bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCE AND DIFFICULTIES OF FAMILY NURSES IN THE PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT
Authors: Arrais Kamilla Rocha , Araujo Filho Augusto Cezar Antunes de , Silva Andréa Pereira da , Pacheco Edildete Sene , Silva Államy Danilo Moura e , Rodrigues Alessandra dos Santos de Araújo , Silva Maiara Soares Gomes da , Arrais Kellícia Rocha , Bezerra Sandra Marina Gonçalves
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To investigate the preventive assessment of the foot in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) performed by nurses from the Family Health Strategy. Method: A descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in Basic Health Units in the urban area of Floriano, state of Piauí, Brazil, with ten nurses from the Family Health Strategy. Data were obtained through remote interviews using a semi-structured script. For data analysis, the content analysis technique proposed by Deslandes et al. was used. Results: From this, the categories “Nurses’ actions in the prevention of diabetic foot” and “Factors that interfere in the preventive assessment of the feet” emerged. The preventive assessment of the feet in diabetic patients is partial, superficial and fragmented. Conclusion: It is necessary to train professionals for the development of preventive assessment of the diabetic foot, as well as the provision of necessary resources for this purpose.
The influence of seed oats and flax meal in the diet of Yakut horses in winter on metabolic and energy indicators
Authors: Pak M.N. , Ivanov R.V. , Osipov V.G. , Alferov I.V. , Kozlova L.G.
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of pasture on the growth of natural and seeded herbage and the feeding of flax meal on metabolic and energy indicators in horses of the Yakut breed in winter. It was found that the seeds of the sown herbage (winter-green mass of oats) were distinguished by a high content of nutrients and energy-intensive substances. Significant differences were found for dry matter 63.7 ± 0.13% and for protein - 9.0 ± 0.14% (P³ 0.95). The content of carotene in the winter-green mass of oats is 104.6% higher than in the natural herbage (28.4 ± 0.76%) and amounted to 133.0 ± 0.44% (P ³0.999). At the same time, the largest amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified. Thus, the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oatmeal of the sown herbage (winter-green mass of oats) was 40.7%, which was 25.06% higher than the amount of fatty acids of the natural herbage (15.65 ± 0.18%). The high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the winter-green mass of oats contributed to a higher digestion of dry (66.5%) and organic (66.1%) matter, crude protein (70.6%), crude fiber (65.4%), crude fat (51.5%) and nitrogen-free active substances (66.7%) than with horse breeding on from the loss of natural herbage and, accordingly, higher use of exchange energy per 1 head per day (145.4 ± 3.32 MJ) and per 100 kg of live weight (36.53 ± 2.48 MJ). The inclusion of flax meal in the winter diet of horses had a positive effect on the digestibility of feed in the horse's body, in addition, it positively affected the indicators of energy metabolism. Significantly high digestibility coefficients in horses of the experimental group were noted for crude protein - by 3.34% (70.85 ± 0.19%) (P ³0.99), for crude fat - by 14.3% (68.59 ± 0.64%) and for nitrogen-free active substances - by 3.09% (77.71 ± 1.13%) (P³0.999). The high digestibility of the main nutrients led to a high content of metabolic energy in 1 kg of dry matter when flaxseed cake was included in the diet (10.1 MJ) than in the hay-oat diet (9.5 MJ), (P³0.95). The results obtained by us indicate the need for widespread use of seeded herbage during pasture and the inclusion of linseed meal as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids in winter for horses of the Yakut breed.
Characterization of potential drug interactions with antimicrobials in a pediatric intensive care unit, Western Amazon
Authors: JUCÁ Francimar L. , BRILHANTE Andreia F. , MELCHIOR Leonardo K. , PINHEIRO Sammuel C. , BRAGA Suyane G.
Published: December 2022

Objective: Characterize the occurrence of potential drug interactions (PDIs) involving antimicrobials in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Acre state, Western Amazon. Methods: The cross-sectional study analyzed 246 prescriptions from patients up to 11 years old, made in the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Consultations about PDIs were made using Truven Health Analytics Micromedex® Solutions 2.0. classifying according to severity. Results: In the 246 prescriptions analyzed, 28 types of antimicrobials were found, the most prescribed were: ceftriaxone 32.7% (n = 123) and ampicillin 9.3% (n = 35). When analyzing in Micromedex® the information about all the drugs prescribed in this sample, it was obtained in 56% (n = 139) of the prescriptions, 435 PDIs of 64 different types, already described in the literature involving only antimicrobials and antimicrobials with other groups of drugs. Among antimicrobials, ampicillin 28% (n = 26) and gentamicin 23.7% (n = 22) were the most often related to PDIs and in 54.7% (n = 238), the severity of these PDIs it was moderate. Conclusion: We conclude that the PDIs found in the PICU, although well documented, are of serious concern due to their potential effects. The results presented stimulate actions that can guarantee greater safety for hospitalized pediatric patients.
Analysing the competitive environment for developing a website for an educational organisational system
Authors: Androsov Kirill , Kuz'menko Aleksandr
Published: December 2022

The Internet and websites are invaluable sources of information shared throughout the world. Naturally, various types of website structures can create vastly different user experiences. There are several types and subcategories of structures, this article will focus on the features of building the structure of educational websites. Structuring a website is critical to both administration and visitors’ usability. Many sites lack a thoughtful structure to direct visitors to the information they are interested in. In addition to the above, developing a well-thought-out site structure contributes to its better indexing and ranking in Yandex and Google search engines (PS), which is extremely important for search engine optimisation (SEO).
Cognitive visualization of organising students’ research activities
Authors: Rybakov Anatoly , Evdokimov Sergey , Krasnov Andrey , Shurpo Alexander
Published: December 2022

The educational process in Russia is more and more focused on attracting young researchers-students to the scientific work. This increases the requirements for skills in organising research activities of students and especially undergraduates. The material provides a visual model for representing knowledge how to organize and conduct scientific research. This visual model is designed to help students and undergraduates independently prepare and carry out scientific research in the training course in the conditions of digital transformation of activities and automated support systems for information solutions.
El cine como interfaz: del celuloide a las plataformas de streaming
Authors: Grueso Pascual Paula
Published: December 2022

Cada año las salas de cine pierden un porcentaje más elevado de espectadores, a la par que las plataformas de contenido en streaming incrementan exponencialmente sus suscriptores, una cifra que creció hasta en un 26% en el año 2020. Valiéndonos de la reciente teoría de la interfaz de Carlos A. Scolari, responderemos a cuestiones tales como si estos dos fenómenos están relacionados o si la pérdida de espectadores del cine se puede revertir a través del rediseño de esta plataforma discursiva como interfaz. Para ello, hemos realizado un estudio comparativo en el que se identifican las diez leyes de la interfaz de Scolari en el cine clásico y contemporáneo y en las plataformas de streaming, verificando estas leyes a partir de teorías cinematográficas bien arraigadas. De acuerdo a los resultados, se ha constatado la hipótesis de partida sugerida: el cine es una interfaz en crisis y que el streaming es un rediseño de otra plataforma discursiva en crisis, como es la televisión.
La interfaz-museo y su relación con el arte outsider
Authors: Roberto Rodríguez John
Published: December 2022

Partiendo del concepto de arte outsider, este artículo desarrolla algunas de las ideas sobre la interfaz-museo propuestas por Scolari en su libro Las leyes de la interfaz. Después de definir muy brevemente en qué consiste el arte outsider, el presente artículo describe parte de los complejos procesos que la interfaz-museo ha puesto en marcha para integrar el arte outsider en la dinámica cultural sin que ello implique una pérdida de valor o estatus del arte académico. Concretamente, el artículo se centra en analizar los procesos que afectan al espacio donde se exhiben las obras de arte y al lenguaje que se usa para describirlas. De una parte, nos referiremos a la creación de los museos «singulares» o anti-museos como espacios alternativos para exhibir el arte outsider. De otra parte, comentaremos la función que cumple el lenguaje en la conceptualización del arte outsider como un tipo de arte subordinado al mainstream.
Deep Learning-Based Segmentation and Classification Techniques for Brain Tumor MRI: A Review
Authors: Ghadi Noor Mohammed , Salman Nassir H.
Published: December 2022

Early detection of brain tumors is critical for enhancing treatment options and extending patient survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning gives more detailed information, such as greater contrast and clarity than any other scanning method. Manually dividing brain tumors from many MRI images collected in clinical practice for cancer diagnosis is a tough and time-consuming task. Tumors and MRI scans of the brain can be discovered using algorithms and machine learning technologies, making the process easier for doctors because MRI images can appear healthy when the person may have a tumor or be malignant. Recently, deep learning techniques based on deep convolutional neural networks have been used to analyze medical images with favorable results. It can help save lives faster and rectify some medical errors. In this study, we look at the most up-to-date methodologies for medical image analytics that use convolutional neural networks on MRI images. There are several approaches to diagnosing and classifying brain cancers. Inside the brain, irregular cells grow so that a brain tumor appears. The size of the tumor and the part of the brain affected impact the symptoms.
The challenges of democracy on multi-ethnic and multi-religious African states; a study of Nigeria
Authors: Ibori Musa , Tayo Olufade George
Published: December 2022

This paper is on challenges of democracy on multi-ethnic and multi-religious African states; a study of Nigeria. The emergence of globalization has thrown up democracy as one of the best system of government. African states and their leaders continuous to see states in Africa not with democracy as an outcast due to the advantages that democracy suppose to bring, but in Nigeria, democracy tend to be bedeviled by several Lacunas. The paper adopted the Elite Theory as basis for explanation and relied on the secondary method of data collection as it methodology, although democracy was suppose to provide development, close the gap of ethnicity and religion in Nigeria but it has not due to the lacuna associated with democracy in Nigeria. It is base on these lacuna that the paper by recommendation suggest that the Nigerian Constitution should be amended to deal with those grey area that make democracy through participation a burden to the ordinary man as democracy should really be seen as government of the majority, as popular candidate does not need to buy peoples conscience to emerge a leader and Nigeria democracy should be designed to be DEVELOPMENTAL oriented. It is only when Nigeria’s Democracy is patterned along provision of development that the dividend of democracy can be accessible to Nigerians because democracy was suppose to provide succour and not pains.
An assessment of poverty reduction policy: implication of the N-Power Programme in Nigeria
Authors: Umearoukwu Uche , Ilias Aliyu Ozovehe
Published: December 2022

This study is on An Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Policy; Implication of the    N-Power Programme Nigeria. The N-Power Programme is a social intervention programme that captures the youth between the ages of 18 to 35 years. The Federal Government of Nigeria under President Muhammadu Buhari knows the negative effect of poverty and thus decided through his N-Power Scheme to minimize or deal with poverty using the youth empowerment programme which is popularly known as the N-Power. This study adopted Social Contract Theory as bases for analysis and discussion. It relied on secondary method of data collection where textbooks, journals, papers, newspapers and the internet provided the source of information. There is no doubt that the N-Power has been able to cushion the effect of poverty among the youths because the N-Power Programme captured both graduate and non-graduate applicants, however, as good as the Programme in alleviating poverty, there are challenges associated with it and it is based on this challenges that the presenters by way of suggestions to deal with the challenges recommended that government should improve on the funding of N-Power to accommodate more Nigerians, because mere limiting the beneficiaries to youths of the age of 18 to 35 years is not good for social contract especially considering the fact that poverty has no age limit as it cut across etc.
Estudio anatómico de los conductos pancreáticos y papilas duodenales.
Authors: Ignatov Galan María F. , Pose Veirano Santiago , Zahariev Marrero Alexander M.
Published: December 2022

Resumen:

Objetivos: Los conductos pancreáticos y las papilas duodenales presentan localización y morfología variable. Esta variabilidad debe ser conocida al realizar procedimientos endoscópicos, quirúrgicos o radiológicos que los involucren; procedimientos necesarios en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de ciertas patologías biliodigestivas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la anatomía de estas estructuras, registrar posibles variantes y llevar a cabo una revisión de la literatura.

Material y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, en el que se disecaron 40 bloques duodeno-pancreáticos de cadáveres adultos de ambos sexos conservados en solución a base de formaldehído. Se registró la frecuencia de presentación, localización y morfología de ambas papilas duodenales, la prevalencia de los conductos pancreáticos principal y accesorio y el sitio de unión entre ambos conductos. Estos hallazgos se compararon con la literatura clásica y reciente.

Resultados obtenidos: La frecuencia relativa porcentual de las papilas duodenales mayor y menor fue del 100% y 87.5% respectivamente. La primera se localizó predominantemente en la segunda porción del duodeno, en su tercio medio y en el sector posteromedial (82.5%); mientras que la papila menor se encontró fundamentalmente en el tercio superior de la segunda porción duodenal, sector anteromedial (80%). Los conductos pancreáticos principal y accesorio se encontraron en el 97.5% y el 87.5% de los casos, respectivamente. Se encontró unión entre los conductos pancreáticos en el 54.3%.

Conclusiones: Existió predominancia en la anatomía clásica de las estructuras estudiadas.
Kedudukan Hukum Khusus dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang di Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Arsil Fitra , Ayuni Qurrata
Published: December 2022

In general, the Constitutional Court has the view that political parties that have seats in the DPR and/or members of the DPR already have legislative space and do not have the legal standing to review laws. However, there are a number of exceptions in many cases where political parties and members of the DPR are considered to have a special position even though they are also discussing the passed laws. This paper discusses the jurisprudential pattern of the Constitutional Court in granting special legal status to political parties and members of the DPR. Using the case approach method in collaboration with the comparison method this paper seeks to map the potential for testing with specific constitutional rights. The findings in this paper reinforce the concept that although the results of law formation in the legislature and legal review in the judiciary are equally binding for citizens, the process of law formation and legal review has a different character and these differences are beneficial within the framework of checks and balances.
Isu Hak Konstitusional Masyarakat Desa Terhadap Kewenangan Pengawasan Pemilihan Kepala Desa
Authors: Arief Supriyadi , Gobel Rahmat Teguh Santoso
Published: December 2022

The election of village heads (Pilkades) is the representation of democracy at the village level. Nevertheless, the supervision mechanism by the district/city level election committee (PPK) becomes problematic when the authority also coincides with the authority to operate. It is important to know the legal construction regarding the supervision of village head elections and the model of village head election supervision in the future. These will be analyzed normatively using a statutory approach, case approach, and concept approach. The results of this study show that Pilkades is an important process to actualize the Constitutional rights of communities, democracy and village autonomy. However, the regulations governing the pilkades are not in line with democratic values and the principle of free and fair election because of the unification of the authority to operate and supervise simultaneously at the Village Head Election Committee formed by the regional Head. Therefore, improvements to the supervision of the Pilkades in the future can be carried out with three models, namely: involving district/city Bawaslu, forming district/city Pilakdes Supervisors, direct supervision by district/city Bawaslu.
Optimization Modeling of Urban Freight Transportation Network by Using a Metaheuristic Approach, Genetic Local Search Procedure
Authors: Suraharta I Made , Suartika I Made , Sjafruddin Ade , Frazila Russ Bona
Published: December 2022

Creating a transportation network that reduces the cost of urban freight is highly challenging. Freight route is determined by the amount of congestion generated by the vehicle type. Furthermore, it must compete with other users to locate the optimal path for their traffic on the city's restricted road network infrastructure system. Freight network routing begins with identifying and determining the optimum route. The freight network is optimized by introducing a heavy traffic restriction mechanism in metropolitan areas, and an attempt is made to propose a set of routes as a set of freight traffic modes. The primary goal of freight routing in this research is making a freight network model optimization to find a set of freight routing by optimizing (efficiency) trip prices due to limited road infrastructure and the difficulties of constructing road infrastructure in metropolitan areas. Therefore, selecting a group of routes as the journey of the commodities is a realistic alternative to minimizing costs. The problem of route selection is one of combinatorial optimization. The challenge is to narrow the pool of action options to a set of recommended actions. Due to vehicle characteristics and traffic flow, route selection carefully considers vehicle behavior. A two-level mathematical model that was created by formulating route options served as the framework for the research. The combination of chosen routes is maximized using a genetic algorithm such as a Genetic Local Search. The model is examined via its application to a fictitious network. The result converges to the target value of 246,311.9 IDR. It shows that the model satisfies the convergence condition of producing in 0.76 seconds. As a result, a model with a genetic local search technique that can search more effectively in the city's freight network's ideal path is created. The GLS combinatorial optimization model shows us it could find the best set of urban freight networks with the best performance. This is consistent with Yamada et al. GLS methods perform well in solving combinatorial problems.
Evaluation of the treatment of traumatic coxofemoral luxations in dogs using toggle pin technique
Authors: Karslı Birkan , Kumandaş Ali , Bakıcı Merve
Published: December 2022

This study was performed on 11 dogs diagnosed with traumatic coxofemoral luxation. The direction of the luxations, the operation details, postoperative complications, and radiographic evaluation were recorded during the study. The study utilized the toggle pin technique, which provided open-reduction techniques for the treatment of coxofemoral luxations. Polyester multifilament braided sutures with commercial toggle pins were employed in three cases, whereas toggle pins obtained from Kirschner wire and monofilament nylon suture material were performed in eight patients. Clinical and radiographic monitoring of postoperative lameness, complications, pain, and infection were assessed and recorded for comparison. Postoperative reluxation was observed in two cases in which multifilament braided polyester suture material was performed without other complications. In the cases without reluxation, it was noted that the animals used their limbs comfortably on the 1st postoperative day, and their lameness scores were 0 on the 7th postoperative day. As a result of the findings, the toggle pin technique using monofilament nylon suture could effectively treat coxofemoral luxations in dogs.
On Nonlinear Periodic Problems with Caputo's Exponential Fractional Derivative
Authors: CHOHRİ Mohamed , BOURİAH Soufyane , ABDELKRİM Salim , BENCHOHRA Mouﬀak
Published: December 2022

In this article, we employ Mawhin's theory of degree of coincidence to provide an existence result for a class of problems involving non-linear implicit fractional differential equations with the exponentially fractional derivative of Caputo. Two examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability of our results.
INSTRUMEN KEBIJAKAN MONETER ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zahra Sufiani
Published: December 2022

GWM rata-rata merupakan salah satu instrumen kebijakan moneter yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas pengelolaan likuiditas oleh perbankan, mendorong fungsi intermediasi perbankan, dan mendukung upaya pendalaman pasar keuangan. Berbagai sasaran ini akan meningkatkan efektivitas transmisi kebijakan moneter dalam menjaga stabilitas perekonomian. Sistem GWM yang sebelumnya bersifat fixed (tetap), yang berarti bahwa pemenuhan seluruh kewajiban giro wajib minimum primer harus dilakukan setiap akhir hari, diubah menjadi pemenuhan sebagian giro wajib minimum primer secara rata-rata pada akhir periode tertentu.
Designing With Biobased Composites: Understanding Digital Material Perception Through Semiotic Attributes
Authors: Thundathil Manu , Nazmi Ali Reza , Shahri Bahareh , Emerson Nick , Müssig Jörg , Huber Tim
Published: December 2022

Biobased composites, which are considered a sustainable alternative to plastics, are yet to create a significant influence on product design and manufacturing. A key reason for this is perceptual handicaps associated with biobased composites and this study was aimed at understanding the mechanisms behind biocomposite perception. This study demonstrated that material perception depends on the visual characteristics of the material. Data analysis of the perceptual attributes of the materials pointed towards clear ‘clustering’ of the materials against these attributes. Analysis shows that visual features like fibres and surface appearance may impact aesthetic and functional evaluation and there is no effect of age, gender or polymer type. We also propose a reference framework to categorise biobased composites based on visual order.
Signal, Error, or Bias? Exploring the Uses of Scores from Observation Systems
Authors: White Mark , Klette Kirsti
Published: December 2022

Scores from observational measures of teaching have recently been put to many uses within school systems, including communicating a standard of practice and providing teacher feedback, identifying teachers for professional development, monitoring system equity, and making employment decisions. In each of these uses, observation scores are interpreted as representing some aspect of the enacted instruction or teachers’ capacity to enact instruction, as seen through the observation systems lens for understanding teaching quality. The validity of these interpretations, or the extent to which observation scores are composed of a signal that accurately reflects the interpretation, has important implications for the overall validity of these uses of observation systems. Starting from an explicit conceptualization of instruction, this paper combines generalizability theory and hierarchical linear modelling approaches to decompose observation scores to explore the extent to which scores from observation systems are composed of signal, error, and bias across four different uses of scores. We show that the level of signal, error, and bias in scores depends more on what scores are interpreted as representing (i.e., the proposed use) than on the rubric being scored. Further, we show that errors and biases introduced by raters are a major threat to any attempt to interpret observation scores as capturing the understanding of teaching quality embedded in the observation system. We discuss implications for using scores from observation systems.
Meanings Attached to Companion Animals by Russian-Speaking Young Women with Anorexia
Authors: Mikhaylova Oxana
Published: December 2022

This article examines the meanings that young women with anorexia associate with their companion animals. The data on this topic were gathered using semi-structured biographical interviews and the concentric circles method. The sample included 50 women aged 14 to 25 living in Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Ukraine. Findings suggest that companion animals as members of personal networks were referred to in five ways: as providers of needed emotional support, as targets of care that help to find the reason to be alive, as triggers of depression and other mental health problems, neutrally, or as family members who are both in need of care and capable of providing it. The author proposes that while developing animal-assisted mental health programs for young women with anorexia, it is important to consider both the emotional support companion animals provide and the possible detrimental impact of animal loss on their mental health.
INSTRUMEN KEBIJAKAN MONETER ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: farida Puspa
Published: December 2022

Kebijakan moneter dalam Islam berbijak pada prinsip-prinsip dasar ekonomi Islam sebagai berikut; Kekuasaan tertinggi adalah milik Allah جل جلاله dan Allah-lah pemilik yang absolutManusia merupakan pemimpin (kholifah) di bumi, tetapi bukan pemilik yang sebenarnya. Semua yang dimiliki dan didapatkan oleh manusia adalah karena seizin Allah, dan oleh karena itu saudara-saudaranya yang kurang beruntung memiliki hak atas sebagian kekayaan yang dimiliki saudara-saudaranya yang lebih beruntung. Kekayaan tidak boleh ditumpuk terus atau ditimbun. Kekayaan harus diputar. Menghilangkan jurang perbedaaan antara individu dalam perekonomian, dapat menghapus konflik antar golongan. Menetapkan kewajiban yang sifatnya wajib dan sukarela bagi semua individu, termasuk bagi anggota masyarakat yang miskin.Dalam aspek teknis, kebijakan moneter Islam harus bebas dari unsur riba dan bunga bak. Dalam Islam, riba – termasuk di dalamnya bunga bank – diharamkan secara tegas. Dengan adannya pengharaman ini maka bunga bank yang dalam ekonomi kapitalis menjadi instrument utama manajemen moneter menjadi tidak berlaku lagi. Menejement moneter dalam Islam didasarkan pada prinsip bagi hasil.
Jeopardies in Human Security and Politicization of COVID-19
Authors: Pachankis Yang I.
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic started from the timing of Sino-America Trade War status quo in the supposedly transitional economy of PRC after the constitutional change of the latter. The international political economy with territorial monopoly reached an oligarchic equilibrium before the tragic events. The post-positive research reviews the psychological impacts from the Red Terror post hoc to the biological harms in public health and environmental harms from proliferation. The research synthesizes the environmental factors contributing to the public health dilemmas in mainland China, and the administrative barriers to the fulfillment of ethical standards faced by the professionals. With informed consent, some of the psychological cases’ conversations have been deidentified for disclosure, for the alleviation of the medical ethical dilemmas. The research concludes that the quarantine measurements in mainland China are criminal conducts integral to the immunity defenses. Omicron variant may be the opportunity for herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2. On a regional basis, further research into nuclear proliferation and environmental determinants is the only way to improve public health.
Time, Age, Gender and Cultural Measurement Invariance of the (CASP)-12, a Measure of Psychological Quality of Life in Adulthood
Authors: Bonneville-Roussy Arielle
Published: December 2022

Purpose : Whereas Quality of Life in older populations has long been conceptualized in regards to health or illness, the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure scale (CASP-12) focuses on the positive facets of aging. Although the CASP is a widely used scale, its measurement invariance has seldom been examined. The present study aims to ascertain the measurement invariance of the CASP-12 over a period of 10 years and between age, culture and gender. Methods : Secondary data analyses were conducted on the longitudinal data collected in 2006-2007 (i.e., T-1) and 2016-2017 (i.e., T-2) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe study (SHARE) . The factorial validity of the CASP-12 was examined and its measurement invariance was tested with a sample of 3565 men and 4785 women aged 30-99 years, coming from 10 different European countries, who were assessed twice, ten years apart. Results : Results showed a strong theoretical and empirical dimensionality of the CASP-12 , a well as partial scalar invariance of time (10 years), age and culture. It was also found that the scale is gender invariant at the scalar level. Conclusion : This study replicates the CASP-12 dimensional structure, factorial structure and factor loadings. The scale has demonstrated to be a reliable and valid measure of the positive aspects of quality of life to be used across time, age, gender and culture in adulthood and old age.
Laboratory validation of a new hydro-mechanical energy-based brittleness index model for hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Feng Runhua , Sarout Joel , Dautriat Jeremie , Ghuwainima Yousef , Rezaee Reza , Sarmadivaleh Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Brittleness Index (BI) is a critical parameter characterising the deformation regime of geo-materials, covering the range from purely brittle (fractures) to ductile (plastic flow). A variety of BI models have been developed based on rock properties such as mineralogy, elastic parameters, or stress-strain data. However, very few of them are based on the deformation induced by hydro-mechanical interactions emerging in a wide range of underground engineering applications. In this study, we develop a BI model based on the partitioning of the injection energy EI into non-seismic deformation energy Ed associated with hydraulic fracture propagation. To calculate the Ed, we apply a model for temporal fracturing area (Ad) within the penny-shaped fracture; we also correlate the wellbore pressure and the three-dimensional strain induced by hydraulic fracturing of the different types of rock samples subjected to true triaxial stress conditions (TTSC), either σv = 6.5 MPa, σH = 3 MPa, σh = 1.5 MPa or σv = 15 MPa, σH = 10 MPa, σh = 5 MPa for all tests. As a comparison, the BI is also quantified based on the existing models: (i) acoustic measurement from Rickman et al (2008), and (ii) the Mohr-Coulomb’s criteria from Papanastasiou et al (2016). The non-seismic deformation energy Ed ranges between 32.4% and 90.6% of the total injection energy EI, which is slightly higher than reported from field-scale data (15% to 80%), and is comparable to other laboratory-derived data (18% to 94%). The results show that the predictions based on our newly proposed hydro-mechanical energy-based BI model are qualitatively consistent with Papanastasiou et al.’s, but less so with Rickman et al.’s. Our BI model is shown to be stress-dependent and capable of capturing the brittle-to-ductile behaviour within a wide range of rheological samples subjected to hydraulic fracturing. This study demonstrates that our BI model opens a new way for quantifying the brittleness index regarding to realistic propagation scenarios, showing its superior robustness for such underground applications.
Constraining flow and sediment transport intermittency in the geological past
Authors: Lyster Sinead , Whittaker Alexander , Farnsworth Alex , Hampson Gary
Published: December 2022

Quantitative investigations of ancient rivers usually provide insights into either instantaneous or mean flow conditions. There is a critical gap between these timescales of investigation which reflects the intermittency of flow and sediment transport, and closing this gap is crucial to fully explore the dynamics and evolution of ancient fluvial landscapes. Here, we combine fluvial stratigraphic datasets, flow and sediment transport models, and paleoclimate general circulation model (GCM) results to develop new methods to estimate intermittency in the geological past, specifically flow intermittency factors (Iw) and sediment transport intermittency factors (Is). We illustrate these methods for the Upper Cretaceous Last Chance Ferron Sandstone, Utah, USA. For sand-transporting flow conditions in Last Chance Ferron rivers, we estimate Iw values of 0.54−0.90, which imply that channel-forming flows were sustained for the majority of the year, consistent with perennial systems in which relatively large discharges are sustained. In contrast, for gravel-transporting flow conditions, Iw values of 0.28−0.38 suggest that the largest formative flows may have occupied Last Chance Ferron rivers for nearly a third of the year, which could be explained by a monsoonal system in which high magnitude discharge events are sustained, or a subtropical system in which high magnitude discharge events have short durations but high frequencies. Meanwhile, Is values of 0.075−0.15 suggest that annual sediment budgets could have been transported in as little as 10 days, but up to 2 months, if channel-forming conditions were sustained, and highlight that small changes to the duration of channel-forming conditions could significantly impact sediment budgets. These results are consistent with independent facies- and proxy-based insights into Last Chance Ferron rivers, which point to a perennially wet system characterized by a monsoonal or subtropical discharge regime. Our results highlight new opportunities to use paleoclimate GCMs to constrain intermittency in the geological past. Going forward, paleoclimate GCMs will be particularly useful where the rock record is incomplete or inaccessible, or where stratigraphic approaches are limited, and will enable us to tackle pertinent research questions pertaining to past surface processes on both Earth and other planets.
Breaking script: Deviations and post-event information in adult memory for a repeated event
Authors: MacLean Carla Lindsay , Coburn Patricia I
Published: December 2022

Witnesses to industrial incidents may be asked to recall a single instance of a familiar event. This research systematically tested if deviations to what typically occurs and post-event information (PEI) enhanced reporting of an instance of a repeated event. Across two experiments, each participant experienced 5 food-tasting instances; these instances comprised the repeated event. Half of the participants in both Experiment 1 (continuous deviation setting) and 2 (continuous deviation integrated) experienced a deviation to how the third instance occurred. Also, half of the participants in both experiments received PEI about the third instance. All participants demonstrated superior reporting for the first instance of the repeated event. The continuous deviation setting in Experiment 1 enhanced reporting for all 5 instances of the repeated event (general effect). In Experiment 2, participants who received a continuous deviation integrated and PEI demonstrated superior reporting for the first and third instances of the event (targeted effect).
Evidence against effects on the Affect Misattribution Procedure being unaware: AMP effects involve construct-irrelevant individual differences
Authors: Hussey Ian , Cummins Jamie
Published: December 2022

Effects on the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) have been claimed to be implicit in the sense of being unaware but the evidence for this remains to be weak. Recently, Kurdi et al. (2022) provided a new method of testing this: they argue the absence of a construct-irrelevant individual difference factor would represent supportive evidence for the AMP effect being unaware (Kurdi et al. account), whereas the presence of a construct-irrelevant individual difference factor would represent evidence against the unaware account. They test for this by correlating AMP effects between multiple domains, where a non-zero correlation would support the latter position. They found the average correlation to be near zero, and therefore concluded that this supports the AMP effect being unaware. Here, we highlight a critical flaw in their analysis: they inappropriately correlated native AMP effects rather than the absolute AMP effects (i.e., the propensity to show an AMP effect agnostic to which category was preferred). Reanalysis of their data using absolute AMP effects demonstrated positive correlations (ICC2 = .26) which should not be present according to Kurdi et al.’s (2022) account. We replicated and extended this effect in a larger second dataset, showing that the effect is replicable and that these problematic correlations are larger for the AMP than five other common implicit measures. Based on the line of reasoning of Kurdi et al. (2022), we therefore found evidence against the AMP effect being unaware. Finally, the observed heterogeneity in tendency to demonstrate AMP effects implies the task is measurement non-invariant between participants. This brings into question whether the AMP is a valid measure of evaluations.
The effect of pubertal status on self-regulation of behavior and executive functions – a systematic review
Authors: França Thiago Fonseca Alves , Segura Isis Angelica , Dias Natália Martins , Miranda Monica , Pompeia Sabine
Published: December 2022

Behavioral self-regulation (SR) refers to a set of abilities that enable flexible, adaptive, and goal-directed behavior. This includes the abilities known as hot and cool executive functions (EF), like controlled attention, behavioral inhibition, and emotional regulation. Such abilities mature during adolescence, a period marked by developmental brain changes due to learning/experience as individuals grow older, and by changes in sex hormone levels due to puberty, which influence brain maturation and can affect cognition. However, it is unclear to what extent the maturation of SR/EF is determined by adolescents’ stage of pubertal development – that is, their pubertal status – irrespective of their age. To clarify this issue, we performed a systematic review of the literature. We found 124 studies about the relationship between pubertal status and SR/EF, but only 28 of these included results about pubertal status adjusted for the confounding effects of age. These studies were heterogeneous in their methods and reported mixed results with no clear patterns. The literature was also fraught with conceptual and methodological shortcomings. As a result, current evidence is inconclusive about pubertal status effects on SR/EF. We discuss the implications of these findings for current theories of adolescent cognitive development.
Globally, songs and instrumental melodies are slower and higher and use more stable pitches than speech: A Registered Report
Authors: Ozaki Yuto , Tierney Adam , Pfordresher Peter , Mcbride John , Benetos Emmanouil , Proutskova Polina , Chiba Gakuto , Liu Fang , Jacoby Nori , Purdy Suzanne , Opondo Patricia , Fitch Tecumseh , Hegde Shantala , Rocamora Martín , Thorne Rob , Nweke Florence Ewomazino , Sadaphal Dhwani P. , Sadaphal Parimal , Hadavi Shafagh , Fujii Shinya , Choo Sangbuem , Naruse Marin , Ehara Utae , Sy Latyr , Parselelo Mark Lenini , Anglada-Tort Manuel , Hansen Niels Chr. , Haiduk Felix , Færøvik Ulvhild , Magalhães Violeta , Krzyżanowski Wojciech , Shcherbakova Olena , Hereld Diana , Barbosa Brenda Suyanne , Varella Marco Antonio Correa , van Tongeren Mark , Dessiatnitchenko Polina , Zar Su Zar , Kahla Iyadh El , Muslu Olcay , Troy Jakelin , Lomsadze Teona , Kurdova Dilyana , CristianoTsope  , Fredriksson Daniel , Arabadjiev Aleksandar , Sarbah Jehoshaphat Philip , Arhine Adwoa , Meachair Tadhg Ó , Silva-Zurita Javier , Soto-Silva Ignacio , Millalonco Neddiel Elcie Muñoz , Ambrazevičius Rytis , Loui Psyche , Ravignani Andrea , Jadoul Yannick , Larrouy-Maestri Pauline , Bruder Camila , Teyxokawa Tutushamum Puri , Kuikuro Urise , Natsitsabui Rogerdison , Sagarzazu Nerea Bello , Raviv Limor , Zeng Minyu , Varnosfaderani Shahaboddin Dabaghi , Gómez-Cañón Juan Sebastián , Kolff Kayla , der Nederlanden Christina , Chhatwal Meyha , David Ryan Mark , Setiawan I Putu Gede , Lekakul Great , Borsan Vanessa Nina , Nguqu Nozuko , Savage Patrick E.
Published: December 2022

Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities and differences between song, speech, and instrumental music on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two global datasets: 1) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational speech, and instrumental melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; and 2) 418 previously published adult-directed song and speech recordings from 209 individuals speaking 16 languages. Of our six pre-registered predictions, five were strongly supported: relative to speech, songs use 1) higher pitch, 2) slower temporal rate, and 3) more stable pitches, while both songs and speech used similar 4) pitch interval size, and 5) timbral brightness. Exploratory analyses suggest that features vary along a “musi-linguistic” continuum when including instrumental melodies and recited lyrics. Our study provides strong empirical evidence of cross-cultural regularities in music and speech.
University of California PhD Pay is Among the Lowest in the U.S. After Accounting for Cost of Living
Authors: Masterson Daniel
Published: December 2022

How much do PhD students earn in university pay and how far does this income go toward basic cost of living? In this paper, we describe the PhD workforce, focusing on their wages and cost-of-living adjustments. We present nationwide data and a focused comparison to University of California wages. We find that after adjusting for cost-of-living in the county where a school is located, the UC’s wages are among the lowest at top institutions in the country. This trend holds when the UCs are compared against both public and private peer institutions. We find that even if UC PhD pay were 7% higher, it would still fall near the bottom of the pay distribution for peer institutions. We also examine the cost of housing alone, and we find that at most of the UCs, a fair-market rent in the school’s county is roughly 100% of the average total PhD income
Competitive Effects of Resale Price Maintenance Through Inventory: Evidence from Publishing Industry
Authors: Kawaguchi Kohei , Qiu Jeff , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the competitive effects of resale price maintenance (RPM) through inventory decisions under demand uncertainty. We focus on the Japanese publishing industry where RPM is allowed. We develop and estimate a model of RPM in which price and inventory are determined before demand is realized. Counterfactual simulations show that the RPM model would yield a higher consumer surplus than a wholesale model due to a sufficient inventory and a lower price of new titles. Moreover, we show that the price ceiling due to RPM plays a welfare-enhancing role, whereas the price floor is irrelevant in the industry.
Quantization and parasitic resistance correction for enhancing reliability against conductance drift with Memristor neural networks
Authors: Yi
Published: December 2022

The hardware implementation of neural networksbased on memristor crossbar array provides a promisingparadigm for neuromorphic computing. However, the existenceof memristor conductance drift harms the reliability of thedeployed neural network, which seriously hinders the practicalapplication of memristor-based neuromorphic computing. In thispaper, the impact of different types of conductance drift onthe weight realized by memristors is investigated and analyzed.Then, utilizing the weight uncertainty introduced by conductancedrift, we propose a weight optimization method based on theBayesian neural network, which can greatly improve the networkperformance. Furthermore, an ensemble approach is proposedto enhance network reliability without increasing training costor crossbar array resources. Finally, the effectiveness of theproposed scheme is verified through a series of experiments. Inaddition, the proposed scheme can be easily integrated into theimplementation of neuromorphic computing, which can providea better guarantee for its large-scale application. For preventingmemristor defects from degrading edge intelligence performance,chip-in-the-loop training can be useful when training memristorcrossbars. Another undesirable effect in memristor crossbars isparasitic resistances such as source, line, and neuron resistance,which worsens as crossbar size increases. Various circuit andsoftware techniques can compensate for parasitic resistances likesource, line, and neuron resistance. Finally, we discuss an energy-efficient programming method for updating synaptic weights inmemristor crossbars, which is needed for learning the edgedevices.
HISTORICAL STAGES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEWSPAPER MARKET IN NORWAY
Authors: Prostyakova Veronika
Published: December 2022

The article highlights the main stages in the formation and development of the newspaper market in Norway. Historically, newspapers have been the leading media in Norway. This is explained two reasons: firstly, the first mass media in Norway were newssheets that appeared in the 16 th century, and secondly, the inhabitants of Norway are one of the most reading nations, giving preference to newspapers out of all the variety of media. As a result, the following stages in the development of the newspaper market were identified: the connection of newspapers with political parties, the introduction of state subsidies for the press, and the adoption of a law on media ownership.