bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Branch architecture in Ginkgo biloba: Wood anatomy and long shoot–short shoot interactions
Authors: Little Stefan A. , Jacobs Brooke , McKechnie Steven J. , Cooper Ranessa L. , Christianson Michael L. , Jernstedt Judith A.
Published: September 2013

• Premise: Ginkgo, centrally placed in seed plant phylogeny, is considered important in many phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. Shoot dimorphism of Ginkgo has been long noted, but no work has yet been done to evaluate the relationships between overall branch architecture and wood ring characters, shoot growth, and environmental conditions.

• Methods: Branches, sampled from similar canopy heights, were mapped with the age of each long shoot segment determined by counting annual leaf‐scar series on its short shoots. Transverse sections were made for each long shoot segment and an adjacent short shoot; wood ring thickness, number of rings, and number of tracheids/ring were determined. Using branch maps, we identified wood rings for each long shoot segment to year and developmental context of each year (distal short shoot growth only vs. at least one distal long shoot). Climate data were also analyzed in conjunction with developmental context.

• Key results: Significantly thicker wood rings occur in years with distal long shoot development. The likelihood that a branch produced long shoots in a given year was lower with higher maximum annual temperature. Annual maximum temperature was negatively correlated with ring thickness in microsporangiate trees only. Annual minimum temperatures were correlated differently with ring thickness of megasporangiate and microsporangiate trees, depending on the developmental context. There were no significant effects associated with precipitation.

• Conclusions: Overall, developmental context alone predicts wood ring thickness about as well as models that include temperature. This suggests that although climatic factors may be strongly correlated with wood ring data among many gymnosperm taxa, at least for Ginkgo, correlations with climate data are primarily due to changes in proportions of shoot developmental types (LS vs. SS) across branches.
Deformation-induced grain growth and twinning in nanocrystalline palladium thin films
Authors: Kobler Aaron , Lohmiller Jochen , Schäfer Jonathan , Kerber Michael , Castrup Anna , Kashiwar Ankush , Gruber Patric A , Albe Karsten , Hahn Horst , Kübel Christian
Published: September 2013

The microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Pd films prepared by magnetron sputtering have been investigated as a function of strain. The films were deposited onto polyimide substrates and tested in tensile mode. In order to follow the deformation processes in the material, several samples were strained to defined straining states, up to a maximum engineering strain of 10%, and prepared for post-mortem analysis. The nanocrystalline structure was investigated by quantitative automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM) in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), identifying grain growth and twinning/detwinning resulting from dislocation activity as two of the mechanisms contributing to the macroscopic deformation. Depending on the initial twin density, the samples behaved differently. For low initial twin densities, an increasing twin density was found during straining. On the other hand, starting from a higher twin density, the twins were depleted with increasing strain. The findings from ACOM-TEM were confirmed by results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and from conventional and in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (CXRD, SXRD) experiments.
Gold-catalyzed regioselective oxidation of propargylic carboxylates: a reliable access to α-carboxy-α,β-unsaturated ketones/aldehydes
Authors: Ji Kegong , Nelson Jonathan , Zhang Liming
Published: September 2013

Gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxidation of carboxylates of primary or secondary propargylic alcohols are realized with excellent regioselectivity, which is ascribed to inductive polarization of the C–C triple bond by the electron-withdrawing carboxy group. The gold carbene intermediates thus generated undergo selective 1,2-acyloxy migration over a 1,2-C–H insertion, and the selectivities could be dramatically improved by the use of a P,S-bidentate ligand, which is proposed to enable the formation of tris-coordinated and hence less electrophilic gold carbene species. α-Carboxy α,β-unsaturated ketones/aldehydes can be obtained with fair to excellent yields.
THE IMPACT OF EU STRUCTURAL FUND SUPPORT AND PROBLEMS OF ITS ABSORPTION
Authors: Jurevičienė Daiva , Pileckaitė Jūratė
Published: September 2013

Targeted allocation of EU support in Lithuania can help resolving a number of problems and achieving significant results in a variety of areas. However, rush to absorb support may lead to a little, zero or even negative impact on national economy. In addition, EU support opportunities may distort investment motivation. This paper deals with issues related to the impact of EU support and problems of its absorption. The impact of EU support on the national economy has been established in three areas: attraction of foreign direct investment state investments into capital formation, and experience of companies, which are EU support beneficiaries. The paper proposes using regression analysis in search and evaluation of relations while obtaining more information about programmes, priorities and the impact of structural support on different indicators. In addition, it focuses on ascertaining the effectiveness of governmental and company spending. Furthermore, as companies – EU support beneficiaries – are engaged in different economic activities, their experience cannot be ascertained from statistical data; consequently, findings of an expert survey are presented to demonstrate the experience acquired by business companies as well as problems they face. Limitation of research was a short period of time to evaluate (only four years of the current funding period)
DEFINITION OF LIQUIDATION PROPERTY VALUE
Authors: Gnenny Oleg , Dailydka Stasys , Lingaitis Vytautas
Published: September 2013

The article examines the interrelation of market and liquidation value of the appraisal subject. It was established that the approach of “break-even” sale of a subject at liquidation value, which is predominating in the literature sources, shows the results essentially different from the ratio of the prices of free and accelerated sales that can be observed on the market. The article offers an alternative approach to definition of market value coefficient, which considers switching to liquidation value. This approach is based on functional dependence of the coefficient on the ratio of limited and unlimited period of exposition.
THREAT OF EMIGRATION FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Rakauskienė Ona Gražina , Ranceva Olga
Published: September 2013

The phenomenon of international migration is among the most prominent global demographic processes currently taking place and influencing both the economic and social situation worldwide. An intensive emigration is a matter of serious concern for such a small country as Lithuania. Firstly, emigration further exacerbates the current negative demographic indicators (low birth rate, high mortality rate, stagnant average lifespan), which, on the whole, leads to a decrease in the absolute number of the population. Secondly, emigration of persons of working age, leaving behind the population that lacks the capacity for work, reduces the state budget and social security budget revenues. Thirdly, departure of well-educated and competent citizens from the country results in the shrinking of the country’s intellectual potential and diminishing of possibilities of mastering and development of high technologies, innovations and modernisation of the economy. The authors of the article point out the threat posed by emigration to Lithuania’s socioeconomic development and present a comprehensive analysis of the demographic structure of the population: by sex and age, the population ageing tendency, the causes and consequences of emigration. The goal of the article is to raise the issue of emigration from Lithuania and to manifest its impact on the socio-economic development of the country. The object of the article is the extent, dynamics, structure, causes and economic effects of emigration and the problems arising for the economy in the context of emigration.
CONCEPTS OF SCENARIO METHODS IN IMPROVEMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE
Authors: Bielińska-Dusza Edyta
Published: September 2013

Purpose of the study, principal objectives, scope of the investigation, methods employed results and principal conclusion.

Uncertainty makes both theoreticians and practicioners face new tasks to fulfil. Enterprises, in order to win the competitive struggle must constantly improve their processes and structures. On the other hand, thinking in the categories of the future becomes really difficult nowadays. This creates particularly convenient conditions to apply scenario methods. In connection with the above, the purpose of this study is to characterize the essence of scenario methods employed in enterprise development. The article addresses the issue of factors conditioning proper selection of methods in the enterprise development process, the principles of scenario planning and the opportunities to apply other techniques and methods in scenario planning.
MODEL OF METHOD SELECTION FOR MANAGERIAL PROBLEM SOLVING IN AN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Szarucki Marek
Published: September 2013

Managers at all levels must make various decisions while solving problems of their organizations. It is very important to select an appropriate method to solve a particular managerial problem. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model of method selection of managerial problem solving in an organization. In the beginning the theoretical background regarding managerial problems’ classification and methodological aspects of method selection for their solution are discussed. Further, the paper concentrates on the criteria of method evaluation and building a model helping at selecting the best method to solve the corresponding problem. It also makes an attempt to evaluate the perceived efficiency of the model as well as to provide potential dilemmas to its construction. Finally, some suggestions for future research are provided.
Être placé sous surveillance électronique
Authors: Devresse Marie-Sophie
Published: September 2013

L’appréhension du justiciable en tant qu’individu rationnel a depuis toujours déterminé les modalités de sa prise en charge par l’institution judiciaire. À première vue, les nouvelles modalités de sanctions, telle la surveillance électronique, en raison de leur complexité, apparaissent propres à redéfinir la manière dont il est fait appel au condamné et à sa raison. Maintenu dans le milieu ouvert, ayant accès à l’espace public, le condamné sous surveillance électronique expérimente activement une manière singulière d’exécuter sa peine et est investi d’une multiplicité d’exigences comportementales et relationnelles. L’article envisage dès lors, de déterminer plus précisément comment la technologie et l’environnement de contraintes dans lequel le condamné en surveillance électronique se situe, sont propres à le désigner et le construire sur un mode particulier, en même temps qu’ils caractérisent la sanction elle-même et sa nature. À cette occasion, la dimension « situationnelle » de la surveillance électronique sera examinée, afin de voir si ce concept est propre à renouveler la manière dont on envisage la sanction, ouvrant la réflexion aux espaces, réels et virtuels où évolue le condamné, ainsi qu’aux situations concrètes ou dématérialisées dans lesquelles il se trouve impliqué et qui, formatées de manière particulièrement stricte, redéfinissent son environnement et cadrent son comportement.
Régulation de l'énergie en Europe
Authors: de Ladoucette Philippe
Published: September 2013

En l’espace d’une quinzaine d’années, la régulation des marchés de l’énergie s’est imposée dans le cadre règlementaire européen afin de permettre à l’Union européenne de disposer d’un approvisionnement en énergie fiable et durable sur le plan écologique tout en préservant sa compétitivité. Alors que les tâches confiées aux régulateurs de l’énergie se sont rapidement accrues, leur action pourrait paradoxalement être mise à mal par les mesures d’austérité auxquelles nombre d’entre eux sont confrontés.
Le blé, enjeu de la sécurité alimentaire chinoise
Authors: Claverie Benjamin
Published: September 2013

Le blé conserve sa place de première céréale échangée sur le marché mondial. S’approvisionner en blé est cependant source de tensions géoéconomiques dans le contexte de la résurrection de la souveraineté alimentaire des États. À ce jeu la Chine excelle. Contredisant les scenario les plus pessimistes, elle n’importe finalement pas massivement du blé car elle privilégie l’alternative de l’autosuffisance, malgré des contraintes territoriales et techniques pesant plus lourdement sur ses agrosystèmes.
L'Amérique latine face aux défis de la croissance économique et de la cohésion sociale
Authors: Orliange Philippe
Published: September 2013

L’Amérique latine a connu une décennie de croissance économique ininterrompu et a fait face à la crise de 2008. Cette croissance a reposé sur les exportations de matières premières et sur une demande interne dynamique. Les sociétés latino-américaines sont toutes engagées dans la transition démographique et ont connu au cours de cette même décennie une augmentation sensible de la part des classes moyennes. La solidité à long terme du pacte sociale suppose à la fois des réformes économiques et sociales dont les classes moyennes puissent profiter. Face à ces enjeux de cohésion sociale et territoriale, de nouveaux espaces de coopération pourraient s’ouvrir entre l’Europe et l’Amérique latine.
Amérique, défendre le territoire
Authors: Hanne Hugo
Published: September 2013

Le ministère américain de la Défense a récemment publié sa stratégie de défense intérieure et de soutien de la défense aux autorités civiles, qui définit deux axes stratégiques : défendre le territoire des États-Unis contre les attaques directes des acteurs étatiques et non-étatiques et fournir l’assistance aux autorités civiles nationales dans l’éventualité de désastres naturels ou d’origine humaine, en réponse à un événement significatif ou catastrophique. Les menaces identifiées sont en priorité les attaques terroristes, provenant d’Al-Qaïda en particulier. Les vulnérabilités décrites résident dans les réseaux cybernétiques et les infrastructures essentielles comme l’électricité. Des événements aléatoires comme les catastrophes naturelles sont aussi sources de dommages, appelant une réponse des forces armées américaines. Dans ces conditions, la stratégie de défense intérieure définit les missions, les objectifs et les capacités essentielles, que les forces armées américaines devront assurer entre 2012 et 2020.
Technology Enhanced Assessment for Learning in a Distance Education IT Degree Programme in Sri Lanka
Authors: Usoof Hakim A , Hudson Brian , Wikramanayake Gihan N
Published: September 2013

This paper reports on a research study to investigate the impact of assessment practices on the learning process, student learning outcomes and student attitudes to learning in a large-scale distance education IT degree programme in Sri Lanka. The national context for higher education is described, especially the national challenges for widening access to, and participation in, higher education. The study is set within a developmental context which has involved a continual process of improvement through the use of technology enhanced learning. This process has addressed the need to improve retention and progression rates and the need to develop assessment practices in order to improve support for student learning. The paper includes a discussion of related work with regard to the development of online learning communities, promotion of collaborative learning and development of assessment for learning approaches. Findings from the research study are presented which arise from an analysis of students’ enrolment, retention and progression rates in relation to three developmental phases of the programme. The outcomes of a survey of students’ perspectives on their experience of assessment practices within this developmental context are also reported. The discussion identifies successes, areas for further improvement and directions for future research and development in relation to technology enhanced assessment for learning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/icter.v5i1.6094 International Journal on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions 2012 5(1) 1-8
Re-evaluation of community of inquiry model with its metacognitive presence construct
Authors: Weerasinghe TA , Hewagamage KP , Ramberg R
Published: September 2013

Among the discussion-content analytical tools in the field of e-learning research, the community of inquiry (CoI) model is extensively applied and continuously improved by its users. This model investigates the types of elements that are manifested through inquiry-based learning processes in online discussions. They are social, cognitive, teaching and metacognitive presences. These elements are essential for meaningful student interactions to take place in online learning environments. In particular, the metacognitive presence construct of the CoI model discovers the students’ ability of self and co-regulation of learning in an online learning environment. However, the metacognitive presence construct of the CoI model has not been evaluated along with the other components of the model. Therefore, in this paper the CoI model was re-evaluated to determine its reliability in analysing discussions in online courses on information technology related subjects. The evaluation is conducted with four online courses designed and developed for a distance learning programme in Sri Lanka. The paper discusses the modifications that were needed to make the model more applicable for conducting discussion-content analysis in similar types of online learning environments, and reports on the results of the final evaluation. Furthermore, the findings of the study imply that the theoretical framework of the CoI model needs to be improved to properly enclose the metacognitive presence component. In spite of this, the study adds points to the CoI model supporting for its well applicability and reliability in analysing online discussion content in information technology related courses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/icter.v5i4.6095 International Journal on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions 2012 5(4) 1-13
Novel Multi-Modal Tools to Enhance Disabled and Distance Learners’ Experience of Mathematics
Authors: Attanayake Dilaksha , Hunter Gordon , Denholm-Price James , Pfluegel Eckhard
Published: September 2013

This paper discusses ICT-related needs, with particular reference to studying mathematically-based disciplines, of several types of users – notably people with physical disabilities, online (distance) learners and people working or studying “on the move”, relying on mobile devices. We note the inadequacy of existing interfaces for mathematical input and output for these groups and investigate several options for addressing the problems. We present two tools that employ novel human computer interaction methods which allow users to create and edit mathematical content in electronic documents and address some of the above issues. We apply one of these in a user study in a classroom environment, aiming to investigate whether this system can assist students to learn mathematical concepts via creating mathematical e-content. We show that there is some evidence that, by using this tool, some students can improve their general understanding of mathematical concepts, comparing “deep” natural language descriptions with representations based on “shallow” application-specific interactions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/icter.v6i1.6098 International Journal on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions 2013 6(1)
Scrotal necrosis to total de-gloving injury of the male genitalia: an experience from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Houben Christoph H. , Azubuike Chuks , Ozoemena Okogbe , Saidu Bala
Published: September 2013

Two patients with very different aetiologies of their genital injuries are presented: one lost his scrotal skin as a result of Fournier’s gangrene, the other experienced complete denudation of scrotal and penile skin plus the amputation of his glans penis through an agricultural machinery. The placement of denuded gonads in thigh pouches and delayed skin grafting provide safe treatment options in a low budget setting of a Sub-Saharan country.
Quality of life in chronic disease patients
Authors: Megari Kalliopi
Published: September 2013

During the past decades there was an increasing predominance of chronic disorders, with a large number of people living with chronic diseases that can adversely affect their quality of life. The aim of the present paper is to study quality of life and especially Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic diseases. HRQOL is a multidimensional construct that consists of at least three broad domains − physical, psychological, and social functioning − that are affected by one’s disease and/or treatment. HRQoL is usually measured in chronic conditions and is frequently impaired to a great extent. In addition, factors that are associated with good and poor HRQoL, as well as HRQoL assessment will be discussed. The estimation of the relative impact of chronic diseases on HRQoL is necessary in order to better plan and distribute health care resources aiming at a better HRQoL.

[«All the people perceive the concept of living good or being well, that is the same as being happy». (Aristotle. 384-322 BC. Ethica Nichomachea)]
Quality of life research: interview with Professor Robert Cummins
Authors: Cummins Robert , Theofilou Paraskevi
Published: September 2013

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a fundamental concept in the field of clinical medicine and has been studied during the last years by psychologists, sociologists, economists and managers. The concept of HRQOL includes those aspects of overall QOL that can be indicated to have an impact on patients’ health, either physical or psychological. Concerning the individuals, this incorporates physical and mental health cognitions, including sociodemographic factors, sexual functioning, fatigue, sleep disorders and functional status. One of the most eminent experts in the world in the field of QOL is Prof. Robert Cummins [Professor of Psychology at Deakin University in Australia (School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Victoria 3125 Melbourne, Australia. E-mail: robert.cummins@deakin.edu.au)] who kindly accepted to answer our questions in the con- text of this special edition.
Life satisfaction and frailty among older adults
Authors: Wilhelmson Katarina , Fritzell Emelie , Eklund Kajsa , Dahlin-Ivanoff Synneve
Published: September 2013

Functional and physical impairment are factors believed to lead to declined life satisfaction among older adults. This study aimed to examine life satisfaction among older adults and the influence of frailty. Baseline data from two studies addressing frail older adults aged 80+ in Gothenburg, Sweden, (n=577) were used. Frailty was measured through eight indicators. Life satisfaction was measured with Fugl-Meyer’s instrument LiSat-11. Perceived life satisfaction was rather high within the studied population, with 66% being satisfied with life as a whole. Most life satisfaction items were significantly associated with frailty status, with non-frail participants being satisfied to a higher extent for all items with the exception of financial situation, sexual life and partnership relation. The factors significantly explaining life satisfaction were psychological health, partner relationship, leisure and ADL. This study shows that older adults’ satisfaction with life as a whole is almost as high as in younger age groups. Respondents with higher degree of frailty reported significantly lower degrees of life satisfaction, indicating a possibility to maintain life satisfaction by preventing or delaying the development of frailty.
Values-based action in fibromyalgia: results from a randomized pilot of acceptance and commitment therapy
Authors: Steiner Jennifer L. , Bogusch Leah , Bigatti Silvia M.
Published: September 2013

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by pain, fatigue, and nonrestorative sleep. The disruptive symptoms of FMS are associated with reductions in quality of life related to family, intimate relationships, and work. The present study was part of a randomized pilot study of an 8-week Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention compared to education in a sample of 28 women with FMS. The Chronic Pain Values Inventory was administered at baseline, postintervention, and 12 week follow-up. Both groups showed significant improvements in family success, which were maintained at follow-up. Groups showed a differential pattern of success in work. The ACT group demonstrated significant, maintained improvements in success in intimate relationships, while the education group reported no changes over time. Findings suggest that both interventions may lead to improvements in valued living; however different interventions may be best suited for certain valued domains. The results of this study indicate that FMS patients are able to improve their success in family and intimate relationships and losses in these areas are not necessarily permanent.
Profound associations between pain and quality of life
Authors: Thielke Stephen
Published: September 2013

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Pectus Excavatum and Heritable Disorders of the Connective Tissue
Authors: Tocchioni Francesca , Ghionzoli Marco , Messineo Antonio , Romagnoli Paolo
Published: September 2013

Pectus excavatum, the most frequent congenital chest wall deformity, may be rarely observed as a sole deformity or as a sign of an underlying connective tissue disorder. To date, only few studies have described correlations between this deformity and heritable connective tissue disorders such as Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, Poland, MASS (Mitral valve prolapse, not progressive Aortic enlargement, Skeletal and Skin alterations) phenotype among others. When concurring with connective tissue disorder, cardiopulmonary and vascular involvement may be associated to the thoracic defect. Ruling out the concomitance of pectus excavatum and connective tissue disorders, therefore, may have a direct implication both on surgical outcome and long term prognosis. In this review we focused on biological bases of connective tissue disorders which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of pectus excavatum, portraying surgical and clinical implication of their concurrence.
Vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Thrombocytopenia a marker
Authors: Aggarwal Ashish , Salunke Pravin , Singh Harnarayan , Singh Harnarayan , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Chhabra Rajesh , Singla Navneet , Sachdeva Ashwani Kumar
Published: September 2013

Background: Symptomatic vasospasm (SV) is often seen after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The pathophysiology suggests that platelets initiate the process and are consumed. This is likely to result in thrombocytopenia. The objective of this study was to find out if thrombocytopenia preceded or followed SV and to analyze the relationship between the two. Materials and Methods: The platelet counts of 74 patients were studied on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 following aSAH. Clinical symptoms and raised velocities on transcranial Doppler were studied on the same days to determine SV. The relationship of platelet counts and SV were analyzed. Results: Thirty-nine (52.7%) patients developed SV. Platelet counts dropped on postictal day (PID) 3-7 and SV was commonly seen on PID 5-9. The median platelet counts were significantly lower in patients with SV when compared to those without SV. Platelet count <150,000/mm 3 on PID 1 and 7 had statistically significant association (P < 0.001) with SV. The odds ratio was 5.1, 6.9, and 5.1 on PID 5, 7, and 9, respectively, for patients with relative thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between thrombocytopenia and SV. A platelet count < 150,000/mm 3 on PID 1 and 7 predicts presence of SV. The relative risk of developing SV is >5 times for a patient with relative thrombocytopenia especially on PID 5-9. Additionally, it appears that thrombocytopenia precedes vasospasm and may be an independent predictor. However, this requires further studies for validation.
Bicycle accident.related head injuries in India
Authors: Munivenkatappa Ashok , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Gregor Thomas Issac , Bhat Dhananjay I , Kumarsamy Akhil Deepika , Shukla Dhaval P
Published: September 2013

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of head injuries sustained due to bicycle accidents in India. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected over a period of six months (15 May 2011 to 15 November 2011). Demography of patients, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), clinical and imaging findings, and mortality and outcome using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), Rivermead post-concussion symptom questionnaire (RPCSQ) and Rivermead head injury follow-up questionnaire (RHFUQ), were analyzed. Outcome was assessed by telephonic interview. Results: There were 108 patients (100 males) with mean age of 27.7 years. Seventy-four (68.5%) were from rural areas. Accidents due to vehicular collision accounted for 60 (55.6%) cases. None wore a helmet. The admission GCS was 14-15 in 68.5% cases, 13-3 in 31.5%. The risk of moderate to severe injuries was increased among working laborers (OR = 5), and patients with loss of consciousness (OR = 4). Sixty-three (49%) patients had abnormal computed tomography (CT) findings; most common finding was skull fracture 25 (23.1%). Four patients needed surgery. The GOS assessment at three to six months revealed favorable outcome in 66 patients (61.1%) and death in 8 (7.4%). The common post-concussion symptoms were headache, fatigue, and poor concentration. Conclusion: The majority of hospitalized cyclists were from a rural background and of the lower income group. After three months the majority of patients had good recovery with few persistent concussion symptoms.
Clinical profile of children with developmental delay and microcephaly
Authors: Aggarwal Anju , Mittal Hema , Patil Rahul , Debnath Sanjib , Rai Anuradha
Published: September 2013

Aim: To study the profile of children with developmental delay and microcephaly. Materials and Methods: Children attending child development clinic with developmental delay were evaluated as per protocol. Z scores of head circumference were calculated using WHO charts. Clinical, radiological and etiological profile of those with microcephaly and those without was compared. Results: Of the 414 children with developmental delay 231 had microcephaly (z score ≤ -3). Mean age of children with microcephaly was 35.1 ± 27.9 months (range 4-184), males (72.7%). Comorbidities were epilepsy (42.9%), visual abnormality (26.4%), hearing abnormality (16.9%). Mean DQ was 29.75 + 17.8 in those with microcephaly was significantly lower compared to the rest (P = 0.002). Secondary microcephaly was associated with cerebral palsy in 69.7%. Other causes were congenital infections (4), inborn error of metabolism (3), post-meningoencephalitis (5), malformations (12), and syndromic (13). Neuroimaging was done in 118 (51.1%) cases of which 104 (88.1%) were abnormal. On comparison children with microcephaly had more epilepsy, lower developmental quotient, vision abnormalities findings as compared to normocephalic children with developmental delay (P &003E; 0.05). Conclusion: Microcephaly was associated with lower, DQ, higher comorbidities in children with developmental delay. Spastic CP is commonly associated with microcephaly.
Path subcoalgebras, finiteness properties and quantum groups
Authors: Dăscălescu Sorin , Iovanov Miodrag C. , Năstăsescu Constantin
Published: September 2013

We study subcoalgebras of path coalgebras that are spanned by paths (called path subcoalgebras) and subcoalgebras of incidence coalgebras, and propose a unifying approach for these classes. We discuss the left quasi-co-Frobenius and the left co-Frobenius properties for these coalgebras. We classify the left co-Frobenius path subcoalgebras, showing that they are direct sums of certain path subcoalgebras arising from the infinite line quiver or from cyclic quivers. We investigate which of the co-Frobenius path subcoalgebras can be endowed with Hopf algebra structures, in order to produce some quantum groups with non-zero integrals, and we classify all these structures over a field with primitive roots of unity of any order. These turn out to be liftings of quantum lines over certain not necessarily abelian groups.
Detection of Leishmania siamensis DNA in Saliva by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Phumee Atchara , Kraivichian Kanyarat , Chusri Sarunyou , Noppakun Nopadon , Vibhagool Asda , Sanprasert Vivornpun , Tampanya Vich , Wilde Henry , Siriyasatien Padet
Published: September 2013

Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Leishmania siamensis DNA from clinical samples collected from six leishmaniasis patients during 2011–2012. The samples used in this study came from bone marrow, blood, buffy coat, saliva, urine, and tissue biopsy specimens. Saliva was a good source for L. siamensis DNA by polymerase chain reaction. L. siamensis DNA was also found in saliva of an asymptomatic case-patient. Levels of L. siamensis DNA in saliva decreased until being undetectable after treatment. These levels could be used as a marker to evaluate efficacy of the treatment. A larger study is needed to evaluate this method as a screening and survey tool to study the silent background of Leishmania infection among the at-risk population.
Mapping Malaria Transmission Intensity in Malawi, 2000–2010
Authors: Bennett Adam , Kazembe Lawrence , Mathanga Don P. , Kinyoki Damaris , Ali Doreen , Snow Robert W. , Noor Abdisalan M.
Published: September 2013

Substantial development assistance has been directed towards reducing the high malaria burden in Malawi over the past decade. We assessed changes in transmission over this period of malaria control scale-up by compiling community Plasmodium falciparum rate (PfPR) data during 2000–2011 and used model-based geostatistical methods to predict mean PfPR2–10 in 2000, 2005, and 2010. In addition, we calculated population-adjusted prevalences and populations at risk by district to inform malaria control program priority setting. The national population-adjusted PfPR2–10 was 37% in 2010, and we found no evidence of change over this period of scale-up. The entire population of Malawi is under meso-endemic transmission risk, with those in districts along the shore of Lake Malawi and Shire River Valley under highest risk. The lack of change in prevalence confirms modeling predictions that when compared with lower transmission, prevalence reductions in high transmission settings require greater investment and longer time scales.
Leishmaniases in Greece
Authors: Ntais Pantelis , Sifaki-Pistola Dimitra , Christodoulou Vasiliki , Messaritakis Ippokratis , Pratlong Francine , Poupalos George , Antoniou Maria
Published: September 2013

During the last 35 years, visceral leishmaniasis has spread in Greece with autochthonous human cases appearing in 41 of the 54 prefectures. The occurrence of the disease was mapped and related to dog seropositivity, environmental and geospatial risk factors. Average dog seropositivity was 22.1% and positive animals were found in 43 of 54 prefectures. Factors like: altitude, presence of water bodies, land use, wind speed, mean land surface temperature, mean relative humidity, and mean annual rainfall were found to affect dog seropositivity. Cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania tropica are also increasing. Phlebotomus similis believed to be the potential vector of L. tropica in Greece, was found in areas where the disease is widespread but also where cases have never been reported implying a danger of introduction of this anthroponotic parasite to new regions.
An Improved Selective Culture Medium Enhances the Isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Contaminated Specimens
Authors: Goodyear Andrew , Strange Linda , Rholl Drew A. , Silisouk Joy , Dance David A. B. , Schweizer Herbert P. , Dow Steven
Published: September 2013

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium found in tropical climates that causes melioidosis. Culture remains the diagnostic gold standard, but isolation of B. pseudomallei from heavily contaminated sites, such as fecal specimens, can be difficult. We recently reported that B. pseudomallei is capable of infecting the gastrointestinal tract of mice and suggested that the same may be true in humans. Thus, there is a strong need for new culture techniques to allow for efficient detection of B. pseudomallei in fecal and other specimens. We found that the addition of norfloxacin, ampicillin, and polymyxin B to Ashdown's medium (NAP-A) resulted in increased specificity without affecting the growth of 25 B. pseudomallei strains. Furthermore, recovery of B. pseudomallei from human clinical specimens was not affected by the three additional antibiotics. Therefore, we conclude that NAP-A medium provides a new tool for more sensitive isolation of B. pseudomallei from heavily contaminated sites.
Persistence of Detectable Immunoglobulin M Antibodies Up to 8 Years After Infection with West Nile Virus
Authors: Murray Kristy O. , Garcia Melissa N. , Yan Chris , Gorchakov Rodion
Published: September 2013

In Houston, we have been monitoring the immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) infection in a large cohort of study participants since 2002. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, serum from 163 participants was tested for the presence of anti-WNV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies. We found that 42%, 34%, and 23% of study participants had either positive or equivocal results when tested for anti-WNV IgM antibodies approximately 1, 6, and 8 years post-infection, respectively. Conversely, almost one-half of study participants (46%) had undetectable anti-WNV IgG antibodies by 8 years post-infection. This study is the first study to calculate the slope of the rate of decay of antibodies over time as well as show persistence of detectable anti-WNV IgM antibodies up to 8 years post-infection. These findings warrant additional investigation, particularly the determination of whether persistence of IgM is related to persistent infection with WNV.
Bartonella and Toxoplasma Infections in Stray Cats from Iraq
Authors: Switzer Alexandra D. , McMillan-Cole Audrey C. , Kasten Rickie W. , Stuckey Matthew J. , Kass Philip H. , Chomel Bruno B.
Published: September 2013

Because of overpopulation, stray/feral cats were captured on military bases in Iraq as part of the US Army Zoonotic Disease Surveillance Program. Blood samples were collected from 207 cats, mainly in Baghdad but also in North and West Iraq, to determine the prevalence of Bartonella and Toxoplasma infections. Nine (4.3%) cats, all from Baghdad, were bacteremic with B. henselae type I. Seroprevalence was 30.4% for T. gondii, 15% for B. henselae, and 12.6% for B. clarridgeiae. Differences in Bartonella prevalence by location were statistically significant, because most of the seropositive cats were from Baghdad. There was no association between T. gondii seropositivity and either of the two Bartonella species surveyed. This report is the first report on the prevalence of Bartonella and T. gondii among stray cats in Iraq, which allows for better evaluation of the zoonotic risk potential to the Iraqi people and deployed military personnel by feral cat colonies.
The Evaluation and Improvement of IT Governance
Authors: Pérez Lorences Patricia , García Ávila Lourdes Francisca
Published: September 2013

The present article aims to propose a general procedure to evaluate and improve the Information Technology (IT) Governance in an organization, considering the Business–IT alignment and risk management. The procedure integrates management tools such as business processes management, risk management, strategic alignment and the balanced scorecard. Additionally, to assess the IT Governance level we proposed an indicator based on the process maturity. The concepts and ideas presented here had been applied in four case studies, verifying their implementation feasibility. The results indicate a low level of IT governance and the existence of several problems primarily in the Plan and Organize and Monitor and Evaluate domains.
Legitimation Implications in the Process of Implementing an ERP System in a Holding Company
Authors: Theiss Viviane , Krespi Nayane Thais , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2013

The objective of the study is to evaluate the legitimation of the process of implementing an ERP system in a holding company. The conceptual model is based on the New Institutional Sociology, with the evaluation of the legitimation of a new information system in the organization studied. The data collection procedures employed interviews, questionnaires, as well as the analysis of documents provided by the company. As the system is already part of the company’s processes and the employees have already accepted the changes, it provides evidence of legitimation of the ERP system in the business.
Information Technology as a Technical Resource for the Memories: Memories of Unati-Marília in the Virtual Environment
Authors: Borges Paiva Simone , Del-Masso Maria Candida Soares
Published: September 2013

UNATI (Open University of the Third Age), UNESP, Marília campus, has offered subsidies for the development of this work aimed at researching the existing relationships between information mediation processes and technological devices, especially computers, assuming that reading practices and textual construction in on-line environments could help the “third age” population to have access to these devices, thus promoting digital inclusion in this group. Mediation was presented as an interventionist action that, by introducing an intermediate element in the learning process, causes a rupture in the ways of living and personal digital inclusion processes hitherto experienced. In the context of a workshop, we found out that there is a physical relationship between subjects and technological supports and such a contact proved to be necessary, considering that handling a computer required knowledge of procedures, thus furthering a logic of use. It turned out to be necessary to develop actions that would enable the handling of a computer so as to bring about acceptance of these supports. Accordingly, activities were developed so as to articulate reminiscent processes, memories of older adults, the writing down of such memories and the creation of a blog to bring enhanced visibility to the content produced by older people. Such actions have shown that remembering, writing down and posting can reshape not only social relations but somehow significantly promote digital inclusion among older adults.
Outcomes of the 10th Contecsi – International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management
Authors: Riccio Edson Luiz , Sakata Marici Gramacho , Valente Nelma Terezinha Zubek , Capobianco Ligia
Published: September 2013

In this document, we aim to describe statistics, data and the importance of the 10th CONTECSI – International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management, which took place at the University of São Paulo, during the dates of June 12th to 14th,organized by TECSI/EAC/FEA/USP. This report presents the statistics of the 10th CONTECSI, Goals and Objectives, Program, Plenary Sessions, Doctoral Consortium, Parallel Sessions, Honorable Mentions and Committees. We would like to point out the huge importance of the financial aid given by CAPES, CNPq and FAPESP, as well as the support of FEA USP, ANPAD, AIS, ISACA, Université Paris Quest Nanterre La Defense, Universidade do Porto, Rutgers School/USA, São Paulo Convention Bureau and CCINT-FEA-USP.
Tactical Evacuation of Casualties by Military Helicopters: Present and Future Aspects
Authors: Ünlü Aytekin , Can M Fatih , Yagci Gokhan , Ozerhan Ismail , Asensio Juan A
Published: September 2013

Injury is a surgical disease, and survival is inversely proportionate to elapsed time to treatment. As the routine use of helicopters started during the Vietnam War, it has been well-established that rapid transport was associated with unprecedented survival of critically injured patients. Currently, helicopters are used for tactical and medical evacuation purposes both in the Turkish Military and civilian health care system. Despite the rapid transport advantages, these flying ambulances are austere environments in terms of limited space and medical resources. Accordingly, a study group consisting of experienced military trauma surgeons has analyzed the data related with the present and future aspects of casualty evacuation missions with military helicopters.

The main focus of this study was to increase the Turkish Trauma Society awareness, improve en route care quality, identify new research topics and increase military medical readiness for the ensuing conflicts and disaster situations.

How to cite this article

Ünlü A, Can MF, Yagci G, Ozerhan I, Asensio JA, Petrone P. Tactical Evacuation of Casualties by Military Helicopters: Present and Future Aspects. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(2):83-88.
Lactic Acidosis, Multiorgan Failure and Pneumatosis: A Rare Presentation of Lymphoma
Authors: Letourneau Phillip A , Shah Shinil K , Tchakarov Amanda , Tanner Allen H , Hetz Robert A , Jani Pushan P , Walker Peter A , Martinez Eric J , Khan Saleem A
Published: September 2013

A 43-year-old man with a past medical history of HIV/AIDS presented with a cough, fever and night sweats. He was febrile, with normal heart rate and blood pressure. Initial laboratory testing included a mild leukocytosis. Chest X-ray demonstrated a right perihilar opacity and bilateral pleural effusions. He was admitted for treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia vs tuberculosis. He developed respiratory failure and was transferred to the ICU. He subsequently developed abdominal pain and severe lactic acidosis. CT scan demonstrated pneumatosis. Considering the clinical concern for mesenteric ischemia he was taken to the operating room, where it was noted that he had hepatomegaly and viable bowel. The mesentery demonstrated diffuse lymphadenopathy. Mesenteric lymph nodes were biopsied. He failed to improve clinically and his leukocytosis continued to increase to as high as 102,000, with a blood smear revealing atypical appearing lymphocytes. The patient continued to decline and ultimately died. Autopsy results demonstrated diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Only 30 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been reported in the literature as causing liver failure. This is the only case that included pneumatosis and lactic acidosis that mimicked mesenteric ischemia.

How to cite this article

Letourneau PA, Shah SK, Tchakarov A, Tanner AH, Hetz RA, Jani PP, Walker PA, Martinez EJ, Khan SA. Lactic Acidosis, Multiorgan Failure and Pneumatosis: A Rare Presentation of Lymphoma. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(2):94-96.