bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derivatives of 3-Aminopyrazine-2-carboxamides: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and in Vitro Cytotoxicity
Authors: Bouz Ghada , Semelková Lucia , Janďourek Ondřej , Konečná Klára , Paterová Pavla , Navrátilová Lucie , Kubíček Vladimír , Kuneš Jiří , Doležal Martin , Zitko Jan
Published: March 2019

We report the design, synthesis, and in vitro antimicrobial activity of a series of N-substituted 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxamides with free amino groups in position 3 on the pyrazine ring. Based on various substituents on the carboxamidic moiety, the series is subdivided into benzyl, alkyl, and phenyl derivatives. The three-dimensional structures of the title compounds were predicted using energy minimization and low mode molecular dynamics under AMBER10:EHT forcefield. Compounds were evaluated for antimycobacterial, antibacterial, and antifungal activities in vitro. The most active compound against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) was 3-amino-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (17, MIC = 12.5 µg/mL, 46 µM). Antimycobacterial activity against Mtb and M. kansasii along with antibacterial activity increased among the alkyl derivatives with increasing the length of carbon side chain. Antibacterial activity was observed for phenyl and alkyl derivatives, but not for benzyl derivatives. Antifungal activity was observed in all structural subtypes, mainly against Trichophyton interdigitale and Candida albicans. The four most active compounds (compounds 10, 16, 17, 20) were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity in HepG2 cancer cell line; only compound 20 was found to exert some level of cytotoxicity. Compounds belonging to the current series were compared to previously published, structurally related compounds in terms of antimicrobial activity to draw structure activity relationships conclusions.
Curcumin and Resveratrol Regulate Intestinal Bacteria and Alleviate Intestinal Inflammation in Weaned Piglets
Authors: Gan Zhending , Wei Wenyao , Li Yi , Wu Jiamin , Zhao Yongwei , Zhang Lili , Wang Tian , Zhong Xiang
Published: March 2019

Human infants or piglets are vulnerable to intestinal microbe-caused disorders and inflammation due to their rapidly changing gut microbiota and immaturity of their immune systems at weaning. Resveratrol and curcumin have significant anti-inflammatory, bacteria-regulating and immune-promoting effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with resveratrol and curcumin can change the intestinal microbiota and alleviate intestinal inflammation induced by weaning in piglets. One hundred eighty piglets weaned at 21 ± 2 d were fed a control diet (CON group) or supplemented diet (300 mg/kg of antibiotics, ANT group; 300 mg/kg of resveratrol and curcumin, respectively, HRC group; 100 mg/kg of resveratrol and curcumin, respectively, LRC group; 300 mg/kg of resveratrol, RES group; 300 mg/kg of curcumin, CUR group) for 28 days. The results showed that compared with the CON group, curcumin alone and antibiotics decreased the copy numbers of Escherichia coli. Both curcumin and resveratrol down-regulated the level of Toll-like-receptor 4 mRNA and protein expression in the intestine to inhibit the release of critical inflammation molecules (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α), and increase the secretion of immunoglobulin. Our results suggested that curcumin and resveratrol can regulate weaned piglet gut microbiota, down-regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway, alleviate intestinal inflammation, and ultimately increase intestinal immune function.
Antidiabetic, Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activity vs. Terpenoids and Phenolic Compounds in Selected New Cultivars and Hybrids of Artichoke Cynara scolymus L.
Authors: Turkiewicz Igor Piotr , Wojdyło Aneta , Tkacz Karolina , Nowicka Paulina , Hernández Francisca
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical composition of new artichoke cultivars and hybrids and to assess their potential health-promoting properties. Polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls were identified by liquid chromatography-photodiode detector-mass spectrometry/quadrupole time of flight (LC-PDA-MS/QTof) and quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode detector (UPLC-PDA). Sugar and organic acid profiles were prepared, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, FRAP and ORAC) and in vitro antidiabetic (inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and anticholinesterase (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)) potentials were evaluated. The analyses revealed a highly varied content of bioactive compounds and great health-promoting potential significantly depending on a cultivar. The content of polyphenolic compounds ranged from 1681.49 (“Sambo”) to 3638.91 (“Symphony”) mg/100 g of dry weight (DW). “Blanca de Tudela” contained the highest amounts of carotenoids and chlorophylls (3761.91 mg/100 g DW) and exhibited high ABTS and ORAC capacity. Inhibition of antidiabetic enzymes was significant in cvs. “Symphony” and “Calico”. Additionally, all tested cultivars and hybrids turned out to be effective inhibitors of neurodegenerative enzymes.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Catalpalactone Isolated from Catalpa ovata in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Kim Hyo-Young , Han Ah-Reum , Kil Yun-Seo , Seo Eun Kyoung , Jin Chang Hyun
Published: March 2019

Catalpa ovata (Bignoniaceae) is widely distributed throughout Korea, China, and Japan. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of catalpalactone isolated from C. ovata in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Catalpalactone significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The levels of cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were reduced under catalpalactone exposure in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, catalpalactone suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) protein expression and interferon-β (IFN-β) production. Treatment with catalpalactone prevented interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of catalpalactone are associated with the suppression of NO production and iNOS expression through the inhibition of IRF3, NF-κB, and IFN-β/STAT-1 activation.
Metal-Based Scaffolds of Schiff Bases Derived from Naproxen: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Shaheen Muhammad Ashraf , Feng Shanshan , Anthony Mehwish , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Hassan Mubashir , Seo Sung-Yum , Ahmad Saeed , Iqbal Mudassir , Saleem Muhammad , Lu Changrui
Published: March 2019

We report here the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of transition metal complexes of Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, and Cd (6a–f), using a Schiff base ligand (5) derived from naproxen (an anti-inflammatory drug) and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde by a series of reactions. The ligand and the synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Visible, FTIR, and XRD techniques. The ligand 5 behaves as a bidentate donor and coordinates with metals in square planar or tetrahedral fashion. In order to evaluate its bioactivity profile, we screened the Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes (6a–f) against different species of bacteria and the complexes were found to exhibit significant antibacterial activity. The complexes showed more potency against Bacillus subtilis as compared to the other species. Moreover, we modeled these complexes’ binding affinity against COX1 protein using computational docking.
HPLC-DAD Determination of Iodide in Mineral Waters on Phosphatidylcholine Column
Authors: Tatarczak-Michalewska Małgorzata , Flieger Jolanta , Kawka Justyna , Flieger Wojciech , Blicharska Eliza
Published: March 2019

Iodine is an essential nutrient necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. A valuable source of iodide, which is the bio-available iodine form could be mineral waters offered by different spas. In this work, the method capable of direct determination of iodide in mineral water samples based on IAM liquid chromatography on the phosphatidylcholine column (IAM.PC.DD2 Regis HPLC) with DAD detection without sample pretreatment or any pre-concentration steps is presented. The calibration graph for iodide was linear in the range of 0.5–10.0 mg L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The limit of detection was 22.84 ng mL−1. The relative recoveries were in the interval of 98.5–100.2% and the repeatability, expressed as a relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 5%. The RSA (Response Surface Analysis) investigated the effect of the sample concentration and the injection volume. The iodide concentrations in the mineral water samples ranged from 0.58 to 2.88 mg L−1. The accuracy of the method was assessed through independent analysis by ICP-MS. Iodide levels measured by these two procedures did not significantly differ. The effects of interfering ions like HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, F−, and Br− were also tested. The analysis has shown insignificant differences in the values of the iodide peak area and its height measured in multicomponent mixtures with an error smaller than 5%.
Electrically Conductive CNT Composites at Loadings below Theoretical Percolation Values
Authors: Earp Brian , Simpson Joseph , Phillips Jonathan , Grbovic Dragoslav , Vidmar Stephen , McCarthy Jacob , Luhrs Claudia C.
Published: March 2019

It is well established that dramatic increases in conductivity occur upon the addition of conductive filler materials to highly resistive polymeric matrices in experimental settings. However, the mechanisms responsible for the observed behavior at low filler loadings, below theoretical percolation limits, of even high aspect ratio fillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) are not completely understood. In this study, conductive composites were fabricated using CNT bundles dispersed in epoxy resins at diverse loadings, using different dispersion and curing protocols. Based on electron microscopy observation of the CNTs strands distribution in the polymeric matrices and the corresponding electrical conductivities of those specimens, we concluded that no single electron transfer model can accurately explain the conductive behavior for all the loading values. We propose the existence of two different conductive mechanisms; one that exists close to the percolation limit, from ‘low loadings’ to higher CNT contents (CNT % wt > 0.1) and a second for ‘extremely low loadings’, near the percolation threshold (CNT % wt < 0.1). The high conductivity observed for composites at low CNT loading values can be explained by the existence of a percolative CNT network that coexists with micron size regions of non-conductive material. In contrast, samples with extremely low CNT loading values, which present no connectivity or close proximity between CNT bundles, show an electrical conductivity characterized by a current/voltage dependence. Data suggests that at these loadings, conduction may occur via a material breakdown mechanism, similar to dielectric breakdown in a capacitor. The lessons learned from the data gathered in here could guide future experimental research aimed to control the conductivity of CNT composites.
High Levels of Prebiotic Resistant Starch in Diet Modulate Gene Expression and Metabolomic Profile in Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Mice
Authors: Panebianco Concetta , Villani Annacandida , Pazienza Valerio
Published: March 2019

Cancer initiation and protection mainly derives from a systemic metabolic environment regulated by dietary patterns. Less is known about the impact of nutritional interventions in people with a diagnosis of cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of a diet rich in resistant starch (RS) on cell pathways modulation and metabolomic phenotype in pancreatic cancer xenograft mice. RNA-Seq experiments on tumor tissue showed that 25 genes resulted in dysregulated pancreatic cancer in mice fed with an RS diet, as compared to those fed with control diet. Moreover, in these two different mice groups, six serum metabolites were deregulated as detected by LC–MS analysis. A bioinformatic prediction analysis showed the involvement of the differentially expressed genes on insulin receptor signaling, circadian rhythm signaling, and cancer drug resistance among the three top canonical pathways, whilst cell death and survival, gene expression, and neurological disease were among the three top disease and biological functions. These findings shed light on the genomic and metabolic phenotype, contributing to the knowledge of the mechanisms through which RS may act as a potential supportive approach for enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer treatments.
Effect of PolyGlycopleX (PGX) Consumption on Blood Lipid Profiles in Healthy, Low CVD Risk Overweight Adults
Authors: Solah Vicky A. , Kerr Deborah A. , Irawati Deasy , Hunt Wendy , Meng Xingqiong , Gahler Roland J. , Fenton Haelee K. , Johnson Stuart K. , James Anthony P. , Wood Simon
Published: March 2019

Raised blood lipid levels are associated with a risk of a cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moderate reductions in several CVD factors such as total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol concentrations may be more effective in reducing overall risk than a major reduction in just one. A blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted with 120 healthy overweight (BMI 25–30) adults aged 25–70 years who were non-smokers, not diabetic and of low risk of cardiovascular disease, as assessed by the Framingham risk equation. Participants consumed 4.5 g PolyGlycopleX (PGX) as softgel capsules (PGXS) or 5 g PGX granules (PGXG) or 5 g rice flour (RF) with meals three times a day for 12 weeks. Total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol were all significantly reduced (−6%, −5% and −3.5%, respectively) post the PGX granule treatment; however, PGX in softgel capsule form did not affect blood lipid profiles. Daily consumption of PGX granules in overweight low CVD risk adults produced lipid changes indicating a CVD preventative benefit.
Protein Hydrolysates from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as Nutraceutical Molecules in Colon Cancer Treatment
Authors: Allaoui Amine , Gascón Sonia , Benomar Souhila , Quero Javier , Osada Jesús , Nasri Moncef , Rodríguez-Yoldi María Jesús , Boualga Ahmed
Published: March 2019

The application of plant extracts for therapeutic purposes has been used in traditional medicine since the plants are a source of a great variety of chemical compounds that possess biological activity. Actually, the effect of these extracts on diseases such as cancer is being widely studied. Colorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the main causes of cancer related to death and the second most prevalent carcinoma in Western countries. The aim of this work is to study the possible effect of two fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) protein hydrolysates on treatment and progression of colorectal cancer. Fenugreek proteins from seeds were hydrolysed by using two enzymes separately, which are named Purafect and Esperase, and were then tested on differentiated and undifferentiated human colonic adenocarcinoma Caco2/TC7 cells. Both hydrolysates did not affect the growth of differentiated cells, while they caused a decrease in undifferentiated cell proliferation by early apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in phase G1. This was triggered by a mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, cytochrome C release to cytoplasm, and caspase-3 activation. In addition, the hydrolysates of fenugreek proteins displayed antioxidant activity since they reduce the intracellular levels of ROS. These findings suggest that fenugreek protein hydrolysates could be used as nutraceutical molecules in colorectal cancer treatment.
Rice Bran Supplement Containing a Functional Substance, the Novel Peptide Leu-Arg-Ala, Has Anti-Hypertensive Effects: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Ogawa Yutaro , Shobako Naohisa , Fukuhara Ikuo , Satoh Hisao , Kobayashi Etsuko , Kusakari Takashi , Suwa Makoto , Matsumoto Motonobu , Ishikado Atsushi
Published: March 2019

The anti-hypertensive effect of processed rice bran (PRB) was recently reported, for which the novel peptide Leu-Arg-Ala (LRA) was identified as the functional substance. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-hypertensive effects of a rice bran supplement containing PRB in individuals with high-normal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP): 130–139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 85–89 mmHg) or grade 1 hypertension (SBP: 140–159 mmHg and/or DBP: 90–99 mmHg). One hundred individuals with high-normal blood pressure or grade 1 hypertension were recruited to participate in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Participants were randomly allocated to the placebo group (n = 50) or the test group (n = 50). Each group took four test tablets (43 μg LRA/day) or four placebo tablets daily. The decrease in blood pressure in the test group compared with the placebo group was the primary outcome. Adverse events were recorded and hematological/urinary parameters measured to determine the safety of the supplement, which was the secondary outcome. In total, 87 participants completed the study. The SBP of the test group at 12 weeks was significantly lower than that of the placebo group (p = 0.0497). No serious adverse events were observed. Daily consumption of a rice bran supplement containing PRB can safely improve mildly elevated blood pressure.
Total Dairy, Cheese and Milk Intake and Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies
Authors: Diez-Fernández Ana , Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Recio-Rodríguez José I , Cavero-Redondo Iván
Published: March 2019

The aim of this review was to determine the relationship between dairy product consumption and arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). We systematically searched the Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases until 30 January 2019 for cross-sectional data from studies addressing the association between dairy product consumption and PWV. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018110528). Both the inverse-variance fixed effects method and the DerSimonian and Laird method were used to compute pooled estimates of effect size (ES) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 16,443 patients. Total dairy product (ES = −0.03; 95% CI [−0.04, −0.01]) and cheese (ES = −0.04; 95% CI [−0.07, −0.01]) consumption were weak, but significantly associated with lower PWV levels. Conversely, milk intake showed no significant association with PWV (ES = 0.02; 95% CI [−0.01, 0.05]). Heterogeneity in the ES was not important for the three groups of dairy products assessed. This systematic review and meta-analysis of seven studies found no detrimental effects of dairy product consumption on arterial stiffness measured by PWV. Due to the scarcity of studies, further investigations are warranted to clarify the role of dairy products on arterial stiffness.
The Relationship of the Atlantic Diet with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Markers of Arterial Stiffness in Adults without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Rodríguez-Martín Carmela , Garcia-Ortiz Luis , Rodriguez-Sanchez Emiliano , Martin-Cantera Carlos , Soriano-Cano Alba , Arietaleanizbeaskoa Maria S. , Magdalena-Belio Jose F. , Menendez-Suarez Marta , Maderuelo-Fernandez Jose A. , Lugones-Sanchez Cristina , Gómez-Marcos Manuel A. , Recio-Rodríguez José I.
Published: March 2019

Background: Studying the adherence of the population to the Atlantic Diet (AD) could be simplified by an easy and quickly applied dietary index. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship of an index measuring compliance with recommendations regarding the Atlantic diet and physical activity with cardiovascular disease risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, obesity indexes and arterial stiffness markers. Methods: We included 791 individuals from the EVIDENT study (lifestyles and arterial ageing), (52.3 ± 12 years, 61.7% women) without cardiovascular disease. Compliance with recommendations on AD was collected through the responses to a food frequency questionnaire, while physical activity was measured by accelerometer. The number of recommendations being met was estimated using a global scale between 0 and 14 points (a higher score representing greater adherence). Blood pressure, plasma lipid and glucose values and obesity rates were measured. Cardiovascular risk was estimated with the Framingham equation. Results: In the overall sample, 184 individuals (23.3%) scored between 0–3 on the 14-point index we created, 308 (38.9%) between 4 and 5 points, and 299 (37.8%) 6 or more points. The results of multivariate analysis yield a common tendency in which the group with an adherence score of at least 6 points shows lower figures for total cholesterol (p = 0.007) and triglycerides (p = 0.002). Similarly, overall cardiovascular risk in this group is the lowest (p < 0.001), as is pulse wave velocity (p = 0.050) and the mean values of the obesity indexes studied (p < 0.05 in all cases). Conclusion: The rate of compliance with the Atlantic diet and physical activity shows that greater adherence to these recommendations is linked to lower cardiovascular risk, lower total cholesterol and triglycerides, lower rates of obesity and lower pulse wave velocity values.
MRI of the Colon in the Pharmaceutical Field: The Future before us
Authors: Sulaiman Sarah , Marciani Luca
Published: March 2019

Oral solid drug formulation is the most common route for administration and it is vital to increase knowledge of the gastrointestinal physiological environment to understand dissolution and absorption processes and to develop reliable biorelevant in vitro tools. In particular, colon targeted drug formulations have raised the attention of pharmaceutical scientists because of the great potential of colonic drug delivery. However, the distal bowel is still a relatively understudied part of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been gaining an emerging role in studying the colon. This article provides a comprehensive; contemporary review of the literature on luminal MRI of the colonic environment of the last 15 years with specific focus on colon physiological dimensions; motility; chyme and fluids; transit and luminal flow. The work reviewed provides novel physiological insight that will have a profound impact on our understanding of the colonic environment for drug delivery and absorption and will ultimately help to raise the in vitro/in vivo relevance of computer simulations and bench models.
Assessment of Ozone Sensitivity in Three Wheat Cultivars Using Ethylenediurea
Authors: Fatima Adeeb , Singh Aditya Abha , Mukherjee Arideep , Dolker Tsetan , Agrawal Madhoolika , Agrawal Shashi Bhushan
Published: March 2019

Three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars [HD 2987 (ozone (O3) sensitive), PBW 502 (intermediately sensitive) and Kharchiya 65 (O3 tolerant)] with known sensitivity to O3 were re-evaluated using ethylenediurea (EDU; 400 ppm) to ascertain the use of EDU in determiningO3 sensitivity under highly O3-polluted tropical environments. EDU treatment helped in improving the growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments and the antioxidative defense system of all the wheat cultivars. Under EDU treatment, PBW 502 retained more biomass, while HD 2987 showed better performance and ultimately the greatest increment in yield. Cultivar Kharchiya 65 also showed a positive response to EDU as manifested with an increase in pigment contents, total biomass and enzymatic antioxidants; however, this increment was comparatively lower compared to the other two cultivars. The results indicated that EDU did not have many physiological effects on cultivars but helped in counteracting O3 primarily by scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the antioxidative defense system where superoxide dismutase emerged as the major responsive biochemical parameter against ambient O3. The observed results clearly indicated that differential O3 sensitivity in three wheat cultivars established by the previous study is in accordance with the present study using EDU as a sensitivity tool, which is an easy and efficient technology in comparison to chamber and Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiments although its mechanistic understanding needs to be further validated.
A Highly Selective Turn-on and Reversible Fluorescent Chemosensor for Al3+ Detection Based on Novel Salicylidene Schiff Base-Terminated PEG in Pure Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bai Liping , Xu Yuhang , Li Guang , Tian Shuhui , Li Leixuan , Tao Farong , Deng Aixia , Wang Shuangshuang , Wang Liping
Published: March 2019

The development of highly selective and sensitive chemosensors for Al3+ detection in pure aqueous solution is still a significant challenge. In this work, a novel water-soluble polymer PEGBAB based on salicylidene Schiff base has been designed and synthesized as a turn-on fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of Al3+ in 100% aqueous solution. PEGBAB exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity to Al3+ over other competitive metal ions with the detection limit as low as 4.05 × 10−9 M. PEGBAB displayed high selectivity to Al3+ in the pH range of 5–10. The fluorescence response of PEGBAB to Al3+ was reversible in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Based on the fluorescence response, an INHIBIT logic gate was constructed with Al3+ and EDTA as two inputs. Moreover, test strips based on PEGBAB were fabricated facilely for convenient on-site detection of Al3+.
POSS-Derived Synthesis and Full Life Structural Analysis of Si@C as Anode Material in Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Bai Ziyu , Tu Wenmao , Zhu Junke , Li Junsheng , Deng Zhao , Li Danpeng , Tang Haolin
Published: March 2019

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-derived Si@C anode material is prepared by the copolymerization of octavinyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (octavinyl-POSS) and styrene. Octavinyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane has an inorganic core (-Si8O12) and an organic vinyl shell. Carbonization of the core-shell structured organic-inorganic hybrid precursor results in the formation of carbon protected Si-based anode material applicable for lithium ion battery. The initial discharge capacity of the battery based on the as-obtained Si@C material Si reaches 1500 mAh g−1. After 550 charge-discharge cycles, a high capacity of 1430 mAh g−1 was maintained. A combined XRD, XPS and TEM analysis was performed to investigate the variation of the discharge performance during the cycling experiments. The results show that the decrease in discharge capacity in the first few cycles is related to the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The subsequent rise in the capacity can be ascribed to the gradual morphology evolution of the anode material and the loss of capacity after long-term cycles is due to the structural pulverization of silicon within the electrode. Our results not only show the high potential of the novel electrode material but also provide insight into the dynamic features of the material during battery cycling, which is useful for the future design of high-performance electrode material.
Conceptualization of “Taking the Essence” (bcud len) as Tantric Rituals in the Writings of Sangye Gyatso: A Tradition or Interpretation?
Authors: Chui Tony
Published: March 2019

Chülen (bcud len), the practice of “taking the essence”, is an important practice within the Tibetan medical tradition. Through nourishing the body with the so-called depleted “essence”, not only can one extend their lifespan but the practitioner can also restore their physical vitality. In recent years, this practice seems to be shifting away from the traditional religious mode of chülen involving tantric practices and rituals. Among the Tibetan medical literature, chülen is much emphasized in its religious aspects in the two important 17th century Tibetan medical commentaries on the Four Tantras (Rgyud bzhi) by the regent of the Fifth Dalai Lama, Desi Sangye Gyatso (Sde srid sangs rgyas rgya mtsho, 1653–1705): the Blue Beryl (Vaiḍūrya sngon po) and the Extended Commentary on the Instructional Tantra of the Four Tantras (Man ngag lhan thabs). Both texts are considered to be the most significant commentaries to the Four Tantras and have exerted a momentous impact on the interpretation of the Four Tantras even up to recent times. In their chapters on chülen, an assortment of chülen practices can be found. While there are some methods solely involving the extraction of essence in the material sense, there are also some in the spiritual-alchemical sense which are not observed in the Four Tantras. In this paper, I focus on the elaboration of the Four Tantras by Sangye Gyatso via his portrayal of ritualistic chülen in his two commentaries, where the tantric mode of promoting longevity and rekindling vitality is made efficacious by the operative socio-religious factors of his era, and which still exert their effect on our perception of chülen today.
Not One World but Two. The Future in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature
Authors: Collins John
Published: March 2019

The Jewish apocalyptic literature that first appears in the Hellenistic period and continues into the Common Era developed a radically novel view of the future. As formulated in the apocalypse of 4 Ezra about the end of the first century CE, the Most High created not one world but two. This world must be utterly destroyed and replaced by a new creation. This view of the future is inherited in the New Testament, most strikingly in the Book of Revelation. It would have enormous but ambivalent implications for western history. On the one hand, it threatened to undermine the importance of working for a better life in this world. On the other hand, it offered hope to those who would otherwise have no hope at all.
Some Contemporary Dilemmas of Korean Buddhism: A Critical Review of the Jogye Order’s 2018 Periodic Report
Authors: Kim Kyungrae , Kim Eunyoung , Seo Wangmo , Park Cheonghwan
Published: March 2019

According to the Jogye Order’s 2018 periodic report, the average age of monks is increasing and the number of monks is decreasing. In order to offer solutions to these problems, the report presents and analyzes by dividing those themes into six sub-topics, namely: decrease of births; decrease of postulants; aging of postulants; rapidly changing educational environment; teaching aptitude of educators; education budget. The report lists a variety of information derived from the raw data and offers suggestions regarding these six topics. However, the report has several failings, as the research misunderstands the data at times, and their report does not present proper interpretations and concrete solutions. The final suggestions that the report proposes to increase the number of monks seem to be misguided and ineffective. This article critically scrutinizes the Jogye Order’s latest report to identify and correct some data misinterpretations and offer new insights that the authors believe would help our leaders come up with better solutions.
Keening the Dead: Ancient History or a Ritual for Today?
Authors: Mc Laughlin Mary
Published: March 2019

In his 1909 work ‘Rites De Passage’, Arnold van Gennep acknowledges that a ritual often contains ‘rites within rites’. So, it was with the ancient ritual of the Irish wake, at the center of which was another ritual, that of the keen, the Irish funeral lament. The past tense is used tentatively here, as in this article the author explores the resilience of the ritual and how, rather than becoming extinct, the keen seems to spend periods of time underground before erupting again in a new form, attuning itself to a more contemporaneous social situation. Drawing on ethnographic and bibliographic research undertaken between 2010 and 2018, the author traces some of the history of the keen within the ritual of the Irish wake and funeral and gives instances of how it is being reconfigured in the 21st century. This continuation of the ritual, albeit in a new format, seems to speak to a deep emotional and spiritual need that may not be satisfied by more conventional religion in Ireland. Finally, the author considers the keen’s relevance and place in Irish society today.
The Approach to Industry 4.0 within the Slovak Business Environment
Authors: Grenčíková Adriana , Kordoš Marcel , Sokol Jakub
Published: March 2019

Academics, executives and top managers have solid, but also diverse, views on the Industry 4.0 issue, as do the employment policymakers. Without urgent and targeted measures to manage the short-term transition and shape the labor force with the skills needed for the future, governments will have to face increasing unemployment and social impacts, while companies will have to deal with a sluggish consumer base. The main goal of this paper is to find out how managers are perceived and informed about the Industry 4.0 concept and how quickly these views are changing. To accomplish this goal, methods such as analysis, synthesis, statistical methods and logical deduction are to used along with the conducted survey being executed by a questioner method. The conducted survey presented by the authors in this paper aims to support the discussion and open up opportunities for further action by providing views to HR managers in strategic employers who are among the leading representatives of new trends and are the key actors in the implementation of future labor development strategies in the Slovak Republic.
Sustainable Use of Cultural Heritage in the Formation of Healing Environments: A Case Study of a Healthcare Facility on a Historic Urban Site
Authors: Jeong Tae Jong
Published: March 2019

Seoul National University (SNU) Medical Campus and Hospital has undergone constant changes throughout its history, from its beginnings as the site of Kyungmo Palace, to its later development as Seoul Daehan Hospital. In the process of this change, the campus has become layered with sites of historical and cultural heritage and various architectural styles. This study examines the spatial location of medical/education facilities and their connectivity to heritage sites, and the formation of a “healing environment” that utilizes the historical/cultural heritage of SNU Medical Campus and Hospital, as well as the resulting sustainability of these heritage sites. This is accomplished by analyzing the layout of facilities, the spatial composition of the campus, and historical/cultural factors. The formation of healing environments for healthcare facilities traditionally employs the natural environment, and healing environments in urban areas commonly utilize landscapes. SNU Medical Campus and Hospital is an excellent case study for the future potential of utilizing cultural heritage sites as healing environments. The formation of a healing environment for medical spaces that utilizes the historical and cultural environment gives new meaning to cultural heritage through their sustainable use.
Investigating the Constraints to Buidling Information Modeling (BIM) Applications for Sustainable Building Projects: A Case of China
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chu Zhenwei , He Qing , Zhai Peipei
Published: March 2019

China’s construction industry is facing significant challenges in achieving sustainable development and digital operations. Integrating building information modeling (BIM) and sustainable construction is a good method for achieving these goals. However, barriers impact the applications of BIM technology to sustainable buildings, resulting in significant cost loss and time. As such, it is important to identify the constraints, hindering the application of BIM technology in sustainable buildings. This study used the factor analysis method, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the key constraints and conducted a questionnaire survey with 389 respondents to investigate the applications of BIM technology in sustainable building projects. The results showed that there were four main constraining factors: “Public participation”, “technology application”, “economic cost”, and “application management”; “public participation” was particularly important. The study offers practical and managerial implications based on the findings for local government and the private sector and thus can improve the implementation of BIM technology in sustainable buildings and contribute to the accomplishment of China’s sustainable development goals.
Anti-Periodic Boundary Value Problems for Nonlinear Langevin Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Li Fang , Zeng Hongjuan , Wang Huiwen
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we focus on the existence of solutions of the nonlinear Langevin fractional differential equations involving anti-periodic boundary value conditions. By using some techniques, formulas of solutions for the above problem and some properties of the Mittag-Leffler functions E α , β ( z ) , α , β ∈ ( 1 , 2 ) , z ∈ R are presented. Moreover, we utilize the fixed point theorem under the weak assumptions for nonlinear terms to obtain the existence result of solutions and give an example to illustrate the result.
Towards Infinite Tilings with Symmetric Boundaries
Authors: Stenger Florian , Voigt Axel
Published: March 2019

Large-time coarsening and the associated scaling and statistically self-similar properties are used to construct infinite tilings. This is realized using a Cahn–Hilliard equation and special boundaries on each tile. Within a compromise between computational effort and the goal to reduce recurrences, an infinite tiling has been created and software which zooms in and out evolve forward and backward in time as well as traverse the infinite tiling horizontally and vertically. We also analyze the scaling behavior and the statistically self-similar properties and describe the numerical approach, which is based on finite elements and an energy-stable time discretization.
Biomarkers for Exposure as a Tool for Efficacy Testing of a Mycotoxin Detoxifier in Broiler Chickens and Pigs
Authors: Lauwers Marianne , Croubels Siska , Letor Ben , Gougoulias Christos , Devreese Mathias
Published: March 2019

Applying post-harvest control measures such as adding mycotoxin detoxifying agents is a frequently-used mitigation strategy for mycotoxins. EFSA states that the efficacy of these detoxifiers needs to be tested using specific biomarkers for exposure. However, the proposed biomarkers for exposure are not further optimized for specific target species. Hence, the goal of this study was (a) to evaluate the most suitable biomarkers for deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in porcine plasma, urine and feces; and DON, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in plasma and excreta of broiler chickens and (b) to determine the efficacy of a candidate detoxifier, as a proof-of-concept study. Therefore, a mixture of mycotoxins was administered as a single oral bolus with or without detoxifying agent. In accordance with literature AFB1, OTA, and DON-sulphate (DON-S) proved optimal biomarkers in broilers plasma and excreta whereas, in pigs DON-glucuronide (DON-GlcA) and ZEN-glucuronide (ZEN-GlcA) proved the optimal biomarkers in plasma, DON and ZEN-GlcA in urine and, ZEN in feces. A statistically significant reduction was seen between control and treatment group for both AFB1 and DON in broiler plasma, under administration of the mycotoxin blend and detoxifier dose studied suggesting thus, beneficial bioactivity.
Adsorption of Phosphates from Aqueous Solutions on Alginate/Goethite Hydrogel Composite
Authors: Siwek Hanna , Bartkowiak Artur , Włodarczyk Małgorzata
Published: March 2019

The basic process to reduce the phosphate ions in aquatic environments is to move the phosphorus circulation processes on the water–sediment phase boundary towards depositing it in the solid phase through chemical precipitation or adsorption. Modern technologies for removal of phosphorus can be based on cheap and environmentally friendly natural polysaccharides modified with multivalent metals. In this study alginate/goethite hydrogel composite has been investigated for phosphate uptake from aqueous solutions. The composite was produced by a cross-linking reaction between sodium alginate and calcium chloride in six configurations of suspensions, which differed in goethite content. In all cases, spherical and durable capsules of alginate/goethite composite were produced. In laboratory tests, mechanical stability of the capsules at various temperatures and the coexisting ions of lake water were tested. Chemical composition of the aquatic environment had a strong influence on their mechanical stability. Static batch adsorption of phosphate studies were carried out for two adsorbents: goethite and alginate/goethite composite. The goethite gelation resulted in almost double growth of sorption capacity in the case of adsorption from deionized water and, on average, a 50% growth in adsorption from the environmental water compared to raw goethite. The alginate/goethite adsorbent removed phosphate in a wide pH spectrum—from 4 to 10. Results suggest that the proposed adsorbent has potential for the removal of phosphate from contaminated water.
Assessment of Flood Extremes Using Downscaled CMIP5 High-Resolution Ensemble Projections of Near-Term Climate for the Upper Thu Bon Catchment in Vietnam
Authors: Nam Do Hoai , Hoa Tran Dinh , Duong Phan Cao , Thuan Duong Hai , Mai Dang Thanh
Published: March 2019

Exploring potential floods is both essential and critical to making informed decisions for adaptation options at a river basin scale. The present study investigates changes in flood extremes in the future using downscaled CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project—Phase 5) high-resolution ensemble projections of near-term climate for the Upper Thu Bon catchment in Vietnam. Model bias correction techniques are utilized to improve the daily rainfall simulated by the multi-model climate experiments. The corrected rainfall is then used to drive a calibrated supper-tank model for runoff simulations. The flood extremes are analyzed based on the Gumbel extreme value distribution and simulation of design hydrograph methods. Results show that the former method indicates almost no changes in the flood extremes in the future compared to the baseline climate. However, the later method explores increases (approximately 20%) in the peaks of very extreme events in the future climate, especially, the flood peak of a 50-year return period tends to exceed the flood peak of a 100-year return period of the baseline climate. Meanwhile, the peaks of shorter return period floods (e.g., 10-year) are projected with a very slight change. Model physical parameterization schemes and spatial resolution seem to cause larger uncertainties; while different model runs show less sensitivity to the future projections.
Assessing the Vulnerability of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates to Climate Warming in a Mountainous Watershed: Supplementing Presence-Only Data with Species Traits
Authors: Besacier Monbertrand Anne-Laure , Timoner Pablo , Rahman Kazi , Burlando Paolo , Fatichi Simone , Gonseth Yves , Moser Frédéric , Castella Emmanuel , Lehmann Anthony
Published: March 2019

Mountainous running water ecosystems are vulnerable to climate change with major changes coming from warming temperatures. Species distribution will be affected and some species are anticipated to be winners (increasing their range) or losers (at risk of extinction). Climate change vulnerability is seldom integrated when assessing threat status for lists of species at risk (Red Lists), even though this might appear an important addition in the current context. The main objective of our study was to assess the potential vulnerability of Ephemeroptera (E), Plecoptera (P) and Trichoptera (T) species to global warming in a Swiss mountainous region by supplementing Species Distribution Models (SDMs) with a trait-based approach, using available historical occurrence and environmental data and to compare our outcomes with the Swiss National Red List. First, we used nine different modelling techniques and topographic, land use, climatic and hydrological variables as predictors of EPT species distribution. The shape of the response curves of the species for the environmental variables in the nine modelling techniques, together with three biological and ecological traits were used to assess the potential vulnerability of each species to climate change. The joint use of SDMs and trait approach appeared complementary and even though discrepancies were highlighted between SDMs and trait analyses, groups of potential “winners” and “losers” were raised out. Plecoptera appeared as the most vulnerable group to global warming. Divergences between current threat status of species and our results pointed out the need to integrate climate change vulnerability in Red List assessments.
Investigation into Complex Boundary Solutions of Water Filling Process in Pipeline Systems
Authors: Zhang Boran , Wan Wuyi , Fan Leilei
Published: March 2019

Boundary conditions are usually the key problem in the establishment of a numerical model for simulation. An algorithmic method is needed to obtain a concrete numerical solution when the combined controlling equation sets are difficult to solve analytically. In this research, a type of algorithm known as the double forward method (DFM) is proposed to solve complex boundary conditions. The accuracy of the DFM is controllable, and it was found to be reliable when applying it to the water filling process in a water supply pipeline system. The DFM can also be used to solve multidimensional problems. In addition, the established water filling model in this study combined an open channel flow and a pressured flow, and a surge tank boundary condition was developed to fit the entire water filling process.
Response of Landscape and Ecological Characteristics to the Optimal Rainwater Harvesting Dual-Element Mulch Covered Soil Model in Beijing
Authors: Wang Caiyuan , Yang Peiling , Li Yunkai , Yang Zhongshan , Ren Shumei , Zang Min , Wang Yajuan , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2019

The implementation of energy conservation and emissions reduction in Beijing prompted yearly increases in the area of urban green space, leading to direct increases in urban water consumption. This aggravated an already tense situation of water shortage. Considering the low irrigation water utilization effectives of the urban green space system, the typical urban greening shrub (Ligustrum vicaryi) was selected as the research object of this study. In a pot experiment, three mulch materials were selected: gravel (CH1), pine needles + gravel (CH2), and bark + gravel (CH3). These materials were set to a uniform thickness of 3 cm, and soil water was maintained between 75% and 85% of the field capacity. Using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics model, the physiological and ecological response characteristics of Ligustrum vicaryi were investigated under different combinations of mulch material. The results for various processing, regarding plant growth, showed CH3 > CH2 > CH1 > CK (Control Check). The leaf area, total leaf area, and leaf area index of CH3 were, respectively, 21.4%, 21.9%, and 62.5% larger than those of the control check (CK). Regarding physiological characteristics, photosynthetic rate, evaporation rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency of CH3 were better than for the other treatments. Regarding ecological services, carbon fixation, oxygen release, cooling, and quantity of humidification of CH3 were optimal. Considered comprehensively for the landscape function, physical characteristics, and ecological services of Ligustrum vicaryi, the preliminary thought is that bark and gravel dual-element mulch, with a layer thickness of 3 cm, was the optimal soil cover treatment for the typical city greening shrub Ligustrum vicaryi. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy mathematical model for the evaluation of the effects of different soil cover treatments on the landscape function, ecological service function, and physiological characteristics of Ligustrum vicaryi was reliable and feasible. The model evaluation results match the actual ones.