bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics of Generation Z Students and Implications for Future Learning Methods
Authors: Hendrastomo Grendi , Januarti Nur Endah
Published: June 2023

This study aims to uncover the characteristics of the present generation (Millennials / Gen-Z) as part of providing an overview for teachers to better understand their students, so that they have an impact on improving the quality of learning. The research used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were students / high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis was carried out using an interactive approach where the data that had been collected was then reduced to simplify the information obtained and then presented and concluded descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the characteristics of today's students differ from those of the previous generation. Students currently have self-confidence, creativity, competitive competitiveness, realistic realism, curiosity, independence, and exclusive exclusivity. From the character of students, the effort to recognize the prospective teacher is to change the mindset, encourage the creativity of prospective teachers in developing the learning process and empowerment strategies, and it is necessary to develop a variety of creative and innovative learning media, able to utilize technology to support the learning process and increase the intensity of communication and encourage inclusiveness. The ability of teachers to understand the characteristics of students is the key to achieving effective and enjoyable learning. Teachers inevitably have to merge and enter into the thinking of millennials/gen-z.
Learning Strategies in Developing Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students : Theory of Planned Behavior Approach
Authors: Afiat Muhammad Nur , Rijal Syamsu , Koesoemasari Dian Safitri Pantja , Furqan Andi Chairil , Abdullah Muhammad Ikbal
Published: June 2023

This research aims to analyze the influence of personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention of students in the context of learning strategies. The research used a survey method, where questionnaires were distributed to 501 students from several universities using Google Forms. The collected data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate that attitude toward behavior, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms are important factors that influence entrepreneurial intention in the context of learning strategies. A positive attitude towards behavior increases perceived behavioral control, and a supportive subjective norm can lead to a greater intention to start and manage a business. Although communication may not directly affect behavior, it can indirectly influence behavior through perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intention. It is important to consider a range of factors that may impact behavior and design learning strategies that comprehensively address these factors. The quality and nature of communication, along with other variables, may also impact its effect on behavior in learning strategies.
Exploration of Scientific Literacy in Indonesian Language Textbooks for Elementary and Secondary School
Authors: Mahyudi Johan
Published: June 2023

This study aims to explore scientific literacy in Indonesian language textbooks at the elementary and secondary school levels. The explorative qualitative method was applied in this study. The data was collected through explanation materials, procedural writings, scientific papers, exposition texts, and review texts from Indonesian language textbooks for elementary and middle school students. This study's data analysis technique was content analysis. The data was analyzed to confirm its suitability with the type of text represented and then validated for its role in supporting scientific literacy. The results of the research showed that (1) not all sample texts met the basic criteria as appropriate teaching materials; (2) if the text met the criteria as an example text of teaching materials, the text did not contain aspects of scientific literacy; and (3) of all the texts examined, only explanatory texts for elementary level students contained scientific literacy content in addition to meeting the criteria as sample texts of teaching materials. Based on these findings, Indonesian language textbook compilers should be more cautious in selecting samples of texts that will be discussed collaboratively by teachers and students.
The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and Creativity on Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention : The Perspective of Effectuation and Cognitive Flexibility Theory
Authors: Atrup Atrup , Diawati Prety , Syamsuri Syamsuri , Pramono Susatyo Adhi , Ausat Abu Muna Almaududi
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education and creativity on students' entrepreneurial intention through the perspective of Effectuation Theory and Cognitive Flexibility Theory. The research used a quantitative approach to analyze structural equation modeling (SEM) and Partial Least Square (PLS). Respondents were drawn from 100 university students in Subang Regency, Indonesia, through an online questionnaire. The findings of this study showed positive and significant evidence between entrepreneurship education, creativity, and students' entrepreneurial intention. Through the Effectuation and Cognitive Flexibility Theory principles, students could develop the entrepreneurial attitude, adaptability, and creative thinking necessary to run their own businesses. Entrepreneurship education helps them understand business opportunities, utilize existing resources, and cope with uncertainty.
Setting epidemiological cut-off values for Vibrio harveyi relevant to MIC data generated by a standardised microdilution method
Authors: Smith P , Cortinovis L , Pretto T , Manfrin A , Florio D , Fioravanti M , Baron S , Le Devendec L , Jouy E , Le Breton A , Picon-Camacho S , Zupičić IG , Oraić D , Zrnčić S
Published: June 2023

The lack of internationally harmonised criteria for interpreting the data generated by standardised susceptibility testing methods presents a serious obstacle for the development of prudent use of antimicrobials in aquaculture. The data required to set epidemiological cut-off values for minimum inhibitory concentrations for antibiotic agents against Vibrio harveyi was determined using a standard microdilution method that specified the use of cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth and incubation at 28°C for 24 to 28 h. In total, 120 observations were made in 4 independent laboratories from 109 unique isolates. The aggregated data from these laboratories were analysed by the normalised resistance method and by ECOFFinder to calculate epidemiological cut-off values. The data for chloramphenicol, meropenem and sulfamethoxazole were not considered as suitable for analysis. The data for ampicillin indicated that this species is innately resistant to this agent. No acceptable ranges for quality control strains have been set for ceftazidime and, therefore, only provisional cut-off values could be generated for this agent. The epidemiological cut-off values were, however, calculated for the other 6 agents. These values were ≤0.5 µg ml-1 for enrofloxacin, ≤1 µg ml-1 for florfenicol, oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline, ≤4 µg ml-1 for gentamicin and ≤0.5/9.5 µg ml-1 for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Evidence is presented demonstrating that the data for these 6 antimicrobial agents was of sufficient quantity and quality that they could be used by the relevant authorities to set internationally harmonised, consensus epidemiological cut-off values for V. harveyi.
Silindirik yoğunlaştırmada sıvama makarası kullanımı; masif ağaçta (Karaçam) yoğunlaştırılma sonrası sertlik, parlaklık ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü değişimi
Authors: KAYA Zafer , SOFUOĞLU Sait Dündar
Published: June 2023

Ağaç malzemeler birçok olumlu özelliğe sahip olmasından dolayı geçmişten günümüze her alanda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Özelliklerini iyileştirmek, kullanım alanlarının yaygınlaşmasını ve doğal olan bu malzemenin daha fazla tercih edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Ağaç malzemenin özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla yapılan çalışmalardan birisi de yoğunlaştırma işlemidir. Yoğunlaştırma işlemleri, ağaç malzemenin fiziksel ve mekaniksel özelliklerini iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Ağaç malzemenin yoğunlaştırılması çeşitli metotlar kullanılarak gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada silindir şeklindeki tornalanmış karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold) ağaç türünün yoğunlaştırılması bu amaç için tasarlanarak imalatı yapılmış olan sıvama makarası kullanılarak torna tezgahında gerçekleştirilmiştir. 0.081, 0.121 ve 0.202 mm/devir ilerleme miktarlarında, 200 ve 400 devir/dakika devir sayılarında, 0.5 ve 1 mm yüzey yoğunlaştırma derinliklerinde yoğunlaştırma işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yoğunlaştırma yapılmamış ve çeşitli yoğunlaştırma koşullarında yüzeyleri yoğunlaştırılmış silindir şeklindeki masif ağaç malzemelerde sertlik, parlaklık ve pürüzlülük ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm yoğunlaştırma koşullarında sertlik ve parlaklık değerlerinde artış, pürüzlülük değerlerinde (Rz) düşme meydana gelmiştir. En yüksek sertlik ve parlaklık değerleri 1 mm yoğunlaştırma derinliği, 200 devir/dakika devir sayısı ve 0.121 mm/devir ilerleme miktarında elde edilmiştir. En düşük Rz değeri 1 mm yoğunlaştırma derinliği, 400 devir/dakika devir sayısı ve 0.081 mm/devir ilerleme miktarında elde edilmiştir.
On sums involving divisor function, Euler's totient function, and floor function
Authors: Sebata Junya
Published: June 2023

Every positive integer $l \in \mathbb{N}$ can be formed $l = (m + n)d$, provided $gcd(m,n)=1$. From this point of view, the next formulas $n=\sum_{d|l} \varphi(d)$ and $\frac{n(n+1)}{2}=\sum_{k=1}^{n} \varphi(k)[\frac{n}{k}]$, and these equivalence had been proved. In this paper on an extension of these results, the next formula is proved: $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \sum_{\substack{(a+b)c=k \\ gcd(a,b)=1}} f(a,b)\cdot g(c) = \sum_{k=1}^{n} \sum_{\substack{a+b=k \\ gcd(a,b)=1}} f(a,b) \sum_{i\leq [\frac{n}{k}]} g(i) = \sum_{a+b \leq n} f(\frac{a}{gcd(a,b)},\frac{b}{gcd(a,b)})\cdot g(gcd(a,b))$. As corollaries, we have $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \tau(k)=\sum_{k=1}^{n} [\frac{n}{k}] = \sum_{a+b \leq n} \frac{1}{\varphi(\frac{a+b}{gcd(a,b)})}$, $\tau(n)=\sum_{a+b = n} \frac{1}{\varphi(\frac{a+b}{gcd(a,b)})}$, $\sum_{\substack{a+b=n \\ gcd(a,b)=1}} gcd(a-1,b+1) = \sum_{a+b=n} \frac{\varphi(n)}{\varphi(\frac{n}{gcd(a,b)})}$, and so on. In addition to it, we evaluate a sequence $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \varphi(k)\tau(k)$.
[Corrigendum] Note on the Riemann Hypothesis: International Conference on Recent Developments in Mathematics (ICRDM 2022)
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: June 2023

Robin's criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^{\gamma} \cdot n \cdot \log \log n$ holds for all natural numbers $n > 5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum-of-divisors function of $n$ and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. We require the properties of superabundant numbers, that is to say left to right maxima of $n \mapsto \frac{\sigma(n)}{n}$. In this note, using Robin's inequality on superabundant numbers, we prove that the Riemann hypothesis is true. This is a "Corrigendum" for a paper presentation at the ICRDM 2022 held at Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, UAE during 24-26 August 2022. Besides, this proof is an extension of the article "Robin's criterion on divisibility" published by The Ramanujan Journal on May 3rd, 2022.
Three-dimensional computed tomography mapping techniques in the morphometric analysis of AO/OTA 33A and 33C distal femoral fractures: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Chen Song , Zheng Zhenxin , Guo Jinku , Hong Shengkun , Zhou Weijun , Xie Jun , Wang Wei
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Complex distal femoral fractures involve a challenging set of considerations that must be known to provide optimal management. This study aimed to determine the location and frequency of fracture lines and comminution zones in AO/OTA types 33A and 33C distal femoral fractures using three-dimensional computed tomography mapping.

Methods: Seventy-four consecutive eligible patients were included. Fracture fragments for each patient were reconstructed, virtually reduced, and adjusted to match the distal femoral template. Then, all fracture lines and comminuted areas were extracted in transparent mode, and corresponding heat maps were constructed. Finally, these maps, along with the quantitative analysis findings of the counts and volumes of each fragment, were used to summarize the characteristics of the fractures.

Results: Thirty-four females and 40 males [average age, 58 years (range, 18–92 years)] presented with a distal femoral fracture. There were 53 AO/OTA type 33A fractures, and 21 AO/OTA type 33C fractures. These two patterns differed significantly on fracture fragment count, comminuted zone fracture fragment count, and mean comminuted zone fracture fragment volume (p < 0.05). Most of the fracture line heat zones were in the femoral epiphysis, intercondylar notch of the femur, and patellofemoral joint. The comminuted area heat regions were mostly found on the lateral, anterior, and posterior femoral diaphysis, with less involvement on the medial side.

Conclusion: Our findings may serve as a guide for the surgical approach selection of complex distal femur fractures, the placement strategy of the internal fixation, and the optimization of the osteotomy plan for biomechanical studies.
OpenDSU: digital sovereignty in PharmaLedger
Authors: Sammeth Michael , Ursache Nicu-Cosmin , Alboaie Sînică
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Distributed ledger networks, chiefly those based on blockchain technologies, currently are heralding a next-generation of computer systems that aims to suit modern users’ demands. Over the recent years, several technologies for blockchains, off-chaining strategies, as well as decentralised and respectively self-sovereign identity systems have shot up so fast that standardisation of the protocols is lagging behind, severely hampering the interoperability of different approaches. Moreover, most of the currently available solutions for distributed ledgers focus on either home users or enterprise use case scenarios, failing to provide integrative solutions addressing the needs of both.

Methods: Herein, we introduce the OpenDSU platform that allows to interoperate generic blockchain technologies, organised–and possibly cascaded in a hierarchical fashion–in domains. To achieve this flexibility, we seamlessly integrated a set of well conceived components that orchestrate off-chain data and provide granularly resolved and cryptographically secure access levels, intrinsically nested with sovereign identities across the different domains. The source code and extensive documentation of all OpenDSU components described herein are publicly available under the MIT open-source licence at https://opendsu.com.

Results: Employing our platform to PharmaLedger, an inter-European network for the standardisation of data handling in the pharmaceutical industry and in healthcare, we demonstrate that OpenDSU can cope with generic demands of heterogeneous use cases in both, performance and handling substantially different business policies.

Discussion: Importantly, whereas available solutions commonly require a pre-defined and fixed set of components, no such vendor lock-in restrictions on the blockchain technology or identity system exist in OpenDSU, making systems built on it flexibly adaptable to new standards evolving in the future.
Metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Charkos Tesfaye Getachew , Getnet Menberu
Published: June 2023

Background

Metabolic syndrome is one of the most serious global public health problems. It is associated with a higher risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular diseases. However, the magnitude of metabolic syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is not well understood, especially in developing countries such as Ethiopia.

Objective

To determine the magnitude of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia, in 2022.

Method

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1 to October 30, 2022. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7.2 and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model this study. Statistical significance was set at p-values of < 0.05.

Result

A total of 237 participants were included in this study, with a response rate of 95.1%. Overall, the magnitude of metabolic syndrome was 53.2% (95% CI: 46.8 - 59.6), 41.3% (95% CI: 35.0 - 47.5), and 41.8% (95% CI: 35.5 – 48.1) based on 2009 harmonized criteria of MetS, Revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, respectively. In multivariable logistic analysis, urban residence (AOR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.46-6.42), earning a high income (AOR=5.87 95% CI: 1.8-19.1), history of cardiac illness (AOR=3.33, 95% CI: 1.41-7.84), history of hypertension (AOR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.22-5.78), dyslipidemia (AOR=4.47, 95% CI: 1.96-10.19), current cigarette smoker (AOR=6.2, 95% CI: 1.7-22.93), sedentary activity (AOR=3.62, 95% CI: 1.68-7.82), use of palm oil (AOR=4.87, 95% CI: 2.06-11.51), and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR=3.36, 95% CI: 1.57-7.16) were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggested that the magnitude of metabolic syndrome among T2DM patients was high. We found consistent results using the NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria. Similarly, urban residence, high income, history of cardiac, history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, current cigarette smoker, sedentary activity, palm oil, and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome.
Impacts of gender and age on meibomian gland in aged people using artificial intelligence
Authors: Huang Binge , Fei Fangrong , Wen Han , Zhu Ye , Wang Zhenzhen , Zhang Shuwen , Hu Liang , Chen Wei , Zheng Qinxiang
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of age and gender on meibomian gland (MG) parameters and the associations among MG parameters in aged people using a deep-learning based artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods: A total of 119 subjects aged ≥60 were enrolled. Subjects completed an ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, received ocular surface examinations including Meibography images captured by Keratograph 5M, diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and assessment of lid margin and meibum. Images were analyzed using an AI system to evaluate the MG area, density, number, height, width and tortuosity.

Results: The mean age of the subjects was 71.61 ± 7.36 years. The prevalence of severe MGD and meibomian gland loss (MGL) increased with age, as well as the lid margin abnormities. Gender differences of MG morphological parameters were most significant in subjects less than 70 years old. The MG morphological parameters detected by AI system had strong relationship with the traditional manual evaluation of MGL and lid margin parameters. Lid margin abnormities were significantly correlated with MG height and MGL. OSDI was related to MGL, MG area, MG height, plugging and lipid extrusion test (LET). Male subjects, especially the ones who smoke or drink, had severe lid margin abnormities, and significantly decreased MG number, height, and area than the females.

Conclusion: The AI system is a reliable and high-efficient method for evaluating MG morphology and function. MG morphological abnormities developed with age and were worse in the aging males, and smoking and drinking were risk factors.
Hollow-polydopamine-nanocarrier-based near-infrared-light/pH-responsive drug delivery system for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage treatment
Authors: Zhang Lingyan , Li Mifang , Wang Yeying , Liu Yibiao , Zhang Feiyuan , Lin Zhihao , Zhang Yuling , Ma Mingliang , Wang Shouju
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a serious complication caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Tissue damage and changes in immune response are all associated with excessive free radical production. Therefore, removing excess reactive oxygen species are considered a feasible scheme for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage treatment. Cyclophosphamide is often used as the main therapeutic drug in clinics. However, CTX carries a high risk of dose-increasing toxicity, treatment intolerance, and high recurrence rate. The combination of therapeutic drugs and functional nanocarriers may provide an effective solution. PDA is rich in phenolic groups, which can remove the reactive oxygen species generated in inflammatory reactions, and can serve as excellent free radical scavengers.

Methods: We developed a hollow polydopamine (HPDA) nanocarrier loaded with CTX by ionization to prepare the novel nanoplatform, CTX@HPDA, for DAH treatment. The monodisperse silica nanoparticles were acquired by reference to the typical Stober method. PDA was coated on the surface of SiO2 by oxidation self-polymerization method to obtain SiO2@PDA NPs. Then, HPDA NPs were obtained by HF etching. Then HPDA was loaded with CTX by ionization to prepare CTX@HPDA. Then we tested the photothermal effect, animal model therapeutics effect, and biosafety of CTX@HPDA.

Results: Material tests showed that the CTX@ HPDA nanoplatform had a uniform diameter and could release CTX in acidic environments. The vitro experiments demonstrated that CTX@HPDA has good photothermal conversion ability and photothermal stability. Animal experiments demonstrated that the CTX@HPDA nanoplatform had good biocompatibility. The nanoplatform can dissociate in acidic SLE environment and trigger CTX release through photothermal conversion. Combining HPDA, which scavenges oxygen free radicals, and CTX, which has immunosuppressive effect, can treat pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE. Micro-CT can be used to continuously analyze DAH severity and lung changes in mice after treatment. The pulmonary exudation in the various treatment groups improved to varying degrees.

Discussion: In this study, we report a photothermal/PH-triggered nanocarrier (CTX@HPDA) for the precise treatment of SLE-DAH. CTX@HPDA is a simple and efficient nanocarrier system for DAH therapy. This work provides valuable insights into SLE treatment.
Experimental infections in red-legged partridges reveal differences in host competence between West Nile and Usutu virus strains from Southern Spain
Authors: Llorente Francisco , Gutiérrez-López Rafael , Pérez-Ramirez Elisa , Sánchez-Seco María Paz , Herrero Laura , Jiménez-Clavero Miguel Ángel , Vázquez Ana
Published: June 2023

Introduction

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are emerging zoonotic arboviruses sharing the same life cycle with mosquitoes as vectors and wild birds as reservoir hosts. The main objective of this study was to characterize the pathogenicity and course of infection of two viral strains (WNV/08 and USUV/09) co-circulating in Southern Spain in a natural host, the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), and to compare the results with those obtained with the reference strain WNV/NY99.

Methods

WNV inoculated birds were monitored for clinical and analytical parameters (viral load, viremia, and antibodies) for 15 days post-inoculation.

Results and discussion

Partridges inoculated with WNV/NY99 and WNV/08 strains showed clinical signs such as weight loss, ruffled feathers, and lethargy, which were not observed in USUV/09-inoculated individuals. Although statistically significant differences in mortality were not observed, partridges inoculated with WNV strains developed significantly higher viremia and viral loads in blood than those inoculated with USUV. In addition, the viral genome was detected in organs and feathers of WNV-inoculated partridges, while it was almost undetectable in USUV-inoculated ones. These experimental results indicate that red-legged partridges are susceptible to the assayed Spanish WNV with pathogenicity similar to that observed for the prototype WNV/NY99 strain. By contrast, the USUV/09 strain was not pathogenic for this bird species and elicited extremely low viremia levels, demonstrating that red-legged partridges are not a competent host for the transmission of this USUV strain.
Sustaining insect biodiversity in agricultural systems to ensure future food security
Authors: Jankielsohn Astrid
Published: June 2023

An additional threat to sustainable food production, besides climate change, is declining biodiversity, especially in insects. To mitigate this threat, we need to determine the drivers of biodiversity decline. Insect biodiversity decline can be mainly attributed to the intensification of agriculture with the main drivers being habitat loss and use of agro-chemicals. We must view changes to more sustainable practices in agricultural management critically to determine whether these changes will sustain insect biodiversity. The first consideration for farmers is to make a profit and the priority in choosing a certain farming practice will be based on agronomic and economic gains. Damage to crops by insects, pathogens and weeds has always been a major limitation to crop yield and the management of pests, pathogens and weeds is therefore an important consideration. To reach the goal of sustaining biodiversity farmers will have to find a tradeoff between economic gain and protecting biodiversity. They will have to decide how much land they can spare for natural areas and still make a profit. Farmers will also need incentives to consider this. We will have to concentrate more on the restoration of habitats in agricultural lands and find interventions to limit the expansion of land use for agricultural development. This will enable us to reach the goal of the half-earth theory,proposed by Prof E.O. Wilson, where half of the land is conserved to safeguard biodiversity,
Bioinformatics analysis of lncRNA-related ceRNA networks in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of Kazakh patients with essential hypertension in Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Yan , Gao Jie , Zhang Liang , Yang Rui , Zhang Yingying , Shan Liya , Li Xinzhi , Ma Ketao
Published: June 2023

Objective

Here, we aimed to investigate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression characteristics in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of Xinjiang Kazakh people with essential hypertension and the underlying regulatory mechanisms of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA).

Methods

From April 2016 to May 2019, six Kazakh patients with essential hypertension and six Kazakh healthy participants were randomly selected from the inpatient and outpatient cardiology departments of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Xinjiang. After detecting the expression levels of lncRNA and mRNA in the peripheral blood lymphocytes using gene chip technology, their levels in the hypertensive group were compared with those in the control group. Six differentially expressed lncRNAs were randomly selected for real-time PCR to verify the accuracy and reliability of the gene chip results. GO functional clustering and KEGG pathway analyses were performed for differentially expressed genes. The ceRNA regulatory network of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA was constructed, followed by visualization of the results. The expressions of miR-139-5p and DCBLD2 after PVT1 overexpression in 293T cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.

Results

In the test group, 396 and 511 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, were screened out. The trend of real-time PCR results was consistent with that of the microarray results. The differentially expressed mRNAs were found to be primarily involved in the adhesion spot, leukocyte migration via endothelial cells, gap junction, actin cytoskeleton regulation, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction signaling pathways. By constructing the ceRNA regulatory network, we found that lncRNA PVT1-miR-139-5p-DCBLD2 has a potential ceRNA regulatory mechanism involved in the development of essential hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakh people. In 293T cells, lncRNA PVT1 overexpression inhibited miR-139-5p and DCBLD2 levels.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that differentially expressed lncRNAs may be involved in the development of essential hypertension. lncRNA PVT1-miR-139-5p-DCBLD2 was indicated to comprise a potential ceRNA regulatory mechanism involved in the development of essential hypertension in the Xinjiang Kazakh population. Thus, it may act as a novel screening marker or therapeutic target for essential hypertension in this population.
Case report: Delayed autologous tooth transplantation based on objective bone healing of the extraction socket (4-year follow-up)
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Abe Shotaro , Okamoto Motoki , Tsujimoto Tomomi , Murakami Shumei , Hayashi Mikako
Published: June 2023

Autologous tooth transplantation is one of the best methods to replace a missing tooth when there is a suitable donor tooth. Tooth transplantation is mainly performed immediately after extraction because this is completed in a single surgery and the donor tooth is transferred to fresh recipient site facilitated by the remaining periodontal ligament. However, when transplantation is planned for a severe recipient site with a large bone defect surrounding the affected tooth, delayed transplantation is performed because of the mismatched size of the donor tooth. When bone formation at the recipient site is gradually observed during wound healing, transplantation can be performed. However, the estimated time for delayed transplantation has not been clearly determined because of the varied wound healing at the recipient site. This case report demonstrates successful tooth transplantation 4 months after extraction by monitoring bone healing of the recipient site by computed tomography (CT). A male patient complained about occlusal pain in his mandibular molar. He had received the latest restoration after root canal treatment 10 years previously. Seven years later, he experienced slight spontaneous pain and consulted a private dental clinic. Radiographic examination revealed vertical root fracture and the dentist recommended tooth extraction, but he did not receive this suggestion. Several years later, he visited our hospital, and the bone resorption became much larger, and the surrounding bone was completely lost. Thus, it was decided that autologous tooth transplantation should occur several months later because of the poor fit of the donor tooth using wisdom tooth. Sequential CT value was monitored during bone formation at the recipient site by multi-detector computed tomography. Four months later, the CT value of the recipient site had gradually increased and tooth transplantation was performed. Fit of the donor tooth to the recipient site was still poor at the surgery, but it became better and tooth mobility decreased gradually. After performing root canal treatment, final full covered restoration was equipped. Review at 4 years after transplantation revealed the tooth showed no symptoms with no apical radiolucency. This case report suggests that delayed tooth transplantation can be performed after monitoring bone formation at the recipient site by x-ray or CT images.
Gains from the transition from face-to-face to digital/online modality to improve education in emergency
Authors: Camacho-Zuñiga Claudia , Peña-Becerril Maritza , Cuevas-Cancino Maria de la O , Avilés-Rabanales Eréndira Gabriela
Published: June 2023

Education during emergencies demands attention from both institutions and governments, as the incidence of disasters and crises continues to increase worldwide due to various challenges that threaten humanity, including climate change, terrorism, food and water scarcity, energy crises, poverty, and inequality. Emergency remote teaching (ERT) is a critical factor in providing academic opportunities, building resilience, and promoting recovery for affected individuals. This research examines the challenges associated with transitioning from face-to-face to online/digital lessons, according to the perceptions of 105 professors in a Mexican private university, 2 months after mandatory online/digital teaching was implemented. By analyzing data collected through a survey using statistical and data mining techniques, we identified factors that should be considered when designing future education in emergency situations. The study found that while most professors positively evaluated their performance in ERT, they still preferred face-to-face teaching due to the lack of personal interaction and distractions. Professors adapted to ERT with technological training provided by the institution, but reported an increase in workload and the importance of the balance between job responsibilities and family issues. The study also revealed that professors’ performance in ERT depended on the conditions of their teaching space at home. Furthermore, the study suggested the need for the development of an improved assessment framework for online evaluation methods, and integration of the most effective online and face-to-face teaching strategies for everyday academic contexts. The sudden change in education modality represented a fantastic opportunity to introduce teaching-learning-evaluating strategies and technologies while forcing institutions to evolve into the digital environment. Therefore, every education stakeholder should identify and implement best practices of the online and face-to-face modalities to improve future education in emergencies.
Current understanding of the contribution of lactate to the cardiovascular system and its therapeutic relevance
Authors: Wu Panyun , Zhu Tengteng , Huang Yiyuan , Fang Zhenfei , Luo Fei
Published: June 2023

Research during the past decades has yielded numerous insights into the presence and function of lactate in the body. Lactate is primarily produced via glycolysis and plays special roles in the regulation of tissues and organs, particularly in the cardiovascular system. In addition to being a net consumer of lactate, the heart is also the organ in the body with the greatest lactate consumption. Furthermore, lactate maintains cardiovascular homeostasis through energy supply and signal regulation under physiological conditions. Lactate also affects the occurrence, development, and prognosis of various cardiovascular diseases. We will highlight how lactate regulates the cardiovascular system under physiological and pathological conditions based on evidence from recent studies. We aim to provide a better understanding of the relationship between lactate and cardiovascular health and provide new ideas for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, we will summarize current developments in treatments targeting lactate metabolism, transport, and signaling, including their role in cardiovascular diseases.
AXL/Gas6 signaling mechanisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Pardis , Amberg Gregory C.
Published: June 2023

AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase commonly associated with a variety of human cancers. Along with its ligand Gas6 (growth arrest-specific protein 6), AXL is emerging as an important regulator of neuroendocrine development and function. AXL signaling in response to Gas6 binding impacts neuroendocrine structure and function at the level of the brain, pituitary, and gonads. During development, AXL has been identified as an upstream inhibitor of gonadotropin receptor hormone (GnRH) production and also plays a key role in the migration of GnRH neurons from the olfactory placode to the forebrain. AXL is implicated in reproductive diseases including some forms of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and evidence suggests that AXL is required for normal spermatogenesis. Here, we highlight research describing AXL/Gas6 signaling mechanisms with a focus on the molecular pathways related to neuroendocrine function in health and disease. In doing so, we aim to present a concise account of known AXL/Gas6 signaling mechanisms to identify current knowledge gaps and inspire future research.
Generation of hiPSCs with ABO c.767T>C substitution: resulting in splicing variants
Authors: Jin Yinge , Chen Tao , Zheng Wei , Xi Jiahui , Zi Yin , Wang Jinling , Chi Yue , Chen Min , Zou Qingjian , Tang Chengcheng , Lai Liangxue , Zhou Xiaoqing
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The ABO blood group system has important clinical significance in the safety of blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Numerous ABO variations, especially variations in the splice sites, have been identified to be associated with some ABO subtypes.

Methods: Here, we performed the c.767T>C substitution of the ABO gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by the adenosine base editor (ABE) system and described its characteristics at the genome level in detail.

Results: The hiPS cell line with c.767T>C substitution maintained a normal karyotype (46, XX), expressed pluripotency markers, and showed the capability to spontaneously differentiate into all three germ layers in vivo. The genome-wide analysis demonstrated that the c.767T>C substitution in the ABO gene did not cause any detected negative effect in hiPSCs at the genome level. The splicing transcript analysis revealed that splicing variants were observed in the hiPSCs with ABO c.767T>C substitutions.

Conclusion: All these results indicated that some splicing variants occurred in hiPSCs with c.767 T>C substitution of ABO gene, which probably had a significant effect on the formation of the rare ABO*Ael05/B101 subtype.
Allocation concealment appraisal of clinical therapy trials using the extended Composite Quality Score (CQS-2)—An empirically based update
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen , Yengopal Veerasamy
Published: June 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study was to revise CQS-2/Criterion II concerning allocation concealment appraisal for prospective, controlled clinical therapy trials.

Methods

Meta-analyses of trials with inadequate allocation concealment were tested for in-between trial heterogeneity (I2 > 0) due to imbalances in baseline variables. Meta-analyses with positive test results were used as a basis to deduce criteria for adequate allocation concealment. The CQS-2/Criterion II was reformulated in line with the findings.

Result

One suitable meta-analysis was identified. Two forest plots with data from five and four trials with inadequate/unclear allocation concealment were selected for testing. In addition, a total of five trials with adequate allocation concealment were identified. The meta-analysis test results were positive, and keywords for the judgment of adequate allocation concealment were extracted verbatim from the text of the meta-analysis. The extracted keywords indicated “central allocation” as the main criterion for adequate allocation concealment. Criterion II of the CQS-2 was revised accordingly.

Conclusion

Criterion II of the CQS-2 trial appraisal tool was revised. The revised appraisal tool was specified as version CQS-2B.
Maternal plasma and salivary anelloviruses in pregnancy and preterm birth
Authors: Kyathanahalli Chandrashekara , Snedden Madeline , Singh Lavisha , Regalia Camilla , Keenan-Devlin Lauren , Borders Ann E. , Hirsch Emmet
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Human anelloviruses, including torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV), are ubiquitous in the general population and have no known pathogenicity. We investigated the prevalence and viral load of TTV and TTMV in plasma and saliva over pregnancy, and assessed their association with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Maternal Stress (MOMS) study, which recruited 744 individuals with singleton pregnancies from 4 US sites (Chicago, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, and rural Pennsylvania). Baseline outpatient visits took place in the second trimester (between 12′0 and 20′6/7  weeks’ gestation), and follow-up visits in the third trimester (between 32′0 and 35′6/7  weeks’ gestation). In a case-control study design, participants who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) resulting from spontaneous labor and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes (“sPTB”) were compared with participants experiencing medically indicated preterm birth (“iPTB”), or delivery at term (“controls”). Plasma and saliva samples obtained during the second and third trimesters were tested for the presence and quantity of TTV and TTMV using real-time PCR. Demographic data were obtained via self-report, and clinical data via medical record review by trained research personnel.

Results

TTV was detected in plasma from 81% (second trimester) and 77% (third trimester) of participants, and in saliva from 64 and 60%. Corresponding detection rates for TTMV were 59 and 41% in plasma, and 35 and 24% in saliva. TTV and TTMV concentrations were similar between matched plasma and saliva samples. TTV prevalence and concentrations were not significantly different between groups (sPTB, iPTB, and controls). However, plasma TTMV in the third trimester was associated with sPTB and earlier gestational age at delivery. The iPTB group was not different from either the sPTB or the control group. In saliva, concentrations of TTV and TTMV were similar among the three groups. Both TTV and TTMV were more prevalent with increasing parity and were more common in Black and Hispanic participants compared to non-Hispanic White participants.

Conclusion

Anellovirus presence (specifically, TTMV) in the third trimester may be associated with preterm birth. Whether this association is causative remains to be determined.
Identification of bacterial pathogens in sudden unexpected death in infancy and childhood using 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Gates Lily , Mistry Talisa , Ogunbiyi Olumide , Kite Kerry-Anne , Klein Nigel J. , Sebire Neil J. , Alber Dagmar G.
Published: June 2023

Background

Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) is the most common cause of post-neonatal death in the developed world. Following an extensive investigation, the cause of ~40% of deaths remains unknown. It is hypothesized that a proportion of deaths are due to an infection that remains undetected due to limitations in routine techniques. This study aimed to apply 16S rRNA gene sequencing to post-mortem (PM) tissues collected from cases of SUDI, as well as those from the childhood equivalent (collectively known as sudden unexpected death in infancy and childhood or SUDIC), to investigate whether this molecular approach could help identify potential infection-causing bacteria to enhance the diagnosis of infection.

Methods

In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to de-identified frozen post-mortem (PM) tissues from the diagnostic archive of Great Ormond Street Hospital. The cases were grouped depending on the cause of death: (i) explained non-infectious, (ii) infectious, and (iii) unknown.

Results and conclusions

In the cases of known bacterial infection, the likely causative pathogen was identified in 3/5 cases using bacterial culture at PM compared to 5/5 cases using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Where a bacterial infection was identified at routine investigation, the same organism was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Using these findings, we defined criteria based on sequencing reads and alpha diversity to identify PM tissues with likely infection. Using these criteria, 4/20 (20%) cases of unexplained SUDIC were identified which may be due to bacterial infection that was previously undetected. This study demonstrates the potential feasibility and effectiveness of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in PM tissue investigation to improve the diagnosis of infection, potentially reducing the number of unexplained deaths and improving the understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Patterns in biocrust recovery over time in semiarid southeast Spain
Authors: Rubio Consuelo , Lázaro Roberto
Published: June 2023

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are communities of microorganisms, fungi, algae, lichens and mosses inhabiting on the soil surface and within the uppermost soil millimetres. They play an important ecological role in drylands, determining physical and chemical soil properties and reducing soil erosion. Studies on biocrust natural recovery establish highly variable recovery times. The different objectives and methodologies of experimentation and analysis, strongly influence these predictions. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the recovery dynamics of four biocrust communities and their relationship with microclimatic variables. In 2004, in Tabernas Desert, some of us removed the biocrust in central 30 cm × 30 cm area of three 50 cm × 50 cm plots in each of four biocrust communities (Cyanobacteria, Squamarina, Diploschistes, and Lepraria), installing a microclimatic station in each one with sensors for temperature and humidity of the soil and air, dew point, PAR and rain. Yearly, the 50 cm × 50 cm plots were photographed, and the cover of every species was monitored in every 5 cm × 5 cm cell of a 36-cells grid covering the removed central area. We analyzed different functions to fit the cover recovery, the differences in cover recovery speed between communities, the recovery dynamics from the spatial analysis of the plot, the changes in dissimilarity and biodiversity and the possible relationships with the climatic variables. The recovery of the biocrust cover fits to a sigmoidal function. The community dominated by Cyanobacteria developed faster than those dominated by lichens. The Squamarina and Diploschistes communities recovered faster than that of Lepraria and appears to be influenced by the surrounding undisturbed areas. Species-based dissimilarity between consecutive inventories fluctuated and decreased over time, while biodiversity increases in a similar way. The speed of recovery of the biocrust in each community, along with the order in which the species appeared, support the hypothesis about the succession, which would include three phases: firstly Cyanobacteria, then Diploschistes and/or Squamarina and finally Lepraria. The relationship between biocrust recovery and microclimate is complex and this work highlights the need to carry out further research on this topic and on biocrust dynamics in general.