bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL STUDY ON MELTING HEAT TRANSFER IN FRACTAL METAL FOAM
Authors: XU HAO , YAO FENG , ZHANG CHENGBIN
Published: July 2019

The fractal geometry provides a new insight for the description for actual pore structure of metal foams. In this paper, the fractal grids are introduced to describe the pore structure of metal foams. A two-dimensional unsteady melting model of phase change material (PCM) in the cross-fractal metal foam is developed and numerically simulated. The transient temperature variation and melting front evolution during the charging process in the cross-fractal metal foam are analyzed. The effects of initial temperature difference, porosity and fractal dimension on the melting heat transfer in fractal metal foam are examined and analyzed. The results indicate that the temperature distribution is more uniform and the melting rate is faster in the cross-fractal metal foam compared with that in the corresponding cavity structure. Interestingly, the fractal metal foam with smaller fractal dimension provides a faster heat flow path and hence enhances the melting performance though the porosity is identical. The melting performance in fractal metal foam can be enhanced when the metal foams have a lower porosity, a smaller fractal dimension and a larger initial temperature difference.
Limits of the Stokes and Navier–Stokes equations in a punctured periodic domain
Authors: Chipot Michel , Droniou Jérôme , Planas Gabriela , Robinson James C. , Xue Wei
Published: July 2019

We treat three problems on a two-dimensional “punctured periodic domain”: we take [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the closure of an open connected set that is star-shaped with respect to [Formula: see text] and has a [Formula: see text] boundary. We impose periodic boundary conditions on the boundary of [Formula: see text], and Dirichlet boundary conditions on [Formula: see text]. In this setting we consider the Poisson equation, the Stokes equations, and the time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations, all with a fixed forcing function [Formula: see text], and examine the behavior of solutions as [Formula: see text]. In all three cases we show convergence of the solutions to those of the limiting problem, i.e. the problem posed on all of [Formula: see text] with periodic boundary conditions.
Existence of strong solutions to the rotating shallow water equations with degenerate viscosities
Authors: Duan Ben , Luo Zhen , Zhou Yan
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of a viscous compressible shallow water equations with the Coriolis force term and non-constant viscosities. More precisely, the viscous coefficients are constants multiple of height, the equations are degenerate when vacuum appears. For initial data allowing vacuum, the local existence of strong solution is obtained and a blow-up criterion is established.
Understanding Big Data Through a Systematic Literature Review: The ITMI Model
Authors: De Mauro Andrea , Greco Marco , Grimaldi Michele
Published: July 2019

The concept of Big Data in academic and professional literature has developed in a euphoric, chaotic, and unstructured manner. Decision-making is increasingly relying on Big Data, resorting to novel analytic methodologies that are applied in many different industries. This study aims to provide clarity over the Big Data phenomenon by means of a comprehensive and systematic literature review, able to produce a clear description of what Big Data is today, a structured classification of the various streams of current research, and a list of promising emerging trends. This study analyses a corpus of 4,327 articles through a novel combination of unsupervised algorithms that produces a hierarchical topic structure which empirically validates and enhances the “Information,” “Technology,” “Methods,” and “Impact” conceptual model of Big Data, identifying 17 fundamental topics and providing researchers and practitioners with a meaningful overview of the body of knowledge and a proposed research agenda.
Analyzing Emotional Oscillatory Brain Network for Valence and Arousal-Based Emotion Recognition Using EEG Data
Authors: Yan Jianzhuo , Kuai Hongzhi , Chen Jianhui , Zhong Ning
Published: July 2019

Emotion recognition is a highly noteworthy and challenging work in both cognitive science and affective computing. Currently, neurobiology studies have revealed the partially synchronous oscillating phenomenon within brain, which needs to be analyzed from oscillatory synchronization. This combination of oscillations and synchronism is worthy of further exploration to achieve inspiring learning of the emotion recognition models. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of valence and arousal-based emotion recognition using EEG data. First, we construct the emotional oscillatory brain network (EOBN) inspired by the partially synchronous oscillating phenomenon for emotional valence and arousal. And then, a coefficient of variation and Welch’s [Formula: see text]-test based feature selection method is used to identify the core pattern (cEOBN) within EOBN for different emotional dimensions. Finally, an emotional recognition model (ERM) is built by combining cEOBN-inspired information obtained in the above process and different classifiers. The proposed approach can combine oscillation and synchronization characteristics of multi-channel EEG signals for recognizing different emotional states under the valence and arousal dimensions. The cEOBN-based inspired information can effectively reduce the dimensionality of the data. The experimental results show that the previous method can be used to detect affective state at a reasonable level of accuracy.
Fermions in the Rindler spacetime
Authors: Santos L. C. N. , Barros C. C.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we study the Dirac equation in the Rindler spacetime. The solution of the wave equation in an accelerated reference frame is obtained. The differential equation associated to this wave equation is mapped into a Sturm–Liouville problem of a Schrödinger-like equation. We derive a compact expression for the energy spectrum associated with the Dirac equation in an accelerated reference. It is shown that the noninertial effect of the accelerated reference frame mimics an external potential in the Dirac equation and, moreover, allows the formation of bound states.
Ricci curvature on warped product submanifolds of complex space forms and its applications
Authors: Ali Akram , Laurian-Ioan Pişcoran , Alkhaldi Ali H. , Alqahtani Lamia Saeed
Published: July 2019

The upper bound of Ricci curvature conjecture, also known as Chen-Ricci conjecture, was formulated by Chen [B. Y. Chen, Relations between Ricci curvature and shape operator for submanifolds with arbitrary codimension, Glasgow Math. J. 41 (1999) 33–41] and modified by Tripathi [M. M. Tripathi, Improved Chen–Ricci inequality for curvature-like tensors and its applications, Diff. Geom. Appl. 29 (2011) 685–698]. In this paper, first, we define partially minimal isometric immersion of warped product manifolds. Then, we derive a fundamental theorem for Ricci curvature via partially minimal isometric immersions from a warped product pointwise bi-slant submanifolds into complex space forms. Some applications are constructed in terms of Dirichlet energy function, Hamiltonian, Lagrangian and Hessian tensor due to appearance of the positive differential function in the inequality.
Antimony-doped SnO2 nanoparticles-decorated TiO2 composite with enhanced electrical properties
Authors: Li Xue , Qian Jianhua , Li Junhua , Tang Ke
Published: July 2019

Antimony-doped tin dioxide (ATO)-coated TiO2 (TiO2@ATO) composite was synthesized by a polymeric precursor method with lactic acid as the chelating agent. The structural and morphological characterizations of the as-fabricatied TiO2@ATO composite were investigated by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XPS. The resistivity was also examined by electrical resistance measurements. The theoretical calculations were introduced for elucidating the change of bandgap from the microscopic level. The results showed that the lowest resistivity of TiO2@ATO composite they could be achieved was 1.69 [Formula: see text]. TiO2@ATO composite possessed a core–shell structure with the ATO shell thickness of 13–16[Formula: see text]nm. The as-prepared ATO nanoparticles were in rutile phase and with 4.3–7.0[Formula: see text]nm in diameter (calcinated at 550∘C). The ATO grain growth during the calcination process could be viewed as consisting of two stages: the activation energies were calculated to be [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kJ/mol and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kJ/mol, respectively.
Upper bounds on product degree distance of F-sum of graphs
Authors: Pattabiraman K. , Bhat Manzoor Ahmad
Published: July 2019

The product degree distance of a connected graph [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the degree of a vertex [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the distance between the vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] In this paper, we obtain two upper bounds for product degree distance of [Formula: see text]-sums of graphs which is defined by Eliasi [Four new sums of graphs and their Wiener indices, Discr. Appl. Math. 157 (2009) 794–803.]
Picosecond X-ray Diffraction: System and Applications
Authors: Tomov I. V. , Chen P. , Rentzepis P. M.
Published: July 2019

We report the development of a novel, pulsed x-ray diffraction system with picosecond time resolution. The system has been used to study the heat transport in gold, platinum and silicon crystals heated by 10 ps, 193 nm laser pulses. Further developments and applications of time resolved picosecond x-ray diffraction are discussed.
Applications of Neutron Powder Diffraction in Materials Research
Authors: Kennedy S. J.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the applications of neutron powder diffraction in materials science. The technique is described with particular attention to comparison with the X-ray powder diffraction technique to which it is complementary. In this context, emphasis is placed on rapid data acquisition and in-situ studies of phase transitions. Examples of some applications of the technique to materials science problems, at the HIFAR research reactor, Lucas Heights are included.
Accuracy in Quantitative X-ray Powder Diffraction Analyses
Authors: Bish D. L. , Chipera Steve. J.
Published: July 2019

Accuracy, or how well a measurement conforms to the true value of a parameter, is important in XRD analyses in three primary areas, 1) 26 position or d-spacing; 2) peak shape; and 3) intensity. Instrumental factors affecting accuracy include zero-point, axial-divergence, and specimen- displacement errors, step size, and even uncertainty in X-ray wavelength values. Sample factors affecting accuracy include specimen transparency, structural strain, crystallite size, and preferred orientation effects. In addition, a variety of other sample-related factors influence the accuracy of quantitative analyses, including variations in sample composition and order/disorder. The conventional method of assessing accuracy during experimental diffractometry measurements is through the use of certified internal standards. However, it is possible to obtain highly accurate d-spacings without an internal standard using a well-aligned powder diffractometer coupled with data analysis routines that allow analysis of and correction for important systematic errors. The first consideration in such measurements is the use of methods yielding precise peak positions, such as profile fitting. High accuracy can be achieved if specimen-displacement, specimen- transparency, axial-divergence, and possibly zero-point corrections are included in data analysis. It is also important to consider that most common X-ray wavelengths (other than Cu Kα1) have not been measured with high accuracy. Accuracy in peak-shape measurements is important in the separation of instrumental and sample contributions to profile shape, e.g., in crystallite size and strain measurements. The instrumental contribution must be determined accurately using a standard material free from significant sample-related effects, such as NIST SRM 660 (LaB6). Although full-pattern fitting methods for quantitative analysis are available, the presence of numerous systematic errors makes the use of an internal standard, such as a-alumina mandatory to ensure accuracy; accuracy is always suspect when using external-standard, constrained-total quantitative analysis methods. One of the most significant problems in quantitative analysis remains the choice of representative standards. Variations in sample chemistry, order-disorder, and preferred orientation can be accommodated only with a thorough understanding of the coupled effects of all three on intensities. It is important to recognize that sample preparation methods that optimize accuracy for one type of measurement may not be appropriate for another. For example, the very fine crystallite size that is optimum for quantitative analysis is unnecessary and can even be detrimental in d-spacing and peak shape measurements.
The Impact of Background Function on High Accuracy Quantitative Rietveld Analysis (QRA): Application to NIST SRMs 676 and 656
Authors: Von Dreele Robert B. , Cline James. P.
Published: July 2019

The accuracy of Quantitative Rietveid Analysis (QRA) was examined in terms of the plausibility of the set of refined parameters as well as the realization of the expected quantitative result. This route was pursued due to the two mutually exclusive characteristics that a powder exhibiting the calculated (ideal) diffraction intensity would possess; it would have infinitesimal domains to alleviate the effects of extinction but at the same time infinitesimal surface area to eliminate the volume of the disordered surface or amorphous phase. The specimens were mixtures of NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 640b, a silicon powder with a mean particle size of 7 pin (certified with respect to lattice parameters), and SRM 676, an alumina powder with a submicrometer crystallite size (certified for quantitative analysis). Good agreement between the particle size of SRM 640b, determined by laser scattering measurements, and its domain size, determined by using the Sabine model for extinction, were obtained with the use of improved background functions in refinements of neutron time-of-flight (TOF) powder diffraction data. These data, in conjunction with the plausibility of other refined parameters such as temperature factors, led to a credible measurement of the amorphous content of SRM 676 and a verification that TOF data can yield unbiased quantitative results. A new SRM for quantitative analysis of silicon nitride was certified with respect to the a, p and amorphous (impurity) phase content with the use of TOF diffraction and SRM 676 as the reference phase. Results from XRD data were found to be less sensitive to background function, though improvements in the Rietveid analysis of XRD data were achieved.
A Full-Trace Database for the Analysis of Clay Minerals
Authors: Smith D. K. , Johnson G. G. , Jenkins R.
Published: July 2019

A file of digitized diffraction traces for clay minerals has been developed as a test for the usefulness of such traces in the analysis of clays and clay deposits. The kaolin, smectite, mica clay and chlorite groups are represented by patterns of the most common mineral species in the small crystallite size which is typical of their natural occurrences. Patterns are included for the oriented sample and for glycolated and heated samples when appropriate. This database may form a nucleus for an extensive collection of clay mineral traces in the same manner as the early Powder Diffraction File did for the modern PDE.
High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Measurements of Strain Relaxed SiGe/Si Structures
Authors: Mooney P. M. , Jordan-Sweet J. L. , Stephenson G. B. , LeGoues F. K. , Chu J. O.
Published: July 2019

Both double-crystal and triple-axis x-ray diffraction techniques have been used to study complex SiGe/Si structures. A novel method for measuring the nucleation activation energy of dislocations in strain relaxed SiGe/Si structures is presented to illustrate the usefulness of these techniques.
In-Situ Study of Dynamic Structural Rearrangements During Stress Relaxation
Authors: Westwood A. D. , Murray C. E. , Noyan I. C.
Published: July 2019

We have conducted in-situ, real-time x-ray diffraction experiments to probe the dynamic structural changes occurring in copper during loading and then on relaxation. The 331 KαI, KαII peaks were used to monitor the development of elastic strains during loading, and their response during relaxation. The peak width was studied to better understand the structural changes that occur during loading, and more importantly on relaxation, since it is these structural rearrangements that reduce the overall strain in the system and allow the stress to relax.

The results revealed that the structure is highly mobile immediately following the start of stress relaxation. The mobility decreases with time, scales with the magnitude of the applied strain and is highly dependent upon the applied strain rate. In addition, it was apparent that the KαI and KαII peaks do not respond in the same way to the elastic strains and that they also show different structural rearrangements. This suggests an in homogeneous distribution of displacements within the sample.
A Novel Dumond Monochromator for High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Loxley N. , Tanner B. K. , Bowen D. K.
Published: July 2019

We discuss the optical principles behind a novel, duMond configuration, beam conditioning monochromator for high resolution X-ray diffraction. The device is capable of being switched extremely rapidly between high intensity and high resolution settings by lateral translation of the elements. It comprises two blocks of silicon each containing two beam channels oriented parallel to and at 17.65° to the (Oil) planes. In the high intensity mode, with the beam making two asymmetric reflections in each block, the angular divergence and dispersion are comparable to that from a symmetric Ge 022 device. The high resolution setting, where the beam makes four symmetric reflections, while comparable in divergence and dispersion with the 044 Ge device, exploits both σ and π polarisations. We report on the performance of the device and show how this compares with predictions using the dynamical theory of diffraction.
Accurate Modeling of Size and Strain Broadening in the Rietveld Refinement: The “Double-Voigt” Approach
Authors: Baizar Davor , Ledbetter Hassel
Published: July 2019

In the “double-Voigt” approach, an exact Voigt function describes both size- and strainbroadened profiles. The lattice strain is defined in terms of physically credible mean-square strain averageid over a distance in the diffracting domains. Analysis of Fourier coefficients in a harmonic approximation for strain coefficients leads to the Warren-Averbach method for the separation of size and strain contributions to diffraction line broadening. The model is introduced in the Rietveld refinement program in the foliowing way: Line widths are modeled with only four parameters in the isotropic case. Varied parameters are both surface- and volumeweighted domain sizes and root-mean-square strains averaged over two distances. Refined parameters determine the physically broadened Voigt line profile. Instrumental Voigt line profile parameters are added to obtain the observed (Voigt) line profile. To speed computation, the corresponding pseudo-Voigt function is calculated and used as a fitting function in refinement. This approach allows for both fast computer code and accurate modeling in terms of physically identifiable parameters.
X-ray Fractographic Study on TiAl Alloys with Various Types of Microstructures
Authors: Tabata Hiroyuki , Yajima Zenjiro , Hirose Yukio
Published: July 2019

The fracture toughness test was conducted on γ + α2 two-phase TiAl alloys with lamellar, duplex and near-y structures. The x-ray fractographic technique was applied to the fracture, surfaces. The plastic zone size my was determined on the basis of the distributions of the residual stress and the half-value breadth beneath the fracture surfaces. Although the fracture mode shows microstructure dependence, ωγ is related to the fracture toughness value KIC and the yield stress σY as:

ωy=α(KIC/σY)

where α is 0.13.
Real Time X-Ray Rheology of Polymers
Authors: Pople J. A. , Mitchell G. R. , Chai C. K.
Published: July 2019

The ability to prcbe the structure of a polymer during deformation is of considerable technological interest as it lends an insight into the mechanisms involved in polymer processing. The behaviour of Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCP's) during shear flow has generated much experimental interest by virtue of their unusual behaviour compared to that of simpler polymeric melts. The theory developed by Doi attempts to explain the observed phenomena in terms of considering interactions of rigid-rods Exact solutions to the Doi theory have been compared to experimental procedures using lyotropic LCP systems. Although much of the available data relates to mechanical measurements, the comparisons with quantitative structural data can provide useful insight.
Adaptation of the Egs4 Monte Carlo Fode for the Design of a Polarized Source for X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Platinum and Other Heavy Metals In Vivo
Authors: Lewis D.G. , Lewis G. , Oggt C.A.
Published: July 2019

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has become a well established technique for the measurement of trace levels of toxic heavy metals in vivo, including cadmium, platinum, mercury and lead (Mattsson et al.. 1987). The clinical motivation for the measurement of platinum (Pt) is the need to investigate the kinetics of Pt-based cancer chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin and paraplatin. Currently the main research interest in Swansea lies in the study of the uptake and distribution of Pt administered during chemotherapy of patients with tumours in the head and neck region.
In Vivo Measurements of Mercury Using X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: Börjesson J. , Barregård L. , Sällsten G. , Schütz A. , Jonson R. , Apsten M. , Mattsson S.
Published: July 2019

In this study we present the results of in vivo measurements of the mercury concentration in organs of occupationally exposed persons by the use of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). The mercury concentration in the right kidney was measured in 20 occupationally exposed workers and 12 referents. The detection limit for the individual persons varied with the kidney depth (mean 26 μg/g, range 12-45 μg/g), was exceeded in nine of the exposed workers but in none of the referents. The mean kidney mercury concentration (including estimated concentration values below the detection limit) was 24 μg/g in the group of exposed workers (group MDC 5 μg/g) and for the group of referents no detectable concentration (mean 1 μg/g) was found (group MDC 6 μg/g). The mean urinary mercury excretions for the two groups were 34 and 1.7 μg per g creatinine. X-ray fluorescence measurements made on liver (n = 10) and thyroid (n = 8), in some of the exposed workers, revealed no measurable mercury concentrations.
Assaying Depleted Uranium in Bones In-Situ Using A Non-Invasive X-Ray Fluorescence Technique
Authors: Bloch P. , Shapiro I.M.
Published: July 2019

The occupational exposure to uranium associated with milling and fabrication of depleted uranium is presently assessed from bioassay of urine samples. The evaluation of the body-burden of uraninm from urine analysis has many difficulties and uncertainties associated with accounting for the bio-transport of inhaled uranium psrticles from the lungs, to absorption in the blood and excretion through the kidneys. The chemical toxicity of uranium and other transuranic elements is not fully understood, partially because of the difficulty of assessing the body burden of these metals in-situ. The transuranic elements are known to be deposited and retained in bone. A non-invasive X-ray fluorescence technique has been developed to assay the depleted uranium in bones in-situ. The K-shell electrons in uranium, which have a binding energy of 115.6 key are excited by the 122 and 136 keV gamma rays from a Co-57 source. A liquid N2 cooled intrinsic Ge-detector is employed to measure the characteristic K fluorescence from the uranium as well as the coherently scattered gamma raj's from the Co-57 source. The quantity of uranium in the bone is determined from the number of K fluorescence events extracted from the measured scattered photon spectrum. In addition, the bone mineral mass is determined from the number of coherently scattered gamma rays, permitting the assay of uranium to be expressed in terms of micrograms per unit mass bone. Using this system it was possible to measure molar concentrations of uranium with high precision and reproducibility.
Skin Thickness Effects on In Vivo LXRF
Authors: Preiss Ivor L. , Washington William
Published: July 2019

The analysis of lead concentration in bone utilizing LXRF can be adversely effected by overlymg tissue. A quantitative measure of the attenuation of the 10.5 keV Pb L a x-ray signal by skin and skin equivalent plastic has been conducted. Concentration ranges in plaster of Paris and doped goat bone from 7 to 90 ppm with attenuators of Lucite® and pig skin were examined. It is concluded that no quantitative or semi quantitative analysis can be achieved if overlying tissue thickness exceeds 3 mm for Pb concentrations of less than 30 ppm Pb in bone.
Environmental Factors Contributing to The Body Burden of Lead as Determined By In Vivo X-Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Ryde S.J.S. , Jones S.J. , Evans C.J. , Lewis D.G. , Morgan W.D.
Published: July 2019

Human exposure to lead may induce a variety of adverse effects on health including haematological, neurobehavioural, cardiovascular and renal changes and therefore continues to be a public health concern (Needleman 1989). Lead is dispersed in the environment from where it may be inhaled or ingested by man. Environmental exposure may arise from a number of potential sources: typically industrial emissions, exhaust from petrol engines, drinking water, foodstuffs, paint, soldered cans, lead glazed earthenware, dust and soil. A further source is tobacco smoke.
Improvement of the Smoothing Procedure Via Preliminary Logarithmic Transformation of the X-Ray Spectrum
Authors: Stoev Krassimir N. , Dlouhy Joseph E.
Published: July 2019

Spectrum processing is a critical step in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, with very strong influence on the final performance of the method. Spectrum processing includes two major procedures: (i) preliminary processing (which deals mainly with reduction of random and systematic noise); and (ii) evaluation of peak parameters (most often peak area, and in some cases also peak position, amplitude and width). Preliminary processing solves two main problems: (i) search and correction of erroneous channel contents (outlier values); and (ii) random noise reduction. Several procedures for search and correction of outlier values have been proposed for Raman, gamma and X-ray spectra.
An In Situ XRD Technique For Annealing Investigations
Authors: Koylman D.E. , Axtel S.C. , Robertson B.W.
Published: July 2019

An in situ XRD technique employing a diffractometer equipped with a high temperature camera was used to investigate the annealing behavior of nanoerystalline copper powder produced by mechanical milling. Specimens were annealed isothermally for 12 h at temperatures between 480 and 770 K. The diffraction data was analyzed using a single-profile Fourier analysis technique. The activation energy for diffracting particle growth was determined to be 0.45 eV/atom.
Effect of Boron on the Amorphization of Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu Alloy
Authors: Makinson J. D. , De Angelis R. J. , Axtell S. C.
Published: July 2019

The mechanical alloying process continually deforms, cold welds, and breaks apart metal powder particles. During the process of mechanical alloying elemental crystalline powders can produce an amorphous alloyed powder. Consolidation of these powders by powder metallurgy techniques can produce amorphous bulk metals.

Two Alloys 62.24 Zr-10.89 Ti-9.71 Ni-13.14 Cu-4.02 B and 64.84 Zr-11.35 Ti-11.12 Nt-13.69 Cu weight percent were mechanically alloyed for 45 hours by a SPEX 800 high energy ball-mill. The changes in structure were monitored by X-ray diffraction after every 5 hours of milling. Both powder compositions became amorphous after 15 hours of milling. New compounds began to form during milling to 35 hours. Milling for longer times produced no further structure changes. The milled samples were annealed at 950°C for 1 hour which produced a complex set of crystalline materials. The crystalline phases containing boron have larger lattice parameters and less tendency for grain growth.
Thermal Preparation Effects on the X-Ray Diffractograms of Compounds Produced During Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Wertz David L. , Burns Kathleen H. , Keeton Robert W. , Dilie Eldon , Angelovich S. , Hassette S.
Published: July 2019

The diffractograms of syn-gypsum and of fine gas desulfurization products indicate that CaSO4.2H2O is converted to other phase(s) when heated to 100°C. Syn-hannebachite (CaSO30.5H2O) is unaffected by similar thermal treatment.
Responsiveness of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaires to Dental Caries Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aimée Nicole R. , Damé-Teixeira Nailê , Alves Luana Severo , Borges Gabriel Á. , Foster Page Lyndie , Mestrinho Heliana D. , Carvalho Joana Christina
Published: July 2019

This systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to assess the responsiveness of validated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires to dental caries interventions in children, adolescents, and young adults. Studies eligible were randomized clinical trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), and prospective case series (PCS), which had OHRQoL questionnaires answered before and after caries intervention(s). The main outcome was improvement in OHRQoL mean scores following caries intervention. Twenty-six studies were selected for the quality assessment and 14 were selected for the meta-analysis. Most of the studies were PCS with a single group pretest and posttest study design (n = 19). Five studies were CCT and only 2 were RCT. The numbers of participants were 3,522 in the control group (baseline = 2,002; final = 1,520) and 5,917 in the test group (baseline = 3,102; final = 2,815). The age of the subjects ranged from 3 to 19 years. All studies showed significant improvement in OHRQoL following caries intervention. Most of nonrandomized studies (n = 15) had low or moderate risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed the effect of caries interventions (standardized weighted mean differences = –1.24; 95% CI: –1.68 to –0.81; p < 0.001). However, high heterogeneity between the studies was found. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach classiﬁed the quality of evidence as very low and its strength weak. In conclusion, there is evidence that the OHRQoL of children and adolescents improved following caries intervention procedures, but the quality of the evidence was very low. In spite of that, caries interventions are highly recommended as abstaining from treatment is likely to result in a deterioration of OHRQoL.
Association of HLA Alleles with Primary Sjögren Syndrome in the South Tunisian Population
Authors: Charfi Aida , Mahfoudh Nadia , Kamoun Arwa , Frikha Feten , Dammak Chifa , Gaddour Lilia , Hakim Feiza , Maalej Leila , Mallek Bakhta , Kammoun Ines , Bahloul Zouhir , Makni Hafedh
Published: July 2019

Objective: In order to investigate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes predisposing to primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), we conducted an association study using HLA loci (A, B, and DRB1) and 9 polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning the HLA region in pSS patients as compared to healthy individuals. Subjects and Methods: Forty-four patients fitting the European criteria of pSS and 123 healthy controls were analyzed for their HLA class I and class II alleles. HLA class I typing was performed using a standard microlymphocytotoxicity method followed by PCR-SSP. HLA-DRB1 genotyping was performed using PCR-SSP. We studied the polymorphism of 9 microsatellite markers for both groups. Microsatellite genotyping was performed using the PCR fluorescent technique. Results: We observed a positive association between HLA-B15 and pSS in the Tunisian population (p = 0.004, OR 7.57). The comparison of the frequencies of DRB1 alleles in pSS patients and controls confirmed the association of the DRB1*03 allele with pSS (p = 0.02, OR 2.36). On the other hand, the association study of microsatellite markers showed that the a9 allele of D6S265 marker and the a20 of C1.2.C were found to be positively associated with pSS as compared to controls (p =0.0003, OR 10.29, and p =0.001, OR 4.79, respectively). Using the “Haplo.stats” software analysis, we found that the most associated region was located in the HLA class I region and limited by HLA-A and D6S265 loci (p = 0.00056). Conclusion: The results of this study support the hypothesis of the existence of a susceptibility gene for pSS located in the HLA class I and III regions.
Apresentação
Authors: Toledo Neto Sílvio de Almeida , Paixão de Sousa Maria Clara
Published: July 2019

O volume 20(2) da revista Filologia e Linguística Portuguesa apresenta nove artigos com temática variada. Os temas tratados enquadram-se na Filologia, Análise do Discurso, Línguística Histórica, Gramaticografia e Crioulística.
Papiamentu: crioulo de base espanhola?
Authors: Freitas Shirley , Bandeira Manuele , Araujo Gabriel Antunes de
Published: July 2019

Sendo a origem do papiamentu ainda um assunto controverso entre os estudiosos, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a possível gênese espanhola da língua caribenha (cf. Maduro, 1965; Rona, 1970; Munteanu, 1999, entre outros), contribuindo para as discussões acerca de sua origem e de sua língua lexificadora. A partir da análise, observa-se que a hipótese de um crioulo espanhol apresenta diversos pontos controversos. No âmbito mais geral, não há crioulos de base espanhola na região atlântica em virtude das próprias características da colonização. Especificamente no que tange ao papiamentu, também há pontos questionáveis, como o papel atribuído aos indígenas e a continuidade no uso do espanhol na ilha caribenha. No âmbito linguístico, observa-se que os itens de procedência portuguesa fazem parte do léxico funcional e são bastante antigos na língua, o que mostra que não é possível atribuir à influência portuguesa uma importância menor. Em síntese, conclui-se que, ainda que o espanhol tenha influenciado a formação do papiamentu (defendendo-se uma base luso-espanhola para a língua), não é possível considerar que a língua caribenha derivou do espanhol, sendo necessário considerar outros elementos para explicar a gênese e o desenvolvimento da língua.
A marca símbolo da campanha de prevenção as drogas
Authors: Sant'Anna Arlene Lopes
Published: July 2019

Este artigo se propoe a analisar a marca-simbolo, instituida pela APCD (Associa^ao Parceria Contra Drogas), na campanha de preven^ao as drogas veiculadas pela televisao. Esta analise leva em conta que a marca-simbolo e o texto do discurso sintetico, o que identifica o objetivo dos amincios que se apresentam para conter o consumo de drogas entre osjovens no Brasil. A marca-simbolo pertence aos dommios da semiotica visual, assim, este estudo se fundamenta na semiotica greimasiana. Podemos mostrar, por meio das relagoes semi-simbolicas, que a dimensao plastica se articula, por um lado com a dimensao figurativa e, por outro lado, com o enunciado linginstico que o slogan comporta, o que instaura uma nova visao, uma nova leitura.
O pampa vai virar mar
Authors: Mascarello Fernando
Published: July 2019

Houve uma Vez Dois Verdes, o longa-metragem de estreia de Jorge Furtado (2002), atualiza a recorrente associa^ao tematica litoral/adolescencia ou juventude no cinema urbano gaiicho. Esta associagao, em filmes como Deu Pra Ti Anos 70 (Nelson Nadotti e Giba Assis Brasil, 1981) e Inverno (Carlos Gerbase, 1982), atraves da representagao do litoral como um espa^o transicional tipico da adolescencia, conjugada a adesao do cinema urbano gaiicho a um projeto de autonomizagao da identidade gaiicha urbana, constroi um sentido de "fuga ao pampa" ou a identidade gaiicha rural entao dominante. O filme de Furtado reelabora a associagao tematica ao relatar a experiencia de uma nova gera^ao adolescente. Para tanto, procede a ado^ao, caracterizada pela atenuagao ideologica, de convengdes subgenericas do beach party movie e do nostalgic teen film.
Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction and Perihematomal Edema Expansion in Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Leasure Audrey C. , Qureshi Adnan I. , Murthy Santosh B. , Kamel Hooman , Goldstein Joshua N. , Walsh Kyle B. , Woo Daniel , Shi Fu-Dong , Huttner Hagen B. , Ziai Wendy C. , Hanley Daniel F. , Matouk Charles C. , Sansing Lauren H. , Falcone Guido J. , Sheth Kevin N.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—

It is unknown whether blood pressure (BP) reduction influences secondary brain injury in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We tested the hypothesis that intensive BP reduction is associated with decreased perihematomal edema expansion rate (PHER) in deep ICH.

Methods—

We performed an exploratory analysis of the ATACH-2 randomized trial (Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage-2). Patients with deep, supratentorial ICH were included. PHER was calculated as the difference in perihematomal edema volume between baseline and 24-hour computed tomography scans divided by hours between scans. We used regression analyses to determine whether intensive BP reduction was associated with PHER and if PHER was associated with poor outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale score 4–6). We then used interaction analyses to test whether specific deep location (basal ganglia versus thalamus) modified these associations.

Results—

Among 1000 patients enrolled in ATACH-2, 870 (87%) had supratentorial, deep ICH. Of these, 780 (90%) had neuroimaging data (336 thalamic and 444 basal ganglia hemorrhages). Baseline characteristics of the treatment groups remained balanced (
P
>0.2). Intensive BP reduction was associated with a decrease in PHER in univariable (β= −0.15; 95% CI, −0.26 to −0.05;
P
=0.007) and multivariable (β=−0.12; 95% CI, −0.21 to −0.02;
P
=0.03) analyses. PHER was not independently associated with outcome in all deep ICH (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.93–1.41;
P
=0.20), but this association was modified by the specific deep location involved (multivariable interaction
P
=0.02); in adjusted analyses, PHER was associated with poor outcome in basal ganglia (odds ratio, 1.42; 1.05–1.97;
P
=0.03) but not thalamic (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.74–1.40;
P
=0.89) ICH.

Conclusions—

Intensive BP reduction was associated with decreased 24-hour PHER in deep ICH. PHER was not independently associated with outcome in all deep ICH but was associated with poor outcome in basal ganglia ICH. PHER may be a clinically relevant end point for clinical trials in basal ganglia ICH.
Evaluation of Self-generated Behavior: Untangling Metacognitive Readout and Error Detection
Authors: Kononowicz Tadeusz W. , van Wassenhove Virginie
Published: July 2019

When producing a duration, for instance, by pressing a key for 1 sec, the brain relies on self-generated neuronal dynamics to monitor the “flow of time.” Evidence has suggested that the brain can also monitor itself monitoring time, the so-called self-evaluation. How are temporal errors inferred on the basis of purely internally driven brain dynamics with no external reference for time? Although studies have shown that participants can reliably detect temporal errors when generating a duration, the neural bases underlying the evaluation of this self-generated temporal behavior are unknown. Theories of psychological time have also remained silent about such self-evaluation abilities. We assessed the contributions of an error-detection mechanism, in which error detection results from the ability to estimate the latency of motor actions, and of a readout mechanism, in which errors would result from inferring the state of a duration representation. Error detection predicts a V-shape association between neural activity and self-evaluation at the offset of a produced interval, whereas the readout predicts a linear association. Here, human participants generated a time interval and evaluated the magnitude of their timing (first- and second-order behavioral judgments, respectively). Focusing on the MEG/EEG signatures after the termination of the self-generated duration, we found several cortical sources involved in performance monitoring displaying a linear association between the power of alpha (α = 8–14 Hz) oscillations and self-evaluation. Altogether, our results support the readout hypothesis and indicate that duration representation may be integrated for the evaluation of self-generated behavior.
Out of Focus: Facial Feedback Manipulation Modulates Automatic Processing of Unattended Emotional Faces
Authors: Kuehne Maria , Siwy Isabelle , Zaehle Tino , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Lobmaier Janek S.
Published: July 2019

Facial expressions provide information about an individual's intentions and emotions and are thus an important medium for nonverbal communication. Theories of embodied cognition assume that facial mimicry and resulting facial feedback plays an important role in the perception of facial emotional expressions. Although behavioral and electrophysiological studies have confirmed the influence of facial feedback on the perception of facial emotional expressions, the influence of facial feedback on the automatic processing of such stimuli is largely unexplored. The automatic processing of unattended facial expressions can be investigated by visual expression-related MMN. The expression-related MMN reflects a differential ERP of automatic detection of emotional changes elicited by rarely presented facial expressions (deviants) among frequently presented facial expressions (standards). In this study, we investigated the impact of facial feedback on the automatic processing of facial expressions. For this purpose, participants ( n = 19) performed a centrally presented visual detection task while neutral (standard), happy, and sad faces (deviants) were presented peripherally. During the task, facial feedback was manipulated by different pen holding conditions (holding the pen with teeth, lips, or nondominant hand). Our results indicate that automatic processing of facial expressions is influenced and thus dependent on the own facial feedback.
A new species of Salvia from the Fulgentes clade (Lamiaceae), from Puebla, Mexico
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-AMBRIZ EMMANUEL , FRAGOSO-MARTÍNEZ ITZI , MARTÍNEZ-GORDILLO MARTHA
Published: July 2019

A new species of Salvia from the state of Puebla, Mexico, is described and illustrated: Salvia gavilanensis sp. nov., growing in oak forests and oak scrubs, located in the Biosphere Reserve of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. The new taxon is morphologically similar to S. microphylla, but differs by the herbaceous habit (vs. suffrutescent or shrubby), the strigulose pubescence of the leaves (vs. puberulent to tomentulous), bracts with the margin irregularly denticulate and persistent until the beginning of the anthesis (vs. bracts with the margin entire and deciduous before the anthesis), papillae inside the corolla tube with bidentate apex (vs. papillae with trilobate apex), and the lower lip of the corolla shorter in length compared to the upper lip (vs. lower lip of the corolla longer than the upper lip). Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data (nuclear ITS and the plastid regions trnL-trnF and trnH-psbA) was conducted to explore the relationships of the new species. According to the results, the new species belongs to the Fulgentes clade, which is congruent with the morphology of the species. A key to distinguish Salvia gavilanensis from other species of the clade present in the reserve of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán is included.
Macrophyes pacoti n. sp. (Araneae: Anyphaenidae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with notes on an araneopathogenic fungus
Authors: BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D. , VILLANUEVA-BONILLA GERMAN A. , SOBCZAK JULLYANA CRISTINA M. S. M. , DE SOUSA NÓBREGA FRANCISCO A. , OLIVEIRA LUIZ FERNANDO M. , ARRUDA ITALO DIEGO PAIVA , SOBCZAK JOBER F.
Published: July 2019

The spider genus Macrophyes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 includes five species from the Neotropical region (World Spider Catalog 2019). Two species were described from Central America, M. attenuata, the type species, by Pickard-Cambridge (1893), known until now only by the male, and M. elongata by Chickering (1937) know by both sexes. Three other species were described from South America, M. silvae Brescovit, 1992 and M. manati Brescovit, 1993 from Peru, and M. jundiai Brescovit, 1993 from Brazil (Brescovit 1992, 1993). Brescovit (1997) diagnosed this genus from other Anyphaeninae by the cylindrical abdomen, retrolateral margin of the chelicera with prominent distal tooth, close to the claw and by the tibia of the male palp almost twice longer than the cymbium. The females could be confused with Mesilla Simon by the long and cylindrical abdomen, but are distinguished by the epigynum with narrow, sinuous lateral borders and, internally, by the long copulatory ducts (see Brescovit, 1997: figs 146, 150−151).
Two new species and new records of Notomicrus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Noteridae) from Brazil
Authors: GUIMARÃES BRUNO A. C. , FERREIRA-JR NELSON
Published: July 2019

Two new species of Notomicrus Sharp, 1882 from Brazil are described and illustrated: N. meizon sp. nov. from the state of Amazonas and N. teramnus sp. nov. from the state of Minas Gerais. The new species can be distinguished from all other members of Notomicrus mainly by their aedeagal features, especially for N. teramnus sp. nov., with a unique aedeagal structure. In addition, new records from Brazil are provided for N. brevicornis Sharp, 1882 (states of Amazonas and Pará), N. gracilipes Sharp, 1882 (Amazonas and Rio de Janeiro), N. malkini Young, 1978 (Amazonas, Pará and Rio de Janeiro), and N. traili Sharp, 1882 (Amazonas, Goiás and Paraná).
Quasi-static indentation damage and residual compressive failure analysis of carbon fiber composites using acoustic emission and micro-computed tomography
Authors: Zhang Yan-nan , Zhou Wei , Zhang Peng-fei
Published: July 2019

In present research, the internal damage evolution and failure characteristics of carbon fiber woven composites under indentation and residual compressive loads were studied by using acoustic emission technology and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Real-time acoustic emission signals originating from internal damage of composites under applied loads were obtained and analyzed by the k-means clustering algorithm. Moreover, the internal damage characteristics were observed by the reconstructed three-dimensional model and the slice images of composite specimens. The results showed that the higher the indentation force reading, the more acoustic emission signals with high amplitude and frequency (over 300 kHz) are generated. Furthermore, the early acoustic emission signals with high-frequency were observed under residual compressive loads. It can be attributed to serious failures of fibers with the increase of static indentation loads. In addition, the internal damages such as delamination, debonding, crack and fiber breakage can be clearly characterized by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy observation. The complementary technology combing acoustic emission with micro-computed tomography can provide a better understanding of internal damages and evolution behaviors of the composites.