bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Story of Balaam’s She-Ass (Numbers 22:21–35): A New Literary Insight
Authors: Frisch Amos
Published: December 2015

The presence of the she-ass episode in the Balaam pericope (Numbers 22–24) raises a number of questions, in part because it seems to result in inconsistencies and redundancies. Based on an integrated reading of the biblical text that looks for the elements shared by the episode and the broader story and examines the former in expanding contextual circles, the present article argues that Num 22:21–35 plays an important role by presenting the relationship between Balaam and his donkey as analogous to his relationship with the Israelites.
Praise or Antiphonal Singing?: The Meaning of להודות Revisited
Authors: Amzallag Nissim
Published: December 2015

In the religious context, “to praise” is generally considered the essential meaning of להודות. However, this meaning is not present in the nominal form תודה; conversely, the sacrificial aspect of תודה is not expressed by the verbal form להודות. The present study demonstrates that the primary sense of להודות, from which all other meanings derive, most likely has to do with choral performance; specifically, the verb refers to the antiphonal mode of singing. Accordingly, the musical dimension of תודה/להודות may be more frequently expressed in the biblical cultic context than it is generally assumed. These findings stress the central importance of antiphonal performance in the worship of Yhwh and reveal that in Biblical Hebrew, the meaning of terms used in religious context cannot be simply extrapolated from the one they exhibit in secular context.
Linguistic Markers of Polar Interrogatives in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Hawley Lance
Published: December 2015

What marks a yes/no question as a question in biblical Hebrew? In the vast majority of cases, the answer to this question is the ה־ interrogative. However, there are several clear cases of polar interrogatives without clause initial ה־ that must have some other linguistic marker of interrogative modality. The present article examines possible syntactic and prosodic markers in these clauses and compares their grammatical features with polar interrogatives in the book of Genesis that have the ה־ interrogative. After establishing the grammatical patterns of polar interrogatives with prefixed ה־, I examine the cases without interrogative ה־ and argue that while shifts in word order do not correspond to the ways in which polar interrogatives are marked, prosodic shifts in intonation—largely inaccessible to modern readers—must have produced the interrogative sense. This raises the issue of whether some clauses that are typically understood as declaratives might be construed as questions when the context allows for both possibilities. I also find that although syntactic shifts do not produce interrogatives, word order does relate to the focus of questions, indicating the questioned topic.
Iniquities Ensnare the Wicked: The Ethical Theory of Proverbs 1–9
Authors: Baris Michael
Published: December 2015

In terms of moral theory, Proverbs 1–9 seems disappointing. Heavily emphasizing the eudemonistic consequences of folly, its adages appear self-centered and therefore highly inappropriate in the context of religious ethics. In the present article, I contend that Wisdom’s central position as God’s world order in this text is comparable to Stoic thought that faces similar problems. At the same time, while the Stoics were concerned with conformity to the universal logos per se, Proverbs 1–9 focuses on the moral structure of the human psyche, highlighting the self-destructive consequences of immoral behavior as internal phenomena. The cause and effect nexus central to the chapters in question stems from the individual as a moral agent, transforming the external incentives of “common sense” admonitions to reflections on the inner impetus for moral behavior.
אשר from Light Noun to Nominalizer: Toward a Broader Typology of Clausal Nominalization in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Park Grace J.
Published: December 2015

I analyze אשר in Biblical Hebrew as a nominalizing particle on the basis of a broad typology of clausal nominalization drawn from recent work on non-Western languages. I argue that the nominalizing function of אשר developed through a grammaticalization process in which the lexical significance of אשר ‘place’ was bleached, forming a light noun . Light nouns often act as the head of nominalized clauses in other languages (meaning, for example, “the one that,” “the time that,” “the reason that,” etc.) and I suggest that a light noun analysis of אשר offers many advantages over previous analyses of אשר as a nominalizer. Robert Holmstedt, for example, has argued that אשר is a nominalizer based on a Chomskian framework in which covert head nouns alongside אשר are frequently posited, but these covert head nouns are superfluous in my analysis. Moreover, according to Holmstedt’s framework, the use of אשר is limited to two syntactic functions, namely complementizer and relativizer, and the אשר clauses that do not fit into this framework (for example, those that can only be analyzed as matrix clauses) are regarded as ungrammatical. However, the broader typology that I use in this paper emphasizes the close link between clausal nominalization and adverbial clauses as well as stand-alone nominalization (nominalization of a matrix clause). Therefore, I suggest that we include these supposedly ungrammatical examples within a coherent typology of clausal nominalization, gaining a unified picture of the different ways in which אשר functions as a nominalizer in Biblical Hebrew.
Chats, loups, ours et autres cacodémons: Le zoomorphisme démoniaque dans l’imaginaire du montagnard vosgien des XVI e et XVII e siècles
Authors: Diedler Jean-Claude
Published: December 2015

In South Lorraine of the 16 th and 17 th centuries, the language of the mountain folk was replete with representations of diabolical animals. These malevolent beings, dubbed cacodemons, profoundly marked the fears of the inhabitants of isolated forest settlements. They were also one of the driving forces behind the upsurge in witch trials beginning in the 1580s. Using a lexicon specific to a period, population, and place, this article examines the mysterious workings of a widely shared imaginary world and strives to develop a coherent explanatory framework that broadens the approach to the concept of witchcraft, an area of special interest to historiographers today.
Co-operative Consuming: Ontario Beef Rings, 1899-1945
Authors: Gal Andrea M.
Published: December 2015

Les historiens canadiens se penchent de plus en plus sur les pratiques et les modes de consommation, mais leur travail porte habituellement sur les zones urbaines. Les habitants des campagnes ont pourtant continué de former une proportion importante de la population canadienne jusqu’au début des années 1940. Le présent article, axé sur l’Ontario, traite d’une institution caractéristique du milieu rural: l’association ou le cercle de consommateurs de bœuf frais. Selon l’auteure, il s’agit d’une méthode de consommation propre aux agriculteurs, et les participants étaient en général des propriétaires d’exploitations moyennement ou bien à l’aise. Remettant en question l’apparente dichotomie entre l’autosuffisance et l’intégration complète au marché, les membres de ces regroupements ont combiné des notions de coopération et de relations au marché. Ils ont surmonté les limites de la technologie et eu accès à de la viande de bœuf fraîche à la ferme au cours des mois les plus chauds de l’année.
The Diffusion of Disability Rights in Europe
Authors: Vanhala Lisa
Published: December 2015

This article examines the spread of disability rights across European countries. Existing theoretical explanations of rights diffusion are unable to account for the pattern of adoption of disability equality norms across Europe over the last twenty years. The article argues top-down explanations need to be complemented by agent-centered approaches to convincingly account for the case of disability rights in Europe. Engagement with social movement theory that takes domestic activists and the meanings they attribute to rights seriously offers a better understanding of how and why we might see the rise of rights in one case and their rejection in another.
Rights Monitoring and Assessment using Quantitative Indicators of Law and Policy: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Authors: Heymann Jody , McNeill Kristen , Raub Amy
Published: December 2015

This article proposes an approach to assessing country action on economic and social rights based on transparent, comparable measures of law and policy. Using a new data set on rights, laws, and policies in 193 UN member states, this article applies a sample set of indicators to ICESCR rights to demonstrate the utility of this approach. For each indicator, we examine whether the 163 UN member states that are states parties to the ICESCR have enacted relevant laws and policies; we then compare their performance with that of countries that have not ratified the ICESCR and examine differences before and after ICESCR ratification within countries.
Between Soft Legality and Strong Legitimacy: A Political Economy Approach to the Struggle for Basic Entitlements to Safe Water and Sanitation
Authors: de Gaay Fortman Bas , Marcatelli Michela
Published: December 2015

This article argues that the internationally declared “human right to safe water and sanitation,” although characterized by soft legality, may yet support universal access to such basic entitlements by virtue of its strong legitimacy. From a strategic perspective, human rights do indeed provide legitimacy to collective struggles aimed at realizing socioeconomic justice in contexts in which the human dignity of the poor is being structurally denied, often including even a simple enactment of their basic rights. Beyond the current focus on legality and in connection with the global development agenda beyond 2015, the authors draw on a number of water-related legal and political cases meant to illustrate distinct human rights strategies. They explore the impact of contextualized “upstream initiatives” and the use of abstract rights as instruments towards securing concrete entitlements, to be seen as a crucial complement to the “downstream” ventures still favored by those primarily concerned with the protection of human dignity from the perspective of international standard-setting and supervision.
Was Imam ʿAli a Misogynist?: The Portrayal of Women in Nahj al-Balaghah and Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays
Authors: Inloes Amina
Published: December 2015

One of the most controversial Shiʿi texts today is a sermon in Nahj al-Balaghah (an early eleventh century collection of materials attributed to ʿAli ibn Abi Talib) describing women as deficient in faith and intellect. This is only one of several passages in Nahj al-Balaghah which come across as unfavourable to women. While, in the Shiʿi tradition, the authenticity of materials in Nahj al-Balaghah is rarely challenged, this paper challenges the authenticity of these passages about women through three means: (a) a traditional approach based on alternative sources and chains of narration; (b) textual criticism, including the suggestion that the notion of women being ‘deficient’ was actually taken from Aristotle, not Imam ʿAli; and (c) comparing the treatment of women in Nahj al-Balaghah with the treatment of women in Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays , the earliest extant Shiʿi text. This will be done under the premise that if the portrayals significantly conflict, the material in Nahj al-Balaghah may reflect a later set of cultural-religious norms and have been attributed to ʿAli ibn Abi Talib posthumously. Additionally, it argues against the common view that some of these passages were addressed specifically to ʿAʾishah (as opposed to all women) due to her participation in the Battle of the Camel by a deeper examination of the alternative textual sources. It also highlights the ethical problems involved in attacking women through their gender – which is often done in Shiʿi historical narrative with respect to ʿAʾishah – and considers the persistence of these ideas about the nature of women in contemporary Shiʿi ideologies of gender.
Wealth and Poverty in the Qurʾan and Traditions of the Prophet, and How Those Concepts are Reflected in the Rasaʾil Ikhwan al-Safaʾ
Authors: Poonawala Ismail
Published: December 2015

The aim of this paper is to scrutinize abstract notions of wealth and poverty as portrayed in the Qurʾan and the traditions of the Prophet, and how those concepts are reflected in a well-known encyclopaedia entitled Rasaʾil Ikhwan al-Safaʾ that circulated the Arab world at the turn of the tenth century. In the conclusion I tentatively argue that, despite their revolutionary attitude toward the prevailing religio-political authorities, the Ikhwan took a conservative stance concerning wealth and poverty by striking a balance between excessive wealth and abject poverty.
God and the Present Voice: An Investigation into the Dialogical Nature of the Qur’an
Authors: Gheitury Amer
Published: December 2015

The following is an attempt to argue for an omnitemporal voice in the Qurʾan by investigating the structure of the text which, as it will be shown, is in dialogue throughout. This dialogical structure which runs through almost all parts of the text is associated with a going-beyond of temporal context that brings the historical characters out of their setting to join the main speaker who is heard everywhere in the text, and who becomes atemporal by being present in all contexts.
Remodeling Creation: The July 1922 Issue of Kaebyŏk Magazine
Authors: de Fremery Wayne , Kim Sang Hun
Published: December 2015

Digital reproductions of cultural objects are routinely used as information and/or evidence in a wide variety of studies. Yet, many of the procedures and mechanisms that constitute digital objects are hidden from view. This article documents an experiment designed to reveal what is ordinarily concealed when digital reproductions of textual artifacts are enacted. We describe remodeling an encoded copy of the July 1922 issue of the important Korean colonial-era periodical Kaebyŏk (Creation) hosted on a website administrated by the National Institute of Korean History (NIKH). This was done by generating an alternate visual scheme for the Unicode values used as part of the computational procedures that present the July 1922 issue of Kaebyŏk on the NIKH website. We also document our attempts to account for the patterns that emerged when we remodeled the issue.

This creative engagement with the materials and computational elements of digital texts revealed itself to be a fecund form of literary, textual, and historical critique. Indeed, our experiment generated a number of domain-specific hypotheses about genre, translation, and compositional practice in colonial Korea while raising important questions about studies of culture that bracket either the material or discursive systems of cultural objects from view. A narrow focus on the material-discursive details of a single issue of one periodical brought expansive, largely unexplored fields of investigation into view.
Virtual Space and National Division: Crow’s Eye View: The Korean Peninsula at the Venice Architecture Biennale (2014)
Authors: Lee Sohl
Published: December 2015

How can a visual cultural object represent national division, especially its inherent complexity in spatiotemporal contestations brought by the regurgitating history of antagonistic separation? This article’s central object of analysis is a recent architecture exhibition that conjures what I call “a virtual space of Korean division”—an immersive space of embodiment where visitors can experience a shift in conceptual framework through exposure to the unforeseen relations outside their previously held notions about national division, which, for the Korean peninsula, began in 1945 and solidified in 1953. Titled Crow’s Eye View: The Korean Peninsula, the exhibition was housed in the Korean Pavilion for the occasion of the 2014 Venice Architecture Biennale. As an exhibition that presents Korean modern architecture and urban space, Crow’s Eye View prompts an intervention into the history of Korean division, operating on the spatial fields of embodiment, displacement, and mediation. The visual and spatial analyses of the exhibition include the display tactics, the origin story of the Korean Pavilion in Venice, and the colonial poet Yi Sang’s 1934 visual poem Ogamdo (Crow’s eye view), an eponymous poem from which the curators acquire the exhibition’s conceptual identity. Proposing an alternative to the existing representational frameworks of nationalism and Cold War bipolarity, this article argues that Crow’s Eye View and its virtuality reconfigure national division as a precarious state of being in common despite differences—a state of contingent coexistence and not a unified oneness nor an oppositional separation. In so doing, the exhibition thrusts the spatiotemporality of the Cold War, and the post–Cold War era, into virtual movement.
Shifting Coordinates of Nativist (Hyangt’o) Aesthetics: The Colonial Rural in South Korea’s Literary Film Adaptations
Authors: An Jinsoo
Published: December 2015

This article examines South Korea’s cinematic adaptation of the colonial literature, more specifically the short fiction of nativist (鄕土, hyangt’o) aesthetics. It begins with a brief survey of literary art film (文藝映畵, munye yŏnghwa), which emerged as a film cycle of the 1960s, and raises questions about interpretive issues in reading postcolonial films. In short, I claim that the literary film adaptations of the 1960s show a new, colonial, rural “imaginary” particular to South Korea’s cultural production. On the surface, they appear to register a return to the colonial nativist sensibility. However, they mark a clear shift in focus toward the area of communal interaction and the social dynamics of information sharing. This article attempts to discern and articulate new thematic preoccupations and tendencies as well as their implications to a nationalist view toward the Colonial Period. In addition, it historicizes the cinematic version of nativist aesthetics by relating its development to the larger concern of the cinematic form and the history of colonial representation.
Diagnostic Categories in Autobiographical Accounts of Illness
Authors: Kelly Michael P.
Published: December 2015

Working within frameworks drawn from the writings of Immanuel Kant, Alfred Schutz, and Kenneth Burke, this article examines the role that diagnostic categories play in autobiographical accounts of illness, with a special focus on chronic disease. Four lay diagnostic categories, each with different connections to formal medical diagnostic categories, serve as typifications to make sense of the way the lifeworld changes over the course of chronic illness. These diagnostic categories are used in conjunction with another set of typifications: lay epidemiologies, lay etiologies, lay prognostics, and lay therapeutics. Together these serve to construct and reconstruct the self at the center of the lifeworld. Embedded within the lay diagnostic categories are narratives of progression, regression, or stability, forms of typification derived from literary and storytelling genres. These narratives are developed by the self in autobiographical accounts of illness.
How Did Everyone Get Diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder?
Authors: Horwitz Allan V.
Published: December 2015

Psychiatric diagnoses often reflect a matrix of sociological factors associated with professional prestige, economic forces, and cultural fashions. Diagnostic systems conceptualize the same underlying psychosocial problems in very different ways during various time periods. Since the publication of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ( DSM-III ) in 1980, psychological distress resulting from social circumstances that previously was viewed as a general problem of nerves, neuroses, and anxiety was transformed into the specific diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Several factors, including the contrasting ways in which DSM-III defined anxiety and depression, the necessity of using explicit diagnoses to obtain professional legitimacy and reimbursement for services, and the marketing practices of the pharmaceutical industry, account for why depression replaced anxiety as the diagnosis most suitable for treated mental health conditions. Beneath the changing veneer of psychiatric labels, however, lies the same mélange of psychic ills that resist the precise labels current diagnostic fashions strive to impose upon them.
Diagnosis and Metaphor
Authors: Hanne Michael
Published: December 2015

Human beings rely on metaphor as a primary cognitive device for interpreting the world around them. Metaphors figure especially strongly in discourse around health, illness, and medicine. It is not just that patients use metaphors to describe their personal experience of being unwell, or that medical professionals employ metaphor to convey a diagnosis, describe a treatment, or explain the function of an organ to their patients. Metaphor, it is argued, lies at the heart of the process of diagnosis. Moreover, diagnosticians employ competing metaphors in the early stages of diagnosis to speculate on alternative ways of viewing a puzzling set of symptoms. Diagnosis is often defined as a process of ordering and classifying, while metaphor is a device for playing with classifications. The medical systems of different cultures depend on different sets of fundamental metaphors. Modern Western biomedicine is organized around a series of basic metaphors: the body as machine, the body as the site of battle, and the body as a communication system. Traditional Chinese medicine, on the other hand, uses images of flow and blockage, balance and imbalance, and works by analogy with five elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Psychologists are sometimes able to detect from a patient’s own use of metaphor, or inability to use or recognize metaphor, clues to a diagnosis of psychosis or autism. With conditions such as anorexia nervosa, therapists may actually work to modify the dysfunctional metaphors by which patients depict themselves, with the purpose of establishing positive metaphors for envisaging recovery.
The Enchantment of Commodified Desire in Post-Revolutionary China: Rain Clouds over Wushan (1996) as Post-Socialist Film
Authors: Wang Xiaoping
Published: December 2015

Rain Clouds over Wushan (Wushan Yunyu 巫山云雨, also known as In Expectation ) was a key film in the Chinese avant-garde movement of the 1990s. This paper contends that the film’s use of symbolism, naturalism, and super-realism to indicate the omnipotence of desire in contemporary China, which actually works through the seduction of the logic of commodity exchange at the historical moment of early market economy in post-socialist China. A postmodern film with a modernist and realist facade, Rain Clouds demonstrates that postmodern culture in China is premised upon a post-socialist political-economic regime and its sensory machine.
An Interview with Thurston Moore
Authors: Kane Daniel
Published: December 2015

On August 13, 2013, I got together with Thurston Moore in his flat in Stoke Newington to discuss how his readings in contemporary American poetry influenced some of the songs on the recently-released self-titled album by his post-Sonic Youth band, Chelsea Light Moving. We never really got around to talking about the record, as we spent most of our three or so hours together having a wide-ranging conversation about Vito Acconci, Bernadette Mayer, the Poetry Project at St. Mark’s Church, Dan Graham, Dee Dee Ramone, Clark Coolidge, Lydia Lunch, and beyond. This is a condensed and lightly edited transcript of that conversation.
What is Wrong with Addiction
Authors: Summers Jesse S.
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Clinical criteria have trouble distinguishing addictions, on the one hand, from, on the other hand, appetites—like our appetites for food and water—and non-addictive passions that guide our lives, from serious hobbies to parenting. The simplest explanation of how addictions are distinct from non-addictive appetites and passions is that addictive behavior reveals some misvaluation by the addict, that the addict is wrong to act as she does. Psychological evidence supports this philosophical proposal by explaining how such a misvaluation is reinforced, namely by the addict’s acting in unthinking, impulsive ways. This reinforcement explains addiction’s chronic resistance to contrary evidence. This proposal neatly accounts for the questions left unanswered by standard diagnostic criteria of addiction.
Appreciative Assessment in Academic Advising
Authors: He Ye , Hutson Bryant
Published: December 2015

Academic advising is one of the key functions in higher education. While there has been a development of advising practices in the past decade, the assessment of academic advising practices is far from satisfactory. In this article, we review major academic advising approaches and key characteristics of quality assessment practices. Based on the review, we propose the consideration of integrating both the logic model and mixed methods design in academic advising assessment framework. Adapting the Appreciative Education (AE) framework to guide the assessment process, we specify a 6-step model to assess the initiation, interaction, and impact of academic advising practices.
Mariátegui, Pareto y Sorel: revisionismo o revolución decolonial
Authors: Izquierdo Lucas
Published: December 2015

In the 1920s, José Carlos Mariátegui (1894–1930) engaged in critical dialogue with the Mexican Revolution, the rise of the Soviet Union, the II and III International, the 1927 Chinese Crisis, the fall of European Empires, and the consolidation of capitalist monopolies. This article locates Mariátegui’s hermeneutical systems among two visionaries whom he quoted extensively: Italian sociologist Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923) and French syndicalist Georges Sorel (1847–1922). Identifying the criticism faced by the founder of Peru’s Socialist Party and the chief editor of the avant-garde journal Amauta , the article argues that the well-known antinomy “revolution versus revisionism” prescribes the diverging evaluations of Mariátegui’s political and editorial work. Placing Mariátegui in dialogue with Spivak’s postcolonial critique and Mignolo’s decolonial matrix, the article suggests that Mariátegui instrumentalized his authorial figure and anticipated contemporary critical postcolonial debates to process aesthetics, politics, and history.
Mario Bellatin’s Salón de belleza and the Production of Space
Authors: Larisch Sharon
Published: December 2015

Mario Bellatin’s Salón de belleza centers on the production of space, rather than on the existence of things and persons occupying or moving through an already constituted space. This focus on production underlines the social and political nature of space. As recent work by cultural geographers suggests, space is a condensation of the acts that comprise it. As such, it exists for certain persons and certain activities and can facilitate or hinder action. In the case of Salón de belleza , the acts that can constitute space are ultimately limited to one sole act, to dying. I argue that the hyper-allegorization in the novel causes the reader to experience the creation of an analogous deathly space that seems to restrict or compromise interpretative life. However, the space-time of allegory theorized by Walter Benjamin, Idelbar Avelar and others undermines the apparent ideological closure of allegory understood narrowly as spatialized representation.
Risky Business, Gender Roles, and Reform in Regina (1886) by Teresa González de Fanning
Authors: Clark Emily Joy
Published: December 2015

Many female Hispanic authors of the nineteenth century penned novels on practical topics that directly affected their households and children, such as education and religion. Later, some women writers also approached economic concerns surrounding modernity and industrialization in the new nations of Latin America. Teresa González de Fanning (1836–1918), a Peruvian writer and activist who was a member of several intellectual circles in Lima (such as Juana Manuela Gorriti’s veladas literarias ), added her voice to the public debate surrounding women’s financial security in her short novel Regina (1886). I argue that González de Fanning’s depiction of the downfall of an entire family due to the patriarch’s illicit business dealings allows her to denounce Peruvian economic and political systems for their exclusion of women from many work, business, and investment opportunities. Consequently, Regina’s mutilation by a machine that her husband owns graphically highlights the danger for defenseless women when they are subjected to their husbands’ reckless financial mismanagement and limited in their access to education and job opportunities. The novel thus permits González de Fanning to insert her opinion into Peruvian economic policy discourses from which she would have otherwise been excluded.
Papeleo, espacio y tiempo en El carnero : el archivo se confiesa
Authors: Echevarría Roberto González
Published: December 2015

This article provides a new reading of the famous story about black sorceress Juana García that appears in Juan Rodríguez Freyle’s El Carnero . It shows how she manipulates basic elements of the colonial bureaucracy that control time and space to perform the trick that allows her adulterous client to get away with her infidelity. One key factor is the periodicity of the fleets connecting Spain to the New World, the so-called “Indies run,” in which the deceived husband travels. Another is Juana’s ability to fly that lets her overcome time and space restrictions, and is drawn from the myth of the flying African, which gave slaves the imaginary freedom to escape back to the motherland. With these details Rodríguez Freyle reveals the structure of the Archive from the inside, and how sex and money are at the foundation of that imperial construct.
Recent Studies in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Stabler Jane
Published: December 2015

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of the nineteenth century and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of works received by SEL for consideration follow.
Polyptoton in In Memoriam : Evolution, Speculation, Elegy
Authors: Gray Erik
Published: December 2015

Alfred Tennyson’s In Memoriam (1850) uses polyptoton—the repetition of a word in different forms or grammatical cases—with extraordinary frequency and to extraordinary effect. The trope powerfully reinforces two of the poem’s central motifs. First, polyptoton embodies, at a verbal level, the constant evolutionary change that proves so crucial to the imagery and ideology of the poem. Second, polyptoton reflects the poem’s speculation, its tendency to offer varying ideas about a single theme. The trope carries important resonances not only for Tennyson’s poem but also for the genre of elegy, which depends on the ability and willingness to imagine alternatives.
George Gissing and the Fictional Work of Biography
Authors: Kotch Amanda
Published: December 2015

This essay argues that George Gissing develops his critical ideas about realism by correlating the balance of life and work in biography with the realist novelist’s negotiation between external details and subjective impressions in fiction. In The Unclassed (1884), New Grub Street (1891), and Charles Dickens: A Critical Study (1898), Gissing recognizes the realist aesthetic as vulnerable to the imaginative constraints of biography. Yet these works also suggest that the late Victorian conversation about realism involved a reimagining of biography’s critical uses that would account for the lives of genres as well as authors.
Victime ou martyre?: Scandale, paranoïa et tragédie dans L’Inceste et Quitter la ville de Christine Angot
Authors: Baillargeon Mercédès
Published: December 2015

Cet article s’intéresse à la réception controversée réservée à l’œuvre de l’écrivaine française Christine Angot. En 1999, le livre L’Inceste crée tout un scandale au moment de sa parution, principalement à cause de son sujet choquant, mais aussi à cause de la personnalité provocatrice de l’écrivaine. L’année suivante, Angot publie Quitter la ville , dans lequel elle fait retour sur la réception de son précédent livre. Exhibitionnisme, hystérie, recherche du scandale ne sont qu’un échantillon des accusations portées contre elle. Alors que l’écrivaine s’insurge contre le fait que son œuvre soit prise pour « une merde de témoignage », comme elle l’écrit si bien, j’argumente ici que l’écrivaine manipule la réaction du public de façon à s’assurer une réception négative. Elle joue avec l’aspect scandaleux du thème de l’inceste tout en brouillant volontairement la distinction entre réalité et fiction de façon à déstabiliser à dessein le lecteur. Nous proposons ainsi d’étudier la manière dont cette structure paranoïaque imprègne l’esthétique incestueuse plus large de Christine Angot. La question si l’auteure est victime des préjugés du lecteur sur l’inceste ou bien si ce n’est pas plutôt elle-même qui se dépeint comme martyre sera au cœur de notre analyse.
(Re)Reading the Ruins: Yanick Lahens’s Post-Earthquake Narrative Revisions
Authors: Loth Laura
Published: December 2015

Haitian author Yanick Lahens, while attempting to describe the unthinkable devastation of the earthquake that struck Haiti on January 12, 2010, addresses the conundrum of the writer who faces such vast tragedy with the limited tools of language to exercise her craft and who must at the same time “write back” to a canon of clichés and reductive images that close Haiti into a discourse of disaster. Lahens published her account of the earthquake, Failles , in 2010, wherein she discussed the earthquake’s interruption of a fiction project she had begun before the quake. In 2013, she published that project as a novel entitled Guillaume et Nathalie . Lahens highlights the relevance of Haiti’s disaster and trauma narratives to the fields of trauma studies and postcolonial studies by foregrounding the ongoing process of remembering and representing trauma through rereading the disaster in her two works.
Emerging Roles of SPINK1 in Cancer
Authors: Räsänen Kati , Itkonen Outi , Koistinen Hannu , Stenman Ulf-Håkan
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND

Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) was originally isolated from the urine of a patient with ovarian cancer. It was later shown to be produced by many other tumors and several normal tissues. It had earlier been isolated from the pancreas and was hence called pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI). It belongs to a family of protease inhibitors presently called serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type (SPINK). In the SPINK family TATI/PSTI is SPINK1, which is the name used in this review.

CONTENT

In addition to being a protease inhibitor, SPINK1 also acts as an acute-phase reactant and a growth factor. Furthermore, it has been shown to modulate apoptosis. Overexpression of SPINK1 predicts an unfavorable outcome in several cancers and determination of SPINK1 in serum can be used to identify patients at increased risk of aggressive disease. Thus serum SPINK1 can be used as a prognostic tumor marker. Because SPINK1 acts as a growth factor and an inhibitor of apoptosis in some cancers, it has also been suggested that it can be a therapeutic target in cancer. However, because SPINK1 is the major physiological inhibitor of trypsin, inhibition of SPINK1 may increase the risk of pancreatitis.

Taking into account the many functions of SPINK1, assessing the role of SPINK1 in cancer has several potentially important clinical applications ranging from a biomarker to a potential new target for cancer therapy.
DISCUSSÃO E TECNICAS DE ENSINO EM GRUPO: FERRAMENTAS DE APRENDIZAGEM NO ENSINO DO DIREITO
Authors: Ladeira de Oliveira Cláudio , Tenfen Silva Larissa
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a importância da discussão e do ensino em grupo como ferramentas de aprendizagem no curso de Direito. Para realização do trabalho, utiliza-se do método bibliográfico, com consultas em fontes secundárias. Desde já fica pontuado que a técnica de discussão é um eficaz instrumento no fomento das várias habilidades e competências necessárias aos alunos nos cursos de Direito, tal como exigido pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos de Direito, como também contribui para uma aula muita mais animada, participativa e instigante.
OS SERVIÇOS DE INTERESSE ECONÔMICO GERAL (SIEG) NO DIREITO COMUNITÁRIO EUROPEU
Authors: Quevedo do Amaral Marcelo
Published: December 2015

O processo de integração da Comunidade Europeia constituiu um sistema de defesa da concorrência priorizando sua função instrumental de harmonização e integração dos mercados e sistemas jurídicos dos Estados-membros. Por decorrência, o Direito Comunitário desenvolveu a noção de serviço de interesse geral e serviço econômico de interesse geral – SIEG, justamente com a função de mediar os efeitos da liberalização econômica e da abertura à concorrência com os objetivos comunitários de proteção ao interesse geral, público e social. Assim, a experiência do Direito Comunitário, em face de inúmeras semelhanças de objetivos e condições socioeconômicas observadas em relação ao Brasil, pode ser de grande valia na constituição de novos instrumentos de prestação de políticas públicas, no aperfeiçoamento do sistema jurídico existente e, inclusive, na interpretação e resolução de questões controvertidas que envolvem o tema.
O FEDERALISMO EM PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA UMA ADEQUADA COMPREENSÃO DO FEDERALISMO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Santos Rammê Rogério
Published: December 2015

Este artigo objetiva, à luz de um estudo comparado sobre dois modelos institucionais de federalismo, o modelo competitivo ou dual, típico do sistema federativo norte-americano, e o modelo cooperativo, típico do sistema federativo alemão, lançar novos ares de compreensão acerca dos problemas que atingem o sistema federativo brasileiro. Adotou-se o método dialético de abordagem, a partir de aportes doutrinários. Dessa forma, foi possível verificar que, no caso do Brasil, a cooperação federativa se mostra um caminho que se bem desenvolvido, mediante adequadas técnicas de cooperação entre os entes federativos, se apresenta como a alternativa mais apta ao desenvolvimento nacional, regional e local.
LEIS BRASILEIRAS E ATUAÇÃO DOS TRIBUNAIS QUANTO À POSSIBILIDADE DE INDENIZAÇÃO CONTRA DANOS À PRIVACIDADE DO INDIVÍDUO
Authors: De Castro André Giovane , De Oliveira Fornasier Mateus
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo científico busca analisar a forma como o direito à privacidade, integrante dos direitos da personalidade, encontra-se inserido no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Com o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988, os sujeitos receberam atenção especial e, em virtude disso, surge a necessidade de refletir sobre o modo como o sistema judiciário está atendendo às demandas. A partir do método hipotético-dedutivo, com pesquisa doutrinária e jurisprudencial, compreende-se que uma era dominada pela informação merece reflexão acerca do limite de informar e a discussão entre o conflito de liberdade de expressão e privacidade, ambos direitos constitucionais, onde nota-se que os julgadores tendem a priorizar o respeito ao indivíduo. Objetiva-se, pois, constatar a atuação dos tribunais nas causas que versam sobre essa matéria, bem como analisar os textos legais que regulam o direito à privacidade.
Private education supply in disadvantaged areas of the City of Buenos Aires and ‘low-fee private schooling’: Comparisons, contexts and implications
Authors: Moschetti Mauro Carlos
Published: December 2015

Recent studies have revealed an increase in the enrollment of students coming from vulnerable social sectors in private primary schools in the City of Buenos Aires. To date, the phenomenon of ‘private education for the poor’ has been principally studied in Asian and African countries, where the deficit of state educational supply has given rise to a multiplicity of private education undertakings of diverse nature. Using official statistical data, this article explores and describes the structure of private education supply in areas of low socioeconomic status in Buenos Aires and assesses the extent to which the category of low-fee private school (LFPS) contributes to understanding this phenomenon. Our analysis reveals a great heterogeneity in this sector of private education in Buenos Aires with regard to financing structures, monthly fees, and the legal forms in which schools operate. We also find the presence of a significant religious component. We suggest the possibility that private provision has helped to mitigate coverage imbalances at a 'micro-local' level in some of the studied areas. Our comparative approach evidences that the notion of LFPS provides a more normative than descriptive view, limiting the perception of a phenomenon that is actually much broader, multifaceted and dynamic.
National Culture, Economy, and Customer Lifetime Value: Assessing the Relative Impact of the Drivers of Customer Lifetime Value for a Global Retailer
Authors: Kumar V. , Pansari Anita
Published: December 2015

Customer lifetime value (CLV), a metric used in many industries, is based on the cumulated cash flow a customer accrues during his or her lifetime. Firms have used CLV as a basis for formulating and implementing customer-specific strategies; however, these can vary across countries because of each country's cultural and economic influences. Typically, CLV is computed with three components: purchase frequency, contribution margin, and marketing costs. In this study, the authors demonstrate that national cultural dimensions affect the drivers of purchase frequency and contribution margin and that economic factors influence the components of CLV directly. They use customer-level transaction data from a global retailer for a random sample of customers in 30 representative countries over a six-year period. They estimate the model using a seemingly unrelated regression approach while accounting for the heterogeneity of customers across countries and the endogeneity of marketing costs incurred by the firm. The results indicate that global retailers should pay attention to the dimensions of national culture and economic conditions because of their differential impact on CLV.
Characterizations of symmetric cones by means of the basic relative invariants of homogeneous cones
Authors: Nakashima Hideto
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a homogeneous cone Ω to be symmetric in two ways. One is by using the multiplier matrix of Ω, and the other is in terms of the basic relative invariants of Ω. In the latter approach, we need to show that the real parts of certain meromorphic rational functions obtained by the basic relative invariants are always positive on the tube domains over Ω. This is a generalization of a result of Ishi and Nomura [Math. Z. 259 (2008), 604–674].
Circulating endothelial-derived apoptotic microparticles and insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Berezin Alexander E. , Kremzer Alexander A. , Cammarota Giovanni , Zulli Anthony , Petrovic Daniel , Martell-Claros Nieves , Sabo Jan , Kruzliak Peter
Published: December 2015

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and apoptotic endothelial-derived microparticles (EMPs) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods: The study involved 300 CHF patients (186 males) aged 48–62 years with angiographically proven coronary artery disease and/or previously defined myocardial infarction. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). EMPs phenotype was determined by flow cytofluorometry.

Results: Depending on HOMA-IR cut-off point (over and <2.77 mmol/L×μU/mL) all patients were divided into two cohorts with (n=171) or without (n=129) IR, respectively. Circulating EMPs were higher in CHF patients with IR than in patients without IR. Interestingly, EMPs were directly related to NYHA functional class of CHF, HOMA-IR, NT-pro-BNP, hs-CRP and BMI. There was a significant association between the level of EMPs and HbA1c, gender (r=0.318, p<0.001 for male), age and smoking. On univariate and multivariate regression analysis we found that the NYHA class of CHF,NT-pro-BNP, hs-CRP, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) appeared to be independent predictors of increased circulatory apoptotic EMPs. The addition of HOMA-IR to the standard model (NYHA class CHF) improved the relative IDI by 19.9% for increased EMPs. For category-free NRI, 10% of events and 24% of non-events were correctly reclassified by the addition of HOMA-IR to the standard model for increased circulating EMPs.

Conclusions: IR may be a contributing factor increasing circulating levels of apoptotic EMPs in non-diabetic CHF patients.
Performance criteria and quality indicators for the post-analytical phase
Authors: Sciacovelli Laura , Aita Ada , Padoan Andrea , Pelloso Michela , Antonelli Giorgia , Piva Elisa , Chiozza Maria Laura , Plebani Mario
Published: December 2015

Background: Quality indicators (QIs) used as performance measurements are an effective tool in accurately estimating quality, identifying problems that may need to be addressed, and monitoring the processes over time. In Laboratory Medicine, QIs should cover all steps of the testing process, as error studies have confirmed that most errors occur in the pre- and post-analytical phase of testing. Aim of the present study is to provide preliminary results on QIs and related performance criteria in the post-analytical phase.

Methods: This work was conducted according to a previously described study design based on the voluntary participation of clinical laboratories in the project on QIs of the Working Group “Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety” (WG-LEPS) of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC).

Results: Overall, data collected highlighted an improvement or stability in performances over time for all reported indicators thus demonstrating that the use of QIs is effective in the quality improvement strategy. Moreover, QIs data are an important source for defining the state-of-the-art concerning the error rate in the total testing process. The definition of performance specifications based on the state-of-the-art, as suggested by consensus documents, is a valuable benchmark point in evaluating the performance of each laboratory.

Conclusions: Laboratory tests play a relevant role in the monitoring and evaluation of the efficacy of patient outcome thus assisting clinicians in decision-making. Laboratory performance evaluation is therefore crucial to providing patients with safe, effective and efficient care.
Mollification in Strongly Lipschitz Domains with Application to Continuous and Discrete De Rham Complexes
Authors: Ern Alexandre , Guermond Jean-Luc
Published: December 2015

We construct mollification operators in strongly
Lipschitz domains that do not invoke non-trivial extensions, are
Lp
stable for any real number

p
∈
[
1
,
∞
]

${p\in [1,\infty ]}$

, and commute with the differential operators ∇,

∇
×

${\nabla {\times }}$

, and

∇
·

${\nabla {\cdot }}$

. We also construct mollification operators
satisfying boundary conditions and use them to characterize the
kernel of traces related to the tangential and normal trace of
vector fields. We use the mollification operators to build
projection operators onto general H
1-,

H
(
curl
)

${{H}(\mathrm {curl})}$

- and

H
(
div
)

${{H}(\mathrm {div})}$

-conforming
finite element spaces, with and without
homogeneous boundary conditions. These operators commute with the
differential operators ∇,

∇
×

${\nabla {\times }}$

, and

∇
·

${\nabla {\cdot }}$

, are Lp
-stable, and have optimal approximation
properties on smooth functions.