bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Euro Area Product Market Integration
Authors: Krištić Irena Raguž , Dumančić Lucija Rogić
Published: December 2022

The goal of this paper is to determine if there is product market integration in the euro area (EA). The paper employs LM and RALS-LM unit root tests with two breaks on the relative price series, constructed using the seasonally adjusted monthly Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), from 1996:01 to 2017:05. The analysis shows EA-accession related breaks in price series for most of the EA11 countries, but, apart from Malta, no such breaks for the later-EA-joiners. However, there are breaks in both EA and non-EA countries at the time of EA formation. There is also evidence of greater product market integration and less adverse effects after negative shocks in the EA12. However, unit root analysis points to a conclusion that EA membership is not a sufficient condition for product market integration and integration is not necessarily related to being an EA member.
Profile and Financial Behaviour of Crypto Adopters – Evidence from Macedonian Population Survey
Authors: Levkov Nikola , Bogoevska-Gavrilova Irena , Trajkovska Milica
Published: December 2022

Regulators and policymakers in many developing countries are facing challenges on how to create opportunities for the crypto industry to grow, but at the same time protect investors and consumers. This study aims to better understand the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of crypto adopters and their financial behavior. Our study advances the knowledge within an array of recent contributions to the token economy and covers the geographical and contextual research gaps through survey data from a developing country in South Eastern Europe. We use descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis and we find that Macedonian crypto-adopters are more men of younger age, employed, with higher education and living in their own apartments in an urban area, and are mainly passive investors. We compare the findings with studies from other countries to provide valuable insights for policymakers and regulators.
Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Service Sector in Lithuania
Authors: Seržantė Milena , Pakalka Algimantas
Published: December 2022

Research purpose. This study aims to assess the impact of selected economic indicators (independent variables) on the turnover of food and beverage service companies in Lithuania.

Design / Methodology / Approach. In order to achieve the intended goal of the study, an analysis of scientific articles was performed, with the primary aim of finding out the consequences of the COVID - 19 pandemic on the Lithuanian economy and selecting five independent variables that could affect the turnover of food and beverage companies. After analysing the literature, five independent variables were highlighted: the number of tourists accommodated, the statistics of Vilnius Airport flights, the number of employees hired, the unemployment rate and inflation.

Findings. The correlation and regression analysis results show that the turnover of catering and beverage enterprises and the number of accommodated tourists are strongly correlated (r---gt--- 0.90). Meanwhile, the linear correlation between the number of Vilnius Airport flights and the number of hired employees with the research variable is average (0.60 ---lt---r ---lt---0.70). However, the linear correlation of macroeconomic factors such as unemployment and inflation with the turnover of food and beverage enterprises is statistically insignificant.

Originality / Value / Practical implications. The originality of this article is that it studies the valuable topic of the COVID-19 crisis in service sectors, which substantially impacted Lithuania’s economy and adversely affected the economic performance of the region in general. The results of this research will contribute to future monitoring and crisis planning in particular sectors.
Measuring the Impact of Human Resource Development on Poverty Incidence in Nigeria: A Bound Testing Approach
Authors: Abdulrahman Idris Abdulganiyu
Published: December 2022

Research purpose: Eradicating poverty in the world requires some strategies, such as the poor having adequate access to productive assets and increasing their returns on assets, having adequate access to education and health facilities, increasing their access to job prospects, at the same time complementing these resources with other incomes. Hence, the goal of this study is to examine the link between human resources development and poverty in Nigeria, using annual secondary data from the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 1990 to 2020.

Design/methodology/approach: The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Technique was explicitly employed to arrive at the statistical and logical conclusions in determining the impact of human resource development in the face of poverty. In addition, the bound testing approach was used to measure Nigeria’s long-run relationship between human resource development and poverty.

Findings: The study revealed that human resource development has a statistically insignificant but non-decreasing impact/effect on poverty incidence in Nigeria, based on the short-run ARDL assessment. Furthermore, the bound testing approach also indicates that there is indeed a long-run relationship between human resource development and poverty incidence in Nigeria. The study, therefore, concludes that poverty is inescapable and, hence, creates underdevelopment. The study advises governments at all levels to develop and implement policies and programs aimed at improving or enhancing the welfare and well-being of the masses through job creation in order to close the income gap between the affluent and the deprived.

Originality/value/practical implications: Fighting poverty in Nigeria has been one of the major priorities of most governments in Nigeria. These can be observed from the nationwide planning policies that have been focused on adequate provision of access to both human and natural resources. There has been an enormous call for the massive upgrading of the productive capacity of the people through investment in human resources. This paper is one of the several articles employed to evaluate the impact of human resource development on the incidence of poverty in Nigeria.
Corrosion process assessment using a novel type of coupon installation
Authors: Musik Daniel , Wójcik Krzysztof , Sekuła-Wybańska Małgorzata , Rakoczy Rafał
Published: December 2022

The main aim of this experimental study is to test the novel type of coupon installation. This set-up was used to carry out the corrosion process under aggressive conditions. Moreover, the effect of corrosion inhibitors on the scale-forming tendency was evaluated. The corrosive conditions were defined by using the Langelier Saturation Index (this index is an approximate indicator of the degree of saturation of CaCO3 in water) and the Ryznar stability index (this index is allowed to determine if the liquid sample is aggressive or not). Additionally, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy analysis was used to obtain the iron and calcium ions concentrations in the liquid samples from the tested coupon installation. The corrosion process for the established conditions was also described using the corrosion rate of the tested coupons. The obtained investigation contributes significantly by developing the novel coupon installation and demonstrating the procedure for testing the corrosion process with the application of coupons. This setup and method might be successfully applied for accelerated laboratory tests.
Supsim: a Python package and a web-based JavaScript tool to address the theoretical complexities in two-predictor suppression situations
Authors: Nazifi Morteza , Fadishei Hamid
Published: December 2022

Two-predictor suppression situations continue to produce uninterpretable conditions in linear regression. In an attempt to address the theoretical complexities related to suppression situations, the current study introduces two different versions of a software called suppression simulator (Supsim): a) the command-line Python package, and b) the web-based JavaScript tool, both of which are able to simulate numerous random two-predictor models (RTMs). RTMs are randomly generated, normally distributed data vectors x1
, x2
, and y simulated in such a way that regressing y on both x1
and x2
results in the occurrence of numerous suppression and non-suppression situations. The web-based Supsim requires no coding skills and additionally, it provides users with 3D scatterplots of the simulated RTMs. This study shows that comparing 3D scatterplots of different suppression and non-suppression situations provides important new insights into the underlying mechanisms of two-predictor suppression situations. An important focus is on the comparison of 3D scatterplots of certain enhancement situations called Hamilton’s extreme example with those of redundancy situations. Such a comparison suggests that the basic mathematical concepts of two-predictor suppression situations need to be reconsidered with regard to the important issue of the statistical control function.
k-th record estimator of the scale parameter of the α-stable distribution
Authors: Stachura Michał , Wodecka Barbara
Published: December 2022

Various techniques of scale parameter estimation have been proposed in the case of alpha stable distributions. In the paper, the authors present an estimation technique that involves the k-th record theory. Although this theory is over 40 years old, its implementation in the classical extreme value theory – being the other cornerstone of the presented approach – is quite new, and tempting. Several theoretical properties of the introduced scale parameter estimators are presented. With the use of Monte Carlo methods, a comparative analysis is performed between the approach based on k-th records and approaches based on Hill’s and Pickands’ estimators. Additionally, the paper uses a real-life data set to illustrate how to effectively apply the k-th record estimator of the scale parameter. The research indicates several advantages of the k-th record approach over its other counterparts, especially when dealing with incomplete information about the underlying sample.
Glossing an argument: Reformulation and exemplification in L2 Master’s theses
Authors: Guziurová Tereza
Published: December 2022

Following a large body of research on metadiscourse in academic writing, this paper explores one feature of textual metadiscourse, code glosses, in English L2 academic texts written by Czech university students. The study draws on Hyland’s metadiscourse model (2005), which characterizes code glosses as devices that elaborate propositional meanings by rephrasing or explaining what has been said. Thus, they can help readers understand the writer’s intended meaning or contribute to the formation of persuasive arguments. The corpus consists of 48 English L2 Master’s theses representing three disciplines – linguistics, literature and English language teaching (ELT) methodology, totalling almost 950,000 words. The results are compared with professional writing represented by English L1 research articles from the same disciplines. The findings reveal differences in the frequency and functions of several code glosses, as novice writers are shown to overuse certain devices. The findings also indicate cross-disciplinary variation, as reformulation and exemplification proved to be much more prominent in linguistics and methodology than in literary studies.
Studying the vocabulary of reggaeton song lyrics
Authors: Vaňková Pavlína
Published: December 2022

This paper studies the lyrics of reggaeton songs. Reggaeton is a popular genre nowadays, especially among young people. Its songs contain a very rich and sometimes surprising vocabulary. That was the reason for choosing this topic: to understand this genre of songs and their lyrics. Thus the purpose of this paper is to discover the meaning of the words used in the songs of this genre, to clarify the main vocabulary characteristics and to point out to the differences between the Spanish spoken in Latin America and Spain. In the analysis, specialized dictionaries were used to reveal the meaning of particular expressions. Attention was paid to expressions which are different from European Spanish as well as to English borrowings (anglicisms). Fifteen reggaeton songs from three countries (Puerto Rico, Cuba and Colombia) were chosen. Our findings showed that in each group (Puerto Rican, Cuban and Colombian), words typical of each of these countries were used in the songs. Anglicisms were also present, although to a different extent in each group.
korupsi infrastruktur jalan Korupsi, Kualitas Infrastruktur Jalan dan Ketimpangan Pendapatan
Authors: Wijayanti Shinta , Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik
Published: December 2022

Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan dari kasus korupsi yang terjadi pada infrastruktur jalan terhadap kualitas infrastruktur jalan serta hubungannya terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data riil kasus korupsi infrastruktur jalan yang telah inkrah di pengadilan dan model estimasi panel data fixed-effect dengan standard error yang di-cluster berdasarkan wilayah pulau di Indonesia, hasil studi menunjukkan adanya korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara kasus korupsi infrastruktur jalan dengan kualitas infrastruktur jalan. Studi ini juga menemukan adanya korelasi positif yang signifikan antara kasus korupsi infrastruktur jalan dengan ketimpangan pendapatan yang dimoderasi dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin banyak kasus korupsi yang terjadi di suatu wilayah, akan semakin menurunkan kualitas infrastruktur jalan dan meningkatkan ketimpangan pendapatan yang diukur melalui indeks gini (gini ratio).
PRICE TRANSMISSION IN THE INDONESIAN RED CHILI MARKET STATIC AND DYNAMIC MODELS
Authors: Sitepu Rasidin Karo Karo
Published: December 2022

The problem that often arises in agricultural commodities is the transmission of price changes at the consumer level and at the producer level. This study aims to empirically test the transmission of red chili prices using static and dynamic models. The data used is a weekly series from January 1, 2017, to November 21, 2020. The results show that the red chili price transmission is symmetrical, where price transmission between consumers - producers is perfect. The increase and decrease in the retail price of red chili will be followed by an increase and decrease in the producer price of red chili. The red chili market is a competitive market, so government intervention is not needed to control prices, but must always be monitored to maintain a perfect market mechanism. Preparation of the food balance, projections of production and demand for red chili, improvement of distribution channel infrastructure and price information systems are strategies to anticipate price fluctuations and failure of market mechanisms.
Global and Country-Specific Geopolitical Risks and Exchange Rate Volatility: New Empirical Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Khaliq Abdul
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the conditional predictability of geopolitical risks (GPR) on the rupiah-dollar exchange rate volatility, using 447 monthly observations spanning January 1985 to March 2022. The paper utilizes asymmetric GARCH (1,1) combined with various asymmetric GARCH models, including the integrated GARCH (I-GARCH), the exponential GARCH (E-GARCH), and the threshold GARCH (T-GARCH), and the power asymmetric GARCH (A-PARCH). This study finds convincing evidence that GPRI has a consistent effect on exchange rate volatility, either symmetric GARCH models or asymmetric GARCH models. Interestingly, the global geopolitical risks (GPR) heterogeneously affect the exchange rate volatility of Indonesia. These empirical findings imply that the rupiah-dollar exchange rate volatility is more vulnerable to domestic GPRI than global GPR.
Территория распространения монет чекана Мохши
Authors: Голубев Олег Васильевич
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена обобщению материалов, связанных с изучением территории распространения монет чекана улуса Мохши Золотой Орды. Местом чекана являлся город Мохши (ныне село Наровчат – районный центр в Пензенской области). Монеты Мохши полностью распространялись на территории современной Пензенской области, частично охватывали Республику Мордовия и Рязанскую область, а также почти полностью Саратовскую область. Монеты по торговым путям попадали в столицу Золотой Орды – Сарай-Бату (Селитренное городище). В других регионах Поволжья и Предкавказья эти монеты встречались редко. Чекан монет Мохши начался в XIV в. (первая датированная монета относится к 709 г. по х.) и продолжался, вероятно, до конца 60-х гг. XIV в.
Участок мусульманского кладбища XIV в. на южной окраине Болгарского городища (раскоп CLXXVIII)
Authors: Волков Игорь Викторович , Лопан Оксана Витальевна
Published: December 2022

В статье отражены результаты полевых исследований, проведенных в 2012 г. на южной окраине Болгарского городища (раскоп CLXXVIII). Здесь были выявлены погребения золотоордынского времени, совершенные по мусульманскому обряду. Найденная в одном из захоронений монета «двуглавый орел» показывает, что кладбище функционировало, по крайней мере, с 40-х гг. XIV в., поскольку пулы с двуглавым орлом имеют очень короткий период обращения и практически не выходят за рамки 1340-х гг. Участок изначально использовался под некрополь – никаких следов хозяйственной деятельности здесь не выявлено, а единичные находки происходят из слоя позднейшей распашки. Между могилами прослежено компактное скопление костей МРС – можно предполагать, что этот комплекс связан с разовыми поминками.
История изучения примокшанской группы мордовских могильников золотоордынского времени
Authors: Ставицкий Владимир Вячеславович
Published: December 2022

Территория Примокшанья относится к ареалу формирования мордвы-мокши. Первые исследования мордовских могильников золотоордынского времени были проведены А.А. Спицыным в 1892 г. у сел Ефаево, Пичпанда, в имении «Казбек». В советское время наиболее активное участие в исследованиях могильников Примокшанья принимала А.Е. Алихова. Она разработала периодизацию и хронологию мордовских памятников золотоордынского времени. Проанализировав изменения в развитии накосников-пулокерей, сюльгам, браслетов и перстней, она выделила два этапа: 1) вторая половина XIII в., 2) XIV в. В послевоенные годы исследования проводились А.В. Циркиным, М.Р. Полесских, П.Д. Степановым, Р.Д. Ворониной. Ими был выявлен и изучен ряд новых памятников, уточнены границы расселения мордвы-мокши, определены этнокультурные особенности, культурные и торговые связи. В 1970-е гг. полевые изыскания практически не велись. В конце 1980-х и в 1990-е гг. И.М. Петербургским и В.И. Вихляевым были проведены масштабные раскопки Стародевиченского, Кельгининского и Мордовско-Паркинского могильников, но погребений золотоордынского времени на них было выявлено немного. Среди последних исследований следует отметить раскопки С.А. Андреева на Бокинском могильнике, которые расширили юго-западную территорию расселения мордвы. К сожалению, большая часть материалов исследований первой половины ХХ в. не была опубликована, и значительная часть информация оказалась утрачена.
Кремневый инвентарь местонахождения Айникаб 5 на Северо-Восточном Кавказе
Authors: Таймазов Артур Исрапилович
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена характеристике кремневого инвентаря из местонахождения раннего палеолита Айникаб 5. Находки были сделаны на поверхности 100-метровой террасы р. Усиша. Согласно палеогеографическим реконструкциям, формирование данной террасы относится ко времени миндель-рисского межледниковья, что соответствует раннехазарскому отрезку каспийской стратиграфической схемы. Коллекция кремневых изделий включает единичные одноплощадочные нуклеусы, орудия на отщепах и обломках кремневого сырья, дебитаж. Изделия со вторичной обработкой включают обломок рубила, различные типы скребел, орудия с ретушированной выемкой, унифас, двусторонний мелкий чоппер, отщеп с ретушью. В культурно-хронологическом отношении археологические материалы из местонахождения Айникаб 5 соответствуют позднему ашелю.
Античные монеты из собрания музея в Тартусе (Сирия)
Authors: Гончаров Евгений Юрьевич , Лебединский Виктор Викторович
Published: December 2022

В 2022 году были продолжены исследования международной сирийско-российской археологической экспедиции, которые проходят в акватории провинции Тартус Сирийской Арабской Республики. Исследования проводятся специалистами Севастопольского государственного университета и Института востоковедения Российской академии наук и сирийскими учеными из Департамента древностей и музеев провинции Тартус. Исследования проводятся на основании договора об учреждении совместной сирийско-российской миссии для проведения исследовательских подводных работ в акватории г. Тартус от 08.10.2019 №13/2019. Нумизматическая коллекция Национального музея в Тартусе в настоящее время насчитывает всего 34 медные монеты. Большая часть собрания была перевезена в другое хранилище с началом войны на территории САР. Авторам удалось определить 20 экземпляров. Самые ранние монеты относятся к IV в. до н.э., отчеканены при Александре III Македонском (336–323 до н.э.), поздние – к началу VII в., Византийской империи. Из монетных дворов наиболее представлены эмиссии г. Арад (совр. Арвад), также есть Карне и монеты селевкидских правителей Сирии. Для большинства римских монет установить места их выпуска оказалось невозможно из-за состояния монет.
Наскальные изображения Сетерлю-1 (Центральный Алтай)
Authors: Урбушев Айдын Урматович
Published: December 2022

В работе представлены новые данные по наскальному искусству раннего Средневековья, зафиксированные на памятнике Сетерлю-1 в Горном Алтае. О расположении неизвестных ранее науке петроглифов сообщил местный житель Б.М. Киндиков. Обнаруженные гравировки представлены сценой охоты, изображениями всадников со знаменами. Последние, встречающиеся нечасто, дают возможность очертить ареалы использования определенных типов знамен на территории раннесредневековых тюркских государств и выявить локальные зоны их концентрации. На Сетерлю-1 также зафиксирована крайне редкая для изобразительной традиции древних тюрков обрядовая сцена. Привлекая данные различных письменных источников, предполагается, что в этой сцене показан обряд поклонения или прошения. На основе стилистического анализа определено, что отдельные группы изображений нанесены разными художниками, вероятно, даже, в различные хронологические периоды в рамках раннего Средневековья.
Железный ключ с городища Искер. К вопросу о новом типе средневековых съемных замков
Authors: Адамов Александр Александрович
Published: December 2022

При археологических исследованиях на городище Искер – столице Сибирского ханства, был обнаружен железный ключ с раздвоенными концами для сжимания пружинных узлов. Аналогичные ключи известны из материалов г. Твери, г. Пскова, Рождественского городища и Крыма. Съемный замок к таким ключам с двумя продольными ключевыми щелями был обнаружен при исследованиях г. Пскова. Датировка подобных устройств – XV–XVI вв. В существующие классификации замки с такими признаками не включены. Рассмотренные ключи и замок к ним, по особенностям замочной скважины и конструкции ключей, можно выделить в отдельный тип «И», основываясь на принципах построения классификации Б.А. Колчина. Подобные замки использовались жителями русских средневековых городов, населением Предуралья, Сибирского и Крамского ханств.
Мусульмане хазарского времени на Северском Донце: археологические свидетельства и вопросы их интерпретации
Authors: Кравченко Эдуард Евгеньевич
Published: December 2022

На территории распространения салтово-маяцкой культуры известно пять мусульманских могильников. Они находятся в среднем течении р. Северский Донец. Некрополи изучены неравномерно. Только на двух из них (археологические комплексы у сел Маяки и Сидорово Славянского р-на) исследовались могильники и прилегающие к ним поселения. Анализ их материалов позволяют сделать ряд выводов. Группы мусульман среднеазиатского происхождения попали на территорию Донецкого региона в середине IX века, в период сооружения крепостей на западных границах Хазарского каганата. На укрепленные поселения переселялись и другие этнические группы, в том числе, недавно осевшие кочевники (протоболгары?). Одним из центров размещения мусульман был Сидоровский комплекс, на котором находился крупный контингент, состоящий из пеших воинов. Связать данных мусульман с выходцами из Хорезма, известными в восточных источниках под именем «ал-арсиййа», пока нет возможности в связи с малым количеством данных об этой группе населения хазарских городов. Данное предположение пока может рассматриваться в качестве рабочей версии.
Основные итоги археологического изучения Наровчатского городища (г. Мохши) и его окрестностей
Authors: Белорыбкин Геннадий Николаевич , Зеленеев Юрий Анатольевич , Ситдиков Айрат Габитович
Published: December 2022

Изучение территории Наровчатского городища (г. Мохши) (с. Наровчат Пензенской области) продолжается уже более 130 лет, но до сих пор полноценной картины о том, что представляет собой средневековый город нет. Изучением Наровчатского городища занимались помимо авторов статьи такие известные ученые, как А.А. Кротков, А.Е. Алихова, М.Р. Полесских, В.И. Лебедев, Э.Д. Зиливинская. Большое внимание изучению памятника уделяли и краеведы. Среди них можно выделить В.М. Терехина, И.Ф. Садина, О.В. Голубева, А.Г. Сохрякова, каждый из которых внес свой вклад в изучение отдельных аспектов г. Мохши. В настоящее время результаты исследований выставлены в музеях с. Наровчат и г. Саратов, опубликованы как в отдельных статьях, так и в нескольких монографиях. Планируется музеефикация архитектурных сооружений.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL EXPERIENCE BERBASIS BUDAYA ANGKOLA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MAHASISWA DI ABAD 21
Authors: Azizan Nashran , Surya Edy , Johannes Johannes , Lubis Maulana Arafat
Published: December 2022

Education in Indonesia must be transformed based on the 21st century era, which resulted in religious, character, intelligent students, and based on the Law on the National Education System in 2003, and Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 57 of 2021 concerning National Education Standards. This study aimed to develop a learning model of Angkola Batak culture-based Experience, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, through teaching practices in micro-teaching courses. This research used the Research and Development research method by applying the Plomp development model. Random sampling used as a sampling technique consisted of 90 students from the Teacher Education of Islamic Elementary School, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Padangsidimpuan in the sixth semester. Data collected used observation and questionnaires assisted by google form. Data analysis used STATCAL software. The results showed discrepancies were found between the program and expectations as well as reality, while students had not fully understood designing lesson plans based on the applicable curriculum, synchronized the design of lesson plans and the practice, and students were not allowed to teach in schools in order to be able to practice theory and practical teaching applications. At the same time, the program study vision is to prepare Islamic Elementary School teachers with Islamic, innovative, competitive, and professional personalities associated with South Tapanuli culture, like the Angkola Batak. So, it is necessary to develop programs to improve students' skills in applying the learning in the 21st century.
Analisis Keberlanjutan Usahatani Sawah Bukaan Baru di Kabupaten Bangka
Authors: Feriadi  , Sadono Dwi , Purnaningsih Ninuk
Published: December 2022

New rice fields are one of the solutions to increase food availability in Bangka Regency. This study aims to analyze the effect of individual characteristics, characteristics of innovation, external support, and motivation on the sustainability of new open rice farming. This research was conducted by in-depth interviews with 121 respondents of newly opened rice fields in Kemuja and Balunijuk villages in March – June 2022. The number of research samples was determined by the simple cluster sampling method. The research instrument used was a questionnaire with direct interviews with respondent farmers. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS)-SEM analysis. The results showed that the sustainability of farming in farming profits was in a low category, while the aspects of production and marketing were in the medium category. Base on result of the SmartPLS-SEM test, it is known that the sustainability of farming in newly opened rice fields is influenced by external support, innovation characteristics and motivation factors.
A Review of Nader Khalili Shelter Design Thoughts from the Sustainability
Authors: Karimi Hirou , Adibhesami Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Contemporary architecture exists in Nader Khalili’s creative designs, including house designs in the USA and Iran, combined with the traditional architecture of Iran. His designs are founded on four characteristics, first is the inspiration from nature, and the other three focuses on low-cost, self-help, and eco-friendliness. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate his architectural thinking and the design process that leads to a rapid and sustainable shelter. In addition, this shelter can be built-in critical conditions or can be long-lasting in any crucial situation. The methodology used in this study is analytical based on qualitative and quantitative approach. The method, which is used to collect the data, is based on literature review and observation. The study concludes that Khalili’s designs are reasonable at low prices and quickly built and sustainable.
The Impact of Job Training on Employee’s Satisfaction: A Study in Public Institutions in Western Uganda
Authors: Tashobya Crispus , Nimusima Pereez , Mugabe Robert , Begumisa Bernard
Published: December 2022

This study examined the relationship between on-job and off-job training on employee job satisfaction at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) in Western Uganda. To be able to realise the study objectives, a cross-sectional survey design, quantitative in nature was adopted. The targeted population comprised the employees of MUST where a sample of 230 respondents was chosen guided by Krejcie and Morgan sample determination table. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires through telephone interview in order to adhere to Corona Virus pandemic guidelines related to social distancing. Simple random sampling technique was adopted during sample selection. Data collected was analysed using the analysis function of the Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS version 20). The study findings indicate a moderate positive and significant relationship between on-job training/off-job training and job satisfaction. On-job training predicted job satisfaction to the tune of 14% compared to 9% variation in job satisfaction caused by off-job training. On the basis of observation that the case institution does not organize trainings for supervisors on how to conduct appraisals, the study recommends that human resource (HR) practitioners and policy makers inculcate trainings for supervisors on how to conduct performance appraisals in order to equip supervisors with sufficient performance appraisal skills to be able to appropriately identify employee training needs. Future research may carry out a long tudinal study to test how on-job and off-job training predict job satisfaction in a private higher learning institution setting in another country.
The Impact of Servant Leadership on Positive Affectivity: Mediating by Career Adaptability
Authors: Faeq Dalia , Ali Bayad
Published: December 2022

Career adaptability (CA) in terms of concern, control, curiosity, and confidence exhibited like a mediator between servant leadership and positive affectivity and is the main focus of the present study's conceptual model. In Sulaymaniyah city in Kurdistan Region of Iraq, hotel workers collected information. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the collected data from five-star hotel workers at Sulaymaniyah. The constructs are meaningful and dependable via exploratory factor analysis with reliability testing. Factor analysis demonstrates high convergent and discriminative validity of the results. A complete mediator linking servant leadership and good effectiveness were found to be the CA. In hotel business, embracing a servant leadership approach may enhance personal resources and improve career adaptability.
Combining Algorithmic Information Dynamics Concepts and Machine Learning for Electroencephalography Analysis: What Can We Get?
Authors:   Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care N. Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iapascurta Victor
Published: December 2022

Electroencephalography (EEG) as an example of electrophysiological monitoring methods has a rather long history of successful application for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and this success would not have been possible without effective methods of mathematical, and more recently, computer analysis. Most of these methods are based on statistics. Among the methods of EEG analysis, there is a group of methods that use different versions of Shannon’s entropy estimation as a “main component” and that do not differ significantly from traditional statistical approaches. Despite the external similarity, another approach is to use the Kolmogorov–Chaitin definition of complexity and the concepts of algorithmic information dynamics. The algorithmic dynamics toolbox includes techniques (e.g., block decomposition method) that appear to be applicable to EEG analysis. The current paper is an attempt to use the block decomposition method along with the recent addition to the management of EEG data provided by machine learning, with the ultimate goal of making this data more useful to researchers and medical practitioners.
Demonstrating the Impact of Brainstorming Technique on EFL Students and its Consequences for Improving the Creativity of Solving- Problems During Times of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Badie Muthana Mohammed
Published: December 2022

This study aims at studying the impact of utilizing brainstorm technique in improving creative problem-solving abilities among EFL students through the approved E-Learning as a means of distance learning under the current circumstances of Coronavirus pandemic and its effect on the subject. The sample of the study contains (96) students from College of Education for Women, Tikrit University. The sample is divided into two groups. Firstly, the experimental group which consists of (46) students who are taught by means of brainstorming technique in the course of improving thinking abilities during in the academic year 2019/2020. Secondly, the control group consists of (50) students. The research devices used in this study includ a program of brainstorming technique and Torrance creative thinking test. The results reveal statistical significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) between the experimental group and the control group in the total score and the sub scores of the creative thinking for the experimental group. This result indicates the impact of brainstorming technique for improving creative thinking abilities. The researcher recommends applying this technique to universities as well as performing more studies regarding its impact on different samples and under other conditions.
فاعلية برنامج تربوي مستند إلى استراتيجيات التفكير المتشعب لتنمية بعض عادات العقل
Authors: Al- Obaidi Sabah Murshoud , Amin Karim al-Ani Amina Mohammed
Published: December 2022

استهدف البحث الحالي لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية (ذكور) في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي في مستوى عادات العقل . لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في متوسط درجات المجموعة الضابطة (ذكور) في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي في مستوى عادات العقل . لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية (اناث) في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي في مستوى عادات العقل . لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في متوسط درجات المجموعة الضابطة (اناث) في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي في مستوى عادات العقل . لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية (ذكور) ومتوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية (اناث) في الاختبار البعدي في مستوى عادات العقل .     وبناء على ذلك تم بناء مقياس لبعض عادات العقل اعد الباحثان برنامجاً تربوياً. أظهرت النتائج تفوق المجموعتين التجريبية الذكور والاناث وتوصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات
The Validity of the Quaternary Deposits as a Filling Materials in Embankment Dames in Al-Shirqat City / Northern Iraq
Authors: Loai Moussa Rawee
Published: December 2022

The research aims to show the validity of the quaternary sediments in the north of Al-Shirqat district as filling materials for dams. Samples were collected from (4) stations representing these sediments in the region. Geotechnical examinations showed that the sediments of this region are clay of low plasticity (CL) and alluvial (ML) having the values ​​of specific weight ranged between (2.65-2.71). Chemical analyzes showed that the gypsum ranges between (1.35-8.08) %, and the percentage of total soluble salts ranged between (3.61-11.52) %, while the pH values ​​were between (8.00-8.11). When comparing the results of geotechnical tests with the physical and chemical specifications of the filling soils according to the specifications of materials and construction works for the National Center for Construction Laboratories and Research, 2003, it shows that all the geotechnical properties of the second station were identical, as well as matching the volumetric gradient, liquidity limit and plasticity factor of stations (4,3,1), except for ratios of total dissolved salts and gypsum content which were out of the limits of the specifications for stations (4,3,1).
A Deep Learning based Optimization Model for Based Computer Interface of Wheelchair Directional Control
Authors: Zaid Raad Saber Zubair
Published: December 2022

An efficient recognition model is highly recommended while trying to analyze brain signal pattern for Motor Imagery (MI) signal. Therefore, this study aims to develop an optimized model based on a deep learning approach using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) in order to help a large community of disability people by allowing them to control the wheelchair using their MI Brain signal. In this paper, dataset is used which is belong to BCI Competition dataset IV/2b and consists of two parts, each of them contains on 160 trails for a single subject. To preprocess the brain signal, Butterworth band pass filter used to remove unwanted signal (Alpha and Beta) and remain on the brain signal, then followed by feature extraction technique using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). After that, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier based training parameters utilized to optimize the performance of the proposed system through using grid search optimization to improve performance of distinguishing between the two directional wheelchair commands. Cross-validations with ten groups were adopted to boost the modeling accuracy with dataset of all subjects (1440 trials) and the single subjects (160 trails). The results of this study showed that the efficiency of the optimized MLP model increased by 3% over the large dataset compared to the non-optimized model. It can be concluded that the optimized model can be deployed in a MI based BCI wheelchair control system to help the disability people in their daily activities.
A Pixel Based Method for Image Compression
Authors: Abdullah A. Hussain  , Ghadah K. AL-Khafaji
Published: December 2022

The basic solution to overcome difficult issues related to huge size of digital images is to recruited image compression techniques to reduce images size for efficient storage and fast transmission. In this paper, a new scheme of pixel base technique is proposed for grayscale image compression that implicitly utilize hybrid techniques of spatial modelling base technique of minimum residual along with transformed technique of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) that also impels mixed between lossless and lossy techniques to ensure highly performance in terms of compression ratio and quality. The proposed technique has been applied on a set of standard test images and the results obtained are significantly encourage compared with Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG).
Analysis of genetic diversity of E.coli bacteria isolates from UTI after exposure to some biological effects by using RAPD technique
Authors: Fatima Mustafa Al-najar  , Qanat Mahmood Atiyea  , Adnan F. AL-Azzawie
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective: Escherichia coli  bacteria are one of the most important bacterial races causing urinary tract infection, which is responsible for 90% of the causes of urinary tract infection and originated in the human intestine, this is Gram- Negative bacteria and facultative aerobic that moves by peripheral flagella and belongs to the bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae.
Materials and methods: The bacteria were isolated from UTI, after they were diagnosed using light microscope and conducting biochemical tests, then exposed to the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, and alcoholic extract of Punica granatum and Trigonella foenum graicum. genomic DNA was extracted for all samples and Random amplified polymorphic DNA - Polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) marker was carried out using five random primers.  
Results: The results of RAPD-PCR profiles shown that exposed to antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim) and alcoholic extracts (Punica granatum and Trigonella foenum graicum) lead to the disappearance or appearance new bands compared with non-exposed samples, and the highest rate of polymorphism for all each treatment and primers in sample 5 was 102.27% where the ratio % GTS for all treatment and primers is 6.04% in the same sample.
Conclusion: All treatments caused genetic changes in the DNA of E.coli bacteria cells especially the Punica granatum which gave the highest effect than the rest of the treatments, this indicates its efficiency in treating bacterial infections.
Green synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using the extract of Rheum ribes and evaluating their antifungal activity against some of Candida sp.
Authors: Mustafa Mahdi Auda  , Hajir Ali Shareef  , Bari Lateef Mohammed
Published: December 2022

The synthesis of nanoparticles by green method using plant extracts and its application in the biomedical consider a prosperous field of research. Therefore, in this paper, Rheum plant was used as a reducing agent in synthesis silver nanoparticles and testing its effectiveness as anti-fungal. Silver Nanoparticles have been characterized using different techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope. Where the result of the examination UV-Vis showed absorption peaks of silver nanoparticles which formatted at wavelength (425) and XRD test confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles clearly through compare peaks resulted with JCPDS card. It revealed the spectra of FTIR the existence of amine and aliphatic esters, that are involved in reducing and stabilizing AgNPs. Examination of TEM revealed that the silver nanoparticles were spherical shape and with an average size of 5-45 nm. Finally, the synthesized silver nanoparticles showed a good antifungal activity against some Candida sp. by observe inhibition zones that obtained.
Epidemiological Assessment of ovarian cancer in some northern Iraqi provinces
Authors: Nadia Youhana Ibrahim  , Samira Abdul-Hussain Abdulla
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the third most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide among gynecologic cancers.
Materials & Methods: The study was a retrospective, during one-year period, from (January 2013 to December 2013). A total of 106 cases of ovarian cancer were included and collected from Hospital and Private histopathology laboratories in Sulaimaniyah, Erbil and Kirkuk. Patient age was ranged between (5 months-80 years).Patients were distributed into many age groups. The mean age was 46 years. This study aimed to find out the cases of ovarian cancer in the above provinces, and to identify a number of factors associated with increased the incidence including age, marital status, socioeconomic status, family history of cancer.
Results: The results showed the highest age group ratio with ovarian cancer were within the age group (45 – 59) years old with percentage of 38 % which was the per menopause and postmenopausal age and hormonal disorders. According age groups the data showed significant differences under level of significance (p<0.05 ).Twenty-five patients (24%) have family history of malignant disease. The majority of the cases were married 86 cases (81%). 66 cases (77%) have history of pregnancy (have one or more children), and 20 cases were nulliparous. Most patients 58(55%) were of medium socio-economic status
Study of Prevalence of Thalassemia trait among couples undergoing premarital examination in Al-Hamdaniya
Authors: Dunia Zaid
Published: December 2022

Background and objectives:
Thalassemia is the most common single genetic disorder. Being a preventable disease, the “premarital screening program” was established.  The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of β-thalassemia trait among couples attending a center for premarital screening in Al-Hamdaniya district.
Material and methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Al-Hamdaniya district (located in the north of Iraq) during December 2019 through July 2020 that included 600 healthy couples screened for hemoglobinopathies. Complete blood count (CBC) and HB electrophoresis were done.
Results:
The prevalence of abnormal Hb F and Hb A2 was 4.8% and 5.8% respectively but the differences were not significant between males and females. No significant association was detected between the degree of consanguinity with the prevalence of Hb F and the prevalence of Hb A2. And there was no significant association between family history of haemolytic disease and the prevalence of Hb F and prevalence of Hb A2
Conclusion:
The prevalence of thalassemia trait in Al-Hamdaniya, like other cities in the north of Iraq is high, so premarital screening program is beneficial for identification and prevention of risky marriages.