bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Transmission through a Line of Credit and Inflation Expectations in Indonesia
Authors: Masniari Suti , . Sirojuzilam , Ruslan Dede
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy by reviewing the amount of the deadline that required the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in achieving the goals of the final form of the output gap and inflation by using the channel of credit and inflation expectations. In addition, this study also aims to determine the relationship long-term and short against the target output gap and inflation.
This study uses a regression model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of credit and the regression model of Vector Autoregression (VAR) to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of inflation expectations. The Data used in this research is the data series time quarter from 2008 to 2018. Data peneliltian used to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of credit in the form of secondary data consisting of the benchmark interest rate of Bank Indonesia, the interest rates on the interbank money market 1 month, loan interest rates, money supply (M2) and the amount of working capital loans disbursed. While the data used to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of inflation expectations in the form of secondary data consisting of the benchmark interest rate of Bank Indonesia, inflation expectations. The secondary Data used is sourced from the annual reports that are published from the official website of the Bank of Indonesia, the data of the Central Bureau of Statistics and the International Monetary Fund.
The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through the credit channels require the deadline each of the 8 (eight) of the quarter and 10 (ten) quarter in achieving the goals of the end of the output gap and inflation. While the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through the channel of inflation expectations require the deadline each of the 4 (four) quarter and 6 (six) quarter in achieving the goals of the end of the output gap and inflation. The results also showed only policy transmission mechanism built rmelalui credit lines that have long-term relationships against inflation while the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through the channel of inflation expectations have short-term relationship strong.

Keywords: The Transmission Mechanism Of Monetary Policy, Output Gap, Inflation.
Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Cannabis Abuse on Level of Knowledge among Undergraduate Students
Authors: . Manisha , Jegannathen Joseph
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cannabis is a one of the illegal substance used worldwide. Its abuse can affect us psychologically, socially, physiologically and the strategies used to overcome addiction is psycho-education, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, contingency management, family based therapy and pharmacotherapy.
Aim: To evaluate effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on cannabis abuse on level of knowledge among undergraduate students.
Method: A Quantitative pre experimental one group pre test and post test design. Research approach was adopted in which was conducted on 80 Undergraduate students by Non probability, Multi stage cluster sampling technique. The data collection tool consists of two parts socio demographic variables and structured knowledge questionnaire regarding cannabis abuse which consists of 40 items. The data was self administered and analysed using SPSS 23 done (descriptive and inferential statistics).
Findings: According to 1st objective in pre test there were 54(67.5%) undergraduate students’ with poor knowledge , 26(32.5%) undergraduate students’ with average knowledge, 44(55%) had average knowledge, 36(45%) had good knowledge and in post test 2 48(60%) had average knowledge, 32(40%) had good knowledge. Mean & SD of Pre and Post test 1& Post test 2 score on level of knowledge of undergraduate students in which Mean & SD of Pre Test is 12.56±3.607, Post test 1 is 25.21±6.915 and post test 2 is 26.49±4.707. (f=162.38; p<0.001* *) .
Conclusion: The study reveals the fact that video assisted teaching significantly increases knowledge among undergraduate Students regarding cannabis abuse

Keywords: Cannabis abuse, effectiveness, knowledge.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Laughter Yoga Exercises on Stress Reduction due to Online Classes among Ist Year B.Sc. Nursing Students in Mother Teresa College of Nursing, Pudukkottai
Authors: . R.Geetha
Published: June 2021

A quantitative study was conducted among Ist year B.sc nursing students of Mother Teresa College of nursing, Pudukkottai. The main objective of this study is toassess and compare the pre-test and post-test level of stress among I st year B.sc nursing students and to evaluate the effectiveness of laughter yoga exercise on the level of stress among I st year B.sc nursing students. Pre experimental design with Purposive sampling technique was used.50 samples agreed to participate in this study. The data was used by structured questionnaire scheduled. Data was used by descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean score of pre-test level of stress is 8.14 and mean score of post-test level of stress is17.14.The enhancement of knowledge in mean score and SD which the effectiveness of laughter yoga exercises. The analysis depicted that there is reduction of stress level due to online classes among I st year B.sc nursing students which indicates the effectiveness of laughter yoga exercise.

Keywords: Assess, effectiveness, Laughter yoga exercises, Stress reduction, BSc nursing students.
CT Scan Guided Trans-Sternal Approach for Anterior Mediastinal Mass Biopsy
Authors: Bakare Vishal N. , Pattnaik Shubhasish
Published: June 2021

Anterior mediastinal lesions which are directly posterior to the sternum and have no significant parasternal component are difficult to approach for biopsy. Very few cases of CT-guided trans-sternal mediastinal mass biopsy have been reported in the literature. We report two cases of CT guided trans-sternal mediastinal mass biopsy to highlight the importance of this technique.

Keywords: CT scan, Mediastinal mass, Trans-sternal approach, Biopsy.
An Overview of Mathematical Models for RNA Sequence-based Glioblastoma Subclassification
Authors: Wu Yilin , Zander Eric , Ardeleanu Andrew , Singleton Ryan , Bede Barnabas
Published: June 2021

Molecular marker-based glioblastoma (GBM) subclassification is emerging as a key factor in personalized GBM treatment planning. Multiple genetic alterations, including methylation status and mutations, have been proposed in GBM subclassification. RNA-Sequence (RNA-Seq)-based molecular profiling of GBM is widely implemented and readily quantifiable. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been reported as an applicable method that can consistently subgroup GBM. In this study, we systematically studied the applicability of the commonly used ML algorithms based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Glioblastoma Multiforme (TCGA-GBM) dataset and cross-validated in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset.  ML algorithms studied include Binomial and multinomial Logistic Regression, Linear discriminant analysis, Decision trees, K-Nearest Neighbors, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Gradient Boosting, Voting Ensemble, Multi-Layer Perceptron.  RNA-Seq data of 44 biomarkers were passed through the algorithms for performance evaluation. We found ML algorithms Support Vector Machines, Multi-Layer Perceptron s, and Voting Ensemble are best equipped in assigning GBM to correct molecular subgroups of GBM without histological studies.
Turkey-Hen Amino Acid Composition of Brain and Eyes
Authors: Adeyeye Emmanuel Ilesanmi
Published: June 2021

The amino acids composition of the brain and eyes of the mature Turkey-hen (Meleagris gallopavo L.),  were determined on dry weight basis. Total essential amino acids ranged from 35.1-36.0 g/100 g as 49.5-49.8% of the total amino acids. The amino acid score showed that lysine ranged from 0.76-0.91 (on whole hens egg comparison), 0.85-1.03 (on provisional essential amino acid scoring pattern), and 0.81-0.98 (on suggested requirement of the essential amino acid of a preschool child). The predicted protein efficiency ratio was 1.94-2.41, whilst essential amino acid index range was 1.06-1.08 and the calculated isoelectric point range was 3.97-4.18. The correlation coefficient (rxy) was positively high and significant at r = 0.01 for the total amino acids, amino acid scores (on the whole hens egg comparisons made) and the isoelectric point. On the whole, the eyes were better in 12/18 or 66.7% parameters of the amino acids than the brain of Turkey-Hen.
Effects on Physicochemical Characteristics of Yoghurt and Ice Cream with Fatty Acid Modification and Cholesterol Removal
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Ullah Rahman , Imran Muhammad , Arif Atta Muhammad
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the effect of fatty acid modification and cholesterol removal on physico-chemical characteristics of yoghurt and ice cream. Fatty acid profile of milk fat was modified by feeding calcium salts of soybean oil fatty acids to cows and cholesterol was removed by b-cyclodextrin. b-cyclodextrin removed 76% and 60% cholesterol from yoghurt and ice cream. Modification of fatty acid composition did not have a significant effect on a-tocopherol content; while b-cyclodextrin treated milk had substantially lower a-tocopherol content. The concentration of a-tocopherol in control and b-cyclodextrin treated yoghurt was 45.62, 32.73 mg/g and 210.34, 185.56 mg/g for ice cream, respectively. Fatty acid modification and cholesterol removal significantly decreased the overrun in ice cream (P<0.05), with no effect on sensory characteristics of yoghurt and ice cream. These results evidenced that milk with higher content of unsaturated fatty acids and low cholesterol can be used in the formulation of yoghurt and ice cream with improved health benefits and suitable sensory features.
Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality in District Attock, Pakistan
Authors: Yunas Muhammad , Ahmad Sarfraz , Ahmad Bashir , Rehman Obaid ur , Afzal Sher
Published: June 2021

Water samples (total 277) were collected during previous three years (2008-09 to 2010-11) from all tehsils of Attock district, Pakistan, used for irrigation purpose. Regarding sources of irrigation, 122 samples were collected from bores (turbine operated), 97 from wells, 19 from nullahs and 39 from dams. The analysis data showed that 120 samples (43%) were fit, 35 samples (13%) were marginally fit, while 122 samples (44%) were unfit. As regards minimum and maximum range, it varied in EC from 0.05 to 8.1 dS/m, calcium plus magnesium from 0.6 to 70 meq/L, sodium from zero to 40.6 meq/L, carbonates from zero to 0.04 meq/L, bicarbonates from 0.5 to 15 meq/L, chlorides from 0.2 to 70 meq/L, sodium adsorption ratio from zero to 49.85 and residual sodium carbonate from zero to 13 meq/L. Recommendations for wise and judicious use of marginally fit to unfit irrigation water were imparted to the farmers for raising different arable, fruit and vegetable crops.
Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Edible Organs of Different Meat Products Available in the Markets of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Jamil Nadia , Baqar Mujtaba , Manzoor Maryam , Abbas Naeem , Qadir Abdul , Ahsan Naveed , Shaikh Irfan Ahmad , Munir Soniya , Arslan Muhammad , Zahid Hina
Published: June 2021

The present study assessed the accumulation of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu) in different organs including brain, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, kidney and flesh (muscles) of several animals commercially available in the market of Lahore, Pakistan. The concentrations found in different organs of chicken, goat and cow ranged between 0.132-2.165 mg/g for Cd, 0.768-2.335 mg/g for Cr, 0.260-1.411 mg/g for Pb and 0.092-1.195 mg/g for Cu. In the absence of national safety standards in respect to the content of heavy metals in foodstuffs, the results obtained were compared with international guidelines and found concentrations considerably higher than the prescribed safe limits. Therefore, immediate attention must be paid to prevent public health risks associated with the presence of toxic heavy metals in the commercially available meat products.
Modification of Milk Fat
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The potential health benefits associated with the intake of unsaturated fatty acids for the reduction of bad LDL cholesterol has been scientifically proven. Concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in milk and dairy products can be increased by many ways, however, many of the modification strategies do not have any significant impact on the reduction of cholesterol from milk and milk prodcuts. The concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat can also be decreased by dry fraction, interesterification, transeterification etc. Milk products with higher magnitude of unsaturated fatty acids may have significant influence on the reduction of serum cholesterol.
Discharged water from mines shows alteration in its physical properties and may be acidic depending upon the concentration of heavy metals and sulphate ions, which pose hazardous effects on groundwater and ecosystem. This paper deals with the characterisa
Authors: Arshad Syed Mahmood , Tariq Syed Muhammad , Shahzad Muhammad , Abu Bakar Muhammad Zubair , Waqas Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Discharged water from mines shows alteration in its physical properties and may be acidic depending upon the concentration of heavy metals and sulphate ions, which pose hazardous effects on groundwater and ecosystem. This paper deals with the characterisation of water being affected by coal mining in the Basharat area of Punjab. Total eleven samples were collected from different water sources including groundwater, mine outflows, mine inflows and surface water in the vicinity of Hassan Kishor Coal Mine. All samples except that of groundwater showed higher turbidity, lower pH values and higher total solid contents. Higher concentration of iron and copper in all samples indicate higher acid mine drainage (AMD). Relatively larger concentration of calcium in groundwater as compared to its presence in other samples demonstrates quashing effect of overlying limestone to the AMD.
Electroless and Electrodeposition of Silver from a Choline Chloride-Based Ionic Liquid
Authors: Ali Muhammad Rostom , Rahman Muhammad Ziaur , Saha Siddhartha Sankar
Published: June 2021

The electroless and electrolytic deposition of silver from a solution containing silver nitrate in either an ethylene glycol (EG)-choline chloride based or a urea-choline chloride based ionic liquids has been carried out onto steel and copper cathodes by simple immersion, constant current and constant potential methods at room temperature. It has been found that electroless silver deposits of up to several micronshave been obtained by dip coating from both urea and EG based ionic liquids without the use of catalysts. The influences of various experimental conditions on electrodeposition and morphology of the deposited layers have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It has been observed that crack free bright metallic coloured silver coatings can be obtained from both EG and urea based ionic liquids at the applied deposition potentials up to -0.40 V and applied deposition current densities up to -5.0 A m-2 at room temperature. The cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of Ag is about 99%.
An Assessment of Cleaning Amenability of Salt Range Coal Through Physical Cleaning Methods
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad , Tariq Syed Muhammad , Iqbal Mansoor , Arshad Syed Mahmood , Saqib Shahab
Published: June 2021

Representative coal samples from the eastern salt range (Modern Engineering and Kishor coal mines, Pakistan) and the central salt range (Punjmin coal mine, Pakistan) were collected and examined for their chemical composition. The chemical characteristics indicate that the salt range coal belongs to  sub-bituminous category. Washability analysis on selected coal samples (6.70 ´ 0.212 mm) using zinc chloride solution with a specific gravity from 1.3 to 1.7 were executed. The results classify the central salt range coal as easily washable while, the Eastern salt range coal as moderately difficult to wash. Jigging, shaking table and spiral techniques were applied to check the cleaning amenability of the salt range coal through these techniques. Among these techniques, shaking table revealed the most promising results for all the three coals. Punjmin coal showed the maximum rejection of ash of 55% and that of total sulphur of 74% with a recovery of 46%.
Adsorption Performance of Modified Nkalagu Bentonite in Dye Removal: Kinetics, Equilibrium, Thermodynamics and Structural Properties of the Modified Samples
Authors: Ajemba Regina Obiageli
Published: June 2021

The adsorption performance of modified Nkalagu bentonite in removing Congo red (CR) from solution was investigated. The raw bentonite was modified by three different physicochemical methods: thermal activation (TA), acid activation (AA), and combined acid and thermal activation (ATA). The Congo red adsorption increased with increase in contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and pH change. The results of the kinetics analysis of the adsorption data revealed that adsorption follows pseudo second-order kinetics. Analysis of the equilibrium data showed that Langmuir isotherm provided a better fit to the data. Evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters revealed that adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The results from this study suggest that a combination of thermal and acid activation is an effective modification method to improve adsorption capacity of bentonite and makes the bentonite as low-cost adsorbent for removal of water pollutants.
Repeat duplex ultrasound scanning in suspected Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): putting the onus back on the referring clinician
Authors: Renton Bryan , Thiru S , Griffin CP
Published: June 2021

Duplex scanning is utilised by many departments in the investigation of suspected Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). NICE Guideline CG144 recommended repeat scanning for patients in whom the initial Wells score was ‘likely’ in the presence of a raised D-Dimer, following a normal first scan. Following implementation of this recommendation in our department there was a dramatic rise in the number of repeat scans being undertaken, all of which were negative for DVT. Introduction of an electronic message to the report, placing the onus back on the referring clinician to arrange repeat scan if deemed appropriate resulted in a fall in the number of scans being undertaken without impacting on patient outcome.
The patient with Acute Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Suresh Ernest
Published: June 2021

A wide variety of conditions can present with acute thrombocytopenia, ranging from those that are relatively benign and self-limiting to those that require urgent therapeutic intervention. Initial decision-making relies on a good history and the results of some simple investigations. Although a precise diagnosis of the underlying cause might often not be possible in the acute setting, supportive treatments should be provided to all patients. This article describes a practical approach to the diagnosis and initial management of patients presenting with acute thrombocytopenia, with the aid of a case vignette.
İnsansız hava araçları (İHA) İle enerji nakil hatlarının ölçülmesi üzerine derleme
Authors: KARABACAK Atilla
Published: June 2021

Modern yaşamda insanlar her alanda elektrik enerjisine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Santrallerde üretilen elektrik, şehirlere yüksek gerileme dönüştürülerek taşınır. Elektriğin bu yolculuğu iletken teller ve taşıyıcı direklerle nakil hatları üzerinden sağlanır. Enerji hatlarında olabilecek arızalar ekonomiye, üretim gücüne ve canlı yaşamına zarar verir. Enerji hatlarının sürekli kontrol altında tutulması olası sorunları en aza indirecektir. Geleneksel insan gözlemi çok zaman alır, insanlı helikopterlerle yapılan gözlemler pahalı ve helikopter içindekilerin olası bir kazada yaşamını yitirmesi riskini taşır. Bugün için en etkili, objektif ve hızlı yöntem olarak insansız hava araçları (İHA) önerilir.
İnsansız hava aracı ile elde edilen veriler yardımıyla ağaç çıkarımı
Authors: CEYLAN Muharrem Cihan , UYSAL Murat
Published: June 2021

Teknolojik ilerlemeyle birlikte her konuda olduğu gibi haritacılıkta da bilgiye ulaşma konusunda büyük bir aşama kaydedildi. İnsansız hava araçları ile çok sayıda bilgiye hızlı bir şekilde ulaşılan bu dönemde, bu bilgilerin kullanılıp anlamlı verilere dönüştürülmesi konusunda aynı ilerleme gerçekleşmedi. Operatörler yardımıyla anlamlı verilere dönüştürülen bu bilgilerin veri toplamada olduğu gibi hızlı bir şekilde işlenme ihtiyacı doğmuş oldu. Bu çalışmasında, arazi hakkında bilgi edinmede olduğu gibi bu bilgilerin anlamlı verilere dönüşmesi konusunda da doğruluklarına özen göstererek, hızlı bir şekilde anlamlı veriler oluşturma ve bu verilerin çeşitli coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile entegre edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, RGB(Red-Green-Blue) bantları bulunan iki farklı alanda yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, İHA yardımıyla elde edilen dijital görüntüler, Pix4D yazılımında işlenmiş ve bu dijital görüntülerden ortofoto, sayısal yükseklik modeli ve sayısal arazi modeli elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu veriler yardımı ile eCognition yazılımında obje tabanlı sınıflandırma yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Obje tabanlı sınıflandırma yaparken görüntüler segmentasyon işlemi ile anlamlı kümelere ayrıştırılıp, aynı eşik değeri içinde kalan segmentler belirlenen indis değerlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Ardından eCognition yazılımında karşılaştırma amaçlı kontrol verisi üretilip, hata matrisi kullanılarak doğruluk analizi yapılmıştır.
İHA ve yersel fotogrametrik veri füzyonu ile kültürel mirasın 3 boyutlu (3B) modelleme uygulaması: Kanlıdivane Örneği
Authors: ŞENOL Halil İbrahim , YİĞİT Abdurahman Yasin , KAYA Yunus , ULVİ Ali
Published: June 2021

Kültürel mirasa konu olan eserlerin belgelenmesinde uzun zamandır farklı yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Sayısallaşmanın hızlı gelişimi ile ön plana çıkan yöntemlerden birisi de fotogrametri yöntemidir. Özellikle yakın resim fotogrametrisi kültürel mirasın belgelenmesinde farklı disiplinlerce etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. İnsansız hava araçları (İHA) kültürel mirasın belgelenmesinde yakın resim fotogrametrisiyle birlikte kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. İHA’ların bu alana entegre edilmesindeki en büyük etken yer merkezli çekilen fotoğraflarda üst cephelerin tam anlamıyla belgelenememesidir. Bu sorun İHA’lar ile büyük ölçüde ortadan kalkmıştır. Bu çalışmada da yakın resim fotogrametri ile İHA fotogrametrisi teknikleri kullanılarak veri füzyonu oluşturulmuş ve Kanlıdivane bazilikasının sayısal platformda fotogerçekçi doku kaplanarak 3B belgelenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen bulgular karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca elde edilen modellerin karesel ortalama hataları yersel fotogrametri, İHA fotogrametrisi ve veri füzyonu için hesaplanmış ve sırasıyla 1.306, 1.330, 1.373 cm bulunmuştur.
”Nu är man betydligt mer försiktig”: Förskollärare om den fysiska kontakten mellan pedagoger och barn
Authors: Hedlin Maria
Published: June 2021

Många studier har rapporterat om att det har skett en förändring över tid när det gäller den fysiska kontakten mellan pedagoger och barn. I den här studien är syftet att undersöka hur erfarna förskollärare beskriver de historiska förändringar som skett under deras yrkesliv vad beträffar synen på fysisk kontakt mellan pedagoger och barn. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av semistrukturerade intervjuer med 30 utbildade och erfarna förskollärare. Materialet har analyserats utifrån Becks teori om risksamhälle samt begreppen ”becoming” och ”being”. Resultatet visar att deltagarna ger uttryck för att synen har förändrats på fyra områden, vilka i sin tur påverkar hur fysisk kontakt mellan pedagoger och barn uppfattas. Dessa fyra områden är synen på barn, på förskollärarrollen, på manliga pedagoger samt på nakenhet. Att barnsynen och synen på förskolläraryrket har förändrats är väl känt, och kunskap om den historiska förändringen ingår i förskollärarutbildningen. Synen på manliga pedagoger ur ett historiskt perspektiv har behandlats i många studier. Förändring när det gäller synen på nakenhet har däremot diskuterats i mindre utsträckning. Sammantaget har förändrade synsätt inom alla fyra områden lett till en mer restriktiv hållning avseende fysisk kontakt. I värsta fall kan detta innebära att barns behov av fysisk kontakt och kroppslig närhet kommer i skymundan i förskolan.
English abstract
“Today we are much more careful”: Preschool teachers on the physical contact between educators and children
Many studies have reported that there has been a change over time in the physical contact between educators and children. The purpose of this study is to investigate how experienced preschool teachers describe the historical changes that have taken place during their professional lives in terms of the view of physical contact between educators and children. The empirical material consists of semi-structured interviews with 30 qualified preschool teachers. The material has been analyzed on the basis of Beck’s theory of risk society and the concepts “becoming” and “being”. The results show that the participants express that the view has changed within four different areas, which in turn affects how physical contact between educators and children is perceived. These four areas are the view of the child, of the role of preschool teachers, of male educators, and of nudity. It is well known that the view of the preschool teaching profession, as well as the view of children, have changed and the awareness of the historical change is part of the preschool teacher education. The view of male educators from a historical perspective has been investigated in many studies. Changes in the view of nudity, on the other hand, have been discussed to a lesser extent. Overall, changed views in all four areas have led to a more restrictive approach to physical contact. In the worst case, this may mean that children’s need for physical contact and physical closeness is overshadowed in preschool.
Ikke dårligere enn før, men annerledes: En generasjonsstudie av lek i barndommen
Authors: Isaksen Gunilla Eide , Norderhus Ragnhild , Øksnes Maria
Published: June 2021

I denne artikkelen beskriver vi lek gjennom et historisk perspektiv basert på tre generasjoners minner fra barndommen i Norge. De tre generasjonene er de som i perioden 2019–2020 var mellom 70–80, 50–60 og 20–30 år. Artikkelen er avgrenset til undersøkelsen av hvordan deltakerne oppfatter sin egen lek i barndommen og hvordan de vurderer barns muligheter til lek i dag. Data er samlet gjennom retrospektive intervju. Våre funn nyanserer den utbredte antakelsen om at barn i yngre generasjoner ikke leker like mye og på samme måte som man selv gjorde. I alle de tre generasjonene uttrykkes verdsettelse av lek i egen barndom og bekymring for barns lek i dag.
English abstract
Not worse, but different: A generation study of play in childhood
In this article, we describe play through a historical perspective based on childhood memories from three generations in Norway. The three generations are those who in the period 2019-2020 were between 70-80, 50-60 and 20-30 years old. Data are collected by retrospective interviews. This article is limited to examining how participants perceive their own play in childhood and how the play of children today is assessed. Our findings nuance the widespread assumption that children in younger generations neither play as much as they did nor do they play the same way. All three generations express appreciation of play in their own childhood and concern for children’s play today.
Fixação funcionalmente estável no tratamento de sequela de fratura cominutiva de mandíbula por PAF
Authors: Rodrigues Éwerton Rocha , Uchôa Caio Pimenteira , Soares Torres Luiz Henrique , Beltrão Dib Caroline Ferro Lima , De Oliveira e Silva Emanuel Dias
Published: June 2021

Introdução: em traumas de alta energia por projéteis de arma de fogo (PAF), pode ocorrer a cominuição da mandíbula. Quando não identificadas ou tratadas de maneira equivocada, essas injúrias podem comprometer a saúde do indivíduo, com graves complicações estéticas e funcionais. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de tratamento cirúrgico de sequela de ferimento por arma de fogo com fratura cominutiva em região de sínfise mandibular. Relato do caso: paciente procurou o serviço de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilofacial após tratamento cirúrgico insatisfatório de fratura mandibular por PAF. Observou-se clinicamente mobilidade em manipulação, exposição óssea e drenagem purulenta. Na tomografia, observou-se gap ósseo, descontinuidade na base mandibular e material de osteossíntese inadequado. Foi proposta uma abordagem cirúrgica para instalação de placa de reconstrução do sistema 2.4 mm. Em acompanhamento pós-operatório, o paciente evoluiu com abertura bucal funcional e satisfatória, sem mobilidade nos fragmentos ósseos, arcabouço mandibular restabelecido e adequado posicionamento do material de fixação. Considerações finais: os casos de cominuição óssea apresentam características individuais que devem ser levadas em consideração em seu manejo. Nesses casos, a escolha do material de fixação é fundamental para o sucesso terapêutico e o uso de prototipagem soma para uma condução satisfatória do caso, garantindo menor tempo cirúrgico e melhor adaptação da placa.
Visão dos enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem sobre a importância da higiene bucal em pacientes internados
Authors: Dapper Patrícia Morgana , Pizzolatto Gabriela , Da Silva Flaviane Lopes , Corralo Daniela Jorge
Published: June 2021

Objetivos: avaliar qual a visão de enfermeiros (E) e técnicos de enfermagem (TE) sobre a importância dos cuidados em higiene bucal de pacientes internados; verificar se a remoção do biofilme dental é realizada nos pacientes; e comparar a visão destes profissionais em dois hospitais de Passo Fundo, RS. Materiais e método: a seleção dos profissionais E e TE foi feita através de randomização eletrônica. A coleta dos dados foi através de questionário, aplicado na forma de entrevista. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados (Excel) e apresentados em percentuais. Foram entrevistados 31 TE e 20 E, distribuídos no Hospital de Clínicas (TE=15; E=10) e no Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (TE=16; E=10). Os profissionais eram das unidades de pediatria, oncologia, emergência, maternidade, posto de atendimento geral e outros. Resultados: todos os profissionais consideraram importante a higiene bucal dos pacientes, mas a higienização e a avaliação da cavidade bucal não são realizadas em todas as situações. Os técnicos de enfermagem e os enfermeiros de ambos os hospitais consideraram muito importante a higiene bucal dos pacientes hospitalizados. Conclusão: a realização da remoção do biofilme dental, embora relevante, não é realizada com a frequência preconizada para a manutenção da saúde bucal dos pacientes, reforçando a necessidade do profissional cirurgião-dentista na equipe hospitalar.
Efeito in vitro da laserterapia e da terapia fotodinâmica na redução de bactérias presentes em canais radiculares
Authors: Grando Caroline Pietroski , Bianchini Yasmin Carla , Grazziotin Neiva Aparecida , Lang Pauline Mastella , Tuchtenhagen Simone , Emmanuelli Bruno
Published: June 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar in vitro o efeito bactericida da laserterapia e da terapia fotodinâmica com laser de baixa potência (660 nm e 808 nm) em bactérias presentes nos canais radiculares. Métodos: foram preparadas 60 placas de Petri com bactérias: 20 placas com Enterococcus faecalis, 20 placas com Staphylococcus aureus e 20 com Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aleatoriamente, dividiu-se cada grupo em 10 subgrupos (duas placas cada): três subgrupos tratados com laserterapia 660 nm em doses de 150, 225 e 300J/ cm², três subgrupos tratados com terapia fotodinâmica (azul de metileno 0,2% e laser 660 nm) em doses de 150, 225 e 300J/cm²; um subgrupo tratado com laserterapia 808 nm na dose de 225J/cm², um subgrupo com terapia fotodinâmica e laser 808 nm, em dose 225J/cm²; um subgrupo tratado apenas com fotossensibilizante (FS), e um não tratado (controle). Os tratados com laserterapia e terapia fotodinâmica foram irradiados uma única vez e incubados por 24 horas. Os últimos dois não receberam irradiação. As culturas foram analisadas visualmente para verificação do halo de inibição. Nos grupos submetidos somente à laserterapia, para o grupo FS e para o grupo controle, não foram observados halos de inibição, já onde houve aplicação da TFD, tanto com L1 quanto com L2, observaram-se halos de inibição em todas as espécies bacterianas estudadas. Conclui-se que a laserterapia, não produziu efeitos bactericidas e/ou bacteriostáticos, enquanto a terapia fotodinâmica nos dois comprimentos de onda produziu halos significativos de inibição de crescimento nas três bactérias do estudo.
Abordagem dos cirurgiões-dentistas da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre o câncer bucal
Authors: Rego de Freitas Clébio Jarlison , Ferreira Fernandes Maria Ângela , Martins Santos Bruna Rafaela , Silva de Souza Rosendo Tatyana Maria
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: este estudo busca analisar a atuação dos cirurgiões-dentistas da rede pública de saúde acerca do câncer bucal. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal no qual foram entrevistados 217 dentistas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado, enviado via e-mail, pelo Conselho Regional de Odontologia do Rio Grande do Norte. Resultados: um terço dos profissionais relatou ser capaz de realizar biópsias e citologia esfoliativa, mas apenas 15,2% das unidades de saúde possuíam condições materiais para fazê-las. Cerca de 85% dos cirurgiões-dentistas possuíam o conhecimento básico sobre o câncer bucal e 66,8% realizavam ações educativas-preventivas. Conclusão: embora a maioria dos cirurgiões-dentistas tivessem conhecimento adequado para realizar o diagnóstico bucal, a maioria não era capaz de realizar procedimentos cirúrgicos com finalidade diagnóstica. A realização desse exame durante a atenção primária é perfeitamente possível, por necessitar de baixa complexidade de equipamentos, e sua eficácia no diagnóstico permite a detecção precoce e o início do tratamento em estágios iniciais da doença, podendo reduzir as taxas de mortalidade por câncer bucal.
Prevalência e conhecimento do uso de protetores bucais personalizados em praticantes de esportes
Authors: Stein Caroline , Garcia Danilo Madruga , Castilhos Eduardo Dickie de , Bighetti Tania Izabel
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: descrever a prevalência e os conhecimentos sobre o uso de protetores bucais personalizados (PBP) por atletas e professores. Métodos: estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 2016 no município de Piratini, RS. Os participantes eram atletas e professores de escolas e centros de treinamento. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, sobre conhecimentos, práticas, experiências e uso de PBP. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva com o programa EpiData Analysis, V2.2.3.187. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 40 atletas e 7 professores, com idades entre 17 e 45 anos. A prevalência do uso de PBP entre os atletas foi de 32,5% (13) e 55% (22) não tinham conhecimento sobre PBP. Além disso, 77,5% (31) dos atletas e 100% (7) dos professores não saberiam indicar um profissional para confeccioná-los. Conclusão: o conhecimento sobre o uso de PBP é escasso, mas, contudo, há uma parcela de atletas que faz uso para a prática de esportes. Destaca-se a importância da necessidade de se investir em políticas de educação em saúde sobre protetores bucais em escolas, academias e centros de treinamento esportivo.
Carcinoma escamocelular em soalho de boca causando destruição mandibular
Authors: Almeida Rios Ana Katarine , De Souza Kaique Carvalho , Uzêda e Silva Vírginia Dias
Published: June 2021

O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) representa o tumor mais frequente dentre todos os cânceres da cavidade oral, com uma média de idade de 60 anos e maior ocorrência no sexo masculino. A característica clássica da lesão é de um nódulo endurecida, com sinais e sintomas que se diferem de acordo com a região oral acometida, muitas dessas lesões são indolores, o que pode causar um retardo no diagnóstico e tratamento da doença. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de um paciente com CEC em soalho bucal, ressaltando a importância de o cirurgião-dentista reconhecer e diagnosticar essa doença em estágios iniciais. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino, 60 anos de idade, faioderma, tabagista, foi encaminhado para avaliação de lesão indolor em soalho de boca. No exame clínico, observou-se lesão nodular endurecida em soalho de boca com aproximadamente 3 cm de diâmetro, com presença de placas leucoplásicas em sua extensão e associada à ulceração na região de rebordo alveolar. O exame radiográfico panorâmico mostrou reabsorção óssea na região de ulceração. Foram realizadas a biópsia incisional da lesão e a análise histopatológica, em que foi compatível com CEC. O paciente foi encaminhado para tratamento oncológico. Considerações finais: assim, é imprescindível ressaltar a importância de um adequado exame clínico, bem como do diagnóstico precoce destas lesões malignas, favorecendo um bom prognóstico ao paciente.
L-carnitine Supplementation Enhances Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Maturation Rates of Sheep Oocytes In Vitro
Authors: Bhakty Z. W. , Kaiin E. M. , Karja N. W. K. , Setiadi M. A.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of l-carnitine (LC) supplementation on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation rates of sheep oocytes. In experiment 1, oocytes were maturated for 24 hours in tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with LC at doses of 0.3 mg/mL, 0.6 mg/mL, and 0.9 mg/mL. In experiment 2, oocytes were maturated and fertilized in a media supplemented with LC at a dose of 0.3 mg/mL and incubated with 5x106 sperm/mL for 12 hours. The treatment group consisted of LC supplementation only in maturation medium (P1), only in fertilization medium (P2), and in both maturation and fertilization media (P3). In experiment 3, sperm motility patterns were assessed using CASA after being exposed to fertilization medium supplemented with LC at a dose of 0.3 mg/mL for 0 and 3 hours. Our results showed that supplementation of LC at a dose of 0.3 mg/mL significantly (p<0.05) increased the percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase II (86.7±4.1%) compared to those supplemented with LA at doses of 0, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/mL (73.6±1.2%, 81.4±1.3%, and 70.5±1.6%, respectively). The LC treatment in the fertilization medium only did not influence the number of two pronuclear formations (62.1±2.5%) compared to supplementation either in the maturation medium only (72.0±4.7%) or a combination of both in maturation and fertilization media (68.2±2.7%) (p<0.05). Further results after 3 hours of incubation compared to the control group showed the total motility (24.8±2.04% vs. 17.49±2.37%), progressive motility (14.17±2.03% vs. 6.49±1.64%), and curvilinear velocity (VCL) (119.70±3.73% vs. 71.15±10.59%) (p<0.05) were increased in the fertilization medium containing LC but it did not improve the fertilization rate. It is concluded that supplementation of LC at a dose of 0.3 mg/mL in the maturation medium only could better improve the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation rates of sheep oocytes.
A Genetic Determinant of the Preference Reversal Phenomenon
Authors: Zeng Jianmin , Xiong Xin , Hou Xingrong , Chen Hong , Su Li
Published: June 2021

The preference reversal phenomenon occurs when revealed preference orderings for the same alternatives differ between 2 response modes. This phenomenon can be explained by dual process theories. System 1 is swift, automatic, and susceptible to biases, but System 2 is slow and deliberative and can correct biases produced by System 1. A more impulsive person, using fewer cognitive resources for System 2 to correct biases produced by System 1, should be more susceptible to decision biases (e.g., the preference reversal phenomenon). Research has revealed that rs806379, a single-nucleotide polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene, is linked to impulsivity: People with the A/A genotype are more impulsive than others. Therefore, we speculated that rs806379 polymorphism may affect the preference reversal phenomenon. In this study, healthy subjects chose between bets with high monetary amounts but low probabilities ($-bets) and bets with high probabilities but low monetary amounts (P-bets) and then evaluated them separately; they also provided saliva samples for genotyping. As expected, subjects exhibited a strong preference reversal phenomenon. Furthermore, subjects with the A/A genotype exhibited a stronger preference reversal phenomenon than others when the ratios of monetary amounts in $-bets to those in the P-bets were large. This is the first study to investigate the preference reversal phenomenon in terms of genetics. Our findings suggest that decision-making behaviors such as the preference reversal phenomenon can be influenced by a single gene locus variation in healthy human beings. Supplemental materials are available here: https://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/ajp/media/genetic_determinant_of_the_preference_reversal_phenomenon/
Shear strength of steel fiber self-compacting concrete beams
Authors: Savaris Gustavo , Laufer Isabela de Gois
Published: June 2021

The use of self-compacting concrete has increased for several reasons over recent decades but, mainly due to its high fluidity, which dispenses of the need for concrete vibrators, ease of casting, higher quality and better compacting, allowing the production of slender pieces, with a higher reinforcement ratio. However, even self-compacting concrete exhibits brittle failure behavior and low tensile and shear strength, issues that can be mitigated with the use of steel fibers. Aiming to investigate the shear strength in self-compacting concrete beams with steel fibers, this study presents a database collected from 113 experimental tests in the literature. Using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Collins’ Demerit Points Classification (DPC), five code-based equations and ten experimental based equations for the prediction of the shear capacity of SFRC beams were evaluated. The results show that, unlike concrete without the addition of fibers, increase in aggregate dimensions decreases the shear strength with the use of steel fibers in SCC beams. Additionally, the increase in fiber volume corresponds to an increase in concrete shear strength with a maximum compressive strength of 50 MPa. The results also demonstrate that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is better for evaluating the precision but not the safety of the shear strength prediction equations, which are better determined by Collins’ Demerit Points Classification (DPC). Code-based equations for ultimate shear strength prediction of fiber reinforced concrete beams presented results with satisfactory safety and economy.
Mathematical and computational modeling of the role of homocysteine in the oxidative process and its influence in neuronal degenerative diseases
Authors: Freitas Ana Gabriela da Silva , Vianna Gizelle Kupac , Dias Claudia Mazza
Published: June 2021

Degenerative neurological diseases, although common in the population, are difficult to diagnose. However, it is known that most of them are directly related to the so-called oxidative stress. Understanding and evaluating how this process takes place is of great interest and, in this sense, this work extends the existing mathematical and computational models for the oxidative stress process (REIS, 2005; REIS et al., 2006; VIANNA, 2005; VIANNA; REIS; CARVALHO, 2012), incorporating an aspect not previously evaluated, the influence of homocysteine indices on the oxidants present in this process. The results indicate that hyperhomocysteinemia can in fact cause oxidative stress and consequent neuronal death, leading to the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases.
Editorial
Authors: Fernández Terricabras Ignasi
Published: June 2021

Editorial del número 41.
The Economic Potential of the Company as an Ethical Financial Investor
Authors: Kędzierski Leszek
Published: June 2021

The firms economic potential as an ethical financial investor is a multi-element category. It includes potentials: ethical, human, material and financial. Potentials are interrelated. Not every investor has the ethical potential that is necessary when making ethical financial investments.
Challenges of Flow Theory Applied to Computers in Education
Authors: Dos Santos Wilk , Bittercourt Ig , Isotani Seiji , Silveira Ismar , Marques Leonardo
Published: June 2021

Flow Theory has been discussed in several aspects in the last decades, in domains such as: work, social life and education, among others. Particularly in the field of educational technology, a series of discussions have been conducted in the academia, bringing out some issues such as: the importance of flow state for education to develop didactic materials which could lead students to the flow state and better learning. In this sense, this paper has the goal of presenting to the community four contemporary challenges of Flow Theory applied to Computers in Education.
Um Framework para Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Informações de Desastres Naturais
Authors: Brumatti Carlos Henrique Tavares , Figueiredo Erick Lima , Dorigueto Lucas Fouraux , Lisboa-Filho Jugurta
Published: June 2021

Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Informação de Desastres (DIMS) são sistemas de extrema importância para a gestão pública, podendo ser utilizados antes, durante e após situações de emergência. Associar esse tipo de sistema com Informação Geográfica Voluntária (VGI) representa um grande avanço no que diz respeito ao relacionamento da sociedade com os seus gestores. Dessa forma, esse trabalho apresenta um framework para o desenvolvimento de DIMS utilizando VGI, buscando garantir interoperabilidade por meio da adoção de padrões de compartilhamento de dados e de usabilidade.
Jogos baseados em processos de negócio: Aplicação no treinamento de processos de negócio
Authors: Lopes Tatiane Neves , Araujo Renata
Published: June 2021

Para se adaptarem às constantes mudanças, as organizações que realizam gestão de processos de negócio precisam continuamente treinar seus profissionais para institucionalizar novos processos, dispendendo tempo e esforço. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para projetar, aplicar e avaliar a efetividade do uso de jogos baseados em processos de negócio ao treinamento de processos organizacionais. A metodologia de pesquisa a ser empregada segue a abordagem Design Science Research (DSR).
A influência do perfil de jogador do aluno no desempenho de ferramentas gamificadas no processo ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Campos Marcio Cristiano Vasconcelos de , Borchartt Tiago Bonini
Published: June 2021

A gamificação é utilizada com frequência como ferramenta para o docente transmitir todo o conteúdo pedagógico necessário de forma motivadora, engajante e criativa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da influência do perfil de jogador do aluno no desempenho de ferramentas gamificadas no processo ensino-aprendizagem.