bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associação dos fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos ao risco de hospitalização de idosos atendidos na atenção primária de saúde
Authors: Oliveira Fabiana Maria Rodrigues Lopes de , Barbosa Keylla Talitha Fernandes , Fernandes Wiliana Aparecida Alves de Brito , Brito Fabiana Medeiros de , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: analizar la asociación de factores sociodemográficos y clínicos con el riesgo de hospitalización de ancianos en la atención primaria de salud. Método: estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 368 adultos mayores registrados en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, el modelo de regresión logística, la prueba de Mantel-Haenszel y el análisis de correspondencia. Resultados: el 75% de los encuestados mostró bajo riesgo; 19% riesgo medio; 6,3% riesgo medio-alto y 2,7% riesgo alto. Las variables estadísticamente significativas asociadas con un mayor riesgo de hospitalización fueron depresión, accidente cerebrovascular, morbilidad autoinformada, estado civil y tez. Conclusión: se sugiere que se realicen estudios prospectivos basados en la población para establecer la relación causal entre otras variables y el resultado de la hospitalización, que no se enfocan en la escala de Probabilidad de Admisión Repetida (Probability of Repeated Admission).
Prevalência de interações medicamentosas envolvendo medicamentos de alta vigilância:
Authors: Cortes Ana Laura Biral , Silvino Zenith Rosa , Santos Fernanda Barbosa Moreira , Pereira Juliana Aguiar Carvalho , Tavares Graziela Silva
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de posibles interacciones farmacológicas (IMP) relacionadas con los medicamentos controlados (MAV) utilizados por una muestra de pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Métodos: estudio retrospectivo transversal de enfoque cuantitativo. La investigación se basó en el análisis de las prescripciones de los pacientes ingresados en la UCI por un período de un año (2014-2015) para identificar posibles interacciones farmacológicas relacionadas con los MAV recurrentes. Para cada registro médico, se analizaron las primeras tres a cinco recetas, según su disponibilidad y el período de hospitalización del individuo. La identificación de las IMP se realizó consultando el dispositivo Trissels de la base de datos Micromedex 2.0. Resultados: en las 244 recetas de medicamentos, se identificaron 846 IMP relacionadas con MAV y 112 pares diferentes de IMP que involucran MAV. Los principales MAV en las IMP fueron: insulina regular, midazolam, fentanilo y tramadol. De los 112 pares de IMP identificadas, algunas fueron recurrentes; a saber: tramadol y ondansetrón, fentanilo y midazolam, midazolam y omeprazol, insulina regular e hidrocortisona, así como insulina regular y noradrenalina. La prevalencia de las IMP con MAV en esta muestra fue de 0,96 (96%). Conclusión: la mayoría de los pacientes estuvo expuesta a IMP que involucran midazolam, fentanilo o insulina regular. Se debe establecer cierta vigilancia para evitar interacciones innecesarias o cuando la administración conjunta de ciertos interagentes sea indispensable. Debe haber competencia suficiente para manejar la administración de drogas de manera más apropiada, con el menor riesgo posible para el paciente.
A violência conjugal expressa durante a gestação e puerpério
Authors: Campos Luana Moura , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Santana Jéssica Damasceno de , Cruz Moniky Araújo da , Gomes Nildete Pereira , Pedreira Larissa Chaves
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: conocer las expresiones de violencia conyugal vividas durante el embarazo y el puerperio. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado con 11 mujeres en proceso judicial por violencia conyugal durante el embarazo y el período posparto. Después de las entrevistas, los datos se sistematizaron en función del discurso del sujeto colectivo. Se respetaron los criterios éticos de la Resolución CNS 466/2012. Resultados: el contenido que emana de los discursos sobre las expresiones de violencia permitió que surgieran las siguientes ideas centrales: física, sexual, psicológica y moral y patrimonial. Conclusión: la violencia conjugal en el período embarazo-posparto se expresa de varias maneras y el abuso que a menudo experimentan las mujeres antes del embarazo puede manifestarse durante el embarazo y en el posparto. Tales evidencias podrían ayudar en la preparación profesional para el reconocimiento temprano de dicho problema en la atención prenatal.
A dor como quinto sinal vital, desafios para a incorporação na formação em saúde
Authors: Ferrari Maria Fernanda Muniz , Daher Donizete Vago , Antunes Juliane de Macedo , Amim Eleinne Felix , Jesus Camila Moreira , Geraldo Marina de Almeida
Published: November 2019

Objective: to reflect on the approach of the topic pain in health professionaltraining courses from the perspective of the fifth vital sign. Methods: reflective study,conducted in May and June 2018, based on scientific literature and the authors’critical analysis. Results: educating for pain management in the perspective ofincorporating it as a fifth vital sign, in a transdisciplinary approach, comprehensivecare, prevention and health promotion, becomes indispensable and priority,because it indicates a redirection of training, and may represent significant advancesand consequent humanized care to individuals living with pain. Conclusion: itwas important to review the curricula of health courses and teaching-learningstrategies giving a prominent place to the content pain, with emphasis on activeand interactive strategies, and a special view to patient-centered care. With this,technical and behavioral competencies that value teamwork and interdisciplinarityare developed with the objective of offering high standard care.
Sono e variáveis de saúde de profissionais de enfermagem nos diferentes turnos de trabalho
Authors: Marçal Joice Araújo , Moraes Bruno Fernando Moneta , Mendes Sandra Soares , De-Martino Milva Maria Figueiredo , Sonati Jaqueline Girnos
Published: November 2019

Introducción: la relación entre los sincronizadores y la organización temporal interna puede verse alterada por los cambios causados por el trabajo en turnos, que se manifiestan como trastornos cardiovasculares, metabólicos y del sueño. Objetivo: analizar el patrón de sueño, las características antropométricas, la glucosa en sangre y la presión arterial de 88 profesionales de enfermería, trabajadores de turno diurno y nocturno. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en los servicios públicos de emergencia de una ciudad del estado de Minas Gerais, que utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un diario del sueño. Las medidas tomadas fueron glucosa en sangre, presión arterial, índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de cintura. Resultados: la duración y la calidad del sueño nocturno de los trabajadores del turno nocturno fueron estadísticamente más bajas que las de los trabajadores del turno diurno. Sin embargo, entre las otras variables estudiadas y turnos no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión: se observó sobrepeso y obesidad en el 59,09% de los profesionales y alteración en la circunferencia de cintura en el 70,46% de ellos. El tener conciencia de esta realidad puede contribuir a futuros estudios, con posibles programas para el monitoreo periódico de la salud de los trabajadores.
Desenvolvimento participativo de tecnologia educacional em contexto hiv/aids
Authors: Teixeira Elizabeth , Palmeira Iací Proença , Rodrigues Ivaneide Leal Ataíde , Brasil Gisele de Brito , Carvalho Dione Seabra de , Machado Thyago Douglas Pereira
Published: November 2019

Introducción: el VIH representa un fenómeno mundial continuo e inestable, con diferentes formas de incidencia, dependiendo de los determinantes conductuales individuales y colectivos. El SIDA se destaca entre las enfermedades infecciosas por la amplitud y alcance del daño causado, además de la alta mortalidad. La persona enferma sufre un gran impacto en su vida, en las esferas biológica, personal y social, lo que lleva a cambios que requieren manejo y readaptación cotidianos. Por lo tanto, en el proceso de trabajo de educación sanitaria con estas personas, existe la posibilidad de construir y difundir conocimientos y prácticas de vida saludable. Objetivo: construir con profesionales de la salud una tecnología educativa para mediar el proceso de educación sanitaria en el contexto del VIH/SIDA. Método: investigación cualitativa en la que la recogida de datos utilizó la técnica de grupos focales mediante un guión compuesto por preguntas relacionadas con la presentación y el contenido de la tecnología. Participaron ocho profesionales de la salud que atienden a personas que viven con el VIH/SIDA en una unidad de referencia de Belém-Pará. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis temáticos. Resultados: la tecnología desarrollada fue del tipo de folleto titulado "Consejos para vivir bien". Los temas que surgieron se refieren a las formas de transmisión, pruebas de diagnóstico, monitoreo, higiene personal, medio ambiente y alimentos y alimentación saludable. Conclusión: la tecnología educativa se construyó, en su forma y contenido, con los profesionales de la salud. Surgió de sus prácticas diarias y mostró uso potencial en los servicios de salud para mediar el proceso de trabajo en educación de salud sobre VIH / SIDA.
Cenas cotidianas do cuidado
Authors: Gonçalves Roberta Lima , Penna Cláudia Maria de Mattos
Published: November 2019

Objective: to unveil the daily scenes experienced in the health services that makeup the Stork Network. Method: case study of qualitative approach, based onComprehensive Sociology of Everyday Life. Data collection occurred between Julyand September 2017, through documentary analysis and semi-structured interviewsand non-participant observation with social actors involved in the Stork Networkof a municipality in the state of Paraíba. We performed data triangulation andthematic content analysis. Results: two categories were identified: who enters theStork Network? Everyday scenes: (un)care in evidence. It was demonstrated thecreative and dynamic production of the Stork Network by social actors, whichbuild the paths to be covered in the search for care, and identified the gaps in thediagnostic and therapeutic support system that can hamper care. Conclusion: theStork Network is reconstructed daily by the sociality present among the social actorsof health services that offer maternal and child care.
Capacidade funcional e eventos estressores em idosos
Authors: Ferreira Gerlania Rodrigues Salviano , Costa Tatiana Ferreira da , Pimenta Cláudia Jeane Lopes , Silva Cleane Rosa Ribeiro da , Bezerra Thaíse Alves , Viana Lia Raquel de Carvalho , Costa Kátia Neyla de Freitas Macedo
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: relacionar la capacidad funcional y los acontecimientos estresantes en ancianos. Método: estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 80 pacientes de edad avanzada tratados en la clínica ambulatoria de un hospital universitario de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas, un instrumento semiestructurado para obtener datos sociodemográficos, así como el índice de Barthel y el inventario de acontecimientos vitales estresantes para los ancianos. Resultados: se observaron correlaciones negativas y estadísticamente significativas (p ≤ 0,05) entre los puntajes de capacidad funcional y el número e intensidad de acontecimientos estresantes vividos por los ancianos. Conclusión: la experiencia de acontecimientos estresantes por parte de los adultos mayores actuó negativamente en la capacidad funcional, causando daños a la autonomía y a la independencia de estos individuos.
A prática de autolesão em jovens
Authors: Barbosa Viviane , Lollo Maria Cristina Di , Zerbetto Sônia Regina , Hortense Priscilla
Published: November 2019

El dolor es una experiencia desagradabl;, sin embargo, hay situaciones en las que es auto provocada. El tema de este trabajo involucra el comportamiento de provocar dolor a través de la autolesión. Objetivo: analizar el fenómeno de la autolesión a partir de los significados atribuidos a la percepción de dolor por parte de los jóvenes que han vivido la experiencia, e identificar aspectos relacionados con la práctica de la autolesión. Método: estudio cualitativo, a través de la entrevista semiestructurada, con 10 jóvenes de entre 18 y 28 años, que se autolesionan o ya se han autolesionado. Los datos fueron analizados por la técnica de análisis de contenido temático e interpretados por la teoría psicoanalítica freudiana. Resultados: se identificaron siete categorías; sin embargo, en este artículo, sólo se discutirán las categorías "los significados y los sentidos del dolor" y las "sensaciones y sentimientos". En la primera categoría surgieron los temas "el dolor físico alivia el dolor emocional", "buen dolor", "intensidad del dolor" y "dolor deseado". Ya en la segunda categoría surgieron los temas "alivio", "angustia", "culpa", "tristeza" y "enojo". Conclusión: la autolesión parece ser una descarga de contenidos psíquicos insoportables que alivia el sufrimiento psíquico.
Implantação de protocolo de qualidade assistencial baseado em cuidados centrados no paciente crítico
Authors: Cavalcanti Taciana de Castilhos , Schmitz Thais dos Santos Donato , Berto Paula Pinheiro , Plotnik Rose , Fernandes Vivian Rodrigues , Azzolin Karina Oliveira
Published: November 2019

Objective: to describe the stages of the elaboration and implementation of a qualitycare protocol, based on the ABCDEF bundle, adapted to local needs, integrating it withthe patient-centered view of care experienced by the multiprofessional group throughthe eyes of nurses. Method: this is an experience report of the elaboration and partialimplementation of a care quality protocol, based on the PAD guidelines inserted inthe Care Quality Program “ABCDEF”, which addresses the management of analgesia,sedation and delirium, encompassing discontinuation of mechanical ventilation, earlymobilization, sleep hygiene and humanization protocols since ICU admission. Results:the protocols of sedoanalgesia, discontinuation of mechanical ventilation and earlymobilization were implemented so far. These underwent extensive discussion withthe multidisciplinary care team prior to implementation. Conclusion: there are manyfactors that facilitate and hinder the implementation of ABCDEF bundle in our reality.The change proposal is well accepted by the group, but adherence is not constant.Intense efforts with continuing education, meetings with multiprofessional staff andappreciation of work by managers seem to improve engagement.
Processo de trabalho de enfermeiros na vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil
Authors: Vieira Daniele de Souza , Dias Tayanne Kiev Carvalho , Pedrosa Rafaella Karolina Bezerra , Vaz Elenice Maria Cecchetti , Collet Neusa , Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: investigar el proceso de trabajo de los enfermeros en las consultas de cuidado infantil sobre la vigilancia del desarrollo infantil en las unidades de salud familiar. Método: investigación cualitativa con 19 enfermeros que realizaron consultas de cuidado infantil a niños menores de dos años en unidades de salud familiar. La recogida de datos tuvo lugar de marzo a julio de 2016 a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: se evidenció que los enfermeros implementan algunas acciones de atención recomendadas para la consulta de cuidado infantil, pero la vigilancia del desarrollo neuropsicomotor y las técnicas relacionales son frágiles. Los factores que obstaculizan el proceso de trabajo de los enfermeros para llevar a cabo la vigilancia del desarrollo infantil fueron infraestructura inadecuada, falta de insumos y baja adhesión de las madres a las consultas. Conclusión: se precisa calificación de los enfermeros y conciencia de los gerentes para proporcionar condiciones de trabajo favorables con miras a la promoción de la atención integral del niño.
Análise da proposta de ensino da ética em cursos técnicos em enfermagem nos âmbitos público e privado
Authors: Mattge Verônica Nascimento , Lacerda Maria Ribeiro , Gomes Ingrid Meireles
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: analizar la planificación de la enseñanza de la ética profesional en proyectos políticos de cursos de educación técnica secundaria en Enfermería en Curitiba-PR. Método: análisis documental de un instrumento adaptado de Kloh elaborado en 2016. La recogida y análisis de datos se realizó en enero de 2018. Resultados: los documentos analizados permiten identificar similitudes centradas en la autonomía del alumno en la formación, teniendo en cuenta la ley de la práctica profesional, debilidades en la evaluación y desacuerdos, capacitación por competencias basadas en tareas, perfil de los docentes, organización del contenido curricular, disponibilidad de documentos. Conclusión: a pesar de las debilidades y divergencias, los proyectos políticos favorecen la formación ética del técnico de enfermería y su evaluación fomenta la reflexión y permite la construcción de documentos que respalden la capacitación en el área.
Judicialização na saúde em município de grande porte
Authors: Batistella Paula Mestre Ferreira , Ferrari Rosangela Pimenta , Girotto Edmarlon , Pieri Flávia Meneghetti , Rossaneis Mariana Angela , Aroni Patrícia , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço
Published: November 2019

Introducción: la judicialización como un fenómeno para garantizar el derecho a la salud es un tema de creciente discusión en Brasil debido a la definición constitucional de salud en el país, que incluye la integralidad. Objetivo: caracterizar los procesos de judicialización de la salud en una gran ciudad. Método: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y documental realizado en los 1º y 2º Distritos Judiciales de Londrina – Paraná. La información se recopiló en el sistema de proceso electrónico del Poder Judicial de Paraná. Resultados: se identificaron 706 casos. La mayoría (51,2%) de las demandas fueron presentadas por mujeres mayores de 60 años (47,5%), originadas por recetas médicas del servicio público (71.7%) y representadas por abogados particulares (55,3%). El activo más demandado fueron los medicamentos (88,1%), 80,1% de ellos no constaban en la Lista Nacional de Medicamentos Esenciales. Durante el período de recogida de datos, la mayoría (85,5%) era de casos en tramitación y de estos, el 36.5% desde hacía más de 900 días. El resultado de las demandas se confirmó en 60,8% de los casos y se declaró improcedente en 17.6%. El monto total en judicialización en el período estudiado superó los R $ 55.000.000,00. Conclusión: para reducir los costos y la cantidad de demandas, las políticas de salud pública deben revisarse para incluir la mayor cantidad de medicamentos en las listas de servicios de salud, facilitando el acceso de estos productos a los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud. Se sugiere investigación adicional para averiguar el motivo de la prescripción de medicamentos no estándar.
Variabilité interannuelle des précipitations dans la plaine de la Mitidja en Algérie du Nord
Authors: Drouiche Abdelmadjid , Nezzal Fatiha , Djema Manal
Published: November 2019

Le bassin versant de la Mitidja (1 300 km2), situé au Nord de l'Algérie, a enregistré une sécheresse vers la fin du XXe siècle. Le but du présent travail est de caractériser cet épisode et de déterminer son extension spatiale dans le bassin versant au moyen de l’analyse des données pluviométriques mesurées dans huit stations. L’analyse de la longue série pluviométrique de la station de référence d’Hamiz barrage (1905-2010) au moyen de plusieurs tests statistiques (Mann-Kendall, Pettitt, U de Buishand et la procédure bayésienne de Lee et Heghinian) a révélé que cet épisode de sécheresse a sévi de 1973 à 2001 et a provoqué une baisse des précipitations annuelles variant entre 16 % et 24 % dans le bassin versant. Après cette période de sécheresse, une période humide s’est installée dans la Mitidja et est à l’origine d’une hausse des précipitations annuelles de 31,4 %, notamment à la station de Réghaïa.
Selected Topics on Business Informatics: Editorial Introduction to Issue 20 of CSIMQ
Authors: Zdravkovic Jelena
Published: November 2019

This issue complements the previous issue in the way that it aggregates some prominent research results of the 17th International Conference on Perspectives in Business Informatics Research (BIR2018) in Stockholm, Sweden, in September 24-26, 2018 together with a recent research in the Business Informatics discipline and thus makes this issue highly actual. The topics of the issue concern improvements of enterprise architecture modeling and management in the directions of automation, adaptivness, digitalization and security with privacy.
A Framework for Automatic IT Architecture Modeling: Applying Truth Discovery
Authors: Välja Margus , Lagerström Robert , Franke Ulrik , Ericsson Göran
Published: November 2019

Modeling IT architecture is a complex, time consuming, and error prone task. However, many systems produce information that can be used for automating modeling. Early studies show that this is a feasible approach if we can overcome certain obstacles. Often more than one source is needed in order to cover the data requirements of an IT architecture model; and the use of multiple sources means that heterogeneous data needs to be merged. Moreover, the same collection of data might be useful for creating more than one kind of models for decision support. IT architecture is constantly changing and data sources provide information that can deviate from reality to some degree. There can be problems with varying accuracy (e.g. actuality and coverage), representation (e.g. data syntax and file format), or inconsistent semantics. Thus, integration of heterogeneous data from different sources needs to handle data quality problems of the sources. This can be done by using probabilistic models. In the field of truth discovery, these models have been developed to track data source trustworthiness in order to help solving conflicts while making quality issues manageable for automatic modeling. We build upon previous research in modeling automation and propose a framework for merging data from multiple sources with a truth discovery algorithm to create multiple IT architecture models. The usefulness of the proposed framework is demonstrated in a study where models using three tools are created, namely; Archi, securiCAD, and EMFTA.
Method Framework for Developing Enterprise Architecture Security Principles
Authors: Larno Sara , Seppänen Ville , Nurmi Jarkko
Published: November 2019

Organizations need to consider many facets of information security in their daily operations – among others, the rapidly increasing use of IT, emerging technologies and digitalization of organizations’ core resources provoke new threats that can be difficult to anticipate. It has been argued that the security and privacy considerations should be embedded in all the areas of organizational activities instead of only relying technical security mechanisms provided by the underlying systems and software. Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) offers a holistic approach for managing different dimensions of an organization, and can be conceived as a coherent and consistent set of principles that guide how the enterprise must be designed. This article contributes with a method framework for integrating information security with EAM, aimed at providing support for the decision-making related to formulating context-aware EA security principles. The presented method framework is a result of a constructive research based on both the theoretical body of knowledge and the empirical evidence, obtained by interviewing 35 Finnish EA and information security practitioners.
Induction of Sertoli-like cells from human fibroblasts by NR5A1 and GATA4
Authors: Liang Jianlin , Wang Nan , He Jing , Du Jian , Guo Yahui , Li Lin , Wu Wenbo , Yao Chencheng , Li Zheng , Kee Kehkooi
Published: November 2019

Sertoli cells are essential nurse cells in the testis that regulate the process of spermatogenesis and establish the immune-privileged environment of the blood-testis-barrier (BTB). Here, we report the in vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts to human induced Sertoli-like cells (hiSCs). Initially, five transcriptional factors and a gene reporter carrying the AMH promoter were utilized to obtain the hiSCs. We further reduce the number of reprogramming factors to two, NR5A1 and GATA4, and show that these hiSCs have transcriptome profiles and cellular properties that are similar to those of primary human Sertoli cells. Moreover, hiSCs can sustain the viability of spermatogonia cells harvested from mouse seminiferous tubules. hiSCs suppress the proliferation of human T lymphocytes and protect xenotransplanted human cells in mice with normal immune systems. hiSCs also allow us to determine a gene associated with Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCO), CX43, is indeed important in regulating the maturation of Sertoli cells.
The DNA-binding protein HTa from Thermoplasma acidophilum is an archaeal histone analog
Authors: Hocher Antoine , Rojec Maria , Swadling Jacob B , Esin Alexander , Warnecke Tobias
Published: November 2019

Histones are a principal constituent of chromatin in eukaryotes and fundamental to our understanding of eukaryotic gene regulation. In archaea, histones are widespread but not universal: several lineages have lost histone genes. What prompted or facilitated these losses and how archaea without histones organize their chromatin remains largely unknown. Here, we elucidate primary chromatin architecture in an archaeon without histones, Thermoplasma acidophilum, which harbors a HU family protein (HTa) that protects part of the genome from micrococcal nuclease digestion. Charting HTa-based chromatin architecture in vitro, in vivo and in an HTa-expressing E. coli strain, we present evidence that HTa is an archaeal histone analog. HTa preferentially binds to GC-rich sequences, exhibits invariant positioning throughout the growth cycle, and shows archaeal histone-like oligomerization behavior. Our results suggest that HTa, a DNA-binding protein of bacterial origin, has converged onto an architectural role filled by histones in other archaea.
Biographical Introduction, Summary of Contents (Danish original), Summary of Contents (German edition) and Summary of Contents (English edition)
Authors: Aspaas Per Pippin
Published: November 2019

The seventh volume in the series consists of extracts from Erich Pontoppidan's Natural History of Norway, originally published in Danish in 1752 and soon followed by a German (1753) and an English edition (1755). All three editions are included, with extracts covering Pontoppidan's treatment of the aurora borealis and closely related subjects. They are introduced by a biographical essay and summaries of contents by Per Pippin Aspaas from UiT The Arctic University of Norway.
Vitisflower types: from the wild to crop plants
Authors: Coito João L. , Silva Helena G. , Ramos Miguel J.N. , Cunha Jorge , Eiras-Dias José , Amâncio Sara , Costa Maria M.R. , Rocheta Margarida
Published: November 2019

Vitis viniferacan be divided into two subspecies,V. viniferasubsp.vinifera, one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, and its wild ancestor,V. viniferasubsp.sylvestris. Three flower types can be observed: hermaphrodite and female (on some varieties) invinifera, and male or female flowers insylvestris. It is assumed that the different flower types in the wild ancestor arose through specific floral patterns of organ abortion. A considerable amount of data about the diversity of sexual systems in grapevines has been collected over the past century. Several grapevine breeding studies led to the hypothesis that dioecy inviniferais derived from a hermaphrodite ancestor and could be controlled by either, one or two linked genetic determinants following Mendelian inherence. More recently, experiments using molecular approaches suggested that theselociwere located in a specific region of the chromosome 2 ofvinifera. Based on the works published so far, its seems evident that a putative sexlocusis present in chromosome 2. However, it is still not fully elucidated whether flower types are regulated by two linkedlocior by onelocuswith three alleles. Nevertheless, several genes could contribute to sex determination in grapevine. This review presents the results from early studies, combined with the recent molecular approaches, which may contribute to the design of new experiments towards a better understanding of the sex inheritance in grapevine.
The acute effect of match-play on hip range of motion and isometric strength in elite tennis players
Authors: Moreno-Pérez Victor , Nakamura Fabio Yuzo , Sánchez-Migallón Violeta , Domínguez Raul , Fernández-Elías Valentín Emilio , Fernández-Fernández Jaime , Pérez-López Alberto , López-Samanes Alvaro
Published: November 2019

Background

Groin injuries are some of the most common injuries tennis players suffer. Several factors (e.g., post-match decrease in hip adductor (ADD) strength) have been proposed as possible mechanisms for increasing the incidence of this type of injury. However, the risk factors of developing groin injuries after a tennis match have not yet been delineated.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tennis match-play on isometric ADD and abductor (ABD) strength and passive hip range of motion (ROM).

Methods

Twenty-six male tennis players (20.30 ± 4.98 years) took part in this study. Participants completed an evaluation of strength and flexibility hip measurements before and after a simulated tennis match. Dominant and non-dominant passive hip ROM, ADD and ABD isometric strength, and the ADD/ABD strength ratio were measured before and immediately post-match. A global positioning system (GPS) and a session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to assess the locomotive demands and internal match load.

Results

Isometric dominant ADD strength (17.8%, p ≤ 0.01) and ADD/ABD strength ratio (11.6%, p = 0.04) were lower post-match compared to the pre-match values. No between-limbs differences were observed for isometric ADD strength, ABD strength, and passive hip ROM tests. RPE showed an expected increase between pre- vs. post-match (pre- vs. post-warming-up, 3.42 ± 2.08 vs. 5.62 ± 2.29, p < 0.01). In addition, a significant relationship between ADD strength and the volume of tennis practice per week was found, stablishing that tennis players with lower volume of training per week suffered a reduction in ADD strength in their dominant limb after match-play (r = 0.420, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

The assessment of ADD strength and the ADD/ABD strength ratio in the dominant limb may be considered a post-match tool that can be used to identify players who require rest and additional recovery strategies before competing again.
Long-term dynamics of urban thermal comfort in China’s four major capital cities across different climate zones
Authors: Fu Yao , Ren Zhibin , Yu Qiuyan , He Xingyuan , Xiao Lu , Wang Qiong , Liu Chang
Published: November 2019

China has experienced intensive urbanization over the past decades. However, it is still unclear about the influence of urbanization on urban thermal comfort and how the effect varies with climate condition. Based on long-term daily meteorological data from 1990 to 2015 in four Chinese cities undergoing rapid urbanization, our study tried to detect the long-term dynamics of summer urban thermal comfort across different climate zones and analyze their relationships with urbanization. Our results showed that urbanization can increase urban temperature and decrease relative humidity and wind velocity. Urban thermal comfort and discomfort days also changed greatly, especially in Harbin, Northeast China from 1990 to 2015. However, such changes for different cities across different climate zones are inconsistent. Results also showed that urbanization especially for social economic activities can have a significant influence on the physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET). Compared with southern cities, the PET in northern cities such as Harbin and Changchun in this study is more sensitive to urbanization. These results reveal that the changing patterns of urban thermal comfort in Chinese cities under rapid urbanization, and help government take some effective measures to improve urban thermal environment.
Virtual Reality–Based Biofeedback and Guided Meditation in Rheumatology: A Pilot Study
Authors: Venuturupalli R. Swamy , Chu Timothy , Vicari Marcus , Kumar Amit , Fortune Natalie , Spielberg Ben
Published: November 2019

Objective

As technology continues to improve, it plays an increasingly vital role in the practice of medicine. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the implementation of virtual reality (VR) in a rheumatology clinic as a platform to administer guided meditation and biofeedback as a means of reducing chronic pain.

Methods

Twenty participants were recruited from a rheumatology clinic. These participants included adults with physician‐diagnosed autoimmune disorders who were on a stable regimen of medication and had a score of at least 5 on the pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for a minimum of 4 days during the prior 30 days. VAS, part of most composite outcome measurements in rheumatology, is an instrument used to assess pain that consists of a straight line with the endpoints ranging from “no pain at all” and “pain as bad as it could be.” Patients were randomized into two groups that differed in the order in which they experienced the two VR modules. One module consisted of a guided meditation (GM) environment, whereas the other module consisted of a respiratory biofeedback (BFD) environment. Data on pain and anxiety levels were gathered before, during, and after the two modules.

Results

The three most common diagnoses among participants were rheumatoid arthiritis (RA), lupus, and fibromyalgia. There was a significant reduction in VAS scores after BFD and GM (P values = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). There was a significant reduction in Facial Anxiety Scale after the GM compared with the BFD (P values = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively).

Conclusion

This novel study demonstrated that VR could be a feasible solution for the management of pain and anxiety in rheumatology patients. Further trials with varying treatment exposures and durations are required to solidify the viability of VR as a treatment option in rheumatology clinics.
2D Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Hybrid as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Long‐Life Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Deng Peilin , Chen Guangda , Chen Jinxi , Yan Ya , Qi Kai , Liu Hongfang , Xia Bao Yu
Published: November 2019

The rational construction of efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is of immense significance yet challenging for rechargeable metal–air batteries. Herein, this work reports a metal–organic framework derived 2D nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes/graphene hybrid as the efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries. The as‐obtained hybrid exhibits excellent catalytic activity and durability for the oxygen electrochemical reactions due to the synergistic effect by the hierarchical structure and heteroatom doping. The assembled rechargeable zinc–air battery achieves a high power density of 253 mW cm−2 and specific capacity of 801 mAh gZn−1 with excellent cycle stability of over 3000 h at 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the flexible solid‐state rechargeable zinc–air batteries assembled by this hybrid oxygen electrocatalyst exhibits a high discharge power density of 223 mW cm−2, which can power 45 light‐emitting diodes and charge a cellphone. This work provides valuable insights in designing efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for long‐life metal–air batteries and related energy conversion technologies.
3D Printing of Interdigitated Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Chortos Alex , Hajiesmaili Ehsan , Morales Javier , Clarke David R. , Lewis Jennifer A.
Published: November 2019

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are soft electromechanical devices that exhibit large energy densities and fast actuation rates. They are typically produced by planar methods and, thus, expand in‐plane when actuated. Here, reported is a method for fabricating 3D interdigitated DEAs that exhibit in‐plane contractile actuation modes. First, a conductive elastomer ink is created with the desired rheology needed for printing high‐fidelity, interdigitated electrodes. Upon curing, the electrodes are then encapsulated in a self‐healing dielectric matrix composed of a plasticized, chemically crosslinked polyurethane acrylate. 3D DEA devices are fabricated with tunable mechanical properties that exhibit breakdown fields of 25 V µm−1 and actuation strains of up to 9%. As exemplars, printed are prestrain‐free rotational actuators and multi‐voxel DEAs with orthogonal actuation directions in large‐area, out‐of‐plane motifs.
A Nonmetallic Stretchable Nylon‐Modified High Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Qian Jichao , He Jian , Qian Shuo , Zhang Jing , Niu Xushi , Fan Xueming , Wang Chao , Hou Xiaojuan , Mu Jiliang , Geng Wenping , Chou Xiujian
Published: November 2019

As a new energy harvesting strategy, triboelectric nanogenerators which have a broad application prospect in collecting environmental energy, human body mechanical energy, and supplying power for low‐power electronic devices, have attracted extensive attention. However, technology challenges still exist in the stretchability for the preparation of some high‐performance triboelectric materials. In this work, a new strategy for nonmetallic nylon‐modified triboelectric nanogenerators (NM‐TENGs) is reported. Nylon is introduced as a high performance friction material to enhance the output performance of the stretchable TENG. The uniform matrix reduces the difficulty of heterogeneous integration and enhances the structural strength. The open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and short‐circuit current (ISC) of NM‐TENG can reach up to 1.17 kV and 138 µA, respectively. The instantaneous power density reaches 11.2 W m−2 and the rectified output can directly light ≈480 LEDs. The transferred charge density is ≈100 µC m−2 in one cycle when charging the capacitor. In addition, a low‐power electronic clock can be driven directly by the rectified signal without additional circuits. NM‐TENG also has high enough strain rate and can be attached to the human body for energy harvesting effectively. This work provides a new idea for fabrication of stretchable TENGs and demonstrates their potential application.
Perpendicular MXene Arrays with Periodic Interspaces toward Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes with High‐Rate Capabilities
Authors: Cao Zhenjiang , Zhu Qi , Wang Shuai , Zhang Di , Chen Hao , Du Zhiguo , Li Bin , Yang Shubin
Published: November 2019

Although lithium metal is an ultimate anode material for lithium‐based batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity, the uncontrollable dendrites and infinite volume change associated with poor rate capabilities are stagnating its practical applications. Here, a new type of perpendicular MXene–Li array is developed with tunable MXene walls and constant space in between as anodes for lithium metal batteries. Such perpendicular MXene arrays possess dual periodic interspaces, i.e., nanometer‐scale interspaces in MXene walls and micrometer‐scale interspaces between MXene walls. The former interspaces are favorable for the fast transfer of lithium ions upon stripping and plating, and the latter enables efficiently homogenization of the electric field, leading to a good high‐rate capability up to 20 mA cm−2. More importantly, the notorious lightning rod effect and volume change are efficiently inhibited in such perpendicular MXene arrays, giving rise to a dendrite‐free lithium anode with a low potential of 25 mV, a high capacity of 2056 mAh g−1, and good cycle stability up to 1700 h.
A “Missile‐Detonation” Strategy to Precisely Supply and Efficiently Amplify Cerenkov Radiation Energy for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Yu Bo , Ni Dalong , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Barnhart Todd E. , Wei Hao , Ferreira Carolina A. , Lan Xiaoli , Engle Jonathan W. , He Qianjun , Yu Faquan , Cai Weibo
Published: November 2019

Cerenkov radiation (CR) from radionuclides can act as a built‐in light source for cancer theranostics, opening a new horizon in biomedical applications. However, considerably low tumor‐targeting efficiency of existing radionuclides and radionuclide‐based nanomedicines limits the efficacy of CR‐induced theranostics (CRIT). It remains a challenge to precisely and efficiently supply CR energy to the tumor site. Here, a “missile‐detonation” strategy is reported, in which a high dose of p‐SCN‐Bn‐deferoxamine‐porphyrin‐PEG nanocomplex (Df‐PPN) is first adminstered as a CR energy receiver/missile to passively target to tumor, and then a low dose of the 89Zr‐labeled Df‐PPN is administrated as a CR energy donor/detonator, which can be visualized and quantified by Cerenkov energy transfer imaging, positron‐emission tomography, and fluorescence imaging. Based on homologous properties, the colocalization of Df‐PPN and 89Zr‐Df‐PPN in the tumor site is maximized and efficient CR energy transfer is enabled, which maximizes the tumor‐targeted CRIT efficacy in an optimal spatiotemporal setting while also reducing adverse off‐target effects from CRIT. This precise and efficient CRIT strategy causes significant tumor vascular damage and inhibited tumor growth.
Supercapillary Architecture‐Activated Two‐Phase Boundary Layer Structures for Highly Stable and Efficient Flow Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Li Wenming , Wang Zuankai , Yang Fanghao , Alam Tamanna , Jiang Mengnan , Qu Xiaopeng , Kong Fengyu , Khan Ahmed Shehab , Liu Minjie , Alwazzan Mohammad , Tong Yan , Li Chen
Published: November 2019

Development of smaller, faster, and more powerful electronic devices requires effective cooling strategies to efficiently remove ever‐greater heat. Phase‐change heat transfer such as boiling and evaporation has been widely exploited in various water‐energy industries owing to its efficient heat transfer mode. Despite extensive progress, it remains challenging to achieve the physical limit of flow boiling due to highly transitional and chaotic nature of multiphase flows as well as unfavorable boundary layer structures. Herein, a new strategy that promises to approach the physical limit of flow boiling heat transfer is reported. The flow boiling device with multiple channels is characterized with the design of micropinfin fences, which fundamentally transforms the boundary layer structures and imparts significantly higher heat transfer coefficient even at high heat flux conditions, in which boiling heat transfer is usually deteriorated due to the development of dryout starting from outlet regions and severe two‐phase flow instabilities. Moreover, the approaching of physical limit is achieved without elevating pressure drop.
Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead–Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions
Authors: Ruggeri Edoardo , Anaya Miguel , Gałkowski Krzysztof , Delport Géraud , Kosasih Felix Utama , Abfalterer Anna , Mackowski Sebastian , Ducati Caterina , Stranks Samuel D.
Published: November 2019

Halide perovskites are emerging as valid alternatives to conventional photovoltaic active materials owing to their low cost and high device performances. This material family also shows exceptional tunability of properties by varying chemical components, crystal structure, and dimensionality, providing a unique set of building blocks for new structures. Here, highly stable self‐assembled lead–tin perovskite heterostructures formed between low‐bandgap 3D and higher‐bandgap 2D components are demonstrated. A combination of surface‐sensitive X‐ray diffraction, spatially resolved photoluminescence, and electron microscopy measurements is used to reveal that microstructural heterojunctions form between high‐bandgap 2D surface crystallites and lower‐bandgap 3D domains. Furthermore, in situ X‐ray diffraction measurements are used during film formation to show that an ammonium thiocyanate additive delays formation of the 3D component and thus provides a tunable lever to substantially increase the fraction of 2D surface crystallites. These novel heterostructures will find use in bottom cells for stable tandem photovoltaics with a surface 2D layer passivating the 3D material, or in energy‐transfer devices requiring controlled energy flow from localized surface crystallites to the bulk.
A Micropillar‐Assisted Versatile Strategy for Highly Sensitive and Efficient Triboelectric Energy Generation under In‐Plane Stimuli
Authors: Chun Sungwoo , Pang Changhyun , Cho Sung Beom
Published: November 2019

For the application of portable and wearable devices, the development of energy harvesters sensitive to various types of local and subtle mechanical displacements is essential. One of the most abundant but difficult‐to‐harvest mechanical energies in everyday life is the in‐plane kinetic energy that arises from a rubbing motion. Here, an efficient method is proposed to generate electrical energy from tiny horizontal forces by laminating microstructures on a conventional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The microhairy structures serve to induce contact friction between the two dielectric materials, driven by reversible mechanical bending when a contact rubbing pressure or noncontact airflow is applied in the horizontal direction. Compared to TENG devices without microstructures, the introduction of microstructures greatly enhances the energy harvesting in the same situation. In addition, the TENG device with micropillars can generate electrical output under tiny mechanical variations (<0.2 Pa) induced by a local deformation below individual micropillars. A high energy‐generation capability is demonstrated by rubbing textured samples on the micropillar‐structured TENG devices to induce horizontal contact friction. The devices can also efficiently harvest electrical energy from noncontact fluidic airflow. By assembling the microhairy structures on a conventional TENG, more complex and realistic mechanical motion can be harvested.
Dual‐Locking Nanoparticles Disrupt the PD‐1/PD‐L1 Pathway for Efficient Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Zhanzhan , Wang Qixue , Liu Qi , Zheng Yadan , Zheng Chunxiong , Yi Kaikai , Zhao Yu , Gu Yu , Wang Ying , Wang Chun , Zhao Xinzhi , Shi Linqi , Kang Chunsheng , Liu Yang
Published: November 2019

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated (Cas) enzyme, Cas13a, holds great promise in cancer treatment due to its potential for selective destruction of tumor cells via collateral effects after target recognition. However, these collateral effects do not specifically target tumor cells and may cause safety issues when administered systemically. Herein, a dual‐locking nanoparticle (DLNP) that can restrict CRISPR/Cas13a activation to tumor tissues is described. DLNP has a core–shell structure, in which the CRISPR/Cas13a system (plasmid DNA, pDNA) is encapsulated inside the core with a dual‐responsive polymer layer. This polymer layer endows the DLNP with enhanced stability during blood circulation or in normal tissues and facilitates cellular internalization of the CRISPR/Cas13a system and activation of gene editing upon entry into tumor tissue. After carefully screening and optimizing the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) sequence that targets programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), DLNP demonstrates the effective activation of T‐cell‐mediated antitumor immunity and the reshaping of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in B16F10‐bearing mice, resulting in significantly enhanced antitumor effect and improved survival rate. Further development by replacing the specific crRNA of target genes can potentially make DLNP a universal platform for the rapid development of safe and efficient cancer immunotherapies.