bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGENALAN LITERASI MELALUI BIG BOOK DAN BERCERITA PADA PAUD MELATI DESA SENDANG KECAMATAN PURWANTORO KABUPATEN WONOGIRI
Authors: Winarsih Eni , Puspitasari Dhika , Waraulia Asri Musandi , Ayulinda Niken Utami Dyas , Pratama Galih Hindra
Published: June 2023

Bahasa adalah salah satu alat komunikasi yang harus dikuasai oleh setiap individu. Perkembangan bahasa pada setiap individu berbeda-beda, pada anak usia dini perkembangan bahasa sangat pesat. Perkembangan bahasa yang baik berhubungan dengan kemampuan literasi, baik pada awal kehidupan juga pada masa selanjutnya. Kemampuan literasi individu berhubungan dengan keberhasilan dalam kehidupan. Anak usia dini merupakan tahapan awal prasekolah dan merupakan dasar bagi pengenalan dan pemahaman dasar literasi anak. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berbahasa anak dengan berbagai cara salah satunya dengan menggunakan media Big Book dan metode bercerita. Penggunaan media bagi anak usia dini sangat penting karena menunjang keterampilan motorik bagi anak. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan metode ABCD (Asset Based Community Development). Adapun tahapan kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu pelatihan kepada guru PAUD Melati dalam penyusunan rencana pembelajaran, pemilihan media big book, dan teknik bercerita. Selain itu, tim abdimas juga melakukan observasi terhadap kemampuan berbahasa anak PAUD Melati dan melakukan tindakan berupa bercerita dengan anak-anak, dan melakukan kegiatan pengenalan literasi sejak dini. Hasil dari kegiatan ini meliputi: kemampuan berbahasa anak PAUD Melati cukup baik dan bervariasi, sebanyak 12 anak sudah dapat menggunakan kalimat lengkap berbahasa Indonesia, 11 anak belum mampu menyusun kalimat lengkap berbahasa Indonesia. Penggunaan media big book dengan bercerita dapat meningkatkan minat dan ketertarikan anak dalam proses belajar sambil bermain.
First Successful Application of Wellbore Stabilization Technology Eliminates the Need for Contingency Casing and Differential Sticking Risk While Drilling Through Carboniferous-Devonian Formations: A Case Study on an Exploratory Well in the Sub Andean Bolivian Basin
Authors: Monasterio Andrea Soruco , Soriano Victor , Cadena Ramiro , Maldonado Reinaldo , Ahmed Ramadan
Published: June 2023

The South Sub-Andean Bolivian Basin presents significant geological challenges. Carboniferous and Devonian sequences with anomalous pore pressure trends require significantly different wellbore designs. Fluid losses, absence of wellbore stability, low penetration rates, severe vibrations, wellbore tortuosity, and stuck pipe challenges are common non-productive events that can lead to costly side-tracking. This paper addresses the effective use of stabilizing technology to drill two formations with significantly different pressures in a single section.

The integrity of the well was compromised by an unexpected fault in the Devonian at 3353 m (11,000 ft) in the 12.25-inch section that replicated Carboniferous formations. The abnormal upper zone pressure was controlled with 13.5 ppg mud. However, most fluid additives were incompatible with the wellbore and destabilized it. Excessive overbalance and wellbore instability caused fluid losses and differential sticking at 3505 m (11,500 ft), resulting in a stuck pipe event with costs and schedule consequences. The mud properties were improved by introducing novel cellulosic components and slightly reducing the drilling fluid density. The improvement enabled drilling a 975 m (3200 ft) deeper sidetrack section with zero stuck pipe incidents.

Casing the troublesome section was not an option due to the limitations on the hole diameter. Consequently, a novel mud system tailored to the formation was used to stabilize the wellbore. The performance of the fluid was monitored using an HPHT filter press and permeability plugging tester at all times. No fluid losses were observed throughout the weak zone. The 12.25-inch section was drilled up to the depth of 4176 m (13,700 ft) utilizing a 13.2-ppg mud and maintaining a differential pressure of 3000 psi, avoiding a highly costly extra casing section. Two runs of wireline logs consisting of 90 static stations of 30 minutes each were conducted along 1981 m (6500 ft) of the open hole without detecting differential sticking. A 9.625-inch production casing string was run and cemented in place. The cement evaluation log obtained after 78 hours indicated good bonding and hydraulic seal, effective mud displacement, and a successful cement job.

Drilling through abnormal pressure formations was exceptionally challenging due to an unexpected Carboniferous-Devonian fault. The paper describes the first successful application of fluid stabilization technology in Bolivia where 3000 psi of overbalanced pressure was managed while achieving well objectives and ensuring the successful completion of the project.
Explosive-Free Hydromechanical Perforating Technology Alternative During Plug and Abandonment Operations, for Annulus Connectivity Between Casings, Assures Well Integrity Barriers and Prevents External Casing Damage
Authors: Rodríguez Alexis Eduardo , Garay Ruben Joaquin , Guarín Magda Liliana , Rincón Rocio Del Pilar , Duarte Alexander , Maya Diego Martín , Butcher Stuart
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the implementation of explosive-free hydromechanical perforation technology, run on pipe during plug and abandonment P&A operations, connecting the annulus between casings using blades that cut without affecting the integrity of the external casing and subsequently circulate cement slurry through the perforations in order to establish an effective transverse barrier, mitigating the risk of fluid migration from the wellbore to the external environment.

During P&A operations in some fields in Colombia, there are explosive mobilization restrictions, and it is required to perforate the casing to connect the annulus without affecting the external casing to pump a cement plug as an effective transverse barrier. According to this, an alternative to conventional perforating was planned. The hydromechanical perforating technology was implemented in 2 pilot wells with 5-1/2″ and 6-5/8″ production casing, achieving a perforated flow area necessary to circulate a cement slurry to obtain homogeneous returns on surface, and thus placing a barrier that prevents the migration of the fluid from the well to the external environment.

The implementation of the explosive-free hydromechanical perforation technology was successfully carried out in 2 wells for abandonment that had no cement close to surface in the B annulus. The result was an optimization of operational time due to the possibility of activating the tool multiple times in a single run compared with additional wireline runs until circulation on surface is verified. The jobs were performed with no HSE incidents or Not Productive Time, reducing logistics for explosive mobilizations restrictions, and eliminating explosive handling risks and the requirement of a wireline unit. The final schematic after the definitive Plug and Abandonment (P&A) includes on surface an effective cement barrier that covers the inside of the production casing and the annulus between casings, without affecting the integrity of the external casing and preventing contamination of the external environment due to well fluids migration.

The Hydromechanical Perforating Technology is a new option that provides a safer connectivity alternative that replaces explosives and, guarantees that the integrity of the external casing is not affected. Additionally, multiple activations in a single run can be performed until circulation is established to clean the annulus prior to circulating the cement slurry.
Margarita 10: Drilling Strategy of the Fastest Well in the Bolivian Sub-Andean Region
Authors: Bertarelli Mario , Buyers Gary , Barron Jorge
Published: June 2023

Repsol completed a 10-year long drilling campaign in the sub-Andean region of Bolivia the first semester of 2021 with the Margarita 10 infield well, a drilling campaign where some of the most prolific gas producers in south America were drilled. The complexity of these gas projects is well known and includes great geological uncertainty, hard rock from surface to bottom, high pressure and high temperature conditions among others.

Margarita 10 was the last well of the above-mentioned campaign and served to prove that when you combine proper planning with great execution practices, fit-for-purpose technology and artificial intelligence there is no benchmark that cannot be improved, even if it's drilled in the middle of a worldwide pandemic that greatly affected the oil and gas industry and life in general.

This paper will explain how the Margarita 10 was drilled and completed in little over six months when the standard for this type of wells was a year plus, the planning process and all the adjustments made to ensure it was a success even when all the odds were against it. The technology used and the engineering decisions behind it, the learning curve and the lessons learned from the vast experience the operator has in these fields which greatly helped managing the geological uncertainties that come with this type of plays.

Among the technologies discussed we have a 3000 HP rig specifically assembled for this project, robust downhole tools to withstand huge loads, state of the art drilling bits with novel PDC cutters design, premium casing connection, liner and wellbore isolation technology. Special mention is made to Inwell.AI, the in-house developed, Repsol proprietary artificial intelligence tool that allowed the drilling team to reach rates of penetration never reached before in this kind of formations and the longest runs in the Bolivian sub-Andean region.

The Margarita 10 project proved that efficient drilling operations can be achieved even in the most uncertain of environments, reducing historical time and cost estimations in more than half while accomplishing all proposed targets. Margarita 10, besides being an operational success, became one of the biggest gas producers in the country and showed that when things are done right there is no limit to what can be achieved in this industry.
First Successful Application of Geosteering Drilling in Narrow TVD Window: A Case Study on a Deep Horizontal Gas Well in Bolivian Foothills
Authors: Aponte Cristhian , Soriano Victor , Soruco Andrea , Blanco Gustavo , Ahmed Ramadan
Published: June 2023

Bolivia produces hydrocarbons from the Tertiary, Carboniferous, and Devonian formation systems. A horizontal well was planned to be drilled in a sand gas reservoir with reduced thickness to increase reservoir contact and gas production. The plan included an estimated 400-meter horizontal interval that was determined as the ideal length to be completed with sand control using 125-micron filters along its entire length. To achieve this plan and navigate through the reservoir with a 6-inch diameter bit, a vertical pilot well was drilled to acquire the necessary information, such as formation dip and petrophysical characteristics of the reservoir through wireline logs in an 8.5-inch open hole section.

Various difficulties were encountered during the execution of the build section with an 8.5-inch bit, such as poor directional control, low ROP, high torque, and differential sticking, which were overcome through a detailed analysis of the unplanned events. This paper shows all the steps that led to successfully drilling a horizontal well through a Devonian sand formation with a narrow TVD window for the first time.
Overcoming the Operational Challenges of the Amazon Basin and Setting a New Performance Benchmark Using Monobore Wells: A Case Study in Onshore Brazil
Authors: Fernandes G. , Quinones H. , Carvalho J. , Harada L. , Medeiros T. , Sena H.
Published: June 2023

The success of the first wells campaign in the Azulão Field, North Brazil, was significantly influenced by leveraging the technical and economic advantages of slim monobore wells, a well design methodology that has been successfully utilized for gas production in onshore Brazil. Based on the learnings from the first campaign, the Operator designed an optimization plan to establish a new benchmark for well operations performance and justify further activity expansion in the area.

The plan was grounded on an aggressive performance strategy for both the top and production hole sections, using new tech PDC bits, robust mud motors and well trajectory refinements to maximize rate of penetration (ROP). The critical operational risks were confined to the intermediate hole section, namely: severe to total mud losses through hard, naturally fractured diabase rocks and difficult downhole dynamics (shocks and vibrations). And to mitigate their impact, each well location was built with a continuous water supply to allow drilling without interruptions, and the BHA strategy was adjusted to reduce the likelihood of downhole tool failures.

From a drilling standpoint, the 12 ¼-in top hole ROP improved by 165%, by using a PDC bit with optimized cutting geometry and a "kick off early and stay slightly above plan" approach for the directional work. Likewise, the 6 1/8-in production hole ROP improved by 70%, by switching to a 5-bladed, 13 mm cutter PDC bit, using a 5-in high differential pressure mud motor and a "zero" sliding approach with the wellbore precisely placed to anticipate the expected formational tendencies down to the geological target.

During the last 3 wells, a total of 4 rig days were saved due to the aggregate effect of flat time optimizations. By way of example, a semi-compact wellhead system, which was specifically designed for the slim monobore well design, brought average time savings of +- 10 hours per well.

Overall, when compared to the first campaign, the meterage rate from spud to total depth improved by 95%. This, in turn, translated into a 43% metric cost reduction. Similar results were also obtained across 3 wells in a newly discovered area, with a 50% improvement on the meterage rate from spud to total depth, thus contributing towards a 33% metric cost reduction.

Capital discipline, synergies and operational efficiencies will be the keystones for success during the current cycle of activity growth in the Brazilian O&G onshore market. This recipe turns particularly critical for remote, logistically and operationally complex environments. Through this paper, the Operator aims to demonstrate the performance evolution and value of slim monobore wells, as one of the best methods to monetize gas production in the Amazon Basin.
The Use of Machine Learning to Estimate Key Properties in Vaca Muerta Play
Authors: Bernhardt C. , Horowitz G. , Gallart D. , Cambra J. N. , Silka M. , Sanchez M. G. , Lopez L. L. Vera
Published: June 2023

The evaluation of shale reservoir requires solving key properties: total organic carbon (TOC), porosity (PHIT) and water saturation (SW). The determination of these properties with precision, requires laboratory data and high-tech logs. In Vaca Muerta play, the most legacy wells do not have this data. This work presents the Machine Learning as a methodology to estimate TOC, PHIT, cementation factor (M) and saturation exponent (N) with basic logs.

Synthetic logs are generated with different predictive models, taking readily available conventional wire logs as input data (Resistivity, Density, Sonic and Neutron). Regarding of PHIT and saturation parameters (M and N), the models are trained with wells in which these logs are available; in the case of TOC, measures in core are used. Once the target log has been defined, an exploratory analysis is carried out. These results feed the machine learning models. The different models are trained and validated, to obtain the best result. For each synthetic log, a 90% confidence interval is also calculated.

Linear and non-linear models are developed, and their effectiveness is measured by dividing the data randomly, using 80 % of the data as a training set and the remaining 20% as validation set. Moreover, the validation "leave one out" is also performed. The models are applied to more than 170 vertical wells, in all cases, the synthetic curve is accompanied by a confidence interval. The results of these confidence intervals show that the synthetic logs have a precision that makes them reliable and relevant for decision-making by the specialist. The implementation of this technique provides relevant information for landing zone definition, making maps and volumetrics of greater areal detail.

The application of machine learning techniques for the generation of synthetic logs is a procedure that has recently begun to be used in the oil and gas industry. In the particular case of the Vaca Muerta oil field, the series of synthetic logs developed and tested in this work is a complete novelty.
Strategy to Manage Mature Oilfields with Renewable Energies
Authors: Quintero E. , Valdirio J. , Bastardo J. , Huerta V. , Lorbes H.
Published: June 2023

In the case of the Venezuelan Maracaibo Lake Basin, the existence of mature represents a good opportunity to recover them using renewable energy, even worldwide exploration efforts become are almost inaccessible and environmentally sensitive places. Therefore, many companies have shifted his strategies to revitalize mature fields, increase their recovery factor and extend their life cycle.

This study proposes an integrated approach to revitalize mature fields, but in a sustainable way. by incorporating renewable sources to supply part of the energy field consumption; thus, allowing monetizing more oil (usually used as fuel consumption), and improving asset management by implementing a production monitoring system (based on field automation and remote-control processes).

The integrated approach to revitalize mature fields includes the following steps: Reserves management upon best practices recommended in PRMS 2018 and follow up based on performance and sustainability indicators.Artificial lift technologies to optimize production performance.Identification of potential opportunities to substitute fuel consumption with renewable energy sources; incorporated to production optimization, energy efficiency and remote monitoring programs.Implementation of energy transition programs focused on maximizing asset value and improving corporate reputation.

It should be noted that Solar and Eolic energy sources were preliminarily identified as the best suited to contribute with revitalization of mature fields, by substituting in between 10 to 15% of fuel consumption; besides this, uncertainty in renewable energy supply, as well as "the state of the art" technologies to extend energy storage should be take into consideration for implementing energy transition programs. In addition, future applications of renewable energy sources in EOR projects may be further investigated considering the benefits in production performance and reservoir management.
Automating Dynamometer Charts Interpretation with Machine Learning
Authors: del Pino Fiorillo Mario Antonio
Published: June 2023

This work objective is to develop a comprehensive methodology for constructing a mathematical model capable of automating the interpretation of Dynamometer Charts from Sucker Rod Pumps (SRPs). The methodology describes the complete data-handling pipeline that allows for the proper ingestion, normalization, transformation, and evaluation of charts, comparing the predictive performance of multiple well-known Machine Learning models. The methodology delivers a properly tuned model with a high predictive performance that can interpret any chart shown to it, as well as quantifying the similarity of any given chart to that of pre-defined behavioral classes.

To develop the methodology, a sample of 293 Dynamometer Charts was evaluated to determine the equipment status, based on known patterns described in the existing bibliography. The resulting dataset was used to train and test around 1,000 different models. These models include Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, Nearest K-Neighbor, Neural Networks, among others. Each model was tested multiple times to account for bias and overfitting. This way, a best-performing model was found based on performance scores, allowing to determine model family and hyperparameters required for optimal performance.

The study demonstrated that many Machine Learning models can be properly trained for performing interpretations of SRPs operational status. The best performing models were those based on the XGBoost algorithm, although Random Forest algorithms proved to be significantly accurate in certain circumstances. Results were differentiated between surface dynamometer and bottom-hole dynamometers, with the intention of demonstrating the potential implementation of models with no data manipulation in between, such as the one caused by using the wave-function transformation.

This paper not only shows how Machine Learning algorithms can be used to automate some workflows of the production engineering discipline, but also provides a methodology for validating model performance and determining the best performing model among many candidates. Finally, it shows practical ways in which these models results can be used to generate visual tools to improve the decision-making process of engineers and operators.
Optimization in Field Service Operations: Cost and Reprocesses Reduction Through Lean Six Sigma Implementation
Authors: Camelo S. , Jimenez M. , Pinilla J. , Gonzalez C. A.
Published: June 2023

Through the petroleum industry history, it is known that different techniques have been implemented to optimize process which means reduction of operation non-productive time and costs. As an important stage of the continuous improvement and incident management, root cause analysis takes importance and aims to eliminate those causes which significantly impact the efficiency of the operations. Historically, different cause analysis has shown that 30% of the Artificial Lift Field Operations in Colombia involve reprocesses, low standardization, deficient conclusions in incident analysis, improper tooling preparation prior to the service and low tooling availability in terms of reference-functionality, ergonomics, or quality.

A challenging strategy and methods have been designed to solve the problems and reduce reprocesses in operational activities. The strategy implemented was performed based on Lean Six Sigma which aims to reduce the time defect and variability to identify what makes a process slow and how delays could be eliminated and fix further issues along the way. The challenge starts implementing Lean methodology that aims to remove any part of the process and doing more with less while doing better. In order to accomplished, particular strategies such as 6s methodology for process improvement: Safety, Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, and sustain; and DMAIC methodology for incident management: Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control implemented for Well Field Services takes importance and are the column of the strategy, focuses on cultural mind change over people who perform the activities in the field.

This paper will discuss the different stages of the case history strategy which involves, standardization to reduce reprocesses, execution of DMAIC methodology where incidents occur, increase customer perception and expectations due to the audits results improving scores in 15%, tooling preparation in Field Services from 3 hours to 30 mins and also reduction in the number of hand tools in 10%. As consequence, the weight to move them to the field was reduced as an ergonomic improvement. Also, higher order and cleanliness that extends lifespan of tools and toolboxes was obtain reducing additional purchase costs. On the other hand, a cultural changing in field personnel was performed to raise the level of participation and involvement in selected activities for the strategies and exceed the customer expectations.

Adapting strategies that have been widely documented as a case of success in Manufacturing industries and implementing them to Artificial Lift Field Service operations is clearly possible bringing visible improvements and significantly increase efficiencies.
A Study Protocol to Increase Engagement in Evidence Based Hospital and Community Based Care Using a Serious Injection Related Infections (SIRI) Checklist and Enhanced Peer for Hospitalized PWID (ShaPe)
Authors: Baldwin Margaret , Jeziorski Madison , Parman Mariel , Gagnon Kelly , Nichols M Alana , Bradford Davis , Crockett Kaylee , Eaton Ellen
Published: June 2023

Background
With the opioid crisis, surging methamphetamine use, and healthcare disruptions due to SARS-CoV-2, serious injection related infections (SIRIs), like endocarditis, have increased significantly. Hospitalizations for SIRI provide a unique opportunity for persons who inject drugs (PWID) to engage in addiction treatment and infection prevention, yet many providers miss opportunities for evidence-based care due to busy inpatient services and lack of awareness. To improve hospital care, we developed a 5-item SIRI Checklist for providers as a standardized reminder to offer medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), HIV and HCV screening, harm reduction counseling, and referral to community-based care. We also formalized an Intensive Peer Recovery Coach protocol to support PWID on discharge. We hypothesized that the SIRI Checklist and Intensive Peer Intervention would increase use of hospital-based services (HIV, HCV screening, MOUD) and linkage to community-based care: PrEP prescription, MOUD prescription, and related outpatient visit(s).
Methods
This is a feasibility study and randomized control trial of a checklist and intensive peer intervention for hospitalized PWID with SIRI admitted to UAB Hospital. We will recruit 60 PWID who will be randomized to one of 4 groups (SIRI Checklist, SIRI Checklist + Enhanced Peer, Enhanced Peer, and Standard of Care). Results will be analyzed using a 2x2 factorial design. We will use surveys to collect data on drug use behaviors, stigma, HIV risk, and PrEP interest and awareness. Our primary outcome of feasibility will include the ability to recruit hospitalized PWID and retain them in the study to determine post-discharge clinical outcomes. Additionally, we will explore clinical outcomes using a combination of patient surveys and electronic medical record data (HIV, HCV testing, MOUD and PrEP prescriptions).
This study is approved by UAB IRB #300009134.
Discussion
This feasibility study is a necessary step in designing and testing patient-centered interventions to improve public health for rural and Southern PWID. By testing low barrier interventions that are accessible and reproducible in states without access to Medicaid expansion and robust public health infrastructure, we aim to identify models of care that promote linkage and engagement in community care.
Trial Registration: NCT05480956
Increased nationwide use of green spaces in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ulset Vidar , Venter Zander , Kozák Michal , Nordbø Emma Charlott Andersson , von Soest Tilmann
Published: June 2023

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the decline in human green space use and nature-based recreation in Western countries. While some evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic led to increased recreational mobility in urban green spaces, it is unclear whether the pandemic led to nationwide changes in green space use in both densely and less densely populated neighborhoods, as well as whether social inequalities in green space use were reinforced or attenuated by the pandemic. To address these questions, we used daily nationwide aggregated mobility data from more than 2 million cell phone subscribers in 14,331 geographical grids across Norway to examine potential changes in mobility in green spaces as measured by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the pandemic. Additionally, we controlled for weather conditions, holiday periods, and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics. The results from linear mixed model analyses showed a 9.4% increase in recreational visits in the greenest spaces during the pandemic. Notably, this increase was most prominent in neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status (SES) and was observed in both high- and low-population density neighborhoods, although the increase was somewhat stronger in neighborhoods with low population density. Our study findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has played a role in increasing nationwide green space use in Norway and potentially narrowing the gap of green inequalities, thus highlighting the importance of preserving and promoting green spaces as a public health resource, particularly in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Natural Air Filtration: Potted Plants for Management of Sick Building Syndrome
Authors: Marak Cherike K , Das Pori , KALITA GITARTHA
Published: June 2023

Air pollution is a pressing issue that warrants attention. It is crucial to comprehend the impact of air pollution on human health. With the rapid growth of industry and urbanization, the air we breathe has become hazardous to our well-being. Moreover, because people spend most of their time indoors, the risk of exposure to toxic pollutants indoors is higher. Inorganic gases and biological factors also contribute to indoor pollution, and these contaminants can cause Sick Building Syndrome, which can result in symptoms that vanish once individuals leave the building. Sick Building Syndrome has a significant impact on the health and productivity of occupants. In this study, NASA-proven natural air-purifying plant species, such as Sansevieria Laurentii, were used to combat Sick Building Syndrome. The pollutants used for the study were Adhesive, Paint, Kerosene, Egg crate, Ciggarete, Varnish, Wood Shaving and Coconut Husk. It is best to use locally available plants that have a high potential for air purification. The study aimed to determine the most effective phytoremediation methods using Sansevieria Laurentii to purify indoor pollutants, and the results demonstrated a substantial reduction in indoor air pollution on increasing the number of potted plants.
Practical methods for incorporating summary time-to-event data into meta-analysis: updated guidance
Authors: Tierney Jayne F , Burdett Sarah , Fisher David
Published: June 2023

Background Our prior guide to estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and related statistics from published summary (aggregate) data (ref) has been cited widely and utilised extensively by systematic reviewers and meta-analysts worldwide, but some still have difficulties applying the methods and/or utilising the accompanying spreadsheet. Therefore, we provide additional guidance and an updated calculations spreadsheet.Methods This update is driven by queries we have received, responses to a survey of Cochrane editors and the emergence of alternative methodologies. It also and benefits from our considerably increased experience in applying these methods across a range of scenarios.Results We provide clarifications of ambiguities, additional scenarios that researchers might face and further advice on data extraction to facilitate estimating HRs and related statistics from published time-to-event data. Also, we compare these methods with proposed alternatives. This is accompanied up by an updated and enhanced calculations spreadsheet that produces all the summary statistics required for pooling HRs in meta-analysis.Conclusions This updated guidance and spreadsheet will provide valuable additional tools for those producing meta-analyses based on published, summary, time-to-event data.
Nexuses between Carbon Emissions, Trade Openness, Transport Services, Globalization Index and Growth in China: Targeting the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Huang Li , Quddoos Muhammad Umer , Akhtar Muhammad Hanif , Haseeb Abdul , Khan Muhammad Bashir , Rafique Amir
Published: June 2023

Since the end of the 20th century, the world has observed a considerable upsurge in carbon emissions as several countries have surfaced as industrial centers and production monsters worldwide. The present study contributes to the existing literature, which examines the effects of carbon-based emissions, industrial value-added, trade openness, transport services, railway lines, and globalization index on per capita GDP growth in China. The study covers a period of 38 years, from 1982 to 2020. A Vector error correction model (VECM) was applied to achieve the study's envisaged objectives. The findings of this study reveal that carbon emissions are responsible for the reduction of per capita GDP growth in China. On the contrary, industrial value-added, transport services, railway lines, and globalization index positively support the per capita GDP growth dependent variable. The study proposes that pragmatic policies are needed to control pollution resulting from carbon emissions. The eventual effect of maintaining greenhouse gases is expected to assist in achieving sustainable growth of per capita GDP leading to the accomplishment of sustainable development goals in the economy.
Preliminary study on the impact of severe heat waves on dolostone weathering: Implications for deterioration of carbonate rock-hewn heritage
Authors: WANG Yinghong , ZHANG Hui
Published: June 2023

Climate change has led to many catastrophic events. In summer 2022, southern China witnessed a record-breaking heat wave. For example, Hangzhou, the capital city of Zhejiang Province (China), experienced a 2-month period of extreme hot weather. Rock outcrops exposed to strong solar radiation and high temperatures can experience rapid increase in temperature and repeated thermal cycles, which can affect the fabric and physical/mechanical properties of the rock and threaten the preservation of rock-hewn heritage. China has many examples of carbonate rock-hewn heritage with high historical and artistic value. Most are found in subtropical coastal areas with high heat and humidity, and where they might experience extreme high-intensity heat events in the future. Therefore, to study the impact of heat wave events on such examples of cultural heritage, a realistic heat wave aging test was performed in this study using samples of dolostone freshly quarried from near the West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou world heritage site. The nature of deterioration of the dolostone was evaluated using the capillary water absorption coefficient, surface hardness, and splitting tensile strength. The pore system of the dolostone samples was determined using the nitrogen adsorption method. Experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of the dolostone decreased moderately, while the water absorption capacity and porosity (micropores–mesopores) increased, indicating that high-temperature heating affects the physical and mechanical properties of dolostone to a certain extent. On the basis of the rapid rate of global warming and the increasingly frequent occurrence of extreme high-temperature events in China, the influence of thermal cycling on rock-hewn heritage deserves further attention.
Water Contaminants Monitoring and Prediction using Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Pujar Prasad M , Kenchannavar Harish H , Kulkarni Raviraj M
Published: June 2023

Water is one of the most basic resources for human well-being. The need and availability of clean drinking water is a primary concern throughout the world. The risk to human well-being can arise from the use of water contaminated with various toxic wastes, such as industrial, agricultural, and urban wastes. Therefore, it imposes the need for a real-time forecast of water quality and can be achieved using the machine learning concepts of support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN). The SVM is used to classify water samples as normal or contaminated samples based on the root mean square error (RMSE), that is, the amount of deviation between the predicted value and the estimated true value. To reduce the RMSE found by SVM and to further increase the efficiency ANN was utilized. In this paper, the experimental analysis was carried out to improve the efficiency of the prediction model by first finding the correct kernel function amongst linear, polynomial, sigmoid, and radial basis function (RBF) that applies to the prediction of water quality based on the least RMSE value for SVM Technic. The ANN is then used to improve the efficiency of the prediction by estimating which activation function the sigmoid or the tan-hyperbolic best fits the prediction of water quality. It was found that the RBF / polynomial function for SVM with an efficiency of 97.14% was the most suitable and for ANN, either of the activation functions of both can be used to predict water quality with the prediction of 98.9%.
Muscularis macrophages controlled by NLRP3 maintain the homeostasis of excitatory neurons
Authors: Gao Yunhuan , Shi Yi , Wei Ming , Yang Xiaorong , Hao Yang , Liu Haifeng , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Lu , Hu Gang , Yang Rongcun
Published: June 2023

Peristaltic movements in gut are essential to propel ingested materials through the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal resident macrophages play an important role in this physiological function through protecting enteric neurons. However, it is incompletely clear how individuals maintain the homeostasis of gut motility. Here we found that NLRP3 is a critical factor in controlling loss of muscularis macrophages (MMs), and demonstrate that MMs are involved in the homeostasis of excitatory neurons such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)+ but not inhibitory neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)+ neurons. NLRP3 knockout (KO) mice had enhanced gut motility and increased neurons, especially excitatory ChAT+ and VGLUT2+ neurons. Single cell analyses showed that there had increased resident macrophages, especially MMs in NLRP3 KO mice. The MM proportion in the resident macrophages was markedly higher than those in wild-type (WT) or caspase 1/11 KO mice. Deletion of the MMs and transplantation of the NLRP3 KO bone marrow cells showed that survival of the gut excitatory ChAT+ and VGLUT2+ neurons was dependent on the MMs. Gut microbiota metabolites β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) could promote gut motility through protecting MMs from pyroptosis. Thus, our data suggest that MMs controlled by NLRP3 maintain the homeostasis of excitatory neurons.
Evaluation of water use equity in river basin based on multi-industry Gini coefficient
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Jian , Ming Guanghui , Wan Fang , Zheng Xiaokang , Zhou Xiangnan , Wang Weihao , Xiao Lingfeng
Published: June 2023

The fairness of water use is one of the key factors to be considered in the balanced allocation of water resources. Aiming at the problem that the fairness of water use in the basin is not considered enough in the different industries, an evaluation method based on multi-factor Gini coefficient in different industries is proposed. Taking the H Basin as an example, this paper calculates the Gini coefficient and analyzes the variation of the fairness of water use of different industries in nine provinces of the H Basin from 1980 to 2020. The results show that the comprehensive Gini coefficient of economic and social water use in the basin is 0.16–0.25 from 1980 to 2020, which is in a downward trend, indicating that the fairness of economic and social water use in the basin has gradually improved, changing from "relatively fairness" to "highly fairness". In terms of the fairness of water use in different industries, the fairness of public water use in industry and cities decreases, especially in cities.
Mechanically robust room-temperature self-healing waterborne polyurethane with antimicrobial properties constructed through multiple dynamic bonds
Authors: Wang Yuan , Chen Liang , Jiang Pingping , Zhang Pingbo , Bao Yanmin , Gao Xuewen , Xia Jialiang
Published: June 2023

In this study, 2,6-diacetylpyridine dioxime was synthesized from 2,6-diacetylpyridine and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as raw materials and bonded into the molecular chain of waterborne polyurethane as an alcohol chain extender, Subsequent addition of Cu2+ interacted with the Schiff base structure in the WPU molecular chain to generate room-temperature self-healing polymeric materials with multiple dynamic bonds based on ligand bonds, oxime carbamates, and hydrogen bonds. Due to the synergistic effect of multiple dynamic bonds, DWPU-Cu0.25 exhibited excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 11.9 MPa and elongation at break of 1620%) and excellent room temperature self-healing ability (healing efficiencies of 89.1% and 95.8% for elongation at break and tensile strength, after 72 h of room temperature healing). Additionally, antibacterial experiments showed that DWPU-Cu films can release copper ions and create antibacterial zones around polyurethane films, demonstrating their use in the field of antibacterial coatings. This work also opened up new possibilities for the synthesis of room-temperature self-healing multifunctional waterborne polyurethanes.
Best proximity point for different types ofnon-self proximal contractions
Authors: Alam Khairul Habib , Rohen Yumnam
Published: June 2023

A new variety of non-self generalised poximal contraction,called Hardy-Rogers α+F-proximal contraction, is shown in this work.Also we have proved that such contractions satisfying some conditionsmust have unique best proximity point. For some particular values of theconstants, that we have used to generalize the proximal contraction, weconclude different α+F-proximal contraction results of the types ´Ciri´c,Chatterjea, Reich, Kannan and Banach with proof, that all such typeof contractions must have unique best proximity point.
Caring for the elderly based on an Integrated Community Care approach: the experience of the Canton of Ticino
Authors: Roncelli Evaristo
Published: June 2023

Background The increase in demand for long-term care is associated with the need for cost containment. A transition towards the Integrated Community Care (ICC) approach should lead to cost containment and greater user satisfaction. The Swiss government has repeatedly raised the issue of the integration of care, but Switzerland seems to lag behind in the implementation of this care models. Methods We conducted a series of case studies on the Italian-speaking area of Switzerland with the aim of exploring the reason of network formation. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The case studies include six public home care services and twenty nursing homes. The collected data was analysed using ATLAS.ti through content analysis carried out using the Preparation-Exploration-Specification-Interpretation approach. Results The reasons why ICC models are struggling to develop in Switzerland are: i) the caring system is anchored to a broader municipality-based proximity system; ii) the system is historically based on subsidiarity and public-private co-existence; iii) the system is a resource-intensive that is late in perceiving the need to optimise resources; iv) the system based is on a high reliance on formal services; v) the system based on consensus and stability that struggles with the need for rapid intervention. Conclusions The implementation of innovative models of taking care of the elderly is strongly influenced by the institutional context. Policymakers to increase the effectiveness of their interventions are called to eliminate possible institutional barriers.
Impact of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Survival Benefit in T1N0 Triple Negative Breast Cancer Based on SEER Database by Age Group
Authors: Wang Shu , Sun Jian , Gao JiaLiang
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
We aimed to analyze the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with T1N0M0 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (age-stratified and tumor size-stratified) to guide more precise treatment.
METHODS
This study recruited 6482 pT1N0M0 TNBC patients from 2010–2015 in the SEER database (*Stat 8.3.6 software). The χ[2] test was used to compare categorical variables between different tumor sizes. OS and BCSS of patients with T1mic, T1a, T1b and T1cN0M0 TNBC were studied and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted for the prognosis of patients receiving versus not receiving chemotherapy stratified by age and tumor size.
RESULTS
A total of 6482 T1N0M0 TNBC patients were included in this study, with a total of 4244 (65.47%) patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and 2238 (34.53%) not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, whose 5-year OS was 92.4% and 85.4% (p < 0.001) and 5-year BCSS was 95.1% and 94.9% (p = 0.46), respectively. Among them, 15.2% (16/105), 24.5% (159/650), 58.7% (1046/1781), and 76.6% (3023/3946) received chemotherapy for T1mic, T1a, T1b, and T1c, respectively. The 5-year OS with and without chemotherapy was 93.3% vs. 94.7% (p = 0.95), 98.7% vs. 94.4% (p = 0.004), 94.8% vs. 87.7% (p < 0.001), and 91.2% vs. 77.0% (p < 0.001), respectively, and the 5-year BCSS was 100% vs. 93.3% (p = 0.026),99.3% vs 98.1% (p = 0.22), 96.9% vs 96.3% (p = 0.36), and 94.3% vs 91.4% (p < 0.001), respectively. Among the T1mic patients, receiving chemotherapy did not improve OS (p = 0.95), but instead decreased BCSS (p = 0.026). When patients were stratified by age, it was found that for age > 65 years, T1a patients receiving chemotherapy did not improve OS and BCSS (p = 0.07, p = 0.45). For T1b patients, receiving chemotherapy at age > 75 years did not improve OS and BCSS (p = 0.065, p = 0.13). For T1c patients, receiving chemotherapy did not improve OS and BCSS at age > 80 years (p = 0.19, p = 0.15).
CONCLUSION
This study found that adjuvant chemotherapy improved OS but not BCSS in T1N0TNBC patients. T1mic patients receiving chemotherapy did not improve OS but decreased BCSS, T1a and T1b patients adjuvant chemotherapy improved OS but not BCSS. >65 years old T1a, > 75 years old T1b and > 80 years old Tc patients receiving chemotherapy did not improve survival and could be used as a clinical reference for patients exempted from chemotherapy.
Impacts of Education and Perception on Vietnamese High School Students' Behaviors Regarding Plastic Waste : The Mediating Role of Attitude
Authors: Nguyen Hien Thi , Ho Thi Truc Quynh , Hoang Ba Loc , Le Thi Cam Tu
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to analyze the direct and indirect relationship between education, perception and behaviors towards the plastic waste of high school students in Vietnam. The study uses data from a survey of 573 high school students in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study design and questionnaire survey method were used to collect data. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), descriptive statistics, reliability test Cronbach's Alpha and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used for statistical analysis. Research results show that: Attitude factors play an mediating role in the relationship between education, perception and behavior towards plastic waste. The findings of this study provide the basis for proposing measures to improve behaviors towards plastic waste for Vietnamese high school students.