bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Darolutamide in Mouse - Assessment of the Disposition of the Diastereomers, Key Active Metabolite and Interconversion Phenomenon: Implications to Cancer Patients
Authors: Saini Neeraj K. , Gabani Bhavesh B. , Todmal Umesh , Sulochana Suresh P. , Kiran Vinay , Zainuddin Mohd. , Balaji Narayanan , Polina Sai B. , Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: May 2020

Background:

Darolutamide is recently approved for the treatment of non-metastatic castrate
resistance prostate cancer. Hitherto, no stereoselective pharmacokinetic data have been published pertaining
to darolutamide and its diastereomers in animals or humans. The key aims of the experiment
were to examine darolutamide, S,S-darolutamide and S,R-darolutamide with respect to (a) assessment
of in vitro metabolic stability and protein binding and (b) characterization of in vivo oral and intravenous
pharmacokinetics in mice.

Method:

In vitro (liver microsomes stability and protein binding) and in vivo experiments
(oral/intravenous dosing to mice) were carried out using darolutamide, S,S-darolutamide and S,Rdarolutamide.
Besides, tissue levels of darolutamide, S,S-darolutamide and S,R-darolutamide were
measured following oral and intravenous dosing. Appropriate plasma/tissue samples served to determine
the pharmacokinetics of various analytes in mice. Liquid chromatography in tandem with mass
spectrometry procedures enabled the delineation of the plasma pharmacokinetics, in vitro and tissue uptake
data of the various analytes.

Results:

Chiral inversion was absent in the metabolic stability study. However, darolutamide showed
profound stereoselectivity (S,S-darolutamide greater than S,R-darolutamide) after either intravenous or
oral dosing. S,R-darolutamide but not S,S-darolutamide showed conversion to its antipode post oral
and intravenous dosing to mice. Regardless of oral or intravenous dosing, active keto darolutamide
formation was evident after administration of darolutamide, S,S-darolutamide or S,R- darolutamide.
Tissue data supported the observations in plasma; however, tissue exposure of darolutamide, S,Sdarolutamide
and S,R-darolutamide was much lower as compared to plasma.

Conclusion:

In lieu of the human pharmacokinetic data, although the administration of diastereomeric
darolutamide was justified, it is proposed to delineate the clinical pharmacokinetics of S,Rdarolutamide
and S,S-darolutamide relative to darolutamide in future clinical pharmacology studies.
Degradation of Bacterial Water Quality in Drinking Water after Bottling
Authors: Shahryari Ali , Smith Charlotte D. , Amini Abolfazl
Published: May 2020

Background:

The consumption of bottled water globally, including Iran, has increased tremendously in recent years. This study was designed to assess the bacteriological quality of bottled water and its compliance with the drinking water regulations. In addition, we evaluated bottled waters for the presence of a variety of genera of bacteria and the effect of storage duration on the extent of bacterial contamination.

Methods:

Four hundred samples of bottled water belonging to ten different Iranian brands with various production dates were purchased from supermarkets in Gorgan, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. Bacterial quality of bottled water was assessed using heterotrophic plate count (HPC) followed by usual biochemical tests for identification of bacterial genera, and by the API system.

Results:

The average HPC of bottled water was 9974 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). Twelve genera were isolated, among which Bacillus spp. and Escherichia coli were the most and least abundant, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was a positive association between water quality and storage duration so that the highest microbial load occurred within the first to third months after bottling. Furthermore, the highest rate of contamination was observed in May when ambient air temperatures commonly reached 40 °C.

Conclusion:

The bacterial quality of bottled water was not according to the standard of drinking water quality. This study demonstrated the variation in bacterial levels after bottling, which indicates the presence of waterborne heterotrophic bacteria, some of which can pose severe health risks to consumers.
Traffic Risk Perception, Risky Road Use Behaviors among Vietnamese People
Authors: V. Luot Nguyen , Linh Dao T.D. , Phong Nguyen D. , V. Long Nguyen , Duc Bui M. , V. Hue Pham
Published: May 2020

Background:

The total number of (road) traffic accidents in Vietnam remains high and the death toll caused by these accidents also ranks second in Southeast Asia. Many studies elsewhere have shown a positive correlation between the traffic risk perception and the traffic risky behavior (henceforth, referred to as TRP and TRB, respectively, for short) However, this relationship has been relatively under-researched in the context of Vietnam. This study aimed to fulfill the above research gap by investigating the present status of TRP and TRB among Vietnamese people who used motorbikes and/or electric motorbikes for their daily travel as well as the association between these two variables.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 373 people using motorbikes and electric motorbikes (102 males, 271 females; M age = 25.8) by means of an online questionnaire survey. This questionnaire survey was constructed based on the Risk Perception Scale on traffic risk developed by Ram et al. (2016) as well as an additional question that was to explore the risk behaviors of research participants during their traffic involvement for the last thirty days.

Results:

TRP indices were found to be higher for women than for men. Young males with extroverted characteristics had higher TRB than old females with introverted characteristics. However, no relationship existed between these two factors in the present study.

Conclusion:

As the finding of this study turned out to be inconsistent with those of previous research, more empirical studies are still welcome in this area.
Comparison of Endothelial Cell Density, Morphological Changes and Central Corneal Thickness after Phacoemulsification between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients
Authors: Budiman Budiman
Published: May 2020

Background:

Corneal endothelial tissues are susceptible to mechanical trauma from ultrasound energy during phacoemulsification. Several studies have reported various results of phacoemulsification effect on corneal endothelial cells between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Purpose:

To compare endothelial density, hexagonality, Coefficient of Variance (CV) and Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) changes between diabetic and non-diabetic patients at four weeks after phacoemulsification.

Methods:

Specular microscopy examinations prior to phacoemulsification and at four-weeks after phacoemulsification were performed on diabetic and non-diabetic groups with cataract. Later, patients in the diabetic group were divided based on their HbA1c level. The changes in endothelial density, the percentage of hexagonality, CV and CCT were evaluated.

Results:

At a four-weeks follow up, there were no statistical differences in endothelial cells density, CV and CCT changes between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Mean (SD) of hexagonality percentage at four weeks of follow-up was lower (p-value=0.001) in diabetic group [(14.6) 41.7%] compared to non-diabetic group [(14.5) 50.1%]. There were no differences in endothelial cells density, hexagonality, CV and CCT values between the diabetic group with HbA1c level <7.5% and HbA1c level ≥7.5% at 4-weeks after phacoemulsification.

Conclusion:

There were no statistically significant differences in the endothelial loss, reduction of CV and CCT changes between the diabetic and non-diabetic group at four-weeks follow up after phacoemulsification. Diabetic group showed greater hexagonality decrease compared to non-diabetic group at four weeks after phacoemulsification. Different HbA1c levels did not affect the changes in endothelial density, the percentage of hexagonality, CV and CCT after phacoemulsification.
DoE Based Optimization and Development of Spray-Dried Chitosan-Coated Alginate Microparticles Loaded with Cisplatin for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kaur Harpal , Mishra Neeraj , Khurana Bharat , Kaur Sukhbir , Arora Daisy
Published: May 2020

Background:

The existing parenteral treatment of cervical cancer has high toxicity and
poor distribution of drugs at the targeted site.

Purpose:

To formulate localized mucoadhesive cisplatin loaded microparticles based formulation
to treat cervical cancer so that enhanced therapeutics benefits with low toxicity could be achieved.

Methods:

Cisplatin loaded chitosan coated spray-dried microparticles were prepared by ionotropic
gelation technique and optimized by Central Composite Design. The spray-dried uncoated and chitosan-
coated microparticles were characterized for various parameters (Particle size, Morphology,
Drug entrapment efficiency). In vitro drug release study was carried out in simulated vaginal fluids
by dialysis membrane method. Ex vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic potential
of the developed formulation by the MTT assay. A drug permeability study was performed by
Franz diffusion cell using the vaginal tissue of Swiss Albino Mice.

Results:

All in vitro characterization parameters were found to be optimum. The in vitro release
studies indicated a controlled release following the Higuchi model. The chitosan-coated microparticles
were found to be more cytotoxic than uncoated microparticles and plain cisplatin solution. The
chitosan-coated microparticles were found to be more permeable than uncoated microparticles. Finally,
in vivo tumor regression and histopathological studies confirmed the significant decrease in
tumor volume at different time intervals.

Conclusion:

Thus, it can be concluded that mucoadhesive spray-dried microparticles could provide
a favorable approach for localized delivery of the anticancer drug via vaginal route against cervical
cancer with its enhanced effectiveness.
COVID-19: Unknowns in Pregnancy- What a Health Care Provider Should Know
Authors: Vakilian Katayon
Published: May 2020

At the end of the year 2019, a new virus emerged in Wuhan, China, known as Covid 19 spread rapidly, causing an epidemic in China and then a 2020 pandemic all over the world. This review discusses COVID-19 in pregnant women and carries information that a Health Care Provider must have.
Association Between Community Social Capital and Suicide Mortality in Rural Areas of Japan: An Evaluation of Temporal Changes
Authors: Kozaka Naomi , Kuroda Yoshiki
Published: May 2020

Background:

Although previous studies have reported that suicide mortality was associated with social capital, the relation between social capital and suicide mortality has remained controversial. Thus, we evaluated the relation between social capital and suicide mortality in rural areas of Japan, and examined the association between temporal changes in social capital and suicide mortality over the last ten years.

Methods:

We examined the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) for suicide for 26 municipalities of Miyazaki Prefecture and used the data to calculate the average suicide SMRs for two five-year periods: an earlier period, 2004–2008; and a later period, 2012–2016. Social capital (social cohesion and social participation of older people) was measured using information from questionnaire surveys. A multiple linear regression analysis of suicide SMR was conducted for each social capital variable, adjusting for potential confounding factors (population density, the proportion of older people, annual divorce rate, unemployment rate, and proportion of workers engaged in primary industries).

Results:

We demonstrated that male suicide SMR for the earlier period was significantly and positively associated with social cohesion after the adjustment of confounding factors. Temporal changes in male suicide SMRs were significantly and negatively associated with temporal changes in the social participation of older people in the adjusted model. No association was found for female suicide SMRs in either period.

Conclusion:

The present findings suggest that the social participation of older people might reduce suicide among males.
Deposition Time-dependent Study of Structural and Optical Properties of PbS Thin Films Grown by CBD Method
Authors: Chaudhary Minakshi , Hase Yogesh , Punde Ashwini , Shinde Pratibha , Waghmare Ashish , Vairale Priti , Doiphode Vidya , Patil Nilesh , Pandharkar Subhash , Prasad Mohit , Jadkar Sandesh
Published: May 2020

Background:

Thin films of PbS were prepared onto glass substrates by using a
simple and cost-effective CBD method.

Methods:

The influence of deposition time on structural, morphology and optical properties
have been investigated systematically. The XRD analysis revealed that PbS films are polycrystalline
with preferred orientation in (200) direction. Enhancement in crystallinity and
PbS crystallite size has been observed with an increase in deposition time. The formation of
single-phase PbS thin films has been further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The surface
morphology analysis revealed the formation of prismatic and pebble-like PbS particles and
with an increase in deposition time, these PbS particles are separated from each other without
secondary growth. The data obtained from the EDX spectra show the formation of high-quality
but slightly sulfur-rich PbS thin films over the entire range of deposition time studied.

Results and Conclusion:

All films show an increase in absorption with an increase in deposition
time and strong absorption in the visible and sub-bandgap regime of the NIR range of
the spectrum with red-shift in band edge. The optical band gap shows a decreasing trend, as
deposition time increases but it is higher than the bandgap of bulk PbS.
Amorphous-to-Nanocrystalline Transition in Silicon Thin Films by Hydrogen Diluted Silane Using PE-CVD Method
Authors: Jadhavar Ashok , Doiphode Vidya , Bhorde Ajinkya , Hase Yogesh , Shinde Pratibha , Punde Ashvini , Vairale Priti , Nair Shruthi , Pandharkar Subhash , Waghmare Ashish , Patil Nilesh , Patil Dinkar , Prasad Mohit , Jadkar Sandesh
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Herein, we report the effect of variation of hydrogen flow rate on the
properties of Si:H films synthesized using PE-CVD method. Raman spectroscopy analysis
show an increase in crystalline volume fraction and crystallite size implying that hydrogen
flow in PE-CVD promotes the growth of crystallinity in nc-Si:H films with an expense of a
reduction in deposition rate.

Methods:

FTIR spectroscopy analysis indicates that hydrogen content in the film increases
with an increase in hydrogen flow rate and hydrogen is predominantly incorporated in Si-H2
and (Si-H2)n bonding configuration. The optical band gap determined using E04 method and
Tauc method (ETauc) show an increasing trend with an increase in hydrogen flow rate and E04
is found higher than ETauc over the entire range of hydrogen flow rate studied.

Results and Conclusion:

We found that the defect density and Urbach energy increases with
an increase in hydrogen flow rate. Photosensitivity (σPhoto /σDark) decreases from ~103 to ~1
when hydrogen flow rate is increased from 30 sccm to 100 sccm and can be attributed to
amorphous-to-nanocrystallization transition in Si:H films. The results obtained from the present
study demonstrated that hydrogen flow rate is an important deposition parameter in PECVD
to synthesize nc-Si:H films.
Reducing time to navigation solution in warm start mode
Authors: Semenov S. A. , Fridman A. E.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of reducing the time between switching on the navigation receiver and getting a navigation solution in the case when the available accuracy of the initial synchronization of the receiver’s time scale is insufficient for the implementation of a hot start scenario. An algorithm is proposed and mathematically justified that allows achieving the average waiting time for the first solution, typical for a hot start, when the conditions for a warm start are met. The novelty of the presented approach consists in the introduction of an additional time variable into the estimated state vector of the system, which allows solving the navigation problem even if it is impossible to calculate the pseudo-dalities of navigation satellites using classical methods. The use of the proposed algorithm opens up wide prospects for simplifying and reducing the cost of navigation systems, which is especially important in a number of special applications. The results of testing the described method on real measurements and in mass-produced products are presented.
Combining of objects images under conditions of inaccurate description of their images
Authors: Bludov A. A.
Published: May 2020

An attribute of modern robotic systems and control systems for unmanned vehicles is a machine vision, which is based on processing of images obtained from highly informative radar or optoelectronic sensors. Effective image processing and recognition procedures are based on use of morphological features of objects images with high space‑time stability. This paper considers one of the aspects of images morphological analysis related to the influence of errors in the reference contour descriptions of objects. With use of developed analytical apparatus it is shown that the result of such errors is a decreasing of object/background contrast and, as a result, increasing of image comparison errors. The degree of this increase depends on the object type (area, linear) and its characteristics (size, contrast). Practical recommendations on the acceptable level of errors in the representation of object descriptions are justified.
Терагерцевый отклик от биоткани как основа диагностики и лечения в персонифицированной медицине
Authors: Баграев Н.Т. , Клячкин Л.Е. , Маляренко А.М. , Таранец К.Б.
Published: May 2020

A spectrometer based on silicon nanosandwiches (SNS) is proposed for solving problems of personalized medicine. Silicon nanosandwich (SNS) structures combine the properties of a terahertz (THz) emitter and a recorder of THz response from biological tissue. It has been demonstrated that recording the current-voltage characteristics (CVC) of the SNS structure allows us to analyze the spectral composition of the THz response from biological tissue and thus determine the relative contribution of various proteins and amino acids that make up the DNA oligonucleotides and their compounds. At the same time, the obvious advantages of the proposed technique are visible, since the THz response can be detected directly from living biological tissue, which can form the basis for the rapid analysis of DNA oligonucleotides. Further study of the behavior of the spectral peaks of the SNS C – V characteristics is of great interest for methods of personalized diagnosis and treatment, as demonstrated by the example of testing various control groups of subjects.
Модель генерации флуоресцентного сигнала интеркаляционного красителя в ходе полимеразной цепной реакции
Authors: Федоров А.А. , Сочивко Д.Г. , Варламов Д.А.
Published: May 2020

Currently, a number of models of polymerase chain reaction have been proposed, claiming to be accurate quantitative estimates of the reaction results. However, all these models assume identity the kinetics of the reaction product and the used fluorescent reporter. In the present work a polymerase chain reaction model is proposed, product reaction kinetics of which are generated by intercalation dye. An analysis of the simulation results demonstrates noticeable differences between the kinetics of the reaction product and the fluorescent signal of the coupled intercalation dye.
Циркулярно поляризованная электролюминесценция спиновых светодиодов c ферромагнитным инжектором (In,Fe)Sb
Authors: Ведь М.В. , Дорохин М.В. , Лесников В.П. , Кудрин А.В. , Дёмина П.Б. , Здоровейщев А.В. , Павлов Д.А. , Усов Ю.В. , Милин В.Е. , Данилов Ю.А.
Published: May 2020

The possibility of using a diluted magnetic semiconductor (In,Fe)Sb as a functional layer for use in spintronics, namely, as a ferromagnetic injector in a spin light emitting diode, has been investigated. We studied the luminescent characteristics, as well as the temperature dependence of the circular polarization degree of a spin LED electroluminescence with an (In,Fe)Sb injector.
Получение керамики на основе карбида кремния из золошлаковых отходов
Authors: Пак А.Я. , Губин В.Е. , Мамонтов Г.Я.
Published: May 2020

The paper shows the possibility of obtaining bulk samples of solid ceramics based on silicon carbide obtained from ash waste. The process is implemented in three stages: the initial ash waste was treated with a carbon plasma of a direct current arc discharge under ambient air conditions using a vacuumless method, then the obtained powder material was purified from unbounded carbon in an atmospheric furnace, and at the final stage the powder product was sintered by the plasma spark sintering method. According to analytical methods, the result is a ceramic based on silicon carbide with a density of 3.05 g/cm3 and a hardness of up to 19.9 GPa.
Условия коалесценции объемных нанопузырьков
Authors: Кошоридзе C.И.
Published: May 2020

The paper considers the coalescence of two bulk nanobubbles with significantly different radii. The study of this issue is of practical importance,since coalescence is an undesirable process: nanobubbles lose their unique properties as they grow larger. In a simplified model of charged nanobubbles based on the energy approach, it is shown that, in contrast to surface nanobubbles , for bulk nanobubbles coalescence can occur at certain values of surface charge density, concentration , and radius ratio.
Конвективный теплообмен во вращающемся полом цилиндре с торцевой стенкой
Authors: Архипов В.А. , Матвиенко О.В. , Жуков А.С. , Золоторёв Н.Н.
Published: May 2020

The method and results of calculating the flow field and convective heat transfer in a hollow cylinder with end wall rotating around the axis of symmetry with varying angular velocity and height of the cylinder are presented
Порообразование в тонких пленках германия при имплантации ионов Ge-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=-
Authors: Лядов Н.М. , Гаврилова Т.П. , Хантимеров С.М. , Базаров В.В. , Сулейманов Н.М. , Шустов В.А. , Нуждин В.И. , Янилкин И.В. , Гумаров А.И. , Файзрахманов И.А. , Тагиров Л.Р.
Published: May 2020

The results of a study of the morphology of the nanostructured by ion implantation germanium films are presented. The film samples were grown using the magnetron sputtering method in an ultrahigh vacuum and then were irradiated with Ge+ ions of 40 keV energy in the fluence range of (1.8–8)×10(16) ion/cm2. Using the scanning electron microscopy it was found that in the implanted germanium volume the vacancy complexes with a diameter of 50–150 nm gradually form and come to the surface upon reaching a certain implantation fluence, forming a developed relief of the irradiated films.
Нейроподобная динамика в системе фазовой автоподстройки частоты с запаздывающей обратной связью
Authors: Сысоев И.В. , Сысоева М.В. , Пономаренко В.И. , Прохоров М.Д.
Published: May 2020

A model of the neural dynamics is proposed based on phase-locked loop system with delayed feedback. The model is able to demonstrate chaotic oscillatory regimes, which have typical for neural activity switching between qualitatively different types of oscillations.
Характерные закономерности конденсации слоев никеля на поверхности монокристалла вольфрама
Authors: Голубев О.Л.
Published: May 2020

Using field emission microscopy methods , the condensation and adsorption of Ni from a fraction of monoatomic layer to several hundert layers on the surface of a single crystal W-tip over a wide range of surface temperatures T changes were studied. The adsorption Ni on W in contrast to the adsorption Si on W does not cause any reconstruction of the W-suface at any T of the surface, and there are also no phenomena of bulk diffusion and field reconstruction of the surface. When multi-layer coatings of Ni on the W-surface grow crystallites of Ni with its own structure and faceting at low T - on close-packed faces and at high T - on loose faces of W. The presence of strong external electric field makes it possible to keep the crystallites on the surface at temperatures much higher than their solute temperature in the absence of an external field.
Влияние условий магнетронного распыления на структуру Zr-Pd покрытий
Authors: Паль А.Ф. , Рябинкин А.Н. , Серов А.О.
Published: May 2020

Structureless Zr75Pd25 amorphous metal coatings were obtained using DC magnetron sputtering with an average deposition rate of 1.3 nm/s and a substrate temperature of 40 oC, as well as the crystalline coatings at a higher temperature. The equilibrium phase composition is observed at a temperature 350 oC. At intermediate temperature mainly the PdZr phase is formed against the equilibrium PdZr2 phase. The roughness of the obtained amorphous coatings is of 0.2–0.5 nm, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of crystalline coatings of the same composition.
Title DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST MONTELUKAST SODIUM IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: EL SHEIKH RAGAA , S HASSAN WAFAA , M EL-GABRY MARWA , GOUDA AYMAN A , S IDRIS SALEH , M SALEM OSAMA , S ALI IBRAHIM
Published: May 2020

Objective: Simple, sensitive, precise, reproducible, and validated visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of leukotriene receptor antagonist drug, namely, montelukast (MNT) sodium in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations.

Methods: Three spectrophotometric methods are based on the formation of yellow-colored ion-pair complexes between MNT sodium and three dyes, bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, and methyl orange with absorption maxima at 420, 416, and 426 nm, respectively.

Results: The stoichiometric ratio of the formed ion-pair complexes was found to be 1:1 (drug:reagent) for all methods, as deduced by Job’s method of continuous variation. Several parameters such as pH, buffer type and volume, reagent volume, sequence of addition, and effect of extracting solvent were optimized to achieve high sensitivity, stability, low blank reading, and reproducible results. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9993–0.9999) were found over the concentration ranges of 1.0–10, 1.0–12, and 1.0–16 μg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.30, 0.29, and 0.27 μg/mL for bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, and methyl orange methods, respectively.

Conclusion: The proposed methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the analysis of MNT sodium in pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison of the results obtained by applying the proposed methods with those of the reference method revealed good agreement and proved that there was no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between the results.
ANTI-PARKINSON POTENTIAL OF PERSEA AMERICANA SEED EXTRACTS THROUGH IN-SILICO DOCKING STUDY
Authors: EVANGELINE RACHAEL , AHMED NIHAL
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of Persea americana extracts for their Anti-Parkinson application through an in-silico docking study.

Methods: PubChem and protein data bank databases were used to retrieve 3D structures. AutoDock4 was used to perform protein-ligand docking analysis. PyMOL was used to visualize the docking results.

Results: Among the 30 ligand, the highest affinity was demonstrated by Hesperidin with a free binding energy of −6.8 kcal/mol and formation of five hydrogen bonds. The second highest significance was demonstrated by Biphenyl 4-(4-diethylaminobenzylidenamino) with a free binding energy of −5.9 kcal/mol with the formation of 2 hydrogen bonds. Among the three sets of phytochemicals from different solvent extracts, water extract demonstrated the highest potential as Anti-Parkinson active.

Conclusion: P. americana extracts were analyzed for their Anti-Parkinson potential, and among the three extracts, the aqueous extract was predicted to have significant Anti-Parkinson potential, based on in silico docking analysis, due to the presence of active phytochemicals such as Hesperidin and others.
GREEN, RAPID, SIMPLE, AND AN EFFECTIVE ONE-POT MULTICOMPONENT STRATEGY FOR SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL DIHYDROPYRANO[2,3-C]PYRAZOL-6-AMINES IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM
Authors: Azzam Sadeq Hamood Saleh , Siddekha Aisha , Pasha MA
Published: May 2020

Objectives:  A series of new dihydropyrano [2,3-c]pyrazol-6-amines in this investigation  study, are synthesized  by the strategy of one-pot four component reaction in an aqueous medium.
Methods:  After getting optimum conditions the reaction of different substituted aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate,  and phenylacetonitrile catalysed by Sodium hydrogen sulphate NaHSO4 (0.5 m mol) by refluxing in ethanol-water (1:1) (5 ml) and heated at 80 oC. The synthesized molecules product was filtered, washed with water to get nearly pure product in excellent yield.
Results:  The pure products which were got in a short duration, with excellent yield (80 – 87%). Those new compounds were identified by using spectroscopic techniques FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the usefulness of this one-pot multicomponents protocol include easily available starting materials, facile, simple and environment-friendly procedure, and easier separation of products by filtration.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 March 2019; Revised 11 April; Accepted 9 May, Available online 15 May 2020
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Prof Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI
Affiliation: Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
E-mail: conyeji@oauife.edu.ng
 
Name: Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam
Affiliation: USTC, Chittagong, Bangladesh
E-mail: S_i_liton@yahoo.com
Comments of reviewer(s):

Similar Articles:
TOXICITY AND ANTITRYPANOSOMAN ACTIVITY OF HEMI SYNTHESIS PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF MITRACARPUS SCABER HARVESTED SOUTH OF BENIN
PHYTOCHEMISTRY STUDY OF PLANTS BELONGING TO CAPPARIS
Authors: Al-Mahweety Jamal A.N. , Alyahawi Ali
Published: May 2020

Objectives:  Bioactive molecules have gained attention in recent time due to their diverse effects and their economic importance. The objective of current study was to isolate, analyze and identify the active constituents from leaves of C.   cartilaginea.
Methods:  The powdered leaves were extracted with different solvents by using Soxhlet apparatus and carried out by different chromatographic techniques. The phytochemical characterizations were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.
Results:  Three pure compounds were identified representing 1.6% of the total phytochemical composition. Yield of compounds 1, is Kaempferol  (6gm), compound 2, is Dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (3.8gm) and compound 3, is β-Sitosterol (5gm). Three of them are report for first time from this Spp. 
Conclusion:  From this study, can be concluded that report for the first time from C. cartilaginea leaves, identified 3 pure chemical compounds, by analysis using various physical and spectral techniques.
Peer Review History:
Received 7 April 2019; Revised 20 April; Accepted 5 May, Available online 15 May 2020
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Ahmad Najib
Affiliation: Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
E-mail: ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
 
Name: Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf
Affiliation: Sana'a university, Yemen
E-mail: alialkaf21@gmail.com
Comments of reviewer(s):

Similar Articles:
A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PLANTS OF APOCYNACEAE FAMILY AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL USES OF DIFFERENT PLANTS OF EUPHORBIACEAE FAMILY
MENTHA PIPERITA L. - A PROMISING DENTAL CARE HERB MAINLY AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA
ETHNOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF OCHNA SCHWEINFURTHIANA: A REVIEW
Fragmentação do poder e a complexidade de governar nas regiões metropolitanas
Authors: Ferro Rodrigo Rage , Saleme Edson Ricardo
Published: May 2020

Com a maior mobilidade de serviços, capital e pessoas, a questão metropolitana ganha notoriedade. Embora a Constituição já reconhecesse as regiões metropolitanas, foi com o Estatuto da Metrópole, Lei n. 13.089, de 2015, que houve algum avanço em relação à governança interfederativa. Pretendia-se preencher as lacunas e explorar o potencial de diversos instrumentos político-urbanísticos visando à boa governança com base no fomento às iniciativas de cooperação e coordenação federativa, por longas décadas negligenciadas pelo Poder Público. Contudo, a própria fragmentação do poder e a complexidade de governar essas regiões tornam frágeis a gestão e a governança delas, pondo em xeque a viabilidade e a efetividade do Estatuto. Assim, o presente estudo, utilizando o método hipotético-dedutivo, visa analisar algumas inovações trazidas pelo Estatuto ou que deveriam ter sido disciplinadas por ele e o modo como estas se aproximam ou não dos itens essenciais para uma sólida governança e para a superação das fragilidades institucionais.
As secas no Jequitinhonha: demandas, técnicas e custos do abastecimento no semiárido de Minas Gerais
Authors: Silva Jeter Liano da , Ribeiro Áureo Eduardo Magalhães , Lima Vico Mendes Pereira , Heller Leo
Published: May 2020

Este artigo analisa as secas no Semiárido do vale do Jequitinhonha, em Minas Gerais, investigando a demanda por água, as técnicas utilizadas, as organizações públicas dedicadas ao abastecimento e seus custos. Para isso, foram utilizadas entrevistas com agências públicas e agricultores de quatro municípios. Conclui-se no artigo que a seca aguda de 2012 a 2016 engajou várias agências públicas no provimento de água, com o emprego de técnicas de custos e eficácia diferentes; observou-se que várias inovações técnicas e institucionais ajudam a reduzir o clientelismo que vigora historicamente nas secas; mesmo assim, as maiores despesas continuam a ser com o atendimento emergencial mediado pelo poder local.
¿Qué estimula la emoción en las audiencias? Un estudio de caso sobre persuasión, distorsión y emoción en las noticias
Authors: Tapias Hernández César Augusto
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se describe de qué manera un evento enmarcado en el género periodístico de la “entrevista” constituye una narrativa engañosa que, incluso después de ser rectificada, seguirá afectando a las audiencias convocadas emocional e ideológicamente. Se trata de un estudio de caso desarrollado a través de un análisis de contenido para explicar cómo emerge una noticia falsa en un noticiero de la televisión privada en Colombia a través de la introducción de frases falsas que, combinadas con el encuadre, las narrativas emocionales y las distorsiones, agudizan la polarización política y dejan ver cómo se insertan estas emociones en la narrativa noticiosa. Los resultados muestran que los sesgos de distorsión, no necesariamente partidistas, y las emociones alineadas con los principios ideológicos junto a las ganancias del mercado, son el caldo de cultivo para la gestación de las noticias falsas. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar de qué manera medios tradicionales como la televisión y sus estrategias de persuasión narrativa, proporcionan a sus audiencias, materiales (falsos) para la construcción (sesgada) de noticias (falsas), mientras emocionan al público, lo que genera beneficios políticos y económicos para el medio, el grupo económico del que hace parte el medio, y el candidato presidencial que el grupo respalda. El hallazgo más importante radica en que el sesgo emocional que procura el medio privado de información noticiosa estudiado no se agota en una explicación de su carácter partidista; en juego están las audiencias delmejor horario de la televisión colombiana, así como los beneficios económicos para un segmento del mercado publicitario.
Objektifikasi QiṢās Dan Diyat: Sebuah Tawaran Pembaharuan KUHP
Authors: Sulaiman Akhmad , Ikhlas Nur
Published: May 2020

The reporting media indicates that the killing ceses in Indonesia keep on rise. It means that applying killing criminal law that refers to KUHP is not effective. This condition requires KUHP reforming because the right of human life must be vouched by the government. The criminal law of Indonesia must punish a killer more forceful. The writers offer qiṣās and diyat to be applied in Indonesia but they have to pass through objectification. According to Kuntowijoyo, objectification is interpreting religion’s internal doctrines into objective categories in order to be able to be applied, actualized,  and accepted by moslem and nonmoslem. It is research and development that strives for developing Kuntowijoyo’s objectification on KUHP reforming. With changing  qiṣās term into die punishment, diyat into compensation for victim’s family, and adjusting with objective condition in Indonesia, qiṣās and diyat will be accepted by every national of Indonesia and become solution of criminal law of Indonesia that is not effective.
Cakupan Alat Bukti Sebagai Upaya Pemberantasan Kejahatan Siber
Authors: Lestari Anis Dewi , Damayanti Meliana
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketentuan pembuktian sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 184 Kitab Undang-Undang hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP). Dalam pasal tersebut disebutkan alat-alat bukti terdiri atas : keterangan saksi, keterangan ahli, surat, petunjuk, keterangan terdakwa. Pesatnya Teknologi Informasi melalui internet tersebut mengubah aktifitas-aktifitas kehidupan yang semula perlu dilakukan kontak fisik, sekarang dengan menggunakan media elektronik, aktifitas keseharian dapat dilakukan secara virtual atau maya. Namun demikian  berhadapan dalam kasus siber (cyber crime)  dalam hal pembuktian ternyata dokumen elektronik tidak memenuhi ketentuan sistem hukum pidana terutama dalam KUHP maupun KUHAP di Indonesia.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif yang bersifat deskriptif dimana pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan cara menekankan pada undang-undang yang terkait dengan isu hukum. Untuk mempelajari dan menelaah hukum yang berkaitan dengan kasus apa saja yang ada di internet, dengan cara melakukan penelitian terhadap sumber-sumber tertulis. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, dan teknik penelitian ini dengan mengkaji dokumen atau sumber tertulis seperti majalah, jurnal, buku dan lain-lainnya.Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya sebuah alat bukti yang disertai dengan keyakinan hakim. Penjelasan pasal 177 ayat (1) huruf c RUU KUHAP yang dimaksud dengan “bukti elektronik” adalah informasi yang diucapkan, dikirim, diterima, atau disimpan secara elektronik dengan alat optik ataupun yang serupa dengan itu, termasuk rekaman data.
Fatwa Sebagai Media Social Engineering (Analisis Fatwa MUI di Bidang Hukum Keluarga Pasca Reformasi)
Authors: Setiyanto Danu Aris
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menelaah bagaimanakah peran fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) sebagai social engineering, dan bagaimanakah implikasinya di bidang hukum keluarga Islam. Kedudukan fatwa yang merupakan bagian dari produk hukum Islam sangat urgen dalam eksistensi menentukan keadilan dan rekayasa sosial (social engineering). Eksistensi fatwa mengimplikasikan dinamika perkembangan hukum Islam sebagai jawaban realita sosial dalam menemukan keadilan berdasarkan syariat Islam. Di tengah pluralisme hukum pada era reformasi, masyarakat muslim Indonesia pada umumnya menerima fatwa MUI tentang hukum keluarga dengan baik. Sifat fatwa yang bersifat kasuistik, tidak memiliki daya ikat, dan dinamis telah mendorong adanya rekayasa sosial dalam masyarakat muslim Indonesia khususnya di bidang hukum keluarga. Kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap fatwa telah mengarahkan bahwa fatwa menjadi penentu hukum. Fatwa dinilai oleh masyarakat memiliki nilai-nilai dimensi ketuhanan dan dimensi keadilan sosial secara bersamaan.Sehingga keputusan atau peraturan negara melalui pengadilan yang tidak selaras dengan hukum Islam dapat dimediasi dengan kehadiran fatwa terkait. Fatwa MUI juga telah mampu menjadi jawaban bahkan penyeimbang kontroversi hukum negara dan agama dalam masyarakat. Kekuatan fatwa yang demikian mengarahkan dan menunjukkan kepada nilai-nilai ketuhanan dan cara berpikir, bertindak masyarakat muslim Indonesia.
The Concept Of Adultery Post-Revision Of The Penal Code
Authors: Junaidi M. , Imansyah Resky Gustiandi Candra
Published: May 2020

Zina is an act that is prohibited by religion as well as by the state. Adultery is arranged in two rules; in Indonesia it is regulated in the Criminal Code called KUHP. For the case of adultery, it uses offense complaint, which means that it will only be processed criminal law if there is one spouse who reported this legal event. While in Islam, zina’s actions are regulated in the Qur’an and Hadith. The problems appeared when the article that regulates zina in the existing criminal code law will be revised its offense from the offense complaint becomes a general offense. This research is under normative research. The type of data in this study is secondary data which were collected by the study method library.  The data collected were analyzed by qualitative descriptive method. The result shows that in the Islamic context of adultery, the reporting and proofing process requires only 4 witnesses and it must be seen by firsthand. Whereas in the draft amendment of the criminal law, the adultery will be regulated by general offense resulting in the proof that should be studied not only from the sociological aspect but also the theological aspect.
Criminal Sanctions As an Eradication Strategy Of Corruption: A Critical Study from the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law
Authors: Darudin Mohammad
Published: May 2020

The spirit of anti-corruption movement  has been a motion since reformation era in 1998 and the government has issued various policies. Firstly, the policy relating to the substance of the law, the government has passed various laws and ratified international conventions. Secondly, the regulations concerning law enforcement agencies, the government has established the Corruption Eradication Commission, Corruption Crime Court, the Center for Reporting and Analyzing Financial Transactions (PPATK), the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), and the establishment of internal supervisory bodies. However,  these efforts seemingly  face failure. The facts show that corruption increases in the executive, legislative and judicial institutions, from the center to the region level. The failure of corruption eradication can be one of the reasons that indicates the formulation of criminal sanctions in Law No. 20/2001 for corruption is weak, not appropriate for the negative impacts of the crime. Consequently, the punishment imposed has no deterrent effect for either the perpetrators or others. It is contrast to the concept of sanctions in Islamic criminal law, sanctions imposed on the perpetrators must be comparable with their evil deeds (Qur'an Surah 42, verse 40), with the aim to benefit for human both individual and collective. According to the  concept, this article will examine criminal sanctions based on Islamic criminal law as an eradication strategy of corruption. The results of this article can be a consideration for the  revision of the framework in formulating criminal sanctions contained in Law No. 20 / 20011 concerning corruption.
Effect Of Young Age in Murder Felony (Comparative Study Between Islamic Jurisprudence and Indonesian Law)
Authors: Haq Islamul , Bedong M. Ali Rusdi , Syatar Abdul
Published: May 2020

This research was a comparative study on the effect of young age in the crime of murder between Islamic jurisprudence and Indonesian law. The presence of children around us needs attention, especially with regard to their behavior, which is out of control. the phenomenon of their deviation is one of the negative social phenomenon which required protection, guidance and education. According to previous studies, children who deviated and were not controlled would become a criminal when he reaches adulthood. Nowadays, the children's delinquency is widely spread, they are involved in committing crimes such as drugs, theft, fighting, and increased to murder. This research will focus on the murder committed by under age children, because murder is a very dangerous crime to the indivdual life and is one of the law violation againts the five  principles of shariah (daruriyat al khamsah).