bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conjugate vaccines dramatically reshaped the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in a well‐defined child population
Authors: Ladomenou Fani , Tzanakaki Georgina , Kolyva Soultana , Katsarakis Ioannis , Maraki Sofia , Galanakis Emmanouil
Published: July 2019

Aim

We explored the impact of vaccination on bacterial meningitis in a well‐defined population of children on the island of Crete, Greece, over a 27‐y period.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study of all mandatory notifications of bacterial meningitis in patients aged 1 mo‐14 y from 1991 to 2017.

Results

There were 245 patients with proven (n = 227) or suspected (n = 18) bacterial meningitis, and eight deaths were recorded, giving a case fatality rate of 3.3%. The mean annual incidence rate (IR) per 100 000 children was 4.9 for Neisseria meningitidis, 2.2 for Streptococcus pneumoniae and 0.4 for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Cases of meningitis C dropped significantly after the conjugate meningitis C vaccine was licensed for routine vaccination in Greece in 2000 (IR of 1.5 vs 0.3, P < 0.028) while the Streptococcus pneumoniae cases showed a threefold decrease after the PCV13 vaccine was licensed in Greece in 2009 (IR 2.7 vs 1.0, P < 0.03). Vaccination had already eliminated Hib in Greece in the 1990s.

Conclusion

Bacterial meningitis cases decreased in children following the introduction of the meningitis C and PCV13 vaccines in Greece. Hib had already disappeared and significant reductions in meningitis C and Streptococcus pneumoniae were observed.
Roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in regulating skeletal muscle development
Authors: Chen Rui , Lei Si , Jiang Ting , Zeng Jie , Zhou Shanyao , She Yanling
Published: July 2019

The multistep biological process of myogenesis is regulated by a variety of myoblast regulators, such as myogenic differentiation antigen, myogenin, myogenic regulatory factor, myocyte enhancer factor2A‐D and myosin heavy chain. Proliferation and differentiation during skeletal muscle myogenesis contribute to the physiological function of muscles. Certain non‐coding RNAs, including long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are involved in the regulation of muscle development, and the aberrant expressions of lncRNAs and circRNAs are associated with muscular diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances concerning the roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in regulating the developmental aspects of myogenesis. These findings have remarkably broadened our understanding of the gene regulation mechanisms governing muscle proliferation and differentiation, which makes it more feasible to design novel preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for muscle disorders.
Communicating biosecurity information to Australian‐registered veterinarians
Authors: McDonald IJ , McKinnon M
Published: July 2019

Objective

Updating veterinarians (vets) on the latest biosecurity resources, information and alerts is important to ensure protection of domesticated and native animals. This preliminary questionnaire aimed to better understand the communication preferences of Australian‐registered vets for biosecurity information, and their trust of these sources.

Methods

An online questionnaire asking vets about their current communication preferences for biosecurity information, and their level of trust of these was created and distributed to Australian‐registered vets.

Results

Survey respondents (158) use and highly trust communication from (in order) vet and animal health organisations, vet surgeons' boards, the scientific literature, and government agencies.

Conclusions

This preliminary study identifies that using vet surgeon's boards, government agencies and vet and animal health organisations may be an effective means for communicating biosecurity information to vets. Future research should consider which sources vets trust and why, to facilitate effective communication to them and the clients they serve.
The impact of depression and culture on responses to intrusive autobiographical memories: Cognitive appraisals, cognitive avoidance, and brooding rumination
Authors: Mihailova Stella , Jobson Laura
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Those with depression ascribe more negative appraisals to intrusive autobiographical memories and use maladaptive strategies to regulate intrusive memory distress. However, it is unknown whether these patterns extend to East Asian samples. This study investigated the influence of culture and depression on intrusive remembering.

Design

The study used a 2 (group: European Australian, East Asian) × 2 (depression: depressed, control) cross‐sectional design, with an online intrusive memory diary.

Methods

European Australian (n = 46) and East Asian (n = 45) participants living in Australia, with and without depression, reported two intrusive memories in real‐time and completed self‐report measures indexing their appraisals of the memories, and their use of cognitive avoidance and brooding rumination in response to the memories.

Results

East Asian participants reported significantly greater negative, control, and responsibility appraisals than European Australian participants. Regardless of cultural group, depressed participants endorsed greater maladaptive memory appraisals and brooding compared to controls. Additionally, among East Asian participants, those with depression cognitively avoided memories significantly more than controls. When comparing the two depressed groups, East Asians reported significantly greater brooding and avoidance in response to intrusive memories than Australians.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that depression may be associated with some similar maladaptive responses to intrusive autobiographical memories across cultural groups. Clinical interventions targeting unhelpful responses may, therefore, be beneficial for those with depression, regardless of cultural background.

Practitioner points

Across both European Australian and East Asian cultures, depressed participants endorsed higher maladaptive intrusive memory appraisals and brooded more in response to memories.

Clinical interventions targeting appraisals and emotion regulation in response to intrusive memories may be beneficial for those with depression across both cultural groups.

Language and acculturation may have impacted findings, as measures were administered in English and in Australia.

Replication using a cross‐country design and larger sample would be beneficial to confirm findings.
Molecular pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Crassini Kyle , Stevenson William S. , Mulligan Stephen P. , Best O. Giles
Published: July 2019

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by the clonal expansion of mature, CD5 positive, B lymphocytes in the blood, marrow, lymph nodes and spleen. For the majority of patients, CLL follows an indolent clinical course, while a proportion of patients experience rapid disease progression. Despite the strong correlation between certain genetic defects and prognosis, there remains no single unifying pathogenic lesion in CLL. With recent advances in therapy it is increasingly important to stratify CLL patients according to risk. This has been highlighted by two recent studies, the first showing that immunoglobulin heavy chain mutational status predicts a durable response to frontline chemoimmunotherapy and the second showing that complex karyotype is a stronger predictor of poor response to ibrutinib and venetoclax therapy than TP53 deletion. In this review we discuss the molecular features of CLL and how technological advances can identify patient subsets and stratify them according to risk.
Challenges and opportunities in the assessment of measurable residual disease in multiple myeloma
Authors: Bal Susan , Weaver Allison , Cornell Robert F. , Costa Luciano J.
Published: July 2019

Treatment response assessment in multiple myeloma (MM) relies on the detection of paraprotein in serum and/or urine, bone marrow morphology and immunohistochemistry. With remarkable advances in therapy, particularly in the newly diagnosed setting, achievement of complete remission became frequent, creating the need to identify smaller amounts of residual disease and understand their prognostic and therapeutic implications. Measurable residual disease (MRD) can be assessed primarily by flow cytometry and next generation sequencing and state‐of‐the‐art assays have sensitivity approaching 1 in 106 cells. This review discusses the existing challenges in utilizing MRD to inform management of MM and highlights open research questions and opportunities as MRD is more routinely incorporated into clinical practice for patients with MM.
Robot‐assisted implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter, the AMS‐800, via a posterior approach to the bladder neck in women with intrinsic sphincter deficiency
Authors: Gondran‐Tellier Bastien , Boissier Romain , Baboudjian Michael , Rouy Mathieu , Gaillet Sarah , Lechevallier Eric , Michel Floriane , Karsenty Gilles
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To describe a new technique for robot‐assisted AMS‐800 artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) bladder neck implantation in women.

Patients and Methods

We reviewed the medical files of patients who underwent robot‐assisted AUS implantation between March 2017 and November 2018 at our centre. All of the implantations were performed using a posterior approach to the bladder neck in order to avoid blind dissection and the risk of vaginal and/or bladder injury. This strategy was viewed as an alternative to the anterior robot‐assisted implantation recently described. The AUSs were activated 5 weeks after implantation. Patients were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months, then annually.

Results

Eight patients, with a median age of 64 years, underwent robot‐assisted AUS implantation via a posterior approach to the bladder neck. The median preoperative pad weight was 300 g/24 h. The median operating time was 244 min. No peri‐operative vaginal and or bladder injuries were observed. At a median of 12 months of follow‐up, all the AUSs were functional. Five patients required no protection (62.5%), three had day protection (37.5%), and all said they were satisfied except for one patient (12.5%) who requested treatment for persistent urge incontinence.

Conclusion

Robot‐assisted AUS implantation in women via a posterior approach to the bladder neck is a procedure that is simple, reproducible and safe. The short‐term functional results are satisfactory and comparable to those obtained via an open approach. A more long‐term comparison of the efficacy and longevity of AUSs implanted using this posterior approach is needed to confirm its benefit compared with the anterior robot‐assisted approach and the classic open technique.
Parental Age and Offspring Childhood Mental Health: A Multi‐Cohort, Population‐Based Investigation
Authors: Zondervan‐Zwijnenburg Maria A.J. , Veldkamp Sabine A.M. , Neumann Alexander , Barzeva Stefania A. , Nelemans Stefanie A. , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E.M. , Branje Susan J.T. , Hillegers Manon H.J. , Meeus Wim H.J. , Tiemeier Henning , Hoijtink Herbert J.A. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: July 2019

To examine the contributions of maternal and paternal age on offspring externalizing and internalizing problems, this study analyzed problem behaviors at age 10–12 years from four Dutch population‐based cohorts (N = 32,892) by a multiple informant design. Bayesian evidence synthesis was used to combine results across cohorts with 50% of the data analyzed for discovery and 50% for confirmation. There was evidence of a robust negative linear relation between parental age and externalizing problems as reported by parents. In teacher‐reports, this relation was largely explained by parental socio‐economic status. Parental age had limited to no association with internalizing problems. Thus, in this large population‐based study, either a beneficial or no effect of advanced parenthood on child problem behavior was observed.
Syngeneic red blood cell–induced extracellular vesicles suppress delayed‐type hypersensitivity to self‐antigens in mice
Authors: Nazimek Katarzyna , Bustos‐Morán Eugenio , Blas‐Rus Noelia , Nowak Bernadeta , Ptak Włodzimierz , Askenase Philip W. , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco , Bryniarski Krzysztof
Published: July 2019

Background

At present, the role of autologous cells as antigen carriers inducing immune tolerance is appreciated. Accordingly, intravenous administration of haptenated syngeneic mouse red blood cells (sMRBC) leads to hapten‐specific suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice, mediated by light chain‐coated extracellular vesicles (EVs). Subsequent studies suggested that mice intravenously administered with sMRBC alone may also generate regulatory EVs, revealing the possible self‐tolerogenic potential of autologous erythrocytes.

Objectives

The current study investigated the immune effects induced by mere intravenous administration of a high dose of sMRBC in mice.

Methods

The self‐tolerogenic potential of EVs was determined in a newly developed mouse model of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sMRBC. The effects of EV's action on DTH effector cells were evaluated cytometrically. The suppressive activity of EVs, after coating with anti‐hapten antibody light chains, was assessed in hapten‐induced CHS in wild‐type or miRNA‐150−/− mice.

Results

Intravenous administration of sMRBC led to the generation of CD9 + CD81+ EVs that suppressed sMRBC‐induced DTH in a miRNA‐150‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the treatment of DTH effector cells with sMRBC‐induced EVs decreased the activation of T cells but enhanced their apoptosis. Finally, EVs coated with antibody light chains inhibited hapten‐induced CHS.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

The current study describes a newly discovered mechanism of self‐tolerance induced by the intravenous delivery of a high dose of sMRBC that is mediated by EVs in a miRNA‐150‐dependent manner. This mechanism implies the concept of naturally occurring immune tolerance, presumably activated by overloading of the organism with altered self‐antigens.
Children’s Agency in the Modern Primary Classroom
Authors: Kirby Perpetua
Published: July 2019

This paper examines where and how children achieve agency in the primary classroom, drawing on a multimodal ethnography of the Year One classroom. It utilises a relational conceptualisation of agency, where children act purposively to achieve outcomes of educational relevance. It demonstrates that children achieve agency performing ‘good’ and ‘clever’ child subject positions, helping to make classroom life more liveable, although this form of agency is limited when dealing with unexpected challenges. Children also deviate, finding moments to pursue desires and ways of knowing not provided for within the classroom, insinuating a political critique of the current education system.
Estimating non‐native plant richness with a species‐accumulation model along roads
Authors: Liao Huixuan , Wang Huijie , Dong Qiaohong , Cheng Feihong , Zhou Ting , Peng Shaolin
Published: July 2019

Monitoring non‐native plant richness is important for biodiversity conservation and scientific research. The species‐area model (SA model) has been used frequently to estimate the total species richness within a region. However, the conventional SA model may not provide robust estimations of non‐native plant richness because the ecological processes associated with the accumulation of exotic and native plants may differ. Because roads strongly dictate the distributions of exotic plants, we propose a species‐accumulation model along roads (SR model), rather than an SA model, to estimate the non‐native plant richness within a region. Using 270 simulated data sets, we compared the differences in performance between the SR and SA models. A decision tree based on prediction accuracy was created to guide model application, which was validated using field data from 3 national nature reserves in 3 different provinces in China. The SR model significantly outperformed the SA model when non‐native species were restricted to the roadsides and the proportion of uncommon exotic species was small. More importantly, the SR model accurately estimated the non‐native plant richness in all field sites with an error of <1 species per site. We believe our new model meets the practical need to efficiently and robustly estimate non‐native plant richness, which may facilitate effective biodiversity conservations and promote research on non‐native plant invasion and vegetation dynamics.
How Polysemy Affects Concreteness Ratings: The Case of Metaphor
Authors: Reijnierse W. Gudrun , Burgers Christian , Bolognesi Marianna , Krennmayr Tina
Published: July 2019

Concreteness ratings are frequently used in a variety of disciplines to operationalize differences between concrete and abstract words and concepts. However, most ratings studies present items in isolation, thereby overlooking the potential polysemy of words. Consequently, ratings for polysemous words may be conflated, causing a threat to the validity of concreteness‐ratings studies. This is particularly relevant to metaphorical words, which typically describe something abstract in terms of something more concrete. To investigate whether perceived concreteness ratings differ for metaphorical versus non‐metaphorical word meanings, we obtained concreteness ratings for 96 English nouns from 230 participants. Results show that nouns are perceived as less concrete when a metaphorical (versus non‐metaphorical) meaning is triggered. We thus recommend taking metaphoricity into account in future concreteness‐ratings studies to further improve the quality and reliability of such studies, as well as the consistency of the empirical studies that rely on these ratings.
Randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of everolimus and low‐exposure tacrolimus on graft outcomes in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Taber David J. , Chokkalingam Avudaiappan , Su Zemin , Self Sally , Miller Dylan , Srinivas Titte
Published: July 2019

This was a single‐center, randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a 3‐month (10‐16 weeks) conversion to everolimus with low‐exposure tacrolimus, as compared to remaining on full exposure tacrolimus with mycophenolate (NCT 02096107). Adult kidney transplant recipients with a functioning graft were eligible for participation. Goal troughs in the intervention arm were 2‐5 ng/mL for tacrolimus and 3‐8 ng/mL for everolimus, with tacrolimus maintained at 5‐12 ng/mL in the control arm; 60 were randomized (30 in each arm) and were well matched at baseline; mean age was 51 years and 57% were African‐American. At 12‐months, fibrosis scores (27.8% tacrolimus/mycophenolate vs 22.9% tacrolimus/everolimus, P = .391), acute rejection rates (7% tacrolimus/mycophenolate vs 3% tacrolimus/everolimus, P = .554), and graft function (mean eGFR tacrolimus/mycophenolate 56 ± 15 vs tacrolimus/everolimus 59 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = .465) were similar between arms. The everolimus arm had significantly lower rates of CMV infection, severe BK infection, and improved BK viral clearance kinetics, as compared to the MPA arm. In this population, including a significant number of African‐Americans, an immunosuppression regimen of everolimus with low‐exposure tacrolimus provided similar efficacy to tacrolimus and mycophenolate, with significantly lower rates of BK and CMV.
Continuous Monitoring Using a Wearable Device Detects Activity‐Induced Heart Rate Changes After Administration of Amphetamine
Authors: Izmailova Elena S. , McLean Ian L. , Hather Greg , Merberg David , Homsy Jason , Cantor Matthew , Volfson Dmitri , Bhatia Gaurav , Perakslis Eric D. , Benko Christopher , Wagner John A.
Published: July 2019

Wearable digital devices offer potential advantages over traditional methods for the collection of health‐related information, including continuous collection of dense data while study subjects are ambulatory or in remote settings. We assessed the utility of collecting continuous actigraphy and cardiac monitoring by deploying two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k)‐cleared devices in a phase I clinical trial of a novel compound, which included the use of an amphetamine challenge. The Phillips Actiwatch Spectrum Pro (Actiwatch) was used to assess mobility and sleep. The Preventice BodyGuardian (BodyGuardian) was used for monitoring heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), via single‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, together with physical activity. We measured data collection rates, compared device readouts with conventional measures, and monitored changes in HR measures during the amphetamine challenge. Completeness of data collection was good for the Actiwatch (96%) and lower for the BodyGuardian (80%). A good correlation was observed between device and in‐clinic measures for HR (r = 0.99; P < 0.001), but was poor for RR (r = 0.39; P = 0.004). Manual reviews of selected ECG strips corresponding to HR measures below, within, and above the normal range were consistent with BodyGuardian measurements. The BodyGuardian device detected clear HR responses after amphetamine administration while subjects were physically active, whereas conventional measures collected at predefined timepoints while subjects were resting and supine did not. Wearable digital technology shows promise for monitoring human subjects for physiologic changes and pharmacologic responses, although fit‐for‐purpose evaluation and validation continues to be important prior to the wider deployment of these devices.
Cultural Factors and Study Destinations of International Students
Authors: Wei Hao , Yuan Ran , Zhao Laixun
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we examine the role of cultural factors in attracting international students using data of 102 countries and regions from 2000 to 2015. Our results show that the export of cultural products is conducive to the increase in international students. International students choose to study in developing countries with an official language and religious beliefs that are different from their home country, but tend to choose developed countries with a common language. We also analyze the features of inbound and outbound international students specific to China. Our study indicates that “soft power,” such as a unique culture, common values and migration networks, is important for attracting foreign students.
Fixed versus flexible combination of GLP‐1 receptor agonists with basal insulin in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective multicentre comparative effectiveness study
Authors: Morieri Mario Luca , Rigato Mauro , Frison Vera , Simioni Natalino , D'Ambrosio Michele , Tadiotto Federica , Paccagnella Agostino , Lapolla Annunziata , Avogaro Angelo , Fadini Gian Paolo
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims

The combination of basal insulin (BI) and GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) is a rational and effective therapy for patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D). We compared the effectiveness of fixed and flexible BI/GLP‐1RA combinations using routinely accumulated clinical data.

Methods

This was a retrospective, multicentre, real‐world study concerning T2D patients initiating a fixed or flexible BI/GLP‐1RA combination (NCT03959865). The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c. Secondary endpoints were changes in body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Confounding was addressed by propensity score matching (PSM) or multivariable adjustment (MVA).

Results

A total of 609 patients were included in the study, 131 in the fixed group and 478 in the flexible group. The two groups differed in terms of diabetes duration, body weight and concomitant medications. After 5.7 months, observed HbA1c reductions were 0.6% and 0.8%, and body weight reductions were 2.8 kg and 1.2 kg in the flexible and fixed groups, respectively. Following PSM, HbA1c declined similarly in the two groups, whereas reduction in body weight was significantly in favour of the flexible combination. Findings were robust in sensitivity analyses, with the exception that, with MVA, a significantly higher reduction in HbA1c was detected in the fixed group. Final doses of BI were higher in the fixed group, whereas those of GLP‐1RA were higher in the flexible group.

Conclusions

In routine specialist care, initiation of the fixed or flexible BI/GLP‐1RA combination allowed similar improvement in glycaemic control, but greater weight loss was observed with the flexible combination. This difference reflected dosages of BI and GLP‐1RAs.
Conservative management of iatrogenic bladder rupture and uroperitoneum in a gelding with urolithiasis
Authors: Gosling L. , Anderson J. , Rendle D.
Published: July 2019

This report details a case of iatrogenic bladder rupture in a gelding that was successfully treated with conservative management. Rupture occurred at the time of attempted cystoscopy, whilst the bladder was being insufflated with air for further investigation of stranguria and suspected urolithiasis. The gelding was treated with temporary perineal urethrostomy, peritoneal lavage and drainage of urine from the bladder and made a complete recovery.
SRC fine‐tunes ADAM10 shedding activity to promote pituitary adenoma cell progression
Authors: Huang Jinxiang , Pan Yuan , Hu Guohan , Sun Wei , Jiang Lei , Wang Peng , Ding Xuehua
Published: July 2019

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloproteinase known to modulate the progression of several types of tumor. However, the role played by ADAM10 in pituitary adenomas is currently unknown, and what factors orchestrate the activation of ADAM10 in this kind of tumor is also unclear. Here, we found that SRC kinase is an ADAM10‐interacting partner and that SRC kinase activity is required for this interaction. As a new positive regulator promoting the shedding activity of ADAM10, SRC could compete with calmodulin 1 (CALM1) for ADAM10 binding in a mutually exclusive manner. Strikingly, the interaction between ADAM10 and CALM1 is regulated by SRC activity. Furthermore, we proved that the cytoplasmic region of ADAM10 is required for the shedding activity of ADAM10 upon SRC activation. As a proof‐of‐concept, we discovered that the combination of ADAM10 and SRC inhibitors can inhibit cell proliferation and migration to a great extent. Thus, our findings shed light on a novel therapeutic strategy to block the tumorigenesis and migration of pituitary adenoma.
Countermeasures against viral hepatitis B and C in Japan: An epidemiological point of view
Authors: Tanaka Junko , Akita Tomoyuki , Ko Ko , Miura Yoshihiko , Satake Masahiro ,   Epidemiological Research Group on Viral Hepatitis and its Long ‐term Course, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
Published: July 2019

Although the mortality rate due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been gradually decreasing in Japan, approximately 30 000 people died of HCC in 2016. In 2007, the dominant etiology was persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, which accounted for 65% of total HCC deaths, and 15% of cases were due to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In managing chronic HBV and HCV infection, it is critically important to know the exact number of infected individuals in a particular country, which then assists in evaluating medical and financial needs in the foreseeable future. Therefore, from an epidemiological perspective, we estimated the numbers of HBV and HCV carriers in four categories: (i) undiagnosed carriers; (ii) carriers who were already hospitalized as patients or were receiving outpatient medical attention; (iii) diagnosed carriers who had not consulted any medical facility, or had discontinued consultation; and (iv) newly infected carriers. From these estimates we determined the current HBV and HCV burden and then reviewed the existing countermeasures for their prevention and control in Japan. While continuing the surveillance on the dynamics of hepatitis virus infections linked with preventive measures against hepatitis virus infection, it is crucially important to promote appropriate measures for each of the four groups of hepatitis virus carriers in society.
End‐of‐life nursing care practice in long‐term care settings for older adults: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Nasu Katsumi , Konno Rie , Fukahori Hiroki
Published: July 2019

Aim

To synthesize qualitative evidence on nurses' end‐of‐life care practices in long‐term care settings for older adults.

Background

Qualitative evidence on how nurses describe their own end‐of‐life care practice has not been reviewed systematically.

Design

Qualitative systematic review.

Data Sources

Databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Mednar, Google Scholar, and Ichushi were searched for published and unpublished studies in English or Japanese.

Methods

The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute approach to qualitative systematic reviews. Each study was assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality. The qualitative findings were pooled to produce categories and synthesized through meta‐aggregation.

Results

Twenty studies met all inclusion criteria. Their 137 findings were grouped into 10 categories and then aggregated into three synthesized findings: playing multidimensional roles to help residents die with dignity, needing resources and support for professional commitment, and feeling mismatch between responsibilities and power, affecting multidisciplinary teamwork.

Conclusion

Nurses play multidimensional roles as the health care professionals most versed in residents' complex needs. Managers and policymakers should empower nurses to resolve the mismatch and help nurses obtain needed resources for end‐of‐life care that ensures residents die with dignity.
Current status and future perspective of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Fujimura Tetsuya
Published: July 2019

The current status of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy was reviewed 16 years after the initial robot‐assisted radical cystectomy for the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Articles associated with robot‐assisted radical cystectomy and written in English were selected from the PubMed database from January 2003 to February 2019. The present review article focused on the distribution of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy, patient selection, preoperative management, surgical technique, lymph node dissection, urinary diversion, recurrence pattern, oncological outcomes, cost, learning curve, complications and educational programs. A total of 400 articles were divided according to the country of the first author's affiliation. The USA was the most dominant at 198 (50%), whereas the number of articles from the countries belonging to the Urological Association of Asia was 15 (3.8%) for China, 17 (4.3%) for South Korea, 10 (2.5%) for Japan, eight (2%) for Taiwan, eight (2%) for Turkey and one (0.2%) for Iran. The percentage of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy carried out is increasing, and intracorporeal urinary diversion and ileal neobladder are also frequently carried out. With a refined technique being performed in high‐volume centers, robot‐assisted radical cystectomy has contributed to the reduction in transfusion rate, length of stay and severe complications; however, it has not yet shown any cancer‐specific survival benefits. Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy is not fully spread throughout the Urological Association of Asia. Further investigation with respect to worldwide results is needed to prove the real benefit of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy regarding low morbidity, reduced total medical cost, and survival benefit. In the era of precision medicine, appropriate drug and surgery will be given based on each genetic profile.
A new method for solid‐state diffusion of boron atoms into powders of a multicomponent carbide
Authors: Zeng Yi , Lun Huilin , Xiong Xiang , Ye Ziming , Qian Tianxiao , Sun Wei , Wang Yalei , Chen Zhaoke
Published: July 2019

Multicomponent boron‐containing carbide (ie, Zr‐Ti‐C‐B) composites show good ablation resistance. The present work is the first report to introduce the powder fabrication of Zr‐Ti‐C‐B using a new method for solid‐state diffusion of boron atoms. First, the nonstoichiometric carbide (ie, Zr0.8Ti0.2C0.8) with carbon vacancies was fabricated by free‐pressureless spark plasma sintering. Different boron sources such as B2O3, B, and B4C were used to react with the nonstoichiometric carbide. The Zr0.81Ti0.19C0.86B0.14 can be finally generated through the solid‐state diffusion of boron atoms using the B2O3 boron source at 1300°C followed by carbon thermal reduction using the phenolic resins at 1600°C.
The Nurse–Family Partnership in Colorado: Supporting High‐Quality Programming With Implementation Science
Authors: Neal Michelle , Fixsen Amanda
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to describe how the Nurse–Family Partnership (NFP) has been scaled up and supported in Colorado. As an intermediary, Invest in Kids (IIK) provides implementation support for the NFP in Colorado using a generalizable implementation framework, the Active Implementation Frameworks (AIF).

Organizing Construct

An overlay of the AIF and the clinical nursing‐informed implementation support that IIK offers to NFP providers across Colorado is explored, and relevant examples are highlighted.

Conclusions

Without the use of the AIF in combination with clinical nursing expertise to support high fidelity use of the NFP throughout Colorado, promised NFP program outcomes may likely not be realized and sustained.

Clinical Relevance

Further understanding of how to utilize implementation frameworks to support evidence‐based clinical nursing programs and interventions may allow for results found in research studies to be more widely attained and maintained across practice settings.
A Japanese nationwide survey on the cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes and ovarian tissue for cancer patients
Authors: Sanada Yuko , Harada Miyuki , Kunitomi Chisato , Kanatani Mayuko , Izumi Gentaro , Hirata Tetsuya , Fujii Tomoyuki , Suzuki Nao , Morishige Ken‐ichirou , Aoki Daisuke , Irahara Minoru , Tsugawa Koichiro , Tanimoto Mitsune , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Hosoi Hajime , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Kawai Akira , Osuga Yutaka
Published: July 2019

Aim

The survival rates of cancer patients have greatly improved owing to the advances in oncology. The preservation of fertility in cancer patients is an important task. To determine the reality of cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes and ovarian tissue in cancer patients, large‐scale survey analysis was performed in Japan.

Methods

We sent 613 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology‐certified assisted reproductive technology institutions a questionnaire about their experience of performing cryopreservation for cancer patients between January 2011 and December 2015. Subsequently, the institutions that conducted cryopreservation for cancer patients were sent a second questionnaire.

Results

We received replies from 481 (78.5%) institutions. Among them, 126 (26.2%) conducted cryopreservation for cancer patients. These 126 institutions were sent a second questionnaire. Of these, 108 (85.7%) institutions responded. At the 108 institutions, 1085 embryo or oocyte cryopreservation procedures and 122 ovarian tissue cryopreservation procedures were conducted for cancer patients. Cryopreservation was mainly performed for breast cancer patients (~70%), followed by patients with hematological malignancy. A total of 361 and 19 embryo transfer cycles were performed for patients whose embryos and oocytes were cryopreserved, respectively, and 42 and seven institutions reported pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer in patients that underwent embryo and oocyte cryopreservation, respectively. However, pregnancy was not observed in the seven cases that underwent ovarian tissue transfer.

Conclusion

Indications, age limits and ovarian stimulation protocols for cryopreservation widely varied between the institutions. A national registration system for oncofertility must be established to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the current system.
Congenital lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva
Authors: Vatopoulou Anastasia , Anagnostopoulos Antonios , Sujeewa Fernando
Published: July 2019

Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare benign disorder of unknown etiology affecting lymph vessels in the deep dermal and subcutaneous layers. The commonest sites of presentation are the axilla, shoulders, groins, tongue and oral cavity. Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva is very rare can be either congenital or secondary to lymphadenectomy or pelvic radiation in patients with genital cancer, genital tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, cellulitis, morbid obesity and immobilization. We report the case of congenital lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva in an adolescent with congenital lymphedema of the leg.
Reliability of smartphone‐based radiographic interpretation for evaluating cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in dogs
Authors: Jojima F. S. , Sousa M. G. , Froes T. R.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To compare the accuracy of radiological diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in dogs using two viewing platforms.

Material and Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional study including cases admitted between January 2012 and December 2016. Thoracic radiographs from 121 dogs with and without cardiogenic pulmonary oedema were included. The study was divided into two phases, and images were interpreted by two observers: a radiologist (R1) and a cardiologist (R2). In the first phase, images were sent in JPEG format for interpretation using a smartphone. In the second phase, DICOM images were interpreted at the standard workstation using a DICOM viewer. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate the accuracy of each method of radiological evaluation, and Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between the evaluations performed by R1 and R2.

Results

The accuracy of R1 in diagnosing pulmonary oedema was 94.1% (95% confidence interval: 88.3 to 97.5) for DICOM images and 90.7% (95% confidence interval: 84.1 to 95.1) for JPEG/smartphone. The accuracy of R2 was 89.5% (95% confidence interval: 82.6 to 94.4) for DICOM images and 90.6% (95% confidence interval: 83.9 to 95.2) for JPEG/smartphone. There was no statistically significant difference between these evaluation methods. The correlation coefficient for R1 and R2 was 0.815 and 0.761, respectively.

Clinical Significance

Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema may be reliably diagnosed on thoracic radiographs viewed on a smartphone by a specialist, which may expedite treatment.
Platelet count increases after viral elimination in chronic HCV, independent of the presence or absence of cirrhosis
Authors: Sayyar Mubarak , Saidi Marie , Zapatka Susan , Deng Yanhong , Ciarleglio Maria , Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe
Published: July 2019

Platelet (PLT) count is included in non‐invasive scores assessing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Improvement in fibrosis scores after antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been interpreted as indicative of an improvement in fibrosis. HCV itself can lower PLT and, therefore, an increase in PLT would be expected after viral elimination irrespective of pretreatment fibrosis stage. The aim of this study was to investigate this hypothesis by assessing changes in PLT after viral elimination in patients with chronic HCV stratified by the absence or presence of cirrhosis.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients with chronic HCV infection treated with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) who achieved viral elimination and in whom PLT were obtained prior to treatment, at first negative HCV‐RNA, at treatment completion and at 6 months, and 1 year after treatment completion. Comparisons were made between patients with and without cirrhosis.

Results

A total of 420 patients with chronic HCV were treated, of which 208 were excluded, leaving 212 patients eligible for analysis (142 without cirrhosis, 70 with cirrhosis). Overall, a significant increase in PLT was observed up to 1 year after antiviral treatment completion (P < .001). Changes in PLT between patients with and without cirrhosis were not significantly different at any of the time points.

Conclusion

Platelet count increased significantly in patients with HCV who achieved viral elimination irrespective of the absence or presence of cirrhosis. This suggests that changes in PLT post‐viral elimination should not be interpreted as being reflective of changes in liver fibrosis or portal hypertension.
A network traffic assignment model for autonomous vehicles with parking choices
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Liu Wei , Waller S. Travis
Published: July 2019

This article is the first in the literature to investigate the network traffic equilibrium for traveling and parking with autonomous vehicles (AVs) under a fully automated traffic environment. Given that AVs can drop off the travelers at their destinations and then drive to the parking spaces by themselves, we introduce the joint equilibrium of AV route choice and parking location choice, and develop a variational inequality (VI)‐based formulation for the proposed equilibrium. We prove the equivalence between the proposed VI model and the defined equilibrium conditions. We also show that the link flow solution at equilibrium is unique, even though both the route choices and parking choices are endogenous when human‐occupied AV trips (from origin to destination) and empty AV trips (from destination to parking) are interacting with each other on the same network. We then develop a solution methodology based on the parking‐route choice structure, where we adjust parking choices in the upper level and route choices in the lower level. Numerical analysis is conducted to explore insights from the introduced modeling framework for AV network equilibrium. The results reveal the significant difference in network equilibrium flows between the AV and non‐AV situations. The results also indicate the sensitivity of the AV traffic pattern to different factors, such as value of time, parking pricing, and supply. The proposed approach provides a critical modeling device for studying the traffic equilibrium under AV behavior patterns, which can be used for the assessment of parking policies and infrastructure development in the future era of AVs.
Saprochaete clavata infections in patients undergoing treatment for haematological malignancies: A report of a monocentric outbreak and review of the literature
Authors: Stanzani Marta , Cricca Monica , Sassi Claudia , Sutto Emanuele , De Cicco Gabriella , Bonifazi Francesca , Bertuzzi Clara , Bacci Francesco , Paolini Stefania , Cavo Michele , Lewis Russell E.
Published: July 2019

Saprochaete clavata is a rare cause of fungaemia with deep organ involvement in patients with haematological malignancies with reported mortality rates of 60%‐80%. We describe four cases of S clavata infection in a haematology unit over several months that were treated with voriconazole‐based regimens. We also review the literature on factors that could contribute to earlier recognition and effective treatment of S clavata. We included all cases of culture‐positive S clavata from sterile sites with associated signs of infection in patients undergoing treatment for a haematological malignancy. Isolates were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS, and spectrum profiles were used to prepare clustering analysis of isolates. Susceptibility testing was performed using a commercial microtitre methods. Saprochaete clavata was isolated from the bloodstream in three cases and bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in one case. Clustering analysis suggested strains of S clavata were clonal without evidence of divergence although a common source was not identified. Susceptibility testing yielded elevated MICs to fluconazole (8 mg/L) and echinocandins (>1‐8 mg/L). All patients were treated with voriconazole‐based regimens resulting in survival of 3/4 patients, who continued chemotherapy for their underlying malignancy without evidence of relapse. Saprochaete clavata is a rare but aggressive cause of breakthrough yeast infection in patients undergoing treatment for haematological malignancies, particularly patients with a prior history of echinocandin treatment. Timely initiation of appropriate treatment, aided by more rapid identification in microbiology laboratory, can reduce the risk of deep organ dissemination and patient death.
Part 2: Moral motivation and moral cultivation inMencius—When one burst of anger brings peace to the world
Authors: Hu Jing Iris
Published: July 2019

As a 4th century BCE Confucian text,Menciusprovides a rich reflection on moral emotions, such as empathy and compassion, and moral cultivation, which has drawn attention from scholars around the world. This two‐part discussion dwells on the idea of natural moral motivation expressed through the analogy of the four sprouts—particularly the sprout ofceyin zhixin(the heart of feelings others' distress)—as the starting point, the focus, and the drive of moral cultivation. In Part 1, I presented an integrated view of the sprouts as including cognitive, affective, and motivational aspects. In Part 2, I discuss the cultivation and application of natural moral motivation. I illustrate how the sprouts inform moral deliberation and drive moral cultivation, while also being its subject. I also demonstrate how emotional responses are managed and regulated according to the sprouts and discuss why moral cultivation is sometimes unsuccessful.
The folk concept of lying
Authors: Wiegmann Alex , Meibauer Jörg
Published: July 2019

Lying is a familiar and important concept for virtually all of us, and philosophers have written a lot about what it means to lie. Although it is commonly accepted that an adequate definition of lying captures people's use and understanding of this concept, there have been surprisingly few empirical studies on it. n recent years, however, there is a trend emerging to remedy this lacuna. In this paper, we provide an overview of these studies. Starting from a widely accepted philosophical definition of lying, we focus on the following three questions: Is an intention to deceive required for lying? Is it possible to lie despite saying something true? Can you lie by falsely implicating?
Illness beliefs among people living with treated coeliac disease
Authors: Ring Jacobsson Lisa , Johansson Stark Åsa , Eckerblad Jeanette
Published: July 2019

Background

Evidence suggests that many people with coeliac disease (CD) suffer from continuing illness despite following a strict gluten‐free diet. Beliefs affect how people experience and manage their residual symptoms. Illness beliefs therefore provide a useful framework for understanding these problems.

Aim

To explore illness beliefs among people living with treated coeliac disease.

Methods

The design was qualitative descriptive with semi‐structured interviews including 22 adults with coeliac disease. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. The study follows the ethical guidelines given in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethical committee (DN 2014/92‐31).

Finding

The source of experienced continuing illness, despite following a gluten‐free diet, was believed to be a bodily imbalance affecting participants’ lives in many ways, both private and in contact with the health services. Due to a feeling of exhaustion and lack of energy, this imbalance had prevented them from participating in school, work life and social activities. Since the participants had often been ill for many years before diagnosis, they believed their intestine to be so damaged that it was no longer possible to achieve a bodily balance.

Conclusions

Illness beliefs in people diagnosed and treated for CD showed that they explained various continuing conditions, physiological and/or psychological, by a bodily imbalance, originally caused by the CD. By uncovering these illness beliefs, the possibility of finding an adequate and facilitative strategy grows stronger.