bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASPEK YURIDIS PEMAKAIAN NAMA DAERAH DALAM USAHA KULINER BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG MEREK DAN INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS
Authors: Indriani Azvina , ' Pranoto
Published: February 2021

Abstract

This article aims to determinate whether in every culinary brand that uses the name of the region is a geographical indication and whether it adversely affects the typical culinary business in the area.This research is done by legal research method. The prescriptive nature of learning the purpose of law, concepts and legal norms. The research approach used is a legal approach to review all laws and regulations on legal issues. Research location at the ministry of justice and human rights of the republic of Indonesia. Research sources are primary legal materials in the form of legislation, secondary legal materials such as bibliography, non legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Technique of collecting data by interview. The technique of analysis of legal materials using data analysis technique with deductive logic.Based on the results of research conducted by the authors can be concluded that in the actual rules the use of regional names for the brand or culinary business is allowed. Because basically not all culinary efforts that use or enter the name of the region is reffered to as a geographical indication. Because it uses a valid region name only if there is a brand element in it.
Keywords: Culinary Business; Brand; Geographical Indication.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dalam setiap suatu merek kuliner yang memakai nama daerah merupakan suatu indikasi geografis dan apakah mempunyai dampak yang buruk terhadap bisnis kuliner yang khas di daerah tersebut.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian hukum. Bersifat preskriptif yaitu mempelajari tujuan hukum, nilai keadilan validitas aturan hukum, konsep serta norma hukum. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan bersifat pendekatan perundang-undangan untuk menelaah semua undang-undang dan regulasi yang bersangkut dengan isu hukum. Lokasi penelitian di Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Republik Indonesia. Sumber penelitian adalah bahan hukum primer yang berupa perundang-undangan, Bahan hukum sekunder yaitu kepustakaan, bahan non hukum dan bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara. Teknik analisis bahan hukum menggunakan teknik analisis data dengan logika deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang di lakukan penulis dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam aturan yang sebenarnya pemakaian nama daerah untuk suatu merek atau bisnis kuliner diizinkan. Karena pada dasarnya tidak semua usaha kuliner yang menggunakan atau mencantumkan nama daerah disebut sebagai indikasi geografis. Karena menggunakan nama daerahsah saja apabila ada elemen merek di dalamnya.
Kata kunci: Usaha Kuliner; Merek.;Indikasi Geografis.
TANGGUNG GUGAT PERDATA ANGKUTAN UMUM BERBASIS ONLINE TERHADAP PENUMPANG APABILA TERJADI SUATU KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Asmara Putri Margaretha Evelin , Imanullah Moch. Najib
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This Legal Writing examines the civil liability carried out by Go-Jek as a Transportation Application Company in case of traffic accidents on the highway. This author uses the method of research methods Normative research. The results of this study is Go-Jek as an application company is not obliged to provide compensation for victims / heirs.
Keywords: accountable; legal entities; online transport; traffic accidents.

Abstrak
Penulisan Hukum ini mengkaji mengenai tanggung gugat perdata yang dilakukan oleh Go-Jek sebagai Perusahaan Aplikasi Transportasi apabila terjadi kecelakaan lalu lintas di jalan raya. Penulis ini menggunakan metode penelitian metode penelitian Normatif. Hasil Penelitian ini adalah Go-Jek sebagai perusahaan aplikasi tidak wajib memberikan ganti kerugian terhadap korban / ahli warisnya.
Kata kunci : tanggung gugat; badan hukum; transportasi online; kecelakaan lalu lintas
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMEGANG LISENSI HAK CIPTA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA (Studi Putusan Nomor: 09/HKI.Hak Cipta/2014/ PN Niaga Jo Putusan M.A Nomor: 80 K/Pdt.Sus-Hki/2016)
Authors: Triantoro R. Adhitya Nugraha , Hadi Hernawan
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article is aims to determine theregulation of law protection for the copyright licensee and to know the form of legal protection for the copyright licensee in the case of Copyright dispute between PT. Inter Sport Marketing against PT. Bhavana Andalan Klating and Alila Villa Soori (Study of Decision Number: 09 / HKI.HAK CIPTA / 2014 / PN Niaga Jo Decision of M.A Number: 80 K / Pdt.Sus-Hki / 2016). This research is normative legaland applied using a statute approach and case approach.Legal materials  source used include the primary and secondary legal materials that using literature as a technique of  collecting legal material. Technical analysis is the method of deductive syllogism.Based on the research result and the session generated the conclusion which is,first point,The legal protection for the copyright licensee holder can be a preventive effort by recording the copyright license contained in the provisions of Article 83 of the Copyright Act and repressive efforts through alternative dispute settlement, arbitration or by court contained in the provisions of Article 95 of the Copyright Act. The second conclusion is PT. Inter Sport Marketing gets the legal protection for its rights through repressive efforts with filing a lawsuit in the Commercial Court and receives compensation.
Keywords : Legal Protection, Licencing, Copyrights

 

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang lisensi hak cipta dan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang lisensi hak cipta dalam kasus perselisihan Hak Cipta antara PT. Inter Sport Marketing melawan PT. Bhavana Andalan Klating dan Alila Villa Soori (Studi Putusan Nomor: 09/HKI.HAK CIPTA/2014/ PN Niaga Jo Putusan M.A Nomor:  80 K/Pdt. Sus-Hki/2016). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan meliputi bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang menggunakan metode studi pustaka sebagai pengumpulan bahan hukum. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deduksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dihasilkan kesimpulan, yakni kesatu perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang lisensi hak cipta dapat berupa upaya preventif dengan pencatatan lisensi hak cipta yang terdapat dalam ketentuan Pasal 83 Undang-Undang Hak Cipta dan upaya represif melalui alternatif penyelesaian sengketa, arbitrase atau melalui pengadilan yang terdapat dalam ketentuan Pasal 95 Undang-Undang Hak Cipta. Kesimpulan kedua,yaitu PT. Inter Sport Marketing mendapatkan perlindungan hukum atas haknya melalui upaya represif dengan pengajuan gugatan di Pengadilan Niaga dan mendapatkan ganti kerugian.
Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Lisensi, Hak Cipta
URGENSI DIKELUARKANNYA PERATURAN BANK INDONESIA NOMOR 20/6/PBI/2018 TENTANG UANG ELEKTRONIK (E-MONEY) SEBAGAI ALAT PEMBAYARAN
Authors: Salsabila Sekar Salma , Sulistiyono Adi
Published: February 2021

Abstract

This article aims to know urgency issued of Peraturan Bank Indonesia Number 20/6/PBI/2018 about electronic money as the legal non-cash payment instrument. This research is normative legal research particulary prescriptive research. The data research are in the form of primary materials and secondary materials. The technique of collecting legal materials is literature study technique. The approaches in this research are legislation approach and concept approach. The conceptual framework is deductive. The results of the research urgency issued of Peraturan Bank Indonesia Number 20/6/PBI/2018 about electronic money is innovation of technology more developed so that many businessman to join in electronic money industry so need strengthening institusional aspect to choose the credible electronic money publisher, give benefide to national economic, suistainable and give protection to users of electronic money.

Keywords: Electronic Money; Urgency; Strength of Institusional Aspect.

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang urgensi dikeluarkannya Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 20/6/PBI/2018 tentang uang elektronik sebagai alat pembayaran non tunai yang sah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif bersifat preskiptif. Sumber data penelitian yaitu berupa bahan primer dan bahan  sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik studi kepustakaan. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Metode berpikir yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode berpikir deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang urgensi dikeluarkannya Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 20/6/PBI/2018 tentang uang elektronik adalah inovasi teknologi yang semakin berkembang mendorong banyaknya pelaku usaha yang masuk dalam industri uang elektronik sehingga diperlukan adanya penguatan aspek kelembagaan untuk memilih penyelenggara uang elektronik yang kredibel, bermanfat bagi perekonomian nasional, berkelanjutan dan memberi perlindungan kepada pengguna uang elektronik.

Kata Kunci: Uang Elektronik; Urgensi; Penguatan Aspek Kelembagaan.
PROBLEMATIKA PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DALAM TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL KAITANYA TERHADAP BARANG YANG TIDAK SESUAI KESEPAKATAN (PESANAN)
Authors: Idham Aditya Yudhatama , Muryanto Yudho Taruno
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article examines the legal problems of resolving online sale and purchase disputes through social media, this is regulated in Law number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions in article 28 paragraph (1). This study included normative legal research with a legal approach and a case approach. The results of the study show that the seller has committed a misleading action that has resulted in consumer losses in electronic transactions, in accordance with Law number 11 of 2008  concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Dispute resolution if the seller conducts a default is  attempted to take a non-litigation route by deliberation or it can be through mediation or litigation lines or commonly referred to through a district court.
Keywords: Buy and Sell; Credit Promise; Social Media

Abstrak
Artikel ini mengkaji mengenai problematika hukum penyelesaian sengketa jual beli online melalui media sosial, hal ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang nomor 11 tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik dalam pasal 28 ayat (1). Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penjual telah melakukan tindakan menyesatkan yang mengakibatkan kerugian konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik, telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang nomor 11 tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Penyelesaian sengketa apabila penjual melakukan wanprestasi diupayakan menempuh jalur non litigasi dengan musyawarah atau bisa dengan mediasi maupun dengan jalur litigasi atau biasa disebut melalui pengadilan negeri.
Kata kunci: Jual Beli; Ingkar Janji; Media Sosial
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM PENYEDIA PLATFORM TERHADAP BARANG YANG MELANGGAR MEREK DALAM MARKETPLACE
Authors: Giantama Andreyan Nata , Kholil Munawar
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article defines the legal responsibilities of market place providers for counterfeit goods, by using doctrinal legal research. Based on Law Number 11 of 2008 as amended by Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law), the responsibility for counterfeit goods at market place cannot be charged to platform providers. ITE Law requires that errors made by users are not the responsibility of the organizer of the electronic system. As an effort to ensure legal certainty, and responsibility for managing the market place platform, it should also be determined the legal responsibility of the platform provider for the omission of negligence committed. This becomes the urgency of further study to find out the proper pattern of legal responsibility for the problems described above.
Keywords: legal responsibility; platform providers; counterfeit goods; e-commerce; market place

Abstrak
Artikel ini mendefinisikan pertanggungjawaban hukum yang dibebankan kepada penyedia platform market place atas barang yang melanggar merek, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum doktrinal. Tanggung jawab hukum atas barang yang melanggar merek dalam market place berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) tidak dapat dibebankan kepada penyedia platform. UU ITE mengehendaki kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh pengguna tidak menjadi tanggung jawab penyelenggara sistem elektronik. Sebagai bentuk kepastian hukum dan tanggung jawab atas pengelolaan platform market place sudah semestinya ditentukan tanggung jawab hukum penyedia platform terhadap pembiaran pelanggaran yang terjadi. Inilah yang melandasi pengkajian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola tanggung jawab hukum yang tepat terhadap permasalahan pelanggaran yang terjadi.
Kata Kunci: tanggung jawab hukum; penyedia platform; barang yang melanggar merek; e-commerce; market Place.
IMPLIKASI HUKUM TERHADAP PERJANJIAN DI BAWAH TANGAN DENGAN JAMINAN FIDUSIA
Authors: Bomantara Arya Krisna Okta , Tuhana '
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to find out the legal implications and examine the case of under-lending with fiduciary collateral in the Koperasi Serba Usaha Barokah. Based on this matter in this study also know the legal consequences arising from underhanded credit with fiduciary guarantees. This type of research is a descriptive type of empirical research. This research is a study with data obtained from activities in the field. The technique of collecting data is in the form of field studies and literature studies. Field studies include direct observation of interviews with the heads of cooperatives, secretaries and members of cooperatives then study of literature is literature from books and journals. The analysis technique uses descriptive tools with interview data collection and observation. The results of this study are analysis of underhanded credit at the Koperasi Serba Usaha Barokah by looking at legal regulations and interviews with related sources.
Keywords: consequences; Agreement; Fiduciary.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi hukum dan mengkaji terhadap kasus pemberian kredit di bawah tangan dengan jaminan fidusia di Koperesi Serba Usaha Barokah Sragen. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dalam penelitian ini juga mengetahui akibat hukum yang timbul terhadap kredit di bawah tangan dengan jaminan fidusia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian empiris dengan tipe diskriptif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan data-data yang di peroleh dari kegiatan di lapangan . Teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Studi lapangan meliputi observasi langsung wawancara dengan kepala koperasi, sekertaris dan anggota koperasi kemudian studi kepustakaan adalah literature dari buku maupun jurnal. Teknik analisisnya menggunakan deskriptif dengan alat pengumpulan data wawancara dan observasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah analisis terhadap kredit di bawah tangan di Koperasi Serba Usaha Barokah dengan melihat peraturan hukum dan wawancara dengan narasumber terkait .
Kata Kunci: Akibat; Perjanjian; Fidusia.
KEABSAHAN PERJANJIAN DIAM-DIAM DALAM PERJANJIAN DISTRIBUTOR (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2178K/PDT/2008 Antara PT Dwi Damai Melawan PT Philips Indonesia)
Authors: Isnaini Markhamah , Pranoto '
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to examine the legal issues to find out the validity of a silent agreement after the written agreement in the distributor agreement has expired between PT Dwi Damai against PT Philips Indonesia at Supreme Court Decision Number 2178K/Pdt/2008. Sources of legal materials used were the primary law and secondary law by way of literature/ documents. This study that, the validity of silent agreement can be recognized that the validity when the application of the principle of consensualism or agreement of the parties to enter into an agreement. In agreeing to an agreement the parties can agree on secretly like stating in attitude. In the results of the study, it was found that PT Dwi Damai with PT Philips Indonesia had agreed to enter into a secret agreement by continuing to carry out legal relations for 9 (nine) months after the written distributor agreement has expired.
Keywords: Silent Agreement; Validity; Consensualism

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji isu hukum untuk mengetahui keabsahan atau sahnya suatu perjanjian yang disepakati secara diam-diam setelah perjanjian tertulis dalam perjanjian distributor telah berakhir antara PT Dwi Damai dengan PT Philips Indonesia dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2178K/ Pdt/2008. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dan sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder dengan cara studi pustaka atau dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa keabsahan atau sahnya suatu perjanjian yang disepakati secara diam-diam dapat diakui keabsahannya ketika berlakunya asas konsensualisme atau para pihak telah sepakat dalam mengadakan perjanjian. Dalam menyepakati suatu perjanjian, para pihak dapat menyatakannya secara diam-diam seperti menyatakan dalam sikap. Pada hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa PT Dwi Damai dengan PT Philips Indonesia telah sepakat mengadakan perjanjian secara diam-diam dengan tetap melakukan hubungan-hubungan hukum selama 9 (sembilan) bulan  setelah perjanjian distributor secara tertulis berakhir.
Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Diam-Diam; Keabsahan; Kesepakatan
ANALISIS TANGGUNG JAWAB SUAMI TERHADAP ISTRI DAN ANAK PASCACERAI TALAK DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KLATEN
Authors: Kusumawardani Dinda Berliana , Pranoto '
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The writing of this law aims to examine the responsibility of the husband towards his wife and children after  divorce divorce. Divorce does not mean the release of the husband’s responsibility to give responsibility to the ex-wife whether iddah, mut’ah, and child income, with conditions according to the ability of the husband. This legal research uses prescriptive empirical legal research. The approach taken with the statutory  approach,  primary legal  materials  used  in  primary law  in  the form  of legislation relating to the husband’s responsibility between divorce divorce and divorce and secondary legal materials used in the form of legal books and legal research are relevant. The legal material collection techniques used include documentary studies and direct interviews with Religious Court Judges in Klaten. Legal material analysis technique uses analytical techniques that are educational by the method of sociology.
Keywords: Talak Divorce; Husband’s Responsibility; Wife and Child Income

Abstrak
Penulisan hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai tanggung jawab suami terhadap istri dan anak  pascacerai talak. Adanya perceraian bukan berarti lepasnya tanggung jawab suami untuk memberikan tanggung jawab kepada mantan istri baik itu nafkah iddah, mut’ah, dan nafkah anak, dengan syarat sesuai dengan kemampuan suami. Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan penelitian hukum Empiris yang bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan yang dilakukan  dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, bahan hukum primer yang digunakan dalam hukum primer ini berupa peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan tanggung jawab suami antara cerai talak dan cerai gugat serta  bahan  hukum  sekunder  yang  digunakan  berupa  buku-buku hukum dan penelitian hukum yang relevan. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan meliputi studi dokumenter dan wawancara secara langsung dengan Hakim Pengadilan Agama di Klaten. Teknik analisis bahan hukum menggunakan teknik analisis yang bersifat deduksi dengan metode silogisme.
Kata  Kunci: Cerai-Talak; Tanggung Jawab Suami; Nafkah Istri dan Anak
HUBUNGAN HUKUM ANTARA BUKAlApAK SEBAGAI MARKETPLACE DENGAN pENJUAl SEBAGAI MERCHANT (Studi di Bukalapak.com)
Authors: Adhwaisy Meifriday Jasmine , Pranoto ,
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to determine the legal relationship between Bukalapak as a marketplace with seller  as a merchant in the marketplace Bukalapak and to find out how the legal consequence from the legal relationship between Bukalapak as a marketplace with seller as a merchant in the marketplace Bukalapak. This legal research method used in this legal writing include normative type of research, and source of legal materials used were the primary law and secondary law by way of literature/ documents. The results of this study, it is known that the legal relationship between Bukalapak as a marketplace with seller as a merchant in the marketplace Bukalapak has not met entirely a legality of the transaction pursuant to Article 1320 of the civil code and Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 regarding the information and online transaction. Which is in every legal relationship between the participate there must be a legal consequence.
Keywords: Legal Relationship; Marketplace; Legal Consequence

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan hukum antara Bukalapak sebagai marketplace  dengan penjual sebagai merchant di marketplace Bukalapak serta untuk mengetahui akibat hukum dari hubungan hukum antara Bukalapak sebagai marketplace dengan penjual sebagai merchant di marketplace Bukalapak. Penulisan hukum ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dan bahan hukum menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang berkaitan dengan isu hukum yang dikaji dengan cara studi pustaka atau dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini, telah diketahui bahwa hubungan hukum antara Bukalapak sebagai marketplace dengan penjual sebagai merchant di marketplace Bukalapak sepenuhnya belum memenuhi syarat dengan sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan KUH Perdata Pasal 1320 serta Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Yang  mana  dalam  setiap  hubungan  hukum  para  pihak  pasti  terjadi  suatu  akibat hukum.
Kata Kunci: Hubungan Hukum; Marketplace; Akibat Hukum
DASAR PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM TERHADAP PUTUSAN PERCERAIAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN HAK ASUH ANAK KEPADA BAPAK
Authors: Ivana Renita , Tantri Cahyaningsih Diana
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to find out the basis of the judge’s consideration of the Divorce Decision with the  Provision of Child Custody to the father. This writing also includes normative legal research that is prescriptive. The research approach uses the Law approach (state approach) and case approach. Legal material collection techniques use legal material collection techniques with the study of documents or library materials (library study). The results of the study explained that judges’ consideration arose from the six divorce decisions that the authors examined was by prioritizing the best interests principle for  children, the judge giving custody of underage children to the father. This is not in accordance with the  rules of the invitation that apply because the child under the age of custody is in the hands of the mother. But because of the bad behavior of the mother, abandoning the child, forgetting her responsibilities as a mother which is all the basis of the judge’s consideration in making decisions regarding the granting of custody of minors to the father.
Keywords: Divorce; Consideration of Judges; Child Custody

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar pertimbangan hakim terhadap Putusan Perceraian dengan  Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak kepada bapak. Penelitian hukum ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Undang-undang (state approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dengan studi dokumen atau bahan pustaka (library study). Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa pertimbangan hakim yang muncul dari keenam Putusan Perceraian yang penulis teliti adalah dengan mengedepankan asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, hakim memberikan hak asuh anak di bawah umur kepada bapak. Hal tersebut tidak sesuai aturan Perundang-undangan yang  berlaku karena anak di bawah umur kedudukan hak asuhnya berada di tangan ibu. Namun karena perilaku ibu yang buruk, menelantarkan anak, melupakan tanggung jawabnya sebagai ibu. Sehingga menjadi dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan mengenai pemberian hak asuh anak di bawah umur kepada bapak.
Kata Kunci: Perceraian; Pertimbangan Hakim; Hak Asuh Anak
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP DOKUMEN PERJANJIAN PEMBIAYAAN KONSUMEN PT BAF SURAKARTA
Authors: Agustina Rima , Budhisulistyawati Ambar
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to determine the suitability of the consumer financing agreement made by PT Bussan  Auto Finance (BAF) with the regulations stipulated in the Civil Code. As for analyzing these problems is done by using normative methods with approaches used through the statute approach. The legal material analysis technique used by using the syllogism method is by using the deduction method which is the opposite of submitting a major premise and then submits a minor premise and from then draws a conclusion. The results of this study indicate that the consumer financing agreement of PT Bussan  Auto Finance (BAF) is in accordance with the terms of the agreement stipulated in the Civil Code. The  conditions are as follows: (1) Their agreement is binding, agreement can be seen through the signatures of the parties in the agreement; (2) The ability to make an engagement, the parties must include a National Identity Card (KTP) to prove their skills; (3) A certain subject matter, namely regarding the financing of a motorized vehicle; (4) A reason that is not prohibited, the financing made is a reason that is lawful and does not conflict with the law. Then the agreement is valid and binding and applies as a law for the parties who make it.
Keywords: Agreement; Consumer Financing Agreement; Financing Company.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara perjanjian pembiayaan kosumen yang dibuat  oleh PT Bussan Auto Finance (BAF) dengan peraturan yang diatur dalam KUH Perdata. Adapun untuk menganalisis permasalahan tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan yang digunakan melalui pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach). Teknik analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan dengan menggunakan metode silogisme yaitu dengan penggunaan metode deduksi yang bepangkal dari pengajuan premis mayor kemudian diajukan premis minor dan dari kemudian ditarik suatu kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen PT Bussan Auto Finance (BAF) telah sesuai dengan syarat-syarat perjanjian yang diatur dalam KUH Perdata. Adapun syarat-syarat tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Kesepakatan mereka yang mengikatkan diri, kesepakatan dapat dilihat melalui tanda tangan para pihak dalam perjanjian; (2) Kecakapan untuk membuat perikatan, para pihak wajib mencantumkan Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP) untuk membuktikan kecakapannya; (3) Suatu pokok persoalan tertentu, yakni mengenai pembiayaan sebuah kendaraan bermotor; (4) Suatu sebab yang tidak terlarang, pembiayaan yang dilakukan tersebut merupakan suatu sebab yang halal dan tidak bertentangan dengan undang-undang. Maka perjanjian tersebut sah dan mengikat serta berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi para pihak yang membuatnya.
Kata Kunci: Perjanjian; Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumen; Perusahaan Pembiayaan
TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS YANG MEMILIKI KEWENANGAN PPAT DALAM PEMBUATAN SURAT KUASA MEMBEBANKAN HAK TANGGUNGAN
Authors: Waringga Y. Stefanie , Sentot Sudarwanto Albertus
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to review the responsibilities of a notary who has a position as an Acting Land Acting  Officer (PPAT) in making a Power of Attorney to Charge Mortgage. This legal research uses empirical research methods, namely examining primary data in the field then proceed with secondary data. SKMHT must be made with a notary deed or deed of Land Deed Maker (PPAT), this is in line with what has been written and stipulated in Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Underwriting Rights (UUHT). Making SKMHT made by a notary is guided by Article 38 of Act Number 2 of 2014 juncto Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position, whereas if the manufacture is carried out by PPAT then follow the rules stated in the Regulation of the Head of National Land Agency Number 8 2012 (Perkaban 8/2012). The implementation of related regulations that have been written and stipulated is in fact there is a conflict issue, namely that there is a provision of notaries required to make SKMHT using the SKMHT format which is regulated in Perkaban Number 8 of 2012.
Keywords: Responsible; Notary; PPAT; Deed of Power of Attorney to Charge Mortgage

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji mengenai tanggung jawab notaris yang memiliki jabatan sebagai Pejabat  Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) di dalam membuat Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT). Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris, yaitu meneliti data primer di lapangan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan data sekunder. SKMHT wajib dibuat dengan akta notaris atau akta Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT), hal ini selaras dengan yang telah tertulis dan ditetapkan di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan (UUHT). Pembuatan SKMHT yang dibuat oleh notaris berpedoman pada Pasal 38 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 juncto UndangUndang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris, sedangkan apabila pembuatannya dilakukan oleh PPAT maka mengikuti aturan yang telah tertera di dalam Peraturan Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 (Perkaban 8/2012). Implementasi regulasi terkait yang telah ditulis dan ditetapkan tersebut nyatanya justru terdapat persoalan, yakni bahwa ada ketentuan notaris diwajibkan membuat SKMHT dengan menggunakan format SKMHT yang diatur di dalam Perkaban Nomor 8 Tahun 2012.
Kata Kunci: Tanggung Jawab; Notaris; PPAT;  Akta SKMHT
State Preemption: An Emerging Threat to Local Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation
Authors: Crosbie Eric , Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Wright Kathrine E. , Hoeper Samantha , Schmidt Laura
Published: February 2021

We sought to examine the strategies promoting and countering state preemption of local sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes in the United States. Using Crosbie and Schmidt’s tobacco preemption framework, we analyzed key tactics used by the SSB industry to achieve state preemption of local taxes identified in news sources, industry Web sites, government reports, and public documents.

Starting in 2017, 4 states rejected and 4 passed laws preempting local SSB taxes. The beverage industry attempted to secure state preemption through front groups and trade associations, lobbying key policymakers, inserting preemptive language into other legislation, and issuing legal threats and challenges. The public health community’s response is in the early stages of engaging in media advocacy, educating policymakers, mobilizing national collaboration, and expanding legal networks.

State preemption of local SSB taxes is in the early stages but will likely scale up as local tax proposals increase. The public health community has a substantial role in proactively working to prevent preemption concurrent with health policy activity and using additional strategies successfully used in tobacco control to stop preemption diffusion.
US State Disparities in Life Expectancy, Disability-Free Life Expectancy, and Disabled Life Expectancy Among Adults Aged 25 to 89 Years
Authors: Farina Mateo P. , Zajacova Anna , Montez Jennifer Karas , Hayward Mark D.
Published: February 2021

Objectives. To estimate total life expectancy (TLE), disability-free life expectancy (DFLE), and disabled life expectancy (DLE) by US state for women and men aged 25 to 89 years and examine the cross-state patterns.

Methods. We used data from the 2013–2017 American Community Survey and the 2017 US Mortality Database to calculate state-specific TLE, DFLE, and DLE by gender for US adults and hypothetical worst- and best-case scenarios.

Results. For men and women, DFLEs and DLEs varied widely by state. Among women, DFLE ranged from 45.8 years in West Virginia to 52.5 years in Hawaii, a 6.7-year gap. Men had a similar range. The gap in DLEs across states was 2.4 years for women and 1.6 years for men. The correlation among DFLE, DLE, and TLE was particularly strong in southern states. The South is doubly disadvantaged: residents have shorter lives and spend a greater proportion of those lives with disability.

Conclusions. The stark variation in DFLE and DLE across states highlights the large health inequalities present today across the United States, which have significant implications for individuals’ well-being and US states’ financial costs and medical care burden.
Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) : Materials and Testing
Authors: Al-Chaar Ghassan K. , Stynoski Peter B. , Rushing Todd S. , Barna Lynette A. , Burroughs Jedadiah F. , Vavrin John L. , Case Michael P.
Published: February 2021

Complex military operations often result in U.S. forces remaining at deployed locations for long periods. In such cases, more sustaina-ble facilities are required to better accommodate and protect forward-deployed forces. Current efforts to develop safer, more sustaina-ble operating facilities for contingency bases involve construction activities that require a redesign of the types and characteristics of the structures constructed, that reduce the resources required to build, and that decrease the resources needed to operate and maintain the completed facilities. The Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) project was undertaken to develop the capa-bility to “print” custom-designed expeditionary structures on demand, in the field, using locally available materials with the minimum number of personnel. This work investigated large-scale automated “additive construction” (i.e., 3D printing with concrete) for con-struction applications. This report, which documents ACES materials and testing, is one of four technical reports, each of which details a major area of the ACES research project, its research processes, and its associated results. There major areas include System Require-ments, Construction, and Performance; Energy and Modeling; Materials and Testing; Architectural and Structural Analysis.
The Status of Loons in Idaho
Authors: Taylor Daniel M.
Published: February 2021

This report summarizes and updates the population status and distribution of loons in Idaho. Formerly, the Common Loon bred in northern, central, and southeastern Idaho, probably widely. With only sporadic unsustained nesting in the last half century it has been essentially extirpated as a breeding species, but flocks of up to 200 migrating birds occur in spring and autumn. In spring, concentrations are most frequent in southeastern and south-central Idaho, but in autumn they are widespread. Common Loon migration peaks from mid-April to early May and from mid-October to mid-November. The species winters in numbers of up to 20 on large lakes in northern and southwestern Idaho. The Pacific Loon was not conclusively recorded in Idaho before 1974, but since the mid-1980s a few to dozens have occurred annually in autumn throughout the state, with concentrations of up to 30. Its autumn migration peaks from mid-October to late November. In most years a few now winter, primarily in northern Idaho. There have been a dozen spring and three summer records. Early in the 20th century the Red-throated Loon was recorded rarely in migration but since the 1980s it has been recorded most years, most frequently in autumn. First noted in 1979, the Yellow-billed Loon remains rare. In spring, summer, and winter it is recorded principally from large lakes in northern Idaho, but autumn records are widespread.
Evidence of Brood Parasitism and Quantification of Rangewide Overlap between the Olive Warbler and Brown-headed Cowbird
Authors: Williamson Jessie L. , Baumann Matthew J.
Published: February 2021

Brood parasitism is a fascinating natural history phenomenon that provides a window into the coevolution of antagonistic interactions. Many ecological and evolutionary aspects of brood parasitism remain unknown, and new hosts of brood parasites are still being discovered. We document the second instance of brood parasitism of the Olive Warbler (Peucedramus taeniatus) by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). Apparent lack of habitat and elevation overlap across the ranges of these two species prompted us to examine how frequently they come into contact. We analyzed >3 million Olive Warbler and Brown-headed Cowbird occurrence records from two open-source repositories, eBird and GBIF, to examine both synchronous and asynchronous locality overlap during the breeding season. We found that the two species were documented together simultaneously in only 3.1% of analyzed instances, but that they co-occurred in similar habitat types and/or at similar elevations at 11.8% of localities analyzed across the Olive Warbler’s range. Additional research on aspects of ecology and evolution, such as host selection, the cowbird’s diurnal patterns of movement, and the dynamics of intracellular pathogens infecting brood parasites and their hosts, may shed light more broadly on the ecological interactions and mechanisms underlying brood parasitism.
A study of the correlation between M2 macrophages and lymph node metastasis of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanping , Wang Jikun , Yang Chunyu , Wang Yue , Liu Jinhao , Shi Zuoxiu , Chen Yanlei , Feng Yang , Ma Xueqian , Qiao Shifeng
Published: February 2021

Background: Lymph node metastasis is a major prognostic factor of colorectal carcinoma and an important indicator for individualized treatment. M2 macrophages play a key role in carcinogenesis and tumor development, not only enhancing invasiveness, but also promoting lymph node metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CD163-positive M2 macrophages on lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma.Methods: Postoperative lymph node tissues were obtained from 120 patients with colorectal carcinoma who underwent radical surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between December 2019 and May 2020. We detected the expression of the CD163 protein in lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the relationship between M2 macrophages identified by this marker and lymph node metastasis were analyzed using the independent sample T-test and Chi-square test.Results: M2 macrophages were increased not only in metastatic lymph nodes, but also in non-metastatic lymph nodes adjacent to the cancer. The M2 macrophage count was higher in patients with macro-metastases than in those with micro-metastases.Conclusions: M2 macrophages represent an important factor for the promotion of lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma, and may be a potential marker for its prediction. This may offer a new target for the comprehensive treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
Biomass Derived Activated Carbon/Epoxy Composite as Microwave Absorbing Material
Authors: Negi Praveen , Kumar Ashavani
Published: February 2021

Herein, activated carbon/epoxy composite was synthesized, in which waste mango leaves biomass were used as carbon source. To create a sufficient amount of porosity in the biomass, a simple process of carbonization followed by its activation was used. The morphology and porosity of activated carbon material were studied by SEM, TEM images and BET analysis, which confirmed the presence of macro and mesopores in the material. The activated carbon/epoxy composite having 3 mm thickness gave the highest Reflection Loss (RL) of -39.57 dB at 6.48 GHz. At a thickness of just 2 mm the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (RL < -10 dB) of 2.14 GHz was achieved. This excellent microwave absorption performance was attributed to large surface area due to porous and bowl type structures, which resulted in high impedance matching and subsequent attenuation of microwaves by interfacial and dipolar polarization. Present study provides porous activated carbon/epoxy composite that is cost effective, lightweight and has high structural stability for microwave absorption applications.
Frequency and importance of blush in lung contusion in patients with blunt trauma: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Tominaga Naoki , Hayakawa Mineji , Yokobori Shoji
Published: February 2021

Background: The high mortality rate in patients with blunt chest trauma remains a problem. The assessment of blush in hepatic and splenic trauma is important because it indicates the need for emergency hemostatic intervention. However, the frequency and importance of blush in lung contusions are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency of blush in the lung contusion and the relationship between blush and the clinical outcome of patients with blunt chest trauma.Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we enrolled patients with an injury severity score of 16 or higher and a chest abbreviated injury scale of 3 or higher who were admitted to the emergency department of Hokkaido University Hospital from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2016. Blush was defined as an active extravasation image of an intravascular contrast agent recognized on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Date of trauma severity, various treatments, and outcomes were recorded from the electrical medical records of the patients.Results: During the study period, 83 patients had severe lung contusions and 12 patients had blush. In-hospital mortality of patients with blush was significantly higher than that of patients without blush. Patients with blush required support through mechanical ventilation more frequently and for a longer duration than patients without blush.Conclusion: Our study revealed that blush in the lung contusions was not rare and was associated with a high risk of mortality in patients with severe blunt chest trauma. We should not hesitate to intervene if a blush of the lung contusion was detected in a patient with blunt chest trauma.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene rs1801133 polymorphism and essential hypertension risk from a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Fan Yingchao , Wu Liting , Wenfang Zhuang
Published: February 2021

Background

Essential hypertension (EH) is common and multifactorial disorders likely to be influenced by multiple genes. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene rs1801133 polymorphism is related to MTHFR enzyme activity and to plasma homocysteine concentration. In addition, variations in MTHFR functions likely play roles in the etiology of EH. So far, larger number of studies between MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and EH have provided controversial or inconclusive results. To better assess the purported relationship, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 50 publications.
Methods

Eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Wanfang and CNKI databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess this association.
Results

Overall, increased significant associations were detected between MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and EH risk (such as T vs. C: OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.24–1.52, P = 0.000), the same as in race subgroup (Asian: T vs. C: OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.29–1.67, P = 0.000; China: T vs. C: OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.30–1.74, P = 0.000). Similar associations were also found in source of control and genotype methods subgroups.
Conclusions

Our study showed evidence that MTHFR rs1801133 null genotype may increase EH risk. Future studies with larger sample size are warranted to further evaluate this association in more detail.
Plant community response to fuel break and goat grazing in southern California
Authors: Grupenhoff Ashley , Molinari Nicole
Published: February 2021

Background: California is a global biodiversity hotspot, yet increased urbanization of wildlands, warming temperatures, and invasion of nonnative species pose serious risks to these areas due to an increase in wildfire frequency. Fuel management is a tool for reducing fire risk to neighboring communities and natural resources that involves a two-step process requiring an initial reduction of woody vegetation followed by a repeated control of woody plants and reduction of herbaceous cover. To understand the compositional and structural changes resulting from fuel treatment methods in southern California chaparral, we evaluated the compositional and structural impacts of a recently created fuel break established around the Lake Morena community on the Cleveland National Forest. The area was initially treated with cut and pile burning, then treated with herbicide, and lastly grazed by 1,200 goats. The purpose of this study is to (1) evaluate the compositional and structural differences associated with the initial fuel break, and (2) quantify compositional shifts in herbaceous and woody vegetation caused by goat grazing over time. Results: Plots on fuel breaks and in adjacent wildlands exhibited significantly different species assemblages. Total herbaceous cover (both native and nonnative) was 92 times greater on fuel breaks than in adjacent chaparral-dominated wildlands and native shrub cover was 55.3 times greater in adjacent wildlands than on fuel breaks. Goats had a significant impact on reducing native and nonnative herb cover (87% reduction in cover, 92% reduction in height), but were ineffective at reducing the cover and height of most woody species such as Adenostoma fasciculatum, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Quercus berberidifolia, and Artemisia tridentata. However, goats were found to be effective in controlling nonnative grasses including Bromus diandrus and Bromus madritensis. Conclusion: Initial fuel break creation was effective at reducing wood biomass and height, simultaneously giving rise to an abundance and diversity of native and nonnative herbaceous species. Although targeted goat grazing was successful at reducing herbaceous biomass, it was ineffective at reducing woody biomass which is often one of the most important goals for fuel management in chaparral ecosystems.
Fabrication of TiO2/CdS heterostructure photoanodes and optimization of light scattering to improve the photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
Authors: Revathi S. , Jeyakumari A Pricilla
Published: February 2021

Currently, the TiO2/CdS photoanodes based dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have shown extraordinary developments in the photo conversion efficiency. In this report, pristine TiO2, CdS and various molar ratios of TiO2/CdS photoanodes were prepared by one step microwave irradiation route and followed by doctor blade method. The sheet like morphology of the TiO2 and CdS nanoparticles were clearly evident from the SEM and TEM images. A significant reduction band gap with enhanced light absorption and rapid prevention of electron hole pair was explored by UV-DRS and PL studies. The photocurrent density-voltage (J-V) and electrochemical impedance (EIS) characteristics were analyzed for assembled solar cell. The photo-conversion efficiency of 12.8% was obtained with the configuration TiO2/CdS (200 mg) that represent a 2.5 fold increment compared to bare TiO2 (5.33%) as well as commercial Pt (6.11%). The experimental results are discussed.