bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A class of natural pinus koraiensis population system with time delay and diffusion term
Authors: Feng Guo-Feng , Chen Jiaqi , Ge Bin
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we consider the long-term sustainability of the northeast Korean pine. We propose a class of natural Korean pine population system with time delay and diffusion term. First, by analyzing the roots distribution of the characteristic equation, we study the stability of the model system with diffusion terms and prove the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation. Second, we introduce lactation time delay into a population model with a diffusion term, based on stability theory of ordinary differential equation, norm form methods and center manifold theorem, the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions and the relevant formula for the direction of Hopf bifurcation are given. Finally, some numerical simulations are given.
Taking Flight with Copilot
Authors: Bird Christian , Ford Denae , Zimmermann Thomas , Forsgren Nicole , Kalliamvakou Eirini , Lowdermilk Travis , Gazit Idan
Published: January 2023

Over the next five years, AI-powered tools likely will be helping developers in many diverse tasks. For example, such models may be used to improve code review, directing reviewers to parts of a change where review is most needed or even directly providing feedback on changes. Models such as Codex may suggest fixes for defects in code, build failures, or failing tests. These models are able to write tests automatically, helping to improve code quality and downstream reliability of distributed systems. This study of Copilot shows that developers spend more time reviewing code than actually writing code. As AI-powered tools are integrated into more software development tasks, developer roles will shift so that more time is spent assessing suggestions related to the task than doing the task itself.
Exome/Genome Sequencing in Undiagnosed Syndromes
Authors: Sullivan Jennifer A. , Schoch Kelly , Spillmann Rebecca C. , Shashi Vandana
Published: January 2023

Exome sequencing (ES) and genome sequencing (GS) have radically transformed the diagnostic approach to undiagnosed rare/ultrarare Mendelian diseases. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), the technology integral for ES, GS, and most large (100+) gene panels, has enabled previously unimaginable diagnoses, changes in medical management, new treatments, and accurate reproductive risk assessments for patients, as well as new disease gene discoveries. Yet, challenges remain, as most individuals remain undiagnosed with current NGS. Improved NGS technology has resulted in long-read sequencing, which may resolve diagnoses in some patients who do not obtain a diagnosis with current short-read ES and GS, but its effectiveness is unclear, and it is expensive. Other challenges that persist include the resolution of variants of uncertain significance, the urgent need for patients with ultrarare disorders to have access to therapeutics, the need for equity in patient access to NGS-based testing, and the study of ethical concerns. However, the outlook for undiagnosed disease resolution is bright, due to continual advancements in the field.
Review—Research Progress and Prospects of Li-Air Battery in Wearable Devices
Authors: Huang Biyi , Zhang Wei , Chen Junlong , Cui Yang , Zhu Chuanhui , Yan Shubin
Published: January 2023

Li-air battery has high theoretical energy density, which is considered a powerful candidate for flexible electrical products power supply. However, there are many challenges to commercialize Li-air battery in wearable devices. For example, how to solve the problem of H2O and CO2 gas pollution and electrolyte volatilization caused by open structure. In addition, the construction of high efficiency flexible cathode, effective protection of anode materials and suppression of Li dendrites, and reasonable temperature control methods are all problems to be solved. At present, great progress has been made in the research of Li-air batteries, but there is still a lack of decisive breakthrough, which is due to the insufficient basic research. This review summarizes the research progress and challenges of flexible Li-air batteries in recent years for wearable devices, and prospects its future development direction.
Electrolyte Study for High-Nickel LiNi0.9Mn0.05Co0.05O2 Cathodes
Authors: Wang Bingning , Gim Jihyeon , Son Seoung-Bum , Shkrob Ilya A. , Abraham Daniel P. , Trask Stephen E. , Qin Yang , Kahvecioglu Ozge , Jansen Andrew N. , Liao Chen
Published: January 2023

With an increasing demand for intermittent renewable energy and electric vehicles, it is imperative to develop lithium-ion batteries with Earth-abundant cathode materials. Cobalt (Co) is preferred to be kept at a minimum because of its high cost and limited mining options, yet it has played an essential role in the high-performance transition metal oxides (TMOs). Herein, we report work from Argonne National Laboratory, conducted under the U.S. DoE’s Vehicle Technologies Office, Deep Dive consortium on Next-Generation Cathodes, to optimize electrolytes for LiNi0.9Mn0.05Co0.05O2. LiNi0.9Mn0.05Co0.05O2 is a high-Ni TMO benchmark as it outperforms most other TMOs under standard cycling conditions. In this study, we use the figure-of-merit approach to optimize electrolytes for this novel cathode material. Dual-salt carbonate electrolytes containing lithium difluorooxyphosphate and hexafluorophosphates were found to be the best for capacity retention and slowing the impedance rise. Transition metal dissolution and lithium inventory losses in the solid electrolyte interface were found to be the major causes for capacity fade.
Exercise training modifies the whole blood DNA methylation profile in middle-aged and older women
Authors: da Silva Rodrigues Guilherme , Noronha Natália Y. , Almeida Mariana L. , Sobrinho Andressa C. da S. , Watanabe Lígia M. , Pinhel Marcela A. de S. , de Lima João G. R. , Zhang Ren , Nonino Carla B. , Alves Christiano R. R. , Bueno Júnior Carlos R.
Published: January 2023

We have shown that exercise training lowers blood pressure and triglyceride levels, improves physical performance, and improves quality of life in middle-aged and elderly women. Regarding epigenetic data, we noticed that more than 800 sites are differentially methylated in whole blood after physical training. We emphasize that the differentially methylated sites in the promoter region are more hypermethylated after physical training. In addition, this study shows that key members of metabolic pathways, including AMPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, and insulin signaling, are among the genes hypermethylated after physical exercise in older women.
The Research on the Influencing Factors of Foreign Master’s and Doctoral Students’ Study Performance in China
Authors: Ren Gangyi , Ma Xiaoxu , Zuo Ye
Published: January 2023

The main purpose of this study is to find the influencing factors that affect the study performance of foreign students. Previous studies mainly focused on medical undergraduate students in China, while the research objects of this study are engineering graduate students and doctoral students. Researchers constructed a questionnaire with good validity through the literature survey method and the Delphi method. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, 123 questionnaires were collected, 11 questionnaires with problems were excluded, and 112 questionnaires were valid. Researchers analyzed the factors affecting the performance of foreign students through SPSS. The results show that the scores of Chinese skill, “psychology–ability–behavior” three-dimensional evaluation framework, and the level of teaching presence are positively correlated with the study performance of foreign students. Among them, the correlation between the scores of the three-dimensional evaluation framework and performance is the strongest, and the correlation between Chinese skill and performance is the weakest. In the three-dimensional evaluation framework, psychological factors have the greatest influence on students’ study performance. Based on the above analysis results, the researchers put forward a series of policy recommendations, such as improving teachers’ teaching level, strengthening Chinese language education for foreign students, and enhancing foreign students’ learning motivation and learning satisfaction.
Granulosis Rubra Nasi: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Assefa Girum T.
Published: January 2023

Granulosis rubra nasi is a rare autosomal dominant disease of the eccrine glands. It is clinically characterized by mid-face hyperhidrosis, most prominent at the tip of the nose, and dark erythematous papules on the nose, cheeks, chin, and upper lip. Although it commonly occurs in childhood, it can also occur in adults. This is a case report of two female granulosis rubra nasi patients. This report, to the best of my knowledge, has not before been described in Ethiopian individuals and is hence being reported due to its rarity.
Abundant Soliton Structures to the (
2
+
1
)-Dimensional Heisenberg Ferromagnetic Spin Chain Dynamical Model
Authors: Wang Kang-Jia , Shi Feng , Wang Guo-Dong
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we aim to investigate the (

2
+
1

)-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation that is used to describe the nonlinear dynamics of magnets. Two recent effective technologies, namely, the variational method and subequation method, are employed to construct the abundant soliton solutions. By these two methods, diverse solutions such as the bright soliton, dark soliton, bright-dark soliton, perfect periodic soliton, and singular periodic soliton are successfully extracted. The numerical results are illustrated in the form of 3-D plots and 2-D curves by choosing proper parametric values to interpret the dynamics of wave profiles. Finally, the physical interpretation of the acquired results is elaborated in detail. The results obtained in this study are helpful to explain some physical meanings of some nonlinear physical models in electromagnetic waves.
Study on Local Brittleness of Rock Based on Multiple Linear Regression Method: Case Study of Shahejie Formation
Authors: Cai Meng , Wang Yang , Zhao Wanchun , Shi Xiaodong , Li Teng
Published: January 2023

Rock brittleness index is an important parameter that affects the volume fracturing effect of an unconventional reservoir. The higher the brittleness index, the larger the communication area of fracture network formed under volume fracturing. However, rock brittleness has strong heterogeneity, which seriously affects the propagation of volume fracture network. Most existing rock brittleness characterization methods start from macro brittleness and cannot analyze the influence of heterogeneity on reservoir brittleness. The mineral composition analysis method can characterize the heterogeneity of a reservoir by analyzing the influence of mineral composition on brittleness, but this is limited to qualitative analysis on different minerals, resulting in large errors. In this study, the relationship between macro mechanical properties and micro mineral composition of rocks was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and a large number of experimental core parameters on the Shahejie Formation to understand the quantitative characterization of rock brittleness distribution in a heterogeneous reservoir. The results showed that quartz, plagioclase, analcite, siderite, and pyrite were high brittle minerals while clay minerals were low brittle minerals. This method provides a new focus for the analysis of brittle distribution of heterogeneous reservoirs and an additional method to study rock fracture law.
To Investigate the Clinical Efficacy and Potential Mechanism of Tongxinluo Capsules in Preventing Coronary Restenosis Based on Meta‐Analysis and Network Pharmacology Analysis
Authors: Wei Wen-Xin , Jiang Yi-Hao
Published: January 2023

Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Tongxinluo capsules in preventing coronary restenosis based on meta‐analysis and network pharmacology research methods and to preliminarily explore its intervention mechanism. Methods. First, through meta‐analysis, we comprehensively searched databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to find out the randomized controlled trials of Tongxinluo capsules in the treatment of coronary restenosis until February, 2022. According to the Cochrane Library, risk bias assessment tools were used to evaluate the included literature and Review Manager 5.2 software was used to conduct statistical analysis of the included studies. Then, based on network pharmacology, through TCMSP database and BATMAN‐TCM database screening, the chemical components of Tongxinluo capsules and their related effects, symptom, and common targets were analyzed. String net was used to construct protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network, and R3.6.1 software was used to carry out GO biological process enrichment analysis and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis to clarify key pathways. Results. The meta‐analysis finally included 10 RCTs with a total of 1318 subjects. Meta‐analysis results showed that Tongxinluo capsules combined with conventional cardiovascular drugs could significantly improve the clinical efficacy of preventing in‐stent restenosis and the clinical efficacy of preventing angina pectoris. There was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy of preventing myocardial infarction. Network pharmacology obtained a total of 101 chemical components and 149 targets through the online database. The results of network analysis showed that the targets were mainly involved in receptor ligand activity, carboxylic acid binding, steroid hormone receptor activity, and other related action pathways and were also involved in AGE‐RAGE signaling pathway, cell senescence signaling pathway, and other related pathways. Conclusion. Tongxinluo capsules combined with conventional cardiovascular drugs can improve the clinical efficacy of preventing in‐stent restenosis and angina pectoris and have a significant effect on reducing inflammatory factors. The comprehensive result of the effect is mainly through the participation of receptor ligand activity, carboxylic acid binding, steroid hormone receptor activity, and other ways to achieve the purpose of treating coronary restenosis.
Shedding Light on PARP Inhibitor Response through Functional Imaging
Authors: Liu Ying L. , Zamarin Dmitriy
Published: January 2023

Functional PET imaging using a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) analog may serve as an early, dynamic biomarker of response to PARPi therapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Clinically, this could help to rapidly identify PARPi nonresponders, thereby maximizing efficacy and avoiding toxicities of futile treatments.

See related article by Pantel et al., p. 1515
Application of Topical Sandalore® Increases Epidermal Dermcidin Synthesis in Organ-Cultured Human Skin ex vivo
Authors: Edelkamp Janin , Lousada Marta B. , Pinto Daniela , Chéret Jérémy , O’Sullivan James D.B. , Biundo Antonio , Jimenez Francisco , Funk Wolfgang , Roessing Christian , Rippmann Volker , Paus Ralf , Bertolini Marta
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Several olfactory receptors (ORs) are expressed in human skin, where they regulate skin pigmentation, barrier function, wound healing, and hair growth. Previously, we found that the selective activation of OR family 2 subfamily AT member 4 (OR2AT4) by the synthetic, sandalwood-like odorant Sandalore® differentially stimulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in human scalp hair follicle epithelium ex vivo. As OR2AT4 is also expressed by epidermal keratinocytes, we hypothesized that it may modulate intraepidermal AMP synthesis, thereby contributing to skin microbiome management. Methods: We investigated this hypothesis in organ-cultured human skin in the presence of Sandalore® and antibiotics and evaluated epidermal production of two AMPs, LL37 (cathelicidin) and dermcidin (DCD), as well as OR2AT4, by quantitative immunohistomorphometry. Moreover, we quantified DCD secretion into the culture medium by ELISA and studied the effect of culture medium on selected bacterial and fungal strains. Results: Topical application of Sandalore®to organ-cultured human skin increased OR2AT4 protein expression, the number of DCD-positive intraepidermal cells, and DCD secretion into culture media, without significantly affecting epidermal LL37 expression. In line with the significantly increased secretion of DCD into the culture medium, we demonstrated, in a spectrophotometric assay, that application of conditioned media from Sandalore®-treated skin promotes Staphylococcus epidermidis, Malassezia restricta, and, minimally, Cutibacterium acnes and inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth. Conclusion: In addition to demonstrating for the first time that DCD can be expressed by epidermal keratinocytes, our pilot study suggests that topical treatment of human skin with a cosmetic odorant (Sandalore®) has the potential to alter the composition of the human skin microbiome through the selective upregulation of DCD. If confirmed, Sandalore® could become an attractive adjuvant, nondrug treatment for dermatoses characterized by dysbiosis due to overgrowth of S. aureus and Malassezia, such as atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis.
Epigenetic Mechanisms Governing Female and Male Germline Development in Mammals
Authors: Shirane Kenjiro , Lorincz Matthew
Published: January 2023

Background: DNA methylation (DNAme) and histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play an integral role in the transcriptional regulation of specific sets of genes and retrotransposons. In turn, these chromatin marks are essential for cellular reprogramming, including during germline development. While DNAme is stably propagated in most somatic tissues, this epigenetic mark undergoes cycles of widespread erasure and re-establishment in the early embryo as well as in the germline. Summary: De novo DNAme occurs at distinct developmental stages in male and female germ cells; before birth in prospermatogonia (PSG) and after birth in growing oocytes. Furthermore, while only ∼40% of the mouse genome is methylated in mature oocytes, ∼80% of the genome is methylated in mature sperm. Here, we review recent epigenome studies which reveal a complex interplay between histone PTMs and de novo DNAme in shaping the sexually dimorphic profiles of DNAme observed in mature gametes in the mouse, including in intergenic regions as well as at imprinted gametic differentially methylated regions (gDMRs). We discuss the dynamics and distribution of key histone PTMs in male and female germ cells, including H3K36me2/me3, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3, and the implications of positive and negative crosstalk between these PTMs and the DNAme machinery. Finally, we reflect on how the sex-specific epigenetic landscapes observed in the mouse germline impact transcriptional regulation in both the gametes and the early embryo. Key Messages: Investigation of the roles of chromatin modifying enzymes and the interplay between the chromatin marks that they deposit in germ cells has been facilitated by analyses of conventional or germline-specific knockout mice, combined with low-input genome-wide profiling methods that have been developed in recent years. While clearly informative, these findings generally reflect “snapshots” of chromatin states derived from analyses of cells analyzed in bulk at a specific period in development. Technological advances and novel experimental models will be required to further refine our understanding of the underlying mechanism and order of establishment of chromatin marks and the impact of sexually dimorphic epigenetic patterning on transcription and other nuclear processes in germ cells, the early embryo and beyond.
First record of the exotic Indothais lacera (Gastropoda, Muricidae) in Brazil
Authors: Pedro Natan Carvalho , Salvador Rodrigo Brincalepe , Simone Luiz Ricardo Lopes de
Published: January 2023

Bioinvasions are one of the main causes of the decline of native biodiversity. Indothais lacera (Born, 1778) is a carnivorous gastropod, native to the Indo-Pacific. We present the first records of I. lacera on the Brazilian coast and the first record of this invasive species in the Western Atlantic. The specimens were found in two locations in the Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia state, northeast of Brazil. Live specimens were collected in the Itapagipe Peninsula, in Ribeira, Salvador, and dry samples (empty shells) were collected in the extreme north of Itaparica Island. Molecular analyses indicate that there was more than one event of introduction of I. lacera in the bay and alert to the potential impacts that this species can have on the benthic community in the region. We suspect that this exotic species is affecting a native population of Thaisella, which was previously locally abundant but has since become rare.
Taxonomic status of Tamarinus imperator subgrisescens (Lönnberg, 1940) (Cebidae, Callitrichinae)
Authors: Gregorin Renato , Athaydes Daysa , Santos Júnior José Eustáquio , Ayoub Tárik Bet
Published: January 2023

The emperor tamarin, Tamarinus imperator, is composed of two subspecies, the nominal type, T. i. imperator, distributed between the Acre and Purus Rivers, whose range is limited between the Brazilian state of Acre and Peru are unbounded, and T. i. subgrisescens, occurring in Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, in the Brazilian states of Acre and Amazonas. Morphologically, both taxa are easily identifiable by the pelage pattern (chromogenetic fields), and even being easily distinguishable, both lineages are considered subspecies according to the criterion based on the Biological Concept of Species from the 1970s, even without presenting some necessary criteria, such as the intergradation zone. Here we analyzed pelage traits, cranial morphometry, Cytochrome-b divergence, and distributional pattern data applying the premises of integrative taxonomy to elucidate the taxonomic status of both lineages. We hypothesize that both lineages are considered full species through a series of criteria for species recognition, such as distinguishability, level of phenotypical divergences of several morphological complexes with congruence among them, and some genetic divergence. The hybridization is unknown and the low or the lack of sampling in target areas does not allow us to determine whether a hybridization or even contact zone between the two lineages exists indeed. All character sets analyzed were congruent with each other and reinforced the high level of divergences between the two subspecies including several pelage differences, morphometry (descriptive statistics, PCA, and MANOVA), and mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome-b divergence. Most of the distribution in both lineages are allopatric, and the levels of intra-lineage phenotypical variation are much lower than between the lineages.
Improvement in Renal Function During the Treatment of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Relationship With Markers of Renal Tubular Injury and Prognostic Importance
Authors: Natov Peter S. , Ivey-Miranda Juan B. , Cox Zachary L. , Moreno-Villagomez Julieta , Maulion Christopher , Bellumkonda Lavanya , Shlipak Michael G. , Estrella Michelle M. , Borlaug Barry A. , Rao Veena S. , Testani Jeffrey M.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Improvement in renal function (IRF) in acute decompensated heart failure is associated with adverse outcomes. The mechanisms driving this paradox remain undefined.

Methods:

Using the ROSE-AHF study (Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation–Acute Heart Failure), 277 patients were grouped according to renal function, with IRF defined by a ≥20% increase (N=75), worsening renal function by a ≥20% decline (N=53), and stable renal function (SRF) by a <20% change (N=149) in estimated glomerular filtration rate between baseline and 72 hours. Three well-validated renal tubular injury markers, NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), NAG (N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase), and KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule 1), were evaluated at baseline and 72 hours. Patients were also classified by the pattern of change in these markers.

Results:

Patients with IRF had the lowest admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (IRF, 37 [28 to 51] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
; worsening renal function, 43 [35 to 55] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
; and SRF, 43 [32 to 55] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
;
P
trend
=0.032) but greater cumulative urine output (IRF, 8780 [7025 to 11 208] mL; worsening renal function, 7860 [5555 to 9765] mL; and SRF, 8150 [6325 to 10 456] mL;
P
trend
=0.024) and weight loss (IRF, –9.0 [–12.4 to –5.3] lb; worsening renal function, –5.1 [–8.1 to –1.3] lb; and SRF, –7.1 [–11.9 to –3.2] lb;
P
trend
<0.001) despite similar diuretic doses (
P
trend
=0.16). There were no differences in the relative change in NGAL, NAG, or KIM-1 between renal function groups (
P
trend
>0.19 for all). Patients with IRF had worse survival than patients with SRF (27% versus 54%; hazard ratio, 1.98 [1.10–3.58];
P
=0.024).

Conclusions:

IRF during decongestive therapy for acute decompensated heart failure was not associated with improved markers of renal tubular injury and was associated with worsened survival, likely driven by the presence of greater underlying cardiorenal dysfunction and more severe congestion.
Virtual Environment Presentations: A Qualitative Exploration of User Perceptions
Authors: LeFebvre Luke , LeFebvre Leah E. , Allen Mike
Published: January 2023

This exploratory study investigates virtual environments (VEs) as a treatment intervention for the fear of public speaking (FoPS). Prior preliminary studies indicate fear reduction following VE simulations with few investigations examining participants’ perspectives. Participants (N = 17) recruited from a public speaking course participated in a virtual reality 360° digital recording simulation that carbon copied the physical reality of their classroom and audience. Before and after immersion, participants completed open-ended responses about the simulation, pre- and post-public speaking fears, and VE public speaking experience. Using thematic analysis on the open-ended responses, researchers coded the responses to understand the communicative performance experience surrounding their VE public speaking simulation. Negative-valence emotions occurred for both presentations; however, participants expressed value in experiencing and overcoming the negative feelings. Based on the anecdotal (or clinical) findings, participants reported experiencing fears similar to those experienced in physical reality as well as emotional and behavioral interventions when engaged in the VE. Additionally, a one-year follow-up (N = 6) provided a reflective process for participants to recall their VE experience and implications beyond the physical simulation. These open-ended responses offered implications surrounding emotional reaction, real audiences, and the speechmaking process. The findings suggest mitigation of audience-related fears by the presence of the virtual audience with participants reoriented to focus on execution of speech delivery. This exploratory qualitative investigation builds toward a future of optimal strategies for using instructional technologies to improve public speaking competency.
A revision of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam
Authors: DANG VAN-SON , NAIKI AKIYO
Published: January 2023

A revision of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam is here presented. 73 species and four subspecies are recognized, of which three species are described as new to science (L. bachmaensis, L. chii and L. yersinii) and two species are the new record to the flora of the country (L. latifolius and L. viridiramulis). The Vietnamese species are arranged into two sections: sect. Lasianthus and sect. Nudiflorae Hook.f. Eighteen taxa names are reduced to synonymy according to recent studies. Lists of examined specimens, information on the distribution, habitat and ecology, phenology, vernacular names, taxonomic notes and color plates are provided for 77 taxa. Preliminary conservation status assessments are also given for the three species. A key for identifying all Vietnamese Lasianthus species is provided as well.
Review of the tribe Smicromyrmini Bischoff, 1920 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
Authors: LELEJ ARKADY S. , WILLIAMS KEVIN A.
Published: January 2023

Twenty-six genera and five subgenera of the tribe Smicromyrmini are reviewed. The tribe (528 valid species) is Afrotropical (15 genera /126 species), Palaearctic (13/213) and Oriental (14/204) in distribution. The females are known for 80%, and males for 87%, of the 26 genera and five subgenera. The hitherto unknown female of Rasnitsynitilla Lelej in Lelej & van Harten, 2006 is described. New combinations are proposed for Rasnitsynitilla bartolozzii (Lo Cascio et Grita, 2014), comb. nov. (from the genus Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870) and Skorikovia sanguinicollis (Klug, 1829), comb. nov. (from the genus Ephutomma Ashmead, 1899). The genus Indratilla Lelej, 1993 is newly recorded from India and the subgenus Eremotilla Lelej, 1985 from the Oriental Region. Keys to females and males of these genera and subgenera of Smicromyrmini are provided. Habitus photos of males and/or females are provided for each genus and subgenus.
On the validity and distribution of Myxobolus curemae Vieira, Agostinho, Negrelli, Silva, Azevedo and Abdallah, 2022 (Myxozoa: Bivalvulida) from a new record on the coast of southeastern Brazil
Authors: MARTINATTI BRUNA REICH , CAVALHEIRO LAURA FRANTELMO , DUARTE RAYANE , DE LIMA VIVIANE MOREIRA , DE ALMEIDA TUBINO RAFAEL , BERTO BRUNO PEREIRA , SANTOS-CLAPP MICHELLE DANIELE
Published: January 2023

Myxobolus spp. are parasites of wide diversity and distribution in fish, both in the natural environment and in freshwater or marine farming systems around the world and are sometimes associated with severe disease in their hosts (Schmahl et al. 1989; Lom and Dyková, 1995; Eiras et al. 2021). The white mullet Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 is a pelagic fish of the Mugilidae family widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean (Froese & Pauly 2022). Recently, Myxobolus curemae Vieira, Agostinho, Negrelli, Silva, Azevedo and Abdallah, 2022 was described from white mullets Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 in Brazil (Vieira et al. 2022). In the current work, Myxobolus sp. was identified with the same biological and morphological characteristic features of M. curemae from white mullets from the Jacarepaguá Lagoon Complex in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in addition to being 100% identical for a genic region of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA. However, this Myxobolus sp. was also similar to Myxobolus hani Faye, Kpatcha, Diebakate, Fall and Toguebaye, 1999, which was described from white mullets in Senegal, Africa, without molecular identification (Faye et al. 1999). Therefore, this current work makes observations on these Myxobolus spp. which are morphologically and biologically similar, and that could establish M. curemae as a junior synonymy of M. hani.
The Time Scales of Climate Responses to Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols
Authors: Stjern Camilla W. , Forster Piers M. , Jia Hailing , Jouan Caroline , Kasoar Matthew R. , Myhre Gunnar , Olivié Dirk , Quaas Johannes , Samset BjØrn H. , Sand Maria , Takemura Toshihiro , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Wells Christopher D.
Published: January 2023

The climate system responds to changes in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases or aerosols through rapid processes, triggered within hours and days, and through slower processes, where the full response may only be seen after centuries. In this paper, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms operating on time scales of hours to years to better understand the response of key climate quantities such as energy fluxes, temperature, and precipitation after a sudden increase in either carbon dioxide (CO2), black carbon (BC), or sulfate (SO4) aerosols. The results are based on idealized simulations from six global climate models. We find that the effect of changing ocean temperatures kicks in after a couple of months. Rapid precipitation reductions start occurring instantly and are established after just a few days. For BC, they constitute most of the equilibrium response. For CO2 and SO4, the magnitude of the precipitation response gradually increases as surface warming/cooling evolves, and for CO2, the sign of the response changes from negative to positive after 2 years. Rapid cloud adjustments are typically established within the first 24 h, and while the magnitude of cloud feedbacks for CO2 and SO4 increases over time, the geographical pattern of the equilibrium cloud change is present already after the first year. While there are model differences, our work underscores the overall similarity of the major time-varying processes and responses simulated by current global models and hence the robustness of key features of simulated responses to historical and future anthropogenic forcing.

Significance Statement

How does the climate system respond to a change in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases or aerosols? Some processes are rapid, responding within hours and days. Others are slow, and the full response to a forcing of the climate may only be seen after centuries. In this paper, we use six global climate models to investigate the time scales of climate responses to carbon dioxide, black carbon, and sulfate, focusing on key climate quantities, such as temperature, precipitation, and clouds. While there are ample model differences, our work underscores the overall similarity of the major time-varying processes and responses simulated by current global models and hence the robustness of key features of simulated responses to historical and future anthropogenic forcing.
Sensitivity to Localization Radii for an Ensemble Filter Numerical Weather Prediction System with 30-Second Update
Authors: Taylor James , Honda Takumi , Amemiya Arata , Otsuka Shigenori , Maejima Yasumitsu , Miyoshi Takemasa
Published: January 2023

A sensitivity analysis for the horizontal localization scale is performed for a numerical weather prediction (NWP) system that uses a 30-s update to refresh a 500-m mesh with observations from a new-generation multiparameter phased array weather radar (MP-PAWR). Testing is performed using three case studies of convective weather events that occurred during August–September 2019, with the aim to determine the most suitable scale for short-range forecasting of precipitating convective systems and to better understand model behavior to a rapid update cycle. Results showed that while the model could provide useful skill at lead times up to 30 min, forecasts would consistently overestimate rainfall and were unable to outperform nowcasts performed with a simple advection model. Using a larger localization scale, e.g., 4 km, generated stronger convective and dynamical instability in the analyses that made conditions more favorable for spurious and intense convection to develop in forecasts. It was demonstrated that lowering the localization scale reduced the size of analysis increments during early cycling, limiting the buildup of these conditions. Improved representation of the localized convection in the initial conditions was suggested as an important step to mitigating this issue in the model.
3D Printing as a Planning Tool to Optimize Sinonasal Irrigation
Authors: Lepley Thomas J. , Kim Kanghyun , Ardizzone Melissa , Kelly Kathleen M. , Otto Bradley A. , Zhao Kai
Published: January 2023

Background:

Topical sinus irrigation plays a critical role in the management of sinonasal diseases. Yet, the penetration of irrigant to targeted sinuses may be highly variable and difficult to predict. Here, we investigate the use of 3D printing as a planning tool to optimize outcomes.

Methods:

Eight post-operative models were 3D printed with a FormLabs Form3 printer based on individual CT scans. Irrigations were performed and video recorded with a squeeze bottle attached via silicon water-tight seal, in 4 head positions: 45° to-the-side, 90° to-the-side, 45° forward and 45° to-the-side, and 90° forward, with irrigation fluid entering the upper (conventional) or lower (backfill) nostrils.

Results:

Significant individual variations were observed in sinus penetration as a function of head position. In general, the maxillary sinus was the easiest to irrigate in most head positions ( P < .05), followed by frontal and ethmoid, with sphenoid being the most difficult. Both the 90°-to-the-side and the 90°-forward positions were significantly more effective than the others ( P < .05), with 90°-forward better for frontal sinuses and 90°-to-the-side superior for all other sinuses. The backfill was significantly superior to conventional technique in head positions involving a side tilt ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Variations in technique and position significantly impacted irrigation outcome. Backfill irrigation that pushes fluid against gravity to pool around the ostium, seems to provide overall better outcomes. This study demonstrates the advantage of 3D printing as a rapid planning tool to guide irrigation strategies.
Potential Role of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Screening Approach for Breast Cancer
Authors: Faria Rodrigo A. , Leal Leonardo B. , Thebit Marcela M. , Pereira Sergio W. A. , Serafim Neuzimar R. , Barauna Valerio G. , da Chagas e Silva Carvalho Luis Felipe , Sartório Carmem L. , Gouvea Sonia A.
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and its spread involves a succession of clinical and pathological stages. Screening is predominantly based on mammography, which has critical limitations related to the effectiveness and production of false-positive or false-negative results, generating discomfort and low adherence. In this context, infrared with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy emerges as a non-destructive sample tool, which is non-invasive, label-free, has a low operating-cost, and requires only a small amount of sample, including liquid plasma samples. We sought to evaluate the clinical applicability of ATR FT-IR in breast cancer screening. ATR FT-IR spectroscopy through its highest potential spectral biomarker could distinguish, by liquid plasma biopsy, breast cancer patients and healthy controls, obtaining a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 93%, a receiver operating characteristic ROC curve of 97%, and a prediction accuracy of 94%. The main variance between the groups was mainly in the band 1511 cm−1 of the control group, 1502 and 1515 cm−1 of the cancer group, which are the peaks of the bands referring to proteins and amide II. ATR FT-IR spectroscopy has demonstrated to be a promising tool for breast cancer screening, given its time efficiency, cost of approach, and its high ability to distinguish between the liquid plasma samples of breast cancer patients and healthy controls.
Psychological Distress of Healthcare Workers in 4 Hospitals Compared to General Population During the First Italian Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Russo Gianmarco , Vargas Marianna N , Santoro Vittorio , Oriani Maria Ginevra , Focosi Astrid , Capecci Ilaria , Servillo Giuseppe , De Simone Stefania , Vargas Maria
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 caused important consequences on public health, economy, physical, and mental health of people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on frontline workers, comparing them with their colleagues who had no contact with the patients and with the general population, by administering an online questionnaire based on the Distress Questionnaire—5 (DQ5). The study was carried out during the first Italian wave of COVID-19 pandemic from 1st to 30th of April. Participants were divided in 3 groups: group 1 is general population group that includes the general population which are quarantined but not isolated, group health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals, and group 3 healthcare staff group working in COVID-19 hospitals. The survey was carried with the Distress Questionnaire—5 (DQ5) as a tool to detect the psychological distress and mental health problems. A total of 2983 people participated in this survey. Seven hundred and twenty four out of 1123 (64%) were employers of the 4 hospitals included in this study. Particularly among the respondents, 2259 (75.7%) were general population, 502 (16.8%) were health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals, while 222 (7.4%) were health care staff working in covid-19 hospitals. Health care personnel working in COVID-19 hospitals (DQ-5 = 13, 10-16) had less psychological distress compared with health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals (DQ-5 = 14, 11-16) and general population (DQ-5 = 14, 11-17; P = .04). The regression model showed that people aged 26 to 35 (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21-3.48) and female (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.95-2.83) were significantly at risk to develop a DQ-5 ≥ 11. During the first Italian wave of COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare personnel working in COVID-19 hospitals had less psychological distress compared with health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals and general population, probably because they were prepared to face situations like outbreak or emergencies.
Event-triggered stabilization of linear input-delay systems with state quantization and unknown time-varying delay: A Razumikhin stability theorem-based approach
Authors: Golestani Farzaneh , Tavazoei Mohammad Saleh
Published: January 2023

Benefiting from the input-to-state stability (ISS) version of the Razumikhin stability theorem, this paper deals with the stabilization of continuous linear input-delay systems with state quantization and without any knowledge about the delay. An event-triggered delay independent truncated predictor feedback (ET-DITPF) controller with a switched feedback control law is proposed to guarantee the globally uniformly asymptotic stability (GUAS)/globally uniformly exponential stability (GUES) of the closed-loop system. As a prominent feature, this controller uses no information about the time delay (neither its value nor its upper bound). In the proposed event-triggered framework, a lower bound for each two consecutive events is derived to show the non-occurrence of the Zeno behavior. Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Turning a blind eye? Removing barriers to science and mathematics education for students with visual impairments
Authors: Hayes Cicely , Proulx Michael J
Published: January 2023

With complex, visual concepts prevailing in science and mathematics curricula, these subjects are often inaccessible to students with visual impairments (VI), leading to their underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) careers. While researchers have identified strategies that can facilitate students with VI’s learning within special schools, less is known about how students with VI access science and mathematics within a mainstream context, even though this is where the majority are educated. This seems important to address given the additional barrier students with VI face within mainstream schools, including negative attitudes from mainstream teachers. Consequently, the current study was conducted to explore how students with VI’s access to and learning of science and mathematics can be improved within the mainstream context. Two interviews were conducted with qualified teachers of children and young people with vision impairment (QTVIs), revealing the importance of classroom adaptations, such as hands-on experience and increased lesson time, to facilitate students with VI’s learning of science and mathematics. These findings are discussed in relation to policy and practice, suggesting mainstream teachers should be trained to make small but effective adaptations in their teaching, and that students with VI are given the opportunity to learn skills needed to become independent learners.
High Interest in Pursuing Trauma-Informed Care in Nursing Home Social Services Directors
Authors: Kusmaul Nancy , Becker Todd D. , Hector Paige , Bern-Klug Mercedes , Smith Kevin M.
Published: January 2023

This study explored nursing home social services directors’ interest in pursuing trauma-informed care (TIC) training, and individual and organizational characteristics associated with their interest. Data from the 2019 National Nursing Home Social Services Directors Survey, a national cross-sectional survey, were used. Measures sought information on participants’ interest in TIC training, sociodemographic characteristics, and characteristics of employing nursing homes. Descriptive statistics and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used. Of the 924 respondents, 880 (95.2%) were included in the analysis. Most (71.7%) expressed high interest in TIC training. Younger age, fewer years of nursing home social services experience, being degreed and licensed in social work, and being a person of color were associated with greater odds of high interest in TIC training. Neither nursing home ownership nor social services staffing ratio was significantly associated with interest in TIC training. As policy requires TIC in nursing homes, these findings present a first step towards understanding implementation.
A Holistic Approach to On-Reserve School Transformation: Pursuing Pedagogy, Leadership, Cultural Knowledge, and Mental Health as Paths of Change
Authors: Andrews J. W. , Murry A. , Istvanffy P.
Published: January 2023

The aim of this manuscript is to present and discuss an attempt at transformative change in an on-reserve school in northern Saskatchewan. Myriad studies and government statistics have stated that on- reserve Indigenous students occupy the lowest levels of success in Canada as it relates to almost any recognized metric. In response to the ongoing inequity in education, a 3-year project was undertaken with potential national implications. In this project, a holistic approach was utilized which places an emphasis on leadership development, curriculum, teaching and learning, local Indigenous pedagogies, and mental health support. The confluence of approaches in this project have challenged standard approaches to school transformation by placing an emphasis on the local context and knowledge systems that already place the community in a position of strength. Data collection and project development was primarily focused on document analysis, classroom visits, meetings, and professional development with the faculty, planning sessions, instructional monitoring and student academic, cultural, and mental health assessments, and research projects. This manuscript offers wise practice considerations for diverse on- reserve schools through relationally collaborative interventions rooted in school psychology principles as key agents of change, resulting in: higher teacher retention; more comprehensive and effective lesson planning, implementation, and assessment; enhanced integration of Indigenous values within the classroom (e.g., PISIM); and improved teacher and student mental wellness in the classroom (e.g., teacher utilization of EFSS).