bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis And Evaluation Of Herbal Formulation Using Natural Extract
Authors: Sudha Rameshwari K  , Muthu Muneeswari M  , Gloria Jemmi Christobel R  , Mallika R  , Renuka R  , Salini R
Published: July 2020

Our study is intended to prepare and evaluate the polyherbal formulation (PHF) using Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Piper nigrum, and lemon juice. Poly Herbal Formulation F1 and F2 were synthesised and subjected to qualitative, quantitative phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity was measured using a standard protocol. Antimicrobial activity of PHFs was observed by the agar well diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities (In-vitro) were studied in F1 by using inhibition of albumin denaturation method. TLC and FTIR are done for the structural elucidation in F1. The F1 and F2 exhibited the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, saponins, Glycosides and proteins. The F1 and F2 show significant activity against the standard in the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The presence of flavonoids and alkaloids may contribute to the anti-microbial activity. The Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity and a metal chelating assay of the F1 possess the highest antioxidant activity of 73.1% and 69% respectively. TLC confirms the presence of flavonoids in F1. FTIR spectrum shows the functional group of amines, alcohols, nitrites, aromatic and aliphatic compounds. These FTIR bands denote stretching and vibrational bands responsible for the compounds like flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols and amino acids. This investigation shows the excellent result in antimicrobial, antioxidant and in-vitro anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. In future, the PHF of F1 can be used as potent therapeutical agents and can be further exploited for their other beneficial effect in the pharmacological studies.
Phytochemical profile and medicinal potentials of Lannea Coromandelica stem
Authors: Jacques Britto N  , Kesavi Durairaj
Published: July 2020

In the history of humanity, great ancestors of Indian sub-continent used plants that possessed unique medicinal properties. They identified the plants from jungles and derived crude drugs out of them for treating infectious diseases. This treatment process was a tradition. In the recent century, this plant-based drug extraction, processing and refining began scientifically by pharmaceutical industries. In this new era, plants with medicinal features are being used in curing broad spectrum of diseases. Lannea Coromandelica (L.C.) is a medicinal plant that belongs to this category. Tribals extensively used it in treating various infectious diseases and common injuries. There have been very few studies on the leaves, barks, flowers, gums and mucilage of this tree. But no preliminary phytochemical composition of L.C. stem has been studied. Therefore, the current work focusses on the screening of the phytochemical profile of the stem of L.C. by the sequential ethanolic extract. Stems of L.C. were procured from Mettur, Tamil Nadu. Thirteen different components were qualitatively analyzed using standard procedures from 100g of L.C. stem extract. In this study, seven components were identified, and their percentage was estimated. Using GC-MS, 50 components were identified of which Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-methyl ester (1.0%) was the major component. The presence of these components in L.C. stem extract can be used in the treatment of different ailments through their antioxidant, anti-arthritic, anti-diabetic, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities.
Polysaccharide-Based Controlled Release Systems for Antipsychotic Therapeutics Delivery
Authors: Pranati Srivastava  , Pushpendra Kumar Tripathi
Published: July 2020

Researches in pharmaceutical fields are now focusing on biopolymer-based drug delivery systems for treatment of mild to severe diseases. Amongst all biopolymers, pectin is one of the frequently available and eco-friendly bio-polymer extracted from different fruit peels and abundantly available in nature. This study focuses to extract the pectin from two different fruits using different methods namely hot water-based extraction and cold maceration, involving two different fruit peels. Post extraction and isolation of polymer, study was performed for characterization of pectin powder by particle shape, particle size distribution, surface area angle of repose, flowability and tapped density. The obtained pectin was used for anti-psychotic drug delivery when incorporated into microspheres by solvent evaporation method. It’s surface morphology and release kinetics was analyzed using in vitro methods and in vivo models and kinetics of drug release (goodness of fit) was assessed. The result revealed that the pectin extracted from mango peel using soxhlation method showed good flow rate, minimum particle size and shape distribution, porosity etc. Moreover, it showed the better drug release data in both invitro and in-vivo analysis. The study concludes that in future the natural biopolymer like pectin stands as a potential candidate for formulation of drug release system for efficient delivery of drug
Safety Implications of GNSS Signal Interference at Zilina Airport
Authors: Andrej Novak  , Alena Novak Sedlackova  , Anna Stelmach  , Doris Novak
Published: July 2020

The paper deals with the issue of GNSS interference and its subsequent impact on airport approach procedures. It discusses the problem of GNSS signal interference and interference identification on a practical example of a small regional airport in Zilina, located close to the highway, through research aimed at its identification, a proposal for the location of a monitoring station and subsequent practical verification. The paper seeks to analyse and provide recommendations for enhancing safety and reliability in GNSS approaches. Given the need to develop the air transport, it is important to ensure the safety and continuity of service provision at small regional airports. The GNSS approach at airports with insufficiently equipped navigation infrastructure seems to be one of the most suitable. Introduction of the GNSS interference monitoring in the final instrument approach phase would increase the safety and reliability of the flight.
The Three Big Stages of the Reconceptualization of Japanese Pacifism: How Alliance Dilemma with the United States Plays a Major Role in Japan
Authors: Halim Velicia Faustine , Syawfi Idil
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to explain the alliance dilemma between the United States and Japan and its impact on the reconceptualization of Japanese pacifism. It implies a decline in one-country pacifism intensity and increasingly flexible reinterpretations of Article 9. Through this research, it turns out that Japan’s lower position of bargaining leverage than the U.S. and the risk of entrapment in alliance dilemma between the U.S. and Japan affect the reconceptualization of pacifism in Japan. The conclusion draws on the findings through the theoretical framework of Glenn Snyder’s Alliance Dilemma, with James D. Morrow’s concept of Autonomy and Security. The term ‘alliance dilemma’ refers to two possible choices states could pick to avoid certain risks in the alliance: “C” strategy (to cooperate) or “D” strategy (to defect). The analysis reveals that Japan is more inclined to choose “C” strategy since it is very dependent on the U.S. As the bad prospective in “C” strategy eventually comes into effect, Japan’s lower position of bargaining leverage than the U.S. and the risk of entrapment it bears become the reasons of reconceptualization of its pacifism.
Volunteer Co-production in Emergency Management in Excluded Areas
Authors: Pilemalm Sofie
Published: July 2020

This study explores ICT-enabled co-production using civil citizens and semi-professionals as volunteer first responders in excluded areas, in order to identify key factors and to compare the groups. It shows that volunteers can make a major difference if arriving first at an emergency site, e.g. saving lives, administering CPR and extinguishing fires. The semi-professionals are more protected than civil citizens where challenges relate to individual versus collective engagement, gender aspects, language barriers or insufficient legal protection. However, the citizens have an advantage in relying on easily accessible ICT support installed on their own mobile phones. For the initiatives to expand and enable long-term engagement, calibrated ICT solutions matching competence, role and language with incident and area are needed. The study confirms previous research arguing for the merging of policy science and information systems research in a rapidly digitalized public-sector transformation, but adds that they need to be complemented by perspectives from sociology in initiatives involving excluded areas.
Democratic Governance of Digital Platforms and Artificial Intelligence?
Authors: Schneider Ingrid
Published: July 2020

The article addresses the digital transformation and new power asymmetries and challenges to democracy by the world’s seven largest digital platforms. Four different governance models are examined: The Chinese authoritarian model, the libertarian US-model, the European regulatory model, and the Mexican hybrid model. The challenges of digital sovereignty and democratic governance of platform capitalism are explored.
Doing Taxes Better: Simplify, Open and Grow Economy
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Faraz Naseem , Anwar Saba
Published: July 2020

Taxes have been the cornerstone of IMF-led adjustment programs
for Pakistan for over four decades. During this period, long term growth
and productivity have declined while the tax policy has become more
contentious and fragmented. Measures multiply as unrealistic targets are
chased with mini budgets every quarter. The following arose from a
high-level conference arranged by PIDE to outline future directions in
tax policy.
Peleando engaños
Authors: Revenga Luis
Published: July 2020

Jesús Franco is the filmmaker who undoubtedly shot more movies than John Ford. His remains were lost, celebrating his farewell, in a public park in Malaga, which in the end is not such a bad place. In this chapter certain events, experiences, observations and some shared experiences are related by the one whom he affectionately called El Chino, or Mr. Quererber: his assistant, co-writer, second unit director and, at all times, his friend, about the most prolific film director of all time, who authored more than two hundred films using nearly seventy pseudonyms.
Analisis Abnormal Return dan Volume Activity terhadap Stock Repurchase
Authors: Syipa Siti Nur , Jhoansyah Dicky , Komariah Kokom
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Abnormal return dan volume activity terhadap Stock repurchase pada perusahaan sub sektor kontruksi non bangunan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif pendekatan dekriptif, kuantitatif dan asosiatif. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu dengan nonprobability sampling dan metode purposive sampling. Pada 10 perusahaan anggota subsektor Kontruksi non Bangunan yang terdaftar di BEI terpilihlah 6 perusahaan yang dijadikan sebagai sample. Data penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan tahunan yang diterbitkan dalam periode 2017 hingga 2018. Teknik pengumpulann data yitu dengan mengunakan data sekunder ialah regresi linier sederhana. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan adanya pengaruh abnormal return dan volume activity secara positif dan signifikan terhadap stock repurchase pada perusahaan subsektor kontruksi non bangunan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Freuds Psychoanalyse
Authors: Köhler Thomas
Published: July 2020

Thomas Köhler eröffnet kompakt und strukturiert einen Zugang zum Werk Sigmund Freuds, wie er sonst nur über das mühevolle Studium der sich im Laufe von Freuds Leben verändernden Originalschriften gelingt.

Mit einer anschaulichen Darstellung der Person Freuds und seiner Auffassung von Wissenschaft macht Köhler die Entstehung des Freud’schen Theoriegebäudes verständlich. Davon ausgehend gliedert er in klare Themenbereiche und liefert die jeweils wichtigsten Ausschnitte der maßgeblichen Freud-Texte. So entsteht ein Überblick über Freuds Psychoanalyse ohne spätere Verwässerungen: vom Unbewussten, der Verdrängung und der Rolle von Kindheit und Sexualität bis zu den Thesen zur Entstehung von Kultur, Gesellschaft und Religion.
Impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on anxiety, depression, and subjective happiness in Russian first-year psychology students
Authors: Skolzkov Anton
Published: July 2020

Globally, there has been an increase in the number of
people with anxiety disorders and depression which is confirmed by particular Russian
data. Despite overall improvements in the global economic situation in recent
decades, general stress levels have not decreased. University freshmen are particularly
vulnerable to stress. Therefore, this pilot study assesses the effectiveness of
mindfulness training aimed at maintaining Russian students’ mental and physical
health. The participants were 83 freshmen from the Psychology Department of Ural
Federal University named after B.N. Yeltsin. Data collection was completed in
November 2019. A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted using a mindfulness-based
cognitive therapy (MBCT) program. Results show that MBCT reduced depression and
increased subjective happiness among first-year psychology students. Frequent mindfulness
meditation practice and studying theoretical materials is associated with
higher rates of positive results. The findings suggest that MBCT can be
effective in working with first-year students in the Psychology Department of
Ural Federal University. Nevertheless, further research is required before implementing
the program on a broad scale in Russian universities.
Defending subjective inflation: An inference to the best explanation
Authors: Knotts J.D. , Michel Matthias , Odegaard Brian
Published: July 2020

In a recent opinion piece, Abid (2019) criticizes the hypothesis that “subjective inflation” may partly account for apparent phenomenological richness across the visual field and outside the focus of attention (Knotts et al. 2018; Odegaard et al. 2018). In response, we address three main issues. First, we maintain that inflation should be interpreted as an intraperceptual – and not post-perceptual – phenomenon. Second, we describe how inflation may differ from “filling-in.” Finally, we contend that, in general, there is sufficient evidence to tip the scales towards intraperceptual interpretations of visibility and confidence judgments.
From Text to Thought: How Analyzing Language Can Advance Psychological Science
Authors: Jackson Joshua Conrad , Watts Joseph , List Johann-Mattis , Drabble Ryan , Lindquist Kristen
Published: July 2020

Humans have been using language for thousands of years, but psychologists seldom consider what natural language can tell us about the mind. Here we propose that language offers a unique window into human cognition. After briefly summarizing the legacy of language analyses in psychological science, we show how methodological advances have made these analyses more feasible and insightful than ever before. In particular, we describe how two forms of language analysis—comparative linguistics and natural language processing—are already contributing to how we understand emotion, creativity, and religion, and overcoming methodological obstacles related to statistical power and culturally diverse samples. We summarize resources for learning both of these methods, and highlight the best way to combine language analysis techniques with behavioral paradigms. Applying language analysis to large-scale and cross-cultural datasets promises to provide major breakthroughs in psychological science.
Dukungan Keluarga Bagi Remaja dalam Menghadapi Pubertas di SMP Negeri 1 Kota Bima
Authors: Ali Moh
Published: July 2020

The family as the main social unit that gives influence to the growth and development of adolescents, the family is a place for individuals to learn to socialize, the success of adolescent development is achieved through interaction with family members. Optimal adolescent development will be achieved if they are with their families. Various factors can affect the development of adolescents, one of which is support from family members. This study aims to determine the relationship between perceptions of family social support with adolescent attitudes in dealing with puberty. This research is a correlational quantitative study with cross sectional approach, data were collected using a questionnaire, respondents were taken by simple random sampling technique in grade 1 and grade 2 students in SMP Negeri 1 Kota Bima, amounting to 76 respondents. There is a correlation between perceptions of family social support with adolescent attitudes in dealing with puberty analyzed with X2 = 39,269 and p-value: 0,000. Family social support greatly influences adolescent attitudes in dealing with puberty, forms of social support can be either material or non-material support.
Accelerated Learning Programs for Out-of-School Girls: The Impact on Student Achievement and Traditional School Enrollment
Authors: Randall Jennifer , O'Donnell Francis , Botha Sandra
Published: July 2020

Within the context of post-conflict DRC, we examined the impact of the Accelerated Learning Program for out-of-school girls
POSITIONS AND STABILITY OF LIBRATION POINTS IN THE CIRCULAR RESTRICTED THREE-BODY PROBLEM WHEN THE BIGGER PRIMARY IS RADIATING AND OBLATING
Authors: Tyokyaa K. R. , Atsue Tersoo
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates the positions and stability of libration points in the framework of the circular restricted three-body problem for the systems: Luyten726-8 and HD98800. The position of the third body lie in the plane almost directly above and below the center of the oblate primary. It is found that radiations and oblateness of the primary have destabilizing effects; the presence of any one or more of the latter makes weak the stabilizing ability of the former, consequently the overall effect is that the range of stability of the libration points decreases. Considering the range of stability and instability, that is  and , the libration points are respectively stable and unstable for HD98800 and Luyten 762-8 systems. Our results show that, all the roots are real, and for each set of values, there exist at least a positive real part and hence in the Lyapunov sense, the stability of the libration points are unstable for the systems HD98800 and Luyten 762-8.
EFFECT OF STORAGE MATERIALS ON THE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon Esculentum) POWDER
Authors: OLADIPUPO RUKAYAT , Yusuf K. A. , Salawu G.
Published: July 2020

The effect of storage materials on the quality of tomato powder was studied. Fresh, firm and matured red tomatoes were washed, sorted and sliced to a uniform thickness of 5mm. The sliced tomatoes were pre-treated by dipping in 1% calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 0.2% potassium metabislphite (KMS) solution for 10 minutes at room temperature. 200g each of the sample was dried at temperatures of 600C until equilibrium moisture content was attained. The dried tomatoes were ground into powder and stored in Black polyethylene [BPE], White polyethylene [WPE], and Laminated Aluminium Foil [LAF] pouches for 6 weeks. The moisture content, crude protein, crude fibre, fat, total ash, and vitamin C of the tomato powder were determined using the method prescribed by AOAC. The carotene contents were determined by HPLC. The proximate analysis was repeated after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6weeks of storage.  There was an increase in moisture content and ash content after 6 weeks of storage while a decrease in value of protein, fat and vitamin C content occurred after the storage period. All the parameters measured were best retained by the laminated aluminium foil (LAF) compared to black polyethylene (BPE) and white polyethylene (WPE) packaging material for the entire period of the study.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MOSQUITO VECTORS OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN TALATAN-MAFARA AND TSAFE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Aliyu A. A. , Sow G. J. , Ndams I. S.
Published: July 2020

Entomological survey of mosquito vectors was carried out to determine species abundance and identify those responsible for the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Talatan-mafara and Tsafe Local Government Areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria. Houses were randomly selected for mosquito collection. Aerosol (Baygon) was sprayed in the rooms to knockdown indoor resting mosquitoes. A total of 5,230 mosquitoes comprising of 3,104 females and 2,126 males were collected and 1,182 engorged females were dissected to isolate filarial worm, Wuchereria bancrofti. The species of mosquitoes encountered include Culex quinquefasciatus (84%), Anopheles funestus (10%) and Anopheles gambiae sl. (6%). The overall infection and infectivity rates of the mosquitoes with Wuchereria bancrofti were 1.86% and 1.44% respectively. The infection/infectivity rates of Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae sl. were 1.01%/0.51%, 2.97%/2.97% and 4.54%/4.14% respectively.
DETERMINATION OF THE PROXIMATE AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF DESERT DATE KERNEL (BALANITES AEGYPTIACA LINN.) AND THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KERNEL OIL AVAILABLE IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Datti Y. , Yahya A. T. , Koki I. B. , Lado U. A. , Musbahu L. , Shuaibu M. M. , Ahmad U. U. , Adamu G. A. , Umar A. , Nura T.
Published: July 2020

The desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) is one the most important relish trees found in many African countries. In this study the proximate and mineral compositions of the desert date kernel, as well as some of the physical and chemical properties of its oil were analyzed using standard procedures. The results of the proximate composition revealed the following mean concentrations: Moisture content 3.19%;  ash content 2.89%; fat content 39.63%; crude protein content 33.75%; crude fiber content 13.06% and carbohydrate content 7.48%. And the mineral content revealed the following mean concentrations: Potassium 1.120 (mg/100g); calcium  0.390 (mg/100g); sodium 0.801 (mg/100g); magnesium 0.142 (mg/100g); iron 0.0024 (mg/100g); manganese 0.01512 (mg/100g); zinc 0.0082 (mg/100g); copper 0.00225 (mg/100g); nickel 0.00582 (mg/100g); cobalt 0.002623 (mg/100g) and chromium 0.003224 (mg/100g). While the results for the physical analysis of the kernel oil revealed the following: Color pale yellow; density g/cm3 0.910; specific gravity 0.907; refractive index 1.458 and viscosity 19.68. And on the other hand, the results for the chemical analysis of the kernel oil revealed the following: acid value 3.06 mgKOH/g; free fatty acid 1.27; peroxide value 3.71 mEq/Kg; saponification value 198 mg/KOH/g and iodine value 98.73 100/g. All the results were compared and found to be within the FAO/WHO standards. The seeds kernel of this plant was found to be high nutritional value, while its oil can be a good source of raw material for many oil-based products
FORMALIZATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC TRANSIT CROWDING INDICATORS
Authors: Ponkratov D.
Published: July 2020

Urban public transport ensures a high level of service for its users. Despite the challenges of comprehensiveness of the measurement of the level of transport service, the one of the most important unit assessment is in-vehicle crowding level. Excessive crowding level of the vehicle compartment causes passengers feeling uncomfortable during trip. Consequently, the crowding level is a factor, should be rationing.
Assessment of in-vehicle crowding level observing using different indicators which have variation in units of measurement, descriptive properties, circumstances of apply, etc. Simultaneously, it makes it harder to assess and compare conditions of public transit according to occupancy rate, via dissimilar measures of its value, as well during the observation, as well as the address the challenges of urban public transport organization. In view of the above-mentioned, formalization of the relationship between the crowding indicators in urban public transport is a pressing task that needs to be addressed. The research presents the relationship between these in-vehicle crowding level: the passengers density per sq. m of the vehicle’s floor intended for standing passengers (passenger density) The floor area of the vehicle intended for single standing passengers; load factor which is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to its capacity; load factor is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to the number of seats.
The relationship between considering indicators of occupancy rates of vehicles have been established. Its value is entirely determined via dependencies of the ratio of seats in the passenger capacity of vehicles and the passenger density at which its was found.
Further research is focused on the application of the proposed dependencies in solving the problems of rationing the public transit crowding level and assessing the influence of the occupancy rate on the passenger’s route choice decisions.
Keywords: public transit, passenger transportation, vehicle capacity, in-vehicle crowding level, load factor.
Implementing Cost-effective Co-treatment of Domestic and Food-industrial Wastewater by Novel Methods for Estimating Industrial Load
Authors: Bakos Vince , Szombathy Péter , Simon József , Jobbágy Andrea
Published: July 2020

Detection and characterization of hidden industrial inflows causing high fluctuations of the inlet load, is a challenging issue pushing plant operators for a cost-effective solution at regional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). On the other hand, carbon source of food industrial origin may have a good use at WWTPs facing otherwise inlet carbon source deficiency.In a case study of a regional domestic WWTP receiving seasonally organic carbon-rich discharge from a fruit juice factory, a new method combining on-site measurements and mathematical modelling was developed and successfully applied for estimating the quality and quantity of both industrial influent load and incoming domestic wastewater streams properly. The originally un-staged bioreactor system operated at low dissolved oxygen (low DO) concentration was unable to meet effluent nitrogen requirements with an additional constant risk of encouraging filament growth. A novel screening method based on special sampling campaigns for estimating carbon availability and C:N ratios of influent wastewater streams coming separately from the large catchment area, was developed and applied. Staging of the previously low DO basins into a flexible system containing non-aerated selectors proved to be efficient for enhancing both biological nitrogen removal and sculpturing appropriately settling biomass.
Konsepsi Kewarganegaraan dalam Perspektif Tradisi Liberal dan Republikan
Authors: Effendi Winda Roselina
Published: July 2020

Kewarganegaraan terbagi ke dalam dua tradisi besar dan ada juga yang melihatnya terbagi dalam tiga tradisi. Mereka yang melihat adanya dua tradisi membuat pengelompokan, yaitu tradisi liberal dan tradisi republikan. Sementara mereka yang membuat tiga pengelompokan pendekatan, membaginya ke dalam liberal, republican dan komunitarian. Sementara itu ada penulis yang menggunakan istilah republican sipil dan ada yang menggunakan istilah republican partisipatoris. Kajian kewarganegaraan (citizenship studies) tampak lebih menitikberatkan perhatiannya kepada persoaran hak dan kewajiban warganegara yang bertalian erat dengan posisi dan status individu sebagai anggota komunitas politik bernama negara. selain itu, status warga negara lebih banyak diwarnai oleh kedudukan hukum yang berdampak kepada persoaran priverege sebagai anggota (warganegara) sebuah Negara.
KOORDINASI DINAS PERHUBUNGAN DAN KEPOLISIAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERTIBAN BERLALU LINTAS DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Harakan Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang pelaksanaan proses koordinasi Dinas Perhubungan dan Kepolisian dalam meningkatkan ketertiban berlalu lintas Kota Makassar. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif sedangkan tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan dari hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses komunikasi dilakukan sacara langsung ketika petugas Dinas Perhubungan telah ada dilapangan proses komunikasi dilakukan dengan teknologi informasi dengan menggunakan HT yang dapat membuat komunikasi menjadi satu arah sehingga mengurangi terjadinya perdebatan. Pada indikator kompentensi partisipan menunjukkan kompetensi teknis yang dibutuhkan pada pegawai Dinas Perhubungan seperti kondisi ban kendaraan, lampu dan posisi roda, memahami tentang trayek kendaraan perkotaan sedangkan kompentensi yang dimiliki Satlantas Polrestabes yaitu pemahaman aturan hukum dan juga tata laksana penindakan. Pada indikator kesepatakan dan komitmen Dinas Perhubungan terbatasi kewenangannya hanya pada pemeriksaan teknis kondisi kendaraan tetapi untuk penindakan kepolisian yang memiliki kewenangan sehingga koordinasi penting dilakukan. Penetapan kesepakatan tentang koordinasi dilakukan pada saat ada kegiatan memerlukan keterlibatan sejumlah pihak maka akan dibuat surat secara formal dan berdasakan aturan yang berlaku. Insentif koordinasi menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan tugas yang telah dikoordinasikan apabila terjadi pelanggaran maka tidak ada sanksi khusus yang disepakati hanya pertanggungjawabannya kembali pada instansi masing-masing. Pada indikator feedback hal yang menjadi yaitu proses komunikasi persuasif yang terkadang lama sehingga waktu pelaksanaan operasi lalu lintas juga ikut bertambah.
MENGUNGKAP FENOMENA BAHASA CAMPURAN PADA BUDAYA POPULER DALAM PERSPEKTIF POSTMODERN
Authors: Susanto Teguh Tri , Atmaja Jaka , Nurdiansyah Chepi , Alam Nur
Published: July 2020

Globalisasi dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi berdampak mencairnya batas sendi-sendi kehidupan manusia dalam banyak aspek.  Salah satu aspek yang paling terdampak adalah kebudayaan. Masuknya budaya global meretas sekat-sekat budaya lokal. Dalam budaya global terjadi pencampuran aneka kebudayaan. Budaya hasil pencampuran tidak bisa lagi disamakan dengan budaya asal. Lahirnya model-model kebudayaan baru kadang-kadang mengejutkan dan sulit difahami. Salah satu unsur kebudayaan yang penting adalah bahasa. Di era tanpa batas ini marak digunakan bahasa campuran. Maraknya penggunaan bahasa campuran bisa dilihat pada budaya populer lirik lagu. Lagu bisa dimaknai sebagai bentuk media komunikasi sekaligus produk budaya. Sebagai unsur kebudayaan bahasa mampu merepresentasikan perubahan-perubahan sosial yang terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat penggunanya. Penggunaan bahasa campuran pada lirik lagu menarik untuk diteliti sebagai pintu masuk bagi  kajian lebih jauh atas dinamika sosial budaya masyarakat. Pendekatan culture studies dengan perspektif kritis posmodern menggunakan metode analisis wacana menjadi pisau bedah yang digunakan untuk mengungkap hal-hal apa yang menjadi latar, motif atau ideologi penggunaan bahasa campuran dalam lirik lagu. Dari penelitian ini bisa difahami adanya pergulatan budaya antara budaya “superior” terhadap budaya inferior. Dominasi dan hegemoni terjadi secara simbolik yang mana hal tersebut bisa jadi merupakan bahaya laten bagi harmoni dalam keragaman budaya yang ada.
Genetic differences in thermal tolerance among colonies of threatened coral Acropora cervicornis: potential for adaptation to increasing temperature
Authors: Yetsko K , Ross M , Bellantuono A , Merselis D , Rodriquez-Lanetty M , Gilg MR
Published: July 2020

Climate change is resulting in warmer temperatures that are negatively impacting corals. Understanding how much individuals within a population vary in their thermal tolerance and whether this variation is heritable is important in determining whether a species can adapt to climate change. To address this,Acropora cervicornisfragments from 20 genetically distinct colonies collected from the Coral Restoration Foundation Tavernier nursery (Florida, USA) were kept at either ambient (28 ± 1°C) or elevated (32 ± 1°C) temperatures, and mortality was monitored for 26 d. Both broad-sense (H2) and narrow-sense (h2) heritability of thermal tolerance were estimated to determine the amount of genetic variation underlying survival to elevated temperature. To understand the physiological basis of thermal tolerance, tissue from both treatments was taken 12 h after the start of the experiment to investigate gene expression at the mRNA and protein level between tolerant and susceptible colonies. Results revealed that this population has considerable total genetic variation in thermal tolerance (H2= 0.528), but low variance in relatedness among colonies prevented us from making any conclusions regardingh2. Despite high transcriptomic variability among and within colonies, 40 genes were consistently and significantly different between tolerant and susceptible colonies, and could be potential biomarkers for thermal tolerance should they be verified in a larger sample. Overall, the results suggest that this population has substantial genetic variation for traits that directly impact thermal tolerance; however, their response to projected increases in temperature will depend on more precise estimates of the additive components of this variation (h2).
MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB - WAS THAT TOO MUCH?
Authors: Phillips F.W. , Murdoch A.D.
Published: July 2020

This paper covers the medium term market opportunities for NZ lamb in the UK, West Germany and US. These three markets could be developed to accommodate consumer ready cuts from 235,000 tonnes of lamb carcasses, an increase in value of $165 m to NZ by 1990. This could mean an increase to value to NZ farmers of about $10 per head above the schedule ruling during the April/June period of 1985. To achieve this, the NZ lamb exporters, farmers, government departments and all participants in the meat industry must work together towards agreed goals. The provision of a high quality, convenient. good value food item, backed with first class customer service must be the primary objective. Keywords: Market opportunities, NZ lamb exports, UK, West Germany, USA.
ADAPTATION OF WHITE CLOVER TO MOISTURE STRESS
Authors: Woodfield D.R. , Caradus J.R.
Published: July 2020

In a series of four experiments, the w-seeding ability and shoot and root characteristics of dryland white clover populations (Trifolium repens L.), and the effect of selection for root characteristics within white clover were examined. There was little evidence that dryland populations were better at re-seeding than Huia, but dryland populations were more taprooted than populations collected from moister environments. Root morphologies of dryland populations were similar to that of Huia but were smaller leaved, although not as small leaved as Tahora. Evidence that selection for more taprooted, smaller-leaved types of white clover would be successful is also presented. Keywords: root type, drought, re-seeding, plant breeding, survival
TOWARDS IMPROVING THE ALUMINIUM TOLERANCE OF WHITE CLOVER
Authors: Caradus J.R. , Mackay A.D. , Pritchard M.W.
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to use two growth media to determine the extent of intraspecific variation for aluminium (Al).tolerance within white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Grasslands Huia). A further objective was to evaluate the sensitivity of the germinating and establishing seedling to Al. Addition of Al (500 mg kg-1 of soil) as Ah(SO,), to the Wainui silt loam (Typic Dystrochrept) which caused severe reductions in shoot growth of 30 d seedlings, only slightly reduced the germination or establishment of the seedling. This is an important finding as little would be gained from improving, by selection, Al tolerance in white clover if the plant was unable to germinate and establish in such unfavourable conditions. Sufficient intraspecific variation in Al tolerance exists within white clover to select for a superior Al-tolerant cultivar. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens, aluminium tolerance, soil culture, solution culture.
TRADING PROFITABILITY IN BULL BEEF: SKILL OR LUCK
Authors: Guy M.J.
Published: July 2020

I'm actively farming in the Koputaroa District north of Levin, on soil types consisting of loam, silt loam, peat and sand flats, broken by ridges, on 460 hectares in five separate blocks, all freehold. As well, 120 hectares in two blocks are leased nearby. Due to neighbouring farm purchases in the past 12 years, decisions affecting stock sales and purchases have sometimes been made to accommodate financial arrangements. Approximately 1,800 bulls are farmed, with approximately 1,200 killed per year usually as 2 or 2 1/2 year olds. 400 cows are milked in one herd as well, with most calves reared as replacements for either the dairy or beef operation. Two married men, living on the farms, handle the cows and help with dehorning and some drenching, if required. Hay feeding, if necessary, is also shared if large quantities are fed during floods or wet spells. I tend to run the bulls myself although some casual labour is available if required. Most of the effort, from the three of us, is concentrated on stock work. New fencing, draining, thistle spraying and top dressing are contracted.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTARY HAY FED TO NON-LACTATING COWS OFFERED TWO ALLOWANCES OF PASTURE
Authors: Wills G.A. , Holmes C.W.
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of giving hay as a supplement to cows grazing at two different daily herbage allowances. Pregnant, non-lactating Friesian cows were allocated to four treatments: low herbage allowance with hay (LA+) or wthout hay (LA); and high allowance with hay (HA+) 01 without hay (HA). Hay was fed at 5 kg DM/cow daily, and the two herbage allowances were 9 or 14 kg DM/cow daily. Supplementing with hay increased total dry matter (DM) intake, but decreased herbage DM intake at both allowances. The decreases in herbage intake were 0.26 and 0.40 kg herbage OM eaten per kg hay DM eaten, at the lower and higher allowances respectively. The corresponding values, expressed as MJ metabolisable energy (ME), were decreases of 0.44 and 0.65 MJME from herbage per MJME eaten as hay. The decreases in herbage intake resulted in increases in residual herbage yield at both allowances. The implications of these results for grazing management during the winter are brlefly discussed. Keywords: supplementary feeding, hay, substitution rate, condition score, dairy cattle.
SIMULATED SOIL PROFILES AS A PLANT SCREENING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Wedderburn M.E. , Pengelly W.J. , Tucker M.A.
Published: July 2020

A novel, simple technique for screening plants using simulated hill soil protiles is described. Three large bins were constructed and a soil profile built up in each using layers of hill subsoil and topsoil compacted to field bulk density. 2100 ryegrass plants were transplanted at 5 cm spacing in each ot the three bins. This technique has enabled controlled manipulation of soil fertility, development of simulated pure ward conditions and identification of individual plants. It has been used successfully to screen the hill ryegrass collection held at Whatawhata Research Centre for response to nitrogen and drought. Keywords: hill soils, ryegrass. nitrogen, drought, plant screening, soil profiles
Agro-energy efficiency of growing intermediate wheatgrass, elongated wheatgrass and yellow alfalfa on downed forage lands in the dry-steppe zone
Authors: Grebennikov Vadim
Published: July 2020

The justification of agro-energy efficiency of growing new high-yielding drought-resistant varieties and types of perennial grasses, such as intermediate Wheatgrass, elongated Wheatgrass and yellow alfalfa, which provide a positive effect of interaction of legume-cereal grass mixtures and single-species crops that are resistant to abiotic factors while improving hayfields and pastures of the arid zone, is presented. All studied grass mixtures and single-species crops of yellow alfalfa had a high annual yield of gross (21.7–48.7 GJ/ha) and exchange energy (13.5–32.1 GJ/ha) and provided the production of full-fledged feed.
O ESPORTE COMO FERRAMENTA DIDÁTICO-PEDAGÓGICA NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Authors: Magalhães Sérgio , Tuane de Oliveira Bianca , Júnio da Silva Quenupe Vitor , Araújo de Souza José , Faustino Ferreira Jackson
Published: July 2020

Nos últimos anos, o Esporte como conteúdo da disciplina de Educação Física Escolar sofreu diversas influências e, a partir da publicação da carta da UNESCO, estabeleceram–se novos rumos para o seu direcionamento. Trata-se do conteúdo mais difundido nas aulas de Educação Física e o que mais atrai o interesse dos alunos. Deste modo, requer que, a sua abordagem na escola contemple uma didática igualmente pedagógica e crítica. Assim, este trabalho apresenta diversas possibilidades e aportes nos quais, esse conteúdo possa ser trabalhado nas aulas de Educação Física, visando os aspectos críticos, emancipatórios, sociais, culturais e educacionais dos alunos, que são indivíduos em constante formação e desenvolvimento.
Current Status of Needles in the Optimization of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Procedures
Authors: Fujita Akashi , Ryozawa Shomei , Tanisaka Yuki , Ogawa Tomoya , Suzuki Masahiro , Noguchi Tatsuya , Katsuda Hiromune , Mizuide Masafumi
Published: July 2020

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is among the most important tools for the evaluation of gastrointestinal tumors and affected areas around the gastrointestinal tract. It enables the acquisition of material from abnormal lesions via the gastrointestinal wall for tissue confirmation via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). EUS-FNA has played a vital role in oncological care and has become the standard method for tissue sampling. The choice of needle type is an important factor determining tissue acquisition and has been evaluated by many researchers. New needles are introduced into the market almost every year, and opinions vary regarding proper needle selection. While there are diverse opinions but no definitive recommendations about the use of one particular device, fine-needle biopsy needles may provide detailed information on a tissue’s architecture based on greater sample yields. This permits additional analyses, including genetic sequencing and phenotyping, thereby enabling the provision of more personalized treatment plans. Furthermore, other EUS-guided procedures have been developed, including interventional EUS and through-the-needle devices. Given the continued attempts to improve the diagnostic ability and therapeutic techniques, we review in detail the available types of puncture needles to provide guidance on the selection of the appropriate needle types.
Deep Learning Could Diagnose Diabetic Nephropathy with Renal Pathological Immunofluorescent Images
Authors: Kitamura Shinji , Takahashi Kensaku , Sang Yizhen , Fukushima Kazuhiko , Tsuji Kenji , Wada Jun
Published: July 2020

Artificial Intelligence (AI) imaging diagnosis is developing, making enormous steps forward in medical fields. Regarding diabetic nephropathy (DN), medical doctors diagnose them with clinical course, clinical laboratory data and renal pathology, mainly evaluate with light microscopy images rather than immunofluorescent images because there are no characteristic findings in immunofluorescent images for DN diagnosis. Here, we examined the possibility of whether AI could diagnose DN from immunofluorescent images. We collected renal immunofluorescent images from 885 renal biopsy patients in our hospital, and we created a dataset that contains six types of immunofluorescent images of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C1q and Fibrinogen for each patient. Using the dataset, 39 programs worked without errors (Area under the curve (AUC): 0.93). Five programs diagnosed DN completely with immunofluorescent images (AUC: 1.00). By analyzing with Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (Lime), the AI focused on the peripheral lesion of DN glomeruli. On the other hand, the nephrologist diagnostic ratio (AUC: 0.75833) was slightly inferior to AI diagnosis. These findings suggest that DN could be diagnosed only by immunofluorescent images by deep learning. AI could diagnose DN and identify classified unknown parts with the immunofluorescent images that nephrologists usually do not use for DN diagnosis.
Association of Built Environment with Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Men and Women Living inside the City Wall of Xi’an, China
Authors: Sun Yuliang , He Chunzhen , Zhang Xinxin , Zhu Wenfei
Published: July 2020

This study was to investigate the association of built environment (BE) with physical activity (PA) and physical fitness of residents inside the city wall of Xi’an, one of the most historic cities in China. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 728 adults in this area. BE and PA were measured by Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, blood pressure (BP), lung capacity, curl up, sit and reach, reaction time, balance, and grip strength were also measured. The results showed, for men, aesthetics was positively associated with total and leisure-time PA, and curl-up tests, respectively. Walking/cycling facilities were positively associated with leisure-time PA. Street connectivity was negatively associated with leisure-time PA and BMI. Residential density was positively correlated with BMI. Access to service was positively associated with lung capacity. Crime safety was negatively correlated with reaction time. For women, residential density was negatively associated with transportation PA and BP. Street connectivity was positively associated with curl-up test. The results suggest some BE attributes are positively related to PA and physical fitness in this population. Creating more PA-supportive BEs is recommended in this historic area along with urban conservation.
Analysis on the Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Air Pollution and Its Impact on Human Health under the Noticeable Variation of Residents’ Travel Behavior: A Case of Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Zou Chao , Wang Luqi
Published: July 2020

During the large-scale outbreak of COVID-19 in China, the Chinese government adopted multiple measures to prevent the epidemic. The consequence was that a sudden variation in residents’ travel behavior took place. In order to better evaluate the temporal distribution of air pollution, and to effectively explore the influence of human activities on air quality, especially under the special situation, this study was conducted based on the real data from a case city in China from this new perspective. Two case scenarios were constructed, in which the research before the changes of residents’ travel behavior was taken as case one, and the research after the changes in residents’ travel behavior as case two. The hourly real-time concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 that have passed the augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test were employed as a data source. A series of detailed studies have been carried out using the correlation method, entropy weight method and the Air Quality Index (AQI) calculation method. Additionally, the research found that the decrease rate of NO2 concentration is 61.05%, and the decrease rate of PM10 concentration is 53.68%. On the contrary, the average concentration of O3 has increased significantly, and its growth rate has reached to 9.82%. Although the air quality in the first week with fewer travels was in the excellent category, and chief pollutant (CP), as well as excessive pollutant (EP), were not found, as traffic volume increased, it became worse in the second and third weeks. In addition to that, special attention should still be paid to the development trend of O3, as its average hourly concentration has increased. The findings of this study will have some guiding significance for the study of air pollution prevention, cleaner production, and indoor environmental safety issues, especially for the study of abnormal traffic environments where residents’ travel behaviors have changed significantly.