bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reply to: Comment on: The underappreciated success of home‐based primary care: Next steps for CMS' Independence at Home
Authors: Ornstein Katherine , Levine David M. , Leff Bruce
Published: January 2022

This letter comments on the letter by Laura Kimmey.
Advancing qualitative health research approaches in applied nutrition research
Authors: Moisey Lesley L. , A. Campbell Karen , Whitmore Carly , Jack Susan M.
Published: January 2022

Applied health research methods are evolving to meet the demands of increasingly complex health research needs. Qualitative health research, focused on individual perspectives of health, wellness, illness and recovery, has emerged as a unique discipline of this field. With distinct foci, methods and rules, qualitative health research has the potential to answer applied health research questions to inform practice, education and policy. Despite this potential, there are challenges to the application of qualitative health research methods in nutrition and dietetics research. These include limited training and mentorship availability for the rigorous application of these methods, as well as misaligned goals between the traditional social science‐based qualitative approaches and emerging applied nutrition science needs. Recognising these limitations, this review aims to provide guidance to the nutrition scientist conducting applied qualitative health research. Using nutrition and dietetic examples from the literature, this review defines qualitative health research and advances the Emphasis‐Purposeful sample‐Phenomenon of interest‐Context (EPPiC) framework as a tool for constructing structured overarching research questions and introduces four qualitative health research designs (qualitative description, interpretive description, case study and focused ethnography) relevant to applied nutrition science. This includes guidance on defining the sample, identifying strategies for data collection, analytic techniques and data reporting.
Bottom‐up estimation of material stocks and flows in Toronto's road network
Authors: Kloostra Bradley , Makarchuk Benjamin , Saxe Shoshanna
Published: January 2022

Improving resource efficiency is critical to reduce the environmental impacts of constructing and maintaining the built environment. A growing body of research has been investigating where and for what purposes construction materials are consumed in cities. Much of this existing research relies on archetypes to simplify the analysis of the large number of structures, and city‐scale bottom‐up material stock assessments mostly examine buildings to the exclusion of other urban structures. In this research we examine the effectiveness of pavement archetypes compared to spatially disaggregate pavement material data from a municipal pavement management database for stock estimation and find that the use of archetypes can lead to asymmetric estimation errors (i.e., variability in prediction error among materials and across the city's geography). We use Toronto's road network as a case study and estimate the stocks of concrete, asphalt, and granular materials. The stock of materials is unevenly distributed, in terms of both material type (uneven distribution of concrete vs. asphalt) and when normalized by area and population. In general, the use of archetypes tends to obscure spatial variability in material use, even across a relatively limited geographical area like Toronto and relatively consistent product like roads. We argue that the uncertainty inherent in the use of archetypes is significant and should be accounted for in bottom‐up urban material flow analysis, that governments are in a unique position to provide high quality data for study, and that efforts should be made to capture, collate, and share this information more widely.
Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of intradermal administration of QR678 Neo®hair growth factor formulation: A phase‐IV, open‐label, single‐arm multi‐ethnicity clinical trial
Authors: Clinic Aayna , Asper Annette , Mittal Apoorva , Shome Debraj , Parbhoo Deepa , Thanzama James , Doshi Komal , Sachde Neha , Gaunkar Ridhima , Kapoor Rinky , Thakkar Rukshmani , Sion Simal , Shetty Sushant , Kumar Vaibhav , Parveen Veena , Singhal Vivek
Published: January 2022

Background

Intradermal administration of QR678 Neo®hair re‐growth factor formulation has already proven its effectiveness and safety in treating androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss.

Aim

This study aims to evaluate effectiveness and safety of hair re‐growth factor formulation at multiple centers for reduction of hair fall and regrowth of hair in androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss.

Materials and methods

An open‐label, prospective, and interventional study was carried out at multiple centers of different countries. A total of 2428 patients with androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss within the age range of 18–65 years were included in the study. Hair pull test, global photographic assessment, videomicroscopic assessment tests were performed at the beginning, after fourth and eighth sessions, and self‐assessment through questionnaire related to satisfaction and side effects was carried out at beginning and at after eight session.

Results

Hair pull test was positive in only 12% of the patients after eight sessions. Beneficial results were noted in the global assessment score (mean‐6) after fourth session and eighth session (mean‐8). Huge improvement was noted in terminal hair count, vellus hair count, and hair density after eighth sessions. Also, with self‐assessment score, a higher satisfaction score was noted. On long‐term follow‐up as well, no side effects were noted.

Conclusion

Intradermal administration of QR678 Neo®is an innovative, efficacious, and safe technique for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss.
Experimental comparative study of the effect of fractional CO2 laser combined with pulsed dye laser versus each laser alone on the treatment of hypertrophic scar of rabbit ears
Authors: Chen Hong‐Yang , Lei Ying , OuYang Hua‐Wei , Gold Michael H. , Tan Jun
Published: January 2022

Background and Objective

The use of fractional CO2 laser and pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy to treat and/or prevent scarring following burn injury is becoming more widespread with a number of studies reporting reduction in scar erythema and pruritus following treatment with lasers. The objective of this study was to directly compare the efficacy of PDL, fractional CO2, and PDL and fractional CO2 laser therapy in immature red hypertrophic scars in a standardized animal model.

Methods

Ten New Zealand big‐eared rabbits were used to make rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models. A total of 80 hypertrophic scar models were obtained and randomly divided into groups: control (Group A), Fractional CO2 laser (Group B), pulse dye laser (Group C), combined (Group D), 20 in each group. Wound sites were treated with PDL, Fractional CO2 laser, or both at 28 days post‐grafting. Grafts receiving no laser therapy served as controls. Hypertrophic scar appearance, morphology, size, and erythema were assessed, and punch biopsies were collected. At days 7 and 28, additional tissue was collected for biomechanical analyses and markers for HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical method to determine the CD31 content in the scar; Western blot to detect the expression of VEGF protein in scars. After the day 7 and 28, the scars were collected. Histomorphological change in scars was observed by hematoxylin‐eosin staining, Masson staining. The expression of CD31, VEGF protein, and the cell apoptosis rate was detected by immunohistochemical method.

Results

(i) In morphological observation, HE staining and Masson staining, both the number of fibroblasts and amount of collagen fibrils in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared with those in control group. (ii) Micro‐vessel Density (MVD) value can be found much smaller in the experimental groups than the control (p < 0.05). Among the four experimental groups, there was a significant difference among 14d, 21d, and 28d groups (p < 0.05). (iii) On days 7 and 28 after treatment, expression of VEGF could be regulated in experimental group (p < 0.05). Among the three experimental groups, the decrease of VEGF in the combined group was significantly stronger than that of the other two.

Conclusion

The effect of Fractional CO2 laser combined with pulsed dye laser treatment was shown to be better than that of Fractional CO2 laser or pulsed dye laser alone and inhibits the early hypertrophic scar in rabbit ears.
Application and mechanism of probiotics in skin care: A review
Authors: Yu Jinyan , Ma Xumin , Wang Xiaoyu , Cui Xuetao , Ding Kai , Wang Shiyuan , Han Chunchao
Published: January 2022

Background

Skin problems have been the focus of attention in recent years. Skin aging, wrinkles, pigmentation, dryness has been a problem that makes people feel troubled. Researchers have been devoted to find ways to solve these skin problems. Micro‐ecological skin care is a popular concept these days, and improving skin health through the use of probiotics is a hot topic of discussion.

Objective

Many experimental studies have shown that probiotics have a good effect on improving skin problems. This paper aims to comprehensively review the application and mechanism of probiotics in skin care and provide theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in skin care.

Methods

Literatures in this review were searched in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, and Science Direct.

Results

Probiotics have potent effects on skin whitening, moisturizing, anti‐aging, anti‐wrinkle and removing body odor.

Conclusions

The effects of probiotics on skin whitening, skin moisturizing, anti‐aging, improving skin wrinkles and removing body odor were reviewed, which provided a new basis for the extensive application of probiotics in skin care.
Characteristics and risk factors of nasal mucosal pressure injury in intensive care units
Authors: Nan Ruiling , Su Yujie , Pei Juhong , Chen Haixia , He Li , Dou Xinman , Nan Shuling
Published: January 2022

Aims and Objectives

This study aimed to understand the risk factors that contribute to medical device‐related (MDR) nasal mucosal membrane pressure injuries (MM PI) in ICU patients.

Background

ICU patients require substantial tube‐based life support such as oxygen tubes, tracheal intubation and indwelling gastric tubes. As a result, there is an increased risk of PI occurrence; however, few studies have assessed the risk factors associated with nasal mucosal MDR‐MMPI in ICU patients.

Design

A cross‐sectional study design was performed.

Methods

From January 2019 to June 2020, data from 912 patients treated in the ICU of a tertiary first‐class a hospital in China were collected. The occurrence of PI of the nasal mucosa was obtained by nasopharyngoscope when replacing the nasal catheter fixation patch every day. The study methods were followed by the STROBE guidelines.

Results

The incidence of nasal mucosal MDR‐MM PI was 10.9%. The degree of nasal mucosal MM PI was mainly grade 1 (62cases, 62.6%), and no grade 4 were observed. The columella (58 cases, 58.6%) was the most common site of nasal mucosal MM PI followed by the anterior septum (18 cases, 18.2%). A high patient APACHE‐Ⅱ score, the disturbance of consciousness, a history of diabetes, days of gastric tube indwelling, hypoproteinemia, fever (T > 37.5℃) and the use of vasoconstrictors were identified as significant influencing factors of nasal MM PI in ICU patients (p < .05).

Conclusions

A high APACHE‐Ⅱ score, disturbance of consciousness, history of diabetes, days of gastric tube indwelling, hypoproteinemia, fever (T > 37.5℃) and use of vasoconstrictive drugs were risk factors for nasal mucosal MDR‐MM PI in ICU patients. This study informs on the risk factors of nasal mucosal MM PI that will allow medical support staff to carry out key interventional measures to prevent nasal mucosal MM PI.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study illustrates the characteristics and risk factors of nasal mucosal pressure injury in intensive care units, potentially contributing to the prevention of the incidence of nasal mucosal MDR‐PI in ICU patients.
How do three components of professional commitment influence nurse‐reported patient‐centred care and care quality?
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Ling , Lee I‐Chen , Wong May‐Kuen , Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus , Ho Lun‐Hui , Lin Jia‐Yang , Liao Gen‐Yih , Teng Ching‐I
Published: January 2022

Aims and Objectives

To test how the three components of professional commitment (i.e. affective, continuance and normative professional commitment) are associated with nurse‐reported patient‐centred care and care quality.

Background

Patient‐centred care and care quality are the two critical care outcomes. However, no study has yet examined how the three components of professional commitment are related to nurse‐reported patient‐centred care and care quality, showing a research gap.

Design

This study adopted a two‐wave design (first wave in 2017 and second wave in 2019), which is known to reduce the possibility of reverse causality, and which was conducted in a large hospital in Northern Taiwan.

Methods

Proportionate random sampling was used. Full‐time nurses were surveyed, while nursing students, interns, nurse practitioners and nursing supervisors were excluded. The first wave included 524 nurses, and 438 nurses were retained in the second wave. We used confirmatory factor analysis to verify the psychometric properties of the measures. Structural equation modelling was used to implement hypothesis testing. We used the Professional Commitment Scale of Meyer et al. (Journal of Applied Psychology, 1993, 78, 538), the Patient‐Centered Care Scale of Laird‐Fick et al. (Patient Education and Counseling, 2011, 84, 90) and the Care Quality Perceptions Scale of Teng et al. (Journal of Nursing Management, 2010, 18, 275). The STROBE statement was chosen as the EQUATOR checklist.

Results

Affective professional commitment was positively associated with nurse‐reported patient‐centred care (β = .18, p = .002 and .01), which was positively associated with nurse‐reported care quality (β = .85, p < .001). Affective and normative professional commitment were also positively associated with nurse‐reported care quality (β = .17, p < .001).

Conclusions

Our findings offer insights for nursing managers that nurses’ affective and normative professional commitment could help upgrade care outcomes. Hospital managers should consider professional commitment as relevant to their workforce.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nursing managers could publicise reports documenting nurses’ significant contributions to public health. This could strengthen affective professional commitment among nurses.
Dynamic susceptibility contrast and diffusion‐weighted MRI in posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma
Authors: Kurokawa Ryo , Umemura Yoshie , Capizzano Aristides , Kurokawa Mariko , Baba Akira , Holmes Adam , Kim John , Ota Yoshiaki , Srinivasan Ashok , Moritani Toshio
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose

The utility of perfusion MRI in distinguishing between pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and medulloblastoma (MB) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between PA and MB.

Methods

Between January 2012 and August 2021, 49 (median, 7 years [range, 1‐28 years]; 28 females) and 35 (median, 8 years [1‐24 years]; 12 females) patients with pathologically confirmed PA and MB, respectively, were included. The normalized relative cerebral blood volume and flow (nrCBV and nrCBF) and mean and minimal normalized ADC (nADCmean and nADCmin) values were calculated using volume‐of‐interest analyses. Diagnostic performance and Pearson's correlation with progression‐free survival were also evaluated.

Results

The MB group showed a significantly higher nrCBV and nrCBF (nrCBV: 1.69 [0.93‐4.23] vs. 0.95 [range, 0.37‐2.28], p = .0032; nrCBF: 1.62 [0.93‐3.16] vs. 1.07 [0.46‐2.26], p = .0084) and significantly lower nADCmean and nADCmin (nADCmean: 0.97 [0.70‐1.68] vs. 2.21 [1.44‐2.80], p < .001; nADCmin: 0.50 [0.19‐0.89] vs. 1.42 [0.89‐2.20], p < .001) than the PA group. All parameters exhibited good diagnostic ability (accuracy >0.80) with nADCmin achieving the highest score (accuracy = 1). A moderate correlation was found between nADCmean and progression‐free survival for MB (r = 0.44, p = .0084).

Conclusions

DSC‐MRI parameters and ADC values were useful for distinguishing between PA and MB. A lower ADC indicated an unfavorable MB prognosis, but the DSC‐MRI parameters did not correlate with progression‐free survival in either group.
Increased prevalence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia during social distancing
Authors: Mokha Sonam , Heintz Chana , Agrawal Vikash , Reynolds Anne Marie , Berkelhamer Sara K
Published: January 2022

Aim

Social distancing guidelines implemented with the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted health‐care utilisation and disrupted critical social supports. Resurgence of highly transmissible strains has resulted in revisiting restrictions with potential impacts on newborn health. With concerns for inadequate post‐partum support, we sought to determine if social distancing correlated with increased rates of readmission for hyperbilirubinaemia.

Methods

Retrospective chart review identified all readmissions for hyperbilirubinaemia between 1/18 and 4/20 in Western New York. Infant/maternal demographics and data on hospital course were collected on control (1/1/18–31/1/20) and social distancing (1/2/20‐30/4/20) cohorts. Nineteen outpatient clinics were surveyed regarding lactation support.

Results

Monthly readmissions for hyperbilirubinaemia nearly tripled during social distancing (0.90 ± 0.91 vs. 2.63 ± 2.29 per 1000 births during early COVID, P = 0.015). Comparable severity of disease at readmission was observed with no difference in the need for therapies (phototherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin or exchange transfusion) or length of hospital stay. Mothers were younger (25.8 ± 3.3 vs. 31.3 ± 4.7 years; P = 0.005) with higher rates of primiparity and exclusive breastfeeding than national norms, however not significantly higher than controls in our small cohort (62.5 vs. 37.0% for primiparity; 87.5 vs. 81.5% for breastfeeding). Of 19 clinics surveyed, only six confirmed a telemedicine option for lactation support.

Conclusions

Rates of readmission for hyperbilirubinaemia increased during social distancing. Younger maternal age with high rates of primiparity and exclusive breastfeeding raise concern for inadequate social and/or lactation support. Proactive identification of mothers at risk and expansion of remote lactation services may be indicated with recurrent waves of the pandemic.
What Aspects of Religiosity are Associated with Values?
Authors: Schwadel Philip , Hardy Sam A.
Published: January 2022

A large body of research shows that religiosity in general is associated with values. Yet, we know little about the specific aspects of religiosity that drive this association. Using nationally representative data from a sample of young adults in the United States, we examined how various aspects of religiosity—religious tradition, service attendance, frequency of prayer, religious salience, belief in God, closeness to God, and number of religious friends—are associated with the 10 values comprising Schwartz's circle of values. Bivariate results indicate that most measures of religiosity are correlated with Schwartz's circle of values. Multivariate regression results, however, show that the relationship between religiosity and values is largely due to the positive associations between closeness to God and social focus values, the positive associations between number of religious friends and social focus values, and the negative associations between religious service attendance and personal focus values. We conclude by discussing why these aspects of religiosity appear to be most relevant to Schwartz's circle of values and by suggesting directions for future research on religiosity and values.
Artificial size selection experiment reveals telomere length dynamics and fitness consequences in a wild passerine
Authors: Pepke Michael Le , Kvalnes Thomas , Rønning Bernt , Jensen Henrik , Boner Winnie , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Monaghan Pat , Ringsby Thor Harald
Published: January 2022

Telomere dynamics could underlie life‐history trade‐offs among growth, size and longevity, but our ability to quantify such processes in natural, unmanipulated populations is limited. We investigated how 4 years of artificial selection for either larger or smaller tarsus length, a proxy for body size, affected early‐life telomere length (TL) and several components of fitness in two insular populations of wild house sparrows over a study period of 11 years. The artificial selection was expected to shift the populations away from their optimal body size and increase the phenotypic variance in body size. Artificial selection for larger individuals caused TL to decrease, but there was little evidence that TL increased when selecting for smaller individuals. There was a negative correlation between nestling TL and tarsus length under both selection regimes. Males had longer telomeres than females and there was a negative effect of harsh weather on TL. We then investigated whether changes in TL might underpin fitness effects due to the deviation from the optimal body size. Mortality analyses indicated disruptive selection on TL because both short and long early‐life telomeres tended to be associated with the lowest mortality rates. In addition, there was a tendency for a negative association between TL and annual reproductive success, but only in the population where body size was increased experimentally. Our results suggest that natural selection for optimal body size in the wild may be associated with changes in TL during growth, which is known to be linked to longevity in some bird species.
Genomes shed light on the evolution of Begonia, a mega‐diverse genus
Authors: Li Lingfei , Chen Xiaoli , Fang Dongming , Dong Shanshan , Guo Xing , Li Na , Campos‐Dominguez Lucia , Wang Wenguang , Liu Yang , Lang Xiaoan , Peng Yang , Tian Daike , Thomas Daniel C. , Mu Weixue , Liu Min , Wu Chenyu , Yang Ting , Zhang Suzhou , Yang Leilei , Yang Jianfen , Liu Zhong‐Jian , Zhang Liangsheng , Zhang Xingtan , Chen Fei , Jiao Yuannian , Guo Yalong , Hughes Mark , Wang Wei , Liu Xiaofei , Zhong Chunmei , Li Airong , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Yang Huanming , Wu Ernest , Sharbrough Joel , Lisby Michael , Liu Xin , Xu Xun , Soltis Douglas E. , Van de Peer Yves , Kidner Catherine , Zhang Shouzhou , Liu Huan
Published: January 2022

Clarifying the evolutionary processes underlying species diversification and adaptation is a key focus of evolutionary biology. Begonia (Begoniaceae) is one of the most species‐rich angiosperm genera with c. 2000 species, most of which are shade‐adapted.

Here, we present chromosome‐scale genome assemblies for four species of Begonia (B. loranthoides, B. masoniana, B. darthvaderiana and B. peltatifolia), and whole genome shotgun data for an additional 74 Begonia representatives to investigate lineage evolution and shade adaptation of the genus.

The four genome assemblies range in size from 331.75 Mb (B. peltatifolia) to 799.83 Mb (B. masoniana), and harbor 22 059–23 444 protein‐coding genes. Synteny analysis revealed a lineage‐specific whole‐genome duplication (WGD) that occurred just before the diversification of Begonia. Functional enrichment of gene families retained after WGD highlights the significance of modified carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthesis possibly linked to shade adaptation in the genus, which is further supported by expansions of gene families involved in light perception and harvesting. Phylogenomic reconstructions and genomics studies indicate that genomic introgression has also played a role in the evolution of Begonia.

Overall, this study provides valuable genomic resources for Begonia and suggests potential drivers underlying the diversity and adaptive evolution of this mega‐diverse clade.
Electronic cigarette use enriches periodontal pathogens
Authors: Xu Fangxi , Pushalkar Smruti , Lin Ziyan , Thomas Scott C. , Persaud Julia Kishanie , Sierra Maria A , Vardhan Mridula , Vasconcelos Rebeca , Akapo Adenike , Guo Yuqi , Gordon Terry , Corby Patricia M , Kamer Angela R. , Li Xin , Saxena Deepak
Published: January 2022

The effect of electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) smoking, especially its long‐term impact on oral health, is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a longitudinal clinical study with two study visits, 6 months apart, to investigate the effect of e‐cigarette use on the bacterial community structure in the saliva of 101 periodontitis patients. Our data demonstrated that e‐cigarette use altered the oral microbiome in periodontitis patients, enriching members of the Filifactor, Treponema, and Fusobacterium taxa. For patients at the same periodontal disease stage, cigarette smokers and e‐cigarette smokers shared more similarities in their oral bacterial composition. E‐cigarette smoking may have a similar potential as cigarette smoking at altering the bacterial composition of saliva over time, leading to an increase in the relative abundance of periodontal disease‐associated pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The correlation analysis showed that certain genera, such as Dialister, Selenomonas, and Leptotrichia in the e‐cigarette smoking group, were positively correlated with the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. E‐cigarette use was also associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, which contribute to oral microbiome dysbiosis and advanced disease state.
Intra‐carina reentrant atrial tachycardia after pulmonary vein isolation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nakamura Kohki , Sasaki Takehito , Sasaki Wataru , Haraguchi Yumiko , Kimura Koki , Naito Shigeto
Published: January 2022

A 77‐year‐old man underwent catheter ablation of an atrial tachycardia (AT) after a pulmonary vein (PV) isolation of atrial fibrillation. The AT appeared to be a figure‐of‐eight reentrant AT by high‐resolution mapping: one reentrant circuit rotated clockwise within the right PV (RPV) carina and the other rotated counterclockwise via two conduction gaps along the previous RPV isolation line. However, entrainment pacing from the carina and conduction gaps suggested that the AT was an intra‐carina localized reentrant AT with a passive loop around the anterior RPV isolation line via those gaps. A radiofrequency application at the RPV carina terminated the AT.
Trade liberalization and firm toxic emissions
Authors: Kong Dongmin , Ma Guangyuan , Qin Ni
Published: January 2022

We investigate the effects of trade liberalization on firm‐level toxic emissions. Using China's World Trade Organization (WTO) accession as an exogenous shock, we further introduce government administrative data of firm toxic emissions to conduct a difference‐in‐differences estimation. We show that trade liberalization significantly reduces firm toxic emissions. Our results are robust to alternative measures and different specifications. Endogeneity tests based on different empirical designs or omitted variables further validate our main findings. China's WTO accession primarily affected pollution emissions through the scale of production, export opportunities, technology upgrading, intermediate inputs, and within‐firm responses mechanisms.
Transition to adult dental care from a pediatric hospital dental home for patients with special health care needs
Authors: Mikkelson Audrey , Sheller Barbara , Williams Bryan J. , Churchill Shervin S. , Friedman Clive
Published: January 2022

Aims

This study describes patients with complex Special Health Care Needs (SHCN) transitioning from a pediatric hospital clinic dental home to adult care and evaluates effectiveness of transition practices.

Methods and results

Demographics, medical/behavioral complexity, and documentation of transition processes were collected for patients graduated from the service in 2018/2019. An invitation to complete a survey assessing transition was sent to patients/guardians ≥ 14 months after the final visit. Seventy‐nine patients graduated and 94% required accommodation for SHCN: 47% medical, 42% medical + behavioral, and 5% behavioral only. Of 63 eligible patients/guardians, 29 completed surveys. While 90% of surveyed patients had established some/all adult medical care, only 41% completed a dental visit, and less than 28% established a dental home. Medical/behavioral complexity, payer, and time since graduation did not impact having a visit.

Conclusions

This study found ineffectiveness of departmental protocol for transition to adult dental homes for patients with SHCN. Developing an optimal transition process is complex and will require collaboration of all stakeholders. Introducing transition in early teen years, tracking progress at subsequent visits, assessing patient readiness, summarizing history for receiving providers, and verifying transition are elements of medical transition programs that should be included in dental transitions.
Associations between nurse managers’ leadership styles, team culture and competence planning in Norwegian municipal in‐patient acute care services: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vatnøy Torunn Kitty , Dale Bjørg , Sundlisæter Skinner Marianne , Karlsen Tor‐Ivar
Published: January 2022

Background

Increased complexity in the primary healthcare services has followed in the wake of health reforms and reveals the need for competence enhancement in the nursing services. Effective and visionary leadership, sufficiently qualified staff and cooperation among professionals are considered as key measures to safeguard quality in the services.

Aims

To identify which leadership styles characterise first‐line nurse managers in Norwegian municipal in‐patient acute care (MipAC) units and to investigate how first‐line nurse managers’ leadership styles are associated with team culture and documented nursing competence planning.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was distributed to all the first‐line nurse managers in Norwegian MipAC units (n = 229). Data were collected between March and June 2019. The response rate was 80.5% (n = 182). First‐line managers’ background information and data about their focus on team culture and competence planning were recorded. Furthermore, we noted organisational structural characteristics, and managers’ transformational (relational) leadership and transactional (task‐oriented) leadership styles.

Results

The managers exhibited a high degree of transformational leadership behaviour, which was significantly associated with team culture. No significant associations between leadership behaviours and documented competence planning were found. Notably, we found a significant correlation between transformational and transactional leadership styles, indicating that the managers adapt their leadership behaviours to actual requirements and situations. Organisational structural factors: the share of registered nurses (RNs) on the staff and having a position for a professional development nurse were positively associated with competence planning.

Conclusion

A relational leadership style promotes team culture and both factors may empower the professional nursing environment. However, first‐line nurse managers need to acknowledge nursing competence planning as a central part of effective leadership. Having a professional development nurse position seems to complement leadership and ease the manager's responsibilities regarding team culture and competence planning.
Two‐part D‐vine copula models for longitudinal insurance claim data
Authors: Yang Lu , Czado Claudia
Published: January 2022

In short‐term nonlife (e.g., car and homeowner) insurance, policies are renewed yearly. Insurance companies typically keep track of each policyholder's claims per year, resulting in longitudinal data. Efficient modeling of time dependence in longitudinal claim data will improve the prediction of future claims needed for routine actuarial practice, such as ratemaking. Insurance claim data usually follow a two‐part mixed distribution: a probability mass at zero corresponding to no claim and an otherwise positive claim from a skewed and long‐tailed distribution. This two‐part data structure leads to difficulties in applying established models for longitudinal data. In this paper, we propose a two‐part D‐vine copula model to study longitudinal mixed claim data. We build two stationary D‐vine copulas. One is used to model the time dependence in binary outcomes resulting from whether or not a claim has occurred. The other studies the dependence in the claim size given occurrence. Under the proposed model, the prediction of the probability of making claims and the quantiles of severity given occurrence is straightforward. We use our approach to investigate a dataset from the Local Government Property Insurance Fund in the state of Wisconsin.
On the sign recovery by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, thresholded least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and thresholded basis pursuit denoising
Authors: Tardivel Patrick J.C. , Bogdan Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

Basis pursuit (BP), basis pursuit deNoising (BPDN), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) are popular methods for identifying important predictors in the high‐dimensional linear regression model . By definition, when , BP uniquely recovers when and implies (identifiability condition). Furthermore, LASSO can recover the sign of only under a much stronger irrepresentability condition. Meanwhile, it is known that the model selection properties of LASSO can be improved by hard thresholding its estimates. This article supports these findings by proving that thresholded LASSO, thresholded BPDN, and thresholded BP recover the sign of in both the noisy and noiseless cases if and only if is identifiable and large enough. In particular, if X has iid Gaussian entries and the number of predictors grows linearly with the sample size, then these thresholded estimators can recover the sign of when the signal sparsity is asymptotically below the Donoho–Tanner transition curve. This is in contrast to the regular LASSO, which asymptotically, recovers the sign of only when the signal sparsity tends to 0. Numerical experiments show that the identifiability condition, unlike the irrepresentability condition, does not seem to be affected by the structure of the correlations in the X
matrix.
Estimation of graphical models for skew continuous data
Authors: Nghiem Linh H. , Hui Francis K. C. , Müller Samuel , Welsh Alan H.
Published: January 2022

We consider a new approach for estimating non‐Gaussian undirected graphical models. Specifically, we model continuous data from a class of multivariateskeweddistributions, whose conditional dependence structure depends on both a precision matrix and a shape vector. To estimate the graph, we propose a novel estimation method based on nodewise regression: we first fit a linear model, and then fit a one component projection pursuit regression model to the residuals obtained from the linear model, and finally threshold appropriate quantities. Theoretically, we establish error bounds for each nodewise regression and prove the consistency of the estimated graph when the number of variables diverges with the sample size. Simulation results demonstrate the strong finite sample performance of our new method over existing methods for estimating Gaussian and non‐Gaussian graphical models. Finally, we demonstrate an application of the proposed method on observations of physicochemical properties of wine.
Convergence of likelihood ratios and estimators for selection in nonneutral Wright–Fisher diffusions
Authors: Sant Jaromir , A. Jenkins Paul , Koskela Jere , Spanò Dario
Published: January 2022

A number of discrete time, finite population size models in genetics describing the dynamics of allele frequencies are known to converge (subject to suitable scaling) to a diffusion process termed the Wright–Fisher diffusion. This diffusion evolves on a bounded interval, such that many standard results in diffusion theory, assuming evolution on the real line, no longer apply. In this article we derive conditions to establish ‐uniform ergodicity for diffusions on bounded intervals, and use them to prove that the Wright–Fisher diffusion is uniformly in the selection and mutation parameters ergodic, and that the measures induced by the solution to the stochastic differential equation are uniformly locally asymptotically normal. We subsequently use these results to show that the maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimators for the selection parameter are uniformly over compact sets consistent, asymptotically normal, display moment convergence, and are asymptotically efficient for a suitable class of loss functions.
Let's talk about our feelings: Emotional labour of community practice in times of pandemic
Authors: Feldman Guy , Itzhaki‐Braun Yael , Frankenburg Ruth , Friedman‐Hauser Gal
Published: January 2022

From the earliest days of the Covid‐19 pandemic, which disproportionately affected marginalised communities around the world, community practice had assumed a critical role on the front lines of the social services' response to the pandemic. While scholars have devoted growing attention to community practice in normal and crisis times, little is known about the emotions of community practitioners and how they deal with them in order to do their job well. Drawing on Hochschild's concept of ‘emotional labour,’ this study examines how community social workers confronted the emotions they felt during the Covid‐19 pandemic so as to meet the requirements of their job. We address this question by drawing on in‐depth interviews with 30 community social workers in the public social services in Israel. Our research shows that community social workers experienced a wide range of interrelated negative emotions, including helplessness, frustration, disappointment, and anger. In response, workers developed four distinct coping mechanisms: emotional distancing; sharing of emotions; self‐soothing; and politization. Building on Foucault's notion of ‘technologies of the self,’ our analysis reveals that Covid‐19 produced what we call ‘pandemic subjectivity’ among human service professionals.
RNA and protein expression analysis of HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:21Q allele: A null allele renamed as HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:21N
Authors: Marin Rubio Luis Alberto , Aroca‐Aguilar Jose Daniel , Luis‐Hidalgo Mar , Escribano Julio , Ontañon Jesus
Published: January 2022

The characterization of the expression profile of HLA questionable alleles (Q) is clinically relevant in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSTC) because an aberrant expression of these alleles could lead to transplantation‐related complications. HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:21Q shows a substitution at the donor splice site of intron 3 that potentially could affect the expression of this allele. In order to determine their expression profile at RNA and protein level, we analyzed the presence of the HLA‐DQ7 molecule by complement‐dependent cytotoxicity test (CDC) and flow cytometry, and their RNA processing by cDNA analyses and sequencing by Sanger methods. Our results reveal that HLA‐DQ7 is not detectable by serological methods, this is confirmed by cDNA methods demonstrating the absence of specific HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:21Q mRNA, probably due to an intron 3 retention that creates a premature TGA stop codon, leading to mRNA degradation via nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD). These findings demonstrate that the HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:21Q allele is nonexpressed, thus it has been renamed as DQB1*03:01:01:21N.
The novel HLA‐DRB1*04:05:19 allele identified by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Lee Seung Yeob , Choi Hyun‐Jung
Published: January 2022

The HLA‐DRB1*04:05:19 allele differs from DRB1*04:05:01:01 by a synonymous nucleotide polymorphism at cDNA position 102.
Timing of partial melting and granulite formation during the genesis of high to ultra‐high temperature terranes: Insight from numerical experiments
Authors: Cenki Bénédicte , Rey Patrice F. , Arcay Diane , Giordani Julian
Published: January 2022

Long‐lived high to ultra‐high temperature (HT‐UHT) granulitic terranes formed throughout Earth's history. Yet, the detailed processes involved in their formation remain unresolved and notably the sequence of appearance and duration of migmatisation and granulites conditions in the orogenic cycle. These processes can be evaluated by analytical and numerical models. First, solving the steady‐state heat equation allows underlining the interdependency of the parameters controlling the crustal geotherm at thermal equilibrium. Second, performing two‐dimensional thermo‐mechanical experiments of an orogenic cycle, from shortening to gravitational collapse, allows to consider non‐steady‐state geotherms and understand how deformation velocity may affect the relative timing of migmatite and granulite formation. These numerical experiments with elevated radiogenic heat production and slow shortening rates allow the formation of large volumes of prograde migmatites and granulites going through the sillimanite field as observed in many HT‐UHT terranes. Finally, the interplay between these parameters can explain the difference in predicted pressure‐temperature‐time paths that can be compared with the natural rock archive.
The Louisiade ophiolite: A missing link in the western Pacific
Authors: McCarthy Anders , Magri Luca , Sauermilch Isabel , Fox Jodi , Seton Maria , Mohn Geoffroy , Tugend Julie , Feig Sandrin , Falloon Trevor , Whittaker Joanne M.
Published: January 2022

Recent dredging of a 100 km long ridge along the northernmost part of the Louisiade Plateau (LP) recovered serpentinized peridotites, MORB (mid‐ocean‐ridge basalt) and volcaniclastic breccia–conglomerates. Clinopyroxene, Cr‐spinel and bulk rocks show that the serpentinites are harzburgites to dunites, whereas hornblende phenocrysts from volcaniclastic rocks reflect hydrous, andesitic volcanism. The association of MORB, depleted mantle rocks and fingerprints of hydrous arc magmatism is typical of supra‐subduction zone ocean lithosphere formed above a nascent subduction zone. Seismic and high‐resolution bathymetry data reveal structures consistent with an extensive east–west elongated ophiolite estimated to have obducted onto the LP between 53 and 80 Ma. This represents a major eastwards continuation of the Papuan Ultramafic Belt and forms a crucial link with ophiolites farther south in New Caledonia, providing support for major subduction initiation events in marginal basins along the northern and eastern margins of Australia and Zealandia in the Palaeocene–Eocene.
Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive meningococcal disease in an 18‐year time series in Brazil and in distinct Brazilian regions
Authors: Cruz Mariana C. , Camargos Paulo , Nascimento‐Carvalho Cristiana M.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To evaluate the impact of meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine in Brazil.

Methods

Ecological study assessing all invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and meningococcal C disease (MenC) cases reported in all age groups, from 2001 to 2019. MCC was implemented in 2010. Data were collected on the DATASUS platform. Joinpoint regression was performed to assess the annual percent change (APC) of the incidence rate.

Results

Invasive meningococcal disease incidence decreased in all Brazilian regions from 2001 onwards, without apparent additional reduction attributable to MCC vaccine in the North, Northeast and South. The higher and statistically significant APC reduction in all age groups, in the North and South, and in children <5 years, in the Northeast, occurred between 2001 and 2011 (−15.4%), 2004 and 2012 (−14.4%), and 2001 and 2013 (−10.3%), respectively, before MCC vaccine implementation. Annual incidence of MenC in children under 5 years significantly fell in the North (−6.8%; 2011–2018), Southeast (−40.6%; 2010–2015) and Midwest (−48.6%; 2010–2014), which may be attributable to MCC implementation.

Conclusion

Invasive meningococcal disease and MenC behaved differently after MCC vaccine implementation in Brazil during this 18‐year time‐series analysis. This suggests that the control of IMD should be based on multiple public health care measures and considered on a regional basis.
Day and night isotope labelling reveal metabolic pathway specific regulation of protein synthesis rates in Arabidopsis
Authors: Duncan Owen , Millar A. Harvey
Published: January 2022

Plants have a diurnal separation of metabolic fluxes and a need for differential maintenance of protein machinery in the day and night. To directly assess the output of the translation process and to estimate the ATP investment involved, the individual rates of protein synthesis and degradation of hundreds of different proteins need to be measured simultaneously. We quantified protein synthesis and degradation through pulse labelling with heavy hydrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes to allow such an assessment of ATP investment in leaf proteome homeostasis on a gene‐by‐gene basis. Light‐harvesting complex proteins were synthesised and degraded much faster in the day (approximately 10:1), while carbon metabolism and vesicle trafficking components were translated at similar rates day or night. Few leaf proteins changed in abundance between the day and the night despite reduced protein synthesis rates at night, indicating that protein degradation rates are tightly coordinated. The data reveal how the pausing of photosystem synthesis and degradation at night allows the redirection of a decreased energy budget to a selective night‐time maintenance schedule.
Genome sequences of three Aegilops species of the section Sitopsis reveal phylogenetic relationships and provide resources for wheat improvement
Authors: Avni Raz , Lux Thomas , Minz‐Dub Anna , Millet Eitan , Sela Hanan , Distelfeld Assaf , Deek Jasline , Yu Guotai , Steuernagel Burkhard , Pozniak Curtis , Ens Jennifer , Gundlach Heidrun , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Himmelbach Axel , Stein Nils , Mascher Martin , Spannagl Manuel , Wulff Brande B. H. , Sharon Amir
Published: January 2022

Aegilops is a close relative of wheat (Triticum spp.), and Aegilops species in the section Sitopsis represent a rich reservoir of genetic diversity for the improvement of wheat. To understand their diversity and advance their utilization, we produced whole‐genome assemblies of Aegilops longissima and Aegilops speltoides. Whole‐genome comparative analysis, along with the recently sequenced Aegilops sharonensis genome, showed that the Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis genomes are highly similar and are most closely related to the wheat D subgenome. By contrast, the Ae. speltoides genome is more closely related to the B subgenome. Haplotype block analysis supported the idea that Ae. speltoides genome is closest to the wheat B subgenome, and highlighted variable and similar genomic regions between the three Aegilops species and wheat. Genome‐wide analysis of nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) genes revealed species‐specific and lineage‐specific NLR genes and variants, demonstrating the potential of Aegilops genomes for wheat improvement.