bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementación del estándar EITI en el Perú: lecciones aprendidas, oportunidades de mejora y recomendaciones
Authors: Huapaya Nava Mario , Shinno Guillermo , Wendorff Carlos
Published: March 2024

La transparencia es un factor clave en el establecimiento de las condiciones sistémicas que favorecen la buena gobernanza en el sector extractivo. Hoy resulta evidente que transformar la riqueza natural de los países en vías de desarrollo, es un desafío multi actor y que una interacción constructiva de los actores requiere de información confiable y transparente en todos los sentidos y fases de la cadena de valor de la industria. Los esfuerzos por una gobernanza transparente del sector extractivo fomentan la confianza entre las empresas, los actores de la sociedad civil, los ciudadanos y los gobiernos. Es un factor central en la rendición de cuentas que permite la identificación de brechas de eficiencia en el uso y asignación de los recursos públicos. La transparencia no es un fin en sí mismo, sino un medio para superar las barreras de la susceptibilidad, promover un planeamiento territorial participativo y evitar los conflictos socio ambientales. En este escenario los países de nuestra región, especialmente aquellos con presencia y preponderancia económica de las industrias extractivas, tales como Argentina, Colombia, pública Dominicana, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, México, Perú y Trinidad y Tobago han incorporado entre sus estrategias en favor de la transparencia, unirse a la Iniciativa para la Transparencia de las Industrias Extractivas (EITI, por sus siglas en inglés) encontrándose en diferentes etapas de su cumplimiento. Este documento analiza el caso de Perú y su relación con el EITI, como un ejemplo de largo camino y perseverancia a pesar de las adversidades y adaptación constante a los nuevos desafíos políticos, institucionales y económicos. Este documento quiere enviar un mensaje de llamado urgente a la acción a todos los actores responsables, especialmente públicos, para retomar el liderazgo regional y el ejemplo que llevó al Perú a ser el primer país cumplidor en el 2012 y el país pionero en llevar el estándar EITI a niveles subnacionales. Este documento va mas allá del diagnóstico actual, y se concentra en la historia que explica los riesgos de una posible nueva suspensión en el año 2024. Sobre la base de encuestas a los principales actores, reúne recomendaciones específicas con las que coinciden tanto lideres del sector público, empresarios, actores de la sociedad civil y organismos de cooperación internacional.
Extensión de la jornada escolar en el nivel primario: una hoja de ruta para su implementación en la Argentina
Authors: Torre Esteban , Vinacur Tamara , Zacarias Ivana , Alegre Silvana
Published: March 2024

En un contexto que encuentra serias limitaciones para garantizar los derechos de los niños y las niñas, y en un sistema educativo con fuertes desigualdades como el argentino, la ampliación de la jornada escolar ofrece múltiples oportunidades para promover una mayor justicia social y educativa. Entre ellas, la de mejorar los aprendizajes, las trayectorias escolares y el desarrollo integral de niños y niñas; fortalecer las capacidades organización de la vida familiar.
IDB Group Project Performance: The 2023 Validation Cycle
Authors: Peña-Habib Oliver , Gallego Jorge , Corrales Luis Fernando , González Jorge , King Julie , Wong Melisa , Linares Ana María , Yong Prötzel Ivory , Yamamoto Chiaki
Published: March 2024

This report summarizes the 2023 results of the Office of Evaluation and Oversight's (OVE's) annual review of project performance at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Group. Every year, IDB Group Management prepares self-evaluations on the final results of its operations. These are called Project Completion Reports (PCRs) at the IDB and Expanded Supervision Reports (XSRs) at IDB Invest. PCRs and XSRs are then validated by OVE to ensure that they are substantiated by evidence and are prepared in accordance with their respective guidelines. Self-evaluations are intended to serve as accountability and learning tools. The IDB Group's project evaluation methodology is objectives-based. Project performance is rated based on four core criteria: (i) relevance of the project's goals and design, (ii) effectiveness or the degree to which the project achieved the specific objectives for which it was approved, (iii) efficiency with which the objectives were achieved, and (iv) sustainability of the results achieved. Each project then receives an overall outcome rating, calculated as a weighted average of the core criteria ratings, where effectiveness has the highest weight. In addition, two noncore criteria are rated for IDB operations (Bank performance and borrower performance), while three are rated for IDB Invest operations (additionality, investment profitability, and work quality). OVE also rates the quality of the self-evaluation reports by Management. The overall outcome is rated on a six-point scale, while core criteria, noncore criteria, and PCR and XSR quality are rated on a four-point scale. For simplicity, this report groups ratings into “positive” and “negative,” where positive corresponds to the top half ratings in the scale, and negative to the bottom half.
Rola polskiej literatury faktu (i nie tylko) w obalaniu tabu historycznych. Próba omówienia problematyki na literackich przykładach Holokaustu i Jedwabnego
Authors: Németh Orsolya
Published: March 2024

Po transformacji ustrojowej w 1989 r. w Polsce i w byłym bloku wschodnim zaczynał się wyjątkowo silny proces „rozliczania” z przeszłością. Za czasów systemu komunistycznego było wiele takich tematów, których nie było wolno dotykać, stały się bowiem tematem tabu. Transformacja przyniosła z sobą pewien rodzaj uwolnienia tematycznego, a literatura stała się jednym z najważniejszych środków konfrontacji z przeszłością oraz jej przetwarzania. W niniejszym artykule próbuję pokazać taką rolę literatury poprzez przykłady Holokaustu oraz Jedwabnego, do czego użyję utworów Anny Bikont (My z Jedwabnego), Tadeusza Słobodzianka (Nasza klasa), Lidii Ostałowskiej (Farby wodne) oraz opowieści węgierskiego pisarza Zoltána Halasiego (Út az üres éghez – „Droga do pustego nieba”). W takim kontekście trzeba również zobaczyć, jak generalnie wygląda proces tabuizowania oraz rola i działanie pamięci zbiorowej, a także indywidualnej. Drugą zasadniczą kwestią jest język, styl i forma tekstu, ponieważ trzeba zadać pytanie, jak można opowiadać o tym, co jest niewyrażalne.
The influence of underlying conditions of countries on the COVID-19 lethality rate
Authors: Guevara Rosero Grace Carolina , Illescas Navarrete Eymy Coralia
Published: March 2024

The management of the COVID-19 pandemic not only depends on the stringency measures established by governments but also and more importantly on the underlying capacity of territories in economic and health and sanitary infrastructure. This study aims to identify how the underlying conditions of countries influence on their level of COVID-19 lethality rate. To do so, a classification of countries is first conducted by the means of the k-means partitioning method, using COVID-19-related variables such as the lethality rate, the contagion growth rate and the number of days with respect to China. Based on the resulting groups of countries of the first stage, Tobit and Ordinary Least Squares regressions are estimated to determine the effect of the underlying characteristics of countries on their COVID-19 lethality rate. Risks factors which increase the lethality rate in countries are the contagion growth rate, the trade flow with China, the age composition of the population and, to a lesser extent, the population density. Factors that help to reduce the lethality rate are the government effectiveness, the health infrastructure (hospital beds) and, to a lesser extent, the economic growth rate.
Plan S and Open Access (OA) in Quebec: What Does the Revised FRQ OA Policy Mean for Researchers?
Authors: Harris Rachel , Lange Jessica , Lasou Pierre
Published: March 2024

Objective – Our article examines the effects of Quebec’s provincial funding agency (FRQ)’s revised 2022 OA policy on researchers. Following FRQ’s participation as a cOAlition S funding agency, which involves endorsing Plan S principles, we provide an overview of the OA options for researchers. We examine these options under the FRQ 2019 and FRQ 2022 policy years, account for the effect of transformative agreements (TA) on OA publishing options, as well as the financial implications for researchers under the revised policy.
Methods – The researchers extracted a list of FRQ-funded publications from years 2020 to 2022 using the DOI registration agency Crossref. Using this sample set, the researchers quantitatively analyzed OA options under the previous policy and the revised one, comparing the two. To determine the effect of transformative agreements (TAs)s, we reviewed current agreements offered through Canada’s national licensing agency Canadian Research Knowledge Network (CRKN).
Results ­– We found that the self-archiving method for open access (OA) is reduced under the revised 2022 policy. Our results lead us to anticipate the pressure felt by authors who will be required to pay article processing charges (APCs) to meet grant requirements.
Conclusion – The current publishing patterns of FRQ-funded researchers are primarily concentrated in hybrid journals not covered by transformative agreements. As such, researchers will face additional financial costs should these publishing patterns continue. Concerted efforts among all stakeholders (researchers, universities, libraries, and funders) are needed to sustainably transition to immediate OA.
French version – https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/993806/
El requisito de novedad como condición para la protección vía diseño industrial bajo la decisión 486 de 2000: reseña desde la doctrina del acto aclarado del Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina y desde la jurisprudencia colombiana reciente
Authors: Arbeláez Ramírez Santiago , Llano Ceballos Juan Pablo
Published: March 2024

La presente reseña pretende sintetizar los conceptos más importantes relacionados con el requisito de la novedad de los diseños industriales, a partir de las interpretaciones prejudiciales del Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina que constituyen la doctrina del acto aclarado, y a partir de la reciente jurisprudencia del Consejo de Estado y del Tribunal Superior de Bogotá.

Para tales efectos, en un primer momento se precisará el concepto de la doctrina del acto aclarado y se abordará la noción y el alcance de protección del diseño industrial. Posteriormente, de modo ilustrativo, se expondrá el marco histórico y normativo de los diseños industriales. A continuación, se expondrá el alcance del concepto de novedad a la luz de la jurisprudencia reciente. Finalmente, se traerá a colación algunos extractos jurisprudenciales que condensan los temas tratados a lo largo de la presente reseña.
Excepciones de patentabilidad: enfoque desde el caso de la tecnología CRISPR-Cas9. ¿Constituye una vulneración al orden público, la moral y las buenas costumbres?
Authors: Celis Pinzón Leidy Johana
Published: March 2024

Hoy en día, los avances tecnológicos e innovadores contribuyen significativamente al progreso de las sociedades, empresas y Estados. Sin embargo, las solicitudes de patentes que se dan a raíz de las invenciones en materia de biotecnología pueden ser objeto de rechazo por las oficinas de patentes, debido a que su explotación comercial puede ser contraria al orden público, la moral y las buenas costumbres. Mediante el presente escrito, se realiza un estudio de la excepción de patentabilidad del orden público y moral en relación con la tecnología de edición genética CRISPR-Cas9 a través del estudio comparado de las legislaciones de Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y de Colombia. Adicionalmente, se analiza el otorgamiento parcial de la patente CRISPR-Cas9, donde la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio de Colombia solicitó modificar el alcance de las reivindicaciones con el fin de conceder la patente, por considerar que la explotación comercial de la invención vulnera el orden público y moral. Finalmente, se menciona brevemente la relación de COVID-19 con dicha técnica de edición genética.
Las flexibilidades en materia de patentes farmacéuticas y acceso a los medicamentos en México
Authors: Arcudia Hernández Carlos Ernesto , Hernández Morejón Verónica
Published: March 2024

La concesión de patentes farmacéuticas ha ocasionado efectos en el derecho al acceso a los medicamentos. Entre otros efectos, se han incrementado los precios, las empresas farmacéuticas recurren a tácticas para impedir que entren al mercado medicamentos genéricos y tratan de extender la protección de sus invenciones. Los tratados comerciales suscritos por México, que han sido fundamentales para la protección de patentes farmacéuticas, contienen una serie de flexibilidades que pueden implementarse a nivel nacional. El presente trabajo analiza, mediante un método de integración normativa, la regulación de las patentes farmacéuticas en los acuerdos de libre comercio haciendo énfasis en las flexibilidades. Posteriormente, analiza el régimen jurídico de la Ley Federal de Protección a la Propiedad Industrial, particularmente la regulación de las flexibilidades como la cláusula Bolar, licencias obligatorias o la protección del dominio público.
De musas a autoras: participación en el sistema de propiedad intelectual actual de artistas emergentes argentinas en el contexto digital
Authors: Craviolatti Celina
Published: March 2024

A lo largo de la historia, las mujeres han influido significativamente en la creación artística, a menudo sin obtener reconocimiento. Según un informe de la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual del año 2019, las mujeres participan menos en el sistema de PI y no se benefician igual que los hombres. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la participación de mujeres artistas emergentes en el sistema de protección de derechos de autor, con especial énfasis en el ámbito digital, en el noroeste de Buenos Aires. Para lograrlo, se realizaron dos acciones: se consultaron entidades de gestión colectiva y organismos públicos en Argentina, y se llevaron a cabo encuestas digitales (N=60) dirigidas a artistas emergentes de esa región. Los resultados recopilados evidencian una disparidad en la inscripción de obras entre mujeres y hombres de la región. Además, la falta de estadísticas desglosadas por género en instituciones de propiedad intelectual dificulta la comprensión de la participación femenina y la resolución de las desigualdades en este contexto específico.
Patrimonio intangible empresarial. Fundamentos jurídicos y contables financieros para la sistematización de la categoría
Authors: Suárez Gutiérrez Evelio , Contreras Villavicencio Dulce María
Published: March 2024

El contenido del artículo aborda desde el derecho y la contabilidad la histórica derivación de la concepción de patrimonio, estableciéndose además su relación con la propiedad y los activos fijos intangibles. Se enmarca en la empresa y la llamada sociedad del conocimiento con el objetivo general de fundamentar teorías de dichas disciplinas para dinamizar la sistematización de la categoría patrimonio intangible empresarial. En ese sentido, el estudio se realiza mediante la aplicación de técnicas y métodos generales de investigación. Del nivel teórico, histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo y abstracción-concreción, obteniéndose como resultado la inserción de la categoría patrimonio intangible empresarial a través de fundamentos que permiten su comprensión para la práctica jurídica y contable financiera. Se concluye que esta categoría novedosa corresponde o se integra a la totalidad de la propiedad o el patrimonio empresarial que, por su razón de ser en el negocio, se destina o pretende destinar al intercambio o comercio en busca de beneficios o utilidades económicas.
Suyun Karşısı: Gazetecilikten Halkla İlişkiler Uzmanlığına Geçiş Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: Altar Oya
Published: March 2024

Her ikisinin de ortak amacı, kitle iletişimi için haber üretmek olan halkla ilişkiler ile gazetecilik, geçmişten bugüne temas ve mesafe, aşk-nefret olarak tanımlanabilecek simbiyotik bir ilişki içindedir. Kurumlar hedef kitlelerine ulaşmak için medyaya ihtiyaç duyarken, medya da her geçen gün daha fazla haber üretmek için kaynağa ve bilgiye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu nedenle halkla ilişkiler uygulama alanları arasında başta gelen medya ilişkileri, halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcıları ile gazetecileri sık sık aynı platformda buluşturmaktadır. Bir gazeteci gibi haber değerini bilme, haber yazabilme, fotoğraf çekebilme ve sektörde çevre sahibi olma, bir halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcısından beklenen yeterlilikler arasında ilk sıralarda gelmektedir. Bu yeterliliklere işin doğası gereği sahip olan gazetecilerin kariyerlerinin bir bölümünde kurumsal iletişim departmanlarında basın danışmanı olarak görev alması ise sık rastlanılan bir durumdur. Gazetecilik kökenli basın danışmanlarının halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcılığına dair görüşleri üzerinden halkla ilişkilerin mesleki algı sorununa değinen bu çalışma aynı zamanda gazeteciler ile basın danışmanları arasındaki gergin ilişkinin geldiği noktayı tespit etmeye çalışmaktadır. İzmir özelinde gerçekleştirilen nitel araştırma olgu bilim deseninde tasarlanmış, yapılan görüşmelerle konunun detaylarına ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. İlk olarak, mesleğe gazeteci olarak başlayan basın danışmanlarının halkla ilişkilere dair bir mesleki aidiyet geliştirmediği saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte dijital medyanın gelişiminin, gazeteciler ile basın danışmanları arasındaki gergin ilişkiyi yeni bir boyuta taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir.
Wykłady z chemii ogólnej i nieorganicznej dla studentów biologii i biotechnologii (z elementami analizy jakościowej i ilościowej): Wydanie 2 uzupełnione
Authors: Seliger Piotr
Published: March 2024

Skrypt ten został pomyślany jako materiał pomocniczy dla studentów I roku kierunku mikrobiologia i biotechnologia oraz II roku kierunku biologia do wykładów z chemii nieorganicznej prowadzonych na Wydziale Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. Z moich obserwacji wynika, że przedstawienie niektórych tematów może być przydatne także dla studentów chemii, przy czym zwracam uwagę, iż materiał zawarty w tym skrypcie jest bardzo okrojony i nie obejmuje wszystkich zagadnień wymaganych na kierunku chemia. Liczba godzin wykładów w porównaniu z ilością materiału obowiązującym w minimum programowym sprawia, że aby został on zrealizowany, wykłady muszą być prowadzone w dość dużym tempie, co z kolei powodowało błędy lub duże luki w notatkach studenckich. Mam nadzieję, że wraz z tym skryptem studenci będą mogli bardziej skoncentrować się na tłumaczonych zagadnieniach i na zrozumieniu omawianych tematów. Proszę nie traktować tego podręcznika jako substytut wykładów, lecz jedynie jako pomoc do nich, gdyż wytłumaczenie i objaśnienie zagadnień omawianych na wykładach nie znalazły się w tych materiałach. W drugim uzupełnionym wydaniu zostały poprawione błędy znalezione w pierwszej edycji tego skryptu. Dodano też kilka nowych slajdów, które pojawiły się w trakcie kolejnych lat prowadzenia wykładów. Ze względu na zmniejszenie liczby godzin wykładów część materiału została przeniesiona i oznaczona jako dodatek, tak by studenci nie mieli problemów z weryfikacją obowiązkowego materiału, który ich dotyczy.
Cost Reduction Economical Drip Layout for Enhancing Productivity, Profitability and Soil Fertility in Maize and Cotton under Semi-arid Condition
Authors: Shanmugam P.M. , Varshini S.V.
Published: March 2024

Background: Single economical cost reducing drip lay out for major annual crops with paired row geometry is an alternate solution to overcome constraints faced by the farmers and increase the income. Further to achieve high crop production and sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary to compare the effects of different dripline spacings and fertilization rates on maize and seed cotton yield. Methods: A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli to evaluate the suitability of single economical drip layout and to optimize the fertilizer level in modified geometries as well as to assess the impact of geometries in water and productivity of maize and cotton. Result: The results revealed that, the economics was in favor with 1.20 m lateral spacing and application of 100% recommended N and K through drip fertigation and P as soil application (L2F2) having higher gross return, net return and BCR in maize and cotton. 1.2 m spacing between two laterals with 4Iph emitter at 0.6 m interval with recommended dose of 100% N and K trough fertigation and P as soil application is recommended to achieve higher productivity and monetary return form cotton and maize.
PRISTUPAČNOST VEB SAJTA FAKULTETA – SMERNICE, TEHNIKE VREDNOVANJA I MOGUĆNOSTI UNAPREĐENJA
Authors: Kazi Ljubica , Amižić Vuk , Kazi Maria , Borovina Jovana
Published: March 2024

U ovom radu razmatran je koncept, osnovne karakteristike, zahtevi i standardi pristupačnosti veb sajtova, sa posebnim osvrtom na smernice za kvalitet veb sajtova visokoobrazovnih institucija. Dat je kratak pregled prethodnih istraživanja koja se odnose na metode, primenu alata i rezultate evaluacije veb sajtova obrazovnih institucija, a posebno fakulteta i univerziteta. Analizom prethodnih istraživanja utvrđena je veoma velika aktuelnost teme, trend ka automatizaciji procesa vrednovanja, kao i nepovoljni rezultati stanja pristupačnosti veb sajtova fakulteta u različitim zemljama u okviru evaluacija koje su rađene prema WCAG smernicama. Prikazana su dva primera dostupnih softverskih alata TAW i eXaminator, koji se koriste za automatsku evaluaciju pristupačnosti veb sajtova u odnosu na WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). Primenom alata TAW realizovano je empirijsko istraživanje automatskog vrednovanja starog i novog veb sajta Tehničkog fakulteta „Mihajlo Pupin“ Zrenjanin. Pored toga, na osnovu WCAG 2.0 smernica, kreiran je evaluacioni model za manuelno vrednovanje pristupačnosti. Empirijskim istraživanjem u ovom radu utvrđena je primenjivost dostupnog evaluacionog softverskog alata TAW, ali i predloženog evaluacionog modela za manuelno vrednovanje. Automatska i manuelna evaluacija su tokom primene dali dijametralno suprotne rezultate u komparaciji starog i novog veb sajta fakulteta. Ovaj rad daje primer primene softverskih alata i metoda za vrednovanje pristupačnosti veb sajtova. Takođe, predstavlja podsticaj da se prilikom izrade novih ili unapređenja postojećih veb sajtova obrazovnih institucija posebno obrati pažnja na kvalitet u aspektu pristupačnosti.
FORDÍTÁS ÉS KÖZELÍTŐ TÖRTÉNELEMKÉPEK
Authors: LAJOS Katalin
Published: March 2024

Az egyes közösségeknek, csoportoknak egymásról és önmagukról kialakított és forgalmazott kollektív képzeteinek a létrejöttét, az identitásnak és a Másikkal szembeni viszonyulásnak a kérdéseit vizsgálja az összehasonlító imagológia, ami részben interdiszciplináris módszer, részben önálló tudományágnak is tekinthető. A történelemtudomány a maga diskurzusával szintén forgalmazhatja, alakíthatja ezeket a kollektív képzeteket, s azáltal, hogy nem csak a szűk szakmai közösség érdeklődésére tarthat számot, pozitív és negatív módon befolyásolhatja ezeket a hagyományos imázsokat. Tanulmányomban azt vizsgálom, hogy az 1989-es romániai fordulat után tematizálódik-e a történészek között az, hogy milyen kép is forgalmazódik a két történetírásban a román és magyar nép történetéről (és magáról a népről), illetve azt is elemzem, hogy a történelemtudományi munkák fordításai hogyan járulnak/ járulhatnak hozzá a két nemzet történelemképének közelítéséhez. Elemzésem fő tárgyát a magyar fordításban 2000 után megjelent jelentősebb román történelemtudományi munkák szövegelemzése képezi.
AZ EMLÉKEZÉSTŐL AZ ELBESZÉLÉSIG
Authors: BANDI Irén
Published: March 2024

Ebben a tanulmányban Nádas Péter Világló részletek című művének köztes tereit vizsgálom, pontosabban az elbeszélő én tudatmozgásának irányait próbálom feltárni. A tanulmány első részében azt igyekszem átlátni, hogy az elbeszélő hogyan lép át a jelent közvetlenül érzékelő tudat határán, hogyan talál rá a múlt emlékeire, illetve azt, hogy miként képes a saját belső utazását tárgyilagosan megfigyelni és rögzíteni. A tanulmány második részében az a kérdés is felmerül, hogy az elbeszélő hogyan lép túl saját szubjektív élményein, és hogyan jut el olyan világtapasztalatokhoz, melyek nem az ő közvetlen megismerésének részei. A második részben tehát azt szeretném nyomon követni, hogy az elbeszélő – mellőzve a fikció és a képzelet eszközeit – hogyan jut el a közös történetekig, hogyan lépi át azt a köztes teret, melyet a megismerésre törekvő elme az én és a te, az én és a másik világa között óhatatlanul érzékel.
OSWALD SPENGLER HATÁSA MÁRAI SÁNDOR ÉS KERTÉSZ IMRE CIVILIZÁCIÓÉRTELMEZÉSÉRE
Authors: BARCSI Tamás , NÉMETH Ákos
Published: March 2024

Tanulmányunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy Oswald Spengler kultúra-, illetve civilizációértelmezése miként hatott két jelentős magyar író, Márai Sándor és Kertész Imre gondolkodására. Először bemutatjuk, hogy Márai különböző korszakokban keletkezett műveiben mennyiben érhető tetten a Spengler-hatás, miben ért egyet Márai Spenglerrel és miben vitatkozik vele. Ezt követően Kertész Imre konzervativizmusáról és Spenglernek A Nyugat alkonyában kifejtett felfogásával párhuzamba állítható megállapításairól lesz szó. Végül Márai és Kertész civilizációértelmezéseinek hasonlóságairól és különbségeiről írunk.
Dampak Penggunaan Gadget Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Usia 2-3 Tahun di Dusun Oi Saja Kabupaten Bima Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Zuhra Halimatu , Husnaini Nani , Khaerani Saputri Imran
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seperti apa bentuk penggunaan gadget pada anak usia 2-3 tahun di dusun Oi Saja kabupaten Bima, serta bagaimana bentuk pengawasan orangtua terhadap anak dalam bermain gadget dan apa saja dampak penggunaan gadget terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif  deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan secara objektif keadaan di tempat penelitian dengan menggunakan rangkaian kata-kata atau kalimat. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan juga dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa bentuk penggunaan gadget pada anak usia 2-3 tahun di dusun Oi Saja Kabupaten Bima di antaranya yaitu membuka aplikasi youtube, bermain game dan membuka aplikasi tik-tok dengan durasi penggunaan gadgetyang berbeda-beda, sedangkan bentuk pengawasan orang tua pada anak dalam bermain gadget yaitu mengawasi aplikasi yang dibuka oleh anak, mengawasi durasi penggunaan gadget pada anakserta mengawasi sikap anak dalam bermain gadget, dan beberapa dampak negatif dari penggunaan gadget pada anak yaitu berdampak pada perkembangan sosial anak, perkembangan emosi dan juga berdampak pada kesehatan anak, serta memiliki beberapa dampak positif yaitu: Meningkatkan rasa percaya diri, meningkatkan kemampuan dalam berbahasa, dan menambah kosa kata.
Dilema Guru PAUD Inklusi Terhadap Kompleksitas ABK: Antara Tantangan dan Keniscayaan
Authors: Uswatun Nisa  , Vera Wati
Published: March 2024

Menjamurnya kuantitas lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) dewasa ini tidak lepas dari peranan pemerintah dalam amanat Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. PAUD sebagai wadah pembinaan dan stimulasi pendidikan bagi anak usia dini (usia pra sekolah) bertujuan untuk membentuk karakter maupun kematangan tumbuh kembang jasmani-rohani sehingga anak memiliki kesiapan melanjutkan jenjang yang lebih tinggi. Diversitas kondisi anak yang tergabung dalam kamar PAUD ini menghadapkan guru ke berbagai realita, kompleksitas, tantangan dan keniscayaan terhadap pemahaman utuh tentang konsep anak berkebutuhan khusus usia dini. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian jenis lapangan dengan metode kualitatif dimaksudkan untuk menggali narasi pengalaman dari subjeknya para informan guru PAUD inklusi di kabupaten Barito Kuala. Menggunakan model Miles & Huberman serta analisis teori diferensiasi belajar didapati bahwa setiap anak mewarisi beragam kemampuan, bakat, minat dan spesifikasi kebutuhan yang berbeda-beda. Sehingga pemahaman guru terhadap definisi anak berkebutuhan khusus sebagai anak yang mengalami keterbatasan atau keluarbiasaan secara fisik, mental-intelektual, sosial-emosional yang kerap disebut ABK ‘permanen’ tidak selalu relevan. Hadirnya ruang untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus diterima pada PAUD inklusi ini menunjukkan bahwa anak sedang beradaptasi dalam perkembangan dan proses belajar dengan laju tempo yang tidak selalu sama. Melalui pengamatan dan pemetaan kemampuan individu anak akan menghantarkan pemberian dorongan dan pemenuhan kebutuhan khusus belajarnya yang tepat serta maksimal.  

Kata kunci: Anak berkebutuhan khusus; paud; inklusi; diferensiasi.
Learning Strategies for Religious and Moral Values in the Modern Era After the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Annisa Fitriana  , Eko Suhendro
Published: March 2024

Religio­­­­us and moral education is an important part of learning. The development of children's religious and moral values ​​from an early age is emphasized because the values ​​absorbed by the child will become the conscience that will become control the child when he grows up. Ideally, this religious and moral learning provides the main foundation for children's character from an early age. Religious morals are very important for one of the guidelines for human life because religious morals are a benchmark in human life, such as life experience. The existence of the covid pandemic that hit children caused the religious values ​​of children to decline, such as children who behaved violently, children who behaved individually, and children who lacked confidence and were addicted to gadgets. The main reason is that limited learning became the main problem in the implementation of religious and moral education during yesterday's pandemic. This study aims to equip teachers in implementing post-pandemic religious and moral education by discussing strategies that are important in the application of religion and morals in overcoming the decline in children's religious and moral values. This study uses qualitative methods. The data collection techniques used in this study were interview and observation techniques. The primary data sources from teachers and library studies are journals and books. The results show that the strategy for implementing religious and moral learning in the post-covid 19 modern generations is to apply Good Parenting Patterns, Understanding of Religion and Moral Development, Diversity Environment, Application of Supportive Learning Models, Set Examples to Children, Delivering Advice in Fun Ways, Using Singing, Implementing the Play Method. The results of the research above will make a real contribution to teachers in achieving ideal religious and moral learning in early childhood.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kelompok dalam Mengembangkan Kemampuan Membaca Pada Anak Usia Dini di Tk Muslimat III Durbuk Pademawu Pamekasan
Authors: Rayhan Rasidi , Nurul Qomariyah
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the extent to which teachers apply the group learning system in TK Muslimat III. This research method is qualitative with a descriptive type of research. To get the maximum data, researchers use research. The research location is TK Muslimat III Durbuk Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency. The source data obtained by the researcher comes from primary data through teachers and students, while secondary data is obtained from some scientific works, for example; books, journals, and magazines. By using data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation. As for data analysis, researchers narrate in the form of descriptions. The results showed that: first, the implementation of a group learning system in improving children's reading ability, children were grouped into 4 people according to the level of child reading development, reading books in turns, stimulating children with conversational and question and answer methods. With group learning, children are more enthusiastic and focused because there is a sense of community and foster a hone and compassionate attitude towards students. Second, the supporting factors for the implementation of the group learning system in improving children's reading skills in Muslimat III Kindergarten are that the learning room is packaged so that students are more interested, learning media that attracts students to learn comfortably. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors of the group learning system in improving children's reading skills in TK Muslimat III are children's lack of interest in listening and listening, lack of obedience, frequent disturbing of friends and lack of interaction between one child and another.
Meningkatkan Literasi Bahasa pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Media Game Edukasi
Authors: Widuroyekti Barokah , Luluk Hadiqotul , Iswati
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas Game Edukasi Rekreasiku dalam meningkatkan literasi bahasa pada anak usia dini di Kabupaten Jember. Subjek penelitian adalah guru-guru paud yang berjumlah 100. Metode penelitian menggunakan design eksperimen quasi, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya perubahan yang cukup besar pada hasil pretest di kelas eksperimen.  Game Edukasi Rekreasiku memiliki tampilan yang penuh warna, isi aplikasi tidak mengandung unsur pornografi, sesuai perkembangan IPTEK, penyusunan kalimat yang tepat serta gambar-gambar-gambar yang menarik serta bahasa yang sederhana sehingga anak-anak tertarik untuk belajar. Dengan memanfaatkan game edukasi Rekreasiku, ada alternatif yang cocok dikarenakan permainan edukatif berbasis android ini memiliki kelebihan pada tampilannya yang menarik dan bahasanya yang sederhana. Game edukasi Rekreasiku mendorong anak usia dini untuk melakukan kegiatan mendidik dengan cara menyenangkan. Game Edukasi Rekreasiku berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perkembangan literasi anak pada anak usia dini.
ÖĞRETMENLERİN İŞ PERFORMANSINA ETKİ EDEN ETMENLER, İŞ PERFORMANSININ SONUÇLARI, İŞ PERFORMANSININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİNE YÖNELİK ÖĞRETMEN VE OKUL YÖNETİCİSİ GÖRÜŞLERİ: BİR DURUM ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Vural Gürsen , Özdemir Murat
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin iş performansını etkileyen etmenler, iş performansının sonuçları ve iş performansının geliştirilmesi ile ilgili öğretmen ve okul yöneticisi görüşlerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması desenine göre yapılandırılmıştır. Araştırma 2022/2023 yılı güz döneminde Türkiye’nin İstanbul, Ankara, Trabzon, Tokat, İzmir, Isparta, Erzurum, Siirt, Balıkesir, Eskişehir, Elazığ, Sivas ve Zonguldak ilerinde farklı branşlarda görev yapan on üç öğretmen ve on dört okul yöneticisi olmak üzere toplam yirmi yedi katılımcı ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar amaçlı örneklem yönteminden maksimum çeşitliliğe göre belirlenmiştir. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları sonucunda öğretmen performansını artıran ve azaltan etmenlerin yönetici, meslektaş, öğretmenin kendisinden, veli, öğrenci, okul ve çevresinin fiziksel, sosyo kültürel özellikleri ve çalışma koşullarından kaynaklı etmenler olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmen performansı öğretmen, öğrenci, kurum ve toplum açısından sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda yöneticilerin özellikle liderlik davranışları, dönütleri, öğretmenleri ödüllendirilmesi, desteklemesi, adil olması, işbirliği, iletişim, güven, mobbing uygulaması; öğretmenlerin ise özellikle mesleki gelişimini destekleyici çalışmalar yapması, örgüte ve mesleğe bağlı olması, güçlü işbirliği ve iletişime sahip olması, sağlık sorunları performansını etkileyen etmenler arasındadır. Öğretmen performansının geliştirilmesi için öğretmenlik mesleğinin itibarını artıracak politikaların hayata geçirilmesi, bu bağlamda maaş ve ücretler artırılabilir.
İLKOKUL ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN MÜZEYE İLİŞKİN ALGILARI
Authors: Çetin Mert , Dağ Nilgün
Published: March 2024

Müzeler, okul dışı öğrenme ortamlarından biri olup önemli bir bilgi ve birikim merkezleridir. Bu çalışmada, ilkokul öğretmenlerinin “müze” algıları incelenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin müzeyi nasıl algıladıkları, kavramsallaştırdıkları ve zihinlerinde nasıl bir müze şeması olduğu araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma modeline dayalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, temel nitel araştırma deseninde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında Mersin ili Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar ve Yenişehir ilçelerinde bulunan resmi ilkokullarda görev yapan 14 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların seçilmesinde, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olanj ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, görüşme yoluyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde kod, kategori, tema sistematiği kullanılarak hiyerarşik bir kodlama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, katılımcıların müzeyi “tarih ve kültür”, “öğrenme ve kişisel gelişim” ve “maddi kanıt” odaklı olarak algıladıkları; müzeleri duyusal, eğitsel, sanatsal, tarihi ve kültürel içerikli mekânlar olarak gördükleri ve müzeyi kişiye bireysel, sosyal ve sanatsal bir deneyim kazandıran öğrenme mekânı olarak düşündükleri tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, katılımcıların müzeyi müzeyle olan ilişkilerine göre tanımlama eğiliminde olduklarını göstermiştir. Araştırma bulguları, müzenin ilkokul öğretmenlerince üç farklı bağlamda anlaşıldığını ampirik olarak göstermekte ve öğretmenlerin müze algılarındaki bireysel farklılıklar için açık kanıtlar sağlamaktadır.
Relationship between Perception of Anxiety Symptoms and Quality of Life of Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Reference Center in Amazon
Authors: da Silva Rayanne Vieira , Carvalhal Manuela Maria de Lima , Gomes Daniela Lopes
Published: March 2024

The relationship between perception of anxiety and quality of life in caregivers of children with autism was verified. To verify quality of life, the Short Form Healthy Survey Item was used; perception of anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. 80 caregivers of children with autism participated, with 68.7% of caregivers being mothers. Of the total number of caregivers, 68.8% had a severe level of anxiety. Regarding quality of life, they demonstrated greater impairment in Limitation due to physical aspects, Limitation due to emotional aspects, Vitality and Pain. Caregivers with severe anxiety levels had worse quality of life in the domains of pain (p = 0.012), social aspects (p =< 0.001), limitation due to emotional aspects (p = 0.001) and mental health (p =< 0.001). However, in the functional capacity domain, caregivers with a moderate level of anxiety had a better physical capacity score (p = 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the general anxiety score and the general physical (p = 0.029) and general emotional component of quality of life (p =< 0.001). It was found that caregivers of children with ASD present losses related to psychological factors, quality of life and the lack of social support.
The influence of innovative and traditional Cabernet Sauvignon winemaking technology and wine aging on stilbenes and other polyphenolic compounds
Authors: Petrović Aleksandar , Živković Nikolina , Torović Ljilja , Bukarica Ana , Nikolić Vladan , Cvejić Jelena , Gojković-Bukarica Ljiljana
Published: March 2024

From grape cultivation to ripening and harvest timing to processing, each step can be a critical point when it comes to wine quality and phenolic composition. In this study, the influence of winemaking technology on resveratrol and quercetin content, as well as other polyphenolic compounds, was investigated. Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenolic stilbene synthesized by grape skin when damaged by infectious diseases or ionizing radiation. Quercetin is a phenol found in grape skins and stems and is produced to protect grapes from UV light damage. Trans-resveratrol and quercetin are known to act as antioxidants, reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes, inhibit the growth of cancer cells, and prevent the release of allergic and inflammatory molecules. However, the question was whether red wine could be enriched with these phenols using an innovative winemaking technology. The innovative idea was to completely replace the cold maceration process with maceration with the addition of wild yeast (Torulaspora delbrueckii, Td). Maceration with the addition of wild yeast (Td) offers the following advantages over traditional cold maceration: (1) higher concentrations of trans-resveratrol (>35-40%) and quercetin (>35-40%) in the final wine, (2) the new wine has a higher potential for human health, (3) the wine has a better aroma and stability due to the higher mannoprotein content, and (4) the better energy efficiency in the production process. The study of stability during storage and aging also included derivatives of benzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid, piceid, catechin, naringenin, rutin, kaempherol, hesperetin, and anthocyanins. The study found that younger wines had higher phenolic content, while storage of the wine resulted in a decrease in total phenolic content, especially monomeric stilbenes and quercetin.
Intrinsic Disorder and Other Malleable Arsenals of Evolved Protein Multi-functionality
Authors: Aftab Asifa , Basu Anirneya , Nath Seema , Basu Sankar
Published: March 2024

The evolution of human societal dynamics over the course of decades and centuries has led to an ever-increasingly complex digital modern life, one of the hallmark of which is the need for multi-tasking, inclusive of that with media. Is there an empirical mapping between this macroscopic (digital) evolution of the human societal dynamics (in terms of multi-tasking) and the microscopic evolution of the functional molecular units within cells (i.e., proteins) and their manifold cross-talks? Multi-tasking requires a certain degree of intrinsic or adapted flexibility which is as true at the bio-molecular level. Evolutionary diversification of structure-function relationship in proteins emphasizes the functional importance of intrinsically disordered entities (IDPs/IDRs) which are highly dynamic biological soft matters. Multi-functionality is favorably supported by their fluid-like shapes and other new malleable members of the protein family. The new wealth of knowledge coming from recent research on protein intrinsic disorder, fold-switching, moonlighting, hub proteins etc. has given us new insights into protein structure – functional relationship. This has led to a paradigm shift in protein science, clearly diverging from the traditional 'one structure – one function' model applicable to enzyme classes to a more complex understanding of protein functionality. This paradigm shift has caused scientists to delve deeper into the subject, exploring various evolutionary toys and tools to fit the cumulative multi-functional demands in higher organisms. This commentary covers the different evolutionary arsenals to achieve the growing multi-functionality and argues in favor of protein intrinsic disorder as probably the sharpest weapon of all.
Evaluation of a Commercially Available Serum Competitive ELISA for Detection of Specific Antibodies to Neospora caninum in Raw Milk of Ruminants
Authors: Fereig Ragab , Altwaim Sarah A. , Frey Caroline F.
Published: March 2024

Neosporosis is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum and has substantial veterinary hazards. Neosporosis cannot be controlled via vaccination or a chemotherapeutic agent. Thus, accurate diagnosis followed by isolation and culling of infected animals is regarded as the most efficient way of control. In vivo diagnosis often relies on serologic testing of the animals, and milk represents a non-invasive and easy to collect sample matrix. However, ELISAs specifically designed for the antibody detection in milk are sometimes not easily available and it is tempting to use ELISA kits designed for use in serum also for milk samples. Herein, we evaluated a widely used commercial ELISA (ID Screen® Neospora caninum competition Multispecies ELISA (ID. Vet, Grabels, France)), developed for detection of N. caninum antibodies in serum samples, for its performance with milk samples instead. Milk samples from dairy ruminants (cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats; n = 149) were tested in parallel with the serum ELISA and a commercial milk ELISA as a standard test (Neospora caninum Milk Competitive ELISA, ID. Vet, Grabels, France). The detected prevalence rates were 42 (28.2%), 26 (17.4%), and 26 (17.4%) using milk ELISA, serum ELISA, and both ELISAs, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the serum ELISA used with milk samples were 61.9%, 100%, 100%, 87%, respectively: Agreement and Kappa value between the two ELISAs were 89.3%, and 0.70, respectively. High values of Pearson correlation coefficient (0.991) and area under ROC curve (0.789) demonstrated a high diagnostic performance of serum ELISA also in milk samples. Also, Bland-Altman plot and Histogram describing the frequency of distribution of ELISA optical densities confirmed the high agreement of both serum and milk ELISAs. The current results revealed a high specificity but moderate sensitivity of the serum ELISA used for milk samples compared with the milk ELISA. However, the excellent positive predictive value of the serum ELISA makes it an alternative option in case of unavailability of milk ELISA. With this study, we provided additional evidence that a widely used serum ELISA test kit may also be used for detection of N. caninum antibodies in milk samples.
MicroRNAs in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A State of Art from Biogenesis to Clinical Future Perspectives and Artificial Intelligence Possible Applications
Authors: Li Pomi Federica , Incorvaia Lorena , Badalamenti Giuseppe , Russo Antonio , Vaccaro Mario , Gangemi Sebastiano , Borgia Francesco
Published: March 2024

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive skin cancer characterized by two etiologies: the first one, observed in most cases, is attributed to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a DNA tumor virus, while the second one is due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. Currently, there are limited diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers available for MCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but regulate various cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The dysregulation of miRNAs has been associated with a wide range of cancers since they can act as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. This paper aims to collect, summarize and re-organize the recent discoveries concerning miRNAs, whose dysregulation in the pathogenesis and progression of MCC is slowly emerging. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers, possible differentiation between MCPyV-related and unrelated MCC, predictors of response to therapy and prognostics are also discussed. From this review, it emerges that miRNAs may have, in the near future, the potential to become clinically significant in improving the diagnostic accuracy, prognostic evaluation, and therapeutic options of MCCs. Finally, the new perspectives on the poorly explored field of artificial intelligence in MCC are provided.