bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND VISCERAL ORGAN WEIGHTS OF RABBIT DOES FED YAM PEEL MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE
Authors: Ate M. E. , Chia S. S. , Adagi J. M.
Published: December 2024

The study was aimed at evaluating the effect of replacing maize with yam peel meal (YPM) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and visceral organ weights of rabbit does. The experiment was conducted at the Rabbitry unit, Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. A total of twenty-four (24), seven (7) weeks old female rabbits were used for this study which lasted a period of 56 days. The rabbits were grouped into four (4) according to Four (4) treatments. The rabbits were grouped into four (4) treatments, each treatment replicated into six (6) with each replicate containing one (1) rabbit. The rabbits were given water and feed ad - libitum. The data collected were initial body weight, weekly body weight, feed intake, water intake, carcass weight and weights of visceral organs. The data collected were subjected to One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result showed no significant (P>0.05) differences among all the parameters measured. The result of the study indicates that yam peel meal can be used successfully to replace maize up to 75% in conventional rabbit feeds without any deleterious effect on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and visceral organ weights of growing rabbit does.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MEASUREMENTS AND SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS IN KANO BROWN BUCKS FED GROUNDNUT HAULMS SUPPLEMENT
Authors: HASSAN A. M. , IYEGHE-ERAKPOTOBOR G. T. , AKPA G. N.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted to determine the relationship between body measurements and semen characteristics in Kano Brown bucks (KBB). Twenty (20), twelve (12) months old KBB with an average body weight of 12.3 kg were used. The animals were randomly allocated to 5 treatments (n = 4 animals per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Data were collected for 16 weeks. Group 1 (control) were fed with the basal diet (wheat bran and sorghum chaff) at the ratio of 2:1. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were also fed the basal diet and supplemented with 100, 200, 300 and 400g/head/day of groundnut haulms respectively. Results showed that, semen volume was positively correlated with initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, hearth girth, withers height, body length and scrotal circumference (r = 0.026 to 0.308, p<0.05). Semen colour was negatively correlated with weight gain, withers height, body length, initial weight, final weight, feed intake, heart girth and scrotal circumference (r=-0.052 to -0.189, p<0.05). Semen pH was found to be positively correlated with initial weight, final weight, weight gain, withers height, body length, and scrotal circumference (r =0.022 to 0.322, p<0.05). In other words it is negatively correlated with feed intake and heart girth (r =-0.035 to -0.004, p>0.50). Live and dead ratio was shown to be positively correlated with final weight, weight gain, feed intake, heart girth, withers height, body length, scrotal circumference (r = 0.038 to 0.430, p<0.05), but negatively correlated with initial weight (r = -0.009, p>0.05). Semen concentration was positively correlated with body length (r=0.211, p<0.01), but negative correlated with other body growth parameters (r=-0.40 to -0.153, p>0.05). On other hand, sperm motility was positively correlated with weight gain, feed intake, hearth girth, withers height, and scrotal circumference (r = 0.001 to 0.059, p>0.05), while it was negatively correlated with initial weight, final weight, and body length (r = -0.006 to -0.075, p>0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of up to 400g per head per day of groundnut haulms resulted in increased positive relationship between growth parameters and semen traits of Kano Brown bucks.
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BROILER CHICKEN FED DIETS CONTAINING GARLIC, GINGER AND TURMERIC AS FEED ADDITIVES
Authors: Malik A. A. , Yabagi A. , Yakub S. O. , Bamidele H. B. , Oduola A. A. , Ishola O. J.
Published: December 2024

A total of one hundred and ninety-eight (198) broiler chicks were used in a 56-day feeding trial to determine the carcass characteristics and sensory properties of broiler chickens fed diets containing garlic, ginger and turmeric as additives. The birds were randomly allocated into six (6) treatments (T1-T6). Each treatment had three replicates with eleven (11) birds per replicate. T1 was the control diet; T2 had an inclusion level of 0.75 % turmeric; T3 had an inclusion level of 0.75 % turmeric and 0.50 % garlic; T4 had an inclusion level of 0.75 % turmeric and 1.00 % inclusion level of garlic; T5 had an inclusion level of 0.75 % turmeric and 0.50 % inclusion level of ginger; T6 had an inclusion level of 0.75 % turmeric and 1.00 % inclusion level of ginger. The birds were offered feed and clean drinking water ad libitum for eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and deprived of feed for 12 hours; then weighed to determine their live weights. The birds were then slaughtered, by cutting their jugular veins to allow proper bleeding. The slaughtered birds were defeathered using hot water and eviscerated to evaluate their carcasses. The results showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the values obtained for dressing percentage and the primal cuts such as neck, wings, breast, thigh, drumsticks, shanks and back. However, there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the values obtained for live weight, defeathered weight, dressed weight and weight of the head. For the sensory properties, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the values obtained for appearance, flavour, aroma and overall acceptability. However, there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the values obtained for juiciness and tenderness. The highest juiciness value was recorded in broiler birds fed diet T6 (8.35) but was not significantly different from those recorded for broiler birds fed diet T2 (7.85), T3 (8.00), T4 (7.75) and T5 (7.95). The least value (7.55) was recorded in broiler groups fed the control diet T1. It can be concluded that the inclusion level of 0.75 % turmeric and 1.0 % inclusion level of garlic as feed additives in broiler diet improved the live weight, defeathered weight and dressed weight of broiler chicken. It also improved the sensory properties of the meat of broiler chicken, especially the juiciness and tenderness.
HEMATOLOGY AND SERUM ELECTROLYTES OF WEANED DAIRY CALVES RAISED IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA ECO-ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: OKIN H. O. , ADELOYE A. A. , AKINSOLA O. M. , JIMOH O. A. , JINADU L. A.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of breed on hematological indices and serum electrolytes as a measure of health status of multibreed reference population in the derived Savanna zone of the tropics. 21 dairy calves comprising of 7 Bunaji, 7 Jersey and Jersey x Bunaji were used for the study and their packed cell volume, white blood cell (WBC) and its differential counts, red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, serum potassium, sodium, calcium and phosphorus were assessed. Results obtained reveal no significant (p 0.05) difference in the hematological indices measured except for WBC and RBC. The WBC and RBC of New Jersey calves was significantly (p<0.05) the highest, while the significant (p<0.05) least value obtained in the Jersey x Bunaji breed. The serum electrolytes were statistically (p>0.05) similar across the breeds. It is therefore concluded that the hematological parameters were within the normal physiological range for healthy calves which shows proper adaptability to the ecological zone.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS ON COLD AQUEOUS JATROPHA TANJORENSIS LEAF EXTRACTS
Authors: Omoikhoje S .O. , Eguaoje A. S. , Iyiorobhe P. , Akangbe E. , Aidelomon E.O.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to assess the growth performance, cost and returns of broiler chickens on cold aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis. A hundred and fifty (150) anak 2000 broiler chicken was randomly allotted into five (5) treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment group contained three (3) replicates with ten (10) birds each per replicates and the experiment lasted eight 8 weeks (56days). The birds were fed commercial starter diet for one week acclimatization period after which they were fed formulated started and finisher diet. The T1 (control) which took the antibiotic (Doxygen) in drinking water, while the birds in T2, T3,T4, and T5 were offered cold aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves at 25mL, 50mL, 75mL and 100mL per liter of drinking water, respectively. The result showed the different dosages of CALEJ did not significantly (P>0.05) influence the live weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio but the daily feed intake on broiler chicken were significantly (p<0.05) Influenced. Average live weights were statistically similar (p>0.05) among birds with respective values of 824.44, 878.89, 835.56, 866.66 and 872.22 g/bird in treatments 1 (control), 2 (25mL CALEJ), 3 (50mL CALEJ), 4 (75mL CALEJ), and 5 (100mL CALEJ). In this study, it was observed that the administration of different dosages of cold aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis did not adversely affect the growth performance and feed efficiency of broiler chickens. However, the best growth performance, cost and returns were obtained in broiler chickens administered 25mL CALEJ per litre of drinking water. This therefore revealed the potential of cold aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis as probiotics additive in poultry production.
EVALUATION OF PROXIMATE, MINERAL COMPOSITION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GONGRONEMA LATIFOLIA LEAF MEAL
Authors: Eguaoje A. S. , Ehebha E. T. E. , Aidelomon E. O. , Akangbe E. , Obajuluwa O. V. , Iwenekha M.
Published: December 2024

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the phytobiotic potentials of Gongronema latifolia which is an indigenous medicinal plant in some African countries. To achieve this an evaluation into the proximate, vitamins, mineral elements and phytochemical compositions of the leaf was carried out using quantitative standard methods. G. latifolium showed high crude protein and fat contents but low in fibre, showed traces of some micro minerals such as Ma, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cu and Cr but selenium was not detected. It contained high Vit. A and Vit. C while others were low but present in the plant. Alkaloids, Flavonoids and lycopen were predominant in the plant while other phytochemical assesed were in trace amount. However Haemagglutin was not detected. Conclusions made from the study are: G. latifolium possess the phytochemicals that could provide livestocks with nutrients needed for growth and development, health improvement, as well as antioxidants benefits.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF HEXANE EXTRACT OF GINGER OR/AND GARLIC ON GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM CHALLENGED BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: Ngwueche C. C. , Ajuka L. C. , Nwigwe U. , Adeolu A. I. , Isaac U. C. , Nkwocha G. A. , Nwose R. N. , Nwakpu P. E.
Published: December 2024

A total of 120 1-day-old broiler chicks was used to study efficacy of hexane extract of ginger or/and garlic on growth performance of Salmonella Typhimurium challenged broiler chicken. The chicks were randomly allotted into 4 treatment groups (T1=control, T2=gallic; T3=ginger and T4= garlic and ginger extract) each of 3 replicates with 10 chicks per replicate. Except control group, each treatment group were administered garlic extract; ginger extract and extract of both garlic and ginger at 10 mL each/L of water, respectively for the period of the experiment (8 weeks). Data obtained were subjected to the analysis of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version, 25.0) The results showed no significant different (p˃0.05) in all the performance traits measured. However, birds on combination of garlic and ginger extracts recorded numerically higher values for final body weight (2833.33g); final weight gain (2827.93) and total freed intake (65496.00g). It was actually discovered from this study that broilers placed on combined extract of garlic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) against Salmonella typhimurium showed higher growth performance.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF POSTBIOTICS AND PARAROBIOTICS ON IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Danladi Y. , Teck C. H. , Hooi L. F.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding postbiotics and paraprobiotics on the immune response of broiler chickens. A total of 336 COBB 500 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into eight treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, and T8). The treatments were as follows: T1(Negative control)=Basal diet, T2 (Positive control)=Basal diet + 0.01% oxytetracycline, T3= Basal diet + 0.2% postbiotic TL1, T4=Basal diet + 0.2% postbiotic RS5, T5=Basal diet + 0.2% paraprobiotic RG11, T6=Basal diet + 0.2% postbiotic RI11, T7=Basal diet + 0.2% paraprobiotic RG14 and T8=Basal diet + 0.2% paraprobiotic RI11. The ileal cytokines expression using Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-α) were (p<0.05) downregulated by postbiotics, paraprobiotics, and the positive control. While the mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. In conclusion, postbiotics and paraprobiotics were found to be effective in modulating and improving the immunity of broiler chickens against infections that are due to intestinal inflammation thereby creating a healthy gut for better nutrient absorption and overall improvement of the growth of broiler chickens.
THE IMPACT OF KITCHEN WASTE AND SOME SELECTED VEGETABLE LEAVES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED RABBITS
Authors: Sudik S. D. , Maidala A. , Kalla D. J. U. , Lawan A. , Amaza I. B. , Makinde O. J.
Published: December 2024

This study focused on determining the effect of selelcted vegetable leaves on the performance crossbred rabbits. The leaves of seven vegetables: pawpaw (Carica papaya) carrot (Daucus carota), garden egg (Solanum macrocarpon), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were harvested, dried and milled to produce pawpaw leaf meal (MLM), carrot leaf meal (OLM), garden egg leaf meal (GELM) and tomato leaf meal (TLM). Remnants of food that remain after cooking, such as fruit and vegetable scraps, bread, eggshell/, broken grains and leftovers on plates was supplemented as kitchen scraps. Sixty four (64) weanling male rabbits weighed about 800 grams were divided into four groups, each consisting of 16 rabbits which were replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. They were fed different combinations of kitchen scraps and the dry leaves as follows: kitchen scraps+pawpaw leaf meal (CONTROL), kitchen scraps+carrot leaf meal (KCLM), kitchen scraps+garden egg leaf meal (KGLM) and kitchen scraps+tomato leaf meal (KTLM). The respective treatments and water were supplied ad libitum for a 12th week experimental period. The results showed that rabbits fed KCLM had a significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain compared to those in the control group. On the other hand, rabbits fed KGLM and KTLM had lower weight gains than the control group. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in rabbits fed KGLM and KTLM compared to the control group, while rabbits fed KCLM had similar feed intake to the control group. Feed conversion ratio was similar between the control group and rabbits fed KCLM, but poorer in rabbits fed KGLM and KTLM. Dressed weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in rabbits fed KCLM than in the control group, while it was lower in rabbits fed KGLM and KTLM. However, dressing percentage was similar between the control group and rabbits fed KCLM, but lower in rabbits fed KGLM and KTLM. In conclusion, carrot leaf was found to enhance the performance of rabbits when supplemented with kitchen scraps, compared to garden egg leaf and tomato leaf.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES COATED WITH WILD SUNFLOWER LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Ola A. K. , Ojebiyi O. O. , Akinwumi A. O. , Lateef A.
Published: December 2024

Nanotechnology is one of the approaching techniques with the ability to increase global nourishment while improving dietary esteem, quality and security. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of diets containing Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. Two hundred (200) day old Abor Acre strain of broiler chicks were weighed and randomly divided into 5 treatments of four replicates each. There were 10 birds per replicate making a total of forty (40) birds per treatment in a completely randomized design experiment. The birds in Treatment 1 were fed diets without the test ingredients (control), birds in Treatment 2, 3, 4 and 5 had control diet + 0.01%, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07% of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles respectively. The experiment lasted for seven weeks. Result shows that Treatments 3, 4 and 5 had the highest final weight gain of 2244.09, 2216.14, 2249.97g respectively and the daily weight gain of 44.74, 55.03 and 45.03g. Treatments 1 and 2 had the highest daily feed intake of 81.06g and 80.94g respectively while the lowest feed intake (77.00g) was obtained in Treatment 2. The feed cost/kg weight in Treatment 1 (670.17g) was the highest and the lowest (597.81g) was in Treatment 5. It was concluded that feeding Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles coated with Wild Sunflower leaf extract up to 0.07% inclusion level has no adverse effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens with 0.03% as the most recommended dosage for growth performance.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF WEANED PIGS FED AERIAL PART OF MEXICAN MINT (PLECTRANTHUS AMBOINICUS) (LOUR.) SPRENG
Authors: Adebiyi F. G. , Adebiyi O. A. , Adebisi O. B. , Dunmade A. S. , Salahudeen R. B. , Oyarinde O. , Ibrahim S. T. , Alaba O. , Olatunji G. J. , Fatokun J. O. , Ogunnusi O. J. , Ogunwole O. A.
Published: December 2024

A 3-week trial was conducted to assess the effect of short-term feeding of Mexican mint (Plectranthus amboinicus) (MM) on growth performance and selected haematological parameters of weaned pigs. Thirty weaner pigs aged six weeks, average weight of 5.8 ± 0.3kg were randomly allotted to five treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was further subdivided into three replicates of two pigs each. Treatment one (T1) was the control and had no P. amboinicus, treatments two (T2), three(T3), four (T4) and five(T5) consisted of 2, 4, 6, and 8% of freshly cut aerial part of P. amboinicus respectively. Feed intake and weight gain of the pigs were recorded and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Blood samples for haematological evaluations were collected at the anterior vena cava of the pigs at the termination of the 3-week trial. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the feed intake and weight gain however, the FCR was significantly(p<0.05) improved in pigs fed T2(2.53) when compared with pigs on diets T1 (2.76), T3(3.06), T4(3.29) and T5(2.77). The haemoglobin concentration of pigs on diet T3 had the highest Hb value of 12.47g/dL, followed by T5(12g/dL), T1(11.47g/dL), T4 (10.50g/dL), All other haematological parameters were similar. In conclusion, the inclusion of P. amboinicus up to 4% improved the feed conversion ratio and haemoglobin concentration in weaner pigs. However, a further addition of raw P. amboinicus beyond 4% is of no added advantage.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER FINISHERS FED PROCESSED CASSAVA PEELS IN A MIXED DIETS
Authors: Falola O. O. , Fasuan T. O. , Lawal A. T.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of broiler chicken fed processed cassava peels at finishers phase using different processing methods. The cassava peels were processed using five different methods: SUCP(sun dry), BOCP ( boiling), ENCP (ensiling), SOCP ( soaking), NOCP ( control, no cassava peels). Diets formulated contained 10% of each treatment except treatment NOCP which is the control. A total number of one hundred and fifty day-old chicks were purchased from a reputable hatchery and fed commercial feed for four weeks.The birds were alloted into five dietary treatments at fourth week and were fed ad-libitum with the test ingredient. Proximate composition of the feed , daily feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) were also determined. The values obtained forcrude protein was from (18.08 – 18.99%), crude fibre was from (11.20 – 13.80%), ash was from (4.20- 10.70%) and ether- extract was in the range of 5.42 – 7.40%. Daily feed intake was in the range of 1.45kg in treatment NOCP to 1.75kg)in BOCP, weight gain ranged from1.32 to 1.84kg, final body weight varied from 2.24 – 2.84kg. Feed conversion ratio also vaied from 0.87 in SUCP to 1.25 in NOCP. It can be concluded from the result of this study that substitution of maize with 10% of the differently processed cassava peels improved the growth performance of broiler finisher. Birds on treatment ENCP (ensiled cassava peels) performed better than other treatments on processed cassava peels, but lower than birds on control diet.
EFFECT OF CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA) LEAVES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY OF GROWER MONGREL RABBIT
Authors: Abdullahi A. Y. , Zango M. H. , Madaki S. , Nasir M. , Khaleel A. G. , Abdulrazak N. , Isyaku I. A. , Muhammad M. S. , Abubakar A.
Published: December 2024

A total of twelve (12) mixed breeds and sexes of grower rabbits were used to investigate the effect of varying level of supplementation of carrot leaves on their growth performance and nutrients digestibility. The study was conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of Animal Science Department, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil. The rabbits were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments with three rabbit per replicate. The control treatment (T1) contained 0% carrot leaves while treatment T2, T3 and T4 had 5%,10% and 15% carrot leaves dietary respectively. Clean water and feed were offered ad libtum to the rabbits and the record of their feed intake and growth performance were taken for 8 weeks. At the end of the 7th week, a nutrient digestibility trial was carried out. The result showed that there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in final body weight, total weight gained, total feed Intake, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. However, their values differed. Final body weight, total weight gained and average daily weight gained of the treatments groups were all higher than values of control group. Total feed intake and average daily feed intake were followed same trend. While feed conversion ratio showed that T4(4.14%) had the lowest value and control group had the highest value. The digestibility of ether extract, crude fibre and ash showed significance (p<0.05) difference across the treatments. In ether extract T2(13.31%) had the highest value than the other treatments while the lowest value was observed in T1(9.84). For Crude fibre T3(25.72%) and T4 (25.26%) were significantly differed with T2; However, T1 was not significantly different (p>0.05) from other treatments. While for ash T2(11.79%) differed significantly from T3, T1 and T4. Hence it is concluded that carrot leaves can be supplemented up to 15% in grower rabbit diet with no detrimental effect on growth performance and nutrients digestibility.
PRODUCTION OF INSECT-BASED PROTEIN MEAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL SOURCES IN LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES
Authors: Oladejo O. A. , Akintaro O. , Ayoola M. O. , Kolawole P. E. , Oguntunji A. O. , Alabi O. M.
Published: December 2024

Predictions suggest that by 2050, the global population will be more than 9 billion people, leading to a potential 70% surge in the demand for animal proteins. The production of poultry incurs a significant cost, with about 70–75% attributed to feed expenses. Producers in developing nations, such as Nigeria, grapple with challenges stemming from the high prices of protein and energy-rich feed ingredients, impacting the overall cost and pricing of poultry feeds. The high prices and limited availability of conventional feed ingredients especially fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) underscore the need for sustainable alternatives with comparable amino acid profile most especially lysine and methionine. In this context, exploring alternative and cost-effective sources of animal protein becomes crucial for mitigating production overheads. One promising avenue involves the integration of insects, particularly the black soldier fly (BSF), into poultry diets. The BSF is unlike other insect species that are lethal and pathogenic; and it is well-suited for large-scale industrial manufacturing of livestock feed. Livestock meals derived from BSF larvae (BSFL) present a reliable, economical, and highly nutritious alternative to traditional animal protein sources. The BSF larvae proteins is a prospective alternative to the conventional protein sources. Integrating BSFL into poultry production systems emerges as a promising strategy to enhance sustainability, waste management, circular bioeconomy (re-use, recycle), low-cost alternative to fish meal, mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and positive impact on the health and welfare of poultry species.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF AFRICA LOCUST BEAN HULL (PARKIA BIGLOBOSA) SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT TREATMENT METHODS
Authors: Yisah L. J. , Joseph M. A. , Adebayo O. M. , Fanwo R. R. , Aliu K. A. , Abisoye F. O. , Aina E. T.
Published: December 2024

The proximate composition of Africa Locust bean hull (Parkia biglobosa) subjected to different treatment methods was evaluated. The Parkia biglobosa bean Hull was collected at various processing sites around Itakpe community, air-dried, ground, divided into five portions and respectively treated with molasses, ashes, urea and water (soaking) while the untreated served as the control. It was thereafter fermented in air-tight containers for a period of 14 days. The result showed that the moisture content was statistically similar (P>0.05) among means of samples soaked in water, urea-treated and molasses-treated but differed significantly (P<0.05) from untreated (highest-11.91%) and ash-treated (lowest-8.43%) samples. The moisture content values ranged: 8.43-11.91%. Different trend was noticed for ash contents as the untreated, urea-treated and ash-treated shows no significant difference (P>0.05) but differed from samples soaked in water and molasses-treated, with highest value recorded for water-soaked sample (9.44%) and lowest value in untreated (2.88%). The crude fibre content differs significantly (P<0.05) among means of the treatment methods. The observed highest (49.26%) and lowest (11.11%) values were recorded for untreated and molasses-treated respectively. The protein content obtained values are, viz: Untreated (25.14%),water-treated (26.71%), urea -treated (29.62%), molasses-treated (15.57%) and ash-treated (20.14%).The crude fibre contents for molasses and ash-treated samples revealed the excellent fibre-reducing ability of molasses and ashes with little effects on the crude protein. It is therefore concluded that molasses and ash-treated samples have proven to be a viable option that could be harness for use in non-ruminant diets.
COMPARING THE EFFICACY OF TWO SUPPLEMENTAL METHIONINE TYPES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TWO LAYING HEN STRAINS AT THE STARTER PHASE
Authors: Kareem D. U. , Adeniran A. D. , Adeyeye E. A. , Amos A. T. , Idowu O. P. A. , Aboderin A. T. , Orbugh A. T. , Idowu O. M. O.
Published: December 2024

Methionine is considered the first limiting amino acid in poultry, commercial laying hens inclusive. Poultry birds cannot meet their methionine requirement from conventional feedstuffs, hence the need for supplementation. This experiment was therefore conducted to compare the efficacy of two supplemental methionine types on growth performance of two laying hen strains at the starter phase. A total of 120 14-day-old ISA Brown pullet chicks were randomly allotted to four treatments with three replicates of ten birds each. The treatments were arranged in a 2x2 factorial design of two methionine types (DL and MHA-FA methionine) and two laying hen strains (Isa brown and Dekalb Amberlink). The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant (p<0.05) means compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Growth performance (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and % mortality) data were collected. All observed growth performance variables were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the methionine types, hen strains, nor their interaction. It could therefore be concluded that both MHA-FA and DL methionine are good sources of supplemental methionine, and thereby could be utilised in pullets’ diets, during the starter phase. Also, both Dekalb Amberlink and Isa Brown pullets have no clear advantage over each other at the starter phase and could therefore be raised by farmers.
EFFECT OF VARYING LEVELS OF CASHEW LEAF MEAL (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE) ON THE HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: Ikpe J. N. , Njoku U. J. , Abdullahi J. , Ahaotu E. O. , Simeon-Ahaotu V. C. , Mbachu M. U.
Published: December 2024

The low nutrient utilization which is combatant to soaring cost of raising poultry has made the animal nutritionist to explore avenues to use natural feed additives to maximize the utilization of nutrients in the available feed for cost reduction. Some of these natural feed additives may impact negatively on blood parameters of broilers thereby negating their use. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the dietary supplementation of cashew leaf Anarcadium occidentale meal (CLM) on haematological indices of finisher broiler chicken. One hundred and twenty Anak-2000 breed of finisher broilers were distributed randomly in a completely randomized design (CRD) of four treatments replicated three times. The experimental diets consist of CLM added at levels of 0%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% in treatment 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The diets were fed for 28 days after which blood samples were collected for haematological analysis. The result showed a progressive significantly (p<0.05) increase in red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), and white blood cell (WBC) as the inclusion level of CLM increased. The mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and mean cell value (MCV) (p>0.05) reduced in diets 2, 3, and 4 compared to the control. It was concluded that CLM up to 3.5% inclusion has the potential to impact positively on haematological parameters of finisher broiler chicken and therefore should be included in the formulation of finisher broilers diets at up to 3.5%.
EFFECT OF HERBS (GINGER AND TURMERIC) POWDER AT VARIED INCLUSION LEVEL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION OF BROILER CHICKS
Authors: Sunmola T. A. , Tuleun C. D. , Orayaga K. T.
Published: December 2024

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of herb types (ginger and turmeric) powder and inclusion level on growth performance and nutrient utilisation of broiler chicks. A total of two hundred and ten day old chicks of equal initial weight (39.00 g) were allocated to seven dietary treatments each with three replicates of ten chicks per replicate. Seven experimental diets were formulated in a way that control diet (T0) contained neither turmeric nor ginger. Birds in T1, T2 and T3 were fed diets containing 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 % ginger respectively, while birds in T4, T5 and T6 were fed diet that contained 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 % turmeric, respectively. The feeding trials were carried out for 28 days and parameters on growth performance and nutrient digestibility were measured. All growth parameters evaluated were not significantly different. Neither the herbs nor inclusion levels had significant effect on nutrients digestibility. It is concluded that inclusion of ginger and turmeric in the diets of broiler chicks showed no effect on growth performance and nutrient utilization. Therefore, ginger and turmeric above 0.30 % as feed additives in broiler chicks’ diet can be considered.
PERFORMANCE AND MUSCULAR CREATINE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED LOW PROTEIN DIETS CONTAINING VARYING GLYCINE EQUIVALENT AND THREONINE LEVELS
Authors: Aguihe P. C. , Aguihe P. C. , Iyayi E. A. , Ospina-Rojas I. C. , Hirata K. A.
Published: December 2024

This study was conceived and aimed to investigate the interactive effects of a glycine equivalent (Glyequi) and standardized ileal digestible threonine (SID Thr) levels in low crude protein diets on performance and muscular creatine content in broiler chickens from 21 to 42 days. A total of 1500, 21-day-old Cobb-Vantress® male broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized 5 × 3 factorial arrangement of Glyequi × SID Thr with five replicates of 20 birds each. Fifteen dietary treatments of 16.5% CP were formulated to contain five levels of total Glyequi (1.16, 1.26, 1.36, 1.46 and 1.56%) and three levels of SID Thr (0.58; 0.68 and 0.78%). Interactive effects (p<0.05) of Glyequi and SID Thr levels were observed for weight gain, carcass yield, and muscular creatine content. Higher levels of Glyequi increased (p = 0.040) weight gain in 0.58 and 0.68% SID Thr diets compare to the 0.78% SID Thr diet. Levels of Glyequi equal to or above 1.26% in diets with 0.78% SID Thr resulted in birds with higher (p=0.033) muscular creatine content. There was a quadratic effect of Glyequi levels for muscular creatine content (p = 0.008) with an estimated optimal levels of 1.47% Glyequi. Therefore, the minimum dietary level of Glyequi needed to improve performance in low crude protein diets is 1.26% with adequate SID Thr levels for broiler chickens.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF BROWN EGG-TYPE LAYERS WITH OR WITHOUT VITAMIN-MINERAL PREMIX SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Ojebiyi O. O. , Shittu M. D. , Kayode Z. N. , Oladejo R. O. , Fatoki H. O. , Idowu A. O.
Published: December 2024

The inclusion of vitamins and mineral premix in the diet of egg-type layers can positively influence their overall health and egg production. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different inclusion levels of mineral and vitamin premix on performance characteristics of brown egg-type layers. One hundred and sixty-two (162) “1sa Brown” strain of layers at 16 weeks old were used for the experiment. They were randomly allocated into nine dietary treatments replicated three times with six birds per replicate to make a total of 18 birds per treatment. Nine isonitrogenous and isocaloric diet were formulated, each were supplemented appropriately at two inclusion levels of 0.20 - 0.25% of different Vitamin-Mineral Premix (VMP)1, 2, 3 and 4 to T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9 respectively while T1 was the control diet with no VMP. The experiment lasted for twelve (12) weeks. The results showed that the supplementation of different concentration of mineral and vitamin premix had significant effect (P<0.05) on the performance of laying hens. The highest percentage of hen day egg production (56.45%) was observed in group fed VMP2 (0.25%), while the control (VMP0) gave the best result in-terms of gross profit and final weight. Different inclusion levels of dietary mineral and vitamin premix affect the final weight, daily feed intake and egg traits of the birds.
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF BROILERS FED FIVE DIFFERENT VITAMIN AND MINERAL PREMIX
Authors: Ojebiyi O. O. , Akinwumi A. O. , Akinwumi A.O. , Oladejo R.O. , Ayoola B.N. , Fatoki H.O. , Idowu A. O. , Ayoola S. J.
Published: December 2024

The inclusion of a balanced vitamins and mineral premix in broiler chickens’ diets is essential for optimal growth, health, and performance. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the chemical and organoleptic properties of broilers fed five different vitamin-mineral premixes at 0.30% inclusion level. One-Hundred and eighty (180) 1-day old Arbor Acre strain of broiler chickens were used for the study. The birds were randomly divided into six (6) treatments of three replicates each. There were 10 birds per replicate to make a total of 36 birds per treatment. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum and data were collected on carcass characteristics and organoleptic parameters.The result showed that the values for flavour, colour, juiciness and texture were statistically similar. Carcass yield as well as organ weights were significantly affected (p<0.05).The dressing percentage was higher for the birds on VMP2. It was concluded that birds fed VMP2 performs better than the control for some carcass characteristics which is better for broilers production, as good carcass weight is an advantage for the farmers.
EFFECT OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI ON THE NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF LAYING CHICKEN
Authors: Olufayo O. O. , Okparavero O. O.
Published: December 2024

Herbal and plant medicine have become acceptable solution to the negative effects of prescription medications. Livestock industry has identified and accepted the use of herbal and plant medicine due to the sight effect of contemporary medications. The Poultry Unit of The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, was the experimental site where how Phyllanthus niruri affected the ability of layer birds (Issa brown) to assimilate nutrients was carried out. The data were examined using One-Way ANOVA. The crude protein digestibility of birds given T4 was found to be significantly greater (P<0.05) at 23.71%. than those on T1 (14.47%) which also was higher to those fed T3 (1.06%) and those on T2 (3.78%). It was concluded that Phyllanthusniruri supplementation to the diets improved the feacal digestibility of crude protein, crude fibre and ash of laying chicken.
NITROGEN INTAKE AND NITROGEN RETENTION IN WEANER RABBIT FED DIFFERENT PLANT PROTEIN SOURCES
Authors: Munza B. M. , Modu A. , Zagi S. P. , Adamu J.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to determine the nitrogen retention in rabbits fed different plant protein source in the livestock teaching and research farm university of Maiduguri from May ˗ August, 2023. The experimental diets T1 (Groundnut cake), T2 (Moringa leaves), T3 (Cowpea husk) and T4 (Groundnut haulm). Twenty (20) rabbits having an average weight of 847.20g were randomly assigned to the four dietary treatments (i.e five rabbits per treatment as replicate) in a complete randomized design, 100g of feed was given on a daily basis and water is ad-libitum. The result of nitrogen retention indicate that rabbits fed T1 (groundnut cake) has the highest nitrogen retention percentage followed by rabbits in T2 (Moringa leaves), T3 (Cowpea husk) and T4 (Groundnut haulm). Therefore, groundnut cake, moringa leaves, cowpea husk and groundnut haulm are acceptable to rabbits when included in their diets.
ASSESSMENT OF PROXIMATE, PHYTOCHEMICALS, AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF ORIGANUM VULGARE AND ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS LEAF MEALS AS PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVES
Authors: John P. C. , Onimisi P. A. , Afolayan S. B. , Salihu E. A.
Published: December 2024

The potential of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis as phytogenic feed additives in poultry diet was assessed. Samples of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis were processed and chemically analysed to determine proximate, phytochemical and quantitative essential oil (EO) composition using steam distillation procedure. Origanum vulgare contains 16.06% crude protein (CP), 7.31% crude fibre (CF), 1.92% ether extract (EE), 69.83% nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and 4.88% ash. Rosmarinus officinalis contains 16.81% crude protein, 7.38% crude fibre, 1.8% ether extract, 69.12% nitrogen-free extract, and 4.80% ash. The phytochemical profile revealed that Origanum vulgare contained 1.18, 0.67, 2.08, 1.23, and 2.47 mg/kg tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and Triterpenes, respectively while Rosmarinus officinalis contains 1.52, 0.67, 2.09, 1.51, and 2.31 mg/kg of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and Triterpenes contents, respectively. Quantitative essential oil determination revealed 7.69% and 8.14% essential oil content for Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis, respectively. In summary, the findings indicate that Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis possess nutrient levels that could contribute valuable elements to diets, complementing their recognized health and medicinal attributes. The incorporation of these botanicals into livestock's diets may promote a balanced microbiota, potentially leading to enhanced overall performance.
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED RABBIT DOES (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS) FED DIETARY ASCORBIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Ibiwoye K. O. , Iyeghe-Erakpotobor G. T. , Abdulrashid M. , Daudu O.
Published: December 2024

Effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation was investigated on reproductive performance of crossbred rabbit does (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a 13-week feeding trial. A total of 30 matured rabbit does of 18 to 20 weeks old with average weight of 2.75 kg were used. Ascorbic acid was included in the diets of the rabbits at levels of 0 (control), 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg feed. The rabbits were randomly allotted to the diets (n=6 rabbits/treatments and housed individually. All data were subjected to general linear model while the significant differences in means were separated using pairwise-difference. The results showed that rabbit does fed dietary ascorbic acid supplementation (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg diet) had significantly (P<0.05) higher litter size (6.25-8.29 vs. 4.48-6.00) and litter weight (400.00-5850.33 g vs. 300.00-3870.50 g) than their counterparts fed the control diet. However, does fed dietary ascorbic acid supplementation had significantly (P<0.05) lower total kit mortality (14.58, 20.53, 13.77 vs. 27.28%) compared to their counterparts fed the control diet. The results of this study suggest that feed grade ascorbic acid supplementation at 200, 300 and 400 mg ascorbic acid/kg diet could improve litter performance of rabbit does.
AGE-TARGETED INTUBATION RATIOS FOR ACCURATE TRUE METABOLISABLE ENERGY ASSAYS IN TURKEYS
Authors: Makanju T. D. , Agboola A. F.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to establish optimal ratios for intubating cereal grains (maize, sorghum, wheat, and acha) mixed with water in eight-week-old (n=40), sixteen-week-old (n=40), and twenty four-week-old (n=50) turkeys. Various ratios were tested at each age, ranging from 15, 20, 25 and 30g feed /50, 60, 70 and 80mL of water respectively for 8 weeks old turkeys; 20, 25, 30 and 35g feed / 60, 70, 80 and 90mL water respectively for 16 weeks old turkeys; 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55g feed/ 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130mL water respectively for 24 weeks old turkeys. Each feed-to-water mixture was intubated into the crop of turkeys using a 150ml syringe fitted with a Tygon tube. Crop filling, regurgitation, and overall discomfort were immediately monitored. At eight weeks, 20g/60mL proved optimal, ensuring adequate crop filling without discomfort. Sixteen weeks old turkeys required 30g/80mL for proper filling, while twenty-four weeks old turkeys needed 50g/120mL. This study provides age-specific feed-to-water ratios for accurate intubation in true metabolisable energy assays for turkeys.
EFFECT OF SEASON CHANGES ON HAEMATOLOGIC PARAMETERS AND ERYTHROCYTE OSMOTIC FRAGILITY OF SAHEL BUCKS IN A TROPICAL SAVANNAH
Authors: HABIBU B. , KAWU M. U. , MAKUN H. J. , IBRAHIM F. , YAQUB L. S. , ABDULLAHI A.
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of seasonal change on haematologic parameters and erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in male Sahel goats in the Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from ten (n=10) apparently healthy adult bucks in the peak of the cold-dry (CDS), hot-dry (HDS) and rainy (RAS) seasons. Meteorological parameters in the seasons indicated higher temperature-humidity index in the HDS (82.02), and RAS (82.83) compared with the CDS (75.25). The PCV and RBC of the bucks significantly increased (P < 0.05) during the HDS compared with the CDS. Similarly, during the HDS, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of the goats significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to values obtained in the RAS. However, there was no significant change (P > 0.05) in other erythrocytic and leucocytic parameters between seasons. The EOF test indicated that the erythrocytes of bucks were significantly more sensitive (P < 0.05) to hypotonic haemolysis during the HDS as compared to the CDS and RAS. In conclusion, heat stress during the HDS significantly affected some haematologic parameters and EOF as compared to the other season, and the HDS seems to be the most stressful season to Sahel bucks.
IMPACT OF GINGER MEAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE/SUPPLEMENT TO SYNTHETIC PREMIX ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC RETURNS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Mba I. K. , Onunkwo D. N. , Ekwe C. , Asemota O. D.
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to assess the impact of incorporating ginger meal (Zingiber officinale) in broiler chicken diets as a substitute to synthetic premix on both growth performance and the economy of production. One hundred and twenty day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five treatment groups: T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Each treatment consisted of twenty four birds further subdivided into three replicates of eight birds each. Over an eight-week period, the birds were fed one of five formulated diets containing ginger powder at levels ranging from 0.00 to 0.20g/100kg, following a completely randomized design. At the CONCLUSION of the study, three birds per treatment were selected to assess growth performance and economic factors. The findings indicated that substituting synthetic premix with ginger meal, particularly at a moderate inclusion rate (T3: 0.1g/100kg), led to significant improvements (P < 0.05) in growth parameters such as weight gain per kg, enhanced feed conversion efficiency and was more cost-effective.
HAEMATOLOGY AND RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHTS OF WEANLING WISTAR RATS FED DIFFERENT DIETARY SOURCES OF ANIMAL PROTEIN
Authors: Olawumi S. O. , Okafor J. U. , Olanrewaju A. I. , Oyewole A. D. , Oyedele A. K. , Arowolo S. T. , Ajao S. O. , Ogunwole O. A.
Published: December 2024

Nutritional values of ingested protein could be easily inferred from haematology and ensuing indices of utilisation like the animals’ relative weights of organs. Different protein sources will impact on blood cellular indices and weights of organ in varying manners. Thus, the relative quality of the different dietary animal protein sources on haematological indices and relative organ weights of male weanling Wistar rats was assessed in this study. In a completely randomised design, weanling rats (n=25) were randomly assigned to one of the five dietary treatments: T1-Casein-based diet, T2- Nitrogen-free diet (NFD), T3-Beef meal-based diet, T4- Catfish meal-based diet, and T5-Chicken breast meal-based diet. Dietary treatments and water were provided ad libitum to the rats. Blood (3mL) was sampled from each rat using jugular venipuncture into bottles containing EDTA for haematological analysis. At day 21 of feeding, internal organs of the rats were harvested, the relative weights of organ assessed using standard methods. Data on haematology, leucocyte differentials and weights of organ were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Rats on T5 (36.00%, 11.82g/dL, and 5.75 x106), had significantly (p<0.05) lower packed cell volume, haemoglobin, and red blood cell counts than those on T1 (42.20%, 14.02g/dL and 7.05x106), T3 (40.80%, 13.34g/dL and 6.87 x106) and T4 (41.6%, 13.64g/dL and 6.92 x106), respectively. The relative weights of the heart, spleen, kidneys, and lungs of rats were similar (p<0.05) across the treatments. Higher weight of lung was observed in T1 compared to other treatment groups (p<0.05). Haematology of rats fed chicken breast meal-based diet tended to be most favourable compared to beef meal or catfish meal based, however, there was no indication of the effect of treatments on the rats’ relative organ weights.