bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Synoptic Circulations and Local Processes on Temperature Anomalies at Three French Observatories
Authors: Dione Cheikh , Lohou Fabienne , Chiriaco Marjolaine , Lothon Marie , Bastin Sophie , Baray Jean-Luc , Yiou Pascal , Colomb Aurélie
Published: October 2016

The relative contribution of the synoptic-scale circulations to local and mesoscale processes was quantified in terms of the variability of midlatitude temperature anomalies from 2003 to 2013 using meteorological variables collected from three French observatories and reanalyses. Four weather regimes were defined from sea level pressure anomalies using National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalyses with a K-means algorithm. No correlation was found between daily temperature anomalies and weather regimes, and the variability of temperature anomalies within each regime was large. It was therefore not possible to evaluate the effect of large scales on temperature anomalies by this method. An alternative approach was found with the use of the analogs method: the principle being that for each day of the considered time series, a set of days that had a similar large-scale 500-hPa geopotential height field within a fixed domain was considered. The observed temperature anomalies were then compared with those observed during the analog days: the closer the two types of series are to each other, the greater is the influence of the large scale. This method highlights a widely predominant influence of the large-scale atmospheric circulation on the temperature anomalies. It showed a potentially larger influence of the Mediterranean Sea and orographic flow on the two southern observatories. Low-level cloud radiative effects substantially modulated the variability of the daily temperature anomalies.
Research Priorities for School Nursing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Authors: Al-Yateem Nabeel , Docherty Charles , Brenner Maria , Alhosany Jameela , Altawil Hanan , Al-Tamimi Muna
Published: October 2016

School nurses are challenged with more children having complex conditions, who are now surviving into school age. This is paralleled by a shift in focus of health systems toward primary care, and national efforts to develop the health-care services, especially those offered to vulnerable populations. Being at the forefront of this change, school nurses in United Arab Emirates (UAE) are finding themselves under pressure to adapt to and facilitate these changes both by improving their practice and by contributing to its underpinning evidence. A cross-sectional design was used in this study in which 370 school nurses participated, identifying 11 research priorities. The three most important, as ranked by participants, were management of children with complex health-care needs; nutrition, obesity, and lifestyle issues of schoolchildren; and managing illnesses, injuries, and emergencies in schools and provision of medical support. These priorities should direct future research activities in the field.
Randomized phase 2 trial of ixazomib and dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma not refractory to bortezomib
Authors: Kumar Shaji K. , LaPlant Betsy R. , Reeder Craig B. , Roy Vivek , Halvorson Alese E. , Buadi Francis , Gertz Morie A. , Bergsagel P. Leif , Dispenzieri Angela , Thompson Melanie A. , Crawley Jamie , Kapoor Prashant , Mikhael Joseph , Stewart Keith , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hwa Yi L. , Gonsalves Wilson , Witzig Thomas E. , Ailawadhi Sikander , Dingli David , Go Ronald S. , Lin Yi , Rivera Candido E. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Lacy Martha Q.
Published: October 2016

Key Points

The combination of ixazomib and dexamethasone has clinical activity in patients with relapsed and or refractory multiple myeloma. Higher dose of ixazomib leads to improved response rates but with higher rates of treatment related adverse events.
Construing the ecological perspective of the Tai Dam as seen in ‘Sen Huen’ ritual manuscripts
Authors: Patpong Pattama
Published: October 2016

This paper is a part of the research project entitled “Transmission of ‘Sen Huen’ ritual as an intangible cultural heritage of Tai Dam ethnic group”. The Sen Huen ritual is a significant aspect of the Tai Dam’s ancestor worship. This ritual has to be conducted in a room set for ancestral spirits called "Image missing" and the ritual is required to be done every 2–3 years to avoid bad luck and receive good fortune and blessings, otherwise the descendants will suffer misfortunes such as illness, hardship and adversity. The theoretical framework applied to this study is Systemic Functional Linguistics, in particular the description of the system of transitivity, which is part of the ideational metafunction. The paper aims to investigate how the Tai Dam perception of local ecology is construed grammatically in the transitivity system. The system of transitivity is a resource for construing human experience of change or goings − on in the flow of events inside and around us. A quantum of change in the flow of events is construed as a configuration of a process involving one or more participants and attendant circumstances. The data were drawn from six Sen Huen ritual manuscripts which were collected from six Sen Huen ritual shamans residing in four provinces of Thailand: Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi, Nakhon Pathom, and Suphanburi provinces. The study reveals that there is a connection between the process and circumstance configurations expressing the Tai Dam ecological perspective. It illustrates a clear correlation between the semiotic model of time (month by month) and space (geographical space) that is construed by language and the material actions that are carried out by different participants (both human and non-human).
Prospective Longitudinal Analysis of 2-Hydroxyglutarate Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Identifies Broad Clinical Utility for the Management of Patients With IDH-Mutant Glioma
Authors: Choi Changho , Raisanen Jack M. , Ganji Sandeep K. , Zhang Song , McNeil Sarah S. , An Zhongxu , Madan Akshay , Hatanpaa Kimmo J. , Vemireddy Vamsidhara , Sheppard Christie A. , Oliver Dwight , Hulsey Keith M. , Tiwari Vivek , Mashimo Tomoyuki , Battiste James , Barnett Samuel , Madden Christopher J. , Patel Toral R. , Pan Edward , Malloy Craig R. , Mickey Bruce E. , Bachoo Robert M. , Maher Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain can detect 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), the oncometabolite produced in neoplasms harboring a mutation in the gene coding for isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH). We conducted a prospective longitudinal imaging study to determine whether quantitative assessment of 2HG by MRS could serve as a noninvasive clinical imaging biomarker for IDH-mutated gliomas.

Patients and Methods

2HG MRS was performed in 136 patients using point-resolved spectroscopy at 3 T in parallel with standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging and assessment. Data were analyzed in patient cohorts representing the major phases of the glioma clinical course and were further subgrouped by histology and treatment type to evaluate 2HG. Histologic correlations were performed.

Results

Quantitative 2HG MRS was technically and biologically reproducible. 2HG concentration > 1 mM could be reliably detected with high confidence. During the period of indolent disease, 2HG concentration varied by less than ± 1 mM, and it increased sharply with tumor progression. 2HG concentration was positively correlated with tumor cellularity and significantly differed between high- and lower-grade gliomas. In response to cytotoxic therapy, 2HG concentration decreased rapidly in 1p/19q codeleted oligodendrogliomas and with a slower time course in astrocytomas and mixed gliomas. The magnitude and time course of the decrease in 2HG concentration and magnitude of the decrease in tumor volume did not differ between oligodendrogliomas treated with temozolomide or carmustine. Criteria for 2HG MRS were established to make a presumptive molecular diagnosis of an IDH mutation in gliomas technically unable to undergo a surgical procedure.

Conclusion

2HG concentration as measured by MRS was reproducible and reliably reflected the disease state. These data provide a basis for incorporating 2HG MRS into clinical management of IDH-mutated gliomas.
Spine Surgery and Blood Loss: Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence
Authors: Willner Dafna , Spennati Valeria , Stohl Shelly , Tosti Giulia , Aloisio Simone , Bilotta Federico
Published: October 2016

Spine surgery has been growing rapidly as a neurosurgical operation, with an increase of 220% over a 15-year period. Intraoperative blood transfusion is a major outcome determinant of spine procedures. Various approaches, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies, have been tested to decrease both intraoperative and postoperative blood loss. The aim of this systematic review is to report clinical evidence on the relationship between intraoperative blood loss (primary outcome) and on transfusion requirements and postoperative complications (secondary outcomes) in patients undergoing spine surgery. A literature search of PubMed database was performed using 5 key words: spine surgery and transfusion; spine surgery and blood loss; spine surgery and blood complications; spine surgery and deep vein thrombosis; and spine surgery and pulmonary embolism. Clinical reports (randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies, and case reports) were selected. A total of 473 articles were examined; 450 were excluded, and 24 were selected for this systematic review. Selected articles were categorized into 3 subchapters: (1) drugs active on coagulation (12 studies): tranexamic acid, aminocaproic acid, aprotinin, and recombinant activated factor VII; (2) drugs not active on coagulation (5 studies): ketorolac, epoetin alfa, magnesium sulfate, propofol/sevoflurane, and omega-3 and fish oil; (3) nonpharmacologic approaches (7 studies): surgical tips, patient positioning, and general or spinal anesthesia. Several studies have shown a significant reduction in intraoperative bleeding during spine surgery and in the requirement for blood transfusion.
IMPROVING CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN THE REGIONAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Authors: Махнова Наталья , Makhnova Natalya
Published: October 2016

In recent years a negative tendency in public health of the population and reduction of resource provision of the industry is observed. This is despite the fact that each of the participants of the Russian health quality monitoring system annually does a considerable amount of work. Thus, adequate quality of the Russian free medical care can’t be fully provided. Therefore, there is a need for the introduction of new models of change management in the health care system of a region. The experience of foreign countries reveals new trends in change management in the health care system of regions that that are of practical and theoretical interest. The urgency of research is caused by insufficient development of the theory of change management in the health care system of a region in terms of typology and types of changes in the industry, the systematization of approaches to the principles of their management, as well as control algorithm of changes in the health care system taking into account peculiarities of the industry (difficulty of assessing the quality and results, the lack of right to make mistakes and uncertainty; need for close coordination between the various departments and high qualification of medical staff). There is a need for continuous revision of the General principles of change management of the health care system in the region to enhance its effectiveness. The article presents the author´s development of a typology and specifying types of changes in health care. The author systematizes approaches to change management in regional system of the industry in terms of content and principles of their management. The concept of "change" in this area is clarified. On the basis of foreign models "EASER" an algorithm for change management in the health care system of the region is developed. The author gives recommendations for its implementation.
EVALUATION OF FACTORING IN THE COMPANY´S ACTIVITIES IN TRANSPORT SERVICE
Authors: Гараева Татьяна , Garaeva Tatyana , Згонник Людмила , Zgonnik Lyudmila , Романова Инесса Романовна , Romanova Inessa Romanovna
Published: October 2016

The article presents an analysis of the factoring services market at the national and global levels, and identifies the main factoring market development trends. Based on the material of transport service company, limited liability company "Fairway", the authors substantiate the economic efficiency of factoring as a tool for replenishment of circulating assets of transport companies in the current economic conditions. Accumulation by factoring a number of functions is an important advantage over other forms of funding. This is especially important for small and medium-sized businesses in sphere of transport service that do not have sufficient volume of human and financial resources. Factoring allows to avoid a situation where the liability to tax on income appears before inflow of funds from the sale. Greater incentive for the factoring development for tax optimization is applying of a similar approach to the determination of the date of VAT payment. Funding within the factoring will allow Fairway to solve the problem of shortage of working capital without growth of accounts payable. Factoring has a positive effect on the financial indicators of an enterprise, such as liquidity and solvency. In general, the impact of factoring on the financial indicators of the transport service company "Fairway" is carried out by means of reduction of accounts receivable turnover period (shortening of the financial cycle), increasing the receivables turnover (number of turnovers), the reduction of the value of accounts receivable (release), more efficient use of working capital, increasing the coefficient of instant liquidity, reducing the tax base for income tax.
DEVELOPING PREDICTIVE MODEL OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT
Authors: Подхалюзина Валентина , Podkhalyuzina Valentina
Published: October 2016

Building of predictive model starts and finishes the forecasting of service sector. Natural sciences operate mainly with theoretical models, which are based on the existing common factors of the surrounding world with a high level of formalization and enormous potential of measurements through computer technology and software products specifically designed for such purposes. High level of mathematization of economic research and commitment to formalization of the processes and phenomena are the reason of it. Therefore, predictive model appears as a system of tables, graphs, rules, and so forth, and is a set of measurable indicators that fully reflect the structure and nature of the research subject. Forecast in this case is transforming certain specific values of the indicators of specified model in the changed indicators of search and normative models. Development of the service sector (transport, economic, information, communication, management, trade, scientific) and gradual freedom from harmful heavy industries in the territory of the city are the trend of the last decades. This is a natural development process of the metropolis; there are enough plants in the city polluting the environment. Predictive model of service sector is the object of this study formalized in such a way as to make possible to quantitative estimate of analytical and prognostic properties. Predictive model is developed by the example of land passenger transport of Moscow. Road passenger transport in Moscow is one of the most important services for both the population and the economy of the city as a whole. Therefore it is necessary for the further development of this service to carry out continuous prediction of the future to preserve the positive trends and to prevent crisis situations. Development of a predictive model of land passenger transport is a process involving certain stages. The results of each stage of the predictive model development will require the collection of statistical information about the status of land passenger transport in Moscow, the definition of specific functioning processes of the city’s transportation system.
Autonomous motivation, self-efficacy, and psychophysical wellbeing in a group of Polish breastfeeding mothers- preliminary communication
Authors: Kadzikowska-Wrzosek Romana
Published: October 2016

Aim of the study

Women’s decisions to quit breastfeeding are strongly influenced by feelings such as physical or psychological fatigue. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the autonomy of a breastfeeding mother’s motivation has an effect on her breastfeeding self-efficacy. Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and such indicators of wellbeing as the frequency of experiencing positive and negative emotions, life satisfaction, and the occurrence of somatic symptoms.

Subject or material and methods

The sample consisted of 93 breastfeeding mothers ages 21 to 42. The survey was conducted online. The participants answered a questionnaire measuring their level of autonomous motivation to breastfeed, their breastfeeding self-efficacy, the level of experienced somatic stress,the frequency of experiencing positive and negative emotions and life satisfaction.

Results

The results of the study confirmed that the more autonomous the mother’s motivation to breastfeed her baby, the higher her breastfeeding self-efficacy. Self-efficacy turned out to be a significant predictor of the frequency of experiencing positive emotions, negative emotions, and somatic stress symptoms. No relationship was found between the mothers’ self-efficacy and their reported life satisfaction.

Discussion

Autonomous motivation in breastfeeding mothers has a positive effect on their breastfeeding self-efficacy. The higher level of breastfeeding self-efficacy, the more positive are breastfeeding mothers’ subjective experiences.

Conclusions

Shaping autonomous motivation in breastfeeding women has a positive effect on their breastfeeding self-efficacy High breastfeeding self-efficacy, which has a positive effect on the mother’s wellbeing, may also contribute to longer duration of breastfeeding.
Perspective—A New Look at Conflict Management in Work Groups
Authors: Carton Andrew M. , Tewfik Basima A.
Published: October 2016

Members of work groups are highly interdependent and often share incompatible values, objectives, and opinions. As a result, conflict frequently arises. Given the profound impact of conflict on group effectiveness, scholars have sought to identify strategies that can mitigate its downsides and leverage its upsides. Yet research on conflict management strategies has accumulated inconsistent results. In this Perspectives piece, we argue that these inconsistent findings can be resolved if scholars take a more expansive view of the consequences of conflict management strategies: whereas existing research considers how individual strategies influence a single group conflict type (relational, status, process, or task), we consider the impact of individual strategies on all four conflict types. After building a typology by organizing strategies according to the conflict type that each is best equipped to manage, we argue that the strategies most appropriate for managing one type of conflict may systematically backfire by escalating other conflict types. For example, the adoption of a superordinate identity is likely to resolve relational conflict, yet exacerbate status conflict. In addition to uncovering these instances of “negative spillovers,” we shed light on the rarer phenomena of “positive spillovers,” which occur when conflict management strategies resolve conflict types they were not originally designed to influence. By highlighting how individual conflict management strategies influence multiple conflict types—often in contrasting ways—this Perspectives article reconciles conflicting findings and redirects the literature by providing scholars with new recommendations on how to study conflict management in work groups.
Four steps to take when managing complications in cosmetic practice
Authors: Senior Yvonne
Published: October 2016

Nurses can often feel incredibly anxious about the complications that can emerge following cosmetic procedures, and this can be made even worse when they are working in isolation. However, there are ways in which practitioners can prepare for adverse events, says Yvonne Senior. In this article, she recommends four key strategies to consider when treating all aesthetic patients
Appreciating the art of patient selection: why turning down patients can be positive
Authors: Smith Victoria , Wiggins Nancy
Published: October 2016

As you grow your aesthetic clinic, choosing the right patients for the procedures you provide will become just as important as offering the treatments themselves. Victoria Smith and Nancy Wiggins highlight some of the cautionary signs to look out for and explain why, in many cases, it is perfectly acceptable for aesthetic practitioners to say no to unsuitable or challenging patients
Skin conditions related to diet
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: October 2016

Skin conditions in dogs and cats can be caused by nutritional deficiency or due to adverse reactions to food. The most common deficiencies are to zinc, vitamin A and polyunsaturated acids. Adverse reactions may be due to toxins within the diet or due to immunological or allergic reactions to the food.
Anaesthesia for the patient with hypovolaemia resulting from acute blood loss
Authors: Roberts Claire
Published: October 2016

Patients will often present to the veterinary practice in a hypovolaemic state secondary to haemorrhage, and are at an increased anaesthetic risk owing to multiple physiological changes and/or injuries. This article discusses the main concerns associated with anaesthetising the hypovolaemic patient. It looks at patient assessment and preparation, the considerations that need to be made when designing an anaesthesia and analgesia plan, and the importance of excellent post anaesthetic monitoring.
Accuracy of color measurement of endondontically treated teeth after aging
Authors: Cenci Tatiana Pereira , Skupien Jovito Adiel , Sedrez-Porto José Augusto , Jacobovitz Marcos , Della-Bona Álvaro , Gastmann Andressa Heberle , Pappen Fernanda Geraldo
Published: October 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of three different modes of a spectrophotometer (Vita Classical, 3D-Master and CIE L*a*b* system) in the evaluation of color alteration in endodontically treated teeth. Material and Methods: The root canal treatment of forty-five sound human canines was performed. Color measurements were performed before the endodontic treatment (baseline), andafter6monthsof water storage. Shade matching was performed using a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade) in three different modes: Vita Classical, 3D-Master and CIE L*a*b* coordinates. The color change (?E value) for the three methods were assessed in each sample and analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. L*, a* and b* values were analyzed by t-test. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: According to the digital evaluation, no statistically significant differences were found between the CIE L*a*b*,Vita Classical and 3D-Mastermodes. However, a significant difference was found (p<0.001) for the ?E values, with the CIE L*a*b* mode presenting greater accuracy to detect color alterations. Conclusion: CIE L *a*b* method properly correlates to Vita Classical and 3D-Master modes. However, Easyshade can easier detect color changes if used in the CIE L*a*b* mode, which leads to more accurate results.
Front Cover
Authors: Studio Magno
Published: October 2016

Article imageArticle: Bovine and equine biomaterials in mandibular alveolar dog model: Split-mouth studyPage 78
Editorial Board
Authors: Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo de Paiva
Published: October 2016

Editorial Board Brazilian Dental Science - July, August and September - 2016
Toxicological implications of Margaritaria discoidea aqueous seed extract on Na+, K+-ATPase specific activity, glucose and serum electrolytes level in wistar rats
Authors: Onyeabo Chimaraoke , Nnacheta Polycarp
Published: October 2016

The effect of aqueous seed extract of Margaritaria discoidea on Na+ K+ ATPase activity and toxicity studies of its seed extract were investigated in albino rats. The study involved oral administration of different doses of the aqueous extract to groups of male albino rats at 25, 50,100, and 200mg/kg body weight resulted in significant (p<0.05) decrease in sodium, potassium and glucose levels while chloride and calcium ions showed a significant (p<0.05) increase relative to control. The seed extract also showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in Na+ K+ ATPase specific activity in a dose dependent manner relative to control. The median lethal dose (LD50) of this extract in mice was established at 316.2mg/kg body weight using probit of mortality. The results showed that the acute toxicity potency of the aqueous extract of the seeds was practically non-toxic. The study showed that seeds of Margaritaria discoidea could be toxic if not consumed in moderate quantities.
Boundary conditions for semi-Lagrangian methods for the BGK model
Authors: Groppi Maria , Russo Giovanni , Stracquadanio Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

A new class of high-order accuracy numerical methods based on a semi-Lagrangian formulation for the BGK model of the Boltzmann equation has been recently proposed in [1]. In this paper semi-Lagrangian schemes for the BGK equation have been extended to treat boundary conditions, in particular the diffusive ones. Two different techniques are proposed, using or avoiding iterative procedures. Numerical simulations illustrate the accuracy properties of these approaches and the agreement with the results available in literature.
A mass conservative TR-BDF2 semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian DG discretization of the shallow water equations on general structured meshes of quadrilaterals
Authors: Tumolo Giovanni
Published: October 2016

As an extension of a previous work considering a fully advective formulation on Cartesian meshes, a mass conservative discretization approach is presented here for the shallow water equations, based on discontinuous finite elements on general structured meshes of quadrilaterals. A semi-implicit time integration is performed by employing the TR-BDF2 scheme and is combined with the semi-Lagrangian technique for the momentum equation only. Indeed, in order to simplify the derivation of the discrete linear Helmoltz equation to be solved at each time-step, a non-conservative formulation of the momentum equation is employed. The Eulerian flux form is considered instead for the continuity equation in order to ensure mass conservation. Numerical results show that on distorted meshes and for relatively high polynomial degrees, the proposed numerical method fully conserves mass and presents a higher level of accuracy than a standard off-centered Crank Nicolson approach. This is achieved without any significant imprinting of the mesh distortion on the solution.
Cost evaluation of clinical laboratory in Taiwan’s National Health System by using activity-based costing
Authors: Su Bin-Guang , Chen Shao-Fen , Yeh Shu-Hsing , Shih Po-Wen , Lin Ching-Chiang
Published: October 2016

Background:

To cope with the government’s policies to reduce medical costs, Taiwan’s healthcare service providers are striving to survive by pursuing profit maximization through cost control. This article aimed to present the results of cost evaluation using activity-based costing performed in the laboratory in order to throw light on the differences between costs and the payment system of National Health Insurance (NHI).

Methods:

This study analyzed the data of costs and income of the clinical laboratory. Direct costs belong to their respective sections of the department. The department’s shared costs, including public expenses and administrative assigned costs, were allocated to the department’s respective sections. A simple regression equation was created to predict profit and loss, and evaluate the department’s break-even point, fixed cost, and contribution margin ratio.

Results:

In clinical chemistry and seroimmunology sections, the cost per test was lower than the NHI payment and their major laboratory tests had revenues with the profitability ratio of 8.7%, while the other sections had a higher cost per test than the NHI payment and their major tests were in deficit. The study found a simple linear regression model as follows: “Balance=–84,995+0.543×income (R2=0.544)”.

Conclusions:

In order to avoid deficit, laboratories are suggested to increase test volumes, enhance laboratory test specialization, and become marginal scale. A hospital could integrate with regional medical institutions through alliances or OEM methods to increase volumes to reach marginal scale and reduce laboratory costs, enhancing the level and quality of laboratory medicine.
Two cases of massive subchorionic thrombosis
Authors: Kaneko Megumi , Ebina Yasuhiko , Shinozaki Nanae , Yamasaki Yui , Deguchi Masashi , Yamada Hideto
Published: October 2016

Massive subchorionic thrombosis (MST) is defined as a massive thrombosis under the chorionic plate, and is responsible for obstetric complications. We encountered two cases of MST. Placental abruption was misdiagnosed by ultrasound examination in Case 1, and a cesarean section was performed at 33 weeks of gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 21 weeks of gestation suggested MST in Case 2. A cesarean section was performed at 26 weeks’ gestation because of pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction and non-reassuring fetal status.
Development of forest cover mask to monitor the health condition of forests in Poland using long-term satellite observations
Authors: Bartold Maciej
Published: October 2016

The work presented here aims at developing cover mask for monitoring forest health in Poland using remote sensing data. The main objective was to assess the impact of using the mask on forest condition monitoring combined with vegetation indices obtained from long-term satellite data. In this study, a new mask developed from the CORINE Land Cover 2012 (CLC2012) database is presented and its one-kilometer pixel size matched to low-resolution data derived from SPOT VEGETATION satellite registrations. For vegetation mapping, only pixels with a cover ≥ 50% of broad-leaved and mixed forests defined by CLC2012 were taken into account. The masked pixels were used to evaluate spatial variability in eight Natural-Forest Regions (NFRs). The largest coverages by masked forests were obtained in Sudetian (65.7%), Carpathian (65.9%) and Baltic (51.3%) regions. For other forest regions the coverage was observed to be around 30-50%.

Time-series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) comprising SPOT VEGETATION images from 1998 until 2014 were computed and cross-comparison analyses on ≥ 50% and < 50% forest cover masks brought up frequent differences at a level higher than 0.05 NDVI in seven out of eight NFRs. An exception is the Sudetian region, where the data was highly consistent. Furthermore, the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test revealed statistically significant differences in two regions: Baltic and Masurian-Podlasie NFR. The comparative analysis of NDVI confirmed that there is a need for additional investigation of the quality of newly developed forest mask combined with vegetation and meteorological data.
Psyhical effort, energy expediture, and motivation in structured and unstructured active video games: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: De Brito-Gomes Jorge Luiz , Perrier-Melo Raphael José , Melo de Oliveira Saulo Fernandes , De Sá Pereira Guimarães Fernando José , Costa Manoel da Cunha
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The goals of the study were: a) to compare the way that two types of active video games (AVG) influenced physical
effort and motivation in young adults; b) to compare direct and indirect instruments and use an indirect instrument (heart
rate analysis) as a practical tool to verify physical effort in AVGs

Methods

Methods. Initially, 16 healthy but physically inactive young
adult males with no AVGs experience took part in the randomized control trial. After the baseline assessments of blood pressure
(BP), heart rate (HR), and aerobic capacity (AE), the participants were randomized into two groups: structured AVG (n = 6) and
unstructured AVG (n = 7) (3 dropouts). They played 3 sessions a week, during 6 weeks. Direct and indirect metabolic measurements
were made. To compare direct and indirect AE, Student t-test was used for related samples. Changes (group × time) in HR,
perceived exertion (PE), calculated energy expenditure (EE), calculated metabolic equivalent (MET), and motivation (points)
were assessed with the two-way analysis of variance

Results

There were no differences between direct and indirect AE (36.0
± 5.2 vs 33.9 ± 6.0 ml/kg/min: unstructured; 39.0 ± 5.9 vs 37.7 ± 5.9 ml/kg/min; p > 0.05). No differences were observed in
maximal HR, PE, or motivation (p > 0.05). Statistically significant differences referred to average HR, MET, and EE over the
sessions (p < 0.05). HR and EE values were higher in structured than in unstructured AVGs

Conclusions

HR and EE responses
of structured AVGs turned out higher than those of unstructured AVGs, and the measurements proved efficient to analyse
physical effort in AVGs in a long-term perspective
Anthropometric and performance perspectives of female competitive surfing
Authors: Barlow Matthew John , Rowe Joshua , Ruffle Oliver , Davidson Mark , O’hara John
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the anthropometric profiles of female surfers and to identify whether any anthropometrical factors might predict competitive ranking. Secondly, to evaluate the activity profile of female competitive surfing with respect to environmental conditions using Global Positioning System (GPS) derived measures.

Methods

Following institutional ethical approval, 31 female competitive surfers underwent anthropometric assessment (mean age: 20.49, s = 5.32 years; stature: 165.2, s = 4.8 cm; body mass: 63.0, s = 6.8 kg). A subsample (n = 22) wore GPS units during competition at four different locations with varied surfing conditions.

Results

The mean somatotype values of the surfers were (Endo-Meso-Ecto) 4.06, 4.15, 2.01. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the national ranking and triceps, medial calf skinfolds, sum of six skinfolds, body fat percentage, and sum of eight skinfolds. Percentage time sitting, paddling, and riding equalled 62.58 ± 10.18%, 30.70 ± 9.44%, and 6.73 ± 2.91%, respectively. The mean ride time, maximum ride time, total time spent riding, and total distance surfing were significantly correlated with the round of the competition. Furthermore, the number of rides, time spent riding, percentage of total distance surfing, and percentage time riding were correlated with heat placement (p < 0.05). Time spent sitting was associated with poorer heat placements (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Body fat levels are associated with the national ranking in competitive female surfers. The number of waves ridden in a heat, the length of the rides, and activity levels were significantly related to heat placement and competition progression.
Are the Timed Up and Go Test and Functional Reach Test useful predictors of temporal and spatial gait parameters in elderly people?
Authors: Sadowska Dorota , Gumny Margareta , Osiński Wiesław
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The study aim was to analyse the relationships between the results of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Functional Reach Test (FRT), and the temporal and spatial gait parameters determined with the GAITRite system.

Methods

The study included 60 healthy, physically active elderly people aged 70.4 ± 5.1 years. The participants’ functional fitness was evaluated with the TUG and FRT, and their temporal and spatial gait parameters – with the GAITRite system.

Results

The TUG results correlated inversely with the step length (r = –0.70 and r = –0.61 for the preferred and fast speed, respectively), stride length (r = –0.71 and r = –0.61, respectively), and velocity (r = –0.69 and r = –0.38, respectively). The regression model with these variables explained 43% of variance in the TUG results (p ≤ 0.0001). The FRT results correlated positively with the step length (r = 0.61 and r = 0.54, for the preferred and fast speed, respectively), stride length (r = 0.60 and r = 0.56, respectively), and velocity (r = 0.37 and r = 0.38). The regression model with these variables explained 26% of variance in the FRT outcomes.

Conclusions

Basic temporal and spatial parameters of gait at the preferred speed, i.e. velocity, step length, stance time, single support time, swing time, and double support time, explain up to 43% of the TUG outcome variance and 26% of the FRT results variance.
Thoughts on Twin Earth
Authors: Jacquette Dale
Published: October 2016

The questions at issue in this discussion of Hilary Putnam’s Twin Earth thought experiment include the scope and limits of narrow versus wide meaning, the role of attempting to successfully refer as opposed to successfully referring in determining where meaning resides and how thought functions in relation to the meanings of words and sentences. Twin Earth is supposed to challenge the Fregean thesis that intensional sense (Sinn) determines extensional reference (Bedeutung), and that meanings are ‘in the head’. Putnam in ‘The Meaning of “Meaning”’ (1975) concludes emphatically that the Twin Earth thought experiment definitively shows that meanings are not in the head. It is argued here in a previously unexplored criticism that there are several senses in which meanings can appropriately be said to reside in the intending thinker’s head, especially under available interpretations of the metaphysics of and identity conditions for intending mental acts and their intended objects. The thought experiment loses force if it is said that the identity requirements for a ‘simultaneously’ intending mental act involving ‘Water’ imply achieved reference to H20 on Earth and to XYZ on Twin-Earth. Then the intending mental acts on Earth and Twin-Earth involving the thought ‘Water’ will not in fact, despite superficial appearances, belong even to the same relevant general types or kinds of psychological events.
Crystal structure of 5-methoxy-N′-[(3Z)-1-benzyl-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene]-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide-DMSO (1/1), C27H25FN4O4S
Authors: Almutairi Maha S. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Haress Nadia G. , Attia Mohamed I.
Published: October 2016

C27H25FN4O4S, triclinic, P1̅, a = 10.1996(5) Å, b = 11.4836(6) Å, c = 12.1907(8) Å, α = 100.728(2)°, β = 100.807(2)°, γ = 114.612(2)°, V = 1218.03(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0542, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1319, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of 4,4′-(1,3,5,7-tetraoxo-3a,4,4a,5,7,7a,8,8a-octahydro-4,8-ethenopyrrolo [3,4-f]isoindole-2,6(1H,3H)-diyl)dibenzoic acid, C26H18N2O8
Authors: Li Yaping , Sun Dajun , Ming Julia , Su Guanfang
Published: October 2016

C26H18N2O8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.7679(19) Å, b = 11.000(3) Å, c = 13.370(3) Å, α = 75.682(5)°, β = 81.286(5)°, γ = 69.905(5)°, V = 1036.7(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0643, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1680, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1,1-dimethyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)urea, C11H16N2O
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Smith Keith , Alshammari Mohammed B. , Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Kariuki Benson M.
Published: October 2016

C11H16N2O, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.7388(6) Å, b = 9.8449(5) Å, c = 21.1259(14) Å, V = 2233.5(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0582, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1795, T = 293 K.
An Examination of Approach Run Kinematics in Track and Field Jumping Events
Authors: Makaruk Hubert , Porter Marak , Starzak Marcin , Szymczak Edward
Published: October 2016

Introduction. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in selected kinematics in the long jump, triple jump, and pole vault to highlight the unique movement pattern characteristics in the approach runs utilised in these events. Material and methods. Data were collected during 1 international and 2 national competitions from 36 male athletes (12 in each event) using an Optojump Next system. Results. This study showed the long jumpers achieved the highest mean step velocity, with the pole vaulters showing the lowest velocity. The velocity of the last step before the take-off was greater (p < 0.05) than the velocity of the penultimate step in all groups of athletes. The length of the last step before the take-off was greater (p < 0.01) than the length of the penultimate step in long jump and pole vault athletes compared to the triple jumpers. The long jumpers demonstrated less contact time (p < 0.01) than the pole vaulters. The contact time of the take-off leg was shorter (p < 0.01) compared to that of the non-take-off leg in pole vaulters. The pole vaulters demonstrated less flight time (p < 0.05) compared to the triple jumpers. Lastly, the flight time during the last step before the take-off was shorter (p < 0.01) than the flight time during the penultimate step in all groups. Conclusions. These findings revealed that each of the track and field jumping events required a distinctive approach run. Therefore, training workouts need to be designed specifically to train the unique gait pattern of the long jump, triple jump, and pole vault.
Influence of the monodentate ancillary ligand on the photophysical properties of Pt(II) complexes bearing a symmetric dianionic tridentate luminophore
Authors: Stegemann Linda , Sanning Jan , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Strassert Cristian A.
Published: October 2016

Herein we present a study of the influence of the ancillary ligand on the photophysical properties of Pt(II) complexes with a symmetric tridentate luminophore. Starting from a previously used bulky triphenylphosphane (PPh3) as the monodentate ancillary ligand, progressively smaller ancillary ligands were introduced, namely a PPh2Me and a PPhMe2 and finally compared with a planar 4-amylpyridine. We observed that the emission wavelength of the monomer was not influenced by the monodentate ligand, and that excimer formation only occurs for the fully planar complex. Surprisingly, intermolecular deactivation pathways can be largely suppressed even with the smallest phosphane. This knowledge is important for the design and realization of triplet emitters for optoelectronic devices.
Effects of Traditional and Pyramidal Resistance Training Systems on Muscular Strength, Muscle Mass, and Hormonal Responses in Older Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Ribeiro Alex S. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Fleck Steven J. , Pina Fábio L.C. , Nascimento Matheus A. , Cyrino Edilson S.
Published: October 2016

Ribeiro, AS, Schoenfeld, BJ, Fleck, SJ, Pina, FLC, Nascimento, MA, and Cyrino, ES. Effects of traditional and pyramidal resistance training systems on muscular strength, muscle mass, and hormonal responses in older women: a randomized crossover trial. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1888–1896, 2017—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) performed in a pyramid (PR) versus a traditional (TD) system on muscular strength, muscle mass, and hormonal responses in older women. Twenty-five older women (67.6 ± 5.1 years, 65.9 ± 11.1 kg, 154.7 ± 5.8 cm, and 27.5 ± 4.5 kg·m−2) performed both a TD and PR system RT program in a balanced crossover design. The TD program consisted of 3 sets of 8–12 repetition maximum (RM) with a constant load for the 3 sets, whereas the PR system consisted of 3 sets of 12/10/8-RM with incrementally higher loads for each set. Training was performed in 2 phases of 8 weeks each, with a 12-week washout between the 8-week phases. One repetition maximum (1RM) tests were used as measures of muscular strength. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to estimate skeletal muscle mass. Testosterone and IGF-1 concentrations were determined preintervention and postintervention after 12 hours fasting. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases were observed in both groups for muscular strength in the 1RM chest press (TD = 12.4% and effect size [ES] = 0.86 vs. PR = 11.5% and ES = 0.74), knee extension (TD = 12.5% and ES = 0.61 vs. PR = 11.8% and ES = 0.62), preacher curl (TD = 10.9% and ES = 0.63 vs. PR = 8.6% and ES = 0.54), and for skeletal muscle mass (TD = 3.6% and ES = 0.32 vs. PR = 2.4% and ES = 0.24) with no differences between groups. There were no significant (p > 0.05) main effects for IGF-1 and testosterone. The results suggest that the PR and TD systems performed are similarly effective for promoting positive adaptations in muscular strength and hypertrophy in older women.
Validation of Heart Rate Monitor Polar RS800 for Heart Rate Variability Analysis During Exercise
Authors: Hernando David , Garatachea Nuria , Almeida Rute , Casajús Jose A. , Bailón Raquel
Published: October 2016

Hernando, D, Garatachea, N, Almeida, R, Casajús, JA, and Bailón, R. Validation of heart rate monitor Polar RS800 for heart rate variability analysis during exercise. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 716–725, 2018—Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis during exercise is an interesting noninvasive tool to measure the cardiovascular response to the stress of exercise. Wearable heart rate monitors are a comfortable option to measure interbeat (RR) intervals while doing physical activities. It is necessary to evaluate the agreement between HRV parameters derived from the RR series recorded by wearable devices and those derived from an electrocardiogram (ECG) during dynamic exercise of low to high intensity. Twenty-three male volunteers performed an exercise stress test on a cycle ergometer. Subjects wore a Polar RS800 device, whereas ECG was also recorded simultaneously to extract the reference RR intervals. A time–frequency spectral analysis was performed to extract the instantaneous mean heart rate (HRM), and the power of low-frequency (PLF) and high-frequency (PHF) components, the latter centered on the respiratory frequency. Analysis was done in intervals of different exercise intensity based on oxygen consumption. Linear correlation, reliability, and agreement were computed in each interval. The agreement between the RR series obtained from the Polar device and from the ECG is high throughout the whole test although the shorter the RR is, the more differences there are. Both methods are interchangeable when analyzing HRV at rest. At high exercise intensity, HRM and PLF still presented a high correlation (ρ > 0.8) and excellent reliability and agreement indices (above 0.9). However, the PHF measurements from the Polar showed reliability and agreement coefficients around 0.5 or lower when the level of the exercise increases (for levels of O2 above 60%).
Inflammasomes and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Vallurupalli S. , Dai Yao , Mehta J. L.
Published: October 2016

Inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Inflammasomes play a crucial role in innate immunity, which mediates the body’s response to various pathogens. Of the different types of inflammasomes, NLRP3 has been implicated in atherosclerosis through the production of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18. This review describes the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis and discusses potential therapeutic targets in the inflammasome pathway.