bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Virtual Computer Network Based on Cisco Cloud Services Router 1000V in a Private Cloud Environment
Authors: Lota Stanislaw , Markowski Marcin
Published: October 2016

Virtualization of physical network devices is a relatively new technology, that allows to improve the network organization and gives new possibilities for Software Defined Networking (SDN). Network virtualization is also commonly used for testing and debugging environments, before implementing new designs in production networks. Important aspect of network virtualization is selecting virtual platform and technology, that offer maximal performance with minimal physical resource utilization. This article presents a comparative analysis of performance of the virtual network created by the virtual CSR1000v and virtual machines running Windows 8.1 on two different virtual private cloud platforms: VMware vSphere 5.5 and Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012 R2. In such prepared testbed we study the response time (delay) and throughput of virtual network devices.
Comparison of PUFA Profiles in the Blood and in Follicular Fluid and its Association with Follicular Dynamics after PGF2α Induced Luteolysis in Dairy Cows
Authors: Atanasov Branko , Hostens Miel , Hajrulai-Musliu Zehra , Uzunov Risto , Adamov Nikola , Davkov Filip , Velev Romel , Opsomer Geert , Dovenski Toni
Published: October 2016

The objectives of the present study were to examine the fatty acid (FA) profiles in serum and in the follicular fluid (FF) and the association between polyunsaturated fatty acid level (PUFA) and follicular growth dynamics following induced luteolysis in dairy cows. A total of 29 dairy cows (CL>25mm, follicle≈15mm) at d0 (start of the experiment) were submitted to ultrasound guided transvaginal follicular aspiration for FF collection from the largest follicle and were injected with 500 μg of cloprostenol. The cows were subdivided into Group A1 (n=11) and Group A2 (n=8) resuming follicular growth either from a secondary follicle less than or larger than 8.5mm, respectively, present at the moment of aspiration and Group A0 (n=10) not resuming follicular growth. Follicular development was monitored daily by ultrasonography until the next dominant follicle reached ≈15mm and was subsequently punctured in Group A1 and A2 (d1). Serum and FF samples for FA determination were taken at d0 from all cows and at d1 in Group A1 and A2. No differences were observed between the FA profile in serum nor in FF between sampling days. Regarding the PUFA levels, the serum linoleic acid (C18:2n6) levels at d0 and d1 were significantly higher than in FF, while alpha linolenic acid (C18:3n3) was lower in the serum than in FF, both at d0 and d1. At d0, a tendency for negative correlation between serum and the FF C18:2n6 with subsequent daily follicular growth rate was observed, while, at d1 there was a strong negative correlation between the serum C18:2n6 and daily growth rate (r=−0.71; p=0.0006). The present study revealed similarities of the FA profiles in the serum and in the FF and association between serum and FF PUFA content with the follicular dynamics after induced luteolysis.
Healthier foods in perspective: What drives garlic
purchase decisions and consumption in urban
South-West Nigeria?
Authors: Akerele Dare , Ajoseh Solomon , Sanusi Rahman , Oyawole Funminiyi
Published: October 2016

Although consumer demand for food products
with more health functions has stimulated expansion of
a number of food industries in the past years, not much
is known about drivers of market participation and consumption
of such foods in Africa, and Nigeria in particular.
Consequently, the study examined factors influencing
purchase decision and consumption-expenditure on
garlic in South-West Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and the
Heckman selection model were employed for data analysis.
Results show that more than 70.0% of the respondent
households became aware of the health benefits of
garlic through media, friends/family and health workers,
with more than 75.0% consuming garlic in raw and processed
forms. The results of the Heckman selection model
indicated that sex (p<0.05) and awareness of household
head about the health benefits of garlic (p<0.01) substantially
enhanced decisions to consume garlic while
household income (p<0.01), household size (p<0.01), educational
status (p<0.1) and occupation of the household
head (p<0.1) significantly influenced consumption-expenditure.
The study recommends public education
programmes on the health benefits of garlic, efforts to
enhance access to formal education and improvement in
household income as strategies that could stimulate and
raise garlic consumption. Our findings hold enormous
implications for the sustainability of the garlic market in
terms of research and product development as it relates
to the forms in which consumers prefer to consume garlic and strategies for spreading knowledge about its health
benefits in order to achieve greater demand in the country.
Mirror Neurons, Husserl, and Enactivism: An Analysis of Phenomenological Compatibility
Authors: Hayman Genevieve
Published: October 2016

The potential for mirror neuron research to explain various aspects of social cognition has received considerable attention over the past two decades. Initially, mirror neuron research may seem in accordance with a phenomenological understanding of intersubjectivity, but the work of Dan Zahavi will be used to highlight significant incompatibilities between the two. Likewise, the enactivists Thomas Fuchs and Hanne De Jaegher identify significant issues with current interpretations of mirror neuron research and provide an alternative description of intersubjectivity. This article will assess whether the enactivists are able to provide a more phenomenologically consistent alternative to mirror neuron research alone, eventually determining that their enactive account overcomes Zahavi’s incompatibilities. Consequently, Fuchs and De Jaegher should acknowledge their relation to Husserlian descriptions of empathy in their account, and mirror neuron research should be contextualised within a broader, phenomenologically-compatible framework, as that of the enactivists.
Review of Carruthers’ Massive Modularity Thesis
Authors: Griffiths Max Skipper
Published: October 2016

According to Carruthers’ (2006) massive modularity (MM) thesis, the central systems of the mind are widely encapsulated and operate via heuristics and approximation techniques similar to those found in computer science. It follows from this, he claims, that widely encapsulated central systems are feasibly tractable. I argue that insofar as Carruthers uses this weakened definition of encapsulation, his thesis faces a dilemma: either is a misnomer (Prinz, 2006) and therefore unrecognisable as a version of MM, or it isn’t, and must put forward a convincing version of MM (Samuels, 2006). I claim that Carruthers’ commitment to this claim about central systems meets this challenge by adopting an understanding of central systems whose information-frugal and processing-frugal operations allow for feasible tractability. I conclude that the CWT provides a plausible and distinctive account of MM.
Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamics investigation on adsorption of divalent copper using agro-waste biomaterials, Musa acuminata, Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Mokkapati Ramya Prasanthi , Mokkapati Jayasravanthi , Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Published: October 2016

Three novel and distinct agricultural waste materials, viz., Casuarinas fruit powder (CFP), sorghum stem powder (SSP) and banana stem powder (BSP) were used as low cost adsorbents for the removal of toxic copper(II) from aqueous solutions. Acid treated adsorbents were characterized by SEM, EDX and FTIR. Different factors effecting adsorption capacity were analyzed and the efficiency order was BSP>SSP>CFP. Based on the extent of compatibility to Freundlich/Langmuir/D-R/Temkin adsorption isotherm and different models (pseudo-first and second order, Boyd, Weber’s and Elovich), chemisorption primarily involved in the case of CFP and SSP, whereas, simultaneous occurrence of chemisorption and physisorption was proposed in the case of BSP. Based on the observations, it was proposed that three kinetic stages involve in adsorption process viz., diffusion of sorbate to sorbent, intra particle diffusion and then establishment of equilibrium. These adsorbents have promising role towards removal of Cu(II) from industrial wastewater to contribute environmental protection.
Thermal and kinetic analysis of pure and contaminated ionic liquid: 1-butyl-2.3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (BDMIMCl)
Authors: Muhammad Ayyaz
Published: October 2016

In this research work, thermal decomposition and kinetic analysis of pure and contaminated imidazolium based ionic liquid (IL) has been investigated. As thermal decomposition and kinetics evaluation plays a pivotal role in effective process design. Therefore, thermal stability of pure 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (BDMIMCl) was found to be higher than the sample of IL with the addition of 20% (wt.) NH4Cl as an impurity. The activation energy of thermal degradation of IL and other kinetic parameters were determined using Coats Redfern method. The activation energy for pure IL was reduced in the presence of NH4Cl as contaminant i.e., from 58.7 kJ/mol to 46.4 kJ/mol.
In favour of the Argument-Adjunct Distinction (from the Perspective of FGD)
Authors: Panevová Jarmila
Published: October 2016

In this article, the critical remarks of Adam Przepiórkowski concerning the Argument- Adjunct distinction in Functional Generative Description printed in this issue are discussed and some counterarguments are given.
Biochemical and functional modifications in biathlon athletes at medium altitude training / Modificările biochimice și funcționale ale atleților biatloniști după antrenament la altitudine medie
Authors: Bădău Dana , Bacârea Anca , Ungur Ramona Natalia , Bădău Adela , Martoma Alina Mirela
Published: October 2016

Objective: The aim of our research was to identify physiological and biochemical changes induced by training at medium altitude.

Methods: Ten biathlon athletes underwent 28-day training camp at medium altitude in order to improve their aerobic effort, following the living high-base train high-interval train low (Hi-Hi-Lo) protocol. There were investigated three categories of functional and biochemical parameters, targeting the hematological changes (RBC, HCT, HGB), the oxidative (lipoperoxid, free malondialdehyde and total malondialdehyde) and antioxidative balance (the hydrogen donor capacity, ceruloplasmin and uric acid) and the capacity of effort (the maximum aerobic power, the cardiovascular economy in effort, the maximum O2 consumption).

Results: All the biochemical and functional evaluated parameters showed significant increases between the pre-training testing and post-training testing (5.13 ± 0.11 vs. 6.50 ± 0.09, p < 0.0001 for RBC; 44.80 ± 1.22 vs. 51.31 ± 2.31, p < 0.0001 for HCT; 15.06 ± 0.33 vs. 17.14 ± 0.25, p < 0.0001 for HGB; 1.32 ± 0.04 vs.1.62 ± 0.01, p < 0.0001 for LPx; 1.61 ± 0.01 vs. 1.73 ± 0.01, p < 0.0001 for free MDA; 2.98 ± 0.08 vs. 3.37 ± 0.03, p < 0.0001 for total MDA; 45.92 ± 0.13 vs. 57.98 ± 0.12, p < 0.0001 for HD; 25.95 ± 0.13 vs. 31.04 ± 0.06, p < 0.0001 for Crp; 3.47 ± 0.03 vs.7.69 ± 0.02, p < 0.0001 for UA; 63.91 ± 1.00 vs. 81.53 ± 1.97, p < 0.0001 for MAP; 33.13 ± 0.57 vs. 57.41 ± 0.63, p < 0.0001 for CVEE; 4190 ± 50.45 vs. 5945 ± 46.48, p < 0.0001 for VO2max).

Conclusions: Aerobic effort capacity of biathlon athletes has increased in the post-training period, using Hi-Hi-Lo protocol.
Investigation of Epidermal Growth Factor, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Thioredoxin System in Rats Exposed to Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Erol-Demirbilek Melike , Kilic Nedret , Komurcu Hatice Ferhan
Published: October 2016

Background: Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have neuroprotective/neurotoxic effects in cerebral ischemia. We aimed to investigate the TrxR activity, EGF and TNF-α levels in cerebral ischemic, sham-operated and non-ischemic rat brains.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats divided into three groups. Rats in control group were not subjected to any of treatments and their brains were removed under anesthesia. Middle cerebral arters were exposed but not occluded for the sham-operated rats. Animals were subjected to permanent middle cerebral arter occlusion (MCAO) in MCAO-operated group. The rats were decapitated at 16 hours (h), 48 h and 96 h after sham operation and focal cerebral ischemia. TrxR activities, EGF and TNF-α levels were measured in ischemic and non-ischemic hemispheres for all groups.

Results: In group MCAO, TrxR activities were significantly low at 48 h in ischemic hemisphere in comparison to control. After the 48 h, a remarkable increase was observed at 96 h. EGF and TNF-α levels were substantially high at 96 h in group MCAO of ischemic brain.

Conclusion: TrxR activity was reduced by oxidative stress which was formed by ischemia. EGF levels increased to exhibit neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. After ischemia, TNF-α levels increased as a response to the tissue damage. Further studies with a higher number of experimental subjects and shorter or longer periods such as from first 30 minutes up to 3 months may be more informative to show the time-dependent variations in TrxR, EGF and TNF-α in cerebral ischemic injury.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia “myelodysplastic type’’ in transformation to acute myeloid leukemia – diagnostic and therapeutic options: case report and literature review / Leucemie mielomonocitară cronică forma mielodisplazică în transformare spre leucemie acută mieloidă – diagnostic și opțiuni terapeutice: prezentare de caz și revizuirea literaturii
Authors: Cîrstea Mihaela , Coliță Adriana , Ionescu Bogdan , Vasilache Didona , Dobrea Camelia , Jardan Cerasela , Dragomir Mihaela
Published: October 2016

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder that is characterized by the presence of an absolute monocytosis (1 × 10^ 9/l) in the peripheral blood, the overlap of myelodisplastic aspects and myeloproliferative aspects in the bone marrow and tendency to transform into acute myeloid leukemia. CMML is considered to be the most aggressive chronic myeloid leukemia. We present the case of a 48 years old woman who was hospitalized in March 2013 in the Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation for anemia related symptoms. Initial investigations showed anemia, relative monocytosis (10% monocytes of the WBC differential) with an increasing absolute number of monocytes (> 1,000/μl) in the following months. Initial exploration of the bone marrow (aspirate and bone marrow biopsy and immunohistochemistry IHC tests) revealed elements of trilinear dysplasia and an increased percentage of myeloblasts (11-14%). In the next four months myeloblasts percentage remained below 20% (8-14%) and it has been observed a gradually increasing of monocytoid elements (> 20%). Immunophenotyping in the bone marrow aspirate identified a monocytic proliferation with high percentage (8%) of immature cells. The karyotype reported the presence of clones with t (1;3). Initially diagnosed as RAEB-2 (WHO) the case was recomitted in CMML-type 2 with a progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been performed after getting the best possible therapeutic response with AML chemotherapy type (complete remission). Allo-HSCT was performed using myeloablative conditioning, 12 months after diagnosis. The patient is now in complete remission, 24 months after allo-HSCT.
The Bioavailability and Evolution of Trace Metals in Environment: A Brief Review
Authors: Hui Zhang
Published: October 2016

As a kind of important pollutants, trace metals and the pollution have been become a concerned worldwide environmental problem. Despite the fact that the bioavailability of trace metals indicated by their speciation has been an indispensible parameter in the assessment and treatment of trace metal pollution, many studies suggest that the bioavailability of trace metals may change according to environmental conditions, and they can also transform between some speciation fractions. These transformations are related with factors such as the compositions, microorganism, time, and other physical-chemical conditions of the system. So, it is necessary to systematically understand and investigate for the factors to affect the transformation aside from analysis at certain time-place. The results of these understanding and investigations can be used for reasonably determining the allocation of financial and technical resources in natural and engineered processes with bringing about inspirations from the evolution of the speciation of the trace metals on environmental impacts.
AŠ IR KITAS: KELIAUTOJO ŽVILGSNIO PERSPEKTYVA
Authors: Rudaitytė Regina
Published: October 2016

Straipsnyje susitelkiama į tapatybės kūrimą lietuvių kelionių literatūroje nuo Renesanso iki mūsų laikų, ir ši problema konkrečiai analizuojama Jurgio Radvilos ir Mikalojaus Kristupo Našlaitėlio Radvilos kelionių knygose, taip pat Romualdo Lankausko ir Jurgos Ivanauskaitės kelionių tekstuose.Kelionių naratyvas – tai ne tik svarbus kultūrinis dokumentas, bet jis suponuoja ir identiteto kūrimo problemą. Kelionėje susiduriame ne tik su kultūrine kitybe ir hibridiškumu; keliaujant atsiveria įvairios savosios tapatybės pusės. Kelionė reiškia ir savęs atradimą. Analizės teorinis pradžios taškas – Homi Bhabhos ir Stuarto Hallo kritinės nuostatos ir ideologinė pozicija: tapatybė kuriama per santykį su kultūrine kitybe; tapatybė nėra stabili ir fiksuota, bet fluidiška, ji kinta priklausomai nuo vietos ir laiko; ją nulemia ideologija, istorija, galios santykiai, ją kuria istorinės ir ideologinės diskursyvinės praktikos.Šis kritinis žiūros taškas ir pasirenkamas Romualdo Lankausko ir Jurgos Ivanauskaitės knygų analizei.Romualdo Lankausko kelionių knygose atsispindi nacionalinė sąmonė, jose atsiveria Vakarų ir Rytų įvaizdžiai, įsišakniję tautos mentalitete, artikuliuojama tai, kaip sovietmečiu buvo suvokiami ir įsivaizduojami Vakarai ir Rytai (šiuo konkrečiu atveju Japonija). Lankausko kelionių knygos – tai socialiai ir ideologiškai „įkrauti“ tekstai, kurie priešinasi dominuojančiam kolonizatoriaus diskursui. Rašytojas juose pabrėžtinai demonstruoja savo susižavėjimą Vakarais ir Japonija – geografiniu ir kultūriniu „kitu“, „uždraustuoju kitu“, kuris jo tekstuose ne demonizuojamas, bet iškeliamas kaip aukštesnės civilizacijos, pranašesnio gyvenimo būdo ir vertybių pavyzdys.Rytų ir Vakarų gyvenimo būdo ir vertybių supriešinimas, sakralus metaforiškas peizažas, mirties samprata tampa svarbiais tapatybės kūrimo elementais Ivanauskaitės tekste. Simboliniu požiūriu rašytojos kelionė į mitologizuojamus Rytus, į mistinę Šambalą tampa jos sakralia vidine kelione į save, slaptas savo sielos gelmes, ieškant dvasingumo ir savęs tobulinimo, savo asmenybės keitimo galimybių. Geografinė ir dvasinė kelionė siekiant pažinti kultūrinę kitybę transformuojama į savęs pažinimo piligrimystę.
100-OSIOS JURGIO LEBEDŽIO GIMIMO METINĖS
Authors: Ambrasaitė Įrašą šifravo ir tekstą spaudai parengė: Ūla , Malažinskaitė Erika , Petuchovaitė Gintarė
Published: October 2016

2013 m. vasario 14 d. buvo paminėtos žymaus Vilniaus universiteto profesoriaus, literatūros istoriko Jurgio Lebedžio (1913–1970) 100-osios gimimo metinės. Filologijos fakulteto Lietuvių literatūros katedros organizuojamas renginys vyko Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos Baltojoje salėje. Čia, talkinant Bibliotekos darbuotojams, buvo surengta paroda „Profesoriui Jurgiui Lebedžiui – 100“, kurią renginio metu pristatė bibliotekos darbuotoja dr. Marija Prokopčik. Renginyje prisiminta, kad Lebedys Vilniaus universiteto profesoriumi dirbo 1946–1970 m., du kartus buvo išrinktas Literatūros katedros vedėju (1953–1954, 1967–1970), daugiausia domėjosi literatūros ir kultūros istorija, parengė lituanistikos šaltinių, parašė monografijų (žymiausios apie Mikalojų Daukšą ir Simoną Stanevičių). Prisiminimais apie Profesorių dalijosi vienaip ar kitaip su juo susiję žmonės: prof. Viktorija Daujotytė, prof. Eugenija Ulčinaitė, habil. dr. Ingė Lukšaitė, prof. Kęstutis Nastopka, dr. Sigitas Narbutas, filosofas Romualdas Ozolas, vakaro svečias Lebedžio sūnus Jurgis Lebedys, Vandos Zaborskaitės „Raštų“ rengėja Virgilija Stonytė. Minėjimo renginį vedė dabartinė Lietuvių literatūros katedros vedėja prof. Dainora Pociūtė ir dr. Darius Kuolys.
Structure life forms of the species of the family Plantaginaceae
Authors: Hrytsyna M. R.
Published: October 2016

In the article is conducted an analysis of structure of life–form of types of species of the genus Veronica and shallow families of Callitrichaceae and Plantaginaceae is for determination of criteria of their associacion in new family of Plantaginaceae, distinguished in molecular–phylloginatec system APG ІІІ. Based on molecular–phylloginatec explorations the family of Scrophulariaceae collide on seven monophyletic clade. Veronicaceae clade is one of the biggest line orders Lamiales, now it is rised to the rang of the family and named Plantaginaceae. Molecular researches confirmed integrity of clade on a 98%. System APG operates only monophyletic units, that causes her considerable differences from evolutionary – morphological. Therefore, at the construction of the new system is necessary to take morphological, ecological features and principles of evolutionary systematization into account. We have learnt the most wide types of families of the life form structure, such as Veronicа, Callitrichace, Plantaginо. Veronica chamaedrys can be refered to types of sympodial creeping longrooted, herbal polycarpic aklonalnyj types life–form, with anizotropical, monopodial, non–rosette monocarpic shoots and by frondozed inflorescence. Veronica serpyllifolia that is creeping rooted of few (3 – 4) year life forms aklonalnyj types with non–rosette, anisotropy, monocarpial monopodial shoots, which gradually moving to tasssels. At the brought weed plant of Veronica persica during one year the life–form of rodrooted is formed clone form renascent with the anisotropic type of extended monocarpical of monopodial shoots. Similarity of structure of flower, in particular stamen vehicle, reduction of duration of life cycle from perennial to little old and annual plant to unite these species in one clade ad. However, development of life form depends anymore on the terms of environment, than genotype. While generative area of plant is more conservative.
The iodine content of the soil and cereals in the area of the Woodlands
Authors: Hunchak R. V. , Sedilo H. M. , Vovk S. O.
Published: October 2016

Because of the natural laws of the chain «soil–plant–animal» trace element status of pigs in the conditions of industrial technology of cultivation depends on the quantity and value of various macro– and microelements in feed, which is the result of absorption from the soil. Among feed factors, one of the limiting micronutrient is iodine. We, in terms of Farm «Amila» Turiysk district, Volyn region, investigated levels of iodine in the grain group of plants (barley, triticale, oats, rye), which is used to feed pigs as fullcomponent feed, depending on the accumulation of trace elements in the soil. It was established that the average iodine content in sod–podzolic soils (36% of all arable land) farms located within 7.48 ± 0.46 mg/kg, clay and sand 5.6 ± 0.38 mg/kg and gley–sandy – 5.96 ± 0.67 mg/kg. Thus, the study of grain grown on these lands have shown that the level of iodine in them was low and ranged from 49 to 77 mg/kg. Given the data provided to us agrochemical analysis of soil (the humus, pH, exchange nitrogen, mobile forms of manganese, zinc, copper, iron, cobalt, boron and sulfur), it was found that the pH of the soil on the farm was, on average, at 6.1 – 7.5 humus content – 2% – 3%, nitrogen – 48 – 72 mg/kg. In the majority of areas in the studied soils found very high boron content (> 0.7 mg/kg) and very low concentration of copper (<0.11 mg/kg) and iron (<0.08 mg/kg). Amid moderate soil providing mobile forms of the investigated macro– and microelements (N, Mn, Zn, S) detected an imbalance in the concentration of B, Cu, Fe, is likely to affect the concentration of iodine in soil fixing its potential, which in turn depends on ability to maintain atomic iodine and facilitate its absorption. It is possible that the rate of absorption of iodine from the soil under these conditions is also insufficient. Taking into account the available information on the specific components of iodine in the diet to ensure the body metabolism pigs must decide on the further introduction of easily accessible iodine–containing drugs.
Reppoductive ability of ukrainian black and white dairy cows
Authors: Kuziv M. I. , Fedorovych E. I.
Published: October 2016

The major components of economically useful traits in cattle dairy productivity, which conducted the selection is milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano–Frankivsk region. Ukrainian black and white dairy breed in the western region of Ukraine is characterized by good reproductive ability. Depending on the husbandry and lactation duration, service period lasted within 87.4 – 121.5 day, intercalving period – within 364 – 402.6 day, dry period within – 47.3 – 72.9 day, the fertility index was 46.3 – 48.0, coefficient of reproductive ability – within 0.92–0.99,  output of calves per 100 cows – within 91.8 – 98.8. The duration of pregnancy in cows of different  farms and lactations were in range 277 – 283.5 day and meet the requirements of the physiological norm. It has been shown that the milk yield of cows depends on the parameters of reproductive capacity. The correlation between duration of service–period and intercalving period, and milk yield, milk fat in most cases was positive. Correlation dry period duration and parameters of milk yield changed from negative to positive. Depending on the husbandry, lactation and index the impact share of service–period duration on milk yield was 7.0 – 29.7, for intercalving period – 8.8 – 31.8, for dry period – 9.2 – 23.8% respectively.
Effect of feeding sows PVMA Intermiks on digestibility and metabolism of pigs
Authors: Lyubasyuk N. V.
Published: October 2016

Pork production in modern conditions associated with the use of feed and dietary supplements as part of diets, because without them to provide animals essential nutrients almost impossible. Especially for little Ingredient grain rations. Therefore have resorted to creating new PVMA. These concerns and PVMA Intermiks PS – 7.5% and Intermiks LS – 20% – according to gestation and lactating sows. So were conducting research on the influence of feeding PVMA Intermiks sows in different periods of the reproductive cycle of feed digestibility and metabolism of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in their piglets weaned at 28 days age. Research groups conducting two–analogues pigs of large white breed balance method, under which the pigs were kept in individual cages and accounted for eight days consumed feed, feces and urine color. The live weight per head was 9 kg. Sows experimental group during 85 days gestating 7.5% by weight was replaced grain mix PVMA Intermiks PS, and next to farrowing and weaning piglets at 28 days age, replaced 20% concentrated feed on PVMA Intermiks LS. Sows in the control group were kept in complete feed appropriate. After all born piglets up to 14 days eating a special supplement Intermiks SP «Bambino» – 25%, and from 14 to 28 days – Intermiks SP – 25%. Studies have shown that feeding sows PVMA Intermiks increases performance polycarpous 10.8% weight in the pig–breeding nests by 25.3% and 13.3% macrocarpa. The weight of a piglet at birth the control and the experimental groups was 1.05 and 1.19 kg and at weaning at 28 days of life – 8.52 and 9,1 kg. Piglets from sows receiving PVMA Intermiks had higher levels of digestibility of crude oil (3.3%) and fiber (to 5.37%). No significant difference was obtained for the digestibility of dry, organic matter and protein compared to piglets from sows with complete feed in the diet. In the experimental pigs tends to increase the number of nitrogen retained in the body (14.5 %) and from the accepted and digested (by 4.4 and 6.0%). Terms feeding lactating sows gestation and no likely impact on calcium and phosphorus in pigs weaned at 28 days age.
Ecological and Agrochemical Certification Farm and Forage Land of Agricultural Enterprises in Ternopil region, Berezhany District LLC «Zhyva Zemlia Potutory» and LLC «Krona»
Authors: Pavliv A. V.
Published: October 2016

Ecological and agrochemical certification of farm land and forage landof such agriculturalenterprises as LLC «Zhyva Zemlia Potutory» in the village of Potutory, Berezhany district, Ternopil region and LLC «Krona» in the village of Zhukiv, Berezhany district, Ternopil region has been conducted. Soil has been characterized according to the content of humus, nitrogen (which is easily hydrolyzed), moving phosphorus, exchange potassium, moving type of sulphur as well as according to the soil acidity (pH and hydrolytic). The dynamics of weight indices of the main agrochemical characteristics of ashen–gray soil have been determined. It has been determined, that the indices have greater variability at the level of a separate field and it is less at the level of an enterprise. Having analyzed the indices of the agrochemical state of the soil of farm land and forage land of such agricultural enterprises as LLC «Zhyva Zemlia Potutory» in the village of Potutory, Berezhany district,  Ternopil region and LLC “Krona”in the village of Zhukiv, Berezhany district, Ternopil region, is has been determined, that the soil have satisfactory agrochemical properties and are characterized by optimum conditions for growing crops and obtaining full value yields. The limiting factor is low content of  nitrogen, which is easily hydrolyzed.
Modern aspects of operation liner teat cups
Authors: Paliy A. P.
Published: October 2016

Major traumatic effect in milking cows has liner teat, a structural element of the milking cup. Tires that do not meet the requirements during milking animals may rub the nipple to corns and often causes bleeding, and is a peddler of disease, as are cracks rubber breeding sites of infection, which affects the quality of milk and often causes mastitis. An improved method of diagnosing performance properties liner teat milking cups is done as follows: using metering unit is working length rubber. Then make measurement extension product in tension under the weight of 6 kg, which occurs within 60 seconds, and exercise determine deformation sucker. The next phase is carried calculation of the duration of use liner in days (T), taking into account the number of milking machines in milking installation (к), frequency of milking herds per day (m) and the number of cows in the herd, which caters milking unit (n). After making these measurements and calculations, the results are interpreted as follows: liner teat milking cups usable only if its elongation under a load of 6 kg not exceeding 5 mm, deformation of the suction cup is in the range from 0 mm to 3 mm. If the life of the liner, as calculated by the formula is more than 185 days, it replaced no later than 6 months of operation. Scientific and economic experiments established that the introduction given by way of selection, condition monitoring and timely replacement liner teat milking cups enhances the intensity milk output 5.2 – 7.5%, decrease in the duration of the milking by 8.0 – 10.5%, disease of cows to mastitis to 8,5%. Implemented research and development will allow for broader studies that focus on technological process of machine milking cattle. Further findings will create prerequisites for optimum interaction liner teat milking cups from the udder of animals.
Features of growth of the living mass of different ukrainian black–spotted lines dairy cows breed during the period of their breeding
Authors: Poslavska Yu. , Fedorovych E. , Bodnar P.
Published: October 2016

The article presents data concerning the dynamics of living mass growth of different Ukrainian Black–Spotted dairy cows breed during their growing in certain age periods (n = 2357): newborns, 6–, 12–, and 18 months. The studies were conducted in conditions of LLC «Molochni riky» Sokalj district, Lviv region. Living mass of the animals was determined on the basis of primary zootechnical accounting (within the past 30 years). It was established that cows from the investigated lines of Ukrainian Black–Spotted breed during their growing were distinguished by the indexes of living mass and average daily rates in certain age periods. The indicated figures in all investigated age periods were higher in animals lines: Starbuck 352790, Reflection Sovereign 198998, Eleveish 1491007, Annas Adem 30587 Athlete and 4098. In the live weight of newborns heifers these lines are within 32.3 – 34.2 at 6 months of age – within 177.5 – 182.4 kg, at 12–months – within 293.0 – 298, and 18 months – within 400.7 – 417.4. It should be noted that this indicator in all age periods of animals in specified lines was higher than the breed standard. The lowest rates of living mass in the search age periods were characterized animal lines of Astronauts 1458744, Siling Traijune Rokita 252803 and Butmaker 1450228. This indicator in them at the age of 18 months, ranged from 368.5 to 374.3 kg and was lower than the standard of Ukrainian Black–Spotted dairy breed on 5.7 – 11.5 kg. The dispersion analysis has shown, that the proportion of the influence of linear belonging of cows on the indicators of the living mass during growing ranged from 14.32 to 24.14%, whereby to the age of animals it is growing.
Evaluation of quality and safety of milk on admission to molokokopererobne company from different entities
Authors: Prilipko T. , Bukalova N.
Published: October 2016

The work was performed under conditions of JSC «Gorodenkovskiy cheese» Ivano–Frankivsk region. Ob'yektom study was raw milk that came from different entities. Milk studied organoleptic and laboratory methods for conventional methods. Navedeni results of the study parameters of quality and safety of milk, which reported on molokokopererobne company from different entities, collective farms, private farms. The studies have shown that milk from entities in milk business reported first grade from private farms – the second, as evidenced by indicators titrated acidity – 17.5 ± 0.56 ºT and 19.3 ± 0.4 ºT respectively. Milk from individual farms to milk processing company reported non–refrigerated – 14.1 ± 0.5 ° C, cooled entities with an average temperature 8.3 ± 0.1 °C, which is likely to affect its quality. Density commodity raw milk obtained from farms of different ownership did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) fat 3.5 ± 0.25%, protein and 3.0 ± 0.07, than in samples obtained from entities that can be oznakoyuyoho alleged fraud, or increased stress on the metabolism. To guarantee the safety of milk producers should be used as raw material control system at all levels of the food chain, starting with control of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products in pastures, sources of water intake, health and welfare and finishing, storage and transportation milk processing enterprises
Reaction of stomach for feeding young pigs probiotics
Authors: Trachuk E. G. , Farionik T. V.
Published: October 2016

The basis for the diets of pigs of different technologies of production and productivity in all areas and forage species are of plant origin, which is associated primarily with their availability. This group consists of feed grain cereals, grain legumes, green coarse, juicy, waste flour and other technical industries and others. Although omnivorous pig feed them digestion features displayed on the feasibility of forming foundations diet of concentrated feed. For industrial production of pork proportion of concentrated feed often 100%. However, partly in used feed feeding that are of poor quality, which in turn worsens their nutritional value and complicates digestion and nutrient absorption of food. Besides the low digestibility of grain mixtures in which a third of organic matter is not absorbed by the animals, lack of nutrients adversely affect the resistance and other reactions, reproductive function and performance. Studying the formative influence of the new feed factor on the structure of the digestive system of animals must pay attention to the morphological features of individual organs as the result of direct exposure to chemicals in the diet of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of different doses of probiotic preparation Entero–active  in growing young pigs on morphological indicators of cardiac, fundic and pyloric stomach areas and established its laws. The data indicate a probable thickening of the stomach wall for probiotic action by thickening  muscle and mucous membranes in all investigated areas. The changes have no pathological character, and show an adaptive response to the action of gastric certain doses of the new feed factor.
The influence of alimentary factors on productivity hens
Authors: Kyryliv B. Ya. , Hunchak A. V.
Published: October 2016

In the process of ontogenetic development chickens determined appropriate age periods characterized by inhibition of metabolism. These changes are most clearly observed changes during the primary feathers on second (main), and at the age preceding puberty and lead to lower projected laying hens. Therefore there is a need for correction of metabolic processes in the body of young birds by using biologically active substances.The results of studies on the efficiency in feeding of young chickens egg productive direction sulfate and polyenzyme drug «Natuzym». It is shown that in comparison with those of control group in poultry, the introduction into the diet of chickens egg productive direction cross «Hayseks brown» Sodium Sulphate with 10 days old and polyenzyme drug «Natuzym» of 20– to 40–day and 80–110 –days age led to an increase in average daily increments calves and body weight at the beginning of entry of birds. The positive effect of additives on the performance puberty of birds. The difference between age of first egg demolished bird control and experimental groups of four days. Later chickens experimental group also characterized higher ripening indicators such as age reaching 50% egg age and achieve peak performance. In particular, the difference of analog control group was 2 days. Was higher and egg chickens 18.53 pc. eggs per laying hen high. In this group of bird egg shell weight and his strength were higher compared with those in the control, respectively, 9.23% and 9.26% (P <0.05). However, biological and food quality was improving of eggs obtained by increasing the content of carotenoids, vitamins A and E (P <0.05) and soluble protein (P <0.001)
ПРОБЛЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ В УМОВАХ ВХОДЖЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ В ЄС
Authors: Vovk M.
Published: October 2016

У статті висвітлено особливості управління якістю продукції у вітчизняних підприємствах в аспекті міжнародних і національних трансформаційних процесів. Розглянуто головні тенденції нових підходів до управління якістю та способів контролю якості. Досліджено розвиток систем управління якістю продукції, а також обґрунтовано принципи формування і функціонування систем якості та необхідність їх впровадження в практичну діяльність вітчизняних підприємств. Доведено, що одним із найважливіших стратегічних питань реформування економіки України та її адаптації до вимог Європейського Союзу, є визначення перспективних напрямів управління виробництвом, зокрема управління якістю продукції. Для цього проаналізованоосновні вимоги законодавства ЄС до безпеки та якості товарів. Першочергове завдання, яке стоїть перед керівництвом підприємства,єрозробка заходів щодо впровадження на практиці сертифікованої системи якості, що в свою чергу забезпечить високий рівень довіри у споживачів і партнерівстосовно якості продукції і виробничого процесу, а також підвищить ефективність діяльності підприємства загалом.

Запропонованонапрями покращення управління якістю виробництва продукції на підприємстві при виході на зовнішні ринки шляхом побудови інтегрованих систем управління якістю.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО–ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЮ МОЛОКОПЕРЕРОБНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Kaflevska S.H.
Published: October 2016

Розглянуто різноманітні підходи до трактування науковцями понять «механізм», «механізм управління», «організаційно – економічний механізм». Встановлено, що організаційно–економічний механізм управління підприємством включає наступні основні функціональні підсистеми: планування, організації, мотивації, контролю та регулювання, а цільова система організаційно–економічного механізму містить у собі цілі і основні результати діяльності підприємства, а також критерії вибору і оцінки досягнення певних цілей і результатів діяльності підприємства. Досліджено, що організаційно–економічний механізм управління конкурентоспроможністю молокопереробного підприємства необхідно розглядати, як сукупність трьох систем:система забезпечення, функціональна та цільова системи. Визначено, що стратегічно важливим напрямом забезпечення конкурентоспроможності молокопереробних підприємств в сучасних умовах є чітка орієнтація на створення і випуск нової продукції, яка відповідає зростаючим запитам споживачів, удосконалення її за рахунок нових технічних рішень та підвищення якості, що повинне бути підпорядковане інвестиційній та інноваційній політиці підприємства, вибору пріоритетних напрямів використання науково–дослідних інноваційних робіт. Розроблено алгоритм управління конкурентоспроможністю молокопереробного підприємства, заснованого на концепції ухвалення рішень як найважливішого виду управлінської діяльності.
ДІАГНОСТИКА ПРОБЛЕМ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ РЕГУЛЯТОРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У АГРОПРОМИСЛОВІЙ СФЕРІ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Nebozhenko T.T.
Published: October 2016

Доведено необхідність та значимість державного регулювання функціонування суб’єктів господарювання агропромислової сфери. Виявлено проблеми державної регуляторної політики у агропромисловій сфері вітчизняної економіки та окреслено перелік напрямків їх усунення. Проведено дослідження сучасного стану державного регулювання функціонування суб’єктів аграрної сфери та його впливу на розвиток сільськогосподарських підприємств в Україні. Конкретизовано функції державного регулювання сільського господарства. Охарактеризовано організаційно–правові форми підприємництва, які використовуються в сільському господарстві України. Проаналізовані різні види підприємств, що провадять свою діяльність у сільськогосподарській сфері. Наголошено на необхідності законодавчого закріплення основоположних принципів державної підтримки сільськогосподарських товаровиробників, такі як системність і стабільність. Доведено необхідність державного регулювання функціонування підприємницьких структур у сільському господарстві. Проідентифікувались теоретичні й загальнометодологічні проблеми державного регулювання організаційно–правових форм сільськогосподарських підприємств. Деталізувалися правові проблеми державного регулювання сільського господарства в Україні.  Обґрунтовано недостатню ефективність державної політики щодо створення умов формування кооперативних та інших некомерційних об’єднань сільськогосподарських підприємств у сфері виробництва та збуту сільськогосподарської продукції. Проводиться виявлення недоліків у організації та регулюванні агропромислового виробництва в Україні.
СУТНІСТЬ, ФУНКЦІЇ ТА ФОРМИ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В СІЛЬСЬКОМУ ГОСПОДАРСТВІ
Authors: Smolynets I. , Gachek T. , Dorosh–Kizym M. , Dadak O. , Gutyj B. , Hariv I.
Published: October 2016

В статті розглядаються сутність, функції та форми підприємницької діяльності в сільському господарстві. Сучасний розвиток виробничих об'єднань характеризується використанням таких юридичних форм, які зберігають основні характеристики сімейного фермерського господарства і водночас створюють сприятливі умови для організації виробничих структур, адекватних великим підприємствам, сімейної передачі господарств. Тобто колективні форми фермерської діяльності увіковічують особистий і сімейний характер сільського господарства, попереджують «пролетаризацію» селянства, зберігають його статус господаря сільської території. Саме такі тенденції у формуванні підприємницької діяльності у сільському господарстві з огляду на вітчизняні реалії повинні бути враховані в розробках щодо реструктуризації і трансформації вітчизняного аграрного виробництва. Типовий сільськогосподарський виробник, навіть коли володіє малим сімейним господарством, поєднує інвестора, управлінця і керівника у ньому. У дещо більших структурах, таких як наприклад сімейні ферми, може бути ще й бухгалтером, організатором праці, спеціалістом із догляду за рослинами і тваринами, механізатором тощо. Про успішну підприємницьку діяльність, на наш погляд, можна говорити, якщо:підприємство має дохід для оплати всіх необхідних витрат; підприємство має додатковий дохід необхідний для сплати кредитів, які можуть бути за інвестовані; виробнича спроможність підприємства і його потенціал не зменшуються, а бажано – розвиваються. Дотримання цих умов може стати однією з важливих причин успішного розвитку підприємницької діяльності.

Незважаючи на певні переваги чи недоліки окремих форм підприємницької діяльності, слід розвивати різні організаційно–правові форми в сільському господарстві на ринкових конкурентних умовах. Але при цьому необхідно враховувати, що суспільні зміни впливають на систему організаційно–економічних і правових відносин у сільському господарстві. Суб'єкти підприємницької діяльності, що господарюють сьогодні в сільському господарстві, функціонуючи на основі різних форм власності, не лише мають право на існування, але й, конкуруючи один із одним, створюють умови для розвитку ринкових відносин, прибуткового ведення сільськогосподарського виробництва.