bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect at 5″: RX J1347.5−1145 imaged by ALMA
Authors: Kitayama Tetsu , Ueda Shutaro , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Tsutsumi Takahiro , Komatsu Eiichiro , Akahori Takuya , Iono Daisuke , Izumi Takuma , Kawabe Ryohei , Kohno Kotaro , Matsuo Hiroshi , Ota Naomi , Suto Yasushi , Takizawa Motozaku , Yoshikawa Kohji
Published: September 2016

We present the first image of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (SZE) obtained by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Combining 7-m and 12-m arrays in Band 3, we create an SZE map toward a galaxy cluster RX J1347.5−1145 with 5″ resolution (corresponding to a physical size of 20 h−1 kpc), the highest angular and physical spatial resolutions achieved to-date for imaging the SZE, while retaining extended signals out to 40″. The 1 σ statistical sensitivity of the image is 0.017 mJy beam−1 or 0.12 mKCMB at the 5″ full width at half maximum. The SZE image shows a good agreement with an electron pressure map reconstructed independently from the X-ray data and offers a new probe of the small-scale structure of the intracluster medium. Our results demonstrate that ALMA is a powerful instrument for imaging the SZE in compact galaxy clusters with unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity. As the first report on the detection of the SZE by ALMA, we present detailed analysis procedures including corrections for the missing flux, to provide guiding methods for analyzing and interpreting future SZE images obtained by ALMA.
Trajectory of Postoperative Wound Pain Within the First 2 Weeks Following Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgery in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients
Authors: Kwan Mun Keong , Chiu Chee Kidd , Chan Teik Seng , Chong Kok Ian , Mohamad Siti Mariam , Hasan Mohd Shahnaz , Chan Chris Yin Wei
Published: September 2016

Study Design.

A prospective cohort study.

Objective.

The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the trajectory of surgical wound pain from day 1 to day 14 after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.

Information regarding how the postoperative pain improves with time offers invaluable information not only to the patients and parents but also to assist the clinician in managing postoperative pain.

Methods.

AIS patients who were planned for elective PSF surgery from September 2015 to December 2015 were prospectively recruited into this study. All patients underwent a similar pain management regimen with patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) morphine, acetaminophen, celecoxib, and oxycodone hydrochloride.

Results.

A total of 40 patients (36 F:4 M) were recruited. The visual analogue score (VAS) pain score was highest at 12 hours postoperation (6.0 ± 2.3). It reduced to 3.9 ± 2.2 (day 4), 1.9 ± 1.6 (day 7), and 0.7 ± 1.1 (day 14). The total PCA usage in all patients was 12.4 ± 9.9 mg (first 12 hours), 7.1 ± 8.0 mg (12 to 24 hours), 5.6 ± 6.9 (24–36 hours), and 2.1 ± 6.1 mg (36–48 hours). The celecoxib capsules usage was reducing from 215.0 ± 152.8 mg at 24 hours to 55.0 ± 90.4 mg on day 14. The acetaminophen usage was reducing from 2275 ± 1198 mg at 24 hours to 150 ± 483 mg at day 14. Oxycodone hydrochloride capsules consumption rose to the peak of 1.4 ± 2.8 mg on day 4 before gradually reducing to none by day 13.

Conclusion.

With an adequate postoperation pain regimen, significant pain should subside to a tolerable level by postoperative day 4 and negligible by postoperative day 7. Patient usually can be discharged on postoperative day 4 when the usage of PCA morphine was not required.

Level of Evidence: 2
A Topical Anesthetic and Lidocaine Mixture for Pain Relief During Keloid Treatment: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Usanakornkul Arnik , Burusapat Chairat
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Keloids are abnormal overgrowth of collagen fibers, and the first-line treatment includes intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), which is associated with pain.

OBJECTIVE

To study the benefit of applying topical anesthetics or a 1:1 mixture of 1% lidocaine and TA at the TA injection site to alleviate pain during keloid treatment.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Four TA injection methods were tested: control, lidocaine, topical, and combined. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess needle-stick and injection pain. Data on pain duration after injection were also collected.

RESULTS

Forty patients were enrolled (mean age, 37.1 years). The VAS scores of needle-stick pain in the control, lidocaine, topical, and combined groups were 4.18 ± 2.12, 3.82 ± 2.48, 2.03 ± 2.02, and 2.20 ± 1.99, respectively. Pain statistically decreased in the topical and combined groups. Intralesional injection pain (VAS) scores in the control, lidocaine, topical, and combined groups were similar as follows: 4.97 ± 2.50, 4.97 ± 2.79, 4.10 ± 2.80, and 4.43 ± 2.68, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Application of topical anesthetics significantly relieved needle-stick pain, especially at sternum and auricular keloids; administration of a lidocaine mixture did not alleviate pain during injection.
Reshaping of the Anterior Nasal Spine: An Important Step in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Marianetti Tito M. , Boccieri Armando , Pascali Michele
Published: September 2016

Background:

The importance of analysis of the nasal spine should not be underestimated in the correct planning of rhinoplasty. Deformations in position with respect to the midline and/or in size are often present, and their correction to ensure harmony between the spine and the other components of the nasal pyramid constitutes a key step in rhinoplasty that can lead to excellent results.

Methods:

The study includes 160 patients who underwent surgical treatment of the anterior nasal spine with or without other techniques of nasal reshaping. Eighty-seven of these patients presented with hyperplasia of the nasal spine, 43 with hypoplasia, and 30 with deviation. A combination of deviation and hyperplasia was present in 15 cases.

Results:

No patients developed postoperative complications. Five patients who underwent anterior nasal spine reduction reported postoperative numbness in the premaxillary area, but sensitivity was fully regained within 4 months after surgery in these patients. All the patients reported postoperative improvement of nasal airflow. A total of 142 patients considered their postoperative aesthetic result as excellent and 18 as good.

Conclusion:

The simplicity of the surgical procedures performed on the nasal spine and the marked aesthetic improvements thus achieved suggest that greater attention should be paid to this anatomical region.
Cross-Face Nerve Grafting with Infraorbital Nerve Pathway Protection: Anatomic and Histomorphometric Feasibility Study
Authors: Catapano Joseph , Demsey Daniel R.B. , Ho Emily S. , Zuker Ronald M. , Borschel Gregory H.
Published: September 2016

Smiling is an important aspect of emotional expression and social interaction, leaving facial palsy patients with impaired social functioning and decreased overall quality of life. Although there are several techniques available for facial reanimation, staged facial reanimation using donor nerve branches from the contralateral, functioning facial nerve connected to a cross-face nerve graft (CFNG) is the only technique that can reliably reproduce an emotionally spontaneous smile. Although CFNGs provide spontaneity, they typically produce less smile excursion than when the subsequent free functioning muscle flap is innervated with the motor nerve to the masseter muscle. This may be explained in part by the larger number of donor motor axons when using the masseter nerve, as studies have shown that only 20% to 50% of facial nerve donor axons successfully cross the nerve graft to innervate their targets. As demonstrated in our animal studies, increasing the number of donor axons that grow into and traverse the CFNG to innervate the free muscle transfer increases muscle movement, and this phenomenon may provide patients with the benefit of improved smile excursion. We have previously shown in animal studies that sensory nerves, when coapted to a nerve graft, improve axonal growth through the nerve graft and improve muscle excursion. Here, we describe the feasibility of and our experience in translating these results clinically by coapting the distal portion of the CFNG to branches of the infraorbital nerve.
Short article: Buried bumper syndrome in children: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Stewart Claire E. , Mutalib Mohamed , Pradhan Akhilesh , Bassett Christopher , Drake David , Upadhyaya Manasvi
Published: September 2016

Objective

Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) is a serious complication in gastrostomy-dependent children. Many need surgical correction. On account of comorbidities, this becomes a high-risk procedure. Our aim was to review the incidence of BBS in children and to identify the risk factors.

Patients and methods

Retrospective review of patients’ records over 10 years, 2006–2015, was carried out. Types of tubes, operative interventions, comorbidities and records were noted. Two-tailed Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 535 patients were reviewed. Overall, 475 had only percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and 60 had a jejunal extension with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG-J). Twenty-nine patients (PEG-J – 16/26; PEG – 13/26) had a total of 31 BBS episodes. The overall incidence of BBS in our study was 5.4%. The age at presentation ranged from 1 to 18 years (median 8.6 years). All had significant comorbidities (neurodevelopmental 26/29, cardiorespiratory 14/29, genetic 16/29). Overall, 27/29 had two or more comorbidities. The mean time to development of BBS was 1025±634 days. BBS was found in the second or the subsequent tube in four patients with PEGs (P<0.0004) and in 10 PEG-Js (P<0.0001). Twenty-five patients needed laparotomy. There were no postoperative deaths.

Conclusion

In BBS, the two significant risk factors identified were a having PEG-J and two or more previous gastrostomy insertions. Vigilance in documentation and prolonged follow-up to provide regular education to carers can reduce the incidence of this preventable complication.
Patient, Therapist, and System Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Prolonged Exposure for Veterans With Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Crawford Eric Floyd , Wolf Gregory K. , Kretzmer Tracy , Dillon Kirsten H. , Thors Christina , Vanderploeg Rodney D.
Published: September 2016

In contrast to concerns that cognitive limitations and neurobehavioral symptoms (NBS) associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) may inhibit treatment effectiveness, a recent study found prolonged exposure (PE) led to large reductions in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Iraq-Afghanistan veterans with a range of TBI severity (article by Wolf, Kretzmer, Crawford, Thors, Wagner, Strom, Eftekhari, Klenk, Hayward, and Vanderploeg [J Trauma Stress 28:339–347, 2015]). We further examined this sample of 69 veterans to determine whether system, veteran, and therapist factors predicted clinically significant responses. Results of hierarchical, logistic regressions revealed that therapist training in PE and lower service connection were associated with increased odds of large decreases in PTSD symptoms after adjusting for the robust effect of PE sessions completed. Other patient-level factors including age, time since injury, and baseline NBS were unrelated to significant improvements. Findings emphasized the impact of PE dosage, indicated greater mastery of the protocol was beneficial, and showed that service connection could impede self-reported, clinically significant change during PE in this important cohort.
Effect of Pupil Size on Wavefront Refraction during Orthokeratology
Authors: Faria-Ribeiro Miguel , Navarro Rafael , González-Méijome José Manuel
Published: September 2016

Purpose

It has been hypothesized that central and peripheral refraction, in eyes treated with myopic overnight orthokeratology, might vary with changes in pupil diameter. The aim of this work was to evaluate the axial and peripheral refraction and optical quality after orthokeratology, using ray tracing software for different pupil sizes.

Methods

Zemax-EE was used to generate a series of 29 semi-customized model eyes based on the corneal topography changes from 29 patients who had undergone myopic orthokeratology. Wavefront refraction in the central 80 degrees of the visual field was calculated using three different quality metrics criteria: Paraxial curvature matching, minimum root mean square error (minRMS), and the Through Focus Visual Strehl of the Modulation Transfer Function (VSMTF), for 3- and 6-mm pupil diameters.

Results

The three metrics predicted significantly different values for foveal and peripheral refractions. Compared with the Paraxial criteria, the other two metrics predicted more myopic refractions on- and off-axis. Interestingly, the VSMTF predicts only a marginal myopic shift in the axial refraction as the pupil changes from 3 to 6 mm. For peripheral refraction, minRMS and VSMTF metric criteria predicted a higher exposure to peripheral defocus as the pupil increases from 3 to 6 mm.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the supposed effect of myopic control produced by ortho-k treatments might be dependent on pupil size. Although the foveal refractive error does not seem to change appreciably with the increase in pupil diameter (VSMTF criteria), the high levels of positive spherical aberration will lead to a degradation of lower spatial frequencies, that is more significant under low illumination levels.
Interventricular Septal Pseudoaneurysm After Blunt Chest Trauma in a 6 Year Old
Authors: Behrle Natalie , Dyke Peter , Dalabih Abdallah
Published: September 2016

Motor vehicle accident is the most common cause of blunt cardiac injury (BCI) in children (85.3%) due to the height of the child in relation to proper restraints and the compliant pediatric rib cage (J Trauma. 1996;40:200–202). Trauma to the chest wall may lead to injury of the myocardium, resulting in myocardial contusion, ventricular septal defect (VSD), ventricular free wall rupture, or valve compromise (J Trauma. 1996;40; 200–202; Heart Lung. 2012;41:200–202; J Inj Violence Res. 2012;4:98–100). There are several proposed mechanisms for the formation of VSD after blunt chest trauma including rupture of ischemic myocardium related to the initial trauma and reopening of a spontaneously closed congenital VSD. Also, chest trauma during isovolumetric contraction of the ventricles may generate enough intraventricular force to cause myocardial rupture (J Trauma. 1996;40:200–202; J Inj Violence Res. 2012;4:98–100; Korean J Pediatr. 2011;54:86–89; Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;94:1714–1716; J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012;5:184–187). Previous case reports highlight the formation of a true VSD after BCI and the requirement of emergent repair (J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012;5:184–187; Am Heart J. 1996;131:1039–1041; Korean Circ J. 2011;41:625–628; Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:297–298; Kardiol Pol. 2013;71:992; Chin Med J. 2013;126:1592–1593). Reported is a case of a 6-year-old girl who developed an interventricular septal pseudoaneurysm after a motor vehicle accident of pedestrian versus car. On the day of presentation, she developed bradycardia after emergent surgical repair for abdominal trauma that required cardiopulmonary resuscitation including 5 minutes of chest compressions. At the time of resuscitation, an emergent transthoracic echocardiogram noted an interventricular pseudoaneurysm. She has been followed with serial transthoracic echocardiograms and has not required surgical intervention. We discuss the risk factors, prevalence, and diagnostic studies and recommended treatment options for structural heart disease after BCI.
Carotid Artery Dissection With Associated Territory Stroke After a Minor Head Trauma in a Healthy 4-Month-Old Child
Authors: Zant Robert , Melter Michael , Doerfler Christian , Schlachetzki Felix , Jung Ernst-Michael , Schilling Stefan , Kunkel Juergen
Published: September 2016

Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissections with associated stroke are rare events in infants. The usual pathomechanisms include direct trauma to the artery, blunt intraoral trauma, or child abuse. We describe the case of a 4-month-old male patient with ICA dissection and associated middle cerebral artery territory infarction associated with hyperextension/hyperrotation after a minor head injury. Upon treatment with anticoagulants, the patient showed significant improvement of the left-sided hemiparesis. Hemorrhagic transformation that presented shortly after middle cerebral artery infarction did not further increase under heparin treatment and prevented further embolism. In conclusion, hyperextension and/or hyperrotation in minor head trauma is a possible pathomechanism for ICA dissection in infants. However, the scenario is extremely rare, and to our best knowledge, this is the first report describing it. In our patient, anticoagulation did not worsen hemorrhagic transformation.
The Impact of Mental Health Services in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Holder Sharon M. , Rogers Kenneth , Peterson Eunice , Shoenleben Robbie , Blackhurst Dawn
Published: September 2016

Objectives

This study assessed improvement in the emergency department (ED) length of stay and costs after implementation of an ED program which added board-certified psychiatrists and trained psychiatric social workers to the pediatric ED.

Methods

A retrospective medical record and administrative data review were conducted for all pediatric psychiatric visits of children aged 5 to 18 years who were seen and discharged from the Greenville Memorial Hospital ED between January 1, 2007, and June 31, 2013. These subjects were diagnosed by the ED physician at the time of the visit using codes ranging from 290.0 to 319.0 based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Ninth Revision codes.

Results

The mean (SD) age of children in the postprogram period (14.3 ± 3.1) was younger than during the preprogram period (14.9 ± 3.1) (P < 0.001) with the greatest increase in the 11- to 15-year age group (42% vs 35%, respectively). Patients in the postprogram period were significantly more likely to be discharged to a psychiatric hospital than during the pre-program period (18% vs 9%, respectively). After the initiation of the program, ED length of stay decreased significantly from 14.7 to 12.1 hours (P < 0.001) and costs per visit decreased slightly from US $602 to US $588 (this difference was not statistically significant).

Conclusions

Although this model of care has significant costs associated with it, the efficiency of care for psychiatric pediatric patients in the ED improved after targeted training of ED staff and provision of these specialized services within the ED.
The Role of Chronic Psychosocial Stress in Explaining Racial Differences in Stress Reactivity and Pain Sensitivity
Authors: Gordon Jennifer L. , Johnson Jacqueline , Nau Samantha , Mechlin Beth , Girdler Susan S.
Published: September 2016

Objective

To examine the role of psychosocial factors in mediating the relationship between African American (AA) race and both increased pain sensitivity and blunted stress reactivity.

Methods

Participants included 133 AA and non-Hispanic white (nHW) individuals (mean [SD] age, 37 [9]) matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Participants underwent mental stress testing (Trier Social Stress Test) while cardiovascular, hemodynamic, and neuroendocrine reactivity were measured. Participants completed questionnaires assessing potential sources of psychosocial stress and were tested for pain responses to cold pain and the temporal summation of heat pulses. Mediation analyses were used to determine the extent to which exposure to psychosocial stress accounted for the observed racial differences in stress reactivity and pain.

Results

Chronic stress exposure and reactivity to mental stress was largely similar among AAs and nHWs; however, AAs exhibited heightened pain to both cold (p = .012) and heat (p = .004). Racial differences in the relationship between stress reactivity and pain were also observed: while greater stress reactivity was associated with decreased pain among nHWs, reactivity was either unrelated to or even positively associated with pain among AAs (e.g., r = −.21 among nHWs and r = .41 among AAs for stroke volume reactivity and cold pressor intensity). Adjusting for minor racial differences in chronic psychosocial stress did not change these findings.

Conclusions

Accounting for psychosocial factors eliminated racial differences in stress reactivity but not racial differences in sensitivity to experimental pain tasks. Increased exposure to chronic stress may not explain AAs' increased pain sensitivity in laboratory settings.
Biophysical Attributes of CpG Presentation Control TLR9 Signaling to Differentially Polarize Systemic Immune-Responses
Authors: Leleux Jardin A. , Pradhan Pallab , Roy Krishnendu
Published: September 2016

It is currently unknown whether and how mammalian pathogen-recognition receptors (PRR) respond to biophysical patterns of pathogen-associated molecular danger-signals. Using synthetic pathogen-like particles (PLPs) that mimic physical properties of bacteria or large-viruses, we have discovered that the quality and quantity of Toll-like-receptor-9 (TLR9)-signaling by CpG in mouse dendritic cells (mDC) is uniquely dependent on biophysical attributes, specifically the surface-density of CpG and size of the presenting PLP. These physical patterns control DC-programming by regulating kinetics and magnitude of MyD88-IRAK4 signaling, NFκB-driven responses, and STAT3 phosphorylation, which in turn controls differential T cell responses and in vivo immune-polarization, especially T-helper 1 (Th1) versus T-helper 2 (Th2) antibody responses. Our findings suggest that innate immune cells can sense and respond not only to molecular, but also pathogen-associated physical patterns (PAPPs), broadening the tools for modulating immunity, helping to better understand innate response mechanisms to pathogens and develop new and improved vaccines.
Host-induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium wilt in tomato andArabidopsis
Authors: Song Yin , Thomma Bart P.H.J.
Published: September 2016

Verticillium wilt, caused by soil-borne fungi of the genusVerticillium, is an economically important disease that affects a wide range of host plants. Unfortunately, host resistance against Verticillium wilts is not available for many plant species, and the disease is notoriously difficult to combat. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an RNA interference (RNAi) based process in which small RNAs are produced by the host plant to target parasite transcripts. HIGS has emerged as a promising strategy for improving plant resistance against pathogens by silencing genes that are essential for these pathogens. Here, we assessed whether HIGS can be utilized to suppress Verticillium wilt disease by silencing previously identified virulence genes ofV. dahliaethrough the host plants tomato andArabidopsis. In transient assays, tomato plants were agroinfiltrated withTobacco rattle virus(TRV) constructs to targetV. dahliaetranscripts. SubsequentV. dahliaeinoculation revealed suppression of Verticillium wilt disease in some, but not all, cases. Next, expression of RNAi constructs targetingV. dahliaetranscripts was pursued in stable transgenicArabidopsis thalianaplants. Also in this host,V. dahliaeinoculation revealed reduced Verticillium wilt disease in some cases. Thus, our study suggests that, depending on the target gene chosen, HIGS againstV. dahliaeis operational in tomato andA. thalianaplants and may act as a plant protection approach that may be used in Verticillium wilt-susceptible crops.
Global changes in patterning, splicing and primate specific lncRNAs in autism brain
Authors: Parikshak Neelroop N. , Swarup Vivek , Belgard T. Grant , Gandal Michael , Irimia Manuel , Leppa Virpi , Lowe Jennifer K. , Johnson Robert , Blencowe Benjamin J. , Horvath Steve , Geschwind Daniel H.
Published: September 2016

We apply transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing in postmortem autism spectrum disorder (ASD) brain and controls and identify convergent alterations in the noncoding transcriptome, including primate specific lncRNA, and transcript splicing in ASD cerebral cortex, but not cerebellum. We characterize an attenuation of patterning between frontal and temporal cortex in ASD and identifySOX5, a transcription factor involved in cortical neuron fate specification, as a likely driver of this pattern. We further show that a genetically defined subtype of ASD, Duplication 15q Syndrome, shares the core transcriptomic signature of idiopathic ASD, indicating that observed molecular convergence in autism brain is the likely consequence of manifold genetic alterations. Using co-expression network analysis, we show that diverse forms of genetic risk for ASD affect convergent, independently replicated, biological pathways and provide an unprecedented resource for understanding the molecular alterations associated with ASD in humans.
Nucleosomal signatures impose nucleosome positioning in coding and noncoding sequences in the genome
Authors: González Sara , García Alicia , Vázquez Enrique , Serrano Rebeca , Sánchez Mar , Quintales Luis , Antequera Francisco
Published: September 2016

In the yeast genome, a large proportion of nucleosomes occupy well-defined and stable positions. While the contribution of chromatin remodelers and DNA binding proteins to maintain this organization is well established, the relevance of the DNA sequence to nucleosome positioning in the genome remains controversial. Through quantitative analysis of nucleosome positioning, we show that sequence changes distort the nucleosomal pattern at the level of individual nucleosomes in three species of Schizosaccharomyces and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This effect is equally detected in transcribed and nontranscribed regions, suggesting the existence of sequence elements that contribute to positioning. To identify such elements, we incorporated information from nucleosomal signatures into artificial synthetic DNA molecules and found that they generated regular nucleosomal arrays indistinguishable from those of endogenous sequences. Strikingly, this information is species-specific and can be combined with coding information through the use of synonymous codons such that genes from one species can be engineered to adopt the nucleosomal organization of another. These findings open the possibility of designing coding and noncoding DNA molecules capable of directing their own nucleosomal organization.
From strings to things
Authors: Fox Robert
Published: September 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to explore current developments in the semantic Web and the role libraries can play in exposing institutional and bibliographic content using linked data and unique identifier systems.

Design/methodology/approach

– This is a regular journal column.

Findings

– There are many ways in which libraries can contribute to the scholarly community through the description as well as traditional authority control work flow to integrate research and bibliographic content with the larger semantic Web.

Originality/value

– The theory behind linked data is commencing to have a more pronounced impact on the way the Web operates. Major players including publishers and commercial entities are contributing to the semantic Web through partnerships with the wider Internet community as well as data providers such as Universities. Given the open nature of many of these systems as well as consortial participation, this is an opportune time for libraries to contribute to these efforts in service of their constituencies.
Beauty is more than skin deep: a non‐invasive protocol for in vivo anatomical study using micro‐CT
Authors: Broeckhoven Chris , du Plessis Anton , le Roux Stephan Gerhard , Mouton Pieter le Fras Nortier , Hui Cang
Published: September 2016

Microcomputed tomography (μCT) is a widely used tool in biomedical research, employed to investigate tissues and bone structures of small mammals in vivo. The application of in vivo μCT scanning in non‐medical studies greatly lags behind the rapid advancements made in the biomedical field wherein the methodology has evolved to allow for longitudinal studies and eliminate the need to sacrifice the animal. Ecological and evolutionary studies often involve morphological measurements of a large sample of live animals; however, the potential of in vivo μCT imaging as a method for data acquisition has yet to be delineated.

Here, we describe a protocol for in vivo μCT imaging of the internal anatomy of reptiles and amphibians, commonly used study organisms in ecological and evolutionary research. We consider the skeletal and extraskeletal (i.e. osteoderms) bones of a lizard as a case study to elucidate the potential of in vivo μCT imaging. First, we explore the effects of various parameter settings on radiation dose, scan time and image quality. Secondly, we develop a protocol to immobilize and restrain study organisms during scanning without need for the administration of anaesthetics and compare the results of the in vivo protocol to images obtained post‐mortem.

To immobilize animals, we replace the use of anaesthetics by cooling, thereby allowing the use of previously unsuitable rotating gantry μCT scanners that are readily available in scientific institutions. The resultant image quality of in vivo μCT scans is similar to that of post‐mortem μCT scans, especially in the abdominal region. We discuss the effect of tube voltage, distance to X‐ray source and metal filtration on radiation dose, and how these parameters could be altered to reduce the cumulative radiation dose while maintaining optimal image quality.

The proposed in vivo μCT protocol offers a new approach to acquire anatomical information for non‐biomedical studies. We offer specific suggestions as to how the protocol can be employed to suit a variety of model organisms.
Utility of serum anti‐cetuximab immunoglobulin E levels to identify patients at a high risk of severe hypersensitivity reaction to cetuximab
Authors: Dupont Benoît , Mariotte Delphine , Dugué Audrey E. , Clarisse Bénédicte , Grellard Jean‐Michel , Babin Emmanuel , Chauffert Bruno , Dakpé Stéphanie , Moldovan Cristian , Bouhier‐Leporrier Karine , Reimund Jean‐Marie , Di Fiore Frederic , Zanetta Sylvie , Mailliez Audrey , Do Pascal , Peytier Annie , Galais Marie‐Pierre , Florescu Carmen , Schott Roland , Le Mauff Brigitte , Gervais Radj
Published: September 2016

Aim

Cetuximab is an anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor antibody used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer. Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) are associated with cetuximab use. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of anti‐cetuximab immunoglobulin E (IgE) detection in order to identify patients at risk of HSR to cetuximab.

Methods

We included patients ready to receive a first cetuximab infusion in a prospective cohort carried out at nine French centres. Pretreatment anti‐cetuximab IgE levels were measured. We compared the proportion of severe HSRs in the low anti‐cetuximab IgE levels (≤29 IgE arbitrary units) subgroup with that in a historical cohort of 213 patients extracted from a previous study.

Results

Of the 301 assessable patients (mean age: 60.9 ± 9.3 years, head‐and‐neck cancer: 77%), 66 patients (22%) had high anti‐cetuximab IgE levels, and 247 patients received cetuximab (including 38 with high anti‐cetuximab levels). Severe HSRs occurred in eight patients (five grade 3 and three grade 4). The proportion of severe HSRs was lower in the low anti‐cetuximab IgE levels subgroup vs. the historical cohort (3/209 [1.4%] vs. 11/213 [5.2%], odds ratio, 0.27, 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.97), and higher in high vs. low anti‐cetuximab IgE levels subgroup (5/38 [13.2%] vs. 3/209 [1.4%]; odds ratio, 10.4, 95% confidence interval, 2.4–45.6). Patients with severe HSRs had higher anti‐cetuximab IgE levels than patients without reaction (median, 45 vs. 2 IgE arbitrary units, P = 0.006).

Conclusions

Detection of pretreatment anti‐cetuximab IgE is feasible and helpful to identify patients at risk of severe cetuximab‐induced HSRs.
Prediction of the efficacy of immunotherapy by measuring the integrity of cell‐free DNA in plasma in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kitahara Masahiro , Hazama Shoichi , Tsunedomi Ryouichi , Takenouchi Hiroko , Kanekiyo Shinsuke , Inoue Yuka , Nakajima Masao , Tomochika Shinobu , Tokuhisa Yoshihiro , Iida Michihisa , Sakamoto Kazuhiko , Suzuki Nobuaki , Takeda Shigeru , Ueno Tomio , Yamamoto Shigeru , Yoshino Shigefumi , Nagano Hiroaki
Published: September 2016

We previously reported a phase II study of a cancer vaccine using five novel peptides recognized by HLA‐A*2402‐restricted CTL in combination with oxaliplatin‐containing chemotherapy (FXV study) as first‐line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and demonstrated the safety and promising potential of our five‐peptide cocktail. The objective of this analysis was to identify predictive biomarkers for identifying patients who are likely to receive a clinical benefit from immunochemotherapy. Circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma has been reported to be a candidate molecular biomarker for the efficacy of anticancer therapy. Unlike uniformly truncated small‐sized DNA released from apoptotic normal cells, DNA released from necrotic cancer cells varies in size. The integrity of plasma cfDNA (i.e. the ratio of longer fragments [400 bp] to shorter fragments [100 bp] of cfDNA), may be clinically useful for detecting colorectal cancer progression. We assessed plasma samples collected from 93 patients prior to receiving immunochemotherapy. The cfDNA levels and integrity were analyzed by semi‐quantitative real‐time PCR. Progression‐free survival was significantly better in patients with a low plasma cfDNA integrity value than in those with a high value (P = 0.0027). Surprisingly, in the HLA‐A*2402‐matched group, patients with a low plasma cfDNA integrity value had significantly better progression‐free survival than those with a high value (P = 0.0015). This difference was not observed in the HLA‐A*2402‐unmatched group. In conclusion, the integrity of plasma cfDNA may provide important clinical information and may be a useful predictive biomarker of the outcome of immunotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.
In silico prediction and in vitro and in vivo validation of acaricide fluazuron as a potential inhibitor of FGFR3 and a candidate anticancer drug for bladder carcinoma
Authors: Ke Kunbin , Li Hongjian , Yao Hong , Shi Xi‐Nan , Dong Chao , Zhu Ying , Liu Xu , Li Ling , Leung Kwong‐Sak , Wong Man‐Hon , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Kung Hsiang‐fu , Lin Marie Chia‐mi
Published: September 2016

Bladder carcinoma (BC) is the ninth most common cause of cancer worldwide. Surgical resection and conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy will ultimately fail due to tumor recurrence and resistance. Thus, the development of novel treatment is urgently needed. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is an important and well‐established target for BC treatment. In this study, we utilized the free and open‐source protein–ligand docking software idock to prospectively identify potential inhibitors of FGFR3 from 3,167 worldwide approved small‐molecule drugs using a repositioning strategy. Six high‐scoring compounds were purchased and tested in vitro. Among them, the acaricide drug fluazuron exhibited the highest antiproliferative effect in human BC cell lines RT112 and RT4. We further demonstrated that fluazuron treatment significantly increased the percentage of apoptosis cells, and decreased the phosphorylation level of FGFR3 and its downstream proteins FRS2‐α, AKT, and ERK. We also investigated the anticancer effect of fluazuron in vivo in BALB/C nude mice subcutaneously xenografted with RT112 cells. Our results showed that oral treatment with fluazuron (80 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth. These results suggested for the first time that fluazuron is a potential inhibitor of FGFR3 and a candidate anticancer drug for the treatment of BC.
A comparative evaluation between aluminium and titanium dioxide microparticles for blasting the surface titanium dental implants: an experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Gehrke Sergio A. , Ramírez‐Fernandez María P. , Granero Marín José Manuel , Barbosa Salles Marcos , Del Fabbro Massimo , Calvo Guirado José Luis
Published: September 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare, through biomechanical and histological analysis, the aluminium (AlO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) microparticles for blasting during the sandblasting acid surface treatment in titanium dental implants using a rabbit tibia model.

Materials and methods

Forty‐eight commercially available titanium dental implants were divided into two test groups (n = 24 per group): implants with surface treated by AlO2 followed by acid etching as control group (Con group) and implants with surface treated by TiO2 followed by acid etching as test group (Test group). The implants were randomly installed in both tibias of eight rabbits and block samples were removed 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Resonance Frequency Analyses were performed immediately after the implantation and at 8 weeks. Twelve implants of each group were removed to measure the reverse torque. The remaining implants were used for histological analysis. The data were compared using statistical tests (α = 0.05).

Results

In comparing the implant stability quotient at the two time points, no significant statistical differences were found (P > 0.05), as well as in the removal torque test at 8 weeks after implant placement, no found significant difference between the two groups was tested. Histomorphometric analysis showed a high degree of bone organization in all samples with no significant difference between groups in the bone‐to‐implant contact (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, the results indicate that the media of surface blasting (AlO2 or TiO2 microparticles) did not show significant differences in the tested parameters for assessing the osseointegration of the implants.
Nasa, Nemesia and Euphrasia: new alternate hosts of Cronartium spp.
Authors: Kaitera J. , Hiltunen R. , Hantula J.
Published: September 2016

Susceptibility of 18 alternate host species to Cronartium flaccidum or C. ribicola was tested. Alive test plants were inoculated in the greenhouse and the formation of Cronartium uredinia and telia was followed on the plants for 8 weeks. Cronartium flaccidum formed uredinia and telia on Bartsia alpina and Euphrasia stricta (Orobanchaceae), Nasa triphylla and N. urens (Loasaceae), Nemesia floribunda (Scrophulariaceae), Tropaeolum majus (Tropaeolaceae), Veronica daurica (Plantaginaceae) and Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Apocynaceae). Single uredinia or telia developed also on N. urens and E. stricta inoculated with C. ribicola. For the first time, Cronartium are reported to sporulate on members of Loasaceae and Scrophulariaceae, N. urens and N. floribunda.
Addressing Culture, Gender, and Power with Asian American Couples: Application of Socio‐Emotional Relationship Therapy
Authors: ChenFeng Jessica , Kim Lana , Wu Yuwei , Knudson‐Martin Carmen
Published: September 2016

Asian Americans juggle the intersections of multiple social identities and societal discourses as they respond to experiences of immigration, marginalization, and patriarchy, integrate collectivist and individualistic family values, and form families and intimate relationships. In this study we examine what we have learned as we apply Socio‐Emotional Relationship Therapy (SERT) with heterosexual couples of Asian heritage.SERTbegins with sociocultural attunement and the assumption that relationships should mutually support each partner. Drawing on case examples, we illustrate how we practice sociocultural attunement as couples respond to the relational processes that comprise the Circle of Care (mutual influence, vulnerability, attunement, and shared relational responsibility). We emphasize three key socioemotional themes that intersect with gender: (1) intangible loss; (2) quiet fortitude/not burdening others; and (3) duty to the family.
Parental Cognitive Errors Mediate Parental Psychopathology and Ratings of Child Inattention
Authors: Haack Lauren M. , Jiang Yuan , Delucchi Kevin , Kaiser Nina , McBurnett Keith , Hinshaw Stephen , Pfiffner Linda
Published: September 2016

We investigate the Depression‐Distortion Hypothesis in a sample of 199 school‐aged children with ADHD‐Predominantly Inattentive presentation (ADHD‐I) by examining relations and cross‐sectional mediational pathways between parental characteristics (i.e., levels of parental depressive and ADHD symptoms) and parental ratings of child problem behavior (inattention, sluggish cognitive tempo, and functional impairment) via parental cognitive errors. Results demonstrated a positive association between parental factors and parental ratings of inattention, as well as a mediational pathway between parental depressive and ADHD symptoms and parental ratings of inattention via parental cognitive errors. Specifically, higher levels of parental depressive and ADHD symptoms predicted higher levels of cognitive errors, which in turn predicted higher parental ratings of inattention. Findings provide evidence for core tenets of the Depression‐Distortion Hypothesis, which state that parents with high rates of psychopathology hold negative schemas for their child's behavior and subsequently, report their child's behavior as more severe.
Incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a New Zealand population of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients
Authors: Hock B. D. , McIntosh N. D. , McKenzie J. L. , Pearson J. F. , Simcock J. W. , MacPherson S. A.
Published: September 2016

Background

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is associated with an increased incidence and aggressiveness of skin cancers, particularly cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), but little is known about cSCC incidence in Australasian CLL patients.

Aim

In this retrospective study, we analysed the incidence of cSCC in patients seen at a tertiary hospital in New Zealand (NZ).

Methods

We retrospectively assessed the clinical history and histology data of CLL patients (n = 371) who presented to the Haematology Department, Christchurch Hospital, NZ during the period 1996–2015. Baseline characteristics, incidence of second cancers, treatment details and overall survival were analysed.

Results

During follow‐up (median = 11.8 years), 221 second cancers were recorded in 88 patients. Of these cancers, 185 were cSCC, removed from 61 patients. In 56% of these patients, >1 cSCC was removed, and the majority of cSCC occurred following the treatment for CLL. The cumulative incidence of a first cSCC was 11% at 5 years, whereas the cumulative incidence of a subsequent cSCC was 88% at 5 years. The incidence of cSCC in male patients was threefold higher than that reported for the general NZ population.

Conclusion

NZ CLL patients have a high incidence of cSCC relative to the levels observed in the general population, which are themselves among the highest in the world. The careful monitoring of CLL patients is warranted, particularly those who have a progressive disease or have had a first cSCC removed.
Donepezil promotes differentiation of neural stem cells into mature oligodendrocytes at the expense of astrogenesis
Authors: Imamura Osamu , Arai Masaaki , Dateki Minori , Takishima Kunio
Published: September 2016

Oligodendrocytes are the myelin‐forming cells of the central nervous system. Oligodendrocyte loss and failure of myelin development result in serious human disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Previously, using oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, we have shown that donepezil, which is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, stimulates myelin gene expression and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Here, we aimed to analyze the effects of donepezil on primary mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs). Donepezil treatment led to impaired self‐renewal ability and increased apoptosis. These effects appeared to be mediated through the Akt/Bad signaling pathway. Using neurosphere differentiation analysis, we observed that donepezil leads to reduced numbers of astrocytes and increased numbers of oligodendrocytes and neurons. Consistent with this finding, mRNA and protein levels for the oligodendrocyte markers myelin‐associated glycoprotein, 2′, 3′‐cyclic‐nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNPase), and myelin basic protein, as well as the neuronal marker β‐tubulin type III (Tuj1) were up‐regulated. In contrast, the expression of the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was down‐regulated by donepezil in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Moreover, donepezil increased oligodendrocyte differentiation, resulting in a reduction in the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes, by suppressing the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), SMAD1/5/9, and the downstream target gene GFAP, even under astrocyte‐inducing conditions. These results suggest that efficient differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes by donepezil may indicate a novel therapeutic role for this drug in promoting repair in demyelinated lesions in addition to its role in preventing astrogenesis.

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Visualisation of Kiss1 Neurone Distribution Using a Kiss1‐CRE Transgenic Mouse
Authors: Yeo S.‐H. , Kyle V. , Morris P. G. , Jackman S. , Sinnett‐Smith L. C. , Schacker M. , Chen C. , Colledge W. H.
Published: September 2016

Kisspeptin neuropeptides are encoded by the Kiss1 gene and play a critical role in the regulation of the mammalian reproductive axis. Kiss1 neurones are found in two locations in the rodent hypothalamus: one in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and another in the RP3V region, which includes the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV). Detailed mapping of the fibre distribution of Kiss1 neurones will help with our understanding of the action of these neurones in other regions of the brain. We have generated a transgenic mouse in which the Kiss1 coding region is disrupted by a CRE‐GFP transgene so that expression of the CRE recombinase protein is driven from the Kiss1 promoter. As expected, mutant mice of both sexes are sterile with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and do not show the normal rise in luteinising hormone after gonadectomy. Mutant female mice do not develop mature Graafian follicles or form corpora lutea consistent with ovulatory failure. Mutant male mice have low blood testosterone levels and impaired spermatogenesis beyond the meiosis stage. Breeding Kiss‐CRE heterozygous mice with CRE‐activated tdTomato reporter mice allows fluorescence visualisation of Kiss1 neurones in brain slices. Approximately 80‐90% of tdTomato positive neurones in the ARC were co‐labelled with kisspeptin and expression of tdTomato in the AVPV region was sexually dimorphic, with higher expression in females than males. A small number of tdTomato‐labelled neurones was also found in other locations, including the lateral septum, the anterodorsal preoptic nucleus, the amygdala, the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei, the periaquaductal grey, and the mammillary nucleus. Three dimensional visualisation of Kiss1 neurones and fibres by CLARITY processing of whole brains showed an increase in ARC expression during puberty and higher numbers of Kiss1 neurones in the caudal region of the ARC compared to the rostral region. ARC Kiss1 neurones sent fibre projections to several hypothalamic regions, including rostrally to the periventricular and pre‐optic areas and to the lateral hypothalamus.