bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective and rapid water transportation across a self-assembled peptide-diol channel via the formation of a dual water array
Authors: Mondal Debashis , Dandekar Bhupendra R. , Ahmad Manzoor , Mondal Abhishek , Mondal Jagannath , Talukdar Pinaki
Published: July 2022

A 1,2-diol-linked peptide forms a self-assembled channel in the lipid bilayer membrane. The channel allows rapid transport of water by excluding proton and salts.
All-in-one disulfide bridging enables the generation of antibody conjugates with modular cargo loading
Authors: Dannheim Friederike M. , Walsh Stephen J. , Orozco Carolina T. , Hansen Anders Højgaard , Bargh Jonathan D. , Jackson Sophie E. , Bond Nicholas J. , Parker Jeremy S. , Carroll Jason S. , Spring David R.
Published: July 2022

Tetra-divinylpyrimidine (TetraDVP) linkers offer a method for the generation of antibody conjugates with modular cargo loading and excellent stability via all-in-one disulfide bridging.
Crystal engineering of ferrocene-based charge-transfer complexes for NIR-II photothermal therapy and ferroptosis
Authors: Ge Wei , Liu Chao , Xu Yatao , Zhang Jiayao , Si Weili , Wang Wenjun , Ou Changjin , Dong Xiaochen
Published: July 2022

Based on crystal engineering of charge transfer complexes (CTCs), ferrocene-based CTCs, with Fenton-catalyzing, biothiol-responsive and NIR-II photothermal abilities, were controllably developed and the structure–property relationship was revealed.
Impact of fuel cells on hydrogen energy pathways in a sustainable energy economy
Authors: Love Jonathan G. , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Boulaire Fanny A. , Mackinnon Ian D. R.
Published: July 2022

Key performance characteristics of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEMFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) are compared with emphasis on the sustainability of energy pathways showing that hydrogen for use in PEMFC is best supplied from renewable hydrogen.
Godzilla, a monster lurks in the Sunburst galaxy
Authors: Diego J. M. , Pascale M. , Kavanagh B. J. , Kelly P. , Dai L. , Frye B. , Broadhurst T.
Published: July 2022

We model the strong lensing effect in the galaxy cluster PSZ1 G311.65-18.48 (z = 0.443) with an improved version of the hybrid method WSLAP+. We extend the number of constraints by including the position of critical points, which are combined with the classic positional constraints of the lensed galaxies. We pay special attention to a transient candidate source (Tr) previously discovered in the giant Sunburst arc (z = 2.37). Our lens model predicts Tr to be within a fraction of an arcsecond from the critical curve, which has a larger magnification factor than previously found, but still not large enough to explain the observed flux and lack of counterimages. Possible candidate counterimages are discussed that would lower the magnification required to explain Tr, but extreme magnification factors (μ > 600) are still required, even in that case. The presence of a small mass perturber with a mass comparable to a dwarf galaxy (M ∼ 108 M⊙) near the position of Tr is needed in order to explain the required magnification and morphology of the lensed galaxy. We discuss how the existence of this perturber could potentially be used to constrain models of dark matter. The large apparent brightness and unresolved nature of the magnified object implies a combination of extreme magnification and a very luminous and compact source (r < 0.4 pc). Possible candidates are discussed, including an hyperluminous star, a small group of stars, or an accretion disk around a relatively small supermassive black hole (SMBH). Based on spectral information and flux requirements, we argue that a luminous blue variable (LBV) star caught during an outburst is the most likely candidate. Owing to the extreme magnification and luminosity of this source, we dub it Godzilla.
Tolerance analysis of involute spur gear from the perspective of design
Authors: Chen Hua , Li Xin
Published: July 2022

The existing gears’ tolerance standards are formulated from the point of view of manufacturing and measurement. Tolerance categories are numerous. What is more, they have no correlation with each other. Tolerance analysis and optimization of gear and gear set are difficult. Module, pressure angle and center distance are the most important parameters for gears. Their variations directly affect the transmission precision of gears. Through careful research of the influence of deviations of module and pressure angle, a novel method of gear tolerance analysis is proposed in this paper from the perspective of design. For a single gear, tolerance specification and analysis only pay attention to these two tolerances. The influence of fluctuation of center distance for a gear set is also studied. Meanwhile, the calculation method of sensitivities and percent contributions about related parameters is introduced, which provides the basis for tolerance optimization. At last, a simple case is studied, which demonstrates the validity and novelty of the present work.
On behavioral response of ciliated cervical canal on the development of electroosmotic forces in spermatic fluid
Authors: Abdelsalam Sara I. , Zaher A.Z.
Published: July 2022

The goal of this research is to conduct a theoretical investigation about the effect of the electroosmotic forces on the swimming of sperms throughout the cervical canal. To imitate male semen with self-propulsive spermatozoa, a hyperbolic tangent fluid is used as the base liquid. Swimming sperms move inside a ciliated cervical canal and peristalsis occurs due to the ciliated walls. The perturbation method is used to solve the controlling partial differential set of equations analytically. Due to selfpropulsion of swimmers and long wavelength assumption, a creeping flow protocol is used throughout the stream. The stream pattern, velocity distribution, and pressure gradient (above and below the swimming sheet) solutions are produced and displayed with the relevant parameters. The outcomes of this manuscript show that the rheological parameters of hyperbolic tangent fluid are more appropriate to simulate and discuss the motility of cervical fluid. Moreover, the motility of mucus velocity is more applicable for small values of power law index n at the upper swimming sheet of propulsive spermatozoa. In addition, the mucus velocity increases in both region (upper and lower region of swimming sheet) with an increase of the electroosmotic parameter me and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity UHS. The present analysis provides a mathematical assessment to the swimmers’ interaction through the ciliated genital tract where the embryo is affected by the interaction of ciliary activity.
Optimal multiplicative control of bacterial quorum sensing under external enzyme impact
Authors: Maslovskaya Anna , Kuttler Christina , Chebotarev Alexander , Kovtanyuk Andrey
Published: July 2022

The use of external enzymes provides an alternative way of reducing communication in pathogenic bacteria that may lead to the degradation of their signal and the loss of their pathogeneity. The present study considers an optimal control problem for the semilinear reaction-diffusion model of bacterial quorum sensing under the impact of external enzymes. Estimates of the solution of the controlled system are obtained, on the basis of which the solvability of the extremal problem is proved and the necessary optimality conditions of the first-order are derived. A numerical algorithm to find a solution of the optimal control problem is constructed and implemented. The conducted numerical experiments demonstrate an opportunity to build an effective strategy of the enzymes impact for treatment.
On the spectral closeness and residual spectral closeness of graphs
Authors: Zheng Lu , Zhou Bo
Published: July 2022

The spectral closeness of a graph G is defined as the spectral radius of the closeness matrix of G, whose (u, v)-entry for vertex u and vertex v is 2−dG(u,v) if u ≠ v and 0 otherwise, where dG(u, v) is the distance between u and v in G. The residual spectral closeness of a nontrivial graph G is defined as the minimum spectral closeness of the subgraphs of G with one vertex deleted. We propose local grafting operations that decrease or increase the spectral closeness and determine those graphs that uniquely minimize and/or maximize the spectral closeness in some families of graphs. We also discuss extremal properties of the residual spectral closeness.
Blutbasierte Biomarker zur Optimierung der Früh- und
Differentialdiagnostik der Alzheimer-Demenz
Authors: Hansen Niels , Rauter Carolin , Wiltfang Jens
Published: July 2022

Ziele der Studie Die Demenz bei Alzheimer-Krankheit ist eine globale
Herausforderung. Studien weisen auf Blutbiomarker zur Diagnose der
Alzheimer-Krankheit als eine minimal invasive, schnellere,
kostengünstigere und daher zukunftsträchtige Methode hin. Ziel
dieser Übersicht ist es, Studien zu vielversprechenden Biomarkern der
Alzheimer-Krankheit darzustellen.

Methodik Für diese Übersichtsarbeit wurden aktuelle
Studien zusammengestellt.

Ergebnisse Immunassays mit anschließender Massenspektrometrie und
solche mit immunmagnetischer Reduktion sind aussichtsreiche Methoden für
die Bestimmung von Amyloid-ß 42 (Aß42) und Amyloid-ß 40
(Aß40) für die Bildung der Ratio von
Aß42/Aß40 zur blutbasierten Früh- und
Differentialdiagnostik der Alzheimer-Krankheit. Die Amyloid-ß
(Aß) Peptide im Blutplasma sind ein potentieller Marker der
Aß-Pathologie, da sie mit der Aß-Pathologie im Gehirn
korrelieren. Das mittels der Simoa Technologie bestimmte phosphorylierte
Tau-Protein 181 (p-tau181), das phosphorylierte Tau Protein 231 (p-tau231) und
das phosphorylierte Tau Protein 217 (p-tau217) im Blut sind vielversprechend
hinsichtlich einer möglichen Optimierung der Früh- und
Differentialdiagnostik der Alzheimer-Krankheit und sind Marker einer
Tau-Pathologie im Gehirn. Die Neurofilamente Leichtketten (Nfl) und das saure
Gliafaserprotein (GFAP) sind als Zusatzmarker hilfreich, um eine axonale und
astrogliale Hirnschädigung bei Alzheimer-Krankheit zu beurteilen. GFAP
im Blut könnte vor allem als Zusatzmarker zur Frühdiagnostik und
Prädiktion des Verlaufs der Alzheimer-Krankheit sinnvoll sein.

Schlussfolgerungen Blutbasierte Biomarker sind ein wichtiger Schritt in
Richtung einer weniger invasiven und kostengünstigeren Diagnostik der
Alzheimer-Krankheit. Die Ratio Aß42/Aß40, das p-tau181,
das p-tau217, das p-tau231, die Nfl und das GFAP sind vielversprechende
Blutbiomarker unter Beachtung der AT(N) Klassifikation der Alzheimer-Krankheit.
Hochdurchsatzfähige Methoden sollten in großen Kohorten und
Metanalysen evaluiert werden. Zudem sollten Konsensus Kriterien mit
einheitlichen Protokollen mit Normwerten zur Messung dieser Biomarker erstellt
werden. Die Etablierung der AT(N) Klassifikation der Alzheimer-Krankheit im Blut
ist unter Berücksichtigung ethischer Gesichtspunkte sowie des Alzheimer
Phänotyps ein wichtiger Baustein für die Implementierung einer
minimal-invasiven Präzisionsmedizin.
Outcomes of balloon vs basket catheter for clearance of choledocholithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sharma Ruchi , Sharma Vikram , Singhal Umang , Sanaka Madhusudhan
Published: July 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the mainstay for treatment of choledocholithiasis. It is unclear whether balloon or basket catheters are better for extraction of stones ≤ 10 mm in size. We performed a meta-analysis of studies comparing rates of complete stone extraction and adverse events after ERCP using balloon vs basket catheters for bile duct stones ≤ 10 mm in size.

Methods Cochrane database, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to October 2021. Randomized control trials comparing outcomes of balloon vs basket catheter were included. Data extraction of articles was carried out by two authors using predefined inclusion criteria. Metanalysis was carried out using the Revman 5.4.1. software using a random-effects model.

Results Three studies with a total of 508 patients were included in the final analysis. For common bile duct stones ≤ 10 mm, balloon catheters had higher complete stone clearance rates than basket catheters (relative risk 1.1, confidence interval 1.03, 1.18, P = 0.006). Heterogeneity among studies was low (Tau2  = 0.0; P = 0.47, I2  = 0 %). There was no difference in the rate of complications.

Conclusions Meta-analysis of three studies indicates that balloon catheters have a higher success rate compared to basket catheters for complete stone extraction for choledocholithiasis ≤ 10 mm with no significant difference in the rate of complications.
DxGenerator: An Improved Differential Diagnosis Generator for Primary Care Based on MetaMap and Semantic Reasoning
Authors: Sanaeifar Ali , Eslami Saeid , Ahadi Mitra , Kahani Mohsen , Vakili Arki Hassan
Published: July 2022

Background In recent years, researchers have used many computerized interventions to reduce medical errors, the third cause of death in developed countries. One of such interventions is using differential diagnosis generators in primary care, where physicians may encounter initial symptoms without any diagnostic presuppositions. These systems generate multiple diagnoses, ranked by their likelihood. As such, these reports' accuracy can be determined by the location of the correct diagnosis in the list.

Objective This study aimed to design and evaluate a novel practical web-based differential diagnosis generator solution in primary care.

Methods In this research, a new online clinical decision support system, called DxGenerator, was designed to improve diagnostic accuracy; to this end, an attempt was made to converge a semantic database with the unified medical language system (UMLS) knowledge base, using MetaMap tool and natural language processing. In this regard, 120 diseases of gastrointestinal organs causing abdominal pain were modeled into the database. After designing an inference engine and a pseudo-free-text interactive interface, 172 patient vignettes were inputted into DxGenerator and ISABEL, the most accurate similar system. The Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare the position of correct diagnoses in DxGenerator and ISABEL. The α level was defined as 0.05.

Results On a total of 172 vignettes, the mean and standard deviation of correct diagnosis positions improved from 4.2 ± 5.3 in ISABEL to 3.2 ± 3.9 in DxGenerator. This improvement was significant in the subgroup of uncommon diseases (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion Using UMLS knowledge base and MetaMap Tools can improve the accuracy of diagnostic systems in which terms are entered in a free text manner. Applying these new methods will help the medical community accept medical diagnostic systems better.
Does Prophylactic Use of Postcesarean Section Laxatives Favor Bowel Movements?
Authors: Corrêa Neto Isaac José Felippe , Pizzo Juliana Lazzarini , Robles Amanda Gambi , Mauri Leonardo , Robles Laercio
Published: July 2022

Introduction Chronic constipation (CC) is a highly prevalent disease in Western society. Chronic constipation can have a different etiology in patients who underwent a cesarean section and result from postoperative stress and metabolic response to trauma, analgesic agents, immobilization, and dietary restrictions. Chronic constipation may also occur due to puerperium-related psychological changes and to the stretching and weakening of the perineal and abdominal muscles after childbirth.

Objectives The present study analyzes intestinal transit restoration after a cesarean section and the influence of osmotic laxative agents.

Methods The present prospective, nonrandomized sample study used the ROME III questionnaire and the Bristol stool scale in adult women who underwent a cesarean section. We divided the subjects into 2 groups, each with 30 patients, to compare the effect of the prophylactic administration of an osmotic laxative.

Results We evaluated 60 randomly-chosen pregnant women from the Obstetrics ward of Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, from October 2019 to March 2020. Their mean age was 26.8 years old, and the mean gestation time was 37.95 weeks. Ten patients (16.7%) presented with constipation before the cesarean section, and 38 (63.3%) had a bowel movement after the procedure. However, in 84.2% of these patients, the usual stool consistency worsened. After the cesarean section, 46.7% of the women who did not receive laxative agents had a bowel movement, compared with 80% of those who did (p = 0.0074).

Conclusion Some factors, including those related to the procedure, may hamper intestinal transit restoration after a cesarean section. Osmotic laxative agents can facilitate transit restoration with no negative effects in this group of patients.
Doppler Ultrasound Testing Suggests Hemorrhoids in Females may be a Consequence of Impaired Blood Flow Associated with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Enache Traian , Soare Diana Elena
Published: July 2022

Background It has been observed that there is a high incidence of hemorrhoids in female patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Also, in these patients, hemorrhoidal disease improves after the surgical correction of the pelvic organ prolapse.

Objective Our hypothesis was that a cause-effect relationship between pelvic organ prolapse, and hemorrhoids might be the key. The objective of this study was to find an element which connects these two conditions.

Study Design We conducted a pilot study which consisted of two parts. An initial part, in which we asked several patients with grades III and IV pelvic organ prolapse and hemorrhoids, who have undergone surgery for prolapse, to determine the impact of the surgical restoration of the prolapsed organs on their hemorrhoidal disease. For the second part, on several patients with uncorrected uterine prolapse grades III and IV, we determined the resistive index of the hemorrhoidal branches within the rectal wall before and after manual reduction of the prolapse.

Results First, more than 50% of patients who underwent uterine prolapse correction described an improvement of their hemorrhoidal disease of over 50%. Second, the resistive index of the hemorrhoidal branches was significantly lower after manual reduction of the prolapse. We consider that obstructed veins due to pelvic organ prolapse might induce the dilation of the hemorrhoids. The direct measurement of the resistive index of the hemorrhoidal branches allows us to directly assess the increased resistance in the rectal vascular system.

Conclusion Venous stasis and impaired vascular flow might be the pathophysiological explanation for the association between pelvic organ prolapse and hemorrhoids. In these patients, the pathogenic treatment should aim at the restoration of a normal blood flow (prolapse surgical cure) instead of focusing on hemorrhoids only.
Reformdebatte: Notfall in Endlosschleife
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: July 2022

Die deutsche Notfallversorgung bleibt ein Dauerpatient, und erneut ist um seine Therapie eine heftige Diskussion entbrannt. Die Beteiligten bringen sich mit eigenen Konzepten in Stellung.
Universitätsklinikum Münster: Zentrum für Transgender Medizin eröffnet
Authors: Eilers Susann
Published: July 2022

In einem bundesweit einzigartigen interdisziplinären Kompetenzzentrum will die Universitätsmedizin Münster Transpersonen umfassend und ihr gesamtes Leben lang begleiten.
Gutachten zum Klimaschutz: Wege zum klimaneutralen Krankenhaus
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: July 2022

Der Gesundheitssektor trägt selbst wesentlich zur Klimakrise bei. Im Auftrag der Krankenhausgesellschaft Nordrhein-Westfalen haben Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler zwei Gutachten erstellt, die Handlungsempfehlungen für Krankenhäuser sowie Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten dafür skizzieren.
ÖVKT-Tagung 2022 in PÖrtschach: Weniger Manpower erfordert mehr Technik
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: July 2022

Fehlende Fachkräfte werden auch im Gesundheitswesen, wo möglich, durch Automatisation, Robotik, Digitalisierung und sonstige innovative Technologien ersetzt werden müssen. Vom 20. bis 23. September stellt sich die diesjährige ÖVKT-Tagung in Pörtschach der Frage, was Technik im Krankenhaus künftig leisten muss.
Relativistic wind farm effect: Possibly turbulent flow of a charged, massless relativistic fluid in graphene
Authors: Watson Mark
Published: July 2022

At low Reynolds numbers, the wind flow in the wake of a single wind turbine is generally not turbulent. However, turbines in wind farms affect each other's wakes so that a turbulent flow can arise. In the present work, an analog of this effect for the massless charge carrier flow around obstacles in graphene is outlined. We use a relativistic hydrodynamic simulation to analyze the flow in a sample containing impurities. Depending on the density of impurities in the sample, we indeed find evidence for potentially turbulent flow and discuss experimental consequences.
Thermal convection instability of two miscible viscous fluids in a rotating annular Hele–Shaw cell
Authors: Echchadli Mourad , Aniss Saïd
Published: July 2022

We investigate thermal convection instability in a system of two horizontal miscible liquid layers confined in an annular Hele–Shaw cell rotating uniformly about its axis and subjected to a radial temperature gradient. We first determine the Hele–Shaw averaged velocity field in each fluid layer by taking into account the Coriolis force. Thereafter, the linear stability analysis leads to an eigenvalue problem solved numerically by the spectral collocation method. Depending on the buoyancy number, the ratio of the stabilizing chemical density anomaly to the destabilizing thermal density anomaly, the centrifugal force gives rise to two convection regimes: the oscillating regime corresponding to single-cell convection over the entire width of the Hele–Shaw cell and the stratified regime with separate convection in each of the two layers. In the stratified regime, it turns out that the cells rotate in the same direction and, thus, only thermal coupling is dominant in the Hele–Shaw cell geometry, regardless of the value of the viscosity ratio. We show that increasing the curvature parameter of the cell has a stabilizing effect and decreases the critical Buoyancy number corresponding to the transition from the oscillatory to the stratified regime. At a low Ekman number, the Coriolis force is strongly stabilizing and has little effect on the critical buoyancy number. Moreover, the increase in the curvature parameter and the decrease in the Ekman number together cause the transition from the oscillating regime to a nearly stratified regime. The effects of fluid layer thicknesses and the ratio of kinematic viscosities on the active or passive character of a layer are also examined.
Bursting jet in two tandem bubbles at the free surface
Authors: Lee Chang Geol , Lee Sun Youb , Ha Cong-Tu , Lee Jae Hwa
Published: July 2022

Numerical simulations of the bubble-bursting phenomenon in two tandem bubbles at the free surface are conducted to explore the influence of a following bubble behind the bursting bubble on the jet ejection at fixed Bo = 0.05 and Oh = 0.022. The equivalent radius of the bursting bubble (RB) is fixed, and the configuration of two tandem bubbles is varied systematically by changing the equivalent radius of the following bubble (RF) and the gap distance between the two bubbles (L). An increase in the bubble–bubble interactive force (repulsive force) is observed with a decrease in L or an increase in RF. As the repulsive force increases, the velocity of the primary capillary wave (PCW) increases due to the reduced wavelength of the PCW, thus increasing the bursting jet velocity. However, when the repulsive force is sufficiently large, the curvature of the PCW near the bottom of the bursting bubble is reversed, causing a new secondary capillary wave to be generated. An increase in the secondary capillary wavelength with an increase in the force disturbs the self-similar behavior of the interface of the bursting bubble, resulting in a decrease in the bursting jet velocity. In order to scale the bursting jet velocity using RF and L in cases where PCWs are important to induce a bursting jet, a scaling law is formulated by defining the scaling variable φ in terms of RF and L. The proposed scaling law is found to be capable of providing accurate predictions of capillary numbers as a function of φ.
A re-examination of the growth of the gummy shark (
Authors: Campbell Matthew J. , Rigby Cassandra L.
Published: July 2022

The gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus) is endemic to Australia and is the target of commercial fisheries in southern Australia. However, the Queensland population is subjected to low levels of fishing mortality. The present study re-analysed a limited length-at-age dataset collected from central Queensland to estimate growth parameters in a Bayesian framework, with informative priors for size-at-birth and maximum size. Growth parameters were estimated using a multi-model approach. This study showed that M. antarcticus caught in Queensland exhibits slow growth compared with conspecifics in southern Australia, and females grow slower and larger than do males. The combined length-at-age data for males and females was best described by the von Bertalanffy growth function and the growth parameters were L∞ = 1852 mm (total length, TL), L0 = 261 mm TL and k = 0.044 year−1 for males and females combined. The ‘BayesGrowth’ R package offers a simple method to minimise bias in the estimation of growth parameters from a limited length-at-age dataset in a Bayesian framework.
Multiband acoustic topological metamaterials with valley-switchable higher-order corner states
Authors: Dong Yibao , Wang Yuanbo , Shi Jianbing , Zhai Shilong , Ding Changlin , Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: July 2022

Topological insulators have become a hot research area in the field of acoustics in recent years, particularly the recently-appearing higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) that support low-dimensional corner states. However, most HOTIs reported are implemented in tetragonal lattices, and only support single-frequency operation, which enables the higher-order states to be fixed at specific corners and at specific frequencies, lacking the multiband response and flexibility of switching. Herein, the experimental realization of flexibly valley-switchable topological corner states in multiple frequency bands with acoustic metamaterials in the triangular lattice are reported in a 2D system. The designed topological metamaterials, whose second-order topology is characterized by nontrivial bulk polarization, exhibit diverse topological valley-switchability in different bandgaps, as verified by simulation and experiments. Furthermore, an arbitrary structure containing complex patterns with various crossing angles is designed and experimentally implemented, where selected corners can be switched on or off by valley switching, and the switching modes are distinct in different bandgaps. The reported valley topological metamaterials enrich the fundamental understanding of the interaction between multiband higher-order topology and valley degrees of freedom, which inspire potential applications for multiband communication devices and integrated acoustics and photonics.
Numerical investigation of transient thermal behaviour of fully wet and porous moving semi-spherical fin
Authors: Keerthi M L , Gireesha B J , Sowmya G
Published: July 2022

A variety of engineering applications demand efficient and adaptable fin structures for the intensification of heat exchange. The semi-spherical fin structures are useful in the field of refrigeration, chemical processing systems, aerospace etc. In this regard, the present article numerically investigates the transient thermal behaviour of a fully wet semi-spherical fin. The study incorporates the Darcy model as the fin is made up of porous material. Further, the fin is exposed to convective-radiative heat exchange and is subject to uniform motion. The heat balance equation has been reduced to get a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) which is computed by employing the finite difference method (FDM). The dimensionless terms are grouped together and their influence on the temperature distribution in a semi-spherical fin is studied. Also, the instantaneous heat transfer rate and the transient fin efficiency have been modelled and their variations with relevant parameters have been graphically depicted. And these are found be strong functions of Peclet number, wet porous nature and dimensionless time. As a main outcome the semi-spherical fin efficiency is positively influenced by the Peclet number. Along with the fundamental point of interest the results presented benefit the fin designing purposes.
Biological characterization of the zinc-modified hydroxyapatite coated by a pulsed laser deposition method
Authors: Kashi Nooshin , Momeni Mahdi , Hamidinezhad Habib
Published: July 2022

Pure Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and Zn-HA nanoparticles were successfully deposited on steel substrates, and laser ablation was performed by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique using an Nd: YAG laser (λ = 532 nm, τ = 12 ns). The bioactivity of the thin film was investigated by its immersing in a simulated body fluid solution of pH 7.4 at 37 °C for incubation of 14 days. The growth of the apatite layer after immersion was studied. The analysis showed the formation of needle-like crystals after immersion in solution. Wettability angles decreased for the HA coating after post-deposition compared to pure HA coatings at room temperature and ion substitutions in bioceramics lead to wettability modification. The findings confirm that Zn doping with different concentrations improved antibacterial activity. The results demonstrate that coating the surface with bioactive materials modified with metal ions, yields good biological responses, and varied compositions differentially affect the water contact angles as well as HA layer growth.
CFTs blueshift tensor fluctuations universally
Authors: Baumgart Matthew , Heckman Jonathan J. , Thomas Logan
Published: July 2022

The strong constraints of conformal symmetry cause any
nearly-conformal sector to blueshift tensor fluctuations in
cosmology. Hidden sectors with approximate conformal symmetry,
which may be quite large, are a well-motivated extension of physics
beyond the Standard Models of particle physics and cosmology. They
can therefore lead to a detectable shift in the tensor tilt for
next-generation CMB and gravitational wave experiments. We compute
the leading-order contribution to the in-in graviton two-point
function from virtual loops in such sectors to demonstrate this
universal effect. In units where a single conformally-coupled scalar
is 1, limits from Stage-IV CMB experiments could bound the size of
this extra sector to be smaller than ∼1015, under a
plausible calculational assumption backed by a simple power counting
argument. This would be sufficient to rule out N-Naturalness as a
complete resolution of the hierarchy problem.
Energy fluctuations in one dimensional Zhang sandpile model
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Singh Suram , Yadav Avinash Chand
Published: July 2022

We consider the Zhang sandpile model in one-dimension (1D) with locally conservative (or dissipative) dynamics and examine its total energy fluctuations at the external drive time scale. The bulk-driven system leads to Lorentzian spectra, with a cutoff time T growing linearly with the system size L. The fluctuations show 1/f

α
behavior with α ∼ 1 for the boundary drive, and the cutoff time varies non-linearly. For conservative local dynamics, the cutoff time shows a power-law growth T ∼ L

λ
that differs from an exponential form ∼exp(μL) observed for the nonconservative case. We suggest that the local dissipation is not a necessary ingredient of the system in 1D to get the 1/f noise, and the cutoff time can reveal the distinct nature of the local dynamics. We also discuss the energy fluctuations for locally nonconservative dynamics with random dissipation.
Development of a 127Xe calibration source for nEXO
Authors: Lenardo B.G. , Hardy C.A. , Tsang R.H.M. , Nzobadila Ondze J.C. , Piepke A. , Triambak S. , Jamil A. , Adhikari G. , Al Kharusi S. , Angelico E. , Arnquist I.J. , Belov V. , Bernard E.P. , Bhat A. , Bhatta T. , Bolotnikov A. , Breur P.A. , Brodsky J.P. , Brown E. , Brunner T. , Caden E. , Cao G.F. , Cao L. , Chana B. , Charlebois S.A. , Chernyak D. , Chiu M. , Cohen J.R. , Collister R. , Dalmasson J. , Daniels T. , Darroch L. , DeVoe R. , di Vacri M.L. , Ding Y.Y. , Dolinski M.J. , Echevers J. , Eckert B. , Elbeltagi M. , Fabris L. , Fairbank D. , Fairbank W. , Farine J. , Fu Y.S. , Gallina G. , Gautam P. , Giacomini G. , Gillis W. , Gingras C. , Gornea R. , Gratta G. , Harouaka K. , Heffner M. , Hein E. , Hößl J. , House A. , Iverson A. , Jiang X.S. , Karelin A. , Kaufman L.J. , Krücken R. , Kuchenkov A. , Kumar K.S. , Larson A. , Leach K.G. , Leonard D.S. , Li G. , Li S. , Li Z. , Licciardi C. , Lindsay R. , MacLellan R. , Masbou J. , McMichael K. , Medina Peregrina M. , Mong B. , Moore D.C. , Murray K. , Nattress J. , Natzke C.R. , Ngwadla X.E. , Ni K. , Ning Z. , Orrell J.L. , Ortega G.S. , Ostrovskiy I. , Overman C.T. , Perna A. , Pinto Franco T. , Pocar A. , Pratte J.F. , Priel N. , Raguzin E. , Ramonnye G.J. , Rasiwala H. , Raymond K. , Richardson G. , Richman M. , Ringuette J. , Rowson P.C. , Saldanha R. , Sangiorgio S. , Shang X. , Soma A.K. , Spadoni F. , Stekhanov V. , Sun X.L. , Thibado S. , Tidball A. , Todd J. , Totev T. , Tyuka O.A. , Vachon F. , Veeraraghavan V. , Viel S. , Wamba K. , Wang Y. , Wang Q. , Wei W. , Wen L.J. , Wichoski U. , Wilde S. , Wu W.H. , Yan W. , Yang L. , Zeldovich O. , Zhao J. , Ziegler T.
Published: July 2022

We study a possible calibration technique for the nEXO
experiment using a 127Xe electron capture source. nEXO is a
next-generation search for neutrinoless double beta decay
(0νββ) that will use a 5-tonne, monolithic liquid xenon
time projection chamber (TPC). The xenon, used both as source and
detection medium, will be enriched to 90% in 136Xe. To
optimize the event reconstruction and energy resolution,
calibrations are needed to map the position- and time-dependent
detector response. The 36.3 day half-life of 127Xe and its
small Q-value compared to that of 136Xe 0νββ
would allow a small activity to be maintained continuously in the
detector during normal operations without introducing additional
backgrounds, thereby enabling in-situ calibration and
monitoring of the detector response. In this work we describe a
process for producing the source and preliminary experimental
tests. We then use simulations to project the precision with which
such a source could calibrate spatial corrections to the light and
charge response of the nEXO TPC.
Net negative nutrient yields in a bait-consuming fishery
Authors: Driscoll John , Chan Kai M A
Published: July 2022

Efforts to achieve sustainable food systems are impeded by inefficiencies associated with the use of agricultural land and resources to grow feed for animals, rather than food for direct consumption by people. In contrast, the unspoken assumption about fisheries, which are a key source of protein and micronutrients, is that they are inherently net-positive producers of food, as they appear to require no intentional inputs of resources that could otherwise be directly consumed by people. However, this assumption may not hold true for all fisheries. One such fishery is the Maine fishery for American lobster (Homarus americanus), which for decades has used substantial amounts of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) as bait in its traps. Here, we evaluate the Maine lobster fishery’s production of a suite of nutrients both before and after consideration of its use of Atlantic herring as bait. Despite several sources of uncertainty, our results indicate that the Maine lobster fishery has likely been a net consumer of multiple nutrients in recent years. This stems from both the scale of herring bait use in the lobster fishery, and from herring’s comparatively high edible biomass yield and nutrient content. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a fishery consuming more nutrients, through bait, than it produces through landings. Identifying and addressing such inefficiencies will ensure that fisheries contribute to sustainable food production.
Long-term changes of water flow, water temperature and heat flux of two largest arctic rivers of European Russia, Northern Dvina and Pechora
Authors: Georgiadi Aleksander G , Groisman Pavel Y
Published: July 2022

The phases of long-lasting (more than 10–15 years) increased and decreased water flow, water temperature and heat flux values in the Northern Dvina River and the Pechora River were studied for the observation period from the 1930s to 2020. To distinguish between different phases, statistical homogeneity tests and normalized cumulative deviation curves were used. Generally, the identified phases displayed statistically significant differences between average values of the measured characteristics. During contrasting phases, the general pattern of water temperature during the warm season, water runoff and heat flux in the Northern Dvina and Pechora River Basins differed considerably. The number of the identified phases varied between the studied rivers and ranged from two to four contrasting phases in the Northern Dvina River exceeded those of the Pechora River. Consequently, the duration of the phases also varied quite significantly. The difference in mean values of the hydrological characteristics during the contrasting phases in the Northern Dvina River exceeded those of the Pechora River. The longest phases of increased and decreased heat flux nearly coincide with contrasting periods of water runoff and water temperature. The phases of simultaneous increased or decreased values of all hydrological characteristics were associated with corresponding periods of increased or decreased air temperature (on average for a year and for the open water period) and annual precipitation values. Those long-lasting phases of simultaneously increased or decreased values of river flow, heat flux, and water temperature were associated with changes of the global thermal regime, regional cryosphere variations, and long-term periods of intensification or weakening of the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic, characterised by variability in macrocirculation indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation and Scandinavian circulation pattern.
Quantum metrology with a non-linear kicked Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Müller Sabrina , Braun Daniel
Published: July 2022

We study the sensitivity of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer that contains in addition to the phase shifter a non-linear element. By including both elements in a cavity or a loop that the light transverses many times, a non-linear kicked version of the interferometer arises. We study its sensitivity as function of the phase shift, the kicking strength, the maximally reached average number of photons, and damping due to photon loss for an initial coherent state. We find that for vanishing damping Heisenberg-limited scaling of the sensitivity arises if squeezing dominates the total photon number. For small to moderate damping rates the non-linear kicks can considerably increase the sensitivity as measured by the quantum Fisher information per unit time.
A Short Review on Causes of Sea Level Rise for Climate Monitoring
Authors: Ahmad Affandi Muhammad Luqman , Md Din Ami Hassan , Rasib Abd Wahid
Published: July 2022

Sea level rise has currently become a major issue for climate change. It has globally drawn attention because as time passes, global sea levels will continue to rise at an accelerating rate in the 21st century. It will cause a serious impact on environmental problems such as coastal inundation, salt intrusion, coastal erosion, and other phenomena. These scenarios lead to earth problems in which land and oceans continue shifting due to climate change, posing a threat to the very existence of all living beings in the coming years. As a result, climate monitoring is critical for tracking the change. Therefore, this paper reviews the physical factors that contribute to sea level rise. The main contributors for sea level rises, such as ice melting from land into the ocean, thermal expansion, a slowing of the Gulf Stream, and land sinkage, are being discussed. This paper also emphasises the studies of regional sea level, and sea level rate changes. Finally, this review will be discussed in order to clarify the causes of sea level rise issues for human society.
The empirical approach to strengthen coordinated cadastral database accuracy
Authors: Looi K S , Isahak M F , Hamzah H , Muda N , Lim B W , Supramaniam P , Ghafar W A F , Tan L C
Published: July 2022

The coordinated cadastral database in Malaysia is known as National Digital Cadastral Database (NDCDB) with an expected accuracy of ±10cm in rural and ±5cm in urban area. Till date, there are approximately 7.8 million land parcels and 22 million boundary markers in the NDCDB for the whole of Peninsular Malaysia and Federal Territory of Labuan covering total area of 132,183 km2. Since 2010, NDCDB block adjustment has been carried out continuously without giving prime concern to eliminate gross errors in the adjustment’s input data. This approach aims to propose a methodology to improve the positional accuracy of the existing NDCDB through utilisation of the current eKadaster application. A comprehensive investigation in the office and field processes has been carried out to prove the efficiency of the methodology introduced. This investigation was focused on the East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) right of way (ROW) survey from Dungun to Besut where displacement of 1 to 6 meters relative to the NDCDB coordinates, as shown in the Land Acquisition (LA) Plan, have been identified. Areas involved are coded as Block T10701, T1100101 and T1100102 which are located in Lubuk Kawah and Pelagat Sub-districts, in the state of Terengganu. Positional accuracy of the NDCDB after adjustment was further verified by comparing the coordinates of randomly picked ground proofing points in the field using Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) observation. This will determine the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the respective NDCDB Block based on actual observations and adjusted coordinate values. With that, it can be concluded that the proposed approach is reasonably practical and capable to improve and strengthen the positional accuracy of existing coordinated cadastral database used in Malaysia.
Determination Asphalt Layer using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
Authors: Badrul Hisham Anwar Farhan , Razali M Hezri , Idris Ahmad Norhisyam , Ghazali Rosmadi , Ibrahim Naim
Published: July 2022

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is one of a new instrument in the field survey that has emerge along with the advancement of the world technology. The non-destructive technique (NDT) that was introduced along with the GPR instrument is able to be used in assessing the condition of pavement structure and condition. This data can be used to assess the underground features and thus detect any anomalies and buried features such as cable pipe. The current technique used to assess the pavement structure is very destructive and cost a lot of time to be conducted. This paper is aim to evaluate the performance of GPR in assessing the pavement layer with regards to JKR standard specification. The GPR will be equipped with two different types of frequencies which are 250 MHz and 700 MHz to determine the most suitable frequencies for pavement assessment. The obtain result will then be compared with the specification from JKR in order to evaluate whether the GPR is suitable or not. Based on the result, 700 MHz or higher frequencies are more suitable for pavement layer assessment as it can produce detailed and higher resolution of radargram. The comparison results also determined that the GPR can be used for pavement layer assessment as the measured thickness is within the JKR specification.
Possibility the use of UAV platform for building’s crack length measurement
Authors: Rahman Khairulanwar Ab , Tahar Khairul Nizam
Published: July 2022

This study uses Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a platform to inspect and monitor a building. It focuses on the inspection of defects in buildings, especially cracks. The aim of this study is to investigate cracks on a building by using UAV photogrammetry. The building was used as an object for this study because there are demands from the building maintenance team to assess cracks on the building in an effective way, where it can help to provide reliable crack information. The selected building for this study was an old apartment building with cracks, making it appropriate for this study. There were several steps and procedure used to capture the image of cracks on the building. From the image captured by using UAV, measurement of the cracks can be identified by using a software. There were also different approaches for the output. First is the 3D model of the building and second is the measurement of cracks. The 3D model of the building was created by using Agisoft Photoscan software for the purpose of getting the overview of building dimension. The measurement of cracks was processed by using PhotoModeler software. The accuracy achieved for this study was ±0.8cm. The result showed that UAV photogrammetry can help the current surveying work, especially on building maintenance. Besides, it can capture the crack’s images from certain altitude. The authors used UAV for smart building monitoring assessment, which was less considered in the past.
Implications of Automated Height Extrusion and the Selection of Height Reference for LoD 1 SmartKADASTER City Model
Authors: Abdul Halim Nur Zurairah , Abdullah Nazirah , Karim Hairi
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses the lessons learnt from the SmartKADASTER Phase II city model development project, specifically on the reconstruction of the LoD 1 CityGML models. The LoD 1 models were reconstructed using automated height extrusions, either by creating categorised point clouds or by employing a raster-based equation such as CHM=DSM-DTM. The methods for reconstructing the LoD1 are further elaborated in this study. However, due to the particular nature of Malaysian buildings and inaccurate point cloud classifications, automated height extrusion alone was found to be insufficient to achieve the typical recommended average rooftop height as the LoD1 height reference. Additionally, it was determined that the recommended height reference is also unsuitable for cadastre-based analysis and other beyond cadastre purposes in Malaysia. As a result, this paper will discuss the selection of the LoD1 height reference and suggest the approach to ensure accurate height extrusion of the LoD1 model can be met. Finally, it is hoped that this work will contribute to the body of knowledge by appropriately referencing their 3D models for analysis purposes and raising readers’ awareness of the SmartKADASTER application system.
Allocating Of New Potential Bus Stop Location Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique
Authors: Rahman A A A , Majid N A , Ramlan M H , Hakim M A
Published: July 2022

Public bus service is an essential transport in major cities. This service makes it easier for passengers to move from one place to another place. The aim of this research is to allocate new potential bus stop locations in Shah Alam. The purpose is to use the AHP calculation method to find the average priorities weightage value of the criteria and sub criteria used in this research. The applying of GIS to process the data calculated from the AHP will identify which criteria is preferred over each other to locate new bus stop locations. The methodology in this research is divided into four phases which is preliminary work, data acquisition, data processing, and data analysis. Software used in this research for data processing is ArcGIS Pro. How strategic is the locations of the bus stop according to the population? The rising of urbanization has led to increasing in population density; hence the location, functionality, safety, and visual appearance of bus stop are crucial. Therefore, this research is focused on allocating of new potential bus stop locations that has been identified through the GIS geoprocessing tools.