bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Calibration of Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Models
Authors: Zhang Chao , Sun Ying Ying
Published: September 2013

The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method was used to calibrate the Xinanjiang (XAJ) conceptual rainfall-runoff flood forecasting model, using a 7-year record of historical data of Yandu river watershed. Based on results of calibration runs using different objective functions, it is concluded that parameters optimization has a certain relationship with the choice of objective functions and the results vary with different functions. The simulation and prediction results were reasonable, as PSO method was used in XAJ model with observed data of Yandu river, combined with layer-debugging theory of Zhao Ren-jun.
Calculation Method about Vertical Distribution of Saturated Sediment Concentration Based on Exchange Equilibrium
Authors: Feng Xiao Xiang , Yue Pei Jiu
Published: September 2013

Diffusion theory is the leading one which is used to study the vertical distribution of sediment concentration. And diffusion coefficient is a key parameter to determine the vertical distribution of suspended sediment. First of all, the calculation methods are introduced based on the momentum transfer theory and fluctuating velocity. According to the sediment equation of exchange equilibrium in vertical, the new expression is obtained for sediment diffusion coefficient and the vertical distribution of sediment concentration. By the flume experimental data and field data in natural river, the difference is analyzed among the different expressions.
Forecasting Refugee of Debris Flow Using Multiple Regression Analysis
Authors: Yang Ming Der , Shao Chun Hao , Chen Yi Ping
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study is to build a prediction model for refugee population in the daytime based on the investigation on refugee population in 46 villages which are subordinate to Xinyi, Shuili, and Lugu Township in Nantou County, Taiwan. In the model of multiple regression analysis, the dependent variable is refugee population in the daytime, and independent variables include residents in the evening, employee population, student population, and cost of damaged buildings in a landslide. The analysis of regression obtained the determination coefficient R2 of 0.986 and F value of 814.85 which approached statistical significance (p<α = .01).
The Evaluation Research about Building Comprehensive Capabilities of Disaster Prevention
Authors: Bi Xiao Yu , Zhang Jing Yan , Wang Jia
Published: September 2013

Building is the focus of the city's comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation. The comprehensive disaster prevention ability of the construction directly affects the safety of the people, the city and even the society as a whole. According to Civil Construction Reliability Evaluation Criteria and the Standard of Dangerous BuildingAppraisal, the evaluation index system is establisshed in this paper, which is including structure, facilities and personnel ,to evaluate the comprehensive disaster prevention ability of the construction. Also the fuzzyevaluation method is put forward to solve the complexity of the evaluation objects and the difficult quantitative of the evaluation index directly .The research results help owners and the government managers to fully understand the usage of the building, and formulate the specific prevention measures .It also provides a reference basis for the maintenance and reinforcement of building.
Basal Heave Stability Analysis of Deep Foundation Pit in Soft Soil
Authors: Kong De Sen , Men Yan Qing
Published: September 2013

In order to avoid the limitations in traditional methods of basal heave stability analysis for deep foundation pit, numerical analysis was adopted by establishing a two-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element model. Resistant heave stability safety factor was calculated using the fitting formula acquired from the simulated results, and then the upheaval value and plastic range under critical conditions were studied. The results show that the soil stress will be redistributed with the increasing of excavation depth until upheaval damage taken place. The upheaval value will be larger, the plastic range will be greater, and the basal heave stability will be worse with the decreasing of plastic parameters. Meanwhile, the basal upheaval peak position will transform gradually from excavation center to diaphragm neighborhood with the decreasing of plastic parameters. There is a critical value associated with supporting parameters for soil plastic parameters and the possibility of upheaval destruction increases significantly if the plastic parameters are less than the critical value.
Study on Post-Earthquake Corrective Repair of the Stone Archway and Stone Screen in Tiantai Mountain
Authors: Nie Yi Xin , Wang Ze Yun , Liu Hao Zhou , Zhu Cui Hua
Published: September 2013

Abstract: The Qionglai stone archway and stone screen wall are located in Tiantai Mountain, Sichuan Province. Due to the impact of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquakes, the stone archway began to subside and tilt. The maximum settlement of the two columns in the northeast was 60mm and the vertical deviation was 42mm.The main ridge of the roof which was badly damaged was out of joint and began to fracture, shift and fragment. Other part also got damaged in varying degrees. Due to the special geographical environment, large-scale machinery cannot be put into use. Thus, we can only use small equipment and labor, take advantage of pulley block and set up a steel hoop to improve pillars with jacking and corrective method. At the time of repairment, it should follow the principle of "repair the old as not to change the original appearance" and use the original materials and follow the original process as much as possible so that the stone archway and stone screen wall can be in the original shape.
Emergency Evacuation Path Choice Based on Space Network in Public Building
Authors: Fan Min , Liu Gang , Li Pei Gang , Zhu Guo Fu
Published: September 2013

Preliminary design is core content of establishing emergency evacuation plan. A Link-Node space network structure model is founded for simulating public places in this paper. Based on the model, the basic model of crowd evacuation plan is analyzed and validated with an example. Then, a method of logical shortest path calculation is put forward, and satisfied preferably request of emergency evacuation plan design.
Numerical Model of Three-Dimensional Motion of Plate-Type Wind-Borne Debris Based on Quaternions and its Improvement in Unsteady Flow
Authors: Fu An Min , Huang Peng , Gu Ming
Published: September 2013

A numerical model of three-dimensional motion of plate-type wind-borne debris in uniform wind field based on quaternions is proposed in this paper. This model can simulate the complex 3D spinning flight robustly and efficiently with rotational quaternions, which are also free from the gimbal lock that is associated with Euler rotational matrix. The predictions from the model were then compared with the results of another quasi-steady model, and good agreement is found. For the unsteady flow involved in autorotational flight mode, the present model was improved by revising the damping moment in order to simulate the two-dimensional motion of plates with higher accuracy. Calibration of the damping moment coefficient was performed through a direct comparison of the predicted non-dimensional angular velocity with the results of CFD-RBD model. The predictions of the improved model agree reasonably well with the CFD-RBD results, which verifies the accuracy of the improved model in predicting the two-dimensional trajectories of plates.
Emergency Countermeasure and Rescue Plan of Subway Fire
Authors: Liu Ying Xin , Han Xiao Wei , Li Meng Ling
Published: September 2013

Subway is one of the most important public transportations in cities, and its operation security is a very prominent problem. Subway fire is an outstanding issue. The paper begins with the characteristics and reasons of subway, and sets forth the emergency countermeasure and rescue plan of subway fire.
Present Situation Analysis for Reinforcement of Dangerous Reservoirs in China
Authors: Yan Zu Wen , Zhang Yan Yi , Zhang Guo Dong
Published: September 2013

The dam reinforcement and rehabilitation of dangerous reservoirs is a long-term and an arduous task in China. The reinforced and reinforcing reservoirs have been investigated from the statistics of historical accidents, the sickness and danger severity assessment situation at present. The sickness and danger severity comprehensive assessment technology is to appraise the severity of sickness and danger of a detective reservoir dam, to provide technical support in the decision-making process on whether danger removal and consolidation should be performed and what work sequence and method should be adopted in this work. It is a technology in urgent demand in China for rehabilitation and consolidation of reservoirs with sickness and danger, which will provide the technical support for the dam reinforcement decision-making and safety management.
Prediction of and early Warning for Deformation and Stress in the Xiaowan Arch Dam during the First Impounding Stage
Authors: Zhou Qiu Jing , Zhang Guo Xin , Liu Yi
Published: September 2013

A hybrid prediction model based on the simulation of the complete process in high arch dams is proposed because of capacity shortage in the prediction of and early warning for deformation and stress in such dams during the first impounding stage. An early warning system for dam body deformation as well as dam heel and dam toe stress is established in this model. The warning thresholds are also clarified. Applications in the first impounding stage of the Xiaowan Arch Dam show that the model is practical and effective, and can provide highly accurate predictions. Early warning indicator thresholds for deformation and stress are reasonably set to provide warnings for abnormal situations. The model provides accurate predictions and effective warning methods for the safe impounding and operation of high arch dams.
Research Status Summary on Dam Security Monitoring
Authors: Wang Xue , Yan Yu Min
Published: September 2013

t was well known to the world that the dams were critical construction measures to regulate and control water resources, optimize the water distribution, and the important component of flood-prevention system. For the sake of providing beneficial basis for the study on monitoring of dam security, we summarized the research status of dam security monitoring from 3 aspects: the connotation, impact factors and development tendency. Combining with our practical experiences, the recommendations on dam security monitoring were suggested in this paper: (1) Automation, digitization and integration were the final development tendency of dam security monitoring; (2) Basic study should be combined with apply study, and the basic study need to serve apply study; (3) Basic studies need to pay much emphasis on the Reference from multi-fields, applying excellent study achievements from other fields to the monitoring of dam security, such as mathematics and computer fields; (4) New devices such as 3-d laser scanner should be popularized, and the costs of related elements should be decreased. Moreover, related equipments which could improve the monitoring precision need to be input more human and material resources in the R&D process, in order to increase the reliability of monitoring results.
Study on the Characteristics of Traditional Local Building Materials in Southern Hunan Areas
Authors: Xu Jian He , He Jian Mei
Published: September 2013

The basic Construction principle of southern Hunan vernacular architecture is suiting the concrete circumstance of the site, making use of the local material, and building with the resources accessible. The material such as brick, stone, tile, wood, soil etc. come from local site, which are adapt to the southern Hunan natural conditions and low cost, as well as sustainable and easy to merge into the circumstance.
Finite Element Simulation on Mechanical Behaviors near Crack-Tip in Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Zhou Bo , Lv Jun , Wang Dong Xue
Published: September 2013

The mechanical behaviors of super-elastic shape memory alloy are formulated based on Auricchios constitutive model. The finite element simulation method for the mechanical behaviors of super-elastic shape memory alloy using the software of ANSYS is introduced. The mechanical behaviors near crack-tip in a shape memory alloy plate with one inclining crack are numerically simulated by finite element method. Results show that the software of ANSYS can simulate the mechanical behaviors of shape memory alloy with crack effectively.
Site Rolling Test on Gravel Materials of Yutan Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Yan Yi , Wang Xiao Hui , Liu Qi Wang
Published: September 2013

For recognizing the characteristics of sandstone and mudstone which are the representative materials of soft rock, the site rolling test are conducted in Yutan reservoir as example. In this paper, the influence factors on the dry density are discussed such as: filling thickness, rolling frequency, and exciting force and so on. Surface settlement also is analyzed. According to the research, dam rolling parameters are advised. The results can provide the basis for dam design and construction and also can provide reference for similar material site rolling test research.
Influence of Curing Age and Water-Binder Ratio on Chloride Permeability under Freeze-Thaw and Load
Authors: Hong Lei , Duo Run Min
Published: September 2013

The chloride diffusion coefficients of different water-binder ratio high performance concrete (HPC) subjected to different one-way loads，freeze-thaw cycles and different standard curing ages were measured by electro-migration (RCM) tests and the results were analyzed. The test results indicate that with the increase of one-way load, its influence on the chloride permeability of different water-binder ratio HPC rises in the same proportion. The influence of the curing age on the chloride permeability of HPC will decrease with the reduction of the water-binder ratio of HPC. Under the same freeze-thaw cycle conditions, the relationships between chloride diffusion coefficients of different water-binder ratio HPC and curing ages are nearly suitable to power function.
The Application of Ground Granulated Blast Slag in Soft Soil Treatment
Authors: Shao Li , Liu Long , Tao Yi Min , Lou Ling Miao
Published: September 2013

The characters, research and utilization of Ground Granulated Blast Slag are presented in this paper. Some current use of GGBS in soft soil treatment is introduced. In addition, the paper also focuses on the comparative analysis of the effects of GGBS and Lime Stabilization which is the traditional method in soft soil treatment on compaction characteristics & Atterberg limits. Next, the strength mechanism of GGBS, a kind of Soli Stabilizer applied in soft soil treatment, is mainly explained and also the validity of GGBS has been proved. All of these indicate that GGBS has the superiority of social benefit, economic benefit and environmental benefit in soft soil treatment.
Experimental Study on Improving Concrete Sulfate Attack Resistance Ability with Silane Impregnation
Authors: Huang Zhi De
Published: September 2013

Silane impregnation effects on concrete sulfate attack resistance ability are systemic researched, through forming different cementitious material system and different water cement ratio mortar specimens, treating with silane impregnation and then curing to 14d age naturally, and doing sulfate solution wetting-drying test. Results shows that silane impregnation effect is poor when fly ash amount is large or water gel is relatively low. Through XRD microscopic, the improving sulfate attack resistance ability mechanisms are analyzed from aspect of cementations material hydration product; water-binder ratio effect on silane impregnation is explained by water absorption test.
Study the Relationship between the Concrete Strength Added Water Reducer and Water-Cement Ratio
Authors: Gao Peng , Jiang Chen Yu
Published: September 2013

Abstract: Efficient water reducer plays a key role in the allocation of high performance concrete. The experiment uses four grades concrete of C15, C20, C25 and C30 by setting the different water-cement ratio. Each grade is divided into adding water reducing agent and not adding.To test the concrete strength of eight groups by testing compressive strength gains the relationship between the concrete strength added water reducer and water-cement ratio. Through processing experimental data, to get the role water reducer played in conditions of different water cement ratio. What’s more, to gain the corresponding quantitative calculation formula by exerting the regression analysis.
Testing for the Influence of the Degree of Water Saturation of Concrete upon Chloride Diffusivity
Authors: Le Van Tuan , Zheng Yong Lai , Deng Shu Xin
Published: September 2013

In order to estimate the impact of the degree of water saturation of concrete to chloride ion diffusion coefficient, the experimental setup allows to measure chloride diffusion coefficient through nonsaturated concrete specimens with controlled degree of water saturated. The different degrees of water saturation of concrete specimens were obtained, by using saturated solutions of NaCl and KCl controlling the relative humidity, then applied Rapid Cloride Permeability Test method to measure the cloride diffusion coefficient. The test results show that chloride diffusion coefficient depends strongly on the degree of water saturation of concrete. Beside, this relationship shows the non-linear relationship, in which, chloride diffusion coefficient reachs the maximum value in fully saturated concrete specimens.
Study on Qingdao Bay Bridge Pier Concrete Anti Cl- Permeability Change Law and Structural Durability Analysis
Authors: Huang Zhi De
Published: September 2013

Entity structure concrete chloride ion permeability resistance change law were studied, relying on Qingdao Bay Bridge project, using entity structure concrete specimen under the same condition maintenance, using RCM method test diffusion coefficient at the age of 28d,60d,90d,1y and 2y. Different mixture concrete chloride ion permeability resistance change law were Interoperated in essence, combining with cementitious materials hydration mechanism.
Physical Nonlinearity and Anisotropic Features of Materials in Structure Analysis
Authors: Blokhina Nina S.
Published: September 2013

A justified assessment of the work of constructions and their elements should take into account physical and mechanical characteristics of construction materials. Although taking physical nonlinearity and anisotropic features into consideration will make the design more complicated, it is strongly needed to develop tools and methods that cover all the specific features of the material more precisely. Mathematical methods of construction design that take physical nonlinearity into account are quite well investigated. They are: Newton Raphson method; modified Newton Raphson method which differs from the original version by the fact that the stiffness matrix has to be calculated only once at the first iteration and remains the same for several further iterations and steps of load; the method of growing stiffness which is quite efficient in dealing with problems of physical nonlinearity, and so on. But certain difficulties appear as we consider these problems from the point of view of physics: the majority of strength and plastic-yield criteria are not implemented in design process yet. That is caused by complicated mathematics and a need for more experiment in order to determine the constants in use.
The Green Materials Fabrication and Advanced Molds Design
Authors: Chen Chien Chon , Jheng Wern Dare , Huang Ker Jer , Lin Jin Shyong
Published: September 2013

The green materials of alumina (Al2O3) and titania (TiO2) are to be well received in the modern building. Control of fabrication parameters when preparing small-scale samples for academic research is not difficult. In mass production environments, however, maintenance of the stable parameters becomes the critical issues. An advance mold design may overcome the issues. In this article, we design the convenience molds that can maintain a constant current density and to facilitate the occurrence of electrochemical reactions in designated areas. The high quality and functional green building materials can therefore be easily fabricated.
Mechanical Evaluation of Concrete Containing Lightweight Aggregates
Authors: Angelin Andressa Fernanda , Ribeiro Lubienska Cristina L.J. , Pires Marta Siviero Guilherme , Jacintho Ana Elisabete P.G.A. , Lintz Rosa Cristina Cecche , Gachet-Barbosa Luisa Andréia
Published: September 2013

Since the invention of modern concrete, in the mid-nineteenth century until the early 80s, the concrete remained a mixture of aggregate, cement and water, with no major innovations that significantly alter the performance of its properties. But in recent decades, concrete technology has undergone tremendous development that has occurred due to the development of techniques and equipment for the study of the concrete and the use of new materials.The concrete with lightweight aggregate have been used, mainly due to the low values of density, thus demonstrating the great potential of using this material in several areas of construction [.With the objective of analyzing the influence of the consumption of cement in conventional concrete and light, were molded, tested and compared body-of-evidence containing two different values of cement consumption. The values were compared with those obtained by other researchers, as well as with the ABNT NBR 6118:2003 [ and ACI 213R-03:2003 [.
Study on Thawing Settlement under Dynamic Loading in 109th National Highway
Authors: Shi Feng , Liu Jian Kun , Du Yan
Published: September 2013

The thawing settlement related problems in 109th national highway in Qinghai province were analyzed in this paper, experiment tests were conducted to investigate the behavior of subgrade under dynamic loading during thawing, a numerical simulation for the tests were also conducted. Both the tested and simulated results were analyzed and summarized.
Study on Chloride Ion Penetration for Concrete Structures in Zhunhai Area
Authors: Wan Yi , Yu Zhi Wu , Liu Peng
Published: September 2013

The chloride concentration distribution is an efficient method of evaluating corrosion characteristics of concrete structures.A number of concrete samples at various positions were drilled in Zhuhai area and the free chloride concentration of concrete were determinated.Besides,the influences of elevations,distances from the sea and the local environment on chloride were analyzed.The value of chloride diffusion coefficient and surface chloride ion concentration along various elevation at the sea were calculated according to Fick's second law.The results show that chloride's erosion aciton tends to reduction with elevation and it is the most serious at an elevation of 1 meter for concrete by the sea.There is the large convective depth in alternate wetting-dry ares.Whereas it is just about 0.02%-0.05% on the road,at the distance of 15 kilometers from the seafront,which indicates that the father away from the seafront,the weaker chloride's erosion action becomes.
Existing Form and Causes of Bay Facies Organic Sand
Authors: Yi Jun , Wei Hong
Published: September 2013

Recent years, massive projects construct in coastal zone in china , but soil in these coastal areas often contain organic matter.And the high levels of organic matter reduced soil strength which consolidated by concrete mixing pile.This paper take the organic sand as the research object,analysis the formation of such organic sand by electron microscopy scanning and indoor experiments.
Broadening Design and Preparation of MDF Absorber for Electromagnetic Pollution Control in S-Band
Authors: Hao Wan Jun , Wang Ming Ming , Zhang Yue Fang , Wu Fan , Chen Dong Wei , Zhao Hui Chao , Dong Yi Feng , Yi Ying Ying
Published: September 2013

This paper reported a new type MDF absorber of high absorption and Broadband was successfully prepared, according to the Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Theory, by means of the theoretical design and simulation analysis by using MDF as the dielectric material and And with the resistance film composite. Results shown that the resistance of resistive film was 195Ω/□, the monolayer combined sample with thickness as 1.4cm in 2~4 GHz frequency bands, the range of absorbing over -20dB could achieve 50%, and all absorption could exceed -15dB in the whole S-band, the maximum absorption peak was -25dB, moreover, the absorption bandwidth of MDF was more than λ/4 Type EWM-absorber. The new materials could be used to improve residential electromagnetic environment and control pollution.
Experimental Research on Tensile Strength Reduction of Concrete Caused by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Dai Jun , Cao Dong
Published: September 2013

In order to understand the law on concrete degradation induced by microwave irradiation, the experimental research is conducted in which the following works are completed. At first, the different concrete specimens are exposed to microwave of various power levels for various time periods, and then some specimen irradiated by microwave are cooled in air, the other cooled by spraying water. After that, the tensile strengths of the heated and unheated specimens are measured with Brazilian test method. According to the test results, the reduction of tensile strength of plain concrete and steel-fiber reinforced concrete induced by microwave irradiation is analyzed, and the relations between the tensile strength reduction and the microwave exposure time and the effect of microwave power level on the residual tensile strength of concrete are obtained. The experimental research shows that the tensile strength reduction of concrete induced by microwave irradiation is dependent on the concrete component, microwave exposure time, microwave power level, and cooling method after irradiation. It is expected that the findings in the paper will become the basis of the future research of concrete and rock degradation induced by microwave irradiation, and will aim in searching the new method of breaking concrete and rock more efficiently.
Microscopic Analysis on Modified Rubber Mortar Performance
Authors: Dong Su Fen , Hao Run Xia
Published: September 2013

The waste rubber powder application key technology in cement based materials is to solve the rubber and cement based materials interface bonding problem. NaOH, PVA and KH560 modified rubber powder is added to the rubber mortar. The test results show that, KH560 modified rubber mortar compressive strength increased by 7.4% compared to the unmodified rubber mortar; NaOH modified rubber mortar flexural strength increased by16.7% compared to the unmodified rubber mortar; Compressive and flexural strength ratio lower 37.9%. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectra are analyzed from the test results microscopic aspect.
Factorial Design Approach of Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Authors: Long Wu Jian , Wang Wei Lun , Luo Qi Ling , Dong Bi Qin
Published: September 2013

In order to understand the influence of mixture parameters on ultra-high strength self-consolidating concrete (UHS-SCC) behaviour, an experimental design was carried out in this investigation. In total, 19 SCC mixtures were prepared to determine several key responses that affect the slump flow and compressive strength of UHS-SCC. The statistical models derived from the factorial design approach can be used to quantify the effect of mixture parameters and their coupled effects on fresh and mechanical properties of SCC.
Properties of Sand Grout with Iron Ore Tailings as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Li Xiao Guang , Bao Yi Lun , Jing Shuai Shuai , Ma Yu Ping
Published: September 2013

Innovative researches on properties of sand grout with iron ore tailings (IOT) as fine aggregate were conducted. The results show that exclusive ferrous mineral in the IOT is merrihueite beside quartz in both IOT and nature sand (NS). IOT have similar thermal stability with NS. Sand grout with IOT has higher compressive strengths resulted from existence of ferrous minerals and more complex morphology of particles. However, size shrinkage of the sand grout slightly increases to 0.09% of initial testing specimen. It is feasible that IOT as fine aggregate can be used to produce sand grout.
Mechanical Property Study of Brine Corroded High Performance Concrete (HPC)
Authors: Gao Peng , Yu Hongfa
Published: September 2013

4 kinds of mix proportion High performance concrete (HPC) was manufactured, whose material was produced from Inner Mongolia areas. The compressive strength and the flexural strength of HPC were obtained by the Brine Corrosion experiments. And the resistance to corrosion of HPC was analyzed by the data of Brine Corrosion experiment. Furthermore, the concrete standard curing age of HPC samples was adopted as 28d and 90d, which could impact the resistance of high performance concrete in salt brine corrosion environment. It was turned out that 4 kinds of mix proportion HPC produced a good resistance in salt brine corrosion environment. And the longer the concrete standard curing age was adopted, the better resistance in salt brine corrosion environment of HPC could produce.
Research and Application of Geopolymer Cementitious Material Progress and Review
Authors: Ou Zhong Wen , Zhou Shang Yong , Xu Chun Xia , Zhang Yi , Yang Jin Chao , Li Yue Xia
Published: September 2013

Study on the geopolymers has been a history of nearly 40 years, because of its huge comparative advantage and attractive prospect, has become a hot research field of international materials.In this paper, based on the history and the present status of geopolymers cementitious materials development, summarized geopolymer cementitious material in the selection of raw materials, the activation agent development,preparation process research, cementitious material properties, mechanical properties, durability and engineering applications. progress made and trends.On this basis, expounded the problem of large-scale widely used the geopolymers need to continue to address, and pointed out the direction for its further research and application.
Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Using Densified Silica Fume
Authors: Prasertlar Krit , Chaimoon Krit
Published: September 2013

This paper presents some experimental results on the physical and mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) using two different characteristics of densified silica fume (f1 and f2). The silica fume/cement ratio (f/c) varied from 15% to 35% by weight. The flow, the micromorphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the compressive strength at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days were studied. The effects of the silica fume agglomerations on the properties of the RPC were considered and discussed. The test results indicated that the properties of RPC depended on the type of silica fume, amount of silica fume and amount of superplasticizer used.
Richt Equation Arithmetic Used on Mixed Filter of Monitored Slope Deformation Data
Authors: Mao Ya Chun , Sha Cheng Man , Liu Xue Lin
Published: September 2013

Assuming the noise from the composition of the white noise and non - white energy limited noise. H filter considers the worst condition of limited energy noise, but the influence of white noise was ignored. At the noise signal and the system norm based on the analysis, using the hybrid filter optimization index J as the optimization goal, and its physical meaning is given. Considering the merit and defect of the H2 and H filter scheme, the filter by Riccati equation solution was established. A simulation example was shown at last.
Key words: Mixed filter; Slope deformation monitoring ; Filtering estimation error; Riccati equation
Accuracy Analysis of Highway Engineering Structure Point Position Surveyed with Total Station
Authors: Sun Heng
Published: September 2013

Technical requirements for a total station (TS) survey of highway engineering structure point positions were investigated according to the accuracy estimation of the error theory. First, an analytic model for the TS 3-D surveying accuracy was established, then, through analyses of various errors caused in operational processes, the accuracies of horizontally and vertically surveyed point positions were estimated, respectively, in different surveying conditions; and lastly referring to the construction errors allowable for different positions of highway engineering structures, the relevant technical requirements for the TS 3-D surveying operation were presented.
Concrete Crack Control in Monolithic Concrete Bed Construction of High-Speed Railway in Northwest Area of China
Authors: Tang Xian Xi , Zhu Yan Peng , Tang Xian Zhou , Guo Wei
Published: September 2013

There were some reasons which cause the concrete cracks in monolithic concrete bed construction of high-speed railway. In this paper, combined with the specific situation of monolithic concrete bed construction of high-speed railway in northwest area of China, the states and causes of two kinds of cracks in monolithic concrete bed of high-speed railway were analyzed, the concrete cracking control measures were discussed from the concrete mixture ratio, construction technology and maintenance measures and other aspects, and the corresponding views were put forward. The study results had the important guiding significance on crack controls of concrete structure during the construction process of northwest area.
Site Measurement of Modularized Low-Position Hydraulic Jacking Formwork System
Authors: Zhou Ji Zhong , Liao Ming Pi , Zhuang Jin Ping , Lin Qi , Cai Xue Feng
Published: September 2013

Jacking formwork system has been widely used in the construction of tall buildings and modularized low-position jacking steel platform formwork system is made up of several assembled and turnover subsystems, including steel truss platform system, steel columns supporting system, formwork and rack system, two-way-acting hydraulic jack and its control system.The paper described the application of the system in Fuzhou Yu Yang Central Golden Plaza Project and construction site monitoring were conducted. According to the site monitoring result, the performance of the jacking formwork system is further illustrated. In the end some suggestions were put forward to ensure construction safet .
Construction of Qiansimen Birdge - Partial Cable-Stayed Bridge with Steel Truss Girder
Authors: Zhang Yong Tao , Du Song , You Xin Peng , Peng Cheng Ming
Published: September 2013

Qiansimen Bridge is a partial cable-stayed bridge with steel truss girder under building in Chongqing city, China, which will carry 4 vehicle lanes and 2 urban rails. Several general erection schemes of the steel truss are proposed and compared. Based on this, the erection scheme of steel truss at the non-cable area near the tower, the side span area and of the standard segment are discussed, which could be referred by for similar engineering.
Rammed Earth Construction: A Sustainable Architecture
Authors: Lu Xiang Ting , Liu Yuan Ping
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Present concerns for sustainable development have led to a revival of Rammed earth construction using natural or recycled resources. In human history, rammed earth constructions has a long history and wide application. The rammed earth construction is a symbol of the coexistence between mankind and nature, and especially with today’s energy depletion and environmental degradation, it became the focus of attention for its excellent function. The factors contributing to raw soil construction’s bleak prospect are that architect rarely focus on the rammed earth buildings and lack of people to participate in construction system. Since the sustainable development has been a theme of contemporary society, architect and engineer should pain more attention to the rammed earth construction.
Parallelization Development Method and Realization for a FEM Simulation Program
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Guo Xin , Liu Yi , Pan Hai Lin
Published: September 2013

The parallel computation of equation sets solution are crucial for finite element analysis. The paper discussed the key technology of FEM parallelization and the parallelization strategy for the FEM program is given; and then discussed the Data structure of Aztec and how to call Aztec which consists of Krylov subspace iterative methods solvers and preconditioners; finally, the realization and testing of the Aztec-based finite element program parallelization was put forward. Test results show that there are high efficiency of this method which make the SapTis software more powerful, flexible and adaptable.
Moving Grid Method for Simulating Crack Propagation
Authors: Xu Shu Feng , Ma Huai Fa , Zhou Yong Fa
Published: September 2013

A moving grid nonlinear finite element method was used in this study to simulate crack propagation. The relevant elements were split along the direction of principal stress within the element and thus automatic optimization processing of local mesh was realized. We discussed the moving grid nonlinear finite element algorithm was proposed, compiled the corresponding script files based on the dedicated finite element language of Finite Element Program Generator (FEPG), and generate finite element source code programs according to the script files. Analyses show that the proposed moving grid finite element method is effective and feasible in crack propagation simulation.
Elastic-Plastic Equilibrium of a Hollow Cylinder from Inhomogeneous Perfectly Plastic Material
Authors: Andreev Vladimir I.
Published: September 2013

The paper presents the solution of elastic-plastic problem of the equilibrium of a thick-walled cylindrical shell under the influence of internal and external pressures. We consider a perfectly plastic material, elastic modulus and yield strength which are continuous functions of the radius. It is shown that plastic deformations may occur on both the inner surface of the shell and the inside of its wall. Defined stresses and strains in the elastic and plastic zones, as well the displacements in the shell until fracture.
A Study of Multi-Step Overfall Flows by Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Tang Jyh Haw , Sun Ming Kuan , Chen Ying
Published: September 2013

This paper proposes the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) for simulating the free surface flows in multi-step free overfalls. Motion of the free surface flows is represented with two-phased surface profiles by solving the Navier-Stokes equations. The fluid is considered to be incompressible and the dynamic and kinematic boundary conditions of free surface are described in an Eulerian coordinate system. In this simulation, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and continuous stress force (CSF) models in association of color function are incorporated for the determination of the interface between water and air. The simulation results from the LSFEM model are carefully verified for the unit-step free overfall case. The quantitative comparisons in terms of the parameters such as different inflow rates, reattached length, water height after the fall and critical depth with previous numerical results or experimental measurements are shown to be in good agreement. In order to understand more about the complicate free surface profile of a dual-step free overfall, the LSFEM model is simulated for different inflow rates. In comparison with the available experimental data, it is shown that the LSFEM can effectively simulate the multi-step free overfall flow phenomena. Our study presents some regression formula for the dual-step free overfall, it is hoped that these formula will be helpful for the engineering designs and applications.
Research on Influence of Loose Coverage Rock Fragment Distribution
Authors: Zhang Guo Jian , Wang De Zhong , Zhang Zhi Qiang
Published: September 2013

The sublevel caving mining method is widely applied in China's underground mines, in particular of iron mines. Its mining work is under the protection of loose coverage rock. The loose coverage rock is located in the stope for a long time, and its frequently squeezed from production blasting, impact effect and the colliding and breaking in the falling process, it comes into being a large number of powder and small pieces of rocks. The rock powder and small fragments have such characteristics-good mobility and strong permeability. With the increasement of mining depth, the rock powder and small fragments in the loose coverage rock will be earlier to reach the ores than the big fragments of the same level. As a result, ore dilution will prematurely appear. To better know the phenomenon, this paper explores ore dilution of different fragment distribution of loose coverage rock by physical simulation experimental method. The research results have certain guiding significance for the actual production of underground mines.
Parametric Modeling of Underground Powerhouse for Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Yin Rong Gang , Li Zhi Guo , She Hong Xiang , Zhang Jian Hai
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the modeling efficiency for finite element analysis pre-processing, a parametric modeling method of underground powerhouse for finite element analysis is proposed. By inputting the basic geometric parameters, different types of underground powerhouse models are built by using this method. The basic ideas, basic principle and the process of this parametric modeling are presented. And the parametric modeling procedure is coded by using VC++, interactive interface and display window are designed by using MFC and OpenGL. Finite element model of Houziyan underground powerhouse which is built by using the procedure proves that this method greatly improves the efficiency and precision of modeling.
The Model of Pump Head Data Mining Based on SVM
Authors: Ding Kai , Zhang Jin Hui , Zhu Xiao Xun
Published: September 2013

The curve of flow-head is one of the most important indicators to assess water pump performance. While it is difficult to get measured data in real condition and the data is very limited. The method of pump data mining based on support vector machine (SVM) is built due to its superiority in dealing with small sample event. The method is aimed at finding out the unknown data between measured data and drawing more accurate flow-head curve. It was found that the model of pump data mining based on SVM is much better than neural network when their curves are compared.
Stability Analysis of the Overhang Steel Liner of Circumfluence Hole in Surge Chamber of Jinping II Hydropower Station
Authors: Xu Gui Sheng , Guo Jian Qiang , Li Xin Xin
Published: September 2013

The overhang steel liner is designed for the asymmetry circumfluence hole in the differential surge chamber of Jinping II hydropower station, which is subjected to high hydrodynamic loads resulting from hydraulic transient processes. The maximum external water pressure on the overhang steel liner is about 40-50m head larger than the internal water pressure. Thus its thickness depends on the compressive resistance stability, which is studied in this paper by both the finite element method (ANSYS buckling analysis) and the critical external pressure formula of steel penstocks adopted in the design specification (Mises formula). The stability analysis of the overhang steel liner shows that the circular tube scheme is superior to the semicircle tube scheme and its wall thickness should be 24mm for safety reason. Comparative analysis between ANSYS and Mises formula shows that it is feasible to analyze the compressive resistance stability of overhang steel liner by using Mises formula if the length is considered in an appropriate manner.
Dynamic Analysis of Cartridge Style Pilot Relief Valves
Authors: Leng Jing Ping , Xing Ke Li , Zhang Ping Ping
Published: September 2013

The cartridge style pilot relief valve is widely used in construction machinery field owning to its compact structure. The damping orifice is variable, which improves the stability and impact resistance. What more, the valve can realize filling oil. This article tells the principle of the valve, and analyses its dynamic performance by power bond graph method and AMESim software, which concludes how the parameters impact on its dynamic performance, such as the main valve spool damping coefficient, damping orifice diameter, the pilot spring stiffness and so on.
Kinematics Analysis of Working Edge Point for Inner Disc Cutter in Cutterhead of Tunneling Machine
Authors: Wu Qi Xing , Ma Hong Wei
Published: September 2013

Based on the analysis of movement characteristics of inner disc cutter in tunneling machine cutterhead, a trajectory equation to describe the motion behavior of working edge point of inner disc cutter in the process of tunneling is derived by using the method of space coordinate transformation matrix. The trajectory equation mainly considers the parameters of position variables of disc cutter, cutter radius, cutterhead rotating speed and advance speed.
The Prediction of Wellhead Pressure of Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Shen Feng , Wu Zhou , Wang Nan , Li Yong Ming
Published: September 2013

The accurate prediction of wellhead pressure in process of hydraulic fracturing is a keypoint to guide the design and construction of the fracturing, and does help in choosing appropriate wellhead equipment and pipeline. This paper calculates the formation breakdown pressure by using a self-made formation stress calculation software, analyzes perforation friction and near-wellbore friction on the basis of Michael theory, eatablishes a model of wellbore friction through Darcy-Weisbach equation and the momentum interaction theory of two-phase flow, and according to the composition of wellhead pressure, makes calculation software which can also analyze the influencing factor of wellbore friction, such as delivery rate, pipe diameter, fracturing fluid density and proppant size. Finally, case analysis verifies the accuracy of the computing method.
Staging, Formalization and Typing of Project Procedures and Processes of the Industrial Production
Authors: Kulikov Vladimir G. , Kagan Pavel B. , Sukneva Luiza V.
Published: September 2013

The sequence of the technological process of the fabrication of the building materials and components is connected with organization molding process. Forming technology node is enough large organized because of using complex of the technological equipment. The technological semantics of the brought process production can be explained and in further formalized.
The Establishment of EPC General Contractor Risk Evaluation Model Based on Extension Matter-Element Theory
Authors: Chen Wei Ke , Ge Qing Wei , Yu Peng
Published: September 2013

Due to the wide scope, many participants and long construction time of project, the risk of EPC general contracting is far greater than the common engineering contracting. So it needs objective, accurate and reasonable evaluation. Through the EPC contracting risk evaluation index and extension analysis and correlation functions, this study establish the Extension Element model which contributes to evaluate the risk of EPC contracting. On the other hand, this paper put forward objective and comprehensive risk evaluation results and the level of risk to assist decision makers.
Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Method Based on SWOT Theory in Project Risk Evaluation
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Guo Ying
Published: September 2013

It is desired to solve the problem of facing risks and lack of clear identification method as well as evaluation standard in construction enterprises. The paper is concerned with the analysis of identifying risks by using SWOT technique. Particular attention is given to SWOT factors with the view to adopt the combination of quality and quantity analysis, which is carried out on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. It proposes an approach to overcome the disadvantages of analytic hierarchy process. At the same time it is intended to avoid risks in projects. In the light of combining with engineering examples, a detailed introduction of SWOT is made regarding the decision-making process by means of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process.