bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Techniques Application for Modelling Expected Trends in Pan Evaporation in Slovak River Basins
Authors: Novotná Beáta , Cviklovič Vladimír , Chvíla Branislav , Minárik Martin
Published: December 2024

The modelling of pan evaporation (Ep) trends in Slovak river basins was performed by utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques algorithms to accurately forecast evaporation rates based on daily climate data spanning from 2010 to 2023 across eight sub-basins within the Slovak Republic. The findings derived from the AI modelling indicate that the river basins of Bodrog, Hornád, Ipeľ, Morava, Slaná, and Váh are experiencing increases in evaporation measurements, whereas the Dunaj and Hron rivers demonstrate declining trends. This divergence may suggest the presence of differing ecological factors that affect the evaporation dynamics associated with each river. In this study, a comprehensive set of 28 machine learning and deep learning models was employed, including: Machine Learning (ML): Linear Regression, Tree-Based, Support Vector Machines (both with and without Kernels), Ensemble, and Gaussian Process methods; Deep Learning (DL): Neural Networks (Narrow, Medium, Wide, Bilayered, and Trilayered). The Stepwise Linear Regression yielded the most optimal fit. The Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) method was utilized to assess the efficacy of feature selection by concentrating on both relevance and redundancy. The results suggest that placing greater emphasis on relative humidity (RH) and minimum temperature (tmin) may significantly enhance the predictive accuracy of the model.
Subject Areas and Methods of Spatiotemporal Optimization in Transport: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rakhmangulov Aleksandr , Osintsev Nikita , Mishkurov Pavel
Published: December 2024

The accumulation of big data by intelligent and information systems in transportation has created a basis for the use of various methods of forecasting and operational management of the transportation process. One of the promising directions in this area is the description of both traffic flows and the structure of transportation systems in the form of spatiotemporal graphs. Optimization of such graphs makes it possible to justify management decisions in real time, as well as to forecast the parameters of traffic flows and transport process. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the use of spatiotemporal graphs for solving various problems in transportation, as well as the most common methods of optimization of such graphs. The sample papers studied include 114 publications from Scopus Database for 25 years from 1999 to 2024. First, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to establish the increase in the number of publications, journals, countries, institutions, subject areas, articles, authors, and keyword matches to understand the amount of literature generated. Secondly, a literature review was conducted based on content analysis to predict future research directions in the field. It was found that a promising direction is the development of deep learning methods and ways to form graph neural networks based on the use of spatiotemporal graph. Such methods are most often used to solve the tasks of real-time control of urban transportation systems. The least number of publications is in areas that require in-depth knowledge of transportation technology, such as air, sea, and rail transportation. This study has contributed to the expansion of scientific knowledge on methods of spatiotemporal optimization of transport systems based on bibliometric analysis.
Investigation of Impurities in Peptide Pools
Authors: Bosc-Bierne Gaby , Weller Michael G.
Published: December 2024

Peptide pools are important research tools in different biomedical fields. They consist of a complex mixture of defined peptides, which places high demands on the production and quality control of these products. Previously it was shown that the combination of UHPLC with high-resolution mass-spectrometry (HRMS) is a fast and powerful method to confirm the relative concentration and the structural identity of all peptides expected to be in the pool. In this work, the additional information contained in the UV chromatograms and mass spectra is used to search for impurities due to synthesis by-products, degradation during storage and transportation and to identify possible analytical artifacts. It was shown that most impurities are only present in trace amounts and can be considered uncritical for most applications. The most frequent and perhaps unexpected impurities were homo- and heterodimers caused by the free cysteines contained in these peptide pools. Furthermore, pyroglutamate and aspartimide formation, deamidation, methionine oxidation, and amino acid deletions could be found. This list is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather a brief guide to quickly identify impurities and, in the long term, to suggest possible changes in the composition of the peptide pools to avoid such impurities by design or by special precautions.
Association of Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma and Cerebral Lissencephaly/Pachygyria: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zakic Hristina , Kontic Vucinic Olivera , Stamenkovic Jelena , Jevtić Jovan , Perisic Mitrovic Milena , Zivotic Maja
Published: December 2024

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma represents 3 - 10 % of all pediatric renal tumors. With the advancement of ultrasound diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging, the diagnosis of this renal neoplasm is increasingly being established prenatally and at birth. It usually presents as a benign tumor, but it can severely affect pregnancy outcomes, contributing to serious complications, perinatal morbidity and mortality. Lissencephaly belongs to a rare category of neurodevelopmental disorders marked by the absence of substantial reduction of the typical folds and grooves in the cerebral cortex. The prognosis for patients with lissencephaly is extremely poor, carryng with it a high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to point out the characteristics and unique correlation between CMN and lissencephaly, and to illustrate the histopathological features of CMN and lissencephaly through an educational example derived from our presented index case. To the best to our knowledge, the association of CMN with lissencephaly has not been decribed in the literature so far. Outlining the prenatal progression of CMN and the outcome of pregnancies involving fetal CMN and lissencephaly this case underscores the importance of comprenhesive ultrasound examionations, including central nervous system evaluation, to identify potenial coexisting anomalies and refine prenatal diagnostic practices.
Digital Technologies for Early Modern Portuguese Manuscripts: An Experiment with Two ‘Handwritten Text Recognition’ Software Applications
Authors: Paixão de Sousa Maria Clara , Monte Vanessa Martins do , Namiuti Cristiane dos Santos , Santos Jorge Viana , Xavier Lúcia Furquim , Magalhães Lívia Borges Souza , Costa Bruno Silvério , Costa Aline Silva , Sturzeneker Mariana Lourenço , Crespo Maria Clara Ramos Morales , Rocha Maria Lina Jeannine , Zacchi Natalia
Published: December 2024

This paper shows the results of an experimental approach on automatic reading of 16th-century Portuguese Inquisition manuscripts using two Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) applications. Therefore, the experiment involved modeling the handwriting of one scribe, measuring the differences between the human-made and the machine transcriptions and analyzing those differences from a palaeographic perspective. Two independently developed HTR applications were selected for the experiment: Transkribus (by ReadCoop, an European Cooperative Society) and Lapelinc Transcriptor (by LaPeLinC, Corpus Linguistic Laboratory of the State University of Southern Bahia, Brazil). Both tools use machine learning technology. The results indicated that palaeography can contribute to the development of HTR technologies in a number of ways, apart from the evident contribution of helping in the deep understanding of the results. Finally, serving both pragmatic and scientific interests. So, with this article we express the desire to promote discussions about the state-of-the-art and the challenges ahead on the road to what many already call ‘digital palaeography’ - in particular, with regard to Early Modern Portuguese manuscripts.
Hot Melt Extrusion Paired Nozzle Based Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Design and Development of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Nyavanandi Dinesh , Mandati Preethi , Vidiyala Nithin , Parupathi Prashanth , Kolimi Praveen , Mamidi Hemanth Kumar
Published: December 2024

In recent years, with the increasing patient population, the need for complex and patient-centric medications has increased enormously. Traditional manufacturing techniques such as direct blending, high shear granulation, and dry granulation can develop simple solid oral medications. However, it is well known that “one size fits all” is not true for pharmaceutical medicines. Depending on the age, sex, and disease state, each patient might need a different dose, combination of medicines, and drug release pattern from the medications. By employing traditional practices, developing patient-centric medications remains challenging and unaddressed. Over the last few years, much research has been conducted exploring various additive manufacturing techniques for developing on-demand, complex, and patient-centric medications. Among all the techniques, nozzle-based additive manufacturing platforms such as pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) have been investigated thoroughly to develop various medications. Both nozzle-based techniques involve the application of thermal energy. However, PAM can also be operated under ambient conditions to process semi-solid materials. The nozzle-based techniques can also be paired with the hot melt extrusion (HME) process for establishing a continuous manufacturing platform by employing various in-line process analytical technology tools (PAT) for monitoring the critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) for delivering safe, efficacious and quality medications to the patient population without compromising the critical quality attributes (CQAs). The review covers an in-depth discussion of various critical parameters and their influence on product quality, along with a note on the continuous manufacturing process, quality by design, and future perspectives.
Analysis and Evaluation of a TCO2 Electrothermal Energy Storage System with Integration of CO2 Geological Storage
Authors: Stoikos Aristeidis , Kyriakides Alexios-Spyridon , Carneiro Júlio , Behnous Dounya , Gravanis Georgios , Tsimpanogiannis Ioannis N. , Seferlis Panos , Voutetakis Spyros
Published: December 2024

The goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions necessitates the increase of RES utilization. To accomplish this goal, energy storage solutions, are required. This study investigates the performance of an electrothermal energy storage system, the CEEGS system, which consists of an above surface energy storage system and a below surface geological system. The focus is set initially on the analysis of the above surface system to gain insight on its operation. Then steady-state optimization is utilized to identify the operating condition that maximize the system performance, before investigating the bellow surface system integration and the effect that the geological conditions have on system performance. For the above surface system, efficiency (ηR-T) up to 46.89 % is calculated. For system integrated with CO2 geological storage, two case studies are examined, presenting higher ηR-T compared to the above surface system (Case study 1-50.37 %, Case study 2-67.39 %). The optimal ηR-T for Case 2 is achieved for higher injection/production pressures and temperatures conditions and minimal ΔP and ΔT between injection and production. In conclusion, it is the selection of the geological storage conditions that contribute the most to the optimal ηR-T thus the selection of the appropriate geological storage formation is imperative.
One Earth-One Health (OE-OH): Antibacterial Effects of Plant Flavonoids in Combination with Clinical Antibiotics with Various Mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Ganjun , Lian Fengxian , Yan Yu , Wang Yu , Zhang Li , Zhu Jianping , Fatima Aiman , Qian Yuxing
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been seriously threatening to human health, and combination therapy has been proved to be an effective strategy to fight the AMR. Many plant flavonoids can enhance the antibacterial effects of antibiotics, and even reverse the AMR. Our objective was to explore the combined effects of plant flavonoids with antibiotics. Methods: The antibacterial activities of 37 plant flavonoids and 9 clinical antibiotics with various antimicrobial mechanisms were determined using microbroth dilution method. Subsequently, the combined effects of 12 plant flavonoids presenting definite MICs against Staphylococcus aureus with these 9 antibiotics were determined using checkerboard test, together with those of 32 plant flavonoids presenting definite MICs against Escherichia coli with these 9 antibiotics. Results: Approximate 50% of combinations exhibited synergistic effects against E. coli among 288 combinations, while only 25% of combinations exhibited synergistic effects against S. aureus among 108 combinations. Conclusions: Plant flavonoids present extensive synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics especially in combination with ones against Gram-negative bacteria, and their combined effects are consistent with the selection rule of antibacterial agents for synergistic combinations. Considering that various metabolites from microorganisms, plants and animals on the earth would definitely impact on the evolution of AMR, together with the rules, key factor and important principle of drug combination for preventing AMR, and the ecosystem of the earth also have enough buffering capacity and self-regulation ability to the fight between human and pathogenic microorganisms, the concept of One Earth-One Health (OE-OH) was proposed for preventing AMR.
Enchanting the Mind: Exploring the Logic and Conducting a Comprehensive Evaluation of AdipoRon’s Impact on Alzheimer’s Disease Through a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Evidence
Authors: Barbalho Sandra Maria , Laurindo Lucas Fornari , de Oliveira Zanuso Bárbara , da Silva Rebeca Maria Siqueira , Gallerani Caglioni Lívia , Nunes Junqueira de Moraes Victor Bruno Fonseca , Fornari Laurindo Lívia , Dogani Rodrigues Victória , da Silva Camarinha Oliveira Jéssica , Beluce Maria Eduarda , Penteado Detregiachi Cláudia Rucco , Barbalho Lamas Caroline , dos Santos Haber Jesselina Francisco , Cavallari Strozze Catharin Virgínia Maria , Quesada Karina , Tanaka Masaru , Valenti Vitor Engrácia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a leading cause of cognitive decline and mortality worldwide, characterized by neurodegeneration, synaptic deficiencies, and neuroinflammation. Despite advancements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment, AD presents substantial challenges due to its complex pathology, heterogeneity, and the limited efficacy of current therapies. Consequently, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic agents to target the multifaceted aspects of AD pathology, enhance current treatments, and minimize adverse effects. AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, has garnered interest for its potential neuroprotective effects, including reducing neuroinflammation, improving mitochondrial function, and mitigating tau hyperphosphorylation. Methods: This review aimed to evaluate the effects of AdipoRon-based adiponectin replacement therapy against AD using a comprehensive approach grounded in the PICO framework—Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes. Results: A total of six studies were reviewed, including in vitro and in vivo investigations, examining AdipoRon's impact on various AD models. These studies involved different cell lines and transgenic mouse models, assessing various outcomes such as cognitive function, neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, synaptic deficiencies, and relevant molecular pathways. Conclusions: By synthesizing data from these studies, our review provides a thorough understanding of AdipoRon's neuroprotective effects, its mechanisms of action, and its potential as a therapeutic agent for AD. This analysis aims to highlight the current state of knowledge, identify gaps in the research, and suggest directions for future studies and clinical applications.
Factors Contributing to Breastfeeding Cessation Among Arab Women in Israel
Authors: Tarabeih Mahdi , Sabbah Mohammad , Yahya Orsan , Bisharat Sana , Awawdi Khaled
Published: December 2024

Breastfeeding provides significant health benefits for both infants and mothers, but many women discontinue earlier than recommended. This study investigates the factors contributing to early breastfeeding cessation among Arab women in Israel, focusing on multiple factors, such as socio-demographic, work-related, cultural, and religious, impacting breastfeeding duration and shaping breastfeeding practices.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 349 Arab women, 65% of whom were Muslim and 35% Christian. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify key predictors of breastfeeding cessation. Results showed that Christian Arab women were more likely to stop breastfeeding earlier than their Muslim counterparts. Mothers with four or more children and those balancing work demands were at higher risk of early cessation. Contrary to expectations, higher levels of religiosity were associated with a greater likelihood of stopping breastfeeding. Additionally, mothers who received personal breastfeeding guidance were more likely to discontinue, suggesting potential gaps in the quality of support provided.
These findings underscore the importance of tailoring interventions to address the unique cultural and socio-economic challenges faced by Arab women in Israel. Recommendations include improving breastfeeding guidance quality, workplace support for breastfeeding mothers, and culturally sensitive interventions that consider the role of religiosity and family dynamics. This research provides valuable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers aiming to promote sustained breastfeeding practices in diverse populations.
The study highlights the complexity of factors affecting breastfeeding cessation among Arab women in Israel, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions that address socio-demographic, cultural, and religious influences to promote sustained breastfeeding.
A Novel Nanomaterial-Based Approach for Cryopreservation of Individual Sperm Cells Using Addressable Nanoliter Containers
Authors: Galmidi Bat-Sheva , Shafran Yana , Shimon Shimon , Aizer Adva , Orvieto Raoul , Zurgil Naomi , Deutsch Mordechai , Schiffer Zeev , Fixler Dror
Published: December 2024

The research and development of a matrix of Addressable Nanoliter Containers (ANLC) is the focus of this work. The ANLC introduces a novel approach for cryopreserving single sperm cells. A significant increase in sperm cell mortality was observed after cryopreserving nanoliter-scale cell suspensions, attributed to the diffusion of water from the aqueous droplets into the surrounding oil phase. This process elevated the salt concentration within the droplets. A practical solution was devised by saturating the oil with water, significantly reducing the concentration gradient and, consequently, the diffusion. For ANLCs smaller than a few nanoliters, locating individual sperm cells within the containers became highly feasible. Using saturated oil, the survival rate reached 100%. Optical simulations were conducted to evaluate the impact of ANLCs on light scattering, enabling the selection of designs with minimal scattering. The simulations conclusively demonstrated that a cylindrical container with a flat bottom produced the least light scattering. This device was tested under clinical conditions in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory, revealing its strong potential as a practical tool for housing individual sperm cells. It enables characterization using interferometric indicators and facilitates the selection of sperm cells for IVF.
Detection of Cyclic Variation of Heart Rate (CVHR) During Sleep Using Ring-Type Silicon Sensor and Evaluation of Intra-Weekly Variability
Authors: Yuda Emi , Edamatsu Hiroyuki , Hosomi Kenji , Hayano Junichiro
Published: December 2024

Patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) have a risk of stroke that is more than three times higher than that of healthy individuals. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial for preventing serious complications, and detecting cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR) plays a key role in early diagnosis. This study investigated the feasibility of detecting CVHR during sleep using a wearable, comfortable device and evaluated the ability to assess weekly fluctuations. Heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and bio-acceleration were measured for 7 consecutive nights in 8 healthy subjects (45.7 ± 10.1 years old). The CVHR values obtained using a ring-type sensor were compared to those derived from the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) measured with a Holter ECG. The results revealed that CVHR values measured with the ring-type sensor were higher than those measured with the Holter monitor. Although correction is required, the ring-type sensor successfully detected intra-weekly fluctuations. These findings suggest that a ring-type sensor could be a practical tool for monitoring CVHR and identifying weekly trends in a comfortable, non-invasive manner.
Comparison Between Water-Aerobics and Deep-Water Running on Anthropometric, Hemodynamic and Functional Outcomes of Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Leonel Larissa dos Santos , Danielevicz Angelica , Delevatti Rodrigo Sudatti
Published: December 2024

Background: Head-out aquatic training, using modalities such as water-aerobics/hydrogymnastics (HYD) and deep-water running (DWR), has been effective for improving the health of middle-aged adults. However, direct comparisons between these modalities are lacking.
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of water-aerobics and deep-water running on anthropometric, functional and hemodynamic outcomes in adults and older adults.
Methods: An uncontrolled pragmatic trial (RBR-2txw8zy) was conducted with participants aged 30 to 80, allocated to HYD and DWR groups. The intervention consisted of 12 weeks of progressive aerobic training with weekly undulating periodization (2x/week), divided into 3 mesocycles (4, 5, and 3 weeks), each lasting 50 minutes. Intensity was prescribed using the Rate of Perceived Effort (RPE), ranging from RPE 11 to 17. Outcomes assessed included the 30-s chair stand, 30-s arm curl, Timed-Up-and-Go usual (TUG-u) and maximum (TUG-m), 6-minute walking test (6MWT), body mass, waist circumference, blood pressure and resting heart rate-HRrest. The analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations, with per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses.
Results: The study included 104 participants (HYD: n=63, mean age 59 years, 54 women; DWR: n=41, mean age 53 years, 33 women). ITT analysis showed improvements in waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and TUG-m in the HYD group, and a reduction in HRrest in the DWR group. Both modalities showed significant improvements in the 30-s chair stand, 30-s arm curl, 6MWT, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio in the PP analysis.
Conclusion: Both modalities promoted functional improvements and favorable changes in anthropometric evaluations, with DWR showing a greater reduction in HRrest.
A Bio-psycho-social Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights
Authors: Jaishankar Diya , Raghuram Tanvi , Raju Bhuvnesh Kumar , Swarna Divyanka , Parekh Shriya , Chirmule Narendra , Gujar Vikramsingh
Published: December 2024

Speech disorders encompass a complex interplay of neuroanatomical, genetic, and environmental factors affecting individuals' communication ability. This review synthesizes current insights into the neuroanatomy, genetic underpinnings, and environmental influences contributing to speech disorders. Neuroanatomical structures such as Broca's area, Wernicke's area, the arcuate fasciculus, and basal ganglia, along with their connectivity, play critical roles in speech production, comprehension, and motor coordination. Advances in functional neuroimaging have highlighted the intricate brain networks involved in language, offering insights into typical speech development and the pathophysiology of speech disorders. Genetic studies have identified key genes involved in neural migration and synaptic connectivity, further elucidating the role of genetic mutations in speech disorders, such as stuttering and speech sound disorders. Beyond the biological mechanisms, the review explores the profound impact of psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, and ADHD, on individuals with speech disorders. Psychosocial comorbidities often exacerbate speech disorders, complicating diagnosis and treatment and underscoring the need for a holistic approach to managing these conditions. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary interventions integrating speech therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapies, and neurogenetic insights to offer personalized treatment options. Future directions point toward leveraging genetic testing, digital technologies, and personalized therapies, alongside addressing the psychosocial dimensions, to improve outcomes for individuals with speech disorders. This comprehensive overview aims to inform future research and therapeutic advancements, particularly in treating fluency disorders like stuttering.
Polymerized Type I Collagen Downregulates STAT-1 Phosphorylation Through Engagement to LAIR-1 in Circulating Monocytes, Avoiding Long COVID
Authors: Olivares-Martínez Elizabeth , Hernández-Ramírez Diego Francisco , Núñez-Álvarez Carlos Alberto , Meza-Sánchez David Eduardo , Chapa Mónica , Méndez-Flores Silvia , Priego-Ranero Ángel , Azamar-Llamas Daniel , Olvera-Prado Héctor , Rivas-Redonda Kenia Ilian , Ochoa-Hein Eric , López-Mosqueda Luis Gerardo , Rojas-Castañeda Estefano , Urbina-Terán Said , Septién-Stute Luis , Hernández-Gilsoul Thierry , Aguilar-León Diana , Torres-Villalobos Gonzalo , Furuzawa-Carballeda Janette
Published: December 2024

The intramuscular administration of polymerized type I collagen (PTIC) for adult symptomatic COVID-19 outpatient downregulated hyperinflammation and improved symptoms. We inferred that LAIR-1 is a potential receptor for PTIC. Thus, binding assay and surface plasmon resonance binding assay were performed to estimate the affinity of the interaction between LAIR-1 and PTIC. M1-macrophage derived from THP-1 cells were cultured with 2-10% PTIC for 24 h. Lysates from PTIC-treated THP-1 cells, macrophages-like cells (MLCs), M1, M1+IFN-γ, and M1+LPS were analyzed by western blot for NF-κB(p65), p38, STAT-1, and pSTAT-1 (tyrosine701). Serum cytokine levels and monocyte LAIR-1 expression (Mo1 and Mo2) were analyzed by luminometry and flow cytometry in symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients on PTIC treatment. PTIC-bound LAIR-1 with a similar affinity to collagen in M1-macrophages. It downregulated pSTAT-1 in IFN-γ-induced M1. COVID-19 patients under PTIC treatment significantly decreased Mo1 percentage and cytokines (IP-10/MIF/eotaxin/IL-8/IL-1RA/M-CSF) associated with STAT-1 and increased Mo2 subset. The inflammatory mediators and Mo1 downregulation were related to better oxygen saturation and decreased dyspnea, chest pain, cough, and chronic fatigue syndrome in the acute and long-term phase of infection. PTIC is an agonist of LAIR-1 and downregulates STAT-1 phosphorylation. PTIC could be relevant for treating STAT-1-mediated inflammatory diseases, including COVID-19 and long-COVID.
Fucosidosis: Review of a Rare Disease
Authors: Pekdemir Burcu , Bechelany Mikhael , Karav Sercan
Published: December 2024

Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by α-L-fucosidase deficiency following mutation in the FUCA1 gene, in which fucose-bound glycoconjugates accumulate in the lysosomes of different tissues of the body. Fucosidosis is characterized by rapid mental and motor loss, along with growth retardation, coarse facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, telangiectasis or an-giokeratomas, epilepsy, inguinal hernia, and dysostosis multiplex. Patients usually die at an early age. Treatment of fucosidosis is a great challenge, and there is currently no definitive effective treatment. Hematopoietic cell transplantation studies are ongoing in the treatment of fucosidosis. However, early diagnosis of this disease and treatment can be effective. In addition, the body's immune system decreases due to chemotherapy applied after transplantation, leaving the body vulnerable to microbes and infections, and the risk of death is high with this treatment. In another treatment method, gene therapy, the use of retroviral vectors is promising due to their easy inte-gration, high cell efficiency and safety. In another treatment approach, enzyme replacement ther-apy, preclinical studies are ongoing for fucosidosis, but the blood-brain barrier is a major obstacle in lysosomal storage diseases affecting the central nervous system. Early diagnosis is im-portant in fucosidosis, a rare disease, due to the delay in diagnosis of patients identified so far and the rapid progression of the disease. In addition, enzyme replacement therapy, which carries fewer risks, is promising.
Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kuziak Agata , Heczko Piotr Bogumił , Pietrzyk Agata , Strus Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia and a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the nervous system and patients’ cognitive abilities. Current evidence implies that iron dysregulation and bacterial inflammatory factors may be associated with the oral and gut microbiome as critical factors in developing AD. Iron homeostasis disruption may lead to excessive iron accumulation within the cell, forming aggressive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inflammatory agents produced by bacteria can infiltrate the body via two distinct routes: either through the gut or through a two-step process, starting with the oral cavity and proceeding through the bloodstream to the brain, disrupting cell equilibrium within the body's circulation and tissues, leading to neuroinflammation. Personalized treatment plans targeted at the core attributes of AD should be implemented to prevent disease development and progression.
What Happens Inside the Germinating Grain After Microbial Decontamination by Pulsed Electric Field? Data‐Driven Multi‐Omics Helps Find the Answer
Authors: Stranska Milena , Behner Adam , Ovesna Jaroslava , Svoboda Pavel , Hajslova Jana
Published: December 2024

Pulsed electric field (PEF) has previously been recognized as a method of gentle food processing and its use has been shown to be helpful in reducing the levels of toxigenic Fusarium micromycetes developed during malting. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of PEF on gene expression and metabolite production at the pre-finishing stage of barley malting by using a novel multi-omics data-driven approach. The study helps to uncover the processes occurring in the germinated grain, and discusses the up-/downregulation of genes and metabolites in relation with fungal infection and/or PEF-induced abiotic stress. Among the factors upregulated by PEF and previously described as supportive against Fusarium diseases, we identified increased expression of gene encoding vegetative gp1-like protein which positively correlated with flavonoids, (methylsulfanyl)prop-2-enoates, triterpenoid glycosides and indole alkaloids. On the other hand, some genes associated with barley resistance to fungal infection were also overexpressed in the untreated control (in particular genes encoding ethylene response factor 3-like, putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 3-like and dirigent protein 21-like). The study provides the first 'data-driven' basic research results that contribute to the understanding of the role of PEF as an effective fungal decontamination strategy, and allows the formulation of new hypotheses related to Fusarium-pathogen cross-talk.
Low-Carbohydrate (Ketogenic) Diet in Children with Obesity: Part 1 – Diet Impact on Anthropometric Indicators and Indicators of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Paskaleva Ivanka Nikolova , Kaleva Nartsis Nisim , Dimcheva Teodora Dimcheva , Markova Petya Petkova , Ivanov Ivan Stefanov
Published: December 2024

Background: Ketogenic diet has been successfully used in the last 100 years in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. In recent decades, it gained wider application in the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. However, there have been only a few studies on its use in children with obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Objectives: To determine the clinical and metabolic effects of a well-formulated low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet in children with obesity. Methods: One hundred children with obesity and metabolic disorders underwent initial anthropometric, laboratory, and ultrasound examinations. They were placed on a well-formulated ketogenic diet and monitored for 4 months. The 58 patients who completed the study underwent follow-up examinations to assess the effects of the diet on anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory markers of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk factors, and certain hormone levels. Compliance with the diet, common difficulties in adhering to it, side effects, and positive changes in the patients' health were analyzed. Results: At the end of the study, the average weight loss for the entire group was 6.45 kg, with a reduction in BMI of 3.12 kg/m². Significant improvements were also observed in insulin resistance indicators, including fasting insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, QUICKI (P<0.0001), and adiponectin (P=0.04). The cases of hepatosteatosis decreased twofold, the number of patients with arterial hypertension was significantly reduced, as well as the number of children receiving antihypertensive therapy. Additionally, the number of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome decreased threefold. Conclusion: A well-formulated short-term ketogenic diet is effective in treating obesity, metabolic syndrome, and related comorbidities, and can be part of a comprehensive approach for these patients.
Effects of Carbon Materials on Aluminum Hydroxide-Catalyzed Hydrogen Production from Aluminum-Water Reactions
Authors: Yu Chuan-Cheng , Lee Min-Han , Huang Liang-Ying , Chen Ying-Yun , Wang Hong-Wen
Published: December 2024

This study reports on the catalytic enhancement of hydrogen production from aluminum-water reactions facilitated by carbon-modified aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) synthesized using various carbon materials, including graphite, carbon black, and activated carbon black. Comparative analysis revealed that graphite and activated carbon black, in synergy with Al(OH)3, significantly boost hydrogen production rates. The study underscores the pivotal role of carbon material structure and surface properties in reaction efficiency. The results suggest that graphite and activated carbon black assist in the formation of a more active Al(OH)3 catalyst. Long aging time or high concentration of starting precursor result in an inferior catalytic power of Al(OH)3. Notably, a reduced activation energy of the Al/water reaction was obtained when graphite is incorporated with the Al(OH)3 catalyst.
Automated Snow Avalanche Monitoring and Alert System using Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Norway
Authors: Turquet Antoine , Wuestefeld Andreas , Svendsen Guro K. , Nyhammer Finn Kare , Nilsen Espen , Persson Andreas Per-Ola , Refsum Vetle
Published: December 2024

Avalanches present substantial hazard risk in mountainous regions, particularly when avalanches obstruct roads, either hitting vehicles directly or leaving traffic exposed to subsequent avalanches during cycles. Traditional detection methods often are designed to cover only a limited section of a road stretch, hampering effective risk management. This research introduces a novel approach using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for avalanche detection. The monitoring site in Northern Norway is known to be frequently impacted by avalanches. Between 2022-2024, we continuously monitored the road for avalanches blocking the traffic. The automated alert system identifies avalanches affecting the road and estimates accumulated snow. The system provides continuous, real-time monitoring with competitive sensitivity and accuracy over large areas (up to 170 km) and for multiple sites on parallel. DAS powered alert system can work unaffected by visual barriers or adverse weather conditions. The system successfully identified 10 road-impacting avalanches (100\% detection rate). Our results via DAS align with the previous works and indicate that low frequency part of the signal ( < 20 Hz) is crucial for detection and size estimation of avalanche events. Alternative fiber installation methods are evaluated for optimal sensitivity to avalanches. Consequently, this study demonstrates its durability and lower maintenance requirements, especially when compared to the high setup costs and coverage limitations of radar systems, or the weather and lighting vulnerabilities of cameras. Furthermore the system can detect vehicles on the road as important supplemental information for search and rescue operations, and thus the authorities can be alerted, thereby playing a vital role in urgent rescue efforts.
A Scoping Review Of Neurological Manifestations Of Dengue Virus Infection Besides Cerebrovascular Disorders
Authors: Pitton Rissardo Jamir , Byroju Vishnu Vardhan , Fornari Caprara Ana Leticia
Published: December 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant global public health concern, with its burden pre-dominantly felt in tropical and subtropical regions. While commonly associated with febrile ill-ness and systemic complications, neurological manifestations beyond cerebrovascular disorders are increasingly recognized but remain underexplored. This scoping review aims to synthesize the current understanding of non-cerebrovascular neurological manifestations of DENV infec-tion, including encephalitis, encephalopathy, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute dissemi-nated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and neuropathies. A narrative search of peer-reviewed litera-ture was conducted to identify studies reporting clinical presentations, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for these manifestations. Findings suggest that neurological complications often arise from direct viral neuroinvasion, im-mune-mediated mechanisms, or systemic complications such as metabolic disturbances. Key symptoms include altered mental status, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and peripheral nerve involvement. Neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are essential tools for diag-nosis, though challenges remain in differentiating dengue-associated manifestations from other tropical infections. Management is primarily supportive, with corticosteroids and immunomod-ulators employed in immune-mediated conditions. This review underscores the need for height-ened clinical awareness and further research to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes for dengue-related neurological disorders. Understanding these manifestations is cru-cial for reducing morbidity and improving patient care in endemic regions.
Enhancing Oil Recovery in Vertical Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoirs Using Low-Frequency Pulsating Water Injection
Authors: Mwangupili Osmund Edward , Pu Chunsheng
Published: December 2024

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, such as water flooding, often face significant challenges in heterogeneous reservoirs, mainly due to permeability variations that hinder effective oil displacement. This study investigated the impact of pulsating water flooding on oil recovery in reservoirs with vertical heterogeneity, focusing on interlayer and inlayer permeability variations. Laboratory experiments were conducted using cylindrical sand pack models with varying permeability to compare steady-state and pulsating water injection methods. The results demonstrated that pulsating water flooding significantly improved vertical sweep efficiency (VSE) and overall oil recovery, particularly in low-permeability zones. Pulsations helped mobilize trapped oil and redistributed injected water more evenly, mitigating the adverse effects of early water breakthrough and enhancing sweep efficiency. For interlayer heterogeneity, pulsating water injection increased total recovery by 23.2%, 8.9%, and 6.6% for core groups with permeability ranges of 307.9 × 10⁻³ μm², 193.9 × 10⁻³ μm², and 73.25 × 10⁻³ μm², respectively. For inlayer heterogeneity, recovery factors improved by 13.9%, 10.6%, and 3.1%, respectively. Core groups with higher permeability ranges (i.e., larger differences between high and low permeability) experienced lower recovery under steady-state conditions; while pulsating injection mitigated these effects, resulting in higher recovery in more heterogeneous reservoirs than steady-state flooding. These findings suggest that pulsating water flooding is an effective and cost-efficient technique for enhancing oil recovery in heterogeneous reservoirs. It improves short-term and long-term recovery by increasing displacement efficiency, particularly in low-permeability regions, and effectively mitigates the challenges of permeability variations. As such, pulsating water flooding offers a significant improvement over steady-state flooding, providing valuable insights for EOR practices in complex reservoirs.
FSW Optimization: Prediction Using Polynomial Regression and Optimization with Hill Climbing Method
Authors: Myśliwiec Piotr , Szawara Paulina , Kubit Andrzej , Zwolak Marek , Ostrowski Robert , Derazkola Hamed Aghajani , Jurczak Wojciech
Published: December 2024

This study presents the optimization of the friction stir welding (FSW) process using polynomial regression to predict the maximum tensile load (MTL) of welded joints. The experimental design included varying spindle speeds from 600 to 2200 rpm and welding speeds from 100 to 350 mm/min over 28 experimental points. The resulting MTL values ranged from 1912 to 15336 N. A fifth degree polynomial regression model was developed to fit the experimental data. Diagnostic tests, including the Shapiro-Wilk test and kurtosis analysis, indicated a non-normal distribution of the MTL data. Model validation showed that fifth-degree polynomial regression provided a robust fit with high fitted and predicted R² values, indicating strong predictive power. Hill-climbing optimization was used to fine-tune the welding parameters, identifying an optimal spindle speed of 1100 rpm and a welding speed of 332 mm/min, which was predicted to achieve an MTL of 16852 N. Response surface analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the identified parameters and demonstrated their significant influence on the MTL. These results suggest that the applied polynomial regression model and optimization approach are effective tools for improving the performance and reliability of the FSW process.
Localization of Lesions in Autoimmune Blistering Diseases Is Independent of Site-Specific Target Antigen Expression
Authors: Rastegar Lari Tina , Macias Louis , Robrahn Lara , Dikmen Hasan Onur , Pruessmann Jasper N , Kiehne Charlotte , Engster Simon , Weyers Imke , Szymczak Silke , van Beek Nina , Hoffmann Markus H. , Schmidt Enno , Emtenani Shirin
Published: December 2024

Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) involve autoantibodies targeting proteins in the epidermal/epithelial desmosome (pemphigus) or basement membrane zone (pemphigoid).
Despite widespread antigen distribution, lesions exhibit a scattered involvement pattern. This study maps the frequency/severity of AIBD lesions in various body parts and investigates whether differential antigen expression contributes to specific predilection sites.
We analyzed affected sites presenting blisters/erosions, erythematous/urticarial lesions, and mucosal lesions in bullous pemphigoid (BP-cohort 1, n=65; BP-cohort 2, n=119), pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n=67), and pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n=20) patients. To assess antigen expression, we conducted indirect immunofluorescence (IF) staining of 11 AIBD antigens from 13 anatomical sites of 10 body donors without AIBD.
In BP, blisters/erosions and erythematous/urticarial lesions predominantly affected arms and legs, while PV/PF patients exhibited frequent involvement of buccal mucosa and back, respectively. IF staining identified significant regional differences in BP180, BP230, and integrin β4 expression, although these variations did not correlate with a higher lesion frequency/severity. Other antigens showed consistent expression across all regions.
Our findings suggest that predilection sites for BP and PV/PF are largely unaffected by regional variations in antigen expression but may be influenced by factors like microbiota, mechanical stress, sunlight exposure, local immunity, or genetics.
Effect of Copaiba Oil (Copaifera spp.) on Intake Digestibility, Degradability, and Ruminal Variables in Beef Steers
Authors: Bento Anderson , Rocha Raizza , Vedovatto Marcelo , Souza Jocely , Faria Fábio , Ítavo Luís , Moreira Anuzhia , Franco and Gumercindo
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the effect of copaiba oil (COP) or sodium monensin, used as nutritional additives for beef cattle. Five steers cannulated in the rumen were assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square design to the COP treatments: Control - (0 g of COP), 1.25 g COP, 2.50 COP, and 3.75 g COP per kg-1 dry matter (DM) or monensin (concentrate with the addition of 40 mg kg-1 of sodium monensin (DM basis) of total diet. The COP did not affect intake and digestibility. Monensin decreased (P ≤ 0.05) DM and nutrients intake; however, it did not affect digestibility compared to control treatment. Conversely, the monensin supply provided lower (P ≤ 0.05) mean pH values and, increases in the concentrations of N-NH3 and propionate (mmol L-1). The increased propionic acid production resulted in higher (P ≤ 0.05) proportions (mmol 100 mmol-1) of propionate, and reduction in the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate, with a consequent reduction in the acetate:propionate ratio. Copaiba oil in 1.25 to 3.75 g kg-1 does not alter the ruminal metabolism of cattle. However, sodium monensin reduces DM intake and decreases the acetate:propionate ratio in the rumen fluid.