bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENCIPTAKAN SISTEM PELAYANAN PUBLIK YANG BAIK: STRATEGI REFORMASI BIROKRASI DALAM PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI
Authors: Anggraeni Tyas Dian
Published: September 2020

Pemerintah mempunyai peran yang cukup besar untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan dan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya. Salah satu wujud nyatanya adalah melalui penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik. Rendahnya komitmen pemerintah dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik yang berkualitas dan rentan terhadap tindakan korupsi, menurunkan kepercayaan masyarakat kepada negara. Dikalangan birokrasi sendiri sudah mendarah daging berbagai macam perilaku yang menjadi benih dari tindak pidana korupsi yang besar. Mental korup seakan sudah menjadi penyakit birokrasi dan susah untuk disembuhkan. Tulisan ini membahas potret buruknya pelayanan publik yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah yang mengarah kepada perbuatan tindak pidana korupsi serta membahas bagaimana memperbaiki pelayanan publik yang dilakukan oleh penyelenggara negara melalui kebijakan ditawarkan oleh Presiden terpilih Jokowi dengan menawarkan revolusi mental dalam rangka reformasi birokrasi. Dengan metode sosiolegal dapat disimpulkan bahwa, revolusi mental yang ditawarkan dapat di transformasikan ke dalam program reformasi birokrasi yang seolah-olah tidak pernah berhasil. Dibutuhkan komitmen serta model konkret dari seorang pemimpin guna mensukseskan program reformasi birokrasi. Untuk menjamin adanya keseragaman dalam implementasinya, reformasi birokrasi dapat dituangkan dalam bentuk sistem pembinaan yang dilakukan kepada penyelenggara negara.

Government has a big role to meet needs and welfare of its own society. As real contribution to the society through public services. Government’s lack of commitment to deliver quality public services and vulnerable to corrupt, lower society’s trust to the states. Among its bureaucracy ingrained wide range of behaviors that become seeds of huge corruption .Corruption mental seemed become bureaucracy’s complication and difficult to heal. This paper discuss the lack of public services performed by government which directing to criminal action also discusss how to improve public services run by state officials through policies offered by elected President Jokowi by offering mental revolution in order to reform the bureacracy. With sosiolegal method can be concluded that offered mental revolution can be transformed into a bureaucratic reform programs as if it never worked. It takes commitment and concrete models of a leader to succeed the bureaucratic reformation program . To ensure uniformity in implementing, bureaucratic reform can realized into character development system to the state officials firmly
KETERLIBATAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM POLITIK LEGISLASI NASIONAL
Authors: Bisariyadi Bisariyadi
Published: September 2020

Politik legislasi tidak semata berkutat di parlemen, prinsip pemisahan kekuasaan tidak lagi dimaknai secara kaku. Kecenderungan lembaga peradilan untuk terlibat dalam politik legislasi semakin besar dengan diadopsinya kewenangan judicial review. Beragam produk legislasi yang menyangkut hajat hidup orang banyak diuji oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penelitian ini bermaksud mencari bagaimana legitimasi konseptual atas keterlibatan lembaga peradilan dalam politik legislasi dengan melihat pada konsep judicialisation of politics melalui putusan-putusan peradilan di MK. Oleh sebab itu, penting untuk menganalisa putusan-putusan MK yang bernuansa politis dan mampu mempengaruhi politik legislasi nasional. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan nornatif, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan diadopsinya kewenangan pengujian UU terhadap UUD, MK telah menembus batas prinsip pemisahan kekuasaan. MK juga menjalankan fungsi legislasi dengan bertindak sebagai positive legislator . Legitimasi konseptual juga telah ditawarkan oleh para ahli hukum dan politik dengan merumuskan konsep judicialisation of politics . Dimasa mendatang, lembaga peradilan akan semakin cenderung terlibat dalam perkara-perkara menyangkut proses pengambilan kebijakan yang menyangkut kepentingan orang banyak dimana awalnya proses itu merupakan kewenangan eksklusif dari legislatif.

Political process of legislation is not only struggling in the parliament, the principle of separation of powers is no longer interpreted rigidly. The tendency of courts to engage political process of legislation are increasing with the adoption of a judicial review authority. Several different product of legislation concerning the lives of many people had been tested by the Constitutional Court. This study intends to find out how the conceptual legitimacy of the judiciary is involved in political process of legislation set out from the judicialisation of politics concept through decision of the Constitutional court. Therefore, it is important to analyze decisions made by The Constitutional Court with some political issues and able to influence political process of the legislation. Using normative approach, this study shows with adopting the power to examine Law against the Constitution, the Constitutional Court has been through the boundaries the principle of separation of powers. The Court also carry out its legislative function by acting as a positive legislator. Conceptual legitimacy has been offered by the legal and political experts to formulate the judicialisation of politics concept. In the future, the judiciary will be more likely to engage in policy making concerning the interests of the people which initially is exclusive authority of the legislative
EKSISTENSI PEMBENTUKAN HUKUM OLEH HAKIM DALAM DINAMIKA POLITIK LEGISLASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suhariyanto Budi
Published: September 2020

Secara normatif hakim Indonesia disebut sebagai Penegak hukum dan keadilan tidak sebatas corong undang-undang. Hakim wajib untuk menemukan, menggali dan membentuk hukum yang sesuai dengan nilai dan rasa keadilan masyarakat. Secara teoritis pembentukan hukum oleh Hakim pun diakui sebagai salah satu sumber hukum formil dalam sistem hukum Indonesia dan dapat diakomodasi oleh DPR (Positif Legislator) dalam pembaruan undang-undang. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk meneliti masalah eksistensi pembentukan hukum oleh hakim dalam dinamika politik legislasi (baik yang bersifat positif legislasi sebagaimana diwenangi oleh DPR bersama Presiden maupun negatif legislator yang diperankan oleh putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, diperoleh kesimpulan bahkan dalam konteks tertentu Hakim didorong untuk melakukan pembentukan hukum baru yang berfungsi sebagai a tool of social engineering . Jika pembentukan hukum oleh Hakim diikuti secara konstan oleh Hakim lain maka dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber hukum formil dalam sistem hukum nasional (yurisprudensi).

Normatively in Indonesia, a judge is also known as the law and justice enforcement agency, not just decided cases based on written law. Judges are obliged to discover, explore and establish a legal system that suitable with local values and sense of justice. Theoretically Judge Decisions (known also as Jurisprudence) are also recognized as one of the source of formal lawsin the Indonesian legal system and can be accommodated by the Parliament (Positive Legislators) in the renewal of the law. This paper intends to examine the existence of the Judge made laws in dynamic-political process of legislation (whether positive legislation that is ruled by the House of Representatives and the President or negative legislator who are ruled by the Constitutional Court). Using a normative-legal research method, the conclusion even in the context of a particular judges are encouraged to establish anew legal construction that intended as a tool of social engineering. If the judge-made law is followed constantly by other judges, it can be used as a source of formal law in the national legal system (jurisprudence).
KEDUDUKAN PERDAMAIAN SEBAGAI PENGHAPUS PEMIDANAAN GUNA MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN DALAM PEMBARUAN HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Suhariyanto Budi
Published: September 2020

Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Indonesia yang berlaku saat ini merupakan warisan dari Pemerintah Kolonial Hindia Belanda (Wetboek van Srafrecht). Filsafat pemidanaan yang dianutnya kurang selaras dengan prinsip hidup masyarakat, dimana perdamaian tidak dapat dijadikan dasar untuk melepaskan terdakwa dari pemidanaan. Pada praktiknya, hakim melakukan terobosan hukum dengan memutuskan pelepasan tuntutan pemidanaan bagi perkara yang telah diadakan perdamaian.  Tulisan ini bermaksud meneliti tentang kedudukan perdamaian dalam sistem pemidanaan yang dianut oleh hukum positif dan mengkaji putusan pengadilan yang melepaskan tuntutan pemidanaan berdasarkan perdamaian demi mewujudkan keadilan serta urgensi kedudukan perdamaian sebagai penghapus pemidanaan guna mewujudkan keadilan dalam pembaruan hukum pidana. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa secara normatif, perdamaian antara Pelaku dan Korban tidak dapat menjadi alasan pelepasan tuntutan pemidanaan. Akan tetapi dalam praktiknya terdapat putusan pengadilan yang menjadikan bukti perdamaian sebagai alasan melepaskan tuntutan pemidanaan dan selanjutnya dijadikan sebagai yurisprudensi oleh Mahkamah Agung. Yurisprudensi ini perlu dijadikan rujukan untuk melakukan pengembalian filosofi pemidanaan nasional sesuai dengan nilai Pancasila yang mendasarkan perdamaian sebagai salah satu alasan penghapusan pemidanaan dalam Rancangan KUHP.     
UPAYA PEMERINTAH DALAM MEREALISASIKAN KEMUDAHAN BERUSAHA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sinaga Edward James
Published: September 2020

Pemerintah memberikan perlindungan berusaha antara lain melalui kepastian hukum dan kemudahan berusaha. Berbagai permasalahan dalam pengaturan mengenai perseroan terbatas memperlambat peningkatan pembangunan ekonomi nasional dan iklim investasi serta kemudahan berusaha. Hasil survei kemudahan berusaha Bank Dunia awal tahun 2017, menempatkan Indonesia pada peringkat ke-91. Penelitian ini melalui metode yuridis normatif berupaya menganalisis beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur kegiatan berusaha di Indonesia terkait implikasi pengaturan dan,upaya perbaikan kemudahan berusaha, serta peran strategis Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam mendukung kemudahan berusaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukan peraturan perundang-undangan atau kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah telah memberikan dorongan para investor untuk menanamkan modalnya di Indonesia. Realisasi kemudahan berusaha telah dilakukan dengan memperkecil jumlah prosedur, mengurangi waktu pengurusan, dan mengurangi biaya dengan merevisi peraturan teknis di masing-masing kementerian dan lembaga terkait. Selain daripada itu guna mendukung kemudahan berusaha maka perlu segera merealisasikan perubahan pengaturan perseroan terbatas dan pengaturan kepailitan melalui pengubahan kedua pengaturan tersebut.
ROMANTISME SISTEM HUKUM DI INDONESIA : KAJIAN ATAS KONSTRIBUSI HUKUM ADAT DAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Aditya Zaka Firma
Published: September 2020

Sebagai negara hukum, Indonesia menganut tiga sistem hukum sekaligus yang hidup dan berkembang di masyarakat yakni sistem hukum civil,sistem hukum adat, dan sistem hukum Islam. Ketiga sistem hukum tersebut saling melengkapi, harmonis dan romantis. Hukum Islam mempengaruhi corak hukum di Indonesia karena mayoritas penduduk di Indonesia menganut agama Islam yang memungkinkan hukum Islam menjadi bagian yang penting dan berpengaruh dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia. Sedangkan hukum adat sebagai hukum yang asli yang tumbuh dan berkembang dari kebiasaan-kebiasaan masyarakat mempengaruhi proses berlakunya hukum di Indonesia. Bahkan, nilai-nilai yang terkandung dari hukum adat dan hukum Islam di Indonesia digunakan dalam pembentukan yurisprudensi di Mahkamah Agung. Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana hukum adat dan hukum Islam yang berkarakter “tidak tertulis” mampu mengisi legal gapdari sistem hukum civil Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan yakni pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan perbandingan, dan pendekatan sejarah. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa pluralisme hukum yang ada di Indonesia dapat menjadi solusi dari adanya legal gapyang tercipta karena kekakuan penerapan hukum civil. Kekakuan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan fleksibilitas dari norma dan nilai yang terdapat dalam hukum adat dan hukum Islam, sehingga dapat menciptakan ketertiban di masyarakat.
KAJIAN KRITIS ATAS KEWENANGAN PRESIDEN UNTUK MEMBATALKAN PERATURAN DAERAH DALAM OMNIBUS LAW
Authors: Tohadi Tohadi
Published: September 2020

Kebijakan Presiden Jokowi mengajukan metode omnibus law melalui RUU Cipta Kerja untuk menciptakan lapangan kerja patut diapresiasi. Namun demikian, harus tetap sejalan dengan prinsip negara demokrasi konstitusional (negara hukum) yang kita sepakati. Penelitian ini membahas Putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 tanggal 5 April 2017 dan Putusan MK No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 tanggal 14 Juni 2018 terkait pembatalan Perda dan pengaturan kewenangan Presiden untuk membatalkan Perda sebagaimana Pasal 166 angka 3 RUU Cipta Kerja yang mengubah ketentuan Pasal 251 UU Pemerintahan Daerah dikaitkan dengan kedua Putusan MK tersebut maupun menurut teori hukum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan atau data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan kedua putusan MK dalam pertimbangan hukumnya menyatakan bahwa pembatalan Perda dalam hal ini Perda Kabupaten/Kota dan/atau Perda Provinsi menjadi ranah kewenangan konstitusional Mahkamah Agung (MA). Pengaturan kewenangan Presiden untuk membatalkan Perda dalam RUU Cipta Kerja tidak tepat jika dianalisis dari teori hukum. Karena tidak sejalan dengan Putusan MK, ketentuan undang-undang terkait, dan kewenangan atributif yang dimiliki Mahkamah Agung (MA) sebagai lembaga yang berwenang secara konstitusional membatalkan Perda.
PERLUNYA PENGATURAN KHUSUS ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ODR) DI INDONESIA UNTUK FASILITASI PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA E-COMMERCE
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Faiz , Hidayah Muhamamd Arif
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan masif teknologi informasi selama hampir tiga dekade terakhir mendorong peningkatan transaksi e-commerce antar pihak hingga lintas batas. Peningkatan transaksi tersebut berpotensi terhadap peningkatan sengketa e-commerce. Sebagai antisipasi terhadap isu ini, Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) diciptakan. Dimulai pada 1990-an, ODR dianggap sebagai forum penyelesaian sengketa yang efisien, tanpa harus sidang tatap muka secara fisik (face-to-face meeting), berbiaya relatif rendah, dan bisa mencakup pihak yang berbeda negara. Di tingkat regional, ODR menjadi salah satu target keluaran dalam Rencana Aksi Strategis ASEAN untuk Pelindungan Konsumen (ASAPCP) 2016-2025. Di Indonesia, ODR sesungguhnya sudah mempunyai basis regulasinya, namun belum diatur secara spesifik. Meningkatnya transaksi e-commerce yang dilakukan oleh warga Indonesia akhir-akhir ini tentu saja berpotensi meningkatkan sengketa. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi isu hukum dan kelembagaan terkait ODR sekaligus untuk mendorong pengaturan yang khusus bagi ODR dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa bagi transaksi e-commerce. Melalui metode normatif yuridis, tulisan ini menganalisa perkembangan ODR di luar negeri, mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa ODR, pengaturan ODR di Indonesia, peluang dan tantangan, sertamerekomendasikan desain pengaturan atas ODR.
Estado del arte de la planeación de expansión de sistemas de transmisión
Authors: Palacios José
Published: September 2020

El crecimiento de la demanda en los sistemas eléctricos de potencia ha creado la necesidad de la expansión en todos sus niveles, el problema de la planeación de la óptima expansión de los sistemas eléctricos de transmisión es, considerar todos los factores y restricciones que se involucran como: confiabilidad, cargabilidad máxima, desviación angular, perfil de voltaje, método de resolución, contingencias y pérdida del sistema; en busca de una óptima expansión de los sistemas de transmisión la presente investigación es orientada hacia el método de flujos óptimos de potencia AC; por lo tanto, se realizó un levantamiento de información de artículos científicos relevantes que permitan ser la base del inicio de futuras investigaciones, permitiendo robustecer el sistema de transmisión a bajos costo, con el fin de mantener el sistema eléctrico de potencia con estabilidad y confiabilidad.
Levels, antecedents, and consequences of critical thinking among clinical nurses: a quantitative literature review
Authors: Lee Yongmi , Oh Younjae
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of critical thinking within the clinical nursing context. In this review, we addressed the following specific research questions: what are the levels of critical thinking among clinical nurses?; what are the antecedents of critical thinking?; and what are the consequences of critical thinking? A narrative literature review was applied in this study. Thirteen articles published from July 2013 to December 2019 were appraised since the most recent scoping review on critical thinking among nurses was conducted from January 1999 to June 2013. The levels of critical thinking among clinical nurses were moderate or high. Regarding the antecedents of critical thinking, the influence of sociodemographic variables on critical thinking was inconsistent, with the exception that levels of critical thinking differed according to years of work experience. Finally, little research has been conducted on the consequences of critical thinking and related factors. The above findings highlight the levels, antecedents, and consequences of critical thinking among clinical nurses in various settings. Considering the significant association between years of work experience and critical thinking capability, it may be effective for organizations to deliver tailored education programs on critical thinking for nurses according to their years of work experience.
Study on Hydrogen Diffusion and Sulfide Stress Cracking Behaviors of Simulated Heat-Affected Zone of A516-65 Grade Pressure Vessel Carbon Steel
Authors: Cho Dong Min , Park Jin-seong , Lee Jin Woo , Kim Sung Jin
Published: September 2020

Hydrogen diffusion and sulfide stress cracking of simulated heat-affected zone (HAZ) of A516- 65 grade steel were examined using an electrochemical permeation technique, glycerin volumetric method, and constant loading method. HAZ samples were fabricated using a metal thermal cycle simulator with a welding heat input of 20, 35, and 50 kJ/cm. The fractions of bainite and martensite-austenite (M-A) constituent in coarse-grained HAZ (CGHAZ) and intercritical HAZ (ICHAZ) obtained by a simulated thermal cycle with a low heat input (20 kJ/cm) were higher than those with a higher heat input. These fractions contributed to the increase in the reversible hydrogen trap density (N[H]rev) and reversibly trapped hydrogen concentrations (Crev). Although CGHAZ had higher N[H]rev and Crev meaning that it is more likely to be vulnerable to brittle failure by hydrogen, actual fracture by sulfide stress cracking (SSC) occurred in ICHAZ composed of a mixture of soft ferrite/pearlite, and hard bainite and M-A. The hydrogen diffusion/trapping parameters, which were obtained from the electrochemical permeation or glycerin method, cannot be directly indicative of the resistance to SSC of the steel in a H2S environment. The susceptibility to SSC was more influenced by the level of M-A-localization and localized corrosion attack, acting as a stress intensifier under a tensile load.
Facile Synthesis of ZnO Thin Films at Low Temperatures Using an Additive-Free Electrochemical Oxidation Method
Authors: Jo Euije , Kim Dongwan , Leem Jae-Young
Published: September 2020

Because of their simplicity and low equipment costs, various oxidation methods can be used to create metal oxides, but they still require long processing times and/or high temperatures. In this study, a new electrochemical oxidation (ECO) method, which oxidizes metal in DI water with a constant flowing current to both the cathode and anode, was developed to overcome the disadvantages of conventional oxidation methods. The mechanism of the ECO method is discussed. Metallic Zn films were oxidized by the ECO method in DI water for 1 h. The DI water temperature was varied from 30 to 90 oC to determine the optimal temperature for the ECO process. Increasing the temperature of the DI water led to distinct surface changes in the disk-shaped Zn plate. The intensity of diffraction peaks from the ZnO (002) plane gradually increased from 31.67 to 2806.48. The structural and optical properties of the ZnO thin film were enhanced as the temperature of the DI water approached 90 oC, which means that a high-quality ZnO thin film was synthesized using the ECO method at lower temperatures and shorter processing time compared with established oxidation methods. These results confirm the ECO method can be useful for the low-cost fabrication of transparent and flexible optoelectronic devices.
EVALUASI PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 10 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG KETERTIBAN SOSIAL DI KABUPATEN BANJAR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Ulfah Annida , Al-Hamdi Ridho
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini membahas tentang evaluasi Peraturan Daerah (Perda) Nomor 10 Tahun 2007 tentang ketertiban sosial di Kabupaten Banjar. Selain itu, studi ini ingin mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mendukung keberhasilan dan kegagalan penerapan Perda ini. Secara metodologis, studi ini merupakan hasil dari penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam. Untuk mengukur evaluasi Perda, studi ini enam indicator: efektifitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, perataan, responsivitas, dan ketepatan. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan, bahwa dari enam indikator, hanya satu indikator saja yang dianggap berhasil yaitu indikator perataan. Sementara itu, lima indikator lainnya bisa dipastikan tidak berhasil. Hal ini menjadi dasar bagi kesimpulan studi ini, bahwa kebijakan tentang ketertiban sosial ini dapat dikategorikan gagal. Sejumlah faktor turut mempengaruhi kegagalan penerapan Perda ini yaitu efektifitas, kecukupan, dan perataan. Karena itu, kinerja pemerintah harus lebih serius lagi dalam menyelesaikan persoalan tersebut serta tidak pandang bulu dalam memberantas segala perilaku masyarakat yang bertentangan dengan ketertiban sosial sesuai Perda tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Evaluasi; Ketertiban Sosial; Peraturan Daerah Syariah; Kabupaten Banjar
Finding the Other Manaforts: How, and How Much, Foreign Money is Spent on Lobbying in the United States
Authors: Courtney Peter , Lee Tiffany
Published: September 2020

The Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) exempts foreign commercial entities who have registered under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (LDA) from registering with the US Department of Justice (DOJ). However, if the lobbying efforts of these entities benefit a foreign power they are required to be registered under FARA, not LDA. This paper will demonstrate that foreign entities—potentially hundreds—are likely exploiting the LDA exemption to circumvent FARA requirements and obfuscate foreign lobbying efforts. This examination will reveal which foreign commercial entities are exploiting the LDA exemption, deepening the capabilities of academic researchers to explore the threat of foreign influence and unveil efforts to destabilize democracies, in the United States and beyond.
CASINO CAPITALISM? THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CRISES ON INEQUALITY, 1970 TO 2016
Authors: Rübsam Frederike , Schneider Gerald
Published: September 2020

The ways in which countries have reacted to financial crises varies considerably. While income inequality has grown in many EU member states after the Great Recession, some countries such as the United States have experienced a significant increase in wealth inequality. A number of countries, by contrast, was able to keep these inequities at bay. We argue that the impact of financial crises on inequality differ between the type and severity of these economic shocks and that sovereign debt and exchange rate rather than banking crises increase the economic inequities. We examine the diverse income and wealth inequality effects to more than 50 financial crises across the OECD member states from 1970 to 2010. The empirical evidence supports our conjecture of different distributive effects of varying types of crises.
Від Кавказу до Абіссінії: важкий шлях британського консула Чарльза Дункана Кемерона (1825-1870 рр.)
Authors: Тригуб Олександр
Published: September 2020

Відтворено життєпис британського консула Чарльза Дункана Кемерона (1825-1870), який у 1858-1860 рр. був віце-консулом у кавказьких містечках Редут-Кале та Поті. Зазначено, що кавказька сторінка долі Ч. Кемерона не стала найяскравішою ні у його житті, ні в кар’єрі дипломата. Натомість сам він залишив яскравий слід в історії консульської служби Її Величності, пройшовши важкий шлях від бойового офіцера, учасника південноафриканських кампаній середини ХІХ ст. і Східної війни 1853-56 рр. до консула в Массауа (Абіссінія), де став вимушеним «учасником» ефіопської військової експедиції 1868 р. Остання не тільки перетворила консула Ч. Кемерона на героя, а й підірвала здоров’я, що й поставило останню крапку у його наповненому подій життєвому шляху.
Posisi Ibu Hamil Memengaruhi Akurasi Pengukuran Kesejahteraan Janin
Authors: Minarti Minarti , Risnawati Risnawati
Published: September 2020

During pregnancy, the fetal heart rate is a picture of the well-being of the fetus in the womb. The mother's position affects the results of the assessment when taking measurements of the fetal heart rate. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of the measurement of fetal well-being based on the position of pregnant women. This type of research is analytic observational in Wajo Health Center, Katobengke Health Center, and Sulaa Health Center, from April - August 2019. The population in this study were all pregnant women registered in the KIA book. The research sample consisted of 60 respondents using inclusion criteria. The data analysis uses univariate analysis. The results showed there were differences in the value of the fetal heart rate measurements for each position. The average value (min-max) of DJJ measurement with the lying position (supine) 128-158 times per-minute, mean value 138.81 times per-minute; sitting position 124-158 times per-minute, mean value 143.41 times per-minute; standing position 126-159 times per-minute, mean value 145.58 times per minute. In a sitting and lying position, the resulting heart rate is in the normal range of 120-140 times per-minute; in a standing position, the heart rate obtained 150-160 times per-minute has the potential for tachycardia. The conclusion of this study is that the position of pregnant women affects the results of fetal heart rate measurement and the good position of the FHR measurement when lying on her back
Derivation of Lighthill’s Eighth Power Law of an Aeroacoustic Quadrupole in Acoustic Spacetime
Authors: Masovic Drasko , Sarradj Ennes
Published: September 2020

Acoustic spacetime is a four-dimensional manifold analogue to the relativistic spacetime with the reference speed of light replaced by the speed of sound. It has been established primarily for the indirect studies of relativistic phenomena by means of their better understood acoustic analogues. More recently, it has also been used for the analytical treatment of sound propagation in various uniform and non-uniform flows of the background fluid. In this paper the analogy is extended and utilized to derive Lighthill’s eight power law for sound generation of an aeroacoustic quadrupole. Adding to the existing analogue theory, propagating sound waves are described in terms of a weak perturbation of the background acoustic spacetime metric. The obtained result proves that the acoustic analogy can be extended to cover both weak perturbation of the fluid due to the sound waves and certain sound generation mechanisms, at least in incompressible low Mach number flows.
Rootstock Effect on Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Quality of Mandarin ‘Clemenules’ during the Harvest Season
Authors: Morales Julia , Bermejo Almudena , Navarro Pilar , Salvador Alejandra
Published: September 2020

This study reports the influence of eight rootstocks (‘Carrizo’ (CC), ‘C-35’ (C35) ‘Cleopatra’ (CL), ‘Volkameriana’ (VK), ‘Macrophylla’ (M), ‘Forner-Alcaide 5’ (FA5), ‘Forner-Alcaide 13’ (FA13) and ‘Forner-Alcaide V17’ (V17)) on the physico-chemical and nutritional quality of ‘Clemenules’ mandarins at three harvest times during two seasons. Fruit quality parameters were influenced by rootstocks, and this effect was mostly harvest time -dependent. External color was overall influenced by rootstocks upon the first harvest. FA13 and C35 induced a breakthrough in color change, while V17 brought about the greatest color increase. CL and V17 initially delayed the fruit maturity index. In the last harvest, while CL had one of the highest maturity indices, V17 exhibited the lowest as acidity was maintained as harvest advanced. The CC and M fruit had the highest and lowest sucrose content, respectively. The highest glucose and fructose contents in fruit were induced by V17, FA5 and CC. The highest citric acid content was displayed by V17 in all the harvests. The FA13, C35 and VK fruit exhibited the highest malic acid content. The effect that rootstock exert on ascorbic acid and flavonoid content depends on the studied season. The results reveal the importance of conducting studies during different seasons to obtain robust results.
Barley Plants Overexpressing Ferrochelatases (HvFC1 and HvFC2) Show Improved Photosynthetic Rates and Have Reduced Photo-Oxidative Damage under Drought Stress than Non-Transgenic Controls
Authors: Nagahatenna Dilrukshi S. K. , Parent Boris , Edwards Everard J. , Langridge Peter , Whitford Ryan
Published: September 2020

We investigated the roles of two Ferrochelatases (FCs), which encode the terminal enzyme for heme biosynthesis, in drought and oxidative stress tolerance in model cereal plant barley (Hordeum vulgare). Three independent transgenic lines ectopically overexpressing either barley FC1 or FC2 were selected and evaluated under well-watered, drought, and oxidative stress conditions. Both HvFC1 and HvFC2 overexpressing transgenics showed delayed wilting and maintained higher photosynthetic performance relative to controls, after exposure to soil dehydration. In each case, HvFC overexpression significantly upregulated the nuclear genes associated with detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon drought stress. Overexpression of HvFCs, also suppressed photo-oxidative damage induced by the deregulated tetrapyrrole biosynthesis mutant tigrinad12. Previous studies suggest that only FC1 is implicated in stress defense responses, however, our study demonstrated that both FC1 and FC2 affect drought stress tolerance. As FC-derived free heme was proposed as a chloroplast-to-nuclear signal, heme could act as an important signal, stimulating drought responsive nuclear gene expression. This study also highlighted tetrapyrrole biosynthetic enzymes as potential targets for engineering improved crop performance, both in well-watered and water-limited environments.
A Camera-Trap Home-Range Analysis of the Indian Leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in Jaipur, India
Authors: Kumbhojkar Swapnil , Yosef Reuven , Mehta Abhinav , Rakholia Shrey
Published: September 2020

The suitability of the camera trap–retrap method was explored for identifying territories and studying the spatial distribution of leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) in the Jhalana Reserve Forest, Jaipur, India. Data from two years (November 2017 to November 2019, N = 23,208 trap-hours) were used to provide estimates of minimum home-range size and overlap. We conducted home-range analysis and estimation, using the minimum convex polygon (MCP) method with geographic information system (GIS) tools. We are aware of the limitations and advantages of camera trapping for long-term monitoring. However, the limitations of the research permit allowed only the use of camera traps to estimate the home ranges. A total of 25 leopards were identified (male = 8, female = 17). No territorial exclusivity was observed in either of the sexes. However, for seven females, we observed familial home-range overlaps wherein daughters established home ranges adjacent to or overlapping their natal areas. The median home range, as calculated from the MCP, was 305.9 ha for males and 170.3 ha for females. The median percentage overlap between males was 10.33%, while that between females was 3.97%. We concluded that camera trapping is an effective technique to map the territories of leopards, to document inter- and intraspecific behaviors, and to elucidate how familial relationships affect dispersal.
Vitamin D Protects against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Retinal Cells
Authors: Fernandez-Robredo Patricia , González-Zamora Jorge , Recalde Sergio , Bilbao-Malavé Valentina , Bezunartea Jaione , Hernandez Maria , Garcia-Layana Alfredo
Published: September 2020

Diabetic retinopathy is a vision-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the leading causes of blindness. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in its pathogenesis, and new therapies counteracting these contributors could be of great interest. In the current study, we investigated the role of vitamin D against oxidative stress and inflammation in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and human retinal endothelial cell lines. We demonstrate that vitamin D effectively counteracts the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, the increased levels of proinflammatory proteins such as Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, Interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure were significantly decreased by vitamin D addition. Interestingly, the increased IL-18 only decreased by vitamin D addition in endothelial cells but not in RPE cells, suggesting a main antiangiogenic role under inflammatory conditions. Moreover, H2O2 and LPS induced the alteration and morphological damage of tight junctions in adult retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells that were restored under oxidative and inflammatory conditions by the addition of vitamin D to the media. In conclusion, our data suggest that vitamin D could protect the retina by enhancing antioxidant defense and through exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties.
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Diabetes-Induced Alterations in Paraoxonase 1 and Catalase in Rats Analyzed through Progress Kinetic and Blind Docking
Authors: Sierra-Campos Erick , Valdez-Solana Mónica , Avitia-Domínguez Claudia , Campos-Almazán Mara , Flores-Molina Ismael , García-Arenas Guadalupe , Téllez-Valencia Alfredo
Published: September 2020

In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on rat paraoxonase 1 (rPON1) and catalase (rCAT) activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Our study included three groups; group C (control, n = 5); group D (diabetic, n = 5); and group DM (M. oleifera extract-supplemented diabetic rats, n = 5). Daily oral administration of M. oleifera extract at 200 mg/kg doses produced an increase in endogenous antioxidants. Serum rPON1 (lactonase) and liver cytosol catalase activities were determined by a spectrophotometric assay using progress curve analysis. We found a decrease in the Vm value of rPON1 in diabetic rats, but dihydrocoumarin (DHC) affinity (Km) was slightly increased. The value of Vm for the DM group was found to be reduced approximately by a factor of 3 compared with those obtained for group C, whereas Km was largely changed (96 times). Catalase activity was significantly higher in the DM group. These data suggest that the activation of rPON1 and rCAT activities by M. oleifera extracts may be mediated via the effect of the specific flavonoids on the enzyme structure. In addition, through molecular blind docking analysis, rPON1 was found to have two binding sites for flavonoids. In contrast, flavonoids bound at four sites in rCAT. In conclusion, the data suggest that compounds from M. oleifera leaves extract were able to influence the catalytic activities of both enzymes to compensate for the changes provoked by diabetes in rats.
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Extraction on Biological Activities and Phenolics Composition of Winter Savory Leaf Extracts
Authors: Moreira Sílvia A. , Silva Sara , Costa Eduardo , Pinto Soraia , Sarmento Bruno , Saraiva Jorge A. , Pintado Manuela
Published: September 2020

Satureja montana L. has several biological properties related to its diverse composition of secondary metabolites. Nevertheless, it has been mainly studied for its essential oil, with only a few studies on the profile and bioactivities of the bioactive compounds from its leaf extracts being reported. This work aimed to study the antioxidant activity (by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay), antimicrobial minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) determination, antibiofilm (by colorimetry), impact upon DNA (anti- and pro-oxidant assay), and cytotoxicity (by cell metabolism viability assays) of S. montana extracts obtained by high-pressure-assisted extraction (HPE). The extract obtained at 348 MPa, 35% (v/v) ethanol presented the highest concentration of individual phenolic compounds, and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 20 mg/mL against Listeria monocytogenes. HPE extracts showed antioxidant activity not only in ORAC but they were also able to prevent/attenuate peroxide-induced damage upon DNA. Moreover, on its own, HPE extract induced less oxidative damage than the control extract. Concerning the cytotoxicity, HPE extracts (at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL) were not harmful to HT29 cell lines, while control extracts (obtained at atmospheric pressure) at higher concentrations (>1.0 mg/mL) slightly reduced the metabolism of the cells. Finally, all extracts showed inhibition of the viability of 3 cancerous cell lines (>2.0 mg/mL for Caco-2, HeLa, and TR146) to below 15%.
The Implications of HClO4 for Dissolving Large Masses of Low Level Os in Metal Sulfides and Factors that Influence Re-Os Dating
Authors: Gao Bingyu , Li Wenjun , Zhang Lianchang , Gao Jun
Published: September 2020

In general, no more than 1 g of metal sulfide can be completely digested in 20 mL of inverse aqua regia using the Carius tube technique. In this study, the sample weight increased after adding HClO4 to inverse aqua regia while the volume of acid concurrently decreased significantly. Three grams of metal sulfide were digested in 12 mL of acid (3 mL of HClO4 and 9 mL of inverse aqua regia) via the HClO4-inverse aqua regia method. The results using molybdenite reference materials JDC and HLP mixed with 3 g of pyrite were consistent with certified values. Compared to the traditional method, the HClO4-inverse aqua regia method could dissolve a larger sample mass (3 g) with a smaller volume of acids (12 mL). We simultaneously found that the oxidation of digestion acids greatly affected the Os signal but had no influence on the equilibrium of isotope exchange between 185Re and 190Os spikes in Re and Os samples. Remarkably, the heating temperature was the most significant factor influencing the equilibrium of isotope exchange, and the Os in a sample was not equilibrated with the spike until the heating temperature reached 190 °C.
Image Caption Generation via Unified Retrieval and Generation-Based Method
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Li Lixiang , Peng Haipeng , Yang Zihang , Zhang Jiaxuan
Published: September 2020

Image captioning is a multi-modal transduction task, translating the source image into the target language. Numerous dominant approaches primarily employed the generation-based or the retrieval-based method. These two kinds of frameworks have their advantages and disadvantages. In this work, we make the best of their respective advantages. We adopt the retrieval-based approach to search the visually similar image and their corresponding captions for each queried image in the MSCOCO data set. Based on the retrieved similar sequences and the visual features of the queried image, the proposed de-noising module yielded a set of attended textual features which brought additional textual information for the generation-based model. Finally, the decoder makes use of not only the visual features but also the textual features to generate the output descriptions. Additionally, the incorporated visual encoder and the de-noising module can be applied as a preprocessing component for the decoder-based attention mechanisms. We evaluate the proposed method on the MSCOCO benchmark data set. Extensive experiment yields state-of-the-art performance, and the incorporated module raises the baseline models in terms of almost all the evaluation metrics.
Rayleigh and Raman Scattering from Alkali Atoms
Authors: Singor Adam , Fursa Dmitry , McNamara Keegan , Bray Igor
Published: September 2020

Two computational methods developed recently [McNamara, Fursa, and Bray, Phys. Rev. A 98, 043435 (2018)] for calculating Rayleigh and Raman scattering cross sections for atomic hydrogen have been extended to quasi one-electron systems. A comprehensive set of cross sections have been obtained for the alkali atoms: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. These cross sections are accurate for incident photon energies above and below the ionization threshold, but they are limited to energies below the excitation threshold of core electrons. The effect of spin-orbit interaction, importance of accounting for core polarization, and convergence of the cross sections have been investigated.
Pituitary Actions of EGF on Gonadotropins, Growth Hormone, Prolactin and Somatolactins in Grass Carp
Authors: Hu Qiongyao , Qin Qinbo , Xu Shaohua , Zhou Lingling , Xia Chuanhui , Shi Xuetao , Zhang Huiying , Jia Jingyi , Ye Cheng , Yin Zhan , Hu Guangfu
Published: September 2020

In mammals, epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a vital role in both pituitary physiology and pathology. However, the functional role of EGF in the regulation of pituitary hormones has rarely reported in teleost. In our study, using primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells as an in vitro model, we examined the effects of EGF on pituitary hormone secretion and gene expression as well as the post-receptor signaling mechanisms involved. Firstly, we found that EGF significantly reduced luteinizing hormone (LHβ) mRNA expression via ErbB1 coupled to ERK1/2 pathway, but had no effect on LH release in grass carp pituitary cells. Secondly, the results showed that EGF was effective in up-regulating mRNA expression of growth hormone (GH), somatolactin α (SLα) and somatolactin β (SLβ) via ErbB1 and ErbB2 and subsequently coupled to MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, respectively. However, EGF was not effective in GH release in pituitary cells. Thirdly, we found that EGF strongly induced pituitary prolactin (PRL) release and mRNA expression, which was mediated by ErbB1 and subsequent stimulation of MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Interestingly, subsequent study further found that neurokinin B (NKB) significantly suppressed EGF-induced PRL mRNA expression, which was mediated by neurokinin receptor (NK2R) and coupled to AC/cAMP/PKA signal pathway. These results suggested that EGF could differently regulate the pituitary hormones expression in grass carp pituitary cells.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Regulates Inflammatory Pathways through Modulation of Transcripts and miRNA in Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice
Authors: Ramalho Theresa , Pahlavani Mandana , Kalupahana Nishan , Wijayatunga Nadeeja , Ramalingam Latha , Jancar Sonia , Moustaid-Moussa Naima
Published: September 2020

This study aims to investigate the global profiling of genes and miRNAs expression to explore the regulatory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese mice. We used male mice, fed either a high-fat diet (HF) or HF supplemented with EPA (HF-EPA), for 11 weeks. RNA, and small RNA profiling, were performed by RNAseq analysis. We conducted analyses using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (IPA®) and validated candidate genes and miRNAs related to lipid mediators and inflammatory pathways using qRT-PCR. We identified 153 genes differentially downregulated, and 62 microRNAs differentially expressed in VAT from HF-EPA compared to HF. Genes with a positive association with inflammation, chemotaxis, insulin resistance, and inflammatory cell death, such as Irf5, Alox5ap, Tlrs, Cd84, Ccr5, Ccl9, and Casp1, were downregulated by EPA. Moreover, EPA significantly reduced LTB4 levels, a lipid mediator with a central role in inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. The pathways and mRNA/microRNA interactions identified in our study corroborated with data validated for inflammatory genes and miRNAs. Together, our results identified key VAT inflammatory targets and pathways, which are regulated by EPA. These targets merit further investigation to better understand the protective mechanisms of EPA in obesity-associated inflammation.
Occupational and Environmental Carcinogenesis
Authors: Ledda Caterina , Rapisarda Venerando
Published: September 2020

Occupational carcinogens have been shown to cause a considerable disease burden at a national and global level [...]
Fe@Hierarchical BEA Zeolite Catalyst for MW-Assisted Alcohol Oxidation Reaction: A Greener Approach
Authors: Andrade Marta , Ansari Leonardo , Pombeiro Armando , Carvalho Ana , Martins Angela , Martins Luísa
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the catalytic activity of hybrid materials of iron supported on hierarchical zeolites in the oxidation reaction of 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone. A greener approach was considered for the preparation of the catalyst and performance of the oxidation reaction. Hierarchical BEA zeolite samples were obtained from an alkaline and a subsequent acid treatment. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption at −196 °C. An iron salt was incorporated onto the hierarchical zeolites by mechanochemical grinding and the catalytic performance of the prepared materials was evaluated towards the microwave assisted oxidation reaction of 1-phenylethanol. The catalyst obtained by Fe immobilization on sample modified by 0.2 M NaOH followed by acid treatment (Fe@BEA0.2AT) is the most promising material with 35% yield and 56% selectivity to acetophenone, allowing five reuse cycles without significant loss of activity and selectivity.
Association of the Hepatitis B Virus Large Surface Protein with Viral Infectivity and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Liver Carcinogenesis
Authors: Lin Wei-Ling , Hung Jui-Hsiang , Huang Wenya
Published: September 2020

Hepatitis B is the most prevalent viral hepatitis worldwide, affecting approximately one-third of the world’s population. Among HBV factors, the surface protein is the most sensitive biomarker for viral infection, given that it is expressed at high levels in all viral infection phases. The large HBV surface protein (LHBs) contains the integral pre-S1 domain, which binds to the HBV receptor sodium taurocholate co transporting polypeptide on the hepatocyte to facilitate viral entry. The accumulation of viral LHBs and its prevalent pre-S mutants in chronic HBV carriers triggers a sustained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) overload response, leading to ER stress-mediated cell proliferation, metabolic switching and genomic instability, which are associated with pro-oncogenic effects. Ground glass hepatocytes identified in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients harbor pre-S deletion variants that largely accumulate in the ER lumen due to mutation-induced protein misfolding and are associated with increased risks of cancer recurrence and metastasis. Moreover, in contrast to the major HBs, which is decreased in tumors to a greater extent than it is in peritumorous regions, LHBs is continuously expressed during tumorigenesis, indicating that LHBs serves as a promising biomarker for HCC in people with CHB. Continuing efforts to delineate the molecular mechanisms by which LHBs regulates pathological changes in CHB patients are important for establishing a correlation between LHBs biomarkers and HCC development.