bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermediary Design for Collaborative Ontology-Based Innovation Monitoring
Authors: Zibuschka Jan , Laufs Uwe , Engelbach Wolf
Published: April 2013

This chapter presents the architecture of an intermediary platform for networked open innovation management, as well as a surrounding sustainable business ecosystem. The instantiation presented here is tailored towards SMEs, both as stakeholders in the platform and as contributors in the modular ecosystem. It enables SMEs to work together in creating innovative products, increasing both reach and agility of their innovation processes. The chapter also describes to some detail the technical realization of the system, including the representation and automatic acquisition of relevant information. Selected business aspects are also addressed. It specifically focuses on the role of ontologies and how they contribute to the overall business value of the system.
Adopting ICT in the Mompreneurs Business
Authors: Costin Yvonne
Published: April 2013

It is advocated that the role of technology is instrumental in determining the effectiveness and efficiency of where, when and how business transactions are undertaken to meet stakeholder requirements in a competitive manner. However, research by the Small Business Forum (2006) suggest the use and application of ICT in small firms overall is poor where entrepreneurs do not capitalise sufficiently on the benefits of ICT. To succeed and grow, mompreneurs’ businesses should be using ICT as a backbone for the business in an integrated manner. The objective of this chapter is to examine the adoption and application of ICT in the mompreneurs business and challenges encountered in its effective use. A specific emphasis is placed on the issue of ICT and its use by the mompreneur in undertaking business transactions and as a means of facilitating small firm growth.
Promoting Competitive Advantage in Micro-Enterprises through Information Technology Interventions
Authors: Kamal Mehruz , Qureshil Sajda , Wolcott Peter
Published: April 2013

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have the potential to enable these businesses to grow through access to new markets and administrative efficiencies. However, the growth of the smallest of these SMEs which are micro-enterprises is hindered by their inability to adopt ICTs effectively to achieve competitive advantage. This chapter investigates how micro-enterprises can adopt ICTs to grow and achieve competitiveness. This investigation of a set of seven micro-enterprises took place through an interpretive field study in which action research was used to diagnose and treat the micro-enterprises with interventions through a process of “Information Technology (IT) Therapy”. This process involved providing individualized IT solutions to pressing problems and opportunities and the development of a longer-term IT project plan, customized for each of the businesses. The increase in competitiveness of these micro-enterprises was assessed using the Focus Dominance Model and their growth through a modified model of micro-enterprise growth based on the resource based view of the firm. This research also contributes with a unique set of skills and experiences that ITD innovators can bring in helping micro-enterprises achieve sustained growth and competitive advantage.
ICT Adoption in SME in an Arab GCC Country
Authors: Ashrafi Rafi , Murtaza Muhammad
Published: April 2013

It has been widely recognized that Small and Medium size Enterprises(SMEs) not only play an important role in the economy of a country, but are crucial to the country’s economic stability. This article reviews UN and World Economic Forum ICT indicators for assessing the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC). Also, it presents the results of an exploratory study carried out to learn about the adoption of ICT in SMEs in Oman. The study investigates infrastructure, software used, driver for ICT investment, perceptions about business benefits of ICT and outsourcing trends of SMEs. The study provides an insight on the barriers for the adoption of ICT. Data on these aspects of ICT was collected from 51 SMEs through a survey questionnaire. The results of the study show that only a small number of SMEs in Oman are aware of the benefits of ICT adoption. The main driving forces for ICT investment are to provide better and faster customer service and to stay ahead of the competition. A majority of surveyed SMEs have reported a positive performance and other benefits by utilizing ICT in their businesses. A number of SMEs outsource most of their ICT activities. Lack of internal capabilities, high cost of ICT and lack of information about suitable ICT solutions and implementation were some of the major barriers in adopting ICT. These findings are consistent with other studies. There is a need for more focus and concerted efforts on increasing awareness among SMEs on the benefits of ICT adoption. The results of the study recognize the need for more training facilities in ICT for SMEs, measures to provide ICT products and services at an affordable cost, availability of free professional advice and/or consulting services at reasonable cost to SMEs. Our findings can help policy makers focusing on ICT adoption by SMEs. Also, the findings of this research will provide a foundation for future research and will help policy makers in understanding the current state of affairs of the usage and impact of ICT on SMEs in Oman and other GCC countries.
An Investigation into the Adoption and Implementation of Electronic Commerce in Saudi Arabian Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Al-Somali Sabah Abdullah , Clegg Ben , Gholami Roya
Published: April 2013

Saudi Arabian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) will face fierce competition from new entrants to local markets as a result of their accession to the Word Trade Organisation (WTO), and electronic commerce (e-commerce) technologies can reinforce SME’s competitive edge. This study investigates the state of e-commerce adoption and analyses the factors that determine the extent to which SMEs in Saudi Arabia are inclined towards deploying e-commerce technologies. This could assist future firms in designing effective implementation projects. Seven SMEs’ e-commerce adoption levels are studied as a case. The Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework was used as the major source of inspiration in our analysis of e-commerce adoption amongst Saudi SMEs. In addition to advancing research on e-commerce in Saudi Arabia, this chapter also highlights several directions for future inquiry and implications for managers and policymakers.
Warehouse Financing Risk Analysis and Measurement with Case Study in Carbon Trading
Authors: Yin Ying , Luo ZongWei
Published: April 2013

Warehouse financing has been emerged as one of the most effective financing approaches for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Its basic working mechanism is to transfer the company’s assets to collaterals which are more acceptable by the bank. As a logistics service provider, the 3rd Party Logistics (3PL) coordinates and controls the whole financing process. With the professional 3PL’s help, it is easier for SMEs to get loan from the bank. In the meantime, the 3PL’s profit margin has also been increased by providing financing service in addition to their traditional logistics based functions. This chapter explains the basic working mechanism of warehouse financing, applies SCOR reference model to identify financing activities and the risks caused by them. Then this chapter synthesizes four relevant risk analysis / management frameworks from previous literatures, and proposes a new risk framework and evaluation measures aimed specifically for warehouse financing. Finally, a case of carbon trading in China is studied using the previous framework.
The Influence of Social Business Networks of Top Managers on the Financial Performance of UK Biopharmaceutical SMEs
Authors: Gurau Calin , Benkraiem Ramzi
Published: April 2013

The influence of business social networks on the financial performance of entrepreneurial ventures was extensively studied in the literature. However, a need for a more dynamic perspective, centered on firms’ evolution, was identified by academics and professionals. This chapter attempts to address this knowledge gap, investigating a sample of UK biopharmaceutical SMEs, from various stages of the corporate lifecycle. This approach permits a comparison between the structure of formal and informal networks of the manager/entrepreneur, in various corporate phases of evolution, and an analysis of the statistical relation between the size of networks and specific financial performance indicators.
Knowledge Sharing among Employees in the Manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Eze Uchenna Cyril , Hah Sim Fong , Ndubisi Nelson Oly
Published: April 2013

Large companies dominate in knowledge sharing initiatives; however, evidence suggests that more small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are deploying knowledge strategies to attempt to leapfrog the competition. However, studies on SMEs and knowledge sharing in Malaysia remain scanty. This paper, therefore, examines six factors that could influence SMEs’ employees’ attitude towards knowledge sharing. The six independent variables are: trust among employees, formalization, knowledge technology, motivation, reward system, and empowering leadership. The dependent variable is attitude towards knowledge sharing, while the outcome variable is intention to share knowledge. The authors developed the research framework based on relevant literature and models. The analysis was based on 250 valid responses. The seven arguments emerged significant. Based on the findings, SMEs could benefit from identifying critical factors to address knowledge sharing among employees. The findings will also be useful as a frame of reference for future studies on SMEs and knowledge sharing. Finally, this paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the study, and provides recommendations for enhancing knowledge sharing activities in SMEs.
Strategies for Sustainable Succession Planning in Family Business
Authors: Tan-Artichat Lucy , Aiyeku Joseph F.
Published: April 2013

This study investigates the extent of influence of succession planning on Thai FOBs focusing on SMEs, and the attributes/characteristics of the successors to achieve a successful family business. SMEs were identified using Thai government classifications. A total of 449 usable questionnaires were obtained from Thai FOB owners/managers in Bangkok and vicinity. Most of the firms surveyed were small FOBs. The results show that there is a higher degree of success between FOBs that have succession plan and those that do not. The results also revealed five new factors concerning Thai family-owned businesses (SMEs) succession planning. The five factors are shown in this chapter.
Rvolta, a Case for Open Innovation
Authors: Cardoso Margarida , Ramos Isabel
Published: April 2013

Rvolta has been working in waste management industry for 16 years now. This SME (Small and Medium Enterprise) from Portugal is taken as a focus point for the case study addressing a network of partners working in various activities which became related, so as to disclose the underlying innovative spirit, strategy, and partnership structure. Objectives of the present chapter are to portray and analyze a SME success case in open innovation (through various innovation practices), and clarify how knowledge creation and collaboration amongst different players in a network takes place. An exemplary collaboration episode is told. Framing issues are addressed so as to understand how they affect open innovation in SMEs. The study finds interactions, networking, and partnership connections, are important issues and indeed make a difference, thus enabling SMEs to innovate. This case evolved from an exploratory phase of an Information Systems PhD qualitative research, addressing open and crowdsourcing innovation.
Business Agility and Process Agility
Authors: Bruno Giorgio
Published: April 2013

Agility is an essential feature for SMEs and this chapter intends to examine if and how business processes, as currently understood, are able to promote it. Over the last years a number of viewpoints have emerged which exerted great influence on the design of notations and languages for business processes: the majority of them can be referred to as the centralized viewpoint, the role viewpoint, the conversational viewpoint, the case viewpoint and the cooperative one. These viewpoints provide different levels of agility and then beneficial results can be expected from their integration, which is the purpose of the proof-of-concept notation, AgileBPN, presented in this chapter. In AgileBPN, business processes are organized around conversations and role processes (encompassing the tasks pertaining to a given role); shared artifacts are represented as cooperative objects. The notation is illustrated with the help of an example referring to a business process meant to handle applications in a certain organization.
How do Professionals’ Attitudes Differ between what Game-Based Learning could Ideally Achieve and what is Usually Achieved
Authors: Tan Wee Hoe , Neill Sean , Johnston-Wilder Sue
Published: April 2013

This paper compares the results of two surveys conducted between July 2009 and January 2010 with 45 subject matter experts (SMEs) and 41 game experts in the UK. The surveys examine the attitudes and attitude differences of the participants towards teachers who use games in the classroom and studios that produced educational games. The findings revealed respondents’ attitudes were statistically significantly less positive—comparing ideal conditions to usual practice—for the issues studied. The SMEs were unaware of the problems faced by educational game studios, which could lead to a scenario where games are made fun at the expense of learning outcomes or vice versa. In issues related to educational games, the SMEs were found to be certain only about aspects of related directly to teaching and learning while the games experts were confident only for game design and development. This revealed a need for collaboration between SMEs and game experts rather than independent production when designing and developing GBL solutions.
Innovating Elite Undergraduate Education through Quality Continuous Improvement
Authors: Vat Kam Hou
Published: April 2013

This chapter investigates a mechanism of organizational innovation serving to make sense of a maturing university community involving educational executives, academic staff, and students in the occasion of a new campus development, starting in the year 2009 and realizing in the year 2013, under the auspices of a national policy benefiting the long-term development of higher education in the Macau Special Administrative Region (Macau SAR) of China. It is understood that the university as a public institution should not be operated like a business enterprise, running on profit-making initiatives; yet, without the enterprising context, the transformation of the existing infrastructure could hardly be innovated effectively, especially regarding the productivity of its staff, both academic and administrative. As a university with a staff count of less than 1000 and a history of close to thirty years, the University of Macau (UM) is ready to steward an elite undergraduate education marked by a quality learning experience that could become her branding value in the immediate future. The question is how innovatively UM could scale up in this opportunistic growth to excel for the local community. This case study is aimed to investigate from the perspective of a learning enterprise, a reflective way of forward thinking to record the author’s observation and interpretation of what is entailed in this process of upbringing a relatively young university in this age-old city, Macau, famous for its rich heritage of East (Chinese) meeting West (Europeans – Portuguese). Of specific interest is the proper context of open innovation in university governance for organizational transformation. The chapter examines the accountability framework for undergraduate curriculum reform and by treating the electronic transformation (e-transformation) as one of the open innovation strategies, the chapter explores the e-transformation of the university environment, based on holistic concerns of the campus community. The challenge is to identify the organizational context of innovation, which lies in the realm of electronic governance (e-governance), referring mainly to the decisions that define expectations, enable empowerment, and verify performance of the systems in support of community engagement and shared responsibilities in campus development, providing a sense-making perspective to interpret what is entailed in the organizational innovation of the university in this precious occasion of campus relocation. In practice, the lessons learned behind the e-transformation of the learning enterprise should benefit all walks of our local community, including the community of the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).
Propagation of Front Waves in Myelinated Nerve Fibres
Authors: Nkomidio Aïssatou Mboussi , Woafo Paul
Published: April 2013

In this paper, the authors examine the propagation of wave fronts in myelinated nerve fibres and applications as electrical transmission lines constituted of linear and nonlinear portions. Numerical simulations show that the front introduced in the nonlinear portion deforms itself in the linear portion, but recovers its initial profile and velocity in the next nonlinear portion. The phenomenon of deformation and recovery can be used for the development of new and low cost electrical transmission lines that can be used to transport localized excitations.
Superior Koch Curve
Authors: Prasad Sanjeev Kumar
Published: April 2013

In this paper, the author presents the design of Superior Koch Curve with different scaling factor, which has wide applications in Fractals Graphics. The proposed curve has been designed using the technique of superior iteration. The Koch curve is the limiting curve obtained by applying the self similar divisions to infinite number of times but in Superior Koch Curve scaling factor is based on superior iteration.
Considerations on Strategies to Improve EOG Signal Analysis
Authors: Wissel Tobias , Palaniappan Ramaswamy
Published: April 2013

Electrooculogram (EOG) signals have been used in designing Human-Computer Interfaces, though not as popularly as electroencephalogram (EEG) or electromyogram (EMG) signals. This paper explores several strategies for improving the analysis of EOG signals. This article explores its utilization for the extraction of features from EOG signals compared with parametric, frequency-based approach using an autoregressive (AR) model as well as template matching as a time based method. The results indicate that parametric AR modeling using the Burg method, which does not retain the phase information, gives poor class separation. Conversely, the projection on the approximation space of the fourth level of Haar wavelet decomposition yields feature sets that enhance the class separation. Furthermore, for this method the number of dimensions in the feature space is much reduced as compared to template matching, which makes it much more efficient in terms of computation. This paper also reports on an example application utilizing wavelet decomposition and the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for classification, which was implemented and evaluated successfully. In this application, a virtual keyboard acts as the front-end for user interactions.
History of Technology in Research
Authors: Sahu Chinmoy
Published: April 2013

This chapter reviews the role that technology plays in facilitating research and its environment. Significant milestones in the evolution of information technology are reviewed before discussing the role of technology across various steps in the research process. The research process is broken down into eight logical steps to discuss the role of technology in substantial depth. Discussions on the role of technology also highlight the contribution of Web 2.0 tools to research and collaboration. The role of technology in facilitating the environment of research and making the process more effective is discussed briefly. The chapter also provides insights into the role of technology in safeguarding ethics in research. Common criticisms against over reliance on technology are also discussed while suggesting ideas to counter those criticisms. Finally, the scope for future research is reviewed and a summary of the discussions is provided. The primary objective of the chapter is to lead the readers to appreciate the role that technology has played in facilitating research by exposing them to current trends and past practices.
Sampling, Channels, and Contact Strategies in Internet Survey
Authors: Macrì Ester , Tessitore Cristiano
Published: April 2013

The global diffusion of the Internet involves economic, political, cultural, and geographical factors, making it a very interesting subject for sociologists and policy makers. In the last few years, big changes in Internet usage have occurred. In particular, during the last decade, new Social Networks have social scientists reconsidering their research methodology and developing new survey techniques (Internet Survey Techniques). One of the main challenges presented by Internet Surveys is the sampling procedure, as it must be reconsidered in order to avoid the risk of bias and a lack of scientific accountability. The main questions are: (1) Are classic sampling methods an effective way to investigate new Web reality? (2) How can we conduct a valid survey using the Internet? In this chapter these questions are addressed with methodological attention, starting with the problem of defining population in Internet Surveys. The authors also illustrate the main channels for the conduct of Internet Surveys and their specific characteristics. Finally, they discuss some sampling procedures and contact strategies used in Internet Surveys, with a particular attention to a new and important channel: Social Networks (especially Facebook and Twitter).
The Distinctiveness of Online Research
Authors: Lanfrey Damien
Published: April 2013

The proliferation of research investigating online phenomena has pushed scholars to develop and practice new methodological opportunities around an increasingly wider array of contents, tools, and applications hosted and enabled by digital technologies. Yet, this chapter argues, while most studies have focused on online research methods’ ability to offer vast, increasingly real-time data, few have considered the deeper theoretical implications of a fast-changing and fast-expanding digital ecosystem, particularly in respect to the widespread availability of new research objects and new classes of data online. Using three examples from research in online advocacy conducted in the past four years on Kiva.org, the world’s first Web-based person-to-person microfinance platform, the chapter documents how, at the intersection of novel methods, emerging digital affordances, and new classes of data, there lies a possibility to capture and express the distinctiveness of online methods.
Measuring Wages Worldwide
Authors: Steinmetz Stephanie , Raess Damian , Tijdens Kea , de Pedraza Pablo
Published: April 2013

This chapter discusses the potentials and constraints of using a volunteer Web survey as a worldwide data collection tool for wages. It provides a detailed description of the bias related to individual-level wages and core socio-demographic and employment-related variables across selected developed and developing countries and evaluates the efficiency of post-stratification weights in adjusting these biases. The results confirm that Web samples are particularly attractive to younger persons, part-timers, and persons working in non-manual occupations. This can be observed across countries, although the strength of the bias differs between them. With respect to the efficiency of post-stratification weights, the results are inconclusive. Whereas it is advisable to implement weights for descriptive purposes of socio-demographic variables, the contrary holds in case of wages. Additionally, weights can have the opposite effect by (moderately) increasing the difference in the estimated parameters between the reference and the Web sample.
Considering Abductive Thematic Network Analysis with ATLAS-ti 6.2
Authors: Rambaree Komalsingh , Faxelid Elisabeth
Published: April 2013

Social research carried out through the use of new media technologies can generate large volumes of qualitative data. A systematic and rigorous approach is therefore important in analysing large volumes of qualitative data. Computer-aided qualitative data analysis programmes—such as Atlas-ti 6.2—have managed to facilitate the process of data analysis, to some extent. However, researchers remain central in designing and deciding how the qualitative data gathered as evidence from the field are to be analysed, interpreted, and presented. Within this context, this chapter aims to consider Abductive Thematic Network Analysis (ATNA) with Atlas-ti 6.2 as a systematic way of carrying out qualitative data analysis. A data set from a study on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health is used as an example for facilitating the explanation on the steps in carrying out, and for providing an illustration of the outcome of, ATNA. The objectives of this chapter are to make a brief presentation of abductive approach to social research, describe ATNA, and demonstrate the techniques for such an analysis using Atlas-ti 6.2. The chapter concludes that ATNA can be a useful systematic way to proceed with qualitative data analysis that can be facilitated by the use of Atlas-ti 6.2.
A Study of Relationships in Online Virtual Environments
Authors: Davis Donna Z.
Published: April 2013

In an age when estimates of nearly a billion people around the globe are spending time in online games, researchers, organizations, governments, educational institutions, and businesses cannot ignore the potential impact of this behavior. Understanding online cultures, especially those where individuals can create and customize an avatar as their virtual counterpart and carry on the equivalent of a virtual life, requires an ethnographic approach. This study utilizes a mixed-method ethnography over a two-year period including semi-structured interviews to get to know the “residents” of this virtual world. This chapter outlines the challenges and opportunities inherent in the technology when conducting interviews with avatars and offers insights on what can be learned from them.
Methods for Analyzing Computer-Mediated Communication in Educational Sciences
Authors: Ozcinar Huseyin , Ozturk H. Tugba
Published: April 2013

Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is the process by which individuals can exchange information, communicate with each other in multiple ways, and socially construct knowledge by means of networked information and communication technologies (Gunawerdana et al., 1997). CMC tools record transcripts of messages and interactions and provide researchers with a “ready-made” source of data. Today, researchers are seeking for alternative theories, methods, and software tools in order to better investigate CMC and its effect on different learning outcomes (Garrison, 2000). In order to understand the learning process in CMC, content analysis, and sequential analysis (interaction analysis), Jeong (2005) offers a methodological framework to explore the discussion process, product, and quality. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors aim to provide guidance for scholars and practitioners by referring to the basics of the two complementary methods (content analysis and sequential analysis), pitfalls, challenges, as well as strategies and implications of the methods.
Researching Online Dating
Authors: Couch Danielle , Liamputtong Professor Pranee
Published: April 2013

In this chapter the authors discuss two different online interview methods (IM and email). The chapter is based on the authors’ experiences in conducting a qualitative research project online, with a particular focus on online dating and sexual health. They also provide discussions on the benefits and challenges of each interview method and how the methods compare to each other. They provide examples from their interview transcripts and from the field notes they took during the project. The authors argue that there continues to be an expansion of Internet usage and increasing uptake of high speed broadband in various places. This may mean new populations become accessible for online interviewing and also increases the possibility of researchers moving beyond text-based interviewing to online video interviewing. Yet regardless of these changes, it will continue to be important for researchers to make an effort to determine which method is most appropriate to the environment, users’ preferences, and research questions.
Intrarectal Immunization and IgA Antibody-Secreting Cell Homing to the Small Intestine
Authors: Agnello Davide , Denimal Damien , Lavaux Amandine , Blondeau-Germe Leslie , Lu Bao , Gerard Norma P. , Gerard Craig , Pothier Pierre
Published: April 2013

According to the current paradigm, lymphocyte homing to the small intestine requires the expression of two tissue-specific homing receptors, the integrin α4β7 and the CCL25 receptor CCR9. In this study, we investigated the organ distribution and the homing molecule expression of IgA Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) induced by intrarectal immunization with a particulate Ag, in comparison with other mucosal immunization routes. Intrarectal immunization induces gut-homing IgA ASCs that localize not only in the colon but also in the small intestine, although they are not responsive to CCL25, unlike IgA ASCs induced by oral immunization. The mucosal epithelial chemokine CCL28, known to attract all IgA ASCs, does not compensate for the lack of CCL25 responsiveness, because the number of Ag-specific cells is not decreased in the gut of CCR10-deficient mice immunized by the intrarectal route. However, Ag-specific IgA ASCs induced by intrarectal immunization express the integrin α4β7, and their number is considerably decreased in the gut of β7-deficient mice immunized by the intrarectal route, indicating that α4β7 enables these cells to migrate into the small intestine, even without CCL25 responsiveness. In contrast, IgA ASCs induced by intranasal immunization express low α4β7 levels and are usually excluded from the gut. Paradoxically, after intranasal immunization, Ag-specific IgA ASCs are significantly increased in the small intestine of β7-deficient mice, demonstrating that lymphocyte homing is a competitive process and that integrin α4β7 determines not only the intestinal tropism of IgA ASCs elicited in GALTs but also the intestinal exclusion of lymphocytes primed in other inductive sites.
Inoculation Dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Does Not Influence Priming of T Cell Responses in Lymph Nodes
Authors: Myers Amy J. , Marino Simeone , Kirschner Denise E. , Flynn JoAnne L.
Published: April 2013

The effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inocula size on T cell priming in the lymph node and effector T cells in the lung remains controversial. In this study, we used a naive mouse model, without the transfer of transgenic T cells, in conjunction with mathematical model to test whether infection with higher aerosolized inocula would lead to increased priming of M. tuberculosis–specific T cells in the lung-draining lymph node. Our data do not support that inoculum size has a measurable influence on T cell priming in the lymph nodes but is associated with more cells overall in the lung, including T cells. To account for increased T cells in the lungs, we tested several possible mechanisms, and recruitment of T cells to the lungs was most influenced by inoculum dose. We also identified IL-10 as a possible mechanism to explain the lack of influence of inoculum dose on priming of T cells in the lymph node.
Notes on Cretaceous calcareous nannofloral biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia
Authors: Haggart J W , Burnett J A , Bown P R
Published: April 2013

To aid in correlation of poorly macrofossiliferous fine clastic strata of Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (NTS 103 C, F, K), we collected shale samples of Cretaceous and Jurassic (?) age, and processed and examined them for nannofossils. The ages of
some collections are well defined by ammonites, particularly in the Albian interval, but macrofossil age constraints for most of the collections are poor. The collections provided a number of poorly preserved nannofloras. Possible nannofloral ages represented in the collections range from Albian to
Maastrichtian, but most probably are within the Albian/Cenomanian interval. No pre-Albian nannofloras were identified. Nannofossil biostratigraphical zones are given and some correlation with the macrofossils is achieved. The presence of Seribiscutum primitivum in several samples suggests a high
latitude site of deposition.
Coastal erosion on the east coast of Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia
Authors: Conway K W , Barrie J V
Published: April 2013

The coastal zone of eastern Graham Island, the largest of the Queen Charlotte Islands, is subject to severe erosional events during winter storms. Over 11 m of land was lost over a one year period (1992-1993) at one monitoring site (Cape Fife) and 1.5 m was
measured to have eroded at the same location in a 24 hour period following a storm (Feb. 8, 1994). Analysis of airphotos indicate that a rate of erosion of about 1 m per annum is indicated in the northern part of the study area. Slumping of oversteepened Holocene dunes and Pleistocene cliffs during
and shortly after southeasterly winter storms combined with strong longshore transport to the north are the dominant processes observed. Shore-attached bars may also play an important role in sediment storage and transport of eroded sediments on the east coast of Graham
Island.
Results of a survey of clients for a proposed geoscience atlas of Georgia Basin, British Columbia
Authors: Hussain N , Mustard P S , Struik L C , Luternauer J L L , Matysek P , Sibbick S , Bobrowsky P , Noble W
P
Published: April 2013

The Georgia Basin is one of the fastest growing urban regions in Canada. The Geological Survey of Canada and the Geological Survey Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources, have explored the potential growing need for geoscience
information in the area through a telephone and mail survey of educational institutions, government agencies, geoscience consulting firms, and community organizations. Existing and potential clients were surveyed about the types of geoscience information they currently use and/or have used, in what
format the data were used, and what topics may be required in the future. This survey confirms four points: 1) traditional geoscience topics remain popular; 2) a digital atlas of geoscience data is desired; 3) there is an eager audience for educational material on geological sciences; and, 4)
geoscience information is increasingly being requested and used in digital formats.
Downhole logging measurements in the Fraser Delta, British Columbia
Authors: Mwenifumbo C J , Killeen P G , Elliott B
Published: April 2013

Downhole geophysical logging measurements have been made on the Fraser River Delta to construct a more precise lithostratigraphy of the area. The parameters measured include gamma ray, density, magnetic susceptibility, and temperature. Lithological
identifications were made through the use of gamma-ray logs. Sands, silts, and clayey silts are characterized by very low, medium, and high radioactivity, respectively. Most of the sediments show a progressive consolidation with depth due to compaction, which can be easily determined from the
geophysical logging data. Because of the good correlation between texture and natural radioactivity, the gamma ray logs were used to determine the depositional environments of the drilled sediments. Gamma ray data correlate well with geotechnical data obtained with a cone penetrometer. Cohesive,
clayey/silty soils are associated with increased radioactivity. The natural gamma-ray data may, therefore, be used to characterize soil types in the Fraser River Delta.
Significance of the Pakowki Formation to mapping in the deformed belt of the southern Canadian Cordillera, Alberta
Authors: Jerzykiewicz T
Published: April 2013

A shale unit in the footwall of the Coleman thrust plate at Coleman, Alberta, possesses foraminiferal, palynological, and lithological characteristics of the Pakowki/Nomad marine cycle. The Pakowki transgression of the Plains of southern Alberta correlates with
the Claggett transgression which began in western Montana at approximately 80 Ma. Recognition of the Pakowki marine shale in the deformed belt permits separation of the uppermost formations of the Alberta Group (Burmis and Lees Lake formations) from the Belly River strata. A new stratigraphic
classification of the upper, Campanian part of the Alberta Group, and the Belly River Group, recommended for the NATMAP projects, allows a refinement of sedimentological and structural interpretations of the thrust and fold belt of the southern Canadian Cordillera.
Triangle zone and foothills structures along and adjacent to the Oldman River, southwestern Alberta
Authors: Stockmal G S , MacKay P A
Published: April 2013

New mapping and interpretation of triangle zone and foothills structures along and adjacent to the Oldman River, southwestern Alberta, utilizes proprietary industry seismic reflection data as well as a recently proposed subdivision of the former Belly River
Formation. A newly recognized fault is interpreted to form the upper detachment of a triangle zone, above which significant deformation occurs in the form of west-vergent thrusts and kilometre-scale folds. This structural configuration, considerably more complex than often ascribed to triangle
zones, may reflect mechanical consequences of increasing dip on the upper detachment or zones of overlap and linkage between propagating thrusts within the hanging wall of the upper detachment. East-vergent thrusts west of the upper detachment are seen on the seismic data to flatten abruptly with
depth, within 3 to 5 km of the surface, a geometry nowhere suggested by steep surface dips.
Hydrochemical and hydrogeological investigation of a potential coalbed methane area, southeastern British Columbia
Authors: Harrison S M , Abercrombie H J , Barker J F
Published: April 2013

Field sampling and inorganic and organic chemical and isotopic analyses of surface and subsurface waters in the Elk River and Fording River valleys have been done as part of a hydrochemical and hydrogeological examination of potential coalbed methane development
in southeastern British Columbia. The waters sampled are characterized by low total dissolved solids and, except where contamination of production test facilities is indicated, are essentially devoid of BTEX and PAH compounds. Isotopic analysis of aqueous carbonate species indicates that methane is
probably being actively produced by microbial reactions. Tritium analyses of subsurface waters indicate that the area is characterized by active flow systems.
Disseminated Au-Ag-Cu mineralization in the western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, Fort MacKay, northeastern Alberta: a new gold deposit type
Authors: Feng R , Abercrombie H J
Published: April 2013

Disseminated Au-Ag-Cu mineralization has been discovered in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) at Fort MacKay, Alberta, Canada. Host rocks are basement granitoids, Devonian limestones, and Cretaceous sandstones. Dominant gold forms (mostly 0.5-2
microns) are Au+Si and native Au in granitoids, and Au+Ca, Au+Al, Au, Au+Ag, Au+Cd, Au+Si, and Au+salts mixtures in sediments. Alteration includes calcite, quartz, salts, clay, and Ce-bearing minerals with abundant hematite and little pyrite. Other metallic elements occur as alloys, oxides,
chlorides, and carbonates. The occurrence of Au-Ag-Cu mineralization is explained by a genetic model in which oxidized brines leach metals from basal redbed sandstone, paleosols, and basement, which are later precipitated by reducing agents and by brine mixing. The discovery of Au-Ag-Cu
mineralization signifies a great opportunity for Au and other metal exploration in the WCSB.
Apparent tortuosity of granitic rock samples from the Lac du Bonnet batholith, Manitoba
Authors: Katsube T J , Scromeda N , Vandergraaf T T
Published: April 2013

Effective porosity (øE) and formation factor (F) have been determined for twelve specimens cut from three granite samples taken at the surface of Lac du Bonnet batholith (Manitoba), to determine their apparent tortuosities (ça). This parameter influences
radionuclide or ionic transport by diffusion in rocks, and is defined by ça = û(FøE). The results indicate that the formation factor (F) and effective porosity (øE) values are in the ranges of 4800-8300 and 0.42-0.56%, respectively. These ranges are within, but at the higher end of
those reported previously. The apparent tortuosity (ça) values are 5.0-6.4. There is a similar parameter represented by diffusion tortuosity (çD) which is directly determined from the diffusion measurements. The apparent tortuosity (ça) values obtained by this study are slightly
higher than those previously reported for this type of rock, but resemble previously reported diffusion tortuosity (çD) values.
Mapping the magma flow pattern in the Sudbury dyke swarm in Ontario using magnetic fabric analysis
Authors: Ernst R E
Published: April 2013

Based on a detailed magnetic fabric study, it is concluded that dykes of the 1235 Ma Sudbury swarm were emplaced laterally and that the source direction for most dykes was from the southeast probably from a mantle plume located under what is now the Grenville
Province.
A preliminary report on the stratigraphy and petrography of coarse clastic facies, Horton Group (Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous), Lake Ainslie map area, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
Authors: Hein F J
Published: April 2013

In west-central Cape Breton Island, clastic rocks of the Horton Group and underlying Fisset Brook Formation are distinguished on lithological criteria. The proposed stratigraphic framework is preliminary and is developed mainly for the eastern and southeastern
margin of the subbasin. Here, two unconformity-bounded successions occur. The lower coarse green conglomerate facies flanks pre-Carboniferous basement. The upper red fanglomerate facies unconformably overlies both pre-Carboniferous rocks and the older green conglomerate. Associated with the basal
green conglomerate facies, are grey quartz sandstone and grey/white quartz-pebble conglomerate as interfingering tongues or as infill along the basal unconformity. Thus, the traditional three-part subdivision of the Horton Group is valid, but must be modified to accommodate complex facies changes in
proximal areas to pre-Carboniferous highlands.
Ground electromagnetic surveys for environmental investigations at the Heath Steele mines area, New Brunswick
Authors: Sinha A K
Published: April 2013

As part of the Geological Survey of Canada's on-going research on the application of geophysical, mainly electromagnetic, methods in environmental investigations, a ground electromagnetic survey was conducted at two locations near the Heath Steele mine in New
Brunswick. The purpose of the survey was to determine if such surveys are useful for mapping the movement of acid mine drainage from a tailing pond and a stockpile of waste rock containing sulphide ores from an open-pit operation. Since acid mine drainage is normally more conductive than the
surrounding material, its movement in the direction of the hydraulic gradient can form a distinctive plume, which may be detected by a systematic mapping of ground conductivity in its neighbourhood. The conductive plume was successfully located at one location, but was not detected at the other
location. It is suspected that the contaminated fluids moved through fractures in the bedrock.
Preliminary interpretation of sub-North Mountain Basalt strata, Dark Harbour, Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick
Authors: Wade J A , Jansa L F
Published: April 2013

A sequence of argillaceous siltstones on Grand Manan Island, which underlies thick flows of North Mountain Basalt, is preliminarily interpreted as being equivalent to the Triassic/Early Jurassic Blomidon Formation of Nova Scotia. Deposition occurred in a playa
environment.
Dispersion des métaux lourds dans l'eau et les sédiments d'un ruisseau s'écoulant du parc à résidus de la mine de Montauban (comté de Portneuf, Québec)
Authors: La Flèche M R , Bolduc A , Camiré G , Talbot L , Bélanger J
Published: April 2013

A small stream drains mine tailings at Montauban (Portneuf County, Québec) toward the Batiscan River. The stream water and sediments contain variable concentrations of metals, some of which are potentially toxic. The high alkalinity of the stream water and
the presence of carbonates in the tailings control in part the trace metal cycle. Stream water and sediment geochemistry, however, shows that large concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, and As are present in the extractable fraction of the stream sediment and that Cd and Zn are released in the stream water.
This process becomes more important downstream, i.e., away from the tailings and toward the river as the pH of water decreases. The lowering of the pH in the stream explains this phenomenon, which seems to destabilize the iron hydroxides on which the metallic cations are
adsorbed.
Experiences with concrete pads for calibrating gamma-ray spectrometers
Authors: Grasty R L
Published: April 2013

Experiments have shown that above an energy of about 500 keV, the gamma-ray spectra from small calibration pads 1m x 1m x 30cm accurately represent the spectral shapes from simulated homogeneous infinite sources. Below this energy, the pad spectra lack the
downward scattered "skyshine" component. Outdoor portable gamma-ray spectrometer measurements showed that in utilizing the low energy part of spectrum, consideration must also be given to 137Cs gamma-radiation at 662 keV from atomic weapons testing.
An approach to quantitative interpretation of airborne VLF-EM data
Authors: Sinha A K
Published: April 2013

Airborne very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) methods are frequently used in multiparameter airborne geophysical surveys. In general, the measured total field and the vertical quadrature components of the magnetic field are presented as contours or
profiles without any attempts at quantitative interpretation. This paper presents the results of mathematical simulation of the airborne VLF-EM response of two-dimensional tabular conductors located within a host rock of finite resistivity, using a network solution technique. The results are used to
prepare characteristic diagrams, which may be used for quantitative interpretation of airborne VLF data acquired with a fixed-wing aircraft or helicopter. The procedure requires prior knowledge of the host rock resistivity, which may be obtained from an independent ground or airborne EM survey. The
method also requires that total field values be corrected for temporal and spatial variations, using ground VLF monitors.
LANDSAT TM imagery for alteration identification
Authors: Rencz A , Harris J , Ballantyne S B
Published: April 2013

LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (TM) data can be used to map altered rocks given the right geological environment. This paper briefly reviews spectral reflectance theory as it applies to the detection of different minerals and presents an example of how this theory can
be applied to LANDSAT TM data. The example is from a Cu-Au porphyry system, the Sulphurets area, located northwest of Stewart, British Columbia. The example illustrates the application of LANDSAT TM data in mapping rocks that have undergone alteration, primarily iron oxidation and clay
alteration.