bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DUP Discourses on Violence and their Impact on the Northern Ireland Peace Process
Authors: Rankin Amber , Ganiel Gladys
Published: July 2021

This paper analyses the Democratic Unionist Party‟s (DUP) discourses about paramilitary violence in Northern Ireland. Drawing on narrative analysis of DUP discourses reported in Northern Ireland‟s largest unionist newspaper, the News Letter (1998–2006), it explores the relationship between the party‟s identity, its discourses about republican and loyalist paramilitaries, and the impact of these words on the DUP‟s electoral success and on the peace process. The paper argues that these discourses may haunt the progress of peace-building, not least because the DUP will find it hard to disentangle itself from a history of scepticism and nay-saying even as it takes a leading role in a devolved Executive designed by an Agreement it long-scorned.
Psychological Correlates of Public Support for Reconciliation: The Israeli-Jordanian Case
Authors: Maoz Ifat , Shamir Jacob , Wolfsfeld Gadi , Dvir Shira
Published: July 2021

This study examines psychological correlates of Jewish-Israeli support for post-conflict political reconciliation with Jordan. An analysis of data from a public opinion survey conducted with a representative sample of Israeli-Jews (n=1000) indicated that appraisal of outgroup collective threat, as well as hatred and (lack of) sympathy towards Jordanians, predicted Jewish-Israeli decreased support for peaceful reconciliation with Jordan. Our findings point to the crucial role of threat perceptions in hindering post-conflict reconciliation and to the importance of sympathy towards the other side in increasing support for such reconciliation.
Military Modernization and Peaceful Rising: A Harmonious Transition of the PLA into the Future
Authors: Li Xiaobing
Published: July 2021

This article seeks to elucidate the recent changes to the Chinese military by examining the new characteristics of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and its newly adopted approaches for modernization between 2003 and 2008. It includes diachronic discussions to explore various social and political factors for the changes, domestic and international constraints on the implementation of military modernization, and the outcomes of these endeavors. The main findings indicate that the Chinese military has changed its main feature as two important transitions have emerged: first, the PLA has been transformed from a manpower intensive army to a technology oriented force; and second, from a national security army to an internationally operated force. Consequently, the high command begins to consider the PLA as a part of the global military cooperation.
“The Problem from Hell”: Examining the Role of Peace and Conflict Studies for Genocide Intervention and Prevention
Authors: Cormier Paul , Karari Peter , Kumar Alka , Neustaeter Robin , Read Jodi , Senehi Jessica
Published: July 2021

Genocide is one of the most challenging problems of our age. In her book, “A Problem from Hell:” America and the Age of Genocide, Samantha Power (2002) argues that the United States, while in a position to intervene in genocide, has lacked the will to do so, and therefore it is incumbent on the U.S. citizenry to pressure their government to act. This article reviews how the topic of genocide raises questions along the fault lines of the field of Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS). In this article, a framework is provided to examine genocide and responses to it. This includes a review of a multiplicity of factors that (a) facilitate genocide, (b) constrain action in the face of it, and (c) facilitate intervention. In this analysis, further consideration is given to the location of the actor either within the region of the conflict or external to it. Our goal is to situate the study of genocide in the PACS field and promote to the articulation of possibilities for intervention by individuals, organizations, and policymakers.
Network Facilitation and Social Capital
Authors: Hansen Toran
Published: July 2021

This paper empirically demonstrates that networks of organizations working together can be facilitated by individual network members, even when no facilitators are formally designated by the network members. Regression analyses also revealed statistically significant relationships between the frequency that facilitation functions were facilitated in the inter-organizational network studied and both the level of trust that the network members had for their inter-organizational network and the level of work coordination experienced by the members of the network. These two dependent variables were utilized as indicators of social capital, which was therefore found to be enhanced by inter-organizational network facilitation in this study. This research suggests that conflict resolution practitioners and scholars can work with inter-organizational networks by fulfilling network facilitation roles, training network members in facilitation, or researching facilitation in inter-organizational networks. The context for the study is an inter-organizational political advocacy nonprofit network in Minnesota that organized protest activities against the Iraq War in 2009.
Grassroots Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland and the Border Counties: Elements of An Effective Model
Authors: Skarlato Olga , Byrne Sean , Ahmed Kawser , Hyde Julie , Karari Peter
Published: July 2021

Following the 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement many community-based organizations became involved in localized peace-building activities in Northern Ireland and the Border Counties. Drawing financial support from the EU Programme for Peace and Reconciliation and the International Fund for Ireland, these organizations adopted various strategic mechanisms to implement their projects –synchronizing bottom-up development initiatives with top-level government policies. Their effectiveness has already been felt in Northern Ireland as reduced political violence and improved socioeconomic conditions. However, the long-term sustainability of this work is questionable, affected as it is by continued intercommunity segregation, low macro-level political support, and global economic instability. This article explores the perceptions of 120 civil society leaders regarding the peace-building practices employed by community-based organizations in Northern Ireland and the Border Counties. Key elements of an effective peace-building model are suggested that may contribute to the improvement of peace-building and reconciliation efforts in other contexts affected by ethno-political conflict.
Bereavement, Storytelling, and Reconciliation: Peacebuilding Between Israelis and Palestinians
Authors: Furman Frida
Published: July 2021

Despite the ongoing conflict and the general neglect by the media, power brokers, and the public, grassroots organizations in the Middle East persist in their dedication to “people to people” diplomacy between Israelis and Palestinians. The Parents Circle-Families Forum is a bi-national NGO committed to peacebuilding and reconciliation between Jewish Israelis and Palestinians from East Jerusalem and the West Bank. Its most distinctive features are its membership, composed of 300 families from each side who have lost a close relative to the conflict, and its use of storytelling to connect the two sides. Bereaved individuals develop the capacity for empathy and moral responsibility beyond their own people by encountering “the other” via personal stories of loss and suffering. In pairs, Palestinian and Israeli members then share these stories with students in each society, modeling compassion and human solidarity, in an effort to bring about social transformation. This paper, based on ethnographic research recently conducted in Israel and the West Bank, considers the moral dynamics of these encounters and presentations, and their potential contribution to reconciliation and conflict transformation.
Symbolic and Concrete Demands in Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Nagar Rotem , Shamir Jacob
Published: July 2021

Researchers have recently leveled criticism at the realist approach to conflict resolution by pointing out the importance of symbolic aspects of this issue. Few studies, however, have hitherto focused on symbolic demands in conflicts. The present study examines the role of symbolic as well as concrete demands in conflict resolution, and is therefore innovative in this regard. A demand is categorized as “concrete” if it is based on an interest that is viable and applicable, in that it involves tangible resources that may change hands or be divided. A “symbolic” demand, on the other hand, pivots on either refraining from or taking action rather than on a tangible result. With reference to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, this research suggests that the relationship between symbolic and concrete demands can serve as a tool for achieving conflict resolution – not only by compensating for symbolic demands with concrete demands and vice versa but also by balancing between the symbolic and the concrete aspects within the same demand. These findings may have valuable implications for the use of symbolic discourse as an instrument to transform conflicts.
Políticas públicas de ações afirmativas: reflexões sobre ingresso e permanência de estudantes indígenas do convênio FUB/FUNAI
Authors: Euzebio Umberto , França Rayanne Cristine Máximo , Rebouças Eduardo Melo
Published: July 2021

Neste trabalho são suscitadas discussões e questionamentos sobre desafios e demandas postas à universidade pública pela inclusão e permanência de alunos ingressantes pelo convênio FUB/FUNAI. Com abordagens da pesquisa-ação, pesquisa participante e escuta sensível, foram avaliados os aspectos qualitativos envolvendo os fenômenos socioculturais e educacionais dos estudantes durante quatro anos. São necessárias relações de trocas e diálogos contínuos para a construção da identidade acadêmica indígena a partir de um ambiente político, pedagógico e metodológico que garanta as especificidades indígenas assegurando melhoria dessa política. Os processos de construção da universidade pública verdadeiramente inclusiva demandam a participação direta de entidades e sujeitos sociais nas frentes de elaboração das políticas públicas, essas ações afetam diretamente os grupos aos quais são direcionadas.
A Comprehensive Study on Intelligence System for Automatize Event Tracker System Using Learning Method
Authors: Natarajan Dr. Balakrishnan , Vanitha Dr.A.
Published: July 2021

In image processing, the radical scheme is required to propose a model for extracting the required content from an image. It plays a critical position to offer significant facts and needs methods in various automation arenas. By keeping the way of a parting textual content from images has proposed via following the sparse matrix illustration, grouping text components are based on heuristic rules and clustered into sentence generation. This paper directs a study on image analysis that inspects visual items as objects and different text patterns. Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis naïve Bayes Algorithm are used to predict the image forms. This proposed work promotes the learning algorithm called Learning Vector Quantization Prediction Algorithm (LVQ Predict) is used to analysis the parts of the image. The features are extracted and classifies into printed and non-printed texts. Further, these texts are normalized and documented.
Grounding of Design and Technology Parameters of Combined Coulter Furrow Opener of Precision Seed Drill
Authors: Dmytro Artemenko , Mykola Sviren , Volodymyr Onopa , Viktor Deikun , Vitaliy Majara
Published: July 2021

A formation of a seedbed is an important step during seed sowing process. A quality of seedbed formation influences on seeds distribution along both a row and a depth and is triggering the opportunity to obtain early and even sprouts. The design of the furrow opener is the main element that has a direct impact on the qualitative formation of seedbed and technological parameters of coulter operation. During the research, there has been analyzed the modern construction of precision seed drills coulters and specified advantages and disadvantages of their operation. It has been established that the most advanced are coulters having a working section with a combined angle (sharp and obtuse) of entry into the soil. The attained results afforded to develop an improved design of the coulter furrow opener of the precision seed drill. There was brought forward a combined wedge furrow opener, the upper part of which has a working section with a sharp angle of entry into the soil, lower - and compactor, located in the rear part of the furrow opener, which forms seedbed has a working surface with an obtuse angle of entry into the soil. There were obtained analytical dependences targeted to determine the main structural and technological parameters of the operating elements of a combined coulter furrow opener which is used to seed cultivated crops: the angles of entry into the soil of the upper and lower part of the furrow opener, compactor in the rolling plane and the angle of tip of the furrow opener in the horizontal plane.
Grain Yield Estimation in Cultivated Land Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Nagendra Dr.K. Venkata , Prasad Dr.B. , Kumar K.T.P.S. , Raghuram K.S. , Somasundaram Dr.K.
Published: July 2021

Agriculture contributes approximately 28 percent of India's GDP, and agriculture employs approximately 65 percent of the country's labor force. India is the world's second-largest agricultural crop producer. Agriculture is not only an important part of the expanding economy, but it is also necessary for our survival. The technological contribution could assist the farmer in increasing his yield. The selection of each crop is critical in the planning of agricultural production. The selection of crops will be influenced by a variety of factors, including market price, production rate, and the policies of the various government departments. Numerous changes are required in the agricultural field in order to improve the overall performance of our Indian economy. By using machine learning techniques that are easily applied to the farming sector we can improve agriculture. Along with all of the advancements in farming machinery and technology, the availability of useful and accurate information about a variety of topics plays an important role in the success of the industry. It is a difficult task to predict agricultural output since it depends on a number of variables, such as irrigation, ultraviolet (UV), insect killers, stimulants & the quantity of land enclosed in that specific area. It is proposed in this article that two distinct Machine Learning (ML) methods be used to evaluate the yields of the crops. The two algorithms, SVR and Linear Regression, have been well suited to validate the variable parameters of the continuous variable estimate with 185 acquired data points.
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Intrusion Detection in Co-Operative Motion
Authors: Pazhanisamy K. , Parthiban Dr. Latha
Published: July 2021

As the number of wireless devices continues to increase rapidly, mobile ad hoc networking (MANET) has emerged as an exciting and significant technological advance. MANETs were susceptible to attacks because of their open media, continuously changing network design, cooperation mechanisms, lack of a protective measure and management point, and a coherent layer of attack. However, regular functioning frequently generates traffic corresponding to a "signature attack," which leads to false alerts. One of the significant disadvantages is the inability to identify new attacks without established signatures. In this article, we describe our efforts towards creating the capability for MANET intrusion detection (ID). Based on our previous works on outlier detection, we explore how Intrusion Detection in Partial Swarm Optimization (IDPSO) and Support vector Regression(SVR) may improve an anomaly detection method to give additional information about attack kinds and origins. We can use a basic formula to determine the attack type for many well-known assaults whenever an anomaly is detected.
Preliminary study on Copper, Zinc and Iron concentration in soils from waste dumping site in Tanah Merah, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Karim Muhammad Firdaus , Hambali Kamarul , Sow Ai Yin , Hassin Nor Hizami , Abas Muhamad Azahar , Muhamad Nor Amal Najihah , Amir Aainaa , Ismail Lukman
Published: July 2021

Soil is a complex matrix and a major reservoir of contamination. It can bind many potential toxicelements such as heavy metals, and they can exist in various forms. The main objective was tocharacterize the soil sample in relation to heavy metal concentrations in the Tanah Merah wastedumping site. Soil samples were taken from three different locations around the waste dumping siteand determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) for Cu, Fe and Zn determination.High concentrations of Fe (9.18 mg/L) as compared to Cu (0.53 mg/L), and Zn (0.49 mg/L) werefound in the soil samples but were lower than previous studies. However, early precautionaryactions need to be implemented since a higher volume of waste disposal in the future might causechanges in heavy metals intensity at the waste dumping site.
Effect of Napier grass ensiled with or without inclusion of soy waste on the performance of growing goats
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mijanur , Raja Khalif Raja Ili Airina Binti , Wan Khadijah Wan Embong , Abdullah Ramli Bin
Published: July 2021

Utilization of soy waste as a ruminant feed is low due to storage problems and transportation costs.An experiment was carried out with fifteen goats to assess the feeding value of Napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum) ensiled with or without soy waste. Grass ensiled without soy waste wastermed as NM silage, while grass ensiled 30% soy waste (w/w) was termed as NMS silage. In bothsilages, 1.0% molasses (w/w) were incorporated to enhance the fermentation process. After 2months of ensiling, three diets were formulated and assigned to one of three groups: (i) Napier grassad libitum plus 1% pellet of body weight (BW) on a dry matter (DM) basis (T1), (ii) NM silage adlibitum plus 1% soy waste of BW on a DM basis (T2), and (iii) NMS silage ad libitum (T3). TheNMS silage showed a lower pH (4.04 vs. 4.64) than NM silage. The NMS silage exhibited higherproportions of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) compared to NM silage. Animalsreceived T1 diet showed higher (p<0.05) DM, OM and neutral detergent fibre intake compared tothe animals received T2 and T3 diets. However, animals received T2 diet showed higher CP intakethan the animals received T1 and T3 diets. Similarly, animals received T2 diet showed higher(p<0.05) BW gain (49.4 vs. 16.5 g/d) than the goats fed T3 diet. In conclusion, the T3 diet mayhave limited goat performance, which needs further study to improve the quality of silage.
Combined Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Maize for Sustainable Food Supply in Semi-Arid, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Oyebamiji Noah , Abimbola Babalola Oluwatoyin , Stephen Ogundijo Dayo
Published: July 2021

Biomass transfer using fertiliser tree species is a more sustainable means for maintaining nutrient balances in maize based production systems. This research investigated the combined effects of incorporation of leafy biomass of fertilizer trees as organic fertilizer and urea as inorganic fertiliser for sustainable food production viz-a-viz maize-based crop in semi-arid, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out as 3 x 4 x 2 factorial in a split-split plot design with three replicates. Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at p =.05. Albizia lebbeck amended plots consistently had significantly higher values in 2014, 2015 and combined means (12.8 kg ha-1, 13 kg ha-1, 12.9 kg ha1) of cob length, (345.8 kg ha-1, 311.8 kg ha-1, 328.8 kg ha-1) of grains per cob and grain yield (2097.3 kg ha-1, 1667.7 kg ha-1, 1881.9 kg ha-1) throughout the cropping seasons and combinedeffect respectively compared to Parkia biglobosa. Positive significant correlation was experienced between the growth and yield components. Inclusion of nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizer trees improved the production of these maize varieties compared to control. It is therefore concluded that incorporation of Albizia lebbeck with up to 40 kg N ha-1 rate of nitrogen fertilizer into the soilimproved its quality for better yield of both 2009 EVAT and DMR-ESR-7 maize varieties.
PSİKOLOJİK DANIŞMAN ADAYLARININ İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİ VE KENDİNİ AÇMA DÜZEYLERİ: GRUPLA PSİKOLOJİK DANIŞMA YAŞANTISI
Authors: SARAÇ Ayça
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada, grupla psikolojik danışma uygulamaları dersinin psikolojik danışman adaylarının iletişim becerileri ve kendini açma düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla grupla danışma uygulaması dersini alan psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik son sınıf öğrencilerinden ders sürecinin başında ve sonunda iki ayrı ölçüm alınmıştır. Bu ölçümler yolu ile grupla psikolojik danışma uygulamalarının etkililiği sınanmış ve bu uygulamaların öğrencilerin kendini açma düzeyleri ve kişilerarası iletişim becerileri üzerindeki etkisi test edilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu, 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında grupla psikolojik danışma uygulamaları dersini alan 79 lisans öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma grubu toplamda on oturum olarak planlanan ve grup içi etkileşime dayalı altı ayrı psikolojik danışma grubundan oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma verileri Kendini Açma Ölçeği ve İletişim Becerileri Envanteri ile toplanmıştır. Grupla psikolojik danışma uygulaması dersi sonunda öğrencilerin kendini açmanın alt boyutları olan niyet ve miktar puanlarında anlamlı bir artış gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin iletişim becerilerinin tüm alt boyutlarında aldıkları puan da anlamlı bir şekilde artmıştır.
PSİKOLOJİK YARDIM ALMA TUTUMLARI, İŞLEVSEL OLMAYAN TUTUMLAR VE BENLİK SAYGISI İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: TEMİZ Murat , ÖZDOĞAN Büşra , HIZLI Gökben
Published: July 2021

Psikolojik yardım alma, bireyin içinde bulunduğu ve üstesinden gelemediği sorunları için profesyonel ya da profesyonel olmayan kaynaklardan destek istemesidir. Bireyin yardım almaya ilişkin düşünce ve davranışları, kısacası tutumları karşılaşılan zorluklarda profesyonel yardım alınmasında belirleyici bir role sahiptir. Benlik saygısı, bireyin kendisi ile uyum içinde olması ve kendi yaptıklarından hoşnut olması duygusu olarak açıklanabilir. Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik yardım alma tutumlarının, işlevsel olmayan tutumlar ve benlik saygısı ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu korelasyonel çalışmaya, 150 üniversite öğrencisi dâhil edilmiştir. Veriler; Öğrenci Bilgi Formu, Psikolojik Yardım Almaya İlişkin Tutumlar Ölçeği, Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği, İşlevsel Olmayan Tutumlar Ölçeği, Kısa Semptom Envanteri ile toplanmıştır. Yapılan araştırmada yaş, sınıf, en çok yaşanılan yer, ebeveyn eğitim durumu, algılanan aile gelir durumu gibi sosyodemografik özelliklerin; anksiyete, depresyon, somatizasyon gibi semptomlardan alınan puanların artması ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte benlik saygısı ile semptom puanları ve fonksiyon olmayan tutumlar arasında pozitif, psikolojik yardım almaya dair tutum arasında ise negatif bir korelasyon vardır. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, gençlerin psikolojik yardım almalarını kolaylaştırabilmek amacıyla aileleri ve okuldaki eğitmenleri de kapsayacak şekilde geniş çaplı eğitim programları düzenlenmesine ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.
South African Career Development Institution Management in Graduates Alumni Assisten
Authors: Dominic Tonto Chioma , Sobowale Iyabo Ike
Published: July 2021

This article discusses career development management that can help career empowerers combine skills such as applying theoretical constructs realistically and creatively to focus on innovative ways of doing things that make careers possible as factors that provide support to employees in the workplace and contribute on their professional development. In contrast to other approaches to career development, the conventional approach to career development is mainly focused with techniques that are meant to utilize skill development and supply to drive economic growth rather than anything else. However, although the promotion of economic growth is an important goal for career development in South Africa, it is not the only goal for the country's development agenda, which includes a number of other goals. Globally, a vision of career development based on clearly defined economic goals would be at conflict with South Africa's development rhetoric, according to the World Bank's Africa Development Report
Relação Professor e Estudante na Universidade: Visão de Acadêmicos do Curso de Letras
Authors: Ribeiro Marinalva , Da Silva Oliveira Jeiziane , Oliveira Ramos Evódio Maurício
Published: July 2021

A relação estabelecida entre professores e estudantes pode favorecer, ou dificultar, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Espera-se que, além do conhecimento teórico, o professor tenha atenção às culturas e identidades, expectativas e necessidades discentes e que desenvolva estratégias didáticas com vistas à aprendizagem significativa de tais sujeitos. O estudo é parte de uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujo objetivo foi conhecer as características das relações instituídas entre docentes e discentes do curso de Letras Vernáculas de uma universidade pública. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a acadêmicos do referido curso. Concluímos que os universitários valorizam o diálogo e a empatia, sentem falta da proximidade e da atenção dos docentes à suas necessidades pedagógicas. Relatam posturas docentes que dificultam aprendizados significativos.
The Influence of an Initial Face-to-Face Meeting in an E-mail Delivered Physical Activity Intervention: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Barisic Andriana , Kreiger Nancy , Leatherdale Scott , Faulkner Guy , Kirsh Victoria , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the influence of an initial face-to-face meeting in an e-mail delivered physical activity intervention. RMANCOVA was conducted to examine differences between e-mail and face-to-face arms in mean weekly steps adjusted for baseline steps, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Overall, 68 participants were analyzed (face-to-face: (n=35); e-mail: (n=33). Participants in the face-to-face arm walked a greater number of steps each week; however, differences between arms pre- and post-intervention were not statistically significant (F (1, 60) = 0.31, p = .5796). These findings suggest that a physical activity intervention where initial instructions are delivered via e-mail is not statistically significantly different from a face-to-face approach.
Development and Computerized Implementation of an Impaired Driving Intervention for College Students
Authors: Martin Ryan , Usdan Stuart , Cremeens Jennifer , Devereaux Randy , Reddy Supriya , Schumacher Joe
Published: July 2021

Excessive alcohol consumption and drinking and driving among college students are public health concerns. Online alcohol-related interventions have produced some positive outcomes in the college student populations; however, online interventions to reduce drinking and driving specifically have been neither developed nor tested. We developed an online Impaired Driving Intervention (IDI) using the Impaired Driving Assessment, a modified alcohol-specific version of timeline follow-back method of assessing behavior. This research examines: (1) the development of the IDI; (2) a pilot test of the IDI among 19 undergraduates; and (3) the refinements made to the program based on the pilot test. As a result of our pilot test, we changed the timing of our participant screening and for several program components we provided clearer instructions, including the addition of informative “pop-up” windows.
Brief Assessment of Tobacco-Free Campus Policies Among University Residence Hall Employees
Authors: Day Timothy , Williams Ronald , Hunt Barry , Hall Michael
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of tobacco-free campus policies among residence life student employees. A survey was developed and administered to resident advisors yielding a total sample of 114 participants. Results showed differences between the tobacco-users’ and non-users’ age, tobacco-related health beliefs, and tobacco-free policy support. Tobacco users (47.6%) were also less likely than non-users (84.9%) to view tobacco use as a serious health risk (p<.001), as well as less likely to support a tobacco free campus (33.3% vs. 78.3%; p<.001). Residence life employees who use tobacco and those who do not use tobacco had different beliefs of effective enforcement strategies, which is important since this population is often part of the on-campus policy enforcement staff.
Awareness of Heart Disease Among Female College Students
Authors: Alshuwaiyer Ghadah , Taylor E. Laurette
Published: July 2021

This cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge of female students about heart disease (HD). A sample of 334 students (age=18-64 years) completed a 43-item survey. Students (32%) considered themselves “not informed” about HD. Yet, HD was identified as a main health problem (30.5%) and a leading cause of death (60%; p < .05). Students with private health insurance (54%) visited the doctor regularly versus those without private or known type of insurance (6.4% and 2.1%, respectively; p < .05). Students identified exercise (73.8%) and aromatherapy (14.1%) as preventive methods for HD. To increase HD awareness among female students, educational opportunities should be incorporated into coursework.
420: An Opportunity for Health Education and Research
Authors: Seitz Christopher , Orsini Muhsin Michael , Gartner Mark
Published: July 2021

This commentary describes the history and trend of the contemporary health issue “420,” a subcultural holiday for celebrating marijuana and its use. The potential implications for health educators in terms of practice and research are considered.
Health Education Faculty's Perceptions and Practices Regarding Advocacy
Authors: Everhart F. Jeannine , Wasshenova Emily Van , Mahas Rachel , Kerr Diane , Boardley Debra , Thompson Amy
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this national population study is to assess health education faculty’s perceptions of advocacy related activities and determine their current teaching practices. The study surveyed 1150 health education faculty members regarding their personal involvement in health advocacy, their current teaching practices regarding advocacy and public policy, and their confidence in teaching advocacy and public policy topics. The survey response rate was 50 %. Based on the findings of this study, professional development for faculty members and institutional support for increased training and personal involvement in the areas of advocacy and public policy are highly recommended.
Understanding Health Care Brokering Among Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Ball James , Banas Jennifer , Bice Matthew
Published: July 2021

Background: Health care brokering occurs when people with limited English proficiency rely on others to interpret health information. The purpose of this study was too describe what kinds of health brokering task individuals do, describe the emotional experience and academic impact of health brokering, and identify what kinds of support/services participants have access to or would want to have access to. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used to complete this study. Students and employees at a Midwestern university that is designated as a Hispanic Serving Institution were asked to complete a survey and participate in semi-structured interviews to get in-depth information about health care brokering. Results: The survey indicated the most common activities that health care brokers complete were looking up health information on the Internet and talking/translating to a doctor or nurse. Thee majority of participants had to miss class or work to complete health care brokering tasks and they reported feeling a mix of emotions while completing these tasks. The semi-structured interviews revealed four themes: lost opportunities, opportunity for personal growth, the stress of translation, and desired supports. Conclusion:  The diversity of this country is unlikely to change and it is important for health promotion professionals to explore and implement strategies to help families’ complete health care brokering tasks. Providing health care information and terms in all languages at the doctor’s offi ce seems like an attainable first step.
Recurring Themes of Network Support Exhibited by Adult Burn Survivors: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Abrams Thereasa , Becker Jennifer , Ratnapradipa Dhitinut , Ross Amanda , Neumeister Michael
Published: July 2021

This heuristic phenomenological study explored how eight burn-surviving adults living in the Midwestern U.S. experienced their social networks following discharge from a regional burn center. Participants were interviewed about their seven domains of post-burn health. The mean age of sample at the time of burns was 42.38 with burn injuries impacting >20% of total body surface area (TBSA). Data analysis identified common themes reflecting structural characteristics of social networks including reciprocity, intensity/strength, complexity, homogeneity, geographic dispersion and formality. We conclude that network characteristics differed in availability based on population size and urban vs. rural localities of participants’ home communities.
Health Related Quality of Life and Social Support: A Rural Mobilizing for Action Through Planning and Partnerships Feasibility Study
Authors: Story Chandra , Knutson Douglas , Kao Wei- Kang , Stuck Anna , Shreffler Rachel , Pratt Kari , Croff Julie , Miller Bridget
Published: July 2021

Background: Rural communities face geographical health inequities that can reduce quality of life. However, rural communities are thought to have close social networks and higher levels of support. The purpose of the current study was to determine the feasibility of utilizing a social support measure within the Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) quality of life assessment process. Methods: Study participants (n=242, mean age: 46.5) completed a demographic questionnaire, Sense of Social Support Scale, and selected questions from the World Health Organization Quality of Life survey. Results: Findings indicate that perceived social support predicts health related quality of life (p=<.001). In terms of social support, keeping in touch with friends and solicitation of help from friends were negatively associated with quality of life (p=.001; p=.018) respectively. The relationship between income level and health related quality of life was statistically significant (p=.018). Implications and Conclusions: Findings indicate that the measurement of social support and health related quality of life can be beneficial within a general rural community sample. Incorporation of social support measures within community based quality of life assessments can assist public health professionals with the development of appropriate programs and services.
Retrospective Evaluation of High School Sport Participation and Adult BMI Status, Physical Activity Levels, and Motivation to Exercise
Authors: Ball James , Bice Matthew , Parry Thomas
Published: July 2021

Previous research reports that children who are physically active are more likely to be active adults. The primary purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine participants’ high school sport type and compare current adult Body Mass Index (BMI) status, physical activity (PA) level, and motivation to exercise. Adults who participated in individual sports reported to have a significantly higher number of individuals in the normal BMI category (F = 16.25, p < 0.05). Participants who competed in individual sports while in high school reported to partake in significantly more days of vigorous physical activity as an adult (F = 5.7, p < .05). The two exercise motivation constructs competence (r = .361, p < .01) and relatedness (r = .219, p < .01) were found to be the most prominently associated with overall physical activity levels between both individual and team sport participants. There were more days of vigorous PA and more individuals in the normal BMI category who participated in individual sports. The current study does not neglect the importance of team sports, but suggests that schools and communities should consider offering more individual sports/activities and emphasize the acquisition of individual skills associated with lifelong activities.
School Physical Education Policies and Practices and Student Physical Education Attendance
Authors: Kim Jinsook , Herrmann Lynn
Published: July 2021

This study examined how state-level measures of school-reported physical education (PE) provisions and exemption practices correlated to student-reported PE attendance among high school students, using data (n=50077) from state-representative schools and students from multiple states. Negative binomial regression was used to examine the association of the frequency of PE attendance with schools’ PE provision and exemption, controlling for student characteristics. The percentage of schools offering PE for all grades was positively associated with PE attendance more strongly among girls and higher-grade students. Permissive exemption policies were not associated with PE attendance. Offering PE for all grades may enhance PE attendance.
Predicting U.S. Adolescent Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Which Socio-ecological Factors Matter?
Authors: Odum Mary , Housman Jeff , Williams Ronald , Bishop James , Burson Sheri
Published: July 2021

Multiple socio-ecological levels of influences are acknowledged for adolescent fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, but consensus is lacking regarding the strength of predictors. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the relative influence of individual-, interpersonal-, and environmental-level variables on adolescent FV consumption among a nationally representative sample (n=1737). Individual-level factors were the strongest predictors: self-efficacy was strongest for fruit (Wald=17.702; p<0.001; OR=1.310) and vegetable consumption (Wald=25.267; p<.001; OR=1.381), while food preference was strongest for green salad consumption (Wald=80.362; p<.001; OR=1.590). Interpersonal and environmental-level factors, while still influential, had a smaller impact on adolescent FV consumption.
Parent Perceptions of a Child Physical Activity Initiative in a Rural Community
Authors: Leslie Katie F. , King Kristi M. , Wilson Richard W. , Gagne Patricia , Jones V. Faye
Published: July 2021

This study assessed the extent to which a community-based intervention developed for children impacted parent perceptions and behaviors toward physical activity in a rural community. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with parents of children who participated in physical activity programs. Analysis revealed an increased community awareness surrounding physical activity following program implementation. Parents and children encouraged each other to be physically active. Ecological barriers and enabling factors to adult physical activity were identified. These findings indicate a bidirectional influence between parent and child physical activity and the need for communityfacilities where families can be active together.
Exploring the Relationship Between College Students’ Barriers to Exercise and Motivation
Authors: Ball James W. , Bice Matthew R. , Maljak Kimberly A.
Published: July 2021

Background: Demographics among college students are becoming increasingly diverse and the enrollment of students who are considered “nontraditional” is on the rise. Traditional and nontraditional students are faced with numerous physical activity barriers and increased responsibilities when it comes to balancing school, work, and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between college students’ barriers to exercise and motivation among traditional and nontraditional students. Furthermore, the study explored the relationships between college students’ barriers to exercise and motivation among males and females. Methods: Participants (n = 217) completed the Barriers to Being Active Questionnaire, the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Questionnaire, and the InternationalPhysical Activity Questionnaire. Results: The study found there were no differences among motivational factors, barriers to exercise, and traditional and nontraditional students. Females in this study reported significantly higher ratings of barriers compared to males. However, they reported higher ratings in the competence construct of Self-Determination Theory as compared to males. Conclusions: The current study,revealed traditional and nontraditional students, as well as males and females, all reported the same top three barriers to exercise that include: lack of time, energy, and willpower. Understanding college students’ motivation and barriers to physical activity is an important step in developing strategies to help them enhance their health and well-being. With the help of health professionals, college students can learn howto overcome these barriers.
Promoting Physical Activity Among Female College Students: Identifying Possible Racial Differences
Authors: Williams Wanda M. , Sienko Danielle M. , Chittams Jesse
Published: July 2021

Physical inactivity increases the prevalence of diseases. A significant decline is noted among female collegestudents. This study identified factors that could be used to develop campus-wide physical activity (PA) initiativesto promote better health. Participants were diverse female students (N = 233, that completed an on-line PA sur-vey. Logistic regression analysis with post-hoc pair-wise t-test comparisons revealed significant differences betweenracial/ethnic groups regarding moderate and vigorous PA. College represents a major transition period for youngadults, and colleges and universities could promote more PA among female students, leading to better health wellbeyond graduation.
Positive Behavior and Perceptions of Safety Culture in Academic Research Laboratories
Authors: Ratnapradipa Dhitinut , Lee Jonah , Ratnapradipa Kendra , Galloway Marcus C. , Ruffing Ami , Batterman Stuart , Godwin Christopher
Published: July 2021

In academic labs, organizational culture is an important consideration for safety compliance. This studyexamined perceptions of risk and safety behavior to target training improvement. College of Science lab person-nel (n = 1,066) were invited participate in a web-based survey with the number of respondents (n=97) and theresponse rate (9.1%). Analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic evaluation. The majority of respondentsrated safety as important and agreed training was sufficient, but believed there was room to improve safety culture.Encouraging use of lab-based safety and risk discussions related to new research procedures was identified as areafor improvement. Perceptions of safety among leadership is important to overall lab culture.
Parent Perceptions of Environmental Triggers for Autism: A community-Based Pilot Study among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Rural Settings
Authors: Xu Lei , Balanay Jo Anne
Published: July 2021

Environmental factors have been increasingly identi ed as the cause of the current high prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand parents’ perceptions regarding environmental in uence and autism. Methods: We conducted individual, face-to-face interviews with parents of children with ASD in Eastern North Carolina. Results: Our sample is comprised of 25 parents of children with autism with an average age of 39.08 and 68% were mothers. Our data indicated that 19 (76%) parents believed that environmental factors impacted the development of their children’s autism, half of whom indicated >50% of influence. Among these environmental triggers, food and water (52%), air pollution (40%), pesticides and cleaning products (20%) were the most identied contributing factors associated with the onset of autism. Conclusions: Our findings reflected some unmet needs to improve parental awareness of environmental triggers of ASD.
Piloting Unequal Partners at a High School: Lessons Learned
Authors: Kowalk Katherine , Henry Dayna , Walter Katherine Ott , Merrell Laura
Published: July 2021

information for high school students on the importance of healthy relationships. Students were invited to attend a three-lesson program during extended learning times. Students completed surveys at baseline and following the final lesson. Post-program, a sample of students were surveyed in order to assess attendance barriers. While attitudes of students toward the program were positive, academic obligations and lack of advertisement were implementing this curriculum.
Effects of a Prosocial Skills Curriculum in an Afterschool Program
Authors: Herbert Patrick C. , Rhodes Darson , Whitney Elizabeth A. , Tiberi-Ramos Jelynn , Baer Hailee , Bylina Haley , Cox Carol
Published: July 2021

School-based substance use prevention and prosocial skills-based interventions have demonstrated promise, however, there is less known about the cognitive and behavioral benefits of such programs conducted in afterschool settings. A four-lesson, early intervention program focused on prosocial behavior development and facilitated by community substance use prevention coalition members was delivered to early elementary-aged participants in an afterschool program. Participant prevention knowledge as measured by brief pre-post quiz improved significantly (p < 0.001), but their mentor-observed prosocial behaviors as measured by pre-post behavioral attribute scale did not. A brief afterschool early prevention intervention can change substance use knowledge among early elementary participants. Prosocial behavior change, though, still warrants future investigation in the afterschool setting.
Pilot Assessment of the Scholar Checklist: A Tool for Early Childhood Health & Education
Authors: Becker Craig M. , Norris Ashley , Berry Susannah , Chaney Beth , Robinson Molly
Published: July 2021

Health has been shown to influence academic performance and self-regulation can have a positive influence on learning and health. This study investigated student usability and teacher feasibility of the Scholar Checklist tool for early childhood education and health. This study was a two-phased study, at a Division 1 university child development center. The study developed and tested the Scholar Checklist (SC) education tool with students and teachers. Phase one focused on student usability and phase two focused on teacher feasibility. Observations over multiple days by teachers and researchers collected baseline data. Teachers and researchers then collected and analyzed data about its usability and feasibility. Researcher observations, teacher perceptions, and teacher feedback suggested promising student usability and teacher feasibility of the Scholar Checklist in the education process.