bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Использование сетчатых имплантатов при лапароскопическом лечении больших грыж пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы
Authors: Grubnyk V. V. , Grubnik V. V. , Tkachenko O. I.
Published: November 2020

Цель работы: изучение эффективности использования различных видов сетчатых имплантатов при лечении больных с большими грыжами пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы.

Материалы и методы. С января 2011 года по сентябрь 2018 в нашей клинике прооперированы 187 пациентов с большими грыжами пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (ГПОД). Средний возраст больных составлял 57 ± 14,9 (от 39 до 78 лет). Средний индекс массы тела у оперированных больных был (28,6 ± 5,4) кг. Все пациенты в зависимости от методики пластики ГПОД были разделены на 4 группы. В I группе (54 пациента) выполнялась простая крурорафия. Во II группе (59 пациентов) для укрепления швов крурорафии использовалась самофиксирующаяся сетка ProGrip. Для укрепления швов крурорафии в III группе (49 пациентов) использовали сетчатый имплантат Parietex с коллагеновым покрытием. В IV группе (25 пациентов) использовали рассасывающуюся викриловую сетку. Отдаленные результаты изучали через 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 и 60 месяцев после операции. Больным проводились рентгенологическое исследования и желудка с бариевым контрастом, ФГДС и 24-х часовая pH-метрия с вычислением индекса DeMeester. У пациентов фиксировались все жалобы, определялось качество жизни по опроснику GERD-HRQL.

Результаты исследований и их обсуждение. Все оперативные вмешательства были выполнены лапароскопически без конверсии в открытую операцию. У 10 больных наблюдались интраоперационные осложнения. В отдаленные сроки от 24 до 60 месяцев удалось проследить 74,87 % прооперированных больных. Количество рецидивов через 60 месяцев в группе с выполнением простой крурорафии составляло 26,3 %, что было достоверно выше, чем в группах, где использовались нерассасывающиеся сетчатые имплантаты ProGrip и Parietex с коллагеновым покрытием (4,5 и 7,9 % соответственно). Группа больных, у которых использовалась рассасывающаяся викриловая сетка, показала худшие результаты по сравнению с группами, где использовались нерассасывающиеся сетки, частота рецидивов в этой группе составила 20 %. Индекс качества жизни через 48 месяцев наблюдения был достоверно выше у больных, у которых использовались сетчатые имплантаты. Индекс DeMeester в I группе больных составил 18,8 и был выше, чем в группах больных с применением сеток.
Ретроперитонеоскопічна резекція нирки з передопераційною селективною емболізацією та флуоресцентною візуалізацією ниркових судин. Аналіз післяопераційних ускладнень
Authors: Dumanskiy U. V. , Balashova O. I. , Reshetniak S. O. , Kavetsky R. E.
Published: November 2020

Мета роботи: провести аналіз післяопераційних ускладнень у хворих на локальний рак нирки після проведення ретроперитонеоскопічної резекції нирки з передопераційною селективною емболізацією та флуоресцентною візуалізацією ниркових судин.

Матеріали і методи. Ми прооперували 25 хворих на локальний рак нирки та виконали аналіз зареєстрованих післяопераційних ускладнень.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Всім хворим на локальний нирково-клітинний рак нирки виконано резекцію нирки (ZERO ishemia) з використанням інтраопераційної флуоресцентної візуалізації в режимі інфрачервоної ділянки спектра за допомогою індоціаніну зеленого (Indocyanine green). На передопераційному етапі всім хворим виконували суперселективну рентгеноваскулярну емболізацію.

Аналіз ускладнень проводили за загальноприйнятою шкалою післяопераційних ускладнень Клав’єн–Діндо.

 Під час виконання хірургічних втручань ускладнень не спостерігали. На передопераційному етапі зареєстровано одне, у післяопераційному етапі – лише 3 ускладнення (12 %). Всі ускладення були І-ІІ ступеня та не потребували повторної хірургічної корекції і не впливали на тривалість перебування в реанімаційному відділені та хірургічному стаціонарі, не призводили до проведення таких додаткових маніпуляцій та процедур, як гемотрансфузії, ендоскопічні та інтервеційні радіологічні втручання.

Проведений аналіз зареєстрованих післяопераційних ускладнень після виконаної ретроперитонеоскопічної резекції з використанням передопераційної рентгеноваскулярної емболізації та інтраопераційної флуоресцентної візуалізації в режимі інфрачервоної ділянки спектра за допомогою індоціаніну зеленого (Indocyanine green) з певною часткою достовірності дає підстави з урахуванням безпосередньої ефективності та практично повної відсутності інтра- і післяопераційних ускладнень рекомендувати переваги даної хірургічної методики.

Наведені дані свідчать, що використання суперселективної рентгеноваскулярної емболізації та інтраопераційної флуоресцентної візуалізації в хірургічному лікуванні локалізованого раку нирки порівняно зі “стандартним” методом хірургічного лікування має суттєві переваги. Ми вбачаємо перспективність продовження вивчення та впровадження запропонованого алгоритму обстеження та лікування хворих на локальний рак нирки.
Ефективність збагаченої тромбоцитами плазми крові в індукції загоєння м’язової тканини в експериментальному дослідженні
Authors: Dzhyvak V. H. , Klishch I. M.
Published: November 2020

Мета роботи: вивчити в експерименті вплив збагаченої тромбоцитами плазми крові в індукції загоєння м’язової тканини після травматичного ураження.
Матеріали і методи. Експеримент проведено на 92 лабораторних щурах, які знаходились на стандартному раціоні віварію. Дослідні тварини були розділені на три групи: контроль – 12 інтактні, перша дослідна група – 40 із травматичним ураженням м’язів стегна без введення збагаченої тромбоцитами плазми крові, друга дослідна група – 40 з травматичним ураженням м’язів стегна та введенням збагаченої тромбоцитами плазми крові. Приготування PRP відбувалося двохетапно. Було проаналізовано вплив корекції збагаченої тромбоцитами плазми крові на зміни пероксидного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) та антиоксидантного захисту (АОС) і морфологічні зміни в м’язовій тканині в експерименті при травматичному ураженні м’язів, яким проводилася корекція збагаченою тромбоцитами плазмою крові. Забір біологічного матеріалу проводили на 1-шу, 7-му, 14-ту, 21-шу доби після травматичного ураження м’язів.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що застосування збагаченої тромбоцитами плазми крові призводить до зменшення активності пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, що зумовлює зменшення ознак запалення в травмованому м’язі, які морфологічно проявляються на 7-му, 14-ту добу, 21-шу доби наступними змінами: на 7-му добу ділянка пошкодження була представлена помірними дистрофічними змінами в м’язових волокнах, незначним набряком та збільшенням кількості фібробластів. Через 14 діб візуалізувалась незначна кількість колагенової строми із сформованою грануляційною тканиною, залишкові явища набряку та поодинокі дистрофічні зміни м’язів, некротичні прояви не спостерігались. На 21-шу добу в ділянці пошкодження пухкі колагенові волокна заміщувались гіалінізованою стромою. Різко зменшувалась кількість лімфо- та плазмоцитів, фібробластів, опасистих клітин та практично зникав периваскулярний набряк. Чітко збереженими візуалізувались судини мікроциркуляторного русла. Покращувалась структура самих м’язових волокон: саркоплазма інтенсивніше сприймала барвники, ядра відновлювали свою локалізацію.
SERUM LIPID PROFILE AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN NON-DIPPERS
Authors: Bawa-Allah A.B. , Mashao M. M. , Nyundu T. F. , Phukubje E. M. , Nkosi B. G. , Ngema M. V. , Mlambo B. W. , Maseko M. J.
Published: November 2020

Background. A non-dipping blood pressure profile (NDP) is associated with increased arterial stiffness and other cardiovascular target organ damage. Serum lipid profiles have been shown to be important determinants of arterial stiffness.

Objective. The aim of the research was to assess serum lipid profiles and arterial stiffness in non-dippers.

Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted involving 796 (288 males and 508 females) participants of black African origin. A twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring was done using a Spacelabs 90207 (Spacelabs Inc., Redmond, Washington, USA) monitor. Carotid-Femoral pulse wave velocity measurements were performed using a high fidelity SPC-301 micromanometer (Millar instruments Inc., Houston, TX).

Results. Of the 288 males, 140 were classified as non-dippers. Of the 508 females, 273 were classified as non-dippers. In the general population, males had higher triglycerides when compared with females 1.46±0.96 vs 1.13±1.02, p<0.0001. Additionally, dipper males had higher serum TRGL when compared with dipper females 1.32±0.98 vs 1.06±0.58, p = 0.0012. Non-dipper males also had higher serum TRGL when compared with non-dipper females 1.61±2.05 vs 1.19±1.14, p=0.0078. Serum HDLc was lower in the non-dipper male group when compared to the non-dipper female group (p=0.008). In both male and female groups, non-dippers had higher CFPWV when compared with dippers; 7.53±3.60 vs 5.74±2.47, p<0.0001 and 6.64±2.52 vs 5.98±2.23, p=0.0021 respectively. However, non-dipper males had significantly higher CFPWV when compared with non-dipper females (7.53±3.60 vs 6.64±2.52, p=0.0031).

Conclusions. Therapies targeting a reduction of serum triglycerides levels might be beneficial in improving arterial compliance with or without the presence of non-dipping.
MORPHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF SPERMATOGENIC EPITHELIOCYTES STRUCTURE UNDER THE RUBOMYCIN INFLUENCE IN RATS
Authors: Hnatiuk M. S. , Konovalenko S. О. , Tatarchuk L. V. , Yasinovsky О. B.
Published: November 2020

Background. Over the last 20 years, the quality of men’s sperm around the world has deteriorated twice. The causes are poor environment, stress, sedentary lifestyle, prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, obesity, alcohol abuse and various stimulants. The structure and function of the testes, when exposed to various drugs and chemicals, attracts the attention of present researchers.
Objectives. The aim of the research was to study the structural changes of the spermatogenic epithelium in testicular damage caused by rubomycin hydrochloride.
Methods. The spermatogenic epithelium of the testes of 30 white adult white male rats, which were divided into 2 groups, was morphometrically examined. The 1st group comprised 15 experimental intact animals, the 2nd – 15 rats, in which testicular damage with rubomycin hydrochloride was simulated. Euthanasia of rats was performed by bloodletting under thiopental anesthesia one month after the experiment beginning. Quantitative morphological parameters were statistically processed. In spermatocytes of the 1st P-order, spermatogonia and spermatids of testes, their height, diameter of nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and relative volumes of damaged cells of spermatogenic epithelium were evaluated.
Results. It was established that spermatogenic epithelial cells were damaged in the simulated experimental conditions, which was morphometrically confirmed by changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic relations in the 1st, 2nd order spermatocytes, spermatogonia and spermatids. The relative volumes of damaged spermatogenic epithelial cells also increased significantly. The most significant morphometric parameters were altered in spermatids. Thus, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the studied cells was statistically significantly (p <0.001) increased by 7.4% compared with the similar control morphometric parameter. The relative volume of damaged spermatids in these experimental conditions reached (32.50±0.18) %, which with a high statistically significant difference (p<0.001) exceeded the same control value in almost 15.8 times. Optically, histological preparations of the testes showed severe vascular disorders, characterized by dilation and plethora mostly of venous vessels, which pointed to violation of venous drainage of the studied organs.
Conclusions. According to the attained research results it has been established that nuclear-cytoplasmic relations are an objective and valuable informative indicator of a functional condition of cells and their structural changes in pathological conditions. When rubomycin hydrochloride is exposed to experimental animals, the most significant changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic relations are found in spermatic spermatozoa.
WEB-BASED 5-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC PORTFOLIO (5DEP) AS A COMPETENCY-BASED ASSESSMENT TOOL IN POST-GRADUATE MEDICAL TRAINING
Authors: Bokhua Z. , Chelidze K. , Ebralidze K.
Published: November 2020

Background. New challenges of permanently changing context of healthcare system requires new methods of medical education and new assessment tools, as well. Competency-based Medical Education (CBME), framework which has been adopted as a new approach in medical education, needs appropriate assessment tool such as portfolio. Portfolio is learner-centered assessment instrument which evaluates learner’s progression towards outcomes and enables both residents and teachers to engage in a process of learning through assessment.

Objective. In this paper we aim to share our successful experience of an effective use of web-based 5-Dimensional Electronic Portfolio (5DeP) as an assessment tool in the Pilot Group.

Methods. Pilot Group of sixteen residents (six first year residents of Obstetrics/Gynecology and ten first year residents of Internal Medicine. Tbilisi State Medical University Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Continuous Professional Development) and twelve mentors (four Obstetrics/Gynecology mentor and eight Internal Medicine mentors) reported some feedback about 5-Dimensional Electronic Portfolio (5DeP) as a new assessment tool.

Results. Feedback about 5-Dimensional Electronic Portfolio (5DeP) as a new assessment tool from mentors and students demonstrated efficiency of the program. It enables assessment within a framework of transparent and declared criteria and learning objectives; provides a model for lifelong learning and continuing professional development; increases competence in a wider context with benefits to both professional and personal roles; improves organizing skills.

Conclusions. 5DeP have been recognized as an extremely effective assessment tool.
ЯКІСНА МЕДИЧНА (ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНА) ОСВІТА: ЇХАТИ НАВЧАТИСЯ ЗА КОРДОН ЧИ ЗМІНЮВАТИ СИСТЕМУ ПІДГОТОВКИ В УКРАЇНІ? ЧАСТИНА 1. ЯКІСТЬ ОСВІТИ ЧЕРЕЗ ЗМІНИ У ПРОЦЕДУРІ ВСТУПНОЇ КАМПАНІЇ
Authors: Shulhai A. H. , Zahrychuk H. Ya. , Mykhalkiv M. M. , Ivanusa I. B.
Published: November 2020

Соціально вагомими кроками України в питанні європейської інтеграції є заходи щодо реформування законодавства з вищої освіти в контексті Болонського процесу, зокрема прийняття Національної рамки кваліфікацій (НРК) та нової редакції Закону України «Про вищу освіту». Національна рамка кваліфікацій передбачає «введення європейських стандартів і принципів забезпечення якості освіти з урахуванням вимог ринку праці до компетентностей фахівців». За формальними ознаками НРК є матрицею зі статичними опорними елементами – дескрипторами, що визначають вектор руху до певної мети. Нормативно-правовою основою для модернізації освітньої діяльності та стандартів вищої освіти стала нова редакція Закону України «Про вищу освіту». В публікації розглянуті питання, які, на думку авторів, доцільно прийняти на рівні держави, із врахуванням зарубіжного досвіду, що в цілому мають сприяти підвищенню якості вищої медичної (фармацевтичної) освіти з метою підготовки високо­квалі­фікованого конкурентоспроможного фахівця на основі компетентнісного підходу через процедуру відкритого конкурентного вступу на навчання. Що вже зроблено? 1. В системі вищої медичної (фармацевтичної) освіти на даний час розроблені стандарти нового покоління на основі компетентнісного підходу практично для всіх освітніх рівнів спеціальностей галузі знань 22 «Охорона здоров’я». 2. З метою формування якісного контингенту абітурієнтів на рівні Міністерства освіти і науки (МОН) України встановлено прохідний бал з другого та третього предметів зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання (ЗНО) на рівні 150 балів при вступі на спеціальності 221 «Стоматологія», 222 «Медицина» та 228 «Педіатрія» галузі знань 22 «Охорона здоров’я». Що ще необхідно зробити? 1. Одним із шляхів більш якісного відбору абітурієнтів пропонується все-таки запровадити в систему ЗНО поряд із предметним тестуванням ще й апробований тест загальної навчальної компетентності (здатності до навчання). 2. Є потреба у введенні персональних грантів. За результатами ЗНО абітурієнти будуть отримувати персональні гранти (чим вищий бал, тим більший розмір гранту). Гроші будуть безпосередньо прив’язані до реального студента, який матиме право вступити як до державного, так і приватного закладу вищої освіти (ЗВО), що, у свою чергу, спонукатиме вище керівництво ЗВО підвищувати якість та конкурентність освіти свого ЗВО, боротися за абітурієнтів з вищим конкурсним балом.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНУ ДЛЯ ЛІКАРІВ-ІНТЕРНІВ-СТОМАТОЛОГІВ У РОЗДІЛІ «КАРІЄС»
Authors: Skrypnykov P. M. , Shynkevych V. I. , Udaltsova-Hrodzynska K. O. , Pysarenko O. A.
Published: November 2020

На післядипломному етапі освіти у навчанні лікарів-інтернів важливою є підкреслена інтеграція знань етіології і факторів ризику карієсу з практичними заходами у вигляді менеджменту пацієнта з карієсом.

Метою статті був аналіз навчальної програми з теми «Карієс» і порівняння його із Міжнародною системою класифікації та менеджменту карієсу з метою вдосконалення теоретичних основ навчання.

Тематика «Карієс» при вивченні у ВНЗ подрібнена на численні теми, серед яких виокремлені теми профілактики. З процесу діагностики випадають ланки визначення факторів ризику, виявлення найменших каріозних дефектів, визначення активності карієсу, і залишається пошук власне дефекту зуба для подальшого відновлення. А прогноз обґрунтований індексами тесту емалевої резистентності (ТЕР) та/або КПВ.

Останнім часом у медицину увійшло поняття «менеджмент», яке полягає в комплексності діагностичних, лікувальних та профілактичних заходів, потрібних при встановленні діагнозу конкретному пацієнту. Міжнародна система класифікації та менеджменту карієсу (ICCMSTM) має за перспективи перетворити нинішнє міжнародне розуміння патогенезу, профілактики і контролю карієсу в цілісний спосіб комплексної оцінки й індивідуального плану «турботи» при карієсі, з метою: попередити появу нових вогнищ ураження, попередити вже існуючі ураження від подальшого розвитку, зберегти тканини зуба без оперативного втручання на початкових стадіях карієсу, і за допомогою оперативного лікування – при більш розвинених стадіях карієсу. Це має досягатися при управлінні факторами ризику через всі елементи в циклі менеджменту карієсу і повторних візитів пацієнта з відповідними інтервалами для періодичного контролю та огляду.

Нові відомості необхідно імплементувати на додипломних і післядипломних етапах медичної освіти, щоб лікарі та викладачі могли розмовляти спільною мовою.
Impact of Catheter Ablation on Sleep Quality and Relationship Between Sleep Stability and Recurrence of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation After Successful Ablation: 24‐Hour Holter‐Based Cardiopulmonary Coupling Analysis
Authors: Kim Woohyeun , Na Jin Oh , Thomas Robert J. , Jang Won Young , Kang Dong Oh , Park Yoonjee , Choi Jah Yeon , Roh Seung‐Young , Choi Cheol Ung , Kim Jin Won , Kim Eung Ju , Rha Seung‐Woon , Park Chang Gyu , Seo Hong Seog , Lim Hong Euy
Published: November 2020

Background

Sleep fragmentation and sleep apnea are common in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated the impact of radio‐frequency catheter ablation (RFCA) on sleep quality in patients with paroxysmal AF and the effect of a change in sleep quality on recurrence of AF.

Methods and Results

Of 445 patients who underwent RFCA for paroxysmal AF between October 2007 and January 2017, we analyzed 225 patients who had a 24‐hour Holter test within 6 months before RFCA. Sleep quality was assessed by cardiopulmonary coupling analysis using 24‐hour Holter data. We compared cardiopulmonary coupling parameters (high‐frequency coupling, low‐frequency coupling, very‐low‐frequency coupling) before and after RFCA. Six months after RFCA, the high‐frequency coupling (marker of stable sleep) and very‐low‐frequency coupling (rapid eye movement/wake marker) was significantly increased (29.84%–36.15%;
P
<0.001; and 26.20%–28.76%;
P
=0.002, respectively) while low‐frequency coupling (unstable sleep marker) was decreased (41.25%–32.13%;
P
<0.001). We divided patients into 3 tertiles according to sleep quality before RFCA, and the risk of AF recurrence in each group was compared. The second tertile was used as a reference; patients with unstable sleep (Tertile 3) had a significantly lower risk of AF recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12–0.83 for high‐frequency coupling; and HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09–0.58 for low‐frequency coupling).

Conclusions

Sleep quality improved after RFCA in patients with paroxysmal AF. The recurrence rate was significantly lower in patients who had unstable sleep before RFCA. These results suggest that RFCA can influence sleep quality, and sleep quality assessment before RFCA may provide a risk marker for recurrence after RFCA in patients with paroxysmal AF.
Requests from the Indies. Asian Agency in the VOC’s Currency Supply to Eighteenth-Century Java
Authors: Feenstra Alberto
Published: November 2020

This paper reconstructs the chain of demand for cash from Asia to the Dutch Republic in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It shows that the Javanese’s currency preferences were visible in the exports from Europe. The growing Dutch involvement in Javanese society from the 1680s increased and transformed the composition of the currencies requested from the Dutch Republic, towards more smaller denomination coins. The paper also demonstrates that with regard to the money supply, considerations of state prevailed over purely business interests. The limitations to the Dutch power forced them to adjust to the local power holders their currency preferences.
The 2007-2009 Financial Crisis
Authors: García-Rivero Carlos , Kotzé Hennie
Published: November 2020

Analysis of democratic legitimacy has generally focused on two different perspectives. Minimalist definitions of democracy focus on procedures, liberties and rights, whereas substantive definitions focus on how such a regime improves citizens’ general welfare. Democracies have enjoyed decades of prosperity. Hence, the impact of a lack of economic wellbeing has been difficult to analyse and, consequently, the weight of substantive issues in democratic legitimacy remains unexplored. However, the impact of the recent financial crisis allows us to measure how elites and citizenry of seven countries on four different continents evaluated the importance of political versus economic issues for the level of democracy in their countries. The analysis is based on public and political elite surveys conducted in 2006 and in 2013.
Describing the Future Battlefield: A Study Concerning the Prussian General Staff’s Tasks Regarding Theatres of War (1816–1848)
Authors: Jędrysiak Jacek
Published: November 2020

In 1816 the Prussian General Staff (gs) became one of the institutions responsible for the Kingdom’s defence planning. During this time, the institution was comprised of three sections, the so-called Kriegstheater (Theatres of War), which were to prepare against the military threat posed by France, Austria and Russia. According to instructions issued in 1816, the gs was to assist commanders in every aspect of their decision-making process and serve as the army’s main research centre. General Karl von Grolman, who served as Chief of the General Staff between 1816 and 1819, believed that the defence plan should be preliminary, very thorough and based on accurate descriptions of the theatres of war. Contrary to often-repeated claims, his successors did not introduce major changes to the internal structure of the gs until 1848. The aim of this article is to bring the existing literature up to date regarding this task of the Prussian General Staff.
New species of bristletails of the family Machilidae (Microcoryphia) from caves in Abkhazia and Ukraine
Authors: KAPLIN VLADIMIR , VARGOVITSH ROBERT S.
Published: November 2020

Two new species of bristletails of the family Machilidae are described from caves in the Western Caucasus (troglophile Coryphophthalmus troglophilus sp. nov.) and in the Eastern Carpathians (trogloxene Trigoniophthalmus ukrainensis sp. nov.). The main morphological adaptations of C. troglophilus sp. nov. to life in caves include green eye color; weak body pigmentation; well-developed arolium and claws; relatively long cerci, tarsae and tibiae of the hind legs; long apical needles of the urostyli; large sublateral spines on urocoxites IX. C. troglophilus sp. nov. resembles C. abchasicus (Kaplin, 2017), but they are distinguishable in color of eyes, ratio of eye contact to length, length of cerci, structures of the labial palps, legs, urocoxites IX, ovipositor, and parameres. Trigoniophthalmus ukrainensis sp. nov. has no recognized morphological adaptations to life in caves. This species resembles T. alternatus (Silvestri, 1910), but they are easily distinguished in the number of annuli in distal chains of flagellum, ratio of width to length of paired ocelli, chaetotaxy of male maxillary and labial palps.
The use of humour in diplomatic tweets: The affiliative potential of ridicule
Authors: Kopper Akos
Published: November 2020

Today diplomacy increasingly relies on tweets. Yet, as tweets only allow for 280 characters, statements must be brief and impactful, which encourages the use of humour in conveying one’s message. This article scrutinizes irony and ridicule in diplomatic interactions. Even though these forms of humour may antagonize parties and even turn issues into a security concern, this article points out that they also have an affiliative aspect and could play a conflict-mediating role. Because humour, especially irony, is easy to misunderstand (especially in cross-cultural settings), many warn against using them in diplomatic exchanges. Nevertheless, I will argue that they are ideal for expressing multi-layered messages, enabling the speaker to rely on what is often called ‘constructive ambiguity’, which is often useful in diplomatic conduct. Two case studies illustrate the argument. The first focuses on cartoons ridiculing President Wilson in the early 20th century for his reluctance to commit the US to join WWI (suggesting that cartoons of the time might be predecessors of today’s tweets), and the second on tweets published by the British Embassy in London apropos of the Skripal case (offering an example how humorous tweets can convey multi-layered, complex messages).
Connecting the medieval and the mobile: The case of Crusader Acre
Authors: Houle J. Lucien D.
Published: November 2020

The city of Acre functioned as a medieval hub city under Crusader rule from 1104 to 1291 CE. Using the records of both pilgrims and merchants, I argue that medieval networks of mobility running through Acre demonstrate unique features that can challenge and expand the definitions of sociological terms employed by historians such as “hub city” and “resilience” that have mainly been deployed in a modern context. In addition, I argue that debates among medieval historians about the “decline” of cities can be better understood from the perspective of a mobilities methodology. Combined, these two arguments reveal the potential for cooperative research between the fields of transport history and premodern history.
Exploring the Similarity Between Implicit and Explicit Prosody: Prosodic Phrasing and Individual Differences
Authors: Bishop Jason
Published: November 2020

In recent years, work carried out in the context of the implicit prosody hypothesis (IPH) has called into question the assumption that implicit (i.e., silently generated) prosody and explicit (overtly produced) prosody are similar in form. Focusing on prosodic phrasing, the present study explored this issue using an individual differences approach, and using methods that do not rely on the sentence comprehension tests characteristic of work within the IPH program. A large group of native English speakers participated in a production experiment intended to identify individual differences in average prosodic phrase length, phonologically defined. We then explored whether these (explicit) prosodic differences were related to two other kinds of variation, each with a connection to implicit prosody. First, we tested whether individual differences in explicit prosodic phrase length were predicted by individual differences in working memory capacity, a relationship that has been established for implicit prosody. Second, we explored whether participants’ explicit prosodic phrase lengths were predictive of their behavior in a silent-reading task in which they had to identify their own implicit prosodic groupings. In both cases, the findings are argued to be consistent with a similarity between explicit and implicit prosody. First, participants with higher working memory capacity (as estimated by reading spans) were associated with longer prosodic phrases. Second, participants who produced longer explicit prosodic phrases in speech tended to report generating longer prosodic phrases in silent reading. Implications for the nature of implicit prosody, and how it can be studied, are discussed.
Faith-based responses to homelessness in Greater Seattle: A grounded theory approach
Authors: Mejido Costoya Manuel , Breen Margaret
Published: November 2020

This article reports on the key findings of a 2-year study of faith-based responses to homelessness in Greater Seattle (the United States). Leveraging opportunities and negotiating constraints through experimentation, congregations, and faith-based non-profits, in different ways, are striving to blend local knowledge and professional knowledge, the adaptability of bottom-up civic engagement and the complexities of top-down programming to rethink homelessness interventions. After considering this picture of faith-based organizations (FBOs) as community problem solvers, we sketch three case studies of innovative initiatives: the Network Builders program of Catholic Community Services of Western Washington-King County, the interfaith and cross-sectoral campaign against family homelessness spearheaded by Associated Ministries of Tacoma-Pierce County, and the Para-Navigator partnership between Everett Gospel Mission and the municipal government of Snohomish County.
Cardiogenic shock with first-degree heart block in a patient with glyphosate-surfactant poisoning
Authors: Ghosh Soumitra , Tale Sudheer , Kolli Mrudula , Kaur Sumanpreet , Garbhapu Anil , Bhalla Ashish
Published: November 2020

Glyphosate is a commonly used non-selective herbicide in agriculture and aquafarms. Gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms are predominant manifestations of glyphosate poisoning. Cardiac dysfunction should be kept as a possibility in patients presenting with shock, and the treatment is mainly supportive. We present such a case.
The Association Between Sleep and Late Life Hoarding
Authors: Dozier Mary E. , Speed Katrina J. , Davidson Eliza J. , Bolstad Courtney J. , Nadorff Michael R. , Ayers Catherine R.
Published: November 2020

Sleep problems are associated with many different forms of psychopathology in late life; however, there is currently a gap in the literature on the association between sleep quality and hoarding in older adults. This secondary data analysis of 40 older adults with hoarding disorder examined the association between sleep and hoarding, change in sleep disturbance following treatment, and the impact of sleep on treatment response. Sleep disturbance was correlated with hoarding severity, and this association remained significant when controlling for inability to sleep in a bed due to clutter in a multiple regression analysis. Following treatment, there was no change in sleep disturbance using a paired t-test, and baseline sleep disturbance was not correlated with change in hoarding severity. Future studies on the potential impact of sleep disturbance on hoarding treatment in older adults should examine if targeting sleep issues adjunctively could lead to improved sleep and improved treatment adherence/efficacy.
Dynamic capabilities and performance of emerging market international new ventures: Does international entrepreneurial culture matter?
Authors: Buccieri Dominic , Javalgi Raj G , Jancenelle Vivien E
Published: November 2020

This article examines the phenomenon of dynamic capabilities in international new ventures (INVs) from emerging markets. While this research stream is gaining traction, the literature is fragmented as to how INVs from emerging markets develop dynamic capabilities to overcome resource constraints and legitimacy issues. The authors highlight the importance of a comprehensive international entrepreneurial culture (IEC) to better understand how these INVs develop dynamic capabilities and foster international performance. This study draws on organisational learning and the knowledge-based view (KBV) to examine the role of IEC in shaping dynamic capabilities and international performance under various levels of market turbulence. To conduct our analyses, this study uses a sample of INVs from India – a key emerging market. The results indicate that IEC shapes dynamic capabilities and both support superior international performance. The findings also confirm the utility of IEC towards dynamic capabilities and international performance when operating in turbulent markets.
Socioeconomic Dynamics in Women’s Access and Utilization of Health Technologies in Rural Nigeria
Authors: Aronu Ngozi Idemili , Atama Chiemezie S. , Chukwu Ngozi E , Ijeoma Igwe
Published: November 2020

Background

Technology has become a powerful tool for resolving women’s health problems hence women’s access and use of healthcare technologies have become an important aspect of the Sustainable Development Goals. Though health technologies have improved the lives of women worldwide, in Nigeria, especially in rural settings, use of health technologies remains low. The objective of this study was to examine the socioeconomic dynamics that influence the use of health technologies by women in rural Nigeria.

Methods

A cross sectional survey using qualitative methods to collect data from 147 purposively selected women (15–65 years) was conducted in three rural Local Government Areas in Enugu State. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and In-depth interview guides were used to collect information from 147 purposively selected women and healthcare workers on access and use of health technologies among women in rural communities. Thematic analytic method was used to analyze the data.

Results

The data gathered revealed that there was unavailability of health technologies in some communities studied while many had skeletal provision of health technologies. Bad road networks, cost of transportation and unavailability of health technologies impacted on access. Low socioeconomic status of rural women influenced their use of health technologies.

Conclusion

Health technologies especially diagnostic technologies are not available in rural communities. Women cannot access what is not available. The study recommends need for the provision of these lifesaving technologies at little or no cost.
Personal Determinants of Burden Among Indonesian Female Caregivers of Older Adults in Taiwan
Authors: Troy Carol , Tjin Anna , Perez C. John J. , Liu Jeng
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Families increasingly employ foreign domestic workers (FDWs) to care for older loved ones. Caregiver burden reflects FDWs’ difficulty adapting to work demands. We test hypothesized associations between burden and six personal characteristics: children, marriage, education, Chinese proficiency, eldercare experience, and non-eldercare experience.

Method

In total, 299 Indonesian FDWs in Taiwan completed the Zarit Burden Interview. Exploratory factor analysis identified the dimensions of burden. Multiple and multinomial regressions related the variables to overall burden, burden dimensions, and burden severity.

Results

Four dimensions were found: personal strain, role strain, dependency, and guilt. Children were negatively associated with burden, role strain, dependency, and guilt. Chinese proficiency was negatively associated with severity and guilt. Eldercare experience was positively associated with severity and personal strain. Marriage was non-monotonically related to severity.

Conclusion

Caregivers whose earnings benefit their children may be more likely to thrive in Taiwan. Language training may boost caregiver performance and host family satisfaction.
OSHA Voluntary Respirator Use: Challenges incurred with use of N95 filtering facepiece respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gibbs Jenna L , Nonnenmann Matthew W
Published: November 2020

This article discusses several lessons learned in dealing with the interpretation of the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) Voluntary Use provision of the Respiratory Health Standard at health-care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. This includes (but is not limited to) (a) confusion about OSHA policy and procedures when health-care workers brought outside personal protective equipment (PPE; N95 filtering facepiece respirators) into the workplace; (b) challenges in adhering to guidelines stated in Appendix D of the Respiratory Protection Standard; (c) difficulty in achieving respirator fit testing for workers; and (d) vague or inconsistent determination of “non-hazardous” environments (concerning COVID-laden droplets and aerosols). The purpose was to identify gaps in knowledge to help policy makers, enforcement personnel, safety managers, and health-care workers in the United States prepare for similar future events involving PPE shortages.
Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy Use in Palliative Care Outpatients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Wadhwa Deepa , Hausner David , Popovic Gordana , Pope Ashley , Swami Nadia , Maganti Manjula , Zimmermann Camilla
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate factors associated with continuation of systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) after palliative care consultation, and SACT administration in the last 30 days of life, in outpatients with cancer referred to palliative care. Timing of referral was of particular interest.

Methods:

Patient, disease, and treatment-related factors associated with SACT before and after palliative care, and in the last 30 days of life, were identified using 3-level multinomial logistic regression. Referral to palliative care was categorized by time from death as early (>12 months), intermediate (6-12 months), and late (≤6 months).

Results:

Of the 337 patients, 240 (71.2%) received SACT for advanced cancer; of these, 126 (52.5%) received SACT only prior to palliative care while 114 (47.5%) also received SACT afterward. Only 35/337 (10.4%) received SACT in the last 30 days of life. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with continuing SACT after palliative care consultation were a cancer diagnosis for <1 year (OR 3.09, p = 0.01), breast primary (OR 11.88, p = 0.0008), and early (OR 28.8, p < 0.001) or intermediate (OR 6.67, p < 0.001) referral timing. No factors were significantly associated with receiving SACT in the last 30 days versus earlier, but the median time from palliative care referral to death in those receiving SACT in the last 30 days versus stopping SACT earlier was 1.78 versus 4.27 months.

Conclusion:

Patients who received SACT following palliative care consultation were more likely to be referred early; however, patients receiving SACT in their last 30 days tended to be referred late.
Design and kinematic analysis of flapping wing mechanism for common swift inspired micro aerial vehicle
Authors: Chellapurath Mrudul , Noble Sam , Sreejalekshmi KG
Published: November 2020

The article presents a novel flapping wing mechanism for Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) inspired by one of the most efficient flyers of the aerial world, the Common swift ( Apus apus). The flight characteristics such as wing beat frequency, wing beat amplitude, and fore and aft movements, as well as wing rotation of the bird at a flight speed 8 m /s, were studied. The common swift rotates its hand wing keeping the pitch of the arm wing constant during the entire wingbeat cycle. The hand wing undergoes forward rotation during the downstroke and backward rotation during the upstroke. This complex wing kinematics enables swift to generate various unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms. Using the geometric and kinematic details, a flapping wing mechanism that emulates the wing kinematics of the bird was designed. The flapping wing mechanism based on the epicyclic ellipsograph mechanism presented herein integrates flapping motion, fore and aft motion, and selective wing rotation. Importantly, this fully constrained mechanism allows performing all the key kinematic motions of the common swift with a single actuator. A kinematic model of the mechanism is presented to calculate the design parameters based on the scale of the MAV. Kinematic simulation of the mechanism is also presented to verify the design.
Flow responses alteration by geometrical effects of tubercles on plates under the maximal angle of attack
Authors: Mu KS , Kueh ABH , Shek PN , Mohd Haniffah MR , Tan BC
Published: November 2020

Plates with leading-edge tubercles experience beneficially more gradual aerodynamics stalling when entering the post-stall regime. Little is known, however, about the corresponding aquatic flow responses when these tubercles-furnished plates are subjected to the maximal angle of attack, with the flow direction perpendicular to their planar area. Hence, this study presents numerically, by means of the flow behavior solver ANSYS, the flow responses alteration in terms of the geometrical effects of tubercles on plates through changes in amplitudes (5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm) and wavelengths (50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm) under the maximal angle of attack in comparison to a control case, i.e., without tubercles. Additional to the commonly examined flow velocity and pressure, characteristics such as wake (area, reattachment length, flow recirculation intensity) and newly defined downstream vortical parameters (area, perimeter, and Feret diameters) for the vortex region have been proposed and assessed. It is found that the drag increases with the tubercle wavelength but corresponds inversely with the tubercle amplitude. By correlating with the best beneficial velocity and pressure profiles, it has been characterized that the optimally performing plate is the one that generates the greatest flow recirculation intensity, wake area, and reattachment length, corresponding to the capability to produce also the highest vortical area, perimeter, and major Feret diameter. Compared to the control case, all plates with tubercles alter beneficially these flow behaviors. In conclusion, plates with tubercles contribute favorably to the flow behaviors under the maximal angle of attack compared to the control case while the newly proposed downstream parameters could serve capably as alternatives in corroborating the flow physics description in future studies.
Failure time prognosis in manufacturing process using multi-dislocated time series convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Bohao , Zhao Liping , Yao Yiyong
Published: November 2020

Failure time prognosis in manufacturing process plays a crucial role in guaranteeing manufacturing safety and reducing maintenance loss. However, most current prognosis methods face great difficulty when handling massive data collected from manufacturing process. Convolutional neural network (CNN) provides an effective way to extract features with massive data. Due to the difference between images and multisensory signals, CNN is not suitable for machining process. Inspired by the idea of CNN, a novel prognosis framework is proposed based on the characteristics of multisensory signals, which is called multi-dislocated time series convolutional neural network (MDTSCNN). The proposed MDTSCNN is composed of multi-dislocate layer, convolutional layer, pooling layer and fully connected layer. By adding a multi-dislocate layer, this model can learn the relationship between different signals and different intervals in periodic multisensory signals. The effectiveness of proposed method is validated by a milling process. Compared to other prognosis method, the proposed MDTSCNN shows enhanced performances in prediction accuracy.
Teaching Virtual and Cross-Cultural Collaborations: Exploring Experiences of Croatia- and U.S.-Based Undergraduate Students
Authors: Vidovic Maya , Hammond Michelle , Lenhardt Jenna , Palanski Michael , Olabisi Joy
Published: November 2020

Two important characteristics of contemporary teamwork are working with colleagues from diverse cultural backgrounds and working in virtual teams. Hence, preparing students to successfully navigate through the business world must include developing these two skills. To investigate learning for both cross-cultural and virtual collaboration, we conducted a cross-cultural virtual team experiential exercise with 635 undergraduate students comprising 189 teams. The exercise was part of Organizational Behavior classes at three university campuses—two in the United States and one in Croatia. Data analysis examining skills development and efficacy demonstrated a significant increase in virtual team efficacy for all students and a significant increase in cross-cultural efficacy for students in Croatia. Qualitative results point to differences in key lessons learned between U.S. and Croatian students, such as communication skills, time management skills, and intensity of the experience. We provide a description of the exercise, lessons learned, and suggestions for future use, including adaptations to smaller class sizes.
Judicial Merit Selection: Beliefs about Fairness and the Undermining of Gender Diversity on the Bench
Authors: Arrington Nancy B.
Published: November 2020

Much attention is paid to how mechanisms for selecting political officials shape which types of officials hold positions of power, but selection procedures do not always produce the desired outcomes. In the context of the judiciary, many expected “merit” selection procedures to facilitate the selection of women justices to the bench, an expectation that has not been realized. Applying theories of procedural fairness to judicial selection procedures, I argue that observers’ beliefs that merit selection procedures are more “fair” (relative to unilateral selection procedures) makes observers more accepting of all-male benches. Survey experimental evidence demonstrates that respondents do perceive merit selection procedures as more fair than gubernatorial selection procedures, a priori. In turn, respondents are less critical of all-male courts when judges are selected through a merit selection procedure. These findings contribute to our understanding of the ways in which (1) selection institutions shape prospects for gender diversity, (2) institutional design can have unintended consequences, and (3) procedural fairness can obscure accountabilituy for suboptimal outcomes.
Parallel Paths Through the Storm: Three Autoethnographic Sketches
Authors: White Jordan , Gloviczki Peter Joseph
Published: November 2020

In this article, we share three autoethnographic sketches about childhood experiences with stormy weather. We are a student–professor authorial team. Jordan wrote the first autoethnographic sketch, Dr. Gloviczki wrote the second autoethnographic sketch, and the pair coauthored the third autoethnographic sketch. We hope this article encourages future authorial teams to reflect on the ways that their childhood memories endure, intersect, and interact with one another in later life.