bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post‐cooling semen processing and sperm re‐suspension as an alternative method to circumvent poor semen cooling in stallions
Authors: Segabinazzi Lorenzo , Carmo Marcio T. , Freitas‐Dell'Aqua Camila de P. , Alvarenga Marco A. , Papa Frederico O. , Canisso Igor F.
Published: April 2024

Background

Artificial insemination with cooled‐shipped semen is the primary method used in the equine breeding industry; yet, sperm quality and fertility can be suboptimal for some stallions when standard techniques are used. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop alternative approaches for these stallions.

Objective

To assess sperm quality parameters and fertility of cooled‐stored stallion semen processed by SpermFilter® or centrifugation and resuspended in three extenders.

Study design

Controlled and field study.

Methods

In Experiment 1, semen was collected from 21 stallions classified as having good (‘Good‐coolers’, n = 8) or poor (‘Bad‐coolers’, n = 13) semen cooling. The semen was extended at 30 million spermatozoa/mL in a skimmed milk‐based (SM) diluent, and refrigerated for 24 h. Then, the cooled‐stored semen was processed through SpermFilter® or centrifugation, and the resulting sperm pellets were resuspended in SM, SM containing pentoxifylline (SM‐P), or an egg yolk‐based (EY) extender. Unprocessed cooled‐stored semen served as control. Sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), and mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP) were assessed in cooled‐semen pre‐ and post‐processing. Experiment 2, cooled semen from 9 stallions classified as Bad‐coolers was used to inseminate 18 embryo donor mares at 66 cycles (Unprocessed, n = 22; SpermFilter®/SM‐P, n = 16; or SpermFilter®/EY, n = 28). Data were analysed with a mixed model and Tukey's as posthoc, and logistic regression.

Results

Processed semen resuspended in EY had superior sperm motility compared to unprocessed, SM and SM‐P (p < 0.0001). Semen processed by SpermFilter® resuspended in SM‐P was similar to EY (p > 0.05). Pellet resuspension with EY and SM‐P improved the HMMP of Bad‐cooler stallions (p = 0.0010). Semen processed by SpermFilter® had superior PMI to centrifuged semen (p < 0.0001). Mares inseminated with SpermFilter®/SM‐P (50%, 8/16) or SpermFilter®/‐EY (68%, 9/28) had higher pregnancy rates than mares bred with unprocessed semen (14%, 3/22) (p < 0.001).

Main limitations

Low number of mares in the fertility trial.

Conclusion

Sperm quality and fertility of Bad‐cooler stallions can be enhanced by SpermFilter® and pellet resuspension with either EY or SM‐P.
A novel professional‐use synergistic peel technology to reduce visible hyperpigmentation on face: Clinical evidence and mechanistic understanding by computational biology and optical biopsy
Authors: Bhardwaj Vinay , Handler Marc Zachary , Mao Junhong , Azadegan Chloe , Panda Pritam K. , Breunig Hans Georg , Wenskus Isabell , Diaz Isabel , König Karsten
Published: April 2024

Topicals and chemical peels are the standard of care for management of facial hyperpigmentation. However, traditional therapies have come under recent scrutiny, such as topical hydroquinone (HQ) has some regulatory restrictions, and high concentration trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel pose a risk in patients with skin of colour. The objective of our research was to identify, investigate and elucidate the mechanism of action of a novel TCA‐ and HQ‐free professional‐use chemical peel to manage common types of facial hyperpigmentation. Using computational modelling and in vitro assays on tyrosinase, we identified proprietary multi‐acid synergistic technology (MAST). After a single application on human skin explants, MAST peel was found to be more effective than a commercial HQ peel in inhibiting melanin (histochemical imaging and gene expression). All participants completed the case study (N = 9) without any adverse events. After administration of the MAST peel by a dermatologist, the scoring and VISIA photography reported improvements in hyperpigmentation, texture and erythema, which could be linked to underlying pathophysiological changes in skin after peeling, visualized by non‐invasive optical biopsy of face. Using reflectance confocal microscopy (VivaScope®) and multiphoton tomography (MPTflex™), we observed reduction in melanin, increase in metabolic activity of keratinocytes, and no signs of inflammatory cells after peeling. Subsequent swabbing of the cheek skin found no microbiota dysbiosis resulting from the chemical peel. The strong efficacy with minimum downtime and no adverse events could be linked to the synergistic action of the ingredients in the novel HQ‐ and TCA‐free professional peel technology.
Carcinoma arising in ileal conduit or orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction: A 20‐year single institute experience
Authors: Collins Katrina , Yocum Bianca Puello , Idrees Muhammad T , Saeed Omer
Published: April 2024

Context

Carcinomas found in urinary diversion specimens are uncommon, particularly new primary tumours. New primary tumours primarily occur when the large intestine is utilised, whereas the occurrence is infrequent with the use of the ileum. These tumours include both the recurrence of primary malignancy or the development of a new primary malignancy originating from the small intestine.

Design

A search was performed within the pathology laboratory system to identify cases of malignancies involving ileal conduit/reconstruction from 2002 to 2022. Data on demographics, clinical details, pathology and management was recorded.

Results

A total of 13 male patients, with a mean age of 67 years (range = 49–81 years) were included in the study. The initial procedure performed included cystoprostatectomy (n = 10, including one case with right nephroureterectomy) and cystectomy (n = 3, including one case for bladder exstrophy) for initial diagnoses including urothelial carcinoma (n = 11; conventional, 6; sarcomatoid, 1; glandular 1; plasmacytoid, 1; micropapillary, 2) and adenocarcinoma (n = 1). The initial management included radical surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy/immunotherapy (n = 1), adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 3), intravesical adjuvant BCG (n = 2) and intravesical adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 1). Malignancies in ileal conduit or orthotopic ileal neobladder included recurrent urothelial carcinoma (n = 10) and new secondary adenocarcinomas (n = 3), which developed as early as 3 months (usually recurrence) and up to 13, 33 and 45 years (new primary malignancy) following primary resection.

Conclusions

Utilising the ileum as conduit/neobladder presents a viable alternative for urinary diversion with a reduced malignancy risk compared to using a segment of the large intestine. However, there remains a potential for malignancy, either tumour recurrence or a new primary malignancy. In our study, tumour recurrence occurred up to 4 years following the initial diagnosis and the development of a new primary malignancy occurred up to 45 years after the initial diagnosis. Consequently, it is crucial to prioritise long‐term follow‐up for these patients undergoing this procedure.
A review on comprehending immunotherapeutic approaches inducing ferroptosis: Managing tumour immunity
Authors: Chattopadhyay Soumyadeep , Hazra Rudradeep , Mallick Arijit , Gayen Sakuntala , Roy Souvik
Published: April 2024

Ferroptosis, a necrotic, iron‐dependent controlled cell death mechanism, is distinguished by the development of lipid peroxides to fatal proportions. Malignant tumours, influenced by iron to promote fast development, are vulnerable to ferroptosis. Based upon mounting evidence it has been observed that ferroptosis may be immunogenic and hence may complement immunotherapies. A new approach includes iron oxide‐loaded nano‐vaccines (IONVs), having supremacy for the traits of the tumour microenvironment (TME) to deliver specific antigens through improving the immunostimulatory capacity by molecular disintegration and reversible covalent bonds that target the tumour cells and induce ferroptosis. Apart from IONVs, another newer approach to induce ferroptosis in tumour cells is through oncolytic virus (OVs). One such oncolytic virus is the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), which can only multiply in cancer cells through the p53‐SLC7A11‐GPX4 pathway that leads to elevated levels of lipid peroxide and intracellular reactive oxygen species leading to the induction of ferroptosis that induce ferritinophagy.
Tissue‐resident memory NK cells: Homing in on local effectors and regulators
Authors: Schuster Iona S. , Andoniou Christopher E. , Degli‐Esposti Mariapia A.
Published: April 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells are the prototype innate effector lymphocyte population that plays an important role in controlling viral infections and tumors. Studies demonstrating that NK cells form long‐lived memory populations, akin to those generated by adaptive immune cells, prompted a revaluation of the potential functions of NK cells. Recent data demonstrating that NK cells are recruited from the circulation into tissues where they form long‐lived memory‐like populations further emphasize that NK cells have properties that mirror those of adaptive immune cells. NK cells that localize in non‐lymphoid tissues are heterogeneous, and there is a growing appreciation that immune responses occurring within tissues are subject to tissue‐specific regulation. Here we discuss both the immune effector and immunoregulatory functions of NK cells, with a particular emphasis on the role of NK cells within non‐lymphoid tissues and how the tissue microenvironment shapes NK cell‐dependent outcomes.
Synthesis of ZSM‐5 zeolite from fly ash by one‐pot hydrothermal method for methylene blue removal
Authors: Yu Wenhe , Wu Xiaowen , Mi Ruiyu , Zai Huachao , Fang Minghao , Min Xin , Liu Yangai , Huang Zhaohui
Published: April 2024

Using fly ash to synthesize zeolite molecular sieves can improve the reuse value of coal fly ash resources, reduce the synthesis cost of the zeolites, and protect the ecology. A novel approach was proposed to prepare zeolite socony mobil‐5 (ZSM‐5) zeolite via one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis. The mesoporous ZSM‐5 synthesized by adjusting the molar ratio of chemical reagents has higher crystallinity, larger specific surface area, and more adsorption sites. An analysis of methylene blue (MB) adsorption on mesoporous ZSM‐5 was conducted at many different adsorption parameters, including solution concentration, temperature, and duration of adsorption. The Langmuir model can objectively describe the adsorption behavior of MB on ZSM‐5, and the adsorption characteristics of MB on ZSM‐5 are better described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The thermodynamic model provides the adsorption behavior as an endothermic reaction.
The association between serum copper concentration and prevalence of diabetes among US adults with hypertension (NHANES 2011–2016)
Authors: Wu Kaiming , Chen Lixia , Kong Yanyan , Zhuo Jian‐Feng , Sun Qiu , Chang Jianfei
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to examine the association between the serum copper concentration and the prevalence of diabetes among US adults with hypertension using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study population was selected from adults aged over 20 years old in the three survey cycles of NHANES from 2011 to 2016. Logistic regression model analyses were applied to determine the independent risky effect of copper to the prevalence of diabetes. Also, a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was performed to explore the potential nonlinear association between serum copper concentration and the prevalence of diabetes. A total of 1786 subjects (742 cases and 1044 controls) were included, and 924 were men (51.7%), and 742 (41.5%) were diabetic. Compared with non‐diabetic individuals, the concentration of serum copper in diabetic patients with hypertension was higher. After adjusting for age, sex, race, education, marital status, body mass index (BMI), family poverty income ratio (PIR), smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and hyperlipidemia, the highest quartile of serum copper concentration significantly increased the risk of diabetes as compared with the lowest quartile (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01–1.92, ptrend = 0.036). The results of RCS analysis showed significant non‐linear relationship between serum copper concentration and prevalence of diabetes (p‐non‐linear = 0.010). This study finds that serum copper concentration are significantly associated with risk of diabetes in hypertensive patients, which suggests copper as an important risk factor of diabetes development.
Otolith morphogenesis during the early life stages of fish is temperature‐dependent: Validation by experimental approach applied to European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Mahé Kélig , Clota Frédéric , Blanc Marie Odile , Bled Defruit Geoffrey , Chatain Béatrice , de Pontual Hélène , Amara Rachid , Ernande Bruno
Published: April 2024

Otolith shape is often used as a tool in fish stock identification. The goal of this study was to experimentally assess the influence of changing temperature and ontogenic evolution on the shape component of the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) otolith during early‐life stages. A total of 1079 individuals were reared in a water temperature of 16°C up to 232 days post hatch (dph). During this experiment, several specimens were transferred into tanks with a water temperature of 21°C to obtain at the end of this study four different temperature treatments, each with varying ratios between the number of days at 16 and 21°C. To evaluate the otolith morphogenesis, samples were examined at 43, 72, 86 and 100 dph. The evolution of normalized otolith shape from hatching up to 100 dph showed that there were two main successive changes. First, faster growth in the antero‐posterior axis than in the dorso‐ventral axis changed the circular‐shaped otolith from that observed at hatching and, second, increasing the complexity relating to the area between the rostrum and the anti‐rostrum. To test the effect of changing temperature, growing degree‐day was used in three linear mixed‐effect models. Otolith morphogenesis was positively correlated to growing degree‐day, but was also dependent on temperature level. Otolith shape is influenced by environmental factors, particularly temperature, making it an efficient tool for fish stock identification.
Novel insights into minipuberty and GnRH: Implications on neurodevelopment, cognition, and COVID‐19 therapeutics
Authors: Chachlaki Konstantina , Le Duc Kevin , Storme Laurent , Prevot Vincent
Published: April 2024

In humans, the first 1000 days of life are pivotal for brain and organism development. Shortly after birth, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are activated, a phenomenon known as minipuberty. This phenomenon, observed in all mammals studied, influences the postnatal development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and reproductive function. This review will put into perspective the results of recent studies showing that the impact of minipuberty extends beyond reproductive function, influencing sensory and cognitive maturation. Studies in mice have revealed the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating minipuberty amplitude, with NO deficiency linked to cognitive and olfactory deficits. Additionally, findings indicate that cognitive and sensory defects in adulthood in a mouse model of Down syndrome are associated with an age‐dependent decline of GnRH production, whose origin can be traced back to minipuberty, and point to the potential therapeutic role of pulsatile GnRH administration in cognitive disorders. Furthermore, this review delves into the repercussions of COVID‐19 on GnRH production, emphasizing potential consequences for neurodevelopment and cognitive function in infected individuals. Notably, GnRH neurons appear susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, raising concerns about potential long‐term effects on brain development and function. In conclusion, the intricate interplay between GnRH neurons, GnRH release, and the activity of various extrahypothalamic brain circuits reveals an unexpected role for these neuroendocrine neurons in the development and maintenance of sensory and cognitive functions, supplementing their established function in reproduction. Therapeutic interventions targeting the HPG axis, such as inhaled NO therapy in infancy and pulsatile GnRH administration in adults, emerge as promising approaches for addressing neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders and pathological aging.
The gold protocol: A combined treatment approach for neck rejuvenation with calcium hydroxyapatite, botulinum toxin, and hyaluronic acid in the same session
Authors: de Sanctis Pecora Carla
Published: April 2024

Background

The signs of aging seem to be more visible on the neck compared to other locations, especially if a patient has already gone through facial rejuvenation procedures. Treatment of the aging neck imposes a challenge to the clinician, since one single approach is usually not enough to achieve the desired result, requiring multiple injections and sessions, which apart from being painful for the patients, is time‐consuming for the clinician.

Aim

To describe the use of calcium hydroxyapatite, incobotulinum toxin type A and Cohesive poly‐densified matrix hyaluronic acid diluted in the same syringe and injected in the same session for neck rejuvenation.

Patients and Methods

Fifteen women, older than 18 years, with cervical skin flaccidity grade 1–4 in a previously validated 5‐point rating scale (Dermatologic Surg, 2016; 42, S94), who sought neck rejuvenation were injected in this pilot study with a single session with a combined hybrid mixture of calcium hydroxyapatite, incobotulinum toxin type A, and Cohesive poly‐densified matrix hyaluronic acid and followed up for 90–180 days.

Results

At the 4‐month post injection evaluation, 93.3% of the patients presented at least 1‐grade improvement in the 5‐point scale as evaluated by the investigator. No serious adverse events were reported, being most mild and transient in nature.

Conclusion

CaHA, incoBonTA, and CPM‐HA have complementary mechanisms of action and may be injected from the same syringe in the same session, boosting the final outcome, with high patient satisfaction, and ease of process for both patients and clinicians.
Analysis of inflammation and bone remodeling of atmospheric plasma therapy in experimental periodontitis
Authors: de Oliveira Ildamara Canoa , Zanco Mariana , Lopes Juliana , Sambo Milena Paloma , de Andrade Thiago Antonio Moretti , dos Santos Gláucia Maria Tech , Felonato Maira , Santamaria‐Jr Milton
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective

The biological effects of atmospheric plasma (cold plasma) show its applicability for controlling the etiological factors that involve tissue repair. Thus, the study evaluated the effect of atmospheric plasma therapy in the control of tissue inflammation and bone remodeling in experimental periodontitis.

Methods

Fifty‐six rats were subjected to ligation in the cervical region of the first maxillary molars (8 weeks). The animals were divided into two groups (n = 28): periodontitis without treatment group (P group), and periodontitis with atmospheric plasma treatment group (P + AP group). Tissue samples were collected at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment to analyze the inflammation and bone remodeling by biochemical, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results

Inflammatory infiltration in the gingival and periodontal ligament was lower in the P + AP group than in the P group (p < .05). The MPO and NAG levels were higher in the P + AP group compared to P group (p < .05). At 4 weeks, the TNF‐α level was lower and the IL‐10 level was higher in the P + AP group compared to P group (p < .05). In the P + AP group, the IL‐1β level increased in the second week and decreased in the fourth week (p < .05), the number of blood vessels was high in the gingival and periodontal ligament in the second and fourth week (p < .05); and the number of fibroblasts in the gingival tissue was low in the fourth week, and higher in the periodontal tissue in both period (p < .05). Regarding bone remodeling, the RANK and RANKL levels decreased in the P + AP group (p < .05). The OPG level did not differ between the P and P + AP groups (p > .05), but decreased from the second to the fourth experimental week in P + AP group (p < .05).

Conclusions

The treatment of experimental periodontitis with atmospheric plasma for 4 weeks modulated the inflammatory response to favor the repair process and decreased the bone resorption biomarkers, indicating a better control of bone remodeling in periodontal disease.
Phenology and habitat associations of the invasive Asian longhorned tick from Ohio, USA
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas , Zeiger Benjamin , Jennings Jazmin , Pesapane Risa
Published: April 2024

Geographically expanding and invading ticks are a global concern. The Asian longhorned tick (ALT, Haemaphysalis longicornis) was introduced to the mid‐Atlantic US between 2010 and 2017 and recently invaded Ohio, an inland state. To date, ALTs in the US have been associated with livestock exsanguination and transmission of the agent of bovine theileriosis. To inform management, studies describing tick ecology and epidemiology of associated disease agents are critical. In this study, we described phenology, habitat and host associations, and tested for agents of medical and veterinary concern at the site of the first known established ALT population in Ohio, where pesticide treatment was applied in early fall 2021. In spring–fall 2022, we sampled wildlife (small mammals) and collected ticks from forest, edge, and grassland habitats. We also opportunistically sampled harvested white‐tailed deer at nearby processing stations and fresh wildlife carcasses found near roads. Field‐collected ALTs were tested for five agents using real‐time PCR. We found that ALT nymphs emerged in June, followed by adults, and concluded with larvae in the fall. ALTs were detected in all habitats but not in wildlife. We also found a 4.88% (2/41) prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum across ALT adults and nymphs. Host and habitat associations were similar to other studies in the eastern United States, but two potential differences in phenology were identified. Whether ALTs will acquire more endemic disease agents requires further investigations. Our findings provide the first evidence regarding ALT life history from the Midwest region of the United States and can inform exposure risk and guide integrated management.
The relationship between ethnocentrism and xenophobia level and predictors: A descriptive and correlational study of nurses working in two cities where refugees live intensively in Turkey
Authors: Köse Tosunöz İpek , Öztürk Çopur Ebru
Published: April 2024

Determining the ethnocentrism and xenophobia levels of nurses contributes to nurses' awareness regarding their attitudes on the issue and providing quality care. This descriptive and correlational study aimed to determine the relationship between ethnocentrism and xenophobia levels of nurses working in hospitals located in two different border regions where refugees live intensively in Turkey. The study was conducted with 386 nurses who were working in two different hospitals located in two cities in the south of Turkey. Data were collected using the “Personal Information Form,” “Ethnocentrism Scale,” and “Xenophobia Scale.” About half of the nurses did not want to care for foreign patients. There was a positive and statistically significant relationship between mean scores of the Ethnocentrism Scale and the Xenophobia Scale (p < 0.05). The regression analysis indicated that the level of ethnocentrism explains the level of xenophobia by 9%. Nurses had a high level of xenophobia and moderate ethnocentric attitudes. The level of xenophobia increased as the ethnocentrism level of nurses increased. It is recommended to conduct further studies to determine different predictors of xenophobia among nurses.
Root resorptions induced by genetic disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Dupre Nicolas , Riou Margot C. , Isaac Juliane , Ferre François , Cormier‐Daire Valérie , Kerner Stéphane , de La Dure‐Molla Muriel , Nowwarote Nunthawan , Acevedo Ana Carolina , Fournier Benjamin P. J.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Root resorption in permanent teeth is a common pathological process that often follows dental trauma or orthodontic treatment. More rarely, root resorption is a feature of genetic disorders and can help with diagnosis. Thus, the present review aims to determine which genetic disorders could induce pathological root resorptions and thus which mutated genes could be associated with them.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. Articles describing root resorptions in patients with genetic disorders were included from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We synthesized the genetic disorder, the type, severity, and extent of the resorptions, as well as the other systemic and oral symptoms and histological features.

Results

The synthetic analysis included 25 studies among 937 identified records. We analyzed 21 case reports, three case series, and one cohort study. Overall, we highlighted 14 different pathologies with described root resorptions. Depending on the pathology, the sites of resorption, their extent, and their severity showed differences.

Conclusion

With 14 genetic pathologies suspected to induce root resorptions, our findings are significant and enrich a previous classification. Among them, three metabolic disorders, three calcium–phosphorus metabolism disorders, and osteolysis disorders were identified.
Effect of pre‐emptive rituximab on EBV DNA levels and prevention of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: A case series from the pediatric nephrology research consortium
Authors: Ashoor Isa F. , Al‐Akash Samhar , Kizilbash Sarah , Moudgil Asha , Puliyanda Dechu , Ranabothu Saritha , Shi Yi , Dharnidharka Vikas
Published: April 2024

Background

There are scant data on the effect of rituximab on EBV DNA levels and prevention of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in pediatric kidney transplant recipients with EBV DNAemia.

Methods

Kidney transplant recipients with EBV DNAemia treated with rituximab to prevent PTLD between 7/1999 and 7/2019 at five pediatric centers were included. Those with confirmed PTLD at the onset of rituximab were excluded. Primary outcomes included percentage change in EBV DNAemia and occurrence of PTLD post rituximab.

Results

Twenty‐six pediatric kidney transplant recipients were included. Median age at transplant was 4 years (IQR 2.1–10.3). EBV DNA load monitoring by qPCR was performed at 1–3 month intervals. EBV DNAemia onset occurred at a median of 73 days post‐transplant (IQR 52–307), followed by DNAemia peak at a median of 268 days (IQR 112–536). Rituximab was administered at a median of 9 days post peak (IQR 0–118). Rituximab regimens varied; median dose 375 mg/m2 (IQR 375–439) weekly for 1–4 doses per course. Following rituximab, EBV DNA load decreased to <10% of baseline at 120 days in 20/26 patients; however, only 30% achieved complete resolution at last follow‐up (median 2094 days post‐transplant [IQR 1538–3463]). Two (7%) developed PTLD at 915 and 1713 days post rituximab. All recipients had functioning grafts. One death occurred in a child with PTLD following remission due to unrelated reasons.

Conclusions

In the largest pediatric kidney transplant recipient case series with EBV DNAemia given rituximab to prevent PTLD, rituximab achieved a short‐term reduction in DNA load; however, recurrent DNAemia is common.
(Non)governing machine: Seized activism and NGOization as forms of governance in Indonesia
Authors: Rasyadian Yuda
Published: April 2024

NGOization is argued as a key process to the expansion of neoliberalized development, feminist movement, and authentic democratization. Anthropologists have challenged neoliberal assumptions behind NGOization. This article extends the debate by investigating how a nongovernmental organization (NGO) project that initially claimed to buttress egalitarian grassroots activism has undergone NGOization with its public discourse and practice integrated into state work, encapsulating what I theorize as “(non)governing machine”—the apparent nongovernment entity that possesses a systematic power and authority to regulate knowledge and population. Drawing from an ethnographic study of an NGO and local politics in Mollo, Indonesia, my argument is threefold. First, I argue that NGOization enables a specific form of governmentality that has allowed the state to increase its surveillance of, and power over, the population. Second, this article proposes that local politics can be a strong impetus to the establishment of NGOization. Finally, by coining the (non)governing machine, I theorize NGOization as a form of governance, pointing at the productivity and vulnerability of NGO form as a “hybrid formation” that grapples between local politics and transnational networks of power and capital.
Circadian rhythm and redox homeostasis candidate genes showed association with shallow elevation in Norway spruce
Authors: Caré O. , Chano V. , Erley M. , Rogge M. , Gailing O.
Published: April 2024

The analysis of genetic variation underlying local adaptation in natural populations, together with the response to different external stimuli, is currently a hot topic in forest sciences, with the aim of identifying genetic markers controlling key phenotypic traits of interest for their inclusion in restoration and breeding programs.

In Europe, one of the main tree species is Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.). Using the MassARRAY® platform, 568 trees from North Rhine‐Westphalia (Germany) were genotyped with 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to circadian and growth rhythms, and to stress response. The association analysis of the selected markers with health status and elevation was performed using three different methods, and those identified by at least two of these were considered as high confidence associated SNPs.

While just five markers showed a weak association with health condition, 32 SNPs were correlated with elevation, six of which were considered as high confidence associated SNPs, as indicated by at least two different association methods. Among these genes, thioredoxin and pseudo response regulator 1 (PRR1) are involved in redox homeostasis and ROS detoxification, APETALA2‐like 3 (AP2L3), a transcription factor, is involved in seasonal apical growth, and a RPS2‐like is a disease resistance gene.

The function of some of these genes in controlling light‐dependent reactions and metabolic processes suggests signatures of adaptation to local photoperiod and the synchronization of the circadian rhythm. This work provides new insights into the genetic basis of local adaptation over a shallow elevation gradient in Norway spruce.
Photoprotective mechanisms in Elysia species hosting Acetabularia chloroplasts shed light on host‐donor compatibility in photosynthetic sea slugs
Authors: Morelli Luca , Havurinne Vesa , Madeira Diana , Martins Patrícia , Cartaxana Paulo , Cruz Sónia
Published: April 2024

Sacoglossa sea slugs have garnered attention due to their ability to retain intracellular functional chloroplasts from algae, while degrading other algal cell components. While protective mechanisms that limit oxidative damage under excessive light are well documented in plants and algae, the photoprotective strategies employed by these photosynthetic sea slugs remain unresolved. Species within the genus Elysia are known to retain chloroplasts from various algal sources, but the extent to which the metabolic processes from the donor algae can be sustained by the sea slugs is unclear. By comparing responses to high‐light conditions through kinetic analyses, molecular techniques, and biochemical assays, this study shows significant differences between two photosynthetic Elysia species with chloroplasts derived from the green alga Acetabularia acetabulum. Notably, Elysia timida displayed remarkable tolerance to high‐light stress and sophisticated photoprotective mechanisms such as an active xanthophyll cycle, efficient D1 protein recycling, accumulation of heat‐shock proteins and α‐tocopherol. In contrast, Elysia crispata exhibited absence or limitations in these photoprotective strategies. Our findings emphasize the intricate relationship between the host animal and the stolen chloroplasts, highlighting different capacities to protect the photosynthetic organelle from oxidative damage.
Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Leaves and Roots of Jatropha curcas Genotypes with Contrasting Levels of Phorbol Esters
Authors: Neto Domingos F. M. , Garrett Rafael , Domont Gilberto B. , Campos Francisco A. P. , Nogueira Fábio C. S.
Published: April 2024

Aims

Phorbol esters (PE) are toxic diterpenoids accumulated in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seed tissues. Their biosynthetic pathway remains unknown, and the participation of roots in this process may be possible. Thus, we set out to study the deposition pattern of PE and other terpenoids in roots and leaves of genotypes with detected (DPE) and not detected (NPE) phorbol esters based on previous studies.

Outline of data resources

We analyzed physic nut leaf and root organic extracts using LC‐HRMS. By an untargeted metabolomics approach, it was possible to annotate 496 and 146 metabolites in the positive and negative electrospray ionization modes, respectively.

Key results

PE were detected only in samples of the DPE genotype. Remarkably, PE were found in both leaves and roots, making this study the first report of PE in J. curcas roots. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that diterpenoids and apocarotenoids are preferentially accumulated in the DPE genotype in comparison with NPE, which may be linked to the divergence between the genotypes concerning PE biosynthesis, since sesquiterpenoids showed greater abundance in the NPE.

Utility of the resource

The LC‐HRMS files, publicly available in the MassIVE database (identifier MSV000092920), are valuable as they expand our understanding of PE biosynthesis, which can assist in the development of molecular strategies to reduce PE levels in toxic genotypes, making possible the food use of the seedcake, as well as its potential to contain high‐quality spectral information about several other metabolites that may possess biological activity.
A meta‐analysis revealing the technical, environmental, and host‐associated factors that shape the gut microbiota of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout
Authors: Cao Shuowen , Dicksved Johan , Lundh Torbjörn , Vidakovic Aleksandar , Norouzitallab Parisa , Huyben David
Published: April 2024

Salmonids, specifically Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), are commonly farmed and their gut microbiota plays important roles for optimal growth, health, and physiology. However, differences in experimental design, technical factors and bioinformatics make it challenging to compare the results from different studies and draw general conclusions about their influence on the fish gut microbiota. For a more comprehensive understanding of the gut microbiota, we collected all the publicly accessible 16S rRNA gene sequencing data with clearly stated sample metadata from freshwater Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout intestinal contents and mucosa sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 783 samples from 19 published studies were included in this meta‐analysis to test the impact of the technical, environmental, and host‐accociated factors. This meta‐analysis revealed that all the tested factors significantly influenced the alpha and beta diversities of the gut microbiota of salmon and trout. Technical factors, especially target region and DNA extraction kit, affected the beta diversity to a larger extent, while host‐associated and environmental factors, especially diet and initial fish weight, had a higher impact on the alpha diversity. Salmon had a higher alpha diversity and higher abundance of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus than trout, which had higher abundance of Weissella and Mycoplasma. The results of this meta‐analysis fill in a critical knowledge gap that demonstrate technical methodologies must be standardized and factors associated with host and environment need to be accounted for in the future design of salmonid gut microbiota experiments.
Supplementation of rumen‐protected lysine during the close‐up period improves vaginal discharge clearance in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Kawashima Chiho , Hayakawa Hina , Taniguchi Aki , Sugimoto Yusuke , Kusaba Nobuyuki , Yamagishi Norio , Goto Akira
Published: April 2024

We aimed to evaluate the effects of rumen‐protected lysine (RPL) supplementation during the close‐up period on uterine involution and the resumption of ovarian function in dairy cows. Fifty‐two multiparous Holstein cows were categorized based on parity and expected calving date and randomly assigned to the RPL or control (CON) groups. The RPL group received 80 g of RPL daily from day 21 before the expected calving date until parturition. Blood samples were obtained twice weekly from pre‐supplementation to 6 weeks postpartum. The onset of luteal activity postpartum was determined via ultrasonography twice weekly for up to 6 weeks postpartum. Uterine involution was tracked at 3 and 5 weeks postpartum through the vaginal discharge score, percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in endometrial cytology samples, presence of intrauterine fluid, and gravid horn diameter via ultrasonography. Before supplementation, the RPL group showed amino acid imbalance, which was improved by RPL supplementation. There were no significant differences in the onset of luteal activity, percentage of PMN, intrauterine fluid, or the diameter of the uterine horn between the two groups. The vaginal discharge score in the RPL group decreased from 3 to 5 weeks postpartum, whereas that in the CON groups did not decrease. The number of cows with clinical endometritis was lower in the RPL group. Overall, RPL supplementation during the close‐up period enhanced vaginal discharge clearance, potentially averting clinical endometritis, but did not affect the first ovulation in dairy cows.
Surgical lung biopsy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Is the risk–benefit ratio changing
Authors: Glaspole Ian N. , Troy Lauren K.
Published: April 2024

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Risk Factors of the Occurrence and Treatment Failure of Refractory Peritoneal Dialysis‐Associated Peritonitis: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study From China
Authors: Liang Qichen , Zhao Huiping , Wu Bei , Niu Qingyu , Lu Lixia , Qiao Jie , Men Chuncui , He Yuting , Chu Xinxin , Zuo Li , Wang Mei
Published: April 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of refractory peritoneal dialysis (PD)‐associated peritonitis as well as the risk factors of its occurrence and treatment failure.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective cohort study was conducted among 519 patients undergoing PD from January 2007 to October 2021. According to the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guidelines, all episodes occurred in our center were divided into two groups: refractory and nonrefractory. Demographic, biochemical, and pathogenic bacteria and treatment outcome data were collected.

Results

During the 15‐year period, 282 episodes of peritonitis occurred in 166 patients undergoing PD. The refractory rate was 34.0% (96/282). Gram‐positive organisms were the leading cause of peritonitis (47.9%); however, gram‐negative organisms were predominant in refractory peritonitis (34.4%, p = 0.002). Multiple logistic regression revealed that gram‐negative organism‐based peritonitis, longer PD duration, and female sex were the significant independent predictors of refractory peritonitis. Among 96 refractory episodes, white blood cell (WBC) count, dialysate WBC on Day 3, and PD duration ≥5 years were the independent risk factors of treatment failure.

Conclusions

Gram‐negative organism‐based peritonitis, longer PD duration, and female sex were the independent risk factors of refractory peritonitis. Refractory peritonitis with higher WBC count, higher dialysate WBC on Day 3, and PD duration ≥5 years increased treatment failure risk and required immediate PD catheter removal. The timely identification of refractory peritonitis with high risk of treatment failure as well as timely PD catheter removal is important.
The role of emotional suppression and emotional beliefs in explaining the honor‐suicide link
Authors: Foster Stephen , Albright Austin , Bock Jarrod
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Prior research has established individuals living in cultures of honor to be at higher risk for suicide. However, research has yet to examine how emotion regulation may play a role in explaining this link. The current research intended to address if those who endorse honor norms, who are keen to protect their reputation, might engage in emotional suppression as a way to avoid being seen as weak, thus heightening their risk for suicide.

Method

Data were collected using a survey design across three studies (total N = 988). Studies 1 and 2 were cross‐sectional designs with MTurk and undergraduate samples. Study 3 was conducted longitudinally using CloudResearch.

Results

Results demonstrated those higher in honor endorsement engage in emotional suppression to avoid being seen as weak (Study 1), that emotional suppression and subsequent depression indirectly explain the relationship between honor endorsement and suicide attempts (Study 2), and that relationships between honor endorsement and changes in suicidal ideation are explained by emotional suppression and depressive symptomology (Study 3).

Conclusion

Findings provide needed insight into the daily emotional experiences of honor endorsers and how it may influence suicidality, providing a point of entry for clinicians to construct meaningful honor‐oriented intervention programs.
Effects of high‐intensity interval training on depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Gaia Jhonatan Wélington Pereira , Schuch Felipe Barreto , Ferreira Rodrigo Weyll , Souza Edielen de Lima , Ferreira Verônica Moreira Souto , Pires Daniel Alvarez
Published: April 2024

Although evidence regarding the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on mental health has increased in recent years, there is still no consensus regarding the effects of HIIT on the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a healthy population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The following four databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We performed a random‐effects meta‐analysis based on standardized mean difference (SMD). The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated based on recommendations GRADE. Eight RCTs evaluating 471 participants (81% female) were considered eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that HIIT‐based interventions had no significant effect on reducing anxiety (SMD = −0.17; 95% CI: −0.53, 0.19; p = 0.27) and depressive symptoms (SMD = −0.38; 95% CI: −1.06, 0.30; p = 0.17) compared with the passive control group. In conclusion, HIIT does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. This finding is based on evidence of very low certainty. Therefore, the evidence is still not consistent enough to support HIIT as a viable strategy to reduce both outcomes because of the limited number of included studies and the overall quality of evidence.
Look over there. Where? A compositional approach to the modeling of public opinion on the most important problem
Authors: Jokinsky Steven , Lipsmeyer Christine S. , Philips Andrew Q. , Williams Laron K. , Whitten Guy D.
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aims to test whether the American public is polarized and/or parallel in its assessments of the most important problem.

Methods

We use compositional time series models and new data on public opinion to test for differences between subgroups.

Results

We find inconsistent evidence of polarization for some issue areas but not others and remarkably robust evidence of parallel reactions across subgroups to economic and international shocks.

Conclusion

The U.S. public is remarkably consistent in terms of its assessments of the most important problem and in how subgroups shift their perceptions of issue importance in reaction to changing circumstances.
A microRNA528‐ZmLac3 module regulates low phosphate tolerance in maize
Authors: Pei Laming , Gao Xiaomei , Tian Xiao , Liu Ning , Chen Minghao , Fernie Alisdair R. , Li Hui
Published: April 2024

MicroRNAs are known to play a crucial role in plant development and physiology and become a target for investigating the regulatory mechanism underlying plant low phosphate tolerance. ZmmiR528 has been shown to display significantly different expression levels between wild‐type and low Pi‐tolerant maize mutants. However, its functional role in maize low Pi tolerance remains unknown. In the present study, we studied the role and underlying molecular mechanism of miR528 in maize with low Pi tolerance. Overexpression of ZmmiR528 in maize resulted in impaired root growth, reduced Pi uptake capacity and compromised resistance to Pi deficiency. By contrast, transgenic maize plants suppressing ZmmiR528 expression showed enhanced low Pi tolerance. Furthermore, ZmLac3 and ZmLac5 which encode laccase were identified and verified as targets of ZmmiR528. ZmLac3 transgenic plants were subsequently generated and were also found to play key roles in regulating maize root growth, Pi uptake and low Pi tolerance. Furthermore, auxin transport was found to be potentially involved in ZmLac3‐mediated root growth. Moreover, we conducted genetic complementary analysis through the hybridization of ZmmiR528 and ZmLac3 transgenic plants and found a favorable combination with breeding potential, namely anti‐miR528:ZmLac3OE hybrid maize, which exhibited significantly increased low Pi tolerance and markedly alleviated yield loss caused by low Pi stress. Our study has thus identified a ZmmiR528‐ZmLac3 module regulating auxin transport and hence root growth, thereby determining Pi uptake and ultimately low Pi tolerance, providing an effective approach for low Pi tolerance improvement through manipulating the expression of miRNA and its target in maize.