bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACQUIRED CYSTIC DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY AND RENAL CELL CARCINOMA ON LONG TERM HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Konishi Fumio , Mukawa Akio , Kitada Hirohisa
Published: December 2008

Four surgical cases of acquired cystic disease of the kidney in the third decade are reported, which include renal cell carcinoma in three patients and multiple adenomas and cystadenomas in all patients. The intervening parenchyma of these kidneys was disorganized as end stage kidney and numerous cysts were found in both kidneys. Some of the cysts were lined by hyperplastic epithelium consisting of clear and granular cells arranged in piled up and papillary fashion. These cysts were diagnosed as cystadenoma. Multiple solid adenomas of a 28‐year‐old male on hemodialysis for 6 years were of various size as if arranged in developing stage of the growth. Summing up all cases included in the literature, the mean duration of hemodialysis of the cases with renal tumor was 5.2 years, while 2.9 years without tumor. With increase of duration of hemodialysis, acquired cystic disease of the kidney is exposed to a high risk of developing malignancy.
ACUTE METHYL MERCURY INTOXICATION IN MICE — Effect on the Immune System —
Authors: Hirokawa Katsuiku , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: December 2008

Effect of organic mercury on the immune system was studied in experimental acute methyl mercury intoxication in mice. After 7 daily injections of methyl mercury hydroxide, marked atrophy of the thymic cortex and splenic lymphoid follicles were observed, associated with decrease of PHA‐ and LPS‐responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes as well as conversely increased both PHA‐ and LPS‐responsiveness of thymocytes. In addition, apparent decrease of antibody formation against sheep red blood cells was observed at 7 day after the last injection. However, all these changes restored to normal level within 4 weeks after the last injection. Histochemically, mercury deposits were massively found in the renal tubules and slightly in macrophages throughout the body at 7 day after the last injection. The mercury deposits in macrophages of the thymus, lymph nodes and liver increased in concentration thereafter, with concomitant decrease of those in renal tubules. Presence of mercury element in these deposits was confirmed by electron probe analysis. It was suggested that the organic mercury gave direct cytotoxic effect on lymphoctes, but the effect appeared to be soon detoxicated by macrophages.
INNUNOCYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE CONSTITUENT CELLS OF THE SECONDARY NODULES IN HUMAN TONSILS
Authors: Tsunoda Rikiya , Yaginuma Yoshio , Kojima Mizu
Published: December 2008

The rate of presence of surface immunoglobulins (sIg) and incidence of the surface receptors (SRBC‐receptor, Fc‐receptor and C3 receptor) were examined on the constituent cells of secondary nodules enucleated from human tonsils and foated in suspension. As most of the rosette‐forming cells for SRBG‐receptor were judged to belong to small round cells, the germinal center was considered to be a “non‐T‐cell region.” The coronal B‐lymphocytes and small germinal center cells were fairly matured B‐cells because both bore sIg (100%), Fc receptor (25%) and C3 receptor (90‐80%), while the former cells were thought to be more matured on the basis of their possession of surface δ‐chain. As the large germinal center cells bore sig (50%) and carried Fc receptor (25%) and C3 receptor (50%), they seemed to be the major immature cells among the cell constituents of the secondary nodules. Moreover, it is presumed that the majority of the large germinal center cells are able to differentiate into coronal B‐lymphocytes, probably memory cells, and a minor population of them into cIg‐containing cells.
COMPOSITE GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA — A Case Report and Short Term Culture of Tumor Cells —
Authors: Ishikawa Shinobu , Suzuki Toshimitsu , Oboshi (late) Shoichi , Itoh Sueshi , Watanabe Wataru
Published: December 2008

A 1‐year‐old male infant showed cerebellar signs and symptoms, and excess urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). Each of them disappeared spontaneously but a large abdominal tumor occurred at 3 years of age. Surgical specimen of the tumor was diagnosed as neuroblastoma and the patient died at 4 years of age. Autopsy revealed the huge tumor originated from the right adrenal, and occupying the retroperitoneum, pelvic cavity and posterior mediastinum. Histology of the primary lesion was chiefly that of ganglioneuroma, while all of the metastatic ones neuroblastoma. Transitional histology from neuroblastoma to ganglioneuroma was also observed in the primary lesion. The diagnosis was designated as composite ganglioneuroblastoma. The surgical material of the metastatic neuroblastoma was cultured for 2 months in vitro and the tumor cell clumps extended spontaneously abundant long neurites. This phenomenon suggests the high maturation ability of the neuroblastoma cells.
PELIOSIS HEPATIS. An Unusual Case Involving Multiple Organs
Authors: Ichijima Kunio , Kobashi Yoichiro , Yamabe Hirohiko , Fujii Yoshihiro , Inoue Yuji
Published: December 2008

The case is that of a 70‐year‐old Japanese male who had peliosis hepatis with disseminated peliotic lesions in various organs. The initial sign was spontaneous pneumothorax followed by pulmonary hemorrhage. There was no history of anabolic steroid ingestion and his history of pulmonary tuberculosis revealed no pathological changes. Autopsy findings suggested that dilatation of sinusoids with slow progressive injury of sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes due to unknown local and general etiologic factors may be an initial mechanism in the development of peliosis hepatis.
PRELYMPHOMATOUS AND LYMPHOMATOUS CHANGES SPLENOMEGALY OF NEW ZEALAND BLACK MICE
Authors: Yumoto Tokichi , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Yoshida Haruhiko , Ando Kazufumi , Matsui Katsuaki
Published: December 2008

The incidence of splenomegaly was 39.6% in the nontreated group 41.0% in the treated group, not significantly different between both gr Thymic lymphoma group shared 27.6%, while the nonthymic lymphoma gr 67.9%, significantly different between both. Histological findings of sp megaly of the nonlymphoma groups were divided into the following types. 1) follicular form, 2) periarterial lymphatic sheath form, 3) red hematopoietic form, 4) marginal zone form, and 5) red pulp reticulosis Histology of the spleen in the lymphoma group resembled each form of of splenomegaly in the nonlymphoma group. Lymphoma based upon mune abnormality and specific to this kind of mouse in nonthymic lympl continuously takes place from prelymphomatous changes in the nonlympl group. Splenic origin and role of marginal zone of nonthymic lymphor murine lymphoma is discussed.
NON‐HODGKIN MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DESMOSOME‐LIKE JUNCTIONS
Authors: Imai Yutaka , Kasajima Takeshi , Terashima Kazuo , Dobashi Michio , Matsuda Mikio
Published: December 2008

Seventy‐nine cases of non‐Hodgkin malignant lymphoma were light and electron microscopically evaluated with special reference to intercellular correlationship comparing with non‐neoplastic lymph nodal cells and cultured B cells. Reticulum cells and histiocytes are regarded as an independent cell unit. Reticulum cell sarcoma shows a fibrosarcomatous proliferation with abundant reticulin fibers, while histiocytic sarcoma is confined to a pleomorphic neoplasm with valid phagocytization. Lymphoid cells are divided into large, intermediate and small lymphocytes. Under inflammation and cultivation they, especially intermediate and large, preferentially proliferated clustering in a reticular fashion, which are designated as reticular lymphocytes, in contrast with nonreticular lymphocytes individually separated. The desmosome‐like junctions are found among reticular lymphocytes not only in but also outside germinal centers as well as in vessels and among cultured B cells. Lymphocytic sarcomas, either nodular or diffuse, are classified into reticular and nonreticular types in association with their cellular sizes. The desmosome‐like junctions are predisposedly disclosed in reticular lymphoma irrespective of proliferating patterns, nodular or diffuse, and of membrane character, B or T. And the junctions are not regarded as a hallmark for follicular or nodular lymphomas of germinal center cell origin.
ELASTIC FIBERS OF PANCREATIC DUCTAL SYSTEMS IN PANCREATITIS
Authors: Kojima Kuniji
Published: December 2008

In an attempt to clarify the etiology of idiopathic pancreatitis, 14 cases of chronic idiopathic pancreatitis were histologically examined. A nest of small cysts consisting of cystic, distended pancreatic ductules with a complete lack of elastic fibers in the wall was observed in 3 out of 14 cases. Studies were then focused on the behavior of elastic fibers in pancreatic ductal system in 100 cases of normal pancreas, 55 cases of chronic pancreatitis and 10 cases of pancreatolithiasis. Partial hypoplasia and/or aplasia of elastic fibers in the walls of pancreatic ductules were demonstrated with a frequency of 30% in normal pancreas, 36.3% in pancreatitis and 50% in pancreatolithiasis cases. Formation of a nest of small cysts was detected in 4 cases of normal pancreas, 3 cases of pancreatitis and 1 case of pancreatolithiasis. It was presumed that these abnormalities of elastic fibers and formation of small cysts containing inspissated secretions might act as potential etiologic or aggravating factors in pancreatitis by a mechanism of either disturbing normal pancreatic outlow or changing pressure in the duct.
A PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS PARTICULARLY OF ANEURYSMS OTHER THAN SACCULAR ONES
Authors: Akimoto Yoshitaro
Published: December 2008

The author has investigated grossly and microscopically 90 intracranial aneurysms among 63 Individuals, autopsied at the Tokyo‐to Medical Examiner Office and partly at the 2nd Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine. These aneurysms consisted of 74 of the saccular type, 5 of the arteriosclerotic type, 6 of the spindle‐shaped aneurysm of the vertebrals and 5 of the dolichoectatic type, respectively. In this paper, the author has discussed the differences of pathogenesis of the above mentioned four types of aneurysms. The saccular aneurysm is thought to occur from turbulence of blood stream by intimal thickening developing from “Verzweigungspolster” (VP) of Rotter15 at the neck of the aneurysm, and the arteriosclerotic aneurysm to occur by the same manner as the saccular one, superimposed on severe atherosclerosis during a long time. The spindle‐shaped aneurysm of the vertebral arteries is thought to be of inflammatory nature, relating to slowness of blood stream in the vertebral arteries, and the dolichoectatic aneurysm to be due to hemodynamic disturbance of the vertebro‐basilar artery system by means of atherosclerosis of the arterial walls neighboring to the top of the basilar artery.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE OSSIFICATION OF THE POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT (OPLL)
Authors: Hashizume Yoshio
Published: December 2008

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), which causes marked spinal cord compression, occurs more frequently in Japan than in other parts of the world. To investigate the mechanism of this ossification, we examined two cases of mixed type of OPLL inducing severe neurological signs due to spinal cord compression and three cases of segmental OPLL type without neurological signs. Ossification of the ligament begins at the upper end of posterior margin of the vertebral body and distends mainly downward along the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and finally replaces the PLL completely. Ossification consists of compact bones with lamellar structures. In the upper end of the posterior margin of the vertebral body, where the PLL fuses with the cortical bone of vertebral body, ossification always has a direct contact with cortical bone and in this portion proliferation of cartilaginous tissue and calcification were observed. Proliferation of cartilaginous tissue plays a key role in the formation of OPLL and occurs mainly by an enchondral ossification. In three among twenty one cases of cervical vertebrae examined as the control, small foci of ossification were observed which might be related to the initial phase of OPLL. Spinal cords of case 1 and 2 showed marked indentation and flattening with the loss of nerve cells, severe fibrous gliosis of the gray matter and demyelination of the anterior column. Venous congestion due to compression and vulnerability of gray matter to anoxia is important for the histological changes of spinal cord.
A NEUROPATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF A CASE OF TYROSINOSIS
Authors: Kobayashi Makio , Nakamuea Toshihiko , Akai Keiichiro
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of tyrosinosis was reported. The patient was a 5‐month‐old boy who had jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly since 10 weeks after his birth. Tyrosine blood level was 6.937 mg/dl and the level of p‐HPPA oxidase low. Neuropathologically, the cerebral lesions were characterized by a spongy state, vacuoles in neuronal cells and focal deposition of PAS‐positive substance in and around the axon. The electron microscopic examination revealed axonal degeneration and unusual deep cortical structure, possibly axons, containing numerous lysosomes, elongated mitochondria and MCB‐like bodies in unmyelinated axon. These facts were suggested to represent morphologic evidence of altered cellular metabolism, related to impaired tyrosine degradation.
IDIOPATHIC ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION IN A 3‐MONTH‐OLD CHILD, ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Hamazaki Minoru
Published: December 2008

Idiopathic arterial calcification, which is characterized by intimal fibroblastic proliferation in arteries with mural calcification, may be a cause of sudden death in children. We presented here a three‐month‐old male infant terminating in sudden death, whose postmortem examination revealed characteristic occlusive disorder of the coronary arteries, associated with secondary myocardial infarction. Histologic study of the coronary arteries demonstrated fibrous intimal proliferation and numerous calcified foci in the internal elastic lamina or in the intima, causing luminal occlusion of the arteries. Similar morphologic changes were found in medium‐sized elastic or muscular arteries of other organs. These light microscopic features are consistent with that of so‐called idiopathic arterial calcification. Electron microscopic examination of the coronary arteries revealed foamy degeneration of the internal elastic lamina, with focal aggregates of granular high density material. It is suggested that these light and electron microscopic changes of the internal elastic lamina may disclose the fundamental process resulting in mineralization of the lamina, with secondary fibroblastic hyperplasia in the intima.
UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND WITH OSTEOCLAST‐LIKE GIANT CELLS
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroshi , Koga Sunao , Watanabe Hidenobu , Enjoji Munetomo
Published: December 2008

Three cases of undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland with osteoclast‐like giant cells resembling those of giant‐cell tumor of bone are presented. The clinical and morphologic characteristics of these cases are described and the literature concerning these tumors is reviewed. The lesions occur in elderly people, grow rapidly and are fatal, as do the usual undifferentiated carcinomas of the thyroid gland. Nevertheless, the tumors differ histologically from the usual undifferentiated carcinoma of giant cell or spindle cell type in having the osteoclast‐like giant cells with many, small, uniform, benign appearing nuclei. All three tumors contained partial areas of moderately to well differentiated carcinoma; papillary carcinoma in two, and follicular carcinoma in one. Although the histogenesis of the osteoclast‐like multinucleated giant cells is not definitely established, it is proposed that the giant cells are reactive in nature and histiocytic in origin because of their benign appearance, phagocytic activity, high level of acid‐phosphatase activity, and some ultrastructural features and that they are formed by fusion of mononucleated histiocytes.
GENERALIZED CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION DISEASE IN NEONATES AND INFANTS
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Komatsu Yoshiharu , Hosokawa Yoshiaki , Nakashima Teruyuki , Nakashima Nobuko , Yano Hiroshi , Hashimoto Takeo , Nakashima Hirobumi , Takeya Shigeru
Published: December 2008

Cytomegalic inclusion disease (C.M.I.) is caused by the salivary gland virus which is species‐specific, and characterized by formation of inclusion‐bearing cells in various organs. From the view point of spreading, it is divided into the localized and generalized type. We studied 18 generalized cases of infants in whom inclusion‐bearing cells were detected in more than three organs. As to the portal of entry and the time of infection, cytomegalic inclusion disease can be classified into three subgroups in infants; congenital form (2 cases), early acquired form (8 cases) and acquired form with other debilitating diseases (8 cases).
CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ETHYLNITROSOUREA ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF RAT EMBRYOS Special References to Carcinogenesis and Teratogenesis
Authors: Fujiwara Hisao
Published: December 2008

For the purpose of observing the cytotoxic effect of N‐ethyl, N‐nitrosourea (ENU), a potent carcinogen on the central nervous system (CNS) at the late period of organogenesis, the embryonal telencephalic wall was hourly examined under the light and electron microscopes. Pregnant rats on the 13th day and 15th day of gestation were given either a single intravenous injection of 40 or 80 mg./kg. of ENU. The cytotoxic effect on the embryo treated on the 15th day of gestation was severer than that treated on the 13th day of gestation. The common pathological changes in both treated groups are; (1) mitotic arrest 1 hour after administration in the most inner zone of the ventricular layer, (2) degeneration and necrosis occurred predominantly in the so‐called DNA synthetic zone and resulting in cell loss of the ventricular layer, (3) elimination of degenerating products; and (4) tissue repair. The findings mentioned may indicate a cytotoxic effect inducing microencephalia, and furthermore, the teratogenic and carcinogenic mechanisms are discussed.
A REPORT ON THE PATHOLOGY OF TYPE A BOTULISM
Authors: Toyoda Hiroshi , Omata Kosaku , Fukai Koji , Akai Keiichiro
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of type A botulism, a sacrifice during the first outbreak in Japan, was presented. The patient exhibited typical neuromuscular symptoms and died on the 8th day from the onset of illness. Type A Clostridium botulinum was demonstrated from the stools and the toxin from the blood serum during the course of disease. The infection source of botulinus bacilli, however, was not clarified. The autopsy diagnoses were made as follows; 1) type A botulism, 2) bronchopneumonia, 3) respirator brain, 4) congestion, 5) hemorrhage in vagal nerve, myocardium and endometrium, 6) gastric erosion, 7) cloudy swelling of kidneys, 8) enterocolitis, 9) focal necrosis of liver and adrenals, 10) demyelination of cranial nerves, and 11) focal hyaline degeneration of striated and smooth muscles and myocardium. The botulinus toxin was confirmed from the samples of cardiac blood at autopsy.
ATYPICAL LEUKEMIA — Relation to Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia —
Authors: Nemoto Keiichi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 71‐year‐old man with atypical leukemia was reported. The interesting points in this case were the followings: (1) three clonal proliferations; granulocytic, monocytic, megakaryocytic; (2) abnormality of several kinds of blood cells; (3) phagocytosis of granular leucocytes within megakaryocytes; (4) elevation of anti‐EB virus antibody, and (5) detection of herpes‐type virus‐like particle in the nucleus of monocytoid cell in peripheral blood. Relationship between atypical leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia was also discussed.
MEASLES GIANT CELL PNEUMONIA IN CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA IN REMISSION
Authors: Tokunaga Osamu , Tanimura Akira , Morimatsu Minoru , Nakashima Teruyuki
Published: December 2008

A four‐year old girl had acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission with immunosuppressive chemotherapy and complicated giant cell pneumonia. Investigations by light and electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase study of autopsy material disclosed measles virus nature of the penumonia, although there was no typical rash of the disease. Similar giant cells were seen in the gastric and colon mucosa, and the other of Warthin‐Finkeldey type in the spleen, and lymph nodes of pulmonary hiluses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first discription of gastric giant cells with inclusion of measles virus.
APPLICATION OF PERFLUOROCHEMICALS IN HUMAN BEINGS — A morphological report of a human autopsy case with some experimental studies using rabbit —
Authors: Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Kitazawa Mikio
Published: December 2008

The first autopsy case of a patient treated with Perfluorochemicals (PFC, Fluorocarbon) for hemolytic anemia, occurring after an operation for dissecting aneurysm, is reported. The results of preliminary experiments on the effects of histopathological manifestation of tissue with the administration of Perfluorochemicals in rabbit are also described. Both in human and experimental materials, the reticuloendothelial organs, blood monocytes and macrophages including histiocytes were markedly blocked in their phagocytic activities in every portion of the organs examined, and transformed themselves into ballooning foamy cells upon administration of PFC. Morphologically, the excretion of this chemical from either the lung or the urinary system can not be certified. The particles compatible to Perfluorochemicals are still found in the cytoplasm of cells in various organs, a full four months after the administration of Perfluorochemicals in the experiments. It is evident that further studies are necessary, regarding the use of Perfluorochemical in human beings.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY OF RHINO MOUSE, AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MUTANT WITH MURINE LUPUS‐LIKE DISEASE
Authors: Kawaji Hisanori , Tsukuda Eyoichi , Nakaguchi Takeshi
Published: December 2008

Detection of high incidence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was reported in young homozygous rhino mice employing formalinized chicken erythrocyte nuclei as substrate for indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assay. The titers of ANA heightened with increasing age, and attained to 1:1024 by the time mice reached 5 months of age. The occurrence of ANA was associated with development of splenic and hepatic fibrosis, glomerulonephritis and abnormalities of lymphoreticular tissue. The granular deposits of IgG and C3 detected by direct IF were initially found at the basement membrane of dermal‐epidermal junction of rhino mice aged 2.5 months. These deposits distributed progressively in the fibrotic areas of spleen and liver, and renal glomerular tufts at 5 months of age. Dense deposits revealed by electron microscopy were found in the regions where IF of IgG and G3 was observed. Acid buffer eluates from liver and kidney contained IgG reactive with nuclear antigens. Importance of homozygous rhino gene was discussed in relation to development of autoimmune disorders of these mice.
GRANULE FORMATION IN RAT MAST CELLS — Study with Serial Ultrathin Sections —
Authors: Takeoka Osamu , Hidaka Takashi , Ikeda Norimichi , Ashihara Tsukasa
Published: December 2008

The process of granule formation in mast cells was investigated with young mast cells in the milky spot of adult rats, seven days after an intraperitoneal injection of distilled water. Serial ultrathin sections were made and examined with an electron microscope to reveal the following results. The early step of granule formation is observed as a complex which consists of an irregularly shaped narrow vestibular space and several primary aggregate granules which are bowl‐like in form, attached to the vestibular space and contain a few subgranules. The vestibular space has microvilli. The precursor materials seem to be secreted from the microvilli and transported through the vestibular space into the primary aggregate granules, being coagulated to become subgranules. As the subgranules increase in number, the primary aggregate granules become aggregate granules which grow further to their maximum size. With further addition of the materials, the aggregate granules become, through a step of ropy cord granule, mature dense homogeneous granules. The complex seems to remain as a unit after the maturation of granules and to react as a whole to any stimulus.
SUPPRESSION AND ACCELERATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AMYLOIDOSIS IN MOUSE MODEL
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Ishikawa Shinobu , Motoyama Tei‐ichi , Oboshi Shoichi
Published: December 2008

Leupeptins, protease inhibitors, suppress the appearance of experimental amyloidosis in CBA mice induced by the injections with complete Freund's adjuvant. This substance, however, should be administered continuously from 1 week prior to amyloid induction to the end of the experiment. On the other hand, Trypan blue, inhibitors of lysosomal enzymes, accelerates experimental amyloidosis in the mouse model above‐mentioned. Trypan blue is effective when given either prior to or at the same time of the initiation of amyloid induction. Organic Germanium has not been confirmed to be a potent suppressor of experimental murine amyloidosis but the experimental group administered this substance continuously from 1 week prior to the induction shows a rather low incidence of amyloidosis, and the average number of amyloidotic organs per affected mouse is about half of that of the control group. The suppression and acceleration of experimental murine amyloidosis presented here are a useful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of amyloidosis.
ERYTHREMIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA
Authors: Taki Toyohiko , Wakabayashi Takashi , Kishimoto Hidemasa
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of erythremia with sideroblastic tumor cell proliferation is described. A 60‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital due to general fatigue and anorexia. Bone marrow aspiration revealed abnormalities in erythropoiesis (megaloblasts, 4%; sideroblasts, 84%; ring‐formed, 39%, and PAS‐positive, 5%). Therapy was directed to pulmonary tuberculosis. Anemia was not improved despite repeated whole blood and platelet transfusions. Serum iron and percentage saturation of the total iron‐binding capacity rose during the course. Administration of vitamin B12, B6 or folic acid was ineffective. INAH was replaced by its derivative, IHMS, during the course, but the population of sideroblasts especially of ring‐sideroblasts was invariably large (78%‐100% and 39%‐65% for total sideroblasts and ring‐sideroblasts, respectively). He died with increasing abdominal pain and jaundice after three months’hospitalization. Main autopsy findings were: diffuse proliferation of atypical erythroblasts in the bone marrow, systemic lymph nodes, liver, spleen and kidneys. Most of the cells positively stained with iron. Tuberculosis of lungs with cavity formation. Discussion is focussed on the relationship between erythremia and sideroblastic anemia.
TWO SIBLINGS WITH HYPOPHOSPHATASIA
Authors: Nakanishi Isao , Masuda Shinji , Katsuda Shogo , Kihara Junko , Ihara Masaki , Yamazaki Chikara
Published: December 2008

Two siblings with hypophosphatasia, one of whom was autopsied, were reported. The first case which was a product of a 26‐year‐old mother complicated by hydroamnios represented poor mineralization of the entire bones on X‐ray examination and died shortly after birth. The second case weighing 1850 g delivered from the same mother had a rhizomelic micromelia and poor visualization of the skull, long bones and vertebral bones on X‐ray at postmortem. The autopsy on the second case showed small thoracic cage with rachitic rosaries of ribs, membranous skull and poorly ossified vertebral and long bones. Microscopically, there was a marked disturbance of both enchondral and membranous ossifications similar to the histology of rachitis. A biochemical examination showed low alkaline phosphatase, high calcium and normal PTH in the serum. Further examination of their family revealed relatively low level of alkaline phosphatase of the parents and one of their brothers which suggested they were carriers of hypophosphatasia. Previous reports on hypophosphatasia were reviewed and differential diagnosis of hypophosphatasia from the other congential dwarfisms was discussed.
WATERY DIARRHEA, HYPOKALEMIA AND ACHLORHYDRIA SYNDROME — Morphological and Immunohistological Study —
Authors: Kasajima Takeshi , Shinzawa Haruhide , Matsuda Mikio , Terashima Kazuo , Imai Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A case of WDHA syndrome accompanied by a pancreatic tumor in a 44‐year‐old Japanese male is presented, the 6th case in Japan. Clinically, the patient suffered from unremitting watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria with marked anemia and jaundice. The patient died of emaciation, dehydration and bronchopneumonia, and an autopsy was performed. Autopsy examination revealed a hen's egg‐sized tumor in the tail of the pancreas with metastases in liver, lungs and lymph nodes. In addition, bronchopneumonia and diabetic nephrosclerosis were present. Histologically, the tumor had the characteristics of an islet cell tumor, and histochemically the tumor cells were positive to Grimelius’stain which revealed non‐B‐islet cell features. Electron‐microscopically, the tumor cells had electron dense round membrane‐bounded granules resembling non‐B‐granules of pancreatic islet cells. With the immunoperoxidase procedure (PAP method), tumor cells nearly almost reacted to anti‐vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) serum, which suggested that the tumor of the present case had the capability to produce VIP.
DISSEMINATED NECROTIZING LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY
Authors: Nakazato Yoichi , Ishida Yoichi , Morimatsit Mitsunori
Published: December 2008

A 30‐year‐old male with chronic myelogenous leukemia was treated by intrathecal instillation of methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside because of meningeal infiltration of leukemic cells. He developed neurological signs of bilateral cerebral dysfunction with progressive deterioration and died. The neuropathological changes consisted of multiple small areas of demyelination and coagulative necrosis that were randomly disseminated in the cerebral white matter. There was a remarkable decrease of glial nuclei and occasional deposits of mineral salts. Numerous axonal swellings were observed within and around the necrotizing foci. A moderate astrocytosis and mild status spongiosus were found in the surrounding white matter. The etiological relationship of these changes to intrathecal methotrexate is discussed.
A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE LIVER IN PARAQUAT POISONING: –An Analysis of Fourteen Autopsy Cases with Emphasis on Bile Duct Injury–
Authors: Matsumoto Toshiharu , Matsumori Hideaki , Kuwabara Noriplu , Fukuda Yoshiro , Ariwa Rokuro
Published: December 2008

Fourteen autopsy cases of paraquat poisoning were studied. Seven of the eight patients who died within 4 days after the ineestion of paraquat showed hepatocytic injury, and three of them revealed bile duct injury. Hepatocytlc injury was similar to that of carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Bile duct injury consisted of epithelial changes of the bile ductules and bile ducts. Cholestasis in the bile ducts was produced by the injury. The affected blle ductules and ducts had hydropic and necrotic epithelium, associated with the infiltration of neutrophils and histiocytes in the lntraductal and periductal tissues. The severity of bile duct injury increased gradually from the bile ductules to the septal bile ducts. The extrahepatic billary tract showed the same injury as the septal bile ducts in one case. It is considered that bile duct injury was produced by a direct corrosive effect of paraquat. Five of the six patients who survived more than 8 days revealed intrahepatic cholestasis, the pathogenesis of which was not clearly understood.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SIXTEEN SUBCUTANEOUS RHEUMATOID NODULES
Authors: Fukase Masayuki , Koizumi Fumitomo , Wakaki Kunihiko
Published: December 2008

An immunopathological study was carried out on subcutaneous nodules (rheumatoid nodules) biopsied from 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sixteen rheumatoid nodules were histologically classifled into three stages; the 1st stage (acute inflammatory stage, 3 cases), the 2nd stage (granulomatous stage, 10 cases), and the 3rd stage (scar‐formed stage, 3 cases). In necrotic or granulation tissue of the nodules in the 3 stages, immunofluorescent analysis using FITC‐labeled rabbit anti‐human immunoglobulins, β1C, and flbrinogen serum γ‐globulins and FITC‐labeled aggregated human IgG gave results that were strongly positive in the 1st stage, moderately positive in the 2nd stage, and only slightly positive or almost negative in the 3rd stage. Acute or chronic thrombotic endoarteritis was observed around rheumatoid nodules in 6 out of the 16 cases. Among them, 2 cases of the 1st stage showed acute thrombotic endoarteritis with marked infiltration of neutrophils in the wall, and 2 cases of the 2nd and the 3rd stages respectively showed chronic endoarteritis with organized thrombi.
CULTURE OF ISOLATED GLOMERULI FROM NORMAL AND NEPHRITIC RABBITS
Authors: Morita Takashi , Oite Takashi , Kiaara Itaru , Yamamoto Tadashi , Hara Masanori , Naka Ayako , Ohno Shigeko
Published: December 2008

The existence of four types of cells in the glomerular outgrowths from both normal and nephritic rabbits was confirmed, and their characteristics by phase contrast, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy are described. Type I (arborized), Type II (fusiform), Type III (round), and Type IV (paving stone‐like) cells presumably originate from visceral epithelial cells, mesangial cells, monocpes, and parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule, respectively, though conclusive evidence is still lacking. The Type III cells, unlike the other types of cells, have a remarkable phagocytic capacity as well as Fc and C3 receptors.
CULTURE OF ISOLATED GLOMERULI FROM NORMAL AND NEPHRITIC RABBITS
Authors: Oite Takashi , Morita Takashi , Kihara Itaru , Yamamoto Tadashi , Suzukai Yasuhito , Okada Kananie
Published: December 2008

In the autologous phase of nephrotoxic nephritis in the rabbit, many round (Type 111) cells appeared in the glomerular outgrowth. They had receptors for Fc and C3 and a pronounced phagocytic capacity for carbon. The number of Type 111 cells in the glomerular outgrowth from rabbits 8 days after injection of nephrotoxic serum (NTS‐8) was higher than that of NTS‐10 or ‐15. In contrast, they were rarely observed in the outgrowth of glomeruli from normal and NTS‐3 rabbits. The Type I1 (fusiform) cell, a type of intrinsic glomerular cell, was also increased earlier and more markedly in NTS‐8, ‐10, and ‐15 than in normal and NTS‐3 rabbits.
FUNCTIONAL PATHOLOGY OF ALDOSTERONE‐PRODUCING ADENOMA
Authors: Tsuchiyama Hideo , Kawai Kioko , Harada Tomoyuki , Shigematsu Kazuto , Sugihara Hajime
Published: December 2008

In addition to the morphological examination, the measurement of the content of corticosteroids was done in aldosterone‐producing adenoma. Histologically, the adenoma consists of four types of cells. The major component of the adenoma was clear‐type cells. In this type of cells, the activities of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase showed weakly positive. The fine structure was characterized by numerous lipid vacuoles and poor organellae. On the contrary, intermediate‐ and compact‐type cells revealed higher than moderate activities of these enzymes. Moreover, marked development of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was noted. Zona glomerulosa‐type cells were observed only in a small part. The content of aldosterone and corticosterone in aldosterone‐producing adenoma was significantly larger than those of the other type of adenoma. A tendency of positive correlation between the increase of compact‐type cells and content of aldosterone was found. The cell origin of this aldosterone‐producing adenoma and functional role of clear‐ and compact‐type cells were also discussed.
PRIMARY CEREBRAL MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA OF THE HISTIOCYTIC TYPE
Authors: Satodate Ryoichi , Sasou Shunichi , Suzuki Akira , Nishimura Kenichi , Takahashi Shozo , Kanaya Haruyuki
Published: December 2008

A 60‐year‐old house wife complained of anorexia, headaches and vomiting for several months. Later she developed disturbances in gait. At the terminal stage of her clinical course, 3 masses in the cerebrum and one in the cerebellum were detected by angiography and CT‐scan. At autopsy, 3 masses in the frontal lobes, and one in each thalamus and still another in the cerebellum were found. They were accompanied with necrotic and haemorrhagic changes. Tumor cells were large irregular or round in shape, and showed metallophilia by the silver impregnations for reticlum cells and microglia. Some of them were multinucleated giant cells. Tumor cells showed occasionally phagocytic activity. Perivascular infiltration of tumor cells was marked around the tumor masses.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON MYOEPITHELIAL CHANGES IN BREAST TUMORS
Authors: Sugano Isamu , Nagao Koichi , Matsuzaki Osamu , Ide Genshiro , Toyota Naoji
Published: December 2008

Specific rabbit antisera directed against human uterine myosin were prepared and used for immunohistochemical studies on myoepithelial cells (MECs) in some breast tumors. In Abroadenomas, MECs were observed confined to the periductal portions but not in the stroma. In infiltrating duct carcinomas, MECs were also present as a distinctive periductal layer. Moreover, they were also seen in the infiltrating area, either associated with a small nest of carcinoma cells or freely in the stroma. Larger nests of medullary carcinomas usually were not accompanied by any layer of MECs. No MECs were detected in lobular carcinomas as far as the infiltrating area was concerned. It is suggested from these results that the behavior of MECs is significantly different, depending upon the types of breast tumors. It also appears that the present method may be useful for further analysis of the origin and growth pattern in various breast tumors.
INTRACYTOPLASMIC LUMINA OF HUMAN BREAST CANCER
Authors: Tsuchiya Shin'ichi
Published: December 2008

Intracytoplasmic lumina (ICLs) of breast carcinoma cells are dominantly noted as rather specific structures in various organella of carcinoma cells. The present study deals with the characteristic patterns of ICLs in the ultrastructural and cytological features of breast carcinomas. Ultrastructural analysis of benign and malignant breast lesions for ICLs revealed a high occurrence of such lumina in the carcinomas. Especially the lumina were frequently noted in cells of scirrhous carcinomas (scirrhous carcinoma: 42 ICLs, medullary tubular carcinoma: 24, papillotubular carcinoma: 17 per each 300 carcinoma cells, mastopathy: 7 ICLs, flbroadenoma: 3, normal mammary gland: 1 or 2 per each epithelial cell). In 55.6% of the cytological cases of scirrhous carcinoma, the tumor cells showed ICLs, whereas such lumina were found at a rate of only 3.4% in benign lesions. These results demonstrate that the detection of ICLs by cytological examination can be useful in the establishment of a diagnosis of scirrhous carcinoma, and in the decision on a breast origin for metastatic tumors.
FAT‐STORING CELLS (ITO'S CELL) OF HUMAN LIVER
Authors: Tanaka Mitsugu , Fukunaga Masaharu , Watanabe Kunitake , Kaneko Yoshihito , Takahashi Tadashi , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: December 2008

An enzyme histochemical study was carried out on fat‐storing cells, which are distributed in the space of Disse of mammalian liver. The livers used for study consisted of human autopsy materials demonstrating either acute or chronic circulatory disturbance. Fat‐storing cells contain abundant glycogen, and demonstrate a marked γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity and a weak lactate dehydrogenase activity. It is highly probable that an active glyconeo‐genesis rather than glycogenolysis is being carried out in these cells. In acute circulatory disturbance, an elevated alkaline phosphatase activity is found in the wall of sinusoids. This phenomenon is a manifestation of activated capillary endothelial cells participating in the regeneration of liver parenchyma. On the other hand, in chronic congestive liver, elevated γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity in fat‐storing cells is concerned in the proliferation of fibers in the wall of sinusoids, and elevated pressure in sinusoids is considered to be the main factor in its increased activation.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON GOLD IMPREGNATION OF FAT‐STORING CELLS IN HUMAN LIVER
Authors: Kobayashi Yasutsugu , Fujiyama Susumu
Published: December 2008

Examination of 51 human liver specimens with the modified Kupffer's gold impregnation method confirmed the presence and distribution of fat‐storing cells in various kinds of diseased livers such as fatty liver, acute centro‐lobular necrosis, subacute massive necrosis and cirrhosis as well as in liver cell carcinoma. In normal liver, gold‐reactive fat‐storing cells were distributed in the central area or difisely in lobules. In the liver with marked fatty change and obstructive jaundice, presence of fat‐storing cells was able to be clarified by this method. In cases of acute hepatocellular necrosis, the necrotic areas contained a large number of fat‐storing cells in contrast to adjacent areas. In cases of subacute massive hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis, the areas with abundant newly formed collagen fibers (type III collagen) contained many gold‐reactive fat‐storing cells. In the septa consisting of dense type I collagen flbers, by contraries, fat‐storing cells were hardly visible. The features suggested that fat‐storing cells are closely related to intralobular fibrogenesis. In one case of liver cell carcinoma, there were many gold‐reactive fat‐storing cells in tumor tissue.
COARCTATION OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA
Authors: Funata Nobuaki , Tanaka Michio , Hirokawa Katsuiku
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of coarctation of the abdominal aorta incidentally found in an 80‐year‐old male was presented. The stenotic lesion extended below the level of renal artery to the bifurcation and showed elongated hypoplastic type. Histological examination revaled adventitid fibrosis, was vasorum with occlusive change, degeneration and disappearance of the medial elastic fibers, and initial fibrosis. These features of lesser degree could also be found in the rest portion of the aorta and its branching arteries. It seemed reasonable to speculate that the intlammatory process worked on BI the etiologic factor in the present case. The microscopic features had some resemblance to Takayaeu's disease, but the macroscopic figurer were quite unusual for it. Etiological possibility of aortitis in the present cam was discussed.
AGNOGENIC MYELOFIBROSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Hamazaki Minoru , Mugishima Hideo
Published: December 2008

The case presented here is an 18‐month‐old female infant with agnogenic myelofibrosis. Clinically, this case was characterized by pancytopenia, bepatosplenomegaly, and rapidly fatal course, without response to steroids or other chemotherapy. Bone marrow biopsy and postmortem examination, revealed myeloid metaplasia of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, and conspicuous proliferation of immature cells, presumably of reticulum cells or precursors of hematopoietic cell lines, associated with prominent proliferation of reticular fibrous tissue. These morphologic features corresponded with those of agnogenic myelofibrosis, classified as a form of myeloproliferative disorder. A review of 15 cases of myelofibrosis in children collected from the literature showed a mean age of 2 years and 9 months with most cases being less than 2 years of age. There was a distinct female preponderance, while male infants with myelofibrosis were associated with Down's syndrome or C monosomy. The mean survival waa 6.7 months. Approximately 25 cases of myeloflbrosis have been reported in the English literature, while only 5 cases have been described in Japan.
UTERINE TERATOMA WITH LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Hanai Jun , Tsuji Motomu
Published: December 2008

A mature teratoma of the uterine cervix, which was found nine months after delivery, was presented. This came was the ninth in the world, the Arst in Japan. Differential diagnosis and histogenesis of the uterine teratoma were discussed on the basis of histologic Andings of this tumor and a review of literatures. Among the microscopic Andings obtained, the conspicuous lymphoid tissue in the tsunor was worthy of note, because it could be speculated to be an immunological reaction to the cells composing the tumor. It wac also suggested from the post‐partum occurrence that a fetal‐cell origin would be possible in the histogenesis, although further positive studies on this opinion should be necessary in coming cases.
NEUTROPHILIC POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES IN OBESE CHILDREN
Authors: Itoh Hiroshi , Morihana Yutaka , Cheong Wong Ki , Misu Hideo , Tamaki Takeo , Suguro Tetsuo , Hirata Yoshio
Published: December 2008

In 378 obese and 35 control children, a patho‐histometric study was performed regarding the relation of the morphology of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leucocytes(PMNL) to obesity. Sudan Black B staining studies were undertaken to compare the change In PMNL In obese and non‐obese childhood groups. The size and density of the cytoplasm of the PMNL were greater in the obese group. The average diameter of PMNL was 14.2±0.1 micra in the obese group and 13.6±0.2 in the control group. The electron microscopic feature of PMNL in the obese group included an increase In the number of the specific granules with diameter of 0.1 to 0.2 micron. These PMNL in obesity may be correlated with changes in the serum or hepatic lipid levels. An elevation of cholesterol, triglyceride, and beta‐lipoprotein in the serum was found in obese children. The hepatic function was abnormal only In advanced degree of obesity.
EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS IN MICE FOLLOWING ASCENDING INFECTION WITH E. COLI
Authors: Tanaka Noriko , Une Tsutomu , Ogawa Hidemasa
Published: December 2008

The initial interaction between uroepithelial cells and Escherichia coli which has adhesive or invasive activity for cultured cells was studied ultrastructurally at the in situ site of infection in the model of ascending pyelonephritis in mice. The densely piliated adhesive strain E77156 isolated from the urine of a patient with urinary tract infection adhered to the pelvic and renal tubular epithelial cells and colonized on their cell surfaces and thereafter in the cytoplasm. The non‐piliated invasive strain 633–65 isolated from a patient with dysentery‐like syndrome did not colonize on the uroepithelial cell surfaces but easily penetrated into the cytoplasm of these cells. Thereafter multiplication was observed in their cytoplasm. Neither strain scarcely penetrated into the interstitium via the basement membrane of the renal tubules.
RETROVIRUS PARTICLES IN SPONTANEOUSLY OCCURRING AND RADIATION‐INDUCED TUMORS IN ddY MICE
Authors: Chino Fumitoshi , Sato Fumiaki , Sasaki Shunsaku
Published: December 2008

Among spontaneously occurring tumors, pulmonary tumor, malignant lymphoma, mammary tumor, and ovarian tumor were the major ones in 232 ddY female mice. The former three tumors appeared significantly earlier and the latter one increased in incidence in 229 mice given 600 R whole or 800 R partial body (tunk) x‐irradiation at the age of 10 weeks. Five tumors were examined electronmicroscopically from each tumor type of both the spontaneously occurring and radiation‐induced tumors. G type virus particles were present only in the malignant lymphoma and B particles in the mammary, ovarian and pulmonary tumors, which are all of epithelial character. Thus, as far as we were concerned in this mouse strain, B particles were produced preferentially in epithelial cells and C particles in non‐epithelial cells. The retrovirus particles were found in the same frequency, namely, 10 of 20 tumors examined in both the tumor groups. From our results, the intervention of virus in radiation carcinogenesis still remains in question.