bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restricted active space calculations of L-edge X-ray absorption spectra: From molecular orbitals to multiplet states
Authors: Pinjari Rahul V. , Delcey Mickaël G. , Guo Meiyuan , Odelius Michael , Lundberg Marcus
Published: September 2014

The metal L-edge (2p → 3d) X-ray absorption spectra are affected by a number of different interactions: electron-electron repulsion, spin-orbit coupling, and charge transfer between metal and ligands, which makes the simulation of spectra challenging. The core restricted active space (RAS) method is an accurate and flexible approach that can be used to calculate X-ray spectra of a wide range of medium-sized systems without any symmetry constraints. Here, the applicability of the method is tested in detail by simulating three ferric (3d5) model systems with well-known electronic structure, viz., atomic Fe3+, high-spin [FeCl6]3− with ligand donor bonding, and low-spin [Fe(CN)6]3− that also has metal backbonding. For these systems, the performance of the core RAS method, which does not require any system-dependent parameters, is comparable to that of the commonly used semi-empirical charge-transfer multiplet model. It handles orbitally degenerate ground states, accurately describes metal-ligand interactions, and includes both single and multiple excitations. The results are sensitive to the choice of orbitals in the active space and this sensitivity can be used to assign spectral features. A method has also been developed to analyze the calculated X-ray spectra using a chemically intuitive molecular orbital picture.
Photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations of small SinSm− (n = 1,2; m = 1–4) clusters
Authors: Xu Xi-Ling , Deng Xiao-Jiao , Xu Hong-Guang , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: September 2014

Binary cluster anions composed of silicon and sulfur elements, SinSm− (n = 1,2; m = 1-4), were investigated by using photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The vertical detachment energies and the adiabatic detachment energies of these clusters were obtained from their photoelectron spectra. The electron affinity of SiS molecule is determined to be 0.477 ± 0.040 eV. The results show that the most stable structures of the anionic and neutral SinSm (n = 1,2; m = 1-4) clusters prefer to adopt planar configurations except that the structures of Si2S4− and Si2S2 are slightly bent.
Friction imprint effect in mechanically cleaved BaTiO3 (001)
Authors: Long Christian J. , Ebeling Daniel , Solares Santiago D. , Cannara Rachel J.
Published: September 2014

Adsorption, chemisorption, and reconstruction at the surfaces of ferroelectric materials can all contribute toward the pinning of ferroelectric polarization, which is called the electrical imprint effect. Here, we show that the opposite is also true: freshly cleaved, atomically flat surfaces of (001) oriented BaTiO3 exhibit a persistent change in surface chemistry that is driven by ferroelectric polarization. This surface modification is explored using lateral force microscopy (LFM), while the ferroelectric polarization is probed using piezoresponse force microscopy. We find that immediately after cleaving BaTiO3, LFM reveals friction contrast between ferroelectric domains. We also find that this surface modification remains after the ferroelectric domain distribution is modified, resulting in an imprint of the original ferroelectric domain distribution on the sample surface. This friction imprint effect has implications for surface patterning as well as ferroelectric device operation and failure.
Impacts of amorphous and crystalline cobalt ferrite layers on the giant magneto-impedance response of a soft ferromagnetic amorphous ribbon
Authors: Mukherjee D. , Devkota J. , Ruiz A. , Hordagoda M. , Hyde R. , Witanachchi S. , Mukherjee P. , Srikanth H. , Phan M. H.
Published: September 2014

A systematic study of the effect of depositing CoFe2O4 (CFO) films of various thicknesses (d = 0–600 nm) on the giant magneto-impedance (GMI) response of a soft ferromagnetic amorphous ribbon Co65Fe4Ni2Si15B14 has been performed. The CFO films were grown on the amorphous ribbons by the pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed a structural variation of the CFO film from amorphous to polycrystalline as the thickness of the CFO film exceeded a critical value of 300 nm. Atomic force microscopy evidenced the increase in surface roughness of the CFO film as the thickness of the CFO film was increased. These changes in the crystallinity and morphology of the CFO film were found to have a distinct impact on the GMI response of the ribbon. Relative to the bare ribbon, coating of amorphous CFO films significantly enhanced the GMI response of the ribbon, while polycrystalline CFO films decreased it considerably. The maximum GMI response was achieved near the onset of the structural transition of the CFO film. These findings are of practical importance in developing high-sensitivity magnetic sensors.
Spectroscopic study of graphene nanoribbons formed by crystallographic etching of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
Authors: Sugiyama Yoshihiro , Kubo Osamu , Omura Ryosuke , Shigehara Masaaki , Tabata Hiroshi , Mori Nobuya , Katayama Mitsuhiro
Published: September 2014

We report a scanning tunneling spectroscopy study systematically performed on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with various widths and layer numbers. The GNRs are formed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by crystallographic etching, as reported by Datta and co-workers [Nano Lett. 8, 1912 (2008)]. Regardless of the width and layer numbers, GNRs having zigzag edges exhibit a peak at the Fermi energy in their local density of states (LDOS) when measured near the edges, whereas no peak appears away from the edges. On the other hand, a depression of the LDOS emerges at the Fermi energy in the case of a GNR having armchair edges with no relation to the measured position in an identical GNR. The energy gap of the LDOS depression monotonically decreases with increasing GNR width, whereas there is no apparent dependence on the layer numbers. By comparison with the band structure calculated by a nearest-neighbor tight-binding method, it is suggested that the overlap of wave functions between the topmost layer and the underlayers is negligible, resulting in an LDOS similar to that on an isolated monolayer GNR even on an HOPG substrate. From the quantitative scaling of energy gaps (Egap) of LDOS depression with respect to GNR widths (W), the relation between the two is obtained as Egap = 1.9 [eV nm]/W.
Transport properties of bare and hydrogenated zigzag silicene nanoribbons: Negative differential resistances and perfect spin-filtering effects
Authors: Yang X. F. , Liu Y. S. , Feng J. F. , Wang X. F. , Zhang C. W. , Chi F.
Published: September 2014

Ab initio calculations are performed to investigate the spin-polarized transport properties of the bare and hydrogenated zigzag silicene nanoribbons (ZSiNRs). The results show that the ZSiNRs with symmetric (asymmetric) edges prefer the ferromagnetic (antiferromagnetic) as their ground states with the semiconductor properties, while the accordingly antiferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) states exhibit the metallic behaviors. These facts result in a giant magnetoresistance behavior between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states in the low bias-voltage regime. Moreover, in the ferromagnetic ZSiNRs with asymmetric edges, a perfect spin-filtering effect with 100% positive electric current polarization can be achieved by altering the bias voltage. In addition, we also find that the negative differential resistances prefer the metastable states. The findings here indicate that the asymmetric and symmetric ZSiNRs are promising materials for spintronic applications.
Bit patterned media optimization at 1 Tdot/in2 by post-annealing
Authors: Hellwig Olav , Marinero Ernesto E. , Kercher Dan , Hennen Tyler , McCallum Andrew , Dobisz Elizabeth , Wu Tsai-Wei , Lille Jeff , Hirano Toshiki , Ruiz Ricardo , Grobis Michael K. , Weller Dieter , Albrecht Thomas R.
Published: September 2014

We report on the fabrication of 1 Tdot/in2 bit patterned media with high coercivity (HC) and narrow intrinsic switching field distribution (iSFD) based on nanoimprint from a master pattern formed by e-beam guided block copolymer assembly onto a carbon hard mask and subsequent pattern transfer via etching into a thin CoCrPt perpendicular anisotropy recording layer. We demonstrate that an additional vacuum annealing step after pattern transfer into the CoCrPt layer and after Carbon hard mask removal not only yields recovery from undesired damage of the island edges, but actually transforms the islands into a magnetically more favorable compositional phase with higher HC, lower iSFD/HC, and three-fold increased thermal stability. Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the diffusion of Cr from the island cores to the periphery of the islands during post-annealing is responsible for the transformation of the magnetic bits into a more stable state.
Frequency-selective multilayer electromagnetic bandgap structure combining carbon nanotubes with polymeric or ceramic substrates
Authors: Danlée Y. , Huynen I. , Bailly C.
Published: September 2014

We present an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) multilayer structure, acting as a frequency-selective surface able to absorb in specified narrow frequency bands within the GHz-range. The structure is a lossy EBG using ultra-thin conductive layers to generate a controlled resonance in homogenous high permittivity slabs. The basic structure is composed of carbon nanotubes depositions sandwiched between polycarbonate films, which are stacked in alternation between dielectric slabs. The physical properties (i.e., relative permittivity and thickness) of the dielectric spacers allow creating narrow high-absorption bands at defined frequencies. This multilayer approach offers a smart and versatile solution for tuning the selectivity of EBG performance.
Direct X-B mode conversion for high-β national spherical torus experiment in nonlinear regime
Authors: Ali Asgarian M. , Parvazian A. , Abbasi M. , Verboncoeur J. P.
Published: September 2014

Electron Bernstein wave (EBW) can be effective for heating and driving currents in spherical tokamak plasmas. Power can be coupled to EBW via mode conversion of the extraordinary (X) mode wave. The most common and successful approach to study the conditions for optimized mode conversion to EBW was evaluated analytically and numerically using a cold plasma model and an approximate kinetic model. The major drawback in using radio frequency waves was the lack of continuous wave sources at very high frequencies (above the electron plasma frequency), which has been addressed. A future milestone is to approach high power regime, where the nonlinear effects become significant, exceeding the limits of validity for present linear theory. Therefore, one appropriate tool would be particle in cell (PIC) simulation. The PIC method retains most of the nonlinear physics without approximations. In this work, we study the direct X-B mode conversion process stages using PIC method for incident wave frequency f0 = 15 GHz, and maximum amplitude E0 = 105 V/m in the national spherical torus experiment (NSTX). The modelling shows a considerable reduction in X-B mode conversion efficiency, Cmodelling = 0.43, due to the presence of nonlinearities. Comparison of system properties to the linear state reveals predominant nonlinear effects; EBW wavelength and group velocity in comparison with linear regime exhibit an increment around ∼36% and 17%, respectively.
Competition between modes with different axial structures in gyrotrons
Authors: Khutoryan Eduard M. , Nusinovich Gregory S. , Sinitsyn Oleksandr V.
Published: September 2014

This study was motivated by some experiments in which it was found that during the voltage rise, instead of expected excitation of a high-frequency parasitic mode, the excitation of a lower-frequency parasitic mode takes place in a certain range of voltages. For explaining this fact, the dependence of start currents of possible competing modes on the beam voltage was carried out in the cold-cavity approximation and by using the self-consistent approach. It was found that in the case of cavities, which consist of the combination of a section of constant radius waveguide and a slightly uptapered waveguide, these two approaches yield completely different results. Thus, experimentally observed excitation of the low-frequency parasitic mode can be explained by the self-consistent modification of the axial profile of the excited field, which has strong influence on the diffractive quality factor of competing modes. This modification is especially pronounced in the case of excitation of modes with many axial variations which can be excited in the region of beam interaction with the backward-wave component of such modes.
Viscous damping of toroidal angular momentum in tokamaks
Authors: Stacey W. M.
Published: September 2014

The Braginskii viscous stress tensor formalism was generalized to accommodate non-axisymmetric 3D magnetic fields in general toroidal flux surface geometry in order to provide a representation for the viscous damping of toroidal rotation in tokamaks arising from various “neoclassical toroidal viscosity” mechanisms. In the process, it was verified that the parallel viscosity contribution to damping toroidal angular momentum still vanishes even in the presence of toroidal asymmetries, unless there are 3D radial magnetic fields.
Band offsets of TiZnSnO/Si heterojunction determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Sun R. J. , Li X. F. , Jiang Q. J. , Yan W. C. , Feng L. S. , Li X. D. , Lu B. , Ye Z. Z. , Lu J. G.
Published: September 2014

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to measure the valence band offset (ΔEV) of the TiZnSnO (TZTO)/Si heterojunction. TZTO films were deposited on Si (100) substrates using magnetron sputtering at room temperature. By using the Zn 2p3/2 and Sn 3d5/2 energy levels as references, the value of ΔEV was calculated to be 2.69 ± 0.1 eV. Combining with the experimental optical energy band gap of 3.98 eV for TZTO extracted from the UV-vis transmittance spectrum, the conduction band offset (ΔEC) was deduced to be 0.17 ± 0.1 eV at the interface. Hence, the energy band alignment of the heterojunction was determined accurately, showing a type-I form. This will be beneficial for the design and application of TZTO/Si hybrid devices.
Tunability of conduction at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface: Thickness and compositional studies
Authors: Breckenfeld E. , Bronn N. , Mason N. , Martin L. W.
Published: September 2014

The role of chemistry, film thickness, and oxygen pressure in influencing the electrical and thermal transport properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces is explored. Unit-cell precise growth was accomplished for films between 3 and 160 unit cells thick using reflection high-energy electron diffraction-assisted pulsed-laser deposition. Subsequent temperature-dependent studies of electrical resistivity reveal three important observations: (1) by tuning the laser fluence, we can systematically tune the interfacial conductance in a step-wise manner in this system, (2) all films exhibit a critical thickness of 3–4 unit cells for the onset of conduction, and (3) the nature of the conductance is highly influenced by the stoichiometry of the LaAlO3 film with La-deficient samples showing dramatic changes with thickness, while stoichiometric and La-excess films show little dependence. Time-domain thermoreflectance studies show a diminished interfacial thermal conductance for the La-deficient films when compared to La-excess and stoichiometric films, suggesting that the interfacial conductance is more influenced by extrinsic factors such as oxygen deficiency.
Upregulation of eIF5B controls cell-cycle arrest and specific developmental stages
Authors: Lee Sooncheol , Truesdell Samuel S. , Bukhari Syed I. A. , Lee Ju Huck , LeTonqueze Olivier , Vasudevan Shobha
Published: September 2014

Significance

This study uncovers a critical role for a general translation factor in specific developmental stages, including immature oocytes and ES cells, and during growth-factor deprivation of mammalian cells, which induces the transition to cell-cycle arrest. These conditions alter and decrease general translation yet maintain ongoing translation. We reveal upregulation of the eukaryotic translation factor 5B (eIF5B), which becomes essential for general translation, specifically in these conditions. Importantly, our data demonstrate that eIF5B controls these cell-cycle transition and developmental stages, promoting oocyte maturation and inhibiting cell-cycle arrest. These findings underscore the importance of translational regulation in cell-cycle transitions and development.
Spectroscopic study on the beryllium abundances of red giant stars
Authors: Takeda Yoichi , Tajitsu Akito
Published: September 2014

An extensive spectroscopic study was carried out for the beryllium abundances of 200 red giants (mostly of late G- and early K-type), which were determined from the near-UV Be ii 3131.066 line based on high-dispersion spectra obtained by Subaru/High Dispersion Spectrograph, with an aim of investigating the nature of surface Be contents in these evolved giants; e.g., dependence upon stellar parameters, degree of peculiarity along with its origin and build-up timing. We found that Be is considerably deficient (to widely different degrees from star to star) in the photosphere of these evolved giants by ∼ 1–3 dex (or more) compared to the initial abundance. While the resulting Be abundances [A(Be)] appear to depend weakly upon Teff, log g, [Fe/H], M, age, and ve sin i, this may be attributed to the metallicity dependence of A(Be) coupled with the mutual correlation between these stellar parameters, since such tendencies almost disappear in the metallicity-scaled Be abundance ([Be/Fe]). By comparing the Be abundances (as well as their correlations with Li and C) to the recent theoretical predictions based on sophisticated stellar evolution calculations, we concluded that such a considerable extent/diversity of Be deficit is difficult to explain only by the standard theory of first dredge-up in the envelope of red giants, and that some extra mixing process (such as rotational or thermohaline mixing) must be responsible, which presumably starts to operate already in the main-sequence phase. This view is supported by the fact that appreciable Be depletion is seen in less evolved intermediate-mass B–A type stars near to the main sequence.
Super-resolution imaging with radio interferometry using sparse modeling
Authors: Honma Mareki , Akiyama Kazunori , Uemura Makoto , Ikeda Shiro
Published: September 2014

We propose a new technique to obtain super-resolution images with radio interferometry using sparse modeling. In standard radio interferometry, sampling of (u, v) is quite often incomplete and thus obtaining an image from observed visibilities becomes an underdetermined problem, and a technique of so-called “zero-padding” is often used to fill up unsampled grids in the (u, v) plane, resulting in image degradation by finite beam size as well as numerous side-lobes. In this paper we show that directly solving such an underdetermined problem based on sparse modeling (in this paper, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, known as LASSO) avoids the above problems introduced by zero-padding, leading to super-resolution images in which structure finer than the standard beam size (diffraction limit) can be reproduced. We present results of one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations of interferometric imaging, and discuss its implications for super-resolution imaging, particularly focusing on imaging of black hole shadows with millimeter VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry).
Distraction Analgesia in Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Schreiber Kristin L. , Campbell Claudia , Martel Marc O. , Greenbaum Seth , Wasan Ajay D. , Borsook David , Jamison Robert N. , Edwards Robert R.
Published: September 2014

Background:

Diverting attention away from noxious stimulation (i.e., distraction) is a common pain-coping strategy. Its effects are variable across individuals, however, and the authors hypothesized that chronic pain patients who reported higher levels of pain catastrophizing would derive less pain-reducing benefit from distraction.

Methods:

Chronic pain patients (n = 149) underwent psychometric and quantitative sensory testing, including assessment of the temporal summation of pain in the presence and absence of a distracting motor task.

Results:

A simple distraction task decreased temporal summation of pain overall, but, surprisingly, a greater distraction analgesia was observed in high catastrophizers. This enhanced distraction analgesia in high catastrophizers was not altered when controlling for current pain scores, depression, anxiety, or opioid use (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]: F = 8.7, P < 0.005). Interestingly, the magnitude of distraction analgesia was inversely correlated with conditioned pain modulation (Pearson R = −0.23, P = 0.005).

Conclusion:

Distraction produced greater analgesia among chronic pain patients with higher catastrophizing, suggesting that catastrophizing’s pain-amplifying effects may be due in part to greater attention to pain, and these patients may benefit from distraction-based pain management approaches. Furthermore, these data suggest that distraction analgesia and conditioned pain modulation may involve separate underlying mechanisms.
Reclassification of Staphylococcus jettensis De Bel et al. 2013 as Staphylococcus petrasii subsp. jettensis subsp. nov. and emended description of Staphylococcus petrasii Pantucek et al. 2013
Authors: De Bel Annelies , Švec Pavel , Petráš Petr , Sedláček Ivo , Pantůček Roman , Echahidi Fedoua , Piérard Denis , Vandamme Peter
Published: September 2014

The type and clinical strains of two recently described coagulase-negative species of the genus

Staphylococcus,

Staphylococcus petrasii

and

Staphylococcus jettensis

, were compared using dnaJ, tuf, gap, hsp60 and rpoB gene sequences, DNA–DNA hybridization, ribotyping, repetitive sequence-based PCR fingerprinting and extensive biochemical characterization. Based on the results, the species description of

S. petrasii

has been emended and

S. jettensis

should be reclassified as a novel subspecies within

S. petrasii

for which the name Staphylococcus petrasii subsp. jettensis subsp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SEQ110T ( = LMG 26879T = CCUG 62657T = DSM 26618T = CCM 8494T).
The Effects of Expanding Public Insurance to Rural Low‐Income Childless Adults
Authors: Burns Marguerite E. , Dague Laura , DeLeire Thomas , Dorsch Mary , Friedsam Donna , Leininger Lindsey Jeanne , Palmucci Gaston , Schmelzer John , Voskuil Kristen
Published: September 2014

Objective

This study measures the change in health care use after enrollment into a new public insurance program for low‐income childless adults.

Data Sources/Study Setting

The data sources include claims from a large integrated health system in rural Wisconsin and Medicaid enrollment files, January 2007–September 2012.

Study Design

We employ a regression discontinuity design to measure the causal effect of public insurance enrollment on counts of outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient events for 2 years following enrollment for a sample of previously uninsured low‐income adults in rural Wisconsin.

Principal Findings

Public insurance enrollment led to substantial increases in outpatient visits including preventive visits, but not mental health visits. Public insurance enrollment also led to increases in inpatient stays, but the study is inconclusive on whether it led to an increase in ED visits.

Conclusions

Public insurance expansions to childless adults have the potential to impact the use of health care. The large increase in Medicaid coverage and reduction in rates of uninsurance anticipated to result from the Affordable Care Act should increase the use of inpatient and outpatient services, but they will have an uncertain impact on the use of ED among rural populations.
Pseudodominant inheritance in a family with nonautoimmune hypothyroidism due to biallelic DUOX2 mutations
Authors: Abe Kiyomi , Narumi Satoshi , Suwanai Ayuko S. , Hamajima Takashi , Hasegawa Tomonobu
Published: September 2014

Objectives

Mutations in the dual oxidase 2 gene (DUOX2) is the most common genetic cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Japan. All previously described DUOX2 mutation‐carrying families have followed autosomal recessive inheritance. We report a nonconsanguineous Japanese family harbouring biallelic DUOX2 mutations, which presented an apparently dominant inheritance of nonautoimmune hypothyroidism.

Design and methods

The proband and her two sisters had been diagnosed as having CH on newborn screening and were treated with levothyroxine. Their mother had subclinical hypothyroidism. We sequenced DUOX2 in the proband and her family members. Pathogenicity of the identified novel mutation (p.Y1347C) was verified in vitro.

Results

We found that the proband and her sisters were compound heterozygous for a novel DUOX2 mutation p.Y1347C and a previously reported functional variant p.H678R. Unexpectedly, we found that the mother was homozygous for p.H678R. Expression experiments showed that the p.Y1347C mutant had reduced H2O2‐producing activity, although there was no significant difference in the level of protein expression or localization, between wild type and p.Y1347C.

Conclusions

We report a DUOX2 mutation‐carrying pedigree presenting pseudodominant inheritance of nonautoimmune hypothyroidism. We speculate that the relatively high frequency of DUOX2 mutations could lead to pseudodominant inheritance in Japan.
Papilla dimension and soft tissue level after early vs. delayed placement of single‐tooth implants: 10‐year results from a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Schropp Lars , Isidor Flemming
Published: September 2014

Aim

To present the10‐year esthetic outcome data for single‐tooth implants placed early or delayed after tooth extraction.

Material and Methods

Forty‐four patients randomly allocated to two equal size groups were treated with a single‐tooth implant approximately 10 days (Ea; N = 22), or 3 months (De; N = 22) after tooth extraction. Healing abutments were mounted after 3 months of submerged healing, and metal–ceramic crowns cemented after one additional month. Presence of buccal bone defects was registered at the second‐stage surgery. Patients attended control visits 1 week and 1–1.5 years after mounting of the crown and 5 and 10 years after implant placement. Marginal bone level at the implant and the adjacent teeth as well as the distance between the implant and the teeth were measured in standardized periapical radiographs. The papilla dimension and clinical crown height (CCH) were assessed on clinical photographs by an experienced prosthodontist.

Results

Two Ea and one De implants failed to osseointegrate. Twenty‐eight patients (13 Ea and 15 De) who attended all four control visits were included in the data analysis. Complete papilla fill interproximally was achieved in one‐third of the cases and an appropriate clinical crown height in <60% after 10 years. Although not statistically significant, early‐placed implants tended to be superior to delayed‐placed implants regarding soft tissue appearance just after crown delivery and after 10 years. An improvement in papilla dimensions was seen during the follow‐up period for both groups while the CCH was unchanged. The implant region (anterior vs. posterior) did not significantly influence the papilla or CCH scores while younger patients (<50 years of age) received significantly better papilla scores than older patients (≥50 years). An apically located bone level at the tooth neighboring the implant influenced negatively the papilla dimension. In contrast, the presence of a bone defect buccally to the implant at second‐stage surgery did not have a negative impact on the CCH 10 years after implant placement.

Conclusion

Early placement of single‐tooth implants after tooth extraction performed equally to delayed placement in regard to the esthetic outcome of the soft tissues after 10 years in function.
New 3D technologies applied to assess the long‐term clinical effects of misfit of the full jaw fixed prosthesis on dental implants
Authors: Jokstad Asbjørn , Shokati Babak
Published: September 2014

Objectives

To assess implant:suprastructure misfit in patients with an edentulous jaw restored by an implant‐retained fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) and its association with biologic and mechanical adverse events over an extensive period.

Material and methods

Thirty patients with an edentulous mandible treated with implant‐supported prosthetics before 2000 were examined clinically in 2012. Each patient had received 4 to 6 implants to retain a FDP made from acrylic and three different metal alloys, that is, Ag‐Pd, Pd‐Ag, and Au type IV. The implant intra‐oral locations were recorded digitally by use of an intra‐oral scanner, and the intaglio surface of the detached FDP was recorded using a desktop scanner. The fit was estimated by digital matching of the STL files using industrial metrological software. The average misfit was correlated with the average marginal bone loss and the prevalence of screw loosening or fractures, using the patient as the statistical unit.

Results

Over an average of 19 years (range 12 to 32), 5 implants had been lost in 4 participants (96.7% implant survival) and 8 eight prostheses (26.7%) had been remade. Anaverage misfit was 150 μm (SD 35, range 95–232, CI 138–163). An average marginal bone loss of 2.2 mm (SD = 0.7) had occurred (range 0.6 to 5.8 mm) for individual implants. The correlation between framework misfit and marginal bone loss was weak (R² = 0.04) (P = 0.29). The prostheses with a history of screw‐related adverse events showed average misfit of 169 μm (SD = 32) vs. those with no history of screw‐related adverse events, that is, 134 μm (SD = 30) (P = 0.005, Student's t‐test). Fourteen of the 30 participants had experienced at least one incidence of screw loosening or fracture of prosthetic or abutment screw(s) over the period of follow‐up. The occurrence among the frameworks fabricated with different metal alloys did not differ (P > 0.05, Fisher's exact test).

Conclusions

Combining STL files with best‐fit algorithms to appraise misfit is feasible using metrological software. The effect of misfit between the superstructures on its supporting implants up to ~230 μm on the long‐term clinical outcomes appears to be minor, apart from a slightly higher risk of screw‐related adverse events.
Xeroderma pigmentosum: diagnostisches Vorgehen, interdisziplinäre Patientenversorgung und neue Therapieansätze
Authors: Lehmann Janin , Schubert Steffen , Emmert Steffen
Published: September 2014

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) ist eine autosomal‐rezessiv vererbte Erkrankung, welche durch einen Defekt in der Nukleotid‐Exzisions‐Reparatur oder der transläsionalen DNA‐Synthese gekennzeichnet ist. Bereits mit acht Jahren entwickeln Patienten, die an XP leiden, aufgrund ihres DNA‐Reparaturdefekts den ersten Hautkrebs. Dies steht im Gegensatz zur mitteleuropäischen Allgemeinbevölkerung, bei der die ersten Hauttumoren in UV‐exponierten Hautarealen mit durchschnittlich 60 Jahren auftreten. Das klinische Bild von Patienten mit XP ist hochgradig divers und schließt Zeichen der vorzeitigen Hautalterung, alle Arten UV‐induzierter Hauttumoren, ophthalmologische und neurologische Symptome ein. Betroffene sollten daher interdisziplinär von verschiedenen Fachbereichen gleichzeitig betreut werden. Dies umfasst die Dermatologie, Augenheilkunde, Hals‐, Nasen‐ und Ohrenheilkunde, die Neurologie sowie die Humangenetik. Die Diagnose XP wird klinisch gestellt und kann durch molekular‐genetische und funktionelle Untersuchungen unterstützt werden. So wird der krankheitsauslösende Gendefekt (Komplementationsgruppe und Art und Lage der Mutation[en]) exakt bestimmt. Dies ist bereits heute für die Abschätzung des weiteren Krankheitsverlaufes relevant und wird in der Zukunft wohl auch für eine individualisierte Behandlung bedeutsam. Kürzlich konnte gezeigt werden, dass bestimmte Antibiotika Stop‐Kodon‐Mutationen im XPC‐Gen überkommen können und resultierendes Volllängen‐XPC‐Protein die zelluläre Reparaturfunktion deutlich erhöht.
Skin disorders in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gkogkolou Paraskevi , Böhm Markus
Published: September 2014

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in industrialized Western countries with about 300 million affected patients worldwide. The hyperglycemic state of diabetes mellitus leads to changes in almost every human cell type and organ. Skin changes are considered the most common manifestations of diabetes mellitus. As skin changes can manifest before onset of diabetes mellitus, they may have a diagnostic relevance. Other cutaneous manifestations develop during the course of diabetes mellitus and may be associated with complications in internal organs or may occur as an adverse effect of antidiabetic therapy. In particular, the presence of the diabetic foot syndrome is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality of diabetes patients as well as with markedly elevated direct and indirect costs for the health care system. In this article the most common skin diseases of patients with diabetes mellitus as well as their pathophysiology and current treatment are reviewed.
The role of human 6‐sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells (slanDCs) in autoimmunity and tumor diseases
Authors: Döbel Thomas , Schäkel Knut
Published: September 2014

Dendritic cells play a central role in the regulation of immunological reactivity. The existence of functionally specialized populations of dendritic cells in the skin is a consequence of qualitatively different attacks on our organism. slanDCs are human inflammatory dendritic cells that are characterized by the specific expression of the carbohydrate 6‐sulfo LacNAc (slan). After phenotypic maturation, slanDCs are capable of producing very high amounts of proinflammatory mediators such as IL‐12, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐23. Recent data describe a potential role of slanDCs in a number of different diseases like psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, and tumors, thus opening up new areas of research on their respective pathogenesis. Furthermore, a slanDC‐specific targeting system has been developed as a basis for direct therapeutic manipulation. Future challenges of slanDC research include deepening our understanding of the significance of slanDCs in the regulation of adaptive and innate immune responses, as well as translating this knowledge into therapeutic options.
Seafood allergy in cooks: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Dickel Heinrich , Bruckner Thomas , Altmeyer Peter , Künzlberger Beate
Published: September 2014

Background

Seafood is a very potent allergen. Epidemiological studies of seafood allergy in the highly exposed cooking profession are lacking. The objective of this first case series was to demonstrate the high relevance and consequences of seafood allergy in cooks.

Patients und Methods

Retrospective analysis of all the case files sent in which the presence of an occupational disease according to no. 5101 of the appendix of the German ordinance on industrial disease was to be clarified.

Results

Thirty cooks (men 70 %) with an occupational seafood allergy were assessed between January 2008 and April 2014. Seafood allergy was observed in young workers (median age 24.7 yrs.) with an early manifestation of the disease (after median employment time of 1.7 years). In all except one (96.7 %) onset was localized on the hands. Most commonly documented were immediate sensitizations to cod, salmon, trout, and herring. Emergency treatment due to an anaphylactic shock at the workplace became necessary in 5 cases (16.7 %). In 27 cases (90 %) discontinuation of occupation was needed and occurred after a median job period of 6.3 years.

Conclusions

Seafood allergy in cooks is mostly characterized by a quick progressive course of disease, generally at the start of the cooking career. The prognosis for continuance in occupation is poor and an occupational disease must be considered at an early stage. An emergency kit with an epinephrine auto‐injector should be provided for life by the responsible accident insurer.
Influence of diabetes mellitus on tissue response to MTA and its ability to stimulate mineralization
Authors: Gomes‐Filho João Eduardo , de Azevedo Queiroz Índia Olinta , Watanabe Simone , da Silva Santos Ludmilla Mota , Lodi Carolina Simonetti , Okamoto Robertta , Ervolino Edilson , Dezan Elói , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo
Published: September 2014

Aim

To evaluate the influence of diabetes mellitus on the tissue response to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and its ability to stimulate mineralization.

Methods

Twenty‐four male Wistar rats were divided into a non‐diabetic control group and another with Alloxan‐induced diabetes. Two polyethylene tubes, one kept empty as a control and the other containing Angelus MTA®, were implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of all rats for 30 days. Animals in each group received injections of calcein, alizarin, and oxytetracycline on day 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Animals were killed after 30 days; specimens were prepared by staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and von Kossa technique as well as for examination of unstained sections with polarized light and fluorescence microscopy.

Results

The inflammatory reaction to the implanted tubes was equally mild in both groups. Structures staining with von Kossa were seen in response to Angelus MTA®, as were birefringent structures visualized on polarized light analysis; these had no relation to diabetic condition (P < 0.05). Fluorescence intensity was not changed in diabetic rats either (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Diabetes mellitus did not influence the tissue response to Angelus MTA® or the mineralization stimulated by it.
Treatment patterns and short‐term outcomes in an early intervention youth mental health service
Authors: Cross Shane P.M. , Hermens Daniel F. , Hickie Ian B.
Published: September 2014

Aim

Early intervention mental health services tailored for young people are being developed across the world, yet reports on service use patterns and short‐term clinical outcomes for the clinically diverse group accessing these services are very limited. The current study employed the clinical staging model to examine whether young people within the two clinical stages that precede full‐threshold disorder (stage 1a and stage 1b) differed in terms of treatments received and short‐term symptomatic and functional outcomes.

Methods

Eight hundred ninety young people aged 12–25 years seeking mental healthcare within a 12‐month period were analysed in this study.

Results

Attenuated syndrome (stage 1b) patients used significantly more services than help‐seeking (stage 1a) patients, including significantly higher rates of psychotropic medication prescription (9.3% vs. 43.6%). Stage 1a patients started with significantly lower levels of psychological distress and significantly higher levels of functioning at service entry and showed improvement only in psychological distress over 10 sessions. Despite using significantly more services, stage 1b patients remained impaired on both measures after 10 sessions; however, they showed some modest improvements in their levels of psychological distress and functioning over this time.

Conclusion

Patients with attenuated syndromes have treatment patterns and clinical outcomes not dissimilar to those with more severe mental disorders and therefore require more intensive interventions provided over a longer time period in order to achieve recovery. The staging model allows services to selectively allocate their limited resources towards those patients with greater care needs. More research into the unique treatment needs and longer term outcomes of this diverse patient group is supported.
Quantitative genetic parameters of agronomic and quality traits in a global germplasm collection reveal excellent breeding perspectives for Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Martin Matthias , Montes Juan M.
Published: September 2014

Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) is an undomesticated plant, which has received great attention in recent years for its potential in biofuel production and in greening and rehabilitation of wastelands. Yet the absence of improved cultivars and the lack of agronomic knowledge are limiting factors for successful jatropha cultivation. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the perspectives of a worldwide jatropha breeding program and specifically to (i) estimate variance components and heritabilities for agronomic and quality traits in the early phase of cultivation; (ii) assess phenotypic and genetic correlations among those traits; and (iii) discuss strategies for breeding high yielding jatropha cultivars. Data on various traits was collected from 375 jatropha genotypes, which were tested at seven locations during the first 3 years of growth. The accumulated seed yields and the seed yields per harvest year differed significantly among the testing locations. The estimates of genetic and genotype‐by‐environment interaction variances were significant and estimates of heritabilities were high for all yield parameters. The estimates of genetic correlations indicated a strong association among yield parameters. Oil yield was strongly correlated with seed yield and only weakly with oil content in seeds. The perspectives of a jatropha breeding program are excellent. Improved cultivars, definition of favorable environmental factors and refinement of agronomic management practices are needed to secure sustainable jatropha cultivation.
Quantitative Characterization of Mechanical Stress Field and Fracture Strength in Isotropic Brittle Materials During Crack Tip Propagation
Authors: Dugnani Roberto , Zednik Ricardo J.
Published: September 2014

A generalized method for characterizing mechanical stresses in brittle materials during crack tip propagation is presented. This approach was derived from classical fracture mechanics and is therefore mechanism independent and applies to any isotropic brittle material, including glasses, fine grained ceramics or metals, and high stiffness polymers. A practical implementation demonstrates the merits of this technique: the fracture strength can be determined by characterizing the angle between the free surface of a flexural overload fracture and stress intensity factor loci. The accuracy of this method was phenomenologically validated using flexural strength tests on glass as a model material system. In addition, such fractographic measurements can also be used to characterize an inhomogeneous internal stress field, and thereby, for example, help discriminate whether the sample failed due to pure bending loads alone, or whether membrane stresses were also present.
Structural Behavior of Ba1.24Al2.48Ti5.52O16 Hollandite at High Temperature: An In Situ Neutron Diffraction Study
Authors: Xu Hongwu , Costa Gustavo C. C. , Stanek Christopher R. , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: September 2014

Titanate hollandites comprise a class of potential waste form phases for immobilization of radioactive Cs (and its daughter product Ba) due to their high thermal and aqueous stability. To study their structural behavior at high temperature, we conducted in situ neutron diffraction experiments of a representative tetragonal phase, Ba1.24Al2.48Ti5.52O16, in the temperature range 300–1173 K. Rietveld analyses of the obtained data show that on heating, unit‐cell parameters a and c increase at similar rates. This isotropic nature of thermal expansion can be explained by the increased volume and regularity of [(Ti,Al)O6] octahedra and the widening of the Ti/Al‐O2‐Ti/Al angle (O2 is corner‐shared by two [(Ti,Al)O6] octahedra from neighboring [(Ti,Al)O6] double chains) with increasing temperature. Practically, this property is advantageous, as hollandite‐based ceramic or composite products would, upon heating, be less likely to form microcracks. The amplitudes of thermal vibration for Ba, Ti/Al, and O increase with increasing temperature; however, the rate of increase for Ba is much larger. This behavior is due to the occupancy of the box‐shaped cavity site by Ba, which has weaker interactions with its neighboring atoms, compared with those for framework Ti/Al and O. On the other hand, the opening of the oxygen‐coordinated cavity box is smaller than the size of Ba, even at high temperature, preventing evaporation of Ba from the hollandite structure. These characteristics render titanate hollandites potentially robust waste forms for Cs/Ba.
Sex pheromone of the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a pest of spruce cones
Authors: Wang H. L. , Svensson G. P. , Jakobsson J. , Jirle E. V. , Rosenberg O. , Francke W. , Anderbrant O. , Millar J. G. , Löfstedt C.
Published: September 2014

The sex pheromone of the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria Götze, an important cone‐feeding pest in spruce seed orchards in Europe, was investigated. Chemical and electrophysiological analyses of pheromone gland extracts of female moths and analogous analyses of synthetic hydrocarbons and epoxides of chain length C19 and C21 revealed (3Z,6Z,9Z)‐3,6,9‐nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z‐19:H) and 3Z,6Z‐cis‐9,10‐epoxynonadecadiene (3Z,6Z‐cis‐9,10‐epoxy‐19:H) as candidate pheromone components, which were found in a gland extract in a ratio of 95 : 5. In field trapping experiments, conspecific males were only attracted to a combination of 3Z,6Z,9Z‐19:H and the (9S,10R)‐enantiomer of 3Z,6Z‐cis‐9,10‐epoxy‐19:H. The (9R,10S)‐enantiomer was not attractive, which is in agreement with studies on other Eupithecia species, for which males have only been attracted by the (9S,10R)‐enantiomer of epoxides. Subsequent experiments showed that E. abietaria males were attracted to a wide range of ratios of the two active compounds and that trap catches increased with increasing dose of the binary blend. A two‐component bait containing 300 μg 3Z,6Z,9Z‐19:H and 33 μg of the (9S,10R)‐enantiomer of 3Z,6Z‐cis‐9,10‐epoxy‐19:H was efficient for monitoring E. abietaria in spruce seed orchards in southern Sweden, where this species has probably been overlooked as an important pest in the past. With sex pheromones recently identified for two other moths that are major pests on spruce cones, the spruce seed moth, Cydia strobilella L., and the spruce coneworm, Dioryctria abietella Denis & Schiffermüller, pheromone‐based monitoring can now be achieved for the whole guild of cone‐feeding moths in European spruce seed orchards.
Trophic interactions between native and introduced fish species in a littoral fish community
Authors: Monroy M. , Maceda‐Veiga A. , Caiola N. , De Sostoa A.
Published: September 2014

The trophic interactions between 15 native and two introduced fish species, silverside Odontesthes bonariensis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, collected in a major fishery area at Lake Titicaca were explored by integrating traditional ecological knowledge and stable‐isotope analyses (SIA). SIA suggested the existence of six trophic groups in this fish community based on δ13C and δ15N signatures. This was supported by ecological evidence illustrating marked spatial segregation between groups, but a similar trophic level for most of the native groups. Based on Bayesian ellipse analyses, niche overlap appeared to occur between small O. bonariensis (<90 mm) and benthopelagic native species (31·6%), and between the native pelagic killifish Orestias ispi and large O. bonariensis (39%) or O. mykiss (19·7%). In addition, Bayesian mixing models suggested that O. ispi and epipelagic species are likely to be the main prey items for the two introduced fish species. This study reveals a trophic link between native and introduced fish species, and demonstrates the utility of combining both SIA and traditional ecological knowledge to understand trophic relationships between fish species with similar feeding habits.