bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The comparison factors between science and religion based on philosophy science: An exploratory literature study
Authors: Trisliatanto Dimas Agung , Nurdianto Arif Rahman , Iswati Sri , Suaedi Falih , Arbay Evi Aryati , Tasențe Tănase , Fahreza Andre , Putri Nurwiyanto Nova Sabrina
Published: February 2021

There is in religion that cannot be answered with the philosophy and science of knowledge but can only be answered by spiritual experience. Religion, philosophy, and science each exist in a separate space but must be integrated into human life. There are three things that become tools for humans to seek the truth, namely philosophy, science, and religion. Even though the purpose of these three aspects is to find the truth, they cannot be categorized as the same thing. This study aimed to identifying the comparison factors between science and religion based on philosophy science. The method used a qualitative approach with exploratory literature study. The results of this study concluded that between science and religion based on philosophy science had a very strong relationship, but there were several factors that differentiate between one another. Although religion and science both design and prepared the future of mankind, religion design was further, abstract, and gave peace of life after death, while science and technology were shorter and more concrete designs to faced life in this world. Science talked about knowledge, while religion defined about belief.
Management of Avabahuka (Frozen Shoulder) with Ayurveda Therapeutic Regimen
Authors: Sharma Savita , Bhagat Pradnya J , Reddy R Govind
Published: February 2021

Avabahuka (frozen shoulder) is a type of Vata Vyadhi caused by vitiated Vata Dosha with Anubhandha of Kapha Dosha. The symptoms of Avabahuka can be corelated with the symptoms of adhesive capsulitis, which is commonly known as frozen shoulder. Being a disease of shoulder joint, which has the greatest range of motion, it seriously affects the routine day to day activities. A 47-year-old female presented to the OPD of Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Mother and Child Health (RARIMCH), Nagpur, Maharashtra, with pain and restricted movement in the right shoulder since 6 months, having undergone conventional treatment without any significant improvement. As Amsa-Sandhi (shoulder joint) is a seat of Kapha Dosha and considering Vata-Kapha Dushti in Avabahuka, the Vata-Kapha pacifying management was planned for the present case. Comprehensive Ayurvedic modalities, consisting of Balataila Snehana, Sarvanga Bashpa Swedana, Patrapinda Sweda, and Anutaila Nasya along with Mahayograja Guggulu and Maharasnadi Kwatha, were administered for 2 months. The range of movements improved gradually from 50° to 100° for abduction, 70° to 110° for flexion, and 15° to 50° for extension. VAS score for pain in the right shoulder was 7 before treatment, which came down to 4 after first course of treatment regimen and gradually to 3 after completion of the treatment.
Clinical Evaluation of Upanaha with Vachadi Churna in the Management of Osteoarthritis Knee
Authors: Makhija Deepa , Deep VC , Mata Sunita , Sharma Ramavtar , Shankar KM Pratap , Charde Vaibhav A , Singhal Richa , Rana Rakesh , Kumar Adarsh , Gupta Bharti , Srikanth N
Published: February 2021

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and is the commonest form of arthritis. It is the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. Most of this disability burden is attributable to the involvement of the hips or the knee.

Objectives:

To assess the clinical efficacy of Upanaha with Vachadi Churna in the management of OA knee concerning pain and stiffness of joints.

Materials and methods:

It was an open-label, multicentric, single-arm, prospective, clinical study. Sixty subjects of primary OA knee aged between 35 years and 65 years fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) for OA knee and showing radiological changes of OA knee were enrolled in the study. Upanaha with Vachadi Churna was done over the affected knee for 14 days. The primary outcome was to see any change in pain and stiffness of joints which was assessed on the visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The assessment was done on the 7th and 14th day and 1 week after completion of therapy, i.e., 21st day.

Results:

The mean pain score as assessed by VAS, reduced significantly from 64.48 at baseline to 31.95 at the end of the treatment period of 14 days (p value < 0.001). The mean stiffness score assessed on VAS also reduced significantly from 39.68 at baseline to 16.0 after 14 days (p value < 0.001). Significant change in total WOMAC score was also observed, which reduced from mean baseline score of 48.02 to 26.98 till the end of the intervention period of 14 days (p value < 0.001). Significant improvement in cardinal features of osteoarthritis was also observed after completion of therapy.

Conclusion:

This study substantiates the efficacy of Upanaha with Vachadi Churna in the management of OA knee.
Volume 14, Number 3
Authors: Disaster Medicine American Journal Of
Published: February 2021

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The Early Visigothic Presence in Southeastern Hispania
Authors: Vizcaíno Sánchez Jaime , García Blánquez Luis Alberto
Published: February 2021

This chapter analyses some aspects of the late antique occupation of ‘Senda
de Granada’, a rural settlement in Murcia. In the late fifth century, after
they arrived in Hispania, the Visigoths attempted to assimilate Roman
culture. Archaeological research has revealed the possibility of a religious
building, with a well-defined funerary enclosure. Grave goods, mainly
dress accessories, from the burial and a nearby dump, are decorated
with the cloisonné technique. The presence of such items was previously
unknown in southeastern Carthaginiensis. These finds and, more widely,
the resulting settlement pattern, are evaluated and will be used as a
blueprint for the examination of early Visigothic presence in the region.
The Visigothic Kingdom – A Kingdom without Visigoths?
Authors: Eger Christoph
Published: February 2021

The years 507 and 711 frame the period of the Spanish Visigothic kingdom,
although the history of the Visigoths in Spain dates back to the fifth
century. The political history of the Visigoths in Spain is well known from
the fifth century onwards, but we know much less from written sources
about the history of the population and the settlement process. By the
1920s and 30s, researchers had already interpreted several late antique
necropolises as Visigothic because they contained grave goods deposited
in a specific form that distinguished them from native tombs. However, in
the last twenty years, critics have taken aim at the interpretive model used.
In a Savage Kingdom (regnum efferum)?
Authors: Ortega Ortega Julián M.
Published: February 2021

The Umayyad conquest of the Iberian Peninsula is an event fundamental
to understanding the history of Islam and southern Europe. Despite
its historical significance and the controversies that its interpretation
has generated, archaeology has contributed little to its elucidation. A
review of the material testimony associated with this event from a critical
perspective attentive to the novelties that have occurred in the field of
archaeology addresses issues left by military operations, the implementation
of the new administrative apparatus, the migration process of Arab
and Berber contingents, and, especially, the technological, social, and
cultural transformations that triggered these events in successive decades.
On Sanctions and China
Authors: Poh Angela
Published: February 2021

Chapter 2 clarifies the definition of sanctions and draws on the existing
international relations literature to discuss four different expectations that
speak to the central puzzle of this book. These expectations are based on
structural, domestic, and cultural factors: China was simply ‘not yet powerful
enough’ to employ sanctions in a wholehearted manner; the Chinese political
leadership may have at times been constrained by its domestic actors; China’s
participation in international institutions shaped its sanctions behaviour;
and the Chinese political elite may have inherited certain predispositions
that led them to favour the use of ‘carrots’, like economic inducements, over
‘sticks’, such as punitive sanctions. It finds that none of these explanations
provide a wholly satisfactory answer to the puzzle.
Demystifying China’s Sanctions Behaviour
Authors: Poh Angela
Published: February 2021

Chapter 7 examines which of the five competing hypotheses as detailed
in Chapters 2 and 3 best explains China’s puzzling sanctions behaviour.
It finds that China’s longstanding rhetoric against the use of unilateral
sanctions had resulted in China not being able to openly threaten or admit
to the use of such economic tools in its pursuit of political goals. China’s use
of unilateral sanctions under the period of examination (if at all present)
was therefore ambiguous and unofficial, targeted at narrowly specific
sectors, and limited in scope. Furthermore, China found itself having to
withdraw or further reduce the extent of sanctions when other parties
used rhetorical action such as shaming or flattery to draw international
attention to China’s behaviour.
Mongolia’s Cell Phone Referendum
Authors: Hahn Allison Hailey
Published: February 2021

The Mongolian government has used ICT infrastructures to encourage democratic deliberation and decision-making, even among the most rural herders. This chapter focuses on the 2015 cell phone referendum in which each SIM card owner was given one vote in a national referendum on mining policy. While the referendum was widely regarded as a flop due to low voter turnout, this chapter argues that the referendum established the expectation among Mongolian herders that their government can and should reach out to even the most remote herders for feedback on national policy.
Sámi Protests to Preserve the Arctic
Authors: Hahn Allison Hailey
Published: February 2021

The Sámi of Finland, Norway, and Sweden have turned to online petitions, protests, and campaigns as a way to fight against deep-sea drilling, oil extraction, and railway development. The Sámi’s protests are made difficult because on paper these seem like ecologically sound developments, but in reality they damage the pastures and herds in the region. Through Twitter and YouTube, the Sámi have launched a diversity of campaigns to maintain and reclaim their rights. This chapter also examines the role of international agreements for a transnational herding community.
Towards the Great Divide
Authors: Carey Peter
Published: February 2021

In the two decades from the coming of Marshal Daendels (1808-1811) to the
Java War (1825-1830) Javanese society was turned on its head. New concepts
of honour, status and racial superiority were introduced from a Europe
transformed by the industrial and political revolutions. Military uniforms
were now used to demarcate rank and status, service to the colonial state
transcending nobility of birth. Through despoliation and military violence
the indigenous courts of south-central Java were eviscerated while racial
tensions led to an anti-Chinese pogrom which started the Java War. Two
contemporary wartime diaries, both written by Belgians, illustrate the
racialized world of the Netherlands East Indies and the ways in which
colonial wars were conducted using native auxiliaries.
Piratical Headhunters yang semacam Melayu dan Cina
Authors: Tan Yvonne
Published: February 2021

The chapter looks at how the Mat Salleh Rebellion, led by a datu (chief) with
ties to the Sulu Sultanate, challenged the British North Borneo Company
and the manner in which indigenous resistance was conceptualized.
Despite the involvement of diverse communities in the rebellion, there
was a clear demarcation of those who were ‘in the likeness of a Malay’
or ‘in the likeness of a Chinese’, coastal or inland. Mat Salleh’s influence,
which was initially linked to outlawed Bajaos and Suluks, quickly grew and
rendered such demarcations irrelevant. Among those who joined him were
‘peace-loving’ Dusuns and the ‘martial races’ that made up the Company’s
constabulary – Dayaks fleeing the ‘war on piracy’ in Sarawak, Sikhs and
Pathans. Despite the fallibility of the Company’s racial logic, it continued
to frame the rebellion in racial terms, thereby shaping their response.
‘Smoked Yankees’, ‘Wild’ Catholics and the Newspaper ‘Lions’ of Manila
Authors: Shott Brian
Published: February 2021

When the United States declared war on Spain in 1898, American troops
battled Spanish forces in Cuba and across the Pacific in Spain’s longtime
colony, the Philippines. There, American troops initially fought alongside
Filipino rebels, but after the defeat of Spanish forces the United States annexed
the islands and fighting broke out between the rebels and their new
occupiers. American soldiers, including nearly 6,000 African Americans,
struggled to understand their adversaries, employing varied conceptual
frames that mixed scientific racism, the notion of Manifest Destiny, and
American exceptionalism and that encompassed long-standing fault lines
in American identity, including religion. The chapter draws material from
diaries of soldiers, black and ethnic newspaper presses, and diplomatic
sources to describe a potent but ephemeral mix of racialist thinking during
and immediately after the Philippine-American War.
Introduction
Authors: Noor Farish A. , Carey Peter
Published: February 2021

This collection of essays revisits the colonial wars that were fought
across Southeast Asia throughout the nineteenth century and studies
them through the lenses of racial difference as it was understood at the
time. The authors have chosen to bring to the fore the manner in which
understandings of racial identity and difference were instrumental in
the way in which the colonial powers viewed their local adversaries,
and argue that the wars that were fought during that century need to be
understood as race wars as well. In the course of these conflicts – some
small and some on a much larger scale – essentialised and reductive racial
identities were also being constructed; and in some instances borrowed
and internalised by the native Southeast Asian communities as well.
Great Expectations, Great Grievances: The Politics of Citizens' Complaints in India
Authors: Kruks-Wisner Gabrielle
Published: February 2021

To complain to and about government is an essential political act, with consequences for citizen-state relations. This article examines these dynamics in the policing sector, through a study of grievance redressal hearings in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The hearings provide
a critical channel to justice for some of the most marginalized, including women. However, most participants become less satisfied following their hearings, as initial hopes are dashed against the constraints of local policing. The study highlights the promise and limits of formal complaints
mechanisms, which can amplify citizens' voices but-when coupled with an expectations gap-can also deepen grievances. Complaining, I argue, is a powerful but at times paradoxical form of voice, conditioned by citizens' expectations and by state capacity.
La incidencia de las pandillas juveniles en la inseguridad de El Salvador
Authors: Cruz José Miguel
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 735, 2013: 469-473.
Niveles de empatía según la escala de Jefferson en estudiantes de Medicina, Enfermería y Odontología de Honduras
Authors: Rozengway Vijil Herman , García Reyes Ana Margarita , Vallecillo Amador Len Isaías
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La empatía es un componente importante en la relación-medico paciente y es una cualidad recomendada en todos los trabajadores de la salud, existen métodos cuantitativos para medir la empatía a través de encuestas especializadas con el objetivo de detectar niveles medios de empatía y posibles factores correlaciónales en su aumento o disminución, una vez detectados estos factores se puede actuar para reforzarlos o reducirlos. Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de empatía de los estudiantes de medicina, enfermería y odontología cursando áreas básicas, correlacionando con datos socio-académicos para identificar posibles variables que alteren globalmente los niveles de empatía. Método: Estudio transversal en estudiantes de pregrado de medicina, enfermería y odontología. Se encuestaron 146 estudiantes que respondieron a la Escala Jefferson de empatía médica del estudiante versión en español. Junto a una encuesta de 10 preguntas cerradas de aspectos socio-académicos. Los datos se introdujeron en el programa estadístico Epi-Info™7 donde se analizaron por medio de valores absolutos, frecuencias y valores porcentuales. Resultados: En la población estudiada no se encontró puntajes de empatía significativamente distintos entre las 3 carreras, los hombres obtuvieron un puntaje superior a las mujeres a diferencia de lo demostrado en otro estudios internacionales, se encontró una relación inversamente proporcional en puntaje de empatía en relación al puntaje académico global; el resto de las preguntas socio-culturales utilizadas en la encuesta no revelaron diferencias significativas en el puntaje de empatía. Conclusiones: No existen una diferencia significativa del nivel de empatía a nivel de áreas básicas entre enfermería, medicina y odontología, en este estudio se podrían considerar a los hombres más empáticos que las mujeres, el puntaje académico podría considerarse como un potencial indicador de nivel de empatía, las variables socioacadémicas estudiadas no muestran diferencias significativas en el puntaje de empatía.
Total laparoscopic clipless cholecystectomy by harmonic scalpels in patients with gall bladder stones
Authors: Idrees Gondal  , Ajmal Farooq  , Muhammad Nasir  , Muhammad Ayaz  , Sardar Zunair Akbar Khan
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Gallstones are common in western countries. Usually in minimally invasive cholecystectomy, cystic artery and duct both are separately ligated using metallic clips and then divided. Harmonic scalpel is effectual, useful, and secure instrument regarding control of blood loss and dissection especially in laparoscopic procedure for cholecystectomy. Objective: To delineate outcome of totally clipless laparoscopic cholecystectomy with harmonic scalpels in gall stones disease.Materials and Method: This research (a retrospective case study) was done at surgical department, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore for 12 months. Total 195 patients fulfilling the above mentioned inclusion criteria were enrolled. Then patients underwent surgery under general anaesthesia. During surgery, operative time, gall bladder perforation and blood loss were noted. Patients were evaluated if conversion to open surgery was required. After surgery, patients were followed-up in OPD for 7 days for assessment of infection.Results: Mean age of patients was 45.75±14.98 years. Among patients 93(47.7%) were male and 102(52.3%) were female. Mean duration of gall bladder stone was 5.02±0.80 months. Mean time for operation was 50.27±12 minutes. Mean loss of blood was 73.11±20.46 ml respectively. There were 24(12.3%) cases who had perforation. Total 35(17.9%) patients suffered from infection post operatively. Conclusion: Total laparoscopic clipless cholecystectomy by harmonic scalpels is fully safe and useful technique in surgery for gall bladder stones.Key words: Total laparoscopic clipless cholecystectomy, harmonic scalpels (HS), gall bladder stones
Politiniai ryšiai su visuomene: siekis pateikti visuomenei realiai atliekamus darbus ar priemonė oponetus kaltinti netinkama veikla
Authors: Matkevičienė Renata
Published: February 2021

Viešojoje erdvėje, ypač artėjant politiniams rinkimams, aštrėja politikų tarpusavio komunikacinės kovos, kuriose jie dažnai vieni kitus kaltina viešųjų ryšių technologijų naudojimu. Politika yra ta sritis, kuri ir paskatino šiuolaikinių ryšių su visuomene atsiradimą, kai yra informuojama visuomenė, pristatomos idėjos, organizuojamos diskusijos ir pan. Politikoje ryšiai su visuomene yra būtini ne tik politinių rinkimų kampanijų metu, bet ir kasdien, nes tik politikai ir politinės institucijos gali užtikrinti ir pačios politikos vykdymą: formuoti vyriausybes, koalicijas, spręsti valstybės svarbos klausimus, ieškoti kompromisų derantis partijoje ar su skirtingų partijų atstovais, verslininkais, kitų šalių politikais. Politiniai ryšiai su visuomene aprėpia labai platų komunikacijos spektrą, tad tampa apmaudu, kai viešojoje erdvėje politikai viešuosius ryšius vertina tik kaip būdą būti matomiems, populiariems.

Šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti politinių ryšių su visuomene ypatumus, išryškinti politinių ryšių su visuomene dalyvius, veiklos principus, siekiant paneigti žiniasklaidoje ir visuomenėje vyraujančius mitus apie viešųjų ryšių veiklą.

Straipsnyje analizuojama politinių ryšių su visuomene veikla, aptariama jos specifika ir aspektai. Autorė siekia ne tik išryškinti veiklos specifiką, bet ir aptarti viešojoje erdvėje egzistuojančius mitus, siejamus su politine komunikacija, viešaisiais ryšiais.
Lietuvos valstybės santvarkos reformų idėjos autoritarizmo laikotarpiu
Authors: Svarauskas Artūras
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje rašoma, kas ir kodėl kritikavo parlamentinę 1920–1926 metų demokratiją Lietuvoje ir kaip buvo ketinama tobulinti Antano Smetonos autoritarinio valdymo sistemą. Analizuojama lietuvių politinio elito, visuomenės veikėjų ir inteligentijos pažiūrų dėl valstybės santvarkos evoliucija 4-ajame dešimtmetyje. Pateikiami intelektualų, kultūros veikėjų – Mykolo Römerio, Stasio Šalkauskio, Levo Karsavino, Jono Šliūpo ir kitų – svarstymai dėl valstybės santvarkos tobulinimo. Aptariama korporacinės valstybės modelio samprata, pristatoma 1936 m. žurnale „Naujoji Romuva“ paskelbta ir plačias diskusijas išprovokavusi „organiškos valstybės“ programa.
Neįvykęs referendumas dėl Konstitucijos keitimo 1927–1928 m.: viena galima nesėkmės paaiškinimo versija
Authors: Kaubrys Saulius
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje aptariama pirmojo XX amžiuje neįvykusio referendumo charakteristika, paliudijusi komplikuotą vykdomosios valdžios ir visuomenės santykį minimos akcijos atžvilgiu. 1922 m. Lietuvos Valstybės Konstitucija nustatė referendumo galimybę, kuria, spėtina, artimojoje perspektyvoje nesitikėta pasinaudoti. Vis dėlto po 1926 m. gruodžio 17 d. naujai susiklosčius politinėms realijoms, referendumo idėja „ištraukta iš stalčiaus“, siekiant galimos Konstitucijos reformos įgyvendinimo. Dominuojančių politinių jėgų vizijoje referendumo idėja įgavo skirtingus vertės pavidalus. Apskričių viršininkų susirašinėjimo su Vidaus reikalų ministerija dėl rengiamo referendumo analizė paliudijo skirtingas visuomenės nuomones ir reakcijas. Jų vertinimo prognozė siuntė neužtikrintą signalą referendumo sumanytojams dėl laukiamų palankių balsavimo rezultatų. Galimas nepalankus visuomenės apsisprendimas galėjo tapti viena iš priežasčių, lėmusių valdančiųjų atsitraukimą nuo referendumo įgyvendinimo.
Secrets of Search in the Enterprise Network
Authors: Смазневич И. , Краснов Ф.
Published: February 2021

Создание эффективной системы поиска в информационных ресурсах организации невозможно без учета специфики корпоративной сети, не позволяющей применять популярные в Интернете алгоритмы поиска без потери быстродействия и точности поиска.

Creating an effective search system in an organization’s informational resources is impossible without taking into account the specifics of the corporate network, which does not allow using popular Internet search algorithms without losing the speed and accuracy of the search.
The Influence of Teacher Professionalism on Learning Outcomes of Class IV Students at MI Syaikh Zainuddin NW Anjani
Authors: Muhammad Ramdani Nur
Published: February 2021

The professionalism of a teacher is one important factor and is one of the main factors that affect the improvement of student learning outcomes. This is what makes the author very interested in conducting research and knowing the extent to which the increase in student learning outcomes is influenced by teacher professionalism. This study aims to determine: Is there an effect of teacher professionalism on the learning outcomes of fourth grade students at MI Syaikh Zainuddin NW Anjani. The type of research used is ex-post facto correlation research. The population of this study was 18 students of class IV MI Syaikh Zainuddin NW Anjani. Samples were taken based on the nonprobability technique. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire (questionnaire) and documentation. The data analysis used was the product moment correlation. From the results of data analysis using statistical analysis of product moment correlation and getting the calculated r (correlation) value is greater than the r value (correlation) table where the r count is 0.974 after being consulted with the r table value at the 5% significant level, the r table value is 0.468. . Thus, it is evident that there is an influence of teacher professionalism on the learning outcomes of grade IV students at MI Syaikh Zainuddin NW Anjani in the 2018/2019 academic year. The author hopes that this thesis can be used as a library and reference for teachers in particular and further researchers in general
Pengaruh Komunikasi Internal Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Bidang Tata Graha Pada Hotel Berbintang Di Kecamatan Ajibata Kabupaten Toba Samosir
Authors: Hamdani Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis komunikasi internal dan produktivitas kerja karyawan di hotel berbintang di Kecamatan Ajibata Kabupaten Toba Samosir. Untuk mengetahui apakah komunikasi internal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan di bidang tata graha. Dalam  penelitian   ini  digunakan  jenis  penelitian  metode  kuantitatif.  Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari 15 orang responden, jawaban responden tersebut kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan program SPSS dengan melakukan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, serta uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi internal berpengaruh hanya sebesar 3,6 % terhadap produktivitas kerja. Dilihat dari hasil tersebut bahwa dapat dikatakan  komunikasi  internal hanya  berpengaruh  sedikit   terhadap   produktivitas kerja.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Dan Intensi Turnover Di Hotel Pardede International Medan
Authors: Siregar Pandapotan Nauli Sun
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Menguji dan menjelaskan berikut ini: Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Komitmen ; Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap intensi turnover;Pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen; Pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap intensi turnover; Pengaruh komitmen terhadap intensi turnover; Pengaruh tidak langsung budaya organisasi terhadap intensi turnover melalui komitmen organisasi; Pengaruh tidak langsung kepuasan kerja terhadap intensi turnover melalui komitmen. Respoden sejumlah 109 orang, seluruh karyawan hotel. Data dianalisis dengan model persamaan struktural . Hasil penelitian yakni: Budaya Organisasi berpengaruh langsung positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Komitmen Organisasi;  Budaya Organisasi berpengaruh langsung positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap intensi turnover; Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh langsung positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi; Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh langsung negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap intensi turnover; Komitmen organisasi berpengaruh langsung negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap niat pindah karyawan; Budaya organisasi berpengaruh tidak langsung negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap intensi turnover melalui komitmen organisasi; Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh tidak langsung negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap intensi turnover melalui komitmen organisasi
POTENSI DAN PENGEMBANGAN MUSEUM UANG SUMATERA SEBAGAI OBJEK DAN DAYA TARIK WISATA SEJARAH DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Girsang Dameria , Nabila Ringga
Published: February 2021

Museum Uang Sumatera merupakan salah satu museum uang yang berada di Pulau Sumatera dan museum yang mengoleksi berbagai jenis uang kuno yang pernah berlaku di Indonesia. Museum Uang Sumatera belum begitu luas diketahui oleh masyarakat khusunya di Kota Medan termasuk wisatawan luar negeri. Oleh karena itu pihak Museum Uang Sumatera harus bersaing dalam hal pengelolaan dan berusaha untuk menarik minat masyarakat untuk mengunjungi Museum Uang Sumatera. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah potensi yang ada di Museum Uang Sumatera sudah dikembangkan, untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor pendorong dan penghambat pengembangan objek dan daya tarik wisata Museum Uang Sumatera, serta untuk mengetahui apa saja upaya yang dilakukan oleh manajemen dan dinas pariwisata Kota Medan tentang publikasi wisata Museum Uang Sumatera. Museum Uang Sumatera memiliki potensi salah satunya mempunyai koleksi uang kuno terlengkap di Sumatera, tetapi potensi yang dimiliki Museum Uang Sumatera belum dikembangkan secara maksimal baik melalui promosi terhadap masyarakat sekitar maupun masyarakat luar. Disamping memiliki potensi, Museum Uang Sumatera juga memiliki faktor pendorong yaitu memiliki koleksi uang terlengkap diantara museum uang yang ada di Indonesia, dan faktor penghambat yaitu kurangnya pendanaan dari pihak pemerintah Sumatera Utara, belum memiliki fasilitas yang lengkap, perawatan gedung masih kurang, dan status tanah Museum Uang Sumatera masih milik Pemerintah. Adapun upaya yang telah dilakukan Dinas Pariwisata terhadap Museum Uang Sumatera yaitu belum ada, sedangkan upaya yang telah dilakukan pihak Museum Uang Sumatera yaitu memperkenalkan ke beberapa sekolah.Saran kepada pihak Museum Uang Sumatera adalah memberikan dan menambah fasilitas yang sangat dibutuhkan pengunjung untuk kenyamanan pengunjung dan menambah kegiatan seperti melakukan event sebulan sekali untuk menarik minat pengunjung. Dan saran kepada Dinas Pariwisata Kota Medan yaitu mempromosikan Museum Uang Sumatera ke masyarakat luas mengenai Museum Uang Sumatera agar masyarakat semakin banyak berkunjung dan mengetahui tentang Museum Uang Sumatera.
A Systematic Review on the Effects of PTSD Associated Alcohol Abuse on Social Economic Status among Youth in Kenya
Authors: Mutisya David , Theuri Joseph
Published: February 2021

The issue of alcohol abuse in Kenya is deeply rooted and continues to affect the well-being of youthful population. A study conducted in 2018, an estimated 45-50% alcohol-abusing youth in Kiambu County had post-traumatic stress disorder. The main purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize existing literature articles on the effects of PTSD associated Alcohol Abuse in Kenya’s context. The review shows that PSTD related to alcohol abuse, though not well studied in Kenya is a real challenge facing the youth. It affects their learning processes and their transition to colleges and other institutions of higher learning. Alcohol abuse also affects employment prospects for the youth and leads to impoverishment. It also challenges the productivity and entrepreneurial capacities of these youth; leading to further impoverishment and reduced socioeconomic prospects. On the basis of these findings, it is pertinent to come up with psychosocial support mechanisms for alcohol abusers suffering from PSTD. The government should put in place funding strategies for the rehabilitation of youth suffering from PSTD. Also, government empowerment programmes in Kenya should ensure that the youth with PSTD related alcohol abuse can access funding to enhance their socioeconomic status.
Space-time dependence of compound hot-dry events in the United
States: assessment using a multi-site multi-variable weather
generator
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Gilleland Eric , Wood Andrew W.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Compound hot and dry events can lead to severe impacts whose severity may depend on their time scale and spatial extent. Despite their potential importance, the climatological characteristics of these joint events have received little attention regardless of growing interest in climate change impacts on compound events. Here, we ask how event time scale relates to (1) spatial patterns of compound hot-dry events in the United States, (2) the spatial extent of compound hot-dry events, and (3) the importance of temperature and precipitation as drivers of compound event occurrence. To study such rare spatial and multivariate events, we introduce a multi-site multi-variable weather generator (PRSim.weather), which enables generation of a large number of spatial compound hot-dry events. We show that the stochastic model realistically simulates distributional and temporal autocorrelation characteristics of temperature and precipitation at single sites, dependencies between the two variables, spatial correlation patterns, and spatial heat and drought indicators and their co-occurrence probabilities. The results of our compound event analysis demonstrate that (1) the Northwestern and Southeastern United States are most susceptible to compound hot-dry events independent of time scale and susceptibility decreases with increasing time scale, (2) the spatial extent and time scale of compound events are strongly related with sub-seasonal events (1–3 months) showing the largest spatial extents, and (3) the importance of temperature and precipitation as drivers of compound events varies with time scale where temperature is most important at short and precipitation at seasonal time scales. We conclude that time scale is an important factor to be considered in compound event assessments and suggest that climate change impact assessments should consider several instead of a single time scale when looking at future changes in compound event characteristics. The largest future changes may be expected for short compound events because of their strong relation to temperature.
Using PhET™ interactive simulation plate tectonics for initial teacher education
Authors: Cavadas Bento , Aboim Sara
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Using digital educational resources (DERs) in science education is an effective way of promoting students' content knowledge of complex natural processes. This work presents the usage of the digital educational resource CreativeLab_Sci&Math | Plate Tectonics, designed for exploring the PhET™ Plate Tectonics simulator, in the context of the education of pre-service teachers (PSTs) in Portugal. The performance of the PSTs was analysed based on the five tasks into which the DER was organized. Results show that the DER contributed to the successful achievement of the following learning outcomes for PSTs: describing the differences between the oceanic crust and continental crust regarding temperature, density, composition and thickness, associating the plate tectonic movements with their geological consequences, and identifying the plate tectonic movements that cause the formation of some geological structures. Results also show that PSTs considered the PhET™ Plate Tectonics simulator a contributor to their learning about plate tectonics.
Transboundary water sharing policies conditioned on hydrologic variability to
inform reservoir operations
Authors: Yang Guang , Block Paul
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Water resources infrastructure is critical for energy and food security, however, the development of large-scale infrastructure, such as hydropower dams, may significantly alter downstream flows, potentially leading to water resources management conflicts and disputes, especially in transboundary river basins. Mutually agreed upon water sharing policies for the operation of existing or new reservoirs is one of the most effective strategies to mitigate conflict, yet this is a complex task involving the estimation of available water, identification of users and demands, procedures for water sharing, etc. We propose a water-sharing policy framework that incorporates reservoir operating rules optimization based on conflicting uses and natural hydrologic variability, specifically tailored to drought conditions. We first establish the trade-off between downstream and upstream water availability utilizing multi-objective optimization of reservoir operating rules. Next, we simulate reservoir operation with the candidate (optimal) rules, evaluate their performance, and select the most suitable rules for balancing water uses. Subsequently, we build a relationship between the reservoir operations simulated from the selected rules and drought-specific conditions to derive water-sharing policies. Finally, we re-optimize the reservoir operating rules to evaluate the effectiveness of the drought-specific water sharing policies. We apply the framework to reservoir operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile River. We find that the derived water sharing policy can balance GERD power generation and downstream releases, especially in dry conditions, effectively sharing the hydrologic risk in inflow variability among riparian countries. The proposed framework offers a robust approach to inform water sharing policies for sustainable management of transboundary water resources.
Bank’s brand, social influence, and its impact on the decision on using mobile banking services of individual customers: An empirical study
Authors: Lan Vo Thi Phuong , Giang Nguyen Thanh
Published: February 2021

In the context of fintech and industrial revolution 4.0, the banking system worldwide has significantly developed mobile banking services at a great pace in order to promote economic performance. The aim of this analysis is to estimate factors that impact on the customers' use of mobile-banking services in the typical case in Vietnam nowadays. Using a sample data of 420 questionnaires covering in 2020, the results indicate that brand and social influence have greatly impacted on the customers' use of mobile-banking services. A greater bank’s brand and social influence is positively related to a greater the customers' use of mobile-banking services. In addition, transaction risk has a negative impact on decisions to use mobile-banking services. Vietnam should enhance the risk management in the banking sector in order to maintain sustainable development in the long run.
The effect of COVID-19 in European union on the performance of Indonesian publicly listed palm oil companies
Authors: Tandra Hansen , Suroso Arif Imam , Najib Mukhamad , Syaukat Yusman
Published: February 2021

One of the leading industries that affect economic growth in Indonesia is the palm oil industry. The role of this industry depends on the level of exports from European Union countries. Based on the COVID-19 pandemic situation, international trade activities are hampered and could affect industry performance from a stock perspective. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 cases that occurred in the European Union and related macroeconomic variables on the stock performance of the oil palm industry in Indonesia. This research also examines the impact of COVID-19 on certified sustainable companies and companies that are not certified. Panel regression was applied in this study with Eviews 11 Software.This research's observations are 13 palm oil companies in Indonesia which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from March 2, 2020, to August 31, 2020. This study's results reveal that the world CPO prices and market capitalization affect the activities shares of palm oil companies in Indonesia.Meanwhile, from the grouping of certifications within companies, the impact of COVID-19 in the European Union was more substantial on companies that were certified as sustainable. Based on these results, The COVID-19 case in the European Union must be a concern for palm oil companies in Indonesia.
Dôvera: ziektekostenverzekeringen en het ondernemingsbegrip – onzekerheid verzekerd?
Authors: Reuder B.M.M.
Published: February 2021

Dôvera: ziektekostenverzekeringen en het ondernemingsbegrip – onzekerheid verzekerd?

In dit artikel wordt het arrest in de staatssteunzaak Dôvera besproken, waarin het Hof van Justitie heeft geoordeeld dat Slowaakse zorgverzekeraars geen ondernemingen zijn in de zin van de Europese mededingingsregels, nadat het Gerecht had geoordeeld dat zij wel als ondernemingen moesten worden gezien. Dit artikel bespreekt achtereenvolgens het ondernemingsbegrip in de context van socialezekerheidsstelsels, de verschillende oordelen in de Dôvera-zaak en de betekenis van het arrest van het Hof van Justitie voor de toepasselijkheid van mededingingsregels op Nederlandse zorgverzekeraars.

HvJ 11 juni 2020, gevoegde zaken C-262/18 P en C-271/18 P, ECLI:EU:C:2020:450 (Commissie/Dôvera zdravotná poist’ovňa).
The influence of defibration pressure and fibres drying parameters on the properties of HDF made with recovered fibres
Authors: Sala Conrad M. , Kowaluk Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

Defibration pressure and fibres drying parameters influence on the HDF properties made with recovered fibres. The objective of this study was to investigate the defibration pressure and fibres drying process parameters (influence on the mechanical, physical properties and on formaldehyde content (FC) of ultrathin (2.5 mm) industrial high-density fibreboards (HDF) produced with 5% of recovered HDF (rHDF) addition. For this investigation the fibres were produced in industrial defibrator under four different set points: 0.65 MPa (V1), 0.90 MPa (V2), 1.00 MPa (V3) and 1.06 MPa (V4), dried in industrial two stage dryer with four different dryer inlet temperatures set points: 100°C (V00), 111°C (V11), 122°C (V22) and 133°C (V33). The results indicated that pressure is a significant factor and affects for all HDF properties. Too low defibrator pressure negatively influences HDF mechanical and physical properties as well as FC (high level). Regarding fibre drying temperature influence on HDF properties, no straight correlation was found. Linear negative correlation was found for modulus of rupture – 10% decrease comparing V00 to V33, internal bond – 23% decrease comparing V00 to V22 and surface soundness – also 23% decrease comparing V00 to V33.
Comparison of Muscular Endurance and Hypertrophy Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sedentary Male Smokers
Authors: Shaw Brandon Stuwart , Turner Stacey , Shaw Ina
Published: February 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exemplifies a major medical problem as it is the most considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. While sport conditioning specialists understand and differentiate the different benefits of resistance training (RT) subtypes on athletic performance, this distinction is less clear for health professionals when designing CVD risk reduction programs. Objectives: This study attempted to investigate and compare the effects of hypertrophy and muscular endurance RT on CVD risk in sedentary males. Methods: Sedentary male smokers were randomly assigned to either an eight-week hypertrophy RT group (HTG) (n = 15), muscular endurance RT groups (METG) (n = 15), or a non-exercising control group (CON) (n = 15) to assess their impact on smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) variables associated with the four most prominent CVD risk factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software using a paired sample t-test and ANOVA. Results: Significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements were found in three of the 15 measured variables in the HTG (resting mean arterial pressure (RMAP) (P = 0.024); total cholesterol (TC): HDL-C ratio (P = 0.009), and HDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio (P = 0.038), with a deleterious decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.027). In turn, significant improvements were found in the METG in 10 of the 15 measured variables, namely; cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.037), resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) (P = 0.002), resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) (P = 0.006), RMAP (P = 0.000), TC (P = 0.010), triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.010), LDL-C (P = 0.007), HDL-C: LDL-C (P = 0.018), non-HDL-C (n-HDL-C) (P = 0.010), and VO2max (P = 0.001), and a deleterious decrease in HDL-C (P = 0.026). Conclusions: While the oversimplification of RT design for CVD reduction has resulted in cardio-centric CVD training programs, this study demonstrates that some subtypes of RT (i.e. muscular endurance training) may prove more useful than others in reducing multiple CVD risk factors simultaneously.
Taxonomic review of the Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) agenor species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Montoya-Molina Santiago , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Z.
Published: February 2021

The Neotropical D. agenor species group of the subgenus Luederwaldtinia Martínez, 1951 is taxonomically reviewed. After examination of specimens in collections, the D. agenor species group will consist of seventeen species, a leap from the former nine species: D. agenor (Harold, 1869), D. amplicollis (Harold, 1869), D. belus (Harold, 1880), D. centralis (Harold, 1869), D. deyrollei (Harold, 1869), D. sagittarius (Harold, 1869) stat. rev., D. tristis (Luederwaldt, 1923), D. triquetrus (Luederwaldt, 1923), D. validipilosus (Luederwaldt, 1931), D. fornicatus (Luederwaldt, 1931) [transferred to D. lucasi species group and to which D. bosqi (Pereira, 1941) is considered to be a new synonym], D. inachoides (Felsche, 1901) [transferred from the group fisus (Selenocopris)], D. simplicicornis (Luederwaldt, 1935) [transferred from the group fisus (Selenocopris)], D. subaeneus (Castelnau, 1840) [transferred from the D. carbonarius species group], D. rafanunezi sp. nov. from Mato Grosso, D. henripittieri sp. nov. from Venezuela and D. enioi sp. nov. from Guatemala and Costa Rica. This review was based on external morphology and characters of the male genitalia (aedeagus and internal sac). Descriptions of new species and redescriptions were made after examining the type-specimens of the already described species. Lectotype designations, species revalidations, redescriptions and new species descriptions are provided.
Loss of Heterozygosity Patterns of Sclerosing Hemangioma of the Lung and Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma Indicate a Similar Molecular Pathogenesis
Authors: Dacic Sanja , Sasatomi Eizaburo , Swalsky Patricia A. , Kim Dong Won , Finkelstein Sydney D. , Yousem Samuel A.
Published: February 2021

Context.—The histogenesis and origin of sclerosing hemangioma (SH) of lung were uncertain for many years. Many immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and recent molecular studies support the hypothesis that SH is a neoplasm originating from the cells of the terminal lobular unit, similar to the nonmucinous variant of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Most cases of SH are benign, but they can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes.

Objective.—To compare the patterns of allelic loss of tumor suppressor genes in SH and BAC by microdissection-based genotypic analysis.

Design.—Microdissection-based loss of heterozygosity analysis of 9 cases of SH and 14 cases of BAC, using a panel of 7 polymorphic microsatellite markers located on 1p, 5q, 9p, 10q, and 17p. Microsatellite marker and chromosomal arm–based fractional allelic loss (FAL) were calculated in each case.

Results.—Our results showed similar patterns of allelic loss between the 2 groups of tumors on an individual case basis. Chromosomal arms 5q and 10q showed frequent allelic loss in SH (66.7% and 62.5%, respectively), whereas in BAC, chromosomal arm 17p (52.6%) was frequently affected. A statistically significant difference in allelic loss between SH and BAC was located only on chromosomal arm 5q (P = .04). Microsatellite marker D5S615 was significantly more frequently affected in SH than in BAC (66.7% vs 28.6%; P = .04).

Conclusion.—Our molecular data support the hypothesis of common origin of SH and BAC. A putative tumor suppressor gene that might play a role in tumorigenesis of SH may be located on the chromosomal arm 5q.