bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angle Assessment for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: A Novel Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-Based Approach
Authors: Klein Luan C. , Chellal Arezki Abderrahim , Grilo Vinicius , Braun João , Gonçalves José , Pacheco Maria F. , Fernandes Florbela P. , Monteiro Fernando C. , Lima José
Published: January 2024

The accurate measurement of joint angles during patient rehabilitation is crucial for informed decision making by physiotherapists. Presently, visual inspection stands as one of the prevalent methods for angle assessment. Although it could appear the most straightforward way to assess the angles, it presents a problem related to the high susceptibility to error in the angle estimation. In light of this, this study investigates the possibility of using a new approach to angle calculation: a hybrid approach leveraging both a camera and LiDAR technology, merging image data with point cloud information. This method employs AI-driven techniques to identify the individual and their joints, utilizing the cloud-point data for angle computation. The tests, considering different exercises with different perspectives and distances, showed a slight improvement compared to using YOLO v7 for angle calculation. However, the improvement comes with higher system costs when compared with other image-based approaches due to the necessity of equipment such as LiDAR and a loss of fluidity during the exercise performance. Therefore, the cost–benefit of the proposed approach could be questionable. Nonetheless, the results hint at a promising field for further exploration and the potential viability of using the proposed methodology.
Recent Advances in Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing
Authors: Theodosiou Antreas
Published: January 2024

In the vast realm of optical fiber sensing, where precision and innovation converge, Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) stand as luminaries, casting their influence across myriad applications [...]
The Threat of Disruptive Jamming to Blockchain-Based Decentralized Federated Learning in Wireless Networks
Authors: Kim Gyungmin , Kim Yonggang
Published: January 2024

Machine learning techniques have attracted considerable attention for wireless networks because of their impressive performance in complicated scenarios and usefulness in various applications. However, training with and sharing raw data obtained locally from each wireless node does not guarantee privacy and requires a large communication overhead. To mitigate such issues, federated learning (FL), in which sharing parameters for model updates are shared instead of raw data, has been developed. FL has also been studied using blockchain techniques to efficiently perform learning in distributed wireless systems without having to deploy a centralized server. Although blockchain-based decentralized federated learning (BDFL) is a promising technique for various wireless sensor networks, malicious attacks can still occur, which result in performance degradation or malfunction. In this study, we analyze the impact of a jamming threats from malicious miners to BDFL in wireless networks. In a wireless BDFL system, it is possible for malicious miners with jamming capability to interfere with the collection of model parameters by normal miners, thus preventing the victim miner from generating a global model. By disrupting normal miners participating in BDFL systems, malicious miners with jamming capability can more easily add malicious data to the mainstream. Through various simulations, we evaluated the success probability performance of malicious block insertion and the participation rate of normal miners in a wireless BDFL system.
Vibration-Based SHM in the Synthetic Mooring Lines of the Semisubmersible OO-Star Wind Floater under Varying Environmental and Operational Conditions
Authors: Anastasiadis Nikolas P. , Sakaris Christos S. , Schlanbusch Rune , Sakellariou John S.
Published: January 2024

As the industry transitions toward Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) in greater depths, conventional chain mooring lines become impractical, prompting the adoption of synthetic fiber ropes. Despite their advantages, these mooring lines present challenges in inspection due to their exterior jacket, which prevents visual assessment. The current study focuses on vibration-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in FOWT synthetic mooring lines under uncertainty arising from varying Environmental and Operational Conditions (EOCs). Six damage detection methods are assessed, utilizing either multiple models or a single functional model. The methods are based on Vector Autoregressive (VAR) or Transmittance Function Autoregressive with exogenous input (TF-ARX) models. All methods are evaluated through a Monte Carlo study involving 1100 simulations, utilizing acceleration signals generated from a finite element model of the OO-Star Wind Floater Semi 10 MW wind turbine. With signals from only two measuring positions, the methods demonstrate excellent results, detecting the stiffness reduction of a mooring line at levels 10% through 50%. The methods are also tested for healthy cases, with those utilizing TF-ARX models achieving zero false alarms, even for EOCs not encountered in the training data.
In-Car Environment Control Using an SSVEP-Based Brain-Computer Interface with Visual Stimuli Presented on Head-Up Display: Performance Comparison with a Button-Press Interface
Authors: Park Seonghun , Kim Minsu , Nam Hyerin , Kwon Jinuk , Im Chang-Hwan
Published: January 2024

Controlling the in-car environment, including temperature and ventilation, is necessary for a comfortable driving experience. However, it often distracts the driver’s attention, potentially causing critical car accidents. In the present study, we implemented an in-car environment control system utilizing a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). In the experiment, four visual stimuli were displayed on a laboratory-made head-up display (HUD). This allowed the participants to control the in-car environment by simply staring at a target visual stimulus, i.e., without pressing a button or averting their eyes from the front. The driving performances in two realistic driving tests—obstacle avoidance and car-following tests—were then compared between the manual control condition and SSVEP-BCI control condition using a driving simulator. In the obstacle avoidance driving test, where participants needed to stop the car when obstacles suddenly appeared, the participants showed significantly shorter response time (1.42 ± 0.26 s) in the SSVEP-BCI control condition than in the manual control condition (1.79 ± 0.27 s). No-response rate, defined as the ratio of obstacles that the participants did not react to, was also significantly lower in the SSVEP-BCI control condition (4.6 ± 14.7%) than in the manual control condition (20.5 ± 25.2%). In the car-following driving test, where the participants were instructed to follow a preceding car that runs at a sinusoidally changing speed, the participants showed significantly lower speed difference with the preceding car in the SSVEP-BCI control condition (15.65 ± 7.04 km/h) than in the manual control condition (19.54 ± 11.51 km/h). The in-car environment control system using SSVEP-based BCI showed a possibility that might contribute to safer driving by keeping the driver’s focus on the front and thereby enhancing the overall driving performance.
Special Issue “Emerging AI+X-Based Sensor and Networking Technologies including Selected Papers from ICGHIT 2022–2023”
Authors: Kim Byung-Seo , Afzal Muhammad Khalil , Ullah Rehmat
Published: January 2024

This Special Issue is a collection of selected papers from the 10th and 11th International Conferences on Green and Human Information Technology (ICGHITs) [...]
Ultrathin Platinum Film Hydrogen Sensors with a Twin-T Type Notch Filter Circuit
Authors: Wakabayashi Shoki , Oh Yuki , Nakayama Haruhito , Wang Jin , Kiwa Toshihiko
Published: January 2024

In recent years, hydrogen energy has garnered attention as a potential solution for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, concerns regarding the inherent risk of hydrogen gas leakage and potential explosions have necessitated the development of advanced sensors. Within our research group, we have innovated an ultrathin platinum (Pt) film hydrogen sensor that gauges resistance changes in Pt thin films when exposed to hydrogen gas. Notably, the sensitivity of each sensor is contingent upon the thickness of the Pt film. To address the challenge of detecting hydrogen using multiple sensors, we integrated the ultrathin Pt film as a resistance element within a twin-T type notch filter. This filter exhibits a distinctive reduction in output signals at a specific frequency. The frequency properties of the notch filter dynamically alter with changes in the resistance of the Pt film induced by hydrogen exposure. Consequently, the ultrathin Pt film hydrogen sensor monitors output signal variations around the notch frequency, responding to shifts in frequency properties. This innovative approach enables the electrical control of sensor sensitivity by adjusting the operating frequency in proximity to the notch frequency. Additionally, the simultaneous detection of hydrogen by multiple sensors was successfully achieved by interconnecting sensors with distinct notch frequencies in series.
HPLC/DAD Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Adlay Sprouts and Seeds
Authors: Tran Gia-Han , Uy Neil-Patrick , Kang Shi-Heon , Heo Wonseok , Lee Eun-Song , Roh Seong-Soo , Lee Sanghyun
Published: January 2024

Adlay is an annual plant known for its abundant bioactive compounds and diverse pharmacological activities. Coixol, a key component found in various parts of adlay, significantly contributes to its biological activity. This study was conducted to extract adlay sprouts and seeds using different solvents (methanol and ethanol) and extraction methods (reflux and ultrasonic extraction). The extracts were then evaluated for their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant ability (DPPH and ABTS+). Additionally, the coixol content of these extracts was analyzed using HPLC/DAD analysis. The results showed that the extraction methods and solvents used impacted the bioactive compounds and their activities in the samples. Adlay sprouts exhibited a higher compound content and stronger antioxidant capacity than adlay seeds. Moreover, a substantial amount of coixol was found in the sprouts, while it was not detected in the seeds. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate extraction methods to optimize the biological activities of adlay sprouts and seeds. Adlay sprouts, with their enriched phytochemical compounds and enhanced antioxidant ability, could serve as a valuable material for health product applications.
Justice in Achievement Matters: The Fairness of Educational Opportunities and Active Citizenship
Authors: Boyadjieva Pepka , Ilieva-Trichkova Petya , Todorov Valery
Published: January 2024

Unlike existing research which has focused mainly on the effects of educational attainment and curricula on active citizenship, the present article aims to study the relationship of subjective assessment regarding the fairness of people’s educational opportunities and their active social engagement, and how this relationship is embedded in different social environments. Theoretically, the analysis is based on the view of active citizenship as a multidimensional and domain-specific phenomenon. It is also inspired by the capability approach’s understanding of the opportunity aspect of freedom and the importance of fairness of opportunities and processes. Empirically, our study uses a multilevel linear regression model to analyse data from the European Social Survey 2018 for 29 countries. We develop a scale of active citizenship with four domains: political, social, workplace, and democratic values. Our findings show that a higher perceived unfairness of educational opportunities is associated with lower levels of active citizenship. They also reveal that although there is a negative relationship between the perceived unfairness of people’s opportunities to receive a desired level of education and their active citizenship, it is mitigated when people are living in high-trust societies and in countries which are more economically and democratically developed.
Personality Determinants Related to the Use of Selective and Effective Dietary Supplements by Elite Polish Team Sport Athletes
Authors: Gacek Maria , Wojtowicz Agnieszka , Popek Adam
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to analyse relationships between personality traits and the use of selected dietary supplements among Polish athletes training in team sports. This subject matter has not been explored in prior research. Material and Methods: This research was carried out among a group of 213 athletes (men) in the 18–36 age range, with the implementation of a proprietary validated questionnaire for the use of dietary supplements and the NEO-PI-R inventory (Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Personality Inventory—Revised). Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests, assuming the following level of significance: α = 0.05. Results: It was shown that athletes who periodically and regularly consumed isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, were characterised by a lower level of neuroticism than those who did not consume them. Athletes who periodically took multivitamin preparations were characterised by a lower level of extraversion and openness, and those periodically using multimineral preparations were characterised by a higher level of agreeableness than those who did not use these agents. Athletes not taking creatine were characterised by the lowest level of conscientiousness among the study participants. The use of protein nutrients, probiotics and caffeine was not associated with any personality traits in the athletes. Conclusions: Further relationships of the Big Five personality traits were demonstrated with the use of effective dietary supplements by athletes; the most unambiguous correlations were described for neuroticism and conscientiousness in such a way that the use of isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, was connected with a low level of neuroticism, while the use of creatine was connected with high conscientiousness.
Relative Age and Positive Youth Development in Youth Sport: Do Developmental Assets Play a Role in Creating Advantage Reversals in Female Soccer?
Authors: Smith Kristy L. , Jackson Dennis , Weir Patricia L.
Published: January 2024

Relative age effects (RAEs) are commonly associated with advantages for older athletes. However, a variety of benefits attributed to ‘advantage reversals’ have been observed among relatively younger professional athletes. Considering psychosocial development as a proposed mechanism, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) To explore an association between developmental assets (i.e., facilitators of positive youth development [PYD]) and RAEs; (2) To assess whether overall developmental asset levels are protective against sport dropout. The Developmental Assets Profile© was distributed to members of a one-year cohort of post-adolescent, female soccer players from Ontario, Canada. The presence of differences between groups of relatively older (H1; n = 64) and younger (H2; n = 57) participants and developmental asset scales were assessed using discriminant analysis. A binary logistic regression was conducted to assess whether overall developmental asset levels are protective against sport dropout, with consideration of relevant factors. Findings suggest that relatively younger, female players score higher in two internal categories: commitment to learning and positive values. The overall developmental asset scores were not found to be protective against dropout. This study provides preliminary, albeit cautious, support that ‘advantage reversals’ may be in part associated with enhanced PYD resulting from developmental sport experiences.
The Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Maximal Strength Performance in Healthy Female Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Niering Marc , Wolf-Belala Nacera , Seifert Johanna , Tovar Ole , Coldewey Jacqueline , Kuranda Jennifer , Muehlbauer Thomas
Published: January 2024

Maximal strength is a significant factor in achieving peak performance and injury prevention in athletes. In individualization strategies for the efficient development of athletes, it is necessary to consider the respective components separately. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the effects of the different cycle phases on isometric, isokinetic, and dynamic maximum strength. A systematic literature review was conducted; databases were searched from January 1960 to September 2023. The included studies focused on the expression of maximal strength in the earlier follicular phase as well as at least one comparative phase. Of the initial 707 articles identified, 22 met the selection criteria and were included. The studies considered a total of 433 subjects. Our results revealed medium effects (weighted mean standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.60; seven studies) for isometric maximal strength in favor of the late follicular phase, small effects (weighted mean SMD = 0.39; five studies) for isokinetic maximal strength in favor of the ovulation phase, and small effects (weighted mean SMD = 0.14; three studies) for dynamic maximal strength in favor of the late follicular phase. The results indicate that the early follicular phase is unfavorable for all strength classes. Peak performance in isometric strength is seen in the late follicular phase, whereas isokinetic strength peaks during ovulation. Dynamic strength is optimal in the late follicular phase.
Cultural Fluctuation of Lake Communities by the Shrinkage of Lake Limboto, Indonesia
Authors: Baga Magdalena , Jahja Mohamad , Sakakibara Masayuki , Kasamatsu Hiroki
Published: January 2024

The fluctuating conditions of Lake Limboto have greatly affected the activities of people living around the lake. The shallowing and narrowing of the lake poses a significant problem to local people’s survival. The lake is predicted to disappear by 2030, which will consequentially lead to a diminishment in the productivity of the lake. This article aims to analyze how the communities around the lake respond in their daily activities to the transformation of the lake and the shocking prediction about its lifespan. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach by integrating multiple fields of study to understand and address the problems regarding this issue. This research comprised a literature review, field survey, and in-depth interview process around the lake. This research relied on the framework of cultural studies to analyze the survival and resilience of the people around the lake, gaining an understanding of their special daily activities. The results of this study show that some people are aware of the lake’s gradual recession, but they have not prepared for it, treating the problem as only a government affair. They continue to live at the lake’s shores, enduring even amidst impoverished conditions.
On the Use of Biofuels for Cleaner Cities: Assessing Vehicular Pollution through Digital Twins and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Andrade Matheus , Medeiros Morsinaldo , Medeiros Thaís , Azevedo Mariana , Silva Marianne , Costa Daniel G. , Silva Ivanovitch
Published: January 2024

The air pollution caused by greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), is a significant environmental concern that impacts air quality and contributes to global warming. The transportation sector plays a pivotal role in this issue, being a major contributor to CO2 emissions. In light of this situation, this article proposes a methodology that utilizes a supervised learning algorithm to estimate CO2 emissions and compare vehicles fueled with ethanol and gasoline. Additionally, the solution adopts an online, unsupervised machine learning algorithm to identify data outliers and improve the confidence in the results. Furthermore, this work incorporates the concept of digital twins, using virtual models of vehicles to carry out more extensive pollution simulations and allowing the simulation of various types of vehicles and the modeling of realistic traffic scenarios. A supervised machine learning approach was adopted to infer emission data in the model, allowing more comprehensive and meaningful comparisons between real-world and simulated measurements. The performed analyses of pollution emissions for different speeds and sections of routes demonstrate that CO2 emissions from ethanol were significantly lower than those from gasoline, favoring more sustainable fuels even in combustion engine vehicles. Adopting cleaner fuels is perceived as crucial to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, with plant-based fuels like ethanol being crucial during the transition from fossil fuels to a more sustainable vehicular landscape.
Effect of Vibration Stress on Selected Chemical Parameters of “Bluecrop” Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Idaszewska Natalia , Szymański Grzegorz M. , Bieńczak Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

Changes in the quality of fruits and vegetables are influenced by such factors as temperature, humidity and the composition of the atmosphere in which the fruits and vegetables are stored. During transport, an additional factor is vibration stress. This can lead to mechanical damage of the fruits and vegetables, which leads to deteriorated quality and, in extreme cases, spoiling. In order to preserve the best possible quality of fruits and vegetables despite their prolonged transport, they are maintained in an unripe condition and are later subject to forced ripening before selling. The aim of our investigations was to perform an analysis of the influence of vibration stress on the chemical parameters of fruits (“Bluecrop” highbush blueberry and grape) related to the process of their ripening. The identified parameters were the pH level, the content of total soluble solids, overall sugar, reducing sugars and ascorbic acid. The results of the performed investigations allowed for determining the levels of energy supplied in the form of vibration to the produce causing significant changes in its chemical parameters, indicating its accelerated ripening, as well as the levels of energy that result in changes leading to product spoilage.
The Structure and Characteristics of Effective Massive Open Online Course Learning Strategies among College Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shu Deming , Chen Qiaoyun , Liu Dianzhi , Shen Sifan , Yi Weijun , Tang Xiaoqi , Luo Manshu
Published: January 2024

To enhance the development of massive open online course (MOOC) teaching and learning, prevalent methods and characteristics employed by college students in MOOC learning strategies must be investigated. This study employed the grounded theory approach to systematically encode and construct a learning strategy model for the use of MOOCs among college students in China. This study used data obtained from 57 college students and applied qualitative research coding procedures and NVivo software (version 12.0). The results revealed that the core learning strategies used by college students in MOOC learning could be categorized into cognitive, resource management, and metacognitive types. Five specific learning strategies were most frequently used: elaboration, interactive and cooperation, help-seeking, effort management, and information selection strategies. However, association and questioning strategies are infrequently employed by college students in their learning. Therefore, educators must actively guide students to expand their innovative thinking abilities by implementing these strategies.
Sustainable Polyester Composites Containing Waste Glass for Building Applications
Authors: Dębska Bernardeta , Wojtaszek Katarzyna , Altoé Caetano Marina , Brigolini Silva Guilherme Jorge
Published: January 2024

The ecological construction of the future aims to reduce the amount of waste and minimize energy consumption related to the production and transport of building materials. One way to stop the destructive effects of the excessive exploitation of natural deposits is to implement extensive activities aimed at reusing, preferably multiple times, waste materials. This article describes the results of testing polyester mortars based on the developed experimental plan. It assumed the use of waste glass cullet as a sand replacement in the amount of 0–100% by mass and a variable resin/aggregate ratio in the range of 0.14–0.36. The use of a two-factor central composition plan allowed us to limit the number of research samples and at the same time obtain the necessary scientific information regarding the obtained mortars. Standard tests for flexural and compressive strength and bulk density were performed on rectangular hardened samples. Additionally, the change in the mass of the samples immersed in water was monitored for a period of 165 days. The analysis of the strength test results allows us to conclude that, with appropriately selected proportions of resin-glass waste, composites with a flexural strength of 30 MPa and a compressive strength of 91.4 MPa can be obtained. Including waste in a mortar allows elements with low water absorption to be obtained. At the same time, their production is about 2.5 times cheaper than their epoxy counterparts. The test results were compared with those obtained for epoxy-based mortars and with reference to the requirements set by the manufacturers of prefabricated polymer concrete elements intended for construction applications.
Optimal Energy Configuration of Integrated Energy Community Considering Carbon Emission
Authors: Liu Jiangping , Nie Jianghong , Cui Xue , Liu Peng , Tong Pingzheng , Liu Xue
Published: January 2024

An integrated energy community with a distributed utilization of renewable energy and complementary electricity–gas–cold–heat integrated energy will play an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. In addition, compared with traditional thermoelectric power equipment, solid oxide fuel cells have many advantages, such as a high energy utilization rate, good waste heat quality, and low carbon emissions. Therefore, the SOFC-based multi-energy and energy storage sharing operation model of an integrated energy community with an electricity–gas–cooling–heat integrated energy system is constructed, and a bi-objective optimal configuration model considering the carbon emission index is established. Considering the economic objective of the smallest annual total operating cost as the most important objective in optimizing the planning model, the ε-constraint method is used to transform the environmental objective function with the smallest annual total carbon emission into a constraint condition under the decision making of an economic single objective function, and then the planning model is linearized and solved by using the Big-M method and the McCormick relaxation method. By calculating and analyzing the energy allocation results in five scenarios, the effectiveness and rationality of the model built in this article are verified. At the same time, the calculation example analysis results show that as the ε value decreases, the energy configuration of the integrated energy community will shift from natural gas to clean energy. From this perspective, the energy equipment configuration and operating costs will increase. However, the heat storage system and power storage system sharing can effectively reduce the energy allocation capacity and costs.
Social Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Upper-Middle-Income Countries: Social Policy and Sustainable Economic Development Implications
Authors: Villegas-Mateos Allan , Vázquez-Maguirre Mario
Published: January 2024

This study aims to explore how a region’s degree of vulnerability influences the perceived level of support toward social entrepreneurship from a social entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective. The study of social entrepreneurial ecosystems (SEEs) constitutes a promising area for its potential to support high-impact entrepreneurs, but they are currently underexplored in upper-middle-income countries. This study also combines a macro-level (countries) and a meso-level (vulnerability regions) analysis to better understand how national policies may affect the perceptions of different ‘regions’ and, consequently, sustainable economic development. This study follows principal component analysis and non-parametric statistics to compare the means of the countries and the levels of regions’ vulnerabilities based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s regional data from Chilean (n = 276) and Mexican (n = 188) experts. At the macro level, the results show that experts in Chile have a better perception of social policies for social entrepreneurship than their counterparts in Mexico. At the meso-level, experts in high-vulnerability regions have a better perception of the social ecosystem dynamism than those in the low-vulnerability regions. The results contribute to the urgent dialogue to set up strategies that allow upper-middle-income countries and their regions to achieve greater impact and sustainability.
How to Manage Supply Chains Successfully in Transport Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Mehmood Saqib , Fan Jianqiang , Dokota Idris Salim , Nazir Samera , Nazir Zarish
Published: January 2024

The objective of this research is to assess the influence of effective supply chain management on the success of transport infrastructure projects, considering the moderating effects of building information modeling (BIM) and environmental factors. Data were collected through questionnaires from construction projects and subjected to analysis to gain insights into the contributions of various supply chain management strategies to the overall performance of transport infrastructure projects, as well as how the presence of BIM and environmental considerations affect this relationship. The data were subjected to analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of this investigation revealed a significant impact of supply chain management practices in the construction industry on the performance of transport infrastructure projects, with BIM and environmental considerations acting as moderators in this association. This study holds both practical and theoretical significance, as it contributes to the existing body of knowledge by shedding light on the role of supply chain management in construction and its influence on the success of transport infrastructure projects while also exploring the moderating influence of BIM and environmental factors. The findings provide valuable perspectives for improving supply chain management practices in construction, thereby enhancing the outcomes of transport infrastructure projects.
Non-Destructive Analysis Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Predict Albumin, Globulin, Glutelin, and Total Protein Content in Sunflower Seeds
Authors: Levasseur-Garcia Cecile , Castellanet Pierre , Henry Camille , Florin Christelle , Laporte Marion , Mirleau-Thebaud Virginie , Plut Sandrine , Calmon Anne
Published: January 2024

This pilot study explores the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for predicting sunflower seed protein content, focusing on both crushed and husked samples to address agricultural sustainability concerns. Sunflower seeds are renowned for their richness in both oil and protein content. The important role of sunflower seeds in the food and feed industries underscores the importance of using precise analytical tools to determine their composition. In essence, the nature of the hull of sunflower seeds, which skews the interaction between the seed and light, necessitates a sophisticated analysis. This study analyzes 326 samples using a near-infrared spectrometer to develop robust partial least squares (PLS) models. High accuracy is achieved in predicting total protein for crushed samples (r²c = 0.97, RMSEC 0.54%, RPDc 6; r²p = 0.78, RMSEP 1.24%, RPDp 2.1). Extending the scope to husked samples, promising results emerge for crude protein prediction (r²c = 0.93, RMSEC 0.86%, RPDc 3.9; r²cv = 0.83, RMSECV 1.39%, RPDcv 2.4). Additionally, this study delves into protein fractions (globulin, albumin, and glutelin) in crushed seeds, adding depth to the analysis. In conclusion, NIR spectroscopy proves valuable for rapid prescreening in breeding, especially when working with hulled grains, offering non-destructive efficiency and predictive accuracy in agricultural analysis. The novel exploration of protein fractions in sunflower seeds further enhances this study’s importance, providing a valuable contribution to the field and underscoring the practical applications of NIR spectroscopy in sustainable agriculture. In conclusion, the opacity of sunflower seed hulls poses challenges in infrared spectroscopy, limiting light penetration and accuracy. Dehulled seeds are preferred for reliable results, overcoming hull-related limitations. Although grinding provides the advantages of uniformity and reproducibility for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, the preference for dehulled grains persists. The practical need for accurate analysis in agriculture and breeding drives the choice of spectroscopy on dehulled seeds, allowing for replanting.
Relationships between Sustainable Operations and the Resilience of SMEs
Authors: Pércsi Kinga Nagyné , Fülöp Zsolt
Published: January 2024

In the 21st century, the primary concerns within our society and economic framework revolve around securing a sustainable future and ensuring our future prospects. The crises witnessed in recent years have both introduced new challenges and revived existing difficulties. The crucial question emerges: can societies and economies demonstrate the resilience necessary to avert impending dangers during such circumstances? This consideration holds particular significance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the global economy. SMEs play a vital role in national economies, and their importance is even more pronounced within our national societies. Addressing threats and challenges in the SME sector proves to be more challenging due to their compact size, which lacks the protective shield against various environmental impacts enjoyed by larger enterprises with their greater size and capabilities. On the other hand, due to their smaller size, SMEs may be able to overcome these obstacles more successfully than large enterprises by using the appropriate tools and investing in opportunities. The aim of this article is to investigate to what extent environmental protection investments and other sustainability-related developments increase the resilience of SMEs. In connection with the above mentioned, it was investigated how the combination of marketing communication and sustainability goals, and how appropriate communication of sustainability, contributes to increasing the resilience of Hungarian SMEs. The analysis is based on a grouping of 266 small and medium-sized enterprises using the variables created based on the literature review and expert interviews.
Building a Life Cycle Carbon Emission Estimation Model Based on an Early Design: 68 Case Studies from China
Authors: Guo Cheng , Zhang Xinghui , Zhao Li , Wu Weiwei , Zhou Hao , Wang Qingqin
Published: January 2024

The building sector contributes to 50.9 percent of China’s carbon emissions. Due to the complexity of the assessment process, it is difficult to predict the entire life cycle carbon emissions of a building at the early stage of design. In this study, a whole-life carbon emission estimation model for the early stage of building design is developed based on comparison of the standard calculations and an analysis of stock cases. Firstly, the standard calculation methods in China, Japan and Europe were compared, and the boundary of the model was defined in three parts: production, construction and demolition and operation. Second, information on 68 examples of Chinese buildings was collected and divided into a training set and a test set at a ratio of 7:3. In the training set, the relationship between carbon emissions and the design parameters was searched, and a carbon emission estimation model applicable to different stages was constructed. Finally, the model was applied to the test set for validation. The results show that the calculation error of the model is within ±15%, and it can quickly estimate carbon emissions based on the design factors, which is helpful for carbon emission assessment work in the early stages of design.
Analysis of Extreme Random Uncertainty in Energy and Environment Systems for Coal-Dependent City by a Copula-Based Interval Cost–Benefit Stochastic Approach
Authors: Liu Yanzheng , Tan Jicong , Wei Zhao , Zhu Ying , Chang Shiyu , Li Yexin , Li Shaoyi , Guo Yong
Published: January 2024

Extreme random events will interfere with the inversion analysis of energy and environment systems (EES) and make the planning schemes unreliable. A Copula-based interval cost–benefit stochastic programming (CICS) is proposed to deal with extreme random uncertainties. Taking Yulin city as an example, there are nine constraint-violation scenarios and six coal-reduction scenarios are designed. The results disclose that (i) both system cost and pollutant emission would decrease as the industrial energy supply constraint-violation level increases; (ii) when the primary and secondary energy output increases by 9% and 13%, respectively, and industrial coal supply decreases by 40%, the coal-dependent index of the system would be the lowest, and the corresponding system profitability could reach [29.3, 53.0] %; (iii) compared with the traditional chance-constrained programming, Copula-based stochastic programming can reflect more uncertain information and achieve a higher marginal net present value rate. Overall, the CICS-EES model offers a novel approach to gain insight into the tradeoff between system reliability and profitability.
Assessment of the Thermal Properties of Buildings in Eastern Almería (Spain) during the Summer in a Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Sáez-Pérez María Paz , García Ruiz Luisa María , Tajani Francesco
Published: January 2024

Within a context in which temperatures are increasing due to global warming, it is important to assess the capacity of buildings, old and modern, to respond to this new situation. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of understanding more about the thermal properties of traditional constructions. This study quantifies the impact of the high summer temperatures typical of the Mediterranean climate on traditional farmhouses in Eastern Almería (Spain). The study group of farmhouses was divided into three models representative of the different types of Eastern Almería vernacular architecture. Energy consumption in the three models was simulated using EnergyPlus. The three models were assessed in free-floating conditions. The window-to-wall ratio and U-factor values were studied in order to evaluate potential benefits in terms of energy efficiency. Outdoor and indoor temperatures were compared. Finally, an adaptive thermal comfort analysis was performed according to ASHRAE 55. Results highlight the ability of Eastern Almería farmhouses to mitigate extreme temperatures.
Microscale Investigation of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Annaba City: Unveiling Factors and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Sayad Bouthaina , Helmi Mansour Rifaat , Osra Oumr Adnan , Abed Ahmad Mohammed , Alhubashi Haytham Hussain
Published: January 2024

Cities are facing significant challenges related to climate change, particularly due to the increasing impact of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. The present study investigated the UHI phenomenon at the microscale in Annaba, Algeria. The research involved a multi-step approach, starting with on-site measurements of urban microclimate parameters, performed in downtown Annaba on 6 July 2023. The UHI intensity was quantified by comparing city-measured temperatures with rural surroundings. Thermal imaging is then used to empirically identify the contributing factors to UHI initiation at the microscale. The study employed the ENVI-met model to analyse mitigation strategies, manipulating parameters for six scenarios including the current design of the study area. Outputs were used to assess the impact of these strategies on air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The findings revealed an intense UHI effect in Annaba city with a peak difference of 6.9 °C, with practical implications for buildings, ground and roads, vehicles, air conditioners, and specific facade materials. Introducing urban vegetation, particularly urban trees and green roofs, proved highly effectiveness in mitigating the UHI in downtown Annaba. Urban trees demonstrated the most substantial impact, reducing temperatures by 1.9 °C at 1 p.m., while green roof temperature reductions ranged from 0.1 °C to 2 °C.
Avocado (Persea americana cv. ‘Hass’) Fruit Mineral Composition at Canopy Level towards Sustainable Quality
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Asad , Joyce Daryl Clifford
Published: January 2024

Sustaining avocado fruit quality is crucial to maintain customer satisfaction and confidence. Among fruit qualities, mineral nutrient composition is an important contributor to postharvest robustness. Towards better understanding and addressing variability within the plant canopy, ‘Hass’ fruit from across seven orchard blocks were individually characterised. From five representative trees in each block, five fruit were harvested (one from each of five positions: top (sun-exposed), bottom (shaded), middle (shaded), East (sun-exposed), and West (sun-exposed)). Fruit dry matter was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in fruit from the top, East, and West sun-exposed positions. No significant (p > 0.05) effect of position was discerned for fruit weight at harvest or for either stem end rot (SER) or body rot (BR) incidence at eating soft. Shaded fruit had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) [N], [K], [Mg], N:Ca, K:Ca, and K + Mg:Ca in their flesh. Significant negative linear correlations (p ≤ 0.001) were obtained between fruit DM and flesh [N] (r = −0.75), [K] (r = −0.67), and N:Ca (r = −0.57). SER and BR incidence were significantly positively correlated (p ≤ 0.01) with flesh and skin mineral ratios of N:Ca, K:Ca, Mg:Ca, and K + Mg:Ca. Skin and flesh [Ca] were significantly negatively correlated with SER (r = −0.51, p ≤ 0.01) and BR (r = −0.74, p ≤ 0.001) incidences. Soil cation (Ca, Mg, K) availability (%base saturation of cation exchange capacity (CEC)) was not (p > 0.05) correlated with skin or flesh mineral concentrations or ratios. Considered collectively, results suggest that selective harvest of sun-exposed fruit with inherently lower mineral nutrient ratios yields relatively robust fruit. Such fruit lots should better tolerate the rigours of harvest and postharvest treatment and handling. In this context, they should better maintain quality upon passage through long, in terms of accumulated time-temperature increments, export supply chains. In contrast, shaded fruit could be directed into shorter domestic supply chains. As a harvest strategy, segregating fruit lots from harvest could underpin the quality offered to consumers at the end of ‘short’ and ‘long’ supply chains.
Charting the Path of Technology-Integrated Competence in Industrial Design during the Era of Industry 4.0
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Xi , Chen Zibin , Wang Zhi , Liu Chenyang , Park Kyungjin
Published: January 2024

The fusion of emerging technologies with industrial design has catalyzed a fundamental shift in the aesthetics, user experiences, and service frameworks of products in the Industry 4.0 era. Simultaneously, this convergence has heightened the demands placed on the technological integration competencies of designers. Consequently, there exists a necessity to articulate a precise developmental trajectory for proficiency in industrial design that incorporates these novel technologies. This study initiates with a bibliometric analysis to quantify the scholarly literature relevant to this research domain. Subsequently, leveraging the insights from this analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts spanning the United States, Europe, South Korea, and China. Our conclusions show the following: (1) Co-word analysis and cluster analysis techniques are applied to identify 80 technologies and four technological clusters that demonstrate strong associations with industrial design in the Industry 4.0 era. (2) Employing coding techniques and thematic analysis, four distinct skill domains emerge for technology-integrated industrial design: Industrial Design Skills, Industrial Design Knowledge, Ethical Considerations in Industrial Design, and Industrial Design Industry Insight. Furthermore, a limitation that affects these competencies is identified. (3) A recommended methodology for assessing these competencies is proposed. This study represented an expansion upon existing industrial design competencies. The empirical data generated herein serves as a valuable resource for practitioners and educators within the field of industrial design. Furthermore, it provides a theoretical groundwork for future models addressing technology-infused industrial design capabilities.
Regional Analysis of the Potential Distribution of Heptacodium miconioides and Its Competitor Species in China
Authors: Li Le , Liu Minxia , Ji Lanxiang , Wang Fei
Published: January 2024

Heptacodium miconioides is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a rare and endangered plant which is being subjected to competition for environmental resources by Fraxinus insularis. The impact of competing species on the dispersal of H. miconioides across time and space is unclear, which hinders our ability to effectively protect rare and endangered species. Therefore, in this study, we performed a spatial analysis of the interactions between H. miconioides and F. insularis using the Maximum Entropy model (MaxEnt) coupled with the Spatio-temporal Geographic Weighted Regression Model. The results show that: Among the 20 environmental factors selected, Precipitation in Driest Quarter (Bio17) was the primary factor affecting H. miconioides and F. insularis. An expansion of H. miconioides and F. insularis habitats will be seen in future environments compared to current environments. Under the current climatic conditions, the ecological niche overlap has a D value of 0.7261 and an I value of 0.9188, and the ecological niche overlap will increase further in future environments. The distribution of F. insularis practically covered the area suitable for H. miconioides, and the influence of F. insularis’s suitability index on H. miconioides gradually increased. The region of negative impacts has changed, with distribution in the current environment in the southern part of Shaanxi, eastern Sichuan, and northern part of Zhejiang, China, moving to the southern part of Henan, and the junction between Zhejiang and Anhui in the 2050s. Sustainability is one of the important goals in global development today, and the conservation of rare and endangered plants is one of the most important elements of sustainable development. It is not only beneficial to the survival and health of human beings, but also helps to promote the sustainable development of ecologies, economies, and societies.