bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A good company gone bad
Authors: Park Young Eun , Son Hyunsang , Yang Sung-Un , Lee Jae Kook
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate whether or not public relations efforts in corporate social responsibility (CSR) influence the news media in corporate crisis situations.

Design/methodology/approach

The study conducted a content analysis of press releases and news media based on traditional human-coded cross-lag analyses and a machine learning technique, a novel method of big data analysis to test hypotheses.

Findings

Results indicate that CSR press releases indeed influenced the news media. During the crisis point, however, agenda-building was not observed.

Practical implications

Corporations need to continue CSR activities and provide public relations materials consistently even after a crisis, as an agenda-building role could be recovered.

Originality/value

The study examines the relationship between CSR and crisis situations in an agenda-building theoretical framework. The authors introduce agenda-building in the corporate sector with machine learning techniques.
Social return on investment for community-based alcohol consumption control program during Buddhist Lent
Authors: Jirarattanasopha Varangkanar , Witvorapong Nopphol , Hanvoravongchai Piya
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the cost and benefit of a community-based alcohol consumption control program during the Buddhist Lent (BL) period in terms of social return on investment (SROI).

Design/methodology/approach

The research team evaluated the program in four selected villages from four regions using standard SROI. Relevant stakeholders were involved in the evaluation design and program impact map construction. Data, including costs, were collected from literatures, official documents, stakeholder interviews and focus group discussions. Alcohol abstinence and related data during and after the 2015 BL period were gathered from a survey questionnaire. The SROI ratio presented the social benefits compared against the total social investment.

Findings

The program was effective in producing a greater social value (2.7–5.9 times) than the cost of investment in every village. Cost savings from alcohol consumption constituted a major proportion of the program’s value.

Originality/value

The community-based alcohol consumption control program during BL can provide value for investment. Information from this study can be used by policy makers in their decision to continue or scale up the program. The SROI approach mainly relies on stakeholders that may present a bias; however, further study such as social cost-benefit analysis could provide additional insights.
PLS path modeling – a confirmatory approach to study tourism technology and tourist behavior
Authors: Müller Tobias , Schuberth Florian , Henseler Jörg
Published: November 2018

Purpose

As technology in tourism and hospitality (TTH) develops technical artifacts according to visitors’ demands, it must deal with both behavioral and design constructs in the context of structural equation modeling (SEM). While behavioral constructs are typically modeled as common factors, the study at hand introduces the composite into TTH to model artifacts. To deal with both kinds of constructs, this paper aims to exploit partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) as a confirmatory approach to estimate models containing common factors and composites.

Design/methodology/approach

The study at hand presents PLS-PM in its current form, i.e. as a full-fledged approach for confirmatory purposes. By introducing the composite to model artifacts, TTH scholars can use PLS-PM to answer research questions of the type “Is artifact xyz useful?”, contributing to a further understanding of TTH. To demonstrate the composite model, an empirical example is used.

Findings

PLS-PM is a promising approach when the model contains both common factors and composites. By applying the test for overall model fit, empirical evidence can be obtained for latent variables and artifacts. In doing so, researchers can statistically test whether a developed artifact is useful.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to discuss the practical application of composite and common factor models in TTH research. Besides introducing the composite to model artifacts, the study at hand also guides scholars in the assessment of PLS-PM results.
Conceptualizing “project resiliency”
Authors: Holdsworth Laura M.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

To meet the multidimensional needs of patients, health services are increasingly implementing complex programmes of care through partnerships between public, private and voluntary sector organisations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the implementation process of a complex, multi-innovative regional health and social care partnership to coordinate end-of-life care in the South East of England.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a pragmatic, pluralist design using primarily qualitative methods including observations, interviews, focus group and document review. Implementation theory provided the research framework.

Findings

While progress was made towards greater collaboration in the provision of end-of-life care, regional coordination of care among the 13 partner organisations was not achieved as envisioned. Low engagement stemming from national health system changes delayed decision making and shifted partners’ priorities. Individual stakeholder interest and motivation carried the elements that were successful.

Practical implications

The external political and economic environment hindered the involvement of some of the partners and suggests that a concept of “project resiliency” is particularly important for complex, multi-organisational projects which are implemented over time and by multiple stakeholders from different sectors. Future research should look further at what contributes to project resiliency and whether it might be operationalized so that projects can develop resilient factors for success.

Originality/value

Project resiliency is a new concept that bridges a gap in understanding how time-limited multi-organisational projects function amid a changing environment.
Classifying the integrated public safety areas (IPSAs): a multi-criteria based approach
Authors: Basilio Marcio Pereira , Pereira Valdecy , Costa Helder Gomes
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This study aims to focus on the application of a multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method to compare results presented by the Integrated Goals System based on the 12th edition of the Integrated Public Safety Areas (IPSAs) Award, which achieved goals established for Strategic Crime Indicators for the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The main objective of this research was to limit the compensatory effects of classification criteria on IPSAs that have achieved goals established for crime indicators by applying the MCDA method.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology was based on the application of MCDA. The MCDA method selected and used was ELECTRE III, being implemented by J-Electre software.

Findings

Compared to results of the current method, the results of the ELECTRE III method showed a 94.87 per cent change in ranking positions revealed via the SIM method. This finding denotes the elimination of compensatory effects of the criteria. As a consequence, it can be affirmed that the application of resources by IPSA managers to reduce the prevalence of a single strategic crime indicator is no longer a success factor for awarding in the established goal system.

Research limitations/implications

As limitations, it is possible to indicate the time cut used to carry out the research. The research may be extended to other issues of the productivity award.

Practical implications

The methodology applied with the use of ELECTRE III revealed that the government could reduce the cost with the incentive program to reduce criminal indices.

Social implications

As the MCDA method is based on a binary pairwise comparison system, the methodology imposes a change of attitude on local managers fighting crime to reduce crime indicators and to consequently build a local sense of safety in IPSAs.

Originality/value

This research fills a gap in the literature because there are few studies using the MCDA method in the field of public security. The value of the work lies in the creation of a method that gives the decision-maker, of the law enforcement agency, an alternative to improve the process of rewarding by productividad of the integrated areas of public security.
Cryptocurrencies and Digital Fiat Currencies
Authors: Kirkby Robert
Published: November 2018

Current generations of cryptocurrencies are not money, but future ones may be. While Bitcoin performs poorly as a store of value, it is actually on par with the Venezuelan bolívar over the last decade, and the Argentinian peso over the decade from 1986. I evaluate arguments in favour of central banks issuing digital fiat currency—intended to replace cash—and digital fiat money—intended to replace money more broadly. Digital fiat currency appears a natural step forward, but digital fiat money would be a bad idea as it makes the central bank responsible for the entire money supply.
Maternal psychopathology and mental health treatment delay in adolescents from a national cohort
Authors: Stalujanis Esther , Meinlschmidt Gunther , Belardi Angelo , Tegethoff Marion
Published: November 2018

Objective

To investigate whether maternal psychopathology predicts mental health service use and treatment delay in offspring with mental disorders.

Data Sources

Weighted data collected between 2001 and 2004 from NCS‐A participants (age: 13‐18 years; N = 2939) meeting DSM‐IV criteria for any lifetime mental disorder, assessed with WHO CIDI, and from their biological mothers.

Study Design

National representative cohort.

Data Collection

Maternal psychopathology was assessed with self‐report, adolescent mental health service use with the Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents.

Principal Findings

Maternal psychopathology predicted offspring mental health service use across various service sectors, except for school services. In the mental health specialty sector, estimates were highest for maternal affective (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.17, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 1.66‐2.82) and any mental disorder (HR = 2.13, 95 percent CI = 1.53‐2.97). For offspring use of any mental health services, estimates were highest for maternal behavior (HR = 1.60, 95 percent CI = 1.15‐2.21) and substance use disorders (HR = 1.57, 95 percent CI = 1.09‐2.24). Treatment delay of offspring mental health service use was predicted by maternal behavior disorders.

Conclusions

Maternal psychopathology fostered mental health service use in offspring with mental disorders, while maternal behavior disorders might also retard treatment. Considering parental psychopathology may help improving the prevention of unmet offspring service needs.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy in Food Science: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hatzakis Emmanuel
Published: November 2018

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a robust method, which can rapidly analyze mixtures at the molecular level without requiring separation and/or purification steps, making it ideal for applications in food science. Despite its increasing popularity among food scientists, NMR is still an underutilized methodology in this area, mainly due to its high cost, relatively low sensitivity, and the lack of NMR expertise by many food scientists. The aim of this review is to help bridge the knowledge gap that may exist when attempting to apply NMR methodologies to the field of food science. We begin by covering the basic principles required to apply NMR to the study of foods and nutrients. A description of the discipline of chemometrics is provided, as the combination of NMR with multivariate statistical analysis is a powerful approach for addressing modern challenges in food science. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of recent and key applications in the areas of compositional analysis, food authentication, quality control, and human nutrition is provided. In addition to standard NMR techniques, more sophisticated NMR applications are also presented, although limitations, gaps, and potentials are discussed. We hope this review will help scientists gain some of the knowledge required to apply the powerful methodology of NMR to the rich and diverse field of food science.
Accelerating Basic Science in an Intergovernmental Framework: Learning from CERN's Science Diplomacy
Authors: Höne Katharina E. , Kurbalija Jovan
Published: November 2018

CERN offers a highly relevant case to probe some of the assumptions of current debates on science diplomacy. Building on the existing literature and a number of expert interviews, this article discusses the origin of CERN, its governance structure, and the particular constellation of interests that form part of CERN's science diplomacy. We understand science diplomacy as a practice and explore this at the intersection between goals and values, everyday conduct, and the governance structure guiding interactions. Reaching beyond CERN as a specific case, we address the tension at the heart of science diplomacy debates between promoting peaceful relations and furthering strategic and national interests. We argue that it is precisely within this tension that science diplomacy unfolds. Further, the particular governance structure that CERN employs emerges as a blueprint for supporting a level playing field between scientists and diplomats and promoting scientific goals beyond narrow political considerations. Lastly, we make suggestions for capacity building and training in science diplomacy that focus on bringing the ‘world of science’ and the ‘world of diplomacy’, a distinction which emerged prominently from the literature and the interviews, together in useful ways.
UNESCO: Scientific Humanism and its Impact on Multilateral Diplomacy
Authors: Singh J. P.
Published: November 2018

The S of UNESCO stands for science, and provided some impetus for UNESCO's creation. This essay critically examines the ways in which science diplomacy at the multilateral level was mobilized to produce UNESCO's vision for a ‘culture of peace’. Underlying UNESCO's vision was the diplomacy of scientific humanism, best articulated in the words and person of its first Director‐General Julian Huxley, himself a scientist. The scientific method was the axiom that would bring diverse communities together. After examining the humanism of science diplomacy, this essay outlines two major effects of UNESCO's science diplomacy: science diplomacy networks and programs. The S of UNESCO contributed to global beliefs in multilateral diplomacy as a way of resolving conflicts, especially in further propagating the use of scientific evidence in multilateral negotiations. The essay also outlines the limits of these science networks, institutions, and scientific evidence in multilateral diplomacy although science may well be the unsung ‘hero’ of an otherwise highly politicized UNESCO.
Trends in age‐related disease burden and healthcare utilization
Authors: Atella Vincenzo , Piano Mortari Andrea , Kopinska Joanna , Belotti Federico , Lapi Francesco , Cricelli Claudio , Fontana Luigi
Published: November 2018

Aging is a strong risk factor for many chronic diseases. However, the impact of an aging population on the prevalence of chronic diseases and related healthcare costs are not known. We used a prevalence‐based approach that combines accurate clinical and drug prescription data from Health Search CSD‐LPD. This is a longitudinal observational data set containing computer‐based patient records collected by Italian general practitioners (GP) and up‐to‐date healthcare expenditures data from the SiSSI Project. The analysis is based on data collected by 900 GP on an unbalanced sample of more than 1 million patients aged 35+, observed in different time periods between 2005 and 2014. In 2014, 86% of the Italian adults older than 65 had at least one chronic condition, and 56.7% had two or more. Prevalence of multiple chronic diseases and healthcare utilization increased among older and younger adults between 2004 and 2014. Indeed, in the last 10 years, average number of prescriptions increased by approximately 26%, while laboratory and diagnostic tests by 27%. The average number of DDD prescribed increased with age in all the observed years (from 114 in 2005 to 119.9 in 2014 for the 35–50 age group and from 774.9 to 1,178.1 for the 81+ patients). The alarming rising trends in the prevalence of chronic disease and associated healthcare costs in Italy, as well as in many other developed countries, call for an urgent implementation of interventions that prevent or slow the accumulation of metabolic and molecular damage associated with multiple chronic disease.
Advanced prostate cancer update 2018
Authors: Sartor Oliver
Published: November 2018

The management of advanced prostate cancer today follows a multidisciplinary approach and involves multi‐target treatments. The paradigm has shifted from traditional hormonal therapy, surgery and radiation, to the use of chemotherapy, and until recently the development of various immunotherapies and radiopharmaceuticals. Recent advances turn to molecular medicine combining the expertise of molecular pathology and genetics. In this review, germline genetics, advances in castrate‐sensitive metastatic disease, androgen receptor alterations, potential new targeted therapy and novel radiopharmaceuticals will be discussed as the newest perspectives for treating prostate cancer. With better staging and new imaging techniques, patients who could be cured by localized treatments and who could benefit from more intensive regimens can be identified. In future, careful patient selection and novel combinations are likely to be required in the management of prostate cancer.
Large carnivore distribution in relationship to environmental and anthropogenic factors in a multiple‐use landscape of Northern Tanzania
Authors: Mkonyi Felix J. , Estes Anna B. , Lichtenfeld Laly L. , Durant Sarah M.
Published: November 2018

Effective management of threatened wildlife, particularly large carnivores, depends on a sound understanding of their spatial distribution and status in relationship to environmental or anthropogenic impacts. Here, we analyse data from spoor surveys to investigate occurrence across a multiple‐use landscape in the Tarangire–Simanjiro ecosystem in northern Tanzania for four taxa of African large carnivores: lions (Panthera leo), hyaenas (spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) and striped hyaenas (Hyaena hyaena) combined), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and leopards (P. pardus). We analysed our data using occupancy modelling, explicitly accounting for detectability, to identify associations with environmental and anthropogenic variables. Overall occurrence was estimated at 0.85 (SE = 0.06) for hyaena, 0.82 (SE = 0.15) for cheetah, 0.55 (SE = 0.10) for lion and 0.61 (SE = 0.21) for leopard. Lion occurrence was negatively associated with distance to park boundary. Hyaena occurrence was positively associated with human population density and negatively associated with bushland, while cheetah and leopard occurrences were positively associated with grassland. These results suggest that lions may be more vulnerable to human impacts than other species, while hyaenas may benefit from vicinity to humans. Our study demonstrates the value of spoor‐based occupancy surveys for understanding distribution and habitat use of secretive large carnivores.
Effects of human settlement and roads on diel activity patterns of elephants (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Branco Paola S. , Long Ryan A. , Gonçalves Dominique D. , Granli Petter K. , Poole Joyce H.
Published: November 2018

As the human footprint expands worldwide, people and wildlife are coming into greater contact, and areas of human activity may be simultaneously associated with risk and reward for animals. To avoid human threats while exploiting opportunities, animals may adjust their spatiotemporal activity, using areas of anthropogenic disturbance at night when people are less active. We combined four camera trap datasets from Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park to evaluate the effects of roads and settlement on diel activity patterns of elephants (Loxodonta africana). We found high rates of elephant activity along the boundary of the park, where elephants can access cultivated crops, and along roads, which serve as movement corridors. However, elephants restricted their activity to the night and crepuscular periods in these areas of human disturbance, seeking refuge in the interior of the park away from roads and settlements during the day. Our findings suggest that a history of killing and antagonism has instilled a fear of humans in this elephant population, with implications for research, tourism and human–elephant coexistence. Our study highlights the utility of camera traps in monitoring human–wildlife conflict and habituation and demonstrates the value of integrating disparate camera trap datasets for comparative analyses on landscape or even continental scales.
A gentle introduction to camera‐trap data analysis
Authors: Sollmann Rahel
Published: November 2018

Camera traps are increasingly used to study wildlife ecology and inform conservation, but valid inference depends on appropriate data analysis. This article introduces the most common analytical approaches for camera‐trap data. Camera traps are generally used as point‐based sampling devices, and many analytical methods require spatial independence of camera‐trap stations and temporal independence of subsequent records. Photographic rates of species should be interpreted with care, because they confound abundance/use with detectability. Occupancy models estimate species occurrence while accounting for imperfect detection and can reveal species–habitat associations. Capture–recapture models estimate abundance and detection probability from individual detection/nondetection data and are applicable to camera‐trap data for individually recognizable species. Spatial capture–recapture extends this framework by accounting for animal movement and location relative to the trap array. This is particularly useful for the often wide‐ranging species typically studied with camera traps and presents possibilities of modelling spatial population processes. Several methods have been developed to estimate abundance for species that cannot be individually identified; they all heavily rely on model assumptions. Finally, time stamps on camera‐trap records can be used to describe activity pattern and temporal interactions between species. Considering the usefulness of camera trapping, we expect ongoing development of analytical approaches for camera‐trap data.
How camera traps work and how to work them
Authors: Apps Peter J. , McNutt John Weldon
Published: November 2018

Camera traps are very widely used to monitor the presence of animals and record their behaviour. Setting them up properly enhances their performance and data yield. The paper describes how camera traps work and gives basic advice on camera selection, setting up camera traps for various purposes, protecting them from animals, keeping them working and troubleshooting. A camera trap's capture of a still image or video is triggered by a passive infrared detector that responds when something hotter or colder than the background moves in its detection zone. Target detection is camera traps’ weak point, and they need to be set up so that animals move across their detection zone rather than towards or away from the camera. Short trigger and recovery times are preferred. After dark, camera traps illuminate the subject with infrared light that is difficult for animals to see, or white light if colour images are required. During the day, stills and video are captured in colour, and at night in monochrome under infrared, or in colour with white illumination. Where cameras need to be sited depends on study design. Camera performance is sensitive to the height and angle that they are mounted at; maximum detections come from cameras just below the target's shoulder height, aimed horizontally. To avoid large numbers of false triggers, trim vegetation in the detection zone that might be moved by the wind. Keep cameras clean and change batteries frequently.
Spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) habitat occupancy in a national park, hunting area and private ranch in western Zimbabwe
Authors: Mhlanga Mlamuleli , Ramesh Tharmalingam , Kalle Riddhika , Madiri Tinaapi H. , Downs Colleen T.
Published: November 2018

Estimating habitat occupancy is one of the methods used in assessing how large carnivores utilise their environment, thereby enabling conservationists to make informed decisions for conservation management. We modelled spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta habitat occupancy in western Zimbabwe using sixty camera stations in a national park, a hunting area and a private ranch. Mean occupancy of the spotted hyaena was ψ = 0.617, SE = 0.147 and ψ = 0.502, SE = 0.107 during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Occupancy was high in clayey soils and grasslands in the national park and the safari area, a behaviour attributed to denning site preferences and possibly prey movement. Therefore, with changing land‐use, spotted hyaenas are likely to inhabit areas outside the national park as they search for food while restricting their dens to areas along grasslands that have clayey soils.
Are camera traps fit for purpose? A rigorous, reproducible and realistic test of camera trap performance
Authors: Apps Peter , McNutt John Weldon
Published: November 2018

Camera traps are now widely used to produce the data that inform critical, large‐scale conservation strategies, but insufficient attention has been paid to evaluating or validating their performance. A realistic, reproducible and rigorous test of camera trap performance has been developed, using a real animal target moving in different directions and at different distances from sets of up to six cameras. The test clearly shows differences in performance between camera trap brands and models that affect whether they are fit for research purposes, and the effects on camera performance of the small differences in mounting height and angle that are likely to arise when camera traps are used in the field.
Editorial: stepwise risk stratification for both F3 and F4 fibrosis stage in NAFLD patients
Authors: Idriss Rajab , Lai Michelle
Published: November 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Labenz et al and Labenz and Schattenberg papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14976 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15040.
Letter: vedolizumab drug concentrations in neonates following intrauterine exposure
Authors: Flanagan Emma , Gibson Peter R. , Begun Jakob , Ghaly Simon , Garg Mayur , Andrews Jane M. , Rosella Ourania , Rosella Gennaro , Bell Sally J.
Published: November 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Mahadevan et al and Julsgaard et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13960 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14837.
Editorial: direct anti‐viral agents, hepatitis C virus eradication, and gut‐liver axis—another mechanistic piece to the puzzle
Authors: Tariq Raseen , Wahab Abdul , Singal Ashwani K.
Published: November 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Ponziani et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15004.
Study design, process and outcome indicators of post‐authorization studies aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of risk minimization measures in the EU PAS Register
Authors: Farcas Andreea , Huruba Madalina , Mogosan Cristina
Published: November 2018

Risk minimization measures (RMMs) represent an essential tool for preventing the occurrence of safety‐related outcomes. The evaluation of RMMs effectiveness is essential to prove their success and ensure protection of public health. The aim of this qualitative review was to assess the design, process and outcome indicators used for attesting successful implementation of RMMs. We searched the EU Post‐Authorization Studies Register up to 30 June 2018 for studies having the scope defined as ‘effectiveness evaluation’. Study titles and objectives were screened to select the ones evaluating the effectiveness of RMMs. We described and assessed the extent to which these studies aligned with Good Pharmacovigilance Practices guidelines recommendations. Out of 360 registered studies, we identified 35 studies on evaluation of RMMs effectiveness, 29 being eligible for review. Twenty‐six studies evaluated additional RMMs, employed in case routine interventions are considered insufficient. All studies assessed process indicators, five also assessing outcome indicators, thus using a dual‐evidence approach as recommended by the guidelines. However, none of the latter used a pre‐post design, comparing the frequency of the adverse outcome before and after the implementation of RMMs. Behaviour and knowledge were the most often assessed process indicators. Outcome indicators included occurrence of adverse reactions, pregnancy, off‐label use and medication errors. Only four studies had an established threshold, all for process indicators. Stricter adherence to existing recommendations would allow for a more robust design for reaching established endpoints for RMM effectiveness evaluation. It would also infer harmonization, facilitate review and further more detailed guidance on conducting these studies.
Use of dynamic systems methods to characterize dyadic interactions in smoking cessation behavioural support sessions: A feasibility study
Authors: Gainforth Heather Louise , Lorencatto Fabiana , Erickson Karl , Baxter Kristy , Owens Kailey , Michie Susan , West Robert
Published: November 2018

Background

Understanding how behaviour change techniques (BCTs) operate in practice requires a method for characterizing the reciprocal, dynamic, and real‐time nature of behavioural support interactions between practitioners and clients. State space grids (SSGs) are an observational, dynamic systems methodology used to map the trajectory of dyadic interactions in real time. By mapping the flow of events in terms of practitioner and client actions, SSGs are potentially well suited to characterize behavioural support sessions.

Purpose

To develop reliable methods and examine the feasibility of using the SSG methodology for characterizing practitioners’ delivery of and clients’ response to BCTs in smoking cessation behavioural support sessions.

Methods

Smoking cessation behavioural support sessions were video‐recorded and transcribed verbatim (n = 6 recordings; 2,916 statements). All speech was coded independently by two researchers for content and duration using published frameworks for specifying practitioner‐delivered and client‐received BCTs in smoking cessation interactions. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed. Indices of practitioner–client interaction dynamics were derived: (1) reciprocity (i.e., attractor states, content congruence, conditional pairing) and (2) temporal patterning (i.e., variability, inter‐grid distance, combinatory micro‐patterning, sessional macropatterning). The extent to which indices can describe differences between sessions involving different practitioners and clients was examined.

Results

Inter‐rater reliability was moderate at 72% agreement. Indices of reciprocity and temporal patterning characterized differences between sessions involving different practitioners and clients.

Conclusions

State space grids provide a method for characterizing the complexity and variability of practitioner‐delivered and client‐received BCTs in behavioural support sessions. This method has potential to add explanatory value to smoking cessation intervention outcomes.

Statement of Contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Frameworks exist for characterizing practitioner‐delivered and client‐received behaviour change techniques (BCTs).

Methods are still needed to investigate which BCTs are effective under what conditions.

State space grids (SSGs) are a dynamic systems method that may better characterize behavioural support interactions.

What does this study add?

First reliable, dynamic systems, SSG coding procedures, methods, and measures to characterize behavioural support.

A method for examining reciprocality and temporal patterning of BCT delivery and receipt.

Establishes a dynamic systems method that adds explanatory value to the outcomes of interventions.
Developments in the field of allergy in 2017 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy
Authors: Roberts G. , Almqvist C. , Boyle R. , Crane J. , Hogan S. P. , Marsland B. , Saglani S. , Woodfolk J. A.
Published: November 2018

In this article, we described the development in the field of allergy as described by Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2017. Experimental models of allergic disease, basic mechanisms, clinical mechanisms, allergens, asthma and rhinitis and clinical allergy are all covered.
Vaping as an alternative to smoking relapse following brief lapse
Authors: Notley Caitlin , Ward Emma , Dawkins Lynne , Holland Richard , Jakes Sarah
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims

E‐cigarettes are the most popular aid to quitting smoking in the UK. Although many smokers quit, relapse is common. Historically, the literature has reported strong associations between tobacco smoking lapse and relapse following a quit attempt. This article aims to explore how smoking lapse is experienced by those who vape to quit smoking.

Design and Methods

A purposive sample of 40 UK vapers were matched to a sampling frame from a representative sample of UK quitters. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted. Data were thematically analysed iteratively situating reported experiences of smoking lapse within narrative descriptions of vaping. Iterative categorization was used as a technique to further explore a subset of data specifically focused on smoking lapse.

Results

Analysis revealed that smoking lapse is perceived qualitatively differently when using e‐cigarettes as compared to past quit attempts. Having the pleasurable alternative of vaping meant that full relapse to smoking was not inevitable. Instead, lapses were perceived as ‘permissive’ or ‘purposive’, intentional and contextualised, or for some as unintentional, with the resulting emotional response negatively reinforcing ongoing tobacco smoking abstinence.

Discussion and Conclusions

Our novel findings suggest that the role of tobacco smoking lapse in relation to relapse status may be theoretically redefined, drawing on data from vapers. These findings question the utility of previous theories of the role of smoking lapse in the relapse process. For ex‐smokers, vaping offers a pleasurable, viable pharmacological, but also social and psychological, substitution option for smoking and potentially powerfully alters the experience and threat of any lapse.
Sand and dust storms: underrated natural hazards
Authors: Middleton Nick , Tozer Peter , Tozer Brenton
Published: November 2018

Sand and dust storms (SDS) are wind erosion events typically associated with dryland regions, although they can occur in most environments and their impacts are frequently experienced outside drylands because desert dust haze often is transported great distances. SDS represent hazards to society in numerous ways, yet they do not feature prominently in the disasters literature. This paper considers SDS in a hazard context by examining their ramifications in economic, physical, and social terms, with a focus on agriculture, health, transport, utilities, households, and the commercial and manufacturing sector. There are few assessments of the economic consequences of SDS and those studies that have been conducted lack consistency in data collection methods and analysis. SDS do not result in the significant damage to infrastructure usually associated with many disasters, but the cumulative effects on society can be significant because SDS occur more commonly than most other types of natural hazard.
Never trust first impressions when assessing the heart of a pregnant woman
Authors: Bonanomi Carla , Gherbesi Elisa , Colli Anna Maria , Malanchini Giovanni , Lombardi Federico
Published: November 2018

We describe the echocardiographic finding of a 35‐year‐old pregnant woman, referred for a clinical consultation at our institution because of congestive heart failure. She underwent echocardiography with only little information about a history of cardiac surgery during infancy. At the first sight, parasternal long axis view demonstrates normal structures, but on the apical view we diagnosed a very rare condition with typical imaging findings: Criss Cross heart.
The effect of rearing history and aphid density on volatile‐mediated foraging behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae
Authors: Cascone Pasquale , Gols Rieta , Fatouros Nina E. , Ponzio Camille , Dicke Marcel , Guerrieri Emilio
Published: November 2018

1. Parasitoid females foraging for hosts rely on cues derived from the insect host, the host plant and/or their interaction, and all of these can be learned during the immature and adult stages.

2. The present study investigated the importance of rearing history on foraging behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae, an endoparasitoid often associated with aphids feeding on brassicaceous plant species.

3. Parasitoids were reared on one of the four possible combinations, comprising two brassicaceous host plant species, Brassica nigra or Raphanus sativus, and two aphid species Brevicoryne brassicae or Myzus persicae. These parasitoids were tested in a Y‐tube olfactometer and given the choice between volatiles emitted by an aphid‐infested plant (25 or 100 aphids per plant) and an uninfested control plant. The parasitoid's responses were compared when offered: (i) the same plant–aphid combination as the one on which it had been reared; (ii) the same host plant infested with the alternative aphid species; or (iii) an alternative plant with the alternative aphid species.

4. Aphid density did affect the behavioural responses to the various odour sources, but rearing history did not. Diaeretiella rapae only preferred aphid‐induced to non‐induced plant volatiles at low aphid infestation level, whereas they did not discriminate between volatiles at high aphid infestation level.

5. It is concluded that aphid‐induced volatiles of brassicaceous plants play an important role during host habitat location, but seem less important for parasitoids to locate the aphid host itself. The data are discussed in the light of manipulation of host plant defences by aphids.
The Influences of Aesthetic Life Experience and Expertise on Aesthetic Judgement and Emotion in Mundane Arts
Authors: Yeh Yu‐chu , Peng Yueh‐Yin
Published: November 2018

Aesthetics has been regarded as a fundamental personal value. Most of the previous studies regarding aesthetic experience (AE) have focused on fine arts, rather than the everyday arts that are closely related to our everyday life. This study analysed the relationships among aesthetic life experience, expertise and different types of AE outcomes (aesthetic judgement and emotion) inspired by everyday designed products. The participants in this study were 115 college students, and an E‐prime program that included 120 pictures of designed products were employed to measure aesthetic judgement (beautiful, ordinary, or ugly) and aesthetic emotion (fearful, disgusting, neutral, or pleasure). The results revealed three major phenomena. (1) Two major types of AE outcomes are perceiving beauty with positive emotion and perceiving ugliness with negative emotion. (2) Although there are similar patterns for how aesthetic life experience and expertise influence personal tastes regarding beauty and aesthetic emotion, abundant expertise in designed products contributes more in differentiating emotion when viewing the beautiful designed products. (3) The consensus of the evaluation of ugliness is stronger than when evaluating beauty. In addition, a model of AE with regard to everyday designed products was proposed. The findings of this study shed light on the cultivation of aesthetic abilities and product design that could be utilised in education.
Sodium intake and blood pressure in children with clinical conditions: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Rios‐Leyvraz Magali , Bloetzer Clemens , Chatelan Angeline , Bochud Murielle , Burnier Michel , Santschi Valérie , Paradis Gilles , Tabin René , Bovet Pascal , Chiolero Arnaud
Published: November 2018

Little is known on the effect of sodium intake on BP of children with clinical conditions. Our objective was therefore to review systematically studies that have assessed the association between sodium intake and BP in children with various clinical conditions. A systematic search of several databases was conducted and supplemented by a manual search of bibliographies and unpublished studies. Experimental and observational studies assessing the association between sodium intake and BP and involving children or adolescents between 0 and 18 years of age with any clinical condition were included. Out of the 6861 records identified, 51 full texts were reviewed, and 16 studies (10 experimental and 6 observational), involving overall 2902 children and adolescents, were included. Ten studies were conducted in children with elevated BP without identifiable cause, two in children with familial hypertension, one in children with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, one in children with chronic renal insufficiency, one in children with urolithiasis, and one in premature infants. A positive association between sodium intake and BP was found in all studies, except one. The meta‐analysis of six studies among children with elevated BP without identifiable cause revealed a difference of 6.3 mm Hg (95% CI 2.9‐9.6) and 3.5 mm Hg (95% CI 1.2‐5.7) in systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, for every additional gram of sodium intake per day. In conclusion, our results indicate that the BP response to salt is greater in children with clinical conditions, mainly hypertension, than in those without associated clinical conditions.
A questionnaire for assessment of the burden posed by sensitive skin – a step forward to provide solid ground for an important concept
Authors: Linder M.D.
Published: November 2018

Linked article: This is a commentary on L. Misery et al., pp. 2217–2223 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15186
Should we prioritize psychological interventions in the management of vitiligo?
Authors: Taïeb A. , Meurant J.‐M.
Published: November 2018

Linked article: This is a commentary on A. Ahmed et al., pp. 2275–2283 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15168
Effect of periodic health exam on provider management of preventive services
Authors: Hoang Phuong T. , Hodgkin Dominic , Thomas John P. , Ritter Grant , Chilingerian Jon
Published: November 2018

Rationale and objective

To evaluate the relationship between receipt of annual physicals and the receipt of provider recommendation for preventive services, during a period when Medicare did not cover annual physicals (before 2011).

Methods

Electronic medical records of patients aged 65 years and older from a US health care system were extracted for the 2001 to 2007 period. A fixed‐effects logistic model was used to assess the relationship between receipt of periodic health examination (PHE) and receipt of provider recommendation for mammogram screening for 6466 female Medicare beneficiaries. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between receipt of PHE and receipt of provider recommendation for colonoscopy screening and pneumococcal vaccination for 10 318 Medicare beneficiaries. Nine primary care providers from the network were also interviewed, selected by random sampling stratified by care model.

Results

Electronic medical record analyses suggest that patients with a PHE were more likely to obtain provider recommendations for mammogram screening (OR = 2.17, P < 0.0001), colonoscopy screening (OR = 1.54, P < 0.0001), and pneumococcal vaccination (OR = 1.10, P < 0.0001). Providers suggested that prevention care quality improves with the PHE because certain screening measures (eg, skin cancer screening, breast exam) would be neglected without it, and healthy patients could miss recommended preventive services entirely. Without the PHE, some providers reported having tried to incorporate discussions of preventive services by scheduling more frequent follow‐up chronic care visits than they would have otherwise, and some routinely charged Medicare for a more complex follow‐up visit than they would have charged without the preventive service discussions.

Conclusion

Periodic health examination is important in connecting patients to recommended preventive services. Provider interviews suggested that, indirectly, Medicare ended up paying for the PHE via greater frequency of follow‐up visits or higher visit charges from providers integrating the services with other visits.
Distribution of wild and stocked Japanese eels in the lower reaches of the Tone River catchment revealed by otolith stable‐isotope ratios
Authors: Itakura Hikaru , Arai Kohma , Kaifu Kenzo , Shirai Kotaro , Yoneta Akihito , Miyake Yoichi , Secor David H. , Kimura Shingo
Published: November 2018

The natural occurrence of Japanese eels Anguilla japonica in Japan's highly altered catchments is a critical measure of habitat restoration and ecosystem health, yet this metric may be obscured by the incidence of co‐occurring cultured eels. Distribution of wild and stocked A. japonica in the lower reaches of the Tone River cachment was investigated using otolith oxygen and carbon stable‐isotope ratios (δ18O and δ13C). We developed a discrimination model to classify wild and cultured eels for 560 individuals and applied it to eels captured in the lower reaches of the Tone River catchment. Wild eels were found at all study sites of this part of the catchment, indicating natural recruitment of the species occurred from the estuary to third‐order streams at least as far as Lake Imbanuma. The proportion of wild eels ranged from 86 to 100% at river and stream sites and was only 23% at upstream Lake Imbanuma sites. This difference probably depends on whether or not eels were released near the corresponding site. More than 50% of stocked eels occurred at sites proximate to release locations, indicating limited dispersal by cultured eels.
Potential diagnostic and prognostic value of serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in traumatic spinal cord injury: A systematic review
Authors: Yousefifard Mahmoud , Sarveazad Arash , Babahajian Asrin , Baikpour Masoud , Shokraneh Farhad , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Harrop James S. , Fehlings Michael G. , Hosseini Mostafa , Rahimi‐Movaghar Vafa
Published: November 2018

It remains unclear whether biomarkers in the serum or CSF can be used for diagnosis or prognosis of spinal cord injuries (SCI). Therefore, a systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the prognostic or diagnostic value of serum and CSF biomarkers in assessing the severity of SCI and the outcome of patients. Two independent reviewers summarized the human studies retrieved from the electronic databases of Medline, Embase, Scopus and ISI Web of Science until April 2018. Seventeen studies were included (1065 patients aged 16–94 years old). Although the findings of the included studies suggest that inflammatory and structural proteins may be useful in assessing the severity of SCI and prediction of neurological outcome, the level of evidence is generally low. Given limitations to the available evidence, further investigation in this field is required using large prospective data sets with rigorous analysis of sensitivity, specificity and prediction.

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