bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience of females to acute blood–brain barrier damage and anxiety behavior following mild blast traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hubbard W. Brad , Velmurugan Gopal V. , Brown Emily P. , Sullivan Patrick G.
Published: June 2022

Low-level blast exposure can result in neurological impairment for military personnel. Currently, there is a lack of experimental data using sex as a biological variable in neurovascular outcomes following blast exposure. To model mild blast traumatic brain injury (mbTBI), male and female rats were exposed to a single 11 psi static peak overpressure blast wave using the McMillan blast device and cohorts were then euthanized at 6 h, 24 h, 7 d and 14 d post-blast followed by isolation of the amygdala. After mbTBI, animals experience immediate bradycardia, although no changes in oxygen saturation levels or weight loss are observed. Male mbTBI animals displayed significantly higher levels of anxiety-like behavior (open field and elevated plus maze) compared to male sham groups; however, there was no anxiety phenotype in female mbTBI animals. Blast-induced neurovascular damage was explored by measuring expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-5), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and astrocyte end-feet coverage around the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Western blot analysis demonstrates that TJ protein levels were significantly decreased at 6 h and 24 h post-mbTBI in male rats, but not in female rats, compared to sham. Female animals have decreased GFAP at 6 h post-mbTBI while male animals display decreased GFAP expression at 24 h post-mbTBI. By 7 d post-mbTBI, there were no significant differences in TJ or GFAP levels between groups in either sex. At 24 h post-mbTBI, vascular integrity and astrocytic end-feet coverage around the BBB was significantly decreased in males following mbTBI. These results demonstrate that loss of GFAP expression may be due to astrocytic damage at the BBB. Our findings also demonstrate sex differences in acute vascular and behavioral outcomes after single mbTBI. Female animals display a lack of BBB pathology after mbTBI corresponding to improved acute neuropsychological outcomes as compared to male animals.
Serum Bilirubin Concentrations and the Prevalence of Gilbert Syndrome in Elite Athletes
Authors: Woronyczová Jana , Nováková Miroslava , Leníček Martin , Bátovský Miloš , Bolek Emil , Cífková Renata , Vítek Libor
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant and immunomodulating substance, which is also implicated in both cell signalling and various metabolic pathways. Mild elevation of systemic bilirubin concentrations provides substantial protection against many diseases of civilization. Rare published reports have suggested that serum bilirubin might also be relevant to sports performance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate serum bilirubin concentrations and the prevalence of Gilbert syndrome (GS) in elite athletes.

Methods

The study was carried out in 536 consecutive healthy elite athletes and in 2594 individuals of the Czech post-MONICA study representing the general Czech population. Serum bilirubin concentrations, the prevalence of benign hyperbilirubinemia > 17 µmol/L (1 mg/dL, a phenotypic sign of GS), and a variant of the UGT1A1 gene promoter responsible for GS manifestation in Caucasians (rs81753472) were evaluated in study subjects.

Results

Compared to the general Czech population, significantly higher serum bilirubin concentrations were found in elite athletes (9.6 vs. 11.6 µmol/L, p < 0.001), both in men (11.3 vs. 12.6 µmol/L, p < 0.001) and women (8.3 vs. 10.5 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of GS was also significantly higher in elite athletes (9.6 vs. 22%, p < 0.001) together with the tendency to higher frequencies of the genotypes (TA)7/7 and (TA)6/7UGT1A1.

Conclusion

Elite athletes have significantly higher concentrations of serum bilirubin, the most potent endogenous antioxidant substance known. Simultaneously, the prevalence of GS syndrome is also much higher in elite athletes, suggesting that a mild elevation of serum bilirubin might predispose to better sports performance.
Rational durability of optical properties of chameleon effect of Omnichroma and Essentia composite thermocycled in black dark drinks (in vitro study)
Authors: Abdelhamed Bassma , Metwally Asmaa Abdel-Hakeem , Shalaby Heba A.
Published: June 2022

Background

This study evaluated the durability of optical properties of chameleon effect of Omnichroma and Essentia composite thermocycled in black dark drinks. 180 specimens of 10 mm diameter × 2 mm thickness from each tested composite material were prepared; Omnichroma and Essentia. 60 specimens were thermo-cycled for 2500 and 5000 cycles in Coffee and Coca-Cola in addition to Distilled water as a reference group for color change evaluation. Color change (ΔE) was calculated and water sorption and solubility were measured after thermocycling for 2500 and 5000 cycles in different dark drinks and water. The surface chemical changes were assessed by FTIR. All data were statistically analyzed.

Results

In all tested groups, Omnichroma recorded the highest significant color change (35.80 ± 4.13) and sorption values (8.30 ± 0.48) on the contrary the least solubility value (− 8.29 ± 0.81) in all tested drinks after thermocycling to 5000.

Conclusions

Color durability of Omnichroma negatively affected in dark drinks. Water sorption of Omnichroma negatively affected after aging 3 and 6 months. Water solubility might not adversely affect the color change. Thermocycling in different dark drinks adversely affected the color stability of both selected Chameleon composite types.
MicroRNAs influence and longevity
Authors: Eshkoor Sima Ataollahi , Ghodsian Nooshin , Akhtari-Zavare Mehrnoosh
Published: June 2022

Background

MiRNAs play critical roles in the regulation of cellular function, life span, and the aging process. They can affect longevity positively and negatively through different aging pathways.

Main text

MiRNAs are a group of short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expressions at post-transcriptional levels. The different types of alterations in miRNAs biogenesis, mRNA expressions, and activities of miRNA-protein complexes can affect the regulation of normal post-transcriptional gene process, which may lead to aging, age-related diseases, and an earlier death. It seems that the influence of deregulation of miRNAs on senescence and age-related diseases occurring by targeting aging molecular pathways can be used for diagnosis and prognosis of them. Therefore, the expression and function of miRNAs should be studied more accurately with new applicable and validated experimental tools. However, the current review wishes to highlight simply a connection among miRNAs, senescence and some age-related diseases.

Conclusion

Despite several research indicating the key roles of miRNAs in aging and longevity, further investigations are still needed to elucidate the essential roles of miRNAs in controlling mRNA regulation, cell proliferation, death and/or protection during stress and health problems. Besides, more research on miRNAs will help to identify new targets for alternative strategies regarding effectively screen, treat, and prevent diseases as well as make slow the aging process.
Najmniej jestem tam gdzie jestem…: Listy Zofii z Vorzimmerów Breustedt z Warszawy i getta warszawskiego do córki Marysi w Szwajcarii (1939-1942)
Authors: Orman Elżbieta
Published: June 2022

IN THE LEAST I AM WHERE I AM: LETTERS OF ZOFIA BREUSTEDT, NÉE VORZIMMER, FROM WARSAW AND THE WARSAW GHETTO TO HER DAUGHTER MARYSIA IN SWITZERLAND (1939–1942) Vast scientific literature and source materials on the macro- and micro-history of World War II and the Holocaust have been hitherto published. It seems that almost everything has been already written about the tragedies of nations, families and individual persons of this time. Surprisingly, however, little has been published about assimilated Polish educated people of Jewish origin. During World War II, they were sentenced to death twice: because of their origin and intellectual formation. For we should not forget that one of the main objectives of the German occupiers, in addition to murdering Jews and people of Jewish origin, was the decapitation of the Polish intelligentsia, and consequently the “destruction of Poland as a functioning society.”Marcin Kula drawing our attention to this aspect wrote simply: The murder of the Jews was the murder of Polish citizens. A volume of correspondence Najmniej jestem tam, gdzie jestem. Listy Zofii z Vorzimmerów Breustedt z Warszawy i getta warszawskiego do córki Marysi w Szwajcarii (1939–1942) [In the least I am where I am. Letters of Zofia Breustedt, née Vorzimmer, from Warsaw and the Warsaw ghetto to her daughter Marysia in Switzerland (1939–1942)] becomes part of the anthology of important source texts about the human spirit in “inhumane” times. It is distinguished from other known documents of this type by its unique and complex context of the family life but also of various situations. For example, the fate of the members of the Polish-Jewish-German family in the years 1939–1942 reveals the mechanisms and consequences of the totalitarian Nazi system. is is not only an interesting study of micro-history and a case study, but also an important contribution to the research into the history of the extermination of the Polish intelligentsia of Jewish roots. “The fate of Poles, Jews and Germans in letters from World War II is usually presented using simple stereotypes that make the unlimited variety of individual cases be nothing but a description of a few basic aspects and social roles. How great this simplification is we may realize by reading this remarkable source” (Tomasz Gasowski).
Distributed 3D Printing of Spare Parts via IP Licensing
Authors: Zhang Yue , Westerweel Bram , Basten Rob , Song Jing-Sheng
Published: June 2022

Problem definition: We consider an OEM supplying a single part to multiple buyers over an infinite horizon. We study how the OEM can digitize the spare parts supply chain by leveraging 3D printing via intellectual property (IP) licensing. Academic/practical relevance: Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has the potential to shift supply chains from global networks that rely on centralized production with traditional manufacturing technologies to mainly digital networks with distributed, local printing. Particularly well positioned to drive this transition are original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) who design and produce capital goods. Methodology: We first set up a benchmark model of the traditional physical supply chain with centralized production by the OEM. We then propose the OEM to act as an IP licensor by selling spare parts designs, rather than physical parts. With the license agreement, a buyer can print parts locally through a third-party printing service provider, enjoying a shorter lead time and lower setup cost. Given a license, each buyer chooses whether to switch to the IP licensing channel or stay in the traditional channel. The OEM selects the license terms to maximize the total profit across both channels. Results: We characterize the OEM’s optimal license and the resulting supply chain configuration. We show that 3D printing’s competency in price plays a dominant role in production decentral- ization. The conventional wisdom that 3D printing is suitable for slow moving parts holds only when it is competent along several dimensions. In a numerical experiment with realistic parameter settings, decentralized production occurs in a surprisingly large number of cases, and the proposed new business model can significantly increase the OEM’s profit. Managerial implications: Our results indicate that IP licensing by OEMs can become a major enabler in the transition to digital supply networks with distributed 3D printing, benefiting all parties involved.
Star-Shaped Risk Measures
Authors: Castagnoli Erio , Cattelan Giacomo , Maccheroni Fabio , Tebaldi Claudio , Wang Ruodu
Published: June 2022

One of the mantras of risk measurement is the avoidance of risk concentration. However, most formal approaches to the topic actually require more than this. In “Star-Shaped Risk Measures,” Castagnoli, Cattelan, Maccheroni, Tebaldi, and Wang study this property “in purity” for monetary risk measures. They show that it unites value at risk and convex risk measures, it is amenable to aggregation of opinions, and it leads to treatable optimization, thanks to a meaningful functional representation. They also show its ubiquitous presence in several fields of decision making under uncertainty.
Lack of changes in motor function of the brain in healthy older adults after participation in a cognitive walking program
Authors: Wang Jinsung , Kim Byung-Hoon , Kang Suh-Jung
Published: June 2022

A walking-based exercise program, called the cognitive walking pro-gram (CWP), has been shown to be beneficial for improving cognitive function in healthy older adults. It remains unknown whether it is bene-ficial for improving motor function of the brain. We investigated the ef-fects of CWP on motor function of the brain by examining changes in interlimb transfer of visuomotor adaptation in older adults. Subjects were divided based on their physical activity level (active vs. sedentary) and participated in CWP. A control group performed normal walking. Fifty-two healthy older adults, 67–78 years old, were studied. All sub-jects participated in CWP or normal walking for 6 months. To assess brain motor function, all subjects adapted to a rotated visual display during reaching movements with the right arm first, then with the left arm. Interlimb transfer of visuomotor adaptation was assessed at base-line, 3 months, and 6 months after training onset. It was hypothesized that if CWP had beneficial effects, the extent of transfer would change over time. The subject’s physical fitness was also assessed. Significant transfer from the right to the left arm occurred in all subject groups. Im-provements in physical fitness were also observed. However, the extent of transfer did not change even after 6 months, with no group differ-ence. Findings suggest that though beneficial for improving cognitive function in older adults, participating in CWP for 6 months is not long enough to improve brain motor function when the motor function is re-flected as changes in interlimb transfer of visuomotor adaptation.
Physical exercise ameliorates memory impairment in offspring of old mice
Authors: Kim Tae-Woon , Park Sang-Seo , Park Hye-Sang
Published: June 2022

For humans, maternal old age means the age of 35 or older at the time of childbirth. Maternal metabolism not only affects the cognitive func-tion of the offspring, but also affects their physical and neurological de-velopment. This study aims to elucidate the effects of exercise training on spatial learning memory, neurogenesis, and apoptosis in the off-spring of old mice. Using mice, the offspring of old mothers showed im-paired spatial learning memory, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and postsynaptic density protein 95 levels, suppressed neuro-genesis, and increased hippocampal apoptotic cell death. In contrast, the offspring of the old mothers had improved spatial learning memory, increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and postsynaptic density protein 95 levels, increased neurogenesis, and decreased hippocampal apoptotic cell death when they received exercise training. The present results indicate that there is apparent spatial learning memory impair-ment among the offspring of old mothers, but by contrast, exercise can ameliorate spatial learning memory impairment. Exercise can be an ef-fective countermeasure against memory decline in the offspring of old mothers.
The veterinary nurse's role in the management of acute oropharyngeal injury in dogs
Authors: Kennedy Victoria , Aldridge Paul
Published: June 2022

Oropharyngeal injuries are commonly seen in practice. Severity can range from minor the life threatening. It is important that veterinary nurses can confidently perform an initial triage, recognise life-threatening problems, and provide initial stabilisation to these patients. Nurses play a fundamental role in the management of these cases throughout their stay in hospital. This article aims to provide practical advice and guidance on cases of oropharyngeal injury, and the importance of client education to help prevent similar cases in the future.
How to examine, take samples and prepare slides for diagnosis of canine ear disorders
Authors: Barry Jody Katy
Published: June 2022

Veterinary nurses play a vital role in ear examination, supporting veterinary surgeons in making their diagnosis. This article provides an outline on how to examine the ears of a canine patient, how to take a swab for cytology and how to prepare slides for examination.
Compact High-Brightness X-ray Source Based on Irradiation of Solid Targets by Gigahertz and Megahertz Bursts of Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Rimkus Lukas , Stasevičius Ignas , Vengris Mikas
Published: June 2022

We present results demonstrating a high hard X-ray flux (1011 photons/s) when metal targets are irradiated by a sequence of two femtosecond 90 W laser pulses, generated in GHz/MHz burst laser amplifier at 100 kHz.
Update on Laser-driven X-ray Sources at ELI Beamlines
Authors: Nejdl J. , Chaulagain U. , Mai D. , Hort O. , Lamač M. , Raclavský M. , Albrecht M. , Jurkovič M. , Finke O. , Vábek J. , Pulnova Y. , Bulanov S. V.
Published: June 2022

We report on the development of laser-driven X-ray sources at ELI Beamlines. Those include an XUV beamline based on high-order harmonic generation in gas, sources based on relativistic electrons accelerated by laser and plasma X-ray sources.
Composition determination of kidney stones via wide angle X-ray scattering at an inverse Compton X-ray source
Authors: Melcher Johannes , Günther Benedikt , Dierolf Martin , Achterhold Klaus , Pfeiffer Franz
Published: June 2022

For treatment of the kidney stones disease it is essential to know their composition. In our report, methods of crystallography are used for this analysis. The implementation, experiments and first results are presented.
Modeling of 3D paraxial x-ray superfluorescence based on stochastic differential equations
Authors: Benediktovitch Andrei , Chuchurka Stasis , Halavanau Aliaksei , Krušič Špela , Rohringer Nina
Published: June 2022

Intense focused XFEL pulses can produce atoms in the core-hole state thus leading to collective x-ray emission (superfluorescence). We will present a 3 D description of paraxial x-ray superfluorescence based on rigorously derived stochastic differential equations.
Commissioning of the Hard X-ray Split and Delay Line Unit for the MID Station at European XFEL
Authors: Lu W. , Friedrich B. , Noll T. , Hallmann J. , Scholz M. , Zozulya A. , Shayduk R. , Moeller J. , Boesenberg U. , Brausse F. , Eisebitt S. , Madsen A.
Published: June 2022

A hard X-ray Split and Delay Line unit is under commissioning for the MID station at European XFEL. In this contribution, we report on the technical commissioning of the device and the first X-ray results.
Formation of quasi-ellipsoidal sub-picosecond pulses in visible and UV-range
Authors: Kuzmin I.V. , Mironov S.Yu. , Martyanov M.A. , Poteomkin A.K. , Krasilnikov M.
Published: June 2022

A novel approach to quasi-ellipsoidal sub-ps laser pulses generating in visible and UV region is proposed. It is based on second harmonic generation at noncollinear interaction of frequency and angular chirped cylindrical laser pulses.
An exact theory for few-cycle optical-field-induced photoelectron emission from biased surfaces
Authors: Zhang Peng , Luo Yi , Zhou Yang
Published: June 2022

Our exact model for pulsed photoemission by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation analytically is valid for arbitrary laser pulse length from sub-cycle to continuous-wave excitation, and for arbitrary pulse repetition rate and carrier-envelope phase.
Focusing feasibility of PW laser pulses after nonlinear compression
Authors: Martyanov Mikhail , Mironov Sergey , Starodubtsev Mikhail , Soloviev Alexander , Kochetkov Anton , Ginzburg Vlad , Shaykin Andrey , Khazanov Efim
Published: June 2022

Spatially nonuniform beam shape induces an inhomogeneous phase during nonlinear pulse compression. It makes the beam focusing on a target a challenging task. In this work possible strategies for wave-front correction are considered.
Compact soft X-ray source for transmission cell microscopy
Authors: Samokhvalov A. A. , Sergushichev K. A. , Eliseev S. I. , Smirnov A. A. , Bronzov T. P. , Getman D. V. , Bolshakov E. P. , Timshina M. V. , Burtsev V. A.
Published: June 2022

This work presents a soft X-ray source. The emission lines of argon Ar IX-4.87 nm and carbon CV-4 nm were obtained. The results can be used for transmission soft x-ray microscope development.
Spectral Splitting of High Harmonic Generation in Extreme High-power Chirped Pulses
Authors: Levi Raz Halifa , Levanon Ori Ildis Assaf , Pomerantz Ishay
Published: June 2022

We present measurements of high-harmonics spectra generated from gas, when an extreme amount of temporal chirp is applied to a 20 TW peak power driving laser pulse.
High-Charge Electron Beams Generation Due To Direct Laser Acceleration In Subcritical Plasma
Authors: Tsymbalov I. N. , Gorlova D. A. , Ivanov K. A. , Savel'ev A. B.
Published: June 2022

It is demonstrated that injection of electrons can be reached with sufficiently dense but still subcritical micron scale thick plasma layer with subsequent DLA in the channel formed by the forward propagating pulse. In this case, an efficiency of 1 nC / J can be achieved for the TW laser facility with the pulse energy as low as 50 mJ
Generation of 2-Micrometer Wavelength Laser-Light to Drive EUV-Emitting Plasmas
Authors: Behnke Lars , Mostafa Yahia Y. , Schupp Ruben , Bouza Zoi , Lassise Adam , Bayraktar Muharrem , Sheil John , Hoekstra Ronnie , Ubachs Wim , Versolato Oscar O.
Published: June 2022

A laser system based on three-wave mixing is used to generate laser-light at 2-micometer wavelength. This system is used for in-depth studies of the utility of 2-micrometer-driven sources of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light in Nanolithography.
Analysis of Chirped Pulse Juxtaposed with Beam Amplification (CPJBA): A Nd:Glass Laser Architecture for Exawatt-class Peak-Power Pulses
Authors: Chesnut K.D. , Barty C.P.J.
Published: June 2022

Generalized design of an exawatt-class, high-peak-power laser based on a single-aperture, NIF-like, Nd:Glass beamline is presented. Results of a ray-trace model of the underlying, novel compressor configuration and gain effects in the amplifier are discussed.
Semiclassical Simulation of Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Bulk Metals under Intense Laser Fields
Authors: Tani Mizuki , Otobe Tomohito , Shinohara Yasushi , Ishikawa Kenichi L.
Published: June 2022

We describe ultrafast electron dynamics under intense laser irradiation based on the Vlasov equation. Our semiclassical simulation results are in excellent agreement with first-principles simulations and experimental references.
High Performance Compression of 515 nm Laser Pulses at kHz-MHz Repetition Rates for Ultrabright EUV High Harmonic Generation
Authors: Wang Siyang , Yan Jieyu , Brunner Will , Popmintchev Dimitar , Popmintchev Tenio
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a single-stage multi-plate compression of 515 nm second harmonic pulses of Yb:KGW laser amplifier from 180 fs to 40 fs, ideal for efficient EUV high-harmonic generation using 0.1-1 MHz visible driving lasers.
CEP-stable infrared OPCPA sources
Authors: Pertot Yoann , Thiré Nicolas , Maksimenka Raman , Bux Simone , Gitzinger Gregory , Villanueva José , Pinoteau Thomas , Forget Nicolas
Published: June 2022

We review several schemes to generate CEP-stabilized pulses based on a single supercontinuum generation followed by a difference frequency generation process, and their impact on CEP stability performances out of OPCPA systems.
TI-REX: a 5->20ns Temporally Shapeable and 1.4-4.4µm Wavelength-tunable Source for Nanolithography
Authors: Mazzotta Zeudi , Mathijssen Jan , Versolato Oscar , Eikema Kjeld , Witte Stefan
Published: June 2022

TI-REX is a self-seeded nanosecond (5-20ns) parametric amplifier with wide wavelength tunability (1.4-4.4µm) and high-resolution (0.25ns) temporal shaping capability. It enables systematic studies on laser produced plasmas and the wavelength-dependence of extreme-ultraviolet generation efficiency.
High average power TiSa amplifier for high energy, high repetition rate laser plasma accelerator
Authors: Pellegrina A. , Jeandet A. , Lavenu L. , Ricaud S. , Simon-Boisson C. , Vernier A. , Flacco A. , Faure J.
Published: June 2022

We report the demonstration of 100Hz, 300mJ TiSa amplifier. The amplifier is based on active-mirror concept, with efficient cooling capacity, and pumped by frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser emitting 700mJ at 532nm.
Highly Sensitive Room Temperature Heterodyne Detection with Stabilized Qc Lasers
Authors: Saemian Mohammadreza , Gacemi Djamal , Chomet Baptiste , Rudriguez Etienne , Todorov Yanko , Vasanelli Angela , Sagnes Isabelle , Pantzas Konstantinos , Beaudoin Gregoire , Lopez Olivier , Darquié Benoît , Sirtori Carlo
Published: June 2022

A heterodyne detection system, made with unipolar devices operating @4.5pm, reaches a record noise equivalent power of 200 fW at room temperature. Key elements of this setup are frequency stabilized QC lasers and high-speed detectors.
Preliminary range-resolved detection of stable water isotopologues by differential absorption lidar using a 2 µm parametric source
Authors: Hamperl Jonas , Dherbecourt Jean-Baptiste , Totems Julien , Mølster Kjell Martin , Canalias Carlota , Lee Cherrie , Zukauskas Andrius , Pasiskevicius Valdas , Santagata Rosa , Melkonian Jean-Michel , Godard Antoine , Chazette Patrick , Flamant Cyrille , Raybaut Myriam
Published: June 2022

We present a differential absorption lidar based on a single-frequency parametric source operating at 2 μm which was used for range-resolved measurements of the stable water isotopologues H216O and HD16O.
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy based on a Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Source for Plasma Study
Authors: Krebbers R. , Liu N. , Jahromi K. E. , Nematollahi M. , Harren F. J. M. , Cristescu S.M. , Khodabakhsh A.
Published: June 2022

We present a home-built Fourier transform spectrometer based on two mid-infrared supercontinuum sources with spectral coverage between 1.4 - 7.5 μm for CH4 plasma analysis and CO2/N2 plasma product analysis.
Accurate modelling of CW mid-infrared fibre lasers
Authors: Gupta Bhaswar Dutta , Hendry Ian , Tang Stanley , Broderick Neil G. , Erkintalo Miro , Aguergaray Claude
Published: June 2022

We present a comprehensive numerical laser model incorporating amplified spontaneous emission. The model agrees with experiments performed with different CW laser architectures and opens up possibilities for modelling mid-IR amplifiers by accurately predicting pump powers.
Comparison of Lithium Niobate Based Multicycle Terahertz Sources for Pulse Shape Control
Authors: Nasi Luis , Illés Gergő , Nazymbekhov Gabit , Pálfalvi László , Hebling János , Tóth György
Published: June 2022

Efficiency and pulse shape quality of lithium niobate-based multicycle THz pulse source conceptions were systematically investigated by high-level numerical calculations.
Dispersion Compensation in a 3 μm Wavelength OPCPA System by Shaping the 1.5 μm Signal Input
Authors: Hettel W. , Morrill D. , Carlson D. , Lesko D. , Wu T.-H. , Diddams S. , Kapteyn H. , Murnane M. , Hemmer M.
Published: June 2022

We report on phase and intensity pulse shaping of the 1.5-μm signal beam of a 3-μm wavelength OPCPA system. This shaper and associated algorithms enable in-situ optimization of nonlinear processes driven at mid-IR wavelengths.
Versatile Optical Frequency Synthesis Based on Multi-Seeded Femtosecond Parametric Down-Conversion
Authors: Roiz Mikhail , Vainio Markku
Published: June 2022

We experimentally demonstrate a method for generating versatile frequency combs based on multi-seeded femtosecond parametric down-conversion. This method produces a mid-infrared frequency comb with dividable repetition rate, tunable offset frequency and adjustable initial phase.
RF-Injection Controlled Quantum Cascade Lasers
Authors: Schneider Barbara , Täschler Philipp , Kapsalidis Filippos , Bertrand Mathieu , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme
Published: June 2022

In this work, we control the quantum cascade laser output state using microwave modulation. We demonstrate doubling of the spectral bandwidth as well as the generation of very narrow, approximately 1 ps wide features.
Beam shaping surface photonic structure for surface-emitting quantum cascade laser
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi , Hashimoto Rei , Kaneko Kei , Kakuno Tsutomu , Saito Shinji
Published: June 2022

A surface photonic structure to shape a laser beam profile for a surface-emitting quantum cascade laser that consists of a photonic crystal and an edge-emitting laser source is proposed here.
Comb-Calibrated Spectroscopy using a Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Comb in the Long-Wave Infrared
Authors: Komagata K. N. , Gianella M. , Jouy P. , Kapsalidis F. , Shahmohammadi M. , Beck M. , Matthey R. , Wittwer V. J. , Hugi A. , Faist J. , Emmenegger L. , Südmeyer T. , Schilt S.
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate that mid-infrared quantum cascade laser frequency combs are highly suitable as high-accuracy frequency references. We exploit a fully-stabilized quantum cascade laser frequency comb to perform spectroscopy with 100-kHz frequency accuracy at 7.7 μm.
Daltonization or colour enhancement: potential uses and limitations [Invited]
Authors: Lillo Julio , Moreira Humberto , Abad Laura , Álvaro Leticia
Published: June 2022

The main perceptual-cognitive limitations of CDOs (Colour Deficient Observers) are analysed, along with the uses and limitations of tools that either transform images so that CNOs (Colour Normal Observers) see them as CDOs (simulation) or transform images so that CDOs can use them as CNOs (daltonization). The four main uses of colour (comparative, denotative, connotative, and aesthetic) are analysed, along with their relation to, alternatively, the ability to discriminate colour stimuli or to categorize colours. These uses of colour are applied to analyse the possible effects of daltonization tools.
Interaction of an intense few-cycle infrared laser pulse with an ultrathin transparent liquid sheet
Authors: Ferchaud Clément , Jarosch Sebastian , Avni Timur , Alexander Oliver , Barnard Jonathan C. T. , Larsen Esben W. , Matthews Mary R. , Marangos Jonathan P.
Published: June 2022

We experimentally study the interaction between intense infrared few-cycle laser pulses and an ultrathin (∼2 µm) flat liquid sheet of isopropanol running in vacuum. We observe a rapid decline in transmission above a critical peak intensity of 50 TW/cm2 of the initially transparent liquid sheet, and the emission of a plume of material. We find both events are due to the creation of a surface plasma and are similar to processes observed in dielectric solids. After calculating the electron density for different laser peak intensities, we find an electron scattering rate of 0.3 fs-1 in liquid isopropanol to be consistent with our data. We study the dynamics of the plasma plume to find the expansion velocity of the plume front.
High resolution TCSPC imaging of diffuse light with a one-dimensional SPAD array scanning system
Authors: McShane E. P. , Chandrasekharan H. K. , Kufcsák A. , Finlayson N. , Erdogan A. T. , Henderson R. K. , Dhaliwal K. , Thomson R. R. , Tanner M. G.
Published: June 2022

We report a time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) imaging system based on a line-scanning architecture. The system benefits from the high fill-factor, active area, and large dimension of an advanced CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array line-sensor. A two-dimensional image is constructed using a moving mirror to scan the line-sensor field-of-view (FOV) across the target, to enable the efficient acquisition of a two-dimensional 0.26 Mpixel TCSPC image. We demonstrate the capabilities of the system for TCSPC imaging and locating objects obscured in scattering media - specifically to locate a series of discrete point sources of light along an optical fibre submerged in a highly scattering solution. We demonstrate that by selectively imaging using early arriving photons which have undergone less scattering than later arriving photons, our TCSPC imaging system is able to locate the position of discrete point sources of light than a non-time-resolved imaging system.
Probing ultrafast dynamics of soot in situ in a laminar diffusion flame using a femtosecond near-infrared laser pump and multi-color Rayleigh scattering probe spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liang Tianfeng , Fu Yao , Chen Shanming , Zang Hongwei , Xu Huailiang
Published: June 2022

Soot nanoparticles result from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, and have been exhibited, when released into the atmosphere, to be detrimental to air quality and human health. However, because of the inert and non-luminescent properties, probing the dynamics of soot in situ is still a challenge. Here we report a strong near-infrared laser pump and multi-color Rayleigh scattering probe approach to reveal soot dynamics in situ in a n-pentanol/air laminar diffusion flame at femtosecond time resolution. A size-dependent dynamical process of the pump-laser-induced soot swelling at femtosecond time scale and subsequent shrinking back to its original size at picosecond time scale is observed, in which both the swelling rise time and the shrinking decay time increase monotonically as the initial sizes of soot nanoparticles become larger. By characterizing the evolution time and intensity of the multi-color scattered probe light, the spatial distributions of different sizes of soot particles from the inception to the burnout regions of the flame are mapped, which provide useful information on exploring the formation and growth mechanisms of soot particles in flames.
Model for polymerization and self-deactivation in two-photon nanolithography
Authors: Johnson Jason E. , Chen Yijie , Xu Xianfan
Published: June 2022

A mathematical model is developed to describe the photochemical processes in two-photon nanolithography, including two-step absorption leading to initiation and self-deactivation of the photoinitiator by laser irradiance, polymer chain propagation, termination, inhibition, and inhibitor and photoinitiator diffusion. This model is solved numerically to obtain the concentrations of the reaction species as a function of time and space as a laser beam is scanned through a volume of photoresist, from which a voxel size or linewidth is determined. The most impactful process parameters are determined by fitting the model to experimentally measured linewidths for a range of laser powers and scanning speeds, while also obtaining effective nonlinearities that are similar to previously measured values. The effects and sensitivities of the different process parameters are examined. It is shown that the photopolymerization process is dominated by diffusion of photoinitiators and oxygen inhibitors, and that self-deactivation can lead to higher effective nonlinearities in two-photon nanolithography.
Measurement of the absolute radius, refractive index, and dispersion of a long cylinder
Authors: Couillard Mathieu , Bianucci Pablo
Published: June 2022

Long cylinders, such as optical fibers, are some of the most widely used photonic devices. The radius and refractive index of these fibers are therefore fundamentally important parameters in determining their performance. We have developed a method to determine the absolute radius, refractive index, and chromatic dispersion of a long cylinder using only the resonance wavelengths of the whispering gallery modes around its circumference for two different polarizations. Since this method only requires the measurement of resonance wavelengths, it is non-destructive and it can be performed using standard equipment. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the method on a 125µm optical fiber and an 80µm borosilicate capillary fiber with thick walls, obtaining values for the diameter and the refractive index with an accuracy of 2 nm and 2 × 10−5, respectively.
High-resolution elliptical Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope for implosion higher-mode instability diagnosis
Authors: Xu Xinye , Xu Jie , Mu Baozhong , Chen Liang , Ye Lianghao , Li Mingtao , Li Wenjie , Wang Xin , Zhang Xing , Wang Feng
Published: June 2022

High-resolution X-ray imaging diagnosis is a critical method for measuring Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth and hot spot interface morphology in inertial confinement fusion experiments. In this study, we develop a quasi-monochromatic elliptical Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope based on aberration theory, breaking the aberration limit of conventional Kirkpatrick–Baez microscopes. The microscope was characterized in the laboratory for spatial resolution performance and modulation transfer function before being implemented in cavity experiments at the SG-III prototype laser facility. The results demonstrate that the edge-based method achieves a spatial resolution of <2 µm in the central field of view and modulation of 800 lp/mm spatial frequency of >20%.
Generation of soft annular beams with high uniformity, low ring width increment, and a smooth edge
Authors: Wang Simo , Zhang Jiangyong , Li Fanxing , Yan Wei
Published: June 2022

In this paper, soft-edge toroidal amplitude filter (STAF) and soft-edge toroidal complex amplitude filter (STCAF) are designed according to the principle that soft-edge structures can eliminate diffraction. Based on the Mach-Zehnder interference principle, a double optical path compound interference modulation method that can generate soft annular beams is proposed by using STAF and STCAF. The 1/e2 radius and peak-to-average ratio (PAR) were used to evaluate the ring width and uniformity of the annular beam. Compared with the annular beams generated by STAF and hard-edge toroidal amplitude filter (HTAF), it can be found that the soft annular beam generated by this proposed method has the advantages of high uniformity, small ring width increment, and smooth edges. By analyzing the influence of the number and height of the sawtooth structures on the annular beam propagation performance, the relationship between the PAR and the structure parameters of the STAF was established. Moreover, three kinds of toroidal filters were designed by lithography processing, and an experimental system was built to generate the soft annular beam. In the experiment, the average value of the ring width increment of the soft annular beam is 0.0125, the PAR is less than 1.5, and the root mean square error of the PAR curve is 0.0865, which indicates that the soft annular beam maintains high uniformity during propagation.
Deep learning-based Phase Measuring Deflectometry for single-shot 3D shape measurement and defect detection of specular objects
Authors: Fan Luyao , Wu Zhaoxing , Wang Jie , Wei Chen , Yue Huimin , Liu Yong
Published: June 2022

Phase Measuring Deflectometry (PMD) and Structured-Light Modulation Analysis Technique (SMAT) perform effectively in shape and defect measurements of specular objects, but the difficulty of giving consideration to accuracy and speed has also restricted the further development and application of them. Inspired by recent successes of deep learning techniques for computational imaging, we demonstrate for the first time that deep learning techniques can be used to recover high-precision modulation distributions of specular surfaces from a single-frame fringe pattern under SMAT, enabling fast and high-quality defect detection of specular surfaces. This method can also be applied to recover higher-precision phase distributions of specular surfaces from a single-frame fringe pattern under PMD, so as to realize the 3D shape measurement. In this paper, we combine depthwise separable convolution, residual structure and U-Net to build an improved U-Net network. The experimental results prove that the method has excellent performance in the phase and modulation retrieval of specular surfaces, which almost reach the accuracy of the results obtained by ten-step phase-shifting method.
Switchable 2D/3D display based on a liquid crystal lens array and the rotating specimen shooting method
Authors: Tian Li-Lan , Chu Fan , Zhang Yuxian , Zhao Wu-Xiang , Li Lei
Published: June 2022

A liquid crystal (LC) lenticular lens array with auxiliary electrodes is proposed. The introduction of the auxiliary electrodes helps to obtain an LC lens array (LCLA) with relatively large aperture without complex structures. When the LCLA is in the focusing state, the voltage of auxiliary electrodes is less than that of edge electrodes, and the generated electric field in the LCLA can penetrate into the LC layer. Therefore, the ideal phase profile is obtained with a relatively thin LC layer thickness. Experimental results show that the LCLA has the characteristics of high optical power and low operation voltage. Based on the proposed LCLA, a multi-view 2D/3D switchable display is realized. In the experiment, a series of parallax images is obtained by rotating the sample to replace the convergence shooting method for 3D imaging. Compared with other 2D/3D switchable display devices, the multi-view 2D/3D switchable display based on the LCLA is characterized by being thin and compact, and displaying no moiré pattern.
Air-gap Fabry–Pérot cavity filtered 30 nm broadband electro-optic frequency combs for high-order coherent communications
Authors: Zhang Chenbo , Zhu Yixiao , He Bibo , Liu Rongwei , Chen Zhangyuan , Hu Weiwei , Xie Xiaopeng
Published: June 2022

Broadband electro-optic (EO) frequency combs, which have flexible and high repetition frequencies, are prospective light sources for dense-wavelength-division-multiplexed coherent optical communications. In most cases, nonlinear spectral broadening and amplification procedures are needed to achieve broadband and high-power EO frequency combs. This leads to a low optical carrier-to-noise ratio (OCNR) for comb lines, limiting the transmission capacity. Here, we propose to use an air-gap Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity to improve the OCNR for all the comb lines covering a 30 nm broadband spectrum. A 12 dB OCNR (0.1 nm bandwidth) improvement is obtained experimentally via using an FP cavity with ∼790 MHz bandwidth. We apply a 150-channel filtered EO comb with 25 GHz channel spacing and load 20 GBaud signals on each comb line to demonstrate the effect of OCNR improvement. The 137/150 channels have a bit error rate below the threshold of soft-decision forward error correction when using the 128 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) format. However, none of these channels can support this modulation format without cavity filtering. We also investigate dispersion tolerance and the long-term stability when using an air-gap FP cavity, highlighting its advantages. Our results show a practical solution to boost the transmission capacity when applying broadband EO combs in optical communications.
Juvenile hormone promotes paracellular transport of yolk proteins via remodeling zonula adherens at tricellular junctions in the follicular epithelium
Authors: Zheng Hongyuan , Wang Ningbo , Yun Jiaqi , Xu Huijing , Yang Jiebing , Zhou Shutang
Published: June 2022

Juvenile hormone (JH) acts as a gonadotrophic hormone stimulating insect vitellogenesis and oogenesis. Paracellular transport of yolk proteins through intercellular channels (patency) in the follicular epithelium is a developmentally regulated and evolutionarily conserved process during vitellogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying patency opening are poorly understood. Using the migratory locust Locusta migratoria as a model system, we report here that JH-regulated remodeling of zonula adherens (ZA), the belt-like adherens junction maintaining physical linking between follicle cells controlled the opening of patency. JH triggered phosphorylation of Partitioning defective protein 3 (Par3) via a signaling cascade including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), small GTPase Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) and atypical Protein kinase C (aPKC). Par3 phosphorylation resulted in its disassociation from β-Catenin, the cytoplasmic partner of ZA core component E-Cadherin. Release of Par3 from the β-Catenin/E-Cadherin complex caused ZA disassembly at tricellular contacts, consequently leading to patency enlargement. This study provides new insight into how JH stimulates insect vitellogenesis and egg production via inducing the opening of paracellular route for vitellogenin transport crossing the follicular epithelium barrier.
Laundry detergent promotes allergic skin inflammation and esophageal eosinophilia in mice
Authors: Tanzer Jamie , Meng Di , Ohsaki Asa , Caldwell Julie M. , Mingler Melissa K. , Rothenberg Marc E. , Oyoshi Michiko K.
Published: June 2022

The prevalence of allergic diseases is on the rise, yet the environmental factors that contribute to this increase are still being elucidated. Laundry detergent (LD) that contains cytotoxic ingredients including microbial enzymes continuously comes into contact with the skin starting in infancy. An impaired skin barrier has been suggested as a route of allergic sensitization. We hypothesized that exposure of skin to LD damages the skin barrier resulting in systemic sensitization to allergens that enter through the impaired skin barrier. Mouse skin samples exposedin vitroto microbial proteases or LD exhibited physical damage, which was more pronounced in neonatal skin as compared to adult skin. Exposure of the skin to microbial proteasesin vitroresulted in an increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). BALB/c wild type mice epicutaneously exposed to LD and ovalbumin (OVA) showed an increase in levels of transepidermal water loss, serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE antibodies, and a local increase ofIl33,Tslp,Il4andIl13compared with LD or OVA alone. Following intranasal challenge with OVA, mice epicutaneously exposed to LD showed an increase in allergen-induced esophageal eosinophilia compared with LD or OVA alone. Collectively, these results suggest that LD may be an important factor that impairs the skin barrier and leads to allergen sensitization in early life, and therefore may have a role in the increase in allergic disease.