bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harmful or Helpful? A Systematic Review of How Those Bereaved Through Suicide Experience Research Participation
Authors: Andriessen Karl , Krysinska Karolina , Draper Brian , Dudley Michael , Mitchell Philip B.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Background: Many of the bereaved through suicide are interested in participating in postvention studies. However, there is a contradiction between the positive experiences of research participation and concerns raised by ethical boards. Aims: To review studies on the experience of research participation by those bereaved through suicide, including initial contact with the study and its short- and long-term impacts. Method: Systematic searches in Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, as well as Google Scholar identified 12 papers reporting on 11 studies. Results: The majority (73–100%) of study participants evaluated participation positively, and would recommend it to others (90–100%), as it was related to altruism, social support, and personal growth. A minority experienced participation as negative (2–10%) or upsetting (5–22%) due to feelings of guilt or painful memories. However, having a painful experience does not preclude seeing it as helpful. Limitations: Most studies concerned face-to-face psychological autopsy studies, and only two studies included a control group. Conclusion: Research applying standardized measures may enhance our understanding of the factors germane to (non-)participation and to the likelihood of a positive/negative research experience. Vigilant recruitment and providing optimum care for participants are indicated. Further research may continue to improve participant safety and the research design of suicide bereavement studies.
Correction: Corrigendum: Control of Radiative Exciton Recombination by Charge Transfer Induced Surface Dipoles in MoS2 and WS2 Monolayers
Authors: Hu Peng , Ye Jun , He Xuexia , Du Kezhao , Zhang Keke K. , Wang Xingzhi , Xiong Qihua , Liu Zheng , Jiang Hui , Kloc Christian
Published: April 2018

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 24105; published online: 07 April 2016; updated: 05 April 2018. This article contains an error in Figure 2, where the same image was inadvertently shown in both panel (a) and (b). The correct Figure 2 appears below:
Maintenance of the spheroid organization and properties of glandular progenitor cells by fabricated chitosan based biomaterials
Authors: Lee Hao-Wei , Hsiao Ya-Chuan , Young Tai-Horng , Yang Tsung-Lin
Published: April 2018

Chitosan maintains the primitive structures and properties of salispheresin vitrofor potential therapy of dysfunctional salivary glands.
Voltage and partial pressure dependent defect chemistry in (La,Sr)FeO3−δ thin films investigated by chemical capacitance measurements
Authors: Schmid Alexander , Rupp Ghislain M. , Fleig Jürgen
Published: April 2018

Chemical capacitance measurements are used to study the defect chemistry of La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ thin films and their polarization (η) and pO2 dependence. Important point defects are oxygen vacancies (), electrons (e′) and holes (h˙).
An increase in hydrogen production from light and ethanol using a dual scale porosity photocatalyst
Authors: Chen Y. X. , Gombac V. , Montini T. , Lavacchi A. , Filippi J. , Miller H. A. , Fornasiero P. , Vizza F.
Published: April 2018

The stable photocatalytic production of hydrogen is demonstrated under simulated solar irradiation from the aqueous solutions of ethanol over a dual porosity 3D TiO2 nanotube array (TNTA).
Preparation of porous carbon electrodes from semen cassiae for high-performance electric double-layer capacitors
Authors: Wei Ji-Shi , Wan Suige , Zhang Peng , Ding Hui , Chen Xiao-Bo , Xiong Huan-Ming , Gao Shuyan , Wei Xianjun
Published: April 2018

A mild and effective activation process for high-performance carbon based electric double-layer capacitors.
The production of an efficient visible light photocatalyst for CO oxidation through the surface plasmonic effect of Ag nanoparticles on SiO2@α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites
Authors: Uma Kasimayan , Chen Shih-Wen , Arjun Nadarajan , Pan Guan-Ting , Yang Thomas C.-K.
Published: April 2018

We present a systematic investigation of CO oxidation and surface plasmon resonance on SiO2@α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite spheres with different weight percentages of Ag nanoparticles.
Non-equilibrium phase transition in a model for supercoiling-dependent DNA transcription
Authors: Bentivoglio A. , Ancona M. , Brackley C. A. , Gonnella G. , Marenduzzo D.
Published: April 2018

We study a variant of a recently proposed non-equilibrium stochastic model for supercoiling-dependent transcription in DNA.
The effect of alkyl chain length on the structure and thermodynamics of protic–aprotic ionic liquid mixtures: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Docampo-Álvarez Borja , Gómez-González Víctor , Méndez-Morales Trinidad , Rodríguez Julio R. , Cabeza Oscar , Turmine Mireille , Gallego Luis J. , Varela Luis M.
Published: April 2018

Mixtures of protic and aprotic ionic liquids exhibit non-ideal behavior with increasing alkyl chain length, caused by the formation of molecular complexes.
Micellar confinement disrupts collective structure and accelerates collective dynamics of encapsulated water
Authors: Honegger Philipp , Schmollngruber Michael , Steinhauser Othmar
Published: April 2018

Detailed numerical study of the dielectric spectrum of zwitterionic reverse micelles is combined with interpretation using a new semi-quantitative analytical model.
Correction: Origin of the temperature dependence of the energy gap in Cr-doped Bi2Se3
Authors: Yilmaz Turgut , Hines William , Alraddadi Shoroog , Budnick Joseph I. , Sinkovic Boris
Published: April 2018

Correction for ‘Origin of the temperature dependence of the energy gap in Cr-doped Bi2Se3’ by Turgut Yilmaz et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08049b.
In situ preparation of MgCo2O4 nanosheets on Ni-foam as a binder-free electrode for high performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Vijayakumar Subbukalai , Nagamuthu Sadayappan , Ryu Kwang-Sun
Published: April 2018

MgCo2O4 nanosheets grown on Ni-foam exhibited a maximum specific capacity of 947 C g−1 at 2 A g−1.
Toward high-efficiency, hysteresis-less, stable perovskite solar cells: unusual doping of a hole-transporting material using a fluorine-containing hydrophobic Lewis acid
Authors: Luo Junsheng , Xia Jianxing , Yang Hua , Chen Lingling , Wan Zhongquan , Han Fei , Malik Haseeb Ashraf , Zhu Xuhui , Jia Chunyang
Published: April 2018

A fluorine-containing hydrophobic Lewis acid is employed as an effective dopant for PTAA to replace state-of-the-art Li-TFSI/t-BP in PSCs.
Development of paper-based chemosensor for the detection of mercury ions using mono- and tetra-sulfur bearing phenanthridines
Authors: Ponram Marimuthu , Balijapalli Umamahesh , Sambath Baskaran , Iyer Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu , B Venkatachalapathy , Cingaram Ravichandran , Natesan Sundaramurthy Karthikeyan
Published: April 2018

A new sulfur-bearing phenanthridine probes were synthesized and examined for their cation recognition abilities towards different cations in aqueous ACN solution and paper strips.
Phosphorization boosts the capacitance of mixed metal nanosheet arrays for high performance supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Lan Yingying , Zhao Hongyang , Zong Yan , Li Xinghua , Sun Yong , Feng Juan , Wang Yan , Zheng Xinliang , Du Yaping
Published: April 2018

Porous binary nickel–cobalt phosphide nanosheet arrays anchored on nickel foam are rationally designed as self-supported binder-free electrodes for superior supercapacitors.
Characterization of CMC–LDH beads and their application in the removal of Cr(vi) from aqueous solution
Authors: Tan Li , Li Hailong , Liu Mengru
Published: April 2018

CMC–LDH beads were prepared, characterized and applied for the removal of heavy metal ions in this study.
Enhanced photoelectric performance of CdS/CdSe co-sensitized TiO2 nanosheets array films
Authors: Liu Tie , Wang Jun , Liu Li , Feng Shuang , Su Pengyu , Yang Haibin , Fu Wuyou
Published: April 2018

A vertically aligned TiO2NSs array film with large surface area can effectively ensure uniform and sufficient coverage of CdS and CdSe on the surface of the TiO2 film.
Effekte eines hochintensiven Intervalltrainings in der Ebene und in ansteigendem Gelände hinsichtlich der physischen Leistungsfähigkeit
Authors: Marterer Natalie , Menz Verena , Burtscher Martin
Published: April 2018

Hintergrund Mit Zunahme hochintensiven Intervalltrainings (HIIT) im Breiten- und Leistungssport steigt das Verletzungs- und Überlastungsrisiko. Für die Effektivität eines HIITs in ansteigendem Gelände (bergauf) fehlen wissenschaftliche Evidenz und verlässliche Angaben für Intensität, Dauer und Steigungsgrad. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, die Belastungsverträglichkeit und Leistungsveränderungen (VO2max und 800 m-Laufzeit in der Ebene und bergauf) durch HIIT in der Ebene und in ansteigendem Gelände zu vergleichen.

Probanden und Methoden An der Untersuchung nahmen insgesamt 17 gut trainierte SportstudentInnen (Ø VO2max von 53,7 ml/min/kg) teil, die randomisiert in die Gruppen Ebene (GE; n = 8) und Berg (GB; n = 9) eingeteilt wurden. Die Probanden beider Gruppen absolvierten innerhalb von 4 Wochen 14 HIIT-Einheiten in ansteigendem Gelände (GB) oder in der Ebene (GE). Jede HIIT-Einheit bestand aus 8 × 2 min-Läufen bei 90 – 95 % der maximalen Herzfrequenz (HFmax) bei einer Work/ Rest-Ratio von 1:1. Die Vor- und Nachtests (VT) bestanden aus einer Spirometrie auf dem Laufband und 800 m-Lauftests in der Ebene und in ansteigendem Gelände. Nach der Intervention haben alle ProbandInnen anhand der BORG-Skala das individuelle Belastungsempfinden beurteilt.

Ergebnisse In der GE konnten 3 Probanden ihr Training aufgrund von Überlastungssymptomen nicht zu Ende bringen, in der GB 2 Probanden aus zeitlichen Gründen. Bei der Auswertung des Belastungsempfindens war eine Tendenz (p = 0,08; t = – 1,96) erkennbar, dass das Training in der Ebene als anstrengender empfunden wurde. Durch ein vierwöchiges HIIT hat sich die VO2max durchschnittlich um 5,2 % (p = 0,02; t = – 2,76), die 800 m-Zeit in der Ebene um 4,6 % (p = 0,01; t = 3,48) und die 800 m-Zeit in ansteigendem Gelände um 6,3 % (p = 0,02; t = 2,77) signifikant verbessert. Es konnte kein signifikanter Gruppeneffekt festgestellt werden.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Diese Untersuchung ist ein weiteres Beispiel dafür, dass sich die sportartspezifische Leistungsfähigkeit gut trainierter Athleten nach einem HIIT signifikant verbessert. Die Verbesserung der Laufleistungen unterscheidet sich nicht zwischen den Trainingsgruppen (Bergauf vs. Ebene). Bedeutsam ist die Beobachtung, dass Bergauf-HIITs tendenziell besser verträglich waren als HIITs in der Ebene.
Neue Wege der Klassifikation von Persönlichkeitsstörungen in ICD-11
Authors: Herpertz Sabine C
Published: April 2018

Ausgehend von der derzeit noch gültigen ICD-10-Klassifikation der Persönlichkeitsstörungen wird der von der WHO initiierte und geführte Entwicklungsprozess hin
zu einer grundsätzlichen Neukonzeptionierung von Persönlichkeitsstörungen dargestellt. Aus einer kategorialen Klassifikation von Differentialtypen auf der Basis
polythetischer Kriterienlisten wird eine weitgehend dimensionale Klassifikation werden, die im Falle der Erfüllung der Allgemeinen Kriterien einer
Persönlichkeitsstörung drei Schweregrade unterscheidet und zur näheren Beschreibung fünf Persönlichkeitsdomänen heranzieht. Nach einem ersten Entwurf, der von
der ICD-11 Arbeitsgruppe zu Persönlichkeitsstörungen ausgearbeitet wurde, liegt inzwischen ein zweiter Entwurf vor, der Anregungen der Internationalen
Gesellschaften zur Beforschung von Persönlichkeitsstörungen aufgenommen hat. Dieser beschreibt die Schweregrade mit einem höheren Systematisierungsgrad, indem
er sich an Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen des Selbst und der interpersonellen Beziehungsgestaltung orientiert, Symptome bezüglich der Emotionalität, der Kognition
und des Verhaltens spezifiziert und schließlich die psychosozialen Auswirkungen, also in welchem Maße die Probleme die verschiedenen situativen Kontexte
durchzieht, bewertet.
In Vitro Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitory, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Alkaloids from the Seeds of Nigella glandulifera
Authors: Gao Jun-Bo , Zhang Xing-Jie , Zhang Rui-Han , Zhu Li-Li , Pu De-Bing , Li Xiao-Li , Li Hong-Lin , Xu Min , Xiao Wei-Lie
Published: April 2018

Four new dolabellane-type diterpene alkaloids, glandulamines A – D (1 – 4), together with twelve known compounds (5 – 16), were isolated from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera using repeated column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. The structures of 1 – 16 were elucidated based on NMR data analysis, HRMS experiments and other spectroscopic interpretations. The absolute configuration of 5 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for the first time. Compounds 10 and 12 showed human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 61.1 ± 5.3 and 45.9 ± 3.0 µM, respectively. Molecular docking of the active compound 12 and positive control teriflunomide on the inhibitor-binding site of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase was subsequently performed to visualize the interaction pattern. In addition, compounds 8 and 10 exhibited inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production with inhibition rates of 61 and 41%, respectively, at the concentration of 10 µM. Compounds 9 and 12 showed cytotoxic activities with cell viability varying from 29 ~ 57% at 100 µM against T98G, U87, U251, and GL261 glioma cancer cell lines. These data provide new insights on the pharmacologically active compounds of this plant widely used in folk medicine.
ALS-Mimics
Authors: Hansel Anna , Dorst Johannes , Rosenbohm Angela , Hübers Annemarie , Ludolph Albert
Published: April 2018

Die amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) ist eine degenerative Erkrankung des motorischen Nervensystems, die mangels kurativer Therapieansätze binnen 3 – 5 Jahren letal verläuft. Eine definitive Diagnosestellung wird aufgrund des oft erst spät im Krankheitsverlauf zur Ausprägung kommenden klassischen Bildes einer ALS häufig verzögert. Einige Krankheitsentitäten können insbesondere in den Anfangsstadien mit einer ALS verwechselt werden. Eine sichere Unterscheidung ist jedoch aufgrund der – im Gegensatz zur ALS – teilweise vorliegenden kausalen Therapiemöglichkeiten essenziell. Da die ALS durch das Vorliegen von Schädigungszeichen des ersten und zweiten Motoneurons charakterisiert ist, sind insbesondere Krankheiten, die diese Merkmale mit der ALS teilen, von Bedeutung. Als Differenzialdiagnose einer ALS mit Betonung des zweiten Motoneurons zu nennen sind: Die immunvermittelten Neuropathien wie die multifokale motorische Neuropathie (MMN) mit ausgeprägten, v. a. distalen Paresen ohne starke Atrophie und dem Nachweis von proximalen Leitungsblöcken in der Elektroneurografie sowie die chronisch inflammatorische demyelinisierende Polyradikuloneuropathie (CIDP), bei der sich im Gegensatz zur ALS häufig Sensibilitätsstörungen und eine Areflexie finden sowie als liquordiagnostisches Merkmal eine zytoalbuminäre Dissoziation vorliegt. Weiterhin die sporadische Einschlusskörperchenmyositis (sIBM), bei der sich typische Biopsiebefunde sowie klinisch ein hauptsächlicher Befall der Fingerflexoren finden und die spinobulbäre Muskelatrophie Typ Kennedy (SBMA), bei der durch die Bestimmung des Androgenrezeptor-(AR-)Gens eine klare Abgrenzung zur ALS getroffen werden kann sowie klinisch Zeichen einer peripheren Androgenresistenz imponieren. Die monomelische Amyotrophie Hirayama zeigt Kälteparesen, ein MRT der HWS sowie eine unauffällige Neurografie sichern die Diagnose. Bei den benignen Faszikulationen fehlen Paresen und Atrophien, im EMG zeigt sich im Gegensatz zur ALS keine pathologische Spontanaktivität. Bei der spinalen Muskelatrophie (SMA) hilft die SMN-Gen-Diagnostik bei der Differenzierung, zudem ist die Erkrankung im Erwachsenenalter sehr selten. Differenzialdiagnosen einer ALS mit z. T. nebeneinander vorkommender Affektion des ersten und zweiten Motoneurons sind metabolische Erkrankungen (Adrenoleukodystrophie, metachromatische Leukodystrophie, Tay-Sachs-Syndrom), hier stellt die Bestimmung der jeweiligen Laborparameter den wichtigsten diagnostischen Schritt dar. Auch eine zervikale Myelopathie kann Zeichen des ersten und zweiten Motoneurons bedingen, kann jedoch mittels MRT der HWS gut unterschieden werden. Als Differenzialdiagnose einer ALS mit Betonung des ersten Motoneurons behandeln wir zudem die hereditäre spastische Paraparese (HSP), die klinisch durch eine symmetrische Spastik der Beine auffällt, im MRT meist eine Atrophie des Myelons zeigt und mittels SPG-Gendiagnostik von der ALS differenziert werden kann.
Physio- und Ergotherapie in der Akut-Neurologie
Authors: Seitz Rüdiger , Kolman Aschwin , Kraft-Kornwinkel Birgit , Robbers Sabine
Published: April 2018

Ein integraler Bestandteil der Behandlung neurologischer Patienten ist die Therapie von Funktionsstörungen, die durch neurologische Krankheiten wie z. B. einen Schlaganfall hervorgerufen werden. Das Therapieziel der Physiotherapie besteht darin, bettlägerige Patienten durch aktive Bewegungs- und Gleichgewichtsübungen wieder zu mobilisieren und im Zusammenwirken mit ergotherapeutischen Übungsbehandlungen in die Lage zu versetzen, Verrichtungen alltagrelevanter Tätigkeiten möglichst selbstständig wieder ausführen zu können. Darüber hinaus wird durch multimodale aktiv-assistive Übungen sekundären Versteifungen bewegungseingeschränkter Gliedmaßen entgegengewirkt. Grundlage dieser Behandlungen sind neurophysiologisch basierte Modellvorstellungen über die postläsionelle Plastizität des Gehirns. Es wurden Skalen entwickelt, mit denen neurologische Funktionsstörungen und deren Rückbildung parametrisch und untersucherunabhängig erfasst werden können. Damit kann der Funktionszustand der Patienten dokumentiert und zwischen Behandlungseinrichtungen kommuniziert werden. Außerdem kann so die Effektivität physio- und ergotherapeutischer Maßnahmen in der Akut-Neurologie überprüft werden.
Schizophrenie und andere primäre psychotische Störungen in ICD-11
Authors: Zielasek Jürgen , Gaebel Wolfgang
Published: April 2018

Zur Entwicklung der 11. Revision der Internationalen Krankheitsklassifikation (International Classsification of Disorders, ICD-11) hat die
Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) für die Überarbeitung der Klassifikationskriterien der psychischen und Verhaltensstörungen eine systematische Vorgehensweise
mit einem Fokus auf der praktischen Anwendbarkeit der revidierten Klassifikationskriterien entwickelt. In diesem Rahmen wurden für alle Krankheitsgruppen
Arbeitsgruppen gebildet, die die wissenschaftliche Evidenz überprüften und auf dieser Grundlage Revisionsvorschläge erstellten. In einem öffentlichen
Beratungsprozess wurden diese Vorschläge geprüft, sodass jetzt präfinale revidierte Klassifikationskriterien vorliegen. Der Kapiteltitel wurde in „Schizophrenie
oder andere primäre psychotische Störungen“ geändert. Die klinischen Subtypen der Schizophrenie wurden durch für alle primären psychotischen Störungen gültige
Symptomspezifikatoren ersetzt und die Rolle der Schneider´schen Erstrangsymptome wurde reduziert. Ein mit dem USamerikanischen Diagnosesystems für psychische
Störungen kompatible Einstufung der Verlaufstypen der Schizophrenie wurde eingeführt. Im Bereich der akuten und vorübergehenden psychotischen Störungen wurde
die Differenzierung gegenüber der Schizophrenie überarbeitet. Gegenwärtig laufen sowohl internetbasierte als auch klinische Feldversuche zur praktischen
Erprobung der neuen Klassifikationskriterien. Im Frühjahr 2018 sollen die Klassifikationskriterien verabschiedet werden.
On two diffusion neuronal models with multiplicative noise: The mean first-passage time properties
Authors: D'Onofrio G. , Lansky P. , Pirozzi E.
Published: April 2018

Two diffusion processes with multiplicative noise, able to model the changes in the neuronal membrane depolarization between two consecutive spikes of a single neuron, are considered and compared. The processes have the same deterministic part but different stochastic components. The differences in the state-dependent variabilities, their asymptotic distributions, and the properties of the first-passage time across a constant threshold are investigated. Closed form expressions for the mean of the first-passage time of both processes are derived and applied to determine the role played by the parameters involved in the model. It is shown that for some values of the input parameters, the higher variability, given by the second moment, does not imply shorter mean first-passage time. The reason for that can be found in the complete shape of the stationary distribution of the two processes. Applications outside neuroscience are also mentioned.
High temperature 1 MHz capacitance-voltage method for evaluation of border traps in 4H-SiC MOS system
Authors: Peng Zhao-Yang , Wang Sheng-Kai , Bai Yun , Tang Yi-Dan , Chen Xi-Ming , Li Cheng-Zhan , Liu Ke-An , Liu Xin-Yu
Published: April 2018

In this work, border traps located in SiO2 at different depths in 4H-SiC MOS system are evaluated by a simple and effective method based on capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. This method estimates the border traps between two adjacent depths through C-V measurement at various frequencies at room and elevated temperatures. By comparison of these two C-V characteristics, the correlation between time constant of border traps and temperatures is obtained. Then the border trap density is determined by integration of capacitance difference against gate voltage at the regions where border traps dominate. The results reveal that border trap concentration a few nanometers away from the interface increases exponentially towards the interface, which is in good agreement with previous work. It has been proved that high temperature 1 MHz C-V method is effective for border trap evaluation.
Stratification of mixtures in evaporating liquid films occurs only for a range of volume fractions of the smaller component
Authors: Sear Richard P.
Published: April 2018

I model the drying of a liquid film containing small and big colloid particles. Fortini et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 118301 (2016)] studied these films with both computer simulation and experiment. They found that at the end of drying, the mixture had stratified with a layer of the smaller particles on top of the big particles. I develop a simple model for this process. The model has two ingredients: arrest of the diffusion of the particles at high density and diffusiophoretic motion of the big particles due to gradients in the volume fraction of the small particles. The model predicts that stratification only occurs over a range of initial volume fractions of the smaller colloidal species. Above and below this range, the downward diffusiophoretic motion of the big particles is too slow to remove the big particles from the top of the film, and so there is no stratification. In agreement with earlier work, the model also predicts that large Péclet numbers for drying are needed to see stratification.
Comparison of the effect of soft-core potentials and Coulombic potentials on bremsstrahlung during laser matter interaction
Authors: Pandit Rishi R. , Becker Valerie R. , Barrington Kasey , Thurston Jeremy , Ramunno Lora , Ackad Edward
Published: April 2018

An intense, short laser pulse incident on rare-gas clusters can produce nano-plasmas containing energetic electrons. As these electrons undergo scattering, from both phonons and ions, they emit bremsstrahlung radiation. Here, we compare a theory of bremsstrahlung emission appropriate for the interaction of intense lasers with matter using soft-core potentials and Coulombic potentials. A new scaling for the radiation cross-section and the radiated power via bremsstrahlung is derived for a soft-core potential (which depends on the potential depth) and compared with the Coulomb potential. Calculations using the new scaling are performed for electrons in vacuum ultraviolet, infrared and mid-infrared laser pulses. The radiation cross-section and the radiation power via bremsstrahlung are found to increase rapidly with increases in the potential depth of up to around 200 eV and then become mostly saturated for larger depths while remaining constant for the Coulomb potential. In both cases, the radiation cross-section and the radiation power of bremsstrahlung decrease with increases in the laser wavelength. The ratio of the scattering amplitude for the soft-core potential and that for the Coulombic potential decreases exponentially with an increase in momentum transfer. The bremsstrahlung emission by electrons in plasmas may provide a broadband light source for diagnostics.
Single bead near-infrared random laser based on silica-gel infiltrated with Rhodamine 640
Authors: Moura André L. , Barbosa-Silva Renato , Dominguez Christian T. , Pecoraro Édison , Gomes Anderson S. L. , de Araújo Cid B.
Published: April 2018

Photoluminescence properties of single bead silica-gel (SG) embedded with a laser-dye were studied aiming at the operation of near-infrared (NIR) Random Lasers (RLs). The operation of RLs in the NIR spectral region is especially important for biological applications since the optical radiation has deep tissue penetration with negligible damage. Since laser-dyes operating in the NIR have poor stability and are poor emitters, ethanol solutions of Rhodamine 640 (Rh640) infiltrated in SG beads were used. The Rh640 concentrations in ethanol varied from 10−5 to 10−2 M and the excitation at 532 nm was made by using a 7 ns pulsed laser. The proof-of-principle RL scheme herein presented was adopted in order to protect the dye-molecules from the environment and to favor formation of aggregates. The RL emission from ≈650 nm to 720 nm, beyond the typical Rh640 monomer and dimer wavelengths emissions range, was attributed to the trade-off between reabsorption and reemission processes along the light pathways inside the SG bead and the contribution of Rh640 aggregates.
GaN epitaxial layers grown on multilayer graphene by MOCVD
Authors: Li Tianbao , Liu Chenyang , Zhang Zhe , Yu Bin , Dong Hailiang , Jia Wei , Jia Zhigang , Yu Chunyan , Gan Lin , Xu Bingshe
Published: April 2018

In this study, GaN epitaxial layers were successfully deposited on a multilayer graphene (MLG) by using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Highly crystalline orientations of the GaN films were confirmed through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). An epitaxial relationship between GaN films and MLG is unambiguously established by transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The Raman spectra was used to analyze the internal stress of GaN films, and the spectrum shows residual tensile stress in the GaN films. Moreover, the results of the TEM analysis and Raman spectra indicate that the high quality of the MLG substrate is maintained even after the growth of the GaN film. This high-quality MLG makes it possible to easily remove epitaxial layers from the supporting substrate by micro-mechanical exfoliation technology. This work can aid in the development of transferable devices using GaN films.
Multifunctional microscope provides a versatile way to observe soft matter
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: April 2018

A multifunctional force microscope allows for characterizing adhesion and surface interactions using fiber optics that monitor cantilever deflection.
The role of disambiguation in pragmatic agentivity
Authors: Donlay Chris
Published: April 2018

Pragmatic agentivity is widespread in the Tibeto-Burman family. Some analyses suggest that its main purpose is to mark the agent in structurally ambiguous clauses, such as those in which agents and patients share the same degree of animacy or where the patient is absent due to zero anaphora. Others question the role of disambiguation, pointing out that it is often superfluous or inconsistent in resolving the agent role and thus likely not the primary purpose. Instead, disambiguation is seen as an outcome of highlighting agency, volition or choice. Exploring the multiple discourse functions of the agent marker in Khatso (Burmese-Ngwi; Yunnan, China), this paper shows that disambiguation is the primary motivation for marking agents, a feature that becomes more important in newer functions. This analysis builds on previous studies and broadens our understanding of the phenomenon in the Tibeto-Burman family.
Khamti Shan anti-ergative construction
Authors: Inglis Douglas
Published: April 2018

It is widely recognized that Khamti Shan is unique among Tai languages in evidencing a basic (A)OV word order, quite likely due to extensive language contact with Tibeto-Burman languages. Much less recognized in Khamti Shan is that some functional objects take a postposition marker, revealing a striking, but not necessarily unexpected, resemblance to a Tibeto-Burman-like anti-ergative construction. The deicticmai²‘here’ grammaticalizes an anti-ergative function in which it acts as a marker for certain monotransitive ‘objects’ which are analyzed as pragmatically foregrounded referents in the information structure of the sentence.
Greekἀρχιερεύςin Gothic translation
Authors: Ratkus Artūras
Published: April 2018

One of the most remarkable examples of variation in the Gothic Bible is the translation of the Greek compoundἀρχιερεύς‘chief priest’, accorded as many as seven different Gothic renderings. By examining the distribution of the Gothic examples and the contexts in which they occur, this paper challenges the traditional assumptions on the variation and argues that the variants are due to the exegetical and creative inputs of the translator. It is improbable that the variation was brought about under the influence of pre-Vulgate Latin and unlikely that the different renderings were introduced by putative post-Wulfilian revisers of the Gothic text. The findings call into question the traditional narrative of Wulfila’s single-handed translation of the Bible into Gothic.
Patterns of retention of the instrumental case in Old English
Authors: Freeman Aaron
Published: April 2018

In addition to the Germanic nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive cases still present in modern German and Icelandic, Old English inherited a fifth case known as the instrumental. This case was marginal and not consistently distinguishable from the dative, with which it had merged by the beginning of the Middle English period. This article establishes the patterns of use of the instrumental and the mechanism of its loss, through analysis of syntactically annotated corpora of Old English texts. It is found that the case survived primarily through probabilistic selection in a set of highly restricted contexts which developed independently of each other, in some cases merging with the dative and in others solidifying into morphologically indecomposable constructions.
Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with NPL, April 2017
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Sweeney Bryan , Quincey Paul
Published: April 2018

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of the United Kingdom maintained by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
pysster: classification of biological sequences by learning sequence and structure motifs with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Budach Stefan , Marsico Annalisa
Published: April 2018

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been shown to perform exceptionally well in a variety of tasks, including biological sequence classification. Available implementations, however, are usually optimized for a particular task and difficult to reuse. To enable researchers to utilize these networks more easily, we implemented pysster, a Python package for training CNNs on biological sequence data. Sequences are classified by learning sequence and structure motifs and the package offers an automated hyper-parameter optimization procedure and options to visualize learned motifs along with information about their positional and class enrichment. The package runs seamlessly on CPU and GPU and provides a simple interface to train and evaluate a network with a handful lines of code. Using an RNA A-to-I editing dataset and cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP)-seq binding site sequences, we demonstrate that pysster classifies sequences with higher accuracy than previous methods, such as GraphProt or ssHMM, and is able to recover known sequence and structure motifs.

Availability and implementation

pysster is freely available at https://github.com/budach/pysster.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PhyloProfile: dynamic visualization and exploration of multi-layered phylogenetic profiles
Authors: Tran Ngoc-Vinh , Greshake Tzovaras Bastian , Ebersberger Ingo
Published: April 2018

Phylogenetic profiles form the basis for tracing proteins and their functions across species and through time. Novel genome sequences nowadays often represent species from the remotest corner of the tree of life. Thus, phylogenetic profiling becomes increasingly important for functionally annotating this data and to integrate it into a comprehensive view on organismal evolution. To strengthen the link between the sharing of a gene across species and of the corresponding function, it is meanwhile common to complement phylogenetic profiles with additional information, such as domain architecture similarities between orthologs, or pairwise similarities of other protein features. However, there are few visualization tools that facilitate an intuitive integration of these various information layers. Here, we present PhyloProfile, an R-based tool to visualize, explore and analyze multi-layered phylogenetic profiles.

Availability and implementation

PhyloProfile is available as open source code under the MIT license at https://github.com/BIONF/phyloprofile. An online version for testing PhyloProfile and for small to medium-scale analyses is available at http://applbio.biologie.uni-frankfurt.de/phyloprofile.
Uncovering Susceptibility Risk to Online Deception in Aging
Authors: Ebner Natalie C , Ellis Donovan M , Lin Tian , Rocha Harold A , Yang Huizi , Dommaraju Sandeep , Soliman Adam , Woodard Damon L , Turner Gary R , Spreng R Nathan , Oliveira Daniela S
Published: April 2018

Objectives

Fraud in the aged is an emerging public health problem. An increasingly common form of deception is conducted online. However, identification of cognitive and socioemotional risk factors has not been undertaken yet. In this endeavor, this study extended previous work suggesting age effects on susceptibility to online deception.

Methods

Susceptibility was operationalized as clicking on the link in simulated spear-phishing emails that young (18−37 years), young-old (62−74 years), and middle-old (75−89 years) Internet users received, without knowing that the emails were part of the study. Participants also indicated for a set of spear-phishing emails how likely they would click on the embedded link (susceptibility awareness) and completed cognitive and socioemotional measures to determine susceptibility risk profiles.

Results

Higher susceptibility was associated with lower short-term episodic memory in middle-old users and with lower positive affect in young-old and middle-old users. Greater susceptibility awareness was associated with better verbal fluency in middle-old users and with greater positive affect in young and middle-old users.

Discussion

Short-term memory, verbal fluency, and positive affect in middle-old age may contribute to resilience against online spear-phishing attacks. These results inform mechanisms of online fraud susceptibility and real-life decision-supportive interventions toward fraud risk reduction in aging.
Resolution of biodiversity and assemblage structure in demersal fisheries surveys: the role of tow duration
Authors: Moriarty M , Sell A F , Trenkel V M , Lynam C P , Burns F , Clarke E D , Greenstreet S P R , McGonigle C
Published: April 2018

An experiment during a fisheries independent survey in the North Sea was conducted to test whether sampling effort could be reduced without a significant loss in data precision. To examine potential effects of reducing tow duration from the standard 30 min to a proposed 15 min estimates of species encounter rates, species richness, and estimates of abundance, biomass, and body size were analysed. Results show species richness estimates are lower in the short tow category. While biomass and abundance at length and body size are significantly affected by the change in tow duration, estimates of Large Fish Indicator, the Typical length and Mean-max length are not significantly affected by the regime change. The results presented here suggest that a reduction of tow duration did not optimize the resolution of biodiversity, and it may affect other survey objectives, such as, providing estimates of abundance or biomass for assessment of commercial species.
Adherence to recommended electronic health record safety practices across eight health care organizations
Authors: Sittig Dean F , Salimi Mandana , Aiyagari Ranjit , Banas Colin , Clay Brian , Gibson Kathryn A , Goel Ashutosh , Hines Robert , Longhurst Christopher A , Mishra Vimal , Sirajuddin Anwar M , Satterly Tyler , Singh Hardeep
Published: April 2018

Objective

The Safety Assurance Factors for EHR Resilience (SAFER) guides were released in 2014 to help health systems conduct proactive risk assessment of electronic health record (EHR)- safety related policies, processes, procedures, and configurations. The extent to which SAFER recommendations are followed is unknown.

Methods

We conducted risk assessments of 8 organizations of varying size, complexity, EHR, and EHR adoption maturity. Each organization self-assessed adherence to all 140 unique SAFER recommendations contained within 9 guides (range 10–29 recommendations per guide). In each guide, recommendations were organized into 3 broad domains: “safe health IT” (total 45 recommendations); “using health IT safely” (total 80 recommendations); and “monitoring health IT” (total 15 recommendations).

Results

The 8 sites fully implemented 25 of 140 (18%) SAFER recommendations. Mean number of “fully implemented” recommendations per guide ranged from 94% (System Interfaces—18 recommendations) to 63% (Clinical Communication—12 recommendations). Adherence was higher for “safe health IT” domain (82.1%) vs “using health IT safely” (72.5%) and “monitoring health IT” (67.3%).

Conclusions

Despite availability of recommendations on how to improve use of EHRs, most recommendations were not fully implemented. New national policy initiatives are needed to stimulate implementation of these best practices.
‘African Curiosities’ from the voyage of HMS Avon, 1845–1846: historiographical notes on a forgotten collection
Authors: Coote Jeremy
Published: April 2018

Thanks to the detailed nature of the sketches accompanying an article published in the Illustrated London News in 1846, it has proved possible recently to trace the history of some objects in the University of Oxford’s Pitt Rivers Museum to the voyage of HMS Avon (Commander Henry Mangles Denham) to the coast of West Africa in 1845–6. Drawing on archival materials that survive at the Pitt Rivers Museum, the British Museum, the National Archives, and the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, historiographical notes are provided on the nature and content of the collection, along with an account of its post-voyage history, including its recent ‘rediscovery’.
Scope and Burdens of Psychological Dysfunction
Authors: Kazdin Alan E.
Published: April 2018

This chapter addresses several key background topics, including the range and types of psychological dysfunctions, the scope of the problems in terms of incidence and prevalence of cases, and the burdens these place on individuals, families, and society at large. The chapter conveys core features of the mental health crisis and why innovation in developing remedies is so critical. The aim of the chapter is to establish the need for more effective interventions in light of the range of dysfunctions, the high number of people who experience them, and the burdens these dysfunctions cause. The burdens can be evaluated in many ways, including measures of impairment, costs, disability, and lost days. Overall, the costs and lost days of adequate functioning and lost days of life are enormous as a result of mental illness.
Need to Expand Interventions and Models of Intervention Delivery
Authors: Kazdin Alan E.
Published: April 2018

This chapter clarifies the distinction between psychosocial interventions (what is done to change clinical problems) and the way in which the interventions are presented or provided (models of delivery). The dominant model of psychosocial treatment delivery, which involves in-person, one-to-one therapy with a mental health professional in a special setting, is discussed, along with inherent limitations in reaching large numbers of people in need of services. The chapter presents characteristics that would be needed in a model of delivery to overcome these limitations. These characteristics include scalability, reach, affordability, expansion of the nonprofessional workforce, expansion of settings where interventions are provided, feasibility, flexibility, and acceptability of the model of delivery.
Closing Comments
Authors: Kazdin Alan E.
Published: April 2018

This chapter brings together much of the content in the way of key questions to guide us and to provide steps needed to address the challenges of reducing the burdens of mental illness. Key elements needed to have an impact on the burdens of mental illness already are readily available. How to move forward to implement change is a key focus of the chapter. Parallels are drawn with other areas of health that share similar challenges as those related to mental illness. Together, multiple areas suggest the need to change health care broadly. Novel models of treatment delivery can greatly improve access to treatment but more will be need to maximize the broadest and most enduring impact.
Advancing Evidence-Based Practice Through Program Evaluation
Authors: Morrison Julie Q. , Harms Anna L.
Published: April 2018

The demand for results-driven accountability is pervasive in all aspects of education today. The shift in emphasis from compliance to accountability for closing achievement gaps and improving student outcomes creates challenges and opportunities for school-based professionals. School-based professionals have a significant role to play in supporting school improvement efforts and improving outcomes for students in their role as program evaluators. Despite the need for advanced knowledge and skills in program evaluation, resources dedicated to developing the competencies of school-based professionals in evaluation approaches, methods, and tools are scarce. This book addresses this need by serving as a practical resource for school-based professionals seeking to use program evaluation to enhance data-based decision making and accountability as informed by implementation research and within the context of a multi-tier system of supports framework. Throughout this book, school-based professionals are positioned as change agents guiding their school or school districts in the adoption, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions and systems of support to meet students’ academic and behavioral needs.
Evaluating Professional Learning
Authors: Morrison Julie Q. , Harms Anna L.
Published: April 2018

Professional learning in the form of training and coaching/consultation is central to supporting evidence-based practices in schools. The objective of this chapter is to review what is known about effective strategies to support adult learning and to compare frameworks for evaluating professional learning for educators. Five critical levels have been identified for evaluating educator professional learning. These are (a) participants’ reactions/perceptions of satisfaction, (b) participants’ learning, (c) organization support and change, (d) participants’ use of new knowledge and skills, and (e) student learning outcomes. Other topics discussed include evaluation approaches, methods, and tools for assessing the implementation and impact of teacher professional learning opportunities in a multi-tiered system of support initiative.
Communicating Evaluation Findings
Authors: Morrison Julie Q. , Harms Anna L.
Published: April 2018

The topic of data visualization and the effective communication of evaluation findings has received considerable attention in recent years. The objective of Chapter 5 is to present practical strategies for communicating findings through data visualization and report writing that maximize the impact of the evaluation. The chapter highlights the use of web-based data systems and data dashboards for communicating implementation and outcome data relative to a multi-tiered system of support initiative. Practical guidelines for developing communication plans, maintaining a data-driven focus to communications, and linking current results to proposed actions are provided. Special attention is paid to the use of targeted, tailored communication as informed by diffusion theory.
Contextual Variables and School Refusal Behavior
Authors: Kearney Christopher A.
Published: April 2018

This chapter provides a summary of contextual variables that impact school absenteeism in children and adolescents. Child-oriented contextual variables surround key factors such as psychopathology, poor academic or social competence, history of absenteeism or learning disorder, grade retention, employment, pregnancy, and trauma. Parent-oriented contextual variables surround key factors such as in adequate parenting skills or problematic styles, psychopathology, poor communication with school officials, and low expectations of school performance. Family-oriented contextual variables surround key factors such as homelessness, poverty, problematic dynamics, and cultural and language barriers. Peer-oriented contextual variables surround key factors such as peer pressure or proximity to deviant peers as well as bullying. School-oriented contextual variables surround key factors such as poor school climate, tedious curricula, and minimal monitoring or consequences for absenteeism. Community-oriented contextual variables surround key factors such as economic pull factors and lack of educational support services.
Assessing Cases of School Refusal Behavior
Authors: Kearney Christopher A.
Published: April 2018

This chapter offers the reader an overview of methods to assess, on an initial and ongoing basis, youths with presenting school refusal behavior. These methods target youth who are just beginning to refuse school and/or have scattered absences, a few skipped classes, recurrent tardiness, premature departures from school during the day, excessive crying or resistance going to school, and noncompliance regarding school attendance, in addition to more subtle behaviors such as frequent student requests to leave class, visits to the school nurse, or escalating distress about attending school. Formal assessment methods are described, such as interview questions, questionnaires, and behavioral observation, but an emphasis is also placed on time-sensitive and highly efficient ways to gather substantial information about a youth’s school refusal behavior and related variables.