bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs: diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic role in heart failure—a review
Authors: Gargiulo Paola , Marzano Federica , Salvatore Marco , Basile Christian , Buonocore Davide , Parlati Antonio Luca Maria , Nardi Ermanno , Asile Gaetano , Abbate Vincenza , Colella Angela , Chirico Alfonsina , Marciano Caterina , Paolillo Stefania , Perrone‐Filardi Pasquale
Published: November 2022

Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with relevant social and economic burden on global healthcare system. Although the development of novel diagnostic tools and the advance in therapies have deeply influenced the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, improving both prognosis and life expectancy of patients, hospitalization is still high, and mortality remains considerable. MicroRNAs are small endogenous RNA molecules that post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression in both physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, microRNA have arisen as attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of a wide spectrum of pathologies, including heart failure. In cardiac pathology, deregulation of microRNAs expression and function is associated to adverse outcome and heart failure progression. Circulating levels of specific microRNAs have emerged as useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of heart failure or as prognostic indicators. In the present review, we summarize the state of current research on the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with heart failure and their use as potential therapeutic targets for this condition.
Reporting complete heart block in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa after COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Mehrabi Nasab Entezar , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
Published: November 2022

Complete heart block (CHB) is a serious health condition, and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is an important autoimmune disease. In the COVID‐19 pandemy, several vaccines were developed for the COVID‐19 disease that shown several side effects, and some of these complications are still unknown. This is the first report of CHB in a patient with history of PAN after COVID‐19 vaccination. A 68‐year‐old man with a history of PAN referred to our hospital, complaining of presyncope episodes and dizziness after receiving a COVID‐19 vaccine. Physical examination, laboratory tests, and transthoracic echocardiography were normal. In his electrocardiogram, a narrow QRS complex, AV dissociation, and junctional escape rhythm were seen. Coronary angiography showed a mild coronary artery disease. The patient, suffering from PAN for years, was hypothesized due to CHB a few days after COVID‐19 vaccination. This case report suggests that COVID‐19 vaccines may interrupt the conduction system of the heart and the fact that underlying PAN may predispose to CHB following COVID‐19 vaccination. Further studies are needed to accurately assess a possible association between PAN, CHB, and COVID‐19 vaccines.
Multi Stimuli Responsive Non‐Doped Red Emitting AIEE Active Phenothiazine‐Based Chalcones: Crystal Structure, Solvatochromism, Turn‐on Mechanofluorochromism and Acidochromism
Authors: Kumari Reshma , Milton Marilyn Daisy
Published: November 2022

We report on a series of phenothiazine‐based D‐π‐A‐π‐D type cross‐conjugated non‐doped red‐emitting molecules synthesized by simple Claisen‐Schmidt condensation, which exhibit excellent AIEE phenomena through the formation of large‐sized nano‐aggregates. These thermally stable red fluorescent organic materials have low band gap energies (Eg=1.84–2.15 eV) and also display reversible mechanofluorochromism. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of red emissive ground powders were closer to the standard red‐light chromaticity coordinates. These chalcones also exhibited positive solvatochromism, and large Stokes shifts. Finally, these compounds were utilized as reversible volatile acid sensors to detect TFA in solution as well as in solid state, by virtue of the presence of electron withdrawing carbonyl oxygen, and they could detect TFA at a concentration as low as 15.8 ppm in the presence of C4.
C(spn)−X (n=1–3) Bond Activation by Iron
Authors: Bołt Małgorzata , Tiekink Eveline H. , Hansen Thomas , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Hamlin Trevor A.
Published: November 2022

The iron‐catalyzed oxidative addition of C(spn)−X bonds (n=1–3 and X=H, CH3, Cl) in archetypal model substrates H3C−CH2−X, H2C=CH−X and HC≡C−X to Fe(CO)4was investigated using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐OPBE/TZ2P. The C(spn)−X bonds become substantially stronger going from C(sp3)−X to C(sp2)−X to C(sp)−X, whereas the oxidative addition reaction barrier decreases along this series. Our activation strain and energy decomposition analyses expose that the decreased reaction barrier for the oxidative addition going fromsp3tosp2tospstems from a relief of the destabilizing (steric) Pauli repulsion between the catalyst and substrate. This originates from the decreasing coordination number of the carbon atom that goes from four in C(sp3)−X to three in C(sp2)−X to two in C(sp)−X. In analogy with our previous results on palladium‐catalyzed oxidative additions, this enhances the stabilizing catalyst–substrate interaction, which is able to overcome the more destabilizing strain associated with the stronger C(spn)−X bonds. This work again demonstrates that iron‐based catalysts can resemble the behavior of their well‐known palladium analogs in the oxidative addition step of cross‐coupling reactions.
Divergent Sequential Reactions of β‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐α,β‐ynones with Malonyl Chloride
Authors: Marsicano Vincenzo , Marraffa Gianpaolo , Chiarini Marco , Palombi Laura , Arcadi Antonio
Published: November 2022

A viable one‐pot synthesis of challenging 4H‐[3,4‐c]quinolone‐4,5(6H)‐diones by the reaction of β‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐α,β‐ynones with ethyl malonyl chloride is described. Their further elaboration in the presence of an excess of 40 % methyl amine aqueous solution in EtOH gives the benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridine‐4,5(3H,6H)‐diones of pharmacological interest in high yields. The product selectivity control of the divergent sequential condensation/C‐annulation/intramolecular transesterification vs condensation/O‐annulation/ring opening reactions of β‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐α,β‐ynones with malonyl chloride under metal free conditions has been addressed.
Mapping Plant Bioaccumulation Potentials of Pesticides from Soil Using Satellite-Based Canopy Transpiration Rates
Authors: Li Zijian , Ai Zhipin
Published: November 2022

The transpiration rate is an important factor that determines the bioaccumulation potential of pesticides from soil and can present a spatiotemporal pattern. In the present study, we proposed a satellite-based approach to map the bioaccumulation potential of pesticides from soil using the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). In the proposed model, the spatiotemporal variable (i.e., plant transpiration rate) was separately analyzed from the plant- and chemical-specific variables. The simulated bioaccumulation factors (BAFs; steady-state concentration ratios between plants and soil) of atrazine and lindane for the United States indicated that the proposed model can better predict the spatiotemporal pattern of bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides from soil than a previous weather-based model. The proposed approach using GLEAM's satellite data avoids the overestimation of plant transpiration rate in regions with a dry and warm climate. The comparison of BAFs between the proposed and weather-based models indicated that the satellite-based simulation was consistent with the weather-based simulation for most states and was more effective for the southwest region. Furthermore, plant- and chemical-specific variables were simulated for over 700 pesticides, which could be multiplied by satellite-based canopy transpiration rates to map the bioaccumulation potentials of chemicals from soil. Further evaluation of plant-specific variables, partitioning behaviors of ionizable compounds, and multiple uptake routes (e.g., airborne residue deposition) will aid in the evaluation of the spatiotemporal patterns of pesticide BAFs in plants in future research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:117–129. © 2022 SETAC
Arsenic and Mercury Distribution in an Aquatic Food Chain: Importance of Femtoplankton and Picoplankton Filtration Fractions
Authors: Alowaifeer Abdullah M. , Clingenpeel Scott , Kan Jinjun , Bigelow Patricia E. , Yoshinaga Masafumi , Bothner Brian , McDermott Timothy R.
Published: November 2022

Arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were examined in the Yellowstone Lake food chain, focusing on two lake locations separated by approximately 20 km and differing in lake floor hydrothermal vent activity. Sampling spanned from femtoplankton to the main fish species, Yellowstone cutthroat trout and the apex predator lake trout. Mercury bioaccumulated in muscle and liver of both trout species, biomagnifying with age, whereas As decreased in older fish, which indicates differential exposure routes for these metal(loid)s. Mercury and As concentrations were higher in all food chain filter fractions (0.1-, 0.8-, and 3.0-μm filters) at the vent-associated Inflated Plain site, illustrating the impact of localized hydrothermal inputs. Femtoplankton and picoplankton size biomass (0.1- and 0.8-μm filters) accounted for 30%–70% of total Hg or As at both locations. By contrast, only approximately 4% of As and <1% of Hg were found in the 0.1-μm filtrate, indicating that comparatively little As or Hg actually exists as an ionic form or intercalated with humic compounds, a frequent assumption in freshwaters and marine waters. Ribosomal RNA (18S) gene sequencing of DNA derived from the 0.1-, 0.8-, and 3.0-μm filters showed significant eukaryote biomass in these fractions, providing a novel view of the femtoplankton and picoplankton size biomass, which assists in explaining why these fractions may contain such significant Hg and As. These results infer that femtoplankton and picoplankton metal(loid) loads represent aquatic food chain entry points that need to be accounted for and that are important for better understanding Hg and As biochemistry in aquatic systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:225–241. © 2022 SETAC
Development of a New Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler for 1,4-dioxane Using Silicone Membrane as a Diffusion Barrier
Authors: Noro Kazushi , Endo Satoshi , Inoue Daisuke , Suzuki Natsumi , Kameoka Hiroshi , Ono Junko , Nakamura Satoshi , Yabuki Yoshinori
Published: November 2022

Efficient monitoring methods must be developed for 1,4-dioxane, which is suspected to be carcinogenic to humans and is highly mobile in aquatic environments. In this regard, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) have been utilized extensively as passive samplers for determining time-weighted average concentrations of hydrophilic organic compounds. However, POCIS are difficult to apply to extremely hydrophilic known organic compounds with negative log octanol–water partition coefficient (Kow) values due to their limited kinetic sampling time. Using an activated carbon-based sorbent with a high adsorption capacity and a bilayer of silicone and polyethersulfone membranes that inhibit mass transfer to the sorbent, we developed a POCIS device to measure 1,4-dioxane (log Kow −0.27) in the present study. Permeation and field calibration tests demonstrated that the use of silicone membranes effectively reduces the water-to-sorbent mass transfer rate. The sampling rate and kinetic sampling period determined by field calibration tests were 1.4 ml day−1 and >14 days, respectively. Finally, the developed POCIS device was applied to a landfill treatment plant to determine the 1,4-dioxane concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:296–302. © 2022 SETAC
Physical–Chemical Recovery of a Montane Stream After Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage: Timing and Extent After Turning off the Tap
Authors: Meyer Joseph S. , Lloyd Evan H. , Bevers Shaun , Ranville James F.
Published: November 2022

We monitored physical–chemical conditions in the North Fork of Clear Creek in Colorado (USA) before, during, and after the start of remediation (lime treatment) to remove metals from two major inputs of acid mine drainage (AMD) water. In addition, we analyzed historical monitoring data that extended back more than two decades. Concentration–discharge (C–D) and load–discharge (L–D) plots accounted for discharge dependence in concentrations and loads of metals, major ions, and other water chemistry parameters. Total and dissolved concentrations, and loads of the metals decreased after remediation began, with the largest decreases usually during low stream flow. However, postremediation concentrations and loads remained slightly to considerably higher than reference, probably because of unidentified groundwater seeps and/or small surface flows. Dissolved Cu concentrations decreased much less than total Cu concentrations, because the percentage of total Cu in the dissolved phase increased considerably as particulate Fe (PFe) concentration decreased. We conclude that 1) water chemistry can change to a new steady state or pseudo-steady state relatively quickly after major AMD inputs to a stream are remediated; 2) elevated flows during snowmelt and rainfall periods can mobilize additional amounts of major ions and metals, resulting in in-stream concentrations that are manifestations of both dilution and mobilization; 3) although lime treatment of AMD-related waters can decrease metal concentrations, it does not decrease elevated concentrations of major ions that might impair sensitive stream invertebrates; 4) although Fe is toxic to aquatic organisms, PFe adsorbs other metals and thereby provides protection against their toxicity; and 5) use of C–D and L–D plots and element ratios can indicate the presence of unidentified AMD inputs to a stream. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:495–511. © 2022 SETAC
Alleviative mechanism and effect of Bifidobacterium animalisA6 on dextran sodium sulfate‐induced ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Wu Fang , Wuri Guna , Fang Bing , Shi Mengxuan , Zhang Ming , Zhao Liang
Published: November 2022

Probiotics have been increasingly investigated for their role in alleviating symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC), but the specific mechanism involved remains unclear. We investigated the alleviating effect of Bifidobacterium animalis A6 (BAA6) in UC through a mouse dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model. When treated with a high dose of BAA6 (1 × 1010 cfu/ml), it was found that colitis symptoms were significantly alleviated, and mucosal damages experienced obvious relief. Moreover, a high dose of BAA6 effectively upregulated free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR2 and FFAR3) expression and butyric acid metabolism specifically. Furthermore, the supplement of BAA6 significantly suppressed pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels (interleukin‐13) and the expression of pore‐forming protein claudin‐2. The upstream regulatory genes of claudin‐2, such as STAT6, GATA4, Cdx2, were also significantly inhibited by BAA6. Collectively, this study concludes that BAA6 attenuated DSS‐induced colitis by increasing the levels of intestinal butyric acid, activating the butyric acid‐FFAR pathway, suppressing excessive proinflammatory response, and protecting the function of the colon epithelial barrier.
Sparse prediction informed by genetic annotations using the logit normal prior for Bayesian regression tree ensembles
Authors: Spanbauer Charles , Pan Wei ,   ADNI, The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2022

Using high‐dimensional genetic variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to predict complex diseases and traits has important applications in basic research and other clinical settings. For example, predicting gene expression is a necessary first step to identify (putative) causal genes in transcriptome‐wide association studies. Due to weak signals, high‐dimensionality, and linkage disequilibrium (correlation) among SNPs, building such a prediction model is challenging. However, functional annotations at the SNP level (e.g., as epigenomic data across multiple cell‐ or tissue‐types) are available and could be used to inform predictor importance and aid in outcome prediction. Existing approaches to incorporate annotations have been based mainly on (generalized) linear models. Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), in contrast, is a reliable method to obtain high‐quality nonlinear out of sample predictions without overfitting. Unfortunately, the default prior from BART may be too inflexible to handle sparse situations where the number of predictors approaches or surpasses the number of observations. Motivated by our real data application, this article proposes an alternative prior based on the logit normal distribution because it provides a framework that is adaptive to sparsity and can model informative functional annotations. It also provides a framework to incorporate prior information about the between SNP correlations. Computational details for carrying out inference are presented along with the results from a simulation study and a genome‐wide prediction analysis of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data.
Radiomics‐based machine learning for the diagnosis of lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck cancer: Systematic review
Authors: Giannitto Caterina , Mercante Giuseppe , Ammirabile Angela , Cerri Luca , De Giorgi Teresa , Lofino Ludovica , Vatteroni Giulia , Casiraghi Elena , Marra Silvia , Esposito Andrea Alessandro , De Virgilio Armando , Costantino Andrea , Ferreli Fabio , Savevski Victor , Spriano Giuseppe , Balzarini Luca
Published: November 2022

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to detect lymph node (LN) metastases in head and neck (H&N) carcinoma. We systematically reviewed the literature on radiomic‐based ML for the detection of pathological LNs in H&N cancer. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Baseline study characteristics and methodological quality items (modeling, performance evaluation, clinical utility, and transparency items) were extracted and evaluated. The qualitative synthesis is presented using descriptive statistics. Seven studies were included in this study. Overall, the methodological quality items were generally favorable for modeling (57% of studies). The studies were mostly unsuccessful in terms of transparency (85.7%), evaluation of clinical utility (71.3%), and assessment of generalizability employing independent or external validation (72.5%). ML may be able to predict LN metastases in H&N cancer. Further studies are warranted to improve the generalizability assessment, clinical utility evaluation, and transparency items.
International journal of finance and economics: A bibliometric overview
Authors: Baker H. Kent , Kumar Satish , Goyal Kirti , Gupta Prashant
Published: November 2022

The International Journal of Finance & Economics (IJFE) contributed substantially to its research domain between 1996 and 2021. We conduct a comprehensive bibliometric study to examine IJFE's evolution. We use various science mapping approaches to study its performance, intellectual structure, and determinants of academic influence. IJFE's contributions and impact have grown markedly. Authors affiliated with the United Kingdom and the United States are its most frequent contributors. Authors linked with the International Monetary Fund and the City, University of London top the journal's list of contributors. The keyword ‘exchange rate/real exchange rate’ is the most frequently used in IJFE articles, followed by ‘economic growth.’ IJFE's knowledge structure consists of eight themes: (1) exchange rate mechanism, currency crisis, and capital flows, (2) stock market volatility, (3) effects of credit rating on international financial markets, (4) exchange rate volatility and market efficiency, (5) banking sector efficiency, (6) linkage between financial development and economic growth, (7) technical analysis in the foreign exchange market and R&D investment, and (8) stock markets and environmental sustainability. Using regression analysis, we find five factors positively associated with IJFE citations: lead article in an issue, number of authors, article age, number of tables, and number of references.
Involvement of sialoglycans in SARS‐COV‐2 infection: Opportunities and challenges for glyco‐based inhibitors
Authors: Kuhaudomlarp Sakonwan , Imberty Anne
Published: November 2022

Viral infections have been the causes of global pandemics, including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019, which prompted the investigation into the infection mechanisms to find treatment and aid the vaccine design. Betacoronaviruses use spike glycoprotein on their surface to bind to host receptors, aiding their host attachment and cell fusion. Protein‐glycan interaction has been implicated in the viral entry mechanism of many viruses and has recently been shown in SARS‐CoV‐2. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on protein‐glycan interactions that facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 host entry, with special interest in sialoglycans present on both the virions and host cell surfaces. We also analyze how such information provides opportunities and challenges in glyco‐based inhibitors.
Topology‐based fluorescence image analysis for automated cell identification and segmentation
Authors: Panconi Luca , Makarova Maria , Lambert Eleanor R. , May Robin C. , Owen Dylan M.
Published: November 2022

Cell segmentation refers to the body of techniques used to identify cells in images and extract biologically relevant information from them; however, manual segmentation is laborious and subjective. We present Topological Boundary Line Estimation using Recurrence Of Neighbouring Emissions (TOBLERONE), a topological image analysis tool which identifies persistent homological image features as opposed to the geometric analysis commonly employed. We demonstrate that topological data analysis can provide accurate segmentation of arbitrarily‐shaped cells, offering a means for automatic and objective data extraction. One cellular feature of particular interest in biology is the plasma membrane, which has been shown to present varying degrees of lipid packing, or membrane order, depending on the function and morphology of the cell type. With the use of environmentally‐sensitive dyes, images derived from confocal microscopy can be used to quantify the degree of membrane order. We demonstrate that TOBLERONE is capable of automating this task.
HAGLROS knockdown restrained cell proliferation, migration and invasion and facilitated apoptosis in laryngeal cancer via miR‐138‐5p/CLN5 axis
Authors: Fu Dehui , Huang Yongwang , Wang Shanshan , Liu Jing , Li Chao
Published: November 2022

Background

This work investigated the role of HAGLROS in laryngeal cancer (LC).

Methods

HAGLROS expression in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), target miRNAs of HAGLROS, target mRNAs of miR‐138‐5p, and the binding sites of HAGLROS and miR‐138‐5p or CLN5 and miR‐138‐5p were predicted through bioinformatics. HAGLROS, miR‐138‐5p, CLN5, Bcl‐2, and Bax levels were detected by qRT–PCR and Western blot. The biological functions of LC cells were assessed through CCK‐8, colony formation assays, transwell assay, and flow cytometry assay. The targeting relationship between HAGLROS and miR‐138‐5p or CLN5 and miR‐138‐5p was confirmed by dual luciferase gene reporter analysis.

Results

HAGLROS was upregulated in LC. HAGLROS‐specific small interfering RNA (Si‐HAGLROS) inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion while increased the apoptosis in LC cells. MiR‐138‐5p was a target of HAGLROS and the miR‐138‐5p inhibitor reversed the effects of si‐HAGLROS on LC cells. CLN5 was a target of miR‐138‐5p. MiR‐138‐5p inhibitor raised the viability, migration and invasion, and Bcl‐2 expression while declined Bax expression in LC cells, with si‐CLN5 performing the opposite effects and reversing the effects of miR‐138‐5p inhibitor.

Conclusion

Silenced HAGLROS restrained the LC cells' abilities to proliferate, migrate, and invade as well as facilitated apoptosis in LC via miR‐138‐5p/CLN5 axis.
“If you're in a community together, then you're basically a family”: Perceptions of community among a predominantly African‐American/Black youth cohort in a semi‐rural region in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Smith Cambray , Frerichs Leah , Hoover Stephanie , Robinson‐Ezekwe Nicole , Khanna Anisha , Wynn Mysha , Ellerby Brian , Joyner Linda , Lindau Stacy Tessler , Corbie Giselle
Published: November 2022

Geographic racism gives rise to health inequities that impact communities in detrimental ways. Southern ethnic minority groups, particularly African American/Black semi‐rural communities, are subject to especially unjust outcomes in health, education, and wealth. Asset‐based community development (ABCD) is a way of engaging with communities in participatory and positive ways that center community voices as expert. Youth can participate in ABCD, are sensitive to the ways in which their communities are structured, and have insights as to how to improve the places they live. We undertook a qualitative interview study which included a cognitive mapping exercise with 28 youth to understand how African American/Black youth who had participated in an ABCD‐informed summer program conceptualized community and preferences about where they lived. Using a phenomenological approach to qualitative analysis, our study revealed that many youth defined community as a combination of people and place, enjoyed engaging with unique resources in their communities as well as seeking peace and quiet, experienced hardships as “something everybody knows” when observing constraints on their communities, and were committed to their communities and interested in seeing—and participating in—their flourishing. Our study provides a nuanced and contemporary understanding of the ways in which African American/Black semi‐rural youth experience community which can contribute to cyclical asset‐based development strategy aimed at empowering young people and improving health outcomes in resilient communities.
Dual‐frequency ultrasound enhances functional neuron differentiation from neural stem cells by modulating Ca2+dynamics and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Authors: Lee I‐Chi , Lin Yu‐Chieh , Liu Hao‐Li , Liu Nien‐Che
Published: November 2022

Our previous study demonstrated that ultrasound is able to promote differentiation on neural stem cells (NSCs), and dual‐frequency ultrasound promotes this effect due to enhanced acoustic cavitation compared with single‐frequency ultrasound. However, the underlying biological reasons have not been well disclosed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying bioeffects, mechanisms and signaling pathways of dual‐frequency ultrasound on NSC differentiation. The morphology, neurite outgrowth, and differentiation percentages were investigated under various dual‐frequency simulation parameters with exposure periods varying from 5 to 15 min. Morphological observations identified that dual‐frequency ultrasound stimulation promoted ultrasound dose‐dependent neurite outgrowth. In particular, cells exposed for 10 min/2 days showed optimal neurite outgrowth and neuron differentiation percentages. In addition, live cell calcium images showed that dual‐frequency ultrasound enhanced the internal calcium content of the cells, and calcium ions entering cells from the extracellular environment could be observed. Dual frequency ultrasound exposure enhanced extracellular calcium influx and upregulated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) expression. Observations from immunostaining and protein expression examinations also identified that dual‐frequency ultrasound promoted brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion from astrocytes derived from NSCs. In summary, evidence supports that dual‐frequency ultrasound effectively enhances functional neuron differentiation via calcium channel regulation via the downstream ERK1/2 pathway and promotes BDNF secretion to serve as feedback to cascade neuron differentiation. The results may provide an alternative for cell‐based therapy in brain injury.
Stressors and mental health impacts of COVID‐19 in dental students: A scoping review
Authors: Ramachandran Swathi , Shayanfar Melody , Brondani Mario
Published: November 2022

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to mental health hazards to healthcare providers in general and to undergraduate dental students. The present study undertakes a scoping review to identify and discuss the mental health issues and stressors impacting dental students globally during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A systematic search following the Joanna Briggs Institute's framework for scoping reviews was conducted on Embase, MEDLINE by Ovid, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and ERIC to identify peer reviewed publications published globally since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in March 2020 until June 22, 2021. Manual search was also performed on Google scholar. Eligible studies were selected based on the predetermined set of criteria and focused specifically on mental health issues experienced by undergraduate dental students in the context of COVID‐19.

Results

Fifty‐five publications were retained. Fifty‐one reported stress, anxiety, or depression experienced by undergraduate dental students during the pandemic. Twenty‐five studies employed validated psychometric instruments to explore mental health status among the same students. A total of 28 publications reported that the predominant concern for students was fear of infection, especially during patient interaction. Adapting to virtual learning, clinical skill deficit due to lack of/limited practical training and social isolation were other majorly reported stressors.

Conclusions

Many mental health issues and stressors related to the COVID‐19 pandemic have been identified. Mitigation of COVID‐19‐related stressors on dental students’ mental health should be a priority across all dental academic institutions. Continued efforts should be made to create a supportive learning environment.
Making competency‐based predoctoral orthodontics fun: Introducing Dealodontics
Authors: Tran Lyndon K. , Lipp Mitchell J.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Dealodontics is a card game developed at New York University College of Dentistry for dental students to reinforce and apply basic orthodontic concepts. Dealodontics incorporates clinical photographs and questions to assess students’ skills in diagnosis and patient management. The game was designed to be an enjoyable, interactive, and collaborative learning experience, supplementing competency‐based instruction. The purpose of this project was to present this novel educational method and to evaluate dental students’ engagement and game‐playing experience.

Methods

The survey was modeled after the “Game Experience Questionnaire” and followed the same methodology collapsing 16 survey questions into eight categories. The 5‐point Likert scale was collapsed into a 3‐point graduated scale (negative, neutral, and positive). Results were tabulated and scored using methods developed by IJsselsteijn et.al. Comparisons were made between two years: 2019 (N = 385) and 2021 (N = 245). Additionally, students were asked an open‐ended question, to list three words to describe the game‐playing experience.

Results

Response rates declined from 72% in 2019 to 50.2% in 2021. Response trends were similar: Positive gameplay experiences (competence, positive affect, immersion, challenge, and learning) and lack of negative experiences (tension/annoyance, negative affect). In the category of flow, 2021 responses were more positive (42.68%) when compared to the responses in 2019 (38.3%). Open‐ended responses were similar with “fun” being the most commonly occurring word.

Conclusions

Dealodontics is an effective and engaging tool for learning which can be used to supplement traditional methods.
Financial outcomes of high‐flow nasal cannula use for bronchiolitis on the general pediatric floor
Authors: Hartley Jonathan , Bettenhausen Jessica , Hall Matt , Synhorst Dave , Gay James
Published: November 2022

High‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an increasingly common treatment utilized for bronchiolitis on general pediatric hospital floors. This could present a financial burden for hospitals if reimbursement has not accounted for the increased costs associated with increased HFNC use. Pediatric Health Information System and Revenue Management Program data set discharges from 2018 to 2019 were utilized to calculate the ratio of reimbursements to costs as a cost coverage ratio (CCR). The CCR was compared by HFNC use, the severity of illness, and payor type. The CCR was highest at 1.68 for children with high severity and HFNC use but varied greatly by payor. The lowest CCR at 0.77 was seen for children with low severity and public insurance and indicated potential financial losses for these patients. This was lower than low‐severity patients on HFNC with private payors (1.68) and high‐severity patients on HFNC with public payors (1.18).
Challenges and Changes of the Breast Cancer Screening Paradigm
Authors: Cömert Didem , van Gils Carla H. , Veldhuis Wouter B. , Mann Ritse M.
Published: November 2022

Since four decades mammography is used for early breast cancer detection in asymptomatic women and still remains the gold standard imaging modality. However, population screening programs can be personalized and women can be divided into different groups based on risk factors and personal preferences. The availability of new and evolving imaging modalities, for example, digital breast tomosynthesis, dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), abbreviated MRI protocols, diffusion‐weighted MRI, and contrast‐enhanced mammography leads to new challenges and perspectives regarding the feasibility and potential harms of breast cancer screening. The aim of this review is to discuss the current guidelines for different risk groups, to analyze the recent published studies about the diagnostic performance of the imaging modalities and to discuss new developments and future perspectives.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 6
Comprehensive analysis of HHV‐6 and HHV‐7‐related gene signature in prognosis and response to temozolomide of glioma
Authors: Chen Luoyi , Zhao Xinchen , Liu Yuyang , Wu Mengwan , Li Shurong , Xu Chuan , Shi Ying
Published: November 2022

Human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6 and HHV‐7 have been detected in central nervous system and glioma tissue, while their exact role in glioma remains uncertain. Omics profiles and clinical information were downloaded from public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort for training set and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas cohorts for validation sets. Differentially expressed genes between HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 infected or noninfected glioma patients were screened for establishing the HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 infection (HI) model through Lasso regression analysis. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the correlation between HI scores and prognosis, metastasis in glioma patients. Predictable efficacy of HI in temozolomide‐resistance and HI‐related genetic signatures were also explored. The HI model was constructed as: Risk score = (0.014709*DIRAS3) + (0.029787*TEX26) + (0.223492*FBXO39) + (0.074951*MYBL1) + (0.060202*HILS1). The five gene signature showed good performance in predicting survival time for glioma patients, while higher HI score is correlated with malignant features. Moreover, DNA mismatch repair genes were augmented in glioma patients with higher HI score as well as nonresponse to temozolomide treatment, which was in parallel with the transcriptomic result of temozolomide‐resistant glioma cell. Targeting the five gene signature is beneficial for prognosis of glioma patients, especially in glioma patients underwent temozolomide treatment.
Prevalence and factors associated with late diagnosis among older adults living with HIV in liuzhou, China: 2010−2020
Authors: Chu Qinshu , Zhang Xinhong , Lan Jianguo , Zhang Qi , Wei Tao , Fu Yuansheng , Fan Yinguang
Published: November 2022

This paper aimed to quantify and characterize the prevalence and associated factors for late diagnosis in older adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Liuzhou, China, from 2010 to 2020. The characteristics of older adults living with HIV were described separately in time, space and population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluates the factors influencing late diagnosis in HIV‐positive adults ≥ 50 years of age. The majority of older adults living with HIV were over 60 years old, male, and with CD4 counts < 200 cells/μl at diagnosis, with most late diagnoses being more likely to report heterosexual transmission. These two factors may potentially provide a positive influence on late diagnosis: older and CD4 counts < 500 cells/μl. In contrast, females and those with homosexual or other transmission provide a negative. These results suggest that late diagnosis of HIV‐positive adults ≥ 50 years of age remains a severe and growing epidemiological issue.
Clinical trials on the pharmacological treatment of long COVID: A systematic review
Authors: Chee Ying Jie , Fan Bingwen Eugene , Young Barnaby Edward , Dalan Rinkoo , Lye David C.
Published: November 2022

The postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection (PASC), also known as post‐acute coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) or the long COVID syndrome (long COVID) is an emerging public health concern. A substantial proportion of individuals may remain symptomatic months after initial recovery. An updated review of published and ongoing trials focusing on managing long COVID will help identify gaps and address the unmet needs of patients suffering from this potentially debilitating syndrome. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the international databases and clinical trial registries from inception to 31 July 2022. This review included 6 published trials and 54 trial registration records. There is significant heterogeneity in the characterization of long COVID and ascertainment of primary outcomes. Most of the trials are focused on individual symptoms of long COVID or isolated organ dysfunction, classified according to cardiovascular, respiratory and functional capacity, neurological and psychological, fatigue, and olfactory dysfunction. Most of the interventions are related to the mechanisms causing the individual symptoms. Although the six published trials showed significant improvement in the symptoms or organ dysfunction studied, these initial studies lack internal and external validity limiting the generalizability. This review provides an update of the pharmacological agents that could be used to treat long COVID. Further standardization of the diagnostic criteria, inclusion of participants with concomitant chronic cardiometabolic diseases and standardization of outcomes will be essential in future clinical trials.
The laterodorsal tegmentum and seizure regulation: Revisiting the evidence
Authors: Grogan Dayton P. , Skelton Henry M. , Fernandez Alejandra M. , Gutekunst Claire‐Anne N. E. , Gross Robert E.
Published: November 2022

Electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) is now a routine treatment option for patients suffering from medically refractory epilepsy. DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) has proven to be effective but, despite its success, few patients experience complete cessation of seizure activity. However, improving the therapy is challenging because the mechanism underlying its action remains largely unknown. One angle on improving the effectiveness of ANT stimulation is to better understand the various anatomic regions that send projections to and through this area. Here, the authors utilized a connectomic atlas of the mouse brain to better understand the regions projecting to the ANT and were particularly interested by the presence of robust cholinergic projections from the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT). A subsequent review of the literature resulted in limited studies, which presented convincing evidence supporting this region's role in seizure control present in acute rodent models of epilepsy. It is thus the purpose of this paper to encourage further research into the role of the LDT on seizure mitigation, with mechanistic effects likely stemming from its cholinergic projections to the ANT. While previous studies have laid a firm foundation supporting the role of this region in modulation of seizure activity, modern scientific methodology has yet to be applied to further elucidate the mechanisms and potential benefits associated with LDT stimulation in the epileptic population.
The father's and the mother's intrinsic work motivation and their work‐to‐family conflict perceived by the adolescent: Dyadic and triadic analyses
Authors: Li Andrew , Zhou Zhiqing E. , Shao Ping Tyra , Lin Quan
Published: November 2022

Integrating work–family conflict theory with family systems theory, we examine a potential dark side of parents' intrinsic work motivation by linking it to their work‐to‐family conflict (WFC) perceived by the adolescent at home. We hypothesize that the father's (mother's) intrinsic motivation may be positively related to his (her) WFC perceived by the adolescent. We additionally hypothesize that one spouse's WFC perceived by the adolescent is higher when his/her relative intrinsic motivation (to the other spouse) is higher. Finally, we examine gender egalitarianism (GE) as a moderator. Using data from 198 dual‐earning heterosexual couples and their adolescent child from the 500‐Family Project, we found strong support for the hypotheses pertaining to the father but no support for the hypotheses pertaining to the mother. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Comparison of interaction, structure, and cell proliferation of α‐lactalbumin–safflower yellow complex induced by microwave heating or conventional heating
Authors: Li Tianqi , Li Jinzhe , Huang Yuxuan , Qayum Abdul , Jiang Zhanmei , Liu Zhenmin
Published: November 2022

Background

The protein–polyphenol interaction mechanism has always been a research hotspot, but their interaction is affected by heat treatment, which is widely applied in food processing. Moreover, the effects of microwave or water‐bath heating on the protein–polyphenol interaction mechanism have been not clarified. The pasteurization condition (65 °C, 30 min) was selected to compare the effects of microwave or water bath on binding behavior, structure, and cell proliferation between α‐lactalbumin (α‐LA) and safflower yellow (SY), thus providing a guide for the selection of functional dairy processing conditions.

Results

Microwave heat treatment of α‐LA–SY resulted in stronger fluorescence quenching than that of conventional heat treatment. Moreover, the binding constant Ka of all α‐LA–SY samples was augmented significantly after microwave or water bath treatment, and microwave‐heated α‐LA–SY showed the maximum Ka. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that microwave heating resulted in more ordered structures of α‐LA into its disordered structures than water bath heating. However, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and chroma value of α‐LA–SY were more reduced by microwave heating than by water bath heating. Moreover, microwave heating facilitated the cell proliferation of α‐LA–SY compared with water bath treatment.

Conclusion

It was demonstrated that microwave heating promoted interaction between α‐LA and SY more than water bath heating did. Microwave heat treatment was a safe and effective way to enhance the binding affinity of α‐LA to SY, being a potential application in food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lysophosphatidylcholine‐based liposome to improve oral absorption and nephroprotective effects of astaxanthin
Authors: Ghosh Antara , Banik Sujan , Suzuki Yui , Mibe Yasuhiko , Rikimura Shingo , Komamoto Tomomi , Kuromi Koichi , Yamada Kohei , Sato Hideyuki , Onoue Satomi
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The present study was aimed to develop astaxanthin (AX)‐loaded liposomes by the utilization of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to improve the nutraceutical properties of AX. AX‐loaded liposomes consisting of PC (PC/AX) and LPC (LPC/AX) were evaluated in terms of particle size distribution, morphology, release characteristics, pharmacokinetic behavior, and nephroprotective effects in a rat model of acute kidney injury.

RESULTS

PC/AX and LPC/AX had uniform size distributions with a mean particle size of 254 and 148 nm, respectively. Under pH 6.8 conditions, both liposomes exhibited improved dissolution behavior of AX compared with crystalline AX (cAX). In particular, LPC/AX showed a sevenfold higher release of AX than PC/AX. After the oral administration of LPC/AX (33.2 mg AX kg−1) to rats, there was a significant increase in systemic exposure to AX, as evidenced by a 15‐fold higher AUC0−24 h than PC/AX. However, the oral absorption of AX in the cAX group was negligible. Based on the results of histological analysis and measurement of plasma biomarkers, LPC/AX exhibited improved nephroprotective effects of AX in the rat model of kidney injury.

CONCLUSION

From these observations, a strategic application of the LPC‐based liposomal approach might be a promising option to improve the nutraceutical properties of AX. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dispersal limitations increase vulnerability under climate change for reptiles and amphibians in the southwestern United States
Authors: Inman Richard D. , Esque Todd C. , Nussear Kenneth E.
Published: November 2022

Species conservation plans frequently rely on information that spans political and administrative boundaries, especially when predictions are needed of future habitat under climate change; however, most species conservation plans and their requisite predictions of future habitat are often limited in geographical scope. Moreover, dispersal constraints for species of concern are not often incorporated into distribution models, which can result in overly optimistic predictions of future habitat. We used a standard modeling approach across a suite of 23 taxa of amphibians and reptiles in the North American deserts (560,024 km2 across 13 ecoregions) to assess impacts of climate change on habitat and combined landscape population dispersal simulations with species distribution modeling to reduce the risk of predicting future habitat in areas that are not available to species given their dispersal abilities. We used 3 general circulation models and 2 representative concentration pathways (RCPs) to represent multiple scenarios of future habitat potential and assess which study species may be most vulnerable to changes forecasted under each climate scenario. Amphibians were the most vulnerable taxa, but the most vulnerable species tended to be those with the lowest dispersal ability rather than those with the most specialized niches. Under the most optimistic climate scenario considered (RCP 2.6; a stringent scenario requiring declining emissions from 2020 to near zero emissions by 2100), 76% of the study area may experience a loss of >20% of the species examined, while up to 87% of the species currently present may be lost in some areas under the most pessimistic climate scenario (RCP 8.5; a scenario wherein greenhouse gases continue to increase through 2100 based on trajectories from the mid‐century). Most areas with high losses were concentrated in the Arizona and New Mexico Plateau ecoregion, the Edwards Plateau in Texas, and the Southwestern Tablelands in New Mexico and Texas, USA. Under the most pessimistic climate scenario, all species are predicted to lose some existing habitat, with an average of 34% loss of extant habitat across all species. Even under the most optimistic scenario, we detected an average loss of 24% of extant habitat across all species, suggesting that changing climates may influence the ranges of reptiles and amphibians in the Southwest.