bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How the NHS can support violence reduction
Authors: Griffiths M
Published: July 2023

What programmes are being implemented in the NHS to address and reduce violence levels in young patients?
Sticks and stones: humanitarian orthopaedic and trauma surgery in conflicts and catastrophes
Authors: Mannion S
Published: July 2023

What are the challenges surgeons face when providing care after natural disasters?
Obituary: Dame Clare Marx
Authors: Eastwood D
Published: July 2023

A celebration of her life and the legacy she left for the surgical profession.
Does a mobile phone signify liberty?
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: July 2023

A question of whether owning a mobile phone can indicate liberty for patients.
July 2023 Sleep Case of the Month: Fighting for a Good Night’s Sleep
Authors:   Sleep Medicine,  Brigham and Women’s Hospital,  Harvard Medical School,  Boston, MA USA, Bright Meneena
Published: July 2023

No abstract available. Article truncated after first 150 words. A 31-year-old man presented for follow-up in the Sleep Medicine clinic. He has a past medical history of a seizure disorder and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and was referred after complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness. Current medications include citalopram and diltiazem. Four months prior, he was diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea characterized by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 34 and an oxygen saturation nadir of 86%. The patient was initiated on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy; however, he reported ongoing mask discomfort and difficulty with exhalation while wearing CPAP. Despite partial improvement in sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness, the patient reported sleeping for only 4 hours per night. The patient's sleep schedule was irregular, with bedtime ranging between 9:30 pm and 12 am, waking up at 5 am, and taking a daily nap for 4-5 hours in the morning during which he continued to use CPAP. Additionally, he described …
Demand for Water Tourism by Rafting in the Upper Northeastern Region 1 of Thailand
Authors: WAIYAWET Supreeya , NONTHAPOT Sakkarin
Published: July 2023

This research aimed to 1) study the components for the demand for water tourism by rafting among tourists in the New Normal, and 2) study the factors of water tourism by rafting among tourists in the New Normal in the Upper Northeastern Region 1, Thailand. The data was collected from 400 samples from five Northeastern provinces, i.e., Udon Thani, Nong Khai, Loei, Nong Bua Lam Phu, and Bueng Kan; obtained by provincial quota sampling with 80 samples per province. Convenience sampling was also used. Exploration factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted by using ADANCO ver.2.3 as per the objectives. It was found that 1) the components for the demand for water tourism by rafting could be categorized into one group with five factors, i.e., rafting duration, previous rafting experience, demand for rafting, product cost, and service cost. 2) The factors influencing the demand for water tourism by rafting included the factors of water transportation and the factors of tourism, respectively. From the results of the study, it was found that the involved agencies and rafting entrepreneurs should pay attention to the standards of water transportation by rafting. To clarify, there should be a law identifying the characteristics of the rafts or tourist/passenger boats in terms of suitability and safety for both the tourists and service providers.
Application of Interactive Media Techniques in Virtual Reality in the Marketing of Tourist Trails in Jordan
Authors: ALKURDI Ibrahim , ALANANZEH Omar A. , QADDHAT Ranea Mohammed , HAIJAWI Lubna S. , ALHASANAT Sami A.
Published: July 2023

Virtual Reality Technology (VRT) has many advantages that contribute to many electronic applications in the marketing of tourist sites. In recent times, VRT has witnessed a huge development in electronic tourism. This study is conducted to identify the enormous potential provided by technology in marketing virtual tourist tails in Jordan through an electronic application interface that contains information on virtual tourist tails within the tourist and archaeological sites within a two- and three-dimensional display mechanism. As well as the possibility of displaying pictures of tourist and archaeological sites in different dimensions and drawing scales, which contributes to identifying the geographical pattern in the distribution of tourism services within tourist attractions using spatial analysis based on techniques, applications, and computer systems for the virtual world. The study relied on neighbourhood analysis, which relies on Virtual Reality technologies, hotspot correlation analysis, and other mapping tests within the ARCGIS 10.3 spatial analyser extension. The study aims to connect the virtual tourist tails within the tourist and archaeological sites to each other, providing the possibility of interactive navigation according to the predefined scenario.
From Concept to Practice: Implementing Sustainable Tourism Development at Anurak Community Lodge in Thailand
Authors: SMITH Scott
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the integration of responsible tourism practices in Anurak Community Lodge's business model in southern Thailand, using a mixed-methods approach that combines field research, in-depth interviews, and guest surveys. The findings suggest that responsible tourism positively impacts the sustainability of the tourism industry and offers practical recommendations for implementing sustainable practices. The study highlights the importance of engagement, staff training, and environmental management in the successful implementation of responsible tourism. The results can inform policies and guidelines for sustainable tourism development and can be used by tourism operators to promote responsible tourism. The study should be of interest to various stakeholders committed to responsible tourism and will contribute to the body of knowledge, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the tourism industry.
Navigating the Fine Line of Sustainable Tourism: A Critical Analysis with Implications for Tourism Planning
Authors: FUCHS Kevin
Published: July 2023

Sustainable tourism has become a hot topic due to the negative impacts of traditional tourism. The concept is designed to balance economic, social, and environmental objectives, but is complex and multifaceted. It has advantages, including the preservation of the environment and cultural heritage, and economic benefits for local communities. However, I contend that sustainable tourism also presents vast challenges such as being difficult to define and measure, being more expensive than traditional forms of tourism (in part), and potentially having negative impacts on local communities. Another major challenge is the lack of incentives for industry players, which makes it hard for stakeholders to embrace sustainable tourism methods and practices. The article concludes that governments must prioritize sustainable tourism initiatives and provide adequate resources and support to ensure their successful implementation.
The Contribution of Tourism Industry Cash Flows to Economic Growth “Middle East Evidence”
Authors: ALADWAN Mohammad
Published: July 2023

This study aims to verify the extent to which the tourism sector contributes to economic growth measured by gross domestic income (GDP) in emerging countries. This study relied on the applied research method through correlation, simple and multiple regression. The study sample consisted of all tourism companies in Jordan. Quarterly Cash flows of tourism sector was traced from 2008-2021 and linked to GDP. The study reached the following conclusions, the simple regression confirmed the positive impact for all economic sectors including tourism sector on GDP; on the other hand, the multiple regression results for the joint influence of all sectors together on GDP only five sectors including tourism found with positive impact on GDP. Further evidence was found for the importance of tourism contribution to local income after excluding this sector from total earnings, the explanatory power of all sectors to GDP was decreased by 25%. The overall results of study recommended to give more attention to this sector in emerging economics particularly middle east countries.
The Influence of Halal Attractions and Memorable Experiences on Tourists' Destination Choices: An Indonesian Perspective
Authors: YASIN Muaidy , HERMAN Lalu Edy
Published: July 2023

The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of the tourism brand on decision-making developments during the holidays, as well as the contribution of religious standards, hallucinations and memorable tourist experiences. Tourism, a prominent step in the brand, is gaining a lot of attention and promotion in Indonesia. The study perfect is empirically authenticated through a field survey, a questionnaire distributed to 150 people surveyed by sampling methods. The collected data was processed with the Amos 20 software using Structural Equations (SEM). The results of the study show that memorable tourist experiences affect the natural value of a person's religiosity and the decision to visit a destination, and captivation also influence tourism choices. However, neither the attractive tourist brand nor the attraction affects the religiosity of a place, and the value of religiosity does not play roles in the judgements that tourists make to visit it.
The Complexity of the Legal Framework for Regulating the Activity of Tourist Guides in Kosovo
Authors: KRASNIQI Armand , SOJEVA Diamanta , KUQI Bekë
Published: July 2023

In Kosovo, tourism and legislation, despite positive developments for this economic activity, are not at the level of the standards required in the European Union. More specifically, in contrast to other countries, in Kosovo the activity of tourist guides is regulated only within the Law on Tourism and until now no by-laws have been issued to operationalize this specific activity. In the modern conditions of tourism developments, this fact can be one of the obstacles that in reality increases the safety of tourists to visit the tourist resources of our country and produces other negative financial, social, etc. implications. The paper starts from the definition of the term tourist guide, which has also been accepted at the EU level. This model should be the basis of providing a short narrative for the development of the country's tourist guide by analyzing and urgently completing the current legal basis for tourism. The work in a limited way highlights some problematic issues in the beginning and operation of this activity, especially in the sphere of professional certifications and adequate training, including in this direction, the advocacy for the application of the new European standard EN 15565 in Kosovo as well.
Strategic Planning for Taiwanese Industrial Tourism Parks Themed on Local Characteristic Industries
Authors: TAI Hung-I , LIU Li-Wei , YANG Lung-Shih , HSIEH Chi-Chiang
Published: July 2023

This study examined Puli Industrial Micro-Park for a case study. In line with Nantou County’s efforts to promote itself as a tourism capital, the park was designed as an industrial cluster that is themed on industrial tourism. This study explored the planning and operation of Puli Industrial Micro-Park and conducted in-depth interviews to understand its development history and implementation performance. Finally, it summarized the key factors that contributed to the successful development of industrial tourism parks with local characteristics, namely self-liquidating capability, land price, park development characteristics, comprehensive park planning, and park cooperation with nearby industries.
Tourism and COVID-19: Changes in Travel and Behavioral Patterns of Residents of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: ČAUŠEVIĆ Amra
Published: July 2023

This paper analyses whether there have been any changes in the behavior and patterns of tourist travel after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The convenience sample included 265 respondents. The results of the study show that the most important factors in choosing to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic are: cleanliness, safety, comfort, costs, and social distance. The results of the study show a statistically significant difference in the factors that influence choosing to travel during COVID-19 with regard to employment, i.e., occupation, whereby the most factors when deciding on travel during COVID-19 are considered by pensioners and the least by students. When choosing a destination, as well as the image of the destination from the perspective of tourists, the study showed that owning a car is a statistically significant factor. The study also shows that there is a positive relationship that is statistically significant between the factors that influence choosing to travel during COVID-19 and the factors when choosing a destination from the perspective of tourists and the image of the destination, so those respondents who take into account more factors when choosing to travel during COVID-19, also take into account several factors when choosing a destination from the perspective of tourists and the image of the destination.
Educational Tourism as a Source of Linguistic and Cultural Competence of Foreign Students on the Example of Azerbaijan
Authors: ABDULHASANLI Tofik , RZAYEVA Gulnara , AMIROVA Aygun , HUSEYNOVA Zeynab
Published: July 2023

This article is devoted to the problem of the formation of linguistic and cultural competence of foreign students on the example of Azerbaijan with the help of educational tourism. The formation of this competency is one of the main conditions for the quality training of foreign students. Educational tourism is an important educational technology, especially at the present stage of social development due to the fact that it provides opportunities for expanding the horizons of students, familiarizing themselves with the culture of other countries and peoples, forming, understanding the customs, traditions, cultural values of their countries, native land and other countries and people’s skills, develops the abilities of students. This approach is aimed at overcoming stereotypes, the language barrier, thus, learning becomes productive. This leads to increased learning. Subject: linguistic and cultural competence of foreign students on the example of Azerbaijan. Purpose: to study and prove the need for educational tourism in the formation of linguistic and cultural competence of foreign students. Tasks: 1. To conduct a review of the literature on the formation of linguistic and cultural competence of foreign students. 2. To study the theory of educational tourism. 3. To analyze educational tourism in the press. 4. Consider the stages of educational tourism in the press. 5. To analyze the theoretical and practical research results. 6. Draw conclusions on the topic.
Audit of the Effectiveness of Inter-Budgetary Relations: The Case of Tourism Industry
Authors: ALIBEKOVA Aigul , NASYROVA Gulmira , ZHAMIYEVA Aizhan , TOLYSBAYEVA Madina , ALIBEKOVA Balsheker , ZHUGUNISSOVA Zhanargul
Published: July 2023

At present, in the context of financial, socio-economic and political tension, in order to ensure the legal and effective conduct of the financial activities of the state, it is necessary to involve state audit, because its results precede the issuance of new laws and regulations, contribute to the effectiveness of public resource management, the adoption of competent management decisions, the right choice and setting of appropriate goals. To ensure the development of the tourism industry, comprehensive state support is needed, which includes the creation of a special system of legislative acts and the creation of favorable conditions for attracting investment and infrastructure development. Research and assessment of the public debt management system and the development of a methodology for their audit contribute to the improvement of control over the effectiveness of the formation, management and assessment of public debt. In general, the state audit for Kazakhstan is seen as a holistic and independent assessment effectiveness and activity of the audited objects, covering not only financial issues, but also all directions of their activities and with the presentation of effective recommendations based on the identified deficiencies and proposals for risk management. The article considers the organization of efficiency audit in the field of tourism, analyzes state budget expenditures in this service sector.
Empirical Approaches Regarding Interdependency between Technology and Sustainable Tourism
Authors: NICOLA-GAVRILĂ Laura
Published: July 2023

The use of technology has transformed the tourism industry, enabling travelers to search for and book travel online, as well as access information about destinations and activities through websites, social media, and mobile apps. Technology has the potential to promote sustainable tourism practices, while sustainable tourism can, in turn, drive the development and adoption of new technologies. This paper intends to be an overview about empirical approaches regarding the interdependency between technology and sustainable tourism involve studying real-world data and conducting empirical research to understand how technology influences and contributes to sustainable tourism practices. These approaches aim to analyze the impact of technological advancements on various dimensions of sustainability in the tourism industry. Then, it discusses the role of tech and tourism in achieving the goals of sustainable development, identifies different technologies, including data-driven, artificial intelligent, agent-based modeling, that are being used to promote sustainable tourism practices.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tourism Industry of Kazakhstan
Authors: BERDIBEKOV Dauren , LASHKAREVA Olga , MAIDYROVA Aigul
Published: July 2023

This article aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which has been identified as a particularly vulnerable sector. The paper, in which Pearson correlation analyses was used, is significant in understanding the aftermath of the pandemic on the tourism industry in Kazakhstan, and how it compares to global trends. The study's results demonstrate that the consequences of the pandemic on the tourism industry in Kazakhstan are similar to those worldwide. However, the research also highlights a positive sign of recovery for domestic tourism in Kazakhstan, where the number of domestic tourists has surpassed pre-pandemic levels. This article's contributions are to provide valuable insights into the effects of COVID-19 on the tourism industry in Kazakhstan, and it can serve as a helpful resource for policymakers in the country.
Örnek Olay Yöntemi Temelli Öğretim Uygulamasıyla Öğrencilerin Dijital Vatandaşlık Becerilerini Geliştirmeye Yönelik Bir Eylem Araştırması
Authors: Aslan Vedat , Katılmış Ahmet
Published: July 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, örnek olay yöntemi temelli öğretim uygulamasının ilköğretim 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin dijital vatandaşlık becerilerinin gelişimini nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesine göre belirlenmiştir. Çalışma, araştırma amaçlarına uygun olarak nitel araştırma yönteminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde İstanbul-Sancaktepe’de bulunan bir devlet okulunda 5. sınıfa devam eden 30 öğrenciyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, ön ve son uygulama anketi, sınıf içi ses kayıtları, öğrenci ürünleri ve öğrenci günlüklerinden elde edilmiştir. Veriler içerik analizine ve betimsel analize tabi tutularak çözümlenmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesiyle örnek olay yöntemi temelli öğretim uygulamasının internetin gündelik yaşama olan etkilerine, sanal ortamdan doğru ve güvenilir bilgiye nasıl ulaşılabileceğine, sanal ortamdan elde edilen bilgilerin güvenilirliğini sorgulamaya ve bilimsel etiğe ilişkin öğrencilerin bilgi ve farkındalıklarını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiği tespit edilmiştir.
İngilizce Öğretim Programında Önerilen Öğrenen Merkezli Yöntemlerin Akademik Başarıya Etkisi: Bir Meta-analiz Çalışması
Authors: ÜZÜM Burhan , ÖZBEK Ramazan
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmada, İngilizce öğretim programında öngörülen öğrenen merkezli yöntemlerin yabancı dil öğrenmede öğrenenlerin akademik başarılarına etkisini meta-analiz yöntemiyle incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Belirlenen dâhil edilme ve hariç tutulma kriterlerine göre alanyazın taraması yapılmış olup toplam 234 bireysel çalışma ve bu çalışmalardan elde edilen 260 etki büyüklüğü analize tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmada yayım yanlılığının test edilmesinde huni grafiği ve orman grafiği, Rosenthal Classic fail-safe N, Orwin fail-safe N ve Duval ve Tweedie Kırp Doldur yöntemleriyle hem görsel olarak yorumlanmış hem de istatistiksel olarak test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak yayım yanlılığı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, Rastgele etkiler modeli kullanılarak analizler gerçekleştirilmiş olup yabancı dil öğretiminde öğrenen merkezli yöntemlerin öğrenenlerin akademik başarıları üzerinde geniş bir etkiye (g=0.951, %95 GA [0.852-1.049], p<0.000) sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmada akademik başarı için yayım yılı, araştırmanın yürütüldüğü yer, yayım türü, uygulanan yöntem, dil beceri alanı, öğretim kademesi, İngilizcenin çalışmanın yürütüldüğü yerde resmi dil olup olmaması, uygulama süresi ve örneklem büyüklüğü moderatör olarak belirlenmiştir. Etki büyüklüklerini farklılaştırmada yayım yılı, yayım türü, dil beceri alanı, öğretim kademesi, İngilizcenin resmi dil olup/olmama durumu, uygulama süresi ve örneklem büyüklüğünün önemli birer değişken olduğu görülmüştür.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: DURUALP Enver
Published: July 2023

Araştırmada, öğretmen adaylarının toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik tutumları bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmiştir. Bu araştırma, nicel yönteme dayalı tarama modelinde bir araştırmadır. Eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim gören toplam 317 öğretmen adayı, uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle araştırmanın çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında “Genel Bilgi Formu” ve “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler etik onay alındıktan sonra, yüz yüze yöntemle toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde, ortalama gibi betimsel istatistikler ile Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde, öğretmen adaylarının toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarında doğum yeri ve yaşadığı yere, doğduğu ve yaşadığı yerin gelişmişlik düzeyine, 18 yaşına kadar birlikte yaşadığı kişilere ve gelir algısına göre anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Buna göre il ve ilçe merkezlerinde doğanların evlilikte cinsiyet; gelişmiş yerlerde doğanların eşitlikçi cinsiyet; il merkezlerinde yaşayanların eşitlikçi, kadın cinsiyet, evlilikte cinsiyet ve geleneksel cinsiyet; gelişmiş yerlerde yaşayanların eşitlikçi ve geleneksel cinsiyet; 18 yaşına kadar ailesiyle yaşayanların eşitlikçi ve erkek cinsiyet ve orta gelir algısına sahip olanların evlilikte cinsiyet ve geleneksel cinsiyet rollerine ait tutum puanlarının yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.
Zihinsel Şemalar Bağlamında Solfej Öğretiminde Müzikal Haritalar ve Öğrenme Stratejileri
Authors: ERGİN TALAKA Elçin
Published: July 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, solfej öğretiminde kullanılan müziksel harita ve öğrenme stratejilerini zihinsel şemalar bağlamında incelemektir. Araştırma, mesleki müzik eğitimi alan 1. ve 2. sınıf öğrencilerinden oluşan 32 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada durum çalışması deseni ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak iki bölümden oluşan görüşme formu 32 kişiden oluşan öğrenci grubuna uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, frekans ve yüzde tablolarına dönüştürülmüş ve içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda en sık kullanılan stratejilerin dikkat ve tekrarlama olduğu, öğrencilerin teorik bilgileri zihinlerinde canlandırma konusunda yeterli olmadıkları ve notaları okurken yaşanan sorunların farkında olmadıkları belirlenmiştir.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Afetlere Yönelik Tutum Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DOĞAN İbrahim Halil , KAYA Fatih , AYDIN Mesut
Published: July 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının afetlere yönelik tutum düzeylerini incelemektir. Nicel bir yöntemin izlendiği araştırmada, tarama ve nedensel karşılaştırma modelleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında İnönü Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adayları oluştururken, evren içerisinde yer alan 144 kadın ve 57 erkek olmak üzere toplam 201 öğretmen adayı ise araştırmanın örneklemi olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi belirlenirken tabakalı seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında İnönü Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören 1., 2., 3. ve 4. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adayları, her sınıf kademesinde belirli oranda seçkisiz olarak araştırmanın kapsamına alınmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, Türkan ve Kılıç (2017) tarafından geliştirilen “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bilişsel, Duyuşsal ve Davranışsal Boyutta Afetlere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde, “Bağımsız Gruplar T (Independent-Samples T)”, “Tek Yönlü ANOVA (One-Way ANOVA)” ve betimsel istatistiki testler uygulanmış ve bu kapsamda SPSS 24.0 yazılım paket programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde ise Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının afetlere yönelik tutum düzeylerinin genel anlamda yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Post COVID-19 Immunization Herpes Zoster Reactivation In Asia : A Literature Review
Authors: Ulfa Nurul Nisa , Safarina Danisa Diandra , Riyanto Puguh
Published: July 2023

Background: The COVID-19 vaccine that targets viral mRNA has been created and can be used as an effort to end the COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world since 2020. The COVID-19 vaccine currently being developed has proven its effectiveness and safety in the general adult population.Objective: To identify reactivation of Herpes Zoster virus post COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: This article review discusses four case reports of Herpes Zoster following the COVID-19 immunization in Asia which were obtained from various sources such as Pubmed Medline Embase.Results: The mRNA-type vaccine is associated with skin manifestations with an increased incidence (14.4%) of Herpes Zoster which was observed around 6-8 days after administration of the first dose of vaccine (BNT162b2 vaccine) and 1.5% after administration of the mRNA- 1273 which occurred in the Asian Oceanian race. COVID-19 vaccine substances such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), the polysorbate present in mRNA vaccines, and polysorbate 80 are suspected causing an allergic reactions.Conclusion: Health workers must be careful in administering the COVID-19 vaccine, especially to individuals who have risk factors that can decrease their immune system so it can cause reactivation of Herpes Zoster.
Anatomy Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wicaksono Arif
Published: July 2023

Background: Anatomy learning required practice to understanding and comprehend. Anatomical practice used aids such as cadaver. Cadaver was a corpse preserved for anatomy learning. Practice using cadavers was a way of studying the human body with very real details and experiences and must be done offline. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had limited lives, learning, and practice due to the risk of transmission. The interest in understanding some material offline must be facilitated with a supportive environment by medical institutions.Objective: This study will provide recommendation in implementing safe anatomy practice during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This article used literature review of anatomical practice and health protocols from books, journals, and guides from home and abroadResults: offline anatomy practice using cadaver should be implemented to help student understand human body more specific and more detail.Conclusion: Health protocol should and can be implemented in offline anatomy practice during COVID-19 pandemic. Anatomy practice can be performed during pandemic using strict health protocols.
Factors Affecting Drug Use in the Household Environment During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Maulany Raditiya Firda , Annisaa' Eva , Dianingati Ragil Setia
Published: July 2023

Background:Inappropriate use of drugs is a big problem all over the world. The COVID-19 pandemic causes people to be easily influenced by information circulating about drugs that are efficacious to ward off COVID-19 so that many people consume excess drugs to protect themselves from COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has also caused people to take health supplements to protect themselves from COVID-19.Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence drug use during the COVID pandemic.Methods:This research was an observational study with a cross sectional design. Sample was 115 respondents chosen by purposive sampling. Bivariate statistical test used was chi-square and multivariate test used was binary logistic regression. Results:Bivariate analysis result showed that age and distance from health care service did not significantly affect the drug use (p value > 0,05). Education, occupation, income, knowledge were significantly influence the drug use (p value < 0,05). In the multivariate analysis, the OR for education was 4,807, OR for occupation was 4,612, OR for income was 0.146. OR for knowledge 3,400.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the factors that significantly affect the use of drugs in the household environment of the Kota Sub-District Kudus Regency during the COVID-19 pandemic are occupation, education, income and knowledge
Case Report: Enterocutanic Fistle
Authors: Syafruddin Syafruddin , Ayuna Della Vega Nisha , Arif M Fathul
Published: July 2023

Fistula is an abnormal connection between a channel with another channel (internal fistula), or a channel with the outside through the skin (externa fistula). A male, 48 years old, came to the RSUCM Hospital with complaints of discharge from the wound after a hernia operation on the left hip since 1 month at the SMRS. The liquid comes out in small increments, spontaneously, in lumps the size of corn kernels, blackish brown and sometimes greenish yellow, and smells bad. Surgical scars are often inflamed since 6 months after hernia surgery and have often been constipated since the operation. History of hypertension and diabetes mellitus since 4 years ago, not in control and not taking medication regularly. On physical examination, vital signs revealed hypertension. On physical examination, the status of the left iliac a/rillois was seen, an open wound measuring 1x1.5 cm, smelly discharge (+), felt warm, edema (+), NT (+). On complete blood laboratory examination, found within normal limits. At the time of colonoscopy.
CASE REPORT : A 30-YEAR-OLD FEMALE IN THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCY WITH VARICELLA
Authors: Pulungan Ahmad Fikri , Mellaratna Wizar Putri
Published: July 2023

Background Varicella (chickenpox) is a common childhood disease, but if it develops during pregnancy, it can have serious and undesirable consequences, including congenital varicella syndrome, maternal VZV pneumonia, and neonatal varicella infection; this can lead to feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. Antiviral therapy and appropriate supportive care improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. This case report provides an overview of varicella-zoster virus infection during pregnancy.Case Presentation: We present a case, a 30-year-old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy came to the emergency department of Cut Meutia Hospital with complaint of vesicle with that was very itchy on the face and all over the body. The patient also complained fever, had no appetite, itching in the throat and coughing up phlegm.Conclusion: The patient was diagnosed with varicella caused by varicella zoster virus and treated with acyclovir.
Effect of Breadfruit Leaf Extract on Sperm Quality in Diabetic Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ilmansyah Rafi , Khairunnisa Ulya Hasna , Pangrukti Cendikia Sengkalaning , Rizaldi Rifki , Ariani Rr Mahayu Dewi , Hermawati Donna , Herlina Eka Chandra , Juniarto Acmad Zulfa
Published: July 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus can lead to various complications, one of the most devastating complications is infertility. Meanwhile, the antioxidant compounds of breadfruit leaves have been shown to help heal oxidative stress and therefore prevent infertility in diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of breadfruit leaves in improving sperm quality parameters in male diabetic Wistar rats.Methods: In this study, twenty four male rats were used and were classified into four groups. Two of the four groups were alloxan-induced diabetics and were treated with a graded dose of breadfruit leaf extract. The two control groups received no therapy and the treatment was administered for 30 days. The rats were terminated after day 31 and sperm concentration, morphology, motility, and spermatogenesis were examined. Result: The results showed that breadfruit leaves increase sperm quality parameter levels compared to the control groups. The group that received a 400 mg/kg dose of breadfruit leaves showed the most significant improvement in terms of the level of sperm parameters compared to the other group that received a dose of 100 mg/kg breadfruit leaves. Conclusions: The protective effect of breadfruit leaves significantly reduced sperm damage caused by diabetes mellitus in Wistar Rats.
CASE REPORT : FISH BONE CORPAL IN ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Amri Adilla Afra , Fahrizal Fahrizal
Published: July 2023

Esophageal foreign bodies are sharp or blunt objects or food that gets stuck and wedged in the esophagus due to being swallowed either intentionally or accidentally.A 53-year-old male patient arrived complaining of constant, worsening swallowing pain that has persisted for the past four days. The discomfort was initially experienced above the throat, but after attempting several traditional procedures to remove the bones, the pain was felt to shift to the region below the throat. Before going to the hospital, Patient has a history of consuming tuna bones. A fishbone was found in the esophagus area after an esophagoscopy was done.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERSONAL HYGIENE ON THE SEVERITY OF ACNE VULGARIS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS WAHID HASYIM UNIVERSITY
Authors: Oktaviani Ariska , Shahab Fatinah
Published: July 2023

Background: Acne vulgaris generally occurs in men and women, adolescents, and young adults. it is caused by propionibacterium acnes, which is an anaerobic bacteria that is gram-positive. There are other factors that cause acne such as hormones, oily, and dirty skin from dust and air pollution. The incidence of acne vulgaris can be influenced by the level of poor personal hygiene. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and the severity of acne vulgaris among students of Faculty Medicine, Wahid Hasyim University, Semarang. Methods: The study was conducted on 45 students in the Faculty of Medicine, Wahid Hasyim University, Semarang using a cross-sectional method with a simple random sampling technique. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires. Results: There was a significant relationship between personal hygiene and the degree of severity of acne vulgaris. The chi-square statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.015 (p-value< 0.05). Conclusion: Students should always maintain and improve personal hygiene by bathing regularly 2 times a day, changing clothes 2 times a day, washing hands after activities, using personal towels and drying in the sun after use, and always maintaining the cleanliness of the bed by changing bed sheets regularly and periodically.
How different reproduction protocols can affect the germination of seeds: The case of three stenoendemic species on Mt. Olympus (NC Greece)
Authors: Varsamis Georgios , Merou Theodora , Tseniklidou Katerina , Goula Katerina , Tsiftsis Spyros
Published: July 2023

Mt. Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece, is a biosphere reserve and a magnet for countless visitors. In the wider area of Olympus, at least 1,700 species and subspecies of plants are recorded, 26 of which are endemic. Most of the endemics only occur in the high or subalpine zone, which is expected to be strongly affected by climate change or in specific microsites that might be affected by several other factors. Thus, the unique flora of the mountain will probably become extinct. Ex situ conservation can be utilized to prevent and even reverse this trend and preserve plant diversity for future generations. The aim of the present study was to develop reproduction protocols for the endemic species on Mt. Olympus, Centaurea incompleta, Centaurea litochorea and Viola striis-notata, to facilitate their mass production, either for ex situ conservation or reintroduction into their natural habitats, if necessary. Seeds of the target species were collected in summer 2021. In a sample of the collected seeds, the embryo viability was checked using sequentially 1% w/v tetrazolium solution and Evans blue solution concentration of 0.25% w/v. As for the germination tests, two treatments were used to terminate seed dormancy: (a) cold stratification at } 2 °C, and (b) imbibition in gibberellic acid (250 ppm) for 48 hours. The results showed that more than 75% of the embryos in the fertile seeds were viable. In the seed germination tests, treatment with gibberellic acid resulted in germination percentages for Centaurea incompleta and Viola striis-notata are equal to or very close to the seed viability percentage. In contrast, no treatment was successful for Centaurea litochorea, as the control germination percentage was higher.
Theory or philosophy of law?
Authors: Woleński Jan
Published: July 2023

The article discusses the theory of law in terms of the extent to which it is part of jurisprudence, on the one hand, and a philosophical pursuit, on the other. The question is explored considering the historical development of the legal sciences and the situation of Polish theory of law in the latter half of the twentieth century. Also, the author relies on the analysis of selected theoreticallegal concepts, notably the so-called multiplane theory of law and the views thought of Zygmunt Ziembiński. The conclusions suggest that philosophy is inevitable in jurisprudence.
Values in Zygmunt Ziembiński’s theory of legal interpretation: sources
Authors: Kordela Marzena
Published: July 2023

The early phase of Zygmunt Ziembiński’s theory of law interpretation was developed between the late 1950s and early 1970s. From the very outset, values would feature permanently in the theory as components of the axiological system of the legislator. Certain values, such as legal certainty and the correspondence between law and social life, became central to two interpretations: static and dynamic interpretation, respectively. Ziembiński was the first Polish legal theorist to define functional interpretation as a paradigm that invokes the legislator’s values. As he argued, two types of functional interpretation: analogia legis or extensive interpretation have their effect anchored in the adopted values, thus preventing cases which happen to be strongly justified axiologically by such values from being excluded from regulation. Values also enable identification of the norms-conclusions derived through analogia juris and argumentaa fortiori. By providing grounds for the postulation of the rule of law, values ultimately safeguard the legal system from abuse.
SİVİL TOPLUM SEKTÖRÜNDE YENİ ÖRGÜTLENME MODELİ: SOSYAL GİRİŞİMCİLİK
Authors: AKTAŞ Ülkü Neslihan , GİDERLER Memduh Eren , AKDEVE Erdal
Published: July 2023

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, sivil toplum sektörünün toplumsal katkı misyonundaki dönüşümünün sosyal girişimcilik olgusuyla anlaşılmasını sağlamaktır. Sivil toplum kuruluşları tarafından hangi alanlarda sosyal girişimcilik faaliyetleri yürütüldüğü ve sivil toplum sektörünün sosyal girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesi aşamasında hangi sorunlarla karşılaştığının keşfedilmesine yönelik betimsel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu amaç kapsamında sivil toplumun önemi, Türkiye’de sivil toplumun gelişimi ve mevcut durumu, sivil toplum sektöründe derneklerin konumu ve sosyal girişimcilik konularında literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Sivil toplum sektöründe hangi alanlarda sosyal girişimcilik faaliyetleri yürütüldüğü ve sivil toplum sektörünün sosyal girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesi aşamasında hangi sorunlarla karşılaştığı sorularına cevap verecek şekilde veri toplama yöntemi saptanmıştır. Bu araştırma kapsamında Türkiye’de sivil toplum sektöründe sosyal girişimcilik kapasitesinin hangi seviyede olduğu sorgulanmış ve sosyal girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin mevcut durumuna yönelik veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamının Türkiye olması ve ülkedeki sosyal girişimlerin büyük çoğunluğunun dernek tüzel kişiliğine sahip olması sebebiyle sivil toplum sektörü özelinde derneklerin incelenmesi uygun görülmüştür. Hazırlanan soru setleri ile bir anket formu oluşturulmuş ve Türkiye’nin çeşitli illerinde farklı alanlarda faaliyet gösteren derneklere uygulanmıştır. Anket çalışması sonucu elde edilen veriler değerlendirilerek sivil toplum sektöründeki sosyal girişimcilik olgusuna dair bir çerçeve sunulmuştur.
Nudging Pro-social Behavior in a Market Experiment with Carbon Offsets
Authors: McEvoy David , Cherry Todd L. , Mohr Tanga M.
Published: July 2023

This study uses controlled experiments to analyze the effectiveness of peer-comparison nudges to promote pro-social behavior. Participants make decisions as consumers in a simple posted-offer market (i.e. buyers are price takers) in which reducing consumption produces positive externalities through the purchase of carbon offsets. We analyze the effectiveness of the nudge under two common pricing schemes (ratepaying and non-ratepaying customers), and examine heterogeneous impacts depending on consumers’ concern about climate change and cultural worldviews. Our findings show that on average peer-comparison nudges are equally effective policy tools in both pricing environments. However, the nudges are only effective for those participants concerned about climate change, and for those with individualist or hierarchical worldviews.
Agent based modeling in health care economics: examples in the field of thyroid cancer
Authors: Demeulemeester Romain , Savy Nicolas , Grosclaude Pascale , Costa Nadège , Saint-Pierre Philippe
Published: July 2023

Although they remain little used in the field of Health Care Economics, Agent Based Models (ABM) are potentially powerful decision-making tools that open up great prospects. The reasons for this lack of popularity are essentially to be found in a methodology that should be further clarified. This article hence aims to illustrate the methodology by means of two applications to medical examples. The first example of ABM illustrates the construction of a Baseline Data Cohort by means of a Virtual Baseline Generator. The aim is to describe the prevalence of thyroid cancer in the French population over the long term according to different scenarios of evolution of this population. The second study considers a setting where the Baseline Data Cohort is an established cohort of (real) patients: the EVATHYR cohort. The aim of the ABM is to describe the long-term costs associated with different scenarios of thyroid cancer management. The results are evaluated using several simulation runs in order to observe the variability of simulations and to derive prediction intervals. The ABM approach is very flexible since several sources of data can be involved and a large variety of simulation models can be calibrated to generate observations according to different evolution scenarios.
The first person prefixes in South Ethio-Semitic
Authors: Bulakh Maria
Published: July 2023

South Ethio-Semitic (SES) is a genealogical branch of Ethio-Semitic (ES), a subgroup of Semitic found almost entirely in Ethiopia and Eritrea. The paper considers two features characteristic of several South Ethio-Semitic languages. Firstly, the Prefix Conjugation displays a common 1sg/1plprefix in various SES languages. Secondly, an innovative 1plsuffix is often employed in the Prefix Conjugation. In forms with 1sg/1plsyncretism, this suffix takes over the functional load of the plural marker. Both features are innovative in SES, and their absence from a number of languages in each of the main subbranches suggests areal diffusion rather than a shared innovation going back to the Proto-SES level. In former studies, it has been suggested that the innovative 1plsuffix was borrowed from Cushitic and that its introduction has triggered the 1sg/1plsyncretism. This hypothesis is critically reassessed in the present paper, which considers in detail various patterns of 1sg/1plsyncretism and various patterns of its interaction with the 1plsuffix, and offers a tentative reconstruction of their emergence and spread in the languages in question.
Adpositions and adpositional relator nouns in Akebu
Authors: Shluinsky Andrey
Published: July 2023

This paper presents an overview, based on field data, of the adpositional system in Akebu, a Kwa (Ghana-Togo Mountain) language of West Africa. Like other Kwa languages, Akebu has both linear types of adpositions. Prepositions are not numerous and are fully grammaticalized. Two prepositions are used very widely, one of them expressing a comitative meaning and a number of related ones, the other having a generalized locative meaning, as well as other ones. In contrast, postpositions are more numerous, but most of them are weakly grammaticalized relator nouns that express the meanings of locational orientations and keep nominal morphology and independent uses. Still, grammaticalized postpositions are also present, the most common of them being a postposition that expresses apudessive, i.e. near, next to, orientation.
Melting intestines, red hearts, and scattering eyes: exploring embodiment in the Efik feeling lexica
Authors: Mensah Eyo O. , Dzokoto Vivian Afi
Published: July 2023

Languages feature labels used to name various feeling states, referred to as emotion lexica. Language-specific linguistic features patterned after culturally-shaped templates such as somatic referencing, make each emotion lexicon unique. This study investigates somatic referencing in the emotion lexicon of the Efik ethnolinguistic group obtained through ethnographic linguistic fieldwork in South-eastern Nigeria. Our analysis revealed that in the Efik language, nearly fifty body-centered lexemes serve as the primary labels for a variety of feeling states. The identified emotion terms incorporated specific body parts, various parts of the face, as well as the generalized body. In each instance, the body referent constituted part of the internal structure of the feeling label. Our findings complement existing emotion research examining the cultural scripting of emotion experiences as well as their expression and communication.