bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malocclusion in deciduous dentition of Saudi children: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zakirulla M
Published: November 2012

Background: Occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition vary among populations and ethnic groups. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to record various primary dentition parameters in 700 Saudi children, 2-6 year-old, was divided into 4 age groups and was randomly selected to observe the differences between the age groups. Results: 55.6% of the children had a 'flush terminal plane' molar relationship. The proportion of children with distalstep molar relationship was significantly lower 23 (3.2%). The degree of overbite was significantly less in the 5-year-olds than in the 3-year-olds. The majority of the children (80.7%) had spaced dentition. The prevalence of anterior cross bite was 0.7% and of open bite was 0.3%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12608 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct12
Bilateral Acoustic Neuroma with underlying Neurofibromatosis Type 2: A Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Mohamad Irfan , Alias Azila , Daud Mohd Khairi M
Published: November 2012

The presence of bilateral acoustic neuroma may require modification of the usual therapeutic protocol. Preservation of hearing and total removal of the tumour is much more difficult than in sporadic unilateral lesion. This case illustrates the management of a girl with bilateral acoustic neuroma with underlying neurofibromatosis type 2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12609 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct12
A rare case of left lung agenesis in a female teenager.
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Md Ankan , Saha Debabrata , Saha Kaushik , Jash Debraj , Maji Arnab , Banerjee Arpita
Published: November 2012

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. History of recurrent chest infection in first year of life is the presenting symptom although patient may be asymptomatic and detected on routine chest x-ray. Our patient presented with recurrent chest infections since childhood. CT scan thorax revealed absence of lung tissue on left side with mediastinal shifting and herniation of right lung to left side. Pulmonary angiography confirmed the diagnosis of left lung agenesis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12610 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct12
A Rare Fracture of The Mandible
Authors: Sulabha AN , Sameer AC , Warad NM
Published: November 2012

Maxillofacial traumas are common and mandible is most frequently fractured bone in the lower third of face. Here we report a rare horizontal fracture of mandible from right molar to left molar. Fracture was adequately reduced and fixed with two holed miniplates. The possible mechanism of such an unusual fracture is discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12611 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct12
Child with Mediastinal cavernous lymphangioma
Authors: Adedin Naffisa , Shahriar Abdullah , Sultana Jafreen , Rahman Nayeema , Ghafoor Nusrat
Published: November 2012

Mediastinal cavernous lymphangioma is a benign rare lesion originating from lymphatic system. It is usually asymptomatic. We have presented a 2 year old male child with fever for seven days. Opacity was found in chest X-ray in the upper part of right hemithorax, merged with the mediastinum.CT scan of chest was performed, which revealed a large, lobulated, smoothly marginated non-enhancing, low density, mediastinal mass, involving right half, extending from root of neck. Finally, pathological examination of the surgical sample indicated ?Cavernous lymphangioma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12612 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct12
Efficacy of silicone as a dowel impression material
Authors: Howlader Tariq Hasan , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Sultana Alia
Published: November 2012

Background: Different types of impression materials and different procedures or methods have been introduced in Dentistry for preparing dowel crown.Materials and Methods: Injection technique with silicone impression materials are being extensively used by the materials to get an accurate impression. But whether this material neither ensures similar accuracy nor produces absolute accuracy. This study evaluate silicone impression material was efficient enough to produce nearest to actual intraradicular surface reproduction by assessing the void formation and dimensional accuracy.Conclusion: By assessing all the parameters the silicone impression material was proved to be the efficient for intraradicular surface reproduction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12614 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct12
Using the Gravity Model to Estimate the Spatial Spread of Vector-Borne Diseases
Authors: Barrios José , Verstraeten Willem , Maes Piet , Aerts Jean-Marie , Farifteh Jamshid , Coppin Pol
Published: November 2012

The gravity models are commonly used spatial interaction models. They have been widely applied in a large set of domains dealing with interactions amongst spatial entities. The spread of vector-borne diseases is also related to the intensity of interaction between spatial entities, namely, the physical habitat of pathogens’ vectors and/or hosts, and urban areas, thus humans. This study implements the concept behind gravity models in the spatial spread of two vector-borne diseases, nephropathia epidemica and Lyme borreliosis, based on current knowledge on the transmission mechanism of these diseases. Two sources of information on vegetated systems were tested: the CORINE land cover map and MODIS NDVI. The size of vegetated areas near urban centers and a local indicator of occupation-related exposure were found significant predictors of disease risk. Both the land cover map and the space-borne dataset were suited yet not equivalent input sources to locate and measure vegetated areas of importance for disease spread. The overall results point at the compatibility of the gravity model concept and the spatial spread of vector-borne diseases.
Rosmarinic Acid from Eelgrass Shows Nematicidal and Antibacterial Activities against Pine Wood Nematode and Its Carrying Bacteria
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Pan Xueru , Han Yi , Guo Daosen , Guo Qunqun , Li Ronggui
Published: November 2012

Pine wilt disease (PWD), a destructive disease for pine trees, is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and additional bacteria. In this study, extracts of Zostera marina showed a high nematicidal activity against PWN and some of the bacteria that it carries. Light yellow crystals were obtained from extracts of Z. marina through solvent extraction, followed by chromatography on AB-8 resin and crystallization. The NMR and HPLC analysis showed that the isolated compound was rosmarinic acid (RosA). RosA showed effective nematicidal activity, of which the LC50 (50% lethal concentration) to PWN at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h was 1.18 mg/g, 1.05 mg/g and 0.95 mg/g, respectively. To get a high yield rate of RosA from Z. marina, single factor experiments and an L9 (34) orthogonal experiment were performed. This extraction process involved 70% ethanol for 3 h at 40 °C. The extraction dosage was 1:50 (w/v). The highest yield of RosA from Zostera was 3.13 mg/g DW (dried weight). The crude extracts of Zostera marina (10 mg/mL) and RosA (1 mg/mL) also showed inhibitory effects to some bacterial strains carried by PWN: Klebsiella sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Streptomyces sp. and Pantoea agglomerans. The results of these studies provide clues for preparing pesticide to control PWD from Z. marina.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Liriope Platyphylla Water Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Mouse Macrophage
Authors: Kim Hye , Lee Ji , Han Hyo-Sang , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Hyun , Kim Yoon-Sang , Kim Hyung , Ko Seong-Gyu , An Hyo-Jin , Lee Young-Jong , Park Wansu
Published: November 2012

The tuber of Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang (Liliaceae), also known as Liriopis tuber, is famous in Oriental medicine owing to its tonic, antitussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic properties. In the present study, the effects of Liriopis tuber water extract (LP) on proinflammatory mediators secreted from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cultured RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were investigated. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and intracellular calcium release were measured after 24 h incubation. Various cytokines and nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB and CREB) of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 were measured by a multiplex bead array assay based on xMAP technology. LP (up to 200 μg/mL) significantly decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, interferon-inducible protein-10, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, platelet derived growth factor, PGE2, intracellular calcium, NF-κB and CREB in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). The results suggest that LP has immunomodulatory activity to reduce excessive immune reactions during the activation of macrophages by LPS. Further studies are needed to verify the precise mechanism regulating immunomodulatory activities of LP.
From author to reviewer to editor: Negotiating the claim in a scientific article
Authors: Birch-Becaas Susan
Published: November 2012

Cette étude porte sur les problèmes auxquels les chercheurs francophones doivent faire face lors de la rédaction en langue anglaise. Nous visons à démontrer les difficultés que l'anglais suscite en tant que langue de publication et langue de culture. Ainsi, nous étudions les réactions des reviewers face aux articles de non-anglophones: leurs critères, conseils et les exigences éditoriales, afin de nous pencher sur le processus de négociation entre l'auteur et le comité de rédaction lors des dernières révisions.
Genre analysis of article introductions in economics
Authors: Lakic Igor
Published: November 2012

L’analyse de genre est une nouvelle approche de l’analyse du discours et du texte en anglais de spécialité. Il est maintenant établi qu’il existe des modèles rhétoriques communs de l’expression écrite en langue spécialisée. C’est pourquoi l’analyse de genre joue un rôle important dans le développement des compétences de lecture et d’écriture. À partir des principes de base de l’analyse de genre énoncés ici et en nous référant à l’analyse de 80 introductions d’articles de recherche en économie, nous en présentons le modèle à quatre temps. Nous évoquons ensuite brièvement quelques répercussions de l’analyse de genre dans le domaine pédagogique.
An optimized multi-proxy, multi-site Antarctic ice and gas orbital chronology (AICC2012): 120–800 ka
Authors: Bazin L. , Landais A. , Lemieux-Dudon B. , Toyé Mahamadou Kele H. , Veres D. , Parrenin F. , Martinerie P. , Ritz C. , Capron E. , Lipenkov V. , Loutre M.-F. , Raynaud D. , Vinther B. , Svensson A. , Rasmussen S. O. , Severi M. , Blunier T. , Leuenberger M. , Fischer H. , Masson-Delmotte V. , Chappellaz J. , Wolff E.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. An accurate and coherent chronological framework is essential for the interpretation of climatic and environmental records obtained from deep polar ice cores. Until now, one common ice core age scale has been developed based on an inverse dating method (Datice) combining glaciological modelling with absolute and stratigraphic markers between 4 ice cores covering the last 50 ka (thousand of years before present) (Lemieux-Dudon et al., 2010). In this paper, together with the companion paper of Veres et al. (2012), we present an extension of this work back to 800 ka for the NGRIP, TALDICE, EDML, Vostok and EDC ice cores using an improved version of the Datice tool. The AICC2012 (Antarctic Ice Core Chronology 2012) chronology includes numerous new gas and ice stratigraphic links as well as improved evaluation of background and associated variance scenarios. This paper concentrates on the long timescales between 120–800 ka. In this frame, new measurements of δ18Oatm over Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11–12 on EDC and a complete δ18Oatm record of the TALDICE ice cores permit us to derive new orbital gas age constraints. The coherency of the different orbitally deduced ages (from δ18Oatm, δO2/N2 and air content) has been verified before implementation in AICC2012. The new chronology shows only small differences, well within the original uncertainty range, when compared with the previous ice core reference age scale EDC3. For instance, the duration of the last four interglacial periods is not affected by more than 5%. The largest deviation between AICC2012 and EDC3 (4.4 ka) is obtained around MIS 12. Despite significant modifications of the chronological constraints around MIS 5, now independent of speleothem records in AICC2012, the date of Termination II is very close to the EDC3 one.
Contested technologies: The emergence of the digital liberties movement
Authors: Croeser Sky
Published: November 2012

The digital liberties movement is an emerging social movement that draws together activism around online censorship and surveillance, free/libre and open source software, and intellectual property. This paper uses the social movement literature’s framework to build an understanding of the movement, expanding the dominant framework by including a focus on the networks which sustain the movement. While other communities and movements have addressed these issues in the past, activists within the digital liberties movement are beginning to build a sense of a collective identity and a master frame that ties together these issues. They are doing this in online spaces, including blogs, and through campaigns around landmark issues, which also help to build the network which the movement relies upon. The 2012 campaign against the U.S. Stop Online Piracy Act has highlighted the movement’s strength, but will also, perhaps, raise challenges for digital liberties activists as they confront the tension between attempts to disavow politics and a profoundly political project.
Comparison of the Exeter Trauma Stem and the Thompson Hemiarthroplasty for Intracapsular Hip Fractures
Authors: Bidwai Amit S.C. , Willett Keith M.
Published: November 2012

A planned change in the prosthesis used for hip hemiarthroplasty in one orthopaedic trauma unit from the Thompson prosthesis to the Exeter Trauma Stem (ETS) was studied. We completed a prospective continuous audit study comparing outcomes for patients undergoing the procedure before (766 patients) and after (388 patients) the change of practice. Outcomes measured included surgical complications (including infection or dislocation) and a postoperative radiographic review.

There was no difference in the incidence of surgical complications between the groups, and no difference in ratings given to postoperative radiographs between both groups. In theory, the ETS may be easier to revise, should this be required in future, but in other respects the devices are comparable.
Strategies for Fabricating Nanogap Single-Crystal Organic Transistors
Authors: Alborghetti S. , Stamenov P. , Fois G. , Coey J. M. D.
Published: November 2012

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology for fabricating nanostructures where at least one dimension is smaller than 100 nm. This paper explains how single-crystal organic transistors of channel length down to just 7 nm can be fabricated without damaging the organic material. Single crystals of C60, rubrene, and pentacene have been chosen in our structures, but the same process can be used for a wide variety of organics. The method combines high-resolution electron-beam lithography and vacuum device assembly with piezo manipulators. As modern devices are typically designed with short semiconducting channel length, this type of fabrication methods allows downscaling of organic electronic devices for research purposes.
Expression of Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Survivin in Psoriasis
Authors: Gunduz Kamer , Temiz Peyker , Gencoglan Gulsum , Inanir Isil , Catalkaya Arzu
Published: November 2012

Background and Objective. Suppression of apoptosis has been proposed as a mechanism responsible for epidermal thickness in psoriasis. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the transcriptional factors that regulate many genes affecting apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine survivin and NF-κB expressions in psoriasis in comparison with normal epidermis. Patients and Methods. Immunohistochemical expressions of survivin and NF-κB were investigated in 41 psoriatic and 21 normal skin samples. Results. Diffuse nuclear survivin expression in all epidermal layers was seen in all of the psoriatic samples. NF-κB expression in different epidermal locations was seen in all of the psoriatic samples. Nuclear staining was positive in 40 psoriasis samples. Similar survivin and NF-κB expressions were observed in normal skin samples. Conclusion. Since similar expressions are seen in both normal and psoriatic epidermis, no important roles for survivin and NF-κB can be attributed in epidermal proliferation and thickness seen in psoriasis.
Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oil from Coriandrum sativum Seeds against Tribolium confusum and Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Khani Abbas , Rahdari Tahere
Published: November 2012

The biological activity of essential oil extracted from coriander, Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae), seeds against adults of Tribolium confusum Duval (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Fumigant toxicity was assessed at 27±1°C and 65±5% R.H., in dark condition. Dry seeds of the plant were subject to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The predominant components in the oil were linalool (57.57%) and geranyl acetate (15.09%). The mortality of 1–7-day-old adults of the insect pests increased with concentration from 43 to 357 μL/L air and with exposure time from 3 to 24 h. In the probit analysis, LC50 values (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) showed that C. maculatus (LC50 = 1.34 μL/L air) was more susceptible than T. confusum (LC50 = 318.02 μL/L air) to seed essential oil of this plant. The essential oil of C. sativum can play an important role in stored grain protection and reduce the risks associated with the use of synthetic insecticides.
First Reproductive Observations for Herpele Peters, 1880 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Herpelidae): Evidence of Extended Parental Care and Maternal Dermatophagy in H. squalostoma (Stutchbury, 1836)
Authors: Kouete Marcel T. , Wilkinson Mark , Gower David J.
Published: November 2012

An adult (presumably female) Herpele squalostoma was found attending 16 young in Cameroon. Four young that were preserved one day after collection have multicusped teeth and skin-like material in their gut. The adult and remaining young were maintained in captivity without provision of food for one month. During this period the young gained more than 10% in mass. Twenty-nine days after collection one additional young was preserved, this has adult-like dentition. We conclude that H. squalostoma resembles the oviparous caecilians Boulengerula taitanus and Siphonops annulatus in having young that receive extended parental care and that remove and eat the stratum corneum of maternal skin using specialized deciduous teeth. This discovery matches a prediction that maternal dermatophagy is widespread (and homologous) among teresomatan caecilians.
African Ancestry Is a Predictor Factor to Secondary Progression in Clinical Course of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ferreira Vasconcelos Claudia Cristina , Cruz dos Santos Gutemberg Augusto , Thuler Luiz Claudio , Camargo Solange Maria , Papais Alvarenga Regina Maria
Published: November 2012

Background. Studies on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis have indicated that certain initial clinical factors are predictive of disease progression. Regions with a low prevalence for disease, which have environmental and genetic factors that differ from areas of high prevalence, lack studies on the progressive course and disabling characteristics of the disease. Objective. To analyse the long-term evolution to the progressive phase of the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and its prognosis factors in mixed population. Methods. We performed a survival study and logistic regression to examine the influence of demographic and initial clinical factors on disease progression. Among 553 relapsing-remitting patients assisted at a Brazilian reference centre for multiple sclerosis, we reviewed the medical records of 150 patients who had a disease for ten or more years. Results. African ancestry was a factor that conferred more risk for secondary progression followed by age at the onset of the disease and the number of relapses in the year after diagnosis. A greater understanding of the influence of ancestry on prognosis serves to stimulate genetics and pharmacogenomics research and may clarify the poorly understood neurodegenerative progression of MS.
Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning in a Postmenopausal Woman with Chronic Liver Disease, Malignancy, and Recent Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Covell Dustin , Clendenen Nathan
Published: November 2012

Transient left ventricular apical ballooning (TLVAB), or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, is a poorly understood phenomenon that is thought to be related to a surge of catecholamines under stress conditions that causes microvascular dysfunction and a unique pattern of myocardial stunning. TLVAB occurs in two distinct patient populations: (i) community presentation similar to acute coronary syndrome and (ii) the critically ill. Understanding the differences in presentation, prognosis and management between these two groups may improve the outcome. We present a case of TLVAB developing in a Caucasian postmenopausal female who developed TLVAB suddenly on a background of chronic liver disease, malignancy, and recent ischemic stroke. The patient presented with hemodynamic collapse and was treated with inotropes, vasopressors, and supportive care until cardiac function improved. Additionally, we review the current literature describing the risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of TLVAB.
The Rate of Strong Consistency of the Nearest Neighbor Density Estimator for Negatively Dependent Random Variables
Authors: Zeng Xiang , Wu Qunying
Published: November 2012

Let {Xn:n≥1} be a sequence of negatively dependent random variables. Based on (X1,…,Xn), in this paper we investigate the rate of pointwise consistency and strong
consistency of the nonparametric density estimator proposed by Yu. We extend the correspondent results under the negatively dependent samples.
Special Considerations for Endoscopists on PEG Indications in Older Patients
Authors: Cardin Fabrizio
Published: November 2012

Undernutrition in frail elderly people is a pathological condition that needs to be recognized and addressed early. Neurological dysphagia is among the most frequent causes of this condition in the elderly but should be considered a terminal event in Alzheimer-type dementias. Tube feeding is an important resource for facilitating metabolic recovery in cachectic patients and is particularly successful in “bridging” and stabilizing therapies prior to major treatment able to cure the patient. Clinical management of tube feeding in “incurable” conditions is complex and becomes part of the palliative care and comfort provided in the terminal stages of illness. Non-specialized physicians are often unfamiliar with the theory and practice of end-of-life interventions, and the resulting decisions are in many cases actually contrary to patient comfort. These problems deserve to be more carefully addressed when the patient is unable to cooperate or express his/her preferences and needs. The success of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy has led to increasingly frequent referrals for placement in critically ill elderly patients. Endoscopists therefore become a key figure in stimulating rational, correct treatment of these patients.
Starch Granule and Protein Accumulation during Seed Development of Ginkgo biloba L.
Authors: Jin Biao , Xie Yan , Lu Yan , Wang Di , Zhang Min , Wang Li
Published: November 2012

We investigated starch and protein formation and accumulation in the seed of Ginkgo biloba L. In the testa, starch granules and protein bodies (PBs) started to form and accumulate 30 days after pollination; they decreased in size and completely disappeared before maturity. In the endosperm, starch granules began to accumulate 45 days after pollination, and the number and size of starch granules increased gradually within 65 days after pollination. Starch granules, which were mainly produced in plastids, proliferated mainly by constricting in the center and dividing to form smaller granules. Before harvest, there were ellipsoidal or irregularly shaped types, including A-type starch granules and some B- and C-type starch granules. In addition, PBI and PBII formed mainly in the outermost cells of the endosperm. However, the starch granules and protein bodies in endosperm cells around the embryo disappeared completely. The embryo cells contained many organelles, C-type starch granules, and PBI-type protein bodies. These results suggested that the starch granules were A-, B-, and C-types, and the protein bodies were PBI- and PBII-types in G. biloba. In addition, there were many significant differences in the formation, accumulation, and types of starch granules and protein bodies among the testa, endosperm, and embryo.
Lipothymia and Syncope—Aetiology and Outcome in a Prehospital Setting: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zwisler Stine T. , Mikkelsen Søren
Published: November 2012

Background. A firm aetiology of lipothymia or syncope can be difficult to establish prehospitally. The aim of the study was to investigate patients initially assigned the diagnosis of lipothymia or syncope prehospitally and establish the aetiology of their condition either based on prehospital or in-hospital medical records. Methods. From May 1, 2006 to April 30, 2010, all patients receiving the diagnosis of lipothymia or syncope by the MECU were investigated. If admitted to hospital, the patients’ medical records were investigated to confirm the prehospital diagnosis. Results. Within 17980 MECU runs registered, 678 were assignments in which the patients were diagnosed with lipothymia or syncope (3.8%). 578 patients (85%) were admitted to hospital. 278 of the patients were discharged directly from the emergency department, while 271 were admitted to a ward. 112 patients refused treatment offered by the MECU or at the emergency department, died, or were left at the scene following treatment. 17 were lost to followup. Of all patients investigated, 299 were discharged with the diagnosis of lipothymia or syncope. 250 patients were discharged with other diagnoses. Conclusions. In 44% of the patients presenting with lipothymia or syncope, no other diagnosis was established at the hospital, and no explanatory aetiology was found.
Splitting Lemma for 2-Connected Graphs
Authors: Borse Y. M.
Published: November 2012

Using a splitting operation and a splitting lemma for connected graphs, Fleischner
characterized connected Eulerian graphs. In this paper, we obtain a splitting lemma for 2-connected graphs and characterize 2-connected Eulerian graphs. As a consequence, we characterize connected graphic Eulerian matroids.
Effect of Pulsatile Flow Waveform and Womersley Number on the Flow in Stenosed Arterial Geometry
Authors: Banerjee Moloy Kumar , Ganguly Ranjan , Datta Amitava
Published: November 2012

The salient hemodynamic flow features in a stenosed artery depend not only on the degree of stenosis, but also on its location in the circulatory system and the physiological condition of the body. The nature of pulsatile flow waveform and local Womersley number vary in different regions of the arterial system and at different physiological state, which affects the local hemodynamic wall parameters, for example, the wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI). Herein, we have numerically investigated the effects of different waveforms and Womersley numbers on the flow pattern and hemodynamic parameters in an axisymmetric stenosed arterial geometry with 50% diametral occlusion. Temporal evolution of the streamlines and hemodynamic parameters are investigated, and the time-averaged hemodynamic wall parameters are compared. Presence of the stenosis is found to increase the OSI of the flow even at the far-downstream side of the artery. At larger Womersley numbers, the instantaneous flow field in the stenosed region is found to have a stronger influence on the flow profiles of the previous time levels. The study delineates how an approximation in the assumption of inlet pulsatility profile may lead to significantly different prediction of hemodynamic wall parameters.
The Performance of Different Boundary-Layer Parameterisations in Meteorological Modelling in a Southwestern Coastal Area of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Hernández-Ceballos M. A. , Adame J. A. , Bolivar J. P. , De la Morena B. A.
Published: November 2012

The performance of four atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) schemes in reproducing the diurnal cycles of surface meteorological parameters as well as the ABL structure and depth over a coastal area of southwestern Iberia was assessed using the mesoscale meteorological Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The standard configuration of the medium-range forecast (MRF) and the Yonsei University (YSU) ABL schemes were employed. Modified versions of each, in which the values of the bulk critical Richardson number () and the coefficient of proportionality () were varied, were also used. The results were compared to meteorological measurements representative of SW-NW and NE synoptic flows. The WRF model in its basic configuration was found to yield satisfactory forecasting results for nearly all near-surface atmospheric variables. Modifications in and did not influence the simulation of surface meteorological parameters. Both parameterisations appeared to be optimal predictors of ABL structure, and all four ABL schemes tended to produce a cold ABL during both periods, although this ABL was drier in the SW-NW flow season and wetter in the NE flow season. Considering all the parameters analysed, the MRF ABL parameterisation with the lowest values of and coefficients tested (0.25 and 0.0, resp.) tends to show a realistic simulation.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates MCP-1 Secretion from C2C12 Myoblast
Authors: Tsukahara Tamotsu , Haniu Hisao
Published: November 2012

Chemokines are regulatory proteins that play an important role in muscle cell migration and proliferation. In this study, C2C12 cells treated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) showed an increase in endogenous monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression and secretion. LPA is a naturally occurring bioactive lysophospholipid with hormone- and growth-factor-like activities. LPA is produced by activated platelets, cytokine-stimulated leukocytes, and possibly by other cell types. However, the LPA analog cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) had no effect on the expression and secretion of MCP-1. LPA, although similar in structure to cPA, had potent inducing effects on MCP-1 expression in C2C12 cells. In this study, we showed that LPA enhanced MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that LPA enhances MCP-1 secretion in C2C12 cells and thus may play an important role in cell proliferation.
Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) wood hygroscopic properties and dimensional stability
Authors: Leal S. , Sousa V. B , Pereira H.
Published: November 2012

Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) wood has a potential for high value uses because of its strength and aesthetic properties but one obstacle is the lack of knowledge of the wood-water relations. Variations in wood equilibrium moisture content, density and dimensions were studied at air temperatures of 22°C and 27°C (representing acclimatized homes and summer non-acclimatized homes, respectively) varying from 80% to 30% of relative humidity. For indoor uses (22-27°C, 50-65% of relative humidity), the wood equilibrium moisture content ranged 12-17% and these values are recommended for the final commercial drying of cork oak wood. The fibre saturation point averaged 27%. Total volumetric shrinkage at 22°C-27°C averaged 12%, the linear shrinkage 8.1-8.5% and 3.6-3.6%, respectively in tangential and radial directions. Anisotropy averaged 2.3. Wood density at 12% moisture content ranged 0.63 to 0.67 g/cm3. The higroscopicity obtained was 0.003. The average tangential differential shrinkage was 0.32 for both temperatures and the average radial differential shrinkage was 0.14 and 0.15, at 22°C and 27°C respectively. The shrinkage factor was 0.90 cm3/g and 0.82 cm3/g, at 22°C and 27°C respectively. Differences between temperatures were only statistically significant at 80-70% of relative humidity.
Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations on leaf carbon assimilation in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings under natural conditions
Authors: Aranda I. , Rodríguez-Calcerrada J. , Robson T.M. , Cano F.J. , Alté L. , Sánchez-Gómez D.
Published: November 2012

Limitations to diffusion and biochemical factors affecting leaf carbon uptake were analyzed in young beech seedlings (Fagus sylvtica L.) growing in natural gaps of a beech-wood at the southern limit of the species. Half of the seedlings received periodic watering in addition to natural rainfall to reduce the severity of the summer drought. Plant water status was evaluated by measuring predawn water potential. Basic biochemical parameters were inferred from chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis-CO2 curves (A-Cc) under saturating light. The curves were established on three dates during the summer months. The main variables studied included: stomatal and mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gs and gm respectively), maximum velocity of carboxylation (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport capacity (Jmax). The gm was estimated by two methodologies: the curve-fitting and J constant methosds. Seedlings withstood moderate water stress, as the leaf predawn water potential (Ψpd) measured during the study was within the range –0.2 to –0.5 MPa. Mild drought caused gs and gm to decrease only slightly in response to Ψpd. However both diffusional parameters explained most of the limitations to CO2 uptake. In addition, it should be highlighted that biochemical limitations, prompted by Vcmax and Jmax, were related mainly to ontogenic factors, without any clear relationship with drought under the moderate water stress experienced by beech seedlings through the study. The results may help to further understanding of the functional mechanisms influencing the carbon fixation capacity of beech seedlings under natural conditions.
Membrane Transporters as Mediators of Cisplatin Effects and Side Effects
Authors: Ciarimboli Giuliano
Published: November 2012

Transporters are important mediators of specific cellular uptake and thus, not only for effects, but also for side effects, metabolism, and excretion of many drugs such as cisplatin. Cisplatin is a potent cytostatic drug, whose use is limited by its severe acute and chronic nephro-, oto-, and peripheral neurotoxicity. For this reason, other platinum derivatives, such as carboplatin and oxaliplatin, with less toxicity but still with antitumoral action have been developed. Several transporters, which are expressed on the cell membranes, have been associated with cisplatin transport across the plasma membrane and across the cell: the copper transporter 1 (Ctr1), the copper transporter 2 (Ctr2), the P-type copper-transporting ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B, the organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), and the multidrug extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1). Some of these transporters are also able to accept other platinum derivatives as substrate. Since membrane transporters display a specific tissue distribution, they can be important molecules that mediate the entry of platinum derivatives in target and also nontarget cells possibly mediating specific effects and side effects of the chemotherapeutic drug. This paper summarizes the literature on toxicities of cisplatin compared to that of carboplatin and oxaliplatin and the interaction of these platinum derivatives with membrane transporters.
Direct Acting Antivirals for the Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Karayiannis Peter
Published: November 2012

The development and evaluation of antiviral agents through carefully designed clinical trials over the last 25 years have heralded a new dawn in the treatment of patients chronically infected with the hepatitis B and C viruses, but not so for the D virus (HBV, HCV, and HDV). The introduction of direct acting antivirals (DDAs) for the treatment of HBV carriers has permitted the long-term use of these compounds for the continuous suppression of viral replication, whilst in the case of HCV in combination with the standard of care [SOC, pegylated interferon (PegIFN), and ribavirin] sustained virological responses (SVRs) have been achieved with increasing frequency. Progress in the case of HDV has been slow and lacking in significant breakthroughs.This paper aims to summarise the current state of play in treatment approaches for chonic viral hepatitis patients and future perspectives.
Marsupial Genome Sequences: Providing Insight into Evolution and Disease
Authors: Deakin Janine E.
Published: November 2012

Marsupials (metatherians), with their position in vertebrate phylogeny and their unique biological features, have been studied for many years by a dedicated group of researchers, but it has only been since the sequencing of the first marsupial genome that their value has been more widely recognised. We now have genome sequences for three distantly related marsupial species (the grey short-tailed opossum, the tammar wallaby, and Tasmanian devil), with the promise of many more genomes to be sequenced in the near future, making this a particularly exciting time in marsupial genomics. The emergence of a transmissible cancer, which is obliterating the Tasmanian devil population, has increased the importance of obtaining and analysing marsupial genome sequence for understanding such diseases as well as for conservation efforts. In addition, these genome sequences have facilitated studies aimed at answering questions regarding gene and genome evolution and provided insight into the evolution of epigenetic mechanisms. Here I highlight the major advances in our understanding of evolution and disease, facilitated by marsupial genome projects, and speculate on the future contributions to be made by such sequences.
Infertility in Men with Spinal Cord Injury: Research and Treatment
Authors: Brackett Nancy L.
Published: November 2012

Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs most often to young men. Following SCI, most men are infertile due to a combination of erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction and semen abnormalities. Erectile dysfunction may be treated by the same therapies that are used in the general population. Similarly, the same treatments that are effective to assist conception in couples with non-SCI male factor patients are effective in assisting conception in SCI male-factor patients. The most apparent differences in male-factor symptoms between SCI and non-SCI patients are the high occurrences of anejaculation and atypical semen profiles in men with SCI. Methods available to assist ejaculation in men with SCI include penile vibratory stimulation and EEJ. Use of surgical sperm retrieval as the first line of treatment for anejaculation in men with SCI is controversial. Most men with SCI have a unique semen profile characterized by normal sperm concentration, but abnormally low sperm motility. Toxic substances in the semen contribute to this problem. Despite impaired sperm parameters, pregnancy outcomes using sperm from men with SCI are similar to pregnancy outcomes using sperm from non-SCI men. Future studies should focus on improving natural ejaculation and improving semen quality in these men.
Raça, gênero e classe nos media
Authors: Cordeiro Marta Maria Lopes
Published: November 2012

A valorização do corpo na contemporaneidade teve início na Modernidade, por meio da responsabilização do indivíduo por si como cidadão. No entanto, e de acordo com a organização social moderna e o seu projeto de ordenação do real, o corpo moderno encontra-se determinado pelas categorias de gênero, raça e classe, que estabelecem limites às possibilidades efetivas de escolha por parte dos indivíduos. Atualmente e apesar da diluição dessas categorias e da valorização efetiva das opções individuais, fruto da emergência da sociedade de massas, continua a verificar-se a existência de estereótipos de gênero, raça e classe nas representações dos media, cujo alcance é determinante como modelo que guia os indivíduos na construção dos seus corpos. A figura do cyborg, como descrita por Donna Haraway no Manifesto Cyborg, surge como utopia política que mescla realidade e ficção, e cuja argumentação é a de fazer terminar qualquer distinção e categoria, abolindo a sociedade regida pelo homem ocidental.
Os fluxos de comunicação do Corpo de Bombeiros: estudo de caso no interior do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Alves Juliano Nunes , Bastide Marcos Vinicius Lopes , Klein Leander Luiz
Published: November 2012

Este estudo constitui uma análise da percepção dos colaboradores em relação aos fluxos de comunicação interna numa organização pública, em que procurou-se verificar os pontos positivos e negativos na comunicação em instituições públicas, principalmente o caso do Corpo de Bombeiros. A pesquisa do tipo exploratório-descritiva foi desenvolvida no Corpo de Bombeiros de Santa Maria, interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Na coleta de dados, foram realizadas sete entrevistas com servidores da unidade, e foram examinadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. A partir da análise e interpretação dos dados, verificou-se que a organização não utiliza qualquer instrumento de avaliação ou controle da comunicação interna.Os fluxos de comunicação são deficientes a ponto de o servidor ser amparado apenas nos seus documentos formais e na burocracia, portanto não faz da comunicação uma ferramenta de gestão e não tem um fluxo contínuo e adequado. As falhas na comunicação incidem no retrabalho, no desperdício de recursos públicos, bem como no aumento do tempo para prestação dos serviços.
Vitreous Substitutes
Authors: Azad Shorya Vardhan , Mahajan Deepankur , Sain Sidharth , Jain Amit , Takkar Brijesh , Azad Rajvardhan
Published: November 2012

Vitreous humour is a gelatinous structure that not only maintains the intra ocular pressure but also plays an important role in nourishment of the eye. The search for an ideal vitreous substitute that is transparent, elastic and biocompatible like the vitreous itself is still on. Over a period of time, various compounds have been used such as balanced salt solution, air, gases, perflourocarbons liquids and silicone oil. This review article looks at various conventional and investigational vitreous substitutes in detail.
Ocular Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus – A Review
Authors: Teotia Sanjay , Rathi Anubha , Takkar Brijesh , Azad Shorya Vardhan , Mahajan Deepankur , Mehdi Manzoor
Published: November 2012

In spite of the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the industrialized world, ocular manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at some point affect 50–75% of infected persons worldwide. The spectrum of such manifestations includes infectious, vascular, neoplastic and inflammatory disorders directly or indirectly related to HIV or its treatment. For simplicity, they may be divided into Anterior, Extra ocular, Neuro ophthalmic and Posterior segment manifestation. Screening, prophylaxis, prompt diagnosis, treatment and maintenance is the key.
Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty A Retrospective Analysis in Rural Population of Central India
Authors: Prakash Ajay , Singh Pranay , Shah Rahul P , Tripathi SK
Published: November 2012

Purpose:-

To evaluate indications and outcome of Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty(TPK) in rural population of central India.

Method:-

A retrospective review of 26 eyes of 26 patients who underwent TPK between January 2010 & March 2011 was done. The patients were reviewed for age, sex, indication of surgery, details of surgery, post-operative complications, anatomical integrity, visual outcome and graft clarity.

Result:-

Out of 26 patients, 22 were males and 4 were females, age range was between 16-70 years and mean follow up period was 6 months. The most common indication for TPK was perforated corneal ulcer of fungal origin. Pre-operative visual acuity ranged from perception of light (PL+) to 3/60. Post-operative visual acuity remained same in 6 eyes (23.1%), improved to < 6/60 in 7 eyes (26.9%), and was >6/60 in 13 eyes (50.0%), of which between 6/36 to 6/9 in 3 eyes. Anatomical integrity was achieved in all eyes (100%). Graft was clear in 13 (50%) eyes on last follow-up. Primary graft failure occurred in 3(11.5%) eyes, graft infection in 4 (15.3%) eyes and acute graft rejection in 2 (7.7%) eyes. One patient had graft dehiscence and 1 had wound leak, both required re-suturing. In 1 case re-graft was done and 1 case required Amniotic membrane transplant.

Conclusion:-

Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty goes a long way by not only salvaging the eye and achieving anatomical integrity but also improves the patient's vision.
Premacular Subhyaloid Haemorrhage Drainage by Frequency-Doubled (532 nm) Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Rathore MK , Tirkey Eva , Chandravanshi Shivcharan Lal , Rahud Jainendra Shivdas , Gupta Rachhana
Published: November 2012

Aim:-

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of frequency-doubled Nd:YAG Laser hyaloidotomy in drainage of premacular subhyaloid haemorrhage of varied aetiology.

Methods:-

This was a retrospective study in which frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser was used for draining entrapped premacular subhyaloid haemorrhage of varied aetiology into the vitreous cavity in 22 eyes of 18 patients by a single surgeon over a period of one year. In this series, visual acuity improvement was defined as an improvement of three or more lines on Snellen′s visual acuity chart.

Results:-

We found best visual acuity improvement in cases of anaemic and Valsalva retinopathy and limited improvement in proliferative and non proliferative diabetic retinopathy despite successful drainage of haemorrhage. Three eyes required two sitting and four eyes required higher energy for drainage.

Conclusion:-

Frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) hyaloidotomy is a safe, simple and noninvasive procedure with a high success rate for the management of premacular subhyaloid haemorrhage. It is an effective, conservative and safer treatment modality for management of premacular subhyaloid haemorrhage.
Primary Radical Excision of Pterygium with Minimal Incidence of Recurrence
Authors: Pal Virendra K , Bhatia Karan , Agrawal Ajai , Suman S , Pratap V B
Published: November 2012

Pterygium refers to conjunctival or fibrovascular growth over the sclera and onto the cornea, it occurs most commonly in the nasal aspect of the interpalpebral exposure zone. Pathologically Pterygium is characterised by elastoid degeneration of subepithelial tissue and destruction of Bowman's membrane. Several techniques are available for the excision of Pterygium, which include the bare sclera, autograft, antimetabolites, radiation and using amniotic membranes. But the recurrence after surgical excision is a risk and recurred lesions grows more aggressively than the primary lesions. This new approach 'radical excision; removes all parts and extensions of it so there is very minimal incidence of recurrence.