bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of spermine and putrescine polyamines on capsaicin accumulation in Capsicum annuum L. cell suspension cultures
Authors: KOÇ Esra , İŞLEK Cemil , KARAYİĞİT Belgizar
Published: June 2020

This study examined the effects of different concentrations of spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) elicitors on capsaicin production at different times in cell suspension culture of peper (Capsicum annuum L‘Kahramanmaraş Hat-187’.), raised from pepper seeds. Callus was obtained from hypocotyl explants of pepper seedlings germinated in vitro conditions, and cell suspensions were prepared from calluses. Spm (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg l-1) and Put (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg l-1) elicitors were applied on cell suspensions, and control groups free from elicitor treatment were created. The amount of capsaicin in cells was found to be higher in the control groups and samples treated with Spm elicitors when compared to filtrates. The highest increase in the capsaicin amount in cells was determined on day 12 of elicitation with 0.2 mg l-1 Spm application. The highest capsaicin amount passing into the filtrate was determined as 0.1 mg l-1 Spm on day 8. The most effective Put concentration and time on capsaicin amount were found as 0.2 mg l-1 Put on day 12 in both cells and filtrates. The highest total capsaicin was also determined in the 0.2 mg l-1 Spm application on day 12with 312.747 ± 8.70 µg  g-1 of culture. Exogenous treatment of Spm and Put elicitors affected capsaicin accumulation.
Intensification of the drying process of small seed oilseeds using microwave electromagnetic radiation
Authors: GANEEV Ildar , KARIMOV Khasan , FAYZRAKHMANOV Shamil , MASALIMOV Ilgam , PERMYAKOV Valeri
Published: June 2020

One of the important and crucial stages of post-harvest treatment of rapeseed is drying. The purpose of the article is to improve the drying process of seeds of small seed oil crops using electromagnetic radiation of the microwave range in order to increase its productivity and determine the optimal operating parameters. The article describes the construction of a new microwave (UHF) dryer with a capacity of 200 kg h-1 for drying small-seeded crops. Curves were obtained that show the dependence of the heating temperature of seeds on microwave power, the effect of initial seed moisture and heating temperature on drying kinetics. The ratio of the stages of microwave heating and cooling was determined, which allows to increase the drying efficiency.
Introduction to theme Money
Authors: Wistisen Lydia
Published: June 2020

Introduction
Identification of Novel TTN Mutations in Three Chinese Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy Pedigrees by Whole Exome Sequencing
Authors: Peng Ying , Miao Jinxin , Zhai Yafei , Fang Guangming , Wang Chuchu , Wang Yaohe , Zhao Xiaoyan , Dong Jianzeng
Published: June 2020

Familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with numerous genes, especially those of the sarcomere family. The titin gene (TTN) consists of 365 exons and encodes the largest sarcomere protein (titin) in our bodies. Titin is associated with many diseases, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and DCM. Here we screened three Chinese families affected by DCM, and found that each harbors a stop-gain or splice site mutation in TTN (c.G20137T,c. G52522T,c.44610-2A>C). Assessment of the probands by electrocardiogram, B-mode echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed impaired cardiac function, arrhythmia, or abnormal cardiac structure. In conclusion, using whole exome sequencing, we found three unreported TTN mutations associated with DCM. This has expanded the TTN mutation spectrum of Chinese DCM patients, especially in Henan, the most populous province. These data provide new genetic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of DCM, and will increase our understanding of the relationship between TTN mutation and DCM clinical symptoms.
Estradiol Increases Microglial Response to Lipopolysaccharide in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus during the Peripubertal Sensitive Period in Female Mice
Authors: Velez-Perez Amarylis , Holder Mary K. , Fountain Sam , Blaustein Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2020

Sensitive periods are times of development during which the effects of experience are unusually strong and long lasting. The peripubertal period has emerged as one such sensitive period, and a single administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during this time reduces hormone-induced sexual behavior in adult female mice. During periods of high synaptic turnover, maturation, and elimination, as occurs during this sensitive period, microglia are particularly active. Estradiol also regulates microglial numbers, morphology, and activation. In addition, a good deal of evidence suggests that estradiol may confer this vulnerability to the effects of a stressor during the peripubertal period. Therefore, we investigated the effects of estradiol on microglial morphology, cytokine levels, and the sickness response to LPS. Estradiol levels were manipulated by implanting an estradiol-filled SILASTIC capsule (or oil-filled control) in ovariectomized mice or by administering the aromatase inhibitor, formestane (or oil control), to ovary-intact mice. We found that (1) estradiol elevates basal microglial Iba1 immunoreactivity in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), (2) LPS induces higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the presence of estradiol, and (3) LPS causes hypothermia in the presence of estradiol. Taken together, these data suggest that estradiol enhances the effect of LPS during the pubertal sensitive period.
Pattern of alcohol consumption among motorcycle taxi drivers
Authors: Silva Jhones Moreira da , Silva Renan Alves , Castelo Branco Fernanda Matos Fernandes
Published: June 2020

Objective: to identify the factors associated with the pattern of alcohol consumption among motorcycle taxi drivers. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out with 68 motorcycle taxi professionals. A socio-demographic questionnaire, work-related aspects, traffic accidents and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification were used, for the pattern of alcohol use. The Chi-square and Fisher’s exact association tests were used for data analysis and logistic regression. Results: it was found that 48.5% consumed alcoholic beverages, 75.0% had low risk consumption, 16.2% risk, 7.4% harmful use and 1.5% possible dependence. The variables that obtained significance were naturalness, use of alcoholic beverages and quantity of drinks drunk in the day. Conclusion: there was a trend between naturalness and risky consumption. In addition, using alcoholic beverages monthly and the amount of doses greater than five doses, on the same day, increased 20 times and 10.0% more the chance of triggering problematic alcohol consumption.
Constructive Learning Model In Sub Material Music Culture Learning In Madrasah Tsanawiyah 1 Semarang
Authors: Samudera Arief , Wadiyo Wadiyo , Rachman Abdul
Published: June 2020

Based on data analysis can be concluded that the implementation of learning the art of music in class VII A MTs Negeri 1 Semarang using the approach of constructivism run organized, this is evidenced by learning already using model arrests have three stages are (a) presentation of advance organizer, educator provides an overview of the terms of supporting about music (b) the presentation of the material or the learning task, create discussion among students and evaluated by educators and (c) strengthen the cognitive organization, frequently asked questions and a deepening of the material. Learning implemented within 2x45 minutes with the distribution phase advance organizer presentation lasted 15 minutes, the stage presentation of the material or the learning task carried out within 60 minutes, and the stage of cognitive organization strengthen lasted 15 minutes. Suggestions can author to convey, among others: (1) educators should be able to take advantage of instructional media such as musical instruments and projectors which is owned schools maximally.
Perstude Lahap: An Alternative Of Violin Effective Learning
Authors: Rupiyono Leo Agung
Published: June 2020

This article is to describe a research result of violin lesson conduct in Music Art Study Program, Faculty of Language and Arts, UKSW, Salatiga. The research problems are 1) obstructions in learning violin instrument, and 2) finding the right method for the violin learners. It is a Research and Development study aiming to find the effectiveness of the violin learning method named “Perstude Lahap”. The name stands for Persiapan (preparation or warming up), Etude (practicing), Lagu (song or repertoar), and Menghapal (memorizing). The research shows that it is able to make lesson successful under the requirements that the learners are fast learners or have good intelligence, strongly motivated, persistent, and incorporating right playing method. Perstude Lahap method is one of the effective alternatives for learners as it provides well-structured practice and stimulates learners to optimally develop both their cognitive and motoric skill.
COURTYARD OF THE HOUSING AREA IN THE EYES OF THREE GENERATIONS OF ITS INHABITANTS
Authors: Tkhorzhevska Tetiana , Vynohradova Kateryna
Published: June 2020

This article examines changeability/non-changeability of the notions of the common communicative area at the example of one courtyard in the housing area of Odesa. Since "present city life includes numerous and various cultural features, styles of life and forms of owning of city space" (Holston, Appadurai, 1996), and anthropology gives a possibility to explore how exactly "global processes reflect on the particular person's life and the whole communities on the macrolevel" (Prato, Pardo, 2013), it seemed possible for us to choose as an exploration object one "courtyard", meaning the space in between of multi-story houses.

 

XX century's second half known as the time of global urbanization, as a result of which at the beginning of the XXI century most of humanity turns out in the cities. Soviet modernization, including urbanization, was a part of those processes. USSR's dissipation and Ukraine's formation led to the change of many of every day's practics. All those processes influenced human societies and various local communities. We tried to find out how courtyard's inhabitants under all those complex processes changed their view on the notion of common space. Chronologically this research covers the period since first settlers in the new houses (1979–1980 yy.) until today (the research was set in the spring of 2018 y.).

Were used methods of profound themed interview and mental mapping, with the help of which are explored views of three age groups of surrounding houses at common space between them. That way lets to embrace inhabitant's understanding of the courtyard as the common space for the examined period.

The main research strategy is started by structuralists method of binary oppositions. For the analysis of changeability/non-changeability of the notions about the courtyard's common space were used binary oppositions collective/individual, activity/indifference, owned/foreign.

Noticed by us tendencies of development of the notions about the courtyard's common space directed from collectiveness to individualism, from activity to indifference, from commonality and "our" space to the obscurity of foreign and incomprehension of owning the space."
Identification of Housing Crisis in a Confined Settlement: A study of Mohammadpur Geneva Camp
Authors: Rashid Masud Ur
Published: June 2020

Urdu speaking people living in Geneva camp of Dhaka have become a marginally displaced community since 1971. Geneva camp is overcrowded as they have no chance of living outside of the camps because of their statelessness. The camp is a densely-populated settlement and have its own natural physical growth in terms of social and economic transformation day by day. This brings a lot of physical, socio-cultural and economic problems.  Geneva camp is a compact and confined living place for its inhabitants. For many of them it is also income generating place and thus source of their livelihood. It is important to identify the problems of this settlement to take further necessary actions to mitigate those. This study illustrates the housing problems in different domains in the Geneva camp with their attributes. Lack of spaces and other facilities in a low-income settlement have their impact on the way of overall livelihood of the inhabitants. The physical characteristics and other major factors that affect the physical environment of settlement are discussed in this paper.
Colonialidade alimentar? Alguns apontamentos para reflexão
Authors: Cosmos Benvegnú Vinícius , Manrique García Diana
Published: June 2020

Alimentar-se é um exercício cotidiano que além da ingestão/incorporação de alimentos ao corpo, desvela a ação humana em sociedade, conectando-se às identidades e às diferenças, a questões de gênero, às práticas sociais e à própria nutrição. Contudo, alimentar-se tem ficado cada vez mais apartado dessa associação, evidenciado pela observação de que determinados alimentos começam a dançar no mercado global alimentar e passam a ocupar um lugar de privilégio. Esse movimento faz parte de um trajeto que visa à homogeneização e estandardização, não somente dos alimentos, mas no limite dos corpos produzidos por essa alimentação. De outra parte muitas comidas “ancestrais” e/ou tradicionais e seus legados de práticas alimentares são extraídos de suas realidades locais ficando longe de sua matriz referencial. Neste trabalho nos questionamos de por que apenas um reduzido número de alimentos (soja, milho e trigo, leite e carnes) são eleitos como a base da dieta humana. Como chegamos a este estágio alimentar? E, é possível falar em termos de uma “colonialidade alimentar” (Herrera Miller, 2016). Iniciamos argumentando que o desenvolvimento e seus dispositivos (o agronegócio, os transgênicos etc.) são empreendimentos que compõe a modernidade/colonialidade da racionalidade ocidental. Um segundo passo é avaliar se conjunto de práticas e conhecimentos envolvidos no agronegócio e a produção de alimentos oriunda das commodities apontam para uma “colonialidade alimentar”. O trabalho será embasado em dados da bibliografia e de alguns dados empíricos decorrentes da pesquisa para tese de doutorado de uma das autoras na Amazônia da Bolívia, onde pode-se observar como neste cenário emergem práticas de re-existências que ficam nas margens do sistema moderno.
Indigenizing International Law and Decolonizing the Anthropocene: Genocide by Ecological Means and Indigenous Nationhood in Contemporary Colombia
Authors: Bacca Paulo Ilich
Published: June 2020

This article displays the idea of indigenizing international law by recognizing indigenous law as law. Transforming international law becomes possible by directing indigenous jurisprudences to it —I call this process inverse legal anthropology—. Based on inverse legal anthropology, i present a case study on the ongoing genocide of Colombian indigenous peoples in the age of the global ecology of the Anthropocene. I also explain the political consequences of valuing indigenous cosmologies regarding their territories. While mainstream representations of indigenous territories include the topographic and biologic dimensions of the earth’s surface, they forget the pluriverse of organic and inorganic beings that make and negotiate their social living together with indigenous peoples, and their ecological and spiritual relationships.
Palabras para vivir en comunidad: el origen de hî:biyu. Un relato de Libardo Mukutuy
Authors: Venegas Camila , Cárdenas Carrillo Christian Andrés
Published: June 2020

En 2018 escuchamos de labios de Libardo Mukutuy, mayor de la etnia fééneminaa, más conocida como muinane, el relato del origen de hî:biyu, una especie de gavilán. La narración abre con la situación de conflicto en la que vivía una pareja que no permitió el entendimiento mutuo e inició una guerra entre parientes y vecinos. Los ancianos de este grupo étnico aconsejan mediante historias de animales como esta, para que la gente verdadera no actúe como ellos y aprenda de lo que a ellos les pasó. En este caso, la narración se orienta al mantenimiento de relaciones de convivencia entre parientes y vecinos para una vida comunitaria sana en la que la paz prime como valor deseable.
A combinatorial problem that arose in integer B3 Sets
Authors: Erazo Irene , López John , Trujillo Carlos
Published: June 2020

Let A = {a1, a2, …, ak} be a set of positive integers with k ≥ 3,such that a1 ≤ a2 ≤ a3 … ak = N. Our problem is to investigate thenumber of triplets (ar, as, at) ∈ A3 with ar < as < at, satisfyingar + as - at < 0 y -ar + as + at > N.In this paper we give an upper bound for the maximum number of such a triplets in an arbitrary set of integers with k elements. We also find the number of triplets satisfying () for some families of sets in order to determine lower bounds for the maximum number of such a triplets that a set with k elements can have.
On a family of groups generated by parabolic matrices
Authors: Pommerenke Christian , Toro Margarita
Published: June 2020

We study various aspects of the family of groups generated by the parabolic matrices A(t1 ζ), ... , A(tm ζ) where A(z) = ( 1 z0 1 ) and by the elliptic matrix ( 0 -1  1 0 ). The elements of the matrices W in such groups can be computed by a recursion formula. These groups are special cases of the generalized parametrized modular groups introduced in [16].We study the sets {z : tr W(z) ∈ [-2; +2]} [13] and their critical points and geometry, furthermore some finite index subgroups and the discretness of subgroups.
Efectos de dos protocolos de entrenamiento sobre el lactato sanguíneo en caballos de paso fino
Authors: Arias M. P. , Maya J. S. , Arango L.
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Comparar los efectos de un protocolo de entrenamiento de resistencia (ER) con un protocolo tradicional (ET) sobre la concentración sanguínea de lactato y CK. Materiales y Métodos: Se aplicaron dos protocolos de entrenamiento durante 6 meses divididos en tres etapas. Se realizaron pruebas de esfuerzo antes de comenzar los protocolos de entrenamiento y al finalizar cada una de las etapas. En cada prueba se tomaron muestras de sangre venosa en reposo, durante el ejercicio y en recuperación para medir el lactato (L), y al inicio y al final para medir la creatin kinasa (CK) e inferir las adaptaciones metabólicas y musculares. Se calculó la diferencia de medianas del lactato basal por medio de la U Mann Whitney y se comparó la diferencia de medias del porcentaje de aclaramiento entre los grupos a través de la T de Students. Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia significativa en el porcentaje de depuración de lactato entre ER y ET. También hubo un aumento significativo de los valores de CK intra-grupos, antes y después de las pruebas, pero manteniéndose dentro de los rangos de referencia. Discusión: El ER aumentó la capacidad de metabolizar el lactato pos-ejercicio en potros con entrenamiento de resistencia, aunque no hubo diferencias entre la máxima producción de L entre el grupo ER y ET. El comportamiento de la CK dentro de los rangos de referencia indica que no hubo daño muscular en los potros de ambos grupos.
The curse of being serpentiform: Perceptions of snakelike animals in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Lima-Santos Jade , Costa Henrique C. , Molina Flavio de Barros
Published: June 2020

A serpentiform body is a morphological adaptation present in different groups of animals.  This body form is often associated with snakes, which can result in the indiscriminate killing of animals with this form. Despite their great socioeconomic and ecological importance, snakes are commonly associated with feelings of aversion, fear, and disgust. Such feelings prevent conservation measures from being followed. The present work was conducted in the M'Boi Mirim Park, in São Paulo (Brazil) to register the popular knowledge and to discuss people’s feelings and attitudes towards snakes and other elongated legless animals. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 70 participants. The largest percentage of the interviewees identified snakes by the forked tongue and the cylindrical body shape, fast perceiving characteristics to human eyes. In an encounter with a serpentiform animal that may be a venomous snake, this behavior will make sense as it is better to deal with a false positive than with a false negative. However, this result demonstrated a lack of adequate knowledge about morphological characteristics seen exclusively in snakes. Many interviewees are afraid of snakes, which, along with misidentification, can cause disastrous encounters and can lead to indiscriminate killing of snakes and other snake-like animals. To reinforce this negative situation, it was detected that even in a large city, legends and myths about snakes and snake-like animals are passed on through generations. Additionally, people are unaware that some snake populations or even species are facing extinction threats. Our results point to the need for an educational programme that changes people attitudes towards snakes and snake-like animals at M’Boi Mirim and other Municipal parks.
Effect of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Synaptic Vesicle Transporter and Antioxidant Enzyme Expression in High Fat Diet Fed 3xTg Mice
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyun , Kim In-Jae
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of aerobic exercise on the expression of synaptic vesicle transporter and antioxidant enzymes in obesity and to investigate the feasibility of exercise training to reduce AD pathogenesis in the 3xTg-AD mice fed a high fat diet.METHODS: Male 3 month old 3xTg-AD mice were divided into standard chow(SC, n=10), standard chow+exercise (SC-EXE, n=10), high fat diet (HFD, n=10), and high fat diet+exercise (HFD-EXE, n=10) groups. EXE mice were subjected to treadmill running at a moderate intensity with duration of 30 minutes per day and frequency of 5 days per week for 12 weeks. HFD mice were fed a 60% fat HFD during the same period. Mice were sacrificed and immunohistology and western blot analysis were performed.RESULTS: Compared with the SC mice, the HFD mice had significantly higher levels of Aβ (p<.01), p-tau/t-tau (p<.01) and defects of Vglut1 (p<.05), VGAT (p<.05), postsynaptic density 95 (p<.01) and GPX (p<.05) in the hippocampus. On the other hand, we found that treadmill running attenuated HFD-induced exacerbations of Aβ (p<.01), p-tau/t-tau (p<.05) and defects of Vglut1 (p<.01), Synaptophysin (p<.05), SOD1 (p<.05) in the hippocampus.CONCLUSIONS: High fat diet-induced obesity resulted in increased AD neuropathology and decreased synaptic vesicle transporter and antioxidant enzyme in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. However, aerobic exercise delayed AD-like disease progression, alleviated impaired synaptic function and the decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus.
Macroeconomic Effects of Large-Scale Asset Purchases: New Evidence
Authors: Kim Kyungmin , Laubach Thomas , Wei Min
Published: June 2020

We examine the macroeconomic effect of large-scale asset purchases (LSAPs) and forward guidance (FG) using a proxy structural VAR estimated on data through 2015, where the stance of the LSAP policy is measured using primary dealer expectations of the Federal Reserve's asset holdings. Monetary policy shocks are identified using instruments constructed from event study yield changes, and additional assumptions are employed to separately identify LSAP and FG shocks. We find that unexpected expansions in the Federal Reserve's asset holdings during the ZLB period between 2008 and 2015 had significant expansionary effects on the macroeconomy, with real activity and inflation rising and unemployment declining notably following the shock. The policy accommodation appears to be transmitted to the economy both through financial markets-including Treasury yields, credit spreads and equity prices-and through bank lending. The effects on Treasury yields and term premiums appear to be longer-lived than previously documented, while the effects on credit spreads and especially bank lending also appear persistent. These results appear fairly robust to alternative identification and econometric methodologies, alternative policy indicators and instruments, and controlling for any possible Federal Reserve information effect. A counterfactual analysis shows that absent the LSAP3 program implemented between late 2012 and 2014, CPI inflation would have been about 1 percentage point lower, while the unemployment rate would have been about 4 percentage points higher, by the end of 2015.
Islet Culture and Preparation for Cold Shipping v1
Authors: Islet Distribution Program Integrated
Published: June 2020

This SOP defines a standardized method for packaging and cold shipping of research quality islets to approved investigators of human isolated islet preparations, for use in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsored research in the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP). This protocol is written to assist the participating islet isolation centers and investigators who are part of this program. Note: This SOP was developed based on the Prodo Labs, Inc. shipping protocol and results from preliminary studies conducted by the IIDP and commissioned by the original IIDP Project Officer, and External Evaluation Committee (EEC). It was commissioned due to problems with acquiring the supplies that were used in IIDP SOP: SHP-001 and with the hope that this method is a better means for transportation of IIDP islets. Preliminary studies proved the islets by the Prodo Labs’ method were statistically as good as the original IIDP method, it was preferred by the test researchers, and was much more cost effective for the IIDP. This new method may be modified as future methods are tested and approved by the IIDP Team, Project Scientist (PS), the Program Official (PO), and EEC.
FLUORESCENT MODIFICATION OF THE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY FLUORESCEIN-5-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE
Authors: Grinevich A. S. , Chinareva I. V. , Burova O. S. , Ivanov P. K.
Published: June 2020

Introduction Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are a good tool for diagnosing human pathologies. They are used as conjugates with fluorescent and other dyes. The classical approach of creating such conjugates is reduced to chemical reactions using the protein base of the Mab. At the same time, for a number of Mabs, conjugate production is accompanied by embedding the label into the antigen binding site, which leads to a decrease or complete loss of the specific activity of the conjugate. To get out of this situation, the synthesis of fluorescent conjugates by methods of carbohydrate chemistry through spatially distant from the active center oligosaccharides of antibodies is proposed. Objective To obtain high activity ICO series Mab conjugates based on the reaction of covalent inclusion of the fluorescent label in the oligosaccharide sequence of the Mab. Materials and methods We used Mab series ICO of high purity. Oligosaccharides Mabs oxidized to aldehyde groups, were subjected to interaction with fluoriscine-5-thiosemicarboside, followed by the reduction of hydrazone derivative borgidrides. The resulting covalent conjugate was investigated in a flow cytometry. Results The synthesis of a fluorescent conjugate using monoclonal antibodies oligosaccharides was worked out. Modified monoclonal antibodies retain specific binding to target cells inherent in the native antibody. The resulting conjugates remained active for a long time during storage. Conclusion An alternative method for conjugation of immunofluorescent, allowing to obtain conjugates of high activity, has been developed.
CURRENT POINT OF VIEW ON PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE ROLES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF HER2 RECEPTOR’S DETECTION. LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Rotin D. L. , Paklina O. V. , Tin’kova I. O. , Grekov D. N. , Setdikova G. R.
Published: June 2020

Human epidermal growth factor receptor HER2, a proto-oncogene involved in the proliferation and differentiation signaling pathway. The overexpression and amplification of the HER2 gene and their significance have been studied in breast cancer. Data on HER2 over expression in gastric cancer vary widely, and the value is presented by inconsistent disparate data. The interpretation of HER2 in gastric cancer differs from the evaluation in breast cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize current data on the evaluation of HER2 in gastric cancer for the selection of targeted therapy. The search in modern databases of medical literature was carried out, more than 100 modern literary sources on the above-mentioned topic were studied and analyzed in detail and carefully. The most significant data on the evaluation of HER2 expression in gastric cancer and its prognostic and predictive value were selected and presented. Selected options evaluate the expression of HER2 receptor in operating and biopsy material of stomach cancer. Comparative data on the use of different antibody clones to solve the above problem are presented. The most frequent and important errors and possible interpretation disorders in the expression of HER2 in gastric cancer are analyzed. The use of transtuzumab for targeted therapy in gastric cancer makes it mandatory to test surgical and biopsy samples of gastric cancer to assess their expression of HER2. The development of various methods and the progress of molecular biology, however, the main role of the immunohistochemical method in solving this problem still left. Gastric cancer needs a single accessible standardized system for evaluating HER2 expression, and, most importantly, expert level interpretation of these results.
Clinical presentation, risk factors and factors affecting short term outcome in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Vallippalam Josy J. , R. Balakrishnan , Krishna Saloni , Thamaraikannan Karthik , Suresh Nitya
Published: June 2020

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare cause of stroke, with a predilection to females. Since the past two decades its morbidity and mortality had decreased because of the new effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This study mainly intends to assess, the clinical and aetiological factors of cerebral venous thrombosis and the factors predicting its short-term outcome. Objective was to study the factors influencing the short-term outcome of CVT and to study the pattern of clinical presentation and risk factors for CVT.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done at a tertiary care Centre in Tamil Nadu, in adult CVT patients from august 2018 to august 2019. Clinical, aetiological and radiological data were collected from patients and assessed and factors influencing the short-term outcome at discharge and at 15 days after discharge were studied. Data was analysed using SPSS16 software. Analysis of the descriptive data was performed and independent factors influencing the short-term outcome were analysed subsequently.Results: Males predominated in the study with a mean age of 38yrs. Most common presentation was headache. Infarct was present in 61 (56.5%). The most common site of venous involvement was superior sagittal sinus 81 (75%). Short term outcome had shown a significant association with hypertension (p value -0.019 and odds ratio-65.439) and baseline MRS (p value- 0.000, OR - 0.004) only.Conclusions: Nowadays, the mortality and morbidity of CVT has decreased. Hypertension has emerged as an independent predictive factor in the short -term outcome of CVT.
Efecto de la saturación de agua durante la ignición de un proceso de combustión in situ
Authors: Dangon Molano Juan , Mora Uribe Silvia , Muñoz N. Samuel , Padilla R Jorge , Bottía Ramirez Hernando
Published: June 2020

Combustión In Situ (CIS) es un método térmico para la recuperación mejorada de crudo pesado.Para iniciar el proceso de CIS es necesario consumir una parte del aceite en la formación mediante reacciones de oxidación y luego mantener la combustión mediante la inyección continua de aire. Esta etapa inicial es conocida como la ignición del proceso y su estudio permite identificar el requerimiento energético del sistema roca-fluido. La correcta investigación de la ignición puede conducir a una aplicación exitosa en campo de CIS.El propósito del presente trabajo es predecir la ignición espontánea de un yacimiento de crudo pesado colombiano mediante un modelo matemático programado en MATLAB, el cual tiene en cuenta la transferencia de masa y energía que ocurre en el régimen de oxidación a bajas temperaturas (LTO). Los parámetros cinéticos fueron obtenidos a partir de las pruebas de celda isotérmica realizadas en el laboratorio de inyección de aire del Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo. Los resultados mostraron el efecto directo de la saturación de agua sobre el tiempo de retardo y la distancia a la cual toma lugar la ignición espontánea desde el pozo inyector.
¿Qué hay en común entre el hígado graso agudo del embarazo y la preeclampsia? Subdiagnóstico clínico de alta mortalidad
Authors: Torres Rodriguez Karen Julieth
Published: June 2020

El hígado graso agudo del embarazo es una de las alteraciones hepáticas con mayor mortalidad (cerca del 18 %) presentes en la gestación, aunque es una patología poco frecuente: 1 de cada 7000 a 16.000 embarazos presenta muchas complicaciones y requiere un manejo inmediato para evitar la muerte de la gestante o del feto; sin embargo esta patología se puede enmascarar con la preeclampsia, que es otra patología hepática de mayor frecuencia, lo cual retrasa el manejo y aumenta el número de complicaciones. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica acerca del hígado graso agudo del embarazo e identificar los factores similares entre esta patología y la preeclampsia severa para lograr hacer un diagnóstico y manejo oportunos. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Embase, en junio de 2017; además, se seleccionaron artículos originales, reportes de casos y artículos de revisión, publicados en los últimos diez años.
Educação, Movimentos Sociais e Mulheres: Redes de Articulação e Resistência
Authors: Pomier Layrargues Philippe , Puggian Cleonice , Kassiadou Menezes Anne
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma análise dos trabalhos apresentados no Grupo de Discussão de Pesquisa Educação Ambiental e Movimentos Sociais, que ocorreu durante o X Encontro de Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental, realizado em Sergipe, em agosto de 2019. Foram analisados seis artigos submetidos para apresentação, assim como o registro de dois diálogos presenciais que ocorreram durante o evento. Cinco estados brasileiros estiveram representados: Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso e Sergipe, com participantes provenientes de seis instituições: UNIRIO, UFES, Instituto Sapê do Norte, UFJF, UFMT e UFS. Identificamos sete temáticas emergentes que foram abordadas pelos autores: territórios, feminismos e ecofeminimos, racismo ambiental, conflitos ambientais, paleontologia, desenvolvimento sustentável e poética(s). Dessas temáticas, a ação das mulheres e a dimensão pedagógica da luta ambiental foram as mais proeminentes. Análises apontam que a questão ambiental não se reduz à adoção de novos comportamentos domésticos e privados, mas, sobretudo, à participação política na esfera pública em busca de conquista de direitos.
A pesquisa em educação ambiental: perspectivas e enfrentamentos
Authors: De Moura Carvalho Isabel Cristina
Published: June 2020

Este artigo registra as reflexões que apresentei na mesa redonda Pesquisa em EA nos 10 anos de EPEA, no X EPEA, realizado na Universidade Federal de Sergipe, na cidade de Aracaju, de 01 a 04 de setembro de 2019[1]. A proposta da mesa foi realizar um balanço da educação ambiental e apontar os principais desafios e enfrentamentos da EA no cenário atual. Assim como minha fala, este artigo se organiza em três tempos. Inicio com um balanço da EA na primeira década do século XXI, trazendo dados selecionados de uma pesquisa sobre o estado da arte da produção científica em EA, da qual participei com Carmen Farias/UFRPE e Marcelo Borges/UFSC, publicada em um periódico internacional de EA[2]. Na segunda parte do artigo, me dedico a uma contextualização do clima social que vivíamos no Brasil quando se realizou o X EPEA, e os principais desafios que consideramos naquela conjuntura. Na terceira parte, identifico brevemente o que me parecem os principais enfrentamentos da EA que podem nos fortalecer para a resistência criativa e a resiliência que o atual momento exige.
The Burkholderia genus: between mutualism and pathogenicity
Authors: Espinosa-Victoria David , López-Reyes Lucía , Carcaño-Montiel Moisés Graciano , Serret-López María
Published: June 2020

Burkholderia es un género ambivalente debido a que algunas de sus especies establecen relaciones simbiótico-mutualistas con las plantas, y simbiótico-patogénicas con plantas, animales y humanos. Desde que la bacteria fitopatógena B. cepacia fue reportada como oportunista nosocomial, asociada a la fibrosis quística, surgió la preocupación de posibles infecciones en humanos. El objetivo de esta contribución fue hacer un análisis de la versatilidad funcional de Burkholderia y de su efecto en la salud humana. Burkholderia albergó cerca de 100 especies y al complejo B. cepacia (CBC) constituido por 22 especies. Inicialmente, se determinó la existencia de dos linajes dentro del género: el A que incluía varias especies que se asociaban con plantas, así como las saprofitas; y el B que contenía las especies del CBC (oportunistas patógenas de humanos), el subgrupo de B. pseudomallei que incluía patógenos de humanos y animales, y un grupo de especies fitopatógenas. Finalmente, se renombraron algunos individuos como Paraburkholderia y Caballeronia. Los análisis recientes de burkholderias provenientes de humanos y del ambiente, indican que no existe una subdivisión filogenética que distinga entre benéficas y patogénicas. De ahí la importancia de considerar los riesgos para la salud humana, cuando algún miembro de este grupo sea empleado en actividades agrícolas.
NOVA INTERPRETACIJA „TREĆEG PUTA” TOME AKVINSKOG
Authors: RUJEVIĆ GORAN
Published: June 2020

Toma Akvinski je poznat po svojih pet argumenata za dokazivanje postojanja Boga, a treći od tih „pet puteva” jeste argument iz kontingentnosti koji ukazuje na nužnost postojanja nužnog bića. Ovaj „treći put” podvrgavamo argumentacionoj analizi koja razotkriva da postoje dve interpretacije ovog argumenta redukcije na apsurdnost. Interpretacija koja se zasniva na pronalaženju protivrečja sa iskustvenim činjenicama pokazuje se neadekvatnom usled toga što su njeni zaključci zasnovani na problematičnim opservacionim selekcionim efektima. Interpretacija koja se zasniva na pronalaženju protivrečja sa apriornim istinama pokazuje se nedovoljnom jer u sebi ne sadrži neophodnu apriornu građu. Kao rešenje ovih prigovora, predlažemo novu interpretaciju, gde se argument „trećeg puta” interpretira u kombinaciji sa argumentom „drugog puta”, koji onda može da pruži odgovarajući apriorni sadržaj spram kojeg se može uspostaviti odgovarajuća relacija protivrečnosti, a koji pri svemu tome neće zapadati u probleme sa posmatračkim selekcionim efektima. Predloženo rešenje podložno je daljoj evaluaciji i kritikovanju.
SVETI AVGUSTIN O JEZIKU I ZNAKOVIMA
Authors: POPOVIĆ UNA
Published: June 2020

Avgustinova teorija signifikacije je tema ovog rada. Analize imaju za cilj da pokažu da Avgustinova teorija signifikacije odstupa od tradicionalnih tumačenja u pogledu svog domena i u pogledu tematizacije problema značenja. U prvom slučaju Avgustin pod teorijom signifikacije obuhvata i verbalne i neverbalne znakove, kao i jezik Svetog pisma. U drugom slučaju on zastupa stanovište da značenja moraju biti nematerijalna, te da se pitanje znaka ne može rešiti u domenu stvorenog. Rezultati rada izvedeni su uporednom analizom ključnih Avgustinovih spisa posvećenih ovoj temi, uz uvažavanje religioznih impulsa u izgradnji ove teorije signifikacije.
The Impact of the Brexit on the Living Standards and Quality of Life in Britain
Authors: Khesin Yefim S.
Published: June 2020

The Object of the Study. Living standards and quality of life of the population in Great Britain. The Subject of the Study. The Brexit. The Purpose of the Study is exposing the impact of the Brexit on the living standards and quality of life in the country. The Main Provisions of the Article. Following a June 2016 referendum on continued European Union membership in which 52% voted to leave and 48% voted to stay the UK government announced the country's withdrawal from the EC (Brexit). In March 2017 it formally began the withdrawal process. The withdrawal was delayed by deadlock in the UK parliament. Having failed to get her agreement with the EC approved, Theresa May resigned as Prime Minister in July 2019 and was succeeded by Boris Johnson, an active supporter of the Brexit. An early general election was then held on 12 December. The Conservatives won a large majority. As a result, the parliament ratified the withdrawal agreement, and the UK formally left the EU on 31 January 2020. This began a transition period that is set to end on 31 December 2020, during which the UK and EU will negotiate their future relationship. The first round of negotiations between London and Brussels began in March 2020. The author investigates the consequences of the withdrawal of Great Britain from the EC on the living standards and quality of life, economic situation, labour market, social policy of the government. in this country. It analyzes on the impact of the Brexit on the major elements of human capital: education, science, health, living conditions, ecology. It found that short-term forecasts of what would happen immediately after the Brexit referendum were too pessimistic. Nowadays it is very difficult to give an accurate estimate of the future effect of the Brexit on cost of living in Great Britain – many essential issues in the relations between the UK and the EC remain open. Besides, the coronavirus crisis and lockdown measures may cause the grave damage to growth and jobs. Much evidence shows that in the medium- and long-term leaving the European Union damage the British economy and thus reduce the UK's real per-capita income level and may adversely affect jobs and earnings, income and wealth, life expectancy, education and skills, academic research, health status, environmental quality and subjective well-being in the UK. Finally, the author analyses the impact on the economic and social life in Great Britain of different Brexit scenarios after the end of the transition period. The consequences will differ sharply depending on whether the UK does a Soft or Hard (no deal) Brexit.
Some Issues of Transformation of the Sphere of Education and Labor Market and their State Regulation
Authors: Yakovleva Natal’ya G.
Published: June 2020

The author analyzes the socioeconomic transformations of the sphere of education at the stage of late capitalism (commercialization, bureaucratization, managerization, financialization). These transformations are due to the marketization of education. It also shows the changing role and place of the state at this stage of development of the capitalist system. The influence of these changes on the social sphere, for example, the sphere of education, is studied. Changes in the labor market are determined and their impact on education. It is concluded that there is a need to adjust the interaction of the labor market and the education sector. The state should be an active participant in this process. The Object of the Study. Changes in the role of the state at the stage of late capitalism. The Subject of the Study. Socio-economic transformations in education at the stage of late capitalism. The Purpose of the Study. From a theoretical point of view, determine the impact of change The Main Provisions of the Article. 1. Modern stage of development of the capitalist system (late capitalism) it is characterized by a neoliberal model of market economy. It is characterized by market fundamentalism and reduced budget financing of the social sphere, the global hegemony of financial capital and the globalization of all spheres of human activity. 2. The market economy of late capitalism is characterized by the marketization of the social sphere, in particular, education. 3. In the market economy of late capitalism, the place and role of the state is changing. 4. The social sphere becomes the main sector in the structure of the economy at the stage of late capitalism, since it is in it that the main productive force of society is formed - the creative potential of a person. 5. In Russia in the field of education observed the regressive trends which have an impact on the labour market. 6. In turn, there are changes in the labor market that require a certain response from the education sector. 7. At the stage of late capitalism, it is necessary to adjust the interaction of the labor market and the education sector. The state should be directly involved in this.
TOXICITY TEST OF SMALL WHITE GINGER EXTRACT ON BHK-21 FIBROBLAST CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Robiansyah Robiansyah , Saputera Debby , Arifin Rahmad
Published: June 2020

Background: Denture stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa which supporting the denture that caused by Candida albicans. Candida albicans contamination can be prevented by immersing dentures into denture cleanser solution. One of the alternative ingredients that can be used as denture cleanser is small white ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum). Objective: This study aimed to analyze whether small white ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) was toxic to BHK-21 fibroblast cells using the MTT assay method. Method: This study was conducted in 7 groups. Five groups consisted of extracts of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 2 control groups comprised of media control and cell control. Absorbance was read using ELISA reader and cell viability was calculated. Results: The percentage of living cells of all groups of small white ginger extract treatment was 100%. The parametric analysis of One Way Annova showed p = 0.498 (p> 0.05) Conclusion: Small white ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) is not toxic to BHK-21 fibroblast cells using the MTT Assay method because cell viability of all concentration groups is  ≥ 60%.
THE IMMERSION EFFECT OF MIXTURE OF SMALL WHITE GINGER AND GARLIC EXTRACT ON COLOR CHANGES OF ACRYLIC PLATE
Authors: Pengasih Dea , Saputera Debby , Sukmana Bayu Indra
Published: June 2020

Background: Heat cured acrylic resin is often used as a component of denture. One of the heat cured acrylic resin properties is water absorption that affects the change in acrylic color. An alternative using natural compound to minimize side effect is arising when compared to synthetic materials. A mixture of  small white ginger and garlic extract can be used as natural denture cleanser. Objective: This study aimed to know the color changes of heat cured resin plate that immersed in a mixture of 70% small white ginger and 10% garlic extract. Method: This was a true experimental study with pretest and posttest with control group design, using simple random sampling. The sample was cylindrical acrylic with 15 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The research was done using 18 samples heat cured acrylic resins which were divided into 3 groups, the mixture of 70% small white ginger and 10% garlic extract, alkaline peroxide, and distilled water. The color change of the sample was tested using digital analysis tools set. Results: The mean value of color changes in heat cured acrylic resin plate after immersion in a group of mixed extracts, alkaline peroxide, and distilled water were 6.23, 3.65 and 2.48. Data were analyzed using  One Way ANOVA parametric test and Dunnet T3 Post Hoc test. Conclusion: There is a difference in color changes of heat cured resin plate after the immersion in a mixture of extract and alkaline peroxide. Acrylic resin that immersed in mixed extract demonstrates a higher value of color change.