bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unpacking cooperation in diverse teams
Authors: Yang Trevor Yu Kang , Cable Daniel M.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of team members' informational diversity (i.e. educational and functional dissimilarity) on team cooperation, focusing on the moderating role of long‐term time orientation. The authors theorize that teams' long‐term orientation moderates the diversity‐cooperation relationship through its effect on prosocial civic virtue behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 56 teams of MBA students were surveyed and data were analyzed along with third‐party records of demographic data on educational and functional backgrounds.

Findings

Mediated moderation analyses indicated that for teams with high long‐term orientation, a negative relationship exists between informational diversity and civic virtue, while no significant relationship existed for teams with low long‐term orientation.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should be conducted to address remaining concerns about the generalizability of the current findings and common method bias. Further research is also recommended to uncover the potential of cultural values like long‐term orientation to inhibit or facilitate diversity effects.

Practical implications

The current findings highlight the importance of considering the context and team member orientations toward time in particular as factors impacting how teams with informational diversity operate. Managers of teams consisting of members with high long‐term orientation are advised to take steps to minimize the risk experienced by team members when they engage in voice‐based behaviors.

Originality/value

This article highlights the role of team member orientation towards time as a boundary condition of the link between team diversity and cooperation. Voice‐based civic virtue behaviors are also identified as key antecedents to cooperative teams.
Composite sandwich structures with rapid prototyped cores
Authors: Williams Richard R. , Howard William E. , Martin Scott M.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using rapid prototyping (RP) technologies (stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and three‐dimensional printing (3DP)) for fabrication of the core of a composite sandwich structure.

Design/methodology/approach

Control cores of a flat geometry were fabricated from epoxy using SLA and from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic using FDM. Corrugated geometry cores were fabricated using SLA, FDM, and 3DP. Carbon‐epoxy composite sandwich structures were fabricated from all cores using a wet‐hand layup process with vacuum cure. The performance of each core was measured using a bend test to determine bending stiffness and failure load.

Findings

Based upon bending stiffness and failure load, composite sandwich structures utilizing epoxy cores fabricated via SLA outperformed composite sandwich structures utilizing plaster powder and ABS plastic cores. Composite sandwich structures with corrugated ABS plastic cores outperformed those with flat ABS plastic cores by a margin well beyond that predicted by theory in both bending stiffness and failure load.

Research limitations/implications

The marked improvement in stiffness and failure load of the composite sandwich structures with corrugated ABS plastic cores over those with flat ABS cores is not explained by the theoretical improvement due to an increased area moment of inertia and increased surface area. Additional research in the failure mechanism is warranted.

Practical implications

The ability to easily create complex core geometries will allow for the ability to place enhanced structural features in the regions of high stress.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates that cores fabricated via RP technology and containing enhanced structural features are suitable for carbon‐epoxy composite sandwich structures.
Gas turbine blade manufacturing by use of epoxy resin tooling and silicone rubber molding techniques
Authors: Vaezi M. , Safaeian D. , Chua C.K.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

Conventional investment casting of turbine blades is a time consuming and expensive process due to the complications in wax injection steps and the complex shape of airfoil surfaces. By using rapid investment casting, a substantial improvement in the gas turbine blade manufacturing process can be expected. However, this process needs to be able to compete with conventional investment casting from a dimensional accuracy view of point. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the manufacture of gas turbine blades via two indirect rapid tooling (RT) technologies, namely epoxy (EP) resin tooling and silicon rubber molding.

Design/methodology/approach

The second stage blade of a Ruston TA 1750 gas turbine (rated at 1.3 MW) was digitized by a coordinate measuring machine. The aluminum‐filled EP resin and silicon rubber molds were fabricated using StereoLithography master models. Several wax patterns were made by injection in the EP resin and silicone rubber molds. These wax patterns were utilized for ceramic shell fabrication and blade casting.

Findings

Dimensional inspection of cast blades showed that silicone rubber molding was not a suitable approach for production of blade wax patterns. The maximum deviation for the final cast blade made using the silicone rubber mold was +0.402 mm. The maximum deviation for the final cast blade made using the EP resin mold was lower at −0.282 mm. This showed that EP resin tooling could enable new cost‐effective solutions for small batch production of gas turbine blades.

Practical implications

The research results presented will give efficient industrial approach and scientific insight of the gas turbine blade manufacturing by use of rapid technologies.

Originality/value

There are some general research works related to utilization of rapid technologies for manufacturing of gas turbine blade. However, this paper presents a unique procedure of integrated reverse engineering and RT technologies for rapid investment casting of gas turbine blade through presenting comprehensive comparison between two techniques from dimensional accuracy view of point.
Development of new rapid prototyping process
Authors: Wesley Machado Cunico Marlon , Marcus Gomes da Silva Cruz Carlos , Machado Cunico Miriam , Volpato Neri
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the key elements of a new rapid prototyping process, which involves layer‐by‐layer deposition of liquid‐state material and at the same time using an ultraviolet line source to cure the deposited material. This paper reports studies about the behaviour of filaments, deposition accuracy, filaments interaction and functional feasibility of system. Additionally, the author describes the process which has been proposed, the equipment that has been used for these studies and the material which was developed in this application.

Design/methodology/approach

The research has been separated into three study areas in accordance with their goals. In the first, both the behaviour of filament and deposition accuracy was studied. The design of the experiment is described with focus on four response factors (bead width, filament quality, deposition accuracy and deposition continuity) along with function of three control factors (deposition height, deposition velocity and extrusion velocity). The author also studied the interaction between filaments as a function of bead centre distance. In addition, two test samples were prepared to serve as a proof of the methodology and to verify the functional feasibility of the process which has been studied.

Findings

The results show that the proposed process is functionally feasible, and that it is possible to identify the main effects of control factors over response factors. That analysis is used to predict the condition of process as a function of the parameters which control the process. Also identified were distances of centre beads which result in a specific behaviour. The types of interaction between filaments were analysed and sorted into: union, separation and indeterminate. At the end, the functional feasibility of process was proved whereby two test parts could be built.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a new rapid prototyping process and also presents test studies related to this proposition. The author has focused on the filament behaviour, deposition accuracy, interaction between filaments and studied the functional feasibility of process to provide new information about this process, which at the same time is useful to the development of other rapid prototyping processes.
Determinants of purchasing intention for fashion luxury goods in the Italian market
Authors: Amatulli Cesare , Guido Gianluigi
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the latent determinants of the purchasing intention for fashion luxury goods.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 40 in‐depth interviews were conducted with Italian customers in a fashion luxury goods store in Italy. Qualitative research was employed in data collection using the laddering technique and the means‐end chain (MEC) analysis.

Findings

Results showed that consumers buy luxury fashion goods mainly to match their lifestyle, thus satisfying their inner drives. The hierarchical value map resulting from the data collection and elaboration demonstrates that self‐confidence and self‐fulfillment are the main hidden final values when buying and consuming luxury goods. Implications for marketers are related to tailoring products, brand values and communication messages to the subjective, self‐rewarding and “internalized” consumption sought after by consumers.

Originality/value

The contribution of the paper is based on the use of the laddering technique and the means‐end chain (MEC) analysis for investigating latent determinants of purchase intention for fashion luxury goods. Moreover, the paper examines this topic in the Italian market, which represents a relevant instance of mature market for fashion luxury goods.
The influence of real estate risk on market volatility
Authors: Seng Cheong Chee , Olshansky Anna , Zurbruegg Ralf
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causal relationship between risk experienced within the real estate industry and that of the overall market in the UK context. The motivation behind this research is to investigate whether the real estate sector transmits risk to the wider marketplace and whether this phenomenon existed, or was exacerbated, during the most recent financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was undertaken over a 20‐year timeframe, from 1990 to 2010, with special attention being awarded to the global financial crisis (GFC) period from 2008 to 2010. The paper first undertakes graphical modeling of market and industry volatilities in an attempt to identify which industry drives market uncertainty. This is followed by quantitative computation of industry‐specific volatility, which is employed in examining the relationship between these volatilities using block exogeneity/Granger causality tests. Rolling sample analysis and impulse response functions are employed as robustness tests to substantiate the main results.

Findings

First, the analysis confirms research that finance industry volatility is a leader in driving market volatility. Second, it expands on these findings to identify the real estate sector as being a key source of this causal relationship. It finds that real estate risk is the one that regularly drives finance industry volatility over the 20‐year sample period. Third, and most importantly, it emerges that the causal link between the real estate sector and market volatility is at its strongest leading up to the most recent financial crisis. More specifically, the real estate investment trusts sub‐sector of real estate industry volatility is the one that has the strongest unidirectional relationship with market‐wide volatility, both directly and indirectly, through driving the finance industry volatility during the GFC.

Originality/value

These findings are significant for market participants, such as pension funds, which need to protect their assets from a stock market crash. Furthermore, anticipating a downturn by observing the trends in real estate sector volatility is highly advantageous in informing their trading strategies now and into the future. Policy makers likewise need a signal of an impending credit crunch and can utilize real estate market statistics to pre‐empt a freezing up of the credit markets.
Risk assessment and compensation analysis of court decisions in compulsory land acquisition compensation cases in Australia
Authors: Newell Graeme , Chan Nelson , Goodridge Evan
Published: March 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to assess all compulsory land acquisition court decisions in Australia over 1985‐2009 to provide a risk assessment and compensation analysis involved in proceeding to court for compulsory land acquisition cases.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the AustLII legal database, every publicly available compulsory land acquisition court case decision in Australia over 1985‐2009 is assessed. These 58 court cases are assessed for claim, offer and judgment value.

Findings

A total of 91.4 percent of compulsory land acquisition court cases over 1985‐2009 were found to be successful in achieving a judgment value of at least that of the offer. The median judgment value for successful cases was 60 percent higher than the offer value, while for unsuccessful cases it was 68 percent lower than the offer value. Successful smaller judgments (<$2 million) generated more upside compensation (median of 66 percent) than larger judgments (>$2 million) (median 41 percent upside compensation). Appealed cases were found to be only 28.6 percent successful, with only a maximum of 5.6 percent additional compensation achieved.

Practical implications

This paper provides a rigorous empirical risk assessment and compensation analysis for compulsory land acquisition court cases in Australia over the last 25 years. This provides an effective tool for dispossessed property owners, statutory acquirers and their professional legal and valuation advisors for more informed compulsory land acquisition court case decision making.

Originality/value

Using all compulsory land acquisition court decisions in Australia over the last 25 years, this paper is the first attempt internationally to rigorously and empirically conduct a risk assessment and compensation analysis involved with proceeding to court for compulsory land acquisition cases. Given the significance of the compulsory land acquisition process, this empirically validated research enables a more informed and critical understanding of the risk factors and compensation outcomes attached to the compulsory land acquisition court case judgment process.
Policy agendas for South Korea's broadband convergence network infrastructure project
Authors: Menon Siddhartha
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the South Korean government's policy objectives for the Broadband Convergence Network (BcN).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper integrates two primary approaches. The first is documentary research and analysis of primary policy texts relating to the evolution of South Korea's Broadband Convergence Network (BcN) from 2004 to 2007. The second approach involves field interviews of key informants who are familiar with the policy agenda of the BcN in South Korea.

Findings

This paper's findings on the policy agenda of the BcN are intended to be useful for executives in the private sector, officials in government and academics in university settings who are interested in drawing insights from Korean experience to inform their own work.

Research limitations/implications

The BcN's mix of private and public sector stakeholders may have implications for incipient projects in terms of how to structure regulatory oversight for similar initiatives and how to determine the optimal level of government participation in similar broadband and new media infrastructures. This study serves as a first step for academic inquiry into the policy implications of the BcN.

Originality/value

This paper advances the existing research on broadband policy in South Korea by providing one of the only scholarly research studies to address the BcN. Even though the existing research base addresses broadband in South Korea, this is one of the few studies that specifically examines the BcN infrastructure project. As a result this paper offers a unique and distinct analysis of the policy agenda for the BcN and examines the institutional underpinnings of this particular infrastructure project which has not been adequately covered in the existing literature.
Do cross‐subsidies hinder telecommunications market entry?
Authors: Majumdar Sumit K.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

This study aims to examine competitive entry in the presence of cross‐subsidization of firms in the telecommunications industry.

Design/methodology/approach

How variations in cross‐subsidies, received via the separations mechanism, influence firms to enter the territories of incumbents is assessed for the population of local exchange firms in the USA.

Findings

Firms able to obtain greater cross‐subsidies, on average, experience less entry within their territories. Competition has evolved considerably in the telecommunications industry in the last two decades.

Research limitations/implications

These results point to the need for evaluating cross‐subsidies, where these may still exist, so as to encourage entry.

Originality/value

This article is the first to look at the consequences of an important regulatory phenomenon and its impact on competition. The results at the confluence of regulation and competition policies have potential applications across the world.
Moral judgment in computing undergraduates
Authors: Jagger Suzy
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether, when teaching professional ethics, the educational interventions have any effect on improving students' moral decisions. One method often used to measure change is the well‐established defining issues test – an American test based on Kohlberg's stage theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Using this test, two before‐and‐after studies were carried out on cross‐cultural cohorts of first year computing undergraduates which both received the same lectures, debates and moral‐decision‐making exercises.

Findings

One study showed a significant increase in moral judgment whilst the other showed a decrease (although not significant). Both studies indicated mean scores far below the American averages.

Research limitations/implications

As both studies involved relatively small sample sizes, the results are indicative rather than conclusive. However, they bring to light issues associated with the test, in both American and non‐American research, indicating that lower than average mean scores could be due to cross‐cultural and situational variations.

Practical implications

The paper questions the premise of stage theory as a method for measurement within a cross‐cultural context; and the usefulness of measuring one component of moral development (moral judgment) in isolation.

Originality/value

The paper proposes that tests based on more discipline‐specific skills, rather than stage theory, would be of greater use in evaluating student levels of moral development.
Freelance technical writers: does temporary work promote ethical issues?
Authors: Brady Kathy
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether freelance technical writers experience greater ethical issues than do their permanently employed counterparts. Because freelance technical writers work at the whim of the client, it is possible that the perhaps tenuous nature of this relationship may leave freelance technical writers feeling obligated to complete projects about which they have ethical concerns.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study was conducted through an e‐mail survey, a more detailed e‐mail interview, and a phone interview.

Findings

A clear majority of the respondents in this study have never had ethical issues with their clients and fell that they, not permanently employed writers, are at an ethical advantage in their work.

Research limitations/implications

The respondents for this study worked for clients from a wide variety of fields and industries. Conducting additional research with controls in place to focus on specific, individual fields could prove very enlightening.

Practical implications

Respondents discussed the challenge of clients being wary to trust them as they worked off‐site. These results suggest that freelance technical writers, as a whole, are professionals with a high degree of personal ethics that guide their work lives. Perhaps, this research could allay fears of those previously concerned about having technical writers do work for them away from their corporate plants.

Originality/value

Freelance technical writers and the ethical issues that arise from their work have previously not been studied.
Industrial engineering priorities for improved demand chain performance
Authors: Towill D.R. , Childerhouse P.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to exploit site‐based research evidence from a range of value streams so as to prioritise the industrial engineering (IE) foci necessary to move towards the goal of a seamless demand chain.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 40 real‐world value streams have been audited to produce codified scores assessing the usage of 12 Simplicity Rules leading to streamlined material flow. The rules are partitioned into “local” (Internal) and “holistic” (External) actions. Exploratory statistics are used to explore the different uptake of these two groups.

Research limitations/implications

The sample is neither random nor fully representative of all supply chain scenarios. This paper confirms, via site based research, the validity of first actioning the improvements necessary to enable “our process” to deliver efficiently and effectively, in response to internal demands.

Practical implications

Expending effort into effective engineering of “our process(es)” as first priority offers a double advantage compared to starting at the systems level. Such a strategy generates both competence and confidence. Once this level is achieved the business is in a good position for upgrading the external interfaces.

Originality/value

This paper shows that modern industrial engineering concepts transpose into two groups of Simplicity Rules, which can move a business forward towards the seamless demand chain goal. The rich field data confirm a logical industrial engineering sequence when enhancing demand chain performance.
Profit sharing in the nineteenth century: history of a controversial remuneration system
Authors: Estay Christophe , Lakshman C. , Pesme Jacques‐Olivier
Published: March 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the deep‐seated ideological, economic, and social roots of the notion and practice of profit sharing in French enterprise, from a historical perspective. Although this practice is legally mandated in France today, this paper seeks to identify the historical roots of such practices and to locate them in the ideological, social, and economic domains of discourse.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors provide a brief review of the literature on profit sharing and identify the current knowledge on the relationship between profit sharing and firm performance, in addition to the motivations for implementing profit sharing and its non‐financial consequences.

Findings

From the mid‐nineteenth century onwards, profit sharing entailed more than just a few anecdotal experiments and actually raised a number of deep‐seated ideological, economic and social questions. The French practice of profit sharing has a profoundly “social responsibility” argument at its base. De Gaulle's argument for this was embedded in a broader rhetoric of finding a third alternative between unbridled capitalism and unrestricted socialism, and one that could ameliorate the human condition.

Research limitations/implications

Psychological ownership among employees can be promoted through profit sharing and employee ownership programs.

Practical implications

It is critical for managers to ensure the success of profit sharing schemes by providing for higher levels of employee voice and including employee involvement programs.

Social implications

Whereas the ideological basis (social responsibility), had a dominant impact in France, in the evolution of such practices leading up to their legislation other countries focused more on the instrumental and utilitarian benefits.

Originality/value

The authors use the approach of historical analysis of profit sharing practices in France to draw cross‐national lessons for today's managers around the globe.
Using hypertext ethnography to understand corporate‐stakeholder relations in CSR
Authors: Coronado Gabriela , Fallon Wayne
Published: March 2011

Purpose

Within the context of a broader project that analysed CSR practices, this paper seeks to explain a methodological approach to web‐based research that the authors call “hypertext ethnography”. This approach aims to enable the paper to focus on the relations between three publicly listed corporations in Australia and the recipients of a selection of their CSR programs.

Design/methodology/approach

Informed by ethnographic principles, hypertext ethnography provided the research protocols and analytical frame that were used to deconstruct the meanings in web texts that represented the connections between the corporations and their CSR stakeholders.

Findings

The corporations and the stakeholders articulated their perspectives on CSR in affirmative ways, apparently to maintain their positive benefactor‐recipient relations. While these discourses held the potential to mask more complex tensions in their relationships, the web was found to provide a rich hypertextual story that had a vastly broader scope than the self‐contained corporate and stakeholder agendas.

Research limitations/implications

The research approach presented here provides a useful first approximation to the study of CSR, through self representations, and offers a rigorous critical understanding of the practice of CSR. The approach can achieve much with only limited resources, but it could be developed through on‐site ethnographic research.

Practical implications

Because image‐conscious corporations are often reluctant to participate in CSR research, the unobtrusive approach of hypertext ethnography can provide access to important data for the researcher. This is especially significant in the case of critical research, and when the characteristics of the CSR contributions or stakeholder relations are to be investigated.

Originality/value

This paper offers a new way for approaching the study of CSR, by taking advantage of rich sources of data that are publicly available. Treating the web texts as primary data and critically analysing them following rigorous research protocols, enable new opportunities for understanding the public representations of CSR.
Pattern of corporate social responsibility programs: a case study
Authors: Hidayati Nur Diana
Published: March 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the pattern of CSR programs run by PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk, PT Sari Husada PT, Astra International Tbk, and PT Aneka Tambang Tbk.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was focused on three main areas, namely: relation of CSR programs with the companies' core businesses; coverage of the programs on triple bottom line (economic, social, and environmental); and the execution of CSR programs as sustainable development and the companies' competitive advantage. It used a qualitative approach, i.e. a case study. Primary and secondary data are in the form of information about CSR programs conducted by the four companies from sustainable reports downloaded from each respective company's web site, mass media news downloaded from the internet, and other literature studies.

Findings

The case study shows high commitment from the four companies to the execution of CSR programs and business ethics. They also attempt to carry out programs involving the triple bottom line. Also, this case study found that two consumer goods companies (Unilever Indonesia and Sari Husada) and one manufacturing company (Astra International) conduct CSR programs that are both related and unrelated to their core businesses while a mining company (Aneka Tambang) tends to conduct CSR programs that are unrelated to its core business. Another finding from this case study is that both related and unrelated programs are forms of the companies' sustainable development.

Research limitations/implications

The primary data in this case study were only collected from the publications of CSR programs, and from company web sites or news coverage accessed via the internet, and so may be incomplete and not detailed. Therefore, it would be better to include in‐depth interviews with the companies to support the primary data in a further study. In general, this research brings a specific understanding of the qualitative research method. In particular, it gives a greater understanding of the importance of all applications in a case study. The procedures, types, designs and data analysis methods in the study case can be comprehended clearly.

Originality/value

The results of this case study can improve comprehension of the CSR concepts and theories, business ethics, sustainable development and reputations used to identify the pattern of CSR programs implemented by the four companies as research objects. Last but not least, the results of the case study give detailed comprehension regarding the CSR practices of several companies in Indonesia, based on the companies' characteristics, CSR programs' relations to the core business, CSR programs covering the triple bottom line, and the sustainability of the CSR programs.
Influencing factors on the ethical decision making of Iranian accountants
Authors: Modarres Ahmad , Rafiee Afsaneh
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which Iranian accountants think ethically. Furthermore, the paper aims to elaborate on the factors influencing the level of Iranian accountants' ethical decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The method used is a quantitative design. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire from a sample of students from four universities in Iran.

Findings

Among the factors correlated with students' ethical decision making are gender, level of education, work experience, and familiarity with the Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants' Code of Ethics.

Originality/value

As no study has previously been conducted on Iranian accountants' ethical decision making, this study was initiated in order to gain an insight into it.
A path model of perceived financial risk in casino blackjack
Authors: Dean Dwane H.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The prevalence of problematic gambling among adolescents and college‐age youth is estimated to be two to four times that of older consumers. Prior studies suggest this may be due to an age‐related difference in risk perception. This paper aims to focus on the perception of financial risk in playing casino blackjack among college‐age youth.

Design/methodology/approach

A convenience sample of subjects age 24 or less and reporting at least some experience in playing and wagering on casino blackjack completed paper and pencil questionnaires. Data were fit to a path model using LISREL. The study focuses on the perception of financial risk within this at‐risk population, suggesting that perceived financial risk is influenced by four factors: estimated risk to an average “other” gambler, the subject's level of experience in playing casino blackjack, the subject's self‐reported level of skill at blackjack play, and the estimated “fun” in playing the game.

Findings

Three significant total effects on perceived financial risk were found: estimated risk to an average other player (raising risk), estimated fun in playing the game (lowering risk), and self‐reported skill in playing the game (lowering risk). The effect of experience on risk perception was complex, separated into direct and indirect effects with opposing influences. The model explained 41 percent of variance in perceived risk. Subjects reported their own level of risk to be significantly lower than that for an average other blackjack player – an example of the phenomenon of optimistic bias.

Research limitations/implications

Data were not collected within a field (casino) setting and the influence of the setting on perceived financial risk was not accounted for.

Practical implications

The strongest influence on perceived personal risk was estimated risk to an average other gambler (raising risk). Communications attempting to deter youthful gambling might wish to portray an average young player and possible negative outcomes.

Originality/value

There does not appear to be an existing path model of risk in casino blackjack that includes the factors proposed in this study.
Examining the moderating influence of gender on the relationships between work‐family antecedents and work‐family enrichment
Authors: Baral Rupashree , Bhargava Shivganesh
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of family support, co‐worker support, supervisor support, work‐life balance policies (WLBPs), work‐family culture and job characteristics, as the predictors of work‐to‐family (WFE) and family‐to‐work (FWE) enrichment. In addition, it explored whether such effects were gender specific by examining the moderating effect of gender.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained from a sample of 485 managers in India. Analysis was done using multiple regressions.

Findings

Analyses revealed that family support, co‐worker support, supervisor support, WLBPs, work‐family culture and job characteristics predicted WFE while family support and job characteristics predicted FWE. Little moderating influence of gender was found. Gender moderated the relationship between WLBPs and WFE such that the relationship between the two was stronger for women as compared to men. Similarly, gender moderated the link between job characteristics and WFE such that the relationship between the two was stronger for men than women.

Research limitations/implications

The cross‐sectional design of the study constrains inferring conclusions regarding causality.

Practical implications

WLBPs have to be offered to women executives and organizations do have to make jobs more enriching in order to increase the level of WFE among women and men, respectively.

Originality/value

The construct work‐family enrichment examined in this paper reflects an understanding of work‐family interface from a newer lens in a novel socio‐cultural context and demonstrates the moderating role of gender.
Laser shock peening to improve the fatigue resistance of AA7050 components
Authors: Heckenberger Ulrike C. , Hombergsmeier Elke , Holzinger Vitus , von Bestenbostel Wolfgang
Published: March 2011

Purpose

Laser shock peening (LSP) is a process capable of introducing compressive residual stresses into a metallic component. The residual compressive stress field can extend deeper below the treated surface than that produced by conventional shot peening (SP). The effect of such deep compressive stress profile is expected to result in a significantly greater benefit in fatigue resistance after LSP compared to SP. The purpose of this paper is to examine this further.

Design/methodology/approach

Residual stress profiles have been determined by X‐ray diffraction and incremental centre hole drilling. They have been correlated with the respective LSP process parameters and the obtained fatigue behavior.

Findings

A significant improvement of the fatigue life was found for an R ratio of 0.1. SP leads to a fatigue improvement of about 15 percent. For the same specimen geometry, a fatigue life improvement of about 25‐35 percent, depending on the load level, can be obtained after LSP. However, not only for the positive R ratio, where it is quite obvious, but also for the negative R ratios, R=−1 and −3, an increase of the fatigue life is generated by SP and LSP.

Originality/value

A shown LSP has a high potential for extending the service life of metallic components at the design stage, but it may also be possible to apply this technique to in‐service aircraft to extend the service goals of existing structures.
Laser shock processing with two different laser sources on 2050‐T8 aluminum alloy
Authors: Peyre Patrice , Hfaiedh Neila , Song Hongbin , Ji Vincent , Vignal Vincent , Seiler Wilfrid , Branly Stephane
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comparative study of the surface modifications induced by two different lasers on a 2050‐T8 aluminum alloy, with a specific consideration of residual stress and work‐hardening levels.

Design/methodology/approach

Two lasers have been used for Laser shock peening (LSP) treatment in water‐confined regime: a Continuum Powerlite Plus laser, operating at 0.532 mm with 9 ns laser pulses, and near 1.5mm spot diameters; a new generation Gaia‐R Thales laser delivering 10 J‐10 ns impacts, with 4‐6mm homogeneous laser spots at 1.06 mm. Surface deformation, work‐hardening levels and residual stresses were analyzed for both LSP conditions. Residual stresses were compared with numerical simulations using a 3D finite element (FE) model, starting with the validation of surface deformations induced by a single laser impact.

Findings

Similar surface deformations and work‐hardening levels, but relatively lower residual stresses were obtained with the new large 4‐6 mm impact configuration. This was attributed to a reduced number of local cyclic loadings (2) compared with the small impact configuration (4). Additionally, more anisotropic stresses were obtained with small impacts. FE simulations using Johnson‐Cook's material' behavior were shown to simulate accurately surface deformations, but to overestimate maximum stress levels.

Research limitations/implications

This work should provide LSP workers a better understanding of the possible benefits from the different LSP configurations currently co‐existing: using small (<2 mm) impacts at high‐cadency rates or large ones (>4‐5 mm). Moreover, experimental results and simulated data had never been presented on 2050‐T8 Al alloy.

Originality/value

An experimental (and numerical) comparison using two distinct laser sources for LSP, has never been presented before. This preliminary work should help LSP workers to choose adequate sources.
Editorial Sport steps up to take the inside track
Authors: Chadwick Simon
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this editorial is to set the context for the first edition of this new sport business management journal, by identifying some key developments in the sport industry and establishing the parameters for papers that may be subsequently submitted to the journal.

Design/methodology/approach

The inaugural editorial is based upon the Editor's previous academic experience and his work with practitioners in the field of sport business management. As such, the commentary presented reflects a perceived need for high‐quality research within the field of sport business management.

Findings

On the basis of extensive experience working with leading business scholars, as well as senior managers from across sport, it is the Editor's view that the business of sport is a dynamic, increasingly complex industry that is generating a multitude of research opportunities but which at the same time requires sophisticated insights to be developed.

Research limitations/implications

The editorial introduction defines the scope of the journal, setting the parameters for prospective authors seeking to submit papers to the publication.

Practical implications

Implicit within the editorial introduction is the notion that, while academically rigorous research is central to the development of sport business management, the practical application of this research is essential.

Social implications

Fundamental to both the editorial introduction and the journal's scope is a firm belief that sport and the business of sport require good management principles to be developed and applied, thereby influencing policy and practice.

Originality/value

The paper invites prospective authors and readers to view sport in what will be, for some people, a new way. That is, seeing sport in managerial, commercial and industrial terms.
What can business leaders learn from sport?
Authors: Burnes Bernard , O'Donnell Helen
Published: March 2011

Purpose

There is a growing belief that business leaders can learn valuable lessons from successful sports coaches and athletes. This article seeks to examine the extent to which methods for achieving sporting success are applicable to business.

Design/methodology/approach

The research utilised a qualitative, interview‐based approach to data gathering. The data sample consisted of eight leading coaches. The interviews were analysed using template methodology.

Findings

The research found that there are areas in which business leaders can learn lessons from sport, especially in terms of change and staff development.

Research limitations/implications

The research is based on interviews with a small sample of coaches. In order to develop the research further, a more extensive sample is required.

Practical implications

Business leaders should only focus on those aspects of sporting excellence which are applicable to the business world. However, they should also recognise that these are applicable to all levels of leadership in an organisation and not just senior managers.

Originality/value

The research challenges some of the hype around the relationship between sporting excellence and business excellence, but it does show lessons can be learned in important areas of staff development, the most prominent being the ability to welcome and bring about change.
Effect of Bovine Parathyroid Hormone 1–34 Fragment on Renal Production and Excretion of Adenosine 3′, 5′ Monophosphate in Man
Authors: Czekalski Stanislas , Loreau Nadine , Paillard Françoise , Ardaillou Raymond , Fillastre Jean‐Paul , Mallet Eric
Published: March 2011

Abstract. Biologically active bovine parathyroid hormone (b PTH) 1–34 fragment infused over one hour in normal subjects produced an immediate and sharp increase in the excreted fractions of filtered bicarbonate, sodium and potassium, followed by the return to pre‐infusion levels as soon as the administration of b PTH was stopped. There was a gradual but steady increase in the excreted fraction of filtered phosphate but a decrease in the excreted fraction of filtered calcium and magnesium. The excreted fractions of these ions were still abnormal 150 minutes after the completion of PTH infusion. The urinary excretion of 3′5′‐cyolic AMP increased immediately about one hundred‐fold but returned rapidly to pre‐infusion levels. Urinary clearance of cyclic AMP approximated glomerular filtration rate in control periods and was twenty to thirty times greater during b PTH infusion. In subjects overloaded with bicarbonate, b PTH brought about a decrease in bicarbonate Tm and the same effects on the urinary excretion of other electrolytes. 3′5′‐cyclic AMP excretion was clearly higher in control periods and reached higher levels during b PTH infusion when compared to subjects without an alkaline load. 3′5′‐cyclic AMP excretion and fractional clearance were also clearly higher in subjects not given b PTH when control periods were compared to periods with bicarbonate infusion or after acetazolamide administration. During distal blockade obtained by simultaneous administration of chlorothiazide and ethacrynic acid, there was a delay in the rise of 3′5′‐cyclic AMP excretion after b PTH administration. It can be concluded from these studies that the pattern of excretion of 3′5′‐cyclic AMP is similar to that of bicarbonate, sodium and potassium. The increase of 3′5′‐cyclic AMP excretion when urinary pH is above 7 suggests a diffusion trapping mechanism for the secretion into the lumen of this nucleotide. Distal diuretics used in distal blockade did not inhibit 3′5′‐cyclic AMP production but delayed its secretion into urine.
Leukocyte Glucocerebrosidase Deficiency Diagnostic in Adult Gaucher's Disease with Negative Bone Marrow Biopsy. Some Properties of the Enzyme in Leukocytes and Spleen
Authors: Klibansky Ch. , Hoffmann J. , Pinkhas J. , Algom D. , Dintzman M. , Ben‐Bassat M. , de Vries A.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. A sixty‐one year‐old man with Gaucher's disease is described. The disease was manifested by splenomegaly, hypersplenism and elevations of serum acid phosphatase and immunoglobulin but no bone lesions were roentgenologically demonstrable and bone marrow biopsy failed to reveal Gaucher cells. The diagnosis was established prior to splenectomy by the finding of decreased β‐D‐glucoside glucohydrolase (β‐D‐GGH) activity in his peripheral leukocytes. Examination of the surgically removed spleen revealed Gaucher cells, a large excess of glucocerebroside and decreased β‐D‐GGH activity. Splenectomy was followed by normalization of haemoglobin, white cell and platelet counts and of the serum acid phosphatase and immunoglobulin levels. The patient's leukocyte β‐D‐GGH activity showed an optimum pH similar to that of normal leukocyte enzyme, about 5.4, using both glucocerebroside (Glc‐Cer) and 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (MU‐Glc) as substrate. The patient's spleen β‐D‐GGH activity showed a pH optimum of about 4.5, which differed slightly from that of normal spleen enzyme. The Km values of β‐D‐GGH in the patient's leukocytes for Glc‐Cer and MU‐Glc were 1.35 × 10−4 M and 3.6 × 10−3 M, respectively, i.e. in the normal range. The patient's splenic tissue Km values were for Glc‐Cer and MU‐Glc 0.52 × 10−4 M and 5.8 × 10−3 M, respectively, as compared to 0.30 × 10−4 M and 5.0 × 10−3 M in a normal control.
Plasma Cyclic AMP and Total Catecholamines during Acute Myocardial Infarction in Man
Authors: Strange Richard C. , Vetter Norman , Rowe Michael J. , Oliver Michael F.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. There is marked alteration in endocrine activity during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Many of the hormones involved act by changing target cell concentrations of adenosine 3′:5′ monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Since cyclic AMP can escape from cells, changes in intracellular concentrations of the nucleotide may be reflected in changes in plasma levels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether plasma cyclic AMP concentrations alter during the development of AMI.—Elevation of plasma cyclic AMP concentrations was noted during the first few hours following the onset of symptoms of AMI. The highest concentrations, recorded in a group of four patients with shock, showed a range of 54–193 pmol/ml which was significantly elevated compared to the normal range of 9–22 pmol/ml. This increase in plasma cyclic AMP correlated significantly and positively with plasma concentrations of total catecholamines. Patients with the worst prognosis had the highest plasma concentrations of cyclic AMP and total catecholamines.