bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Trust Building through Electronic Governance: An Analysis on Electronic Services in Bangladesh
Authors: Doullah Siraj Ud , Uddin Nasir
Published: September 2020

Globally, public trust in their government has gradually been declining.  It is acknowledged that public trust is the sine qua non of good governance. With the advent of the internet, the influence of ICT on society and the dependence of government on ICTs have grown far beyond our expectations. Moreover, electronic governance and trust foster each others: electronic governance promotes trust, and vice-versa. Other ways, the promotion of electronic government can be a way to increase the citizen trust in government and improve citizen evaluations of government. Simultaneously, many government institutions in both developed and developing countries have entered the digital highway and introduced e-service delivery to the citizens. However, there exists a question of trust in e-governance across the globe as the question of the trust in governance is yet to be solved. This paper intends to illustrate the impacts of online services and initiatives that play imperative role in building public trust in government. It is obvious that there is a significant relationship between public trust and use of ICT based service delivery. The study shows that e-government initiatives can enhance public trust by improving interactions and responsiveness and encouraging participatory mechanisms. Therefore, the government of Bangladesh introduced numerous apparatus/avenues of e-services ranging from education and public utilities to law enforcement. Despite positive impacts, building trust in e-governance has also created special challenges within shifting governance contexts.
Transformational Leadership and Psychological Needs of Employees
Authors: Ivana Bojović  , Sandra Stojadinović Jovanović
Published: September 2020

Transformational leadership theory is an essential topic in management research. This style of leadership requires a leader's ability to identify and observe the psychological needs and values of followers, as well as to stimulate work motivation. Transformational leadership is characterized by four groups of factors: individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and charisma or idealized influence. The role of a transformational leader is motivational in nature. Within the theory of self-determination, the authors emphasize the importance of the basic psychological need for relatedness with others, the feeling of personal competence and autonomy in performing a given behavior. Recent research has shown that perceived transformational leadership contributes to meeting the basic psychological needs of employees. Satisfying each of these needs directly impacts positive outcomes and achievement of organizational goals. The most commonly reported positive outcomes include trust of employees in the organization, positive feedback from managers, belief in one’s own ability to contribute to the organization, recognizing opportunities for progress, feeling of security, job satisfaction and a high level of enthusiasm for work. Transformational leadership facilitates the adoption of common motivational principles in the organization, empowers managers and gains the support of followers in their efforts to build a strong and stable organizational culture.
Susan Glaspell’s "Trifles": A Suggested Lesson Plan
Authors: Dohal Gassim
Published: September 2020

While teaching, a plan will enable a teacher to present his lesson in a smooth way.  Being familiar with the text you intend to teach is not enough.  As an experienced teacher, I introduce this plan as a model that might be adopted and modified according to the surrounding circumstances a teacher may find her/himself in.  A lot of things may interfere in and cause some changes such as time limit, number of students, their level, etc.  Hence, instead of leaving all things for luck and chances, I propose this lesson plan, hoping that colleagues and readers ponder it and consider using it.
Characteristics of pre-school children’s creative activity
Authors: Kotelianets Natalka , Yuliia Kotelianets
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the problem of preschool children’ formation of the creative activity. The author understands creative activity as integrative, qualitative characteristic of personality, which includes a complex of motivational, creative, volitional components. According to the selected indicators, a diagnostic methodology for the three main blocks was constructed. All indicators were evaluated by a 3-point system, in which each score expressed the content of the existing level of formation of diagnosed indicators. Four levels of creative activity of older preschool children are distinguished: high (creative), middle (research), below average (imitative), low (performing). It is established that the most unformed components of creative activity in preschool age are creative and volitional. It is substantiated that development of speed, flexibility and originality of thinking, as well as stimulation of children’s initiative and independence will allow to increase the level of creative activity.
African Indigenous Vegetables Production and Consumption Behavior of Farmers in Zambia: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Arumugam Surendran , Govindasamy Ramu , E. Simon James , Wyk Emil Van , Chali Kenneth , Mbewe Mwangala , Siziya Inonge , Weller Steve , K. Morin Xenia
Published: September 2020

African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) have recently received wide attention for their contribution toward food and nutrition security. Promoting the production and consumption of AIVs is likely to mitigate food insecurity and alleviate malnutrition in the African region. To document and analyze existing patterns of AIV production in Zambia, farmers were surveyed in person using a structured questionnaire. A total of 300 farmers were selected from Lusaka (50), Katete (50), Chipata (75), Lundazi (75), and Petauke (75). Analysis of the survey results using logit model identified that those who farm less than 10 acres of farming land, were concerned about nutrition quality of AIVs, reported that price of farm produce is fixed by buyers, were registered as a member of any community group or association, received training related to nutrition and health, saved money for unexpected expenses, and were single are more likely than other farmers to produce AIVs for home consumption. Whereas, those who visited the nearest market two times or more, traded agricultural produce through intermediaries, owned a TV, earned an income above 30,000 kwacha and has a University degree are less likely to produce AIVs for home consumption. These results indicate that interventions aimed at increasing AIV production for home consumption should target specific groups of farmers rather than all farmers. This survey also captures the most common AIVs that are grown in these regions in Zambia: Sweet potato leaves, amaranth and orange sweet potato.
Holiday Advertising in the Borderland: The Specificity of Perception in Latgale Region (Latvia) and Pskov Region (Russia)
Authors: Kovzele Oksana
Published: September 2020

Holiday advertising is a rather topical object of research that nowadays attracts attention of specialists in various branches opening new perspectives of investigating this phenomenon. One of them is the analysis of the specificity of functioning and perception of holiday advertising in various European and world countries including a comparative perspective of the border zone. The present paper reveals the specificity of the perception of holiday advertising by the example of the south-eastern region of Latvia – Latgale (the major object of the research) and Pskov region that is a part of the north-western federal province of Russia (the minor object of the research) on the basis of interviews carried out in 2018 with the participation of 906 residents of this border area. During the survey, respondents had an opportunity to express their opinion on holiday advertising in general as well as note the positive and negative impacts on a common present-day consumer. Processing of the survey data leads to the conclusion that the notion of holiday advertising in Latgale has been generally crystallized as it is rather often used in daily life, including for the selection of gifts for festive occasions, whereas in Pskov region there is no unified opinion on the essence and significance of holiday advertising yet as, in the respondents’ opinion, its potential is not used to a full extent.
Effects of decision making styles on entrepreneurship skills
Authors: Yener Huseyin
Published: September 2020

Entrepreneurship usually has a highly ambiguous atmosphere, and so needs a variety of skills. This study explores the relationships between entrepreneurial skills and decision making styles. In the study relational screening model was used and the study group consisted of 30 students of a private university in Istanbul, Turkey. Two questionnaires which were a 25-item entrepreneurship questionnaire and a 22-item Melbourne decision making questionnaire applied to sample group. Descriptive statistics and all the other tests were conducted by using SPSS version 26 to examine the extent of involvement, significance, direction and degree of the relationships. The results indicated a positive low-level (r = 0.374) relationship between entrepreneurship skill and vigilance type of decision making style. Surprisingly, negative low level of relationships (r = -0.123 and r = -0.244, p <0.05) were found among entrepreneurship skills, hypervigilance and procrastination styles. No significant interaction with buck passing type of decision making style was found. It was found that parental education/job status and entrepreneurship history of family have no effect on entrepreneurship skills. This result supported the idea that entrepreneurship is a learnable skill rather than an innate skill. It is recommended to include active teaching programs for the development both of skills.
The Effect Of Project Based Learning Model Combined With Snake And Ladder Media To Fifth Graders’ Learning Activity And Outcomes In Social Studies
Authors: Catur Agustina Candra Dewi  , Yatim Riyanto  , Suhanadji
Published: September 2020

The present study aims to determine the effect of the project based learning model with snake and ladder media to fifth graders’ learning activity and outcome in social studies. The material covered was the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. The research method used was a quasi-experimental with non-equivalent (pretest and posttest) control group design. The research respondents consisted of 36 students. Data were collected through observation and tests. The research instrument used was observation sheet containing students’ learning activities and a test of learning outcomes that had been validated by experts. Independent samples t-test was used for hypothesis testing. The students’ activity and learning outcomes improvement were determined by the results of the N-gain test. The results showed an increase in activity and learning outcomes in both classes. The experimental class performed higher activity and learning outcomes than the control class. This shows that project based learning model with snake ladder media had a positive effect primary 5 students’ activities and learning outcomes in social studies learning.
Ethical and Legal Manifestations of Informed Consent
Authors: Kalina Peter
Published: September 2020

Informed consent to medical or surgical treatment, or "permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences” is an important, and sometimes contentious and controversial component of clinical practice.  From an ethical, legal and philosophical perspective; informed consent has significant implications for health care providers. The three principal elements of informed consent are 1) thorough presentation of information, 2) patient’s capacity to comprehend (competence), 3) patient’s voluntary willingness to undergo or refuse treatment.  The history of informed consent is highlighted by precedent-setting legal cases, the atrocities of World War II and subsequent 1947 Nuremberg Trials and, current HIPAA regulations and guidelines.  Informed consent involves shared decision-making between provider and patient.  Including patients acknowledges and safeguards patient autonomy such that health care decisions are made based on respecting individual preferences, goals, values, beliefs, objectives, and desires.  Providers act as advocates for patients' rights.  These are fundamental premises of today’s patient-centered care.
The impact of public expenditures on economic growth of the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Nikoloski Aleksandar
Published: September 2020

Ensuring high and sustainable economic growth is one of the main tasks of public spending policy. In fact, public expenditure plays an important role in the formation of physical and human capital over time. If are properly targeted, they can stimulate economic growth even in the short term, when limited infrastructure of (unskilled) workforce is a barrier to increased production. Therefore, the realized impact of public expenditures on economic growth can be considered as an indicator of their effectiveness.

The goal of public expenditure is to increase economic growth by providing more employment opportunities, increasing people's income and living standards. Therefore, if they are well-managed, they can lead to the desired level of economic growth and improvement of the living standard of the population.
Impact of Covid-19 on Oman's Construction Industry
Authors: Al Amri Tariq , Marey-Pérez Manuel
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that changed the global economic perspective. The ongoing pandemic is indeed the major cause of project delays in the Middle East. A severe impact is being taken place in all industries. Therefore, this research covers the construction industry of Oman, the Impact of COVID-19 on the construction industry; the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic; the impact of global impact, and the prospects of Oman's economy. The study covers the impact of COVID-19 on global and regional economies. The construction industry and its economic prospects are also discussed in the global pandemic of COVID-19. The secondary research critically insight the impact of coronavirus along with the construction business dimensions of Oman’s construction industry.
Focus Group Discussions E-Learning based on Prior Knowledge and Problems in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period
Authors: Yunia Mulyani Azis  , Nurul Fatimah
Published: September 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic forced many campuses around the world to close. In Indonesia, the closure of the campus began in mid-March 2020. The closure of the campus for a long time will harm students. To prevent this, the Indonesian government encourages campuses to hold online lectures or E-Learning. One of the campuses implementing E-Learning is STIE Ekuitas Bandung. The change from traditional lectures to E-Learning is not as easy as the theory. There are technological limitations, especially connections that cause students to have problems when forced to attend college in the form of video streaming. Besides, the economic recession caused by the pandemic is also another obstacle. On the other hand, most lecturers do not know how to give lectures effectively via the web, because they cannot get feedback from students. One solution we propose in this paper is to revive group discussions on school E-Learning sites. Using the student's Prior knowledge about E-Learning as a parameter, we conclude that the learning design provided in e-learning has to be slower compared to face-to-face learning with the aim that respondents have time to read, understand and finally understand with their efforts.
Modeling and Forecasting Infections, Fatalities and Recoveries from COVID-19 pandemic in SSA: A case of the 10 hotspot in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Momodou Mustapha Fanneh  , Mustapha Jobarteh  , John T. Mendy  , Amadou Jawo
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to model COVID 19 infections and fatalities and how the growth paradigm of the continent will shift overtime. The study used epidemiological data of countries and two mathematical models, i.e., Logistic model growth model and modified growth model to predict number of patients (infections), number of deaths and number of recoveries from COVID-19 in the continent. In this study, it is showed that with the current state of the spread of the COVID19, it is projected that the number of infections will reach 141,733 in the next 30 days and 986,059 patients in the next 60 days. Also, 12,972 will die in the next 30 days and 151,190 in the next 60 days and 73,590 will recover in the next 30 days and 490,547 in the next 60 days. These estimates will help countries to strengthen their policies towards COVID-19 such as lockdown, social distancing, wearing of face masks, washing of hands with water and soap and using hand sanitizers.
Thinking and rethinking the child protection system. Mentoring, an unexplored enough resource
Authors: Mihaela Tomita  , Roxana Ungureanu
Published: September 2020

Site-based youth mentoring programs provide a unique context for positive youth development. Conceptually, youth derive benefit not only from the mentor alliance (i.e., youths’ feelings of compatibility with the mentor and satisfaction with the mentoring relationship), but also from their sense of belonging within the program. This paper is based on an international Erasmus + project, titled Now What?: Preparing and Empowering Youth Leaving Care Now What?: Preparing and Empowering Youth Leaving Care, implemented in four European countries (Albania, Greece, Portugal and Romania). One of the major components on the project was to develop a mentoring protocol which was applied in all four countries in the partnership. The results shown us, as anticipated, youth in the high mentor alliance-high belonging group described contributive experiences consistent with high-quality mentor characteristics (e.g., empathy, acceptance) and high-quality settings (e.g., positive social norms, support for efficacy and mattering). In contrast, youth in the low mentor alliance-low belonging group described mentors who were insensitive and noted difficulty connecting with peers.
Diaspora Causatum: Enhancing Defense Diplomacy Through Alterations in Citizenship Laws
Authors: Ronny Shabrina Amelia , Helda Risman  , Waluyo Surryanto Djoko
Published: September 2020

The paper aims to analyze how diasporas across the globe can become potential elements in enhancing their home country's national interest. Through social aspects such as citizenship laws, engaging diasporas can be one way to broaden a state’s resources in its defense system. Comparative analysis and assessment are used to elaborate on how various countries – which possess a large number of diasporic communities along with comprehensive law systems that regulate its citizenship issues – are reflected upon and proposed for a modified model within Indonesia's scope. The paper concludes that modification of the Indonesian citizenship law in accordance with the government's strategic Defense Diplomacy is an effective way of enhancing sustainable ties with other countries. This research can be used within the government to consider diasporas as elements of national power. Other areas of study, such as defense studies and security studies, may also benefit. This research offers a unique way in altering Confidence Building Measure (CBM) mechanisms in the scope of Defense Diplomacy Studies that will enhance good relations and comprehensively establish synergies between public diplomacy and defense diplomacy en bloc.
Lean and Agile Project Management and the Challenges for its Implementation in SMEs in Czech Republic
Authors: Róbert Modranský  , Jakabová Silvia , Michal Hanák  , Albert Oláh
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibilities, challenges and benefits of implementing Lean & agile project management in manufacturing SMEs. Lean & agile project management methods were originally developed for the software development industry, where they have revolutionized the way projects are managed. In the last decade, practitioners outside software development industry have started to realize the potential and benefits of implementing the agile approach. However, there are still only a few researches devoted to agile hardware development, and even fewer on the possibilities of its implementation in SMEs. By conducting a case study in the only manufacturing SMEs that has successfully implemented Scrum, analysing internal company’s documents and interviewing several employees and top managers from different sectors, who participated in the projects where Scrum was implemented, the lessons this organization has learned and that could be beneficial for both researchers and practitioners, are reported. The findings from this research show that although some adaptions of the Scrum framework were required, the applicability of the Scrum in this manufacturing SME was possible and beneficial.
Quality costs of machine-building enterprises in Ukraine: a control mechanism
Authors: Olga Maslak  , Natalya Grishko  , Mariya Maslak  , Skliar Maksym
Published: September 2020

This article deals with the mechanism of quality costs management of machine-building enterprises and the assessment of the impact of these costs on the economic performance of enterprises. The analysis of literature sources on the issue of quality costs analysis has helped to identify the need to determine the determinants of quality cost items for machine-building enterprises, especially within Ukraine. The authors select national machine-building enterprises for the research. The researchers analyze the impact of the cost of sales and other types of costs on the net income from the sale of products, which is the basis for the formation of the enterprise's profits. To identify the determining quality cost items, the researchers investigate the effect of the quality cost items on the cost of sales. The article deals with making mathematical models for the studied enterprises, as well as the algorithm for performing the analysis. The results of the study indicate the impact of the cost of sales on the net income from the sale of products of enterprises, which is the most significant factor among the studied ones. The results also indicate the significant impact of certain quality cost items on the cost of sales. The results of this study can be applied at the practical level in the analysis and management of quality costs of machine-building enterprises and other industries.
Family Communication Patterns and Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: Experiences from Coastal Communities in Ghana
Authors: Adzovie Rita Holm , Adzovie Daniel Edem
Published: September 2020

A good understanding of human growth and development helps in the smooth transition of an individual from one stage to another. One of such stages is adolescence, which presents a lot of challenges as well as opportunities. There are differences in the extent to which families encourage conversation, the extent to which they demand conformity to family values as well as the extent to which families pass down strongly held family values from one generation to another, regarding changes that occur during adolescence. The study examines Parent-Child Communication Patterns between parents and adolescents in coastal communities in Ghana. Also, the study explored the effects of parent-child communication related to sexual and reproductive health in improving adolescent sexual reproductive health practices in Ghana. Data was collected from 300 adolescents in selected coastal communities within the Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana. We found that many parents in the coastal communities within the Cape Coast Metropolis are unable to transmit SRH information to their children. The findings also revealed that level of formal education influenced parents’ ability to transmit SRH information to adolescents and exposes poor parent-adolescent relationship regarding SRH information in the communities studied. Aside from contributing to literature and informing policy directions on family communication patterns regarding adolescent SRH, the study brings more insight on how parents and their adolescents along coastal communities in Cape Coast, Ghana communicate SRH issues. Implications for counselling are outlined.
Typology and Grammatical Alignment of Angkola Language
Authors: Siregar Elitaria Bestri , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: September 2020

This study uses the theory of language typology by Comrie (1988). This research on grammatical alliance of Angkola language (AL) aims to understand (1) the basic construction of clause, (2) the construction of complex sentence, (3) the pivot system, and (4) the grammatical alliance system. The method used is participant-observation. Pivot test revelas that Angkola language syntactically treats S equals to A, and gives different treatment to P (S` = `A` ≠ P). Angkola language grammatically has an S/A pivot. It can be concluded that AL has a tendency as an accusative language.
Role of Social Media Sites in Improving and Developing the Educational Process in Secondary Schools in Jordan
Authors: Bani Irshaid Muhammad Noor
Published: September 2020

This study aims to learn about the role of social media sites in improving and developing the educational process in secondary schools in Jordan, the descriptive analytical method was used to suit the nature of the study, and the questionnaire was used as a tool for study, and the sample of the study consisted of (50) of teachers working in secondary schools in Jordan. The results of the study found that high degree and statistical significance for the role of social networking sites in developing and improving the educational process in secondary schools. The study recommends that Holding seminars and meetings to publicize the importance of social networking sites in the educational process, and ways to use them safely and correctly, and Provide training courses for teachers to inform them of how to use social media sites and their tools and applications in the educational process.
Cultural differences in the response conduct to personality inventories
Authors: Claudia Sălceanu  , Sandu Mihaela Luminita , Cosmina Georgiana Olteanu
Published: September 2020

Response styles in psychological assessment and research have been identified as an important threat to the validity of the research and to the level of confidence that a research may have. This can represent a problem namely in an intercultural research, due to the fact that individuals from different cultures may use different response scales in different ways. A sample of 90 participants, 45 Romanian and 45 Korean, aged between 28 and 55 years of age, have been assessed with The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and with California Personality Inventory (CPI). The main objective was to identify significant cultural differences regarding the response conduits of the participants. Based on this objective we emitted the following hypotheses: (1) we presume there are significant differences in social desirability regarding self-control between Romanian and Korean subjects; (2) we presume there are significant differences in the Lie Scale regarding responsibility and the level of study of the participants; (3) we presume there are significant differences between self-image management between Romanian and Korean subjects; (4) we presume there are significant differences between social conformism between Romanian and Korean subjects. All hypotheses were confirmed. Results are discussed based on the importance of the cultural factor in human behaviour.
The Feminist Voice in Chopin’s “The Awakening” & Atwood’s “The Edible Woman”
Authors: Hussein Ahmed
Published: September 2020

This research paper intends to study Kate Chopin’s The Awakening and Margret Atwood’s The Edible Woman. These two novels demonstrate women’s defiance to the society and their struggle to obtain the freedom they desire. Both works strive to depict the female plight towards the quest of independence and fair share in a society ruled and dictated by patriarchy. The paper highlights how the notion of feminism is similar or otherwise different as presented in both works. The paper attempts to demonstrate that the structure and the elements of both works stress and affirm the feminist voice each work strives to make it heard in a world generally suffocating these voices.
Statistical literacy of Slovak lower secondary school students
Authors: Jurečková Mária , Lucia Csachová
Published: September 2020

The article is focused on monitoring the level of statistical literacy of 9th grade students at lower secondary schools in the Slovak Republic. The results of several years testing of students were used for this purpose. During the reporting period, more than 50 000 pupils from all over Slovakia participated in the testing. In addition to quantitative data analysis, attention is also paid to qualitative analysis of the problems in the field of statistics that were difficult for students. The article presents a part of the results of the research focused on the analysis of critical points in school mathematics.
Comparing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) volatility distributions derived from isothermal SOA particle evaporation data and FIGAERO–CIMS measurements
Authors: Tikkanen Olli-Pekka , Buchholz Angela , Ylisirniö Arttu , Schobesberger Siegfried , Virtanen Annele , Yli-Juuti Taina
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The volatility distribution of the organic compounds present in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at different conditions is a key quantity that has
to be captured in order to describe SOA dynamics accurately. The development of the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) and its coupling to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS; collectively FIGAERO–CIMS) has enabled near-simultaneous sampling of the gas and particle phases of SOA through thermal desorption of the particles. The thermal desorption data have been recently shown to be interpretable as a volatility distribution with the use of the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. Similarly, volatility distributions can be inferred from isothermal particle evaporation experiments when the particle size change measurements are analyzed with process-modeling techniques. In this study, we compare the volatility distributions that are retrieved from FIGAERO–CIMS and particle size change measurements during isothermal particle evaporation with process-modeling techniques. We compare the volatility distributions at two different relative humidities (RHs) and two oxidation conditions. In high-RH conditions, where particles are in a liquid state, we show that the volatility distributions derived via the two ways are similar within a reasonable assumption of uncertainty in the effective saturation mass concentrations that are derived from FIGAERO–CIMS data. In dry conditions, we demonstrate that the volatility distributions are comparable in one oxidation condition, and in the other oxidation condition, the volatility distribution derived from the PMF analysis shows considerably more high-volatility matter than the volatility distribution inferred from particle size change measurements. We also show that the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher equation together with a recent glass transition temperature parametrization for organic
compounds and PMF-derived volatility distribution estimates are consistent with the observed isothermal evaporation under dry conditions within the reported uncertainties. We conclude that the FIGAERO–CIMS measurements analyzed with the PMF method are a promising method for inferring the volatility distribution of organic compounds, but care has to be taken when the PMF factors are analyzed. Future process-modeling studies about SOA dynamics and properties could benefit from simultaneous FIGAERO–CIMS measurements.
Evolution of NO3 reactivity during the oxidation of isoprene
Authors: Dewald Patrick , Liebmann Jonathan M. , Friedrich Nils , Shenolikar Justin , Schuladen Jan , Rohrer Franz , Reimer David , Tillmann Ralf , Novelli Anna , Cho Changmin , Xu Kangming , Holzinger Rupert , Bernard François , Zhou Li , Mellouki Wahid , Brown Steven S. , Fuchs Hendrik , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In a series of experiments in an atmospheric simulation
chamber (SAPHIR,1 Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany), NO3 reactivity
(kNO3) resulting from the reaction of NO3 with isoprene and
stable trace gases formed as products was measured directly using a
flow tube reactor coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer (FT-CRDS). The
experiments were carried out in both dry and humid air with variation of the
initial mixing ratios of ozone (50–100 ppbv), isoprene (3–22 ppbv) and
NO2 (5–30 ppbv). kNO3 was in excellent agreement with
values calculated from the isoprene mixing ratio and the rate coefficient
for the reaction of NO3 with isoprene. This result serves to
confirm that the FT-CRDS returns accurate values of kNO3 even at
elevated NO2 concentrations and to show that reactions of NO3 with
stable reaction products like non-radical organic nitrates do not contribute
significantly to NO3 reactivity during the oxidation of isoprene. A
comparison of kNO3 with NO3 reactivities calculated
from NO3 mixing ratios and NO3 production rates suggests that
organic peroxy radicals and HO2 account for ∼50 % of
NO3 losses. This contradicts predictions based on numerical simulations
using the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM version 3.3.1) unless the rate
coefficient for reaction between NO3 and isoprene-derived RO2 is
roughly doubled to ∼5×10-12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1.
Real-time measurement of radionuclide concentrations and its impact on inverse modeling of 106Ru release in the fall of 2017
Authors: Tichý Ondřej , Hýža Miroslav , Šmídl Václav
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Abstract Low concentrations of 106Ru were detected across Europe at the turn of September and October 2017. The origin of 106Ru has still not been confirmed; however, current studies agree that the release occurred probably near Mayak in the southern Urals. The source reconstructions are mostly based on an analysis of concentration measurements coupled with an atmospheric transport model. Since reasonable temporal resolution of concentration measurements is crucial for proper source term reconstruction, the standard one week sampling interval could be limiting. In this paper, we present an investigation of the usability of the newly developed AMARA and CEGAM real-time monitoring systems, which are based on the gamma-ray counting of aerosol filters. These high resolution data were used for inverse modeling of the 106Ru release. We perform backward runs of the Hysplit atmospheric transport model driven with meteorological data from the global forecast system (GFS) and we construct a source-receptor sensitivity (SRS) matrix for each grid cell of our domain. Then, we use our least-squares with adaptive prior covariance (LS-APC) method to estimate possible locations of the release and the source term of the release. On Czech monitoring data, the use of concentration measurements from the standard regime and from the real-time regime is compared and better source reconstruction for the real-time data is demonstrated in the sense of the location of the source and also the temporal resolution of the source. The estimated release location, Mayak, and the total estimated source term, 237 ± 107 TBq, are in agreement with previous studies. Finally, the results based on the Czech monitoring data are validated with the IAEA reported dataset with a much better spatial resolution, and the agreement between the IAEA dataset and our reconstruction is demonstrated.
Effects of Multi-Charge on Aerosol Hygroscopicity Measurement by HTDMA
Authors: Shen Chuanyang , Zhao Gang , Zhao Chunsheng
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Humidified Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA) is widely used to obtain the hygroscopic properties of submicron particles. Aerosol size-resolved hygroscopicity parameter κ measured by HTDMA will be influenced by the contribution of multiply charged aerosols, and this effect has seldom been discussed in previous field measurements. Our calculation demonstrates that the number ratio of multiply charged particles is quite considerable for some specific sizes between 100 nm and 300 nm, especially during the polluted episode. The multi charges will further lead to the shrinking effect of aerosol hygroscopicity in HTDMA measurements. Therefore, we propose a new algorithm to do the multi-charge correction for the size-resolved hygroscopicity κ considering both the shrinking effect and multi-charge number contribution. The application in field measurements shows that the relatively high hygroscopicity in the accumulation size range will lead to the overestimation of the particle's hygroscopicity smaller than 200 nm. The low hygroscopicity in coarse mode particles will lead to the underestimation of accumulation particles between 200 nm and 500 nm. The difference between corrected and measured κ can reach as large as 0.05, highlighting that special attention needs to be paid to the multi-charge effect when the HTDMA is used for the aerosol hygroscopicity measurement.
Hacia una metodología para el estudio de la entonación prelingüística en la lectura
Authors: Recio-Pineda Sara
Published: September 2020

En este artículo, ofrecemos una propuesta metodológica que fue pilotada en 2017 y se mostró eficaz para explorar las relaciones entre las estrategias prosódicas de descodificación textual de 72 lectores noveles y su nivel de comprensión lectora. Tradicionalmente, la prosodia en la lectura se ha estudiado desde parámetros como la cantidad de pausas y/o la calidad de los grupos sintácticos que codifica un lector. A veces, la bibliografía se ha centrado en explorar los porcentajes de descenso tonal al final de enunciados aislados. Nuestra propuesta metodológica permite estudiar la entonación prelingüística de los lectores (modo de organizar fónicamente el discurso leído) desde parámetros puramente fónicos y suprasegmentales y tiene la ventaja de ser aplicable a la lectura de cualquier texto, en cualquier lengua no tonal y con muestras muy amplias de informantes.
Stay In Love: The Musical Life of Minnie Riperton
Authors: Cohen Aaron
Published: September 2020

This article describes and appreciates soul singer Minnie Riperton (1947–1979). Along with looking at her work, including early groups in Chicago in the 1960s and solo stardom in the 1970s, it argues that her singular vocal technique also contained a community-minded spirit.
Angelenos’ Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors in Advance of LA 2028
Authors: Kellison Timothy , McCullough Brian P.
Published: September 2020

In the past twenty-five years, Olympic host cities have increasingly focused their attention on environmental issues. Given the growing emphasis on environmental sustainability across sport, the purpose of this project was to examine the environmental attitudes and behaviors of residents in Los Angeles, the host city of the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Using survey research methods to explore local attitudes toward sustainability initiatives, the results indicated Angelenos broadly support sustainability practices in general and those specific to sport, but that they are largely unaware of existing pro-environmental practices and initiatives. By establishing a baseline of residents’ environmental attitudes and behaviors, the results of this study can be used to inform policy and governance in future Olympic cities seeking to design and deliver an event with a lasting positive impact on the community and a positive environmental legacy.
Sanctioned Violence: Dealing (with) Death in Ancient Greek Athletics
Authors: Lunt David J.
Published: September 2020

In ancient Greek society, the killing of an athlete in a combat sport during athletic competition presented a problematic situation. On the one hand, an unnatural death required legal inquiries and proceedings to assess blame and damages, and to ward off religious pollution, or miasma. On the other, athletes who demonstrated such a degree of power and might that they could kill an opponent with their bare hands deserved recognition and acclamation as successors to the heroic tradition. This legal quandary epitomizes the tension in Classical Greece between the individual as aspirant to heroic status, and the individual as adherent to the norms that sustained the community. In an effort to negotiate this predicament, ancient Athenian laws specifically addressed involuntary athletic manslaughter, and Panhellenic judges employed legalistic technicalities to disqualify powerful but murderous athletes from receiving the fruits of their victories.
“Big or Not at All”: Two American Counter-Olympic Events of 1936
Authors: Witherspoon Kevin B.
Published: September 2020

Historians have written a great deal about the 1936 Berlin Olympics and its many controversies, especially the boycott movement. Little attention has been paid to what happened to those counter-Olympic efforts in the aftermath of the boycott movement. This article discusses two counter-Olympic festivals in the United States in the summer of 1936. The Workers’ Olympiad in Cleveland, Ohio, a modest affair organized by a local Czech gymnastics society over the Fourth of July weekend, was a noteworthy event within the Czech American community but faced too much competition from other higher-profile athletic events to make a significant national impact. The World Labor Athletic Carnival, organized by Jewish labor leaders in New York City, attracted a number of Olympic-caliber athletes but struggled to mount a legitimate challenge to the Berlin Games. The shortcomings of these counter-Olympic efforts suggest some of the failings of workers’ sport in the United States more generally.
Neoliberalismo e sofrimento psíquico: a psiquiatrização dos padecimentos no âmbito laboral e escolar
Authors: Caponi Sandra , Kozuchovski Daré Patricia
Published: September 2020

O neoliberalismo é um espaço de produção de subjetividade cujo eixo é a noção de capital humano. Considerando-se que, para o discurso neoliberal, a construção desse capital humano deve ter início na primeira infância, mostramos que, nesse contexto, a educação é entendida como um investimento destinado a hierarquizar e valorizar esse capital. Partindo dos trabalhos de Dardot e Laval, propomos estudar o impacto efetivo que esse modo neoliberal de entender educação tem no âmbito escolar, sublinhando seu vínculo com a proliferação de diagnósticos psiquiátricos na infância. Finalmente, analisamos de que modo esse processo de psiquiatrização dos sofrimentos psíquicos, e de apagamento de fatores e conflitos sociais, impacta na saúde mental das crianças quando elas fracassam no processo educativo.
Entre o homo oeconomicus e o homo criminalis: neoliberalismo, punição e regimes de subjetivação
Authors: Altheman Eduardo , Martins Alexandre , Camargos Pedro
Published: September 2020

O artigo trata dos processos de subjetivação neoliberal na seara da punição e criminalização. Reconstruímos, primeiramente, o argumento de M. Foucault referente às mutações promovidas pelo neoliberalismo no âmbito da punição e de sua modalidade de subjetivação correlata. Argumentamos que seu prognóstico a respeito do destino das instituições normalizadoras, como a prisão, mostrou-se, em parte, historicamente equivocado. Passamos, então, a explorar o argumento central do artigo, a saber, que, nas últimas três décadas, as tecnologias políticas e as formas de subjetivação na esfera da punição foram marcadas por um apoio recíproco entre mecanismos neoliberais e outros disciplinares e soberanos. Para tal, realizamos uma discussão teórico-analítica amparada em exemplos empíricos colhidos de polícias e tribunais de países como Estados Unidos e Brasil. Visamos a contribuir, a partir da sociologia da punição, com a discussão contemporânea a respeito da confluência entre neoliberalismo e autoritarismo.
O jeitão neoliberal no Brasil: compêndio sobre o caráter nacional e a racionalidade neoliberal a partir de Francisco de Oliveira
Authors: Carlo Josnei Di
Published: September 2020

Enquanto doutrina, o neoliberalismo ganha seus primeiros contornos nos anos 1930. Na mesma época, intelectuais brasileiros estudavam a formação social do Brasil objetivando compreender sua identidade. De um lado, a criação de um modelo teórico válido universalmente. De outro, a preocupação de compreender a especificidade histórica de um país no mundo. A partir dos anos 1980, a cartilha neoliberal começa a ser seguida por diversos países. No Brasil, há décadas o ensaísmo era rechaçado pelas Ciências Sociais por sua pouca objetividade, em função de se voltar para o caráter de uma sociedade. Tornando-se hegemônico na passagem do século XX para o XXI, o neoliberalismo passou a ser compreendido também como uma racionalidade, por organizar a vida social. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a obra de Francisco de Oliveira após o Plano Real (1994) para demonstrar que ele mobilizou o ensaísmo para destacar que as políticas neoliberais organizam a vida social através do caráter nacional
Abrindo caixas-pretas: contribuições metodológicas de Jon Elster às ciências sociais
Authors: Venturelli Gustavo
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar ao leitor o que consideramos as principais contribuições de Jon Elster ao plano metodológico das ciências sociais. Dada a complexidade e extensão da obra do autor, trata-se de um texto introdutório. O conceito destacado pelo autor para que as ciências sociais produzam teorias com maior poder explicativo é o de mecanismos. Antes de encontrar a síntese metodológica de Elster, o artigo passa por algumas ideias fundamentais para compreendermos o posicionamento do autor. Assim, aborda-se de forma breve as ideias gerais do individualismo metodológico; da teoria da escolha racional; da explicação causal; para, por fim, dedicar-se ao conceito de mecanismo, apresentando definições, exemplos, uma tipologia, suas principais contribuições para as ciências sociais e algumas limitações. De forma geral, a ideia de mecanismos causais parece bastante profícua e operacionalizável em pesquisas da área das ciências sociais. Entretanto, apesar do alto nível de sofisticação, o conceito apresenta também limitações, como veremos nas conclusões do artigo.
Processos deliberativos em políticas sociais: uma análise da efetividade institucional de conselhos gestores a partir da percepção de seus conselheiros
Authors: Silva Sandro Pereira
Published: September 2020

Este trabalhou buscou situar as relações entre Estado e sociedade civil no contexto atual da democracia brasileira em termos da emergência de novas temáticas de política social na agenda governamental, com foco nos mecanismos instituídos para garantir a interface socioestatal nessas áreas. Analisou-se a percepção dos conselheiros que integram o Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar, o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável e o Conselho Nacional de Economia Solidária sobre diferentes dimensões de seu funcionamento, no intuito de compreender sua dinâmica, estrutura e efetividade (interna e externa). A partir da sistematização das respostas, foi possível traçar as percepções desses representantes acerca da atuação, avaliação do funcionamento e influência dos conselhos abordados na estrutura decisória governamental. Os resultados permitem inferir que a sociedade civil valoriza e se empenha na consolidação de mecanismos de democracia participativa, como no caso dos conselhos de políticas públicas. No entanto, o caráter deliberativo desses conselhos e a falta de instrumentos normativos que garantam um maior poder de influência de suas deliberações nos processos decisórios são obstáculos reais que fragilizam o potencial de proposição e construção de projetos inovadores em cada área na qual estão vinculados.