bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The identity of Hamilton’s Ticto Barb, Pethia ticto (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: KATWATE UNMESH , RAGHAVAN RAJEEV , DAHANUKAR NEELESH
Published: June 2015

While describing the fishes of Ganges, Hamilton described Cyprinus ticto (now allocated to Pethia) from south-eastern parts of Bengal. The unavailability of type material and insufficient diagnostic characters in the original description resulted in ambiguities in the identity of this species. In this paper, we clarify the identity of P. ticto through an integrative-taxonomic approach. Pethia ticto can be distinguished from all other known species of the genus by a combination of characters that includes an abbreviated lateral line with 6–12 pored scales; 23–26 scales in lateral-scale row; 9 predorsal scales; ½4/1/3½–4 scales in transverse series; and a pigmentation pattern that includes a small black humeral spot covering the third and fourth lateral-line scales, a prominent spot on the caudal peduncle on the 16th–19th scales of the lateral-line scale row, and two rows of black spots scattered on the dorsal fin.
Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam
Authors: HUYNH CUONG , VEENSTRA ANNEKE A.
Published: June 2015

A new species of penicillate millipede, from genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae), was collected from Trang Bom and Dinh Quan, within the Dong Nai province, southern Vietnam. Taxonomic characteristics of the genus Monographis Attems, 1907, were used to formally describe this new species. Sensilla of the 6th antennal article and claw structures of Monographis dongnaiensis were compared with those of M. tamoyoensis, M. yunnanensis and M. queenslandicus. Genomic DNA of M. dongnaiensis was compared with the DNA of other species within the genus Monographis. Monographis dongnaiensis is confirmed as the ninth member of the genus Monographis and named Monographis dongnaiensis after the collection site Dong Nai province in Vietnam.
Rediscovery and redescription of Leodice laurillardi (Quatrefages, 1866) comb. nov. (Annelida: Eunicidae)—a rare European polychaete or just an overlooked species?
Authors: ARIAS ANDRÉS , FERNÁNDEZ-ÁLVAREZ FERNANDO Á. , MARTINS ROBERTO , ANADÓN NURIA
Published: June 2015

The eunicid polychaete, Eunice laurillardi Quatrefages, 1866, originally described from the central Mediterranean, has been discovered on the northern Iberian Peninsula, constituting the first report of the species since its original description. The new specimens are compared with the type collection and the species is redescribed. Furthermore, the species is assigned to the genus Leodice Savigny in Lamarck, 1818, based on information provided by re-examination of type material and the newly collected specimens. A summary of the complex taxonomic history of the species and a discussion of its current status are also provided.
Two new species of the genus Anthaxia (Anthaxia Eschscholtz 1829) from China, and notes on the related species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini)
Authors: BÍLÝ SVATOPLUK
Published: June 2015

Anthaxia (Anthaxia) kmoniceki sp. nov. and Anthaxia (Anthaxia) ungulata sp. nov. (China, Sichuan) both belonging to the A. (A.) nitidula Linnaeus, 1758 species-group are described, illustrated and compared with the most similar species. A short description of the male and new records of Anthaxia (A.) nitiduliformis Bílý, 1995 are given together with the notes on the bionomy of the species-group.
New records of the genus Clistopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from the Oriental region, with description of a new species
Authors: VARGA OLEKSANDR , RESHCHIKOV ALEXEY
Published: June 2015

A new species, Clystopyga longifemoralis Varga & Reshchikov sp. n., is described and illustrated from Thailand. Clistopyga latifrontalis (Uchida, 1941) is re-described and illustrated. Clistopyga nagatomii Kusigemati, 1984 is considered to be a junior synonym of C. sziladyi Kiss, 1959 (syn. nov) and also recorded from India for the first time.
Notes on the genus Conanalus Tinkham, 1943 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) with one new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: DU BAO-JIE , SONG QIONG , SHI FU-MING
Published: June 2015

The paper describes one new species, i.e. Conanalus bilobus sp. nov., and provides additional information on Conanalus brevicaudus Shi, Mao & Ou, 2008 (including female description for the first time), and Conanalus robustus Shi, Mao & Ou, 2008 from Yunnan, as well as illustrations of important morphological characters of Conanalus axinus Shi, Wang & Fu, 2005. A distribution map of the species of Conanalus from Yunnan, China is presented. The type material is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.
Assessing the “Statistical Accuracy” of the National Incident-Based Reporting System Hate Crime Data
Authors: Nolan James J. , Haas Stephen M. , Turley Erica , Stump Jake , LaValle Christina R.
Published: June 2015

The current study introduces a method to assess hate crime classification error in a state Incident-Based Reporting System. The study identifies and quantifies the “statistical accuracy” of aggregate hate crime data and provides insight from frontline officers about thought processes involved with classifying bias offenses. Random samples of records from two city and two county agencies provided data for the study. A systematic review of official case narratives determined hate crime classification error using state and federal definitions. A focus group sought to inquire about officers’ handling of hate crimes. Undercounting of hate crimes in official data was evident. When error rates were extrapolated, National Incident-Based Reporting System Group A hate crimes were undercounted by 67%. Officers’ responses validated complications involved with classifying hate crimes, particularly, incidents motivated “in part” by bias. Classification errors in reporting hate crimes have an impact on the statistical accuracy of official hate crime statistics. Officers’ offense descriptions provided greater awareness to issues with accurately interpreting and classifying hate crimes. The results yield useful information for officer training, understanding the true magnitude of these crimes, and a precursor for adjusting crime statistics to better estimate the “true” number of hate crimes in the population.
Medicaid Family Planning Waivers in 3 States
Authors: Adams E. Kathleen , Galactionova Katya , Kenney Genevieve M.
Published: June 2015

Effects of Medicaid family planning waivers on unintended births and contraceptive use postpartum were examined in Illinois, New York, and Oregon using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Estimates for women who would be Medicaid eligible “if” pregnant in the waiver states and states without expansions were derived using a difference-in-differences approach. Waivers in New York and Illinois were associated with almost a 5.0 percentage point reduction in unwanted births among adults and with a 7 to 8.0 percentage point reduction, among youth less than 21 years of age. Oregon’s waiver was associated with an almost 13 percentage point reduction in unintended, mostly mistimed, births. No statistically significant effects were found on contraceptive use.
The struggle over the identity of IR: What is at stake in the disciplinary debate within and beyond academia?
Authors: Grenier Félix , Turton Helen Louise , Beaulieu-Brossard Philippe
Published: June 2015

Since the inception of International Relations (IR) within university departments, its disciplinary status has been the subject of constant debate. Yet, the current literature on ‘the state of the discipline’ silences this debate either through IR’s assumed disciplinarity or conflation of debates about theory with the existence of IR. This Forum moves beyond this literature by explicitly engaging whether IR is a discipline or not and by enquiring how this status matters. Contributors rely on the sociology and philosophy of social science to call into question or affirm the disciplinarity of IR to argue whether IR is as a subfield of Political Science, a full-blown and autonomous discipline, or a hybrid field of interdisciplinary studies. Furthermore, contributors reveal the implications of the different disciplinary statuses regarding the academic institution, interdisciplinary possibilities and modes of organizing IR. Overall, these contributions aim to engage rather than close the disciplinary debate, creating further space for reflection.
States of mind: The role of governance schemas in foreign-imposed regime change
Authors: Paris Roland
Published: June 2015

How do foreign actors involved in ‘regime change’ decide which kinds of domestic governance structures to promote in place of the regimes they have deposed? Most of the literature on foreign-imposed regime change assumes that interveners make such decisions based on rational calculations of expected utility. This article, by contrast, contends that interveners are predisposed to promote political arrangements that correspond to their own governance ‘schemas’, or taken-for-granted assumptions about the nature of political authority. These patterns are examined in relation to the US-led regime-change invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. In both cases, the interveners appeared to be guided – and partially blinded – by their own governance schemas. Yet, if schemas have these effects, they should also be visible in cases where interveners held very different assumptions about governance and the ‘state’ than those held by US officials in Afghanistan and Iraq. To probe this possibility, this article also examines an older, non-Western case of intervention – the Mongol invasion and occupation of northern China in the thirteenth century – a case that yields similar results and highlights the need for additional historical research in this field.
LDA topics: Representation and evaluation
Authors: Omar Muhammad , On Byung-Won , Lee Ingyu , Choi Gyu Sang
Published: June 2015

In recent years many automated topic coherence formulas (using the top- m words of a topic inferred by latent Dirichlet allocation) based on word similarities have been proposed and evaluated against human ratings. We treat a wordy topic as an object and quantitatively describe it via normalized mean values of pair-wise word similarities. Two types of word similarities, thesaurus and local corpus-based, are used as the descriptive features of a topic. We perform topic classification using represented topics as input and bi-level human ratings about topic coherence as class labels. Classification results (precision, recall and accuracy) based on two datasets and three supervised classification algorithms suggest that the novel topic representation is consistent with human ratings. Corpus-based word similarities are positively correlated with human ratings whereas thesaurus-based similarities have negative relations. The proposed representation of topics opens a window for us to investigate the utilization of topics with different perspectives.
How library and information science faculty perceive and engage with open access
Authors: Peekhaus Wilhelm , Proferes Nicholas
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the inferential analysis of a systematic survey of North American library and information science (LIS) faculty awareness of, attitudes towards and experience with open-access scholarly publishing. The study reveals that engagement with open access is related to faculty rank and perceptions about tenure and promotion committee assessments of open-access publications. The perceived constraints of the tenure and promotion system within the academy impact LIS faculty engagement with open-access publishing in ways found in other academic disciplines. However, those who themselves engage with open access tend to assess publications in such venues more favourably than those without such publishing experience and are similarly more predisposed to believe that tenure and promotion committees would evaluate such publications favourably. Nonetheless, while in general it is clear that experience with open access reduces some of the concerns about the effects of this type of scholarly publishing on career opportunities, there remains a substantial amount of equivocacy among LIS faculty about open access.
Drug‐Induced Sedation Endoscopy in the Evaluation of OSA Patients with Incomplete Oral Appliance Therapy Response
Authors: Kent David T. , Rogers Robert , Soose Ryan J.
Published: June 2015

Objective

To use drug‐induced sedation endoscopy (DISE) to identify locations and patterns of residual collapse in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with incomplete response to oral appliance therapy (OAT).

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Academic multidisciplinary sleep practice.

Subjects and Methods

Thirty‐five consecutively screened adult patients with OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intolerance and incomplete response to OAT (apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] >15 or AHI >5 with persistent subjective symptoms) who underwent DISE with and without the oral appliance. Data collected included demographics, body mass index, polysomnography data, and management decisions after DISE. Each DISE video pair was retrospectively scored using the VOTE classification system by the same blinded reviewer (R.J.S.).

Results

All patients had multilevel airway collapse at baseline. The palate was the most common location of OAT failure. Fifteen (42.9%) had persistent collapse of the velum during DISE with OAT, and 7 (20%) had persistent collapse of the epiglottis. Twenty‐three (65.7%) patients were offered targeted surgery based on DISE findings to augment OAT effectiveness. Twenty (57.1%) patients underwent additional medical therapy such as OAT adjustment or cervical positional therapy. Mean AHI was reduced from 37.4 at baseline, to 16.4 with OAT (P <. 01), and to 10.7 after post‐DISE intervention (P <. 78).

Conclusion

In patients with incomplete response to OAT, DISE with and without the appliance can identify residual anatomical locations of collapse, which may direct additional medical and surgical treatment options to augment OAT effectiveness. Further work is needed to determine if DISE affects outcomes.
The effects of music composition as a classroom activity on engagement in music education and academic and music achievement: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Hogenes Michel , van Oers Bert , Diekstra René F.W. , Sklad Marcin
Published: June 2015

The present study aims to contribute to the understanding of the effects of music education, in particular music composition as a classroom activity for fifth- and sixth-graders. The intervention (experimental condition) focused on a three-step-model for music composition, based on the Cultural Historical Activity Theory of education, and has been compared with a teacher-centered approach mainly based on students’ reproduction of music (control condition). Results indicated that after the six-month intervention period, students in the experimental group were more engaged in music education compared to students in the control group. The research did not show a statistical difference in learning outcomes with regard to intelligence, academic achievement and music achievement, although the students of the experimental group performed better with regard to reading comprehension than their counterparts in the control group. The authors conclude that music composition as a classroom activity is feasible and useful in elementary schools.
Combined administration of buprenorphine and naltrexone produces antidepressant-like effects in mice
Authors: Almatroudi Abdulrahman , Husbands Stephen M , Bailey Christopher P , Bailey Sarah J
Published: June 2015

Opiates have been used historically for the treatment of depression. Renewed interest in the use of opiates as antidepressants has focused on the development of kappa opioid receptor (κ-receptor) antagonists. Buprenorphine acts as a partial µ-opioid receptor agonist and a κ-receptor antagonist. By combining buprenorphine with the opioid antagonist naltrexone, the activation of µ-opioid receptors will be reduced and the κ-antagonist properties enhanced. We have established that a combination dose of buprenorphine (1 mg/kg) with naltrexone (1 mg/kg) functions as a short-acting κ-antagonist in the mouse tail withdrawal test. Furthermore, this dose combination is neither rewarding nor aversive in the conditioned place preference paradigm, and is without significant locomotor effects. We have shown for the first time that systemic co-administration of buprenorphine (1 mg/kg) with naltrexone (1 mg/kg) in CD-1 mice produced an antidepressant-like response in behaviours in both the forced swim test and novelty induced hypophagia task. Behaviours in the elevated plus maze and light dark box were not significantly altered by treatment with buprenorphine alone, or in combination with naltrexone. We propose that the combination of buprenorphine with naltrexone represents a novel, and potentially a readily translatable approach, to the treatment of depression.
Occupational therapy and European social reform: Complacent or contributing?
Authors: Renton Linda , van Bruggen Hanneke
Published: June 2015

This opinion piece presents an informed opinion on occupational therapy and social reform. It questions why only a few occupational therapists have responded to the social issues evident in Europe. It recognises that although some European occupational therapists worked with social reform before the introduction of the Bologna and Tuning Processes, both offered important direction in relation to considering society’s needs in occupational therapy education. These processes revealed social injustice, which underpinned a different occupational therapy education focusing not only on the individual but also on populations and social reform. Social reform projects including work in Eastern Europe are presented. Occupational therapists are urged to minimise complacency toward addressing social reform and are challenged to develop new approaches to contribute to social reform.
Perceived justice and creativity in crowdsourcing communities: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Zou Lingfei , Zhang Jinlong , Liu Wenxing
Published: June 2015

Crowdsourcing has provided firms with a new way to involve their users with innovation activities. By outsourcing innovation-related tasks to huge external crowds, companies can access diverse creative ideas. Despite the great potential of crowdsourcing communities, it remains unclear how to create the necessary community environment to drive the creative ideas of participants. The present research investigates the effects of community fairness on the creativity of participants in crowdsourcing communities. Justice theory indicates that three types of justice are positively related to the creativity of participants: distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice. Our research model is generally supported by a survey of 238 participants in one of the biggest crowdsourcing communities in China. We find that the three types of justice influence participants’ creativity through different mechanisms. Furthermore, idea generation and idea cooperation mediate the relationship between distributive justice, procedural justice and creative performance. Our study provides both theoretical and practical implications.
Exposé sur les conséquences éthiques des tests aléatoires de dépistage des drogues en milieu de travail
Authors: Christie Timothy
Published: June 2015

Le présent article traite des répercussions scientifiques et éthiques des tests aléatoires de dépistage des drogues en milieu de travail. Ces tests sont pratique courante, particulièrement dans les secteurs constituant un risque pour la sécurité, mais s’appuient sur peu d’analyses critiques. J’en conclus que ces programmes s’associent à des défis éthiques importants. Les employeurs doivent s’assurer que chaque aspect de leurs politiques repose sur des données scientifiques, est lié rationnellement à l’objectif de la sécurité en milieu de travail et est justifié sur le plan éthique.
A Thematic Analysis of the Motivation Behind Sexual Homicide From the Perspective of the Killer
Authors: Kerr Kevin J. , Beech Anthony R.
Published: June 2015

Using thematic analysis, this study explores the motivation to commit sexual homicide from the perspective of the perpetrator. In the process, it revisits motivational models and offender typologies that have been put forward to explain such offenses. From the homicide narratives of eight sexual homicide offenders detained in a high security hospital in the United Kingdom, four themes were found which appeared significant in terms of understanding the offenses committed. These themes were labeled as follows: (a) avenging sexual abuse, (b) events leading to a catathymic reaction, (c) homicidal impulse, and (d) emotional loneliness. Although these findings are not inconsistent with previous research, we argue that the current literature fails to capture the complexity associated with these offenses. We also argue that the context or situation in which sexual homicide occurs is a crucial feature of the offense, and one which has not been adequately taken into account by motivational models.
Comparison of Clock Test Deficits Between Elderly Patients With Early and Late Onset Depression
Authors: Klein Lisa , Saur Ralf , Müller Stephan , Leyhe Thomas
Published: June 2015

To compare clock test deficits in elderly patients with early onset depression (EOD) and late onset depression (LOD), we assessed 32 elderly healthy controls (HCs), 26 patients with EOD, and 27 patients with LOD with the clock drawing test (CDT), clock setting test, clock reading test, and the Tübingen Clock Questionnaire testing semantic memory about clock times. There was no significant difference in depression severity between patients with EOD and LOD. Patients with LOD had significantly lower scores on the CDT than patients with EOD and HCs. Semantic memory impairment concerning minute hand functionality was highly correlated with CDT performance and was significantly different between the EOD and the LOD groups. It can be suggested that significant differences in cognitive impairment severity between patients with EOD and LOD can be detected with CDT. Semantic memory impairment concerning minute hand functionality might affect CDT test results in elderly patients with depression.
Is There Evidence to Support Brand to Generic Interchange of the Mycophenolic Acid Products?
Authors: Phillips Karen , Reddy Prabashni , Gabardi Steven
Published: June 2015

The uptake of generic immunosuppressants lags comparatively to other drug classes, despite that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uses identical bioequivalence standards for all drugs. Transplant societies acknowledge the cost savings associated with generic immunosuppressants and support their use following heart, lung, kidney, or bone marrow transplantation. Seven studies of the pharmacokinetics or clinical efficacy of generic mycophenolate mofetil compared to the innovator product are published; all studies and products were ex-United States. Three studies did not demonstrate any pharmacokinetic differences between generic and innovator products in healthy subjects, achieving FDA bioequivalence requirements. Two studies in renal allograft recipients demonstrated no difference in area under the curves between generic and innovator products, and in one, the maximum concentration (Cmax) fell outside the FDA regulatory range. Two studies revealed no difference in acute organ rejection or graft function in renal allograft recipients. Patient surveys indicate that cost is a barrier to immunosuppressant adherence. Generics present a viable method to reduce costs to payers, patients, and health care systems. Adherence to immunosuppressants is crucial to prevent graft failure. An affordable regimen potentially confers greater adherence. Concerns regarding the presumed inferiority of generic immunosuppressants should be assuaged by regulatory requirements for bioequivalency testing, transplant society position statements, and pharmacokinetic and clinical studies.
A rolling mechanism with two modes of planar and spherical linkages
Authors: Wang Jieyu , Yao Yanan , Kong Xianwen
Published: June 2015

A novel deformable rolling mechanism is proposed in this paper. The mechanism can switch between two modes: a planar linkage mode and a spherical linkage mode. In the planar linkage mode, the mechanism rolls like a planar four-bar mechanism and moves along a straight line. In the spherical linkage mode, the mechanism rolls as a spherical four-bar mechanism and moves along a polygon. A standing posture, which likes an upright pyramid, of the rolling mechanism is also identified. After the description of the novel mechanism, the kinematic analysis of the mechanism is presented, and appropriate control strategies are proposed. Then, the rolling conditions of the mechanism are investigated based on the zero-moment-point theory. Finally, the various modes of the mechanism are verified by both simulations and prototype experiments.
How UK Climate Change Policy Has Been Made Sustainable
Authors: Campbell David
Published: June 2015

UK climate change policy is based on the advice of the Committee on Climate Change established under the Climate Change Act 2008. This Committee is an independent, expert agency established as part of the reconceiving of the regulatory state as a response to the neo-liberal critique of older forms of regulation. But the quality of the advice given in the Committee’s recent Fourth Carbon Budget Review is so tendentious as to barely be able to be described as advice at all. This grave shortcoming poses the most serious questions for contemporary constitutional and regulatory processes.
Climate Change Education in the Context of Education for Sustainable Development: Rationale and Principles
Authors: Mochizuki Yoko , Bryan Audrey
Published: June 2015

Although the role of education in addressing the challenges of climate change is increasingly recognized, the education sector remains underutilized as a strategic resource to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Education stakeholders in many countries have yet to develop a coherent framework for climate change education (CCE). This article underscores the critical role that education can and should play in addressing and responding to climate change in all of its complexity. It provides rationales as to why CCE should be addressed in the context of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Advancing CCE in the context of ESD, or Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development (CCESD), requires enhancement of learners’ understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and their readiness to take actions to address it. The article presents key organizing principles of CCESD and outlines key knowledge, skills, attitudes, dispositions and competences to be fostered through it.
A Case Study of Sustainability and Civic Engagement in a Sociology of Food Course
Authors: De Welde Kris
Published: June 2015

This article presents a case study of a ‘Sociology of Food’ course premised on issues of social justice and ethical and sustainable food practices. Through sustainability-inspired service-learning projects, students learn about the consequences of the industrial food system (e.g., farm-to-plate issues, local and organic options, animal welfare), as well as alternative, sustainable choices available to them in their communities and on campus. Students also learn about food insecurity and social justice through carefully chosen readings and assignments and experiential activities such as class trips and civic engagement projects. This particular case study illustrates the merits of sustainability curriculum coupled with service learning, through a ‘special topics’ course that adopts a sociological perspective on food.
Gendered Governing? Women’s Leadership Styles and Participatory Institutions in Brazil
Authors: Funk Kendall D.
Published: June 2015

Previous research argues that the leadership styles of men and women differ significantly, with women’s styles being more inclusive and participatory. I test this argument by examining whether women elected officials are more likely to increase citizen participation using data on the adoption of two different types of participatory institutions in Brazilian municipalities: participatory budgeting and participatory policy councils. Results suggest that women leaders are not inherently more participatory than men. Rather, the decision to initiate participation in a certain policy area appears to be a strategic choice. Mayors of both genders are likely to initiate participation in policy areas that appeal to constituents of the opposite gender and counter stereotypes: men are more likely to adopt participatory councils for women’s rights, children’s rights, and health care, while women are more likely to adopt a council for sports. These findings suggest that women’s styles of leadership are not inherently more inclusive than men’s. It appears that strategy, rather than style, likely determines whether a leader will be more inclusive.
Arthroscopic Evaluation of Syndesmotic Instability in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Watson B. Collier , Lucas Douglas E. , Simpson G. Alex , Berlet Gregory C. , Hyer Christopher F.
Published: June 2015

Background:

Ankle fractures are among the most common lower extremity injuries. Proper care requires evaluation for syndesmotic ligament disruption. Ankle arthroscopy has been proposed as an intraoperative tool that can evaluate stability. Our focus was to evaluate the amount of displacement produced in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes visualized through ankle arthroscopy in a cadaveric model.

Methods:

Seven below-knee specimens were mounted in a traction tower. Four groups were evaluated: no ligamentous disruption; anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament and interosseous ligament disruption; above plus anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament disruption; and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament and transverse ligament disruption. Force was applied and measured using a digital scale. The amount of displacement of the fibula in relation to the center of the incisura was measured under arthroscopic evaluation using a calibrated probe.

Results:

An intact syndesmosis and lateral ankle ligaments provided multiplanar stability. In group 2, syndesmosis diastasis was appreciated in the transverse-external rotation plane with as little as 6 lb of force. In group 3, a greater amount of displacement was appreciated with less force. Multiplane instability was visible in every specimen with as little as 2 lb of force. Group 4 specimens were completely disrupted and so grossly unstable that testing was impossible.

Conclusion:

Ankle arthroscopy has the potential to evaluate even partial disruption of the syndesmotic ligament complex. Instability in the sagittal and transverse planes was encountered early in the spectrum of disruption. Traditional evaluation methods have poor sensitivity for instability in these planes.

Clinical Relevance:

Arthroscopic evaluation of subtle displacement in multiple planes may assist the surgeon in understanding the extent of the syndesmotic injury. Further studies are necessary to determine to what extent instability requires fixation as well as the role for arthroscopy in assessing anatomic reduction of the syndesmosis after fixation is performed.
Evidence-based practice in times of drug shortage
Authors: de Lemos Mário L. , Waignein Sally , de Haan Marie
Published: June 2015

Shortage of oncology drugs is a particularly complicated issue because there are usually limited therapeutic options. Moreover, oncology practice may employ medications for supportive indications which differ from their main usage. This means shortage of oncology drugs is not usually addressed by the major drug shortage guidelines. We have previously shown that, during a shortage crisis, it is possible to make a recommendation on the use of an expired drug supply based on a reasonable estimate of its safety and efficacy. Here, we would like to share further examples on how to deduce potential therapeutic alternatives based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in the absence of direct clinical evidence in the literature.
Inflammatory bowel disease: The harmful mechanism of experiential avoidance for patients’ quality of life
Authors: Trindade Inês A , Ferreira Cláudia , Pinto-Gouveia José
Published: June 2015

This study aimed to test the effects of inflammatory bowel disease symptomatology and associated medical complications on physical and psychological quality of life and to explore whether these relationships are mediated by experiential avoidance. A total of 200 inflammatory bowel disease patients reported demographic and medical data and completed self-report instruments. Results revealed that the tested model presented an excellent fit, explaining 51 per cent of physical quality of life and 53 per cent of psychological quality of life. Inflammatory bowel disease–associated complications directly impacted on physical quality of life, and experiential avoidance significantly mediated the relationships between inflammatory bowel disease symptomatology and physical and psychological quality of life. These results highlight the importance of implementing psychological interventions for inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Re-visiting old ideas in order to craft an effective modern international environmental law regulatory framework
Authors: Madebwe Tinashe
Published: June 2015

The most compelling arguments which have explored how effective environmental protection could be secured through regulatory means have arguably been those that have proposed the turn to international environmental organisation-style institutions to direct regulatory efforts. Sadly, these proposals have been unable to compel real-world change because countries have been unwilling to cede their sovereignty over aspects of the environment falling within their territories to such institutions. I argue that, over time, countries have begun to change their attitudes with respect to their sovereignty over aspects of the environment falling within their territories. While this has been occurring, constructivists have presented compelling theories with respect to how effective international regulation can be achieved. These theories have lent greater validity to fundamental assumptions which informed arguments for the turn to international environmental organisation-style institutions to direct regulatory efforts. As such, based on what I consider to be countries’ changing attitudes and drawing from the compelling body of constructivist literature which has focused on what it takes to establish effective international regulatory frameworks, in this article I reconsider whether the turn to an international environmental organisation-style institution may now be feasible in the modern era.
A high-efficiency freeform reflector for a light-emitting diode low-beam headlamp
Authors: Wu H , Zhang XM , Ge P , Yu JD
Published: June 2015

A practical method is proposed for the design of a freeform reflector for light-emitting diode low-beam headlamps. The energy relationship between the solid angle of the light-emitting diode source and the target plane is first established. A freeform reflector is then constructed based on Snell's Law and the light energy redistribution maps are obtained by optimising meshing parameters on the target plane. By using this method, four reflectors are designed to constitute a module for the low-beam headlamp, and three different types of light-emitting diode sources are selected for simulation. Results demonstrate that the best light pattern can be obtained with the LUW HWQP light-emitting diode source whose chip size is 1.0 mm×1.0 mm, and the lighting distribution can fully satisfy the requirements of the ECE R112 regulations without any other lenses, shields or baffles. Furthermore, the optical efficiency can reach up to 79%.
Application-dependent spectrum optimization of four-package LEDs
Authors: Yao Q
Published: June 2015

This paper studies spectrum optimization of four-package LEDs to improve performance of light sources with respect to properties such as luminous efficacy and colour rendering as well as luminous efficacy of radiation under photopic and mesopic conditions and circadian efficacy of radiation for non-visual biological effects. For colour mixing of four-package LEDs, the proportion of each LED in the package follows a linear relationship as does luminous efficacy. For optimization of luminous efficacy of radiation and circadian efficacy of radiation, an inverse proportion function model is proposed. An example of spectrum optimization for a four-package LED shows that by using the proposed model, high performance can be achieved with different weighting coefficients for different applications.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Overweight and Obese Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: Ojukwu Mary , Mbizo Justice , Leyva Bryan , Olaku Oluwadamilola , Zia Farah
Published: June 2015

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among US cancer survivors; examine whether use varies by underweight/normal weight, overweight, and obese body mass index status; determine reasons for use; and document disclosure rates of CAM use to medical professionals. Methods. Data for 1785 cancer survivors were obtained from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey and CAM supplement. The prevalence and associations of CAM use in the previous 12 months were compared among underweight/normal weight, overweight, and obese adult cancer survivors. Results. Nearly 90% of cancer survivors used at least one type of CAM therapy in the 12 months preceding the survey. Those who were overweight, but not obese, were more likely to use a CAM modality compared to normal/underweight respondents. Over two thirds (71%) reported using CAM therapy for general health and wellness and 39.3% used CAM because a health care provider recommended it. Disclosure rates of CAM use to conventional medical professionals varied widely by CAM modality. Conclusions. An overwhelming majority of US cancer survivors use CAM for a variety of reasons. Overweight cancer survivors may be more likely to use CAM than those who are underweight, normal weight, or obese. Cancer survivors should be screened by medical providers for the use of CAM therapies; furthermore, prospective clinical research evaluating the efficacy and safety of biologically based CAM therapies, often used by cancer survivors, is important and necessary for the well-being of this population.
Anatomy of Corruption in the Nigerian Public Sector
Authors: Ijewereme Ogbewere Bankole
Published: June 2015

Corruption is a clog in the wheel of progress in Nigeria and has incessantly frustrated the realization of noble national goals, despite the enormous natural and human resources in Nigeria. The article reviews the concept of corruption in line with its forms and effects on the Nigerian State, as well as corruption in public service from Prime Minister Tafawa Balewa’s era to President Goodluck Jonathan’s administration. The article examines the idealistic, resource curse, two public, low risk–high benefit and anomie theories, and consequently adopts resource curse, low risk–high benefit theories to explain causes of corruption in Nigeria. Also, some personal observations and data from Transparency International are utilized to explain corrupt practices in Nigeria. The article concludes that there is corruption in the Nigerian Public Sector because of societal pressure, tribalism, nepotism, low risk–high benefits of involving in corruption among others. The article recommends some measures to combat corruption in Nigeria.
Don’t Leave U.S. Behind
Authors: Arellano Janice
Published: June 2015

This article examines the pace at which Federal and State legislation were implemented to provide working parents and caregivers the ability to take time off for the birth or adoption of a child, to care for the elderly, sick or disabled family members, and others in need of care. Compared with many industrialized nations, the United States ranks alongside the least generous countries in terms of providing a balanced lifestyle between work and family life. For instance, the United States does not even provide national paid family leave. This article provides the history, purpose, and scope of the Family and Medical Leave Act, and later implementations of State programs. Furthermore, this article will present a brief survey of the paternal, maternal, and parental leave policies of other countries and will provide suggestions for changing existing federal policies to provide a more conducive family and work balance for employees.
When Invisibility Is Impossible
Authors: de Souza Eloisio Moulin , de Pádua Carrieri Alexandre
Published: June 2015

The main goal of this article is to analyze the relationship involving subjectivity, embodiment, and labor activity among travestis and transsexuals. We recognize that bodies are invested by various discourses and power relations, which produce normal and abnormal bodies in society, establishing the intelligibility of the body through gender categories. Beyond that, the body is an active element in the production of one’s subjectivity. Transgender people are considered abnormal in the binary gender matrix of intelligibility, which makes them more susceptible to be stigmatized, discriminated, and socially excluded. As for labor, it has been observed that the bodies of travestis and transsexuals may represent an obstacle for the obtaining of formal jobs.
Test-Retest Reliability and Validity Results of the Youth Physical Activity Supports Questionnaire
Authors: Slater Sandy , Full Kelsie , Fitzgibbon Marian , Uskali Amber
Published: June 2015

As youth obesity rates remain at unacceptably high levels, particularly across underserved populations, the promotion of physical activity has become a focus of youth obesity prevention across the United States. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a self-reported questionnaire on home, school, and neighborhood physical activity environments for youth located in low-income urban minority neighborhoods and rural areas. Third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students and their parents were recruited from six purposively selected elementary schools (three urban and three rural). A total of 205 parent/child dyads completed two waves of a 160-item take-home survey. Test-retest reliability was calculated for the student survey and validity was determined through a combination of parental and school administrator responses, and environmental audits. The majority (90%) of measures had good reliability and validity (74%; defined as ≥70% agreement). These measures collected information on the presence of electronic and play equipment in youth participants’ bedrooms and homes, and outdoor play equipment at schools, as well as who youth are active with, and what people close to them think about being active. Measures that consistently had poor reliability and validity (≤70% agreement) were weekly activities youth participated in and household rules. Principal components analysis was also used to identify 11 sub-scales. This survey can be used to help identify opportunities and develop strategies to encourage underserved youth to be more physically active.
What Happens When Women Dominate Traditional Craft Industries
Authors: Almamari Badar
Published: June 2015

The Omani statistics for craft industries by gender showed that women dominate some areas of crafts, with a higher number of women than men in some craft centers. In light of this fact, this article investigated ways to take advantage of women’s predominance in the craft industries and the consequences for the identity of Omani society. It will draw on existing social, anthropological, and field data to discuss the subject.
Elastic modulus of 316 stainless steel lattice structure fabricated via binder jetting process
Authors: Tang Y. , Zhou Y. , Hoff T. , Garon M. , Zhao Y. F.
Published: June 2015

This study mainly evaluates the elastic modulus of 316 stainless steel lattice structures fabricated via binder jetting process. In this present research, both solid and lattice samples are designed and fabricated by binder jetting process for two different types of mechanical tests. Besides experimental study, a numerical model based on energy approach has been proposed to predict the effective elastic modulus of fabricated lattice samples. By comparing the calculated results of the proposed numerical model with the experimental results, the established model is proved to be validated. This numerical model can be used to determine the parameters of lattice structures fabricated by binder jetting process for desired mechanical properties. At the end, both advantages and disadvantages of the lattice structures fabricated by binder jetting process are analysed. Based on this analysis, the potential application and future research work are pointed out.
Descriptive analysis of sepsis in a developing country
Authors: Dagher Gilbert Abou , Saadeldine Mothana , Bachir Rana , Zebian Dina , Chebl Ralphe Bou
Published: June 2015

Background

Most studies on sepsis were conducted in developed countries. The aim of this study is to report on a series of patients with sepsis in a tertiary hospital in a developing country.

Methods

Patients admitted through the emergency department of a single university-based institution between January 2008 and June 2012, with a final diagnosis of sepsis, bacteremia, or septic shock, were retrieved. A sample of 97 patients was selected. Vital signs at presentation, number of SIRS criteria, use of vasopressors and steroids, and in-hospital mortality were recorded.

Results

The mean age was 70.09 ± 16.82, ranging from 19 to 96 years; 48.5 % were females and 51.5 % were males; 42.3 % of the patients were found to be bacteremic. IV fluid requirement during the first 6 h was 1.75 ± 1.96 l. The time for antibiotic initiation was 3.43 ± 4.48 h, with 87.6 % of the antibiotics initiated in the emergency department. Norepinephrine was the most commonly used vasopressor (38.1 %) followed by dopamine (8.2 %), and the inotrope dobutamine (4.1 %); 45.3 % of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and the remaining 54.7 % were managed on the general practice unit (GPU). A total of 30 (30.9 %) septic patients died. The 28-day mortality was 20.6 %. Deceased patients had greater vasopressor use, a longer stay in the ICU (p = 0.001), and a longer time to norepinephrine use (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

This is the first study providing an in-depth analysis of sepsis patients in a developing country, looking at in-hospital mortality, SIRS criteria utility, and at the overall sepsis management.