bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Approaches for Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection: A Systematic Review of Age-Specific Applications and Performance Metrics
Authors: Mrs. Pooja Amrish Patil  , Dr. Jaydeep Patil  , Dr. Sangram T. Patil
Published: January 2025

Autism Spectrum Disorder is one of the biggest concerns in the healthcare sector, and it’s crucial to diagnose it at an early stage for patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This review focuses on the use of machine learning in diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder, drawing data from 100 papers between 2015 and 2024. We touched every possible method starting from the classic ones like Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to the new ones like federated learning. Proving the federated learning is actually great since it is very precise (up to 98%) while keeping people’s information personal, which is a crucial matter in the healthcare industry. But one cannot write-off the basic framework where people use standard machine learning models such as SVMs, which at this point achieve around 92% accuracy. Also, they are more convenient to be implemented in small clinics that do not possess many great computers, and etcetera. This review suggests that the most suitable ML approaches for Autism Spectrum Disorder detection need to consider accuracy, privacy and availability of resources. Lately, more developed technologies provide even better outcomes; nevertheless, conventional techniques provide terrific options for clinics without much complicated systems available. Thus, the study offers meaningful suggestions to facilitate the choice of the most suitable methods based on the comparison between these approaches. In sum, this review spans the existing gap between research advancements in state-of-art machine learning techniques and practical healthcare settings and provides important recommendations for enhancing Autism Spectrum Disorder screening across various contexts.
El Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) como modelo de diagnóstico y gestión organizacional en las PYMES: Un caso de estudio
Authors: Villota Urresta Nubia Mishell
Published: January 2025

Traditional business management models or the dilemma of small enterprises operating based on experience without strategic planning could be the cause of their slow growth. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate organizational management from the perspective of the Balanced Scorecard model applied to a case study to improve strategic planning and decision-making. At the same time, it seeks to demonstrate that companies that select and adapt their management tools to their needs will enhance their competitive level, ensuring business success. The applied methodological approach was mixed, descriptive, and applied. The results showed that Supermercado Bastidas lacked a structured strategic plan, leading to uncertainty in management and decision-making based on incomplete information. It is concluded that adopting strategic models such as the BSC in SMEs improves decision quality, guides the company toward achieving its objectives, enables differentiation through added value, and fosters business success. Finally, this approach reinforces the importance of innovation and adaptation as key pillars for growth in the face of technological advancements.
Digitalización y desarrollo sostenible de la Mipyme en la provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador
Authors: Pabón Arévalo Horacio Leonel , Andrade Ortega Esthela Alfonsina , Guerrero Chiliquinga Diana Marcela , Martínez Ñacato Fernanda Gabriela
Published: January 2025

This research evaluates and analyzes two key factors in the competitiveness of MSMEs in Imbabura: digitalization and sustainable development. Using a quantitative methodology with stratified sampling, a survey was conducted with 301 managers regarding the adoption of digital technologies, obstacles to environmental sustainability, and business performance metrics. The results, processed using the SPSS statistical package, revealed that advances in SME digitalization are mostly limited to the use of social networks and corporate websites, while only a few have integrated more advanced technologies such as location systems and business planning. Regarding sustainable development practices, high costs and lack of financing emerged as the main barriers to implementation.
РЕГІОНАЛЬНИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ: РОЗВИТОК РОЗУМНИХ МІСТ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Бітюк Інна , Паскаль Людмила
Published: January 2025

Статтю присвячено дослідженню розумних міст України з точки зору регіонального менеджменту. Визнано та доведено, що розумне місто це комплекс певних технологій та інструментів, що роблять життя для населення в місті комфортним та безпечним та забезпечують сталий розвиток регіонів в цілому. Наведено методики, які використовують для аналізу розвитку розумних міст та для формування рейтингу міст. Розглянуто сучасний стан розвитку міст України на предмет статусу їх «розумне місто», таких як: Тернопіль, Вінниця, Дніпро, Львів, Київ. Визначено, що технології «розумного міста» зосереджені в більшій мірі в роботі громадського транспорту, соціальних послугах, електронних сервісах, електронному урядуванні та управлінні інфраструктурою. Завдяки впровадженню інноваційних рішень, місто стає комфортнішим для життя, прозорішим у управлінні та технологічно прогресивним.
ІНВЕСТУВАННЯ В РОЗВИТОК ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ В УМОВАХ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Панчишин Тарас , Лоїк Роман , Демчишак Назар
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена аналізу стану та розвитку людського капіталу, напрямів його інвестування в умовах інтелектуалізації економіки. Розглянуто ключові індикатори, що характеризують розвитку людського капіталу України, основні проблеми фінансування освіти, якості надання освітніх послуг, рівня життя населення, рівня фінансування охорони здоров’я а також вплив зовнішніх і внутрішніх викликів, таких як війна, демографічна криза та міграційні процеси на розвиток людського капіталу. Проаналізовано міжнародний досвід інвестування розвитку людського капіталу, зокрема приклади успішних практик країн Фінляндії, Сінгапуру та Німеччини, а також визначено напрями його адаптації до українських реалій. Акцентовано увагу на прогалинах у нормативно-правовому забезпечені регулювання розвитку людського капіталу, та проблемах державного фінансування досягнення цілей Стратегії розвитку людського капіталу. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо стимулювання інвестицій у сферу освіти, охорони здоров’я та безперервного навчання для забезпечення економічного зростання та конкурентоздатності України.
Effect of Volume Fraction Variation of Hybrid Composite Reinforced Bamboo Fiber and Fiber-Glass Using Polyyester Resin on Tensile Strength and Impack
Authors: Gultom Akbar , Safriwardy Ferri , Rizki Muhammad Nuzan , Masrullita Masrullita
Published: January 2025

The field of materials and technology has developed rapidly, various types of inventions have been developed and researched to obtain new materials that are suitable for use at low production costs. The potential of bamboo plants is promising where the availability is abundant and sustainable, the utilization of specimens is made with polyester binders reinforced with natural and synthetic fibers. The type of bamboo that will be investigated for the tensile strength and toughness of the specimen with the difference in fiber volume fraction is a reference for the combination of bamboo fiber and fiber-glass where the volume fraction of 25% SB:25% FG, 35% SB:15% FG and 40% SB:10% FG particles at a fixed resin volume is 50%. Of the three variations in the volume fraction, the highest tensile strength in a balanced fiber filler is 40% bamboo fiber: 10% fiber-glass with an average value of 80.907 MPa, with a tensile strain of 2.53 % The lowest tensile strength value is in the volume fraction of 35% bamboo fiber: 15% fiber-glass with an average value of 75.552 MPa, with a tensile strain of 2.09%. For the highest toughness value of the specimen is in the volume fraction of 35% bamboo fiber: 15% fiber-glass, i.e., 0.83 J〖/mm〗^2 With an absorbed energy of 43.73 joules. On the other hand, the lowest toughness value is in the volume fraction of 25% bamboo fiber: 25% fiber-glass with an average value of 0.24 J〖/mm〗^2. With an absorbed energy of 39.94 joules. The observation results showed that the fiber volume was good at a percentage of 40% SB with 15% FG suitable for combination as an alternative tensile material. The toughness value in the volume fraction of 40% SB:10% FG is very low. However, the observation of bamboo fiber fracture results has a strong enough ability for the application of manufacturing products and others.
The Influence of Entrepreneur Education and Self Efficacy on Students' Entrepreneurial Behavior through Planned Behavior as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Rachma Alivia Maulidha , Hakim Luqman , Surjanti Jun
Published: January 2025

The importance of education as part of the process for individuals to find their identity in society. Education is considered the basis for direct transition to the labor market, besides it also plays an important role in creating and developing an entrepreneurial spirit so that Entrepreneurship education is carried out to encourage students in building business ideas and managing businesses. Students as representatives of the young generation of Indonesia can hone their experiences and be motivated to become entrepreneurs. This study was conducted to determine the Effect of Entrepreneur Education and Self Efficacy on Student Entrepreneurial Behavior Through Planned Behavior as an Intervening Variable using quantitative methods through the SPSS application. The population in this study was 320 students, but by using the Slovin formula as a guide, the researcher obtained a sample of 84 students. Entrepreneur education, Self efficacy, and Planned behavior possessed by students have been shown to have an effect on entrepreneurial behavior. Self efficacy has an effect on entrepreneurial behavior through planned behavior as an intervening variable with a significant and positive value.
Implementation of Education Financing Management at SMA Darussalam Blokagung Banyuwangi
Authors: Huzali Ikhsan , Al Fawaz Ahmad Hadiq Syifa’ , Ekaningsih Lely Ana Ferwati , Rungkittanasan Nakorn
Published: January 2025

Successful educational institutions cannot be separated from the support of adequate education costs, because in essence the quality of education will be directly proportional to the amount of education costs incurred, the higher and more expensive the education costs used and incurred, the better the educational services will be and able to produce quality graduates with high learning outcomes. It seems that it will be difficult to realize a good quality of education if it is not supported by sufficient education costs for operations. The results of the research on the implementation of education financing management at SMA Darussalam Blokagung Banyuwangi. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and document studies. The results of the study show that education financing management in the school is implemented in the scope, including: (1) Implementation of the Preparation of the School Expenditure Budget Plan (RAPBS), (2) Implementation of financial management, (3) Evaluation of financial management.
Biodiversity of Mangrove Vegetation in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Areas in Saronggi Subdistrict, Sumenep
Authors: Ferdiansyah Akhmad , Ali Mahrus
Published: January 2025

Mangrove vegetation is the vegetation that makes up coastal ecosystems which are the largest ecosystems in Indonesia that provide ecosystem functions and services to marine-terrestrial biota and surrounding communities. Mangrove vegetation is a transitional ecosystem that is directly influenced by land and sea so that transitional areas such as river mouths and coasts. Rivers, estuaries and sea coasts are important components in optimizing the growth and development of mangroves. It is necessary to calculate the biodiversity of mangrove vegetation in rivers, estuaries and coasts in Saronggi District. The aim is to know the types and levels of mangrove vegetation biodiversity as well as studying the effect of environmental parameters on mangrove vegetation biodiversity in rivers, estuaries and coasts Saronggi District, Sumenep Regency. The method used is the quadratic transect combined with Stratified Random Sampling. The results of the mangrove diversity index value by dividing the area were obtained: the diversity index value in the coastal area was 1.379187 in the low category, the estuary area was 3.048782 in the high category, and the river area was 2.863279 in the medium category. The species diversity index in Saronggi District yielded 3.206173 in the high category. This indicates that Saronggi District has a high diversity of mangrove species/vegetation. Several factors became the basis for the existence of a high diversity index due to the large number of species found in Saronggi District, namely a total of 38 mangrove species with details of 22 true mangrove species and 16 associated mangrove species, dominated by Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, Rizhophora stylosa and Nypa fruticans, with the highest important value index is Sonneratia alba with a value of 53.38%, Rhizophora mucronata (24,924%) and Nypa fruticans (20,71%).
Analysis of the Performance of the Election-Winning Agency of the Regional Representative Council of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle in Aceh in Nominating Legislative Candidates for the 2024 Simultaneous General Election
Authors: Nofriadi Nofriadi , Hasan Effendi , Rassanjani Saddam , Helmi Helmi , Afrijal Afrijal
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the performance of the Electoral Victory Agency (Badan Pemenangan Pemilu, or BAPILU) of the Regional Representative Council of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) in Aceh Province in nominating legislative candidates for the 2024 simultaneous general elections. BAPILU PDI-P Aceh Province is tasked with recruiting legislative candidates in preparation for the 2024 elections in Aceh. The stages carried out by BAPILU in nominating legislative candidates include three main phases: screening, which involves selecting prospective legislative candidates; mapping, which entails profiling the selected candidates by examining their backgrounds and personal profiles; and finally, winning, which is the final stage of candidate selection, where BAPILU determines and approves candidates to run for legislative office based on qualifications set by the PDI-P. In preparation for the upcoming 2024 elections, PDI-P prioritizes "fighter" cadres, defined as individuals with the competence and strong public influence needed to secure legislative positions. These "fighters" are considered to increase the likelihood of electoral success significantly.
The Effectiveness of Duolingo as an English Learning Platform for Students: A Students Feedback
Authors: Malinda Erra , Daulay Sholihatul Hamidah
Published: January 2025

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of Duolingo as an English learning platform based on students’ feedback. The study utilized a mixed-method approach with both quantitative and qualitative data collected through online questionnaires. A total of 22 students participated in the study, consisting of individuals who have used Duolingo as their English learning platform. The findings indicate that the majority of students used Duolingo to improve their language skills for work/school, with an overall interest in learning the English language. The majority of students also had the expectation to improve their overall English proficiency and felt that Duolingo has been effective in improving their speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. The study found that students rated Duolingo as very effective or quite effective in improving their English proficiency, with a high level of confidence in their English proficiency after using Duolingo. Furthermore, the qualitative data showed that Duolingo's effectiveness is attributed to its user-friendly interface, engaging features, and flexibility.
Barriers to Uptake of Cataract Surgery in Southern Ethiopia
Authors:   Addis Ababa University, CHS, SoM, Department of Ophthalmology, Ethopia, Hailemichael Henok Samuel , Woldeyess Tefera Alemayehu ,   Addis Ababa University, CHS, SoM, Department of Ophthalmology, Ethopia
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to investigate factors contributing to delayed utilization of cataract services among patients attending a
free surgical eye camp in Wolaita, southern Ethiopia.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at outreach eye camp in Wolaita Sodo organized by Cure Blindness
Project during 12 - 17, 2023. Patients were interviewed using structured questionnaire to determine the reasons for delay in
uptake of cataract surgeries. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.
Results: A total of 160 study participants with operable age related cataract were recruited in the study with a mean age of 61.8
years (SD = 12.9), with a range of 40 - 90 years. Over 79% of the respondents were above 50 years of age. The male to female
ratio was 1:0.86 and 19.4% of the subjects were blind bilaterally (best corrected visual acuity <3/60 in the better eye). The
majority (63.1%) were illiterate. Eighty-two percent of the participants were enrolled in a community-based health insurance
scheme. The most reported barriers for surgery included: insufficient family income (43.8%), worry about cost of surgery (25.6%),
fear of undergoing surgery (15.0%), knowing someone with unsuccessful surgery (14.4%), and cataract was not mature (13.1%).
Conclusion: Inadequate family income and surgical cost are major factors delaying cataract surgery. To address these challenges,
it is crucial to provide subsidies for surgical services and enhance both the quantity and quality of cataract outreach programs.
Empirical Research on Utilizing LLM-based Agents for Automated Bug Fixing via LangGraph
Authors: Wang Jialin , Duan Zhihua
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a novel framework for automated code generation and debugging, designed to improve accuracy, efficiency, and scalability in software development. The proposed system integrates three core components—LangGraph, GLM-4-Flash, and ChromaDB—within a four-step iterative workflow to deliver robust performance and seamless functionality. LangGraph serves as a graph-based library for orchestrating tasks, providing precise control and execution while maintaining a unified state object for dynamic updates and consistency. It supports multi-agent, hierarchical, and sequential processes, making it highly adaptable to complex software engineering workflows. GLM-4-Flash, a large language model, leverages its advanced capabilities in natural language understanding, contextual reasoning, and multilingual support to generate accurate code snippets based on user prompts. ChromaDB acts as a vector database for semantic search and contextual memory storage, enabling the identification of patterns and the generation of context-aware bug fixes based on historical data. The system operates through a structured four-step process: (1) Code Generation, which translates natural language descriptions into executable code; (2) Code Execution, which validates the code by identifying runtime errors and inconsistencies; (3) Code Repair, which iteratively refines buggy code using ChromaDB’s memory capabilities and LangGraph’s state tracking; and (4) Code Update, which ensures the code meets functional and performance requirements through iterative modifications. By combining advanced task orchestration, semantic reasoning, and memory-driven insights, the system achieves precise and iterative debugging, significantly enhancing software development workflows. This work represents a substantial advancement in automated software engineering, addressing critical challenges in code reliability and runtime error resolution.
Resilience Communication of Micro-Enterprise Actors in the Service Sector Affected by COVID-19 in Depok, West Java
Authors: Ekayanthi Daesy , Lubis Djuara P. , Sumardjo Sumardjo , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi
Published: January 2025

Micro businesses are essential to national economic development by generating jobs, increasing income, and reducing poverty. The Covid-19 pandemic had a severe impact, especially on micro businesses in the service sector, with restrictions causing reduced consumer demand and business closures, including in Depok, West Java. Effective communication was critical for their resilience, enabling quick response, accurate information, marketing adaptation, customer engagement, network strengthening, collaboration, and innovation. This research aims to analyze the communication practices of micro business actors in the service sector affected by the Covid-19 pandemic in Depok, West Java. Using a qualitative approach with an interpretive paradigm, the study employed interviews and observations, applying communication theories from Betts and Buzzanell in an economic context. Findings reveal the importance of effective communication processes for micro business resilience during crises. Key sources of information and discussion for these businesses during the pandemic included micro business communities, family and friends or colleagues, and social media.
Increased serum soluble PD-l1 levels in patients with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hayashi Ayaka , Ishihara Hiroto , Kawabe Mayuko , Kato Kazuhiko , Nakashima Akio , Yamamoto Izumi , Sakano Teppei , Kobashi Hiroe , Morita Makoto , Yokoo Takashi , Urashima Mitsuyoshi
Published: January 2025

Background

Programed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is overexpressed on renal tubular and vascular epithelial cells in inflammatory kidney diseases as well as on aged kidney podocytes, contributing to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The association of serum soluble programed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is unknown.

Methods

To compare serum sPD-L1 levels among healthy individuals and patients with various CKD stages, including those undergoing dialysis, a secondary analysis was performed using clinical data and residual serum samples from four distinct cohorts, each prospectively collected for different research purposes: The Vaccine Cohort (2021–2022), the Cancer Cohort (2010–2018), the Dialysis Initiation Cohort (2023–2024), and the Dialysis Maintenance Cohort (2011–2015) included patients on stable maintenance dialysis.

Results

The study analyzed serum sPD-L1 levels in 2,829 participants (mean age, 54.2 years; male, 54.2%) across the four cohorts. In the Vaccine and Cancer cohorts, sPD-L1 levels increased significantly with age (P < 0.001) and male sex (P < 0.001). In the Vaccine Cohort, elevated median sPD-L1 levels (pg/mL) were significantly associated with CKD stage progression (P < 0.001), showing exponentially higher levels with CKD progression. A similar association was observed and validated in the Cancer Cohort (P < 0.001). In the Dialysis Initiation Cohort (n = 15), sPD-L1 levels significantly increased three months after dialysis initiation compared to pre-dialysis levels (P = 0.03). In the Dialysis Maintenance Cohort, sPD-L1 levels increased with longer dialysis duration (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Serum sPD-L1 levels might increase with CKD stage progression, dialysis initiation and longer dialysis duration. Further clinical investigation is required to confirm these results.
The development process of a type 2 diabetes health-promoting CBPR intervention
Authors: Lindsjö Cecilia , Sjögren Forss Katarina , Kumlien Christine , Kottorp Anders , Rämgård Margareta
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Participation is one of the core elements of health promotion, which means that approaches and methods should focus on involvement. The process of involving women with a migration background in health promotion needs to be further explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the development process of a type 2 diabetes health-promotive community-based participatory research intervention among Middle Eastern women with a migration background, living in Sweden.

Materials and methods

This study was performed within the context of a community-based participatory research program in Sweden. The design of this study followed the development process of a community-based participatory research conceptual model, including three of the original four dimensions, that is, the context, the partnership process, and the intervention and research dimension. Appropriate methods for data collection were used in the various dimensions. Participants from the community, active in the program, conducted dialogue cafés, together with the core partners of the program, to inventory existing needs as well as what actions were needed for promoting health and thereby prevent type 2 diabetes.

Results

The two dialogue cafes resulted in one long term and three short term goals. The third short-term goal—create health circles around food and nutrition was decided to be in focus for this study together with cooperation with the local health care center. The partnership process made it possible to involve relevant collaborators, which resulted in a jointly developed nurse-led educational intervention. Participants and stakeholders were also involved in the process of modifying and elaborating evaluation tools appropriate for the intervention.

Discussion/conclusions

The community-based participatory research approach enables the acknowledgement and use of the various kinds of knowledge of all stakeholders, including the community members. In this study, the community members’ knowledge was obtained through participation and dialogue, aimed at balancing power between stakeholders. This approach, that is, developing a community-based participatory research intervention, offers a possibility for the primary health care to engage with the community members and for other stakeholders to work in a health-promotive way.
Gestión del conocimiento para el desarrollo de altos potenciales en empresas ecuatorianas
Authors: Llanos-Encalada Mónica del Pilar , Machuca-Esteves Samantha Nicole
Published: January 2025

Las organizaciones generan ventaja competitiva a través de personal idóneo. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la incidencia de la gestión del conocimiento en el desarrollo de perfiles de alto potencial en empresas ecuatorianas. Se utiliza, el método analítico-sintético, se aplica, el test Wonderlic, para identificar altos potenciales; y, para caracterizar la gestión del conocimiento, las estrategias de Ceruti (2019), que plantea cuatro dimensiones. Los hallazgos reflejan que las organizaciones no cuentan con un sistema de gestión de conocimiento propicio, la información se pierde, no aporta valor, se desestima las capacidades, lo cual, obstaculiza el desarrollo del potencial del personal, por tanto, deben focalizar su gestión en el uso de herramientas que faciliten la transferencia de experiencias y conocimientos.
Combustion Visualization and Liquid Jet in Crossflow Analysis of H2O2/Kerosene Bipropellant Thruster
Authors: Choi Suk Min , Jung Sangwoo , Ugolini Vincent Mario Pierre , Kwon Sejin
Published: January 2025

In the H2O2/Kerosene bipropellant thruster, a liquid fuel jet is transversely injected into a crossflow of hot oxygen and water vapor, catalytically decomposed from a liquid oxidizer. Due to the high temperature and oxygen-rich environment, kerosene is auto-ignited without the need for an additional ignition source. Hence, fuel trajectory and breakup processes play a significant role in determining the performance of the rocket engine. However, little effort has been made to analyze these characteristics during actual rocket engine operation, mainly due to its harsh operating conditions of high temperature and pressure. In this study, an optically accessible combustion chamber was prepared to visualize the trajectory and breakup processes of the liquid jet during rocket engine operation. Physical and chemical processes inside the chamber were recorded using a high-speed camera utilizing a shadowgraph technique along with chemiluminescence suppression. Hot-fire tests were performed using 90 wt.% hydrogen peroxide and Jet A-1 in various jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios. Test cases with water injection replacing fuel were conducted with varying momentum flux ratios to identify the effect of the combustion process on the liquid jet. The study revealed that the existing correlations for the liquid jet trajectory commonly used for designing the H2O2/Kerosene bipropellant thruster in the past induced significant errors and suggested that the radiation heat transfer from the combustion flame downstream could affect the breakup processes upstream. A new correlation was suggested that accurately predicts the liquid fuel jet trajectory of the H2O2/Kerosene bipropellant thruster.
Multi-Objective Optimisation of Welding Parameters for AZ91D/AA6082 Rotary Friction Welded Joints
Authors: Winiczenko Radosław , Skibicki Andrzej , Skoczylas Paweł
Published: January 2025

Recently, rotary friction welding has been used to join magnesium alloys. FRW uses friction heat to bond magnesium alloys with aluminium alloys. Combining these light alloys can provide many promising applications in the industry. The welding parameters such as friction and upsetting force, rotational speed, and welding time play a significant role in determining the joint strength. The paper presents a new approach to multi-objective optimisation of friction welding process parameters for AZ91D/AA6082 alloy joints. Multi-objective optimisation is based on artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms as non-conventional AI techniques. The methods were used to determine the following optimal welding process parameters: friction force, upsetting force and friction time for simultaneously maximised tensile strength and minimised metal loss (shortening) during welding. The ultimate tensile strength and metal loss of the friction welding joints were studied numerically and experimentally. Moreover, the influence of welding parameters on the ultimate tensile strength and shortening of friction joints was also studied. A genetic algorithm successfully found a set of welding parameters for which the joint strength increases from 24 to 81 MPA and the joint shortening decreases from 8.25 to 0.23 mm. The results show that a low friction force and upsetting force give a high value of tensile strength and the lowest shortening of the bimetal joints.
Telehealth Perceived Benefits and Self-Efficacy Do Not Mediate the Effects of Demographic, Health, and Social Determinants on Telehealth Use of Low-Income African American and Latino Residents of Public Housing in Los Angeles
Authors: Cobb Sharon , Dillard Attallah , Yaghmaei Ehsan , Bazargan Mohsen , Assari Shervin
Published: January 2025

Background: Marginalized low-income racial and ethnic minority residents of public housing represent an intersectional population with multiple health needs and low healthcare utilization. Telehealth has been proposed as a solution to address healthcare access disparities, yet the role of telehealth attitudes, including perceived benefits and self-efficacy, in influencing telehealth use of this population remains unknown. Objective: This study investigates whether two domains of telehealth attitudes, namely self-efficacy and perceived benefits (expectancy), mediate the relationship between demographic, health, and social determinants of telehealth use among low-income racial and ethnic minority residents of public housing in Los Angeles. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected from low-income racial and ethnic minority residents of public housing in Los Angeles. Measures included demographic factors (age and gender), social determinants of health (e.g., education, language, and primacy care provider), health (chronic illnesses and physical mobility), telehealth attitudes (perceived benefits and self-efficacy), and telehealth use frequency. Mediation analysis was conducted to test whether telehealth attitudes explained the association between demographic, social, and health determinants of telehealth use. Results: The findings revealed that neither of the two domains of telehealth attitudes, including perceived benefits and self-efficacy, were significantly associated with telehealth use. As such, these attitude domains did not operate as mediators of the relationship between demographic, health, and social determinants of telehealth use. Conclusion: The study results suggest that structural barriers, rather than individual attitudes, primarily drive telehealth use disparities among this intersectional population. Interventions aimed at increasing telehealth adoption should prioritize addressing systemic inequities rather than focusing solely on changing individual attitudes. These findings underscore the importance of structural solutions to promote equitable telehealth access in marginalized communities.
Effect of the Aqueous Quercetin Solution on the Physiological Properties of Virginia Mallow (Ripariosida hermaphrodita) Grown Under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Migut Dagmara , Sobaszek Michał , Jańczak-Pieniążek Marta , Skrobacz Karol
Published: January 2025

The current increase in energy demand, along with the deepening climate crisis, has led to the need for alternative energy sources. One of these is the cultivation of energy crops. In turn, issues related to the deepening problem of soil salinization are an important aspect of environmental protection on a global scale. New species and innovative solutions are sought to support the effective cultivation of energy crops, including in saline areas. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the foliar application of an aqueous quercetin solution applied in different doses (1%, 3% and 5%) on the physiological properties of Virginia Mallow plants subjected to salt stress conditions. The experiment was carried out as a pot experiment. The results obtained were related to two types of plants treated as a control sample. In one case, they were grown with the addition of quercetin alone, without salt stress. The other group was grown without quercetin and without salt. Quercetin is a phenolic compound that plays an important physiological and biochemical role in plants. Salinity caused a significant decrease in physiological indices in Virginia Mallow leaves. Foliar application of an aqueous quercetin solution mitigated the negative impact of salt on plants, the most stimulating effect being demonstrated at a dose of 5.0%.
A Spectrum of Pathogenic Variants in the LAMA2 Gene in the Russian Federation
Authors: Chausova Polina , Cherevatova Tatiana , Dadali Elena , Murtazina Aysylu , Bulakh Maria , Kurbatov Sergei , Anisimova Inga , Kanivets Ilya , Udalova Vasilisa , Rudenskaya Galina , Demina Nina , Sharkova Inna , Monakhova Anastasia , Tsygankova Polina , Markova Tatiana , Ryzhkova Oksana , Shatohina Olga , Galkina Varvara , Borovikov Artem , Mishina Irina , Shchagina Olga , Chukhrova Alena , Polyakov Aleksander
Published: January 2025

LAMA2-associated muscular dystrophy is a rare genetic disorder caused by pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the LAMA2 gene. The aim of this study is to characterize the spectrum of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the LAMA2 gene among Russian patients, identify frequent pathogenic variants specific to this population, and estimate the prevalence of this disorder in Russia. Data were collected and analyzed from patients with confirmed diagnoses of LAMA2-associated muscular dystrophy using various molecular genetic methods in research centers from 2008 to 2024. Data were obtained from 90 unrelated patients with LAMA2-associated muscular dystrophy, out of which 83 presented with the more severe form, MDC1A1, while seven had milder form of LAMA2-associated muscular dystrophy. The most common pathogenic variants identified were nonsense mutations (40% of cases), followed by frameshift variants (29.3%), splicing variants (21.4%), gross deletions (5.3%), and missense variants (4%). It is worth noting that missense variants were found exclusively in patients with the milder form of LAMA2-associated muscular dystrophy. The most prevalent identified pathogenic variant was c.7536del (15%), characteristic of Slavic populations with an established founder effect. Additionally, a common pathogenic variant, c.8245-2A>G, was found predominantly in Kazan Tatars. The estimated prevalence of LAMA2-associated muscular dystrophy in Russia is approximately 1 in 117,700.
Improving Mass-Rearing Techniques for Releases of Floracarus perrepae, a Biological Control Agent for Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)
Authors: Aquino-Thomas Jessene , Crees Logan , Miles Michelle , Smith Melissa C. , Lake Ellen C. , Dray Jr. F. Allen
Published: January 2025

The United States Department of Agriculture—Invasive Plant Research Laboratory started limited production of a biological control mite, Floracarus perrepae, in 2008 for release against the invasive fern Lygodium microphyllum. Mass-rearing and release of the biological control agent was initiated in 2014 as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan to address the challenge of low establishment rates observed from 2008 to 2010. In late 2021, we critically analyzed our rearing protocols, focusing on aging galls and increasing plant vigor. These adjustments resulted in an exponential increase in colony productivity. We implemented bi-weekly monitoring of mite numbers within galls and identified the gall age class with the highest mite density. Based on this information, we developed a systematic method involving weekly plant readiness criteria and a predefined sequence of stages to select plants for release, ensuring that galls are correctly aged to maximize mite numbers. These changes have resulted in substantial improvements in gall abundance (165.3%), F. perrepae density per gall (86.0%), and estimated F. perrepae per plant (453.2%). The increase in F. perrepae released throughout the landscape improved the rates of establishment, abundance, and impact of the agent throughout the invaded range of L. microphyllum in Florida.
Assessment of Chemo-Immunotherapy Regimens in Patients with Refractory or Relapsed Neuroblastoma: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Critical Oncological Outcomes
Authors: Olgun Nur , Arayici Mehmet Emin , Kızmazoglu Deniz , Cecen Refik Emre
Published: January 2025

Background: Neuroblastoma is a highly aggressive pediatric cancer, particularly in children with refractory or relapsed disease, where survival outcomes remain poor despite advancements in treatment. Combining anti-GD2 antibodies, such as dinutixumab beta, dinutixumab, and naxitanab, with conventional chemotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to improve clinical outcomes in this high-risk population. This chemo-immunotherapy regimen meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of these combination regimens by analyzing objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS) outcomes across multiple studies. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched, yielding studies comprising the related reports. Both randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies were included. The primary outcome of interest was ORR, and the secondary outcome of interest was EFS. A random-effects model using the DerSimonian–Laird method and Knapp–Hartung–Sidik–Jonkman adjustments was employed to pool effect sizes, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Results: A total of ten reports from eight studies were deemed eligible and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled ORR across the studies was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.35–0.54, p < 0.001), indicating that approximately 45% of patients showed a favorable treatment response, with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 52.78%). The pooled analysis showed an OS of 75% (95% CI: 53–96, p < 0.001), and the pooled EFS effect size was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.45–0.73, p < 0.001), despite substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 60.54%). Conclusions: anti-GD2 antibodies combined with conventional chemotherapy may significantly improve response rates and event-free survival in children with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma. Future research should focus on identifying predictive biomarkers to tailor therapies to individual patients, enhancing both efficacy and safety in this vulnerable population.
Numerical Simulation Study of the Motion Characteristics of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles During Mooring Lurking Procedure
Authors: Hu Yuyang , Mao Zhaoyong , Cheng Bo , Li Bo , Tian Wenlong
Published: January 2025

A two-dimensional coupled dynamics model for a moored autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) was developed using the lumped mass method for mooring cable dynamics and the Newton-Euler method for rigid body dynamics. This model enables the integrated simulation of AUV motion, flow field interactions, and mooring cable behavior. The study investigates the effects of varying ocean current velocities and mooring cable lengths on AUV motion responses. The results indicate that under the influence of mooring forces, the AUV stabilizes near its equilibrium position after release and undergoes periodic oscillatory motion. Specifically, when the X-direction oscillation completes two cycles and the Y-direction oscillation completes four cycles, the AUV demonstrates an 8-shaped trajectory, with maximum motion amplitudes observed. These findings provide insights into the dynamic behavior of moored AUVs in ocean environments, contributing to the design and operation of long-term underwater monitoring systems.
Core Physics Characteristics of Extended Enrichment and High Burnup Boiling Water Reactor Fuel
Authors: Mertyurek Ugur , Cumberland Riley , Wieselquist William A.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the highlights of boiling water reactor (BWR) core physics studies performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory as part of a series of studies conducted to compare low-enriched uranium (LEU) with LEU+ fuel. The studies analyzed isotopic fuel content, lattice parameters (Phase 1), and core physics (Phase 2) to identify challenges in operation, storage, and transportation for BWRs and pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Because of a lack of publicly available lattice and core designs for modern BWR fuel assemblies and reactor cores, several optimized lattice designs were generated, and different core loading strategies were investigated. Twelve optimized lattice designs with 235U enrichments ranging from 1.6% to 9% and gadolinia loadings ranging from 3 to 8 wt% were used to model axial enrichment and geometry variations in fuel assemblies for core designs. Each core shares a common set of approximations in design and analysis to allow for consistent comparisons between LEU and LEU+ fuel. The objective is to highlight anticipated changes in core behavior with respect to the reference LEU core. The results of this study show that the differences in LEU and LEU+ core reactor physics characteristics are less significant than the differences in lattice physics characteristics reported in the Phase 1 studies.
Conversion from Forest to Agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon from 1985 to 2021
Authors: Seixas Hugo Tameirão , Silveira Hilton Luís Ferraz da , Mendes Alan Pereira da Silva Falcão , Soares Fabiana Da Silva , da Silva Ramon Felipe Bicudo
Published: January 2025

Land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes in the Amazon biome are key processes that influence the environment and societies at local, national, and global scales. Numerous studies have already relied on land-cover and land-use maps to analyze change processes. This study presents a new dataset created by calculating the time required for deforested areas to transition to agriculture (annual and permanent crops) in the Brazilian Amazon biome. The calculations were performed over MapBiomas land-cover data (version 7), which range from 1985 to 2021, at a spatial resolution of 30 m. The method consists of basic algebraic operation and recursion to identify every conversion from forest to agriculture between 1985 and 2021. The results show a correlation between environmental policies and the time required for the conversion to be completed, such as the adoption of the soy moratorium and the New Forest Code, that were followed by a search for old cleared areas for the establishment of new agricultural sites. The new data can be useful in interdisciplinary studies focused on land-use and land-cover change analysis in Brazil, such as planning of forest restoration initiatives, and the evaluation of carbon stocks according to conversion length. Our accuracy assessment shows an opportunity to improve conversion length calculations by reducing errors in the classification of agriculture establishment. The major innovation of this study is the establishment of explicit links between the deforestation year of a given pixel and its respective year of agriculture establishment, which can provide new insights into understanding long-term land-use conversion processes in tropical ecosystems.
Blind Channel Estimation Method Using CNN-Based Resource Grouping
Authors: Kim Gayeon , Kim Yumin , Jang Daegun , Kang Byeong-Gwon , Kim Taehyoung
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a novel blind channel estimation method using convolutional neural network (CNN)-based resource grouping. The traditional K-means-based blind channel estimation scheme suffers limitations in reflecting fine-grained channel variations in both the time and frequency domains. To address these limitations, we propose dynamic resource grouping based on CNN architecture utilizing a two-step learning process that adapts to various channel conditions. The first step of the proposed method identifies the optimal number of subcarriers for each channel condition, providing a foundation for the second step. The second step adjusts the number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, a parameter for determining the proposed pattern in the time domain, to adapt to dynamic channel variations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CNN-based blind channel estimation method achieves high channel estimation accuracy across various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels, attaining the highest accuracy of 82.5% at an SNR of 10 dB. Even when classification accuracy is relatively low, the CNN effectively mitigates signal distortion, delivering superior performance compared to conventional methods in terms of mean squared error (MSE) across diverse channel conditions. Notably, the proposed method maintains robust performance under high-mobility scenarios and severe channel variations.