bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENYULUHAN PENGOLAHAN BEBERAPA JENIS BUAH MENJADI JELLY DAN SIRUP DI DESA KARYA JAYA
Authors: Lesbani Aldes
Published: September 2020

Selama musin buah, harga buah menjadi sangat murah. Buah yang telah matang dan jumlah yang berlimpah menyebabkan nilai jual yang rendah, karena buah tidak biasa disimpan dalam waktu lama apabila telah matang. Pengabdian ini adalah tentang 16utrid penyuluhan pada warga desa Karya Jaya mengenai pengolahan buah. Tim pengabdian juruan Kimia MIPA UNSRI telah mengajarkan dan mempraktekkan cara membuat sirup dan jeli dari buah-buahan di desa Karya Jaya pada bulan November 2013. Buah yang dipilih untuk di peragakan adalah buah nenas, dan buah mangga. Tim pengabdian juga memberikan fotokopi cara-cara mengolah buah-buahan agar dapat disimpan lebih lama dalam bentuk produk. Acara pengabdian diikuti oleh ibu-ibu rumah tangga dan remaja 16utrid desa. Warga yang hadir adalah 35 orang dan aktif berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan ini.
PENGGUNAAN RADIO SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DAKWAH
Authors: Munthe Muktarruddin
Published: September 2020

Dakwah merupakan salah satu praktik komunikasi yang mengambil berbagai bentuk, mulai dari komunikasi personal, komunikasi massa dan komunikasi kelompok. Di era globalisasi, dakwah dihadapkan pada tantangan menyampaikan syiar Islam melalui media massa. Penggunaan radio sebagai media komunikasi dakwah adalah menggunakan ajaran-ajaran Islam sebagai pesan yang harus disampaikan radio sesuai dengan fungsinya. Solusi yang ditawarkan dalam memaximalkan radio sebagai media komunikasi dakwah adalah dengan mendirikan radio siaran Islam dan memaximalkan sumberdaya manusia yang beragama Islam untuk sama-sama memajukan stasiun radio Islam.
AUDIENS DALAM PERIKLANAN: SEBAGAI TARGET MARKET
Authors: Walisah Tengku
Published: September 2020

Dalam periklanan audiens berperan sebagai target yang akan disasar oleh pesan periklanan. Istilah lainnya adalah target market. Beberapa tahapan dilalui untuk menentukan audiens sebagai target market dalam periklanan. Upaya ini digunakan untuk mempermudah menargetkan audiens ke dalam unit yang lebih kecil dimana tadinya merupakan heterogenitas. Melalui segmentasi audiens dibagi ke beberapa kategori-kategori tertentu untuk memperoleh target market yang tepat.
KOMUNIKASI KOMUNITAS KHUSUS “LGBT”
Authors: Ritonga Elfiyanti
Published: September 2020

Fenomena LGBT (lesbian, gay, biseksual, transgender) saat ini telah berkembang di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Masyarakat Indonesia dengan kebudayaan timurnya masih menganggap bahwa kaum LGBT merupakan orang-orang yang menyimpang, sehingga kaum LGBT ini masih ragu untuk membuka diri mereka kepada masyarakat. Sebagian besar kaum LGBT mempresentasikan dirinya sebagai masyarakat heteroseksual, hal ini dilakukan agar kaum LGBT dapat bergaul secara nyaman dalam melakukan berbagai aktifitas sosial bermasyarakat. Tulisan  ini akan membahas Komunikasi Komunita Khusus LGBT di Era Digital. Disamping mengaitkannya dengan kemajuan tehnologi informasi dan komuniksi, makalah ini akan mengupas bagaimana perkembangan komunitas LGBT dalam pandangan Komunikasi Islam.
Ekspresi Estetik Islam Dalam Pantun dan Pepatah Sebagai Media Dakwah di Sumatera Utara
Authors: Asti Indi Tri
Published: September 2020

Penggunaan media sebagai alat penyampaian dakwah telah memberikan andil dan warna tersendiri dalam kegiatan dakwah. Bila Sunan Kalijaga dikenal dengan seni wayangnya, maka dalam masyarakat yang berdomisili di Sumatera Utara dikenal pantun dan pepatah yang juga merupakan media dalam menyampaikan pesan-pesan dakwah kepada masyarakat. Bagi masyarakat Sumatera Utara, pantun dan pepatah selain merupakan alat pengungkapan jalan pikiran, sikap, dan kebudayaannya, juga sebagai pencerminan cara berpikir dan keinginan masyarakat untuk menanamkan norma-norma dalam masyarakat, seperti adat istiadat, budaya dan agama. Oleh sebab itu, sebagai salah satu bentuk karya sastra yang, pantun dan pepatah telah lama mengakar dalam kehidupan masyarakat Sumatera Utara khususnya. Pantun dan pepatah dapat digunakan kapan saja dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pantun dapat diselipkan dalam percakapan atau perbualan, dalam nyanyian ataupun senda gurau.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PIMPINAN YAYASAN ULIL ALBAB DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN PROGRAM PESERTA BEASISWA UNTUK KAUM DUAFA DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Munardi Benny
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan strategi komunikasi Pimpinan Yayasan Ulil Albab (YUA) dalam Pemberdayaan Program Peserta Beasiswa untuk Kaum Duafa di Kota Medan, yang meliputi penentuan tujuan komunikasi, penyajian pesan, pemilihan dan penggunaan media, serta strategi komunikasi Pimpinan YUA dalam mengatasi hambatan-hambatan komunikasi.

Adapun jenis penelitian dan pendekatan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif. Dan jika ditelusuri penelitian ini bertolak dari fenomena sosial yang menarik perhatian peneliti, kemudian menemukan konsep awal, sehingga mempunyai rasa ingin tahu dengan melakukan ekstrapolasi, yakni menciptakan konsep baru dari konsep yang telah ada, secara rasionalitas.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Pertama, Strategi komunikasi Pimpinan YUA dalam Penentuan Tujuan Komunikasi adalah melibatkan bawahannya dalam bentuk rapat-rapat atau diskusi. Biasanya pimpinan akan menggelar rapat tahunan dan masing-masing Jaringan Layanan di Ulil Albab, membuat kerangka tahunan dan juga menggelar rapat bulanan, untuk menerima dan membahas anggaran bulanan yang diajukan oleh masing-masing bidang program kerja dan sangat terbuka dalam menerima ide-ide yang disampaikan yang bersifat inovatif dan kreatif. Kedua, Dalam penyajian pesan adalah dengan cara pesan disusun terlebih dahulu, kemudian disajikan melalui komunikasi verbal dan non verbal, yakni dengan menggunakan bahasa yang mudah dimengerti dan disesuaikan dengan pemahaman peserta penerima beasiswa. Ketiga, Dalam penggunaan dan pemilihan media menggunakan media massa, media selebaran dan komunikasi antar individu. Keempat, Dalam mengatasi hambatan-hambatan komunikasi adalah dengan melirik kepada penyebab masing-masing hambatan yang terjadi untuk lebih spesifik dalam penanganannya dan tidak terulang lagi dimasa depan.
            Hasil dari strategi komunikasi Pimpinan YUA dalam Pemberdayaaan Program Peserta Beasiswa untuk Kaum Duafa di Kota Medan adalah perkembangan program tersebut yang mengalami grafik peningkatan yang terus naik dari tahun ke tahun dan perubahan tingkah laku positif yang terjadi pada diri peserta beasiswa khususnya dari kalangan mahasiswa setelah mengikuti proses pemberdayaan.
Pergeseran Desain Komunikasi di Media Sosial
Authors: Arianto Nanang
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan komunikasi yang terjadi  di media sosial  sangatlah kompleks. tidak dipung kiri lagi, bahwa rekayasa  sosial yang terjadi ditengah-tangah  masyarakat banyak disebabkan oleh faktor media sosial. Penelitian ini mengangkat tentang pergeseran jejaring sosial  yang bukan sekedar menginformasikan banyak hal, namun bisa juga untuk kepentingan tertentu seperti memobilisasi  massa. Ia bergeser menjadi tidak produktif dihadapan masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, pendekatan kajian isi dengan fokus kajian media sosial facebook, whatsapp, twitter dan instagram. Menggunakan teori  komunikasi  jarum suntik, peneliti ingin menyampaikan ada beberapa pergeseran desain komunikasi melalui media sosial.
Youth’s Trust in Online News Media About The Corona Virus Issues
Authors: Bahri Andini Nur
Published: September 2020

News and information about the corona virus has become the topic most often consumed by the public lately despite the declining public trust in the media both traditional media and online media. It also affects the younger generation in consuming media and trusting the credibility of a media. This study aims to determine the trust of students who have studied science related to the media, namely students of Islamic communication and broadcasting UINSU on online news websites about the corona virus and how is the relationship between the selection of online news website with trust in media. This study uses descriptive correlational methods with as many respondents 228 people. This research found that most of the students chose national online news websites in getting news about corona and there was no significant relationship between online news site selection and students' belief that the online news websites  published accurate facts about corona virus.
Blessed Klymentii Sheptytskyi as the authority of the UGCC: analysis of religious activity
Authors: Chornopyska Victoria
Published: September 2020

On the basis of a large array of archival documents and historiographical base, the activity of Klymentii Sheptytskyi as abbot of the Holy Assumption Univ Lavra is highlighted. The analysis of this suggests that the abbot Klymentii not only contributed to the restoration of the model of the convents of the Studio Charter, but thanks to the author’s messages and works became the charismatic law-maker of this model. The author found out that the monasteries of the studio, headed by the abbot Klymentii, were able to: consolidate the Ukrainian emigrants, resist the denationalization from both the Russian and Polish sides; to spread education among young people and children, which has influenced the process of education in the religious-patriotic spirit of the Eastern Galician society; to create religious and ecclesiastical periodicals and a network of monastic libraries, which played a significant role in the development of Christian and national ideas among the local population; revive sacred art, which greatly enriched the national culture; support and care for the vulnerable, including orphans, the sick and the poor. In the article it is proved that the activity of abbot Klymentii (Sheptytskyi), first, became an important factor and criterion of moral and spiritual enrichment of Ukrainians, secondly, is a clear statement that the GCC stood on the principles of Christian morality, national and cultural tolerance and upholding — religious interests of Ukrainian, and the monasteries of the Studio Charter became one of the greatest expressors, the guarantor of the realization of national and cultural interests of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia.

Keywords: Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), Klymentii Sheptytskyi, church-religious complex, clergy, repression, liquidation of the UGCC, soviet government.
Ukrainian icons of the late 15th — early 20th centuries from the collection «Studion» in the collection of the Andrey Sheptytskyi National Museum in Lviv
Authors: Helytovych Marija
Published: September 2020

The article deals with a number of icons belonging to the «Studion» Museum at the Monastery of Studyts fathers in Lviv, founded in 1909 on the initiative of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi and transferred to the National Museum in Lviv in 1939 and 1945. The most important monuments of this collection, which are essential for the study of various aspects of Ukrainian icons, in particular, iconography, creative heritage of masters, painting centers, formation and peculiarities of the iconostasis, etc. are analyzed. It emphasizes the importance of individual works and their complexes for the reproduction of artistic processes that took place in the sacral painting of the end of the XVI — the first half of the XVI centuries. In particular, it concerns the theme of the image of the Virgin in the Ukrainian icon. It is also about the activities of individual painters and painting centers, among which is the creativity of an anonymous painter with a pronounced creative style of writing, which worked for the church of St. Paraskeva in the village Novycia in Lemkivshchyna. For the first time, it is pointed the necessity to study and systematize the iconic heritage of the church in Novycia, from which the monuments from different periods are originated; most of them belonged to «Studion». The question is posed of a comprehensive study of the iconography of Lemkivshchyna, for which the works of this collection will be important. It is emphasized the importance of another painting direction related to the painting center, which was active in the XVII century in the city of Sudova Vyshnia, from which the complex of icons from the iconostasis of the Church of Archangel Michael in the village Dobra is still little studied. The latest research on the attribution of a number of works is presented. The significance of the collection for more comprehensive coverage of the features of the Ukrainian icon at different stages of its history is revealed. A number of new monuments are being introduced.

Keywords: icon, master, «Studion», tradition, research.
A portrait of Klymentii Sheptytskyi by artist Mykhailo Shalabavka
Authors: Kupchynska Larysa
Published: September 2020

The article covers the life and creative development of one of the little known Ukrainian photographers and painters of the first half of the twentieth century, who was Mykhaylo Shalabavka. In order to disclose his biographical data in more detail, the information provided by modern researchers 399 has been supplemented with archival materials. Due to their analysis, first of all, M. Shalabavka’s letters to Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi presented many new facts that characterize the artist’s participation in public life in the formation of the Ukrainian school of photography first in Lviv, his beliefs about further ways of its development. Emphasizing his active participation in public life, the article stated that he executed hundreds of photographs of national liberation competitions of the Ukrainian people of the early twentieth century, life and way of life of Boykivschyna, Hutsulschyna and Podillya, architecture of Lviv. Particular attention is paid to the photo portraits that brought the author glory. One of his most famous works, Portrait of Oleksa Novakivskyi, and little-known photographs of prominent representatives of the Greek Catholic Church of the twentieth century, discovered in the collections of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv named after, are analyzed in detail. It is substantiated that by performing portraits, M. Shalabavka worked according to the requirements of the time, which included the use of the traditions of the portrait genre of previous centuries. This has significantly influenced the artist’s works, securing them a proper place in the history of photography. Due to many years of work by photographer M. Shalabavka in the late 1930’s, he turned to painting, performed an oil painting «Portrait of Klymentii Sheptytskyi». He is one of the later artists and sums up his multidimensional experience.

Keywords: Mykhaylo Shalabavka, Ukrainian photographers, history, life and way of life, portrait, Klymentii Sheptytskyi.
Family library of Sheptytskyi in Prylbychi
Authors: Kachur Iryna
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the history of the Prylbychi library in the context of the collecting activities of Counts Sheptytskyi — the parents of Metropolitan Andrey and the Blessed Hieromartyr Klymentii. The valuable book collection, founded by Count Ivan Sheptytskyi, numbered approximately 6,000 volumes, was destroyed along with almost all other art collections during the First 158 World War. The history of the collection is still largely unknown and it calls for further reserch. Found in Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv surviving copies give an idea of the bibliophilic preferences of the owners, the manifestation of which is a gold-plated heraldic superexlibris with the name of the Sheptytskyi family estate «Przyłbice». Unfortunately, the question of how to get them to the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, because they are devoid of any later provenance signs. It is also questionable that they continued to be part of Metropolitan Andrey’s personal library, as none of them has his own insignia or the book collections he founded, which included most of his private books — the Church Museum, the Metropolitan Library, the National Museum or the «Studion». Of particular value is the lifetime edition of the works of the theologian and theorist of oratory S. Sokolowski Concionatoris Opera (Krakow, 1591–1598) with a handwritten gift inscription by Ivan Sheptytskyi from the Prylbychi library to his son, Metropolitan of Halychyna and Archbishop of Lviv Andrey. Another old print with the heraldic superexlibris «Przyłbice» was found in the department of old prints and rare editions of the V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. This is a eulogy by J. Narolsky to the Bishop of Lviv, Galicia and Kamyanets-Podilsky Atanasy Sheptytskyi published in Lviv in 1721, framed in white suede and decorated with the coat of arms of the Sheptytskyi. Having received this edition from his parents’ book collection, Andrey Sheptytskyi handed it over as part of a personal collection of several thousand for the needs of the Stanyslaviv Chapter in 1901. The copy is marked with the first proprietary book mark of the Bishop, the coat of arms ex-libris «Library of Bishop Sheptytskyi».

Keywords: book collection, Sheptytskyi, Prylbychi, old edition, heraldic superexlibris, gift inscription.
The Studion’s Library collection in Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv: fragments of history, study experience and preservation issues
Authors: Fershtej Vasyl
Published: September 2020

Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv (VSNSL of Ukraine in Lviv) is considered as an inheritor and successor for major Ukrainian libraries and institutions that constituted its base consequently to geopolitical upheavals of first half of 20th century. These are books, manuscripts, old prints, periodicals, notes and fine arts collections etc. from the libraries of Shevchenko Scientific Society, People’s Home in Lviv, monasteries, private collections, as well as Studion’s Library collection, whose substantial part now is being dispersed along the shelves of VSNSL of Ukraine in Lviv. The author defined the role of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi and Klymentii Sheptytskyi in establishing and maintaining this biggest specialized scientific library in Galicia at that time.

The paper describes the rise and evolution of the Studion’s Library collection drawing on archival documents and revealing main stages of its formation, outlines objectives that Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi determined for it and highlighted Metropolitan’s activity in church and social fields resulted in formation of national and cultural institutions. The author also defined the outstanding role of Studion’s in the religious life of Ukrainians.

The Studion’s Library collection was officially integrated into Lviv Branch of the Library of the Academy of Sciences of USSR on February 12, 1940. So the dispersion of the once rich collection started. Now those books and periodicals are parts of Rare Book Department, Manuscript Department, Ucrainica Department, Exchange and Reserve Department, Department of European book of 19th–20th cc. and others. These collections were repeatedly examined within several bibliological studies conducted by the Library’s researchers. Thus, it is marked that unique collections of Studion’s like other historical libraries at VSNSL of Ukraine in Lviv need writing their history as well as their bibliographical reconstruction what is now composing one of main objectives of Library’s staff

Keywords: Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi, Klymentii Sheptytskyi, the Studion’s Library collection, Byzantine Library.
Emotion Recognition Based on Mining Sub-Graphs of Facial Components
Authors: Mohammed Suhaila , Abdul Hassan Alia
Published: September 2020

Facial emotion recognition finds many real applications in the daily life like human robot interaction, eLearning, healthcare, customer services etc. The task of facial emotion recognition is not easy due to the difficulty in determining the effective feature set that can recognize the emotion conveyed within the facial expression accurately. Graph mining techniques are exploited in this paper to solve facial emotion recognition problem. After determining positions of facial landmarks in face region, twelve different graphs are constructed using four facial components to serve as a source for sub-graphs mining stage using gSpan algorithm. In each group, the discriminative set of sub-graphs are selected and fed to Deep Belief Network (DBN) for classification purpose. The results obtained from the different groups are then fused using Naïve Bayes classifier to make the final decision regards the emotion class. Different tests were performed using Surrey Audio-Visual Expressed Emotion (SAVEE) database and the achieved results showed that the system gives the desired accuracy (100%) when fusion decisions of the facial groups. The achieved result outperforms state-of-the-art results on the same database.
Preliminary Behavior of Chinkara (Gazella Bennettii) under Captive Conditions with Future Conservation Strategies
Authors: Idnan Muhammad , Javid Arshad , Nadeem Muhammad , Hussain Ali , Mansoor Sajid , Ali Waqas , Bukhari Syed Mohsin
Published: September 2020

Background: Study of behavioral conformations play a significant role in ex-situ conservation of ungulates particularly of deer to propagate deer farming. Due to advancement in animal hunting techniques, captive breeding is the best solution to propagate animals for sports or other traditional & medicinal uses. Due to the lack of management methods, captive breeding programs have been used on trial and error basis for rearing of wild animals like Chinkara.

Objectives: The present study was planned to investigate behavioral patterns in captivity to explore factors over reproductive success of the Chinkara and potential of this wild animal (Chinkara) for deer farming practices in Pakistan.

Methodology: Present study was conducted on the behavior of Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) [wild-caught (WC)=20, captive-bred (CB)=10] for a period of one year from April 2013 to March 2014 at captive breeding facilities for ungulates, Ravi campus Pattoki, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Pakistan.

Results: The behavior of captive-born and wild-caught animals was observed by focal sampling pattern to frame conservation strategies for successful management practices for promotion of deer farming in Pakistan. Similar behavioral patterns were observed in both WC and CB animals but WC male Chinkara displayed a higher degree of agonistic interaction than of CB males. From these results it is predicted that there is no obvious immediate effect of captivity on behavioral configurations up to 10 generations in Chinkara.

Conclusion: It is suggested that Chinkara is not suitable for domestication like Goat until further studies on ethology of Chinkara.
Consequences of Microwave Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure on Germination and Free Proline Content of Green Gram and Red Bean
Authors: Ibrahim Saima , Bashir Yasra , Zaki Salma , Mehmood Samia , Mustafa Umul , Khanum Afreen , Ishtiaq Kainat , Maheen Fabiha , Rehmat Amber
Published: September 2020

Background: Plants are crucial key component of well-formed ecosystem and have significant role in the living world, therefore, it would be helpful to scrutinize their interaction with variable radio and microwave frequency fields.

Objectives: A laboratory test was conducted in October 2018 in the Department of Botany, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi to investigate the microwave radiation influence on plant development, and clarify the mechanisms of energy exchange and stimulation of plant development. The experiment was laid down at completely randomize design to evaluate the effect of microwave electromagnetic radiation at different durations of time on seed germination and free proline content (stress indicators) in green gram (Vigna radiata. L) and red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L) seedlings.

Methodology: Seeds were treated with three different time periods of microwave radiation (5, 15 & 30sec).  Control seeds were not treated.

Results: The analysis of obtained data showed that the differential exposure of microwave had significant effect on germination rate, germination percentage and free proline content of both plants. The exposed electromagnetic radiation improved the germination rate in both types of seed along with improved germination percentages. Proline contents of both plants also markedly responded with electromagnetic radiation and proved themselves a responsive stress indicator with differential radiation exposures.

Conclusion: The 15sec exposure of microwave radiation enhanced germination in green gram seeds, while 30sec exposure improved red bean seed germination along with breaking dormancy effect of hard seed coat. Therefore, the technique provides a quick and effective method of treatment especially for the seeds having an impermeable seed coat.
Meta-analysis of Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among University Students
Authors: Shaffique Shifa , Farooq Sehar Shahzad , Anwar Haseeb , Asif Hafiz Muhammad , Akram Muhammad , Jung Soon Ki
Published: September 2020

Background: The global burden on mental disorders have become too advanced with serious consequences on health and society. Over the years, depression, stress, and anxiety have become more common symptoms which affect all over population pyramid irrespective of the gender. Mental disorders are second most health indicator that causes morbidity.

Objectives: The mental disorders affect the entire population and both genders equally. Present study was conducted to carry out meta-analysis study to highlight the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among university students.

Methodology: Various search engines i.e. Google scholar, Duckduckgo, AOL, Baidu, Yahoo as well as books and newsletter were used to collect the data.

Results: Despite tremendous development in the era of health and education, there is significant prevalence (79.5%) of anxiety, depression, and stress in medical students that leads to morbidity and poor mental health disorders among these students.

Conclusion: It is concluded from meta-analysis study that prevalence of depression and anxiety is alarmingly high. There is a need of the hour to develop and design the mental health prevention programs and health education programs to overcome this issue.
The Relationship Between Degrees of Pre-Operative Anxiety With Pain and Post Operative Answer in Patients Who Undergo C-Section With Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Ginting Boy Olifu Elniko , Nasution Akhyar Hamonangan , Harto Soejat
Published: September 2020

Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling that is considered a fear of a threatening danger, often the threat is unknown and always includes various emotional and hemodynamic responses experienced by the organism prior to emotional stimulation. To determine the relationship between the degree of pre-operative anxiety with post-operative pain in patients undergoing cesarean sectio with spinal anesthesia techniques at H. Adam Malik Hospital. Descriptive analytic research was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan from May to June 2020. The study population was all subjects scheduled to undergo sectio cesarea with spinal anesthesia at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital. The total sample obtained was 28 patients. The normal test of numerical data test was used with the Spearman Correlation test. The research hypothesis was tested using the Mann-Whitney test. In the study conducted on 28 samples divided into 2 groups, it was found that there was a moderate and direct relationship between APAIS scores and VAS scores. Based on this study, it was found that the average preoperative APAIS score was 11.07 (± 3.79). And for the mean value of postoperative VAS is 2.37 (± 1.04). In the result of this study it was found that there was a moderate and unidirectional relationship to the APAIS score and this VAS score (p <0.05). While the preoperative APAIS score was 11.07 (± 3.79). And for the mean postoperative VAS-A value is 3.33 (± 1.03). In the result of this study also found that there is a strong and direct relationship in the APAIS score and this VASA score (p<0.05). There is a moderate and direct relationship between APAIS scores and this VAS score and that there is a strong and direct relationship in the APAIS score and this VAS-A score
MEMAKNAI TOLERANSI DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KERUKUNAN ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA
Authors: Lukman
Published: September 2020

Problem kerukunan umat beragama adalah persoalan yang berkepanjangan dan belum selesai sampai saat ini, hubungan antar umat beragama di Indonesia masih sering diwarnai konflik fisik. Maka sejak masa orde Baru pemerintah telah mengupayakan berbagaimacam cara untuk merukunkan umat beragama di Indonesia. Tulisan ini mencoba menela’ah upaya-upaya mewujudkan kerukunan umat bergama tersebut, khususnya konsep yang diajukan oleh Prof. Mukti Ali selaku mentri Agama periode 1967-1984 yaitu konsep agree in disagreemen dan dialog antar umat beragama. Hasil dari tulisan ini adalah bahwa Islam telah memiliki konsep yang sangat konfrehensip dalam menyelesaikan problem-problem hubungan antar umat beragama, dan telah dicontohkan Rasulullah SAW dan sahabat-sabahatnya sesudah beliau wafat. Maka seharusnyalah kaum muslimin ketika mengahdapi problem-problem semacam ini mengacu kembali pada konsep-konsep Islam tentang hal tersebut, seperti konsep toleransi dalam Islam, konsep Islam dalam memandang agama lain dan sebagainya.
A REVIEW OF THE CRITERIA OF THE PREDICTION OF STUDENTS’ CREATIVE SKILLS IN THE VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION
Authors: Ulger Kani
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to predict the creativity in the painting area of students in visual arts education.
This study reviews conducted on the publications. In this review, eight categories were classified related to the creativity
by a hierarchical method as follows: definition, components, assessment, measurement, criteria, tests, scoring, and the art.
According to the content analysis, the categories were originality, fluency, flexibility, boundary-breaking independent,
unconventionality, and perspective which were determined as universal criteria for general content regarding creativity
measurement. However, the aesthetic, technical skill, imagination, elaboration, closure, and idea generation were identified
as specific criteria for the creativity measurement regarding the painting in the visual arts education. This review study
indicated that the creative skills of students in the visual arts education can be predicted by the criteria in which
a combination of the universal and specific criteria inclusively.
π Earth: A 3.14 day Earth-sized Planet from K2's Kitchen Served Warm by the SPECULOOS Team
Authors: Niraula Prajwal , Wit Julien de , Rackham Benjamin V. , Ducrot Elsa , Burdanov Artem , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Grootel Valérie Van , Murray Catriona , Garcia Lionel J. , Alonso Roi , Beard Corey , Maqueo Chew Yilen Gómez , Delrez Laetitia , Demory Brice-Olivier , Fulton Benjamin J. , Gillon Michaël , Günther Maximilian N. , Howard Andrew W. , Issacson Howard , Jehin Emmanuël , Pedersen Peter P. , Pozuelos Francisco J. , Queloz Didier , Rebolo-López Rafael , Lalitha Sairam , Sebastian Daniel , Thompson Samantha , Triaud Amaury H. M. J.
Published: September 2020

We report on the discovery of a transiting Earth-sized (0.95R
⊕) planet around an M3.5 dwarf star at 57 pc, EPIC 249631677. The planet has a period of ∼3.14 days, i.e., ∼π, with an installation of 7.45 S⊕. The detection was made using publicly available data from K2's Campaign 15. We observed three additional transits with SPECULOOS Southern and Northern Observatories, and a stellar spectrum from Keck/HIRES, which allowed us to validate the planetary nature of the signal. The confirmed planet is well suited for comparative terrestrial exoplanetology. While exoplanets transiting ultracool dwarfs present the best opportunity for atmospheric studies of terrestrial exoplanets with the James Webb Space Telescope, those orbiting mid-M dwarfs within 100 pc such as EPIC 249631677b will become increasingly accessible with the next generation of observatories.
Integrating Light Curve and Atmospheric Modeling of Transiting Exoplanets
Authors: Yip K. H. , Tsiaras A. , Waldmann I. P. , Tinetti G.
Published: September 2020

Spectral retrieval techniques are currently our best tool to interpret the observed exoplanet atmospheric data. Said techniques retrieve the optimal atmospheric components and parameters by identifying the best fit to an observed transmission/emission spectrum. Over the past decade, our understanding of remote worlds in our galaxy has flourished thanks to the use of increasingly sophisticated spectral retrieval techniques and the collective effort of the community working on exoplanet atmospheric models. A new generation of instruments in space and from the ground is expected to deliver higher quality data in the next decade; it is therefore paramount to upgrade current models and improve their reliability, their completeness, and the numerical speed with which they can be run. In this paper, we address the issue of reliability of the results provided by retrieval models in the presence of systematics of unknown origin. More specifically, we demonstrate that if we fit directly individual light curves at different wavelengths (L-retrieval), instead of fitting transit or eclipse depths, as it is currently done (S-retrieval), the said methodology is more sensitive against astrophysical and instrumental noise. This new approach is tested, in particular, when discrepant simulated observations from Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 and Spitzer/IRAC are combined. We find that while S-retrievals converge to an incorrect solution without any warning, L-retrievals are able to flag potential discrepancies between the data sets.
Mathematical Underpinnings of the Multiwavelength Structure of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
Authors: Madore Barry F. , Freedman Wendy L.
Published: September 2020

We consider the application of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) in the optical and in the near-infrared for the determination of distances to nearby galaxies. We analyze ACS VI (F555W and F814W) data and self-consistently cross-calibrate WFC3-IR JH (F110W and F120W) data using an absolute magnitude calibration of M

I
 = −4.05 mag as determined in the Large Magellanic Cloud using detached eclipsing binary star geometric parallaxes. We demonstrate how the optical and near-infrared calibrations of the TRGB method are mathematically self-consistent, and illustrate the mathematical basis and relations among these multiwavelength calibrations. We go on to present a method for determining the reddening, extinction, and the true modulus to the host galaxy using multiwavelength data. The power of the method is that with high-precision data, the reddening can be determined using the TRGB stars themselves, and decreases the systematic (albeit generally small) uncertainty in distance due to reddening for these halo stars.
WIYN Open Cluster Study. LXXXII. Radial-velocity Measurements and Spectroscopic Binary Orbits in the Open Cluster NGC 7789
Authors: Nine Andrew C. , Milliman Katelyn E. , Mathieu Robert D. , Geller Aaron M. , Leiner Emily M. , Platais Imants , Tofflemire Benjamin M.
Published: September 2020

We present an extensive time-series radial-velocity (RV) survey of stars in the rich open cluster NGC 7789 (1.6 Gyr, [Fe/H] = +0.02). The stellar sample lies within an 18′ circular radius from the cluster center (10 pc in projection, or about 2 core radii), and includes giants, red clump stars, blue stragglers, red stragglers, sub-subgiants, and main-sequence stars down to 1 mag below the turnoff. Our survey began in 2005 and comprises more than 9000 RV measurements from the Hydra Multi-Object Spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope. We identify 624 likely cluster members and present the orbital solutions for 81 cluster binary stars with periods between 1.45 and 4200 days. From the main-sequence binary solutions we fit a circularization period of

days. We calculate an incompleteness-corrected main-sequence binary frequency of 31% ± 4% for binaries with periods less than 104 days, similar to other WIYN Open Cluster Survey (WOCS) open clusters of all ages. We detect a blue straggler binary frequency of 33% ± 17%, consistent with the similarly aged open cluster NGC 6819. We also find one secure, rapidly rotating sub-subgiant and one red straggler candidate in our sample.
Multiple Transits during a Single Conjunction: Identifying Transiting Circumbinary Planetary Candidates from TESS
Authors: Kostov Veselin B. , Welsh William F. , Haghighipour Nader , Quarles Billy , Agol Eric , Doyle Laurance , Fabrycky Daniel C. , Li Gongjie , Martin David V. , Mills Sean , Mazeh Tsevi , Orosz Jerome A. , Powell Brian P.
Published: September 2020

We present results of a study on identifying circumbinary planet candidates that produce multiple transits during one conjunction with eclipsing binary systems. The occurrence of these transits enables us to estimate the candidates’ orbital periods, which is crucial as the periods of the currently known transiting circumbinary planets are significantly longer than the typical observational baseline of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Combined with the derived radii, it also provides valuable information needed for follow-up observations and subsequent confirmation of a large number of circumbinary planet candidates from TESS. Motivated by the discovery of the 1108 day circumbinary planet Kepler-1647, we show the application of this technique to four of Kepler’s circumbinary planets that produce such transits. Our results indicate that in systems where the circumbinary planet is on a low-eccentricity orbit, the estimated planetary orbital period is within <10%–20% of the true value. This estimate is derived from photometric observations spanning less than 5% of the planet’s period, demonstrating the strong capability of the technique. Capitalizing on the current and future eclipsing binaries monitored by NASA’s TESS mission, we estimate that hundreds of circumbinary planet candidates producing multiple transits during one conjunction will be detected in the TESS data. Such a large sample will enable statistical understanding of the population of planets orbiting binary stars and shed new light on their formation and evolution.
Evidence of Systematic Errors in Spitzer Microlens Parallax Measurements
Authors: Koshimoto Naoki , Bennett David P.
Published: September 2020

The microlensing parallax campaign with the Spitzer space telescope aims to measure masses and distances of microlensing events seen toward the Galactic bulge, with a focus on planetary microlensing events. The hope is to measure how the distribution of planets depends on position within the Galaxy. In this paper, we compare 50 microlens parallax measurements from the 2015 Spitzer campaign to three different Galactic models commonly used in microlensing analyses, and we find that ≥74% of these events have microlensing parallax values higher than the medians predicted by Galactic models. The Anderson–Darling tests indicate probabilities of p
AD < 6.6 × 10−5 for these three Galactic models, while the binomial probability of such a large fraction of large microlensing parallax values is <4.6 × 10−4. Given that many Spitzer light curves show evidence of large correlated errors, we conclude that this discrepancy is probably due to systematic errors in the Spitzer photometry. We find formally acceptable probabilities of p
AD > 0.05 for subsamples of events with bright source stars (I
S ≤ 17.75) or Spitzer coverage of the light-curve peak. This indicates that the systematic errors have a more serious influence on faint events, especially when the light-curve peak is not covered by Spitzer. We find that multiplying an error bar renormalization factor of 2.2 by the reported error bars on the Spitzer microlensing parallax measurements provides reasonable agreement with all three Galactic models. However, corrections to the uncertainties in the Spitzer photometry itself are a more effective way to address the systematic errors.
C2N2 Vertical Profile in Titan’s Stratosphere
Authors: Sylvestre M. , Teanby N. A. , Dobrijevic M. , Sharkey J. , Irwin P. G. J.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we present the first measurements of the vertical distribution of cyanogen (

) in Titan’s lower atmosphere at different latitudes and seasons, using Cassini’s Composite Infrared Spectrometer far-infrared data. We also study the vertical distribution of three other minor species detected in our data: methylacetylene (

), diacetylene (

), and

, in order to compare them to

, but also to get an overview of their seasonal and meridional variations in Titan’s lower stratosphere from 85 km to 225 km. We measured an average volume mixing ratio of

 of

at 125 km at the equator, but poles exhibit a strong enrichment in

 (up to a factor 100 compared to the equator), greater than what was measured for

 or

. Measuring

 profiles provides constraints on the processes controlling its distribution, such as bombardment by Galactic Cosmic Rays which seem to have a smaller influence on

 than predicted by photochemical models.
Mapping the Galactic Disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red Clump Sample. IV. The Kinematic Signature of the Galactic Warp
Authors: Li X.-Y. , Huang Y. , Chen B.-Q. , Wang H.-F. , Sun W.-X. , Guo H.-L. , Li Q.-Z. , Liu X.-W.
Published: September 2020

Using a sample of nearly 140,000 red clump stars selected from the LAMOST and Gaia Galactic surveys, we have mapped mean vertical velocity

in the X–Y plane for a large volume of the Galactic disk (6 < R < 16 kpc; −20 < ϕ < 50°;

kpc). A clear signature where

increases with R is detected for the chemically thin disk. The signature for the thick disk, however, is not significant, in line with the hot nature of this disk component. For the thin disk, the warp signature shows significant variations in both the radial and azimuthal directions, in excellent agreement with the previous results of star counts. Fitting the two-dimensional distribution of

with a simple long-lived static warp model yields a line-of-node angle for this kinematic warp of about 12.°5, again consistent with the previous results.
Turbulence Sets the Length Scale for Planetesimal Formation: Local 2D Simulations of Streaming Instability and Planetesimal Formation
Authors: Klahr Hubert , Schreiber Andreas
Published: September 2020

The trans-Neptunian object 2014 MU69, named Arrokoth, is the most recent evidence that planetesimals did not form by successive collisions of smaller objects, but by the direct gravitational collapse of a pebble cloud. But what process sets the physical scales on which this collapse may occur? Star formation has the Jeans mass, that is, when gravity is stronger than thermal pressure, helping us to understand the mass of our Sun. But what controls mass and size in the case of planetesimal formation? Both asteroids and Kuiper Belt objects show a kink in their size distribution at 100 km. Here we derive a gravitational collapse criterion for a pebble cloud to fragment to planetesimals, showing that a critical mass is needed for the clump to overcome turbulent diffusion. We successfully tested the validity of this criterion in direct numerical simulations of planetesimal formation triggered by the streaming instability. Our result can therefore explain the sizes for planetesimals found forming in streaming instability simulations in the literature, while not addressing the detailed size distribution. We find that the observed characteristic diameter of ∼100 km corresponds to the critical mass of a pebble cloud set by the strength of turbulent diffusion stemming from streaming instability for a wide region of a solar nebula model from 2 to 60 au, with a tendency to allow for smaller objects at distances beyond and at late times, when the nebula gas gets depleted.
A Modified Algorithm and Open-source Computational Package for the Determination of Infrared Optical Constants Relevant to Astrophysics
Authors: Gerakines Perry A. , Hudson Reggie L.
Published: September 2020

Infrared (IR) telescopes, such as Spitzer and SOFIA, have revealed a rich variety of chemical species trapped in interstellar ices. The most fundamental parameters to be derived from observed IR spectra are the identity and abundance of each component. Several compounds have been conclusively or tentatively identified, but the band strengths and optical constants needed to derive accurate abundances for many of these are poorly constrained. We have developed a modified approach to the extraction of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index (optical constants) of a thin film from a single transmission spectrum measured in the IR spectral range. Our algorithm is similar to those implemented by previous authors, with some major changes that yield results for strong absorptions where previous approaches fail: (1) an adaptive k-correction step size, (2) the use of a root-finding algorithm to obtain a more accurate k-correction at each iteration, and (3) a k-correction step that prevents non-physical results such as negative n-values that prevent convergence in the calculation algorithm. The algorithm is presented and described, with examples to show agreement with some existing results and improvements upon others. New optical-constants calculations for CH3OH, CO2, N2O, and CH4 are presented, and potential implications for the modeling of interstellar and planetary ice data from space telescopes are discussed. With the objective of being open-source and transparent, the full source code in the free Python programming language is made available along with the compiled version and the laboratory data used to produce the results shown.
Atmospheric Dynamics on Terrestrial Planets with Eccentric Orbits
Authors: Guendelman Ilai , Kaspi Yohai
Published: September 2020

The insolation a planet receives from its parent star is the main driver of the climate and depends on the planet’s orbital configuration. Planets with nonzero obliquity and eccentricity experience variations in seasonal insolation. As a result, the climate exhibits a seasonal cycle, with its strength depending on the orbital configuration and atmospheric characteristics. In this study, using an idealized general circulation model, we examine the climate response to changes in eccentricity for both zero and nonzero obliquity planets. In the zero obliquity case, a comparison between the seasonal response to changes in eccentricity and perpetual changes in the solar constant shows that the seasonal response strongly depends on the orbital period and radiative timescale. More specifically, using a simple energy balance model, we show the importance of the latitudinal structure of the radiative timescale in the climate response. We also show that the response strongly depends on the atmospheric moisture content. The combination of an eccentric orbit with nonzero obliquity is complex, as the insolation also depends on the perihelion position. Although the detailed response of the climate to variations in eccentricity, obliquity, and perihelion is involved, the circulation is constrained mainly by the thermal Rossby number and the maximum temperature latitude. Finally, we discuss the importance of different planetary parameters that affect the climate response to orbital configuration variations.