bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations of cloud and precipitation at Syowa station,
Antarctica
Authors: Konishi Htroyuki , Wada Makoto , Endoh Tatsuo
Published: November 2017

Long-term observatinns of precipitating clouds were carried out by a vertical
pointing radar and plan-position indicator PPI) radar at Syowa station (69.0°S,
40.5°E), Antarctica, in 1989. The observations revealed that there were three
abundant snowfall seasons at Syowa station and the amount of snowfall was uniform
in all seasons except summer. The amounts of precipitation in autumn, winter and
spring were 74, 74 and 53 mm (liquid water equivalent), respectively. The amounts
of precipitation in autumn and winter were large at Syowa station in 1989.
However, the amount of precipitation on the inland ice is expected to be small in
winter, indicated by the distributions of precipitation measured by the PPI
radar.

The occurrence frequencies of cloud vortices which brought snowfall to Syowa
station increased in the autumn and spring seasons, corresponding to the activity
of the circumpolar trough. However, the activities ofcloud systems that bring
precipitation weaken in Spring when the sea-ice area expands to low latitudes,
because of a lower supply of heat and vapor. Thus the activities of cloud vortices
are also weakened above the sea ice.
Monitoring climate variability on the Antarctic Peninsula by means of
observations of the snow cover
Authors: Schneider Christoph
Published: November 2017

The glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula are believed to react rapidly to
climatic fluctuations. Thus it is of great interest to find methods for monitoring
regional climate variability in this region, Two small glaciers on the Antarctic
Peninsula were chosen to monitor the accumulation and ablation pattern of the snow
cover in respect to climate variations. During two summer seasons, synthetic
aperture radar pulse-repetition interval images from the European ERS-1 active
microwave satellite instrument were collected. Simultaneously,
micro-meteorological measurements with simple automatic weather stations were
carried out at three locations on the glaciers. Energy available for snowmelt was
computed using the bulk transfer equations. Incorporating a digital terrain model
and a model for shortwave irradiance, estimates of the energy available for melt
were then calculated for the entire glaciers. The resulting time series of
spatially distributed information on available energy can be used to separate
periods and areas with snow-melt from periods and areas with completely frozen
snow cover. The same separation can be achieved from the ERS-1 imagery.
Integrating both the remote-sensing technique and the ground observations, it may
be possible to establish a combined method to monitor the effects of weather
patterns on a seasonal basis.
The geoelectric field: a link between the troposphere and solar
variability
Authors: Burns G. B. , Frank-Kamenetsky A.V. , Bering E. A. , Papitashvili V. O. , Troshichev O. A.
Published: November 2017

The association of the European “Little Ice Age” (1550- 1850; Lamb, 1982)
with a period of significantly reduced solar activity (Eddy, 1976) suggests a
significant mechanism of climate variation remains to be determined. Recent
optical observations of connections between the tops of thunderstorm systems and
altitudes of 70-90 km (Sentman and Wescott, 1996) demonstrate a linkage between
the troposphere and the lower reaches of the ionosphere. If thunderstorm
development is affecled by its electrical environment, then solar modulation of
the geoelectric field provides a viable solar-variability-climate mechanism (see,
e.g., Tinsley 1996). The high, dry Antarctic plateau provides an ideal site for
demonstrating that solar variability can influence the geoelectric field. in this
paper, we present evidence that the geoelectric field at Vostok is modulated by
the duskward component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF
By) when Vostok rotates
under the region magnetically linked to the dayside interaction region between the
solar wind and the Earth's magnetic field.
PANGAEA information system for glaciological data management
Authors: Diepenbroek Michael , Fütterer Dieter , Grobe Hannes , Miller Heinz , Reinke Manfred , Sieger Rainer
Published: November 2017

Specific parameters determined from continental ice sheet or glacier cores
can be used to reconstruct former climate. Tο use this scientific resource
effectively, an information system is needed which guarantees consistent long-term
data storage and provides easy access. Such a system, to archive any data of
paleoclimatic relevance, together with the related metadata, raw data and
evaluated paleoclimatic data, is presented. It is based on a relational database
and provides standardized import and export routines, easy access with uniform
retrieval functions and tools for visualizing the data. The network is designed as
a client-server system, providing access through the Internet with proprietary
client software including a high functionality or read-only access to published
data via the World Wide Web (www.pangaea.de).
Re-examining the Antarctic Paradox: speculation on the Southern Ocean as a
nutrient-limited system
Authors: Priddle Julian , Nedwell David B. , Whitehouse Michael J. , Reay David S. , Savidge Graham , Gilpin Linda C. , Murphy Eugene J. , Ellis-Evans J. Cynan
Published: November 2017

The Southern Ocean is the largest of the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll
(HNLC) regions of the world ocean. Phytoplankton production fails to utilise
completely the pool of inorganic nutrients in the euphotic zone, giving rise to
low phytoplankton bio-mass and leaving relatively high summer nutrient
concentrations. This enigma is of considerable significance for our understanding
of the role of the oceans in the global carbon cycle. Various limiting factors
have been considered: low light, low temperature, absence of necessary trace
elements, grazing pressure and other means of biomass removal.

The dynamics of nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton are of particular
importance. Classically, nitrate mixed into the surface layer during winter
provides the nitrogen pool for growth in the spring bloom. Some organic material
is exported to depth, whilst the remainder is recycled, providing ammonium and
other reduced species as nitrogenous substrates for growth during the remainder of
the season. The oxidation state of the inorganic nitrogen supply thus identifies
new and recycled carbon fixation. Whilst this is convenient “shorthand” for the
nitrogen nutrition of carbon export in much of the ocean, it is an inappropriate
model for the Southern Ocean. Here, nitrate and ammonium use are simultaneous, and
nitrate is never exhausted by the annual phytoplankton production.

We speculate that a range of environmental factors combine to make the large
pool of nitrate partially inaccessible to phytoplankton. in addition to the
documented effects of low iron availability and high ammonium concentrations, the
low temperatures characteristic of the Southern Ocean may decrease nitrate
availability because of the increased energetic overheads in its uptake and
reduction. This in turn makes ammonium an important nitrogenous substrate, and its
production by zooplankton and heterotrophic microorganisms is an important
component of the plankton nitrogen cycle. There is some evidence that ammonium
production by large grazing animals may stimulate phytoplankton growth. Microbial
removal of nitrogen from sedimenting phytoplankton cells may result in local
decoupling between the carbon and nitrogen cycles, allowing some reduced nitrogen
to remain in the euphotic zone whilst carbon is exported to depth.
Near-coastal iceberg distributions in East Antarctica, 50-145° E
Authors: Young N.W. , Turner D. , Hyland G. , Williams R. N.
Published: November 2017

A survey of icebergs using satellite radar images has been made in the
seasonal sea-ice zone of East Antarctica in the .sector between longitudes 50° and
145° E. These data provide information on the spatial distribution and size
statistics of icebergs near the coast in areas not often visited by shipboard
observers, and close to their sources at ice shelves and glacier tongues. The
icebergs are detected and their dimensions extracted by analysis of the texture
properties present in satellite images acquired with ERS-1 synthetic aperture
radar during the austral winter. The minimum size of iceberg reliably detected and
measured is 0.06 km2.

A significant variation, by up to a factor of two, is found in the area of
icebergs close to different sections of the coast, which suggests a characteristic
size for different sources. The average value of the length-to-width ratio for
icebergs in the whole population shows some variability with size. The probability
of finding icebergs is greatest close to the coast, decreasing in general with
distance from the coast, such that few icebergs were detected more than 160 km
from the coast. in one sector about 85° E, icebergs are found to at least 550 km
from the coast, which is consistent with the transport of icebergs northwards in
this region by a branch of the westward-heading near-coastal current (East Wind
Drift) which connects with the southern margins of the eastward-heading Antarctic
Circumpolar Current.
The effects of ocean warming on melting and ocean circulation under the Amery
Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Authors: Williams M.J.M. , Warner R. C. , Budd W. F.
Published: November 2017

Using a three-dimensional ocean model specially adapted to the ocean cavity
under the Amery Ice Shelf, we investigated the present ocean circulation and
pattern of ice-shelf basal melting and freezing, the differences which would
result from temperature changes in the seas adjacent to the Amery Ice Shelf, and
the ramifications of these changes for the mass balance of the ice shelf. Under
present conditions we estimate the net loss from the Amery Ice Shelf from excess
basal melting over freezing at approximately 7.8 Gt a−1. This
comprises a gross loss of 11.4 Gt a−1 at a mean rate of 0.42
m a−1, which is partially offset by freezing-on of 3.6 Gt
a−1, at a mean rate of 0.19 m a−1.
When the adjacent seas were assumed to warm by 1°C, we found the net melt
increased to 31.6 Gt a−1, comprising 34.6 Gt
a−1 of gross melt and 3.0 Gt a−1 of
freezing.
Driving a high-resolution dynamic ice-sheet model with GCM
climate: ice-sheet initiation at 116 000 BP
Authors: Pollard David , Thompson Starley L.
Published: November 2017

Most dynamic ice-sheet studies currently use either empirically based
parameterizations or simple energy-balance climate models for the surface
mass-balance forcing. If three-dimensional global climate models (GCMs)
could be used instead, they would greatly improve the potential realism of
coupled climate ice-sheet simulations. However, there are two serious
problems in simulating realistic mass balances on ice sheets from GCM
simulations: (i) dynamic ice-sheet models and the underlying bedrock
topography need horizontal resolution of 50–100 km or less, but the finest
practical resolution of atmospheric GCMs is currently ˜250 km, and (ii) GCM
surface physics usually neglects the local refreezing of meltwater on ice
sheets.

Two techniques are described that address these problems: an elevation
correction applied to the atmospheric GCM fields interpolated to the
ice-sheet grid, and a refreezing correction involving the annual totals of
snowfall, rainfall and local melt at each grid-point. As an example of their
use, we have used the GENESIS version 2 GCM at 3.75° × 3.75° resolution to
simulate the climate at the end of the last interglaciation at ˜116 000
years ago. The atmospheric climate is then used to drive a standard
two-dimensional dynamic ice-sheet model for 10 000 years on a 0.5° × 0.5°
grid spanning northern North America. The model successfully predicts
ice-sheet initiation over the Baffin Island highlands and the Canadian
Archipelago, but at a slower rate than observed. A large ice sheet nucleates
and grows rapidly over the northwestern Rockies, in conflict with geologic
evidence. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed.
Investigating the interactions among river flow, salinity and
sea ice using a global coupled atmosphere—ocean—ice model
Authors: Miller James R. , Russell Gary L.
Published: November 2017

A global coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice model is used to examine the
interdependence among several components of the hydrologic cycle in the
Arctic Ocean, including river discharge, sea-ice cover, and the flow of sea
ice through Fram Strait. Since the ocean model has a free surface,
fresh-water inflow from rivers is added directly to the ocean. The timing of
the peak spring river flow depends on snowmelt runoff and its subsequent
routing through the river system. Thermodynamic sea ice is included, and a
new sea-iee advection scheme is described. The model’s river discharge
affects salinity at the mouth of large rivers. The effect of the river
discharge on sea-ice cover is not clear, either locally or at the basin
scale. There is significant inter-annual variability of ice flow through
Fram Strait, but the model’s flow is about half of that observed. The
anomalous ice flow through Fram Strait is most highly correlated with the
meridional wind stress. Potential implications for the “great salinity”
anomaly are discussed.
Rapid changes in snow cover at low elevations in the Sierra
Nevada, California, U.S.A.
Authors: Kattelmann Richard
Published: November 2017

Snow cover in the intermittent snow zone of the Sierra Nevada can occupy
more than 10 000 km2 of the mountain range, but it has received
relatively little attention in river forecasting. Snow is deposited at lower
elevations only during the cold storms of winter, and remains there only for
a few days or weeks. When cold storms have created a thin snow cover at low
elevations, a subsequent warm storm can melt this snow in just a few hours
and increase the runoff response dramatically. Operational hydrological
models and river-forecasting procedures have tended to overlook
contributions from the intermittent-snow zone, focusing instead on
rainfall-runoff or melt from the snowpack zone at higher elevations.
Data-collection efforts are minimal in this zone, too. Ideally, spatially
distributed models of snowmelt and runoff generation are needed to account
for the typically large differences in snow cover on different aspects in
the intermittent snow zone. Although aircraft and satellite imagery would be
most desirable to monitor the distribution of snow cover in the
intermittent-snow zone, even a few climate stations that report
precipitation type and snow presence would be a major improvement over the
present situation in the Sierra Nevada.
Climatically induced retreat and collapse of northern Larsen Ice Shelf,
Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Rott Helmut , Rack Wolfgang , Nagler Thomas , Skvarca Pedro
Published: November 2017

The areal changes of the northern Larsen Ite Shelf (LIS), Antarctic
Peninsula, between March 1986 and March 1997 have been analyzed, based on
synthetic aperture radar images of the European remote-sensing satellites ERS-1
and ERS-2 and on Landsat images. This analysis is complemented by data on ice
motion and surface mass balance which have been obtained during several field
campaigns since the early 1980s. After a period of retreat, coinciding with
atmospheric warming and with decreasing net accumulation at the surface due to
melt losses, the two northernmost sections of LIS disintegrated almost completely
within a few days in January 1995. Recent observations of the ice-shelf section
north of Jason Peninsula, which is presently the northernmost section of LIS, show
increased summer melt and intensification of the rifting processes, probably
causing accelerated retreat of this section in the near future. The retreat and
the disintegration event of LIS indicate high sensitivity of ice shelves to
prolonged perturbations of the mass balance.
Break-up of sea ice by ocean waves
Authors: Langhorne Patricia J. , Squire Vernon A. , Fox Colin , Haskell Timothy G.
Published: November 2017

The manner in which sea ice breaks up determines its floe-size distribution.
This, together with any redistribution due to ocean currents or winds, alters the
fluxes between the atmosphere and the underlying ocean. Many materials fail at
stresses well below their flexural strength when subject to repeated bending, such
processes being termed fatigue. in some materials a stress exists below which the
material will maintain its integrity even if subjected to an infinite number of
load cycles. This stress is termed the endurance limit. We report a scries of
field experiments to investigate the fatigue behaviour of first-year sea ice that
subjected in situ cantilever beams to repeated bending with zero mean stress.
These tests suggest that an endurance limit exists for sea ice, and that it is
approximately 60% of the flexural strength. Using theory and data from wave
experiments performed in similar conditions to the fatigue experiments, estimates
are made of the conditions under which wave-induced break-up occurs. These
indicate that fatigue may be a neglected ingredient of sea-ice failure due to
wave-induced motion.
‘On the Run’
Authors: Royle Nicholas
Published: November 2017

‘On the Run’ explores various aspects of ‘imagining Derrida’/‘Derrida imagining’, as well as the notion of a deconstructive imaginary. The text is at once critical, autobiographical and phantomatic or fantastical. Attention is given to Derrida's interests in cinema and ghosts, friendship and imagination, telepathy and literature. The question of a ‘deconstructive imaginary’ is pursued through discussion of Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, Wallace Stevens and Sigmund Freud, in particular. The paper concludes with a meditation on dreams about dead people.
Aliens in Cambridge
Authors: Gildea Niall
Published: November 2017

In 1833, Henry Alford, a Cambridge don, writes to an ‘earthly friend’ entreating help to cure his intolerance for some of his fellow Cantabrigians. He is, subsequently, visited in dreams by an unearthly friend. One hundred and sixty years later, John Holloway writes Civitatula, a poem celebrating Cambridge University's history. The year before, Holloway had been busy protesting the award of Derrida's Honorary Doctorate there. Reflecting on the turbulence of 1968, Holloway's narrator suggests a Cantabrigian encounter with extra-terrestrials as tonic to this agitation. These oneiric visitations coalesce around a certain saying otherwise, which is also the saying of the other. They thus come into the orbit of Bartleby the Scrivener, he whom Derrida considers ‘the secret of literature’. This post-critical work of conspiracy theory considers, then, the force of this ‘secret’ in both space and time, whilst posing the question of how fantastic might the search for meaning become.
David Jones's ‘Barbaric-Fetish’: Frazer and the ‘Aesthetic Value’ of the Liturgy
Authors: Callison Jamie
Published: November 2017

Much recent critical interest in the relationship between modernism and religion has concerned itself with the occult, spiritualism, and theosophy as opposed to institutional religion, relying on an implicit analogy between the experimental in religion and the experimental in art. I argue that considering Christianity to be antithetical to modernism not only obscures an important facet of modernist religious culture, but also misrepresents the at-once tentative and imaginative thinking that marks the modernist response to religion. I explore the ways in which the poet-painter David Jones combined sources familiar from cultural modernism – namely Frazer's The Golden Bough – with Catholic thinking on the Eucharist to constitute a modernism that is both hopeful about the possibilities for aesthetic form and cautious about the unavoidable limitations of human creativity. I present Jones's openness to the creative potential of the Mass as his equivalent to the more recognisably modernist explorations of non-Western and ancient ritual: Eliot's Sanskrit poetry, Picasso's African masks, and Stravinsky's shamanic rites and suggest that his understanding of the church as overflowing with creative possibilities serves as a counterweight to the empty churches of Pericles Lewis’ seminal work, Religious Experience and the Modernist Novel.
Regulation of Human Breast Cancer by the Long Non-Coding RNA H19
Authors: Collette Jordan , Le Bourhis Xuefen , Adriaenssens Eric
Published: November 2017

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer related deaths in women. Despite the progress in early detection and use of new therapeutic targets associated with development of novel therapeutic options, breast cancer remains a major problem in public health. Indeed, even if the survival rate has improved for breast cancer patients, the number of recurrences within five years and the five-year relative survival rate in patients with metastasis remain dramatic. Thus, the discovery of new molecular actors involved in breast progression is essential to improve the management of this disease. Numerous data indicate that long non-coding RNA are implicated in breast cancer development. The oncofetal lncRNA H19 was the first RNA identified as a riboregulator. Studying of this lncRNA revealed its implication in both normal development and diseases. In this review, we summarize the different mechanisms of action of H19 in human breast cancer.
Effect of Grain Size on Grain Boundary Segregation Thermodynamics of Phosphorus in Interstitial-Free and 2.25Cr-1Mo Steels
Authors: Zhao Yu , Song Shenhua , Si Hong , Wang Kai
Published: November 2017

Several grain sizes were obtained by heat treatment at different temperatures for interstitial-free (IF) and 2.25Cr-1Mo steels. Samples of the steels with different grain sizes were aged at 600 and 680 °C for IF steel and 520 and 560 °C for 2.25Cr-1Mo steel for sufficient time to achieve their equilibrium grain boundary segregation. The grain boundary concentrations of phosphorus were examined using Auger electron spectroscopy. At the same aging temperature, the boundary segregation of phosphorus increased with increasing grain size. The effect of grain size on equilibrium grain boundary segregation thermodynamics was analyzed based on the information of both grain size and phosphorus boundary concentration. The segregation enthalpy increased with increasing grain size and simultaneously the segregation entropy became less negative. Moreover, the segregation entropy (∆S) and enthalpy (∆H) of phosphorus in both IF and 2.25Cr-1Mo steels exhibited a unified linear relationship, being expressed as ∆S = 0.85∆H − 38.06, although it segregated to different types of grain boundaries (ferrite grain boundaries in IF steel and prior austenite grain boundaries in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel). With the aid of the acquired thermodynamic parameters and grain boundary segregation theories, the equilibrium segregation concentrations at different aging temperatures were modeled under different grain sizes for both steels.
ERRATUM
Authors: Zhang Ting , Ye Lei , He Qizhi , Zhu Jianlong
Published: November 2017

Ovarian cancer is highly malignant with a gradually increasing incidence and a high mortality rate. Immunosuppression is induced in ovarian cancer, although the mechanism detail is not clear. It has been indicated that HVEM (herpesvirus entry mediator) B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator
(BTLA) negatively regulates the immune responses of T lymphocytes. Here, HVEM mRNA was found to be elevated in ovarian cancer tissue samples and primary ovarian cancer cells in comparison with benign tissue samples. We then knocked down HVEM expression in an ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3,
by lentivirus-based small hairpin RNA (shRNA). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that HVEM-shRNA had no effect on the proliferation, early apoptosis, or cell cycle distribution of OVCAR3. We then isolated activated T cells and performed coculture experiments
in Transwell. Remarkably, HVEM-silenced ovarian cancer cells (primary ovarian cancer cells and OVCAR3) increased the number of T cells and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), while activated T cells promoted the apoptosis of HVEM-silenced
ovarian cancer cells. The current study partially explains the immune escape mechanism of ovarian cancer cells and provides a possible target for immunotherapy.
Extremely Bright GRB 160625B with Multiple Emission Episodes: Evidence for Long-term Ejecta Evolution
Authors: Lü Hou-Jun , Lü Jing , Zhong Shu-Qing , Huang Xiao-Li , Zhang Hai-Ming , Lan Lin , Xie Wei , Lu Rui-Jing , Liang En-Wei
Published: November 2017

GRB 160625B is an extremely bright GRB with three distinct emission episodes. By analyzing its data observed with the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi mission, we find that a multicolor blackbody (mBB) model can be used to fit very well the spectra of the initial short episode (Episode I) within the hypothesis of photosphere emission of a fireball model. The time-resolved spectra of its main episode (Episode II), which was detected with both GBM and LAT after a long quiescent stage (∼180 s) following the initial episode, can be fitted with a model comprising an mBB component plus a cutoff power-law (CPL) component. This GRB was detected again in the GBM and LAT bands with a long extended emission (Episode III) after a quiescent period of ∼300 s. The spectrum of Episode III is adequately fitted with CPL plus single power-law models, and no mBB component is required. These features may imply that the emission of the three episodes are dominated by distinct physics processes, i.e., Episode I is possible from the cocoon emission surrounding the relativistic jet, Episode II may be from photosphere emission and internal shock of the relativistic jet, and Episode III is contributed by internal and external shocks of the relativistic jet. On the other hand, both X-ray and optical afterglows are consistent with the standard external shocks model.
Evolution of Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Longterm Prospective Study
Authors: Tselios Konstantinos , Gladman Dafna D. , Su Jiandong , Ace Olga , Urowitz Murray B.
Published: November 2017

Objective.

We previously reported the effect of certain factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 250 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed for 8 years. The aim of this study was to delineate their evolution after 15 years of followup.

Methods.

There were 210 women with SLE and 138 age-matched healthy women available for analysis after 15 years. Cardiovascular events (CVE) included angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (fatal and nonfatal), transient ischemic attack, and stroke (fatal and nonfatal). Analysis was performed with SAS 9.3 software; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results.

CVE occurred in 41/210 patients (19.5%) and 9/138 controls (6.5%), most of them in the second part (2008–2015) of the study (24/210, 11.4% vs 17/241, 7.1% in SLE group). Coronary artery disease was more common in patients (32/210, 15.2% vs 5/138, 3.6%, p = 0.0041). There was no significant difference for cerebrovascular disease (10/210, 4.8% vs 3/138, 2.2%, p = 0.213). SLE was the most prominent CVE predictor in the first 8 years (HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–6.3). Hypertension and diabetes were more frequent in patients who developed CVE during the second half of the study. Thirty-one deaths occurred in patients with SLE (10 because of CVD) and 6 in controls (none because of CVD).

Conclusion.

The relative importance of atherosclerotic risk factors is significantly differentiated over time in SLE. Disease-related factors seem to dominate CV risk during the early stages while traditional factors, partially related to corticosteroid treatment, play a significant role later in the disease course.
Une utopie conservatrice
Authors: Ricciardi Ferruccio
Published: November 2017

Au croisement des projets de régulation sociale portés par le corporatisme fasciste et le paternalisme industriel, le domaine de l’organisation de la production et du travail durant l’entre-deux-guerres est traversé par de nombreuses initiatives qui cherchent à instituer les normes d’une nouvelle organisation sociale. En suivant le travail pédagogique développée par trois figures emblématiques d’experts du monde des affaires italien, cet article interroge les ressorts culturels et normatifs caractérisant cette « utopie technocratique » qu’est la rationalisation industrielle. Il montre l’existence, entre les sciences du travail appliquées à l’entreprise et le fascisme, d’une convergence stratégique sur le plan des valeurs et des présupposés idéologiques au nom du contrôle des classes laborieuses.
Une révolte postcoloniale entre Chine et Japon
Authors: Louzon Victor
Published: November 2017

À Taiwan, la fréquence des références positives au passé colonial japonais (1895-1945) s’enracine dans une histoire longue. Après une phase de violence ouverte, la domination japonaise (qui reste coercitive et discriminatoire) connut une pacification relative, puis élargit sa base sociale durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le pouvoir chinois qui s’installa en 1945 reconduisit certains traits de la domination coloniale, sans en égaler l’efficacité. En 1947, la population taiwanaise se souleva en puisant dans les répertoires d’action développés sous la colonisation. La violence de la répression s’explique par la radicalisation de l’inimitié sino-japonaise pendant la guerre, et par la volonté chinoise de solder le passé colonial de l’île.
Stefan Heym, Christa Wolf, Heiner Müller et la chute du mur de Berlin
Authors: Bellefeuille Carol-Ann
Published: November 2017

Stefan Heym, Christa Wolf et Heiner Müller étaient des écrivains populaires et influents en République démocratique allemande (RDA), mais se présentaient également comme des critiques du pouvoir communiste. Après la chute du mur de Berlin, ils se montrent néanmoins loyaux envers l’État et s’opposent aux citoyens qui réclament la réunification allemande. Ce discours ambigu témoigne de la stratégie de prise de parole qu’avaient adoptée ces auteurs : ils exprimaient des critiques non pour déstabiliser l’État, mais pour l’améliorer, car ils croyaient au bien-fondé du socialisme. Dans un État fermé où la littérature servait de source d’information alternative, leur loyauté critique leur permettait d’occuper une fonction légitime. Or, après 1989, cette façon d’agir n’est plus adaptée aux réalités.
The Impact of Reflective Teaching Applications Supported by Edmodo on Prospective Teachers’ Self-Directed Learning Skills
Authors: Hursen Cigdem , Gezer Fasli Funda
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of reflective teaching applications supported by Edmodo on prospective teachers’ self-directed learning skills. Also, the views of prospective teachers’ regarding the use of Edmodo in education, which is a social learning platform, are determined. For the research, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 36 prospective teachers within the scope of the “Teaching Practice” course. A 12-week application has been conducted online with the support of Edmodo; however, classroom settings using face-to-face learning methods have also taken place. The results of the research reveal that the reflective teaching applications supported by Edmodo had an impact on the prospective teachers’ self-directed learning skills. Furthermore, the results indicate that the prospective teachers who participated in the research were extremely satisfied with the Edmodo applications.

Keywords: Teacher education; self-directed learner; blended education; social learning platform; view
Generated PSM Web Model for E-learning Platform Respecting n-tiers Architecture
Authors: Srai Aziz , Guerouate Fatima , Berbiche Naoual , HilalDrissi Hilal
Published: November 2017

E-learning, or learning via a computer or mobile device, is growing. It can take many forms, such as an annotated PowerPoint presentation, a tutorial, or an interactive role-playing game .The possibilities are endless.

Today, 80% of companies and communities have done a number of interesting and effective e-learning solutions, and 30% of all professional training are e-learning courses. The development of these platforms is based mainly on different technologies. This technological diversity can make comparing or managing E-learning platforms difficult, and the choice of a given platform will be also complex. Therefore, to address this problem, this paper proposes a solution to generate a PSM model based on n-tier architecture from a PIM model. The language used is the QVT (Query View Transformation) transformation language.
Discovering Student E-Learning Preferred Navigation Paths Using Selection Page and Time Preference Algorithm
Authors: K Dharmarajan , Dorairangaswamy M. A.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, the student navigation paths and student or visitor interested page is identified. Student navigation interest pattern mining contains both the frequently navigation path based on webpage memory size and session length .Relatively comparing access proportion of viewing time and selective page size, preference can be used for mining student learning pattern instead of interested subject. In order to identify Preferred Navigation Paths, an efficient algorithm for Visitor Access Matrix (VAM) by the page to page transition probabilities statistics of all visitor behaviors is introduced in this paper. Second, we propose an efficient algorithm for Selection and Time Preference (SATP) to identify the preference of web pages by viewing time. Third, the user interested page would calculate by both memory size and session. In this way we proposed the Preference of page content size and session identifier algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated and the algorithms can determine preferred navigation path efficiently. The experimental results show the accuracy and scalability of the algorithms. This approach may be helpful in E-learning, E-business, such as web personalization and website designer
An appraisal of recent breakthroughs in machine translation: the case of past participle-based compound adjectives in ESP
Authors: Maniez François
Published: November 2017

Dans cet article, nous étudions la traduction automatique en français d'adjectifs composés (AC) en anglais de spécialité, en mettant l'accent sur les adjectifs constitués d'un participe passé précédé d'un nom ou d'un groupe nominal. Ces adjectifs sont omniprésents dans l'anglais scientifique ; si nombre d’entre eux font partie de termes pour lesquels il existe un équivalent de traduction stable, certains constituent encore un défi pour les traducteurs, dans la mesure où la prémodification dans le groupe nominal en anglais correspond souvent à des structures syntaxiques moins économiques dans les diverses langues romanes. Après un bref passage en revue des formes de participe passé les plus productives utilisées dans les AC, nous évaluons l’étendue de la couverture des AC formés à partir des participes passés based et induced dans une base de données terminologique connue et nous tentons d’évaluer la qualité des résultats obtenus par Google Translation à la suite des récentes améliorations qu’il a subies, notamment dans le cas de phrases où ces AC sont utilisés dans des expressions qui ne sont pas encore lexicalisées.
De Mexican flu à A(H1N1)pdm09 : les efforts de normalisation de l’OMS pour la dénomination des nouvelles maladies infectieuses humaines
Authors: Faure Pascaline
Published: November 2017

Pour la première fois, à la suite de pressions diplomatiques, en mai 2015, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) a publié des recommandations concernant la dénomination des nouvelles maladies infectieuses humaines. Dans cette note après avoir parcouru les principales matrices lexicogéniques utilisées dans la dénomination des maladies (éponymisation, toponymisation et orthonymisation) à travers les siècles qui ont marqué l’histoire de la médecine occidentale, nous proposons, à partir d’exemples en langue anglaise, d’analyser les raisons avouées (standardisation et désambiguïsation) – et celles moins avouables (industrielles et économiques) – qui ont amené l’OMS à intervenir dans un domaine qu’elle avait, jusqu’alors, abandonné aux scientifiques – et accessoirement aux journalistes. À partir d’exemples de dénomination que l’OMS juge réussis tels que severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), nous questionnons l’opportunité et la pertinence de ses recommandations. Dans une deuxième partie, au regard du nom des quelques maladies identifiées depuis mai 2015, nous examinons si les recommandations de l’OMS ont été suivies.
Electrochemical Analysis of Aged Copper Plating Bath in Wafer Level Packaging (Part 1)
Authors: Pavlov Michael , Lin Danni , Shalyt Eugene
Published: November 2017

Copper electroplating processes are widely used in semiconductor manufacturing, particularly during the packaging stage [1]. Copper deposition is used to build various structures including TSV, RDL, Pillars, and Micro and Mega Bumps. Those processes utilize plating solutions that contain inorganic components and organic additives [2]. During the electroplating process, the additives can partially transform into compounds that are so-called breakdown products. The presence of such breakdown products can interfere with the electrochemical analysis of organic additives. This article presents results of plating tests that show the influence of freshly produced breakdown products on analysis of organic additives. In addition, several options to eliminate this effect are presented.
Ultra-Compact Four-Channel 5–18 GHz Switched Filter Bank Utilizing PolyStrata® Microfabrication and 3D Packaging
Authors: Hermanson Chris , Reid Rob , Stacy Will
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a new approach to switched filter banks (SFB's) where the PolyStrata® microfabrication process is used to create three-dimensional signal routing and monolithic filter structures. This approach reduces the size of the SFB by an order of magnitude while achieving performance compared to legacy products. Nuvotronics' “Proto Filter Package” is a four-channel SFB design covering 5 – 18 GHz. It showcases how existing semiconductor and microelectronic assembly processes can be packaged with Polystrata®. The paper also describes how higher frequency designs (up to 110GHz) can be implemented using the same fabrication and assembly processes.
Reliability Analysis of a Wearable Sensor Patch (WSP) to Monitor ECG Signals
Authors: Soman Varun , Poliks Mark D. , Turner James N. , Schadt Mark , Shay Michael , Egitto Frank
Published: November 2017

Flexible Hybrid Electronic (FHE) devices interface flexible sensors and circuits with conventional rigid electronic components. This work reports preliminary results for the reliability aspects of a project aimed at fabricating a Wearable Sensor Patch (WSP) to monitor ECG signals. The device was fabricated by interfacing flexible electroplated Cu circuit lines and an ECG sensor on a Kapton® polyimide (PI) substrate with rigid electronics connected using SnPb solder (reflow temperature: 204 °C), making it a FHE device.

Phase I of this project faced reliability issues as Cu circuit lines were susceptible to failure due to cracking near the front-end signal conditioning chip. This issue needed to be resolved in Phase II of the project to produce a robust device fit to be used in real world applications. The effect of changes in Cu trace thickness (2 and 6 μm) and Kapton® PI thickness (2 and 5 mil) on device robustness was tested. Effect of the use of low reflow temperature SnBi solder (reflow temperature: 175 °C) on device reliability was also tested. Multiple devices fabricated using different configurations of Cu trace and Kapton® PI thicknesses and either SnPb or SnBi solder were bend tested to single out the most robust configuration. Improved solder pad design for Cu traces at solder joint sites was also tested.

It was observed that only devices with 6 μm thick Cu traces, 2 mil thick Kapton® and SnBi solder had no defects as a result of thermal cycling during fabrication. They also performed best during bend testing. Some of the factors contributing to robustness of this configuration might be lower CTE mismatch due to lower solder reflow temperature as well as greater strength under bending due to increased thickness. Improved solder pad design for Cu traces also improved device robustness considerably.
Microfabrication and Packaging Process for a Single-Chip Position, Navigation, and Timing System
Authors: Huan Junjun , Chodavarapu Vamsy P. , Xereas George , Allan Charles
Published: November 2017

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the primary means of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) for most civilian and military systems and applications. The rapid growth in autonomous systems has created a widespread interest in self-contained Inertial Navigation System (INS) for precise navigation and guidance in the absence of GPS. The microscale PNT systems need both specialized and low cost fabrication technologies to cost effectively bring these technologies to market. We describe an ultra-clean (low leak rate) wafer-level vacuum encapsulation microfabrication process of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based sensors and devices. Using this process we have fabricated inertial sensors, frequency reference resonators, and pressure sensors. In addition to providing excellent resistance to shock and vibration, this combined microfabrication and packaging method would allow the use of high volume low cost plastic packaging at the device level. The microfabrication process is an 8” wafer process based on high aspect ratio bulk micromachining of a 30 μm thick single-crystal silicon device layer that is vacuum encapsulated at 10 mTorr between two silicon wafers with the demonstrated leak rate of only 6.5 × 10−18 atm cm3/s.
Atmospheric Probe for Real Time Weather Monitoring
Authors: Prather J. Craig , Bolt Michael , Harrell Haley , Horton Tyler , Manobianco John , Adams Mark L.
Published: November 2017

This work outlines the development and testing of novel in-situ atmospheric sensors. The system is designed for deployment of the sensors en masse to increase the geospatial density of atmospheric measurements. This sensor system is being designed to replace the costly, larger atmospheric sensors currently in use. Improvement in sensor technologies, substrates, and additive manufacturing techniques have allowed for such a device to be realizable. The devices contain a sensor suite that gathers temperature, relative humidity, and pressure from microsensors as well as position, velocity, and heading from a compact GPS receiver. This data is then sent to a base station for analysis by atmospheric scientists, with the potential for real time analysis.
Electrical Chip-Board Interaction (e-CBI) of Wafer Level Packaging Technology
Authors: Zhao Wei , Nakamoto Mark , Dhandapani Karthikeyan , Henderson Brian , Lindley Ron , Radojcic Riko , Ray Urmi , Gunterus Aurel , Schwarz Mark , Syed Ahmer , Ramachandran Vidhya
Published: November 2017

Electrical Chip Board Interaction (e-CBI) has emerged as a new risk in chip design as silicon die can directly interact with printed circuit board (PCB) in substrate-less wafer level packaging technology. To assess this risk Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. has converted an existing test chip to wafer level packaging technology. Both the measured data and simulation results show that e-CBI risk is significant and must be carefully managed.
Multi-dimensional Ultrasonic Copper Bonding – New Challenges for Tool Design
Authors: Eichwald Paul , Althoff Simon , Schemmel Reinhard , Sextro Walter , Unger Andreas , Brökelmann Michael , Hunstig Matthias
Published: November 2017

In power electronics, copper connector pins are e.g. used to connect control boards with power modules. The new chip generation based on SiC and GaN technology increase the power density of semiconductor modules significantly with junction temperatures reaching 200°C. To enable reliable operation at such high temperature, the soldering of these connector pins should be substituted by a multi-dimensional copper-copper bonding technology. A copper pin welded directly on DBC substrate also simplifies the assembly. With this aim, a proper bond tool and a suitable connector pin geometry are designed. This paper presents a two-dimensional trajectory approach for ultrasonic bonding of copper pieces, e.g. connector pins, with the intention to minimize mechanical stresses exposed to the substrate. This is achieved using a multi-dimensional vibration system with multiple transducers known from flip chip bonding. Applying a planar relative motion between the bonding piece and the substrate increases the induced frictional power compared to one-dimensional excitation.

The core of this work is the development of a new tool design which enables a reliable and effective transmission of the multidimensional vibration into the contact area between nail-shaped bonding piece and substrate. For this purpose, different bonding tool as well as bonding piece designs are discussed. A proper bonding tool design is selected based on the simulated alternatives. This tool is examined in bonding experiments and the results are presented. In addition, different grades of hardness for bonding piece and substrate are examined as well as different bonding parameters. Optical inspection of the bonded area shows the emergence of initial micro welds in form of a ring which is growing in direction of the interface boundaries with increasing bonding duration.
Using a Metal Oxide Adhesion Layer and Wet Chemical Cu Metallization for Fine Line Pattern Formation on Glass
Authors: Merschky Michael , Michalik Fabian , Thoms Martin , Taylor Robin , Reinoso-Cocina Diego , Hotz Stephan , Brooks Patrick
Published: November 2017

With the trends towards miniaturization and heterogeneous integration, both IC and advanced substrate manufacturers are striving to meet the needs of next generation platforms, to increase the density of interconnects, and generate conductors featuring finer lines and spaces. Advanced manufacturing technologies such as Semi-Additive-Processing (SAP) and Advanced Modified-Semi-Additive-Processing (amSAP) were devised, realized and implemented in order to meet these requirements. Line and space (L/S) requirements of copper conductors will be below 5/5μm for advanced substrates, with 2/2μm L/S required for chip to chip connections in the near future. Herein we report about the performance of the new developed ferric sulfate based EcoFlash™ process for SAP and amSAP application with the focus on glass as the substrate and VitroCoat as thin metal oxide adhesion promotion layer.

The adhesion promotion layer (about 5–10 nm thickness) is dip-coated by a modified sol-gel process followed by sintering which creates chemical bonds to the glass. The sol-gel dip coating process offers good coating uniformity on both Though-Glass-Via (TGV) and glass surfaces under optimized coating conditions. Uniform coating can be achieved up to aspect ratios of 10:1 by using a 300μm thick glass with 30μm diameter TGV.

The thin adhesive layer enables electroless and electrolytic copper plating directly onto glass substrates. Excellent adhesion of electroless plated copper seed layer on glass can be achieved by using the adhesive layer and annealing technology. The thin adhesive layer is non-conductive and can be easily removed from the area between circuit traces together with the electroless copper seed layer by etching with a ferric sulfate based process. We have successfully integrated the adhesion layer and electroless and electrolytic copper plating technologies into semi-additive process and seed layer etching capable producing L/S below 10 μm.