bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Titles as identity: applying self-determination theory to increase sponsorships by experienced private refugee sponsors in Canada
Authors: Chudleigh Sarah
Published: April 2024

Private refugee sponsorship is a desirable behaviour – it leads to positive outcomes for sponsors, refugees, the Canadian government and the general public. The most commonly reported motivations to sponsor are related to identity, including moral and national identity. Self-determination theory (SDT) suggests that identity is a strong intrinsic motivator; individuals who identify more strongly as a sponsor may be more intrinsically motivated to take on additional sponsorships. This proposed behavioural policy uses the components of SDT to design a certificate programme that bestows an official title on sponsors after completing a sponsorship. The certificate design reflects the three components of SDT (autonomy, competence and relatedness) and encourages moral and national incentives. Official titles are shown to increase identity with a role – titles act themselves as mechanisms of identity-building, which can lead to identity-motivated behaviours. The proposed certificate programme aligns with existing practices and resources already used by the Canadian government. It suggests that official titles could be a cost-effective mechanism for encouraging subsequent sponsorships.
Two new species of the genus Sectonema Thorne, 1930 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from Iran, with new insights into its evolutionary relationships
Authors: Keramat M. , Mahboubi Z. , Atighi M. R. , Pourjam E. , Castillo P. , Pedram M. , Peña-Santiago R.
Published: April 2024

Two new species of the genus Sectonema found in northern Iran are characterized, including morphological descriptions and molecular (18S-, 28S-rDNA) analyses. Sectonema tehranense sp. nov. is distinguished by its 7.22 – 8.53 mm long body, lip region offset by constriction and 24 – 31 μm wide with perioral lobes and abundant setae- or cilia-like projections covering the oral field, mural tooth 15.5 – 17 μm long at its ventral side, neck 1091 – 1478 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 61 – 71% of the total neck length, female genital system diovarian, uterus simple and 3.9 – 4.2 times the corresponding body diameter long, transverse vulva (V = 49 – 59), tail short and rounded (44 – 65 μm, c = 99 – 162, c’ = 0.6 – 0.8), spicules 111 – 127 μm long, and 7 – 10 spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Sectonema noshahrense sp. nov. displays a 4.07 – 4.73 mm long body, lip region offset by constriction and 23 – 25 μm wide with perioral lobes and abundant setae- or cilia-like projections covering the oral field, odontostyle 14 – 14.5 μm long, neck 722 – 822 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 66 – 68% of the total neck length, female genital system diovarian, uterus simple and 2.4 – 2.7 times the corresponding body diameter long, transverse vulva (V = 54 – 55), tail convex conoid (39 – 47 μm, c = 91 – 111, c’ = 0.8 – 0.9), spicules 82 μm long, and seven spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Molecular analyses confirm a maximally supported (Epacrolaimus + Metaporcelaimus + Sectonema) clade and a tentative biogeographical pattern, with sequences of Indolamayan taxa forming a clade separated from those of Palearctic ones. Parallel or convergent evolution processes might be involved in the phylogeny of the species currently classified under Sectonema. This genus is certainly more heterogeneous than previously assumed.
Examining profiles of convergence and divergence in reports of parental warmth: Links to adolescent developmental problems
Authors: Sloan Carlie J. , Forrester Emily , Lanza Stephanie , Feinberg Mark E. , Fosco Gregory M.
Published: April 2024

Parental warmth during the transition from childhood to adolescence is a key protective factor against a host of adolescent problems, including substance use, maladjustment, and diminished well-being. Moreover, adolescents and parents often disagree in their perceptions of parenting quality, and these discrepancies may confer risk for problem outcomes. The current study applies latent profile analysis to a sample of 687 mother–father–6th grade adolescent triads to identify patterns of adolescent–parent convergence and divergence in perceptions of parental warmth. Five profiles were identified, and associations with adolescent positive well-being, substance use, and maladjustment outcomes in 9th grade were assessed. Patterns of divergence in which adolescents had a pronounced negative perception of parental warmth compared to parents, as well as those wherein pronounced divergence was present in only one adolescent–parent dyad, were associated with diminished positive well-being compared to adolescents who had more positive perceptions of warmth than parents. Having more negative perceptions of warmth compared to parents was also associated with elevated risk for alcohol and marijuana initiation, but only when the divergence was pronounced rather than more moderate. These findings add nuance to findings from previous between-family investigations of informant discrepancies, calling for further family-centered methods for investigating multiple perspectives.
Keratin-based topical cream for radiation dermatitis during head and neck radiotherapy: a randomised, open-label pilot study
Authors: Hughes Ryan T , Levine Beverly J , Frizzell Bart A , Greven Kathryn M , Porosnicu Mercedes , Lycan Thomas W , Burnett Luke R , Winkfield Karen M
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Radiation dermatitis (RD) is a frequent toxicity during radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). We report the first use of KeraStat® Cream (KC), a topical, keratin-based wound dressing, in patients with HNC receiving RT.

Methods:

This pilot study randomized HNC patients treated with definitive or postoperative RT (≥60 Gy) to KC or standard of care (SOC), applied at least twice daily during and for 1-month after RT. Outcomes of interest included adherence to the assigned regimen (at least 10 applications per week of treatment), clinician- and patient-reported RD, and skin-related quality of life.

Results:

24 patients were randomized and completed the study. Most patients had stage III-IV disease and oropharynx cancer. Median RT dose was 68 Gy; the bilateral neck was treated in 19 patients, and 18 patients received concurrent chemotherapy. Complete adherence was observed in 7/12 (SOC) vs. 10/12 (KC, p = 0.65).  Adherence by patient-week was 61/68 versus 64/67, respectively (p = 0.20). No differences in RD were observed between groups.

Conclusion:

A randomized trial of KC versus SOC in HNC patients treated with RT is feasible with good adherence to study agent. An adequately powered randomized study is warranted to test the efficacy of KC in reducing RD.
The Illusion of Harmony: Power, Politics, and Distributive Implications of Rights of Nature
Authors: Petel Matthias
Published: April 2024

This article argues that the Rights of Nature (RoN) framework is compatible with various ideological outlooks and political options. As a result, those initiatives may translate into extremely diverse institutional implementations with contrasted outcomes in terms of power distribution. The institutional design of RoN has deep political implications for various social groups who hold conflicting claims over certain territories. Hence, rather than transforming human-nature relations, RoN primarily transform the power relations between human communities. I delve into three conceptual frameworks that could shape the recognition of RoN and explore their respective distributive implications: green colonialism, environmental justice, and the focus on Indigeneity. Through this critical engagement, I wish to warn against the illusion of a post-political ecology where an ecocentric legal declaration would deliver human-nature harmony without deep political battles, social tensions, and economic confrontations. RoN as an abstract notion does not offer a ready-made toolkit to dismantle the legal architecture of fossil capitalism; nor does it provide clear guidance on the distribution of costs and benefits of the green transition.
Heterogeneity of Alexithymia Subgroups
Authors: Hou Chunna , Shi Haoling , Ma Yisheng , Chou Jun
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Alexithymia is a subclinical experience in which individuals struggle to identify, distinguish, and describe their own emotions. It is most commonly measured with the self-reported Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). However, scholars hold different views on its structure, resulting in challenges in classifying individuals with alexithymia, which is detrimental to clinical diagnosis, counseling, and intervention. The present study aimed to investigate the types (or subgroups) of alexithymia within a sample of college students ( n = 707) from four Chinese universities. Two latent classes of three-factor two-class model solution were effectively identified by the Factor Mixture Model (FMM) approach: a “High-EOT alexithymia” class (18.2%) and a “Non-alexithymia” class (81.8%). The two subgroups exhibited similar performance in difficulty in identifying feelings (DIF) and difficulty in describing feelings (DDF), but they differed significantly in externally oriented thinking (EOT). This suggests that EOT might be a diagnostic criterion for alexithymia.
Advancing Eddy Parameterizations: Dynamic Energy Backscatter and the Role of Subgrid Energy Advection and Stochastic Forcing
Authors: Bagaeva Ekaterina , Danilov Sergey , Oliver Marcel , Juricke Stephan
Published: April 2024

Viscosity in the momentum equation is needed for numerical stability, as well as to arrest the direct cascade of enstrophy at grid scales. However, a viscous momentum closure tends to over‐dissipate eddy kinetic energy. To return excessively dissipated energy to the system, the viscous closure is equipped with what is called dynamic kinetic energy backscatter. The amplitude of backscatter is based on the amount of unresolved kinetic energy (UKE). This energy is tracked through space and time via a prognostic equation. Our study proposes to add advection of UKE by the resolved flow to that equation to explicitly consider the effects of nonlocality on the subgrid energy budget. UKE can consequently be advected by the resolved flow before it is reinjected via backscatter. Furthermore, we suggest incorporating a stochastic element into the UKE equation to account for missing small‐scale variability, which is not present in the purely deterministic approach. The implementations are tested on two intermediate complexity setups of the global ocean model FESOM2: an idealized channel setup and a double‐gyre setup. The impacts of these additional terms are analyzed, highlighting increased eddy activity and improved flow characteristics when advection and carefully tuned, stochastic sources are incorporated into the UKE budget. Additionally, we provide diagnostics to gain further insights into the effects of scale separation between the viscous dissipation operator and the backscatter operator responsible for the energy injection.
Nano-flow cytometry unveils mitochondrial permeability transition process and multi-pathway cell death induction for cancer therapy
Authors: Su Liyun , Xu Jingyi , Lu Cheng , Gao Kaimin , Hu Yunyun , Xue Chengfeng , Yan Xiaomei
Published: April 2024

Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in various human diseases. However, the intricate details of its mechanisms and the sequence of events remain elusive, primarily due to the interference caused by Bax/Bak-induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). To address these, we have developed a methodology that utilizes nano-flow cytometry (nFCM) to quantitatively analyze the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential ($$\Delta$$
Δ
Ψm), release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), and other molecular alternations of isolated mitochondria in response to mPT induction at the single-mitochondrion level. It was identified that betulinic acid (BetA) and antimycin A can directly induce mitochondrial dysfunction through mPT-mediated mechanisms, while cisplatin and staurosporine cannot. In addition, the nFCM analysis also revealed that BetA primarily induces mPTP opening through a reduction in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein levels, along with an elevation in ROS content. Employing dose and time-dependent strategies of BetA, for the first time, we experimentally verified the sequential occurrence of mPTP opening and $$\Delta$$
Δ
Ψm depolarization prior to the release of Cyt c during mPT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, our study uncovers a simultaneous release of cell-death-associated factors, including Cyt c, AIF, PNPT1, and mtDNA during mPT, implying the initiation of multiple cell death pathways. Intriguingly, BetA induces caspase-independent cell death, even in the absence of Bax/Bak, thereby overcoming drug resistance. The presented findings offer new insights into mPT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction using nFCM, emphasizing the potential for targeting such dysfunction in innovative cancer therapies and interventions.
A conceptual framework for automation disengagements
Authors: Nordhoff S.
Published: April 2024

A better understanding of automation disengagements can lead to improved safety and efficiency of automated systems. This study investigates the factors contributing to automation disengagements initiated by human operators and the automation itself by analyzing semi-structured interviews with 103 users of Tesla’s Autopilot and FSD Beta. The factors leading to automation disengagements are represented by categories. In total, we identified five main categories, and thirty-five subcategories. The main categories include human operator states (5), human operator’s perception of the automation (17), human operator’s perception of other humans (3), the automation’s perception of the human operator (3), and the automation incapability in the environment (7). Human operators disengaged the automation when they anticipated failure, observed unnatural or unwanted automation behavior (e.g., erratic steering, running red lights), or believed the automation is not capable to operate safely in certain environments (e.g., inclement weather, non-standard roads). Negative experiences of human operators, such as frustration, unsafe feelings, and distrust represent some of the adverse human operate states leading to automation disengagements initiated by human operators. The automation, in turn, monitored human operators and disengaged itself if it detected insufficient vigilance or speed rule violations by human operators. Moreover, human operators can be influenced by the reactions of passengers and other road users, leading them to disengage the automation if they sensed discomfort, anger, or embarrassment due to the automation’s actions. The results of the analysis are synthesized into a conceptual framework for automation disengagements, borrowing ideas from the human factor's literature and control theory. This research offers insights into the factors contributing to automation disengagements, and highlights not only the concerns of human operators but also the social aspects of this phenomenon. The findings provide information on potential edge cases of automated vehicle technology, which may help to enhance the safety and efficiency of such systems.
Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infections and risk factors associated to tuberculosis in detained persons in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Rakotomanana Fanjasoa , Dreyfus Anou , Randrianarisoa Mirella M. , Raberahona Mihaja , Chevallier Elodie , Andriamasy Harizaka E. , Bernardson Barivola A. , Ranaivomanana Paulo , Ralaitsilanihasy Francklin , Rasoamaharo Miangaly , Randrianirisoa Sandro A. N. , Razafindranaivo Turibio A. , Rakotobe Liva , Ratefiharimanana Andosoa , Randriamanana Daniella A. , Rakotondrazanany Harolalaina , Cauchoix Bertrand , Baril Laurence , Rakotosamimanana Niaina , Randremanana Rindra V.
Published: April 2024

The incidence rate of tuberculosis in prisons is estimated to be 8 times greater than that in the general population in Madagascar. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection among prisoners and to identify risk factors associated with tuberculosis. We conducted a cross-sectional study at the central prison of Antananarivo from March to July 2021. Individual male and female inmates aged ≥ 13 years who had lived in the prison for at least three months prior to the study period were included as participants. Acid-fast bacilli detection by microscopy and/or culture, an intradermal tuberculin test, a chest X-ray, and a rapid diagnostic orientation test for HIV were performed. Among 748 participants, 4 (0.5%) were confirmed to have pulmonary tuberculosis. Overall, 14 (1.9%) patients had “confirmed” or “probable” tuberculosis [0.90–2.84, 95% CI]. The proportion of participants with latent tuberculosis infection was 69.6% (517/743) based on a positive tuberculin test without clinical symptoms or radiography images indicating tuberculosis. Out of 745 HIV screening tests, three showed reactive results (0.4%). Age (OR = 4.4, 95% CI [1.4–14.0]) and prior tuberculosis treatment (or episodes) were found to be associated with confirmed and probable tuberculosis.
Estimation of haemoglobin using non-invasive portable device with spectroscopic signal application
Authors: Amrutha A. M. , Sidenur Bhagyalaxmi , P.S Balu , S.V Savitha , M.R Nagendra Gowda , Rajagopal Harshavardhan
Published: April 2024

An estimated 52% of non-pregnant women of reproductive age in India are estimated to be affected by anaemia, which is categorised as a chronic condition. In 2019–2021, the National Family Health Survey–5 (NFHS–5) which was undertaken revealed the following statistics about the prevalence of anaemia in the state of Karnataka. To estimate haemoglobin levels using non-invasive portable device among nursing students. A cross sectional study was done among students of Nursing college in central Karnataka for a period of 3 months. Total of 140 students were included in the study. EzeCheck haemoglobin estimation was done twice and was recorded in the same Google form. The frequency and percentage of variation of results between Haematology Analyzer and EzeCheck devices was presented with a range of difference such as 0, less than 1, 1.0 to 1.9, 2.0 to 2.9, 3.0 to 3.9, and 4.0 and above. The total prevalence of anaemia among nursing students was 57.8% and most of the students had moderate degree of anaemia (28.6%). Two readings of haemoglobin were taken and difference of readings were calculated and majority of the students had difference of < 0.5 gm/dl (61.4%) and only 1.4% of the students had difference of > 2 gm/dl. The mean difference of haemoglobin of two readings was 0.5 ± 0.5 gm/dl. The technology employed in this study bridges the gap between patients and anaemia diagnosis by providing screening services. The device provides the diagnosis via a non-invasive, IoT-enabled service at a low cost.
Phytochemical screening and insecticidal activities of some medicinal plants against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Gindaba Adugna , Negeri Mulugeta , Abdisa Bulti , Nemo Reda , Kitila Chala
Published: April 2024

This study emphasizes the phytochemical study of some locally available botanicals against maize weevils. Nine plant parts were collected from six plant species. The test plant powder (200 g) was suspended sequentially in 600 ml of petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol, and distilled water for 72 h with frequent agitation. Different concentrations of the crude extracts were applied to maize seeds at rates of 10 ml, 15 ml and 20 ml per 100 g. All treatments with different extracts at different rates of application showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cumulative mean percentage mortality of the maize weevil. The seed extract of Maesa lanceolata and Croton macrostachyus and the leaf extract of Clausena anisata showed cumulative percent mortality ranged 95.32–98.02% in 28 days after treatment application. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among all treatments for the prevention of F1 progeny emergence. In all extracts, Clausena anisata showed 100% inhibition of F1 progeny emergence. All treatments significantly reduced seed weight loss and damage. The treated maize seeds were germinated with an acceptable germination quality. In conclusion, an increased dosage of the extract resulted in significant mortality in maize weevils. The seed extracts of Maesa lanceolata and Croton macrostachyus and Clausena anisata leaf extract were observed to be the most promising botanical in protecting stored maize against maize weevil.
Chemokine expression in sera of patients with microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Yoon Taejun , Lee Sang-Won , Ahn Sung Soo
Published: April 2024

We evaluated chemokine expression and its correlation with disease activity in patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (MPA/GPA). Serum CCL2, CCL4, CCL19, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CX3CL1 level in 80 patients were analysed using multiple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Correlations between variables were investigated using Pearson’s correlation analysis, and receiver operator curve analysis was performed to identify optimal CX3CL1 values in determining active disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate predictors of active disease. CCL4 (r = 0.251, p = 0.025), CXCL1 (r = 0.270, p = 0.015), and CX3CL1 (r = 0.295, p = 0.008) significantly correlated with BVAS, while CX3CL1 was associated with five-factor score (r =  − 0.290, p = 0.009). Correlations were revealed between CCL2 and CCL4 (r = 0.267, p = 0.017), CCL4 and CXCL1 (r = 0.368, p < 0.001), CCL4 and CXCL2 (r = 0.436, p < 0.001), and CXCL1 and CXCL2 (r = 0.518, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed serum CX3CL1 levels > 2408.92 pg/mL could predict active disease (odds ratio, 27.401, p < 0.001). Serum chemokine levels of CCL4, CXCL1, and CX3CL1 showed association with disease activity and especially, CX3CL1 > 2408.92 pg/mL showed potential in predicting active MPA/GPA.
Radical electron-induced cellulose-semiconductors
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Yokotsuka Tomonori , Samoto Tetsuo , Kumadaki Masahiko , Takeda Mitsuhiro , Hashida Toshiyuki
Published: April 2024

Bio-semiconductors are expected to be similar to organic semiconductors; however, they have not been utilized in application yet. In this study, we show the origin of electron appearance, N- and S-type negative resistances, rectification, and switching effects of semiconductors with energy storage capacities of up to 418.5 mJ/m2 using granulated amorphous kenaf cellulose particles (AKCPs). The radical electrons in AKCP at 295 K appear in cellulose via the glycosidic bond C1–O1·–C4. Hall effect measurements indicate an n–type semiconductor with a carrier concentration of 9.89 × 1015/cm3, which corresponds to a mobility of 10.66 cm2/Vs and an electric resistivity of 9.80 × 102 Ωcm at 298 K. The conduction mechanism in the kenaf tissue was modelled from AC impedance curves. The light and flexible cellulose-semiconductors may open up new avenues in soft electronics such as switching effect devices and bio-sensors, primarily because they are composed of renewable natural compounds.
Caught in the crossfire: biodiversity conservation paradox of sociopolitical conflict
Authors: Hilario-Husain Bona Abigail , Tanalgo Krizler Cejuela , Guerrero Sarrah Jane C. , Garcia Francisco Gil N. , Lerios Tessie E. , Garcia May Eva Z. , Alvaro-Ele Renee Jane , Manampan-Rubio Meriam , Murray Sedra A. , Casim Lothy F. , Delos Reyes Jamaica L. , Dela Cruz Kier Celestial , Abdullah Sumaira S. , Balase Shiela Mae Prince , Respicio Jeaneth Magelen V. , Lidasan Asraf K. , Buday Zafrullah S. , Cabasan Ma. Teodora N. , Pimentel Jonald L. , Tamon Florie Jane M. , Agduma Angelo Rellama
Published: April 2024

The current state of global biodiversity is confronted with escalating threats arising from human-induced environmental changes and a growing array of unpredictable challenges. However, effective conservation efforts are often hindered by limited knowledge, especially in developing economies such as the Philippines. The limitations imposed by these shortfalls in biodiversity knowledge hamper the capacity to protect biodiversity in light of the continuing extinction crisis. Our study revealed that areas with higher conflict levels exhibited lower species richness, fewer occurrence records, and reduced forest cover. This finding provides initial evidence for the relationship between sociopolitical conflict and biodiversity in the Philippines. We posit that the security risks caused by sociopolitical conflicts could have a negative impact on conservation efforts, particularly in terms of monitoring and implementing measures to protect natural resources. The links that bind armed conflict and biodiversity conservation are multifaceted and complex issues that warrant greater scientific and political attention. Finally, we identified 10 meaningful approaches to address shortfalls in biodiversity knowledge in conflicted areas, particularly incorporating conflict-sensitive approaches, considering the geopolitical context and conflict dynamics to adapt and align their strategies with local realities for more effective conservation efforts.
Simultaneous detection of hydroquinone and catechol by Cu/Bi-MOF-derived Cu/Bi@C nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Yuting , Cao Keru , Yan Jun , Zhang Yuheng , Zhang Biao , Wang Yanan , Yang Yong , Zhou Dacheng , Wang Qi , Liu ChunXia
Published: April 2024

Principle of electrochemical sensor: under the action of Cu/Bi@C, HQ and CC molecules interact with nitrogen and oxygen atoms and are oxidised to 1,4-benzoquinone and 1,2-benzoquinone, releasing two electrons and protons at the same time.
Ancient and modern mechanisms compete in progesterone receptor activation
Authors: Khan Sabab Hasan , Dube Namita , Sudhakar Nishanti , Fraser Olivia , Villalona Priscilla , Braet Sean M. , Leedom Stephanie , Reilly Erin R. , Sivak Jacob , Crittenden Kenidee , Okafor C. Denise
Published: April 2024

The progesterone receptor is activated by ligands utilizing both ancestral and modern mechanisms.
N-Formylation modifies membrane damage associated with PSMα3 interfacial fibrillation
Authors: Bonnecaze Laura , Jumel Katlyn , Vial Anthony , Khemtemourian Lucie , Feuillie Cécile , Molinari Michael , Lecomte Sophie , Mathelié-Guinlet Marion
Published: April 2024

N-Formylation and oligomeric entities, formed along amyloid fibrillation, are critical for PSMα3 to induce lipid-dependent membrane damage.
Achieving high-sensitivity dual-mode optical thermometry via phonon-assisted cross-relaxation in a double-perovskite structured up-conversion phosphor
Authors: Dong Houhe , Lei Zonghao , Su Shikun , Yang Wenhua , Zhang Xuyang , Teng Wenying , Zu Guangyue , Teng Bing , Zhong Degao
Published: April 2024

By adjusting the phonon energy of the host crystal (Ca2+/Sr2+/Ba2+) LaLiTeO6:Yb3+, Tm3+ phosphor, combined with the cross-relaxation phenomenon, a high-sensitivity thermometer for dual-mode temperature measurement was constructed.
Effective charge separation in photoelectrochemical water splitting: a review from advanced evaluation methods to materials design
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Zhang Bingqing , Wang Xianlong , Zou Lilan , You Jia , Lin Shiwei
Published: April 2024

The total efficiency of PEC water splitting can be divided into light absorption, charge separation, and surface injection efficiencies. Charge separation process in ns–μs is valuable to modulate but is challenging to clarify the working mechanism.
Staircasing effect for minimizers of the one-dimensional discrete Perona–Malik functional
Authors: Picenni Nicola
Published: April 2024

We consider the one-dimensional Perona–Malik functional, that is the energy associated to the celebrated forward-backward equation introduced by P. Perona and J. Malik in the context of image processing, with the addition of a forcing term. We discretize the functional by restricting its domain to a finite dimensional space of piecewise constant functions, and by replacing the derivative with a difference quotient. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of minima and minimizers as the discretization scale vanishes. In particular, if the forcing term has bounded variation, we show that any sequence of minimizers converges in the sense of varifolds to the graph of the forcing term, but with tangent component which is a combination of the horizontal and vertical directions. If the forcing term is more regular, we also prove that minimizers actually develop a microstructure that looks like a piecewise constant function at a suitable scale, which is intermediate between the macroscopic scale and the scale of the discretization.
Effect of aging times of fibrous silica cadmium sulfide photoanodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Sawal Muhammad Hakimi , Jalil Aishah Abdul , Chowdhury Amreen , Nik Lah Nik Muhammad Izzudin
Published: April 2024

The use of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to produce hydrogen from solar sources is an alluring potential address to the world’s energy and environmental problems. Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) is a potentially visible light response photoanode of PEC water splitting, but practical use remains a significant barrier due to its low charge carrier separation efficiency. To address this disadvantage, modifications to the morphology of CdS is necessary. Herein, fibrous silica cadmium sulfide (FSCdS) photoanode for PEC water splitting was synthesized using microemulsion method reported in this study. In this study, it will be focused on the effect of aging times which is 6 hours and 8 hours on the structure of FSCdS towards the PEC water splitting. The physicochemical and electrical properties of the photoanodes were investigated using XRD, UV-Vis DRS, FTIR and EIS Nyquist Plot. FSCdS-6H had a higher photocurrent density of 22.1 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE and a higher solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 27.2% when compared to FSCdS-8H with 13.0 mA/cm2 and STH of 16.0%. This is due to the better crystallinity, higher Si-Cd-S interaction, and lower electron hole recombination rate of FSCdS-6H photoanode. Fabrication of fibrous silica-based photoanodes revealed significant insight for the creation of highperformance photoanodes for improved PEC water splitting performance.
A review on the microgrid sizing and performance optimization by metaheuristic algorithms for energy management strategies
Authors: ‘Abidin Muhammad Zahid Zainul , Mat Said Dalila , Nik Abd Malik Nik Noordini
Published: April 2024

A growing concern over climate change and the depletion of conventional energy resources have led to the urgent need for sustainable and resilient energy solutions. The optimization of the size of renewable sources is crucial to maximizing their effectiveness. In contrast to conventional single-objective optimization, the multi-objective technique aims to achieve a trade-off between energy cost and power supply reliability. Due to this need, microgrids (MG) have emerged as a promising paradigm, allowing for localized and decentralized energy generation and distribution. Consequently, the conventional techniques for modelling and optimizing exhibit numerous limitations as the power grid continues to produce substantial volumes of high-dimensional and diverse data types. This review paper examines the use of metaheuristic algorithms in the context of multi-objective energy optimization for hybrid renewable energy-integrated microgrids. A comparative analysis of diverse metaheuristic algorithms for microgrid optimization is provided in this paper, which emulates natural phenomena, such as evolutionary processes and swarm dynamics. Based on the findings of case studies, it can be concluded that trade-offs exist between various objectives, eventually leading to the development of both resilient and efficient microgrid designs. By reviewing sustainable energy solutions, and advocating microgrids as viable alternatives to conventional centralized power systems, the review enhances the advancement of sustainable energy solutions.
A review of global carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)
Authors: Mat Latif Wan Mohd Shaharizuan , Sabdullah Norassyikin Mausa , Aenun Siti Nur , Bosamah Nur Aisyamirah
Published: April 2024

To attain zero carbon emissions while combating climate change, this paper presents an overview status of the global carbon capture and storage (CCS) in four main worldwide regions: North America, Europe, Russia & Central Asia, and Asia Pacific. The main countries for each region are discussed in terms of their respective field, CCS, CCS-enhanced oil recovery (CCS-EOR), carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), and the concerned issues, e.g., policy, regulation, operational approaches, current progress, problems, and lessons. In the end, this study summarizes the final potential of the global CCS in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
Optimization analysis of solid oxide fuel cells with ceria-based single cells using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Kang Huai Tan , Mohd Azami Mohammad Saifulddin , Abd Rahman Hamimah , Abd Rahman Nurul Farhana , Tukimon Mohd Faizal , Jaidi Zol Hafizi , Yusop Umira Asyikin
Published: April 2024

The SOFC simulations in this research are conducted at temperatures of 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C, focusing on the Ni-SDC anode, SDC electrolyte, and LSCF-SDC materials used in the SOFC single cell. Initially, the single-cell model is created using CAD software, followed by the development of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with the requisite material properties. The study then proceeds to simulate temperature distribution and cell performance for various supported SOFC stack models (electrode and electrolyte supported) at intermediate temperatures. Subsequently, the study examines cell performance with varying thicknesses of the anode, electrolyte, and cathode components within the specific supported single cell. In summary, the CFD results indicate that cathode-supported SOFCs exhibit higher power density, specifically 938.28 mW/cm2 at 800°C, surpassing anode-supported and electrolyte-supported configurations. The power density reaches 1495.40 mW/cm2 when the single-cell layer thickness is 0.35 mm for the cathode, 0.02 mm for the anode, and 0.01 mm for the electrolyte. However, electrolyte-supported single cells display the lowest temperature difference, at 0.028% at 800oC The simulation results demonstrate that reducing the thicknesses of all electrodes and the electrolyte leads to increased current density, power density, and temperature distribution difference.
Predicting country-specific financing capacity for renewable energy project
Authors: Mohamed-Ariffin Mohd Suhaimi , Md Daud Mazlifa , Muhammad Haslinah , Abdul Samad Abdul Rahim , Hassan Mazlan
Published: April 2024

This study aims to scrutinize the various determinants that influence a nation’s ability to fund and support renewable energy ventures, encompassing factors such as economic stability, regulatory environment, energy demand, and access to capital markets. By drawing on a range of empirical data, financial indicators, and statistical models, this study seeks to determine which factor most potent when predicting financing capacity of a specific country towards renewable. A secondary research using published data by government publications and non-governmental databases is the research method for the present study. The data derived from these databases organized into tables to allow for regression analysis to be conducted to achieve the research objectives. The results from the regression analysis indicate that stock market and inflation rate are significant variables should be included in the predictive model of financing capacity for renewable energy.
Advancements in cadmium-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting: A short review
Authors: Bahari Mahadi B. , Mamat Che Rozid
Published: April 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, which directly converts sunlight into storable hydrogen fuel, has emerged as a promising technology in pursuing renewable energy. This process relies on semiconductor materials functioning as photoelectrodes to harness solar energy and drive water electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen. However, PEC systems’ efficiency and cost-effectiveness face formidable challenges, primarily centred around developing robust and efficient photoanodes. Cadmium-based catalysts, belonging to the II-VI n-type semiconductor family, exhibit exceptional properties conducive to PEC applications, such as tunable band gaps and superior light absorption capabilities. Yet, their practical utility has been hindered by issues related to photocorrosion and inadequate charge carrier separation. Recent breakthroughs in cadmium-based photoanodes have addressed these limitations through innovative strategies. In regards to this matter, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in cadmium-based photoanodes, shedding light on their innovative applications in PEC water splitting.
Alteration of acidity and porosity of Beta zeolite using fibrous silica for light olefin production
Authors: Mohd Sofi Muhammad Hafizuddin , Shahul Hamid Muhamed Yusuf
Published: April 2024

Traditional olefin production heavily depends on fossil fuels, which are a significant contributor to environmental issues. Methanol to olefin (MTO) is among non-fossil fuel alternatives to produce olefinic products from abundant resources, such as biomass, coal, and natural gas. Nevertheless, the catalytic reaction of MTO over commercial zeolite catalysts is hindered by their low activity, mainly due to the micropore structure and excessive acidity within the zeolite. Herein, Beta zeolite with fibrous silica structure was successfully synthesized via the microemulsion and Beta seed-assisted method. The catalysts were characterized using FESEM, N2 physisorption, and ammonia-TPD. FESEM results revealed a well-ordered spherical morphology of HFBETA with uniform particle size distribution. In surface analysis, the HFBETA exhibits higher BET surface area and mesopore volume compared to commercial HBETA by 35% and 86%, respectively. The introduction of fibrous silica within the Beta structure led to a significant drop in the acidity of the catalyst, as shown in ammonia-TPD results. These led to superior catalytic performance of HFBETA in the MTO process.
Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and its electrochemical properties
Authors: Mohamed Radzi Afifah Mardhiah , Ahmad Tarmizi Zatil Izzah , Abdul Ghafar Nur Anis Afifah , Mohd Talib Siti Husna , Mohamed Isa Eleen Dayana
Published: April 2024

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) is produced by mixing Curcuma longa leaves extract and sodium hydrogen selenite (NaHSeO3) solution. Curcuma longa leaves extract act as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. Selenium nanoparticles formation was assisted by using microwave-assisted method. This work focusing on determining the electrochemical properties of the selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) through characterization and application. Formation of SeNPs confirmed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, morphological and size of the SeNPs through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) presence of functional groups using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), amorphic nature of the SeNPs through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) where spherical and average size of 251nm were observed. For its electrochemical properties, the 20µL SeNPs was used for modification in electrocatalytic of bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrooxidation by SeNPs/GCE of nitrite was examined via cyclic voltammetry where increase of oxidation current can be observed approximately at 0.8V.
Recent modifications of MCM-22 and MOR zeolite in MTO reaction: A review
Authors: Shahul Hamid Muhamed Yusuf , Mohd Sofi Muhammad Hafizuddin
Published: April 2024

Since the discovery of the Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) process as a sustainable and nonpetroleum method for generating light olefins, there has been a growing interest in the utilization of acidic zeolite catalysts. In this review, we highlighted the application and modification of MCM-22 and MOR zeolite catalysts, shedding light on their distinctive properties and the ongoing endeavors to optimize their catalytic performance. Notably, the choice of catalyst and specific modifications significantly influence the outcomes of light olefin selectivity, propylene-to-ethylene (P/E) ratios, and catalytic lifetime. This research offers insights into the current status of research on MCM-22 and MOR zeolites and imparts a valuable understanding of the developments of both catalysts in this crucial catalytic field.
Utilizing metal oxide/fabric composites for photocatalytic degradation of wastewater
Authors: Ros Madi Nur Alia Farhana , Che Jusoh Nurfatehah Wahyuny , Nagao Yuki , Tan Lian See , Mad Nordin Mariam Firdhaus
Published: April 2024

The growing concern over water pollution has increased the search for innovative and sustainable approaches to wastewater treatment. This manuscript offers a concise exploration of the utilization of composite materials comprising metal oxides and fabrics for the purpose of photocatalytic degradation. Metal oxides, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and etc possess inherent photocatalytic properties that, when combined with fabric matrices, present a synergistic approach for pollutant removal. The incorporation of metal oxides and fabrics enhances the photocatalytic performance through the improvement of the catalyst properties. This review covers the photocatalytic mechanisms and properties of metal oxide fabric composites as well as the applications of these composites in environmental remediation and wastewater treatment. As a promising avenue for sustainable pollutant mitigation, further research in this field holds the key to unlocking the full potential of metal oxide fabric composites in diverse environmental applications.
Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol over different precursors of graphitic carbon nitride supported on fibrous silica iron
Authors: Johari Anwar , Hassan Nurul Sahida , Zulkifli Norain
Published: April 2024

In this study, the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was successfully synthesized through thermal polymerization under three different g-C3N4 precursors such as urea (U-gC3N4), melamine (M-gC3N4) and dicyandiamide (D-gC3N4) and then doped into the fibrous silica iron (FSFe), denoted as U-gC3N4/FSFe, MgC3N4/FSFe, and D-gC3N4/FSFe, respectively. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis/DRS) and also tested for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol (CH3OH). The study indicated that altering the precursors had a substantial impact on the physicochemical features of the FSFe, which in turn increased the catalytic performance of the conversion of CO2 to CH3OH. U-gC3N4/FSFe exhibits the highest CH3OH yield (2.3 x 104 µmol gcat−1) compared to bare FSFe, D-gC3N4/FSFe and M-gC3N4/FSFe under visible light irradiation within 240 min. The higher CH3OH yield over U-gC3N4/FSFe is mostly owing to the lower bandgap energy of U-gC3N4/FSFe, as well as the advantageous interaction between g-C3N4 and FSFe.
Enhancing nutritional value of banana peels as animal feed pellet using subcritical water technology
Authors: Huzir Nurhamieza Md , Tamunaidu Pramila , Rosly Muhammad Bukhari , Hussin Mohd Hidayat , Amin Azlan Nur Rasyid
Published: April 2024

Banana peels serve as a valuable fiber source with considerable potential for formulation of animal feed. Although it has high fibre content, lignocellulosic fibres caused low digestibility for ruminants and susceptibility of banana peels to spoilage imposes limitations on their utilization. This study highlights the use of subcritical water technology as a pretreatment to enhance nutritional value of banana peels and prolong their shelf life as ingredients in ruminant feed pellet. The proximate analysis of treated banana peels (SCW-BP) contains 6.9 ± 0.07% of crude fat, 47.3 ± 0.06% of crude fibre and 10.6 ± 0.07% crude protein. In order to produce balanced nutritional diet for ruminant feed, 54% of SCW-BP was mixed with 46% of sorghum to attain 15% of crude protein by using Pearson square method. Thus, the formulated feed ingredients produced meets the nutrient required by the ruminants.
Analysis of biological factors on affecting the growth performance and water quality of biofloc aquaculture system for freshwater barramundi
Authors: Johari Anwar , Ahmad Aminah Halimah , Jong Chung Hiang , Kok Mei Ling , Kamaruddin Mohd. Johari
Published: April 2024

Biofloc technology is used to improve water quality and fish growth performance of aquaculture. The purpose of this research is to analyse the biological factors on freshwater barramundi in biofloc aquaculture system. Three set of experiments with 3 biological factors were carried out for freshwater barramundi to analyse the water quality and to evaluate the cultivated fish growth performance under the application of biofloc technology for 10 weeks. The biological factors involved are stocking density, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and feeding rate. The water quality parameters were monitored weekly while the growth indices will be determined at the end of the experiments. The results revealed that stocking density has insignificant effect on the water quality but essential affected the growth rate of the freshwater barramundi. The best growth rate is observed at lowest stocking studied (10 fish/m3). The biofloc technology aquaculture system with C:N ratio of 16:1 and lowest stocking density (10 fish/m3) produced the best water quality and growth performance. Meanwhile the compatible feeding rate for the juvenile freshwater barramundi was identified at rate of 1% of fish body weight with feeding frequency once or twice a day in order to control the water quality and produced good growth performance of the juvenile.
Layer-by-layer membranes for vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Sophia Sha’rani Saidatul , Wahyuny Che Jusoh Nurfatehah , Mahmoud El-Sayed Nasef Mohamed , Abouzari Lotf Ebrahim , Rasit Ali Roshafima , Teo Ming Ting
Published: April 2024

Layer-by-layer (LbL) is a widely utilized method for enhancing the selectivity, efficiency, and long-term stability of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) in various applications. This technique involves the deposition of charged thin films on IEM surface through electrostatic interactions using polycations and polyanions. The simplicity and straightforwardness of the LbL modification technique make it a preferred choice due to its reduced preparation steps and time. This method is found to be suitable for preparation of IEMs with excellent vanadium barrier properties for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), a battery that is highly sought to promote renewable energy to the grid level. The objective of this article provides an overview for progress in the development of IEMs for VRFB using LbL method. This includes not only description of the basics of the LbL method and its pros and cons but also factors affecting membrane functions and stability. The current applications of various LbL prepared membranes in VRFB and the challenges to their performance are pointed out. The research future directions to enhance membranes characteristics are discussed. Overall, this short review offers valuable insights into the exploration of LbL techniques for the preparation of highly selective, efficient, and stable membranes for VRFB applications.