bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of α-Fe2O3, CuO and GO 2D nano-fillers on the structure, physical properties and antifungal activity of Na-CMC–PAAm blend
Authors: Abou Elfadl A. , Ibrahim Asmaa M. M. , El Sayed Adel M. , Saber S. , Elnaggar Sameh , Ibrahim Ibrahim M.
Published: July 2023

The present work aims to improve the uses of the carboxymethyl cellulose–polyacrylamide (Na-CMC–PAAm) blend for energy storage, optoelectronic applications, biological control, and plant disease management. Nano-sized materials (α-Fe2O3 nanoplates (NP), CuO NP, and GO nanosheets (NS), were synthesized and incorporated into the blend. The phase purity and morphologies of the used fillers were studied by XRD and HR-TEM. The interactions and complexation between the nano-fillers and the blend chains were investigated using XRD and FTIR spectra. The chemical composition and surface morphology of the nanocomposites were studied using EDS and FE-SEM analysis. UV-vis-NIR spectra revealed that the blend shows about 95% transmittance, reduced by 10–30% after doping. The absorption and refractive indices, as well as the optical gaps of the blend, were greatly affected by the doping. The dielectric constant and loss depend on the type of filler and the applied frequency. The maximum ac conductivity of the blend at 303 K and 4.0 MHz is 21.5 × 10–4 S/m and increased to 23.5 × 10–4 S/m after doping with CuO NP. The thermal stability, activation energy, stress–strain curves, and tensile strength are dependent on the filler type. All nanocomposite solutions except the blend exhibited a wide range of antifungal properties against pre- and post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi. Aspergillus niger among the examined fungi showed high sensitivity to the tested nanocomposite solutions. Furthermore, the CuO/blend nanocomposite had the highest antifungal activity against all tested fungi. Based on that, we suggest the use of CuO/blend and GO/blend nanocomposites to control and combat pre- and post-harvest fungal plant diseases.
Effects of basin-scale climate modes and upwelling on nearshore marine heatwaves and cold spells in the California Current
Authors: Dalsin Michael , Walter Ryan K. , Mazzini Piero L. F.
Published: July 2023

Marine heatwaves and cold spells (MHWs/MCSs) have been observed to be increasing globally in frequency and intensity based on satellite remote sensing and continue to pose a major threat to marine ecosystems worldwide. Despite this, there are limited in-situ based observational studies in the very shallow nearshore region, particularly in Eastern Boundary Current Upwelling Systems (EBUS). We analyzed a unique dataset collected in shallow waters along central California spanning more than four decades (1978–2020) and assessed links with basin-scale climate modes [Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño (MEI)] and regional-scale wind-driven upwelling. We found no significant increase/decrease in MHW/MCS frequency, duration, or intensity over the last four decades, but did observe considerable interannual variability linked with basin-scale climate modes. Additionally, there was a decrease in both MHW/MCS occurrence during the upwelling season, and the initiation of individual MHWs/MCSs coincided with anomalous upwelling. Most notably, the co-occurrence of warm (cold) phases of the PDO and MEI with negative (positive) upwelling anomalies strongly enhanced the relative frequency of positive (negative) temperature anomalies and MHW (MCS) days. Collectively, both basin-scale variability and upwelling forcing play a key role in predicting extreme events and shaping nearshore resilience in EBUS.
Comparative biological activity of abamectin formulations on root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) infecting cucumber plants: in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Massoud Magdy A. , Saad Abdel Fattah S. A. , Khalil Mohamed S. , Zakaria Mosher , Selim Shady
Published: July 2023

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are considered one of the most destructive diseases in the world. In Egypt, farmers primarily rely on chemical nematicides, which have become costly to control. Currently, abamectin is a bio-based pesticide used as an alternative tool against Meloidogyne spp. on cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.). During the current research, four tested abamectin formulations were DIVA (1.8% EW), RIOMECTIN (5% ME), AGRIMEC GOLD (8.4% SC) and ZORO (3.6% EC) compared with two reference nematicides namely, CROP NEMA (5% CS) and TERVIGO (2% SC). The main results showed that, in vitro study elucidated that the most effective formulations of abamectin as a larvicidal were EW with LC50 value of 21.66 µg ml−1. However, in the egg hatching test, the formulations of abamectin SC (2%) and EW were the most effective in reducing egg hatching, with LC50 values of 12.83 and 13.57 µg ml−1. The calculated relative potency values showed diversity depending on the two referenced nematicides. On the other hand, in vivo study, the results indicated that, all tested formulations of abamectin recorded general mean reductions in root galls (23.05–75.23%), egg masses (14.46–65.63%). Moreover, the total population density declined by 39.24–87.08%. Furthermore, the influence of abamectin formulations, in the presence of root-knot nematodes, on the growth of cucumber plants parameters, such as root dry weight, root length, root radius, root surface area, shoot dry weight and shoot height, as well as the content of macro-elements (N, P and K) exhibited varying levels of response.
Seroprevalence of leptospirosis among blood donors in an endemic area
Authors: Limothai Umaporn , Tachaboon Sasipha , Dinhuzen Janejira , Singh Jasleen , Jirawannaporn Sirawit , Leewongworasingh Akarathep , Thongpin Matsaya , Brameld Suppalak , Watanaboonyongcharoen Phandee , Sitprija Visith , Tantawichien Terapong , Thisyakorn Usa , Srisawat Nattachai
Published: July 2023

Thailand is known to be endemic for leptospirosis. This bacterium may pose a potential risk to transfusion safety. This study was a cross-sectional study examining the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among Thai blood donors. A total of 1053 serum specimens collected from blood donors residing in 5 regions of Thailand during March to September 2020 were included in this study. All samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to 22 leptospiral serovars using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies using commercially available enzyme immunoassay. We found no evidence of recent exposure to Leptospira spp. in sera of healthy Thai blood donors by MAT, including those in higher-risk areas. However, in this same group, we did find small numbers of past exposure (1.7%) to Leptospira spp. by IgG ELISA. According to the findings of this study, there is currently no evidence for implementing new blood banking procedures to identify possible carriers in Thailand, however these should be continually monitored and revised according to the infectious disease burden in each country. It should be noted that there was a difference in the occupation rate between the general population reported in Thailand and blood donors in this study; it may not reflect the actual situation in the country.
Research on the anti-ageing mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L.
Authors: Li Ping , Lv Xiao , Wang Junrong , Zhang Chenyang , Zhao Jiahao , Yang Yadong
Published: July 2023

Prunella vulgaris L. (P. vulgaris) has long been considered to have antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, lowering blood lipids and pressure. Many studies show that in addition to the traditional telomere attrition, DNA damage and epigenetic changes, immunosenescence is also a new possibility to explore the mechanism of ageing. Therefore, this herb may have potential anti-ageing effects. Typically, there are a series of markers that identify senescent cells, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, an inhibitor of CDK4 (p16INK4A), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, immune cells number, proliferation, and nuclear abnormalities. These changes rarely present in young tissues, while greatly increasing in response to ageing. Firstly, the ageing model of the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse was established by d-galactose subcutaneous injection. Then, SOD2, p16INK4A and TNF-α were detected by quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR), Western Blot (WB) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Simultaneously, senescent cells in livers were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The viability of splenocytes was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8). The difference in specific immune cells (NK cells, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes) was detected by flow cytometry. Both low (100 mg/kg) and high (300 mg/kg) concentrations of P. vulgaris treated ageing ICR mice show anti-ageing alterations, such as p16INK4A decreased approximately 1/2 and SOD2 tripled in livers, TNF-α decreased from 1 to 0.6 in plasma, and T cells increased from 0.09 to 0.19%. Compared with the ageing group, the spleen cells in the Prunella-treated group had stronger proliferation ability. Thus, P. vulgaris could have an anti-ageing effect. This is the first study to demonstrate the anti-ageing effect of P. vulgaris. It may also be capable of preventing a variety of age-related diseases.
Structural insights into selective small molecule activation of PKG1α
Authors: Metwally Essam , Mak Victor , Soriano Aileen , Zebisch Matthias , Silvestre H. Leonardo , McEwan Paul A. , Ermakov Grigori , Beaumont Maribel , Tawa Paul , Barker John J. , Yen Rose , Patel Akash , Lim Yeon-Hee , Healy David , Hanisak Jennifer , Cheng Alan C. , Greshock Tom , Fischmann Thierry O.
Published: July 2023

cGMP-dependent protein kinase I-α (PKG1α) is a target for pulmonary arterial hypertension due to its role in the regulation of smooth muscle function. While most work has focused on regulation of cGMP turnover, we recently described several small molecule tool compounds which were capable of activating PKG1α via a cGMP independent pathway. Selected molecules were crystallized in the presence of PKG1α and were found to bind to an allosteric site proximal to the low-affinity nucleotide binding domain. These molecules act to displace the switch helix and cause activation of PKG1α representing a new mechanism for the activation and control of this critical therapeutic path. The described structures are vital to understanding the function and control of this key regulatory pathway.
Chromosome-level genome assembly and population genomics of Robinia pseudoacacia reveal the genetic basis for its wide cultivation
Authors: Wang Zefu , Zhang Xiao , Lei Weixiao , Zhu Hui , Wu Shengdan , Liu Bingbing , Ru Dafu
Published: July 2023

Urban greening provides important ecosystem services and ideal places for urban recreation and is a serious consideration for municipal decision-makers. Among the tree species cultivated in urban green spaces, Robinia pseudoacacia stands out due to its attractive flowers, fragrances, high trunks, wide adaptability, and essential ecosystem services. However, the genomic basis and consequences of its wide-planting in urban green spaces remains unknown. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of R. pseudoacacia, revealing a genome size of 682.4 Mb and 33,187 protein-coding genes. More than 99.3% of the assembly is anchored to 11 chromosomes with an N50 of 59.9 Mb. Comparative genomic analyses among 17 species reveal that gene families related to traits favoured by urbanites, such as wood formation, biosynthesis, and drought tolerance, are notably expanded in R. pseudoacacia. Our population genomic analyses further recover 11 genes that are under recent selection. Ultimately, these genes play important roles in the biological processes related to flower development, water retention, and immunization. Altogether, our results reveal the evolutionary forces that shape R. pseudoacacia cultivated for urban greening. These findings also present a valuable foundation for the future development of agronomic traits and molecular breeding strategies for R. pseudoacacia.
A genome-wide association study identifies 41 loci associated with eicosanoid levels
Authors: Rhee Eugene P. , Surapaneni Aditya L. , Schlosser Pascal , Alotaibi Mona , Yang Yueh-ning , Coresh Josef , Jain Mohit , Cheng Susan , Yu Bing , Grams Morgan E.
Published: July 2023

Eicosanoids are biologically active derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids with broad relevance to health and disease. We report a genome-wide association study in 8406 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, identifying 41 loci associated with 92 eicosanoids and related metabolites. These findings highlight loci required for eicosanoid biosynthesis, including FADS1-3, ELOVL2, and numerous CYP450 loci. In addition, significant associations implicate a range of non-oxidative lipid metabolic processes in eicosanoid regulation, including at PKD2L1/SCD and several loci involved in fatty acyl-CoA metabolism. Further, our findings highlight select clearance mechanisms, for example, through the hepatic transporter encoded by SLCO1B1. Finally, we identify eicosanoids associated with aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and demonstrate the substantial impact of genetic variants even for medication-associated eicosanoids. These findings shed light on both known and unknown aspects of eicosanoid metabolism and motivate interest in several gene-eicosanoid associations as potential functional participants in human disease.
Can the double-slit experiment distinguish between quantum interpretations?
Authors: Ayatollah Rafsanjani Ali , Kazemi MohammadJavad , Bahrampour Alireza , Golshani Mehdi
Published: July 2023

Despite the astonishing successes of quantum mechanics, due to some fundamental problems such as the measurement problem and quantum arrival time problem, the predictions of the theory are in some cases not quite clear and unique. Especially, there are various predictions for the joint spatiotemporal distribution of particle detection events on a screen, which are derived from different formulations and interpretations of the quantum theory. Although the differences are typically small, we show that these predictions can be experimentally distinguished by a proposed unconventional double-slit configuration, which is realizable using present-day single-atom interferometry. This experiment would enrich our understanding of the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Plasma proteomics discovery of mental health risk biomarkers in adolescents
Authors: de Sousa Maciel Izaque , Piironen Aino-Kaisa , Afonin Alexey M. , Ivanova Mariia , Alatalo Arto , Jadhav Kaustubh Kishor , Julvez Jordi , Foraster Maria , van Kamp Irene , Kanninen Katja M.
Published: July 2023

An estimated 10–20% of adolescents experience mental health conditions, and most of them remain underdiagnosed and undertreated. Discovering new susceptibility biomarkers is therefore important for identifying individuals at high risk of developing mental health problems, and for improving early prevention. Here we aimed to discover plasma protein-based susceptibility biomarkers in children/adolescents aged 11–16 years at risk of developing mental health issues. Risk was evaluated on the basis of self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores, and plasma proteomic data were obtained for individuals participating in the Spanish WALNUTs cohort study by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify the biological processes and pathways in which the identified biomarker candidates are involved; 58 proteins were significantly associated with the SDQ score. The most prominent enriched pathways related to these proteins included immune responses, blood coagulation, neurogenesis and neuronal degeneration. This exploratory study revealed several alterations of plasma proteins associated with the SDQ score in adolescents, which opens a new avenue to develop novel susceptibility biomarkers to improve early identification of individuals at risk of mental health problems.
DNA-mediated regioselective encoding of colloids for programmable self-assembly
Authors: Ding Longjiang , Chen Xiaoliang , Ma Wenhe , Li Jiang , Liu Xiaoguo , Fan Chunhai , Yao Guangbao
Published: July 2023

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in DNA-mediated regioselective encoding of colloids, emphasizing the critical role of regioselective DNA recognition in the assembly of colloidal structures and their applications.
Imperfect makes perfect: defect engineering of photoelectrodes towards efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Wang Xin , Ma Siqing , Liu Boyan , Wang Songcan , Huang Wei
Published: July 2023

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen evolution has been considered as a promising technology to solve the energy and environmental issues.
Galectin-targeting glycocalix[4]arenes can enter the cells
Authors: Vlachová Miluše , Tran Van Nguyen , Červený Jakub , Dolníček František , Petrásková Lucie , Pelantová Helena , Kundrát Ondřej , Cvačka Josef , Bosáková Zuzana , Křen Vladimír , Lhoták Pavel , Viktorová Jitka , Bojarová Pavla
Published: July 2023

Multivalent high-affinity glycocalix[4]arenes carrying a coumaryl-substituted glycomimetic can enter epithelial cells and are able to modulate the expression of galectin-3.
Photonic enhancement in photoluminescent metal halide perovskite–photonic crystal bead hybrids
Authors: Lapointe Victoria , Imperiale Christian J. , Chengadu Sollavi , Pomilio Cristina M. , Ganesh Meera , Kéna-Cohen Stephane , Majewski Marek B.
Published: July 2023

Photonic crystal-perovskite nanocrystal hybrid beads exhibit Purcell enhancement and increased quantum yields of photoluminescence. The photonic crystal matrix is key for modulating the optoelectronic properties of the incorporated nanocrystals.
Chlorine-mediated electrodeposition of hierarchical and hydrophobic copper electrocatalysts for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene
Authors: Wu Yinqiong , Feng Jiye , Shi Danni , Zhang Wenbiao , Tang Yi , Gao Qingsheng
Published: July 2023

Hierarchical Cu dendrites fabricated via Cl-mediated electrodeposition afford high C2H4 efficiency in CO2 electroreduction thanks to not only the optimal hydrophobicity/aerophilicity, but also the mainly-exposed (100) and (110) facets.
Aggregation induced luminescence of metal complexes: advances and applications
Authors: Fermi Andrea , Ceroni Paola , Laskar Inamur Rahaman
Published: July 2023

Guest editors Andrea Fermi, Paola Ceroni and Inamur Rahaman Laskar introduce this Spotlight Collection: Aggregation induced luminescence of metal complexes.
Comparing the inhibitory effects of CuO-rGO, CuO NPs, and CuCl2 on the oomycete Phytophthora sojae: insights from phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Li Tao , Li Yuhua , Qin Peiyan , Wei Gehong , Chen Chun
Published: July 2023

The antibacterial mechanism involves inducing oxidative stress, resulting in disruptions to the mycelial cell membrane, intracellular structure, and various metabolic processes.
CO2-assisted hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose and cellulose-based waste into sorbitol over commercial Ru/C
Authors: Polidoro Daniele , Stamilla Giancarmelo , Feltracco Matteo , Gambaro Andrea , Perosa Alvise , Selva Maurizio
Published: July 2023

A single-step protocol was developed for the hydrolytic hydrogenation of microcrystalline cellulose into sorbitol over commercial carbon-supported Ru, in the presence of gaseous CO2 as an acid source and molecular hydrogen as a reductant.
One-pot photoenzymatic synthesis of maleic acid and its derivatives from bio-based furfural via catalytic cascades
Authors: Zou Si-Mou , Wang Jian-Peng , Zong Min-Hua , Wang Zhi-Lin , Zheng Zhao-Juan , Li Ning
Published: July 2023

A one-pot photoenzymatic route was developed for selective conversion of bio-based furfural into maleic acid, fumaric acid and d-malic acid.
Water-soluble ferrous metallacage combined with oxaliplatin for a synergistic chemo/chemodynamic therapy
Authors: He Jing , He Wei , Wang Run , Jiao Jingjing , Yang Shiping
Published: July 2023

FM@OXA-PEG for chemotherapy combined with enhanced chemodynamic therapy.
Engineering yeast for the production of plant terpenoids using synthetic biology approaches
Authors: Bureau Jean-Alexandre , Oliva Magdalena Escobar , Dong Yueming , Ignea Codruta
Published: July 2023

Yeast cell factories represent an alternative solution for the sustainable production of plant terpenoids.
Palladium-catalyzed C–H dimethylamination of 1-chloromethyl naphthalenes with N,N-dimethylformamide as the dimethyl amino source
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Wang Ziyang , Gao Ya , Yamaguchi Masahiko , Bao Ming
Published: July 2023

Remote C–H dimethylamination of 1-chloromethylnaphthalenes with DMF.
Enabling uniform Li deposition behavior with dynamic electrostatic shield by the single effect of potassium cation additive for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Han Ji Woo , Park Bo Keun , Kim Yong Min , Sim Yoonbo , Ho Van-Chuong , Mun Junyoung , Kim Ki Jae
Published: July 2023

The introduction of optimized amounts (0.010 M) of KTFSI additives results in preferential adsorption at the tip areas to form an electrostatic shielding effect, so that Li+ grows uniformly on other flat regions.
Accelerating reaction modeling using dynamic flow experiments, part 2: development of a digital twin
Authors: Silber Klara , Sagmeister Peter , Schiller Christine , Williams Jason D. , Hone Christopher A. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: July 2023

We describe the development of a digital twin for a Michael addition continuous-flow process using data generated from dynamic flow experimentation.
Ce-doped NiFe layered double hydroxide coated NiMoOxS4−x compounds: an efficient OER catalyst in alkaline solution
Authors: Wang Nu , Wang Xinyue , Shan Yan , Liu Jia , Zhang Jian , Chen Kezheng , Yu Xuegang
Published: July 2023

The combination of Ce doped NiFe LDH and NiMoOxS4−x with oxygen vacancies can enhance OER activity.
Modeling Parkinson’s disease in LRRK2 rodents
Authors: Domenicale Chiara , Magnabosco Stefano , Morari Michele
Published: July 2023

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sporadic PD and LRRK2 PD share main clinical and neuropathological features, namely hypokinesia, degeneration of nigro-striatal dopamine neurons and α-synuclein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies. Animals harboring the most common LRRK2 mutations, i.e. p.G2019S and p.R1441C/G, have been generated to replicate the parkinsonian phenotype and investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Disappointingly, however, LRRK2 rodents did not consistently phenocopy hypokinesia and nigro-striatal degeneration, or showed Lewy body-like aggregates. Instead, LRRK2 rodents manifested non-motor signs and dysregulated transmission at dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic synapses that are reminiscent of behavioral and functional network changes observed in the prodromal phase of the disease. LRRK2 rodents also manifested greater susceptibility to different parkinsonian toxins or stressors when subjected to dual-hit or multiple-hit protocols, confirming LRRK2 mutations as genetic risk factors. In conclusion, LRRK2 rodents represent a unique tool to identify the molecular mechanisms through which LRRK2 modulates the course and clinical presentations of PD and to study the interplay between genetic, intrinsic and environmental protective/risk factors in PD pathogenesis.
Neural Changes in Children With Residual Speech Sound Disorder After Ultrasound Biofeedback Speech Therapy
Authors: Spencer Caroline , Vannest Jennifer , Preston Jonathan L. , Maas Edwin , Sizemore Erin Redle , McAllister Tara , Whalen D. H. , Maloney Thomas , Boyce Suzanne
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Children with residual speech sound disorders (RSSD) have shown differences in neural function for speech production, as compared to their typical peers; however, information about how these differences may change over time and relative to speech therapy is needed. To address this gap, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine functional activation and connectivity on adaptations of the syllable repetition task (SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds) in children with RSSD before and after a speech therapy program.

Method:

Sixteen children with RSSD completed an fMRI experiment before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) a speech therapy program with ultrasound visual feedback for /ɹ/ misarticulation. Progress in therapy was measured via perceptual ratings of productions of untreated /ɹ/ word probes. To control for practice effects and developmental change in patterns of activation and connectivity, 17 children with typical speech development (TD) completed the fMRI at Time 1 and Time 2. Functional activation was analyzed using a region-of-interest approach and functional connectivity was analyzed using a seed-to-voxel approach.

Results:

Children with RSSD showed a range of responses to therapy. After correcting for multiple comparisons, we did not observe any statistically significant cross-sectional differences or longitudinal changes in functional activation. A negative relationship between therapy effect size and functional activation in the left visual association cortex was on the SRT-Late Sounds after therapy, but it did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Significant longitudinal changes in functional connectivity were observed for the RSSD group on SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds, as well as for the TD group on the SRT-Early Sounds. RSSD and TD groups showed connectivity differences near the left insula on the SRT-Late Sounds at Time 2.

Conclusion:

RSSD and treatment with ultrasound visual feedback may thus be associated with neural differences in speech motor and visual association processes recruited for speech production.
Stereoscopic disambiguation of vector magnetograms: First applications to SO/PHI-HRT data
Authors: Valori G. , Calchetti D. , Moreno Vacas A. , Pariat É. , Solanki S. K. , Löschl P. , Hirzberger J. , Parenti S. , Albert K. , Albelo Jorge N. , Álvarez-Herrero A. , Appourchaux T. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , Campos-Jara A. , Feller A. , Gandorfer A. , García Parejo P. , Germerott D. , Gizon L. , Gómez Cama J. M. , Guerrero L. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Kahil F. , Kolleck M. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Orozco Suárez D. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Schou J. , Schühle U. , Sinjan J. , Staub J. , Strecker H. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Volkmer R. , Woch J.
Published: July 2023

Contact. Spectropolarimetric reconstructions of the photospheric vector magnetic field are intrinsically limited by the 180° ambiguity in the orientation of the transverse component. So far, the removal of such an ambiguity has required assumptions about the properties of the photospheric field, which makes disambiguation methods model-dependent.

Aims. The successful launch and operation of Solar Orbiter have made the removal of the 180° ambiguity possible solely using observations of the same location on the Sun obtained from two different vantage points.

Methods. The basic idea is that the unambiguous line-of-sight component of the field measured from one vantage point will generally have a nonzero projection on the ambiguous transverse component measured by the second telescope, thereby determining the “true” orientation of the transverse field. Such an idea was developed and implemented as part of the stereoscopic disambiguation method (SDM), which was recently tested using numerical simulations.

Results. In this work we present a first application of the SDM to data obtained by the High Resolution Telescope (HRT) on board Solar Orbiter during the March 2022 campaign, when the angle with Earth was 27 degrees. The method was successfully applied to remove the ambiguity in the transverse component of the vector magnetogram solely using observations (from HRT and from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager) for the first time.

Conclusions. The SDM is proven to provide observation-only disambiguated vector magnetograms that are spatially homogeneous and consistent. A discussion on the sources of error that may limit the accuracy of the method, and strategies to remove them in future applications, is also presented.
Correlation between the optical veiling and accretion properties
Authors: Nelissen M. , Natta A. , McGinnis P. , Pittman C. , Delvaux C. , Ray T.
Published: July 2023

Context. Classical T Tauri stars (cTTs) accrete from their circumstellar disk. The material falls onto the stellar surface, producing an accretion shock, which generates veiling in a star’s spectra. In addition, the shock causes a localized accretion spot at the level of the chromosphere.

Aims. Our goal is to investigate the accretion, particularly the mass accretion rates (Ṁacc), for the cTTs DK Tau, over two periods of 17 and 29 days, using two different procedures for comparison purposes.

Methods. The first method relies on the derivation of the accretion luminosity via accretion-powered emission lines. The second compares the variability of the optical veiling with accretion shock models to determine mass accretion rates. We used observations taken in 2010 and 2012 with the ESPaDOnS (Echelle SpectroPolarimetric Device for the Observation of Stars) spectropolarimeter at the CFHT (Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope).

Results. We find peak values of the veiling (at ∼550 nm) ranging from 0.2 to 1.3, with a steeper trend across the wavelength range for higher peak values. When using the accretion-powered emission lines, we find mass accretion rate values ranging from log (Ṁacc[M⊙ yr−1]) = −8.20 to log (Ṁacc[M⊙ yr−1]) = −7.40. This agrees with the values found in the literature, as well as the values calculated using the accretion shock models and the veiling. In addition, we identify a power-law correlation between the values of the accretion luminosity and the optical veiling. For the 2010 observations, using the values of the filling factors (which represent the area of the star covered by an accretion spot) derived from the shock models, we infer that the accretion spot was located between +45° and +75° in latitude.

Conclusion. We show that both methods of determining the mass accretion rate yield similar results. We also present a helpful means of confirming the accretion luminosity values by measuring the veiling at a single wavelength in the optical.
Investigation of the influence of the torso, lips and vocal tract configuration on speech directivity using measurements from a custom head and torso simulator
Authors: Blandin Rémi , Geng Jingyan , Birkholz Peter
Published: July 2023

The human voice is a directional sound source. This property has been explored for more than 200 years, mainly using measurements of human participants. Some efforts have been made to understand the anatomical parameters that influence speech directivity, e.g., the mouth opening, diffraction and reflections due to the head and torso, the lips and the vocal tract. However, these parameters have mostly been studied separately, without being integrated into a complete model or replica. The aim of this work was to study the combined influence of the torso, the lips and the vocal tract geometry on speech directivity. For this purpose, a simplified head and torso simulator was built; this simulator made it possible to vary these parameters independently. It consisted of two spheres representing the head and the torso into which vocal tract replicas with or without lips could be inserted. The directivity patterns were measured in an anechoic room with a turntable and a microphone that could be placed at different angular positions. Different effects such as torso diffraction and reflections, the correlation of the mouth dimensions with directionality, the higher-order modes and the increase in directionality due to the lips were confirmed and further documented. Interactions between the different parameters were found. It was observed that torso diffraction and reflections were enhanced by the presence of the lips, that they could be modified or masked by the effect of higher-order modes and that the lips tend to attenuate the effect of higher-order modes.
Analysis on Feasibility of Applying Low-Temperature Emission to Coal-fired Power Plant in Cold Weather
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Yi , Li Guangri , Sun Dongdong , Qu Yi , Lai Yunfei
Published: July 2023

After the ultra-low emission(ULE) transformation, the emissions of ULE coal-fired power plants in China have been reduced greatly. However, considering the total amount of emissions, coal-fired power plants are still among the largest sources. And there may still have great potential in the removal of colored plume and some unconventional pollutants such as condensable particles matter (CPM) and sulfur trioxide (sulfuric acid mist). Though in cold days, hazes occur frequently. Besides, low-temperature condensation is conducive to the condensation and removal of vapor, CPM and sulfur trioxide in the flue gas. In this paper, a new method of low-temperature flue gas emission is proposed for coal-fired power plants in severe cold areas. The flue gas is cooled by ambient air, and discharged without reheating, and remarkable effects can be achieved in removing the pollutants. The technical feasibility and environmental compliance of applying this method to a power plant in cold weather have been analyzed. The results show that low-temperature emission of flue gas for coal-fired power plants in winter is effective in water-saving, emission reduction of pollutants and elimination of wet plume.
Multiple Optimization of Cold Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixture
Authors: Yin Kangliying
Published: July 2023

Many asphalt pavements fail structurally after having performed well for some years. In China, when low volume of traffic highway is recycled, the asphalt surface course and the base course stabilized by inorganic stabilizers are sometimes recycled and mixed together to form a new base. Portland cement, lime-fly ash, lime or Portland cement-fly ash is added to improve the strength of the new base, but they are not used at the same time, so it is difficult for a road engineer to select an effective and economical stabilizer. To evaluate the effect and economical efficiency of different stabilizers comprehensively, this paper used Portland cement, lime-fly ash, lime and Portland cement-fly ash to form four kinds of cold recycled mixtures and every kind of cold recycled mixture has 3 mix proportions. The unconfined compression strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting strength, compression resilient modulus, shrinkage performance, water stability performance, fatigue failure and engineering cost of 12 cold recycled mixtures were compared. Finally, the Portland cement-fly ash stabilized mixture with proportion of 5:15:80 was recommended.
Advances in Bioremediation of Agricultural Soil Contamination
Authors: Qi Weijun , Liu Xinyue , Lv Lianghe , Cui Shuang , Jiang Jianyu , Jiang Jing , Zhu Ziyue
Published: July 2023

With the rapid advancement of industrialization and agricultural intensification, the issue of farmland pollution has garnered significant attention. This paper introduces the sources and hazards of farmland pollution, along with the types, principles, and technical advantages of bioremediation. Additionally, it makes a brief prediction of future farmland restoration efforts. Research indicates that the primary sources of farmland pollution currently include four factors: the natural environment, atmospheric deposition, irrigation water, and agricultural production activities. There are two primary methods of remediation for farmland contamination: phytoremediation and microbial remediation. Phytoremediation is mainly used in heavy metal pollution treatment and can be divided into hyper-accumulation plants and low-accumulation crops based on the remediation method. Microbial remediation, meanwhile, is primarily utilized to remediate organic pollution and assist phytoremediation.
Phase Structure and Phase Stability Studies of La-Y Co-doped HfO2 Materials and Coatings
Authors: Zhao Hanqi , Fan Jianbin , Wang Quansheng
Published: July 2023

In this study, The 30 mol% La-Y co-doped HfO2 was prepared by solid-phase synthesis and the effect of the doping content of La element on the phase structure and high temperature phase stability was investigated by XRD. The results show that LaYSH is pyrochlore p-phase + fluorite c-phase when the doping content of La element is 6 and 9 mol%, and a single fluorite c-phase when the doping content is 0-3 mol%. After sintering at 1600 °C for 50 h, 0, 1 and 2 LaYSH remained as a single fluorite c-phase, 3 LaYSH produced 2.54 wt% pyrochlore p-phase, and the pyrochlore p-phase content in 6 and 9 LaYSH decreased to varying degrees. The prepared 0, 1 and 2 LaYSH coatings all had a single c-phase and remained unchanged in the single c-phase when sintered at 1600°C for 50 hours, demonstrating their good high temperature phase stability.
Study on the Effect of Binders on the Properties of Mullite Porous Ceramics for Flue Gas Filtration
Authors: Liu Zhenli , Yan Xinhua , Yuan Lei , Yu Jingkun
Published: July 2023

Fused mullite particles are used to prepare mullite porous ceramics by gel-casting method, using polysilicon waste and ρ-Al2O3 powder as the binder, and starch as the pore forming agent. The content of the pore forming agent was 20%, and the ratio of the mass of fused mullite particles to the mass of the binder was 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4, respectively. The effects of binder content on the properties of mullite ceramics in terms of phase composition, microstructure, apparent porosity, compressive strength, bulk density, pore size distribution, and filtration pressure drop were investigated. It was found that prepared porous mullite possessed relatively high apparent porosity (56.64-58.19%), and low bulk density (1.28-1.31g/cm3). With increasing binder content, the sintering shrinkage rate increased from 2.07 to 5.92%, the compressive strength increased from 1.01MPa to 6.08MPa. Therefore, the preparation of mullite ceramics was a near net size preparation, and the prepared porous ceramics meet the requirements of flue gas filtration.
Optimum Design of Ply-up of T800 Carbon Fiber Composite Laminates with Holes
Authors: Zhang Youhong , Li Jiaxiang , Sun Chaofan , Chang Xinlong , Yue Chunguo
Published: July 2023

Based on the HyperWorks software, this paper takes the layup sequence of carbon fiber composite laminates as the design variables, the main strain of the laminates and the continuous angle layup not exceeding four layers as constraints, and the maximum bearing capacity as the design goal. The optimized design of the laminate and the corresponding experimental verification were carried out. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation analysis results, indicating that the optimization design method proposed in this paper is reasonable.
Polymer Materials in Daily Life: Classification, Applications, and Future Prospects
Authors: Lu Jiamin
Published: July 2023

As science and technology continue to advance, the field of polymer chemistry has become a highly researched area. Polymer materials are now widely used in various aspects of our everyday lives, showcasing the versatility and practicality of this discipline. As people's lives become more affluent, their reliance on polymer materials has also grown stronger. This article aims to provide a brief overview of polymer materials, including their classification and applications. By exploring the various uses of polymer materials, the goal is to identify new opportunities for their application and contribute to enhancing people's quality of life.
Exploration and Development of Marine Renewable Energy in Fujian Province Towards Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Yang Wei , Kong Hao
Published: July 2023

To achieve peak carbon emission and carbon neutrality, marine renewable energy plays an essential role in energy transition in China’s coastal areas. Fujian Province is not only exposed to a shortage of traditional energy resources, but also urgently needs to change its current coal-based energy structure to reduce carbon emissions. In contrast to the scarcity of fossil fuels, Fujian Province has rich marine energy reserves, with an abundant supply of offshore wind, wave, tidal, and ocean current energy. Therefore, the active development of low-carbon and carbon-free marine energy can increase the energy supply and alleviate energy shortages. Furthermore, it can optimize the structure of the energy sector in this region. This study analyzed the energy structure of the Fujian Province, the effort needed to reach the carbon neutrality goal, the reserves of marine energy resources, the background of marine energy development technology, and socio-economic conditions. We believe that the development of the marine energy is a critical action towards solving the current energy resource limitations in Fujian and subsequently propose relevant suggestions for marine energy industry development in Fujian Province in terms of development ideas and pathways.
Determination of Fuel Saturated Dissolved Water Content and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Feng Lehui , Li Fangjun , Kang Jingxin
Published: July 2023

The presence of undissolved water in fuel can significantly impact the safety, stability, and durability of engine operation. Karl Fischer titration is a cost-effective and convenient approach to accurately measure the total water content in the fuel. The undissolved water content can be determined by subtracting the saturated dissolved water content from the total water content. This paper outlines a methodology for preparing dissolved water saturated fuel and investigates the effect of temperature and interfacial tension on the saturation solubility of water in 0# diesel fuel and 3# jet fuel. The results show that the saturated dissolved water content of the two fuels is linearly and positively correlated with the temperature; the use of surfactants was shown to decrease interfacial tension, thereby promoting the combination of fuel and water molecules and increasing saturated water solubility; molecular surfactants were more effective at combining fuel and water molecules than ionic surfactants when interfacial tension was held constant.
Study on Laminar Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia/ Hydrogen Premixed Based on Chemical Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Nie Tao , Zhang Ping , Yang Kun , Zhou Lei , Zheng Xiangquan , Luo Li
Published: July 2023

The combustion characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen premixed laminar flow and the effect of hydrogen on the combustion performance of ammonia fuel were studied. First, the corresponding model of ammonia/ hydrogen premixed laminar combustion is established by using GRI3.0 mechanism, Konnov mechanism, Mei mechanism, Okafor mechanism, and Otomo mechanism respectively. Second, the simulation results are compared with the experimental results. It is found that the Mei mechanism and Okafor mechanism are more suitable for ammonia/ hydrogen premixed laminar combustion. On this basis, the effects of equivalent ratio, hydrogen ratio, and initial temperature on laminar flame velocity, maximum combustion temperature, and NO mole fraction were studied. The results show that the laminar flame velocity, the maximum combustion temperature, and the mole fraction of NO first increase and then decrease with the increase of the equivalent ratio, and the laminar flame velocity reaches the maximum when the equivalent ratio is 1.1. At the same time, with the increase of hydrogen ratio and initial temperature, the maximum combustion temperature increases first and then decreases. The mole fraction of NO increased with the increase of hydrogen ratio and initial temperature. The results show that mixing hydrogen in ammonia can improve the combustion characteristics of ammonia.
Green Synthesis of 7,8-Difluoro-6, 11-Dihydrodibenz[B,E]Thiophene-11-One of Baloxavir Marboxil -- Reducing Environmental Pollution
Authors: Wang Jiaru , Ru Mengdi , Meng Zihui , Xu Zhibing
Published: July 2023

Baloxavir marboxil is a novel anti-influenza drug with a unique mechanism of action that can effectively treat both type A and type B influenza. Key intermediate compound 7,8-difluoro-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]thiophene-11-one is not only an important component of the chemical structure of baloxavir marboxil but also an essential intermediate in the synthetic route of the drug. However, conventional synthesis methods for key intermediate 7,8-difluoro-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]thiophene-11-one usually utilize dangerous and harmful chemicals that can cause significant environmental pollution during large-scale production. This article proposes a new synthesis route for 7,8-difluoro-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]thiophene-11-one to facilitate large-scale production while integrating the principles of green chemistry. This new route feature mild reaction conditions and simpler steps that result in an overall yield increase to 64.9%. More significantly, the new synthesis route reduces the use of hazardous chemicals, thus limiting the generation of hazardous waste during industrial production. This research offers significant potential for environmental pollution control.
Optimization Method for Minimum Carbon Emission Operation of Comprehensive Energy Park Based on Dynamic Carbon Emission Factor
Authors: Li Xiong , Lu Chunguang , Yao Li , Liu Wei , Wang Jiaying
Published: July 2023

With the grand goals of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” being put forward, establishing an efficient comprehensive energy system and promoting the allocation and consumption of clean energy have become the challenges faced by many industrial parks in energy conservation and carbon reduction. Because the comprehensive energy park has various energy forms such as cold, heat, electricity, and gas, the energy structure is complex, and the renewable energy and load are highly volatile. Aiming at this problem, this paper builds a low-carbon operation model of comprehensive energy parks based on dynamic carbon emission factors, which can significantly improve the accuracy of the total carbon emission consumption in the park, and provide strong support for guiding the operation of equipment in the park and the charging and discharging of energy storage equipment.
Predicting the Potential Stopover Sites of Ciconia Boyciana during Migration in China
Authors: Gao Huichun , Lian Yi , Mo Xunqiang , Ren Yangqianqian , Cui Tiejun
Published: July 2023

Ciconia boyciana is a rare migrant bird in China and is listed as endangered species by IUCN. In order to identify their important stopover sites during migration, based on the Random Forest and the MaxEnt model, the occurrence records of Ciconia boyciana in spring migration and autumn migration in 2021 and 24 environmental variables were used to simulate the potentially suitable stopover sites. Compared hotspot stopover sites with current conservation area distribution, the strategies of the conservation establishment were proposed.
Constructing a Stress Management Model Based on the Ecological Characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lv Zhanxuan , Zou Kai , Chen Kaijun , Mao Yan , Gu Xinyue
Published: July 2023

Assessing the environmental vulnerability of the Plateau is beneficial for a number of reasons, including understanding how the region’s environmental vulnerability developed and was formed, as well as for promoting the region’s green development and protecting the environment. This study has created a national response to pressure management model by integrating traditional management practices with the national response to pressure, and by examining the spatial and temporal characteristics of nature resources in the Plateau from 2000 to 2015. The findings demonstrate that the rate of change in Tibet Plateau’s delicate ecological environment is relatively slow, indicating the necessity for new management strategies to safeguard the natural environment.