bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photophysical implications of ring fusion, linker length, and twisting angle in a series of perylenediimide–thienoacene dimers
Authors: Leonard Ariel A. , Mosquera Martín A. , Jones Leighton O. , Cai Zhengxu , Fauvell Thomas J. , Kirschner Matthew S. , Gosztola David J. , Schatz George C. , Schaller Richard D. , Yu Luping , Chen Lin X.
Published: July 2020

Ring fusion and conjugated bridge length dependent exciton dynamics and electronic coupling in a series of perylenediimide dimers with acceptor–donor–acceptor arrangement are investigated by ultrafast optical spectroscopy and TDDFT calculations.
Stress tolerance assessment of dibenzyltoluene-based liquid organic hydrogen carriers
Authors: Modisha Phillimon , Bessarabov Dmitri
Published: July 2020

Levels of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation for hydrogen storage and release from cycles 1–15 and the amount of by-products formed.
Anchoring Au nanoparticles on Bi ultrathin nanosheets for use as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for ambient-condition electrochemical ammonia synthesis
Authors: Xu You , Ren Tianlun , Yu Shanshan , Ren Kaili , Wang Mingzhen , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: July 2020

Anchoring Au nanoparticles on Bi ultrathin nanosheets enables efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction for ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions.
Viscoelastic tribopairs in dry and lubricated sliding friction
Authors: Kim A-Reum , Cholewinski Aleksander , Mitra Sushanta K. , Zhao Boxin
Published: July 2020

A detailed study on the role of viscoelasticity of tribopairs in dry and lubricated sliding tribosystems.
Inverse integral transformation method to derive local viscosity distribution measured by optical tweezers
Authors: Hidema Ruri , Yatabe Zenji , Takahashi Hikari , Higashikawa Ryusei , Suzuki Hiroshi
Published: July 2020

Complex fluids have a non-uniform local inner structure. The non-uniformity of polymer and worm-like micellar solutions were characterized by the local viscosity distribution obtained by optical tweezers with the inverse integral transformation method.
“Dense diffusion” in colloidal glasses: short-ranged long-time self-diffusion as a mechanistic model for relaxation dynamics
Authors: Wang J. Galen , Li Qi , Peng Xiaoguang , McKenna Gregory B. , Zia Roseanna N.
Published: July 2020

Individual particle dynamics are monitored during the colloidal glass transition, using a novel size-jump algorithm to quench from liquid to glass.
“Tandem-action” ferrocenyl iodocuprates promoting low temperature hypergolic ignitions of “green” EIL–H2O2bipropellants
Authors: Wang Kangcai , Liu Tianlin , Jin Yunhe , Huang Shi , Petrutik Natan , Shem-Tov Daniel , Yan Qi-Long , Gozin Michael , Zhang Qinghua
Published: July 2020

The fast auto-ignition of energetic ionic liquid fuels with H2O2was achieved under low temperature conditions by using new promoters, paving the way for the development of green bipropellants.
Controlling the properties and self-assembly of helical nanofibrils by engineering zinc-binding β-hairpin peptides
Authors: Simonovsky Eyal , Miller Yifat
Published: July 2020

The type and location of residues in the designed novel peptides that bind Zn2+ ions determine the properties of the fibrils.
Solution processed CZTS solar cells using amine–thiol systems: understanding the dissolution process and device fabrication
Authors: Lowe Jamie C. , Wright Lewis D. , Eremin Dmitry B. , Burykina Julia V. , Martens Jonathan , Plasser Felix , Ananikov Valentine P. , Bowers Jake W. , Malkov Andrei V.
Published: July 2020

The dissolution process of CZTS constituent elements in a low-toxicity amine-thiol solvent system is analysed in detail through the use of ESI-MS and IRMPD techniques. Devices produced from this solution achieved efficiencies of up to 8.1%.
Electronic structure and magnetic exchange interactions of Cr-based van der Waals ferromagnets. A comparative study between CrBr3 and Cr2Ge2Te6
Authors: O. Fumega Adolfo , Blanco-Canosa S. , Babu-Vasili H. , Gargiani P. , Li Hongze , Zhou Jian-Shi , Rivadulla F. , Pardo Victor
Published: July 2020

Ab initio calculations and high-pressure experiments unveil the microscopic mechanism behind the magnetic properties of two Cr-based van der Waals ferromagnets that have different electronic structure.
Design of narrow bandgap non-fullerene acceptors for photovoltaic applications and investigation of non-geminate recombination dynamics
Authors: Vollbrecht Joachim , Lee Jaewon , Ko Seo-Jin , Brus Viktor V. , Karki Akchheta , Le William , Seifrid Martin , Ford Michael J. , Cho Kilwon , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc-Quyen
Published: July 2020

A new narrow bandgap non-fullerene electron acceptor was designed, synthesized, and characterized for near-infrared organic photovoltaics.
Forcing dimethylacridine crooking to improve the efficiency of orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters
Authors: Hao Feng-Yan , Shi Yi-Zhong , Wang Kai , Fan Xiao-Chun , Wu Lin , Ye Jun , Zheng Cai-Jun , Li Yan-Qing , Ou Xue-Mei , Zhang Xiao-Hong
Published: July 2020

By crooking conventional donor segments via suitable steric hindrance, nearly planar geometries, a small singlet–triplet energy splitting and a high fluorescence quantum yield can be realized simultaneously.
Macrophages—the immune effector guardians of the lung: impact of corticosteroids on their functional responses
Authors: van Eeden Stephan F. , Akata Kentaro
Published: July 2020

Lung macrophages (LMs) are key immune effector cells that protect the lung from inhaled particulate matter, noxious gases and pathogens. In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), there is an abundance of macrophages in airspaces and lung tissues suggesting that they play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, macrophage phenotype and functional properties are altered in COPD toward a more pro-inflammatory state, characterized by reduced pathogen recognition and processing ability and dysfunctional tissue repair qualities. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), used in the management of COPD, has been shown to reduce acute exacerbations of COPD but is also associated with increased occurrence of pneumonia. Corticosteroids treatment altered LM phenotypic characteristics and their functional properties, and this commentary discusses current knowledge and also the gaps in our understanding of the impact of ICS on LMs phenotype and function. A better understanding of how ICSs impact the immune-inflammatory responses in the lung, in particular ICSs’ effects on LMs, could allow more selective personalized tailoring of the use of ICSs in COPD to improve disease progression, morbidity and mortality.
Potential role of diacylglycerol kinases in immune-mediated diseases
Authors: Baldanzi Gianluca , Ragnoli Beatrice , Malerba Mario
Published: July 2020

The mechanism promoting exacerbated immune responses in allergy and autoimmunity as well as those blunting the immune control of cancer cells are of primary interest in medicine. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are key modulators of signal transduction, which blunt diacylglycerol (DAG) signals and produce phosphatidic acid (PA). By modulating lipid second messengers, DGK modulate the activity of downstream signaling proteins, vesicle trafficking and membrane shape. The biological role of the DGK α and ζ isoforms in immune cells differentiation and effector function was subjected to in deep investigations. DGK α and ζ resulted in negatively regulating synergistic way basal and receptor induced DAG signals in T cells as well as leukocytes. In this way, they contributed to keep under control the immune response but also downmodulate immune response against tumors. Alteration in DGKα activity is also implicated in the pathogenesis of genetic perturbations of the immune function such as the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease 1 and localized juvenile periodontitis. These findings suggested a participation of DGK to the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying several immune-mediated diseases and prompted several researches aiming to target DGK with pharmacologic and molecular strategies. Those findings are discussed inhere together with experimental applications in tumors as well as in other immune-mediated diseases such as asthma.
The Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) spectral library
Authors: Morelli L. , Ivanov V. D. , Pizzella A. , Gasparri D. , Coccato L. , Corsini E. M. , Dalla Bontà E. , François P. , Cesetti M.
Published: July 2020

Context. Stellar population studies in the infrared (IR) wavelength range have two main advantages with respect to the optical regime: they probe different populations, because most of the light in the IR comes from redder and generally older stars, and they allow us to see through dust because IR light is less affected by extinction. Unfortunately, IR modeling work was halted by the lack of adequate stellar libraries, but this has changed in the recent years.

Aims. Our project investigates the sensitivity of various spectral features in the 1−5 μm wavelength range to the physical properties of stars (Teff, [Fe/H], log g) and aims to objectively define spectral indices that can characterize the age and metallicity of unresolved stellar populations.

Methods. We implemented a method that uses derivatives of the indices as functions of Teff, [Fe/H] or log g across the entire available wavelength range to reveal the most sensitive indices to these parameters and the ranges in which these indices work.

Results. Here, we complement the previous work in the I and K bands, reporting a new system of 14, 12, 22, and 12 indices for Y, J, H, and L atmospheric windows, respectively, and describe their behavior. We list the equivalent widths of these indices for the Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) spectral library stars.

Conclusions. Our analysis indicates that features sensitive to the effective temperature are present and measurable in all the investigated atmospheric windows at the spectral resolution and in the metallicity range of the IRTF library for a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 20−30. The surface gravity is more challenging and only indices in the H and J windows are best suited for this. The metallicity range of the stars with available spectra is too narrow to search for suitable diagnostics. For the spectra of unresolved galaxies, the defined indices are valuable tools in tracing the properties of the stars in the IR-dominant stellar populations.
A surprise in the updated list of stellar perturbers of long-period comet motion
Authors: Wysoczańska Rita , Dybczyński Piotr A. , Polińska Magdalena
Published: July 2020

Context. The second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) provided us with the precise five-parameter astrometry for 1.3 billion of sources. As stars passing close to the Solar System are thought to influence the dynamical history of long-period comets, we update and extend the list of stars that could potentially perturb the motion of these comets.

Aims. We announce a publicly available database containing an up-to-date list of stars and stellar systems potentially perturbing the motion of long-period comets. We add new objects and revise previously published lists. Special emphasis is placed on stellar systems. A discussion of mass estimation is included.

Methods. Using the astrometry, preferably from Gaia DR2, augmented with data from other sources, we calculate nominal spatial positions and velocities for each star. To filter studied objects on the basis of their nominal minimum heliocentric distances we numerically integrate the motion of stars under the Galactic potential and their mutual interactions.

Results. We announce the updated list of stellar perturbers of cometary motion, including the masses of perturbers along with the publicly available database interface. These data are ready to be used with the observed long-period comets orbits to study an individual influence of a whole sample of perturbers, or specific stars, on a dynamical past or future of a specific comet. New potential perturbers were added; there are 138 more than in the previously published sources.

Conclusions. We demonstrate that a new set of prospective perturbers is an important tool in studies of cometary dynamics. The use of our data changes the results of the past and future cometary motion analysis. We point out a puzzling object in our list, star ALS 9243. The Gaia DR2 astrometry suggests a very close encounter of this star with the Sun; however, its astrophysical parameters result in a completely different current distance of ALS 9243 and its high mass.
GJ 273: on the formation, dynamical evolution, and habitability of a planetary system hosted by an M dwarf at 3.75 parsec
Authors: Pozuelos Francisco J. , Suárez Juan C. , de Elía Gonzalo C. , Berdiñas Zaira M. , Bonfanti Andrea , Dugaro Agustín , Gillon Michaël , Jehin Emmanuël , Günther Maximilian N. , Van Grootel Valérie , Garcia Lionel J. , Thuillier Antoine , Delrez Laetitia , Rodón Jose R.
Published: July 2020

Context.Planets orbiting low-mass stars such as M dwarfs are now considered a cornerstone in the search for planets with the potential to harbour life. GJ 273 is a planetary system orbiting an M dwarf only 3.75 pc away, which is composed of two confirmed planets, GJ 273b and GJ 273c, and two promising candidates, GJ 273d and GJ 273e. Planet GJ 273b resides in the habitable zone. Currently, due to a lack of observed planetary transits, only the minimum masses of the planets are known:Mbsinib= 2.89M⊕,Mcsinic= 1.18M⊕,Mdsinid= 10.80M⊕, andMesinie= 9.30M⊕. Despite its interesting character, the GJ 273 planetary system has been poorly studied thus far.

Aims.We aim to precisely determine the physical parameters of the individual planets, in particular, to break the mass–inclination degeneracy to accurately determine the mass of the planets. Moreover, we present a thorough characterisation of planet GJ 273b in terms of its potential habitability.

Methods.First, we explored the planetary formation and hydration phases of GJ 273 during the first 100 Myr. Secondly, we analysed the stability of the system by considering both the two- and four-planet configurations. We then performed a comparative analysis between GJ 273 and the Solar System and we searched for regions in GJ 273 which may harbour minor bodies in stable orbits, that is, the main asteroid belt and Kuiper belt analogues.

Results.From our set of dynamical studies, we find that the four-planet configuration of the system allows us to break the mass–inclination degeneracy. From our modelling results, the masses of the planets are unveiled as: 2.89 ≤Mb≤ 3.03M⊕, 1.18 ≤Mc≤ 1.24M⊕, 10.80 ≤Md≤ 11.35M⊕, and 9.30 ≤Me≤ 9.70M⊕. These results point to a system that is likely to be composed of an Earth-mass planet, a super-Earth and two mini-Neptunes. Based on planetary formation models, we determine that GJ 273b is likely an efficient water captor while GJ 273c is probably a dry planet. We find that the system may have several stable regions where minor bodies might reside. Collectively, these results are used to offer a comprehensive discussion about the habitability of GJ 273b.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Baroch D. , Morales J. C. , Ribas I. , Herrero E. , Rosich A. , Perger M. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Reiners A. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Jeffers S. V. , Cifuentes C. , Passegger V. M. , Schweitzer A. , Lafarga M. , Bauer F. F. , Béjar V. J. S. , Colomé J. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Dreizler S. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Montes D. , Rodríguez-López C. , Zechmeister M.
Published: July 2020

Context. Variability caused by stellar activity represents a challenge to the discovery and characterization of terrestrial exoplanets and complicates the interpretation of atmospheric planetary signals.

Aims. We aim to use a detailed modeling tool to reproduce the effect of active regions on radial velocity measurements, which aids the identification of the key parameters that have an impact on the induced variability.

Methods. We analyzed the effect of stellar activity on radial velocities as a function of wavelength by simulating the impact of the properties of spots, shifts induced by convective motions, and rotation. We focused our modeling effort on the active star YZ CMi (GJ 285), which was photometrically and spectroscopically monitored with CARMENES and the Telescopi Joan Oró.

Results. We demonstrate that radial velocity curves at different wavelengths yield determinations of key properties of active regions, including spot-filling factor, temperature contrast, and location, thus solving the degeneracy between them. Most notably, our model is also sensitive to convective motions. Results indicate a reduced convective shift for M dwarfs when compared to solar-type stars (in agreement with theoretical extrapolations) and points to a small global convective redshift instead of blueshift.

Conclusions. Using a novel approach based on simultaneous chromatic radial velocities and light curves, we can set strong constraints on stellar activity, including an elusive parameter such as the net convective motion effect.
Development of planar microstrip resonators for electron spin resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Roy Subhadip , Saha Sagnik , Sarkar Jit , Mitra Chiranjib
Published: July 2020

This work focuses on the development of planar microwave resonators for use in electron spin resonance spectroscopic studies. Two half-wavelength microstrip resonators of different geometrical shapes, namely straight ribbon and omega, are fabricated on commercially available microwave laminates. Both resonators have a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. We have performed electromagnetic field simulations for the resonators and have extracted design parameters that were used for fabrication. The effect of the geometry on the quasi-transverse electromagnetic (quasi-TEM) modes of the resonators is noted from simulation results. The fabrication is done using optical lithography in which laser printed photomasks are used. This prototyping technique allows us to fabricate resonators in a few hours with accuracy up to 6 mils. The resonators are characterized using a Vector Network Analyzer. The fabricated resonators are used in a home built low-temperature continuous wave electron spin resonance (CW-ESR) spectrometer which operates in S-band. It captures the absorption spectrum of the free radical DPPH, at both room temperature and 77 K. The measuredg-factor using our resonators is consistent with the values reported in literature. Spin sensitivity of 1015spins/gauss is achieved at 77 K. The designed resonators will be used in setting up a pulsed electron spin resonance spectrometer by suitably modifying the CW-ESR spectrometer.
An introduction to neutrons for biology
Authors: Combet Sophie
Published: July 2020

The overlap of biology and neutron scattering remains a relatively narrow domain of research. This is partly due to the a priori maladjustment between real space problems and methods based on spatial and temporal correlations. In addition, some major assets of neutron scattering, such as isotopic substitution, can be tricky with biological molecules. More generally, a mutual lack of knowledge of the two concerned communities precluded potential rich interactions in early times. However, the situation changed to the point that, today, biology represents a substantial part of the research activity at neutron facilities. The purpose of this introduction is not to present one more overview of the subject of “neutron scattering” (excellent comprehensive articles are easily accessible to the interested readers [1–4]), but rather to facilitate the reading of the present book by introducing a few neutron scattering notions that may be useful for the community of biologists eventually less familiar with this technique.
Solution structure of macromolecules using small angle neutron scattering and molecular simulations
Authors: Bhatt Jayesh S.
Published: July 2020

An introductory account of using molecular simulations to deduce solution structure of macromolecules using small angle neutron scattering data is presented for biologists. The presence of a liquid solution provides mobility to the molecules, making it difficult to pin down their structure. Here a simple introduction to molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo techniques is followed by a recipe to use the output of the simulations along with the scattering data in order to infer the structure of macromolecules when they are placed in a liquid solution. Some practical issues to be watched for are also highlighted.
Two species of illegal South American sailfin catfish of the genus Pterygoplichthys well-established in Indonesia
Authors: Patoka Jiří , Takdir Muhammad , Yonvitner  , Aryadi Hilman , Jerikho Rikho , Nilawati Jusri , Tantu Fadly Yasin , Bohatá Lucie , Aulia Asti , Kamal Mohammad Mukhlis , Wardiatno Yusli , Petrtýl Miloslav
Published: July 2020

Sailfin catfish indigenous to South America are very popular ornamental fish, having previously been introduced to many regions outside their native range. Two species, namely Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus and P. pardalis, are illegal but widespread in Indonesia. They have formed self-sustaining populations, exploited for feeding of domestic animals and locally for human consumption. Also possible hybrids of the two mentioned species were recorded. The surveyed populations were considered established which perfectly fits with the climate matching analysis. Further monitoring and inspection of regions highlighted to be suitable for sailfin catfish is recommended.
Design of composite materials for clothes
Authors: Koksharov Sergey , Kornilova Nadezhda , Shammut Yulia
Published: July 2020

Transition to digital models of garments is the first step in dig-itization of the light industry. Adequate digital models can be obtained by using precise parameters of stress-strain properties of a fabric and other materials. The study has revealed regression dependences of the stiffness index of the polymer – fibre composite on the stiffness of the suit fabric and the combination of fusible interlining parameters. The obtained equa-tions can be used to design composite materials of the required stiffness, depending on the form of clothing being created
Continuous production of multicomponent powder mixtures
Authors: Mansour Wasem , Melekhin Denis , Pasko Alexander
Published: July 2020

Mixing of powders is an important process in various industries, from chemical, pharmaceutical to food and construction. The main characteristic of the mixture is its homogeneity, which is usually estimated by the coefficient variation and the lower this ratio, the better the mixture. Typically, particles of the components of the mixture differ in size and / or density. These differences cause segregation, i.e. the formation of zones in which there is a high concentration of one of the components and this affects the quality of the mixture. However, through the use of special technological methods, the negative result of segregation can be transformed into a positive one and not only reduce the mixing time, but also improve the quality of the mixture. This article discusses one of the options for the production of a multicomponent mixture with a specific schedule for loading components. It is shown that by organizing the correct sequence of loading components, you can control the mixing process. Two-step technology is used to feed components into the mixer.
Wear and friction dependence on grain size
Authors: Stolyarov Vladimir
Published: July 2020

The tribological characteristics of pure metals and ceramics with graphene obtained by electrochemical, deformation and powder metallurgical methods are compared for a coarse-grained and nanocrystalline state. Reducing the grain size to the nanoscale region in the structure helps to reduce wear and friction coefficient compared to conventional analogues. The possibilities of modelling the contact of solids with the atomic structure of the surface are considered.
Two-layer reinforced concrete panels with uniformly compressed sections
Authors: Mailyan Dmitry , Blyagoz Alik , Kretinin Konstantin
Published: July 2020

The paper contains the issues related to the creation of a non-uniform prestress cross-section of reinforced concrete elements compressed during operation of working with a one-way eccentricity of the resultant longitudinal forces.
Studying the possibility of obtaining heat-insulating building materials based on lime carbonization hardening and rice husk
Authors: Nikolaenko Vitaliy , Lyubomirskiy Nikolai , Nikolaenko Elena , Bakhtin Aleksandr
Published: July 2020

The paper presents studies of changes in the physicomechanical properties of samples based on lime-limestone compositions with rice husk filler hardening in an environment with a high concentration of carbon dioxide. The samples are semi-dry pressing cylinders made of a mixture of hydrated lime, ground limestone and a filler in the form of rice husk in order to reduce the density and increase the heat-insulation ability of building materials based on this raw material mixture. The studies showed that there is an increase in the strength of the samples due to the transition of portlandite to calcite during forced carbonization. The possibility of using waste products of plant origin by the example of rice husk in the production technology of heat-insulating building materials using artificial forced carbonization which will allow obtain products with the following characteristics: compressive strength 2.2 – 4.0 MPA at a density of 700 - 1200 kg/m³, thermal conductivity – 0.11-0.13 W/m•K, has been proved.
Research and Implementation of an Automatic Reset Force of a Force Feedback Handle
Authors: Qiu Xin An , Wang Shi Jia , Ma Dong Tao
Published: July 2020

Take the force feedback handle applied to the teleoperation of space robotic arm as a requirement. In order to improve users’ experience, we studied the automatic reset force of the handle. This paper proposes a springdamping model and applies it to the torque output of the motor to achieve a good reset of the handle, which is a new development of the application field of the automatic reset force model of the force feedback device. The experiment shows that the automatic reset force model has high accuracy when the handle returns to zero. In addition, through dynamic and reasonable adjustment of the stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient, it can meet the needs of different users for the automatic reset force of the force feedback handle.
Low-Cost and Aerodynamics-Aim Hypersonic Flight Experiment MF-1
Authors: Xiao Han-shan , Ou Chao , Ji Hong-liang , He Zheng-chun , Liu Ning-yuan , Yuan Xian-xu
Published: July 2020

For increasing understanding of fundamental hypersonic phenomena, the flight test program, named MF-1, is to gather fundamental scientific and engineering data on the physics and technologies critical to future operational hypersonic flight with low-cost flight test platform, which is built on the retrofitted rockets. The MF-1 program is a hypersonic flight test program executed by China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center (CARDC). The MF-1 flight flew in December 2015. The flight focuses primarily on integration of instrumentation on the test vehicle, with application to boundary layer transition and shock interaction experiments. The MF-1 payload consists of a blunted 7°half angle cone, a cylinder and 33° flare configuration. The payload was boosted to Mach 5.32 utilizing a solid-rocket booster without control for the whole flight. The flight was fully successful, and measured transition under supersonic and hypersonic conditions. The heat flux data were given by the three-dimensional thermal identification method to discriminate transition zone. The preliminary analysis shows that the real-time flight data obtained by MF-1 are reliable and can be used to validate the transition predicting model and software. The results show that the existing model is able to predict the transition location of cone at a small angle-of-attack for supersonic or hypersonic flow. This paper describes the MF-1 mission and some general conclusions derived from the experiment.
In Vitro Assessment of Homeopathic Potencies of Hydrastis canadensis on Hormone-Dependent and Independent Breast Cancer
Authors: Khan Sabiha , Nayak Debadatta , Khurana Anil , Manchanda Raj Kumar , Tandon Chanderdeep , Tandon Simran
Published: July 2020

Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Conventional treatment such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiotherapy has decreased the mortality rate among cancer patients but has also revealed long-term side effects. Drug resistance and toxicity to normal cells compound the problems associated with the use of modern medicines. Hence, complementary or alternative treatment options are being explored. The current study, using different homeopathic potencies of Hydrastis canadensis, was conducted to distinguish between any effects they might have on hormone-dependent and independent breast cancer.

Materials and Methods The cytotoxic effect of homeopathic medicine Hydrastis on hormone-dependent (MCF 7) and hormone-independent (MDA-MB-468) breast cancer cells was assessed using viability and colony-forming assays after 48 or 72 hours of treatment. Flow cytometry-based Annexin V-PI (propidium iodide), caspase 3 and cell cycle analysis was performed following treatment of cells with mother tincture or various potencies of Hydrastis (1C, 2C, 30C, 200C).

Results Different potencies of Hydrastis displayed selective cytotoxic effects against MCF 7 cells, but only marginal effects against MDA-MB-468. The maximum cytotoxicity was established in the case of 1C following 72 hours of treatment. Treatment of breast cancer cells revealed an increase in the G0/G1 cell population, along with an increase in the caspase 3 levels and induction of apoptosis.

Conclusion Hydrastis may have a selective cytotoxic effect against hormone-dependent breast cancer MCF 7 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, which could be the plausible reason for the induction of apoptosis. The results need to be validated in vivo.
Thlaspi bursa pastoris in Treatment of Urinary Stones: A Case Series
Authors: Nayak Chintamani , Sahoo Amulya Ratna , Nayak Chaturbhuja
Published: July 2020

Background Urinary stones are the most common cause of acute ureteral obstruction. The homeopathic medicine Thlaspi bursa pastoris (TBP) has many symptoms similar to the typical symptoms of urolithiasis, yet its clinical usefulness has not been well documented.

Patients In this study, the clinical symptoms of each of five patients, along with ultrasonographic evidence, were taken for the assessment of the outcome. TBP was prescribed in potency 30c and/or 200c to each patient on the basis of the main symptoms, typically dysuria, retention of urine and haematuria. Each case was followed for up to 6 months. Assessment of causal attribution of treatment effect was performed using the Modified Naranjo Criteria.

Results There was full recovery of all five patients and post-treatment ultrasonography showed no calculi remaining. The Modified Naranjo Criteria total score for each patient was either +8/13 or +9/13.

Conclusion TBP was observed to be effective in eliminating renal stones within a short span of time and without any complications.
Corticosteroid Use and Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brasil-Oliveira Rebeca , Cruz Álvaro A. , Sarmento Viviane Almeida , Souza-Machado Adelmir , Lins-Kusterer Liliane
Published: July 2020

Periodontitis affects the teeth supporting structures, such as periodontal tissues. We aimed to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and corticosteroid use. We searched in MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, SCOPUS, LILACS, and Cochrane databases, using the descriptors “Periodontal diseases” AND (“adrenal cortex hormones” OR “adrenal cortex hormones” OR (“adrenal” AND “cortex” AND “hormones”) OR “adrenal cortex hormones” OR “corticosteroid”). We selected the summaries of observational studies, addressing periodontal disease in patients using corticosteroids. The search resulted in 403 articles. After applying the selection criteria, eight studies remained; being two retrospective cohorts and six cross-sectional studies. There are few studies with appropriate methodology to produce sound evidence about the causal relationship between the use of corticosteroids and periodontitis. However, two retrospective cohorts confirmed that chronic corticosteroid use is associated with the incidence of periodontal disease. Dental staff must be aware of this association for better management of periodontal disease therapy in patients using corticosteroids.
Measuring the mass-elite preference congruence: findings from a meta-analysis and introduction to the symposium
Authors: Shim Jaemin , Gherghina Sergiu
Published: July 2020

The extensive scholarship devoted to the congruence of mass-elite policy preferences lacks consensus about the meaning, comparison, and measurement across political settings. This makes comparisons difficult and raises obstacles to advancing the debates. This symposium aims to identify the diversity of methodological choices and to reflect systematically on several key choices of particular importance in understanding the congruence. The contributions to the symposium compare and contrast how several types of measurement fare in diverse political contexts in Eastern Europe, Latin America, North Africa, and East Asia, and what we can learn from those methodological choices.
Composed multicore fiber structure for direction-sensitive curvature monitoring
Authors: Villatoro Joel , Amorebieta Josu , Ortega-Gomez Angel , Antonio-Lopez Enrique , Zubia Joseba , Schülzgen Axel , Amezcua-Correa Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

The present work deals with a curvature sensor that consists of two segments of asymmetric multicore fiber (MCF) fusion spliced with standard single mode fiber (SMF). The MCF comprises three strongly coupled cores; one of such cores is at the geometrical center of the MCF. The two segments of MCF are short, have different lengths (less than 2 cm each), and are rotated 180° with respect to each other. The fabrication of the sensor was carried out with a fusion splicing machine that has the means for rotating optical fibers. It is demonstrated that the sensor behaves as two SMF–MCF–SMF structures in series, and consequently, it has enhanced sensitivity. The device proposed here can be used to sense the direction and amplitude of curvature by monitoring either wavelength shifts or intensity changes. In the latter case, high curvature sensitivity was observed. The device can also be used for the development of other highly sensitive sensors to monitor, for example, vibrations, force, pressure, or any other parameter that induces periodic or local curvature or bending to the MCF segments.
Quantum electron transport in degenerate donor–acceptor systems
Authors: Merkli Marco , Berman Gennady P. , Saxena Avadh
Published: July 2020

We develop a mathematically rigorous theory for the quantum transfer processes in degenerate donor–acceptor dimers in contact with a thermal environment. We explicitly calculate the transfer rates and the acceptor population efficiency. The latter depends critically on the initial donor state. We show that quantum coherence in the initial state enhances the transfer process. If the electron is initially shared coherently by the donor levels, then the efficiency can reach values close to 100%, while an incoherent initial donor state will significantly suppress the efficiency. The results are useful for a better understanding of the quantum electron transport in many chemical, solid state, and biological systems with complex degenerate and quasi-degenerate energy landscapes.
Static permittivity of environmentally relevant low-concentration aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4
Authors: Gorji Amin , Bowler Nicola
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the result of a systematic study and molecular mechanisms governing the dielectric spectra of aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4 with environmentally relevant concentrations (∼mmol/l) are presented, for frequencies from 200 MHz up to 20 GHz and at temperature 25.00 ± 0.01 °C. The measured spectra were fitted with a Debye relaxation model using a non-linear, weighted, least-squares analysis. Conductivity was measured independently to reduce uncertainty in obtaining other parameters by spectral fitting. Careful experimentation provided dielectric data of sufficiently low uncertainty to enable observation of polarization mechanisms that emerge only in the low-concentration regime. The data were fitted by a concentration-dependent parametric model that includes terms accounting for internal depolarizing fields and the solvent dilution effect (mixture relation), the kinetic depolarization effect, the dielectric saturation effect, and the Debye–Falkenhagen effect that accounts for the contribution of ionic atmosphere polarization. It has been shown that, in NaCl and NaNO3 solutions at sufficiently low concentrations, the static permittivity increases due to the Debye–Falkenhagen effect. It has also been shown that, to calculate the number of irrotationally bound water molecules ZIB, the measured static permittivity values should be corrected to account for the contributions of kinetic depolarization and Debye–Falkenhagen effects. Otherwise, unrealistic values of ZIB are obtained. An explanation for the different strengths of the Debye–Falkenhagen effect observed for the different electrolyte solutions, essentially due to the electrophoretic effect and coordination number, is also presented.
The role of slow manifolds in parameter estimation for a multiscale stochastic system with α-stable Lévy noise
Authors: Chao Ying , Wei Pingyuan , Duan Jinqiao
Published: July 2020

This work is about parameter estimation for a fast–slow stochastic system with non-Gaussian α-stable Lévy noise. When the observations are only available for slow components, a system parameter is estimated and the accuracy for this estimation is quantified by p-moment with p ∈ (1, α), with the help of a reduced system through a random slow manifold approximation. This method provides an advantage in computational complexity and cost due to the dimension reduction in stochastic systems. To numerically illustrate this method, and to corroborate that the parameter estimator based on the reduced slow system is a good approximation for the true parameter value of the original system, a prototypical example is present.
A high signal-to-noise ratio balanced detector system for 2 μm coherent wind lidar
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Lian , Zhao Yiming , Jin Ge
Published: July 2020

A balanced detector system with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the key technology for 2 μm coherent wind lidar, which can enhance the ability for the digital receiver to detect extremely weak signals. The photodiode is the main detection component of a balanced detector system. The variance of junction capacitance of different photodiodes will cause the degradation of SNR. Based on the linear relationship between the junction capacitance of a photodiode and the reverse voltage in the double logarithmic coordinates, a balanced detector system is designed to have the ability to adjust the reverse voltage by using the external digital-to-analog converter. An optimization of the circuit performance can be achieved by adjusting the junction capacitance, which significantly affects the circuit noise and signal bandwidth in the design of the high bandwidth transimpedance amplifier, which is sensitive to parasitic capacitance and component error. A simplified optical system is built to test the performance of the designed balanced detector system. The results show that the SNR of the detector system is ∼10% higher than that of the commercial product, which can further increase the detection distance of the wind lidar by ∼1.5 km for the detection limit of 10 km.
New Cf-252 neutron source shielding design based Monte Carlo simulation using material combination
Authors: Guembou Shouop Cebastien Joel , Bak Sang-In , Ndontchueng Moyo Maurice , Nguelem Mekongtso Eric Jilbert , Strivay David
Published: July 2020

Neutron shielding has been a worldwide concern for decades and appropriate methods in nuclear reactors and associated facilities for shielding have been developed. Light materials such as paraffin and water cannot be used in neutron radiography due to structural and fire concerns, and a material in the solid form is needed for effective neutron shielding. Therefore, the present study developed a new neutron shielding design for fixed industrial radiography facilities with solid structures based on material combination. Different materials were investigated to find the most appropriate combination design to shield the spontaneous neutron emitted from a Cf-252 source (with an energy in the range from several keV up to 20 MeV). The combination of iron, graphite, boron (or borate materials), and lead in this order, respectively, were found to be the most appropriate shielding structure for an open Cf-252 source used in fixed industrial radiography. As iron is characterized by a high removal cross section, its use in shielding the californium spontaneous neutron source is the key outcome of the present study. These results were confirmed with the Monte Carlo simulation-based particle and heavy ion transport code system.
Observation of ultrafast impact ionization in diamond driven by mid-infrared femtosecond pulses
Authors: Kozák M. , Martínek M. , Otobe T. , Trojánek F. , Malý P.
Published: July 2020

We report on the observation of ultrafast impact ionization in monocrystalline diamond driven by high-intensity mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The measurements are based on monitoring the excited carrier population during and after the interaction of the pre-excited sample with a strong infrared pulse by transient transmission spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements. A twofold increase in the initial carrier population due to impact ionization is observed with the peak infrared intensity of 2.5 TW/cm2. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations of electron dynamics using time-dependent density functional theory, which show that the electrons in the conduction band reach the energy threshold for impact ionization during the interaction with the infrared pulse.
Insight into the coordinated jetting behavior in periodic lattice structures under dynamic compression
Authors: Lind Jonathan , Robinson Andrew K. , Kumar Mukul
Published: July 2020

Architected lattices are gaining prominence for structural applications as additive manufacturing technologies mature. Emergent behavior, such as material jetting and wave propagation, arising from the open architecture has been observed under dynamic loading conditions. The origin of the observed jetting and how it might come about across a broad spectrum of lattice types, material compositions, length scales, and dynamic loading conditions is still an open question. The jetting behavior due to lattice structures was studied through a series of dynamic compression plate impact experiments with in situ x-ray imaging. The role of the impact conditions, the lattice spacing, the lattice architecture, and the lattice base material is explored in the context of promoting or suppressing jet formation. A transition from lattice-led to impactor-led jetting is observed above a certain impact threshold. Complementary direct numerical simulations were also performed to compare with the experiments, to study the underlying stress state giving rise to jetting, and to provide insight into conditions not accessed experimentally. We present a geometric argument on the competitive process leading to lattice and/or impactor jetting which incorporates base material properties, the periodicity of the lattice, and basic tunable length scales of the lattice. Using two-dimensional calculations, we further look at how tuning of a single parameter of the studied systems changes the observed jetting transition.
Bridging transitions and capillary forces for colloids in a slit
Authors: Vasilyev Oleg A. , Labbé-Laurent Marcel , Dietrich S. , Kondrat Svyatoslav
Published: July 2020

Capillary bridges can form between colloids immersed in a two-phase fluid, e.g., in a binary liquid mixture, if the surface of the colloids prefers the species other than the one favored in the bulk liquid. Here, we study the formation of liquid bridges induced by confining colloids to a slit, with the slit walls having a preference opposite to the one of the colloid surface. Using mean field theory, we show that there is a line of first-order phase transitions between the bridge and the no-bridge states, which ends at a critical point. By decreasing the slit width, this critical point is shifted toward smaller separations between the colloids. However, at very small separations and far from criticality, we observe only a minor influence of the slit width on the location of the transition. Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model, which mimics incompressible binary liquid mixtures, confirm the occurrence of the bridging transitions, as manifested by the appearance of “spinodal” regions where both bridge and no-bridge configurations are stable or metastable. Interestingly, we find that there is no such spinodal region in the case of small colloids, but we observe a sharpening of the transition when the colloid size increases. In addition, we demonstrate that the capillary force acting between the colloids can depend sensitively on the slit width and varies drastically with temperature, thus achieving strengths orders of magnitude higher than at criticality of the fluid.
Kerr nonlinearity induced four-wave mixing of CMOS-compatible PECVD deposited ultra-Si-rich-nitride
Authors: Cong Hui , Feng Qi , Zhang Jieyin , Wang Jianhuan , Wei Wenqi , Wang Ting , Zhang Jianjun
Published: July 2020

Benefitting from low propagation loss and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatibility, Si3N4 is heavily explored for the applications of nonlinear optical signal processing. However, the Si3N4 waveguide is limited by its low optical Kerr nonlinearity. In this work, we introduce highly nonlinear ultra-Si-rich-nitride (USRN) deposited by the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The measured linear refractive index of USRN is 3.09 at a wavelength of 1550 nm, while the Kerr nonlinearity of the USRN waveguide is experimentally extracted with a value of 2.25×10−17 m2/W. Moreover, a broadband wavelength conversion ranging from S-band to L-band by a four-wave-mixing experiment is realized via designed USRN waveguide with a relatively short length of 3 mm. The measured bandwidth is 190 nm with a continuous-wave pump laser located at 1530 nm. The conversion efficiency is measured approximately −48 dB under a relatively low pump power of 7 dBm.
Spin photocurrents in zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: From infrared to ultraviolet
Authors: Farghadan Rouhollah
Published: July 2020

Using the self-consistent non-equilibrium Green’s function model and the mean-field Hubbard approximation, we studied the possibility of inducing the spin-photovoltaic effects in zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons. We numerically showed that an applied electric field could induce a spin-semiconducting behavior with anisotropic and localized band structures around the Fermi energy in the antiferromagnetic zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons. Moreover, a tunable energy gap with an electric field could induce a spin photocurrent in a wide range of photon energies. Interestingly, increasing the electric field strength induces the spin-valve effect from terahertz to infrared irradiation. Furthermore, ferromagnetic zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons reveal a spin-dependent photoresponsivity, which is induced by infrared to ultraviolet frequencies. These results could enhance photovoltaic effects with a generation of the spin photocurrent in phosphorene junctions.