bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projecting impacts of climate change on water quality and quantity using an AI-based model as an innovative alternative to physically-based models
Authors: Moezzi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Abousaeidi Ali , Khorashadi Zadeh Farkhondeh , Sheikholeslami Razi , Nkwasa Albert , van Griensven Ann
Published: March 2024

This study explores an innovative approach to assess the impact of climate change on water quality and quantity by employing an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model, as an alternative to conventional physically-based models. Physically-based models, like SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), are widely used but face limitations in climate change scenario analysis due to the extensive input data requirements, complex model parameterization and prolonged simulation times. To overcome these challenges, we investigate the application of AI-based models, specifically the Random Forest (RF) method, for climate change scenario analysis in the Simiyu catchment of the Lake Victoria basin. Using meteorological data as input data, the RF model is trained with SWAT results for river flow and sediment load. Subsequently, the RF model is validated and utilized to predict river flow and sediment load under different climate change scenarios using new meteorological data. The RF model is compared to SWAT, demonstrating advantages, such as reduced input data requirements and computational costs. This research provides a streamlined and efficient approach for projecting climate change impacts on water quality and quantity, emphasizing the potential benefits of AI-based models over traditional physically-based counterparts.
Key words: Climate change scenarios, Artificial intelligence, Random forest, SWAT model
Microbiological fertilizers for the future decontamination and detoxification of warfare-affected soils
Authors: Samarska Alla , Wiche Oliver
Published: March 2024

Warfare and military operations impact all the environmental compartments, but soils are most affected. Unlike dynamic systems such as air and water, soils are not able to decrease concentrations of pollutants quickly and effectively due to the dilution effect. Some contaminants can remain in soils for a few years, decades and even centuries, for example, lead (Pb) ‒ a typical heavy metal of warfare actions. The war impact on soils can be divided into mechanical (bombturbation, movement of heavy military equipment, trenches, fortifications), physical (heat, noise, vibration, radiation), chemical (explosives, heavy metals, oil products, PAH) and biological (dead bodies, mass graves, pathogenic microbes). All these factors result in the complete degradation of soil ecosystems. Thus, soils lose their main property – fertility and become unsuitable for intended use. This influences food production and food security dramatically since one-third of black soils (chernozems – one of the most fertile soils globally) are located in Ukraine. Consequently, in the near future, the ongoing destruction and contamination of Ukrainian fertile soils can lead to not only a regional ecological disaster but also a global food crisis. In order to avoid full-scale ecological and food crises and save the status of Ukraine as an agricultural country, it is essential to develop and implement environmentally friendly biotechnologies for soil detoxication, decontamination, sanitation and restoration.
It is essential to remediate not only visible mechanical damage (fill funnels with soil) but also chemical and biological contamination, which requires extended laboratory analysis and field investigation. If the restoration and rehabilitation of warfare-affected lands are not started in time, inaction can result in intense erosion, waterlogging or desertification, vertical and horizontal migration of pollutants into underground and surface waters, toxic dust formation by wind and entering xenobiotics and toxicants in food chains.
In the ongoing project, we explore the efficiency of biofertilizers produced in Ukraine for developing eco-friendly approaches for enhanced phytoremediation (biodegradation of organic explosives, enhanced phytoextraction of potentially toxic metal(loid)s, phytostabilization). The tested inocula cover an array of beneficial bacteria and fungi, including Azotobacter, Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Trichoderma viride (lignorum, harzianum), as well as various combinations of bacteria and fungi.
Advancing understanding on aviation's non-CO2 climate effects
Authors: Dedoussi Irene
Published: March 2024

Non-CO2 emissions contribute to climate effects from aviation in the same order of magnitude as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the non-CO2 effects, comprising e.g., ozone and methane induced from NOx emissions, together with contrails, or the indirect aerosol effects, are associated with much larger uncertainties. While CO2 and non-CO2 effects in general introduce a warming effect for climate change, some indirect effects might result in a relatively large cooling component. The EU Aeronautics project ACACIA (Advancing the SCience for Aviation and ClimAte) explored the climate impacts of non-CO2 effects which show a strong dependence on atmospheric conditions and synoptic situation. An overview on current scientific understanding, as well as open research questions will be provided.Acknowledgements ACACIA (Advancing the scienCe for Aviation and ClImAte) receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 875036.
Plant facilitation and soil microbiome modulate treeline advancement across the Apennines
Authors: Tesei Giulio , Rita Angelo , Zotti Maurizio , Saulino Luigi , Allegrezza Marina , Saracino Antonio , Rossi Sergio , Allevato Emilia , Idbella Mohamed , Bonanomi Giuliano
Published: March 2024

Elevational treelines are expected to shift upwards in response to warming climate. Nevertheless, the global inconsistency in the upward shifts of treelines implies that factors such as topography, edaphic properties, disturbance, and the presence of competing vegetation may override the positive effect of cold stress alleviation. We report here the results of our research regarding the impact of climate warming and land abandonment on F. sylvatica at the treeline in Apennines. The underlying hypothesis was that in the Apennines, where historical human activities have significantly depressed the current altitudinal treeline position, shrubs act as nurse plants, promoting the upward shift of Fagus sylvatica. To test this hypothesis, nine treeline sites, along 500–km-long latitudinal gradient in Apennines, with different elevations, rock substrates, and physiognomic types including Juniperus communis, Pinus mugo, Vaccinium myrtillus shrublands, and grasslands were selected. In these sites, 68 transects were collected and analysed spatially fine-scale distribution data of F. sylvatica individuals with relation to both their age and their position associated or not to shrub. To evaluate the correlation between the above- and below-ground ecosystem components and to investigate the facilitation mechanisms more thoroughly, the soil microbiota was analysed within the different physiognomic types. The results showed that F. sylvatica regeneration is rare in open secondary grasslands at 1.600-2.100 m a.s.l., highlighting a bottleneck in the regeneration phase of this species. On the contrary, a strong association between shrubs and F. sylvatica individuals was observed. Compared with the adjacent grassland, F. sylvatica regeneration was 58.3 times higher under P. mugo, 131.5 higher under J. communis and 102.4 higher under V. myrtillus. Results concerning soil microbial communities showed a high diversity between open grassland and shrubs and comparable between different shrub species. Age-structure of F. sylvatica population indicates that, in the last 50 years, recruitment under shrubs is continuous, while episodic in grassland. In conclusion our study reveals that above the existing treeline in the Apennines, the development of F. sylvatica individuals is contingent upon the presence of shrubs, which function as nurse species. Shrubs are a necessary condition for F. sylvatica re-colonization of the high-altitude open areas affected, in the last centuries, by intense human land use.
Multilayer network analysis of the global ammonoid record informs Cretaceous chronostratigraphy and renews the mid-Cretaceous saga
Authors: Rojas-Briceno Alexis , Holmgren Anton , Patarroyo Pedro , Salazar Christian
Published: March 2024

The Cretaceous System records a wide range of ecological, evolutionary, and climatic events. Researchers formally divide the Cretaceous succession into Lower and Upper series. However, a mid-Cretaceous interval with variable boundaries is widely used in geological literature, affecting communication with scientists outside the geosciences but also the general public. Here we test for the natural Chronostratigraphic division of the Cretaceous system to evaluate if the current Lower and Upper series alone adequately describe the underlying faunal dynamics. We use a multilayer network1, with layers representing ordered geological stages, to model the fossil record of the Cretaceous cephalopods (i.e., genus-level data from The Paleobiology Database). This network representation captures the complex spatiotemporal relationships between global epicontinental basins and taxa2. Our results indicate that three cephalopod faunas have sequentially dominated Cretaceous oceans following two major global transitions. Despite taxonomic, stratigraphic, and geographic limitations of the data our analysis supports a three-fold division of the Cretaceous succession consisting of Lower Series (Berriasian-Barremian), MiddleSeries (Aptian-Cenomanian), and Upper Series (Turonian-Maastrichtian). This is consistent with the known large-scale organization of the Mesozoic benthic marine faunas1. Our research illustrates how the multilayer network analysis of fossil occurrences can inform chronostratigraphic. This approach allows for standardized identification of major biotic transitions and elucidating the complex relationships among nested units in the hierarchical chronostratigraphic scale.
Enhancing Runoff Generation Mechanisms for Flood Simulation through Integrating Machine Learning and Process-Based Modeling
Authors: Razavi Saman , Li Kailong
Published: March 2024

The applications of machine learning (ML) in hydrology have witnessed significant advancements in recent years. However, such applications have often occurred in relative isolation from the traditional mechanistic, process-based modeling (PBM) paradigms that have historically underpinned scientific discovery and policy support. This presentation contends that the cultural divide between the ML and PBM communities restricts the full potential of ML, even in its hybrid forms with PBM. A hydrologic modeling experiment is presented to illustrate the fundamental differences between these two perspectives and highlight critical yet overlooked challenges that ML may encounter in practice. These challenges stem from the inherent complexity of hydrologic systems, where behaviors can change in physically explainable ways not evident in historical records due to factors such as climate change and human interventions.
 
The presentation explores a 'coevolutionary' model-building approach, advocating a shift from a borrowing culture to a co-creation culture. This shift aims to develop models that harness ML's strengths, such as scalability to big data and high-dimensional mapping, while remaining grounded in process-based knowledge and adhering to principles of model explainability, interpretability, and falsifiability. A novel modeling paradigm is proposed, one that is both ML-powered and process-equipped, facilitating knowledge discovery from vast, complex, and high-dimensional geospatial data. This paradigm enables the direct derivation and synthesis of new differential equations across various hydro-climatic and socio-economic settings, spanning scales from small headwater catchments to large multi-jurisdictional watersheds. The proposed modeling paradigm is evaluated through the simulation of rainfall-runoff mechanisms, with a specific focus on peak times, in diverse catchments across the Contiguous United States.
Decoding decision discrepancy: Unravelling noise in seismic authorizations
Authors: Busetti Simone , Righettini Maria Stella
Published: March 2024

Public officials implementing policy statutes are crucial in translating rules into actual services. Professionals tasked with seismic authorisations implement complex regulations and must apply scientific knowledge to specific cases. They interpret rules, analyse cases and provide case-specific evaluations to authorise a building project or not. This article examines noise—how public officials in the same administration produce inconsistent decisions when attending the same administrative procedure. In public services, variability across different cases may be beneficial and increase effectiveness by adjusting general rules to the specifics of the cases elaborated by the administration. Instead, noise measures how decisions on the same case (e.g., same felony, application for housing or environmental evaluation) differ when made by different public officials. Noise is unwanted and unjustified; it impairs treatment equity, introduces errors and makes organisations unpredictable; decisions depend on the public official assigned to the case, not on uniform rules or the idiosyncrasies of the case. This article examines noise—how public officials in the same administration produce inconsistent decisions when attending the same administrative procedure. We conducted an experimental test with public officials managing seismic authorisations and analysed a database containing all seismic audits in one Italian region (N=17,463). The findings reveal substantial inconsistencies in seismic classification, the decision to grant building permits, the administrative burden imposed on citizens, and required changes to building projects. Such inconsistency significantly threatens administrative quality, effectiveness, and legitimacy.
An attempt to evaluate denudation size of homoclinal flysch ridge basing on reconstruction of long-lasting relief development (hypothesis, facts, interpretations). Case study of Mt. Babia Góra (1725), Western Carpathians
Authors: Lajczak Adam
Published: March 2024

The homoclinal ridge of Mt. Babia Góra (1725 m a.s.l.) is the highest flysch ridge in the Western Carpathians. Denivelations within the ridge exceed 1000 m. It is built of resistant Magura sandstone overlying less resistant sandstones and shales. The layers of Magura sandstone dip to the south. The ridge is formed as a huge cuesta with north precipitous escarpment slope and south gentle penestructural slope. The researched relief and geological structure of the ridge and its surrounding make it possible to reconstruct long-lasting relief development since the Upper Miocene.The Author took account of predominated in the 20th century view concerning intensive denudation in the Flysch Carpathians since the Upper Miocene and also the view of periodic relief development, which was connected with climate changes and changes in the intensity of tectonic uplift movements (alternate uplifting and stabilisation of the area studied). In relations to these views, the Author considered also recently endorsing view assuming permanent trend in uplifting movements (with decreasing intensity) in the Polish Flysch Carpathians, and also indicating that terrain depressions are not result of denudation but local submering movements. This analysis took also account of differentiation of modern uplifting movements.In the relief of the ridge studied and its surrounding traces of four geomorphological levels (not planation surfaces!) of different age are visible. The may be interpreted as traces of periodical uplifting which started in the Upper Miocene, valley deepening, slope retreat and development of pediments in the Upper Neogene and Quaternary. Taking into account modern limit of Magura sandstone spreads (which to cover the whole area in the Upper Miocene) and distribution of traces of former geomorphological levels, it is possible to evaluate the presumed thickness of these sandstone layers and underlying older flysch sediments which became denudated due to landslide movements on slopes and alluvium dischargein river channels.A large-scale occurrence of landslide movements sine the Upper Miocene on slopes of Mt. Babia Góra are indicated by mélange structures visible in stream channels and also large slumped rock packages creating isolated hills at the ridge foot. Denudation of Mt. Babia Góra ridge has been more intensive on the escarpment slope where concentric pattern of river system has caused larger drainage outside, whereas on the southern slope divergent pattern of river system dominates. Another reason of smaller denudation on the southern slope of the ridge is its relief – penestructural slope is more resistant to denudation than the escarpment slope.Estimating evaluation of the denudation size of Mt. Babia Góra ridge was related to the views mentioned above indicating on hypotheses, facts and interpretations.
Past streamflow variability of the Shullcas River in the Peruvian Andes inferred from tree-rings records
Authors: Ticse Otarola Ginette , Requena-Rojas Jimmy E. , Muñoz Ariel A. , Schneider-Valenzuela Isadora , Christie Duncan A. , Rodríguez-Morata Clara , Andreu-Hayles Laia
Published: March 2024

Improving the understanding and predicting the hydrological behaviour of headwaters in the context of climate change has enormous socioeconomic impacts. The central region of Peru constitutes a major food supplier to nearby cities and to Lima, Peru’s capital. Moreover, this region faces seasonal water shortages which may increase drought impacts putting water availability at risk. The use of tree-ring records for characterizing long-term climatic variability has improved estimates of extreme hydroclimatic events contributing to a better management of water resources in several regions of the world. In this study, we investigate past changes in the streamflow variability of Shullcas river by means of two Polylepis rodolfo-vasquezii tree-ring chronologies located at an elevation of 3900 m a.s.l. in the Central Andean range (1.65°S, 74.96°W). We generated a streamflow reconstruction for the Shullcas river that spans for the period 1856-2013 and is the first streamflow reconstruction for the dry season (July to October) in the Peruvian central Andes. The reconstruction calibration model used a regional tree-ring width record composed by the two P. rodolfo-vasquezii chronologies and 27 streamflow observations between 1986 and 2013 for the dry season. The tree-ring based streamflow reconstruction reveals a negative trend in streamflow since the 1990s unprecedent in the previous century. This study enables us to understand past streamflow variability to give a context to current trends and improve the management of the water resources in the Shullcas basin. It also underscores the importance of developing new tree-ring records across the central Andes to enhance the study of past climatic and hydrological processes.
Creation of data cube for the analysis of wildfires in Cyprus using open access data 
Authors: Prodromou Maria , Girtsou Stella , Leventis George , Koumoulidis Dimitris , Tzouvaras Marios , Mettas Christodoulos , Apostolakis Alexis , Kaskara Mariza , Kontoes Haris , Hadjimitsis Diofantos
Published: March 2024

This study presents the actions that are currently been conducted through a demonstration project in the framework of the EXCELSIOR funded project, entitled “Capitalizing on the ERATOSTHENES Data Cube to support the development of the Fire Risk Prediction Model” between the ERATOSTHENES Centre of Excellence and the National Observatory of Athens. Wildfires detection is a major issue for authorities. There are various causes of fire events with the most common being human influence. A fire risk prediction model through the analysis of geo-environmental and climate data is important for early warning and fire management. An effective wildfire risk prediction and management depend on the up-to-date, spatial explicit representation of the environment, mainly focusing on the biomass and characteristics of live and dead vegetation, which is the primary factor influencing fire behaviour and risk. In this work, a dataset from multiple modalities, including road density, travellers, forest-agriculture interface, burned areas from historical fire events, metrological data, land cover, vegetation indices from data cube, is generated. These factors are selected based on their potential correlation with the unique characteristics of the area investigated, the historical fire events, and the availability of relevant data. Artificial intelligence and machine learning models can use this multimodal dataset to improve forest fire management. Specifically, the combination of data cubes, machine learning, and geospatial ontology-based data access (OBDA) technologies, allows for effective harmonization of diverse data sources, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of fire risk computations.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe authors acknowledge the 'EXCELSIOR': ERATOSTHENES: Excellence Research Centre for Earth Surveillance and Space-Based Monitoring of the Environment H2020 Widespread Teaming project (www.excelsior2020.eu). The 'EXCELSIOR' project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 857510, from the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Directorate General for the European Programmes, Coordination and Development and the Cyprus University of Technology.
Response of storm surge spatiotemporal feature to climate patterns change on the coast of China in past hundred years. 
Authors: Zhang Yue
Published: March 2024

To investigates multidecadal and long-term variations of storm surge spatiotemporal feature, we use reconstructed daily maximum storm surge levels on the coastal area of China in the past hundred years. By considering both surge height and each storm surge duration, we proposed a comprehensive impact of storm surge, called” Accumulated Storm Surge Potential Impact (ASPI)”. The results show that even the frequency and duration of storm surges have not changed significantly under global warming, the comprehensive impact has increased rapidly and normal storm surge have become stronger since mid-1990s. The spatial distribution of storm surge impact has “-++” zonal tripole pattern or”-+” zonal dipole pattern in different time scale. In addition, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)events have a certain effect on the frequency, duration, and intensity of storm surge activity, which identified as one of the key climate patterns influencing storm surges. The impact of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the frequency, duration, and intensity of storm surge activity at different phases are also different, with clear regional distribution features for each phase. This study highlights the potential influence of eastern China storm surge loadings on the western North Pacific (WNP) climate patterns, thus improving our understanding of storm surge climate variability over the WNP.
Future food systems compatible with agricultural boundaries for biodiversity
Authors: Prudhomme Remi , Dumas Patrice , Aubert Pierre-Marie , Garci-Vega Diego
Published: March 2024

Agriculture is the main driver of the rapid collapse of biodiversity, upon which all life on Earth, including agricultural production, depends. While the potential to expand and improve natural habitats for biodiversity conservation has been widely explored in large-scale scenarios of agricultural systems, the critical role of agricultural landscapes’ management on halting the loss of biodiversity remains unexplored at this scale. The aim of this study is precisely to fill this literature gap by proposing an exploratory scenario that evaluates a global agri-food system compatible with biodiversity conservation within and across farmlands, and minimize agriculture’s far-reaching impacts on biodiversity. First, based on a literature review, we identified the main biodiversity pressures stemming from agriculture: land-use change, contribution to climate change, water withdrawal, pesticide pollution, nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) pollution, and landscape and farm-scale simplification (of croplands and pastures). Second, for each one, we proposed a critical boundary which negative impacts on biodiversity are minimized or positive effects arise. Third we developed a global biophysical mass-balance model to assess some characteristics of food systems compatible with these critical boundaries, especially food production reallocation, links between the animal and the plant sector and diets.
Numerical Investigation of Shear-Thinning Fluid Flow in Geological Fractures with Variable Aperture Using Finite-Volume and Finite Element Methods
Authors: Di Federico Vittorio , Lenci Alessandro , Facca Enrico , Putti Mario
Published: March 2024

The flow behavior of engineered fluids within geological fractures, characterized by variable aperture, often displays shear-thinning tendencies that contribute to flow localization in channels. To simplify the 3-D problem, lubrication theory is commonly employed, transforming it into a more manageable 2-D formulation and offering a computationally viable approximation. The resulting generalized Reynolds equation for shear-thinning fluids becomes highly nonlinear, owing to the fluid rheology and the heterogeneity in the aperture field. Addressing the resulting p-Laplacian governing equation poses significant numerical challenges. Balancing computational efficiency and solution accuracy is crucial, particularly when investigating this phenomenon within a stochastic framework involving multiple realizations.
In this study, we employ two purpose-built numerical methods for solving the p-Laplace equation: a Finite-Volume Newton-based (FVN) method and a finite element DMK-optimization-based approach. A comparative analysis is conducted, evaluating the methods in terms of convergence, accuracy, and robustness. Subsequently, these approaches are utilized to explore the impact of adopting different rheological models (e.g., power-law versus Ellis) on the Quantities of Interest (QoI) in the problem. The investigation specifically focuses on the model's performance in challenging scenarios, such as those involving very shear-thinning fluids with near-zero rheological indices.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of sustainable cemented-paste backfill materials with the substitution of alkali-activated rice husk ash
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhang Qinli , Feng Yan , Wang Daolin
Published: March 2024

Rice husk ash (RHA) is currently utilized as a supplementary cementitious material in cement products due to its pozzolanic properties. This work aims to investigate the pozzolanic effect (PE) and the filler effect (FE) of RHA on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cemented paste backfill (CPB). RHA and inert quartz sand were ground to similar particle sizes and used to prepare CPB, partially replacing the Portland cement traditionally used in these mixtures. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the mechanical properties and microstructure of the CPB, respectively. The effects of the RHA content, cement-to-tailings ratio (C/T), and mass concentration (MC) on the UCS of the CPB samples were investigated. The results show that RHA can enhance the strength of the CPB even at concentrations of less than 20 wt.%. It was also found that the MC has a greater effect on the strength of CPB produced with RHA compared to the C/T. The CPB sample with the highest pozzolanic activity index (PAI) of 101.63% had a C/T of 1:4 and an MC of 74%. The proportion of the UCS of the CPB that could be attributed to the PE was 67.30–87.92% higher than could be attributed to the FE in samples with RHA contents ranging from 10–20%. The FE of RHA exerted a stronger influence at lower curing times due to the early hydration of blended materials, while the influence of the PE of RHA was limited at curing times of 3 d. In contrast, the PE played a more crucial role at curing times of more than 3 d. SEM analysis showed that CPB produced with 10–20% RHA exhibits a dense and homogeneous microstructure. Thus, the influence of the PE of RHA on the mechanical properties and microstructure of CPB was far more significant than the FE of RHA at a curing time of 28 d. These results provide new insights into the potential use of RHA as a cementitious material for use in backfilling during mining operations.
AI and the future of Mars Exploration: Opportunity and Challenges
Authors: Plazovnik Lukas , Köhler Carmen
Published: March 2024

This research explores the innovative application of Generative AI (GenAI) in the context of Mars missions, drawing key insights from Mars analogue missions. Given the unique challenges of Mars exploration, including extreme environmental conditions, resource constraints, and the need for autonomous decision-making, GenAI emerges as a pivotal technology. We begin by introducing GenAI's capabilities, followed by an analysis of Mars analogue missions to understand the parallels and challenges relevant to actual Martian expeditions. We then delve into a variety of potential GenAI applications, ranging from data analysis, habitat design, and crew health monitoring, to psychological support and communication enhancements. Key case studies from analogue missions are presented to illustrate how GenAI could effectively address specific challenges faced during these simulations. Technical and ethical considerations are discussed to provide a comprehensive view of the implementation requirements and potential concerns. The paper also highlights how feedback from analogue missions can be instrumental in refining GenAI for future Mars missions. The concluding section of the paper speculates on the future trajectory of GenAI in space exploration and its role in advancing Mars colonization efforts. This research aims to bridge the gap between theoretical AI potential and practical application in space exploration, offering insightful recommendations for integrating GenAI into future Mars missions.
Impact of boundary conditions on the modeled thermal regime of the Antarctic ice sheet
Authors: Park In-Woo , Jin Emilia Kyung , Morlighem Mathieu , Lee Kang-Kun
Published: March 2024

Abstract. A realistic initialization of ice flow models is critical for predicting future changes in ice sheet mass balance and their associated contribution to sea level rise. The initial thermal state of an ice sheet is particularly important, as it controls ice viscosity and basal conditions, thereby influencing the overall ice velocity. Englacial and subglacial conditions, however, remain poorly understood due to insufficient direct measurements, which complicate the initialization and validation of thermal models. Here, we investigate the impact of using different geothermal heat flux (GHF) datasets and vertical velocity profiles on the thermal state of the Antarctic ice sheet and compare our modeled temperatures to in situ measurements from 15 boreholes. We find that the temperature profile is more sensitive to vertical velocity than to GHF. The basal temperature of grounded ice and the amount of basal melting are influenced by both selection of GHF and vertical velocity. More importantly, we find that the standard approach, which consists of combining basal sliding speed and incompressibility to derive vertical velocities, provides reasonably good results in fast-flow regions (ice velocity >50 m yr−1) but performs poorly in slow-flow regions (ice velocity <50 m yr−1). Furthermore, the modeled temperature profiles in ice streams, where bed geometry is generated using a mass conservation approach, show better agreement with observed borehole temperatures compared to kriging-based bed geometry.
The role of Banf1 in mechanisms of cellular ageing and cancer prognosis
Authors:   , Plowman Jennifer
Published: March 2024

This project provided evidence of novel roles for the premature ageing syndrome-associated protein Banf1 in epigenetic regulation and mitochondrial function. Bioinformatic analysis identified Banf1 as a potential marker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) prognosis, with cellular and molecular biology experimental techniques used to further characterise the cellular ageing mechanisms, cancer pathways and chemotherapeutic responses influenced by Banf1.
Bridging the digital gender divide through digital financial inclusion: A case of low-income Bangladeshi Muslim women in South East Queensland
Authors:   , Naima Umma
Published: March 2024

This thesis explores the digital financial inclusion/exclusion of Bengali Muslim women living in Southeast Queensland, Australia. The study focuses on participants’ experiences of the digital financial divide, reinforced by their gendered, cultural, and socio-demographic positions. These experiences range from socio-economic constraints, cultural norms, religious norms and access barriers. The findings indicate that digital financial inclusion of Bengali Muslim women living in Southeast Queensland largely depends on their individual preferences and choices about their financial matters and daily work routines. The thesis makes suggestions for bridging the digital gender divide and promoting digital financial inclusion among the participant group.
Vivir la filosofía: Sobre las derivaciones experimentales de la crítica nietzscheana a la educación y la cultura europea del siglo XIX
Authors: Barelli Maria Cecilia
Published: March 2024

En el presente trabajo, abordamos la obra de Friedrich Nietzsche con el objeto de analizar el modo en que su temprana crítica a las instituciones educativas alemanas y, específicamente, a la filosofía universitaria de su tiempo deriva de manera progresiva en los esbozos de una concepción tardía de la filosofía, fundada en la vida misma como medio de conocimiento a través del “experimento”. El diagnóstico nietzscheano es crítico y su resolución, un gran desafío para los futuros pensadores, a quienes les demanda vivir experimentalmente sus palabras más allá de los libros. La cultura del ensayo emerge como horizonte final para esta praxis filosófico-experimental.
Comparative Study of Micronutrient Deficiency in Prepubertal & Post-pubertal Patients of Premature Canities
Authors: Mishra Prashant Kumar , Gupta Anil Kumar , . Rajkumar
Published: March 2024

Background: Premature canities is a very common problem. Patients with premature canities seek medical care for cosmetic concern but sometimes it may be associated with some underlying disease or deficiency state.
Aim: Comparison of prevalence of certain micronutrient deficiency in prepubertal and post-pubertal patients of premature canities.
Material and Method: An observational study was done on 40 self-reported cases of premature canities. Each patient was assessed for serum level of haemoglobin, ferritin, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12. Patients were divided into two groups, prepubertal patients were included in group-A and post-pubertal patients were included in group-B.
Result: Haemoglobin deficiency was present in 75% patients of group-A and 25% patients of group-B. Ferritin deficiency was present in 62.5% patients of group-A and 37.5% patients of group-B. Vitamin D3 deficiency was present in 95.84% patients of group-A and 75% patients of group-B. Vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 83.34% patients of group-A and 43.75% patients of group-B. There was statistically significant difference between deficiency of haemoglobin and vitamin B12 in group-A and group-B, p value being 0.0018 and 0.0883 respectively.
Conclusion: Prepubertal cases of premature canities are more prone to have underlying micronutrient deficiency.

Key words: premature canities, micronutrient deficiency, prepubertal, post-pubertal
Effect of Chronic Low Back Pain on PEFR and Chest Expansion
Authors: Shah Sweety , Shah Namya Anandkumar
Published: March 2024

Background: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is when symptoms last more than 12 weeks. In cLBP, there is weakness of core muscle which in turn reduces the respiratory effort. The strength of the abdominal muscle is found to assist in prolonging as well as forceful expiration. Diaphragm also plays a role in spinal stability.
Aims: To evaluate the PEFR and chest expansion in patients with cLBP.
Settings and Design: An observational study was conducted in individuals of 18-65 years of both genders having backpain for more than 3 months of Ahmedabad. Patients with history of pulmonary diseases, any history of trauma or lumbar spine pathology such as infection or tumour were excluded.
Methods and Materials: Test procedure of PEFR and Chest expansion were explained and were taken by peak flow meter and non-stretchable inch tape respectively.
Results: Paired t-test was done to compare the predicted values of PEFR and Chest expansion values to actual PEFR and Chest expansion of cLBP patients.
Results: Mean age, BMI, PEFR, CE at 2nd,4th ICS and xiphoid of males are (44.61±13.24),(22.26±1.31),(380.55±52.86),(1.78±0.48),(2.29±0.38) and(2.59±0.26) & females are (45.09±12.73),(22.67±1.66),(277.812±40.38),(1.58±0.42),(1.77±0.36) and (2.00±0.32). Predicted values of PEFR and CE for males are (463.222±35.95),(2.69±0.38),(2.7±0.41),(3.03±0.36) and for females are (306.13±26.32),(2.02±0.28),(2.03±0.21),(2.22±0.15). Values of PEFR and chest expansion have shown statistical difference (p<.05) from predicted values in both males and females.
Conclusions: There is reduction of PEFR and chest expansion values in the patients with cLBP. It may be due to the abdominals weakness and greater diaphragm fatigability in cLBP.

Key words: PEFR, chest expansion, chronic low back pain, diaphragm fatigability
Effect of Two Weeks Cervical Stabilization Exercises on Forward Head Posture, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate and Chest Expansion in Smartphone Users
Authors: Shah Sweety , Momin Tahemeena
Published: March 2024

Aim: To know if there is any effect of cervical stabilization exercises on FHP, PEFR and chest expansion in smartphone users.
Background: The number of smartphone users are increasing worldwide. Prolonged use can lead to a number of health problems, including forward head posture [FHP]. FHP can also have a negative impact on respiratory function. Because of this FHP can compress the chest cavity and restrict lung expansion. As a result, people with FHP may have difficulty breathing deeply and may experience decreased peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR].
Setting & Design: An experimental study was conducted on smartphone users (>1 year) of Ahmedabad. Includes individuals of Forward head [Tragus to wall distance (TWD):>10 cm], mean age: 22.46±2.66, both genders.
Methodology: In this study 30 subjects were divided into 2 groups. An experimental group did cervical stabilization exercises, Thoracic expansion exercise and pectorals stretching. Control group did cervical isometric exercises. Both groups Performed exercises twice a day for two weeks. Pre and post outcome measures was taken: TWD, PEFR, Chest expansion.
Result: The result analyzed by paired T-test. The intervention group showed significant improvements in TWD (11.01±0.34 to 10.05±0.35cm; p<0.05), PEFR (346.66±30.39 to 370.33±24.67lpm; p<0.05) and Chest expansion (4.09±0.29 to 4.72±0.28cm; p<0.05) within the group after the intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in any outcome measures.
Conclusion: Cervical stabilization exercises are effective in improving FHP, PEFR, and chest expansion in smartphone users. These exercises can help to reduce the risk of health problems associated with FHP.

Key words: Cervical stabilization exercises, smartphone users, FHP, PEFR, chest expansion.
Use of Self-management Module via Video-Based Education for Stroke Survivors and Their Caregivers: A Narrative Review of Literature
Authors: G. Kachhadiya Roshni , H. Ramanandi Vivek , Khatun A. Pathan Rumana
Published: March 2024

Background: Stroke survivors and their caregivers often report unmet educational needs in all aspects of stroke care. Patient as well as caregiver education is crucial to reduce risks to their own physical and mental health and to prevent complications and promote patients’ recovery. Educational videos have been shown to be an effective tool in improving self-management strategies. The present study aims to review the literature regarding use of video-based education for self-management strategies among the stroke survivors and their caregivers.
Methodology: Different articles published in English language between 2011 and 2022 were searched from various online databases. Out of total 45 search results, 19 full texts articles were screened & 8 were selected for review based on selection criteria. In this review randomized controlled trial, pre-test/post-test study, pilot study, non-randomized trials were included.
Result: The review of these studies suggested that all studies reported significant effect of video based self-management modules for patients and caregivers.
Conclusion: Based on this review, it can be concluded that video based self-management module for education of patients and caregivers is a safe intervention. It affects patients’ independence and quality of life in positive way and helps in decreasing caregivers’ stress and burden. Video based self-management modules shall be implemented on regular basis for improved patient care.

Key words: Caregivers, education, self-management, stroke, video.
Cadmium (Cd) High Levels of Concentration Deplete Biochemical Metabolism in (Portunus sanguinolentus (L)) and it Contaminate Human Food Chain at Visakhapatnam Coast, India
Authors: Sreeramulu Dasari , Ratnakumari Perumalla
Published: March 2024

Marine aquatic life is one of the primary food sources for human beings and a drinking water source for the Gulf, Mediterranean, and other world countries. In this view, the author has undertaken studies on the distribution of seasonal dissolved heavy metal (Cd) in the coastal waters of Visakhapatnam over one year (February 2003 to January 2004) and to assess the hydrological and biological factors of carbohydrates and lipids in marine Crab (Portunus sanguinolentus (L)) affecting their concentration levels. The result has been followed respectively in this research study. The Cadmium (Cd) and lipid levels were noticed in the 11 selected experimental sites (PLW5 to PLW1 – MPS – PRW1 to PRW5 in the present study for all the samples collection. The author has noticed carbohydrates and lipid levels in the same survey.
On the other hand, high depletion was found in postmonsoon at MPS at 5.208 mg/g and 30.128 mg/g at MPS over the all-experimental sites. The present study evaluated Cadmium (Cd), carbohydrates, and lipids in marine water and The Visakhapatnam coast in different seasons like pre-monsoon, monsoon, and postmonsoon. The Cadmium founded to be high at 0.0460 µg/ml and 0.1383 µg/g, respectively, in water and crab tissue at MPS in all three seasons among all sites, and another hand, the author was noticed carbohydrates and found lipids' high reduction percentage (RPC) in postmonsoon at MPS 50.21% and 16.42% at PRW3 in monsoon compare with overall sites in three seasons, due to toxic Cd could be accumulated in marine Crab through the food chain as well osmosis process of water and body flues of Crab. This bioaccumulation process could be a path for a human being through the food chain. Cadmium accumulates its lead toxic effect with systemic effect on human body organs especially cause kidney damage (renal tubular damage). Human and animal studies indicate skeletal damage (osteoporosis).

Key words: Cadmium, Crab, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Water
Food Quality and Customer Loyalty of Eateries in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: J. E. Idongesit , J. U. Aniediabasi , E. U. Udoyiu , U. C. Martin
Published: March 2024

This study was necessitated by the quest to unravel the effect of food quality on customer loyalty at eateries in Uyo metropolis. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of food quality on customer loyalty at eateries in Uyo metropolis. The researcher adopted survey design as the main research design. The study was conducted in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Structured questionnaire was use as the main instrument of data collection. 296 customers were respondents for the study. The data from the field was analyzed using simple linear regression. The result revealed a significant relationship between food quality dimensions and customer loyalty. The researcher concluded that the variables of food quality do enhance customer loyalty to a very large extent and recommended that Mechanism should be put in place by management to provide instant fresh meal for customers rather than storing them for days and that food should be presented in an enticing and hygienic manner.
Change of Epistemic Stance of Transnational Pre-Service Teachers in-and-through Collaborative Data-Led Reflective Dialogues
Authors: Uyar Gülşah , Can Daşkın Nilüfer
Published: March 2024

This study explored collaborative data-led reflective dialogues of transnational PSTs by using Multimodal Conversation Analysis. The study draws on the screen recordings of a Virtual Exchange (VE) project (n=72), which involves collaborative online task design, implementation of tasks by L2 students, and reflection on students’ performance and their experience of the VE project. The close examination of the data showed that through collaborative reflective dialogues, PSTs (i) raised awareness of their practice and generated knowledge; (ii) made a connection between theory and practice; (iii) became more aware of their epistemic stance; (iv) identified and described a problem and found solutions to these problems (Farrell, 2015). Therefore, micro-moments of learning and understanding were created in-an- through reflection and it was revealed explicitly through reference to lack of knowledge in the past. This study has implications for teacher education programs, which should encourage reflective dialogues of transnational PSTs to create opportunities for teacher learning.
ПРЕДИКАТТАР ЖӨНҮНДӨ ЖАЛПЫ МААЛЫМАТ
Authors: Турганбаев Нурмамат
Published: March 2024

Сүйлөмдүн маани-мазмунун ар тараптан аныктап тактап турган, тактап айтканда, ойдун жыйынтоочу ядросу болгон предикаттар туурлауу сөз болот. Макала эскертүү семантикасы менен предикаттардын классификациясын изилдөөгө арналган. Предикаттар коммуникативдик, аткаруучулук жана метакоммуникациялык болуп каралат, алар белгилүү бир функционалдык жана структуралык касиеттери менен айырмаланган атайын топторго бөлүү сунушталат. Өзгөчө көңүл эскертүү кырдаалынын компоненттерин аныктоого бурулат. Предикаттардын сүрөттөлүшү изилдөөдө иштелип чыккан материалдардын негизиндеги классификацияга негизделет. Изилдөө көрсөткөндөй, сунуш кылынган талдоо ыкмасы предикаттарды мүнөздөөгө жана сүйлөм мүчөлөрүнүн синтаксисттик милдеттерди аткаруу жөндөмүн аныктоого мүмкүндүк берет.
User experiences of reporting dating app facilitated sexual violence to dating platforms
Authors: Lawler Siobhan , Boxall Hayley
Published: March 2024

A significant proportion of users subjected to dating app facilitated sexual violence (DAFSV) make a report to the platform. However, the experiences of victim-survivors reporting to dating platforms has been underexamined in research. Based on the analysis of a survey completed by 1,555 dating platform users in Australia who had reported DAFSV to the platform, this study found overall positive experiences reporting to platforms. However, victim-survivors’ experiences differed depending on their gender and sexual identity; LGB+ women reported the lowest levels of satisfaction with platforms’ responses, and heterosexual men the highest. Further, respondents who were satisfied with how platforms responded to their reports of DAFSV were more likely to say that they would report again in the future. Respondents who said that the dating platform had provided them with information about other services were also more likely to report the incident to the police.