bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Media for Growth and Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria by Using the Starch-Industry by- Products
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

By- products of corn starch industry were used to prepare media for propagation the lactic acid bacteria as a natural auxotroph. The by- products used were the corn steep water (S) and gluten extract (G) after a proper treatment to get them ready for media preparation. The results showed that it was possible to replace the peptone and meat extract by gluten extract in MRS medium. The growth was approximately similar to that obtained in standard MRS media. Corn steep water (S) was used as well and the growth enhanced by including Tween – 80 at 1% level. The later media named MZ, which was superior for growing standard and local strains and starters. The MZ medium modified by adding acetate and glacial acetic acid similarly to Rogosa media and was very efficient selection property for selecting and growing of lactobacilli only. There was no difference in the starter activities grown in MRS or MZ liquid media used to coagulate sterile whole milk and the developed acidity was at similar extent.
Effect of Partial Coherence illuminated bar on evaluation technique of diffraction image
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this work, we are obviously interested in a general solution for the calculation of the image of a single bar in partially coherent illumination. The solution is based on the theory of Hopkins for the formation of images in optical instruments in which it was shown that for all practical cases, the illumination of the object may be considered as due to a self – luminous source placed at the exit pupil of the condenser , and the diffraction integral describing the intensity distribution in the image of a single bar – as an object with half – width (U0 = 8 ) and circular aperture geometry is viewed , which by suitable choice of the coherence parameters (S=0.25,1.0.4.0) can be fitted to the observed distribution in various types of microscope , the aberration were restricted to defocusing and coma upto third – order , the method of integration was Gauss quadrature: The necessary set of integration depends , of course , on the amount of present aberrations and had to be chosen (20) points of Gauss which decrease the computation time to few seconds: The aberration free systems corresponding to the paraxial receiving plane (W20= 0.0) is especially interesting as it predicts diffraction pattern shape. The influence of defocusing is very pronounced and relatively distorts the object , the influence of the off – axis aberration (third – order coma ), in which it was shown that for the high peaks in the images are most noticeable in the region of almost perfect coherence (S=0.25). As (S) is increased from (0.25) to (1.0) there is a pronounced redistribution of intensity, with peaks moving from one side of the image to the other.
Calculations were also performed for systems having spherical aberration, but the results are qualitatively similar to an aberration – free defocused system and are omitted, so we will not present any numerical results.
A computer program was written in FORTRAN 77 which solved the modified intensity distribution of Hopkins for(U´) dimensionless distance. The advantage of that additional work on this class of problems to investigate the development of more efficient numerical methods, also the reduction in computation time to few seconds for data runs for individual curves of intensity.
Effect of some species of bacteria on viability of human hydatid cysts
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A total of 50 fertile human hydatid cases {33(66%) females and (34%) males}, obtained from Al-Ramadi public Hospital during the period from December 2003 to July 2004 were examined to study any bacterial infections. The specimens were obtained from hydatid fluid and then cultured on appropriate culture media to distinguish some species of bacteria which resulted in obtaining: Staphylococcus aureus (18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(12%), Escherichia coli(6%) and Streptococcus pneumonia (4%).
These bacteria were confirmed by isolation from interacyst fluid and blood culture technique. The possible routs of infection may be through blood, biliary ducts and bronchioles .The selectivity permeable of the cyst wall may be absent and that may allow some species of bacteria to enter inside the cyst.
Further, the percent viability decreased among cyst which yielded S. aureus , P. aeruginosa and other bacteria isolated after culturing compared with those of negative culture .Besides, the two types of protoscoleces motilities (flame cell activity and constriction –relaxation movement )increased in cases of negative culture .This association holds true at three different temperature (25ºC,37ºC and 40ºC).
Removal of Zinc ions from industrial wastewater with wool fibers
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this research, the efficiency of low-cost unmodified wool fibers were used to remove zinc ion from industrial wastewater. Removal of zinc ion was achieved at 99.52% by using simple wool column. The experiment was carried out under varying conditions of (2h) contact time, metal ion concentration (50mg/l), wool fibers quantity to treated water (70g/l), pH(7) & acid concentration (0.05M). The aim of this method is to use a high sensitive, available & cheep natural material which applied successfully for industrial wastewater& synthetic water, where zinc ion concentration was reduced from (14.6mg/l) to (0.07mg/l) & consequently the hazardous effect of contamination was minimized.
Quasi-posinormal operators
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we introduce a class of operators on a Hilbert space namely quasi-posinormal operators that contain properly the classes of normal operator, hyponormal operators, M–hyponormal operators, dominant operators and posinormal operators . We study some basic properties of these operators .Also we are looking at the relationship between invertibility operator and quasi-posinormal operator .
A study of some Biological Aspects of Procellio scaber(Isopoda : porcellionidae) Latrellile 1804In Al-jadriyia region /Baghdad-Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A study of some biological aspects of the crustacean Isopod procellio scaber was carried out for the period April 2003 to march 2004 . The study consisted reproductive and morphological characteristies such as size , weight and length of the body . The result showed that the highest population density of P. scaber was 1120 individual/m2 in September 2003 and less density 403 ind/m2 in February 2004. The density was generally high in Spring and Autumn, low in Summer and Winter months.An increase of the sexual ratio appear in the females number compared to males number (p < 0.05) during most of year. Present study showed non significant increase in the length and dry weight for females compared to males in most of year months. There were two seasons for reproduction, first starts in February to the ends of August, the second season starts in September,to the end in January. A number of Juveniles recorded during most time of year. While the percentage decreased during the Winter months and nearly disappeared during December. The large size individuals dominated during the Spring season which may be due to their rapid growth. The results showed that the moult individuals in different sizes class present for most year months, in large numbers small sizes class include due to their rapid growth. Life cycle data showed four biological stages: eggs, Manca, Juvenile and Mature stages. The female put between (2-70) eggs per each breed. There is one or tow breed for female in year.
Effect of aqueous extract of olive (Olea europaea) fruit on lipid profile in female rabbits
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The activity of the aqueous extract of Olea europaea was tested at concentrations of 8, 15 or 20 mg/kg of body weight on lipid profile in twenty female local rabbits. These animals were randomly divided into four groups (five animals in each group). Three groups were dosed orally with the concentrations mentioned above, while the last was administered with distilled water and considered as a control group. These animals were orally dosed by aqueous extract using a micropipette for 30 days.
The results showed that there was a significant (P
On Semi-p-Compact Space1
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new type of compact spaces, namely semi-p-compact spaces which are stronger than compact spaces; we give properties and characterizations of semi-p-compact spaces.
Optical Investigations of CdSe1-x Tex Thin Films
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The alloys of CdSe1-xTex compound have been prepared from their elements successfully with high purity (99.9999%) which mixed stoichiometry ratio (x=0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) of (Cd, Se and Te) elements. Films of CdSe1-xTex alloys for different values of composition with thickness(0.5?m) have been prepared by thermal evaporation method at cleaned glass substrates which heated at (473K) under very low pressure (4×10-5mbar) at rate of deposition (3A?/s), after that thin films have been heat treated under low pressure (10-2mbar) at (523K) for two hours.
The optical studies revealed that the absorption coefficient (?) is fairly high. It is found that the electronic transitions in the fundamental absorption edge tend to be allowed direct transition. It was also found that the optical energy gap vary non-linearly with composition (x) and have a minimum value at x=0.5 and increases after heat treatment.
It is found that the optical constants vary non-linearly with composition, and the behavior inverse at x=0.5, and affected by heat treatment. The behavior of ?1 is similar to the behavior of n, while the behavior of ?2 is similar to the behavior of k.
Effect of Diclofenac (Voltaren) in histological structure of kidney in male Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study was designed to know the effect of Diclofenac sodium (voltaren) drug on the histological composition of kidney in domestic rabbits . Twelve adult males with (1.4) kg weight . The first group of animals administrated orally by 1 ml of Voltaren with 6 mg/kg , while the second group with (1) ml of distal water (as control group ) . the administrated continue for (60) days sequentially.
The treatment with voltaren showed pathological cases in tissues and cells of kidney including necrosis, infilteration ,congestion in blood vessels edema.Also epithelial separation in kidney tubules in comparison with control group
Conclusion from the above results, revealed that voltaren had negative effects on the kidney tissues in local males rabbits .
Effect of crude alcoholic celery (Apium graveolens) leaves extract on fertility in albino female mice
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Sixty albino female mice were used in this experiment to study the possible effect of the crude alcoholic extract of the celery leaves on their fertility. These animals were randomly and equally divided into three experimental groups (20 females/group). The first and second groups were orally given a daily dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, of the crude alcoholic extract, while the third group (control) was similarly treated, at the same time, with 0.1 ml/gm body weight of physiological saline for comparison. The treatment, however, lasted for 25 consecutive days.
On day 26, after treatment was stopped, the life body weight of all animals was recorded before sacrificing the animals. Thereafter blood samples were collected by heart puncture for hormonal (estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone) determination. Reproductive organs (ovaries and uteri) were also isolated and preserved for histological studies.
Active ingredients in the extracts were analytically tested. The test gave positive results for flavonoids, steroids, tannins and terbenoids.
The effect of the extract on the studied parameters which are related to the fertility is reflected in the following results:
1) significant (p
Studying the Effect of Aqueous Extract from Curcuma Longa on Some Parameters of Cytogenetic, Immunity and Fertility in Female Mice
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The research work was conducted to investigate the effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of turmeric at doses of (5, 10) mg/kg body weight for two weeks daily by determining the genotoxic effect (mitotic index), evaluation of immunological effect (IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4) and measuring fertility hormones (follicles stimulation hormone/FSH, lutenising hormone/LH) levels with histological examinations of female albino swiss mice ovaries in comparison with control (normal saline). A clear effect in increasing mitotic activity was reveled for both doses in comparison with control. Results also showed a significant increase in the value of all immunological parameters at both doses, in comparison with control. Also, obvious raise was seen in the levels of FSH and LH hormones for both doses when compared with normal saline treated mice with no significant damage seen in female ovaries tissue, in fact, there were certain changes in mice ovaries tissue which were represented by increasing in the numbers of primary and secondary follicles and in the numbers of corpus luteum at both doses also.
Dependence of gamma-ray absorption coefficient on the size of lead particle
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this study, dependence of gamma-ray absorption coefficient on the size of Pb particle size ranging from 200µm up to 2.5mm, using different weights of each particle size. The results show that gamma-ray attenuation coefficient is inversely proportional with the size of Pb particle size due to the reduction of the spaces between the lead particles.
Effect of Hyper and Hypothyroidism on Lipid Profile and Liver Function of Male Rats
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study was designed to investigate the effect of thyroid hormone disturbance on lipids profiles and liver functions.
Eighteen mature male rats Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups. The first and the second groups were injected subcutaneously with thyroxine (T4) and carbimazol (both at 600 µg/kg BW) respectively on alternate days, to produce recurrent periods of hyper and hypothyroidism .The control group which is the third group was injected with physiological saline. The process continued 4 weeks, after that, injection, blood specimens were collected to estimate serum levels of T3 and T4, Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were determined in the serum. In addition to that, we measure GOT, GPT and CPK enzymes activity.
The results showed no significant difference in body weight and a significant increase (P
Using fuzzy logic for estimating monthly pan evaporation from meteorological data in Emara/ South of Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Evaporation is one of the major components of the hydrological cycle in the nature, thus its accurate estimation is so important in the planning and management of the irrigation practices and to assess water availability and requirements. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of fuzzy inference system for estimating monthly pan evaporation form meteorological data. The study has been carried out depending on 261 monthly measurements of each of temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (W) which have been available in Emara meteorological station, southern Iraq. Three different fuzzy models comprising various combinations of monthly climatic variables (temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) were developed to evaluate effect of each of these variables on estimation process. Two error statistics namely root mean squared error and coefficient of determination were used to measure the performance of the developed models. The results indicated that the model, whose input variables are T, W, and RH, perform the best for estimating evaporation values. In addition, the model which is dominated by (T) is significantly and distinctly helps to prove the predictive ability of fuzzy inference system. Furthermore, agreements of the results with the observed measurements indicate that fuzzy logic is adequate intelligent approach for modeling the dynamic of evaporation process.
The Dissolution Study For Sodium Selenite Tablets Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The development of a meaningful dissolution procedure for drug products with limited water solubility has been a challenge to both the pharmaceutical industry and the agencies that regulate them. Natural surfactants aid in the dissolution and subsequent absorption of drugs with limited aqueous solubility. In vitro, various techniques have been used to achieve adequate dissolution of the sparingly water – soluble or water insoluble drug products such as the use of mechanical methods (i.e., increased agitation and the disintegration method) or hydro alcoholic medium or large volumes of medium. The necessity of assuring the quality of drugs , especially those with low aqueous solubility and in vivo absorption , has led to the development and evaluation of new techniques that can reduce the time and cost of analysis. This study has been examines the efficiency and accuracy of an automated dissolution system, fitted with a simple, integrated, for analysis of generic drugs. Sodium Selenite 200 ?g tablets was chosen as model drugs for this study and comparison was made with a conventional analysis based on flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The analytical system under study gave reproducible and accurate results. Low instrumentation cost was demonstrated which is provide satisfactory elemental drugs analysis to a standard at least as good as that achieved using AAS.
Evaluating the Mechanisms of Photosynthetic Inhibition under Growth‐Limiting, Early‐Season Water Deficit Stress in Cotton
Authors: Meeks Calvin D. , Snider John L. , Babb-Hartman Megan E. , Barnes Tony L.
Published: March 2019

The current study evaluated the possibility that growth‐limiting, early‐season drought stress sufficient to decrease net photosynthesis (AN) would be associated with declines in stomatal conductance (gs) and ATP content, regardless of stress level. Studies were conducted in greenhouse facilities in Athens and Tifton, GA, and imposed different early‐season drought durations to generate a range of early‐season water‐deficit stress conditions. The early‐season drought durations imposed decreased AN to values ranging from 20 to 60% of the levels observed in well‐watered plants. Where declines in AN were observed, gs and photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) declined substantially, indicating some level of metabolic and possibly diffusional limitation to photosynthesis. The ATP content was unaffected or actually increased in response to photosynthesis‐limiting drought in both years of the study, suggesting that ATP‐induced limitations to photosynthesis are minimal over a broad range of AN–limiting, early‐season drought stress conditions in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). All drought durations limited leaf, stem, reproductive, and total dry matter production. Declines in dry matter under mild stress were primarily associated decreased leaf area production, whereas decreased AN was likely an important contributor under more severely stressed treatments. Photosynthetic declines under growth‐limiting, early‐season drought do not appear to be associated with reduced ATP production, as suggested in other plant species.
Synthesizing the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to litter control for sustainable waste management
Authors: Ilias Biala Musa
Published: March 2019

Littering has been a subject of inquiry by environmental economists, as well as social and environmental psychologists, each using a different theoretical and analytical toolkit. While economists see littering as an externality problem or a market failure, psychologists see it as a social behavior problem. Regardless of the discipline, both theories have a common goal: What factors affect littering behavior and how can it be curtailed? This paper, therefore, adopts theory-triangulation approach to review theories concerning littering. It concisely reviews the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to littering and their respective solutions. The finding from this review is that the psychological approaches to litter control are narrower in coverage than the economic approaches in that the former are applicable to smaller environmental settings or areas, such as school premises, office places, factories, and market places, as opposed to such lager settings as cities, states or the country at large to which economic instruments are usually applied. Despite the plethora of research extolling the virtues of economic approaches to litter control, their real-world application has not caught on. One of the factors responsible for this is the implementation costs and difficulty involved. The economic instruments are costlier than the psychological instruments, because the former cover a larger setting and entail a lot of bureaucracies. To better understand littering and find appropriate solutions to it, studies on littering should consider looking at littering holistically from this interdisciplinary perspective. Both the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to litter control should be synthesized for sustainable waste management. However, policymakers need to consider the available financial resources and the multifarious views of litter in policies relating to litter. An option for policymakers is to minimize those costs associated with implementing economic instruments.
New Nutritional and Therapeutical Strategies of NEC
Authors: Teresa Capriati , Antonella Diamanti , de Ville de Goyet Jean
Published: March 2019

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acquired severe disease of the digestive system affecting mostly premature babies, possibly fatal and frequently associated to systemic complications. Because of the severity of this condition and the possible long-term consequences on the child’s development, many studies have aimed at preventing the occurrence of the primary events at the level of the bowel wall (ischemia and necrosis followed by sepsis) by modifying or manipulating the diet (breast milk versus formula) and/or the feeding pattern (time for initiation after birth, continuous versus bolus feeding, modulation of intake according clinical events). Feeding have been investigated so far in order to prevent NEC. However, currently well-established and shared clinical nutritional practices are not available in preventing NEC. Nutritional and surgical treatments of NEC are instead well defined. In selected cases surgery is a therapeutic option of NEC, requiring sometimes partial intestinal resection responsible for short bowel syndrome. In this paper we will investigate the available options for treating NEC according to the Walsh and Kliegman classification, focusing on feeding practices in managing short bowel syndrome that can complicate NEC. We will also analyze the proposed ways of preventing NEC.
Applications of Green Chemistry Approaches in Environmental Analysis
Authors: Yayayürük Aslı Erdem , Yayayürük Onur
Published: March 2019

Background:

Green chemistry is the application of methodologies and techniques to reduce the use of hazardous substances, minimize waste generation and apply benign and cheap applications.

Methods:

In this article, the following issues were considered: greener solvents and reagents, miniaturization of analytical instrumentation, reagent-free methodologies, greening with automation, greener sample preparation methods, and greener detection systems. Moreover, the tables along with the investigated topics including environmental analysis were included. The future aspects and the challenges in green analytical chemistry were also discussed.

Results:

The prevention of waste generation, atomic economy, use of less hazardous materials for chemical synthesis and design, use of safer solvents, auxiliaries and renewable raw materials, reduction of unnecessary derivatization, design degradation products, prevention of accidents and development of real-time analytical methods are important for the development of greener methodologies.

Conclusion:

Efforts should also be given for the evaluation of novel solid phases, new solvents, and sustainable reagents to reduce the risks associated with the environment. Moreover, greener methodologies enable energy efficient, safe and faster that reduce the use of reagents, solvents and preservatives which are hazardous to both environment and human health.
Giardia Lamblia Subtypes and Their Relationship with Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Giardiasis
Authors: Viesy Soghra , Abdi Jahangir , Haghani Karimeh , Valizadeh Reza , Mirzaei A.
Published: March 2019

Giardia lamblia has proved to be the most common intestinal protozoan parasite in humans
that causes giardiasis. Given the high mutations in the genome of this parasite, the present
study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia subtypes and their relationship
with clinical symptoms in patients who appear to have giardiasis. In 69 stool specimens with
an appropriate number of giardia cysts, the DNA was first purified, and the genotype was then
determined based on the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene sequence using PCR-RFLP. Data
were collected on the clinical symptoms of the patients through a questionnaire, and their
relationship with molecular results was studied. Four samples (5.8%) were found to be of subtype
AI, 51 (73.9%) of subtype AII and 14 (20.3 %) of subtype BIII. No BIV subtype was found in the
present study. A correlation was observed between Giardia lamblia genotypes (AI, AII and BIII)
and abdominal pain. All of the people (100%) who had the AI genotype (i.e. the zoonosis subtype)
had been losing weight. There was a significant correlation between weight loss and the AI subtype.
All of the people (100%) infected with the BIII genotype experienced diarrhea, and this
genotype was found to be associated with diarrhea. The present study found abdominal pain to be
the most common symptom of giardiasis in Ilam province. Moreover, humans were found to be
the main reservoir for giardia lamblia, although zoonosis subtypes such as AI and BIII still exist in
the region and pose a risk for a giardiasis epidemic.
Formulation, Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Polymeric Electrospun Nanofibers for the Treatment of Skin Cancer
Authors: Patel Gayatri , Yadav Bindu K.N.
Published: March 2019

Background:

The purpose of this study was to formulate, characterize and conduct in vitro
cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil loaded polymeric electrospun nanofibers for the treatment of skin cancer.
The patents on electrospun nanofibers (US9393216B2), (US14146252), (WO2015003155A1) etc.
helped in the selection of polymers and method for the preparation of nanofibers.

Methods:

In the present study, the fabrication of nanofibers was done using a blend of chitosan with
polyvinyl alcohol and processed using the electrospinning technique. 5-fluorouracil with known
chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of skin cancer was used as a drug carrier. 24-1 fractional
factorial screening design was employed to study the effect of independent variables like the
concentration of the polymeric solution, applied voltage (kV), distance (cm), flow rate (ml / hr) on dependent
variables like % entrapment efficiency and fiber diameter.

Results:

Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize fiber diameter and morphology. Results
showed that the fiber diameter of all batches was found in the range of 100-200 nm. The optimized
batch results showed the fiber diameter of 162.7 nm with uniform fibers. The tensile strength
obtained was 190±37 Mpa. Further in vitro and ex vivo drug release profile suggested a controlled release
mechanism for an extended period of 24 hr. The 5-fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofibers
were found to decrease cell viability up to ≥50% over 24 hr, with the number of cells dropping by ~
10% over 48 hr. As the cell viability was affected by the release of 5-fluorouracil, we believe that electrospun
nanofibers are a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma
(BCC) skin cancer.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrate the possibility of delivering 5-Fluorouracil loaded electrospun
nanofiber to skin with enhanced encapsulation efficiency indicating the effectiveness of the formulation
for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma type of skin cancer.
‘We underestimate the past.’ The life and times of a fourteenth-century Dutch nobleman, Carthusian lay brother, mercenary knight, and author of religious prose
Authors: Levelt Sjoerd
Published: March 2019

Review of Frits van Oostrom, Nobel streven. Het onwaarschijnlijke maar waargebeurde verhaal van ridder Jan van Brederode (Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2017, 384 p.,ill., index)
Pengembangan modul elektronik (e-modul) interaktif pada mata pelajaran Kimia kelas XI SMA
Authors: Herawati Nita Sunarya , Muhtadi Ali
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan produk e-modul interaktif pada mata pelajaran Kimia kelas  XI IPA SMA, (2) mengetahui tingkat kelayakan produk e-modul interaktif pada mata pelajaran Kimia kelas XI IPA SMA,dan (3) mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan produk e-modul interaktif dalam meningkatkan capaian hasil belajar mata pelajaran Kimia kelas XI IPA SMA. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada langkah-langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan yaitu (4D). Prosedur pengembangan meliputi tahap pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), dan pengembangan (development). Subjek uji coba kelompok kecil terdiri dari enam orang peserta didik kelas XI IPA SMA Islam Al Azhar Yogyakarta. Subjek uji coba lapangan sebanyak 29 orang siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Islam Al Azhar Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar penilaian, angket respon, dan tes hasil belajar. Teknik analisis data menggunakan paired sample t-test dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul elektronik (e-modul) interaktif untuk kelas XI IPA SMA menurut ahli materi, ahli media berada dalam kategori layak. Penerapan dan penggunaan e-modul secara umum dapat terlaksana dengan kategori layak dan mendapat respon positif dari peserta didik. Terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara hasil pre test sebelum penggunaan e-modul dan post test setelah menggunakan e-modul dengan sig < 0,05.Kata kunci: modul eletronik, interaktif, kimia DEVELOPING INTERACTIVE CHEMISTRY E-MODUL FOR THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLAbstractThis research study aims to: (1) produce chemistry interactive e-modul for the second grade students of senior high school, (2) identify the feasibility analysis of interactive e-module products on chemistry object, and (3) identify the effectiveness of the interactive e-module product in improving the achievement of learning achievement. This research and development study refer to the stages developed by Thiagarajan (4D). The procedure of the development consists of define, design, and development. The subject small group trial consisted of six-second grade students of SMA Islam Al Azhar Yogyakarta. The subjects of field testing in the experiment class consisted of 29 students of XI IPA of SMA Islam Al Azhar Yogyakarta. The data were collected using an evaluation sheet, questionnaire of student’s responses, and achievement tes. The data were analyzed using paired sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The research finding reveals that the chemistry interactive e-modul for XI IPA of senior high school according to materials experts and media experts is in a good category. Generally, the application of interactive e-modul is categorized in the very good category and received a positive response from students. There is a difference in the learning achievement between the pre test and post test after using the chemistry interactive e-modul with sig < 0.05.Keywords: e-modul,interactive, chemistry
Sensory Profiles and Lactic Acid Bacteria Density of Tape Ketan and Tape Singkong in Bogor
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Ratihwulan Haqqifizta , Nuraida Lilis
Published: March 2019

Tape ketan (fermented glutinous rice) and tape singkong (fermented cassava) are traditional Indonesian foods produced by fermenting carbohydrate sources using ragi as starter culture. Those products known to contain high number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics of tape ketan and tape singkong from different household industry in Bogor, to identify the sensory profile, and to evaluate the correlation between LAB density and sensory attribute. The research was started by survey to household tape industries, followed by sensory analysis of rating hedonic and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), and LAB analysis. Data analysis of rating hedonic was done by ANOVA and post-hoc Duncan test, while data analysis of QDA was done by Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Samples of tape ketan were taken from two different home industries (BK and LK), while samples of tape singkong were taken from four different home industries (CT, NG, SH, TS). Hedonic rating test showed that the most preferred sample overall was tape ketan BK and tape singkong CT. QDA results showed that tape ketan BK was characterized by its sweetness, rice-like aroma, rice-like taste, and texture, while tape ketan LK was characterized by alcoholic aroma, alcoholic taste, sourness, and color. Tape singkong NG were characterized by sour aroma, alcoholic aroma, alcoholic taste, and color. Specific characteristic of tape singkong CT was bitterness and bitter aftertaste, SH was sweetness, and TS was texture. LAB of tape ketan BK (8,5 log cfu/g) was higher than LK (7,9 log cfu/g). Tape singkong with highest density of LAB was TS (8,1 log cfu/g), followed by CT (7,2 log cfu/g), NG (7,0 log cfu/g), and SH (6,5 log cfu/g). There was no correlation between the density of LAB and descriptive score of sourness, alcoholic taste, and sweetness.
Editorial
Authors: Hall-Lew Lauren
Published: March 2019

Welcome to the second issue of the third volume of Lifespans & Styles: Undergraduate Working Papers on Intraspeaker Variation. We are happy to feature five papers that continue the journal’s mission of highlighting excellence in undergraduate research while furthering case studies of intraspeaker variation in sociolinguistics.
Rand rebellion of 1922: the perception in British public opinion
Authors: Streltsov Alexey D
Published: March 2019

The article presents the research of the problem of white miners uprising in Witwatersrand in January-March 1922. The aim of the research was to surround the causes of the uprising, the reaction of British establishment and press, as well as the leader of the South African Union. Based on a number of sources, are shown the history of the issue and the driving forces of the rebels. The article contains an indication of both the traditional factors of the strike, characteristic of the industry of the fi rst half of XX, and the specifi c features of South Africa that aff ected the uprising. The author paid attention to the way of analyzing by the British press the causes of the uprising, and how various publications appreciate it, depending on their ideology. Besides, is considered the signifi cance of the uprising for further decision-making by the British leadership on colonial policy.
“De mulher para mulher”: uma análise discursivo-crítica da representação da identidade de Marisa Letícia em post publicitário das lojas Marisa (“From a woman to another”: a critical discourse analysis of Maria Leticia’s identity representation ...)
Authors: Gomes Maria Carmen Aires , Garcia Carolina Duarte
Published: March 2019

Este artigo analisa a forma pela qual os corpos e os discursos da ex-primeira dama Marisa Letícia e do ex-presidente Lula e suas ações são socialmente produzidas através do gênero discursivo post publicitário. Esse post foi veiculado no dia 11/05/2017 pela equipe de marketização das Lojas Marisa no Facebook e trata-se da recontextualização de um evento social: o depoimento de Lula, ocorrido no dia 10/05/2017, recontextualizado por meio do enunciado: “Se sua mãe ficar sem presente, a culpa não é da Marisa”. A abordagem teórico-metodológica é a Análise do Discurso Textualmente Orientada (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001; 2003); (CHOULIARAKI&FAIRCLOUGH 1999) e as discussões sobre performances de feminilidades (BUTLER, 2010). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Análise do Discurso Crítica; Gênero; Recontextualização; Post publicitário; Performances.
Foreign exchange market pressure index and monetary policy in Iraq
Authors: Khalaf Ammar
Published: March 2019

This paper?s aims are to adequately measure a foreign exchange market
pressure index that can be used to discover pressures in the Iraqi foreign
exchange market early on, and to examine the effect of monetary policy
intervention in the Iraqi foreign exchange market. The modelling approach
used is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), with monthly time series data
spanning 2013-2017. The index used in this paper was able to identify
different periods of pressure in the Iraqi foreign exchange market. In
addition, the econometric analysis found that the traditional proxies for
monetary policy intervention in the foreign exchange market, such as
domestic credit and money multiplier, were ineffective in the case of Iraq.
The results show that the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) relied extensively on
foreign reserves to mitigate pressures in the foreign exchange market. Due
to the nature of the Iraqi economy and where the main source of foreign
currency is oil exports, the CBI adopted a fixed exchange rate regime to
control inflationary expectations and stabilize the foreign exchange market.
The influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction
Authors: Janicijevic Nebojsa , Nikcevic Gordana , Vasic Vladimir
Published: March 2019

The paper explains the impact of organizational culture on employees? job
satisfaction. Organizational culture, through its values and norms, shapes
an organization?s internal context and thus impacts different elements,
including job satisfaction. The paper develops two theoretical explanations
of organizational culture?s impact on job satisfaction, which are verified
through empirical research on a sample of 324 employees from 16 companies in
Montenegro. The first theoretical explanation starts with the assumption
that organizational culture impacts job satisfaction by harmonizing its
values and norms with specific types of employee needs, while the second
starts with the assumption that organizational culture impacts job
satisfaction based on the content of its values and norms, regardless of the
employees? needs. The research shows that employees? job satisfaction level
systematically and significantly varies in different organizational culture
types, proving that organizational culture is a job satisfaction factor; and
that organizational culture does not impact the job satisfaction level by
harmonizing with employee needs but through the content of its values and
norms. It also shows that the level of job satisfaction is highest in task
culture, followed by power culture, and lowest in role culture.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT ASESMEN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS EKSPLANASI DAN CERITA PENDEK SERTA IMPLEMETASI DALAM KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Sauhenda Angla Florensy , Riwu Lay , Tembang Yonarlianto
Published: March 2019

Assessment is a process to obtain and collect student learning outcomes during learning. Based on the facts in the field it was found that the teacher was unable to compile assessment tools for writing explanatory text skills and short story texts. The purpose of this study was to develop assessment tools for explanatory text writing skills and short story texts consisting of teacher guides and student assignments. The research and development model used in this study is the R2D2 development model. The results showed that the assessment skills of explanatory text writing skills and short story texts developed were appropriate to be implemented in the 2013 curriculum. The teacher's guide to explanatory texts reached 91% and the teacher's guide to short story texts reached 86%. While the student assignment for the explanatory text reached 87% and the student assignment for the short story text reached 82%. Based on the results of the validity and reliability test, it shows that all the items of work that have been developed are valid and reliable.
PENGARUH KEGIATAN AWAL PEMBELAJARAN, DISIPLIN BELAJAR DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR
Authors: Adinoto Prayogi
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Pengaruh varibel bebas (kegiatan awal pembelajaran, disiplin belajar dan  motivasi belajar) secara parsial dan simultan terhadap variabel terikat (prestasi belajar) siswa, (2) Variabel bebas yang paling dominan  berpengaruh terhadap variabel terikat (prestasi belajar) siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan berbentuk kausalitas. Sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa kelas XII Jurusan Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan di SMKN Ihya’ Ulumudin Kabupaten Banyuwangi pada Tahun Pelajaran 2016-2017 dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 71 siswa.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode angket dan dokumentasi.Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji asumsi klasik, uji normalitas, uji heteroskedastisitas dan uji multikolinieritas. Sedangkan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi berganda,uji F statistik dan uji T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Varibel bebas secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel terikat, (2) Variabel bebas yang paling dominan  berpengaruh terhadap variabel terikat adalah variabel kegiatan awal pembelajaran sebesar 27,04 %, diikuti disiplin belajar sebesar 15,066 % dan motivasi belajar sebesar 14,229 %. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kegiatan awal pembelajaran,disiplin belajar dan motivasi belajar harus terus dilakukan dan ditingkatkan kualitasnya dengan sungguh-sungguh dan konsisten untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Kata kunci: prestasi belajar siswa,kegiatan awal pembelajaran, disiplin belajar,motivasi belajar
Deteksi Gen SHV pada Isolat Klinik Eschericia coli Penghasil Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) dari Urin Pasien di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
Authors: Prasetya Yulianto Ade
Published: March 2019

Esherichia coli ESBLs bertanggungjawab terhadap terjadinya wabah infeksi nosokomial, peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas, serta peningkatan biaya kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk mendeteksi keberadaan gen SHV pada isolat klinik E.coli penghasil ESBLs dari urine pasien yang merupakan koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya pada bulan Januari - Februari 2014. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan molekul genetik. Metode yang digunakan untuk deteksi gen SHV menggunakan PCR (Polymerase ChainReaction) kemudian dielektroforesis dan divisualisasikan pada gel agarose 1.5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari tiga puluh isolat, sebanyak dua belas isolat (40%) positif mengandung gen SHV.
Utilization of Secang (Caesalpinia Sappan L) Wood Extract in Optimization of Liquid Soap Formulation
Authors: Saryanti Dwi , Setiawan Iwan
Published: March 2019

One of the plants used in traditional medicine is secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Liquid soap is now widely produced because of its practical use and better appearance. The use of anionic surfactants can cause irritation and dry skin due to strong binding of skin proteins. Cocamid DEA is used as nonionic surfactant in the liquid soap formulation to reduce the irritation caused by the anionic surfactant. The determination of optimal formula of secang wood extract liquid soap used D-optimal method by using parameter of pH test, viscosity, density and antibacterial activity. The organoleptic, pH, viscosity, density, antibacterial activity, foam stability, and physical stability of optimal formula were tested by cycling test. The ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate:cocamid DEA in optimal formula of secang wood extract liquid soap was (98.95: 1.05). The optimal formula of liquid soap has pH 4.6, viscosity 51.67 dPas, density 1.06 g / mL, antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus 16.2 mm and foam stability 96.67%.
Willingness to Pay Pelayanan Konseling Apoteker di Apotek di Kecamatan Polokarto Tahun 2016
Authors: Harlianti Mariska Sri , Andayani Tri Murti , Puspandari Diah Ayu
Published: March 2019

Counseling is one part of the clinical pharmacy service at the pharmacy that is the responsibility of the pharmacist to achieve therapeutic goal. Community needs for counseling have increased so that the active participation of pharmacists is needed through the provision of professional services. This research needs to be done to find out the amount of counseling services by pharmacists who are willing to be paid by patients with a WTP (Willingness to Pay) value parameter. In addition, the value of WTP can also describe the indirect benefits felt by the community towards counseling services by pharmacists at the pharmacy. This research is a descriptive observational research through a survey. The study was conducted at the pharmacy in the Polokarto sub-district of Sukoharjo regency in January – February 2016 with pharmacy visitor respondents who received counseling services by pharmacists. A total of 82 patients participated in this study. The amount of WTP is determined based on the average WTP value chosen by the patients with the payment card method. The result showed that the average WTP value of pharmacist counseling services at pharmacies in Sukoharjo regency was Rp. 15,892.
Genç Yetişkinlerin Aldatmaya Yönelik Niyetleri Üzerinde Aldatmaya Yönelik Tutum Ve Sosyal Medya Kullanımının Etkisi
Authors: DURSUN Asiye , ÖZKAN Murat Sinan
Published: March 2019

Genç yetişkinlik, mesleki hayata başlama ve eş seçme gibi gelişim görevlerini barındıran dönemlerden biridir. Gelişen teknoloji ve internetin yaşamın birçok alanında olması ile genç yetişkinler, yoğun şekilde sosyal medya kullanmakta, ilişki başlatma ve sürdürme konusunda sosyal medyayı tercih etmektedir. Aynı zamanda bireylerin romantik ilişkileri bazen aldatma ile zarar görebilmektedir. Bu araştırma, sosyal medya kullanımın bu denli yoğun olduğu genç yetişkinlik döneminde, aldatma olgusunun sosyal medya kullanımı ile ilişkisini irdelemeyi amaçlayan betimsel bir çalışmadır.Araştırma grubunu 293 (%72.7)kadın, 110 (%27.3)erkek olmak üzere toplam 403 genç yetişkin oluşturmaktadır.Araştırmada, sosyal medya kullanım ölçeği, aldatmaya yönelik tutum ve aldatmaya yönelik niyet ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre genç yetişkinlerin cinsiyet değişkenine ilişkin cinsel deneyim ve ilişki dur,umuna göre çapraz tablo sonuçları incelenmiştir. Ayrıcagenç yetişkinlerin aldatmaya yönelik niyetlerini ne derece açıkladıkları regresyon analizi ile incelenmiş ve açıklayıcı değişkenlerin yani;cinsiyet, sosyal medya kullanımı, olumlu-olumsuz aldatmaya yönelik tutum (aldatmaya yönelik tutum ölçeği alt boyutları) değişkenleri aldatmaya yönelik niyet değişkeninianlamlı şekilde yordadığı görülmüştür.