bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UTILIZING THE RESULTS OF UJIAN TAHAP BERSAMA AS SELF-REFLECTION FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Akbar Resti Rahmadika , Garcia Regilda , Khomeini Khomeini
Published: December 2023

Background: Ujian Tahap Bersama is a form of formative exam initiated by AIPKI tomake students think and explore what they have learned. The results of the UjianTahap Bersama can be used as material for self-reflection by students to build,identify, and realize the extent of understanding of the knowledge that has beenobtained by students. This study aims to determine the utilization of the results of theUjian Tahap Bersama as material for self-reflection for students of the Faculty ofMedicine class of 2017 and 2018 at Universitas Baiturrahmah.Methods: This study used a mixed methods method that begins with a quantitativeand cross-sectional approach using secondary data. The results of the Ujian TahapBersama 1 and 2, namely the 2017 and 2018 batches and selected using a totalsampling technique using G-form to fill in the Graham Gibbs reflection of 30respondent. The results of Graham Gibbs' reflections were followed by in-depthinterviews with 7 respondents whose answers were not saturated.Results: Based on UTB marks the average ability of the 2018 class is higher thanthe 2017 class. The results of Graham Gibbs' reflection through the G-form showedthat students of the 2017 and 2018 batches were categorized into themes ofdescription, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan. The results ofthe in-depth interviews were categorized into positive and negative response themesusing Kirkpatrick 1 conceptConclusion: Based on the Kirkpatrick concept, the results of the UTB can be usedas material for reflection to improve student performance
Upaya Penyadaran Petani dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Lahan melalui Pemanfaatan Limbah Pertanian untuk Mencapai Sistem Pertanian Bawang Merah Berkelanjutan
Authors: Cahyo Wulandari  , Muhammad Afif Syaifurrahman  , Tri Wulandani  , Hema Malini
Published: December 2023

Penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida sintetis di Desa Tempel telah melebihi batas yang dianjurkan. Pola penanaman bawang merah secara terus menerus dan minimnya pengolahan lahan juga berdampak pada sulitnya pengendalian hama dan penyakit serta menurunnya kualitas lahan. Peningkatan kualitas tanah dapat diupayakan melalui pemberian bahan organik. Salah satu sumber bahan organik bisa didapatkan dari limbah pertanian. Limbah pertanian berupa jerami dan sekam padi tersedia dalam jumlah banyak di Desa Tempel. Selain itu, eceng gondok yang melimpah karena terjadinya eutrofikasi di perairan juga merupakan sumber bahan organik. Selama ini limbah pertanian dan eceng gondok yang tersedia melimpah di Desa Tempel belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Program ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah pertanian dan eceng gondok menjadi pupuk dan bahan pembenah tanah serta meningkatkan kesadaran petani akan pentingnya konsep pertanian berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan, yaitu observasi lapangan, diskusi kelompok terfokus, sosialisasi, dan pelatihan. Program pelatihan yang dilakukan kepada petani meliputi pembuatan arang hayati (biochar) dan kompos. Melalui program ini, petani memahami dampak negatif dari sistem pertanian intensif dengan pemberian input pupuk dan pestisida sintetis yang berlebihan. Petani juga memahami cara pembuatan biochar dan kompos dari limbah pertanian dan eceng gondok. Berdasarkan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa limbah pertanian dan eceng gondok yang tersedia dalam jumlah banyak dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi pupuk dan pembenah tanah sebagai upaya mengimplementasikan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan.
Adherence to pharmacological treatment of systemic arterial hypertension in primary care
Authors: Maciel Arthur Vinicius Alves , Nunes Tainá Crisóstomo , Gomes Ana Julia Coelho , Mescouto Luana Teles , Cordeiro Junior Jesiel Menezes , Lima Cristiane dos Santos , Souza Letícia Keren Rodrigues de , Nascimento Andressa Schmidt do , Farias Krysna Gabriely Carvalho , Menezes Leticia Esperança de Oliveira , Diniz Lilian Coelho Heringer , Bezerra Lucas Oliveira , Nunes Priscilla Miranda , Desteffani Karine Gomes Bandeira , Hermes Fernanda Silva , Leal Aniele de Lima , Feio Ana Paula Silva , Valente Thais Costa , Almeida Valeria Pereira Rezende de , Lopes Lorenzo de Barros , Figueiredo Cecília Farias de , Silva Mara Iza Alves , Rocha Eduardo , Cabral Edimilson Lopes , Pinheiro Naylane Sousa , Barbosa Dienyelle de Nazaré Costa , Dias Pedro Thiago Malcher de Amorim , Menezes Lucas Batista de , Milhomem Isabelle Martins , Neves Arthur Araújo , Silva Jaine Cardoso da , Nunes Amanda Aguiar Martins , Franco Amanda Lima , Mendonça Maria Helena Rodrigues de
Published: December 2023

Systemic arterial hypertension is defined as a persistent increase in blood pressure levels, which can occur due to a number of factors and is considered a multifactorial disease. Objective: To assess adherence to pharmacological treatment for hypertension in primary care patients. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, individualized study of patients in the hypertension control program at a health unit in Belém do Pará, Brazil, in 2020. A questionnaire was used to collect information, which was then tabulated and evaluated using statistical methods. Results: 42 hypertensive patients were assessed, with a higher prevalence of males, aged between 61 and 70 and with an income of less than 1 minimum wage. Discussion: Patients who needed support to take their medication were the ones who forgot to take it the most, with a statistical difference, as were those who were less informed about the risks of the disease. Conclusion: Hypertension is a public health problem due to its prevalence and the complications associated with its evolution. Investing in raising awareness about the risks of the disease and strengthening primary care are ways of improving patient adherence to treatment for this pathology.
Proximate Composition, Energy and Nutritional Value of Local Malt (Asaana) Prepared from Maize in Ghana
Authors: Benjamin Bartels , Ama Atakora Priscilla , Yao Gadzekpo Victor Patrick
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: “Asaana” is a local malt consumed by majority of Ghanaians of all ages in all the cultures due to its refreshing and nutritional benefits. Since traditional women and methods prepare it, no nutritional information is available during sale. In addition, research data about it is very scanty. This study therefore aims at determining its nutritional and potential energy value to enrich the existing data. Method: The study focused on two types of Asaana preparations. A sample from a local producer prepared by the traditional recipe; and another prepared in the laboratory from two varieties of maize (yellow and white) according to the traditional recipe. Proximate analysis and energy evaluation done to determine nutritional value and energy potential. Results: The white variety had higher moisture (94.20± 0.01%), P (6324.16 ±36.31µg/g), K (6162.76± 128.07 µg/g), Na (718.08± 4.51 µg/g), Zn (865.65± 9.09 µg/g) contents and fat energy (0.44kj/g). The yellow variety recorded higher dry matter (7.39 ± 0.00%), and carbohydrate (88.33± 0.20%) contents and carbohydrate energy (15.0 kj/g). The traditional preparation had higher protein (8.95± 0.11%), fat (1.40± 0.03%), fibre (4.04± 0.08%), Ca (11600 ±76.68 µg/g), Mg (2000.48± 28.20 µg/g), Fe(300.45 ±9.86 µg/g)contents and Protein energy(1.52kj/g). Conclusion: “Asaana” is potentially nutritious and provides basic energy needed for physiological activities.
Exploring Challenges and Opportunities for Entrepreneurs in India: Integrating Design Thinking and the PESTLE Framework
Authors: Agarwal Rewa
Published: December 2023

India's entrepreneurship is at a crossroads, with a mix of problems and opportunities necessitating innovative approaches to tasks in order to achieve long-term success. This research dives into the terrain in depth, with an emphasis on combining Design Thinking with the PESTLE (Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) framework. The study used a qualitative technique to investigate common themes through content analysis of secondary sources. Based on the findings, three key challenges are highlighted, including financial, social, and technological difficulties, and solutions are presented utilising the PESTLE framework. Therefore, this research provides Indian entrepreneurs the benefit to overcome difficulties and create the road for long-term success and societal impact by incorporating Design Thinking and the PESTLE framework as fundamental components of their entrepreneurial journey.
Fire Resistant Design of Steel Structure
Authors: Panwar Aanchal
Published: December 2023

Abstract: When the steel structure is exposed to fire or elevated temperature is an extreme condition that leads to change in materials properties, consequently, change in overall behavior is expected. The strength of steel at high temperature of 550°C, hot rolled structural steel will retain 60% of its room temperature load capacity and would withstand before collapse. Research has shown, however, that the limiting temperature of a structural steel member is not fixed at 550°C but varies according to two factors, the temperature profile and the load. Many research efforts were devoted toward evaluation of materials performance when exposed to fire and high temperature events. Therefore, design of structures should incorporate measures to mitigate or prevent destruction of the structure while safeguarding safety issues related to human occupancy. Structures exposed to high temperature events (fire) are usually investigated to evaluate their structure integrity and performance. Several active and passive fire protection approaches could be taken to minimize or control the impact of fire on structures and their components; however, the change of materials properties and the loss of structure stiffness require comprehensive evaluation of the structure’s performance to recommend the subsequent actions. In this paper, design recommendations and codes requirements for fire resistant design of steel structure according to Eurocode 3 are discussed.
Fall Detection for Elderly People Using Machine Learning
Authors: Shreya L. Lakshmi
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Falling down is among the most common causes of medical attention required by the elderly people . Elderly people often injure themselves from falling down more especially when they are living alone. After a fall occurs, medical attention needs to be provided promptly in order to reduce the risk of victim . Several technologies have been developed which utilize webcams to monitor the activities of elderly people. However, the cost of operation and installation is expensive and only applicable for. Fall is one the major cause of death for older people. Detecting the fall plays a major role in saving lives. There are three different types of fall detection commonly used , such as wearable, ambient sensor and vision-based methods.If elderly people falls then it will put severe effect on their health and technology is helping humans in every aspect of their life and in this paper author is using machine learning algorithm to predict FALL scenarios by analysing their movements. In propose paper author has used SVM and Decision Tree algorithms to train SISFALL dataset and this trained model can be used to predict fall scenarios from new test data. Sensors will be embedded with elderly people’s body and this sensor will record their movement such as Heart Rate, EEG and circulation and then give this input to ML model and ML model will predict current scenario or posture and alert to elderly people
FISIBILITAS PEMANFAATAN KOAGULAN ALAMI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KARET PADA PRODUKSI SIR 20
Authors: Achmad Feerzet , DEVIANY DEVIANY , Nuranisa Ayunda , Antika Rindi , SUHARTONO SUHARTONO , SUHARTO SUHARTO
Published: December 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memahami pengaruh koagulan alami pada karakteristik karet SIR 20. Koagulan alami yang digunakan yaitu mangga kweni, asam gelugur, manggis, ciplukan, dan rambutan, karena bersifat asam dan banyak ketersediaannya. Koagulan alami diekstrak dan selanjutnya langsung digunakan sebagai koagulan, namun ekstrak ini juga dilakukan sentrifugasi untuk mendapatkan ekstrak yang lebih bersih. Koagulan kimia yang digunakan sebagai pembanding adalah asam formiat dengan konsentrasi 2%. Volume koagulan sentrifugasi dan tanpa sentrifugasi yang digunakan adalah 75 ml dicampur dengan 150 ml lateks, sehingga terjadinya proses koagulasi dan menghasilkan koagulum. Koagulum dikarakterisasi sesuai mutu SIR 20 dalam SNI 1993:2017 meliputi parameter Po, PRI, viskositas mooney, kadar abu, kadar pengotor, kadar zat menguap, dan kadar nitrogen. Pengaruh karakteristik karet dengan koagulan alami tanpa sentrifugasi menghasilkan nilai Po tertinggi dari ciplukan sebesar 44, PRI tertinggi dari manggis sebesar 75%, viskositas mooney tertinggi dari manggis, ciplukan, dan rambutan sebesar 81 MU, kadar zat menguap terendah dari mangga kweni sebesar 0,31% dan kadar nitrogen dari ciplukan sebesar 0,02%. Sedangkan kadar abu dan kadar kotoran terendah dihasilkan dari koagulan alami sentrifugasi dengan kadar abu terendah dari rambutan sebesar 0,192% dan kadar kotoran terendah pada mangga kweni sebesar 0,20%. Penggunaan koagulan alami sebagai koagulan lateks menghasilkan mutu karet yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan koagulan kimia asam formiat 2%, tetapi penggunaan koagulan alami menghasilkan kandungan nitrogen yang tinggi. Koagulan alami dengan sentrifugasi dan tanpa sentrifugasi pada asam gelugur, ciplukan, rambutan yang digunakan telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-1903-2017 SIR 20.
Obračunska knjiga vakufa Hadži Alije iz Brčkog u Arhivu Franckeove zaklade u Halleu
Authors: Zahirović Nedim
Published: December 2023

U Arhivu Franckove zaklade u Halleu (Sachsen-Anhalt) čuva se obračunska knjiga zaklade Hadži Alije iz Brčkog. Hadži Alija je u Brčkom u prvoj polovici 17. stoljeća dao podići džamiju, vjersku školu za djecu, karavansaraj, skladište za sol, deset dućana, jedan kameni i tri drvena mosta. Hadži Alija je uvakufio i iznos od 173 600 akči i odredio da se ova novčana suma može davati na kamatu, a da se dućani i skladište za sol daju u zakup. Iz prihoda koji su dobijani od davanja novca na kamatu, kao i iz prihoda od zakupa dućana i skladišta soli, plaćani su službenici zaklade i popravke na objektima koji su joj pripadali. Kao uzimatelji zajmova pojavljuju se stanovnici kasabe Brčko. Oni su gotovo svi bili muslimani, a bili su većinom pripadnici vojničkog i vjerskog staleža i razni obrtnici. U nekoliko slučajeva kao uzimateljice zajmova pojavljuju se muslimanke iz Brčkog. Stanovnici okolnih sela koji su uzimali zajmove od zaklade bili su većinom nemuslimani. Dućane su zakupljivali obrtnici iz kasabe Brčko, ali i obrtnici i trgovci iz Beograda, Rače, Tuzle i Gračanice. U Brčko su dolazili i trgovci solju iz Oršove u današnjoj Rumuniji. Ova obračunska knjiga važan je izvor za gospodarski život kasabe Brčko kao i za njezinu topografiju u prvoj polovici 17. stoljeća.
Optimization Of a Sustainable Closed Loop Supply Chain Network (SCLSCN): A Modified NSGA-III Method
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering School of Graduate Studies  University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Harold Victor Jinn , Nwosu Ugochukwu , Shadrach Matthew Uzoma
Published: December 2023

For a generic closed-loop supply chain network (CLSCN), a mixed-integer Linear programing (MILP) Model was developed that simultaneously optimizes three of the fundamental elements of sustainability: cost, social impact, and environmental effect. Many real-world features of SC operations, which includes multiple products types, multiple echelons, multiple production technologies, and multiple modes of transportation, were all incorporated into the model during its development. As a result of the complexity of the model and need to provide Pareto front for decision maker, a novel hybrid NSGA III (HNSGA-III) was developed to solve the model. The Relative Gap was used result of the model was validated using the ε-constraint method. the algorithm parameters were tuned using Taguchi design then the performance of HNSGA III as compared to NSGA III, HypE and MOEA/D was assessed using RNS, SNS, IGD, CPU times and HC index. The result clearly shows the HNSGA III outperforms the other meta-heuristic algorithms. Keywords: Closed loop supply chain network, Sustainability, CO2 Emission, Multi-objective model, HNSGA III, NSGA III, MOEA/D, HypE   Victor Jinn, Harold Ugochukwu Nwosu & Matthew Uzoma Shadrach (2023): Optimization Of a Sustainable Closed Loop Supply Chain Network (SCLSCN): A Modified NSGA-III Method. Journal of Advances in Mathematical & Computational Science. Vol. 10, No. 4. Pp 45-70. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/MATHS/V11N4P4. Available online at www.isteams.net/mathematics-computationaljournal.
Blanket or tailored prescription of retainers in orthodontics: a questionnaire-based study
Authors: Al-Moghrabi Dalya , Alkadhimi Aslam , Abu Arqub Sarah , Fleming Padhraig S.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To explore retainer protocols and how they are influenced by orthodontic presentation and the nature of occlusal correction.

Materials and Methods

A prepiloted 45-item online questionnaire targeting orthodontists was developed. The questionnaire covered clinical preferences in terms of retainer type, fabrication, and follow-up during retention; the clinical indications for adjunctive surgical procedures; and the use of active designs to mitigate relapse in specific malocclusions.

Results

A total of 206 responses were obtained. The majority of the respondents prescribed maxillary removable and mandibular fixed retainers, with almost half (49.1%) reviewing patients for more than 1 year primarily in person (95.1%). The majority prescribed vacuum-formed (69.6%) 1-mm-thick (44.3%) retainers. Only 37.3% were aware of the type of material used, with polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer, followed by polypropylene, being the most common. Hawley retainers were preferred following nonsurgical maxillary expansion and with suboptimal interdigitation. A preference for clear retainers and/or fixed retainers was found in open-bite cases and deep-bite cases. Supracrestal fiberotomy was prescribed commonly (61.1%) for rotations greater than 90°. No retainer was rarely prescribed except after the correction of an anterior crossbite.

Conclusions

Blanket prescription of orthodontic retention is common, with limited awareness of clear plastic retainer materials. Future trials evaluating the effectiveness of approaches for retainer prescription based on the presenting malocclusion would be timely.
3Cr12 Ferritik Paslanmaz Çeliklerin Gaz Metal Ark Kaynağıyla Birleştirilmesinde İlave Tel Türünün Mikroyapı ve Mekanik Özelliklere Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Cemil , TAŞÇI Serhat , ADA Hakan
Published: December 2023

3Cr12 ferritik paslanmaz çelikler, yapı çelikleri ile östenitik paslanmaz çelikler arasında bir korozyon direnci performansı sergilemekte olup, yapı çeliklerine yakın mekanik özellikleri ile bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada farklı ilave teller ile birleştirilen 3Cr12 ferritik paslanmaz çelik malzemelerin kaynaklı birleştirme performansı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ilave tel olarak ER308LSi, ER309LSi ve ER316LSi kaynak telleri kullanılarak gaz metal ark kaynağı yöntemi ile birleştirilmiştir. Birleştirme işlemi sonrasında gerçekleştirilen görsel muayenede herhangi bir hata görülmemiştir. Birleştirmelerden alınan numunelerin yapısal karakterizasyonunu belirlemek için, numunelere makroyapı ve mikroyapı incelemeleri; mekanik karakterizasyonunu belirlemek için ise; çekme, sertlik ve eğme testleri uygulanmıştır. Makro incelemelerde; kaynak metali (KM) ve ısıdan etkilenen bölge (IEB) açıkça ayırt edilebilmektedir. Kaynak kalitesini ve mekanik özellikleri olumsuz etkileyebilecek boşluk, çatlak ve nüfuziyet eksikliği gibi hatalar görülmemiştir. Mikro incelemelerde ise KM ile ana metal arasındaki yapısal değişimler ile ergime - katılaşma çizgisi açıkça tespit edilmiştir. Çekme testlerinde, ER308LSi tel ile yapılan birleştirmenin % uzama, akma ve çekme mukavemeti değerlerinin diğer tellerle yapılan birleştirmelerden çok az seviyede daha iyi sonuçlar sergilemiştir. Sertlik testlerinde, ortalama sertlik değerleri yaklaşık olarak ana metalde 150 HV, IEB’de 300 HV, KM’de ise 190 HV ölçülmüştür. Eğme testlerinde ise kaynaklı birleştirmelerin, yaklaşık olarak malzeme kadar süneklik sergilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Funeral rite in the mound of Scythian time near Vasyne
Authors: Kozyr Iryna , Panchenko Kyrylo , Chornyi Oleksandr
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to an analysis of the funeral rite from the mound near the village of Vasyne in Kirovohrad region. The site is located on the border of the Dnipro right-bank forest-steppe and steppe. The main Scythian burial was deposited in a wooden chamber on the ancient ground surface. A complex wooden burial structure of oak timbers constructed over it was partially burnt, but was well preserved. The remains of artefacts found in the burial site, including fragments of ancient amphoras, among them plump-throated Chios, thin-walled antique black-figured kylix, fragments of ceramic vessels, and animal bones. Undoubtedly, the most interesting find was a stone anthropomorphic stele of grey granite. The complex dates to the first quarter of the 5th century BC.
Trypillia culture pottery imports with attributes of the latest phase of the Trypillia CII stage in the Funnel Beaker culture settlement Zymne, western Ukraine
Authors: Rybicka Małgorzata , Havinskyi Andrii
Published: December 2023

When considering Trypillia Culture imports in the pottery assemblage of the Funnel Beaker Culture settlement in Zymne, many scholars have emphasized the significance of this evidence when conceptualizing connections between communities of both Cultures, and also highlight the chronological aspects of the matter. The available data make it possible to associate pottery assemblage from Zymne with Gordineşti group of the Trypillia CII stage which dates back to the time range from 3300 until 3000/2950 BC and corresponds to occupation phase II of the Funnel Beaker Culture in Gródek.
Yampil barrows from the fourth and IIIrd millenium BC in the light of Polish-Ukrainian investigations 2010-2014
Authors: Kośko Aleksander , Viktor I. Klochko , Mikhailo Potupchyk , Włodarczak Piotr , Danuta Żurkiewicz
Published: December 2023

In the vicinity of Yampil (Vinnytsia oblast, Ukraine), there exists a cluster of barrows dating back to the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age. Nestled upon the Podillia Upland, this concentration lies at the crossroads of two cultural spheres: the Eastern European steppe and Central European. The exploration of the Yampil barrows began during the 1980s by archaeologists from Vinnytsia. This endeavor  was enriched by a Polish-Ukrainian expedition that conducted fieldwork from 2010 to 2014. Seven barrows were then examined. Today, an abundance of radiocarbon data empowers us to construct a precise chronological framework for the Yampil barrow graves. We can now discern four principal stages in this sequence: (1) late Eneolithic, (2) early Yamna, (3) late Yamna era, and (4) Catacombna. During the first two periods (3350-2800 calBC), these barrows were meticulously constructed, sometimes evolving in multiple phases. In the latter two stages (2800-2400 calBC), cemeteries took shape, marked by graves thoughtfully dug into the fully formed mounds.
Synthesis of Hydrogels Containing Halloysite and Investigation of Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Çankaya Nevin
Published: December 2023

In this study, superabsorbent hydrogels containing halloysite clay, biopolymer (CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose), acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) were synthesized and characterized by free radical polymerization method. Then, the cytotoxic effect of hydrogels on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was evaluated. According to the findings, hydrogels were successfully synthesized and their cytotoxic properties were supported by in vitro studies. In order for these hydrogels to be used as a drug delivery system, their potential properties need to be supported by further research such as in vivo.
An Overview of Anti-diabetic Efficacy and Biochemical Mechanism of Anisomeles Malabarica (Malabar Catmint): A Review
Authors: M Kulshreshtha
Published: December 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM), which affects a substantial portion of the population and has become more common in modern society, is actually a metabolic condition. The hallmark of diabetes mellitus is excessively high blood sugar levels brought on by a breakdown in glucose homeostasis brought on by a partial or complete lack of insulin in the body or by insulin activity. Hyperglycaemia is caused by changes in insulin levels or activity as well as cell activities that affect the biochemical processes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in target organs like the liver function. skeletal muscle, kidney, and adipose tissue. 1.5 million deaths per year are attributed to diabetes, and 48 percent of these fatalities occurring before the age of 70. Premature mortality from diabetes increased by 5% between the years 2000 and 2016. Therefore, it's essential to pick the appropriate diabetic therapy. Professional anti-diabetic medications are available to treat diabetes, however there are significant concerns over their cost and side effects. The drawbacks of currently available drugs necessitate the development of new, less expensive, and safer remedies. While Anisomeles malabarica (A. malabarica), an indigenous medicinal plant, has been shown to have anti-epileptic, anti-diabetic, anti-proliferative, and other qualities, the focus of this review is on AM's anti-diabetic advantages.
Low-Grade Gliomas Genetics In The Pediatric Patients Group, A Review On Some Important Notes
Authors: B Saberi
Published: December 2023

Low-grade gliomas are among the most common CNS tumors in the pediatric patients group. From the genetics, histopathology, treatment strategies, distribution and molecular points of view, these tumors are different from ones which can be seen in the adult patients group. From the histological point of view, low-grade gliomas in the pediatric patients group encompass tumors of oligodendroglial, astrocytic and mixed glial-neuronal histology. Transforming into malignancy would usually not occur in most of these tumors. Understanding the genetics of these tumors is of importance in learning their behaviors. This brief review tries to point to some important notes about the genetics of the low-grade gliomas in the pediatric patients group.
Bioequivalence Study of Zidovudine 100 Mg Capsule with TwoWay Crossover Design
Authors: P Priyanto
Published: December 2023

Zidovudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue, specifically a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), that inhibits the replication of retroviruses, including HIV. Study Objective: This study objective was to determine the bioequivalence of Zidovudine 100 mg capsules produced by PT Kimia Farma Tbk compared to Retrovir 100 mg capsules produced by GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals S.A, in healthy subjects Methods: The study was conducted in a randomized, single-dose, open-label, two-way crossover design (2 treatments, 2 periods, and 2 sequences) under fasting state with 7 (seven) days washed-out period between each period. The number of subjects who participated and completed the study were 31 of 32 adult male and female. One subject dropped out from 2nd period because of personal reason. The subjects received an explanation of the study and signed informed consent. Subjects fasted for a minimum of 8 hours before receiving the test drug and reference drug. Blood samples were collected 15 times at the following time points: 0 hours (before drug administration), 0.16, 0.33, 0.50, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 hours after drug administration. Plasma concentrations of the drug were determined by LC-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated in this study are AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, Cmax, tmax, and t½, while the statistical interval proposed was 80.00 - 125.00% for AUC0-t and Cmax with 90% Confidence Interval (CI) with α = 5.00%. Results: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test drug Zidovudine (BN: G2 1346 J) compared to reference drug, Retrovir (BN: JN8K) were calculated based on geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence interval (CI). The results for AUC0-t and Cmax were 101.65% (96.77- 106.83%) and 95.63% (84.09-108.76%) respectively, with intra-subject variability (%CV) for AUC0-t and Cmax were 11.49% and 30.47%. Hence, the number of 31 subjects has adequate number for required power of study. Conclusion: Based on the AUC0-t and Cmax values, Zidovudine 100 mg Capsules Produced by PT. Kimia Farma Tbk is bioequivalent to Retrovir 100 mg Capsules Produced by GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals S.A.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Chromolaena Odorata Extracts on Microbial Isolates
Authors: OJ Osuala
Published: December 2023

As science and technology advanced, antimicrobial agents were discovered, bringing with them the burden of antimicrobial resistance. This led to the hunt for effective techniques to combat microbial diseases. Chromolaena odorata is often used for traditional wound healing since it helps to stop bleeding quickly. Chromolaena odorata of the Asteraceae family is one of the world's most invasive weeds. It is also known as Siam weed, devil weed, French weed, communist weed, hagonoy, co chon triffid weed, and Awolowo, Akintola, and Obiarakara weed. Chromolaena odorata is often used for traditional wound healing since it helps to stop bleeding quickly. Several studies have shown that Siam weed extract promotes hemostasis and wound healing. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bioactive components and antibacterial efficacy of different extracts of Chromolaena odorata on various microbiological isolates. Fresh leaves were collected, identified, air-dried, and ground. Cold maceration and soxhlet extraction were carried out using ethanol and n-hexane as extractive solvents, respectively. The chemical composition was identified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique, and the antibacterial action was tested using established protocols. The antimicrobial test revealed that the aqueous extract had a bacteriostatic effect, but the ethanol extract had a bactericidal effect against microbiological isolates at a concentration of 200mg/mL. The most prevalent bioactive chemicals discovered in both extracts are oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid. The extracts possessed antibacterial capabilities and included certain bioactive components, which might contribute to their overall efficacy, according to this research.
Assessment of Hematological Recovery by Reticulocyte Parameters and Platelet Count after Chemotherapy in Remission Induction Phase
Authors: Yesmin Shaila
Published: December 2023

Reticulocyte count performed on a supravitally stained blood film is an initial and common laboratory method of determining early hematological recovery. This method is rapidly replaced by automated flow cytometry methods which have the advantage of much greater precision before other tests become positive after chemotherapy. A prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Laboratory Medicine with the Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during a period of one year to evaluate the bone marrow recovery in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia automated reticulocyte analysis over platelet count. A total of fifty patients were enrolled in this study in the remission induction phase. All patients were taken up to 18 years age range with a mean age of 5.5 ± 3.2 years. At the end of the study out of 50 cases, Ret% and Abs ret count showed early recovery in a median of 6 days before the platelet count recovery and concluded that the reticulocyte parameter showed earlier hematopoietic recovery than the platelet count recovery.
Short Root Anomaly (SRA)/Rhyzomicroly-Report of an Unusual Radicular Anomaly with Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: NB Nagaveni
Published: December 2023

Dental anomalies are the anomalies involving either crown or root portion of a tooth which may affect size, shape, number, structure and composition of a tooth and can be seen as a part of syndrome or in non-syndromic patients. Anomalies involving root portion of a tooth include different variations like larger size, extra root and extra canals. Short root anomaly is an uncommon root variation characterized by short roots with blunt and closed apices. The purpose of this article is to report an unusual occurrence of short roots involving permanent mandibular molars which is rarely reported so far. Detailed information pertaining to short root anomaly is also discussed in this paper.
Complex and Composite Odontomas-Report of Case Series with Literature Review
Authors: NB Nagaveni
Published: December 2023

One can come across various dental anomalies during clinical practice. The diagnosis and management such anomalies is a great challenge for all clinicians. Odontomas are developmental tumor like anomalies seen incidentally on radiographic examination. Odontomas constitute two types one being compound and the other one complex odontome. Hence the present article attempts to show the occurrence of both complex and compound types of odontomas in Indian patients and also discusses in detail about odontomas.
Three Dimensions Influencing the Transformation of Modern China's Death Penalty Perceptions
Authors: Na Jiang
Published: December 2023

The issue of the abolition or retention of the death penalty has recently garnered extensive attention from both the public and the scholarly community. This study elucidates three principal factors shaping China's death penalty policy: Firstly, public opinion, manifested as a sociocultural legacy, generally endorses the severity of capital punishment; secondly, the impact of Western modern conceptions of the death penalty challenges traditional Chinese perspectives, primarily through a reevaluation of individual rights and human dignity; and thirdly, international human rights paradigms are influencing domestic legislative policies in China, indicating a gradual alignment with global human rights norms. Upon comprehensive analysis, it can be concluded that while there exists some degree of legitimacy in China's death penalty policy, the country is currently trending towards a more judicious application of capital punishment under the composite influence of the aforementioned dimensions. This trend reflects a profound shift in underlying values and legal culture. Therefore, it is foreseeable that China may progress along the path of incremental abolition of the death penalty in the future.
Functional Genomics and Eye Color Prediction
Authors: Coyle Heather Miller
Published: December 2023

The ability to reconstruct a recognizable face from skeletal remains is a useful investigative tool for human identification. Functional genomics plays a role in facial reconstruction through the identification of the regulation of pigmentation pathways. Functional genomics here refers to the study of how genes and intergenic sequences contribute to metabolic pathways and work together to produce a particular phenotype. This form of genetic information adds and confirms the physical traits that help with a visual identification of a person by allowing for the biological predictions of pigmentation for eye, hair, and skin color in facial reconstruction. The principle of SNP testing for eye color prediction from human tooth DNA using both destructive and nondestructive DNA extraction methods is presented using the IrisPlex eye color prediction software. This IrisPlex eye color prediction software is not one hundred percent accurate, and we have explored the classification issues behind those discrepancies by examining DNA from blue, brown, and intermediate eye color donors as well as those donors exhibiting heterochromia (mixed eye colors). The importance of correct prediction of eye color for facial reconstruction is to aid in correct identification of skeletal remains through forensic phenotyping investigation. Irisplex is useful for the correct prediction of blue and brown eye individuals but is less able to distinguish between the subcategories of grey, green, heterochromia and hazel for the intermediate category.
Poisons and Drugs Used in Homicidal Poisoning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Soltaninejad Kambiz
Published: December 2023

Homicidal poisoning defined as the application of toxic agents by a person to kill human beings. Historically, some conventional homicidal poisons were including arsenic, cyanide, mercury, strychnine, aconite and atropine. In general, homicidal poisonings are among the least frequently detected crimes and difficult to establish, across the world. Lack of suspicion of this type of poisoning and clinical presentations in this poisoning are often misdiagnosed as natural disease, especially if the crime is occurred in a hospital setting are the limitations for detection of homicidal poisonings. The aim of this article is to review of drugs and poisons used in recently reported homicidal poisoning cases. The results showed that the contemporary poisons and drugs used in homicidal poisonings are based in combinations of old and well-described poisons and drugs and natural or synthetic drugs and poisons from the group of organophosphorus agents, tetrodotoxin, radioactive substances and polydrug pattern of antipsychotics with antidepressants and sedativehypnotics. Forensic autopsy and postmortem histopathological and toxicological analysis have a critical role in investigation on homicidal poisoning fatal cases. The sophisticated instrumental analysis (usually using tandem mass spectrometry) can be used for toxicological analysis of trace levels of drugs and poisons in routine and alternative samples in the victims of homicidal poisoning.
Assessing the Management of Varicose Vein Using Individualized Medicine: An Empirical Study
Authors: KS Nivedha
Published: December 2023

Varicose vein is one of the most common clinical condition presented by abnormal blood flow in the lower extremities and it remains an open question as to which inciting factor is responsible for their development, if any one particular factor is in fact solely responsible. It is unclear whether local dysfunction in the vein wall leads to valvular incompetence or whether the reverse is true. The abnormal vessel of the varicosity is invariably dilated, and luminal diameter is larger than in normal vein. Importantly, varicose vein disease is characterized by skip lesions, areas of normal vein between varicosities. Homoeopathy is a complementary system of medicine that follows a holistic approach. Homeopathy follows a personalized approach in treatment of chronic disease such as varicose veins Here 30 cases of varicose vein was used for the study and in each case complete case taking was done and after evaluated using Revised Venous Clinical Severity Score an and medicine was selected according to the totality. Potency and dose was determined based on the susceptibility of the patient. Follow up was done. Since p value <0.05, it indicates that the test is statistically significant and hence the null hypothesis is rejected.
Hook Wire Localization Failure of Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules during Perioperative Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Period
Authors: Yu Shouqiang
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) guided Hook wire localization is often used to identify peripheral small nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Pneumothorax, intrapulmonary hemorrhage, systemic air embolism, and wire dislodgement are well-known complications associated with the former procedure. Still, in this report, the situation of the Hook wire detached from the anchor point during perioperative operation is an infrequent and potentially fatal complication. We encountered four cases of Hook wire dislocation. The abnormal position needle of three cases was successfully removed during the operation, while the other one was successfully removed through reoperation, and all patients recovered smoothly after the operation and were discharged from the hospital.
Analysis of Tomato Market Diversity among Rural Smallholder Farmers in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Thomas Mbogo
Published: December 2023

The present study was conducted to analyze tomato market diversity among rural smallholder farmers in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Data was collected from rural smallholder farmers in Kirinyaga County, following a multi-stage sampling technique. Further the Simpson’s Diversity Index and Tobit regression model were applied for analysis. Results revealed that majority of the respondents sell the tomato produce in three channels. Higher prices were recorded for contract and wholesale markets while retail and direct markets reported the lowest produce prices. Tomato marketing experiences inefficiencies that lead to unprecedented inequalities. This is attributed to limited information on strategies to expand markets at farm level. Following the debate on market participation among farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, this study contributes to the existing literature through modelling proportional the available market channels and compute the magnitude of market expansion using Simpson’s Diversity Index. This articulates an opportunity to diversify further thus enabling farmers minimize risk of losses and explore existing markets.
Determinants of Rust Resistant Wheat Technology Adoption in Misha District, Ethiopia
Authors: Tilaye Melkamu
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted to analyze factors influencing adoption of rust-resistant improved wheat variety in Misha district, in sourhern Ethiopia. The analysis was based on a household survey data collected from 387 randomly selected households. A binary logistic regression was used to examine factors influencing the adoption of rust-resistant improved wheat variety. The study has found that age and education level of household head, land size, livestock holding, frequency of extension contact, and access to credit services were factors that significantly affected the adoption of rust-resistant improved wheat variety. The deployment of improved varieties is the most important factor in raising agricultural productivity and farm households' access to food security in Ethiopia. Thus, adopting rust-resistant improved wheat technology is one way of improving farmers' wheat production and decreasing yield loss due to currently occurring wheat rust diseases. The findings of this study imply that any development intervention through improved wheat technology should take into account the aforementioned socioeconomic characteristics to enhance the adoption rate of new technology.
Changes in Metabolites in the Plasma of Tilapia guineensis Exposed to Sodium Bromide
Authors: Cookey Ayaobu
Published: December 2023

To ascertain the extent of metabolic changes in fish exposed to chemical in aquatic environment, metabolic responses in T. guineensis exposed to Sodium Bromide at various concentrations of 0.00 controls, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 mg/L were studied. T. guineensis of the juvenile and adult sizes totaled 180 were used for the study. The study's findings showed that when compared to control values, the values of metabolites including creatinine, total bilirubin, and total protein were significantly lower (P< 0.05) in the exposed fish, whereas urea levels were significantly higher (P< 0.05). In contrast, these changes were more obvious in the juvenile fish that had been exposed to the toxin. This work provides baseline data that can be helpful for future comparative studies of metabolic stress in aquatic biota from polluted coastal environments and effective bio- monitoring of the aquatic biota.
Relations of Legumes with Soil Health and Succeeding Crops
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmad Yar
Published: December 2023

In recent decades, soil degradation has increased dramatically on a global scale. It is urgently necessary to promote food security and lessen the effects of climate change by restoring and maintaining the health of our soils. Improvements in soil structure have been demonstrated to help mitigate the effects of soil degradation, which is a crucial feature that influences soil health that is becoming more widely acknowledged. So the use of technologies and methods are important in this context. Growing of legume crops in cropping system is an option. Legumes possess a unique attribute known as nitrogen fixation, which enables them to form symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria residing within specialized root structures called nodules. Through this remarkable process, atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a biologically available form, enriching the soil with this essential nutrient and reducing the dependence on synthetic nitrogen inputs and minimizing environmental degradation caused by excessive fertilizer usage. Furthermore, legumes actively participate in nutrient recycling, releasing essential elements within the soil. By absorbing nutrients from deep in the soil profile, legumes prevent leaching and subsequent loss of these valuable resources. In addition to their nutrient recycling power, legumes also play an important role in improving soil structure. Their extensive root systems penetrate deep into the soil, effectively breaking up compacted layers and enhancing water infiltration. In conclusion, recognizing and harnessing the potential of legumes can revolutionize farming practices, ensuring long-term soil fertility and productivity, environmental sustainability, and food security for generations to come.
A Short Note of the Causes behind Price Increases in Rice
Authors: Yap Chee Kong
Published: December 2023

This review paper aimed to provide a short note of the causes behind price increases in rice. Several causes might be intricately linked. The following are some typical causes of price increases for rice. With strong literature support, these causes include a) climate and weather conditions, b) customer demand, c) fertilization, d) diseases and pests, e) costs associated with transportation and distribution, and other factors. In order to keep rice prices stable and ensure that the populace has access to food, government regulations and actions might be extremely important.
Unleashing Biotic Interactions through Agroecological Designs to Stabilize Crop Productivity and Enhance Resilience
Authors: Altieri Miguel A
Published: December 2023

In a planet under polycrisis (climate change, high input costs, ecological degradation, armed conflicts, etc.) the challenge is to transition agroecosystems based on external inputs to one dependent on ecological processes. This will require agroecologists to test new diversification designs that will potentiate beneficial above and below ground biodiversity interactions at the farm and landscape level, so that soil quality, plant health, productivity and resilience emerge from processes such as optimized soil biological activation, nutrient cycling and biological pest regulation. Such approach enhances resiliency to biotic and abiotic stresses and increases farmers ecological, genetic, water, energy, technological and food sovereignty.