bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Pointwise Approximation of Functions by Some Matrix Means of Conjugate Fourier Series
Authors: Lenski W. , Szal B.
Published: January 2016

The results corresponding to some theorems of S. Lal [Tamkang J. Math., 31(4)(2000), 279-288] and the results of the authors [Banach Center Publ. 92(2011), 237-247] are shown. The same degrees of pointwise approximation as in mentioned papers by significantly weaker assumptions on considered functions are obtained. From presented pointwise results the estimation on norm approximation with essentialy better degrees are derived. Some special cases as corollaries for iteration of the Nörlund or the Riesz method with the Euler one are also formulated.
The N-Fuzzy Metric Spaces and Mappings with Application
Authors: Malviya Neeraj
Published: January 2016

In the present paper, we introduce the notion of N-fuzzy metric spaces (NFMSs), Pseudo N-fuzzy metric spaces and describe some of their properties. Also we prove a fixed point theorem using implicit relation in N-fuzzy metric spaces.
Strategies of Islamist Extremism in Europe
Authors: Mares Miroslav
Published: January 2016

This paper explains various strategies of contemporary Islamists extremism in Europe. The author identifies the most important variants of Islamist extremism and deals with their goals and with strategic approaches how to achieve these goals. Quasi-legalist strategies as well as violent forms of interest-empowerment are described. The author uses sources from various Islamist organizations and analyses these materials within the framework of modern insurgency. A comprehensive outlook and threat assessment of Islamist extremist strategies are included in this article.
Relationship between Security and Human Rights in Counter-Terrorism: A Case of Introducing Body Scanners in Civil Aviation
Authors: Prezelj Iztok
Published: January 2016

Changes in security environment after the end of Cold War and 9/11 have strongly affected our security concepts and paradigms. In the field of counter-terrorism, a serious conceptual and practical debate on the relationship between security and human rights and freedoms has begun. The goal of this paper is to reflect on this complex relationship at the conceptual level and introduce the empirical debate on this relationship in the field of civil aviation (case of introducing body scanners). The paper’s results show that the concept of human security usefully integrates the care for human rights and security of individuals. The debate on the potential introduction of body scanners on the European airports was actually a debate on the ways of providing individual human security on the airports with simultaneous concern for other human rights. The output of this debate was a compromise: body scanners can be used at the discretion of individual airports and member states, but are not an obligatory measure on all European airports.
Sudden Cardiac Death and Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Vries Lennart de , Kis Zsuzsanna , Yap Sing-Chien
Published: January 2016

Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients without structural heart disease can be found in a significant portion of the general population. The prognosis of patients with idiopathic VA is usually favorable and patients are often asymptomatic. However, sudden cardiac death (SCD) as a consequence of idiopathic VA has been reported. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the association between idiopathic VA and SCD.
Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Associated with Atrial Septal Defect — a Rare Cause of Refractory Severe Cardiac Failure
Authors: Țilea Ioan , Gal Codruța , Varga Andreea , Rudzik Roxana
Published: January 2016

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a cardiomyopathy that can either result from arrested or abnormal myocardial morphogenesis during heart development, or can be acquired later in life. Current practice guidelines recommend different strategies for the management of patients with LVNC. Common clinical features of this disease include cardiac failure, thromboembolism, life-threatening arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death, which could indicate a worse prognosis. The disease may occur alone or in association with other congenital cardiac, neuromuscular, mitochondrial or metabolic disorders. The association of left ventricular non-compaction with other structural cardiac congenital diseases (such as atrial or ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, obstruction of ventricular outflow tract) is rare. As clinical manifestations of LVNC are non-specific, particular imaging modalities (echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging or ECG gated computed tomography) should be used in order to establish the diagnosis of LVNC. Antiarrhythmic drugs and implantable cardioverter defibrillators may be considered for the management of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ventricular non-compaction. We report the presentation, diagnosis and management of a 46 year-old female with refractory severe cardiac failure, repeated syncope due to LVNC and atrial septal defect, requiring medical therapy and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator as a "life bridge" to heart transplantation.
Seventy Years of Biochemical Subjects’ Development in Pharmacy Curricula: Experience from Serbia/ Sedamdeset godina razvoja biohemijskih predmeta u kurikulumu farmacije: iskustvo iz srbije
Authors: Milosevic Georgiev Andrijana , Krajnović Dušanka , Manojlović Jelena , Ignatović Svetlana , Majkić Singh Nada
Published: January 2016

Introduction: The pharmacists played an important role in the development of biochemistry as applied chemistry in Serbia. What is more, the first seven state chemists in Ser bia were pharmacists. State chemists performed the chemicaltoxicological analysis as well as some medical and biochemical ones. When it comes to the education of medical biochemists as health workers, the period after the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century should be taken into account because that is when the training of pharmaceutical staff of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, begins on the territory of Serbia. This paper presents the development of medical biochemistry through the development of curriculum, personnel and literature since the foundation of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Serbia until today.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to present the historical development of biochemistry at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, through analysis of three indicators: undergraduate and postgraduate education of medical biochemists, teaching literature and professional associations and trade associations.

Method: The method of direct data was applied in this paper. Also, desktop analysis was used for analyzing of secondary data, regulations, curricula, documents and bibliographic material. Desktop research was conducted and based on the following sources: Archives of the University of Belgrade- Faculty of Pharmacy, Museum of the History of Pharmacy at the University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, the Society of Medical Biochemists of Serbia and the Serbian Chamber of Biochemists.

Results and conclusion: The curricula, the Bologna process of improving education, the expansion of the range of subjects, the number of students, professional literature for teaching biochemistry, as well as professional associations and trade associations are presented through the results.
Recent progress in red semiconductor photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and utilization
Authors: Jiao Wei , Shen Wei , Rahman Zia Ur , Wang Daoai
Published: January 2016

Photocatalysis has received much attention as it is considered one of the potential solutions for solar energy conversion and counteracting environmental degradation. In order to promote the research work of the field and meet the requirements of practical applications, it is necessary to develop high efficiency visible-light-driven photocatalysts, especially the red semiconductor photocatalysts. This review aims to sum up the progress recently made in this field, concentrating on the scientific and technological possibilities offered by three kinds of red semiconductor photocatalysts for water splitting, organic contaminant decomposition, and CO
“Thought experiments” as dry-runs for “tough experiments”: novel approaches to the hydration behavior of oxyanions
Authors: Chialvo Ariel A. , Vlcek Lukas
Published: January 2016

We explore the deconvolution of correlations for the interpretation of the microstructural behavior of aqueous electrolytes according to the neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS) approach toward the experimental determination of ion coordination numbers of systems involving oxyanions, in particular, sulfate anions. We discuss the alluded interplay in the title of this presentation, emphasized the expectations, and highlight the significance of tackling the challenging NDIS experiments. Specifically, we focus on the potential occurrence of

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pair formation, identify its signature, suggest novel ways either for the direct probe of the contact ion pair (CIP) strength and the subsequent correction of its effects on the measured coordination numbers, or for the determination of anion coordination numbers free of CIP contributions through the implementation of null-cation environments. For that purpose we perform simulations of NiSO4 aqueous solutions at ambient conditions to generate the distribution functions required in the analysis (a) to identify the individual partial contributions to the total neutron-weighted distribution function, (b) to isolate and assess the contribution of

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pair formation, (c) to test the accuracy of the neutron diffraction with isotope substitution based coordination calculations and X-ray diffraction based assumptions, and (d) to describe the water coordination around both the sulfur and oxygen sites of the sulfate anion. We finally discuss the strength of this interplay on the basis of the inherent molecular simulation ability to provide all pair correlation functions that fully characterize the system microstructure and allows us to “reconstruct” the eventual NDIS output, i.e., to take an atomistic “peek” (e.g., see Figure 1) at the local environment around the isotopically-labeled species before any experiment is ever attempted, and ultimately, to test the accuracy of the “measured” NDIS-based coordination numbers against the actual values by the “direct” counting.
Maritime Laser Scanning as the Source for Spatial Data
Authors: Szulwic Jakub , Burdziakowski Paweł , Janowski Artur , Przyborski Marek , Tysiąc Paweł , Wojtowicz Aleksander , Kholodkov Arthem , Matysik Krzysztof , Matysik Maciej
Published: January 2016

The rapid development of scanning technology, especially mobile scanning, gives the possibility to collect spatial data coming from maritime measurement platforms and autonomous manned or unmanned vehicles. Presented solution is derived from the mobile scanning. However we should keep in mind that the specificity of laser scanning at sea and processing collected data should be in the form acceptable in Geographical Information Systems, especially typical for the maritime needs. At the same time we should be aware that data coming from maritime mobile scanning constitutes a new approach to the describing of maritime environment and brings a new perspective that is completely different than air and terrestrial scanning.

Therefore, the authors, would like to present results of an experiment aimed at testing the possibilities of using mobile scanning at sea. Experiment was conducted in the harbour and the associated environment of neighbouring southern coast of the Baltic Sea.
Inlet Air Fogging of Marine Gas Turbine in Power Output Loss Compensation
Authors: Domachowski Zygfryd , Dzida Marek
Published: January 2016

The use of inlet air fogging installation to boost the power for gas turbine engines is widely applied in the power generation sector. The application of fogging to mechanical drive is rarely considered in literature [1]. This paper will cover some considerations relating to its application for gas turbines in ship drive.

There is an important evaporative cooling potential throughout the world, when the dynamic data is evaluated, based on an analysis of coincident wet and dry bulb information. This data will allow ships’ gas turbine operators to make an assessment of the economics of evaporative fogging. The paper represents an introduction to the methodology and data analysis to derive the direct evaporative cooling potential to be used in marine gas turbine power output loss compensation.
Effects of Various Factors on the Viv-Induced Fatigue Damage In The Cable Of Submerged Floating Tunnel
Authors: Luoa Gang , Chen Jianxun , Zhou Xiaojun
Published: January 2016

According to the modal superposition method, the vortex vibration procedure of submerged floating tunnel cable was compiled using Matlab, based on the calculated results, the fatigue damage was predicted. The effects of various factors, such as cable density, cable length, and pretension and velocity distribution on vortex induced fatigue damage in the cable were studied. The results show that velocity distribution has more effect on the cable fatigue damage than cable length, cable density and pre-tension. Secondly, cable length has also relatively effect on the cable damage fatigue, cable density and pretension has limited in a certain range.
Truss Harbor Cranes Modal Design Elements Research
Authors: Żółtowski Mariusz , Liss Michał , Żółtowski Bogdan , Melcer Josef
Published: January 2016

Dockside cranes must meet the relevant strength requirements that provide usefulness and not endanger the safety of their use. The vibration effect on structural safety hazard results from the impact of horizontal forces caused by the transport of goods for loading and transverse forces caused by wind, which can be dangerous for correct functioning. In addition, there are often serious effects of climate-related impacts of the environment, material fatigue, which actuates the degradation state of the object. Dynamic loads may therefor cause random effects that devastate the structures or lead to their catastrophic destruction.

Recognizing the need to improve the testing methods of crane structures in order to assess their condition and assess their safety factors - this paper attempts to develop a methodology for testing the degradation of the selected portion of a construction crane - using experimental modal analysis, realized in simulation tests in the Inventor environment as well as at test stand research.
Towards a Model on the Factors Influencing Social App Users’ Valuation of Interdependent Privacy
Authors: Pu Yu , Grossklags Jens
Published: January 2016

In the context of third-party social apps, the problem of interdependency of privacy refers to users making app adoption decisions which cause the collection and utilization of personal information of users’ friends. In contrast, users’ friends have typically little or no direct influence over these decision-making processes.

We conduct a conjoint analysis study with two treatment conditions which vary the app data collection context (i.e., to which degree the functionality of the app makes it necessary for the app developer to collect friends’ information). Analyzing the data, we are able to quantify the monetary value which app users place on their friends’ and their own personal information in each context. Combining these valuations with the responses to a comprehensive survey, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis to investigate the roles of privacy concern, its antecedents, as well as app data collection context to work towards a model of interdependent privacy for the scenario of third-party social app adoption.

We find that individuals’ past experiences regarding privacy invasions are negatively associated with their trust for third-party social apps’ proper handling of their personal information, which in turn influences their concerns for their own privacy associated with third-party social apps. In addition, positive effects of users’ privacy knowledge on concerns for their own privacy and concerns for friends’ privacy regarding app adoption are partially supported. These privacy concerns are further found to affect how users value their own and their friends’ personal information. However, we are unable to support an association between users’ online social capital and their concerns for friends’ privacy. Nor do we have enough evidence to show that treatment conditions moderate the association between the concern for friends’ personal information and the value of such information in app adoption contexts.
Riffle
Authors: Kwon Albert , Lazar David , Devadas Srinivas , Ford Bryan
Published: January 2016

Existing anonymity systems sacrifice anonymity for efficient communication or vice-versa. Onion-routing achieves low latency, high bandwidth, and scalable anonymous communication, but is susceptible to traffic analysis attacks. Designs based on DC-Nets, on the other hand, protect the users against traffic analysis attacks, but sacrifice bandwidth. Verifiable mixnets maintain strong anonymity with low bandwidth overhead, but suffer from high computation overhead instead.

In this paper, we present Riffle, a bandwidth and computation efficient communication system with strong anonymity. Riffle consists of a small set of anonymity servers and a large number of users, and guarantees anonymity among all honest clients as long as there exists at least one honest server. Riffle uses a new hybrid verifiable shuffle technique and private information retrieval for bandwidth- and computation-efficient anonymous communication. Our evaluation of Riffle in file sharing and microblogging applications shows that Riffle can achieve a bandwidth of over 100KB/s per user in an anonymity set of 200 users in the case of file sharing, and handle over 100,000 users with less than 10 second latency in the case of microblogging.
The Deterrence Effects of Gun Laws in Games with Asymmetric Skills and Information
Authors: Oliveira Cristiano , Balbinotto Neto Giácomo
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a game-theoretic model of crime and self-defense with gun use. The main purpose is to evaluate gun control policy effectiveness on crime reduction. The effects of assumption regarding the type of information agent’s possess and some extensions such as criminals’ skills advantage and different costs in gun carrying are studied. The results show that policies that increase gun availability make criminals always carry guns, even if they have a fighting advantage over the victims. The main conclusions are that gun control under complete information assumption leads to a decrease of gun crimes and that such policies are more effective to reduce crime when they affect both criminal’s and victim’s costs. Under incomplete information gun control generates multiple equilibria where criminals alternate between crimes with and without guns. In this case the effects of gun policy on crime depend on the share of population type.
Le sens caché: Refoulement et impensé dans le discours de la loi sémiotique des significations cachées du discours juridique
Authors: Lamizet Bernard
Published: January 2016

Le droit est une des médiations institutionnelles de l’identité, puisqu’il régule les pratiques sociales exprimant l’appartenance de ceux qui les mettent en œuvre et qu’il institue les logiques qui structurent les rapports sociaux qui manifestent la sociabilité de l’espace public. La signification du discours du droit se distingue de celle de la parole ou de l’écriture dans les situations ordinaires de communication, car il s’agit d’un discours instituant. Dans le discours du droit, le sens caché est la part de la signification qui échappe à la performativité de l’énonciation. L’identité singulière de l’énonciateur fait l’objet d’un refoulement, le discours de la loi n’a pas de destinataire et il est considéré comme un discours à vocation universelle. Enfin, le discours de la loi est un discours qui s’impose à tous: il comporte, ainsi, une forme de performativité. Pour illustrer les questions théoriques et méthodologiques abordées dans cet article, on étudiera le texte d’une loi récemment promulguée en France, la loi n° 2013–316 du 16 avril 2013 relative à l’indépendance de l’expertise en matière de santé et d’environnement et à la protection des lanceurs d’alerte.
Uncovering hidden meanings in legal discourse on the elderly: A semioethical perspective
Authors: Novaes-Pinto Rosana Do Carmo , Oliveira Marcus Vinicius Borges
Published: January 2016

Aging is a theme that has interested philosophers, sociologists, anthropologists, educators, and scientists from several fields, including linguistics and semiotics, in which we have been developing our works and to which we hope to contribute with this article. In our text, especially dedicated to analyzing the (hidden) meanings underlying legal discourses to protect the elderly, we link our reflection to concepts developed in the sphere of semiotics and semioethics, with special reference to works by Susan Petrilli and Augusto Ponzio, strongly influenced, in turn, by authors such as Mikhail Bakhtin. Concerning legal discourse, we have chosen to concentrate on the topic related to violence, which reveals the very sad reality of how society treats their elders, which demands the existence of specific laws. We also base our discussion on data provided by Brazilian institutions such as IBGE and refer to the Brazilian Constitution and national policies especially written for the elderly, as well as on the reflections of Brazilian authors who have dedicated their lives to this field of study.
Analyses on Clinical Trials Literature: the Characteristics of Acu-moxa Manipulation for Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Liu Mai-Lan , Xie Shen , Pan Si-An , Liu Mi , Chang Xiao-Rong
Published: January 2016

Objective: To sort out and analyze on acupuncture-moxibustion (AM) based clinical trials literature for hyperlipidemia (HLP) so that to find out the characteristics of AM, by which the more rational strategy of AM for HLP could be made.

Methods: We searched clinical trial paper on hyperlipidemia by AM in the main English and Chinese databases, included those met the eligibility, and employed the metrologic method to analyze and summarize the AM manipulation features.

Results: (1) A total of 124 articles were included with 128 times of AM methods in this study. (2) AM methods were broadly distributed: 29 articles on mild moxibustion, 24 on manual acupuncture, 21 on electro-acupuncture, 6 on magnetic needle, 6 on herbal pastry-insulated moxibustion (HPIM), 4 on warming needle moxibustion (WNM), 3 on acupoint injection, 2 on laser exposure, 1 on intradermal imbedding needle, and 1 on needle-knife. (3) characteristics of AM: manual acupuncture focuses on the manipulation of reinforcement or reduction by inserting/lifting or twisting in different directions, based on pathopattern differentiation (deficiency or repletion). Electro-acupuncture, which is supposed to have no difference on reinforcement/reduction, mostly choose dilatational wave at a frequency between 2~100Hz, with around 30minutes needle-retainment and 30 sessions for the whole treatment; mild moxibustion takes around 10 minutes for each session on each acupoint; HPIM usually takes 3 to 5 cones for each session on each acupoint; WNM usually takes 30 minutes for each session, by being administered every day or every other day, for total 30 session.

Conclusion: Currently the major used AM methods for HLP are manual acupuncture, electro-acupuncture and mild moxibustion. By turns they pay more attention on reinforcement/reduction, wave form and frequency, and dosage of moxibustion, respectively.
Effects of Electroacupuncture at Neiguan Acupoint on SOD and Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential of Rabbits with Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Shen Jing , Wang Chao , Zhang Jia-Li , Liu Zhao , Liu Mi , Yan Jie , Chang Xiao-Rong , Guo li-Na
Published: January 2016

Objective: To investigate the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning at Nei Guan point (PC6) on the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) of rabbits with myocardial ischemia-reperrfusion injury, and its underlying mechanism that protects myocardium from injury.

Methods: 18 New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to pseudo-operation, model and EA groups， 6 in each group. Setting up models by ligation of coronary artery and electrically stimulating the rabbits in EA group 20 min per day in 5 days before modeling. Testing the activity of serum SOD with the method of actinochemistry, testing changes of mitochondrial transmembrane potential of myocardial cells with the method of synchronous spectrometry, using spectrophotometry to test the changes of the absorption of mitochondria at the spectrum of 520nm to check the opening of MPTP, and testing the apotosis of cells by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).

Results: Compared with model groups, the SOD activity of myocardial cells was significantly enhanced, and the apotosis index (AI) was reduced（P＜0.01），mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly increased （P＜0.05），absorption of mitochondria was significantly decreased（P＜0.01).

Conclusion: EA can remarkably improve myocardial ischemia - reperfusion injury, and protect myocardium.
The Combined Effects of Surface Roughness with Upstream Wakes on the Boundary Layer Development of an Ultra-High-Lift LPT Blade
Authors: Shuang Sun , Zhijun Lei , Xin’gen Lu , Yanfeng Zhang , Junqiang Zhu
Published: January 2016

The combined effects of upstream wakes and surface roughness on boundary layer development have been investigated experimentally to improve the performance of ultra-high-lift low-pressure turbine (LPT) blades. The measurement was performed on a linear cascade with an ultra-high-lift LP turbine profile named IET-LPTA with a Zweifel loading coefficient of about 1.4. The wakes were simulated by the moving cylindrical bars upstream of the cascade. The surface roughness was achieved using sandpaper strips which were placed into the slot incised on the blades surfaces. Three types of slots combined with three types of roughness heights formed a large measurement matrix. The roughness with a height of 8.82 μm (1.05×10
Initial Evidence that Individuals Form New Relationships with Partners that More Closely Match their Ideal Preferences
Authors: Campbell Lorne , Chin Kristi , Stanton Sarah C. E.
Published: January 2016

An important assumption in interpersonal attraction research asking participants about their ideal partner preferences is that these preferences play a role in actual mate choice and relationship formation. Existing research investigating the possible predictive validity of ideal partner preference, however, is limited by the fact that none of it has focused on the actual process of relationship formation. The current research recruited participants when single, assessed ideal partner preferences across 38 traits and attributes, tracked participants’ relationship status over 5 months, and successfully recruited the new partners of 38 original participants to assess their self-evaluations across the same 38 traits and attributes. Using multilevel modeling to assess the correspondence between ideal partner preferences and self-evaluations within couple, the results showed a positive within-couple association that was not accounted for by personality similarity or stereotype accuracy. We discuss these results with respect to the current literature on the predictive validity of ideal partner preferences in relationship formation.
Interrogation of Juveniles
Authors: Alberts Jennifer
Published: January 2016

It is common for juveniles’ rights to be limited and placed in the hands of others, such as their parents. This is because of the immaturity and relative incompetence of minors, compared to adults. However, in the context of the justice system, parents, in particular, may not be the best defenders of juvenile rights. This article draws on social science research to argue that, due to conflicts of interest, lack of knowledge, and poor relationships with their delinquent children, parents of juvenile delinquents are poor protectors of their children’s rights in the context of police interviews and interrogations. Other protections should instead be provided, such as requiring age to weigh heavily in favor of the juvenile when determining whether an interview is a custodial interrogation, and requiring the presence of an attorney at interrogations of juveniles.
Jurors’ Evaluations of a High School Bullying Case in which the Victim Attempted Suicide
Authors: Gentry Rachel H. , Pickel Kerri L.
Published: January 2016

Given the large number of criminal trials that occur annually, it is important to understand jurors’ verdict choices and punishment preferences. Recently, legislators have begun moving to criminalize school bullying, and therefore more such cases will likely be tried in courtrooms in the future. In the current study, undergraduates (N = 170; 75% female) evaluated a criminal trial involving bullying. We manipulated the victim’s age (14 or 18 years old) and the harm level (emotional distress that led to academic problems or a suicide attempt). We hypothesized that greater harm would produce more pro-victim judgments for the younger but not the older victim, and that this effect would be mediated by jurors’ inferences about each individual’s degree of responsibility. As predicted, when the victim was younger, a higher versus lower level of harm led to a greater proportion of guilty verdicts, higher probability of guilt estimates, and harsher sentence recommendations. In contrast, when the victim was older, an increase in harm significantly decreased probability of guilt estimates and did not affect verdicts or sentences. Jurors seem to interpret harm in a complex way, taking into account the victim’s apparent capacity to deal with his or her mistreatment.
60 YEARS OF POMC: Melanocortin receptors: evolution of ligand selectivity for melanocortin peptides
Authors: Dores Robert M , Liang Liang , Davis Perry , Thomas Alexa L , Petko Bogdana
Published: January 2016

The evolution of the melanocortin receptors (MCRs) is linked to the evolution of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs), and their common precursor pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). The origin of the MCRs and POMC appears to be grounded in the early radiation of the ancestral protochordates. During the genome duplications that have occurred during the evolution of the chordates, the organization plan for POMC was established, and features that have been retained include, the high conservation of the amino acid sequences of α-MSH and ACTH, and the presence of the HFRW MCR activation motif in all of the melanocortin peptides (i.e. ACTH, α-MSH, β-MSH, γ-MSH, and δ-MSH). For the MCRs, the chordate genome duplication events resulted in the proliferation of paralogous receptor genes, and a divergence in ligand selectivity. While most gnathostome MCRs can be activated by either ACTH or the MSHs, teleost and tetrapod MC2R orthologs can only be activated by ACTH. The appearance of the accessory protein, MRAP1, paralleled the emergence of teleost and tetrapods MC2R ligand selectivity, and the dependence of these orthologs on MRAP1 for trafficking to the plasma membrane. The accessory protein, MRAP2, does not affect MC2R ligand selectivity, but does influence the functionality of MC4R orthologs. In this regard, the roles that these accessory proteins may play in the physiology of the five MCRs (i.e. MC1R, MC2R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R) are discussed.
Fracture safety of double-porous hydroxyapatite biomaterials
Authors: Dejaco Alexander , Komlev Vladimir S. , Jaroszewicz Jakub , Swieszkowski Wojciech , Hellmich Christian
Published: January 2016

Biological requirements call for substantial porosities in clinical biomaterials – challenging the mechanical integrity and strength of the latter. In this study, the authors resort to quantitative engineering principles to assess the fracture safety of double-porous hydroxyapatite ceramics: micro-computed tomography scans give access to the morphology of macropores at the submillimeter scale, as well as to voxel-specific microporosities. Advanced micromechanics of porous ceramics with needle-shaped elementary units then allows for translating voxel-specific microporosities to corresponding elasticity and strength properties, as well as to macro-to-micro scale transition (‘concentration’) tensors. These mechanical properties and tensors are fed into a large-scale finite-element model of a biomaterial granule as used for mandibular tissue regeneration. Loading the granule in splitting mode, up to physiological strain, evidences stress concentrations at the loaded poles and close to internal macropores and cracks. A parallel computing-supported subvoxel analysis of needle orientations evidences that in highly loaded regions, the intravoxel ‘single crystals’ oriented perpendicular to the loading direction undergo the most unfavorable loading. Still, only 0·6% of the finite-elements show stresses indicating failure, and the mean safety factor against fracture is as high as 7. This analysis confirms, from an engineering science viewpoint, the successful use of the investigated biomaterials in clinical practice.
The Practice-oriented Model of «School Psychology» Master's Program
Authors: Andrushchenko T.Y. , Shashlova G.M. , Shubina A.S.
Published: January 2016

We presented the experience in the development and testing the module “Psychological diagnosis of students” of the “School psychology” master program in “Psychological and pedagogical education” training direction. We discussed contemporary contexts of design educational modules that are defined by ideas of cultural-historical approach of the scientific school of L.S. Vygotsky, educational theories and activities of developing education by D.B. Elkonin, V.V. Davydov, collectively distributed educational activity of V.V. Rubtsov. We analyzed the issue of professional competence training in educational psychologists at higher education. We presented the connection between the content of masters training and the requirements of the Professional standard “Teacher-psychologist (the psychologist in education)”. Within the context of the network of educational organizations we paid special attention to the content and organization of distributed practice as the basic condition of master’s professional competences formation and their readiness for the implementation of the working activities.
Methods of Independent Valuation of adolescent «inherent value» in Training Activity
Authors: Aminov N.A. , Zhambeeva Z.Z. , Kabardov M.K.
Published: January 2016

Implementing the new educational standards requires additional motivating features for successful study of adolescent. We tested a hypothesis that school student motivation to successful study is a result of interaction between external forms of motivating, such as forms of individual and social examination of study results by the teacher, and internal forms (a keen susceptibility of injustice or “suffering”, feelings of sorrow adolescent experienced from others or fault of their own). The study involved 41 students of 9th grade. The statistical analysis of intergroup differences and regression analysis confirmed the hypothesis. We found that depending on the sense of “suffering” adolescents admit more clearly how teacher evaluate his/her achievements on the main subjects (mathematics), has great self-esteem of his/her abilities and more “response” for the choice of future profession. According to the study results, authors pay special attention to the external factors that determine the adolescents’ attitude to themselves. That is, the achievement motive and anxiety of school student can be affected according to the preferred teachers value system based on an individual or a social student achievement evaluation norm.
De Cádiz a México: la cuestión de los institutos literarios (1823-1833)
Authors: Ríos Zúñiga Rosalina
Published: January 2016

Descripción  del  desarrollo  histórico  del  Instituto  Nacional   de   Literatura,    Ciencias   y Artes  como  una  recuperación   del origen   de la centralización  y secularización  educativa en  los  albores    del  México   independiente. Destaca   las bases  gaditanas  iniciales   y federalistas   constantes  del  proyecto, y la diversidad   de  contenidos   curriculares   encamina­ dos   a  la  generalización   de  la  educación   a nivel  nacional.  Considera  que  el fracaso   del proyecto  determinó  la falta  de  fuentes   para realizar  una  investigación más  amplia  y satisfactoria.
Variação do índice CPOD do Brasil no período de 1980 a 2010
Authors: Agnelli Patricia Bolzan
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho consiste em uma revisão de literatura sobre os valores de CPOD registrados no Brasil, de 1980 a 2010, e sobre os fatores que influenciaram a prevalência de cárie no país e, consequentemente, a alteração do índice, neste período. Foram analisados artigos científicos (das bases de dados BVS, SciELO, e PubMed), livros renomados sobre o tema e sites oficiais brasileiros (Portal da Saúde e ANVISA). A redução do CPOD nacional mostrou-se expressiva, pois a prevalência de cárie encontrava-se muito alta em 1980 (CPOD=7,3) e tornou-se baixa em 2010 (CPOD=2,1). O principal fator para tal redução foi o aumento das ações de promoção de saúde e prevenção, sobretudo após a implantação do Programa de Saúde da Família, em 1994.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.549
Bruxismo e sua relação com o Sistema Nervoso Central,/b>: Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Morais Dayana Campanelli , De Oliveira Aleli Tôrres , Monteiro André Antonio , Alencar Maria José Santos
Published: January 2016

O bruxismo é descrito como um movimento orofacial, denominado parafunção, cuja etiologia é complexa e multifatorial. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, facilitar o entendimento das possíveis causas dessa desordem e sua relação com o Sistema Nervoso Central, através de uma revisão de literatura. Alguns autores (4, 23, 19) afirmam a hipótese de o bruxismo ser mediado centralmente, tornando o estresse emocional e a ansiedade, fatores importantes para seu desencadeamento. Como auxílio diagnóstico, a polissonografia (PSG) é uma importante ferramenta, porém devido ao custo ainda oneroso, poucos estudos foram encontrados correlacionando a PSG e o bruxismo, sendo de grande importância que mais pesquisas sejam realizadas sobre o assunto.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.585
A saúde bucal na estratégia de saúde da família: como prosseguir?
Authors: Moreira Kelly Maria Silva
Published: January 2016

Considerando-se a importância de instituir um planejamento mais adequado e desenvolvimento eficaz das ações na Saúde Bucal de Várzea da Palma-MG, este estudo objetivou analisar a condição bucal de 380 escolares (5-6 anos de idade) e subsidiar ações em prol da qualidade dos serviços. Observou-se que 47,5% dos escolares não apresentavam doença cárie. Ao considerar-se somente o primeiro molar permanente (70,0% erupcionados), a presença de cárie foi menor (27,6%). Os resultados sugerem que atividades de promoção da saúde geraram mudanças positivas, no entanto, as metas da OMS-2010 não foram atingidas. Com finalidade de aumentar a resolubilidade destas ações, procurar-se-á promover educação em saúde, por meio de métodos mais descontraídos e includentes, como a orientação direta associada a recursos audiovisuais.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.587
Avaliação funcional de implantes por mineralização óssea in vitro
Authors: Lima José Henrique Cavalcanti , Tanaka Marcelo N. , Bezerra Fábio J. B. , Maia Vinicius T. G. , Robbs Patricia C. M.
Published: January 2016

A evolução do projeto dos implantes osseointegráveis é resultado do desenvolvimento de diferentes tipos de estruturas em sua superfície. No entanto, ainda existe a necessidade de estudos para definir o tipo de superfície ideal. Esse trabalho discute métodos de avaliação da superfície de implantes que mostram o potencial de determinadas superfícies para induzir mineralização óssea in vitro, partir do uso de células mesenquimais progenitoras. Foram realizadas análises comparativas entre a topografia de implantes com e sem rugosidades nanométricas e o tipo de interação entre pré-osteoblastos semeados diretamente nesses implantes. Características distintas foram observadas em cada superfície.
Sex and Race-Ethnicity Secular Trends in Mean and Elevated Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Among Adults in the United States, 1999-2012
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Ahmed Haitham M. , Blaha Michael J.
Published: January 2016

Objective: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been shown to associate with increased risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death. To our knowledge, no study has examined secular trends in RDW over the last decade.

Design: Serial cross-sectional design.

Setting: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2012, were used.

Patients: 34,171 adults.

Main Outcome Measure: RDW was assessed from a blood sample derived from the coefficient of variation of the red cell volume distribution histogram and reported as a percent.  Elevated RDW was defined as an RDW > 14.6%.

Results: The overall age-adjusted mean RDW increased progressively and significantly (P<.05) from 12.59% in 1999-2000 to 12.89% in 2011-2012. The overall age-adjusted prevalence of elevated RDW increased progressively and significantly (P<.05) from 4.01% in 1999-2000 to 6.25% in 2011-2012. Statistically significant increases over this time period also occurred among non-Hispanic White women, non-Hispanic Black men and women, and Mexican American men and women. Across all sex and race-ethnicity combinations, women, compared with men, had higher RDW and larger increases over time in mean and elevated RDW.  

Conclusion: Mean and elevated RDW has progressively increased from 1999-2012 among adults in the United States, with increases observed among non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and Mexican Americans. Future research is needed to describe the determinants and implications of this RDW rise, as well as explanations for why a greater RDW change has occurred among women. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):45-50; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.45
Results from the Trial Using Motivational Interviewing, Positive Affect, and Self-Affirmation in African Americans with Hypertension (TRIUMPH)
Authors: Boutin-Foster Carla , Offidani Emanuela , Kanna Balavenkatesh , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Ravenell Joseph , Scott Ebony , Rodriguez Anna , Ramos Rosio , Michelen Walid , Gerber Linda M. , Charlson Mary
Published: January 2016

Objective:  Our objective was to determine the the effectiveness in combining positive affect and self-affirmation strategies with motivational interviewing in improving blood pressure control among hypertensive African Americans compared with AA hypertensives in an education-only control group.

Design: Randomized trial.

Setting: Ambulatory practices in the South Bronx and Harlem, New York City.

Participants: African American adults with uncontrolled hypertension.

Interventions: Participants were randomized to a positive affect and self-affirmation intervention or an education control group. The positive affect and self-affirmation intervention involved having participants think about things that made them happy and that reminded them of their core values on a daily basis. These strategies were reinforced every two months through motivational interviewing. The control arm received a workbook of strategies on blood pressure control. All participants were called every two months for one year.

Main outcomes: Blood pressure control rate.

Results: A total of 238 participants were randomized. The average age was 56+ 11, approximately 70% were female, 80% were not married, and up to 70% completed high school. There was no difference in control rates between the intervention and the control group. However, at one year, female participants were more likely to be controlled. Participants with high depressive symptoms or high perceived stress at baseline were less likely to be controlled.

Conclusions: While this study did not demonstrate an intervention effect, it does provide important insight into the psychosocial factors that may underlie blood pressure control in African Americans. Implications for future behavioral intervention trials are discussed. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):51-60; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.51
A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Daily Dosing Versus Alternate Day Dosing of Rosuvastatin for Dyslipidemic Patients
Authors: Malhotra K. , Aslam S. , Gupta P. D.
Published: January 2016

Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common contributor of morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped and developing countries and places a huge burden on the society in terms of health care resources and loss of productivity. Statins are the most popular hypolipidemic drug used to treat hyperlipidemia which is generally administered daily.
Objectives: The study was conducted to compare the percent change of LDL-C, TC, TG and HDL and compare the safety of Rosuvastatin in patients of dyslipidemia.

Material and Methods: Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups: once daily group and Alternate day group of rosuvastatin 10mg for six weeks. The lipid profile was compared from the baseline and at end of six weeks.

Results: Baseline characters of both the groups were well balanced. LDL-C was reduced by 23.8 % in once-daily group and 26.05 % in alternate-day group, respectively. Changes were also recorded for the other lipid parameters (TC, TG, HDL). Such changes were found to be of no significant difference when compared between the two groups (p>0.05 NS.

Conclusion: Alternate day therapy is as effective as the once -daily dosing with rosuvastatin in Indian population in improving the lipid parameters in dyslipidemic patients.
Morphological Variations of Nutrient Foramina in Upper Limb Long Bones
Authors: Sharma M. , Prashar R. , Sharma T. , Wadhwa A.
Published: January 2016

The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone and is particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus as well as during the early phase of ossification. The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult upper limb long bones. The study was performed on 40 upper limb long bones which include 40 humerii, 40 radii, 40 ulnae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy Punjab institute of medical sciences, Jalandhar. The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different upper limb bones. In humerus double and triple foramina were found. In radius and ulna double foramina were observed at the maximum. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in radius. The knowledge about these foramina is useful in surgical procedures.