bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New combinations and synonyms in discoid caespitose Andean Senecio (Senecioneae, Compositae)
Authors: Calvo Joel , Granda Arturo , Funk Vicki A
Published: October 2019

The names Werneria melanandra and W. pygmophylla are transferred to the genus Senecio. They belong to the group of the discoid caespitose Andean Senecio, specifically to the subgroup with blackish anthers and style branches and whitish corollas. The recognition of S. digitatus as a distinct species is also discussed. Within the framework of the mentioned group, the names S. casapaltensis and S. macrorrhizus are lectotypified, S. humillimus var. melanolepis is neotypified, an epitype is designated for the name W. melanandra, and nine new synonyms are proposed. An updated comprehensive dichotomous key including all discoid caespitose Senecio species from Bolivia and Peru is provided.
La guerre augmentée ?
Authors: Gautier Louis
Published: October 2019

L’intelligence artificielle est à l’origine d’une nouvelle révolution dans la gestion des affaires militaires, de la prise de décision à l’exécution des actions, dans les chaînes de production et de maintenance des équipements comme dans les circuits opérationnels. Le passage à une ia forte, qui suppose apprentissage profond des machines et algorithmes sophistiqués, est cependant inscrit dans un avenir certain. Les questions éthiques, militaires, financières devront être posées. La France possède d’indéniables atouts ; cependant, l’effort à accomplir pour rester dans la course face aux États-Unis et à la Chine ne peut-être qu’européen. L’ ia est le nouveau paradigme des conflits du xxi e  siècle et de la guerre augmentée.
Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Falkenberry Suzanne M. , Ip Michael S. , Blodi Barbara A. , Gunther Jonathan B.
Published: October 2019

 This article describes optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with central retinal artery occlusion by conducting a retrospective review of two cases. Central retinal artery occlusion shows a distinct pattern on OCT images. In the acute phase, OCT images demonstrate the increased reflectivity and thickness of the inner retina and a corresponding decrease of reflectivity in the outer layer of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium/choriocapillaris layer. Follow-up OCT images demonstrate a decrease in the reflectivity and thickness of the inner retinal layers and a corresponding increase of reflectivity in the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium/choriocapillaris layer compared with the baseline OCT image, suggesting a generalized atrophy of the neurosensory retina as a late finding. Therefore, the use of OCT may help facilitate prompt recognition of acute and chronic central retinal artery occlusion. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:502-505.]  AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology (SMF), University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (MSI, BAB, JBG), University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin.  Accepted for publication May 10, 2006.  Address reprint requests to Suzanne M. Falkenberry, MD, University of Colorado, Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, 1675 Ursula Street, Suite 3012, P. O. Box 6510, Mailstop F731, Aurora, CO 80045-0510. 
A Method for Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Retina in Human Eyes
Authors: Shahidi Mahnaz , Mori Marek , Zelkha Ruth
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES  An optical system for three-dimensional imaging of the retinal tissue in human eyes is described.  PATIENTS AND METHODS  A laser beam was projected at an oblique angle on the retina and scanned to acquire 40 optical section images in a 1.0 × 1.5 mm retinal area. Because the incident laser beam was not coaxial with the viewing system, structures at various retinal depths appeared laterally displaced according to their depth location on the optical section image. The optical section images were segmented to construct a series of en face retinal images, parallel to the retinal surface and displaced in depth. Imaging was performed in three control subjects.  RESULTS  A series of 8 depth-displaced en face images of retinal layers was reconstructed in each eye, which allowed enhanced visualization of the retinal structures and vasculatures. En face depth-displaced retinal images provided improved contrast compared with fundus images and delineated the foveal depression and the surrounding retinal vasculatures.  CONCLUSIONS An optical system for three-dimensional retinal imaging was developed that has potential as a tool for evaluation of retinal pathologies associated with chorioretinal diseases.  [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:35-42.]  AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.  Accepted for publication January 20, 2006.  Supported by the National Eye Institute EY14275 (MS) and EY1792 (UIC), Bethesda, Maryland; the Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC; and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York.  Address correspondence to Mahnaz Shahidi, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University 
Comparison Between a Fundus Camera and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope in Acquiring Fluorescence Emission In Vitro
Authors: Peiretti Enrico , Wu Simon , Spaide Theodore C. , Spaide Richard F.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To compare the fluorescence measurements acquired from a fundus camera with those from a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) camera.  MATERIALS AND METHODS  The fundus camera and the SLO camera were used to capture images of 29 cuvettes each containing serially diluted sodium fluorescein dye in normal saline. The intensity levels of the resulting images were plotted as a function of concentration to compare the two cameras. Ten samples of serially diluted indocyanine green (ICG) dye in bovine serum were also measured.  RESULTS  Both cameras revealed that fluorescence intensity varied as a function of the logarithmic concentration of the dye, independent of the actual dye used, with expected decrease in fluorescence at very high concentrations of dye due to quenching of fluorescence. There were very small variations on repeated trials with the fundus camera, whereas the SLO camera exhibited marked variability, particularly at higher concentrations of dye. Measurements acquired with the SLO camera varied as a function of time, which did not occur with the fundus camera. The image averaging software on the SLO camera caused shifts in the grayscale values measured that depended on the initial amount of fluorescence measured in the raw samples.  CONCLUSIONS Although these differences may cause modest qualitative differences in imaging the ocular fundus, the variation in data obtained from the SLO camera would seem problematic if quantification of the amounts of fluorescence is required.  [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:50-55.]  AUTHORS From the Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York; and the LuEsther T. Mertz Retina Research Laboratory, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York.  Accepted for publication September 18, 2006.  Address correspondence to Richard F. Spaide, MD, 460 Park Avenue, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10022. 
Surgical Management of Inner Lamellar Macular Hole
Authors: Kokame Gregg T. , Tokuhara Keith G.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine whether pars plana vitrectomy membrane peeling and fluid–air exchange could improve optical coherence tomography and visual acuity outcomes in a patient with an inner lamellar macular hole when the patient remains in the face-down position for 3 days after surgery. Three weeks postoperatively, optical coherence tomography revealed a normal macular contour. Two months postoperatively, best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/60 to 20/30. Surgery may be a useful option to study further in patients with symptomatic inner lamellar macular holes. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:61-63.]  AUTHORS From the Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu; and The Retina Center at Pali Momi, an Affiliation of Hawaii Pacific Health, Aiea, Hawaii.  Accepted for publication May 30, 2006.  Address correspondence to Gregg T. Kokame, MD, Medical Director, The Retina Center at Pali Momi, 98-1079 Moanalua Road, Suite 470, Aiea, HI 96701. 
Intraocular Biodistribution of Mono-L-aspartyl Chlorin e6 in a Primate Choroidal Neovascularization Model
Authors: Mori Keisuke , Kanai Kaname , Peyman Gholam A. , Yoneya Shin
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To describe the biodistribution of a hydrophilic sensitizer, mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6), in a primate model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
NPe6 (25 mg/kg) and indocyanine green (ICG, 15 mg/kg) were intravenously administered simultaneously in monkeys with laser-induced CNVs. Eyes were enucleated and examined by fluorescence microscopy immediately, 20 minutes, and 1, 4, and 24 hours after dye injection.
RESULTS
Fluorescence peaked in retinal vessels immediately after dye administration; rapid washout began 1 hour postinjection. In contrast, experimental CNV demonstrated little fluorescence immediately after injection, with increased intensity at later time points. Peak dye fluorescence in CNV occurred 1 hour following dye injection. NPe6 fluorescence diminished rapidly and washed out completely by 24 hours. The dye accumulation and retention pattern of ICG dye resembled that of NPe6.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated the selective accumulation of NPe6 photosensitizer and ICG dye within experimental CNV and rapid clearance from the circulation and retinochoroidal tissue. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:142-147.]
AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology (KM, KK, SY), Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan; and the Department of Ophthalmology (GAP), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona. Accepted for publication November 30, 2006. Drs. Mori and Yoneya have a proprietary interest in Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. Supported in part by a grant-in-aid for scientific research (11771070) from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science in Japan. Supported in part by a grant-in-aid for scientific research (11771070) from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science in Japan. Address correspondence to Keisuke Mori, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, 350-0495 Japan.
Traumatic Cataract Surgery Assisted by Trypan Blue
Authors: Kazem Mahmood A. , Behbehani Jamal H. , Uboweja Anil K. , Paramasivam Ramnata B.
Published: October 2019

The advantages of trypan blue use in anterior segment surgery have been well recognized, but few reports of its use in traumatic cataract surgery have been published. The authors describe three cases of traumatic cataract in which the role of trypan blue in performing safe and successful cataract surgery is demonstrated. Selective staining of the anterior lens capsule using trypan blue enabled the surgeon to identify the extent of structural damage and plan the surgery accordingly. In all three cases, the cataract was removed and the intraocular lens was implanted successfully without complications. Trypan blue is a safe and helpful aid in traumatic cataract surgery. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:160-163.]

AUTHORS

From the Department of Ophthalmology, Al-Adan Hospital, State of Kuwait.

Accepted for publication April 15, 2005.

Address correspondence to Mahmood A. Kazem, FRCSC, P. O. Box 46969, Fahaheel 64020, State of Kuwait.
One-Year Outcomes of AquaLase® Cataract Surgery
Authors: Yoo Sonia H. , Bhatt Anand B.
Published: October 2019

The authors report surgical experience and clinical outcomes up to 1 year postoperatively in patients who underwent cataract surgery with the AquaLase liquefaction device (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX). The device is a handpiece option for use with Alcon’s Infiniti Vision System that uses heated balanced saline solution micropulses to liquefy lenticular material. Twenty-seven eyes of 23 patients underwent cataract extraction with the use of the AquaLase liquefaction device. The average age of participants was 68 years, and the average nuclear sclerotic grade was 1.96 on a 4-point scale. Outcomes were judged by metrics such as visual acuity, inflammation, endothelial cell count, and postoperative posterior capsule opacification. At 30 days postoperatively, 78% of eyes had a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20. Visual acuity was 20/25 or better 1 year postoperatively in 88% of patients without complications except conversion to ultrasound phacoemulsification for two dense cataracts. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:173-174.]
AUTHORS
From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (SHY) and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (ABB), Miami, Florida. Accepted for publication November 9, 2006. Presented as a scientific poster at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, October 15-18, 2005. Address correspondence to Anand B. Bhatt, BS, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 8739 SW 3rd Street, Miami, FL 33174.
Skills for Shared Decision-Making: Evaluation of a Health Literacy Program for Consumers with Lower Literacy Levels
Authors: Muscat Danielle M. , Morony Suzanne , Trevena Lyndal , Hayen Andrew , Shepherd Heather L. , Smith Sian K. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Luxford Karen , Nutbeam Don , McCaffery Kirsten J.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Shared decision-making (SDM) has been found to be significantly and positively associated with improved patient outcomes. For an SDM process to occur, patients require functional, communicative, and critical health literacy (HL) skills.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a program to improve health literacy skills for SDM in adults with lower literacy.

Methods:

An HL program including an SDM component (HL + SDM) and teaching of the three “AskShareKnow” questions was delivered in adult basic education settings in New South Wales, Australia. The program was evaluated using a partially cluster-randomized controlled trial comparing it to standard language, literacy, and numeracy (LLN) training. We measured the effect of these programs on (1) HL skills for SDM (conceptual knowledge, graphical literacy, health numeracy), (2) types of questions considered important for health decision-making, (3) preferences for control in decision-making, and (4) decisional conflict. We also measured AskShareKnow question recall, use, and evaluation in HL + SDM participants.

Key Results:

There were 308 participants from 28 classes enrolled in the study. Most participants had limited functional HL (71%) and spoke a language other than English at home (60%). In the primary analysis, the HL + SDM program compared with the standard LLN program significantly increased conceptual knowledge (19.1% difference between groups in students achieving the competence threshold;
p
= .018) and health numeracy (10.9% difference;
p
= .032), but not graphical literacy (5.8% difference;
p
= .896). HL + SDM participants were significantly more likely to consider it important to ask questions that would enable SDM compared to standard LLN participants who prioritized nonmedical procedural questions (all
p
< .01). There was no difference in preferences for control in decision-making or in decisional conflict. Among HL + SDM participants, 79% (
n
= 85) correctly recalled at least one of the AskShareKnow questions immediately post-intervention, and 35% (
n
= 29) after 6 months.

Conclusions:

Teaching SDM content increased participants' HL skills for SDM and changed the nature of the questions they would ask health care professionals in a way that would enable shared health decisions.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(Suppl.):S58–S74.]

Plain Language Summary:

We developed a health literacy program that included a shared decision-making (SDM) section. The program was delivered in adult basic education classes by trained educators and compared to standard language, literacy, and numeracy training. Teaching SDM content increased participants' health literacy skills for SDM and changed the nature of the questions they would ask health care professionals.
Higher Education Stakeholders’ Views on Learning Analytics Policy Recommendations for Supporting Study Success
Authors: Ifenthaler Dirk , Yau Jane Yin-Kim
Published: October 2019

Learning analytics show promise to support study success in higher education. Hence, they are increasingly adopted in higher education institutions. This study examines higher education experts’ views on learning analytics utilisation to support study success. Our main research question was to investigate how ready higher education institutions are to adopt learning analytics. We derived policy recommendations from an international systematic review of the last five years of learning analytics research. Due to the lack of rigorous learning analytics research and adoption in Germany, this study focusses on the German university context and examines how ready German university stakeholders are to adopt learning analytics. In order to validate the policy recommendations, we conducted an interview study from June to August 2018 with 37 German higher education stakeholders. The majority of participants stated that their institutions required further resources in order to adopt learning analytics but were able to identify what these resources were in order for successful implementation.
The Ecology of Analytics in Education: Stakeholder Interests in Data-Rich Educational Systems
Authors: Berthelsen Ulf Dalvad , Tannert Morten
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we suggest an ecological perspective on the role of analytics in education. We discuss how different stakeholder positions in education points to different interests in using analytics. As a point of reference, we examine the Danish case of ICT integration in primary and lower secondary school (Danish: Folkeskolen) in order to study cases of emerging and at times conflicting stakeholder interests. On this basis, we discuss how this complexity of the educational ecosystem affects different stakeholder positions within the field.
Data Driven Education in Personal Learning Environments – What About Learning beyond the Institution?
Authors: Conde Miguel Á. , Hernández-García Ángel
Published: October 2019

Learning happens not only in the traditional educational institutions but beyond them, and it is not limited to an established academic time period. We study anywhere, anytime; many different and tools and services that facilitate learning are not confined to a specific environment or platform. Such set of tools and services used for educational proposes set up what can be understood as Personal Learning Environments. While knowing what happens in Personal Learning Environments is highly interesting, it is not an easy task due to the heterogeneity of the different tools, the difficulty to access learning evidence, ethical aspects or interoperability problems, among others. This study explores the main issues that need to be addressed to analyze what is occurring in a Personal Learning Environments and how to represent the information obtained from such environments.
Editorial of the First Issue of the International Journal of Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence for Education
Authors: Nouri Jalal
Published: October 2019

In this editorial, the first issue of the International Journal of Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence for Education is presented. The Journal of Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence for Education is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that aim to disseminate highest quality research in the field. The journal aims to increase knowledge and understanding of ways in which learning analytics and artificial intelligence can support and enhance education. The editorial presents the scope and fields of interest for the journal, and an overview of the articles published in the first issue.
Addressing Curriculum Gaps to Enhance Research Engagement Among Postgraduate Students in Low Resource Settings
Authors: Ssempala Fredrick
Published: October 2019

For any country to develop, it should be able to conduct research to generate knowledge necessary to solve problems of humanity by producing necessary goods and services. Research is essential for any nation's success. Most goods and services consumed today are products of research conducted in developed countries by post-graduate students. Unfortunately, most post-graduate students in developing countries face a lot of challenges that limit their ability to engage in original research that should be published in refereed journals and to acquire necessary patents accordingly. Curriculum gaps inhibit most graduate students in low-resource settings from engaging in productive research necessary to transform the developing country's economy. Hence, the chapter discusses the importance of research engagement and strategies to fill curriculum gaps in the postgraduate programs to enhance research engagement among the post-graduate students in low-resource settings.
Determining Research Design and Data Analysis
Authors: Orluwene Goodness Wobihiele , Ajala Ibrahim
Published: October 2019

Research is the framework for the development of human social and scientific progress. Foundations for improved scientific thinking is often established at the post-graduate level where students undertake independent investigations aimed at exploring a chosen topic within their chosen area of specialization. Irrespective of the discipline, institution, or topic chosen, post-graduate students often adopt specific research framework(s) and processes which involves selecting design(s) and data analysis procedure. This seemingly routine task has been the bane of many post-graduate students. This chapter focuses on research methodology involving the selection of appropriate design that aims to establish the general data collection and analyses procedures, selection of a sample from population, and discussion of findings in line with existing literature or controlled observation. This chapter provides suggestions for improving the research engagement process through the adoption of appropriate research design and selection of statistical tool for data analysis.
Introducing the Teaching and Learning Benefits of the WWW in Aboriginal Schools
Authors: Rochecouste Judith , Oliver Rhonda
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, projects undertaken at two independent Aboriginal boarding schools in remote Western Australia are described. Both projects have sought to provide instructional advice for teachers and to enhance students' literacy levels through access to the internet. A dedicated website was developed for each school to respond specifically to the students' language and literacy needs. Several positive outcomes resulted from the projects. At the first school, code-switching was accepted throughout the school and even formed part of classroom instruction. At the second school, staff in general showed great interest in supporting their students' use of the online resource. Students who accessed the website were excited by the prospect of having their photos and videos uploaded and even suggested improvements to the site. Despite the above successes, the introduction of the websites at each school did not occur without problems which are described in this chapter.
Conceptual Model of Generic Learning Design to Teach Cultural Artifacts in Computing Education
Authors: Anohah Ebenezer , Suhonen Jarkko
Published: October 2019

Cultural heritage can provide interesting aspects to computing education. For instance, conceptual understanding of learners can be supported by exemplifying computing concepts with cultural practices. If we are, however, to adapt an indigenously relevant curriculum, then we need to model a learning space that aligns with learners' background in underrepresented communities. In this article, the authors explored indigenously relevant learning space for computing studies in the context of Ghana. Altogether forty-one (41) computing educators completed a questionnaire and twenty-two (22) educators were interviewed using a semi-structured interview method. The authors also propose a conceptual model for designing culturally enriched learning environments. The main components of the model are indigenous learning resources, scaffolds and learning activities. Finally, they discuss what should be taken into consideration when cultural artifacts are used in computing education.
Promoting Indigenous Financial Inclusion
Authors: D'Rosario Michael
Published: October 2019

This article describes how the majority of Australia's indigenous communities live within isolated regions and are typically characterized by levels of disadvantage not evidenced within mainstream Australian society. While there are a number of reasons for the evidenced disadvantages, access to financial services and social services are acknowledged as key contributors. The article outlines the role of banking sector competition and changing banking structures on the exclusion of indigenous people from banking services. It is claimed herein that access, marketing, price, and self-exclusion all serve to promote financial exclusion. It is posited that forms of access exclusion such as bank branch access and geographic dispersion have served as the key structural impediments to indigenous financial inclusion. Specifically, this article considers the potential role of adaptive cellular technologies and community telecentres in addressing financial exclusion within indigenous communities. Detailing successful ‘social banking' models adopted in several developing countries, it is asserted that m-banking could serve as a powerful tool for inclusion.
Managing Indigenous Knowledge in Tanzania
Authors: Iwata John Jackson , Hoskins Ruth G. M.
Published: October 2019

This chapter examines the integration of a business perspective in the management of indigenous knowledge (IK). Indigenous knowledge existed among the diverse societies in Tanzania since the beginning of life in such societies. With a business perspective it is considered that IK will be properly managed as the IK owners will be rewarded with some benefits for engaging in such business. Therefore, this chapter is designed to help readers understand: the status quo of managing IK in Tanzania; the applicability of the business perspective to the management of IK; the impacts of the business perspective in the management and development of IK; and the roles of stakeholders (IK owners and the government) in managing IK as a business enterprise. Thus, a business perspective for the management of such knowledge as a major source of development in this era of the knowledge economy is highly recommended for the appreciation revival of such knowledge.
Language Policy Execution
Authors: Nkuna Paul Hendry
Published: October 2019

South Africa is a multilingual country with 11 official languages. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, provides that every learner may use the official language of his or her choice in any public institution of the country. The Language Policy for Higher Education (Ministry of Education, 2002) requires all South African universities to develop and execute language policies. This chapter focuses on language policy execution by South African universities. The emphasis is on the execution of language policy in relation to the promotion and development of the nine official indigenous languages, namely isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, siSwati, Tshivenda and Xitsonga.
Using Media to Resolve Media Engendered Ethnic Conflicts in Multiracial Societies
Authors: Lando Agnes Lucy
Published: October 2019

Due to varied reasons, all nations host people of diverse cultural backgrounds. Kenya, a nation of 40 million people with over 40 tribes, is not exempt. Further, Kenya, like any other nation, suffers ethnic conflicts. The most pronounced ethnic conflicts have been the 2007-2008 Post Election Violence and the 1990s land clashes. These clashes were visible to the local and international community because people were killed, displaced and properties destroyed. However, there is a covert ethnic conflict in Kenya. This is the subtle plight of the Somalis of Kenya origin who find themselves in constant conflict with the “other” Kenyans. Based on 2014 research findings, this chapter exposes the ethnic conflicts Somalis of Kenyan origin endure. From the findings, it is apparent that the ethnic plights of Somalis of Kenyan origin are media engendered and can, to a great extent, be resolved by media.
Transitional Justice and Indigenous Jurisdictions Processes in Colombia
Authors: Santamaria Angela , Acosta Monica , Fernandez Mauricio Alejandro
Published: October 2019

Transitional justice and its range of mechanisms and goals appear to be an important debate about how to deal with past human rights abuses in transition societies or post conflicts. Because of the Peace and Justice Law 975 of 2005 and the actual Colombian scenario of a peace process between the Colombian state and FARC, the analysis of this kind of “justice” and the indigenous jurisdiction appear to be a complex subject in Colombia. The authors would like to discuss, the different uses of international and national laws concerning Indigenous peoples in Colombia, as a social process of complex interactions involving different types of agents (State actors, NGOs, international organizations, indigenous organizations, lawyers, etc.). In addition, it will be important to discuss how the transitional justice framework in Colombia brings up some incongruence to coordinate and apply concepts accordingly to the indigenous jurisdiction, drawing on four case studies and ethnographical work dealing with the international production of customary law.
Tipaimukh Multipurpose Hydroelectric Project
Authors: Osmani Ali Reja
Published: October 2019

Moving ahead from the freshwater reservoir versus climate change debate, the Indo-Bangla controversy over the Tipaimukh Project exists over the right of riparian states. India needs more energy to propel its economic growth, whereas Bangladesh is worried about downstream impact. The concerns of Bangladesh are based on the experience of severe water shortage and other impacts of Farakka Barrage and Teesta Barrage and also Himalayan Component of the Interlinking of River Project. Over the years some progress was made at bilateral level. But the major problem remains unaddressed i.e. without reconciling the issues of indigenous people a big dam cannot be constructed. This paper highlighted the existing scenario of Bangladesh and the indigenous people of Manipur in India in one hand and ecological, socio-economic concern in other hand i.e. obligation not to cause significant harm. There is no straight way answers available to be choose between a ‘Yes' or ‘No'; neither depends on the issues of ‘might' over ‘right' or ‘development' over ‘destruction', but on the circumstances to come.
Alimentação nos Estádios: Expectativas e Motivações Após a Copa do Mundo no Brasil
Authors: Lima Tatiana Mara de Miranda , Camargo Shirlei Miranda
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar as expectativas e motivações em relação aos serviços de alimentação nos estádios reformulados por ocasião da Copa do Mundo Fifa 2014. A realização do evento no Brasil desencadeou uma série de mudanças, inclusive nos estádiosque não sediaram partidas do campeonato, como no Estádio Major Antônio Couto Pereira, em Curitiba-PR,aqui utilizado para estudo de caso. Por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, foi possível apontar as principais motivações para o consumo de alimentos no estádio, que são “fome” e “descontração”. Já em relação às expectativas dos torcedores consultados, embora a maioria deles tenha se declarado satisfeita, foram apresentadas algumas demandas, como a necessidade novos quiosques e outros produtos. Além disso, essa pesquisa destacou-se por prestar sua contribuição como uma das primeiras iniciativas acadêmicas do país a abordar, como foco principal, os serviços de alimentação nos estádios e sua importância para a geração de divisas aos clubes.
The Schadenfreude Effect: When Your Losses Are More Enjoyable Than My Wins
Authors: Farias Mendes Bruno , Alba George
Published: October 2019

It is not uncommon for people to feel good when bad luck happens to others, especially when there is rivalry. The paper aims to investigate the impact of schadenfreude (pleasure in another’s misfortune) on decision-making. The first study, a lab experiment, showed that people preferred to send news about one’s favorite team victory (pride) over one’s rival team loss (schadenfreude) when the outcome of the game displayed small score differences and select the schadenfreude option when the score differences were large.  The second study, conducted in the field, showed that supporters of a rival team increased their probability of betting against the target team when the target team was praised prior to the game. Taken together, the results show that schadenfreude is more powerful when the damage to a rival is large (study 1) or when the rival is praised (study 2).
M(eu)Phone: Os Significados de Consumo Para o Consumidor de iPhone Que Não Possui Renda Própria
Authors: Jacomino Gabriela Porfírio , Biggi Larissa Meneguello , Pépece Olga Maria Coutinho
Published: October 2019

O presente estudo objetivou entender o valor da marca e os significados de consumo do iPhone para seus consumidores que não possuem renda própria, tendo em vista a relevância do segmento de smartphones no mercado, em especial do iPhone. Para isso, a pesquisa qualitativa descritiva foi baseada em dados primários coletados de entrevistas, os quais foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo categorial de Bardin (1979). Os resultados identificaram: dificuldade de definição da marca iPhone, a qual foi referenciada como categoria de produto; ênfase no sofrimento pela possibilidade de perda do iPhone, porém sem aflições quando de sua substituição; funcionalidades que agradam ao consumidor e o faz fiel à marca; status permitido pela posse do iPhone perante o grupo social e a sociedade como um todo; e extensão do self com o símbolo do iPhone. Sobretudo, o valor da marca (brand equity) e os significados de consumo para aqueles que possuem um iPhone, porém não a renda própria para adquiri-lo, transcende ao conceito vinculado à posse concreta do aparelho em si e à posse de algum item da marca Apple, estando fortemente atrelada à posse abstrata da marca iPhone.
A Moda nos Estudos do Campo da Cultura de Consumo: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica
Authors: Pereira Verônica Fujise , Fernandes Lilian Mara Ferreira , Quintão Ronan Torres
Published: October 2019

Os estudos sobre moda no campo de pesquisa de cultura de consumo (CCT) produzem contribuições interessantes para o entendimento do comportamento do consumidor e mercado introduzindo debates e tensões interessantes dentro do campo de pesquisa. Por isso, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de revisar e analisar a literatura do campo de pesquisa relacionada à CCT sobre o conceito de moda e identificar as diferentes abordagens utilizadas até então. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica das publicações dos principais periódicos nacionais e internacionais da área de Marketing e CCT que utilizaram a moda para compreender a dinâmica do mercado, o comportamento do consumidor e suas implicações. Foram encontrados 35 artigos e a análise desses estudos foi realizada a partir de alguns elementos relevantes para a CCT, como campos temáticos, aportes teóricos, contextos estudados, metodologias adotadas, bem como a análise sobre o papel do consumidor no mercado e o uso do discurso da moda na construção de identidades individuais e coletivas. Dessa forma, a pesquisa amplia o entendimento sobre o conceito de moda, incorporando uma revisão dos estudos realizados ao campo da cultura de consumo.
Consumo, Semiótica e Mercado
Authors: Vieira Francisco Giovanni David
Published: October 2019

Apresenta editorial da RIMAR para o volume 8, número 2, julho-dezembro de 2018.
Mapping evaporite minerals and associated sediments in Lake Magadi, Kenya, using Hyperspectral Hyperion data
Authors: Kodikara G. R. L. , Woldai T. , Ruitenbeek F. J. A. van , Shepherd K. D. , Hummel G. J. van
Published: October 2019

Hyperion hyperspectral (VNIR-SWIR) satellite image data was used to map the spatial distribution of mineral precipitates at Lake Magadi area, in the southernmost part of the eastern Kenya rift, Kenya. Mapping was coupled with laboratory analysis, including visible near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (VNIR) measurements and X-ray diffraction for selected rock and soil samples. The VNIR spectral responses of 92 rock and soil samples including trona, chert, diatomite, basalt/trachyte, erionite, Green bed and High Magadi bed were studied and identified. The spectral signatures of Chert samples show the broad Si-OH absorption feature at 2.2 μm while, Green bed, High Magadi bed and diatomite exhibit carbonate absorption feature at 2.35 μm with broad Si-OH absorption feature at 2.2 μm. Trona exhibits six common absorption features at 1.50, 1.74, 1.94, 2.03, 2.22 and 2.39 μm. These characteristics spectral absorption features together with the general shape of the spectral curve are used to identify the surface minerals of the area. In the mapping of different stages of evaporites and other surface minerals using Hyperion data, various image processing techniques including, the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), Pixel Purity Index (PPI) and Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) were applied. These spectral mapping methods coupled with geochemical knowledge of the area substantially improved the existing geological knowledge and enhanced the capability to derive substantial information related to the distribution and formation of precipitates and evaporites in the area.
Epidemiology of Secondary School Boys' and Girls' Basketball Injuries: National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network
Authors: Allen Alex N. , Wasserman Erin B. , Williams Richelle M. , Simon Janet E. , Dompier Thomas P. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Valier Alison R. Snyder
Published: October 2019

Context

Little is known about non–time-loss (NTL) injury patterns in basketball athletes. Knowledge of these patterns may aid in the development of prevention and management strategies for patients with these injuries.

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of time-loss (TL) and NTL injuries sustained by secondary school boys' and girls' basketball athletes.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Eighty-six unique schools provided data, with 84 and 83 contributing to boys' and girls' basketball, respectively.

Patients or Other Participants

Athletes participating in secondary school-sponsored boys' and girls' basketball.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Boys' and girls' basketball data from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION) injury-surveillance program (2011–2012 through 2013–2014 years) were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The NATION captured 2653 injuries over 364 355 athlete-exposures (AEs) for boys' basketball and 2394 injuries over 288 286 AE for girls' basketball, producing rates of 7.28/1000 AEs (95% CI = 7.00, 7.56) for boys and 8.30/1000 AEs (95% CI = 7.97, 8.64) for girls. The overall injury rates were slightly lower for boys (IRR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.83, 0.93). For boys, 559 (21.1%) injuries were TL and 2094 (78.9%) were NTL, producing a TL injury rate of 1.53/1000 AEs (95% CI = 1.40, 1.66) and an NTL injury rate of 5.75/1000 AEs (95% CI = 5.50, 5.99). For girls, 499 (20.8%) injuries were TL and 1895 (79.2%) were NTL, producing a TL injury rate of 1.73/1000 AEs (95% CI = 1.58, 1.88) and an NTL injury rate of 6.57/1000 AEs (95% CI = 6.28, 6.87). Rates of TL injuries were similar between boys' and girls' basketball (IRR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.79, 1.00); NTL injury rates were lower for boys (IRR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.82, 0.93).

Conclusions

When NTL injuries were included, the rates of injury in boys' and girls' secondary school basketball were higher than previously reported.
The influence of employees’ cross-cultural psychological capital on workplace psychological well-being
Authors: Kotze Martina , Massyn Liezel
Published: October 2019

Orientation: In order to withstand the global and local cultural diversity and challenges that South African workplaces face, it is essential for employees to have cross-cultural psychological resources (i.e. cross-cultural psychological capital). A lack of cross-cultural psychological capital or the inability to adjust to cross-cultural environments may impact negatively employees’ psychological well-being.Research purpose: The purpose of this research was to explore the influence of employees’ cross-cultural psychological capital on their psychological well-being (indicated by burnout and work engagement).Motivation for the study: Cross-cultural psychological capital and its influence on employees’ psychological well-being have not been explored in South Africa. This study aimed to fill this gap.Research approach/design and method: Data were collected using questionnaires completed by 213 employees from different organisations in South Africa. Partial least squares (PLS) and structural equations modelling (SEM) were used to explore the relationships between the independent variable (cross-cultural psychological capital) and burnout and work engagement.Main findings: Cross-cultural psychological capital had a statistically significant negative influence on burnout and a statistically significant positive influence on work engagement. It had a stronger negative influence on emotional exhaustion than on cynicism and a stronger positive influence on vigour than on dedication.Practical/managerial implications: Enhancing employees’ cross-cultural psychological capital by means of programmes and short interventions may improve their psychological well-being.Contribution/value-add: This research contributed to filling the gap in the literature regarding the role of cross-cultural psychological capital in the psychological well-being of employees working in cross-cultural environments.
Combination of low-dose glucocorticosteroids and mineralocorticoids as adjunct therapy for adult patients with septic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and observational studies
Authors: Archontakis Barakakis Paraschos , Palaiodimos Leonidas , Fleitas Sosa Derlis , Benes Linda , Gulani Perminder , Fein Daniel
Published: October 2019

Background: The role of the combination of glucocorticosteroids and mineralocorticosteroids in treating septic shock is not well-defined. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing the effect of low-dose hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on patients with septic shock. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were reviewed. A random effect model meta-analysis was used and I-square was used to assess the heterogeneity. Short-term mortality was chosen as our primary end point. A subgroup analysis was performed including only the randomized controlled trials. Results: A total of 10,550 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Administration of the steroid combination was associated with improved short-term mortality (odds ratio, 0.78, confidence interval, 0.64–0.96), intensive care unit mortality, and shock reversal, without increase in steroid-related side effects, such as secondary infection or gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that use of the combination of glucocorticosteroids and mineralocorticosteroids has a beneficial impact on short-term mortality, intensive care unit mortality, and shock reversal, without increasing the incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage or superinfection in patients with septic shock, when used as an adjunct treatment to the established standard of care.
So Similar and Yet So Different: Reasons for Online Purchasing, a Comparative Research in Colombia and Mexico Using Nonparametric Association Tests
Authors: Rentería-García Juan Carlos , Sabogal-Salamanca Mauricio , Mayett-Moreno Yesica
Published: October 2019

The reasons for buying online have occupied the literature of consumer behavior on the Internet for quite some time. Different theories seek to understand the relationships between different variables of purchasing behavior using this channel. However, the literature has not been sufficiently focused on making comparative analysis between countries, especially between emerging and Latin American countries. For this reason, a comparative study that seeks to understand differences between the  reasons to purchase online by country. In 2017, we did survey 552 students, professors and administrative staff in two universities: one in Bogotá, Colombia, and one in Puebla, México using a convenience sampling. We designed a semi-structured questionnaire of 7 items, mostly categorical. Using nonparametric association tests, we discovered that in five of the six questions that are carried out there are significant statistical differences for the two countries such as why they buy in internet, payment methods, shipment, and why they would not buy in the internet . The implications for marketing for those companies interested in penetrating or improving their participation in these markets, is that they should be aware of their differences and use, depending on the country, adapted strategies.
Characterization and assessment of composite materials via inverse finite element modeling
Authors: Llopis-Albert Carlos , Rubio Francisco , Valero Francisco
Published: October 2019

Characterizing mechanical properties play a major role in several fields such as biomedical and manufacturing sectors. In this study, a stochastic inverse model is combined with a finite element (FE) approach to infer full-field mechanical properties from scarce experimental data. This is achieved by means of non-linear combinations of material property realizations, with a certain spatial structure, for constraining stochastic simulations to data within a non-multiGaussian framework. This approach can be applied to the design of highly heterogenous materials, the uncertainty assessment of unknown mechanical properties or to provide accurate medical diagnosis of hard and soft tissues. The developed methodology has been successfully applied to a complex case study.