bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revised mineral dust emissions in the atmospheric chemistry-climate model EMAC (based on MESSy 2.52)
Authors: Klingmüller Klaus , Metzger Swen , Abdelkader Mohamed , Karydis Vlassis A. , Stenchikov Georgiy L. , Pozzer Andrea , Lelieveld Jos
Published: July 2017

Abstract. To improve the aeolian dust budget calculations with the global ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistry-climate model (EMAC) we have implemented new input data and updates of the emission scheme. The data set comprises landcover classification, vegetation, clay fraction and topography. It is based on up-to-date observations, which is crucial to account for the rapid changes of deserts and semi-arid regions in recent decades. The new Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) based landcover and vegetation data is time dependent, and the effect of long-term trends and variability of the relevant parameters is therefore considered by the emission scheme. All input data has a spatial resolution of at least 0.1° compared to 1° in the previous version, equipping the model for high resolution simulations. We validate the updates by comparing results for the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm wavelength from a one year simulation at T106 (about 1.1°) resolution with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and MODIS observations, and results for 10 μm dust AOD (DAOD) with Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) retrievals. The update significantly improves agreement with the observations and is therefore recommended to be used in future simulations.
A nonparametric approach toward upper bounds to transit time distribution functions
Authors: Bardsley Earl
Published: July 2017

Abstract. A nonparametric method is proposed as a possible approach to obtaining upper bounds to distribution functions of time-varying transit times for catchment environmental tracers. A discretization is employed for the tracer throughput process, with tracer input represented as a sequence of K discrete pulses over a given time period. Each input pulse is associated with a different and unknown upper-bounded nonparametric discrete transit time distribution. The model transit time distribution function is therefore a K-component finite mixture of different and unknown discrete distribution functions, weighted by the relative magnitudes of the respective tracer pulses. Upper bounds to this distribution function can be obtained by linear programming to achieve a sequence of K discrete optimised transit time distributions which yield the maximum possible value of tracer fraction less than a given age, subject to a constraint of matching the catchment tracer output time series to some specified linear measure of accuracy. The individual optimised distributions do not estimate actual transit time distributions and the optimisation procedure is not hydrological modelling. This is actually a strength of the methodology in that the true transit time distributions are permitted to be created as a consequence of any time-varying nonlinear catchment process with complete or partial mixing. However, a negative aspect is that the extreme flexibility of K different nonparametric distributions is likely to give transit time distribution functions upper bounds near 1, unless sufficient constraints can be imposed on the form of the individual optimised distributions. There is a possibility, however, that optimising just a single nonparametric L-shaped discrete distribution could yield useful distribution function upper bounds for time-varying situations.
THE EXTRACTION OF INDOOR BUILDING INFORMATION FROM BIM TO OGC INDOORGML
Authors: Teo T.-A. , Yu S.-C.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Indoor Spatial Data Infrastructure (indoor-SDI) is an important SDI for geosptial analysis and location-based services. Building Information Model (BIM) has high degree of details in geometric and semantic information for building. This study proposed direct conversion schemes to extract indoor building information from BIM to OGC IndoorGML. The major steps of the research include (1) topological conversion from building model into indoor network model; and (2) generation of IndoorGML. The topological conversion is a major process of generating and mapping nodes and edges from IFC to indoorGML. Node represents every space (e.g. IfcSpace) and objects (e.g. IfcDoor) in the building while edge shows the relationships between nodes. According to the definition of IndoorGML, the topological model in the dual space is also represented as a set of nodes and edges. These definitions of IndoorGML are the same as in the indoor network. Therefore, we can extract the necessary data in the indoor network and easily convert them into IndoorGML based on IndoorGML Schema. The experiment utilized a real BIM model to examine the proposed method. The experimental results indicated that the 3D indoor model (i.e. IndoorGML model) can be automatically imported from IFC model by the proposed procedure. In addition, the geometric and attribute of building elements are completely and correctly converted from BIM to indoor-SDI.
ANSWERING GEOSPARQL QUERIES OVER RELATIONAL DATA
Authors: Bereta K. , Xiao G. , Koubarakis M.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In this paper we present the system Ontop-spatial that is able to answer GeoSPARQL queries on top of geospatial relational databases, performing on-the-fly GeoSPARQL-to-SQL translation using ontologies and mappings. GeoSPARQL is a geospatial extension of the query language SPARQL standardized by OGC for querying geospatial RDF data. Our approach goes beyond relational databases and covers all data that can have a relational structure even at the logical level. Our purpose is to enable GeoSPARQL querying on-the-fly integrating multiple geospatial sources, without converting and materializing original data as RDF and then storing them in a triple store. This approach is more suitable in the cases where original datasets are stored in large relational databases (or generally in files with relational structure) and/or get frequently updated.
Simulating ice thickness and velocity evolution of Upernavik Isstrøm
1849–2012 by forcing prescribed terminus positions in ISSM
Authors: Haubner Konstanze , Box Jason E. , Schlegel Nicole J. , Larour Eric Y. , Morlighem Mathieu , Solgaard Anne M. , Kjellerup Kristian K. , Larsen Signe H. , Kjær Kurt H.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Tidewater glacier velocity and mass balance are sensitive to terminus retreat. Yet, it remains challenging for ice flow models to reproduce observed ice marginal changes. Here, we simulate the 1849–2012 ice velocity and thickness changes on Upernavik Isstrøm using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM; Larour et al., 2012), by prescribing observed glacier terminus changes. We find that a realistic ISSM simulation of the past mass balance and velocity evolution of Upernavik Isstrøm is highly dependent on terminus retreat. At the end of the 164 year simulation, the 1990–2012 ice surface elevation and velocities and are within ±20 % of the observations. Thus, our model setup provides a realistic simulation of the 1849–2012 evolution for Upernavik Isstrøm. Increased ice flow acceleration is simulated during the 1930s, late 1970s and between 1995 and 2012, coinciding with increased prescribed negative surface mass balance anomalies and terminus retreat. The simulation suggests three distinct periods of mass change: (1849–1932) having near zero mass balance, (1932–1992) with ice mass loss dominated by ice dynamical flow, and (1998–2012), where increased retreat and negative surface mass balance anomalies lead to mass loss twice that of any earlier year. The main products resulting from this study are 1849–2012 reconstruction of surface elevation, velocity and grounding line position of Upernavik Isstrøm.
The Concealed Saint: The Writings of Inés de Moncada (1388–1428)
Authors: Dragiyski Boncho
Published: July 2017

This is the first academic article that introduces and studies Inés de Moncada (d. 1428), a popular saint from the Valencian region of Serra. It examines the written sources for her life, which began to proliferate in the 1500s and 1600s, in works dedicated to other saints and in larger hagiographic compendia. In particular, it provides a discussion of the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century texts that incorporated details about her life. While examining these written sources, this article considers the possible intertextual interrelationships between them and between these works and the other written and oral sources that they communicated with. It proposes that these earlier accounts responded, in part, to a popular cult that had developed around Inés de Moncada after her miraculous death in the Serra mountains.
Discurso de aceptación del Doctorado Honoris Causa en la Educación de la Universidad Francisco Gavidia
Authors: Toruño René
Published: July 2017

Sin Resumen

Realidad y Reflexión Año 17, No 45, Enero-Junio 2017: 17-21
Evaluación de impacto del Programa Empresa Centro en El Salvador
Authors: Olmos Guevara Ricardo
Published: July 2017

El Programa Empresa Centro constituye una de las oportunidades de formación profesional en El Salvador, que apoyan tanto a la población vulnerable y con deseos de formación y a las empresas privadas interesadas en mano de obra especializada. Los resultados indican que los cursos de actualización y formación profesional son claves para incidir en el bienestar del participante y en el de su familia, dado que se eleva la condición de empleabilidad y mejora sustantivamente los ingresos. El autor aplica las herramientas econométricas para determinar los impactos en la formación profesional en materia de empleo y el ingreso utilizando para tal fin el enfoque econométrico de la doble diferencia.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 17, No 45, Enero-Junio 2017: 32-44
Buenas prácticas para el destino final de los residuos electrónicos
Authors: Humberstone Morales James Edward
Published: July 2017

El acelerado aumento en el consumo de dispositivos eléctricos y electrónicos ha generado un incremento en la elaboración de dichos productos. Debido a los diseños que reducen la vida útil de estos artículos, se ha apresurado la generación de los residuos electrónicos. Uno de los principales desafíos del desarrollo Tecnológico es el adecuado manejo de los elementos tóxicos de estos desechos, para prevenir un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente y en la salud de las personas.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 17, No 45, Enero-Junio 2017: 68-76
The Diary of Heinrich Witt
Authors: Schaser Angelika
Published: July 2017

A biography of Heinrich Witt authored by Christa Wetzel opens an impressive edition of Witt’s diary, written during the 19th century. Heinrich Witt, born in 1799 in Altona into a protestant merchant family, emigrated in his twenties to Peru where he spent most of his lifetime until his death in 1892. After school, the young Witt started a career as a merchant in Altona and was sent to England by his father in 1823, then left Europe to travel to Peru in 1824. First he acted for a trading company in London which started a new branch in Arequipa, Peru. In 1842 he went into business for himself, firstly dealt with wool and textiles, and focused on financial business from the 1860s onwards. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on Janury 14th 2017 and published on April 29th 2017. New page numbers added on May 8th 2017
Diagnostic Single Gene Analyses Beyond Sanger
Authors: Najm Juliane , Rath Matthias , Schröder Winnie , Felbor Ute
Published: July 2017

Molecular testing of congenital coagulation and platelet disorders offers confirmation of clinical diagnoses, supports genetic counselling, and enables predictive and prenatal diagnosis. In some cases, genotype-phenotype correlations are important for predicting the clinical course of the disease and adaptation of individualized therapy. Until recently, genotyping has been mainly performed by Sanger sequencing. While next generation sequencing (NGS) enables the parallel analysis of multiple genes, the cost-value ratio of custom-made panels can be unfavorable for analyses of specific small genes. The aim of this study was to transfer genotyping of small genes involved in congenital coagulation and platelet disorders from Sanger sequencing to an NGS-based method. A LR-PCR approach for target enrichment of the entire genomic regions of the genes F7, F10, F11, F12, GATA1, MYH9, TUBB1 and WAS was combined with high-throughput sequencing on a MiSeq platform. NGS detected all variants that had previously been identified by Sanger sequencing. Our results demonstrate that this approach is an accurate and flexible tool for molecular genetic diagnostics of single small genes.
Knowledge Translation Platform Increasing Use of Research Evidence in Physical Activity Policy Making - A Case Study in Finland
Authors: Hämalainen Riitta-Maija
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND: Knowledge Translation Platform (KTP) in partnerships between policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers was established in order to enhance evidence-informed policymaking on physical activity. The article aims to give answers to specific questions, such as what were the main knowledge translation tools to improve access to research evidence in physical activity policy in Finland; which factors facilitated the improvements in use of research evidence, and what kind of procedures were implemented to improve the use of research evidence in policy making.METHODS: The study triangulated qualitative data from documents, reviews and observations of meetings between 2012 and 2013. Purposive sampling of meeting documents was used and data was analysed using a thematic content analysis of documents.RESULTS: KTP contributed to an increased awareness of the importance of the use of research evidence in physical activity policymaking, and strengthened relationships between policymakers, stakeholders and researchers. Support from policymakers and professionals as well as a window of opportunity facilitated KTP activities. Based on the KTP experience, institutionalization within the government could help to keep the use of research evidence high on the agenda.CONCLUSIONS: The case study provided unique insights into what counts for developing use of research evidence in policymaking. The expectations of the public policy were to give a larger role to evidence-informed policymaking, but expectations conflicted between the interests of various stakeholders. The establishment of KTP was a promising development in supporting the use of research evidence in physical activity policymaking. Real-time lesson drawing from the experiences of KTP can support improvements in the functioning of KTP in the short term, while making the case for sustaining their work in the long term.
Reading Literacy and Learning Strategies in First Language Learning: A Multilevel Approach
Authors: Alhabahba Mohammad Madallh , Rabadi Reem Ibrahim , Mahfoodh Omer Hassan Ali
Published: July 2017

This study documents an investigation of multilevel data from the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment to examine the reading literacy of 5,944 15-year-old students in Jordanian schools. A multilevel model was employed to examine the factors linked to students’ reading literacy from both students’ and schools’ levels. At students’ level, the study revealed that metacognition, elaboration, memorization, structuring, and scaffolding strategies were significant predictors of students’ reading literacy. At schools’ level, the study showed that school type, extracurricular activities, and teachers’ behaviour were significant predictors of students’ reading literacy. Practical implications and recommendations to research community at local and international levels are provided in this study.
MEIOS ALTERNATIVOS DE SOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITO: ESTUDO DAS SOCIEDADES PRIMITIVAS E O NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Pearce Gabrielle Apoliano Gomes Albuquerque , Albuquerque Ludmila Apoliano Gomes
Published: July 2017

Ao estudar as sociedades primitivas percebe-se a presença dos meios alternativos de solução de conflito, apesar da ausência de positivação. O chefe indígena era o líder do grupo que deveria ter boa oratória, generosidade e ser moderador. Não podia repelir um conflito levado a ele, competindo manter a paz e a harmonia. Desta forma, o presente artigo objetiva investigar a importância dos meios de solução de conflitos e a sua existência desde as sociedades primitivas, revelando-os não como inovação jurídica, mas sim já presente nas antigas sociedades. E, ainda, apresentar as disposições trazidas pelo novo Código de Processo Civil de 2015 com relação a estes meios. A natureza da pesquisa é qualitativa, lidando com os fatos sociais, teórica, através de fontes bibliográficas, e descritiva, com os fenômenos como vistos pelo pesquisador, através do método hipotético-dedutivo. A importância do tema revela-se na existência dos meios de solução de conflito desde antes de sua positivação.
O CONSTITUCIONALISMO SOB O VIÉS DA PÓS-MODERNIDADE
Authors: Nunes Francisco Pizzette , Pilati José Isaac
Published: July 2017

O artigo parte metodologicamente dos conceitos de paradigma, modernidade e de transição paradigmática à pós-modernidade; e com base nesse aporte procura confrontar neoconstitucionalismo e garantismo como propostas de superação do positivismo, contrapondo a ambas as teorias e ao constitucionalismo da modernidade em geral, uma nova perspectiva, pela via do resgate do coletivo, ou seja, por uma teoria pós-moderna do Direito; teoria inspirada na experiência romana de república com democracia direta, a qual parte da dimensão participativa da soberania, relativamente aos bens coletivos e à autocomposição dos conflitos coletivos. Conclui-se que a vertente do constitucionalismo da modernidade não tem solução para enfrentar adequadamente a complexidade dos conflitos pós-modernos.
O DIREITO AO ESQUECIMENTO COMO TUTELA DOS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE SOB A ÓTICA DO DIREITO CIVIL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Divino Sthéfano Bruno Santos , Siqueira Lucas André Viegas Carvalho de
Published: July 2017

A evolução tecnológica encontra-se como característica intrínseca da sociedade contemporânea. A partir dessa premissa, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o instituto do direito ao esquecimento, a fim de identificar a sua incidência e aplicabilidade, seja no direito brasileiro, seja no direito comparado, no âmbito da sociedade da informação. O problema encontra-se na falta de respaldo legal para sua utilização no sistema jurídico brasileiro. Contudo, através da obtenção de dados através da pesquisa bibliográfica e o uso dos métodos empírico dialético, empírico generalizado e dedutivo, concluiu-se pela possibilidade da aplicação deste instituto visando à proteção e tutela dos direitos da personalidade, desde que preenchidos os requisitos para tanto, fazendo com que a tutela jurídica inibitória do Poder Judiciário recaia sobre tais direitos e efetive o cumprimento e satisfação da aplicação do direito ao esquecimento.
Complications of orbital endoimplantation in the Eye Clinic of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
Authors: Piškinienė Raimonda , Banevičius Mantas
Published: July 2017

The aim of the study was to analyse the rate of complications of orbital endoimplantation in patients operated from 2002 to 2014 at the Eye Clinic of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences and to compare it with the results in the literature. Enucleation must be performed very carefully in order to prevent any additional trauma, infection, deformation, and to create an optimal conjunctival socket. However, complications occur despite efforts and qualified surgeons. The most common complications described in the literature are thinning and cysts of the conjunctiva, a foreign body reaction, secretion, symblepharons, fornix deficiency, ptosis, permanent pain, dislocation, migration and protrusion of the  implant, a primary or secondary infection, and implant extrusion.
From 2002 to 2014, 128 patients underwent orbital endoimplantation surgery at the  Eye Clinic. The  most common complications were conjunctival erosion (five patients, or 2.9%), cysts (nine patients, or 7%), and implant extrusion (five patients, or 2.9%). The type and rate of complications were very similar to the data in the literature.
Cell-free DNA in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gedvilaitė Vaida , Schveigert Diana , Cicėnas Saulius
Published: July 2017

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Surgery is the standard treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Advances in the knowledge of the biology of non-small cell lung cancer have revealed molecular information used for systemic cancer therapy targeting metastatic disease, with an important impact on patients’ overall survival (OS) and quality of life. However, a biopsy of overt metastases is an invasive procedure limited to certain locations and not easily acceptable in the clinic. The analysis of peripheral blood samples of cancer patients represents a new source of cancer-derived material, known as liquid biopsy, and its components (circulating tumour cells (CTCS), circulating free DNA (cfDNA), exosomes, and tumour-educated platelets (TEP)) can be obtained from almost any body fluids. These components have shown to reflect characteristics of the status of both the primary and metastatic diseases, helping the clinicians to move towards a personalized medicine (1). This review focuses on the liquid biopsy component – circulating free DNA, its benefit for non-invasive screening, early diagnosis, prognosis, response to treatment, and real time monitoring of the disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Processus de co-construction et rôle de l’objet biface en recherche collaborative
Authors: MARLOT Corinne , TOULLEC-THERY Marie , DAGUZON Marc
Published: July 2017

Notre étude poursuit une double préoccupation. La première relève de l’aspect méthodologique des recherches collaboratives : comment chercheurs et enseignants s’initient-ils mutuellement à l’univers de l’autre, à leurs référents respectifs ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques de leurs interactions, en quoi facilitent-elles l’intercompréhension ? La seconde relève des conditions du partenariat : comment se négocie l’objet de préoccupation mutuel, c’est-à-dire ce qui deviendra à la fois objet de recherche et objet de formation ? Cette étude montre que le développement professionnel des acteurs prend racine dans un processus de négociation-conversion, et ce, au travers de la mise en jeu d’objets biface. En ce sens, la collaboration s’établit autour d’un même objet, chaque acteur prenant en charge une face et ayant besoin de l’expérience de l’autre pour la développer. Nous pouvons alors parler d’acculturation réciproque. Ce travail montre que la collaboration s’établit une fois qu’elle a acquis les caractéristiques d’une situation de travail dans laquelle et par laquelle l’activité de chaque catégorie d’acteurs produit du développement.
Accompagner les groupes de recherche collaborative : en quoi consiste ce « faire avec » ?
Authors: BOURRASSA Bruno , PICARD France , LE BOSSÉ Yann , FOURNIER Geneviève
Published: July 2017

Plusieurs recherches collaboratives (RC) privilégient l’utilisation du groupe restreint, comme modalité d’investigation dominante au service de cette double ambition qui la caractérise soit, la production de connaissances scientifiques et le développement professionnel des participants. Ainsi, chercheurs et praticiens se rencontrent dans ce lieu commun pour analyser ensemble des problèmes qui les préoccupent et qui sont issus de la vie quotidienne de ces praticiens. L’accompagnement de ces groupes et de leurs participants est un défi de tous les instants et joue un rôle crucial dans la réalisation d’une RC. Mais en quoi consistent plus précisément cette posture et ce travail d’accompagnement ? Prenant appui sur leurs différentes expériences de la RC et en particulier sur une démarche systématique qu’ils ont mise au point ces dernières années, les auteurs de cet article proposent des éléments de réponse à cette vaste question. Les savoirs relatifs à la RC en tant qu’approche méthodologique et ceux rattachés aux processus et visées de l’apprentissage expérientiel, en particulier, leurs permettent d’étudier les enjeux de l’accompagnement à partir de points d’attention qui guident le chercheur et lui servent de repères dans l’exercice de cette fonction.
L’approche écocollaborative en éducation : un métissage culturel en quête d’homéostasie, d’émancipation et de self-empowerment
Authors: LESSARD Geneviève , BERGERON Julie , DEMERS Stéphanie , ANWANDTER CUELLAR Nathalie
Published: July 2017

Cet article s’appuie sur une expérience de recherche participative dont les conditions spécifiques de réalisation ont demandé des ajustements méthodologiques importants que nous proposons d’analyser. Les enjeux de la recherche ayant mené au choix méthodologique sont présentés de même que la méthodologie retenue. Les modifications témoignant d’une appropriation du pouvoir par les auteurs sont décrites et une réflexion sur leurs implications est discutée. Le constat avancé est que l’approcheécocollaborative, basée sur des relations harmonieuses et tenant compte de la complexité des systèmes, semble répondre à un besoin de revoir les conditions de « travail » de l’enseignante et de la chercheuse afin d’atténuer les contraintes institutionnelles, de repousser les limites de l’action professionnelle et ainsi édifier une culture commune émancipatrice et de self-empowerment.
Le phénomène « génération Y » : symbole d’une plainte existentielle ?
Authors: LUC Sylvain , FLEURY Charles
Published: July 2017

Cet essai théorique propose d’éclairer les tenants et aboutissants de la propagation chez les cadres du discours prophétique invitant à considérer le phénomène « génération Y » comme un défi à relever, voire un problème à résoudre, en vue d’assurer la survie et la pérennité des organisations professionnelles dont ils ont la charge. Prenant appui sur les récentes recherches sur le sujet, nous montrons d’abord que l’explication sociocognitive sous-jacente au concept de génération ne tient pas et que le phénomène « génération Y » relève du mythe. Ensuite, nous établissons que le discours sur les aspirations des jeunes travailleurs s’est transformé au fil du temps en un discours stigmatisant un ensemble de comportements problématiques pour la gestion des ressources humaines, puis nous décodons ces comportements en montrant qu’ils découlent de caractéristiques propres à la jeunesse et des transformations récentes du monde du travail. Enfin, nous avançons l’hypothèse selon laquelle le discours ambiant sur la « génération Y » revêt les allures d’une plainte existentielle et revendicatrice émanant de cadres et de gestionnaires et faisant écho aux difficultés et aux frustrations que ces derniers rencontrent dans cette société managériale postfordiste.
Decline of heterozygosity in a large but isolated population: a 45-year examination of moose genetic diversity on Isle Royale
Authors: Sattler Renae L. , Willoughby Janna R. , Swanson Bradley J.
Published: July 2017

Wildlife conservation and management approaches typically focus on demographic measurements to assess population viability over both short and long periods. However, genetic diversity is an important predictor of long term population vitality. We investigated the pattern of change in genetic diversity in a large and likely isolated moose (Alces alces) population on Isle Royale (Lake Superior) from 1960–2005. We characterized samples, partitioned into five different 5-year periods, using nine microsatellite loci and a portion of the mtDNA control region. We also simulated the moose population to generate a theoretical backdrop of genetic diversity change. In the empirical data, we found that the number of alleles was consistently low and that observed heterozygosity notably declined from 1960 to 2005 (p = 0.08,R2 = 0.70). Furthermore, inbreeding coefficients approximately doubled from 0.08 in 1960–65 to 0.16 in 2000–05. Finally, we found that the empirical rate of observed heterozygosity decline was faster than the rate of observed heterozygosity loss in our simulations. Combined, these data suggest that genetic drift and inbreeding occurred in the Isle Royale moose populations over the study period, leading to significant losses in heterozygosity. Although inbreeding can be mitigated by migration, we found no evidence to support the occurrence of recent migrants into the population using analysis of our mtDNA haplotypes nor microsatellite data. Therefore, the Isle Royale moose population illustrates that even large populations are subjected to inbreeding in the absence of migration.
The impact of water quality in Narragansett Bay on housing prices
Authors: Liu Tingting , Opaluch James J. , Uchida Emi
Published: July 2017

We examine the impact of water quality in Narragansett Bay on housing prices in coastal towns and cities using a hedonic housing‐price model. Unlike other hedonic studies of water quality, we test whether housing market responds to average water quality or more to extreme events. We also test the spatial and temporal extent of effects of water quality on housing prices. We find that poor coastal water quality, measured in terms of the concentration of chlorophyll, has a negative impact on housing prices that diminishes with distance from the shoreline. Furthermore, our finding suggests that housing prices are most influenced by the extreme environmental conditions, which may be accompanied by unpleasant odors, discoloration, and even fish kills. We further predict potential increases in home values associated under water quality improvement scenarios and find an increase in the values of homes in coastal communities along Narragansett Bay of about $18 million up to $136 million.
Aseismic deformation associated with an earthquake swarm in the northern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Gualandi A. , Nichele C. , Serpelloni E. , Chiaraluce L. , Anderlini L. , Latorre D. , Belardinelli M. E. , Avouac J.‐P.
Published: July 2017

Analyzing the displacement time series from continuous GPS (cGPS) with an Independent Component Analysis, we detect a transient deformation signal that correlates both in space and time with a seismic swarm activity (maximum Mw=3.69 ± 0.09) occurred in the hanging wall of the Altotiberina normal fault (Northern Apennines, Italy) in 2013–2014. The geodetic transient lasted ∼6 months and produced a NW‐SE trending extension of ∼5.3 mm, consistent with the regional tectonic regime. The seismicity and the geodetic signal are consistent with slip on two splay faults in the Altotiberina fault (ATF) hanging wall. Comparing the seismic moment associated with the geodetic transient and the seismic events, we observe that seismicity accounts for only a fraction of the measured geodetic deformation. The combined seismic and aseismic slip decreased the Coulomb stress on the locked shallow portion of the ATF, while the transition region to the creeping section has been loaded.
A Mixed Component Supramolecular Hydrogel to Improve Mice Cardiac Function and Alleviate Ventricular Remodeling after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chen Guoqin , Li Jinliang , Song Mingcai , Wu Zhiye , Zhang Wenzhu , Wang Zhongyan , Gao Jie , Yang Zhimou , Ou Caiwen
Published: July 2017

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the major cause of death and disability in the world, and intramyocardial administration of biomaterials (e.g., hydrogels) along the perimeter of MI region is demonstrated as an effective way for the treatment of MI. The curcumin has anti‐inflammation, antioxidation, and antiapoptosis properties, and nitric oxide (NO) molecules are favorable for angiogenesis. This study prepares a mixed component hydrogel capable of releasing both bioactive curcumin and NO for the treatment of MI. The study shows that the combinational treatment of curcumin and NO can remarkably reduce collagen deposition, improve cardiac function, ameliorate adverse myocardium remodeling, suppress apoptosis, and hypertrophy as well as attenuate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and upregulate the expression of silent information regulator 1 than curcumin alone, because of the synergistic action of both molecules and the angiogenesis promotion ability of NO. The results indicate that codelivery of curcumin and NO in a controllable manner by hydrogels might be considered as a promising option for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transporting Materials for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Paek Sanghyun , Qin Peng , Lee Yonghui , Cho Kyung Taek , Gao Peng , Grancini Giulia , Oveisi Emad , Gratia Paul , Rakstys Kasparas , Al‐Muhtaseb Shaheen A. , Ludwig Christian , Ko Jaejung , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: July 2017

Molecularly engineered novel dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) combined with mixed‐perovskite (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 (MA: CH3NH3+, FA: NH=CHNH3+) that exhibit an excellent power conversion efficiency of 18.9% under AM 1.5 conditions are investigated. The mobilities of FA‐CN, and TPA‐CN are determined to be 1.2 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 1.1 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Exceptional stability up to 500 h is measured with the PSC based on FA‐CN. Additionally, it is found that the maximum power output collected after 1300 h remained 65% of its initial value. This opens up new avenue for efficient and stable PSCs exploring new materials as alternatives to Spiro‐OMeTAD.
Poly(Vinylpyrollidone)‐ and Selenocysteine‐Modified Bi2Se3 Nanoparticles Enhance Radiotherapy Efficacy in Tumors and Promote Radioprotection in Normal Tissues
Authors: Du Jiangfeng , Gu Zhanjun , Yan Liang , Yong Yuan , Yi Xuan , Zhang Xiao , Liu Jing , Wu Renfei , Ge Cuicui , Chen Chunying , Zhao Yuliang
Published: July 2017

The development of a new generation of nanoscaled radiosensitizers that can not only enhance radiosensitization of tumor tissues, but also increase radioresistance of healthy tissue is highly desirable, but remains a great challenge. Here, this paper reports a new versatile theranostics based on poly(vinylpyrollidone)‐ and selenocysteine‐modified Bi2Se3 nanoparicles (PVP‐Bi2Se3@Sec NPs) for simultaneously enhancing radiotherapeutic effects and reducing the side‐effects of radiation. The as‐prepared nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced free‐radical generation upon X‐ray radiation, and remarkable photothermal effects under 808 nm NIR laser irradiation because of their strong X‐ray attenuation ability and high NIR absorption capability. Moreover, these PVP‐Bi2Se3@Sec NPs are biodegradable. In vivo, part of selenium can be released from NPs and enter the blood circulation system, which can enhance the immune function and reduce the side‐effects of radiation in the whole body. As a consequence, improved superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, promoted secretion of cytokines, increased number of white blood cell, and reduced marrow DNA suppression are found after radiation treatment in vivo. Moreover, there is no significant in vitro and in vivo toxicity of PVP‐Bi2Se3@Sec NPs during the treatment, which demonstrates that PVP‐Bi2Se3@Sec NPs have good biocompatibility.
Ternary Porous Cobalt Phosphoselenide Nanosheets: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for Electrocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Hou Yang , Qiu Ming , Zhang Tao , Zhuang Xiaodong , Kim Chang‐Soo , Yuan Chris , Feng Xinliang
Published: July 2017

Exploring efficient and earth‐abundant electrocatalysts is of great importance for electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. This study demonstrates a novel ternary electrocatalyst of porous cobalt phosphoselenide nanosheets prepared by a combined hydrogenation and phosphation strategy. Benefiting from the enhanced electric conductivity and large surface area, the ternary nanosheets supported on electrochemically exfoliated graphene electrodes exhibit excellent catalytic activity and durability toward hydrogen evolution in alkali, achieving current densities of 10 and 20 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of 150 and 180 mV, respectively, outperforming those reported for transition metal dichalcogenides and first‐row transition metal pyrites catalysts. Theoretical calculations reveal that the synergistic effects of Se vacancies and subsequent P displacements of Se atoms around the vacancies in the resulting cobalt phosphoselenide favorably change the electronic structure of cobalt selenide, assuring a rapid charge transfer and optimal energy barrier of hydrogen desorption, and thus promoting the proton kinetics. The overall‐water‐splitting with 10 mA cm−2 at a low voltage of 1.64 V is achieved using the ternary electrode as both the anode and cathode, and the performance surpasses that of the Ir/C–Pt/C couple for sufficiently high overpotentials. Moreover, the integration of ternary nanosheets with macroporous silicon enables highly efficient solar‐driven photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.
Ultra‐High Pyridinic N‐Doped Porous Carbon Monolith Enabling High‐Capacity K‐Ion Battery Anodes for Both Half‐Cell and Full‐Cell Applications
Authors: Xie Yihao , Chen Yu , Liu Lei , Tao Peng , Fan Mouping , Xu Na , Shen Xiaowei , Yan Chenglin
Published: July 2017

An ultrahigh pyridinic N‐content‐doped porous carbon monolith is reported, and the content of pyridinic N reaches up to 10.1% in overall material (53.4 ± 0.9% out of 18.9 ± 0.4% N content), being higher than most of previously reported N‐doping carbonaceous materials, which exhibit greatly improved electrochemical performance for potassium storage, especially in term of the high reversible capacity. Remarkably, the pyridinic N‐doped porous carbon monolith (PNCM) electrode exhibits high initial charge capacity of 487 mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1, which is one of the highest reversible capacities among all carbonaceous anodes for K‐ion batteries. Moreover, the K‐ion full cell is successfully assembled, demonstrating a high practical energy density of 153.5 Wh kg−1. These results make PNCM promising for practical application in energy storage devices and encourage more investigations on a similar potassium storage system.
Simultaneously Induced Self‐Assembly of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Nanowires and Thin‐Film Fabrication via Solution‐Floating Method on a Water Substrate
Authors: Kim Yong‐Jae , Jung Hee‐Tae , Ahn Chi Won , Jeon Hwan‐Jin
Published: July 2017

A single‐step fabrication of thin film of conjugated polymers (CPs) cannot be employed because inducement of self‐assembly of CPs and a thin‐film fabrication process are both required. This study introduces a simple and facile one‐pot strategy for fabricating uniform, large‐area organic semiconducting thin film without complex process. During the solvent evaporation of floated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) solution on water substrate, well‐dissolved P3HT chains are self‐assembled into 1D P3HT nanowires (NWs) with formation of thin film simultaneously. Through systematic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments, this study also reveals for the first time the unique self‐assembly mechanism behind the formation of P3HT NWs from the incorporation of P3HT nanoparticles (NPs). In addition, highly uniform organic–inorganic hybrid thin films consisting of well‐defined P3HT/quantum dots (QDs) hybrid NWs can be created easily via a solution‐floating method by dropping P3HT and QDs dissolved solution. The floated P3HT NWs thin film on the surface of water can be easily transferred onto a Si wafer, bestowing advantages for the fabrication of a high‐performance organic field‐effect transistor device with a carrier mobility of 0.0856 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Processability and mechanical properties of bioplastics produced from decoloured bloodmeal
Authors: Verbeek Casparus Johannes Reinhard , Low Aaron , Lay Mark Christopher , Hicks Talia Maree
Published: July 2017

Bloodmeal is a protein‐rich coproduct of the meat industry and can be converted into a thermoplastic. A solution of peracetic acid can be used to degrade colored compounds in bloodmeal, yielding a light yellow material. This causes an increase in β‐sheets in the protein's secondary structure, but the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and triethylene glycol (TEG) reduced α‐helical and β‐sheet content, thereby increasing random coils. Without SDS, chains were less capable of folding into these structures, preventing sufficient intermolecular interactions and chain entanglement, leading to low specific mechanical energy input (SME) during extrusion, and poor consolidation. The whiteness of molded samples showed no correlation with SME during extrusion or the degree of consolidation after extrusion; however, they were observed to have a higher level of whiteness with increasing TEG content and should be considered as a secondary process not directly linked to extrusion. Increasing the amount of water during extrusion increased the Young's modulus (E) by facilitating formation of new interactions, while increasing TEG decreased E as a result of plasticization. The action of SDS on destabilizing electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions was beneficial to extrusion, although it had no further effect during injection molding. TEG had virtually no effect on tensile strength, although it was required for flow and facilitated the formation of strong interactions after water had been evaporated during conditioning.
Behavioral Plasticity Emulated with Lithium Lanthanum Titanate‐Based Memristive Devices: Habituation
Authors: Shi Tuo , Wu Jian‐Fang , Liu Yong , Yang Rui , Guo Xin
Published: July 2017

Behavioral plasticity builds up an association between information and an appropriate behavioral response, enabling organisms to adjust their behaviors in response to stimulations from external environments. Habituation is the elementary and ubiquitous form of the behavioral plasticity. A direct emulation of the behavioral habituation with electronic devices is critical in neuromorphic computing. Herein, memristive devices based on a mixed conductor of lithium ions and electrons, lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO), are fabricated in a Pt/LLTO/Pt structure. Because the physical processes of lithium‐ion migration and polaron hopping in LLTO are similar to the two neuromorphic processes proposed in the dual‐process theory of habituation, the Pt/LLTO/Pt memristive device enables a direct emulation of the habituation in the behavioral plasticity. More importantly, the nine parametric definitions in neuroscience for habituation are realized. The successful emulation of behavioral habituation represents an advance in the hardware implementation of neuromorphic functionalities and may simplify the structure of memristor‐based artificial neural networks.
Validation and reliability of the sex estimation of the human os coxae using freely available DSP2 software for bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
Authors: Brůžek Jaroslav , Santos Frédéric , Dutailly Bruno , Murail Pascal , Cunha Eugenia
Published: July 2017

Objectives

A new tool for skeletal sex estimation based on measurements of the human os coxae is presented using skeletons from a metapopulation of identified adult individuals from twelve independent population samples. For reliable sex estimation, a posterior probability greater than 0.95 was considered to be the classification threshold: below this value, estimates are considered indeterminate. By providing free software, we aim to develop an even more disseminated method for sex estimation.

Materials and Methods

Ten metric variables collected from 2,040 ossa coxa of adult subjects of known sex were recorded between 1986 and 2002 (reference sample). To test both the validity and reliability, a target sample consisting of two series of adult ossa coxa of known sex (n = 623) was used. The DSP2 software (Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste v2) is based on Linear Discriminant Analysis, and the posterior probabilities are calculated using an R script.

Results

For the reference sample, any combination of four dimensions provides a correct sex estimate in at least 99% of cases. The percentage of individuals for whom sex can be estimated depends on the number of dimensions; for all ten variables it is higher than 90%. Those results are confirmed in the target sample.

Discussion

Our posterior probability threshold of 0.95 for sex estimate corresponds to the traditional sectioning point used in osteological studies. DSP2 software is replacing the former version that should not be used anymore. DSP2 is a robust and reliable technique for sexing adult os coxae, and is also user friendly.
Quantum Kinetic Theory of a Massless Scalar Model in the Presence of a Schwarzschild Black Hole
Authors: Emelyanov Slava
Published: July 2017

We employ quantum kinetic theory to investigate local quantum physics in the background of spherically symmetric and neutral black holes formed through the gravitational collapse. For this purpose in mind, we derive and study the covariant Wigner distribution function near to and far away from the black‐hole horizon. We find that the local density of the particle number is negative in the near‐horizon region, while the entropy density is imaginary. These pose a question whether kinetic theory is applicable in the near‐horizon region. We elaborate on that and propose a possible interpretation of how this result might nevertheless be self‐consistently understood.
An Ionophore‐Based Anion‐Selective Optode Printed on Cellulose Paper
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Zhang Qi , Nam Changwoo , Hickner Michael , Mahoney Mollie , Meyerhoff Mark E.
Published: July 2017

A general anion‐sensing platform is reported based on a portable and cost‐effective ion‐selective optode and a smartphone detector equipped with a color analysis app. In contrast to traditional anion‐selective optodes using a hydrophobic polymer and/or plasticizer to dissolve hydrophobic sensing elements, the new optode relies on hydrophilic cellulose paper. The anion ionophore and a lipophilic pH indicator are inkjet‐printed and adsorbed on paper and form a “dry” hydrophobic sensing layer. Porous cellulose sheets also allow the sensing site to be modified with dried buffer that prevents any sample pH dependence of the observed color change. A highly selective fluoride optode using an AlIII‐porphyrin ionophore is examined as an initial example of this new anion sensing platform for measurements of fluoride levels in drinking water samples. Apart from Lewis acid–base recognition, hydrogen bonding recognition is also compatible with this sensing platform.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective C(sp3)−H Alkynylation of Oligopeptides: A Linchpin Approach for Oligopeptide–Drug Conjugation
Authors: Liu Tao , Qiao Jennifer X. , Poss Michael A. , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: July 2017

The palladium(II)‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H alkynylation of oligopeptides was developed with tetrabutylammonium acetate as a key additive. Through molecular design, the acetylene motif served as a linchpin to introduce a broad range of carbonyl‐containing pharmacophores onto oligopeptides, thus providing a chemical tool for the synthesis and modification of novel oligopeptide–pharmacophore conjugates by C−H functionalization. Dipeptide conjugates with coprostanol and estradiol were synthesized by this method for potential application in targeted drug delivery to tumor cells with overexpressed nuclear hormone receptors.