bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NIH support of mobile, imaging, pervasive sensing, social media and location tracking (MISST) research: laying the foundation to examine research ethics in the digital age
Authors: Dunseath Sarah , Weibel Nadir , Bloss Cinnamon S. , Nebeker Camille
Published: December 2017

Mobile Imaging, pervasive Sensing, Social media and location Tracking (MISST) tools used in research are raising new ethical challenges for scientists and the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) charged with protecting human participants. Yet, little guidance exists to inform the ethical design and the IRB’s regulatory review of MISST research. MISST tools/methods produce personal health data that is voluminous and granular and, which may not be subject to policies like the Health Information Portability and Accessibility Act (HIPAA). The NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORTER) database was used to identify the number, nature and scope of MISST-related studies supported by the NIH at three time points: 2005, 2010 and 2015. The goal was to: 1-examine the extent to which the NIH is supporting this research and, 2-identify how these tools are being used in research. The number of funded MISST research projects increased 384% from 2005 to 2015. Results revealed that while funding of MISST research is growing, it only represented about 1% of the total NIH budget in 2015. However, the number of institutes, agencies, and centers supporting MISST research increased by roughly 50%. Additionally, the scope of MISST research is diverse ranging from use of social media to track disease transmission to personalized interventions delivered through mobile health applications. Given that MISST research represents about 1% of the NIH budget and is on an increasing upward trajectory, support for research that can inform the ethical, legal and social issues associated with this research is critical.
Fast screening of flavonoids from switchgrass and Mikania micrantha by liquid chromatography hybrid-ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Aoxin , Hou Xincun , Wei Yun
Published: December 2017

A strategy for fast screening of flavonoids in switchgrass and M. micrantha by LC/MS-IT-TOF has been established and applied.
An easily prepared graphene oxide–ionic liquid hybrid nanomaterial for micro-solid phase extraction and preconcentration of Hg in water samples
Authors: Sotolongo Annaly Cruz , Martinis Estefanía M. , Wuilloud Rodolfo G.
Published: December 2017

High retention of Hg and sensitive determination with a graphene oxide–ionic liquid hybrid nanomaterial.
A new solidified effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the analysis of fungicides in fruit juice samples
Authors: Yıldız Elif , Çabuk Hasan
Published: December 2017

A simple and rapid pretreatment method based on effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was introduced for the determination of three fungicides (azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and cyprodinil) in fruit juice samples followed by liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection.
Layer-by-layer fabrication of g-C3N4 coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of food additives followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection
Authors: Yang Yixin , Qin Peige , Zhang Xiaoting , Niu Jiahua , Tian Shufang , Lu Minghua , Zhu Jinhua , Cai Zongwei
Published: December 2017

With graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as an SPME fiber coating, a headspace SPME-GC was developed for the analysis of food additives.
Rapid and sensitive colorimetric sensing of the insecticide pymetrozine using melamine-modified gold nanoparticles
Authors: Kang Jing-yan , Zhang Yu-jie , Li Xing , Dong Chen , Liu Hong-yu , Miao Li-jing , Low Paul J. , Gao Zhi-xian , Hosmane Narayan S. , Wu Ai-guo
Published: December 2017

A rapid, selective, visual detection sensor with high sensitivity and low detection limits for the pesticide pymetrozine (PYM) was prepared from melamine-modified gold nanoparticles (M-Au NPs), and shown to be effective in both natural water and food samples.
A novel paper based colorimetric assay for the detection of TiO2nanoparticles
Authors: Bulbul Gonca , Eskandarloo Hamed , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: December 2017

In this communication, we propose a new paper-based platform functionalized with methylene blue (MB) for the detection and removal of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs).
VGCF 3D conducting host coating on glass fiber filters for lithium metal anodes
Authors: Yang Yang , Xiong Jian , Zeng Jing , Huang Jingxin , Zhao Jinbao
Published: December 2017

VGCF 3D conducting host coating on a glass fiber filter has been demonstrated for its use as a lithium metal anode.
Total synthesis of (+)-brasilenyne via concise construction of an oxonane framework containing a 1,3-cis,cis-diene
Authors: Lim Changjin , Ahn Jungmin , Sim Jaehoon , Yun Hwayoung , Hur Joonseong , An Hongchan , Jang Jaebong , Lee Seungbeom , Suh Young-Ger
Published: December 2017

The enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-brasilenyne, which has a unique oxonane framework containing a 1,3-cis,cis-diene, has been accomplished.
Reversible addition of terminal alkenes to digermynes
Authors: Sugahara Tomohiro , Guo Jing-Dong , Sasamori Takahiro , Nagase Shigeru , Tokitoh Norihiro
Published: December 2017

Stable digermynes with sterically demanding Bbt (Bbt = 2,6-[CH(SiMe3)2]2-4-[C(SiMe3)3]-C6H2) or Tbb (Tbb = 4-tBu-2,6-[CH(SiMe3)2]2-C6H2) groups underwent reversible [2+2] cycloadditions with terminal alkenes to give the corresponding 1,2-digermacyclobutenes.
Cerium oxide as an efficient electron extraction layer for p–i–n structured perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hu Ting , Xiao Shuqin , Yang Hanjun , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang
Published: December 2017

Efficient p–i–n structured perovskite solar cells were demonstrated by employing a solution-processed CeOx electron extraction layer.
Ca–Al double-substituted strontium hexaferrites with giant coercivity
Authors: Trusov Lev A. , Gorbachev Evgeny A. , Lebedev Vasily A. , Sleptsova Anastasia E. , Roslyakov Ilya V. , Kozlyakova Ekaterina S. , Vasiliev Alexander V. , Dinnebier Robert E. , Jansen Martin , Kazin Pavel E.
Published: December 2017

Ca–Al double-substituted strontium hexaferrites exhibit record-high coercivities up to 21.3 kOe.
Pd/Cu dual catalysis: highly enantioselective access to α-substituted α-amino acids and α-amino amides
Authors: Huo Xiaohong , Fu Jingke , He Xiaobo , Chen Jianzhong , Xie Fang , Zhang Wanbin
Published: December 2017

In this work, we have developed a synergistic Pd/Cu catalyst system for the asymmetric allylation of glycine iminoesters/amides, affording a range of α-substituted α-amino acids/amides in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (88 → 99% ee).
Phthalocyanine as a redox-active platform for organometallic chemistry
Authors: Zhou Wen , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: December 2017

The first structurally characterized phthalocyanine (Pc)-based PcM-aryl, PcM–alkynyl, and PcM–Wittig complexes (with any metal centre), and the first PcCr–alkyl complexes spanning three chromium and two Pc-ring oxidation states are presented, illustrating that this classical, redox-active macrocycle can support a wide range of metal–carbon chemistry.
Three-dimensional oriented attachment growth of single-crystal pre-perovskite PbTiO3 hollowed fibers
Authors: Zhao Ruoyu , Li Ming , Ren Zhaohui , Zhu Yihan , Han Gaorong
Published: December 2017

Large-size single-crystal pre-perovskite PbTiO3 hollowed fibers are formed via a three-dimensional oriented attachment process driven by electrostatic force.
First-principles study on the atomistic corrosion processes of iron
Authors: Chew Khian-Hooi , Kuwahara Riichi , Ohno Kaoru
Published: December 2017

A study on the theoretical energy landscape of the iron corrosion process starting from Fe2/Fe(100) and ending with Fe2O3·2H2O.
Stable graphene oxide–gold nanoparticle platforms for biosensing applications
Authors: Hernández-Sánchez Dania , Villabona-Leal Giovanny , Saucedo-Orozco Izcoatl , Bracamonte Victoria , Pérez Elías , Bittencourt Carla , Quintana Mildred
Published: December 2017

A straightforward, highly reproducible, and clean methodology yielding AuNPs@GO hybrids with excellent chemical, thermal, and electrochemical stabilities for SERS biodetection is reported.
XRD- and infrared-probed anisotropic thermal expansion properties of an organic semiconducting single crystal
Authors: Mohanraj J. , Capria E. , Benevoli L. , Perucchi A. , Demitri N. , Fraleoni-Morgera A.
Published: December 2017

The anisotropic thermal expansion properties of an organic semiconducting single crystal constituted by 4-hydroxycyanobenzene (4HCB) have been probed by X-rays diffraction and infrared spectroscopy in the range 120–300 K.
Tertiary dynamics of human adult hemoglobin fixed in R and T quaternary structures
Authors: Chang Shanyan , Mizuno Misao , Ishikawa Haruto , Mizutani Yasuhisa
Published: December 2017

We elucidated the coupling between tertiary and quaternary structural dynamics in human adult hemoglobin using time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy.
The hydrolysis of epoxides catalyzed by inorganic ammonium salts in water: kinetic evidence for hydrogen bond catalysis
Authors: Nozière B. , Fache F. , Maxut A. , Fenet B. , Baudouin A. , Fine L. , Ferronato C.
Published: December 2017

Hydrogen-bond catalysis strongly accelerates the hydrolysis of epoxides in aqueous media, and is likely to be important in natural environments.
A mechanistic study of silica-etching by hot water
Authors: Zhu Zhijie , Zhang Shumin , Li Chaoran , Zhang Jinpan , Yu Jia , Du Xuemin , He Le , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: December 2017

The mechanism of silica etching by hot water is elucidated which allows the controlled synthesis of mesoporous silica nanostructures.
Discrimination between hydrogen bonding and protonation in the spectra of a surface-enhanced Raman sensor
Authors: Wattanavichean Nungnit , Casey Ella , Nichols Richard J. , Arnolds Heike
Published: December 2017

Adsorbed mercaptopyridine can sense hydrogen-bonding because the ring breathing mode has a different frequency from bare and protonated species.
Dynamical decoupling of nitroxides ino-terphenyl: a study of temperature, deuteration and concentration effects
Authors: Soetbeer Janne , Hülsmann Miriam , Godt Adelheid , Polyhach Yevhen , Jeschke Gunnar
Published: December 2017

Distinct matrix- and molecule dependencies govern nitroxide decoherence ino-terphenyl at low temperatures, disclosing an optimal range for dynamical decoupling.
Excitation power dependent optical temperature behaviors in Mn4+doped oxyfluoride Na2WO2F4
Authors: Cai Peiqing , Wang Xiangfu , Seo Hyo Jin
Published: December 2017

Optical temperature sensing behaviors of Na2WO2F4:Mn4+under different excitation powers.
Validating an optimized GAFF force field for liquid crystals: TNI predictions for bent-core mesogens and the first atomistic predictions of a dark conglomerate phase
Authors: Boyd Nicola Jane , Wilson Mark R.
Published: December 2017

Atomistic simulations of bent core mesogens provide excellent TNI predictions and show the formation of a dark conglomerate phase.
Coordination chemistry of stannylene-based Lewis pairs – insertion into M–Cl and M–C bonds. From base stabilized stannylenes to bidentate ligands
Authors: Krebs K. M. , Freitag S. , Maudrich J.-J. , Schubert H. , Sirsch P. , Wesemann L.
Published: December 2017

The coordination chemistry of intramolecular stannylene phosphorus Lewis pairs incorporated into four or three membered ring molecules is presented.
NiII–LnIII complexes with o-vanillin as the main ligand: syntheses, structures, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties
Authors: Costes Jean-Pierre , Dahan Françoise , Vendier Laure , Shova Sergiu , Lorusso Giulia , Evangelisti Marco
Published: December 2017

ortho-Vanillin yields three types of heteronuclear NiII–LnIII complexes, ranging from dinuclear to tetranuclear defect dicubane complexes.
Production, optimisation and characterisation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) gonad
Authors: Zhong Chan , Sun Le-Chang , Yan Long-Jie , Lin Yi-Chen , Liu Guang-Ming , Cao Min-Jie
Published: December 2017

The purification, characterization, and molecular docking study of a novel ACE inhibitory peptide (NAPHMR) derived from sea cucumber gonad hydrolysates.
Oxidative dimerization of anilines with heterogeneous sulfonic acid catalysts
Authors: Paris Emanuele , Bigi Franca , Cauzzi Daniele , Maggi Raimondo , Maestri Giovanni
Published: December 2017

Sulfonic acids selectively catalyze the oxidative dimerization of anilines to azobenzenes without any unnecessary organics.
HMF in multicomponent reactions: utilization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the Biginelli reaction
Authors: Fan Weigang , Queneau Yves , Popowycz Florence
Published: December 2017

The use of the renewable platform molecule 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the multi-component Biginelli reaction has been investigated.
Iron reduction response and demographic differences between diabetics and non-diabetics with cardiovascular disease entered into a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zacharski Leo R. , Shamayeva Galina , Chow Bruce K.
Published: December 2017

Filings of elemental iron separated magnetically from a homogenate of breakfast cereal implicated in the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Thermal behaviour of viscosity of aqueous cellulose solutions to emulate biomass in anaerobic digesters
Authors: Conti Fosca , Wiedemann Leonhard , Sonnleitner Matthias , Goldbrunner Markus
Published: December 2017

Investigating dynamic viscosity of aqueous cellulose solutions to mimic biomass slurry in scale-down laboratory tanks representing biogas digesters.
Self-discriminating fluorescent hybrid nanocrystals: efficient and accurate tracking of translocationviaoral delivery
Authors: Shen Chengying , Yang Yinqian , Shen Baode , Xie Yike , Qi Jianping , Dong Xiaochun , Zhao Weili , Zhu Weifeng , Wu Wei , Yuan Hailong , Lu Yi
Published: December 2017

Bioimaging of integral nanocrystals was achieved by embedded ACQ fluorophores, while absorption of nanocrystals from GIT was proved.
Self-organized multi-layered graphene–boron-doped diamond hybrid nanowalls for high-performance electron emission devices
Authors: Sankaran Kamatchi Jothiramalingam , Ficek Mateusz , Kunuku Srinivasu , Panda Kalpataru , Yeh Chien-Jui , Park Jeong Young , Sawczak Miroslaw , Michałowski Paweł Piotr , Leou Keh-Chyang , Bogdanowicz Robert , Lin I-Nan , Haenen Ken
Published: December 2017

Self-organized multilayered graphene–boron doped diamond nanowalls show an enhanced field electron emission behavior.
Solvent-sensitive signs and magnitudes of circularly polarised luminescence and circular dichroism spectra: probing two phenanthrenes as emitters endowed with BINOL derivatives
Authors: Nakanishi Shoma , Hara Nobuyuki , Kuroda Natsuki , Tajima Nobuo , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane
Published: December 2017

AC2-symmeric binaphthyl framework bearing phenanthrene as the emitter exhibited circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) in dilute solutions.
Exploring bis-(amino)cyclopropenylidene as a non-covalent Brønsted base catalyst in conjugate addition reactions
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Goswami Prithwish , Vijaya Anand Ramasamy
Published: December 2017

The catalytic application of bis-(amino)cyclopropenylidene, as a non-covalent Brønsted base, in the 1,4- and 1,6-conjugate addition of carbon nucleophiles to enones andp-quinone methides, respectively, is described.
From the Editor's Desk – Polymer Chemistry 2018
Authors: Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: December 2017

Editor-in-Chief Christopher Barner-Kowollik introduces the first 2018 issue of Polymer Chemistry.
Stacking stability and sliding mechanism in weakly bonded 2D transition metal carbides by van der Waals force
Authors: Zhang H. , Fu Z. H. , Legut D. , Germann T. C. , Zhang R. F.
Published: December 2017

The stability of the stacked two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and their interlayered friction in different configurations are comparatively studied by means of density functional theory (DFT).
MOF derived mesoporous K-ZrO2 with enhanced basic catalytic performance for Knoevenagel condensations
Authors: Wang Peng , Feng Jian , Zhao Yupei , Gu Sai , Liu Jian
Published: December 2017

Mesoporous K-ZrO2 (KZ) was synthesized from KNO3-loaded UiO-66 with two-step heat treatment, showing enhanced catalytic performance in conversion of substrates with large molecular sizes.
Functional role of an unusual tyrosine residue in the electron transfer chain of a prokaryotic (6–4) photolyase
Authors: Holub Daniel , Ma Hongju , Krauß Norbert , Lamparter Tilman , Elstner Marcus , Gillet Natacha
Published: December 2017

FAD photoreduction mechanism by different aromatic residues in a phylogenetically ancient photolyase.
A novel restriction endonuclease GlaI for rapid and highly sensitive detection of DNA methylation coupled with isothermal exponential amplification reaction
Authors: Sun Yueying , Sun Yuanyuan , Tian Weimin , Liu Chenghui , Gao Kejian , Li Zhengping
Published: December 2017

An elegant GlaI–EXPAR strategy is proposed which allows accurate detection of site-specific DNA methylations with ultrahigh sensitivity and specificity.
Influence of additives in a PVDF-based solid polymer electrolyte on conductivity and Li-ion battery performance
Authors: Wang Furi , Li Libo , Yang Xueying , You Jun , Xu Yanping , Wang Heng , Ma Yue , Gao Guanxiong
Published: December 2017

The transformation of PVDF from α-phase to β-phase makes PVDF more polar and decreases the crystallinity of PVDF.
Is the Role of External Feedback in Auditory Skill Learning Age Dependent?
Authors: Zaltz Yael , Roth Daphne Ari-Even , Kishon-Rabin Liat
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of external feedback in auditory perceptual learning of school-age children as compared with that of adults.

Method

Forty-eight children (7–9 years of age) and 64 adults (20–35 years of age) conducted a training session using an auditory frequency discrimination (difference limen for frequency) task, with external feedback (EF) provided for half of them.

Results

Data supported the following findings: (a) Children learned the difference limen for frequency task only when EF was provided. (b) The ability of the children to benefit from EF was associated with better cognitive skills. (c) Adults showed significant learning whether EF was provided or not. (d) In children, within-session learning following training was dependent on the provision of feedback, whereas between-sessions learning occurred irrespective of feedback.

Conclusions

EF was found beneficial for auditory skill learning of 7–9-year-old children but not for young adults. The data support the supervised Hebbian model for auditory skill learning, suggesting combined bottom-up internal neural feedback controlled by top-down monitoring. In the case of immature executive functions, EF enhanced auditory skill learning. This study has implications for the design of training protocols in the auditory modality for different age groups, as well as for special populations.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl and Heteroaryl Difluoromethylated Phosphonates
Authors: Poisson Thomas , Ivanova Maria , Besset Tatiana , Pannecoucke Xavier
Published: December 2017

We report the palladium-catalyzed introduction of the di­fluoromethylposphonate unit onto aryl and heteroaryl iodides under mild conditions. Using the CuCF2PO(OEt)2 species generated in situ, the method allows the functionalization of various otherwise reluctant substrates. In addition, this reaction permits the formation of CF2PO(OEt)2-containing heterocycles, an important class of compounds. This process broadens the current toolbox of methods available to construct CF2PO(OEt)2-containing molecules.
Cyrene as a Bio-Based Solvent for the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling
Authors: Watson Allan , Wilson Kirsty , Murray Jane , Jamieson Craig
Published: December 2017

The Suzuki–Miyaura (SM) cross-coupling is the most broadly utilized Pd-catalyzed C–C bond-forming reaction in the chemical industry. A large proportion of SM couplings employ dipolar aprotic solvents; however, current sustainability initiatives and increasingly stringent regulations advocate the use of alternatives that exhibit more desirable properties. Here we describe the scope and utility of the bio-derived solvent Cyrene™ in SM cross-couplings and evaluate its suitability as a reaction medium for this benchmark transformation from discovery to gram scale.
Protecting-Group-Directed Regio- and Stereoselective Oxymercuration–Demercuration: Synthesis of Piperidine Alkaloids Containing 1,2- and 1,3-Amino Alcohol Units
Authors: Tilve Santosh , Bugde Sandesh , S.Volvoikar Prajesh
Published: December 2017

An efficient synthesis of naturally occurring 1,2- and 1,3-amino alcohol unit containing 2-substituted piperidine alkaloids and their analogues has been developed from l-pipecolinic acid. The protocol describes the regio- and stereoselective oxymercuration–demercuration of 2-alkenyl piperidines based on protecting groups to give piperidine alkaloids as a key step.
[3]Dendralenes: Synthesis, Reactivity Studies and Employment in Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Complex Polycyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Ghosh Sunil , Naidu Gonna , Singh Rekha
Published: December 2017

[3]Dendralenes are exquisite molecules as they exhibit enormous potential for the rapid generation of architecturally esoteric scaffolds when subjected to tandem Diels–Alder reactions, but their synthesis is a tall order. In conjunction with diversity-oriented synthesis, [3]dendralenes satisfy the potential demand for simultaneous and efficient synthesis of intricate collections of molecules that exhibit a range of activities for lead generation in drug discovery. This account chronicles our roller-coaster journey and systematic approach beginning from the synthesis of extremely unstable, non-isolable [3]dendralenes through moderately stable examples and then finally, highly functionalized, stable [3]dendralenes via sequential methylenation (using dimethylsulfonium methylide) and Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination. It also describes the study of the attributes affecting their stability and reactivity with various dienophiles. In addition, it reports on how these dendralenes, upon astute maneuvering, can be engaged in a diene-transmissive Diels–Alder (DTDA) sequence, thus harnessing their full potential by construction of a small but diverse library of complex frameworks in a quick and efficient manner, with step and atom economy.

1 Introduction

2 Literature Methods for [3]Dendralene Synthesis

3 Our Tryst with [3]Dendralenes

3.1 Serendipitous Olefination with the Corey–Chaykovsky Ylide

3.2 Synthesis of [3]Dendralenes and Reactivity/Stability Studies

3.3 Diels–Alder Reactions of [3]Dendralenes

3.4 Tuning of [3]Dendralenes for the DTDA Reactions

3.5 Diversity-Oriented Synthesis with [3]Dendralenes

3.6 Rationalization of Factors Governing the Stability and Reactivity of [3]Dendralenes

4 Conclusions
A Convenient Synthesis of Fused Tetrahydroazocines from Acenaphthylene-1,2-dione, Proline, and Acetylenic Esters
Authors: Yavari Issa , Baoosi Leila , Halvagar Mohammad
Published: December 2017

A synthesis of dialkyl (12E,14E)-7-oxo-10,11-dihydro-7H,9H-azocino[2,1-a]benzo[de]isoquinoline-13,14-dicarboxylates through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides, generated in situ from proline and acenaphthylene-1,2-dione, with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates is described. According to the X-ray diffraction data, the tetrahydroazocine ring has a rigid twist-boat form with approximate local C2
symmetry.
Petroclival Meningiomas: Factors Determining the Choice of Approach
Authors: Isolan Gustavo , Wayhs Sâmia , Lepski Guilherme , Dini Leandro , Lavinsky Joel
Published: December 2017

Objectives To review a surgical series of petroclival meningiomas and the factors considered in the choice of approach.

Design Retrospective review.

Setting The study was conducted in a university hospital in southern Brazil.

Participants Twenty-two patients with petroclival meningioma originating from the upper two-thirds of the clivus medial to the fifth cranial nerve.

Main Outcome Measures Gross-total resection, mortality, major morbidity, new cranial nerve deficits and tumor progression or recurrence.

Results Retrosigmoid approach was used in tumors <3 cm and in those at or below the internal auditory meatus. Posterior petrosectomy was performed for tumors extending into the middle fossa. Gross-total resection was performed in 11 patients (50%). The mean follow-up time was 32 months (6–75 months). There were four cases of tumor progression or recurrence, which were treated with radiosurgery.

Conclusions Resection of petroclival meningiomas remains challenging. In most cases, the retrosigmoid approach was sufficient, without affecting the degree of tumor resection. Petrosal approaches were reserved for patients with tumor extension into the middle fossa.
Chondrocyte Viability at Time of Transplantation for Osteochondral Allografts Preserved by the Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System versus Standard Tissue Bank Protocol
Authors: Stoker Aaron , Stannard James , Cook James
Published: December 2017

The Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System (MOPS) has been reported to effectively preserve osteochondral allografts (OCAs) twice as long as current tissue bank protocols in preclinical studies. However, viability of OCAs preserved using the MOPS protocol at the time of clinical implantation compared with the current standard of care (SOC) is not known. Viable chondrocyte density (VCD) at time of transplantation will be significantly higher in OCAs preserved using the MOPS protocol compared with OCAs preserved using the current tissue bank protocol and will significantly affect clinical complication rates. Femoral condyle OCAs were obtained from American Association of Tissue Banks accredited tissue banks for clinical use. The OCAs were stored using the current SOC protocol for each respective tissue bank (n = 26) or the MOPS protocol (n = 50). Nonimplanted femoral condyle OCA tissue normally discarded after surgery was collected and assessed for VCD within 1 hour after surgery. Control OCA samples (n = 34) were obtained from one tissue bank. VCD was determined using a validated cell viability assay. Patients (n = 76) had in-clinic follow-up at least 6 months after OCA transplantation. At the time of clinical implantation, mean storage time for OCAs in the SOC cohort was 20.4 days, and in the MOPS cohort was 44.2 days, after procurement. VCD in OCAs in the MOPS cohort was not significantly different from normal healthy cartilage VCD and 100% were above the desired minimum essential level 70% of control VCD at the time of transplantation. VCD in OCAs in the SOC cohort was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than controls and MOPS, and only 27% were above 70% of control VCD at the time of transplantation. MOPS preserves OCA chondrocyte viability at significantly higher levels than current tissue bank storage protocols for a longer period of time after procurement. All MOPS-preserved OCAs exceeded minimum essential VCD levels for up to 56 days after procurement.
Isolated Subscapularis Tendon Tear in a Skeletally Immature Soccer Player
Authors: Avanzi Paolo , Dei Giudici Luca , Giovarruscio Roberto , Gigante Antonio , Zorzi Claudio
Published: December 2017

Subscapularis injury in adolescents, usually associated to an avulsion fracture of the lesser humeral tuberosity, accounts for less than 2% of all fractures of the proximal humerus. Isolated tears of the subscapularis tendon without a history of dislocation and associated avulsion fractures are an even rarer occurrence, and treatment is controversial. This article describes a rare case of a 12-year-old suffering from an isolated subscapularis tear and discusses its management. The patient was evaluated at presentation, and at 1 to 2.5 months after he underwent a cuff tear arthroscopic repair with a single “all suture” anchor loaded with two wires, active/passive range of motion (A/PROM), Constant–Murley score, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score were noted. Patient reported an excellent outcome, recovered the whole ROM, was pain free, and returned to the previous level of activity. Isolated avulsion of the subscapularis tendon requires a high index of suspicion for a proper diagnosis as early treatment is required for a good recovery. Arthroscopy reserves more advantages in proper hands, restoring the previous levels of function and activity. An increase in attention for this condition is mandatory in a society where many adolescents are getting more and more active in high levels of sport activities.
Might miRNAs Be Related to Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1? A Short Review on Putative Viral miRNAs Encoded by HIV-1
Authors: Özdemir Mehmet , Uğur Ayşe
Published: December 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded small noncoding RNA molecules that are 22 to 25 nucleotides in length. They are implicated in the regulation of the immune response by modulating differentiation and proliferation of immune cells, production of cytokine types, and activation of the intracellular signaling pathways through posttranscriptional mechanisms. Although their actual functions are not yet fully understood, viral miRNAs are thought to help viruses to replicate and evade host immune response important in infectiousness. The determinants affecting the infectiousness of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and progression to the disease state vary according to several host and viral factors. Interestingly, mother-to-child transmission rates are as low as 5 to 15%, even when the mother is not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Higher HIV-1 viral loads, and recent maternal infection, are associated with higher transmission rates. Also, cellular tropism is a well-known phenomenon in HIV-1 pathogenesis. Further, cellular and viral miRNAs seem to be involved in the pathogenesis and infectiousness of HIV-1. The aim of this review is to outline the history of the discovery of HIV-1-viral miRNAs and the evidence for their role in pathogenesis.
Technische Orthopädie: Prothetik an der unteren Extremität am Beispiel der Oberschenkelamputation
Authors: Greitemann Bernhard
Published: December 2017

Die Prothesenversorgung an der unteren Extremität hat sich in den letzten Jahren geradezu explosionsartig verbessert und ermöglicht vielen Betroffenen eine Re-Integration in ein aktives privates, berufliches und soziales Leben. Moderne Schaftversionen und Prothesenpassteile, moderne Aufbaumesssysteme und Ganganalysen unterstützen dabei die optimale Konfiguration der Prothese, den Komfort, insbesondere den Sitzkomfort, aber auch viele Alltagsaktivitäten.
Chronische Erschöpfung und berufliche Belastung bei Patienten in der rheumatischen Rehabilitation
Authors: de Vries Ulrike , Krohn-Grimberghe Bernhard , Petermann Franz
Published: December 2017

Fragestellung Mehrfach wurde auf Zusammenhänge zwischen chronischer Erschöpfung und wahrgenommener beruflicher Belastung bei Patienten in der rheumatischen Rehabilitation hingewiesen. Dabei wurde die Erschöpfung meist anhand 1-dimensionaler Verfahren abgebildet. Es wird geklärt, ob eine multidimensionale Betrachtung der chronischen Erschöpfung (physisch und psychisch) differenzierte Aussagen zu Zusammenhängen und Verläufen wahrgenommener beruflicher Belastung erlauben.

Material und Methoden Im Rahmen eines Ein-Gruppen-Prä-Post-Designs mit 6- und 12-Monatskatamnese wurden Daten von n=138 (Durchschnittsalter 48,9 Jahre, 48% weiblich) Patienten einer rheumatologischen Rehabilitationsklinik mit entzündlichen oder degenerativen rheumatischen Erkrankung (ICD-10: M02–M79) und M79.7 Fibromyalgiesyndrom als Erst- oder Zweitdiagnose erhoben. Die chronische Erschöpfung wurde mit dem Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), wahrgenommene berufliche Belastung mit dem Fragebogen Arbeitsbezogenes Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster (AVEM) erhoben.

Ergebnisse Die Patienten wiesen im Vergleich zur gesunden Referenzstichprobe überdurchschnittliche Werte im MFI auf. Die Verausgabungsbereitschaft (AVEM) ist 6 und 12 Monate nach Reha-Ende unterdurchschnittlich ausgeprägt. Die Skalen Distanzierungsfähigkeit, Resignationstendenz, Offensive Problembewältigung, Innere Ruhe/Ausgeglichenheit, Lebenszufriedenheit sowie das Erleben sozialer Unterstützung liegen oberhalb der Normwerte. Im Verlauf des Beobachtungszeitraums zeigen sich mittel- und langfristige Verbesserungen/Steigerungen der AVEM-Werte im Sinne einer gesundheitsförderlichen Einstellung zu beruflichen Belastungen. Auf Skalenebene werden differenzierte Zusammenhänge zwischen Erschöpfung und beruflicher Belastung deutlich.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse belegen den Informationszuwachs aus mehrdimensionaler Erfassung der Erschöpfung und entsprechender Zusammenhänge zu beruflichen Belastungen. Dieser erlaubt Aussagen zur Optimierung der rheumatischen Rehabilitation.

Schlussfolgerung Patienten in der rheumatischen Rehabilitation weisen ein hohes Ausmaß an Erschöpfung auf. Hierbei zeigen sich spezifische Zusammenhänge zwischen körperlicher und psychischer Erschöpfung und wahrgenommener beruflicher Belastung, was auf einen besonderen Therapiebedarf hinweist. Zusätzlich sind bei Patienten in der rheumatischen Rehabilitation der Einsatz eines Screenings zur Erfassung der chronischen Erschöpfung und ein umfassendes Anamnesegespräch um diese Thematik sinnvoll. Empfehlenswert wäre darüber hinaus eine Intensivierung des Angebotes an kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Einzel- oder Gruppensitzungen zur Behandlung der Erschöpfung.
Neues zur Hirnstimulation bei chronischen Schmerzen
Authors: Antal Andrea , Paulus Walter , Rohde Veit
Published: December 2017

Chronischer Schmerz hat seine Warnfunktion verloren und ist mit einer Dysfunktion des sog. Schmerznetzwerks assoziiert. Eine ggf. konsekutive Applikation der Hirnstimulation zielt durch die Modulation neuronaler Aktivitäten auf eine Normalisierung dieses Netzwerkes ab. Die nicht invasive Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) oder repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) gelten in der Schmerzbehandlung als wirksam. Hierbei spielt die Stimulation des primären motorischen Kortex (M1) eine zentrale Rolle. Bei nicht ausreichender positiver Beeinflussung des Schmerzes durch tDCS und rTMS stehen invasive Verfahren wie Motorkortexstimulation (MCS) oder tiefe Hirnstimulation als Ultima Ratio zur Verfügung.
Psychische Belastung bei Patienten in der rheumatologischen Rehabilitation
Authors: de Vries Ulrike , Krohn-Grimberghe Bernhard , Petermann Franz
Published: December 2017

Hintergrund Psychische Belastungen wie Depression und Angst treten nicht nur bei psychisch oder psychosomatisch Erkrankten, sondern auch bei körperlichen Erkrankungen, wie etwa jenen aus dem rheumatologischen Formenkreis, auf und können hier den Krankheitsverlauf erschweren. Bislang wurden im rehabilitativen Setting psychische Belastungen der Patienten anhand kurz- und mittelfristiger Verläufe beschrieben. Forschungsergebnisse weisen jedoch auf einen Bedarf an langfristiger Erfassung und den Einsatz geprüfter Instrumente zur Ermittlung der psychischen Belastung hin.

Methode Im Rahmen eines Ein-Gruppen-Prä-Post-Designs mit 6- und 12-Monatskatamnese wurden Daten von n=138 (Durchschnittsalter 48,9 Jahre, 48% weiblich) Patienten einer Rehabilitationsklinik mit entzündlichen oder degenerativen rheumatischen Erkrankungen (ICD-10: M02–M79) und M79.7 Fibromyalgiesyndrom als Erst- oder Zweitdiagnose erhoben. Die psychische Belastung bzw. Angst und Depression wurde mit dem HSCL-25 ermittelt.

Ergebnisse Die meisten Patienten wiesen zu Reha-Beginn eine leichte bis deutliche, jedoch nicht klinisch relevante psychische Belastung auf, die sich im Verlauf der Rehabilitation nicht signifikant veränderte.

Schlussfolgerungen Unter präventiven sowie teilhabefördernden Gesichtspunkten sind eine frühzeitige Diagnostik komorbider psychischer Belastungen sowie eine entsprechende Berücksichtigung im Therapieangebot in der rheumatologischen Rehabilitation zu empfehlen.
Isolierte Radiuskopffraktur
Authors: Gühring Markus , Stöckle Ulrich , Ziegler Patrick
Published: December 2017

Der Radiuskopf nimmt für die funktionelle Anatomie von Ellenbogen und Unterarm eine zentrale Rolle ein. Er stellt neben den Seitenbändern und dem Processus coronoideus einen wichtigen Stabilisator des Ellenbogengelenks dar. Entsprechend der Bedeutung des Radiuskopfs für die Funktion des Ellenbogengelenks ist eine differenzierte Therapie der Radiuskopffraktur unabdingbar. In diesem Artikel sollen sowohl Diagnostik als auch Klassifikation der Radiuskopffraktur, Behandlungsalgorithmen und Techniken der Rekonstruktion in Abhängigkeit der Frakturmorphologie dargestellt werden.
Lymph node metastasis in early gastric adenocarcinoma in the United States of America
Authors: Pokala Sridevi , Zhang Chao , Chen Zhengjia , Gamboa Anthony , Cristofaro Sarah , Keilin Steven , Cai Qiang , Willingham Field
Published: December 2017

Background and study aims Localized approaches are being increasingly used in the management of early gastric adenocarcinoma; however, there are limited data on lymph node metastasis in the US population. This study examined the incidence and predictors of lymph node involvement for early-stage gastric adenocarcinomas in the USA.

Patients and methods Data were abstracted from the national SEER database from 2004 to 2013. Exclusion criteria included: cases with unknown tumor characteristics, unknown patient characteristics, metastatic disease, neoadjuvant radiation, and lack of surgical resection or lymph node evaluation. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the relationship of tumor stage, grade, and size, and patient sex, race, and age with nodal involvement.

Results 43 769 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were initially abstracted. After exclusions, 1577 patients remained for analysis. Multivariable analysis revealed that tumor stage (P < 0.001), grade (P = 0.008), and size (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of nodal metastasis. For low grade T1a tumors, nodal metastasis was present in 1.7 %, 1.7 %, 4.5 %, 4.1 %, and 20 % of tumors 0 – 1 cm, 1 – 2 cm, 2 – 3 cm, 3 – 4 cm, and ≥ 4 cm in size, respectively (P < 0.001), and in 8.4 %, 18.0 %, 19.5 %, 22.0 %, and 35.8 % of T1b tumors, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions Low grade T1a tumors < 4 cm in size have low rates of nodal metastasis in the US population and may warrant consideration for local resection. Larger, higher grade T1b tumors have high rates of nodal metastasis in the US population and lymph node dissection may be indicated for patients who are surgical candidates.
Correction: ‘Democracy’ in education: an omnipresent yet distanced ‘other’
Authors: Simpson Ashley , Dervin Fred
Published: December 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this article.
Optimal design of a Φ760 mm lightweight SiC mirror and the flexural mount for a space telescope
Authors: Li Zongxuan , Chen Xue , Wang Shaoju , Jin Guang
Published: December 2017

A flexural support technique for lightweighted Primary Mirror Assembly (PMA) of a space telescope is presented in this article. The proposed three-point flexural mount based on a cartwheel flexure can maintain the surface figure of the PMA in a horizontal optical testing layout. The on-orbit surface error of the PMA causes significant degradation in image quality. On-ground optical testing cannot determine the zero-gravity figure of the PMA due to surface distortion by gravity. We unveiled the crucial fact that through a delicate mounting structure design, the surface figure can remain constant precisely without inducing distinguishable astigmatism when PMA rotates with respect to the optical axis, and the figure can be considered as the zero-gravity surface figure on the orbit. A design case is described to show the lightweight design of a SiC mirror and the optimal flexural mounting. Topology optimization and integrated opto-mechanical analysis using the finite element method are utilized in the design process. The Primary Mirror and mounting structures were fabricated and assembled. After the PMA mirror surface was polished to λ/50 RMS, optical testing in different clocking configurations was performed, respectively, through rotating the PMA by multiple angles. Test results show that the surface figure remained invariant, indicating that gravity release on the orbit will not cause an additional surface error. Vibration tests including sweep sine and random vibration were also performed to validate the mechanical design. The requirements for the mounting technique in space were qualified.
A systematic and efficient method for modeling acoustic response of multilayered media
Authors: Feng Shi-Jin , Chen Zhang-Long , Chen Hong-Xin
Published: December 2017

A generalized transmission and reflection matrix (GTRM) method for determining the acoustic response of multilayered media is developed in this paper. The principle of the method is to decipher the wave vectors by constructing generalized T/R matrices and recursive formulas. The generalized T/R matrices are introduced to account for the contributions of multiple reflection and transmission in a global manner. Three types of interface T/R matrices are developed to accommodate the coupling between any type of physical medium. This method is not only stable for high-frequency and large thickness cases by excluding the growing terms but also explicitly exhibits the physical mechanism of wave propagation. Acoustic response in both frequency and time domains can be solved by the method. Moreover, the method has a simple framework, and it is easy to be implemented in numerical tools. The method is successfully validated by several typical acoustic problems, including poroelastic medium immersed in fluid, aluminum-glass-aluminum immersed in fluid, and poroelastic sediment sandwiched between water and bedrock. In fact, the present method can be extended to any physical problem of a multilayered structure. When the wave frequency is high or the layered media is greatly thick or the material combination is highly complex, the advantage of the GTRM method is more conspicuous.
Robustness of coupled oscillator networks with heterogeneous natural frequencies
Authors: Yuan Tianyu , Tanaka Gouhei
Published: December 2017

Robustness of coupled oscillator networks against local degradation of oscillators has been intensively studied in this decade. The oscillation behavior on the whole network is typically reduced with an increase in the fraction of degraded (inactive) oscillators. The critical fraction of inactive oscillators, at which a transition from an oscillatory to a quiescent state occurs, has been used as a measure for the network robustness. The larger (smaller) this measure is, the more robust (fragile) the oscillatory behavior on the network is. Most previous studies have used oscillators with identical natural frequencies, for which the oscillators are necessarily synchronized and thereby the analysis is simple. In contrast, we focus on the effect of heterogeneity in the natural frequencies on the network robustness. First, we analytically derive the robustness measure for the coupled oscillator models with heterogeneous natural frequencies under some conditions. Then, we show that increasing the heterogeneity in natural frequencies makes the network fragile. Moreover, we discuss the optimal parameter condition to maximize the network robustness.
Vector generation functions, q-spectral functions of hyperbolic geometry, and vertex operators for quantum affine algebras
Authors: Bytsenko A. A. , Chaichian M. , Luna R.
Published: December 2017

We investigate the concept of q-replicated argument in symmetric functions with its connection to spectral functions of hyperbolic geometry. This construction suffices for vector generation functions in the form of q-series and string theory. We hope that the mathematical side of the construction can be enriched by ideas coming from physics.
Fiber-coupled pillar array as a highly pure and stable single-photon source
Authors: Odashima S. , Sasakura H. , Nakajima H. , Kumano H.
Published: December 2017

A highly pure and stable single-photon source is prepared that comprises a well-designed pillar array, in which each pillar contains only a few InAs quantum dots. A nano-pillar in this array is in direct contact with a fiber end surface and cooled in a liquid-He bath. Auto-correlation measurements show that this source provides an average g(2)(0) value of 0.0174 in the measured excitation-power range. This photon source and fiber coupling are quite rigid against external disturbances such as cooling-heating cycles and vibration, with long-term stability.
Influence of thermal fluctuations on dynamics of charged particles in electromagnetic fields
Authors: Sametov E. A. , Timirkhanov R. A. , Vaulina O. S.
Published: December 2017

The numerical study of dynamics of the charged particles in the confined cloud located in a constant electromagnetic field is presented. Calculations are performed for ions with various masses in a wide range of system parameters. For the first time, an influence of thermal fluctuations of particles on their motion in an electromagnetic field is considered. Analytical estimations for the analysis of this effect are proposed.
Optimal quantum observables
Authors: Haapasalo Erkka , Pellonpää Juha-Pekka
Published: December 2017

Various forms of optimality for quantum observables described as normalized positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs) are studied in this paper. We give characterizations for observables that determine the values of the measured quantity with probabilistic certainty or a state of the system before or after the measurement. We investigate observables that are free from noise caused by classical post-processing, mixing, or pre-processing of quantum nature. Especially, a complete characterization of pre-processing and post-processing clean observables is given, and necessary and sufficient conditions are imposed on informationally complete POVMs within the set of pure states. We also discuss joint and sequential measurements of optimal quantum observables.
The mechanism of propulsion of a model microswimmer in a viscoelastic fluid next to a solid boundary
Authors: Ives Thomas R. , Morozov Alexander
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we study the swimming of a model organism, the so-called Taylor’s swimming sheet, in a viscoelastic fluid close to a solid boundary. This situation comprises natural habitats of many swimming microorganisms, and while previous investigations have considered the effects of both swimming next to a boundary and swimming in a viscoelastic fluid, seldom have both effects been considered simultaneously. We re-visit the small wave amplitude result obtained by Elfring and Lauga [“Theory of locomotion through complex fluids,” in Complex Fluids in Biological Systems, Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, edited by S. E. Spagnolie (Springer New York, New York, NY, 2015), pp. 283–317] and give a mechanistic explanation to the decoupling of the effects of viscoelasticity, which tend to slow the sheet, and the presence of the boundary, which tends to speed up the sheet. We also develop a numerical spectral method capable of finding the swimming speed of a waving sheet with an arbitrary amplitude and waveform. We use it to show that the decoupling mentioned earlier does not hold at finite wave amplitudes and that for some parameters the presence of a boundary can cause the viscoelastic effects to increase the swimming speed of microorganisms.