bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının covid-19 salgını sürecinde uzaktan eğitim deneyimleri ve görüşleri
Authors: SEYHAN Ayşe
Published: July 2021

Koronavirüs (COVID-19) salgını sebebiyle Türkiye dahil birçok ülkede, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılının bahar döneminde, örgün eğitimden uzaktan eğitime geçilmiştir. Bu dönemde sosyal mesafeyi koruma önlemleri kapsamında sokağa çıkma yasakları uygulanmıştır. Acil olarak başlatılan uzaktan eğitim, öğretim yöntem ve uygulamalarının değişmesine sebep olmuştur. Salgın sürecinin uzun sürmesi, öğrenmeye ayrılan zamanı ve öğrencilerin öğrenme fırsatlarını sınırlandırmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının salgın sürecinde uzaktan eğitim deneyimlerini ve bu sürece ilişkin görüşlerini almaktır. Durum çalışması şeklinde tasarlanan araştırma Türkiye’deki yedi farklı üniversiteden 151 öğretmen adayının katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile elde edilen veriler içerik analizi çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, salgın sürecinde yapılan uzaktan öğretimde öğretmen adaylarının, internete erişim, materyal temini, öğrenme ortamı sağlama, öğrenme güçlüğü vb. sebeplerden zorluklar yaşadıklarını göstermiştir. Aynı zamanda uzaktan öğretim sürecinin zamandan ve mekândan bağımsız öğrenme, araştırma, okuma ve öğrenme becerilerini geliştirme gibi faydalarının olduğunu da ortaya koymuştur.
Öğrenenlerin acil uzaktan öğretim uygulamasına ilişkin görüş ve önerilerinin ekolojik sistem teorisi bağlamında değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERDEM AYDIN İrem
Published: July 2021

Koronavirüs (COVID-19) küresel salgınından en çok etkilenen alanlardan biri de eğitimdir. Küresel salgın dönemi ile birlikte yürütülemeyen eğitim etkinliklerinin geçici olarak çevrimiçi ortama taşınarak acil uzaktan öğretim (AUÖ) uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, lisans ve lisansüstü öğrenenlerin küresel salgın sürecinde yürütülen AUÖ uygulamalarına yönelik düşündüklerini belirlemek, kavramsal bir çerçeve içerisinde tartışmaktır. Bu çalışma, durum çalışması olarak desenlemiş̧ ve çevrimiçi bir anket ile veri toplanıştır. Ankette, üç açık uçlu sorunun yanı sıra öğrenenlerin bazı özellikleri sorgulanmıştır. İlk soruda eğitimlerine devam ettikleri uzaktan eğitim deneyimlerinin geliştirilmesi gereken yönlerini belirlemeleri, ikinci soruda, bu deneyimlerine ilişkin beğendikleri ve olumlu buldukları tarafların neler olduğunu ifade etmeleri istenmiştir. Üçüncü soruda, gelecekte uzaktan eğitimle eğitim almayı isteyip istemediklerini nedenleriyle açıklamaları istenmiş ve bu cevaplar Ekolojik Sistem Teorisi (EST) bağlamında tartışılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, AUÖ uygulamalarının altyapı, erişim, tasarım, içerik, mevzuat ve pedagojik açıdan gözden geçirilmesinin gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Öğrenenlerin görüş ve önerilerinin sürecin öğretim tasarımı üzerinde yoğunlaştığı da dikkati çekmiştir.
Okul öncesi dönemdeki 5-6 yaş çocuklarının görsel okuryazarlık durumlarının ve dijital öğrenme içeriklerinin incelenmesi
Authors: ALPAY Nagihan , OKUR Muhammet Recep
Published: July 2021

2020 yılının başında yaşanan ve tüm dünyadaki eğitim-öğretim-öğrenme sürecini yeni bir dönüşüme sokan pandemi dönemi, açık ve uzaktan öğrenmenin eğitimdeki yerini ve önemini netleştirmiş; bilgi iletişim teknolojileri desteğiyle etkili, verimli, öğrenenin ilgi ve güdüsünü aktif tutacak öğrenme içerikleri oluşturma ihtiyacı artmıştır. Türkiye’de uzaktan öğretim sürecine okul öncesi eğitimin de dahil olmasıyla beraber bu dönem çocuklarının görsel okuryazarlık durumları ile öğretimde kullanılan dijital öğrenme içeriklerinin ilişkisinin incelenmesi önem kazanmıştır. 5-6 yaş çocukların dijital öğrenme içeriklerine gösterdikleri ilgi-güdü düzeylerinin analizi, okul öncesi uzaktan eğitimde başarının artırılması için gereklidir. Çalışmada, Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) üzerinden gerçekleştirilen okul öncesi öğretim sürecinde kullanılan altı farklı öğrenme içeriğinin (dijital kitap, eğitici çizgi film, konu anlatımlı video, doküman, etkileşimli içerik, ses dosyası) 5-6 yaş grubu çocukların ilgi-güdü düzeylerine etkisi incelenmiştir.
PENGEMBANGAN KOMODITAS UNGGULAN SAYURAN DI KECAMATAN BUALEMO KABUPATEN BANGGAI
Authors: Labongkeng Fatni Lasari , Rustiawati Yuni , Zaenuddin Ruslan A.
Published: July 2021

Hasil analisis LQ bahwa dari ke enam komoditi sayuran yang di usahakan di Kecamatan Bualemo hanya lima Desa yang melakukan usahatani hortikultura diantaranya : Hasil komoditi hortikultura yang ada di Kecamatan Bualemo yang memiliki LQ > 1 terdapat 3 komoditas unggulan di Desa Trans Mayayap antara lain komoditi cabai (4,4), tomat (1,4), dan kacang panjang (1,9), Desa Nipa Kalemoan terdapat 3 komoditas unggulan yang terdiri dari komoditi bawang merah (1,8), terong (3,0), dan kacang panjang (1,7), Desa Malik makmur memiliki komoditas unggulan komoditi tomat (1,5), Desa Malik memiliki komoditas unggulan komoditi tomat (1,9) sedangkan Desa Bima Karya memiliki komoditas unggulan yang terdiri dari bawang merah (1,8), dan cabai rawit (3,3). Selabjutnya, analisis SWOT strategi yang tepat dalam upaya pengembangan usahatani sayuran di Kecamatan Bualemo Kabupaten Banggai pada posisi strategi atau kuadran I  yaitu mendukung strategi agresif yaitu strategi S-O (Strengths -Opportunities) dengan skor yang diperoleh sebesar 4,41. Strategi yang diterapkan pada kondisi seperti ini guna meningkatkan pengembangan usahatani sayuran dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan dan peluang yang  ada yaitu meningkatkan pengembangan sayuran dan memanfaatkan adanya permintaan pasar dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan dan peluang.
IDENTIFIKASI SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA TANAH TERHADAP TANAMAN UBI BANGGAI DI KECAMATAN BANGGAI SELATAN
Authors: Paparang Ferdi , Yatim Herwin , Pelia Lani , Mambuhu Nurmasyita
Published: July 2021

Ubi Banggai merupakan salah satu jenis pangan lokal umbi-umbian yang sangat digemari di Kabupaten Banggai laut karena menjadi pangan populer di Masyarakat selain jenis tanaman umbi lainnya yang menjadi alternatif beras. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil analisis sifat fisik dan kimia tanah sampai menentukan status kesuburan tanah untuk tanaman Ubi Banggai Desa Matanga dan Bentean Kecamatan Banggai Selatan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada Bulan September Tahun 2020 dengan metode Survei deskriptif-eksploratif. Hasil penelitian sifat fisik tanah tanaman ubi banggai di Kecamantan Banggai Selatan yaitu Desa Matanga bertekstur lempung berliat dan Desa Bentean bertekstur lempung berdebu, hasil analisis sifat kimia tanah memiliki kriteria yaitu pH rendah, C-organik tinggi, P2O5 srendah, K2O rendah, KTK sedang dan KB sedang, dengan status kesuburan tanah tergolong rendah walaupun status rendah tetapi lahan di lokasi penelitian cukup sesuai untu tanaman Ubi Banggai
FATORES DE RISCO PARA A PERDA DA INTEGRIDADE DE PELE: ASPECTOS DA MICROBIOTA INGUINAL EM IDOSAS EM USO DE FRALDAS
Authors: Lopes Thaynara Ferreira , Lucena Sarah Lídia Fonteles , Brito Odézio Damasceno , Freitas Maria Célia de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para a perda da integridade da pele associada a alterações da microbiota da região inguinal em idosas em uso de fraldas. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado de novembro a dezembro de 2018. Informa-se que a amostra foi de 16 idosas, com idades entre 69 e 93 anos, em uso contínuo de fraldas. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de um formulário. Utilizou-se o aparelho Skin Analyser Digital para a avaliação das condições da pele. Organizaram-se os dados pelo softwareStatistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 20.0. Aprovou-se o estudo com o número de Parecer 1.600.818 e CAAE 54617616.6.0000.5534. Resultados:apuraram-se os resultados relacionadosà mobilidade das idosas eà população feminina cadeirante (50%), acamada (37,5%) e deambulando com auxílio (12,5%). Observaram-se, quanto ao aspecto da pele na região da fralda, a pele hiperemiada (81,25%), com hiperpigmentação (12,5%) e a perda de epiderme (6,25%). Percebeu-se que a “pele oleosa” (43,75%) apresentou elasticidade ruim, seguida pela “pele seca” (12,5%), “pele mista” (18,75%) e “pele adequada” (25%). Conclusão:tornaram-se possíveis a observação da prática de cuidados relacionados ao uso de fraldas e a identificação de fatores de risco que envolvem a perda da integridade de pele associada a alterações da microbiota de idosas.
Desarrollo e influencia del Zen en Occidente. Análisis de la presencia Zen en la obra de Kandinsky y Malévich
Authors: Fragua Valdivieso Jorge
Published: July 2021

Recorrido histórico a través de las filosofías orientales tales como el Budismo Zen para demostrar la influencia de estas en el contexto de la escuela Bauhaus. El objetivo es hacer patente el condicionamiento que suponen en la creación y desarrollo de esta, a través de la búsqueda de similitudes entre la obra de algunos de sus principales profesores como Kandinsky o Gropius. También se analiza el entorno de la escuela a través de los principales representantes de los movimientos arquitectónicos y artísticos en una búsqueda del Budismo a través del análisis de algunas de sus obras más emblemáticas. Para esta labor nos basaremos, principalmente, en la obra de Malévich en comparación con el templo Budista Genko-an, para así poder vislumbrar los principales conceptos, no solo de su obra, sino también de su filosofía en relación con el Suprematismo.
El crimen del señor S. Karma de Abe Kōbō. La metamorfosis como síntesis de la vanguardia artística y política
Authors: Hornedo Pérez-Aloe Lucía
Published: July 2021

Abe Kōbō fue uno de los escritores más destacados de la literatura japonesa de posguerra y al igual que muchos jóvenes de la época se interesó por las vanguardias artísticas y por el comunismo. Frecuentó y lideró grupos de artistas en los que se debatía sobre los ideales vanguardistas y, como miembro del Partido Comunista, organizó actividades culturales en zonas obreras. Estos años fueron también los de su lanzamiento como escritor, tras obtener el prestigioso Premio Akutagawa. Un tema recurrente en sus relatos de entonces era el de la metamorfosis y por ello fue apodado por muchos el Kafka japonés, si bien él reconocía otras influencias. En este artículo analizamos uno de estos relatos de metamorfosis para indagar en la significación de este motivo temático, que consideramos la síntesis de las dos vanguardias, la artística y la política, que Abe entendía como inseparables.
François Caron y su visión del arte japonés a comienzos del siglo XVII
Authors: Sanz Guillén Alejandro M.
Published: July 2021

Durante las primeras décadas del siglo XVII, en un momento en el que las relaciones entre Occidente y Japón entran en crisis, residió en el archipiélago François Caron. Este trabajador de la Compañía Neerlandesa de Indias Orientales permaneció en el País del Sol Naciente desde 1619 hasta 1641, llegando a ostentar el cargo de opperhoofd (encargado principal) del puesto comercial neerlandés de Hirado. Durante su estancia en el archipiélago, Caron tuvo la oportunidad de introducirse en la cultura nipona y aprender el idioma. Su conocimiento sobre el país fue tal que recibió el encargo de realizar un informe respondiendo a varias preguntas relativas a las islas, el cual se acabaría publicando por primera vez en 1646 en Ámsterdam bajo el título Beschrijvinghe van het machtigh coninckrijck Iapan, siendo reeditado y traducido en numerosas ocasiones en los años siguientes. La obra de Caron tuvo un enorme calado y nos ofrece una valiosa información sobre la sociedad japonesa de comienzos del periodo Edo, siendo uno de los textos más importantes sobre Japón publicados en Europa durante la Edad Moderna. En el siguiente trabajo analizaremos los comentarios y referencias en torno a las manifestaciones artísticas japonesas que Caron realizó, estudiando la visión que el autor reflejó sobre estas.
Entre la tradición y la vanguardia, un análisis del documental Antonio Gaudí (1984): Teshigahara Hiroshi y Takemitsu Tōru
Authors: Sastre Griselda Vilar
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación se centra en el análisis audiovisual de la obra cinematográfica documental Antonio Gaudí (1984), dirigida por el cineasta japonés Teshigahara Hiroshi (Tokyo, 28 de enero de 1927 - Tokyo, 14 de abril de 2001). Esta película permite profundizar en la rica relación artística entre el director y el músico nipón Takemitsu Tōru (Tokyo, 8 de octubre de 1930- Tokyo, 20 de febrero de 1996), compositor de importantes bandas sonoras de la cinematografía japonesa. El retrato particular del legado arquitectónico de Antonio Gaudí (Reus, 25 de junio de 1852 - Barcelona, 10 de junio de 1926) y de la ciudad de Barcelona que realiza este documental nos invita a profundizar en detalle sobre la película, sus rasgos narrativos y musicales.
Arquitectos japoneses en España, arquitectos españoles en Japón, 1990-2020
Authors: Vives Rego Javier
Published: July 2021

Tanto en Japón como en España sigue existiendo una mirada hacia «el otro» teñida de cierto barniz exótico, seguramente favorecido por la distancia que separa a los dos países. Para un artista español trabajar en Japón resulta igual de estimulante que para un japonés hacerlo en España. Para ambos es una experiencia enriquecedora por lo alejados que se encuentran sus respectivos entornos sociales y culturales, y, en el caso de la arquitectura, también por las diferencias tecnológicas y estéticas.

En los años sesenta del pasado siglo, en ambos países se construyeron algunos edificios que emulaban formas clásicas «del otro». A partir de esos ejemplos, este estudio intentará descubrir si ese tipo de mirada o interpretación a modo de homenaje se ha mantenido o no en los últimos treinta años, cuando unos pocos arquitectos japoneses y españoles han empezado a construir obras en España y Japón respectivamente.

Este trabajo mostrará no solo los proyectos ejecutados por los más renombrados arquitectos japoneses y españoles en el país «del otro», sino también las propuestas ganadoras de concursos que finalmente no se han llevado a cabo. De cada una de esas obras, se indicará el año de construcción, o el del fallo del concurso, su situación y las incidencias más relevantes durante su materialización. Con esos datos se comparará la huella que arquitectos japoneses y españoles han dejado en los últimos treinta años en España y Japón, respectivamente.
La Caligrafía Japonesa en la Era Digital
Authors: Merino Estebaranz Aitana
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se analiza la presencia de la caligrafía japonesa en las creaciones artísticas contemporáneas con el fin de entender su proceso de evolución y la permanencia de algunos de sus fundamentos esenciales en el arte digital. En estas obras, la expresión del espacio, del tiempo y de las emociones pasa a la tercera dimensión interactiva y accesible para el espectador universal gracias al empleo de un lenguaje actual envuelto en la estética de la cultura tradicional japonesa.
Penerapan Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Melalui Gugatan Sederhana (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor: 8/PDT.G.S/2020/PN.Yyk.)
Authors: Cumbhadrika Chittto
Published: July 2021

Dalam asas hukum  acara  perdata  di  Indonesia  yaitu salah  satunya  yaitu  asas  sederhana,  cepat dan  biaya  ringan. Proses  penyelesaian  gugatan  sederhana  atau  biasa disebut  dengan  small  claim  court  merupakan  tata  cara    pemeriksaan  di  persidangan terhadap  gugatan  perdata  dengan  nilai  gugatan  materiil  paling  banyak  senilai  Rp. 500.000.000 juta yang diselesaikan dengan tata cara dan pembuktiannya sederhana. Rumusan masalah: 1). Bagaimana mekanisme gugatan sederhana menurut peraturan mahkamah agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 sebagaimana diubah dengan PERMA Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 pada pelaksanaan peradilan gugatan sederhana? Dan Bagaimana Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Putusan Nomor 8/PDT.G.S/2020/PN.Yyk tentang Gugatan Sederhana? Penerapan metode penelitian yaitu berupa Yuridis Normatif, artinya permasalahan yang diangkat, dibahas dan   diuraikan dalam penelitian ini difokuskan dengan menerapkan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif. penelitian ini membahas pihak-pihak dalam Small Claim Court terdiri dari penggugat dan tergugat baik itu orang perseorangan maupun badan hukum yang masing-masing tidak boleh lebih dari satu, kecuali memiliki kepentingan hukum yang sama. Adapun Tempat tinggal sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam Pasal 4 ayat (3a) Perma Nomor: 4 Tahun 2019 yang menyebutkan bahwa “dalam hal Penggugat berada di luar wilayah hukum tempat tinggal atau domisili Tergugat, Penggugat dalam mengajukan gugatan menunjuk kuasa, kuasa insidentil, atau wakil yang beralamat di wilayah hukum atau domisili Tergugat dengan surat tugas dari institusi”.
Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Quality of Life (QoL) of Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shamanadze Ana , Tchokhonelidze Irma , Kandashvili Tamar , Gordeladze David
Published: July 2021

Chronic kidney disease is a global problem. Increasing evidence suggests that interstinal microflore is altered in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).The gut microbiome is a key driver of chronic inflammation. Many of uremic retention solutes are produced by dysbiotic intestinal microflore that may have a great impact on survival of the CKD patients. Our sample study consisted of 147 patients (78 female, 69 male age 18-75) undergoing hemodialysis in one dialysis center. Data were collected by the completion of a scpecially designed questionnaire. Patients received hemodialysis therapy for 4-5 hours sessions, three times weekly using polysulfone dialyzers. It was revealed significant alteration of the colonic bacterial flora in hemodialysis patients, with the excess of the uremic toxin producing bacteria. Also, there was strict correlation between gut dysbiosis and HD patent's QoL.
The Assessment of the Validity and Reliability of the Three-Dimensional Contribution Scale in Adults and the Analysis of the Scale with Different Variables
Authors: ALDEMİR Abdullah , BALCI ÇELİK Seher
Published: July 2021

This study has two aims: to examine the psychometric properties of the Three-Dimensional Contribution Scale in adults and to reveal how the contribution supports authenticity. To attain the first aim, a total of 198 individuals (105 females, 93 males) were included in the study. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale maintained its three-factor structure. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale was determined to be.88. Regarding the criterion-related validity, a significant positive relationship was determined between the Three-Dimensional Contribution Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale. As a result, it can be said that the present scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine contribution levels in adults. To accomplish the second aim of the study, a total of 383 individuals (184 females, 197 males, and two individuals with no sex specification) were enrolled in the study. The examination of the findings of the simple linear regression analysis of authenticity and the subscales of authenticity indicated that contribution supported the authentic living subscale of the authenticity positively. However, it was also found that contribution supported the self-alienation subscale of the authenticity negatively and that there was no significant relationship between the acceptance of external influences subscale and the total score of authenticity. In conclusion, it can be said that as the level of contribution increases, the authenticity of individuals will increase, as well.
Investigation of Emotional Labor in Teaching
Authors: TÖRE Esra
Published: July 2021

Teaching, as a profession, involves high levels of emotional labor. This aspect of teaching makes it distinct from other lines of work. It is an emotion-based profession, and good practice of teaching is full of positive emotions. This positivity is a must in the teacher's relationship with his/her students to ensure a healthy classroom atmosphere. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' emotional labor behaviors based on various variables. This study was designed as a descriptive survey model, conducted on 556 teachers working in 21 different schools in İstanbul. With a stratified sampling method, the study data were collected through a measuring tool consisting of 'Personal Information Form' and 'Emotional Labor Scale'. Percentage (%), frequency (f), standard deviation (s), mean score (x̄) values were calculated, and One-Way ANOVA tests and T-test were performed. As a result of the research, it was found that teachers' overall emotional labor behavior level was medium. The highest average score, which was collected under the factor of "genuine emotions," is "high"; the lowest average score, which was collected under the "surface acting" factor, is "low", and teachers' deep acting level was "medium." Teachers' emotional labor levels vary based on gender, profession, and school type. On the other hand, teachers' emotional labor levels do not vary according to their age, tenure, and education level. The findings were discussed, and recommendations were made to the practitioners and researchers.
Adult EFL Learners’ Drives to Improve Their English in Private Language Schools
Authors: SOURI Davood , MERÇ Ali
Published: July 2021

The present study investigated EFL adult learners' reasons behind learning English in a new setting with a mixed-design research methodology. The subjects of this study were forty adult English language learners, 20 males and 20 females, who were learning English as a foreign language in a private English language school in Istanbul. Necessary data regarding the participants’ reasons for learning English were collected through two instruments: questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis revealed that external factors such as finding a job and personal interests such as the desire to make friends urged and encouraged the participants to enrol in the private English language school to improve their English after a hard day of work or study. The study's findings concluded that both instrumental and integrative motivation played roles in the participants’ drives to study English.
The Relation of Metacognition, Personality, and Foreign Language Performance
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Nesrin
Published: July 2021

Metacognition is a significant predictor of learning and academic performance, including foreign-language performance. However, variations in metacognitive competence can be observed due to several factors, potentially including personality. Analytic survey research methods were implemented to examine the relation between metacognition and personality traits and their interaction with foreign-language performance. Data were collected from 244 participants via the Turkish Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, Basic Personality Traits Inventory, and records of foreign language performance grades. Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression tests were used for data analysis. Results confirmed that Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and Agreeableness explained 20% of metacognitive knowledge, and 16% of metacognitive regulation was attributed to Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience. Compared to other language skills, it was merely reading performance correlating with metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation. On the other hand, language use was positively correlated with metacognitive regulation. Regression analyses identified that only personality traits but not metacognition predicted foreign-language performances. Conscientiousness and Extraversion predicted reading performance, and Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience were significant predictors of language use performance. These findings may suggest that personality influences foreign language reading performance, language use performance, and metacognition. Therefore, pedagogical implications may reflect individual differences, especially when delivering foreign language instruction or metacognition training modules.
Literary Curiosity Scale for Secondary Education Students: A Scale Development Study
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Nil Didem , SONTAY Fatih
Published: July 2021

This study is an attitude scale development study that reveals high school students (9th, 10th, 11th grades) literary curiosity. It is thought that students with high literary curiosity have a reading culture. Reading culture is a reading level reached by transforming reading into a habit and critical reading skill. The scale created for this purpose is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 30 items. The scales pilot study was conducted on 522 high school students in the fall semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess the construct validity of the scale. A relationship was found between the variables in the factor analysis of the items (KMO=0.955>0.60). This size was sufficient for factor analysis. As a result of the factor analysis, the variables were gathered under four factors with a total explained variance of 52.664%. The Cronbach’s Alpha (α) internal consistency coefficient for the scale items was found to be 0.945. According to the scale and test-retest findings, the scale scores differed in the bottom 27% and top 27% groups. Therefore, the literary curiosity scale was found out to be a valid and reliable instrument considering the alpha for reliability, the explained variance value, and the factor loads.
A study of the Attachment Stability of Children Living in Different Family Types (A Longitudinal Study of Children from the Age of 6 to 11)
Authors: UÇAR ÇABUK Feyza , SEVEN Serdal , ILDIZ Gökçen İlhan , YEŞİLYURT Ferahim , SEVEN Zeynep Deniz
Published: July 2021

This study aims to analyse the attachment stability of children living in different family types from the age of 6 to 11. The study sample comprises 56 children living in Muş, Turkey, including 28 nuclear families and 28 extended families. The “Incomplete Doll Family Story Scale” was used to evaluate the attachment styles of 6-year-old children. The attachment styles of 11-year-old children were evaluated with the “Kerns Secure Attachment Scale”. The analysis revealed that the attachment of 52% of the study group was stable. No changes were observed in the attachment styles of 52% of children living in nuclear families and 47% of children living in extended families, considering attachment consistency in family type. The results show that the attachment levels of children from both family types are significantly consistent from the age of 6 to 11, and the attachment stability of children living in nuclear families is stronger than children living in extended families.
Understanding the Function & Formation of Memory and the Application of Neurolinguistics programing to Reduce Fears, Traumas and Phobias.
Authors: Thomas Anil
Published: July 2021

This research is based on the idea that a link exists between memories and phobias, fears and traumas and mainly they can be reduced in one’s life by manipulating negative memories, the encoding process, and by using NLP as a therapy and its techniques like the Swish Technique or the Visual-Kinesthetic Dissociation Technique to overcome and remove those very phobias, traumas and fears. Since memory and cognition form an important part of the individual’s life because of the functions it performs the focus of this articles mainly lies surrounding this topic and how NLP can prove to be useful. The encoding process in the memory takes place through different representational systems that are a part of Neuro- Linguistic Programming (NLP). Since NLP lists visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory and gustatory as a part of this system, an attempt is made to explain how through these systems and its sub modalities (finer distinctions of the representational system) memories are formed and how emotions play a role in determining the retrieval of a particular memory and how that in turn leads to the formation of phobias, irrational fears and traumas like the fear of heights, water, etc or a traumatic event like the death of a loved one due to a disease or accident and in order to achieve all of this secondary researches, data analyses and information tools were used.
Imidacloprid Degradation Potential Of Bacillus Strain Isolated From Agriculture Soil
Authors: Naseer Ayesha , Nazuk Shumaila , Iqbal Atia
Published: July 2021

Continuous dispersion of pesticide in the environment and its stability in soil results in environmental pollution that cause harmful effect to living organisms and human by entering in food chain and this hazardous problem need to eradicate by remediation. The present research was attempted to isolate and characterize imidacloprid (IMIDA) degrading Bacillus strains from the different areas of Multan region. The imidacloprid resistant strains were isolated by checking their imidacloprid degradation ability in minimal salt medium (MSM). Levels of imidacloprid in MSM medium were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Bacillus mediated degradation of imidacloprid was assessed by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Out of 38 imidacloprid resistant strains, from 6 different soil samples, A2 showed highest imidacloprid degrading ability. The Bacillus strain A2 showed maximum growth at 25°C and pH 7 (at 600 nm). Degradation of IMIDA was determined by Rf values for IMIDA containing control (0.72) and culture extracts (0.8, 0.54 and 0.3) in TLC analysis. FTIR spectrum of strain A2 showed the appearance of new peaks at 2253 cm-1 from 2500 to 2000 cm-1 peak area as compared to control. The shifts of the peak pattern as well as occurrence of few new peaks attribute to biodegradation of imidacloprid after bacterial treatment. This study has shown that soil microbial activity significantly affected the technical profile of imidacloprid insecticides after soil application.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Patients with Disorders of Sexual Differentiation
Authors: Fatima Warda , Rafiq Tayyaba , Mahmood Saqib
Published: July 2021

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is considered to be the most common cause of genital ambiguity in children. According to World’s literature, 90-95% of this disease is caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency that impairs the synthesis of cortisol and aldosterone. The consequent excess in androgen production leads to virilization in the affected females. This study was aimed to find the number of cases with CAH (21-hydroxylase deficiency) in the children presented with disorders of sexual differentiation. For this purpose, 100 patients presented to The Children’s hospital for gender assessment were taken and their 17- OH progesterone levels were measured to confirm 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and chromosomal analysis was done to confirm chromosomal sex. Results indicated that out of 100 patients 49 were suffering from CAH. 63.2% of CAH patients were initially presented as males. Out of these, 44.8% were reassigned female gender on chromosomal analysis. So, it is concluded that the majority of patients presented with genital ambiguity in the tertiary care health facility have the ambiguity due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Safety of Street Foods in Developing Countries: An overview from Pakistan
Authors: Asim Iram , Yasmeen Humaira
Published: July 2021

Street food is one of the highlighted aspects in the cuisine of under developing countries.It contributes in the progress of socioeconomic improvement of nations. Howeverregardless of its inexpensiveness, flavor and aroma it is linked with the variety of risks toconsumers because of the way is it being prepared and served. There are noteworthynumber of individuals who consumes street food on regular basis regardless of thinkingabout its safety. This review concludes the findings of the studies on the trends in streetfoods with relation to its consumption by consumers, risks associated and how can we beovercome such risks. This review recommends the awareness and enforcement of laws andcommunity policies that should be helpful in minimizing the risks associated with streetfood along with the consumers and food vendors itself
Influence of Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria on growth and Biochemical Parameters of Corn (Zea mays l.) Var. Seedlings
Authors: Nawaz Huma , Javed Saima , Faisal Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Impact of inoculations of eight individual strains (CN2, CSH4, Cu35, CMS7, CSH23, CSH27, CF18, and Cu47, two combinations (Comb 4A and Comb 4B) of four Bacillus strains and mixture of all strains (Mix) was studied. Various growth and biochemical parameters of maize plant were determined in pot trials. Strain Bacillus subtilis CN2 showed 49% maximum increase in shoot length. The blend of entire strains was observed to have their lenghth increased about 21 %. Bacillus subtilis CN2 showed maximum increase 155%, in fresh biomass and 233 % increase in dry weight. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Cu47) and Comb 4A and showed maximum peroxidase content of 163 % and 94 % as compared to uninoculated control. Comb 4B was shown to have significant higher content of acidphosphatase (811 %). Increase in all other physical and biochemical parameters were noticed. Therefore, Bacillus strains exhibited characteristic increased potential of plant growth and can have great application in innovative agricultural practices.
Pathophysiology of Zika Virus; From Infection to Cure
Authors: Muzaffar Asifa Shina , Mahmood Zahed , Jahangeer Muhammad , Riasat Areej , Hussain Shoukat
Published: July 2021

Zika virus is an icosahedral, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, transmitted to humans by Aedes species mosquitoes. Unique features of Zika virus infection are sexual and transplacental transmission and associated neurological morbidities. The main objective of our review is to summarize the most of current information including epidemiology and pathophysiology of routes of transmission, prevalence, mode of infection, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine strategies of Zika viral infection. This article is helpful to improve the treatment of Zika viral infection which will be beneficial for society. There are two different methods to diagnose the viral infection through RT-PCR and RNA NAT analysis. Vaccines have been developed against Zika virus, DNA vaccine effects actively than mRNA and live attenuated vaccines, due to its unique mode of infection. Treatment of Zika fever is supportive and primarily involves acetaminophen for fever, headache, or myalgia. ZIKV illness is generally mild in nature, requiring no specific treatment. As with treatment for dengue, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents should be avoided if thrombocytopenia is present. The most successful trials are given by the DNA and mRNA vaccine which act by targeting the genome of the Zika virus or by inhibiting its protein synthesis mechanism.
COMPARISON OF SALVADORA PERSICA CHEWING STICK AND MANUAL TOOTH BRUSH FOR EFFICACY OF PLAQUE REMOVAL: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Riasat Madiha , Hassan Sohaib , Farooq Afaq , Gul Khaula , Aslam Kamran , Shehzad Sofia
Published: July 2021

Objective: To clinically evaluate the efficacy of chewing stick as alternative to tooth brushing for plaque removal in subject with clinically healthy gingival status.

Material and methods: This randomized trial was conducted on a total of 80 participants, randomly allocated into two groups of 40 each at Department of Periodontology, Sardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan. Group A were guided to use toothbrush, while group B was miswak users. Both groups were advised to use the respective group technique twice daily for four weeks. Pre and Post intervention examinations were planned by using Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (QHPI), which measures the plaque levels. Data was recorded on the first day (baseline) and after 4 weeks. Obtained data was analyzed using SPSS v.24.0

Results: Mean age of the study participants was 25.54±6.004 years. Plaque was measured using QHPI, at baseline group A presented mean of 5.001±1.50, while group B had mean of 4.923±0.63 (p=<0.001), while after 4 weeks, group A showed mean of 2.52±7.82, while mean of group B was 1.37±0.427 (p=<0.001) with more evident decrease in Miswak group.

Conclusion: It was concluded that Salvadora Persica chewing stick was comparatively better anti plaque agent as compared to tooth brushes in this specific study.
The Role of Intra-Operative Wound Irrigation with Normal Saline in Reduction of Surgical Site Infection in Gynecological Surgeries
Authors: Urooj Uzma , Khan Sumaira , Imran Rabia
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intra-operative wound irrigation with normal saline in reducing surgical site infections in gynaecological surgeries.

Methods: It is a prospective cohort study carried out at Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 1st November 2019 to 30th April 2020. A total of 400 patients undergoing abdominal surgery for gynecological reasons were recruited by consecutive non-probability technique. Patients with known comorbidities were excluded. Participants of study were allocated cohort and control groups at the end of the surgery after closing the abdominal fascia. In cohort group, the subcutaneous soft tissue was irrigated with 1000 ml of Normal saline solution before skin closure and sterile dressing. No intra-operative wound irrigation was performed in the control group. The primary and secondary endpoint measures (SSI up to 10th Post-Operative day) and (SSI up to 30th Post-Operative day) respectively, were assessed clinically.

Results: The study included 400 patients, with 200 in the cohort group and 200 in the control group with Mean Age of (Mean ± SD) 33.6±8.1 years. Majority of the patients had Pre-Op Hemoglobin of >11 g/dl (216)54%. Most common surgeries were Caesarean section (324)81% and Hysterectomy (40)10%. Maximum surgeries were performed between 30-30 min (312)78% with mean hospital stay of (Mean ± SD) 2.9±0.5 days. Analysis of the results showed that Intra-operative wound irrigation with normal saline significantly lesser rate of postoperative SSIs in comparison to no irrigation at both primary outcome measure that was SSI at 10th Post-operative day (POD)(RR=0.417, 95 % CI [0.15;1.161]) and secondary outcome measure that was SSI at 30th POD(RR=0.286, 95 % CI [0.060;1.359]).

Conclusion: Intra-operative wound irrigation with Normal Saline decreases the risk of SSI by 58.3% (AR) at 10thPOD and by 71.4% (AR) at 30th POD in otherwise healthy women with no comorbidities.
Reflexões filosóficas em tempos de crise
Authors: Silva Luiz Carlos Rodrigues da
Published: July 2021

A obra transita por uma constelação de temas como: a solidariedade, paradoxo, a antropossemia, o amor, a ética e a rebelião antropológica. O autor quer despertar os leitores para uma profunda reflexão sobre o homem e a humanidade numa perspectiva filosófica e promover um pensamento crítico com a justiça e a solidariedade. A obra procura também suscitar novos elementos sobre o potencial criador e inovador da humanidade para superar barreiras e enfrentar os desafios no intuito de re-inventar-se. No estágio atual da humanidade é imprescindível ousar para não perecer.
“Esuk Lara, Sore Mati”: Sejarah Pagebluk dan Penanggulangannya di Jawa Awal Abad XX
Authors: Adji Fransisca Tjandrasih , Priyatmoko Heri
Published: July 2021

Seabad lebih sebelum Covid-19 memporakporandakan sendi kehidupan, Yogyakarta dan Surakarta sebagai kota kerajaan telah menghadapi bencana pageblug yang menyebabkan banyak kematian. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkajifenomena pageblug di perkotaan Jawa periode kolonial dengan menggunakan perspektif sejarah lokal. Data berupa naskah, arsip, dan media massa dikumpulkan dari perpustakaan. Dengan metode sejarah, diketahui bahwa sebaran penyakit influenza dan pes mengakibatkan pemerintah kolonial bersama pembesar kerajaan kelabakan. Perayaan budaya seperti Garebeg Sekaten juga ditiadakan lantaran berpotensi memicu penularan penyakit. Serangan wabahyang menggila ini diatasi dengan mendatangkan dokter, menyuntikkan vaksin, dan menyediakan tempat karantina bagi warga yang terkena wabah. Temuan menarik lainnya adalah masyarakat Jawa memiliki cara alternatif mencegah penyakit menular dengan memanfaatkan pengetahuan warisan leluhur, seperti jamu atau pengobatan tradisional. Sebagai contoh, sistem pengobatan tradisional Jawa yang tersurat dalam Serat Primbon Reracikan Jampi Jawi 1-3 koleksi Perpustakaan Sasana Pustaka, Kasunanan Surakarta memamerkan betapa tingginya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap aspek kesehatan. Kenyataan ini didukung pula dengan kesadaran hidup bersih. Persoalan kesehatan tidak sekadar urusan jamu dan obat tradisional, namun kebiasaan hidup bersih juga menjadi kunci dalam menjaga kesehatan. Itulah local knowledge yang tidak ternilai. Pada masa pandemik Covid-19, pemanfaatan jamu dan pembiasaan hidup bersih kembali digencarkan. Realitas ini membuktikan bahwa pengalaman nenek moyang di masa lalu masih relevan bagi kehidupan kontemporer. Oleh sebab itu, masyarakat modern perlu menengok, mempelajari, dan mendayagunakan peninggalan kakek moyang. Terkait aspek jamu, perlu adanya saintifikasi jamu, pengedukasian masyarakat tentang jamu, serta pembudidayaan bahan jamu.
Benteng Bescherming di Cirebon: Konteks Politik, Fitur Fisik, dan Fungsinya pada Akhir Abad Ke-17
Authors: Dwicahyo Satrio
Published: July 2021

Lebih dari sekadar benda mati, sebuah benteng adalah representasi bendawi dari kehadiran sebuah kekuatan di suatu wilayah. Pada kurun tahun 1681-1835, Cirebon adalah rumah bagi sebuah benteng bernama Bescherming (perlindungan) yang dibangun oleh Maskapai Dagang Hindia Timur milik Belanda atau VOC. Sebab benteng ini sudah tak lagi berwujud, belum ada studi rinci yang merekonstruksi karakteristik fisik, fungsi, dan konteks politik dari benteng yang dioperasikan sebagai symbol aliansi antara VOC dengan sultan-sultan Cirebon. Aliansi yang dimulai pada tahun 1681 tersebut disepakati antara kedua belah pihak tanpa terlebih dahulu terlibat dalam konflik militer. Studi ini mengajukan bahwa Benteng Bescherming telah ada di Cirebon sejak tahun 1681 dalam bentuk pagger (benteng bambu). Catatan-catatan mengenai benteng ini di tahun-tahun setelahnya mengindikasikan bahwa benteng ini mengalami renovasi-renovasi. Meskipun pada dasarnya sebuah benteng adalah sarana pertahanan, BentengBescherming lebih merupakan kantor politik VOC di Cirebon untuk mengawasi komitmen para sultan terhadap aliansi VOC-Cirebon.
Tensiones admisibles para madera estructural
Authors: Pérez Galaz Vicente
Published: July 2021

El sistema adoptado en la norma chilena NCh 1990 "Madera. Tensiones admisibles para madera estructural", fue ideado en Australia y consiste en definir doce clases estructurales, para cada una de las cuales se entregan valores de tensiones admisibles de flexión, compresión paralela, tracción paralela, cizalle y módulo de elasticidad en flexión. Las tensiones admisibles de un elemento perteneciente a una determinada especie maderera se obtienen en función del grupo estructural al cual se asigna la especie maderera, del estado de humedad de la madera y de la calidad o grado estructural con el cual el elemento ha sido seleccionado.
Funciones para la estimación de la biomasa total y componentes del quillay (Quillaja saponaria Mol.)
Authors: Prado José Antonio , Aguirre A Sergio
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las funciones de biomasa que mejor estimen el peso de los árboles, para lo cual se muestrearon y pesaron completamente 50 árboles de Quillay, seleccionados de tres zonas de crecimiento de la especie. Para registrar el peso de estos árboles muestra, se separaron y pesaron en forma independiente los principales componentes que conforman el árbol, es decir, fuste, corteza, ramas y ramillas. Para determinar las mejores funciones de biomasa, se probaron modelos matemáticos lineales y alométricos, procesándolos mediante el método de regresión paso a paso. Las funciones calculadas fueron analizadas y comparadas usando varios indicadores estadísticos.
Ensayos de reforestación por siembra directa con algarrobilla (Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos) en la zona de Vallenar
Authors: Wrann H Johannes , Barros Ramírez Daniel
Published: July 2021

Algarrobilla (Balsamocarpon brevifolium CLOS) es un arbusto nativo de la zona árida (Atacama y Coquimbo) de Chile. Dado su atractivo como productora de leña y frutos con un alto contenido de taninos, la especie ha sido sobreexplotada. Basado en una experiencia previa de InFor, que también se analiza en este artículo, se instaló un ensayo de siembra directa en la zona costera de la Provincia de Huasco (28º 36'' Lat. S.) en el invierno de 1986 (Junio). El lugar tiene características severas de aridez, llegando su precipitación anual hasta 100 mm. Los suelos son delgados y de desarrollo incipiente.
Plantaciones experimentales de interés tánico en zona semiárida de Chile
Authors: Wrann H. Johannes , Arriagada B. Manuel
Published: July 2021

En la zona interior árida a semiárida del país (31º 30'' - 32º 30' Lat. S.) con una precipitación anual de 215 a 360 mm, se establecieron en el invierno de 1985, dos ensayos con cinco especies forestales productoras de taninos: Acacia mearnsii; A. pycnantham, Caesalpinia spinosa, Eucalyptus astringens y E. sideroxylon. El diseño fue de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones, con una unidad experimental (parcela) de 25 plantas y espaciamiento de 3 m x 3 m. Cada especie se probó con dos tratamientos: con y sin fertilizante inicial (NPK) en un método de plantación en casillas.
Caracterización y necesidades de la industria chilena de paneles de madera
Authors: Vidaurre Echeverría Sergio Francisco
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se describen problemas y necesidades y se entregan sugerencias ligadas tanto con los productos como con los procesos de producción de las industrias de paneles de madera, abarcando desde la materia prima hasta el producto final. Además este trabajo intenta orientar en parte la investigación en este campo, y en general, discute temas que se consideran relevantes para ir mejorando el desarrollo de la industria en Chile.
Renovales de raulí, roble, coigue y tepa: expectativas de rendimiento
Authors: Grosse Werner Hans
Published: July 2021

En la precordillera andina de la Región de Los Lagos (39º 45' Lat. Sur sector Neltume) se realizaron estudios para establecer el rendimiento de renovales de raulí, roble, coigüe y tepa. Con la información recopilada y procesada a través de análisis de tallo fue posible obtener cifras que orientan sobre el crecimiento diametral de las especies en estudio en función de sus variables de estado, de los árboles competidores más directos y del espacio disponible para su desarrollo. Para distintas situaciones de renoval tipo de la zona, se entregan a modo de ejemplo esquemas de intervención silvícola y la proyección del renoval en el tiempo.
Selección de procedencias de pino oregon (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb. Franco) en la zona sur de Chile
Authors: Aguirre A. Juan Jose , Wrann H. Johannes
Published: July 2021

Se evalúan los resultados de tres ensayos de procedencias de Pino Oregón (Pseudotsuga menziesii (MIRB.) Franco) establecidos en las Regiones del Biobío y de Los Lagos. A la edad de 15 años se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los volúmenes de las diferentes procedencias ensayadas. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en los dos ensayos establecidos en la zona costera del Biobío y Los Lagos. Las procedencias de la zona Noroeste de Estados Unidos, especialmente las del estado de Washington son las que presenta los mejores crecimientos.
Incidencia de la edad del árbol sobre las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del pino radiata (Pinus radiata D. Don)
Authors: Pérez Galaz Vicente A.
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo establece la influencia de la edad sobre las propiedades mecánicas del Pino radiata mediante el ensayo de probetas libres de defectos, extraídas de árboles de 25 y 35 años. Al comparar los resultados para las dos poblaciones utilizando métodos normalizados, se demuestra que la resistencia de los árboles de mayor edad es superior a la delos árboles jóvenes obteniéndose, en promedio, un incremento igual a 20% para las diferentes propiedades mecánicas determinadas en estado verde y de un 11% para aquellas determinadas en estado seco al aire (H=12%)