bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Electroless Copper Deposition Using Glyoxylic Acid as Reducing Agent for Ultralarge Scale Integration Metallization.
Authors: Shacham‐Diamand Yosi Y.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Monodentate Oxazoline Ligands in Ni/Al‐Catalyzed Regioselective Cyclotrimerization of Enones and Alkynes.
Authors: Ikeda Shin‐ichi , Kondo Hirokazu , Mori Naoyoshi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Biphasic Process for the Monosilylation of Symmetrical 1,n‐Primary Diols.
Authors: Yu Chengzhi , Liu Bin , Hu Longqin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Substituent Character on Carbonylation of Aryl Halides in Two‐Phase Systems.
Authors: Lapidus A. L. , Petrovskii K. B. , Bruk L. G. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protection of Alcohols and Phenols with Dihydropyran and Detetrahydropyranylation by ZrCl4.
Authors: Rezai Nasrin , Meybodi Farhat Alsadat , Salehi Peyman
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, Selective, and Inexpensive Supported Oxidant for the Regeneration of Carbonyl Compounds from Oximes, Semicarbazones, 4‐Phenylsemicarbazones, and P‐Nitrophenylhydrazones.
Authors: Zhang Gui‐Sheng , Chai Bing
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (E)‐ and (Z)‐(2‐Methylsulfonyloxy‐1‐alkenyl)phenyliodonium Methanesulfonates.
Authors: Pirkuliev N. Sh. , Brel V. K. , Kasumov T. M. , Akhmedov N. G. , Zefirov N. S. , Stang P. J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Halo ortho‐Dinitrobenzene Derivatives.
Authors: Mundla Sreenivasa
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Michael—Imino Aldol Tandem Reaction Triggered by Thiolate Anions.
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Fang , Hou Xue‐Long , Dai Li‐Xin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1‐Aryl and 1,3‐Diarylcyclopentenes by the Heck Reaction of 1‐Sulfinylcyclopentenes with Iodoarenes.
Authors: de la Rosa Juan Carlos , Diaz Nuria , Carretero Juan C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrroles from Enamines.
Authors: Grigg Ronald , Savic Vladimir
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Biological Activity of Indole‐Based Factor Xa Inhibitors.
Authors: Arnaiz Damian O. , Zhao Zuchun , Liang Amy , Trinh Lan , Whitlow Marc , Koovakkat Sunil K. , Shaw Kenneth J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimycobacterial Activity of Ionic Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Bosi Susanna , Da Ros Tatiana , Castellano Sabrina , Banfi Elena , Prato Maurizio
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Analgesic‐Antiinflammatory Activities of Ethyl 2‐[3‐(1‐Phenoxy(methoxy)carbonyl‐4‐aryl(alkyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridyl)] acetates.
Authors: Agudoawu Sammy A. , Knaus Edward E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Directed Cyclocondensation of Piperidone Enol Ethers with 2‐Methoxy‐4‐(N‐phenylsulfonyl)‐1,4‐benzoquinoneimine: A New Regioselective Synthesis of Oxygenated Carbolines.
Authors: Engler Thomas A. , Wanner Jutta
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinonic Derivatives Active Against a Virulent Strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Synthesis of 2‐Methylfuro[2,3‐g]‐ and [3,2‐g]isoquinolinetriones.
Authors: Nebois Pascal , Sarciron Marie‐Elizabeth , Bibal Brigitte , Bouammali Boufelja , Cherkaoui Omar , Pautet Felix , Petavy Anne‐Francoise , Walchshofer Nadia , Fillion Houda
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolo[3,2,1‐ij]quinoline Derivatives, a 5‐HT2c Receptor Agonist with Selectivity over the 5‐HT2a Receptor: Potential Therapeutic Applications for Epilepsy and Obesity.
Authors: Isaac Methvin , et al. et al.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Binding Affinities of 4‐Diarylaminotropanes (VII), a New Class of Delta Opioid Agonists.
Authors: Boyd Robert E. , Carson John R. , Codd Ellen E. , Gauthier A. Diane , Neilson Lou Anne , Zhang Sui‐Po
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triazoles (IV) and Tetrazoles (V) Condensed with Spiro(benzo[h]quinazoline‐5,1′‐cycloalkanes).
Authors: Markosyan A. I. , Kuroyan R. A. , Karapetyan K. V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High Potent and Selective Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Ligands for the 5‐HT1A Receptor
Authors: Modica Maria , Santagati Maria , Santagati Andrea , Russo Filippo , Cagnotto Alfredo , Goegan Mara , Mennini Tiziana
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Arylpiperazines as Selective α1‐Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Murray William V. , Jolliffe Linda , Pulito Virginia
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Solid State Structural Analysis of 1,3‐Alternate Conformer of Tetrathiacalix[4]arene Tetra‐ester, ‐acid, and ‐ether Derivatives.
Authors: Akdas Huriye , Jaunky Wojciech , Graf Ernest , Hosseini Mir Wais , Planeix Jean‐Marc , De Cian Andre , Fischer Jean
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel, Potent, and Selective Small‐Molecule CCR5 Antagonists as Anti‐HIV‐1 Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Anilide Derivatives with a Quaternary Ammonium Moiety.
Authors: Shiraishi Mitsuru , et al. et al.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactions of N‐Substituted 2‐(Dimethylallyl)aniline Compounds with Phenylselanyl Halides.
Authors: Cooper Matthew A. , Francis Craig L. , Holman Jeffrey W. , Kasum Bruno , Taverner Thomas , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Ward A. David
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Access to New Mono‐ and Dinuclear Organometallic Hydrazones from [(η5‐Cp)Fe(η6‐arylhydrazine)]+.
Authors: Manzur Carolina , Millan Lorena , Fuentealba Mauricio , Hamon Jean‐Rene , Carrillo David
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonamidate and Phosphothioate Dipeptides as Potential Inhibitors of VanX.
Authors: Yang Ke‐Wu , Brandt Jeffrey J. , Chatwood Lisa L. , Crowder Michael W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific, Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aspidosperma Alkaloid Analogues from Secologanin.
Authors: Brown Richard T. , Kandasamy Mythily
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in the Aza‐Cope Reaction: A Formal Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Tryprostatin B.
Authors: Cardoso A. Sofia , Lobo Ana M. , Prabhakar Sundaresan
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Binding Studies of Oligonucleotides Containing N‐Hydroxycarbamate Linkages: Potential DNA Cleaving Antisense Oligomers.
Authors: Li Hui , Miller Marvin J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Hybridization Properties of Polyamide Based Nucleic Acid Analogues Incorporating Pyrrolidine‐Derived Nucleoamino Acids.
Authors: Altmann Karl‐Heinz , Huesken Dieter , Cuenoud Bernard , Garcia‐Echeverria Carlos
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of “AZT‐HEPT”, “AZT‐Pyridinone”, and “ddC‐HEPT” Conjugates as Inhibitors of HIV Reverse Transcriptase.
Authors: Grierson David S. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Neomycin B Related Aminoglycosides.
Authors: Ding Yili , Swayze Eric E. , Hofstadler Steven A. , Griffey Richard H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Brief Synthesis of the Aplasmomycin Tetrahydrofuran.
Authors: Bew Sean P. , Knight David W. , Middleton Robert J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Ceralure B1, Ethyl cis‐5‐Iodo‐trans‐2‐methylcyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate.
Authors: Raw Andre S. , Jang Eric B.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiopure Simple Analogues of Annonaceous Acetogenins with Remarkable Selective Cytotoxicity Towards Tumor Cell Lines.
Authors: Zeng Bu‐Bing , Wu Yikang , Yu Qian , Wu Yu‐Lin , Li Yan , Chen Xiao‐Guang
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neural Network Based Quantitative Structural Property Relations (QSPRs) for Predicting Boiling Points of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.
Authors: Espinosa Gabriela , Yaffe Denise , Cohen Yoram , Arenas Alex , Giralt Francesc
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of ZnSe/GaAs and ZnSe/Ge Using Atmospheric Pressure Metallorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition.
Authors: Abdel‐Motaleb Ibrahim M. , Pal S. , Desai P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Some New Selenium‐Containing Analogues of Pyridocarbazoles and Indolocarbazoles
Authors: Jarkas Nachwa , Joseph Delphine , Royer Herve , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation and Application of Organosamariums Mediated by Samarium Diiodide
Authors: Kunishima Munetaka
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bis(oxazoline) Copper(II) Complexes: Versatile Catalysts for Enantioselective Cycloaddition, Aldol, Michael, and Carbonyl Ene Reactions
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey S. , Evans David A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Transformations of Organic Compounds of Divalent Sulfur.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Deryagina E. N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Ultrasound on Catalytic Processes
Authors: Sulman M. G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Three‐Dimensional Structures of the Pectic Polysaccharides
Authors: Perez Serge , Mazeau Karim , Penhoat Catherine Herve du
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Personal Account of the Early Ginkgolide Structural Studies
Authors: Nakanishi Koji
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The mechanical properties of a cell, as determined by its actin cytoskeleton, are important for nanoneedle insertion into a living cell
Authors: Kagiwada Harumi , Nakamura Chikashi , Kihara Takanori , Kamiishi Hideki , Kawano Keiko , Nakamura Noriyuki , Miyake Jun
Published: June 2010

Previously, we reported that a nanoneedle of 200 nm diameter manipulated by an atomic force microscope apparatus could be inserted into a living cell. The insertion probabilities varied according to cell type. However, the nanoneedle was never successfully inserted into artificial liposomes. In the current study, we found that the stress fibers and actin filaments comprising the plasmalemmal undercoat are important, determining factors as to whether a nanoneedle can be successfully inserted into a cell. Depolymerization of microtubules increased both the number of stress fibers and insertion efficiency in NRK cells. These results indicate that the insertion efficiency of a nanoneedle (200 nm in diameter) into a cell with a smaller actin meshwork in its plasmalemmal undercoat is enhanced and the formation of stress fibers obviously contributes to this incremental enhancement. These facts are not only important as technical information to improve the efficiency of cell manipulation but also as observations of the mechanical properties of the native cell cortex. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluidized‐Bed MOCVD of Bi2O3 Thin Films from Bismuth Triphenyl under Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Reuge Nicolas , Dexpert‐Ghys Jeannette , Caussat Brigitte
Published: June 2010

Bi2O3 films have been deposited on alumina particles by Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition at atmospheric pressure, using bismuth triphenyl and oxygen as precursors. In the operating range tested, the presence of Bi on the whole particles has been evidenced by EDX, and the existence of the α and γ phases of Bi2O3 has been revealed consistently by Raman spectroscopy and by XRD.
Synthesis of Gallium Nitride Nanoparticles by Microwave Plasma‐Enhanced CVD
Authors: Shimada Manabu , Wang Wei‐Ning , Okuyama Kikuo
Published: June 2010

Gallium nitride (GaN) nanoparticles are successfully synthesized via an improved microwave plasma‐enhanced (MPE)CVD method. Optimization of the MPECVD process is achieved by manipulating the plasma operating conditions, such as antenna length, input power, and pressure. The resulting GaN nanoparticles have an average size of around 8.5 nm with a very narrow size distribution, indicating that well‐dispersed nanoparticles can be obtained, due to the negative charge of the particles caused by the collision of electrons in the plasma process. In addition, a satisfactory stoichiometric ratio, high crystallinity, and relatively good photoluminescence (PL) properties of the GaN nanoparticles are achieved, due to the improved process.
Microstructural development: Organizational differences of the fiber architecture between children and adults in dorsal and ventral visual streams
Authors: Loenneker Thomas , Klaver Peter , Bucher Kerstin , Lichtensteiger Janine , Imfeld Adrian , Martin Ernst
Published: June 2010

Visual perceptual skills are basically mature by the age of 7 years. White matter, however, continues to develop until late adolescence. Here, we examined children (aged 5–7 years) and adults (aged 20–30 years) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fiber tracking to investigate the microstructural maturation of the visual system. We characterized the brain volumes, DTI indices, and architecture of visual fiber tracts passing through white matter structures adjacent to occipital and parietal cortex (dorsal stream), and to occipital and temporal cortex (ventral stream). Dorsal, but not ventral visual stream pathways were found to increase in volume during maturation. DTI indices revealed expected maturational differences, manifested as decreased mean and radial diffusivities and increased fractional anisotropy in both streams. Additionally, fractional anisotropy was increased and radial diffusivity was decreased in the adult dorsal stream, which can be explained by specific dorsal stream myelination or increasing fiber compaction. Adult dorsal stream architecture showed additional intra‐ and interhemispheric connections: Dorsal fibers penetrated into contralateral hemispheres via commissural structures and projection fibers extended to the superior temporal gyrus and ventral association pathways. Moreover, intra‐hemispheric connectivity was particularly strong in adult dorsal stream of the right hemisphere. Ventral stream architecture also differed between adults and children. Adults revealed additional connections to posterior lateral areas (occipital‐temporal gyrus), whereas children showed connections to posterior medial areas (posterior parahippocampal and lingual gyrus). Hence, in addition to dorsal stream myelination or fiber compaction, progressing maturation of intra‐ and interhemispheric connectivity may contribute to the development of the visual system. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrochemical characteristics of throughfall and stemflow in a Moso‐bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest
Authors: Chiwa Masaaki , Onozawa Yuka , Otsuki Kyoichi
Published: June 2010

To investigate the impacts of the invasion by bamboo on fluxes of nutrients and pollutants, the nutrient/pollutant fluxes and canopy interactions, including neutralization of acidity, leaching and uptake of nitrogen (N), were characterized in conjunction with rainfall partitioning in a Moso‐bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest. Measurements of precipitation volume, pH, major ions, and silicate (SiO2) in rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were collected weekly in a Moso‐bamboo forest located in Munakata City, Western Japan for 1 year. Results showed that rainfall partitioning into stemflow was larger than that for other types of forest, which may be due to the properties of Moso‐bamboo forest structure, such as a straight and smooth culm. Inorganic N (NO3−+ NH4+) and S (SO42−) fluxes of throughfall and stemflow were approximately 1·6 and 1·3 times higher than that of rainfall, respectively. Contribution of stemflow flux to inorganic N and S fluxes to the forest floor was high. This could be due to lower uptake of inorganic N through culm and a higher rainfall partitioning into stemflow than that for other types of forest. The Moso‐bamboo canopy neutralized rainfall acidity, reducing the fluxes of potentially acidifying compounds via throughfall and stemflow. Canopy leaching of K+was distinctly higher than that of Mg2+and Ca2+and could be related to the high mobility of K+in plant tissues. Cl−and SiO2were readily leached as for K+. The impact of the invasion by bamboo on nutrient cycling was discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epikarst hydrology and implications for stalagmite capture of climate changes at Grotta di Ernesto (NE Italy): results from long‐term monitoring
Authors: Miorandi Renza , Borsato Andrea , Frisia Silvia , Fairchild Ian J. , Richter Detlev K.
Published: June 2010

Grotta di Ernesto is a cave site well suited for palaeoclimate studies because it contains annually laminated stalagmites and was monitored from 1995 to the end of 2008 for microclimate, hydrology and hydrochemistry. Long‐term monitoring highlighted that cave drips show three different hydrological responses to rainfall and infiltration: (1) fast seasonal drips in the upper part of the cave, which are mostly fed by fractures, (2) slow seasonal drips, located at mid‐depth in the cave characterized by mixed feeding and (3) slow drips, mostly located in the deeper gallery, which are fed by seepage flow from bulk porosity with a minor fracture‐fed component. The slow drips display daily cycles during spring thaw. Monitoring also indicated that drip waters are only slightly modified by degassing within the soil zone and aquifer and by prior calcite precipitation. Hydrochemical studies show a clear seasonality in calcite saturation index, which results in most cave calcite precipitation occurring during late autumn and winter with similar amounts of precipitated calcite on most stalagmites, regardless of drip rate (discharge) differences. Drip rate, and drip rate variability, therefore, has a minor role in modulating the amount of annual calcite formation. In contrast, drip rate, when associated with moderate reduction in calcite saturation index, clearly influences stalagmite morphology. Increasing drip rate yields a passage from candle‐, to cone‐ to dome‐shaped stalagmites. Very high drip rates feed speleothems with flowstone morphology. In summary, monitoring provides information about the karst aquifer and how hydrology influences those physical and chemical characteristics of speleothems which are commonly used as climate proxies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of stream water temperature regimes from open and afforested moorland, Yorkshire Dales, northern England
Authors: Brown L. E. , Cooper L. , Holden J. , Ramchunder S. J.
Published: June 2010

Despite the known importance of water temperature for river ecosystems, the thermal regime of streams and rivers can be heavily modified by afforestation. Although the nature of the heat budget affecting streams in forested catchments shows high variability in space and time, most of the studies of stream temperature response to afforestation have lacked replication among streams. This study examined the impacts of coniferous forest plantations on stream water temperature at six sites (three forested and three open moorland) in the Yorkshire Dales, northern England. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that afforestation would alter the thermal regime of streams, leading to reduced year‐round thermal variability, and cooler summer/warmer winter water temperatures, relative to streams flowing across open moorland. Data collected from April 2007 to March 2009 showed similar thermal dynamics among all six streams over the study period, although variability in forested streams was markedly lower as expected. Mean and maximum daily water temperatures were significantly higher in open moorland streams for much of the year but while some forested streams were warmer than individual moorland streams during winter months (November to February), there was considerable overlap in water temperature between moorland and forest streams. Most stream temperature records showed evidence of low/no winter flow and freezing. These results contrast with many previous studies that have reported warmer temperatures in forested versus open moorland streams during winter, a finding that most likely reflects site‐specific hydrological, geomorphological and climatological influences on water temperature in addition to afforestation. This study demonstrates the need for replication of hydrological monitoring when examining the effects of basin‐scale management practices and provides further evidence for changes in stream thermal regime following afforestation, a practice that is likely to increase in future due to growing demands for increased forest cover in the UK uplands. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgery confounds biology: The predictive value of stage‐, grade‐ and prostate‐specific antigen for recurrence after radical prostatectomy as a function of surgeon experience
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Savage Caroline J. , Bianco Fernando J. , Klein Eric A. , Kattan Michael W. , Secin Fernando P. , Guilloneau Bertrand D. , Scardino Peter T.
Published: June 2010

Statistical models predicting cancer recurrence after surgery are based on biologic variables. We have shown previously that prostate cancer recurrence is related to both tumor biology and to surgical technique. Here, we evaluate the association between several biological predictors and biochemical recurrence across varying surgical experience. The study included two separate cohorts: 6,091 patients treated by open radical prostatectomy and an independent replication set of 2,298 patients treated laparoscopically. We calculated the odds ratios for biological predictors of biochemical recurrence—stage, Gleason grade and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)—and also the predictive accuracy (area under the curve, AUC) of a multivariable model, for subgroups of patients defined by the experience of their surgeon. In the open cohort, the odds ratio for Gleason score 8+ and advanced pathologic stage, though not PSA or Gleason score 7, increased dramatically when patients treated by surgeons with lower levels of experience were excluded (Gleason 8+: odds ratios 5.6 overall vs. 13.0 for patients treated by surgeons with 1,000+ prior cases; locally advanced disease: odds ratios of 6.6 vs. 12.2, respectively). The AUC of the multivariable model was 0.750 for patients treated by surgeons with 50 or fewer cases compared to 0.849 for patients treated by surgeons with 500 or more. Although predictiveness was lower overall for the independent replication set cohort, the main findings were replicated. Surgery confounds biology. Although our findings have no direct clinical implications, studies investigating biological variables as predictors of outcome after curative resection of cancer should consider the impact of surgeon‐specific factors.
Hospital self‐discharge among adults with sickle‐cell disease (SCD): Associations with trust and interpersonal experiences with care
Authors: Haywood Carlton , Lanzkron Sophie , Ratanawongsa Neda , Bediako Shawn M. , Lattimer‐Nelson Lakshmi , Beach Mary Catherine
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Patient self‐discharge from hospitals has been associated with a number of negative clinical outcomes. Research suggests that low patient trust and poor quality interpersonal experiences with care may be associated with hospital self‐discharge. Although adults with sickle‐cell disease (SCD) often report poorer quality healthcare experiences, research examining hospital self‐discharge and its associations with both patient trust and quality of healthcare experiences is lacking for this patient population.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the association of interpersonal experiences with care and trust in the medical profession with hospital self‐discharge history among patients with SCD.

DESIGN:

Cross‐sectional study.

SETTING:

A large, urban academic medical center.

PATIENTS:

Adults (age 18+ years) with SCD seeking outpatient or inpatient care.

MEASUREMENTS:

We compared patient characteristics, patient perceptions of the quality of interpersonal experiences with care, and levels of trust between patients with and without a history of hospital self‐discharge.

RESULTS:

Adjusted analyses indicated that having a history of hospital self‐discharge was associated with more negative interpersonal experiences and lower levels of trust.

CONCLUSIONS:

Hospital self‐discharge may be an important indicator of the quality of care received by adults with SCD. Further research is needed to better understand this phenomenon so that effective interventions can be designed to prevent its occurrence. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:289–294. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Comparative morphology of the head of selected sporophagous and non‐sporophagous aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Musculature and hypopharynx‐prementum complex
Authors: Weide Daniela , Thayer Margaret K. , Newton Alfred F. , Betz Oliver
Published: June 2010

To investigate whether specialization to spore‐ (or pollen‐) feeding in advanced Aleocharinae is mirrored by their head anatomy, we compiled and compared synchrotron X‐ray micro‐tomography datasets for 11 Aleocharinae in conjunction with previous data for two aleocharine and six outgroup species (two nonstaphylinids, four staphylinids). We describe the presence/absence of head muscles and investigate the variability of points of origin by character mapping analyses. Monophyly of Aleocharinae is supported by the absence of M. 48 (M. tentoriobuccalis anterior), and by changes in the origins of Mm. 1, 2, 17, 18, 28, 29, 30. Within Aleocharinae the origins of the labial muscles (Mm. 28–30) have shifted posteriorly to the gula, which might enhance the movement posterad of the hypopharynx and partly compensate for the loss of M. 48. We also analyzed the general organization of the hypopharynx‐prementum complex and the fine structure of the mandibles through SEM studies. In the absence of grinding mandibular molae like those of most mycophagous Coleoptera, seven aleocharine species studied have evolved “pseudomolae” at the ventral side of the mandibles that replace true molae as secondary grinding surfaces. In these species, the hypopharynx is elevated and displaced anteriorly, bearing a bowl‐like depression on its surface that functions as a mortar where spores are ground between the hypopharynx and the mandibles. Two of these species are not yet known to feed on spores or pollen. Another species (Oxypoda alternans) is thought to feed on fungus material but bears no pseudomolae on its mandibles. J. Morphol. 271:910–931, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid monitoring of arrays of amino acids in clinical samples using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Tůma Petr , Málková Klára , Samcová Eva , Štulík Karel
Published: June 2010

CE with contactless conductivity detection has been used to separate 28 biogenic amino acids in a short capillary with an effective length of 18 cm. All the tested amino acids can be mutually separated in 0.5–10 mol/L acetic acid electrolytes. The time of analysis does not exceed 6 min and the LODs vary from 0.1 to 1.7 μmol/L. The CVs lie within the intervals 0.01–0.4% and 0.9–4% for the migration times and the analyte peak areas, respectively. The procedure has been successfully applied to the determinations of the whole amino acid spectra in blood plasma, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid samples.
Minimal residual disease‐based augmented therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Japanese Childhood Cancer and Leukemia Study Group
Authors: Yamaji Kazutaka , Okamoto Tomomi , Yokota Shohei , Watanabe Arata , Horikoshi Yasuo , Asami Keiko , Kikuta Atsushi , Hyakuna Nobuyuki , Saikawa Yutaka , Ueyama Junichi , Watanabe Tsutomu , Okada Masahiko , Taga Takashi , Kanegane Hirokazu , Kogawa Kazuhiro , Chin Motoaki , Iwai Asayuki , Matsushita Takeshi , Shimomura Yasuto , Hori Toshinori , Tsurusawa Masahito ,   for The Japanese Childhood Cancer, Leukemia Study Group (JCCLSG)
Published: June 2010

Background

The majority of minimal residual disease (MRD)‐positive patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have poor outcomes. The ALL2000 study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of augmented chemotherapy based on MRD‐restratification in childhood ALL.

Procedure

Between 2000 and 2004, 305 eligible patients with precursor B or T‐cell ALL were enrolled in the ALL2000 study. The ALL941‐based therapy protocol utilized PCR MRD assays using Immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptor gene rearrangements. They were initially stratified into three risk‐groups according to leukocyte count and age, and MRD levels were measured at weeks 5 (TP1) and 12 (TP2) for a second stratification. From week 14, patients with MRD levels $ \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel>\over {\smash{\scriptstyle=}\vphantom{_x}}$}} 10^{ - 3} $ received an increase in therapy (one risk group higher), while the remainder continued to receive the initial risk‐adapted therapy.

Results

The overall 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rate for ALL2000 was 79.7 ± 2.4%. MRD stratification was feasible for 234 of 301 patients (77%) who achieved complete remission. The EFS rate of the MRD stratifiable (MRD) group was 82.5 ± 2.6%, considerably superior to the 74.7 ± 5.7% of MRD non‐stratifiable (Non‐MRD) group (P = 0.084) and the 74.4 ± 2.1% for ALL 941 (P = 0.012). MRD‐positive patients at TP2 showed inferior outcomes as compared with MRD‐negative cases, but the difference did not reach a statistically significant level in any risk groups or immunophenotypes.

Conclusions

These results suggest that augmented therapy for MRD‐positive patients at TP2 contributed to better outcomes of the ALL2000 study. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1287–1295. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vaccination in children: the UK immunisation programme
Authors: Elliman David , Bedford Helen
Published: June 2010

Our series Prescribing in children gives practical advice for the management of childhood problems in general practice. Here, the authors describe the UK immunisation programme for children and the potential contraindications and adverse effects. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
A robust user authentication scheme with self‐certificates for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Tseng Huei‐Ru , Jan Rong‐Hong , Yang Wuu
Published: June 2010

User authentication is a critical part of security, along with confidentiality and integrity, for computer systems that allow legitimate users remote access over an open communication network. Recently, user authentication for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has received considerable attention. We propose a robust user authentication scheme for WSNs. The scheme is based on elliptic‐curve cryptosystems with self‐certificates. The proposed scheme allows users to change their key pairs without interaction with a key distribution center (KDC). Moreover, the proposed scheme still works well even if the adversary capturestnodes out ofnnodes in the WSNs. Security of the proposed scheme is modeled and analyzed with Petri nets. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme can successfully defend some of the most notorious attacks, including replay attacks, forgery attacks, and node‐capture attacks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the Frying Stability of Sunflower and Refined Olive Pomace Oils With/Without Adsorbent Treatment
Authors: Bulut Erdim , Yılmaz Emin
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to compare the frying behaviors of refined olive pomace (ROP) oil to sunflower oil in a 5‐day trial, and to evaluate the refresh capacity of a new adsorbent mixture composed of diatomaceous earth, zeolite and lime. Frying trials were performed as control and adsorbent‐treated groups. Oil samples collected after each day of frying were analyzed for physical characteristics (viscosity, turbidity, refractive index, smoke point), color values (L, a* and b*), and chemical properties (free acidity, peroxide value, conjugated dienoic acids, total polar materials). The amount of oil absorbed by the fried dough was measured. In general, results indicated that ROP oil had higher thermal stability. There were no significant differences between the quality parameters of control and adsorbent treated samples for either oil sample. Effectiveness of the new adsorbent mixture on frying oil refreshing was limited only to free acidity, viscosity, and color. Total polar materials measured with probe sensor were determined to be as accurate as the official technique, and can be recommended for quick, easy and cheap analysis. Also, there were some significant correlations between the measured oil quality parameters.
Cell of origin of lung cancer
Authors: Sutherland Kate D. , Berns Anton
Published: June 2010

Lung cancer is a devastating disease and a major therapeutic burden with poor survival rates. The discovery of rare cells with stem cell‐like properties in solid tumours is emerging as an important area of cancer research and may help explain the resistance of these tumours to current therapeutics. Despite rapid developments in cancer stem cell research in other solid tumours, progress in the lung has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the epithelial stem cell hierarchy, the heterogeneity of disease and the lack of a suitable in vivo transplantation model to assess stem cell behaviour. In this review we critically discuss what is currently known about the role of normal stem cells and cancer‐initiating cells in lung tumour development, and briefly discuss strategies aimed at advancing the field of lung stem cell biology, with an emphasis on the design and manipulation of state‐of‐art mouse models.
The influence of Al2O3 on the H2O content in periclase and ferropericlase at 25 GPa
Authors: Litasov K.D.
Published: June 2010

In this paper I present results of IR spectroscopic measurements of water solubility in Al-bearing periclase and ferropericlase (Mg# = 88) synthesized at 25 GPa and 1400–2000 °C. The IR spectra of their crystals show narrow absorption peaks at 3299, 3308, and 3474 cm−1. The calculated H2O contents are 11–25 ppm in periclase (Al2O3 = 0.9–1.2 wt.%) and 14–79 ppm in ferropericlase (Al2O3 = 0.9–2.9 wt.%). Ferropericlase contains more H2O and Al2O3 than periclase at 1800–2000 °C. I suggest that addition of Al2O3 does not influence the solubility of water in ferropericlase but can favor the additional incorporation of Fe2O3 into the structure. The incorporation of Fe3+ into ferropericlase increases water solubility as a result of iron reduction to Fe2+. It is shown that water has limited solubility in ferropericlase from mantle peridotite; therefore, ferropericlase cannot be considered an important hydrogen-bearing mineral in the lower mantle.