bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activity-Dependent Remodeling ofDrosophilaOlfactory Sensory Neuron Brain Innervation during an Early-Life Critical Period
Authors: Golovin Randall M. , Vest Jacob , Vita Dominic J. , Broadie Kendal
Published: February 2019

Critical periods are windows of development when the environment has a pronounced effect on brain circuitry. Models of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities, and schizophrenia, are linked to disruption of critical period remodeling. Critical periods open with the onset of sensory experience; however, it remains unclear exactly how sensory input modifies brain circuits. Here, we examine olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) innervation of theDrosophilaantennal lobe of both sexes as a genetic model of this question. We find that olfactory sensory experience during an early-use critical period drives loss of OSN innervation of antennal lobe glomeruli and subsequent axon retraction in a dose-dependent mechanism. This remodeling does not result from olfactory receptor loss or OSN degeneration, but rather from rapid synapse elimination and axon pruning in the target olfactory glomerulus. Removal of the odorant stimulus only during the critical period leads to OSN reinnervation, demonstrating that remodeling is transiently reversible. We find that this synaptic refinement requires the OSN-specific olfactory receptor and downstream activity. Conversely, blocking OSN synaptic output elevates glomeruli remodeling. We find that GABAergic neurotransmission has no detectable role, but that glutamatergic signaling via NMDA receptors is required for OSN synaptic refinement. Together, these results demonstrate that OSN inputs into the brain manifest robust, experience-dependent remodeling during an early-life critical period, which requires olfactory reception, OSN activity, and NMDA receptor signaling. This work reveals a pathway linking initial olfactory sensory experience to glutamatergic neurotransmission in the activity-dependent remodeling of brain neural circuitry in an early-use critical period.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurodevelopmental disorders manifest symptoms at specific developmental milestones that suggest an intersection between early sensory experience and brain neural circuit remodeling. One classic example is Fragile X syndrome caused by loss of an RNA-binding translation regulator of activity-dependent synaptic refinement. As a model,Drosophilaolfactory circuitry is well characterized, genetically tractable, and rapidly developing, and thus ideally suited to probe underlying mechanisms. Here, we find olfactory sensory neurons are dramatically remodeled by heightened sensory experience during an early-life critical period. We demonstrate removing the olfactory stimulus during the critical period can reverse the connectivity changes. We find that this remodeling requires neural activity and NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission. This improved understanding may help us design treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Neural Variability Limits Adolescent Skill Learning
Authors: Caras Melissa L. , Sanes Dan H.
Published: February 2019

Skill learning is fundamental to the acquisition of many complex behaviors that emerge during development. For example, years of practice give rise to perceptual improvements that contribute to mature speech and language skills. While fully honed learning skills might be thought to offer an advantage during the juvenile period, the ability to learn actually continues to develop through childhood and adolescence, suggesting that the neural mechanisms that support skill learning are slow to mature. To address this issue, we asked whether the rate and magnitude of perceptual learning varies as a function of age as male and female gerbils trained on an auditory task. Adolescents displayed a slower rate of perceptual learning compared with their young and mature counterparts. We recorded auditory cortical neuron activity from a subset of adolescent and adult gerbils as they underwent perceptual training. While training enhanced the sensitivity of most adult units, the sensitivity of many adolescent units remained unchanged, or even declined across training days. Therefore, the average rate of cortical improvement was significantly slower in adolescents compared with adults. Both smaller differences between sound-evoked response magnitudes and greater trial-to-trial response fluctuations contributed to the poorer sensitivity of individual adolescent neurons. Together, these findings suggest that elevated sensory neural variability limits adolescent skill learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability to learn new skills emerges gradually as children age. This prolonged development, often lasting well into adolescence, suggests that children, teens, and adults may rely on distinct neural strategies to improve their sensory and motor capabilities. Here, we found that practice-based improvement on a sound detection task is slower in adolescent gerbils than in younger or older animals. Neural recordings made during training revealed that practice enhanced the sound sensitivity of adult cortical neurons, but had a weaker effect in adolescents. This latter finding was partially explained by the fact that adolescent neural responses were more variable than in adults. Our results suggest that one mechanistic basis of adult-like skill learning is a reduction in neural response variability.
Mitochondrial DNA Fitness Depends on Nuclear Genetic Background inDrosophila
Authors: Mossman Jim A , Ge Jennifer Y , Navarro Freddy , Rand David M
Published: February 2019

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been one of the most extensively studied molecules in ecological, evolutionary and clinical genetics. In its early application in evolutionary genetics, mtDNA was assumed to be a selectively neutral marker conferring negligible fitness consequences for its host. However, this dogma has been overturned in recent years due to now extensive evidence for non-neutral evolutionary dynamics. Since mtDNA proteins physically interact with nuclear proteins to provide the mitochondrial machinery for aerobic ATP production, among other cell functions, co-variation of the respective genes is predicted to affect organismal fitness. To test this hypothesis we used an mtDNA-nuclear DNA introgression model in Drosophila melanogaster to test the fitness of genotypes in perturbation-reperturbation population cages and in a non-competitive assay for female fecundity. Genotypes consisted of both conspecific and heterospecific mtDNA-nDNA constructs, with either D. melanogaster or D. simulans mtDNAs on two alternative D. melanogaster nuclear backgrounds, to investigate mitonuclear genetic interactions (G x G effects). We found considerable variation between nuclear genetic backgrounds on the selection of mtDNA haplotypes. In addition, there was variation in the selection on mtDNAs pre- and post- reperturbation, demonstrating overall poor repeatability of selection. There was a strong influence of nuclear background on non-competitive fecundity across all the mtDNA species types. In only one of the four cage types did we see a significant fecundity effect between genotypes that could help explain the respective change in genotype frequency over generational time. We discuss these results in the context of G x G interactions and the possible influence of stochastic environments on mtDNA-nDNA selection.
Mars and Venus in Action? The US and EU’s foreign relations strategies in academic discourse
Authors: Giedraityte Ieva
Published: February 2019

[full article and abstract in English] This article reviews the existing academic literature that compares and explains the differences between the US and the EU’s external actions. An analytical matrix is devised to group publications by level of analysis (micro-, mid-, and macro) and by theme of comparison criteria. The key findings are that in the macro level of analysis, authors tend to compare the role actors have in international relations before claiming either that the EU is a different kind of power due to its peculiar historical experience, or that the EU is weak due to its complicated structure and lack of military capacities. Furthermore, authors conducting their analyses at the micro level tend to find more similarities between the EU and the US’s external actions than those working at the macro level. The article concludes by making a point in favour of further comparisons as an essential tool to better understand the EU and other actors in international relations.
INFLUENCE OF NEW POLYPHENOL COMPOUND FROM EUPHORBIA PLANT ON MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION
Authors: G. Gayibov Ulugbek , J. Komilov Esohon , N. Rakhimov Rakhmatilla , A. Ergashev Nurali , G. Abdullajanova Nodira , I. Asrorov Muzaffar , F. Aripov Takhir
Published: February 2019

In this article we investigate influence of new polyphenol compound 1-О-galloyl-6-О-bisgalloyl-2,4-valenoyl-β-D-glucose, extracted from Euphorbia Himufuza (Wild.) plant, on functional parameters of mitochondria. It was shown that above mentioned new polyphenol compound has a positive effect to some functional parameters of mitochondria. For example, this compound inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, activates ATP-dependant potassium channel and has high antioxidant/antiradical activity. Improving of functional characteristics of mitochondria by polyphenol compounds, served as the basis for the hypothesis of a possible antihypoxic effect of 1-О-galloyl-6-О-bisgalloyl-2,4-valenoyl-β-D-glucose due to its low toxicity.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME ESSENTIAL OILS AFTER THEIR INDUSTRIAL LARGE-SCALE DISTILLATION
Authors: Salamon Ivan , Kryvtsova Maryna , Bucko Daniel , H. Tarawneh Amer
Published: February 2019

Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of several components that show a wide range of biological activities. The objective of the present work was to investigate the composition of the essential oils from industrial large-scale distillation, and evaluate their antimicrobial activity on typical and clinic isolates strains. The qualitative compositions of essential oils of several aromatic plants were determined by GC-FID after their industrial large-scale distillation (Calendula Co., Nova Lubovna, Slovakia). GC-FID analysis revealed that essential oils from large-scale show different qualitative and quantitative content in comparison with literature data. Eleven essential oils, namely, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Menta ×piperita L., Matricaria recutita L., Hyssopus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Pimpinella anisum L., Juniperus communis L., Abies alba L., Pinus silvestris L., and Coriandrum sativum L. were tested for their antimicrobial activities using disk diffusion method. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil shows the most potent antimicrobial activity. On other hand, the essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L., Mentha × piperita L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Coriandrum sativum L.. The essential oil show medium antimicrobial activity. There was no antimicrobial activity observed for Matricaria recutita L.
Bogotá D. C. durante 1998-2018. Análisis de caso del sistema de planificación urbana en Colombia
Authors: Arias Sánchez Marlon
Published: February 2019

La ciudad de Bogotá desde 1998, a través de los instrumentos de planificación urbana, ha ido construyendo representaciones y significados sobre su territorio. Sin embargo, al revisar su implementación por medio de los instrumentos de gestión del suelo se evidencian conflictos para llevarlos a cabo, develando pugnas políticas atravesadas por lo técnico en torno a la ciudad. Así las cosas, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la trayectoria de los instrumentos de gestión del suelo utilizados en la ciudad de Bogotá, durante el periodo 1998-2018, mediante un enfoque de políticas públicas con el fin de determinar los modelos de ciudad existentes en la práctica, a partir de la revisión documental y sistemática de los planes de gobierno y otros instrumentos de acción pública en torno a la gestión del suelo. Como se constata entre los principales resultados de la investigación, el caso de continuidad de un proyecto de ciudad formulado desde inicios del siglo xxi, cuyas intenciones de modificación por algunos gobiernos no han logrado transformaciones profundas más allá de una ruptura en valores, normas e imágenes sobre la ciudad, permite vislumbrar en Colombia un marco general de estabilidad en torno a un sistema de planificación urbana a través del conjunto de instrumentos de gestión del suelo dispuestos para los gobiernos en los territorios urbanos, el cual presenta en la práctica una serie de retos por cumplir.
Consolidación de una centralidad urbana espontánea. El caso de Ciudad Kennedy, Bogotá
Authors: Torres León Andrea Carolina
Published: February 2019

La actividad económica en la ciudad, propia de lo que se ha llamado centralidades, ha sido discusión desde el ordenamiento territorial en los campos de la economía urbana más que como hecho físico en un territorio determinado. La aparición y posterior desarrollo de la actividad central en un lugar en la ciudad está condicionado a una serie de variables territoriales que le permiten existir, incluso si dicha actividad no se ha planeado. La intención de abordar estos aspectos se presenta ante el desbordamiento de la actividad económica sobre los límites de las centralidades identificadas por el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) de Bogotá y la aparición de esta en zonas que no han sido pensadas con tales fines. El estudio de esta aparente incoherencia, ad portas de una modificación del vigente POT de Bogotá (Decreto Distrital 190 de 2004), corresponde al objetivo de este trabajo, en el que se busca identificar aspectos de tipo territorial que puedan ayudar a entender la situación actual y proponer el ordenamiento de la red de centralidades a partir de dicha comprensión. Mediante un ejercicio, principalmente cartográfico que incorporó variables económicas con observación en campo, se logró concluir que la actividad económica busca territorios, principalmente, sobre ejes viales con presencia de transporte público, en áreas consolidadas y con facilidades normativas de transformación predial, por encima de territorios dispuestos para operaciones como renovación urbana. La presencia de comercio y la valorización del suelo evidencian una presión sobre espacios bien localizados y visibles para la venta de bienes y servicios.
Renovación urbana y desterritorialización. Análisis del Plan Parcial Estación Central Bogotá
Authors: Palacios Roberto Pedro Enrique
Published: February 2019

El deterioro físico, económico y social del centro de las ciudades, consecuencia de la dinámica urbana y de la poca inversión, aunado a procesos invasivos de densificación que buscan configurar ciudades compactas y competitivas desde la globalización, encuentran en la Renovación Urbana (RU) una herramienta pertinente para su mitigación. La RU desplaza a los residentes habituales del lugar a intervenir ‘segregación urbana’, y a través de cambios en la norma de uso del suelo y cambios físicos en el paisaje urbano, sin importar que los residentes citados se mantengan o retornen al sitio después de intervenido. Mediante variables cuantitativas y cualitativas, se analizó si la segregación socioespacial y la desterritorialización son consecuencias de la RU, teniendo como referencia el Plan Parcial de Renovación Urbana Estación Central Bogotá (PPRUEC), el periodo de estudio comprende desde el 2008 (adquisición predial) hasta mediados de 2015 (implementación de las obras de Transmilenio e inicio de desarrollos inmobiliarios). La caracterización y análisis de variables como ocupación del suelo, densificación poblacional, tenencia de la tierra, valor del suelo, morfología urbana, complejidad urbana y cohesión social permitieron obtener indicadores de ocupación e intensidad en consumo del uso del suelo, gentrificación, líneas de fuga y de segregación socioespacial que posibilitaron evidenciar un incremento en la densidad poblacional y en el valor del suelo, además de una baja densidad de la vivienda y fraccionamiento social, configurando en dicho espacio una palpable segregación socioespacial y aportando importantes elementos que contribuyen a dar respuesta al problema de investigación del estudio.
Does firm innovation lead to high growth? Evidence from Ecuadorian firms
Authors: Ayala Valeria , Grijalva Diego F. , Ponce Paúl A. , Pontón Yelitza
Published: February 2019

We analyse the determinants of: i) employment and sales growth, and ii) the likelihood of becoming a high-growth firm (HGF) among Ecuadorian firms for the period 2011-2014. We apply a two-stage econometric model that controls for selection bias in the choice to innovate in regards to the two rounds of the Ecuadorian National Innovation Activities Survey. We find that younger firms and firms that spend more on R&D activities per employee have significantly higher levels of employment growth and are significantly more like to become employment HGFs.
A mathematical approach for assessing landslide vulnerability
Authors: Martinez-Carvajal Hernan Eduardo , De Moraes Guimaraes Silva Maria Tamara , Garcia-Aristizabal Edwin Fabian , Aristizabal-Giraldo Edier Vicente , Larios-Benavides Mayra Alejandra
Published: February 2019

A natural phenomenon (hazard) may be characterized in terms of temporal, spatial and magnitude probabilities. The effects of the interaction between the hazard and the exposed element depend on the intensity of the hazard and on the resistance, sometimes called susceptibility, of the element at risk, which describes the propensity of a building or other infrastructure to suffer damage from a specific hazard impact. Consequently, a modern concept of vulnerability must consider the intensity of the hazard as well as the structural resistance of the exposed infrastructure. This concept is referred to as physical vulnerability, and the most accepted definition is a representation of the expected degree of loss quantified on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 1 (total destruction). Thus, this work presents a mathematical model for landslide physical vulnerability assessment, here named the T-Model, based on the “Principle of Natural Proportionality” and calibrated with field observations of the massive rainfall-triggered landslide event that occurred in Nova Friburgo, Brazil in November of 2011. The model was also calibrated for a flow-type movement that is based on field observations of the failure of a tailing dam that affected the district of Bento Rodrigues, Brazil in November of 2015. The results showed a good agreement between predictions and the observed level of damages. Thus, it is possible to conclude that from a mathematical point of view, the model may be qualified as universal. It is recognized that a real universal objective model for vulnerability to landslides is not practical at present. More important than the model itself is the methodology that is presented here, which leads the user to take qualitative damage information from the field and develop it into a quantitative mathematical framework. Potential users of the T-Model must be cautious regarding the values of parameters that are presented in this paper. The T-Model is just a modest proposal that requires further calibration and deep expert criticisms.
Interfacial properties of morpholine-2,5-dione-based oligodepsipeptides and multiblock copolymers
Authors: Machatschek Rainhard , Schöne Anne-Christin , Raschdorf Elisa , Uilenburg Ramona B. J. , Schulz Burkhard , Lendlein Andreas
Published: February 2019

Oligodepsipeptides (ODPs) with alternating amide and ester bonds prepared by ring-opening polymerization of morpholine-2,5-dione derivatives are promising matrices for drug delivery systems and building blocks for multifunctional biomaterials. Here, we elucidate the behavior of three telechelic ODPs and one multiblock copolymer containing ODP blocks at the air-water interface. Surprisingly, whereas the oligomers and multiblock copolymers crystallize in bulk, no crystallization is observed at the air-water interface. Furthermore, polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy is used to elucidate hydrogen bonding and secondary structures in ODP monolayers. The results will direct the development of the next ODP-based biomaterial generation with tailored properties for highly sophisticated applications.
Contos de fadas e a formação de valores morais: projeção do bem e do mal na literatura infantil
Authors: Coelho de Aragão Amanda , Baleeiro de Assis Gabriela , Gonçalves Jéssica Mayara da Silva , D´Auria-Tardeli Denise
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal analisar e discorrer sobre a importância dos contos de fadas para a formação moral nas crianças por meio das projeções sobre o bem e o mal. Para a realização deste artigo foram estudados autores como, por exemplo, Bruno Bettelheim, Piaget, Coelho, entre outros, bem como analisados três contos de fadas e seus principais personagens, no que se refere ao perfil ético e mensagem moral das histórias: Rumpelstiltskin, Alice No País Das Maravilhas e Peter Pan e Wendy. Verificou-se na conclusão que as discussões teóricas foram satisfatórias para a compreensão da importância de se trabalhar com histórias desde a mais tenra infância. Esta pesquisa nos possibilitou confirmar nosso questionamento inicial e refletir sobre as hipóteses.
Aprender e ensinar no ensino médio: interfaces com a indisciplina escolar
Authors: Vieceli Danieli , Trevisol Maria Teresa Ceron
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a compreensão dos estudantes do ensino médio integrado de uma instituição federal de ensino a respeito do fenômeno da indisciplina no âmbito escolar. A pesquisa se caracteriza como de cunho exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, de caráter descritivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado e grupo focal, contando com nove alunos. Os dados coletados e analisados evidenciam que a indisciplina é vista pelos participantes como manifestação de desrespeito de maneira geral e exige uma intervenção da escola em relação a esse tipo de comportamento. Dentre as principais causas foram assinaladas a imaturidade e desinteresse do aluno. Verificou-se também a necessidade de regras na escola e a evolução do senso crítico, visando o desenvolvimento da autonomia dos estudantes.
A review on the prerequisites of Evidence-Based Curriculum as a driver to skills development of the leather value chain in Africa
Authors: Mwinyihija Prof. (Dr). Mwinyikione
Published: February 2019

The review study closely introspects’ on the prerequisites of evidence-based curriculum within the realms of specialized skills development agenda as pursued through higher education Institutions in Africa. Explicitly, the constraining factors that bedevil the leather sector are identifiable when appropriate research designs tools are applied. As such, in the process of identifying the constraints, renascence themes could, therefore, be beneficial in collecting evidence in support of developing curriculum. Such a developed curriculum stands higher chances of acceptability and aptly mitigates against challenges related to specialized skills development. The review succinctly indicates that in the process of identifying the themes, the scope of collecting evidence becomes attainable, thus, improving curricula that entails a participatory and transformative orientation. Indeed, during the review phase of the study, three main perspectives are depicted to be consequential in attaining a comprehensive, evidence-based curriculum, such as; action research, backward curriculum design perspective and theoretical perspective. Therefore, about this perspective, a reflection based on personal experiences and related to new knowledge with what they already know leads to constructivism. The relevancy of a constructivist strategy is observed to facilitate the observatory and evaluative stance during the development of evidence-based curriculum. Moreover, in consolidating and sustaining the benefit of such a developed curriculum, threshold concept was found during the review that it complements the process and strengthens the collecting evidence for curriculum development. Accordingly, therefore, the result of the review study indicate that Africa would position itself for initiating transformational changes in aspects of specialized higher education, fruition towards socio-economic benefits (e.g. employment, wealth creation and technology transfer), reversal of urban-rural or inter/intra continental migration flurry.
Media practices and the challenge of political asymmetries
Authors: Pleyers Geoffrey , Suzina Ana Cristina
Published: February 2019

In contemporary democracies, the establishment of a public space which is more open and accessible to disadvantaged groups, popular movements and communities is a major challenge. The media are both part of the problem and the solution. On the one hand, they strengthen or even produce divisions and the fragmentation of the public space. On the other, their use by social movements and civil society can establish connections between different social groups, include marginalized populations and regain the public nature of certain issues. Similarly, even if the use of digital resources overcomes obstacles that complicate participation in public debate, all the asymmetries do not disappear with the use of Internet, for instance.
¿Cómo contribuyen las redes sociales en el desarrollo de la subjetividad en sociedades autoritarias? El caso de #YoSoy132 en México
Authors: Montaño Emma Fabiola Navarro
Published: February 2019

This paper seeks to address how social media is shaping the traditional structures of power in some countries known to have an authoritarian government, such being the case of Mexico. Online conversations give users tremendous visibility.

We will enlist the characteristics of why Mexico is considered authoritarian. Then, with the example of #YoSoy132, we will argue how social media conversations are becoming a common practice that can strengthen citizenship. We will prove that these practices innovate information production and allow citizen surveillance, therefore they make users visible actors. Before social media, government control went hand in hand with opaque practices and collusion of mass media. We examine the conflict between authoritarian practices in Mexico and the logic of visibility, that we understand as a form of citizenship behavior emerging in amateur social media discourse that nourishes itself from the audiovisual world. Relying on a methodology based on a conceptual framework of social movements, we analyzed online conversations as empirical evidence of the social media movement. We find a civic symbolic imaginary that corresponds to the sociocultural moment of the first decade of 2000.
Redes de confianza online y flash mobs: movilizados por la educación
Authors: Ponce Lara Camila , Miranda Natalia
Published: February 2019

The largest Chilean student movement after the return of democracy emerged during 2011, with structural demands about the educational system, such as an end to profit in education, and free education of quality. A key element of the reach of the students was the intensive use of online platforms as a means of organization, dissemination, and debate. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analize the “online trust networks” Tilly’s concept penetrated by procedures of the online society and the use of the internet, focusing on a particular form of collective action, that of flash mobs. The methodology used is qualitative analysis, using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with the leaders and organizers of the flash mobs, as well as leaders of the student movement in general. As a result of this exploratory research, ῝online trust networks῞ configured from online platforms that make it possible to link unknown individuals together around a common goal are observed. These specific ῝online trust networks῞ of the flash mobs arise quickly, with strong ties for their execution but weak in their permanence and dissolution.
La red como cronotopo: Internet y prácticas políticas en el Movimiento Estudiantil Colombiano Mane y Occupy São Paulo
Authors: Galindo Ramírez Liliana
Published: February 2019

This paper compares two movements that emerged during the same 2011 period: the Mane in Colombia and Ocupa Sampa in Brazil. The first is a student movement that has similarities with the cases of Spain and Chile. The second is an urban movement that mixes local factors with many of the symbolic elements of the Occupy movement. The study focuses on the political uses of the internet, analysing battles for visibility in the streets and on the net. The concept of the network as chronotope is used to understand the hybrid forms that integrate online and offline spatio-temporalities. Comparing activity graphs based on the Facebook sites of both movements, a multicentered and a multitemporal social reality emerges: a mixture between several centres and peripheries and between several past-present-future moments that creates a new interpretive framework for the contemporary movements that use digital platforms as Facebook. The network as chronotope is a way to question the current socio-political processes of continuity and change.
Violence expressive, e-participation et mouvements sociaux: le caractère identitaire des revendications politiques
Authors: Paton Nathalie
Published: February 2019

While expressive violence as a disruptive event is an instrument used in social movements, the changing media landscape has renewed the methods linked to this form of action and the investigation possibilities of its sociological origins. This double evolution is grasped here: the article observes how participatory media co-determine political messages when expressive violence serves as a vector for social movements and then considers the sociological roots from which this form of action stemmed and developed. The phenomenon of school shootings serves as a case study. A three-year ethnographic study of the e-participations published by authors of expressive violence and their public on YouTube serves to show how participatory media renew forms of adherence and social protest. It also unveils the reasons for this type of action. The author demonstrates how these media usages are exploited as a means of individuation, this use prevailing over their political dimensions. The expressive violence is actually used by some social movements not to promote ideals or political aspirations but rather to glorify individuality, sometimes posthumously, and to send a message of vengeance, demanding recognition as an individual from an imaginary enemy.
Espacio público, desacuerdos y desigualdades: la expresión pública de los activistas en internet
Authors: Flores Márquez Dorismilda
Published: February 2019

This article reports some findings of a study about the online public expression by activists in a local context. The objective of this paper is to explore some challenges of online communication practices to the concept of public space. There are a short description of media and ICT’s context in different levels: global, Latin American, national, and local. The theoretical framework in communication, from a sociocultural perspective, dialogues with sociology of social movements and political philosophy. The methodological approach was ethnography, with two activist groups in Aguascalientes, Mexico, in three spaces of communication: internet, the streets, and the media. The data collection methods included virtual ethnography, semi-structured interviews, participative observation, and media monitoring. In this text, I present three main findings: 1) visibility of online public expression by activists has different logics, it is related with specific social situations and with the logics of the activist communities; 2) communication could be understood as a space of differences, activists have their very own worldviews and those are generally opposed to the dominant worldviews; 3) communication could be understood too as a space of inequalities, activist access to public expression in conditions of inequalities and asymmetries. These findings contribute to the discussion about public space in the global age.
Cobertura Noticiosa, Assessoria Mediática e Assuntos Públicos: o caso das “Escutas de Belém”
Authors: Sebastião Sonia Pedro , Valença Manuel , Dias Vanessa Vieira
Published: February 2019

Este artigo aborda a problemática dos assuntos públicos e sua cobertura noticiosa, assim como, questões legais e deontológicas associadas ao trabalho dos jornalistas. Tendo como objetivo evidenciar a discrepância entre a prática jornalística e as exigências éticas da função, analisamos o caso “Escutas de Belém” recorrendo à sua descrição cronológica, assim como, à análise de notícias de imprensa sobre o tema tendo em conta sete unidades: as chamadas de capa, local de inserção, dimensão da inserção, seção de inserção, fontes noticiosas, género jornalístico e caráter da peça.

Concluímos com a classificação do caso como um “não-caso” tendo em conta as suas consequências e cobertura jornalística caraterizada negativamente face à predominância de peças de opinião e editoriais.
Distribución de contenidos en movilidad. El caso de los operadores generalistas españoles.
Authors: García Torre Manuel , Videla Rodríguez José Juan , Formoso Barro María Josefa
Published: February 2019

La revolución tecnológica ha facilitado que la distribución de contenidos audiovisuales se realice más allá de los soportes tradicionales como el televisor y se extienda a los dispositivos móviles (teléfonos, tabletas, etc.).

Las cadenas de televisión distribuyen los contenidos en todas las plataformas posibles y ven en los dispositivos móviles, una vía para el consumo multiplataforma de sus contenidos. El espectador pasa a ser un usuario que puede generar contenido o multiplicar la incidencia del mismo.

Esta investigación se centra en el análisis de los contenidos que distribuyen en tabletas, los operadores de televisión generalista en España (TVE, Mediaset y Atresmedia) así como el estudio de la interactividad que mantienen en estos dispositivos.

Para realizar el análisis se ha utilizado una plantilla original diseñada por los autores para identificar cada uno de los elementos que interfieren en la interactividad de las aplicaciones investigadas y, también, se ha elaborado un análisis exhaustivo de la oferta de contenidos que se propone en cada uno de las aplicaciones IOS y ANDROID analizadas: Rtve.es | Tableta, +tve, Atresmedia conecta, Atresplayer, Mitele y Mio TV.
El perfil de los usuarios de Twitter más influyentes en Ecuador y la influencia del mensaje en la captación de seguidores
Authors: Barredo Daniel , Arcila Calderón Carlos , Barbosa Eduar
Published: February 2019

La generalización de Internet como espacio público contemporáneo está determinando el auge de unas prácticas novedosas de participación social, las cuales cuestionan el paradigma asentado durante la llamada Sociedad de la Información. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el perfil de los usuarios más seguidos en Ecuador y examinar si el tono del mensaje y la frecuencia de uso determina la ganancia o pérdida de seguidores. Para ello se analizaron los perfiles de las 100 cuentas con más seguidores en 2014 y se repitió la medición en 2015. Los resultados revelan que estos usuarios responden a un perfil localizado y público. Asimismo, los datos no aportan evidencias concluyentes de la influencia de las características del mensaje sobre la captación de seguidores, lo que demuestra la creación de dinámicas propias de Twitter con respecto a otros países de la misma región.
PERCEPCIÓN DE CAMPAÑAS DESTINADAS A CREAR IMAGEN CULTURAL DE MARCA
Authors: Sanjuán Pérez Antonio , Videla Rodríguez José Juan , Martínez Costa Sandra
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objeto de estudio la percepción que el espectador tiene de las campañas publicitarias centradas en el refuerzo de la identidad cultural alrededor de una marca. El objetivo es, en primer término, analizar el proceso de construcción de la imagen cultural asociada a un anunciante y, en segundo lugar, comprobar cómo esa campaña afecta a la percepción del cliente. Para conseguir los objetivos se propone una investigación experimental cualitativa realizada con eyetracking y cuestionarios cerrados y abiertos a los usuarios participantes. Se analizarán para el estudio dos campañas publicitarias, las de Abanca y Gas Natural Fenosa. Ambas tienen una estrategia publicitaria muy similar: asocian la marca a Galicia y utilizan a sus trabajadores como protagonistas. Sin embargo, también presentan diferencias que afectan a la percepción de la identidad cultural por parte del espectador.
Comunicación corporativa-RSC-Divulgación científica. Propuesta de “triángulo virtuoso” para las empresas biotecnológicas
Authors: García-Hernández María Luisa , Martínez-Rodrigo Estrella , Victoria Mas Juan Salvador
Published: February 2019

Este artículo presenta la viabilidad de articular la comunicación corporativa de las empresas biotecnológicas en torno a un ejercicio básico: nutrir su Responsabilidad Social Corporativa con actuaciones de divulgación científica. Tales intervenciones contribuirían, no solo a mejorar el conocimiento científico de la sociedad y a que sus opiniones sobre los ámbitos de aplicación de la biotecnología estén fundados, sino también, a dialogar sobre estos y otros asuntos con la ciudadanía, en especial la más cercana. Pero tal implementación precisaría, en primer lugar, que la empresa perciba a sus vecinos como público de interés. De ahí que esta investigación parta del análisis de la comunicación externa de este tipo de empresas. Nuestra muestra la constituyen las 32 pymes biotecnológicas asentadas en cuatro parques tecnológicos de Andalucía. Los resultados de ese trabajo muestran que la divulgación científica tiene una presencia casi nula en sus sitios web y apenas se alude en ellos a alguna actuación de RSC; además, su aparición en los periódicos locales es escasa y se liga a aspectos estrictamente empresariales. Sin embargo, una encuesta a la que han contestado los gestores de esas firmas nos descubre que una amplia mayoría están dispuestos a aumentar los vínculos con su entorno.
Prensa y democratización en México. Tres miradas: Excélsior, La Jornada y Reforma
Authors: Santillán José Ramón
Published: February 2019

El artículo analiza el tratamiento que la prensa de referencia mexicana realizó del debate publico de la demanda de democracia durante las elecciones presidenciales de 1988, 1994 y 2000. El trabajo aborda el establecimiento y descripción de la tematización periodística de dicho asunto, en un contexto de cambios donde la victoria del candidato de oposición Vicente Fox, significó la alternancia política en el año 2000. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis de contenido a 586 artículos de opinion para determinar el papel que estos diarios tuvieron en la democratización del país.

Palabras clave: México, elecciones, democracia, cambio político, tematización periodística.
Broadcast television flow scheduling and the viewers’ zapping: conflicting practices
Authors: Cintra Torres Eduardo
Published: February 2019

Broadcast television and its audiences live a paradoxical situation: on the one hand, channels still schedule according to the concept of flow; on the other hand, viewers’ zapping counters it. This paper wishes to ascertain the audiences’ practices regarding their fidelity to flow. The research tries to answer these questions: how many viewers watch the same channel during a long consecutive period? How many viewers watch a complete programme? Are there significant differences in zapping versus flow faithfulness according to sex, age, socio-demographic class and cable TV access? Is “companionship television” still a viewers’ consume practice? The research verifies the effectiveness of flow scheduling, which, while being an ideology and a scheduling and self-promotion practice, is not a practice of most viewers. The results show that flow faithfulness flow is a minority behaviour mainly of older people, women, lower classes and viewers without occupation.
The Influence of Media Type on the Third Person Effect
Authors: Guerrero-Solé Frederic
Published: February 2019

Although in the last three decades many works have been devoted to the study of Davison’s (1983) Third-Person Effect (TPE) for a great variety of media contents, as far as we know none of them has explored the presumed impact of media type on the magnitude of the effect. The objective of this study is to compare the magnitude of the TPE for news, advertising, violence and pornography on TV and the Internet, and its behavioral consequences for controversial contents. The study shows that media type has an impact on the TPE for news, advertising and pornography, but not for violent content. On the contrary, it shows that there is not a clear relationship between media type and people’s willingness to support the limitation of controversial contents, such as violence and pornography.
O Programa “Mais Médicos” na Mídia Brasileira: estado da arte
Authors: Gallas Nanda Isele , Almeida Jullien Dábini Lacerda de , Faria Mateus Aparecido de , De Paula Douglas Marcos Pereira , Mello Vania Roseli Correa , Rocha Cristianne Maria Famer
Published: February 2019

O Programa Mais Médicos foi instituído, no Brasil, em 2013. Desde então, tem recebido especial atenção da mídia em decorrência de suas inovações no campo da atenção à saúde, mas também pelo fato de incluir médicos provenientes de outros países para atuarem aqui. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender o estado da arte do conhecimento produzido academicamente sobre a relação da mídia com o Programa Mais Médicos. Utiliza a revisão narrativa como metodologia e se divide em duas partes: a primeira, de caráter histórico e, a segunda, reservada a indicar as análises acadêmicas sobre a produção midiática relativa ao Programa. Identifica um volume ainda modesto de pesquisas sobre este tema e que os resultados conhecidos se referem prioritariamente ao período de anúncio, lançamento e início da execução do Programa. Conclui que as pesquisas realizadas já permitem indicar ao menos três elementos importantes que caracterizam a cobertura da imprensa brasileira acerca do Mais Médicos: o viés político, a polarização das opiniões inicialmente veiculadas e o princípio do que se pode considerar uma mudança de enfoque, a partir do momento em que pesquisas de opinião revelam a aprovação popular do programa.
El mercado televisivo español del siglo XXI: concentración y precariedad
Authors: Santamaría José Vicente García , Barranquero Carretero Alejandro , Cedillo Gloria Rosique
Published: February 2019

El objeto de este artículo es examinar la situación actual del mercado televisivo español a la luz de las mutaciones acaecidas desde la segunda década del siglo XXI. Al profundo declive de la televisión pública (RTVE) se ha unido también la falta de viabilidad de los canales autonómicos y de muchos canales de TDT, así como de un proceso concentrador de los canales privados de mayor audiencia. Pero además, hemos podido observar como los grandes operadores de telecomunicaciones pasaban a desarrollar labores más propias de una “TV company”, y como también irrumoían en España empresas de VoD, como Netflix, HBO y Amazon Prime Video, que están compitiendo en el mercado de los contenidos de pago.

El enfoque teórico se sitúa en la economía industrial, que permite adoptar una perspectiva microeconómica a la hora de interpretar el funcionamiento del mercado y la economía de sus contenidos.
Use Of Social Networking Sites And Instant Messaging Applications For University-Related Work And Studying
Authors: Fondevila-Gascón Joan-Francesc , Mir-Bernal Pedro , L.-Crespo Javier , Carreras-Alcalde Marta , Feliu-Roé Lluís
Published: February 2019

Social Networking Sites (SNS) and Instant Messaging (IM) applications have become very popular in the last decade. This article aims to investigate to what extent university students make use of SNS and IM in relation with learning and university-related work. In order to do so, a survey was conducted among 115 university students. Results show that answering surveys posted by other students (for their university work), being part of groups created for doing university work or studying and sharing university-related links are some of the education-related activities that students most perform on Facebook. Alongside Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube and LinkedIn are the most popular SNS or IM applications when it comes to studying, doing and organizing university-related work. Some differences among male and female students can be inferred from the data though, although it was not the aim of this study to explore such differences and further research would be needed. The paper concludes that university students make good and ample use of SNS and IM applications for education-related purposes and a recommendation for lecturers to adopt these tools is made.
Changing civil society in Spain through transparency and civic technologies
Authors: Magallón-Rosa Raúl , Bolaños-Huertas Victoria , Anderica-Caffarena Victoria
Published: February 2019

This paper addresses the role of open data in the development of civic technologies in Spain. We have analysed organisations that are using technology as a tool to improve transparency, democracy and citizen participation in public matters. During this research we run through the evolution of the use of technologies by civil society in Spain, we define the concept of civic technologies and propose a set of typologies, paying special attention to the source of data, with the final aim of knowing how often public open data has been used. We conclude by highlighting the need to increase the communication between public and private institutions and the organisations that use data in favour of providing useful information and making easier the development of civic technologies.
Twitter: de espaço de mobilização a espaço de comentário. O caso do meet do Vasco da Gama
Authors: Rebelo Catarina , Pereira Inês , Rosa Hugo , Batista Fernando , Carvalho João P.
Published: February 2019

Este artigo interdisciplinar tem por objetivo analisar o papel do Twitter no meet do centro comercial Vasco da Gama de 20 de agosto de 2014, o qual se tornou particularmente mediático, trazendo para a opinião pública o debate sobre este tipo de eventos. Para tal, começamos por refletir sobre a multiplicidade dos usos do Twitter, pela sua utilização pela população mais jovem e também sobre o fenómeno dos meets e a sua finalidade. Em seguida analisamos o conteúdo de 1976 tweets publicados entre os dias 14 e 24 de agosto, que foram filtrados de forma automática recorrendo a um método de classificação designado por Fuzzy Fingerprints (Impressões Digitais Difusas) com base em hashtags e palavras-chave relevantes sobre o tema.

Esta análise empírica mostra-nos, por um lado, o Twitter como plataforma de mobilização e comentário, potencializadora de interações online/offline e que é utilizada pelos jovens como fonte de distinção social. Por outro lado, os tweets partilhados em torno do meet ilustram de modo expressivo os processos culturais, linguísticos e sociais que estão por detrás deste fenómeno.
Democratizing scientific vulgarization. The balance between cooperation and conflict in french Wikipedia
Authors: Auray Nicolas , Poudat Céline , Pons Pascal
Published: February 2019

The free online encyclopedia project Wikipedia has become in less than six years one of the most prominent commons-based peer production example. The present study investigates the patterns of involvement and the patterns of cooperation within the French version of the encyclopaedia. In that respect, we consider different groups of users, highlighting the opposition between passerby contributors and core members, and we attempt to evaluate for each class of contributors the main motivations for their participation to the project. Then, we study the qualitative and quantitative patterns of cowriting and the correlation between size and quality of the production process.