bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All-carbon phosphoranesviadifluorocarbene trapping
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir O. , Volodin Alexander D. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: April 2021

A reaction of intramolecularly disposed phosphonium and phenoxide (or thiophenoxide) fragments with difluorocarbene affording all-carbon λ5-phosphoranes is described.
Non-classical polyinterhalides of chlorine monofluoride: experimental and theoretical characterization of [F(ClF)3]−
Authors: Pröhm Patrick , Schwarze Nico , Müller Carsten , Steinhauer Simon , Beckers Helmut , Rupf Susanne M. , Riedel Sebastian
Published: April 2021

The [F(ClF)3]− anion was synthesized from an organic chloride salt and chlorine monofluoride. Comparison between the [F(ClF)3]− anion and other permutated chlorine fluorine heptahalides reveals the unique effect of a central fluoride ion.
Rapid spatially-resolved post-synthetic patterning of metal–organic framework films
Authors: Al-Ghazzawi Fatimah , Conte Luke , Wagner Klaudia K. , Richardson Christopher , Wagner Pawel
Published: April 2021

Reactive inkjet printing post-synthetically patterns MOF films rapidly and controllably.
Canonical and explicitly-correlated coupled cluster correlation energies of sub-kJ mol−1 accuracy via cost-effective hybrid-post-CBS extrapolation
Authors: Varandas A. J. C.
Published: April 2021

Sub-kJ mol−1 MUDs attainable for absolute correlation energies, reduce typically by one further order of magnitude for break-up ones.
Density functional theory study of transition metal single-atoms anchored on graphyne as efficient electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Song Wei , Xie Kun , Wang Jinlong , Guo Yongliang , He Chaozheng , Fu Ling
Published: April 2021

(a) Screening results of TM@GY for the NRR based on the free energy changes of the first and last hydrogenation steps (ΔG(*N2 → *N2H) and ΔG(*NH2 → *NH3)), respectively. (b) The free energies for H and N2 adsorption on all the TM@GY.
Directing osteoblastic cell migration on arrays of nanopillars and nanoholes with different aspect ratios
Authors: Cheng Yijun , Zhu Shuyan , Pang Stella W.
Published: April 2021

Platforms with nanopillars in grating arrangements and larger height could promote more cell elongation, more directional migration, and higher migration speed, which could potentially lead to cell screening.
Insights into the mechanisms and kinetics of the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of Artepillin C
Authors: Boulebd Houssem , Mechler Adam , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Nam Pham Cam , Quang Duong Tuan , Vo Quan V.
Published: April 2021

Through the single electron transfer mechanism, Artepillin C scavenges the hydroperoxyl radical in water approximately 572 times faster than Trolox.
Perturbation of gut microbiota plays an important role in micro/nanoplastics-induced gut barrier dysfunction
Authors: Qiao Jiyan , Chen Rui , Wang Mengjie , Bai Ru , Cui Xuejing , Liu Ying , Wu Chongming , Chen Chunying
Published: April 2021

Exposure to micro/nanoplastics (M/NPLs) deteriorates the intestinal barrier by disturbing the bacterial composition in the gut.
Discovery of a new asymmetric dimer nenestatin B and implications of a dimerizing enzyme in a deep sea actinomycete
Authors: Jiang Xiaodong , Fang Zhuangjie , Zhang Qingbo , Liu Wei , Zhang Liping , Zhang Wenjun , Yang Chunfang , Zhang Haibo , Zhu Yiguang , Zhang Changsheng
Published: April 2021

Isolation of NEN C from Δnes18 revealed the role of Nes18 in the biosynthesis of the asymmetric dimer NEN B.
Construction of 1T-MoS2quantum dots-interspersed (Bi1−xFex)VO4heterostructures for electron transport and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Munir , Zhai Haifa , Shad Naveed Akhtar , Shafique Muhammad , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Javed Yasir , Khan Sadaf Bashir , Amin Nasir , Zhang Zhengjun
Published: April 2021

The present study reports trigonal phase molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2/QDs)-decorated (Bi1−xFex)VO4composite heterostructures.
Preparation, characterization and application of MgFe2O4/Cu nanocomposite as a new magnetic catalyst for one-pot regioselective synthesis of β-thiol-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Eisavi Ronak , Naseri Kazhal
Published: April 2021

A magnetically separable MgFe2O4/Cu nanocomposite was prepared and used as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of new β-thiol-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles from thiiranes.
Identification of (2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3-yl-3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoate as multiple inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 targets; a systematic molecular modelling approach
Authors: Selvaraj Jubie , Sundar P Shyam , Rajan Logesh , Selvaraj Divakar , Palanisamy Dhanabal , Namboori PK Krishnan , Mohankumar Suresh Kumar
Published: April 2021

Structure-based insilico-guided screening of potential polytargeting anti-COVID phytochemical: gallocatechin gallate analogue.
Hydrazine dihydrochloride as a new additive to promote the performance of tin-based mixed organic cation perovskite solar cells
Authors: You Jiayu , Wang Meng , Xu Cunyun , Yao Yanqing , Zhao Xusheng , Liu Debei , Dong Jun , Guo Pengju , Xu Gaobo , Luo Chuanyao , Zhong Yuanxin , Song Qunliang
Published: April 2021

This work provides an easy approach to achieve a high performance of tin based perovskite solar cells via introducing the reductive additive of N2H4·2HCl into the perovskite precursor.
A novel photothermal, self-healing and anti-reflection water evaporation membrane
Authors: Sun Hao , Li Xin , Chen Jun , Zhu Haiyan , Miao Hongyan , Li Ying , Liu Xuefeng , Shi Gang
Published: April 2021

A self-healing hydrogel is prepared via free radical copolymerization with covalent cross-linking and coordination cross-linking, and used for solar water evaporation.
A hybrid membrane coating nanodrug system against gastric cancer via the VEGFR2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Long Ying , Wang Zhou , Fan Jialong , Yuan Liqin , Tong Chunyi , Zhao Yanzhong , Liu Bin
Published: April 2021

This work adopted multifunctional drug CS-1 together with AP to construct a novel nanocarrier LP-R/C@AC, it enhanced drug targeting enrichment and exhibited excellent anti-gastric cancer efficiency, showing a great prospect for clinical therapy.
MOF-derived hexagonal In2O3 microrods decorated with g-C3N4 ultrathin nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Hu Liujun , Yang Hongli , Wang Shuhua , Gao Junlun , Hou Huilin , Yang Weiyou
Published: April 2021

We report the construction of highly efficient In2O3@g-C3N4 heterostructures with intimate contact for photocatalytic H2 production through decoration of g-C3N4 ultrathin nanosheets on the surface of MOF-derived hexagonal In2O3 microrods.
Identification of loss-of-function RyR2 mutations associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and sudden death
Authors: Zhong Xiaowei , Guo Wenting , Wei Jinhong , Tang Yijun , Liu Yingjie , Zhang Joe Z. , Tan Vern Hsen , Zhang Lin , Wang Ruiwu , Jones Peter P. , Napolitano Carlo , Priori Silvia G. , Chen S.R. Wayne
Published: April 2021

Mutations in cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) are linked to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Most CPVT RyR2 mutations characterized are gain-of-function (GOF), indicating enhanced RyR2 function as a major cause of CPVT. Loss-of-function (LOF) RyR2 mutations have also been identified and are linked to a distinct entity of cardiac arrhythmia termed RyR2 Ca2+ release deficiency syndrome (CRDS). Exercise stress testing (EST) is routinely used to diagnose CPVT, but it is ineffective for CRDS. There is currently no effective diagnostic tool for CRDS in humans. An alternative strategy to assess the risk for CRDS is to directly determine the functional impact of the associated RyR2 mutations. To this end, we have functionally screened 18 RyR2 mutations that are associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) or sudden death. We found two additional RyR2 LOF mutations E4146K and G4935R. The E4146K mutation markedly suppressed caffeine activation of RyR2 and abolished store overload induced Ca2+ release (SOICR) in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. E4146K also severely reduced cytosolic Ca2+ activation and abolished luminal Ca2+ activation of single RyR2 channels. The G4935R mutation completely abolished caffeine activation of and [3H]ryanodine binding to RyR2. Co-expression studies showed that the G4935R mutation exerted dominant negative impact on the RyR2 wildtype (WT) channel. Interestingly, the RyR2-G4935R mutant carrier had a negative EST, and the E4146K carrier had a family history of sudden death during sleep, which are different from phenotypes of typical CPVT. Thus, our data further support the link between RyR2 LOF and a new entity of cardiac arrhythmias distinct from CPVT.
H I content in Coma cluster substructure
Authors: Healy J. , Blyth S.-L. , Verheijen M. A. W. , Hess K. M. , Serra P. , van der Hulst J. M. , Jarrett T. H. , Yim K. , Józsa G. I. G.
Published: April 2021

Context. Galaxy clusters are some of largest structures in the universe. These very dense environments tend to be home to higher numbers of evolved galaxies than found in lower-density environments. It is well known that dense environments can influence the evolution of galaxies through the removal of the neutral gas (H I) reservoirs that fuel star formation. It is unclear which environment has a stronger effect: the local environment (i.e., the substructure within the cluster), or the cluster itself.

Aims. Using the new H I data from the Westerbork Coma Survey, we explore the average H I content of galaxies across the cluster comparing galaxies that reside in substructure to those that do not.

Methods. We applied the Dressler–Shectman test to our newly compiled redshift catalogue of the Coma cluster to search for substructure. With so few of the Coma galaxies directly detected in H I, we used the H I stacking technique to probe the average H I content below what can be directly detected.

Results. Using the Dressler–Shectman test, we find 15 substructures within the footprint of the Westerbork Coma Survey. We compare the average H I content for galaxies within substructure to those not in substructure. Using the H I stacking technique, we find that those Coma galaxies not detected in H I are more than 10–50 times more H I deficient than expected, which supports the scenario of an extremely efficient and rapid quenching mechanism. By studying the galaxies that are not directly detected in H I, we also find Coma to be more H I deficient than previously thought.
Warm ISM in the Sgr A complex
Authors: García P. , Abel N. , Röllig M. , Simon R. , Stutzki J.
Published: April 2021

Context. The Arches Cluster – Arched Filaments (AF) system is our Galaxy’s prime example of the complexity involved in the interaction between the strong radiation field of numerous OB stars and their surrounding ISM in extremely harsh environments such as the Galactic center (GC) of the Milky Way. It offers a unique opportunity to study the close relationship between photon-dominated regions (PDRs) and H II regions and their relative contributions to the observed [CII] emission.

Aims. We aim to investigate the I([CII]) versus I([NII]) integrated intensity behavior in the AF region in order to assess the [CII] emission contribution from the H II region, which is traced by [NII] line observations, and PDR components in the high-metallicity environment of the GC.

Methods. We used [CII] 158 μm and [NII] 205 μm fine structure line observations of the AF in the literature to compare their observational integrated intensity distribution to semi-theoretical predictions for the contribution of H II regions and adjacent PDRs to the observed [CII] emission. We explored variations in the [C/N] elemental abundance ratio to explain the overall behavior of the observed relationship. Based on our models, the H II region and PDR contributions to the observed [CII] emission is calculated for a few positions within and near to the AF. Estimates for the [C/N] abundance ratio and [N/H] nitrogen elemental abundance in the AF can then be derived.

Results. The behavior of the I([CII]) versus I([NII]) relationship in the AF can be explained by model results satisfying 0.84 < [C/N]AF < 1.41, with model metallicities ranging from 1 Z⊙ to 2 Z⊙, hydrogen volume density log n(H) = 3.5, and ionization parameters log U from −1 to −2. A least-squares fit to the model data points yields log I([CII]) = 1.068 × log I([NII]) + 0.645 to predict the [CII] emission arising from the H II regions in the AF. The fraction of the total observed [CII] emission arising from within PDRs varies between ~0.20 and ~0.75. Our results yield average values for the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and nitrogen elemental abundances of [C/N]AF = 1.13 ± 0.09 and [N/H]AF = 6.21 × 10−4 for the AF, respectively. They are a factor of ~0.4 smaller and ~7.5 larger than their corresponding Galactic disk values.

Conclusions. The large spatial variation of the fraction of [CII] emission arising either from H II regions or PDRs suggests that both contributions must be disentangled before any modeling attempt is made to explain the observed [CII] emission in the AF. We suggest thatsecondary production of nitrogen from low- to intermediate-mass stars in the Galactic bulge is a plausible mechanism to explain the large abundance differences between the GC and the Galactic disk. The mass loss of such stars would enrich the GC ISM with nitrogen as the gas falls into the inner GC orbits where the AF are located. Overall, our results show that tight constraints are needed on the [C/N] abundance ratio for the GC, significantly tighter than previous abundance measurements have discerned.
Applicability of Taylor’s hypothesis during Parker Solar Probe perihelia
Authors: Perez Jean C. , Bourouaine Sofiane , Chen Christopher H. K. , Raouafi Nour E.
Published: April 2021

We investigate the validity of Taylor’s hypothesis (TH) in the analysis of velocity and magnetic field fluctuations in Alfvénic solar wind streams measured by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) during the first four encounters. The analysis is based on a recent model of the spacetime correlation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, which has been validated in high-resolution numerical simulations of strong reduced MHD turbulence. We use PSP velocity and magnetic field measurements from 24 h intervals selected from each of the first four encounters. The applicability of TH is investigated by measuring the parameterϵ = δu0/√2V⊥, which quantifies the ratio between the typical speed of large-scale fluctuations,δu0, and the local perpendicular PSP speed in the solar wind frame,V⊥. TH is expected to be applicable forϵ≲ 0.5 when PSP is moving nearly perpendicular to the local magnetic field in the plasma frame, irrespective of the Alfvén Mach numberMA=VSW∕VA, whereVSWandVAare the local solar wind and Alfvén speed, respectively. For the four selected solar wind intervals, we find that between 10 and 60% of the time, the parameterϵis below 0.2 and the sampling angle (between the spacecraft velocity in the plasma frame and the local magnetic field) is greater than 30°. For angles above 30°, the sampling direction is sufficiently oblique to allow one to reconstruct the reduced energy spectrumE(k⊥) of magnetic fluctuations from its measured frequency spectra. The spectral indices determined from power-law fits of the measured frequency spectrum accurately represent the spectral indices associated with the underlying spatial spectrum of turbulent fluctuations in the plasma frame. Aside from a frequency broadening due to large-scale sweeping that requires careful consideration, the spatial spectrum can be recovered to obtain the distribution of fluctuation’s energy across scales in the plasma frame.
HCN (1−0) opacity of outflowing gas in Arp 220W
Authors: Wang J. Z. , Liu S. , Zhang Z.-Y. , Shi Y.
Published: April 2021

Context. We present our findings for the HCN/H13CN 1−0 line ratio in the molecular outflow of Arp 220 west based on high-resolution ALMA data.

Aims. Molecular gas masses in the outflowing gas of galaxies driven by active galactic nuclei or starbursts are important parameters for understanding the feedback of these latter two phenomena and star-formation quenching. The conversion factor of line luminosities to masses is related to the optical depth of the molecular lines.

Methods. Using H13CN 1–0, the isotopic line of HCN 1−0, to obtain the line ratio of HCN/H13CN 1−0 is an ideal way to derive the optical depth of HCN 1−0 in outflowing gas.

Results. With the nondetection of H13CN 1−0 in the outflowing gas, a 3σ lower limit of HCN/H13CN 1−0 line ratio is obtained, which is at least three times higher than that found in the whole of the whole system of Arp 220. The high HCN/H13CN 1−0 line ratio indicates low opacity of HCN 1−0 in the outflowing gas, even though the upper limit of HCN 1−0 opacity obtained here is still not good enough to draw any robust conclusions if HCN 1−0 is optically thin. A lower conversion factor of HCN 1−0 luminosity to dense gas mass in the outflowing gas should be used than that used for the host galaxy of Arp 220.
The Cosmic Large-Scale Structure in X-rays (CLASSIX) Cluster Survey
Authors: Böhringer Hans , Chon Gayoung , Trümper Joachim
Published: April 2021

Previous studies of the galaxy and galaxy cluster distribution in the local Universe found indications for a large extension of the Local Supercluster up to a radius of 190 h70−1 Mpc. We are using our large and highly complete CLASSIX survey of X-ray luminous galaxy clusters detected in the ROSAT All Sky Survey to trace the matter distribution in the local Universe and to explore the size of the flattened local density structure associated with the Local Supercluster. The Local Supercluster is oriented almost perpendicular to the Galactic plane. Since Galactic extinction increases towards the Galactic plane, objects are on average more easily visible perpendicular to the plane than close to it, also producing an apparent concentration of objects along the Local Supercluster. We can correct for this bias by a careful treatment of the survey selection function. We find a significant overdensity of clusters in a flattened structure along the Supergalactic plane with a thickness of about 50 Mpc and an extent of about 100 Mpc radius. Structures at a distance larger than 100 Mpc are not correlated to the Local Supercluster any more. The matter density contrast of the local superstructure to the surroundings is about a factor of 1.3−2.3. Within the Supergalactic plane the matter is concentrated mostly in two superclusters, the Perseus-Pices Chain and Hydra-Centaurus supercluster. We have shown in our earlier work that the local Universe in a region with a radius of 100−170 Mpc has a lower density than the cosmic mean. For this reason, the Local Supercluster is not overdense with respect to the cosmic mean density. Therefore this local superstructure will not collapse as a whole in the future, but rather fragment.
Searching for pulsars in the Galactic centre at 3 and 2 mm
Authors: Torne P. , Desvignes G. , Eatough R. P. , Kramer M. , Karuppusamy R. , Liu K. , Noutsos A. , Wharton R. , Kramer C. , Navarro S. , Paubert G. , Sanchez S. , Sanchez-Portal M. , Schuster K. F. , Falcke H. , Rezzolla L.
Published: April 2021

Pulsars in the Galactic centre promise to enable unparalleled tests of gravity theories and black hole physics and to serve as probes of the stellar formation history and evolution and the interstellar medium in the complex central region of the Milky Way. The community has surveyed the innermost region of the galaxy for decades without detecting a population of pulsars, which is puzzling. A strong scattering of the pulsed signals in this particular direction has been argued to be a potential reason for the non-detections. Scattering has a strong inverse dependence on observing frequency, therefore an effective way to alleviate its effect is to use higher frequencies in a survey for pulsars in the Galactic centre, in particular, close to the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. We present the first pulsar survey at short millimetre wavelengths, using several frequency bands between 84 and 156 GHz (λ = 3.5–1.92 mm), targeted to the Galactic centre. The observations were made with the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 30m Telescope in 28 epochs between 2016 December and 2018 May. This survey is the first that is essentially unaffected by scattering and therefore unbiased in population coverage, including fast-spinning pulsars that might be out of reach of lower-frequency Galactic centre surveys. We discovered no new pulsars and relate this result mainly to the decreased flux density of pulsars at high frequencies, combined with our current sensitivity. However, we demonstrate that surveys at these extremely high radio frequencies are capable of discovering new pulsars, analyse their sensitivity limits with respect to a simulated Galactic centre pulsar population, and discuss the main challenges and possible improvements for similar surveys in the future.
Pandemics and Sustainable Human Nature Relations: A Case study in Baduy Community, South Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Iskandar Johan
Published: April 2021

In the past, traditional people across cultures in the world in utilizing and managing natural resources and the environment were based on the local knowledge (LK) or Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and embedded with culture, so that the environment was avoided from damage. Today, as a result of changes in human behavior towards the environment, it has caused various environmental damages and the emergence of pandemic diseases, such as the Covid-19. This article elucidates the relationship between human and natures and environmental changes that have caused emergence of pandemic diseases, including Covid-19. Various efforts have been undertaken by the Indonesian government to cope Covid-19. For example, to prevent the widespread spread of Covid-19 in society, the Indonesian government has recommended every individual to implement the standard health protocols, such as by applying ‘three m’:menjaga jarak(physical distancing),mencuci tangan dengan sabun(washing hands with soap), andmenggunakan masker(wearing masks). Culturally, most of the rural communities in Indonesia initially have a tradition of maintaining health in the family based on local knowledge and strongly embedded by culture, as shown by the traditional people of Baduy community who reside in Village of Kanekes, South Banten. Therefore, the authors suggest that various multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies, including the Ethnobiology study, should be carried out more intensively in Indonesia because the results of these studies can be useful for the development of science, and the practical results could be used to integrate with Western scientific knowledge to support various sustainable development programs, such as disaster management, including pandemics that are caused by viruses due to environmental changes..
The Public Participation Shifting of Environmental Impact Assessment During Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Hasan Adib , Megantara Erri N.
Published: April 2021

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not only about development and protecting environment, but also about public participation during all the process. It is not an exaggeration that public participation is claimed as one of the key indicators of the effectiveness of EIA. Therefore, even in pandemic conditions while development still must go on at the same time, public participation can be avoided in the EIA process. In a wide range of international arrangements and national regulation, there are several guidance in accommodating public participation such as the Aarhus Convention 1998 and Indonesian national regulation. This article compares and analyses those legal procedures in mitigating unexpected conditions. The result shows that both of them are still feasible to be applied even in abnormal circumstances. Some barriers are identified especially related to implementing advanced technology. Therefore, how these aspirations are conveyed and accepted must be done in various alternative ways.
Stevia Development Strategy In The Village Of Mekarsari Sub District Cikajang District Garut West Java Province
Authors: Pardian Pandi , Hapsari Hepi , Sukayat Yayat
Published: April 2021

Stevia is one of the commodities that has not been widely known to be tried by farmers but has begun to be developed in the village of Mekarsari Cikajang District Garut West Java by a farmer who is also head of the Village. As a new commodity is not easy to accept and requires a certain strategy for farmers to be interested in stevia farming. This research aims to identify a recommended strategy for developing stevia commodities in Mekarsari village. The research method uses case study with surveys and interviews while data analysis used IFE, EFE, and IE matrix analysis, and to make the decision used QSPM matrix analysis results. The study results showed that the Stevia development strategy in Mekarsari village has a high opportunity and to make it farmers to develop stevia if it is done with the showing the increase of stevia farmer life in material (financial) compared with the farming activity before. it will lead the farmers to try to farming stevia
Phylogenetic of Four Bamboo Genera Based on NdhH Sequences, Chloroplast DNA
Authors: Annisa  , Hafzari Rini , Irawan Budi , Setiawati Tia , Kusmoro Joko
Published: April 2021

Bamboos are versatile plants with many usages. Indonesia has a high diversity of Bamboos species and has been using them for a long time. As multipurpose plants, they are vulnerable to over exploration. Much of the bamboo land has been converted into housing or agricultural land. Development and conservation need to be balanced, to protect the genetic diversity, bamboo in particular. We studied the relationship among four genera of bamboo that mostly found in Indonesia using gene that presents in chloroplast DNA, ndhH. DNA from twenty-four samples from Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, Gigantochloa and Schizostachyum were extracted and amplified using specific ndhH primer. Sequencing results were analysed with BioEdit 7.2 software. Phylogenetic tree was build using raxmlGUI 2.0 software. The result showed that ndhH gene generated good sequence quality. It has small variation among samples. The result suggested that ndhH was able to differentiate some species within Schizostachyum, however; it was not a success for others.
Utilization of Randayan Island Coastal and Small Islands Protected Area for Development of Sustainable Diving Tourism
Authors: Hidayat Enjang Hernandi , Parikesit  , Ihsan Yudi Nurul
Published: April 2021

Randayan Island and The Surrounding Water Small Island Park (TPK Pulau Randayan dan Perairan Sekitarnya) is one of the Coastal and Small Islands Protected Areas (MPA) in West Kalimantan which has the potential to be developed into a marine tourism destination, especially sustainable diving tourism. The area has resources with a high level of diversity such as coral reefs, coral fish, seagrass, and other potential aquatic biota. This study aims to identify potentials, conduct resource suitability analysis, calculate the carrying capacity of the area, the carrying capacity of utilization, and make a map of area utilization suitability for the development of sustainable diving tourism. This research uses quantitative methods with tourism suitability analysis based on Yulius, et al (2018) and carrying capacity analysis based on Yulianda (2019). The data source is secondary data obtained from previous research and from publications published by several related agencies. The results showed that the Tourism Suitability Index for diving tourism in the limited use zone of Randayan Island Small Island Park consisted of Station 1 (Pulau Kabung), Station 2 (Pulau Lemukutan), Station 3 (Pulau Penata Besar), and Station 4 (Pulau Randayan) are included in the Conditional Suitable category, with scores of 65%, 56%, 72%, 65%, respectively. The Area Carrying Capacity at each station are 596, 1,354, 1,028, 157 people per day, with the Utilization Carrying Capacity of 59, 135, 102, and 15 people per day.
Ecotourism development in National Parks: A new paradigm of forest management in Indonesia
Authors: Indira Anggraini Renny , Gunawan Budhi
Published: April 2021

The forest management in Indonesia is currently using a new paradigm, one of which is the involvement of local communities. This paradigm applied throughout Indonesia, especially in state forest areas and customary forests. National parks are part of state forests where management involves the community. One of the management methods used is community-based ecotourism which has widely implemented to communities around the national park. This approach used to improve people livelihoods and to minimize forest encroachment, illegal logging, and illegal hunting. In this relation, this article aims to provide a description of the Indonesian research literature on ecotourism development program regarding forest management in the community around national park areas. It found that ecotourism plays a role in the forest management by improving forest management and maintaining biodiversity, including protection of endangered species and their habitats. Meanwhile, ecotourism also empowering local communities, providing direct and indirect economic benefits. Nevertheless, comprehensive management planning is needed to minimize the ecotourism impacts, such as wildlife behavior and morphological change. The previous studies give understanding about ecotourism development in national parks that can be useful to improve national park management programs. However, further studies are still needed to support sustainable national park management.
DNA sexing for gender determination of Changeable Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus, Gmelin, 1788)
Authors: Annisa  , Fikriyanti Mariana , Withaningsih Susanti
Published: April 2021

The Changeable hawk-eagle (Brontok eagle) is a protected bird species. It is one of the most frequently hunted and traded birds in Indonesia. The processes of being traded changes this bird natural behaviour. Therefore, a rehabilitation effort to return the eagle’s behaviour to conform to its natural habits is needed. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is to release the changeable hawk-eagle back into its natural habitat. In conservation and breeding programs, efforts to determine the sex of eagles to be released are very important to help increase the population of changeable hawk-eagles in their habitat by looking at the sex ratio. At the present, sex determination at the Kamojang Conservation Eagle Center (Pusat Konservasi Elang Kamojang or PKEK) uses the morphometric method. This research used the DNA sexing method with primers 2550F and 2718R to determine the sex of Changeable hawk-eagles in PKEK by extracting DNA from blood samples of 30 eagles. Comparison of DNA sexing results and morphometric data showed differences. This proves that DNA sexing, is suitable in determining changeable hawk-eagles’ sex.
Land Suitability Evaluation Of New Settlement For Citizen Affected By The Construction Of Cisokan Reservoir In West Bandung
Authors: Padhlulloh Luthpi , Parikesit  , Hadi Firman
Published: April 2021

The construction of the Cisokan Reservoir caused residents who previously lived and carried out activities around the land that would be inundated to have to move to another place. Based on the Land Acquisition and Relocation report, 10 locations were selected and already occupied by residents affected by the construction of the Cisokan Reservoir to be used as new residential land. An increase in the population of a space in a certain period of time is accompanied by an increase in the need for land, especially for housing needs. In an agrarian society, land is also needed for a production function. Land use for settlements must be regulated by taking into account ecological aspects so as not to cause problems and disasters in the future. With the Geographical Information System approach with the spatial scoring technique, the final results obtained at the research location were 3 land suitability classes, namely S1, S2, and S3 classes. The land suitability class N was not found in the study area. Meanwhile, for the resettlement locations of residents affected by the construction of the Cisokan reservoir from the 10 locations, all locations are in areas with land suitability class S2.
Unklare Bewusstseinsstörung – könnte es eine Vergiftung sein?
Authors: Hüser Christoph , Hackl Matthias , Suárez Victor
Published: April 2021

Bewusstseinsveränderungen sind eine typische Indikation für einen Notarzteinsatz. Dabei stellt das große Spektrum möglicher Differenzialdiagnosen für den Notarzt und die aufnehmende Klinik eine Herausforderung dar. Intoxikationen sind eine wichtige, jedoch insbesondere präklinisch oft schwierig zu identifizierende Ursache von Bewusstseinsveränderungen.
Einstufung des Grades der Schwerbehinderung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Chronischer Myeloischer Leukämie
Authors: Suttorp Meinolf , Sembill Stephanie , Metzler Markus
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund Die Chronische Myeloische Leukämie (CML) repräsentiert nur 2–3 % der pädiatrischen Leukämien. Sie wird meist in chronischer Phase (CML-CP) diagnostiziert und schreitet unbehandelt zur akzelerierten (CML-AP) und schließlich akut lebensbedrohlichen Blastenphase (CML-BP) fort. Anders als bei anderen Leukämieformen erfolgt in CML-CP keine intensive Chemotherapie, sondern auf unbestimmte Dauer eine Therapie mit oralen Medikamenten, den Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI). Diese kann mit allgemeinen und entwicklungsspezifischen Nebenwirkungen assoziiert sein. Die Seltenheit der pädiatrischen CML limitiert die Erfahrung bei der Festlegung des Grades der Behinderung (GdB) durch die Behörden.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine Fragebogen-Erhebung zu den Abläufen bei Antragsstellung für einen Schwerbehindertenausweis.

Resultate 34/70 Patienten (49 %; medianes Alter 11 J, Bereich 3–17 J; CML-CP/-AP/-BP: N = 28/3/3 Patienten) beantworteten die Fragen. Die mediane TKI-Therapiedauer betrug 33 Monate (Bereich 4–163 Mon.), wobei 24/34 Patienten (71 %) Nebenwirkungen berichteten. 5/34 Patienten (15 %) hatten keinen Behindertenausweis beantragt. In CML-BP wurde ein GdB 100 allen und in CML-AP 2 von 3 Patienten bewilligt; dem 3. Patienten wurde GdB 60 zugestanden. Bei den 21 Patienten in CML-CP variierte der bewilligte GdB von 20–100; 9/28 Patienten (32 %) erhielten GdB 50. Das Merkzeichen H (hilflos) wurde bei 5/28 Patienten (18 %) in CML-CP bewilligt.

Fazit Verglichen mit anderen pädiatrischen Malignomen lässt die große Spannbreite des GdB bei CML-CP auf eine Unsicherheit bei der Einschätzung der Einschränkungen durch die Erkrankung und Therapie schließen. Vorgaben bei Erwachsenen mit CML bieten nur wenig Orientierung, da sich bei pädiatrischen Patienten auch häufig entwicklungsspezifische Nebenwirkungen ergeben.
Facies leontina bei chronischer lymphatischer Leukämie
Authors: Kuske Marvin , Hering M. , Sergon M. , Beissert S. , Aschoff R.
Published: April 2021

Wir berichten über die seltene Entwicklung einer Leukaemia cutis, die sich als Facies leontina bei einem Patienten mit seit 4 Jahren bekannter chronischer lymphatischer Leukämie manifestierte. In Zusammenschau der Histomorphologie und des immunhistochemischen Phänotyps zeigte sich in der Dermis ein monomorphes Infiltrat von kleinen lymphatischen Zellen mit runden chromatindichten Zellkernen sowie Koexpression von CD20, CD5 und CD23. Dazwischen eingestreut waren einzelne CD3-positive T-Zellen. Obwohl die Facies leontina am häufigsten mit der lepromatösen Lepra oder einem kutanen T-Zell-Lymphom assoziiert ist, sollte insbesondere bei älteren Menschen auch an eine zugrundeliegende Leukämie gedacht werden.
Tracking Hospital Visitors/Chaperones during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hsu Suh-Meei , Cheng Tsung-Kuei , Chang Po-Jen , Chen Teng-Yu , Lu Ming-Huei , Yeh Hui-Tzu
Published: April 2021

Objective The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease with strong infectious power and fatality rate. To protect national health, government agencies have regulations on hospital chaperoning and visiting. This article presents the development and implementation of a monitoring system for hospital visiting and chaperoning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to create a hospital visiting and chaperoning monitor system that uses nation-wide data sources to more accurately screen hospital visitors and chaperones, assist contract tracing, and prevent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Methods This project was implemented in 57 ward units of an academic medical center. The system was connected to the National Health Insurance (NHI) system and Hospital Information System (HIS), and built on the data of everyone who accessed either the hospital or ward using an NHI smart card or national identification card. To shorten the time for manual identification, we also developed a new system of “app for appointment visits and chaperones” to make appointments online.

Results After the implementation of the system, data from visitors and chaperones in the nursing information system could be accessed. Given that all data were registered in the HIS visiting/chaperoning monitor system, an epidemic investigation could be performed whenever there was a confirmed case.

Conclusion Through the establishment of this system, people entering the ward can be accurately controlled, and all the contacts of potential cases can be traced.
eHealth Literacy of Medical and Health Science Students and Factors Affecting eHealth Literacy in an Ethiopian University: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mengestie Nebyu Demeke , Yilma Tesfahun Melese , Beshir Miftah Abdella , Paulos Genet Kiflemariam
Published: April 2021

Background eHealth literacy is individual's ability to look for, understand, and evaluate health information from electronic sources. Integrating eHealth literacy to the health system could help lower health care costs and ensure health equity. Despite its importance, the eHealth literacy level in Ethiopia has not been studied on medical and health science students, who are important parties in the health system. Understanding their level of eHealth literacy augments practice of health care, efficiency in education, and use of eHealth technologies.

Objective This research study aims to determine eHealth literacy level and identify its associated factors among medical and health science students in University of Gondar (UoG).

Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2019 among undergraduate medical and health science students in the UoG. Stratified multistage sampling was used. The eHealth literacy scale was used to measure eHealth literacy. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to measure association between eHealth literacy and the independent variables.

Results A total of 801 students participated in this study with a 94.6% of response rate. The majority (60%) were male and previously lived-in urban areas (68%). The mean eHealth literacy score was 28.7 and 60% of the participants possessed high eHealth literacy. Using health-specific Web sites (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86–4.33), having higher Internet efficacy (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.56–3.26), perceived usefulness of the Internet (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.95–5.69), medical app use (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.13–2.55), being female (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08–2.22), and being health informatics student (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.149–3.148) affect a high eHealth literacy level.

Conclusion The level of eHealth literacy in this study was moderate. Using specific reputable health Web sites, using smartphone medical applications, and Internet efficacy determine eHealth literacy significantly.
Stochastic mesoscale circulation dynamics in the thermal ocean
Authors: Holm Darryl D. , Luesink Erwin , Pan Wei
Published: April 2021

In analogy with similar effects in adiabatic compressible fluid dynamics, the effects of buoyancy gradients on incompressible stratified flows are said to be “thermal.” The thermal rotating shallow water (TRSW) model equations contain three small nondimensional parameters. These are the Rossby number, the Froude number, and the buoyancy parameter. Asymptotic expansion of the TRSW model equations in these three small parameters leads to the deterministic thermal versions of the Salmon's L1 (TL1) model and the thermal quasi-geostrophic (TQG) model, upon expanding in the neighborhood of thermal quasi-geostrophic balance among the flow velocity and the gradients of free surface elevation and buoyancy. The linear instability of TQG at high wavenumber tends to create circulation at small scales. Such a high-wavenumber instability could be unresolvable in many computational simulations, but its presence at small scales may contribute significantly to fluid transport at resolvable scales. Sometimes, such effects are modeled via “stochastic backscatter of kinetic energy.” Here, we try another approach. Namely, we model “stochastic transport” in the hierarchy of models TRSW/TL1/TQG. The models are derived via the approach of stochastic advection by Lie transport (SALT) as obtained from a recently introduced stochastic version of the Euler–Poincaré variational principle. We also indicate the potential next steps for applying these models in uncertainty quantification and data assimilation of the rapid, high-wavenumber effects of buoyancy fronts at these three levels of description by using the data-driven stochastic parametrization algorithms derived previously using the SALT approach.
First-principles study of thermodynamic miscibility, structures, and optical properties of Cs2Sn(X1−xYx)6 (X,Y = I, Br, Cl) lead-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Shi-Yu , Sun Meng , Zhang Shuoxin , Liu Shiyang , Li De-Jun , Niu Zhiqiang , Li Yaping , Wang Sanwu
Published: April 2021

The toxicity of lead (Pb) and the volatility of organic cations in typical Pb-based organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials are the two key challenges in emerging perovskite solar cells. Thus, the development of lead-free and inorganic perovskite materials for solar cells is of great interest. Here, the structural and optical properties of all-inorganic lead-free mixed Cs2Sn(X1−xYx)6 (X, Y = I, Br, Cl) perovskites are explored via first-principles calculations. The calculated Helmholtz free energies of mixing indicate that, at room temperature, Cs2Sn(I1−xBrx)6 and Cs2Sn(Br1−xClx)6 have good thermodynamic stability and miscibility in the whole range of Br/Cl contents. On the other hand, Cs2Sn(I1−xClx)6 has thermodynamic instability and immiscibility when the ratio of the Cl and I contents approaches 1. The bandgap of Cs2Sn(X1−xYx)6 increases as the concentration of doping (Y = Br, Cl) increases, while the lattice constant and volume generally decrease. The calculated optical absorption spectra of the perovskites show a significant blue shift as the doping concentration increases. These results demonstrate that the bandgap and optical absorption of the perovskites can be systematically tuned across a wide range upon dopant incorporation. This work may be helpful for designing all-inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells and optoelectronic materials.
Excitation of fishbone-like mode in tokamaks due to bounce resonances of trapped thermal ions
Authors: Xie Weichao , Liu Yueqiang , Hao G. Z. , Ma Ruirui , Chen Qian
Published: April 2021

When the drift kinetic effect of thermal ions is taken into account, a high-frequency fishbone-like mode (FLM) is found to be driven unstable by trapped thermal ions (TTIs) in tokamak plasmas, according to self-consistent magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD)-kinetic hybrid modeling utilizing the MARS-K code [Liu et al., Phys. Plasmas 15, 112503 (2008)] as well as an analytic theory. It is found that, similar to energetic particles, TTIs can also stabilize the internal kink mode, whereas the FLM is excited when the effective beta of TTIs exceeds a threshold value. The real frequency of the FLM is comparable to the bounce frequency of TTIs. The mode structure of the FLM can be significantly different from the conventional step-like function for the associated plasma radial displacement. This drift kinetic induced modification of the mode structure near the q = 1 surface is captured by non-perturbative MHD-kinetic hybrid computations with MARS-K. Furthermore, the FLM can only be triggered by TTIs at sufficiently high thermal temperatures. Both the FLM and the internal kink can be stabilized by sufficiently fast plasma toroidal rotation and parallel sound wave damping. These two conditions of high thermal temperature and (fast) flow stabilization, though making it challenging to observe the TTI-driven FLM in present day experiments, are favorable for the mode excitation in future reactor scale devices.
Extended space and time correlations in strongly magnetized plasmas
Authors: Vidal Keith R. , Baalrud Scott D.
Published: April 2021

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to show that strong magnetization significantly increases the space and time scales associated with interparticle correlations. The physical mechanism responsible is a channeling effect whereby particles are confined to move along narrow cylinders with a width characterized by the gyroradius and a length characterized by the collision mean free path. The predominant interactions are the 180° collisions at the ends of the collision cylinders, resulting in a long-range correlation parallel to the magnetic field. Its influence is demonstrated via the dependence of the velocity autocorrelation functions and self-diffusion coefficients on the domain size and run time in simulations of the one-component plasma. A very large number of particles, and therefore domain size, must be used to resolve the long-range correlations, suggesting that the number of charged particles in the collection must increase in order to constitute a plasma. Correspondingly, this effect significantly delays the time it takes to reach a diffusive regime, in which the mean square displacement of particles increases linearly in time. This result presents challenges for connecting measurements in non-neutral and ultracold neutral plasma experiments, as well as molecular dynamics simulations, with fluid transport properties due to their finite size.
Virtual probe stimulated tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: The extreme field enhancement in virtual-real probe dimer
Authors: Shen Zhe , Zi Xuefei , Du Mengyuan , Zhang Lin , Shen Yaochun , Hu Maohai
Published: April 2021

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) can be used for scanning imaging, molecular detection, and chemical analysis. The improvement of detection sensitivity, which is related to the electric field enhancement in the TERS substrate, has attracted much attention from researchers. In this work, we numerically studied the local electric field enhancement in the virtual-real probe dimer structure with a vertical gap. We mainly analyzed the influence of the structure parameters on the field enhancement using the finite-difference time-domain method. The Raman enhancement factor could reach up to 1.6×1015. The local field enhancement benefits from plasmon hybridization between the longitudinal component of the virtual probe and the local surface plasmon of the real probe. We also found that the full width at half maximum of the electric field was as narrow as 7.8 nm, and the volume of the hotspot for single-molecule detection can reach a maximum value of 155 nm3. The virtual-real probe dimer structure has ultrahigh field enhancement and spatial resolution, which is promising for high-sensitivity detection and high-resolution imaging.