bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Corpus Luteum Doppler Have a Role in Prognostic Prediction for Outcome with Threatened Abortion?
Authors: Aktemur Gizem , Tokgöz Çakır Betül , Sucu Sadun , Karabay Gülşan , Şeyhanlı Zeynep , Vanlı Tonyalı Nazan , Diktaş Elif Gülşah , Ünsal Mehmet , Erkaya Salim
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the prognostic value of corpus luteum Doppler findings in predicting pregnancy outcomes in patients with threatened abortion, with or without subchorionic hemorrhage. Methods: A prospective cohort study included 180 pregnant women diagnosed with threatened abortion in the first trimester—120 without subchorionic hemorrhage and 60 with subchorionic hemorrhage. Corpus luteum Doppler parameters, including systole/diastole ratio, Resistance Index, and Pulsatility Index, were measured via transvaginal ultrasonography. Pregnancy outcomes were categorized as first-trimester abortion or continuation into the second trimester. Results: Corpus luteum Doppler parameters were significantly higher in patients with first-trimester abortion compared to those with ongoing pregnancies (p < 0.001). Among patients with subchorionic hemorrhage, those who experienced abortion also showed higher Doppler values (p < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that corpus luteum Doppler parameters effectively predicted first-trimester abortion, with a systole/diastole ratio > 2.87 achieving 77% sensitivity and 75% specificity (AUC = 0.767, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Corpus luteum Doppler is a valuable, non-invasive tool for predicting pregnancy outcomes in threatened abortion, particularly with subchorionic hemorrhage. Increased resistance in Doppler parameters may indicate luteal insufficiency and reduced progesterone levels. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
Proper QRS for EMBLEM S-ICD Across Micra Recipients—Pilot Study
Authors: Hrymniak Bruno , Skoczyński Przemysław , Skonieczny Bartosz , Biel Bartosz , Josiak Krystian , Aktanorowicz Patrycja , Wieczorek Tomasz , Zyśko Dorota , Banasiak Waldemar , Jagielski Dariusz
Published: February 2025

Background: In total, 6.6% to 11% of patients with an initially implanted implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) will develop significant bradycardia and the need for pacing in subsequent years. As the leadless pacemaker (LP) and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) population comorbidities are often similar, both groups would benefit from a hybrid solution. Unfortunately, currently, there is no commercially available and sufficiently validated interconnected set of S-ICD and LP. Methods: In this single-center, prospective observational study, 32 pacing-dependent patients after implantation of a Micra LP were screened for S-ICD on the left and right sides of the sternum using the EMBLEM Automated Screening Tool. At least one positive, both in the supine and standing positions, was considered a positive screening. The impact of various clinical variables and morphology of paced QRS on screening results was assessed. Moreover, the function of the tricuspid valve was evaluated before and after LP implantation to consider whether there is a relationship between paced QRS and worsening tricuspid regurgitation. Results: Patients with paced heart rhythm were divided into two groups based on screening results for S-ICD. The positive screening outcome was achieved in 10 patients (31.25%). No correlation between any clinical variable and screening results was found. However, right axis deviation [RAD] of paced QRS seems to be a strong predictor of positive S-ICD screening (RAD in 9/32 patients, sensitivity 90%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 96% for passing screening), and negative polarity of paced QRS in inferior leads predicts negative screening results (positive polarity in II, III, and aVF in 12/32 patients, sensitivity 100%, specificity 90%, PPV 83%, NPV 100% for passing screening). Conclusions: Right axis deviation of the paced rhythm, positive QRS polarity of leads II, III, and aVF, and negative QRS polarity in leads I and aVL seem to predict a positive screening result for S-ICD. Such a position of LP does not seem to worsen tricuspid regurgitation.
Relationship Between Epidermal Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Dermal Collagen Reduction in Skin Subjected to Chronic Sun Exposure
Authors: Hanai Ushio , Kawabata Keigo , Tsunoda Yotaro , Nemoto Hitoshi , Imagawa Kotaro , Kusaka-Kikushima Ayumi , Takahashi Yoshito , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Akamatsu Tadashi
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Temporary decreases in dermal collagen caused by artificial ultraviolet exposure are largely affected by increased epidermis-derived matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 levels. However, the role of epidermal MMP-1 in dermal tissue remodeling induced by chronic sun exposure remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the involvement of epidermal and dermal MMP-1 in dermal collagen reduction induced by chronic sun exposure. Methods: Immunofluorescent staining of 30 facial skin tissue samples was performed to visualize MMP-1. The fluorescence intensity of epidermal MMP-1 observed on microscopic images was analyzed in relation to the severity of dermal tissue remodeling and the dermal collagen fiber density. A similar correlation analysis of the number of dermal MMP-1-positive cells was also performed. Results: Epidermal MMP-1 was observed in the stratum spinosum of skin without severe tissue remodeling; however, in skin with severe dermal tissue remodeling, MMP-1 was localized throughout the epidermis. The epidermal MMP-1 signal area and dermal collagen fiber density were negatively correlated (ρ = −0.383; p = 0.0002; n = 90). However, the ratio of dermal MMP-1-positive cells to total dermal cells was only negatively correlated with the collagen fiber density in skin that was not severely remodeled (ρ = −0.746; p = 0.001; n = 15). Conclusions: Epidermal MMP-1 is involved in the tissue remodeling of skin that is subjected to chronic sun exposure and short-term ultraviolet radiation exposure. However, dermal-cell-derived MMP-1 may be involved in biological processes that require an immediate collagen degradation response. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of controlling epidermal MMP-1 to inhibit dermal tissue remodeling induced by chronic sun exposure and provide new insights that are beneficial to the development of anti-photoaging skincare cosmetics.
No More Purification: A Straightforward and Green Process for the Production of Melamine–Vanillylamine-Based Benzoxazine-Rich Resins for Access to Various Composite Materials
Authors: Guinebaud Lisa , Qiao Huihui , Guenin Erwann , Konate Adama , Delbecq Frederic
Published: February 2025

A rapid microwave-assisted process minimizing waste was set up to produce bio-based benzoxazine-like monomers produced from vanillylamine and melamine. Without excessive purification, different viscous liquid precursors had a remarkable ability to form four strong and transparent different solid cross-linked thermosets, displaying lower curing temperatures under 130 °C. The long and strong adhesive performance of the cured materials was observed using glass slides or aluminum surfaces and they could become a good alternative to adhesive epoxy resin for metal surfaces. At the higher temperatures, these solids could act as efficient flame-retardants proven by thermogravimetric measurements. The best candidates gave a limiting oxidation index value of 41.9. In order to improve the intrinsic surface hydrophobicity of the phenolic resins, slight amounts of silica and iron oxide nanoparticles were dispersed in the polymer matrix, and finally mechanical resistance was pointed out. The most promising of our melamine-based resin was loaded with aluminum pigment to furnish a silver-colored paste ready for being cured to afford a robust solid, which does not undergo contraction or deformation.
Satellite-Based Monitoring of Small Boat for Environmental Studies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zucchetta Matteo , Madricardo Fantina , Ghezzo Michol , Petrizzo Antonio , Picciulin Marta
Published: February 2025

Mapping anthropic activities in aquatic environments is crucial to support their sustainable management. Aquatic traffic is one of the human-related activities gaining relevance nowadays, and remote sensing can support the description of the distribution of vessels, particularly small boats or other vessels not tracked with other tools. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review of the literature to describe current trends, key methodologies, and gaps, with special regard to the challenges of monitoring small boats that are not equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) transponders. A total of 133 studies published between 1992 and 2024 were included. The research effort is mainly dedicated to developing new methods or upgrading existing ones, with only a few studies focusing on applications in a contest of environmental studies and, among these, only a few focusing on small boats. To promote the use of remote sensing by environmental scientists, coastal, and fishery managers, explicative case studies are delineated, showing how boat identification through satellites can support environmental studies. Moreover, a guideline section for using remote sensing to integrate monitoring of small boats is given to promote newcomers to this field.
Accuracy Assessment of Ocean Tide Models in the Eastern China Marginal Seas Using Tide Gauge and GPS Data
Authors: Wang Junjie , He Xiufeng
Published: February 2025

Accurate ocean tide models are required to remove tidal loading effects in geophysical research. Beyond a mere intercomparison, the accuracy of eight modern global models (DTU10, EOT20, FES2014b, FES2022b, GOT4.10c, HAMTIDE11a, OSU12, TPXO10-atlas-v2) and one regional model (NAO99Jb) was assessed in the eastern China marginal seas (ECMSs) using geodetic measurements. This involved rigorous comparisons with the tidal constant measurements at 65 tide gauges and with the GPS-measured M2 vertical ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements at 22 sites. The selected models showed significant disagreements close to the coasts of eastern China and the western Korean Peninsula, where the largest discrepancy for the M2 constituent could exceed 30 cm. However, EOT20 and FES2014b provided relatively close results, differing by only about 15 cm in Hangzhou Bay. EOT20 compared more favourably than the others to the tidal constant measurements, with a root sum square (RSS) of 11.1 cm, and to the GPS-measured M2 vertical OTL displacements, with a root mean square (RMS) of 0.49 mm. In addition, to differentiate between ocean tide models with subtle discrepancies when comparing them with the OTL measurements, consideration of the asthenospheric anelasticity effect was necessary.
Comparison of Rhizosphere Microbiomes Between Domesticated and Wild Wheat in a Typical Agricultural Field: Insights into Microbial Community Structure and Functional Shifts
Authors: Fang Jie , Blaschkauer Mihal , Distelfeld Assaf , Liu Zihao , Song Bin , Rachmilevitch Shimon , Adams Jonathan M.
Published: February 2025

While the differences between domesticated crops and their wild relatives have been extensively studied, less is known about their rhizosphere microbiomes, which hold potential for breeding stress-resistant traits. We compared the rhizosphere microbiomes of domesticated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its wild ancestor (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) in a typical agricultural field using 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing. Our results revealed a high level of conservation in the rhizosphere microbiomes between wild and domesticated wheat, with minimal divergence in community composition and microbial network structure. However, domesticated wheat exhibited a higher prevalence of fungal pathogens and increased functional redundancy, with significant enrichment of genes involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling. The microbial community assemblies in both wheats were predominantly governed by deterministic processes. This suggests that long-term conventional agricultural practices have imposed minor effects on the compositional differences between the microbiomes of wild and domesticated wheat. Nonetheless, the lower abundance of apparent pathogens in the rhizosphere of the wild wheat suggests greater natural biota or innate host plant resistance against pathogenic fungi. This study may provide valuable insights into the host selection, assembly patterns, and functional potential of microbial communities in wild versus domesticated wheat, with implications for manipulating microbial communities in future crop breeding.
Application of Wearable Sensors in Parkinson’s Disease: State of the Art
Authors: Bougea Anastasia
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: Wearable sensors have emerged as a promising technology in the management of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These sensors can provide continuous and real-time monitoring of various motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, allowing for early detection and intervention. In this paper, I review current research on the application of wearable sensors in PD, focusing on gait, tremor, bradykinesia, and dyskinesia monitoring.(2) Methods: this involved a literature search that spanned the 2000–2024 period and included the following keywords: “wearable sensors”, “Parkinson’s Disease”, “Inertial sensors”, “accelerometers’’, ‘’gyroscopes’’, ‘’magnetometers”, “Smartphones”, and “Smart homes”. (3) Results: Despite favorable outcomes from the early development of inertial sensors, like gyroscopes and accelerometers in smartphones, the application of wearable sensors is still restricted because there are no standards, harmonization, or consensus for both clinical and analytical validation. As a result, several clinical trials were created to compare the effectiveness of wearable sensors with conventional evaluation methods in order to track the course of the disease and enhance the quality of life and results. (4) Conclusions: wearable sensors hold great promise in the management of PD and are likely to play a significant role in future healthcare systems.
A Prediction–Interaction–Driving Framework for Ecosystem Services Under Climate Change and Human Activities: A Case Study of Zoigê Plateau
Authors: Zeng Wanting , He Li , He Zhengwei , Zhao Yang , Yuan Yan , Pang Jintai , Zhao Jiahua
Published: February 2025

Under climate change and human activities, ecosystem service (ES) research lacks systematic approaches and scientific depth. This study develops a comprehensive framework integrating advanced models to predict ESs, analyze interactions, identify key drivers, and assess spatial effects on the Zoigê Plateau. The results indicate the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020 and across three 2040 scenarios, water conservation (WC) improves, while carbon storage (CS) and habitat quality (HQ) decline, leading to overall ES degradation. Core ES areas face rising degradation risks from 9% to 29% under increasing environmental stress (SSP119 to SSP585). (2) ES importance follows HQ > CS > SC > WC, with bivariate interactions outperforming single-factor effects. Future scenarios show weakened interactions, correlating with higher ecological stress, indicating ES stability risks. (3) Land use (>40% explanatory power) is the primary driver, while urban expansion, slope, evapotranspiration, and precipitation contribute (6–12%). (4) ES drivers showed weak spatial patterns from 2000 to 2020 but became more stable under future scenarios, suggesting stronger environmental control. This study provides a methodological paradigm for ES analysis and supports ecological planning in alpine wetland–grassland regions.
Identifying Subgroup at High Risk of Transarterial Chemoembolization Failure Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Awaiting Liver Transplantation
Authors: Poli Edoardo , Allard Marc-Antoine , Laurent-Bellue Astrid , Lewin Maïté , Guettier Catherine , Azoulay Daniel , Coilly Audrey , Dos Santos Alexandre , Faivre Jamila , Vibert Eric , Pascale Alina , Prud’homme Clara , Sa Cunha Antonio , Saliba Faouzi , Duclos-Vallée Jean Charles , Adam René , Samuel Didier , Cherqui Daniel , Rosmorduc Olivier
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most widely used bridging treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before liver transplantation (LT) but may be associated with dropout and post-LT HCC recurrence. We aimed to identify a subgroup of HCC LT candidates at high risk of TACE-to-LT strategy failure (TLSF). Methods: All consecutive HCC LT candidates with French AFP-scores ≤ 2 who underwent at least one bridging TACE at Paul Brousse Hospital in 2013–2018 were included (n = 173). Dropout for HCC progression during waiting list and post-LT HCC recurrence was defined TLSF. Results: The one-year TLSF cumulative incidence was 15%. According to univariate analysis, pre-TACE AFP > 15 ng/mL was the only factor associated with decreased overall survival (OS) and TLSF-free survival (TLSF-FS) after the first TACE. The absence of complete radiological response (CRR) or pre-TACE AFP > 15 ng/mL were associated with reduced OS and TLSF-FS after a second TACE (n = 118). The cumulative incidence of TLSF reached 41% one year after the second TACE in patients with both AFP > 15 ng/mL and no CRR, while it was 7% for others (p < 0.001). Conclusions: HCC patients receiving bridging TACE, with pre-TACE AFP > 15 ng/mL and no CRR after two TACEs, are at high risk of delisting for HCC progression or of post-LT recurrence. Alternative therapeutic strategies should be proposed early for this better-defined population.
Weather-Related Disruptions in Transportation and Logistics: A Systematic Literature Review and a Policy Implementation Roadmap
Authors: Touloumidis Dimos , Madas Michael , Zeimpekis Vasileios , Ayfantopoulou Georgia
Published: February 2025

Background: The increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events (EWEs) as a consequence of climate change pose critical challenges on the transport and logistics sector, hence requiring systematic evaluation and strategic adaptation. Methods: This study conducts a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) of 147 peer-reviewed articles and reports through a PRISMA framework to comprehensively identify key weather-induced challenges, quantify their operational, infrastructural and economic impacts, and explore alternative mitigation strategies. Results: With a greater focus on rainfall, flooding and snowfall, this study highlights their notable impacts causing reductions in transport efficiency, increased maintenance costs and substantial financial losses. Also, it emphasizes the role of advanced technologies, resilient infrastructure, and adaptive policy frameworks as critical enablers for enhancing sector resilience while simultaneously formulating a robust roadmap for cities and companies with actions ranging from direct operational adjustments to long-term transformational changes in policy and infrastructure. Conclusions: This work underscores the importance of using a data-driven approach to safeguard transport and logistics systems against evolving climate risks contributing to the broader goal of sustainable urban resilience and operational continuity.
Evaluation of the Influence of Primary and Secondary Crystal Orientations and Selected Structural Characteristics on Creep Resistance in Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Turbine Blades
Authors: Gancarczyk Kamil , Albrecht Robert , Sułkowicz Paweł , Szala Mirosław , Walczak Mariusz
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the perfection of the crystal structure of single-crystal turbine blade castings made from the CMSX-4 nickel superalloy. The analysis included primary and secondary crystal orientation measurements using the Ω-scan method and the novel OD-EFG X-ray diffractometer. The selected microstructural parameters of the single crystals were also analyzed, including the assessment of stereological parameters and the degree of porosity. A creep test was performed according to standard procedures and under conditions simulating real operational environments. The model single-crystal turbine blades were manufactured using the Bridgman–Stockbarger method, with variable withdrawal rates of 1 and 3 mm/min. Heat treatment of the single-crystal castings involved solution treatment followed by double aging. The evaluation of structural perfection was carried out in three states: as-cast, after solution heat treatment, and after double aging. The crystallographic orientation of the blades was determined on both the airfoil and the root part. The study determined how crystallographic orientation and microstructural parameters influence the creep resistance of the castings. It was found that in the as-cast condition, the greatest influence on high creep strength has a small deviation of the primary and constant value of secondary crystal orientation along the height of the blade casting. After heat treatment, the highest creep resistance was obtained for the blade manufactured at a withdrawal rate at 1 mm/min.
Advancing Power Transformer Cooling: The Role of Fluids and Nanofluids—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sorte Sandra , Salgado Alexandre , Monteiro André Ferreira , Ventura Diogo , Martins Nelson , Oliveira Mónica S. A.
Published: February 2025

The ongoing pursuit of enhanced efficiency and sustainability in power transformer cooling systems has spurred extensive research into the properties and performance of insulating fluids. This review explores the evolution of transformer cooling technologies, focusing on traditional mineral oils and the emerging roles of alternative fluids, such as natural and synthetic esters, and nanofluids. Mineral oils, though widely used, degrade over time, leading to a reduction in breakdown voltage (BDV) from 46 kV to 30 kV, exhibiting low fire resistance. Natural and synthetic esters provide improved biodegradability, fire safety but have higher viscosities—potentially limiting convective cooling. Nanofluids, have demonstrated BDV enhancements of up to 47.8%, reaching 88.7 kV in optimised formulations, alongside increases in partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of 20–23%. Additionally, thermal conductivity improvements of 5–20% contribute to enhanced heat dissipation. Moreover, it addresses challenges such as nanoparticle agglomeration, sedimentation, ageing, and compatibility with transformer materials. The analysis provides critical insights into the trade-offs between technical performance and economic feasibility. Concluding with an outlook on future research directions, the review identifies key parameters across various categories, establishing a roadmap for nanofluid integration with existing transformer systems.
Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Pulmonary Embolism with the Heart QoL Questionnaire
Authors: Gkena Niki , Kirgou Paraskevi , Lampropoulos Ioannis C. , Fradelos Evangelos C. , Papagiannis Dimitrios , Daniil Zoe , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I. , Malli Foteini
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: While the acute phase of pulmonary embolism (PE) is well studied, its long-term physical and mental consequences have received less attention. Here, we aim to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during the follow-up of PE with the Heart QoL questionnaire and to assess its reliability and validity as a standardized tool. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the PE Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of Larissa, enrolling 100 PE patients (63% male, mean age 56.97 ± 16.09 years). The internal consistency of the Heart QoL questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. Correlations between Heart QoL and SF-36 subscales were examined. Results: We included 100 patients with PE (63% males, 56.97 ± 16.09 years). A total of 59% of the patients reported reduced functional capacity post-PE. Heart QoL demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.947), with strong inter-item correlations (range: 0.337–0.949). Internal consistency coefficients for Heart QoL subscales were 0.558 (global), 0.606 (physical), and 0.871 (emotional). The inter-item correlation range from 0.337 to 0.949. Mean Heart QoL scores were significantly lower than the Greek norms (global: 2.15 ± 0.829, physical: 2.17 ± 0.86, emotional: 2.09 ± 1.03). Heart QoL subscales exhibit significant correlations, with most SF-36 subscales indicating strong convergent validity. In the multiple linear regression analysis, MRC, dyspnea, reduced functionality, and the presence of symptoms were independent predictors of Heart QoL global and physical score. The presence of bleeding complications and reduced functionality were independent predictors of Heart QoL emotional score. Conclusions: Heart QoL is a reliable and valid tool for assessing HRQoL in PE patients, offering an alternative to more time-consuming tools. Dyspnea, reduced functionality, and bleeding complications significantly impact long-term HRQoL, underscoring the need for structured, multidisciplinary follow-up care that integrates both physical and mental health support in order to optimize patient long-term outcomes, especially in those at risk for chronic thromboembolic consequences.
Electrothermal Failure Physics of GaN Schottky Diodes Under High-Temperature Forward Biasing
Authors: Al-Mamun Nahid Sultan , Du Yuxin , Song Jianan , Chu Rongming , Haque Aman
Published: February 2025

The reliability of GaN-based devices operating under high temperatures is crucial for their application in extreme environments. To identify the fundamental mechanisms behind high-temperature degradation, we investigated GaN-on-sapphire Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) under simultaneous heating and electrical biasing. We observed the degradation mechanisms in situ inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) using a custom-fabricated chip for simultaneous thermal and electrical control. The pristine device exhibited a high density of extended defects, primarily due to lattice mismatch and thermal expansion differences between the GaN and sapphire. TEM and STEM imaging, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), revealed the progressive degradation of the diode with increasing bias and temperature. At higher bias levels (4–5 V) and elevated temperatures (300–455 °C), the interdiffusion and alloying of the Au/Pd Schottky metal stack with GaN, along with defect generation near the interface, resulted in Schottky contact failure and catastrophic device degradation. A geometric phase analysis further identified strain localization and lattice distortions induced by thermal and electrical stresses, which facilitated diffusion pathways for rapid metal atom migration. These findings highlight that defect-mediated electrothermal degradation and interfacial chemical reactions are critical elements in the high-temperature failure physics of GaN Schottky diodes.
Comparison of Ferronickel Alloys Produced via Microwave and Conventional Thermal Concentration of Pyrrhotite Tailings
Authors: Jaansalu Michael , Pickles Christopher
Published: February 2025

In modern nickel mineral processing operations, the aim is to separate pentlandite from gangue minerals. One of these gangue minerals, pyrrhotite, contains up to 1 wt% Ni but is disposed of as waste, i.e., as tailings. Declining sulfide ore grades and increasing nickel demand have led to renewed interest in extracting nickel from pyrrhotite tails. One proposed process is thermal concentration, which aims to recover the nickel as a ferronickel alloy via thermal treatment at temperatures greater than 900 °C. Achieving these temperatures requires substantial energy input as the reactions involved are highly endothermic. In the present research, microwave radiation was used to process a reaction mixture consisting of a concentrate of pyrrhotite tails, iron ore, and metallurgical coke. The fundamental property that determines the interaction of microwaves with a material is complex permittivity. It was found that the reaction mixture had very high real and imaginary permittivities, making it a good candidate for microwave treatment. An input power of 800 W of microwave radiation (2450 MHz) was then employed to heat various reaction mixtures for thermal treatment times of 120, 300, and 600 s. The ferroalloy grades (6–7.5 wt% Ni) were comparable to those produced by conventional heating and to those obtained by other authors using conventional heating techniques. The microwaved samples had increased metallization of nickel, which was attributed to increased melting due to the higher internal temperatures.
Anion-π Type Polymeric Nanoparticle Dispersants for Enhancing the Dispersion Stability of Organic Pigments in Water
Authors: Li Na , Li Lulu , Sun Chenghua , Fixler Dror , Xiao Shizhuo , Zhou Shuyun
Published: February 2025

High-performance water-based inkjet inks are critical for advancing inkjet printing technology. The performance of water-based inkjet inks depends largely on the dispersion stability of organic pigments. This imposes higher demands on the performance of polymeric dispersants. However, the relatively weak interaction between polymeric dispersants and organic pigments limits their performance in water-based inkjet inks. Consequently, it is crucial to seek dispersants that exhibit stronger interactions with pigments, alongside high performance, and universality. In this work, five types of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) with anion-π groups were synthesized via a simple emulsion polymerization method. Compared to traditional polymeric dispersants, anion-π type PNPs exhibited significant advantages including low viscosity, solvent resistance, and high temperature resistance. Stronger interactions, including salt-bridge hydrogen bondings (H-bonds) and π–π interactions, between these PNPs and different types of organic pigments were demonstrated by FTIR, UV-Vis, and XPS spectral tests. In particular, PNPs-5, bearing -PhSO3− groups, exhibited the strongest interaction with the organic pigments. The water-based inkjet inks, formulated with PNPs-5 serving as a dispersant, exhibited remarkable dispersion stability and outstanding weatherability. This work rationally constructs a strategy for preparing universally applicable polymeric dispersants to enhance the dispersion of pigments in water-based inkjet inks, thereby presenting a broader perspective for applications in the field of inkjet printing.
Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of Inorganic Fullerene-Like Tungsten Disulfide Nanoparticles in the Culture of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Zečević Snežana , Popović Darinka , Tomić Sergej , Bekić Marina , Rakočević Sara , Kosanović Maja , Stojanović Dušica , Uskoković Petar , Marković Milan , Bokonjić Dejan , Čolić Miodrag
Published: February 2025

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanoparticles have emerged in the biomedical field as potential theranostic agents due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility. However, their impact on the immune response remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inorganic fullerene-like WS2 (IF-WS2) nanostructures on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. The study investigated several parameters to evaluate the effects of IF-WS2 nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring cell viability, apoptosis, and necrosis. Internalization of IF-WS2 by PBMCs was analyzed using morphological and flow cytometric techniques. Proliferation was studied in CellTrace Far Red-prestained total PBMCs stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and in isolated T cell cultures stimulated with CD3/CD28-coated beads. Additionally, the production of cytokines and chemokines was measured in culture supernatants of total PBMCs and T cells. IF-WS2 nanoparticles were non-cytotoxic up to a concentration of 200 µg/mL. Concentrations ≥25 µg/mL inhibited PHA-stimulated PBMC proliferation but did not affect T cell proliferation. Morphological and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated dose- and time-dependent internalization of IF-WS2 by macrophages. Additionally, IF-WS2 significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-1, and GRO-α) in PHA-stimulated PBMCs. Th1, Th17, and Th21 cytokines were downregulated, while Th2, Th9, and T regulatory cytokines were upregulated. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that pristine IF-WS2 nanoparticles, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, exhibit notable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties on activated PBMCs in vitro.
In Vitro Evaluation of Bioavailability of Mg from Daily Food Rations, Dietary Supplements and Medicinal Products from the Polish Market
Authors: Bawiec Piotr , Jaworowska Agnieszka , Sawicki Jan , Czop Marcin , Szalak Radosław , Koch Wojciech
Published: February 2025

Background: Nutrients consumed with food undergo the digestion process, and only some of them are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and enter the bloodstream. Minerals, including Mg, are crucial for maintaining the body’s homeostasis, but their beneficial effect depends on their bioavailability, i.e., the part that can be absorbed and used by the body. The bioavailability of nutrients taken in pharmaceutical form is usually higher than the same nutrients contained in food, because their absorption requires prior release from the food matrix. Objectives: The main objective of the conducted research was to assess the bioavailability of Mg from dietary supplements and medicinal products, considering the influence of the type of diet and pharmaceutical form on bioavailability. Methods: The experiments were conducted using a previously developed and optimized two-stage in vitro digestion model using cellulose dialysis tubes and ICP-OES method. The influence of three types of diets—standard, basic and high-residue—on the bioavailability of Mg was evaluated. Results: The bioavailability of Mg from the studied diets was within the range of 48.74–52.51%. Conclusions: In the models studied, it was observed that the factors influencing bioavailability were the nutritional composition of the diets and the chemical form of Mg.
Larval Dispersal of Gray Snapper (Lutjanus griseus) on the West Florida Shelf
Authors: Bovee Eric , Murie Debra J. , Vaz Ana C.
Published: February 2025

Gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) move from inshore to offshore habitats as they mature and spawn along the West Florida Shelf. The connectivity between offshore spawning sites and inshore settlement regions along the Eastern Gulf of America (formerly Gulf of Mexico, hereafter Gulf) coast is unknown, and this study therefore predicted these larval dispersal pathways. To determine larval transport, an ocean model was integrated with the Connectivity Modeling System (CMS), which is a biophysical model that allowed for the inclusion of larval behavior and updated spawning information for the gray snapper. Our larval dispersal model showed that spawning sites offshore of Tampa, in the Florida Keys, and in the Florida Middle Grounds had the highest percentages of successfully settled larvae inshore. Larvae that were spawned at the offshore Tampa Bay and offshore Southwest Florida spawning sites were mostly transported to the Tampa Bay and Southwest Florida settlement regions, showing local retention. In contrast, larvae spawned offshore in the Florida Middle Grounds were transported northwest, exclusively to the Florida Panhandle. In addition, there was no difference in the proportion of successful larval settlers between full and new moon spawning events. Since gray snapper are an important recreational fishery in the eastern Gulf, especially off the west coast of Florida, it is important to identify spawning sites that have the largest proportions of settling larvae, such as offshore Tampa Bay.
Dengue Virus Inhibitors as Potential Broad-Spectrum Flavivirus Inhibitors
Authors: Ivanova Larisa , Naumenko Krystyna , Varjak Margus , Koit Sandra , Morozovsky Yehudit , Merits Andres , Karelson Mati , Zusinaite Eva
Published: February 2025

Background. Flaviviruses spread from endemic to non-endemic areas, causing illness in millions of people worldwide. The lack of effective therapies and the rapid expansion of flaviviral infections worldwide emphasize the importance of finding effective antivirals to treat such diseases. Objectives. To find out the potential broad-spectrum flavivirus inhibitors among previously reported inhibitors of DENV2/DENV4. Methods. The cytotoxicity of compounds was tested using WST-1 assay. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the infection of DENV2, ZIKV, KUNV, and TBEV, and the most active compounds were also analyzed using the replicon-based assay. Interactions of one of the identified inhibitors with possible viral targets were studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Results. Two out of eight previously reported DENV2/DENV4 inhibitors demonstrated the ability to inhibit all studied viruses at low micromolar concentrations. Compound C6 demonstrated the ability to inhibit both DENV2 and TBEV. Compounds C1 (lycorine), C3 (mycophenolic acid), and C7 (vidarabine) were demonstrated as inhibitors of TBEV infection for the first time. Conclusions. Several compounds, previously described as inhibitors of DENV, are also able to inhibit other flaviviruses. This work is the first report on the anti-TBEV activity of lycorine (C1) and mycophenolic acid (C3), as well as vidarabine (C7). In addition, this is the first experimental confirmation of the antiviral activity of compound C5 and the lack of detectable antiviral activity of compound C8, demonstrating the necessity of experimental verification of the computational predictions.
High-Efficiency Hemispherical Short-Cavity Continuous-Wave Yb:YAG Laser by High-Intensity Pumping
Authors: Kawato Sakae
Published: February 2025

Improving the efficiency of lasers without complex structures, expensive elements, and precise optimization will lead to cost reductions and increased practicality. Here, it is first shown theoretically that the dependence of the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency on the laser beam waist (minimum laser spot) radii for a Yb:YAG laser with a simple structure decreases extremely with increasing pump intensity and efficiency. Not only is the optimum range for highest efficiency wide, but even if the radii are doubled, the efficiency decreases by only a few percentage points or less at the maximum pump intensity of 450 kW/cm2. Therefore, it is possible to achieve sufficiently high efficiencies without precise optimization by high-intensity pumping. In the experiment, at a pump wavelength of 940 nm, corresponding to pump-level pumping, the maximum efficiency was 75.2% for the incident pump power at the corresponding maximum intensity. On the other hand, at a pump wavelength of 968 nm, corresponding to direct pumping of the upper laser level, the maximum efficiency was 76.0% at about 60% of the maximum. Although the pump focus is slightly off from the optimum, these efficiencies are close to the theoretical maximum at the corresponding pump intensities. Since no complex gain medium is used, there is almost no efficiency reduction due to parasitic oscillations, despite the high pump intensities. These results demonstrate the high practicality of high-intensity pumping for high-efficiency lasers.
Adsorption of Aqueous Nickel Ion by Biomass Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Doped Boron Nitride Composites and Its Subsequent Energy Storage
Authors: Li Xinran , Wang Boyun , Zhang Wanqi , Zhang Xiaotao , Wang Ximing
Published: February 2025

As a typical heavy metal pollutant discharged from industrial activities, nickel ions are highly bioaccumulative and carcinogenic, and low concentrations (>0.5 mg/L) can disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems and pose a threat to human health. In this study, a bifunctional adsorbent based on a carboxymethyl cellulose/boron nitride hydrogel was prepared for the treatment of nickel-containing wastewater with a high adsorption capacity of Ni2+ (800 mg/L, 344 mg/g), and after adsorption, the waste gel was converted into nickel-doped porous carbon material through carbonization and used as a bilayer capacitor electrode to achieve a specific capacitance of 40.6 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The capacity retention rate was >98% after 150 cycles. This strategy simultaneously solves the problems of nickel-containing wastewater purification (the adsorption method is applicable to medium- and high-concentration heavy-metal wastewater) and environmental pollution caused by waste adsorbents, and provides a new paradigm of the “adsorption-resourcing” closed-loop treatment of heavy-metal pollutants.
Fermentation and Bioprocess Engineering Processes
Authors: Demirci Ali , Turhan Irfan , Mahdinia Ehsan
Published: February 2025

Valorization of waste materials into valuable resources through biotechnological methods has received great attention in recent years due to sustainability and environmental concerns [...]
Development of Oil Blend Compositions to Improve the Rheological Parameters of Waxy Oils
Authors: Boranbayeva Laura , Boiko Galina , Didukh Alexander , Kenzhaliyev Bagdaulet , Lubchenko Nina , Sarmurzina Raushan , Kozhamzharova Assel , Mombekov Serzhan
Published: February 2025

The possibility of improving the rheological characteristics of waxy oils by using low-viscosity oil as a diluent to optimize oil transportation has been studied. We have previously demonstrated the processes of paraffin deposition in the highly paraffinic oil of the Kumkol oilfields group. In this study, we examine the physicochemical properties and rheological parameters of highly paraffinic West Kazakhstan oil and light Aktobe oil (with different compositions of Aktobe oil—1 to 50%). Our data show that the Aktobe oils are characterized by a low paraffin content (5.6%), a low temperature of yield loss (−30 °C), and low density (820.2 kg/m3) compared with the West Kazakhstan oil mixture (17.3%; +15 °C; 880.2 kg/m3). The effective viscosity of the Aktobe oils at −5 °C was 0.021 Pa·s, while for the West Kazakhstan oil, it was 5.459 Pa·s at +5 °C. The addition of the low-viscosity Aktobe oil as a diluent led to a decrease in the temperature of loss of fluidity (+9 °C) of the highly solidified non-Newtonian West Kazakhstan oil, as well as a decrease in the viscosity (0.367 Pa·s). Accordingly, with the addition of Aktobe oils to the composite oil, the content of naphtheno-aromatic hydrocarbons increased, which led to an improvement in the aggregative stability of the oil dispersion and enhanced the viscosity properties of the oil.
Extended Sector Responsibility—The Tourism Sector as a Driver for Improved Waste Management in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia
Authors: Wiechert Julian , Chaher Nour El Houda , Hassan Gasser , Nassour Abdallah , Nelles Michael
Published: February 2025

The world is facing climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, significantly impacting lower-middle-income countries like Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, which depend heavily on tourism. Poor waste management, unclear responsibilities, and weak policies contribute to environmental degradation. Tourism, a key economic driver, also increases the problem by high plastic use and waste generation during peak seasons. This study evaluates current waste management practices in Alexandria (Egypt), Essaouira (Morocco), and Hammam Sousse (Tunisia) and proposes improvements using a newly developed “Extended Sector Responsibility” (ESR) model, which introduces an innovative organizational approach to waste management in touristic destinations. Using a combination of desk research, questionnaires, waste sorting analyses, and expert interviews, our research identifies systemic deficiencies. None of the studied locations have formal source separation systems, and waste management heavily depends on the informal sector. Hotels exhibit limited capacity for effective waste practices due to the lack of municipal infrastructure for separate collection. Economic analysis of the ESR model, which involves the establishment of a new waste recovery facility, demonstrates that while such facilities can generate revenue exceeding operational costs under specific scenarios, their long-term viability hinges on additional funding, possibly through Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mechanisms. Although Egypt and Tunisia have EPR legislation, implementation remains inadequate, and Morocco lacks such frameworks. The study emphasizes the critical need for investments in municipal waste management infrastructure, including logistics, sorting, and recycling systems. It also highlights actionable opportunities for the tourism sector to reduce waste by minimizing single-use plastics and food waste. By adopting the ESR model, the tourism sector can play a pivotal role in transitioning to a circular economy, ultimately mitigating environmental impacts and enhancing sustainability in the region.
PhenoCam Guidelines for Phenological Measurement and Analysis in an Agricultural Cropping Environment: A Case Study of Soybean
Authors: Sunoj S. , Igathinathane C. , Saliendra Nicanor  , Hendrickson John , Archer David , Liebig Mark
Published: February 2025

A PhenoCam is a near-surface remote sensing system traditionally used for monitoring phenological changes in diverse landscapes. Although initially developed for forest landscapes, these near-surface remote sensing systems are increasingly being adopted in agricultural settings, with deployment expanding from 106 sites in 2020 to 839 sites by February 2025. However, agricultural applications present unique challenges because of rapid crop development and the need for precise phenological monitoring. Despite the increasing number of PhenoCam sites, clear guidelines are missing on (i) the phenological analysis of images, (ii) the selection of a suitable color vegetation index (CVI), and (iii) the extraction of growth stages. This knowledge gap limits the full potential of PhenoCams in agricultural applications. Therefore, a study was conducted in two soybean (Glycine max L.) fields to formulate image analysis guidelines for PhenoCam images. Weekly visual assessments of soybean phenological stages were compared with PhenoCam images. A total of 15 CVIs were tested for their ability to reproduce the seasonal variation from RGB, HSB, and Lab color spaces. The effects of image acquisition time groups (10:00 h–14:00 h) and object position (ROI locations: far, middle, and near) on selected CVIs were statistically analyzed. Excess green minus excess red (EXGR), color index of vegetation (CIVE), green leaf index (GLI), and normalized green red difference index (NGRDI) were selected based on the least deviation from their loess-smoothed phenological curve at each image acquisition time. For the selected four CVIs, the time groups did not have a significant effect on CVI values, while the object position had significant effects at the reproductive phase. Among the selected CVIs, GLI and EXGR exhibited the least deviation within the image acquisition time and object position groups. Overall, we recommend employing a consistent image acquisition time to ensure sufficient light, capture the largest possible image ROI in the middle region of the field, and apply any of the selected CVIs in order of GLI, EXGR, NGRDI, and CIVE. These results provide a standardized methodology and serve as guidelines for PhenoCam image analysis in agricultural cropping environments. These guidelines can be incorporated into the standard protocol of the PhenoCam network.