study group consisted of 442 adults, aged 33.9 ±12.7 yr, with mean BMI 27.2 ± 5.4 kg/m2. The following variables were determined for each subject: fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Real-time PCR was used to detect the A/G alleles of the rs9939506 polymorphism in the FTO gene. An association between the rs9930506 polymorphism and obesity was determined using codominant, dominant, and recessive models. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated to determine the risk of obesity associated with this polymorphism.

Results:

It was observed that the presence of FTO rs9939506 G allele was associated with increased risk for obesity and this association was found significant in both recessive (OR = 1.72, P = 0.014) and co-dominant (OR = 1.36, P = 0.031) models of inheritance. The FTO rs9939506 GG homozygotes had a significantly higher BMI than those with other genotypes.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This study shows that FTO rs9939506 GG genotype is related to higher BMI and is associated with obesity in Polish adults.
Spared nerve injury model to study orofacial pain
Authors: Pozza Daniel Humberto , Castro-Lopes José Manuel , Neto Fani Lourença , Avelino António
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:

There are many difficulties in generating and testing orofacial pain in animal models. Thus, only a few and limited models that mimic the human condition are available. The aim of the present research was to develop a new model of trigeminal pain by using a spared nerve injury (SNI) surgical approach in the rat face (SNI-face).

Methods:

Under anaesthesia, a small incision was made in the infraorbital region of adult male Wistar rats. Three of the main infraorbital nerve branches were tightly ligated and a 2 mm segment distal to the ligation was resected. Control rats were sham-operated by exposing the nerves. Chemical hyperalgesia was evaluated 15 days after the surgery by analyzing the time spent in face grooming activity and the number of head withdrawals in response to the orofacial formalin test.

Results:

SNI-face rats presented a significant increase of the formalin-induced pain-related behaviours evaluated both in the acute and tonic phases (expected biphasic pattern), in comparison to sham controls.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The SNI-face model in the rat appears to be a valid approach to evaluate experimental trigeminal pain. Ongoing studies will test the usefulness of this model to evaluate therapeutic strategies for the treatment of orofacial pain.
Comparison of body composition in persons with epilepsy on conventional & new antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Sarangi Sudhir Chandra , Tripathi Manjari , Kakkar Ashish Kumar , Gupta Yogendra Kumar
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:

Certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as valproic acid (VPA) are known to affect body weight, and lipid profile. However, evidences regarding effects of AEDs on the body composition are deficient. This cross-sectional study compared the body composition and lipid profile among patients with epilepsy on newer and conventional AEDs.

Methods:

The patients with epilepsy (n=109) on treatment with conventional and newer AEDs (levetiracetam, lamotrigine and clobazam) for > 6 months were enrolled. Of these, 70 were on monotherapy: levetiracetam (n=12), VPA (n=16), carbamazepine (n=20) and phenytoin (n=22) and the remaining on polytherapy. Their body composition [body fat mass, lean dry mass (LDM), total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) was estimated and biochemical parameters were assessed.

Results:

Levetiracetam group had no significant difference with VPA, carbamazepine, phenytoin and control groups, except low LDM (17.8±2.4) than VPA groups (20.2±2.7, P<0.05). In comparison with control, AEDs monotherapy groups had no significant difference, except higher LDM and ECW in VPA group. Among groups based on conventional and newer AEDs, there was no significant difference in body composition parameters except for higher LDM (as % of BW) in conventional AEDs only treated group than control (P<0.01).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The alterations observed in body composition with valproic acid in contrast to other AEDs like levetiracetam, carbamazepine and phenytoin could affect treatment response in epilepsy especially in subjects with already altered body composition status like obese and thin frail patients, which needs to be established by prospective studies (CTRI/2013/05/003701).
A study on pre-XDR & XDR tuberculosis & their prevalent genotypes in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in north India
Authors: Singhal Parul , Dixit Pratima , Singh Pooja , Jaiswal Indu , Singh Mastan , Jain Amita
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:

Pre-extensively drug resistant (pre-XDR) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have been areas of growing concern, and are posing threat to global efforts of TB control. The present study was planned to study the presence of pre-XDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their genotypes in clinical isolates obtained from previously treated cases of pulmonary TB.

Methods:

A total of 219 isolates obtained from previously treated cases of pulmonary TB were subjected to first-line (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol) and second-line (ofloxacin, kanamycin, capreomycin and amikacin) drug susceptibility testing on solid Lowenstein-Jensen medium by proportion method. Genotyping was done for pre-XDR and XDR-TB isolates using 12 loci Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR).

Results:

Multi-drug resistance was observed in 39.7 per cent (87/219) isolates. Pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis isolates amongst 87 multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB isolates were 43 (49.4%) and 10 (11.4%), respectively. Two most dominant genotypes among pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis isolates were Beijing and Delhi/CAS types.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Resistance to second-line anti-tubercular drugs should be routinely assessed in areas endemic for TB. Similar genotype patterns were seen in pre-XDR and XDR-TB isolates. Beijing and Delhi/CAS were predominant genotypes.
Emergence of vanA gene among vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital of North - East India
Authors: Phukan Chimanjita , Lahkar Mangala , Ranotkar Swapnil , Saikia Kandarpa K.
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become one of the most challenging nosocomial pathogens with the rapid spread of the multi-drug resistant strain with limited therapeutic options. It is a matter of concern due to its ability to transfer vancomycin resistant gene to other organisms. The present study was undertaken to determine the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and the vanA gene among the isolates in a tertiary care hospital of North-East India.

Methods:

A total of 67 consecutive enterococcal isolates from different clinical samples were collected and identified by using the standard methods. Antibiogram was done by disk diffusion method and VRE was screened by the disk diffusion and vancomycin supplement agar dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for vancomycin was determined by E-test. The VRE isolates were analyzed by PCR for vanA gene.

Results:

A total of 54 (81%) Enterococcus faecalis and 13 (19%) E. faecium were detected among the clinical isolates and 16 (24%) were VRE. The VRE isolates were multidrug resistant and linezolid resistance was also found to be in three. MIC range to vancomycin was 16-32 µg/ml among the VRE. The vanA gene was found in nine of 16 VRE isolates.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Emergence of VRE and presence of vanA in a tertiary care hospital setting in North-East India indicate toward a need for implementing infection control policies and active surveillance.
Methicillin resistance & inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ghosh Soumyadeep , Banerjee Mandira
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates with inducible clindamycin resistance (iCR) are resistant to erythromycin and sensitive to clindamycin on routine testing and inducible clindamycin resistance can only be identified by D-test. This study was aimed to detect methicillin resistance and iCR among S. aureus isolates, effectiveness of some commonly used antibiotics and correlation between methicillin resistance and iCR.

Methods:

The present cross-sectional study included 46 S. aureus isolates subjected to Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) to estimate MRSA and resistance to some commonly used antibiotics. D-test was employed to detect iCR.

Results:

Eleven of the 46 (23.9%) isolates tested were MRSA. Overall, 19 (41.3%) isolates showed of iCR. Vancomycin and linezolid were found to be 100 per cent effective. A positive Karl-Pearson's coefficient of correlation (0.89) between methicillin resistance and iCR was obtained.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Detection of iCR is important for the use of clindamycin in MRSA infections. Methicillin resistance and iCR appear to be clinically unrelated.
Torre residencial en Köniz. Suiza
Authors: Buchner Bründler Architekten Estudio
Published: May 2016

Se prevé una amplia gama de opciones de vivienda para el solar de Bächtelen el cual, con el fin de adaptarse a la heterogeneidad existente de los alrededores, no se plantea como un desarrollo a gran escala o de tipología de vivienda homogénea. Sobre la base de un análisis de mercado, se definieron cinco temas diferentes: vivir con vistas, vivir en un patio, vivir con árboles, vivir en el exterior y vivir en el balcón. Se dividió el área en cinco zonas de construcción y se asignó a cada zona unas reglas específicas que reflejan el tema, base sobre la cual se pretende que los diferentes tipos de edificio entren en diálogo con el entorno.
La disolución de los límites. Topografías de hormigón en el Centro de Aprendizaje Rolex de SANAA en Lausana
Authors: García Martínez Pedro , Sanz Alarcón Juan Pedro , Centellas Soler Miguel
Published: May 2016

El Centro de Aprendizaje Rolex de Lausana, obra de SANNA, constituye uno de los edificios más relevantes sobre la nueva concepción del espacio arquitectónico contemporáneo. Las estrategias y herramientas proyectuales que lo definen conforman la investigación analítica y crítica que desarrolla el presente artículo.
An automated nowcasting model of significant instability events in the flight terminal area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: França Gutemberg Borges , de Almeida Manoel Valdonel , Rosette Alessana C.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a novel model, based on neural network techniques, to produce short-term and local-specific forecasts of significant instability for flights in the terminal area of Galeão Airport, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Twelve years of data were used for neural network training/validation and test. Data are originally from four sources: (1) hourly meteorological observations from surface meteorological stations at five airports distributed around the study area; (2) atmospheric profiles collected twice a day at the meteorological station at Galeão Airport; (3) rain rate data collected from a network of 29 rain gauges in the study area; and (4) lightning data regularly collected by national detection networks. An investigation was undertaken regarding the capability of a neural network to produce early warning signs – or as a nowcasting tool – for significant instability events in the study area. The automated nowcasting model was tested using results from five categorical statistics, indicated in parentheses in forecasts of the first, second, and third hours, respectively, namely proportion correct (0.99, 0.97, and 0.94), BIAS (1.10, 1.42, and 2.31), the probability of detection (0.79, 0.78, and 0.67), false-alarm ratio (0.28, 0.45, and 0.73), and threat score (0.61, 0.47, and 0.25). Possible sources of error related to the test procedure are presented and discussed. The test showed that the proposed model (or neural network) can grab the physical content inside the data set, and its performance is quite encouraging for the first and second hours to nowcast significant instability events in the study area.
Comparing peasants' perceptions of precipitation change with precipitation records in the tropical Callejón de Huaylas, Peru
Authors: Gurgiser Wolfgang , Juen Irmgard , Singer Katrin , Neuburger Martina , Schauwecker Simone , Hofer Marlis , Kaser Georg
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Pronounced hygric seasonality determines the regional climate and, thus, the characteristics of rain-fed agriculture in the Peruvian Callejón de Huaylas (Cordillera Blanca). Peasants in the Cuenca Auqui on the eastern slopes above the city of Huaraz attribute recently experienced challenges in agricultural production mainly to perceived changes in precipitation patterns. Statistical analyses of daily precipitation records at nearby Recuay (1964 to 2013) and Huaraz (1996 to 2013) stations do not corroborate the perceived changes. Either insufficient temporal resolution of available precipitation records or other environmental and sociopolitical factors impacting traditional farming methods may be the reason for the lack of concordance between the two information sources investigated in this study.
Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (ISMIP6) contribution to CMIP6
Authors: Nowicki Sophie M. J. , Payne Tony , Larour Eric , Seroussi Helene , Goelzer Heiko , Lipscomb William , Gregory Jonathan , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Shepherd Andrew
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Reducing the uncertainty in the past, present and future contribution of ice sheets to sea level change requires a coordinated effort between the climate and glaciology communities. The Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) is the primary activity within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project – phase 6 (CMIP6) focusing on the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets. In this paper, we describe the framework for ISMIP6 and its relationship to other activities within CMIP6. The ISMIP6 experimental design relies on CMIP6 climate models and includes, for the first time within CMIP, coupled ice sheet – climate models as well as standalone ice sheet models. To facilitate analysis of the multi-model ensemble and to generate a set of standard climate inputs for standalone ice sheet models, ISMIP6 defines a protocol for all variables related to ice sheets. ISMIP6 will provide a basis for investigating the feedbacks, impacts, and sea level changes associated with dynamic ice sheets and for quantifying the uncertainty in ice-sheet-sourced global sea level change.