bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Resilience Among Generation Z Baccalaureate Nursing Students: A Hermeneutical Phenomenology Study
Authors: Boyden Gerri-Lyn , Brisbois Maryellen D. , Kellogg Marni B. , Foli Karen J.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Supporting resilience for nursing student success is critical to future health care. This study explored the meaning and process of resilience among Generation Z traditional baccalaureate nursing students.

Method:

Using a qualitative hermeneutical phenomenology approach, 13 Generation Z nursing students with the lived experience of resilience were surveyed and interviewed. Results were analyzed interpretively.

Results:

Themes of resilience among Generation Z nursing students were identified relative to study questions. Identified themes included “Maneuvering the Murky Water” and “This Can Either Ruin Me or I Can Keep Moving With It,” as well as a resilience process within the context of nursing education. Open-response data provided further reflective insights on resilience and recommendations for resilience in nursing education programs.

Conclusion:

Supporting resilience begins with understanding students' individual and generational perspective. Future nursing education research should include innovative interventions wherein the perspectives of Generation Z students are central to design.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(7):460–469.]
Epidemic control by social distancing and vaccination: Optimal strategies and remarks on the COVID-19 Italian response policy
Authors: d'Onofrio Alberto , Iannelli Mimmo , Manfredi Piero , Marinoschi Gabriela
Published: July 2024

After the many failures in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying robust principles of epidemic control will be key in future preparedness. In this work, we propose an optimal control model of an age-of-infection transmission model under a two-phase control regime where social distancing is the only available control tool in the first phase, while the second phase also benefits from the arrival of vaccines. We analyzed the problem by an ad-hoc numerical algorithm under a strong hypothesis implying a high degree of prioritization to the protection of health from the epidemic attack, which we termed the "low attack rate" hypothesis. The outputs of the model were also compared with the data from the Italian COVID-19 experience to provide a crude assessment of the goodness of the enacted interventions prior to the onset of the Omicron variant.
La noción de mímesis en la filosofía platónica: imagen y terapia entre el arte y la ética
Authors: Benito Torres Jorge
Published: July 2024

La noción de mímesis es una de las más complejas de la filosofía platónica. Para Platón, esta noción implica de manera integral distintas dimensiones del alma humana y las vincula a una actividad reflectiva que se da entre dichas dimensiones y aquello en lo que se proyectan, a fin de reproducirlo. La problemática de la mímesis gana, de este modo, una importancia mayúscula en los terrenos artístico y moral, si bien también goza de un peso importante en la ontología y psicología. Bajo esta noción, nuestro autor dibuja una suerte de ontología de la imagen que colorea su relación con la teoría de las formas. Así pues, en este análisis reflexionaremos sobre los distintos tipos de mímesis y en concreto sobre el sentido de la mímesis eikástica, lo que nos permitirá valorar su función terapéutica, aspecto que a menudo ha pasado desapercibido bajo las críticas a la concepción platónica de la actividad mimética. Todo ello apuntará, a su vez, a perfilar una concepción hermenéutica de la filosofía donde la función catártica de la comprensión quedará en primer lugar.
Une bêtise à glorifier pour dix mille générations
Authors: Humbert Lucas
Published: July 2024

Vers la fin de l’année 1522, le saunier Wang Gen 王艮 (1483-1541), nouvellement fait disciple du grand confucéen Wang Yangming 王陽明 (1472-1529) et futur fondateur de l’école dite « de Taizhou » (Taizhou xuepai 泰州學派), commit la frasque la plus éclatante de toute sa carrière : il eut l’idée de monter à Pékin, vêtu et carrossé à l’antique, pour répandre auprès des doctes et des ignorants qu’il rencontrerait en chemin la doctrine de son maître. Avant son départ, il composa, dans un genre littéraire déjà démodé à son époque, un « Fu de la loche et des anguilles » (« Qiushan fu » 鰍鱔賦), qui nous relate la glorieuse histoire d’une loche, enfermée dans la jarre d’un étal marchand, qui bondit hors de sa prison et se prend à cabrioler dans tous les sens, réveillant et délivrant les anguilles engourdies qui croupissaient en sa compagnie : ému par ce spectacle, un badaud passé par-là se met en tête de partir joyeusement au secours de ses contemporains. La prédication de Wang Gen sera un échec, pour lequel il sera morigéné, à son retour, par Wang Yangming en personne ; il battra sa coulpe, et n’entreprendra plus aucun voyage de ce genre. Toutefois, il ne fera pas disparaître ce fu, conservé en place voyante dans ses œuvres, et cet épisode ne laissera pas d’inspirer une vénération secrète chez plusieurs de ses contemporains.
Et la lumière fut
Authors: Sayers Dorothy Leigh
Published: July 2024

« Le lit était cassé et penchait sur le côté de manière grotesque. Harrison était étalé de tout son long au milieu d’un amoncellement de couvertures souillées. Il avait le visage déformé et livide et les yeux révulsés si bien qu’on n’en voyait que le blanc. » Harrison était expert en champignons. Pourquoi a-t-il mangé une grande quantité de muscarine mortelle ? Était-ce un accident ? Un suicide ? Ou un meurtre ? Pour élucider l'affaire et confondre le brillant meurtrier qui a dérouté les meilleurs esprits de Londres, une collection de notes d'amour et de lettres. Et la lumière fut [The Documents in the Case] est un roman au suspense haletant, en même temps qu'un témoignage sur les débats intellectuels de l'entre-deux-guerres britannique, avec en filigrane un fait divers, l'affaire Thompson-Bywaters, qui a défrayé la chronique judiciaire en 1922.
Droits fondamentaux et transhumanisme : vous prendrez bien un peu de « jurisfiction » ?
Authors: Moine-Dupuis Isabelle , Bévière-Boyer Bénédicte
Published: July 2024

Plus que jamais la « jurisfiction » a toute sa place à l’égard du transhumanisme et davantage encore lorsqu’il est question de droits fondamentaux. Reste à savoir si l’individu et ses droits fondamentaux sont susceptibles de constituer un appui pour un transhumanisme favorable à la personne (I). Les hypothèses sont nombreuses, et le droit a la possibilité d’inventer ou de transformer, presque à l’infini, tous les concepts. Quoi qu’il en soit, les droits fondamentaux devraient-ils être compris comme une limite sous-jacente, si la réalité, à l’instar de l’imagination, devenait « folle du logis » (II) ?
Penser l’éthique transhumaine au prisme de l’éthique humaine : enjeux et limites
Authors: Salvat Christophe
Published: July 2024

Le propos de ce chapitre est de s’interroger sur la légitimité morale du transhumanisme. L’investigation éthique de ce mouvement futuriste, pourtant profondément ancré dans notre histoire n’est pas aisée. Elle nous amène à questionner, plus généralement, le rôle et la légitimité des pratiques médicales existantes. Elle nous conduit surtout à repenser la question juste dans un monde où tout devient théoriquement possible.
Défendre le village et combattre pour le terroir : la mobilisation armée des groupes d’autodéfense à l’épreuve du travail agricole en Pays Dogon, au centre du Mali
Authors: Poudiougou Ibrahima
Published: July 2024

Le 8 juin 2022, à 4 heures du matin, un groupe de 350 djihadistes encercle Makou, un village situé dans la région de Bandiagara. Leur chef oblige les habitants à quitter les lieux. Les 422 ménages de Makou sont dispersés entre les villages voisins. Cet article analyse comment l’apparition des groupes armés normalise la violence et redessine les relations sociopolitiques dans les terroirs historiques du centre du Mali. Il examine, en particulier, comment Dan Nan Ambassagou conjugue résistance armée contre les groupes djihadistes et vie paysanne en pays dogon.
Fertile Soil?
Authors: Beldé Marte
Published: July 2024

Poor, unemployed rural young men are often presumed to be inevitable victims for jihadi recruitment in the Sahel. However, from the perspective of rural populations, jihadi violence’s social reconfiguration is only the latest episode in a long series of transformations of the social environment. Youth have developed various tactics to move their lives in advantageous directions and joining jihadis is only one potential pathway. Zooming in on Mali’s southern Sikasso region, this article proposes the framework of social navigation to make sense of the diverse trajectories of rural male youth. Based on 6 months of fieldwork and interviews with stakeholders in Bamako and Sikasso, it provides a framework that unites social transformation, youth’s agency and jihadi expansion.
Une épidémiologie paritaire ?
Authors: poussières Collectif tonnes et des
Published: July 2024

Cet article porte sur la mobilisation d’agent·es de la fonction publique face au danger de l’amiante, en livrant une chronologie de l’implication syndicale dans l’élaboration, la mise en œuvre et le suivi d’un instrument de mesure de l’altération de la santé au travail qu’est l’étude épidémiologique. En revenant sur la pugnacité de l’intersyndicale « Tripode », du nom du bâtiment administratif nantais amianté, qui a discuté âprement la définition des outils de surveillance sanitaire, cet article éclaire les ressorts d’une « épidémiologie paritaire » qui a contribué à faire de la nocivité de l’amiante un problème public, à contrer la hiérarchie administrative qui faisait obstacle à la reconnaissance des maladies professionnelles des agent·es exposé·es et enfin à inciter l’État-employeur à des pratiques de précaution vis-à-vis de ce cancérigène. Ni réductible à l’épidémiologie institutionnelle, ni superposable à l’épidémiologie populaire, cette démarche place les acteurs et actrices syndicales sur un pied d’égalité avec leurs administrations de tutelle au cœur des instances de négociation de la démocratie sanitaire.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Knowledge, Its Vaccine Uptake Intentions, and the Influence of Personality Traits among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in a University Setting: Findings and Implications
Authors: Ogunyinka Ibrahim Abayomi , Yusuff Kazeem Babatunde , Erah Patrick Omonua , Mohammed Yahaya , Wada Yusuf Hassan
Published: July 2024

Context:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the greatest global health catastrophe of the century, with its vaccine hesitancy compounding the woes. Relevant stakeholders, including pharmacy students (whose education was disrupted) are important bulwarks against these catastrophes, but their COVID-19-related information are scarce.

Aims:

We assessed COVID-19 knowledge, its vaccine uptake intentions, and the influence of personality traits among pharmacy undergraduates in a Nigerian university.

Settings and Design:

This was a post-lockdown cross sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.

Subjects and Methods:

A 61-item questionnaire was used to collect data among pharmacy undergraduates who attended Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, in May 2021.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Summary statistics– mean (±standard deviation), range, frequency, proportion; inferential statistics– Chi square statistics, binary logistic regression.

Results:

The response rate was 88% (168/191). The average COVID-19 knowledge score, the frequency of acceptance, and hesitancy to take COVID-19 vaccine among study participants were 42.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 42.1–43.7), 39.1% (95% CI = 37.3%–41.8%), and 61.9% (95% CI = 58.0%–64.2%), respectively. In addition, of the 168 study participants, 73 (43.5%) considered themselves to have high self-esteem, 67 (39.9%) were highly extroverted, 91 (54.2%) highly privately self-conscious, 96 (57.1%) highly publicly self-conscious, and 60 (35.7%) highly self-restrained, with 57 (34.0%) not believing in the existence of COVID-19. COVID-19 knowledge varied significantly by level of study (F [2,165] = 5.539; P = 0.005; η2 = 0.06). Similarly, those with high self-esteem were twice as knowledgeable regarding COVID-19 as those with low self-esteem (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.08–3.78; P = 0.03) with gleaning COVID-19-related information from social media platforms predicting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH) (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16–0.85; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

The observed suboptimal COVID-19 knowledge was associated with participants’ low level of self-esteem, and the prevalent CVH was associated with obtaining COVID-19-related information from social media platform.
Comparison of Conventional and Microsurgical Access Flap Procedure in Managing Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Archana A B , Ramesh Roshni , Varghese Jacob , Anoop S
Published: July 2024

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the periodontal treatment outcomes in patients with periodontitis treated using conventional and microsurgical access flap procedure.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to conventional (Group I) and microsurgical (Group II) open flap debridement procedure. The parameters measured were probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), wound healing, and postoperative pain. PD, CAL, GR, and BOP were assessed at pretreatment (baseline) and 3 months postoperatively. Wound healing was assessed using Landrey et al. healing index at 7th day and 3 months postoperatively and postoperative pain was assessed using number of analgesics taken for 7 days following surgery.

Results:

Healing Index score of 4 (very good healing) was found in 40% of sites of Group I and 95% of sites of Group II. Comparison of number of analgesics taken between groups on day 7 showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01), indicating that pain was significantly reduced in Group II compared to Group I. At 3 months postoperatively, there was no significant reduction in PD, CAL, GR, and BOP between the groups.

Conclusions:

In open flap debridement procedure, a microsurgical approach can substantially improve the early healing and induce less postoperative pain when compared to a conventional macroscopic approach.
Immediate Implant Placement in Conjunction with Maxillary Sinus Lifting and Grafting
Authors: Sakka Salah
Published: July 2024

Bone deficiency in the posterior maxillary bone can be associated with a large sinus cavity and this dilemma can limit implant placement for dental rehabilitation in this area. The maxillary sinus lifting technique can be the solution for many clinical situations with minimal bone height, allowing the placement of longer implants. Autogenous bone graft is a safe and reliable material for reconstructive surgery. In this article, a case of an elderly male patient with inadequate maxillary bone height is presented. Simultaneous maxillary sinus elevation and implant placement with autogenous parietal bone graft were performed.
Quantitative Assessment of Receptors of Advanced Glycation End Products Expression in Tissue Samples from Patients with oral Submucous Fibrosis, Leukoplakia, and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sinduja Palati , Ramani Pratibha , Sekaran Saravanan
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim:

Oxidative stress markers have been firmly established as elevated in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). These markers play a crucial role in the pathogenic mechanism underlying the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their respective receptors. The primary objective of this study is to discern and compare the levels of receptors of AGEs (RAGEs) within tissue samples from patients diagnosed with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) at varying stages, oral leukoplakia at various stages, and OSCC.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional investigation was conducted, enrolling a total of 49 patients, distributed across three distinct groups. Tissue samples were meticulously collected from the aforementioned patient groups. Subsequently, these samples underwent a process of homogenization and centrifugation. The supernatant obtained was subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to precisely determine the concentration of RAGE.

Results:

The concentration of RAGEs was found to be significantly higher at various stages of OSMF when compared to the reference group of OSCC (P < 0.05). This difference was statistically significant, indicating a substantial association. In contrast, the levels of RAGE in patients with hyperkeratosis accompanied by epithelial dysplasia at various stages were observed to be lower than those in the OSCC group, with the difference in concentration being statistically insignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

This comprehensive study has provided compelling evidence demonstrating the heightened levels of RAGE in OSMF when compared to OSCC. These findings collectively suggest the potential utility of anti-RAGE interventions as a promising avenue for novel therapeutic strategies in potentially malignant disorders such as OSMF.
Efficacy of Topical Application of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Skin-derived Collagen Extracts in Improving Oral Traumatic Ulcer Healing
Authors: Mulawarmanti Dian , Revianti Syamsulina , Wahjuningsih Endah
Published: July 2024

Background:

Traumatic ulcer is a wound on the oral mucosa that often causes pain and impaired eating function. Healing of these wounds takes a long time and can interfere with an individual’s daily activities. One therapeutic approach that is being developed is the use of topical application of chum salmon skin-derived collagen extract. Collagen is the main component of the extracellular matrix and plays a major role in wound healing. The skin of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus
keta) contains collagen that is effective for the treatment of wounds.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topical applications of chum salmon (O.
keta) skin-derived collagen extracts in improving the healing of traumatic ulcers through analysis of neutrophil and macrophage numbers and collagen density.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups consisting of six rats each. The labial mucosa of the lower lips of the rats was injured with heated amalgam stoppers to create oral traumatic ulcers. Group 1 was a control group; in Groups 2, 3, and 4, 25%, 50%, and 75% of collagen extracts from chum salmon (O.
keta) skin were applied topically once a day for 7 days, respectively. The neutrophil and macrophage numbers were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Masson’s Trichrome staining was used to analyze the collagen density. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and continued with post hoc least significant difference tests. Significance is considered if P < 0.05.

Results:

The oral traumatic ulcers gradually healed until day 7. The number of neutrophils and macrophages was significantly decreased in the treatment groups, and collagen density was increased, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The decrease of neutrophil and macrophage numbers occurred significantly with the increased collagen extract concentrations (P < 0.05). Collagen density also increased significantly with the increased collagen extract concentrations (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Topical applications of chum salmon (O.
keta) skin-derived collagen extracts accelerate the healing process of oral traumatic ulcers by decreasing neutrophil and macrophage numbers and increasing collagen density.
Role of Psychosocial Factors and Mental Well-Being for Baby WASH- and Nutrition-Related Behaviors in Lao PDR
Authors: Slekiene Jurgita , Chase Claire , Mishra Simi , Mosler Hans-Joachim
Published: July 2024

In Lao PDR, 30% of children under age 5 years are affected by stunting. Stunting in childhood is associated with poorer outcomes for both physical and cognitive development. Baby WASH is a focused approach to water supply, sanitation, and hygiene for infants and children that targets numerous contextual and psychosocial factors including child handwashing, food hygiene, clean play spaces, and management of animal feces in the household environment. Using the risks, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation approach to behavior change (BC), the objective of this study was to investigate psychosocial factors of Baby WASH and nutrition related-behaviors, considering caregivers mental well-being, to design evidence-based BC interventions. A cross-sectional survey of 616 caregivers of a child under 2 years was conducted in Lao PDR. Caregivers well-being was significantly associated with handwashing before feeding a baby, controlling “mouthing,” and the intention to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months. All psychosocial factors of the three behaviors were correlated with mental well-being. Results suggest that attitudinal and ability factors underlying handwashing with soap before feeding a child should be the primary focus of BC interventions. For controlling mouthing factors, interventions should target attitude and norm factors. To increase the intention of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months attitude, ability, and self-regulation factors should be targeted through BC interventions. The findings of this study can be used to support the inclusion of vulnerable caregivers with poor mental well-being with BC interventions designed to improve child health and prevent stunting.
Case Report: Multiple Metastatic Primary Multidrug-Resistant Tubercular Abscesses
Authors: Priyadarshi Megha , Pant Harish , Sikdar Sunit , Sinha Sanjeev , Vyas Surabhi , Ranjan Piyush
Published: July 2024

This case report presents an atypical manifestation of tuberculosis in a 21-year-old male who presented with multiple subcutaneous swellings in the bilateral heel, left elbow, and base of the left third finger for the previous 6 months. The patient also experienced loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss. Despite initial suspicion of bacterial abscesses, antibiotics did not lead to significant improvement. Further investigations revealed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and findings suggestive of osteomyelitis on imaging. Gene Xpert testing confirmed multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causative agent. The patient was prescribed a bedaquiline-based multidrug-resistant tuberculosis regimen, which resulted in reduction in swelling size. This report highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing complex cases of primary multiple tubercular abscesses, especially with drug-resistant strains, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management for successful outcomes.
Case Report: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Case Series with Intralesional Treatment in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Pereira de Carvalho Meneses Yana Gabriela , Rapela Medeiros Ângela Cristina , Felinto de Brito Maria Edileuza , de Medeiros Zulma Maria
Published: July 2024

In 2022, the Pan American Health Organization recommended the intralesional application (IL) of pentavalent antimonials in adult patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Other guidelines differ from that recommendation, considering that infections caused by a Leishmania species that can be associated with increased risk for mucosal leishmaniasis, in particular L. (V.) braziliensis, should not be eligible for intralesional treatment. This was a prospective interventional study carried out with eight patients diagnosed with CL residing in northeast Brazil during the period from 2019 to 2022. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study on the subject conducted in the northeast region, which has the second-highest number of cases in the country. In our sample, clinical cure was achieved with the use of intralesional treatment in all cases, and there were no serious adverse events or mucosal involvement during the 1-year follow-up period. We emphasize the importance of using the right criteria for choosing this therapeutic modality and highlight the advantages of intralesional treatment due to the lower risk of adverse events and cost reduction to health services.
Factors Influencing Community Engagement during Guinea Worm and Polio Eradication Endgames in Chad: Recommendations for “Last Mile” Programming
Authors: Delea Maryann G. , Browne Lalique , Kaji Severin , Weiss Adam J. , Tchindebet Ouakou
Published: July 2024

Community engagement is a strategy commonly used in health and development programming. Many disease eradication programs engage with communities through different structures and mechanisms to detect, report, contain, and respond to the diseases they target. Qualitative operational research was conducted in a district of Chad co-endemic for both dracunculiasis (i.e., Guinea worm disease) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus to reveal factors influencing community engagement behavior in the context of eradication-related programming. Women and men from six communities and stakeholders from the local, district, and central levels were recruited to participate in focus group discussions and semi-structured in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis was performed to identify barriers and facilitators of community engagement. Barriers to community engagement included mistrust in exogenously established health program initiatives (i.e., initiatives designed by partners external to targeted program communities) resulting from negative past experiences with external entities and community groups and the lure of profit-motivating community engagement. Subgroup and intersectionality analyses revealed that gender and other identities influence whether and to what extent certain members of the community engage in a meaningful way. Facilitators of community engagement included leadership and the influence of authorities and leaders in community participation, perceived benefits of being engaged with community-based initiatives, and use of incentives to enhance community participation. Study findings may be used to inform the refinement of community engagement approaches in Chad and learning agendas for other “last mile” disease eradication programs.
Progress Toward Onchocerciasis Elimination in Brazil
Authors: Pereira de Araujo João Luiz , Ríos Dalila , Grillet Maria Eugenia , da Cruz Alda Maria , Rakers Lindsay , Richards Frank , Francis Schuertz Heriberto , Durães Sandra Maria Barbosa
Published: July 2024

The single onchocerciasis-endemic focus in the remote Amazon rainforest is shared by Brazil and Venezuela and affects primarily the indigenous Yanomami people. Regional elimination of onchocerciasis is challenged by the magnitude and inaccessibility of this area. In Brazil, 272 onchocerciasis-endemic communities are operationally organized through 21 health centers (“polos bases”). Mass drug administration of ivermectin began in 1995, with 36 effective biannual rounds (≥85% coverage of the eligible population) through 2022. The national on chocerciasis program maintains community-level monitoring to prioritize treatment activities and epidemiological surveys. The Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas and the WHO onchocerciasis elimination guidelines have helped Brazil move toward its goal of stopping ivermectin treatment by 2025 and verifying transmission elimination by 2030. Additional challenges to the Brazilian onchocerciasis program include cross-border movements and insecurity due to illegal mining and inter-community conflicts. The new government in Brazil offers hope given its commitment to the equity of indigenous people and preservation of the Amazon environment.
Slaying the Serpent: A Research Agenda to Expand Intervention Development and Accelerate Guinea Worm Eradication Efforts
Authors: Delea Maryann G. , Sack Alexandra , Eneanya Obiora A. , Thiele Elizabeth , Roy Sharon L. , Sankara Dieudonne , Ijaz Kashef , Hopkins Donald R. , Weiss Adam J.
Published: July 2024

Dracunculiasis, also known as Guinea worm disease, is targeted to become the second human disease and first parasitic infection to be eradicated. The global Guinea Worm Eradication Program (GWEP), through community-based interventions, reduced the burden of disease from an estimated 3.5 million cases per year in 1986 to only 13 human cases in 2022. Despite progress, in 2012 Guinea worm disease was detected in domesticated dogs and later in domesticated cats and baboons. Without previous development of any Guinea worm therapeutics, diagnostic tests to detect pre-patent Guinea worm infection, or environmental surveillance tools, the emergence of Guinea worm disease in animal hosts—a threat to eradication—motivated an assessment of evidence gaps and research opportunities. This gap analysis informed the refinement of a robust research agenda intended to generate new evidence and identify additional tools for national GWEPs and to better align the global GWEP with a 2030 Guinea worm eradication certification target. This paper outlines the rationale for the development and expansion of the global GWEP Research Agenda and summarizes the results of the gap analysis that was conducted to identify Guinea worm–related research needs and opportunities. We describe five work streams informed by the research gap analysis that underpin the GWEP Research Agenda and address eradication endgame challenges through the employment of a systems-informed One Health approach. We also discuss the infrastructure in place to disseminate new evidence and monitor research results as well as plans for the continual review of evidence and research priorities.
Dermatophytosis Caused by Trichophyton indotineae (Trichophyton mentagrophytes ITS Genotype VIII) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Madarasingha Nayani P. , Thabrew Harshini , Uhrlass Silk , Eriyagama Surammika , Reinal Dieter , Jayasekera Primali I. , Nenoff Pietro
Published: July 2024

Over the past few years, a recalcitrant dermatophytosis has been observed on the Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka, which has caused a major public health issue in the region. An emerging species, Trichophyton indotineae, first described as Trichophyton mentagrophytes ITS genotype VIII, is thought to be responsible for this fast-spreading, mostly terbinafine-resistant dermatophytosis. Recalcitrant dermatophytosis is a challenge to dermatologists, and knowing the causative species and antifungal sensitivity in the earlier stage of management would be invaluable. We report a case series of patients with dermatophytosis caused by T. indotineae in Sri Lanka. This is the first detection of this highly terbinafine-resistant strain in Sri Lanka, and existence of this species should be taken seriously by dermatologists and healthcare policymakers for better management of tinea infections and antifungal stewardship in the country.
Colorado Tick Fever in the United States, 2013–2022
Authors: Fagre Anna , Lehman Jennifer , Hills Susan L.
Published: July 2024

Colorado tick fever (CTF) virus is an arbovirus maintained in an enzootic cycle between Rocky Mountain wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni) and rodent species in the western United States. Individuals with CTF typically present with symptoms including fever, headache, myalgia, and lethargy, with a biphasic illness frequently occurring. We reviewed data on CTF cases reported to the national U.S. arboviral disease surveillance system and identified through testing at the CDC to characterize the epidemiology of CTF from 2013–2022. During this period, 148 CTF cases were identified, all likely infected in an endemic area in one of six states (Montana, Wyoming, Oregon, Colorado, Utah, Idaho). A median of 11 cases (range: 5–37) were identified per year, with an average annual national incidence of 0.04 cases per million population. The median age of cases was 55 years (range: 1–84 years), and 96 (65%) were male. Most (n = 145; 98%) cases acquired infection from April through July. The hospitalization rate was 16% (16 of 102 cases with data), and no deaths were reported. These findings substantiate the continued circulation of CTF virus in the western United States, highlighting the importance of implementing approaches to ensure CTF awareness for medical providers and providing education on tick bite prevention strategies for residents and visitors to risk areas.
Clinicoepidemiological Profile of Ciguatera Cardiotoxicity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morihara Clarke , Yinadsawaphan Thanaboon , Capirig Christian John , Fujiuchi Bradley , Hirao Yusuke , Hu Joshua , Malone Reed McCardell , Neuendorf Jadon , Neuendorf Sable , Ongsupankul Sorawit , Shiraishi Kazushige , Benavente Kevin , Nishimura Yoshito
Published: July 2024

Patients with ciguatera poisoning commonly present with gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms, but its cardiotoxicity has been largely unrecognized. This systematic review is the first to summarize the evidence regarding clinical characteristics of cardiotoxicity from ciguatera poisoning to provide the illness script and pertinent knowledge for clinicians. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for all peer-reviewed articles using keywords including “ciguatera” and “cardiotoxicity” from their inception to January 2024. We included 20 articles, including 148 cases, in this systematic review. Among the included cases, the median age was 54 years with male predominance (62.2%). Based on the WHO designation, 68.5% were reported from the Western Pacific Region. Common symptoms included hypotension (75.0%) and bradycardia (67.6%), and chest pain or syncope were less commonly reported (2.7% and 1.4%, respectively). Sinus bradycardia was the most common electrocardiogram abnormality (35.9%), followed by atrioventricular blocks (15.4%). Symptomatic treatments such as atropine, dopamine, and epinephrine were commonly used, and only 4.1% required intensive care unit admission. None expired due to cardiotoxicity from ciguatera. This review summarizes the current evidence and the characteristics of cardiotoxicity from ciguatera. Although ciguatera cardiotoxicity is currently underrecognized, increased awareness of the condition in clinicians is crucial because the clinical outcomes of the patients could be benign as long as it is identified and intervened early.
A multi-embankment Chalcolithic walled enclosure
Authors: Texugo André , Basílio Ana Catarina , Pina Pedro , Goyanes Gabriel , Vieira Gonçalo
Published: July 2024

Ota, a key part of the Chalcolithic walled enclosure phenomenon in Portuguese Estremadura, represents a unique settlement strategy within the actual territory of Portugal. The architecture and social dynamics of this site remained largely unexplored until 2019. This study marks a significant shift in its study, utilizing a synergistic approach of archaeology and geotechnologies, embodied in the using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle equipped with LiDAR. This innovative combination successfully penetrated the dense vegetation, revealing 21 previously unknown archaeological features. The results from the fieldwork unveiled a novel type of walled enclosure at Ota, characterized by a series of four embankments. This discovery prompts a re-evaluation of the roles and practices of 3rd millennium BC communities in Portuguese Estremadura. Furthermore, the proven efficacy of this methodology paves the way for its application in similar archaeological contexts. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the recent fieldwork, integrating interpretations from LiDAR data, material studies and 14C dating.
Utilizing game theory scenarios to elicit coopetition dynamics in the development of inclusive tourism projects
Authors: Thomas Frédéric , Suansri Potjana , Richards Peter
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of employing game theory scenarios, referred to as ‘experiments’, in comprehending the behaviours of souvenir retailers within the realm of tourism project development. Specifically, the objective is to assess whether presenting various scenarios can incentivize souvenir retailers to adopt practices aligned with the project’s goals (coopetition), as opposed to the prevalent competitive behaviours, within a secluded, post-conflict setting. What sets this research apart is its utilization of behaviour modelling principles within the studied environment to discern disparities between the researchers’ initial perceptions of observed behaviours and the precise motivations guiding souvenir retailers’ decisions, thus reflecting on the researchers’ epistemological reflexivity. Our findings indicate that employing game-theoretic experiments significantly facilitated information sharing among interviewees, thereby enhancing contextual understanding. This study bridges theoretical frameworks with real-world complexities, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities inherent in promoting coopetition within unique socio-cultural contexts.
Exploratory insights into service quality and tourist perceptions in Fiji’s tourism sector
Authors: Wondirad Amare , Pratt Stephen , Schroeder Lauren , Singh Gurmeet
Published: July 2024

The service sector has become an integral component of the economy in both developed and developing nations. The role of service in tourism and hospitality is particularly profound. This paper reports on service quality across the attraction, accommodation, and transportation industries in Fiji, making it the first of its kind to examine this topic comprehensively in the country. With a 40 percent gross domestic product (GDP) contribution, tourism is Fiji’s major foreign exchange earner and leading economic sector. We collected data from visitors and industry representatives using in-depth interviews and participant as well as non-participant observations. Unlike attractions, critical service quality gaps were identified in the accommodation and transport components. Tourists specifically suggested improvements in areas such as overall hygiene, room functionality, and staff quality, among others. Research findings make substantial theoretical and practical contributions. Implications are discussed, and avenues for future research are suggested.
Unveiling the aesthetics of sacred elephant interactions: a ChatGPT-driven analysis of Tripadvisor reviews
Authors: Hajra Vandita
Published: July 2024

This study employs ChatGPT, a powerful language model, to delve into the relatively unexplored domain of sacred elephant interactions in Asia. It aims to uncover the emotional and spiritual dimensions of these encounters, identify factors influencing visitor satisfaction, and highlight areas for enhancement. It analyses 1349 Tripadvisor reviews using ChatGPT. Deriving insights from this vast dataset, the research qualitatively categorizes the key dimensions. It underscores the significance of aesthetic elements in shaping tourists’ perceptions and experiences during sacred elephant interactions, adding depth to the field of aesthetics in tourism. This research pioneers the application of ChatGPT in exploring sacred elephant interactions, demonstrating the capacity of artificial intelligence (AI) to derive meaningful insights from online reviews, contributing to an emerging field of study.
Lagrangian multiform structure of discrete and semi-discrete KP systems
Authors: Nijhoff Frank W
Published: July 2024

A variational structure for the potential AKP system is established using the
novel formalism of a Lagrangian multiforms. The structure comprises not only
the fully discrete equation on the 3D lattice, but also its semi-discrete
variants including several differential-difference equations asssociated with,
and compatible with, the partial difference equation. To this end, an overview
is given of the various (discrete and semi-discrete) variants of the KP system,
and their associated Lax representations, including a novel `generating PDE'
for the KP hierarchy. The exterior derivative of the Lagrangian 3-form for the
lattice potential KP equation is shown to exhibit a double-zero structure,
which implies the corresponding generalised Euler-Lagrange equations. Alongside
the 3-form structures, we develop a variational formulation of the
corresponding Lax systems via the square eigenfunction representation arising
from the relevant direct linearization scheme.
The General Mathematics Course ‘Mathematics and Life Sciences’ for Non-science and Engineering Students
Authors: Kim Soojeong
Published: July 2024

In modern society, alongside the rapid advancement of science and technology, the role and importance of mathematics are increasingly being emphasized. Such advancements, including data analysis and artificial intelligence development, rely fundamentally on mathematical thinking and theory, which have become essential elements across all academic disciplines. Against this backdrop, the role of university general mathematics education has become undeniably important. It is necessary not only for students in science and engineering, but also for those in the humanities and social sciences, to have access to balanced mathematical education. To this end, universities must focus on developing a variety of general mathematics courses. This paper presents a detailed case study of the design and operation of a basic general mathematics course titled “Mathematics and Life Sciences,” offered to students in the humanities and social sciences at Y University in Seoul. The course is structured to enable students to learn essential basic mathematics theories that are crucial across various disciplines and to apply them to phenomena in life sciences. In doing so, students will gain a better understanding of certain interdisciplinary connections as well as enhance their thinking and problem-solving skills. Additionally, this paper analyzes the educational effects and positive feedback from students obtained through a decade of continuous improvement in the content and operation of this course. Based on this analysis, this paper proposes future directions for development and research tasks in the educational field. This research is expected to contribute to the exploration of the direction in which university general mathematics education should head.
Rethinking the Criteria for Liberal Education Courses
Authors: Lee Jinhee
Published: July 2024

Sheldon Rothblatt argues that the subject does not define liberal education but rather that anything taught liberally constitutes liberal education. We partially agree with Rothblatt's assertion. In short, while we concur with his claim that not all traditional liberal arts automatically constitute liberal education, we believe that for liberal education to be taught and learned liberally, the curriculum should be centered around the traditional liberal arts. This argument unfolds in three distinct phases, each contributing to a deeper understanding of liberal education. The first phase delves into the elements that define liberal education, drawing on Rothblatt's assertion and the case of Harvard's general education. This analysis presents civic engagement and adaptability as crucial yet often overlooked components of liberal education. In the second phase, we introduce the concepts of ‘fundamentality’ and ‘openness’ as pivotal to liberal teaching within liberal education. ‘Fundamentality’ refers to the ability to question fundamental principles, laws, and assumptions openly. To satisfy these elements, we argue that disciplines from the traditional liberal arts are indispensable in liberal education. The final phase will demonstrate the need for ‘fundamentality’ and ‘openness’ through the example of logical education. We will illustrate issues that arise from using inference rules of classical logic without precisely understanding their meaning and show that overcoming these problems requires openness to questioning. This will show why the liberal education curriculum should be structured around traditional liberal arts disciplines.
Implications for the Organization and Operation of Liberal Arts Curriculum by the Difference in Educational Consumers' Perception of the Identity and Content of Liberal Arts Education
Authors: Jeong Jieon
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine whether there are differences in the perception of the importance of liberal arts education by role and content for each educational consumer and to derive implications for how to reflect these differences in the organization and operation of the liberal arts curriculum. To achieve this, basic statistical analyses and one-way ANOVA were conducted on survey data collected from 1,720 students, faculty, graduates, and industry representatives in Busan, Korea. The results confirmed differences in perception among each educational consumer regarding which role of general education is considered more important. In particular, students perceived all roles of general education except for ‘complementing major education’ as less important compared to other consumer groups. Clear differences were also observed in the importance attributed to specific content areas by each group. While Faculty and industry representatives perceived the importance of humanities most highly, students and graduates prioritized employment-related areas such as practical skills, IT utilization skills, and foreign language abilities. Moreover, they perceived the importance of humanities and social sciences, which correspond to the traditional liberal arts and education areas, as less significant. Based on this difference in perception of the educational consumer groups, four implications for practitioners to consider in the process of development and implementation of liberal arts education were proposed.
Introduction
Authors: George Lois ,   The University of the West Indies, Mona, Hordatt Gentles Carol ,   The University of the West Indies, Mona
Published: July 2024

Acknowledging the significant role that both the Caribbean Journal of Education and the Journal of Education and Development in the Caribbean have played in supporting research in the Caribbean, this inaugural issue honours the contributions of all the authors who have published their work in these two journals. Distinguished Caribbean scholars provide readers with insight into the historical and foundational knowledge that underpins past and current educational research and policy in the region and speak to the role of Caribbean scholarship in the ongoing development and transformation of Caribbean education.
Transformações Territoriais no Estado do Espírito Santo e a Dinâmica Migratória no Município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (ES)
Authors: Oliveira dos Santos Yago , Mariano Dota Ednelson
Published: July 2024

A dinâmica migratória no interior do Brasil vem se modificando, assim como em outras partes que concentram maior volume de população e recursos econômicos. Neste artigo analisamos como as mudanças na migração do município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (ES) refletem as transformações territoriais em curso no estado do Espírito Santo. São utilizados para a análise os dados de migração do Censo Demográfico de 1991, 2000 e 2010, além dos dados da RAIS Como resultado, verificou-se que a mudança do saldo migratório foi resultado da estagnação econômica do município, provocada pelas transformações territoriais derivadas das mudanças na alocação dos investimentos econômicos e das infraestruturas instaladas no estado, que estão se direcionando nas últimas décadas para a porção litorânea  do estado.