bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atom‐Precise Heteroatom Core‐Tailoring of Nanoclusters for Enhanced Solar Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Bootharaju Megalamane Siddaramappa , Lee Chan Woo , Deng Guocheng , Kim Hyeseung , Lee Kangjae , Lee Sanghwa , Chang Hogeun , Lee Seongbeom , Sung Yung‐Eun , Yoo Jong Suk , Zheng Nanfeng , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: February 2023

While core–shell nanomaterials are highly desirable for realizing enhanced optical and catalytic properties, their synthesis with atomic‐level control is challenging. Here, the synthesis and crystal structure of [Au12Ag32(SePh)30]4−, the first example of selenolated Au–Ag core–shell nanoclusters, comprising a gold icosahedron core trapped in a silver dodecahedron, which is protected by an Ag12(SePh)30 shell, is presented. The gold core strongly modifies the overall electronic structure and induces synergistic effects, resulting in high enhancements in the stability and near‐infrared‐II photoluminescence. The Au12Ag32 and its homometal analog Ag44, show strong interactions with oxygen vacancies of TiO2, facilitating the interfacial charge transfer for photocatalysis. Indeed, the Au12Ag32/TiO2 exhibits remarkable solar H2 production (6810 µmol g−1 h−1), which is ≈6.2 and ≈37.8 times higher than that of Ag44/TiO2 and TiO2, respectively. Good stability and recyclability with minimal catalytic activity loss are additional features of Au12Ag32/TiO2. The experimental and computational results reveal that the Au12Ag32 acts as an efficient cocatalyst by possessing a favorable electronic structure that aligns well with the TiO2 bands for the enhanced separation of photoinduced charge carriers due to the relatively negatively charged Au12 core. These atomistic insights will motivate uncovering of the structure–catalytic activity relationships of other nanoclusters.
Band Engineering of the Second Phase to Reach High Thermoelectric Performance in Cu2Se‐Based Composite Material
Authors: Long Zhi , Wang Yajun , Sun Xiaoling , Li Yitong , Zeng Zhiwei , Zhang Lin , Chen Hongyi
Published: February 2023

Hitherto, Cu2Se incorporated with a dispersed second phase shows extremely low thermal conductivity and excellent thermoelectric properties. However, the significant mismatch in electronic band structure between the second phases and the matrix often causes a deterioration of carrier mobility. In this work, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electronic band structure of the second phase is adjusted through doping S and Te. It is found that Cu2Se0.88S0.06Te0.06 has a highly similar electronic band structure to the Cu2Se matrix, which results in high carrier mobility and power factor in Cu2Se‐based composite materials. Additionally, the dispersed second‐phase Cu2Se0.88S0.06Te0.06, dislocations, and nanograins are observed in the Cu2Se/5 wt% Cu2Se0.88S0.06Te0.06 product, which leads to a substantial reduction in the thermal conductivity. Finally, high figure of merit (zT) values of 2.04 (by Dulong–Petit heat capacity) and 2.34 (by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measured heat capacity) are achieved at 850 K, which are about 65% higher than that of Cu2Se in this work and comparable to the recently reported p‐type Cu2Se with outstanding performance.
Magnetic‐Force‐Induced‐Luminescent Effect in Flexible ZnS:Cu/PDMS/NdFeB Composite
Authors: PourhosseiniAsl MohammadJavad , Berbille Andy , Wang Shuyang , Yu Zhonghui , Li Zhanmiao , Ren Kailiang , Dong Shuxiang
Published: February 2023

The force‐induced light‐emitting phenomenon in polymer composites plays an important role in the soft electronic field due to its display function. Here, a magnetic‐force‐induced‐luminescence (MFIL) effect is reported in ZnS:Cu particle‐doped polydimethylsiloxane incorporated with a NdFeB magnetic tip mass for real‐time incident magnetic field strength light‐emitting display. Investigations show that the luminescence intensity increases nearly linear in response to the applied AC magnetic field, HAC; meanwhile, the minimum HAC for inducing MFIL is as low as 0.1 mT (1 Oe) at the resonance. The MFIL effect is 1000 times better and more energy‐efficient than the best result published previously. The findings, thus, indicate that the MFIL effect could serve as an effective method for light‐emitting display triggered by HAC; MFIL essentially originates from the donor–acceptor recombination between shallow donor level and the t2 level of Cu2 in ZnS:Cu semiconductor particles. The present results could, thus, provide a viable pathway toward multifunctional flexible electronic designs and applications, especially toward those for the real‐time visualization of remote magnetic field sensing.
Dual‐Modal Iridium‐Based Self‐Immolative Chemosensors for Differential Responses against Reactive Oxygen Species and their Applications to Detect Diabetes
Authors: Yoon Hey Young , Bak Yecheol , Park Seung Bin , Cheekatla Subba Rao , Shin Kyung Ho , Kim Sehoon , Lee Jun‐Seok
Published: February 2023

In diabetes, platelets are activated by several stimuli, and the activated platelets generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce the aggregation of platelets followed by thrombus formation resulting in various cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, detecting ROS perturbations in platelets can provide a clue to diagnosing diabetes. In this paper, iridium‐based self‐immolative probes (1a‐1c) are reported to monitor perturbations of ROS in the blood through photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The probes are designed based on an iridium complex conjugated with phenylboronic acid pinacol ester through carbamate moiety. Three probes contain distinct electron‐withdrawing groups at the ortho‐position in the benzyl linker; thus, subtle reactivity differences are expected against ROS. As expected, all three probes exhibit the most apparent PL changes against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but their response patterns against ROS are interestingly distinctive. Utilizing such differential ROS responsive pattern, a discrimination strategy is established using a combination of PL and ECL responses, and discrimination of platelets from diabetic and control rats is successfully demonstrated.
Divergent Coupling of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐Indandiones with Alkenes Enabled by Iodine Catalyst
Authors: Shi Yue , Wang Di , Sun Ruzhong , Chen Xin , Xu Xuefeng , Xie Haiquan , Zhang Xu
Published: February 2023

Herein, we report an iodine‐catalyzed protocol for cross‐coupling of 2‐aryl‐1,3‐indandiones with alkenes. Divergent reactivity was achieved in the transformation by varying additives and solvents, thus allowing selective access to tertiary alkylated ketones and alkenes. The present approach features commercially available starting materials, broad substrate scope, general functional‐group (including halogen, ester, nitrile, thioether) tolerance. Furthermore, we proposed plausible pathways to rationalize the divergent selectivity through preliminary mechanism study.

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Ex Vivo Liver Machine Perfusion Reduces the Length of Hospital Stay in Recipients of Allografts from Elderly Donors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boerger Leonard , Hillebrandt Karl H. , Czigany Zoltan , Lurje Georg , Gassner Joseph M.G.V. , Patel Madhukar S. , Pratschke Johann , Sauer Igor M. , Raschzok Nathanael , Moosburner Simon
Published: February 2023

Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment option for end‐stage liver disease. As the population ages worldwide, utilization of grafts from elderly donors has the potential to expand the donor pool. Unfortunately, these allografts are associated with increased rates of primary non‐function and early allograft dysfunction. Ex vivo machine perfusion (MP) may be a promising technique to overcome these challenges. A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov is presented for trials comparing MP to static cold storage for elderly human allografts (≥70 years) (PROSPERO ID352930). Six clinical trials (n = 1189 patients) are included. Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) is used in five trials and normothermic MP (NMP) in one trial. There is limited evidence that machine perfusion has the potential to mitigate the risks associated with older livers and shorten the length of hospital stay after transplantation. There is no evidence to support superiority of one perfusion type or differences in patient and graft survival. Risk of bias is high, and level of evidence is limited regarding MP of allografts form elderly donors. Nevertheless, MP is associated with length of hospital stay. Further research is warranted to analyze MP for allografts of older age.
National winter oilseeds review for potential in the US Mid‐South: Pennycress, Canola, and Camelina
Authors: Keadle Stefanie B. , Sykes Virginia R. , Sams Carl E. , Yin Xinhua , Larson James A. , Grant Jerome F.
Published: February 2023

Winter oilseeds are cool season Brassica crops currently being grown in the upper Midwest and North‐West of the United States. They have the potential to function as dual crops when grown in rotation with corn, soybean, and small grains. They provide many of the benefits of typical cover crops over winter, with the added benefit of extra revenue to growers who sell the seeds for uses such as biofuel, industrial products, human consumption, or animal feed. This review gathers current agronomic and industrial use information about canola (Brassica napus L.), camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz], and pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.). Currently, most research involving these crops is specific to the Midwest. This review also poses questions regarding how these crops could be adapted to grow in the Mid‐South, with further research being necessary in several areas before promoting adoption in the region.
A Compartmentalized Nanoreactor Formed by Interfacial Hydrogelation for Cascade Enzyme Catalytic Therapy
Authors: He Xingyue , Wu Qing , Hou Chen , Hu Min , Wang Qigang , Wang Xia
Published: February 2023

Some cellular enzymatic pathways are located within a single organelle, while most others involve enzymes that are located within multiple compartmentalized cellular organelles to realize the efficient multi‐step enzymatic process. Herein, bioinspired by enzyme‐mediated biosynthesis and biochemical defense, a compartmented nanoreactor (Burr‐NCs@GlSOD) was constructed through a self‐confined catalysis strategy with burr defect‐engineered molybdenum disulfide/Prussian blue analogues (MoS2/PBA) and an interfacial diffusion‐controlled hydrogel network. The specific catalytic mechanism of the laccase‐like superactivity induced hydrogelation and cascade enzyme catalytic therapy were explored. The confined hydrogelation strategy introduces a versatile means for nanointerface functionalization and provides insight into biological construction of simulated enzymes with comparable activity and also the specificity to natural enzymes.
Heterostructures with Built‐in Electric Fields for Long‐lasting Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Huilin , Chen Yang , Hua Wei , Gu Wenjun , Zhuang Hongjun , Li Huiyan , Jiang Xingwu , Mao Ying , Liu Yanyan , Jin Dayong , Bu Wenbo
Published: February 2023

Sustained signal activation by hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) has great significance, especially for tumor treatment, but remains challenging. Here, a built‐in electric field (BIEF)‐driven strategy was proposed for sustainable generation of ⋅OH, thereby achieving long‐lasting chemodynamic therapy (LCDT). As a proof of concept, a novel Janus‐like Fe@Fe3O4−Cu2O heterogeneous catalyst was designed and synthesized, in which the BIEF induced the transfer of electrons in the Fe core to the surface, reducing ≡Cu2+ to ≡Cu+, thus achieving continuous Fenton‐like reactions and ⋅OH release for over 18 h, which is approximately 12 times longer than that of Fe3O4−Cu2O and 72 times longer than that of Cu2O nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo antitumor results indicated that sustained ⋅OH levels led to persistent extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signal activation and irreparable oxidative damage to tumor cells, which promoted irreversible tumor apoptosis. Importantly, this strategy provides ideas for developing long‐acting nanoplatforms for various applications.
Post‐synthetic Chemical Fixation of Fe2+ in MOF to Prepare Fe2N‐Embedded N‐Doped Graphene Nanoribbons for Superior Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xu Wenli , Yang Limeng , Li Liangjun , Shao Junwei , Liu Tao , Xing Tao , Wang Muzhou , Li Zhi , Wu Mingbo
Published: February 2023

The construction of efficient non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with controlled structures and active sites is of fundamental importance for the wide utilization of hydrogen fuel cells. Herein, we report a controllable chemical fixation strategy that enables the simultaneous optimization in both of local and external structure of the Fe−N−C catalyst. The post‐synthetic single‐atomic chemical fixation of Fe2+ ions in coordinated‐free bi‐pyridine sites combined with the carbonation afford a Fe2N‐embedded N‐doped graphene nanoribbon (Fe2N/NGNR) with dispersing Fe2N nanoparticles embedded in NGNR. When used as ORR electrocatalyst, Fe2N/NGNR exhibits a half‐wave potential of 0.87 V and 0.79 V vs. RHE in alkaline and acid medium, respectively, comparable to commercial Pt/C (20 wt%) catalysts. The prominent ORR activity of Fe2N/NGNR is verified an H2‐O2 fuel cell which displayed a peak power density of 307.7 mW/cm2 when using the Fe2N/NGNR as the catalyst in the cathode electrode.
An integrative analytical approach designed for feasible tranexamic acid assay using o‐phthalaldehyde as a fluorogenic probe: applications to tablets, ampoules, and urine
Authors: El Hamd Mohamed A. , Alshehri Sultan , Abu‐hassan Ahmed A.
Published: February 2023

Antifibrinolytic tranexamic acid (TRX) suppresses plasminogen activation to plasmin in a competitive way. TRX is approved for the management of heavy menstrual periods, hereditary angioedema, hemophilia, postpartum hemorrhage, surgery, tooth extraction, and severe blood loss after acute trauma. Here, the practical use of an isoindole derivative was established for a novel, easy‐to‐use, and affordable TRX assay. In the presence of a molecule containing a sulfhydryl group (2‐mercaptoethanol) 0.02% v/v, the primary amine moiety in TRX allows its combination with o‐phthalaldehyde to produce a luminous product. Excitation (338.8 nm) and emission (433.9 nm) wavelengths were used to monitor the isoindole fluorophore yield, and each operational variable was carefully examined and adjusted. The calibration graph was constructed with fluorescence intensity versus TRX concentration, excellent linearity was observed at concentrations between 40 and 950 ng/ml, and limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 41.3 and 13.6 ng/ml, respectively. The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines were used to validate the method. The developed method for TRX assay in various dosage forms and urine was successfully implemented and was shown to be an effective, simple, and quick replacement for the TRX assay in clinical trials and quality control.
Cryotherapy for partial gland ablation of prostate cancer: Oncologic and safety outcomes
Authors: Aker Mamdouh N. , Brisbane Wayne G. , Kwan Lorna , Gonzalez Samantha , Priester Alan M. , Kinnaird Adam , Delfin Merdie K. , Felker Ely , Sisk Anthony E. , Kuppermann David , Marks Leonard S.
Published: February 2023

Background

Partial gland ablation (PGA) is a new option for treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Cryotherapy, an early method of PGA, has had favorable evaluations, but few studies have employed a strict protocol using biopsy endpoints in men with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Methods

143 men with unilateral csPCa were enrolled in a prospective, observational trial of outpatient PGA‐cryotherapy. Treatment was a 2‐cycle freeze of the affected prostate part. Participants were evaluated with MRI‐guided biopsy (MRGB) at baseline and at 6 months and 18 months after treatment. Absence of csPCa upon MRGB was the primary endpoint; quality‐of‐life at baseline and at 6 months after treatment was assessed by EPIC‐CP questionnaires in the domains of urinary and sexual function.

Results

Of the 143 participants, 136 (95%) completed MRGB at 6 months after treatment. In 103/136 (76%), the biopsy revealed no csPCa. Of the 103, 71 subsequently had an 18‐month comprehensive biopsy; of the 71 with 18‐month biopsies, 46 (65%) were found to have no csPCa. MRI lesions became undetectable in 96/130 (74%); declines in median serum PSA levels (6.9 to 2.5 ng/mL), PSA density (0.15 to 0.07), and prostate volume (42 to 34cc) were observed (all p < 0.01). Neither lesion disappearance on MRI nor PSA decline correlated with biopsy outcome. Urinary function was affected only slightly and sexual function moderately.

Conclusion

In the near to intermediate term, partial gland ablation with cryotherapy was found to be a safe and moderately effective treatment of intermediate‐risk prostate cancer. Eradication of cancer was better determined by MRI‐guided biopsy than by MRI or PSA.
Necrolytic acral erythema associated with hypothyroidism in hepatitis C virus seronegative patient
Authors: Baroudi Ihsan , Alakhras Ola , Alkasem Alaa , Douri Thaer
Published: February 2023

Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is a rare cutaneous sign of hepatitis C virus (HCV), which generally presents as circumscribed keratotic plaques on the extremities. Many studies reported NAE in the absence of HCV. This case presents a female diagnosed with NAE and hypothyroidism in the absence of HCV infection.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies of the Selective Hydrogenation of (E)‐Chalcones in Biomass‐Derived γ‐Valerolactone Catalyzed by Rh−PPh3 Complexes
Authors: Tóth Imre , Tukacs József M. , Mika László T.
Published: February 2023

γ‐Valerolactone as a renewable, polar aprotic solvent was evaluated in the selective hydrogenation of carbon‐carbon double bond of chalcones from both catalytic and mechanistic aspects. By using triphenylphosphine‐modified cationic rhodium catalyst systems reasonably high activities (TOFinitial∼1200 h−1) were achieved in the selective hydrogenation of (E)‐chalcone (CHL), as a common model substrate for α,β‐unsaturated ketones, to dihydrochalcone (DHC). Various derivatives of CHL, which were substituted on the styryl phenyl groups also showed exclusive selectivity for the hydrogenation of the C=C double bond. The optimal PPh3/Rh ratio was between 2.5 to 3, but higher ratios were advantageously also tolerated, which is beneficial for the process chemistry. The solvent GVL proved to stable enough under the reaction conditions for waste‐free recycling. Kinetic studies and NMR spectra from the analogous deuteration of chalcone by using the cationic Rh‐PPh3 system clearly show the olefin insertion as the rate‐determining step with definite irreversibility. By investigating the substituent effect on the phenyl ring of the styryl moiety of chalcone, a quasi‐linear correlation was found between the electronic parameters of the para‐substituents and the activity with electron donor groups being favorable for the reaction rate. In summary, an environmentally friendly and feasible method is presented for the production of valuable DHC intermediates in view of their pharmaceutical importance.
Thiophosphinoyl‐Tethered Ylide‐Substituted Heavier Carbenes: Synthesis, Structures and Stabilities
Authors: Jörges Mike , Gauld Richard M. , Steinert Henning , Kelling Leif , Swamy V. S. V. S. N. , Kroll Alexander , Mallick Bert , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: February 2023

The synthesis and structure analysis of a series of mono and diylide‐substituted tetrylenes of type YEX and Y2E (E=Ge, Sn, Pb; X=Cl or Br) using a thiophosphinoyl‐tethered metallated ylide (Y=Ph2P(S)−C−P(pip)Ph2 with pip=piperidyl) is reported, amongst the first ylide‐substituted plumbylenes. The tetrylenes feature distinct trends in the spectroscopic and structural properties of the ylide ligand with increasing atomic number of the tetrel element. For instance, an increasingly high‐field shifted signal for the thiophosphinoyl group is observed in the 31P{1H} NMR spectrum as a consequence of the increasing polarity of the element‐carbon bond, which likewise results in a shortening of the ylidic C−P bond in the solid‐state structure. The diylidyltetrylenes are unstable towards transylidation forming the mono(ylide)tetrylenes when treated with the tetrel dihalides according to the stability trend: Y2Pb<Y2Sn<Y2Ge<YPbBr<YSnCl<YGeCl. Starting from the monoylide‐substituted chlorotertrylenes the first unsymmetrical diylidyltetrylenes of type YEY’ can be accessed, whose solid‐state structures revealed that not the C−E but the S−E bond to the thiophosphinoyl group is most affected by the second ylide substituent.
Mechanistic Insights into Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution of CrOx/Rh Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Higashi Tomohiro , Seki Kazuhiko , Sasaki Yutaka , Pihosh Yuriy , Nandal Vikas , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Shibata Naoya , Domen Kazunari
Published: February 2023

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of Rh nanoparticles (RhNP) coated with an ultrathin layer of Cr‐oxides (CrOx) was investigated as a model electrode for the Cr2O3/Rh‐metal core‐shell‐type cocatalyst system for photocatalytic water splitting. The CrOx layer was electrodeposited over RhNP on a transparent conductive fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The CrOx layer on RhNP facilitates the electron transfer process at the CrOx/RhNP interface, leading to the increased current density for the HER. Impedance spectroscopic analysis revealed that the CrOx layer transferred protons via the hopping mechanism to the RhNP surface for HER. In addition, CrOx restricted electron transfer from the FTO to the electrolyte and/or RhNP and suppressed the backward reaction by limiting oxygen migration. This study clarifies the crucial role of the ultrathin CrOx layer on nanoparticulate cocatalysts and provides a cocatalyst design strategy for realizing efficient photocatalytic water splitting.
Biopolymer‐Based Nanocomposites for Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Systems: A Review
Authors: More Ramdev , Shukla Shatakshi , Garg Shashank , Singh Shalini , Shah Maulin P.
Published: February 2023

Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) has emerged as a contaminant of prime concern for the environmentalists because of its improper disposal by tannery, dye, and electroplating industries. Adsorption is the most exploited method for its removal from industrial wastewater because of its high removal efficiency even at low Cr(VI) concentration, minimal sludge, and ease of regeneration. In recent years, several adsorbents of biological origin such as plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria have been explored for Cr(VI) remediation. This review comprehends the recent studies involving usage of biopolymer‐based nano‐composites with respect to its adsorption mechanisms, adsorption capacities, isotherms, and kinetics. The conventional abiotic and biotic techniques for removal of Cr(VI) are also discussed with a comparative insight of their adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. Nano‐biocomposites integrate the functional properties of both nanoparticles and biopolymers, which make them efficient biosorbents. Nano‐biocomposites offer a large surface area, reduced particle loss, minimal particle agglomeration on the surface, and high stability. Common kinetic models among the nano‐biocomposites,  and various equilibrium models are also analyzed to understand the mode of adsorption and associated factors. These materials are mostly found to follow monolayer adsorption with ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, and surface complexation as major players in the process.
Optimized U‐Net convolutional neural network based breast cancer prediction for accuracy increment in big data
Authors: Kirola Madhu , Memoria Minakshi , Dumka Ankur
Published: February 2023

Big data is data collected with huge dimensions and continuous exponential growth over time. In recent years, big data in health care has been commonly used to predict diseases. Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases and the secondary cause of death among women. Early diagnosis of breast cancer can prevent the risk of death. Few types of research have been done on breast cancer prediction on big data. However, the traditional prediction models have less efficient in terms of accuracy and error rate. The Optimized U‐Net Convolutional neural network (OU‐NetCNN) model is proposed in this paper to overcome these challenges. Hadoop is the storage system generated to store the datasets samples for big data. The data samples from two datasets, namely BreakHis and Kaggle (Breast Histopathology Images), are preserved in this storage system. The BreakHis data are considered for further processes like pre‐processing, segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and classification from the stored data samples. The noise is removed from the histopathological breast images in pre‐processing using the adaptive fast peer‐group filtering (AFPGF) approach. Then the morphological operations such as erosion and dilation are used to eradicate unwanted portions and the quality of the image is enhanced using the improved balance contrast enhancement method (IBCE). Next, edges of breast images are detected using an adaptive artificial ecosystem optimization (AAEO) algorithm‐based edge detection approach in the segmentation process. The features are extracted using the Spatial Gray Level Dependence Matrix (SGLDM) and the optimal features are selected by the modified selfish herd optimization (MSHO) algorithm. Finally, the selected features are fed into the proposed OU‐NetCNN model to classify the histopathology images as benign and malignant images. This hybridization minimizes the error rate, computational complexity and over fitting issues. The simulation analysis is performed in the PYTHON tool. Two datasets, namely BreakHis and Kaggle (Breast Histopathology Images), are considered. Some of the measures such as precision, sensitivity, accuracy and F‐measure are considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and compared with existing approaches.
Hydrophobization of a TIP60 Protein Nanocage for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic Compounds
Authors: Yamashita Maika , Kawakami Norifumi , Miyamoto Kenji
Published: February 2023

Encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules in protein‐based nanocages is a promising approach for dispersing these molecules in water. Here, we report a chemical modification approach to produce a protein nanocage with a hydrophobic interior surface based on our previously developed nanocage, TIP60. The large pores of TIP60 act as tunnels for small molecules, allowing modification of the interior surface by hydrophobic compounds without nanocage disassembly. We used four different hydrophobic compounds for modification. The largest modification group tested, pyrene, resulted in a modified TIP60 that could encapsulate aromatic photosensitizer zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) more efficiently than the other modification compounds. The encapsulated ZnPC generated singlet oxygen upon light activation in the aqueous phase, whereas ZnPC alone formed inert aggregates under the same experimental conditions. Given that chemical modification allows a wider diversity of modifications than mutagenesis, this approach could be used to develop more suitable nanocages for encapsulating hydrophobic molecules of interest.
Photo‐Modulating CO2Uptake of Hypercross‐linked Polymers Upcycled from Polystyrene Waste
Authors: Liu Aotian , Mollart Catherine , Trewin Abbie , Fan Xianfeng , Lau Cher Hon
Published: February 2023

Incorporating photo‐switches into skeletal structures of microporous materials or as guest molecules yield photo‐responsive materials for low‐energy CO2capture but at the expense of lower CO2uptake. Here, we overcome this limitation by exploitingtrans–cisphotoisomerization of azobenzene loaded into the micropores of hypercross‐linked polymers (HCPs) derived from waste polystyrene. Azobenzene in HCP pores reduced CO2uptake by 19 %, reaching 37.7 cm3 g−1, but this loss in CO2uptake was not only recovered bytrans–cisphotoisomerization of azobenzene, but also increased by 22 %, reaching 56.9 cm3 g−1, when compared to as‐prepared HCPs. Computational simulations show that this increase in CO2uptake is due to photo‐controlled increments in 10–20 Å micropore volume, i. e., adsorption sites and a photo‐reversible positive dipole moment. Irradiating these HCPs with visual‐range light reverted CO2uptake to 33 cm3 g−1. This shows that it is feasible to recycle waste polystyrene into advanced materials for low‐energy carbon capture.
Dissecting the role of cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived biglycan as a potential therapeutic target in immunotherapy resistance: A tumor bulk and single‐cell transcriptomic study
Authors: Zheng Shaoquan , Liang Jie‐Ying , Tang Yuhui , Xie Jindong , Zou Yutian , Yang Anli , Shao Nan , Kuang Xiaying , Ji Fei , Liu Xuefeng , Tian Wenwen , Xiao Weikai , Lin Ying
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are correlated with the immunotherapy response. However, the culprits that link CAFs to immunotherapy resistance are still rarely investigated in real‐world studies.

Objectives

This study aims to systematically assess the landscape of fibroblasts in cancer patients by combining single‐cell and bulk profiling data from pan‐cancer cohorts. We further sought to decipher the expression, survival predictive value and association with immunotherapy response of biglycan (BGN), a proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix, in multiple cohorts.

Methods

Pan‐cancer tumor bulks and 27 single‐cell RNA sequencing cohorts were enrolled to investigate the correlations and crosstalk between CAFs and tumor or immune cells. Specific secreting factors of CAFs were then identified by expression profiling at tissue microdissection, isolated primary fibroblasts and single‐cell level. The role of BGN was further dissected in additional three bulk and five single‐cell profiling datasets from immunotherapy cohorts and validated in real‐world patients who have received PD‐1 blockade using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

Results

CAFs were closely correlated with immune components. Frequent crosstalk between CAFs and other cells was revealed by the CellChat analysis. Single‐cell regulatory network inference and clustering identified common and distinct regulators for CAFs across cancers. The BGN was determined to be a specific secreting factor of CAFs. The BGN served as an unfavourable indicator for overall survival and immunotherapy response. In the real‐world immunotherapy cohort, patients with high BGN levels presented a higher proportion of poor response compared with those with low BGN (46.7% vs. 11.8%) and a lower level of infiltrating CD8+ T cells was also observed.

Conclusions

We highlighted the importance of CAFs in the tumor microenvironment and revealed that the BGN, which is mainly derived from CAFs, may be applicable in clinical practice and serve as a therapeutic target in immunotherapy resistance.
Increased IFN‐γ+ and TNF‐α+ mucosal‐associated invariant T cells in patients with aplastic anemia
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Zhang Yuping , Zhang Yikai , Zhang Yue , Wang Shunqing , Yu Zhi , Liu Xiaoen , Huang Guixuan , Guo Lixing , Li Xueqin , Zha Xianfeng , Li Yangqiu , Li Bo
Published: February 2023

Background

Aplastic anemia (AA) is known as an autoimmune disease in which T cell activation is aberrant. It has been reported that unconventional T cells, mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, play an important role in several autoimmune diseases, but it is unclear if they are involved in AA.

Methods

In this study, we for the first time analyzed the proportions, phenotypes, and cytokine properties of MAIT cells in AA by flow cytometry.

Results

We found that the percentage of circulating MAIT cells was generally higher for CD3+, CD8+, and CD8− T cells in AA patients compared with healthy individuals. Moreover, the percentage of IL‐18Rα‐, NKG2D‐, IFN‐γ‐, and TNF‐α‐ positive MAIT cells was also significantly higher in AA patients. In addition, the percentage of IFN‐γ+ CD3+ or TNF‐α+CD8− MAIT cells had a significant negative correlation with the absolute neutrophil count.

Conclusions

We present the first observation of MAIT cells in patients with AA. MAIT cells are associated with a higher frequency of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α production and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AA.
A novel method of improving energy efficient QoS in FANET using Correlation And Confidence Based Gradient Clustering Metric approach
Authors: Abbas Ali Farithkhan , Erode Dhanapal Kanmani Ruby
Published: February 2023

Flying Ad‐hoc Networks (FANETs) being the most popular wing of the research in recent time had many evolutions to cope up with the growing demands in defense and other civil applications. Limited number of nodes, limited source of energy and increased mobility of the drones were the major problems to be addressed while building an effective FANET. Drones were aerial‐nodes that are driver‐less; their actions were prescribed by means of algorithms devoid of some human relations and could be easily deployed in the system. Hence this article aims to propose a novel framework to improvise the energy efficiency of FANET through Correlation and Confidence based Gradient Clustering Metric (CC‐GCM) approach in the clustering algorithm. The results obtained through the proposed model are proven to be outstanding by producing an improvised performance efficiency and augmented energy efficiency. This article also involves a comparative study of the performance attributes with the existing models with tabulated values and graphs in terms of energy consumption, average end‐to‐end delay, cluster building time, average cluster life time, and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR).
Coumarin derivatives with potential anticancer and antibacterial activity: Design, synthesis, VEGFR‐2 and DNA gyrase inhibition, and in silico studies
Authors: Emam Soha H. , Hassan Rasha A. , Osman Eman O. , Hamed Mohammed I. A. , Abdou Amr M. , Kandil Mai M. , Elbaz Eman Maher , Mikhail Demiana S.
Published: February 2023

A series of coumarin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Compound 3e exhibited significant antiproliferative activity and was further evaluated at five doses at the National Cancer Institute. It effectively inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) with an IC50 value of 0.082 ± 0.004 µM compared with sorafenib. While compound 3e significantly downregulated total VEGFR‐2 and its phosphorylation, it markedly reduced the HUVEC's migratory potential, resulting in a significant disruption in wound healing. Furthermore, compound 3e caused a 22.51‐fold increment in total apoptotic level in leukemia cell line HL‐60(TB) and a 6.91‐fold increase in the caspase‐3 level. Compound 3e also caused cell cycle arrest, mostly at the G1/S phase. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram‐positive a70am‐negative bacterial strains. Compound 3b was the most active derivative, with the same minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration value of 128 μg/mL against K. pneumonia and high stability in mammalian plasma. Moreover, compounds 3b and 3f inhibited Gram‐negative DNA gyrase with IC50 = 0.73 ± 0.05 and 1.13 ± 0.07 µM, respectively, compared to novobiocin with an IC50 value of 0.17 ± 0.02 µM. The binding affinity and pattern of derivative 3e toward the VEGFR‐2 active site and compounds 3a–c and 3f in the DNA gyrase active site were evaluated using molecular modeling. Overall, ADME studies of the synthesized coumarin derivatives displayed promising pharmacokinetic properties.
Immigration as the main driver of population dynamics in a cryptic cetacean
Authors: Tenan Simone , Moulins Aurelie , Tepsich Paola , Bocconcelli Alessandro , Verga Alessandro , Ballardini Marco , Nani Barbara , Papi Daniela , Motta Gabriella , Aguilar Ana Sanz , Rosso Massimiliano
Published: February 2023

Empirical evidence about the role and interaction of immigration with local demographic processes in shaping population dynamics is still scarce. This knowledge gap limits our capability to derive a conceptual framework that can be used to inform conservation actions. Populations exposed to nonstationary environment do not converge to a stable stage distribution, implying the need for evaluating the demographic role of both vital rates and stage distribution using appropriate tools. This is particularly important for species with larger generation times like cetaceans. We explored the relative demographic role of vital rates and population structure of a poorly known cetacean, the Mediterranean Cuvier's beaked whale, while accounting for the exposure to nonstationary environments. We performed a retrospective analysis through transient life table response experiments (tLTRE) using demographic rates and population structure of both sexes obtained from an integrated population model. The contribution of immigration to variation in realized population growth rates was 4.2, 7.6, and 12.7 times larger than that of female apparent survival, proportional abundance of breeding females with a 2‐year‐old calf, and proportional abundance of breeding females with a 3‐year‐old calf, respectively. Immigration rate and proportional abundance of breeding females with a 2‐ or 3‐year‐old calf explained, respectively, 65% and 20% of total temporal variability in realized population growth rates. Changes in realized population growth rate between successive years were mainly driven by changes in immigration and population structure, specifically the proportional abundance of breeding females with a 2‐year‐old calf. Our study provides insight into the demographic processes that affect population dynamics and in a cryptic cetacean. We presented an analytical approach for maximizing the use of available data through the integration of multiple sources of information for individuals of different distinctiveness levels.
Sampling from commercial vessel routes can capture marine biodiversity distributions effectively
Authors: Boyse Elizabeth , Beger Maria , Valsecchi Elena , Goodman Simon J.
Published: February 2023

Collecting fine‐scale occurrence data for marine species across large spatial scales is logistically challenging but is important to determine species distributions and for conservation planning. Inaccurate descriptions of species ranges could result in designating protected areas with inappropriate locations or boundaries. Optimizing sampling strategies therefore is a priority for scaling up survey approaches using tools such as environmental DNA (eDNA) to capture species distributions. In a marine context, commercial vessels, such as ferries, could provide sampling platforms allowing access to undersampled areas and repeatable sampling over time to track community changes. However, sample collection from commercial vessels could be biased and may not represent biological and environmental variability. Here, we evaluate whether sampling along Mediterranean ferry routes can yield unbiased biodiversity survey outcomes, based on perfect knowledge from a stacked species distribution model (SSDM) of marine megafauna derived from online data repositories. Simulations to allocate sampling point locations were carried out representing different sampling strategies (random vs regular), frames (ferry routes vs unconstrained), and number of sampling points. SSDMs were remade from different sampling simulations and compared with the “perfect knowledge” SSDM to quantify the bias associated with different sampling strategies. Ferry routes detected more species and were able to recover known patterns in species richness at smaller sample sizes better than unconstrained sampling points. However, to minimize potential bias, ferry routes should be chosen to cover the variability in species composition and its environmental predictors in the SSDMs. The workflow presented here can be used to design effective sampling strategies using commercial vessel routes globally for eDNA and other biodiversity survey techniques. This approach has potential to provide a cost‐effective method to access remote oceanic areas on a regular basis and can recover meaningful data on spatiotemporal biodiversity patterns.
Three‐phase wireless power supply system using a matrix converter
Authors: Yamanokuchi Koki , Kusaka Keisuke , Itoh Jun‐Ichi
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a three‐phase wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a three‐phase‐to‐three‐phase matrix converter. The proposed system directly converts power from an AC grid to high‐frequency AC for WPT. The three‐phase WPT system with the matrix converter is effectively expands the lifetime of the WPT system. A novel hybrid commutation method, which is suitable for the WPT system with a resonant characteristic, is proposed to avoid the commutation failure of the matrix converter. The strategy of the proposed hybrid commutation is based on an estimation of the current direction considering the resonant characteristics and elimination of commutation in the critical area. The proposed commutation method achieves an AC input‐current total harmonic distortion (THD) of 4.7% with the resonant three‐phase load without a current sensor on the high‐frequency side. Furthermore, the proposed WPT system achieves a system efficiency of 88.2% at a load of 4 kW.
Source–sink dynamics within a complex life history
Authors: Lowe Winsor H. , Addis Brett R. , Cochrane Madaline M. , Swartz Leah K.
Published: February 2023

Source–sink patch dynamics occur when movement from sources stabilizes sinks by compensating for low local vital rates. The mechanisms underlying source–sink dynamics may be complicated in species that undergo transitions between discrete life stages, particularly when stages have overlapping habitat requirements and similar movement abilities. In these species, for example, the demographic effects of movement by one stage may augment or offset the effects of movement by another stage. We used a stream salamander system to investigate patch dynamics within this form of complex life history. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that the salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus experiences source–sink dynamics in riffles and pools, the dominant geomorphic patch types in headwater streams. We estimated stage‐specific survival probabilities in riffles and pools and stage‐specific movement probabilities between the two patch types using 8 years of capture–recapture data on 4491 individuals, including premetamorphic larvae and postmetamorphic adults. We then incorporated survival and movement probabilities into a stage‐structured, two‐patch model to determine the demographic interactions between riffles and pools. Monthly survival probabilities of both stages were higher in pools than in riffles. Larvae were more likely to move from riffles to pools, but adults were more likely to move from pools to riffles, despite experiencing much lower survival in riffles. In simulations, eliminating interpatch movements by both stages indicated that riffles are sinks that rely on immigration from pools for stability. Allowing only larvae to move stabilized both patch types, but allowing only adults to move destabilized pools due to the demographic cost of adult emigration. These results indicated that larval movement not only stabilizes riffles, but also offsets the destabilizing effects of maladaptive adult movement. Similar patch dynamics may emerge in any structured population in which movement and local vital rates differ by age, size, or stage. Addressing these forms of internal demographic structure in patch dynamics analyses will help to refine and advance general understanding of spatial ecology.
Quality evaluation of frozen and chilled fish: A review
Authors: Walayat Noman , Tang Wei , Wang Xinping , Yi Minghua , Guo Li , Ding Yuting , Liu Jianhua , Ahmad Ishtiaq , Ranjha Muhammad M. A. N.
Published: February 2023

As fish is a perishable food item, multiple storage approaches need be considered to extend its shelf‐life, safety, and quality. Despite advancements in modern frozen storage techniques, chilling and freezing remain the most frequently employed preservation practices onboard. The purpose of this review is to outline ways of increasing the shelf‐life of fresh and frozen fish by assessing different conventional chilling and freezing conditions. Although there are additional elements that determine fish shelf‐life, such as the fish species, harvesting method, stress experienced after being captured, amount of ice, frozen storage temperature, and time are some of the most important factors. Furthermore, the way that fish is stored (whole, filleted, or gutted) influences the final product quality. Most studies show that the entire chilled or frozen fish has a longer shelf life as compared to the gutted and filleted fish. But other facts about the species, the way it is caught, and how it gets to preparedness at industries must be taken into account if the shelf life is to be extended. Meanwhile, this review could be helpful for the prolonged shelf‐life and quality at the industrial scale and household storage.
Synthesis, Structure and Light‐Driven H2 Production of a {Ti21} Titanium‐Oxo Cluster Featuring Pentagonal {Ti(Ti5)} Motifs
Authors: Song Yan , Liu Shi‐Yi , Li Cai‐Hong , Chen Wei‐Chao , Shao Kui‐Zhan , Qin Chao , Wang Xin‐Long , Su Zhong‐Min
Published: February 2023

Pentagonal {Ti(Ti5)} motifs play a crucial role during the assembly of novel titanium‐oxide clusters (TOCs), whose development is still in its infancy. In this work, an unprecedented TOC [(CH3)2NH2]2[Ti21O29(OiPr)12(DMF)6(SO4)8] ({Ti21}) based on {Ti(Ti5)} motifs had been obtained under hydrothermal conditions. It possesses ‘fused’ dimeric {Ti11} as well as trimeric {Ti12} subunits featuring unexpected bonding modes based on pentagonal {Ti(Ti5)} motifs. Furthermore, {Ti21} exhibits good water and solvent tolerance. As an atomically precise TOCs‐based semiconductor photocatalyst, {Ti21} exhibits appreciable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity with an optimal hydrogen generation rate of 191.94 μmol/g/h under UV/Vis light. This work provides significant advances and favorable models for the further synthesis of TOCs with unique structure and functionality.
Miniaturized surface engineered technologies for multiplex biosensing devices
Authors: Ranjan Srivastava Vinish , Kumari Rohini , Chandra Pranjal
Published: February 2023

The demand for quick, accurate, and affordable point‐of‐care (POC) devices increases with the advancement in the dimensions of nanotechnology and digital interfaces (Internet of Things). The future of diagnostic requires the platform which can provide us the following benefits i. e., on‐site detection, qualitative as well as quantitative analysis, easy to use, portable, low sample requirement, cost‐effective, and have multiplexing proficiency. Multiplex biosensing platforms (MBPs) have the above following advantages so are going to be mostly used in various healthcare applications in near future. MBPs have the potential to fulfill the ‘ASSURED’ criteria specified by the World Health Organization (WHO) for remote‐limited settings. This review paper focuses on miniaturized platforms that have multiplexing benefits for the bioanalysis of different clinical samples related to various healthcare applications. In addition to this, screening of pesticides, antibiotics, and hazardous metal ions with these surface‐engineered devices has also been accounted in food and environmental samples. Some of the advanced techniques including microfluidics (Lab‐on‐a‐chip), wearable smart devices, and CRISPR/Cas system for multiplexing applications are briefly described here. Furthermore, various needs, challenges, and prospects in commercializing these multiplexed surface‐engineered devices have been discussed in this review.