bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curvature properties and Ricci solitons on Kiselev black hole spacetime
Authors: Eyasmin Sabina
Published: November 2024

This work investigates the curvature features of the Kiselev black hole (KBH) spacetime, a solution of the Einstein field equations incorporating a non-zero cosmological constant. The investigation begins by identifying that the KBH spacetime is a [Formula: see text]-quasi-Einstein manifold, Einstein manifold of level [Formula: see text], Roter type, conformal 2-forms being recurrent, Ricci and projective 1-forms being recurrent, etc. Additionally, it is revealed that the nature of the KBH spacetime is pseudosymmetric, demonstrating various pseudosymmetries related to conharmonic, conformal and concircular curvature tensors (i.e. [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] with a smooth function [Formula: see text]) and Ricci pseudosymmetry due to projective curvature tensor (i.e. [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the study establishes that the tensors [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have linear dependence on the difference [Formula: see text]. Also the significant relation “[Formula: see text]” is identified. The energy momentum tensor of the KBH spacetime is also demonstrated to be pseudosymmetric (i.e. [Formula: see text]), which is an intriguing discovery. The study also demonstrates that the KBH spacetime exhibits an almost [Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton as well as an almost [Formula: see text]-Ricci–Yamabe soliton. Finally, the paper provides a thorough comparative analysis between the point-like global monopole spacetime and KBH spacetime regarding separate types of symmetry and pseudosymmetry structures.
Recombinant PASylated nanobody probes with improved blood circulation and tumor targeting
Authors: Yang Yicheng , Jin Lingyue , Zhang You , Zhou Siyu , Wei Weijun , Huang Gang , Wu Changfeng
Published: November 2024

Nanobodies have been extensively demonstrated in biomedical imaging and therapy. However, nanobody probes often suffer from rapid renal clearance due to its small size. Herein, we reported a recombinant nanobody with a 200 amino-acid polypeptide chain consisting of Pro, Ala, and Ser (PAS) at the C-terminal, which can be easily expressed in Escherichia coli with a high yield. The PASylated nanobody was functionalized with a fluorescent dye and the cell labeling properties were characterized by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In vivo fluorescence imaging indicated that the PASylated nanobody showed comparable blood circulation time, but [Formula: see text] times higher tumor targeting ability as compared to the PEGylated nanobody of comparable molecular weight. Our findings demonstrate that nanobody PASylation is a promising approach to produce long-circulating nanobody probes for imaging and therapeutic applications.
Molecular Docking, Pharmacophore Modeling, 3D QSAR, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and MMPBSA Studies on Hydrazine-Linked Thiazole Analogues as MAO-B Inhibitors
Authors: Zakiya Fathima C. , James Jainey P. , Dwivedi Prarambh S. R. , Sindhu T. J.
Published: November 2024

Background: Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) is crucial in breaking down biogenic and dietary amines, with its dysregulation linked to Parkinson’s disease. Objective: This study aims to explore the MAO-B inhibitory potential of 34 hydrazine-linked thiazole derivatives through computational techniques. Methods: Molecular docking against MAO-B (2BYB) assessed binding affinity, complemented by MMGBSA for binding energy evaluation. Pharmacophore modeling and QSAR analysis identified structural features essential for inhibition, while molecular dynamics (MD) simulations validated the stability of ligand-MAO-B complexes. Results: Compound T18 exhibited outstanding binding affinity, while T9 showed the lowest. In vitro studies revealed that T2 had the weakest inhibitory potential, while T19 demonstrated the highest. Pharmacophore modeling identified the six-feature hypothesis ADHRRR_1 as the key structural feature for optimal inhibition. QSAR analysis provided insight into the importance of pharmacophoric features, including the electron-deficient 3-pyridine at N1 of hydrazine, which acts as an electron-withdrawing group that enhances interactions with the enzyme active site, making pyridine a valuable pharmacophore. Additionally, the electronegative fluorinated phenyl ring at C4 of thiazole enhances blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and selectivity for MAO-B. Notably, the methyl group on T19 acted as a hydrophobic feature, increasing electron density and boosting inhibitory activity. MD simulations confirmed the stability of the T18/2BYB and T19/2BYB complexes. Furthermore, T19 displayed superior CNS activity and BBB permeability, confirming the methyl group as crucial for enhanced action. Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of hydrazine-linked thiazole derivatives as potent MAO-B inhibitors. Future in vivo studies are essential to explore their therapeutic benefits further.
Reminiscences on Influential Papers
Authors: Graefe Goetz
Published: November 2024

This issue's contributors dive into a history of concurrency control and storage hierarchy for database and data-intensive systems. Enjoy reading!
The Road to Explainable Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Ranu Sayan
Published: November 2024

GOAL: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are being increasingly adopted in various real-world applications, including drug and material discovery [16, 17, 27], recommendation engines [29], congestion modeling on road networks [5], and weather forecasting [11]. However, similar to other deeplearning models, GNNs are considered black boxes due to their limited capacity to provide explanations for their predictions. This lack of interpretability poses a significant barrier to their adoption in critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and law enforcement, where transparency and trustworthiness are essential for decision-making processes. In these pivotal domains, understanding the rationale behind model predictions is crucial not only for compliance with interpretability requirements but also for identifying potential vulnerabilities and gaining insights to refine the model further. How do we make GNNs interpretable? This is a central motivating question driving my research pursuits.
Report on the Second International Workshop on DataSystems Education (DataEd '23)
Authors: Miedema Daphne , Aivaloglou Efthimia , Amer-Yahia Sihem , Fletcher George , Mior Michael , Taipalus Toni
Published: November 2024

This report summarizes the outcomes of the second international workshop on Data Systems Education: Bridging Education Practice with Education Research (DataEd '23). The workshop was held in conjunction with the SIGMOD '23 conference in Seattle, USA on June 23, 2023. The aim of the workshop was to provide a dedicated venue for presenting and and discussing data management systems education experiences and research by bringing together the database and the computing education research communities to share findings, to crosspollinate perspectives and methods, and to shed light on opportunities for mutual progress in data systems education. The program featured two keynote talks, eight research paper presentations, and a discussion session. In this report, we present the workshop's main results, observations, and emerging research directions.
Application of an 800 Gold Microelectrode Array for Rapid Voltammetric Detection of Nitrite Pollution in Environmental Waters
Authors: Fiałek Marzena , Grabarczyk Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

A simple voltammetric procedure for direct determination of nitrites in natural water samples is described. Measurements are carried out in an inert medium of 0.1 M KCl. The procedure is based on the oxidation of N(III) to N(V) as a result of a change in electrode potential from +0.40 V to +0.96 V. The use of a combined electrode consisting of approximately 800 gold microelectrodes enables undisturbed determinations to be performed in the presence of high concentrations of organic compounds at a level of 20 mg l−1. The calibration plot for NO2
− was linear in the range from 2 × 10−6 to 8 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 6 × 10−7 M. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to nitrate determination in three natural water samples with passable results.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of High-Energy Beam Irradiation of SiO2 Single Crystal with Three Different Morphologies: No Free Surface, with a Free Surface, and Thin Films
Authors: Otsuka Shunya , Kimata Satoshi , Sasajima Yasushi , Ishikawa Norito
Published: November 2024

High-energy beam irradiation of SiO2 crystal with the α-quartz structure was simulated by the molecular dynamics method. Three types of specimen structures were examined: a single crystal without a free surface, a single crystal with a free surface, and a thin film. After structural relaxation at room temperature, a cylindrical region with diameter of 3.0 nm was set at the center of the specimen and high-thermal energy of S

eff
 = 0.1–4.0 keV nm−1 was added to that region, where S

eff
is the effective stopping power. Atomic motions were calculated by the molecular dynamics method using the large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator. Vashishta potential was used for the atomic interaction. The single crystal structure of α-quartz without the free surface was stable up to 1.0 keV nm−1 and it gradually became amorphous with increasing thermal energy. In contrast, the single crystal structure with the free surface was stable up to 0.5 keV nm−1 and was amorphous at higher thermal energy. In particular, the atomic structures for the thermal impact S

eff
 ≥ 2.0 keV nm−1 had a facet-like structure at the impacted surface, which corresponds to actual experimental results. Nano-hole formation was observed in the irradiation process of the film structure.
Exercise physiology degrees in the United States: an update on secular trends
Authors: Nuzzo James L.
Published: November 2024

The field of exercise physiology has experienced substantial growth at postsecondary institutions in the United States over the past 20 years. Growth has slowed in recent years, but the number of bachelor's degrees conferred in the field reached a record high in 2021–2022. The increase in bachelor's degrees conferred has been driven largely by increased numbers of female graduates (58.9% female). The number of male graduates plateaued starting in 2016–2017.
Metalloproteinases are involved in the regulation of prenatal tooth morphogenesis
Authors: Janečková Eva , Juarez-Balarezo Jesus , Tucker Abigail S. , Matalová Eva , Holomková Kateřina , Gaete Marcia
Published: November 2024

Inhibition of metalloproteinases during tooth development had a wide-ranging impact on molar growth affecting proliferation, cell migration, and vascularization, highlighting the diverse role of these proteins in controlling development.
Why Do Nurses Work While Sick? An Exploratory Study of Nurse Leaders’ Cognitive Preferences Toward Presenteeism
Authors: Li Wenzhen , Wang Wei , Shan Geyan , Wang Hongxia , Guo Shujie , Li Yongxin
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Nursing is a representative profession with a high prevalence of presenteeism, which is usually associated with negative outcomes. Therefore, it is important to explore the antecedent factors of nurse presenteeism behavior. This study aims to explore the impact and mechanism of head nurses’ cognitive preference toward presenteeism on subordinate nurses’ presenteeism (SNP), and the mediation effects of subordinate nurses’ perception of head nurses’ cognitive preference.

Patient and Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted from July to August 2022. A total of 256 head nurses and 1424 subordinate nurses were recruited from six hospitals located in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. The Nurse Presenteeism Questionnaire (NPQ) and Cognitive Preference Questionnaire were used to assess head nurses’ cognitive preference toward presenteeism, SNP, and subordinate nurses’ perception of head nurse’s cognition of presenteeism. We conducted description, multilevel correlation, and multilevel structural equation models for the data analysis.

Results: In the past 6 months, 93.4% of nurses experienced presenteeism. Within and between the team, head nurses’ cognitive preference toward presenteeism is positively associated with SNP. The mediation effect of nurses’ perception of head nurses’ cognitive preference was also significant.

Conclusion: Head nurses’ cognitive preferences are essential predictors of subordinates’ presenteeism. In this process, subordinates’ subjective initiative plays a crucial role.

Implications for Nursing Management: Hospital managers should focus on head nurses’ values to formulate multiple interventions of presenteeism and strengthen communication between leaders and subordinates to promote transforming negative outcomes into positive outcomes.
Surgeon‐Administered Ultrasound‐Guided Regional Anesthesia in Fixation of Distal Fibula Fracture
Authors: Chow Chun Lok , Ma Chun Man , Lui Tun Hing
Published: November 2024

Distal fibula fracture is a common injury of the lower limb. Significantly displaced distal fibula fracture is treated with surgical fixation under general, spinal, or regional anesthesia. We present a case of displaced distal fibula fracture with both the regional anesthesia and operation performed by the same attending orthopedic surgeon. The patient underwent successful ultrasound‐guided regional anesthesia as well as open reduction and internal fixation. This case report highlights the technical detail for ultrasound‐guided regional anesthesia and surgical fixation by surgeon.
Molecular and In Vivo Characterization of the High Pathogenicity H7N6 Avian Influenza Virus That Emerged in South African Poultry in 2023
Authors: Abolnik Celia , Phiri Thandeka Precious , Strydom Christine , Ismail Zehaad , Jordaan Frances , Wannenburg Kaila , Bisschop Shahn P. R.
Published: November 2024

A high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H7N6 virus emerged in South African poultry in 2023 and later spread to Mozambique, the first documented emergence of H7 HPAI in the African continent. A total of 6.82 million birds succumbed to the disease or were culled, representing about 20% of the South African egg‐laying flock and almost 30% of the broiler breeder flock. The complete genomes of 68 outbreak viruses were sequenced and analyzed, tracing the phylogenetic origins of the ancestral H7N6 virus to a reassortment of various subtypes that circulated in southern African wild birds. Molecular clock analysis determined that the virus emerged in the first week of May 2023, probably in a smallholder chicken flock, before spreading to commercial farms, where the disease was first reported in early June. The multibasic hemagglutinin protein cleavage site (HA0) was derived from a nonhomologous recombination event with chicken 28S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA). Few genetic markers associated with an increased risk to humans were present in the translated viral proteins. The intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) value of the index case isolate was 1.67, reflecting that 50% of the specific pathogen‐free chickens died within 4 days of infection. Surviving birds showing mostly mild clinical signs and recovered by day 10 postinfection. Prior to death, chickens shed the virus primarily through the respiratory route, with lower amounts shed from the cloaca, but in the survivors, the virus was still being shed from the cloaca on day 10. Fomites were the likely source of disease spread between farms, and the amount of H7N6 HPAI virus per gram of feces was calculated at ~383,193 (5.58 log10) egg infectious dose 50 (EID50) equivalents, chicken feather follicles contained on average 739,712.43 (5.87 log10) EID50 equivalents, and 20 µg of feather dust contained 14,976.96 (4.175 log10) EID50 equivalents.
Nurses’ Relational Leadership Struggles on Positioning in Strategic Hospital Crisis Management
Authors: Verhoeven Arjan , Loo Erik van de , Marres Henri , Lalleman Pieterbas
Published: November 2024

Aim(s): To understand how nurses experience their positioning amidst hospital crises.

Background: Nursing leadership literature is predominantly focused on the skills and competencies of nurses and less on the relations in practice with nurses. Nurses are often valued for bedside care but are overlooked in strategic decision‐making during crises. Foundational research emphasizes the need for nurses’ equal participation in interprofessional healthcare practices and governance.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative interpretive interview and focus group study, amidst the COVID‐19 crisis. We interviewed 64 chairs of nurse councils and deepened our understanding of our initial findings in four focus groups with 34 participants.

Results: Nurses differ widely on (a) what is important to them in crisis management, (b) how they can contribute to crisis management, and (c) how they value their involvement or lack of it. Furthermore, we uncovered three relational leadership struggles for nurses concerning (1) navigating, (2) positioning, and (3) collaborating, in crisis management structures.

Conclusion: The ailing positioning and representation of nurses in crisis management result from their limited participation in strategic decision‐making, and the lack of intervention on this by board members, physicians, and managers.

Implications for Nursing Management: This study highlights the need for agents such as board members, managers, physicians, and nurses themselves to create clear frameworks and policies that define nurses’ roles in crisis situations, emphasizing the importance of addressing power dynamics and enhancing communication and collaboration in hospital settings. Effective crisis management requires involving nurses from the start, providing regular training, and promoting a more equal approach to teamwork. Understanding relational leadership and its impact during crises can empower nurses and improve overall hospital crisis response.
Supplementary table S1, S2, and S3 from Pretreatment Tissue TCR Repertoire Evenness Is Associated with Complete Pathologic Response in Patients with NSCLC Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Casarrubios Marta , Cruz-Bermúdez Alberto , Nadal Ernest , Insa Amelia , García Campelo María del Rosario , Lázaro Martín , Dómine Manuel , Majem Margarita , Rodríguez-Abreu Delvys , Martínez-Martí Alex , de Castro-Carpeño Javier , Cobo Manuel , López-Vivanco Guillermo , Del Barco Edel , Bernabé Caro Reyes , Viñolas Nuria , Barneto Aranda Isidoro , Viteri Santiago , Massuti Bartomeu , Barquín Miguel , Laza-Briviesca Raquel , Sierra-Rodero Belén , Parra Edwin R. , Sanchez-Espiridion Beatriz , Rocha Pedro , Kadara Humam , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Romero Atocha , Calvo Virginia , Provencio Mariano
Published: November 2024

Table S1: Patients' samples and techniques. Table S2: Summary of available samples. Table S3: Canonical somatic tumor mutations and top 1%.
Figure S3 from Pretreatment Tissue TCR Repertoire Evenness Is Associated with Complete Pathologic Response in Patients with NSCLC Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Casarrubios Marta , Cruz-Bermúdez Alberto , Nadal Ernest , Insa Amelia , García Campelo María del Rosario , Lázaro Martín , Dómine Manuel , Majem Margarita , Rodríguez-Abreu Delvys , Martínez-Martí Alex , de Castro-Carpeño Javier , Cobo Manuel , López-Vivanco Guillermo , Del Barco Edel , Bernabé Caro Reyes , Viñolas Nuria , Barneto Aranda Isidoro , Viteri Santiago , Massuti Bartomeu , Barquín Miguel , Laza-Briviesca Raquel , Sierra-Rodero Belén , Parra Edwin R. , Sanchez-Espiridion Beatriz , Rocha Pedro , Kadara Humam , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Romero Atocha , Calvo Virginia , Provencio Mariano
Published: November 2024

Stability of evenness and top 1% across technical replicates and Clonal reproducibility
Supplementary Figure 5 from Acetalax (Oxyphenisatin Acetate, NSC 59687) and Bisacodyl Cause Oncosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines by Poisoning the Ion Exchange Membrane Protein TRPM4
Authors: Mizunuma Makito , Redon Christophe E. , Saha Liton Kumar , Tran Andy D. , Dhall Anjali , Sebastian Robin , Taniyama Daiki , Kruhlak Michael J. , Reinhold William C. , Takebe Naoko , Pommier Yves
Published: November 2024

TRPM4 RNA expression and categories of gene sets enriched in response to Acetalax treatment.
Septierungen beim Pleuraerguss: Identifizierung gelingt mit Thoraxultraschall besser als mit CT
Authors: Stanzel Franz
Published: November 2024

Septated pleural effusion is very common. The presence of septations in pleural effusion determines the local treatment strategy for such patients. Therefore, there is a pressing need for imaging techniques to assess the presence of septations. The objective of this research was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of computed tomography (CT) and chest ultrasound in identifying septated pleural effusion. We delineated the ultrasound and enhanced chest CT manifestations for diagnosing septated pleural effusions, and subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis to assess the diagnostic efficacy of enhanced chest CT and ultrasound in identifying septated pleural effusions. Medical thoracoscopy served as the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of septated pleural effusions. Ultrasound demonstrated a sensitivity of 82.6% (95% CI 73.3–89.7%) and a specificity of 100.0% (95% CI 98.1–NaN) for diagnosing septated pleural effusion. In comparison, enhanced chest CT exhibited a sensitivity of 59.8% (95% CI 49.0–69.9%) and a specificity of 87.0% (95% CI 81.5–91.4%). The positive predictive value for ultrasound was 100.0% (95% CI 95.3–100.0%), while for enhanced chest CT, it was 68.8% (95% CI 59.0–77.4%). Ultrasound yielded a negative predictive value of 92.3% (95% CI 87.5–NaN), and enhanced chest CT had a negative predictive value of 82.0% (95% CI 74.6–87.8%) in diagnosing septated pleural effusion. Thoracic ultrasound exhibits superior sensitivity and specificity compared to enhanced chest CT in diagnosing septated pleural effusions. Therefore, chest ultrasound is highly recommended as an adjunct for determining septated pleural effusion.
Myocardial Posttranscriptional Landscape in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Li Amy , Fang Bernard , Li Mengbo , Koay Yen Chin , Malecki Cassandra , Hunter Benjamin , Harney Dylan , dos Remedios Cristobal G. , Larance Mark , O’Sullivan John F. , Lal Sean
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Pregnancy imposes significant cardiovascular adaptations, including progressive increases in plasma volume and cardiac output. For most women, this physiological adaptation resolves at the end of pregnancy, but some women develop pathological dilatation and ultimately heart failure late in pregnancy or in the postpartum period, manifesting as peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Despite the mortality risk of this form of heart failure, the molecular mechanisms underlying PPCM have not been extensively examined in human hearts.

METHODs:

Protein and metabolite profiles from left ventricular tissue of end-stage PPCM patients (N=6–7) were compared with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM; N=5–6) and nonfailing donors (N=7–18) using unbiased quantitative mass spectrometry. All samples were derived from the Sydney Heart Bank. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD055986. Differential protein expression and metabolite abundance and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

Proteomic analysis identified 2 proteins, SBSPON (somatomedin B and thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing protein precursor) and TNS3 (tensin 3), that were uniquely downregulated in PPCM. SBSPON, an extracellular matrix protein, and TNS3, involved in actin remodeling and cell signaling, may contribute to impaired tissue remodeling and fibrosis in PPCM. Metabolomic analysis revealed elevated levels of homogentisate and deoxycholate and reduced levels of lactate and alanine in PPCM, indicating disrupted metabolic pathways and glucose utilization. Both PPCM and DCM shared pathways related to inflammation, immune responses, and signal transduction. However, thyroid hormone signaling was notably reduced in PPCM, affecting contractility and calcium handling through altered expression of PLN (phospholamban) and Sarcoendoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA). Enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress and altered endocytosis pathways in PPCM suggested additional mechanisms of energy metabolism disruption.

CONCLUSIONS:

The present study reveals unique posttranslational molecular features of the PPCM myocardium, which mediates cellular and metabolic remodeling, and holds promise as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Effects of Socio-Economic Characteristics on Choice of Tuta Absoluta Management Methods in Tomato Production in Mwea, Kirinyaga County
Authors: Wawira Mwaniki , Kingori Gathungu , Kagiki Njogu , Mwangi Ireri
Published: November 2024

The study assessed the effect of socio-economic characteristics on the management methods of T. absoluta in Mwea, Kirinyaga County. The target population was 2300 open fields and 20 green-house tomato farmers in Mwea. A descriptive research design was used in the study, and a multistage sampling procedure was used to get a sample of 303 respondents. Through a survey, 283 open-field tomato small-scale farmers were randomly interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Socio-economic and crop protection data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric modeling. The multivariate probit model estimates showed that gender, education, age, land size, household income, and extension significantly affected farmers' choice of pest control methods to manage T. absoluta. The negative coefficients showed that an increase in either one of the socio-economic factors would help increase tomato yields reduced by T. absoluta. The study results encourage small-scale tomato farmers to use other pest management methods, such as crop rotation and weeding, so as not to rely on chemical pesticides alone to control T. absoluta. To learn more about tomato pest management practices, Tomato small-scale farmers should join farmers' groups and organizations. National and County policymakers should adopt policies to encourage integrated pest management methods to avoid excess chemical pesticides in tomato production.
Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extract: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Authors: Malgwi Daniel , Adamu Harami , Boryo Doris , Oguike Raphael
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of Piliostigma thonningii leaves to provide scientific evidence for its traditional medicinal use. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods, revealing the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, and steroids, while glycosides and phenols were absent. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, all indicating significant antioxidant capacity that increased with extract concentration. The results indicate a dose-dependent antioxidant response across all assays, with higher concentrations of extracts exhibiting greater scavenging potential against free radicals and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation. While the extracts show slightly lower potency compared to ascorbic acid, they still demonstrate considerable antioxidant activity, especially at higher concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, comparing three dosages of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to Diclofenac and a negative control. The 100 mg/kg dose effectively delayed peak inflammation, showing strong anti-inflammatory activity similar to, but less consistent than, Diclofenac. These findings support the traditional use of Piliostigma thonningii leaves in managing inflammation and pain, suggesting potential for further development as a natural therapeutic agent."
Evaluation of the Application Effect of Standardized Four-hand Operation in Biofunctional Prosthetic
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Tingting , Wei Ting
Published: November 2024

Objective: To explore the standardized nursing cooperation method in the process of biological functional denture restoration. Methods: From January 2022 to January 2024, 82 patients with full edentulous jaws restored with biological functional dentures in the Department of Stomatology, a Grade III level A hospital in Hubei Province were selected. The standardized four-handed operation nursing cooperation was implemented, and the time doctors took the primary impression, the satisfaction rate of doctors with the four-handed operation cooperation ofs nurses, and the satisfaction rate of patients with nursing service were evaluated. Results: the average time of the doctors to make the first impression was 32.37±1.30 min, the satisfaction rate of the doctors to the nurses' four-hand operation was 100%, and the satisfaction rate of the patients to the nursing service was 99%. Conclusion: The standardized four-hand operation in the process of biological functional restoration system could improve the work efficiency and the satisfaction of doctors and patients, which was worthy of clinical promotion.
Reducing Non-Productive Time: Strategies for Cost Optimization in Offshore Drilling Operations
Authors: Eteyen Oboho
Published: November 2024

Reducing Non-Productive Time (NPT) is critical for cost optimization in offshore drilling operations, where operational efficiency directly impacts financial performance. NPT, which refers to periods when drilling activities are halted or progress is significantly slowed, can lead to substantial financial losses and project delays. Effective strategies for minimizing NPT are essential for optimizing costs and enhancing overall drilling performance. This paper adopted a descriptive approach in evaluating key strategies for reducing NPT through Lean methodologies, such as Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) framework, which helps to eliminate waste and non-value-adding activities. Improved process efficiency results in faster operations and reduced downtime, contributing to significant cost savings. Effective resource management, including optimized crew deployment and inventory management, further supports cost reduction by avoiding overstocking and ensuring optimal use of resources. The paper concluded that reducing NPT through predictive maintenance, parameter optimization, process efficiency, and resource management using Lean Six Sigma Method is crucial for cost optimization in offshore drilling operations. These strategies collectively enhance operational performance, leading to financial and efficiency gains in the industry.
The Contribution of the St John Vianney Seminary in the Training of Catholic Clergy in the Past 50 Years According to Professor Joy Brain
Authors: Dikotsi Mofokeng
Published: November 2024

The Roman Catholic Church made it compulsory for its priests to study both philosophy and theology in the seminary before ordination. The aim of these studies is to produce scientifically capable and professional pastors. St John Vianney Seminary was established in 1948 in Pretoria, South Africa. In 2023 the seminary celebrated its 75th Anniversary. However, the article is on the history of different phases of the seminary for the last 50 years as described in the book authored by Brain, JB. The article explains historical documents that led to the formation of the seminary in the apartheid South Africa. The aim is to supplement the history of St John Vianney Seminary with impressions and anecdotes concerning the teaching staff and students. The researcher will reflect on some ideas regarding the seminary in the new dispensation. The research is conducted in the form of a Literature study and draws from literature on the historical book: St John Vianney Seminary – 50 Years of Priestly Training by Professor J. B. Brain published in 2002 as the main source. To include some elements of the contemporary activities in the seminary, the research method is based on a mixture of literature analysis, oral story-telling and interviews.
Preservation of Cultural Authenticity: Analysing Cultural Transfer in the Translation Process
Authors: Ozturk Emirhan
Published: November 2024

This article deals with the analysis and importance of cultural transfer in the translation process. Translation is a complex process that acts as a bridge between language and culture and cultural transfer is an integral part of the translation process. Apart from grammar and word choice, translators need a deep cultural knowledge and sensitivity in order to understand the cultural elements in the source text and transfer them appropriately to the target language and culture. The article states that translation theories and approaches play an important role in analysing cultural transfer in the translation process. Theories and approaches such as equivalence theory, polysystem theory, cultural translation approach and postcolonial translation theories can be used to understand the translation process and provide a guiding perspective for translators. The impact of cultural transfer on the translation process is vital for the success of the translator. Cultural differences shape translation decisions and enable translators to convey the text accurately. Translators should have a deep cultural knowledge to understand the cultural context of the text and the expectations of the target culture. It also emphasises the interaction between language and culture in the translation process. Language is the main medium through which a culture is expressed, and language and culture influence each other in the translation process. Translators should understand both the language and cultural structure of the source culture and the norms and values of the target culture. In this way, they can accurately convey the text in the translation process. The role of translators in cultural transfer is to accurately convey cultural values and norms when transferring a text from the source culture to the target culture. Translators' responsibilities include interpreting cultural elements correctly, conveying cultural references appropriately and ensuring effective communication in the target culture.
Central Bank Losses and the Shareholder Values of Commercial Credit Institutions
Authors: Lucke Bernd
Published: November 2024

Quantitative Easing (QE) created huge excess reserves of Eurozone credit institutions. When Quantitative Tightening (QT) set in, these reserves had to be remunerated by the European Central Bank (ECB) at the deposit facility rate. Hence, credit institutions presently benefit from large interest incomes on their reserve holdings, reflected by increasing share prices. I study the case of Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (AG) using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) framework to identify the root causes of the recent rise in Deutsche Bank share prices. In order to identify the effects of QT on stock prices, each empirical model is estimated on two different samples: One sample which ends in June 2022 when QE was discontinued and a second sample spanning the same time period plus the rather short QT-period July 2022 to September 2023. The stark difference in results suggests that autonomous monetary policy decisions which raised the deposit facility rate since June 2022 have significantly increased the price of Deutsche Bank stocks. Since the interest payments to commercial credit institutions are not offset by revenues from ECB assets purchased during QE, this implies that private wealth of shareholders increased at the expense of central bank profits that would normally contribute to public budgets.
Prevalence of Salmonella in Eggs from Modern, Industrial and Semi-Industrial Farms
Authors: Camara Fanta , Diarra Ousmane , Bah Aisse , Dao Sognan , Kassogue Adounignia , Maiga Modibo , Diarra Bakary , Camara Mahamoud , Samake Salimatou , Maiga Boubacar , Traore Atia , Kone Abdoulaye , Wele Mamadou , Babana Amadou
Published: November 2024

Bacteria of the genus Salmonella have proven to be one of the leading foodborne illnesses worldwide, with serious consequences for human and animal health. In Mali the spread of this germ from poultry eggs is considered a major source of typhoid fever. Currently, the intensification of animal production has been favored by the use of veterinary drugs, in particular antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of salmonella isolated from egg samples collected at the different study sites. The samples taken numbered one hundred and fifty-eight (158 eggs) in Bamako and in peri-urban areas. Peri-urban areas supply Bamako with foodstuffs of animal origin, particularly eggs. Microbiological analysis of the collected eggs was carried out according to ISO 6579-1:2017 standards using Rappaport Vassiliadis culture medium for enrichment and Salmonella Shigella (SS) agar for identification of salmonella. The density results showed that 8.86% of the eggs floated to the surface of the saline solution and the microbiological analyzes showed that the presence of Salmonella in 08 of the 158 egg samples, giving a prevalence of 5.06%. This low percentage could be explained by the misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming. Studies with more advanced quantitative methods should be conducted to identify the nature of the antibiotics present in these foods, as well as to quantify their contents.
Advancements in Real-Time Monitoring to Reduce Non-Productive Time in Oil Exploration in Nigeria
Authors: Eteyen Oboho
Published: November 2024

The study investigated the advancements in real-time monitoring technologies aimed at reducing Non-Productive Time (NPT) in oil exploration in Nigeria, employing systematic content analysis as the research design. Given Nigeria's status as Africa's largest oil producer, the sector faces significant challenges related to aging infrastructure, frequent equipment failures, and operational inefficiencies. The study synthesized findings from recent literature on emerging digital technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), and their impact on operational efficiency. The systematic content analysis revealed that the integration of AI and IoT in real-time monitoring can effectively enhance predictive maintenance, optimize drilling parameters, and facilitate immediate responses to operational anomalies. Findings indicated that these technologies have the potential to reduce NPT by up to 30%, leading to improved productivity and cost savings. Additionally, the study highlighted the economic and environmental implications of adopting these technologies in Nigeria’s oil sector. The research underscores the necessity for investment in digital infrastructure and training, advocating for a strategic approach to modernize Nigeria's oil exploration practices in alignment with global best practices. Overall, this study contributes to the discourse on technological innovations in the oil and gas industry, providing actionable insights for stakeholders aiming to enhance operational efficiency in Nigeria's exploration activities.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows to Ethiopia: An ARDL Model Approach
Authors: Ayal Betselot , Bekalu Kassa , Ayenalem Mulugeta
Published: November 2024

FDI plays a critical role in Ethiopia's economic growth and development. However, despite government reforms designed to promote stability and economic expansion, FDI inflows have exhibited a declining trend, marked by volatility and unpredictability. Thus, this study aims to examine the key determinants of FDI inflow into Ethiopia. To attain this objective, the study employed a time series analysis using the ARDL model to investigate the short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. Data spanning thirteen years, from 2012 to 2024, was provided by the NBE, WB, EIC, and MoFED datasets. The study's main findings indicate that macroeconomic stability, trade openness, inflation rate, real GDP per capita, infrastructure, GDP growth, and exchange rate are all significant factors that affect FDI inflows to Ethiopia. In the short run, the empirical findings of the study show that exchange rate, infrastructure, market size, and trade openness are significant positive determinants of FDI. On the other hand, the inflation rate negatively affects FDI; a 1% rise in inflation corresponds to a 1.03% decrease in FDI inflows, suggesting that higher inflation may deter FDI due to economic instability. The long-run equation, on the other hand, revealed that the real GDP per capita, inflation rate, exchange rate, infrastructure, and GDP growth all exhibit the expected signs and are statistically significant at the 5% level. However, at the 5% level, macroeconomic stability and the trade openness index are positive but statistically insignificant. Finally, based on the study's findings, appropriate policy measures have been recommended.
Indigenous Rights and Health: A Legal and Sociocultural Approach
Authors: Alcântara Maria , Mafra Juliana , Parellada Alejandro
Published: November 2024

This research note explores the intersection of Indigenous rights and health from a legal and sociocultural perspective, focusing on the unique challenges faced by Indigenous communities in Brazil. It critically examines the tension between individual and collective rights as they pertain to health, highlighting the divergence between Western biomedical models and Indigenous worldviews of "well-being" or "sumak kawsay." The study reviews the existing legal and normative frameworks—ranging from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to Brazil's constitution—that aim to ensure culturally appropriate healthcare for Indigenous peoples. Despite these frameworks, significant challenges persist, including cultural and linguistic barriers, distrust of formal health services, inadequate access to care, and institutional discrimination. Through case studies, such as the health crisis among the Yanomami people, the note illustrates how these issues manifest in practice and argues for the need to incorporate Indigenous healing practices into the broader health system. The study concludes by advocating for a more intercultural health approach that respects and integrates Indigenous knowledge, enhances community participation, and fosters a more inclusive, just, and effective health system for Indigenous peoples in Brazil.
Assessment of Function of Beekeepers Farmers Research Group in Selected Oromia Zones
Authors: Biyena Lalisa , Degu Teshome
Published: November 2024

Assessment of the function of beekeepers Farmers’ Research Extension Group (FREG) was conducted in Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfine, West shewa and Southwest shewa Zones of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia from February to May, 2021 with the specific objectives to assess the main functions of FREGs and to explore challenges faced beekeepers FREGs in the areas. The interview was conducted using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires to collect the required data. Descriptive statistics was employed to summarize variables, while inferential tools like independent samples t-test and chi-square were used to test variables under hypothesis. The results indicated that FREGs participants were better involved in diagnosis situations, result evaluation and dissemination than nonmembers. Some of the major constraints identified from the assessment include weak linkage among stakeholders, lack of habit of working together and poor participation of beekeepers in innovation system. The result also revealed that sex of household heads, experience in beekeeping, education level and family size showed significant difference. Hence, FREG approach has help project participants to improve their participation in research and development activity. However, substantial support is required from stakeholders in order to improve linkage and broaden its scope.
Exploring Information Sources on Malaria Prevention and Their Impact on Knowledge Among Pregnant Women in Urban Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Akua , Nsiah Richmond , Obeng Lynna , Sarkodie Priscilla , Nyarko Dominic , Gmanyami Jonathan , Ayirebi Isaac , Domfeh Charlotte , Morrison Isaac , Morrison Margaret , Peprah Florence , Ayambire Geoffrey , Larbi-Debrah Patrick , Atsu-Ofori Obed , Prempeh Frank , Agyemang Kwame , Badiekang Samuel , Adinkrah Daniel , Dagoe Gilbert , Mabou Gabriel
Published: November 2024

Background: Adequate knowledge of malaria prevention among pregnant women is crucial for mitigating the associated risks. This study aimed to explore the various information sources on malaria preventive measures and assess their impact on the knowledge of malaria prevention among pregnant women in an urban district of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 300 pregnant women was conducted to evaluate their knowledge of malaria prevention. Chi-square tests were utilized to assess the relationships between these educational sources and levels of knowledge. To quantify the influence of each educational source on knowledge, logistic regression models were employed, providing adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel version 2026. Results: Overall, 88.7% of participants demonstrated adequate knowledge of malaria prevention. Education at health posts by trained workers was linked to higher knowledge (AOR = 7.82, 95% CI [1.26, 48.35], p = 0.027). In contrast, education from family or friends was associated with lower knowledge levels (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.15, 0.76], p = 0.008). Media and written materials did not significantly affect knowledge levels (χ² (1, N = 300) = 0.44, p = 0.51). Conclusion: The findings highlight the pivotal role of health posts and health workers in enhancing malaria prevention knowledge among pregnant women. Strategies aimed at strengthening health facility-based education could significantly improve maternal health outcomes in malaria-endemic regions. Further research is recommended to explore effective approaches for augmenting education from family networks and media to complement health facility-based efforts.
Hydrogeological Characterisation of a Sedimentary Aquifer and Springs Near the City of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso: Isotopic Approaches
Authors: Millogo Césard , Ki Issan , Ouedraogo Issoufou , Nakolendoussé Samuel
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the functioning of the aquifer system and springs in the Pala basin through hydrochemical and isotopic analyses. Thirteen samples were analyzed, including two rainwater samples, three spring samples and eight borehole samples. The stable isotopic composition (2H and 18O) of rainwater shows that it is virtually unaffected by evaporation as it falls. Groundwater d-excess values are high, with an average of 11.28 ‰, and all samples have values higher than the local rainfall average of 7.99 ‰. This result suggests direct infiltration of precipitation of oceanic and slightly continental origin, through a favourable geological context. The isotopic study shows that there are two different recharge periods: a cold, wet period with a depletion in 18O and the current period. Around borehole E2, the oldest with a tritium content of 1.8 TU, recharge took place during this cold period. The other waters are the result of mixing with waters from the current period. The springs observed in the study area come from Sotouba sandstone aquifers after erosion exposed the piezometric water level in the Kou basin, hence their origin. Most of the boreholes tap the aquifers of both geological formations, which makes it difficult to distinguish the water from these two aquifers by analysis.