bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of fly ash from fluidized bed boilers in clinker-slag-ash based binders
Authors: Janowska-Renkas Elżbieta , Kowalska Jolanta
Published: June 2018

The study presents the state of knowledge regarding physical and chemical properties, as well as trends for application of fly ashes from combustion in fluidized bed boilers in building materials. Clinker - slag - ash based binders were tested that contained up to 40 mass % of fly ashes from combustion in fluidized bed boilers. It was demonstrated that fluidized bed combustion fly ashes (FBC fly ash), apart from granular blast furnace slag, could be the ingredient of low clinker Portland cements (ca. 20% by mass). These cements, compared to CEM I Portland cement, have higher water demand and durability in the corrosive environment, and a lower compressive strength value. Based on test results of binders with various content of blast furnace slag and fly ash, the clinker - slag - ash based binder was singled out, which demonstrated the higher durability in the corrosive environment. It was found that production of clinker - slag - ash based binders was possible in the strength class 32.5 even with 30% by mass of FBC fly ash content.
The effect of nano-additive TiO2 on the failure process of self-compacting concrete assessed using the acoustic emission method
Authors: Niewiadomski Paweł
Published: June 2018

Due to the new challenges posed to engineering constructions, as well as the principles of sustainable development, many laboratories around the world are carrying out works to improve the basic structural material that is concrete. There has recently been a lot of interest in modifying concrete with nano-sized particles. Literature reviews indicate that their addition significantly improves the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete that was obtained with their use. Until now, there is no knowledge of the effect of nano-additives on the process of destroying temporarily compressed concrete. One test method that enables the parameters that describe the stress failure of concrete to be determined is the acoustic emission method. This work fills the gap in the literature and presents the results of the author's own research on the impact of the use of different amounts of nano-additive TiO2 on the failure process of selfcompacting concrete that was made solely on the basis of granite aggregate. The stress failure of the tested concrete was described using the stress levels (determined using the acoustic emission method) that initiate the cracking σi and critical stresses σcr that delimit the tested process. The descriptors that were used for this purpose are the rate of counts and the average effective value of the acoustic emission signal.
Parameters of hardened concrete with the addition of metakaolin
Authors: Kotwa Anna
Published: June 2018

There is currently no known one recipe for a concrete mix that would be suitable in all operating conditions. At present, in addition to the basic ingredients, mineral additives and chemical admixtures can be found in the formulas of concrete mixes. Each intentionally introduced addition to the concrete mix affects the rheological characteristics of the concrete mix as well as the parameters of hardened concrete. The use of mineral additives replacing cement and aggregate in a concrete mix should contribute to environmental protection in a simple and economical way. If, in addition, additives are by-products of industry, they should be managed. Alternatively, one should look for possibilities of their neutralization, eg in the concrete industry. The article applies to laboratory tests of concretes with the addition of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% metakaolin. The additive was replaced with cement in a concrete mix. The effect of the additive on compressive strength, water absorption and capillary rupture of concretes was investigated. Compressive strength was tested after 14, 28, 56 and 90 days. Water absorption and capillary rupture was tested after 28, 56 and 90 days.
Sand-lime composites with basalt fibers
Authors: Kostrzewa Paulina , Stępień Anna
Published: June 2018

The fibers are used to reinforce concrete prevent first of all the formation of microcracks and open cracks, increase the strength and resistance of concrete. They also used in the production of wall building materials such as autoclaved cellular concrete, ceramics or silicate. Literature shows positive effects of the use of basalt (aggregate and dust) as an addition to autoclaved sand-lime products and the chemical composition of basalt fibers is not significantly different from the chemical composition of the basalt itself. The addition of basalt fibers did not bring the expected results. The additive adversely affects the fragility of the product, compressive and tensile strength of the product as well as absorbability. This is related to the incorrect arrangement of fibers in the sand-lime matrix. It can not be unequivocally stated that the addition of basalt fibers has a negative effect on lime-sand products. Further attempts should be made to apply basalt fibers more efficiently and to consider how to properly distribute the elements in the matrix.
Scanning electron microscopy in the tests of fibre-cement boards
Authors: Adamczak-Bugno Anna , Świt Grzegorz , Krampikowska Aleksandra
Published: June 2018

The subject of this article is research on fiber-cement boards, which are currently used in civil engineering as cladding for ventilated facades, but also as internal claddings. When these boards are used on elevations, they are exposed to changing weather conditions, and therefore they are given the appropriate requirements for strength, mass moisture, absorbability and, above all, durability in accordance with the relevant regulations. The paper presents a proposal for using a nondestructive microscopic method for testing fiber-cement boards using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an EDS analyzer. Fibercement boards subjected to various environmental factors (moisturizing, freezing-thawing) and exceptional factors (burning at 230°C and setting on fire for 5 and 10 minutes) were tested. Interesting research results were obtained, which allowed to observe changes occurring in the microstructure of the tested boards under the influence of various factors.
Modified stepped scheme for modelling the dynamic behaviour of 3D poroviscoelastic solids
Authors: Igumnov Leonid , Ipatov Aleksandr , Litvinchuk Svetlana
Published: June 2018

The problem of the dynamic response of a soil medium under different kinds of loads is of significant importance in various areas of engineering, especially in connection with structures. The present paper is dedicated to the modification of the numerical approach for modelling the dynamic behaviour of three dimensional poroviscoelastic solids. The basic equations for fluid-saturated porous media proposed by Biot are modified by replacing the classical linear elastic model of the solid skeleton with the viscoelastic model. Classical models of viscoelasticity are employed, such as Kelvin-Voight model, standard linear solid model and model with weakly singular kernel. Boundary integral equations method is applied to solving three-dimensional boundary-value problems. Stepped schemes modifications based on the linear and quadratic approximation of function are employed. A numerical example of poroviscoelastic rod under Heaviside type load is provided. A problem of a poroviscoelastic cube with a cavity subjected to a normal internal pressure is considered. The comparison of dynamic responses when poroviscoelastic material is described by different viscoelastic models is presented.
Octahedron-based spatial bar structures - the form of large areas covers
Authors: Pilarska Dominika
Published: June 2018

The large areas covers may be designed as the spatial dome constructions where the basis of their shaping are regular polyhedra. The paper presents eight new designed spatial bar structures as geodetic domes with a span of 50 m. The basis of their shaping is the regular octahedron. This polyhedron has not been recognized in detail as the basis for geodesic domes designing. Using second method of the division of the initial equilateral triangle proposed by professor Fuliński, bar domes generated from 2904-hedron, 3456-hedron, 4056-hedron, 4704-hedron, 5400-hedron, 6144-hedron, 6936-hedron and 7776-hedron were obtained. The designed eight bar structures were subjected to thorough geometric and static analysis showing the behaviour of the geodesic bar domes generated according to the presented in the paper method of the division of original face of regular octahedron. Own formulas were developed to determine the number of nodes and bars. The designed eight bar systems in the form of geodesic domes, which the basis of shaping is regular octahedron can be used as the covers of large areas without the necessity of the internal supports usage.
Numerical simulation of beam-to-column joints with flange cleats
Authors: Jabłońska-Krysiewicz Agnieszka , Gołowczyc Jakub
Published: June 2018

Although the effect of semi-rigid steel beam-to-column connections on the behaviour of steel frames and their substantial economic benefits are recognized nowadays, many structural analyses still consider connections as either fixed or pinned. For that reasons, there is need to be able the generate moment-rotation responses of semi-rigid connections that can be used for analysis and design proposes. Characteristic of the joints can be found using FEM models. The objective of the analysis was to find moment-rotation curves for beam-to-column joints with flange cleats and compare them to curves obtained from experimental studies. Numerical elastic-plastic 3D finite models was performed in order to establish a numerical analysis method for evaluating deformation of connections. For all joints there were obtained the FE results lightly underestimates results achieved from experiments. Some differences in the initial value of stiffness and resistances indicate the need for further work on improving FEM models. The inclusion of dimensional deviations of the IPE nad HEB sections, variability in the values of the prestressing forces of the bolts and the not centric positions of the bolts in the holes in the FEM model may contribute to increasing the degree of compliance of the results from experimental and numerical analyzes.
Technical diagnostics of the historic apartment house located at No. 31 in Dobra street in Warsaw
Authors: Bukała Michał , Chyła Andrzej , Kruszka Leopold , Muzolf Paweł
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a case study of investigating damage and assessing the current detailed technical state of the historic apartment house located at No. 31 in Dobra Street in Warsaw. The purpose of this assessment is to determine the possibility of the reconstruction of its last overground storey and the utility attic. Moreover, the impact of the second underground line construction process and the influence of transport vibrations caused by both the street traffic and the underground on the damage of the supporting structure of the building is determined. The study was conducted in order to prepare the design for the planned last overground storey reconstruction considering the influence of the construction process on the adjacent buildings and the surrounding urbanized area. The study of the building documentation and the field investigation on damage in the existing building allow the authors to conclude that the current technical condition of this building does not exclude the possibility of making the superstructure of this building. Moreover, the results of the carried out vibrations transmitted by the ground to the load-bearing structure of this building show that neither the transport-caused vibrations nor the noise do not cause a harmful effect both on the damaged masonry supporting structure of this building, as well as on its residents. The conditions of reconstruction of this historic building are also specified in this paper.
Selected problems of protection of historic buildings against the rainwater and the groundwater
Authors: Chmielewski Ryszard , Muzolf Paweł
Published: June 2018

The paper presents selected problems in the selection of the state of the art modern civil engineering solutions for drying moisture or wet, in particular parts of the underground structures of the brick historic buildings. The repair works of the immobile cultural heritage civil engineering objects require the appropriate choice of the design solution. These should be achieved by obtaining the assumed effects in the form of the effectiveness of repairs regarding all possible measures of protection of the cultural heritage buildings. Another key issue of the analysis of the causes of moisture formation in underground masonry structures is the necessity of consideration of the historic character of these buildings. Based on authors' extensive experience and expert knowledge, a range of diagnostics process as well as the assessment of the causes of the moisture problems of historic buildings for several selected cases was proposed. Moisture is transferred from the outside of the building to the basement interior by four mechanisms liquid water flow, capillary suction, vapor diffusion and air movement. The variety of the different mechanisms of moisture transfer, especially regarding buildings of cultural heritage implies that the selection of the most suitable system solution for solving moisture problem is the most crucial and a key issue in a specific case.
Research of post-tensioned concrete composite spans with Π-beams of road viaduct
Authors: Mordak Arkadiusz , Mańko Zbigniew
Published: June 2018

The paper is presented the results of research conducted on the posttensioned prestressed concrete spans made with precast Π-beams of part of seventh spans Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski road viaduct located in Gdynia (between supports no. 97-104) under static field load test. Heavy trucks were used as static loads. Superstructure (main beams), deck slab, and fixed and moving bearings, and also supports (abutment and piers) in both roadways of trestle were tested. Specification and range of conducted research are presented with analysis of results from the tests and calculation, which allowed to the estimate span structures behavior and their actual load-capacity before allow them to normal service on B-class of loads.
Restoration of the interior of the Summer Lubomirski Palace in Rzeszow
Authors: Wróbel Krystyna , Kubiszyn Wiesław
Published: June 2018

The Lubomirski Summer Palace is one of the most valuable not sacred monuments of Rzeszow architecture. It was erected in the late baroque style at the end of the 17th century by Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski as part of a large garden complex around the castle. Times of his glory fall in the mid-18th century. At that time, palace with the surrounding park was extended by Jerzy Ignacy Lubomirski and became a residence willingly visited for recreational purposes. The last private owners of the Palace were Nieć family who sold it to the Regional Medical Chamber in Rzeszów. Since 2014, the palace and its surroundings have been renovated for the seat of the Chamber. The subject of this article is a detailed presentation of the scope and method of the palace interior renovation. This renovation was carried out between 2014 and 2016 on the basis of previously prepared architectural building documentation and detailed renovation technology developed by the author of the article (adapted to the technical condition of the object). The article describes in detail the technical condition of the building before renovation, the scope of renovation works, problems encountered and the final effect - restored interiors of the building with few historic details of their décor.
Bionic forms in search of structural models in architecture
Authors: Nowak Anna , Rokicki Wiesław
Published: June 2018

Bionics is an interdisciplinary field of science, the aim of which is to create models that map processes and principles of functioning of the living organisms that can be transferred to technology. The bionic design is an interesting trend in contemporary architecture, which is characterized by the search for spatial forms in analogy to living organisms. The analyses of the possibilities to describe natural patterns using mathematical models that enable the transfer of biological structures are of particular importance. The natural patterns open up new ways to look for effective structures and materials. Shaping the forms "adapted" to the conditions, the environment and the surroundings is an element of structural design optimized in terms of working loads, which exists in accordance with the idea of a sustainable development. The paper presents the results of the research on the possibility of using mathematical models in architecture that mimic the forms found in nature and the analysis of the efficiency of bionic and geometrical forms due to the minimum weight criterion.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of composite truss beams
Authors: Bujnak Jan , Michalek Peter , Baran Wieslaw
Published: June 2018

The design specifications of composite trusses are only partially included in the European standards. However this construction system can be considered as one of the most economical for building and bridge structures. To create an interaction between steel and concrete, it is necessary to prevent the relative slip at the steel and concrete interface using the shear connectors. But the local effects of a concentrated longitudinal shear force between steel truss chord and concrete slab, as special task, should be appropriately examined. The finite element analyses can be used to investigate numerically this structural system behaviour, exploiting several computer procedures. The experimental research has tested these procedures. The outputs of this study are presented in the paper.
Does the Degree of Acculturation Influence Breastfeeding Intention and Start or the Frequency of Early Weaning? Results of a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Brenne Silke , Breckenkamp Jürgen , Borde Theda , David Matthias , Razum Oliver
Published: June 2018

Objectives Recent breastfeeding studies from immigration countries have found that acculturation factors influence breastfeeding behaviour in women with a migration background. To date, there has been no systematic investigation for Germany. Therefore, we study whether and how the degree of acculturation within a population of migrant women influences the start, time and duration of breastfeeding.

Patient Population and Methodology Pregnant women who were admitted to one of the three participating maternity clinics in Berlin for the birth of their child in the one-year study period were surveyed (including sociodemographic details, data on migration/acculturation). These women were interviewed again two or three days post partum (including start of breastfeeding, planned breastfeeding duration, reasons for not breastfeeding). In a subgroup, a telephone interview took place 6 months post partum about the actual breastfeeding duration, contraceptive behaviour post partum and availing of midwife services following delivery. Breastfeeding behaviour was analysed using multivariate regression models, among other things.

Results The prepartum survey included 7100 women, 6884 women were contacted in the postnatal wards, and the subgroup six months after delivery comprised 605 women. No acculturation-related differences were found in the start of breastfeeding. In the adjusted model, a medium and higher degree of acculturation diminished the chance of planning a long breastfeeding period. More acculturated women show a greater risk of weaning within the first six months than less acculturated women.

Conclusion The degree of acculturation has relevant significance for some aspects of breastfeeding behaviour in women with a migration background. This should be considered both in breastfeeding promotion programmes and in further national breastfeeding studies.
Wasser kontra Schmerz – Hydrotherapeutische Anwendungen in der Schmerzbehandlung
Authors: Gündling Peter W.
Published: June 2018

Obwohl hydrotherapeutische Maßnahmen etwas in Vergessenheit geraten sind, bieten sie wertvolle Optionen im Rahmen einer ganzheitlich-naturheilkundlichen Therapie. Als typische Regulationsverfahren wirken sie ausgleichend auf die Aktivität des vegetativen Nervensystems und tragen so zur Normalisierung des Muskeltonus, des Stoffwechsels und der Durchblutung bei. Damit können – mit relativ geringem Aufwand – nicht nur medikamentöse und andere nicht medikamentöse Maßnahmen ergänzt und verstärkt, sondern auch die Selbsthilfefähigkeit der Patienten wirksam unterstützt werden.
Myoreflextherapie im Sport: Fälle aus der Praxis
Authors: Mosetter Kurt
Published: June 2018

Bei der Myoreflextherapie geht es um die unmittelbare Lösung der zu hohen Grundspannung im Muskel/Muskelsystem und damit um die Entlastung von Gelenken und Weichteilstrukturen. Bereits leichte Druckerhöhungen können zu Schmerzen mit Ausstrahlung an entfernte Stellen führen.

Anhand von typischen Fällen werden häufige Beschwerden aus der sportmedizinischen Praxis, deren myoreflextherapeutische Behandlung und die möglichen Erfolge gezeigt.
Influence of Training of Orthopaedic Surgeons on Clinical Outcome after Total Hip Arthroplasty in a High Volume Endoprosthetic Centre
Authors: Osmanski-Zenk Katrin , Finze Susanne , Lenz Robert , Bader Rainer , Mittelmeier Wolfram
Published: June 2018

Hintergrund Ziel der Studie ist die Überprüfung, ob sich die postoperative Ergebnisqualität und die Komplikationswahrscheinlichkeit hüftendoprothetischer Eingriffe signifikant bei Operateuren in Weiterbildung von denen der sog. Hauptoperateure im Rahmen der EndoCert-Struktur unterscheiden.

Material und Methoden Eingeschlossen wurden 192 Patienten, die mit einer primären Hüftendoprothese versorgt wurden. Zur Evaluierung der Ergebnisqualität wurden präoperativ und 12 Monate postoperativ der Harris-Hip-Score, WOMAC, SF-36 und der EuroQol-5D abgefragt. Zudem wurden als Komplikationen die vom EndoCert-System definierten Qualitätsindikatoren erfasst.

Ergebnisse Signifikante Verbesserungen der postoperativen Score-Werte in Abhängigkeit von der Qualifikation des verantwortlichen Operateurs konnten sowohl bei Senior-/Hauptoperateuren als auch bei Ärzten in Weiterbildung festgestellt werden. Sofern ein Operateur in Facharztweiterbildung von einem Senior-/Hauptoperateur assistiert wird, ist kein Anstieg des peri- und postoperativen Komplikationsrisikos zu verzeichnen. Dagegen ergeben sich signifikante Unterschiede hinsichtlich einer verlängerten OP-Dauer.

Schlussfolgerung Durch die Umsetzung des EndoCert-Verfahrens wird sichergestellt, dass die postoperative Ergebnisqualität und die Komplikationswahrscheinlichkeit nach künstlichem Hüftgelenkersatz nicht von der Qualifikation des Erstoperateurs abhängig sind.
Versorgung von Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis
Authors: Minden Kirsten , Niewerth Martina , Klotsche Jens , Zink Angela
Published: June 2018

Hintergrund Multizentrische Beobachtungsstudien, wie die Kerndokumentation rheumakranker Kinder und Jugendlicher, und bundesweite Abrechnungsdaten vermitteln Informationen zur Versorgung von Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis (JIA). Sie gestatten die Art der Versorgung, deren Veränderungen über die Zeit und assoziierte Outcomes sowie Defizite aufzuzeigen.

Methoden Basierend auf Daten der Kerndokumentation, der Umfrage der kinderrheumatologischen Fachgesellschaft zu Versorgungsangeboten in 2017 und Publikationen der letzten Jahre wird die Versorgungssituation bei der JIA zusammenfassend dargestellt. Zur Beurteilung der Krankheitslast wurden neben der in der Kerndokumentation erfassten Krankheitsaktivität (beurteilt anhand des klinischen JADAS-10 [juvenile arthritis disease activity score]) die patienten-berichteten Outcomes Funktionsfähigkeit (bestimmt mittels Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire) und Schmerzen (erfasst mittels numerischer Ratingskala) herangezogen.

Ergebnisse Für die Behandlung rheumakranker Kinder und Jugendlicher stehen inzwischen bundesweit über 160 Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologen zur Verfügung. Die Versorgung der jungen Patienten erfolgt überwiegend an Krankenhausambulanzen, die Häufigkeit stationärer Behandlungen ist jedoch zurückgegangen. Die medikamentöse Therapie unterlag erheblichen Änderungen, in 2016 wurden 22% aller JIA-Patienten mit Biologika behandelt, von den Patienten mit systemischer JIA sogar fast 40%. Glukokortikoide und NSAR haben mit zunehmendem Biologikaeinsatz an Bedeutung verloren. Die Krankheitslast war bei den Kindern und Jugendlichen mit JIA in den letzten Jahren rückläufig. Sowohl die durchschnittliche Krankheitsaktivität als auch die Funktionseinschränkungen im Alltag sind zurückgegangen, die mittlere Schmerzstärke der Betroffenen änderte sich über die Zeit jedoch nicht relevant. Schätzungsweise mindestens zwei Drittel der JIA-Patienten werden im Kindes- und Jugendalter fachspezifisch versorgt. Im jungen Erwachsenenalter sind es weniger, was Konsequenzen für die medikamentöse Versorgung der Betroffenen hat.

Fazit Mit den heute vorhandenen Versorgungsangeboten und Therapiestrategien lässt sich die Krankheitslast bei den JIA-Patienten erfolgreich reduzieren. Damit Patienten von den neuen Optionen profitieren können, braucht es eine rechtzeitige Erkennung der JIA mit Überweisung und langfristigem Verbleiben in fachspezifischer Betreuung.
Effects of Modified Pyramid System on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Older Women
Authors: dos Santos Leandro , Ribeiro Alex , Cavalcante Edilaine , Nabuco Hellen , Antunes Melissa , Schoenfeld Brad , Cyrino Edilson
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to analyze the effects of a pyramid system performed with two repetition zones on muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in older women. Thirty-nine physically independent older women (67.8±5.4 years) were randomly assigned into one of two of groups that performed an 8-week resistance training program in an ascending pyramid fashion. Both groups performed 3 sets: a narrow repetition zone (NPR, n=20) with 12/10/8 repetitions, and a wide repetition zone (WPR, n=19) with 15/10/5 repetitions. The program consisted of 8 whole-body exercises, performed 3 times a week. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure SMM, and muscular strength was evaluated by one-repetition maximum (1RM). Both groups increased (P<0.05) SMM (NPR=+ 4.7%, effect size=+ 0.34; WPR=+ 8.4%, effect size=+ 0.77), and total strength (NPR=+ 11.3%, effect size=+ 0.80; WPR=+ 13.8%, effect size=0.84), without statistical differences between them. Results suggest that both zones of repetitions in a pyramid system are effective strategies to improve muscular strength and muscle growth in older women.
Einsparungen bei Behandlungskosten – Kenntnis der Kosten beeinflusst Implantatwahl bei Chirurgen
Authors: Ruchalla Elke
Published: June 2018

Wasterlain AS. et al. The Effect of Price on Surgeonsʼ Choice of Implants: A Randomized Controlled Survey. J Hand Surg Am 2017; 42: 593–601.e6

Kosteneinsparungen sind heute Thema in allen medizinischen Fachgebieten, sowohl für Ärzte als auch für Kliniken und Krankenversicherer bzw. Patienten selbst.
Weniger klar ist, wie solche Einsparungen vorgenommen werden können, ohne dass die Versorgungsqualität darunter leidet. Bei Unfallchirurgen bzw.
orthopädischen Chirurgen haben das nun Wasterlain et al. untersucht.
Simple Photo-Induced Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic Rings
Authors: Egami Hiromichi , Hamashima Yoshitaka , Ito Yuta , Ide Takafumi , Masuda Shuya
Published: June 2018

The trifluoromethylation of various aromatic compounds with Umemoto reagent II (2,8-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-5H-dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-5-ium triflate) proceeded in moderate to good yields under simple photo-irradiation conditions without any catalyst, additive, or activator. UV-Vis and NMR spectral analyses indicated that pre-formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex between the trifluoromethylating reagent and the substrate, as proposed in previous studies, is not essential for generation of the trifluoromethyl radical. Instead, the radical appears to be formed by simple photo-activation of the Umemoto reagent.
Concise and Environmentally Friendly Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the Putative Structure of a Biologically Active 3-Hydroxy-2-piperidone Alkaloid
Authors: Sartillo-Piscil Fernando , Romero-Ibañez Julio , Cruz-Gregorio Silvano , Quintero Leticia
Published: June 2018

An asymmetric total synthesis of stereoisomers of a putative structure of 3-hydroxy-2-piperidone alkaloid derivative is described. This route is not only concise and efficient but also is achieved under an environmentally friendly approach. To this end, a direct and double C–H oxidation reaction of simple benzylated piperidine and Baker’s yeast reduction of a carbonyl group allowed the rapid access to the optically enriched (S)-1-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2-piperidone in only three steps. The NMR data agreed with those obtained in the first total synthesis (and in discrepancy with the natural product), however, optical rotation did not match with both neither the natural and synthetic material.
Fibrinolytic System in Patients with Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Prokopowicz J , Worowski K , Popławski A , Gabryelewicz A , Niewiarowski S
Published: June 2018

The fibrinolytic system has been studied in 37 patients with essential hypertension, with arterial hypertension of various etiology (renal hypertension and hypertension with atherosclerosis). It has been found that in all these patients euglobulin fibrinolysis is inhibited and fibrinogen, factor VIII, plasminogen, plasminogen proactivator and antiplasmin increase considerably.

On the basis of the above findings and other literature data, the authors present a hypothesis that the fibrinolytic system is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure and that the impairment of plasminogen activator production in the renal tissue is one of the contributory factors in the development of arterial hypertension.
Influence of Fibrinogen Split Products on Platelets
Authors: Barnhart M. I , Cress D. C , Henry R. L , Riddle J. M
Published: June 2018

Breakdown products of fibrinogen and fibrin can play a role in hemostasis and also may be of consequence in thrombosis. β2 fibrinogen derivative D is an electropositive terminal proteolysis product of fibrinolysis which has the ability to aggregate platelets. The normal plasma concentration of such nonclottable fibrinogen relatives is 0.2 mg/ml. During fibrinolysis this concentration may reach 5 mg/ml plasma. Addition of β 2 fibrinogen D (raising the plasma concentration 0.1 to 5 mg/ml) either in vivo or in vitro induced platelet aggregations. Moreover, alterations in platelet morphology occurred which were obvious by electron microscopy.

Platelet depletion was a consistent response to the infusion of purified β2 fibrinogen D (8 to 55 mg/kg body weight) into dogs. Circulating platelets decreased as much as 85% but were only temporarily aggregated and reappeared in the circulation within 1 to 5 hrs. Small platelet aggregates circulated while large aggregates were trapped in the microcirculation. Thrombin was not responsible for the platelet aggregations as neither prothrombin nor clottable fibrinogen were changed significantly. The transient nature and morphological features of the platelet response according to microscopic criteria were prominent during and after infusion of β2 fibrinogen D.

In vitro studies included 3 systems; washed platelets, platelet rich plasma and whole blood. Positive results were obtained with all, but platelets in whole blood were most responsive. The magnitude of platelet aggregation and morphology correlated with the concentration of β2 fibrinogen D. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP (10~5 mg/ml) was compared with that induced by β2 fibrinogen D (0.09 to 0.72 mg/ml). With either reagent aggregates were of dendritic forms. Combination of the 2 reagents was additive but did not further change the morphology. Additional factors seem necessary for development of viscous metamorphosis.
Hypercoagulable State Induced in Humans by the Intravenous Administration of Purified Ellagic Acid
Authors: Girolami A , Cliffton E. E
Published: June 2018

The intravenous administration of ellagic acid induces a hypercoagulable state in humans. This is characterized by a striking shortening of the silicone clotting time and moderate shortening of the glass clotting time. No change in other coagulation parameter was noted. However, in one patient with a prolonged thromboplastin generation test, a correction of same was observed. The effect of ellagic acid is more prolonged in humans than in animals. There was no obvious toxic reaction to the administration of the drug.
The Prothrombin Time in the Newborn: Effect of Contact Activation
Authors: Shanberge J. N , Matsuoka T
Published: June 2018

The effect of foreign-surface contact on prothrombin conversion in adult plasma is compared to that of the newborn. The tests utilized in this comparison were the one-stage prothrombin time of Quick, the second stage of the thromboplastin generation test, and the prothrombin consumption test or the serum prothrombin time. In all of these there is much less acceleration produced by foreign-surface contact in the plasma of the newborn. Acceleration of the prothrombin conversion time is directly related to an increase in activity of factors VII and XL At no time could an increase in prothrombin activity be demonstrated. The decreased acceleration produced by foreign-surface contact in the plasma of the newborn is due primarily to a decreased level of factor VII as well as those factors necessary for its activation.
The Effect of Hirudin, a Potent Antithrombin, on the Thromboplastin Generation Test
Authors: Caldwell M. J
Published: June 2018

The presence of hirudin at the time adsorbed plasma and serum were combined in TGT inhibited the formation of the prothrombin converting activity. Hirudin, a potent antithrombin, probably exerted its inhibitory effect by neutralizing any thrombin which might form. If adsorbed plasma and serum were incubated together for a period as short as 1 to 3 min before the addition of hirudin, calcium and lipid, hirudin no longer exerted the same inhibitory effect, but, in order to exert the same inhibitory effect, had to be present in higher concentration. Preincubation of factor VIII deficient plasma with serum and calcium was not effective in overcoming hirudin inhibition, but preincubation with factor IX deficient serum with adsorbed plasma and calcium was able to overcome inhibition due to hirudin equally as well as normal serum.

Once again the importance of traces of thrombin in the formation of activity capable of rapidly clotting substrate plasma in TGT has been shown by using a specific thrombin inhibitor. A thrombin dependent interaction appears to take place between adsorbed plasma and serum and also between product I and phospholipid.
Anticoagulant Properties of an Acid Mucopolysaccharide Preparation Isolated from Rat Kidney
Authors: Allalouf D , Ber A , Rechnic Jadwiga , Sharon N
Published: June 2018

The anticoagulant properties of an acid mucopolysaccharide preparation isolated from rat kidney were investigated. This preparation was characterized chemically in a previous work (1) and was found to contain heparin-like material.

A qualitative similarity in the behaviour of our preparation to that of heparin becomes apparent from the results obtained in a number of tests in which heparin was also tested. Quantitatively, this preparation possessed in the recalcification test about 8% of the potency of the standard heparin preparation. Some of its subfractions obtained from a fractionation on an Ecteola-cellulose column exhibited a higher activity.

This work supports previous findings on the chemical characterization of this preparation.
The Anticoagulant Activity of 3.3’-(p-Alkylthio-Benzylidene)-Bis-4-Hydroxycoumarins and Their Oxidation Products
Authors: Gumińska Maria , Eckstein M , Stachurska Barbara , Sulko J
Published: June 2018

The anticoagulant activity of 3.3’-(benzylidene)-bis-4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives has been estimated by one step Quick’s method. The derivatives contained the following groups in the para position of benzylidene residue: NCS- (I), CH3-S- (II), CH3-SO-(III), CH3-S02- (IV), C2H5-S- (V), C2H5-SO- (VI), C2H5-S02- (VII). All these compounds were much more active than 3.3’-(benzylidene)-bis-4-hydroxycoumarin itself.

Compounds possessing the ethyl chain at the sulphur atom (V, VI, VII) were more active than methyl homologues (II, III, IV). Comparison of the activity of the series of thio-, sulphoxy-, and sulphonyl-derivatives showed that among methyl- and ethyl-derivatives those with the sulphoxy grouping (III, VI) displayed the greatest anticoagulant activity. The action of sulphonyl (IV, VII) and thio-derivatives (II, V) was weaker and shortest. The derivative with the NCS-group (I) possessed a relatively the lowest activity among the investigated compounds. 3.3’-(p-Ethylsulphoxybenzyl-idene)-bis-4-hydroxycoumarin (VI), with distinct biological activity reached about ½ of dicoumarol activity.
Study of Thrombin-Coagulase
Authors: Soulier J. P , Prou-Wartelle Odette , Hallé Liliane ,   with the technical assistance of
Published: June 2018

The preparation of thrombin-coagulase is described. The properties of thrombin-coagulase are compared with those of biothrombin: kinetics, thermostability, adsorption, chromatography, esterase activity, clotting activity, action on platelets and on factors V and VIII, susceptibility to inhibitors.

Biothrombin and thrombin-coagulase are closely related but distinct. Both apparently derive from prothrombin. Prothrombin and coagulase combine to form a complex: thrombin-coagulase wherein both factors are necessary for its activity. Possible explanations for the difference between thrombin-coagulase and biothrombin are proposed.
Determination of Fibrinogen (and Fibrinolysis) in Small Quantities of Plasma
Authors: Lázár G
Published: June 2018

The paper describes a simple method for the determination of fibrinogen and fibrinolysis especially suitable for serial examinations which may be performed with small amounts of plasma. In the procedures the amount of fibrin bound to the filter paper soaked in a thrombin solution is determined in the case of fibrinogen after washing, in that of fibrinolysis after incubation at 37° C and washing, by means of staining with fuchsine.
Studies on Aggregation and Adhesion of Platelets
Authors: Shively J. A , Gott C. L
Published: June 2018

A modification of the Wright method for the evaluation of the aggregation and adhesive properties of platelets is described; the test is relatively simple and can be performed in a clinical laboratory.

Using this procedure, the characteristics of platelets acidified to a pH of 6.5 from their normal pH by addition of small amounts of acid citrate dextrose (ACD) solution to platelet-rich plasma were evaluated. Aggregation and adhesive properties were decreased but returned to normal when the acidified platelets were resuspended in nonacidified platelet-poor plasma. These results confirm the transfusion and isotopie labeling survival studies using acidified platelets and indicate no significant injury of the platelets as exhibited by their aggregation and adhesive characteristics which are considered to be indicative of hemostatic function.
Platelet Numbers and Life Span in Acute and Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Stewart J. H
Published: June 2018

Platelet numbers were estimated on all 225 patients admitted with severe renal failure to the Sydney Hospital Renal Unit in a 2 year period. Serial counts were per formed to determine the circumstances under which platelet numbers were restored to normal in patients with thrombocytopenia. Measurements of 51Cr-labelled autologous or homologous platelet life span were made in 37 patients with severe renal disease and in 8 control subjects.

Thrombocytopenia occurred in one quarter of all patients with renal tubular necrosis, acute or subacute glomerulonephritis, or malignant hypertension, but only in one twelfth of those with severe uraemia due to chronic renal disease. Recovery of platelet numbers followed partial relief of uraemia by dialysis or return of renal function in 24 patients. In 2 patients the platelet count rose despite no relief of uraemia, and in 14, there was no recovery from thrombocytopenia before death. Severe infection, microangiopathy and malignant disease, although present in a number of patients, were not important causes of thrombocytopenia.

The life span of autologous platelets, or of compatible, normal, homologous platelets given to subjects who had never received a previous blood transfusion, was normal in severe renal failure, and there was no significant difference between patients with various types or different severities of renal disease. The survival of homologous platelets was slightly or moderately reduced when given to patients who had received a previous blood transfusion.

The mean recovery of autologous 51Cr-labelled platelets prepared in acid citrate was 58%, and of homologous platelets, 41 %.

Thrombocytopenia in renal failure is presumed to be mainly due to impaired platelet production caused by the biochemical affects of azotaemia. The condition should be treated by peritoneal dialysis, and, when this is impossible or ineffective, by platelet transfusion.
Coagulation Factors in Pregnant Women and Premature Infants with and without the Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Markarian Marguerite , Lindley Annabelle , Jackson Jacqueline J. , Bannon Anne
Published: June 2018

Coagulation factors (accelerator globulin, antihemophilic globulin, specific prothrombin, proconvertin complex and Stuart-Prower factor) in 82 low birth weight infants (750–1750 g), 22 normal adult controls and 38 pregnant women prior to delivery were studied at San Borja Hospital in Santiago, Chile.

Pregnant women prior to delivery had significantly higher values of accelerator globulin, antihemophilic globulin, proconvertin complex and Stuart-Prower factor than adult controls, but there was no difference in specific prothrombin.

The coagulation factors were similar in premature infants without RDS as compared to those with RDS (lived and died combined). However, premature infants with RDS who lived had higher values of prothrombin, proconvertin complex, Stuart-Prower factor at 25 hrs and accelerator globulin at 55 hrs of age than those with RDS who died. Most of these findings could be explained by impaired liver function in association with hypoxia.
Hemostasis as an Evolutionary Development
Authors: Quick A. J
Published: June 2018

Hemostasis is a complex physiological mechanism that has evolved as the organism increased in complexity and the need for safeguarding against loss of blood became progressively greater. The most primitive phase is vascular contraction which sufficed until the cardiovascular system made greater demands on the need for protection against hemorrhage. The developing of a coalescing blood cell constituted the second major advance in the mechanism of hemostasis, and it is very probable that the thrombocytes of avian and reptile blood and the platelets of mammalian blood represent the evolutionary end products of this phase. The clotting mechanism is the last step and is the third line defense against hemorrhage. Even in the higher forms of life including man, none of these steps in hemostasis have been supplanted, but rather have been supplemented. Therefore residua of the primary step are not only present but still functioning. To understand the problem of bleeding, it must be viewed from the global aspect of hemostasis.
A Distinction between the Role of Precursor and Activated Forms of Clotting Factors in the Genesis of Stasis Thrombi
Authors: Wessler S , Yin E. T , Gaston L. W , Nicol Iona
Published: June 2018

1. In vivo studies in rabbits have shown that the liver diminishes the thrombo-genicity of infused human serum.

2. In vitro rabbit liver perfusions with human serum have demonstrated the loss of serum thrombogenicity within 5 min after the onset of the perfusion. Associated with this loss of thrombotic capacity is a marked decrease in the activation product (AP) and labile factor IX (PPA) activity in the infused serum.

3. The liver appears to have the capacity to discriminate between circulating activated clotting activities such as AP and PPA and inactive procoagulants such as stable or genuine factor IX, factor VII and factor X. The latter are not cleared from the circulation by the liver.

4. These studies provide some insight into the mechanism whereby circulating activated clotting activities and retarded blood flow predispose to thrombosis.
The Spectrum of von Willebrand’s Disease
Authors: Bowie E. J Walter , Didisheim P , Thompson J. H , Owen C. A
Published: June 2018

Patients (from 5 kindreds) with variants of von Willebrand’s disease are described. In one kindred the depression of factor VIII was moderate (20 to 40% of normal) and transfusion of 500 ml of normal plasma led to an increase higher than anticipated and to an almost normal level of factor VIII 17 to 24 hrs later. This represents the usual type of von Willebrand’s disease.

In the second kindred the concentration of factor VIII was less than 2 % of normal in the son and daughter, who had severe bleeding and hemarthroses.

The third kindred was characterized by reduction of factor VIII and a long bleeding time as well as by a serum defect in the thromboplastin-generation test comparable to that seen in patients with hemophilia B, yet with normal levels of factors IX, X, and VII. The severity of the serum defect, the positive result with the Rumpel-Leede test, and the reduced platelet activity in the thromboplastin-generation test are all compatible with the diagnosis of thrombopathy or ‘‘thrombopathic hemophilia.” In two other kindreds, one patient had a long bleeding time and normal levels of factor VIII and another had a normal bleeding time and decrease of factor VIII. The last patient had the type of response to transfusion usually seen in von Willebrand’s disease.

In four kindreds, platelet adhesiveness in vivo was found to be strikingly abnormal (virtually absent).

It would appear, therefore, that von Willebrand’s disease forms a spectrum, and whether the kindreds reported simply reflect variations of a single genetic disease state or represent separate entities will be answered only by clarification of the underlying etiology of that disease.
Ultrastructural Observations on Platelet Adhesion Reactions
Authors: Erichson R. B , Cintron J. R
Published: June 2018

The interaction of platelets with collagen and with other platelets in collageninduced platelet aggregates has been studied with the electron microscope. The contours of aggregated platelets closely conformed to each other at a finite and regular distance, usually 200 to 300 Ångstroms. Structural conformity of platelets and collagen was less regular and occurred with a narrower separation. These findings are discussed in relation to observations of platelet interaction with fibrin and latex particles.