bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Put-Call Parity Certainty Equivalent Rate and the Implied Put-Call Parity Certainty Equivalent Rate Surface
Authors: He Yifan , Rachev Svetlozar T
Published: June 2023

In real financial markets, the certainty equivalent rate is an important factor for investors to consider. From the value of a specific company’s certainty equivalent rate, investors can judge if this company is worth investing in. In this paper, we will explore how to obtain the value of the certainty equivalent rate so that we can evaluate a given company. First, we will introduce the theoretical support of this paper, which is put-call parity. From put-call parity, we will derive the mathematical expression for the certainty equivalent rate. Second, we will use the mathematical expression for the certainty equivalent rate to perform an empirical study. We will consider some extreme examples, including some of the best- and worst-performing stocks up to this point in 2023. Based on these stocks’ data, we will visualize the performance of these stocks and explain the meaning of the data. Finally, we will apply the results to a very popular industry—the electric vehicle industry—to explore the current electric vehicle market situation in the U.S.A.
Research Status and Prospect of Alloying Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Series Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Jue , Li Faguo
Published: June 2023

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy has high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, fracture toughness and fatigue resistance. It is one of the most important structural materials in the fields of aviation, aerospace, weapons, transportation and so on, which plays a huge role in the field of aerospace.In order to optimize the strength, toughness and corrosion properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, alloying has always been the focus of research on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. The effects of main alloying elements, trace alloying elements and rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy were briefly introduced in the paper, and the future research directions were prospected.
Who Is a Zero Dose Child? Comparing Different Approaches To Define Zero Dose Children and How Their Profile Changes Based on the Definition Through an Analysis of 82 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Wonodi Chizoba , Farrenkopf Brooke Amara
Published: June 2023

While there is a coordinated effort around reaching zero dose children and closing existing equity gaps in immunization delivery, it’s important that there is agreement and clarity around how ‘zero dose status’ is defined and what is gained and lost by using different indicators for zero dose status. There are two popular approaches used in research, program design, and advocacy to define zero dose status: one uses a single vaccine to serve as a proxy for zero dose status, while another uses a subset of vaccines to identify children who have missed all routine vaccines. We provide a global analysis utilizing the most recent publicly available DHS and MICS data to compare the number, proportion, and profile of children 12 to 23 months who are ‘penta-zero dose’ (have not received the pentavalent vaccine), ‘truly’ zero dose (have not received the BCG, polio, pentavalent, and measles vaccines), and ‘misclassified’ zero dose children (those who are penta-zero dose but have received at least one other vaccine). Our analysis includes 194,829 observations from 82 low- and middle-income countries. Globally, 14.2% of children are penta-zero dose and 7.5% are truly zero dose, suggesting that 46.5% of penta-zero dose children have had at least one contact with the immunization system. While there are similarities in the profile of children that are penta-zero dose and truly zero dose, there are key differences between the proportion of key characteristics among truly zero dose and misclassified zero dose children, including access to maternal and child health services. By understanding the extent of connection zero dose children may have with the health and immunization system and contrasting it with how much the use of a more feasible definition of zero dose may underestimate the level of vulnerability in the zero dose population, we provide insights that can help immunization programs design strategies that better target the most disadvantaged populations. If the vulnerability profiles of the truly zero dose children are qualitatively different from that of the penta zero dose children, then failing to distinguish the truly zero dose populations, and how to optimally reach them, may lead to the development of misguided or inefficient strategies for vaccinating the most disadvantaged population of children.
Coherent States of the p-Adic Heisenberg Group and Entropic Uncertainty Relations
Authors: Zelenov Evgeny
Published: June 2023

Properties of coherent states for the Heisenberg group over a field of $p$-adic numbers are investigated. It turns out that coherent states form an orthonormal basis. The family of all such bases is parametrized by a set of self-dual lattices in the phase space. The Wehrl entropy $S_W$ is considered and its properties are investigated. In particular, it is proved that $S_W\geq 0$ and vanishes only on coherent states. For a pair of different bases of coherent states, an entropic uncertainty relation is obtained. It is shown that the lower bound for the sum of the corresponding Wehrl entropies is given by the distance between the lattices. The proof uses the fact that the bases of coherent states corresponding to a pair of lattices are mutually unbiased.
Electrochemical Determination of Epinephrine in Pharmaceutical Preparation using Laponite Clay Modified Graphene Inkjet-Printed Electrode
Authors: Pecheu Chancellin Nkepdep , Tchieda Victor Kougoum , Tajeu Kevin Yemele , Jiokeng Sherman Lesly Zambou , Lesch Andreas , Tonle Ignas Kenfack , Ngameni Emmanuel , Janiak Christoph
Published: June 2023

Epinephrine (EP, also called adrenaline) is a compound belonging to the catecholamine neurotransmitter family. It can cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This work describes an amperometric sensor for the electroanalysis of EP, based on an inkjet-printed graphene electrode (IPGE), modified by a thin film of a laponite (La) clay mineral. The ion exchange properties and permeability of the prepared sensor (denoted La/IPGE) were evaluated using multi-sweep cyclic voltammetry while its charge transfer resistance was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed globally that La/IPGE exhibited more a sensitive response towards the detection of EP, in comparison with the bare IPGE. The developed sensor was directly applied for the determination of EP in aqueous solution using differential pulse voltammetry, and under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was plotted in the concentration range of 0.8 to 60 μM. The anodic peak current of EP was directly proportional to its concentration, leading to a detection limit of 0.29 μM. The sensor was successfully applied for the determination of EP in pharmaceutical preparation and best recovery rates were also obtained. The interfering effect of selected species was evaluated to highlight the selectivity of the elaborated sensor.
Abrasion Evaluation of Moon and Mars Simulants on Rotating Shaft/Sealing Materials: Simulants and Structural Materials Review and Selection
Authors: Barkó György , Kalácska Gábor , Keresztes Róbert , Zsidai László , Shegawu Hailemariam , Kalácska Ádám
Published: June 2023

Tribological testing of moving shaft/sealing pairs in complex environments is at the frontline of research. Machines working in abrasive conditions are subject to different wear effects. It is valid not only on the Earth but especially valid for rovers and future robots used in Mars and Moon missions. The aim of our joint research with the European Space Agency is to study the abrasion phenomena of moving machine elements on Mars and the Moon, by using artificial soil samples (“simulants”). This review detail the available simulant sources and recommend a selection of the most suitable ones for tribological testing. Moreover, the potential mating structural materials subjected to abrasive space applications are reviewed. The tribological tests are exploring the features of the rotary shaft/seal relationship that is subject to dry friction and intense abrasion. By using the simulants, measurements are performed under laboratory conditions with both a sample test and a real shaft/seal connection. Parameters of the selection criteria have been defined and classification of the simulant sources were made. It was found that simulant particle size distribution and chemical substance content is detailed enough only for a limited type of available artificial Moon and Mars soil samples. 4 simulants have been identified and applied later in the tribological testing. For the shaft materials, based on a detailed case study of polymers, steel and aluminium alloys, a high-strength aluminium alloy with a hard anodized surface and a stainless steel were selected for further abrasion tests.
Research Status and Future Perspectives of Low Dimensional Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Materials
Authors: Xu Huaping , Tang Tao , Man Zengming , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhao Haiqiang , Liang Xiaohui , Li Chuanying
Published: June 2023

Highly efficient, broadband and distinctively structured electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials exhibit huge exceptions with multi-functions in both military and civilian fields. Searching the relationship between structural and EMW performance is beneficial to develop outstanding microwave absorption materials, and has become an attractive research topic. In this study, we briefly reviewed the different EMW absorption mechanisms and key influence factors, then, present the latest developments in low-dimensional (LD) EMW absorption materials. We provide a comprehensive discussion of remarkable examples and summarize the main information related to the structure-function relationship of dimensional design and structural engineering in order to facilitate the rapid evolution of this fascinating field.
Current Trends in the Use of Semiconducting Materials for Electrochemical Aptasensing
Authors: Bousiakou Leda , Al-Dosary Omar , Economou Anastasios , Subjakova Veronika , Hianik Tibor
Published: June 2023

Aptamers are synthetic single stranded oligonucleotides that exhibit selective binding properties to specific targets, thereby providing as powerful basis for the development of selective and sensitive (bio)chemical assays, such as biosensors. Electrochemical biosensors, utilizing aptamers as biological recognition elements, namely aptasensors, are at the forefront of current research. They exploit the combination of the unique properties of aptamers with the advantages of electrochemical detection with the view to fabricate inexpensive and portable analytical platforms for rapid detection in point-of-care (POC) applications or on-site monitoring. The immobilization of aptamers on suitable substrates is of paramount importance with the aim to retain their functionality and optimize the sensors’ sensitivity. This work describes different immobilization strategies for aptamers on the surface of semiconductor-based working electrodes, including metal oxides, conductive polymers and carbon allotropes. These are presented as platforms with tunable band gaps and different surface morphologies for the preparation of low cost, highly versatile aptasensor devices in analytical chemistry. A survey of the current literature is provided, discussing each analytical method. Future trends envisage for aptamer-based biosensing using semiconductors are also outlined.
Assessing the Impact of Oil Price Volatility on Food Prices in Saudi Arabia: Insights from Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) Analysis
Authors: Darwez Faten , Alharbi Farea , Ifa Adel , Bayomei Samah , Mostfa Engy , Alrawad Mahmaod
Published: June 2023

This research investigates the impact of oil price fluctuations on food prices in Saudi Arabia between 1979 and 2020 using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) methodology. The study employs Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillip Perron (PP) tests to determine the integration order of the variables and Bounds testing to confirm the existence of long-run cointegration relationships between each variable. The results indicate that oil shocks influence food prices through several mechanisms. Firstly, the cost of energy increases due to the rise in oil prices, affecting the agricultural commodity market, including farm equipment, food processing, packaging, and distribution costs. Secondly, the demand for agricultural commodities to produce biofuels affects food availability and, thus, food prices. Thirdly, as an oil-based economy, the oil price shock affects food prices through its impact on government spending, which affects aggregate demand and liquidity. Therefore, Saudi Arabia should adopt appropriate policies to mitigate the impact of oil price shocks on food prices, including investing in renewable energy sources, diversifying its economy, and improving food production and supply chain efficiency. Additionally, implementing appropriate fiscal policies to ensure sufficient budget allocation for food support programs is crucial. However, investing in groundwater exploration can contribute significantly to the development of Saudi agriculture and to gradually achieving food self-sufficiency.
A new approach for DVHOP localization algorithm improvement in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Arroub Omar , Darif Anouar , Saadane Rachid , Rahmani My Driss , Aarab Zineb
Published: June 2023

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are mostly utilized in many applications. Indeed, WSN is composed of sensors to evaluate some physical phenomena. However, the information brought by the sensor still missed if we don't know the exact location of the event. Several localization algorithms have been proposed in order to locate the nodes in WSN. The localization algorithms are categorized into range-based and range-free techniques. The range-based techniques use either distance or time to calculate the coordinates of unknown nodes. Nevertheless, those kinds of techniques need some additional material in computation purpose. Therefore, range-based techniques present an expensive solution for positioning in WSN. Alternatively, range-free techniques may do the same task without involving additional material. But they don’t offer a high precision of localization in comparison with range-based techniques. DVHOP is the most popular range-free technique that uses the hop count method in the localization process. In this work, we propose an improvement of DVHOP localization algorithm to create three improved versions of this algorithm and we have achieved that by adopting two meta-heuristic (simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization) and FMINCON solver dedicated to the optimization in the field of WSN nodes localization. The experimental results obtained in this work show clearly the gain and the good impact of our proposition.
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Of a Premaxillary Device: A New Type of Subperiosteal Implant to Treat Severe Atrophy of the Maxilla
Authors: Cipollina Alessandro , Ceddia Mario , Di Pietro Natalia , Inchingolo Francesco , Tumedei Margherita , Romasco Tea , Piattelli Adriano , Specchiulli Alessandro , Trentadue Bartolomeo
Published: June 2023

Extreme atrophy of the maxilla poses still challenging for the clinicians. Some of the techniques used could be complex, risky, expensive, time consuming and should be performed, preferably, only by skilled surgeons. Most the commonly used techniques have been reported to have very high success percentages; however, sometimes complications may occur. In this regard, Premaxillary Device (PD) is a technique that has been devised to render more simple the reconstruction of extremely atrophic maxilla, trying to avoid more complicated and risky surgical procedures. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) allows evaluation of several differen aspects of dental implant biomechanics. Our results showed that the use of PD allows an optimal distribution of the stresses on the basal bone, avoiding tension peaks that could determine bone resorption or, even, implant failure. ANSYS has been used to perform this type of localized finite element analysis; with this type of analysis, it was possible to analyze the peri-crestal area of the plant more precisely and the PD through a more accurate reconstruction of the mesh element, which allowed us to mathematically solve the FEA solution. A most favorable biomechanical behavior has been found for the materials such as titanium alloys and reduce stress levels for bone, implants, screws, and abutments. Moreover, the stress values did not exceed bone strength limits for basal bone and titanium alloy. In conclusion, from a biomechanical point of view, PD could be considered a viable alternative for rehabilitation of severe atrophic maxilla.
Apples and Apple By-Products: Antioxidant Properties and Food Applications
Authors: Asma Umme , Morozova Ksenia , Ferrentino Giovanna , Scampicchio Matteo
Published: June 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing natural antioxidants as alternatives to synthetic additives in food products. Apples and apple by-products have gained attention as a potential source of natural antioxidants due to their rich phenolic content. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the antioxidant properties of apples and apple by-products, their extraction techniques as well as potential applications in food products because of their an-tioxidant or nutritional properties. The findings here reported highlights the proper utilization of apples and their by-products in food to reduce the detrimental effect on the environment and provide a positive impact on the economy.
THE INVESTIGATIONS OF TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND BIOCHEMICAL SERUM PROFILE IN THYMOQUINONE-TREATED RATS
Authors: Kurt E , Dede S , Ragbetli C
Published: June 2023

Background: This study was planned to determine the dosage and duration of thymoquinone (TQ) at which it demonstrates the optimum effect on the total antioxidant status (TAS) and the biochemical parameters in the blood serum.

Materials and Methods: 48 male rats (Wistar-albino) weighing between 200-250 g were used as material. Group 1 (control) (TQ solution 5 mg/kg/day), Group 2 (15 mg/kg/day), Group 3 (30 mg/kg/day), Group 4 (45 mg/kg/day) and Group 5 (60 mg/kg/day) were designated, each containing 8 rats. Different doses of TQ (oral gavage) were administered for four weeks.

Results: The TAS levels were determined to be considerably low statistically in all TQ-administered groups in comparison with the control group. It was determined that the serum biochemical parameters exerted a significant effect depending on the TQ doses.

Conclusion: As a result, rats administered with TQ orally, at 60 mg/kg dosage, show that the liver and kidney function parameters in particular as different from normal. This brings us to the conclusion that at this dosage, there is reliable biochemical wise but future protective studies in which 30 mg/kg doses can be used safely is encouraged.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PIPER CANINUM AND CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITION BY METHOXYLATED FLAVONES
Authors: Nadri Muhammad Helmi , Naser Mohammed Abu Naser , Zulkifli Razauden Mohamed , Muhamad Ida Idayu , Ahmad Farediah , Wan Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi , Sirat Hasnah M.
Published: June 2023

Background: The crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Piper caninum was studied for their bioactivities.

Material and method: The present study was carried out with the following aims: (1) to quantify the total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activities of the crude extracts by Folin-Ciocalteu and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. (2) to determine the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition activities of selected isolated compounds as assessed by molecular docking and in vitro cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition assay.

Results: Methanolic extracts of Piper caninum exhibited the highest total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activities. All the pure compounds possessed significant cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition at physiological concentrations.

Conclusion: Based on our findings of the molecular docking and in vitro study, we therefore suggest that Piper caninum methoxylated flavones are potent inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 at physiological concentrations.
PROXIMATE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF INDIGENOUS LANDRACES OF OMANI FENUGREEK SEEDS
Authors: Ali Amanat , Waly Mostafa I , Bhatt Neeru , Al-Saady Nadiya A
Published: June 2023

Background: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L) is receiving global attention as a functional food due to its unique nutritional and medicinal properties as anti-diabetic, hypocholesterolemic, antipyretic, anti-carcinogenic and seasoning and flavoring agent.

Materials and Methods: Seeds of indigenous fenugreek accessions were collected from three different ecological regions (Al-Dakhaliyah, Al¬Dhahirah, and Al-Batinah) of Sultanate of Oman. The samples were analyzed for proximate chemical composition, phytochemical contents and antioxidant properties.

Results: Only significant (P
ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L. SHOWS ANTI-THROMBOSIS ACTIVITY IN RATS
Authors: Ding Tong-bin , Jian Li-guo , Zhao Jiang-tao , Liu Shi-chao , Zhang Jin-ying , Wu Sheng Hao
Published: June 2023

Background: The study was designed to study the anti-thrombosis activity of Carthamustinctorius L. (CTL) ethanol extraction rats.

Material and Methods: Common carotid artery FeCl3-induced thrombus and inferior vena cava thrombosis occlusion time, plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2(TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α(6-keto-PGF1α) were measured in rats.

Results: Venous occlusion time was prolonged in rats. Arterial and venous thrombus weights were dose-dependently reduced in CTL groups.TXB2 decreased and 6-keto-PGF1α increased with CTL and aspirin, with an association between 6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2 and arterial or venous thrombus weight for all products, and for occlusion time with CTL but not for aspirin.

Conclusion: The experimental effects of CTL on thrombosis in rats were confirmed. Again, further explorations of putative clinical effects appear justified.
MEDICINAL PLANT USE OF VILLAGERS IN THE MOPANI DISTRICT, LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Shai Leshweni Jeremia , Chauke Alinah Mildred , Mogale Alfred Mothatheo , Tshisikhawe Peter M , Mokgotho Phineas M
Published: June 2023

Background: An ethnomedical survey of plants was conducted at Mashishimale village near Phalaborwa, in Limpopo Province (South Africa). Owing to high level of poverty and lack of proper daily operational healthcare facilities in certain parts of Mashishimale village, the use of plants as medicine persists. The aim of the study was to compile a list of medicinal plants used by traditional health practitioners for treatment of diabetes mellitus and other ailments.

Materials and methods: Traditional health practitioners were identified using the snowballing sampling technique. Structured interviews were conducted and a list of medicinal plants compiled. Data collection included local names of the plants, the plant parts used in the traditional medicine, the disease treated by the plant-based remedies and the method of preparation of the medicines.

Results and discussion: A total of 49 plants species belonging to 20 different families we identified. Plant parts used in preparation of remedies by practitioners are roots (51%), stem barks (30%) and leaves (19%). The most preferred methods of administration were boiling (74%) and infusion (12%). About 14 plants species were indicated for treatment of diabetes mellitus, while most plant species were indicated for sexually transmitted diseases, fertility and erectile dysfunction.

Conclusion: The results of the survey indicate that plants play a significant role in primary healthcare of the community of Mashishimale Village. It would seem that a number of major diseases/ailments are treated by traditional methods. Scientific investigation is therefore needed to isolate active compounds and to determine safe dosages for treatment. These studies may guide the regulation of herbal medicine industry in South Africa.

Key words: Ethnobotanical, Medicinal plants, Mashishimale village
AN ALTERNATIVE HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT AGENT: THE GERANIUM
Authors: Bautista-Avila Mirandeli , Madrigal-SantillÃ¡n Eduardo , Morales-GonzÃ¡lez Angel , Gayosso-de-Lucio Juan A. , Madrigal-Bujaidar Eduardo , Chamorro-Cevallo German , Alvarez-GonzÃ¡lez Isela , Benedi Juana , Aguilar-Faisal JosÃ© Leopoldo , Morales-GonzÃ¡lez Jose A.
Published: June 2023

The Geranium genus is taxonomically classified within the family Geraniaceae Juss, which includes 5-11 genera and nearly 750 species in total. The best-known genera of this family are Geranium, consisting largely of wild plants, and Pelargonium, consisting largely of ornamental plants. Traditional uses include as an antiseptic in wounds and as an antipyretic by infusion of the plant. Currently, eight different species of geraniums belonging to the family Geraniaceae have been identified in Hidalgo State in Central Mexico, and no chemical or pharmacological studies have been carried out in any of these eight species. All phytochemical studies on these species indicate the presence of polyphenolic compounds, including tannins, which are characterized as water-soluble compounds with molecular weights between 500 and 30,000 g/mol. These and other compounds warrant the exploration of the Germanium genus for uses related to ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.
EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF COMPOUND HERBS PUXING YINYANG SAN
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Xurong , Zhang Jingyan , Yang Zhiqiang , Liu Youbin , Cui Dongan , Qin Zhe , Meng Jiaren , Kong Xiaojun , Wang Xuezhi , Li Jianxi
Published: June 2023

Background: Bovine mastitis is one of the most relevant and problematic diseases to treat and control in practice. Puxing Yinyang San (PYS) is

a compound of herbs to treat bovine mastitis in China. This study was performed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of

PYS in mice and rats.

Materials and Methods: The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of PYS were determined using acetic acid-induced writhing response,

hot plate test, xylene-induced ear swelling test, carrageenan-induced paw edema test, and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability and

leukocyte infiltration test with oral doses of 155, 310 and 620 mg/kg·bw in mice or rats.

Results: The acetic acid-induced writhing response was dose-dependently inhibited by oral administration of PYS and the latency time to

thermal stimuli was increased in the hot plate test, especially 90 minutes after treatment. In the xylene-induced ear swelling, PYS significantly

decreased swelling degree in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PYS significantly suppressed the peritoneal capillary permeability and

leukocyte infiltration in mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. PYS also significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced rat paw

edema at 2, 3, and 4 h after the carrageenan injection. The results suggested that PYS possessed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory

activities.

Conclusion: This study was the first to demonstrate that oral administration of PYS might play an important role in the process of analgesia and

anti-inflammation, supporting its treatment for mastitis. Future investigations will focus on the broader involvement of the ingredients and

mechanisms responsible for pharmacological activities of PYS.
VASOCONSTRICTIVE EFFECT OF XINMAILONG IN RAT AORTA
Authors: Yang Cui , Zhang Lifang , Dai Rong , Ji Siping , Li Fang , Shao Weizai , Que Yuling , Hu Ling , Lin Qing
Published: June 2023

Background: Cockroach has been utilized traditionally in China for the therapy of cardiovascular disorders, such as heart failure. The present study was aimed to assess the vasoconstrictive effect of Xinmailong Injection (XML), a bioactive composite from American cockroach.

Methodology: The isometric tensions of rat aortic rings were measured after acutely treated with XML. Meanwhile, the systemic blood pressures (SBPs) were recorded and the levels of the endothelium-derived cytokines in blood samples were detected after rats were administered with XML for 3 days. Protein expression for the L-type Ca2+ channels (Cav1.2) was also determined in rat thoracic aorta.

Results: XML induced vasoconstrictions in rat aortic rings with or without endothelium. In addition, the vasoconstrictions due to extracellular Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release were also elevated by XML. After treatment with XML for 3 days, the levels of prostacyclin (PGI2) were markedly elevated whereas the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were not significantly changed in rats. Furthermore, expression of the Cav1.2 protein was significantly enhanced in aorta but the SBPs of rats were not influenced.

Conclusion: XML plays an important role in regulating vascular tone. The increases of the extracellular Ca2+ influx and the intracellular Ca2+ release may contribute to the vasoconstriction induced by XML. Our findings pave the ways to better understand the therapeutic effects of XML on cardiovascular system.
BELAMCANDA CHINENSIS (L.) DC: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF AN IMPORTANT TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
Authors: Xin Rui-hua , Zheng Ji-fang , Cheng Long , Peng Wen-jing , Luo Yong-jiang
Published: June 2023

Background: Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC (Iridaceae), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine known as She Gan (Chinese: 射干), is a

flowering perennial herb native to East Asia. For thousands of years in China, the rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis has been used to treat

inflammation, oxyhepatitis, mumps, acute mastitis, and asthma, as well as throat disorders such as cough, tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Belamcanda

chinensis is now listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. The present paper reviews the advancements in the investigation

of botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Belamcanda chinensis.

Materials and Methods: Information on Belamcanda chinensis was collected from scientific journals, books, theses and reports via library and

electronic search (PubMed, CNKI, Elsevier, ACS, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar,Web of Science and Science Direct).

Results: A number of chemical compounds have been isolated from Belamcanda chinensis, and the major isolated compounds have been

identified as isoflavonoids, flavonoids and iridal-type triterpenoids. Among these active compounds, the effects of tectoridin and tectorigenin

have been widely investigated. The primary active components in Belamcanda chinensis possess a wide range of pharmacological activities,

including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, anti-alcohol injury, cardiovascular and oestrogenic activities.

Conclusions: As an important traditional Chinese medicine, Belamcanda chinensis has been demonstrated to have marked bioactivity, especially

in the respiratory system and as an oestrogenic and hepatoprotective agent. This activity is related to its traditional use and provides

opportunities for the development of novel drugs and therapeutic products for various diseases. However, the toxicity of Belamcanda chinensis

will require further study, and more attention should be devoted to its better utilization.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA DENGAN SELF EFFICACY SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI
Authors: Risakotta Kathleen Asyera , Sapulette Shella Gilby
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to find whether enterpreneuship education has an effect on Interest in enterpreneuship with Self efficacy as a moderating variable, and find whether the family environment influences interest in enterpreneuship with self efficacy as a moderating variable. This research was conducted with quantitative methodes. Sampling technique using purposive sampling. Primary data in the form of a questionnaire used in this study. This study uses the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of the study show that enterpreneuship education influences the interest in enterpreneuship. The family environment influences the interest in enterpreneuship. Self efficacy moderate the relationship between enterpreneuship education dan enterpreneuship interest. Self efficacy moderates the relationship between the family environment and interest in enterpreneuship.
DAMPAK TRANSMISI KEBIJAKAN MONETER TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Yusri  , Chairina  , Rifdah Riyan Dara
Published: June 2023

Indonesia menganut pada sistem moneter ganda yaitu menggunakan sistem moneter konvensional dan syariah. Agar kebijakan moneter dapat mencapai tujuan, maka dibutuhkan mekanisme jalur yang disebut sebagai mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris pengaruh instrumen transmisi kebijakan moneter konvensional (dalam hal ini berupa kredit atau pinjaman dan suku bunga) dan instrumen transmisi kebijakan moneter syariah (dalam hal ini berupa pembiayaan syariah dan bagi hasil) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Sumatera Utara. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa data time series bulanan dengan periode tahun 2015 sampai 2021 yang dipublikasikan oleh Bank Indonesia, OJK dan Badan Pusat Statistik melalui website resmi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis regresi linier berganda dengan Eviews. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transmisi kebijakan moneter konvensional (kredit atau pinjaman (LOAN) dan suku bunga (INT)) berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Sumatera Utara. Transmisi kebijakan moneter syariah (pembiayaan syariah (FINC) dan profit loss sharing (PLS)) berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Sumatera Utara. Secara parsial, kredit atau simpanan (LOAN), suku bunga (INT) dan tingkat bagi hasil (PLS) berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Sumatera Utara. Sedangkan pembiayaan syariah (FINC) berpengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Sumatera Utara.
The impact of patients with generalized anxiety disorder in the Brazilian Private Healthcare System: a claim database study with expert’s perspective
Authors: Matos Marco Antonio , Ogata Alberto , Gondo Celso , Dieckman Luiz , Stefani Stephen , Tung Teng Chei , Bilevicius Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

This study describes the healthcare resource use and costs associated with anxiety assessing claim database outcomes and expert opinion from the perspective of the Brazilian Private Healthcare System. A retrospective analysis of the Orizon database was conducted, containing claims data of anxiety patients reported in Private Healthcare Systems (2015-2017) according to the ICD-10 code (F40 or F41 and their subtypes). Further, a 3-hour online meeting brought together five anxiety and Health Insurance Companies experts to discuss their perspectives. The total cost of the 18,069 patients identified in the database was BRL 490 million: related to medical appointments (2%), exams (16%), emergency room (5%), and others (77%). The mean number of appointments was 5.1 in a 4-year period, performed by 61% of the patients. Approximately 2,595 visits were made to psychiatrists by 923 patients, and 95% underwent at least one examination (100.6 examinations per patient, on average). The identification of anxiety patients and their corresponding burden is challenging to estimate. The higher impact is related to the frequency of healthcare use before the diagnosis than the treatment itself. These outcomes may help plan and implement adequate healthcare programs for patients with anxiety.
Innovative mechanisms of pre-marketing authorization access for rare diseases in Brazil: a case study of pabinafusp-alfa for mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Falavigna Maicon , Migliavaca Celina , Tanaka Elio , Santos Marcos
Published: June 2023

Patients with rare diseases frequently face unmet medical needs due to the high costs, lengthy development times, and slow approval processes for new treatments. This case study discusses innovative access alternatives for rare diseases in Brazil, focusing on early access to pabinafusp-alfa for mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS-II), a rare genetic lysosomal storage disease characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase. From September 2018 to March 2023, 20 Brazilian MPS-II patients received pabinafusp-alfa through a clinical research protocol. This enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) crosses the blood-brain barrier to address central nervous system manifestations unmet by existing treatments. Patients’ participation in the clinical study resulted in an estimated BRL 65 million in cost savings for the public healthcare system compared to conventional ERT with idursulfase-alfa and potentially better clinical outcomes. The case study underscores the importance of innovative mechanisms in addressing patients’ medical needs. Early access alternatives include: a) clinical study access, with execution/development aligned with healthcare managers and linked to future access strategies; b) regulatory-level risk-sharing, considering effectiveness uncertainties and the possibility of market withdrawal and/or reimbursement in case of negative results; and c) drug pre-delivery, with payment contingent on positive phase III clinical study outcomes. Although public-private partnerships in clinical research are underused, they could benefit all stakeholders by accelerating drug development, facilitating early patient access to innovative medicines, and generating healthcare system savings, particularly for rare diseases.
Participação plurissocial para aumentar a inclusão e a assertividade nas tomadas de decisão em saúde relacionadas a tratamentos da osteoporose
Authors: Papler Pérola G. , Rocha Bruna , Cortez Eliane , Mensor Luciana L.
Published: June 2023

Embora as fraturas por fragilidade sejam importantes detratoras de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, aumentando a morbimortalidade e acarretando alto impacto clínico, psicossocial e econômico, elas são pouco valorizadas e negligenciadas por médicos e até mesmo por pacientes. Além disso, os critérios de priorização para avaliação de novas tecnologias, em geral, não consideram critérios além dos financeiros para uma tomada de decisão mais inclusiva e assertiva para o tratamento da população de mais alto risco de fratura. Assim, este artigo visa revisitar alguns diferentes pontos de vista e trazer uma reflexão sobre critérios e prioridades na osteoporose. Para isso, foi considerada a perspectiva de múltiplos atores no processo de tomada de decisão em saúde, bem como analisadas as falhas na atenção a uma doença de alta prevalência e que, além do grande impacto econômico gerado para a sociedade, causa repercussões emocionais, incapacidade gerada por fraturas e medo de novas quedas ou pequenos traumas.
Design of a Novel Arithmetic Architecture Using Hybrid Vedic Sutras in Digital Signal Processing Applications
Authors: RAMAMOORTHY KARTHI KUMAR , PERIASAMY VIMAL SANKARI
Published: June 2023

Digital signal processing (DSP) is a vast and active field of research. High throughput is required for most wireless communication systems. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which lies at the heart of most modulators, is a major stumbling block to communication.The intrinsic floating-point multiplier units located within the butterfly units of every FFT execute these calculations. The performance of FFT in terms of throughput is limited by multiplication. As a result, Multiplier topologies with reduced truncation errors are needed for high-speed, low-power systems. This paper presents high-performance FFT units for DSP processor cores based on hybrid Vedic multiplier units. The Vedic multiplier that has been presented is based on the Vedic multiplication sutras. In the decimal number system, these sutras have historically been employed to multiply two numbers. In this study, a hybrid Vedic multiplier based on Indian Vedic mathematics' Urdhva-Tiryagbhyam and Nikhilam navatascaramam sutra is suggested. An efficient multiplier is the fundamental goal of this study, which aims to minimize the size and delay path of a multiplier while enhancing the performance of the processor. Verilog HDL was used to implement the complete design. Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.5, which is used for synthesis and simulations, was used. It is matched to previously reported Vedic multiplier designs in terms of speed and area consumed. It features a speedier development process and a lower computation complexity than the traditional multiplier.
Five years of Hospital at Home adoption in Catalonia: impact and challenges
Authors: González-Colom Rubèn , Carot-Sans Gerard , Vela Emili , Espallargues Mireia , Hernández Carme , Jiménez Francesc Xavier , Nicolás David , Suárez Montserrat , Torné Elvira , Villegas-Bruguera Eulalia , Ozores Fernando , Cano Isaac , Piera-Jiménez Jordi , Roca Josep
Published: June 2023

Background
Hospital at home (HaH) was increasingly implemented in Catalonia (7.7 M citizens, Spain) achieving regional adoption within the 2011–2015 Health Plan. This study aimed to assess population-wide HaH outcomes over five years (2015–2019) in a consolidated regional program and provide context-independent recommendations for continuous quality improvement of the service.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining population-based retrospective analyses of registry information with qualitative research. HaH (admission avoidance modality) was compared with a conventional hospitalization group using propensity score matching techniques. We evaluated the 12-month period before the admission, the hospitalization, and use of healthcare resources at 30 days after discharge. A panel of experts discussed the results and provided recommendations for monitoring HaH services.
Results
The adoption of HaH steadily increased from 5,185 to 8,086 episodes/year (total episodes 31,901; mean age 73 (SD 17) years; 79% high-risk patients. Mortality rates were similar between HaH and conventional hospitalization within the episode [76 (0.31%) vs. 112 (0.45%)] and at 30-days after discharge [973(3.94%) vs. 1112(3.24%)]. Likewise, the rates of hospital re-admissions at 30 days after discharge were also similar between groups: 2,00 (8.08%) vs. 1,63 (6.58%)] or ER visits [4,11 (16.62%) vs. 3,97 (16.03%). The 27 hospitals assessed showed high variability in patients’ age, multimorbidity, severity of episodes, recurrences, and length of stay of HaH episodes. Recommendations aiming at enhancing service delivery were produced.
Conclusions
Besides confirming safety and value generation of HaH for selected patients, we found that this service is delivered in a case-mix of diferent scenarios, encouraging hospital-profiled monitoring of the service.
Topical Betamethasone and Systemic Colchicine for Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Alsahaf Surab , Alkurdi Khlood A , Challacombe Stephen J , Tappuni Anwar R
Published: June 2023

Background
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is painful oral ulceration frequently treated with topical steroids. There is limited published evidence for the efficacy of this treatment for RAS and there remains a need for longitudinal randomised clinical trials to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different therapies in the management of RAS. The aim of the current project was to assess the efficacy of Betamethasone mouthwash and Colchicine tablets, individually and combined, for the treatment of RAS, and to establish the optimum treatment period necessary for a significant reduction in disease severity.
Methodology:
A randomised, prospective, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted over one year, to compare the efficacy of three therapies in RAS. One hundred and six patients were randomized into three groups; 35 received Betamethasone mouthwash, 35 had Colchicine tablets and 36 received both therapies. The response was evaluated quantitatively every 3 months for 1 year, using the Ulcer Severity Score (USS).
Results
For all three treatment regimes, the mean USS decreased by about 30% in the first 3 months (p < 0.001). Further improvement was noted for up to 9 months. At the end of the study, the mean USS had improved by 50% from 34.9 ± 7.2 before treatment to 17.5 ± 8.9 after treatment (p < 0.001). Of included participants, 86% showed significant clinical improvement by the end of the study. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the three regimes (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
This clinical trial has provided evidence for the efficacy of Betamethasone mouthwash and for Colchicine tablets in the treatment of RAS and has shown that at least six months of treatment may be required for optimum effect.
Clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN32677164
Date of clinical trial registration: 15/04/2018
Redox coupling of metals drives rate enhancement in thermochemical oxidative dehydrogenation
Authors: Daniel Isaac , Kim Bohyeon , Douthwaite Mark , Pattisson Samuel , Lewis Richard , Cline Joseph , Morgan David , Bethell Donald , Kiely Christopher , McIntosh Steven , Hutchings Graham
Published: June 2023

Supported bimetallic catalysts commonly exhibit higher rates of reaction compared to their monometallic counterparts, but the origin of these enhancements is often poorly defined. The recent discovery that cooperative redox enhancement effects in Au-Pd systems promote bimetallic catalysis in thermochemical transformations is an important development in this field, but questions relating to the generality and origin of the effect remain. Here, we demonstrate that these effects can be observed in reactions over a range of bi-metal combinations and reveal the origin of the effect using a combination of electrochemical and materials characterisation. In doing so, we uncover the physicochemical descriptors that (i) dictate whether such effects will be exhibited by a particular combination of supported metal catalysts, and (ii) determine the magnitude of the effect.
Clinical and imaging biomarkers of response to intravitreal dexamethasone implant in eyes with non-infectious uveitic macular oedema
Authors: Gerosolima Claudia , Scandale Pierluigi , Touhami Sara , Pohlmann Dominika , Giocanti-Auregan Audrey , Rosenblatt Amir , Loewenstein Anat , Bandello Francesco , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria
Published: June 2023

Objective To investigate the clinical and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) biomarkers correlating with pre-injection visual acuity (VA), post-injection VA, and the likelihood of macular oedema (MO) regression after dexamethasone (DEX) implant injection in patients with non-infectious uveitic (NIU).Methods Patients' data were collected on the date of DEX injection (pre-injection visit), and after three months (post-injection visit). Qualitative and quantitative features were assessed on pre-injection SD-OCT scans.Results Data from 173 DEX were analyzed, obtained from 103 eyes of 80 patients; 38 eyes (37%) received repeated DEX. Absent ellipsoid zone (EZ) layer and disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL) were associated with worse pre- (+ 0.19 LogMAR, 95% CI 0.01–0.38, p = 0.06, and + 0.10 LogMAR, 95% CI 0.02–0.21, p = 0.01) and post-injection VA (+ 0.33 LogMAR, 95% CI 0.08–0.57, p = 0.01, and + 0.17 LogMAR, 95% CI 0.01–0.32, p = 0.04). EZ disruption and DRIL increased (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04) and the chance of gaining ≥ 5 letters decreased in eyes undergoing repeated DEX (p = 0.002). The rate of MO regression after each DEX was 67%. Longer MO duration (OR = 0.75 for year, p = 0.02) was associated with lower chance of MO regression. Subretinal fluid was associated with higher rate of MO regression (OR = 6.09, p = 0.01).Conclusion Integrity of the inner and outer retina is associated with better visual response to DEX. Long-standing or recurrent MO is associated with less chance of both visual and anatomic response. Timely treatment is necessary to maximize the outcomes of MO in NIU patients.