bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2′‐Aminobenzothiazolo‐Arylmethyl‐2‐Naphthols Catalyzed by NBS under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Li Wei Lin , Wang Li Li , Luo Qiu Yan
Published: May 2013

To develop a new facile protocol for the synthesis of 2′‐aminobenzothiazolo‐arylmethyl‐2‐naphthol derivatives, N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) was used as an efficient catalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of 2′‐aminobenzothiazolo‐arylmethyl‐2‐naphthols in excellent yields from β‐naphthol (1 mmol), aromatic aldehydes (1 mmol), and 2‐aminobenzothiazole (1 mmol) at 60°C under solvent‐free conditions.
Delayed Onset Malignant Hyperthermia after Sevoflurane
Authors: Turhan K. Sanem Cakar , Baytaş Volkan , Batislam Yeşim , Özatamer Oya
Published: May 2013

Malignant hyperthermia is a hypermetabolic response to inhalation agents (such as halothane, sevoflurane, and desflurane), succinylcholine, vigorous exercise, and heat. Reactions develop more frequently in males than females (2 : 1). The classical signs of malignant hyperthermia are hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, increased carbon dioxide production, increased oxygen consumption, acidosis, muscle rigidity and rhabdomyolysis. In this case report, we present a case of delayed onset malignant hyperthermia-like reaction after the second exposure to sevoflurane.
State of Art of Solar Photovoltaic Technology
Authors: Gangopadhyay Utpal , Jana Sukhendu , Das Sayan
Published: May 2013

Solar electricity is more expensive than that produced by traditional sources. But over the past two decades, the cost gap has been closing. Solar photovoltaic (SPV) technology has emerged as a useful power source of applications such as lightning, meeting the electricity needs of villages, hospitals, telecommunications, and houses. The long and increasing dominance of crystalline silicon in photovoltaic (PV) market is perhaps surprising given the wide variety of materials capable of producing the photovoltaic effect. PV based on silicon wafers has captured more than 90% market share because it is more reliable and generally more efficient than competing technologies. The crystalline silicon PV is reliable as far as long term stability in real field but it is not economically viable due to starting material silicon itself costly. But still, research continues on developing a diverse set of alternative photovoltaic technology. Now PV technology is being increasingly recognized as a part of the solution to the growing energy challenge and an essential component of future global energy production. In this paper, we give a brief review about PV technology particularly crystalline silicon PV including the world and Indian PV scenarios.
Supercritical Assisted Atomization: Polyvinylpyrrolidone as Carrier for Drugs with Poor Solubility in Water
Authors: Liparoti Sara , Adami Renata , Caputo Giuseppe , Reverchon Ernesto
Published: May 2013

Supercritical assisted atomization (SAA) is an efficient technique to produce microparticles and composite microspheres formed by polymers and pharmaceutical compounds. In this work polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was proposed as carrier for pharmaceutical compounds that show a poor solubility in water medium. Indeed, this polymer is hydrosoluble and can be generally used to enhance the dissolution rate of hydrophobic compounds when finely dispersed in it. However, it is difficult to obtain coprecipitates with a uniform dispersion of the active molecule using other micronization techniques. The experiments were performed using ethanol as solvent; SAA plant was operated at 40°C and 76 bar in the saturator and 70°C and 1.6 bar in the precipitator. Three different dexamethasone/polymer weight ratios were selected: 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8. Produced composite particles showed a regular, spherical shape and a mean diameter ranging from about 0.8 to 1 μm, depending on the polymer/drug weight ratio. Dissolution analysis demonstrated that microparticles containing a lower drug amount show a higher dissolution rate.
An Analytical Method for Evaluating the Dynamic Response of Plates Subjected to Underwater Shock Employing Mindlin Plate Theory and Laplace Transforms
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Liang Xu , Liu Guohua
Published: May 2013

It is often in the interest of a designer to know the transient state of stress in a plate subjected to an underwater explosion. In this paper, an analytical method based on Taylor’s fluid-solid interaction (FSI) model, Mindlin plate theory, Laplace transform, and its inversion is proposed to examine the elastic dynamic response of a plate subjected to an underwater explosion. This analytical method includes shear deformation, the moments and membrane stress in the plate, and the FSI effect and considers a full profile of possibilities. The results of the response-time histories and the response distribution on the plate in terms of displacements and stresses from the analytical method are compared with finite element analysis (FEA) to validate this method, and the comparison indicates good agreement. Comparison of the acceleration at the center of an air-backed plate between the analytical method and the experiment from relevant literature, shows good agreements, and the analytical method and its FSI model are validated. The influence of the FSI is investigated in detail. All extreme values of the response-time histories decrease as the thickness increases for the non-FSI case. The results can be used as benchmark solutions in further research.
Improving the Body Area Line-of-Sight Density Model: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Zhiya , Yang Shuyuan , Abbasi Qammer Hussain , Zhao Wei
Published: May 2013

The statistical model plays an important role in BAN radio propagation characterization. However, a traditional least-square statistical model is not necessarily the best choice when only limited samples can be collected. This paper proposes the method for improving the density model in BAN radio propagation characterization; the final PDF result validates the correctness of the method.
On the Long-Range Dependence of Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Li Ming
Published: May 2013

This paper clarifies that the fractional Brownian motion,BH(t), is of long-range dependence (LRD) for the Hurst parameter0<H<1exceptH=1/2. In addition, we note that the fractional Brownian motion is positively correlated for0<H<1exceptH=1/2. Moreover, we present a theorem to state that the differential or integral of a random function,X(t), may substantially change the statistical dependence ofX(t). One example is that the differential ofBH(t), in the domain of generalized functions, changes the LRD ofBH(t)to be of short-range dependence (SRD) when0<H<0.5.
A Novel Tetrapeptide Derivative Exhibits In Vitro Inhibition of Neutrophil-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species and Lysosomal Enzymes Release
Authors: Miriyala Sumitra , Panchatcharam Manikandan , Ramanujam Meera , Puvanakrishnan Rengarajulu
Published: May 2013

Neutrophil infiltration plays a major role in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury. Oxidative injury is suggested to be a central mechanism of the cellular damage after acute myocardial infarction. This study is pertained to the prognostic role of a tetrapeptide derivative PEP1261 (BOC-Lys(BOC)-Arg-Asp-Ser(tBu)-OtBU), a peptide sequence (39–42) of lactoferrin, studied in the modulation of neutrophil functions in vitro by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lysosomal enzymes release, and enhanced expression of C proteins. The groundwork experimentation was concerned with the isolation of neutrophils from the normal and acute myocardial infarct rats to find out the efficacy of PEP1261 in the presence of a powerful neutrophil stimulant, phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA). Stimulation of neutrophils with PMA resulted in an oxidative burst of superoxide anion and enhanced release of lysosomal enzymes and expression of complement proteins. The present study further demonstrated that the free radicals increase the complement factors in the neutrophils confirming the role of ROS. PEP1261 treatment significantly reduced the levels of superoxide anion and inhibited the release of lysosomal enzymes in the stimulated control and infarct rat neutrophils. This study demonstrated that PEP1261 significantly inhibited the effect on the ROS generation as well as the mRNA synthesis and expression of the complement factors in neutrophils isolated from infarct heart.
Temporal Change in Fur Color in Museum Specimens of Mammals: Reddish-Brown Species Get Redder with Storage Time
Authors: Davis Andrew K. , Woodall Natalie , Moskowitz Jake P. , Castleberry Nikole , Freeman Byron J.
Published: May 2013

Museum collections have great value for zoological research, but despite careful preservation, over time specimens can show subtle changes in color. We examined the effect of storage time on fur color of two reddish-brown species, golden mice (Ochrotomys nuttalli) and eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus). Using image analysis, we obtained color data (hue, saturation, and density) on 91 golden mice and 49 chipmunks from Georgia, USA. Analyses that considered body size, gender, and collection year showed significant effects of year on fur color of golden mice (hue and saturation) and of agouti color of chipmunks. Older specimens tended to be redder in color than newer specimens, consistent with a prior study of red bats (Lasiurus borealis). Hair samples showed reddening of fine body hairs, but not in thicker guard hairs. There was no temporal change in black or white stripe color in chipmunks, indicating that this temporal effect would be limited to species with reddish-brown fur. This effect may be caused by breakdown of eumelanin pigments (which make dark colors) over time, leaving a greater proportion of pheomelanin pigments (which make red colors). These results show that storage time needs to be considered in research projects where fur color is of importance.
Primary Dural Repair in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Authors: Haque Raqeeb M. , Hashmi Sohaib Z. , Ahmed Yousef , Uddin Omar , Ogden Alfred T. , Fessler Richard
Published: May 2013

We describe an effective surgical technique in primary repair of the spinal dura during minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS).Objective. Minimally invasive spine surgery includes the treatment of intradural lesions, and proper closure of the dura is necessary. However, primary dural closure can be difficult due to the restricted space of MIS retractors and the availability of appropriate surgical instrumentation.Methods. We describe the use of a needle already used in the pediatric neurosurgical arena that can facilitate easier and safer closure of spinal dura through MISS retractors in two illustrative intradural cases.Results and Discussion. The primary dural closure technique is described and patient demographics are included. The instruments specifically used for the intradural closure through MIS retractor systems include (1) 4-0 Surgilon braided nylon (Covidien, Dublin, Ireland) with a CV-20 taper 1/2 circle, 10 mm diameter needle; (2) Scanlan (Saint Paul, MN, USA) dura closure set.Conclusion. Successful primary dural repair can be performed on primary and incidental durotomies during minimally invasive spinal surgery. We describe the novel use of a 10 mm diameter needle to help surgeons safely and efficiently close the dura with more ease than previously described.
On the Geometry of the Unit Ball of aJB*-Triple
Authors: Tahlawi Haifa M. , Siddiqui Akhlaq A. , Jamjoom Fatmah B.
Published: May 2013

We explore aJB*-triple analogue of the notion of quasi invertible elements, originally studied by Brown and Pedersen in the setting ofC*-algebras. This class of BP-quasi invertible elements properly includes all invertible elements and all extreme points of the unit ball and is properly included in von Neumann regular elements in aJB*-triple; this indicates their structural richness. We initiate a study of the unit ball of aJB*-triple investigating some structural properties of the BP-quasi invertible elements; here and in sequent papers, we show that various results on unitary convex decompositions and regular approximations can be extended to the setting of BP-quasi invertible elements. SomeC*-algebra andJB*-algebra results, due to Kadison and Pedersen, Rørdam, Brown, Wright and Youngson, and Siddiqui, including the Russo-Dye theorem, are extended toJB*-triples.
Effects of IAA, IBA, NAA, and GA3 on Rooting and Morphological Features of Melissa officinalis L. Stem Cuttings
Authors: Sevik Hakan , Guney Kerim
Published: May 2013

This study analyzed the potential of producing Melissa officinalis L. using stem cuttings. Four different hormones (IAA, IBA, NAA, and GA3) were applied to the cuttings, with and without buds, in two doses (1000 mg/L and 5000 mg/L), and after 60 days, 10 morphological characteristics of newly generated plants were detected, and a statistical analysis was carried out. The results of the study show that the cuttings with at least one bud must be used in order to produce M. officinalis using stem cuttings. Even though the auxin group hormones (IAA, IBA, and NAA) do not have an apparent effect on rooting percentage, these hormones were detected to affect the morphological characteristics of the newly generated plants, especially root generation. GA3 application has a considerable effect on stem height.
The Efficacy Study on Si Ni San Freeze-Dried Powder on Sleep Phase in Insomniac and Normal Rats
Authors: Li Yuefeng , Liu Angguo , Wang Ying , Yan Xingke
Published: May 2013

Objectives. To investigate the effect of Si Ni San freeze-dried powder (SNSP) on sleep phase in insomniac and normal rats, to identify its mode of action in improving sleep, and to provide a reliable method for determining pharmacodynamic material basis of Si-Ni-San on improving sleep.Methods. Rats were deprived of sleep by using the footplate electrical stimulator to record the rats' electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) by using polysomnography (PSG) and copy insomnia model by the method of electric stimulation. Analysis on EEG and EMG was carried out to observe the effects of SNSP on the sleep phase of insomniac and normal rats.Results. Rats were treated by intragastric administration (i.g.) consecutively for seven days. The results showed that the total sleep time was extended; meanwhile, SWS2 (P<0.01) and REMS (P<0.05) were mainly prolonged for both insomniac and normal rats. The dates implied SNSP could significantly improve sleep.Conclusions. SNSP could prolong SWS2 and REMS, the experimental reproducibility is good, and the dates indicate that SNSP has the sedative function. Study on the effects of SNSP on sleep phases provided a basis for the further studies on effective constituents and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of SNSP.
Bilateral Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Breast: A Very Rare Entity and Review of the Literature
Authors: Majid N. , Amrani M. , Ghissassi I. , El Cadi M. , El Bouzidi M. , El Kabous M. , Kherbach A. , Errihani H.
Published: May 2013

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are rare malignant tumors, affecting mostly children and adolescents and have been described in breast in eight case reports only. In this paper, we present a case of bilateral mammary ES/PNET where distinction between primary and metastatic diseases was discussed through a literature review. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that although rare, the possibility of PNET should be kept in mind while evaluating a palpable breast abnormality in a young female.
Performance of Combined Water Turbine with Semielliptic Section of the Savonius Rotor
Authors: Sahim Kaprawi , Santoso Dyos , Radentan Agus
Published: May 2013

The Darrieus turbine is a suitable power generation in free stream flow because it is simple in construction, but it has the disadvantage of its small starting torque. The Savonius turbine has a high starting torque but the efficiency is smaller than that of Darrieus turbine. To improve the starting torque of Darrieus turbine, the Savonius buckets are introduced into the Darrieus turbine and the combined turbine is called Darrieus-Savonius turbine. In this study, three semielliptic sections of aspect ratio 0.8 were used for Savonius bucket while the Darrieus blade used three wings of airfoil NACA 0015. The Darrieus-Savonius turbine’s performances were studied experimentally in an irrigation canal of South Sumatera, Indonesia. The results show that the distance of Savonius buckets from the shaft centre influences performance of combined turbine, and the attachment angle of Savonius rotor made important variation of turbine performance.
Analysis of the Natural Convection Flow in the Upper Plenum of the MONJU Reactor with Trio_U
Authors: Bieder Ulrich , Fauchet Gauthier
Published: May 2013

The IAEA has coordinated a benchmark project on natural convection phenomena in the upper plenum of the MONJU reactor. JAEA has provided both detailed geometrical data of the plant and complete thermalhydraulic boundary conditions describing a pump trip transient, accomplished during the start-up experiments of the reactor. For the initial conditions of the pump trip transient, extensive sensitivity analyses have been made with the CFD code Trio_U. These calculations show a high sensitivity of the global flow pattern in the MONJU upper plenum depending on the initial order of the numerical scheme and the modelling of the geometrically complex upper core structure. During the pump trip, the formation of a thermal stratification within the plenum has been observed which persists for almost two hours. All calculations have shown a homogenization of the temperature in the plenum after about 15 minutes. A slight reduction of the mixing in the upper plenum could have been achieved by modifying the form of the flow holes in the inner barrel (fillets instead of sharp edges) in order to reduce their axial pressure loss.
Cancer Research Advocacy: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Perlmutter Jane , Bell Shannon K. , Darien Gwen
Published: May 2013

In this article, we present a brief history of cancer advocacy and discuss the variety of ways advocates have become involved in cancer research and subsequently present principles that establish a framework for successful research advocacy based on a review of many early initiatives coupled with our knowledge as long-time cancer advocates. Challenges to effective advocacy are described, and recommendations for increasing meaningful contributions by research advocates are proposed. The purpose of this article is to discuss the exciting field of research advocacy and to help shape a more productive future for advocates and their scientific collaborators. Cancer Res; 73(15); 4611–5. ©2013 AACR.
O-GlcNAc Transferase Integrates Metabolic Pathways to Regulate the Stability of c-MYC in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Itkonen Harri M. , Minner Sarah , Guldvik Ingrid J. , Sandmann Mareike Julia , Tsourlakis Maria Christina , Berge Viktor , Svindland Aud , Schlomm Thorsten , Mills Ian G.
Published: May 2013

Metabolic disruptions that occur widely in cancers offer an attractive focus for generalized treatment strategies. The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) senses metabolic status and produces an essential substrate for O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), which glycosylates and thereby modulates the function of its target proteins. Here, we report that the HBP is activated in prostate cancer cells and that OGT is a central regulator of c-Myc stability in this setting. HBP genes were overexpressed in human prostate cancers and androgen regulated in cultured human cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of human specimens (n = 1987) established that OGT is upregulated at the protein level and that its expression correlates with high Gleason score, pT and pN stages, and biochemical recurrence. RNA interference–mediated siliencing or pharmacologic inhibition of OGT was sufficient to decrease prostate cancer cell growth. Microarray profiling showed that the principal effects of OGT inhibition in prostate cancer cells were related to cell-cycle progression and DNA replication. In particular, c-MYC was identified as a candidate upstream regulator of OGT target genes and OGT inhibition elicited a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of c-MYC protein but not c-MYC mRNA in cell lines. Supporting this relationship, expression of c-MYC and OGT was tightly correlated in human prostate cancer samples (n = 1306). Our findings identify HBP as a modulator of prostate cancer growth and c-MYC as a key target of OGT function in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res; 73(16); 5277–87. ©2013 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: ROS1 Fusion Proteins in Cancer
Authors: Davies Kurtis D. , Doebele Robert C.
Published: May 2013

Genetic alterations that lead to constitutive activation of kinases are frequently observed in cancer. In many cases, the growth and survival of tumor cells rely upon an activated kinase such that inhibition of its activity is an effective anticancer therapy. ROS1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has recently been shown to undergo genetic rearrangements in a variety of human cancers, including glioblastoma, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, angiosarcoma, and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. These rearrangements create fusion proteins in which the kinase domain of ROS1 becomes constitutively active and drives cellular proliferation. Targeting ROS1 fusion proteins with the small-molecule inhibitor crizotinib is showing promise as an effective therapy in patients with NSCLC whose tumors are positive for these genetic abnormalities. This review discusses the recent preclinical and clinical findings on ROS1 gene fusions in cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(15); 4040–5. ©2013 AACR.
Evaluation of Midkine as a Diagnostic Serum Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Wen-Wei , Guo Jia-Jian , Guo Lei , Jia Hu-Liang , Zhu Ming , Zhang Ju-Bo , Loffredo Christopher A. , Forgues Marshonna , Huang Hua , Xing Xu-Jian , Ren Ning , Dong Qiong-Zhu , Zhou Hai-Jun , Ren Zheng-Gang , Zhao Nai-Qing , Wang Xin Wei , Tang Zhao-You , Qin Lun-Xiu , Ye Qing-Hai
Published: May 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the value of serum midkine (MDK) as a diagnostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly for those with negative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and at an early stage.

Experimental Design: MDK expression in tumors was assessed by immunohistochemistry from 105 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas or liver cirrhosis. Serum MDK levels were detected by ELISA in 933 participants including hepatocellular carcinomas and hospital controls from different medical centers. Sensitivities and specificities of serum MDK in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma according to AFP level and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage were analyzed.

Results: MDK levels were significantly elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues as well as serum samples. The sensitivity of serum MDK for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis was much higher than that of AFP (86.9% vs. 51.9%) with similar specificities (83.9% vs. 86.3%). Notably, serum MDK had an outstanding performance in distinguishing AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinomas from different controls: In those AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinomas, the sensitivity could reach as high as 89.2%. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis also showed that serum MDK had a better performance compared with AFP in distinguishing early-stage hepatocellular carcinomas as well as small hepatocellular carcinomas. Even in very early-stage hepatocellular carcinomas, MDK showed an obviously higher sensitivity compared with AFP (80% vs. 40%). Furthermore, serum MDK level was significantly decreased in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas after curative resection and re-elevated when tumor relapse occurred.

Conclusions: Serum MDK is significantly elevated in most hepatocellular carcinomas, including those with negative AFP and at an early stage, which may serve as a novel diagnostic marker in early diagnosis and postoperative monitoring of hepatocellular carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3944–54. ©2013 AACR.
Nanoparticles Engineered with Rituximab and Loaded with Nutlin-3 Show Promising Therapeutic Activity in B-Leukemic Xenografts
Authors: Voltan Rebecca , Secchiero Paola , Ruozi Barbara , Forni Flavio , Agostinis Chiara , Caruso Lorenzo , Vandelli Maria Angela , Zauli Giorgio
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Because the nongenotoxic inhibitor of the p53/MDM2 interactions Nutlin-3 has shown promising in vitro therapeutic activity against a variety of p53wild-type cancer cells, in this study we evaluated an innovative strategy able to specifically target Nutlin-3 toward CD20+ malignant cells.

Experimental Design: The cytotoxic effects of Nutlin-3 encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NP-Nut) and into rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody)-engineered NP (NP-Rt-Nut) as well as of NPs engineered with rituximab alone (NP-Rt) were initially analyzed in vitro in JVM-2 B-leukemic cells, by assessing both the functional activation of the p53 pathway (by Nutlin-3) and/or the activation of the complement cascade (by rituximab). Moreover, the potential therapeutic efficacy of NP-Nut, NP-Rt, and NP-Rt-Nut were comparatively assessed in vivo in CD20+ JVM-2 leukemic xenograft SCID mice.

Results: Functional in vitro assays showed that NP-Nut and NP-Rt-Nut exhibited a comparable ability to activate the p53 pathway in the p53wild-type JVM-2 leukemic cells. On the other hand, NP-Rt and NP-Rt-Nut, but not NP nor NP-Nut, were able to promote activation of the complement cascade. Of note, the in vivo intratumoral injection in JVM-2 B-leukemic/xenograft mice showed that NP-Rt-Nut displayed the maximal therapeutic activity promoting a survival rate significantly higher not only with respect to control animals, treated either with vehicle or with empty NP, but also with respect to animals treated with NP-Nut or NP-Rt.

Conclusions: Our data show for the first time the potential antileukemic activity of rituximab-engineered Nutlin-3–loaded NPs in xenograft SCID mice. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3871–80. ©2013 AACR.
Biomarker Modulation following Short-Term Vorinostat in Women with Newly Diagnosed Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Stearns Vered , Jacobs Lisa K. , Fackler MaryJo , Tsangaris Theodore N. , Rudek Michelle A. , Higgins Michaela , Lange Julie , Cheng Zandra , Slater Shannon A. , Jeter Stacie C. , Powers Penny , Briest Susanne , Chao Calvin , Yoshizawa Carl , Sugar Elizabeth , Espinoza-Delgado Igor , Sukumar Saraswati , Gabrielson Edward , Davidson Nancy E.
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Agents that target the epigenome show activity in breast cancer models. In preclinical studies, the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat induces cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation. We evaluated biomarker modulation in breast cancer tissues obtained from women with newly diagnosed invasive disease who received vorinostat and those who did not.

Experimental Design: Tumor specimens were collected from 25 women who received up to 6 doses of oral vorinostat 300 mg twice daily and from 25 untreated controls in a nonrandomized study. Candidate gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using the Oncotype DX 21-gene assay, and by immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3. Matched samples from treated women were analyzed for gene methylation by quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR (QM-MSP). Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used to compare changes in quantitative gene expression levels pre- and post-vorinostat with changes in expression in untreated controls, and changes in gene methylation between pre- and post-vorinostat samples.

Results: Vorinostat was well tolerated and there were no study-related delays in treatment. Compared with untreated controls, there were statistically significant decreases in the expression of proliferation-associated genes Ki-67 (P = 0.003), STK15 (P = 0.005), and Cyclin B1 (P = 0.03) following vorinostat, but not in other genes by the Oncotype DX assay, or in expression of Ki-67 or cleaved caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry. Changes in methylation were not observed.

Conclusions: Short-term vorinostat administration is associated with a significant decrease in expression of proliferation-associated genes in untreated breast cancers. This demonstration of biologic activity supports investigation of vorinostat in combination with other agents for the management of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 4008–16. ©2013 AACR.
Comparison of Ventilation and Voice Outcomes between Unilateral Laryngeal Pacing and Unilateral Cordotomy for the Treatment of Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Li Yike , Pearce Elizabeth C. , Mainthia Rajshri , Athavale Sanjay M. , Dang Jennifer , Ashmead Daniel H. , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Rousseau Bernard , Billante Cheryl R. , Zealear David L.
Published: May 2013

Background/Aims: Rehabilitation of the bilaterally paralyzed human larynx remains a complex clinical problem. Conventional treatment generally involves surgical enlargement of the compromised airway, but often with resultant dysphonia and risk of aspiration. In this retrospective study, we compared one such treatment, posterior cordotomy, with unilateral laryngeal pacing: reanimation of vocal fold opening by functional electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Methods: Postoperative peak inspiratory flow (PIF) values and overall voice grade ratings were compared between the two surgical groups, and pre- and postoperative PIF were compared within the pacing group. Results: There were 5 patients in the unilateral pacing group and 12 patients in the unilateral cordotomy group. Within the pacing group, postoperative PIF values were significantly improved from preoperative PIF values (p = 0.04) without a significant effect on voice (grade; p = 0.62). Within the pacing group, the mean postoperative PIF value was significantly higher than that in the cordotomy group (p = 0.05). Also, the mean postoperative overall voice grade values in the pacing group were significantly lower (better) than those of the cordotomy group (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Unilateral pacing appears to be an effective treatment superior to posterior cordotomy with respect to postoperative ventilation and voice outcome measures.
Genetic Variation in the Beta 3-Adrenoreceptor Gene (Trp64Arg Polymorphism) and Its Influence on Anthropometric Parameters and Insulin Resistance Under a High Monounsaturated versus a High Polyunsaturated Fat Hypocaloric Diet
Authors: de Luis D.A. , Aller R. , Izaola O. , Conde R. , Eiros Bouza J.M.
Published: May 2013

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the role of Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) gene on metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated fat versus a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet in obese subjects. Material and Methods: A population of 260 obese subjects was analyzed. In the basal visit, patients were randomly allocated for 3 months to either diet M (high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet) or diet P (high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet). Results: There were no significant differences between the positive effects (on weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass) in either genotype group with both diets. With diet P and in genotype Trp64Trp, glucose levels (-6.7 ± 12.1 vs. -1.2 ± 2.2 mg/dl; p < 0.05), total cholesterol (-11.2 ± 8.1 vs. -1.0 ± 7.1 mg/dl; p < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-9.7 ± 10.1 vs. -2.2 ± 8.1 mg/dl; p < 0.05), triglycerides (-11.7 ± 13.1 vs. +1.7 ± 10.3 mg/dl; p < 0.05), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R; -0.7 ± 1.1 vs. -0.3 ± 2.1 units; p < 0.05) and insulin levels (-1.8 ± 4.6 vs. -1.0 ± 9.1 mIU/l; p < 0.05) decreased. Conclusion: The metabolic effect of weight reduction by the two hypocaloric diets is greatest in subjects with the normal homozygous beta 3-AR gene. Improvements in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin and HOMA-R levels were better than in the heterozygous group.
De novo dup p/del q or dup q/del p Rearranged Chromosomes: Review of 104 Cases of a Distinct Chromosomal Mutation
Authors: Rivera H. , Domínguez M.G. , Vásquez-Velásquez A.I. , Lurie I.W.
Published: May 2013

We compiled 104 constitutional de novo or sporadic rearranged chromosomes mimicking recombinants from a parental pericentric inversion in order to comment on their occurrence and parental derivation, meiotic or postzygotic origin, mean parental ages, and underlying pathways. Chromosomes involved were 1-9, 13-18, 20-22, and X (64 autosomes and 40 X chromosomes). In the whole series, mean paternal and maternal ages in cases of paternal (proved or possible; n = 29) or maternal (proved or possible; n = 36) descent were 31.14 and 28.31 years, respectively. Rearranged X chromosomes appeared to be of paternal descent and to arise through intrachromosomal non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR), whereas rec-like autosomes were of either maternal or paternal origin and resulted from mechanisms proper of non-recurrent rearrangements. Except for some mosaic cases, most rearranged chromosomes apparently had a meiotic origin. Except for 8 rearranged X chromosomes transmitted maternally, all other cases compiled here were sporadic. Hence, the recurrence risk for sibs of propositi born to euploid parents is virtually zero, regardless of the imbalance's size. In brief, recombinant-like or rea chromosomes are not related to advanced parental age, may (chromosome X) or may not (autosomes) have a parent-of-origin bias, arise in meiosis or postzygotically, and appear to be mediated by NAHR, nonhomologous end joining, and telomere transposition. Because rearranged chromosomes 10, 11, and Y are also on record, albeit just in abstracts or listed in large series, we remark that all chromosomes can undergo this distinct rearrangement, even if it is still to be described for pairs 12 and 19.
A South American Origin of the Genus Dynastes (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) Demonstrated by Chromosomal Analyses
Authors: Dutrillaux B. , Dutrillaux A.-M.
Published: May 2013

The karyotypes of 5 species of Dynastes, D. hercules, D. tityus, D. granti, D. satanas, and D. neptunus, and 2 subspecies of D. hercules are compared with those of 6 other selected Dynastinae species. In the 3 former species, there are 18 chromosomes, including neo-sex chromosomes formed by the fusion of an acrocentric autosome with the X and Y chromosomes. In all other species, including D. neptunus and D. satanas, free X and Y chromosomes are observed in 20,Xyp karyotypes. The acrocentric autosome presumably involved in the fusion is present in D. neptunus and D. satanas (pair No. 8). It replaces a submetacentric observed in the other Dynastinae species. Thus, the karyotypes of D. neptunus and D. satanas derive from that of ancestral Dynastinae by an inversion in chromosome 8, and those of D. hercules, D. granti and D. tityus derive from that of D. neptunus by the translocation of this inverted chromosome to sex chromosomes. Because the Dynastes species with the most derived karyotype occur in North and Central America and Lesser Antilles, while D. neptunus and D. satanas are limited to the northern part of the South American Andes, we suggest a South American origin of the genus Dynastes.
Chromatin Alterations during Pollen Development in Hordeum vulgare
Authors: Pandey P. , Houben A. , Kumlehn J. , Melzer M. , Rutten T.
Published: May 2013

The dynamics of posttranslational histone modifications in relation to nuclear architecture has been analyzed during pollen development in Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Igri. Notwithstanding the asymmetry of cytokinesis associated with pollen mitosis I, immunolabeling revealed that the vegetative and generative nuclei initially display identical chromatin modification patterns. Yet, differential chromatin modification patterns between vegetative and generative nuclei emerge with the development of conspicuous differences in nuclear morphology as visualized by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. The temporal and spatial distribution of most histone modifications observed is in agreement with reduced gene activity in the generative nucleus and increased expression in the vegetative nucleus as indicated by immunolabeling of active RNA polymerase II. Signals of trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 proved to be particularly enriched in euchromatic domains of subtelomeric regions. In the context of nuclear differentiation in bicellular pollen, this modification became restricted to the vegetative nucleus, indicating a role in activating rather than suppressing gene expression. The presence of acetylated histone H3 at lysine 9 in the cytoplasm of the generative cell is indicative of a more complex, still unknown function of this particular modification.
The Use of Molecular and Cytogenetic Methods as a Valuable Tool in the Detection of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Horses: A Case of Sex Chromosome Chimerism in a Spanish Purebred Colt
Authors: Demyda-Peyrás S. , Membrillo A. , Bugno-Poniewierska M. , Pawlina K. , Anaya G. , Moreno-Millán M.
Published: May 2013

Chromosomal abnormalities associated to sex chromosomes are reported as a problem more common than believed to be in horses. Most of them remain undiagnosed due to the complexity of the horse karyotype and the lack of interest of breeders and veterinarians in this type of diagnosis. Approximately 10 years ago, the Spanish Purebred Breeders Association implemented a DNA paternity test to evaluate the pedigree of every newborn foal. All candidates who showed abnormal or uncertain results are routinely submitted to cytogenetical analysis to evaluate the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. We studied the case of a foal showing 3 and even 4 different alleles in several loci in the short tandem repeat (STR) -based DNA parentage test. To confirm these results, a filiation test was repeated using follicular hair DNA showing normal results. A complete set of conventional and molecular cytogenetic analysis was performed to determine their chromosomal complements. C-banding and FISH had shown that the foal presents a sex chimerism 64,XX/64,XY with a cellular percentage of approximately 70/30, diagnosed in blood samples. The use of a diagnostic approach combining routine parentage QF-PCR-based STR screening tested with classical or molecular cytogenetic analysis could be a powerful tool that allows early detection of foals that will have a poor or even no reproductive performance due to chromosomal abnormalities, saving time, efforts and breeders' resources.
Treatment with Ipilimumab: A Case Report of Complete Response in a Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Patient
Authors: Addeo Alfredo , Rinaldi Ciro Roberto
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Over the past year, 3 agents have been approved for the treatment of melanoma by the Food and Drug Administration. These include pegylated interferon α-2b for stage III melanoma, vemurafenib for unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation, and ipilimumab for unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Case Presentation: We present here the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with advanced melanoma in April 2011 and treated with ipilimumab (Yervoy®), a monoclonal antibody targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), as second-line treatment after progression with dacarbazine, for (wild-type BRAF) metastatic melanoma. The patient was referred to us for several painful lumps on his right arm. A biopsy of one of them revealed melanoma. CT and PET scans did not show any other lesions or a primary site. The patient was started on first-line chemotherapy with dacarbazine 850 mg/m2 on day 1, every 3 weeks. After 3 cycles, the patient showed disease progression with an increase in size of the skin metastasis. Second-line treatment was started with ipilimumab 3 mg/kg on day 1, every 3 weeks. At the end of the treatment, after 4 cycles, we documented a complete clinical response with total resolution of the skin metastasis. At the time of writing this paper, our patient had finished his treatment more than 9 months earlier and is still in complete remission. Conclusion: This is a paradigmatic case where, despite extensive metastatic disease, treatment with ipilimumab has confirmed its efficacy. It is still an open question why only a minority of patients have such a remarkable response, and further trials are warranted to address this important question.
Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase on Immune Cells Protects From Adverse Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Bönner Florian , Borg Nadine , Jacoby Christoph , Temme Sebastian , Ding Zhaoping , Flögel Ulrich , Schrader Jürgen
Published: May 2013

Rationale:

Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) on immune cells is emerging as a critical pathway and therapeutic target in cardiovascular and autoimmune disorders.

Objective:

Here, we investigated the role of CD73 in postinfarction inflammation, cardiac repair, and remodeling in mice after reperfused myocardial infarction (50-minute ischemia).

Methods and Results:

We found that compared with control mice (1) cardiac function in CD73
−/−
mice more severely declined after infarction (systolic failure with enhanced myocardial edema formation) as determined by MRI and was associated with the persistence of cardiac immune cell subsets, (2) cardiac adenosine release was augmented 7 days after ischemia/reperfusion in control mice but reduced by 90% in CD73 mutants, (3) impaired healing involves M1-driven immune response with increased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-17, as well as decreased transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10, and (4) CD73
−/−
mice displayed infarct expansion accompanied by an immature replacement scar and diffuse ventricular fibrosis. Studies on mice after bone marrow transplantation revealed that CD73 present on immune cells is a major determinant promoting cardiac healing.

Conclusions:

These results, together with the upregulation of CD73 on immune cells after ischemia/reperfusion, demonstrate the crucial role of purinergic signaling during cardiac healing and provide groundwork for novel anti-inflammatory strategies in treating adverse cardiac remodeling.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bertling C. Tj. , Galis K.W. , Fischer H. Th. , Schlesier Erhard
Published: May 2013

- C. Tj. Bertling, K.W. Galis, Papua’s van de Humboldt-Baai. (Bijdrage tot een ethnografie, ac. proefschrift, Leiden, 1955.) - H. Th. Fischer, Erhard Schlesier, Der stand der ethnografischen erforschung Neuguineas, 1955. Uitg. Mouton & Co, den Haag.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bosch F.D.K. , Goris R. , Eringa F.S. , Teeuw A.
Published: May 2013

- F.D.K. Bosch, R. Goris, Bali, Cultuurgeschiedenis in beeld, Dr R. Goris (tekst), Drs P.L. Dronkers (fotografie), Uitg. door de Regering van de Republiek Indonesia, z.j., P.L. Dronkers (eds.)- F.S. Eringa, A. Teeuw, Taal en versbouw. Rede uitgesproken bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van gewoon hoogleraar in de vergelijkende en algemene taalwetenschap aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht oop 19 Mei 1952. Djambatan, Amsterdam, 1952.
Korte mededelingen
Authors: Voorhoeve P.
Published: May 2013

Een Maleis handschrift uit ca. 1600; Perzische invloed op het Maleis; Werk van
Sjamsuddin van Pasai; De Stichting De Goeje; Foto-verzameling; Oude afleveringen der
Bijdragen
Jaarverslag over 1950
Authors: KITLV Redactie
Published: May 2013

Met inbegrip van: Verslag Verificatie-commissie 1950
A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. A review of Sibirocosa with a description of three new species
Authors: OMELKO MIKHAIL M. , MARUSIK YURI M.
Published: May 2013

The East Palaearctic genus Sibirocosa Marusik, Azarkina & Koponen, 2004 is surveyed and three species S. koponeni sp. n. (Maritime Province), S. nadolnyi sp. n. and S. trilikauskasi sp. n. (both from Khabarovsk Province) are described from the Russian Far East. Illustrations to all six species found in East Asia are provided.
Molecular characterization of haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporida) in yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava), with description of in vitro ookinetes of Haemoproteus motacillae
Authors: DIMITROV DIMITAR , VALKIŪNAS GEDIMINAS , ZEHTINDJIEV PAVEL , ILIEVA MIHAELA , BENSCH STAFFAN
Published: May 2013

In studies of haemosporidian systematics and taxonomy, a combination of microscopic examination and molecular iden-tification has been recommended. The yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) is a frequently used species in studies of host-par-asite interactions; blood parasites of this bird have been well studied using microscopic examination of blood films, but data on molecular characterization of the parasites are scattered. Here we present the first study linking several haemospo-ridian cyt b sequences with their morphospecies parasitizing the yellow wagtail, combining light microscopy and nested PCR methods. The lineage hYWT1 of Haemoproteus motacillae was the most prevalent parasite; it was recorded in 38% of the birds. The latter lineage and the lineages hYWT2, hYWT3, hYWT5 and hYWT6 form a well-supported clade on the phylogenetic tree and likely represent intraspecific genetic variation of H. motacillae, with genetic divergence of 0.3– 1.5 % among these lineages. Microscopic examination of smears prepared during an in vitro experiment, which was de-signed for observation of developing ookinetes, showed that H. motacillae ookinetes were present 5 hours after exposure of blood to air at 18–20º C. Ookinetes of this parasite belong to a group of large Haemoproteus spp. ookinetes (19.9 μm in length on average). Illustrations of the parasites are given. Two of reported Plasmodium lineages, pCOLL1 and pYWT4 are phylogenetically closely related to the widespread host generalist parasites Plasmodium relictum (cyt b lineages pSGS1, pGRW4 and pGRW11), but it was not possible to establish this morphologically. This study contributes to the molecular identification of avian haemosporidian parasites and provides information on morphology of H. motacillae ookinetes, which is additional information assisting the microscopic identification of this species.
A Spatially Distributed Model to Simulate Water, Energy, and Vegetation Dynamics Using Information from Regional Climate Models
Authors: Maneta M. P. , Silverman N. L.
Published: May 2013

Studies seeking to understand the impacts of climate variability and change on the hydrology of a region need to take into account the dynamics of vegetation and its interaction with the hydrologic and energy cycles. Yet, most of the hydrologic models used for these kinds of studies assume that vegetation is static. This paper presents a dynamic, spatially explicit model that couples a vertical energy balance scheme (surface and canopy layer) to a hydrologic model and a forest growth component to capture the dynamic interactions between energy, vegetation, and hydrology at hourly to daily time scales. The model is designed to be forced with outputs from regional climate models. Lateral water transfers are simulated using a 1D kinematic wave model. Infiltration is simulated using the Green and Ampt approximation to Richard's equation. The dynamics of soil moisture and energy drives carbon assimilation and forest growth, which in turn affect the distribution of energy and water through leaf dynamics by altering light interception, shading, and enhanced transpiration. The model is demonstrated in two case studies simulating energy, water, and vegetation dynamics at two different spatial and temporal scales.