bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation Of The Effects Of Passive Smoking On Children's Health With Detection Of Urine Cotinine Levels
Authors: KAHVECİOĞLU Dilek , BOSTANCI İlknur , TASAR Medine Aysin , DİNDAR BADEM Nermin , BİLGE DALLAR Yıldız
Published: August 2019

Background:
Passive smoking exposure is an important public health problem that causes
pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia, asthma formation and exacerbation,
middle ear inflammation, tooth decay, growth retardation and development in
children.Objectives:
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate passive smokers objectively by cotinine
level in urine.Method:
Eighty children with at least one active smoker at home and 80 children who
were not active smoker at home were admitted to the Ankara Education and
Research Hospital . Parents were asked a questionnaire to the sociodemographic
characteristics of their children and their families, the habits of smoking and
the illnesses they had in a year. To assess passive smoking exposures, the
first urine of children was collected and the level of cotinine, the main
metabolite of nicotine in the urine, was measured using the solid phase competitive
chemiluminescence immunoassay method on the Immulite 2000 Analyzer. A cut-off
value of 10 ng / ml was obtained for diagnosis of passive smoking. Patients
with cotinine levels above this value were assessed as "exposed to passive
smoking".Results: In
passive smoking exposures, the number of illnesses and wheezing has increased
in the last year. The preterm birth and wheezing frequency of the smokers were
significantly higher in the pregnant women (p <0, 05). Median cotinine level
was found to be 10 ng / ml in the passive smoking group but median cotinine
level was found to be 20,8 ng / ml in the cigarette group (p <0,01). The
group with only mother smokers had significantly increased incidence of tooth
decay compared with other groups (p <0.05). No relationship was found
between birth weigth of infant and smoking behaviour during pregnancy (p=0,53),
however the frequency of prematurity was found to be higher  (p=0.03).The cotinine level of 68.7% of
patients in the passive smoking group and 25% of the control group was above
the threshold value of 10 ng / ml. The most sensitive and specific threshold
level of cotinine was found as 14.75 ng/ml.

Conclusions:
Our study showed that 25% of children who do not smoke at home are exposed to
passive smoking. This finding suggests that families are biased towards
reporting smoking cessation alongside their sick children and those children
are also exposed to cigarette smoke in out-of-home settings.
Hışıltılı Çocukların Genel Özellikleri
Authors: ULUSOY Ezgi , GÜVEN BİLGİN Raziye Burcu , BAL Cem Murat , TANAÇ Remziye , GULEN Figen , DEMİR Esen
Published: August 2019

Amaç: Tekrarlayan hışıltı okul öncesi
çocuklarda önemli bir klinik sorundur. Çocukların yaklaşık üçte biri 3 yaşından
önce en az bir hışıltı atağı geçirmektedir. Bu çalışmada departmanımızda
tekrarlayan hışıltı nedeniyle izlenen hastaların genel özelliklerinin
tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Alerji
polikliniğine yılda 3 veya daha fazla hışıltı yakınması ile başvuran 691 hasta retrospektif
olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların demografik, klinik ve laboratuvar
özellikleri anket formları doldurularak tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular: Tekrarlayan hışıltısı olan
215(%31) kız, 476(% 69) erkek,  691 hasta
retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Semptomlar hastaların %52,5’unda 0-1 yaş,
%76.4’ünde 0-3 yaşta, %9,9 hastada 6 yaşından sonra başlamıştı. Ataklar
sıklıkla kış mevsiminde(%54,4) olup, %19 oranında ataklar arasında semptom
mevcuttu. Hospitalizasyon  oranı %49
(ort. 1.19±0.86) olup, <1 yaşta en sıktı(%71). Ailede akrabalık, atopi ve
astım oranları sırasıyla % 11.2, %42,2 ve %22,4 olup  hastaların %54,8’i ailenin ilk çocuğuydu. Hastaların %3,9’unda
atopik dermatit , %17,9’unda alerjik rinit öyküsü vardı. Eozinofili %32,4,  IgE: 335±839 kU/L,  spIgE ile %40,8 aeroalerjen ,%30,6 gıda
alerjen duyarlılığı bulunmuştur. Hastaların %23,1’inde immun bozukluk
saptanmıştır. Deri prick testi(DPT) %31 hastada pozitif  olup, dermatofagoid(%46), ot polen(%51),
zeytin(%24), kedi(%23,7), alternaria(%13,8) en sık duyarlı olunan alerjenlerdi.Hastaların
%34.9’unda hışıltı ataklarının 6 yaşından önce gerilediği, %11,1’inde 3
yaşından sonra başladığı, %11.7’sinde ise 6 yaşından sonra başladığı görüldü.
Üç yaşından önce başlayan ve 6 yaşından sonra devam eden grubun ise bir
kısmının atopik olduğu bir kısmının ise non-atopik olduğu görüldü.

Sonuç: Yineleyen hışıltı, çoğunlukla
0-3 yaşta başlayan, %34.9 geçici, atopinin 
en önemli risk faktörü olduğu bir klinik sorundur.
LVSI pozitif ve grade 1-2 tümörü olan evre IA ve evre IB endometrial kanser hastalarının karşılaştırılması: 2016 yılında ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO tarafından tanımlanmış olan yüksek-orta risk grubunun analizi
Authors: ASLAN Koray , YALÇIN İbrahim , ŞAHİN Hanifi , MEYDANLI Mehmet Mutlu
Published: August 2019

Giriş: Endometrial kanserinde, nüks riski olan
hastaları belirlemek ve adjuvan tedavi kullanımına rehberlik etmek amacı ile
klinik-patolojik prognostik faktörler kullanılarak risk grupları
oluşturulmuştur. Güncel yayınlanan rehberde yeni bir risk grubu tanımlanmış
olup evre I endometrioid karsinom, grade 1-2 hastalık ve LVSI pozitif olan
olgular myometrial invazyon derinliğinden bağımsız olarak “orta-yüksek” riskli
olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu retrospektif çalışmanın amacı evre IA
yüksek-orta riskli endometrial kanserli kadınların prognozlarını evre IB
Yüksek-orta riskli endometrial kanserli kadınlarla karşılaştırmaktır.Metot: Retrospektif tek merkezli olarak planlanan
çalışmada, 2008-2018 tarihleri arasında endometrium kanseri tanısı ile primer
tedavi olarak cerrahi ile tedavi edilen tüm hastalar incelendi. Çalışmaya evre
I endometroid tip endometrium kanseri olup, LVSI pozitif ve grade 1-2 tümörü
olan toplam 46 olgu dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 17 olgu evre IA ve 29
olgu evre IB olmak üzere gruplandırıldı. Olgular için sağ kalım analizleri
Kaplan Meier metodu kullanılarak hesaplandı.   Bulgular: 5-yıllık DFS oranı evre
IA olgular için %94,1 ve evre IB olgular için % 82,3 (p=0.951),5- yıllık OS
oranı evre IA olgular için % 94,1 ve evre IB olgular için % 89 (p=0.811) olarak
belirlenmiştir. 

Sonuç: Evre IA, grade 1-2 ve LVSI
pozitif endometrial kanserli olgular ve Evre IB, grade 1-2 ve LVSI pozitif
endometrial kanserli olguların DFS ve OS oranlarının benzer olduğu görülmüştür.
Correlação do valgo dinâmico com lesões de joelho em corredores
Authors: Paiva Cassio Araújo , Silva Karlla Kelly Soares , Costa João Antonio Mesquita , Lima Riccardo Samuel Albano , Cunha Francisco Valmor Macedo
Published: August 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: Os corredores têm uma grande incidência de lesões em membros inferiores, sendo o joelho a articulação mais acometida. A mesma sofre influência direta do quadril e das articulações adjacentes. Fraqueza muscular de extensores, rotadores laterais e abdutores de quadril levam a uma alteração biomecânica chamada valgo dinâmico, que é um mecanismo compensatório, onde o centro da articulação do joelho se desloca medialmente. OBJETIVO: Esse estudo teve como objetivo correlacionar o valgo dinâmico com lesões, ângulo Q e nivelamento da pelve. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma Pesquisa de campo, descritiva, investigativa e quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de abril de 2019, na Federação de Atletismo do Piauí com 14 corredores homens, com idade acima de 18 anos. Para obtenção dos dados foi utilizado um questionário e o teste step down que foi submetido ao software para avaliação postural (SAPO) e um questionário. Os mesmos foram analisados quanto a sua normalidade de distribuição das amostras, pelo teste de Kolmogov-Sminorv, e teste de Pearson para analises de dados numéricos, foi tabulado no excel para posterior analise no GraphPad Prism 7.1. O nível de significância para análise estatística foi considerada como p< 0,05. O trabalho foi executado após aprovação no comitê de ética (CAAE: 11001219.5.0000.5193). RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos não mostraram correlação do valgo dinâmico com lesões, com ângulo Q (R2=-0.200) e com nivelamento da pelve (R2=0.253) e p>0,05. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo não foi encontrada correlação entre o valgo dinâmico, lesões de joelho, ângulo Q e nivelamento da pelve.
Avaliação dos sintomas osteomusculares em praticantes de handebol de uma faculdade
Authors: Braga Ebson Silva , Cunha Francisco Valmor Macedo
Published: August 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: Nos últimos anos está crescendo a quantidade de jovens atletas (jogadores de handebol). O handebol é uma modalidade esportiva de arremesso. Nele ocorre gesto rápido e complexo, dividido em fases diferentes como: progressão, armação do braço, passada, aceleração e desaceleração do braço. Portanto, o handebol é um esporte de alta intensidade composto por acelerações repetitivas que exige grande esforço das articulações, principalmente do ombro, onde os movimentos e posicionamentos podem gerar alto risco de lesões ligamentares, tendinosas e capsulares. OBJETIVO: avaliar a presença de sintomas osteomusculares desenvolvidos em praticantes de handebol. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo observacional no qual foi aplicado o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares em atletas de handebol da seleção de uma Faculdade Particular do Piauí a fim de avaliar as lesões mais prevalentes em jogadores de handebol. Foram incluídos os atletas com idade apartir de 18 anos, ativos e sem lesões no ato da pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva com base nas frequências absolutas e relativas das queixas aprsentadas. RESULTADOS: As regiões com maior prevalência de queixas foram joelhos 10 (50%) seguido de 9 (45%) ombros. As regiões cujas lesões impossibilitaram a realização das atividades desportivas mais frequentemente foram 4 (20%) nas regiões ombros, quadris, joelhos, tornozelo por entorses ou torções. Havendo uma maior procura por atendimento especializado nos últimos meses de 5 (25%) em joelho e tornozelo. CONCLUSÃO: As regiões com maior frequência de acometimentos em praticantes de handball foram ombro, joelho e tornozelo.
Aplicabilidade da mobilização precoce na prevenção de Trombose Venosa Profunda em ambiente hospitalar: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Viviani Alessandra Gasparello , Nunes da Silva Matheus Pereira , Gomes Andréa Oliver , Molina Carolina Araujo
Published: August 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: A Trombose Venosa consiste em um trombo que leva a obstrução ao fluxo sanguíneo. Desencadeada por lesão endotelial, estase sanguínea e/ou hipercoagulabilidade. Sendo que muitos dos fatores que levam ao desencadeamento destes quadros, são a imobilidade, paralisia e algumas doenças respiratórias. Portanto, a profilaxia da TVP é considerada uma intervenção eficaz e segura, mas por muitas vezes não é utilizada rotineiramente nos ambientes hospitalares. OBJETIVO: Verificar a utilização da mobilização precoce como profilaxia da trombose venosa profunda em ambientes hospitalares. MÉTODO: O estudo consiste em uma Revisão Sistemática realizada com buscas em periódicos, revistas e artigos entre o ano de 2005 a 2018 encontrados em bases de dados eletrônicos, sendo elas Pubmed, Scielo, PEDro, Lilacs, Cochrane, Medline, ResearchGate. Incluindo pacientes de ambos os gêneros com idade superior a 18 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidos para análise 26 artigos, dos quais 14 foram excluídos por não estarem de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Do total de 3005 pacientes, 1828 não receberam profilaxia fisioterapêutica e 1220 receberam. CONCLUSÃO: A mobilização precoce em ambientes hospitalares subutilizada e seus benefícios pouco conhecidos, aumentando o número de incidentes relacionados a TVP.
Desempenho físico e qualidade de vida de pacientes hipertensos em um programa de orientação educacional
Authors: Giachini Fábio Ferreira , Ikeda Erika Tiemi , Albuquerque Iana Verena Santana , Bortolotto Luiz Aparecido , Lopes Heno Ferreira , Feltrim Maria Ignez Zanetti
Published: August 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: Intervenções educacionais, que incluem aumento no nível de atividade física e controle da hipertensão arterial, podem ser estratégias eficazes e de baixo custo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa educacional no controle da pressão arterial (PA), desempenho físico e qualidade de vida (QV) de hipertensos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de intervenção, controlado, não randomizado, com adultos hipertensos, ambos os gêneros, acompanhados ambulatoriamente. O programa multiprofissional constituiu-se de 12 encontros com orientações sobre DCV e mudanças no estilo de vida. Aplicou-se o teste de caminhada dos seis minutos (TC6M), questionários QV Minnesota e Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e medidas de PA. Utilizou-se os testes t-Student pareado ou de Wilcoxon e ANOVA para medidas repetidas. RESULTADOS: Participaram 20 pacientes, 82% mulheres, 62±11 anos. Houve redução da pressão arterial sistólica (147,0 vs 126,0) e diastólica (85,0 vs 70,0), aumento na distância percorrida (458±83 vs 499±77 p<0,001), redução nos sintomas de fadiga (4±3 vs 2±3 p<0,001) e dispneia (4±2 vs 2±2 p<0,05) aos esforços e referência de maior nível de AF (sedentários 2 vs 0; irregularmente ativos 12 vs 5; ativos 8 vs 11; muito ativos 0 vs 4). Redução na pontuação de todos os domínios na QV foi significante: Físico (14,5±11,7 vs 8,9±9,9 p=0,004); Emocional (8,4±6,5 vs 5,3±6,6 p=0,004); Outros (9,5±8,5 vs 6,6 p<0,001); Total (32,5±25,5 vs 19,7±23,5 p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Programas educacionais, envolvendo aumento da atividade física, são eficazes no controle da PA, aumento no desempenho físico e melhora na QV de pacientes hipertensos.
“O-map/way method-taxa”: A sampling method for complete plant taxa inventories in large forests in the moderate/colline zone using orienteering maps or maps of a similar quality v1
Authors: Strauss André
Published: August 2019

“O-map/way method-taxa”: A sampling method for complete plant taxa inventories in large forests in the moderate/colline zone using orienteering maps or maps of a similar quality By André Strauss, August 29. 2019
Evaluating the classification performance on I-4I dataset. v1
Authors: Mukahar Nordiana , affendi rosdi bakhtiar
Published: August 2019

This protocol describes how to conduct experiment using the Gaussian I-4I dataset to validate developed algorithm.
The Concept of Justice in Civil Law
Authors: Konovalov A. V.
Published: August 2019

In the article the author concludes that: justice in civil law should be understood as an ethically justified aspiration of the participant of civil law relations while exercising his or her rights and performing the duties incumbent on him to take into account the interests of others and the public interest, to avoid the abuse of rights, to respect equality of participants of relations regulated under civil law and, if necessary, to undertake more duties and burdens than required by law. Also, the paper highlights that functional aspects of civil justice include, in particular, ensuring full implementation of civil legal personality, proper execution of obligations, protection of weaker participants in legal relations regulated under civil law, etc.
The Content of a Tactical Operation on Discovery and Investigation of Evidence by the Public Prosecutor in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Kislenko S. L.
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with the issues of forensic support of activities on discovery and investigation of evidence by the public Prosecutor in court. The study of these issues is based on a situational approach to modeling the evidence of the Prosecutor in court. The typical situations faced by the public Prosecutor in the process of proving his position in court are identified. The information component of the Prosecutor’s evidentiary activity in court is shown. The process of choice and application of the given subject of the criminalistic recommendations directed to the increase of efficiency of its evidentiary activity is reflected. Based on the algorithmic approach the standard structure of tactical operation on discovery and investigation of evidence by the public Prosecutor in court is offered.
Organized Begging: History, Concept and Features
Authors: Teokharov A. K.
Published: August 2019

This paper is one of the first studies on a relatively new type of criminal activity, namely organized begging.

Modern begging is no longer associated with deprivation, poverty, homelessness, starvation and unemployment. The results of the study suggest that now begging is one of the ways of parasitism on mercy and naivety (the number of real people in need of financial support is 5-10%, and in Moscow and St. Petersburg this figure is even lower and does not exceed 2-3 %). Under the leadership of organized criminal groups, begging has become a criminal industry.

The paper investigates the causes of organized begging. The author concludes that the condition of its occurrence was the decriminalization of systematic vagrancy or begging together with the abolition of administrative responsibility for these anti-social actions. The study is relevant because the modern legal literature lacks a single concept of begging as a type of illegal activity supervised by organized crime. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the most acceptable and reflecting the specifics of the considered anti-social phenomenon is the concept of «organized begging». For the first time in the Russian legal literature the definition of organized begging is given. According to the author, it is understood as a negative social phenomenon, which is an organized criminal activity aimed at making a profit from begging by others.

The features of organized begging are defined: 1) organized nature of activity; 2) the use of voluntary forced labor; 3) the commission of crimes against the freedom, honor and dignity of the individual; 4) pronounced ethnic or related nature of the formation; 5) obtaining super profits; 6) corruption of state bodies.
Information Technologies in Legislative Activity
Authors: Lipen S. V.
Published: August 2019

The Russian Federation has not adopted a law on normative legal acts, in a number of CIS countries similar laws have been in force for almost two decades, and the legal regulation of these relations is constantly being improved. This experience may well be taken into account in domestic studies, including those aimed at scientific support of legislative activity. The last quarter of the century is characterized by digitalization and informatization of the legal system, laws on normative legal acts of the CIS countries can serve as quite good indicators of these processes. They clearly demonstrate the current trends of recording the information capabilities of the Internet, information and reference systems under the law, the use of other computer technologies in legislative process. In a number of countries, there is an experience of active use of electronic document circulation in carrying out examinations, in forecasting the consequences of regulatory legal acts adoption when approving and directing them into a law-making body. The publication of draft normative legal acts on Internet sites and their public discussion using Internet resources is becoming an almost mandatory element of publicity of lawmaking activities. The comparative legal characteristics of the legislation of the CIS countries may well be in demand in the development and discussion of the draft Russian law on normative legal acts.
La industria 4.0. Análisis y estudio desde el Derecho en la 4ta Revolución Industrial
Authors: Antúnez Sánchez Alcides
Published: August 2019

Los estudios históricos necesitan de hitos temporales, pero en la medida que se profundizan estos hitos, siempre convencionales, aparecen como eslabones de un proceso evolutivo que de un cambio brusco. El papel de la ciencia y la tecnología en la 4ta Revolución Industrial, han profundizado las prácticas científicas y técnicas de la época y valorado los avances técnicos como los basados en el conocimiento científico, sin dejar de lado las ciencias surgidas al amparo del desarrollo técnico. El desarrollo tecnológico no puede ser depredador del ambiente. La Industria 4.0, en el siglo XXI basada en el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Informática y las Comunicaciones, se aceleran las innovaciones basadas en la robotización, la inteligencia artificial, la interconexión digital, la industria conectada, donde las barreras entre el mundo físico y el digital son difusas, da lugar a un nuevo modelo económico que tiene efectos en todas las actividades.
TECNOLOGÍAS CONSTITUCIONALES: (Breves) meditaciones sobre el “Poder disciplinar”
Authors: Lascarro Castellar Carlos
Published: August 2019

Las siguientes páginas intentan explorar una aproximación al concepto de “tecnologías constitucionales”. Este es entendido, como aquel intento que se elabora desde discursos constitucionales, para crear perfiles de subjetividad estatalmente coordinados mediante la disciplina, en este caso escrituraria. Intentaremos mostrar, qué tipo de subjetividad(es) definían las constituciones en el siglo XIX, y cómo respondían a imperativos propios de los procesos de modernización.
The challenges and actual questions of the agriculture in Yemen
Authors: Al-sabai Abdulghani , Neszmélyi György Iván
Published: August 2019

Agriculture employs more Yemenis than any other sector and spate irrigation is the largest source of irrigation water. Spate irrigation however is growing increasingly difficult to sustain in many areas due to water scarcity and unclear sharing of water amongst users. Mostly due to high population growth, misguided agricultural development and the growth of qat, a lack of law enforcement to regulate water use, and a vulnerable climate to climate change, the crisis may soon reach catastrophic levels. The agriculture uses 93% of the potable water, and does not actively encourage sustainable water saving techniques. Qat (Catha edulis; recreational drug) cultivation uses 40% of the potable water. The water crisis could be mitigated by reducing qat production.
The role of universities in educational development in connection with digitalization and entrepreneurship in Hungary
Authors: Molnár Mária
Published: August 2019

Universities can promote the development of entrepreneurial skills and innovation including digital technologies and startup courses. The startups are the drivers of digital development in technological innovation and ICT (OECD 2017). The study attempts to discover that which cooperations are among universities, research institutions and enterprises in Hungary. It is important to examine that what steps have been taken to increase digital and entrepreneurial skills. I made expert interviews, and I carried out a national questionnaire survey involving university students. 62.8 % of students said that there are entrepreneurship courses. In the future 58 students would participate in online entrepreneurship courses. 31.4 % of students consider entrepreneurship education very important (on a scale of 1-10). 32.6 % of the students think that their digital competences are moderate, which would be necessary to launch a startup enterprise. I felt important to talk with teachers to give a more accurate picture about practical trainings for innovation, digital and entrepreneurial skills at the selected universities. According to the interviews making with teachers, the practical tasks are the important parts of entrepreneurial, startup courses everywhere. Students can work in teams on different project ideas.
A Lean koncepció szerepe egy középvállalat mindennapjaiban
Authors: Kozma Tímea , Balogh Antal , Lajos Attila
Published: August 2019

A logisztika területe kiemelten fontos mind a napi működés során, mind pedig a jövőre vonatkozó tervek megvalósításában. A megfelelő logisztikai folyamatok és döntések nagymértékben meghatározzák a vállalatok sikeres működését, eredményességét, profit termelő képességét és a költségek alakulását. A tanulmány célja feltárni azokat a lehetőségeket, amelyek útmutatást biztosíthatnak kihívásokkal küzdő vállalkozásoknak, segíteni tudják a hatékony működést.
Synthesis of Polysulfone Based Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers by a ‘Grafting to’ Approach
Authors: CİFTCİ Mustafa
Published: August 2019

Synthesis
of amphiphilic polysulfone graft copolymers by ‘‘Click’’ chemistry is
described.  First, a commercial PSU was
chloromethylated to give chloro-funtional PSU (PSU-Cl). Subsequently, chloride
groups were converted into azide moieties by nucleophilic substitution.
Hydrophilic poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) side chains were then attached
via a “grafting to” approach by using copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne
cycloaddition (CuAAC). Precursor polymer and the final amphiphilic copolymers were characterized by 1H
NMR, FT-IR, GPC and contact angle measurements.
The Porphyry Column in Constantinople and Тhe Relics of the True Cross
Authors: Bralewski Sławomir , Gucio Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

The complicated fates of the Porphyry Column of emperor Constantine resemble the reach and difficult history of Constantinople, the New Rome and capital of the eastern Empire from its very beginnings. Perceived by the Constantinopolitans as both Christian and pagan monument, adorned with legends repeated and enriched by generations, it was always a landmark of the city. The article summarizes, compares and analyzes the accounts of Byzantine historians, showing continuity of tradition and the lasting role of the unique object in the very heart of political centre of the imperial capital.
The First Witnesses. Martha, Longinus and Veronica in the Slavic Manuscript Tradition (Initial Observations)
Authors: Skowronek Małgorzata , Majer Marek
Published: August 2019

The epithet ‘first witnesses’, conferred on the three saints in the title, is but a conventional designation; it seems fitting as common for the figures of saints, who gave proof of their devotion to Christ. Otherwise, although they make no simultaneous appearance in any of the canonical texts, there are – interestingly – far more interconnections between the three characters in pseudo-canonical and legendary literature than could be surmised from the lack thereof in the Bible. The aim of the paper is to present a literary picture of three New Testament heroes, as commemorated in different literary texts representing diverse cultural registers, even from the Ancient Christian Times until the close of the Middle Ages. Among them there are short and extended lives and passions of saints, liturgical poetry, as well as specific, more popular texts, such as ‘tales’ and legends. The material under discussion largely includes texts that form a part of the Slavic Orthodox tradition, depicting them on the background of fairly wellknown works belonging to the Western Christian tradition. It turns out that the legends are inspired by the canonical text on the one hand, while on the other hand they themselves infiltrate official texts – they become officially sanctioned as soon as their popularity is taken over and adopted by liturgical practice. It should be borne in mind that those legends – part of which is known both in the Eastern and in the Western Christianity – confirm one further crucial characteristic of texts constituting the canonical and pseudo-canonical tradition: the commonness of themes and motifs which can without exaggeration be called ‘wandering’. They determine the fact that there is hardly any originality in the formation of the characters of patron saints; moreover, on the level of creating the notion of sainthood and its reception, there seem to be far more common points than differences between both of the Early Christian traditions – the East and the West. The paper is an attempt to point out how the Christian tradition exemplifies various manifestations of holiness, what means it has for annotating, elucidating and embellishing the Biblical hypertext, and how it adapts pseudo-canonical legends for the purposes of liturgical use.
A Lost Byzantine Chronicle in Slavic Translation
Authors: Totomanova Anna Maria
Published: August 2019

Until recently the so-called Slavic version of the Chronicle of George Synkellos has not been paid proper attention. The attribution of Vasilij Istrin who in the beginning of the 20th c identified the Slavic text as a translation from an abridged redaction of the Byzantine chronicle, was thoroughly accepted by the Slavic studies researchers. As a result, no great importance was attached to the Slavic text preserved in 5 copies from 15-16 cc (of which Istrin knew only 4) because of the closed tradition of the copies and their relatively late date. My research linked to the publication of this unedited Slavic chronicle led me to the conclusion that the text referred to as the Slavic version of Synkellos by both Istrin and his successors is not a translation of the Greek Synkellos but rather a chronographic compilation. It was demonstrated that the first part of the compilation narrating the years from the Creation up to the Resurrection of Christ represents a vast excerpt from the Julius Africanus’s Christian chronography and only the second part covering the years after the Resurrection up to the foundation of Constantinople contains the respective text of Synkellos plus a couple of pages from the Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor that was not translated in OCS. Both the discovery of a non fragmented text of Africanus and the conclusion that the Slavic translation was done during the 1st Bulgarian Kingdom in 10th c raise a series of problems my contribution touches upon.
Tsar Samuel Against Emperor Basil II: Why Did Bulgaria Loose the Battle With the Byzantine Empire at the Beginning of the 11th century
Authors: Ivanov Ivelin
Published: August 2019

At the beginning of the 11th century, after decades of almost incessant wars with the Byzantine Empire, the Bulgarian state lost its political independence. In many research works on the period in question there is emphasis put on the stabilization of the Empire at the end of the 10th and the beginning of the 11th century as a major factor or a reason for the loss of our political independence for a century and a half. Naturally, the internal political state of affairs in the Bulgarian Tsardom and the decline of its military power resulting from the loss of independence also made it easier for Emperor Basil II to put pressure on the Balkans. This article deals with the issue of the reasons for the decline in the Bulgarian military power at the end of the 10th and the beginning of the 11th century, the changes in the military stratagems observed in the wars of tsar Samuel and his successors to the throne. Why did Samuel avoid pitched battles? Why do the sources speak mostly about lightly-equipped Bulgarian armies? Why did the Bulgarians of the time take over fortresses after prolonged sieges and mainly through starvation and military stratagems? The present article attempts to give an answer to these questions, based on the written sources of the period and the works of historians.
Imprisonment of Tax Non-Payers – an Abuse of Power or a Measure of Legal Discipline?
Authors: Kubiak Przemysław
Published: August 2019

In the field of taxation there existed many casuistic crimes of Roman criminal law, committed both by tax payers and tax collectors, but non-payment of taxes was not one of them. As a rule taxpayers risked confiscation of property by avoiding the fulfillment of their obligation. There exists some historical evidence, however, which suggests the possibility of imprisonment of taxpayers. Was it possible to inflict criminal punishments in such cases? Legal texts give some reflections to the contrary– Roman emperors prohibited the use of imprisonment in non-criminal matters. The number of these prohibitions indicates, that there were many situations of this kind. It seems that especially in the provinces the governors abused their power and used illegal measures, such as tortures, whipping and imprisonment, to force citizens to pay taxes.
A “Divine Sanction” on the Revolt: The Cult of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica and the Uprising of Peter and Asen (1185–1186)
Authors: Dobyčina Anastasia
Published: August 2019

The paper examines the role of the cult of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica as a tool of maintaining legitimacy of the anti-Byzantine revolt in Tărnovo, 1185–1186, led by brothers Theodore-Peter and Asen-Belgun, which is viewed in the modern scholarship as a starting point of the history of the so-called Second Bulgarian Empire. Apart from the peculiarities of the official and popular veneration of St. Demetrius in Byzantium by the end of the 12th C., the main emphasis is made on the celebration, arranged in Tărnovo on St. Demetrius’ day, 1185, by Peter and Asen. The fact of the construction there of a special house of prayer in the name of the all-praised martyr Demetrius (Nicetas Choniates) and the presence of a certain icon of the saint as well as, probably, that of his relic, shedding the holy ointment, can be interpreted in terms of the concept of “hierotopy”, introduced recently by A. Lidov. At any rate, one can speak of attempting to replicate in Tărnovo the sacred space of the Thessalonican shrine of St. Demetrius in order to convince the Bulgarian rebels of the “true” presence of St. Demetrius among them. The parallel is drawn between the celebration in Tărnovo and another well-known “hierotopic project” of the late 12th cent., performed by prince Vsevolod III in Vladimir-on-Kljaz’ma, Russia, which also encompassed the construction of the church in the name of St. Demetrius, where his miracle- working relics from Thessalonica were housed. The similarity between the two “projects“ is obvious, but they must have been inspired by clearly different causes: if Vsevolod III tried only to raise the authority of his power to that of the grand princedom, being an absolutely legitimate ruler, then Peter and Asen had to justify the legitimacy of their own, questioning that of the Byzantine Empire.
St. Symeon the New Theologian and Western Dissident Movements
Authors: Hamilton Bernard , Hamilton Janet
Published: August 2019

The trial at Orleans in 1022 of a group of aristocratic clergy, who included the confessor of Queen Constance of France, and their followers on the charge of heresy is the most fully reported among the group of heresy trials which were conducted in the Western Church during the first half of the eleventh century. Although the alleged heretics of Orleans are usually considered a part of a wider pattern of Western religious dissent, the charges brought against them differ considerably from those levelled against the other groups brought to trial in that period. The heterodox beliefs with which the canons of Orleans were charged bear a strong resemblance to the teachings of the Byzantine abbot, St. Symeon the New Theologian, who died in 1022. St. Symeon taught that it was possible for a Christian to experience the vision of God in this life if he or she received ascetic guidance from a spiritual director, who need not be a priest. In the late tenth and early eleventh centuries a significant number of Orthodox monks visited northern Europe, including Orleans, and some of them settled there. It is therefore possible that the Canons of Orleans who were put on trial had been trained in the tradition of St. Symeon by one of those Orthodox monks who were familiar with it. St. Symeon was part of the Hesychast tradition in the Byzantine Church. Even so, his emphasis on the supremacy of personal religious experience at the expense of the corporate worship of the institutional Church was strongly criticised by some of his contemporaries. A study of his writings shows that he was, in fact, completely Orthodox in faith and practice and that these criticisms were ill-judged. Nevertheless, if, as we have suggested, the Canons of Orleans had tried to live in accordance with his teachings, the hostile reactions of the Western hierarchy would be comprehensible. For there was no tradition of Hesychasm in the spirituality of the Western Church, and the fact that the dissidents at Orleans saw little value in observing the rituals of the established Church would have alarmed conventional churchmen.
Digital Presentation of Bulgarian Lexical Heritage. Towards an Electronic Historical Dictionary
Authors: Totomanova Anna Maria
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of the project “ICT Tools for Historical Linguistic Studies”, funded by the European Social Fund, OP Human Resources. The main project goal was to elaborate electronic tools for creating a Historical Dictionary of Diachronic Type that should present the history of the Bulgarian words from their first written occurrence until today. By the end of the project the team (Faculty of Slavic Studies at Sofia University, Institute for Bulgarian Language, BAS and PAM Publishing Company, Sofia) had at their disposal a set of Old Bulgarian Unicode fonts, meant for publishing medieval texts and a convertor that converts non-Unicode documents into the new standard. The convertor allowed the participants to create in a relatively short time a Diachronic text corpus of Bulgarian medieval texts, containing already more than 90 texts dated from the 10th to the 18th century. The corpus software enables editing the texts and turned out to be an excellent tool for preparing electronic editions of the Old Bulgarian (OCS) manuscripts. In addition to the corpus an electronic dictionary of Old Bulgarian is available, which contains the digitized version of Старобългарски речник, produced by IBL. Both tools are accessible on the project website at the address histdict.uni-sofia.bg. The Standard of the Historical Dictionary took shape during the project course and respective software for elaborating new dictionary entries was designed and tested. The article also displays screenshots that demonstrate the functionalities of both the corpus and dictionary software.
La quatrième croisade et ses conséquences pour la Bulgarie médiévale: le tzar Kaloyan, les Latins et les Grecs (1204–1207)
Authors: Gjuzelev Vassil
Published: August 2019

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"Eparchikon biblion" V, 2: Is Thalassai the Same as Byssos?
Authors: Jaroszyński Adam , Kotłowska Anna
Published: August 2019

The article examines a kind of fabric described as ‘θάλασσαι’ in The Book of the Prefect (Τὸ ἐπαρχικὸν βιβλίον). The meaning of this term by both editors and commentators of the document has not been satisfactorily explained so far. It appears highly probable, however, that ‘θάλασσαι’, because of the ‘marine’ origin of the word, can be associated with a textile from byssos – the socalled sea silk, made from fibres produced by a mollusc pinna nobilis. The presence of this fabric in numerous ancient sources is indicated, incl. works of Aristophanes, Cicero, Herodotus and Plutarch. Diocletian’s Edict on Maximum Prices, where the price of ‘marine wool’ is at the very high level is also investigated.
Palamas and Florensky: The Metaphysics of the Heart in Patristic and Russian Philosophical Tradition
Authors: Kroczak Justyna
Published: August 2019

Тhis paper focuses on the philosophical issue known as the metaphysics of the heart within Orthodox Christianity – both Russian and Byzantie versions. Russian religious thought is based on patristic tradition. Influences and connections can be seen in Florensky’s philosophy of All-Unity. This Russian philosopher was highly inspired by Gregory Palamas, fourteenth-century Eastern Church. These two Orthodox thinkers, mainly their metaphysics of heart are objects of interests.
Remarks on the "Letter of the Patriarch Theophylact to Tsar Peter" in the Context of Certain Byzantine and Slavic Anti-heretic Texts
Authors: Minczew Georgi , Majer Marek
Published: August 2019

The Letter of patriarch Theophylact to tsar Peter is the oldest, but seemingly not the most informative Greek source for the history of Bogomilism. It is in essence a standard document, a typical product of the patriarch’s chancery; it is not conceived as an in-depth investigation into the theological minutiae pertaining to the cosmogony, dogmas and social doctrines of the heretics and the orthodox Church, but rather as a practical tutorial on how to thwart any given neo-Manichaean dualist heresy. It brings to light the fact that Bogomilism, the ‘new’ heresy was treated as an ‘old’ one – as a ‘reactivation’ of earlier gnostic-dualist and neo-Manichaean movements. The letter also features a peculiar innovative feature, though not one directly related to the Bogomil heresy itself: the degree of commitment to preaching the dogmas of the heresy is used for differentiating the situation of the followers. The analysis of the Letter of patriarch Theophylact to tsar Peter raises the more general issue concerning the detailed study of Byzantine and Slavic liturgical texts as a source of information on neo-Manichaean doctrines.
Characterization of Green Gram Genotypes for Qualitative Traits
Authors: Sowmya T , Durga K Kanaka , Venkateshwaran Kamala , Keshavulu K , . Vidyasagar
Published: August 2019

Seventy-three accessions of green gram collected from different sources along with three controls were studied for 20 qualitative characters at National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Regional Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India during 2014–2015. Based on the plant growth pattern, green gram accessions were classified into determinate (10) and indeterminate (66). Based on pod color, the accessions were classified into brown (12) and black (64) colored pods. On the basis of seed luster, green gram accessions were grouped into dull (43) and shiny (33). Based on seed shape, green gram accessions exhibited diversity for seed shape, i.e., oval (43) and drum (33). Among the distinct morphological traits, seed luster may be used as an indicator in broad classification of genotypes into different groups rather than of individual genotype.
Effect of Dietary Administration of Mineral Mixture Containing Amino Acid Tryptophan and Vitamins for Growth Performance and immunity of Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Bhatnagar Anita , Saluja Sonal
Published: August 2019

The commenced investigation was conducted to assess the implication of tryptophan in diets of Catla catla. The fingerlings were fed with two different diets C1 and C2; in diet C1, mineral mixture (A) without L-tryptophan and in diet C2 mineral mixture (B) containing L-tryptophan, in addition to vitamins was used. After 90 days of the feeding trial, high growth performance, nutrition retention, and better immunity were observed in fingerlings fed on diet B signifying that tryptophan influences the growth performance and immune response. Excretion of metabolites (total ammonia excretion and orthophosphate production) was significantly low in the holding water when C. catla fingerlings fed on diet C2. Better growth performance and better water quality in treatment C2 may be attributed to the presence of essential vitamins and amino acid tryptophan. Hence, the incorporation of a mineral mixture containing L-tryptophan and vitamins in the fish diet appears to be significant for better growth, nutrition retention, digestibility and immunity.
Health benefits of bioactive compounds from cocoa (Theobroma cacao)
Authors: E Shahanas , Panjikkaran Seeja T , L Sharon C , R Remya P
Published: August 2019

Cocoa is regarded as a super food due to its high nutrient content and proven health benefits. Cocoa beans are rich in carbohydrate (31%), protein (11%), fat (54%), fibre (16%) and minerals. Cocoa is a good source of bioactive compounds too. The major bioactive components are polyphenols constituted of flavanoids and non flavanoids. The bioactive components with rich antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities contribute to various health benefits. The flavonoid rich chocolates improve peripheral vascular function. The consumption of cocoa or chocolate are beneficial in inhibiting the complex molecular process leading to cancer. Flavanoids in cocoa increases insulin sensitivity by improving endothelial function and reducing oxidative stress. The cocoa flavonoids also penetrate and accumulate in the brain regions involved in learning and memory. The knowledge on bioactive compounds in cocoa and cocoa products suggests that they could be consumed as a part of wholesome, health promoting nutritional food.
Reed Bed System: An Option for Reclamation of Polluted Water Resources: A Review
Authors: K Sathyapriya , Chinnusamy C
Published: August 2019

At present, India is facing the worst water shortage in its history. According to a report by Niti Aayog, about 600 peoples are suffering with high to extreme water shortage and also states that around 200,000 lives of Indians are losing every year owing to the contamination of water or inadequate water supply. Here comes, the need for the safeguard of water resources in our country. But the fact is that Indian rivers are polluting at an alarming rate of 80% due to untreated wastewater flowing into water bodies have almost doubled in recent years. To reduce the contamination level of water resources, wastewater treatment will play a predominant role. Conventional wastewater treatment technique, i.e., activated sludge, were used to reduce the concentration of the pollutants in sewage water. However, there are still some confines especially that they operate at a higher cost. The objective of this review paper is to elaborate on how the reed bed system can act as a better alternative technology to conventional system for wastewater treatment.
Evaluation of different herbicides against weeds in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Verma Lata , Kushwaha H. S.
Published: August 2019

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 at Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) to study the efficacy of different herbicides against weeds in mungbean. The weed density recorded at 30 and 60 DAS was significantly lower under pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 EC (Ready mix) 0.75 kg/ha as pre-emergence (PE) followed by pendimethalin PE. However, significantly lower weed dry weight and statistically superior weed control efficiency were noted in twice hand weeding at 20 DAS and 40 DAS and pendimethalin + imazethapyr (R.mix.) 0.75 kg/ha at same stages of crop (30 and 60 DAS). While, yield attributes viz. pods/plant (21.8) was significantly higher in plot treated with imazethapyr 10 SL @ 40g/ha applied at 20 DAS and statistically at par with imazamox 35 WG+ imazethapyr 35 WG 60g/ha applied at 20 DAS and clodinafop - propargyl 8% + aciflourfen - sodium 16.5% (WP) 187.5 kg/ha applied at 20 DAS. Application of clodinafop - propargyl 8% + aciflourfen - sodium 16.5% (WP) 187.5 kg/ha at 20 DAS produced significantly maximum seed yield (531 kg/ha) of mungbean closely followed by imazethapyr 10 SL @ 40g/ha at (528 kg/ha) and pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 EC (R.mix) 0.75 kg/ha (521 kg/ha). However, stover yield (2699 kg/ha), gross returns (`58464/ha) and net returns (`43163/ha) were obtained significantly superior under clodinafop - propargyl 8% + aciflourfen - sodium 16.5% (WP) 187.5 g/ha.