bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of the mineral composition of freeze-dried plant powders
Authors: Demina E N , Safronova O V , Kuprina I K , Kochieva I V , Abaeva S K
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of studying the mineral composition of strawberry, raspberry, apricot, black currant and pumpkin powders. The powders under study were obtained by freeze-drying using an innovative resource-saving technology. The results of the determination of mineral substances indicate the full composition of vegetable powders. The level of satisfaction of the daily requirement for basic macronutrients varies from 1.3 % in terms of sulfur content to 64.4 % in terms of potassium. The rate of consumption of trace elements has a value of 3.4 % for copper, reaching a maximum of 138 % for the content of cobalt. The results of the study of the mineral composition of freeze-dried vegetable powders indicate the feasibility of using them as a source of minerals in the composition of enriched products.
Effect of sucrose on the physical and mechanical characteristics of carbohydrate-protein sports gel
Authors: Matveeva Nataliya O , Novokshanova Alla L , Kuzin Andrei A
Published: September 2021

The creation of functional and specialized products from dairy raw materials, in particular those aimed at athletes, is an urgent direction in food technologies. The objects of the study were sports gel samples based on curd whey concentrate obtained by nanofiltration (NF concentrate). To increase the food density of the product, 5% whey protein concentrate was added to the NF concentrate samples: with a protein mass fraction of 30% (KSBUF-30). Rosehip syrup and sucrose were used as an additional source of carbohydrates. To impart a gel structure to the product, the vegetable hydrocolloid c-carrageenan was used in an amount of 0.5%. Ingredients of Russian origin were used in the work. Two options were investigated: with the addition of only fruit-berry syrup (experiment 1) and the addition of a combination of fruit-berry syrup and sucrose (experiment 2). The consumer characteristics of the samples (consistency, appearance, taste and smell, colour) were evaluated by the organoleptic method. At the same time, there were no obvious differences in these indicators. The rheological properties of the samples were investigated by rotational viscometry. Deterioration of structural and mechanical properties, such as loss of viscosity and restoration of the structure in the sample with added sucrose, was established.
Prospects of use of rhus typhina l. (anacardiaceae r.br.) in food and medical industry
Authors: Trusov Nikolay A , Solomonova Ekaterina V , Nozdrina Tatiana D , Sorokopudov Vladimir N , Bamatov Ibragim M
Published: September 2021

Dried and powdered fruits of sicilian sumac (Rhus coriaria L., family Anacardiaceae R.Br.) have been used in Asian countries and some others for a very long time as seasoning (spices «sumac», «zatar»). The research is aimed at an assessment of prospects for use of fruits of staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina L.), growing in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, as a spice, having medicinal properties. The morphological and anatomical, dimensional and weight characteristics of Rh. typhina’s fruits, collected in the arboretum of Tsytsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS), having medicinal properties, were studied. The content of absolutely dry matter and vitamin C in them was determined. For comparison of biochemical parameters, seasoning «sumac» (Rh. coriaria), purchased on open market, was evaluated. It was established that surface of Rh. typhina’s fruit is covered with multicellular trichomes of two types (covering long single-row and glandular capitate on two-celled pedicle); pericarp is differentiated, its structure as a whole is similar to that, described in the literature; the content of absolutely dry matter in air-dry matter (90.5%) and vitamin C (62.0 mg%) in Rh. typhina’s fruits is slightly less than those for Rh. coriaria’s fruits – 96.5% and 64.6 mg%, respectively. Mass of 1000 fruits Rh. typhina (about 12 g) in MBG RAS arboretum is 1,5 times exceed the according to the literature. Thus, Rh. typhina’s fruits may be recommended for further study as an alternative to Rh. coriaria’s fruits, which are traditionally used for making spices.
To the study of saprotrophic micoromycetes complexes associated with wild and cultivated vines of grapes in the Western Ciscaucasia (Russia)
Authors: Yurchenko Eugeniya , Lukyanova Anna
Published: September 2021

The assessment of the diversity of fungic communities and the study of the bioindicational significance of mycological parameters is relevant for the biomonitoring of ampelocenoses. We studied the quantitative and qualitative composition of saprotrophic micromycetes communities associated with annual shoots of wild and cultivated grape plants. Studies have shown that the number of saprotrophic micromycetes associated with an annual vine is different depending on the place of sampling and ranges from 232.9 … 3203.2 thousand CFU / g dry matter on wild grapes and within 118.9 … 344.1 thousand CFU/g dry matter on cultivated grapes. The highest density indicators of fungal populations - 1119.7 and 3203.2 CFU/g dry matter - were recorded on a vine from forest ecotopes, the lowest indicator of 118.9 CFU/g dry matter was recorded on a vine from ampelocenosis, On wild vines, major share in the studied of fungic communities was occupied by hyphal or mold fungi, on average their share was 95.1%, while yeast occupied 4.2%, and yeast-like fungi - 0.7% of the complex. On cultivated vines, hyphal fungi also occupied the largest part in the structure of fungic communities, but their share was 1.7 times less than on wild plants. Yeast (26.5%) and yeast-like fungi (18.4%) took much larger share.
Effect of the extrusion process on the amino acid components profile of the broilers diet
Authors: Kholodilina T N , Atlanderova K N , Kurilkina M Ya
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the studies results of the extrusion process effect on changes in the amino acid profile of the diet components for broilers. The amino acid composition of wheat bran was higher in all indicators relative to corn, so there was a predominance in the content of arginine by 77.5 %, lysine-62 %, valine-61.8 %, threonine-53.6 %, glycine-68.5 %, phenylalanine -52.9 %, threonine-53.6 % (p≤0.001), histidine – 60.5 % (p≤0.01). The extrusion of wheat bran led to a quantitative decrease in amino acids, there was a decrease in histidine by-28.95 %, valine-20 %, serine – 17.81 %, lysine-16 %, proline-14.9 %, threonine-10.72 %. At the same time, there was an increase in the concentration of amino acids in corn after extrusion relative to the native form, which was for arginine -80%, histidine -33%, proline–13%, alanine–11%. The concentration of tyrosine, on the contrary, decreased by 20%. At the same time, the extrusion process retained the predominance of the amino acid composition of wheat bran over corn for all the amino acids considered, except methionine.
Changes in the taxonomic composition of the rumen microbiome during the dietary supplements administration
Authors: Sheida E V , Lebedev S V , Ryazanov V A , Miroshnikov S A , Rakhmatullin Sh G , Duskaev G K
Published: September 2021

The degree of the dry matter (DM) digestibility of the diet and the effect of additional administration of linseed oil on the composition of the rumen microbiome of cattle were studied. The in vitro method was used using the incubator "ANKOM Daisy II "(modifications D200 and D200I) according to a specialized technique. Microflora analysis was performed using MiSeq ("Illumina", USA) by the new generation sequencing method (NGS) with a set of MiSeq reagents. With the introduction of linseed oil, an increase in the digestibility of DM feed by 2.3% relative to the control (wheat bran) was noted. In the experimental group the level of species diversity was 45% higher than in the control group. The Simson dominance index in the control group was 0.44, in the experimental group it is 0.54. The Shannon index was equal to E=0.3, which shows a greater alignment of the microbial community in the ruminal fluid when flaxseed oil was included. There was an increase in the number of bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes (64.2 %) and a decrease in Firmicutes (19.3 %)., There was an increase in the number of microorganisms belonging to the classes Saccharibacteria, Spirochaetia, Mollicutes, Lentisphaeria, Elusimicrobia in the experimental group, relative to the control. Also it is an increase in representatives of all classes of the phylum Proteobacteria in comparison with the control by 44 % (p < 0.05).
Effect of probiotic supplement feeds Amilocin on the productive qualities of laying hens
Authors: Martynova E G , Kornienko P P , Maslovskaya N A , Perepelitsa Yu S , Smirnova V V
Published: September 2021

The paper considers the result of the experiments. It was found that when adding supplement feeds Amilocin with water to laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross according to the developed schedule, the average weight of one egg for the entire experimental period in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups exceeded the values of the 1st control group by 0.89%; 2.4% and 3.13%, respectively. The egg production of the experienced laying hens in comparison with the control was higher, i.e., in the second group it was higher in 4.9%, in the third it was higher in 10.7% and in the fourth it was higher in 5.4%.
Elemental composition of body tissues of broiler chickens using organo-mineral feed additive
Authors: Ivanishcheva A P , Sizova E A , Nechitaylo K S
Published: September 2021

Consumers today are focused on safe, organic food. When introduced into the diet of animals, chitosan is able to remove toxic substances, heavy metals, stimulate cellular and humoral immunity, increasing the safety of the livestock. In this regard, the aim of the study was to study the effect of chitosan (group I), ultrafine particles (UFPs) of Fe and Cu (group II) and their combined feeding (group III) on productivity, elemental composition of blood serum and body tissues of broiler chickens. The study was performed on broiler chickens of cross "Arbor Acres" (n = 60) in the conditions of a vivarium. Separate feeding of chitosan and Fe and Cu UFPs is accompanied by an increase in the growth rate of broiler chickens. Their combined use does not give a similar result. Chitosan reduces the absorption of certain elements from the inorganic form of mineral substances. Co-feeding of chitosan with UFPs leads to an increase in the absorption of Fe and its deposition in the liver and feathers.
Method of growing broiler chickens using new feed additives
Authors: Semenova I A , Frolova M V , Slozhenkina M I , Gorlov I F , Mosolov A A , Karabalina N A
Published: September 2021

In this article discusses the possibility of using non-traditional feed additives from microalgae of the genus Chlorella, lactulose-containing preparation for broiler chickens. Balanced diets can greatly reduce morbidity, increase weight gain and improve the efficiency of poultry farming. The results obtained in the course of the experiment allow us to conclude that the complex use of the additives under study makes it possible to solve the indicated problems. It was found that when chlorella and a lactulose-containing preparation were used together, the bird surpassed its peers in terms of growth and development intensity. The advantage of indicators of live weight of broiler chickens of the III experimental group in comparison with the indicators of I and II of the experimental group was established and amounted to 2.29 and 2.66% (p <0.01). The results of the control slaughter indicate that the meat raw materials obtained from broiler chickens of the experimental groups.
Efficiency of the use of probiotics in comparison with antibiotics in pig breeding
Authors: Mosolov A A , Miroshnik A S , Slozhenkina M I , Nikolaev D V , Gorlov I F , Frolova M V , Struk A
Published: September 2021

The article presents materials on the study of effect of complex of biologically active substances "Lactumin" and "Lactusil" based on lactulose as an alternative to antibiotics in diets of young pigs on state of microflora of gastrointestinal tract and the formation of productive qualities of animals. The scientific research was carried out on basis of farm-breeding plant named after Lenin of Surovikinsky District of Volgograd Region. The level of humoral immunity was assessed according to results of bactericidal activity of blood serum obtained from results of zootechnical studies. The assessment of dynamics of live weight was carried out on the basis of control weighings and the calculation of absolute and average daily gains. Control slaughter of 5 animals from each studied group was carried out according to methodology generally of All-Russian Institute of Animal Husbandry accepted in Russia. It was found that the use of studied probiotic supplements in diets of pigs promoted a higher level of metabolic processes in their bodies, improved biochemical, morphological indicators and the level of natural resistance, and also influenced in live weight and slaughter indicators.
Rationing of non-degradable protein in diets for breeding steers
Authors: Radchikov V F , Besarab G V , Sapsaleva T L , Baranikov V A , Glushenko A V , Spivak M E
Published: September 2021

The paper provides the results of research on development of standards for non- degradable protein in diets for replacement steers of black-and-white breed. Studies were conducted in 3 groups of repair steers aged 12- 18 months, with an average initial body weight of 363-367 kg. Differences in feeding consisted in the fact that the amount of non-degradable protein in diet for steers in the control group was 10% lower than the accepted standard, in II group – corresponded to the accepted standard, in III group – 10% higher than standard. It has been determined that animals of II and III experimental groups, consuming diets with increased level of non-degradable protein, better digested dry and organic matter, and protein by 6.4 and 6.9; 6.4 and 7.1; 5.6 and 5.5 p.p. However, there was an increase of total protein by 4%, total and protein nitrogen – by 4-5% in blood of steers of the II experimental group, while in young animals of III experimental group these indicators increased respectively by 6.5 and 7%. The average daily weight gain of steers of the experimental groups increased by 3 and 5%, ejaculate volume – by 11-14%, sperm cells count – by 9-12%, amount of energy deposited in weight gain – by 4.1-9.0%, diet energy consumption per 1 MJ deposited in weight gain decreased by 4-5 %.
Formation of electronic information management environment as a factor in the development of animal husbandry in the Volgograd region
Authors: Anisimova E Yu , Glushchenko A V , Kovalenko O A , Komarova Z B , Mosolova N I , Mosolova D A
Published: September 2021

The article substantiates the need for targeted state support of digitalization of agricultural enterprises of the Volgograd region for the development of digital infrastructure. A model of electronic information management environment of an agricultural enterprise of dairy cattle breeding as a set of applied software systems and complexes designed to process legal, regulatory and reference, commercial, accounting and analytical, planning information in accordance with the principles of forming a single interactive database of managerial decision-making in terms of information security was developed. A link between the applied software systems, smart livestock complexes and the process of managerial decision-making in the electronic information environment of agricultural enterprise management is the information of management accounting and analysis. Special importance in the electronic information environment of agricultural enterprise management is given to corporate communications, providing discussion of proposed solutions, communication control of decision implementation, organization of communication with counterparties (customers, suppliers), potential partners, creditors, investors and government agencies.
Comparative assessment of productive qualities of holsteinized black-and-white cattle by lines
Authors: Likhodeevskaya O E , Lihodeevskaya O A , Gorelik O V , Makarova T N , Timinskaya I A
Published: September 2021

In Sverdlovsk region Holsteinized black-and-white cattle of the Ural type are bred. The herd is represented by large bodied, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for milk productivity. The aim of the research was to study the productive qualities of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle with a high blood relationship to Holstein breed depending on the line, and correlation between milk yield and live weight of cows. The average milk yield for 305 days of lactation in cows of both lines was almost the same, and the difference between them was insignificant. However, when considering the change in milk yield within the groups, it was found that the group of Reflection Sovering cows featured higher performance indicators – from 8.376 to 14.706 kg of milk. The difference between low productive and high productive cows yield amounted to 6.333 kg or 43.1%. In Vis Back Ideal group of cows the difference was less expressed, and amounted to 5.367 kg or 40.4%. The coefficient of variability in the groups was within the range of 26-28%, which indicates significant fluctuations in milk yield. The yield of nutrients in milk (the amount of milk fat + milk protein) was at the equal level - 783 and 730 kg.
Factors for production growth at poultry enterprises in Russia
Authors: Shastin P N , Yakimova E A , Petkovich D D , Danilyuk A V , Laishevtsev A I
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of a study of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic susceptibility of 96 isolates of bacteria of the genus Salmonella, which were isolated from various poultry enterprises of the Russian Federation during 2020, to various antibacterial drugs. Thus, 100% of the examined Salmonella cultures turned out to be completely resistant to cefixime, fusidic acid, lincomycin, linezolid, metronidazole, nafcillin, oleandomycinum, oxacillin, benzylpenicillin, pristinamycine, rifampicin, tylosin, bacitracin, erythromycin, ceftazidime. Most Salmonella isolates showed resistance against clarithromycin, spiramycin, cefepime, cefoperazone, doripenem, sulfadiazine and cefpirome - 90.6%; cefotaxime - 87.5%; pefloxacin, cefdinir, clindamycin, clindamycin, neomycin, piperacillin, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, streptomycin, cefazolin, kanamycin, azithromycin, sisomicin, furadonin, doxycycline, cefaclor, furagin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, polymyxin-B, spectinomycin, gentamicin and other types of drugs. At the same time, salmonella showed high susceptibility to: amoxiclav (88.8%); fosfomycin and trimetroprim (80.2%); ofloxacin (76.0%); cephalexin and enrofloxacin (71.9%); co-trimoxazole (67.7%); cefotaxime / clavulanic acid, sulfafurazole, sulfametizole (59.4%); ciprofloxacin (58.3%) and others. Thus, the study established a wide spread of multi-resistant Salmonella cultures in poultry enterprises of the Russian Federation.
Rational feeding as the basis for the efficiency of pork production (on the example of the Krasnoyarsk Territory)
Authors: Pyzhikova N I , Lazarevich A N , Koloskova Yu I , Vlasova E Yu
Published: September 2021

Modern technologies in pig breeding allow in a short time not only to quantitatively increase the volume of domestic pork production, but also to significantly reduce its cost. The profitability of fattening pigs depends on the value of the average daily gain and the cost of feed for the increase in live weight and the quality of the carcass. These indicators are associated with the genetic characteristics of animals, the composition and amount of feed they consume. Lack of feed and imbalance in diets leads to a decrease in the productivity of animals, therefore, their genetic potential is used in farms only by 60-70% of the possible. Feeding costs account for up to 60% of the total cost of pork production. Fodder production is the main area of innovative activity in animal husbandry, which determines the efficiency of pork production today. The efficiency of feeding is determined primarily by the cost of feed per unit of production. All other things being equal, a better feed payment rate always corresponds to a lower production cost. The use of the technology proposed by the authors allows to reduce the cost of feed in the cost of 1 ton of pig meat by 7.3-12.0%, as a result, to reduce the production cost of manufactured products by 15.5-25.5%.
Energy-saving automated IR heater for calves
Authors: Tikhomirov D A , Khimenko A V , Trunov S S , Kuzmichev A V
Published: September 2021

The analysis of local infrared (IR) heaters of young animals with an assessment of their energy efficiency is carried out. Energy saving infra-red heater with regulated heat flow depending on position of animal, for calves, has been designed. The fittings and the reflector of the IR heater allow the use of various heating elements. Electrical circuit diagram of automatic control unit of energy-saving IR heater for prophylactorium period calves, in single penning breeding technology, has been described. The outlay of installation with electric heater has been described and an example of irradiance calculation has been presented. Mathematical expression for calculating irradiance from electric radiant heater, in particular point on the heated surface, has been defined by experiments. It was found that the proposed design and heater control scheme provide a reduction in energy consumption by up to 35% compared to traditional methods of maintaining the temperature in the area where the calves are located.
Self-assembly of tartrazine molecules in water- dimethylsulphaxide solution
Authors: Astanov Salih , Kasimova Guzal , Abrorov Akbar , Fayziyeva Bakhtigul
Published: September 2021

Spectroscopic and theoretical calculations have shown that the self-aggregation of tartrazine molecules occurs in an aqueous and water-dimethylsulphaxide solution with a hypochromic effect in their electronic spectra. The deformation of the absorption spectra is accompanied by long-wave broadening. The absorption band of the dye E102 self-aggregates corresponds to the maxima λmax=463nm and λmax=483nm. Studies of the linear dichroism spectra have established that tartrazine self-aggregates, which have a needle-like structure, have optical activity. These data are the passport characteristics of self-assembled tartrazine molecules and they can be used to determine the nativity of dye self-aggregates. It is established that by selecting the concentration and ratios of binary solvent mixtures, it is possible to regulate the number of molecules in the self-aggregated dye molecules. The integration of tartrazine molecules into self-aggregates occurs by Van der Waals forces.
Development of technology for hydrothermal processing of oat grain
Authors: Nevzorov V N , Bezjazykov D S , Matskevich I V , Oleynikova E N , Koh Zh A
Published: September 2021

The paper presents technical solutions aimed at increasing efficiency of technological process for obtaining food concentrates using oat flour made from grain that has undergone hydrothermal treatment. The technology for oat flour production with a high content of biologically active substances provides for the stage-by-stage (complex) processing of oat grain, including cleaning, hydrothermal treatment of grain, further hulling and grinding. The paper describes the author’s resource-saving technology and new developed equipment, which provide for hydrothermal treatment of grain crops with removal of stagnant zones in the working volume of the chamber due to continuous mixing of grain using a screw winding, which is repeating an oval shape in the body cross-section, and equal distribution of the steam mixture due to the steam distributing jacket of the body and steam manifolds mounted on the auger shaft. The authors carried out comparison of the developed resource-saving technology with the existing technology of grain preparation for peeling, which has found wide application at grain processing enterprises. Based on the studies carried out, the main solutions have been identified, the introduction of which increases the efficiency of using hydrothermal treatment to 100%, increases the yield of whole grain in the peeling process by 90-96%, and reduces the amount of waste in the form of crushed grain by 4-6%. The developed technology and equipment are intended to be introduced into production schemes for processing grain seeds for mini-shops on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It was found that the use of the developed resource-saving technology and new equipment reduces the cost of hydrothermal treatment of oat seeds, in comparison with existing technologies, up to 8-10%.
Research of the storage process of combined feeds in the environment of carbon gas
Authors: Chernyshev A D , Kostenko M Y , Asaev A S , Lopatin E I , Patrin A N
Published: September 2021

Combined feeds form the basis of the ration in pig breeding (up to 70% of the diet) and poultry farming (up to 90% of the diet) and serve as complementary feed in other branches of livestock and poultry farming. At the moment, there is a task to increase the shelf life of compound feed while maintaining their quality and nutritional value. The article discusses various ways of storing and preparing compound feed.
Cultivation technology elements influence on the harvest structure and quality of crops products
Authors: Kryukov A N , Naumkin V N , Kotsareva N V , Orazaeva I V , Morozova T S , Shulpekova T P
Published: September 2021

Topicality and methodology. The purpose of our research was to study the influence of the type of crop rotation, methods of basic land cultivation and fertilizers on the elements of winter wheat yield structure, spring barley and sugar beet and their qualitative characteristics. The studies were carried out on typical medium-thick low-humus heavy loamy chernozem on loess-like soil in the conditions of the Belgorod region. In The maximum increase in the indicators of crop yield structure was recorded on the organo-mineral fertilization system. With the cultivation of barley and winter wheat in a crop rotation, the quality of grain increases. When growing beets in crop rotation, there is a tendency to a decrease in sugar content in comparison with grain-row crop rotation, while the sugar yield increases. The organo-mineral fertilization system reduces the starch content in the grain of barley by an average of 2.4% in the crop rotation and 1.3% in the grain crop rotation compared to the control, and increases the protein content in the grain of winter wheat by an average of 1.4%. The sugar content of beets on the organo- mineral fertilization system decreases on average by 0.8%, while the sugar yield, on the contrary, increases. Land cultivation methods in most cases do not affect the technological qualities of crops.
Experience in the use of BoHum humic preparation in the cultivation of vegetable crops
Authors: Fomicheva N V , Rabinovich G Yu , Smirnova Yu D
Published: September 2021

Humic preparations are becoming more and more popular. At the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands - a branch of the Federal Research Center "Soil Institute named after V.V. Dokuchaev" a method for obtaining humic preparation BoHum, which contains at least 10 g / l of humic acids, the presence of macro- and microelements, pH not more than 9.0 was developed. The humic preparation BoHum was used for foliar feeding of carrot plants grown on low-lying peat soil and for processing potato tubers before planting in sod-podzolic soil. The use of BoHum as a foliar feeding influenced carrot plants through the leaf surface and through the soil during the first and partially second spraying. As a result, the working solution BoHum 1: 300 contributed to obtaining the maximum increase in the yield of carrots - 13.4% (the relationship between the yield and the coefficient of mineralization in peat soil r= 0.90). Treatment of potato tubers with the humic preparation BoHum led to more intensive plant development (plant height increased by 23% on average) and activation of soil microflora, which affected the potato yield (r= 0.88). The maximum yield was obtained in the variant of using the BoHum working solution 1:10 - 10.3%. As a result of the use of BoHum, the quality of vegetable products improved: carotene in carrot roots increased by 15%, the starch content in potato tubers averaged 13.5% versus 12.6% in the control, the nitrate content was almost two times lower than the MPC for these crops.
Recovery of some elements from Empetrum nigrum L. growing in the Kola Peninsula using acid-based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Tsvetov N S , Drogobuzhskaya S V
Published: September 2021

Empetrum nigrum L. (crowberry) is a useful berry plant growing in the Polar region, in particular in the Kola Peninsula. Crowberry berries and leaves are both used in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic production. Developing extraction techniques for such plant raw materials processing is very actual and needs comprehensive study. Commonly, studies are focused of determination of the bioactive components in extracts, but for application it is important to know micro-, macro-, and toxic elements containing in obtained extracts. One of the modern methods of extraction is applying deep eutectic solvents. In this research extracts of E. nigrum L. were obtained using mixtures of choline chloride and malonic, malic, tartaric and citric acids with 30 wt.% of water. Mass-spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma was used for estimation of various metals recovery from plant material. It is obtained that extracts based on deep eutectic solvents are characterized by low concentrations of toxic and rare metals, and relatively high concentrations of macro- and micro-nutrient metals.
Analysis of the comparative efficiency of wind power plants based on the geographical location and climatic conditions
Authors: Kovalev I V , Zenutkin N V , Voroshilova A A , Testoyedov N A , Golovenkin E N , Maksimov I A
Published: September 2021

The analysis of the comparative efficiency of wind power plant based on the geographical location and climatic conditions is considered. It is shown that in geographically remote areas, where fuel delivery is not economically profitable, it is possible to use wind power plants aimed at generating heat energy. Preconditions for the use of wind power plants for heating water and heating buildings are presented, which are associated with the possibility of energy storage in the form of hot water. Therefore, the input parameters of the wind power plant model were considered taking into account the heat storage unit. The Installed capacity utilization factor is adopted as a criterion for the efficiency of the wind power plant, which determines the ratio of the energy actually generated by the device for a certain period to the maximum possible. This is the energy that can be generated if the wind power plant operates at 100% power for a given period of time. This coefficient shows how loaded the wind power plant is in a given climatic zone. Installed capacity utilization factor is calculated for each wind station separately, depending on its geographical location and the technical indicators of the wind station itself. The DEA method was used to analyze the comparative efficiency of the wind power plants and its advantages were shown, such as the absence of restrictions on the units of measurement, as well as the fact that the efficiency can be determined only on the basis of data from the sample. In the analysis, a modification of the DEA method was used, which makes it possible to take into account the climatic zone of the location of the wind power plant. This directly affects the efficiency of both thermal and electrical energy generation. A web application has been developed for calculating the comparative efficiency of thermal power plants through the user interface using a modified DEA method, which reduces the time and improves the quality of periodic calculations for the person who makes decisions about the geographical location of wind power plants.
Relationship between NDVI index obtained from MODIS and winter wheat yield
Authors: Pismennaya E V , Azarova M Yu , Golosnoy E V , Odintsov S V , Kipa L V
Published: September 2021

Programming a high-quality winter wheat crop cultivated using No-till technology is an urgent task for an agricultural producer. The use of No-till technology in soil cultivation in arid climatic conditions of the Pre-Caucasus allows increasing its moisture accumulation. Obtaining a given crop yield is solved not only by ground monitoring and crop control, but also by a system for controlling the production capacity of plants based on remote sensing data of the Earth. Thus, satellite images of various temporal and spatial resolutions provide information on the current state of crops, and field and laboratory studies - on the structural and functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, which is reflected in crop yields. This combined method makes it possible to have operational information and timely adjust technological operations included in the No-till system for its wider implementation in agricultural production. The research was conducted in 2017-2020 in the arid zone of the Pre-Caucasus on the basis of the agricultural enterprise «Agrokhleboprodukt». Temperature conditions and precipitation were not constant. The average annual precipitation in the territory is 506 mm, the average annual air temperature is 10.1 ° C, and the average annual precipitation is 30.7 mm. During the period under consideration, satellite data confirmed the fact that the values of the vegetation index NDVI grew by an average of 12 % in comparison with the average long-term data. The NDVI index increased from 0.41 to 0.49. At the same time, plant productivity decreased from 4.87 to 3.14 t/ha. The obtained data made it possible to identify a regression relationship between the yield of winter wheat and the vegetation index NDVI (R2 = 0.78) and to predict in 2021 a further decrease in crop productivity (provided that previously identified trends remain) and the need for operational remote and ground control over the state of crops.
Application of information technology for environmental monitoring of various ecosystems, engineering and environmental surveys
Authors: Borisov A I , Nektegyaev G G
Published: September 2021

In recent decades, the problem of the ecological status of not only the Russian Federation, but also in most countries of the world it is an urgent widespread problem. This article provided by the terminology of environmental monitoring, which in turn includes subsystems such as geophysical, climatic, biological and sanitary-hygienic monitoring, as well as appropriate the monitoring systems the environment. The tasks on the conduct of environmental monitoring are set and control are set, which include surveillance the status of the environment, obtaining information about ecosystems, assessing and predicting anthropogenic impacts, implementing plans and measures for nature protection, analyzing the effectiveness of management decisions and actions for acceptance security environmental safety.
Application of tillage methods and seed disinfection techniques for the development and spread of diseases in spring wheat crops
Authors: Kozulina N S , Vasilenko A V
Published: September 2021

Improving the tillage system will stabilize the agricultural sector of the Krasnoyarsk Region and meet the growing demand for agricultural products. The principles of minimizing mechanical tillage and preserving plant residues on its surface are the basis of the technology of conservation agriculture. Among the new agro-ecological advantages of the technology is the reduction of dependence on weather conditions thanks to effective moisture conservation. Improvement of the soil structure by reducing the pressure on it, partial replenishment of natural fertility by reducing (by 25-30%) the rate of humus mineralization. It is based on soil fertility management, minimum and combined tillage; differentiated fertilizer system. Zero sowing on the predecessor stubble - an element of technology - contributes to the accumulation of moisture, disruption of the plough-pan, an increase in the microbiological activity of the soil, etc. Presowing seed preparation is a technological technique that can increase the yield of wheat. Seed disinfection techniques significantly affect the development and spread of diseases in spring wheat crops. A systematic, scientifically grounded approach to phytosanitary rehabilitation of agrocenoses will ensure the prevention of chemical contamination of soil and agricultural products, an increase in yield (by 15-20%), a decrease in production costs per unit of produced products (by 10-15%), and an increase in production profitability.
The effect of the character of urban development on the small mammal communities in a northern city
Authors: Shadrina E G , Odnokurtsev V A , Sidorov M M , Danilov V A
Published: September 2021

Communities of small mammals on the territory of Yakutsk and in its vicinity have been studied. Residential areas, undeveloped sites, suburban zone, and agricultural lands are covered. A total of 2,736 cone-days and 525 trap-days are accumulated and 388 specimens of small mammals from 13 species belonging to Rodentia and Eulipotyphla orders are collected. The abundance of small mammals in different types of environment have varied from 2.2 to 22.9 individuals per 100 cone-days. The highest values of species diversity are found in the suburban zone in the areas of surviving natural biotopes. The zone of the city’s residential areas is characterized by the lowest abundance and species diversity of small mammals, primarily Eulipotyphla, and also by the presence of eusynanthropicMus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. The undeveloped territories of the city are characterized by a high total abundance of small mammals, but poor community composition, which is close in its structure to floodplain biotopes. Communities of agrocenoses are also poor, due to elimination of forest species, and characterized by uneven distribution of small mammals among the biotopes. On the whole, the anthropogenic effect of urbanization is manifested in poor composition of communities and changes in the dominance structure. The appearance of the house mouse in the zone of detached housing indicates intensifying urbanization of the territory and ongoing synantropization of the fauna.
Removal of fine suspended solids from mine waters of the Udachny underground kimberlite mine by sedimentation
Authors: Ovchinnikov N P
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the main results of theoretical and experimental studies on the removal of suspended solids contained in the mine waters of the Udachny underground kimberlite mine before their filling into well completions.
The inevitability of risk-based water quality assessment
Authors: Rosental O M , Sambursky G A
Published: September 2021

When determining water quality indicators, the assessment is carried out taking into account the possible measurement error and the probability of conformity. If there are disputes regarding the values of the indicators to be determined, the probability of non-conformity with the quality requirements and the risk factors for such non-conformity should be correctly taken into account. Taking into account the fact that the issues of water relations are related to the economic relations of business entities and, consequently, potential contentious situations, the article shows the approaches to assessing conformity, it is justified that one can only trust the results obtained on the basis of a correct risk-based approach that takes into account both a posteriori and a priori data.
Solvent sublation as a method of lanthanides recovery from weak solutions
Authors: Lobacheva Olga , Dzhevaga Natalia
Published: September 2021

Currently, the increase of effectiveness of (lanthanides (REE)) recovery from solutions by hydrometallurgical methods by integrated processing of weak raw materials is topical. The article examines the possibility of REE recovery by the example of solutions, containing ions of rare-earth elements – Erbium, by solvent sublation method (SS). Process regularities in liquid-phase systems were deduced from experiments. A polycomponent system includes Er3+ and NaDS (collector) cations. It was discovered that REE cations recovery from weak aqueous solution during solvent sublation is in direct relationship to medium pH. Here isooctyl alcohol C8H17OH acts as "traps" and is called a surfactant.
The influence of soil hydrothermal regime on post-fire recovery process in the ribbon-like pine forests of Western Siberia
Authors: Malinovskikh A A , Gefke I V
Published: September 2021

The features of the hydrothermal regime and the vegetation cover of burnt-out areas in the ribbon-like pine forests of Western Siberia have been studied on a zonal-typological basis. Dry forest growth conditions after a fire are characterized by a weak development of the ground cover and natural regeneration than fresh and moist forest growth conditions. As we move from the dry steppe subzone to the southern forest-steppe, the forest growing conditions on the burnt areas improve thanks to an increase in the annual amount of precipitation and soil moisture.
Investigation of the method of dehydration of organomineral fertilizer based on liquid waste of pig farms
Authors: Monastyrskiy D I , Zemhenko G N , Kulikova M A
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the research of possible methods of dehydration of organomineral fertilizers based on liquid waste of pig farms. Technologies and various methods of sludge dewatering after reagent treatment of liquid waste from pig farms and related processes are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, a comprehensive scheme is proposed that can meet the needs of processing waste from large pig farms and provide farmers with a sufficient amount of available fertilizers. The dependences of the dynamics of moisture removal and dewatering on the devices used are obtained. It is established that the productivity of aggregate operations for the removal of excess liquid at the first stage and dehydration of organomineral fertilizers can be expressed in qualitative indicators — different structure of the final product-organomineral fertilizer in the form of powder, granules or plastic mass. The interaction between individual operations in the technological chain is considered, the technical indicators of various scenarios of dehydration of organomineral fertilizers are analyzed.
Ensuring environmental safety of massive explosions in the combined development of coal deposits in Kuzbass
Authors: Mysin A V , Kovalevskiy V N , Kirkin A P
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the issues of environmental safety during massive explosions at the open-pit mines of SUEK-Kuzbass JSC. In the paper, the parameters of drilling and blasting operations in the performance of massive explosions at the Zarechny open-pit mine are analyzed; the requirements for the calculation of seismically hazardous zones from explosions in the open- pit mine for underground mine workings of the Taldinskaya-Zapadnaya 2 mine are determined; the conditions of seismic safety of underground mine workings during explosions in the sections by means of instrumental measurements of the parameters of seismic-explosive waves (velocity, acceleration of displacement) are established; in the ShotPlus 5 program, the switching circuits of explosive networks are analyzed; the dependence of the maximum mass of charges that are simultaneously blasted on the distance is established, which ensures the seismic safety of underground mine workings; recommendations for determining the safe parameters of drilling and blasting operations in the sections are given.
Periodic tunnelling reloaders improvement
Authors: Nosenko A S , Domnitsky A A , Nosenko V V , Altunina M S , Zubov V V , Kirsanov I A
Published: September 2021

The investigated object - periodic action tunnelling bunker-loaders. It is proposed to increase the mining operations efficiency by introducing an intermediate loading and transport element in a periodic action bunker-reloader form into the tunnelling machine - main transport technological chain, which ensures mining machine continuous operation while implementing the minimum time for loading a vehicle. It has been established that there is an experience in the bunker designs - loaders use with a traction-transporting body reciprocating movement: the transporting elements wedge-shaped or with variable geometry. To eliminate the identified shortcomings, fundamentally new technical solutions are proposed, based on a forward-acting hydraulic drive and transported elements use that provide material single movement in large volumes, at their movement low speeds. A proposed design detailed description protected by RF patents is given. The methodology general provisions for conducting experimental studies on a model setup are considered.
Summer diet of domestic sheep and saiga in the Caspian lowland pastures
Authors: Dzhapova V V , Bembeeva O G , Ayusheva E Ch , Dzhapova R R
Published: September 2021

The materials on the qualitative and quantitative composition of forage plants in the diets of the protected species Saiga tatarica and domestic sheep Ovis aries on the territory of the Chernye Zemli (northwestern part of the Caspian lowland) are presented. Data on the diet of two species of animals were obtained using the method of cuticular micro histological analysis of excrement. In the summer ration of both animal species, 24 plant species were noted, of which 4 species were preferred by both sheep and saigas. The share of cereals in the saiga’s diet was 30%, while the share of cereals in sheep is twice as high. Both species of animals preferred Poa bulbosa from cereals, the proportion of which in their summer diet was 26-38%. Herbs account for 27% of the saiga’s diet and 35% for domestic sheep. The most preferable species for saigas in summer was Carex stenophylla, with a 42% share in the diet.
Minimization of maize tillage
Authors: Ivchenko V K , Eremina E V , Lugantseva M V , Ilchenko I O
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of the study about the influence of plowing with soil turnover and of surface tillage on meter layer soil available moisture and yield of phytomass of maize. It was concluded that the most effective tillage for maize is plowing with soil turnover, because it ensures accumulation of maximum available moisture reserve and high maize phytomass yield. The influence of mineral nitrogen fertilizing was the most effective with plowing with soil turnover in comparison with surface tillage.