bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HRAS‐related epidermal nevus syndromes: Expansion of the spectrum with first branchial arch defects
Authors: Beyens Aude , Lietaer Charlotte , Claes Kathleen , De Baere Elfride , Goeteyn Marleen , Lerut Bob , Syryn Hannes , Vanakker Olivier , Van der Meulen Joni , Vanwalleghem Lieve , Callewaert Bert
Published: March 2023

Epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS) comprises a heterogeneous group of neurocutaneous syndromes associated with the presence of epidermal nevi and variable extracutaneous manifestations. Postzygotic activating HRAS pathogenic variants were previously identified in nevus sebaceous (NS), keratinocytic epidermal nevus (KEN), and different ENS, including Schimmelpenning–Feuerstein–Mims and cutaneous‐skeletal‐hypophosphatasia syndrome (CSHS). Skeletal involvement in HRAS‐related ENS ranges from localized bone dysplasia in association with KEN to fractures and limb deformities in CSHS. We describe the first association of HRAS‐related ENS and auricular atresia, thereby expanding the disease spectrum with first branchial arch defects if affected by the mosaic variant. In addition, this report illustrates the first concurrent presence of verrucous EN, NS, and nevus comedonicus (NC), indicating the possibility of mosaic HRAS variation as an underlying cause of NC. Overall, this report extends the pleiotropy of conditions associated with mosaic pathogenic variants in HRAS affecting ectodermal and mesodermal progenitor cells.
Earnings losses of displaced workers in times of crisis
Authors: Hovhannisyan Nune , Méndez Fabio
Published: March 2023

We utilize data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to study how the earnings losses experienced by displaced workers vary in times of economic crisis. Relative to an economy that operates at full potential, our results show that a 1% increase in the real gross domestic product gap observed at the time of displacement is associated with an additional increase in the estimated earnings losses experienced by displaced workers of approximately 4.3% in the year immediately following displacement, and with similar increases in the estimated losses for up to 5 years after.
The use of parental alienation constructs by family justice system professionals: A survey of belief systems and practice implications
Authors: Kline Pruett Marsha , Johnston Janet R. , Saini Michael , Sullivan Matt , Salem Peter
Published: March 2023

Parent–child contact problems (PCCP) after separation and divorce are the focus of heated debate in academia and the popular media as to how best to identify, assess and respond to children who resist or refuse time with a parent. Practitioners disagree about the extent to which parental alienation (PA) is a valid and widespread phenomenon versus a legal strategy to counter IPV and child abuse allegations. This study sheds light on prevailing attitudes by surveying the opinions and beliefs of 1049 interdisciplinary family law professionals who deal directly with these matters in practice. These experienced practitioners were confident about their understanding of PCCPs despite little formal instruction on relevant issues. They were less clear about the differentiation between similarly used terms, research evidence, and interventions to address the problems. Emergent themes provide insight into practitioners' beliefs about the harm caused by a parent's alienating behaviors, the extent to which PA is a real phenomenon vs. a litigation strategy, the quality of social science empirical evidence, views of the child in PA cases, and recommended interventions. Responses demonstrate practitioners taking moderate positions that balance competing interests, struggling with ambiguities and contradictions rife in PA cases and PA‐related practice in family law.
Constructing subjects that matter: A case of conditional recognition for Pakistani Khawajasiras
Authors: Awan Muhammad Aqeel , Pianezzi Daniela
Published: March 2023

This paper examines how media discourses on gender and work play a part in regulating the lives of a community of Pakistani gender diverse people, calledKhawajasiras.Developing a critical discourse analysis of media news, we show how this regulatory process results in discursive mechanisms positioning Khawajasiras' work as “dirty” and in need of “respectable” and exclusively “feminine” alternatives. This regulatory process revolves around delegitimizing Khawajasiras' non‐normative work and their gender fluidity in the job market. Khawajasiras' recognition is thus conditional upon their reproduction of a socially heteronormative notion of work and gender. We conclude that this regulatory process not only forecloses possibilities of resignification for this historically disenfranchised community but also risks producing new forms of abjection by enforcing notions of “fake” (with an implicitly assumed notion of “authentic”) Khawajasira. The findings of this paper ultimately problematize contemporary ideals of recognition of non‐normative gendered groups.
Time trend prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection and endoscopic findings in symptomatic children in Portugal: A retrospective study based on three time points in 2009, 2014, and 2019
Authors: Antunes Raquel , Oleastro Monica , Nogueira João Paulo , Lopes Ana Isabel
Published: March 2023

Background

Helicobacter pylori infection acquisition occurs mainly in childhood and may be a critical factor in developing long‐term complications. In contrast to other developed countries, previous studies have reported a relatively high H. pylori infection prevalence in Portugal, both in children and adults. However, there are no recent data concerning pediatric population.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study concerning an 11 years period (2009, 2014, 2019), that included patients under 18 years old who underwent upper endoscopy at a pediatric tertiary center. Demographic, clinical‐pathological, and microbiological data were collected.

Results

Four hundred and sixty one children were included. The average age was 11.7 ± 4.4 years. In total, H. pylori infection was confirmed in 37.3% of cases (histology and/or culture) and a decreasing infection trend was observed (p = .027). The most common indication for endoscopy was abdominal pain, which was a good predictor of infection. Antral nodularity was present in 72.2% of the infected children (p < .001). In the oldest age groups, moderate/severe chronic inflammation, H. pylori density and lymphoid aggregates/follicles were positive predictors for the presence of antral nodularity. For all ages, the presence of antral nodularity, neutrophilic activity in the antrum and corpus and lymphoid follicles/aggregates in the antrum were positive predictors for the presence of H. pylori infection. Among the 139 strains tested for antibiotic susceptibility, 48.9% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. Resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and both was detected in 23.0%, 12.9%, and 6.5% of the strains, respectively; furthermore, resistance to ciprofloxacin and to amoxicillin was observed in 5.0% and 1.4% of the strains, respectively.

Conclusions

The present study reports (for the first time in Portugal) a significant decreasing trend in the prevalence of pediatric H. pylori infection, although it remains relatively high compared to the recently reported prevalence in other South European countries. We confirmed a previously recognized positive association of some endoscopic and histological features with H. pylori infection, as well as a high prevalence rate of resistance to clarithromycin and to metronidazole.

The clinical relevance of these findings requires confirmation with further studies at a national level, taking into account the high incidence rate of gastric cancer in Portugal and the potential need for country‐specific intervention strategies.
Families' perception of terminal patients' prognosis awareness is associated with families' own grief: Evidence from a hospital in China
Authors: Chen Chuqian , Du Lina , Cheng Guobin , Jin Yanyan
Published: March 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to explore how families' perceptions of dying patients' prognosis awareness influence families' grief.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was adopted.

Method

Data were collected from a survey of family caregivers of deceased patients through a tertiary hospital in Mainland China between October 2018 and April 2021. One question asked about families' perceptions of patients' awareness of their prognosis, and the Chinese Grief Reaction Assessment Form was used to measure grief. A multiple linear regression with control variables was run to test the link. Missing data were handled with multiple imputation.

Results

A total of 181 participants were involved in the analyses. After whether the patient received professional end‐of‐life care in the last days, the place of death and several basic information variables were controlled, families' grief was more intense when they were sure that patients were unaware of the terminal prognosis compared to when they believed that patients were aware or not sure about the patient's awareness. The latter two groups did not differ significantly in grief intensity.

Conclusion

For Chinese family caregivers in the present study, terminal patients' awareness of their prognosis is more beneficial than harmful to their bereavement adaptation. This raises empirical concerns over the assumption that truth is harmful and the nondisclosure pattern on such a basis.

Impact

The findings extend knowledge on the outcomes of information disclosure from the perspective of bereaved family caregivers. Meanwhile, it informs services for the dying and the bereaved: When making decisions about prognosis disclosure to terminally ill patients, potential impacts on not only patients but also families need to be fully considered. For families who are sure that the patient was never aware of the prognosis, additional support ought to be provided to address their intense grief reactions.

Patient or Public Contribution

Several professional caregivers helped revise the questionnaire.
Did everyone change their childbirth plans due to the COVID‐19 pandemic? A web‐based cross‐sectional survey of Polish pregnant women
Authors: Feduniw Stepan , Kajdy Anna , Sys Dorota , Malinowska Olga , Wieczorek Katarzyna , Bagińska Karolina , Rabijewski Michał , Tataj‐Puzyna Urszula , Baranowska Barbara
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim

With the worldwide outbreak of coronavirus, a significant impact has been observed on the functioning of healthcare systems and the process of childbirth. Women probably did not even have a choice to adjust their plans accordingly to the current situation. The aim of the study was to examine how the outbreak of the SARS CoV‐2 pandemic state affected the decisions of pregnant women about their childbirth plan.

Design

This cross‐sectional study was performed using a web‐based survey published on social media in Poland.

Methods

The cross‐sectional study was performed using web‐based questionnaires. The study group included Polish women who changed their childbirth plans, compared to a group of women not sure about delivery plan change and those whose plans had not changed. The data were collected from 4 March 2020 to 2 May 2020, when the first rising count of new infections was observed in Poland and worldwide. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA Software, Inc., 13.3 (2020).

Results

Of 969 women who completed the questionnaire and were enrolled into the study, 57.2% had not changed their childbirth plans (group I), 28.4% had changed their plans (group II), and 14.4% of respondents answered “not sure” to this question (group III). The majority of women changed their birth plans during the pandemic because of the potential absence of their partner during labour (56% of women who had changed their plans and 48% of those whose answer was “I am not sure”, p < .001). Another reason was the fear of separation from the child after delivery (33% of women who had changed their plans and 30% of those whose answer was “I am not sure”, p < .001).

Conclusion

Restrictions due to the COVID‐19 outbreak have influenced the childbirth plans of pregnant women. The changes were independent of women's vision of birth before the pandemic.

Impact

The restriction on births with accompanying person and the risk of separation from their infant after childbirth significantly influenced the decision‐making process. As a result, some women were more likely to opt for a home birth with or even without medical assistance.

Patient or Public Contribution

The study participants were women who were pregnant at the time of completing the questionnaire, were over 18 years old and spoke Polish.
End‐user perceptions of sub‐epidermal moisture scanning (SEMS) acceptability: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Campbell Jill , Allen Gary , Coyer Fiona , Gillespie Brigid M. , Moore Zena , Nowicki Tracy , Walker Rachel M. , Chaboyer Wendy
Published: March 2023

Aims

To assess patients' and nurses' perceptions and experiences of subepidermal moisture scanning acceptability.

Design

Descriptive, qualitative, sub‐study, embedded within a pilot randomized control trial.

Methods

Ten patients who were in the intervention arm of the pilot trial and 10 registered nurses providing care for these patients on medical‐surgical units participated in individual semi‐structured interviews. Data were collected from October 2021 to January 2022. Interviews were analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis, and perspectives (patient and nurse), were triangulated.

Results

Four categories were found. The first category ‘Subepidermal moisture scanning is acceptable as part of care’ showed that patients and nurses were willing to use subepidermal moisture scanning and viewed subepidermal moisture scanning as non‐burdensome. The category ‘Subepidermal moisture scanning may improve pressure injury outcomes’ demonstrated that although subepidermal moisture scanning was believed to prevent pressure injuries, more research evidence about its benefits was required. ‘Subepidermal moisture scanning augments existing pressure injury prevention practices’, the third category, highlighted that subepidermal moisture scanning aligns with current pressure injury prevention practices while making these practices more patient‐centred. In the final category, ‘Important considerations when making subepidermal moisture scanning routine practice’, practical issues were raised relating to training, guidelines, infection control, device availability and patient modesty.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that using subepidermal moisture scanning is acceptable for patients and nurses. Building the evidence base for subepidermal moisture scanning and then addressing practical issues prior to implementation, are important next steps. Our research suggests that subepidermal moisture scanning enhances individualized and patient‐centred care, persuasive reasons to continue investigating subepidermal moisture scanning.

Impact

For an intervention to be successfully implemented it must be both effective and acceptable, however, there is limited evidence of patients' and nurses' views of SEMS acceptability.

SEM scanners are acceptable to use in practice for patients and nurses. There are many procedural aspects that need to be considered when using SEMS such as frequency of measurements.

This research may have benefit for patients, as SEMS may promote a more individualized and patient‐centred approach to pressure injury prevention. Further, these findings can assist researchers, providing justification to proceed with effectiveness research.

Patient or public contribution

A consumer advisor was involved in study design, interpretation of data and preparation of manuscript.
Risk heterogeneity of bullous pemphigoid among dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors: A population‐based cohort study using Japanese Latter‐Stage Elderly Healthcare Database
Authors: Harano Yumi , Mitamura Yasutaka , Jiang Peng , Fujita Takako , Babazono Akira
Published: March 2023

Aims/Introduction

Although the association between dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors and bullous pemphigoid (BP) has begun to be established, some studies have suggested there are risk differences among DPP‐4 inhibitors. We conducted a population‐based cohort study to examine the risk differences.

Materials and Methods

Using the claims databases of the Fukuoka Prefecture Wide‐Area Association of Latter‐Stage Elderly Healthcare between April 1, 2013 and March 31, 2017, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare patients receiving one DPP‐4 inhibitor with those who were prescribed another antidiabetic drug. The primary outcome was an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of the development of bullous pemphigoid during a 3‐year follow‐up. The secondary outcome was the development of BP requiring systemic steroids immediately after the diagnosis. These were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results

The study comprised 33,241 patients, of which 0.26% (n = 88) developed bullous pemphigoid during follow‐up. The percentages of patients with bullous pemphigoid who required immediate systemic steroid treatment was 0.11% (n = 37). We analyzed four DPP‐4 inhibitors: sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin. Vildagliptin and linagliptin raised the risk of BP significantly (primary outcome, vildagliptin, HR 2.411 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.325–4.387], linagliptin, HR 2.550 [95% CI 1.266–5.136], secondary outcome, vildagliptin HR 3.616 [95% CI 1.495–8.745], linagliptin HR 3.556 [95% CI 1.262–10.024]). A statistically significant risk elevation was not observed with sitagliptin and alogliptin (primary outcome, sitagliptin, HR 0.911 [95% CI 0.508–1.635], alogliptin, HR 1.600 [95% CI 0.714–3.584], secondary outcome, sitagliptin, HR 1.192 [95% CI 0.475–2.992], alogliptin, HR 2.007 [95% CI 0.571–7.053]).

Conclusions

Not all the DPP‐4 inhibitors could induce bullous pemphigoid significantly. Therefore, the association warrants further investigations before generalization.
Construction of endothelial cell‐related and autophagy‐related prognostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma based on single‐cell data
Authors: Mou Lisha , Li Kang , Xu Chenyang , Xu Irene , Yang Yiyuan , Pu Zuhui
Published: March 2023

Background

We aimed to develop an autophagy‐related prognostic model with single‐cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA‐Seq) data for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods

ScRNA‐Seq datasets of HCC patients were analyzed by Seurat. The expression of genes involved in canonical and noncanonical autophagy pathways in scRNA‐seq data was also compared. Cox regression was applied to construct an AutRG risk prediction model. Subsequently, we examined the characteristics of AutRG high‐risk and low‐risk group patients.

Results

Six major cell types (hepatocytes, myeloid cells, T/NK cells, B cells, fibroblast cells, and endothelial cells) were identified in the scRNA‐Seq dataset. The results showed that most of the canonical and noncanonical autophagy genes were highly expressed in hepatocytes, with the exception of MAP 1LC3B, SQSTM1, MAP 1LC3A, CYBB, and ATG3. Six AutRG risk prediction models originating from different cell types were constructed and compared. The AutRG prognostic signature (GAPDH, HSP90AA1, and TUBA1C) in endothelial cells had the best overall performance for predicting the overall survival of HCC patients, with 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year AUCs equal to 0.758, 0.68, and 0.651 in the training cohort and 0.760, 0.796, and 0.840 in the validation cohort, respectively. The different tumor mutation burden, immune infiltration, and gene set enrichment characteristics of the AutRG high‐risk and low‐risk group patients were identified.

Conclusion

We constructed an endothelial cell‐related and autophagy‐related prognostic model of HCC patients using the ScRNA‐Seq dataset for the first time. This model demonstrated the good calibration ability of HCC patients and provided a new understanding of the evaluation of prognosis.
Influence of simulation design on stress, anxiety and self‐confidence of nursing students: Systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Oliveira Silva George , Oliveira Flavia Silva e , Coelho Alexandre Siqueira Guedes , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti , Vieira Flaviana Vely Mendonça , Campbell Suzanne Hetzel , Aredes Natália Del Angelo
Published: March 2023

Aim

To evaluate the simulation design characteristics that may influence the stress, anxiety and self‐confidence of undergraduate nursing students during learning.

Design

Systematic review with meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

Searchers were conducted in October 2020 and updated in August 2022 in the databases CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase®, ERIC, LILACS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO®, Scopus and Web of Science, PQDT Open (ProQuest), BDTD, Google Scholar and specific journals on simulation.

Review Methods

This review was conducted according to the recommendations of Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and reported according to the PRISMA Statement. Experimental and quasi‐experimental studies that compared the effect of simulation on stress, anxiety and self‐confidence of nursing students were included. The selection of studies and data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Simulation information was collected as prebriefing, scenario, debriefing, duration, modality, fidelity and simulator. Data summarization was performed by qualitative synthesis and meta‐analytical methods.

Results

Eighty studies were included in the review, and most reported in detail the structure of the simulation, contemplating prebriefing, scenario, debriefing and the duration of each step. In subgroup meta‐analysis, the presence of prebriefing, duration of more than 60 min and high‐fidelity simulations helped reduce anxiety, while the presence of prebriefing and debriefing, duration, immersive clinical simulation modalities and procedure simulation, high‐fidelity simulations and use of mannequins, standardised patients and virtual simulators, contributed to greater students' self‐confidence.

Conclusions

Different modulations of simulation design components imply reduction of anxiety and increased self‐confidence in nursing students, especially highlighting the quality of the methodological report of simulation interventions.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

These findings help to support the need of more rigorous methodology in simulation designs and research methods. Consequently, impact on the education of qualified professionals prepared to work in clinical practice.

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Evaluation of fetal cardiac function in fetal growth restriction via fetal HQ analysis based on two‐dimensional STI
Authors: Wang Wen , Liu Ji‐feng , Yin Hong , Wang Ling , Zhang Ge , Song Lin‐lin , Song Yan
Published: March 2023

Background

Abnormalities of the fetal cardiovascular system caused by fetal growth restriction (FGR) may lead to adverse outcomes. The fetal cardiac function assessment is of great significance for treatment selection and prognostic evaluation of fetuses with FGR.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the value of fetal HQ analysis based on speckle tracking imaging (STI) to evaluate the global and regional cardiac function of fetuses with early‐onset or late‐onset FGR.

Methods

From June 2020 to November 2022, 30 pregnant women with early‐onset FGR (21–38 gestational weeks) and 30 pregnant women with late‐onset FGR (21–38 gestational weeks) in the Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were enrolled. Also, 60 healthy volunteer pregnant women were enrolled as two control groups according to the principle of matching gestational weeks (21–38 gestational weeks). The fetal cardiac functions, including fetal cardiac global spherical index (GSI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), fractional area change (FAC) of both ventricles, global longitudinal strain (GLS) of both ventricles, 24‐segmental fractional shortening (FS), 24‐segmental end‐diastolic ventricular diameter (EDD), and 24‐segmental spherical index (SI), were assessed using fetal HQ. The standard biological values of fetuses and Doppler blood flow parameters of fetuses and mothers were measured. The estimated fetal weight (EFW) measured by the last prenatal ultrasound was calculated, and the weights of newborns were followed up.

Results

Among early FGR, late FGR and total control group, significant differences were found in global cardiac indexes of right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV) and GSI. For the segmental cardiac indexes, there are significant differences in three groups except parameter of LVSI. Compared with the control group at the same gestational week, the Doppler indexes including MCAPI and CPR in both the early‐onset FGR group and the late‐onset FGR group were significantly different. The intra‐ and inter‐observer correlation coefficients of RV FAC, LV FAC, RV GLS, and LV GLS were good. Further, the intra‐ and inter‐observer variability in FAC and GLS was small, as analyzed using the Bland–Altman scatter plot.

Conclusions

Fetal HQ software based on STI showed that FGR affected the global and segmental cardiac function of both ventricles. FGR no matter early‐onset or late‐onset altered Doppler indexes significantly. The FAC and the GLS had satisfactory repeatability in evaluating fetal cardiac function.
Functional significance of asymmetrical retention of parental alleles in a hybrid pine species complex
Authors: Qu Chang , Kao Hong‐Na , Xu Hui , Wang Bao‐Sheng , Yang Zhi‐Ling , Yang Qi , Liu Gui‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Ru , Liu Yan‐Jing , Zeng Qing‐Yin
Published: March 2023

Hybrid genomes usually harbor asymmetrical parental contributions. However, it is challenging to infer the functional significance of asymmetrical retention of parental alleles in hybrid populations of conifer trees. Here we investigated the diversity in the glutathione S‐transferase (GST) gene family in a hybrid pine Pinus densata and its parents (Pinus tabuliformis and Pinus yunnanensis). Plant GSTs play major roles in protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 19 orthologous groups of GST genes were identified and cloned from these three species. We examined their expression in different tissues, and then purified the corresponding proteins to characterize their enzymatic activities and specificities toward different substrates. We found that among the 19 GST orthologous groups, divergence in gene expression and in enzymatic activities toward different substrates was prevalent. P. densata preferentially retained P. yunnanensis‐like GSTs for 17 out of the 19 gene loci. We determined the first GST crystal structure from conifer species at a resolution of 2.19 Å. Based on this structure, we performed site‐directed mutagenesis to replace amino acid residuals in different wild‐types of GSTs to understand their functional impacts. Reciprocal replacement of amino acid residuals in native GSTs of P. densata and P. tabuliformis demonstrated significant changes in enzyme functions and identified key sites controlling GSTs activities. This study illustrates an approach to evaluating the functional significance of sequence variations in conifer genomes. Our study also sheds light on plausible mechanisms for controlling the selective retention of parental alleles in the P. densata genome.
Impatiens namchabarwensis is distinct from I. arguta
Authors: Abrahamczyk Stefan , Steudel Bastian
Published: March 2023

Impatiens namchabarwensis was described as a new species in 2005 by Morgan et al. As already mentioned in the species description, I. namchabarwensis is morphologically similar to I. arguta and the small range of I. namchabarwensis in the eastern Himalaya is nested within the large, Himalayan range of I. arguta. Therefore, I. namchabarwensis has frequently been treated as synonym of I. arguta (e.g. in the Flora of China). We compared plant longevity, flower morphology and other functional floral traits and analyzed the differences between the two taxa. We found that I. namchabarwensis is a short‐lived perennial reaching maximally three years whereas I. arguta is a long‐lived perennial. Further, the floral traits of the two species differ significantly. These differences are also reflected in the main pollinator groups of the two species, which are hawk moths for I. namchabarwensis and bumblebees for I. arguta. Hence, we follow the argumentation of Morgan et al. and conclude that I. namchabarwensis and I. arguta are two distinct species.
Danish post‐marketing pharmacosurveillance of spontaneous Oral Adverse Drug Reactions 2009–2019
Authors: Ellefsen Birita Sofia , Larsen Kristine Røn , Reibel Jesper , Kragelund Camilla
Published: March 2023

Post‐marketing pharmacosurveillance is important to reduce harm to patients from marketed drugs. Oral adverse drug reactions (OADRs) are seldom reported and only few OADRs are listed scarcely in summary of product characteristics (SmPC) of drugs.

Objective

Structured search for OADRs in the Danish Medicines Agencies database from January 2009 to July 2019.

Results

Forty‐eight percent of OADRs were categorized as “serious” where oro‐facial swelling was reported 1041 times, medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) 607 times and para‐ or hypoaesthesia 329 times. Four‐hundred‐eighty OADRs in 343 cases were related to biologic or biosimilar drugs where 73% affected the jawbone as MRONJ. Physician reported 44%, dentists 19% and citizens 10% of OADRs.

Conclusions

Health care professionals had a sporadic reporting pattern that seemed to be influenced by the debate in the community and in professional circles but also by the information in the SmPC of the drugs. The results indicate some reporting stimulation of OADRs in relation to Gardasil 4, Septanest, Eltroxin and MRONJ. Eventually the knowledge of OADRs increases but there is a risk of skewed information if reporting is not systematic, reliable and consistent. All healthcare professionals must be educated in spotting and reporting all suspected adverse drug reactions.
A Game Analysis of the Evolution of China–US Trade Friction Based on “Differential Pattern” and “Group Pattern”*
Authors: Shen Zhifeng , Xia Yifan , Wang Wei , Li Zhihui , Ha Hun‐koo
Published: March 2023

In the context of Russia's special military operation against Ukraine, the purpose, scope, and final outcome of the China–US trade frictions are highly dynamic, complex, and uncertain. Combining the 4‐year trend of US–China trade frictions reveals that the China and United States are in a continuous process of exploring their own dominant decisions, so the evolutionary game is an ideal way to analyze the trend of China–US trade frictions. In the China–US trade frictions game, it is difficult for the other country to make a dominant decision without the participation of other countries or “standing on one's side.” At present, while China and the United States are negotiating, one's absolute energy is to spare no effort to persuade or coerce a third party to “stand on one's side” or not to “stand on one's side.” Therefore, the evolutionary game method, combined with the differential pattern and the group pattern theory, may be a feasible research design for a comprehensive analysis of the purpose of China–US trade frictions, the scope and duration of China–US trade frictions. This research is not only innovative from a theoretical perspective, but the results are also highly predictive and practical.
Quality of self‐report coping measures for children and adolescents with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Maryam Dewi , Pan Hsien‐Ting , Lin Wen‐Li , Harianto Susilo , Wu Li‐Min
Published: March 2023

Background

Cancer and its treatments cause significant stress in children and adolescents. This stress is associated with risks of emotional and behavioral problem development and interfering with adherence to treatment regimens. Instruments enabling the precise evaluation of the coping behaviors of pediatric patients with cancer in clinical practice are needed.

Aims

The study aimed to identify existing self‐report measures of pediatric coping patterns and to evaluate their psychometric properties, to aid the selection of tools for application to pediatric patients with cancer.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42021279441). Nine international databases were searched from their inception to September 2021. Studies with the main goal of developing and psychometrically validating pediatric coping measures with populations aged <20 years, not specific to any disease or situation, and published in English, Mandarin, or Indonesian were included. The Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was applied.

Results

Of 2527 studies initially identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Five scales had positive internal consistency ratings and adequate reliability (α > .7). Construct validity ratings were positive for five scales (41.6%), intermediate for three (25%), and poor for three (25%). No information was available for one (8.3%) scale. The Coping Scale for Children and Youth (CSCY) and Pediatric Cancer Coping Scale (PCCS) had the largest numbers of positive ratings. Only the PCCS was developed for pediatric patients with cancer and showed acceptable reliability and validity.

Linking Evidence to Action

The findings of this review highlight the need to increase the validation of existing coping measures in clinical and research settings. Some instruments seem to be specific to adolescent's cancer coping assessment and knowledge of these validity and reliability of the instruments may improve the quality of clinical interventions.
The Role of Clay Minerals in the Petrophysical Properties of Carbonate Rocks from the Cotinguiba Formation (Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil)
Authors: Da Luz Clarissa Oliveira , Da Silva Jr. Gerson Cardoso , Dos Santos Ribeiro Mariléa Gomes
Published: March 2023

The Cotinguiba Formation, of Cretaceous age, located in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazilian Northeastern coast, comprises carbonate breccias and carbonate shales interlayered with fine to coarse clastic sediments (mudstones, marls), deposited in the maximum sea level episode during the Cenomanian-Coniacian transgressive event. Core sections were selected from the formation materials, from which 20 plugs were obtained, representing the main carbonate horizons present in Cotinguiba Formation. The selected samples were analyzed with petrophysical and physical methods (air porosimetry, mercury injection, and acoustic wave velocity) and mineralogical methods (optical microscopic analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)). Results showed that the clay minerals’ content in the carbonates varies from 2% to 20%, with illites/micas and interstratified illite/smectite as the most abundant clay minerals, containing also traces of chlorite and kaolinite, and presence of palygorskite varying from trace to 8%. According to the percentages of calcite, dolomite, and siliciclastic + clay minerals obtained in the XRD analysis, the carbonates were lithologically identified as limestone, impure limestone, dolomitic limestone, impure dolomitic limestone, impure calcitic dolostone, and impure dolostone. The rocks have a good porosity, varying from 6% to 20% in the carbonates, predominantly related to microporosity. Clay minerals’ content influenced the grain density and acoustic properties, albeit not having the same role with porosity and permeability. SEM images, though, show that they have an important role in microporosity. Grain density variation related to phyllosilicate content was observed more significantly in impure limestones with a clay content higher than 8%, and a more pronounced decrease was observed in samples with palygorskite. Microporosity is the main factor for reducing Vp and Vs velocities in those carbonates, with values not exceeding 5341 m/s for Vp and 3026 m/s for Vs but, when clay content is higher than 4%, the Vp and Vs wave velocities do not exceed 4100 m/s and 2480 m/s, respectively. Therefore, the research allowed evaluating the influence of mineralogical and textural properties in the petrophysical properties of Cotinguiba Formation.
Environmental Communication of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Fire Disaster Mitigation on Peatlands
Authors: Yasir Yasir , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Samsir Samsir
Published: March 2023

Mitigation of forest and land fires is very important to implement in peatlands. This paper aims to explain the role of Pertamina’s CSR communication in mitigating peatland fires around the company’s operational areas. This research used qualitative methods with case studies. The results showed that Pertamina’s CSR communication contributed to increasing awareness of fire disaster mitigation and changing people’s behavior in utilizing peatlands through the “Kampung Gambut Berdikari” program. In addition, the community was also trained and provided with fire extinguishers to prevent fires on peatlands. CSR implementers establish friendly relations and foster the Tunas Makmur farmer group and the Fire Concern Community (Masyarakat Peduli Api/MPA) group to prevent fires. CSR communication is able to increase the awareness of the surrounding community in managing the peat environment. CSR together with the community develops peat arboretum ecotourism and pineapple plantations for environmental education and improving people’s welfare. This peat arboretum ecotourism is not only a medium of communication to spread educational messages to the farmer community, but also to school students, youth and visitors. In the future, CSR program actors can implement environmental communication as a form of disaster mitigation to prevent forest and peatland fires.
Calidad de información gubernamental en Ecuador. Mensajes sin objetivo para un pueblo que persevera, resiste y publica
Authors: Salazar-Atiencie Gladiz , Punín Larrea María Isabel
Published: March 2023

En octubre de 2019 Ecuador vivió once días de protesta a nivel nacional, ante la intensión del gobierno de ejecutar el Decreto Presidencial 883 que, entre otras cosas, aplicaría un incremento gradual en el precio de los combustibles.

La Secretaría General de Comunicación de la Presidencia (SGCP) difundió 18 comunicados oficiales, textos que permiten realizar un estudio descriptivo-cronológico sobre el manejo de la crisis. La calidad de los comunicados es analizada desde las dimensiones de Kümpel y Springer (2016): relevancia, comprensibilidad, diversidad, imparcialidad y precisión.

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Modelo linguo-didáctico de la traducción desde el tratamiento a la ambigüedad léxico-semántica producida por falsas análogas
Authors: Escalona Falcón Clara Alina , Tardo Fernández Yaritza , Abreus González Adrian , Chávez Caballero Miguel Angel
Published: March 2023

El presente trabajo, resultado de una investigación doctoral, tiene como objetivo diseñar un modelo de la dinámica linguo-didáctica de la traducción, a partir del tratamiento a la ambigüedad léxico-semántica producida por falsas análogas, como fenómeno lingüístico que condiciona insuficiencias en la traducción. Estas insuficiencias han sido previamente corroboradas a través de un diagnóstico realizado a estudiantes de traducción en Cuba, basado en un test de traducción y la verbalización de protocolos, que fundamenta la necesidad de profundizar en el abordaje de este fenómeno desde una perspectiva didáctica. El modelo, diseñado a partir del Método Holístico-Configuracional permite, desde la teoría, el perfeccionamiento de la práctica traductológica en las aulas a partir de relevar la esencia dinamizadora de lo lingüístico-cognitivo y lo didáctico-traductológico.
Research on Electromagnetic Interference Protection of Nuclear Power Unit Equipment Under the Application of New Wireless Technology in Smart Nuclear Power
Authors: Chen Bing , Zhao Guidan , Zhong Zhiping , Zheng Yong , Yu Charlie
Published: March 2023

Intelligence is the trend of industrial development in today’s world, which will inevitably affect the nuclear power field, thus promoting nuclear power industry from digital to intelligent forward. 5G and Wi-Fi6, as a new generation of wireless communication technologies, have important advantages in terms of technical performance and security due to the characteristics of dense personnel, wide equipment distribution, complex facility environment, and special materials used in nuclear power scenarios. Considering the high requirement of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in nuclear power environment, it is urgent to further study the electromagnetic interference and protection requirements of 5G, Wi-Fi6, and other new technologies on nuclear power unit equipment in nuclear power environment. In this paper, combined with relevant national document standards and industry standards, we will sort out the requirements of immunity about radiofrequency radiation (RFR) for the important equipment in nuclear power plants, and use signal generators to simulate new radio signals such as 5G and Wi-Fi6 to test the immunity of nuclear power instruments and meters. Combining the results of the test, we will study the EMC between new wireless technologies and nuclear power plant equipment from different factors, such as power, bandwidth, modulation, distance, and direction. And then, we will summarize the protection requirements about nuclear power equipment and propose interference protection measures.
Design and Testing of a Superelastic Nitinol Tissue Attachment Mechanism for Long-Term Gastrointestinal Device Retention
Authors: Mau Musharrat Mustaree , Sarker Sunandita , Harris Seth , Terry Benjamin S.
Published: March 2023

Ingestible devices have become a popular means for diagnosing and treating the gastrointestinal (GI) tract due to their noninvasive nature. However, their residency period in the GI tract is limited by the transit time through it. In previous work, we designed a tissue attachment mechanism (TAM) inspired by parasitic worms' attachment methods, which were tested for implanting biosensors or drug delivery payloads to the small intestine with a swallowable capsule robot. In that work, the attachment success rate was 91.7%, and the average attachment duration of the TAM was 32.2 h after factorial optimization of major design factors. This work develops a novel nitinol TAM (NTAM) for improving the attachment duration using the shape-changing properties of nitinol. The attachment strength of the NTAM to the intestinal tissue was assessed both ex vivo and in vivo. The attachment duration of the NTAMs in live porcine models was evaluated from radiographic images, and histological analysis of the attachment location of an NTAM was performed after euthanasia. The NTAM was 100% successful in an attachment strength study and achieved a maximum attachment duration of 13 days, while the average attachment duration was 85.63 ± 77.83 h. Histological analysis did not report any permanent damage to the tissue. This work shows a 2.7-fold improvement in attachment duration over the previous design. This work has demonstrated a method of prolonged attachment to the intestinal wall through a swallowable device, which can be used for long-term drug delivery or biosensing.
Swirl Effects On Gas-Liquid Upward Vertical Pipe Flow
Authors: Garcia Matheus M. , Portela Luis M.
Published: March 2023

When swirl is added to gas-liquid upward vertical pipe flows (e.g. inside an inline swirl separator), the classical flow patterns are modified by the centrifugal forces which act pushing the gas towards the center of the pipe and the liquid towards the wall. If the swirl is strong enough, this leads to the formation of a gas column in the center of the pipe, which can be either stable or intermittent. It was observed experimentally that the behavior of the gas column is strongly dependent on the dynamics of the gas-liquid flow upstream of the addition of swirl. In this video, a high speed camera was used to record the gas-liquid flow upstream and downstream of a swirl-generating element for different flow rates of liquid and gas, covering multiple non-swirling (upstream) and swirling flow patterns (downstream). The video: (i) shows the different swirling gas-liquid flow patterns and their dynamic behavior; (ii) analyzes the connection between the dynamics of the swirl patterns and the gas-liquid patterns upstream of the swirl element, via synchronized recordings of the two locations.
Critical Evaluation of a Novel Analysis Technique for Assessment of Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers in High-Temperature Nuclear Service
Authors: Shaw Avinash , Mahajan Heramb P. , Hassan Tasnim
Published: March 2023

Application of printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) to very high-temperature reactors (VHTRs) requires mechanical performance assessment methodologies. The PCHE morphology consists of thousands of millimeter-scale channels, for enhanced thermal efficiency, enclosed in a meter-scale PCHE core. PCHE geometry under thermomechanical creep-fatigue transients results in multi-axial interactions between its different segments, such as channeled core, walls, and headers. These global-level interactions influence the local channel-level responses. Hence, developing a PCHE performance assessment methodology, following the ASME Code, Section III, Division 5 provisions, is a critical gap to be filled. There is no analysis or design methodology available in ASME Code to assess a PCHE for its global and local level performances under high temperature and pressure loadings. This paper critically evaluates a recently proposed two-step analysis technique to estimate global interactions and local channel-level responses of PCHEs. In this novel analysis technique, the channeled PCHE core is replaced with orthotropic solid blocks of representative stiffness properties for the global thermomechanical analysis. Subsequent channel scale submodel analysis with detailed channel geometry, loading, and elastic-perfectly plastic (EPP) material model estimates the local responses for PCHE performance assessment. This paper critically evaluates this novel technique for its effectiveness in PCHE performance assessment. Finite element (FE) models imitating various analysis issues are developed, and FE analysis results are scrutinized. An important outcome of this study is the validation of the novel two-step PCHE analysis technique for application to the performance assessment of PCHEs in VHTRs.
A Vibrating-String Model for Closed-Loop Wave Transmission and Reflection Between the Aorta and Periphery
Authors: Hao Zhili
Published: March 2023

A tube-load model is used to reconstruct aortic pressure waveform from peripheral pressure waveform. Yet, the reconstructed aortic pressure waveform is greatly affected by load impedance used. In this work, a vibrating-string model for closed-loop wave transmission and reflection between the aorta and periphery is developed to examine the roles of all the parameters involved in aortic pressure waveform. The arterial pulsatile wave theory gives rise to the standard one-dimensional wave equation for a vibrating string. A vibrating-string model based on radial displacement of the arterial wall is developed to relate aortic pressure waveform to peripheral pressure waveform, relate load impedance to input impedance, and derive theoretical expressions for associated clinical indices. The vibrating-string model is extended to incorporate blood velocity and is further connected to the left ventricle (LV) to study the role of the LV in aortic pressure waveform. The difference between the vibrating-string model and the tube-load model is also examined. Load impedance is identified as an indispensable independent parameter for reconstruction of aortic pressure waveform with accuracy, and its physiologically realistic harmonic dependence can only be obtained from the measured input impedance. The derived expressions for clinical indices interpret some clinical findings and underscore the role of harmonics in clinical indices. Some misconceptions in the tube-load model are revealed, including load impedance and characteristic impedance. This work clarifies the role of harmonics-dependence of load impedance and harmonics of aortic pressure waveform in determining clinical indices.