bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molekuler Docking tehadap Senyawa Eugenol dan Myricetin pada Tanaman Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Gerungan Yizreel Y. , Kepel Billy J. , Fatimawali . , Manampiring Aaltje , Budiarso Fona D. , Bodhi Widdhi
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Cloves contain many chemical compounds that can be used for health. COVID-19 is a disease that is shaking the world today. Many people feel the impact of this disease. Until now, there is no definite cure and vaccine for the handling of COVID-19.  Objective to determine the interaction between compounds in cloves (eugenol and myricetin) and the main protease COVID-19 (6LU7). This study use a molecular docking, method using 4 main applications: autodock tools, autodock vina, biovia discovery studio and open babel. This study showed that almost all amino acid residues in the eugenol and myricetin compounds worked on the 6LU7 active site. The binding affinity of eugenol compounds in clove plants does not exceed the binding affinity of remdesivir, a drug studied as a drug for handling COVID-19, while the binding affinity of myricetin compounds in cloves plant exceeds the binding affinity of remdesivir. In conclusion, myricetin compounds have better results for use as a growth inhibitor for COVID-19 than eugenol.Key words: Cloves, COVID-19, molecular docking.  Abstrak: Cengkeh memiliki banyak kandungan senyawa kimia yang dapat dimanfaatkan bagi kesehatan. COVID-19 merupakan penyakit yang mengguncang dunia saat ini. Banyak masyarakat yang merasakan dampak dari penyakit ini. Hingga saat ini belum ada obat dan vaksin yang pasti untuk penanganan COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara senyawa pada cengkeh (eugenol dan myricetin) dengan main protease COVID-19 (6LU7). Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode molekuler docking dengan menggunakan 4 aplikasi utama: autodock tools, autodock vina, biovia discovery studio dan open babel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua residu asam amino pada senyawa eugenol dan myricetin bekerja pada sisi aktif 6LU7. Hasil binding affinity senyawa eugenol pada tumbuhan cengkeh tidak melebihi binding affinity dari remdesivir, obat yang diteliti sebagai obat penanganan COVID-19, sedangkan hasil binding affinity senyawa myricetin pada tumbuhan cengkeh melebihi binding affinity dari remdesivir. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah senyawa myricetin memiliki hasil yang lebih baik untuk digunakan sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan COVID-19 dari pada eugenol.Kata kunci: Cengkeh, COVID-19, molekuler docking.
Karakteristik Gambaran Histologis Paru-Paru Pasien COVID-19
Authors: Gaghaube Andre M. , Kaseke Martha M. , Kalangi Sonny J. R.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus. Coronavirus (COVID-19) first attacks the upper respiratory system such as the nose, mouth, throat even the lungs and can trigger symptoms of fever and cough (pneumonia) resulting in changes in lung organ tissue during histological examination. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the histological picture of the lungs of COVID-19 patients. This research uses a literature review research method. Based on 12 research reports analyzed in this research, the most common characteristic of histological features found in 12 research report journals is the finding of a diffuse alveolar damage pattern. Diffuse alveolar damage is a condition of acute lung injury which is accompanied by an acute phase with edema, a hyaline membrane, and inflammation followed by an organizing phase, where there is hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, there is also fibrin or intra-alveolar protein. In conclusion, the characteristics of the histological features of the lungs most commonly found in COVID-19 patients are the findings of a diffuse alveolar damage pattern, which is a condition of acute lung injury and an acute phase with edema, hyaline membrane, and inflammation followed by an organizing phase, namely there is hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, there is also fibrin or intra-alveolar proteinKeywords: lung histology, COVID-19.  Abstrak: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) adalah sebuah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh coronavirus. Coronavirus (COVID-19) pertama kali menyerang sistem pernapasan bagian atas seperti hidung, mulut, tenggorokan bahkan sampai ke paru – paru dan dapat memicu gejala demam dan batuk (pneumonia) sehingga terjadi perubahan jaringan organ paru – paru  pada saat dilakukan pemeriksaan histologi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik gambaran histologis paru – paru pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian literature review. Berdasarkan 12 laporan penelitian yang di analisis pada penelitian ini, karakteristik gambaran histologis yang paling umum ditemukan pada 12 jurnal laporan penelitian yaitu terdapat temuan pola diffuse alveolar damage. Diffuse alveolar damage merupakan kondisi cedera paru akut atau acute lung injury yang disertai dengan fase akut dengan adanya edema, terdapat membran hialin, dan inflamasi di ikuti dengan fase pengorganisasian yaitu terdapat hiperplasia pneumosit tipe II, juga terdapat fibrin atau protein intra-alveolar. Sebagai simpulan, karakteristik gambaran histologis paru – paru yang paling umum ditemukan pada pasien COVID-19 adalah temuan pola diffuse alveolar damage yang merupakan kondisi cedera paru akut atau acute lung injury serta fase akut dengan adanya edema, terdapat membran hialin, dan inflamasi di ikuti dengan fase pengorganisasian yaitu terdapat hiperplasia pneumosit tipe II, juga terdapat fibrin atau protein intra-alveolarKata Kunci: histologi paru, COVID-19
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistance (TB MDR)
Authors: Bawonte Trivianto G. , Mambo Christi D. , Masengi Angelina S. R.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to the first line of antituberculosis drugs are rifampicin and isoniazid. Globally, in 2017 there were around 558.000 new cases (range, 483.000-639.000) resistant TB rifampicin (TB RR), nearly half of which were in three counties, India (24%), China (13%), and Rusia (10%). WHO estimates that there are 23.000 cases of MDR/RR in Indonesia. In 2017, there were 442.000 TB cases recorded in the program, of which an estimated 8.600-15.000 MDR/RR TB cases. The research to determine the factors that influence Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR TB).this type of research is in the form of literature review with design of case control study and cross sectional study. The results showed that the risk factors were proven to influence the occurrence (MDR TB). The conclusion from 15 articles reviewed, it shows that age, gender, treatment irregularity and medication adherence are the most influencing factors for TB MDR.Keywords: Factors, TB MDR, multidrug resistance tuberculosis  Abstrak: Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistance (TB MDR) merupakan resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap jenis Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) lini pertama yaitu rifampisin dan isoniazid. Di tingkat global, di tahun 2017 terdapat sekitar 558.000 kasus baru (rentang, 483.000 - 639.000) TB rifampisin (TB RR) resistan di mana hampir separuhnya ada di tiga negara yaitu India (24%), China (13%), dan Rusia (10%). WHO memperkirakan ada 23.000 kasus MDR/RR di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2017 kasus TB yang tercatat di program ada sejumlah 442.000 kasus yang mana dari kasus tersebut diperkirakan ada 8.600-15.000 MDR/RR TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistance (TB MDR). Jenis penelitian ini berbentuk literature Review dengan rancangan case control study dan cross sectional study. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko terbukti mempengaruhi terjadinya (TB MDR). simpulan dari 15 artikel yang di review, menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, ketidakteraturan berobat, dan kepatuhan minum obat merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi terjadinyaTB MDR.Kata Kunci : Faktor – faktor, TB MDR, factors, multidrug tuberculosis
Pengaruh Senam Yoga terhadap Kualitas Tidur dan Fungsi Kognitif pada Lansia
Authors: Agnesia Auditya , Pangemanan Damajanty H. C. , Polii Hedison
Published: July 2021

Abstract: An Elderly is someone who has reached the age of 60 years or more. The number of elderly in Indonesia in 2020 has reached 28.7 million. This number continues to increase every year. The elderly will naturally experience changes both physically and mentally which can reduce their quality of life. The quality of sleep and cognitive function in the elderly also changes due to aging factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on sleep quality and cognitive function in the elderly. This research is a literature review. This study studied topics related to the effect of yoga exercises on sleep quality and cognitive function in the elderly from previous studies. The literature reviewed consists of 15 literature with 8 literature discussing the effect of yoga exercises on sleep quality in the elderly and 7 other literature discussed the effect of yoga exercise on cognitive function in the elderly. The results of this study indicate that yoga exercises that are carried out regularly both in the long and short term can improve the quality of sleep in the elderly and maintain cognitive function in the elderly. It can also prevent dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the elderly.Keywords: yoga exercise, sleep quality, cognitive function, elderly  Abstrak: Lansia merupakan seseorang yang sudah mencapai usia 60 tahun atau lebih. Jumlah lansia di Indonesia pada tahun 2020 mencapai 28,7 juta jiwa. Angka ini terus meningkat tiap tahunnya. Lansia secara alamiah akan mengalami perubahan baik secara fisik dan mental yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidupnya. Kualitas tidur dan fungsi kognitif pada lansia juga mengalami perubahan akibat faktor penuaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam yoga terhadap kualitas tidur dan fungsi kognitif pada lansia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang sifatnya literature review. Penelitian ini mempelajari topik-topik terkait pengaruh senam yoga terhadap kualitas tidur dan fungsi kognitif pada lansia dari penelitian-penelitiam sebelumnya. Literatur yang diulas dan dipelajari sebanyak 15 literatur dengan 8 literatur membahas pengaruh senam yoga terhadap kualitas tidur pada lansia dan 7 literatur lainnya mengulas pengaruh senam yoga terhadap fungsi kognitif pada lansia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa senam yoga yang dilakukan secara rutin baik dalam jangka panjang maupun pendek dapat memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas tidur lansia. Senam yoga juga dapat mempertahankan fungsi kognitif lansia dan mencegah lansia dari penyakit demensia dan alzheimer.Kata kunci : senam yoga, kualitas tidur, fungsi kognitif, lansia
Immigrant workers in the construction sector in italy: impact on safety and health
Authors: Misale Fiorenza
Published: July 2021

The profound changes that have taken place in Italian society have led to very strong changes in the labor market which is segmented, heterogeneous, outsourced and characterized by the growth of medium and medium-small businesses where the implementation of current legislation on safety in the workplace is often neglected and occupational risks are underestimated.
The disadvantage in which immigrant workers find themselves is greater than Italian workers for various reasons, as well as for social issues also due to problems of linguistic understanding.
Understanding security measures is also a purely linguistic fact and this is certainly a crucial aspect especially in the early stages of job placement and in job changes, the perceived difficulties at the level of linguistic communication are particularly felt by immigrant workers, not by chance. the request for information in the original language appears widespread.
It would be advisable to build training courses tailored to the needs of immigrants, compulsory language preparation courses, specific courses connected in particular to the risk sectors in which they find themselves and aimed at making their culture of safety at work dialogue with the Italian one.
Nuclear medicine in the pediatric field
Authors: Barone Sebastiano , Pagliuso Serena , Pagliuso Luana
Published: July 2021

The work presented describes the main ways of preparing radiopharmaceuticals and carrying out nuclear-medical examinations in pediatric patients. Through the differences in the execution of the tests, the importance of dosimetry is revealed, i.e. the diagnostic reference levels, in which the percentage of activity that must be administered to the child on the basis of that introduced in the adult is indicated.
Through a study performed on pediatric patients, subjected to nuclear-medical investigations, the validity of the LDRs is reported according to the scheme in tab. 6 (EANM-EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE).
Through a study conducted in pediatric patients, subjected to medical - nuclear investigations, the importance of the dose is noted in order to obtain greater benefits in the patient and high quality images for diagnostic purposes. By carrying out pediatric-radiopharmaceutical calculations, it is possible to reproduce the aforementioned, ie an optimization of the dose.
Using body surface area
Child's body surface area (m2)
_______________________________ = 0.53g: 1.8 g = 29% - 2.9 mCi
Adult's body surface area (m2)

Using organ weight
Target organ weight of child (g) = 93 g: 310g = 30% - 3.0 mCi
Target organ weight of adult (g)
Sports medicine in disabilities
Authors: Ripari Patrizio , Di Giacinto Gabriella , di Sante Gianluca , Barassi Giovanni
Published: July 2021

Daily physical activity is beneficial for all people and teenagers. For people with physical and sensorineural disabilities, similar recommendations regarding physical activity must be taken into account.
We hoped that the results of this contribution will promote our understanding of factors that influence physical activity levels and, in turn, inform about interventions to minimize inactivity.
Therefore, the purpose of this contribution is to examine the scientific literature to consider physical activity levels in sensorineural disabilities, observing how physical activity levels were measured and examining the reported factors that influenced the indications of the sports physician.
Block Based Enhancement using Deep Learning for Conversion of Low Resolution AVS Video to High Resolution HEVC Video
Authors: Qureshi Rizwan , Nawaz Mehmood
Published: July 2021

Conversion of one video bitstream to another video
bitstream is a challenging task in the heterogeneous transcoder
due to different video formats. In this paper, a region of interest
(ROI) based super resolution technique is used to convert the lowresolution AVS (audio video standard) video to high definition
HEVC (high efficiency video coding) video. Firstly, we classify
a low-resolution video frame into small blocks by using visual
characteristics, transform coefficients, and motion vector (MV)
of a video. These blocks are further classified as blocks of most
interest (BOMI), blocks of less interest (BOLI) and blocks of noninterest (BONI). The BONI blocks are considered as background
blocks due to less interest in video and remains unchanged
during SR process. Secondly, we apply deep learning based
super resolution method on low resolution BOMI, and BOLI
blocks to enhance the visual quality. The BOMI and BOLI blocks
have high attention due to ROI that include some motion and
contrast of the objects. The proposed method saves 20% to 30%
computational time and obtained appreciable results as compared
with full frame based super resolution method. We have tested
our method on different official video sequences with resolution
of 1K, 2K, and 4K. Our proposed method has an efficient visual
performance in contrast to the full frame-based super resolution
method.
Silicon Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators for Chemical and Biological Sensing: A Tutorial
Authors: Steglich Patrick , Rabus Dominik G. , Sada Cinzia , Paul Martin , Weller Michael G. , Mai Christian , Mai Andreas
Published: July 2021

Silicon photonic micro-ring resonators (MRR) developed on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, owing to their high sensitivity and small footprint, show great potential for many chemical and biological sensing applications such as label-free detection in environmental monitoring, biomedical engineering, and food analysis. In this tutorial, we provide the theoretical background and give design guidelines for SOI-based MRR as well as examples of surface functionalization procedures for label-free detection of molecules.
After introducing the advantages and perspectives of MRR, fundamentals of MRR are described in detail, followed by an introduction to the fabrication methods, which are based on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Optimization of MRR for chemical and biological sensing is provided, with special emphasis on the optimization of waveguide geometry. At this point, the difference between chemical bulk sensing and label-free surface sensing is explained, and definitions like waveguide sensitivity, ring sensitivity, overall sensitivity as well as the limit of detection (LoD) of MRR are introduced. Further, we show and explain chemical bulk sensing of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water and provide a recipe for label-free surface sensing.
Cumani
Authors: Pubblici Lorenzo
Published: July 2021

This book is a synthesis of the great migrations of the 6th-13th centuries, focused on the median space between the two extremes of the Eurasian continent: Western Europe and Eastern Asia. In the light of the sources, it aims to reassess the complexity of the relationships between the nomads of the steppes and the sedentarized societies that came into contact with them. The choice to focus on the Qïpčaq-Cumans is due to their history, unique because they never constituted an organized and centralized center of collective power (stateless nomads); and paradigmatic, because it encompasses all the constitutive elements of steppe nomadism: social heterogeneity, mobility, military preparation, attraction for trade and willingness to negotiate. The migrations of the nomads of the steppes and their arrival close to the great organized communities of the Islamic and Christian world, from Asia to Europe, contributed to triggering a process of integration between Asia and the Mediterranean basin, a process that the Mongol invasion and conquest completed, giving birth to a new shared global space.
Parents under Lockdown: the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Families
Authors: Biffi Elisabetta , Gambacorti-Passerini Maria Benedetta , Bianchi Daniela
Published: July 2021

This paper explores aspects of parenting during COVID-19 lockdown, analyzing the international literature and presenting a study conducted in Italy during the initial period of social isolation (March-May 2020). The pandemic has made childcare challenging for parents globally, compromising the well-being and mental health of caregivers themselves (Brooks et al., 2020), and creating a potentially highly vulnerable situation for children (Gromada, Richardson, Rees, 2020). The COVID-19 emergency and the restrictions it has entailed bear short- and long-term implications for families, including the potential impact of delaying implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations, 2015) and increased risk of children witnessing or experiencing violence and abuse (End Violence Against Children, 2020). Given this background, we investigated the family ecosystem, exploring both individual and parental factors in parents’ relationships with their children, during lockdown.
LEACHING OF VANADIUM FROM PETROLEUM COKE OF THE DELAYED COKING PROCESS OF HUDRON FROM A MIXTURE OF WESTERN SIBERIAN OILS
Authors:   St. Petersburg Mining University, Kudinova Anna A. , Kondrasheva Natalia K. ,   St. Petersburg Mining University, Rudko Viacheslav A. ,   St. Petersburg Mining University
Published: July 2021

Petroleum coke was used as a feedstock for the leaching process to produce vanadium oxide (V). The process was carried out in the presence of H2SO4 (12%) or NaOH (10%) with different ratios of solid and liquid phases (1:4, 1:3, 1:2), as well as different time of the process. The influence of the factors on the degree of vanadium extraction was studied. It was shown that sulfuric acid is a more efficient leaching agent compared to sodium hydroxide. Studies of the quality of the coke obtained after leaching were carried out, including the determination of the fine structure and thermal stability.
FEATURES OF INITIATION OF FILM CHARGES OF POLYMER-CONTAINING PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION OF VS-2 BY FLASH LAMP «EVIS-3»
Authors:   Russian Federal Nuclear Centre -All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Gerasimov Sergey I. ,   Sarov Institute of Physics and Technology - Branch of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI,   Alekseev State Technical University,   Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering Russian Academy of Sciences - Branch of the Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilyushin Mikhail A. ,   FSUE Special Design and Technological Bureau "Technologist",   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Kuznetsov Peter G. ,   Sarov Institute of Physics and Technology - Branch of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Putis Sergey M. ,   FSUE Special Design and Technological Bureau "Technologist",   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Dushenok Sergey A. ,   FSUE Special Design and Technological Bureau "Technologist", Rozhentsov Vladimir S. ,   Russian Federal Nuclear Centre -All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Shugalei Irina V. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of interaction of film charges of pyrotechnic composition VS-2 with incoherent radiation of flash lamps. It is shown that the pulsed light radiation of flash lamp «EVIS-3» causes detonation in the film of the photosensitive pyrotechnic fulmination of VS-2 at a speed from 4200 to 4500 m/s, and in the aluminum plate-witness – deformation, the value of which depends on the thickness of the film charge of the pyrotechnic composition of VS-2
DANGKE: SPECIFIC CULINARY ENREKANG SOCIETY
Authors: Masgaba Masgaba
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to describe the processing methods and cultural values contained in the business of making Dangke. This study used descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and literature study. The study result showed that Dangke is a kind of Enrekang people’s culinary. Initially, buffalo milk was the main ingredient used in making dangke, but it is replaced with milk from dairy cows today, because of the population of buffalo has decreased. The process of making Dangke used simple technology. Dangke was made using a coconut shell, thus its shaped like a dome, then packed using banana leaves. The values contained in the business of making Dangke were the cultural, social, economic, cooperation, accuracy, and used-effort values.
APPLYING EXPRESS METHOD OF DETERMINING THE FRESHNESS OF MEAT BY THE BONE MARROW
Authors:   Moscow state University of food production Moscow, Russian Federation, Nityaga I. M. , Usha B. V. ,   Moscow state University of food production Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the problem of the quality of products of animal origin occupies an important place in our country and all over the world. This is due to the increasing influence of technogenic factors on the environment, crops and productive animals. One of the main indicators of the quality of meat is its freshness. The existing traditional methods for determining the freshness of meat, in spite of the rather long practice of their application, are generally inefficient, subjective, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. One of the problems of reliable evaluation of meat sold in the markets is the detection of dystrophic and edematic changes in the muscle tissue of slaughter animals, in the presence of which meat must be culled. Such processes in meat can develop at various diseases and long starvation. Generally accepted laboratory methods practically do not reveal signs of swelling of the muscular tissue. The aim of the research was to study the possibility of using the express method of freshness control during veterinary and sanitary examination of meat sold in the markets. Approbation of the express method for determining the freshness of meat using bone marrow was carried out. It is shown that this express method allowed to increase the number of rejected samples with revealed signs of poor quality in 1,5...2 times in comparison with generally accepted organoleptic and physicochemical methods of research. It is shown that with the express analysis of muscle tissue it is possible to reliably determine the poor quality of meat, associated with pathological processes in the body or with the development of signs of spoilage. Such express methods have a certain perspective of using by laboratories of veterinaty and sanitary examination in markets and fairs, as well as in production laboratories of meat processing enterprises.
THE RESIDUAL AMOUNT OF LITHIUM IN THE MEAT OF BROILER CHICKENS UNDER PHARMACOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF STRESSES
Authors:   South Ural State Agrarian University Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russian Federation, Miftakhutdinov A. V. , Gribovskiy Yu. G. ,   Ural branch of All-Russian Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Velichko O. A. ,   Tyumen State University Tyumen, Russian Federation, Shabaldin C. V. ,   South Ural State Agrarian University Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russian Federation, Miftakhutdinov E. A. ,   South Ural State Agrarian University Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The article presents the assessment of residual amounts of lithium in meat of broiler chickens after the application of the pharmacological complex of SPAO in the prevention of pre-slaughter stresses. The concentration of lithium in biological objects was determined by the method of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Sample preparation for AAS-determination of metals was carried out by the method of dry mineralization. A sample of 100 grams of forcemeat was burned in a muffle furnace with stepwise heating (at 50 °C every 0,5 hours) to temperature of 500 °C. The ash was wetted with a solution of HNO3 at a dilution of 1:1 and dried. The dry residue was diluted with 1N HCl solution, filtered through the «blue tape” filter and the volume of acidic extract was adjusted to 25 ml. The detected concentrations of lithium in meat are safe and meet the standards for the intake of this essential element to men with food.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF FORMATION OF BIOFILMS BY CONDITIONALLY PATHOGENIC AND PATHOGENIC ENTEROSBACTERIES
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kononenko A. B. , Pavlova I. B. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bannikova D. A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Britova S. V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Savinova E. P. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Nabiullina D. N. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

To study the process of biofilm formation, microorganisms were cultured in 96-well plates, on meat-peptone broth, stained with a 0,1% solution of crystalline violet for 10...15 minutes, after which the unbound dye was washed off. The quantitative accounting of the bound dye was carried out by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 490 nm. The technique for making bacterial preparations for light and scanning electron microscopy on dodged glasses immersed in Petri dishes with a liquid nutrient medium is proposed. A suspension of bacteria at a concentration of 105 m.k/ml in a volume of 5 ml was shaken on Vortex apparatus and introduced into Petri dishes with 20 ml of meat-peptone broth. Sterile non-greased cover glasses were placed on sterile object glasses and immersed in a liquid nutrient medium in Petri dishes. The material was incubated for 18...24 hours at 37 °C. Then the cover slips were removed with tweezers and some of them were stained with 1% aqueous solution of methylene blue (for light microscopy), and some were placed in Petri dishes with bottomed filters (for electron microscopy). The latter, in order to preserve natural architectonics, were fixed in vivo by pairs of 25% glutaraldehyde for 3...5 hours. Vapors of 2...4% osmic acid solution were used for 2...3-minutes to contrast the preparations. After treatment with vapors of osmic acid, biofilms with included bacteria acquired yellowish or brown color. The obtained preparations after dehydration with propylene oxide vapors and spraying with gold ions were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The technique allows us to study the phases of development of biofilms and obtain objective data on the morphology of populations of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria without disturbing natural architectonics. It is shown that the intensity of biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms, such as salmonella, Yersinia, Staphylococcus aureus was slightly higher than that of non-pathogenic: Escherichia, Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PREPARATION GEPRASAN IN PREVENTION OF MYCOTOXYCOSIS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:   Krasnodar Research Veterinary Institute Krasnodar region, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Semenenko M. P. , Sokolov M. N. ,   Krasnodar Research Veterinary Institute Krasnodar region, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Kuzminova E. V. ,   Krasnodar Research Veterinary Institute Krasnodar region, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Miroshnichenko P. V. ,   Krasnodar Research Veterinary Institute Krasnodar region, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The article presents materials on the use of a new complex preparation geprasan for the prevention of mycotoxicosis of broiler chickens and its influence on safety, results of biochemical parameters of the blood serum and data of necropsy of the poultry liver. According to the scheme of the experiment, three groups of chickens were formed with 50 goals in each. Bird of the 1st group (control) during the whole experimental period received only feed of the main diet, chickens of the 2nd and 3rd groups for 21 days in the feed were added geprasan in amount of 1 and 2%, respectively, of the dry matter of the feed. During the experiment the following parameters were taken into account: safety, biochemical parameters of blood serum and data of liver necrosis. We found out that a long-term introduction of geprasan to feed diets of broilers at various doses has a positive effect on the biochemical parameters of blood serum and the indicators, characterizing the functional activity of hepatocytes of liver and reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on the poultry organism.
THE EFFECT OF FEED ADDITIVE ACID LAC DRY AND ITS COMBINATIONS WITH PROBIOTIC PROLAM ON THE PROCESS OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOCENOSIS FORMATION IN CALVES WITH HYPOTROPHY
Authors:   All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Shakhov A. G. , Sashnina L. Yu. ,   All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Shaposhnikov I. T. ,   All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Manzhurina O. A. ,   All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The article represents the data on studying the effect of feed additive Acid Lac Dry, probiotic Prolam and their complex application to calves with hypotrophy during colostral period on intestinal microbiocenosis formation. Researches were carried out on 32 newborn calves with hypotrophy of Holstein-Frisian rocks, which formed 4 groups (n=8). The drugs were not used for the animals of the 1st (control) group. Calves of experimental groups were prescribed orally in the 1st week of life: Asid Lak Dry 15,0 gramms as an aqueous suspension (group 2), probiotic Prolam with colostrum (milk) 5...7 cm3 (3rd group), Asid Lak Dry in combination with Prolam at indicated doses (4th group). The 1st day the preparations were prescribed after the colostrum had been drunk, and Asid Lak Dry – in the following days. During the period of application of the feed additive and probiotics, antimicrobials drugs were not prescribed. A positive effect of both preparations and especially their combination on normobiosis formation is demonstrated. This significantly prophylaxed gastrointestinal diseases of animals and decreased the duration of their treatment under their emergence.
EFFICIENCY OF ANTIPARASITIC DRUG IVERPRADAG IN THE TREATMENT OF PARASITOSES OF HORSES
Authors:   Moscow state University of food production, Moscow,Russian Federation, Ruban D. I. , Glamazdin I. G. ,   Moscow state University of food production, Moscow,Russian Federation, Udavliev D. I. ,   Moscow state University of food production, Moscow,Russian Federation, Mamedberdyeva M. D. ,   Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov Turkmen Agricultural University, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, Stepanova S. P. ,   Central scientific and methodological veterinary laboratory, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bondarenko V. O. ,   All-Russian State Center of Quality and Standardization of Medicines for Animals and Feeds, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The article provides information about the new preparation Iverpradag, developed by the firm "Gudratli lukman" (Turkmenistan), which is being tested in Russian Federation and Turkmenistan, intended for the prevention and treatment of parasitosis in horses. The active principle of the developed preparation is widely known and very effective ivermectin and praziquantel (in complex). Studies conducted in Russia and Turkmenistan showed high effectiveness of the drug against nematodes including Delafondia vulgaris, Alfortia edentatus, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Parascaris equorum, Strongylus equinus, Strongyloides westeri, Setaria equina, and cestode, including Anoplocephala magna, Anoplocephala perfoliata and Paranoplocephala mamillana, as well as against gastric larvae (Gastrophilus spp.) parasitizing in horses. The conducted studies showed high efficiency of the drug Iverpradag in the form of paste when applied at the rate of 1 dose (0,9 ml) per 100 kg of body weight.
EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON FISH DISEASES: RESEARCH METHODS, TRENDS,PROSPECTS
Authors:   Y. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary and Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zavyalova E. А. , Droshnev A. Е. ,   Y. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary and Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bulina K. Yu. ,   Y. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary and Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gulyukin А. M. ,   Y. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary and Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The epizootic situation on fish diseases in Russian Federation in 2015-2017 was analyzed in the article. The general research methodology, methodological approaches and methods of carrying epizootic studies allow to admit the epizootic situation in the country is controlled. From year to year since 2006 there has been a trend towards increasing the share of aquaculture production in Russia and the conservation of fishing in natural reservoirs. According to our observations, the prospect of conducting preliminary and regular studies is based on the interest of households in the results of work that can reduce the incidence of viral diseases (and inhibit the development of bacterial diseases) with increasing the fish production and/or long-term use of reservoirs.
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF "FORBICID" DISINFECTING AGENT
Authors:   «All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology» – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Popov N. I. , Mychko S. A. ,   «All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology» – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Alieva Z. E. ,   «All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology» – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Shcherbakova G. Sh. ,   «All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology» – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Morozova T. V. ,   «All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology» – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The article presents positive results of laboratory and industrial studies of a new disinfecting drug of domestic origin, Forbicide, LLC PC Vortex Laboratory test were carried out on test objects made of wood, cements, stainless steel, as well, as on metlakh and tiles. The museum cultures of E. coli (strain 1257), S. aureus (strain 209-P), Mycobacterium (strain B5), B. cereus (strain 96) were used as test microorganisms. To simulate the natural contamination of the surfaces, inactivated blood serum of the horse was taken, which was applied on the test surface at the rate of 0,5 g/100sm2. The research showed that Forbicide is an effective disinfectant and can be used for forced and preventive disinfection at veterinary surveillance sites.
EFFECTISAN FOR DISINFECTION OF OBJECTS OF VETERINARY SUPERVISION
Authors:   The Moscow State University of Food Productions, Moscow, Russian Federation, Udavliev D. I. , Abdullaeva A. M. ,   The Moscow State University of Food Productions, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shikhov S. S. ,   The Moscow State University of Food Productions, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vanner N. E. ,   «All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology» – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Filipenkova G. V. ,   «All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology» – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Stepanova S. P. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Central Scientific and Methodical Veterinary Laboratory", Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The article provides information about the effectiveness of the drug is Effectisan in the laboratory. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that the tested preparation possesses a certain high antimicrobial activity. The drug (in vitro) is effective at concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0% against E. coli (pcs 1257), St. aureus (pcs 209-P), Mycobacterium B-5, Bac. cereus (pcs 96). With wet disinfection at a concentration of 0.5% and a consumption rate of 350 ml/m2, the drug has a pronounced disinfection activity against surfaces made of various materials, the quality control of disinfection in which is carried out by the presence or absence of growth in the washouts of test cultures E. coli, S. aureus. At a concentration of 2.0% and the rate of 350 ml/m2 Effectisan has a pronounced disinfectant activity during processing objects and for quality control of disinfection by selection of cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (pcs-5).
THE ROLE OF WATER BAITS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST SYNANTHROPIC RODENTS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Klementeva S. A.
Published: July 2021

Isorat-1 has been experimentally developed as a lead bait for combating synanthropic rodents in veterinary services on the basis of a complex compound (zookoumarin plus synergist sulfahinoxaline) and its rodenticidal activity in laboratory and production conditions was studied.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ON PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Pavlova I. B. , Lenchenko E. M. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tolmacheva G. S. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of stages of biofilm formation and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The technique for preparation of drugs for investigation in an optical and scanning electron microscope has been developed, which allows one to consistently study populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria without disturbing natural architectonics. The culture of gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa №17 in the logarithmic growth phase of growth was used in the work. A solution of canned bile of cattle and pigs, antibiotics of different groups and disinfectants were used as antibacterial preparations. To study the morphology of the P. aeruginosa population, the preparations were fixed in vapor of 25% (by DW) solution of glutaraldehyde. For staining, pairs of a 1% aqueous solution of osmic acid (OSO4) were used, dehydrated with propylene oxide vapor. The action of antibacterial drugs of various groups were studied in the population of P. aeruginosa. Studying the sensitivity of bacteria by diffusion to agar using standard commercial discs, it was found that P. aeruginosa is sensitive to the β-lactam antibiotic group, aminoglycosides, quinolones. Experimental data on the study of the effect of antibacterial drugs on processes of biofilm formation expand the boundaries of knowledge in the field of reseaches of the adaptive capabilities of ubiquitous bacteria for long persistence in both the warm-blooded organism and in environmental objects.
SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS OF BACTERIA OF THE GENUS KLEBSIELLA ISOLATED FROM FOODS
Authors:   Moscow state University of Food Production, Moscow, Russian Federation, Stankevich A. A. , Bykova I. B. ,   Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and biotechnology Moscow, Russian Federation, Efimochkina N. R. ,   Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and biotechnology Moscow, Russian Federation, Netyaga I. M. ,   Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and biotechnology Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria contaminating food products of animal origin has become one of the serious health problems in recent years. Increased resistance of bacteria of Klebsiella genus to antimicrobials leads to their adaptation and spread of high - and multi-resistant strains. The study of 44 samples of poultry meat, dairy products and food established that the frequency of detection of Klebsiella is 22%. Most of the isolated food isolates were sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol. In 30% of cases resistance of Кlebsiell food isolates to penicillin and ampicillin, tetracycline antibiotics, gentamicin, streptomycin and nitrofurantoin was found. The presence of dissociation processes of Klebsiella food isolates and antibiotic resistance formation is shown.
INTERRELATION BETWEEN BACTERIAL ATP AND LEVEL OF MICROORGANISM CELLS IN THE WASHINGS OF PURE AND MIXED CULTURES OF ESCHERICHIA AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Sotnikova V. M. , Shurduba N. A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Gruznov D. V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K. I. Skryabin, Ya. R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Тhe article presents the results of studies to determine the amount of bacterial ATP in pure and mixed cultures of microorganisms. The level of ATP-bioluminescence was determined using the HY-LiTE®2 (Merk, Germany) luminometer in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using special test systems. In the course of the experiments, the numerical values of bacterial ATP of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus have been determined. It was found that at the concentration of E. coli (1,5 ± 0,1)∙102…(2,1 ± 0,2)∙106 CFU / cm3, the level of ATP was 323,9 ± 16,2…22666,8 ± 906,7 RLU. At equal number of bacteria, the level of ATP St. aureus exceeded the level of ATP escherichia by 1,4…1,8 times. It was noted that in mixed cultures of Escherichia coli and staphylococcus, the values of ATP were average values between ATP escherichia and staphylococcal ATP and were within 423,4 ± 29,6…28334,1 ± 2550,1 RLU with the number of microorganisms (1,75 ± 0, 1) ∙ 102…(1,5 ± 0,1)∙106 CFU/cm3. It was found that in pure and mixed cultures of microorganisms between the level of bacteria and the parameters of ATP there is a linear dependence: the more the number of bacteria, the higher the level of ATP.