bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Optimization of Operating Parameters of a Membrane‐Electrode Assembly
Authors: Loh K. S. , Mohamad A. B. , Harahap N. , Kadhum A. A. H. , Daud W. R. W.
Published: February 2011

Hot‐pressing conditions for fabricating a membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) were optimized. The key parameters were time, temperature, and pressure, varying from 1 to 5 min, 100 to 170 °C, and 21 to 93 kg cm–2, respectively. The MEAs were fabricated with 50 cm2 active electrode area and their performance was investigated using a fuel cell test station. The most suitable hot‐pressing time for MEA was 3 min, the optimized pressure and temperature for MEA fabrication were 21 kg·cm–2 and 130 °C with 1.6 A and 0.56 V. At 100 °C, the current and voltage of the produced MEAs were low due to the trapped liquid formed inside the electrode. However, at more than 150 °C, the obstructed/distorted polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) will block the pores inside the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and cause a loss of performance of the fuel cell. Physical properties of the GDL were observed using scanning electron microsopy (SEM). The GDL exhibited a uniform pore distribution after application of hot‐pressing.
Residence Time Distribution Studies in Microfluidic Mixing Structures
Authors: Bošković D. , Loebbecke S. , Gross G. A. , Koehler J. M.
Published: February 2011

The residence time distribution (RTD) characteristics of three microreactors containing different passive mixing structures, namely, a three dimensional serpentine structure, a split‐and‐recombine structure and a staggered herringbone structure, were investigated and compared. An experimental input‐response technique was applied which required deconvolution of the measured data by modeling of the RTD. The proposed technique provides useful information on optimized application and operation of microfluidic devices. The serpentine reactor and the split‐and‐recombine reactor show improvement in RTD behaviour, i.e., narrowing of RTD curves, at Re‐numbers > 30 due to effective transversal mixing and therefore reduced axial dispersion. In the case of the staggered herringbone structure, dead volumes could be observed which considerably affect the RTD.
Microbial Lipid Production by Co‐Fermentation with Mortierella alpina Obtained by Ion Beam Implantation
Authors: Peng W. , Lamei Z. , Zhiming Z. , Li W. , Hui W. , Chengling Y. , Guohong G.
Published: February 2011

Co‐fermentation of lignocellulose‐based carbohydrates is a potential approach to improve the economics of microbial lipid production. To obtain an industrial strain that metabolizes glucose and xylose with a higher microbial lipid production, the strain Mortierella alpina was mutated by low‐energy ion beam implantation. After nitrogen ion beam implantation, a mutant strain, M. alpina I502‐8 (MAI502‐8), was obtained. MAI502‐8 was an efficient producer of microbial lipid from glucose and xylose (5:3 wt/wt). Moreover, the co‐fermentation conditions were also optimized. Under optimal conditions, the maximum yield of biomass and microbial lipid reached 27.4 and 10.05 g L–1, respectively, which were 2.38‐fold and 1.84‐fold those in the initial media. Of the mixed sugar, 84.33 % was used up during co‐fermentation.
Formation of the Iron–Oxo Hydroxylating Species in the Catalytic Cycle of Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylases
Authors: Olsson Elaine , Martinez Aurora , Teigen Knut , Jensen Vidar R.
Published: February 2011

The first part of the catalytic cycle of the pterin‐dependent, dioxygen‐using nonheme‐iron aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, leading to the FeIVO hydroxylating intermediate, has been investigated by means of density functional theory. The starting structure in the present investigation is the water‐free FeO2 complex cluster model that represents the catalytically competent form of the enzymes. A model for this structure was obtained in a previous study of water‐ligand dissociation from the hexacoordinate model complex of the X‐ray crystal structure of the catalytic domain of phenylalanine hydroxylase in complex with the cofactor (6R)‐L‐erythro‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) (PAH‐FeII‐BH4). The OO bond rupture and two‐electron oxidation of the cofactor are found to take place via a Fe‐O‐O‐BH4 bridge structure that is formed in consecutive radical reactions involving a superoxide ion, O2−. The overall effective free‐energy barrier to formation of the FeIVO species is calculated to be 13.9 kcal mol−1, less than 2 kcal mol−1 lower than that derived from experiment. The rate‐limiting step is associated with a one‐electron transfer from the cofactor to dioxygen, whereas the spin inversion needed to arrive at the quintet state in which the OO bond cleavage is finalized, essentially proceeds without activation.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Phenols and Arylboronic Acids Through an In Situ Phenol Activation Mediated by PyBroP
Authors: Chen Guo‐Jun , Huang Jie , Gao Lian‐Xun , Han Fu‐She
Published: February 2011

A new method for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of phenols and arylboronic acids through in situ phenol activation mediated by PyBroP is presented. The reaction proceeds efficiently by using cost‐effective, markedly stable [NiCl2(dppp)] (dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) as the catalyst in only 5 mol % loading, as well as in the absence of extra ligands. The method exhibits broad applicability and high efficiency towards a wide range of both phenols and boronic acids, including activated, nonactivated, deactivated, and heteroaromatic coupling partners. In addition, various functional groups, such as ether, amino, cyano, ester, and ketone groups, are compatible with this transformation. Notably, arylboronic acids containing an unprotected NH2 group and 2‐heterocyclic boronic acids, which are generally problematic for coupling under conventional conditions, are also viable substrates, although moderate yields were obtained for sterically hindered substrates. Consequently, the in situ cross‐coupling methodology coupled with the use of an inexpensive and stable nickel catalyst provides a rapid and efficient pathway for the assembly of biaryls and heterobiaryls with structural diversity from readily available phenol compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Polymorph of Ba(AsO3OH): Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectra.
Authors: Dordevic Tamara , Karanovic Ljiljana
Published: February 2011

Colorless, needle‐like crystals of the new monoclinic Ba(AsO3OH) polymorph are hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Ba(OH)2, Zn powder, and As2O5 in H2O (autoclave, 220 °C, 36 h, about 30% yield) along with transparent, colorless, prismatic crystals of orthorhombic Ba(AsO3OH) (30% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Coupled Anion and Cation Ordering in Sr3LnFe4O10.5 (Ln: Y, Ho, Dy) Anion‐Deficient Perovskites.
Authors: Abakumov Artem M. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2011

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of SrO, Fe2O3, and Ln2O3 (Ln: Y, Ho, Dy; 1000 °C for 36 h, 1100 °C for 48 h) and characterized by powder XRD, HRTEM, 57Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and DFT band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐trans Germanium Chains in the Intermetallic Compounds ALi1‐xInxGe2 and A2(Li1‐xInx)2Ge3 (A: Sr, Ba, Eu) — Experimental and Theoretical Studies.
Authors: You Tae‐Soo , Bobev Svilen
Published: February 2011

The title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (650 °C, 7 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD and TB‐LMTO calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Distortion and Magnetism in Double Perovskites Ca2‐xLaxFeReO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8).
Authors: Lue Minfeng , Li Junjie , Zou Heng , Wu Zhijian , Meng Jian
Published: February 2011

The title compounds, prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of CaO, La2O3, Fe2O3, ReO3, and Re (1200 °C, 12 h), are characterized by powder XRD and magnetization measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Spectroscopy of Ca2LnTaO6 (Ln: Lanthanides, Y, and In) and Ca2InNbO6 Double Perovskites.
Authors: Dias Anderson , Lage Marcio M. , Khalam L. Abdul , Sebastian Mailadil T. , Moreira Roberto L.
Published: February 2011

The correct structure and phonon modes for the title compounds are determined by XRD, Raman scattering, and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Fe2P‐Type Tb6FeTe2, Tb6CoTe2, Tb6NiTe2 and Er6FeTe2 Compounds.
Authors: Morozkin A. V. , Mozharivskyj Yu. , Svitlyk V. , Nirmala R. , Nigam A. K.
Published: February 2011

In addition to the title compounds the new Fe2P‐type materials Ln6FeTe2 (Ln: Gd, Zr, Hf) and Ln6NiTe2 (Ln: Dy, Zr, Hf) are prepared by arc‐melting the elements followed by annealing (Ar, 1070 K, 200 h).
ChemInform Abstract: GaN Crystals Prepared Through Solid‐State Metathesis Reaction from NaGaO2 and BN under High Pressure and High Temperature.
Authors: Ma Huan , He Duanwei , Lei Li , Wang Shanmin , Chen Ying , Wang Haikuo
Published: February 2011

NaGaO2 is prepared by reaction of Ga2O3 and Na2CO3 (1100 °C, 12 h) and converted to GaN by reaction with BN (5 GPa, 1600 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Open‐Framework Iron Phosphate (NH4)4Fe3(OH)2F2 [H3(PO4)4]: Novel Linear Trimer of Corner‐Sharing Fe(III) Octahedra.
Authors: Mi Jin‐Xiao , Wang Cheng‐Xin , Chen Ning , Li Rong , Pan Yuanming
Published: February 2011

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of FeCl3, (NH4)H2PO4, and HF with a Fe:NH4:P:F molar ratio of 1.2:1:1:1.8 (autoclave, 110, 120, and 130 °C for 24, 24, and 72 h, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Li2Pb2CuB4O10 with Isolated [CuB4O10]6‐ Units.
Authors: Li Hongyi , Pan Shilie , Wu Hongping , Smit Jared P. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R.
Published: February 2011

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of Li2CO3, PbO, CuO, and H3BO3 in air (550—650 °C, 2—3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behavior of Novel Ln2PdIn8 (Ln: Pr, Nd, and Sm) compounds.
Authors: Kaczorowski D. , Belan B. , Sojka L. , Kalychak Ya.
Published: February 2011

The title compounds are prepared by arc‐melting of stoichiometric mixtures of the respective elements followed by annealing at 600 °C (30 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Dramatic Lithium Chloride Effect on the Reaction Stereocontrol in Zn‐Mediated Asymmetric Cinnamylation: Highly Practical Synthesis of β‐Aryl Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: Liu Min , Shen An , Sun Xing‐Wen , Deng Fei , Xu Ming‐Hua , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: February 2011

An extremely mild and practical route for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched β‐aryl substituted homoallylic amines bearing two adjacent stereogenic centers is developed using the Zn‐mediated highly stereoselective cinnamylation of N‐sulfinyl imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of N,N′‐Diiodo‐N,N′‐1,2‐ethandiylbis(p‐toluene sulfonamide) as a New Reagent for Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzimidazoles and 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Faraji Alireza , Ozturk Turan
Published: February 2011

A new catalyst is presented for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles or benzothiazoles from o‐phenylenediamine (I) or 2‐aminothiophenol (IV) and aldehydes under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: New Iridium Catalysts for the Efficient Alkylation of Anilines by Alcohols under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Michlik Stefan , Kempe Rhett
Published: February 2011

New iridium complexes containing annionic P,N ligands are prepared and shown to promote the selective monoalkylation of amines under mild conditions and with yields superior to those obtained with the original neutral P,N ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroatom‐Nucleophile‐Induced C—C Fragmentations: Synthesis of Allenes and Entry to Domino Reactions.
Authors: Saget Tanguy , Cramer Nicolai
Published: February 2011

Grob‐type fragmentation of 3‐keto vinyl triflates with a variety of O, N, and S‐nucleophiles offers a mild and operationally simple method for the preparation of a broad spectrum of ω‐heteroatom functionalized allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Tributylammonium Halochromates/Silica Gel: Simple Reagents for Oxidative Coupling of Thiols to Symmetrical Disulfides.
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Kazem , Ghammamy Shahriare , Zarrinabadi Soroush , Farjam Mohammad Hossein , Sabayan Behrang
Published: February 2011

Thiols can be oxidized to the corresponding disulfides using tributylammonium chlorochromate (or fluorochromate) on silica gel.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Coupling Reactions of Silyl Glyoxylates, Vinyl Grignard Reagent, and Nitroalkenes: An Efficient Highly Diastereoselective Approach to Nitrocyclopentanols.
Authors: Boyce Gregory R. , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: February 2011

The sequential vinylation/[1,2]‐Brook rearrangement/vinylogous Michael reaction provides (Z)‐silyl enol ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Rhodium(I) Complex‐Catalyzed Cotrimerization of Propargyl Esters and Arylacetylenes Leading to Substituted Dihydropentalenes.
Authors: Shibata Yu , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: February 2011

The use of the terminal alkynes in large excess is crucial.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Oxidation/Wittig Olefination/Diels—Alder Multicomponent Reactions of α‐Hydroxyketones.
Authors: Harris Geraint H. , Graham Andrew E.
Published: February 2011

Cyclohexenes (IV) are efficiently synthesized via a three‐step sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Couplings of Enones and Allenes.
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Nan , Montgomery John
Published: February 2011

The reaction provides an effective access to γ,δ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds possessing a 1,1‐disubstituted alkene structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Secondary Amines via N‐Alkylation of Primary Amines and Ammonia with Alcohols by Supported Hydroxide Catalysts.
Authors: He Jinling , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: February 2011

An efficient catalytic system with a reusable heterogeneous catalyst is presented for the title reaction under aerobic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Dialkylaluminum N,O‐Dimethylhydroxylamine Complex as a Reagent to Mask Reactive Carbonyl Groups in situ from Nucleophiles.
Authors: Barrios Francis J. , Zhang Xuechao , Colby David A.
Published: February 2011

The reaction is applied to Grignard reagents, organolithiums and borohydrides as nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Reduction of α‐Substituted Ketones Mediated by the Boronate Ester TarB‐NO2.
Authors: Eagon Scott , Ball‐Jones Nicholas , Haddenham Dustin , Saavedra Jaime , DeLieto Cassandra , Buckman Matthew , Singaram Bakthan
Published: February 2011

Functionalized ketones are investigated in the asymmetric reduction with NaBH4 in the presence of a chiral boronate ester.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkyl‐Aryl Ethers by Copper‐Catalyzed Etherization Reactions of Aryl Fluorides with Tetraalkylammonium Bromides and H2O.
Authors: Wang Feng , Tang Boxiao , Xie Yexiang , Li Jinheng
Published: February 2011

Activated aryl fluorides undergo copper‐catalyzed etherification with H2O/tetrabutylammonium bromide in the presence of POPh3 and Cs2CO3.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Synthesis of N,N‐Dimethylamides from Carboxylic Acids and a New Route from N,N‐Dimethylamides to 1,2‐Diaryl‐1,2‐diketones.
Authors: Kumagai Takashi , Anki Tomohiro , Ebi Takahiro , Konishi Akihito , Matsumoto Kouzou , Kurata Hiroyuki , Kubo Takashi , Katsumoto Kenta , Kitamura Chitoshi , Kawase Takeshi
Published: February 2011

A tandem chlorination—amide formation of aromatic carboxylic acids is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: (Z)‐Selective Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons‐Type Reaction Using a 10‐P‐5 Phosphorane Bearing Bidentates Derived from 1‐Naphthol.
Authors: Kojima Satoshi , Arimura Jun‐ya , Kajiyama Kazumasa
Published: February 2011

The novel phosphorane (I) can be used as an efficient reagent for the preparation of Z‐olefins, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear‐Selective Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Allyl Sulfones.
Authors: Tsui Gavin C. , Lautens Mark
Published: February 2011

The process proceeds with excellent regioselectivity to furnish linear products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride‐Promoted Cross‐Coupling of Chloro(mono‐, di‐, or triphenyl)germanes with Aryl Halides in “Moist” Toluene. Multiple Transfer of the Phenyl Group from Organogermane Substrates and Comparison of the Coupling Efficiencies of Chloro(phenyl)germanes with Their Corresponding Stannane and Silane Counterparts.
Authors: Pitteloud Jean‐Philippe , Zhang Zun‐Ting , Liang Yong , Cabrera Laura , Wnuk Stanislaw F.
Published: February 2011

In the presence of Bu4NF and water Ph‐GeCl3, Ph2GeCl2, and Ph3Ge‐Cl are found to undergo effective cross coupling with aryl bromides and chlorides to afford various biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of 2‐Furyl 4‐Fluorophenyl Ketone: An Extension of Heck Chemistry Towards Novel Integrase Inhibitors.
Authors: Franchi Luigi , Rinaldi Marta , Vignaroli Giulia , Innitzer Anna , Radi Marco , Botta Maurizio
Published: February 2011

A novel protocol for the direct and regioselective synthesis of 2,5‐disubstituted furans via Heck‐coupling reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: CAN‐Promoted, Diastereoselective Synthesis of Fused 2,3‐Dihydrofurans and Their Transformation into Tetrahydroindoles.
Authors: Maiti Swarupananda , Perumal Paramasivan T. , Menendez J. Carlos
Published: February 2011

Hexahydrobenzofurans of type (III) and (X) are prepared with dominant or exclusive formation of the trans‐diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed One‐Pot Selective Synthesis of Aminobenzofurans and N‐Alkyl‐2‐aryl‐2‐(arylimino)acetamides: Product Dependence on the Nature of the Aniline.
Authors: Mitra Sudipta , Hota Sandip K. , Chattopadhyay Partha
Published: February 2011

The title compounds are prepared in good yields in an efficient and mild three‐component one‐pot reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of (Z)‐3‐Aryl‐3‐haloenoic Acids to the Synthesis of (Z)‐5‐Benzylidene‐4‐arylpyrrol‐2(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Gupton John T. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2011

A six‐step sequence of reactions is applied to efficiently and stereoselectively prepare pyrrolones of type (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Annulation of N‐Benzyl‐N‐aroylmethyl‐2‐alkynamides with Arylboronic Acids: An Efficient Synthesis of Highly Substituted α‐Alkylidene‐β‐hydroxy‐γ‐lactams.
Authors: Wang Huan , Han Xiuling , Lu Xiyan
Published: February 2011

The method is also applicable to the synthesis of the corresponding cyclopentane derivative using modified conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes Catalyzed by (PhCH2PPh3)+Br3‐ under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Langroodi Mohaddeseh Safarpoor , Abedini Masoumeh
Published: February 2011

A convenient protocol is developed which proceeds via electrophilic substitution of indoles with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Ir—Pt Catalyst for the Multistep Preparation of Functionalized Indoles from the Reaction of Amino Alcohols and Alkynyl Alcohols.
Authors: Zanardi Alessandro , Mata Jose A. , Peris Eduardo
Published: February 2011

New dimetallic complexes containing the 1,2,4‐trimethyltriazolylidene dicarbene ligand (ditz) are prepared and shown to promote the cyclization—addition reaction of indoles such as (I) or (IV) with alkynyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Tandem Oxidative Olefination—Michael Reactions Between Aryl Carboxamides and Alkenes.
Authors: Wang Fen , Song Guoyong , Li Xingwei
Published: February 2011

Synthesis of γ‐lactams via the oxidative coupling of benzamides with electron‐poor olefins is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Nucleophilic Addition—Intramolecular Aza‐Michael Reaction: Facile Synthesis of Chiral Fluorinated Isoindolines.
Authors: Fustero Santos , Moscardo Javier , Sanchez‐Rosello Maria , Rodriguez Elsa , Barrio Pablo
Published: February 2011

Isoindolines with several degrees of fluorination are available.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Disubstituted Hexahydro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Stability.
Authors: Tydlitat Jiri , Bures Fililp , Kulhanek Jiri , Ruzicka Ales
Published: February 2011

A range of novel benzimidazolines bearing aromatic substituents is prepared enantioselectively via condensation reaction of enantiopure cyclohexanediamine (II) with imidates.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐4‐arylisoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Shin Dongwon , Lee Ihl Young Choi , Lim Hee‐Jong
Published: February 2011

by HgCl2‐mediated cyclization of thiocarbamoyl esters (III) with hydroxylamine
ChemInform Abstract: A Selective and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Phenylaminothiazolines.
Authors: Bernacki April L. , Zhu Lingyang , Hennings D. David
Published: February 2011

Thioureas which are substituted α to the amine of the amino alcohol are converted to thiazoline products when treated with CDI.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles Directly from Nitrile and Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride under Solvent‐Free Conditions Using Potassium Fluoride as Catalyst and Solid Support.
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Ghaieni Hamid Reza , Aryan Reza , Amani Ali‐Mohammad
Published: February 2011

A simple purification process and short reaction times are the advantages of the presented method.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Benign, One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrans by Domino Knoevenagel/6π‐Electrocyclization in Water and Application to Natural Products.
Authors: Jung Ene Jin , Park Byung Ho , Lee Yong Rok
Published: February 2011

A simple catalyst‐free cycloaddition is applied for the synthesis of a variety of pyrans, including natural products flindersine (Va), haplamines (Vb), (Vc) and ferprenin (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Dihydroquinoline‐Fused Canthines by Intramolecular Aza‐Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Hutait Samiran , Singh Virender , Batra Sanjay
Published: February 2011

The synthesis of dihydroquinoline‐fused canthine skeleton (VI) through intramolecular aza‐Diels—Alder reaction is followed by oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Tethered Intramolecular Arylation: An Unusual Synthesis of Linearly Fused Pyridocoumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Nath Sanjay , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Sinha Biswajit
Published: February 2011

The Heck cyclization of bromobenzylaminobenzopyranones (III) is accompanied by an unusual oxygenation of the benzylic methylene in some cases [→(IV)].
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Syntheses of Indoloquinolizidines by a Pictet—Spengler/Lactamization Cascade.
Authors: Fang Huihui , Wu Xiaoyu , Nie Linlin , Dai Xiaoyang , Chen Jie , Cao Weiguo , Zhao Gang
Published: February 2011

The reaction of tryptamines with aldehydes, generated in situ in the asymmetric conjugate addition of α,β‐unsaturated substrates with malonates, affords the tetracyclic products as single diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzo[f][2,7]naphthyridines (IX)
Authors: Rajeev P. V. , Rajendran S. P.
Published: February 2011

involving cyclization of imines (VIII) as the key step
ChemInform Abstract: Borax: An Ecofriendly and Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Nath Jayashree , Chaudhuri Mihir K.
Published: February 2011

Compared to the classical Biginelli reaction, the presented method has the advantages of excellent yields, short reaction time, and no use of organic solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Ring‐Closing/Carboxamidation Reactions of N‐Tosyl Aziridines and 2‐Iodothiophenols: A Facile and Efficient Approach to 1,4‐Benzothiazepin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Zeng Fanlong , Alper Howard
Published: February 2011

A variety of target compounds is prepared with high yields and complete diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Strategy Toward Aromatic 1,2‐Ambiphilic Synthons: Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Halogenation of PyDipSi‐Arenes.
Authors: Dudnik Alexander S. , Chernyak Natalia , Huang Chunhui , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: February 2011

A broad spectrum of substrates can be successfully treated with NXS.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed 1,1‐Bisphosphorus Compounds: Synthesis, Alkylation, and Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Olefination Reactions.
Authors: Ortial Stephanie , Thompson Dane A. , Montchamp Jean‐Luc
Published: February 2011

Straightforward methods to prepare the title compounds are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthetic Methodology for Ebselen and Related Se—N Heterocycles.
Authors: Balkrishna Shah Jaimin , Bhakuni Bhagat Singh , Chopra Deepak , Kumar Sangit
Published: February 2011

One‐pot Cu‐catalyzed reaction is applied to synthesize a series of organo Se—N heterocycles from readily available halo‐amides and selenium powder.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides and Selenides to Vinyl Tellurides.
Authors: Chernysheva Nataliya A. , Yas'ko Svetlana V. , Gusarova Nina K. , Tatarinova Anna A. , Klyba Ludmila V. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: February 2011

Secondary phosphine sulfide and selenide (II) are regiospecifically added to alkyl vinyl telluride (I) under radical initiation furnishing anti‐Markovnikov‐adducts (III) (4 examples) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Cyan Dyes from 6‐Diethylaminobenzo[b]furan‐2‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: Davis Matthew C. , Groshens Thomas J. , Parrish Damon A.
Published: February 2011

Nitriles (II) and (IV) are used as building blocks for the preparation of the title dyes (III), (V), (VII), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Catalytic Route to the Marine Sesquiterpenoids (‐)‐Clavukerin A (VIII) and (‐)‐Isoclavukerin A (X).
Authors: Knueppel Stephan , Rogachev Victor O. , Metz Peter
Published: February 2011

The optimized short approach allows the efficient preparation of the title compounds and may be suitable for the construction of more complex hydroazulene skeletons.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Radical Addition to Ketimines: A Synthetic Route Towards α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Kim Sang Yoon , Kim Sung Jun , Jang Doo Ok
Published: February 2011

The title reaction provides a general route for the synthesis of α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: AS1387392, a Novel Immunosuppressive Cyclic Tetrapeptide Compound with Inhibitory Activity Against Mammalian Histone Deacetylase
Authors: Sasamura Satoshi , Sakamoto Kazutoshi , Takagaki Shoji , Yamada Toshiko , Takase Shigehiro , Mori Hiroaki , Fujii Takashi , Hino Motohiro , Hashimoto Michizane
Published: February 2011

isolation, structure elucidation, physicochemical properties and biological activities of title compound (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynyl‐2‐deoxy‐D‐riboses, a Cornucopia for the Generation of Families of C‐Nucleosides.
Authors: Adamo Mauro F. A. , Pergoli Roberto , Moccia Maria
Published: February 2011

A practical synthesis of acetylated deoxyribose (IV) and is α‐anomer is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine‐Directed Glycosylation.
Authors: Bucher Christoph , Gilmour Ryan
Published: February 2011

Trichloroacetimidates of 2‐fluoro substituted furanoses are investigated as glycosyl donors.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Spirocyclization of Phenolic Sulfonamides: Scope and Applications.
Authors: Liang Huan , Ciufolini Marco A.
Published: February 2011

An overview of the para‐ [→ (II), (IV), (VI), (VIII), (X)] and ortho‐oxidative cyclizations [→ (XII), (XIV)] of phenolic sulfonamides is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum brachypodum.
Authors: Shen Yong , Zuo Ai‐Xue , Jiang Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Wang Hong‐Ling , Chen Ji‐Jun
Published: February 2011

N(19)‐en‐denudatine (I) and N(4)‐butanone‐flavaconitine (II) are isolated from the title herb which is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatism and pains.
ChemInform Abstract: Sinefungin VA and Dehydrosinefungin V, New Antitrypanosomal Antibiotics Produced by Streptomyces sp. K05‐0178.
Authors: Shiomi Kazuro , et al. et al.
Published: February 2011

isolation, physicochemical properties, structure and biological properties of the two new nucleotide antibiotics, sinefungin VA (I) and dehydrosinefungin V (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Click‐Based Synthesis and Proteomic Profiling of Lipstatin Analogues.
Authors: Ngai Mun H. , Yang Peng‐Yu , Liu Kai , Shen Yuan , Wenk Markus R. , Yao Shao Q. , Lear Martin J.
Published: February 2011

A small natural product‐based library of lipstatin analogues (X) is synthesized and evaluated for cellular activity and protein specificity.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Flux Solar‐Driven Thermochemical Dissociation of CO2 and H2O Using Nonstoichiometric Ceria.
Authors: Chueh William C. , Falter Christoph , Abbott Mandy , Scipio Danien , Furler Philipp , Haile Sossina M. , Steinfeld Aldo
Published: February 2011

A solar reactor consisting of a thermally insulated cavity receiver containing a porous monolithic ceria cylinder directly exposed to solar radiation is used to thermochemically dissociate CO2 and H2O at elevated temperatures yielding CO and H2, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Electrolytes: Applications in Heterogeneous Catalysis and Chemical Cogeneration
Authors: Garagounis I. , Kyriakou V. , Anagnostou C. , Bourganis V. , Papachristou I. , Stoukides M.
Published: February 2011

Review: 1 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the General Outline of Physical Properties of Amorphous‐Nanocrystalline Fe—Cr—Mn—N Alloy Powders Prepared by Mechanical Alloying under Nitrogen
Authors: Amini R. , Salahinejad E. , Bajestani E. Askari , Hadianfard M. J.
Published: February 2011

Review: 35 refs
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced X‐Ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy: in situ Catalytic Studies
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Lamberti Carlo , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: February 2011

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Surfaces of Heterogeneous Catalysts by in situ IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Lamberti Carlo , Zecchina Adriano , Groppo Elena , Bordiga Silvia
Published: February 2011

Review: 572 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monitoring Surface Metal Oxide Catalytic Active Sites with Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Wachs Israel E. , Roberts Charles A.
Published: February 2011

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Chemistry of Metal—Organic Frameworks at the Liquid—Solid Interface
Authors: Zacher Denise , Schmid Rochus , Woell Christof , Fischer Roland A.
Published: February 2011

Review: 203 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein in the Context of New Uses of Glycerol
Authors: Katryniok Benjamin , Paul Sebastien , Belliere‐Baca Virginie , Rey Patrick , Dumeignil Franck
Published: February 2011

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Activation of Catalysts and Catalytic Processes
Authors: Kustov L. M. , Sinev I. M.
Published: February 2011

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral BINOL‐Derived Phosphoric Acids: Privileged Broensted Acid Organocatalysts for C—C Bond Formation Reactions.
Authors: Zamfir Alexandru , Schenker Sebastian , Freund Matthias , Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: February 2011

Review: application in hydrocyanation, aldol‐type, Mannich, Friedel—Crafts, aza‐ene‐type, Diels—Alder, cascade, and multi‐component reactions; ca. 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Integrating Replication‐Based Selection Strategies in Dynamic Covalent Systems.
Authors: del Amo Vicente , Philp Douglas
Published: February 2011

Review: [35 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Azines and Benzazines Containing Oxygen or Sulfur Atoms
Authors: Nosova E. V. , Lipunova G. N. , Charushin V. N. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: February 2011

Review: synthetic approaches, chemical properties, structure and biological activity; 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Aromatic Carbon—Carbon ipso‐Substitution Reaction.
Authors: Bonesi Sergio M. , Fagnoni Maurizio
Published: February 2011

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benziodoxole‐Based Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for Atom‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Brand Jonathan P. , Gonzalez Davinia Fernandez , Nicolai Stefano , Waser Jerome
Published: February 2011

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysts for CO2/Epoxide Copolymerization
Authors: Kember Michael R. , Buchard Antoine , Williams Charlotte K.
Published: February 2011

Review: 165 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkenylation Reactions of Heteroarenes by Transition‐Metal Catalysts
Authors: Rossi Renzo , Bellina Fabio , Lessi Marco
Published: February 2011

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Stereochemical Determination and Total Synthesis of Myxobacterial Polyketides
Authors: Kretschmer Manuel , Menche Dirk
Published: February 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Clean Nitrations Using Dinitrogen Pentoxide (N2O5) — A UK Perspective
Authors: Millar R. W. , Colclough M. E. , Arber A. W. , Claridge R. P. , Endsor R. M. , Hamid J.
Published: February 2011

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Halogenonitroimidazoles
Authors: Aleksandrova E. V. , Kochergin P. M.
Published: February 2011

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From the Decks to the Bridges: Optoelectronics in [2.2]Paracyclophane Chemistry.
Authors: Elacqua Elizabeth , MacGillivray Leonard R.
Published: February 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Kinetics and Drug Stability
Authors: Attwood David , Poust Rolland I.
Published: February 2011

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Tools to Discover and Target Bacterial Glycoproteins
Authors: Dube Danielle H. , Champasa Kanokwan , Wang Bo
Published: February 2011

Review: 172 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (Thymoglobulin: 25 Years and New Frontiers in Solid Organ Transplantation and Haematology
Authors: Gaber A. Osama , Monaco Anthony P. , Russell James A. , Lebranchu Yvon , Mohty Mohamad
Published: February 2011

Review: 227 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Hierarchical Assembly Process to Engineer a Hydrophobic Core for Virus‐Like Particles.
Authors: Su Zhaohui , Wang Qian
Published: February 2011

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Recombinant Adenovirus Carrying MicroRNA‐Regulated Gene Expression System
Authors: Sakurai Fuminori , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki
Published: February 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of Gene Therapy Effect by Spaciotemporal Control of Expressed Proteins
Authors: Nishikawa Makiya , Takahashi Yuki , Takakura Yoshinobu
Published: February 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring Catalytic Solid/Liquid Interfaces by in situ Attenuated Total Refection Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Andanson Jean‐Michel , Baiker Alfons
Published: February 2011

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for in situ Studies in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Lysova Anna A. , Koptyug Igor V.
Published: February 2011

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Design and Testing of Kinetically‐Appropriate Operando Spectroscopic Cells for Investigating Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Meunier Frederic C.
Published: February 2011

Review: 53 refs.
Studies on the Origin of Dropwise Condensation of Steam on Ion Implanted Metallic Surfaces
Authors: Rausch Michael Heinrich , Leipertz Alfred , Fröba Andreas Paul , Fröba Andreas Paul , Jakobs Peter‐Jürgen , Durst Karsten , Göken Mathias
Published: February 2011

Die Ursache der Tropfenkondensation von Wasserdampf an ionenimplantierten Metalloberflächen wurde grundlegend untersucht. Auf Basis von Kondensationsexperimenten und Oberflächenanalysen konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass chemisch inhomogene und sich durch topografische Nanostrukturen auszeichnende Oberflächen mit der Einstellung von Tropfenkondensation im Zusammenhang stehen. Die Entstehung dieser die Kondensationsform beeinflussenden Oberflächencharakteristika ist auf partikelartige Ausscheidungen zurückzuführen, die an ionenimplantierten Oberflächen durch den Abbau der Übersättigung des Basismaterials mit den Dotierelementen gebildet werden. Ähnliche Oberflächeneigenschaften entwickeln sich auch an verschiedenen unbehandelten, hochlegierten Werkstoffen spontan durch Oxidations‐ und Abtragungseffekte während des Kondensationsprozesses, was ebenfalls zur Einstellung von Tropfenkondensation führt. Eine mögliche Erklärung für die beobachteten Kondensationsphänomene an entsprechenden Oberflächen liefert eine neu entwickelte Modellvorstellung zum stattfindenden Kondensationsmechanismus.
IceLuva: A scripting framework for MR image reconstruction based on free software
Authors: Santini Francesco , Patil Sunil , Scheffler Klaus
Published: February 2011

Image reconstruction is an essential part of the magnetic resonance imaging process, and a whole field of research is dedicated to the development of reconstruction algorithms. For this reason, scanner manufacturers provide researchers with programming frameworks that give full control over the whole procedure. The drawback is that these environments are complex, and the code is non‐portable and covered by non‐disclosure agreements. In this article, a simplified framework based on a free scripting language (Lua) is presented. It is oriented to the development of postprocessing algorithms that are seamlessly integrated with the pipeline of a commercial scanner. The structure privileges simplicity over performance, to be quickly learned and used by researchers and students who might not be acquainted with low‐level programming languages. Common postprocessing algorithms (contrast modulation, pixelwise fitting, phase‐contrast imaging) could be implemented with ∼100 logical lines of code or less, using a syntax that is similar to the Matlab programming language. The average performance of the reconstruction was lower with respect to the native implementation, but superior to offline postprocessing on a desktop computer, without the bottleneck of offline data export. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 1–10, 2011
A 20‐channel coil for improved magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerve
Authors: Minalga Emilee , Rose John , Choi Seong‐Eun , Jeong Eun‐Kee , Kholmovski Eugene , Vijayakumar Sathya , Parker Dennis , Hadley Rock
Published: February 2011

The purpose of this thesis is to design and construct a radio‐frequency coil for imaging the optic nerve on a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The goal of the work is to increase signal‐to‐noise ratio from the orbits to the optic chiasm, compared to the current coil designs used for imaging the optic nerve. The coil utilizes a mask fiberglass former, with the coils designed to obtain the most signal‐to‐noise ratio at the optic nerve. The design uses a 20‐channel radio‐frequency coil array, with coil placement along the optic nerve. The signal‐to‐noise ratio achieved was compared to the clinically available 12‐channel head coil. The improved signal‐to‐noise ratio allowed for higher resolution, diffusion tensor imaging, and parallel imaging superior to the current standard. Patient images showed that the plaques evidenced in the images correspond well to patient histories of bilateral and unilateral disease of the optic nerves. This optic nerve coil has shown improved patient care after increasing the diagnostic power of the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 26–36, 2011
Improving signal‐to‐noise ratio of hyperpolarized noble gas MR imaging at 73.5 mT using multiturn Litz wire radiofrequency receive coils
Authors: Carias Marc F. , Dominguez‐Viqueira William , Santyr Giles E.
Published: February 2011

Hyperpolarized noble gases (3He, 129Xe) are used in Magnetic Resonance imaging as inhaled contrast agents to visualize the lung. Because the magnetization derived from hyperpolarization is independent of magnetic field strength, low magnetic fields can be used, where coil noise dominates over sample noise. It has been shown previously that signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of hyperpolarized 129Xe rat lung images can be improved with the use of saddle‐shaped radiofrequency receive coils constructed of Litz wire in a single layer with up to 20 turns. Increased number of turns is expected to provide additional sensitivity. In this work, coils of the same geometry were built using Litz wire with either the addition of more turns (up to 48) or the addition of two layers and compared using water phantoms. It is shown that the addition of 48 turns in a single layer provided a 42% increase in SNR, when compared to the 20 turns, whereas the dual‐layered approach provided no measurable benefit. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B:37–42, 2011
Characterization and reduction of X‐gradient induced eddy currents in a NdFeB magnetic resonance imaging magnet‐3D finite element method‐based numerical studies
Authors: Li Xia , Xia Ling , Liu Feng , Crozier Stuart , Xie Dexin
Published: February 2011

In permanent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, pulsed gradient fields induce strong eddy currents in the conducting structures of the magnet. The gradient field for image encoding is perturbed by these eddy currents, thus leading to MR image distortions. The conventional approach for the reduction of the eddy current effects is to employ passive shielding (an eddy current board). However, the analysis of the passive shielding structure is typically nonoptimal. In this article, a comprehensive 3D finite element method (FEM) model for the characterization of eddy currents in the ferromagnetic materials of the magnet is developed, which is helpful for the evaluation of the shielding effects and the improvement of passive shielding designs. During the numerical analyses, the eddy current source was introduced through X‐gradient coils, nonlinearity, and the anisotropy of the laminated silicon steel structure was considered, with the selection of a penalty factor in the FEM governing equations being also detailed. Based on the simulations results, suggestions have been made for passive shielding designs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B:47–58, 2011
Prognostic significance of angiogenesis and angiogenic growth factors in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Salgia Ravi
Published: February 2011

Currently, nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related death in the United States. Angiogenesis, the formation of new vasculature, is a complex and tightly regulated process that promotes metastasis and disease progression in lung cancer and other malignancies. Developmental antiangiogenic agents have shown activity in NSCLC, and bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody, is approved for the treatment of patients with advanced disease. However, predictive biomarkers are needed to guide the administration of antiangiogenic agents. It is possible that angiogenic molecules could accurately predict patient response to targeted antiangiogenic therapies, which would allow individualized and perhaps more effective treatment. Angiogenic signaling molecules may also have value as prognostic indicators, which may be useful for the management of NSCLC. Here the author provides an overview of angiogenic molecules currently being investigated as prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC and discusses their potential to guide treatment choices. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Is the N1c category of the new american joint committee on cancer staging system applicable to patients with rectal cancer who receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy?
Authors: Song Joon Seon , Chang Hee Jin , Kim Dae Yong , Kim Sun Young , Baek Ji Yeon , Park Ji Won , Park Sung Chan , Choi Hyo Seong , Oh Jae Hwan
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND:

Pericolorectal tumor deposits (TDs) are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer, and the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system recently classified TDs without regional lymph node metastasis as category N1c. However, the definition of TDs has varied. Moreover, with the recent, widespread application of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in rectal cancers, residual primary tumor confined to the mesorectum is not infrequent, and it is unclear whether the N1c category is appropriate for these tumors.

METHODS:

To evaluate the prognostic significance of the N1c classification in patients with rectal cancers after preoperative CRT, the authors reviewed the histologic features of 136 rectal cancers that were classified previously with a tumor classification of 3 [T3], negative lymph nodes [N0], and no metastasis [M0] based on the pathologic extent of disease (ypT3N0M0). These tumors were reclassified according to the new AJCC staging system, and patient outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Perirectal TDs were detected in 16 of 136 patients (11.8%). Patterns of TD included a separate nodule pattern in 6 patients (38%), a perivascular pattern in 4 patients (25%), a perineural pattern in 4 patients (25%), and a lymphatic pattern in 2 patients (12%). By using the new N1c category, 120 patients (88.2%) were classified with yp‐stage IIA disease, 6 patients (4.4%) were classified with yp‐stage IIIA disease, and 10 patients (7.4%) were classified with yp‐stage IIIB disease. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the TD‐positive and TD‐negative groups in disease‐free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) (P = .48 for both; log‐rank test). In addition, the reclassified TMN stage was not related to DFS (P = .17) or OS (P = .072).

CONCLUSIONS:

The category N1c may not be appropriate for patients with rectal cancer after preoperative CRT, because the definition of ypN1c was confusing and did not have prognostic significance. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Circulating endothelial progenitors and CXCR4‐positive circulating endothelial cells are predictive markers for bevacizumab
Authors: Matsusaka Satoshi , Mishima Yuji , Suenaga Mitsukuni , Terui Yasuhito , Kuniyoshi Ryoko , Mizunuma Nobuyuki , Hatake Kiyohiko
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND:

Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy is a standard option in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of circulating endothelial cell progenitors (CEPs) and phenotypical circulating endothelial cells (CECs) as surrogate markers of clinical outcome in mCRC patients to identify responders to bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy.

METHODS:

A total of 69 patients with measurable mCRC were enrolled in this prospective study. Whole blood samples were analyzed before initiation of treatment and on days 4 and 14. Phenotypical CECs and CEPs were then isolated and enumerated by using flow cytometry.

RESULTS:

CEP levels of less than 0.04% on day 4 were significantly associated with longer progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (P < .001, P = .002, respectively) as compared with levels of 0.04% or more. In addition, CXCR4‐positive CEC levels of less than 20% at baseline were significantly associated with longer PFS and OS as compared other indicators investigated (P < .001, P = .002, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

Levels of CEPs on day 4 and proportion of CXCR4‐positive CECs at baseline were correlated with the prognosis of bevacizumab combination chemotherapy, suggesting that these surrogate markers may play a core role in the selection of candidates for bevacizumab treatment. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.