bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-thermal emission from cosmic rays accelerated in H II regions
Authors: Padovani Marco , Marcowith Alexandre , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Meng Fanyi , Schilke Peter
Published: July 2019

Context.Radio observations at metre-centimetre wavelengths shed light on the nature of the emission of H IIregions. Usually this category of objects is dominated by thermal radiation produced by ionised hydrogen, namely protons and electrons. However, a number of observational studies have revealed the existence of H IIregions with a mixture of thermal and non-thermal radiation. The latter represents a clue as to the presence of relativistic electrons. However, neither the interstellar cosmic-ray electron flux nor the flux of secondary electrons, produced by primary cosmic rays through ionisation processes, is high enough to explain the observed flux densities.

Aims.We investigate the possibility of accelerating local thermal electrons up to relativistic energies in H IIregion shocks.

Methods.We assumed that relativistic electrons can be accelerated through the first-order Fermi acceleration mechanism and we estimated the emerging electron fluxes, the corresponding flux densities, and the spectral indexes.

Results.We find flux densities of the same order of magnitude of those observed. In particular, we applied our model to the “deep south” (DS) region of Sagittarius B2 and we succeeded in reproducing the observed flux densities with an accuracy of less than 20% as well as the spectral indexes. The model also gives constraints on magnetic field strength (0.3–4 mG), density (1–9 × 104cm−3), and flow velocity in the shock reference frame (33–50 km s−1) expected in DS.

Conclusions.We suggest a mechanism able to accelerate thermal electrons inside H IIregions through the first-order Fermi acceleration. The existence of a local source of relativistic electrons can explain the origin of both the observed non-thermal emission and the corresponding spectral indexes.
Tension with the flat ΛCDM model from a high-redshift Hubble diagram of supernovae, quasars, and gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Lusso E. , Piedipalumbo E. , Risaliti G. , Paolillo M. , Bisogni S. , Nardini E. , Amati L.
Published: July 2019

In the current framework, the standard parametrization of our Universe is the so-called Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. Recently, a ∼4σ tension with the ΛCDM model was shown to exist via a model-independent parametrization of a Hubble diagram of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the JLA survey and quasars. Model-independent approaches and independent samples over a wide redshift range are key to testing this tension and any possible systematic errors. Here we present an analysis of a combined Hubble diagram of SNe Ia, quasars, and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to check the agreement of the quasar and GRB cosmological parameters at high redshifts (z >  2) and to test the concordance flat ΛCDM model with improved statistical accuracy. We build a Hubble diagram with SNe Ia, quasars, and GRBs, where quasars are standardised through the observed non-linear relation between their ultraviolet and X-ray emission and GRBs through the correlation between the spectral peak energy and the isotropic-equivalent radiated energy (the so-called Amati relation). We fit the data with cosmographic models consisting of a fourth-order logarithmic polynomial and a fifth-order linear polynomial, and compare the results with the expectations from a flat ΛCDM model. We confirm the tension between the best-fit cosmographic parameters and the ΛCDM model at ∼4σ with SNe Ia and quasars, at ∼2σ with SNe Ia and GRBs, and at > 4σ with the whole SNe Ia+quasars+GRB data set. The completely independent high-redshift Hubble diagrams of quasars and GRBs are fully consistent with each other, strongly suggesting that the deviation from the standard model is not due to unknown systematic effects but to new physics.
De la cure à la culture : le travail de culture
Authors: Chiantaretto Jean-François
Published: July 2019

Le surmoi matérialise l’intrication du psychisme individuel et de la culture, dans la perspective freudienne de l’articulation de l’auto-destructivité individuelle et de l’auto-destructivité collective. Dans cette articulation, la psychopathologie des limites, tant sur le versant mélancolique que sur le versant incestuel, oblige à mettre l’accent sur les convergences du travail de la cure et du travail de la culture.
Die Wichtigkeit des „Machine Learning“ und der Texturanalyse in der Onkologie anhand der Fusionsbildgebung
Authors: Eberhardt Nina , Kneer Katharina , Prasad Vikas
Published: July 2019

Das Gebiet der Onkologie hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich weiterentwickelt. Klassische Chemotherapien werden aktuell zunehmend durch neue, zielgerichtete „State-of-the-Art“-Therapien ersetzt. Diese zielgerichteten Therapien basieren auf einer Zusammenführung von Informationen aus der molekularen Pathologie, spezifischen Tumormarkern und fortgeschrittener Bildgebungstechnik. PET/CT und PET/MRT bieten aufseiten der Bildgebung hierbei die einzigartige Möglichkeit funktionelle und anatomische Informationen in einer Untersuchung zu vereinen. Bis vor Kurzem wurden PET- und CT/MRT-Bilder meistens binär (Tumor ja/nein) analysiert ohne wesentliche Informationen über die räumliche Verteilung von relevanten Bildparametern innerhalb einer Tumorläsion zu erheben. Mit der Entwicklung und dem Voranschreiten von Texturanalyse-Softwares der nächsten Generation ist es jetzt möglich eine Tumorläsion auch bez. ihrer Heterogenität und Expression spezifischer Zielstrukturen auf den Tumorzellen zu charakterisieren. Jedoch gibt es bei diesem Vorgehen mehrere Herausforderungen, wobei die wichtigste ist, die durch die Texturanalysen generierten großen Datenmengen zu interpretieren. Der Erfolg des „Machine Learning“/des maschinellen Lernens in anderen Gebieten der Wissenschaft, welche mit ähnlich großen Datenmengen umgehen müssen, hat ein neues Kapitel in der zielgerichteten Onkologie mit radioaktiv-markierten Proben eröffnet. In unserem Review-Artikel haben wir das primäre Ziel, aktuelle Literatur und zukünftige Trends der Integration von „Machine Learning“ in der Onkologie durch die Nutzung der Fusionsbildgebung mittels PET/CT oder PET/MRT zusammengefasst.
Hyperferritinemia in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Iron Accumulation or Inflammation?
Authors: Moris Wenke , Verhaegh Pauline , Jonkers Daisy , Deursen Cees van , Koek Ger
Published: July 2019

Hyperferritinemia, observed in inflammation, iron overload as well as in combination of both, is found in ∼30% of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. The authors summarized the evidence regarding the potential cause of hyperferritinemia in NAFLD, as this may affect the indicated therapy. A systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane library. In the majority of NAFLD patients, hyperferritinemia is due to inflammation without hepatic iron overload. In a smaller group, a dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) is found, showing hyperferritinemia in combination with mild iron accumulation in the reticuloendothelial cells. The smallest group consists of NAFLD patients with hemochromatosis. Phlebotomy is only effective with hepatocellular iron overload and should not be the treatment when hyperferritinemia is related to inflammation, whether or not combined with DIOS. Treatment with lifestyle changes is to date probably the more effective way until new medication is becoming available.
Aortic Valve–Sparing Root Replacement (David I Procedure) in Adolescents: Long-Term Outcome
Authors: Beckmann Erik , Martens Andreas , Krueger Heike , Korte Wilhelm , Kaufeld Tim , Haverich Axel , Shrestha Malakh Lal
Published: July 2019

Introduction Aortic valve-sparing root replacement (David's procedure) is an especially appealing treatment option for young patients. Here, we present the short-, mid, and long-term outcomes of this operation in adolescent patients.

Methods Between September 1994 and March 2014, 29 patients aged 6 to 21 years underwent the David-I procedure at our center. We conducted a retrospective study with follow-up.

Results The mean age was 16.8 ± 3.4 years and 90% (n = 26) were male. Marfan's syndrome was present in 86% (n = 25) of cases. Ninety-seven percent (n = 28) of cases were performed electively, and one case (3%) was performed emergently for acute aortic dissection type A. There were no early perioperative deaths (0%). Follow-up, which was completed on 100% of patients, comprised a total of 394 patient years and a mean follow-up time of 13.6 ± 5.4 years. The estimates for survival at 1, 5, and 10 years after initial surgery were 100, 97, and 93%, respectively. During follow-up, there were four (14%) late deaths and five (17%) aortic valve-related reoperations. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year estimates for freedom from valve-related reoperation were 100, 86, and 83%, respectively. The perioperative mortality for these five reoperations was 0%.

Discussion Aortic valve–sparing root replacement can be performed in adolescents with a very low perioperative risk. Long-term survival seems to be affected by connective tissue diseases.
Inverted-parabolic and weak strain dependencies on the critical current in practical <110> and <100> oriented REBCO tapes
Authors: Osamura Kozo , Machiya Shutaro , Kajiwara Kentarou , Kawasaki Takuro , Harjo Stefanus , Zhang Yifei , Fujita Shinji , Iijima Yasuhiro , Hampshire Damian P.
Published: July 2019

In the commercial coated conductor tapes, the twinned structure of REBCO (REBa2Cu3O7-d, RE = Y and Gd) is characterized as either <100> or <110> orientation based on the tape length direction. In this study, we investigate the effects of the two different twinned structures on the critical current Ic of the REBCO tapes by combining; transport critical current and synchrotron radiation diffraction measurements. For the tapes with <100> oriented twins, we observed the inverted parabolic strain behavior on the uniaxial strain dependence of Ic. In contrast, the ones with <110> oriented twins showed a weak strain behavior without any maximum appeared in the strain dependence. Such a different uniaxial strain dependence was analyzed by using the one-dimensional twin model with different fractional lengths of A-domains and B-domains of REBCO twins. This model explains the essential features of the different uniaxial strain dependence we observed.
Selective-area ALD for positively and negatively charged layers into the ion-beam track-etched conical pores in polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Li Hua , Kong Delin , Wang Zhengduo , Yang Lizhen , Xue Jianming , Chen Qiang
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the strategy of selective-area growing of a positively-charged layer of Al2O3 and the negatively-charged layer of HfO2 on ion beam track-etched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanotubes through the thermal atomic layer deposition (T-ALD) technique. We used the self-assembled monolayer of octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS-SAMs) on the surface to serve as a passivation layer and then selectively deposited the Al2O3 and HfO2 in the nanotubes. The influence of the dipping time of the substrates in the OTS solution and the experimental conditions on the roughness and the thickness of the OTS monolayer have been investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the composition of the ALD Al2O3 and HfO2 films. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to study the morphologies before and after the ALD of Al2O3 and HfO2. The I-V characteristics of the film confirmed the surface charge polarities in the nanotubes, i.e. the positively-charged Al2O3 and negatively-charged HfO2, in the electrically-neutral solution. The results will aid surface modification and functionalization of PET by nanotubes.
Energy transfer in intermolecular collisions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with bath gases He and Ar
Authors: Wang Hongmiao , Wen Kaicheng , You Xiaoqing , Mao Qian , Luo Kai Hong , Pilling Michael J. , Robertson Struan H.
Published: July 2019

Classical trajectory simulations of intermolecular collisions were performed for a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons interacting with the bath gases helium and argon for bath gas temperature from 300 to 2500 K. The phase-space average energy transferred per deactivating collision, ⟨∆Edown⟩, was obtained. The Buckingham pairwise intermolecular potentials were validated against high-level quantum chemistry calculations and used in the simulations. The reactive force-field was used to describe intramolecular potentials. The dependence of ⟨∆Edown⟩ on initial vibrational energy is discussed. A canonical sampling method was compared with a microcanonical sampling method for selecting initial vibrational energy at high bath gas temperatures. Uncertainties introduced by the initial angular momentum distribution were identified. The dependence of the collisional energy transfer parameters on the type of bath gas and the molecular structure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was examined.
Layered structure of Lennard-Jones particle systems confined in a step-shaped gap
Authors: Inui Norio
Published: July 2019

We investigate changes in the layered structure of particles confined between flat and step-shaped substrates. Using the Monte Carlo method, the density profiles of argon atoms interacting through a Lennard-Jones potential near a silicon step are calculated for different separation distances. Two different layered structures parallel to the surface of the substrate are observed far from the edge; the transition between the structure takes place within an interval of approximately 1 nm from the edge of the step. The particle distribution in the transition region reflects the formation of additional layers parallel to the contour of the Lennard-Jones potential generated near the edge. Although spatial changes in the layered structure of the nearest layer to the flat substrate across the step edge are small, they induce a non-uniform force on the substrate. If the substrate is flexible, the generated force acts to bend the substrate near the edge. The dependence of the layered structure on the temperature and the density is also evaluated.
Recombination and bandgap engineering in CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells
Authors: Zheng X. , Kuciauskas D. , Moseley J. , Colegrove E. , Albin D. S. , Moutinho H. , Duenow J. N. , Ablekim T. , Harvey S. P. , Ferguson A. , Metzger W. K.
Published: July 2019

Selenium compositional grading in CdTe-based thin-film solar cells substantively improves carrier lifetime and performance. However, where and how recombination lifetime improves has not been studied significantly. Here, we deposit a CdSexTe1−x/CdTe bilayer on MgZnO/SnO2/glass, which achieves a short-circuit current density greater than 28 mA/cm2 and carrier lifetimes as long as 10–20 ns. We analyze the grain structure, composition, and recombination through the thickness of the absorber using electron backscatter diffraction, Auger-electron spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence spectrum imaging, and time-resolved photoluminescence microscopy. Despite small CdSeTe grains near the pn-junction and significantly larger CdTe grains in the rest of the film, both time-resolved photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence reveal that the carrier lifetime in CdSeTe alloy regions is longer than in CdTe regions. The results indicate that Se both passivates grain boundaries and improves grain-interior carrier lifetime. However, these effects occur only where there is significant alloying, which is important for bandgap engineering.
Study on the characteristics of a V-shaped metamaterial absorber and its application
Authors: Zhao Guozhi , Bi Shihua , Cui Yancheng
Published: July 2019

This paper proposed a V-shaped metamaterial absorber to enrich the structure of the absorber and improve its absorbing efficiency. The structure is to print an inclined V-shaped copper-plated layer on the FR4 substrate and arrange them periodically. The absorber has two large absorption peaks, and the bandwidth with an absorption rate of more than 90% is 1.3 GHz. The origin of absorption mainly comes from reflection cancellation, followed by dielectric loss. The basic type of V-shaped absorber has excellent promotion space and application prospects. It can further optimize and expand the performance of absorber through three main forms: unit nesting, multi-unit array and multi-layer stacking. Based on the structure of unit nesting combination, the processing of experimental samples and the measurement of electromagnetic parameters were completed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Isotope and Temperature Effects on the Electronic Spectra of Large Carbonaceous Molecular Ions of Interstellar Relevance
Authors: Campbell Ewen K. , Rice Corey A. , Hardy Francois X. , Maier John P.
Published: July 2019

The electronic spectra of isotopologues of protonated coronene in the gas phase were measured at a vibrational and rotational temperature of ~10K in a 22-pole ion trap. The (1) 1A′←X 1A′ transition of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations with one to three carbon-13 have origin band maxima that blue-shift successively by 0.03nm. All isotopologues show distinct vibrational structure in the (1) 1A′ state. These results are compared with the effect of 13C substitution on the near infrared electronic absorptions of C60+. The (1) 1A←X 1A electronic transition of monodeuterated coronene was also recorded and its origin band is red-shifted to that of protonated coronene by 0.8nm. The implications for astronomical observations are considered.
Leibniz beyond Leibniz
Authors: Scarafile Giovanni
Published: July 2019

This essay explains the conceptual tools used in the international LeLo project, coordinated by Marcelo Dascal, which have led, often with innovative results, to the reconstruction of the virtual debate between Leibniz and Locke. The project focuses on the connection between controversies and a specific idea of communication, articulated on several levels, in which the traditional mathematical theory of communication is finally surpassed. In this way, dialogue and care for the audience become the evidence of a more marked attention to the contexts in which a renewed ethics of communication is announced. It allows us to face adequately the new challenges posed by a reality so changing as to resemble a chameleon.
Controversies on hypercomplexity and on education in the hypertechnological era
Authors: Dominici Piero
Published: July 2019

The objectives of this paper are threefold: firstly, to reconstruct the controversies and the scientific debate on the subject of complexity and on the factors determining its passage to hypercomplexity; secondly, to underline that an interdisciplinary and systemic approach which envisions objects as systems rather than considering systems as objects (as sets of divisible parts) is of the utmost urgency, calling for a radical makeover of our concepts of educative, formative and skill-related processes, overstepping the “false dichotomies” common to education and training, which reinforce the new asymmetries and inequalities emerging today; and finally, to recognize and understand the “great mistake” we are currently making in our attitude to technology in general and digital technology in particular.
Differential grammaticalization of copulas in Tsúùt’ínà and Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì
Authors: Welch Nicholas
Published: July 2019

The languages of the Dene (aka Athapaskan) family in North America almost universally employ two copular verbs. In several languages of this family, copular forms are also employed as verbal auxiliaries: forms of one copula mark clausal focus while forms of the other mark TAM (tense/aspect/mode) categories. With reference to two Dene languages in particular, Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì and Tsúùt’ínà, I explain this difference by positing distinct grammaticalization paths and motivations for each copula: both focus and TAM markers originate in a uniclausal reanalysis of biclausal constructions, the former from constructions where the matrix clause asserts the truth of the embedded clause, and the latter from those where the matrix clause supplies extra TAM information to the embedded clause. Both grammaticalizations involve an upward reanalysis of copulas as functional heads.
Alignment change in Chukotkan
Authors: Kantarovich Jessica
Published: July 2019

This paper examines current approaches to studying alignment change and the role of language contact in the spread of ergativity, using the Chukotkan languages as a case study. Chukotkan is exceptional in that there does not appear to be a single reanalysis pathway that can account for the development of ergative case. Rather, the system appears to be the product of several changes that operated in different domains. This paper provides an alternative to an earlier account that claims that Chukotkan ergativity developed due to Yupik substrate effects, which is not supported by the historical accounts of the contact between these groups. This explanation is consistent with a problematic tendency of treating ergativity as a special phenomenon, even though ergative alignment regularly arises via internal change. Instead, I propose that the loss of split ergative case marking occurred due to the reanalysis of a passive participle, which was motivated by the tendency to encode animacy distinctions in these languages.
Once more with feeling
Authors: Martin James R.
Published: July 2019

If we follow one line of development in systemic functional linguistics (SFL), fromHalliday & Hasan (1976)throughMartin (1992)toMartin & White (2005), we arrive at a model of discourse semantics with six major systems:ideationandconnexion(ideational meaning),identificationandperiodicity(textual meaning) andnegotiationandappraisal(interpersonal meaning). The complementarity of the latter two systems,negotiationandappraisalis the focus on this paper. Work onnegotiationwas inspired by Berry’s (e.g.1981a,1981b) development ofSinclair & Coulthard (1975)analysis of exchange structure. Later work onappraisalwas inspired byPlum’s (1988)critique of Labov’s work on narrative (e.g.Labov & Waletzky 1967,Labov 1984). The interaction of thenegotiationandappraisalsystems is first explored in Martin (2000a) in relation to work on casual conversation byEggins & Slade (1997). This interaction is further developed here.
Reflection literacy
Authors: French Ruth
Published: July 2019

Reflection literacy (Hasan 2011 [1996]) proposes that literacy education should orient learners towards critique and the creation of new knowledge. It is a vision for literacy education which deserves deeper consideration within the SFL community and beyond. A key component of reflection literacy is argued to be metalinguistic knowledge, which facilitates conscious reflection on meaning. This paper considers one way that reflection literacy might be enacted in elementary classrooms that are ‘tilted towards reflection’, arguing that dispositions of reflection can be developed from the early school years. Evidence is drawn from a series of case studies conducted in Sydney, Australia. Consideration is also given to how Hasan’s proposal might be used to develop future studies in the field.
Multimodality and the register of disciplinary History
Authors: Ravelli Louise J.
Published: July 2019

While many aspects of disciplinary communication have been effectively illuminated by systemic functional
linguistics, the ‘multimodal’ turn of communication requires some rethinking of old frameworks. In academic disciplines such as
History, recent epistemological changes further highlight this need. From animations used by primary school students to doctoral
theses, this paper draws on the systemic functional notion of register to explore how multimodal choices contribute to field,
tenor and mode, just as linguistic choices do. Such multimodal examples may occur in forms which can be described as implicitly
multimodal, explicitly multimodal or fully intersemiotic. All contribute to emerging forms of epistemology in the discipline and
to new textual forms, with particular implications for educational practice.
Les prépositions complexes en français
Authors: Stosic Dejan , Fagard Benjamin
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we develop a new method of identification of complex prepositions, in French. We include well-known semantic and morpho-syntactic tests, and introduce a few others – together, these tests make up a multi-variable grid which we believe can help identify complex prepositions. We run these tests on a list of 75 sequences, most of which are considered to be complex adpositions. We also include sequences which share the same patterns of word formation but do not have prepositional uses, in order to check the validity of our grid. Our results show that the semantic and morpho-syntactic clues used to identify complex adpositions, combined with corpus data exploration, are on the whole quite effective, but to varying degrees depending on the pattern of formation.
Les prépositions complexes en occitan languedocien
Authors: Sibille Jean
Published: July 2019

After listing, in the first part of this study, all complex prepositions instantiated in the Lengadocian subcorpus
of the textbase BaTelÒc, we focus on structures of the type [Prep + Det + Noun + Prep] and apply a range of tests to these, in
order to assess the degree to which they are fossilised. We further investigate cases in which word strings with the same base
form differ in structure, and cases in which synonymous or near-synonymous word strings have different base forms. We conclude
that the categorisation of prepositional expressions is only problematic for structures whose form is compositional but whose
meaning can be either compositional or non-compositional.
Les prépositions complexes du roumain – approche sur corpus
Authors: Fagard Benjamin , Mardale Alexandru
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we investigate complex adpositions in Romanian, on the basis of a corpus study. Our goal is to provide an extensive list of complex adpositions and analyze the productivity of various patterns. In order to do so, we selected a number of candidate sequences, applied semantic and morpho-syntactic tests, and evaluated their frequency. Our results confirm the importance of two patterns: [Preposition + Noun + Determiner] followed by a genitive, and [Preposition + Noun + Preposition]. Though there are a few other patterns (such as [(Preposition +) Adverb (+ Preposition)]), these two are the most productive, making up a core of relatively frequent sequences with low variability, which pattern with simple prepositions.
Fecal metabolite of a gnotobiotic mouse transplanted with gut microbiota from a patient with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fujii Yusuke , Nguyen Thuy Tien Thi , Fujimura Yuta , Kameya Naotaka , Nakamura Shoji , Arakawa Kensuke , Morita Hidetoshi
Published: July 2019

Studies of Alzheimer’s disease are based on model mice that have been altered by transgenesis and other techniques to elicit pathogenesis. However, changes in the gut microbiota were recently suggested to diminish cognitive function in patients, as well as in model mice. Accordingly, we have created model mice of the human gut microbiota by transplanting germ-free C57BL/6N mice with fecal samples from a healthy volunteer and from an affected patient. These humanized mice were stably colonized and reproduced the bacterial diversity in donors. Remarkably, performance on Object Location Test and Object Recognition Test was significantly reduced in the latter than in the former at 55 weeks of age, suggesting that gut microbiota transplanted from an affected patient affects mouse behavior. In addition, metabolites related to the nervous system, including γ-aminobutyrate, taurine, and valine, were significantly less abundant in the feces of mice transplanted with microbiota from the affected patient.
Increased phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the heated leaves of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)
Authors: Ueda Yuto , Matsuda Yasushi , Murata Tatsuro , Hoshi Yoshikazu , Kabata Kiyotaka , Ono Masateru , Kinoshita Hideki , Igoshi Keiji , Yasuda Shin
Published: July 2019

We investigated the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of two batches of non-heated and heated leaves of the yacon cultivar “Andes no yuki”, grown in Japan. Lyophilized yacon leaves heated at 160°C for 20 min and 100°C for 60 min had a 1.96 to 9.69-times higher total phenolic content than that of the non-heated leaves. Heated leaves exhibited a 1.98 to 4.07-times higher antioxidant capacity than that of the non-heated leaves in three different free radical scavenging assays. Heated leaves were more efficient at attenuating the superoxide anion radical production in human granulocytic cells than the non-heated leaves. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that, in the heated leaves, the caffeic acid content was 2.13 to 3.64-times higher and the chlorogenic acid content was slightly lower than those in the non-heated leaves. Hence, heat processing may affect the active constituent contents in yacon leaves, potentiating its antioxidant capacity.

Abbreviations: ABTS+: 2,2′-azinobis(2-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; NBT: nitroblue tetrazolium; O2−: superoxide anion; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PMS: phenazine methosulfate; TEAC: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
The puzzle of Japans welfare capitalism: a review of the welfare regimes approach
Authors: Powell Martin , Kim Ki-tae , Kim Sung-won
Published: July 2019

There has been little consensus on Japans welfare regime since Esping-Andersens [1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press] unclear categorisation of Japan as his only non-Western welfare state. This article is the first attempt to analyse academic research published in both English and Japanese. It presents a review of 40 collected studies (including 15 Western, 6 Asian and 19 Japanese articles), reached a wide variety of conclusions, defining Japan as eight different types: We point out that while the majority of Western studies tend to run statistical models including Japan among otherwise Western welfare states with little theoretical justification, Japanese scholars tend to focus on Japan as a single case. The two very different approaches may have something to learn from each other, as in thesis antithesis synthesis. Now that we are aware of very different approaches to and conclusions about Japans welfare regime, the topic appears ripe for greater co-operation between scholars.
Neurexin nanoclusters: A novel structure at presynaptic terminals
Authors: Kawaguchi Daichi , Gotoh Yukiko
Published: July 2019

The trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecule neurexin regulates synaptic functions but its high-resolution subcellular localization and dynamics were unknown. Trotter et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201812076) describe previously unrecognized nanoscale clusters of neurexin-1 in presynaptic terminals and their regulation by ADAM10-mediated proteolysis.
SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic plus quartic trap
Authors: Li Hao , Chen Fanglin
Published: July 2019

We consider a SU(3) spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic plus quartic trap. The ground-state wave functions of such a system are obtained by minimizing the Gross–Pitaevskii energy functional, and the effects of the spin-dependent interaction and spin–orbit coupling are investigated in detail. For the case of ferromagnetic spin interaction, the SU(3) spin–orbit coupling induces a threefold-degenerate plane wave ground state with nontrivial spin texture. For the case of antiferromagnetic spin interaction, the system shows phase separation for weak SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, where three discrete minima with unequal weights in momentum space are selected, while hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure for strong SU(3) SOC, where three discrete minima with equal weights are selected.
Impurity-induced Shiba bound state in the BCS–BEC crossover regime of two-dimensional Fermi superfluid*
Authors: Shao Siqi , Zhou Kezhao , Zhang Zhidong
Published: July 2019

For a two-dimensional ultra-cold Fermi superfluid with an effective static magnetic impurity, we theoretically investigated the variation of the Yu–Shiba–Rusinov (YSR) bound state in the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) to Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) crossover regime. Within the framework of mean-field theory, analytical results of the YSR bound state energy were obtained as a function of the interaction parameters. First, when the background Fermi superfluid system stays in the weakly interacting BCS regime, we found that the YSR bound state energy is linearly dependent on the gap parameter with its coefficient slightly different from previous results. Second, we discovered re-entrance phenomena for the YSR state and an upper bound of the strength of the interaction between the paired atoms. By carefully analyzing the bound state energy as a function of the interaction parameters, we obtained a phase diagram showing the existence of the YSR state. Finally, we concluded that the re-entrance phenomena and the critical point can be easily experimentally detected through measurement of radio-frequency spectroscopy and density of states using current experimental techniques.
Factors influencing electromagnetic scattering from the dielectric periodic surface*
Authors: Wei Yinyu , Wu Zhensen , Li Haiying , Wu Jiaji , Qu Tan
Published: July 2019

The scattering characteristics of the periodic surface of infinite and finite media are investigated in detail. The Fourier expression of the scattering field of the periodic surface is obtained in terms of Huygens’s principle and Floquet’s theorem. Using the extended boundary condition method (EBCM) and T-matrix method, the scattering amplitude factor is solved, and the correctness of the algorithm is verified by use of the law of conservation of energy. The scattering cross section of the periodic surface in the infinitely long region is derived by improving the scattering cross section of the finite period surface. Furthermore, the effects of the incident wave parameters and the geometric structure parameters on the scattering of the periodic surface are analyzed and discussed. By reasonable approximation, the scattering calculation methods of infinite and finite long surfaces are unified. Besides, numerical results show that the dielectric constant of the periodic dielectric surface has a significant effect on the scattering rate and transmittance. The period and amplitude of the surface determine the number of scattering intensity peaks, and, together with the incident angle, influence the scattering intensity distribution.
Flexible broadband polarization converter based on metasurface at microwave band*
Authors: Wang Qi , Kong Xiangkun , Yan Xiangxi , Xu Yan , Liu Shaobin , Mo Jinjun , Liu Xiaochun
Published: July 2019

A flexible broadband linear polarization converter is proposed based on the metasurface operating at microwave band. To achieve bandwidth extension property, long and short metallic arc wires, as well as the metallic disks placed over a ground plane, are combined into the polarizer, which can generate three neighboring resonances. Due to the combination of the first two resonances and the optimized size and thickness of the unit cell, the polarization converter can have a weak incident angle dependence. Both simulated and measured results confirm that the average polarization conversion ratio is over 85% from 11.3 GHz to 20.2 GHz within a broad range of incident angle from 0° to 45°. Moreover, the proposed polarization converter based on flexible substrates can be applied for conformal design. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate that our designed polarizer still keeps high polarization conversion efficiency, even when it adheres to convex cylindrical surfaces. The periodic metallic structure of the designed polarizer has great potential application values in the microwave, terahertz, and optic regimes.
Memory effect evaluation based on transmission matrix calculation*
Authors: Li Ming , Fang Long-Jie , Pang Lin
Published: July 2019

The memory effect is a type of auto correlation observed in linear systems, which is widely used to control scattered light through thin scattering layers. We show that there exists a strong correlation among the optimized phase distributions of adjacent focal points in focusing through scattering media. The numeric simulation and experiment indicate that within the memory effect, the phase difference between the two adjacent focal points shows an optical phase fringe pattern, and the closer the adjacent focal points are, the wider the fringe pattern will be, corresponding to the tilting of a plane wave phase added onto the acquired optical phase distribution at the focal point. This effect can be utilized for achieving optimal phase distributions of focal point scanning without optical phase evaluation via the experiment, which has great potential application in imaging through the scattering medium.
Hollow and filled fiber bragg gratings in nano-bore optical fibers*
Authors: Zhang Yong-Xin , Liang Sheng , Yu Qian-Qing , Lian Zheng-Gang , Dong Zi-Nian , Wang Xuan , Lin Yu-Qin , Zou Yu-Qi , Xing Kun , Liang Liu-Yan , Zhao Xiao-Ting , Tu Li-Jing
Published: July 2019

To combine the technical functions and advantages of solid-core fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and hollow-core optical fibers (HCFs), the hollow and filled FBGs in nano-bore optical fibers (NBFs) with nano-bore in the GeO2-doped core are proposed. The fundamental mode field, effective mode index, and confinement loss of NBF with 50 nm–

7

μ
m

-diameter hollow and filled nano-bore are numerically investigated by the finite element method. The reflected spectra of FBGs in NBFs are obtained by the transmission matrix method. The hollow FBGs in NBFs can be acheived with (∼5% power fraction in the bore and the (∼0.9 reflectivity when bore diameter is less than

3

μ
m

. The filled FBGs can be realized with (∼1% power fraction and 0.98 reflectivity with different fillings including o-xylene, trichloroethylene, and chloroform for 800-nm bore diameter. The feasibility of the index sensing by our proposed NBF FBG is also analyzed and discussed. The experimental fabrication of hollow and filled FBGs are discussed and can be achieved by current techniques. The aim of this work is to establish a principle prototype for investigating the HCFs and solid-core FBGs-based fiber-optic platforms, which are useful for applications such as the simultaneous chemical and physical sensing at the same position.
Effects of heat loss and viscosity friction at walls on flame acceleration and deflagration to detonation transition*
Authors: Huang Jin , Han Wenhu , Gao Xiangyu , Wang Cheng
Published: July 2019

The coupled effect of wall heat loss and viscosity friction on flame propagation and deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) in micro-scale channel is investigated by high-resolution numerical simulations. The results show that when the heat loss at walls is considered, the oscillating flame presents a reciprocating motion of the flame front. The channel width and Boit number are varied to understand the effect of heat loss on the oscillating flame and DDT. It is found that the oscillating propagation is determined by the competition between wall heat loss and viscous friction. The flame retreat is led by the adverse pressure gradient caused by thermal contraction, while it is inhibited by the viscous effects of wall friction and flame boundary layer. The adverse pressure gradient formed in front of a flame, caused by the heat loss and thermal contraction, is the main reason for the flame retreat. Furthermore, the oscillating flame can develop to a detonation due to the pressure rise by thermal expansion and wall friction. The transition to detonation depends non-monotonically on the channel width.
Characteristics and underlying physics of ionic wind in dc corona discharge under different polarities*
Authors: Zhang Tongkai , Zhang Yu , Ji Qizheng , Li Ben , Ouyang Jiting
Published: July 2019

During a dc corona discharge, the ions’ momentum will be transferred to the surrounding neutral molecules, inducing an ionic wind. The characteristics of corona discharge and the induced ionic wind are investigated experimentally and numerically under different polarities using a needle-to-ring electrode configuration. The morphology and mechanism of corona discharge, as well as the characteristics and mechanism of the ionic wind, are different when the needle serves as cathode or anode. Under the different polarities of the applied voltage, the ionic wind velocity has a linear relation with the overvoltage. The ionic wind is stronger but has a smaller active region for positive corona compared to that for negative corona under a similar condition. The involved physics are analyzed by theoretical deduction as well as simulation using a fluid model. The ionic wind of negative corona is mainly affected by negative ions. The discharge channel has a dispersed feature due to the dispersed field, and therefore the ionic wind has a larger active area. The ionic wind of positive corona is mainly affected by positive ions. The discharge develops in streamer mode, leading to a stronger ionic wind but a lower active area.
Characterization of structural transitions and lattice dynamics of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3*
Authors: Jin Feng , Ji Jian-Ting , Xie Chao , Wang Yi-Meng , He Shu-Na , Zhang Lei , Yang Zhao-Rong , Yan Feng , Zhang Qing-Ming
Published: July 2019

By combining temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction (XRD) with temperature-dependent Raman scattering, we have characterized the structural transitions and lattice dynamics of the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. The XRD measurements cover distinct phases between 15 K and 370 K and demonstrate a general positive thermal expansion. Clear anomalies are found around the transition temperatures. The temperature evolution of the lattice constants reveals that the transition at 160 K/330 K is of the first-/second-order type. Raman measurements uncover three strong low-frequency modes, which can be ascribed to the vibration of the Pb/I atoms. The temperature evolution of the modes clearly catches these transitions at 160 K and 330 K, and confirms the transition types, which are exactly consistent with the XRD results. The present study may set an experimental basis to understand the high conversion efficiency in methylammonium lead iodide.
Enhancement of MAD/MIR phasing at low resolution and a new procedure for automatic phase extension*
Authors: Han Pu , Gu Yuan-Xin , Ding Wei , Fan Hai-Fu
Published: July 2019

To achieve de novo protein structure determination of challenging cases, multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) and multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) phasing can be powerful tools to obtain low-resolution initial phases from heavy-atom derivative datasets, then phase extension is needed against high-resolution data to obtain accurate structures. In this context, we propose a direct-methods procedure here that could improve the initial low-resolution MAD/MIR phase quality. And accordingly, an automated process for extending initial phases to high resolution is also described. These two procedures are both implanted in the newly released IPCAS pipeline. Three cases are used to perform the test, including one set of 4.17 Å MAD data from a membrane protein and two sets of MAD/MIR data with derivatives truncated down to 6.80 Å and 6.90 Å, respectively. All the results have shown that the initial phases generated from the direct-methods procedure are better than that from the conventional MAD/MIR methods. The automated phase extensions for the latter two cases starting from 6.80 Å to 3.00 Å and 6.90 Å to 2.80 Å are proved to be successful, leading to complete models. This may provide convenient and reliable tools for phase improvement and phase extension in difficult low-resolution tasks.
Robust Lidar Data Processing and Quality Control Methods Developed for the SWiFT Wake Steering Experiment
Authors: Herges T G , Keyantuo P
Published: July 2019

Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted a wake-steering field experiment at the Scaled Wind Farm Technology facility. The campaign included the use of two highly instrumented V27 wind turbines, an upstream meteorological tower, and high-resolution wake measurements of the upstream wind turbine using a customized scanning SpinnerLidar from the Technical University of Denmark. The present work details how the SpinnerLidar data uploaded to the Department of Energy Atmosphere to Electrons Data Archive and Portal was processed, quality controlled and assured to guarantee high data availability with the removal of invalid measurements. A multidimensional approach to processing the SpinnerLidar Doppler spectra was developed based on matching erroneous measurements within the two-dimensional lidar scan with patterns inside the multidimensional lidar Doppler spectra. This method allows image processing techniques to be used to remove regions of the Doppler spectra that are contaminated by hard targets and isolate the velocity field of interest, allowing more accurate line-of-sight velocity measurements and enabling the estimation of the turbulence of the line-of-sight velocities within the probe volume.
Effects of the fidelity level of numerical simulations on the wake meandering phenomenon
Authors: Coudou N. , Moens M. , van Beeck J. , Bricteux L. , Chatelain P.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to verify that a modeling approach affordable at wind farm scale, in this case a fourth-order finite differences code combined with a rotating actuator disk, provides equivalent results in terms of wake meandering compared to a method with a higher fidelity level, i.e. a Vortex Particle-Mesh Method combined with immersed lifting lines. The analysis is performed on the wake centerlines obtained from Large Eddy Simulations of an isolated NREL 5-MW wind turbine subject to several synthetic turbulent inflows: 6%, 10%, and 15% turbulence intensity. A direct comparison of the wake centerlines reveals a good match between the two approaches up to five rotor diameters. Concerning the amplitude and wavelength of the wake meandering, the lower fidelity code leads to larger amplitudes and shorter wavelengths. Assuming that Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis is applicable, the Strouhal number St is computed as the ratio between the rotor diameter and the wavelength. Obtained values are such that 0.22 ⩽ St ⩽ 0.4.
Comparative study on the wake description using actuator disc model with increasing level of complexity
Authors: Navarro Diaz Gonzalo P. , Saulo A. Celeste , Otero Alejandro D.
Published: July 2019

The present work evaluates the benefits obtained when different levels of geometric and aerodynamic information of wind turbine blades are included in the actuator disc (AD) model, progressively increasing its descriptive capabilities. A novel AD model is presented, equivalent in precision to the AD coupled with the blade element momentum method, but avoiding the need to modify the CFD code by the use of a pre-calculated table. It is compared against three classical AD models, particularly aiming at the simulation of the wind farm wake interaction. The NREL-5MW reference wind turbine is adopted as test case, and configurations with single and two shifted wind turbines are analyzed.