bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A corpus-based analysis of language ideologies in Hungarian school metalanguage
Authors: Péter Szabó Tamás
Published: June 2019

The main goal of this paper is to present a recently built interview corpus called Corpus of Hungarian School Metalanguage – Interview Corpus (CHSM-IC) and its potential in language ideology studies. This corpus was compiled during a broad survey on Hungarian school metalanguage carried out in 2009 and was recently made available for a wider research community within the CESAR (Central and South-East European Resources) project. The study investigates interactional routines used in metadiscourses on language use. Printed texts cited from prestigious handbooks and interview data from CHSM-IC are compared. Thus, widely used, culturally-inherited text fragments are detected and confronted with the interviewees’ narratives on their own communicational experiences. A case study on the discourse marker hát (‘so’, ‘well’) illustrates that there is a conflict and often a controversy between language ideologies disseminated by the Hungarian school system and the linguistic self-representation in the interviewees’ narratives. Combining Language Ideology, Conversation Analysis, Discourse Analysis and Discursive Social Psychology frameworks, the paper presents a detailed description on the emergence of metadiscourses in a school setting. The paper concludes that metalinguistic utterances (e.g., answers on grammaticality, statements on linguistic accuracy, etc.) and observable, spontaneous (or semi-spontaneous) language use patterns are regularly not in accordance with each other.
Words which are ‘very much her own’ – a corpus stylistic analysis of The bloody chamber by A. Carter
Authors: Pasolini Anna
Published: June 2019

This paper endeavours to carry out a corpus stylistic analysis of the discursive construction of female identity in some fairy tales collected in The bloody chamber and other stories by Angela Carter (1979) with a twofold purpose. More generally, it aims at providing a further example of the application of corpus linguistics methods to the analysis of a literary text. It also purports to emphasise that corpus stylistics can assist the examination of the poetics as well as the politics of a literary text. In particular, corpus linguistics methods will be shown to enable an analysis of the way in which the linguistic configuration of the text can be seen to map power relationships. This investigation addresses two main research questions stemming from corpus-based comparative enquiries, which analyse some keywords as triggers of ideological meanings: • if the fairy tale ‘The bloody chamber’ is computationally compared to what is deemed to be its main source, Pearrult’s ‘Blue beard’, is it possible to show that Carter succeeds in challenging and amending the gender politics underlying Perrault’s text through the use of language? • can the intuitive insight that Carter manages to criticise women’s compliance with patriarchy in their subordination, and to offer empowering alternatives through intertextual and intratextual references be proved with corpus linguistics methods? The first question will be tackled through the computational comparison between the tales ‘The bloody chamber and an English translation of ‘La barbe bleue’ by Charles Perrault; the second through the comparative analysis of the two versions of ‘Beauty and the Beast’ re-written by Carter and included in the same collection – ‘The courtship of Mr Lyon’ and ‘The tiger’s bride’. As regards methodology, three main techniques will be deployed: the study and comparison of the wordlists of the tales through some purposely-generated concordance lines, the analysis of collocations, and – to a lesser extent – that of keywords. The software used for the analyses is WordSmith Tools, which generates statistical data on a text or corpus through three main functions: wordlist, concord, and keywords. Even though it will not be possible to draw general conclusions about Carter’s style or about the ways in which the fairy tale as a genre changes thanks to her revolutionary manipulations (which will hopefully be the focus of future research), sample-examples will be offered of the ways in which a computer-assisted analysis could support, validate, and even enrich an intuitive one performed through the methodological and critical tools offered by cultural and literary studies. In both cases, indeed, intuitive insight will be proved through computer-generated textual evidence and new knowledge will hopefully be gained as well.
The use of modal verbs to express hedging in student academic writing
Authors: Ge Tianshuang
Published: June 2019

This study was conducted to analyse hedging modal verbs in student assignments. Specifically, it was designed to investigate how the native English speaking (NS) students and the non-native English speaking (NNS) students express their hedging in their assignments by focusing on three hedging modal verbs: would, should, and may. The methodology used for the present research was a combined approach of methods from corpus linguistics and discourse analysis (specifically, move analysis). The results of the top-down corpus-based move analysis showed that the different patterns of these three modal verbs have different hedging functions and have a tendency to occur at different move types to fulfil different communicative purposes. The analyses also indicated the existence of both similarities and differences between the NS and NNS groups in the use of hedging modal verbs in terms of both lexico-grammatical and rhetorical features in different contexts. This study contributed to analyse the hedging modal verbs used in students’ assignments from corpus linguistics and move analysis approaches.
The bewildering complexity of the biology register
Authors: Borza Natalia
Published: June 2019

While considerable research has been conducted on the register analysis of English language tertiary textbooks, relatively little is explored about the register analytical features of secondary textbooks. The purpose of the present pedagogically-driven study is to analyse the register of biology textbooks for secondary students from the point of view of English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching by describing the register of the biology corpus (BIOCOR) that 10th grade students need to process during their studies at a bilingual secondary school. The research reports on the characteristic linguistic features of the BIOCOR with regard to the complexity of the texts syntactic structure. The BIOCOR (consisting of 7,021 words) is compared to a reference corpus (REFCOR) of general English texts at a CEFR B2 level (comprising 7,098 words) by exploring the frequency of ten types of syntactic structures (simple, compound and complex sentences of various number of dependent and independent clauses). The results of the investigation disclose that syntactic simplicity is prevalent in the BIOCOR: simple sentences abound, complex sentences are used in a modest manner, while complex-compound sentences are hardly present in the corpus. The syntactic simplicity of the biology textbook can be regarded as one of the linguistic features revealing the non-academic but popularizing nature of the secondary textbook register.
A computational account of illocutionary meaning
Authors: Jiménez-Briones Rocío
Published: June 2019

This paper looks at how illocutionary meaning could be accommodated in FunGramKB, a Natural Language Processing environment designed as a multipurpose lexico-conceptual knowledge base for natural language understanding applications. To this purpose, this study concentrates on the Grammaticon, which is the module that stores constructional schemata or machine-tractable representations of linguistic constructions. In particular, the aim of this paper is to discuss how illocutionary constructions such as Can You Forgive Me (XPREP)? have been translated into the metalanguage employed in FunGramKB, namely Conceptual Representation Language (COREL). The formalization of illocutionary constructions presented here builds on previous constructionist approaches, especially on those developed within the usage-based constructionist model known as the Lexical Constructional Model (Ruiz de Mendoza 2013). To illustrate our analysis, we shall focus on the speech act of CONDOLING, which is computationally handled through two related constructional domains, each of which subsumes several illocutionary configurations under one COREL schema.
Penentuan Permintaan Produk Melalui Pendekatan Simulasi Monte Carlo dan Rantai Markov
Authors: Saputra Arie
Published: June 2019

Salah satu faktor risiko yang sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap keberlanjutan perusahaan adalah kemampuan untuk dapat menentukan keseimbangan antara jumlah persedian (investor) dengan jumlah permintaan pasar. Karakter pasar yang susah diprediksi menyebabkan jumlah permintaan juga sulit diprediksi. Metode peramalan permintaan menjadi salah satu solusi yang bisa ditempuh oleh perusahaan dalam mengantisipasi fluktuasi permintaan konsumen, sehingga jumlah ketersediaan safety stock dapat dikontrol dengan baik. Kelemahan metode peramalan adalah penentuan hasil yang bersifat parsial dari sisi internal perusahaan tanpa melihat faktor eksternal yang dapat memberikan gangguan (disruption) terhadap capaian hasil yang telah diperoleh. Simulasi monte carlo adalah salah satu metode peramalan yang dapat digunakan dalam memprediksi jumlah permintaan konsumen. Hasil peramalan yang telah diperoleh melalui metode simulasi monte carlo masih bersifat subjektif dari data penjualan perusahaan. Persaingan pasar yang sangat kompetitif dari kompetitor membutuhkan penyesuaian lanjut terhadao hasil peramalan yang didapatkan dengan ketersediaan market. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah permintaan pelanggan melalui pendekatan simulasi monte carlo dan rantai markov. Studi kasus dilaksanakan terhadap retail penjual notebook di Kabupaten Aceh Barat.

 

One of the most significant risk factors for the sustainability of the company is the ability to be able to determine the balance between the number of supplies (investors) and the amount of market demand. The unpredictable character of the market causes the number of requests to be difficult to predict. Demand forecasting method is one solution that can be taken by the company in anticipating fluctuations in consumer demand, so that the amount of safety stock availability can be controlled properly. The weakness of the forecasting method is the determination of the results that are partial from the internal side of the company without looking at external factors that can provide disruption (disruption) to the achievement of the results that have been obtained. Monte Carlo simulation is one of the forecasting methods that can be used in predicting the number of consumer requests. The forecasting results obtained through the Monte Carlo simulation method are still subjective from the company's sales data. Highly competitive market competition from competitors requires further adjustments to the forecasting results obtained with market availability. This article aims to determine the number of customer requests through the Monte Carlo simulation approach and the Markov chain. A case study was carried out on notebook seller retail in West Aceh Regency.
The Analysis of Primary and Secondary Education Curricula in Terms of Null Curriculum
Authors: TATAR Şefika , ADIGÜZEL Oktay Cem
Published: June 2019

This study aims to examine primary and secondary education curricula in terms of controversial issues such as human rights, terrorism, sexuality, etc. determined by the participation of teachers, academicians and education union representatives beforehand. This study was designed as a document analysis which is one of the qualitative research methods. In this study, the curricula of the compulsory courses (N=16) of primary and secondary education were examined through content analysis. The curricula were analyzed in terms of controversial issues through a descriptive analysis form which was prepared by the researcher. The document analysis form was based on the controversial themes and sub-themes determined by the participation of teachers, academicians and education union representatives beforehand. The study revealed that controversial issues addressed by the education stakeholders were mostly not covered in the curricula of compulsory courses in primary and secondary education; in other words, it was the null curriculum. Furthermore, it was found that there was no relation between the general objectives and acquisitions of some curricula in terms of controversial issues.
Impact of Digital Technology on Child Health
Authors: Mridha Md Al Amin
Published: June 2019

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (1) :1-3
Pattern of Presentation of Neurocutaneous Syndromes in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Kundu Gopen Kumar , Ahmed Sanjida , Akhter Shaheen , Hossain Md Nasir , Biswas Rana Kumar
Published: June 2019

Background: Neurocutaneous syndromes (NCS) represent a group of central nervous system disorders associated with lesion in the skin, eye and possibly other visceral organs. Various cutaneous manifestations usually appear early in life, progress with time but neurological features generally present at a later age. The objective of this study is to observe the frequency of pattern and presentation of various forms of neurocutaneous syndrome.

Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at department of Paediatric Neurology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March, 2015 to February, 2016. Children (3month to 8 years) with NCS, diagnosed on the basis of standard diagnostic criteria for different NCS were included and compared.

Results: Among of 27 children,16 (59.26%) boys, 09(40.74%) girls with neurocutaneous syndrome, mean age of presentation was 38.67±18.57 (range 3 month to 84 months). The various forms of NCS observed were Tuberous sclerosis complex (48.14%), Ataxia telangiectasia (29.62%), Sturge Weber Syndrome (14.81%), Neurofibromatosis1(3.7%) and Linear nevus syndrome (3.7%). In Tuberous sclerosis complex , most common feature was facial angiofibroma ( 92.30%), Hypomelanotic macule (76.90%), Shagreen patch (76.90%). In Ataxia telangiectasia, commonest presentation was ataxia 8(100%) followed by ocular telangiectasia (62.50%). In Sturge weber syndrome, commonest presentation was facial capillary malformation (100%). Neurofibromatosis patient presented with café-au-lait spot (100%). Common systemic manifestations of NCS were found in TSC and those were multicystic kidney disease (30.76%), autism spectrum disorder (15.38%) & attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (7.69%).

Conclusion: In our study, the commonest neuro-cutaneous syndrome is tuberous sclerosis complex and it’s cutaneous manifestation is facial angiofibroma

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (1) :15-20
Cardiovascular Changes in Children with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Kabir Shahreen , Khatoon Soofia , Fatmi Lutful Ehsan , Banu Nazneen Akhter , Mohiuddin Arif Ahmed , Rana Rubina Afroz
Published: June 2019

Background: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRI), particularly Pneumonia and Bronchiolitis, are important causes of death in childhood in Bangladesh. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems function as a single unit and alteration in cardiorespiratory interactions, can cause significant changes in cardiac function. The objective of this study was to find out any electrical and functional changes, myocardial injury, frequency of heart failure and the outcomes in these patients with ALRIs.

Methodology: It was a prospective observational study carried out at DMCH from January to June 2012 on 35 consecutive children admitted with ALRI, which were further diagnosed as pneumonia or bronchiolitis using operational definitions. Heart failure cases were identified and all the cases were then evaluated for any cardiovascular changes.

Results: Most of the patients were male. ECG changes occurred in the form of tachycardia. Abnormal echocardiographic findings were noted in the form of pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular systolic (LV) dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation. 82.9% had raised CK-MB and was significantly higher in patients with tachycardia and having abnormal echocardiographic changes. Nine patients developed heart failure, 3 of them had pulmonary hypertension along with LV systolic dysfunction and one of pulmonary hypertension and LV systolic dysfunction each. CK-MB was raised significantly in all the patients with heart failure.

Conclusion: Raised CK-MB, tachycardia out of proportion on ECG and pulmonary hypertension with left ventricular systolic dysfunction were common findings in patients with ALRI.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (1) :27-34
Bacterial Profile of Neonatal Septicemia and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates in Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Quazi Rakibul , Shahidullah Mohammod , Islam Md Zakirul , Mridha Md Al Amin , Akter Shahida
Published: June 2019

Background : Neonatal septicemia (NS) is the most serious problem in special care neonatal unit (SCANU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the causative pathogens and their drug sensitivity pattern in this study, which will certainly help in the choice of specific antibiotic during treatment of septicemic neonates. The objective of this study is to isolate the causative agents of neonatal septicemia and to analyze antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates.

Methodology: This prospective study was carried out from July 2001 to June 2002 in the Neonatal Unit of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), and Special Care Baby Unit (SCABU) of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka. Blood samples from 100 clinically suspected NS cases were collected and processed in the microbiology laboratory of BSMMU and BIRDEM. The growths were identified by standard microbiological protocol and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was determined. The results were analyzed maintaining standard procedure with SPSS.

Results: Of 100 cases, 31 (31%) showed positive blood culture. Gram-negative isolates were 22 (70.97%) and gram-positive 9 (29.03%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common (41.9%), followed by staphylococcus aureus (29%) and E. coli (19.4%) among the isolates. All the three common isolates showed 100% resistance to ampicillin and very poor sensitivity to gentamicin. Gram-negative isolates were highly sensitive to amikacin and imipenem, where as gram-positive isolates were highly sensitive to amikacin and vancomycin.

Conclusion: Neonatal septicemia was found to be 31% in this study, based on blood culture, as the gold standard investigation for diagnosis. A change in microbial spectrum and change in their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern as noticed in this study will certainly help in treating such cases with appropriate antibiotic and thereby help to decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (1) :35-40
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kamruzzaman Md , Islam Mirza Md Ziaul , Siddique Abu Bakkir , Ahsan Mohammed Rizwanul , Azam AZM Mosiul
Published: June 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the name for a group of developmental disorders. ASD affects social interaction, communication, interests and behavior. It includes a wide range, “a spectrum,” of symptoms, skills, and levels of disability. It affects how a person acts and interacts with others, communicates, and learns. Children with ASD might have problems talking with others, or they might not look in the eye when one talks to them. They may often seem to be in their “own world.” People with ASD often have these characteristics: ongoing social problems that include difficulty communicating and interacting with others; repetitive behaviors as well as limited interests or activities; symptoms that typically are recognized in the first two years of life; symptoms that hurt the individual’s ability to function socially, at school or work, or other areas of life. Some people are mildly impaired by their symptoms, while others are severely disabled. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) around 1 in 68 children has been identified with some form of ASD. The symptoms are present before three years of age, although a diagnosis can sometimes be made after the age of three. More boys are diagnosed with the condition than girls. There is no “cure” for ASD, but speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, educational support, plus a number of other interventions are available to help children and parents.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (1) :41-48
Hydrogen sulfide-mediated cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion is linked to KATP channel for mitochondrial preservation but not for its distinct preference on interfibrillar mitochondria
Authors: Chandrasekaran Priyadharshini , Ravindran Sriram , Boovarahan Sri Rahavi , Kurian Gino A.
Published: June 2019

Hydrogen sulfide has been shown to protect  myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury by preserving interfibrillar mitochondria functional activi-ties than subsarcolemmal mitochondria. In this study, the role of the KATP channel in modulating the mitochondrial subpopulations during the cardioprotection mediated by NaSH (H2S donor) was investigated. Isolated rat hearts were treated with mitochondrial KATP channel closer glibenclamide (10 μM)/opener diazoxide (0.8 mM) via Langendorff perfusion apparatus before ischemia-reperfusion. The results showed that NaSH pre-conditioning in presence of glibenclamide significantly improved cardiac recovery without any significant difference between interfibrillar mitochondria and subsarcolemmal mitochondria.  In conclusion, targeting KATP channel may not be good option to target interfibrillar mitochondria/subsarcolemmal mitochondria against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Rain water quality assessment as air quality indicator in Pakistan
Authors: Yaqub G , Hamid A , Asghar S
Published: June 2019

Rain is an effective way for removing pollutants from the atmosphere. The present study was initiated to determine rain water quality for its safe use as potable water, as well as a tool for indirect evaluation of air quality of different study areas. A total of 20 rain water samples were collected from areas including Kasur, Sheikhupura, Gujranwala and Lahore. The pH (5.49 + 0.323), turbidity (12.267 + 5.933NTU), Cl- (4785 + 1458.32ppm) and F- (16.44 + 4.52ppm) contents of samples are not in compliance with drinking water quality limits (Pakistan, WHO). Average sulphate (1.396 + 0.384 ppm) and NO3 − concentrations (52.35 + 12.11ppm) varied between 1.005-2.05ppm and 36.79-81.3ppm, respectively. Heavy metals analysis showed presence of Cu, Co, Mn and Zn concentrations below WHO limits while Cd and Pb concentrations exceeded WHO limits with values ranging between 0.005ppm-0.017ppm and 19ppm-254ppm, respectively . Findings indicate that rain water can provide an insight into the air quality of an area and its potential use as an alternative to drinking water, especially in areas of short domestic water supply.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 161-168, 2019
Sexual dimorphism of Canthophrys gongota (Teleostei: Cobitidae) using landmark-based geometric morphometrics in the Atrai river of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter MM , Azom MG , Sabuz MS Reza , Islam MH , Islam MR
Published: June 2019

Studies on sexual dimorphism of gongota Loach Canthophrys gongota (Local name: Pahari Gutum) was performed capturing them from the Atrai River of Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. Females had light blotches and patches with thick and rounded pectoral and pelvic fins while males having dark blotches and patches with thin and comparatively pointed paired fins. Body size, lengths of the anal fin and distances between the bases of pectoral, pelvic and caudal fins were significantly different (5.62 < F < 11.65, P ˂ 0.05) between the sexes of C. gongota. The expansion factors of mean thin-plate grids and vectors also showed that the head region of males was statistically different from females, whereas abdomen and tail of the females were considerably broader than those of the males. Both PCA (principal component analysis) and DFA (discriminant function analysis) plots showed morphologically little overlapping of landmark points which discriminated the females from the males. These findings are the first records on the sexual dimorphism of this rare species that would be baseline in a future study.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 187-194, 2019
Teaching Clinical Anatomy
Authors: Habib Md Ahsan
Published: June 2019

Abstract not available

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 1-2
Knowledge and Attitude of 3rd Year Medical Students regarding Post Mortem Examination
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Rahman Md Fashiur , Rahman Farial Naima , Rahman Md Afzalur
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Post mortem examination is a process which is required to establish the exact cause of death in sudden, suspicious or unnatural cases. It determines the mode, manner and time passed since death.

Objective: To explore the knowledge and attitude of 3rd year medical students regarding post mortem examination at the very beginning of their para clinical course study.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was performed at Armed Forces Medical College, Dhaka during the period of July to September 2016. One hundred fifteen 3rd year students were selected by purposive and convenient method and asked to respond anonymously to a 18 item selfadministered, predesigned, pretested multiple choice questionnaire which dealt with their views on autopsy practice, the knowledge procedure, attitude and perception towards post mortem examination. Ethical permission of authority concerned and verbal consent was obtained from every respondent students.

Results: In this study, 108(93.91 %) students gave positive answer about the requirement of autopsy in unnatural death cases. A large number of students 57(49.56%) did not know about the types of autopsy, but more than half 67(58.26%) knew about virtual autopsy. Seventy two (62.61%) answered that heart is the organ sent for histopathological examination and majority 71(61.74%) could identify the viscera sent for chemical analysis. But most of them 65(56.52%) had wrong idea about the laboratory for chemical analysis. Also 70(60.87%) thought that formalin is used for preservation of viscera. Majority students 88(76.52%) answered that autopsy is performed to detect the cause of death. Greater part of respondent 98(85.22%) also said postmortem examination is neither harassment to victim’s relatives and nor disrespect to a dead body. Most of the students 113(98.26%) answered that observation of post mortem examination should be part of MBBS course curriculum and all 115(100%) gave positive response about utility of this chapter in their course studies. Forty one (35.65%) came to know about autopsy from medical books, followed by 35(30.44%) from newspaper/ story books. Almost all 113(98.26%) did not watch any autopsy before their admission to medical college. A greater part of students 74(64.35%) did not know whether autopsy cause any disfigurement of dead bodies. In present study 102(88.69%) students showed positive attitude to have post mortem examination of relatives if required. Majority of samples thought post mortem is not required in putrefied body and 93(80.87%) answered that body can be preserved at mortuary cooler after post mortem when required.

Conclusion: Post mortem is an integral part of Forensic Medicine course curriculum. Teaching professionals should give more emphasis to make this chapter more interesting to the medical students.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 9-14
Preemptive Use of Low Dose Intravenous Ketamine on Post Operative Pain after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Maruf Abdullah Al , Ershad Reza , Nazrina Sayeda
Published: June 2019

Introduction: There is a widespread belief for the efficacy of preemptive analgesia among clinicians. Different drugs and methods are used as preemptive analgesic method for postoperative pain management.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of preemptive use of small dose intravenous ketamine on post operative pain on patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Materials and Methods: Sixty patients of both sexes as per American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated into two groups. In the operating room, Group A (n=30) received 0.5 mg/kg body weight of ketamine intravenously 10 minutes before the surgical incision. In Group B (n=30) 0.5 mg/kg body weight of normal saline was injected. Post operative analgesia was maintained with on demand intramuscular pethidine 1.5 mg/kg body weight. The pain intensity was assessed at time 0 (immediately after arousal) and 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively using the 10 points visual analogue scale (VAS). Side effects like nausea, vomiting, delirium and hallucination were also recorded.

Results: For all of the evaluated times, the VAS score were significantly lower in Group A with ketamine compared to Group B with normal saline. The interval time for the first analgesic request was 22.9±6.8 (Mean±SD) minutes in Group A and 17.8±7.2 (Mean±SD) minutes in Group B and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021). The total number of pethidine injections in first 24 hours postoperatively was 0.7±0.6 (Mean±SD) in Group A and 1.9±0.7 (Mean±SD) in Group B and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.037). The mean total cumulative amount of pethidine administered over 24 hrs period following the end of surgery in group A was 97.31±10.12 mg (Mean±SD) and in group B was 151.23±12.02 mg (Mean±SD) and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.008).

Conclusion: A low dose of intravenously administered ketamine had a preemptive effect in reducing pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 35-39
Audiometric Evaluation of Hearing Loss– A Study of 100 Cases
Authors: Asaduzzaman AKM , Rabbani Sarder Mohammad Golam , Islam Md Tauhidul , Hossain Mohammod Delwar , Alam Shafiul , Azad Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Audiometry is the measurement of hearing acuity. If it is done by using pure tones then it is called pure tone audiometry. It is the most commonly used method for hearing measurement.

Objective: To find out the type and degree of hearing loss.

Materials and Methods: The cross sectional prospective study was carried out in the Audiology unit of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, in a period of 06 months from o1.03.2016 to 31.08.2016 among those complaining hearing loss attending in this hospital. 100 cases of hearing impaired people were taken and the data were collected by interviewing the cases as per questionnaire from history, examinations and investigation reports.

Results: This study revealed that people of 21-30 years were most common sufferer of hearing loss and female was predominant (61%). The most common type of hearing loss was conductive type. In the right ear type of deafness were 46 cases (51.11%) of conductive type of deafness, 20 cases (23%) of mixed type of deafness and 17 cases (18.88%) of sensorineural type of deafness. In the left ear it was 53 cases (61.62%) of conductive type of deafness, 20 cases (23.25%) of mixed type of deafness and 13 cases (15.13%) of sensorineural type of deafness. This study showed that other ranks (ORs) families (45%) were commonest group of people. This study also revealed that Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) (39%) was the commonest cause of hearing loss.

Conclusion: This study denoted that commonest type of hearing loss was conductive type, commonest degree of hearing loss was mild degree and commonest causes of hearing losses were CSOM and otitis media with effusion (OME). Since, these conditions are preventable. So, appropriate measures can prevent hearing impairment in this study group.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 30-34
Determination of Risk Behaviour and Health Problems among Rural Adolescents
Authors: Uddin Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh , Jewel Mehedi Hasan
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Adolescents are a large and growing segment of the global as well as the own population of a country. To invest in their health and development is actually investing in the greater wellbeing of the country as they constitute the nation’s core resource for renewal and growth.

Objective: To identify the risk behaviour, magnitude, sociodemographic, cultural and economic condition along with common health problems, knowledge about health, hygiene and treatment seeking behaviour among rural adolescents.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted in Baliati village, Saturia upazilla of Manikganj district and Mohashashi village, Dhamrai upazilla of Dhaka district for a period of three months starting from November 2015 to January 2016. Targeted population was 10 to 19 years of both sexes residing in the study place. The sample size was of 510 adolescents. Non-probability purposive type of sampling was followed for this study. Data was collected on a structured interview schedule containing close ended questions keeping in view the selected variables of the study.

Results: In the study, among 510 respondents 35.3% in the 10-12 years age group and majority respondents were males (66.20%). 12.74% were involved in life threatening activities. In most cases they cross busy traffic (20.9%) and quarrel mostly with any issue (23.2%). Only 1.17% adolescents were addicted. Among addicted respondents 66% took Cannabis/ Marijuana. Cause of taking drugs among addicted respondents was by imitating others (83%). Skin disease was observed in 18.6 % respondents. 95.9% adolescents take treatment when they become ill and most of them (53.5%) go to doctors for allopathic treatment.

Conclusion: The magnitude of risk behaviours and health problems is a signal to the society, non-government, government and other international organizations that needs timely and appropriate intervention programs.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 102-106
Aneurysm Characteristics of Patients Presented with Sub-Arachnoid Haemorrhage in Combined Military Hospital Dhaka and Detected at Digital Substraction Angiography
Authors: Alam Syed Zoherul , Islam Md Shafiqul , Alam Md Taharul
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Digital Substraction Angiography (DSA) is the gold standard for proper diagnosis and further evaluation of intra cranial aneurysm. Intracranial aneurysm rupture leading to Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be associated with serious neurological sequelae or even mortality. According to international literature, only aneurysm >7 mm or aneurysm in the posterior circulation require treatment. Retrospective single center studies have however, disputed that the average size of ruptured aneurysms are <7 mm.

Objective: To assess the aneurysm characteristics and demographics of patients who reported to CMH, Dhaka with SAH secondary to an aneurysm detected at Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA).

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted among the patients who presented with SAH more than 3 year period, from November 2013 to April 2017. All patients had undergone CT scan of brain in the department of Radiology & Imaging and DSA in the Cath Lab of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka. Data about aneurysm characteristics, size and patient demographics were obtained from patients files.

Results: A total of 74 patients underwent DSA and amongst them 32 patients had ruptured aneurysms. Ages ranging from 20 to 75 years (mean 45 years), little more male patients. The mean size of aneurysms was 5.8mm (range 1.2 mm to 20 mm) with 74.5% of aneurysms having size <7 mm. Most aneurysms were noted involving anterior circulation (72%) with the majority arising from the anterior communicating (ACom) artery (36.7%).

Conclusion: An aneurysm is an abnormal dilatation of an artery. It can be found in almost any age and can rupture at size <7 mm. Those are commonly located in the anterior circulation. Findings of this study emphasize the importance of conducting the institutional reviews, to consider adapting the international treatment guidelines.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 107-110
Study on Association between Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Armed Forces Personnel
Authors: Hasan Md Sayeed , Khan Md Shirajul Islam , Nayeem Jannatun
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) has an estimated prevalence of 35-65% and impacts 15 to 25% of the population at some point in their lives. Studies have shown the possible involvement of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), but the relationship remains controversial.

Objective: To quantitatively assess the association between H. pylori infection and chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Materials and Methods: This was a case-control type of analytical study and 100 patients were enrolled fifty patients of CIU fulfilling inclusion criteria with no identifiable cause were taken as case and patients without urticaria were taken as control, attending in the department of Dermatology & Venereology, CMH Dhaka for treatment from May 2015 to Aug 2016. Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed by serum IgG for H. pylori test.

Results: The result showed that H. pylori infection significantly affected a high percentage of patients 30 (60%) with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Male respondents were more positive 16(53.3%) than female 14(46.7%), in the middle aged 31-50 year about 18(60%) and triple drug therapy was successful in 16(53.33%) patients in whom H. pylori was detected.

Conclusion: Urticaria is a common clinical disorder with complex triggering factors. Chronic urticaria has provided evidence that enteric infection with H. pylori may induce the disease. In this case control study, it was evident that chronic idiopathic urticaria was associated with positive serum IgG for H. Pylori. A trial of H. pylori eradication therapy may be offered to patients with CIU and evidence of H. pylori infection.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 122-126
Multi-Drug Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Saha Debashish , Hossain Mohammad Rabiul
Published: June 2019

Introduction: In the last one decade first generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib mesylate was the choice of treatment in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) but recently, a considerable number of patients have developed resistance to first as well as second generation TKIs.

Objective: To present two cases which were first and second generation TKIs resistant and to review multidrug resistant CML.

Materials and Methods: Relevant articles and literatures were retrieved from different journals and web pages to find out the mechanism of development of drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Discussion: Two cases of drug resistant CML were found in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka cantonment. Extensive review of the literature showed that two mechanisms, namely Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) dependent and independent mechanisms, are mainly responsible for multi drug resistant (MDR) CML. In Bangladesh, it is difficult to identify the exact mechanism of development of drug resistance in CML. In a few cases, sample from CML patients are sent overseas to detect any new mutation in TKI binding domain of BCR – ABL fusion gene but it is not possible to find out other mechanisms responsible for drug resistance in CML.

Conclusion: To overcome the drug resistance in CML, it is important to use the conventional drugs used in the treatment of CML meticulously and regularly as irregular use and discontinuation of treatment will permit the development of drug resistance.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 135-140
Sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease: A Patient with Dementia and Involuntary Movement Myoclonus
Authors: Rahman Mohd Mozibor , Akhter Sanzida , Jabeen Noor E
Published: June 2019

Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD) is an incurable, invariably fatal, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal isoform of a cellular glycoprotein known as the prion protein. CJD occurs worldwide, estimated annual incidence is about one case per million populations per year. Sporadic (sCJD) is a human prion disease; infection with this disease usually leads to death within one year of onset of illness. The characteristic clinical and diagnostic features of rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, visual or cerebellar signs, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, akinetic mutism and positive result on the presence of 14-3-3 protein in CSF assay, typical EEG features and MRI findings of brain are highly suggestive of diagnosis. Biopsy of brain for histopathological examination is more specific and confirmatory for diagnosis. This article reports a 65 years old lady of sCJD who was diagnosed by characteristic findings of MRI of brain, Electro-encephalography (EEG) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assay at National University Hospital (NUH) Singapore and now admitted at United Hospital Limited (UHL) Dhaka for palliative and supportive management

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 141-144
Epidemiologic Features of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Women of Childbearing Age in a Combined Military Hospital
Authors: Nabi Syed Nurun , Rahimgir Md , Khan Arif Ahmed , Fatema Kaniz
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is a reproductive tract infection which remains a common cause of morbidity adversely affecting women’s physical and emotional health. Vaginal discharge in the childbearing age group is the most common complaint encountered every day both by gynaecologists and general practitioners. Among the cases of symptomatic vaginal discharge, Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause followed by Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis. It is characterized by curd-like vaginal discharge and itching and is associated with considerable health and economic costs.

Objective: To detect the prevalence of Candida species in patients with complaints of vaginal discharge of reproductive age group attending at Child Welfare Centre (CWC), Gynaecology Outpatient Department (GOPD) and Medical Inspection Room (MI Room) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Ghatail.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at CMH Ghatail during the period of April 2017 to October 2017. A total of 183 patients of reproductive age group with the complaints of vaginal discharge attending CWC, GOPD and MI Room of CMH Ghatail were included in this study. Two specimens of High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) were collected from each patient, one for direct microscopy and another for culture. For every patient, two wet film preparations and two Gram’s staining were done. Specimens were cultured on Blood Agar Medium and Sabourad’s Dextrose Agar Medium. Identification of Candida species was carried out by Wet film, Gram’s staining and culture examination.

Results: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) was found in 57(31.15%) of the cases. The maximum number of patients 126(66.66%) were found between 26 years to 35 years of age group. On the other hand, amongst 57 VVC positive cases, 44(77.19%)were identified as Candida albicans and 13(22.81%) were Candida non-albicans.

Conclusion: Candida albicans is the predominant organism amongst candida species identified from VVC in this study. The high prevalence necessitates adequate screening of woman with vaginal discharge in order to give appropriate treatment and to avoid complications associated with it.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 13-16
Pylorus-Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Evaluation of 50 Cases
Authors: Hossain SM Shakhwat , Rahman Ferdous
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice for periampullary neoplasms. It is considered as a major surgical procedure. It is associated with relatively higher postoperative mortality and morbidity rate, however, with development of technology, proper patient selection, meticulous operative technique, appropriate postoperative care, morbidity and mortality rate has decreased subsequently. Up to the 1970s, the operative mortality rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy approached 20% but it has been reduced to less than 5% in recent reports. This study is designed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure in our set up.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of the pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure with the intention to measure operation time and per-operative bleeding, observing postoperative anastomotic leakage and gastric emptying time. To find out postoperative wound infection and complications to detect the dumping syndrome.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from July 2013 to January 2017. Fifty patients who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticodudenectomy procedure were included in this study.

Results: Out of 50 postoperative patients, 12(24%) patients developed complications. Of these patients, 3(6%) developed wound infection, 2(4%) developed bile leakage and 2(4%) developed postoperative haemorrhage. Pancreatic fistula, vomiting, delayed gastric emptying and abdominal collection all were 1(2%) each. Postoperative mortality was 3(6%).

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the development of postoperative complications after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy is as similar as published in different studies. Better outcome can be achieved with meticulous pre-operative evaluation of risk factors and per-operative skill maneuvering.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 42-45