bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Counts as Internationalization? Deconstructing the Internationalization Imperative
Authors: Buckner Elizabeth , Stein Sharon
Published: February 2019

This article examines how internationalization is defined by three leading higher education professional associations: NAFSA, the International Association of Universities, and the European Association of International Education. We examine key publications to understand which activities, topics, and constituencies are included in conceptualizations of internationalization and, conversely, which are absent. We find that all three rely on similar definitions that emphasize international students, student and scholarly mobility, and curricular change. We argue that current definitions are largely de-politicized and de-historicized, while internationalization is often assumed to mean more and better coverage of the globe. Little attention is given to the ethics of international engagement, particularly across unequal relations of power. We conclude with numerous questions for administrators and faculty engaged in internationalization that seek to deepen conversations about this work. In particular, we emphasize the importance of identifying enduring patterns of global inequality, recognizing ethical responsibilities, and enabling alternative possibilities.
Understanding the Heterogeneity of International Students’ Experiences: A Case Study of Chinese International Students in U.S. Universities
Authors: Heng Tang T.
Published: February 2019

Scholars have critiqued the current understanding of international students for glossing over its diversity, resulting in the reification of the “international student experience” as either homogeneous or clustered along nationality. Through a qualitative case study of 18 Chinese international students, this article examines the heterogeneity of their experiences despite a common nationality. Findings reveal that Chinese international students’ communication in English, engagement with subject content, preparation for the future, and participation in extracurricular activities vary by year of study, field of study, and, to a small extent, gender. Even within a single nationality, experiences of students are uneven and intersect across various categorical lines, suggesting the possibility that other international students may encounter diverse and intersectional experiences as well. Findings point to how we need to re-conceive and research international students by examining the heterogeneous nature of their experiences, and how higher education institutions can differentiate support given to internationals.
Analytical validation of fecal 3-bromotyrosine concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Sattasathuchana Panpicha , Thengchaisri Naris , Suchodolski Jan S. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Steiner Jörg M.
Published: February 2019

Studies that have used serum 3-bromotyrosine (3-BrY) to investigate eosinophil activation in dogs have found elevated 3-BrY levels in clinical patients with chronic enteropathy (CE). To our knowledge, a method to measure 3-BrY concentrations in feces has not been reported. We developed and analytically validated an electron ionization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method to measure fecal 3-BrY concentrations in dogs. The mean and maximum fecal 3-BrY concentrations in healthy dogs ( n = 40) and dogs with CE ( n = 40) over 3 consecutive days were compared. Analytical validation had a limit of blank and a limit of detection of 2.5 and 3.7 mmol/g of feces, respectively. The mean coefficients of variation for precision and reproducibility for 3-BrY were 11.2% (range: 7.5–14.2%) and 10.1% (4.8–15.2%), respectively. The ranges of observed-to-expected ratios for linearity and accuracy were 81.3–125% and 85.4–120%, respectively. The reference intervals for mean and maximum fecal 3-BrY concentrations in 40 healthy dogs were 3.7–23.0 and 3.7–37.8 mmol/g of feces. Mean and maximum fecal 3-BrY concentrations in dogs with CE were significantly higher than those of healthy dogs ( p < 0.001). Further research is warranted to determine the clinical usefulness of fecal 3-BrY concentrations in dogs with CE.
A novel low-frequency broadband piezoelectric energy harvester combined with a negative stiffness vibration isolator
Authors: Cao Dongxing , Guo Xiangying , Hu Wenhua
Published: February 2019

The transformation of waste vibration energy into low-power electricity has been intensely researched over the last decade to enable self-sustained wireless electronic components. Many kinds of nonlinear oscillators have been explored by several research groups in an effort to enhance the frequency bandwidth of operation. The negative stiffness vibration isolator, as a kind of passive vibration isolator, has undergone extensive investigation because of its low-frequency isolator characteristics. In this article, a novel broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, which can be used for low-frequency ambient mechanical energy harvesting, is designed, and its dynamic responses are analyzed based on the advantage of the negative stiffness vibration isolator. The multi-scale perturbation method is applied to solve the electromechanical equations of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester and obtain approximate analytical solutions. Solutions based on the analytical method and numerical simulations reveal the characteristics of significant broadband performance. The effects of the various system parameters on the frequency responses and output voltage of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester system are investigated in detail, and the vibration isolation ability is verified by experimental measurements. It was concluded that the proposed piezoelectric vibration energy harvester achieved broadband vibration energy harvesting in the low-frequency vibration range.
Human (and Posthuman?) Dancing: An Assemblage
Authors: Badley Graham Francis
Published: February 2019

Here is an assemblage of mystories, I-stories, and we-stories focusing (fuzzily) on the contribution that dance-stories could or might make to critical qualitative inquiry. This ensemble of fragments, collected or made-up bits and pieces, challenges us as academics or general readers to figure out what the performances of dancing human (or even posthuman) bodies could or might tell us.
Cooling curve in production sweetened concentrated milk supplemented with whey: Influence on the size and microstructure of lactose crystals
Authors: Smykov IT , Gnezdilova AI , Vinogradova YuV , Muzykantova AV , Lyamina AK
Published: February 2019

The aim of this work was to develop a methodology to calculate the cooling curve for the sweetened condensed milk with added whey powder production and to assess the cooling regime effect on the distribution of lactose crystals’ size and their microstructure. It is proposed to use a two-stage cooling curve. At the first stage, the cooling is carried out at a high speed, and at the second with a speed that varies depending on the rate of lactose crystallization. Electron microscopic studies have confirmed the cooling regime effect on the crystals’ microstructure. The practical use of the developed regime showed that the two-stage cooling regime allows to reduce the size of lactose crystals (P < 0.05) and improve the quality of the finished product.
Pinning to Cope: Using Pinterest for Chronic Pain Management
Authors: Guidry Jeanine P. D. , Benotsch Eric G.
Published: February 2019

Chronic pain is an increasing public health concern, with an associated poor quality of life. Social media platforms play an increasing role in health communication issues, but visual platforms such as Pinterest are understudied. This study analyzed 502 Pinterest posts for chronic pain–related variables, including health belief model constructs, as well as measures of social support and coping mechanisms. Most pins mentioned the high severity of chronic pain, and a third mentioned self-efficacy related to self-care, while almost 50% referred to cues to action related to self-care. This study positions Pinterest as a social media platform with the potential to both transfer knowledge and provide social support for patients with chronic pain. Health care and public health practitioners should consider participating in these conversations as well as providing quality information to ensure that reputably sourced information is available.
Harnessing billions of tasks for a scalable portable hydrodynamic simulation of the merger of two stars
Authors: Heller Thomas , Lelbach Bryce Adelstein , Huck Kevin A , Biddiscombe John , Grubel Patricia , Koniges Alice E , Kretz Matthias , Marcello Dominic , Pfander David , Serio Adrian , Frank Juhan , Clayton Geoffrey C , Pflüger Dirk , Eder David , Kaiser Hartmut
Published: February 2019

We present a highly scalable demonstration of a portable asynchronous many-task programming model and runtime system applied to a grid-based adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamic simulation of a double white dwarf merger with 14 levels of refinement that spans 17 orders of magnitude in astrophysical densities. The code uses the portable C++ parallel programming model that is embodied in the HPX library and being incorporated into the ISO C++ standard. The model represents a significant shift from existing bulk synchronous parallel programming models under consideration for exascale systems. Through the use of the Futurization technique, seemingly sequential code is transformed into wait-free asynchronous tasks. We demonstrate the potential of our model by showing results from strong scaling runs on National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center’s Cori system (658,784 Intel Knight’s Landing cores) that achieve a parallel efficiency of 96.8% using billions of asynchronous tasks.
The Uniqueness of Revenue Management Approaches in Nontraditional Settings: The Case of the Golf Industry
Authors: Noone Breffni M. , Enz Cathy A. , Canina Linda
Published: February 2019

This study focuses on two demand and supply characteristics that may affect the transferability of revenue management (RM) practices from traditional (e.g., hotels) to nontraditional (e.g., golf, restaurants, entertainment venues) RM settings. Consumption within many nontraditional RM settings is largely discretionary in nature, with the potential to affect how demand and price should be managed across the booking horizon. Equally, operators are often challenged with a high degree of time-based inventory complexity, which may require that price and inventoried demand are managed at a greater level of granularity than traditional RM applications dictate. Using longitudinal golf reservations data, we found that superior revenue performance was associated with capturing a higher proportion of demand early in the booking horizon, rather than protecting inventory at higher prices for late bookers. Competitive price positioning in which price was higher than the competition during within-day peak-demand tee times also shaped revenue gains. Similarly, conversion management was found to be most critical during within-day peak demand periods. These findings suggest that traditional RM strategies may not apply in nontraditional RM settings where one or both of the demand and supply characteristics of interest is present. The implications of these findings for practitioners are explored.
Iatrogenic CNS demyelination in the era of modern biologics
Authors: Kumar Neha , Abboud Hesham
Published: February 2019

The number of reported cases of iatrogenic demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) is on the rise. This is, in part, related to the recent expansion in the use of biologics. Review of literature from the past decade suggests that in addition to vaccines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors are the most frequently cited inducers of central inflammation. About one-third of demyelinating cases in the setting of TNF-alpha inhibitors evolve into full-blown multiple sclerosis. In addition to demyelination, checkpoint inhibitors may also cause accelerated paraneoplastic encephalitis and other antibody-mediated conditions. Luckily, the overall prognosis of iatrogenic central inflammation is favorable, with most cases having partial or complete response to steroids and discontinuation of the offending agent. Long-term monitoring and initiation of maintenance immune-modulating therapy may be necessary in some patients. In this article, we provide an updated review of biologic-induced inflammation of the CNS.
Long-term outcome and psychiatric comorbidity of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa
Authors: Andrés-Pepiñá Susana , Plana Maria Teresa , Flamarique Itziar , Romero Sonia , Borràs Roger , Julià Laia , Gárriz Miguel , Castro-Fornieles Josefina
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To assess the outcome of adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) about 20 years after first treatment.

Methods:

Sixty-two women diagnosed with AN during adolescence were invited to participate. Of these 62 patients, 38 agreed to participate and were assessed with a battery of questionnaires and interviews. A control group of 30 women of similar age was also assessed.

Results:

Of the patients who completed the full assessment, 13 (34%) presented some degree of eating disorder (ED) at follow-up (10 (26%) met full Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) criteria for an ED and 3 (8%) showed partial remission of an ED). The remaining 25 (66%) patients had fully recovered from AN. The duration of untreated illness before admission was significantly associated with an increased risk of a current ED (odds ratio (OR) = 3.334 (1.3–8.7); p = .014). Of the patients who had recovered totally from their ED, 24% showed another psychiatric disorder. This percentage rose to 70% in patients with a current ED.

Conclusion:

Sixty-six percent of adolescents who completed the assessment achieved remission of their AN. Comorbidity was more common in the current ED group. The variable that best predicted complete remission was the number of years without treatment, showing the importance of detection and early intervention.
Preschoolers’ lexical skills in two majority languages: Is there evidence for the onset of sequential bilingualism?
Authors: Gatt Daniela , Dodd Barbara
Published: February 2019

Aims and objectives:

This study measured bilingual lexical skills in children just starting preschool and in others who had been attending preschool for one year. It aimed to investigate how children’s lexical abilities were influenced by length of contact with structured bilingual input at school, in a context where two majority languages are taught through the educational system.

Methodology:

The participants were 72 children starting their first and second year in preschool, aged 2;11–3;4 ( N = 35) and 3;11–4;4 years ( N = 37), respectively. The children came from Maltese-dominant homes and attended the same state preschool where, in line with established bilingual educational policy, they were expected to receive systematic oral exposure to English. Receptive picture name judgement and picture naming tasks in Maltese and English were employed to measure receptive and expressive lexical abilities.

Data and analysis:

Correct receptive judgement and naming responses were analysed as a function of age group and language of testing.

Findings:

Comparison of 3- and 4-year-old performance revealed marked growth in Maltese but limited improvement in English for the older group. This profile was inconsistent with lexical outcomes expected for children receiving significant exposure to a second language (L2) in preschool. The findings call for reconsideration of the assumption that preschool entry for Maltese-dominant children and the sequential bilingual exposure associated with it bring about an improvement in L2 lexical abilities. School and home bilingual input, children’s learning demands and Malta’s sociolinguistic context were considered as possible contributing factors.

Originality:

To our knowledge, a focus on preschoolers’ lexical skills in two typologically distant, majority languages against a backdrop of stable bilingualism is novel.

Significance:

Given the bilingual stability and socio-cultural uniformity of the broader context for this study, the findings are proposed as a point of reference for evaluating preschoolers’ bilingual lexical skills.
Cross-linguistic influence in the use of objects in Japanese/English simultaneous bilingual acquisition
Authors: Mishina-Mori Satomi
Published: February 2019

Aims:

This study investigates whether, to what extent, and in which direction interface structure induces cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in the use of objects in Japanese/English simultaneous bilinguals.

Design:

Year-long observations of parent–child interactions in two two-year-olds were conducted to observe the changes taking place at the earliest stages of development.

Data analysis:

A total of 48 recording sessions were transcribed and coded using Computational Human Articulatory Theory conventions and were compared with mean length of utterance-matched monolingual data drawn from the CHILDES database.

Findings:

We report a temporary influence from Japanese to English and a mild influence from English to Japanese.

Originality:

This study offers evidence of CLI in object use in less-studied language pairs.

Implications:

The data support the interface hypothesis and further suggest that the language combination affects the intensity of influence due to the degree of the overlap. Our data also add evidence to the proposal that without language dominance, CLI occurs from the overt language to the language with null options.
Bilingual language exposure and the peer group: Acquiring phonetics and phonology in Gaelic Medium Education
Authors: Nance Claire
Published: February 2019

Aims and objectives:

This paper aims to examine the acquisition of phonetics and phonology in the context of Scottish Gaelic immersion schooling. I explore the effect of differing home language backgrounds among primary school children on the production of laterals and stop consonants.

Design/methodology/approach:

Acoustic analysis was performed on Gaelic and English speech data collected from children in Gaelic Medium Education in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland.

Data and analysis:

Word list data were collected from 18 children aged 7–11 and analyzed using measurements of formants and duration of stop phases. Half of the sample had little or no exposure to Gaelic in the home, while the other half had differing degrees of family input. Statistical analysis was conducted using Conditional Inference Trees.

Findings and conclusions:

This study finds that any initial differences between children who enter Gaelic Medium Education as fluent speakers and those who do not are leveled out by late primary school, at least in terms of pronunciation. I suggest that leveled varieties of minority languages can develop in pre-adolescence in peer group settings such as minority language education.

Originality:

This study is the first to examine phonetic and phonological acquisition in Gaelic-English bilingual children. It is one of a small number of studies to examine bilingual phonological acquisition in immersion schooling. The study supports recent research exploring the development of peer group varieties among young minority language speakers.

Significance and implications:

This research aims to expand traditional models that consider the extent of exposure to two languages as key in predicting phonetic and phonological production. I suggest that the impact of the peer group and the context of language use are also significant factors. Results suggest potential development of education varieties of Gaelic. These findings have implications for future revitalization strategies for minority languages across the world.
Religious motifs within reporting of the 7/7 London bombings in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Poland: A transnational agenda-setting network study
Authors: Guzek Damian
Published: February 2019

Existing studies have examined the significance of UK media coverage of the 7/7 London bombings. This article seeks to widen this analysis by exploring the coverage of 7/7 in the leading newspapers of the United Kingdom, the United States, and Poland comparatively using a new agenda-setting perspective that is grounded within network analysis. The study is devised to respond specifically to the contrasting arguments about the influence of media globalization versus religion and ethnicity on this reporting. It finds that the diverse approaches to religion within the countries of the analyzed newspapers appear to mitigate the reproduction of shared religious narratives in this reporting. Nevertheless, the analyzed coverage does carry common attributes and these, it argues, can be explained broadly by the influence of a US-dominated ‘lens on terror’.
Homemade Device to Facilitate Percutaneous Venous Arterialization in Patients With No-Option Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Ysa August , Lobato Marta , Mikelarena Ederi , Arruabarrena Amaia , Gómez Roberto , Apodaka Ana , Metcalfe Matthew , Fonseca Juan L.
Published: February 2019

Purpose: To describe a maneuver to facilitate percutaneous arteriovenous fistula creation during venous arterialization procedures in patients with no-option critical limb ischemia. Technique: Following a failed arterial recanalization attempt, a balloon catheter is passed up to the tip of the guidewire. Venous access is gained distally, a 4-F sheath is antegradely passed, and a 4-mm GooseNeck snare is advanced through it. A fluoroscopic view that overlaps the snare and the inflated balloon is obtained. If the vein remains anterior with respect to the artery, a needle is inserted across the vein, passing through the snare loop and puncturing the intra-arterial balloon. A wire is inserted and placed inside the punctured balloon. The balloon is retrieved and the wire externalized through the femoral access. A catheter is advanced antegradely over this wire from the artery into the vein. If the vein remains posterior to the artery, a needle is inserted, puncturing the balloon and thereafter the vein (crossing through the snare). A wire is inserted, captured by the snare, and externalized through the vein sheath. A catheter is finally advanced over this wire from the vein into the artery. Conclusion: This maneuver is a simple alternative to create an arteriovenous fistula during venous arterialization procedures in patients with no-option critical limb ischemia.
Investigating flexible textile-based coils for wireless charging wearable electronics
Authors: Sun Danmei , Chen Meixuan , Podilchak Symon , Georgiadis Apostolos , Abdullahi Qassim S , Joshi Rahil , Yasin Sohail , Rooney Jean , Rooney John
Published: February 2019

Smart and interactive textiles have been attracted great attention in recent years. This research explored three different techniques and processes in developing textile-based conductive coils that are able to embed in a garment layer. Coils made through embroidery and screen printing have good dimensional stability, although the resistance of screen printed coil is too high due to the low conductivity of the print ink. Laser cut coil provided the best electrical conductivity; however, the disadvantage of this method is that it is very difficult to keep the completed coil to the predetermined shape and dimension. The tested results show that an electromagnetic field has been generated between the textile-based conductive coil and an external coil that is directly powered by electricity. The magnetic field and electric field worked simultaneously to complete the wireless charging process.
Beyond the Baccalaureate: Factors Shaping Latina/o Graduate Degree Aspirations
Authors: Cuellar Marcela G. , Gonzalez Amber M.
Published: February 2019

This study examined how Latina/o undergraduate students’ graduate and professional degree aspirations change during college. Using longitudinal data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine factors associated with aspiring to earn a degree beyond a baccalaureate. Findings show that many students change their initial aspirations and several college experiences, such as higher college GPA and faculty interactions, are associated with Latinas/os’ graduate and professional degree aspirations.
Practicing in Both Worlds: Why two General Practitioners Decided to Become Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners
Authors: Patel Asmita
Published: February 2019

In New Zealand, little is known about Western medicine practitioners, such as general practitioners (GPs), who have also trained in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The aim was to identify the reasons why two GPs decided to study TCM and become integrated health care practitioners. Data from two Auckland-based integrated (combined GP and TCM) health care practitioners were analyzed for the present study. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted. An inductive thematic approach was used to analyze the data. One main theme emerged. Both participants discussed how they perceived certain limitations in relation to their practice within the Western medicine model and that TCM allowed them to provide a holistic form of treatment. Being an integrated health care practitioner was perceived by participants as allowing them to treat the whole person rather than just the symptoms of a condition. TCM was also perceived to be beneficial as it allowed participants to provide alternative methods in treating their patients.
A novel application of a surface ElectroMyoGraphy-based control strategy for a hand exoskeleton system: A single-case study
Authors: Secciani Nicola , Bianchi Matteo , Meli Enrico , Volpe Yary , Ridolfi Alessandro
Published: February 2019

Robotics is increasingly involving many aspects of daily life and robotic-based assistance to physically impaired people is considered one of the most promising application of this largely investigated technology. However, the World Health Organization reports that, so far, only 10% of people in need can get access to the so-called assistive technology also due to its high costs. This work aims to tackle the aforementioned point presenting an innovative control strategy for a low-cost hand exoskeleton system based on surface electromyography signals. Most of the activities of daily living are, in fact, carried out thanks to the hands while the exploitation of surface electromyography signals represents a non-invasive technique in straightforwardly controlling wearable devices. Although such approach results deeply studied in literature, it has not been deeply tested on real patients yet. The main contribution of this article is hence not only to describe a novel control strategy but also to provide a detailed explanation of its implementation into a real device, ready to be used. Finally, the authors have evaluated and preliminary tested the proposed technique enrolling a patient in a single-case study.
A precise, reproducible method for measuring ultrasound probe slice thickness using a Gammex 403 phantom
Authors: Jackson Steven J , Russell Stephen
Published: February 2019

A precise, reproducible method for measuring ultrasound probe slice thickness has been developed for linear array ultrasound probes. The method used a custom built jig to draw the probe along the surface of a Gammex 403 phantom, with the image plane parallel to the filaments within the phantom. Still images at 0.5 mm intervals are saved for post-processing using in-house software. Slice thickness measurements with a precision of 0.1 mm are obtained. The method was shown to give reproducible estimates of probe slice thickness at several depths to within 0.4 mm during repeat tests. The method was able to provide information about the slice thickness of different sections of the probe face. It is expected that the method can quantify changes in probe performance due to lens wear or replacement over time that may elude both in-plane and in-air reverberation-based tests. A total of 18 linear probes were tested across eight centres, including six specialist vascular ultrasound centres.
Performing an early systematic Doppler-ultrasound fails to prevent hemorrhagic complications after complex partial nephrectomy
Authors: Dominique Inès , Dariane Charles , Fourniol Cyril , Le Guilchet Thomas , Hurel Sophie , Fontaine Eric , Mandron Eric , Audenet Francois , Mejean Arnaud , Timsit Marc Olivier
Published: February 2019

Background:

The aim of this work was to assess the clinical relevance of a systematic postoperative Doppler-ultrasound (DU) after complex partial nephrectomy (PN).

Materials and methods:

All patients who underwent open, laparoscopic or robotic PN from 2014 to 2017 at our institution were included. Postoperative hemorrhagic complications (HCs) were defined as the occurrence of blood transfusion, hemorrhagic shock, arterial embolization, or re-hospitalization for hematoma. DU was systematically performed between post-op day 4 and 7 for every complex tumor (RENAL score ⩾ 7). DU was considered positive in the presence of pseudoaneurysm (PA) or arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Results:

Among 194 patients, 117 underwent DU (60.3%). We reported 22 HCs (11.3%) requiring 8 selective embolization procedures (4.1%). HCs occurred during the hospital stay in 17 patients (77.3%), thus directly diagnosed on a computed tomography scan. Among the five patients (22.7%) with HC occurring after hospital discharge, between day 7 to 15, four had a previously negative systematic DU. Overall, systematic DU was positive in only five patients (4.3%) with only one patient of 194 (0.5%) undergoing preventive embolization of a PA-AVF. The negative predictive values (NPVs) and positive predictive values of DU were respectively 96.5% and 5%, with 20% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity.

Conclusions:

Our results may suggest offering systematic DU in patients under antiplatelet therapies, with high tumor size (>T1b), or early postoperative hemoglobin variations. A high NPV of DU might be counterbalanced by its low sensibility. Since all secondary HCs occurred between postoperative day 7 to 15, our results may suggest differing DU in selected cases.
Carbohydrate Requirement for Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes: Effects of Insulin Concentration
Authors: Francescato Maria Pia , Ajčević Miloš , Accardo Agostino
Published: February 2019

Physical activity is a keystone of a healthy lifestyle as well as of management of patients with type 1 diabetes. The risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia, however, is a great challenge for these patients. The glycemic response to exercise depends upon several factors concerning the patient him/herself (eg, therapy, glycemic control, training level) and the characteristics of the exercise performed. Only in-depth knowledge of these factors will allow to develop individualized strategies minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. The main factors affecting the exercise-induced hypoglycemia in patients with T1D have been analyzed, including the effects of insulin concentration. A model is discussed, which has the potential to become the basis for providing patients with individualized suggestions to keep constant glucose levels on each exercise occasion.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives of Social Capital in Informing the Development of Neighborhood-Based Disaster Resilience Measurements
Authors: Kwok Alan H. , Becker Julia , Paton Douglas , Hudson-Doyle Emma , Johnston David
Published: February 2019

The cultivation of neighborhood-based social capital has gained significant attention in the disaster management sector in recent years as a means to increase community disaster resilience. However, within the sector, the concept of social capital remains unclear and its measurement is limited at the neighborhood level due to a focus on predominately top-down and quantitative approaches. By using a qualitative, inductive-driven approach, this paper proposes an integrated social capital measurement framework that combines qualitative and quantitative measures for evaluating levels of social capital in neighborhoods. Nine focus groups consisting of 58 participants across a range of socioeconomically and ethnically diverse urban neighborhoods in New Zealand and the United States were conducted. Three key themes were identified that relate to the formation, activation, and benefits of social capital resources: community demography, cultural influences on social support, and neighborhood governance. By synthesizing the study’s results and existing literature, this paper proposes a measurement framework that incorporates both quantitative indicators and contextual questions across six structural and four cognitive social capital domains. The framework can serve as a starting point for neighborhood stakeholders, emergency management practitioners, policymakers, and researchers to assess the resilience of neighborhoods and identify areas for improvement.
Spinal Decompression Sickness in an Experienced Scuba Diver: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Saadi Altaf , Ferenczi Emily A. , Reda Haatem
Published: February 2019

Decompression sickness from diving is a rare but potentially reversible cause of spinal injury. Early treatment with hyperbaric oxygen is associated with a better neurologic outcome, making prompt recognition and management clinically important. We describe a case of a 65-year-old diver who presented with thoracic back pain and bilateral leg weakness after a 70 feet of sea water (fsw) (21 meters of sea water [msw]) dive, with no acute abnormality on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He made a partial recovery after extended hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of central nervous system injury in decompression sickness, as well as acute management and prognostic factors for recovery, including the role of adjunctive therapies and the implications of negative MRI. Ultimately, clinicians should make the diagnosis of spinal cord decompression sickness based primarily on clinical evaluation, not on MRI findings.
Competence needs of integrated care in the transition of health care and social services in Finland
Authors: Nummela Olli , Juujärvi Soile , Sinervo Timo
Published: February 2019

Introduction

This study investigates future integrated care competencies among workforce in health and social service sectors in the context of the national health and social services reform in Finland.

Methods

The sample was drawn from the registers of competent workforce in the social and health sectors in Finland in three different forerunner areas. Eight working sectors were identified. A total of 1943 participants represented a 16% of the sample ( N = 12,250). Factor analyses were conducted on ratings from the COPE scale measuring integrated care competences. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between background variables and competence factors.

Results

The present study identifies three factors about the competences of future integrated care competencies. The factors were client-oriented needs assessment, holistic service guidance, and ensuring service path. The sectors of services for older people and administration indicated the highest level of competence needs, whereas the sector of social services indicated the lowest level. Variations between sectors and background variables are remarkable.

Discussion

The study points out three dimensions of generic competence needs perceived by employees that are required to secure client-oriented integrated care processes in the future. New competencies and targeted processes in organizations and between sectors are crucial in developing the quality and effectiveness of integrated care by improving future care processes. Professional education and training should advance the learning of generic competences shared by all professionals and sectors in accomplishing integrated care.
Logged out: Ownership, exclusion and public value in the digital data and information commons
Authors: Prainsack Barbara
Published: February 2019

In recent years, critical scholarship has drawn attention to increasing power differentials between corporations that use data and people whose data is used. A growing number of scholars see digital data and information commons as a way to counteract this asymmetry. In this paper I raise two concerns with this argument: First, because digital data and information can be in more than one place at once, governance models for physical common-pool resources cannot be easily transposed to digital commons. Second, not all data and information commons are suitable to address power differentials. In order to create digital commons that effectively address power asymmetries we must pay more systematic attention to the issue of exclusion from digital data and information commons. Why and how digital data and information commons exclude, and what the consequences of such exclusion are, decide whether commons can change power asymmetries or whether they are more likely to perpetuate them.
Mutual Aid Networks: Informal Shop Floor Organizing among Mexican Migrant Construction Workers in San Diego
Authors: Avalos Diego
Published: February 2019

Labor scholarship overwhelmingly continues to frame the value of migrants’ social network ties by successful or unsuccessful incorporation into formal sectors of the host economy. Within this context, migrant social network ties are commonly viewed as positive only when they lead to union-building efforts. The current study extends the social network analysis to include informal resistance and struggle. Based on ethnographic research among Mexican migrant drywallers in the San Diego construction industry, I argue that migrant workers draw on social network ties to craft less obvious and complex alternative organizing strategies to resist labor flexibility and casualization. Groups of drywallers, which I term collective cuadrillas, use social network ties not only as an impetus to improve workplace conditions but also to convene collectively on the shop floor to alleviate fierce competition among workmates and rid the production process of hierarchal work structures for more democratically managed job practices.
Continuing the Legacy at Nordic Lodge: Succession Planning at an Iconic Family-Owned Restaurant
Authors: Graham Emily , Mischel Leann
Published: February 2019

The Nordic Lodge is an iconic family-owned restaurant located in Charlestown, Rhode Island. The restaurant is equally owned by third-generation siblings Nancy Log, Lisa Brown, and Steve Persson. Steve’s wife, Lorna, also helps to manage the restaurant. It is established as a private corporation with both voting and nonvoting stock. The current generation is not ready to retire but recognizes the need to set up a succession plan. They realize that a good plan will take several years to put in place and want to ensure that the legacy of the restaurant continues. There are presently eight children in the fourth generation, all of whom have expressed an interest in being a part of the business. Having reached a crossroad in their development, the family is unsure how to proceed with succession planning. They are looking for advice on how to move forward to ensure that all children have the opportunity to work in the restaurant and that future decisions are equitable. The family would also like to determine how shares should be passed down .
The Impact of Climate and Weather on a Small Tourism Business: A wSWOT Case Study
Authors: Craig Christopher A. , Sayers Elizabeth Petrun , Feng Song , Kinghorn Brent
Published: February 2019

Climatic variability and shifting weather patterns, resulting in extreme weather events and natural disasters, pose risks to small businesses in the United States. This is particularly true in coastal regions of the southeast United States where extreme events such as hurricanes, flooding, and thunderstorms are projected to increase in frequency and intensity. Yet, the vast majority of small business owners do not have a disaster plan in place and an estimated 40% to 60% of small businesses that have experienced a natural disaster never reopen. This teaching case explores the impact of climatic trends and weather on one location of an outdoor tourism industry business in the coastal community of Virginia Beach, Virginia. The case draws from observed weather and sales data for the local small business. Students will draw from descriptive statistics, statistical analysis, and graphs to explore (a) long-term climatic trends for the business; (b) relationships between small business sales and local weather; and (c) strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats relative to weather conditions and climate change. Instructors can give the body of this document to students. They can also make use of the supplemental teaching notes to assist them with teaching this case.
Increased galactose expression and enhanced clearance in patients with low von Willebrand factor
Authors: Aguila Sonia , Lavin Michelle , Dalton Niall , Patmore Sean , Chion Alain , Trahan George D. , Jones Kenneth L. , Keenan Catriona , Brophy Teresa M. , O’Connell Niamh M. , Ryan Kevin , Byrne Mary , Nolan Margaret , Patel Anjali , Preston Roger J. S. , James Paula , Di Paola Jorge , O’Sullivan Jamie M. , O’Donnell James S.
Published: February 2019

Glycan determinants on von Willebrand factor (VWF) play critical roles in regulating its susceptibility to proteolysis and clearance. Abnormal glycosylation has been shown to cause von Willebrand disease (VWD) in a number of different mouse models. However, because of the significant technical challenges associated with accurate assessment of VWF glycan composition, the importance of carbohydrates in human VWD pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. To address this, we developed a novel lectin-binding panel to enable human VWF glycan characterization. This methodology was then used to study glycan expression in a cohort of 110 patients with low VWF compared with O blood group-matched healthy controls. Interestingly, significant interindividual heterogeneity in VWF glycan expression was seen in the healthy control population. This variation included terminal sialylation and ABO(H) blood group expression on VWF. Importantly, we also observed evidence of aberrant glycosylation in a subgroup of patients with low VWF. In particular, terminal α(2-6)-linked sialylation was reduced in patients with low VWF, with a secondary increase in galactose (Gal) exposure. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between Gal exposure and estimated VWF half-life was observed in those patients with enhanced VWF clearance. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that loss of terminal sialylation contributes to the pathophysiology underpinning low VWF in at least a subgroup of patients by promoting enhanced clearance. In addition, alterations in VWF carbohydrate expression are likely to contribute to quantitative and qualitative variations in VWF levels in the normal population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03167320.
Active surveillance for nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Borchmann Sven , Joffe Erel , Moskowitz Craig H. , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Noy Ariela , Portlock Carol S. , Gerecitano John F. , Batlevi Connie L. , Caron Philip C. , Drullinsky Pamela , Hamilton Audrey , Hamlin Paul A. , Horwitz Steven M. , Kumar Anita , Matasar Matthew J. , Moskowitz Alison J. , Owens Colette N. , Palomba M. Lia , Younes Anas , Straus David J.
Published: February 2019

Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare subtype of lymphoma that, like other Hodgkin lymphomas, has historically been treated aggressively. However, in most cases, NLPHL has an indolent course, which raises the question of to what extent these patients require aggressive upfront treatment. We describe the management and outcomes of consecutive NLPHL patients diagnosed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), with a focus on evaluating active surveillance. All patients aged 16 years or older diagnosed and followed at MSK between 1974 and 2016 were included. Treatment outcomes were compared between management with active surveillance and other strategies. We identified 163 consecutive patients who were treated with radiotherapy alone (46%), active surveillance (23%), chemotherapy (16%), combined modality (12%), or rituximab monotherapy (4%). Median follow-up was 69 months. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS), second PFS (PFS2), and overall survival (OS) estimates were 85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78-90), 97% (95% CI, 92-99), and 99% (95% CI, 95-100), respectively. Only 1 of 7 deaths was lymphoma related. Patients managed with active surveillance had slightly shorter PFS than those receiving any active treatment, with 5-year PFS of 77% (95% CI, 56-89) vs 87% (95% CI, 79-92; P = .017). This difference did not translate into better PFS2 or OS. Only 10 patients managed with active surveillance (27%) eventually required treatment, after a median of 61 months, and none died. NLPHL has an excellent prognosis. Within the limitations of a retrospective analysis, active surveillance is a viable initial management strategy for selected NLPHL patients.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Gastroprotective activity of a novel Schiff base derived dibromo substituted compound against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in rats
Authors: Saremi Kamelia , Rad Sima Kianpour , Tayeby Faezeh , Abdulla Mahmood A. , Karimian Hamed , Majid Nazia Abdul
Published: February 2019

Background

Basic function of bromine in body is to activate pepsin production in gastritis with low acidity. The present study encompasses a broad in vivo study to evaluate gastroprotective activity of a novel dibromo substituted Schiff base complex against Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Methods

2, 2′-[1, 2-cyclohexanediylbis (nitriloethylidyne)]bis(4-bromophenol) (CNBP) is synthesized via a Schiff base reaction, using the related ketone and diamine as the starting materials. SD rats are divided as normal, ulcer control (5 ml/kg of 10% Tween 20), testing (10 and 20 mg/kg of CNBP) and reference groups (omeprazole 20 mg/kg). Except for the normal group, the rest of the groups are induced gastric ulcer by ethanol 1 h after the pre-treatment. Ulcer area, gastric wall mucus, and acidity of gastric content of the animal stomachs are measured after euthanization. Antioxidant activity of the compound is tested by Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test and safety of the compound is identified through acute toxicity by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), levels of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and also malondialdehyde (MDA) are determined.

Results

Antioxidant activity of CNBP was approved via FRAP assay. Vast shallow hemorrhagic injury of gastric glandular mucosa was observed in the ulcer group compared to the CNBP-treated animals. Histological evaluations confirmed stomach epithelial defense effect of CNBP with drastic decrease of gastric ulceration, edema and leucocytes penetration of submucosal stratum. Immunostaining exhibited over-expression in HSP70 protein in CNBP-treated groups compared to that of the ulcer group. Also, gastric protein analysis showed low levels of MDA, PGE2 and high activity of SOD and CAT.

Conclusions

CNBP with noticeable antioxidant property showed gastroprotective activity in the testing rodents via alteration of HSP70 protein expression. Also, antioxidant enzyme activities which were changed after treatment with CNBP in the animals could be elucidated as its gastroprotective properties.