bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Five‐Axis Curved‐Surface Multi‐Material Printing on Conformal Surface to Construct Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery Modules
Authors: Meng Fanbo , Ren Yujin , Ping Bu , Huang Jin , Li Peng , Chen Xihao , Wang Ning , Li Hui , Zhang Lei , Zhang Siwen , Hu Yingfang , Yu Zhi Gen , Yin Bosi , Ma Tianyi
Published: September 2024

Compact batteries and electronic devices offer a plethora of advantages, including space optimization, portability, integration capability, responsiveness, and reliability. These attributes are crucial technical enablers for the design and implementation of various electronic devices and systems within scientific exploration. Thus, the group harnesses additive manufacturing technology, specifically utilizing five‐axis curved‐surface multi‐material printing equipment, to fabricate aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with tungsten‐doped manganese dioxide cathode for enhanced adaptability and customization. The five‐axis linkage motion system facilitates shorter ion transportation paths for compact batteries and ensures precise and efficient molding of non‐developable curved surfaces. Afterward, the compact cell is integrated with a printed nano‐silver serpentine resistor temperature sensor, and an integrated functional circuit is created using intense‐pulse sintering. Incorporating an emitting Light Emitting Diode (LED) allows temperature measurement through variations in LED brightness. The energy storage module with a high degree of conformity on the carrier surface has the advantages of small size and improved space utilization. The capability to produce Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) on curved surfaces presents new avenues for innovation in energy storage technologies, paving the way for the realization of flexible and conformal power sources.
Exploring the Enhancement of Photocatalytic Performance in TiO2 based Hollow Composites: Size Effect of the Adsorbed CeO2 Particles
Authors: Liang Zheng Fu , Chen Yi Che , Hsu Pei Kai , Gloter Alexandre , Song Jenn‐Ming , Chen Shih Yun
Published: September 2024

The photocatalytic (PC) behavior of CeO2–TiO2 hollow composites with different heterojunction structures are investigated. The composites are fabricated by combining TiO2 hollow spheres and CeO2 nanoparticles with changing the ratio between Ce and Ti. High‐resolution microscopic and spectroscopic analysis demonstrates that three types of cerium‐bearing structures form on the surface of the titania. The first involves Ce atoms adsorbed onto the surface of TiO2 particles. The second occurs with small CeO2 particles, ≈2 nm in size, resulting from the aggregation of the adsorbed Ce atoms, thus forming a CeO2–TiO2 heterojunction. The last type is obtained through the growth of the CeO2 particles up to 10 nm in size. All the CeO2–TiO2 composites exhibit enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation compared to mere CeO2 or TiO2 nanoparticles. The synergistic effect of these three structures leads to a competition between size effects and interface interactions, which affects the band alignment, the number of defects, and, consequently, the PC activity. The highest PC reaction rate constant under visible light reaches up to 0.017 min−1 and is achieved when the CeO2 nanoparticle size is smaller than its Debye length.
Addressing Freshwater Scarcity and Hydrogen Production: Offshore Wind and Reverse Osmosis Synergies
Authors: Ishaq Haris , Crawford Curran
Published: September 2024

The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is imperative to mitigate climate change and achieve sustainable development goals (SGDs). Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, holds great potential for decarbonizing various sectors, yet its production remains predominantly reliant on fossil fuels. This study explores a novel approach to sustainable hydrogen production by integrating offshore wind energy with reverse osmosis (RO) desalination technology. The proposed configuration harnesses offshore wind power to energize both a RO desalination system and water electrolysis unit. Initially, the wind energy powers the RO desalination process, purifying seawater, and then desalinated water is directed to water electrolysis system for generating green hydrogen directly from seawater. The resulting renewable hydrogen holds potential for diverse applications, including marine industries, and can be transported onshore as needed. The RO system is configured to treat 20 kg s−1 of seawater with a salinity of 35 000 ppm, aiming for a high recovery ratio and reduced freshwater salinity. A pressure exchanger (PX) is integrated to recover energy from high‐pressure brine stream and transfer it to the low‐pressure feed water, thus reducing the overall energy consumption of the RO process. The concentrated brine extracted from RO desalination is proposed to be utilized for the production of sodium hydroxide that can further pretreat incoming seawater and enhance the effectiveness of the filtration process by mitigating membrane fouling. This pressure exchanger increases the energy efficiency of the RO system from 63.1% to 64.0% and exergetic efficiency from 13.9% to 18.2% increasing the overall first and second law efficiencies to 37.9% and 33.5%. By leveraging offshore wind power to drive RO desalination systems, this research not only addresses freshwater scarcity but also facilitates green hydrogen generation, contributing to the advancement of renewable energy solutions and fostering environmental sustainability.
Nanoarchitecture‐Integrated Hydrogel Boosts Angiogenesis–Osteogenesis–Neurogenesis Tripling for Infected Bone Fracture Healing
Authors: Zha Kangkang , Hu Weixian , Xiong Yuan , Zhang Shengming , Tan Meijun , Bu Pengzhen , Zhao Yanzhi , Zhang Wenqian , Lin Ze , Hu Yiqiang , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Feng Qian , Liu Guohui , Mi Bobin
Published: September 2024

Infected fracture healing is a complicated process that includes intricate interactions at the cellular and molecular levels. In addition to angiogenesis and osteogenesis, the significance of neurogenesis in fracture healing has also been recognized in recent years. Here, a nanocomposite hydrogel containing pH‐responsive zinc‐gallium‐humic acids (HAs) nanoparticles is developed. Through the timed release of Zn2+, Ga3+, and HAs, the hydrogel exhibits potent antibacterial effects and promotes angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and neurogenesis. The enhanced neurogenesis further promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis, forming a mutually supportive angiogenesis–osteogenesis–neurogenesis cycle at the fracture site. The hydrogel achieves rapid infected fracture healing and improves tissue regeneration in mice. This study proposes a comprehensive treatment approach that combines antibacterial effects with the regulation of tissue regeneration to improve infected fracture healing.
Alternative cereal crop rotations in a no‐tillage dryland under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Nascimento Gonçalo , Villegas Dolors , Álvaro‐Fuentes Jorge , Cantero‐Martínez Carlos
Published: September 2024

Cereal crops are frequently rotated with broadleaf crops to achieve the benefits associated with crop diversification. However, broadleaf crops often fail in Mediterranean drylands due to their lower adaptation to drought. Alternative cereal crops such as triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) and oat (Avena sativa L.) can help diversify drylands in the Ebro valley, dominated by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation. A 6‐year field experiment was conducted with five crop sequences under no‐tillage: triticale–wheat–barley (TWB), oat–wheat–barley (OWB), fallow–wheat–barley, monocrop wheat, and monocrop barley. Wheat and barley grain yield, N use efficiency, and water use efficiency responses were evaluated, and economic analyses of the whole sequences were performed. Oat increased subsequent wheat yields by 15% and barley yields by 12% (p < 0.001) compared to monocropping. Similar water and N availability at sowing suggest additional synergies in an OWB rotation (possibly pest reduction), contributing to the yield increase of both crops. However, this rotation was less profitable than a TWB rotation (p = 0.002) due to the limited adaptation of oat to Mediterranean settings. Long fallowing lacked consistent benefits in water and N availability for subsequent crops. This practice protects farmers from economic losses in low‐yielding seasons, but there is an associated opportunity cost in favorable years. The introduction of alternative cereal crops has demonstrated benefits for wheat and barley production, although greater understanding of the synergistic mechanisms involved is essential to ascertain whether resource efficiency is maintained beyond the studied timeframe.
A universal gelation strategy of bivalent anions to construct nanofibrous lysozyme hydrogels for immunomemory anti‐recurrence of diabetic wound infection by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway
Authors: Wang Aihui , Li Liqun , Zheng Liqian , Jiang Bang‐Ping , Liu Yihao , Huang Rimei , Qiu Huimin , Ji Shichen , Liang Hong , Shen Xing‐Can
Published: September 2024

Antibacterial lysozyme hydrogels show attractive advantages in wound dressings due to their intrinsic antibacterial activity and excellent biochemical and mechanical properties. Unfortunately, the development of such hydrogels is still greatly limited due to the lack of universal gelation strategies. Herein, a universal gelation strategy between lysozyme‐nanofiber (LZF) and inorganic salts is proposed for the first time to construct functional nanofibrous lysozyme‐based hydrogels. In particular, divalent anions are found to universally drive LZF for the aggregation and transformation into three‐dimensional nanofibrous network hydrogels via electrostatic interaction, and the key role of divalent anions in the gelation is further proved by molecular dynamics simulation. In addition, near‐infrared light‐mediated photothermal characteristics are endowed with LZF to enhance its inhibitory activity of multidrug‐resistant bacteria by the skeleton modification with genipin to produce genipin‐conjuagted LZF (GLZF). As a distinct application paradigm, the brilliant immunomemory MnSO4‐crosslinked GLZF hydrogel is constructed to sensitize the cGAS‐STING pathway and skillfully establish an antibacterial immune microenvironment. It can excellently realize the anti‐recurrence of diabetic wound infection via photo‐enhanced bacterial killing and the cGAS‐STING pathway. Thereby, it paves the way to employ the universal divalent anion‐mediated gelation strategy for the future development of functional inorganic salt hybrid lysozyme hydrogels.
TIM‐4 increases the proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma microenvironment by inhibiting IL‐6 secretion
Authors: Wang Ziyao , Xie Zerong , Mou Yu , Geng Ruiman , Chen Chen , Ke Nengwen
Published: September 2024

Background

Currently, creating more effector T cells and augmenting their functions is a focal point in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment research. T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain molecule 4 (TIM‐4), known for promoting cancer progression in various malignancies, is implicated in the suppressive immune microenvironment of tumors. Analyzing of the role of TIM‐4 in the immune regulation of PDAC can offer novel insights for immune therapy.

Methods

We analyzed the TIM‐4 expression in tumor specimens from PDAC patients. Meanwhile, multiple fluorescent immunohistochemical staining was used to study the distribution characteristics of TIM‐4, and through tissue microarrays, we explored its correlation with patient prognosis. The influence of TIM‐4 overexpression on cell function was analyzed using RNA‐seq. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used for verification. Finally, the relationship between TIM‐4 and T lymphocytes was analyzed by tissue microarray, and the impacts of TIM‐4 on T cell subsets were observed by cell coculture technology and a mouse pancreatic cancer in situ model.

Results

In PDAC, TIM‐4 is mainly expressed in tumor cells and negatively correlated with patient prognosis. TIM‐4 influences the differentiation of Treg by inhibiting IL‐6 secretion in pancreatic cancer cells and facilitates the proliferation of pancreatic cancer in mice. Additionally, the mechanism may be through the CD8+ effector T cells (CD8+Tc).

Conclusion

TIM‐4 has the potential to be an immunotherapeutic target or to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for PDAC.
Gut microbial subtypes and clinicopathological value for colorectal cancer
Authors: Han Shuwen , Zhuang Jing , Song Yifei , Wu Xinyue , Yu Xiaojian , Tao Ye , Chu Jian , Qu Zhanbo , Wu Yinhang , Han Shugao , Yang Xi
Published: September 2024

Background

Gut bacteria are related to colorectal cancer (CRC) and its clinicopathologic characteristics.

Objective

To develop gut bacterial subtypes and explore potential microbial targets for CRC.

Methods

Stool samples from 914 volunteers (376 CRCs, 363 advanced adenomas, and 175 normal controls) were included for 16S rRNA sequencing. Unsupervised learning was used to generate gut microbial subtypes. Gut bacterial community composition and clustering effects were plotted. Differences of gut bacterial abundance were analyzed. Then, the association of CRC‐associated bacteria with subtypes and the association of gut bacteria with clinical information were assessed. The CatBoost models based on gut differential bacteria were constructed to identify the diseases including CRC and advanced adenoma (AA).

Results

Four gut microbial subtypes (A, B, C, D) were finally obtained via unsupervised learning. The characteristic bacteria of each subtype were Escherichia‐Shigella in subtype A, Streptococcus in subtype B, Blautia in subtype C, and Bacteroides in subtype D. Clinical information (e.g., free fatty acids and total cholesterol) and CRC pathological information (e.g., tumor depth) varied among gut microbial subtypes. Bacilli, Lactobacillales, etc., were positively correlated with subtype B. Positive correlation of Blautia, Lachnospiraceae, etc., with subtype C and negative correlation of Coriobacteriia, Coriobacteriales, etc., with subtype D were found. Finally, the predictive ability of CatBoost models for CRC identification was improved based on gut microbial subtypes.

Conclusion

Gut microbial subtypes provide characteristic gut bacteria and are expected to contribute to the diagnosis of CRC.
Building on and tailoring to: Adapting a cancer caregiver psychoeducational intervention for rural settings
Authors: Kent Erin E. , Tan Kelly R. , Nakamura Zev M. , Kovacs Jesse , Gellin Mindy , Deal Allison , Park Eliza M. , Reblin Maija
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Rural cancer caregivers experience obstacles in accessing services, obtaining respite, and ensuring their care recipients receive quality care. These challenges warrant opportunities to participate in evidence‐based behavioral intervention trials to fill support gaps. Adaptation to rural settings can facilitate appropriate fit, given higher caregiver service needs and unique challenges. We present findings from the adaptation process of a psychoeducational intervention designed to support cancer caregivers in rural settings.

Methods

We adapted Reblin's CARING intervention, designed for neuro‐oncology, to target caregivers of rural cancer patients across cancer sites. First, we conducted formative work to determine the unmet social and supportive care needs rural cancer caregivers faced. We used the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence‐based Implementation Strategies (FRAME‐IS) to guide the modifications. To conduct the adaptation, we elicited feedback through qualitative interviews of seven caregivers and three cancer hospital staff and thematic analysis to inform intervention modifications. Our qualitative study was guided by the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Results

Interviews revealed that service access was a pressing need, along with financial (e.g., treatment costs, employment challenges) and geographic barriers (e.g., distance to treatment, road conditions). We modified content, training, and context using the FRAME‐IS steps. Changes enhanced fit through the following adaptations: changes to social support domains, session content, interventionist training, resource offerings, screening and recruitment processes, and virtual delivery.

Discussion

Challenges to establishing successful psychosocial oncology interventions may be improved through participant‐centered approaches and implementation science. Additional systemic challenges, including lack of systematic documentation of caregivers, persist and may especially disadvantage under‐represented and underserved groups, such as rural dwellers. The enCompass intervention is undergoing ongoing single‐arm pilot of rural cancer patient/caregiver dyads targeting caregiver coping self‐efficacy and patient/caregiver distress (Clinical Trials #NCT05828927).
A predictive risk‐scoring model for survival prognosis of multiple myeloma based on gain/amplification of 1q21: Experience in a tertiary hospital in South‐Western China
Authors: Xiong Yanqiu , Liang Shanshan , Tang Wenjiao , Zhang Li , Zheng Yuhuan , Pan Ling , Niu Ting
Published: September 2024

Background

Chromosomal 1q gains and amplifications (+1q21) are frequently observed in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). However, the interpretation of the high‐risk (HR) prognostic implications stemming from 1q21 abnormalities remain challenging to implement effectively.

Methods

In a comprehensive analysis of 367 consecutive patients with symptomatic MM, we assessed the prognostic significance of +1q21 using FISH with a threshold of 7.4%. The patient cohort was randomly divided into a training set (66.5%, n = 244) and a validation set (33.5%, n = 133). A multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify significant prognostic factors associated with PFS. Weight scores were assigned to each risk factor based on the β‐value of the corresponding regression coefficient. A predictive risk‐scoring model involving +1q21 was then developed, utilizing the total score derived from these weight scores. The model's discriminative ability was evaluated using the AUC in both the training and validation sets. Finally, we compared the performance of the +1q21‐involved risk with the established R‐ISS and R2‐ISS models.

Results

Upon initial diagnosis, 159 patients (43.32%) exhibited +1q21, with 94 (59.11%) having three copies, referred to as Gain(1q21), and 65 (40.89%) possessing four or more copies, referred to as Amp (1q21). Both were significantly linked to a reduced PFS in myeloma (p < 0.05), which could be effectively mitigated by ASCT. The +1q21‐involved risk model, with an AUC of 0.697 in the training set and 0.725 in the validation set, was constructed including Gain(1q21), Amp(1q21), no‐ASCT, and TP53 deletion. This model, termed the ultra‐high‐risk (UHR) model, demonstrated superior performance in predicting shorter PFS compared to the R‐ISS stage 3 and R2‐ISS stage 4.

Conclusion

The UHR model, which integrates the presence of +1q21 with no‐ASCT and TP53 deletion, is designed to identify the early relapse subgroup among patients with +1q21 in NDMM.
Preservation of cfRNA in cytological supernatants for cfDNA & cfRNA double detection in non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Ma Yidan , Wang Yifei , He Lei , Du Jun , Li Lin , Bie Zhixin , Li Yuanming , Xu Xiaomao , Zhou Wei , Wu Xiaonan , Yang Li , Di Jing , Li Chenyang , Li Xiaoguang , Liu Dongge , Wang Zheng
Published: September 2024

Backgroud

Supernatants from various cytological samples, including body cavity effusion, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and needle aspiration, have been validated for detecting genetic alterations using cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the sensitivity of fusion variations detection remains challenging. The protection of cell‐free RNA (cfRNA) is critical for resolving the issue.

Methods

A protective solution (PS) was applied for preserving cfRNA in cytological supernatant (CS), and the quality of protected cfRNA was assessed by cycle threshold (CT) values from reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Furthermore, we collected an additional set of malignant cytological and matched tumor samples from 84 NSCLC patients, cfDNA & cfRNA extraction and double detection for driver gene mutations was validated using the multi‐gene mutations detection by RT‐qPCR.

Results

Under the optimal protection system, 91.0% (101/111) of cfRNA were protected effectively. Among the 84 NSCLC patient samples, seven cytological samples failed the tests. In comparison with tumor samples, the overall sensitivity and specificity of detecting driver genes of supernatant cfDNA and cfRNA were 93.8% (74/77) and 100% (77/77), respectively. Notably, when focusing exclusively on patients with fusion gene changes, both sensitivity and specificity reached 100% (11/11) for EML4‐ALK, ROS1, RET fusions, and MET ex14 skipping.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that cfDNA & cfRNA extraction and double detection strategy recommended in this study improve the accuracy of driver genes mutations test, especially for RNA‐based assay.
Recent Progress of Photoswitchable Fluorescent Diarylethenes for Bioimaging
Authors: Qin Kai‐Xuan , Su Yun‐Shu , Zhu Ming‐Qiang , Li Chong
Published: September 2024

Photochromic diarylethene has attracted broad research interest in optical applications owing to its excellent fatigue resistance and unique bistability. Photoswitchable fluorescent diarylethene become a powerful molecular tool for fluorescence imaging recently. Herein, the recent progress on photoswitchable fluorescent diarylethenes in bioimaging is reviewed. We summarize the structures and properties of diarylethene fluorescence probes and emphatically introduce their applications in bioimaging as well as super‐resolution imaging. Additionally, we highlight the current challenges in practical applications and provide the prospects of the future development directions of photoswitchable fluorescent diarylethene in the field of bioimaging. This comprehensive review aims to stimulate further research into higher‐performance photoswitchable fluorescent molecules and advance their progress in biological application.
Circumflex distortion following mitral valve repair
Authors: Pilichowski Hugo , Spînu Radu , Gerelli Sébastien , Mangin Lionel , Bonnet Marc
Published: September 2024

Mitral valve repair or replacement poses a potential risk of injury to the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx). Such injuries can arise from either direct LCx injury caused by encircling or transfixing stitches, or indirect occlusion resulting from the distortion of adjacent tissues. We provide and illustrate a representative image depicting LCx distortion. Additionally, we offer guidance to aid angiographers in comprehending the angiographic appearance and the underlying mechanism of occlusion.
The efficacy and safety of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with primary duct closure for cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis
Authors: Teng Da , Xu Yue , Yang Qingsong , Zhang Wenjun
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis represents a prevalent disease. At present, regarding the management of the common bile duct (CBD), T‐tube drainage (TTD) and primary duct closure (PDC) emerge as two prominent approaches for biliary tract repair after laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE). Here, retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical records of 157 patients who underwent LCBDE at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2022. All patients were categorized into the PDC group or the TTD group based on the chosen CBD treatment approach. A comparative assessment was made across demographic factors, preoperative conditions, surgical particulars, and postoperative complications. The results showed that PDC is recommended for patients with a limited number of small stones, particularly when the CBD is in the 10–15 mm diameter range.
Resampling as a Robust Measure of Model Complexity in PARAFAC Models
Authors: Fog Froriep Halberg Helene , Bevilacqua Marta , Rinnan Åsmund
Published: September 2024

Fluorescence spectroscopy has been applied for analysis of complex samples, such as food and beverages. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is a well‐known decomposition method for fluorescence excitation–emission matrices (EEMs). When the complexity of the system increases, it becomes considerably more difficult to determine the optimal number of PARAFAC components, especially when the fluorophores of the system are unknown. The two commonly applied diagnostics, core consistency and split‐half analysis, appear to underestimate the model complexity due to covarying components and local minima, respectively. As a more robust alternative, we propose a resampling approach with multiple initializations and submodel comparisons for estimating the optimal number of PARAFAC components in complex data.
Organic Two‐Photon‐Absorbing Photosensitizers Can Overcome Competing Light Absorption in Organic Photocatalysis
Authors: Kumar Kundu Bidyut , Bashar Noorul , Srivastava Prasenjit , Elles Christopher G. , Sun Yujie
Published: September 2024

Conventional organic photocatalysis typically relies on ultraviolet and short‐wavelength visible photons as the energy source. However, this approach often suffers from competing light absorption by reactants, products, intermediates, and co‐catalysts, leading to reduced quantum efficiency and side reactions. To address this issue, we developed novel organic two‐photon‐absorbing (TPA) photosensitizers capable of functioning under deep red and near‐infrared light irradiation. Three model reactions including cyclization, Sonogashira Csp2−Csp cross‐coupling, and Csp2−N cross‐coupling reactions were selected to compare the performance of the new photosensitizers under both blue (427 nm) and deep red (660 nm) light irradiation. The obtained results unambiguously prove that for reactions involving blue light‐absorbing reactants, products, and/or co‐catalysts, deep red light source resulted in better performance than blue light when utilizing our TPA photosensitizers. This work highlights the potential of our metal‐free TPA photosensitizers as a sustainable and effective solution to mitigate the competing light absorption issue in photocatalysis, not only expanding the scope of organic photocatalysts but also reducing reliance on expensive Ru/Ir/Os‐based photosensitizers.
Chirality at Metal in a Linear [Ag(NHC)2]+ Complex: Stereogenic C−Ag−C Axis, Atropisomerism and Role of π‐π Interactions
Authors: Polo Alvaro , Gutiérrez Merino Lara , Rodríguez Ricardo , Sanz Miguel Pablo J.
Published: September 2024

Chirality at the metal center is a well‐established concept, exemplified by numerous four‐ and six‐coordinated complexes. Here, a pioneering example of linear chirality‐at‐metal is described: [Ag(NHC)2]+ (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene). In solution, stabilizing π‐π interactions preserve the chiral information of the solid state. Consequently, a novel class of atropisomers is identified, whose stereogenicity arises from hindered rotation around a C−Ag−C axis, instead of a typical C−C bond.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Morphans from (R)‐Carvone
Authors: Costanzo Giuliana , Cosentino Giuseppe , Pasquinucci Lorella , Amata Emanuele , Schepmann Dirk , Wünsch Bernhard
Published: September 2024

Enantiomerically pure 4‐hydroxymorphan‐7‐ones were prepared in two steps from the natural product (R)‐carvone. At first, the isopropenyl moiety of (R)‐carvone was converted into the epoxide 7. A Domino reaction consisting of epoxide opening with primary amines followed by intramolecular conjugate addition of the resulting secondary amines at the α,β‐unsaturated ketone established the morphan scaffold. This novel morphan synthesis allowed the modification of the bicyclic system at three positions resulting in 26 diverse morphans. Various primary amines led to morphans 8−13 with different N‐substituents. Acylation or water elimination followed by hydrogenation led to esters 15 and 16 or the morphan 18 without a hydroxy moiety. The benzylidenemorphans 25a and 26a were prepared by condensation of the ketones 11a and 12a with benzaldehyde. Finally, the α‐methylene ketone of 11a and 12a was exploited to obtain indolomorphans, quinolinomorphans, pyrimidinomorphans and pyrazolomorphans. Affinity of the novel morphans at opioid receptors MOR, DOR and KOR could not be detected. However, the indolomorphan 19 and the quinolinomorphan 22 showed nanomolar σ1 receptor affinity (Ki=58 nM and 20 nM).
Sociodemographic and geographic factors impacting radiotherapy recommendation, initiation, and completion for patients with cancer
Authors: Hogan Jacob S. , Orav E. John , Vapiwala Neha , Lam Miranda B.
Published: September 2024

Background

More than half of patients with cancer receive radiotherapy, which often requires daily treatments for several weeks. The impact of geographic and sociodemographic factors on the odds of patients with cancer being recommended radiotherapy, starting radiotherapy, and completing radiotherapy is not well understood.

Methods

This was a retrospective patient cohort study that included patients diagnosed with one of the 10 most common solid cancers from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, in the National Cancer Database. The primary predictor was radial distance from a patient’s home to their cancer treatment hospital. Other covariates included baseline patient characteristics (age, sex, comorbidities, metastatic disease, cancer site), sociodemographic characteristics (race, ethnicity, median income quartile, insurance status), geographic region, and facility type. The three primary outcomes were being recommended radiotherapy, starting recommended radiotherapy, and completing radiotherapy.

Results

Of the 3,068,919 patients included, patients living >50 miles away had lower odds of being recommended radiotherapy than those living <10 miles away. Compared to White patients, Asian and Hispanic patients had lower odds of being recommended radiotherapy, and Black patients had lower odds of starting recommended radiotherapy. Uninsured patients, those with Medicaid or Medicare, and patients in lower median income quartiles had lower odds of starting or completing radiotherapy.

Conclusions

Geographic and sociodemographic factors impact access to radiotherapy at different levels in cancer care and understanding these factors could aid policymakers and practices in identifying and supporting at‐risk patients.
The Effect of Salts on the CO2 Reduction Product Distribution in an Aprotic Electrolyte
Authors: Burgers Iris , Wortmann Boris , Garcia Amanda C. , Deacon‐Price Connor , Pérez‐Gallent Elena , Goetheer Earl , Kortlever Ruud
Published: September 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction in non‐aqueous solvents is promising due to the increased CO2 solubility of organic‐based electrolytes compared to aqueous electrolytes. Here the effect of nine different salts in propylene carbonate (PC) on the CO2 reduction product distribution of polycrystalline Cu is investigated. Three different cations (tetraethylammonium (TEA), tetrabutylammonium (TBA), and tetrahexylammonium (THA)) and three different anions (chloride (Cl), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), and hexafluorophosphate (PF6)) were used. Chronoamperometry and in‐situ FTIR measurements show that the size of the cation has a crucial role in the selectivity. A more hydrophobic surface is obtained when employing a larger cation with a weaker hydration shell. This stabilizes the CO2− radical and promotes the formation of ethylene. CO2 reduction in 0.7 M THACl/PC shows the highest hydrocarbon formation. Lastly, we hypothesize that the hydrocarbon formation pathway is not through C−C coupling, as the CO solubility in PC is very high, but through the dimerization of the COH intermediate.
Sequential Release of Ibuprofen and the Gasotransmitter Hydrogen sulfide using Oxanorbornane‐Based Synthetic Lipids as Carriers
Authors: Kana Veedu Akshaya , Panthalattu Parambil Archana , Manheri Muraleedharan K.
Published: September 2024

After understanding the biological signaling roles of hydrogen sulfide and its involvement in various physiological processes, there has been enormous interest in exploring its therapeutic utility in areas such as cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, etc. There is also growing interest in using suitable H2S donors in combination with other drugs to improve the treatment outcome through the modulation of multiple pathways. The premature release of H2S from small molecule donors and the difficulty in controlling its spatio‐temporal distribution are the major challenges during these efforts. Hence the development of appropriate carriers that can release this gasotransmitter along with the therapeutic entity of interest in a controlled manner has high significance. In this regard, this report presents a novel drug delivery system from oxanorbornane‐based synthetic lipids that carries a H2S‐releasing 1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione moiety as part of the head group. Nanoaggregates of the resulting conjugate are not only capable of efficiently entrapping a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen, but also release this drug and H2S in a controlled and sequential manner.
Solitary Cutaneous Mastocytoma in an Adult Diagnosed on Cytology: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Suneja Priya , Nambiar Kaniyappan , Tanveer Nadeem , Diwaker Preeti , Kumari Raushan , Gandhi Vijay
Published: September 2024

Mastocytosis is characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic mast cells in various organs, which can have either cutaneous or systemic presentation. Solitary cutaneous mastocytomas are most commonly seen in the pediatric age group but rarely present in adults. Histopathology of cutaneous mastocytoma is well described in the literature but only a few studies are available describing the cytomorphological features. We present a case of a 19‐year‐old female who presented with a 6‐month history of a right supraclavicular single, 0.5 × 0.5 cm, well‐defined, reddish‐brown round nodule. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears were highly cellular showing monomorphic cells, predominantly dispersed singly and occasionally in small clusters. The cells were round to oval, with moderate cytoplasm containing coarse metachromatic granules. Toluidine blue stain and CD117 immunocytochemical stain confirmed the presence of mast cell granules. Based on the cytomorphology, staining, clinical history, and examination, a diagnosis of solitary cutaneous mastocytoma was rendered. FNAC plays a pivotal role in diagnosing mast cell tumors and even obviates the need for tissue biopsy in selected cases.
Daidzin enhances memory and the antischizophrenia drug olanzapine's effects, possibly through the 5‐HT2A and D2 receptor interaction pathways
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Chowdhury Raihan , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Chakrabarty Brototi , Kundu Neloy , Akbor Md. Showkot , Sheikh Salehin , Chowdhury Rokibul Islam , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Islam Md. Amirul
Published: September 2024

Schizophrenia affects identification and disturbs our thinking and motivational capacity. Long‐term use of daidzin (DZN) is evident to enhance attention and memory in experimental animals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DZN on Swiss mice. To check animals' attention, identification, thinking, and motivational ability, we performed behavioral studies using marble burying, dust removal, and trained swimming protocols. For this, a total of 36 male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into six groups, consisting of 6 animals in each group, as follows: control (vehicle), DZN‐1.25, DZN‐2.5, DZN‐5 mg/kg, olanzapine (OLN)‐2, and a combination of DZN‐1.25 with OLN‐2. Additionally, in silico studies are also performed to understand the possible molecular mechanisms behind this neurological effect. Findings suggest that DZN dose‐dependently and significantly (p < .05) increased marble burying and removed dust while reducing the time to reach the target point. DZN‐1.25 was found to enhance OLN's effect significantly (p < .05), possibly via agonizing its activity in animals. In silico findings suggest that DZN has strong binding affinities of ‐10.1 and ‐10.4 kcal/mol against human serotonin 2 A (5‐HT2A) and dopamine 2 (D2) receptors, respectively. Additionally, DZN exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties. We suppose that DZN may exert its attention‐ and memory‐enhancing abilities by interacting with 5‐HT2A and D2 receptors. It may exert a synergistic antischizophrenia‐like effect with the standard drug, OLN. Further studies are required to discover the exact molecular mechanism for this neurological function in animals.
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (Csf1r) expressing cell ablation in mafia (macrophage‐specific Fas‐induced apoptosis) mice alters monocyte landscape and atherosclerotic lesion characteristics
Authors: Medina Indira , Wieland Elias B , Temmerman Lieve , Otten Jeroen J.T. , Bermudez Beatriz , Bot Ilze , Rademakers Timo , Wijnands Erwin , Schurgers Leon , Mees Barend , van Berkel Theo J.C. , Goossens Pieter , Biessen Erik A.L.
Published: September 2024

Macrophage infiltration and accumulation in the atherosclerotic lesion are associated with plaque progression and instability. Depletion of macrophages from the lesion might provide valuable insights into plaque stabilization processes. Therefore, we assessed the effects of systemic and local macrophage depletion on atherogenesis. To deplete monocytes/macrophages we used atherosclerosis‐susceptible Apoe−/− mice, bearing a MaFIA (macrophage‐Fas‐induced‐apoptosis) suicide construct under control of the Csf1r (CD115) promotor, where selective apoptosis of Csf1r‐expressing cells was induced in a controlled manner, by administration of a drug, AP20187. Systemic induction of apoptosis resulted in a decrease in lesion macrophages and smooth‐muscle cells. Plaque size and necrotic core size remained unaffected. Two weeks after the systemic depletion of macrophages, we observed a replenishment of the myeloid compartment. Myelopoiesis was modulated resulting in an expansion of CSF1Rlo myeloid cells in the circulation and a shift from Ly6chi monocytes toward Ly6cint and Ly6clo populations in the spleen. Local apoptosis induction led to a decrease in plaque burden and macrophage content with marginal effects on the circulating myeloid cells. Local, but not systemic depletion of Csf1r+ myeloid cells resulted in decreased plaque burden. Systemic depletion led to CSF1Rlo‐monocyte expansion in blood, possibly explaining the lack of effects on plaque development.
Antibody density on bacteria regulates C1q recruitment by monoclonal IgG but not IgM
Authors: Aymerich Nathan , Schlotheuber Luca J. , Bucheli Olivia T. M. , Portmann Kevin , Baudry Jean , Eyer Klaus
Published: September 2024

Antibodies that trigger the complement system play a pivotal role in the immune defense against pathogenic bacteria and offer potential therapeutic avenues for combating antibiotic‐resistant bacterial infections, a rising global concern. To gain a deeper understanding of the key parameters regulating complement activation by monoclonal antibodies, we developed a novel bioassay for quantifying classical complement activation at the monoclonal antibody level, and employed this assay to characterize rare complement‐activating antibacterial antibodies on the single‐antibody level in postimmunization murine antibody repertoires. We characterized monoclonal antibodies from various antibody isotypes against specific pathogenic bacteria (Bordetella pertussis and Neisseria meningitidis) to broaden the scope of our findings. We demonstrated activation of the classical pathway by individual IgM‐ and IgG‐secreting cells, that is, monoclonal IgM and IgG2a/2b/3 subclasses. Additionally, we could observe different epitope density requirements for efficient C1q binding depending on antibody isotype, which is in agreement with previously proposed molecular mechanisms. In short, we found that antibody density most crucially regulated C1q recruitment by monoclonal IgG isotypes, but not IgM isotypes. This study provides additional insights into important parameters for classical complement initiation by monoclonal antibodies, a knowledge that might inform antibody screening and vaccination efforts.
Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia in a patient with ATP1A3‐related neurologic disorder
Authors: Mertens Ann , Papadopoulou Maria T. , Papathanasiou Terzi Matthildi Athina , Lesca Gaëtan , Biela Mateusz , Smigiel Robert , Panagiotakaki Eleni
Published: September 2024

We report on an 11 year old Polish girl who experienced paroxysmal episodes with decreased consciousness, (hemi)plegia, movement disorders, slurred speech, dysphagia, and abnormal eye movements. An extensive etiological work‐up (brain MRI, EEG, EMG, NCS, toxic, metabolic, infectious, and auto‐immune screening) was not conclusive. A genetic analysis with whole‐exome sequencing demonstrated a de novo heterozygous mutation in the ATP1A3 gene (c.2232C>G, p.Asn744Lys). A 48 h video‐EEG monitoring that was conducted in our unit later confirmed the absence of ictal discharge during an episode of hemidystonia, demonstrating its non‐epileptic etiology. However, several discharges of generalized spike waves, which were facilitated by intermittent photic stimulation and eyelid closure were recorded, of which a few were associated with eyelid myoclonia. Taken together, these findings are characteristic of epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia. The clinical picture of this patient partially fulfills the diagnostic criteria of relapsing encephalopathy with cerebellar ataxia as well as alternating hemiplegia of childhood. It is increasingly recognized that the distinct syndromes described with ATP1A3 mutations are overlapping and could be identified in the same patients. Certain variations in ATP1A3 have been linked to an increased risk of developing generalized epilepsy syndromes. We hereby present the second case in the literature of a patient with epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia with an ATP1A3‐related neurological disorder.
Primary treatment gap among adults with epilepsy: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Soboh Housam , Theitler Jacques , Gandelman‐Marton Revital
Published: September 2024

Objective

Despite recommendations to initiate antiseizure medication treatment once the diagnosis of epilepsy is confirmed, a certain proportion of patients with epilepsy who should receive antiseizure medication treatment remain untreated. We aimed to evaluate the rate of and the reasons for the treatment gap in patients with epilepsy who were referred to their first visit in our epilepsy clinic.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the computerized database and the medical records of all the patients with epilepsy who had their first visit in our outpatient epilepsy clinic during a 10‐year period (2012–2021).

Results

Forty‐nine (6.5%) of 746 patients with epilepsy were not treated with antiseizure medications: 27 (3.6%) were nonadherent to treatment, 12 (1.6%) patients were not definitively diagnosed with epilepsy prior to their first epilepsy clinic visit, and in 10 (1.3%) patients antiseizure medication treatment was not recommended. Untreated patients had shorter epilepsy duration compared to patients treated with antiseizure medications (p = .003). At last follow‐up, 77% of the untreated patients at first visit were receiving antiseizure medications compared to 97% of the initially treated group, and fewer were receiving antiseizure medication polytherapy (p = .0001).

Significance

Although the rate of treatment gap was relatively low, we believe that it should be further reduced. Efforts may focus on addressing individual causes of nonadherence to antiseizure medication treatment and on promoting knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy among healthcare professionals.
Investigations on rigid–flexible coupling multibody dynamics of 5 MW wind turbine
Authors: Xue Zhanpu , Zhou Zhiqiang , Lai Haijun , Shao Siyuan , Rao Jilai , Li Yun , He Long , Jia Zhiyuan
Published: September 2024

The flexible system of wind turbines refers to the components such as blades, towers, and rotor shafts that are subjected to external forces such as wind loads, inertial forces, and gravity during operation, resulting in deformation and vibration. This paper proposes that dynamic response analysis of the flexible system, through the response data, put forward improvement measures to improve the stability. The flexible dynamic response of wind turbine was analyzed. The fluid dynamics and structural dynamics of wind turbine are analyzed by the finite element method, and the flow chart is combined to get the wind turbine velocity, pressure, shear stress, and vorticity distribution nephogram. The results provide a reference value for monitoring structural state dynamics parameters of large wind turbines. Wind power generation technology is relatively mature, and its proportion in the field of power generation is gradually increasing. Wind energy is inexhaustible and can occupy a place in the development and utilization of new energy for a long time. This study provides an important reference for determining the dynamic parameters of wind turbine operation and improves the stability and reliability of wind turbine operation. The results provide a reference value for monitoring structural state dynamics parameters of large wind turbines.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of natural products from vitamin C‐rich fruits
Authors: Chan Sioi , Xiong Ping , Zhao Min , Zhang Siyuan , Zheng Rongbo , Ye Jizeng , Chan Ka Iong , Li Chuyuan , Zhong Zhangfeng
Published: September 2024

Inflammation is a crucial target for therapeutic interventions in many life‐threatening diseases, which sustains ongoing interest in the field of inflammation biology. Plant‐derived natural products, rich in phytochemicals, have been used as healing agents in several diseases since antiquity. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, as well as gut microbiota modulation. They hold substantial potential as promising candidates for the development of novel strategies in the management of inflammation‐associated diseases. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits given from administrating natural products (e.g., phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, and saccharides), with a particular emphasis on vitamin C‐rich fruits based on the high content of bioactive compounds with anti‐inflammatory properties. Apart from natural products, the gut microbiota acts a significant role in modulating the activation of inflammatory reaction. Deviations in its composition have been associated with various diseases. Furthermore, advancements in machine learning contribute to enhancing clinical outcomes in disease treatment. Therefore, this work provided some valuable insights in elaborating the therapeutic potential of vitamin C‐rich fruits, the role of probiotics as anti‐inflammatory agents, and the utilization of computer‐aided drug design techniques.
Considerations for Embedding Equity in the Energy Transition
Authors: Zhang Emily , Pasternak Samantha , Brown AJ
Published: September 2024

Decarbonizing our economies represents one of the most significant economic and industrial challenges in modern history. The drive toward decarbonization involves the widespread electrification of vehicles and buildings, adoption at scale of renewable energy resources, and modernization of the electric grid infrastructure. Together, these electrification efforts are projected to cause US electricity consumption to grow by 1.5 percent annually from 2024 to 2026,1 requiring a tripling or quadrupling in electric generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure to meet future demands.2 While these developments have the potential to create a more sustainable and resilient energy system, they also risk exacerbating existing inequalities.