bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizations of endophytic Bacillus strains from tomato roots as growth promoter and biocontrol of Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: YANTI YULMIRA , WARNITA WARNITA , REFLIN REFLIN , NASUTION CHAINUR RAHMAN
Published: October 2018

Yanti Y, Warnita, Reflin, Nasution CR. 2018. Characterizations of endophytic Bacillus strains from tomato roots as growth promoter and biocontrol of Ralstonia solanacearum. Biodiversitas 19: 906-911. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most damaging vascular pathogens in tomato and many other crops in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate areas of the world limiting its production. Biological agents such as Plant growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is considered as a potential biological control agent for the suppression of plant diseases such as bacterial wilt. Bacillus spp. are one of the most potential genera of PGPR group used for controlling pathogens and promoting plant growth because of their spore-forming ability which increases their adaptation to the environment. The aims of the research were to isolate Endophytic Bacillus isolates, to characterize its ability as plant growth promoter and pathogen controller, and to identify its molecular genetic using 16S rRNA. Bacillus strains were isolated from healthy tomato roots. All Bacillus spp. strains acquired from isolation were then screened directly on plants in completely randomized design experiments with 3 replications. All potential strains were screened and identified using 16S rRNA with 27F and 1492R primers. Results showed that out of 15 obtained isolates, 6 of them showed a good ability to both promote growth and control R. solanacearum. All isolates were identified as B. Pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232, B. cereus strain CCM 2010, B. toyonensis strain BCT-7112, B. anthracis strain ATCC 14578, B. cereus strain JCM 2152 and B. cereus ATCC 14579.
The distribution of vertical leaves and leaves biomass on ten mangrove species at Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: ARDHANA I PUTU GEDE , RIMBAWAN I M.G. S. , CAHYO PUJO NUR , FITRIANI YUYUN , ROHANI SISKA
Published: October 2018

Ardhana IPG, Rimbawan IMGS., Cahyo PN, Fitriani Y, Rohani S. 2018. The distribution of vertical leaves and leaves biomass on ten mangrove species at Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 918-926. The distribution of vertical leaves and leaves biomass which forms the mangrove crown divides into three parts, namely the top part, the middle part, and the bottom part. Total amount leaves on any parts are highly variable depending on height of each species. The relationship between the height of tree with the crown thickness depended on total leaves of each crown on each species as well as the relationship between the total leaves biomass of each crown on each species, with the height and volume of tree stems, also has variation on each mangrove species. Author examined the relationship between the photosynthetic organs with non-photosynthetic organs, especially on stems in each species. The high total amount of leaves and large total amount leaves biomass deeply is depended on diameter and growth height which are presented in the form of stem volumes. On the relationship between the photosynthetic organs and non-photosynthetic organs on each mangrove species, also has been examined. The higher total amount of leaves or the total amount of leaves biomass largely depended on the stem volume of mangroves. This indicates that the production of photosynthetic organ either in the form of the total amount of leaves or the total amount of leaves biomass serve to support growth of the stem mangrove trees (height of stem, diameter of stem and volume of stem).
The income structure of smallholder forest farmers in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia
Authors: ACHMAD BUDIMAN , DINIYATI DIAN
Published: October 2018

Achmad B, Diniyati D. 2018. The income structure of smallholder forest farmers in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 936-946. This research investigated the economic well-being of forest farmers in Labuhan Badas Village, Sumbawa regency of Indonesia. It aimed: (i) to describe the daily economic activities of community-based forest (HKm) farmers who reside inside the state forest and of farmers in privately owned forest (POF) who reside outside the state forest areas; and (ii) to analyse their income structure in relation to the corresponding economic activities. The research was conducted from August 2015 to April 2016. The survey sample consisted of 34 HKm and 34 POF farmers who were selected purposively. Data collected through interview and focus group discussion techniques were analyzed descriptively. The research determined that the incomes of HKm farmers were generated from14 sources, mainly from activities in the non-agricultural sector, while those for POF farmers were generated from 12 sources mainly from activities in the agricultural sector. The total income of HKm farmers was significantly lower than the income of POF farmers and indicated a moderate level of economic disadvantage. The economic welfare of farmers in both research locations has been assessed to be below an adequate level. Therefore various economic innovations such as the cultivation of honey bees and the processing of unused potential resources (e.g. making wine from cashew fruit) are needed to accelerate the attainment of a decent level of economic well-being
Morphogenetic and population structure of two species marine bivalve (Ostreidae: Saccostrea cucullata and Crassostrea iredalei) in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: RAMADHANIATY MUTIA , SETYOBUDIANDI ISDRAJAD , MADDUPPA HAWIS H.
Published: October 2018

Ramadhaniaty M, Setyobudiandi I, Madduppa HH. 2018. Morphogenetic and population structure of two species marine bivalve (Ostreidae: Saccostrea cucullata and Crassostrea iredalei) in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 978-988. Oysters (Family Ostreidae) are mollusks, with high levels of phenotypic plasticity and wide geographic distribution. Oysters are a challenging group for morphological identification and genetic populations study. Saccostrea cucullata and Crassostrea iredalei are oysters from bivalve class that lives in the intertidal area and mangrove ecosystem. To clarify the morphology, genetic diversity and population structure of the two forms of S. cucullata and C. iredalei, we collected and studied oysters from three locations along the coastal region of Aceh by using morphometric method and 16 S mtDNA sequences analysis. We also added more oysters sequences from China, Japan, and Thailand to determine the connectivity between all populations. Morphometric characteristics of the oyster showed a negative allometric growth pattern, which means the rate of length gain is faster than that of the weight gain. The genetic distance from S. cucullata was 0.003-0.004 (Fst = 0.708) and C. iredalei was 0.000 (Fst = 0.971). The long genetic distance and high fixation index (Fst) in the oysters population are caused by the close geographical distance of the species in the three populations. The haplotype diversity value from S. cucullata and C. iredalei were 20 and 3, respectively. The haplotype showed the connectivity among the oyster populations which indicated by the gene flow pattern. The gene flow was affected by geographical distance and environmental complexity.
Variation in seed morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Java olive populations originated from Java, Bali, Lombok, and Timor Islands, Indonesia
Authors: SUDRAJAT DEDE J. , SUWANDHI ICHSAN , SIREGAR ISKANDAR Z. , SIREGAR ULFAH J.
Published: October 2018

Sudrajat DJ, Suwandhi I, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ. 2018. Variation in seed morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Java olive populations originated from Java, Bali, Lombok, and Timor Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1004-1012. Java olive (Sterculia foetida L.) is one of the promising non-edible feedstocks for biodiesel production. Utilization of this tree species for plantation is limited due to knowledge gaps in many fundamental aspects of seed properties. The aim of the study was to determine the variation that may exist among java olive seed collected from Bogor, Palimanan, Tuban, Gilimanuk, Pemenang and Naioni populations, and to analyze correlations between one or many seed morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. Analysis of variance showed significant differences of seed morphological and biochemical traits, except for the germination capacity. Seed morphological traits were not significantly correlated with agro-climate factors, while some of biochemical traits revealed significant correlation with some agro-climate factors. Genotypic variance and genotypic coefficient of variation were higher for fruit length, fruit width, carbohydrate, fat, protein and oil contents, indicating higher genetic contribution on the variance of these traits. High heritability values combined with high genetic gain was found for protein content, fruit width and oil content, that revealed the characters having highly genetic origin with a good number of heritable components. Population clustering exhibited that most of the geographically distant population are genetically related. Pemenang population was found highly associated with oil content, indicating that the population have high potency to develop as the feedstocks for for biodiesel production.
Characterization of Sentani gudgeon, Oxyeleotris heterodon (Weber, 1907) at Sentani Lake, Papua, Indonesia based on truss morphometric
Authors: ABINAWANTO ABINAWANTO , SRIYANI EKA DEWI
Published: October 2018

Abinawanto, Sriyani ED, Bowolaksono A. 2018. Characterization of Sentani gudgeon, Oxyeleotris heterodon (Weber, 1907) at Sentani Lake, Papua, Indonesia based on truss morphometric. Biodiversitas 19: 1013-1020. The study concerning the morphometry of Sentani gudgeon (Oxyeleotris heterodon, Weber 1907) was done from August 2016 until April 2017 in Sentani Lake, Jayapura District, Papua Province, Indonesia. The objectives of the study were to find out the diversity of the fish using truss morphometry approach. A total 56 individual sampled from three sampling sites were characterized for their 26 truss morphometric characters. The result showed that there were differences on morphometric characters of Sentani gudgeon. The highest correlation value found in character B2 and D5, which represented the dorsal portion and the tail fin of the fish body respectively. All variables showed significant different between each location (the p-value <c0.05). The canonical diagram resulted of 26 truss morphometric characters illustrated three separated clusters which discriminated the three populations based on sampling sites. A genetic distance analysis among Sentani gudgeon indicated that the fish originated from Putali Village was morphologically closed to the fish population from Sosiri. The truss morphometry technique can be used to identify the diversity of Sentani gudgeon in Sentani Lake.
Short Communication: Abundance of corn planthopper (Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy 1907, Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on five new corn varieties
Authors: SYAHRAWATI MY , NELLY NOVRI , HAMID HASMIANDY , EFENDI SISKA
Published: October 2018

Syahrawati M, Nelly N, Hamid H, Efendi S. 2018. Short Communication: Abundance of corn planthopper (Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy 1907, Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on five new corn varieties. Biodiversitas 19: 1029-1034. Both local and hybrid corn varieties have been attacked by Stenocranus pacificus or corn planthopper frequently grown in West Sumatra. So, the basic aim of the study is to know about the abundance of S. pacificus on major five corn varieties that will be intermittently released viz., N35, N37, NT10, NT104, and NT105. The study was conducted around palm plantation in Dharmasraya District using Randomized Block Design in 5 replications. The observations were made at weekly intervals throughout the season after planting up to 8 weeks. Number of S. pacificus were collected from 16 hills by using simple aspirator, selected randomly from each unit. The measurement of leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter and trichome length were also performed to confirm the physical effect of S. pacificus preferences. LSD test at 5% level of significance was done to determine the influence of different varieties on insect population. The S. pacificus preferably effect to NT10 variety as compared to other varieties from the early growth of corn, but the S. pacificus abundance was higher at the generative phase than the vegetative. There was a very rapid increase in its population from week to week. Physical factors of the plant, as like as trichome, affected the insect abundance.
Seagrass beds as the buffer zone for fish biodiversity in coastal water of Bontang City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: IRAWAN ADITYA , SUPRIHARYONO SUPRIHARYONO , HUTABARAT JOHANNES , AMBARIYANTO AMBARIYANTO
Published: October 2018

Irawan A, Supriharyono, Hutabarat J, Ambariyanto. 2018. Seagrass beds as the buffer zone for fish biodiversity in coastal water of Bontang City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1044-1053. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the importance of seagrass beds as a buffer zone for fish biodiversity in a coastal ecosystem. The sampling of seagrass and fish were done in seagrass beds associated with mangrove (ST1) and coral reef (ST2). Sampling period was executed from May 2011 to May 2017. Sampling was done on the lowest tide with a six-month interval. Seagrass sampling was carried out using line transect, and fish sampling was performed using set net (belat local name) operated by local fisherman. The results showed that seagrass beds at ST1 composed of C. rotundata and E. acoroides and that at ST2 composed of C. rotundata, E. acoroides, H. pinifolia, H. minor and T. hemprichii. The total number of individual was 42574 divided into 112 fish species. There were 17 species (population: 15.18%) associated explicitly with ST1 and 39 species (population: 34.82%) specifically associated with ST2 while 56 fish species (population: 50.0%) were prevalently spread in both stations. This research proved the existence of seagrass beds as a buffer zone for fish biodiversity.
Bird diversity of tea plantations in Darjeeling Hills, Eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: CHETTRI ABHISHEK , SHARMA KISHOR , DEWAN SAILENDRA , ACHARYA BHOJ KUMAR
Published: October 2018

Chettri A, Sharma K, Dewan S, Acharya BK. 2018. Bird diversity of tea plantations in Darjeeling Hills, Eastern Himalaya, India. Biodiversitas 19: 1066-1073. The biodiversity wealth and conservation potential of agro-ecosystems including cash crop plantations is gaining significance in recent years. Agro-forestry provides ecosystem services similar to forest and, hence, support a high diversity of flora and fauna. This study was undertaken to explore the bird community in different tea gardens of Kurseong Hill, Darjeeling, Eastern Himalaya, India. Darjeeling is globally known for its extent and magnificent tea production. We sampled birds using point count methods along transects during August 2015-January 2016. A total of 581 individual birds comprising 48 species were recorded during the study. Amongst the guild types, insectivorous birds were the most dominant both in terms of species and abundances. Depending on their habitat preferences most of the birds were forest generalists followed by forest specialists. This study highlights that tea plantations have a great potential in harbouring and conserving birds and other associated life forms. Thus, proper management of these landscapes would be an effective strategy to conserve biodiversity of the Himalayas.
Orchid exploration in Mount Bintan Besar Protected Forest, Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: PUSPITANINGTYAS DWI MURTI
Published: October 2018

Puspitaningtyas DM. 2018. Orchid exploration in Mount Bintan Besar Protected Forest, Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1081-1088. Sumatra is one of the main islands in Indonesia. The biodiversity is higher than Java, but still below compare to Borneo and New Guinea. About 1,118 species of orchids are found growing in Sumatra, which 41% of these are endemic to Sumatra. The exploration activities were conducted at Gunung Bintan Besar Protected Forest, Bintan island-Sumatra. Orchid exploration was conducted in this area to collect living plants for ex situ conservation purpose. Orchid inventory to record orchid diversity in this area, based on plant collection by purposive random sampling. The results of the study recorded approximately 23 orchid collection numbers found in that area. These were representative of 15 genera and consist of 14 species of epiphyte orchids and 9 species of terrestrial orchids. Most orchids found in this area are lowland orchid which are very common in Sumatra. Dendrobium metachilinum Rchb.f., Dendrobium leonis (Lindl.) Rchb.f. and Plocoglottis lowii Rchb.f. are unique orchids species found on this island.
The differences in floral structures of three sandalwood variants in one of Gunung Sewu (Indonesia) population, and their consequences on visitor diversity and visitation rate
Authors: FATHIN AHMAD NAUFAL , RATNANINGRUM YENI W.N.
Published: October 2018

Fathin AN, Ratnaningrum YWN. 2018. The differences in floral structures of three sandalwood variants in one of Gunung Sewu (Indonesia) population, and their consequences on visitor diversity and visitation rate. Biodiversitas 19: 1097-1101. Sandalwood, one of the most economically valuable endangered species, is native to the southeastern Indonesian islands, but it has recently occurred as new landraces in Gunung Sewu, Java island. Our previous findings found three floral variants (YBF, refers to “yellow big flower”; RBF, “red big flower”; and RSF, “red small flower”, respectively) of sandalwood landraces in Gunung Sewu. The differences in floral structures among variants were also reported. In this study, we further analyzed these variant differences and their consequences on visitor diversity and visitation rate in the Bleberan population, one of the most genetically diverse populations in Gunung Sewu Geopark, in the 2016 flowering period. Floral visitor diversity, visitation rate, and pollination behavior were observed in each floral variant. Visitor preference to a certain variant might be attributed to the differences in floral color and size. YBF was visited more by coleopterans and hemipterans, while both RBF and RSF were visited more by hymenopterans. The dipterans and lepidopterans visited both yellow and red flowers at a similar rate. The bigger flowers of RBF and YBF received more visits than RSF.
Community forestry adoption based on multipurpose tree species diversity towards to sustainable forest management in ICEF of University of Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: WULANDARI CHRISTINE , BINTORO AFIF , RUSITA RUSITA , SANTOSO TRIO , DURYAT DURYAT , KASKOYO HARI , ERWIN ERWIN , BUDIONO PITOJO
Published: October 2018

Wulandari C, Bintoro A, Rusita, Santoso T, Duryat, Kaskoyo H, Erwin, Budiono P. 2018. Community forestry adoption based on multipurpose tree species diversity towards to sustainable forest management in ICEF of University of Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1102-1109. Integrated Conservation Education Forest (ICEF) of University of Lampung (Unila) at Wan Abdul Rachman (WAR) Forest Park is a conservation forest which should be free from any kinds of human activities. In fact, more than 75% the area has been managed by community hence there is a need for management strategy through Community Forestry (CF). It is known that there are a lot of Multipurpose Tree Species (MPTS) that can be utilized for the community’s daily life. The research’s objectives are to analyze the ability of the community to adopt CF scheme, to calculate the diversity index of MPTS and level of Skill Knowledge Attitude (SKA) and to determine the correlation variables to sustainable CF. This study used Shannon-Wiener diversity index, analysis of SKA level and regression analysis for adoption level. The results of this study noted that at the research site has diversity index 0.115 and 74.29% of plants are MPTS. Based on the data analysis, 168 respondents [89%] agree to adopt CF scheme and level of their SKA is moderate therefore needs to increase this level towards to forest sustainability. There are three variables of community forestry adoption toward to sustainable forest management at ICEF: number of trees species, the volume of forest products that would be sold, and roles of extension education.
Distribution of benthic habitat using Landsat-7 Imagery in shallow waters of Sekupang, Batam Island, Indonesia
Authors: LUBIS MUHAMMAD ZAINUDDIN , ANUROGO WENANG , HANAFI ADITYA , KAUSARIAN HUSNUL , TAKI HERIKA MUHAMAD , ANTONI SATRIA
Published: October 2018

Lubis MZ, Anurogo W, Hanafi A, Kausarian H, Taki HM, Antoni S. 2018. Distribution of benthic habitat using Landsat-7 Imagery in shallow waters of Sekupang, Batam Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1117-1122. Shallow sea waters are one region that has high dynamics and an important role both economically and ecologically. Batam Island one of the islands in Indonesia is rich in the ocean in Riau Islands Province, Indonesia, and surrounded by small islands.We conducted classification and correction of water column using Lyzenga formula, to see benthic habitat in Sekupang waters, Batam Island, Indonesia. This research uses remote sensing method with Landsat-7 image data, on data recording that is dated December 16, 2016. The purpose of this study is to obtain information on the distribution and extent of sand, dark sea, and coral reefs on Batam Island shallow waters of Sekupang. By using the formula of Lyzenga algorithm, the value of ki/kj is 0.404, by looking at the color change corresponding to the channel. Research result of classification in the shallow coastal waters of the island of Batam in Sekupang with the area is sand with 27.64 % (3.443 ha), cloudy sea with an area of 30.94% (3.854 ha), and coral reefs with an area of 41.43% (5.161 ha).
Diversity of bivalves in Tanjung Balai Asahan Waters, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SUSETYA IPANNA ENGGAR , DESRITA DESRITA , GINTING ERYANA DHALIA DRAJAD , FAUZAN MASRIAN , YUSNI ERI , SARIDU SITI AISYAH
Published: October 2018

Susetya IE, Desrita, Ginting EDD, Fauzan M, Yusni E, Saridu SA. 2018. Diversity of bivalves in Tanjung Balai Asahan Waters, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1147-1153. Local and regional market demands for bivalves increase outside Tanjung Balai City and Asahan District Waters, North Sumatra, Indonesia. As a result, high exploitation of bivalves occurred. In the other hand, there were less comprehensive information and studies on the diversity of bivalves in this area. This study aimed to determine the diversity of bivalves and water quality of Tanjung Balai Asahan Waters; was conducted between July 2016 and November 2017. Sampling of bivalves was conducted monthly. Several physical and chemical parameters were quantified. Data analysis included community structure analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result showed that there were 16 species of bivalves from 7 families in Tanjung Balai Asahan Waters. Station 2 had the highest composition of bivalves, while the lowest was noted at Station 1. The mean abundance of bivalves at stations 1, 2 and 3 were 352±22 ind/m2, 222±14 ind/m2 and 388±30,2 ind/m2, respectively. In general, the index of diversity was categorized as low to moderate. The evenness index was categorized as low to high, while the dominance index indicated the absence of dominant species at almost all stations except station 1. Water quality of the waters was still in capacity to support the life of bivalves. Based on PCA analysis, it was obtained that the abundance of bivalves was positively correlated with nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, salinity, and pH.
Diversity and density of crabs in degraded mangrove area at Tanjung Panjang Nature Reserve in Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: LAPOLO NURAIN , UTINA RAMLI , BADERAN DEWI WAHYUNI K.
Published: October 2018

Lapolo N, Utina R, Baderan DWK. 2018. Diversity and density of crabs in degraded mangrove area at Tanjung Panjang Nature Reserve in Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1154-1159. This study was aimed to analyze the diversity and the density of crabs in a degraded mangrove area including in the intact mangrove area and the fishponds (the degraded mangrove area).. The data from this study could be used as supporting data for decision makers to slow down the degradation of mangrove along the area of Tanjung Panjang Natural Reserve. The observed data i.e diversity and density of crabs were collected using the stratified random sampling method (10 m x 10 m plot). Environmental parameters suited to crab habitat were also measured. The samples were taken from 18 spots. The study shows that 20 species of crabs were obtained within the mangrove area, and 11 species were founded within the fishponds area. Interestingly, two species of crabs i.e Varuna yui and Varuna litterata were only founded in fishponds area. The density of crabs in mangrove area ranged between 3.23 ind/300m2 and 4.52 ind/300m2, while the density of crabs in fishponds area ranged between 0.16 ind/300m2 and 0.63 ind/300m2. Further study revealed that characteristics and the age of mangrove trees affected macrozoobenthic biota (Gastropods, Bivalvia, Mud Lobster, Polychaeta, and shrimp) as well as fish diversity within mangrove in Tanjung Panjang Natural Reserve. These may be important for further restoration program of mangrove ecosystem and the sustainable restocking for conservation purposes.
Molecular characterization of induced mutation of jewawut (Setaria italica ssp. italica) from Buru Island, Indonesia using SRAP
Authors: YULITA KUSUMADEWI SRI , RIDWAN RIDWAN
Published: October 2018

Yulita KS, Ridwan. 2018. Molecular characterization of induced mutation of jewawut (Setaria italica ssp. italica) from Buru Island, Indonesia using SRAP. Biodiversitas 19: 1160-1168. Jewawut (Setaria italica ssp. italica) or foxtail millet is minor crops domesticated and consumed only in few parts of Sulawesi, Maluku and East Nusa Tenggara, while in other region such as Java, it is known as food for bird despite the fact that jewawut is rich in fiber. The utilization of jewawut as an alternative crop was limited due to their small size of seeds as well low yield. An effort to improve the potency of jewawut as an alternative food is through genetic improvement by induced mutation. This present study was aimed to determinate mutant of jewawut from Buru Island irradiated by gamma rays as potential genotype to produce high grain yield. Two variants of jewawut were recorded from Buru Island, red and yellow variant each referring to the colour of their seeds. Samples were consisted of 26 red and 24 of yellow variant. Mutant was detected by molecular characterization using SRAP marker. UPGMA cluster analysis was also performed to ensure the position of mutant within the UPGMA dendrogram against the control samples. Mutant with the most distinct genyotypes for yellow variant are accession O1O2#10 treated in 100 Gy and O1E1#10 treated in 200 Gy gamma radiation, whereas in the red variant are accessions O2C4#13 treated in 50 Gy and O2E4#6 treated in 200 Gy gamma radiation. All the mutants have random agronomic performances relative to controls. Mutants with potential high grain yield are O2B2#14 treated in 25 Gy for the red variant, and this should be used as a candidate to develop superior genotype.
Frequency and coexistence of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene in Aures region of Algeria
Authors: HAYAT DJAARA , MOULOUD YAHIA , ABDELALI BOUSSIF
Published: October 2018

Hayat D, Mouloud Y, Abdelali B. 2018. Frequency and coexistence of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene in Aures region of Algeria. Biodiversitas 19: 1169-1175. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the two most common polymorphisms C677T and A 1298C of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, as well as the coexistence of both these genetic variants in healthy subjects from part of the Algerian population (Aures Region). A total of 94 apparently healthy subjects were enrolled in the study group. The frequency of the both investigated genotypes of the both MTHFR gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) was determined by using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (Real-Time PCR-FRET) technic. The frequencies of C and T alleles of C677T polymorphism were 127 (67.55%), 61 (32.45%), and for CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 44 (46.48%), 39 (41.8%) and 11 (11.70%) respectively. Regarding the frequencies at position 1298, for A and C alleles were 147 (78.19%), 41 (21.81%), and for AA, AC, and CC genotypes were 60 (63.82%), 27 (28.72%) and 7 (7.44%) respectively. Also, our results indicated that no significant differences in the percentage distributions of the C677T (P=0.518) and A1298C (P=0.514) polymorphisms between males and females carriers. As noted in the findings, the most frequent coexistence of genotypes were 677CT/1298AA (29.78%), 677CC/1298AA (22.34%) and 677CC/1298AC (17.02%%). The coexistence of 677TT/1298AA (11.70%), 677CT/1298 AC (11.70%) and 677CC/1298 CC (7.44%) genotypes was observed less frequently and for 677TT/1298AC, 677CT/1298CC, 677TT/1298CC genotypes, it has been no observed in the studied population. The frequency of MTHFR 677 C and T alleles were 0.66 and 0.31, whereas that of MTHFR1298 A and C alleles were 0.77 and 0.21, respectively. The allelic distributions of the C677T polymorphism remain intermediate in the Aures region (Northeast of Algeria); that support the idea of a north-south gradient. For the A1298C SNP, our funding appears to be lower compared across populations. In addition, the frequency and coexistence of genotypes of the C677T and A 1298C MTHFR gene polymorphisms in the region studied are similar to other ethnic group populations.
Molecular phylogeny of trees species in Tripa Peat Swamp Forest, Aceh, Indonesia inferred by 5.8S nuclear gen
Authors: THOMY ZAIRIN , YULISMA ARDHANA , HARNELLY ESSY , SUSILOWATI ARIDA
Published: October 2018

Authors. 2018. Molecular phylogeny of trees species in Tripa Peat Swamp Forest, Aceh, Indonesia inferred by 5.8S nuclear gen. Biodiversitas 19: 1186-1193. Tripa peat swamp forest is protected areas that have high biodiversity. Nevertheless, in some areas, the damage occurred due to conversions of land function to oil palm plantations. The impact of conversions of peat swamp forest to oil palm plantations has led to biodiversity decreased. Hence, it is important to identify the remain tree species in Tripa peat swamp forest. This study aimed to determinetrees species diversity in Tripa peat swamp forest by using of 5.8S rRNA nuclear gene. Research was conducted at Forest Genetics and Molecular Forestry Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, IPB from September 2015 to August 2016. Molecular identification consisted of DNA extraction, PCR analysis, and sequencing. The data were analyzed using Bioedit, MEGA 6, BLAST, and ITS2 database. Molecular identification using ITS 1 and ITS 4 primer successfully amplified (the ITS region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of 16 trees species from 9 families. BLAST analysis results indicate the presence of 16 species has similar bases sequence with the GeneBank DNA database. The plant species are Branckenridgea palustris (Ochnaceae), Gonystylus sp. (Thymelaeaceae), Tristaniopsis whiteana (Myrtaceae), Syzygium sp.1 (Myrtaceae), Macaranga triloba (Euphorbiaceae), Syzygium garciniifolium (Myrtaceae), Knema intermedia (Myristicaceae), Palaquium ridleyi (Sapotaceae), Palaquium sp. (Sapotaceae), Dyera lowii (Apocynaceae), Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Elaeocarpaceae), Ficus sp. (Moraceae), Syzygium leptostemon (Myrtaceae), Chilocarpus suaveolens (Apocynaceae), Alstonia pneumatophora (Apocynaceae), and Alstonia sp. (Apocynaceae). Phylogeny tree reconstruction using the Neighbor-Joining Method (NJ) showed that 5.8S rRNA nuclear gene was successful as marker for 16 trees species from 9 different families. In addition, the 5.8S also successful for resolving phylogenetic relationships at genus level i.e. Alstonia, Palaquium, Syzygium, Tristaniopsis, Macaranga, Elaeocarpus, and Ficus.
Identification of active compounds and antifungal activity of Toona sinensis leaves fractions against wood rot fungi
Authors: ELFIRTA RIZKI RABECA , FALAH SYAMSUL , ANDRIANTO DIMAS , LASTINI TIEN
Published: October 2018

Elfirta RR, Falah S, Andrianto D, Lastini T. 2018. Identification of active compounds and antifungal activity of Toona sinensis leaves fractions against wood rot fungi. Biodiversitas 19: 1313-1318. Inhibitory activities of surian or toon (Toona sinensis) leaves fraction origin Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia against wood rot fungi (Ganoderma boninense IPBCC 10.658, Trametes versicolor InaCC F200, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium IPBCC 93.259) were studied. The samples were macerated using methanol and acetone. The results of brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) showed that the methanol extract had the highest cytotoxicity of LC50 at 29.76 μg/mL and inhibit the growth of G. boninense (27.78%), T. versicolor (79.26%) and P. chrysosporium (81.11%). The methanol extract was then subsequently fractionated using n-hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate respectively. The diethyl ether fraction was found to have the highest inhibitory activity against T. versicolor (46.30%) and P. chrysosporium (81.11%). This fraction was further separated using column chromatography and analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC), which gave six fractions. Antifungal test exhibited that fraction 5 had the highest antifungal properties against T. versicolor (74.07%) and P. chrysosporium (80.37%). Inhibition of P. chrysosporium resulted in abnormal growth of hyphae morphology as indicated by changes in its growth direction and excessive hyphae branching. Additionally, the results of LC-MS/MS experiment indicated toon leaves fraction 5 which contains N-[2- (D-Glucopyranosyloxy)ethyl]-2-hydroxy-N-[2hydroxy3 (octadecyloxy) propyl] butanamide dan Brucine compounds that were regarded as the antifungal compounds.
Site selection and soil fertility management by the Outer Baduy People (Banten, Indonesia) in maintaining swidden cultivation productivity
Authors: ISKANDAR JOHAN , ISKANDAR BUDIAWATI S. , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: October 2018

Iskandar J, Iskandar BS, Partasasmita R. 2018. Site selection and soil fertility management by the Outer Baduy People (Banten, Indonesia) in maintaining swidden cultivation productivity. Biodiversitas 19: 1334-1346. The Outer Baduy people heavily depend on swidden cultivation for subsistence. They grow rice in the uplands every year based on their calendar. The cropping calendar and calendar of social events are often closely interlinked. There is also traditional wisdom for conservation of land and forest such as the zonation for land use system. The Outer Baduy swidden land productivity is mainly determined by the time period of forest fallow relative to that of the crops. The long-term success of the Outer Baduy swidden cultivation depends on how well the fallow period restores or maintain soil fertility. The aim of this research was to study the local knowledge of Outer Baduy of soil categories and soil fertility and the management of soil fertility in their traditional practice of swidden cultivation. The method used in this study was the qualitative one, applying observation and in-depth interviews to collect the primary data. In addition, soil analysis was conducted by the Laboratory of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia. The results of this study showed that the soils are classified by the Outer Baduy based on color, water content, stoniness or rock parent material, and humus content. To maintain soil fertility in the swidden cultivation, the Outer Baduy people have developed some strategies, such as determining appropriate fallow time period, applying zero tillage, and planting legume crops in both the swidden fields and the fallow land. Traditionally, because the Outer Baduy are forbidden to use inorganic fertilizers, the length of fallow period and kind of vegetation succession have an important role in maintaining soil fertility.
Possibility of co-protection for populations of steppe and forest plants in alone location: A case study in Republic of Mordovia, Russia
Authors: SENCHUGOVA MARIA A. , KHAPUGIN ANATOLIY A.
Published: October 2018

Senchugova MA, Khapugin AA. 2018. Possibility of co-protection for populations of steppe and forest plants in alone location: a case study in Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1387-1395. In conditions of vegetation mosaicity of forest-steppe zone, many threatened plant species from different coenologic groups could growth in spatially close habitats. In this study, we tested whether steppe-related (Iris aphylla) and forest-related (Lilium martagon) plants could inhabit an alone location in conditions of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It would allow a probability to establish a Protected Area for preservation of two target plant species. For this purpose, we studied populations of I. aphylla and L. martagon in different locations, including habitats typical and atypical for these species. Using Jacquard similarity index and Tsyganov ecological scales, we compared floristic compositions and environmental variables of all studied locations. As a result, we revealed 25.3%-probability of co-habitation of I. aphylla and L. martagon in conditions of the Republic of Mordovia. Moreover, a proposed habitat was typical for L. martagon. This species has not been found in grassland habitats, while I. aphylla was registered within forest habitats. Obtained results allow to improve the Protected Areas management in the region by organization of a smaller Protected Area by conserving higher number of threatened plant species.
Towards zero burning peatland preparation: Incentive scheme and stakeholders role
Authors: MURNIATI MURNIATI , SUHARTI SRI
Published: October 2018

Murniati, Suharti S. 2018. Towards zero burning peatland preparation: Incentive scheme and stakeholders role. Biodiversitas 19: 1396-1405. Zero burning during peatland preparation should be implemented to prevent disturbance of its natural biodiversity as well as to minimize the triggering factors of forest fire incidents in Indonesia. The objective of the research is to study method and cost of peatland preparation, alternative incentive schemes to be applied in order to facilitate zero burning farming as well as to identify potential stakeholders involved in the implementation of the incentive. The research was done in Siak District, Riau Province during May to December 2016 through field observation and interview. Two groups of respondents interviewed in the research, i.e., peatland farmers (40 respondents) and officials of related institutions (32 respondents), who were selected through purposive sampling method. The results showed there were three methods of peatland preparation at the research sites practiced by the farmers: (i) Under control burning, (ii) Zero burning, manually and (iii) Zero burning, mechanically. Actual cost of zero burning is significantly higher or more than two times than that of under control burning method. Therefore, there is a need to provide the smallholders peatland farmers with an incentive scheme to support zero burning practice. Margin of cost between zero burning (manually) and under control burning of peatland preparation methods is recommended to be used as standard for incentive. The incentive should be in the form of compulsory programs and applied gradually to assure zero burning peatland preparation widely implemented. Potential stakeholders involved and their commitment to implement the incentive scheme should be encouraged.
Identification of active compounds and anti-acne activity from extracts and fractions of surian (Toona sinensis) leaves planted in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: FEBRIYANI ERISA , FALAH SYAMSUL , ANDRIANTO DIMAS , LASTINI TIEN
Published: October 2018

Febriyani E, Falah S, Andrianto D, Lastini T. 2018. Identification of active compounds and anti-acne activity from extracts and fractions of surian (Toona sinensis) leaves planted in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1406-1412. Surian or toon (Toona sinensis Merr) leave is one of the herbs containing many bioactive compounds as potential sources of anti-acne agents. The aim of this work is to identify and evaluate the anti-acne activity of Surian leaves extract and fractions against acne bacteria. Crude extracts of Surian leaves from various solvents (methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) were screened for their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest inhibition against Propionibacterium acne (49.93%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (57.14%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.93%), and Eschericia coli (82.03%). The results of Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) showed that the methanol extract had the highest cytotoxicity of LC50 at 29.76 μg/mL. The extract was then fractionated using column chromatography, resulted in 6 fractions. The fraction 3 showed the best antibacterial effect against P. acne (28.27%), S. epidermidis (7.38%) and S. aureus (10.38%). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) test were carried out using liquid dilution, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Clindamycin were used as a negative and positive control, respectively. The MIC and MBC test assays of fraction 3 varied for different bacteria P. acne bacteria (5000 and 5000 ppm), S. aureus (1250 and 10000 ppm), E. coli (2500 and 5000 ppm), while for S. epidermidis the fraction 3 was able to inhibit with MIC value of 5000 ppm. Based on microscopic observation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the fraction 3 at the dose of 5000 ppm could promote the cellular destruction of P. acne. Further experiment using Liquid Chromatography-Tendem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed various compounds associated with the anti-acne activity of the fraction 3, such as pheophorbide a, pheophytin a and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid.
Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease
Authors: YANTI LOLA ADRES , ACHMAD ACHMAD , KHUMAIDA NURUL
Published: October 2018

Yanti LA, Achmad, Khumaida N. 2018. Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease. Biodiversitas 19: 1441-1450. Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. seedlings are the most preferred plant for the nursery as they serve a lot of benefits and can be used as shading trees, reforestation, plywood, pulp, paper, and traditional medicines. Further, those benefits can increase the economic value of this plant. The main problem in the nursery of forestry plants is pest and disease attacks, one of which is dieback disease. The dieback disease is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. that may lead death of the host plant. Every plant has its resistance mechanism toward pathogen attacks. This research aimed: (1) to study B. theobromae attack through wounded and non-wounded stem infection methods on white jabon seedlings; (2) to study the resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings both structural and biochemical resistance against B. theobromae. This study employed a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design. The structural resistance was determined by studying the microscopic appearance of the white jabon seedlings’ stem by using a scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile, the biochemical resistance was determined by characterizing the chemical compounds of white jabon seedlings' stem using phytochemistry analysis. The result showed that the disease incidence of the control (inoculated without pathogen isolate) and the inoculated (inoculated with pathogen isolate) seedlings were, respectively, 0% and 100% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 30% (non-wounded). The disease severity of control and inoculated seedlings were 0% and 62% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 12% (non-wounded stem), respectively. The incubation period of wounded and non-wounded stems on inoculated seedlings (inoculated with pathogen isolate) was one day after inoculation with the numeric values (disease scores) of 4 and 2, respectively. White jabon seedlings had necrotic resistance as structural resistance mechanism against the pathogen attack. White jabon seedlings also contained secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoid, phenyl hydroquinone, tannin, saponin, and steroids. The biochemical resistance of white jabon seedling after pathogen attacks was shown by the increase of accumulated phenolic compounds such as flavonoid and tannin.
Coral reefs recruitment in stone substrate on Gosong Pramuka, Seribu Islands, Indonesia
Authors: LUBIS MUHAMMAD ZAINUDDIN , PUJIYATI SRI , PAMUNGKAS DANIEL S , TAUHID MUHAMMAD , ANUROGO WENANG , KAUSARIAN HUSNUL
Published: October 2018

Lubis MZ, Pujiyati S, Tauhid M, Anurogo W, Kausarian H. 2018. Coral reefs recruitment in stone substrate on Gosong Pramuka, Seribu Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1451-1458. Gosong Pramuka is a reef distribution area located in the center of the Seribu Islands of Jakarta, Indonesia. This research was conducted from April to June 2015, located within the Gosong Pramuka area, Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. This location has 4 observation stations: Exposed I and II and Shielded I and II. Coral reefs identified at the study sites consisted of 95 colonies, with colonies most abundant in Exposure Station I (35 colonies), and in the genus Acropora and Porites. Acropora coral growth is tabulated, branching, digitate and encrusting, and Porites are only sub-massive and massive. The average area obtained from recruiting coral colonies had a range of 25-50 cm2, and the average diameter of coral recruits was 9-12 cm. The results of this research determined the coral health index of the area is 2-3. Based on the CoralWatch method, the coral at the station where the research was conducted is classified as under stress conditions. The value of recalculated coral density obtained in this study was 0.22 colony/m2 at Exposure Station I, 0.11 colony/m2 at Shielded Station I, 0.13 colony/m2 at Exposure Station II, and in 0.11 colony/m2 at Shielded Station II. Temperatures in all four stations range from 30-32°C; this temperature range is within the optimum temperature range for coral growth. The depth at all four stations was in the ranged from 70-98 cm; this indicates the stations where the research was conducted is still within an optimum depth.