bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Slag-Dredged Silt System Stimulated by Alkali
Authors: Chen Yi Xuan , Sun Xiu Li , Li Zhi Hua
Published: September 2013

The objective of this work is to investigate the stimulation effect of the addition of alkali on the fly ash and slag for stabilizing dredged silt. Based on the test results, a viable alternative for the final disposal of dredged silt as subgrade construction materials were proposed. For this purpose, several mixtures of dredged silt-fly ash-slag and alkali were prepared and stabilized/solidified. In this system, fly ash and slag were used as hardening agents (solidified materials) of dredged silt and alkali was used as activator of fly ash and slag. The shear strength of the mixture was tested by several direct shear tests. Furthermore, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to determine the hydration products of the system. The specimens were tested in order to determine the shear strength changes versus hydration time and the alkali content. It is indicated that mechanical properties of solidified silt are improved significantly by addition of fly ash and slag stimulated by alkali.
Heavy Metals Distribution in Gas and Solid Phases during Refuse Derived Fuel Incineration
Authors: Yang Fei Hua , Zhang Qiang , Li Chun Ping , Zhan Jia Yu , Zhang Hong Yu
Published: September 2013

Using the self-made experimental device, when MSW RDF was incinerated at temperature of 500°C ~900°C for 60min, Hg almost evaporated into the gas phase. With the increase of incineration temperature, concentration of 6 kinds of heavy metals in the gas phase increased and in the solid phase reduced significantly. The addition of 5% chlorine can make the concentration in gas phase of 8 kinds of heavy metal increased and heavy metal content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg in the solid phase decreased sharply. When the content of organic chlorine increased to a certain extent, no-volatile heavy metals such as Ni, Cr, concentration in the gas phase increased by about 30%. Compared with adding 5% PVC, the difference of adding 10% PVC is not significant. For Pb, Zn, concentrations in the gas phase increased and in the solid phase decreased slightly with water increasing, but effects on Cu were smaller, while on Hg, Cd, Ni, Cr, almost no effects.
Research on the Efficiency of Acid-Producing and Gas-Producing Based on the Enhancement of High-Performance Composite Strains
Authors: Zheng Guo Xiang , Liu Tian Fu , Yin Li Li , Zhang Yuan Bei , Yang Jie
Published: September 2013

A batch test was carried out to investigate the effect of acid-producing fermentative characteristic of a new complex strains LZF-12 with high lignocellulose-degradation ability, which straw was the only carbon source in acidogenic phase. Simultaneity, the biogas-producing performance was also researched by shifting the liquid end products from acidongenic phase to methane phase, which fermentative substrate was the mixture of cow dung and kitchen waste. The results indicated that major fermentation products of acidogenic phase was acetic acid accounted for 70% of total volatile acid, which would be in favor of microorganisms growth of methanogenic phase. In two-phase anaerobic fermentation system, the straw degradation rate of composite strains LZF-12 reached the maximum at 72 hour, among which the degradation rate of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin reached 55%, 67% and 13% respectively. The methane percentage of biogas-producing phase was more than 50% and 134.7mL/g VS of methane production rate was obtained.
Physioecologic and Metabolic Properties of a Ayntrophic Acetogenesis Coculture
Authors: Jiang Tao , He Jun Guo , Zeng Xiang Guo , Li Jian Zheng
Published: September 2013

In anaerobic digestion system, the functional niche of hydrogen-producing acetogens (HPAs) is between acidogenic fermentation bacteria and methanogens. HPAs are quite difficult to be isolated by pure and ampliative cultures due to the obligate anaerobic metabolism property in syntrophic association with methanogenic. In order to enhance the HPAs activities in anaerobic disgestion, the physioecologic and metabolic properties of HPAs under different medium conditions, such as carbon and nitrogen type, influent temperature and pH was investigated in batch cultivation experiments. The result illustrated that under the cultivation temperature of 45°C and pH of 8.0, the butyrate, propionate and benzoate could be utilized by the syntrophic acetogenesis coculture, of which the uptake rate of butyrate was highest. The glucose and sucrose were repulsed however. The metabolic activity of HPAs could be enormously simulated as the mixture of tryptone and yeast was taken as the nitrogen source.
Saline-Alkaline Grassland Improvement through the Bio-Engineering Technology
Authors: Liang Shuang , Liu Yan Yan , Lin Nian Feng
Published: September 2013

A century ago, Songnen Plain was a prairie which was suitable for grazing and farming with adequate water and vegetation resources and fertile land. Since the mid-20th century, due to anthropogenic and natural factors, salinization and desertification have rapidly expanded, which restricted the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the area. Russian melilotus offcinalia was used for saline-alkaline grassland improvement, obtaining significant environmental, ecological and economic benefits, playing an important role in the protection of land resources and the promotion of food security. The article suggests the bio-engineering technology for soil improvement to repair and rehabilitate degraded ecological environment of agriculture and animal husbandry.
An Underground Pollution of Water Purification Processing Equipment Develop
Authors: Yang You Ping , Weng Hui Hui
Published: September 2013

The development of a kind of subsurface sewage disposal device is to develop a subsurface sewage disposal device which uses physical filtration to improve water quality of some specific area. This device mainly consists of a pressure dissolved air vessel, purification filtrating equipment and a system controller. This device also uses modern control technology to make the water quality meet the requirement of the standard of domestic water and satisfy peoples demand for water by controlling the pressure and flow of water strictly and separate impurities and harmful substances from the sewage.
Discussion and Research on the Deactivation of the SCR Catalyst in the Coal-Fired Power Plants
Authors: Zhao Ning , Pan Si Wei , Wei Zheng Le
Published: September 2013

With the wide application of SCR technology, the deactivation of SCR catalyst has caught attention in the coal-fired power plants. The activities of fresh and used SCR catalysts were compared and the deactivation reasons were analyzed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that the specific surface area of the used catalyst decreased significantly, caused by the pore blockage of fly ash or sulfates on the surface of the used catalyst. The activity of the used catalyst decreased seriously, and the relative activity of the field sample had declined to 0.60. Moreover, according to the results of X-ray fluorescence, alkali poisoning was one of the main reasons for the decline in the activity of the catalyst.
Effect of Biochemical Organics on Pretreatment of Dye Wastewater by Flocculation
Authors: Wu Xiu Wen , Chen Rui , Ma Ping , Lan Hui Xia , Lan Shan Hong
Published: September 2013

Effect of the presence of acetic acid on the pretreatment of dye wastewater by flocculation was studied. The effects of pH, PAC and PAM dosage on the flocculation of dye wastewater containing acetic acid were studied, with the dye wastewater without acetic acid as the blank. The results showed that the optimal pH of the dye wastewater with acetic acid by flocculation was 8, and that of the dye wastewater without acetic acid was 6, but the CODCr removal efficiencies were no significant difference. The best dosage of PAC and PAM of dye wastewater containing acetic acid was 4g/L and 0.15mg/L respectively. The presence of acetic acid was no influence on the flocculation treatment of dye wastewater. Then the effect of different concentrations of dye wastewater containing acetic acid on the flocculation treatment was followed. The results showed that the treatment effect increased with the increase of wastewater concentration.
Effects of Different Thiobacillus on Bioleaching of Heavy Metals of Sewage Sludge in a Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yang Hui Ping , Wang Dun Qiu , Zhang Zheng Shi
Published: September 2013

A bioleaching experiment was carried out in two sequencing batch reactors (SBR) of 80 L. Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (A. t) and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. f) were enrichment cultured by adding sulfur powder and ferrous sulfate as substrate respectively. Sequential batch leaching ran for three periods in succession. The average removal rate of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn was 90.46%, 90.28%, 90.70% and 79.70%, 81.19%, 84.52% respectively. The average loss rate of total nutrient (total account of organic matter, TN, TP and TK) is 35.36%, 33.36% and 35.54% for three runs in sequence. Comparing with A. f, the acidification time of A. t is shortened by 3.0, 6.6 and 4.9 d, with the increase of 13.5 %, 11.2% and 7.3% for the removal rate of heavy metals.
Process Research of Ethanol Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ma Zhan Sheng , Ma Jing Huan , Liu Ying , Ren Qing Tong , Li Wei Xing
Published: September 2013

The ethanol wastewater from one certain chemical plant in Hebei province was treated by the combined process, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) + anoxic/oxic (AN/O) + membrane bioreactor (MBR) + reverse osmosis (RO). The results showed that COD removal rate was 70% when the UASB residence time (HRT) was 48h; and COD removal rate reach 85%, the removal rate of NH3-N was 70%. the removal rate of total phosphorus was 95% when the AN/O residence time (HRT) was 72h; the following COD removal rate was up to 90% when the MBR residence time (HRT) was 12h. The COD of the output water after treatment was lower than 30mg/L, and met the requirement of reused water.
Study on Preparation and Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of Supported TiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Miao Jing , Yu Hai Bin , Sun Yan Min , Teng Hou Kai , Liu Xiao Yun , Zeng Xian Jun , Li Shi Peng , Xie Chen Xin , Sui Yun Le , Zhou Peng
Published: September 2013

TiO2/α-Al2O3is prepared by liquid-phase deposition method from titanium ammonium fluoride. The morphography and crystal form of supported catalyst are analyzed by XRD and SEM. The results show that anatase is detected when the calcination temperature is 800°C, the interaction of TiO2and support inhibit TiO2transfer into anatase. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol makes the active component evenly distributed. It is found that when support for catalyst is honeycomb column α-Al2O3, loading amount is 4.0%, and calcination temperature is 800°C, the CODcr removal rate could reach 66%. Furthermore, no obvious evidence of deactivation and intensity for the catalyst could be seen after running for 100 hours.
Research of Sensing Probe Material in Wet and Dry Soil
Authors: Li Fu Sheng , Liu Xiao Chu , Yao Li , Chen Zhi Bin , Xiao Jin Rui , Huang Jun , Chen Fang Xuanzi
Published: September 2013

Soil moisture sensor probe is the basic and key part of the automated water-saving irrigation equipment. It can measure soil moisture accurately and in real-timely, while metal probes have a serious problem of corrosion and passivation as working in the soil which is a severe environment of the soil of high humidity and complex chemical compositions. Graphite gelling of different content of graphite composite material under both wet and dry conditions, the experimental study, by testing the experimental data of its resistivity contrast to identify the proportion of the composite material of graphite content suitable for the production of a new probe.
Waterfront as the Public Space of the City - Research on the Waterfront Park of the North Bund in Shanghai
Authors: Yang Chun Xia , Shang Wei , Rusconi Stefania , Bruneaux Beatrice Anne
Published: September 2013

The waterfront development in China faces the problems of landscape, ecology and sustainability. According to the research of the waterfront park in the North Bund of Shanghai, this paper discusses the main issues from the view of urban design and gives possible countermeasures for the future design. In order to make full use of the environmental resources, we should build a connection between the waterfront and the inside city, and provide more opportunities for individuals to keep closing to water.
Estimating Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in the Upper Huairou Reservoir Using the Export Coefficient Model
Authors: Zhang Wei Wei , Li Hong
Published: September 2013

Quantifying agricultural non-point pollution load accurately and understanding contribution of the pollution sources clearly is the base how to control non-point source pollution effectively. Pollution loads from agricultural non-point source in the upper Lianghuai basin of Huairou Reservoir, including Huaisha River and Huaijiu River basin, were estimated according to export coefficient modeling. The results show that total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads in Lianghuai basin respectively are 322.52 t and 35.769 t in 2011.The total nitrogen and total phosphorus load intensities in Huaisha River basin are higher than that in Huaijiu River basin. Farmland planting including orchard and cropland, livestock and poultry breeding and rural domestic waste make a greater contribution to total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads. The study can provide scientific basis for further understanding characteristics of the nitrogen and phosphorus loads and agricultural structure adjustment.
Concentrations and Pollution Assessment of Six Heavy Metals in Quercus aquifolioides Forest Soils
Authors: Yang Qing Song , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2013

Concentrations characteristics of six heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Mn, Zn, Pb) in 7 soil sample from different loactions ofQuercus aquifolioidesfrest were investigated. The concentrations and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the soils was assessed when compared to the background values of heavy metals in three different soils, i.e. total, yellow-brown and yellow soils in China. The average concentration of heavy metals inQuercus aquifolioidessoils was in the order Mn>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd, while the average concentrations of all examined heavy metals were lower than those in the Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (grade I) in China. In all examined heavy metals, Mn (474.7mg/kg) had the highest average concentration and Cd (0.039mg/kg) had the lowest one, with variation coefficients ranged 33-87% for the six heavy metals. Correlation analyses showed that the three heavy metals (Cu, Mn and Pb) probably came from the same resources, and so did of Cr and Pb. Comprehensive pollution indices (0.57-1.71) indicated theQuercus aquifolioidessoils were slightly polluted by the six heavy metals and ecological risk indices (8.42-51.0) also show the situation of heavy metals was in the slight level in the soils. Among the examined heavy metals, Cu and Cr were two main heavy metals who making pollution and potential ecological risk to the soils.
Tourists' Perception and Attitude to Grassland Tourism Landscape: A Case Study of Grassland in the Central Section of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Wu Tie Hong , Chen Tian , Fan Pei Pei , Yin Duo , Lin Fei Fei
Published: September 2013

Landscape perception, attitude and its impact on humans are the topics of modern geography study. Taking the grassland of central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example, the perception and attitude of grassland tourism landscape and their relations are analyzed by components analysis and multiple regression analysis. It is revealed that tourists perceive grassland landscape from three dimensions: national culture, tourism hospitality and natural landscape. All of the tourists' assessment for the perception and attitude to grassland tourism landscape are positive. The analysis of the relationship between tourists landscape perception and attitude showed that only seven out of twenty landscape perception items influence tourists' landscape image, satisfaction, recommendation intention and the willingness to revisit. The article verified that selectiveness was one of the most important characteristic of tourism landscape perception. Thus the advantage and disadvantage factors in the development of tourism destination could be distinguished according to the assessment of the landscape perception. As a result of the research, the demand of the tourism market has been made so clearer that it will provide a useful reference to the healthy development of grassland tourism industry.
Estimating Provincial Economic Development Level of China Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Satellite Imagery
Authors: Tang Liang , Cheng Hui , Qu Ge
Published: September 2013

How to estimate regional economic development level is important for solving regional inequality problems. Most of previous studies on regional economic development are based on the statistics collected typically in administrative units. This paper has analyzed the defects of traditional studies, and attempted to research regional economic development problems with 10-year DMSP/OLS nighttime light satellite imagery as a new data source. For exploring the relationship between DMSP/OLS nighttime light data and GDP, different types of curve fitting regression models have been tried, the Cubic model has shown the best performance with a coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.803. Based on this positive correlation, we have estimated provincial economic development level of China using DMSP/OLS nighttime light data. The research results have indicated that the DMSP/OLS nighttime light data can well reveal provincial economic development levels.
Implementation for Geologic Model Based on Surpac in ArcGIS Engine
Authors: Wu Wei Bin , Ji Hong Guang , Zou Jing , Zhang Zi Jian , Song Zhao Yang
Published: September 2013

In order to combine the advantages of Surpac in three-demensional modeling and ArcGIS Engine in three-demensional space analysis, the relation of data elements between Surpac and ArcGIS Engine is studied. In this study, the method of data conversion between two models is proposed. Take the model conversion of a large metal mine for example,showing the ability of the method,by adopting the software of Visual C++ to write a interface program of Surpac-ArcGIS Engine. The results show that the method of data conversion which is proposed in this study can switch Surpac and ArcGIS Engine.This switch function can extend the application space of ArcGIS Engine in Civil Engineering field.
Adsorption Drying Characteristics of Angelica dahurica and Mathematical Modeling on Large Scale
Authors: Dai Xin Ye , Ji Xiang , Tang Lei , Wang Hai Yan , Cui Qun
Published: September 2013

The low-temperature adsorption drying characteristics of thin-layer Angelica Dahurica were evaluated in a large scale dryer. The effects of drying medium temperature, relative humidity of drying medium and wind velocity on the drying characteristics were investigated. Page model using nonlinear regression method can preferably fit the drying characteristic of Angelica Dahurica under different drying conditions The work revealed the correlation between moisture content and drying process parameters. The drying coefficient and exponent in the page model can be expressed as a function of temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity of the drying air.
Research on Processing Technique of Hawthorn Fruit and Blackcurrant Compound Functional Beverage
Authors: Sun Hong Chen , Liu Dong Yue , An Shuai , Jia Jing Yu , Jia Meng Qiang , Liu An Jun
Published: September 2013

In this study, hawthorn fruit and blackcurrant were used as natural materials for studying processing technology of compound functional beverage. The optimal enzymolysis condition, clarification and color-preserving of this compound beverage were evaluated in order to provide basic data and scientific basis for the compound functional beverage development.
Wallrock Alteration and Metallogenic Stages of Pb-Zn Deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Border Area Southwest China
Authors: Jian Long , Gao Jian Guo , Dao Yan , Tan Qing Li
Published: September 2013

This paper described the wallrock alteration and mineralization of Pb-Zn deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area Southwest China, and summarized the wallrock alterations what are obvious, which include dolomitization, calcitization, pyritization, carbonation, ferritization, silicification and decolourization. In addition to dolomitization and calcitization,other wallrock alteration are associated with the formation and enrichment of Pb-Zn ore. Meanwhile, based on statistic analysis in mineralization age, and combined with the characteristics of Pb isotope, we confirmed four stages of mineralization in study area.
Geochemical Features of Cherts of Yinchanggou Pb-Zn Orefield in Ningnan County, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Li Ying Shu , Zhang Yi Ke , Yang Cheng Lin , Chen Jiao Jiao , Yang Dong Ming , He Da Qing , Cai Yan
Published: September 2013

In Yinchanggou lead-zinc mining area, Ningnan county, Sichuan province, there are many cherts in Dengying formation of upper Sinian series. By means of research on geological survey on field, petrology, major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements of the cherts, its proved that the cherts are chiefly composed of opal, jade and quartz, total amount of rare earth elements of the cherts for 1.36× 10-6, which is the light rare earth enrichment. For Fe/Ti is between 48.751and 194.44, (Fe+Mn)/Ti between 51.143 and 197.22, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) between 0.03 per cent, the cherts is mainly formed by hydrothermal sedimentation.
Diagenetic Facies in Paleocene Sandstones, Lishui Sag, East China Sea
Authors: Xu Fa , Zhang Peng Hui , Zhang Jin Liang , Zhang Ming
Published: September 2013

Diagenetic facies are rock bodies that reflect the synthesis of diagenetic characteristics and determine the exploration of favorable reservoirs. A study of the diagnenetic facies of Paleocene sandstones in Lishui Sag (China) was undertaken to unravel the controls on reservoir quality. Samples were studied using petrography, thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, and thus nine types of diagenetic facies were identified. Reservoir quality is mainly controlled by unstable grains dissolution facies and siderite cementation facies.
The Study on Copper-Molybdenum Polymetallic Mine Ore-Controlling Structure Conditions and Mineralization Forecast of the Jiudingshan
Authors: Wang Dong , Yan Yong Feng , Xu Qun
Published: September 2013

JiuDingshan copper-molybdenum polymetallic mine located in the "Sanjiang" metallogenic belt Southern Section, is typical of copper molybdenum deposit related to porphyry activities. Mining area is located in Erhai - honghe fault and Chenghai - binchuan fracture clamping of the triangle,Lijiang-heqing porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralization zone and the alkali rich porphyry clusters, the tectonic background of mining area is complicated at the same time, strong tectonic activities, has the very good ore-forming geological conditions and great prospecting potential.
Discussion on the Types Attribution and Comprehensive Utilization of High-Alumina Clay Ore
Authors: Wang Song , Zheng Jia Ping , Zhang Xiao Pei , Wang Shun Ran
Published: September 2013

High-Alumina clay ore is the protective exploitation of mineral stipulated by the Ministry of Land and Resources. Due to its physicochemical properties and ore characteristics are quite different from current ore types --refractory clay mineral. It is usually taken as a general refractory clay mine of high-Alumina clay in practical applications, which leads to massive misuse and great waste of high-Alumina clay ore. This paper will redefine the attribuation of high-Alumina clay ore by analysing its differences and similarities with refractory clay minerals and bauxite mines in mineralogy, rock chemistry as well as physical structure, and present some advice on its comprehensive usage aiming at the existed problems in comprehensive development and utilization.
Study on the Scattering Effect of Micro-Scale Inhomogeneity to the Elastic Wave
Authors: Yang Ning , Qian Xu
Published: September 2013

Some research on the wave propagation in random medium with Von Karman correlation has been developed in this paper. It focuses on the seismic record of circular disturbance in random medium with Von Karman autocorrelation function. Six different kinds of random medium become the background of the dielectric object. The study of the impact to the responds of the dielectric objects can be measured by applying the FDTD to random background medium model. The numerical results show that the random media make the most obvious effect when the scale of imhomogeneity is close to the wave length.
Study on the Tectonic Evolution in Central and Northern of Jiangnan Orogeny by Thermal Chronology
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Liao Zong Ting , Wang Chao
Published: September 2013

The isotope age distribution and frequency distribution histogram of Jiangnan orogeny were analyzed in this paper. Through measuring U-Pb, Sm-Nd, Rb, Sr, K-Ar, 40Ar/39Ar isotope and fission track in sealing temperature, the evolution history in Jiangnan orogeny was divided into four stages. New archean-paleoproterozoic tectonic thermal event, Proterozoic tectonic magmatic event, tectonomagmatic events during Jinning period, and early Paleozoic to Cenozoic tectonic thermal event were happened in 2958~2421 Ma, 2137~1625 Ma, 1379~726 Ma, and 445~45 Ma, respectively. Each construction phase could be divided into the different period of time. There were three long time tectonic thermal halcyon period between the four stages, which suggested that the tectonic movement was intermittent, not persistent in Jiangnan orogeny.
Simulation of Harmful Gas Spreading in Ventilation Network during Coal and Gas Outburst
Authors: Yang Shou Guo
Published: September 2013

With a view to ventilation network resolution and current flow diffusion, modules of resolution and one-dimensional gas diffusion in the ventilation network under unsteady state are established. Furthermore, above modules are combined organically so as to simulate coal and gas outburst incident in a mine. Simulation result fits quite close to the spot, and can give a good explanation for related phenomenon of gas outburst, which provides technique methods for research on influences of coal and gas outburst to the ventilation network.
Research on Rheological Behavior of Polyacrylamide Solution Seepage Flow in Porous Medium
Authors: Jia Yu Fei , Xu Miao , Liu Xiao Xiao
Published: September 2013

Polyacrylamide (polymer) solution which has different relative molecular mass and mass concentration in porous media has been studied in seepage flow experiment. Due to differences in pressure drop at different seepage velocities, the effective viscosities of different polymer solutions are calculated. Rheological behaviors of polymer solution changes in different mass concentration and relative molecular mass in porous media are analyzed. It is indicated that in the range of Darcy seepage velocity, acceleration is increasing during the process of pressure drop on both sides of core is resulted from the increase of flow rate during percolation, its effective viscosity first decreased, then increased with the increases of shear rate at range of Darcy velocity. Higher the relative molecular mass and mass concentration lead greater the effective viscosity.
The Evaluation and Application Effect of a Completion Fluid System in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Liu Qing Wang , Sun Meng , Fan Zhen Zhong , Zhao Wan Ying
Published: September 2013

In order to better protect the Daqing Oilfield Sanan oil field development, make experimental analysis and field applications of Sanan's core.Through the relationship between rheology and fluid loss ,achieve JGN best dosage of the entire completion fluid system, completion rheological law and evaluated regular patten.The effect of field application is obvious, improve strength of the oil production , the skin factor and injection pressure is reduced, and made better protect the reservoir effect.
Design for a New Type of Water Cut Meter Based on Fiber Optic Interferometer Used in Oil Well Logging
Authors: Guo Shi Sheng , Shang Ying , Liu Xiao Hui , Wang Chang , Zhao Wen An , Lv Jing Sheng
Published: September 2013

With the continual advancement of oil field development, water cut is an extremely important parameter which determines the transmission characteristics of the oil production and provides a scientific basis for oil and gas optimization exploration and increase of reservoir recovery. A new type of water cut meter based on fiber optic interferometer is proposed, sound pressure signal on the pipe is generated when the acoustic wave is propagated in a mixture of the pipe, the fiber optic sensors wrapped closely around the outside wall of pipe is capable of sensing sound pressure signal, the use of phase carrier technology aloud sound velocity is solved out through the method of Phase Generated Carrier (PGC) and sound pressure spectrum, then water cut can be solved according to the relationship between sound velocity and water cut.
Preparation of a Novel Nano-Polymer as Plugging and Filtration Loss Agent for Oil-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Wang Jian Hua , Li Jian Nan , Yan Li Li , Ji Yi Hui
Published: September 2013

Oil-based drilling fluids and synthetic based drilling fluids are frequently used in shale-gas plays when wellbore stability is necessary. In this paper, a novel nano-polymer, as a plugging agent in oil-based drilling fluid, was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analyses (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological properties, high temperature-high pressure (HTHP) filtration properties and permeability plugging properties of oil-based drilling fluids were greatly improved by adding the nano-polymer, due to its nanometer size and the compact layer formed on the surface of the core.
Study on Enhancing Oil Recovery by Indigenous Microorganisms in a Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Cui Qing Feng , Yi Li Na , Dong Han Ping
Published: September 2013

The feasibility of enhancing oil recovery in Xinjiang oilfield with heavy oil reservoir was studied. The results showed that main microbial populations in the reservoir were saprophytic, hydrocarbon-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and fermentative. Given optimized carbon and nitrogen sources, the indigenous microorganisms generated gases, which mostly were CO2, and amount of gases could reach 1.3 times volume as nutrient solution. The effect of MEOR was evaluated by a sand pack experiment, and the oil recovery was 9.5%. The test with the injection of nutrient and air was carried out. Field performance monitoring and product ion tracking results showed: 1the indigenous microorganisms were activated with the number increased 2-3, and microbial population structure changed apparently; 2The content of CO2 and CH4 in the gas of oil well changed slightly; 3the properties formation water were changed, the content of HCO3- in formation water varied greatly, and emulsion were found. 4Although Indigenous Microbial Flooding Technology may be a potential technique for the development of oilfields, that biogas generated by microbes is not the primary mechanism of Indigenous Microbial Flooding Technology is determined.
Research and Application of Cement Plugging Techniques in Evaporite Bed of Piedmont Tectonic Belt of the Tarim Basin
Authors: Dang Dong Hong , Gao Fei , He Jian Yong , Jiang Tao , Yao Bo Han
Published: September 2013

Situated on the piedmont tectonic belt of Tarim Basin, well KS-37 encountered large-section evaporite bed at the depth from 5100m to 5400m. Complicated geological conditions and narrow pressure safe density window prevent the cementing plug project to some degree. 2.26g/cm3 forerunner slurry, 2.26g/cm3 saturated saltwater spacer fluid aggravated by micro-manganese and 2.30 g/cm3 intumescence cement slurry, combined with corresponding technical measures have been utilized in the evaporite bed. As a result, cement plug operation has been accomplished successfully so as to meet the engineering requirements of side tracking. It is indicated based on field application that great progress has been made in the adoption of cement slurry of high density as well as corresponding technical measures, which can meet the requirements of plugging cement in evaporite bed in the condition of narrow pressure safe window.
Study on Rheological Properties of the Activated Polymer Flooding System
Authors: Zhang Jian
Published: September 2013

A novel kind of activated polymer flooding (APF) composing activated agent and polymer components designed for the target reservoir is studied for the first time. Interactions between the activated agent and natural surfactant from heavy oil, and the synergistic effect between the activated agent and polymer are existed. APF could enhance more oil recovery with less investment, compare to polymer-surfactant flooding (PSF) in the offshore heavy oilfield. The optimum formulation of APF is 1200mg/L polymer + 500mg/L activated agent. Experimental results implies that (1) the contained amide groups and sulfonic groups in APF can form hydrogen bonds with-NH2 groups contained in PM, (2) the apparent viscosity of APF was higher than PM along with the increase of shear rate, (3) the viscoelasticity, deformation capability and solubility of APF were much better than PM.
The Effect of CB15 on Cholesteric Liquid Crystal’s Thermal-Optical Properties
Authors: Ding Hang Jun , Wang Xue Ting , Mu Li Na , Yang Zhou , Yang Huai
Published: September 2013

A kind of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal was prepared by mixing CB15 with Nematic Liquid Crystal 1717. The influence of CB15 content on the CLC texture, pitch length and thermal optical properties were investigated. The results indicated that the CB15 content affected significantly the CLC texture and the content in the region of 8.0-12.0 wt% were optimal condition for realizing the thermally erase in which texture could be easily changed from scatting focal conic texture to transparent planar one.
Preparation and Properties of Anti-Salt Super Absorbent Resin
Authors: Jiang Shan Quan , Sun Xiang Wei , Ling Li Xin , Wang Jing
Published: September 2013

The maleic acid ( MA ) 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (PAMPS/AM/MA) superabsorbent copolymer was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization with ammonium persulfate as initiator,N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide ( NMBA) as crosslinking agent. The influence of neutralization degree of MA,mass ratio of AMPS to acrylamide ( AM) ,the amount of crosslinking agent and initiator,and reaction temperature on the absorption capability of water and salt solution were investigated. The results show that the water absorbency of the superabsorbent polymer prepared at the optimum condition in deionized water and in 0.9% NaCl solution is about 235 and 132g/g,respectively,and under the same conditions,the sample has more excellent water absorption and salt-resistance.
Simulation of a 6061 Aluminium Rectangular Tube Extrusion Using Porthole Dies
Authors: Lou Shu Mei , Xiao Lin Jing , Xing Guo Liang , Qin Sheng Xue
Published: September 2013

A 6061 aluminium rectangular tube extrusion using porthole dies was simulated by finite element software DEFORM-3D. The speed, stress, strain and temperature in the extrusion was given and analyzed. Using the original porthole die, the speed at the bearing entrance is not uniform. Bearing length at the rectangular corners should be increased. The stress, strain and temperature near the bearing are the largest, so the region of the die should be treated and enhanced.
Growth of Single Crystal and Effects of Electron Doping in Filled Skutterudite Compound PrFe4P12
Authors: Hao Li Jie , Iwasa Kazuaki , Liu Rong Deng , Ma Xiao Bai , Liu Zhong Xiao , Li Shi Liang , Hu Ding , Liu Yun Tao , Chen Dong Feng
Published: September 2013

PrFe4P12shows an anomalously phase transition from a heavy fermion (HF) state to a non-magnetic ordered state. We prepared single crystal sample of Pr (Fe1-xCox)4P12by Sn-flux method to investigate the effects of electron doping. The distinct change of magnetic property was observed. The phase transition of PrFe4P12rapidly disappears when doped rate x=0.03. This result indicates that the d-electron plays an important role in formation of Low-temperutre phase and HF state of PrFe4P12.
Research on the Performance of a New Reactive Emulsifier Two Poly Acid Sodium
Authors: Tan Yong Jie
Published: September 2013

Made from natural raw material two poly acid prepared a reactive anionic emulsifying agent, emulsifying agent used alone the by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization emulsion method. The reactive emulsifier carried out by self-made emulsifying capacity test and solution surface tension test. The particle size analysis, 1H - NMR and the surface tension of emulsion were investigated. Test results show that, the self-made reactive emulsifier emulsion is better than common anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate ( SDS twelve ), the critical micelle concentration of 28.6mmol / L.1 H - NMR and surface tension test showed that the emulsifier to participate in free radical polymerization, emulsion polymer by the reactive emulsifier 24h water absorption rate of only 2.81%, Zeta potential of up to a 70 ~ 60mV.
Fabrication of Cu and Pt Nanostructures by Electrodeposition Approaches
Authors: Li Lu Lin , Kuo Yang Kuao
Published: September 2013

A simple electrodeposition approach has been developed to fabricate Pt and Cu nanostructures via inorganic salt and surfactant to control the shape, size, and distribution of the nanomaterials. The Pt thin film fabricated by cyclic electrodeposition approach reveals low Pt loading amount and high electrocatalytic ability for the reduction reaction of tri-iodide ions indicating a great potential for the application of dye-sensitized solar cell as an efficient counter electrode.
Water Environment Quality Evaluation Based on FMEM
Authors: Xu Jing Han , Diao Yan Fang , Wang Gang , Yao Na
Published: September 2013

The objective water environment quality evaluation is very important to prevent and control the water pollution and provide scientific basis for water management. This paper is a trial application of the fuzzy matter-element evaluation method (FMEM) as a water environment quality evaluation method. In this method, compound fuzzy matter elements are established first, followed by establishment of the correlation function and evaluation method. The feasibility of this method is verified by citing water environment quality evaluation of DaWen River as an example.
Multi-Parameters Water Quality Model Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Zi Ming , Zhang Long Jiang , Wang De Guan
Published: September 2013

Based on the water quality index interaction of WASP model and the finite volume method, two-dimensional coupling model of water quantity and water quality was established. Then a random function module was added into the model having Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) function. Using GLUE method analyzes the uncertainty and sensitivity of the established model. The results show that organic sedimentation rateVS3is the most sensitive to total nitrogen changes, and its sensitive value range is 0.03-0.07m/d, while the influence of other parameters isnt obvious. By using the combinations of obtained sensitive parameters, the total nitrogen variation of Taihu Lake is simulated. The results are all within the 95% confidence interval, which explains that the model is reasonable.
Green University Star Rating Evaluation Based on the Multi-Level Grey Approach
Authors: Chen Ying Ling , Feng Xiao Ping , Liu Yu Kun , Tian Bei
Published: September 2013

In the view of the construction of green university throughout the world, this paper summarizes the principles, connotation and methods of the evaluation green university index system. An index system is established for assessment of green university, which contains the green concept, the green culture, the green research, the green education and the green campus. By applying the multi-level grey approach, the article tries to innovate the evaluation approach of green university and develop Green Star rating system. Taken Jiangnan university as a case study, a comprehensive evaluation model is employed to puts forward a feasible and useful way for green university evaluation.
Benefit Analyisis on the Development and Planning of the Renewable Energy in Tar
Authors: Han Ya Qin , Kong Rui
Published: September 2013

First, using the method of factor analysis, we can sum up four major factors which exert great influence on the energy development of TAR from a comprehensive study of those common factors. Judged by scores, those four factors can be ranked as the level of economic development, social development, industrial development and energy endowment, help evaluate the development conditions in different regions in TAR. Second, we use the hierarchical clustering method to conclude the three planning conditions of the renewable energy in TAR. Third, according to the special conditions in TAR and the above analysis, we can get a systemic three-stage planning project for the renewable energies. Given the different distribution of solar energy and wind energy in different areas in TAR as well as the different economic level and demands, the renewable energy development in different areas can be completed in a three-stage planning with three methods of planning. The complete development can bring an additional renewable energy of 4.045 billion KWH for Tibetan people in different areas. Last, we make a detailed analysis on the economic and social benefit as well as the environmental protection resources and environmental benefit brought by the development of renewable energy in TAR.
Research on the Application of Belladonna Dregs into the Aggregate Culture of Mushrooms
Authors: Wang Qing Rong , Kan Yi , Ding Qiang , Zhang Yue Qiu , Wang Cui Mei , Ma Yun Fei , Li Jun De
Published: September 2013

Recently the issues have aroused great concern among the high price and the tight supply of raw material of mushroom cultivation, the decreasing production effectiveness, the emission and the secondary pollution of Chinese medicine residues. This paper proposes a new cultivation formula by using belladonna dregs after abstracting by alcohol instead of some wheatgrass and cow dung, with the proportion of dung: wheatgrass: belladonna dregs: other materials as 15: 3: 11: 2. This aggregate culture has better physical and chemical properties and is easy to manage compared with the traditional one. With rapid mycelia growing and fruiting, the production can be increased by 12.6% as well as a promising marketplace with 4.1 yuan of net increase value per square meter. Meanwhile, the technology could provide environmental and social benefit by extending the recycling chain of biomass recourses.
The Toxic Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Rotifer Branchionus plicatilis
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang You , Tang Xue Xi , Fang Kuan
Published: September 2013

In the current study, two of the most environmentally relevant Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were individually evaluated for toxic effects on rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. The results showed that the life span declined significantly in all treatment groups (0.05mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L BDE-47 and BDE-209) compared to the control, and BDE-47 caused significant decrease compared to BDE-209 at 0.2mg/L treatment group. Significant increases of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurred in all treatment groups except for 0.05mg/L BDE-209 treatment group compared to the control, and significant increases were observed in all BDE-47 treatment groups compared to the equivalent treatment groups of BDE-209. Meanwhile significant increases of intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]in) occurred in 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L BDE-47 and 0.2mg/L BDE-209 treatment groups compared to the control, and BDE-47 cause significant increase compared to BDE-209 at 0.2mg/L treatment group. The present study demonstrated that life span, ROS and Ca2+ were involved in PBDEs toxic effects, and toxicities of BDE-47 were higher than BDE-209. Otherwise, the toxic effects in both BDE-47 and BDE-209 were similar, which suggest that the toxic effects of two PBDEs congeners may be caused by the same toxic mechanism of action.
Study of Red Mud Improvement with the Mixing Method and the Impact of Pennisetum hybridum Plantation on Red Mud Amendment
Authors: Ma Chong Jian , Ming Hui , Li Hua Shou
Published: September 2013

currently, the comprehensive utilization of red mud has been a worldwide challenge. Due to high alkaline level and a serious lack of nutrients, a great amount of red mud has been stocked in the open rather than covered by plantations, which showed harms to the atmosphere, water and soil environment. In order to explore a more effective phytoremediation approach of red mud and screen plants with strong tolerance, the research group applied Pennisetum hybridum as the experiment material for a long term, which is a new energy plant in the field of ecological environmental management and restoring. Through the addition of different types of addictives, his experiment conducted the plantation Pennisetum hybridum based on red mud improvement matrix. Besides, a systematic research of the improvement effects of different ameliorants on red mud was conducted. Concurrently, the growth of Pennisetum hybridum in different groups of the experiment was investigated. Their mutual effect on the improvement effect of red mud was analyzed systematically. Results demonstrated that effective raw materials of red mud improvement include phosphogypsum, wastes of polluted and edible mushrooms. These can significantly reduce the pH and conductivity of red mud. After the improvement, Pennisetum hybridum can grow vigorously in the mixture matrix of red mud, and significantly improve the red mud matrix. Concurrently, considerable biomasses were obtained. The experiment results demonstrated that the addition of necessary nutriments for the plant growth was very important for red mud. The research has laid a solid foundation for the identification of the great potentials of Pennisetum hybridum in red mud phytoremediation, the further exploration of its role of restoring of red mud and the extensive application and promotion in the future.
Temporal Trends and Spatial Variations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric PM10 of Jinan, China
Authors: Luo Jie , Cui Zhao Jie , Du Shi Yong , Fan Guo Lan
Published: September 2013

In order to investigate the distributions and characters of sixteen (U.S. EPA) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM10, samples were collected from three districts in Jinan, P.R. China during 2004-2005 and 2008-2009. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs were 33.6-627.3 ng·m-3 in 2004-2005 and 37.4-696.0 ng·m-3 in 2008-2009. Annual variations were slight. A small increase of PAH level presented from 2004-2005 to 2008-2009, while four and five aromatic rings accounted for 70% of all PAHs. An obvious seasonal trend of PAH abundance was observed. The highest concentrations of PAHs were measured in winter. Benzo (k) fluoranthene (BkF, 4-ring) and fluoranthene (FluA, 5-ring) were the most abundant PAHs in winter. Spatial variations of PAHs were obviously impacted by local pollution sources. In non-heating seasons, the district had more industries and traffic presented the most PAHs; in heating seasons, the district that had higher population density appeared more contamination for the domestic heating.