bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Hubungan Suhu Cahaya Matahari Terhadap Tegangan Listrik Dan Tekanan Gas Yang Dihasilkan Pada Prototype Stasiun Pengisian Gas Hidrogen Untuk Kendaraan Fuel Cell
Authors: Ramadan Dani , Wibisono Putra Ananda Yhuto , Budiman Abdul Hamid
Published: February 2025

Upaya untuk mewujudkan kendaraan yang memiliki efisiensi tinggi, serta tidak menimbulkan gas buang yang berpolutan sudah menjadi subjek penelitian yang semakin banyak dikembangkan oleh berbagai perusahaan industri otomotif. Ditambah dengan isu perubahan iklim (climate change) yang akhirnya mendesak berbagai inovasi kendaraan untuk segera mengurangi pemakaian bahan bakar minyak bumi, membuat berbagai kemajuan di bidang otomotif untuk mencari pengganti bahan bakar untuk menggerakan mesin seperti listrik, sistem hybrid, dan yang paling terbaru adalah penggunaan fuel cell. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi (PUSPIPTEK) Tangerang dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis, mengkaji, dan merancang sistem pengisisan gas (refuelling station gas hydrogen). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif-eksperimental dengan uji variable suhu cahaya matahari terhadap tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stasiun sistem pengisian gas hidrogen memiliki sistem pengisian yang lebih praktis dalam mengisi bahan bakar untuk kendaraan fuel cell dibandingkan dengan tabung hidrogen pada umumnya. Hubungan antar variabel suhu cahaya matahari berbanding lurus dengan naiknya tegangan listrik pada baterai. Variabel suhu cahaya matahari dan tegangan listrik berpengaruh pada naiknya tekanan gas yang dihasilkan. Namun, sistem penyimpanan tekanan gas sudah disetting agar tidak melebihi kapasitas maksimum. Bagaimanapun, sistem kendaraan yang menggunakan fuel cell sebagai penyalur tenaga menuju mesin ( engine ) hanya mengeluarkan air sebagai hasil akhir proses pembakaran. Tentu, dengan emisi buang yang hanya berupa air, akan menjadikan kendaraan dengan tenaga hidrogen ini kendaraan ramah lingkungan. Meskipun penerapannya di pasar otomotif dunia kendaraan dengan fuel cell ini masih terbatas, namun perkembangan lebih lanjut pada kendaraan dengan fuel cell akan membuat solusi pembaruan dalam menekan tingginya pemakaian minyak bumi sebagai gerakan save the earth pada isu perubahan iklim (climate change).
Pengembangan Sistem Konsultasi Online Pada Klinik Kecantikan Adhwa Beauty Care
Authors: Agirani Juanita , Yang Yang Agita Rindri , Setya Pratama Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Adhwa Beauty Care is a beauty clinic in Pangkalpinang that aims to address administrative complexity by developing an Online Consultation Information System using prototype development methods and the CodeIgniter 3 framework. This research aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of facial consultation and treatment reservations by reducing delays and potential errors. The system enables directed online consultations, providing appropriate answers and treatments while addressing clinic data management issues. The system's implementation assists Adhwa Beauty Care in improving operational efficiency, preventing miscommunication, and delivering more targeted services. This study contributes to the development of an online consultation system to support modern beauty clinics.
Rancang Bangun Pengukur Persentase Lemak Tubuh, Suhu Tubuh, dan Kadar Oksigen dalam Darah Berbasis IoT
Authors: Fadhillah Muhammad , Kullaha Razila , Sulistyo Eko , Silalahi Parulian
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah perangkat pengukur multifungsi berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) yang memanfaatkan metode Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) untuk mengukur persentase lemak tubuh, suhu tubuh, dan kadar oksigen dalam darah secara bersamaan. Perangkat ini dilengkapi dengan sensor bioimpedansi untuk mengukur persentase lemak dalam tubuh, serta sensor suhu dan oksigen terintegrasi untuk mendeteksi suhu tubuh dan kadar oksigen dalam darah. Pengujian perangkat menunjukkan hasil yang sangat memuaskan dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi, seperti berat badan 99,32%, tinggi badan 99,83%, persentase lemak 97,96%, massa non lemak 97,45%, total air dalam tubuh 99,86%, suhu tubuh 98,61%, dan kadar oksigen 99,83%. Hasil pengukuran tersebut ditampilkan pada layar LCD dan dikirimkan ke aplikasi Telegram melalui platform IoT. Dengan mengintegrasikan teknologi BIA, IoT, dan sensor multi-fungsi, diharapkan perangkat ini dapat memberikan pengukuran yang akurat dan terpadu, memberikan kontribusi pada pemantauan kesehatan yang lebih efektif.
State Insureds in the Czech Republic as a Ball and Chain of Future Public Budgets
Authors: Šimčík Adam
Published: February 2025

Czech healthcare is financed through a system of universal and compulsory health insurance based on solidarity. In last years, due to the covid-19 pandemic, there has been an unprecedented expansion of fiscal space for health services through increased payments for state-insured individuals. The article aims to highlight this increasingly important part of the Czech health insurance companies’ revenues and the possible implications for the shape of the Czech health system and for ’he country's future budgets. The significant increase in financing health services through tax redistribution is gradually shifting the Czech health system back toward a national health system model. The existence of (several) health insurance companies is thus slowly but surely losing its key importance thanks to the described mechanism of constant increase of direct payments to the state.
Oral Health of Astronauts in Short- and Long-Term Missions in Space
Authors: Del Fabbro Massimo , Khijmatgar Shahnawaz , Vandenberghe Bart , Kijak Edward , Kulesa-Mrowiecka Malgorzata , Singhal Ishita , Lorusso Felice , Xavier Basil B. , Sampson Victoria , Marfia Giovanni , Neefs Dirk , Tartaglia Gianluca M.
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: Space exploration presents unique challenges to human health due to space radiation, reduced gravity, and prolonged isolation. Astronauts should be prepared to manage medical and dental emergencies. This scoping review maps the evidence on oral health alterations and dental emergencies faced by astronauts during short- and long-term space missions.

METHODS: A “Topical Team” assembled by the European Space Agency performed the review described herein. An electronic search was conducted on scientific databases, reference lists of relevant papers, specific textbooks, and space agencies’ databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies related to dental medicine in microgravity or outer orbital space conditions. Results are presented through narrative format.

RESULTS: Out of 23,686 studies identified, 467 were considered eligible and 80 (54 reviews and 26 human-based studies) were included. The latter were classified into three broad topics: microbiology, space physiology and medicine, and space dentistry. Among the studies involving human subjects, 17 involved individuals who had spent time in space. There are only a few studies about oral health modifications and issues during spaceflight and those have limited evidence. Dental emergencies in space are relatively rare events that tend to increase with mission duration.

DISCUSSION: The impact of microgravity on oral health requires further investigation. Preflight and in-flight measures should focus on prevention and treatment protocols for various dental issues to ensure crew safety and mission success. Understanding and addressing factors affecting oral health in microgravity will enhance the well-being of astronauts and the success of human exploration missions in space.

Del Fabbro M, Khijmatgar S, Vandenberghe B, Kijak E, Kulesa-Mrowiecka M, Singhal I, Lorusso F, Xavier BB, Sampson V, Marfia G, Neefs D, Tartaglia GM. Oral health of astronauts in short- and long-term missions in space. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(2):168–179.
#GlobalJustice?: Social Media, Pedagogy and Activism
Authors: Le Bourdon Madeleine
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the evolvement of pedagogical content on global social injustices across social media (SM). Scholars have sought to evaluate political knowledges gained through SM, and/or debated its effectiveness in mobilising collective action. Shifting focus from top-down evaluations of political knowledge and activism online this paper looks to understand how those most SM active experience pedagogical content on social injustices. Focus groups with high school and university students across the UK highlight four key findings; 1.) young people are extremely cautious about trusting information on SM;2.) trust is more likely with content from those they feel personally connected to; 3.) exposure to lived-experience through SM creates affective learning and reflexivity; 4) SM can provide a catalyst for further learning and activism. Thus, for better or for worse, educators must acknowledge SM shapes understandings of global injustice and adapt teaching to embrace and equip students with appropriate critical skills.
A remark on the Riemann zeta function
Authors: Abe Yukitaka
Published: February 2025

We prove that if the number of nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function which are not on the critical line is finite, then every nontrivial zero in on the critical line.
Isotype diversity of antibodies specific for component allergens in the context of allergic diseases: eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), asthma, and the alpha-gal syndrome (AGS)
Authors: Platts-Mills Thomas A. E. , MacCallum Matthew H. , Wilson Jeffrey M. , Workman Lisa J. , Erwin Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2025

From the earliest days of studying the reagins in allergic sera that give rise to the Prausnitz-Kuestner reaction, there was evidence that there were other types of antibodies (Ab) specific for allergens, particularly those induced by immunotherapy. By 1980, not only was IgE recognized and could be measured, but the presence of other isotypes including IgG and IgA in patients with IgE was well established. From that time onwards the development of monoclonal antibodies made it possible to distinguish and measure antibodies of other isotypes such as IgG4, IgG2, and IgG3. Over the past 40 years two things have dominated the field- firstly, the techniques for measuring isotype specific antibodies to allergens have improved steadily. Secondly, several different allergic diseases or phenomena have been identified in which isotype diversity of the antibodies has become a major issue. Prior to 1990 only occasional cases of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) had been identified, but since then they have become common. Most of the cases have positive skin tests and/or IgE Ab to cow's milk or wheat, but it became obvious that most cases of EoE are not primarily related to IgE. Today it is clear that IgG4 Ab to these allergens play a significant role in cases of EoE. In 2000 the first reports of children developing tolerance to cat allergen appeared. Today it is clear that this tolerance depends on high levels of IgG4 antibodies and there is increasing evidence that the IgG4 response is primarily against Fel d 1. The most recent novel allergic disease is the alpha-gal syndrome (AGS). This condition is based on IgE antibodies specific for the oligosaccharide galactose alpha,1-3-galactose, which are primarily induced by tick bites. However, in this case it was already well known that all immunocompetent primates have made IgG and IgM antibodies to this oligosaccharide. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the IgG isotypes, particularly IgG1 and IgG3, play a role in the inflammatory response to the oligosaccharide. Overall, it is clear that current and future investigation of allergic diseases requires careful assessment of allergen specific antibodies of diverse isotypes in addition to IgE.
Species evolution: cryptic species and phenotypic noise with a particular focus on fungal systematics
Authors: Ekanayaka Anusha H. , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Tibpromma Saowaluck , Dutta Arun Kumar , Tennakoon Danushka Sandaruwan , Karunarathna Anuruddha , Chukeatirote Ekachai , Dai Dong-Qin , Stephenson Steven L. , Maharachchikumbura Sajeewa S. N. , Liu Chao , Phillips Alan J. L.
Published: February 2025

The evolution of a species can be understood in the context of two major concepts—the cryptic species concept and the phenotypic noise concept. The former represents morphologically indistinguishable but genetically distinct evolutionary lineages, while the latter represents the phenotypic variations of an isogenic population. Although the concept of cryptic species currently represents a general topic, its effect on other aspects of biology, such as biodiversity, ecology, evolutionary biology, and taxonomy, is still unclear. In particular, cryptic species cause complications and prevent the development of a clear taxonomy. The phenotypic noise concept or phenotypic plasticity generally refers to the various expressions of phenotypes in different environments. Hence, the cryptic species concept refers to genetic variations, while the phenotypic noises concept is about non-genetic variations. Although both concepts are opposites, they each contribute significantly to the evolutionary process of an organism. Despite the extensive research studies and publications discussing those two concepts in separate accounts, a concise account that combines and compares both concepts are generally lacking. Nevertheless, these are essential to understand the evolutionary process clearly. This review addresses the available literature on this topic, intending to provide a general and overall discussion on both the cryptic species concept and the phenotypic noise concept and their effect on evolution, ecology, biodiversity, and taxonomy with a special focus on fungal systematics. hence, several fungal case studies representing the two concepts are presented, compared, and discussed for a better understanding.
Knowledge management and the power of communication: INDESGUA as a social technology enabling equitable access to scholarships in Guatemala
Authors: Bonilla Kleinsy , Barrientos Natalia Ortiz , Contreras Miguel Alejandro Saquimux
Published: February 2025

This community case study examines the actors, conditions and context in which scholarships offered by international cooperation programs to access higher education are managed in Guatemala. It documents a communication-based social technology initiative led by organized local civil society: the Institute for the Development of Higher Education in Guatemala—INDESGUA, a nonprofit organization founded in 2007. Using a qualitative methodology that combines in-depth and semi-structured interviews with an analysis of organizational records, this article reflects on the mediating role INDESGUA plays between individuals (demand side) seeking scholarships and providers (offer side), with specific objectives of facilitating access to traditionally excluded groups of Guatemalan society, specifically rural youth, young women, and indigenous populations. The analysis covers 2007 to 2023. The findings show that knowledge management and communication are central elements of INDESGUA’s operation and promote social inclusion. However, structural inequalities and contextual systematic biases may limit the effectiveness of these efforts.
A review of human factors and infusion pumps: lessons for procurement
Authors: Herrero Laura , Cano Marina , Ratwani Raj , Sánchez Laura , Sánchez Blanca , Sancibrián Ramón , Peralta Galo
Published: February 2025

Integrating advanced technologies like medical devices in healthcare is crucial for addressing critical challenges, but patient safety must remain the top priority. In modern clinical settings, medical devices, such as infusion devices used to administer fluids and drugs, carry risks from use errors, requiring a focus on usability and human factors engineering (HFE). Despite the significance of integrating HFE into technology selection processes, it is often overlooked. A review of five key articles demonstrates how applying HFE principles in procurement strategies can enhance device usability and patient safety. Although designed to reduce medication errors, infusion devices can still cause over-infusion or delays, indicating the need for improved safety features that must be considered in the context of sociotechnical systems. The reviewed studies suggest incorporating HFE in design, purchasing, and implementation to address these issues. The studies highlight various HFE methodologies, showing a wide variation in design, deployment, interpretation, and reporting. This comprehensive examination underscores the importance of standardised evaluations to ensure safer and more effective medical devices, emphasizing the essential role of HFE in advancing patient safety within healthcare settings.
Toward an adaptive learning assessment pathway
Authors: Machkour Mounia , El Jihaoui Mohamed , Lamalif Latifa , Faris Sophia , Mansouri Khalifa
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to investigate how an adaptive assessment pathway can contribute to promoting personalized learning and improving access to education for all learners, regardless of their individual learning styles, paces, or needs. The study suggests a personalized learning assessment plan incorporating differentiated pedagogy and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). We conduct the experiment using the Moodle platform, taking advantage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to reach a larger number of learners. The research used a mixed methodology to qualitatively analyze traditional learning assessment pathways’ limitations and quantitatively examine the proposed adaptive pathway’s impact on learning outcomes. While the results show a significant improvement in learning outcomes (88.9% improvement in Text study, 50% in Language activity, 55.6% in Writing, 80.6% in Total Control, and 77.8% in Oral production), the study also highlights the need for further research into the mechanisms, strategies, tools, approaches, issues, and future prospects associated with learning assessment.
The association of lipid accumulation product with inflammatory parameters and mortality: evidence from a large population-based study
Authors: Chi Yi , Zhang Yiqing , Lin Huang , Zhou Shanshan , Jia Genlin , Wen Wei
Published: February 2025

Background

Obesity is closely associated with lipid metabolism, and the accumulation of lipids leads to low-level inflammation in the body, which can trigger cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to explore the association between a novel marker of lipid accumulation, the abdominal volume index (AVI), inflammatory parameters, and mortality.

Methods

This study enrolled 2,109 older adult senior citizens (aged over 60 years) with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The primary endpoints included all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, which were assessed by linking the data to the National Death Index records. Cox regression model and subgroup analysis were constructed to investigate the associations between AVI and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Restricted cubic splines were employed to further explore the relationships among AVI, inflammatory parameters, and mortality. By considering inflammatory factors as mediators, we investigate the mediating effects of AVI on mortality.

Results

After a median follow-up of 69 months, there were 1,260 deaths, with 337 attributed to cardiovascular causes within the older adult population studied. In the multivariable-adjusted model, AVI was positively associated with both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.06–1.11 for all-cause mortality; HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03–1.12 for cardiovascular mortality]. Kaplan-Meier survival plots indicated an overall median survival time of 144 months. Mediation analysis revealed that Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), Monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR), and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) mediated 27.15%, 35.15%, and 16.55%, respectively, of the association between AVI and all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

AVI is positively associated with all-cause mortality in older adults with hypertension, and this association appears to be partially mediated by inflammatory parameters.
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing for childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms: effectiveness, duration and completion
Authors: Doherty A. , Nagle U. , Doyle J. , Duffy R. M.
Published: February 2025

Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms (CB-PTSS) occur in 12% of women and 3%–6% of mothers meet criteria for childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD). Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has shown promising results in this population. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of EMDR on CB-PTSS and CB-PTSD; to investigate the effect of EMDR duration on symptom reduction; to measure the EMDR completion rate; and to explore sample characteristics that may be associated with completion or effectiveness. A retrospective analysis was conducted of women (n = 34) who commenced EMDR for CB-PTSS or CB-PTSD in an Irish urban maternity hospital. Symptom severity was measured using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) pre- and post-EMDR. Pre-intervention, 64.7% (n = 22) of the sample met criteria for a provisional diagnosis of PTSD. The majority of women (61.8%) demonstrated a ≥ 10 point reduction on PCL-5 following EMDR. There was no correlation between reduction in PCL-5 score and number of EMDR sessions (r = −0.12, p = 0.504). The EMDR completion rate was 70.6%. Analyses did not identify any variables that were associated with EMDR completion or effectiveness. To our knowledge, this is the largest studied sample of women who have received EMDR for CB-PTSD or CB-PTSS. EMDR may be an effective intervention for CB-PTSS and CB-PTSD, even in women with a history of prior trauma, co-morbid mental health problems, or long-term symptoms. EMDR is easily-delivered with a low drop-out rate. Limitations include lack of a control group and long-term follow-up, and statistical analyses were limited by sample size.
Prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C infection and associated factors among pregnant women in southeast Ethiopia: community-based crossectional study
Authors: Mohammed Nuruzelam , Kassim Jeylan , Aliyi Ahmednur Adem , Abdurebi Muhammed Jemal
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Hepatitis B or C infection during pregnancy increases the risk of vertical transmission, which is risky for the growing fetus and the newborn. In order to prevent such adverse effects and outcomes, it is crucial to understand the scope of the problem. However, absence of data on community-based Prevalence of viral hepatitis among pregnant women and conflicting evidence from facility-based study shows there is paucity of information on seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C virus infection among pregnant women.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 pregnant women selected from three selected kebeles of Robe town. Study participants were selected using systematic sampling technique. Data were collected through pretested interviewer administered questionnaire and three milliliter blood sample were collected and tested for HBsAgn and Anti-HCV Antibodies. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used to summarize data. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with occurrence of Hepatitis B and C virus among pregnant women. Accordingly, variables with P value < 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were declared as candidate for multivariable logistic regression. From multivariable logistic regression adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were computed. Those variable with p- value <0.05 were declared as factor associated with dependent variable.

Results and discussion

A total of 410 pregnant women participated in the study, which yielded a response rate of 97.2%. The seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections was found to be 7.6%, and 2.2% respectively, whereas one (0.24%) woman was co-infected. History of dental extraction (AOR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.09, 6.69), hospital admission (AOR = 6.96, 95%CI 1.73, 27.99), household contact (AOR = 3.93, 95% CI 1.37, 11.25), tattooing (AOR = 3.50 95% CI 2.31, 12.35), sexually transmitted infection (AOR = 11.42 95% CI 3.10, 42.35) were significantly associated with HBsAg infection whereas history of blood transfusion (AOR 5.58, 95% CI 1.03, 30.05, P = 0.045) and household contact (AOR 7.49, 95% CI 1.34, 41.76) were significantly associated with HCV infection among pregnant women.

Conclusions

The Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was moderate endemicity according to WHO classification. Finding from present study shows different factors that plays great role in transmission of viral hepatitis.
Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradients
Authors: Fernández-Vilert Robert , Arranz Vanessa , Martín-Huete Marta , Hernández José Carlos , González-Delgado Sara , Pérez-Portela Rocío
Published: February 2025

Ocean acidification (OA) stands out as one of the main threats to marine ecosystems. OA leads to a reduction in the availability of carbonate ions, which are essential for marine calcifiers such as echinoderms. We aim to understand the physiological responses of two sea urchin species, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula to low pH conditions and determine whether their responses result from phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation. The study is divided into two parts: plasticity response over time, measuring respiration rates of individuals from the Mediterranean Sea exposed to low pH over seven days, and adaptation and plasticity under changing pH, analyzing individuals inhabiting a pH gradient in a natural CO2 vent system located in La Palma Island, Spain. Over the seven days of low pH exposure, distinct patterns in respiration rates were revealed, with both species demonstrating potential for acclimatization. Notably, P. lividus and A. lixula displayed unsynchronized acidosis/alkalosis cycles, suggesting different physiological mechanisms. Additionally, environmental history seemed to influence adaptive capacity, as specimens from fluctuating pH environments exhibited respiration rates similar to those from stable environments with heightened phenotypic plasticity. Overall, our results suggest that both species possess the capacity for metabolic plasticity, which may enhance their resilience to future OA scenarios but likely involve energetic costs. Moreover, CO2 vent systems may serve as OA refugia, facilitating long-term survival. Understanding the plastic responses versus adaptations is crucial for predicting the effects of OA on species distribution and abundance of marine organisms in response to ongoing climate change.
Experimental assessment of energy consumption: a comparative study between motor-controlled and valve-controlled cylinders in knuckle boom crane operations
Authors: Zhao Wei , Ebbesen Morten Kjeld , Hansen Michael Rygaard , Andersen Torben Ole
Published: February 2025

This paper experimentally assess the energy consumption of a laboratory knuckle boom crane utilizing two proposed two-motor-two-pump (2M2P) motor-controlled hydraulic cylinders (MCC) in comparison to two conventional valve-controlled hydraulic cylinders (VCC). Experimental results demonstrate that using the motor-controlled crane instead of the valve-controlled crane results in 60%–64% total energy savings. In conclusion, this study highlights the practical suitability of the 2M2P MCCs for real-world applications, showcasing their enhanced energy efficiency compared to conventional VCCs.
Case report: Successful laparoscopic management of early abdominal pregnancy
Authors: Li Haixia , Feng Limin , Zhang Shengpeng
Published: February 2025

Background

Abdominal pregnancy is characterized by the implantation of the gestational sac within the peritoneal cavity, specifically outside the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and cervix. This exceedingly rare form of ectopic pregnancy accounts for about 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. When rupture occurs, it can result in a life-threatening situation for the patient, necessitating immediate medical intervention.

Case information

In this study, we report a 33-year-old female patient who presented with abdominal pain and was subsequently diagnosed with an early abdominal pregnancy. Laparoscopic intervention revealed gestational tissue and a rupture site located in the pouch of Douglas. The gestational tissue was successfully excised via laparoscopy, and the rupture site was sutured to achieve hemostasis. Postoperative histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of chorionic villi and trophoblast cells.

Conclusion

This case highlights the critical importance of precise diagnosis and laparoscopic intervention in the management of abdominal pregnancy. It is imperative for clinicians to exercise a prudent approach in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pregnancy, utilizing a comprehensive assessment that integrates medical history, clinical manifestations, and auxiliary diagnostic tests to enhance the detection and comprehension of this condition.
Novel mitochondrial-targeted alkyl chains act as fungal specific inhibitors of C. neoformans
Authors: Edrich Elizabeth S. M. , Young Luke , Spencer John , McGown Andrew , Moore Anthony L. , Gourlay Campbell W.
Published: February 2025

Cryptococcus neoformans is the causal agent of cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised patients and increasing instances of anti-fungal resistance have led to investigations into new alternative antifungal targets. For example, C. neoformans possesses an Alternative Oxidase enzyme (Aox) that has been implicated in stress resistance and virulence that may represent a viable antifungal target. Here we test the efficacy of mitochondrially-targeted Colletochlorin B, which has been shown to inhibit the Aox of Candida albicans in vitro. Two derivatives of Colletochlorin B, which we modified to improve delivery to mitochondria, were identified as putative fungal-specific inhibitors. ALTOX094 and ALTOX102 were able to inhibit Aox and cytochrome bc1in vitro and demonstrated strong inhibitory effects against C. neoformans growth and viability. Further analysis suggested that the antifungal properties of ALTOX094 and ALTOX102 were attributable to different modes of action and forms of cell death, governed largely by the alkyl chain length used to tether Colletochlorin B to the mitochondria targeting triphenylphosphine (TPP) moiety. Our findings add to the growing evidence that functionalized mitochondria targeted alkyl chains may developed further as an effective class of antifungal and are effective against C. neoformans.
Stochastic variational inference improves quantification of multiple timepoint arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI
Authors: Kirk Thomas F. , Kenyon Georgia G. , Craig Martin S. , Chappell Michael A.
Published: February 2025

Multiple-timepoint arterial spin labelling MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that permits measurement of both cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time, the latter of which is an emerging biomarker of interest for cerebrovascular health. Quantification of arterial spin labelling data is challenging due to the low signal to noise ratio and non-linear tracer kinetics of this technique. In this work, we introduce a new quantification method called SSVB that addresses limitations in existing methods and demonstrate its performance using simulations and acquisition data. Simulations showed that the method is more accurate, particularly for estimating arterial transit time, and more robust to noise than existing techniques. On high spatial resolution data acquired at 3 T, the method produced less noisy parameter maps than the comparator method and captured greater variation in arterial transit time on a cross-sectional cohort.
Association between serum carotenoids levels and endometriosis risk: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Huang Jian
Published: February 2025

Background

The relationship between serum levels of carotenoids and endometriosis remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the association between serum levels of major carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and trans-lycopene) and the risk of endometriosis in US women.

Methods

The data were obtained from the 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), which included a total of 3,636 women aged 20 to 54. Serum levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and trans-lycopene were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection. Endometriosis was defined as self-report. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations of the serum levels of the major carotenoids with endometriosis risk. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was employed to assess the possibility of nonlinear associations. Finally, subgroup analyses were utilized to estimate the influence of several covariates on the associations.

Results

Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that, after adjusting for all covariates taken into account, there was a significant association between serum lutein/zeaxanthin levels and reduced risk of endometriosis (Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42–0.90; Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36–0.81, P for trend = 0.001). However, no significant associations of serum levels of other carotenoids with endometriosis were found in multivariable-adjusted models that included all covariates. RCS analysis did not reveal any non-linear relationships. Subgroup analyses indicated that the inverse association between serum lutein/zeaxanthin levels and reduced endometriosis risk was significant only in individuals under 40 years of age, in both White and non-White populations, in smokers, and among those who had ever used oral contraceptives.

Conclusion

Serum lutein/zeaxanthin levels may offer protective effects against endometriosis in specific subpopulations. Further prospective research is necessary to validate these findings.
Leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava: diagnostic features on contrast-enhanced CT, ultrasonography and MRI
Authors: Xu Xiaolin , Zhao Shilei , Xue Lifang
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To evaluate clinical presentation and imaging characteristics of leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava (IVC LMS) using contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to identify features that facilitate early and accurate pre-operative diagnosis.

Materials and methods

Our study enrolled 21 patients with pathologically confirmed IVC LMS from October 2015 to June 2022. All participants underwent CECT, and additionally, 12 participants had US examinations and 3 had MRI. Images were independently reviewed by two experienced radiologists. The clinical presentations and diagnostic characteristics were recorded.

Results

The study involved 16 female and 5 male patients, with an average age of 55 ± 11 years (ranging from 34 to 80 years). Common clinical symptoms included abdominal pain, back pain, leg discomfort, abdominal distension, jaundice, and the presence of an abdominal mass. On CT scans, a large, lobulated, heterogeneous mass with progressive enhancement was typically seen in 13 of the 21 patients (61.9%). Ultrasonography revealed that IVC LMS typically presented as a lobulated, heterogeneous, hypoechoic mass. Color Doppler imaging evaluated lumen obstruction in 8 of the 12 patients (66.7%), and high velocity flow signals were detected by Pulsed wave Doppler in 4 of the 12 patients (33.3%). On MRI, IVC LMS presented as a heterogeneous mass that exhibited intermediate intensity on T1-weighted images, slightly high intensity on T2-weighted images and high intensity on diffusion-weighted images.

Conclusion

Several diagnostic characteristics on CECT, US and MRI could aid in the diagnosis of IVC LMS. The detection of a heterogeneous mass with progressive enhancement along the inferior vena cava on CECT was strongly indicative of IVC LMS. Both CT and US are effective in accurately indicating the location of the tumor within the IVC.
Exploring the role of artificial intelligence in chemotherapy development, cancer diagnosis, and treatment: present achievements and future outlook
Authors: Abdul Rasool Hassan Bassam , Mohammed Ali Haider , Hallit Souheil , Malaeb Diana , Hosseini Hassan
Published: February 2025

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in oncology, offering promising applications in chemotherapy development, cancer diagnosis, and predicting chemotherapy response. Despite its potential, debates persist regarding the predictive accuracy of AI technologies, particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL).

Objective

This review aims to explore the role of AI in forecasting outcomes related to chemotherapy development, cancer diagnosis, and treatment response, synthesizing current advancements and identifying critical gaps in the field.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to 2023. Keywords included “Artificial Intelligence (AI),” “Machine Learning (ML),” and “Deep Learning (DL)” combined with “chemotherapy development,” “cancer diagnosis,” and “cancer treatment.” Articles published within the last four years and written in English were included. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment tool was utilized to assess the risk of bias in the selected studies.

Conclusion

This review underscores the substantial impact of AI, including ML and DL, on cancer diagnosis, chemotherapy innovation, and treatment response for both solid and hematological tumors. Evidence from recent studies highlights AI’s potential to reduce cancer-related mortality by optimizing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment plans, and improving therapeutic outcomes. Future research should focus on addressing challenges in clinical implementation, ethical considerations, and scalability to enhance AI’s integration into oncology care.
The role of lactylation in tumor growth and cancer progression
Authors: Al-Malsi Khulood , Xie Sinan , Cai Yunshi , Mohammed Nader , Xie Kunlin , Lan Tian , Wu Hong
Published: February 2025

Background

Lactate’s perception of lactate has changed over the last 30 years from a straightforward metabolic byproduct to a complex chemical with important biological activities, such as signal transduction, gluconeogenesis, and mitochondrial respiration. In addition to its metabolic contributions, lactate has far-reaching repercussions. This review highlights the role of lactate in the course of cancer by highlighting lactylation as a unique epigenetic alteration. The purpose of this review is to clarify the functions of lactate in the biology of tumors, with a particular focus on the translational potential of lactylation pathways in cancer diagnosis and treatment approaches.

Methods

This review summarizes research on the relationship between lactate and cancer, with an emphasis on histone lactylation, its effect on gene expression, and its influence on the tumor microenvironment. By establishing a connection between metabolic byproducts and epigenetic gene regulation, we investigated how lactylation affects immune regulation, inflammation, and cellular repair.

Findings

Histone lactylation, or the addition of lactate to lysine residues on histone proteins, increases transcriptional activity and facilitates the expression of genes involved in homeostasis and repair. These findings have important implications for cancer treatment. Lactylation, for example, activates genes such as Arg1, which is a hallmark of the M2 macrophage phenotype implicated in immunosuppression and tumor growth. The ability of lactate to dynamically alter gene expression is further supported by its function as a histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor and its impact on histone acetylation. Its wide-ranging involvement in cellular metabolism and epigenetic control has been demonstrated by the discovery of particular lactylation sites on histones in various cell types, including cancer cells.
Case Report: Diagnostic itinerary of a male case of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Bouake
Authors: Traore Aissata Doucoure , Koffi Joseph Kan Enock , Koffi Christ Ziahy Reine Marie , Yao Konan Joe Clovis , Goua Jean Jacque , Kouakou Ehaulier Soh Christian , Tia Weu Melanie , Daboiko Felix Jean Claude
Published: February 2025

Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JLES) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. It is more common in girls but can occur in boys. Its onset at an early age is more severe, causing potentially fatal damage if not treated early. It is a polymorphous condition, misleading at first and little known in our African populations. We report a case of 12 years of misdiagnosis in a 17-year-old boy living in a semi-rural environment. This case illustrates the shortage of paediatric rheumatologists and marks a breaking point in the diagnosis of the disease, which is sometimes difficult even for practitioners, making it difficult for sick children to access care. It is important to make the general public, as well as nurses and doctors, aware of the importance of early diagnosis for effective and efficient treatment.
A review on intrathecal administration of medications for leptomeningeal metastases in solid tumors
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Yao Chi , Quan Li , Zhou Junxiang
Published: February 2025

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a particular mode of central metastasis in malignant tumors. It occurs when tumor cells infiltrate the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), spreading throughout the central nervous system (CNS). LMD is a rare but devastating complication of malignant tumors. It can occur in various types of cancers, with lung and breast cancer being the most frequently associated. The treatment approach for LMD includes a combination of supportive care, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and intrathecal (IT) therapy, among other modalities. Despite the challenges in determining the optimal treatment for LMD, IT therapy remains one of the primary therapeutic strategies. This therapy can directly circumvent the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, a low-dose medication can achieve a higher drug concentration in the CSF, resulting in better cytotoxic effects. Chemotherapy drugs such as methotrexate, cytarabine, and thiotepa have been widely studied as traditional IT therapies. In recent years, the advent of novel anti-tumor drugs has led to a growing number of agents being employed for IT administration in the treatment of malignant tumors with LMD. This article presents a comprehensive review of the current advancements in IT administration of chemotherapy, targeted, and immunotherapy drugs for the treatment of LMD in solid tumors. In addition, we also discuss the safety issues associated with IT therapy, summarize the advantages of IT administration of different types of anti-tumor drugs, and put forward some suggestions for reducing adverse reactions. It is hoped that future research will focus on exploring more potentially effective anti-tumor drugs for IT treatment, conducting in-depth pharmacokinetic studies, and developing long-acting and low-toxic IT administration regimens for the treatment of meningeal metastases.
Adaptive Judo and neuropathy: a mini review on motor skills, balance, and quality of life improvement
Authors: Nerozzi Erika , Prada Valeria , Pegreffi Francesco , Grandis Marina , Schenone Angelo , Pierantozzi Emanuela
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Peripheral neuropathies are progressive conditions characterized by muscle weakness, impaired balance, and reduced quality of life. Rehabilitation programs and adaptive sports have shown promise in mitigating these effects. This paper explores the potential of adaptive Judo to improve motor skills, balance, and overall quality of life in patients with neuropathy.

Methods

We review existing literature, analyze the benefits of Judo’s physical and cognitive demands, and propose adaptive guidelines for its implementation.

Results

This study highlights Judo’s potential as a cost-effective and scalable intervention to support neuropathic patients.

Conclusion

This review emphasizes the evidence-based benefits of adapted Judo training has the potential to transform both the physical and emotional health of neuropathic individuals.
Relationship between physical literacy and mental health in adolescents: a moderated mediation model with resilience and physical activity as variables
Authors: Shanshan Zhu , Ping Tao , Jiabin Lin , Tianzhuo Liu , Xiaomei Lai , Bolei Wang , Leifu Dai , Jianfeng Tang
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Physical literacy is defined as the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding to value and take responsibility for engaging in physical activities for life, and may be associated with higher mental health; however, few studies have explored the processes underlying these positive associations.

Objectives

The present study aimed to explore the role of resilience in the relationship between physical literacy and mental health, and further examines the mediating role of physical activity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited a sample of 1,022 (aged 10–18 years, Mage = 14.84, SD = 1.79, 44.9% male) Chinese students, grades five to twelve, via physical education courses. The hypothesized moderated mediation model was employed using Model 4 and Model 8 of the PROCESS macro for SPSS to examine the relationships between physical literacy, mental health, resilience, and physical activity.

Results

Physical literacy was positively and significantly correlated with mental health (r = 0.364, p < 0.001), and resilience (r = 0.486, p < 0.001). After controlling for sex and grade variables, resilience mediated the relationship between adolescent physical literacy and mental health, physical activity moderated the relationship between physical literacy and resilience in the mediator model but not between physical literacy and mental health.

Discussion

The present study suggests that could physical literacy predict increased levels of resilience, which could then lead to higher mental health. However, this mediation effect may fluctuate across individuals with different levels of physical activity. Overall, this study may reveal that physical literacy promotes resilience and mental health processes in individuals with different levels of physical activity.