bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia among Nurses in Hospitals of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Authors: Meera D. K. , Divakar Suma
Published: August 2021

The main objective is to study the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among nurses working on shift and ascertain its association with socio economic parameters. The study was a cross sectional comparative study using randomized sampling technique. The sample population consisted of registered nurses working in randomly selected government and private hospitals in rural and urban areas of Thiruvananthapuram city. A Uniform sample size of 250 each were drawn from government and private hospitals of Thiruvananthapuram district to form a population size (N=500). Again a sub sample size of 25 each were drawn from government and private hospitals in rural and urban areas of Thiruvananthapuram (N=100) for the in depth studies. Only female nurses were included in the study who had minimum of five year experience and those who belonged to the age group between 25-45yrs. All the respondents selected for the study were doing their work on shift base from the day of joining their duty, which is the other condition for the study. A pretested schedule was used to elicit information using interview method. The information regarding demographic characteristics, shift details, medication, morbidity details and physical activities were collected. To estimate the level of total cholesterol, blood samples were collected from the subsample of 100 subjects from each group. Chi square tests were carried out for analysing the quantitative and categorized variables. Out of fifty respondents from private hospitals, the prevalence of border line hypercholesterolemia was thirty two percent and the prevalence of high risk hypercholesterolemia was ten percent. Results from respondents of government hospital also gave the same. Total cholesterol assessed in the subject from the two sectors was not significantly associated with age (χ²=8.738; χ²=6.051), experience (χ²=1.002; χ²=1.181) and area of residence (χ²=8.793; χ²= 2.062). The blood sample analysis revealed that a significant number of respondents were considered to be border line risk and high risk of hypercholesterolemia which suggests that irregular shift hours can be associated with increased risk of hypercholesterolemia leads to further fatal condition. However level of total cholesterol was not significantly influenced by factors like age, work experience and area of residence.
Constraints in Production of Grapes: A Study among the Grapes Cultivators in Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Babybowna R.
Published: August 2021

Grapes are widely consumed as fresh fruit in India. Grape not only serves as a table fruit but also a great value. Therefore, it has gained enormous commercial value. The grape is a perfect food and a fairly good source for minerals like Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron and Vitamins like Bl and B2. Its juice is a mild laxative and acts as a stimulant to the human kidney. The grape cure is the quickest cure as the grape sugar is immediately taken into the blood circulation without undergoing tine process of digestion Basic (Shackleton 2003). Introduction of grapes into South India seems to have yet another course. The grape was introduced at Melapatti, a village near Krishnagiri in Salem district of Tamilnadu by a French priest in 1832. A little later, a French Jesuit priest to Fr.Larney at Michel Patti village in Madurai district introduced it in 19th century Rengasamy Ayyanger, Dindigul district was selected for the present study, as it is one of the most important grape producing regions in Tamil Nadu. Black Seed and Green Seedless varieties of grape are grown in this district. The main objective of the study is to identify the constraints faced by grape growers in production of grapes in Dindigul district and also to study the area and production of grape growers in Dindigul District
Cochlear Implant Children Auditory Skills: A Study
Authors: Sundaresan R.
Published: August 2021

Cochlear implants are now established as the treatment of choice in the rehabilitation of children with bilateral profound sensori neural hearing impairment. This study objective is to analyze and the development of auditory skills for the cochlear implantation children. This study included 50 children attending the Therapy centre, Tiruchirappalli. Their age ranged below 24 months. All children had bilateral sensori-neural hearing loss since birth. None of the subjects had prior Cochlear implant, but all had tried conventional hearing aid. All subjects were implanted unilateral and bilateral, sequential/simultaneous with CI devices including MED EL and Nucleus. All met the criteria of cochlear implant. All items of the studied auditory skills improved significantly by time. There is significant improvement between 4 to 8 months in the scores of detection, discrimination, identification and comprehension skills. Significant improvement in comprehension is also found between 10 and 11 months interval. PAS score had weak negative correlation with age. Children fitted with cochlear implants showed significant improvement in acquisition of auditory skills over a period of below 1year. The age and the side of the implant are the most significant factors.
A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Banking Service
Authors: Jamal Aamir
Published: August 2021

The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of new economic reforms of 1991 on Indian economy in general and GDP growth rate in particular. From the trend analysis of GDP and its major determinants, it was found that all variables performed really well in the post reform period in contrast to the pre reform period. The regression analysis confirmed that the GDP growth of India is significantly affected by imports and surprisingly FDI inflows were found to be insignificant. A dummy variable which was incorporated as a proxy variable for economic reforms of 1991 was found to be positive and significant which asserted that the economic reforms had made a positive impact on GDP growth of India. To enhance the GDP growth, the imports should be further enhanced; the composition of imports should be directed towards capital goods rather than consumer goods imports. Distribution of FDI should be organized in a systematic and coherent manner and should not be just directed towards white goods industries which cater the needs of rich sections of society. Some portion of FDI inflows should be directed towards smaller projects, (unregistered manufacturing) which in country like India augments employment levels thereby increasing the production and productivity. Finally, in order to boost the GDP growth in India it is argued that the important constituents of GDP should be further promoted through liberal policies in a systematic manner.
A Review of Panchamahabhuta Practiced
Authors: Ulaganathani M.
Published: August 2021

Ayurveda treatment principles are based on correcting the imbalances of Panchamahabhutas in the body. Thus it becomes very important for us to understand the concept of Panchamahabhuta, especially with an approach of treatment perspective. Since the human body and the nature are both created from the Panchamahabhutas, Ayurveda considers all substances found in the nature as medicine; provided that it is used for explicit indications and with suitable formulations. Therefore, it utilizes a wide range of materia medica mostly natural products viz. herbs, minerals, animal products and marine originates. They are used for indications in different conditions of health and disease. This reviewed study intends to demonstrate how Panchabhautika Chikitsa is conceptualized and practiced in various disorders.
Importance of Auditory Verbal Therapy/Speech Therapy after Cochlear Implantation: A Case Study
Authors: Varghese Anna Vinu
Published: August 2021

Studies in the past years have shown that cochlear implant is the most effective management for profound hearing loss. Majority of the Cochlear Implant recipients are children. With the surgery done after early identification and with intensive speech therapy/ auditory verbal therapy, the speech and language skills as well as the listening skills can be improved. The present study shows the importance of AVT/Speech Therapy in habilitation children with Cochlear Implants by demonstrating the pre and post therapy results of subjective measures done in a single case, even with a gap in habilitation of 1.5 years. The study brings out notable results which correlate with previous studies published.
A Study on Effectiveness of Community De-Addiction Camp at Chamarajanagar
Authors: Murthy Suman K.
Published: August 2021

Alcohol addiction is a serious health hazard which has negative consequences for the affected individual as well as his family and community. Inpatient based de addiction treatment is commonly seen to tackle the problem of addiction. Of late, Community de addiction camps are providing de addiction treatment at community level in India. The current study looks into the impact of exposure to community de addiction camp organized by SKDRDP, Chamarajanagar, Karnataka State, India. Qualitative experimental research design is adopted to study the impact of exposure to the community de addiction camp. The total duration of the residential community de addiction camp was eight days. The universe for the study comprised of 103 participants attending the community de addiction camp. 40 participants formed the sample. Tools used for gathering the data were WHO-AUDIT, Interview schedule and participant observation. The data were analysed using paired t- test using SPSS version version 22.0 and participant observation recordings. The community de addiction camp has met all the thirteen expectations of the participants with regard to the camp; The result of t-test found that there is statistically significant difference in the mean scores on all parameters between before and after de addiction camp; there exists significant positive relationship between Clint behavior and client participation before the community de addiction camp. The participants had a positive impact from the exposure to the camp, which was evident to the researchers who were participant observers of the whole process. The community de addiction camp has been successful in bringing about a positive impact on the participants during the conduct of the camp and abstinence was 100% at 1 month post camp follow up. In view of these findings, the current study concludes that community de addiction camps have a positive impact on the participants. Community de addiction camps are an effective and economical way to combat alcohol addiction at the community level.
Inclusion of Children as Active Citizens and Social Work Intervention with Community in Sri Lanka
Authors: Vasudevan Varathagowry
Published: August 2021

Children as citizens are born with civil, political, social and economic rights. Children are considered as active and autonomous individuals, despite the fact that they remain objects of protection and are less visible. Their reduced visibility, is generally seen in activities organized purportedly as events for children’s participation achieving other outcomes. Such initiatives proved to be non-events in the case of children’s rights. These events underscored the necessity to intervene to establish children’s inclusionary position in society. This study therefore addresses the outcomes of social work interventions in communities involving children. The interventions were specifically designed to address issues of active participation of children that promote inclusionary citizenship. In this process attempts were made to promote and inculcate active citizenship values and to create awareness on inclusion policies not only among the younger generation but particularly among the influential, `opinion making’ older members in the community The paper argues that to achieve the full participation of children for their development, interventions from professional social workers are essential. Professionally qualified social workers with wide field experiences play important roles in the promotion of inclusionary policies among community members especially with children. As illustrations, the study uses two community work projects that identify and underscore very clearly instances wherein professional social workers play important roles to revitalize communities for citizenship practices inclusive of children in Sri Lanka.
An Educational Programme of Sanitation in India: A Mirage to Reality
Authors: Naz Aafreen , Jawed Akhtar S. M.
Published: August 2021

Sanitation is the need of the present era. It is the basis of disease free, clean environment and healthy aspect of a hygienic and decent life style. According to the World Bank data the 2.3 billion people in the world live without an access to a toilet and almost 892 million people practice open defecation. Only 69% of world’s population have an access to toilets and 38% have managed to go for safe and germs free defecation. It represents a high categorical underprivileged section of a society deprived of basic amenities. The Indian Ministry of Statistics and Programme implementation (MOPS) in its published 2016 report says that usage of toilet is 95.6 percent in rural region and 98.8 percent in urban areas which shows a considerable level of hygienic defecation process practices in Indian households. India has implemented Swacha Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or Swacha Bharat Mission (SBM) with an objective of cleanliness drive and making India open defecation free. An NSSO survey reveals that 42.5 percent people in rural areas and 87.9 percent in urban areas have access to water facility in toilets. An educational drive or a comprehensive programme is implemented in India with wider application and coverage.
Leader Emotional Intelligence and Staff Work Motivation
Authors: Visalam Krishnamoorthy Radhika
Published: August 2021

Intellectually asserted, every educational institution by existence stands for the transaction of intelligence. This unchallengeable poses a need-based context for probing into the most influential yet often neglected dimension of intelligence, the emotional intelligence as an integral process of every progress plan. Schools, in their existence, are human-intensive spaces with their recipients primarily in students and parents, academic transacts in teachers, influencers in regulatory officials and most importantly the visionaries in their management. The uniqueness of such a space is in understanding that every individual comes in with their typical personalities, traits, intelligence indices as well as work-motivation patterns. The principals as leaders pivot all these commissioning dynamics around them in every context of their institution.
The Role of the New Indian Middle Class in Lok Sabha General Elections 2009 and 2014: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mallick Pratick
Published: August 2021

Indian democracy in the age of globalisation is highly influenced by the demographic transformation in the society. Dispensing with the erstwhile traditional barriers like casteism, religions and languages, the current Indian society is represented mainly by the new Indian middle class. This class is a convergent one with amelioration of the below-middle class people to this class. Obviously there is hierarchy among this class. Sometimes, the upper rung of the middle class is treated as the elites. This class has good purchase capacity and inclination towards a consumerist life-style. This class, therefore, not politically involved throughout the year but politically active and vibrant in its electoral capacity. This class has become a no-negligible in the election results particularly since 2009. In 2014 itself, the new Indian middle class became decisive in 2014 Lok Sabha General Election. Here, it is an attempt to explore a comparative study of the 2009 and 2014 Lok Sabha General Elections in terms of this class being a determinant and decisive factor.
Industrial Development under Democracy and Protest Movements of People in Odisha
Authors: Behera Bibekananda
Published: August 2021

The liberalization process that started in India in the early 1990s has made Odisha potentially the most attractive destination for large capital-intensive projects by both public and private-sector firms- typically mineral based ones. These projects are facing opposition from the people, especially those likely to be displaced and those who will be indirectly affected. The violence over land acquisition by the government witnessed recently. The drive for land acquisition on the name of industrialization and development has been the reason behind rise in protests by the farmers and tribal people across the state. If the development projects are for the people, then why people rejected it. The protests by civil society and peoples against land acquisition have been growing in recent years. These protests and violence increasingly question the so-called “greater good”. The environmental problem of poor countries like India become acute and they deserve immediate attention in terms of planning and investment programs.
Status of Narikoravar (A Type of Gypsy Community) Women Entrepreneur in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Chandru S. , Thirumalaisamy K.
Published: August 2021

The gypsies are indigenous people whose main occupation were hunting but are also considered as one of the greatest bandit communities in south India. The word gypsies is derived from Europe, which means nomadic people. Tamil Nadu is a home to various categories of gypsies, and among them the nomadic tribes or gypsy named as Koravar (or) Narikoravan (or) Kuruvikaran stands in the forefront. The occupation of Narikoravar community is mostly hunting jackals and other wild animals. Later, due to the government ban on possession of fire arms, the Narikoravar community changed their occupation to selling handicrafts. Narikoravar women has always taken a background role-subordinate to the figure of men as the “bread winner”, and were shut away” in their family home. Comparing with women of other community, the Narikoravar women has more responsibilities that are imposed on her that resists her self-development. The plight of these women is mainly due to their upbringing in their family and culture. The nomadic nature of their culture, pose an obstacle for them to make a permanent income for their livelihood. They are economically poor and have engaged in self entrepreneurial business for their livelihood like selling fancy items, grocery items, soft toys making, ornaments and beads making etc. Even though they have an ability and skill in entrepreneurship business, they lack in upgrading their skills with technological enhancement. Hence, the researcher has focused on socio-economic conditions of the respondents, understanding the problems faced by women entrepreneurs and their awareness about government welfare schemes. The research also throws light on the status of women entrepreneurs, their economic status and their awareness about these schemes by employing appropriate statistical methods.
The Saliva Tree: Archiving the (Monster) Tree
Authors: Sarkar Somasree
Published: August 2021

To view culture as a multispecies and not as an anthropocentric one is the call of the era. The liberal Humanist idea of human as an autonomous entity is to be debunked, as culture involves not only Homo sapiens, but also other species – animals, plants, microbes, machines and hybrids. No species can dwell independently. Each species thrives in a network, interconnected and interdependent to each other. This network forms a culture of multispecies, where every being is akin to the other. Multispecies culture is all inclusive and all encompassing, disregarding the crippling binaries of human/ non-human, culture/nature, abled/disabled, normal/abnormal and so on. It is important to realize that each binary is an anthropocentric cultural construct. It must be discarded in order to create the culture of companion species, that is includes all forms of existence, not overlooking the ‘unwanted’ object as the minor ‘other’, in the anthropocentric view. The paper aims to argue that each species (highlighting the figure of tree in the paper) is an active actor in the bio cultural space. It strives to emancipate the figure of a tree from the clutch of anthropocentric notion, as ‘nature’/ ‘passive recipient’/ ‘care-giver’/ ‘mother’. To serve my purpose, I have chosen a Science Fiction, titled The Saliva Tree by Brian Aldiss. The fiction has an alien tree, functioning in a farm on the Earth. The tree has a horrendous physical appearance, is carnivorous and is non-sessile. All such features compile to render the arboreal creature as a ‘monster’, an identity imposed upon a misfit, considering it as a threat to the human-centered culture. I have argued how the farm with the ‘monster’ tree and other variety of species and machines becomes an archive, a dynamic biocultural space. It also enhances the botanical culture or ‘FloraCulture’, as termed by John Charles Ryan.
Effect of Twenty four week Football Training on Flexibility, Agility and Endurance of Junior School Boys
Authors: Ramkumar N. R.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of twenty four week Football training on flexibility, agility and endurance of Junior School boys. The study was conducted on thirty (N=30) Football players who were randomly selected from various Schools in Tamil Nadu, India during 2017-2018.The age of the subjects were ranged between 14 to 16. The selected players was assigned in to two groups of fifteen each (n=15), Group –I underwent Football training, and Group –II acted as Control. Flexibility, Agility and Endurance were selected as dependent variables. Flexibility was assessed by Sit & Reach test, Agility was assessed by 4×10 m Shuttle Run and Cardio Respiratory Endurance was assessed by Cooper’s 12 Minutes Run/Walk test. The experimental group underwent the training for 24 weeks. All the subjects were tested prior to and immediately after the training period of twenty four weeks for all the selected variables. The data collected data from the three groups prior to and immediately after the training programme on the selected criterion variables were statistically analyzed with Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). In all the cases 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the hypotheses. Flexibility, Agility and Endurance showed significant difference between the groups. Football training group showed better performance than Control group.
Development of E-Learning Modules and to Study its Influences among National Eligibility Test Aspirants in Physical Education Subject
Authors: Tharmar K.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study was to develop e-learning modules and to study its influences among national eligibility test aspirants in physical education subject. To achieve this purpose initially thirty six male national eligibility test aspirants who had completed postgraduate in physical education in the last three years have been randomly selected from Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai Districts, Tamil Nadu state, India and their age ranged from 24 to 27 years. A multiple choice test (pre-test) based on the NET physical education syllabi was conducted for all the subjects and top twenty scorers were taken as the subjects for this study. Using matching procedure on the basis of their pre-test scores, subject were assigned to two equal groups of ten subjects each and named as group ‘A’ and group ‘B’. Group ‘A’ underwent teaching along with e-learning modules sessions and group ‘B’ undergone teaching sessions alone. To prepare the e-learning modules based on UGC–NET exam syllabus in physical education subject, the investigators had chosen unit seventh and prepare the ten modules with help of the mentor. The teaching of the syllabus was administered for both groups for a period of ten working days with each session lasting for an hour each day in the morning session. The e-learning modules developed by the investigators were shown to group ‘A’ for 15 to 20 minutes per day after the teaching session. For displaying e-learning modules, the computer laboratory was used. The post test was conducted to the both groups with a different set of multiple choice questions. To find out the difference between the two groups analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was used, where the final means were adjusted for differences in the initial means, and the adjusted means were tested for significance. It was found that the teaching along with e-learning modules showed significant improvement on national eligibility test aspirants in physical education subject.
Constitutional Morality Stimulating the Social and Health Order Issues in India
Authors: Singh Virendra
Published: August 2021

India attained the transitional phase of globalization around two decade back when the then (1991) existing government of India adapted the globalization policy. This could be considered as the impact of industrialization. But recently the nation has felt a paradigm change, when the judicial judgements shaked the minds of social scientists. Understanding of term “gender” was taken completely different from the social meaning it had. Always, it was considered that morals, values, folkways and mores were the source of law. But after discussed judgement on Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. …Petitioner(S) Versus Union Of India Thr. Secretary Ministry of Law And Justice(Section 377)& Shabrimala Case it is paradigm shift in the understanding as now it could be veracious to say that law has occupied the custody to replace the traditional social control devices or diplomacies.
Self-Attitude and Socialised Aggressive Conduct Disorder Among Adolescents
Authors: Raj Lima
Published: August 2021

Children with conduct disorder (CD) comprise a considerable proportion of the work of mental health professionals due to the significant disrupts caused by these behaviours at school and home. CD in childhood is associated with long term negative consequences including development of antisocial and criminal behaviours in later life. Among the multiple categorisations of CD, Socialised Aggressive Conduct Disorders (SACD) is frequently reported among adolescents and particularly troubling area for parents and teachers. With the development of autonomy and identity with advanced cognitive abilities, significant self-conceptions become more complex, differentiated and structured during adolescence. Nevertheless self-attitude forms the cognitive foundation for constructing the identity of an individual, it is reported that the most significant changes and a more accurate expression of self-concept occur in adolescence. It is imperative to note that different individual mechanisms also place a child at risk and affect the normative course of development, of which significant observations underscored the influence of adolescent self-attitude on the onset and prevalence of maladaptive emotional and behavioural problem behaviours. Through the present study the researcher examined the adolescent attitude towards self and Socialised Aggressive Conduct Disorders. The present study conducted on a sample of 380 adolescents, established the relationship between adolescent’s attitude towards self and SACD. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings substantiate the practical/empirical knowledge to parents and educators about the necessity of ensuring an environment that could mould and enhance adolescent’s attitude towards self in a more positive manner.
Disinheritance of Daughters: Saving Tradition or Rejecting Modernity
Authors: Kahlon Neena Rosey , Kaur Ravi Inder
Published: August 2021

Disinheritances of daughters from ancestral property is a well-established social fact as strong as the recognition of their legal right to inheritance; constitutionally and legally. Law, seen as potent tool for social change, attempt to provide equal and dignified claim to daughters Vis a Vis sons, but law does not operate in vacuum. The socio-cultural space regulates it functioning and nature and extent of delivery. However the explicit as well as implicit performance of Hindu Succession Act 1956 (as amended in 2005) within the Indian social space questions the underlining patriarchal structures of Indian society in particular and the larger goal of women emancipation in general. To this end, disinheritance of daughters at once disclose the intricately enmeshed issues of law, society and gender rights to fore front. The present paper is theoretical and attempts to conceptualize the larger issue of disinheritance of daughters within the contrast of tradition and modernity. The paper revolves around how socially non-invocation of inheritance rights confirms to traditional social structure while claiming these rights seems to be a modern phenomenon. The analysis revealed that the process of social change in India has been dominantly gendered and legally backed gender rights have few takers socially. Gendered Socialization, stigmas attached to independence of women and above all the overarching illusion of saving tradition and rejecting modernity emerges out to be the root causes for disinheritance of daughters from ancestral property.
Problems Faced by Parents of Differently Abled Children in District Anantnag, Kashmir
Authors: Sayeed Al Sabah
Published: August 2021

The present study titled ‘problems faced by parents of differently abled children in district Anantnag was carried out with the objectives to know about the psychological and social problems faced by parents of differently abled children and to find out about the health and financial problems faced by parents of differently abled children. The sample for the study was 40 parents of differently abled children. Purposive sampling was used to collect the sample and the information was gathered by using a self-designed interview schedule. The results revealed that 57.5% respondents special children were in the age group of 10-15 years, 87.5% respondents children had disability since birth (i.e. congenital), 80% respondents had consulted a doctor for immediate measures, 72.5% respondents were shocked to know about child’s disability, 100% respondents encountered difficulties while sending their children to school, 87.5% respondents family members were caring towards the special child, 45% respondents sometimes felt anxious and stressed, 75% respondents had normal social relationship, 67.5% respondents felt a need to cut down on their social circle and 60% respondents said that special child was mostly taken care of by the mother.
A Critical Analysis of the Misuse of an Anti-Dowry Law
Authors: Kahlon Neena Rosey
Published: August 2021

The Anti-dowry law, Section 498A was incorporated in the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 to protect the married women from a cruelty, marital violence, and dowry abuse is now becoming a source of blackmailing and harassment of the husband and his relatives. Some educated and empowered women are diverging the path of development to an adverse direction. This particular section is providing an unjustified power in the hands of some women for handling marital dis-putes which irreparably changes the life of husband and his parents. The present study therefore aims to study the deter-minant factors that are behind the misuse of section 498A of Indian Penal Code for which 190 respondents of the Amritsar district are interviewed by using a descriptive research design. The findings revealed that different factors such as Husband’s In-laws extra involvement into their marital life, Respondent wife’s authoritative nature, Wife’s attitude problem, monetary causes, and respondent’s physical disease are some of the rea-sons that is turning this shield into a weapon.
Commercial Surrogacy in India: An Overview
Authors: Tiwari Neha
Published: August 2021

Commercial surrogacy is an arrangement in which a woman agrees to carry a person (s) child and is paid for her services which is beyond medical expenses associated with the pregnancy. It can be gestational as well as genetic. Though it has been supported on the grounds that it helps both the childless couple and the surrogate, it has also been criticized on the grounds that it exploits the surrogates. In the year 2002 commercial surrogacy was legalized in India. With time India emerged as the hub of commercial surrogacy for primarily four reasons. Firstly, low cost. Secondly, world class medical facilities. Thirdly, easily available surrogates and lastly, lenient rules and regulations. With time many cases begun to emerge in which different stakeholders were harassed due to the lack of codified laws. On 19th December 2018, the Indian state passed a bill banning commercial surrogacy. The paper attempts to trace the journey of commercial surrogacy in India.
Exploration of the Early Childhood Care and Education Provided in Kindergartens in Japan
Authors: Kaur Manjinder
Published: August 2021

This study tends to shed light on early childhood care and education (ECCE) institutions with special reference to kindergartens in Fukuoka, Japan. The choice of the topic for study was derived by the importance of ECCE in children’s life and huge economic growth of Japan after worst effects of world war-II, which are thought to be linked with the education that children receives in Japan. The study is limited to four kindergartens in Fukuoka City and observations made for the study refers to 2018. Herein, different types of institutions providing ECCE, their infrastructural set-up, activities, along with curriculum are discussed. At the end, issues and challenges of ECCE system in Japan are discussed. It has been observed that the infrastructural facility and nature of activities are of high quality. Each and every care is being taken to inculcate habits, as well as to maintain physical and intellectual growth of children. The children seem to be highly happy and enjoy learning via various activities in these schools. It is clear that the devised policies on education and care of children are implemented in full spirit.
ICDS and Its Impact on Child Health: A Study with Special Reference to West Bengal
Authors: Maity Kingsuk , Das Pinaki , Kumbhakar Satya Narayan
Published: August 2021

As we are well aware of the fact that India takes the praise of subsiding the largest child population in the world but at the same time, we cannot deny the bitter truth that it too has the highest rate of malnourished people and undernourished children in the world. Thus, the Indian government has taken numerous steps towards mitigating these miseries and ICDS is a vital step towards it. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the performance of ICDS and its impact on the status of child health across the districts of West Bengal using NFHS-III and NFHS-IV data. The study revealed that Children’s nutritional status in West Bengal has significantly improved from 2005-06 to 2015-16. It is concluded the percentage share of underweight, stunted and wasting children have decreased in districts with higher women literacy rate and the concentration of AWCs.
Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Outcomes: Moderating Effect of Tenure
Authors: Varghese Sabu , Raju M. S.
Published: August 2021

Conventional wisdom tells us that only if the employees are paid enough, they can be made happy consequently productive. However, studies have suggested that the nature of the relations between employer and employee have a vital role to play in employee’s job satisfaction, Likewise, employee’s intention to leave the organization is influenced by both money related factors and relational elements. Studies suggest that the nature of the employer-employee relationship significantly affects the employee perceptions and reactions. Psychological Contract is a model which will help one to understand the employer-employee relationship. The mutual expectations and obligations proportionate to each one’s contribution is a general way to define psychological contract. Research suggests that a breach of this contract can affect the organizational outcomes and employee reactions negatively. This study considers the psychological contract breach from the employees’ perspective. Although studies have been made on the effect of psychological contract breach on several organizational outcomes, little effort has been noticed to be made to study the effect of the commonly identified dimensions – relational contract breach and transactional contract breach- on the employee reactions. While social and emotional factors such as loyalty and support contribute to relational contract, compensation and personal benefits contribute to transactional contracts. This work is noteworthy as it assesses the effect of relational contract breach and transactional contract breach on job satisfaction and employee turnover intention. The study also examines the effect of individual level variable- tenure – on the relationship of RCB and TCB with job satisfaction and turnover intention. Respondents to this study were 228 teachers from the self-financing colleges in the district of Ernakulam, Kerala in India. The results suggest that relational and transactional contract breaches will lead to significant employee reactions- reduces job satisfaction and enhances turnover intention. Tenure moderates the relationship between relational contract breach and turnover intention but not between relational contract breach and job satisfaction. Conversely, tenure moderates the transactional contract breach- turnover intention relationship but not transactional contract breach- job satisfaction.
Responses to Consumer Sales Promotions: Consumer Self-Regulation as a Moderator
Authors: Varghese Nijo
Published: August 2021

This conceptual paper talks about the different consumer sales promotion tools and its effect on the various consumer responses. The study points out the positive relationship between consumer sales promotions and consumer responses. Apart from that, the study focuses on the moderating influence of the consumer self-regulation on the relationship between consumer sales promotions and consumer responses. This paper explains how consumer sales promotions create varying relationship with consumer responses based on the self-regulating trait of the consumer. The review of the research includes classification of consumer sales promotions into monetary and non-monetary tools and also the responses such as purchase acceleration, approach/avoidance behaviours, repurchase intention and WOM intention.
Mediating Role of Perceived Risk on Relationship Between Perception Towards Online Luxury Shopping and Online Purchase Intention: A Study with Reference to Young Professionals in India
Authors: Benedict Jithin , Raju M. S.
Published: August 2021

To many people, luxury products were once considered hard to access and a privilege to use. Luxury used to mean a product or service only accessible by a small group of people, a product or service that was scarce (Nueno & Quelceh, 1998). However, luxury products have now become more affordable to more consumers, especially for consumers from the middle class who access more money than ever before (Hauck & Stanforth, 2007). These “newcomers” do not fall into the traditional wealthy income segment; they start purchasing luxury at a younger age compared to their parents (Jay, 2012). In recent times, demand for luxury brands is spurred by digitalization. Digital platform are increasingly used by the retailers to provide ease of shopping and to extend their reachability among the customers. According to Assocham (2018) study the online luxury stores will see an influx of 44 billion dollars in 2019 and by 2020 the study foresees the market to get doubled. The study attempts to understand the relationship between perceptions of young working professionals of India towards personal luxury goods and their purchase intention. Further study delves to understand the mediating role of perceived risk of shopping luxury goods online. Structured questionnaire was framed and respondents of the age group 18 to 35 who has shopped luxury goods online were found out from online shopping sites, social media groups of online shoppers. From the analysis it has been deduced that perceived risk partially mediates the relationship between perception towards online luxury shopping and online purchase intention.
The Chutnification of English in Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children: A Stylistic Analysis
Authors: Thomas Deepa
Published: August 2021

Salman Rushdie has been lauded for his energising use of language. In Indian writing in English, Rushdie is generally accepted as an initiator and catalyst of a style that saw English being used imaginatively and with ease. Rushdie’s use of the expression “chutnification” epitomizes his use of language in the novels, with special reference to Midnight’s Children. The process of chutnification of English provides a tasty flavour to Rushdie’s works, which is obviously made possible through the abundant blending of Hindi and Urdu words with English, thereby reflecting India’s hybrid culture. The present paper proposes to make a comprehensive attempt to scrutinise the linguistic experiments conducted by Rushdie in this novel. An examination of the language of Midnight’s Children within the ambit of Stylistics, will yield a rich dividend, and an analysis and a study of this kind will add new insights to the novel.
Economic Bloom: A Progressive Empowerment of Women in Indian Economy
Authors: Shaijan Annliya
Published: August 2021

India ranks the sixth position among the world’s biggest economies, based on the data from the International Monetary Fund, 2018. India is the world’s fastest growing major economy but it fails in empowering women, parallel to the pace mentioned. According to a report issued on 23 April, 2018 by the McKinsey Global Institute, women’s contribution to the country’s GDP is currently only 18%, which is one of the world’s lowest, with only 25% of India’s labor force being women. The government’s latest economic survey points out that there are 21 million “unwanted women” in the country today. This paper attempts to explore the contribution and empowerment of women in the Indian economy, after decades of independence. The Indian economy has the second largest potential in the Asia- Pacific (APAC) region from improving gender disparity. A progressive development can be cited on women empowerment in India in the past decades. Women can play bigger roles in the economic field as entrepreneurs, workers, investors and consumers. Migration is another phenomena observed in the recent years with the aim of betterment in terms of employment and economic gains. Women literacy and economic strengthening of women accelerate the economic growth of the country and are also a matter of women rights.
Remapping the Visual Contours: An Enquiry into the Film Narratives of Adoor Gopalakrishnan
Authors: Varghese Simi
Published: August 2021

Adoor Gopalakrishan has been the greatest film director who had elevated Malayalam film to the level of World Cinema. Truly, he is the master craftsman of Indian cinema second only to Satyajit Ray. He had discovered the identity of Malayalam through his visual narratives. He had metamorphosed each film as an experience and eked out a new visual repertoire for Malayalam films. Hitherto, no serious study has been conducted to absorb the visual magnificence of Adoor films. Concerted efforts have been initiated in other Indian languages and world languages to trace the visual dynamics employed in Adoor films. When foreign film critics approach his films seriously, even today we often falter to imbibe the film sensitivity and culture kickstarted by Mr Adoor Gopalakrishnan. Still, he is the ‘unravished fragrance’ of Malayalam film industry. Adoor has been truly one of the masters of world cinema and had carved a special niche for him in the global film map. My paper tries to portray the new visual fervor inculcated by Adoor films in the Malayalam psyche and will unravel the subtle nuances which deeply touch the labyrinthine milieu of Malayalam film world.
Analysis of Different Factors of Occupational Stress and Associated Health Problems in West Bengal
Authors: Gupta Sanjib Kumar
Published: August 2021

In this modern era, stress becomes a major and relevant problem almost all over the world. Due to increasing trend of stress in every aspect of human life, the 21st century may be looked upon as a century of the stress. Even as days progress, the participation of women in different occupational sector is significantly increasing along with male. Recently, stress is also rising due to globalization and global financial crisis. Occupational stress mainly arises due to unsuitable environment, excessive workload, long time to work, multidimensional work, less salary, non-permanent job, lack of task control, poor relation with higher authority, etc. the main objective of this paper is to find out various factors of occupational stress in West Bengal. In West Bengal, there are various government and non-government sectors with organized and unorganized divisions. Primary data, related to occupational stress, have been collected from the districts of West Bengal. A five-points Likert scale has been used to estimate occupational stress. The average stress score has been determined for the people of rural and urban areas and government and non-government sectors. Chi-square test is applied to test hypotheses related to occupational stress. Factor analysis is implemented to identify the key factors which may directly affect on occupational stress. Logistic regression analysis is utilized to test the significant impacts of few vital socio-economic factors on occupational stress. Mental and physical health issues among the respondents for occupational stress have been identified. The result shows that there is a moderate occupational stress on an average among the employees of West Bengal. However, there is a significant difference in the stress level among rural and urban people as well as government and non-government workers. The result also illustrates that job type, age, occupation, environment of workplace, spending hours at office place, help from colleagues, promotion system, pressure to perform have highly significant impact on occupational stress.
An Investigation of Beliefs, Information and the Halo Effect in Electoral Decision Making
Authors: Hazarika Ishan Kashyap , Rai Sourabh
Published: August 2021

Rational ignorance suggests that voters largely ignore a lot of information while voting due to the high cost of attaining and processing the information. It is further suggested that rational voters do not vote to affect election results but to express opinions. It is thus likely that cognitive biases shape electoral decision-making. The Halo effect, for instance, extrapolates information in one domain to another and helps voters avoid processing extra information. In this paper, we investigate the conditions under which extra information is processed or ignored, and first impressions are generalised. We find, through a Randomised Control Experiment, that new and weakly formed political beliefs also have effects like strongly held political beliefs, on information provided later. In particular, the study presented picture-information about candidates, either accompanying or not accompanying text-information. Additional text-information did not significantly change voter-choice when the text information reaffirmed picture-based preferences but did significantly change voter-choice when it contradicted picture-based preferences. These results are viewed from the perspective of both the Identity-Protective Cognition Thesis and the Halo effect, thus hinting that the two may be connected, an insight that is largely missing in the previous literature.