bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing Curcumin in Translational Oncology Research
Authors: Trošelj Koraljka Gall , Samaržija Ivana , Tomljanović Marko , Kujundžić Renata Novak , Đaković Nikola , Mojzeš Anamarija
Published: November 2020

Most data published on curcumin and curcumin-based formulations are very promising. In cancer research, the majority of data has been obtained in vitro. Less frequently, researchers used experimental animals. The results of several clinical studies are conclusive, and these studies have established a good foundation for further research focusing on implementing curcumin in clinical oncology. However, the issues regarding timely data reporting and lack of disclosure of the exact curcumin formulations used in these studies should not be neglected. This article is a snapshot of the current status of publicly available data on curcumin clinical trials and a detailed presentation of results obtained so far with some curcumin formulations. Phenomena related to the observed effects of curcumin shown in clinical trials are presented, and its modifying effect on gut microbiota and metabolic reprogramming is discussed. Based on available data, there is a strong indication that curcumin and its metabolites present molecules that do not necessarily need to be abundant in order to act locally and benefit systemically. Future clinical studies should be designed in a way that will take that fact into consideration.
Nanoporous Crystalline Composite Aerogels with Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Daniel Christophe , Nagendra Baku , Acocella Maria Rosaria , Cascone Esther , Guerra Gaetano
Published: November 2020

High-porosity monolithic composite aerogels of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) containing reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) were prepared and characterized. The composite aerogels obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of sPS/r-GO and PPO/r-GO gels were characterized by a fibrillar morphology, which ensured good handling properties. The polymer nanoporous crystalline phases obtained within the aerogels led to high surface areas with values up to 440 m2 g−1. The role of r-GO in aerogels was studied in terms of catalytic activity by exploring the oxidation capacity of composite PPO and sPS aerogels toward benzyl alcohol in diluted aqueous solutions. The results showed that, unlike sPS/r-GO aerogels, PPO/r-GO aerogels were capable of absorbing benzyl alcohol from the diluted solutions, and that oxidation of c.a. 50% of the sorbed benzyl alcohol molecules into benzoic acid occurred.
Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent
Authors: Ullah Asad , Munir Sidra , Badshah Syed Lal , Khan Noreen , Ghani Lubna , Poulson Benjamin Gabriel , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Jaremko Mariusz
Published: November 2020

Flavonoids are phytochemical compounds present in many plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves, with potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Flavonoids possess a number of medicinal benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. They also have neuroprotective and cardio-protective effects. These biological activities depend upon the type of flavonoid, its (possible) mode of action, and its bioavailability. These cost-effective medicinal components have significant biological activities, and their effectiveness has been proved for a variety of diseases. The most recent work is focused on their isolation, synthesis of their analogs, and their effects on human health using a variety of techniques and animal models. Thousands of flavonoids have been successfully isolated, and this number increases steadily. We have therefore made an effort to summarize the isolated flavonoids with useful activities in order to gain a better understanding of their effects on human health.
Advancing Timberline on Mt. Fuji between 1978 and 2018
Authors: Sakio Hitoshi , Masuzawa Takehiro
Published: November 2020

Climate change is a major cause of changes in alpine and polar vegetation, particularly at the edges of distributions. In temperate regions, these changes are expected to occur at the timberline of alpine zones. On Mt. Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan, the timberline is located 2400–2500 m above sea level. Over a 40-year period (1978–2018), we researched changes in the timberline vegetation of Mt. Fuji. A permanent belt transect extending from the upper timberline to subalpine zones was set up in August 1978. Tree diameters and heights were recorded at the establishment of the transect and every 20 years afterwards. Over the 40 years of the study, the timberline advanced rapidly upwards, and the degree of vegetation cover above the timberline increased remarkably. Notably, the expansion of Salix reinii into the upper part of the timberline facilitated the subsequent spread of Larix kaempferi into this zone. Seedlings of L. kaempferi were particularly abundant at the upper timberline and became established on the uppermost part of the slope. The shape of L. kaempferi at the upper timberline changed from a prostrate form to an upright tree form. We conclude that the upward advance of the alpine timberline observed on Mt. Fuji is due to climate change.
Conducting Polymers for Optoelectronic Devices and Organic Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: R. Murad Ary , Iraqi Ahmed , Aziz Shujahadeen B. , N. Abdullah Sozan , Brza Mohamad A.
Published: November 2020

In this review paper, we present a comprehensive summary of the different organic solar cell (OSC) families. Pure and doped conjugated polymers are described. The band structure, electronic properties, and charge separation process in conjugated polymers are briefly described. Various techniques for the preparation of conjugated polymers are presented in detail. The applications of conductive polymers for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are explained thoroughly. The architecture of organic polymer solar cells including single layer, bilayer planar heterojunction, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) are described. Moreover, designing conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications and optimizations of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are discussed. Principles of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells are addressed. Finally, strategies for band gap tuning and characteristics of solar cell are presented. In this article, several processing parameters such as the choice of solvent(s) for spin casting film, thermal and solvent annealing, solvent additive, and blend composition that affect the nano-morphology of the photoactive layer are reviewed.
Size-Controlled Transformation of Cu2O into Zero Valent Copper within the Matrix of Anion Exchangers via Green Chemical Reduction
Authors: Jacukowicz-Sobala Irena , Stanisławska Ewa , Baszczuk Agnieszka , Jasiorski Marek , Kociołek-Balawejder Elżbieta
Published: November 2020

Composite materials containing zero valent copper (ZVC) dispersed in the matrix of two commercially available strongly basic anion exchangers with a macroreticular (Amberlite IRA 900Cl) and gel-like (Amberlite IRA 402OH) structure were obtained. Cu0 particles appeared in the resin phase as the product of the reduction of the precursor, i.e., copper oxide(I) particles previously deposited in the two supporting materials. As a result of a one-step transformation of preformed Cu2O particles as templates conducted using green reductant ascorbic acid and under mild conditions, macroporous and gel-type hybrid products containing ZVC were obtained with a total copper content of 7.7 and 5.3 wt%, respectively. X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful transformation of the starting oxide particles into a metallic deposit. A scanning electron microscopy study showed that the morphology of the deposit is mainly influenced by the type of matrix exchanger. In turn, the drying steps were crucial to its porosity and mechanical resistance. Because both the shape and size of copper particles and the internal structure of the supporting solid materials can have a decisive impact on the potential applications of the obtained materials, the results presented here reveal a great possibility for the design and synthesis of functional nanocrystalline solids.
Laser Ablation-Assisted Synthesis of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)/Au Nanocomposites: Crystalline Phase and Micromechanical Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Orooji Yasin , Jaleh Babak , Homayouni Fatemeh , Fakhri Parisa , Kashfi Mohammad , Torkamany Mohammad Javad , Yousefi Ali Akbar
Published: November 2020

In this research, piezoelectric polymer nanocomposite films were produced through solution mixing of laser-synthesized Au nanoparticles in poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix. Synthetization of Au nanoparticles was carried out by laser ablation in N-methyle-2-pyrrolidene (NMP), and then it was added to PVDF: NMP solution with three different concentrations. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out in order to study the crystalline structure of the nanocomposite films. Results revealed that a remakable change in crystalline polymorph of PVDF has occurred by embedding Au nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. The polar phase fraction was greatly improved by increasing the loading content of Au nanoparticle. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the nanocomposite films are more resistant to high temperature and thermal degradation. An increment in dielectric constant was noticed by increasing the concentration of Au nanoparticles through capacitance, inductance, and resistance (LCR) measurement. Moreover, the mechanical properties of nanocomposites were numerically anticipated by a finite element based micromechanical model. The results reveal an enhancement in both tensile and shear moduli.
Free Volume Effect via Various Chemical Structured Monomers on Adhesion Property and Relative Permittivity in Acrylic Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Authors: Lee Jung-Hun , Kim Ji-Soo , Kim Hyun-Joong , Park Kyujong , Moon Jungwoo , Lee Jinyoung , Park Youngju
Published: November 2020

Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are used as fixatives between layers of a display. PSAs’ function is an important factor that determines the performance of the display. Of the various display types available, the touch screen panel (TSP) of smart devices is firmly related to the relative permittivity of the elementals. Therefore, adjusting the relative permittivity of the PSA is indispensable for driving the TSP. Accordingly, selected acrylic pre-polymers were polymerized and the pre-polymer was blended and cross-linked with monomers with different chemical structure to adjust the relative permittivity. The monomers were hexametyldisiloxane (HMDS), N-vinylcaprolactam (NVC), tert-butyl acrylate (TBA), and isooctadecyl acrylate (ISTA). The gel fraction and transmittance as a function of the monomers show a similar result to the pure acrylic PSA. However, the gel fraction value decreased to about 90% and the transmittance decreased to about 85%, due to the immiscibility between nonpolar HMDS and acrylic PSA. On the other hand, the adhesion properties were improved when NVC was added because of the polarity of the nitrogen group. In addition, the relative permittivity of the PSA decreased regardless of the monomer chosen. There was, however, a difference in the optimal content of each monomer, and NVC decreased from 4 phr content to about 3.4 in reducing relative permittivity. Through the above results, it was confirmed that NVC having a nitrogen group is most advantageous in lowering adhesion properties and relative permittivity, and necessitates further research based on the findings.
Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity Studies of Aminated Microcrystalline Cellulose Derivatives against Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Nazir Farzana , Iqbal Mudassir
Published: November 2020

Cellulose based materials are emerging in the commercial fields and high-end applications, especially in biomedicines. Aminated cellulose derivatives have been extensively used for various applications but limited data are available regarding its cytotoxicity studies for biomedical application. The aim of this study is to synthesize different 6-deoxy-amino-cellulose derivatives from Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via tosylation and explore their cytotoxic potential against normal fibroblasts, melanoma and breast cancer. 6-deoxy-6-hydrazide Cellulose (Cell Hyd) 6-deoxy-6-diethylamide Cellulose (Cell DEA) and 6-deoxy-6-diethyltriamine Cellulose (Cell DETA) were prepared and characterized by various technologies like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray diffractogram (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Elemental Analysis and Zeta potential measurements. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against normal fibroblasts (NIH3T3), mouse skin melanoma (B16F10), human epithelial adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. IC50 values obtained from cytotoxicity assay and live/dead assay images analysis showed MCC was non cytotoxic while Cell Hyd, Cell DEA and Cell DETA exhibited noncytotoxic activity up to 200 μg/mL to normal fibroblast cells NIH3T3, suggesting its safe use in medical fields. The mouse skin melanoma (B16F10) are the most sensitive cells to the cytotoxic effects of Cell Hyd, Cell DEA and Cell DETA, followed by human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). Based on our study, it is suggested that aminated cellulose derivatives could be promising candidates for tissue engineering applications and in cancer inhibiting studies in future.
Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation with Long-Range Order in Melts of Gradient Copolymers
Authors: Gavrilov Alexey A. , Chertovich Alexander V.
Published: November 2020

In this work, we studied the question of whether it is possible to develop a one-step approach for the creation of microphase-separated materials with long-range order with the help of spontaneous gradient copolymers, i.e., formed during controlled copolymerization solely due to the large difference in the reactivity ratios. To that end, we studied the polymerization-induced microphase separation in bulk on the example of a monomer pair with realistic parameters based on styrene (S) and vinylpirrolydone (VP) by means of computer simulation. We showed that for experimentally reasonable chain lengths, the structures with long-range order start to appear at the conversion degree as low as 76%; a full phase diagram in coordinates (fraction of VP—conversion degree) was constructed. Rather rich phase behavior was obtained; moreover, at some VP fractions, order–order transitions were observed. Finally, we studied how the conversion degree at which the order–disorder transition occurs changes upon varying the maximum average chain length in the system.
Formation and Stability of Smooth Thin Films with Soft Microgels Made of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(Acrylic Acid)
Authors: Buratti Elena , Sanzari Ilaria , Dinelli Franco , Prodromakis Themistoklis , Bertoldo Monica
Published: November 2020

In this work, soft microgels of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) at two different sizes and of interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) composed of PNIPAm and Poly(Acrylic Acid) (PAAc) were synthesized. Then, solutions of these different types of microgels have been spin-coated on glass substrates with different degrees of hydrophobicity. PNIPAm particles with a larger diameter form either patches or a continuous layer, where individual particles are still distinct, depending on the dispersion concentration and spin speed. On the other, PNIPAm particles with a smaller diameter and IPN particles form a continuous and smooth film, with a thickness depending on the dispersion concentration and spin-speed. The difference in morphology observed can be explained if one considers that the microgels may behave as colloidal particles or macromolecules, depending on their size and composition. Additionally, the microgel size and composition can also affect the stability of the depositions when rinsed in water. In particular, we find that the smooth and continuous films show a stimuli-dependent stability on parameters such as temperature and pH, while large particle layers are stable under any condition except on hydrophilic glass by washing at 50 °C.
Using Genipin to Immobilize Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Zirconia Surface for Enhancing Cell Adhesion and Mineralization in Dental Implant Applications
Authors: Sun Ying-Sui , Lin Yu-An , Huang Her-Hsiung
Published: November 2020

Our objective in this study was to promote cell responses through the immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on roughened zirconia (ZrO2) through using the natural cross-linker genipin in dental implant applications. Field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface characterizations, including the topography, chemistry, and functional groups, respectively, of the test specimens. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were used to detect cell responses (adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization). The surface characterizations analysis results revealed that genipin was effective in immobilizing BMP-2 on roughened zirconia surfaces. BMP-2 proved effective in promoting the adhesion and mineralization of hMSCs on roughened zirconia. The surface modification proposed has potential in zirconia dental implant applications.
Upper Limb Design of an Anthropometric Crash Test Dummy for Low Impact Rates
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Marek , Frej Damian , Tarnapowicz Dariusz , Poliak Milos
Published: November 2020

The article presents the design of the upper limb joints of an anthropometric dummy intended for rear crash tests for low impact speeds. These joints represent the connection of the hand to the forearm, the forearm to the arm, and the arm to the shoulder. The designed joint is adapted to the construction of a dummy representing the 50th percentile male. The joints currently used on Hybrid III dummies require calibration after each crash test. The construction of the new joint ensures the appropriate strength of individual joint elements and the repeatable value of the joint characteristics without the need for frequent calibrations. The designed joints have the ability to set a variable stiffness characteristic, thanks to which it is possible to use this joint universally in dummies representing populations of other percentile sizes. The range of movement of the joints has been selected to reflect the range of mobility of the upper limb of an adult. The characteristics of the joints were compared with those used in the joints of the Hybrid III 50 percentile male dummy. Moreover, it should be noted that the constructed joints of the upper limb are made by hand; therefore, their comparison with the Hybrid III dummy shows some deviations in the moments of resistance. Making the joints with a 3D printer, taking into account the appropriate material, will ensure greater accuracy and will also result in joining the individual elements of the joint into a whole. The obtained results show slight differences between the moment of resistance in the joints of the constructed anthropometric dummy compared to the hybrid III dummy.
Synthesis, Structure, Hydrodynamics and Thermoresponsiveness of Graft Copolymer with Aromatic Polyester Backbone at Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) Side Chains
Authors: Tarabukina Elena , Fatullaev Emil , Krasova Anna , Kurlykin Mikhail , Tenkovtsev Andrey , Sheiko Sergei S. , Filippov Alexander
Published: November 2020

New thermoresponsive graft copolymers with an aromatic polyester backbone and poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) side chains are synthesized and characterized by NMR and GPC. The grafting density of side chains is 0.49. The molar masses of the graft-copolymer, its backbone, side chains, and the modeling poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxaziline are 74,000, 19,000, 4300, and 16,600 g·mol−1, respectively. Their conformational properties in nitropropane as well as thermoresponsiveness in aqueous solutions are studied and compared with that of free side chains, i.e., linear PiPrOx with a hydrophobic terminal group. In nitropropane, the graft-copolymer adopts conformation of a 13-arm star with a core of a collapsed main chain and a PiPrOx corona. Similarly, a linear PiPrOx chain protects its bulky terminal group by wrapping around it in a selective solvent. In aqueous solutions at low temperatures, graft copolymers form aggregates due to interaction of hydrophobic backbones, which contrasts to molecular solutions of the model linear PiPrOx. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) for the graft copolymer is around 20 °C. The phase separation temperatures of the copolymer solution were lower than that of the linear chain counterpart, decreasing with concentration for both polymers.
Build-To-Specification Vanillin and Phloroglucinol Derived Biobased Epoxy-Amine Vitrimers
Authors: Genua Aratz , Montes Sarah , Azcune Itxaso , Rekondo Alaitz , Malburet Samuel , Daydé-Cazals Bénédicte , Graillot Alain
Published: November 2020

Epoxy resins are widely used in the composite industry due to their dimensional stability, chemical resistance, and thermo-mechanical properties. However, these thermoset resins have important drawbacks. (i) The vast majority of epoxy matrices are based on non-renewable fossil-derived materials, and (ii) the highly cross-linked molecular architecture hinders their reprocessing, repairing, and recycling. In this paper, those two aspects are addressed by combining novel biobased epoxy monomers derived from renewable resources and dynamic crosslinks. Vanillin (lignin) and phloroglucinol (sugar bioconversion) precursors have been used to develop bi- and tri-functional epoxy monomers, diglycidyl ether of vanillyl alcohol (DGEVA) and phloroglucinol triepoxy (PHTE) respectively. Additionally, reversible covalent bonds have been incorporated in the network by using an aromatic disulfide-based diamine hardener. Four epoxy matrices with different ratios of epoxy monomers (DGEVA/PHTE wt%: 100/0, 60/40, 40/60, and 0/100) were developed and fully characterized in terms of thermal and mechanical properties. We demonstrate that their performances are comparable to those of commonly used fossil fuel-based epoxy thermosets with additional advanced reprocessing functionalities.
Manufacture of Reduced Fat White-Brined Cheese with the Addition of β-Glucans Biobased Polysaccharides as Textural Properties Improvements
Authors: Kondyli Efthymia , Pappa Eleni C. , Kremmyda Alexandra , Arapoglou Dimitris , Metafa Maria , Eliopoulos Christos , Israilides Cleanthes
Published: November 2020

β-Glucan, isolated from the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, at a concentration of 0.4%, was used in the manufacture of reduced-fat white-brined cheese from sheep milk. Control reduced-fat cheese was also produced from the same milk without the addition of β-glucan. The resultant cheeses were examined for their physicochemical characteristics, color and textural properties, and level of proteolysis and lipolysis. Furthermore, cheeses were evaluated organoleptically. In general, there were no statistical differences in the physicochemical characteristics and proteolysis levels found between both cheeses. The addition of β-glucan improved textural properties, and the cheeses received favorable grades for all the organoleptic characteristics. There were no flavor defects (such as a bitter taste) described by the panellists in this study. Generally, the addition of β-glucan did not significantly affect total free fatty acid content; however, at 180 days of ripening and storage, cheeses with the addition of β-glucan had a higher (p < 0.05) content than cheeses without β-glucan. The major fatty acids were acetic acid and capric acid.
Eulerian–Eulerian Modeling of Multiphase Flow in Horizontal Annuli: Current Limitations and Challenges
Authors: Shynybayeva Amina , Rojas-Solórzano Luis R.
Published: November 2020

Multiphase flows are present in many natural phenomena, processing technologies, and industries. In the petroleum industry, the multiphase flow is highly relevant, and special attention is paid to the development of predictive tools that determine flow conditions to guarantee safe and economic hydrocarbon extraction and transportation. Hydrodynamic aspects such as pressure drop and holdup are of primary relevance for the field engineer in daily operations like pumping power calculation and equipment selection and control. Multiphase flow associated with oil production is usually a mixture of liquids and gas. The hydrodynamic behavior has been studied in different pipeline configurations (i.e., vertical ascending/descending and horizontal/inclined pipelines). However, the available information about flow patterns as well as the general conditions present in horizontal annuli is incomplete, even if they are of fundamental relevance in today’s horizontal drilling, production, and well intervention in many oil wells around the world. This review aims to present an in-depth revision of the existing models developed to predict two-phase flow patterns and hydrodynamic conditions in annuli flow, focusing mainly on, but not limited to, horizontal configuration. Key flow parameters and effects caused by annuli geometry and the physical properties of fluids are extensively discussed in the present paper. Different empirical correlations and mechanistic and numerical models on two-phase flow through horizontal/inclined pipelines and in both concentric and eccentric annuli are analyzed. Some of these models partially agree with experimental results and show acceptable predictions of frictional pressure loss and flow patterns. Limitations in current models and challenges to be faced in the next generation of models are also discussed.
Life Cycle Assessment of the Mesophilic, Thermophilic, and Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Lanko Iryna , Flores Laura , Garfí Marianna , Todt Vladimir , Posada John A. , Jenicek Pavel , Ferrer Ivet
Published: November 2020

In this study the environmental impact of the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge within an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated. Three alternative AD systems (mesophilic, thermophilic, and temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD)) were compared to determine which system may have the best environmental performance. Two life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed considering: (i) the whole WWTP (for a functional unit (FU) of 1 m3 of treated wastewater), and (ii) the sludge line (SL) alone (for FU of 1 m3 of produced methane). The data for the LCA were obtained from previous laboratory experimental work in combination with full-scale WWTP and literature. According to the results, the WWTP with TPAD outperforms those with mesophilic and thermophilic AD in most analyzed impact categories (i.e., Human toxicity, Ionizing radiation, Metal and Fossil depletion, Agricultural land occupation, Terrestrial acidification, Freshwater eutrophication, and Ozone depletion), except for Climate change where the WWTP with mesophilic AD performed better than with TPAD by 7%. In the case of the SL alone, the production of heat and electricity (here accounted for as avoided environmental impacts) led to credits in most of the analyzed impact categories except for Human toxicity where credits did not balance out the impacts caused by the wastewater treatment system. The best AD alternative was thermophilic concerning all environmental impact categories, besides Climate change and Human toxicity. Differences between both LCA results may be attributed to the FU.
Remediation of Aquaculture Wastewater Using the Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana
Authors: Lugo Libardo A. , Thorarinsdottir Ragnheidur I. , Bjornsson Sigfus , Palsson Olafur P. , Skulason Hakon , Johannsson Skuli , Brynjolfsson Sigurdur
Published: November 2020

The aquaculture industry requires solutions to several environmental challenges in order to become sustainable, including adequate wastewater management. Aquaculture wastewater (AWW) is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and other elements essential for microalgae. Due to the potential for AWW to be used as a microalgal growth medium and the potential of Chlorella sorokiniana to remediate wastewater, the growth of this species in AWW was evaluated. The microalgal growth in AWW was compared to the growth in a modified BG11 growth medium containing similar nutrient concentrations as the AWW. The effect of pH regulation and air-lifting the cell suspension at different airflow rates was also studied. As a result, it was found that C. sorokiniana can grow successfully in AWW; however, its cultivation required pH regulation. This microalga species can reach a biomass concentration of up to 476 mg/L and a biomass productivity of 140 mg/L/day. Furthermore, up to 78% of the nitrogen, 77% of the phosphorus, 70% of the magnesium, 90% of the zinc, and 99% of the nickel contained in the AWW were assimilated by the microalgae. The results of this study show that microalga cultivation in wastewater has great potential to reduce contamination while generating economic benefits.
Barriers and Enabling Factors for Central and Household Level Water Treatment in a Refugee Setting: A Mixed-Method Study among Rohingyas in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Mahbub-Ul , Unicomb Leanne , Ahasan S.M. Monirul , Amin Nuhu , Biswas Debashish , Ferdous Sharika , Afrin Ayesha , Sarker Supta , Rahman Mahbubur
Published: November 2020

Water chlorination is widely used in emergency responses to reduce diarrheal diseases, although communities with no prior exposure to chlorinated drinking water can have low acceptability. To better inform water treatment interventions, the study explored acceptability, barriers, and motivating-factors of a piped water chlorination program, and household level chlorine-tablet distribution, in place for four months in Rohingya refugee camps, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. We collected data from June to August 2018 from four purposively selected refugee camps using structured observation, key-informant-interviews, transect-walks, group discussions, focus-group discussions, and in-depth-interviews with males, females, adolescent girls, and community leaders. Smell and taste of chlorinated water were commonly reported barriers among the population that had previously consumed groundwater. Poor quality source-water and suboptimal resultant treated-water, and long-queues for water collection were common complaints. Chlorine-tablet users reported inadequate and interrupted tablet supply, and inconsistent information delivered by different organisations caused confusion. Respondents reported fear of adverse-effects of "chemicals/medicine" used to treat water, especially fear of religious conversion. Water treatment options were reported as easy-to-use, and perceived health-benefits were motivating-factors. In vulnerable refugee communities, community and religious-leaders can formulate and deliver messages to address water taste and smell, instil trust, allay fears, and address rumours/misinformation to maximise early uptake.
Kinetics, Mechanism, and Toxicity of Amlodipine Degradation by the UV/Chlorine Process
Authors: Xu Jianye , Zhou Siqi , Du Erdeng , Sha Yongjun , Zheng Lu , Peng Mingguo , Ling Ling
Published: November 2020

The UV/chlorine process, as a new type of AOP (Advanced Oxidation Process), was utilized to treat amlodipine (AML)-containing water. The influencing factors, including chlorine dose, UV intensity, solution initial pH value, and ammonia concentration, were investigated. The degradation of AML in real water and the relative contributions of OH• and Cl• were also studied. Finally, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and GC-MS were used to identify the possible degradation products. The results demonstrated that the AML degradation process was fitted with apparent first-order kinetics. AML degradation had a positive correlation with UV intensity and chlorine dose, and a negative correlation with ammonia concentration. In the presence of ammonia nitrogen and DOM, the removal of AML from real water was reduced. OH• made a dominant percentage contribution of 55.7% to the degradation of AML. Sixteen intermediates were detected and identified. A possible degradation mechanism was also proposed. Acute toxicity tests and risk prediction both illustrated that the complete removal of AML does not guarantee the reduction of acute toxicity, but a prolonged degradation promoted the detoxification of toxic intermediates. The UV/chlorine process can be regarded to be an effective method to remove AML and reduce ecological risk.
FORMATION OF NATIONAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS OF FUTURE MUSIC ART TEACHERS IN «CHORAL CLASS»
Authors: Sokolova Alla
Published: November 2020

Object. The article addresses issues of educating future music teachers, the formation of their national worldview, in which professional knowledge and professional responsibility are formed, are of great importance. The leading role in this direction belongs to the discipline “Choral Class” and the widespread use of choral works written in poetry by Taras Shevchenko. Methods. Traditional historical and pedagogical research methods were used in the work: analytical, historical, and comparative, retrospective, comparative analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, educational materials. Results. It was revealed that the literary works of Taras Shevchenko were interpreted in their choral works by such famous Ukrainian composers as M. Verbitsky, L. Dychko, M. Karminsky, A. Kos-Anatolsky, O. Kosits, M. Lysenko, S. Lyudkevich, L. Revutsky, K. Stetsenko, A. Shtogarenko and others. This is since choral music is precisely the spiritual center that for centuries has kept the “genetic code” of Ukrainian culture. The work of the great poet T. Shevchenko has not lost its relevance today. He is dear to us with a word that does not die and exalts the beauty of the Ukrainian nation, awakens the best human feelings, encourages friendship and creative cooperation around the world, teaches us to love Ukraine. Given this, a significant role in the national education of future music teachers is played by the development of choral works by Ukrainian composers based on poems by Taras Shevchenko in the classes of the “Choir Class”. Studying the works of A. Kos-Anatolsky, Y. Stepova, A. Shtogarenko and others, written in poems by T. Shevchenko, in the classes of the «Choir Clas»”, students can not only understand the social significance of the feelings of both the poet and composers, but also experience that or other artistic image. This contributes to the development of the personal emotional sphere of students, their spirituality, reflection. Conclusions. Mastering the above compositions teaches future music teachers how pure and honest, humane and truthful, hardworking and sociable, full of self-worth and respect for all who work, a real person should be. Taras Shevchenko’s сreativity, increased by the skill of Ukrainian composers, brings to young people the educational potential aimed at educating the national consciousness, educating patriotism of national dignity, spiritual enrichment of the individual.
A regulação supranacional operada pelo PISA: construindo credibilidade internacional
Authors: Sudbrack Edite Maria , Dora Ramos Fonseca
Published: November 2020

Esse teste de natureza qualitativa reflete a Avaliação Internacional, denominada PISA, e seu potencial para induzir outras políticas educacionais, regulamentos supranacionais. De fato, ou sujeito à Avaliação em Longa Escala, em qualquer caso, ou no PISA encontra sua genialidade, não se esforçou para racionalizar políticas sociais, entre outras, para a educação, a partir da proveniência estatal de nossos países centrais. Foram analisados ​​dois registros de avaliação de longo prazo, cuja característica padronizada traduz sua matriz econômica em custódia de mercado, com base em regulamentações supranacionais, a publicação de resultados de mídia, abordando a competitividade entre escolas e redes, especificando a esfera de atuação. marketing. e produção ou classificação entre países.Sob o pretexto de monitorar a qualidade, o PISA e o portador do fim da reestruturação do capitalismo e suas transformações. Além disso, entende-se que esse teste acaba produzindo dois países hierarquicamente por meio de evidências. O Certame opera um processo regulatório supranacional, reforçado pelos processos de globalização hegemônica. Tenho o PISA como foco de análise, portanto, em sua macroinfluência, determinando, dessa forma, a formulação de políticas educacionais para o Brasil e Portugal.
Género y etnicidad. Un análisis crítico de las políticas de equidad y los resultados de la prueba PISA en Brasil y México
Authors: Miranda David G. , Torres Torres Patrícia Tereza Santos
Published: November 2020

Históricamente, género y etnicidad han sido factores claves para la generación de inequidades profundas a escala global, una realidad que nos lleva a la necesidad de analizar la contribución de políticas públicas de equidad relacionadas con ambos factores, en este caso, en Brasil y de México, los países más poblados de América Latina. Mediante la incorporación de la dimensión educativa, se analizan las brechas de resultados PISA en lectura, matemáticas y ciencias, así como otros indicadores socioeconómicos. Se concluye que, aunque los principios de equidad social están presentes en sus cartas magnas, programas gubernamentales y planes educativos, los resultados obtenidos no permiten afirmar que exista evidencia empírica que dichas políticas se hayan reflejado en una mejora sustantiva de la calidad de la educación ni en los niveles de equidad de forma relevante en los datos socioeconómicos de la población.
Gusrio Tendra, Suwarti APLIKASI DOMPET DIGITAL BERBASIS ANDROID PADA BUS TRANSMETRO KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Tendra Gusrio
Published: November 2020

Transmetro merupakan sarana transportasi umum masal yang disediakan oleh pemerintah kota pekanbaru, dibawah pengawasan dinas perhubungan kota pekanbaru. Biaya perjalanan yang ditawarkan pada kendaraan umum tersebut terbilang sangatlah murah, dan sangat terjangkau bagi kalangan menengah kebawah. Setiap transaksi yang dilakukan masih menggunakan alat tukar berupa uang pas yang wajid disediakan oleh penumpang yang ingin melakukan perjalanan. Terkadang tidak semua penumpang memiliki uang pas yang telah ditentukan dalam biaya perjalanan. Uang kembali yang terkadang tidak tersedia mengharuskan penumpang merelakan sejumlah uang yang dimiliki. Oleh karna itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi dompet digital berbasiskan perangkat android untuk mempermudah transaksi yang akan dilakukan. Hanya dengan mengisi saldo yang cukup pada aplikasi dan melakukan scaning QRCode pada saat transaksi maka transaksi telah tercatat secara otomatis pada database pihak transmetro tanpa perlu melakukan rekap data.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN LOKASI LAHAN PERTANIAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN JERUK KEPROK MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY MULTI ATRIBUTE DECISSION MAKING (FMADM) DAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW)
Authors: Naben Leonardus , Letelay Kornelis , Pandie Emerensye Sofia Yublina
Published: November 2020

Jeruk merupakan komoditas buah yang cukup menguntungkan untuk diusahakan. Agribisnis jeruk jika diusahakan dengan sungguh-sungguh terbukti mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani, dan dapat menumbuh-kembangkan perekonomian regional serta peningkatan pendapatan nasional. Saat ini, penentuan lahan untuk budidaya tanaman jeruk keprok di Kabupaten TTS masih manual, bahkan terkadang “memaksa” pada penggunaan lahan untuk jenis tanaman jeruk keprok. Selain itu, pembukaan lahan pada wilayah yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan biaya yang lebih mahal dari pada nilai komoditas pertanian untuk masa beberapa tahun. Dinas Pertanian juga masih menentukan lokasi lahan secara manual sehingga informasi untuk menunjang pengambilan keputusan penentuan lahan pertanian juga kurang akurat. Pemanfaatan sistem pendukung keputusan menggunakan Fuzzy Multi Atribute Decission Making (FMADM) dan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) sangat tepat jika diterapkan pada masalah ini. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 7 kriteria yakni curah hujan,temperatur, drainase, kedalaman solum, pH H₂O, tektur dan kemiringan lereng dilakukan pengujian sistem dengan membandingkan perhitungan manual dengan perhitungan dari sistem dan hasil perhitungannya sama sehingga sistem mampu memberikan hasil yang baik selain itu untuk mengukur tingkat kepentingan bobot dilakkuan pengujian sensitifitas perubahan bobot dengan 10 data lokasi lahan yang didapat dari peneliti di Balai Pengkajian Teknoloi Pertanian (BPTP) NTT dan hasilnya kriteria yang paling sensitif adalah kemiringan lereng dengan tingkat sensitifnya 60%. Hasil akhir dari sistem setelah ditambah 0.5 dan 1 untuk pengujian sensitifitas menunjukan perubahan hasil perankingan pada setiap data. Setelah itu dilakukan analisa terhadap data dan diperoleh bahwa sistem mampu memberikan hasil yang baik.
PENERAPAN METODE STAD DAN JIGSAW DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENCAPAIAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF.
Authors: Letelay Kornelis , Widiastuti Tiwuk
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out the influence between the use of the cooperative learning model of the JIGSAW and STAD . This study uses a quantitative method with an experimental approach. The population in this study were students majoring in computer science in the class of language theory and automata, and artificial intelligence. The sampling technique used random sampling techniques. In this study, the research samples were students majoring in computer science. Each class consisted of 33 students selected for the comparative experiment which were two classes. Testing is carried out using a one-way variant (one way Anova). The results of hypothesis testing showed the two data groups had the same variants between the STAD and JIGSAW learning models, with the value of Fcount of 0.5928 and Ftable of 1.79. It was found that Ftable> α, namely 1.79> 0.05, while Fcount> α, namely 0.5928> 0.05. By testing F, for the testing criteria, the value of Fcount < Ftable, (0.5928 <1.79) is obtained, then the accepted hypothesis is H0, meaning that the two data groups have the same variants. So it can be concluded that the application of the STAD and JIGSAW models has an effect on the achievement of student learning outcomes.

Keywords: The Jigsaw Learning Model, Stad, Poetry Learning Results
Grup Whatsapp Sebagai Media Memelihara Human Relations
Authors: Kapitan Junaidy A. , Amah Mas’ , Hana Ferly Tanggu
Published: November 2020

TeBe RK adalah Komunitas remaja yang angggotanya memiliki kebergaman identitas. Untuk itu, dalam memudahkan dan melancarkan komunikasi internal serta membangun human relations yang baik antar anggota komunitas dan menjadi media untuk berbagi informasi, ketua TeBe RK berinisiatif membuat grup whatsapp dari tahun 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengalaman, Motif serta Makna dari Komunitas TeBe RK dalam menggunakan grup WhatsApp sebagai media untuk memelihara human relations antar anggota komunitas. Penelitian ini dikaji menggunakan teori pertukaran sosial dan teori fenomenologi serta konsep-konsep penting seperti konsep human relations, komunikasi internal, WhatsApp dan konsep komunitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan Pengalaman komunitas TeBe RK, grup WhatsApp Komunitas TeBe RK menjadi media untuk melakukan komunikasi internal komunitas dalam memelihara human relations dinyatakan sudah tepat berdasarkan pernyataan informan. Whatsapp dipilih menjadi media untuk memelihara human relations karena dinilai murah dari segi biaya, pemakainnya praktis serta banyak anggota komunitas TeBe RK yang aktif menggunakan WhatsApp. Grup WhatsApp dimaknai sebagai media yang tepat dan efektif dalam memelihara human relations antar anggota komunitas TeBe RK. Human reltions dimaknai sebagai dasar utama yang harus paling kuat dalam suatu komunitas khususnya TeBe RK sebelum terjun ke masyarakat luas.
Fitur Aplikasi Gojek Favorit Konsumen Pada Saat Pandemi COVID-19 Di Kota Bandung
Authors: Kartika Novianti Eka
Published: November 2020

Pada Maret lalu Indonesia digemparkan dengan adanya virus COVID-19. Kewajiban physical distancing membuat Gojek merubah kebijakan pada penggunaan aplikasinya, yaitu dengan penyajian fitur yang berbeda pada aplikasi Gojek saat pandemi COVID-19. Kebijakan untuk menghapus sementara layanan Go-Ride atau mengantarkan penumpang ke suatu tempat hingga fitur pesan otomatis pada layanan Go-Food untuk menyimpan makanan yang diantar pada pagar dan melakukan pembayaran cashless atau gopay demi memutus rantai penyebaran virus COVID-19. Tujuan dari  penilitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui fitur atau layanan mana yang menjadi favorit konsumen di kota Bandung pada saat pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu studi fenomenologi dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pada hasil penelitian dari wawancara online kebeberapa narasumber pada penggunaan layanan atau fitur yang menjadi favorit konsumen di kota Bandung yaitu layanan Go-Food sebagai layanan pesan antar makanan dan layanan kedua yaitu layanan Go-Send sebagai layanan pengiriman barang berskala kecil. Fitur-fitur tersebut dipilih konsumen Gojek saat pandemi Covid-19 karena kemudahan yang mereka perlukan saat melakukan social distancing.
Teaching and classroom communication with children in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tapia María Isabel , Ochoa de Alda Jesús A. G. , Jeong Jin Su , Gómez David González
Published: November 2020

Prioritizing communication with children about the disease is an essential component in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Talking to children at school about the pandemic enables them to understand what is happening. This improves their motivation to cooperate and their adherence to protective behaviors and helps them feel less frightened and distressed. Therefore, it is urgent to develop evidence-based but child-focused communication guidelines. In the absence of this resource to support teachers, this contribution address three main points: i) how to communicate pandemic aspects to their students; ii) how to integrate knowledge about COVID-19 and other aspects of this pandemic in science curricula; iii) how this knowledge is useful to protect themselves and their students. To improve communication, teachers must be aware of children’s and adolescents’ cognitive, emotional, and psychological development. According to this development, simplifying language and concepts ensures that communication provides comprehension of illness and its causality. This contribution allows teachers to frame COVID-19-related content into each curriculum level, tackling misconceptions and providing reliable information. The fight against COVID-19 exemplifies dynamic aspects of science and engineering in the real world, an opportunity to strengthen the interactions between different disciplines in science lessons. Embedding the basic science of COVID-19 into curricula will allow students to understand how to protect themselves and others. The connection of course materials to students’ lives will increase student motivation and learning. Education can empower children to advocate for their participation in the containment of the pandemic.