bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dobbeltdiagnosepatienters møde med det psykiatriske behandlingssystem
Authors: Johansen Katrine Schepelern , Busch Sidsel , Jeppesen Pernille Pinderup , Mårtensson Solvej , Larsen Jonathan Led
Published: November 2018

I denne artikel præsenterer vi en interviewundersøgelse med 17 dobbeltdiagnosepatienter (patienter der både har et misbrug og en anden psykiatrisk lidelse), der beskriver deres erfaringer med at blive afvist eller behandlet dårligt i mødet med det psykiatriske behandlingssystem. På baggrund af en indholdsanalyse af patienternes fortællinger har vi identificeret tre forskellige svar på, hvorfor patienterne bliver mødt på denne måde. For det første fordi stofmisbrug generelt i samfundet bliver omfattet af stigmatisering, og at det også gælder personalet på de psykiatriske afdelinger. For det andet fordi patienterne ikke lever op til rollen som rigtige patienter – bl.a. fordi de fortsætter med at misbruge, når de kommer i psykiatrisk behandling. Og for det tredje fordi psykiatrien arbejder med en forståelse af psykisk sygdom – som værende præcist afgrænsede sygdomsenheder – der vanskeliggør behandlingen af komplekse lidelser som dobbeltdiagnose. Som afsluttende perspektivering peger vi på de ønsker, som patienterne selv har til det psykiatriske behandlingssystem, nemlig at blive mødt som hele mennesker og at få behandlet deres problemer – inklusivt misbrug – professionelt af personalet.
Cannabis in Danish newspapers
Authors: Houborg Esben , Enghoff Oscar
Published: November 2018

Using quantitative methods Danish cannabis debate in national newspapers is investigated. The investigation shows that the most prevalent topics relate to law enforcement. Legalization has become an increasingly important topic in the Danish cannabis debate and the investigation shows a reframing of this debate to become increasingly related to concerns about organized crime. In this way the Danish cannabis legalization debate show the same development as the debates that have led to legalization certain states in the United States of America.
Acute short-term multimodal treatment for newly arrived traumatized refugees: Reflections on the practical experience and evaluation
Authors: Wenk-Ansohn Mechthild , Heeke Carina , Böttche Maria , Stammel Nadine
Published: November 2018

Background:A short-term multimodal acute treatment program of approximately six months' duration for newly arrived refugees at Center ÜBERLEBEN (Berlin Center for Torture Victims) was developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this program by examining changes in PTSD, anxiety and depression symptom severity after treatment, and to reflect on practical experiences in carrying out the program.

Methods:At the beginning (T1) and following completion of the short term treatment program (T2) patients in a single-group design were assessed with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for PTSD and the Hopkins-Symptom Checklist for depression and anxiety (per-protocol analysis).

Results:Of the 92 patients who completed T1, 44 completed T2 assessments. Medium to large effect sizes were found for reductions in overall PTSD (d = 0.88), depression (d = 0.83), and anxiety symptoms (d = 0.67). While at the beginning of treatment (T1) 97.7% (n = 43) fulfilled diagnostic criteria for both PTSD and depression, and 95.5% (n=42) for anxiety, at T2, 70.5% (n = 31) fulfilled the criteria for clinically relevant PTSD, 79.5% (n = 35) for depression and 70.5% (n = 31) for anxiety.

Discussion:Despite the high symptom load at the beginning of treatment, uncertainties regarding residence status, and the unstable living conditions, patients seem to benefit from the multidisciplinary short term treatment. This study adds preliminary evidence to the efficacy of multimodal treatment and suggests that improvements in symptom severity can be achieved within the often extremely stressful period after arrival.
Pantalla o papel. La construcción lectora en contexto digital y analógico en hablantes de lenguas próximas
Authors: Chenoll Antonio
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo se pretende delinear la importancia de conocer explícitamente los condicionantes del proceso de lectura desde una perspectiva contextual (digital y analógica) para una optimización del proceso de aprendizaje en hablantes de lenguas afines. Para ello, se diseñó una prueba cuantitativa mediante la cual poder medir de manera más objetiva posible la capacidad de construcción de un cerebro lingüístico cuya lengua materna posee afinidades tan marcadas como es el portugués en relación con el español. Realizar un punto de comparación entre ambos grupos nos ayudó a conocer el nivel en el que los alumnos usan de una manera más o menos completa el sesgo informativo como elemento de ahorro cognitivo. Los resultados de esta comparación nos ayudan a afirmar que existe una diferencia en ambos contextos y recomendar, según en qué situaciones, usar un formato u otro dependiendo de nuestras necesidades como docentes o como discentes.
Exploradores en acción: la yincana como elemento motivador y socializador en la enseñanza de ELE
Authors: Villalba Cristina
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es compartir una experiencia didáctica diseñada para trabajar el componente sociocultural y afectivo en contextos de inmersión para el aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera. La razón: la necesidad de facilitar el proceso de adaptación del estudiante recién llegado a un contexto de inmersión en lengua y cultura española. Esta propuesta ofrece, en primer lugar, informaciones básicas de la ciudad (Valencia - barrio del Carmen), para que pueda orientarse por su zona de residencia durante el curso y se trabaje el componente sociocultural. En segundo lugar, favorece la comunicación con hablantes nativos, de modo que pueda poner en práctica sus conocimientos lingüísticos hasta el momento y naturalice la comunicación con hablantes nativos más allá de su nivel de competencia. Por último, se estimula el proceso de socialización a partir del desarrollo de tareas por grupos en las que los participantes puedan superar las limitaciones individuales gracias al apoyo del grupo.
Flip/ELE ¡Cómo mola! o el acercamiento a la jerga juvenil
Authors: García Saiz Lorena
Published: November 2018

La propuesta trabaja la jerga juvenil con alumnado de nivel B1. Concretamente, un grupo de intercambio de estudiantado alemán de secundaria conoce esta variedad diastrática mediante actividades guiadas y una gran variedad de productos culturales -música, publicidad o medios de comunicación- , que realiza conjuntamente con alumnado nativo dentro de la materia Lengua y Literatura Castellana, por lo que la adquisición de contenidos es más significativa. 
Finalmente, el alumnado de E/LE junto con el estudiantado nativo elabora un producto final, consistente en adaptar un cuento del Conde Lucanor-una obra medieval que sigue transmitiendo valores universales aún presentes actualmente- a formato cómic donde deben usar la jerga juvenil.
¡Qué guay!: enseñanza de construcciones valorativas coloquiales en el aula de E/LE
Authors: Murillo Lanza Danny Fernando , Giner González Celia , Castelló Vercher Carlos
Published: November 2018

En ocasiones resulta complicado introducir en el aula de E/LE ciertos tipos de contenidos porque según la perspectiva que se adopte pueden abordarse desde el nivel sintáctico, semántico o ambos a la vez. El objetivo del presente trabajo es explicar de qué modo se puede enseñar las construcciones valorativas coloquiales en la clase de español para extranjeros. Desde un enfoque teórico, se parte de la Gramática de Construcciones y su aplicación en el aprendizaje del español, y, desde una perspectiva práctica, se emplean corpus conversacionales, tales como el Val.Es.Co. 2.0, para la extracción de este tipo de estructuras en contextos reales de uso. Finalmente, se incluye una propuesta didáctica que ejemplifica perfectamente la aplicación de la Gramática de Construcciones, la importancia y funcionalidad del uso de los corpus lingüísticos así como la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías y redes sociales como herramientas pedagógicas en E/LE.
La gamificación en el aula E/LE multigeneracional: la «habitación de escape» como modelo de propuesta didáctica
Authors: Palanca Climente María , Ramos Castillo Alicia
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se ofrece un enfoque para integrar en el aula de E/LE diversas competencias generales y destrezas lingüísticas a través de la gamificación que incentiva la competencia comunicativa del estudiante. Este enfoque nace de la reflexión sobre la necesidad de incorporar nuevas estrategias de enseñanza basadas no solo en lo cognitivo sino que mezcle también el componente emocional. La Neuroeducación nos acerca a la gamificación como medio para motivar y despertar emociones que faciliten el proceso de aprendizaje. La emoción y la cognición van unidas y se interrelacionan entre sí para dar como resultado la conducta del estudiante. El objetivo es que el estudiante participe en una «habitación de escape» y para lograr la clave final deberá resolver diversas pruebas en las que trabajará gramática, comprensión auditiva, lectura y  adquisición de léxico. Todo estará guiado a través de un componente cultural común: la literatura española y latinoamericana.
Desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa a través de la comunicación radiofónica en la clase de E/LE
Authors: Rodrigo-Mateu Amparo
Published: November 2018

Este artículo describe una experiencia práctica con estudiantes de E/LE de la Universidad de Mumbai, en India. El objetivo es profundizar en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa a partir de la creación de contenidos radiofónicos. En él se describen las fases de desarrollo del proyecto, teniendo en cuenta tanto el contexto y la situación de aprendizaje, como las expectativas previas y las evaluaciones posteriores de los alumnos.
Appetitive reversal learning differences of two honey bee subspecies with different foraging behaviors
Authors: Pérez Claudio Eddie , Rodriguez-Cruz Yoselyn , Arslan Okan Can , Giray Tugrul , Agosto Rivera José Luis , Kence Meral , Wells Harrington , Abramson Charles I.
Published: November 2018

We aimed to examine mechanistically the observed foraging differences across two honey bee,Apis mellifera, subspecies using the proboscis extension response assay. Specifically, we compared differences in appetitive reversal learning ability between honey bee subspecies:Apis mellifera caucasica(Pollman), andApis mellifera syriaca(Skorikov) in a “common garden” apiary. It was hypothesized that specific learning differences could explain previously observed foraging behavior differences of these subspecies:A.m. caucasicaswitches between different flower color morphs in response to reward variability, andA.m. syriacadoes not switch. We suggest that flower constancy allows reduced exposure by minimizing search and handling time, whereas plasticity is important when maximizing harvest in preparation for long winter is at a premium. In the initial orAcquisitionphase of the test we examined specifically discrimination learning, where bees were trained to respond to a paired conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and not to respond to a second conditioned stimulus that is not followed by an unconditioned stimulus. We found no significant differences among the subspecies in theAcquisitionphase in appetitive learning. During the second,Reversalphase of the experiment, where flexibility in association was tested, the paired and unpaired conditioned stimuli were reversed. During theReversalphaseA.m. syriacashowed a reduced ability to learn the reverse association in the appetitive learning task. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis thatA.m. syriacaforagers cannot change the foraging choice because of lack of flexibility in appetitive associations under changing contingencies. Interestingly, both subspecies continued responding to the previously rewarded conditioned stimulus in the reversal phase. We discuss potential ecological correlates and molecular underpinnings of these differences in learning across the two subspecies. In addition, in a supplemental experiment we demonstrated that these differences in appetitive reversal learning do not occur in other learning contexts.
Reproduction and metamorphosis in theMyristicaSwamp tree frog,Mercurana myristicapalustris(Anura: Rhacophoridae)
Authors: Abraham Robin Kurian , Mathew Jobin Kuruvilla , Raju David Valiaparampil , Rao Ramprasad , Zachariah Anil
Published: November 2018

The reproductive biology of theMyristicaSwamp tree frog (Mercurana myristicapalustris), a monotypic rhacophorid frog endemic to the foothills of the Western Ghats mountains of India, has remained unknown since the description of the genus and species. We monitored individuals from parental generation amplexus to the completion of offspring generation tadpole metamorphosis. Surprisingly, our observations revealed that this species exhibits many previously unknown characteristics, including the first ever record of the female, and a diverse call repertoire, consisting of five different call types (the functions of which remain incompletely known). We were also able to determine that reproductive activity peaked during the late pre-monsoon season, that males engaged in intraspecific aggressive encounters to occupy and to defend desirable territories, and that oviposition took place in terrestrial nests made by females. Embryonic development in the unattended nest was followed by tadpole development, which concluded within 40 days. The specific breeding mode employed byMercurana, which restricts its range to the endangeredMyristicaswamp ecosystem, likely renders it susceptible to multiple threats, which should be considered jointly in future conservation planning.
Hardware Sequencing of Inflatable Nonlinear Actuators for Autonomous Soft Robots
Authors: Gorissen Benjamin , Milana Edoardo , Baeyens Arne , Broeders Eva , Christiaens Jeroen , Collin Klaas , Reynaerts Dominiek , De Volder Michael
Published: November 2018

Soft robots are an interesting alternative for classic rigid robots in applications requiring interaction with organisms or delicate objects. Elastic inﬂatable actuators are one of the preferred actuation mechanisms for soft robots since they are intrinsically safe and soft. However, these pneumatic actuators each require a dedicated pressure supply and valve to drive and control their actuation sequence. Because of the relatively large size of pressure supplies and valves compared to electrical leads and electronic controllers, tethering pneumatic soft robots with multiple degrees of freedom is bulky and unpractical. Here, a new approach is described to embed hardware intelligence in soft robots where multiple actuators are attached to the same pressure supply, and their actuation sequence is programmed by the interaction between nonlinear actuators and passive ﬂow restrictions. How to model this hardware sequencing is discussed, and it is demonstrated on an 8‐degree‐of‐freedom walking robot where each limb comprises two actuators with a sequence embedded in their hardware. The robot is able to carry pay loads of 800 g in addition to its own weight and is able to walk at travel speeds of 3 body lengths per minute, without the need for complex on‐board valves or bulky tethers.
The Inhibition of Lipid A Biosynthesis—The Antidote Against Superbugs?
Authors: González‐Bello Concepción
Published: November 2018

After many years of success in the battle against infectious diseases, ground is being lost in this fight with the worldwide increasing appearance of “superbugs,” which are resistant to most antibiotics in clinical use. The impact of superbugs on the older population, healthcare‐associated patients or patients with a compromised immune system is highly worrisome since no treatment options are available in some cases, especially for Gram‐negative pathogens. Efforts are currently devoted to develop novel chemical entities with new mechanisms of action that can inactivate unexplored or underexplored bacterial objectives and to better understand bacterial behavior. The present article highlights the therapeutic potential of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of lipid A, which is the lipidic component of lipopolysaccharide—a lipid‐anchored complex carbohydrate and a well‐designed natural barrier to protect Gram‐negative bacteria from external agents, such as antibiotics. An overview of the state‐of‐the‐art inhibitors currently available along with the biochemical and structural knowledge of the enzyme/ligand complexes available is provided. This insight will contribute to the rational design of the next generation of inhibitors or the development of new ones for those promising targets for which inhibitors have not yet been developed.
Amprolium exposure alters mice behavior and metabolism in vivo
Authors: Moraes Juliana Oliveira , Rodrigues Samara Dias Cardoso , Pereira Leidiano Martins , Medeiros Rita de Cássia Noronha , de Cordova Clarissa Amorim Silva , de Cordova Fabiano Mendes
Published: November 2018

Background

Thiamine deficiency (TD) models have been developed, mainly using the thiamine analog pyrithiamine. Other analogs have not been used in rodents. We aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of intraperitoneal (ip) amprolium‐induced TD in mice. We also evaluated the associated pathogenesis using antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory compounds (Trolox, dimethyl sulfoxide).

Methods

Male mice were separated into two groups, one receiving a standard diet (control animals), and the other a TD diet (deficient groups) for 20 days. Control mice were further subdivided into three groups receiving daily ip injections of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Cont group), Tolox (Tr group) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Dmso group). The three TD groups received amprolium (Amp group), amprolium and Trolox (Amp+Tr group), or amprolium and DMSO (Amp+Dmso group). The animals were subjected to behavioral tests and then euthanized. The brain and viscera were analyzed.

Results

Amprolium exposure induced weight loss with hyporexia, reduced the behavioral parameters (locomotion, exploratory activity, and motor coordination), and induced changes in the brain (lower cortical cell viability) and liver (steatosis). Trolox co‐treatment partially improved these conditions, but to a lesser extent than DMSO.

Conclusions

Amprolium‐induced TD may be an interesting model, allowing the deficiency to develop more slowly and to a lesser extent. Amprolium exposure also seems to involve oxidative stress and inflammation, suggested as the main mechanisms of cell dysfunction in TD.
Castor‐oil derived nonhalogenated reactive flame‐retardant‐based polyurethane foams with significant reduced heat release rate
Authors: Bhoyate Sanket , Ionescu Mihail , Kahol Pawan K. , Gupta Ram K.
Published: November 2018

National Fire Protection Association encounters one structural fire every 66 s. Rigid polyurethane foam is one of the principal components used in constructional and household applications. In this work, a reactive flame retardant (FR) was synthesized using a facile one‐step thiol–ene reaction by reacting mercaptenized castor oil (MCO) and diethyl allyl phosphonate (DEAP). The obtained MCO–DEAP polyol was used for the preparation of polyurethanes having different weight percentages of phosphorus (P). Addition of FR polyol showed no adverse effect on the cellular structure of the foams and maintained the compressive strength. All the foams showed closed cell content greater than 95%. Horizontal burning test (HBT) was performed before and after the migration test to understand the stability of the FR within the foams. Foams showed no relative weight loss before and after the migration test and maintained equivalent results for HBT. For 1.5 wt % P foams, low extinguishing time of 3 s and weight loss of 4% was observed. The cone calorimeter test showed a reduction in the peak heat release rate from 313 to 158 kW m−3, the total heat release from 18 to 8 MJ m−2, and O2 consumption from 12 to 6 g. Our results suggest that MCO–DEAP polyol could act as an essential FR for rigid PU foam ensuring fire safety. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47276.
Effect of external field on the lamellar crystalline structure and properties of poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) casting film
Authors: Xu Li‐Yang , Wu Gao‐Gao , Zhao Meng , Yin Bo , Yang Ming‐Bo
Published: November 2018

In this work, lamellae structures of poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) casting films with different draw ratios and properties of corresponding stretched membranes were discussed. The crystalline structure was quantitatively analyzed in terms of crystallinity, long period, crystalline orientation, and lamellae lateral dimension, which were largely influenced by the draw ratio. Apparently, as draw ratio increased, the elapsed time of samples declined rapidly and porosity showed an upward tendency. In this article, these results can be used to predict the relationship between properties of casting films (such as orientation, lamellar structure, and elastic recovery) and properties of stretched membrane (average pore size, permeability, and porosity). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47293.
Development of whey protein isolate/polyaniline smart packaging: Morphological, structural, thermal, and electrical properties
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Carolina Salgado , Ugucioni Julio Cesar , da Rocha Roney Alves , Borges Soraia Vilela
Published: November 2018

Development of smart packaging from biodegradable polymers that allow monitoring food exposure conditions is important to reduce food and material packaging waste. The objective of this article is to evaluate the conductivity of polyaniline (PANI) in its doped form with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid on morphological, structure, thermal, and electrical (Hall effect) properties of whey protein isolate (films. Films show immiscible with 10−3 S cm−1 conductivity and semiconductor behavior due to a phase separation that is observed (scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis). Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra do not present changes in relation to control samples, suggesting no chemical interaction with polymers. This result is probably due to deprotonation of PANI. No significant differences are observed for conductivity of film made above 60 mg mL−1 of PANI. Films showed semiconducting properties that allow a new application on smart packaging to help monitor electrical properties of foods in processes of degradable. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47316.
Synergistic effects of conductive carbon nanofillers based on the ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene with uniform and segregated structures
Authors: Sun Zhen‐Feng , Ren Peng‐Gang , Zhang Zheng‐Wei , Ren Fang
Published: November 2018

To discuss the synergistic effects of mixed conductive filler on nanocomposites, different structural carbon nanofiller/ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) hybrid nanocomposites with uniform and segregated structure were prepared by using ethanol‐assisted dispersion, hydrazine reduction, and hot‐pressing methods. Scanning electron microscopy and polarized optical microscopy images of the nanocomposites fracture showed that the complete conductive channels could be formed in segregated nanocomposites prepared by powder mixing method. By contrast, the discontinuous electric path could be observed in the homogeneous nanocomposites prepared by the solution method. The test of conductivity performance demonstrated that the percolation threshold of carbon black (CB)/UHMWPE and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)‐CB/UHMWPE nanocomposites with segregated structure were 0.42 and 0.18 vol %, which were lower than those of the nanocomposites with uniform structure (4.91 and 2.62%). The electrical conductivity of MWCNTs‐CB/UHMWPE nanocomposites with segregated structure reached to 3.0 × 10−2 S m−1 with the filler content of 1.5 vol %. In addition, the results of differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the crystallinity of UHMWPE decreased slightly with the addition of mixed filler. All of the study showed that the conductivity of MWCNTs‐CB/UHMWPE nanocomposites with segregated structure has better electrical conductivity than the uniform. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47317.
Idea to explore: The structure of the oxygen and iron ion
Authors: Makovec Tomaž
Published: November 2018

Understanding diamagnetism of oxygenated and paramagnetism of deoxygenated hemoglobin, an important topic in (bio) chemistry for medical students, begins with the understanding of the detailed structure of the oxygen molecule. It continues with a short description of the structures of reactive oxygen species: the singlet form of oxygen, the superoxide, and peroxide anions. The article then describes the high spin and low spin form of the iron ion with its d‐orbitals and explains why both forms with different diameters exist in the heme part. At the end, medical applications of the acquired knowledge are presented: the cooperative effect in hemoglobin and the principles of magnetic resonance imagining. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):630–633, 2018.
Assessment of students' external representations of mmCIF entries and their biochemical knowledge
Authors: Ealy Julie B.
Published: November 2018

An assessment was developed using entries from the macromolecular Crystallographic Information File that was given to students in an upper level bioinformatics class at the end of the semester during a 2½ hour time period. Although all students completed the same questions, they were assessed on an individual protein they had worked on during the semester in the situated learning of the classroom as they completed computer‐based tutorials and exercises using internet sources. The students' difficulties with the external representation of their protein were: not following directions, not understanding how to use the computational software, or a lack of knowledge about their protein. The students also were required to answer questions that required biochemical knowledge. The difficulties they experienced during the assessment can be attributed to factors, such as, their reasoning ability, understanding of the concepts, and the external representations of their protein. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):634–643, 2018.
Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Head and Neck: Margins are not just for surgeons
Authors: Bouaoud Jebrane , Temam Stephane , Cozic Nathalie , Galmiche‐Rolland Louise , Belhous Kahina , Kolb Frederic , Bidault Francois , Bolle Stephanie , Dumont Sarah , Laurence Valerie , Plantaz Dominique , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Marec‐Berard Perrine , Quassemyar Quentin , Couloigner Vincent , Picard Arnaud , Gomez‐Brouchet Anne , Le Deley Marie‐Cécile , Mahier‐Ait Oukhatar Céline , Kadlub Natacha , Gaspar Nathalie
Published: November 2018

Background, Methods

To describe the characteristics, treatments (systemic/local), and outcome (oncological/functional) of French patients with head and neck Ewing's sarcomas (HNES) registered in the Euro‐Ewing 99 (EE99) database. Specific patient‐level data were reviewed retrospective.

Results

Forty‐seven HNES patients in the EE99 database had a median age of 11 years, 89% had bone tumors (skull 55%, mandible 21%, maxilla 11%), 89% had small tumors (<200 mL), and they were rarely metastatic (9%). Local treatment was surgery radiotherapy (55%), exclusively surgery (28%), or radiotherapy (17%). Metastatic relapses occurred in five patients with high relapse risk factors (metastasis at diagnosis, poor histological response, large tumors). Local progression/relapses (LR) after exclusive radiotherapy occurred in three patients with persistent extra‐osseous residue and in four patients considered R0 margins (postchemotherapy surgery, without postoperative radiotherapy [PORT]), reclassified by pathological review as R1a. Pathological review reclassified 72% of R0 margins: 11/18 to R1a and 2/18 to R2. Five patients had confirmed R0 margins after postchemotherapy surgery without PORT and had no LR Eight patients had R2 margins (initial surgery without previous chemotherapy, with PORT) and had no LR With a median follow‐up of 9.3 years, the 3‐year LR rate, EFS, and OS were 84.8%, 78.6%, and 89.3%, respectively. Among the 5‐year survivors, 88% had long‐term sequelae.

Conclusion

To optimize HNES management, patients should be treated from diagnosis in expert centers with multidisciplinary committees to discuss treatment strategy (type of surgery, need for PORT) and validate surgical margins.
Clinicopathological analysis of primary intestinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: Prognostic evaluation of CD5, PD‐L1, and Epstein‐Barr virus on tumor cells
Authors: Ishikawa Eri , Kato Seiichi , Shimada Kazuyuki , Tanaka Tsutomu , Suzuki Yuka , Satou Akira , Kohno Kei , Sakakibara Ayako , Yamamura Takeshi , Nakamura Masanao , Miyahara Ryoji , Goto Hidemi , Nakamura Shigeo , Hirooka Yoshiki
Published: November 2018

Background

Primary intestinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (iDLBCL) is rare. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological features of this disease to further understand the prognostic value of CD5, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) on tumor cells.

Methods

Tumor specimens from 62 patients consecutively diagnosed with primary iDLBCL at a single institution were analyzed.

Results

Our series consisted of EBV‐positive (EBV+) iDLBCL (n = 10), de novo CD5+ iDLBCL (n = 4), and DLBCL, not otherwise specified (DLBCL‐NOS; n = 48). Notably, seven of 10 EBV+ cases had treated lymphoma‐associated (n = 4) or iatrogenic immunodeficiency (n = 3). Two of 10 EBV+ cases expressed PD‐L1 on tumor cells, whereas the remaining eight were positive for PD‐L1 on microenvironment immune cells. Only one DLBCL‐NOS case had neoplastic PD‐L1 expression with a giant cell‐rich appearance. Both EBV‐harboring and PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells, but not CD5, were associated with worse overall survival (OS) in iDLBCL patients receiving rituximab‐containing chemotherapy (P = 0.0354, P = 0.0092, and P = 0.1097, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified PD‐L1 positivity on tumor cells (P = 0.0106), PD‐L1 negativity on microenvironment immune cells (P = 0.0193), and EBV positivity (P = 0.0324) as poor independent prognostic factors for OS. Among iDLBCL cases without any EBV association, CD5 positivity, or neoplastic PD‐L1 expression, high PD‐L1 expression (≥40%) on microenvironment immune cells predicted an extremely favorable outcome.

Conclusion

EBV+ iDLBCL mainly comprised immunodeficiency‐associated patients, which may highlight the specificity of the intestine. PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells or microenvironment immune cells was found to have an opposite prognostic impact in iDLBCL.
Fluorination‐Induced Evolution of Columnar Packing in Fluorous Triphenylenes and Benzotriphenylenes
Authors: Rippy Kerry C. , DeWeerd Nicholas J. , Kuvychko Igor V. , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V.
Published: November 2018

Invited for this month's cover are the groups of Steven Strauss/Olga Boltalina at Colorado State University, and Yu‐Sheng Chen at the NSF's ChemMatCARS. The cover picture shows the evolution of fluorous triphenylene crystal packing motifs against the backdrop of the Very Large Array near Magdalena in New Mexico, where scientists study the evolution of the universe. The stepwise structural evolution in columnar packing observed was possible because of the development of a one‐step selective synthesis for triphenylene(C4F8)n derivatives (n = 1–3). These compounds are expected to find application in liquid crystal displays and organic electronics. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201800451.
Nano‐Cu‐Mediated Multi‐Site Approach to Ultrafine MoO2 Nanoparticles on Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Tian Min , Li Feng , Hu Haiguo , Ma Jiantai , Jin Jun
Published: November 2018

Catalysts with high atom utilization efficiency accompanied by improved reactivity and durability are highly desired. Metallic MoO2 with its small size easily agglomerates, making it difficult to use in water splitting to obtain hydrogen by electrolysis. Here, the nano‐Cu‐mediated multi‐site method is proposed to prepare ultrafine MoO2 nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐decorated reduced graphene oxide (denoted as MoO2/PDDA‐rGO). The introduction of Cu NPs increases the number of growth sites for MoO2 on the PDDA‐rGO and simultaneously promotes the growth rate of MoO2 on PDDA‐rGO. As a consequence, the resulting size of the MoO2 NPs is only 2 nm and these are evenly dispersed on PDDA‐rGO. Significantly, the optimized catalyst has a low onset potential of −42 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), a calculated Tafel slope of only 42 mV dec−1, and good cycling stability of more than 40 h. This favored hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is caused by the synergistic effects of MoO2 and PDDA‐rGO, rapid charge transport, and sufficient exposed active sites of MoO2/PDDA‐rGO.
Acquired parvalbumin‐selective interneuronopathy in the multiple‐hit model of infantile spasms: A putative basis for the partial responsiveness to vigabatrin analogs?
Authors: Katsarou Anna‐Maria , Li Qianyun , Liu Wei , Moshé Solomon L. , Galanopoulou Aristea S.
Published: November 2018

West syndrome, an age‐specific epileptic encephalopathy, manifests with infantile spasms (IS) and impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes and epilepsy. The multiple‐hit rat model of IS is a chronic model of IS due to structural etiology, in which spasms respond partially to vigabatrin analogs. Using this model, we investigated whether IS due to structural etiology may have deficits in parvalbumin (PRV) and somatostatin (SST) immunoreactive (‐ir) interneurons, and calretinin‐ir (CR‐ir) neurons of the primary somatosensory cortex of postnatal day (PN) 20–24 rats, using specific immunohistochemical assays. PN3 Sprague‐Dawley male rats underwent the multiple‐hit induction protocol, were monitored until PN20–24, and were transcardially perfused to collect brains for histology. Age‐matched sham and naive control male rats were also used. Coronal brain cryosections were stained with anti‐PRV, anti‐CR, and anti‐SST antibodies, and regions of interest (ROIs) from the primary somatosensory cortices were selected to determine PRV‐, CR‐, and SST‐ir cell counts and cortical ROI volumes, with blinding to experimental group. Statistical analyses were done using a linear mixed model accounting for repeated measures. We found PRV‐ir interneuronal selective reduction, sparing of the CR‐ir and SST‐ir neurons, and bilateral cortical atrophy. Our findings provide evidence for acquired PRV‐selective interneuronopathy, possibly underlying the pathogenesis of IS, neurodevelopmental deficits, and epilepsy, and potentially contributing to the partial response to vigabatrin analogs in this model.
3D‐printed Current Collector Plates: Simulation and Performance Evaluation in a Mini Fuel Cell
Authors: Cano‐López J. A. , Ortega‐Díaz D. , Duarte‐Moller A. , Encinas A. , Dector A. , Olivares‐Ramírez J. M.
Published: November 2018

This paper describes the construction of 3D‐printed current collectors used in the fabrication, simulation and performance evaluation of four mini proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. These fuel cells comprised of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene‐printed current collector plates using different flow channel designs: pin, spiral, serpentine and radial. In this work, we demonstrated that the mini PEM fuel cells were capable of converting fuel to current according to computational fluid dynamics, which was used to carry out the optimization of the geometry of the current collector plates. The correlation between the mass transfer and the power density is discussed, and the largest mass transfer is reported for the pin geometry, which also yielded the higher power values compared to the spiral, serpentine and radial geometries (9.9, 9.0, 9.0, and 8.2 mW cm−2, respectively). These low‐cost devices should be useful for portable applications.
Target regulation of both VECs and VSMCs by dual‐loading miRNA‐126 and miRNA‐145 in the bilayered electrospun membrane for small‐diameter vascular regeneration
Authors: Cui Ce , Wen Meiling , Zhou Fang , Zhao Yunhui , Yuan Xiaoyan
Published: November 2018

Clinical utility of small‐diameter vascular grafts is still challenging in blood vessel regeneration owing to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. To cope with the issues, modulation of gene expression via microRNAs (miRNAs) could be a feasible approach by rational regulating physiological activities of both vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Our previous studies demonstrated that individually loaded miRNA‐126 (miR‐126) or miRNA‐145 (miR‐145) in the electrospun membranes showed the tendency to promote vascular regeneration. In this work, the bilayered electrospun graft in 1.5‐mm diameter was developed by emulsion electrospinning to dual‐load miR‐126 and miR‐145 for target regulation of both VECs and VSMCs, respectively. Accelerated release of miR‐126 was achieved by introducing poly(ethylene glycol) in the inner electrospun poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(l‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) ultrafine fibrous membrane, reaching 61.3 ± 1.2% of the cumulative release in the initial 10 days, whereas the outer electrospun poly(l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) membrane composed of microfibers fulfilled prolonged release of miR‐145 for about 56 days. In vivo tests suggested that dual‐loading with miR‐126 and miR‐145 in the bilayered electrospun membranes could modulate both VECs and VSMCs for rapid endothelialization and hyperplasia inhibition as well. It is reasonably expected that dual target‐delivery of miR‐126 and miR‐145 in the electrospun vascular grafts has effective potential for small‐diameter vascular regeneration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 371–382, 2019.
Skin ionocyte remodeling in the amphibious mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus)
Authors: Martin Keri E. , Ehrman James M. , Wilson Jonathan M. , Wright Patricia A. , Currie Suzanne
Published: November 2018

Amphibious fishes have evolved a variety of physiological modifications allowing them to survive in water and air. In air, the amphibious mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus, uses its skin as a site of ionoregulation. Skin ionocytes actively transport ions into/out of the body; however, it is unclear if there are specific morphological or functional changes occurring in skin ionocytes during air exposure. We used two microscopy techniques to describe skin ionocyte morphology and to investigate their plasticity after salinity challenges and air exposure. Immunohistochemical staining in air‐exposed fish revealed ionocytes with Na
+/K
+ ATPase (NKA), Na
+/H
+ exchanger (NHE3b) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) immunoreactivity, whereas ionocytes from aquatic fish had only NKA (freshwater) or NKA and CFTR (brackish and hypersaline water). Following salinity challenges, we noted increases in the number and area of ionocyte apical surfaces, indicating that skin ionocyte activity increased in high salinity environments compared with control conditions. Furthermore, we show increased ionocyte area during air exposure suggesting increased ionocyte activity in all salinity conditions. Using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy to analyze the skin surface, we report decreases in magnesium, phosphorous, and sulfur after 7 days in air compared with fish in water, suggesting ionic movement in the skin surface during air exposure. Our study highlights morphological and functional features of skin ionocytes that are involved in ionoregulation in an air‐exposed amphibious fish.
Gatifloxacin–Isatin Hybrids and Their Antimycobacterial Activities
Authors: Xu Zhi , Zhao Shi‐Jia , Deng Jia‐Lun , Wang Qin , Lv Zao‐Sheng
Published: November 2018

We report herein the design, synthesis, and antimycobacterial activity of a series of diethylene glycol tethered gatifloxacin–isatin hybrids 5a–o in this paper. Results revealed that all hybrids showed promising activity against both drug‐sensitive and multidrug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a range of 1–128 μg/mL. Particularly, hybrid 5j with low cytotoxicity in VERO cell line was comparable with the parent gatifloxacin (MIC: 0.78 and 1 μg/mL) against MTB H37Rv and MDR‐TB strains, and ≥32‐fold more potent than isoniazid and rifampicin (MIC: >128 and 32 μg/mL, respectively) against MDR‐TB, suggesting it may serve as a new and promising candidate for further study.
Novel method for the prediction of para‐Hisian premature ventricular complexes from the electrocardiogram
Authors: Hwang Jongmin , Han Seongwook , Park Hyoung‐Seob , Jun Seung‐Woon , Cho Yun‐Kyeong , Yoon Hyuck‐Jun , Lee Cheol Hyun , Lee Sang Hoon , Hwang Chun
Published: November 2018

Background

Catheter ablation of para‐Hisian (PH) premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) has a high risk of heart block. This study aimed to find the electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors of PH‐PVCs.

Methods

We enrolled 47 patients who underwent an electrophysiologic study for catheter ablation of PVCs and analyzed the ECG characteristics, retrospectively.

Results

The PVC locations were the PH in 14, right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (OT) in 11, left ventricular (LV) OT in 16, LV septum in 5, and LV summit in 1. The QRS width of the PH‐PVCs was significantly narrower than that of the rest of PVCs (140.9 ± 17.1 ms vs. 158.9 ± 19.4 ms, P = 0.004). Precordial transition of the PH‐PVCs related to sinus rhythm was not helpful in predicting the location. Lead I had monophasic R waves in 100% and lead aVR QS waves in 100%. In aVL, 13 of 14 patients had monophasic R waves, and 1 had biphasic (rS) waves with an initial positive polarity. Among the study cohort, 15 patients had a QS in aVR and R in aVL, including 13 PH‐PVCs and 2 PVCs coming from the RVOT septum and LVOT septum, respectively. The QS in aVR and monophasic R in aVL had a sensitivity of 92.8%, specificity of 93.9%, positive predictive value of 86.7%, and negative predictive value of 96.9% for localizing PH‐PVCs.

Conclusions

A PVC morphology with a QS in aVR and monophasic R in aVL and QRS width <143 msec, could be used as a reliable parameter for predicting the PH location.
High‐resolution monthly precipitation climatologies over Norway (1981–2010): Joining numerical model data sets and in situ observations
Authors: Crespi Alice , Lussana Cristian , Brunetti Michele , Dobler Andreas , Maugeri Maurizio , Tveito Ole Einar
Published: November 2018

The 1981–2010 monthly precipitation climatologies for Norway at 1 km resolution are presented. They are computed by an interpolation procedure (HCLIM+RK) combining the output from a numerical model with the in situ observations. Specifically, the regional climate model data set HCLIM‐AROME, based on the dynamical downscaling of the global ERA‐Interim reanalysis onto 2.5 km resolution, is considered together with 2009 rain‐gauges located within the model domain. The precipitation climatologies are defined by superimposing the grid of 1981–2010 monthly normals from the numerical model and the kriging interpolation of station residuals. The combined approach aims at improving the quality of gridded climatologies and at providing reliable precipitation gradients also over those remote Norwegian regions not covered by observations, especially over the northernmost mountainous areas. The integration of rain‐gauge data greatly reduces the original HCLIM‐AROME biases. The HCLIM+RK errors obtained from the leave‐one‐out station validation turn out to be lower than those provided by two considered interpolation schemes based on observations only: a multi‐linear local regression kriging (MLRK) and a local weighted linear regression (LWLR). As average over all months, the mean absolute (percentage) error is 10.0 mm (11%) for HCLIM+RK, and 11.4 (12%) and 11.6 mm (12%) for MLRK and LWLR, respectively. In addition, by comparing the results at both station and grid cell level, the accuracy of MLRK and LWLR is more sensitive to the spatial variability of station distribution over the domain and their interpolated fields are more affected by discontinuities and outliers, especially over those areas not covered by the rain‐gauge network. The obtained HCLIM+RK climatologies clearly depict the main west‐to‐east gradient occurring from the orographic precipitation regime of the coast to the more continental climate of the inland and it allows to point out the features of the climatic subzones of Norway.
Recent advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. Part XII
Authors: Nafie Laurence A.
Published: November 2018

This annual review is an overview of advances in the field of Raman spectroscopy as found in papers published in the previous calendar year in the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (JRS), as well as in trends over the past decade across journals that have published papers important to the field of Raman spectroscopy. This information is gleaned from statistical data on article counts obtained from the Clarivate Analytic's Web of Science Core Collection by year and by subfield of Raman spectroscopy. Additional information is gleaned from presentations at the XXVI International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy (ICORS 2018) in Jeju Island, Korea in August 2018, and contributions on Raman scattering at SCIX 2018, organized by the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA in October 2018. Coverage is also provided for topics from the European Conference on Nonlinear Optical Spetroscopy (ECONOS 2018) held in April in Milan, Italy and GeoRaman 2018 in Catania, Italy in June. Finally, papers published in JRS in 2017 are highlighted and arranged by topics at the frontier of Raman spectroscopy. On the basis of this survey information, it is clear that Raman spectroscopy continues as in recent years as a rapidly expanding field of research across a wide range of novel disciplines and applications that provide sensitive photonic information of matter at the molecular level.
Phytosphingosine Increases Biosynthesis of Phytoceramide by Uniquely Stimulating the Expression of Dihydroceramide C4‐desaturase (DES2) in Cultured Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Choi Hyun Kyung , Kim Hyun‐Ji , Liu Kwang‐Hyeon , Park Chang Seo
Published: November 2018

Ceramide NP is known to be the most abundant class of 12 ceramide (CER) families that form a permeability barrier in the human skin barrier. However, not many studies have been reported on the regulation of the biosynthesis of ceramide NP. Recently, it has been reported that phytosphingosine (PHS) treatment in the cultured keratinocytes (KC) notably increased the content of ceramide NP. However, the mechanism behind the PHS‐induced enhancement of ceramide NP has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of PHS on the expression of several essential genes for the biosynthesis of CER. Also, we determined the molecular mechanism behind the unique enhancement of ceramide NP upon treatment of PHS in the cultured KC. The expressions of all of the three genes (SPT, ceramide synthase 3 [CERS3], andELOVL4) and their respective proteins were markedly increased in PHS‐treated KC. In addition, the expression of the dihydroceramide C4‐desaturase (DES2) responsible for conversion of dihydroceramide into ceramide NP was uniquely enhanced only by PHS treatment. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis revealed that more than 20‐fold increase of ceramide NP by PHS was observed while no significant enhancement of ceramide NS and NDS was observed. This study demonstrates that PHS plays a fundamental role in strengthening the epidermal permeability barrier by stimulating the overall processes of biosynthesis of all classes of CER in epidermis. The dramatic increase of ceramide NP upon PHS treatment seemed to be the outcome of transformation of dihydroceramide and/or ceramide NS by C4‐hydroxylase activity.