bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timed up-and-go performance is associated with objectively measured life space in patients 3 months after ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Rössler Roland , Rommers Nikki , Kim Eun-Kyeong , Iendra Laura , Sofios Alexander , Giannouli Eleftheria , Portegijs Erja , Rantanen Taina , Infanger Denis , Bridenbaugh Stephanie , Engelter Stefan T. , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno , Weibel Robert , Peters Nils , Hinrichs Timo
Published: December 2022

Background

Stroke is a common cause of mobility limitation, including a reduction in life space. Life space is defined as the spatial extent in which a person moves within a specified period of time. We aimed to analyze patients’ objective and self-reported life space and clinical stroke characteristics.

Methods

MOBITEC-Stroke is a prospective observational cohort study addressing poststroke mobility. This cross-sectional analysis refers to 3-month data. Life space was assessed by a portable tracking device (7 consecutive days) and by self-report (Life-Space Assessment; LSA). We analysed the timed up-and-go (TUG) test, stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NIHSS), and the level of functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale; mRS) in relation to participants’ objective (distance- and area-related life-space parameters) and self-reported (LSA) life space by multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, and residential area.

Results

We included 41 patients, mean age 70.7 (SD11.0) years, 29.3% female, NIHSS score 1.76 (SD1.68). We found a positive relationship between TUG performance and maximum distance from home (p = 0.006), convex hull area (i.e. area enclosing all Global Navigation Satellite System [GNSS] fixes, represented as a polygon linking the outermost points; p = 0.009), perimeter of the convex hull area (i.e. total length of the boundary of the convex hull area; p = 0.008), as well as the standard ellipse area (i.e. the two-dimensional ellipse containing approximately 63% of GNSS points; p = 0.023), in multivariable regression analyses.

Conclusion

The TUG, an easily applicable bedside test, seems to be a useful indicator for patients’ life space 3 months poststroke and may be a clinically useful measure to document the motor rehabilitative process.
The impact of the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic on patients with chronic inflammatory neuropathies: results from the German INHIBIT register
Authors: Hieke Alina , Spenner Marie , Schmitz Fynn , Schumacher Aurelian , Schröder Maximilian , Klimas Rafael , Sgodzai Melissa , Brünger Jil , Grüter Thomas , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Fisse Anna Lena , Motte Jeremias
Published: December 2022

Introduction

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is especially compromising for patients with autoimmune diseases with or without immunomodulatory treatment. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes in the health care of patients with immune-mediated neuropathies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We performed a longitudinal study using questionnaires in a prospective cohort of patients with immune-mediated neuropathies at two timepoints of the pandemic: May–July 2021 and May–July 2022.

Results

The cohort consisted of 73 patients (55 male), mean age 62 years, 68 patients with CIDP, 5 with other immune neuropathies. In 2021, 19.2% of the patients reported a reduced number of physician–patient-contacts, while 13.7% reported this in 2022. Nevertheless, the overall health-care situation worsened from 2021 to 2022: 15.1% reported reduced overall healthcare in 2021, 26.0% in 2022. In 2021, 29.4% of patients reported absence of physio-/occupational therapy, while 34.4% reported this in 2022. Switching immunomodulatory treatment and stretching of treatment intervals occurred more often in 2022 (38.4%) than in 2021 (27.4%). 12 COVID-19-infections occurred overall, with typical only mild symptoms. The rate of fully vaccinated patients was 61.6% and 98.6% in May–July 2021 and 2022, respectively. Only minor side-effects after vaccination were reported.

Conclusion

Despite mitigation of COVID-19 restrictions from 2021 to 2022, the health-care situation of patients worsened in this time. Reasons could be the international shortage of immunoglobulins during the pandemic and reduced physio/ergotherapy due to lingering regulatory restrictions. Vaccination rate was high in our cohort of patients compared to the general German population and CIDP did not seem to be a risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Gastrointestinal parasites in young dogs and risk factors associated with infection
Authors: Murnik Lea-Christina , Daugschies Arwid , Delling Cora
Published: December 2022

Young dogs are particularly susceptible to infections with endoparasites. The occurrence of endoparasites was investigated in young dogs from Central Germany between July 2020 and July 2022. In total, 386 fecal samples originating from 171 dogs were examined for the prevalence of endoparasites using a combined flotation- and sedimentation technique and conventional PCR. Overall, in 41.2% (159/386) of the examined samples, endoparasites were detected. The most frequently occurring endoparasites were Giardia duodenalis (29%), Cryptosporidium spp. (9.1%), Cystoisospora spp. (7.3%), and Toxocara canis (6%). Sequencing of G. duodenalis positive samples showed that most infections belonged to the host-specific assemblages C (38.4% (43/112)) and D (35.7% (40/112)). The zoonotic assemblage A was identified in 8% (9/112) of the samples. Moreover, mixed infections were observed as follows: C/D in 5 (4.5%), D/A in 4 (3.6%), and C/A in 3 (2.7%) samples. All assemblage A infections were assigned to the potentially zoonotic subassemblage AI. Co-infections of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were observed in 3.1% (12/386) of the samples. Analyzing several host factors for their potential association with endoparasitic infection, the origin of dogs, as well as the living environment were identified as the main risk factors for infection with endoparasites. Overall, this study shows a high infection rate with endoparasites, especially G. duodenalis, in young dogs from Germany. The results of this study contribute to further insight into the distribution and potential risk factors associated with endoparasitic infections, as well as the zoonotic potential these parasites may present.
Variation in breeding phenology in response to climate change in two passerine species
Authors: Andreasson Fredrik , Nord Andreas , Nilsson Jan-Åke
Published: December 2022

Increasingly warmer springs have caused phenological shifts in both plants and animals. In birds, it is well established that mean laying date has advanced to match the earlier food peak. We know less about changes in the distribution of egg-laying dates within a population and the environmental variables that determine this variation. This could be an important component of how populations respond to climate change. We, therefore, used laying date and environmental data from 39 years (1983–2021) to determine how climate change affected laying date variation in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and marsh tits (Poecile palustris), two sympatric passerines with different life histories. Both species advanced mean laying date (0.19–0.24 days per year) and mean laying date showed a negative relationship with maximum spring temperature in both blue and marsh tits. In springs with no clear temperature increase during the critical time window (the time-window in which mean laying date was most sensitive to temperature) start of breeding in blue tits was distributed over a longer part of the season. However, there was no such pattern in marsh tits. Our findings suggest that temperature change, and not necessarily absolute temperature, can shape the variation in breeding phenology in a species-specific manner, possibly linked to variation in life-history strategies. This is an important consideration when predicting how climate change affects timing of breeding within a population.
Evaluation of long-term performance of an intraperitoneal biomaterial in the treatment of ventral hernias
Authors: Linn John G. , Mallico Eric J. , Doerhoff Carl R. , Grantham David W. , Washington Raymond G.
Published: December 2022

Background

One-year device safety and clinical outcomes of ventral hernia repair with the GORE® SYNECOR Intraperitoneal Biomaterial, a hybrid composite mesh was evaluated.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter, case review analyzed device/procedure endpoints and patient-reported outcomes in patients treated for hernia repair ≥ 1 year from study enrollment.

Results

Included were 459 patients (with 469 ventral hernias) with a mean age of 58 ± 15 years; 77.1% met Ventral Hernia Working Group 2 (VHWG2) classification. Mean hernia size was 18.9 cm2 and 57.3% of hernias were incisional. Laparoscopic or robotic approach was utilized in 95.4% of patients. Mesh location was intraperitoneal for 75.6% and bridging repair was performed in 57.3%. Procedure-related adverse events within 30-days occurred in 5.0% of patients and included surgical site infection (SSI), surgical site occurrence (SSO), ileus, readmission, and re-operation. Procedure-related SSI or SSO events were 3.8% through 12 months. SSO events requiring procedural intervention (SSOPI) were 2.6% through 24 months. Four patients (0.9%) had confirmed hernia recurrence through the study (the mean follow-up was 32-months, range 14–53 months). Subgroup comparisons were conducted for all type recurrence; only diabetes was found to be statistically significant (p = .0506).

Conclusion

In this analysis, ventral hernia repair with hybrid, composite mesh results in successful outcomes in most patients. This study represents a heterogeneous patient population undergoing repair using various approaches, mesh fixation, and mesh placement locations. These data appear to confirm long-term acceptable safety and device performance with a low rate of recurrence in a predominantly VHWG2 population.
„Nature-based Solutions“ im integrativen Wasserbau
Authors: Hauer Christoph , Habersack Helmut
Published: December 2022

In der wasserbaulichen Praxis gibt es die grundlegende Unterscheidung zwischen „technischem“ und „naturnahem Wasserbau“. Diese Unterscheidung wird im vorliegenden Fachbeitrag nun um den Begriff „Naturbasierte Lösungen ‚/‘ Nature-based solutions (NbS)“erweitert. Neben einer Beschreibung und Abgrenzung der einzelnen fachlichen Begriffe wird unter Verwendung von Beispielen aus der Praxis die Notwendigkeit der standortspezifischen, von der Genese der Flusslandschaften abhängigen Prozesse zu einer nachhaltigen Verbesserung des gewässerökologischen Zustands hervorgehoben.
EmulART: Emulating radiative transfer—a pilot study on autoencoder-based dimensionality reduction for radiative transfer models
Authors: Rino-Silvestre João , González-Gaitán Santiago , Stalevski Marko , Smole Majda , Guilherme-Garcia Pedro , Carvalho Joao Paulo , Mourão Ana Maria
Published: December 2022

Dust is a major component of the interstellar medium. Through scattering, absorption and thermal re-emission, it can profoundly alter astrophysical observations. Models for dust composition and distribution are necessary to better understand and curb their impact on observations. A new approach for serial and computationally inexpensive production of such models is here presented. Traditionally these models are studied with the help of radiative transfer modelling, a critical tool to understand the impact of dust attenuation and reddening on the observed properties of galaxies and active galactic nuclei. Such simulations present, however, an approximately linear computational cost increase with the desired information resolution. Our new efficient model generator proposes a denoising variational autoencoder (or alternatively PCA), for spectral compression, combined with an approximate Bayesian method for spatial inference, to emulate high information radiative transfer models from low information models. For a simple spherical dust shell model with anisotropic illumination, our proposed approach successfully emulates the reference simulation starting from less than 1% of the information. Our emulations of the model at different viewing angles present median residuals below 15% across the spectral dimension and below 48% across spatial and spectral dimensions. EmulART infers estimates for $$\sim $$
∼
85% of information missing from the input, all within a total running time of around 20 minutes, estimated to be 6$$\times $$
×
faster than the present target high information resolution simulations, and up to 50$$\times $$
×
faster when applied to more complicated simulations.
Paul Julius Möbius (1853–1907) über Epilepsie
Authors: Steinberg Holger
Published: December 2022

Zunächst wird der Leipziger Neurologe, Psychiater und Wissenschaftspublizist Paul Julius Möbius biografisch vorgestellt. Er begann eine akademische Karriere als Mediziner an seiner Heimatuniversität, brach diese 1888 mit der Kündigung als Assistenzarzt an der Universitätspoliklinik und 1893 als habilitierter Privatdozent mit der Rückgabe seiner Venia Legendi aber ab. Er hatte sich persönlich vonseiten der Fakultät übergangen und mit seinen Leistungen nicht anerkannt gefühlt. Die ätiologische Einteilung der Nervenkrankheiten in endogene und exogene geht auf Möbius zurück. Erstmals legt er diese in seinem „Abriss der Lehre von den Nervenkrankheiten“ (1893) detaillierter vor. Die Epilepsie, deren dortiger Beschreibung gefolgt wird, teilt er den endogenen Erkrankungen zu, da sie in der Regel auf einer angeborenen Anlage beruhe. Möbius besteht darauf, die „Krankheit Epilepsie“ solle man nur diagnostizieren bei Krampfanfällen ohne sonstige bekannte Hirnerkrankung. Mithilfe einer Familienanamnese und in Abgrenzung v. a. zur Hysterie sei die Diagnose relativ einfach möglich. Gelegenheitsursachen wie Gemütsbewegungen und Überreizungen sieht er als Auslöser der Anfälle. Diese gelte es mit der Ruhigstellung der Kranken mithilfe von Bromkalium zu vermeiden. Die Epilepsie sei unheilbar. Sie beginne meist in Kindheit und Jugend, verschlimmere sich während der Pubertät, um folgend mit einer Anfallshäufigkeit zuzunehmen. Schweren Fällen stellt Möbius eine schlechte Prognose mit Übergang in „Schwachsinn“ und schließlich „Blödsinn“. Durch körperliche Schwächung wiesen Epileptiker eine geringere Lebenserwartung auf. Möbius war kein Epileptologe, er referiert wohl eher den Wissenstand seiner Zeit.
Robotgeassisteerde PSMA-radiogeleide chirurgie bij recidiverend prostaatkanker met de DROP-IN-gammaprobe
Authors: de Barros Hilda A. , van Oosterom Matthias N. , Donswijk Maarten L. , Hendrikx Jeroen J. M. A. , Vis André N. , Maurer Tobias , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. , van der Poel Henk G. , van Leeuwen Pim J.
Published: December 2022

Samenvatting

In dit prospectieve, in vivo haalbaarheidsonderzoek met 20 patiënten met recidiverend prostaatkanker is onderzocht of een geminiaturiseerde DROP-IN-gammaprobe mogelijkheden biedt voor robotgeassisteerde op PSMA gebaseerde radiogeleide chirurgie (RGC) (NCT03857113). Patiënten met ≤ 3 prostaatkankerrecidieven in het kleine bekken (lokaal of lymfeklier) op een PSMA PET-CT-scan na primaire behandeling werden geïncludeerd. Na intraveneuze toediening van een 99mTechnetium-gelabeld PSMA-ligand (99mTc-PSMA-I&S) vond met de DROP-IN-gammaprobe robotgeassisteerde PSMA-RGC plaats. Primair werd de haalbaarheid van robotgeassisteerde PSMA-RGC onderzocht. Met behulp van de DROP-IN-probe konden 19 van de 21 (90%) preoperatief geïdentificeerde laesies gereseceerd worden. Op laesieniveau bedroeg de ex-vivosensitiviteit van PSMA-RGC 86% en de specificiteit 100%. Bij één patiënt trad een Clavien-Dindo-graad V‑complicatie op. Wij concluderen dat de DROP-IN-gammaprobe robotgeassisteerde PSMA-RGC mogelijk maakt. Met deze procedure is de intraoperatieve detectie en resectie van zowel nodale als lokale prostaatkankerrecidieven mogelijk.
Two cases of severe vitamin D3 intoxication treated with therapeutic plasma exchange and high cut-off hemodialysis
Authors: Heister David J. , Bohnert Bernhard N. , Heyne Nils , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Artunc Ferruh
Published: December 2022

We report on a 53-year-old female patient and a 33-year-old male patient presenting with life-threatening hypercalcemic crisis caused by self-induced vitamin-D intoxication. Both patients took high doses of vitamin D3 supplements, cumulatively up to 2,500,000–10,000,000 I.U. over several months. Accordingly, serum 25-OH-vitamin D concentrations were increased to 663 and 1289 nmol/L (reference 50–175 nmol/L), respectively. As forced diuresis and bisphosphonates failed to correct recurrent hypercalcemia, we hypothesized that add-on extracorporeal treatments might help overcome the refractory situation. Considering the binding of vitamin D3 metabolites to vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP, 59 kDa), we started extracorporeal treatments involving total plasma exchange with replacement by human albumin and by fresh frozen plasma, online hemodiafiltration and high cut-off hemodialysis. We found that in the former case, total plasma exchange with albumin and fresh frozen plasma and high cut-off hemodialysis lowered both 25-OH-vitamin D3 and 1,25-OH-vitamin D3, whereas in the latter case total plasma exchange with albumin was found to more effectively remove vitamin D metabolites compared to high cut-off hemodialysis. In contrast, the amount of total plasma calcium removed by high cut-off hemodialysis was higher compared to total plasma exchange with albumin. During follow up, patients 1 and 2 achieved almost normal total plasma calcium and vitamin D concentrations after 355 and 109 days, respectively. These two cases suggest that extracorporeal treatments with high cut-off hemodialysis and total plasma exchange with albumin may be considered as add-on treatment in refractory cases of vitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia to lower plasma 25-OH-vitamin D3 concentrations.
The Effect of School Bullying on Pupils’ Perceived Stress and Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kirkham Elizabeth J. , Huggins C. F. , C Fawns-Ritchie
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Establishing how the Covid-19 pandemic and related lockdowns have affected adolescent mental health is a key societal priority. Though numerous studies have examined this topic, few have focused on the wellbeing of pupils who experience school bullying. This is particularly important as pupils who experience bullying represent a vulnerable group at increased risk of mental illness. Therefore, we sought to investigate the relationship between experience of bullying and adolescent wellbeing during lockdown and subsequent re-opening of schools. Methods: We used the TeenCovidLife dataset to examine the relationship between experience of bullying and pupils’ perceived stress and wellbeing across three timepoints. Pupils aged 12–17 (n = 255) completed surveys during the first Covid-19 lockdown (May-July 2020), when they returned to school after the first lockdown (August-October 2020), and during the summer term of 2021 (May-June 2021). Results: Perceived stress was higher in the group of pupils that experienced bullying than in the group that did not, though this difference between groups was smaller during lockdown than when pupils were attending school in person. Pupils who were bullied showed lower wellbeing across all timepoints. For the full sample of pupils, wellbeing was lowest (and perceived stress highest) at Time 3, one year after the first Covid-19 lockdown. Conclusion:The findings challenge previous assumptions that Covid-19 lockdowns were associated with a generalised decline in adolescent mental health. Instead, the picture is more nuanced, with perceived stress, though not wellbeing, varying according pupils’ experiences of school bullying.
Certain results associated with mixed integral equations and their comparison via numerical methods
Authors: Alhazmi Sharifah E.
Published: December 2022

In this article, we consider existence and unique of solutions of linear mixed integral equations of third, second and first kinds. Then, we use the collection method to discuss numerical solutions by employing Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials. To support our results, we use Mable 18 to compute errors in all existing cases.
Early Awake Prone Position Combined with High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy in Severe COVID-19: A Case Series
Authors: Chengfen Y. , Yongle Z. , Jianguo L. , Lei X.
Published: December 2022

Background

Awake prone positioning has been used for non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, but the results are contradictory. We aimed to highlight the role of awake prone positioning combined with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in severe COVID-19 patients infected with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

From June 12 to December 7, 2021, we successfully performed prone position(PP) combined with high-flow nasal oxygen(HFNO) therapy on two patients infected with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. HFNO was prescribed to reach SpO2 ≥ 92%. PP was proposed to patients with PaO2/FiO2(P/F) < 150 mmHg. Arterial blood gas (ABG) and hemodynamic were monitored before and after PP sessions. The target time of PP was more than 12 h per day and could be appropriately shortened according to the patient’s tolerance. Relevant clinical data, HFNO parameters, PICCO parameters, P/F ratio and PP duration were obtained from medical records.

Results

A total of 23 PP sessions and 6 PP sessions combined with HFNO were performed in case 1 and case 2, respectively. Compared with values before PP, GEDI, ELWI and Qs/Qt decreased significantly (GEDI: 869.50 ± 60.50 ml/m2 vs. 756.86 ± 88.25 ml/m2; ELWI: 13.64 ± 2.82 ml/kg vs. 12.43 ± 2.50 ml/kg; Qs/Qt: 15.32 ± 6.52% vs. 12.24 ± 5.39%; all p < 0.05), Meanwhile, the oxygenation improved significantly (P/F: 184.50 ± 51.92 mmHg vs. 234.21 ± 88.84 mmHg, p < 0.05), The chest CT revealed the lung infiltrates improved significantly after PP. Both cases were discharged to a dedicated COVID-19 ward without requiring intubation.

Conclusions

Combining PP with HFNO could be a useful treatment strategy for avoiding intubation in severe COVID-19 patients infected with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 to improve pulmonary vascular involvement, improve oxygenation and avoid intubation, but further studies are needed to validate our approach.
The Politics of Religious Party Change
Authors: Yildirim A. Kadir
Published: December 2022

The Politics of Religious Party Change examines the ideological change and secularization of religious political parties and asks: when and why do religious parties become less anti-system? In a comparative analysis, the book traces the striking similarities in the historical origins of Islamist and Catholic parties in the Middle East and Western Europe, chronicles their conflicts with existing religious authorities, and analyzes the subsequently divergent trajectories of Islamist and Catholic parties. In examining how religious institutional structures affect the actions of religious parties in electoral politics, the book finds that centralized and hierarchical religious authority structures - such as the Vatican - incentivize religious parties to move in more pro-system, secular, and democratic directions. By contrast, less centralized religious authority structures - such as in Sunni Islam - create more permissive environments for religious parties to be anti-system and more prone to freely-formed parties and hybrid party movements.
Death and the Body in Bronze Age Europe
Authors: Sørensen Marie Louise Stig , Rebay-Salisbury Katharina
Published: December 2022

This volume offers new insights into the radical shift in attitudes towards death and the dead body that occurred in temperate Bronze Age Europe. Exploring the introduction and eventual dominance of cremation, Marie-Louise Stig Sørenson and Katharina Rebay-Salisbury apply a case-study approach to investigate how this transformation unfolded within local communities located throughout central to northern Europe. They demonstrate the deep link between the living and the dead body, and propose that the introduction of cremation was a significant ontological challenge to traditional ideas about death. In tracing the responses to this challenge, the authors focus on three fields of action:  the treatment of the dead body, the construction of a burial place, and ongoing relationships with the dead body after burial. Interrogating cultural change at its most fundamental level, the authors elucidate the fundamental tension between openness towards the 'new' and the conservative pull of the familiar and traditional.
Legitimacy-Based Policing and the Promotion of Community Vitality
Authors: Tyler Tom , Nobo Caroline
Published: December 2022

This Element presents the history, research, and future potential for an alternative and effective model of policing called 'legitimacy-based policing'. This model is driven by social psychology theory and informed by research findings showing that legitimacy of the police shapes public acceptance of police decisions, willingness to cooperate with the police, and citizen engagement in communities. Police legitimacy is found to be strongly tied to the level of fairness exercised by police authority, i.e. to procedural justice. Taken together these two ideas create an alternative framework for policing that relies upon the policed community's willing acceptance of and cooperation with the law. Studies show that this framework is as effective in lowering crime as the traditional carceral paradigm, an approach that relies on the threat or use of force to motivate compliance. It is also more effective in motivating willing cooperation and in encouraging people to engage in their communities in ways that promote social, economic and political development. We demonstrate that adopting this model benefits police departments and police officers as well as promoting community vitality. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Eco-creative nature-based solutions to transform urban coastlines, local coastal communities and enhance biodiversity through the lens of scientific and Indigenous knowledge
Authors: Porri Francesca , McConnachie Boudina , van der Walt Kerry-Ann , Wynberg Rachel , Pattrick Paula
Published: December 2022

Increasing anthropogenic pressure on the sea and alteration of coastscapes challenge the functioning of marine ecosystems and long-term reliance on blue economies, especially for developing southern economies. The structural hardening of shores can result in ecological disruptions, with cascading effects on the wellbeing and livelihoods of marginalised groups who depend on marine resources. Mitigation, adaptation and rehabilitation options for coastal developments should include innovative, socially responsible solutions to be used to modify shorelines and ensure long-term functionality of metropolitan coastal ecosystems. Nature-based innovations are being developed to improve surrogacy for natural marine ecosystems. The co-creation of nature-based structures, entailing partnerships between scientists and a local rural community is currently being considered in South Africa and we present this regional case study as a transdisciplinary framework for research in nature-based, ecological engineering of coastal systems. Novel transdisciplinary approaches include ecomusicological interventions, where traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) create opportunities for transgressive pedagogy. This step aims to ensure that the knowledge gathered through nature-based scientific research remains a part of community developed Indigenous knowledge systems. The merging of innovative, eco-creative approaches and TCEs has the potential to sustainably and ethically improve the functioning and diversity of coastal urban habitats. This review tackles the potential of transdisciplinary settings to transform urban coastlines using “low-tech” engineering and Indigenous eco-creative innovations to pedagogy, to benefit the people and biological communities as well as reduce social and gender inequalities.
Team science criteria and processes for promotion and tenure of Health Science University Faculty
Authors: Meurer John R. , Fertig Jan , Garrison Orsolya , Shaker Reza
Published: December 2022

Although team science has expanded with far-reaching benefits, universities generally have not established criteria to recognize its value in faculty promotion and tenure. This paper recommends how institutions might weigh a faculty member’s engagement in team science in the promotion and tenure process. Seventeen team science promotion and tenure criteria are recommended based on four sources – an evaluation framework, effectiveness metrics, collaborative influences, and authorship criteria. Suggestions are made for adaptation of the 17 criteria to committee guidelines, faculty team science portfolios, and the roles of individuals and institutions participating in large, cross-disciplinary research projects. Future research recommendations are advanced.
Effective judicial protection: enforcement, judicial federalism and the politics of EU law
Authors: Gentile Giulia
Published: December 2022

The general principle of effective judicial protection grants the right to obtain a remedy in the fields covered by EU law and is an essential component of the EU enforcement toolkit. Recent jurisprudential developments have complexified the role of this principle, by transforming it into a vehicle for the enforcement of the rule of law in the EU. As a result, the principle of effective judicial protection appears as the factotum of the EU legal system: it acts as a fundamental right and is an expression of the EU rule of law; furthermore, it is a legal basis to influence national fundamental rights and to impose procedural obligations on the EU institutions. This overview Article offers a novel account of the evolution of this principle in the EU legal landscape. First, it reflects on the trajectory of this evolving principle in the EU case law and in the academic discourse. Second, it identifies conceptual issues surrounding the role of effective judicial protection in the EU legal order in the light of the latest jurisprudential developments.
Personal identity: How it moderates the relation between social identity and workplace performance
Authors: Ozyilmaz Adnan , Koc Sema
Published: December 2022

The present study benefits from social identity theory to argue that employees' organizational identity interacts with their trust propensity to predict affective organizational commitment and creativity. It used random coefficient regression procedures or multilevel modeling through the generalized linear mixed models command to test its hypothesis because the data that were collected in two of the studies were the nested or dependent data. Employing longitudinal data gathered from 153 participants and their 71 direct managers at a public organization in Study 1, the present study revealed that organizational identity had stronger positive influences on organizational commitment and creativity when participants' trust propensity was high. Employing longitudinal data collected from 210 employees of 32 business organizations and from 49 direct supervisors of the employees in Study 2, the present study reassured that trust propensity moderates the relationship between organizational identity and creativity. The present study contributes to the theory that employees' personal identity accentuates the positive relationship between their social identity and workplace outcomes such that the relationship becomes stronger as employees' personal identity increases.
With or without replacement? Sampling uncertainty in Shepp’s urn scheme
Authors: Glover Kristoffer
Published: December 2022

We introduce a variant of Shepp’s classical urn problem in which the optimal stopper does not know whether sampling from the urn is done with or without replacement. By considering the problem’s continuous-time analog, we provide bounds on the value function and, in the case of a balanced urn (with an equal number of each ball type), an explicit solution is found. Surprisingly, the optimal strategy for the balanced urn is the same as in the classical urn problem. However, the expected value upon stopping is lower due to the additional uncertainty present.
Shifting Positions: Party Positions and Political Manifestos in Costa Rica
Authors: Chavarría-Mora Elías , Angell Katie
Published: December 2022

This article analyzes how niche parties may utilize a strategy of policy shifting to garner additional voters. It leverages a unique opportunity in which a Costa Rican political party released two different versions of its party manifesto at different moments during a single election cycle. This rare opportunity uncovers how the party shifted from having a hard conservative stance on social issues, such as abortion, to moderating its stance and centering its focus on less contentious issues in a runoff election campaign. Understanding how a single political party may alter its strategy is important because it allows us to better gauge the effectiveness of shifting policy positions, especially for niche parties, for which a particular issue area is dominant. Moreover, this analysis opens additional avenues of research on political parties in the Latin American context, since research utilizing manifesto data in this context has been limited.
Remembering Welfare as We Knew It: Understanding Neoliberalism through Histories of Welfare
Authors: ZANONI AMY
Published: December 2022

The political transformation that culminated in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act fueled scholarly interest in welfare history. As politicians dismantled welfare, scholars discovered long histories of raced and gendered social control, intertwined public and private interests, and fixations on work and personal responsibility. They also recovered more promising possibilities of cash assistance. This article examines foundational welfare histories published between 1971 and 2018. I suggest that this somewhat isolated body of work has shed bright light on the history of neoliberalism from the perspective of people never fully included into social citizenship. It exposes how neoliberalism is and is not different from mid-century liberalism and recovers a long history of resistance. In an era when few talk about cash assistance, welfare historiography is vital for restoring fading memory of its redistributive potential.
States of Immigration: Making Immigration Policy from Above and Below, 1875–1924
Authors: JACOBSON ROBIN DALE , TICHENOR DANIEL
Published: December 2022

For nearly 150 years, the Supreme Court has denounced jurisdictional ambiguities in immigration policy, regularly striking down state laws as unconstitutional intrusions on the federal government’s “broad, undoubted power.” Most scholarship on the historical evolution of US immigration policy has followed suit, rendering invisible the role of state governments and federalism in immigration policy during the crucial, transformative decades of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era. This article redresses these silences by spotlighting the aggressive state policy activism and critical intergovernmental negotiations over how to control immigration and noncitizens from the 1870s to the 1920s. Focusing on two older, eastern seaboard states—Maryland and Virginia—and two newer, southwestern states—Arizona and New Mexico—these historical case studies show how subnational immigration initiatives were fueled by distinctive local and regional labor need and racial landscapes. This article also identifies and illuminates distinct forms of autonomous, interdependent, insistent, and validated activism by states in immigration federalism.
Labor Secretary Frances Perkins Reorganizes Her Department’s Immigration Enforcement Functions, 1933–1940: “Going against the Grain”
Authors: HERNANDEZ NEIL V.
Published: December 2022

Labor Secretary Frances Perkins championed liberal immigration policies between 1933 and 1940. Some efforts were successful, but most were not due to political, economic, and social constraints on immigration policy making, especially in Congress. Yet, she reorganized the enforcement functions of her department when she created the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Narratives abound about the period, though few delve into this reorganization. In this article, I share an analytical framework that I developed, “policy innovation through bureaucratic reorganization,” to explain how Perkins temporarily eased the debarments, as well as deportations, of newcomers by adjusting agency resources, including staffing, budget, and infrastructure. I describe how she responded to pressures from immigration restrictionists by tightening these functions. My narrative adds to the literature on immigration policy history, which has not fully appreciated the role of bureaucratic reorganization. This research bolsters the perspective in political control theory that bureaucratic structure merits as much attention as does legislation as a tool for control.
Flecainide administration in children: dosage, drug levels, and clinical effect
Authors: Thomas Shôn A. L. , Ferguson Richard , Wilson Dirk G.
Published: December 2022

Therapeutic drug monitoring of flecainide in children using plasma concentration measurements is undertaken by some clinicians. There is very little published evidence surrounding factors which influence plasma flecainide concentration, particularly in paediatric populations. We undertook a retrospective study of 45 children receiving flecainide to identify factors that influence its plasma concentration. Patients receiving a dose of 6 mg/kg/day had a higher mean plasma flecainide concentration than those receiving lower doses. Younger age and lighter weight were also associated with higher plasma flecainide concentrations. Children aged younger than 1 year receiving flecainide three times a day had a higher mean plasma flecainide concentration than older children who received flecainide twice a day. All supratherapeutic levels occurred in children aged less than 1 year who were receiving flecainide three times a day. Supratherapeutic levels were more common in those receiving 6 mg/kg/day while subtherapeutic levels were more common in those receiving 2 mg/kg/day. A supratherapeutic level did not correlate with adverse effects or clinical toxicity. Our results would suggest the need for a change of practice from prescribing flecainide at a frequency of three times a day in children aged younger than 1 year to twice a day in line with other ages.
SEN: A subword-based ensemble network for Chinese historical entity extraction
Authors: Yan Chengxi , Wang Ruojia , Fang Xiaoke
Published: December 2022

Understanding various historical entity information (e.g., persons, locations, and time) plays a very important role in reasoning about the developments of historical events. With the increasing concern about the fields of digital humanities and natural language processing, named entity recognition (NER) provides a feasible solution for automatically extracting these entities from historical texts, especially in Chinese historical research. However, previous approaches are domain-specific, ineffective with relatively low accuracy, and non-interpretable, which hinders the development of NER in Chinese history. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid deep learning model called “subword-based ensemble network” (SEN), by incorporating subword information and a novel attention fusion mechanism. The experiments on a massive self-built Chinese historical corpus CMAG show that SEN has achieved the best with 93.87% for F1-micro and 89.70% for F1-macro, compared with other advanced models. Further investigation reveals that SEN has a strong generalization ability of NER on Chinese historical texts, which is not only relatively insensitive to the categories with fewer annotation labels (e.g., OFI) but can also accurately capture diverse local and global semantic relations. Our research demonstrates the effectiveness of the integration of subword information and attention fusion, which provides an inspiring solution for the practical use of entity extraction in the Chinese historical domain.
Boundary Currents at the Northern Edge of the Chukchi Sea at 166°W
Authors: Li Min , Pickart Robert S. , Lin Peigen , Woodgate Rebecca A. , Wang Guiyuan , Xie Lingling
Published: December 2022

Data from two moorings deployed at 166°W on the northern Chukchi shelf and slope from summer 2002 to fall 2004, as part of the Western Arctic Shelf‐Basin Interactions program, are analyzed to investigate the characteristics and variability of the flow in this region. The depth‐mean velocity at the outer‐shelf mooring is northeastward and bottom‐intensified, while that at the upper‐slope mooring is northwestward and surface‐intensified. This, together with results from a high resolution ocean and sea ice reanalysis, indicates that the outer‐shelf mooring sampled the seaward edge of the Chukchi Shelfbreak Jet, while the upper‐slope mooring sampled the shoreward edge of the Chukchi Slope Current. The coupled variability in velocity at both sites is related to the wind stress curl over the Chukchi Sea shelf, likely via Ekman dynamics and geostrophic set up, analogous to the dynamics of both currents closer to Barrow Canyon near 157°W. Hydrographic signals are analyzed to elucidate the origin of the water masses present at this location. It is argued that the annual appearance of Pacific‐origin warm water at the outer‐shelf (upper‐slope) mooring in late‐fall and winter originates from Herald (Barrow) Canyon some months earlier. Our results constitute the first robust evidence that the westward‐flowing Chukchi Slope Current persists this far west of Barrow Canyon.
Geomorphological Map of the Soi Crater Region on Titan
Authors: Schoenfeld A. M. , Solomonidou A. , Malaska M. J. , Lopes R. M. C. , Birch S. P. D. , Le Mouélic S. , Florence M. , Verlander T. , Wall S. D. , Elachi C.
Published: December 2022

We mapped the Soi crater region at 1:800,000 scale and produced a geomorphological map using methodology presented by Malaska, Lopes, Williams, et al. (2016), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.021 and Schoenfeld et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114516. This region spans longitude 110° to 180°W and latitude 0° to 60°N and is representative of the transition between the equatorial, mid‐latitude, and high‐latitude northern regions of Titan. We used Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) as our primary mapping data set. For areas where SAR was not available, we used lower resolution data from the Imaging Science Subsystem, the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer, radiometry, and high‐altitude SAR for complete mapping coverage of the region. We identified 22 geomorphological units, 3 of which have been discussed in existing literature but have not yet been incorporated into our mapping investigations. These include sharp‐edged depressions (bse), ramparts (brh), and bright gradational plains (pgh). All six major terrain classes are represented in this region: Craters, Labyrinth, Hummocky/mountainous, Plains, Dunes, and Basin and Lakes. We find that plains dominate the surface of the Soi crater region, comprising ∼73% of the mapped area, followed by dunes (∼14%), mountains/hummocky terrains (∼12%), basin and lakes (∼0.7%), labyrinth terrains (∼0.5%), and crater terrains (∼0.4%). We also observe empty lakes as far south as 40°N. The Soi crater region largely has the same collection and proportion of geomorphological units to other mapped regions on Titan. These results further support the hypothesis that surface processes are, broadly speaking, the same across Titan's middle and equatorial latitudes, with the exception of Xanadu.
Salt Marsh Response to Inlet Switch‐Induced Increases in Tidal Inundation
Authors: Yellen Brian , Woodruff Jonathan D. , Baranes Hannah E. , Engelhart Simon E. , Geyer W. Rockwell , Randall Noa , Griswold Frances R.
Published: December 2022

There is widespread concern that rapidly rising sea levels may drown salt marshes by exceeding the rate at which these important ecosystems can build elevation. A significant fraction of marshes reside within backbarrier estuaries, yet little attention has been paid to how changes in inlet geometry influences estuarine tides and marshes. In 1898, a coastal storm eroded a new inlet through the barrier beach that fronts the North‐South Rivers Estuary in Massachusetts, USA. The new inlet shortened the North River by 5.6 km and lengthened the South River channel by the same amount. Modern measurements of tidal attenuation suggest that channel shortening abruptly increased mean high tide along the North River by at least 30 cm. Foraminifera communities within North River marsh sediments indicated an environmental change from infrequent to frequent inundation at the time of the 1898 switch in inlet location, which supports this hypothesis. Increased mineral sediment deposition after the inlet switch played a dominant role in allowing marshes along the North River channel to adjust to greater inundation. Following the inlet switch, sediment accreted in North River marshes at 2–5 times the rate of sea level rise (SLR). The North River channel widened by an average of 18% relative to pre‐1898 conditions to accommodate the increased tidal prism. The role of mineral sediment accretion in making this marsh resilient to an abrupt increase in inundation depth highlights the importance of maintaining adequate sediment supplies in coastal regions as SLR accelerates.
Drivers of Variation in Winter and Spring Groundwater Recharge: Impacts of Midwinter Melt Events and Subsequent Freezeback
Authors: Hyman‐Rabeler Katrina A. , Loheide Steven P.
Published: December 2022

In areas with seasonal snowfall, the spring snowmelt often accounts for a large percentage of annual groundwater recharge. As climates warm, midwinter snowmelts are becoming more common. Although midwinter melt events can cause discrete recharge events, they can also increase soil water content and leave the ground exposed to subsequent cold periods. Without the insulating effects of snow, frozen ground can develop, which can prevent infiltration during subsequent melt events, reducing recharge, and increasing overland flow. We investigated relationships between winter precipitation, the soil thermal regime, and recharge to determine the factors that contribute to variation in winter‐spring recharge. We found that statistically significant predictors of variation in winter‐spring recharge, controlling for precipitation, were amount and cover of snow, evapotranspiration/sublimation, air temperature, and number of freezeback events occurring between two melt events. We observed that midwinter snowmelt followed by freezeback and subsequent melt events correlated with lower than expected recharge. We quantify the occurrence of this sequence of events (snowmelt followed by freezeback and another melt) and demonstrate its effect in reducing recharge in a multiyear, multilocation statistical analysis. This finding indicates that frozen ground plays a role the partitioning of precipitation between recharge and runoff, but the effect is sensitive to the magnitude and temporal sequence of precipitation events and temperature fluctuations. Understanding the complex relationships between snow, midwinter melt and freezeback events, frozen ground, and recharge is critical for predicting how climate change will affect groundwater resources in the future.