bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hematologic manifestations of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: An emphasis on anemia
Authors: Kisaoglu Hakan , Baba Ozge , Kalyoncu Mukaddes
Published: April 2022

Objective

Anemia is common in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). While autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is the only etiology included in the classification criteria, the etiology of anemia in jSLE may be diverse. We aimed to investigate the etiology of anemia in jSLE and the relationship between anemia and disease characteristics at onset and during the follow-up period.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with jSLE who met the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Hematologic involvement was observed in 70% of the patients. Anemia was the most common cytopenia among patients (60%). Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) and AIHA were the most common etiological factors, both observed in 23% of patients. Patients with anemia had a significantly higher rate of positive ds-DNA antibody and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESH) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores. ESH, serum ferritin, and SLEDAI scores negatively correlated with hemoglobin levels in patients with anemia. Iron deficiency was the sole etiology of new-onset anemia. Patients with new-onset anemia during the follow-up period had significantly lower hemoglobin values at onset and a higher rate of renal involvement.

Conclusion

Anemia in jSLE is mostly AIHA and ACD, but iron deficiency is not rare. The severity of inflammation is associated with the severity of anemia. During the follow-up period, iron deficiency was the predominant cause of anemia, especially in patients with lower hemoglobin concentrations at onset and renal involvement.
Feudal bargain in Prague: The rise, spread, and fall of craft guilds
Authors: Dolejší David
Published: April 2022

Craft guilds were created as a response to certain problems associated with raising royal revenues and securing basic public services in Prague during the medieval and early modern periods. The theory consistent with historical evidence predicts that the rise, spread, and fall of guilds was a result of mutually beneficial bargaining between local craftsmen and their feudal rulers. Guilds enabled craftsmen to utilize the benefits of collusion by offering their capacities to sovereign authorities in exchange for exclusive market privileges. Nevertheless, they created social distortions within their industries in the process.
Two Necessary Paths to a Common Destination: A Rejoinder to Lévy
Authors: Kinzer Mark S.
Published: April 2022

In this rejoinder to Antoine Lévy, I reflect upon his main points, taking them up in the order in which he has raised them. I seek to clarify aspects of my article and my other writings that Lévy has misunderstood, elaborate on ideas that were previously undeveloped, and demonstrate how my ongoing dialogue with Lévy has led me to revise and refine some of my previous positions.
High-risk HPV Does not Appear to be an Important Risk Factor for Sinonasal Carcinomas in Turkish Population: A Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Apaydin Arikan Evsen , Aydemir Levent , Ulusan Murat , Yilmazbayhan Dilek , Ozluk Yasemin
Published: April 2022

Background. The sinonasal tract is the second most common site of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related carcinomas in the head and neck. Published data on the association between sinonasal tumors and HPV are quite inconsistent among different regions. Material and methods. We performed high-risk HPV DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16 immunohistochemistry on sinonasal carcinomas diagnosed between 2006 and 2016. Results. Of 105 sinonasal carcinomas, we found only two (2%) HPV-positive cases; both had non-keratinizing morphology and were diffusely positive for p16. By histologic type, HPV DNA positivity rate was 14% in non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas, and we did not detect HPV DNA in any other type of sinonasal carcinomas. Thirteen HPV-negative tumors (7 salivary gland carcinomas, 3 sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas, 2 keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas, and 1 non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma) were positive for p16. In nine carcinomas arising from an underlying sinonasal papilloma, p16 and HPV DNA ISH were evaluated in both carcinoma and papilloma areas and all were negative. Follow-up information was available for 104 patients; 46 (44%) were alive and 58 (55%) died of disease. One of the two HPV-positive patients died of the disease; the other was alive at 100 months of follow-up. Conclusions. We detected a much lower percentage of HPV positivity in sinonasal carcinomas when compared to the literature. We believe that our results support various rates of HPV-related carcinomas depending on the geographic and ethnic characteristics.
Robust flight control for a quadrotor under external disturbances based on predefined-time terminal sliding mode manifold
Authors: Labbadi Moussa , Elyaalaoui Kamal , Dabachi Mohamed Amine , Lakrit Soufian , Djemai Mohamed , Cherkaoui Mohamed
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the terminal sliding-mode control (TSMC) with predefined-time stability (PTS) for a disturbed quadrotor system (DQS). First, for both the rotational and translational subsystems of the DQS, a novel notion of predefined-time terminal sliding-mode manifold (PTTSMM) is created. Using the proposed PTTSMM method, the DQS state variables reach their origin in a predefined-time. The influence of disturbances is taken into consideration in the design of the suggested control to show its performance. A formal analysis technique is also provided, as well as the stability of the closed-loop DQS. The performance and effectiveness of the predefined-time method proposed in this work are illustrated by numerical simulations and also comparison study with other control techniques is presented.
The Effects of Shared Decision-Making on Patient Participation in Discharge Meetings in a Behavioral Health Unit
Authors: Williams Shana , Waldrop Julee
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Research suggests that persons diagnosed with behavioral health illnesses can benefit from shared decision-making. On an inpatient behavioral health unit, low Press Ganey scores related to satisfaction with involvement in care triggered a root cause analysis that identified patients did not feel engaged by nursing during their time together; and discharge meetings with the health care team were not required.

AIMS:

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve patient perception of involvement in their care as evidenced by increased Press Ganey scores and increased number of patients involved in discharge meetings.

METHODS:

Nurses used an evidence-based model for nurse–patient communication: the Seeking information, Engaging in conversation, Exploring options, and Deciding on treatment (SEED) and use of a Control Preferences Scale (CPS) to increase communication about treatment and discharge decisions.

RESULTS:

A total of 120 patients engaged in the intervention. Patient presence at discharge meetings increased from 39% to 82% ( p < .001), and Press Ganey scores evidenced minimal change.

CONCLUSIONS:

Use of the SEED model and CPS by nurses was effective in increasing patients’ involvement in their treatment. Although findings were limited due to COVID-19, the study suggests that improving patient involvement from admission through discharge throughout hospitalization can improve patient experience scores.
Ingested Foreign Bodies Can Cause Appendicitis and Perforation: A Multi-Institutional Case Series
Authors: Fuller Maren Y. , Leino Daniel G , Reyes-Múgica Miguel , Kovach Alexandra E. , Velázquez Vega José E. , Caltharp Shelley , Bhatti Tricia , Gonzalez Raul S
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Appendicular foreign bodies are a rare, under-described cause of appendicitis. We performed this study to determine the varied causes and consequences of foreign-body appendicitis.

Methods

On retrospective review of the pathology archives of seven institutions, we identified 56 appendix specimens containing a foreign body (defined as ingested, non-digestible material). We recorded the type of foreign body, patient age and sex, and other findings, as available.

Results

Mean patient age was 7.7 years (range: 1 day–18 years). The foreign bodies included hair, plant material, magnets, other metallic material, BB pellets, foreign material not otherwise specified, and other miscellaneous objects. Of 48 cases with available clinical information, 31 patients presented with abdominal pain, and 22 were preoperatively diagnosed as having appendicitis/appendicular inflammation. Seven patients had appendiceal perforation (13%). The foreign body was grossly identified in 34/47 cases with available gross descriptions. Twenty-seven cases had an identifiable foreign body microscopically; 10 were associated with giant cell reaction.

Discussion

Hair and plant materials were the most common foreign objects found in the appendix; they often cause mucosal damage and giant cell reaction. Metallic objects were less common. Although appendicular foreign bodies in children are rare and sometimes asymptomatic, they may lead to perforation.
The Role of Humor in Management Response to Positive Consumer Reviews
Authors: Liao Junyun , Li Chunyu , Filieri Raffaele
Published: April 2022

Marketing managers increasingly monitor their company's online reputation and respond to online consumer reviews on various digital platforms. The current literature provides valuable insights into effectively initiating management response (MR) to negative reviews. However, research on how companies should respond to positive reviews is limited, despite their prevalence in MR practice. In this study, we postulate that using humor in MR for positive reviews can be an effective response strategy to enhance positive attitudinal and behavioral responses. Drawing on parasocial interaction theory, we conducted a field investigation and two experimental studies to demonstrate that humorous ( vs. humorless) MRs to positive reviews fostered perceived parasocial interaction between prospective consumers and brands, which enhanced brand attitude and purchase intention. Furthermore, the proposed effects were stronger for consumers with communal norms than for those with exchange norms. This research advances the emerging literature on MR to consumer reviews of different valences and suggests important guidelines for effective MRs.
Re-interpreting Yoruba incantation: an example of Fryean apocalyptic and demonic imagery
Authors: Ayinla Sangodare , Aremu Ayodeji Adewuyi
Published: April 2022

Yoruba incantation is an oral poetic genre known to Yoruba people. Incantations can make things magically materialise and mostly follow the logic of observational truisms. Scholars have examined Yoruba incantation from different perspectives ranging from its poetics, aesthetics, potency, therapeutic value, contextual realisations, and typology. However, none of the available literature employs a particular theory to analyse Yoruba incantation. This study re-interprets Yoruba incantation using Fryean imagery vis-à-vis the incantation’s relevance in modern times. To this effect, a number of incantatory chants were collected from skilled chanters and translated by the researchers. The researchers adopted descriptive and content analysis research methods. The study employed Northrop Frye’s archetypal model, particularly his theoretical tenets of apocalyptic and demonic imagery, to analyse the data used in the article. The study then establishes that Yoruba incantation is not only rife with apocalyptic and demonic images, but that it also appeals to contemporary socio-cultural realities.
Constraining context: Situating datafication in public administration
Authors: Reutter Lisa
Published: April 2022

The imaginary of data-driven public administration promises a more effective and knowing public sector. At the same time, corporate practices of datafication are often hidden behind closed doors. Critical algorithm studies, therefore, struggle to access and explore these practices, to produce situated accounts of datafication and possible entry points to reconfigure the emerging data-driven society. This article offers a unique empirical account of the inner workings of data-driven public administration, asking the overall question of how sociotechnical imaginaries of datafication are constrained in the context of public administration. Teams working on datafication in two Norwegian public sector entities have been followed and interviewed over the course of 2 years (2018–2020). While sociotechnical imaginaries thrive in organizational culture and policy discourse alike, the observed data teams struggle to realize data assemblages due to a variety of structural and institutional constraints.
Towards digitally mediated social work – the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on encountering clients in social work
Authors: Fiorentino Vera , Romakkaniemi Marjo , Harrikari Timo , Saraniemi Sanna , Tiitinen Laura
Published: April 2022

In the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic spread around the globe. The viral outbreak was followed by rapid changes in people’s everyday and working lives. Because of the wide-scale societal restrictions that took place to prevent the pandemic, social work was forced to take a digital leap. In this article, we examine Finnish social workers’ experiences of extending the use of digitally mediated social work (DMSW) in working with clients during the first wave of the pandemic, the spring of 2020. The data consist of 33 social workers’ personal diaries, which are analysed using a qualitative theory-based content analysis. Henri Lefebvre’s theory of spatial triad will be utilised in theorising how social workers represent DMSW through three dimensions of space, that is, how they perceive, conceive and live digital spaces when encountering their clients and how physical, mental and social spaces are embodied in the representations. The results suggest that the three dimensions of space 1) basis of, 2) conceived and 3) lived DMSW intertwine closely together. The results reveal how the physical space, including IT infrastructure, its functionality and applicability, along with the organisational contexts, form a bedrock for the social workers’ DMSW practice and had a decisive impact on their experiences. Second, the conceived space consists of workers’ cognitive and emotional elements, such as competencies, preconceptions and attitudes towards ICT. Finally, the third dimension of spatiality concludes with the social and relational aspects of the user experiences and encounters between clients and social workers.
Taking back taste in food bank Britain: on privilege, failure and (un)learning with auto-corporeal methods
Authors: Strong Samuel
Published: April 2022

Food banks are a growing feature of austerity Britain. Despite this, little research has focused on the object central to their operations: the food they provision. In charting an attempt to “open” food bank parcels to greater scrutiny, this article highlights the need to take back taste from predominantly nutritionist framings of food. Drawing on recent work in more-than-representational and visceral geography, it is argued that taste must be understood as an embodied, sensorial and social phenomenon. However, this article highlights the ethico-political dilemmas that accompany such an undertaking, and the wider implications raised by studying the tastes of socially and economically marginalised groups. These tensions are explored through recourse to the political, ethical and epistemological stakes of auto-corporeal methods – in this case, employing my own tasting body in consuming a “food bank diet.” In arguing that such an approach is necessarily wedded to forms of failure and privilege, this undertaking reveals the need to scrutinise the more-than-tasted features of power and space that shape the relational landscapes of Food Bank Britain. By working with these failures, this article concludes that the potential of such corporeal methods lies not in producing “data,” but instead in unlearning and scrutinising one’s embodied privileges in the face of poverty.
Fault feature recognition of centrifugal compressor with cracked blade based on SNR estimation and adaptive stochastic resonance
Authors: Song Di , Xu Feiyun , Hu Jianzhong , Ma Tianchi
Published: April 2022

The centrifugal compressor is widely used in modern industry, and the blades are prone to crack due to complex loads and working conditions. Owing to the fault features caused by initial blade cracks are week and easily interfered by strong noise, it is difficult to recognize accurately by traditional methods. In this study, the SNR estimation and adaptive stochastic resonance (SEASR) method is proposed for fault feature recognition of centrifugal compressor with cracked blade. Based on the relationship between SNR and stochastic resonance (SR) parameters, the subtract noise by empirical mode decomposition (SNEMD) method is established with second-order and fourth-order moment (M2M4), hence solving the problem of adaptive SR. The effectiveness of SEASR is tested and analyzed by simulation signals and experimental data. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately recognize fault features of cracked blades and compound faults, where the output SNR is superior to that of the previous methods. It is a new method to realize fault diagnosis for centrifugal compressor with cracked blade and other rotating machinery.
Race and Space in the Postcolony: A Relational Study on Urban Planning Under Racial Capitalism in Brazil and South Africa
Authors: Melgaço Lorena , Xavier Pinto Coelho Luana
Published: April 2022

This article analyzes two planned cities—Belo Horizonte (Brazil) and Bloemfontein (South Africa)—to investigate connectivities across geographies and temporalities and reveal the role of urban planning in racial capitalism. Early works in urban sociology underscore the color line in producing differentiation in capitalist development. But color-blind analyses of capitalism have undermined the role of race in the urbanization process and formation of value—of places and people—and how the modern triad—colonial, racial, and capital—is deeply implicated in power modalities. Based on policy analysis, we historicize political choices discussing urban planning and national developmentalist schemes after redemocratization that produced racial-spatial inequalities. We argue that color-blind urban policies still neglect the role of race in the production of Brazilian and South African cities under the guise of “planning innocence.” This discussion expands our understanding of urbanization and capital accumulation as a dialectical process of Black dispossession and the protection of White property in the postcolony.
Popliteal Artery Occlusion in a Sole Sciatic Arterial System Requiring Complex Repair
Authors: Bahi Morwan , Osman Kareem , Naik Dilip
Published: April 2022

Objective: Persistence of the sciatic artery is a rare phenomenon in vascular surgery. It results from abnormal embryologic development, and where present in the absence of a femoral arterial system, it can have significant clinical implications for patients and can even be limb threatening. We present the case of a 69-year-old man with left-sided, short-distance claudication and rest pain, which caused concern for critical limb ischaemia. Methods: Computed tomography angiography revealed a persistent sciatic artery arising from the common iliac artery and resulting in an occluded popliteal artery. The patient underwent a double-bypass procedure to restore the arterial supply to the symptomatic limb. A left iliopopliteal Dacron graft bypass was performed, followed by a left iliopopliteal Dacron to posterior tibial bypass using the patient’s great saphenous vein. The left sciatic artery was ligated proximally. Results:This allowed for restoration of arterial supply to the patient’s left lower limb, relieving his claudication and rest pain. Conclusion: The key finding was the aneurysmal nature of the sciatic artery, reflecting the likely thromboembolic nature of the distal popliteal disease. Thus, our patient required not only a bypass procedure but also ligation of the native sciatic artery. Timely management is critical due to severity of consequences.
Neutrophil–Lymphocyte ratio is associated with poor clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy in stroke in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Al-Mufti Fawaz , Khandelwal Priyank , Sursal Tolga , Cooper Jared B. , Feldstein Eric , Amuluru Krishna , Moré Jayaji M. , Tiwari Ambooj , Singla Amit , Dmytriw Adam A , Piano Mariangela , Quilici Luca , Pero Guglielmo , Renieri Leonardo , Limbucci Nicola , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , Schüller-Arteaga Miguel , Galván Jorge , Arenillas-Lara Juan Francisco , Hashim Zafar , Nayak Sanjeev , Desousa Keith , Sun Hai , Agarwalla Pankaj K. , Sudipta Roychowdhury J , Nourollahzadeh Emad , Prakash Tannavi , Xavier Andrew R , Diego Lozano J , Gupta Gaurav , Yavagal Dileep R , Elghanem Mohammad , Gandhi Chirag D. , Mayer Stephan A.
Published: April 2022

Background

The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is emerging as an important biomarker of acute physiologic stress in a myriad of medical conditions, and is a confirmed poor prognostic indicator in COVID-19.

Objective

We sought to describe the role of NLR in predicting poor outcome in COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

We analyzed NLR in COVID-19 patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes enrolled into an international 12-center retrospective study of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, consecutively admitted between March 1, 2020 and May 1, 2020. Increased NLR was defined as ≥7.2. Logistic regression models were generated.

Results

Incidence of LVO stroke was 38/6698 (.57%). Mean age of patients was 62 years (range 27–87), and mortality rate was 30%. Age, sex, and ethnicity were not predictive of mortality. Elevated NLR and poor vessel recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score of 1 or 2a) synergistically predicted poor outcome (likelihood ratio 11.65, p  =  .003). Patients with NLR > 7.2 were 6.8 times more likely to die (OR 6.8, CI95% 1.2–38.6, p  =  .03) and almost 8 times more likely to require prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 7.8, CI95% 1.2–52.4, p  =  .03). In a multivariate analysis, NLR > 7.2 predicted poor outcome even when controlling for the effect of low TICI score on poor outcome (NLR p  =  .043, TICI p  =  .070).

Conclusions

We show elevated NLR in LVO patients with COVID-19 portends significantly worse outcomes and increased mortality regardless of recanalization status. Severe neuro-inflammatory stress response related to COVID-19 may negate the potential benefits of successful thrombectomy.
Using WhatsApp Focus Group Discussions for Qualitative Data Collection: Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of COVID-19 in Singapore
Authors: Neo Pearlyn HM , Lim Jane M , Tan Rayner KJ , Ong Suan Ee
Published: April 2022

This qualitative study aimed to explore Singapore residents’ knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors around COVID-19 as shaped by different information sources. Through utilizing WhatsApp as a means of conducting digital focus group discussions (FGDs), participants were involved in five consecutive days of discussions through both synchronous and asynchronous means. We found that the use of WhatsApp as a means of conducting FGDs not only served as a means of generating essential, time-sensitive data in the community, but also advanced the quality and quantity of data generated, democratized, and enhanced the participatory nature of FGDs, and facilitated the communication of potential issues around data privacy between facilitators and participants. Although challenges around privacy and confidentiality remain, this means of collecting data is novel in terms of providing timely and relevant data during a pandemic and would be appropriate to be further utilized in the context of other health-related research beyond a public health emergency.
Mixed reality for the assessment of aortoiliac anatomy in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm prior to open and endovascular repair: Feasibility and interobserver agreement
Authors: Hatzl Johannes , Böckler Dittmar , Hartmann Niklas , Meisenbacher Katrin , Rengier Fabian , Bruckner Thomas , Uhl Christian
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The objective is to evaluate the feasibility and interobserver agreement of a Mixed Reality Viewer (MRV) in the assessment of aortoiliac vascular anatomy of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients.

Methods

Fifty preoperative computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) of AAA patients were included. CTAs were assessed in a mixed reality (MR) environment with respect to aortoiliac anatomy according to a standardized protocol by two experienced observers (Mixed Reality Viewer, MRV, Brainlab AG, Germany). Additionally, all CTAs were independently assessed applying the same protocol by the same observers using a conventional DICOM viewer on a two-dimensional screen with multi-planar reconstructions (Conventional viewer, CV, GE Centricity PACS RA1000 Workstation, GE, United States). The protocol included four sets of items: calcification, dilatation, patency, and tortuosity as well as the number of lumbar and renal arteries. Interobserver agreement (IA, Cohen’s Kappa, κ) was calculated for every item set.

Results

All CTAs could successfully be displayed in the MRV (100%). The MRV demonstrated equal or better IA in the assessment of anterior and posterior calcification ( κMRV: 0.68 and 0.61, κCV: 0.33 and 0.45, respectively) as well as tortuosity ( κMRV: 0.60, κCV: 0.48) and dilatation ( κMRV: 0.68, κCV: 0.67). The CV demonstrated better IA in the assessment of patency ( κMRV: 0.74, κCV: 0.93). The CV also identified significantly more lumbar arteries (CV: 379, MRV: 239, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The MRV is a feasible imaging viewing technology in clinical routine. Future efforts should aim at improving hologram quality and enabling accurate registration of the hologram with the physical patient.
Reproductive decision-making of Black women living with HIV: A systematic review
Authors: Huertas-Zurriaga Ariadna , Palmieri Patrick A , Aguayo-Gonzalez Mariela P , Dominguez-Cancino Karen A , Casanovas-Cuellar Cristina , Linden Kara L Vander , Cesario Sandra K , Edwards Joan E , Leyva-Moral Juan M
Published: April 2022

Background:

Black women living with HIV account for a higher proportion of new HIV diagnoses than other groups. These women experience restricted access to reproductive services and inadequate support from healthcare providers because their position in society is based on their sexual health and social identity in the context of this stigmatizing chronic disease. By recognizing the analytical relevance of intersectionality, the reproductive decision-making of Black women can be explored as a social phenomenon of society with varied positionality.

Objective:

The purpose of this review was to synthesize the evidence about the reproductive decision-making of Black women living with HIV in high-income countries from the beginning of the HIV epidemic to the present.

Methods:

This systematic review was guided by the JBI evidence synthesis recommendations. Searches were completed in seven databases from 1985 to 2021, and the review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420180919).

Results:

Of 3503 records, 22 studies were chosen for synthesis, including 19 observational and three qualitative designs. Nearly, all studies originated from the United States; the earliest was reported in 1995. Few studies provided detailed sociodemographic data or subgroup analysis focused on race or ethnicity. Influencing factors for reproductive decision-making were organized into the following seven categories: ethnicity, race, and pregnancy; religion and spirituality; attitudes and beliefs about antiretroviral therapy; supportive people; motherhood and fulfillment; reproductive planning; and health and wellness.

Conclusion:

No major differences were identified in the reproductive decision-making of Black women living with HIV. Even though Black women were the largest group of women living with HIV, no studies reported a subgroup analysis, and few studies detailed sociodemographic information specific to Black women. In the future, institutional review boards should require a subgroup analysis for Black women when they are included as participants in larger studies of women living with HIV.
‘We go where we know’: Reflections from Mobilizing for PrEP and Sexual Health (MobPrESH) – A peer-led PrEP education programme across England, for and by women and non-binary people
Authors: Grenfell Pippa , Rafael Sabrina , Calliste Josina , Nutland Will
Published: April 2022

Background:

Pre-exposure prophylaxis is a highly effective method of HIV prevention but few women know about it, have access to it, or see it as relevant to them. In 2019, grassroots organization PrEPster piloted a peer-led intervention, MobPrESH (Mobilizing for Pre-Exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and Sexual Health), across three sites in England, to mobilize for PrEP and sexual health with communities of women and non-binary people most affected by HIV, including Black women and non-binary people, people of colour, migrants, and transgender (trans) women.

Objectives:

We aimed to explore the accessibility, feasibility, acceptability, and ‘fidelity’ of MobPrESH, from the perspectives of peer mobilizers and project staff.

Methods:

We conducted focus group discussions and qualitative interviews with nine peer mobilizers (most identified as Black cisgender (cis) women) and six project staff (including Black and white cis women and non-binary people). We analysed data thematically, iteratively, and inductively, informed by concepts of reproductive and social justice.

Results:

We present findings in five thematic areas: connecting and relating to situate sexual health discussions, navigating silence and stigma, connecting within and across communities, competing pressures and structural hostilities, and resources and continuity. Community knowledge-building about PrEP is a slow, iterative process that needs investment and creation of trusted spaces that centre communities’ needs and concerns. Peer mobilizers and the communities they engaged with had competing demands in their lives, and knowledge-raising about PrEP was impacted by intersecting stigmas, discrimination, and oppressions around HIV status, racism, misogyny, transphobia, homophobia, and anti-sex worker rhetoric.

Conclusions:

Peer-led PrEP interventions require funding and foregrounding, particularly for women and non-binary people who are Black, trans, migrants, and people of colour, situated relative to their wider health needs, life pressures, and priorities. This requires concurrent challenge of the racist and patriarchal structures that continue to obscure the sexual and reproductive health needs of racially minoritized and marginalized women and non-binary people.
Elevation of cardiac biomarkers in stroke is associated with pathological findings on cardiac MRI—results of the HEart and BRain interfaces in Acute Stroke study
Authors: von Rennenberg Regina , Herm Juliane , Krause Thomas , Hellwig Simon , Stengl Helena , Scheitz Jan F , Elgeti Thomas , Nagel Sebastian N , Endres Matthias , Haeusler Karl Georg , Nolte Christian H
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Cardiac biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), are frequently elevated in ischemic stroke patients but the mechanisms underlying this elevation are insufficiently understood. We determined the presence of cardiac damage, assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), in stroke patients with elevated hs-cTnT and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP).

Methods:

This is a post hoc analysis of the prospective, investigator-initiated, cross-sectional HEart and BRain interfaces in Acute Stroke (HEBRAS) study. All patients underwent the measurement of hs-cTnT and BNP as well as gadolinium-enhanced CMR in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. We performed unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to assess the association between hs-cTnT and BNP elevation and the presence of pathological CMR findings.

Results:

Two hundred and thirty-three stroke patients (median age 67 years, 33% female) were included, of whom 43 (21%) had elevated hs-cTnT and 109 (47%) had elevated BNP. Hundred of the 233 (43%) patients had pathological findings on CMR had focal fibrosis as detected by late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in 51 (23%), left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 38 (16%), reduced LVEF in 32 (14%), and left-atrial dilatation in 34 (15%). After adjustment for potential confounders, both hs-cTnT (adjOR 5.0 (95%CI 2.1–11.7), p < 0.001) and BNP (adjOR 4.1 (95%CI 2.3–7.3), p < 0.001) were significantly associated with pathological findings on CMR. Hs-cTnT was associated with LGE, LVEF, and LVH, whereas BNP was associated with left-atrial dilatation and LVEF, LVH.

Conclusion:

Elevated cardiac biomarkers in acute stroke including CMR are strongly associated with pathological findings on CMR. In acute stroke patients, the elevation of cardiac biomarkers may identify patients who require a more thorough cardiology work-up.
School Integration Limits the Ability of Local Norms to Diversify Gifted Programs: A Mathematical Analysis with Implications Related to the Achievement Gap
Authors: Warne Russell T. , Larsen Ross A. A.
Published: April 2022

Experts within gifted education have advocated for the use of local norms when selecting students for gifted programs, instead of national-level norms. Local norms compare students to their immediate peers to identify gifted students and are believed to produce a more diverse gifted program. However, district integration limits the ability of local norms to diversify gifted programs, a fact that has been almost completely overlooked in gifted education scholarship. Through a simplified example, we show that local building-level norms are best at diversifying gifted programs when schools are highly segregated. Conversely, when achievement gaps are present and a uniform admissions cutoff is applied, building-level norms in highly integrated schools produce highly segregated gifted programs. In short, the use of building-level local norms trades one form of segregation for another. Implications and recommendations for gifted education and beyond are explored. A preprint version of this article is available at https://psyarxiv.com/nemch/.
Surgical and Pharmacological Management of Periprosthetic Atypical Femoral Fractures: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Troiano Elisa , Giacché Tiziano , Facchini Andrea , Orlandi Nicholas Crippa , Cacioppo Matteo , Saviori Marco , Bottai Vanna , Muratori Francesco , Mondanelli Nicola , Giannotti Stefano
Published: April 2022

Introduction

An increasing number of patients is annually undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), and a significant proportion of these patients are elderly and consequently at a higher risk of complications because of age, osteoporosis, and medical comorbidities. Periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) are one of the worst complications of THA associated with high rates of unfavorable prognosis. Besides, in the last decade, a new independent disease entity called “atypical femoral fracture” (AFF) has been identified and defined by the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) task force. Some PFFs present clinical history and radiographic aspect consistent with an AFF, meeting the ASBMR criteria for the diagnosis of AFF except that PFFs by themselves are an exclusion criterion for AFF. However, there is an increasing number of published studies suggesting that periprosthetic atypical femoral fractures (PAFFs) exist and should not be excluded by definition.

Significance

Nowadays, although there is an increasing interest in PAFFs, there are still very few studies published on the topic and a lack of consensus regarding their treatment. This narrative literature review aims to introduce this new emerging topic to a wider readership describing the characteristics of PAFFs and the state-of-the-art in their management.

Conclusions

Many authors agree that PAFFs should be considered as a subgroup of PFFs that have atypical characteristics; they also show a significant correlation with prolonged bisphosphonate use. A correct diagnosis is paramount for proper treatment of the disease that requires both surgical and medical actions to be taken.
Is Youth Ready for the Looming Technology Frontier in Healthcare? Examining Intentions and Adoption of Mobile Health (mHealth)
Authors: Kaur Amarjit , Ahuja Prerna , Jain Jinesh , Singh Simarjeet , Garg Aashish
Published: April 2022

Owing to radical advances in the area of technology, the health sector has gained access to technologies to meet patient requirements; for example, mobile health (mHealth) care. Despite the possible benefits of mHealth, the effectiveness of these interventions ultimately depends on whether citizens use those initiatives. The current study have thus sought to explore mHealth applications’ adoption behavior. A cross-sectional investigation process has been employed on 440 potential consumers from North India to enumerate the consumers’ intention and their adoption. In addition to the core constituents highlighted in previous studies, this research focuses more on the relationship of several other factors affecting behavioral intentions and their eventual impact on the acceptance of mHealth apps. The key considerations in the current study are the inclusion of trust in the existing UTAUT model and the mediating role of behavioral intentions in determining mHealth services adoption.
Between-Limb Symmetry in ACL and Tibiofemoral Contact Forces in Athletes After ACL Reconstruction and Clearance for Return to Sport
Authors: Kotsifaki Argyro , Van Rossom Sam , Whiteley Rod , Korakakis Vasileios , Bahr Roald , D’Hooghe Pieter , Papakostas Emmanuel , Sideris Vasileios , Farooq Abdulaziz , Jonkers Ilse
Published: April 2022

Background:

Current return-to-sport (RTS) criteria after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) include demonstrating symmetry in functional and strength tests. It remains unknown if at the time that athletes are cleared to RTS, they exhibit between-limb symmetry in ACL and tibiofemoral contact forces or if these forces are comparable with those in uninjured athletes.

Purposes:

To (1) examine ACL and tibiofemoral contact forces in athletes who underwent ACLR and were cleared to RTS and (2) compare the involved leg to the healthy contralateral leg and healthy controls during functional tasks.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 26 male athletes who underwent ACLR were tested at the time of RTS during tasks that included single-leg vertical, horizontal, and side jumps; cutting maneuvers; and high-intensity running. We used an electromyography-constrained musculoskeletal modeling workflow to estimate ACL and tibiofemoral contact forces and compared the results with those of 23 healthy male participants.

Results:

The ACLR group presented no differences in peak tibiofemoral contact forces in the involved limb compared with the control group. However, there were significant between-limb differences mainly due to higher contact forces in the uninvolved (healthy) limb of the ACLR group compared with the control group. In the ACLR group, ACL forces were significantly higher in the uninvolved limb compared with the involved limb during cutting and running. Lateral contact forces were lower in the involved compared with the uninvolved limb, with large effect sizes during cutting ( d = 1.14; P < .001) and running ( d = 1.10; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Current discharge criteria for clearance to RTS after ACLR did not ensure the restoration of symmetric loading in our cohort of male athletes. ACL force asymmetry was observed during cutting and running, in addition to knee loading asymmetries on several tasks tested.
Negative Impacts From the Shift to Online Learning During the COVID-19 Crisis: Evidence From a Statewide Community College System
Authors: Bird Kelli A. , Castleman Benjamin L. , Lohner Gabrielle
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic led to an abrupt shift from in-person to virtual instruction in the spring of 2020. We use two complementary difference-in-differences frameworks: one that leverages within-instructor-by-course variation on whether students started their spring 2020 courses in person or online and another that incorporates student fixed effects. We estimate the impact of this shift on the academic performance of Virginia’s community college students. With both approaches, we find modest negative impacts (3%–6%) on course completion. Our results suggest that faculty experience teaching a given course online does not mitigate the negative effects. In an exploratory analysis, we find minimal long-term impacts of the switch to online instruction.
Family Involvement in Caring for Inpatients in Acute Care Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Gwaza Elizabeth , Msiska Gladys
Published: April 2022

Family members, also known as patients’ guardians (PG) are involved in caring for inpatients in acute care hospital settings. The practice is adopted from Family Centred Care (FCC) approach. This literature review aimed to provide an overview of key findings in literature on the practice of involving PGs in acute care hospital settings We used a systematic literature search to select original research articles or systematic reviews published in English between 2008 and 2019 that discussed PGs in acute care hospital settings. Studies that discussed PGs in long-term care hospital or in-home settings were excluded from this literature review. Literature was sought from CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. CASP and JBI checklist was used to appraise the full-text articles for inclusion in the literature review.

Twenty-six articles were included. Findings show that there is limited literature on this topic although healthcare institutions involve PGs in their routine inpatient care. Three themes emerged from the review; the FCC approach, roles of PGs in acute care hospitals, and implications of involving PGs in acute care hospitals.

PGs offer any care that is left undone by nurses in acute care hospitals to ensure that their patients’ needs are met. However, their involvement is not consistent with FCC principles. This leads to physical, psychosocial, and economic implications for PGs. We recommend that nurse practitioners should consistently implement FCC principles to enable PGs to offer meaningful care to their inpatients.
Exploring the Meaning in Life and the Influencing Factors among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Macau
Authors: Liu Yuanyi , Mao Aimei
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The meaning in life (ML) is a significant predictor of the physical and mental health of patients with chronic diseases, and its construct is culturally specific.As a group between normal people and the patients with advanced cancer, patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) who are undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are often outside of research focus on ML.

Objectives

This study was to investigate the status of ML of patients on HD in Macau of China and to analyze the influence of social-demographic characteristics and disease-related factors on their ML. The study findings would inform the development of evidence-based interventions in nursing care for this patient population.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional survey design. Eligible participants were recruited by convenient sampling from the largest HD center in Macau in January 2020. The participants’ social-demographic and disease-related characteristics were collected, and their ML status was assessed by the Meaning in Life Scale for Hemodialysis Patients (MLSHP). SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data.

Results

Questionnaires were distributed to 249 potential participants who were patients on HD, and 238 patients replied to the questionnaires effectively. The effective response rate was 95.58% (238/249). The average score of ML for the patients was 93.75 ± 10.00, which was 72% of the total score of 130 on the ML scale. Gender, religious belief, duration of dialysis treatment, and symptom-related distress had impacts on ML levels ( p < .05), with religious belief being a particularly strong predictor ( p <  .001).

Conclusion

The level of ML for patients on HD in Macau is relatively high. Different demographic or disease-related factors impact participants’ ML, supporting or contradicting previous studies. While the study findings are meaningful under the local cultural contexts, they have implications for nurses in other places to develop evidence-based interventions for patients on HD.
What you sample is what you get: ecomorphological variation in Trithemis (Odonata, Libellulidae) dragonfly wings reconsidered
Authors: MacLeod Norman , Price Benjamin , Stevens Zackary
Published: April 2022

Background

The phylogenetic ecology of the Afro-Asian dragonfly genusTrithemishas been investigated previously by Damm et al. (in Mol Phylogenet Evol 54:870–882, 2010) and wing ecomorphology by Outomuro et al. (in J Evol Biol 26:1866–1874, 2013). However, the latter investigation employed a somewhat coarse sampling of forewing and hindwing outlines and reported results that were at odds in some ways with expectations given the mapping of landscape and water-body preference over theTrithemiscladogram produced by Damm et al. (in Mol Phylogenet Evol 54:870–882, 2010). To further explore the link between species-specific wing shape variation and habitat we studied a new sample of 27Trithemisspecies employing a more robust statistical test for phylogenetic covariation, more comprehensive representations ofTrithemiswing morphology and a wider range of morphometric data-analysis procedures.

Results

Contrary to the Outomuro et al. (in J Evol Biol 26:1866–1874, 2013) report, our results indicate that no statistically significant pattern of phylogenetic covariation exists in ourTrithemisforewing and hindwing data and that both male and female wing datasets exhibit substantial shape differences between species that inhabit open and forested landscapes and species that hunt over temporary/standing or running water bodies. Among the morphometric analyses performed, landmark data and geometric morphometric data-analysis methods yielded the worst performance in identifying ecomorphometric shape distinctions betweenTrithemishabitat guilds. Direct analysis of wing images using an embedded convolution (deep learning) neural network delivered the best performance. Bootstrap and jackknife tests of group separations and discriminant-function stability confirm that our results are not artifacts of overtrained discriminant systems or the “curse of dimensionality” despite the modest size of our sample.

Conclusion

Our results suggest thatTrithemiswing morphology reflects the environment’s “push” to a much greater extent than phylogeny’s “pull”. In addition, they indicate that close attention should be paid to the manner in which morphologies are sampled for morphometric analysis and, if no prior information is available to guide sampling strategy, the sample that most comprehensively represents the morphologies of interest should be obtained. In many cases this will be digital images (2D) or scans (3D) of the entire morphology or morphological feature rather than sparse sets of landmark/semilandmark point locations.