bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transforming a decades-old workplace to support a multigenerational workforce for years to come: A case study
Authors: Butler Erin Murray , Jeffers Holly
Published: July 2024

A well-respected and traditional Chicago-based investment bank and asset management company expands well beyond its Midwestern roots to serve a growing clientele of high-net-worth individuals and institutions across the US, Europe and Asia. Assessing its future, the company’s managers embrace a sweeping strategy to build a towering new headquarters that will cater not just to its growing client base but also its five generations of employees. Through a six-year process of thorough and innovative surveys, testing and design, William Blair & Company arrived at an award-winning office structure that has boosted its business footprint, employee culture and civic presence. Those leading the project say that internal communications and continuing measurement of the work environment, tools and changing needs of employees and clients are key to success.
Assessing the outcomes of area-based initiatives using neighbourhood sustainability assessment tools: The case of Groruddalen
Authors: Foss Eli , Samir Wiam , Sadiq Mansoor , Plummer Judith
Published: July 2024

This paper considers the introduction of area-based initiatives to Europe to tackle urban decline. Challenges evaluating outcomes of such initiatives are uncovered through a literature review. The paper then investigates whether neighbourhood sustainability assessments tools such as Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) can successfully capture the outcomes of area-based initiatives. With the use of a case study of the Groruddalen initiative, this study seeks to uncover the applicability of neighbourhood assessment tools to measure the performance of area-based initiatives. The results reveal that these tools can capture the outcomes of area-based initiatives to some extent. If these tools were to be developed further, however, they can prove to be an effective indicator of the performance of area-based initiatives.
`Urban Transport in the Developing World. A Handbook of Policy and Practice edited` by Harry T. Dimitriou and Ralph Gakenheime
Authors: Hill Terry , Harkins Edward
Published: July 2024

Urban Transport in the Developing World. A Handbook of Policy and Practice; Edited by: Harry T. Dimitriou and Ralph Gakenheimer; Reviewed by: Terry Hill.Globalization, Modernity and the City; By: John Rennie Short; Reviewed by: Edward Harkins.Searching for the Just City/ Debates in Urban Theory and Practice; Edited by: Peter Marcuse, James Connolly, Johannes Novy, Ingrid Olivo, Cuz Potter and Justin Steil; Reviewed by: Edward Harkins.
A ‘balanced approach’ to airport marketing: The impact of low-cost airlines on tourism in Salzburg
Authors: Schano Richard
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews the marketing strategy adopted by Salzburg Airport and the impact of low-cost airlines on both tourism in the region and the airport itself.The author describes the airport's current performance before going on to identify a number of strengths and threats to its core strategy of moderate growth, enhanced productivity and expansion of existing revenue potentials.Threats include the impact of high kerosene prices on low-cost carriers; the environment and the introduction of new taxes in originating countries; and the possible effects of climate change on the region.The paper concludes that a balanced marketing approach including both low-cost carriers and network carriers to provide connectivity via Europe's hubs will be the key to continued success for both the airport and the regions it serves.
Focus on compliance: Using data to enhance the physical environment of care
Authors: Flannery Jonathan
Published: July 2024

The American Society for Health Care Engineering (ASHE) Focus on Compliance programme was developed to help health care organisations improve their compliance to the most often cited Environment of Care and Life Safety Joint Commission standards, thus providing an environment that is built and maintained to support patient care and provide the necessary life safety features for patients incapable of self-preservation. This paper provides an overview of the root cause analysis of citations issued during the Joint Commission surveys of hospitals during 2014. Through this analysis, root causes were determined for the failed compliance, and while this is important to be able to truly understand what the difficulties are in meeting compliance standards, it has also provided ASHE with valuable data to develop tools and resources for improved compliance, thus helping to optimise the health care physical environment and improving patient safety. By understanding these root causations and availing themselves of the tools and resources available, health care organisations can not only improve their compliance and therefore provide safer facilities, but, even more importantly, provide better patient care for those whom they serve. This paper is aimed at health care engineers, safety officers, compliance officers, patient safety managers and executive staff.
The role of the custodian in servicing the reporting needs of the securities industry
Authors: Stevenson Jamie
Published: July 2024

This article looks at the evolving reporting needs of the securities industry and how custodians are responding. Demand for reporting is booming driven by regulation and asset managers wanting to access operational information, oversee the services they have outsourced and share information with third parties, regulators and asset owners. Clients and custodians are also increasingly looking to extract value from their data for commercial purposes. As key intermediaries providing reporting between investment managers, counterparties and asset owners, custodians have a key role to play when it comes to reporting. Technology is the enabler. Custodians tend to favour building dedicated web-based reporting platforms instead of enhancing their various client platforms. Analytics and data visualisation tools, which present data in graphical forms giving clients intuitive insights into their data, are key features of reporting platforms. The opportunities for innovation and segmentation of what are otherwise commoditised custody products are plentiful and have already led to the launch of products including collateral management and liquidity solutions. While concerns about data security still have to be overcome, it is to be expected that the days of PDFs, Excel spreadsheets and e-mail attachments are numbered.
Transforming corporate real estate for the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Sanquist Nancy Johnson , Karpook David , Guelen Fred
Published: July 2024

It is the beginning of a new era – one where technological innovation is transforming the way we live and work at exponential speed and showing no signs of slowing down. The World Economic Forum has labelled this as the Fourth Industrial Revolution and has identified 12 technologies that have reached a maturity (and cost) level that as they are being deployed, are changing the world as we know it. In order to embrace these technological advances in a sustainable and socially ethical way, organisations all over the world have embraced the United Nation’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). From a corporate real estate (CRE) and facility management (FM) perspective, the SDGs can be used as a guide to ensure that this technological revolution is managed in a way that allows the built (and unbuilt) environment to grow and evolve in a way that is sustainable and benefits all aspects of society for years to come. In order to successfully shift into the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is also important for the CRE and FM world to look back and learn from the changes that were brought about by previous industrial revolution eras. This will help the CRE and FM industry proactively identify opportunities to develop new skillsets and work together to carve out a path that is adaptable, ethical, and relevant in the face of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This paper was written for businesses, governments, higher educational institutions and individuals to be able to understand these new concepts and be aware of the challenges brought about by the adoption of these new technologies and SDGs and the principles which can be followed during this transformative era.
Unlocking value from your sheet through working capital management
Authors: Smid Robert
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the concept of world class working capital (WC) management and recent industry trends and discusses a number of ways to realise the value that is unnecessarily tied up in corporate balance sheets. An increasing level of importance is being placed on managing WC by both leading corporates and PE houses, as the realisation of the accessible value becomes apparent. There are two key benefits of best practice management of Receivables, Payables and Inventory; the one-off release of cash into the business and the related ongoing cost savings. Reflecting on its advisory work and benchmarking, Ernst & Young believes that the largest 1,000 European companies by sales have in total up to €475bn of cash surplus to WC requirements (US$450bn for the top 1,000 US companies). Working capital management has therefore come to the forefront of the minds of leading company executives and, as such, has influenced the direction in which the business has been taken; but how are the top performing companies generating these savings? Working capital management has become a strategic objective for them, with commitment to integrated programmes with both suppliers and customers, achieving sustainable improvements through rigorous process review and implementing best practice solutions. This paper shows that a key instrument in this process is the buy-in of management and the changing behaviours of the employees from the top down.
Managing supply chains and equalising disruption in the post-pandemic era : The challenge of different stages of recovery levels across the globe
Authors: Etoimou Eirini
Published: July 2024

It is no secret that the COVID-19 pandemic changed the way we operate, both personally and professionally. With significant impacts in all facets of the business ecosystem across the globe and uncertain recovery timelines, the socioeconomic environment is facing an unprecedented situation measuring damages at local, national and global level. Business operational models have been tested and are still trying to recover from a situation the long-term impact of which is still vague. Systems such as lean and just-in-time (JIT) collapsed as a result of the lockdowns and whole cities were deserted, causing unprecedented levels of poverty among vulnerable populations, significantly increasing cases of trafficking and modern slavery. This paper analyses how rebuilding presents a challenge, but, at the same time, there are numerous opportunities to evaluate, improve and develop next actions, based on a different perspective. The lessons learned from the pandemic include risk mitigation and resilience, without overlooking the ethical face that is encapsulated by strategic business relationships.
Mutual fund risk-return profiles: A novel use of triangulation
Authors: Silverman Henry I.
Published: July 2024

This paper triangulates with ethnographic content analysis and time series data to discern risk-return profiles for active equity mutual funds. The paper identifies and establishes associations between a variety of investment objectives and risk factors disclosed or otherwise encoded in the prospectus and annual report, and compares risk factors appearing in these documents with levels of risk observed in the time series data. The findings are largely consistent with the predictions of portfolio management models discussed in the literature; however, the triangulation process also reveals critical gaps between what is disclosed in each of the primary narratives and what is observed in the secondary data, ie between what is said and what is done. Risk exposures measured ex post are not always communicated in the documents. For example, the study finds instances of undisclosed pseudo-industry risk in the form of concentrated technology holdings which may reflect a violation of prospectus covenants. The paper also finds elevated levels of residual risk in the secondary data which may be indicative of benchmark gaming.
Considerations and benefits of implementing an online database tool for business continuity
Authors: Mackinnon Susanne , Pinette Jennifer
Published: July 2024

In today’s challenging climate of ongoing fiscal restraints, limited resources and complex organisational structures there is an acute need to investigate opportunities to facilitate enhanced delivery of business continuity programmes while maintaining or increasing acceptable levels of service delivery. In 2013, Health Emergency Management British Columbia (HEMBC), responsible for emergency management and business continuity activities across British Columbia’s health sector, transitioned its business continuity programme from a manual to automated process with the development of a customised online database, known as the Health Emergency Management Assessment Tool (HEMAT). Key benefits to date include a more efficient business continuity input process, immediate situational awareness for use in emergency response and/or advanced planning and streamlined analyses for generation of reports.
The growing importance of the closing auction in share trading volumes
Authors: Raillon Franck
Published: July 2024

The increasing concentration of share trading volumes at the end of the day is a phenomenon that can be witnessed to varying degrees on all the main markets worldwide. France is, however, one of the markets where this trend has reached the highest levels, with close to 41 per cent of CAC 40 volumes traded at the closing auction on Euronext Paris in June 2019. This rate is well above the 12–14 per cent level seen in the United States. Several factors could account for this phenomenon:
• The rapid growth in passive management, for which unit creation and cancellation generally takes place at the end-of-day liquidation value and for which a precise replication entails trading at the closing price.
• The obligation of ‘best execution’ and especially reporting obligations of the tradeand- cost-analysis type to which fund managers have been subject since the application of MiFID II. By trading at the closing auction, this type of reporting becomes superfluous.
• A move to avoid high-frequency trading (HFT) arbitrageurs, who rarely get involved in the closing auction phase.
• Lastly, the role of execution algorithms, which have amplified the preceding factors, as liquidity attracts liquidity.
The study also describes the price formation process during the closing auction phase and shows that while volumes and prices converge rapidly towards their final level during the first half of the order accumulation phase (90 per cent of the volumes traded are already present in the order book with an average price differential of 0.30 per cent), final convergence takes place in the last 15 seconds of the auction. Finally, this change in market structure is accompanied by the emergence of certain risks, in particular an increased exposure to operational incidents, which could occur during this very brief phase, and lower levels of liquidity in the rest of the session.
It’s not the algorithm, it’s the ethics
Authors: Shiffman Gary M. , Wall Christopher
Published: July 2024

Machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) technologies have transformed nearly every industry, helping to realise unprecedented efficiency and effectiveness in a variety of tasks once thought the exclusive domain of humans. The financial compliance industry, however, lags its peers in adopting ML/AI tools in spite it being readily available and promising to reduce costs for financial institutions. This paper argues that the reason for delay in adoption is not ignorance of the technology but the lack of a moral consensus around its use in financial compliance. The ethics and morality behind the adoption of ML/AI tools and why compliance professionals are discouraged from adopting it in their compliance programmes are explored. The paper introduces the trolley car problem and how this explains the lack of a moral consensus of the use of ML/AI in compliance. It then explores why, even though machines today can pass the Turing test, machines are not capable of making moral judgments, meaning humans remain responsible for the actions taken by ML/AI. This creates an unprecedented burden about making moral decisions without any real benefit to compliance officials who want to do good. The argument is that if regulators change the incentive structure away from conformity to saving lives, and making this the moral regime guiding the use of ML/AI, technology adoption would increase and allow the compliance industry to change the world for the better.
Elevating corporate real estate: Changing how CRE organisations work to enable the business
Authors: Vazquez John M.
Published: July 2024

Corporate real estate (CRE) organisations must fundamentally think and act differently than they have in the past, to elevate their importance and increase the amount of value they add to the business. The CRE organisation must manage the conversation in the C-suite by speaking in business terms and abandoning real estate speak in order to reshape how the business perceives the value of its real estate and workplace. CRE leaders must develop unique and timely opportunities to monetise, manage and reposition its assets in a cost-effective manner. Equally crucial to CRE leaders is the agility to change the portfolio quickly, unlock trapped value and structure innovative deals. CRE must successfully conceive and execute transformational strategies and forge internal and external partnerships to act faster and accelerate their brand. With this multi-faceted approach, driven by a focus on talent, location and business productivity a CRE organisation can enable the business and ultimately earn its seat at the C-suite table.
Measuring disaster-resilient communities: A case study of coastal communities in Indonesia
Authors: Kafle Shesh Kanta
Published: July 2024

Vulnerability reduction and resilience building of communities are central concepts in recent policy debates. Although there are fundamental linkages, and complementarities exist between the two concepts, recent policy and programming has focused more on the latter. It is assumed here that reducing underlying causes of vulnerabilities and their interactions with resilience elements is a prerequisite for obtaining resilience capabilities. An integrated approach, incorporating both the vulnerability and resilience considerations, has been taken while developing an index for measuring disaster-resilient communities. This study outlines a method for measuring community resilience capabilities using process and outcome indicators in 43 coastal communities in Indonesia. An index was developed using ten process and 25 outcome indicators, selected on the basis of the ten steps of the Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction (ICBRR) process, and key characteristics of disaster resilient communities were taken from various literatures. The overall index value of all 43 communities was 63, whereas the process and outcome indicator values were measured as 63 and 61.5 respectively. The core components of this index are process and outcome indicators. The tool has been developed with an assumption that both the process and outcome indicators are equally important in building disaster-resilient communities. The combination of both indicators is an impetus to quality change in the community. Process indicators are important for community understanding, ownership and the sustainability of the programme; whereas outcome indicators are important for the real achievements in terms of community empowerment and capacity development. The process of ICBRR approach varies by country and location as per the level of community awareness and organisational strategy. However, core elements such as the formation of community groups, mobilising those groups in risk assessment and planning should be present in all the countries or locations. As this study shows, community resiliency can be measured but any such measurement must be both location- and hazard-specific.
Sustainable communities: The Atlanta Airport EcoDistrict
Authors: Marshall Charles F.
Published: July 2024

Sustainable practices in asset management are becoming new business requirements. This paper shows how an airport community consisting of the airport operator, airlines, concession operators and other organisations doing business at the airport have come together to work in concert to improve sustainability at the world’s busiest airport, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. This community, the Airport EcoDistrict ATL Community, is illustrated by examining the development and operation of one of the committees of the EcoDistrict — the Utilities Committee. Through policy development, third party consultation and identification and development of other resources, the committee is empowering its members to develop and implement sustainable energy and water efficiency improvement measures.
Developments in industry standards for cross-border payments
Authors: Knorr Michael
Published: July 2024

The Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures has outlined 19 pillars for improving cross-border payments and payment standards, calling for common standards to reduce cost and allow more competition, innovation and transparency. This paper discusses the history and context of payment standards, their benefits, and future developments in the field.
Reverse logistics: Conceptualising strategies and procurement best practicesReverse logistics: Conceptualising strategies and procurement best practices
Authors: Todd Jonathan R.
Published: July 2024

Global e-commerce in the consumer retail sector could not exist without the development, and more importantly acceptance, of sophisticated logistics strategies. The traditional forward supply chain with its inbound and outbound logistics is understood as significant to competitiveness and enterprise value. Reverse logistics, on the other hand, is that largely invisible yet widely used functionality that is increasingly having a very real impact in this economic environment. In fact, reverse logistics is in many ways inseparable from the growth of global e-commerce in the consumer retail sector. The functional elements of reverse logistics are similar to those of its traditional forward logistics counterpart and yet many striking differences exist. The reverse supply chain has a character both in business operations and in consumer buying habits that is as complex and challenging as it is essential to market performance. The strategic development of reverse logistics systems and their procurement from third-party service providers are systematically examined in this paper.
Developing transformative physician and executive leaders at Cleveland Clinic: A contemporary approach
Authors: Cronin Gina M. , Rife G. Logan , Thoebes Gina P.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to share Cleveland Clinic’s innovative and evidence-based approach to physician and executive leadership development. As the field of healthcare evolves, so do the challenges that healthcare leaders face. This creates a need for leadership development efforts to evolve as well. This paper leverages the current literature on leadership development in healthcare to outline some important paradigm shifts that informed the development of Cleveland Clinic’s current approach. Initial results from the leadership development programme are promising, indicating high levels of participant engagement, satisfaction and development progress. Important components of Cleveland Clinic’s approach to leadership development are highlighted along with actionable guidance on how leaders in healthcare management can adopt this approach in their own health systems.
Let’s make them talk: An exploratory study on word of mouth and social media
Authors: Morton Flor , Treviño Teresa , Sepúlveda César
Published: July 2024

The past several years have witnessed an increase in the use of social networking sites for both personal and commercial purposes. Major brands are now interested in having a presence on popular social networking sites. However, it is still not clear what actions cause consumers to engage in word of mouth (WOM) promotion in these online communities. Using an exploratory approach, the present study contributes to the knowledge of online WOM as well as knowledge about social media marketing strategies, specifically for Facebook and Twitter, by examining (a) how brands — depending on their individual characteristics — are effective in generating WOM on these sites; (b) the role that brands play on these sites to promote WOM; and (c) the type of content that generates the highest levels of WOM. The paper also proposes three types of moderator roles that firms can play in these online communities. The findings from this research have several implications for managers who are attempting to establish a social media strategy that fosters WOM.
Brands on TikTok: Strategic first steps and successful execution
Authors: Perreau Anton
Published: July 2024

TikTok has fast become the world’s most talked-about social network — in the news and popular culture, the relatively new player in the fray presents an opportunity to reach consumers in a new, relatable way and, most importantly, appeals to the holy grail of demographics. While any major brand with the right marketing budget can reserve one of TikTok’s many (and growing) media products, implementing a solid organic channel strategy for TikTok is essential for smaller brands, individuals and agencies. This paper provides a practical guide to being successful on TikTok as well as clear initial guidance to consider whether the platform fits into your wider social strategy. It also provides advice on execution, brand examples and pragmatic starters to help you and your team feel educated on the platform.
Distributed ledger technologies and instant payment systems: The potential effects of substitution
Authors: Šostakaitė Austėja
Published: July 2024

This paper explores how distributed ledger technology (DLT) can contribute to the instant payments market, discussing the potential impacts of the technology. The paper defines how the locus of control in DLT shifts from centralised system administrators to end users, while the locus of knowledge shifts from organisational to smart-contract programmers’ knowledge. The radical implementation of DLT is depicted as a single-layer network where intermediaries are eliminated from the payment cycle, while the conservative approach is described as the gradual application of some DLT components into existing ecosystems. Both designs are briefly discussed from the perspective of database centrality, technological literacy and quality assurance. The paper then compares DLT and instant payments schemes through the lens of standardisation, market adoption and platformisation. The paper shows that to be successful, both instant payment systems and DLT need to gain traction in the market, and that service fragmentation must be resolved by unifying the market. The paper ends by contrasting the various components of instant payment and DLT systems, and concluding that while DLT remains an evolving technology, instant payment systems will continue to play a more prominent role in the market.
Communication in a world of change: Engaging healthcare professionals through Twitter
Authors: Alvino Stefania
Published: July 2024

This article provides an overview of how marketers in the pharmaceutical industry can use Twitter to raise the visibility of their companies through, for example, disease awareness campaigns and contests for healthcare professionals, who can in turn use Twitter to increase their visibility, expand their network and keep themselves up to date with events in real time. As this article demonstrates, leveraging Twitter’s considerable potential requires not only knowledge of the key rules but also a pinch of creativity.
The importance of digitising payments and the role of acceptance infrastructure - Part 1
Authors: Balakrishnan Mahadevan
Published: July 2024

The first part of this paper provides an overview of the importance of digitalising payments in an economy and the role the acceptance infrastructure can play in that process. By using the data from Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructure (CPMI) countries, and then using more detailed data from India, a number of empirical analysis are done and conclusions arrived at. Part two of this paper will be published in Journal of Digital Banking Volume One, Number Four.
Board governance diversity in the insurance industry: Best practices recommended by the Alliance for Diversity in Corporate Governance
Authors: Keeley Michael G.
Published: July 2024

The issues of inclusion and diversity in society occupy a national scope in discussions for solutions to those challenges. On 22nd July, 2016 an alliance of leadership representing the insurance industry, institutional investors and allied professions met in Napa, CA to examine strategies and devise best practices to capture the momentum created by the California Department of Insurance (DOI) Insurance Diversity Initiative on governance diversity and inclusion. The imperative for this effort was to align strategies between members of the California DOI Diversity Task Force, insurance industry leaders, institutional investors, business executives and trade organisations with current DOI monitoring of inclusion and diversity in insurance governance. The result of that effort is captured in this paper on the founding of the Alliance for Diversity in Corporate Governance, including recommendations furthering the goal, as well as roles for each of the stakeholders.
Social media in small business operations
Authors: Goel Lakshmi , Zhang Pingying , Rehm Sven-Volker
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the usage of social media in the context of small business operations. Although small businesses are flexible in their operation, they are constrained by their lack of resources and human capital. Their flexibility may lead to the exploration of social media tools to enhance customer acquisition, but at the same time, the lack of resources may limit the application of such tools. As is well documented, although organic social media may be free, there are direct and indirect costs associated with managing social media channels such that they require investment from the organisation. This paper provides guidelines for small businesses to manage their social media channels. It examines the use of social media in small business operations by means of a framework of social media tool use. It reports on data collected from 100 small businesses and provides guidelines for the adoption of social media.
Medical Reserve Corps: Lessons learned in supporting community health and emergency response
Authors: Hoard Marna , Middleton Grace
Published: July 2024

The introduction of the Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) programme in President Bush's 2002 State of the Union address was in response to the need to provide a platform for local medical and health professionals to volunteer in their local communities in times of need. In such times, local community-based MRC units would work with existing public health and emergency management resources to create programmes to organise and recruit volunteers to support community needs. Now over five years old, the MRC programme has grown from 166 units as part of a demonstration project to almost 700 local units with more than 127,000 volunteers. In addition, the programme has evolved into a community health response resource that is used throughout the year, not just during times of great need. This paper will discuss the background and concept of the MRC programme, as well as describe how interested individuals and communities can get involved. The paper will also highlight the types of activities in which MRC units are involved and lessons learned.
Preparing airports for weapons of mass effect
Authors: Rankin William B.
Published: July 2024

With terrorist threats in the news, now is the time for airports to review airport emergency/ airport security preparedness plans (AEPs/ASPs) in the event of an attack that may include weapons of mass effect (WME). These weapons include chemical, biological, cyber, radiation, nuclear blast and explosives that are likely threats to the airport in today’s uncertain world. This examination was intended to be primarily a descriptive and non-experimental analysis that measures the perceived preparedness of US airports and employee preparedness training in the event of an actual attack. The findings of this examination suggest that a gap exists in airport emergency and airport security preparedness at those US airports responding to the survey, and recommends that airport management at these airports adopt a security management system (SeMS) approach to AEP/ASP planning. It also suggests that an employee training checklist be incorporated into these plans to train airport employees on how to protect themselves in the event of an actual attack.
Where is the ‘system’ in systemic risk literature?
Authors: Brady Shaun M. , Markeloff Richard
Published: July 2024

An automated content analysis of a sample of 65 articles pertaining to the financial system that include the term ‘Systemic Risk’ in their title indicates that there is no consensus on how to define, identify and monitor systemic risk to the financial system. The articles as a whole do not take a systems view in their analyses and proposals, indicating the discipline lacks a useful paradigm. For example, the literature sample primarily addresses the individual system components and how they might be prevented from jeopardising the financial system versus a more forward looking view of what changes to the overall system might make it more resilient. Consequently, policy prescriptions or recommendations based on the existing literature may be too narrowly and institutionally focused to capture the broader requirements necessary for ensuring the sustainability of the financial system. This implies that there is a need for a cross-disciplinary group of regulatory, academic and industry stakeholders focused on supporting the development of a systemic risk discipline. A brief survey of published approaches to modelling systemic risk in the financial system adds depth to the automated content analysis and provides a small example of the ongoing debates.
Airport digital transformation
Authors: Fulghum Hunter S.
Published: July 2024

Technology systems now play a larger role in the commercial air travel industry than ever before. This is being characterised as ‘digital transformation’, and the options, challenges and issues it presents to airports are, at times, overwhelming. This paper presents a discussion of what digital transformation is and how airports may intelligently and thoughtfully move their operations and systems into a more technologically dynamic and efficient space. It also provides some guidance on the risks and challenges associated with this complex issue.
The impact of neighbourhood change on social sustainability: A case study of Jabal Al-Weibdeh
Authors: Abed Amal
Published: July 2024

A quick glance at neighbourhood development and progress behaviour reveals an obvious trend towards neighbourhood urbanisation. Therefore, much research has been developed to investigate this phenomenon. Only a few of these studies, however, have addressed the potentially negative impact of neighbourhood change on social sustainability and how to eliminate it. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between neighbourhood development and social sustainability will be investigated by exploring the changing characteristics of neighbourhoods. Understanding these changes required studying the neighbourhood’s transformation of population and built environment over ten years. This was achieved through tracking demographic transformation using statistical census, mapping changes of land use and exploring the impact of these changes on social sustainability by gathering data from residents through structured questionnaires. As a result, a negative impact of social sustainability for indigenous residents has been identified, especially the fear of becoming a neglected group associated with a high level of dissatisfaction, minimum communication and low level of social interaction between residents. Consequently, an equitable sustainable strategy is needed to ensure the neighbourhood’s stability, eliminate alterations and preserve social sustainability.
IT modernisation in the energy sector: Preventing cyberthreats to critical infrastructure
Authors: Isom Pamela K.
Published: July 2024

IT modernisation is essential for safeguarding information and nations are investing in cyber security advancements that strengthen protection of critical infrastructure, including power grids. Renewable energies are incorporated and distribution channels are optimised to adequately supply buildings, homes, vehicles and customer demands, and advancement in energy storage is progressing to accommodate a variety of sources. The Internet, the varying Internet of Things (IoT) and operational technologies (OT) leveraged to meet supply and demand are compelling to customers, yet such capability broadens the risk of vulnerabilities affecting customer confidence. The energy sector is embracing modernisation as a vehicle for mitigating risks through grid modernisation.1 Energy is an enterprise strategic asset and there remain opportunities for smarter management and modelling so that the state of utilities is known at any given time and energy is continuously available. With analogies to random incidents, scenarios and data as a strategic asset, this paper shares IT modernisation considerations for cyber risk mitigation in the energy sector.
Building a class community online in an age of isolation
Authors: Eubank Meg
Published: July 2024

In this best practice paper, pandemic-induced challenges informed innovative teaching strategies developed by a high school teacher of English as a second language at a private school in northeast United States whose international students Zoomed into class from their home countries. Representing seven different countries in three different continents over six different time zones, the students were not able to convene online at the same time, hampering the goal of interacting with each other to gain confidence in using English socially and academically. Employing a variety of technological platforms, this teacher redesigned the programme to allow student-to-student and student-to-teacher access and ultimately resulted in building a community that reached beyond the classroom.
Designing and building the post-analogue audiovisual archive
Authors: Müller Jan
Published: July 2024

This paper addresses the challenges related to the role and function of audiovisual archive institutions as the environment in which they operate becomes increasingly digital and networked. The context is the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision (Sound and Vision), a leading audiovisual archive that has successfully transitioned to the digital domain. Its ever-growing collections today comprise more than a million hours of audiovisual content, ranging from film to television and radio broadcasts, music recording and web videos. For eight years now, born-digital assets from various sources have been incorporated in a state-of-the-art digital archive. Most of the analogue holdings have been digitised through a national digitisation programme that ended in 2015. Operating in such a new, post-analogue context has profound implications for institutes. The fundamental challenge is how the public mission of archives (ie, supporting a myriad of users to utilise collections to learn, experience and create) can be achieved in a digital context. ‘Creative technology’ plays an important role in building the audiovisual archive of the future. To manage the transition, Sound and Vision launched a process of internal review and assessment. In the course of this two-year process, it drafted a new mission statement, defined a new strategic plan and built a new organisational structure from the ground up.
The zeitgeist and a pandemic: UK airports and the shock of the new
Authors: Herbert Mark
Published: July 2024

The Christmas party season in 2019 was a time for positive and satisfied reflection at many British airports. The aviation industry was generally in rude health, and land-use planners were busy on expansion projects at several of the country’s largest airports. The major uncertainty remained the impact of the United Kingdom’s imminent departure from the European Union, due at the end of January, although the ‘Brexit’ transition period until the end of 2020, at least gave some hope for a satisfactory resolution of outstanding concerns. But by Easter 2020, in mid-April, any feelings of optimism or quiet complacency would be rudely displaced. Two seismic events aligned to devastating affect; the increasingly widespread public concern over climate change passed a tipping point by impacting directly on the democratic decisionmaking process, and the global coronavirus pandemic swiftly swept away many of the aviation industry’s operational certainties and long-held assumptions on growth. For startled airport leaders and their teams of consultants, the question ‘what on earth happened?’ would have been particularly apposite. Millions of words will be written in response, but this paper — drafted in what is still a fearful and uncertain ‘Lockdown Britain’ — provides a short contemporary perspective based upon three airport case studies.
A customer-insight led approach to building operational resilience
Authors: Passey Fi
Published: July 2024

High-profile failures over the past few years have led to the disruption of banking services in the UK, with some banks’ customers left unable to make or receive payments, check balances or access cash for days or weeks. Technological advances and a push towards remote channels have increased customer expectations of ‘always on’ — any time, any place, anywhere — and with disruptions lasting anything from a few minutes to nearly a month, the regulator is also taking an interest. Nationwide Building Society has responded positively to this challenge by defining its operational resilience strategy, a long-term plan aimed at minimising the likelihood and impact of future disruptions. Customer research was used in order to understand customer expectations, as well as define and prioritise its end-to-end customer journeys, known as business service lines. A comprehensive mapping exercise facilitated the development of strategies and investment projects to address identified vulnerabilities and increase resilience.
Design discussion on the ISDA Common Domain Model
Authors: Clack Christopher D.
Published: July 2024

A new initiative from the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) aims to establish a Common Domain Model (ISDA CDM): a new standard for data and process representation across the full range of derivatives instruments. The resulting standardisation of workflow will not only reduce the cost of traditional processing but will also facilitate new platforms using distributed ledger technology and enable processing via smart contracts. The design of the ISDA CDM is at an early stage and the draft definition contains considerable complexity and ambiguity. This paper contributes by offering insight, critical analysis and discussion relating to important topics in the design space such as data lineage, timestamps, consistency, operations, events, state and state transitions.
Cost-basis reporting: The impact on investment advisers
Authors: Gowan Jeff , Adolphson Aaron
Published: July 2024

As US custodians and brokers are well aware, the cost-basis reporting requirement went into effect this year. While the new law does not directly target investment advisors, it does affect them to the extent that they have the fiduciary responsibility to look out for their investor clients’ best interests. They therefore have a stake in ensuring that they are in sync with custodians as to how cost basis is calculated and reported. Custodians and brokers have already invested considerable sums in upgrading their technology platforms to meet the reporting requirement. However, to achieve consistency with advisors in an efficient, automated fashion, systems and workflows between the buy- and sell-side need to be evaluated, and additional upgrades are likely to be necessary. As a provider of technology that automates workflows among advisors, custodians and other counterparties, Advent Software is in a unique position as a neutral intermediary to provide some perspective on these issues. In this paper, the authors share some of the insights gleaned from working with advisors, explore the challenges posed, and identify some of the solution gaps and opportunities for improvement in the current system.
What is left of consent when it is deemed consent: A data protection experiment in India
Authors: Gupta Indranath , Naithani Paarth
Published: July 2024

Recently, the latest draft data protection legislation in India, the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022, introduced the concept of deemed consent. Among other situations, consent can be deemed to be given through voluntary participation rather than an express statement. This paper positions deemed consent by situating it in recent discussions around consent. Deemed consent, as it stands, sits uncomfortably within the data protection rubric. The paper suggests that the proposed structure of deemed consent in India needs alteration and may be adequately amended with effective learning emanating from jurisdictions like the UK, Canada and Singapore.
Hong Kong combating climate change — the concerted effort of the HKSAR Government and the Hong Kong Green Building Council
Authors: Cary Chan Ir , Cheung Karen , Cheung Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Climate change has always been an enormous threat to our living environments. In Hong Kong, energy consumed in buildings is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is estimated that energy use in residential and commercial buildings alone accounts for more than 60 per cent of GHG emitted citywide.1 Hence, the building sector presents a strong opportunity to make substantial progress in reducing Hong Kong’s energy demand and carbon emissions. For the past few years, the HKSAR Government has been spearheading the promotion of green buildings in Hong Kong and has continuously strived to place their efforts on various initiatives to achieve higher energy efficiency and to promote low carbon living. The government provides continuous support and works together with the Hong Kong Green Building Council (HKGBC) and various stakeholders to improve the energy efficiency in the building industry through numerous initiatives. The contributions of government and the private sector are equally important in combating climate change. The government and HKGBC have conducted strategic schemes with clear objectives and achievable targets. A practical support programme, ‘ACT-Shop’, is therefore available to promote knowledge-based practice on energy saving. Professionals are invited to help investigate the data of each case, develop improvement options and verity the savings. This paper aims to further discuss the concerted effort of the government and the HKGBC in combating climate change.

1Environment Bureau, HKSAR Government. ‘Hong Kong’s Climate Change Strategy and Action Agenda’. Hong Kong, 2010.