bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan E-modul Menggunakan Aplikasi Exe-Learning untuk Melatih Literasi Sains
Authors: Muzijah Rini , Wati Mustika , Mahtari Saiyidah
Published: January 2021

Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan e-modul yang layak untuk melatih literasi sains peserta didik. Adapun tujuan khusus penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan validitas e-modul, kepraktisan e-modul dan efektivitas e-modul. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian & pengembangan dengan model ASSURE dan diujicobakan pada 36 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 4 SMAN 8 Banjarmasin. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Instrumen penelitian ini meliputi lembar validasi e-modul, angket respon peserta didik, dan tes hasil belajar. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa validitas e-modul memperoleh skor 3,41 dengan berkategori sangat valid, kepraktisan e-modul berdasarkan angket respon peserta didik memperoleh rata–rata 3,53 berkategori praktis dan efektivitas e-modul berdasarkan tes hasil belajar memperoleh skor N-Gain 0,41 yang berkategori efektif. Diperoleh simpulan bahwa e-modul menggunakan aplikasi exe-learning layak digunakan untuk melatih literasi sains peserta didik.The general objective of this research is to produce a viable e-module to train students' scientific literacy. This study's specific objectives are to describe the validity of the e-module, the practicality of the e-module, and the effectiveness of the e-module. This research & development type is research & development with the ASSURE model and was tested on 36 students of class XI MIPA 4 SMAN 8 Banjarmasin. Data were analyzed quantitatively. The research instruments included e-module validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and learning outcomes tests. The results of data analysis showed that the validity of the e-module obtained a score of 3.41 with a very valid category, the practicality of e-module based on the student response questionnaire obtained an average of 3.53 in the practical category, and the effectiveness of the e-module based on the test of learning outcomes obtained a score of N- Gain 0.41 which is categorized as effective. The conclusion was that the e-module using the exe-learning application was feasible to use to train students' scientific literacy.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Peserta Didik Pada Materi Elastisitas dan Hukum Hooke Berorientasi Learner Autonomy
Authors: Hafizah Sausan , Miriam Sarah , Misbah Misbah
Published: January 2021

Rendahnya keterampilan proses sains peserta didik dikarenakan penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang didominasi ceramah. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dengan pembelajaran berorientasi learner autonomy. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas model Hopkins terdiri atas 2 siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) keterlaksanaan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaranpada siklus I dan siklus II terlaksana dengan sangat baik; (2) keterampilan proses sains secara pada siklus I memperoleh hasil dengan kriteria baik dan siklus II  memperoleh hasil dengan kriteria sangat baik; dan (3) ketuntasan hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat dari siklus I sebesar 64,29% menjadi 85,71% pada siklus II. Implementasi pembelajaran berorientasi learner autonomy mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains peserta didik. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan proses sains peserta didik di SMA Korpri Banjarmasin kelas XI MIPA dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran berorientasi learner autonomy.Students' low science process skills are due to the use of learning methods that are dominated by lectures. Therefore, this research was conducted to improve science process skills with an autonomous learner-oriented. This research is a Hopkins classroom action research model consisting of 2 cycles. The subject of the research was the students of class XI MIPA Korpri High School Banjarmasin. Data collection techniques were obtained through observation and tests. The results showed: (1) the implementation of the lesson plan implementation sheets in cycle I and cycle II was implemented very well; (2) science process skills in cycle I get results with good criteria and cycle II gets results with very good criteria; and (3) The completeness of the results of study participants students increased from cycle I amounted to 64.29% into 85.71% in cycle II. The implementation of learning, which is oriented towards students' learner autonomy, is significant enough to improve students' process skills. Thus it can be concluded that the science process skills of students in the Korpri High School Banjarmasin at MIPA XI class can be improved through autonomous learner oriented learning.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Fisika Topik Elastistas Menggunakan Model Pengajaran Langsung untuk Melatihkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta Didik
Authors: Ramadhanti Ramadhanti , Mastuang Mastuang , Mahardika Andi Ichsan
Published: January 2021

Bahan ajar di MAN 3 Banjarmasin belum dirancang untuk melatihkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik sehingga kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menghasilkan bahan ajar fisika topik elastisitas menggunakan model pengajaran langsung yang layak digunakan untuk melatihkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik. Kelayakan dilihat dari validitas, kepraktisan, dan efektivitas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan, dengan desain penelitian menggunakan model ADDIE, diujicobakan pada 32 peserta didik kelas XI MIA 2 MAN 3 Banjarmasin. Data diperoleh melalui instrumen penilaian validitas perangkat pembelajaran, lembar keterlaksanaan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), dan tes pemecahan masalah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Bahan ajar (RPP, lembar kerja peserta didik, materi ajar, tes hasil belajar) model pengajaran langsung yang dikembangkan berkategori valid (2) Bahan ajar model pengajaran langsung terlaksana dengan kategori sangat praktis, (3) Bahan ajar langsung berkategori efektif karena nilai N-Gain pemecahan masalah sebesar 0,66 dalam kategori sedang. Diperoleh simpulan bahwa perangkat pengajaran langsung yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk melatihkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik.Learning materials in MAN 3 Banjarmasin have not been designed to train students problem-solving skills so that students' problem-solving skills are still low. Therefore, this study aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective direct instruction model so that it is suitable to be used to train students' problem-solving skills. This type of research is development research, where the research design used the ADDIE model and is tested for 32 students of class XI MIA 2 MAN 3 Banjarmasin. Data were obtained through learning materials validation instruments, lesson plan implementation sheets, and problem-solving tests. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study showed: (1) learning materials of direct instruction were in valid category; (2) learning materials with direct instruction model were in very, (3) learning materials of direct instruction model is effective because the N-Gain value is 0.66; means an increase in the medium category. It was concluded that learning devices with the direct instruction model developed were feasible to train students problem-solving skills.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Peserta Didik
Authors: Dwiyanti Erdian , Rosana Dadan
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis proyek untuk, (1) mengetahui tingkat kelayakan, (2) mengetahui efektivitas perangkat pembelajaran berbasis proyek, dan (3) mengetahui tingkat penguasaan keterampilan proses sains dan tingkat penguasaan materi peserta didik pada materi suhu dan kalor dengan menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan hasil modifikasi model pengembangan Borg & Gall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) prosedur pengembangan model perangkat pembelajaran berbasis proyek mengadopsi dan memodifikasi model R & D (Borg & Gall) memperoleh nilai A dengan kategori sangat baik; (2) Efektivitas perangkat pembelajaran berbasis proyek dari guru dan observer pada aspek validitas, realibilitas, objektivitas, kepraktisan, sistematis dan Bahasa pada kategori cukup baik, dan (3) ketercapaian keterampilan proses sains peserta didik pada kelas eksperirmen mencapai 86.07% sedangkan pada kelas kontrol hanya 63.48%, Adapun penguasaan materi ditinjau dari persentase peserta didik di kelas eksperimen yang mencapai KKM sebesar 96.87% sedangkan peserta didik di kelas kontrol 6.25%. This study aims to develop project-based learning tools, (1) to determine the feasibility of the products developed; (2) determine the effectiveness of the project-based learning, and (3) determine the level of mastery of science process skills and the level of mastery of the material students in the material and the temperature of the heat by using project-based learning. This research is the development of a modified model of the development of Borg & Gall. Research activities consist of three phases: development limited, testing and expanded trials. The results show that: (1) the procedure of model development project-based learning tools adopt and modify the model of R & D (Borg & Gall) obtaining an A in the category of very good; (2) The effectiveness of project-based learning teacher and observer to the aspect of validity, reliability, objectivity, practicality, and systematic language category is average categories, and (3) The achievement of students' science process skills in the experiment reached 86.07% while in the control class it was only 63.48%. The mastery of the material based on the proportion of students in the experimental class who achieved KKM was 96.87%, while students in the control class were 6.25%.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Suhu dan Kalor Berbasis Multimodel untuk Melatihkan Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Hasil Belajar
Authors: Lailis Agustin Novia , Arifuddin Muhammad , M Abdul Salam
Published: January 2021

Keterampilan proses sains serta hasil belajar peserta didik dalam kenyatannya kurang dilatih di sekolah. Sehingga mendorong dilakkan pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis multimodel. Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini adalah mengperoleh bahan ajar suhu dan kalor yang layak digunakan untuk melatihkan keterampilan proses sains peserta didik. Perangkat pembelajaran dikembangkan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek uji coba penelitin pada 31 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA PGRI 6 Banjarmasin. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan melalui validasi bahan ajar, observasi keterlaksanaan RPP dan keterampilan proses sains, serta tes hasil belajar. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa: (1) validitas RPP, materi ajar, LKPD dan THB berkategori baik; (2) kepraktisan berdasarkan keterlaksaan RPP berkategori praktis; (3) efektivitas berdasarkan hasil belajar berkategori sedang; dan (4) keterampilan proses sains yang berkategori baik. Diperoleh simpulan bahwa bahan ajar suhu dan kalor yang dikembangkan adalah layak digunakan untuk melatihkan keterampiln proses sains peserta didik.Science process skills and learning outcomes of the students are not adequately trained in school, encouraging the development of multimodel-based teaching materials. This development research aims to obtain a suitable temperature and heat teaching material used to train students' science process skills. Learning developed using the development model tools were ADDIE. Research trial subjects were 31 students of Class XI MIPA 1 SMA PGRI 6 Banjarmasin. Research data collection is done through validating teaching materials, observing the implementation of lesson plans and science process skills, and learning achievement tests. The data analysis technique was done descriptively and qualitatively. The results of the study prove that: (1) the validity of lesson plans, teaching materials, student worksheets and good learning outcomes tests; (2) practicality based on the implementation of RPP categorized as practical; (3) effectiveness based on moderate learning outcomes; and (4) good scientific process skills. It was concluded that the temperature and heat teaching material developed was appropriate for training students' scientific process skills.
Lipidomic Signatures Align with Inflammatory Patterns and Outcomes in Critical Illness
Authors: Wu Junru , Cyr Anthony , Gruen Danielle , Lovelace Tyler , Benos Panayiotis , Chen Tianmeng , Guyette Francis , Yazer Mark , Daley Brian , Miller Richard , Harbrecht Brian , Claridge Jeffrey , Phelan Herb , Zuckerbraun Brian , Neal Matthew , Johansson Pär , Stensballe Jakob , Namas Rami , Vodovotz Yoram , Sperry Jason , Billiar Timothy , Group PAMPer Study
Published: January 2021

Alterations in lipid metabolism have the potential to be markers as well as drivers of the pathobiology of acute critical illness. Here, we took advantage of the temporal precision offered by trauma as a common cause of critical illness to identify the dynamic patterns in the circulating lipidome in critically ill humans. The major findings include an early loss of all classes of circulating lipids followed by a delayed and selective lipogenesis in patients destined to remain critically ill. Early in the clinical course, Fresh Frozen Plasma administration led to improved survival in association with preserved lipid levels that related to favorable changes in coagulation and inflammation biomarkers. Late over-representation of phosphatidylethanolamines with critical illness led to the validation of a Lipid Reprogramming Score that was prognostic not only in trauma but also severe COVID-19 patients. Our lipidomic findings provide a new paradigm for the lipid response underlying critical illness.
A cholinergic medial septum input to medial habenula mediates generalization formation and extinction of visual aversion
Authors: Mu Rong-Hao , Han Xiao-Meng , Wang Hao , Tang Su-Su , Long Yan , Yuan Dan-Hua , Hong Hao
Published: January 2021

Generalization formation and extinction of aversion are associated with affective disorders, but little is known about underlying mechanisms. Here, we established a novel procedure for induction of visual aversion by dynamic stripe images on digital screens in mice. We found that decreased activity of medial septum (MS) cholinergic neurons led to generalization aversion loss, but didn’t affect its extinction. We identified a new projection from MS cholinergic neurons to medial habenula (MHb), and found that inhibiting MS→MHb cholinergic circuit disrupts generalization formation, while activating this circuit damages extinction. The further studies showed that blockade of M1 mAChRs rather than α4β2 and α7 nAChRs on downstream glutamatergic neurons that corelease glutamate and acetylcholine blunted generalization enhancement and extinction deficit caused by activation of MS→MHb circuits. These findings reveal that MS→MHb cholinergic circuit modulates generalization formation and extinction of aversion, providing new insights on affective disorders such as PTSD and anxiety disorders.
Novel transgenic mice with Cre-dependent co-expression of GFP and human ACE2: a safe tool for study of COVID-19 pathogenesis
Authors: Bruter Alexandra , Korshunova Diana , Kubekina Marina , Sergiev Petr , Kalinina Anastasiia , Ilchuk Leonid , Silaeva Yuliya , Korshunov Eugeniy , Soldatov Vladislav , Deykin Alexey
Published: January 2021

Current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemia still belongs to the most serious problems of public health. A growing body of data shows that infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a very complex and multifaceted disease requiring its detailed study to fight with. Nevertheless, there is a row of stumbling blocks in the way of experimental research of COVID-19 determined by the deficiency of appropriate animal models. Herein, we report novel humanized mice with Cre-dependent expression of hACE2, the main entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2. These mice carry hACE2 and GFP transgenes floxed by the STOP-cassette, allowing them to be used as breeders for the creation of animals with the tissue-specific co-expression of hACE2 and GFP. Moreover, inducible expression of hACE2 makes this line biosafe, whereas co-expression with GFP simplifies the detection of transgene-expressing cells. In our study, we tested our line by crossing with Ubi-Cre mice, characterized by tamoxifen-dependent ubiquitous activation of Cre-recombinase. After tamoxifen administration, copy number of the STOP-cassette was decreased and the offspring expressed hACE2 and GFP, confirming the efficiency of our system. We believe that our model can be a useful tool for studying COVID-19 pathogenesis because the selective expression of hACE2 can shed light on the role of different tissues in SARS-CoV-2 associated complications. Obviously, it can also be used for preclinical trials of antiviral drugs and new vaccines.
Exploring Young Adulthood Psychopathology Networks Related to Depression Using Partial Correlation Network and Bayesian Network
Authors: Kim Min Seob , Jeong Bumseok
Published: January 2021

To characterize young adulthood depression is complicated because it is entangled with a broad spectrum of symptoms as well as traumatic experiences during development. However, previous symptom network studies have focused on undirected transdiagnostic association among depression and anxiety symptoms. Our study investigated both undirected and directed connections among variables potentially associated with depression, such as anxiety, addiction, subjective distress caused by traumatic events, perceived emotional adversities, and support systems. Both the regularized partial correlation network analysis and Bayesian network analysis were applied to 579 subjects screened for depression. Anxiety-related symptoms played a role as a hub node in the partial correlation network and Bayesian network. The vulnerability analysis of the partial correlation network showed that verbal abuse, social anxiety, concentration problems, and suicidal ideation had the strongest influence on changes in the network’s topology. In the Bayesian network analysis, loss of interest, depressed mood, and parental verbal abuse were located as parent nodes in the directed acyclic graph. In the aspect of disease networks, more attention should be paid to certain variables encompassing various domains as well as depressive symptoms in young adults’ mental health management.
Body Mass Index role in Lumbar Sacrum Spine Anterio-Posterior and Lateral Radiography by adjusting the radiation exposure factor mAs & kVp to avoid unnecessary radiation dose in patient- An Observational Study
Authors: Yadav Kripanand , Boora Navreet , Virmani Nitish , Sharma BB
Published: January 2021

Background

- To evaluate the role of BMI values before each L. S. spine radiograph and to choose the optimum radiation exposure factors without compromised the radiographic image quality. The data of BMI values of each patient’s and radiation exposure values like mAs & kVp were collected. This study was based on the observation analysis of BMI values with radiation exposure parameters like mAs & kVp. Forty patients were added to this study. Out of which, 26 were female and 14 male patients were added.
Result

- In the result, the exposure factors were used in the first two categories i.e. normal BMI and overweight BMI were found optimum with good anatomical details and good quality radiographs. But in the rest three BMI categories i.e Pre-Obese, Pre-obese 1, and Obese, the radiation exposure factors were not found appropriate in different BMI values/categories.
Conclusion

- The study concludes that blind selection of radiation exposure factors (mAs & kVp) for each X-Ray procedure, is unprofessional behavior of radiographer. Appropriate radiation exposure chart, the amount of radiation dose can be reduced by 20–30% without compromising the radiographic image quality.
Nanometric Turing Patterns: Morphogenesis of a Bismuth Monolayer
Authors: Fuseya Yuki , Katsuno Hiroyasu , Behnia Kamran , Kapitulnik A
Published: January 2021

Turing's reaction-diffusion theory of morphogenesis has been very successful in understanding macroscopic patterns within complex objects ranging from biological systems to sand dunes. However, this mechanism was never tested against patterns that emerge at the atomic scale, where the basic ingredients are subject to constraints imposed by quantum mechanics. Here we report evidence of a Turing pattern that appears in a strained atomic bismuth monolayer assembling on the surface of NbSe2 subject to interatomic interactions and respective kinetics. The narrow range of microscopic parameters reflected in numerical analysis that observe stripe patterns and domain walls with Y-shaped junctions is a direct consequence of the quantum-mechanically allowed bond-lengths and bond-angles. This is therefore the first demonstration of a dynamically formed Turing pattern at the atomic scale.
The Effectiveness of Non Pharmaceutical Interventions in Reducing the Outcomes of the COVID-19 Epidemic in the UK, an Observational and Modelling Study.
Authors: Galanis Giorgos , Guilmi Corrado Di , Bennett David , Baskozos Georgios
Published: January 2021

Background: the context and purpose of the studyEpidemiological models used to inform government policies aimed to contain the contagion of COVID-19, assume that the reproduction rate is reduced through Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) leading to physical distancing. Available data in the UK show an increase in physical distancing before the NPIs were implemented and a fall soon after implementation. We aimed to estimate the effect of people’s behaviour on the epidemic curve and the effect of NPIs taking into account this behavioural component. Methods: how the study was performed and statistical tests usedWe have estimated the effects of confirmed daily cases on physical distancing and we used this insight to design a bevavioural SEIR model (BeSEIR), simulated different scenaria regarding NPIs and compared the results to the standard SEIR. Results: the main findingsTaking into account behavioural insights improves the description of the contagion dynamics of the epidemic significantly. The BeSEIR predictions regarding the number of infections without NPIs were several orders of magnitude less than the SEIR. However, the BeSEIR prediction showed that early measures would still have an important influence in the reduction of infections. The BeSEIR model shows that even with no intervention the percentage of the cumulative infections within a year will not be enough for the epidemic to resolve due to a herd immunity effect. On the other hand, a standard SEIR model significantly overestimates the effectiveness of measures. Conclusions:Without taking into account the behavioural component, the epidemic is predicted to be resolved much sooner than when taking it into account and the effectiveness of measures are significantly overestimated.
Uncovering hydrogen anion triggered thermal runaway mechanism of a high-energy LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/graphite pouch cell
Authors: Huang Lang , Xu Gaojie , Du Xiaofan , Li Jiedong , Xie Bin , Lu Di , Liu Haisheng , Zhao Min , Han Pengxian , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei , Chen Liquan
Published: January 2021

The continuous energy density increase of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) inevitably accompanies with the rising of safety concerns. Here, the thermal characteristics of a high-energy 5 Ah LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/graphite pouch cell using a thermally stable dual-salt electrolyte were analyzed. Heat determination during cycling at two boundary scenarios of adiabatic and isothermal environment clearly states the necessity of designing an efficient and smart battery thermal management system. More importantly, it is innovatively proposed that the hydrogen anion (H−) induced H2 releasing at anode side and H2 migration to cathode side is the rooted thermal runaway trigger of the pouch cell, while the phase transformation of lithiated graphite anode and the O2-releasing by delithiated cathode are just accelerating factors for thermal runaway. These findings will shed promising lights on thermal runaway route map depiction and thermal runaway prevention, as well as formulation of electrolyte for high energy safer LIBs.
Whole Consultation Simulation in Undergraduate Surgical Education: a Breast Clinic Case Study
Authors: Lee Alice , Abdulhussein Dalia , Fallaha Mohammad , Buckeldee Olivia , Morrice Rory , Leedham-Green Kathleen
Published: January 2021

Background: Safe and effective clinical outcomes (SECO) clinics enable medical students to integrate clinical knowledge and skills within simulated environments. This realistic format may better prepare students for clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate how simulated surgical clinics based on the SECO framework aligned with students’ educational priorities in comparison with didactic tutorials.Methods: We delivered two breast surgery SECO-based simulated clinics to Year 3 students during their surgical attachments at a London teaching hospital. All students attended a didactic breast surgery tutorial the previous week. Pre- and post-session surveys and post-session debriefs were used to explore learning gain, processes, preferences and impacts on motivation to learn. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis to categorise student views into themes.Results: 17 students enrolled in the simulated clinics and debriefs. Students expressed that passing examinations was a key extrinsic motivating factor, although the SECO-based format appeared to shift their motivation for learning towards aspiring to be clinically competent. Self-reported confidence in clinical skills such as history taking and examination improved significantly. Active learning methods were valued. Students expressed a preference for simulated clinics to complement, but not replace, tutorial-based learning.Conclusion: The SECO-based simulated clinic promoted a shift towards intrinsic motivation for learning by allowing students to recognise the importance of preparing for clinical practice in addition to passing examinations. Integration of surgical simulated clinics into the undergraduate curriculum could facilitate acquisition of clinical skills through active learning, a method highly valued by students.
The subduction influence on ocean ridge basalts and its significance
Authors: Yang Alexandra Yang , Langmuir Charles , Cai Yue , Goldstein Steven , Michael Peter , Chen Zhongxing
Published: January 2021

The plate tectonic cycle produces chemically distinct mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and arc volcanics, with the latter enriched in fluid-mobile elements and depleted in Nb owing to fluxes from the subducted slab. Basalts from back-arc basins (BABB), with intermediate compositions, show that the subduction flux can escape the arc. Hence it is puzzling why arc signatures have rarely been recognized in MORB. Here we report the first MORB samples with distinct arc signatures, akin to BABB, from the Arctic Gakkel Ridge. A new high precision dataset for 576 Gakkel samples suggests a pervasive subduction influence. This influence can also be identified in Atlantic and Indian MORB with a “BABB filter”, but is nearly absent in Pacific MORB. This global distribution reflects the control of a “subduction shield” that has surrounded the Pacific Ocean for 180Myr. Statistics suggest that a flux equivalent to ~ 13% of output at arcs is incorporated into the convecting upper mantle.
Exploring the adaptive mechanism of Camellia limonia in karst high calcium environment via an integrative analysis of metabolomics and metagenomics
Authors: Liu Chunni , Huang Yang , Wu Feng , Liu Wenjing , Ning Yiqiu , Huang Zhenrong , Liang Yu
Published: January 2021

Background: Yellow Camellia is a kind of rare plant with high economic and medicinal value. It is known as the "giant panda" of the botanical world. Camellia group of plants (Camellia Sect. Chrysantha Chang) is the only golden flower of Theaceae. Compared with Camellia nitidissima, Camellia limonia grows in karst areas, where the soil has the characteristic of high calcium content. However, there are few studies about the Camellia limonia in karst soil environment and the adaptation mechanism is no clear. Results: In this study, we found that under high calcium treatment, the chlorophyll content and leaf areas of Camellia limonia increased, while those of Camellia nitidissima decreased. The photosynthetic efficiency of Camellia limonia was more stable and higher than Camellia nitidissima. Compared with Camellia nitidissima, the conductance was larger and the degree of leaf shrinkage was smaller in Camellia limonia. The metabolomics analysis showed that the kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside, tyrosol, 6-o-methyldeacetylisoipecoside and (r)-mandelic acid are the main differently metabolic compounds . The results of karst high calcium soil metagenomics showed that microbacterium-testaceum, intrasporangium-calvum and rubrivivax-gelatinosus significantly changed. Through metabonomics and metagenomics integrative analysis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis is suggested to be the main regulation pathway, which is regulated by apigenin, kaempferol, astragalin, isoquercitrin metabolites and TT7, UGT78D1, UGT78D2 genes. This metabolic pathway involves the synthesis of flavonoids. Flavonoids have the functions in drought and salt resistance, which play an important role in the adaptation of Camellia limonia in karst high calcium environment.Conclusion: This omics study identified key regulation metabolites and genes for Camellia and provided important basis for the adaptive mechanism of plants to adapt to the high-calcium environment and the protection of Camellia species.
Relationship between painless delivery and postpartum depression: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Authors: Suzumori Nobuhiro , Ebara Takeshi , Tamada Hazuki , Matsuki Taro , Sato Hirotaka , Kato Sayaka , Saitoh Shinji , Kamijima Michihiro , Sugiura-Ogasawara Mayumi
Published: January 2021

Background
Postpartum depression is one of the most commonly experienced psychological disorders for women after childbirth, usually occurring within one year. This study aimed to clarify whether women with painless delivery, including epidural analgesia, spinal-epidural analgesia, and paracervical block, had a decreased risk of postpartum depression after giving birth in Japan.
Methods
The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) was a prospective cohort study that enrolled registered fetal records (n = 104,065) in 15 regions nationwide in Japan. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted odd ratios (aORs) for the association between mode of delivery with or without analgesia and postpartum depression at one-, six- and twelve-months after childbirth.
Results
At six months after childbirth, painless vaginal delivery was associated with a higher risk of postpartum depression (aOR: 1.218, 95% confidence interval: 1.067–1.391), compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia or cesarean section. Nevertheless, the risk disappeared one year after delivery. Among the pregnant women who requested painless delivery, 5.1% had a positive Kessler-6 scale (K6) score for depression before the first trimester (p < 0.0001), which was significantly higher than the proportions in the vaginal delivery without analgesia (3.5%) and cesarean delivery (3.5%) groups.
Conclusions
Our data suggested that the risk of postpartum depression at six months after childbirth tended to be increased after painless vaginal delivery, compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia or cesarean section. Requests for painless delivery continue to be relatively uncommon in Japan, and women who make such requests might be more likely to experience postpartum depressive symptoms because of underlying personality characteristics, including a tendency to worry.
Value of Radiotherapy After Minimally Invasive Surgery in Patients With Stage IA1-IIA1 cervical cancer
Authors: Liu Wen-qi , Gan Yi-xiu , Du Qing-hua , Li Jian , Wei Ye-ping , Jiang Xu-wei , Xu Xue-mei , Yue Hai-ying , Li Xiang-de , Zhu Hui-jun , Ou Xue , Zhong Qiu-lu , Luo Dan-jing , Liang Qian-fu , Xie Yi-ting , Zhang Qiang-qiang , Li Ge-li , Shang Yuan-ting
Published: January 2021

To estimate whether adjuvant radiotherapy is necessary for patients with stage IA1-IIA1 cervical cancer after laparoscopic hysterectomy, 221 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-two of them were treated with laparoscopic hysterectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy (group A), 115 underwent open surgery (group B) and 44 received laparoscopic hysterectomy alone (group C). Results showed that the 3-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates of group A, B and C were 98.4%, 97.4% and 86.4%, respectively. The LRFS rates of group A and B surpassed C (A vs. B, p = 0.634; A vs. C, p = 0.011; B vs. C, p = 0.006). The inter-group differences of 3-year overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) were not statistically significant. In subgroup analysis of stage IB disease, the 3-year LRFS rates of group A, B and C were 100%, 98.8 % and 83.1%, the 3-year OS rates of group A, B and C were 100%, 98.9% and 91.5%, respectively. The 3-year LRFS and OS rates of group A and B were significantly superior to group C (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that adjuvant radiotherapy can reduce the risk of recurrence for women with early-stage cervical cancer after laparoscopic hysterectomy and bring survival benefits for patients with stage IB disease.
First report demonstrating the safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-COV-2 BNT162b1 mRNA vaccine in younger and older Chinese adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blind Phase I study
Authors: Zhu Fengcai , Li Jingxin , Hui Aimin , Zhang Xiang , Yang Yumei , Tang Rong , Ye Huayue , Ji Ruiru , Lin Mei , Zhu Zhongkui , Türeci Özlem , Jia Siyue , Pan Hongxing , Peng Fuzhong , Ma Zhilong , Wu Zhenggang , Shi Yunfeng , Bexon Martin , Sahin Ugur , Zhu Li
Published: January 2021

An effective vaccine is needed to end the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Data from the U.S. NCT04368728 and German EudraCT 2020-001038-36 vaccine trials was recently reported, showing the safety, tolerability, and antibody response of the BNT162b1 vaccine candidate. BNT162b1 encodes the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain and is one of several RNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates under study. Here, we report preliminary results from a Phase I trial testing BNT162b1 in 144 healthy Chinese participants.
The safety profile was broadly comparable to that seen in the American and German trials, with fever the only Grade 3 adverse event reported. Prime-boost vaccination with 10 µg or 30 µg BNT162b1 induced robust antibody responses in both younger (18 to 55 years of age) and older (65 to 85) Chinese adults, and interferon-γ T-cell responses to RBD antigen challenge were significantly higher in participants receiving BNT162b1 than those in placebo groups.
The 30 µg dose induced increased reactogenicity as well as a more favorable vaccine-elicited virus-neutralizing response than the 10 µg dose in both younger and older Chinese adults. In conclusion, this first report of an mRNA vaccine in an Asian population showed similar results to BNT162b1 trials.

This trial was funded by Fosun and BioNTech and registered under ChiCTR2000034825 and NCT04523571.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of Immune-mediated Necrotizing Myopathy
Authors: Shi Jiaying , Wang Shule , Zhang Jingfei , Chang Xueli , Wang Juan , Zhang Jing , Guo Junhong , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2021

Background: Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a type of autoimmune myopathy with limited therapeutic measures. This study aims to elucidate the potential biomarkers and investigate the underlying mechanisms in IMNM. Materials and Methods: Microarray datasets in GSE128470 and GSE39454 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtrated by limma package in R statistical software. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using DAVID online tools. STRING database was used to construct protein‑protein interaction (PPI) networks. The module analysis and hub genes validation were performed using Cytoscape software. Results: Integrated analysis of two databases revealed 160 co-expressed DEGs in IMNM, including 80 downregulated genes and 80 upregulated genes. GO enrichment analysis revealed that sarcomere is the most significantly enriched GO term within the DEGs. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment pathways in cancer. A PPI network consisting of 115 nodes and 205 edges were constructed and top 20 hub genes were identified. Two key modules from the network were identified. Eight hub genes in module 1 (MYH3, MYH7B, MYH8, MYL5, MYBPH, ACTC1, YNNT 2 and MYOG) are tightly associated with skeletal muscle construction. Seven hub genes in module 2 (C1QA, TYROBP, MS4A6A, RNASE6, FCGR2A, FCER1G and LAPTM5) mainly take part in immune response. Conclusions: Our research indicated that cancer-related pathways, skeletal muscle construction pathways and immune-mediated pathways might participate in the development of IMNM. Identified hub genes may serve as potential biomarkers or targets for early diagnosis.
A Biomimetic Peptide has no Effect on the Isotopic Fractionation during in Vitro Silica Precipitation
Authors: Cassarino Lucie , Curnow Paul , Hendry Katharine
Published: January 2021

The stable isotopic composition of diatom silica is used as a proxy for nutrient utilisation in natural waters. This approach provides essential insight into the current and historic links between biological production, carbon cycling and climate. However, estimates of isotopic fractionation during diatom silica production from both laboratory and field studies are variable, and the biochemical pathways responsible remain unknown. Here, we investigate silicon isotopic fractionation through a series of chemical precipitation experiments that are analogous to the first stages of intracellular silica formation within the diatom silicon deposition vesicle. The novelty of our experiment is the inclusion of the R5 peptide, which is closely related to a natural biomolecule known to play a role in diatom silicification. Our results suggest that the presence of R5 induces a systematic but non-significant difference in fractionation behaviour. It thus appears that silicon isotopic fractionation in vitro is largely driven by an early kinetic fractionation during rapid precipitation that correlates with the initial amount of dissolved silica in the system. Our findings raise the question of how environmental changes might impact silicon isotopic fractionation in diatoms, and whether frustule archives record information in addition to silica consumption in surface water.
3D Numerical Simulation of Acoustophoretic Motioninduced by Boundary-driven Acoustic Streaming Instanding Surface Acoustic wave Microfluidics
Authors: Namnabat MS , Zand Mahdi Moghimi , Houshfar E
Published: January 2021

Standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) have been widely utilized in microfluidic devices to manipulate various cells and micro/nano-objects. Despite widespread application, a time-/cost-efficient versatile 3D model that predicts the particle behavior in such platforms is still lacking. Herein, a fully-coupled 3D numerical simulation of boundary-driven acoustic streaming in the acoustofluidic devices utilizing SSAWs has been conducted based on the limiting velocity finite element method. Through this efficient computational method, the underlying physical interplay from the electromechanical fields of the piezoelectric substrate to different acoustofluidic effects (acoustic radiation force and streaming-induced drag force), fluid-solid interactions, the 3D influence of novel on-chip configuration like tilted-angle SSAW (taSSAW) based devices, required boundary conditions, meshing technique, and demanding computational cost, are discussed. As an experimental validation, a taSSAW platform fabricated on YX 128 LiNbO3 substrate for separating polystyrene beads is simulated, which demonstrates acceptable agreement with reported experimental observations. Subsequently, as an application of the presented 3D model, a novel sheathless taSSAW cell/particle separator is conceptualized and designed. The presented 3D fully-coupled model, due to the more time-/cost-efficient performance than precedented 3D models, the capability to model complex on-chip configurations, and overcome shortcomings and limitations of 2D simulations could be considered as a powerful tool in further the designing and optimizing SSAW microfluidics.
Meta-Consent for the Secondary Use of Health Data Within A Learning Health System: A Qualitative Study of the Public’s Perspective.
Authors: Cumyn Annabelle , Barton Adrien , Dault Roxanne , Safa Nissrine , Cloutier Anne-Marie , Ethier Jean-François
Published: January 2021

Background: The advent of learning healthcare systems (LHSs) raises an important implementation challenge concerning how to request and manage consent to support secondary use of data in learning cycles, particularly research activities. Current consent models in Quebec were not established with the context of LHSs in mind and do not support the agility and transparency required to obtain consent from all involved, especially the citizens. Therefore, a new approach to consent is needed. Previous work identified the meta-consent model as a promising alternative to fulfill the requirements of LHSs, particularly large-scale deployments. We elicited the public’s attitude toward the meta-consent model to evaluate if the model could be understood by the citizens and would be deemed acceptable to prepare for its possible implementation in Quebec. Methods: Eight focus groups, with a total of 63 members of the general public from various backgrounds were conducted in Quebec, Canada, in 2019. Explicit attention was given to literacy levels, language spoken at home and rural vs urban settings. We assessed attitudes, concerns and facilitators regarding key components of the meta-consent model: predefined categories to personalized consent requests, a dynamic web-based infrastructure to record meta-consent, and default settings. To analyse the discussions, a thematic content analysis was performed using a qualitative software. Results: Our findings showed that participants were supportive of this new approach of consent as it promotes transparency and offers autonomy for the management of their health data. Key facilitators were identified to be considered in the implementation of a meta-consent model in the Quebec LHSs: information and transparency, awareness campaigns, development of educational tools, collaboration of front-line healthcare professionals, default settings deemed acceptable by the society as well as close partnerships with recognized and trusted institutions.Conclusions: This qualitative study reveals the openness of a sample of the Quebec population regarding the meta-consent model for secondary use of health data for research. This first exploratory study conducted with the public is an important step in guiding decision-makers in the next phases of implementing the various strategies to support access and use of health data in Quebec.
Diffusion anisotropy descriptor revealing morphology effect of H-ZSM-5 zeolite for olefin catalytic cracking
Authors: Liu Xiaoliang , Shi Jing , Yang Guang , Zhou Jian , Wang Chuanming , Teng Jiawei , Wang Yangdong , Xie Zaiku
Published: January 2021

Zeolite morphology is vital in determining catalytic activity, selectivity and stability in zeolite catalysis, while quantitative description of morphology effect is great challenging but highly desirable. Herein, a descriptor to elucidate the morphology effect is proposed by revealing the diffusion anisotropy in straight and sinusoidal channels of H-ZSM-5 zeolite for olefin catalytic cracking. A series of H-ZSM-5 zeolites with similar nano-sheet morphology were precisely synthesized in which only the length in c-axis varies. It is unexpectedly demonstrated that the catalytic activity and stability can be obviously improved by employing samples with longer length in c-axis. Combining time-resolved in-situ FT-IR spectroscopy with molecular dynamic simulations, we revealed that the difference in catalytic performance can be attributed to the intracrystalline diffusive propensity in different channels. This work not only provides a clear descriptor revealing morphology effect, but also offers deep insight into design of highly effective zeolite catalysts for olefin catalytic cracking.
Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Corticosteroid Injections in Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain: A Comparative Study with Up to 18 Months of Follow-Up
Authors: Annaniemi Juho , Pere Jüri , Giordano Salvatore
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Given the complications involved in corticosteroid (CS) injections, subacromial platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may provide a valid alternative to CS in the treatment of rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 98 patients affected by RCRSP who were treated with either subacromial injection of PRP or CS. The PRP group received three injections of autologous PRP at two weeks interval, and the CS group received one injection of CS. Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) was the primary outcome measure, while secondary outcome measures were the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Range of Motion (ROM) and need for cuff repair surgery, which were analyzed at interval of 6, 12, and 18 months.Results: A total of 75 patients were included in the analysis (PRP n = 35, CS n = 40). Mean follow-up was (PRP 21.1 ± 8.7 months vs CS 33.6 ± 16.3 months, p <0.001). Both groups showed improvement in WORC, VAS and ROM. No significant differences were detected between the two groups in any of the primary (WORC) or secondary outcomes during 6, 12 and 18 months (all p > 0.05). No adverse events were detected.Conclusion: Both treatments improve RCRSP patient’s symptoms, but none of them seems to result in a significant better outcome in this series of patients. PRP can be a safe and feasible alternative to CS in treatment of RCRSP even at long follow-up, to reduce local and systemic effects involved with CS injections.