bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Parameters of Evaporation Equations Using an Optimization Technique Based on Pan Evaporation
Authors: Ghumman Abdul Razzaq , Ghazaw Yousry Mehmood , Alodah Abdullah , Rauf Ateeq ur , Shafiquzzaman Md. , Haider Husnain
Published: January 2020

Countries in arid regions are presently facing challenges in managing their limited water resources. Assessing the evaporation losses from various sources of water is a daunting task that is inevitable for the sustainability of water resource management schemes in these regions. Although several techniques are available for simulating evaporation rates, identifying the parameters of various evaporation equations still needs to be further investigated. The main goal of this research was to develop a framework for determining the parameters influencing the evaporation rate of evaporation pans. Four different equations, including those of Hamon, Penman, Jensen–Haise, and Makkink, were chosen to estimate evaporation from the evaporation pans installed in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. The parameters of these four equations were identified by a state-of-the-art optimization technique, known as the general reduced gradient (GRG). Three types of objective functions used for optimization were tested. Forty-year monitoring records for pan evaporation, temperature, relative humidity, and sunshine hours were collected from the Municipality of Buraydah Al Qassim, for the period of 1976 to 2016. These data were mainly manually recorded at a weather station situated in the Buraydah city. Preliminary data analysis was performed using the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope tests to study the trends. The first 20-year (1976–1995) data were used for calibrating the equations by employing an optimization technique and the remaining data were used for validation purposes. Four new equations were finally developed and their performance, along with the performance of the four original equations, was evaluated using the Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and the Mean Biased Error (MBE). The study revealed that among the original equations, the Penman equation performed better than the other three equations. Additionally, among the new equations, the Hamon method performed better than the remaining three equations.
Analysis of the Radiation Dose in UV-Disinfection Flow Reactors
Authors: Artichowicz Wojciech , Luczkiewicz Aneta , Sawicki Jerzy M.
Published: January 2020

UV-disinfection reactors may appear in a variety of forms, but it is useful for all types to identify the inflow and outflow zones (those in which the fluid approaches or, respectively, recedes from the radiation source) and the direct radiation zone (in which the flow occurs along the UV lamp). Due to the spatial variability of the velocity field and the radiation intensity, the radiation doses received in different zones of a reactor differ. In this work, theoretical considerations regarding functions describing the variability of UV radiation doses in flow reactors are presented. The most basic parameter of a UV-disinfection reactor is the minimal time required by the fluid to pass through the reactor. Such time depends on the maximum fluid velocity in the reactor. Based on the theoretical analysis of this phenomenon, the doses in different zones of the reactor have been compared for laminar and turbulent flows. The result of the analysis states that UV-disinfection reactors should be designed in such a way to deliver the required amount of radiation to the point at which the fluid velocity is the highest. The other main conclusion resulting from this comparison yields that the most effective in terms of disinfection is the direct radiation zone, whereas the influence of the inflow and outflow zones is negligible.
Lake Evolution, Hydrodynamic Outburst Flood Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis in the Central Himalaya: A Case Study
Authors: Sattar Ashim , Goswami Ajanta , Kulkarni Anil. V. , Emmer Adam
Published: January 2020

Climate change has led to the formation of numerous high-altitude lakes of glacial origin in the Himalaya. Safed Lake is one of the largest glacial lakes, located at an elevation 4882 m a.s.l. in the state of Uttarakhand, central Himalaya, India. A temporal analysis of the lake surface using satellite imagery shows that the lake has grown more than double its size from 0.10 km2 to 0.23 km2 over the past 50 years. In this study, we performed a hazard assessment of the lake using 1D and 2D hydrodynamic modeling. We identified the potential glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) triggering factors and evaluated the impact of a moraine breach event of the lake on the nearest village located 16.2 km downstream of the lake. A series of dynamic simulations were performed for different scenario-models based on varied breach depths, breach widths and time of moraine failure. In a worst-case GLOF scenario where breach depth reached up to 60 m, hydrodynamic routing of the breach hydrograph along the given channel revealed inundation depth up to 5 m and flow velocities up to 3.2 m s−1 at Milam village. Considering the flat geometry of the frontal moraine, hazard assessment of the lake was performed by for different breach incision depths (30 and 15 m). In addition, the study incorporated a series of hydrodynamic routing to understand the sensitivity of GLOF to different model input parameters and terrain conditions. The sensitivity of the initial GLOF hydrograph to breach formation time (Tf) was evaluated by considering different hypothetical breach scenarios with a varied time of failure. Increases of 11.5% and 22% in the peak flooding were recorded when the moraine failure time was decreased by 15 and 30 min respectively. The two-dimensional sensitivity revealed flow velocity (m s−1) to be more sensitive to change in Manning’s N when compared to the inundation depth (m). Changes of 10.7% and 0.5% in the mean flow velocity (in m s−1) and flow depth (in m) were recorded when dN was 0.01. The flow velocity was more sensitive to the slope and the top-width of the channel when compared to the inundation depths. A regression of flow velocity versus slope gives a correlation coefficient of 0.76. GLOF flow hydraulics are sensitive to changes in terrain elevation, where flow depth and velocity vary in a similar manner.
ПАСПОРТИ / ПРОФІЛІ ГРОМАД ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ РОЗВИТКУ ОТГ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: ОВЧАРЕНКО Р. В. НИКИФОРЕНКО Н. О.,
Published: January 2020

В статті розглядається роль таких інформаційно-аналітичних документів як паспорти та профілі громад при створенні об’єднаних територіальних громад та плануванні їх розвитку в ході реформи децентралізації в Україні. Аналізуються підходи, нормативні вимоги, методичні рекомендації щодо розробки паспортів / профілів громад, окреслюються можливості та практичні аспекти їх застосування. Наводяться результати проведеного авторами моніторингу офіційних веб-сайтів ОТГ Донецької області щодо доступності паспортів / профілів громад, повноти та актуальності наведених в них даних.
ПРАВА НА СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ЗАХИСТ ВНУТРІШНЬО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИХ ОСІБ
Authors: НІКІТІНА О. М. ЗЕЛІНСЬКА М. І.,
Published: January 2020

У статті розглянуті проблеми вимушено переміщених осіб, що з’явились внаслідок збройного конфлікту на сході України в 2014 році. Визначені труднощі, з якими зіткнулась держава після величезного внутрішнього переселення людей з окупованих територій. Проаналізовано заходи для полегшення життя внутрішньо переміщених осіб. Розглянута ефективність державних заходів з вирішення побутових та соціальних проблем ВПО. Рекомендовані умови комплексної та системної підтримки за участю державних та громадських організацій.
ПУБЛІЧНІ ЗАКУПІВЛІ У БАГАТЬОХ ПОСТАЧАЛЬНИКІВ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНІСТЬ
Authors: ФЕДОРОВСЬКИЙ Л. І.
Published: January 2020

У статті проаналізовані завдання публічних закупівель, які полягають в збалансуванні динамічної напруженості між конкуруючими цілями. Визначено, що одним з найбільш складних і частих питань, які необхідно вирішити, є вибір потрібної кількості постачальників для компанії, які нададуть товар або послугу. Незважаючи на те, що багато авторів обговорювали плюси і мінуси закупівель в багатьох постачальників, а не в одного, жодного наукового внеску в цю проблему, специфічну для публічних закупівель, немає. У цьому відношенні площина державного сектору може бути різною, оскільки вимагається дотримання спеціальних правил, таких як директиви щодо тендерів Європейського Союзу. Доведено, що наявність гнучких норм законодавства та розумний підхід надають широкі можливості у поєднанні різних форм публічних закупівель для отримання суспільно значущого результату.
The benefits of physical activity and exercise on physical, cognitive and daily life activities in aging adults
Authors: Zerbo Dorjana
Published: January 2020

Due to increased longevity, degenerative diseases and disabilities have become one of the largest health-care problems. The state of well-being with a low risk of premature health problems is important for successful aging. Even if the impact of physical activity and exercise on performance of daily life activities is still poorly understood, it seems that regular training has important benefits on physical and cognitive functioning in healthy elderly population. Combined training, including strength, balance, flexibility exercises and activities that improve cardiorespiratory fitness, are important to ensure the independency of elderly people.
Tipos de análisis de costos de la economía en salud
Authors: Ávila Martínez Cristian José
Published: January 2020

La importante demanda y aumento en los costos en salud ha generado a nivel mundial y sobre todo en países en vías de desarrollo la generación de evaluaciones económicas para apoyar la toma de decisiones y ofrecer el mayor beneficio al paciente en relación a sus costos. El aumento de la población y la inversión de la pirámide poblacional, así como el aumento del gasto per cápita en salud ha generado que muchos países, sobre todo países en vías de desarrollo, cada vez más invierten en el sector salud, como aquellos que existen en Australia, Canadá e Inglaterra, siendo estos los que a nivel mundial mayor ingreso per cápita invierten.
Dependence of alumina­zirconium silicate refractories properties on mass moisture and pressing pressure
Authors: Kushchenko P. O. , Primachenko V. V. , Shulyk I. G. , Mishnyova Yu. Ye. , Kushchenko K. I. , Krakhmal Yu. O.
Published: January 2020

A manufacture of pressed refractory products with a maximum apparent density largely depends on a choice of optimal technological parameters for their forming, first of all, mass moisture and specific pressing pressure. The study objective was to establish of optimal values of these parameters in order to further improve the technology of alumina­zirconium silicate refractories.

Researches of mass moisture and specific pressing pressure influence on the apparent density of green samples and main properties of alumina­zirconium silicate refractories samples fired at temperature 1580  C for 8 hours were carried out.

Optimal values of alumina­zirconium silicate mass moisture (3.5  %) and specific pressing pressure (100 N/mm2), which provide receipt refractories with high apparent density of formed greens (2.96 g/cm3) and dried greens (2.89 g/cm3) and properties after firing: apparent density 3.1 g/cm3, open porosity 21  %, cold crushing strength 75 N/mm2, thermal shock resistance by 950  C — water — more than 20 thermal cycles were established.

Obtained results were used at making of alumina­zirconium silicate products for glass melting furnace of industrial lining for fiberglass production from E glass.
Calculation and analysis of temperatures and compositions eutectics binary and ternary sections of systems CаО—CoO—Al2О3 and ВаО—СоО—Al2О3
Authors: Shabanova H. M. , Korohodska A. M. , Levadna S. V. , Gamova O. O.
Published: January 2020

This study focuses on the calculation and analysis of temperatures and compositions of eutectics binary and ternary sections of CaO—CoO—Al2O3 and BaO—СoO—Al2O3 systems with the aim of possibility establishing of developing compositions of calcium­aluminate and barium­aluminate refractory cements with the use of spent aluminum­cobalt­molybdenum catalyst without additional processing. The temperatures and compositions of eutectic binary and ternary sections of the CaO—CoO—Al2O3 and BaO—CoO—Al2O3 systems were calculated. The temperatures and compositions of eutectics in binary sections of the systems were calculated using the Epstein—Howland formulas, and for three­component sections, by solving a system of nonlinear equations. The calculation results and characteristics of binary and ternary eutectic sections of the three­component systems CaO—CoO—Al2O3 and BaO—СoO—Al2O3 were presented. The graphic images of liquidus and solidus surfaces of the optimal regions were given. It was found that, composite materials based on these systems can be used to obtain binding materials with an operating temperature above 1250  C. The most suitable areas to get heat­resistant special purpose binders with increased operational temperature have been determined.
Dual Toned Multi-Frequency Controlled Robotic Vehicle without Micro-Controller
Authors:   Assistant Professor in School of Electrical Engineering,KIIT Deemed to be University. Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India., Jena* Chitralekha , Mishra Krishna Kumar ,   Techno-commercial engineer in Bajaj electrical Limited ,Mumbai, India., Mohapatra Srikanta ,   Associate Professor in the School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India., Panda Babita ,   Assistant Professor in the department of Electrical Engineering at KIIT , deemed to be university Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India., Pradhan Dr. Arjyadhara ,   Assistant Professor in School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India.
Published: January 2020

The main aim of this project is to make a system of robotic vehicle which can be controlled remotely by using GSM technology. This research paper describes how to develop such system where we can control remote vehicle remotely. We can control the Robot using Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) technology. DTMF technology is most useful technique at present days. It is worked on the method of digital signal processing (DSP). Wireless-control of robots uses RF circuit that has the drawbacks of limited working range and limited control. Thus, DTMF gives advantage over the RF by increasing the range of working and gives good results in case of motion and direction of robot using mobile phone that too without using microcontroller.
CMOS Transistor and Applications
Authors:   Department of Electronic Engineering, BS West Virginia university Charlottesville., Almutairi* Ahmed H. , alsumait Esam ,   Department of Medical Electronic in College Of Technology, PAAET Adailiyah, Kuwait.
Published: January 2020

This paper is reviewing and discussing the CMOS transistor and how to be used in Logic gates and the power consumption during operation and the application.
Thermal Analysis on Hydrothermal Performance of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger with Single and Double Helical Tape
Authors:   B.E in Mechanical Engineering from NRI Institute of Information Science &, Gangwar* Abhinay ,   Technology, Bhopal (MP.) India, Pathariya Anoop ,   B.E in Mechanical Engineering from NRI Institute of Information Science & Technology, Bhopal (MP.) India, Kumar Hitesh ,   B.E in Mechanical Engineering from NRI Institute of Information Science & Technology, Bhopal (MP.) India
Published: January 2020

Double pipe heat exchanger has wide applications in industrial process. Thermo-hydro performance plays an important role from the economic point of view. Different enhancement techniques are available for the improvement of heat transfer. In this study the hydrothermal performance of double pipe heat exchanger with single and double HTI on inner pipe of double pipe heat exchanger were experimentally examined. Two types of inner tubes with single and double helical tape was fabricated. Experiments were performed by different mass flow rate of annulus side in the range of 0.072-0.21 kg/s varied. In order to validate the result three dimensional CFD simulations are performed, using Fluent software. CFD simulations analysis was done under turbulent flow conditions. Key design parameters such as heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number are evaluated in order to predict the performance of DPHE. Findings from this study shows that hydrothermal performance of double pipe heat exchanger with double helical tape is better than single HTI. Moreover both the results of CFD simulation & experimental one are in good agreement. Therefore, the present study will help the manufacturers in providing the better thermal performance of DPHE.
Laboratory Works on the Examination of the Soil Properties
Authors:   Student of the Department of Construction/Moscow State University of Civil Engineering/Moscow/Russia, Ekaterina* Lipatova , Daniil Basik ,   Student of the Department of Construction/Moscow State University of Civil Engineering/Moscow/Russia, Katerina Petrova ,   Student of the Department of Construction/Moscow State University of Civil Engineering/Moscow/Russia, Artyom Kudinov ,   Student of the Department of Construction/Moscow State University of Civil Engineering/Moscow/Russia, Vladimir Kuznetsov ,   Student of the Department of Construction/Moscow State University of Civil Engineering/Moscow/Russia, Ekaterina Makeeva ,   Student of the Department of Construction/Moscow State University of Civil Engineering/Moscow/Russia
Published: January 2020

In this work, laboratory engineering - geological examinations of the soil properties were carried out to prepare design documentation for the construction of an apartment building. In order to conduct laboratory research in accordance with the applicable regulatory documents, the following set of engineering and geological works were carried out in the examined area. The indicators obtained as a result of the laboratory research will be one of the important indicators during the design works.
Earthquake Resisting Techniques on A G+10 Storey Building with the Help of Shear Walls & Bracings, using Software
Authors:   B-Tech Degree in Civil Engineering in 2017 from Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Pursuing M-Tech from RIMT University. Punjab, India., Khan* Shahzeb , Yadav Vishal ,   Assistant Professor In Department of Civil Engineering Rimt University, Punjab India., Singla Dr Sandeep ,   Professor & Head in Department of Civil Engineering, RIMT University, Punjab, India.
Published: January 2020

From the beginning of life on Earth it is evident that natural catastrophes cause a lot of destruction to human life and property. One of the major natural phenomena is the Earthquake. Sudden shaking of ground is a difficult challenge to any structure standing on earth. Due to Improper design of the structure without seismic resistance many buildings have collapsed and lives have lost during earthquakes. Different shapes & materials of buildings have been used to achieve the strength required to withstand the earthquake. In modern era, lots of seismic force resisting techniques are being used to make a structure/building earthquake resistant. These techniques include introducing Shear walls, Bracings, base isolation, column jacketing etc. to enhance the structure. In this paper, I present a Comparative analysis of earthquake resisting techniques on a G+10 story building with the help of different types of Shear walls & Bracings, using software. The comparison is done between: an un-Resisting structure, parallel shear walls, L-shaped shear wall, diagonal bracings, X-shaped bracings & V-shaped bracings. The use of shear walls and bracings helps to strengthen then structure to make it more Earthquake resistant. The analysis in done on a G+10 building for seismic zone III as per IS 1893:2002 codal provisions. The software that I have used to carry out this analysis is Staad pro v8. It is found out that shear walls and bracing contribute largely in reducing the deflection by increasing the strength and stiffness of the building. The results of this project can further be used to enhance the seismic strength of buildings using combination of seismic resistance techniques.
Causes and Effects of Construction Accidents
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai Erode., K* Kavya , T Pradeep ,   Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode.
Published: January 2020

In a day to day scenario, the construction industry is the most developing sectors when compared to all countries. There are numerous reasons for accidents, and they result from the elements that happen in the workplace. These elements, in ideal conditions, can essentially build the likelihood of a risk getting to be operational and prompting a word related mishappenings. The site accidents are bound to happen when there are lacking organization arrangements, risky practices, and weak frames of mind of development workforce, poor administration responsibility, and deficient wellbeing information and preparing of laborers. The point is to locate the fundamental driver of accidents, places with the big event, perilous sorts of work, and so on, by factual examination. In light of that, a few enhancements are endeavored to propose better security for the executives later on. This paper found that the most significant accidents in the construction industry include fall from a height, fall from scaffoldings, and building collapse. Based on the study of past works of literature, the significant factors influencing construction accidents include technical causes, organizational causes, human causes, and environmental causes. The preventive measures taken by the construction industries are providing personal protective pieces of equipment (PPE's), conducting toolbox meetings and safety training to the workers. The violation of OSHA guidelines should be recorded and reported. Workers must be aware of the hazards and safety programs to prevent construction accidents.
Hybrid Controller in Immune Feedback Control Algorithm for Distribution Static Compensator
Authors:   PG Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTU Anantapur, AP, India., Sharon S. Padma , Gowd K.Jithendra ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTU Anantapur, AP, India., Srinivasarao M. ,   Ph.D research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUA Anantapur, AP, India.
Published: January 2020

This paper bestows a biological immune feedback control for DSTATCOM hinge on fuzzy logic techniques. The proposed algorithm relies on adaptive and self-corrective. An immune feedback algorithm proposed for DSTATCOM can balance loads, estimate fundamental grid currents from nonlinear load currents, maintain unity power factor, reduce harmonics of the supply currents and can mitigate reactive power. DSTATCOM’S configuration chosen relies on 3-Φ VSC that is appropriately controlled as a shunt compensator to perform on power quality issues. Replacing of ANFIS-PID (hybrid) controller in immune feedback control where, ANFIS is collaboration of fuzzy logic and neural network system, hybrid controller for DSTATCOM can perform better over PI controller. Simulation is directed using MATLAB to prove performance of the system by replacing hybrid controller, enhancement in power quality (PQ) is achieved.
تطور الوعي الانفعالي للاطفال بعمر (5-6-7)
Authors: أ.م.د. مروج عادل خلف
Published: January 2020

هدف البحث الحالي الى تعرف دلالة الوعي الانفعالي للاطفال بعمر7-6-5  والوعي الانفعالي للاطفال بحسب الجنس ذكور – اناث. وتكونت العينة من 150 طفلا وطفلة بواقع (50) طفلا وطلفة من مرحلة الروضة و(50) طفلا وطفلة من مرحلة التمهيدي و(50) طفلا وطفلة من الصف الاول الابتدائي واستخدمت الباحثة مقياس الوعي الانفعالي الذي تم اعداده من قبل الباحثة بعد اطلاعها على الدراسات السابقة والخلفية النظرية وبأستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية  اظهرت النتائج ان الوعي الانفعالي للاطفال   يتطور مع تقدم العمر وكلما كبر الطفل كلما زاد وعيه بالانفعلات
رسالة في التفسير تفسير سورة القدر محمد بن الأمير المالكي المتوفى سنة 1232هـ
Authors: أ.م.د. شهاب أحمد محمد
Published: January 2020

الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله محمد وعلى آله الطيبين الطاهرين ، وصحابته الهداة المهديين والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين .

أما بعد...

     فالمكتبة الإسلامية زاخرة بكنوز من العلم والمعرفة في شتى مجالات الحياة والتي كانت ثمرة لجهود علمية كبيرة بذلها العلماء السابقون، تحتوي على ثروة علمية رائعة ، ولكن الكثير منها ما يزال حبيس خزائن المخطوطات في المكتبات وتتعرض لمخاطر التلف مع مرور الزمن أو الإتلاف مما يتطلب من أبناء هذه الأمة والباحثين خصوصاً بذل جهود كبيرة لإخراجها بعد تصحيحها وخدمتها بتوثيق نصوصها وتيسير مادتها للقارئين ؛ كي ترى النور فينتفع بها الناس ، وحتى يكون حاضرنا امتداداً لماضينا مستفيدين من جوانبه المشرقة .

    ولشرف الدراسات القرآنية فقد دفعني لاختيار تحقيق هذا المخطوط والذي يحقق لأول مرة حسب علمي وبحثي في كتب المطبوعات وشبكة الانترنت .

اقتضت خطة البحث أن يقسم على قسمين : 

القسم الأول: القسم الدراسي .

وقد تناولت فيه حياة المؤلف ، والمنهج المتبع في التحقيق ، ووصف النسخ الخطية .

القسم الثاني: النص المحقق .

واختتمت التحقيق بفهارس تضمنت الآتي :

فهرس الآيات المستشهد بها .

فهرس الأحاديث والآثار .

فهرس الأعلام المترجم لهم .

فهرس المصادر والمراجع .

فهرس المحتويات .

   ولم أتوسع كثيرا في عمل الفهارس ولاسيما فيما يتعلق بفهارس الأشعار والمصطلحات والفرق ؛ لان المخطوط قليل الورقات وعمل هذه الفهارس هو لتسهيل القراءة على القارئ فلا حاجة إليها . 

 والله سبحانه وتعالى أسال أن يجعل عملي هذا خالصًا لوجهه الكريم ، وأن ينفعني به في دنياي وآخرتي .

والحمد لله ربِّ العالمين ، وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه أجمعين  ومن تبعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين .
إستراتيجية محاكاة الشكل للطبيعة في المدينة العربية التقليدية
Authors: Kamash Nada Abdulmueen Hasan
Published: January 2020

كانت تنهض على اس تجريبية لا تخلو مز الحكمة - على ان تثير في نفس الما ضي، و التقاليد العريضة - الى الانسان الحديث مشاعر القلق «الافذئار الى الجذور. لقد أشارت العديد من الدراسا.ت، إى المحاولات العديدة لفيم الطبيعة ومحاكاتها وأنها ليست شيء يجد، أن يحارب ولكن

بجب أن تجلب إلى التصميم كقوة أـأعل،: مبدعة، فالطبيعة يجب أن لا تكون مرفوضة ولكن معتقة، فدرار سة النماذج التي تتصمن الأحداث والأشكال انتي «حث بأنتطام في الطبيعة هي المفتاح إلى توجهات التصميم المستدام، الا ان هذه الدر اسات بصورة رئيسة بالعمارة الة ربية وتوجهاتها (وخاصة الدراسات المحلية ) ول ينل هذا اتوجه القسط الكافي من ار تبطت البحث والتحليل فيما يخص العم رو العربية والمدينة العربية التقليدية تحديدا مما استدعى قيام هذا البحث، فجاءت مشكلة البحث لتنص على عدم وجود معر فة «نافية بطبيعة علاقة المدينة العربية التقليدية باستراتيج ية محاكاة الطبيعة كأحدى استراتيجيات الاستدامة، وجاء ١ دف البحث ليحدد طبيعة تمك العلاقة. توصل البحث الى فاعلبه، ؤشرات مناهج محاكاة الشكل للطبيعة في المدينة العربية الا ليدية فيما يخص الحلول تنمو من المكان أولا من حيث لعوامل الطبيعية والثقافية ( المناخ الاجتماعي )؛ وتشة ل الاعتبارات الايكولوجي.» تسكيل المباني، تصميم الو أجمارة،، السيطرة الشمسية، والاضاءة ذاتية الطبيعية من حيث التصميم ثانيا فيما يخص التهوية الطبيعية؛ بالاضافية ال أعادة التدوير وبالتالي تأثيرها على استراتيجيات محاكاه الشكل للطبيعة.
Hubungan Antara Motivasi Berprestasi, Kebiasaan Belajar, dan Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran dengan Kompetensi Guru IPA MTs Pasca Diklat
Authors: Pulungan Intan
Published: January 2020

Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara: motivasi berprestasi, kebiasaan belajar, penggunaan media pembelajaran dengan kompetensi guru IPA Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey, dengan teknik analisis korelasional. Koefisien korelasi untuk hubungan antara kedua variabel ini adalah sebesar 0,539. Persamaan garis regresi yang diperoleh adalah Yˆ = 41,2 + 0,19 X1 . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi motivasi berprestasi guru maka akan semakin meningkatkan kompetensinya. Terdapat hubungan yang positif antara Kebiasaan Belajar dengan kompetensi guru IPA Madrasah Aliyah. Koefisien korelasi untuk hubungan antara kedua variabel ini adalah sebesar 0,509. Persamaan garis regresi yang diperoleh adalah Yˆ = 44,31 + 0,1 X2. Terdapat hubungan yang positif antara penggunaan media pembelajaran dengan kompetensi guru IPA Madrasah Aliyah. Koefisien korelasi untuk hubungan antara kedua variabel ini adalah sebesar 0,5485. Persamaan garis regresi yang diperoleh adalah Yˆ = 44,80 + 0,11 X3. Terdapat hubungan yang positif antara motivasi berprestasi, kebiasaan belajar dan penggunaan media pembelajaran secara bersama-sama dengan kompetensi guru kimia Madrasah Aliyah. Koefisien korelasi untuk hubungan antara keempat variabel ini adalah sebesar 0,652. Persamaan garis regresi yang diperoleh adalah Y= 36,36+ 0,160X1 + 0,003X2+0,082 X3. Kesimpulannya semakin baik motivasi berprestasi, kebiasaan belajar dan penggunaan media pembelajaran secara bersama-sama maka akan semakin meningkatkan kompetensi guru.
Phoneme in Minangkabau Language Between Padang Dialect and Lintau Buo Dialect
Authors: Marzona Yessy
Published: January 2020

Minangkabau people have many dialects, every region has one dialect. Padang and Lintau do not have same dialect. Padang city uses Minangkabau Language because this is a standard language eventhought they has many varieties dialect use in daily communication.Padang and Lintau Buo, both of which are often called Minangkabau language, are different dialect rather than different dialect of one language because they are not mutually intelligible in their spoken form. The problems are the difference between phoneme in Padang and Lintau Buo dialect and phonem deletion and additional in Padang and Lintau Buo dialect. There are differences between phoneme of Padang dialect and Lintau Buo dialect. The difference of phoneme can be seen in their vowels and consonants in several position of phoneme such as initial, medial and final.Phoneme
Successful Long-term Nerve Root Stimulation
for Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Real World,
Single Center Canadian Experience
Authors: MacDougall Keith W.
Published: January 2020

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-established treatment for chronic
neuropathic pain in the lower limbs. However, some patients have pain in distributions that are
difficult to target specifically and consistently with SCS. This often involves pain in the groin or
upper limbs, or pain limited to a specific dermatome. We hypothesized that dorsal nerve root
stimulation (DNRS) would provide similar pain relief for these patients, compared to our results
using SCS.
Objectives: In this study we report our experience treating patients with chronic neuropathic
pain using SCS and DNRS.
Study Design: Open label, prospective study that includes all patients treated with a new trial
stimulator system at a single center between July 1, 2011, and October 31, 2013.
Setting: Academic university neurosurgical pain center.
Methods: One hundred thirty-two consecutive patients had trials of spinal stimulation.
Seventy-six patients went on to permanent implants, of which 26 received only DNRS, 47 only
SCS, and 3 both. The technique was selected based on clinical assessment and intraoperative
test stimulation. Other than pain location and diagnosis, the DNRS and SCS groups had similar
baseline characteristics. Follow-up is reported at 12 months. Patients were assessed using a
visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the SF-36 for quality of life, and the morphine equivalent
daily dose (MEDD).
Results: At 12 months, the average VAS score for the DNRS group had decreased from 7.5
(SD 1.4) to 4.4 (SD 2.6) and 47% of patients with permanent implants achieved > 50% pain
reduction. There were improvements in all subscores and component summary scores of the
SF-36. The MEDD had been reduced in 55% of the patients with available data. There was no
significant difference in complication or revision rates between the 2 groups.
Limitations: Patients were not randomized to treatment groups, and instead were assigned
to SCS or DNRS based on what was expected to provide superior pain coverage. There is
incomplete follow-up data for some patients due to missed clinic visits.
Conclusion: In our study, DNRS provided excellent pain reduction, quality of life improvement,
and opioid medication use decreases. We conclude that it is an effective long-term treatment
for chronic neuropathic pain.
Key words: Spinal cord stimulation, dorsal nerve root stimulation, lumbar, thoracic, cervical,
neuropathic pain, neuromodulation, clinical effectiveness, chronic pain, visual analogue scale
Comparing the Efficacy of Surgery and Medical
Therapy for Pain Management in Endometriosis:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mehdizadehkashi Abolfazl
Published: January 2020

Background: Pain is considered as one of the main symptoms of endometriosis. The
treatment for endometriosis remains controversial.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of medical or surgical
treatments for pain-relief in patients with endometriosis.
Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Setting: Published papers about evaluating pain treatment in endometriosis in
PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
Methods: After searching all studies evaluating pain treatment in endometriosis in
PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, there were 23 related studies, containing 1,847
patients enrolled in our study. We used a variety of tests: fixed and random effects
models, Q Cochrane test and I2 index, Egger and Begg tests, forest and funnel plots,
Trim and fill method, and meta-regression in our analysis.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in pain improvement
between surgical and medical treatment. Interestingly, pain relief was more prominent
longer after treatment. Both clinical trials and cross sectional studies showed higher
improvement in pain than cohort studies. High quality studies and lower body mass
index (BMI) had a greater effect on pain relief. All studies were heterogeneous, but
there was no publication bias.
Limitations: There was a higher probability of risk of bias in blinding, random
sequence generation, and selective outcome reporting in clinical trial studies entered
in our meta-analysis.
Conclusions: Our results could not demonstrate the preference of each medical
or surgical treatment effect for dysmenorrhea in endometriosis. Additional data is
required before a standardized medical protocol can be offered, but we believe this
study may encourage clinicians to consider a less invasive alternative for treating their
patients’ chronic pelvic pain in the near future.
Key words: Endometriosis, pain, meta-analysis, therapy, disease management
A Systematic Review on the Prevalence,
Etiology, and Pathophysiology of Intrinsic Pain
in Dermal Scar Tissue
Authors: Bijlard Eveline
Published: January 2020

Background: Scars can cause pain, even without symptoms of underlying nerve damage. A lack
of knowledge on intrinsic scar pain hampers effective treatment of these complaints.
Objective: Aggregate current knowledge on the prevalence, etiology, and pathophysiology of
intrinsic pain in dermal scars.
Study Design: Systematic review.
Setting: University Medical Center.
Methods: We searched the Embase, Medline, Cochrane central, CINAHL, Web-of-Science, and
Pubmed databases with search terms: scar, skin, pain, and etiology/pathology, adding all synonyms
of these terms. Relevant papers were selected and analyzed by 3 reviewers.
Results: Intrinsic pain in scars has a low prevalence. However, pathologic scars and burns
regularly cause pain of high intensity. The etiology is multifactorial, the extent of trauma was
an important predicting factor. Nerve fiber density did not explain the intrinsic pain when panneuronal markers were used, while a correlation with an increased number of C-fiber subtypes
seems plausible. Nerve growth factor (that stimulate these C-fibers) plays an important role in
wound healing. Thereby, it also sensitizes neurons and promotes inflammation, releasing even
more neurotrophic factors. Central sensitization causes a long-lasting effect even after wounds are
healed. Furthermore, the opioid-system, that influences inflammation and healing and possible
systemic sensory alterations after injury, is discussed.
Limitations: Liberal selection criteria challenged the systematic selection of papers.
Conclusions: Burn and pathologic scars often lead to high intensity pain symptoms. This pain
has many characteristics of neuropathic pain that could be caused by an imbalance of C-fibers
subtypes. The scar tissue itself may alter the nerve fiber distribution; the imbalance results in
ongoing neuro-inflammation and pain symptoms.
Key words: Systematic review, scar, pain, epidermal innervation, prevalence, neuro inflammatory
response, peptidergic fibers
The Effectiveness of Manual Therapy for
Relieving Pain, Stiffness, and Dysfunction in Knee
Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cao Yuelong
Published: January 2020

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of arthritis, leading to pain
disability in seniors and increased health care utilization. Manual therapy is one widely used
physical treatment for KOA.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) of manual therapy compared
to other treatments for relieving pain, stiffness, and physical dysfunction in patients with KOA.
Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of manual therapy for KOA.
Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases for
relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of manual therapy for patients with KOA from the
inception to October 2015 without language restrictions. RCTs compared manual therapy to
the placebo or other interventional control with an appropriate description of randomization.
Two reviewers independently conducted the search results identification, data extraction, and
methodological quality assessment. The methodological quality was assessed by PEDro scale.
Pooled data was expressed as standard mean difference (SMD), with 95% confident intervals (CIs)
in a random effects model. The meta-analysis of manual therapy for KOA on pain, stiffness, and
physical function were conducted.
Results: Fourteen studies involving 841 KOA participants compared to other treatments were
included. The methodological quality of most included RCTs was poor. The mean PEDro scale
score was 6.6. The meta-analyses results showed that manual therapy had statistically significant
effects on relieving pain (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.61, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.28, P
= 76%), stiffness (SMD = -0.58, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.21, P = 81%), improving physical function
(SMD = -0.49, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.22, P = 65%), and total score (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI -0.78 to
-0.35, P = 50%). But in the subgroups, manual therapy did not show significant improvements on
stiffness and physical function when treatment duration was less than 4 weeks. And the long-term
information for manual therapy was insufficient.
Limitations: The limitations of this systematic review include the paucity of literature and
inevitable heterogeneity between included studies.
Conclusion: The preliminary evidence from our study suggests that manual therapy might be
effective and safe for improving pain, stiffness, and physical function in KOA patients and could
be treated as complementary and alternative options. However, the evidence may be limited by
potential bias and poor methodological quality of included studies. High-quality RCTs with longterm follow-up are warranted to confirm our findings.
Key words: Knee osteoarthritis, manual therapy, systematic review
High Voltage Pulsed Radiofrequency for the
Treatment of Refractory Neuralgia of the
Infraorbital Nerve: A Prospective Double-Blinded
Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Nan Ji
Published: January 2020

Background: A recent study showed that 50% of patients who suffered from refractory neuralgia
of the infraorbital nerve obtained satisfactory efficacy after pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment.
A pilot study showed that increasing the output voltage of PRF significantly improved the efficacy
for trigeminal neuralgia; however, whether increasing the output voltage of PRF can improve the
treatment outcomes for neuralgia of the infraorbital nerve is unknown.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high voltage PRF treatment in comparison with
standard voltage PRF for neuralgia of the infraorbital nerve.
Study Design: Prospective, single-center, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.
Setting: Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.
Methods: A total of 60 patients with refractory neuralgia of the infraorbital nerve were randomly
divided into the high voltage PRF group and the standard voltage PRF group to treat their
infraorbital nerves. Neither the patients, pain physicians, nor the follow-up evaluators knew the
patient group assignments. The primary outcome measure was the one-year response rate. The
secondary outcome measures included the time to take effect after PRF, the one-month, 3-month,
and 6-month response rates, the relapse rate, and adverse reactions.
Results: The intent-to-treat analysis showed that the one-month, 3-month, 6-month, and oneyear response rates were all 90% in the high voltage group, which were significantly higher than
the rates in the standard voltage group (67% [P < 0.05], 67% [P < 0.05], 63% [P < 0.05], and 60%
[P <0.01], respectively). Furthermore, 27% of the patients in the high-voltage group and 13% of
the patients in the standard voltage group experienced minor transient (10 – 30 days) numbness
in the innervation area after PRF; no other serious adverse reactions were observed in the 2 groups
(P > 0.05).
Limitations: We did not investigate the dose-effect relationship between the output voltage and
efficacy or the effect of a higher pulse dose on efficacy. This study was a single-center study, and
multi-center, randomized, controlled studies are needed to obtain the highest level of empirical
evidence. Additionally, the follow-up period lasted only one year in this study; thus, long-term
efficacy needs to be further confirmed.
Conclusions: The results showed that high voltage PRF was effective and safe for patients with
refractory neuralgia of the infraorbital nerve and could become a treatment option in patients who
do not respond to conservative treatment.
Key words: Neuralgia, infraorbital nerve, pulsed radiofrequency, numeric rating scales, treatment
Differences in Pain Processing Between
Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain, Recurrent
Low Back Pain, and Fibromyalgia
Authors: Meeus Mira
Published: January 2020

Background: The impairment in musculoskeletal structures in patients with low back pain
(LBP) is often disproportionate to their complaint. Therefore, the need arises for exploration of
alternative mechanisms contributing to the origin and maintenance of non-specific LBP. The
recent focus has been on central nervous system phenomena in LBP and the pathophysiological
mechanisms underlying the various symptoms and characteristics of chronic pain. Knowledge
concerning changes in pain processing in LBP remains ambiguous, partly due to the diversity in
the LBP population.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare quantitative sensory assessment in different
groups of LBP patients with regard to chronicity. Recurrent low back pain (RLBP), mild chronic low
back pain (CLBP), and severe CLBP are compared on the one hand with healthy controls (HC),
and on the other hand with fibromyalgia (FM) patients, in which abnormal pain processing has
previously been reported.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
Methods: Twenty-three RLBP, 15 mild CLBP, 16 severe CLBP, 26 FM, and 21 HC participated in this
study. Quantitative sensory testing was conducted by manual pressure algometry and computercontrolled cuff algometry. A manual algometer was used to evaluate hyperalgesia as well as
temporal summation of pain and a cuff algometer was used to evaluate deep tissue hyperalgesia,
the efficacy of the conditioned pain modulation and spatial summation of pain.
Results: Pressure pain thresholds by manual algometry were significantly lower in FM compared
to HC, RLBP, and severe CLBP. Temporal summation of pain was significantly higher in FM compared
to HC and RLBP. Pain tolerance thresholds assessed by cuff algometry were significantly lower in
FM compared to HC and RLBP and also in severe CLBP compared to RLBP. No significant differences
between groups were found for spatial summation or conditioned pain modulation.
Limitations: No psychosocial issues were taken into account for this study.
Conclusion: The present results suggest normal pain sensitivity in RLBP, but future research is
needed. In mild and severe CLBP some findings of altered pain processing are evident, although
to a lesser extent compared to FM patients. In conclusion, mild and severe CLBP presents within
a spectrum, somewhere between completely healthy persons and FM patients, characterized by
pain augmentation.
Key words: Low back pain, fibromyalgia, pain assessment, quantitative sensory testing,
central sensitization, hypersensitivity, temporal summation, spatial summation, conditioned pain
modulation
The Analgesic Effects of Celecoxib on the
Formalin-induced Short- and Long-term
Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Zhao Ya-Qun
Published: January 2020

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib has long been used for
reducing pain, in spite of moderate gastrointestinal side effects. In previous studies,
it has been shown that celecoxib can inhibit formalin-induced spontaneous pain
and secondary hyperalgesia. Injecting formalin into a rodent’s hind paw not
only induces acute pain behaviors, but also produces long-lasting hyperalgesia.
Whether celecoxib can also have long-lasting effects is still unknown. Our results
show that pretreatment with an intraperitoneal injection of celecoxib at one hour
before formalin injection induced inhibition on the spontaneous flinch and licking
behaviors in the second phase but not the first phase. Meanwhile, FOS expressions
were also reduced with celecoxib pretreatment. Consecutive administration of
celecoxib also protects the hind paw from hypoalgesia and relieves formalininduced, long-lasting hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral hind paw. These analgesic
effects may be related to suppression of the activation of neurons and astrocytes
indicated by FOS and GFAP expressions. Based on the above findings, celecoxib
demonstrated analgesic effects not only on acute spontaneous pain behavior but
also on long-lasting hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection. The inhibition of
neurons and astrocytes by celecoxib may be possible reasons for its analgesia.
Key words: Formalin test, celecoxib, FOS, GFAP, hyperalgesia