bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Point convolutional neural network algorithm for Ising model ground state research based on spring vibration
Authors: Jiang Zhelong , Chen Gang , Qiao Ruixiu , Feng Pengcheng , Chen Yihao , Su Junjia , Zhao Zhiyuan , Jin Min , Chen Xu , Li Zhigang , Lu Huaxiang
Published: February 2024

The ground state search of the Ising model can be used to solve many combinatorial optimization problems. Under the current computer architecture, an Ising ground state search algorithm suitable for hardware computing is necessary for solving practical problems. Inspired by the potential energy conversion of the springs, we propose the Spring-Ising Algorithm, a point convolutional neural network algorithm for ground state search based on the spring vibration model. Spring-Ising Algorithm regards the spin as a moving mass point connected to a spring and establishes the equation of motion for all spins. Spring-Ising Algorithm can be mapped on AI chips through the basic structure of the neural network for fast and efficient parallel computing. The algorithm has shown promising results in solving the Ising model and has been tested in the recognized test benchmark K2000. The optimal results of this algorithm after 10,000 steps of iteration are 2.9% of all results. The algorithm introduces the concept of dynamic equilibrium to achieve a more detailed local search by dynamically adjusting the weight of the Ising model in the spring oscillation model. Spring-Ising Algorithm offers the possibility to calculate the Ising model on a chip which focuses on accelerating neural network calculations.
The impact of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline cellulose on the antioxidant phenolic compounds level of the cultured Artemisia absinthium
Authors: Khosravi Faezeh , Mohammadi Samin , Kosari-Nasab Morteza , Asgharian Parina
Published: February 2024

Artemisia absinthium has long been used traditionally as an anti-microbial and antioxidant agent. Various biologically active secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and p-coumaric acid, have been reported from the species. In addition, growing the plants under in vitro conditions enriched with elicitors is a cost-effective approach to enhance secondary metabolite production. This paper examined microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) effects on morphological characteristics, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and volatile oil content of A. absinthium. The treated shoots with various concentrations of MCC and NCC were subjected to spectrophotometric, GC–MS, and LC–MS analysis. FESEM-EDX, TEM, XRD, and DLS methods were applied to characterize MCC and NCC properties. Morphological findings revealed that the stem length, dry, and fresh weights were improved significantly (P ≤ 0.05) under several MCC and NCC concentrations. Some treatments enhanced gallic and p-coumaric acid levels in the plant. Although 1.5 g/L of MCC treatment showed the highest antioxidant activity, all NCC treatments reduced the antioxidant effect. The findings suggest that both MCC and NCC, at optimized concentrations, could be exploited as elicitors to improve the secondary metabolite production and morphological properties.
A gene expression-based classifier for HER2-low breast cancer
Authors: Di Cosimo Serena , Pizzamiglio Sara , Ciniselli Chiara Maura , Duroni Valeria , Cappelletti Vera , De Cecco Loris , De Marco Cinzia , Silvestri Marco , De Santis Maria Carmen , Vingiani Andrea , Paolini Biagio , Orlandi Rosaria , Iorio Marilena Valeria , Pruneri Giancarlo , Verderio Paolo
Published: February 2024

In clinical trials evaluating antibody-conjugated drugs (ADCs), HER2-low breast cancer is defined through protein immunohistochemistry scoring (IHC) 1+ or 2+ without gene amplification. However, in daily practice, the accuracy of IHC is compromised by inter-observer variability. Herein, we aimed to identify HER2-low breast cancer primary tumors by leveraging gene expression profiling. A discovery approach was applied to gene expression profile of institutional INT1 (n = 125) and INT2 (n = 84) datasets. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each specific HER2 IHC category 0, 1+, 2+ and 3+. Principal Component Analysis was used to generate a HER2-low signature whose performance was evaluated in the independent INT3 (n = 95), and in the publicly available TCGA and GSE81538 datasets. The association between the HER2-low signature and HER2 IHC categories was evaluated by Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc pair-wise comparisons. The HER2-low signature discriminatory capability was assessed by estimating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses were performed to evaluate the HER2-low signature genes functional enrichment. A HER2-low signature was computed based on HER2 IHC category-specific DEGs. The twenty genes included in the signature were significantly enriched with lipid and steroid metabolism pathways, peptidase regulation, and humoral immune response. The HER2-low signature values showed a bell-shaped distribution across IHC categories (low values in 0 and 3+; high values in 1+ and 2+), effectively distinguishing HER2-low from 0 (p < 0.001) to 3+ (p < 0.001). Notably, the signature values were higher in tumors scored with 1+ as compared to 0. The HER2-low signature association with IHC categories and its bell-shaped distribution was confirmed in the independent INT3, TCGA and GSE81538 datasets. In the combined INT1 and INT3 datasets, the HER2-low signature achieved an AUC value of 0.74 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.67–0.81) in distinguishing HER2-low vs. the other categories, outperforming the individual ERBB2 mRNA AUC value of 0.52 (95% CI 0.43–0.60). These results represent a proof-of-concept for an observer-independent gene-expression-based classifier of HER2-low status. The herein identified 20-gene signature shows promise in distinguishing between HER2 0 and HER2-low expressing tumors, including those scored as 1+ at IHC, and in developing a selection approach for ADCs candidates.
Optimized preparation pipeline for emergency phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Yale University
Authors: Würstle Silvia , Lee Alina , Kortright Kaitlyn E. , Winzig Franziska , An William , Stanley Gail L. , Rajagopalan Govindarajan , Harris Zach , Sun Ying , Hu Buqu , Blazanin Michael , Hajfathalian Maryam , Bollyky Paul L. , Turner Paul E. , Koff Jonathan L. , Chan Benjamin K.
Published: February 2024

Bacteriophage therapy is one potential strategy to treat antimicrobial resistant or persistent bacterial infections, and the year 2021 marked the centennial of Felix d’Hérelle’s first publication on the clinical applications of phages. At the Center for Phage Biology & Therapy at Yale University, a preparatory modular approach has been established to offer safe and potent phages for single-patient investigational new drug applications while recognizing the time constraints imposed by infection(s). This study provides a practical walkthrough of the pipeline with an Autographiviridae phage targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa (phage vB_PaeA_SB, abbreviated to ΦSB). Notably, a thorough phage characterization and the evolutionary selection pressure exerted on bacteria by phages, analogous to antibiotics, are incorporated into the pipeline.
Vitamin B5 copper conjugated triazine dendrimer improved the visible-light photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles for aerobic homocoupling reactions
Authors: Zamenraz Samira , Jafarpour Maasoumeh , Eskandari Ameneh , Rezaeifard Abdolreza
Published: February 2024

In this work, Cu-vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) bonded to 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine produced a bioconjugated dendrimer giving rise to the visible-light photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline TiO2. XPS spectra uncovered the coexistence of Cu(II)/Cu(I) oxidation states with a predominant contribution of Cu(I). The new heterogeneous bio-relevant Cu-photocatalyst (Cu(I) Cu(II) [PTAPA G2-B5] @TiO2) revealed a band gap value [Eg = (2.8 eV)] less than those of Cu free components [PTAPA G1-B5]@TiO2 (3.04) and [PTAPA G2-B5]@TiO2 (3.06) and particularly the bare TiO2 (3.15 eV). The reactions showed to be light-dependent with the best performance under room light bulbs. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared heterojunction photocatalyst was exploited in the aerobic Csp2–Csp2 homocoupling of phenylboronic acid and Csp–Csp homocoupling of phenyl acetylenes under visible-light irradiation to prepare structurally and electronically different biaryls. A radical pathway relying on the photogenerated e− and h+ and involving the Cu(I)–Cu(II) synergistic cooperation was postulated. The reusability and stability of the catalyst were verified by the recycling test, FT-IR spectra, and ICP-OES analysis.
The psychophysics of home plate umpire calls
Authors: Flannagan Kevin S. , Mills Brian M. , Goldstone Robert L.
Published: February 2024

We analyze the visual perception task that home plate umpires (N = 121) perform calling balls and strikes (N = 3,001,019) in baseball games, focusing on the topics of perceptual learning and bias in decision-making. In the context of perceptual learning, our results show that monitoring, training, and feedback improve skill over time. In addition, we document two other aspects of umpires’ improvement that are revealing with respect to the nature of their perceptual expertise. First, we show that biases in umpires’ decision-making persist even as their overall accuracy improves. This suggests that bias and accuracy are orthogonal and that reduction of bias in decision-making requires interventions aimed specifically at this goal. Second, we measure a distinct difference in the rate of skill improvement between older and younger umpires. Younger umpires improve more quickly, suggesting that the decision task umpires engage in becomes routinized over time.
Fidelity of WRF model in simulating heat wave events over India
Authors: Gupta Priyanshu , Verma Sunita , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi , Bhatla R. , Payra Swagata
Published: February 2024

The evaluation of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been performed for simulating episodic Heat Wave (HW) events of 2015 and 2016 with varied horizontal resolutions of 27 km for the entire India (d01), 9 km for the North West (NW (d02)) and South East (SE (d03)) domain. Study compares the maximum temperature (Tmax) simulated by WRF model, using six different combination of parameterization schemes, with observations from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) during the HW events. Among the six experiments, Exp2 (i.e., combination of WSM6 microphysics (MP) together with radiation parameterization CAM, Yonsei (PBL), NOAH land surface and Grell-3D convective schemes) is found closest to the observations in reproducing the temperature. The model exhibits an uncertainty of ± 2 °C in maximum temperature (Tmax) for both the regions, suggesting regional temperature is influenced by the location and complex orography. Overall, statistical results reveal that the best performance is achieved with Exp2. Further, to understand the dynamics of rising HW intensity, two case studies of HW days along with influencing parameters like Tmax, RH and prevailing wind distribution have been simulated. Model simulated Tmax during 2015 reaches up to 44 °C in NW and SE part of India. In 2016, HW is more prevailing towards NW, while in SE region Tmax reaches upto 34–38 °C with high RH (60–85%). The comparative research made it abundantly evident that these episodic events are unique in terms of duration and geographical spread which can be used to assess the WRF performance for future projections of HW.
A collapse risk assessment method for subway foundation pit based on cloud model and improved Dempster–Shafer evidence theory
Authors: Wu Bo , Zeng Jiajia , Zhu Ruonan , Yang Fan , Liu Cong , Xie Yundong
Published: February 2024

Collapse is a major engineering hazard in open-cut foundation pit construction, and risk assessment is crucial for considerably reducing engineering hazards. This study aims to address the ambiguity problem of qualitative index quantification and the failure of high-conflict evidence fusion in risk assessment. Thus, a fast-converging and high-reliability multi-source data fusion method based on the cloud model (CM) and improved Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is proposed. The method can achieve an accurate assessment of subway pit collapse risks. First, the CM is introduced to quantify the qualitative metrics. Then, a new correction parameter is defined for improving the conflicts among evidence bodies based on conflict degree, discrepancy degree and uncertainty, while a fine-tuning term is added to reduce the subjective effect of global focal element assignment. Finally, the risk assessment result is obtained according to the maximum affiliation principle. The method is successfully applied to Luochongwei Station, where the difference between the maximum value and the second largest value of the basic probability assignment is 0.624, and the global uncertainty degree is 0.087. Both values satisfy the decision evaluation condition; however, values of other methods only satisfy one or neither condition. In addition, the proposed method requires only four cycles to reach the steady state by fusing data of the same index, which has faster convergence compared with that of other methods. The proposed method has good universality and effectiveness in subway pit collapse risk assessment.
The outcomes of Re-Redo bariatric surgery—results from multicenter Polish Revision Obesity Surgery Study (PROSS)
Authors: Łabul Michał , Wysocki Michał , Małczak Piotr , Matyja Maciej , Dowgiałło-Gornowicz Natalia , Lech Paweł , Szymański Michał , Major Piotr ,   PROSS–Collaborative Study Group, Pędziwiatr Michał , Rymarowicz Justyna , Zarzycki Piotr , Stefura Tomasz , Ciszek Karol , Myśliwiec Piotr , Hady Hady Razak , Głuszyńska Paulina , Proczko-Stepaniak Monika , Walędziak Maciej , Janik Michał , Kwiatkowski Andrzej , Materlak Magdalena , Bartosiak Katarzyna , Czyżykowski Łukasz , Mawlichanów Maciej , Kowalewski Piotr , Szeliga Jacek , Kupczyk Wojciech , Harań Anna , Kowalski Grzegorz , Mulek Rafał , Kreft Michał , Orłowski Michał , Franczak Paula , Binda Artur , Tarnowski Wiesław , Jaworski Paweł , Kamiński Mateusz , Pastuszka Maciej , Lisik Wojciech , Szymański Paweł , Katkowski Bartosz , Leśniak Michał
Published: February 2024

The increasing prevalence of bariatric surgery has resulted in a rise in the number of redo procedures as well. While redo bariatric surgery has demonstrated its effectiveness, there is still a subset of patients who may not derive any benefits from it. This poses a significant challenge for bariatric surgeons, especially when there is a lack of clear guidelines. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of

patients who underwent Re-Redo bariatric surgery. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on a group of 799 patients who underwent redo bariatric surgery between 2010 and 2020. Among these patients, 20 individuals underwent a second elective redo bariatric surgery (Re-Redo) because of weight regain (15 patients) or insufficient weight loss, i.e. < 50% EWL (5 patients). Mean BMI before Re-Redo surgery was 38.8 ± 4.9 kg/m2. Mean age was 44.4 ± 11.5 years old. The mean %TWL before and after Re-Redo was 17.4 ± 12.4% and %EBMIL was 51.6 ± 35.9%. 13/20 patients (65%) achieved > 50% EWL. The mean final %TWL was 34.2 ± 11.1% and final %EBMIL was 72.1 ± 20.8%. The mean BMI after treatment was 31.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2. Complications occurred in 3 of 20 patients (15%), with no reported mortality or need for another surgical intervention. The mean follow-up after Re-Redo was 35.3 months. Although Re-Redo bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, it carries a significant risk of complications.
Relative quantification of the recA gene for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in response to ciprofloxacin for pathogens of concern
Authors: Stefan Christopher P. , Blancett Candace D. , Huynh Kimberly A. , Minogue Timothy D.
Published: February 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is one of the greatest threats to global health and is associated with higher treatment costs, longer hospital stays, and increased mortality. Current gold standard antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) rely on organism growth rates that result in prolonged time-to-answer for slow growing organisms. Changes in the cellular transcriptome can be rapid in the presence of stressors such as antibiotic pressure, providing the opportunity to develop AST towards transcriptomic signatures. Here, we show that relative quantification of the recA gene is an indicator of pathogen susceptibly when select species are challenged with relevant concentrations of ciprofloxacin. We demonstrate that ciprofloxacin susceptible strains of Y. pestis and B. anthracis have significant increases in relative recA gene expression after 15 min of exposure while resistant strains show no significant differences. Building upon this data, we designed and optimized seven duplex RT-qPCR assays targeting the recA and 16S rRNA gene, response and housekeeping genes, respectively, for multiple biothreat and ESKAPE pathogens. Final evaluation of all seven duplex assays tested against 124 ciprofloxacin susceptible and resistant strains, including Tier 1 pathogens, demonstrated an overall categorical agreement compared to microbroth dilution of 97% using a defined cutoff. Testing pathogen strains commonly associated with urinary tract infections in contrived mock sample sets demonstrated an overall categorical agreement of 96%. These data indicate relative quantification of a single highly conserved gene accurately determines susceptibility for multiple bacterial species in response to ciprofloxacin.
A clinically relevant computed tomography (CT) radiomics strategy for intracranial rodent brain tumour monitoring
Authors: Connor Kate , Conroy Emer , White Kieron , Shiels Liam P. , Keek Simon , Ibrahim Abdalla , Gallagher William M. , Sweeney Kieron J. , Clerkin James , O’Brien David , Cryan Jane B. , O’Halloran Philip J. , Heffernan Josephine , Brett Francesca , Lambin Philippe , Woodruff Henry C. , Byrne Annette T.
Published: February 2024

Here, we establish a CT-radiomics based method for application in invasive, orthotopic rodent brain tumour models. Twenty four NOD/SCID mice were implanted with U87R-Luc2 GBM cells and longitudinally imaged via contrast enhanced (CE-CT) imaging. Pyradiomics was employed to extract CT-radiomic features from the tumour-implanted hemisphere and non-tumour-implanted hemisphere of acquired CT-scans. Inter-correlated features were removed (Spearman correlation > 0.85) and remaining features underwent predictive analysis (recursive feature elimination or Boruta algorithm). An area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was implemented to evaluate radiomic features for their capacity to predict defined outcomes. Firstly, we identified a subset of radiomic features which distinguish the tumour-implanted hemisphere and non- tumour-implanted hemisphere (i.e, tumour presence from normal tissue). Secondly, we successfully translate preclinical CT-radiomic pipelines to GBM patient CT scans (n = 10), identifying similar trends in tumour-specific feature intensities (E.g. ‘glszm Zone Entropy’), thereby suggesting a mouse-to-human species conservation (a conservation of radiomic features across species). Thirdly, comparison of features across timepoints identify features which support preclinical tumour detection earlier than is possible by visual assessment of CT scans. This work establishes robust, preclinical CT-radiomic pipelines and describes the application of CE-CT for in-depth orthotopic brain tumour monitoring. Overall we provide evidence for the role of pre-clinical ‘discovery’ radiomics in the neuro-oncology space.
Uplift modeling to identify patients who require extensive catheter ablation procedures among patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sato Taiki , Sotomi Yohei , Hikoso Shungo , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Nakatani Daisaku , Okada Katsuki , Dohi Tomoharu , Sunaga Akihiro , Kida Hirota , Matsuoka Yuki , Tanaka Nobuaki , Watanabe Tetsuya , Makino Nobuhiko , Egami Yasuyuki , Oka Takafumi , Minamiguchi Hitoshi , Miyoshi Miwa , Okada Masato , Kanda Takashi , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Kawasaki Masato , Masuda Masaharu , Inoue Koichi , Sakata Yasushi ,   the OCVC-Arrhythmia Investigators, Mano Toshiaki , Fukunami Masatake , Yamada Takahisa , Furukawa Yoshio , Hasegawa Shinji , Higuchi Yoshiharu , Hirata Akio , Tanouchi Jun , Nishino Masami , Matsunaga Yasuharu , Matsumura Yasushi , Mizuno Hiroya , Takeda Toshihiro , Nakano Tomoaki , Ozu Kentaro , Suna Shinichiro , Oeun Bolrathanak , Tanaka Koji , Minamisaka Tomoko , Hoshida Shiro
Published: February 2024

Identifying patients who would benefit from extensive catheter ablation along with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) among those with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) has been a subject of controversy. The objective of this study was to apply uplift modeling, a machine learning method for analyzing individual causal effect, to identify such patients in the EARNEST-PVI trial, a randomized trial in patients with persistent AF. We developed 16 uplift models using different machine learning algorithms, and determined that the best performing model was adaptive boosting using Qini coefficients. The optimal uplift score threshold was 0.0124. Among patients with an uplift score ≥ 0.0124, those who underwent extensive catheter ablation (PVI-plus) showed a significantly lower recurrence rate of AF compared to those who received only PVI (PVI-alone) (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.19–0.84; P-value = 0.015). In contrast, among patients with an uplift score < 0.0124, recurrence of AF did not significantly differ between PVI-plus and PVI-alone (HR 1.17; 95% CI 0.57–2.39; P-value = 0.661). By employing uplift modeling, we could effectively identify a subset of patients with persistent AF who would benefit from PVI-plus. This model could be valuable in stratifying patients with persistent AF who need extensive catheter ablation before the procedure.
The NMR structure of the Ea22 lysogenic developmental protein from lambda bacteriophage
Authors: Goddard Cameron , Nejman-Faleńczyk Bożena , Donaldson Logan W.
Published: February 2024

The ea22 gene resides in a relatively uncharacterized region of the lambda bacteriophage genome between the exo and xis genes and is among the earliest genes transcribed upon infection. In lambda and Shiga toxin-producing phages found in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) associated with food poisoning, Ea22 favors a lysogenic over lytic developmental state. The Ea22 protein may be considered in terms of three domains: a short amino-terminal domain, a coiled-coiled domain, and a carboxy-terminal domain (CTD). While the full-length protein is tetrameric, the CTD is dimeric when expressed individually. Here, we report the NMR solution structure of the Ea22 CTD that is described by a mixed alpha–beta fold with a dimer interface reinforced by salt bridges. A conserved mobile loop may serve as a ligand for an unknown host protein that works with Ea22 to promote bacterial survival and the formation of new lysogens. From sequence and structural comparisons, the CTD distinguishes lambda Ea22 from homologs encoded by Shiga toxin-producing bacteriophages.
Retinal vessel volume reference database derived from volume-rendered optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Feu-Basilio Silvia , Maloca Peter M. , Hasler Pascal , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Marin-Martinez Sara , Rosinés-Fonoll Josep , Suarez-Valero Xavier , Reich Michael , Lange Clemens , Egan Catherine , Zweifel Sandrine , Tufail Adnan , Spaide Richard F. , Zarranz-Ventura Javier
Published: February 2024

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enables three-dimensional reconstruction of the functional blood vessels in the retina. Therefore, it enables the quantification of 3D retinal vessel parameters such as surface area and vessel volume. In spite of the widespread use of OCTA, no representative volume-rendered vessel volume (VV) data are published to date. In this study, OCTA 3 × 3 mm macular cubes were processed with volume-rendering techniques to measure VV in 203 eyes from 107 healthy volunteers. Generalized linear models (GLM) were constructed to assess the impact of age, gender, visual acuity (VA), spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL) on VV. Overall mean VV was 0.23 ± 0.05mm3. Age and axial length showed a negative correlation with VV. However, GLM model analysis found that AL exerted the most pronounced influence on VV. No statistically significant associations were identified between gender or between left and right eyes. This is the first study to assess 3D OCTA VV and its naturally occurring variations in a large series of healthy subjects. It offers novel insights into the characterization of normal retinal vascular anatomy in healthy individuals, contributing to a valuable reference for future research in this field.
The value-based price of transformative gene therapy for sickle cell disease: a modeling analysis
Authors: Morgan George , Back Emily , Besser Martin , Hallett Timothy B. , Guzauskas Gregory F.
Published: February 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited, progressively debilitating blood disorder. Emerging gene therapies (GTx) may lead to a complete remission, the benefits of such can only be realized if GTx is affordable and accessible in the low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) with the greatest SCD burden. To estimate the health impacts and country-specific value-based prices (VBP) of a future gene therapy for SCD using a cost-utility model framework. We developed a lifetime Markov model to compare the costs and health outcomes of GTx versus standard of care for SCD. We modeled populations in seven LMICs and six high-income countries (HICs) estimating lifetime costs and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in comparison to estimates of a country’s cost-effectiveness threshold. Each country’s unique VBP for GTx was calculated via threshold analysis. Relative to SOC treatment alone, we found that hypothetical GTx reduced the number of people symptomatic with SCD over time leading to fewer DALYs. Across countries, VBPs ranged from $3.6 million (US) to $700 (Uganda). Our results indicate a wide range of GTx prices are required if it is to be made widely available and may inform burden and affordability for ‘target product profiles’ of GTx in SCD.
Threshold of anthropogenic sound levels within protected landscapes in Kerala, India, for avian habitat quality and conservation
Authors: Rajan Sajeev C. , M Vishnu , Mitra Ahalya , N P Sooraj , K Athira , Pillai M. S. , R Jaishanker
Published: February 2024

Anthrophony is an important determinant of habitat quality in the Anthropocene. Acoustic adaptation of birds at lower levels of anthrophony is known. However, threshold anthrophony, beyond which biophony starts decreasing, is less explored. Here, we present empirical results of the relationship between anthrophony and biophony in four terrestrial soundscapes. The constancy of the predicted threshold vector normalised anthropogenic power spectral density (~ 0.40 Watts/Hz) at all the study sites is intriguing. We propose the threshold value of anthropogenic power spectral density as an indicator of the avian acoustic tolerance level in the study sites. The findings pave the way to determine permissible sound levels within protected landscapes and directly contribute to conservation planning.
Impact of macronutrients and salinity stress on biomass and biochemical constituents in Monoraphidium braunii to enhance biodiesel production
Authors: El-Sheekh Mostafa M. , Galal Hamdy R. , Mousa Amal SH. H. , Farghl Abla A. M.
Published: February 2024

Microalgal lipids are precursors to the production of biodiesel, as well as a source of valuable dietary components in the biotechnological industries. So, this study aimed to assess the effects of nutritional (nitrogen, and phosphorus) starvations and salinity stress (NaCl) on the biomass, lipid content, fatty acids profile, and predicted biodiesel properties of green microalga Monoraphidium braunii. The results showed that biomass, biomass productivity, and photosynthetic pigment contents (Chl. a, b, and carotenoids) of M. braunii were markedly decreased by nitrogen and phosphorus depletion and recorded the maximum values in cultures treated with full of N and P concentrations (control, 100%). These parameters were considerably increased at the low salinity level (up to 150 mM NaCl), while an increasing salinity level (up to 250 mM NaCl) reduces the biomass, its productivity, and pigment contents. Nutritional limitations and salt stress (NaCl) resulted in significantly enhanced accumulation of lipid and productivity of M. braunii, which represented more than twofold of the control. Furthermore, these conditions have enhanced the profile of fatty acid and biodiesel quality-related parameters. The current study exposed strategies to improve M. braunii lipid productivity for biodiesel production on a small scale in vitro in terms of fuel quality under low nutrients and salinity stress.
Exploring the impact of nano-Se and nano-clay feed supplements on interleukin genes, immunity and growth rate in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Khaled Asmaa A. , Shabaan Amany M. , Hammad Saad M. , Hafez Elsayed E. , Saleh Ahmed A.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding Nano-Selenium (NSe) and Nano-clay (NC) as feed supplements on European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Two separate experiments were conducted, one with NC and the other with NSe. Each experiment consisted of four sub-groups with varying concentrations of NC or NSe. The expression levels of five immune-related genes (TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12) were measured using Real-time Quantitative PCR (Rt-PCR) Assay. The results showed an increase in the expression of interleukins (IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and TNF-β) after exposure to NC and NSe.TNF-α gene expression was significantly higher with both 1 mg and 10 mg concentrations of NC and NSe. TNF-β gene expression was highest with the 5 mg concentration of NC. The concentrations of 1 mg and 10 mg for NC, and 1 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg for NSe, led to the highest (p < 0.05) levels of IL-2 expression compared to the control. Similar trends were observed for IL-6 and IL-12 gene expression. Understanding the impact of these concentrations on gene expression, growth rate, biochemical indices, and antioxidant status can provide valuable insights into the potential applications of NC and NSe supplements on European Sea Bass.
Temporally dynamic carbon dioxide and methane emission factors for rewetted peatlands
Authors: Kalhori Aram , Wille Christian , Gottschalk Pia , Li Zhan , Hashemi Josh , Kemper Karl , Sachs Torsten
Published: February 2024

Rewetting drained peatlands is recognized as a leading and effective natural solution to curb greenhouse gas emissions. However, rewetting creates novel ecosystems whose emission behaviors are not adequately captured by currently used emission factors. These emission factors are applied immediately after rewetting, thus do not reflect the temporal dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions during the period wherein there is a transition to a rewetted steady-state. Here, we provide long-term data showing a mismatch between actual emissions and default emission factors and revealing the temporal patterns of annual carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a rewetted peatland site in northeastern Germany. We show that site-level annual emissions of carbon dioxide and methane approach the IPCC default emission factors and those suggested for the German national inventory report only between 13 to 16 years after rewetting. Over the entire study period, we observed a source-to-sink transition of annual carbon dioxide fluxes with a decreasing trend of −0.36 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1 and a decrease in annual methane emissions of −23.6 kg CH4 ha−1 yr−1. Our results indicate that emission factors should represent the temporally dynamic nature of peatlands post-rewetting and consider the effect of site characteristics to better estimate associated annual emissions.
New insight into the catalytic mechanism of ester hydrogenation over the Cu/ZnO catalyst: the contribution of hydrogen spillover
Authors: Gao Lin , Ding Guoqiang , Zhu Lei , Yu Zhanqiu , Li Hongju , Li Guoqiang , Zhu Yulei , Xiang Hongwei , Wen Xiaodong , Yang Yong , Li Yongwang
Published: February 2024

Cu+ZnO-X catalysts exhibit a synergistic effect in ester hydrogenation due to the strong adsorption of ester groups by ZnO and H2 activation by metallic Cu, with a proposed mechanism involving hydrogen spillover.
Ballistic electrolyte ion transport with undisturbed pathways for ultrahigh-rate electrochemical energy storage devices
Authors: Cheng Situo , Cao Zhen , Liu Yupeng , Zhang Junli , Cavallo Luigi , Xie Erqing , Fu Jiecai
Published: February 2024

By controlling the central metal cores of c-MOFs, we obtained a perfect AA-stacking configuration, in which ballistic electrolyte ion transport is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated during the electrochemical charge–discharge process.
A high-efficiency and stable organic solar cell with balanced crystallization kinetics
Authors: Zhang Weichao , Yue Yaochang , Yang Rongsheng , Zhang Yingyu , Du Wenna , Lu Guanghao , Zhang Jianqi , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Xuning , Zhang Yuan
Published: February 2024

In this work, we present a conceptual strategy based on multi-acceptor components to realize balanced crystallization kinetics in organic solar cells (OSC) that deliver a 19.35% power conversion efficiency with superior photostability.
A polydopamine coating enabling the stable cycling of MnO2 cathode materials in aqueous zinc batteries
Authors: Zhang Guoli , Zhu Jiaqi , Lin Lu , Liu Yaozhi , Li Shuo , Li Qianrui , Liu Xiao-Xia , Sun Xiaoqi
Published: February 2024

A polydopamine coating is applied to the MnO2 cathode material, which confines dissolved species during discharge and recycles them by back-deposition during charge. The cathode realizes stable cycling in aqueous zinc batteries without Mn additives.
Stabilizing a Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3/Li metal anode interface in solid-state batteries with a LiF/Cu-rich multifunctional interlayer
Authors: Ding Decheng , Ma Hui , Tao Huachao , Yang Xuelin , Fan Li-Zhen
Published: February 2024

A multifunctional interlayer rich in LiF/Cu not only brings about intimate contact between LATP and Li metal, but also prevents the electrochemical reaction of LATP with Li metal, and suppresses the dendrite and crack growth at the interface.
Machine learning facilitated by microscopic features for discovery of novel magnetic double perovskites
Authors: Guo Shuping , Morrow Ryan , van den Brink Jeroen , Janson Oleg
Published: February 2024

Using microscopic parameters obtained from first-principles electronic structure calculations, we developed a machine learning model for predicting ordering transition temperatures in magnetic double perovskites.
Synthesis of non-noble metal solid solution (Cd0.76Co0.17Mo0.07S) via MOF precursors for enhanced hydrogen production
Authors: Li Haiyuan , Liu Dingxin
Published: February 2024

Ethy-CCMS with excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production performance was prepared using MOFs as precursors.
Ultrathin alkynylation phthalocyanine-conjugated organic polymer nanosheets for constructing a sensitive electrochemiluminescence sensor
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Wang Yufei , Gu Yu , Wen Fan , Wu Jing , Shang Hong
Published: February 2024

β-Tetraacetylene phthalocyanine covalent organic polymer (TAPc-COP) nanosheets were synthesized and applied for the construction of a high-performance electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for the detection of methylmalonic acid (MMA).
Characterisation of Pb2Rh2O7 and Y2Rh2O7: an unusual case of pyrochlore stabilisation under high pressure, high temperature synthesis conditions
Authors: Injac Sean D. , Mullens Bryce G. , Denis Romero Fabio , Avdeev Maxim , Barnett Christopher , Yuen Alexander K. L. , Amano Patino Midori , Mukherjee Supratik , Vaitheeswaran Ganapathy , Singh David J. , Kennedy Brendan J. , Shimakawa Yuichi
Published: February 2024

We synthesised new Rh oxides using high pressure, high temperature techniques. The counter-intuitive stabilisation of a lower density structure at high pressures furthers the utility of the synthesis technique and introduces a new class of Rh oxides.
Correction: Bio-inspired hierarchical nanoporous carbon derived from water spinach for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Lin Xinyu , Xu Yaping , Wu Jinggao , Huang Jing
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘Bio-inspired hierarchical nanoporous carbon derived from water spinach for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials’ by Xinyu Lin et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2022, 4, 1445–1454, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NA00636C.
RNAseq data Male and Female Het vs Wt
Authors: F. Hammer Michael
Published: February 2024

Epilepsy is a common disorder; however, the pathophysiology of epileptogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in epilepsy remain unclear. We observed blood-brain barrier dysfunction in both sexes prior to seizure onset, which was exacerbated in males once seizures were established. The initial male response of gliosis and CREB signaling likely led to maladaptive effects after seizures, while females initially activated energy enhancing pathways and switched to a more neuroprotective metabolic program in response to increased neuronal excitability. These findings reveal epileptogenic processes shared between the sexes, as well as sexually dimorphic responses that lead to increased seizure resilience in females. 
Pattern clustering method of magnetic near‐field radiation emissions based on DBSCAN algorithm
Authors: Hou Bo , Ding Rui , Shao Weiheng , Liu Siyang , Wang Liwei
Published: February 2024

The analysis of magnetic near‐field radiation emissions (MNRE) has recently raised more attention in device‐level electromagnetic compatibility testing. Pattern clustering of MNRE for integrated circuits manually is very time‐consuming because of the multi‐dimensional characteristics of MNRE, such as frequency, spatial position, emission intensity, etc. This paper proposes a novel pattern clustering method of MNRE, including strong emission frequency extraction, feature extraction, and density‐based clustering. Ring oscillator and five working states are designed on a Field Programmable Gate Array with 256 Ball Grid Array package, which are used to create a complex multi‐source emission case for verifying the effectiveness of the clustering method. The verification results show that the proposed method can correctly cluster the multi‐source emission patterns. Further, the method is also applied to a Microcontroller Unit with unknown operating states; the results show that the proposed method also can effectively distinguish the unknown emission patterns and locate the unknown interference source. The accuracy of the interference source location is proven by 3D X‐ray microscope inspection.
Exploring the contribution of neuroscientific approach to sustainable smart tourism
Authors: Heidari Majid , Verderese Daniele , Saviano Marialuisa
Published: February 2024

A recent development in the tourism industry is integrating smart technology into prominent destinations to provide personalized experiences for visitors and improve their satisfaction. As a result of smart destinations, knowledge and expertise are available to all parties involved, allowing for the constant transformation of activities by engaging tourists in actively co-creating their experiences. Significant beneficiaries, such as visitors, service providers, and destination marketing organizations, participate in the smart tourism ecosystem’s combination of systems, structures, and technology to co-create value and experience its advantages. The application of neuroscience in smart tourism ecosystem can help to better understand the needs and expectations of tourists, to design more efficient and sustainable services, and to measure the impact of tourism on society and the environment. Sustainable value co-creation based on neuroscientific approach are the new building blocks of smart tourist ecosystems to attain visitor satisfaction and loyalty by establishing positive associations with the co-creation of tourist experiences. Considering neuroscience as a valuable tool for understanding how tourists interact with their environments and how ICTs can be used to enhance their experiences, this paper analyzed literature on smart tourism ecosystem and sustainable value co-creation to provide insights into how sustainable smart tourism can be improved through the use of the neuroscientific approach.
Les enjeux de l’intelligence artificielle en odontologie
Authors: Dot Gauthier , Gajny Laurent , Ducret Maxime
Published: February 2024

Les applications potentielles de l’intelligence artificielle, ces algorithmes visant à améliorer l’efficacité et la sécurité de diverses décisions cliniques, sont nombreuses en odontologie. Alors que les premiers logiciels commerciaux commencent à être proposés, la plupart des algorithmes n’ont pas été solidement validés pour une utilisation clinique. Cet article décrit les enjeux entourant le développement de ces nouveaux outils, afin d’aider les praticiens à garder un regard éclairé et critique sur cette nouvelle approche.
Impression 3D et bioimpression pour la régénération osseuse en chirurgie orale
Authors: Catros Sylvain , Fénelon Mathilde , De Oliveira Hugo , Shayya Ghannaa , Babilotte Joanna , Chassande Olivier , Fricain Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2024

La chirurgie osseuse pré-implantaire en chirurgie orale permet de reconstruire les atrophies des maxillaires en rapport avec des processus traumatiques, infectieux ou tumoraux. Dans ce contexte, le biomatériau idéal reste l’os autogène mais les biomatériaux (d’origine naturelle ou synthétique) permettent de limiter la morbidité liée aux prélèvements osseux et de simplifier ces interventions chirurgicales. Dans cet article, nous illustrons l’apport récent de l’impression 3D dans ce contexte pour traiter des défauts osseux de forme complexe ou pour créer des modèles anatomiques servant à planifier les interventions. Enfin, les perspectives apportées par l’ingénierie tissulaire et la bioimpression (création de modèles in vitro complexes) sont détaillées.
Full-function Pavlov associative learning photonic neural networks based on SOA and DFB-SA
Authors: Zheng Dianzhuang , Xiang Shuiying , Guo Xingxing , Zhang Yahui , Zeng Xintao , Zhu Xiaojun , Shi Yuechun , Chen Xiangfei , Hao Yue
Published: February 2024

Pavlovian associative learning, a form of classical conditioning, has significantly impacted the development of psychology and neuroscience. However, the realization of a prototypical photonic neural network (PNN) for full-function Pavlov associative learning, encompassing both photonic synapses and photonic neurons, has not been achieved to date. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the first InP-based full-function Pavlov associative learning PNN. The PNN utilizes semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) as photonic synapses and the distributed feedback laser with a saturable absorber (DFB-SA) as the photonic spiking neuron. The connection weights between neurons in the PNN can be dynamically changed based on the fast, time-varying weighting properties of the SOA. The optical output of the SOA can be directly coupled into the DFB-SA laser for nonlinear computation without additional photoelectric conversion. The results indicate that the PNN can successfully perform brain-like computing functions such as associative learning, forgetting, and pattern recall. Furthermore, we analyze the performance of PNN in terms of speed, energy consumption, bandwidth, and cascadability. A computational model of the PNN is derived based on the distributed time-domain coupled traveling wave equations. The numerical results agree well with the experimental findings. The proposed full-function Pavlovian associative learning PNN is expected to play an important role in the development of the field of photonic brain-like neuromorphic computing.
Reduced order model for hard magnetic films
Authors: Moustafa H. , Kovacs A. , Fischbacher J. , Gusenbauer M. , Ali Q. , Breth L. , Hong Y. , Rigaut W. , Devillers T. , Dempsey N. M. , Schrefl T. , Oezelt H.
Published: February 2024

In the pursuit of rare earth-lean permanent magnets for green technologies, microstructural optimisation offers a promising strategy to enhance coercivity while minimising critical element content. For this approach, the combination of experimental work on hard magnetic films and numerical investigations is necessary. However, computational limitations restrict micromagnetics to small systems, motivating the development of a reduced order model for investigating large multigrain systems. The model is based on the embedded Stoner-Wohlfarth method and is used to investigate the influence of a nonmagnetic grain boundary phase thickness and the aspect ratio of the magnetic grains on the overall coercivity. It is possible to simulate large NdFeB multigrain structures which can be compared to hard magnetic films. We derive design recommendations to increase coercivity by increasing the grain boundary phase thickness and the aspect ratio of the grains in hard magnetic materials.
Permafrost extent sets drainage density in the Arctic
Authors: Del Vecchio Joanmarie , Palucis Marisa C. , Meyer Colin R.
Published: February 2024

Amplified warming of high latitudes and rapid thaw of frozen ground threaten permafrost carbon stocks. The presence of permafrost modulates water infiltration and flow, as well as sediment transport, on soil-mantled slopes, influencing the balance of advective fluvial processes to diffusive processes on hillslopes in ways that are different from temperate settings. These processes that shape permafrost landscapes also impact the carbon stored on soil-mantled hillslopes via temperature, saturation, and slope stability such that carbon stocks and landscape morphometry should be closely linked. We studied

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69,000 headwater basins between 25° and 90 °N to determine whether the thermal state of the soil sets the balance between hillslope (diffusive) and fluvial (advective) erosion processes, as evidenced by the density of the channel networks (i.e., drainage density) and the proportion of convex to concave topography (hillslopes and river valleys, respectively). Watersheds within permafrost regions have lower drainage densities than regions without permafrost, regardless of watershed glacial history, mean annual precipitation, and relief. We find evidence that advective fluvial processes are inhibited in permafrost landscapes compared to their temperate counterparts. Frozen soils likely inhibit channel development, and we predict that climate warming will lower incision thresholds to promote growth of the channel network in permafrost landscapes. By demonstrating how the balance of advective versus diffusive processes might shift with future warming, we gain insight into the mechanisms that shift these landscapes from sequestering to exporting carbon.