bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
There is Not Much Eurosceptic Non-Voting in European Parliament Elections
Authors: Schmitt Hermann , Eijk Cees van der
Published: November 2023

Participation in European Parliament (EP) elections is low, and increasingly so over the five elections since 1979. While considerable research effort has been invested to explore the causes of the meagre turnout in EP elections, the results so far are somewhat inconclusive. On the aggregate level, we know quite well that context matters. It does make a difference, of course, whether voting is compulsory or not; but it matters as well whether EP elections are held concurrently with national first-order (or other ‘more important ‘ second-order) elections or whether this is not the case; whether national first-order elections are close or not; and whether or not voting is restricted to Sundays (van der Eijk and Franklin 1996: ch. 19).
Carl Schmitt and Hans Morgenthau: Realism and beyond
Authors: Scheuerman William E
Published: November 2023

We now know that the young Hans Morgenthau was involved in an intense ‘hidden dialogue’ with Carl Schmitt, twentieth-century Germany’s most significant right-wing authoritarian political thinker.2 In his earliest Weimar-era writings, Morgenthau responded to Schmitt’s influential reflections on the ‘concept of the political’: Morgenthau’s assertion that Schmitt plagiarized core arguments from his 1929 dissertation is fundamentally accurate. As Morgenthau noted, his dissertation was partly intended as a critical response to a 1927 essay by Schmitt in which the right-wing theorist had defined ‘the political’ as constituting a fundamentally distinct and independent sphere of activity, existing alongside alternative modes of human activity.
Criteria Of Optimality
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D
Published: November 2023

The most important design criterion in applications is that of D-optimality, in which the generalized variance of the parameter estimates, or its logarithm log M (ξ) , is minimized. The relationship between G-optimality and this criterion was extensively discussed in Chapter 9.
The Indian English Novel
Authors: Gopal Priyamvada
Published: November 2023

The Oxford Studies in Postcolonial Literatures series offers stimulating and accessible introductions to definitive topics and key genres and regions within the rapidly diversifying field of postcolonial literary studies in English. It is often claimed that unlike the British novel or the novel in indigenous Indian languages, Anglophone fiction in India has no genealogy of its own. Interrogating this received idea, Priyamvada Gopal shows how the English-language or Anglophone Indian novel is a heterogeneous body of fiction in which certain dominant trends and recurrent themes are, nevertheless, discernible. It is a genre that has been distinguished from its inception by a preoccupation with both history and nation as these come together to shape what scholars have termed 'the idea of India'. Structured around themes such as 'Gandhi and Fiction', 'The Bombay Novel', and 'The Novel of Partition', this study traces lines of influence across significant literary works and situates individual writers and texts in their historical context. Its emergence out of the colonial encounter and nation-formation has impelled the Anglophone novel to return repeatedly to the question: 'What is India?' In the most significant works of Anglophone fiction, 'India' emerges not just as a theme but as a point of debate, reflection, and contestation. Writers whose works are considered in their context include Rabindranath Tagore, Mulk Raj Anand, RK Narayan, Salman Rushdie, Nayantara Sahgal, Amitav Ghosh, Arundhati Roy, and Vikram Seth.
Botswana: The African Success Story
Authors: Maipose Gervase
Published: November 2023

Botswana is often cited as an exceptional development success story that has managed its aid resources effectively (Stevens 1981; Carlsson, Somolekae, and van de Walle 1997; Nordas, Sekgoma, and Somolekae 1999). Real GDP growth averaged 9 per cent between 1966 and 2006, an outstanding and uncontested economic performance record of any country in the world (Leith 2005: 4).
Assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase
Authors: Wilce Peter A , Kroon Paulus A
Published: November 2023

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34 Mevalonate: NADP+ Oxidoreductase (CoA Acetylating)) which catalyses the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate is rate limiting in cholesterol biosynthesis. Although cholesterol is the major product formed, mevalonate is also an obligatory intermediate for the synthesis of a number of other isoprenoids such as: ubiquinone, a component of the electron transport system; dolichol, required for glycoprotein synthesis; and isopentyladenosine present in transfer RNA. Recently, an important growth regulatory function of mevalonate derived products has been demonstrated (reviewed in 1). The protooncogene p21ras and proteins of the nuclear envelope have been shown to be attached to membranes by a convalently attached farnesyl residue. Inhibition of mevalonate synthesis prevents farnesylation of these proteins and blocks cell growth.
Antibody microprobes
Authors: Duggan A W
Published: November 2023

The antibody microprobe (1, 2) was developed as a means of getting better spatial precision in determining sites of release of neuropeptides in the central nervous system with minimal disturbance to the structures giving release. As such it overcomes some of the difficulties associated with other techniques used to measure release. These include the inability of surface perfusion methods to localize sites of release with any accuracy, and the trauma associated with the introduction of steel cannulae or flexible tubing into the brain and spinal cord.
Introduction to the theory of chromatographic separations with reference to gas chromatography
Authors: Bartle Keith D
Published: November 2023

Gas chromatography (GC) is pre-eminent among analytical separation methods. It offers rapid and very high resolution separations of a very wide range of compounds, with the only restriction that analytes should have sufficient volatility. It originated as a result of experiments carried out by A.T. James and A. J.P. Martin at the National Institute for Medical Research in London; the results were published in 1952. They demonstrated the separation of carboxylic acids C1-C12 by continuous partition between a liquid film on an inert support (the ‘stationary’ phase) and a gas (the ‘mobile’ phase) moving through the column of packing. These seminal results built on earlier work carried out (in Leeds), in which chromatographic separation of amino acids between two liquid phases had been demonstrated. The separation of plant pigments by simple column chromatography on columns of adsorptive solids had been known since 1906, but the technique was not commonly applied until the 1930s.
Monitoring biochemical change in malting by use of reconstructed NIR spectra
Authors: Allison M J , Maule A P
Published: November 2023

Spectral changes during malting included the development and disappearance of troughs. However, a strong peak at 2100 mm (starch or high molecular weight dextrin relating positively to extract) and a trough at 1980 mm (protein) persist through to kilning. The reconstruction at kilning had additional troughs at 2350 mm (cell walls) and its PCA-predicted values correlated highest (= 0.995) with extract values.
Oxygen transfer efficiency with a view to the improvement of lager yeast performance and beer quality
Authors: Devuyst R , Dyon D , Ramos-Jeunehomme C , Masschelein C A
Published: November 2023

The importance of wort dissolved oxygen levels to lipid metabolism, yeast performance and beer flavour is well known. The practice in the receiving period of oxygenation of the sterol depleted yeast cells has been proposed as an alternative approach to the conventional wort aeration procedure.
New method for the differential staining of dead and living cells of yeasts and bacteria
Authors: Peladan F , Leitz R
Published: November 2023

The proposed method uses two fluorescent dyes. It allows to count, in 30’ and with a hight sensitivity (1 cell/100 ml), dead and alive yeasts and bacteria. In other respects, none of the described problems arise and this method could be used all along the beer process.
The application of an immobilized yeast loop reactor to the continuous production of alcohol-free beer
Authors: Winkel L van de , Beveren P C van , Masschelein C A
Published: November 2023

Today, alcohol-free beers are produced by arrested batch fermentation, vacuum distillation, reverse osmosis or dialysis. Dealcoholized beers lack body and have poor aroma profiles; incomplete fermentations lead to beers with high residual extract and worty character.
Selection of filter-aids appropriate to beer particle size
Authors: Reed R J R , Freeman G J , Eggars H U
Published: November 2023

Selection of the correct type of filter-aid is essential if usage is to be minimized whilst still maintaining beer clarity. If the size of the voids in between the filter-aid particles is smaller than the beer particles, the filter cake will be disrupted, resulting in hazy filtrates or blocked precoat layers. The void size can be estimated from the effective bed voidage and filter-aid particle size. Mathematical models are developed which accurately predict the permeability of filter-aid/beer particle cakes. These models have been used successfully to select optimum filter-aid dosage and to predict filter-bed disruption.
Einige technologische Faktoren des Bierschaums
Authors: Voigt J -C , Reicheneder E , Krause I , Narziss L
Published: November 2023

Protein fractions responsible for beer foam have been characterized in beers produced in a pilot plant. Beers and foam fractions were investigated by SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, nitrogen analyses and FPLC. The foam stability was tested.
Emulsion stabilisation by protein-polysaccharide complexes
Authors: Dickinson Eric , Galazka Vanda B
Published: November 2023

The influence of ionic and covalent protein-polysaccharide interactions on the emulsion stabilizing properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied at pH 7. Three different polysaccharides are considered: dextran, dextran sulphate, and amylopectin. A simple 1:3 mixture of protein+ dextran sulphate (0.5 wt% BSA, 10 wt% n-hexadecane) gives much better stability than with protein alone under similar conditions. Surface shear viscosity measurements are consistent with the presence of an electrostatic complex of BSA+ dextran sulphate adsorbed at the oil-water interface. Poor stability with respect to coalescence and creaming is consistent with the absence of such interactions in emulsions made with simple mixtures of BSA+ dextran or BSA+ amylopectin. On the other hand, the formation of a aillard-type complex by extended dry heating of BSA+ dextran gives a soluble covalent protein-polysaccharide hybrid with excellent emulsion stabilizing properties. Dry heating of BSA+ amylopectin also leads to improved functionality over the simple mixture.
Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Johnson Julie D , Holliman Richard E
Published: November 2023

The obligate intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, is a recognized cause of lymphadenopathy or a clinical syndrome resembling glandular fever. Infection of immunocompromised individuals, including the fetus, patients with Hodgkin’s disease, organ graft recipients, and the AIDS sufferer are prone to severe or even life-threatening disease. Routine serological assessment has been established for HIV infected persons and in cases of heart, heart/lung, or liver transplantation, while the place of antenatal screening is the subject of active consideration. Consequently, the diagnostic laboratory may receive requests for investigation of toxoplasma infection in a range of clinical settings and a large number of diagnostic assays have been developed to meet this challenge.
Early Stages of Protein Folding
Authors: Roder Heinrich , Elove Gulnur A
Published: November 2023

The ability of a polypeptide chain to fold up into a unique, highly ordered structure is the most important feature that distinguishes a biologically active protein from an inert polymer. For many proteins, especially small ones with a single globular domain, this remarkable disorder-order transition can be reproduced in the test-tube, making it accessible to direct physical investigation. Equilibrium studies where the interconversion between folded and unfolded states is observed as a function of extrinsic variables (temperature, solvent composition, pH, pressure) have led to a thorough understanding of the thermodynamic properties of folded and unfolded proteins (1-3), and the application of site-directed mutagenesis has provided important clues to the interactions that stabilize the native structure (4-8). However, these studies give little insight into the mechanism of folding, since folding-unfolding transitions are often highly co-operative and partially-folded intermediate states are not well-populated at equilibrium. On the other hand, kinetic folding experiments have revealed transient folding intermediates for many proteins, suggesting that folding proceeds through a limited number of pathways with well-defined intermediates (9-12).
Protein Folding in Biotechnology
Authors: Thatcher David R , Hitchcock Antony
Published: November 2023

Protein folding is no longer a purely academic research topic. Refolding denatured proteins is now recognized as a discrete and pivotal unit operation in the production of several products of industrial importance. In the health care business alone the market for cytokine products known to be manufactured through a route involving a refolding step is greater than $750 M and predicted to rise to greater than $7000 M by the year 2000 (1). Protein folding therefore encompasses not only the challenge of understanding the perhaps rather esoteric notion of 'unboiling of an egg' (2) but now also the challenge of mass producing biotechnology products safely and economically; a class of products already vital to the quality of life and in some cases survival of many individuals. Why do these products require refolding? The success of modern biotechnology results from advances in molecular biology which have enabled any 'foreign' or heterologous gene to be expressed in another organism or 'host' cell line-the production vehicle. However, transcription and translation of the recombinant gene do not always lead to the accumulation of a folded fully active protein. Instead recombinant gene expression may lead to the production of protein in an inactive insoluble form. In order to make a useful product this insoluble protein has to be solubilized and then refolded artificially. Thus what could have been a fruitless exercise in molecular biology is transformed into a billion dollar business.
Non-isotopic detection of DNA in
tissues
Authors: O’Leary, J J , Browne G , Bashir M S , Landers R J , Crowley M , Healy I , Lewis F A , Doyle C T
Published: November 2023

Over the last three or four decades, new techniques employing immunological and molecular biological assays have had a major impact in histopathology. The field of molecular biology has expanded dramatically with the development of recombinant DNA techniques which make sensitive detection of specific DNA and RNA sequences by molecular hybridization now possible.
Influence of maltings microflora on malt quality
Authors: Stars A C , South J B , Smith N A
Published: November 2023

Variation in the pH of batches of malt can lead to inconsistent brewhouse performance, including inefficient removal of cold break and subsequent wort clarity problems. A major contributor to this variation is process-dependent fluctuation in the organic acid profile of the malt. These acids are found at all stages of malting and the pattern of their production is dependent upon both microbial and barley metabolism. This study demonstrates the interactions between grain environment and microbial populations during malting which govern final organic acid concentration. Kilning regime has been identified as a critical factor.
Practical experiences with immunological detection of Fusarium in barley and malt
Authors: Vaag Pia , Pedersen Stig
Published: November 2023

Immunological quantification of Fusarium metabolites has been used to evaluate Fusarium infection in Danish barley and development of the mold during storage and malting. The possibility of predicting gushing tendency in beer by determination of Fusarium antigens in barley and malt has also been investigated.
Developments in the evaluation of beer flavour
Authors: Hegarty P K , White F H
Published: November 2023

The application of quality systems such as ISO 9000 to tasting demands that flavour information can be shown to be repeatable and reliable. Computerised statistics packages are used to monitor the performance of every assessor for each flavour descriptor. This information is used for selection of panelists, panel monitoring and training. The Software is used to present information in a format that can be readily understood (eg. Principle Component Analysis, Spider Diagrams, etc.). Thus it is possible to “calibrate” the flavour profile panel analogous to the calibration of laboratory analytical instruments and present results that are highly reliable, easily understood and meet the business needs of today’s brewing industry.
Wort analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Sjöholm Katharina , Tenhunen Jussi , Home Silja , Pietilä Kirsti
Published: November 2023

Application of transmission near-infrared spectroscopy to the determination of glucose, maltose, maltotriose, nitrogen, free a-amino nitrogen and B-glucans in wort was studied. NIR spectra of traditional and high gravity worts were scanned at 1200-2400 nm. NIR spectroscopy was also used for monitoring biochemical changes during mashing. Good calibrations for individual fermentable sugars and for the sum of fermentable sugars were obtained with the PLS calibration method. Calibrations for process control purposes were developed for nitrogen and free a-amino nitrogen. Since no sample preparation other than filtration was required, the technique provided a rapid method for determination of wort quality.
Validation
Authors: O’Fegan Peter
Published: November 2023

In the past three decades, RIA systems have diversified to give microtitre plate enzyme-immunoassays, time-resolved immunofluorimetric assays, automated random access immunoanalysers and single-step qualitative immunotests that are usable by members of the general public. To be acceptable to end users, all must be validated and these validation criteria are to a large extent independent of test format. Validation criteria revolve around the key concepts of precision and accuracy.

However, with respect to many important details, how assay validity may be demonstrated depends on the analyte in question and on its chemical nature. When the analyte is available in highly pure form and is chemically definable, a true reference method may be available and the validation procedure may be more rigorous and straight-forward in many respects. However the analyte may be a specific antibody, be biochemically poorly characterized, genetically variable, biologically or chemically glycosylated to various degrees or exist in different forms owing to partial denaturation and partial hydrolysis (e.g. peptide nicking). In many such cases, validation procedures may be peculiar to the kind of analyte in question but they all would adhere to the principles outlined in this chapter.
The green fluorescent protein(GFP) as reporter in plant cells
Authors: Neuhaus Jean-Marc , Boevink Petra
Published: November 2023

Reporter proteins are an important tool in the study of gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes. Their advantage resides in their easy and reproducible detection under standardized conditions in a large variety of organisms and cell types. The detection of most reporter proteins ( -galactosidase, -glucuronidase, luciferase) relies on the enzymatic production of a coloured, fluorescent, or luminescent product which then allows an easy quantification or localization. The advantage of enzymatic reporters resides in their sensitivity, as a single protein can produce abundant product molecules, while their disadvantage resides in the need to bring an artificial substrate into contact with the enzyme. This introduction may be differentially efficient in different tissues and may even require fixation and permeabilization of the tissue. The discovery of spontaneously fluorescent proteins that do not need extraneous fluorophores or substrates has permitted the study of the expression of genes and the localization of proteins in living cells, even in whole living organisms.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Perfluorohexyloctane Ophthalmic Solution for the Treatment of Patients With Dry Eye Disease: The KALAHARI Study
Authors: Protzko Eugene E. , Segal Bruce A. , Korenfeld Michael S. , Krösser Sonja , Vittitow Jason L.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of perfluorohexyloctane (PFHO) ophthalmic drop (formerly NOV03) for treatment of dry eye disease (DED).

Methods:

KALAHARI was a phase 3, multicenter, single-arm, open-label extension study in patients aged 18 years or older with DED associated with Meibomian gland dysfunction who completed the randomized, double-masked, hypotonic saline-controlled GOBI study. Patients instilled 1 drop of PFHO (MIEBO, Bausch + Lomb) 4 times daily in both eyes for 52 weeks. Safety assessments included adverse events, best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, and dilated fundoscopy. Efficacy end points included change from GOBI study baseline in total corneal fluorescein staining and eye dryness score (0–100 visual analog scale).

Results:

Overall, 208 patients from GOBI (PFHO [n = 97]; saline [n = 111]) were rolled over into KALAHARI. Twenty-nine patients (13.9%) had ≥1 ocular adverse event, with most being mild or moderate in severity; the most common ocular adverse events were vitreous detachment (1.9%), allergic conjunctivitis (1.4%), blurred vision (1.4%), and increased lacrimation (1.4%). Other safety end points were unremarkable. For patients continuing PFHO from GOBI, improvements in total corneal fluorescein staining and visual analog scale dryness scores observed in GOBI were maintained throughout KALAHARI. Patients treated with saline in GOBI and switched to PFHO in KALAHARI showed improvements in total corneal fluorescein staining and visual analog scale scores by week 4 that were maintained for the rest of the study.

Conclusions:

PFHO was safe and well tolerated and maintained efficacy for improving signs and symptoms of DED in this year-long study of patients with DED associated with Meibomian gland dysfunction.
Implantation of Intracorneal Ring Segments in Keratectasia: Effects on Corneal Biomechanics in 112 Eyes
Authors: Hamon Loïc , Pfahl Luisa J. , Flockerzi Elias , Berger Tim , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold , Daas Loay
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to analyze changes in corneal biomechanical properties after implantation of intracorneal ring segments (ICRSs) in keratectasia.

Methods:

This retrospective single-center study included 112 patient eyes that underwent femtosecond laser-assisted ICRS implantation (Intacs SK; Addition Technology Inc, Des Plaines, IL) for keratectasia. Biomechanical analysis was performed using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Inc, Depew, NY), with determination of corneal resistance factor, corneal hysteresis, and Keratoconus Match Index, as well as by Corvis ST (OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany), with determination of stiffness parameter A1, Ambrosio relational thickness to the horizontal profile (Arth), integrated radius, deformation amplitude ratio, and stress–strain index as well as Corvis Biomechanical Index and Tomographic Biomechanical Index. Data collection was performed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively for ORA and Corvis ST and additionally after 1 and 2 years for ORA.

Results:

The corneal resistance factor decreased significantly postoperatively (5.8 ± 1.7 mm Hg) compared with preoperatively (6.75 ± 3.7 mm Hg; P = 0.021) and increased again during follow-up (6.2 ± 1.9 mm Hg; P = 0.024), without regaining preoperative values. Corneal hysteresis and Keratoconus Match Index did not change significantly. Stiffness parameter A1 (P = 0.045) increased significantly after ICRS implantation and Arth decreased significantly from 181 ± 85 to 150 ± 92 (P = 0.016). However, there was no significant postoperative change for others Corvis parameters.

Conclusions:

Corneal biomechanical properties showed inconsistent changes after ICRS implantation. Classical corneal biomechanical parameters (using single central air-puff tonometers) do not seem to be suitable for follow-up after ICRS implantation.
Descemet Stripping Only: Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Hakim Farida Esaa , Nagra Avneet Kaur , Dhaliwal Deepinder Kaur
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Descemet stripping only (DSO) is a relatively novel treatment for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). In this procedure, a central area of Descemet membrane and endothelium is removed without the insertion of donor tissue. Evaluation of long-term outcomes (≥5 years) after DSO is imperative to establish the validity of this procedure and to determine its role in the management of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy. Published outcomes are limited but promising. This study evaluates the 5- and 6-year outcomes of patients who had DSO at a single institution.

Methods:

This is a retrospective chart review of patients with FECD who underwent DSO in 2016 and 2017.

Results:

Eleven patients and 13 eyes met the criteria. Twelve of 13 eyes achieved corneal clearance. Two eyes had corneal decompensation requiring subsequent endothelial keratoplasty (EK). Of the 10 eyes that maintained clear corneas, 9 had a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of at least 20/30 (mean logarithm of the minimim angle of resolution [logMAR] visual acuity [VA] 0.18 ± 0.16) at 5 years post-operatively (POY5). At 6 years, 7 of 8 eyes had a VA better than 20/40 (mean logMAR VA 0.17 ± 0.04). One patient had decreased VA due to progression of macular degeneration. Patients who required EK achieved good vision and corneal clearance.

Conclusions:

This is the largest series of patients with long-term follow-up after DSO. Ten of the 13 eyes (77%) responded and maintained clear central corneas for at least 5 years. Patients with failed DSO can achieve corneal clearance and good vision with subsequent EK. These patient outcomes support the role of DSO in the management of patients with FECD.
The cost of universal design for public buildings: exploring a realistic, context-dependent research approach
Authors: Ielegems Elke , Vanrie Jan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

A challenge in implementing Universal Design (UD) is the perceived additional cost, which acts as a barrier to its widespread adoption. The few studies that have examined the cost for UD apply a theoretical research approach, failing to account for the unique design context that influences construction costs. This article presents a research methodology to calculate the UD cost in a realistic, context-dependent manner.

Design/methodology/approach

To address this gap, “Research-by-Design” is applied in a case study approach involving twelve cases from three typologies: secondary schools, town halls and small retail shops. Two scenarios are compared to the existing situation: (1) “renovating into a 100% inclusive building” and (2) “building fully inclusive right away”.

Findings

Although the methodology is time-consuming, it allows for a fair, realistic and detailed comparison between costs in different scenarios and cases. Findings show how financial implications are strongly related to its scale. Both “renovation” and “new build” scenarios involve costs, but these are considerably lower for the latter. “Circulation” and “Exterior stairs and ramps” are among the most expensive to renovate, but have almost no additional cost in the examined cases for the “new build scenario”.

Research limitations/implications

The research methodology presented in this study is time-consuming, which may limit its feasibility for large-scale cost assessments in diverse contexts.

Practical implications

The research methodology proposed in this study provides valuable insights for architects, designers and stakeholders involved in the implementation of UD. It offers a realistic and context-dependent approach to assess the cost implications of UD, enabling informed decision-making during the design and construction phases.

Social implications

By revealing the specific cost implications of UD in different building contexts, this study contributes to promoting greater accessibility and inclusion in the built environment.

Originality/value

The applied approach distinguishes this study for its ability to provide rich contextual information on actual cost implications for UD. By considering real cases and their unique design contexts, valuable insights are offered into the true costs of implementing UD in the built environment.
Cited by: automating citation counts for monographs using Google Scholar
Authors: Coughlin Daniel , Dudash Andrew , Gordon Jacob
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of automating Google Scholar searching to harvest citation data of monographs for collection analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

This study discusses the creation and refinement of a Scraper application programming interface query structure created to match library collection inventories to their Google Scholar listings to retrieve citation counts.

Findings

This paper indicates that Google Scholar is a feasible and usable tool for retrieving monograph citation data.

Originality/value

This study shows that Google Scholar citation data can be harvested for monographs in an automated fashion to serve as a source of bibliographic data, something not typically done outside of individual academics and writers tracking their personal academic impact factors.
A hypothalamus‐habenula circuit regulates psychomotor responses induced by cocaine
Authors: Ahn Dan Bi , Jang Han Byeol , Ryu Yeonhee , Kim Hyung Kyu , Guan Xiaowei , Fan Yu , Lee Bae Hwan , Kim Hee Young
Published: November 2023

Administration of cocaine increases synaptic dopamine levels by blocking dopamine reuptake and leads to increased locomotor activity and compulsive drug‐seeking behaviour. It has been suggested that the lateral hypothalamus (LH) or lateral habenula (LHb) is involved in drug‐seeking behaviours. To explore the role of the LH and the LHb in cocaine‐induced psychomotor responses, we tested whether modulation of the LH or the LH‐LHb circuit affects cocaine‐induced locomotion. Cocaine‐induced locomotor activity and dopamine release were suppressed by the activation of the LH with 2‐[2,6‐difluoro‐4‐[[2‐[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl]thio]phenoxy]acetamide (PEPA), an AMPA receptor agonist. When the LH was inhibited by microinjection of a GABA receptor agonists mixture prior to cocaine injection, the cocaine's effects were enhanced. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of the LH‐LHb circuit attenuated the cocaine‐induced locomotion, while optogenetic inhibition of the LH‐LHb circuit increased it. In vivo extracellular recording found that the LH sent a glutamatergic projection to the LHb. These findings suggest that the LH glutamatergic projection to the LHb plays an active role in the modulation of cocaine‐induced psychomotor responses.
Modern entrepreneurship and the ‘doughnut’: productive or destructive?
Authors: Satyadini Agung , Song Ligang
Published: November 2023

Modern entrepreneurship is vital to economic sustainability in conceptualising, modelling, mapping, and framing the new concept of socially and environmentally sustainable businesses. This paper explores how modern entrepreneurship can be used to identify and address productive, unproductive, and destructive social and environmental practices. By examining the relationship between modern entrepreneurship, socio‐economic constraints, and environmental boundaries, this paper evaluates the importance of modern entrepreneurship on both social‐economic and environmental performance. The findings suggest that significant institutional transformation is necessary to improve socio‐economic performance, and a well‐crafted regulatory framework is critical to achieving positive environmental outcomes. Overall, this research highlights the importance of considering both social‐economic and environmental factors when evaluating the impact of modern entrepreneurship.
Moving house: How much choice do people with learning disabilities have about where they live?
Authors: Blood Lauren , Ribenfors Francesca , Hatton Chris , Marriott Anna
Published: November 2023

Background

People with learning disabilities have the right to choose where they live. However, evidence suggests people's choices are limited due to a shortage of housing.

Methods

200 Lives was a mixed methods research project, which evaluated supported living and residential care for people with learning disabilities in England; 107 people with learning disabilities took part, 77 from supported living and 30 from residential care.

Findings

Two‐thirds of people in supported living compared to half of those in residential care chose the place they were currently living in; however, less than half of all participants looked at another property before moving to their current house. People in supported living were significantly more likely to have chosen who they lived with. Reasons for moving mainly consisted of reactive moves following an issue with the previous living situation. Many people had not considered moving in the future.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that people's choices about where to live were constrained regarding the properties on offer and who to live with. This suggests that people's housing rights were not being upheld. Support and housing providers should ensure that housing can adapt to people's changing needs and wishes over the course of their lives.
Featured Cover
Authors: Zhu Meng‐Chao , Hu Wei , Lin Lei , Yang Qing‐Wen , Zhang Lu , Xu Jia‐Lin , Xu Yi‐Tong , Liu Jia‐Sheng , Zhang Meng‐Di , Tong Xiao‐Yu , Zhu Kai‐Yi , Feng Ke , Feng Yi , Su Jian‐Zhong , Huang Xiu‐Feng , Li Jin
Published: November 2023

The cover image is based on the Original Article Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals new subtypes of lens superficial tissue in humans by Meng‐Chao Zhu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13477.

image
Co‐designing a community lifestyle intervention program to reduce postpartum weight retention
Authors: Makama Maureen , Skouteris Helen , Moran Lisa J. , Hill Briony , Redman Leanne M. , Lim Siew
Published: November 2023

Background

Postpartum weight retention is a major contributor to obesity in later life resulting in long‐term health consequences in women. Postpartum lifestyle interventions are known to be effective in reducing postpartum weight retention and improving the overall health and wellbeing of mothers but have poor reach and engagement. This study describes the engagement of mothers with young children in the development of a theory‐ and evidence‐based intervention to reduce postpartum weight retention.

Methods

A participatory design methodology with input from a community mothers' group, literature reviews and an expert advisory group was applied. Mothers who were members of ‘Mothers of Preschoolers’ (MOPS) were invited to participate in a focus group discussion and two co‐design workshop sessions.

Results

Thirteen women participated in a focus group discussion and 12 women in each co‐design workshop. We found that mothers valued having social support from their peers, practical support such as meal delivery, and learning opportunities that focus on the mother's health and wellbeing. The advisory group suggested leveraging the unique skills and prior experiences of mothers within the group and developing a curriculum that mothers can be trained to deliver.

Conclusion

A program that emphasizes the strengths and value of mothers can increase their self‐worth and self‐confidence resulting in intrinsic motivation to improve lifestyle behaviours. An intervention designed to be implemented by MOPS for its members and incorporated into their regular sessions has the potential for feasibility and acceptability among mothers with young children.

Patient or Public Contribution

Mothers with young children were part of the program planners and were involved in the design and conduct of this study and in the interpretation of the findings. A member of a community mothers' group recruited other mothers with young children within the group to participate in a series of sessions to discuss their experiences of the postpartum period and preferences for a lifestyle program. The mothers identified the behavioural outcomes and program goals for a postpartum lifestyle program and then generated the program ideas based on these.
COLORANTS FOR PLASTICS: THE BUYER‐SELLER DIALOGUE
Authors: Webber Thomas G.
Published: November 2023

Colorant standardization, raw materials testing, and color tolerances are discussed from the standpoint of improving quality control in the production of colored plastics. Much of what is said applies to the industrial coloring of any product.
SPECTRORADIOMETRY AND COLORIMETRY IN THE LIGHTING INDUSTRY
Authors: JEROME CHARLES W.
Published: November 2023

Spectroradiometry is fundamental in the measurement and evaluation of color. It is used in the evaluation of new light sources, in the analysis of problem areas, and for the compilation of data for inclusion in the technical brochures describing lighting products. The basic elements of a spectroradiometer are described and the application of spectral‐power distribution measurements to photometry and colorimetry is illustrated.
ADDITIVE COLOR MIXTURE WITH FLUORESCENT PIGMENTS AND SPECIAL ILLUMINATION
Authors: STRAIN RICHARD A.
Published: November 2023

Although the artist uses subtractive color mixture when the starting point is a white surface and color mixture is accomplished by physically intermixing paints, he can use additive color mixture if he applies his paints to the canvas in small dots, creating a mosaic structure. Conventional pigments, however, lack a high enough relative brightness to synthesize white; the artist must revert to mixing white pigment to his paints to get a full range of lights and darks, just as in subtractive color mixture painting methods. By employing fluorescent pigments with special illumination, the visual artist can now obtain additive primaries of sufficient brightness to synthesize white; thus, for the first time, he can create images in his graphic media using purely additive color mixture.
Money and Credit Coexistence, Excess Capacity, and the Size of Monetary Aggregates
Authors: MENNUNI ALESSANDRO
Published: November 2023

This paper develops a model where money is demanded in excess of spending needs. As a result, money coexists with large availabilities of credit and the model explains the levels of monetary aggregates held in modern economies via the endogenous creation of inside money. At the heart of the model, there is a search friction in the goods market, which generates spare production and spending capacity. As a consequence, there is an endogenous productivity wedge, due to spare production capacity, and an endogenous money velocity, due to spare spending capacity.
Gaps and Opportunities for Strengthening In‐School Support for Youth Living With HIV
Authors: Njuguna Irene , Mugo Cyrus , Mbwayo Anne , Augusto Orvalho , Wamalwa Dalton , Inwani Irene
Published: November 2023

Objectives

With optimized antiretroviral treatment youth living with HIV (YLH) now spend most of their time in schools, making schools an important venue to optimize outcomes. We evaluated school support for YLH.

Methods

We conducted surveys with public secondary/high schools in 3 Kenyan counties (Nairobi, Homa Bay, and Kajiado) to determine policies and training related to HIV. Chi‐squared tests and Poisson regression were used to compare policy availability and staff training by county HIV prevalence and school type.

Results

Of 512 schools in the 3 counties, we surveyed 100. The majority (60%) of schools surveyed had boarding facilities. The median student population was 406 (IQR: 200, 775). Only half (49%) of schools had medication use policies; more in boarding than day schools (65% vs 30%, p = .003). While most schools (82%) had clinic attendance policies; policy availability was higher in higher HIV prevalence counties (Homa Bay [100%], Nairobi [82%], Kajiado [56%], p < .05). Overall, 64% had confidentiality policies with higher policy availability in higher HIV prevalence regions (p < .05). Few schools had staff trained in HIV‐related topics: HIV prevention (37%), HIV treatment (18%), HIV stigma reduction (36%). Few were trained in confidentiality (41%), psychosocial support (40%), or mental health (26%). Compared to day schools, boarding school were more likely to have staff trained in HIV prevention (prevalence ratio: 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.0, 4.0], p = .037).

Conclusion

In this survey of Kenyan schools, there were notable gaps in HIV care policy availability and training, despite high HIV burden. Development and implementation of national school HIV policies and staff training as well as strengthening clinic and family support may improve outcomes for YLH.
Dilemmas and Dimensions of Social Movement Escalation1
Authors: Meyer David S.
Published: November 2023

Social movements must find ways to intensify their efforts to maintain political relevance—and potential influence. But escalation comes with risks in the potential reactions from authorities, supporters, potential supporters, and opponents. I argue that recognizing two elements of escalation can help. First, we need to acknowledge that movements are not unitary actors and that a large movement cannot always stop putative allies from escalating in risky ways. Second, I argue that scholars and activists can do better in making sense of the dynamics of escalation by disaggregating three dimensions of aggression by tactics, claims, and venues, assessing the range of responses to escalation on each of these dimensions. Social movement organizers face continual pressure to find ways to escalate, but responses from authorities and allies can provide a brake on escalation. I illustrate my arguments with reference to contemporary movements of the left and right in the United States and conclude by discussing the importance (and danger) of certain government responses.
Efficient approach to computing travel time with the parabolic equation model
Authors: Heaney Kevin D. , Campbell Richard L.
Published: November 2023

An efficient method for computing the travel time of an acoustic wave using the parabolic equation model is presented. The frequency derivative of the acoustic phase is the differential travel time associated with a propagation in range. By taking this difference across closely spaced frequencies this method computes the acoustic travel time. This method requires the computation of the field at two frequencies rather than over the full band. The method compares well with other travel time methods for four different cases, including deep water, upslope and shallow water, and a three-dimensional propagation environment.
Surface diffusion enhanced ion transport through two-dimensional nanochannels
Authors: Jiang Yu , Hu Rong , Yang Chongyang , Zhou Zhihua , Yuan Gang , Zhou Han , Hu Sheng
Published: November 2023

Fast ion permeation in nanofluidic channels has been intensively investigated in the past few decades because of their potential uses in separation technologies and osmotic energy harvesting. Mechanisms governing ion transport at this ultimately small spatial regime remain to be understood, which can only be achieved in nanochannels that are controllably fabricated. Here, we report the fabrication of two-dimensional nanochannels with their top and bottom walls consisting of atomically flat graphite and mica crystals, respectively. The distinct wall structures and properties enable us to investigate interactions between ions and interior surfaces. We find an enhanced ion transport within the channels that is orders of magnitude faster than that in the bulk solutions. The result is attributed to the highly dense packing of adsorbed cations at mica surfaces, where they diffuse in-plane. Our work provides insights into surface effects on ion transport at the nanoscale.
A prototype of dual-ion conductor for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Yu Tao , Li Haoyu , Liu Yuankai , Li Jingchang , Tian Jiaming , Liu Zhaoguo , Rao Yuan , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: November 2023

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) represent a promising battery strategy to achieve high energy density with great safety. However, inadequate kinetic property and poor interfacial compatibility remain great challenges, which impede their practical application. A prototype of dual-ion conductor of Li
+
synchronized with Cu
+
unlocks a four-electron redox reaction with high reversibility and fast kinetics. As a result, the constructed ASSB exhibited a high reversible capacity of 603.0 mA·hour g
−1
and an excellent cycling retention of 93.2% over 1500 cycles. Moreover, because of the ion highway connecting active materials and catholytes constructed by dual-ion conductor, remarkable temperature tolerance (−60°C) and excellent rate performance (231.6 mA·hour g
−1
at 20 mA cm
−2
) were achieved. The superior electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the migration pathway with small energy barrier and low tortuosity once the Cu
+
introduced into Li
6
PS
5
Cl. This work creates a unique perspective of ASSBs with dual-ion conducting strategy, thus inspiring a potential developing strategy of state-of-the-art ASSBs.
Personal factors and baseline function in patients undergoing non-operative management for chronic hip-related groin pain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: DeMargel Rebecca D , Steger-May Karen , Haroutounian Simon , Zorn Patricia , Cheng Abby , Clohisy John C , Harris-Hayes Marcie
Published: November 2023

Aim

Little is known about the relationship between personal factors and perception of hip-related function among patients with chronic hip-related groin pain (HRGP) seeking non-operative management. This analysis was performed to determine if depressive symptoms, central sensitisation, movement evoked pain (MEP), pressure hypersensitivity and activity level were associated with patients’ perception of hip-related function, represented by the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33).

Methods

This cross-sectional study used baseline data from a pilot randomised clinical trial. Participants had anterior hip symptoms for at least 3 of the past 12 months reproduced on examination. Depressive symptoms, central sensitisation and activity level were quantified with self-report questionnaires. MEP was assessed during step down and squat. Pain pressure threshold (PPT) was used to assess pressure hypersensitivity. Statistical analysis was performed to assess bivariate association between variables and independent association of variables with iHOT-33.

Results

Data from 33 participants (aged 18–40 years) with HRGP were analysed. Greater depressive symptoms (rs=−0.48, p=0.005), higher MEP during step down (rs=−0.36, p=0.040) and squat (rs=−0.39, p=0.024), and greater central sensitisation (rs=−0.33, p=0.058) were associated with lower (worse) iHOT-33 scores. Greater depressive symptoms (β=−0.47, 95% CI −0.76 to −0.17; p=0.003) and higher MEP during squat (β=−0.38, 95% CI −0.68 to −0.08; p=0.014) accounted for 37% of variability in iHOT-33. After adjusting for depressive symptoms and MEP, PPT, central sensitisation symptoms and activity level were not associated iHOT-33.

Conclusions

In patients with HRGP seeking non-operative management, greater depressive symptoms and MEP are independently associated with worse self-perceived hip function.

Trial registration number

NCT03959319