bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1D/3D Heterogeneous Assembling Body of Cobalt Nitrides for Highly Efficient Overall Hydrazine Splitting and Supercapacitors
Authors: Xiong Dengke , He Xiaoyang , Liu Xuan , Gong Shuaiqi , Xu Chen , Tu Zhentao , Wu Deli , Wang Jianying , Chen Zuofeng
Published: October 2023

Herein, the construction of a heterostructured 1D/3D CoN‐Co2N@NF (nickel foam) electrode used for thermodynamically favorable hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), as an alternative to sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting for hydrogen production, is reported. The electrode exhibits remarkable catalytic activities, with an onset potential of −0.11 V in HzOR and −71 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Consequently, an extraordinary low cell voltage of 53 mV is required to achieve 10 mA cm−2 for overall hydrazine splitting in a two‐electrode system, demonstrating significant energy‐saving advantages over conventional water splitting. The HzOR proceeds through the 4e− reaction pathway to release N2 while the 1e− pathway to emit NH3 is uncompetitive, as evidenced by differential electrochemical mass spectrometric measurements. The X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations identify cobalt nitrides rather than corresponding oxides/(oxy)hydroxides as catalytic species for HzOR and illustrate advantages of heterostructured CoN‐Co2N in optimizing adsorption energies of intermediates/reagents and promoting catalytic activities toward both HzOR and HER. The CoN‐Co2N@NF is also an excellent supercapacitive material, exhibiting an increased specific capacity (938 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) with excellent cycling stability (95.8%, 5000 cycles).
Size Effect for Inhibiting Polysulfides Shuttle in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kang Xiaoya , He Tianqi , Zou Rong , Niu Shengtao , Ma Yingxia , Zhu Fuliang , Ran Fen
Published: October 2023

It is undeniable that the dissolution of polysulfides is beneficial in speeding up the conversion rate of sulfur in electrochemical reactions. But it also brings the bothersome “shuttle effect”. Therefore, if polysulfides can be retained on the cathode side, the efficient utilization of the polysulfides can be guaranteed to achieve the excellent performance of lithium‐sulfur batteries. Based on this idea, considerable methods have been developed to inhibit the shuttling of polysulfides. It is necessary to emphasize that no matter which method is used, the solvation mechanism, and existence forms of polysulfides are essential to analyze. Especially, it is important to clarify the sizes of different forms of polysulfides when using the size effect to inhibit the shuttling of polysulfides. In this review, a comprehensive summary and in‐depth discussion of the solvation mechanism, the existing forms of polysulfides, and the influencing factors affecting polysulfides species are presented. Meanwhile, the size of diverse polysulfide species is sorted out for the first time. Depending on the size of polysulfides, tactics of using size effect in cathode, separator, and interlayer parts are elaborated. Finally, a design idea of materials pore size is proposed to satisfy the use of size effect to inhibit polysulfides shuttle.
Copper Single‐Atom Catalysts—A Rising Star for Energy Conversion and Environmental Purification: Synthesis, Modification, and Advanced Applications
Authors: Wang Biting , Fu Yukui , Xu Fuhang , Lai Cui , Zhang Mingming , Li Ling , Liu Shiyu , Yan Huchuan , Zhou Xuerong , Huo Xiuqin , Ma Dengsheng , Wang Neng , Hu Xiaorui , Fan Xing , Sun Hao
Published: October 2023

Future renewable energy supply and green, sustainable environmental development rely on various types of catalytic reactions. Copper single‐atom catalysts (Cu SACs) are attractive due to their distinctive electronic structure (3d orbitals are not filled with valence electrons), high atomic utilization, and excellent catalytic performance and selectivity. Despite numerous optimization studies are conducted on Cu SACs in terms of energy conversion and environmental purification, the coupling among Cu atoms–support interactions, active sites, and catalytic performance remains unclear, and a systematic review of Cu SACs is lacking. To this end, this work summarizes the recent advances of Cu SACs. The synthesis strategies of Cu SACs, metal–support interactions between Cu single atoms and different supports, modification methods including modification for carriers, coordination environment regulating, site distance effect utilizing, and dual metal active center catalysts constructing, as well as their applications in energy conversion and environmental purification are emphatically introduced. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future Cu SACs development are discussed. This review aims to provide insight into Cu SACs and a reference for their optimal design and wide application.
Bioorthogonal Aptamer‐ATTEC Conjugates for Degradation of Alpha‐Synuclein via Autophagy‐Lysosomal Pathway
Authors: Liao Xiaofeng , Qin Geng , Liu Zhenqi , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: October 2023

Autophagosome‐tethering compound (ATTEC) technology has recently been emerging as a novel approach for degrading proteins of interest (POIs). However, it still faces great challenges in how to design target‐specific ATTEC molecules. Aptamers are single‐stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can recognize their target proteins with high specificity and affinity. Here, ATTEC is combined with aptamers for POIs degradation. As a proof of concept, pathological protein α‐synuclein (α‐syn) is chosen as the target and an efficient α‐syn degrader is generated. Aptamer as a targeting warhead of α‐syn is conjugated with LC3B‐binding compound 5,7‐dihydroxy‐4‐phenylcoumarin (DP) via bioorthogonal click reaction. It is demonstrated that the aptamer conjugated with DP is capable of clearing α‐syn through LC3 and autophagic degradation. These results indicate that aptamer‐based ATTECs are a versatile approach to degrade POIs by taking advantage of the well‐defined different aptamers for targeting diverse proteins, which provides a new way for the design of ATTECs to degradation of targeted proteins.
G‐Quadruplex/Hemin DNAzyme‐Functionalized Silver Nanoclusters with Synergistic Antibacterial and Wound Healing Capabilities for Infected Wound Management
Authors: Zhu Jiaojiao , Wen Tiao , Qu Shuangquan , Li Qingnian , Liu Biwu , Zhou Wenhu
Published: October 2023

Systematic management of infected wounds requires simultaneous antiinfection and wound healing, which has become the current treatment dilemma. Recently, a multifunctional silver nanoclusters (AgNCs)‐based hydrogel dressing to meet these demands is developed. Here a diblock DNA with a cytosine‐rich fragment (as AgNCs template) and a guanine‐rich fragment (to form G‐quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme, termed G4/hemin) is designed, for G4/hemin functionalization of AgNCs. Inside bacteria, G4/hemin can not only accelerate the oxidative release of Ag+ from AgNCs but also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via catalase‐ and peroxidase‐mimic activities, which enhance the antibacterial effect. On the other hand, the AgNCs exhibit robust anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative activities to switch M1 macrophages into M2 phenotype, which promotes wound healing. Moreover, the hemin is released to upregulate the heme oxygenase‐1, an intracellular enzyme that can relieve oxidative stress, which significantly alleviates the cytotoxicity of silver. As a result, such silver‐based dressing achieves potent therapeutic efficacy on infected wounds with excellent biosafety.
Atomic‐Level Regulation of Cu‐Based Electrocatalyst for Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction: From Single Atoms to Polymetallic Active Sites
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Yichuan , Zeng Lingyou , Pan Yuan
Published: October 2023

The slow kinetics of cathodic oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in fuel cells and the high cost of commercial Pt‐based catalysts limit their large‐scale application. Cu‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have received increasing attention as a promising ORR catalyst due to their high atom utilization, high thermodynamic activity, adjustable electronic structure, and low cost. Herein, the recent research progress of Cu‐based catalysts is reviewed from single atom to polymetallic active sites for ORR. First, the design and synthesis method of Cu‐based SACs are summarized. Then the atomic‐level structure regulation strategy of Cu‐based catalyst is proposed to improve the ORR performance. The different ORR catalytic mechanism based on the different Cu active sites is further revealed. Finally, the design principle of high‐performance Cu‐based SACs is proposed for ORR and the opportunities and challenges are further prospected.
Low‐Potential Iodide Oxidation Enables Dual‐Atom CoFe─N─C Catalysts for Ultra‐Stable and High‐Energy‐Efficiency Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Fan Hong‐Shuang , Liang Xiongyi , Ma Fei‐Xiang , Zhang Guobin , Liu Zheng‐Qi , Zhen Liang , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Xu Cheng‐Yan
Published: October 2023

The low energy efficiency and limited cycling life of rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs) arising from the sluggish oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OERs) severely hinder their commercial deployment. Herein, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐derived strategy associated with subsequent thermal fixing treatment is proposed to fabricate dual‐atom CoFe─N─C nanorods (Co1Fe1─N─C NRs) containing atomically dispersed bimetallic Co/Fe sites, which can promote the energy efficiency and cyclability of ZABs simultaneously by introducing the low‐potential oxidation redox reactions. Compared to the mono‐metallic nanorods, Co1Fe1─N─C NRs exhibit remarkable ORR performance including a positive half‐wave potential of 0.933 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in alkaline electrolyte. Surprisingly, after introducing the potassium iodide (KI) additive, the oxidation overpotential of Co1Fe1─N─C NRs to reach 10 mA cm−2 can be significantly reduced by 395 mV compared to the conventional destructive OER. Theoretical calculations show that the markedly decreased overpotential of iodide oxidation can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of neighboring Co─Fe diatomic sites as the unique adsorption sites. Overall, aqueous ZABs assembled with Co1Fe1─N─C NRs and KI as the air–cathode catalyst and electrolyte additive, respectively, can deliver a low charging voltage of 1.76 V and ultralong cycling stability of over 230 h with a high energy efficiency of ≈68%.
Accelerating Patterned Vascularization Using Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds and Surgical Micropuncture
Authors: Ataie Zaman , Horchler Summer , Jaberi Arian , Koduru Srinivas V. , El‐Mallah Jessica C. , Sun Mingjie , Kheirabadi Sina , Kedzierski Alexander , Risbud Aneesh , Silva Angelo Roncalli Alves E , Ravnic Dino J. , Sheikhi Amir
Published: October 2023

Bulk hydrogel scaffolds are common in reconstructive surgery. They allow for the staged repair of soft tissue loss by providing a base for revascularization. Unfortunately, they are limited by both slow and random vascularization, which may manifest as treatment failure or suboptimal repair. Rapidly inducing patterned vascularization within biomaterials has profound translational implications for current clinical treatment paradigms and the scaleup of regenerative engineering platforms. To address this long‐standing challenge, a novel microsurgical approach and granular hydrogel scaffold (GHS) technology are co‐developed to hasten and pattern microvascular network formation. In surgical micropuncture (MP), targeted recipient blood vessels are perforated using a microneedle to accelerate cell extravasation and angiogenic outgrowth. By combining MP with an adjacent GHS with precisely tailored void space architecture, microvascular pattern formation as assessed by density, diameter, length, and intercapillary distance is rapidly guided. This work opens new translational opportunities for microvascular engineering, advancing reconstructive surgery, and regenerative medicine.
All‐Solid‐State Mg–Air Battery Enhanced with Free‐Standing N‐Doped 3D Nanoporous Graphene
Authors: Xi Zeyu , Han Jiuhui , Jin Zeyu , Hu Kailong , Qiu Hua‐Jun , Ito Yoshikazu
Published: October 2023

Nitrogen (N) doping of graphene with a three‐dimensional (3D) porous structure, high flexibility, and low cost exhibits potential for developing metal–air batteries to power electric/electronic devices. The optimization of N‐doping into graphene and the design of interconnected and monolithic graphene‐based 3D porous structures are crucial for mass/ion diffusion and the final oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/battery performance. Aqueous‐type and all‐solid‐state primary Mg–air batteries using N‐doped nanoporous graphene as air cathodes are assembled. N‐doped nanoporous graphene with 50–150 nm pores and ≈99% porosity is found to exhibit a Pt‐comparable ORR performance, along with satisfactory durability in both neutral and alkaline media. Remarkably, the all‐solid‐state battery exhibits a peak power density of 72.1 mW cm−2; this value is higher than that of a battery using Pt/carbon cathodes (54.3 mW cm−2) owing to the enhanced catalytic activity induced by N‐doping and rapid air breathing in the 3D porous structure. Additionally, the all‐solid‐state battery demonstrates better performances than the aqueous‐type battery owing to slow corrosion of the Mg anode by solid electrolytes. This study sheds light on the design of free‐standing and catalytically active 3D nanoporous graphene that enhances the performance of both Mg–air batteries and various carbon‐neutral‐technologies using neutral electrolytes.
Si‐Based High‐Entropy Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lei Xincheng , Wang Yingying , Wang Jiayi , Su Yi , Ji Pengxiang , Liu Xiaozhi , Guo Shengnan , Wang Xuefeng , Hu Qingmiao , Gu Lin , Zhang Yuegang , Yang Rui , Zhou Gang , Su Dong
Published: October 2023

Up to now, only a small portion of Si has been utilized in the anode for commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) despite its high energy density. The main challenge of using micron‐sized Si anode is the particle crack and pulverization due to the volume expansion during cycling. This work proposes a type of Si‐based high‐entropy alloy (HEA) materials with high structural stability for the LIB anode. Micron‐sized HEA‐Si anode can deliver a capacity of 971 mAhg−1 and retains 93.5% of its capacity after 100 cycles. In contrast, the silicon–germanium anode only retains 15% of its capacity after 20 cycles. This study has discovered that including HEA elements in Si‐based anode can decrease its anisotropic stress and consequently enhance ductility at discharged state. By utilizing in situ X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses, a high‐entropy transition metal doped Lix(Si/Ge) phase is found at lithiated anode, which returns to the pristine HEA phase after delithiation. The reversible lithiation and delithiation process between the HEA phases leads to intrinsic stability during cycling. These findings suggest that incorporating high‐entropy modification is a promising approach in designing anode materials toward high‐energy density LIBs.
Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes: Unveiling Growth Mechanisms, Material Dimensions, Fabrication Methods, and Design Strategies
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Seo Yongho
Published: October 2023

Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) constitute an indispensable component in state‐of‐the‐art electronic devices, such as wearable flexible sensors, flexible displays, artificial skin, and biomedical devices, etc. This review paper offers a comprehensive overview of the fabrication techniques, growth modes, material dimensions, design, and their impacts on FTCEs fabrication. The growth modes, such as the “Stranski–Krastanov growth,” “Frank–van der Merwe growth,” and “Volmer–Weber growth” modes provide flexibility in fabricating FTCEs. Application of different materials including 0D, 1D, 2D, polymer composites, conductive oxides, and hybrid materials in FTCE fabrication, emphasizing their suitability in flexible devices are discussed. This review also delves into the design strategies of FTCEs, including microgrids, nanotroughs, nanomesh, nanowires network, and “kirigami”‐inspired patterns, etc. The pros and cons associated with these materials and designs are also addressed appropriately. Considerations such as trade‐offs between electrical conductivity and optical transparency or “figure of merit (FoM),” “strain engineering,” “work function,” and “haze” are also discussed briefly. Finally, this review outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of FTCEs for flexible electronics, including the improved trade‐offs between optoelectronic parameters, novel materials development, mechanical stability, reproducibility, scalability, and durability enhancement, safety, biocompatibility, etc.
Signal Amplification Strategy Design in Nanozyme‐Based Biosensors for Highly Sensitive Detection of Trace Biomarkers
Authors: Wang Mengting , Liu Hongxing , Fan Kelong
Published: October 2023

Nanozymes show great promise in enhancing disease biomarker sensing by leveraging their physicochemical properties and enzymatic activities. These qualities facilitate signal amplification and matrix effects reduction, thus boosting biomarker sensing performance. In this review, recent studies from the last five years, concentrating on disease biomarker detection improvement through nanozyme‐based biosensing are examined. This enhancement primarily involves the modulations of the size, morphology, doping, modification, electromagnetic mechanisms, electron conduction efficiency, and surface plasmon resonance effects of nanozymes for increased sensitivity. In addition, a comprehensive description of the synthesis and tuning strategies employed for nanozymes has been provided. This includes a detailed elucidation of their catalytic mechanisms in alignment with the fundamental principles of enhanced sensing technology, accompanied by the presentation of quantitatively analyzed results. Moreover, the diverse applications of nanozymes in strip sensing, colorimetric sensing, electrochemical sensing, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering have been outlined. Additionally, the limitations, challenges, and corresponding recommendations concerning the application of nanozymes in biosensing have been summarized. Furthermore, insights have been offered into the future development and outlook of nanozymes for biosensing. This review aims to serve not only as a reference for enhancing the sensitivity of nanozyme‐based biosensors but also as a catalyst for exploring nanozyme properties and their broader applications in biosensing.
Effect of load details of the successive explosions on the blast behaviors of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Xu Yingliang , Liu Yan , Huang Fenglei , Yan Junbo , Bai Fan , Li Xu , Wang Hongfu
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to study the effect of load details of successive explosions on the blast behaviors of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. First, the effect of the successive loading of two identical explosions was discussed by considering the influences of standoff distance, charge mass on the failure states, and structural responses (displacement and support reaction force). And keeping the total TNT charge mass of 1 kg unchanged, the effect of loading numbers was investigated by loading two 0.5 kg TNT successively and a single 1 kg TNT on RC beams, respectively. Besides, the successive loading of two different explosions was also considered by investigating the effects of loading sequences and the first explosion induced pre‐damage on the ultimate accumulated damage of RC beams. At last, based on the reaction force and displacement responses, a nonlinear relationship between the dynamic residual load‐carrying capacity and the accumulated residual displacement was obtained to assess the damage states of the tested beams. The results show that the local failure range along the beam span direction (length of peeling‐off and length of spallation) caused by the first blast load did not apparently increase when the damaged beams were subjected to another blast load. With the increase in explosion numbers, depth of compressive crushing increases gradually. At the same stand‐off distance (from 0.25 to 0.45 m), due to the damage accumulation effect, successive loading of two 0.5 kg TNT can trigger more severe local failure but smaller accumulated residual deflection to beams than the single loading of a 1 kg TNT. Besides, when two different blast loads are loaded on tested beams, the loading sequence of the larger one first and then the smaller one (1 kg TNT/0.5 kg TNT at h = 0.45 m) can trigger larger damage to beams than the opposite loading sequence (0.5 kg TNT/1 kg TNT at h = 0.45 m). And for the beams subjected to a smaller blast load first and then a larger one, a stiffer behavior may be triggered by the second blast load on the beam after the first loading of the smaller blast load due to the residual strain in longitudinal reinforcement. Furthermore, based on the nonlinear relationship between residual load‐carrying capacity and residual displacement, the accumulated damage of RC beams was divided into mainly four phases.
Blocking exosomal secretion aggravated 1,4‐benzoquinone‐induced cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Lu Fangfang , Zhang Chunxiao , Yu Xiuyuan , Yang Xinjun , Yan Hongtao
Published: October 2023

Benzene exposure inhibits the hematopoietic system and leads to the occurrence of various types of leukemia. However, the mechanism underlying the hematotoxicity of benzene is still largely unclear. Emerging evidence has shown that exosomes are involved in toxic mechanisms of benzene. To understand the effect of 1,4‐benzoquinone (PBQ; an active metabolite of benzene in bone marrow) on the exosomal release characteristics and role of exosomal secretion in PBQ‐induced cytotoxicity. Exosomes were isolated from PBQ‐treated HL‐60 cells, purified by ultracentrifugation, and verified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and the presence of specific biomarkers. Our results showed that PBQ increased exosomal secretion in a dose‐dependent manner, reaching a peak in 3 h at 10 μM PBQ treatment and then slowly decreasing in HL‐60 cells. The exosomes contained miRNAs, which have been reported to be associated with benzene exposure or benzene poisoning. In particular, mir‐34a‐3p and mir‐34A‐5p were enriched in exosomes derived from PBQ‐treated cells. In addition, the inhibition of exosomal release by GW4869 (an inhibitor of exosomal release) exacerbated PBQ‐induced cytotoxicity, including increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the apoptosis rate. Our findings illustrated that exosomes secretion plays an important role in antagonizing PBQ‐induced cytotoxicity and maintaining cell homeostasis.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group 12‐week pilot phase II trial of SaiLuoTong (SLT) for cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Steiner‐Lim Genevieve Z. , Bensoussan Alan , Andrews‐Marney Elana R. , Al‐Dabbas Mahmoud A. , Cave Adele E. , Chiu Christine L. , Christofides Katerina , De Blasio Frances M. , Dewsbury Lauren S. , Fagan Naomi L. , Fogarty Jack S. , Hattom Lena C. , Hohenberg Mark I. , Jafar Deyyan , Karamacoska Diana , Lim Chai K. , Liu Jianxun , Metri Najwa‐Joelle , Oxenham D. Vincent , Ratajec Holly , Roy Nikita , Shipton Danielle G. , Varjabedian David , Chang Dennis H.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

This study primarily aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SaiLuoTong (SLT) on cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

METHODS

Community‐dwelling people with MCI aged ≥60 years were randomly assigned to 180 mg/day SLT or placebo for 12 weeks.

RESULTS

Thirty‐nine participants were randomized to each group (N = 78); 65 were included in the final analysis. After 12 weeks, the between‐groups difference in Logical Memory delayed recall scores was 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22 to 2.58; P = 0.010); Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test Condition 4 switching and contrast scaled scores were 1.42 (95% CI: –0.15 to 2.99; P = 0.038) and 1.56 (95% CI: –0.09 to 3.20; P = 0.032), respectively; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall was 1.37 (95% CI: –0.10 to 2.84; P = 0.034); and Functional Activities Questionnaire was 1.21 (95% CI: –0.21 to 2.63; P = 0.047; P < 0.001 after controlling for baseline scores).

DISCUSSION

SLT is well tolerated and may be useful in supporting aspects of memory retrieval and executive function in people with MCI.

Highlights

SaiLuoTong (SLT) improves delayed memory retrieval and executive function in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

SLT is well tolerated in people ≥ 60 years.

The sample of community dwellers with MCI was well characterized and homogeneous.
Effect of nutraceutical supplementation on semen quality in stallions
Authors: Díaz Rojas Edgar , Carrillo Moreno Dalia I. , Contreras Villarreal Viridiana , Arellano Rodríguez Fernando , Alvarado Espino Alan S. , Ángel García Oscar
Published: October 2023

Background

The use of reproductive biotechnologies in equine practice has shown that some stallions are subfertile, so ways to improve fertility have been sought.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutraceutical supplementation on improving semen quality in Quarter Horse stallions.

Methods

Semen from six Quarter Horse stallions was assessed for 4 months every 20 days using the computer‐assisted semen analysis system. They were evaluated for 60 days before supplementation; then, the same stallions were re‐evaluated for 60 days with nutraceutical supplementation (30 g/day).

Results

Volume showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) with nutraceuticals. Sperm concentration (10x6) was significantly higher with supplementation (339.4 ± 17.5 sperm/mL) than without supplementation (224.6 ± 19.9). Sperm abnormalities (%) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower with supplementation (14.3 ± 0.6) than without supplementation (19.1 ± 0.4). Sperm kinematic parameters, total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), rectilinear velocity (VSL), the velocity of the trajectory (VAP) and curvilinear velocity (VCL), were significantly better with supplementation (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Based on the results, it is concluded that nutraceutical supplementation improved semen parameters in Quarter Horse stallions.
Evaluation of automated staple sizes on gastric layer incorporation and intraluminal pressure for partial gastrectomy closure in an ex vivo canine model
Authors: Blumenthal Michael , Bertran Judith , Regier Penny , Cole James , Maxwell Elizabeth A
Published: October 2023

Objective

To evaluate the performance of automated staple sizes on a cadaveric canine partial gastrectomy model.

Methods

Stomachs were transected through the gastric body axis and randomly allocated to two closure groups: Group B, thoracoabdominal (TA) stapler 3.5 mm staple cartridge (blue); Group G, TA stapler 4.8 mm staple cartridge (green). After construct completion, leak testing was performed for both groups and compared. Initial leakage pressure (ILP), maximal leakage pressure (MLP) and leakage location were recorded. Staple lines were evaluated by direct observation and fluoroscopy to assess sub‐mucosal layer incorporation and staple conformation. Staple shape was classified as optimal or suboptimal. Significance was set at p less than 0.5.

Results

Following gastrectomy, the mean double gastric wall thickness was 7.82 ± 2.05 mm at the gastric body. Mean ILP was significantly lower in groups G (17.13 ± 1.19 mmHg) compared to group B (50.46 ± 6.03 mmHg, p = 0.0013). Similarly, mean MLP was significantly lower in group G (21.41 ± 1.39 mmHg) compared to group B (64.61 ± 10.21 mmHg, p < 0.0001). Although group G had higher percentage of B‐shaped staple formation compared to group B, this was not significant (group G; 92.38%, group B; 54.56%; p = 0.054).

Conclusion

The 3.5 mm TA staple cartridge (blue) achieved superior bursting pressures compared with the 4.8 mm TA staple cartridge (blue) for the closure of a canine partial gastrectomy model. Both staple sizes incorporated all gastric layers. No differences were noticed in optimal staple conformation between groups. In vivo investigation is warranted to evaluate the use of different staple sizes on gastric tissue perfusion, successful healing and post‐operative stasis and dehiscence.
Remarkable tailoring of thermal and dielectric properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite via hydrothermal grown ZnAl layer di hydroxide nanostructures and graphene fillers
Authors: Ritu  , Patel Manoj Kumar , Gupta Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2023

In this work, we have synthesized the zinc‐aluminum layered double hydroxide (ZnAl LDH) nanostructures using cost‐effective hydrothermal technique. The ZnAl LDH and graphene‐based poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites are fabricated. The crystal structure, morphology, thermal, and dielectric properties of pristine PVA and ZnAl LDH and graphene‐based PVA nanocomposites films were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, HR‐transmission electron microscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, and impedance analyzer. HRTEM analysis reveals the hexagonal nanoplates shape‐like morphology of Zn‐Al layered double hydroxides with an average thickness of 40–50 nm and size of 400–600 nm. High thermal stability was observed from ZnAl LDH and graphene‐reinforced nanocomposite. Enhanced thermal stability of 250°C and low weight loss was observed from ZnAl LDH reinforced PVA‐based nanocomposites compared to pristine PVA. Zn‐Al LDH nanoplates‐graphene‐PVA based nanocomposites showed ultra‐high dielectric constant (ɛ′) of 794 as compared to the ZnAl LDH‐PVA nanocomposites (ɛ′ ~ 334) and pristine PVA sample (ɛ′ ~ 35). Low dielectric loss of 0.27, 0.18, 0.38 was observed for pristine PVA, ZnAl‐LDH‐PVA and ZnAl‐LDH‐graphene‐PVA nanocomposites. The large enhancement of the dielectric constant and thermal stability were discussed in terms of improved crystallinity, interfacial polarization and formation of nanodipoles in the matrix. This study reveals a significant role of LDH‐graphene‐based hybrid nanocomposites in optoelectronics, energy storage, sensors, energy conversion and thermally stable devices.

Highlights

Growth of highly crystalline zinc‐aluminum layered double hydroxide nanostructures.

Improved thermal stability for Zn‐Al LDH‐graphene‐PVA nanocomposites.

High thermal stability from ZnAl LDH‐based PVA nanocomposites.

Ultra‐high dielectric constant of 794 is observed from Zn‐Al LDH nanoplates‐graphene‐nanocomposites.
Use of a custom‐made acetabular cage to treat aseptic loosening following cemented total hip replacement in a giant breed dog
Authors: Roels Joséphine , Baldinger Arnaud , Viguier Éric , Cachon Thibaut
Published: October 2023

A 7‐year‐old, female, spayed Dogo Argentino was presented with right hindlimb lameness 9 months following right total hip replacement. Investigations identified loosening of the acetabular cup and significant loss of bone stock, including defects of the dorsal acetabular rim and caudal pillar. A custom‐made acetabular cage inspired from the human acetabular reinforcement ring was implanted and fixed into the ilium and the acetabular rim with screws. Improvement in right hindlimb function was delayed by the occurrence of a right cranial cruciate ligament rupture; however, radiography 6 months following the surgery demonstrated osseointegration despite loosening of a single screw. Three years postoperatively, the dog showed no resentment on manipulation of the right hip and the owners reported a return to normal activity including off‐lead running. Aseptic cup loosening associated with acetabular medial wall and caudal pillar defect were ameliorated using a custom‐made acetabular cage in a giant breed dog.
Hepatic amyloidosis in a dog with sterile pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis
Authors: Herr Jacob , Piviani Martina , Koranda Walsh , Porat‐Mosenco Yael , Silvestrini Paolo
Published: October 2023

A 3‐year‐old, mixed breed dog was presented for chronic large intestine diarrhoea, hyporexia, weight loss, fever, generalised lymphadenopathy and progressive abdominal distention, caused by hepatomegaly and ascites. Cytology of peripheral lymph nodes and liver was suggestive of pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis and hepatic amyloidosis, respectively. As concurrent infectious and/or neoplastic diseases were ruled out, and the dog responded favourably to immunosuppressive therapy, a sterile idiopathic pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis triggering amyloid deposition in the liver was considered a likely diagnosis. The dog developed clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities suggestive of hepatic failure 11 months later and was euthanased at that stage. Unfortunately, hepatic amyloidosis is associated with a poor prognosis due to lack of an effective therapy and consequent progressive organ failure and/or organ rupture causing life‐threatening haemorrhage.
Analysis of the Veterinary Risk Assessment and Management Plan questionnaire responses for dairy herds enrolled in the Northern Ireland Johne's disease control programme
Authors: Meek Kayleigh , Strain Sam , O'Connell Niamh E. , Grant Irene R.
Published: October 2023

Background

Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland has been enrolling dairy herds across Northern Ireland (NI) in a voluntary Johne's disease (JD) control programme since October 2020. A Veterinary Risk Assessment and Management Plan (VRAMP) questionnaire was completed for each herd enrolled and recommendations for improved farm management practices were provided to farmers. Herd JD testing was recommended but was not mandatory.

Methods

This study analysed VRAMP responses for 1569 dairy herds that had enrolled in the JD control programme up to October 2022. Univariate and multivariate regression models were applied to the data as appropriate.

Results

Overall, 21.4% of the dairy herds had completed herd JD screening, with 13.7% of herds reporting a confirmed case of JD. A further 31.5% of herds reported suspected case(s) of JD. Eighty‐nine percent of farms had introduced animals from outside the herd. Herds that utilise a mixed calving pen and hospital pen, and herds that do not separate JD‐positive or sick animals within the calving pen, were significantly (p > 0.001) more likely to be a high‐probability JD herd. Accidental mixing of neighbouring herds significantly (p = 0.01) increased the risk of a suspected or confirmed case of JD. Herds that utilise rented land (70%) were significantly (p > 0.001) more likely to be at a high risk for JD.

Conclusions

The VRAMP analysis identified areas of JD control that should be focused on in NI dairy herds, such as calving pen management and hygiene. The results highlight the importance of common JD recommendations in the management of on‐farm disease risk.
Synthesis of Organosilicon‐Based Thioether Ligand Class Showing Defined S‐Stereogenic Coordination in Crystalline Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Schneider Paul Erik , Wattenberg Jonathan , Wappelhorst Jan Frederick , Knorr Michael , Strohmann Carsten
Published: October 2023

A synthesis route to aromatic organosilicon‐based thioether ligands could be established and utilised for three congeners 2. These ligands were suitable for complexation with palladium(II) chloride forming three new complexes 3. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction and temperature‐dependent 1H and 13C‐NMR analysis of 3 are presented. The elucidated solid‐state structures suggested that one pair of diastereomers is favoured in crystalline phase and is controllable by the aromatic substituent. However, at room temperature in solution, the conformation at the sulphur atoms can fluctuate with a coalescence temperature for 1H‐NMR around 24 °C. At −31 °C, two signal sets could be observed since the inversion is slower than the 1H‐NMR timescale at lower temperatures.
An Introduction to Magnetic Tweezers
Authors: Dulin David
Published: October 2023

Magnetic tweezers are a single-molecule force and torque spectroscopy technique that enable the mechanical interrogation in vitro of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins. They use a magnetic field originating from either permanent magnets or electromagnets to attract a magnetic particle, thus stretching the tethering biomolecule. They nicely complement other force spectroscopy techniques such as optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as they operate as a very stable force clamp, enabling long-duration experiments over a very broad range of forces spanning from 10 fN to 1 nN, with 1–10 milliseconds time and sub-nanometer spatial resolution. Their simplicity, robustness, and versatility have made magnetic tweezers a key technique within the field of single-molecule biophysics, being broadly applied to study the mechanical properties of, e.g., nucleic acids, genome processing molecular motors, protein folding, and nucleoprotein filaments. Furthermore, magnetic tweezers allow for high-throughput single-molecule measurements by tracking hundreds of biomolecules simultaneously both in real-time and at high spatiotemporal resolution. Magnetic tweezers naturally combine with surface-based fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, such as total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, enabling correlative fluorescence and force/torque spectroscopy on biomolecules. This chapter presents an introduction to magnetic tweezers including a description of the hardware, the theory behind force calibration, its spatiotemporal resolution, combining it with other techniques, and a (non-exhaustive) overview of biological applications.
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy in Sensory Cilia of Living Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Loseva Elizaveta , van Krugten Jaap , Mitra Aniruddha , Peterman Erwin J. G.
Published: October 2023

Intracellular transport of organelles and biomolecules is vital for several cellular processes. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy can illuminate molecular aspects of the dynamics of individual biomolecules that remain unresolved in ensemble experiments. For example, studying single-molecule trajectories of moving biomolecules can reveal motility properties such as velocity, diffusivity, location and duration of pauses, etc. We use single-molecule imaging to study the dynamics of microtubule-based motor proteins and their cargo in the primary cilia of living C. elegans. To this end, we employ standard fluorescent proteins, an epi-illuminated, widefield fluorescence microscope, and primarily open-source software. This chapter describes the setup we use, the preparation of samples, a protocol for single-molecule imaging in primary cilia of C. elegans, and data analysis.
Introduction—Jalan Nao
Authors: Tuyen Quang Dai
Published: October 2023

I still recall my first visit to the Po Rome temple during the Katé festival 32 years ago. As a child, my grandfather, who was well-versed in history, folk stories, and oral traditions, often regaled me and my friends with tales of the Cham people, their kings, and temples. I remember seeing the temple on top of the hill from our village and feeling its sacredness, a sentiment shared by my parents and community. Although I was too young to fully appreciate it, my family did not take me to the temple for spiritual worship during any ceremonies or festivals.
Living Heritage in the Everyday: Roles of Po Klaong Girai Temple in the Cham Community
Authors: Tuyen Quang Dai
Published: October 2023

The chapter “Living Heritage in the Everyday” offers a compelling illustration of how the sacred temple heritage has been seamlessly integrated into the daily lives of the Cham people, playing a crucial role in their cultural, spiritual, and social aspects. By incorporating the symbol of the sacred temple into various aspects of their everyday life, such as in wedding ceremonies and community group logos, the Cham have sparked a renewed sense of cultural pride and heritage among the younger generation. This has enabled them to understand and appreciate their cultural identity and the importance of preserving and promoting their cultural heritage.

Furthermore, the chapter sheds light on how the Cham people have developed a profound sense of pride in their sacred temple, making it more accessible and integrated into everyday life within the Cham community. In doing so, they have ensured that the symbol of their cultural heritage remains unblemished and highly respected. The successful preservation of the Cham cultural heritage in this way is a testament to their unwavering determination to celebrate and safeguard their cultural identity. The chapter offers an inspiring example of how cultural heritage can be developed and incorporated into everyday life to engage and preserve the members of a community.
Balancing Authenticity and Tourism Development: The Challenge of Incense at Cham Temples
Authors: Tuyen Quang Dai
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, the focus is on the perspectives of the Cham community in Vietnam with regard to the concept of authenticity. The study, conducted between 2012 and 2017, revealed instances of the Vietnamese government officials imposing their own interpretations of authenticity on the Cham communities and their living heritage sites to meet the expectations of tourists.
Glauber phases in non-global LHC observables: resummation for quark-initiated processes
Authors: Böer Philipp , Neubert Matthias , Stillger Michel
Published: October 2023

Abstract

It has been known for many years that jet cross sections at hadron colliders exhibit double-logarithmic corrections starting at four-loop order, arising from two soft Glauber-gluon interactions between the two colliding partons. The resummation of these “super-leading logarithms” has been achieved only recently by means of a renormalization-group treatment in soft-collinear effective theory. We generalize this result and, within the same framework and for quark-initiated processes, resum the double logarithms arising in the presence of an arbitrary number of Glauber-gluon exchanges. For typical choices of parameters, the higher-order Glauber terms give rise to corrections which are expected to be numerically of the same magnitude as the super-leading logarithms. However, we find that the Glauber series for jet cross sections is dominated by the two-Glauber contribution, if the colliding partons are quarks or anti-quarks.
Concentration of invariant means and dynamics of chain stabilizers in continuous geometries
Authors: Schneider Friedrich Martin
Published: October 2023

We prove a concentration inequality for invariant means on topological groups, namely for such adapted to a chain of amenable topological subgroups. The result is based on an application of Azuma’s martingale inequality and provides a method for establishing extreme amenability. Building on this technique, we exhibit new examples of extremely amenable groups arising from von Neumann’s continuous geometries. Along the way, we also answer a question by Pestov on dynamical concentration in direct products of amenable topological groups.
Validation of secondary triage algorithms for mass casualty incidents
Authors: Heller Axel R. , Neidel Tobias , Klotz Patrick J. , Solarek André , Kowalzik Barbara , Juncken Kathleen , Kleber Christan
Published: October 2023

Background

In the event of a mass casualty incident (MCI), the situation-related shortage of medical resources does not end when the patients are transported from the scene of the incident. Consequently, an initial triage is required in the receiving hospitals. In the first step, the aim of this study was to create a reference patient vignette set with defined triage categories. This allowed a computer-aided evaluation of the diagnostic quality of triage algorithms for MCI situations in the second step.

Methods

A total of 250 case vignettes validated in practice were entered into a multistage evaluation process by initially 6 and later 36 triage experts. This algorithm—independent expert evaluation of all vignettes—served as the gold standard for analyzing the diagnostic quality of the following triage algorithms: Manchester triage system (MTS module MCI), emergency severity index (ESI), Berlin triage algorithm (BER), the prehospital algorithms PRIOR and mSTaRT, and two project algorithms from a cooperation between the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan—intrahospital Jordanian-German project algorithm (JorD) and prehospital triage algorithm (PETRA). Each patient vignette underwent computerized triage through all specified algorithms to obtain comparative test quality outcomes.

Results

Of the original 250 vignettes, a triage reference database of 210 patient vignettes was validated independently of the algorithms. These formed the gold standard for comparison of the triage algorithms analyzed. Sensitivities for intrahospital detection of patients in triage category T1 ranged from 1.0 (BER, JorD, PRIOR) to 0.57 (MCI module MTS). Specificities ranged from 0.99 (MTS and PETRA) to 0.67 (PRIOR). Considering Youden’s index, BER (0.89) and JorD (0.88) had the best overall performance for detecting patients in triage category T1. Overtriage was most likely with PRIOR, and undertriage with the MCI module of MTS. Up to a decision for category T1, the algorithms require the following numbers of steps given as the median and interquartile range (IQR): ESI 1 (1–2), JorD 1 (1–4), PRIOR 3 (2–4), BER 3 (2–6), mSTaRT 3 (3–5), MTS 4 (4–5) and PETRA 6 (6–8). For the T2 and T3 categories the number of steps until a decision and the test quality of the algorithms are positively interrelated.

Conclusion

In the present study, transferability of preclinical algorithm-based primary triage results to clinical algorithm-based secondary triage results was demonstrated. The highest diagnostic quality for secondary triage was provided by the Berlin triage algorithm, followed by the Jordanian-German project algorithm for hospitals, which, however, also require the most algorithm steps until a decision.
Henry Head (1861–1940) und seine Bedeutung für die Neurologie
Authors: Rheinländer Andreas , Weih Markus
Published: October 2023

Henry Head ist vielen Neurolog*innen heute vor allem als Namensgeber der Head-Zonen bekannt. Das Konzept, das heute mehr in der Physiologie als in der inneren Medizin bzw. Psychosomatik gelehrt wird, wurde von Head aber höchstwahrscheinlich anders verstanden. Zudem kann als gesichert gelten, dass die Zeichnungen der Head-Zonen nicht von ihm stammen. Aus neurologischer Sicht ist Head heute aus zweierlei Hinsicht wichtig: Sein Selbstexperiment zur Läsion und Regeneration eines peripheren Nervs von 1909 war heroisch. Es hat Generationen von Neurolog*innen geholfen, die Pathophysiologie besser zu verstehen und damit die Prognose peripherer Nervenverletzungen besser einschätzen zu können. Der zweite Beitrag Heads betrifft die radikuläre Organisation auf Rückenmarksebene. Die spezielle Pathophysiologie der Herpes-zoster-Radikulitis erlaubte es ihm, auf der Basis von Vorarbeiten, um 1900 das Konzept des Dermatoms zu entwickeln. Henry Heads Beitrag bestand darin, die Literatur zusammenzutragen und durch eigene Fälle zu ergänzen. Da er zu dieser Zeit der bedeutendste Neurologe zumindest in der englischsprechenden Welt und mit der deutschen Neurologie gut vernetzt war, verbreiteten sich seine Dermatomkarten vermutlich besser als bis dahin bekannte Abbildungen. Weniger erfolgreich war Head aus heutiger Sicht in der Neuropsychologie bzw. mit holistischen Konzepten zu höheren kognitiven Funktionen. Sein Spätwerk zur Aphasie gilt heute als widerlegt. Heads Kritik an der strikten Lokalisation entsprach dabei dem Zeitgeist des beginnenden 20. Jahrhunderts. Dass die klassischen Beispiele Broca- und Wernicke-Aphasie tatsächlich nicht so leicht zu trennen sind, beruhte jedoch mehr auf der Leistung von Generationen von Neurolog*innen und Neuropsycholog*innen folgender Generationen sowie technischen Fortschritten.