bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status and nutrient adequacy against serum prolactin levels in lactating mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Okinarum Giyawati Yulilania , Lestariningsih Lestariningsih , Fauziah Afroh
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is creating global disruption, every area of life is touched. One area that has an impact, is breastfeeding, which is caused by nutritional status and nutrient adequacy during the pandemic, this condition affects prolactin release. Prolactin hormone stimulates and initiatiates of milk secretion. Midwives employed in maternal-child settings play a pivotal role in facilitating and supporting lactating mothers. This study aimed to identify and analyze the nutritional status and nutrient adequacy against serum prolactin levels in lactating mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty lactating mothers from Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta city participated in this cross-sectional study. All were between 0-3 postpartum months. A single blood sample was collected from women at 7-9 am. Serum samples were stored at 2-8â°C before the prolactin assay by using VIDASÂ®. Data analysis using Kruskal Wallis followed by Post-Hoc Mann Whitney. Results found a statistically significant difference in serum prolactin levels between underweight vs normoweight and normoweight vs overweight (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in serum prolactin levels between underweight vs overweight (p>0.05). Significant differences in serum prolactin levels also found in the nutrient adequacy (energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat) (p <0.05). Thus, normoweight and adequate macronutrient during breastfeeding in the COVID-19 pandemic situation had better serum prolavtin levels than underweight, overweight and inadequate macronutrient.
Effect of ginger to overcome nausea and vomiting in pregnant women: a narrative review
Authors: Adiesti Ferila , - Sulasmi , Rosyad Shelly Rodliah , DwiJayanti Novia , Yitna Melia Dwi
Published: December 2021

Background: Nausea, and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) are symptoms that often occur in 60-80% primigravida and 40-60% multigravida. Nausea and vomiting are symptoms experienced by women during early pregnancy, where this condition usually begins 4-8 weeks of pregnancy and can be more severe by the 9th week. The condition of nausea and vomiting will improve at 14 weeks of gestation and above. The discovery of the effectiveness of ginger in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is a potential health technology assessment that can be recommended in midwifery practice. However, a comprehensive analysis is needed regarding the use of ginger in reducing complaints of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Therefore, this analysis was conducted to determine how the effect and safetyness of ginger in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.Method: The method used was a narrative review method. The articles were searched using 3 databases (PubMed, siencedirect, and Wiley online library). The inclusion criteria of the article were articles published in 2011-2021, in English and discussing the effect of ginger to reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. The article search flow was described using PRISMA Flowchart. Meanwhile, article quality assessment was carried out using MMAT and CASP. Furthermore, data preparation and reporting of results were carried out.Result: Out of the 10 articles that had been extracted,9 article involved pregnant women as participants. while 1 article only discusses the effectiveness of ginger in reducing nausea vomiting,6 articles had been used using randomized controlled trials and 4 articles were systematic reviews. Based on the quality of the articles, 9 articles obtained grade A and 1 article obtained grade B. furthermore, three themes were obtained, namely effectiveness, safety, other therapies, and 5 related sub-themes of effective, ineffective, safety, pharmacological therapy, and non-pharmacological therapy.Conclusion: The findings of this narrative review found that ginger is effective and safe in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.Â
Evaluation of the auto surfacing methods to create a surface body of the mandible model
Authors:   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland, Turek Paweł
Published: December 2021

Designing an anatomical structure for a surgical procedure is not a simple task. It is especially true of the craniofacial area, which consists of bone tissues with very complex geometry. CAD modelers need appropriate knowledge and skills in medicine and technical sciences to fully use the currently available tools in related processes with the reconstruction of the craniofacial areas. The presented preliminary studies are based on four patients treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery. The segmentation process of the mandible model was performed in the ITK SNAP software. The process of generating surface body models was performed in the Auto Surfacing module in Geomagic software using two different methods: organic and mechanical. Then compare both methods for the accuracy of generating a CAD model of the mandible based on a triangle mesh structure in the Focus Inspection and the GOM Inspect software.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BLEWAH (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis L.) PADA TINGKAT PENJARANGAN BUAH DAN DOSIS PUPUK NPK BERBEDA
Authors: Septiriyani Lusiana , Chozin Mohammad , Yulian Yulian
Published: December 2021

[PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF CANTALOUPE AT DIFFERENT RATES OF FRUIT THINNING AND NPK FERTILIZER APPLICATION]. Productivity and fruit quality of cantaloupe depend on the availability of nutrients and the number of fruits maintained. The aim of this study was to compare the productivity and fruit quality of cantaloupe at different rates of fruit thinning and NPK fertilizer application. The research was conducted in August-October 2020 on street Kapuas V, Lingkar Barat Village, Gading Cempaka District, Bengkulu city. A field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications for alloting two factorial treatments structure, namely rates of fruit thinning (no fruit thinning, thinned to one fruit /plant, thinned to two fruits/plant, and thinned to three fruits/plant) and rates of NPK fertilizer application (400, 600, and 800 kg/ha) on rhe experimental plots. The results showed that fruit thinnings resulted no increament in crop productivity, but the fruit quality was improved as fewer number of fruits were retained on each plant. The NPK fertilizer at 400, 600, and 800 kg/ha were not able to increase the productivity of cantaloupe  and the quality of the  produced fruit when  the application were made only at planting and 23 days after planting.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN INTERVAL WAKTU PENYEMPROTAN BIOPESTISIDA BABANDOTAN TERHADAP INTENSITAS KERUSAKAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KAILAN
Authors: Limbong Oktaviana , Kristanto Budi Adi , Kusmiyati Florentina
Published: December 2021

[EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION AND TIME INTERVAL OF BABANDOTAN BIOPESTICIDE SPRAYING ON THE INTENSITY OF DAMAGE AND YIELD OF KAILAN]. Biopesticides from Ageratum conyzoides plants are used as an alternative in pest control. The used of synthetic pesticides was widespread as an effort in pest and disease control because it worked effectively and quickly, but caused resistance and resurgence of pests were bad impact on the environment for long term. The content of active compounds in Ageratum conyzoides plants such as flavonoids, anthraquinone, tannins, terpenes, phenols, saponins, alkaloids and steroids worked as controllers of various cultivated plant pests. This study aims to determine the spraying concentration and interval of spraying Ageratum conyzoides on the intensity of damage and yield of kailan plants. This research was conducted in November 2020 - January 2021 at Agroecotechnopark research land, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The experimental design used was a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor was spraying concentration (10%, 30% and 50%) and the second factor was interval of spraying (once every 5 days, 10 days and 15 days). The variables observed were absolute damage rate, relative damage rate, plant height, number of leaves and fresh weight of kailan. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance followed by DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). The results showed that Ageratum conyzoides biopesticide was able to control pests and and to support kailan growth. Spraying babandotan biopesticide at a concentration of 50% has been able to reduce the rate of crop damage by pests, supported vegetative growth, and increased kailan growth to provide optimal yield. Spraying time interval did not affect all variables.
Pelaksanaan Pernikahan Adat Suku Anak Dalam Perpektif UU 1974
Authors: Rahmat Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nasional, yaitu UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 ternyata menyisakan sejumlah persoalan. Undang-undang ini lahir sebagai upaya pemerintah melakukan unifikasi hukum guna mengatasi ketidakpastian hukum dalam masalah perkawinan. Di Indonesia terdapat kemajemukan hukum akibat berlakunya tiga sistem hukum, yaitu sistem hukum Adat, sistem hukum Islam, dan sistem hukum Barat. Sehingga lahirnya UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 diharapkan mampu menjadi solusi pluralitas hukum dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Namun, undang-undang ini ternyata tidak mampu mengayomi keragaman hukum, terutama hukum adat. Banyak masyarakat adat Indonesia yang tetap bersikukuh menjalankan hukum perkawinan adat mereka dan mengesampingkan ketentuan dalam undang-undang yang telah dipositifkan. Hal ini terjadi di masyarakat Suku Anak Dalam/Orang Rimba Jambi sampai sekarang. Banyak praktek perkawinan mereka yang tidak sejalan dengan pasal-pasal UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Sebagian besar mereka masih menganut kepercayaan animism dinamisme, memiliki cara mengukur kedewasaan calon pengantin, dan tidak mengenal konsep wali, sasksi dan juga tidak melakukan pencatatan perkawinan. Kenyataan ini mengharuskan pemerintah untuk mengkaji lagi ketentuan-ketentuan dalam UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 agar dapat mengakomodir hukum adat yang masih berlaku.
PASAR PERSAINGAN MONOPOLISTIK DAN OLIGOPOLI
Authors: Muhajrajasfar  , kardilla  , putri Aulia ananda , Ardila
Published: December 2021

Pasar merupakan salah satu dari berbagai sistem, institusi prosedur. hubungan sosial dan infrasturktur dimana usaha menjual barang, jasa, dan tenaga kerja untuk orang-orang dengan imbalan uang. Menurut organisasinya, pasar dibedakan menjadi empat, yaitu pasar persaingan sempurna, pasar monopolistik, pasar monopoli dan oligopoli.
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Zahra Sufiani
Published: December 2021

Dalam setiap membuat laporan keuangan kita harus melakukan analisis. Nah analisis adalah, mengamati aktivitas objek dengan cara mendeskripsikan komposisi objek dan menyusun kembali komponen-komponennya untuk dikaji atau dipelajari secara detail. Kata analisis berasal dari bahasa Yunani Kuno.Sedangakan Analisis laporan keuangan adalah, kegiatan menganalisa laporan keuangan menggunakan konsep dan standar akuntansi keuangan. Keakuratan dan pencegahan kesalahan penafsiran terhadap informasi keuangan di dalam analisis laporan keuangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan sifat dan konsep akuntansi keuangan selama proses analisa.
KERJASAMA LUAR NEGERI DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH (PERAN PEMDA DAN MEKANISME MEMULAI KERJASAMA)
Authors: Luerdi Luerdi
Published: December 2021

Luerdi, L. (2014). KERJASAMA LUAR NEGERI DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH (PERAN PEMDA DAN MEKANISME MEMULAI KERJASAMA). Diskusi perkuliahan pada Program Studi Ilmu Politik Pascasarjana Universitas Riau (2013-2014).
Jenis-Jenis Strategi Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Mardiany Dewi
Published: December 2021

Di indoneesia sendiri sudah banyak bank syariah yang berdiri sejak lama namun masyarakat indonesia lebih cenderung menggunakan bank konvensional sebagai sarana mereka dalam bertransaksi perbankan yang dikarenakan mereka beranggapan bahwa bank konvensional lebih efisien dan mudah dalam bertransaksi. Dengan alasan tersebut sejumlah bank syariah segera melakukan pemasaran yang mana mereka mengenalkan produk di bank syariah kepada para nasabah guna memenuhi tingkat kepuasan para nasabah dalam bertransaksi. untuk itu sejumlah bank syariah menerapkan sejumlah strategi pemasaran guna menarik minat nasabah agar beralih ke bank syariah. Tujuan dari makalah ini yaitu Untuk mengetahui definisi manajemen strategi, Untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis manajmen strategi, Untuk mengetahui bentuk – bentuk manajemen strategi.
Analisis Laporan Keuanagan
Authors: Ridwan Muh.
Published: December 2021

Analisis laporan keuangan, Analisis rasio keuangan, Bentuk rasio keuangan
PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM ADAT LONTARA DI DAERAH SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Alifah Aliyyah Dinda
Published: December 2021

Seiring memasuki era reformasi dan terjadinya perubahan paradigma di dalam kehidupan berbangsa, bernegara dan bermasyarakat, maka kebangkitan masyarakat adat yang sudah mulai tampil dengan kekuatan yang lebih besar dan mempengaruhi kebijakan-kebijakan Pemerintah perlu terus diupayakan. Mengingat kedudukan Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam masih menjadi pedoman hidup sebagian besar masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan khususnya di Kabupaten Maros dan Kabupaten Gowa, maka perlu dilakukan kajian-kajian yang lebih mendalam untuk dapat tetap menjaga kelestariannya sebagai salah satu sumber tata kehidupan bermasyarakat dan kemungkinan perwujudannya dalam peraturan perundang-undangan daerah. Hukum Adat yang berlaku di dalam kehidupan masyarakat Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan, khususnya di Kabupaten Maros dan Gowa, banyak didasari oleh agama yang dianut yaitu agama Islam. Namun demikian, norma-norma Adat tetap memiliki peranan penting pula dalam menyelaraskan kehidupan masyarakatnya.
Analisis Laporan Keuangan
Authors: R Nurul Zahra Zahirah
Published: December 2021

Tugas Kewiruasahaan XV
HUKUM POSITIF MASA KINI TEMPATNYA DALAM ADAT PERKAWINAN TORAJA SA’DAN
Authors: SOLIHIN SHINTA
Published: December 2021

Pada dasarnya, adat suku bangsa Indonesia bertolak dari anggota masyarakat bahwa perkawinan adalah suatu ikatan yang sakral dan merupakan salah satu karunia Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang tidak bisa di hindari oleh umat manusia. Pernikahan bukan hanya sekedar ikatan antara dua insan yang berbeda yaitu laki-laki dan perempuan tetapi juga merupakan proses penyatuan dua keluarga
Melihat Tiongkok dalam Pembentukan ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA)
Authors: Luerdi Luerdi
Published: December 2021

Luerdi, L. (2014). Melihat Tiongkok dalam Pembentukan ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA). Diskusi perkuliahan pada Program Studi Ilmu Politik Pascasarjana Universitas Riau (2013-2014).
Hakikat Perkawinan Adat Menurut Undang - Undang Perkawinan
Authors: shabir muhammad agung
Published: December 2021

Menurut UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga atau rumah tangga yang bahagia dan kekal berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Setiap perkawinan tidak hanya didasarkan kepada kebutuhan biologis antara pria dan wanita yang diakui sah, melainkan sebagai pelaksana proses kodrat hidup manusia. Demikian juga dalam hukum perkawinan Islam mengandung unsur-unsur pokok yang bersifat kejiwaan dan kerohanian meliputi kehidupan lahir batin, kemanusiaan dan kebenaran.
Kütüphanecilik ve bilgibilim araştırmalarının alt konu alanlarına dağılımı ve alt alanların atıf potansiyelleri üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: Taskin Zehra
Published: December 2021

Günümüzde araştırma performans değerlendirmeleri sıklıkla sayısal kriterlere dayanmaktadır. Ancak bu sayısal kriterler belirlenirken disiplinler ve bu disiplinlerin alt alanlarının özellikleri sıklıkla gözden kaçırılmaktadır. Tüm araştırmacıların/araştırma alanlarının eşit olduğu varsayımını da beraberinde getiren bu yaklaşım aynı disiplin içinde sayısal olarak avantajlı veya dezavantajlı araştırma alanları yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de yürütülen kütüphanecilik ve bilgibilim araştırmalarının alt konu kategorilerini iki köklü kütüphanecilik dergisinde (Türk Kütüphaneciliği ve Bilgi Dünyası) yayımlanmış makalelere ilişkin veriler kullanılarak sosyal ağ analizi yöntemiyle belirlemek ve her bir alt alanın özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmaktır . Bu amaçla 520 araştırma makalesi ile bu makalelerin atıf yaptığı 16.750 kaynak detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Sosyal ağ analizini gerçekleştirmek üzere görselleştirme aracı olarak VOSviewer, istatistik yazılımı olarak ise R Commander programından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, Türkçe kütüphanecilik ve bilgibilim literatüründe dünya literatürüne paralel olarak dokuz farklı alt konuda araştırmalar yürütülmektedir. Alt konu kategorisi ile yayın için seçilen dergi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bunun yanında yayın yapılan alt konu kategorisi ile yayının aldığı atıf sayısı arasında da ilişki saptanmıştır. Son olarak, alt konu kategorilerine göre atıf yapılan kaynak türlerinin farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar yalnızca araştırma performans değerlendirmelerini iyileştirmeye yönelik olarak değil, kütüphanecilik ve bilgibilim alanında hizmet tasarlama aşamasında da kaynak olarak kullanılabilir.
SISTEM PEWARISAN KEKERABATAN PARENTAL DALAM HUKUM ADAT SUKU BUGIS
Authors: Syaiful Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Suku Bugis adalah salah satu etnik di Indonesia yang sebagian besar masyarakatnya berada di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang mendiami beberapa wilayah seperti Kabupaten Wajo, Bone, Luwu, Soppeng, Sidrap, Pinrang, Parepare, Barru. Akan tetapi karena adanya pernikahan menyebabkan adanya pertalian darah dengan Makassar dan Mandar. Daerah peralihan antara Bugis dengan Makassar adalah Maros, Pangkep, Sinjai, Bulukumba. Dan peralihan antara Bugis dengan Mandar ialah Polman serta Pinrang. Di dalam masyarakat suku Bugis menganut sistem pewarisan kekerabatan Parental yakni menarik garis keturunan dari kedua belah pihak orang tua, baik dari garis bapak maupun ibu.
COFCOE: Continuous Oral Feedback Continuous Oral Evaluation for Continuous Active Learning in Outcome Based Education, Teaching, Learning and Evaluation (OBTLE)
Authors: Mukherjee Debaprasad , Thakur Gour Sundar Mitra
Published: December 2021

A new and extremely effective teaching-learning-assessment methodology is introduced for continuous active learning in outcome based education (Teaching, Learning and Evaluation-OBTLE). This method addresses the modern methods of education like personalized learning, participatory learning, peer evaluation, revised Bloom's Taxonomy, and all graduate Attributes including the corresponding competencies and performance indicators. Most importantly this method encourages socratic questioning which facilitates inquiry based learning, which is being projected as the future of learning in any context. The method may be extremely useful to identify and take remedial measures for students who may need additional attention from teachers.
Tobacco/Nicotine Use Among Individuals Using Cannabis for Therapeutic Purposes
Authors: Steinberg Marc L , Rosen Rachel L. , Billingsley Benjamin , Shah Drashya , Bender Michele , Shargo Kyra , Aamir Affan , Bridgeman Mary Barna
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE: While the relationship between recreational cannabis and nicotine use is well established, little is known about nicotine use among users of cannabis for therapeutic purposes (CTP). METHOD: Patients attending a medical marijuana dispensary (N = 697; 75.3% White; 60.0% male) completed a survey examining nicotine use, routes of administration of nicotine and cannabis, and CTP qualifying conditions. RESULTS: More than one-third (39.3%) of participants reported current nicotine use. Compared to exclusive cigarette smokers, non-users of nicotine, and e-cigarette users were approximately four times more likely to vape, rather than to smoke, cannabis. Almost a third of those reporting e-cigarette use (30.6%) and more than half (56.7%) of those reporting smoking cigarettes reported stopping for one day or longer in the past year because they were trying to quit. Furthermore, 46.8% of cigarette smokers reported plans to quit smoking in the next six months (but not in the next month) and an additional 31.6% planned to quit in the next month. Having a psychiatric condition was associated with nicotine use and higher motivation to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Users of CTP are more likely to use nicotine products than the general population. Importantly, the route of administration of nicotine products is related to the route of administration of CTP. If aerosolized (vaped) CTP is a less harmful route of administration than smoked CTP, dispensary staff should be aware of this relationship and take this into account when recommending a non-combustible route.
Bridging the Digital Divide in the Changing Times: Application of A5 Solutions
Authors: Panda Subhajit , Chakravarty Rupak
Published: December 2021

Disasters, either natural and man-made, adversely affect humanity including human lives and, the knowledge creation, as a standard of the progress of civilization. The development of education of a country depends upon the present economics, academic structure, research facilities, health issues and involvement of government ministry. The outbreak of present pandemic Coronavirus (official designation COVID-19 or 2019-nCov) has a clear negative impact on academic and research activities. It creates a global threat and people keep themselves at home to maintain social distancing for reducing the outbreak of community transmission. This COVID-19 epidemic is neither the first and confidently nor the last epidemic that will pose a threat to the conventional education system. Both the effects of education i.e. direct and indirect effects are a subject risk to such pandemic and other disaster vulnerability. Instead, efforts should be made to find measures which can ensure the continuation of the education system for posterity. This requirement of an alternate way of learning proves us for the transformation of the learning process from conventional to digital. The primary requirement of this transformation is the availability of a sophisticated and multitasking platform for online learning, which conforms A5 solutions. This A5 implies the 5A’s of access, i.e. Availability, Adequacy, Accessibility, Affordability and Appropriateness; which bridges the digital divide by ensuring the equal access of web for all. In this paper, the authors have discussed the tool FCC (Free Conference Call), after evaluation and comparison which can use by learners and educators as an alternative solution of the physical classroom. This is a dissemination or sharing platform and most versatile and comprehensive free web-conferencing solution which can be used by academic institutions and educators for online classes. In addition, this paper also go through the comparative study of FCC and other known web conferencing tools to clarify the judgement of its acceptance.
From Cyberpunk to Cramped Dweller: The Peculiar History of Hong Kong ‘Heterotopias’
Authors: McCoy Daniel
Published: December 2021

75.6% of land comprising Hong Kong remains undeveloped according to the special administrative region’s planning department. In turn, Hong Kong’s constricted real estate, now estimated to be the world’s costliest, has created eye-popping living arrangements historically and contemporarily. Denizens’ colorful reputation and imagination for flouting city ordinances, zoning laws, and spatial management stand emblematic of tenacious self-sufficiency and a free-spirited brand of runaway capitalist initiative. Why is this conspicuous trademark of Hong Kong’s societal fabric very much alive in the 21st Century? Why does this matter in a rapidly urbanizing world witnessing the ascension of mega-urban centers alongside ever-widening socioeconomic chasms? This paper intends to illuminate the peculiar origins and longevity of the Kowloon Walled City, an urban monolith of notoriety and autonomy that blossomed in a semi-legal grey zone unencumbered under British protectorate rule for nearly a century. Parallels will connect the linear trajectory between Kowloon’s hardnosed living to today’s comparable Chungking Mansions and the hundreds of thousands of cage homes appearing in all corners of the city. This paper aims to answer why these residential paradoxes continue to function with efficiency and relevancy, posing solutions for indigent housing while exacerbating the stigma of social and economic ostracism.
Decades of Solar-driven geomagnetic disturbances impact homicide rates in Europe and the USA
Authors: Behrens Alfredo , Beltrão Kaizô , d'Almeida Agostinho Leite
Published: December 2021

Background: Homicides are the leading cause of death among young males. Conventional approaches to interpreting variations in criminality over time and across countries have failed to explain it.Methods: We applied ordinary least squared regressions on yearly homicide rates to identify the planetary drivers for homicides in Germany, the UK, and the USA over the past three solar cycles (22 to 24) between 1987 and 2018. We used the number of sunspots (solar activity), Kp and Ap indices (geomagnetic activity) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the German Research Centre for Geosciences DFZ-Potsdam, and weather variables from the countries’ meteorological organizations. Results: Our study revealed that lagged Kp NOAA index as a parameter of solar-driven geomagnetic disturbances (GMD) was the most important predictor to explain homicide rates in all three countries. Our results showed that over half the variance in homicide rates of all three countries could be attributed to GMD, not so by weather variables. We also predicted homicide rates peaking for 2025 and 2026 during the current 25th solar cycle, suggesting the current solar cycle could prove to be one of the most intense in a century, which would signal a concomitant increase in homicide rates. Based on the Italian experience in curbing homicides, we also suggest that collective agency may break what appears to be a deadly association between GMD and homicides.Conclusions: Our study suggests GMD may be involved in shaping human behavior and may help public and medical authorities prepare for eventual surges in homicides as the 25th solar cycle may induce stronger GMD.
Firms and the Intergenerational Transmission of Labor Market Advantage
Authors: Engzell Per , Wilmers Nathan
Published: December 2021

Pay inequality stems both from firm pay-setting and from workers' individual characteristics. Yet, intergenerational mobility research focuses on transmission of individual traits, and has failed to test how firms shape the inheritance of inequality. We study this question using three decades of Swedish population register data, and decompose the intergenerational earnings correlation into firm pay premiums and worker effects. One quarter of the intergenerational earnings correlation at midlife is explained by sorting between firms with unequal pay. Employer or industry inheritance account for a small share of this firm-based earnings transmission. Instead, high-education and high-occupation workers disproportionately land at high-paying firms. Parental referral networks and the inheritance of industry and labor market context play a supplementary role. As workers with high-education or high-status jobs are increasingly also employed at high paying firms, firm sorting could become increasingly important to intergenerational earnings transmission.
Generation, characterization, and environmental implications of solid waste and its management in the Everest region
Authors: Bajracharya Sambuddha , Ghimire Anish , Dangi Mohan Bahadur
Published: December 2021

Managing solid waste is becoming a rather challenging task in remote areas, including the Mt. Everest region in Nepal, due to its cold climate, complex topography, and extreme environmental factors. Using published and unpublished literature and personal communications to key informants, this paper analyzes the situation of solid waste management in the Everest region as it relates to increasing tourism and possible environmental implications in the region. The study revealed that combined efforts from people of all levels associated with the mountain region would create a circular waste management system. The paper also reports the existing practices and planned activities for the essential process such as source segregation of waste, collection, use of material recovery facility, and recycling which could lead to sustainable solid waste management in the Everest region and beyond with similar context.
Status and future pathways of resin tapping in Nepal: Appeal for special attention
Authors: Thapa Chhetri Vivek , Timilsina Sachin
Published: December 2021

Resin tapping was pioneered five decades ago since the Laxmi Tapping industry started tapping in western Nepal in 1973. Resin tapping is acknowledged as a cost-effective, viable, and adjuvant source of income for rural people with the potentiality for payment for ecosystem services (PES) outside the resin tapping period. This paper explores the SWOT analysis of resin tapping and future pathways to improve this enterprise in Nepal. The systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus; and PRISMA flowchart summarizes the search strategy of the literature survey. SWOT analysis concludes that resin tapping has more strengths and opportunities, but this enterprise is currently under threat due to the shutting down of many resin enterprises with royalty hikes and no incentive. Poor tapping techniques lead to the depletion of pine resources in the long term, so the weakness of the rill method should be counteracted by the modern, cost-effective, more efficient borehole method practiced in many developed countries for resin production. Implementation of the proper policy framework, provision of incentives for enterprise, and sufficient research to create a knowledge base about resin tapping is an urgent need to minimize threats and pedal this enterprise in the right direction. We insist policymakers and stakeholders adopt the integrated forest-based enterprise approach for enabling environment in resin tapping and recommend nine promising value chain upgrading strategies as pragmatic endorsements to execute this enterprise in the long run.
Factors Associated With Work-Life Balance of Working Fathers Involved in Small Business Enterprises: Evidence from Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Shakya Rocky Mani , Devkota Niranjan , Paudel Udaya Raj , Parajuli Seeprata
Published: December 2021

Background: Work-life balance (WLB) can be considered as the systematic management of three important components like work-life conflict, work-life interference and work-life convergence.

Objective: This study tries to examine the work-life balance of the working fathers involved in small business enterprises in Kathmandu valley.

Method: Both descriptive and inferential analysis is used in the study which showed various results. The study adopted the descriptive approach. Respondents were sampled from working fathers in small business enterprises in Kathmandu valley. Non probability sampling technique was used to select 405 respondents. The questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Result: The study found that age, education level, business trainings and income level has positive significant relationship with work-life balance. The finding of this study shows that satisfaction and motivation towards working fathers is important factors for balancing the work-life and family life.

 Conclusion and Recommendation: The paper recommends that there should be inclusive climate in the workplace and policies supporting work-life balance should be forwarded.
Relationship between Macroeconomic Policy and Long-Run Economic Growth of Nepal
Authors: Khanal Mohan
Published: December 2021

Background: The paper is an attempt to find the long-run relationship between macroeconomic variables and economic growth in Nepal. The variables in the study are run across the Cobb-Douglas production model.

Objective: This paper examines the relationship between Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Population, Trade openness, Money Supply and GDP growth economic growth in Nepal.

Method: The ARDL bound test and Error Correction model incorporated in the study to examine the long-run relationship among macroeconomic variables.

Conclusion: Based on the Bound Test of F-statistics the Cointegration Result exists among the variable and ARDL (1,1,1,1,1) relation is estimated.

Implications: Since the study has found the existence of a cointegration relationship on the variables of the study and the long-term relationship among economic growth is significant with GFCF. The policy should be targeted at investment growth in Nepal.
Does the Ideology of the Melting Pot Have a Future? Russian American and Russian Israeli Fiction of the 21st Century: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Aptekman Marina
Published: December 2021

Artykuł zawiera porównanie koncepcji twórczych amerykańskich i izraelskich pisarzy rosyjskojęzycznych. Jego autorka poddaje analizie hybrydyczność egzystencji twórcy poza krajem urodzenia. Chociaż literatura amerykańska tworzona przez imigrantów z byłego ZSRR w pierwszej dekadzie obecnego wieku zasadza się na odrzuceniu przez twórców wszelkich definicji klasyfikujących i istnieniu w przestrzeni pośredniej, to skierowana jest do czytelników anglojęzycznych. Tymczasem rosyjskojęzyczni pisarze Izraela chociaż akcentują swoją społeczną przynależność do tego kraju, to kierują swoją twórczość do czytelnika rosyjskojęzycznego, mieszkańca zarówno rosyjskojęzycznej diaspory, jak i Federacji Rosyjskiej. Zaledwie niewielka część rosyjskojęzycznych twórców izraelskich, którzy przedkładają odbiorców hebrajskojęzycznych nad rosyjskojęzycznych, buduje swoją narrację na tych samych zasadach nieprzynależności, co rosyjskojęzyczni autorzy w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Autorka artykułu przekonuje, że w przeciwieństwie do forowanej w XX wieku koncepcji „tygla narodów”, w czasach współczesnych o sukcesie prozy imigrantów decydują teksty korzystające z literacko-kulturowej hybrydyczności.
Screening the Conflict, Reaping the Benefits: Yana’s Friends and the Politics of Representation of Russian-Speaking Jews in Israeli Cinema
Authors: Moshkin Alex
Published: December 2021

W wyniku powszechnej fali imigracji, zapoczątkowanej w roku 1989, około miliona Żydów radzieckich trafiło do Izraela. Doświadczenie przesiedleń dla większości repatriantów naznaczone zostało napięciem pomiędzy potrzebą asymilacji w nowych warunkach kulturowych, a chęcią zachowania „rosyjskiej” tożsamości kulturowej. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje politykę (auto)reprezentacji radzieckich imigrantów w Izraelu na przykładzie filmu Arika Kapłuna Przyjaciele Jany (1999), który wyznaczył nową granicę w kinie rosyjsko-izraelskim. W przeciwieństwie do wcześniejszych filmów tworzonych w Izraelu przez filmowców z byłego ZSRR, w których doświadczenie przesiedlenia z reguły nacechowane było nostalgią, poczuciem utraty I podwójnej alienacji, Kapłun w przedstawianiu tożsamości rosyjsko-żydowskiej rezygnuje z nostalgii za radziecką przeszłością i kultywowania rosyjsko-żydowskiej niepowtarzalności. Chociaż bohaterowie filmu starannie i z pietyzmem zachowują niektóre aspekty kultury rosyjskiej (muzyka, sztuka, kulinaria), to łatwo rozstają się z innymi (akcent, alkoholizm, język rosyjski i radzieckie wzorce męskości). Analiza filmu ujawnia zmiany w strategiach autopozycjonowania tożsamości rosyjsko-żydowskiej w kontekście wielokulturowego Izraela.
Wzajemne przenikanie się dialektyki historii Żydów Szymona Dubnowa i dialektyki rewolucji Nikołaja Bierdiajewa
Authors: Krosny Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

The article attempts to combine the dialectics of Simon Dubnow, one of the founders of the modern historiography of the Jewish nation, with the dialectics of the revolution by the Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev. It presents the way the community, and then the Jewish nation underwent from aversion through emancipation and assimilation to hatred that led to the Holocaust. The juxtaposition of the two dialectics allows us to look at the common history of Judaism and Christianity through the prism of a representative of the Jewish minority — Dubnow, and the Christian majority, one of the founders of the religious renaissance during Stalinism — Berdyaev.
Wymiary emigracji — Rosja, Europa, Izrael (Eretz-Israel and the Russian Émigrés in Europe: Contacts, Connections, Communications, Interactions (1919–1939) pod redakcją V. Khazana, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 2019)
Authors: Łaniewski Paweł
Published: December 2021

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Habeas corpus w Polsce oraz w niektórych państwach kręgu common law. Analiza prawnoporównawcza
Authors: Krawczyk Przemysław , Łukowiak Bartosz
Published: December 2021

In their article, Przemysław Krawczyk and Bartosz Łukowiak discuss the issue of the habeas corpus procedure. On the basis of a comparative legal analysis, they present a model of the functioning of this institution in Poland and in selected countries whose legal code is based on common law. Krawczyk and Łukowiak discuss in detail, among other things, the scope and the subject matter of this mode and the catalogue of guarantees associated with it. Their research has made it possible to compare the most important similarities and differences in the functioning of the habeas corpus privilege in the Polish legal code and in common law. This, in turn, has allowed them to assess the accuracy of some of the solutions known to the Polish criminal procedural law. This article contains extensive references to the views expressed on this mode both in the Polish and the Anglo-Saxon doctrine of the procedural criminal law and to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the United States Supreme Court.
Nielegalność uzyskania dowodów w polskim procesie karnym. Zagadnienia definicyjne
Authors: Golińska Laura
Published: December 2021

Artykuł jest poświęcony zagadnieniom terminologicznym dotyczącym jednego z bardziej kontrowersyjnych i budzących niemałe zainteresowanie doktryny problemów na gruncie polskiego procesu karnego. Autorka prezentuje fundamentalne ustalenia definicyjne odnoszące się do pojęć, takich jak: ,,dowód nielegalny”, ,,uzyskanie dowodów nielegalnych”, ,,dowód bezpośrednio nielegalny” oraz ,,dowód pośrednio nielegalny”, bazując na rozmaitych poglądach doktryny karnoprocesowej. Rozróżniając dowody bezpośrednio nielegalne od pośrednio nielegalnych, opowiada się za koniecznością rzetelnego zdefiniowania omawianych zagadnień, co argumentuje obecnym kształtem regulacji art. 168a k.p.k. W rezultacie, na podstawie przyjętych definicji dwóch kategorii dowodów nielegalnych, precyzuje, która z nich może obecnie być podstawą dokonywania ustaleń faktycznych, a która stanowi nadal pole do rozważań.
The identity parade – through the eyes of the defence counsel
Authors: Fenyvesi Csaba
Published: December 2021

A few Hungarian cases of justice miscarriage demonstrate that the identity parade (line up) method in the criminal procedure could be a “dangerous act”, because the witnesses sometimes give false testimonies, make wrong choices, the authority sometimes fails the recognition process, and lastly the “result” could be a “justizmord”. Based on scientific research, the present study reveals the most frequent criminal procedural and criminalistic wrongdoings. It also focuses on preventing legal and criminal tactical possibilities and suggestions. It can be read mostly from the defence counsel’s point of view. The author declares the lawyers’ legal and factual tasks in this field, especially for preventing wrongful sentences. This is the duty of all legal representatives (detectives, prosecutors, judges) as well.
Granice ingerencji w prawo do prywatności w procesie zwalczania przestępczości oraz zapobiegania jej skutkom
Authors: Ryter Erwin , Ryter Justyna
Published: December 2021

In their article, Erwin Ryter and Justyna Ryter make an attempt to answer the following questions: What may be the farthest limit of tolerance towards public authorities’ interference with a person’s right to privacy in the context of fight against crime as well as the performance of necessary and purposeful procedural actions? Can both the procedural objective and the fact of the violation of the right to privacy of the suspect justify direct or indirect interference with the privacy of persons from the suspect’s social environment, even if that interference is a side effect of actions taken against the offender? The authors of this article also raise the issue of privacy violations in relation to various forms of monitoring of persons who are of interest to the authorities conducting the proceedings. In particular, these proceedings may involve keeping various types of registers containing the data of offender, using classified eavesdropping on them, observing their whereabouts, and disclosing their personal data.
Obrazy protestu w twórczości Aleksieja Polarinowa
Authors: Stryjakowska Anna
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem analizy w artykule są obrazy protestu przeciwko autorytarnym formom sprawowania władzy w prozie Aleksieja Polarinowa, rozpatrywane z perspektywy zwrotu etyczno-politycznego oraz antropologicznego. O ile w powieści Центр тяжести zagadnienie protestu jest silnie osadzone w realiach społeczno-politycznych współczesnej Rosji, o tyle utwór Риф daje ogólny wgląd w psychologiczne czynniki uległości wobec despotycznych jednostek. Badania przywiodły do wniosku, iż w świetle omawianej twórczości motorem zmiany społecznej może być jedynie całościowa walka z problemem inercji.
Underlying causes of persistent pneumonia in children at the Intensive Care Unit,Vietnam National Children’s Hospital
Authors:   Hanoi Medical University, Hoang Kim Lam , Ta Anh Tuan ,   Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Nguyen Thi Hong Yen ,   Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Pham Thu Nga ,   Hanoi Medical University, Pham Van Thang ,   Hanoi Medical University
Published: December 2021

The study describes underlying causes of children with severe persistent pneumonia (sPP) admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Vietnam National Children’s Hospital. In the prospective and descriptive study, all patients classified as sPP (pneumonia persisting for 30 days or more, despite receiving antibiotics for a minimum period of 10 days), admitted to ICU, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital from November 2019 to August 2020 were recruited. Patients were divided into groups based on having a recurrent lesion in the same lobe or lesion in multiple lobes before undergoing several investigational tests to identify the underlying causes. 82 patients with sPP accounted for 21.9% of children admitted to ICU due to pneumonia and 10.6% of total patients at ICU. Underlying causes were diagnosed in 82.9% of sPP children, with the most common causes are abnormalities in respiratory (19.5%), immune disorders (18.3%), congenital heart diseases (17.1%). Underlying causes couldn’t be identified in 17.1% of the patients, among whom necrotizing pneumonia or lung abscess account for 50%, ARDS 21.4%, and tuberculosis 14.3%. Local and recurrent x-ray lesions in one lung lobe accounted for 22%.
Comparison of GEOBIA classification algorithms based on Worldview-3 imagery in the extraction of coastal coniferous forest
Authors: Panđa Lovre , Milošević Rina , Šiljeg Silvija , Domazetović Fran , Marić Ivan , Šiljeg Ante
Published: December 2021

Šume primorskih četinjača, sa svojom ekološkom, ekonomskom, estetskom i društvenom funkcijom, predstavljaju važan dio europskih šumskih zajednica. Osnovni cilj ovoga rada je usporediti najkorištenije GEOBIA (engl. Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis) klasifikacijske algoritme (engl. Random Trees – RT, Maximum Likelihood – ML, Support Vector Machine – SVM) s ciljem izdvajanja šuma primorskih četinjača na visoko-rezolucijskom WorldView-3 snimku unutar topografskog slijevnog područja naselja Split. Metodološki okvir istraživanja uključuje (1) izvođenje izoštrenog multispektralnog snimka (WV-3MS-a); (2) testiranje segmentacijskih korisničko-definiranih parametara; (3) dodavanje testnih uzoraka; (4) klasifikaciju segmentiranog modela; (5) procjenu točnosti klasifikacijskih algoritama, te (6) procjenu točnosti završnog modela. RT se prema korištenim pokazateljima (correctness – COR, completeness – COM i overall quality – OQ) pokazao kao najbolji algoritam. Iterativno postavljanje segmentacijskih parametara omogućilo je detekciju najprikladnijih vrijednosti za generiranje segmentacijskog modela. Utvrđeno je da sjene mogu uzrokovati značajne probleme ako se klasificiranje vrši na visoko-rezolucijskim snimkama. Modificiranim Cohen’s kappa coefficient (K) pokazateljem izračunata je točnost konačnog modela od 87,38%. WV-3MS se može smatrati kvalitetnim podatkom za detekciju šuma primorskih četinjača primjenom GEOBIA metode.
Winter wheat septoria blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) (literature review)
Authors: Kononenko О. S. , Shishkin N. V. , Derova T. G.
Published: December 2021

In the Southern Federal District, winter wheat is a main food crop. One of the most important factors that can destabilize gross grain yields and reduce grain crop productivity are parasitic organisms. One of the most common wheat diseases is septoria blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici). The purpose of the current study was to analyze the biological cycle of distribution, harmfulness, measures to combat septoria blotch on winter wheat. The paper has considered the importance of winter wheat septoria disease in various countries and in Russia. There was noted a leading position in distribution and harmfulness of the disease, and according to the results of study conducted by Russian and foreign researchers, it was found that this pathogen was inferior in importance only to wheat rust. There were presented three types of septoria blotch pathogens and there was established a dominant type in the Southern Federal District. Yield losses caused by septoria blotch can reach upto 30-40%, and the optimal temperature for its development and spread is from 5 to 20°C, with frequent precipitation. There have been given the technological methods under which the crop damage by pathogens increased. There have been presented the measures to combat septoria blotch and there has been described the most effective, economical and environmentally friendly method, namely the development of resistant varieties and their introduction into production. There has been considered qualitative and quantitative resistance of varieties. Currently there have been identified 21 major septoria blotch resistance genes. There has been considered longevity of stb-genes and the reasons for its loss. It has been established that the development of winter wheat varieties resistant to septoria blotch is a priority issue of breeding, since this control measure reduces yield losses and potential reserve of the pathogen in the agrocenosis.