bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the invasion depth of superficial nonampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Morita Yuki , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Takamatsu Manabu , Kawachi Hiroshi , Nakano Kaoru , Ikenoyama Yohei , Tokai Yoshitaka , Namikawa Ken , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Fujisaki Junko
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Distinguishing between intramucosal cancer and submucosal invasive cancer is vital for optimal treatment selection for patients with superficial nonampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma (SNADAC); however, standard diagnostic systems for diagnosing invasion depth are as yet undetermined.

Methods

Of 205 patients with SNADAC who underwent treatment at our institution between 2006 and 2022, 188 had intramucosal cancer and 17 had submucosal invasive cancer. The clinical, endoscopic, and pathological features used in the preoperative diagnosis of invasion depth and the diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) were retrospectively analyzed in 85 patients.

Results

The oral side of the papilla tumor location, protruded or mixed macroscopic type, and moderately‐to‐poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma based on biopsy specimens were significantly more frequent in submucosal invasive cancer than in intramucosal cancer (88% vs. 48%; 94% vs. 42%; 47% vs. 0%, respectively). From the relationship between the endoscopic features and the submucosal invasive cancer incidence, submucosal invasion risk was stratified as: (i) low‐risk (risk, 2%), all lesions located on the anal side of the papilla and superficial macroscopic type on the oral side of the papilla; and (ii) high‐risk (risk, 23%), protruded or mixed macroscopic type on the oral side of the papilla. Based on the biopsy specimens, all eight patients with moderately‐to‐poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma had submucosal invasive cancer. Furthermore, EUS was not associated with invasion depth's diagnostic accuracy improvements.

Conclusion

Optimal treatment indications for SNADAC can be selected based on the risk factors of submucosal invasion by tumor location, macroscopic type, and biopsy diagnosis.
Improvement of early‐phase insulin secretion is an independent factor for achieving glycaemic control: A pooled analysis of SEED and DAWN study
Authors: Feng Lingge , Chen Chunxiang , Guo Quanle , Chen Li , Yang Wenying
Published: November 2023

Aim

To investigate the effect of improving early phase insulin secretion function for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a new class of antidiabetic drug dorzagliatin.

Materials and Methods

Early insulin secretion function was studied in 726 participants of which 414 were treated with dorzagliatin in the SEED and DAWN study. The early insulinogenic index (IGI30min) and disposition index (DI) were used to assess early‐phase insulin secretion function in this study. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the importance of IGI30min and DI indices for achieving effective glycaemic control.

Results

The reduction in HbA1c has a significant correlation with the improvement of IGI30min for patients that received 24 weeks of dorzagliatin treatment (p < .001), and this correlation was not observed in the placebo group (p = .364). In the dorzagliatin treatment group, the responders showed significant improvements in homeostasis model assessment 2‐β, IGI30min and DI compared with the non‐responders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for achieving glycaemic control was 1.28 (95% CI 1.14‐1.43) for baseline IGI30min, and 1.24 (95% CI 1.14‐1.35) for the 24‐week incremental IGI30min from baseline. The OR for baseline DI and 24‐week changes in DI from baseline were 1.39 (95% CI 1.2‐1.6) and 1.30 (95% CI 1.19‐1.43) respectively. The timing of insulin secretion analysis showed the significant contribution of early‐phase insulin secretion, rather than late‐phase insulin secretion, to postprandial glucose control with the OR for the incremental IGI30min and IGI2h to postprandial glucose control were 1.3 (95% CI 1.19‐1.42) and 1 (95% CI 1‐1.01) respectively.

Conclusions

Restoring the impaired early‐phase insulin secretion function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is a critical factor for improving the glycaemic control by dorzagliatin treatment.
The increasing penalty to occupation‐education mismatch
Authors: Cassidy Hugh , Gaulke Amanda
Published: November 2023

College‐educated workers in jobs unrelated to their degree generally receive lower wages compared to well‐matched workers. Our analysis of data from the National Survey of College Graduates shows that although the rate of this mismatch declined only slightly (18%–17%), the wage penalty increased by 56% between 1993 and 2019. Changes in the composition of field of study over time, as well as declining returns to “excess” education above what is required for the occupation both help to explain the increasing penalty, especially for women. Mismatch has become more closely associated with lower‐return occupations for men but not women.
Taking fundamental rights seriously in the Digital Services Act's platform liability regime
Authors: Frosio Giancarlo , Geiger Christophe
Published: November 2023

This article highlights how the EU fundamental rights framework should inform the liability regime of platforms foreseen in secondary EU law, in particular with regard to the reform of the E‐commerce directive by the Digital Services Act. In order to identify all possible tensions between the liability regime of platforms on the one hand, and fundamental rights on the other hand, and in order to contribute to a well‐balanced and proportionate European legal instrument, this article addresses these potential conflicts from the standpoint of users (those who share content and those who access it), platforms, regulators and other stakeholders involved. Section 2 delves into the intricate landscape of online intermediary liability, interrogating how the E‐Commerce Directive and the emerging Digital Services Act grapple with the delicate equilibrium between shielding intermediaries and upholding the competing rights of other stakeholders. The article then navigates in Section 3 the fraught terrain of fundamental rights as articulated by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) under the aegis of the European Convention on Human Rights and the EU Charter. This section poses an urgent inquiry: can the DSA's foundational principles reconcile these legal frameworks in a manner that fuels democracy rather than stifles it through inadvertent censorship? Section 4 then delves into the intricate relationship between fundamental rights and the DSA reform. This section conducts a comprehensive analysis of the key provisions of the DSA, emphasising how they underscore the importance of fundamental rights. In addition to mapping out the strengths of the framework the section also identifies existing limitations within the DSA and suggests potential pathways for further refinement and improvement. This article concludes by outlining key avenues for achieving a balanced and fundamental rights‐compliant regulatory framework for platform liability within the EU.
Clinical perspective: The perils, pitfalls and pride of developing an equine in vitro fertilisation (IVF) laboratory in private practice
Authors: Scoggin Charles F. , Bradecamp Etta A. , Sheerin Peter , Schnobrich Maria R. , Walbornn Stephanie R. , Lohbeck Erin , Barhorst Alaina , Howard Crystal
Published: November 2023

The use of intracytoplasmic spermatozoa injection (ICSI) to produce equine embryos has significantly increased over the past decade, leading to the creation of laboratories specific for ICSI and related in vitro fertilisation (IVF) techniques. However, the commitment, resources and skills necessary for developing a viable IVF laboratory can be underestimated or underappreciated. The purpose of this article is to share the difficulties our clinic encountered when developing an IVF laboratory.
Butyrate functions as a histone deacetylase inhibitor to protect pancreatic beta cells from IL‐1β‐induced dysfunction
Authors: Pedersen Signe Schultz , Ingerslev Lars Roed , Olsen Mathias , Prause Michala , Billestrup Nils
Published: November 2023

Butyrate, a gut microbial metabolite, has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and has become an attractive drug candidate for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, we showed that butyrate protects pancreatic beta cells against cytokine‐induced dysfunction. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms of butyrate action. Pancreatic mouse islets were exposed to a non‐cytotoxic concentration of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) for 10 days to mimic low‐grade inflammation in T2D. Similar to the effect of butyrate, an isoform‐selective histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibitor normalized IL‐1β‐reduced glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content. In contrast, free fatty acid receptor 2 and 3 (FFAR2/3) agonists failed to normalize IL‐1β‐induced beta cell dysfunction. Furthermore, butyrate inhibited HDAC activity and increased the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 by 3‐ and 10‐fold, respectively. Genome‐wide analysis of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) revealed that butyrate mainly increased H3K27ac at promoter regions (74%), while H3K27ac peaks regulated by IL‐1β were more equally distributed at promoters (38%), introns (23%) and intergenic regions (23%). Gene ontology analysis showed that butyrate increased IL‐1β‐reduced H3K27ac levels near several genes related to hormone secretion and reduced IL‐1β‐increased H3K27ac levels near genes associated with inflammatory responses. Butyrate alone increased H3K27ac near many genes related to MAPK signaling, hormone secretion, and differentiation, and decreased H3K27ac at genes involved in cell replication. Together, these results suggest that butyrate prevents IL‐1β‐induced pancreatic islet dysfunction by inhibition of HDACs resulting in changes in H3K27ac levels at genes relevant for beta cell function and inflammatory responses.
Formation of mineral‐associated organic matter in temperate soils is primarily controlled by mineral type and modified by land use and management intensity
Authors: Bramble De Shorn E. , Ulrich Susanne , Schöning Ingo , Mikutta Robert , Brandt Luise , Poll Christian , Kandeler Ellen , Mikutta Christian , Konrad Alexander , Siemens Jan , Yang Yang , Polle Andrea , Schall Peter , Ammer Christian , Kaiser Klaus , Schrumpf Marion
Published: November 2023

Formation of mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM) supports the accumulation and stabilization of carbon (C) in soil, and thus, is a key factor in the global C cycle. Little is known about the interplay of mineral type, land use and management intensity in MAOM formation, especially on subdecadal time scales. We exposed mineral containers with goethite or illite, the most abundant iron oxide and phyllosilicate clay in temperate soils, for 5 years in topsoils of 150 forest and 150 grassland sites in three regions across Germany. Results show that irrespective of land use and management intensity, more C accumulated on goethite than illite (on average 0.23 ± 0.10 and 0.06 ± 0.03 mg m−2 mineral surface respectively). Carbon accumulation across regions was consistently higher in coniferous forests than in deciduous forests and grasslands. Structural equation models further showed that thinning and harvesting reduced MAOM formation in forests. Formation of MAOM in grasslands was not affected by grazing. Fertilization had opposite effects on MAOM formation, with the positive effect being mediated by enhanced plant productivity and the negative effect by reduced plant species richness. This highlights the caveat of applying fertilizers as a strategy to increase soil C stocks in temperate grasslands. Overall, we demonstrate that the rate and amount of MAOM formation in soil is primarily driven by mineral type, and can be modulated by land use and management intensity even on subdecadal time scales. Our results suggest that temperate soils dominated by oxides have a higher capacity to accumulate and store C than those dominated by phyllosilicate clays, even under circumneutral pH conditions. Therefore, adopting land use and management practices that increase C inputs into oxide‐rich soils that are under their capacity to store C may offer great potential to enhance near‐term soil C sequestration.
Government transparency and corruption in a turbulent setting: The case of foreign aid to Ukraine
Authors: Cifuentes‐Faura Javier
Published: November 2023

This paper analyzes the role of accounting in disaster mitigation and the importance of transparency to avoid corruption. During the Ukrainian war, accounting has allowed the redistribution of war material, the quantification of economic aid, or the efficient management of humanitarian aid. This paper aims to set a research agenda on transparency and corruption in foreign aid to a fragile and conflict‐affected country. In order to analyze the situation of corruption in Ukraine during the war, first a review of the latest corrupt events is carried out and its position in the Corruption Perception Indicator is analyzed. Subsequently, we analyze the aid that Ukraine has received from other countries and institutions, and whether it is transparent. The possible dependence of the Corruption Perception Indicator on the transparency index of each country in the management of aid to Ukraine is studied. This article links corruption, transparency and accounting in the context of the Ukrainian war, highlighting the important role of auditing and financial controls, and presents proposals for future research.
Britain's fiscal‐military state in the eighteenth century: Recent trends in historiography
Authors: Ganev Robin
Published: November 2023

John Brewer's argument that eighteenth‐century Britain developed a centralized and effective fiscal‐military state that allowed it to become a great power has been instrumental in making early modern state‐building an important field of inquiry for historians. New directions in the field explore conflicting eighteenth‐century ideologies, the notion of a ‘naval‐military’ state, the non‐military dimensions of the state, the nature of the Irish and Scottish fiscal‐military states, the relationship between Britain's central state and colonial states, and the relationship between the state and the informal actors who served it.
Ultra‐wideband electromagnetic interference shielding properties of parallel expanded graphite/Fe3O4 composites
Authors: Huang Yujia , Zhang Zijian , Liang Zhilong , Hu Yue , Zhang Qiqi , Zhang Peng , Xing Yan , Wan Chunlei
Published: November 2023

The rapid development of electronic devices in various fields has stimulated an increased demand for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials working in ultra‐wideband frequencies of gigahertz. However, the aggregation problem and single attenuation mechanism severely limit the broadband shielding applications of nanomaterials. To address these challenges, a novel composite of parallel expanded graphite (EG) embedded in the densified Fe3O4 matrix is designed and successfully synthesized through the in situ chemical coprecipitation followed by pressure sintering. This unique structure creates heterogeneous interfaces by combining the conductive EG and magnetic Fe3O4. The significant dielectric and magnetic loss then arise from conduction and polarization loss, as well as the eddy current and resonance effects. The multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves between the oriented EG sheets further cause the “absorb–reflect–reabsorb” effect that prolongs the propagation paths and enhances the dissipation of electromagnetic waves. Based on these multiple mechanisms over an ultrawide range of frequencies (8.2–40 GHz), the EG/Fe3O4 composites exhibit exceptional EMI shielding performance, with an average shielding effectiveness of 29.3 dB, indicating the potential for multifunctional EMI shielding applications.
The trajectory of human B‐cell function, immune deficiency, and allergy revealed by inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Tangye Stuart G. , Mackie Joseph , Pathmanandavel Karrnan , Ma Cindy S.
Published: November 2023

The essential role of B cells is to produce protective immunoglobulins (Ig) that recognize, neutralize, and clear invading pathogens. This results from the integration of signals provided by pathogens or vaccines and the stimulatory microenvironment within sites of immune activation, such as secondary lymphoid tissues, that drive mature B cells to differentiate into memory B cells and antibody (Ab)‐secreting plasma cells. In this context, B cells undergo several molecular events including Ig class switching and somatic hypermutation that results in the production of high‐affinity Ag‐specific Abs of different classes, enabling effective pathogen neutralization and long‐lived humoral immunity. However, perturbations to these key signaling pathways underpin immune dyscrasias including immune deficiency and autoimmunity or allergy. Inborn errors of immunity that disrupt critical immune pathways have identified non‐redundant requirements for eliciting and maintaining humoral immune memory but concomitantly prevent immune dysregulation. Here, we will discuss our studies on human B cells, and how our investigation of cytokine signaling in B cells have identified fundamental requirements for memory B‐cell formation, Ab production as well as regulating Ig class switching in the context of protective versus allergic immune responses.
GIS‐based crime hotspot mapping and its correlation with land use: A case study on assessment of CPTED principle
Authors: Sharma Hrutvik K. , Tailor Ravin M.
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this paper is to assess the relationship between crime rate and land use, which reflects the principle of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) at the city level. Crime data for 2022 is taken for Surat city and regressed against various land uses and road networks. These land use and road networks depict three CPTED principles: natural surveillance, access control and activity support. First, crime hotspot mapping is done using various spatial interpolation methods, and relative comparison is done using the root mean square error value. The IDW method is found to be the most suitable method for hotspot mapping of Surat city. The result shows that residential, industrial and recreational land uses have a significant correlation with crime rates. Residential and industrial areas have a positive impact, whereas recreational spaces have a negative impact on crime rates. Increased road connectivity also has a positive correlation with crime rates. This study suggests that the crime rate varies with different land uses and road networks. Hence, CPTED principles do affect at the city level.
RETRACTED: A meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of antibacterial bone cement in the treatment of diabetic foot skin wound infections
Authors: Wu Shuwei , Xu Yuanyuan , Guo Linghong , Jiang Xian
Published: November 2023

A meta‐analysis research was implemented to appraise the effect of antibiotic bone cement (ABC) in treating infected diabetic foot wounds (IDFWs). Inclusive literature research till April 2023 was done and 1237 interconnected researches were revised. The 15 selected researches enclosed 895 IDFWs persons were in the utilized researchers' starting point, 449 of them were utilizing ABC, and 446 were in the control group. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were utilized to appraise the consequence of ABC in treating IDFWs by the contentious approach and a fixed or random model. ABC had significantly lower wound healing time (MD, −9.83; 95% CI, −12.45–−7.20, p < 0.001), and time to bacterial conversion of the wound (MD, −7.30; 95% CI, −10.38–−4.32, p < 0.001) compared to control in IDFWs persons. However, caution needs to be taken when interacting with its values since there was a low sample size of most of the chosen research found for the comparisons in the meta‐analysis.
RETRACTED: Effects of enhance recovery after surgery nursing program on the surgical site wound infection in patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Meilin , Zhang Xu , Xiang Qing
Published: November 2023

Our study aimed to investigate the effects of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) nursing program on surgical site wound infections (SSWI) and postoperative complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for hepatocellular carcinoma. Computer searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases were conducted to gather randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that were published from inception to September 2023. The target studies evaluated the effects of the ERAS nursing program in patients undergoing LH for hepatocellular carcinoma. Two independent authors screened the literature, extracted the data and performed quality assessments. Dichotomous variables were analysed using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), as effect analysis statistics. Stata software (version 17.0) was used for data analysis. Eleven RCTs with 765 patients were included, with 383 patients in the ERAS group and 382 in the control group. The results revealed that the incidence of SSWI (OR = 0.32, 95%CI:0.15–0.71, p = 0.004) and postoperative complications (OR = 0.23, 95%CI:0.15–0.34, p < 0.001) were both significantly reduced in the ERAS group, compared with the control group. The ERAS nursing program, when applied to patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatic cancer resection, can effectively reduce the incidence of SSWI and postoperative complications, thus promoting postoperative recovery.
Ba2+/Sr2+ regulation in A‐site vacancy‐engineered B0.015+1.5xS0.245‐1.5x□0.03BNT relaxor ceramics for energy storage
Authors: Shi Xuhai , Li Zhipeng , Shen Zong‐Yang , Song Fusheng , Luo Wenqin , Zeng Xiaojun , Wang Zhumei , Li Yueming
Published: November 2023

A‐site vacancy‐engineered Ba0.015+1.5xSr0.245‐1.5x□0.03Bi0.385Na0.325TiO3 (B0.015+1.5xS0.245‐1.5x□0.03BNT, x = 0, 0.012, 0.024, 0.036, 0.048, 0.06) ceramics were fabricated by a solid‐state reaction method. The effect of Ba/Sr regulation on the structure, polarization, and dielectric energy storage properties of the B0.015+1.5xS0.245‐1.5x□0.03BNT ceramics were investigated. With the increase of the x value, the lamellar microdomains transform into the coexistence of banded domains and nanodomains. A double‐like P‐E hysteresis loop with a high polarization value (Pmax > 35 μC/cm2) can be obtained at a very low electric field of 60 kV/cm. Consequently, a large recoverable energy storage density (Wrec = 2.33 J/cm3) can be achieved at a relatively low applied electric field of 130 kV/cm. The designed B0.087S0.173□0.03BNT also exhibits high dielectric constant (εr = 3510 @150°C&1 kHz) with suitable temperature capacitance coefficient (TCC150°C = ±15%) over the temperature range of 17°C∼382°C. These findings provide a novel vacancy‐engineered avenue towards the design of BSBNT relaxor ceramics with high Wrec and good stability for low‐voltage driven high‐temperature pulsed power capacitor.
Divorce is linked with extra‐pair paternity in a monogamous passerine
Authors: Dunning Jamie , Burke Terry , Schroeder Julia
Published: November 2023

The question of why socially monogamous females engage in extra‐pair behaviour is long‐standing in evolutionary biology. Due to a lack of empirical support among passerine birds, recent work has moved away from the indirect‐benefits hypothesis to explain extra‐pair mating behaviour by females, instead favouring the hypothesis that this is the result of a pleiotropic effect. That is, a trait under strong positive selection in either or both sexes are genetically linked with another, potentially unrelated, trait. For example, genes beneficial to female fecundity (that promote within‐pair solicitation of mating from a male partner) might also lead to extra‐pair behaviour (by also promoting solicited copulations from extra‐pair males). Here, we test two predictions from this hypothesis: We test the prediction that female divorce, measured as the number of social mates within a given year, is linked with 1) the number of extra‐pair males engaged by the female and 2) the proportion of the female's offspring that are extra‐pair. Our results show that females who divorce their social partner are more likely to produce extra‐pair offspring than those who maintain social monogamy, supporting the pleiotropy hypothesis. However, those females did not also have a higher proportion of extra‐pair offspring. The number of broods initiated was also positively correlated with the number of extra‐pair males that sired a female's offspring, probably through increased opportunity for extra‐pair males to sire offspring over a longer breeding season. Our results support the intrasexual pleiotropy hypothesis as a driver of female extra‐pair behaviour.
Calreticulin accelerates corneal wound closure and mitigates fibrosis: Potential therapeutic applications
Authors: Mishra Sarita , Manzanares Miguel A. , Prater Justin , Culp David , Gold Leslie I.
Published: November 2023

The processes involved in regeneration of cutaneous compared to corneal tissues involve different intrinsic mechanisms. Importantly, cutaneous wounds involve healing by angiogenesis but vascularization of the cornea obscures vision. Previous studies showed that topically applied calreticulin (CALR) healed full‐thickness excisional animal wounds by a tissue regenerative process markedly enhancing repair without evoking angiogenesis. In the current study, the application of CALR in a rabbit corneal injury model: (1) accelerated full wound closure by 3 days (2) accelerated delayed healing caused by corticosteroids, routinely used to prevent post‐injury inflammation, by 6 days and (3) healed wounds without vascularization or fibrosis/hazing. In vitro, CALR stimulated proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells (CE) and corneal stromal cells (keratocytes) by 1.5‐fold and 1.4‐fold, respectively and induced migration of CE cells and keratocytes, by 72% and 85% compared to controls of 44% and 59%, respectively. As a marker of decreased fibrosis, CALR treated corneal wounds showed decreased immunostaining for α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) by keratocytes and following CALR treatment in vitro, decreased the levels of TGF‐β2 in human CE cells and α‐SMA in keratocytes. CALR has the potential to be a novel therapeutic both, to accelerate corneal healing from various injuries and in conjunction with corticosteroids.
Identification of hub genes and pathways associated with cellular senescence in diabetic foot ulcers via comprehensive transcriptome analysis
Authors: Huang Yike , Wang Dongqing , Zhang Wen , Yuan Xue , Li Ke , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zeng Mingqiang
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to find important genes and pathways related to cellular senescence (CS) in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and to estimate the possible pathways through which CS affects diabetic foot healing. The GSE80178 dataset was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, containing six DFU and three diabetic foot skin (DFS) samples. The limma package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). At the same time, DEGs associated with CS (CS‐DEGs) were found using the CellAge database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted on the CS‐DEGs. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was built using the String database, and the cytoHubba plug‐in within Cytoscape helped identify hub genes. Lastly, the miRNA‐TF‐mRNA regulatory network for these hub genes was established. In total, 66 CS‐DEGs were obtained. These genes mainly focus on CS, Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection and Toll‐like receptor signalling pathway. Eight hub genes were identified to regulate cell senescence in DFU, including TP53, SRC, SIRT1, CCND1, EZH2, CXCL8, AR and CDK4. According to miRNA‐TF‐mRNA regulatory network, hsa‐mir‐132‐3p/SIRT1/EZH2 axis is involved in senescence cell accumulation in DFU.
The association between caregiver psychiatric distress and perceived barriers to behavioral health treatment participation for youth in the juvenile legal system
Authors: Sheerin Kaitlin M. , Williamson‐Butler Shannon , Vieira Alyssa , Grant Miyah , Kemp Kathleen A.
Published: November 2023

Youth in the juvenile legal system (JLS) evidence high rates of behavioral health concerns but struggle to access services. Given that caregivers are often tasked with helping their child to initiate and persist with services, it seems important to understand how their own well‐being impacts their experiences of barriers to treatment participation for their child. The present study examined the link between caregiver (N = 196; 89% female) psychiatric concerns and experiences of treatment barriers among a sample of youth involved in the JLS. A cluster analysis revealed a cluster of caregivers with clinically significant levels of psychiatric distress and a cluster with low levels of psychiatric distress. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that belonging to the high‐distress cluster was predictive of experiencing certain types of barriers to treatment participation. These findings have implications for interventions for addressing barriers to treatment participation for caregivers of legally involved youth.
Missed nursing care as reported by paediatric nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kohanová Dominika , Bartoníčková Daniela , Žiaková Katarína
Published: November 2023

Aims

Missed nursing care (MNC) significantly affects patient safety and quality of care. It is a widely used concept that has been studied in different settings, but research in paediatric care is quite limited. Therefore, this descriptive cross‐sectional study aimed to report the prevalence, patterns, correlates, factors and predictors of MNC in paediatric care units in two central European countries.

Design

A cross‐sectional comparative study.

Methods

Data collection was carried out between June and November 2021 using the MISSCARE Survey‐Pediatric. The study included 441 registered nurses working in paediatric care units in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in the SPSS 25.0 statistical program.

Results

Almost all nurses, 92.7% of nurses missed at least one nursing activity during the last shift. The most missed care activity in both countries was the promotion of neuroevolutionary development, and the most prominent reasons were labour resources. MNC was weakly but significantly correlated with nurse experience in the current position and was predicted by the country, nurse education and overtime hours (p ≤ .05). Differences in prevalence of MNC and reasons for MNC were identified based on several variables (p ≤ .05).

Conclusion

The assessment of MNC in paediatric settings is often a neglected area, although the prevalence in this study was moderate.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nurse staff shortages, as a global problem, have many impacts on patient outcomes in the delivery of nursing care. However, there are also many factors that can reduce the prevalence of MNC. More research should focus on a closer examination of these factors that involve hospital and nurse variables.

Reporting Method

The study was carried out according to the STROBE checklist and the RANCARE guideline.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Job insecurity and work–family interface as predictors of mental and physical health: The moderating role of family–work stereotype threat
Authors: Petitta Laura , Probst Tahira M. , Ghezzi Valerio , Bettac Erica L. , Lavaysse Lindsey M. , Barbaranelli Claudio
Published: November 2023

While a growing body of literature links the stressor of job insecurity (JI) with poor employee well‐being and increased work‐to‐family conflict (WFC), the current study specifically tests WFC as an explanatory mechanism of the relationships between affective JI (i.e., emotional reactions to the perceived threat to one's job) and poor health outcomes (i.e., mental and physical health). Moreover, this study uniquely examines how family–work stereotype threat (FWST; i.e., fears of confirming negative stereotypes about workers with family obligations) may exacerbate the relationship between perceived threats to one's job and employee reports of WFC. Using a cross‐country design, data from 707 employees in the United States (two‐wave) and 763 employees nested within 100 organizations in Italy (multilevel, cross‐sectional) largely supported the hypothesized mediation model. Specifically, WFC explains the association of JI with individual mental and physical health in both countries. Moreover, FWST exacerbates the direct relation of JI with WFC in the United States, but not in Italy. These findings suggest that the fear of losing one's job may prompt employee experiences of WFC and subsequent poorer physical and mental health; additionally, in the United States, this effect is even stronger among employees who reported higher levels of FWST. We interpret these heterogeneous findings in the light of nation‐related factors in managing increasingly insecure employment markets, especially after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed for improving both health and work–life boundary management of post‐pandemic workers.
Effects of screw channel angulation on the fracture resistance of one‐piece zirconia crown with titanium base
Authors: Wei Chen‐xuan , Saglik Berna , Sung Hsieh Hsiao Hsin , Guram Paramvir Singh J.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The design of the angulated screw channel in implant restorations allows the possibility to correct angulation discrepancies, especially in the anterior maxilla. However, the effects of varied screw channel angulations on fracture resistances and fracture patterns of the implant restorations are still uncertain, and thus the aim of this study.

Materials and Methods

Angulated screw channel monolithic zirconia crowns (Nobel Biocare) with three different angulation groups—straight (ASC1), 15° (ASC15), and 25° (ASC25)—were digitally designed from a left central incisor prototype scan. Following fabrication, 10 samples of each group were individually mounted onto implant replicas embedded in standardized type V stone gypsum cylinder jigs (25 mm × 25 mm). All screws were manually torqued to 35 Ncm according to the manufacturer's recommendation, and screw access openings were subsequently sealed with resin composite. To mimic the off‐axis loading of the central incisor, the specimens were then loaded at a cephalometric interincisal relationship of 135° between the long axis of the crown and the Instron force applicator, with crosshead speed set at 0.5 mm/min. Fractured abutment surfaces were examined, and selected specimens were further evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Screw torque values were also measured after the catastrophic loading. One‐way ANOVA was used to compare load‐to‐fracture values between groups, with the statistical significance set at 0.05 (p values).

Results

The mean load‐to‐fracture values in descending order were 331.24N (±34.00N) in ASC15, 325.22N (±35.50N) in ASC25, and 302.04N (±45.10N) in ASC1, with no statistically significant differences between groups. Considerable screw torque losses were found in all groups after catastrophically loading. The average torque loss was 84% in ASC1, 86% in ASC15, and 94% in ASC25. 16 out of 30 specimens experienced screw loosening; one ASC1 screw underwent slight deformation. Crowns of all tested groups exhibited cohesive fracture patterns at the screw‐metallic‐zirconia interfaces.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, one‐piece monolithic zirconia implant crowns with varied screw channel angulations shared similar fracture‐strength and fracture‐mode characteristics. The zirconia‐titanium base junctions exhibited the weakest link of all restorations.
Atmospheric Buddhism: How Buddhism is Distributed, Felt, and Moralized in a Repressive Society
Authors: Cho Yasmin
Published: November 2023

A growing number of lay Buddhist practitioners have sought out alternative ways to incorporate Buddhist teachings in their daily practices and make positive changes in society by “doing good” for others. Sometimes recognized as part of “humanistic Buddhism,” this approach emphasizes general morality and focuses on people who need help as a way to fulfill Buddhist teachings in this world. Some Chinese Buddhist practitioners who follow the Tibetan Buddhist tradition also carry out similar humanistic engagements but use more subtle space‐making processes and often “brand” these as Buddhist practices. Drawing on the ethnographic observations of lay Buddhist practitioners in urban China, this article examines how urban practitioners promote (middle‐class) morality and well‐being lifestyles through what I call “atmospheric Buddhism.” Ultimately, the article argues that an alternative mode of Buddhist practice is emerging in Chinese urban environments in order to cope with politically constrained environments.
From femme fatale to love goddess:Nineteenth‐centuryimages of women in sixties San Francisco psychedelic rock posters
Authors: Parke‐Taylor Michael
Published: November 2023

This essay sheds new light on the adoption and adaptation by Sixties San Francisco psychedelic poster artists of images of women from nineteenth‐century Symbolist, Art Nouveau, and Neoclassic sources. Nineteenth‐century stereotypes of women found new relevance when transformed into the visual rhetoric of west coast psychedelic dance‐concert posters from 1966 to 1970. The legacy of these nineteenth‐century images of women is traced in psychedelic posters designed by Wes Wilson, Stanley Mouse, Alton Kelley, Victor Moscoso, Raphael (Bob) Schnepf, and Tom Wilkes who primarily targeted male hippiedom at the same moment when Sixties second‐wave feminism was beginning to emerge.
Temptation and self‐control for the impure benevolent planner: The case of heterogeneous discounting
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , Kiguchi Noriaki , Takeoka Norio
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a “behavioral” model of a normative benevolent social planner, who faces a self‐control problem when he/she is in charge of aggregating diverse and conflicting preferences of individuals. The model is presented in the context of aggregating preferences over intertemporal streams of social outcomes, in which Zuber and Jackson and Yariv have shown the impossibility of a time‐consistent and Paretian social objective function. Unlike previous studies, our investigation focuses on the compatibility of the Pareto condition with the impure social planner who has a dynamically consistent self‐control utility function characterized by Gul and Pesendorfer. Assuming that the social planner is tempted to adopt the majority's opinion when there is a conflict of opinions among individuals, the paper characterizes an aggregation form in which the planner is allowed to depart from dictatorship in ex‐post choice under noncommitment.
Price and variety in the Salop model
Authors: Li Changying , Zhang Jianhu
Published: November 2023

Using a Salop circle model, this research analyzes the welfare implications of firm/product entry with information provision by consumers. While firms use consumer information to target sales efforts, consumers face privacy trade‐offs when providing their personal information. We show that (i) price and profit first increase, then decrease with more varieties; (ii) consumer welfare, affected by price, sales effort, privacy loss, and matching effects, first decreases, then increases with firm entry; (iii) equilibrium information is socially optimal given the number of varieties; and (iv) if the variable cost of providing sales assistance is low (high), free entry leads to too much (few) varieties and too little (more) information, from a social welfare standpoint.
COVID‐19 pandemic experiences of group home residents with intellectual disabilities: Findings from inclusive, qualitative interviews with self‐advocates in Massachusetts
Authors: Smith Matthew S. , Fracht Anne , Mairose Diana , Phillips Anthony , Stein Michael Ashley
Published: November 2023

Little research on the experiences of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) during the COVID‐19 pandemic has been done by persons with ID themselves. Moreover, little research focuses on group home residents with ID, despite the greater risks they faced of COVID‐19 transmission and mortality. To address these gaps, researchers with and without ID organized qualitative interviews and a focus group discussion with six group home residents with ID in Massachusetts. Study participants identified as self‐advocates and reported feelings of frustration and isolation that at times were exacerbated by community access restrictions imposed by their group homes. All participants described group home staff efforts to keep them physically safe, while some reported lapses that contributed to their risk of contracting COVID‐19. None described comparable efforts to address their social and mental health needs. All participants received information about COVID‐19 and related precautions from group home staff, but none reported receiving information about heightened risks of contracting COVID‐19 while living in group settings. Also, notwithstanding pandemic‐related challenges, most participants identified at least one positive change in their lives, either by changing where they lived or worked or by forging new relationships. Participants' perspectives, as presented to researchers with ID, shed unique light on the range of group home residents' pandemic experiences, signal opportunities for interventions addressing social isolation, and underscore the efficacy of inclusive research methods in eliciting information from research participants with ID.
Geopolitics and norms: Latin America and the international human rights regime
Authors: Dubé Sébastien
Published: November 2023

This article compares data on political regimes, international treaty ratification, and criminal indicators at the regional level to claim that Latin American countries are in a unique situation in the international system. Compared to other Global South regions, North America, and Europe, Latin America is a democratic region with the highest formal commitment to the international human rights regime yet has the highest levels of criminal activity. Other predominantly democratic regions do not experience the same problems related to criminal governance, such as state vulnerability and displaced populations. In addition, other regions where authoritarian regimes are the majority do not pretend to align with the principles of the international liberal order (ILO) as much as Latin America does. To explain this situation in the current context of challenges to the ILO, this article proposes the concept of geopolitics of norms to illustrate a dynamic in which nonmaterial factors such as identity explain norm adoption and adaptation in the region. We look at regional organizations and the adaptation of liberal human security principles to illustrate our point.
Harnessing student feedback to transform teachers: Role of emotions and relationships
Authors: Cavaleiro Inês , de Carvalho Filho Marco Antonio
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Feedback is crucial to promote learning and improve performance. However, we lack a nuanced understanding of how medical teachers reflect on and internalise (or not) student feedback (SF). This study aims to fill this gap by exploring how teachers make sense of SF to improve their performance and nurture their personal and professional development.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional qualitative study based on a constructivist paradigm, 14 medical teachers individually drew a Rich Picture (RP) of a feedback experience in which they received informal or formal feedback from students, resulting in a personal or professional change. After the drawing, we interviewed the participants to deepen our understanding of teachers' experiences. We analysed the drawings and interview transcripts using an iterative process of thematic analysis.

Results

SF that culminated in personal or professional change is a highly emotional experience for teachers, often with long‐lasting consequences. It may threaten or reassure their self‐concept and professional identity, generating feedback avoidance or feedback‐seeking behaviour. SF is particularly powerful in transforming teaching practices when teachers feel connected to students through an honest and constructive relationship. Remarkably, some teachers intentionally build relationships with certain (selected) students to get ‘qualified’ feedback. SF acceptance also increases when teachers are open to receiving feedback and there is an institutional culture that values feedback. Finally, medical teachers believe that formal (planned) feedback is relevant to improve the curriculum, while informal (spontaneous) feedback is important for promoting teachers' personal and professional development.

Discussion

SF has the potential to become a transformative learning experience for teachers. The student–teacher relationship and teachers' emotional reactions affect the way teachers make sense of and internalise SF and enact behavioural change. Understanding the complexity surrounding SF is vital for supporting teachers in seizing opportunities for growth and in nurturing a meaningful relationship with the act of teaching.
Advanced glycated end‐products inhibit dilation through constitutive endothelial RAGE and Nox1/4 in rat isolated skeletal muscle arteries
Authors: Naser Nadim , Lonj Chenchel K. , Rikard‐Bell Matthew , Sandow Shaun L. , Murphy Timothy V.
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study investigated the actions of advanced glycated end‐products (AGE), their receptors (RAGE), and NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) subtypes 1, 2, and 4 on mechanisms of endothelium‐dependent dilation of the rat cremaster muscle artery (CMA).

Methods

Immunofluorescence studies were used to examine expression of RAGE in rat arteries. ROS accumulation was measured using luminescence and fluorescence assays. Functional studies were performed using pressure myography.

Results

High levels of RAGE expression were shown in the endothelial cells of the CMA, compared with low endothelial expression in middle cerebral and mesenteric arteries and the aorta. Exogenous AGE (in vitro glycated bovine serum albumin) stimulated H2O2 accumulation in CMA, which was prevented by the RAGE antagonist FPS‐ZM1, the NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) inhibitor apocynin and inhibited by the Nox1/4 inhibitor setanaxib, but not the Nox2 inhibitor GSK2795039. In functional studies, AGE inhibited vasodilation of CMA stimulated by acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and the BKCa activator NS1619, but not adenosine‐induced dilation. FPS‐ZM1, apocynin, and setanaxib prevented the inhibitory effects of AGE on responses to acetylcholine and NS‐1619.

Conclusion

These observations suggest RAGE are constitutively expressed in the endothelium of the rat CMA and may be activated by AGE to stimulate Nox1/4 and ROS formation with resulting inhibition of NO and BKCa‐mediated endothelium‐dependent dilation.