bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PiR-26681: A Promising Therapeutic Inhibitor Targeting METTL3/METTL14 Complex-Mediated FBXO16 M6A Modification and Suppressing the EMT/WNT Pathway in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chen Shuo , Wang Jie-lin , Wu QingHua , Yuan Jing , Bao Hai-juan , Huang Xiang-Chun , Han Yang , Ji Yu-Meng , Cheng Jia-Chen
Published: October 2024

Ovarian cancer (OV), a prevalent gynecological malignancy, is characterized by poor outcomes and limited treatment options. Compared to patients with early stages of the disease, patients with advanced ovarian cancer have significantly lower survival rates. For these reasons, investigating a nucleic acid that may be a promising treatment for ovarian cancer was the main goal of this study, particularly in terms of preventing the disease from progressing from its primary stage to an advanced one. Significantly, individuals with ovarian cancer displayed a diminished amount of piR-26681, particularly in the later stages of the disease. Moreover, piR-26681 is associated with a favorable prognosis. Overexpression of piR-26681 in ovarian cancer cells significantly inhibited malignant behaviors. Mechanistically, piR-26681 interacted with METTL3 and METTL14, enhancing their stability and facilitating their binding. It also elevated the levels of m6A methylation and enhanced the stability of METTL14 and FBXO16 mRNAs. Consequently, this led to downregulation of β-catenin and suppression of the WNT and EMT signaling pathways. In vivo, experiments using xenograft models and patient-derived organoids (PDOs) further confirmed the tumor-suppressive effects of piR-26681. These findings indicate that piR-26681 represents a potentially promising strategy for improving the treatment outcomes of ovarian cancer.
Comparison of risk scores for the prediction of 30-day mortality after TAVI on the basis of the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Lu Meiling , wang peihe , Xiong Ruijie , sun lu , han zhen
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the baseline characteristics of patients admitted to the ICU after TAVI and the ability of six scores (Acute physiology score III(APSIII), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA), Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score(LODS), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Score(SIRS), oxford acute severity of illness score(OASIS) and Simplified Acute Physiological Score II(SAPSII)) for the severity of ill in critically illness patients on the first day in the ICU with regard to the predict 30-day mortality risk. Data regarding patients who were undergoing TAVI were extracted from the database of MIMIC-IV.The AUCs for APSIII, SOFA, LODS, SIRS, OASIS and SAPSII were 0.882, 0.791, 0.882, 0.669, 0.845 and 0.774. Among the six scoring systems, the OASIS score had the highest sensitivity at 90.5%, while the LODS score had the highest specificity at 83.5%. Clinical decision curves revealed that APSIII had the largest area under the curve, and a slightly better net benefit within the threshold. In intensive care patients with TAVI, APSIII may be a better indicator of short-term mortality.
Clinical outcome of neobladder or augmentation after cystectomy in locally advanced colorectal cancer involving the urinary tract: Case series
Authors: Lee Chunwoo , Nam Wook , Kim Chan Wook , Yoon Yong Sik , You Dalsan
Published: October 2024

Background: In most cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) with bladder invasion, ileal conduit diversion is commonly performed. However, with increasing survival rates, quality of life becomes a significant concern, making this approach less favorable. Thus, this study aims to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with CRC who underwent neobladder or augmentation surgeries.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of nine patients who underwent neobladder or augmentation surgeries combined with surgical management of locally advanced CRC involving the urinary tract between 2011 and 2018 at Asan Medical Center.
Result: Nine patients underwent neobladder or augmentation procedures following extensive cystectomy due to rectal or sigmoid colon cancer. The median age of these patients was 58, ranging from 45 to 71 years. Most of the patients were diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer, and the bladder was the most commonly affected genitourinary tract organ. Of nine patients, two underwent total cystectomy with neobladder procedures, while seven had partial cystectomy and augmentation due to insufficient residual bladder. Four patients needed ureterectomy because of ureter invasion. Two female patients experienced vesico-vaginal fistula complications. Three out of the nine patients (33%) showed no bladder invasion at the pathological stage. Of the patients, seven achieved full continence while two did not.
Conclusion: Quality of life is crucial for CRC patients with improved survival rates. In our study, postoperative mortality or morbidity was not significant among patients who underwent total cystectomy. Neobladder or augmentation surgeries are feasible options for CRC patients with urinary tract invasion.
Primary pleural small cell carcinoma with paraneoplastic syndrome: A case series
Authors: gupta Rahul kumar , Pundir Sammi , Agrawal Vaibhav
Published: October 2024

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumour that usually presents as a centrally located mass or mediastinal lesion. It clinically manifests as a feature of airway obstruction or haemoptysis with paraneoplastic syndrome being common entity. Extrapulmonary origin and metastatic pleural involvement are rare. Primary pleural involvement without lung lesion is extremely rare in small-cell cancer. In this case series we are describing clinical features with radiological findings and thoracoscopic appearance and histopathology of three cases diagnosed as small cell lung cancer with primary pleural involvement and different paraneoplastic syndrome with their response to chemotherapy.
Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio as biomarker for cardiovascular health and cognitive function in the elderly diabetic and non- diabetic population: a case control study
Authors: Ragheb Christina S. , Masry Manal Roshdy El , Elbasel Mohamed , Galal Mai , Rabiee Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Background Atherosclerosis plays a crucial role in the progression of cardiovascular disease, which is still a major global health concern. Its onset and advancement are significantly influenced by inflammation, especially when it comes to the immune system's relationship with hypercholesterolemia. Effective serum biomarkers for atherosclerosis are still elusive, despite continuous research into anti-inflammatory therapies. Both monocytes and high density lipoprotein play important roles in inflammatory and antioxidant processes; whilst high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) provides protective benefits, monocytes are involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaque. The monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has emerged as a promising predictor of cardiovascular events, potentially more sensitive than each one's individual levels. Studies have investigated the relationship between MHR and cardiovascular events in a number of diseases, such as acute coronary syndrome and chronic kidney disease.This study investigates the associations between MHR, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and cognitive impairment in elderly Egyptian populations, exploring its potential as a diagnostic marker and its role in predicting cognitive decline in diabetic individuals.
Comprehending this intricate correlation is essential for developing preventive measures and targeted interventions for preventing cardiovascular disease and cognitive deterioration in the geriatrics.
Results The study included 100 participants, 50 with type 2 diabetes and 50 non-diabetic, with a mean age of 67 years. Significant negative correlations were found between MHR and the 3MS test (r: -0.353 p=0.012) & (r: -0.170 p=0.238) and between carotid femoral PWV and the 3MS test in diabetics & in non-diabetics (r: -0.453 p=0.001) in both groups, suggesting a potential link between MHR and cognitive impairment.
Conclusion This study highlights the complex relationship between monocyte to HDL-C ratio (MHR), atherosclerosis, and cognitive function in the elderly. Positive correlations were found between MHR and carotid intima-media thickness and carotid femoral PWV, suggesting a role for MHR in atherosclerosis. Notably, a negative correlation between MHR and cognitive function in diabetic individuals suggests a potential link between MHR and cognitive decline.
Resistin Upregulates Fatty Acid Oxidation in Synoviocytes of Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Knee Osteoarthritis via CAP1/PKA/CREB to Promote Inflammation and Catabolism
Authors: Ding Lu , Ren Jinyi , Huang Yi-Fan , Bai Zi-Ran , Leng Yi , Tian Jun-Wei , Wei Jing , Jin Min-Li , Wang Guan , Li Xia , Qi Xin
Published: October 2024

Background: To explore whether there were metabolism disorder which promote inflammatory and catabolic phenotype in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from KOA patients with MetS (MetS-KOA-FLS), and the roles and mechanisim of resistin in MetS-KOA-FLS.
Methods: Comparative analysis of synovium and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from MetS-associated KOA (MetS-KOA) and non-MetS-associated KOA (nMetS-KOA) of females to detect the differences in inflammation, catabolism and glycolipid metabolis. Serum from MetS-KOA stimulated nMetS-KOA-FLS to detect the effect of MetS microenvironment on inflammation, catabolism and glycolipid metabolism of nMetS-KOA-FLS. Resistin stimulated MetS-KOA-FLS to explore the effect of resistin on inflammation and catabolism of MetS-KOA-FLS and its specific mechanism.
Results: Compared with nMetS-KOA-FLS, MetS-KOA-FLS expressed higher inflammatory related factors, catabolic enzymes, and showed stronger adhesive and invasive ability. Resistin was found to be an important factor in the serum and internal environment of MetS-KOA patients, and it mediated the differences in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) between the two groups. Resistin activated the PKA/CREB pathway through CAP1 and upregulated FAO, promoting the inflammatory and catabolic phenotype of MetS-KOA-FLS.
Conclusions: This study clarifies the mechanism by which MetS causes synovitis from a metabolic perspective and provides new ideas for further research and treatment of MetS-KOA.
Longitudinal graphics of physical function and other patient-reported outcomes in patients treated for hematologic malignancies
Authors: Thanarajasingam Gita , Bhatnagar Vishal , Noble Brie , Chen Ting-Yu , Fiero Mallorie , Hoffman Ron , Jeffery Molly , Mazza Gina , Mascarenhas John , Mesa Ruben , Murugappan Meena , Ross Joseph , Sidana Surbhi , Warsame Rahma , Kluetz Paul , Dueck Amylou
Published: October 2024

Background
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a draft guidance document detailing core patient-reported outcomes in cancer clinical trials, including physical function (PF). This study aimed to develop analytic methods and visualizations of patient-reported PF in patients with cancer.
Methods
We applied an estimand framework to a patient-reported tolerability endpoint to develop data summaries cross-sectionally and over time, along with visualizations. We accomplished this through iterative feedback with clinicians, statisticians, and FDA stakeholders using three clinical trial datasets in hematologic malignancies. Graphical approaches were applied to three datasets in hematologic malignancies: (1) patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms enrolled in MPN-RC 111/112 trials completed EORTC QLQ-C30 over 12 months; (2) patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing CAR-T cell therapy or autologous transplant who completed FACT questionnaires over 6 months; and (3) patients with multiple myeloma or amyloidosis who completed the PROMIS-29 questionnaire over 6 months. Zoom polls were administered to two stakeholder groups (clinicians/clinical investigators and patient advocates) to elicit feedback.
Results
Visualizations included stacked bar charts, line plots of arithmetic mean changes from baseline, pie charts, waffle plots, and waterfall plots of PF data. Graphics considered scaled scores and individual items and included delineation of PRO completion rate at each time point. Confidence intervals and reference lines were included as applicable, and colorblind accessible colors were implemented to ensure inclusivity of all visualizations. Data summaries over time reporting “worst” change were difficult to interpret. In terms of stakeholders’ preference, patients preferred stacked bar charts while clinicians equally favored stacked bar charts and line plots; both patients and clinicians preferred waterfall plots to pie charts. Patient feedback highlighted the need for various graphics to convey group level trends and granular individual-patient level information.
Conclusion
Patient-reported PF informs the evaluation of treatment tolerability in cancer trials. Data summaries and visualizations of physical function developed through an iterative process were reviewed favorably by patients, clinicians and FDA stakeholders in this study. Future work to systematically assess accuracy of interpretation of the various analytic and visualization methods is a necessary next step across clinical, regulatory, payer and patient stakeholders.
Trial registration
NCT01259817, NCT01259856
Prognostic factors of recurrence in patients with recurrent postoperative pancreatic cancer treated with adjuvant TS-1 as the main outcome
Authors: Abe Kyohei , Furukawa Kenei , Fukuda Mizuki , Gocho Takeshi , Tsunematsu Masashi , Hamura Ryoga , Shirai Yoshihiro , Haruki Koichiro , Fujioka Shuichi , Ikegami Toru
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Prognosis of pancreatic cancer is improved by combining postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with surgery, while the importance of extended dissection surgery has decreased. Here, to better understand prognostic factors of recurrence, we focused on the timing of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Materials and Methods
One hundred patients who underwent pancreatectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy and chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer were classified into early and late postoperative adjuvant therapy initiation groups. Prognosis was evaluated retrospectively using known prognostic factors.
Results
On receiver operating characteristic analysis, optimum cut-off between the early (< 52 days; n = 60) and late adjuvant initiation groups (≥ 52 days; n = 40) was 52 days. The two groups were well-matched, except the early initiation group had more surgeries with D2 lymph node dissection (75% vs 48%; p = 0.01); fewer postoperative complications (17% vs 59%; p = 0.04), including less postoperative pancreatic fistula (13% vs 35%; p = 0.03); and longer disease-free survival (0.7 years v 0.5 years; p = 0.02). On multivariate evaluation, early initiation of adjuvant therapy and completion of adjuvant therapy were associated with increased overall survival, while early initiation was associated with prolonged disease-free survival.
Conclusion
Prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer is improved by earlier rather than later initiation of postoperative adjuvant therapy. While surgery remains a key treatment approach, its main contribution to prognosis may derive from minimization of dissection and complications.
Advancing the Understanding and Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Soni Jinal , Gogia Atul , Aggarwal Anivita
Published: October 2024

Background Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus, is a significant cause of endemic mycosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. While considered endemic to the Gangetic Plains in India, reports from nonendemic regions have been increasing. This study aims to enhance the understanding and diagnosis of histoplasmosis by describing cases from a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India.Methods A retrospective study involving adult patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, from July 2019 to March 2024. Clinical data were extracted from the hospital’s electronic medical records and analysed via SPSS software.Results Eleven patients with a mean age of 48.4 years were identified. The majority were male (90.9%) and had risk factors such as immunosuppressive therapy, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and diabetes. Common symptoms included fever (90.9%) and weight loss (72.7%). Hematological abnormalities such as anemia and leukopenia (36.3%) and radiological findings of splenomegaly (72.7%) and hepatomegaly (63.6%) were most common. Complications such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurred in 27.2% of patients, with a mortality rate of 18.18%.Discussion Histoplasmosis often mimics tuberculosis (TB) in terms of symptoms and radiological findings, complicating its diagnosis in regions with high TB burdens. Immunosuppressive therapy, HIV, and diabetes are significant risk factors. Clinical presentations vary, including fever, weight loss, and uncommon manifestations like gastrointestinal (GI) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement, posing diagnostic challenges. Unlike those in the western literature, all patients in our study had disseminated histoplasmosis, suggesting the underdiagnosis of milder forms in India. Most patients respond well to intravenous L-AmB (liposomal amphotericin-B) followed by oral itraconazole, although complications such as HLH and MODS are common. The mortality rate was 18.18%, emphasizing the need for timely diagnosis and treatment.Conclusion This study reinforces the importance of heightened clinical suspicion and awareness for diagnosing histoplasmosis. Improved diagnostics with rapid and reliable tests are essential for better patient management and outcomes. Public health strategies should focus on educating healthcare providers about diverse presentations and mandating case notifications. An enhanced understanding of histoplasmosis can mitigate misdiagnosis rates and improve treatment outcomes.
Three-Dimensional Agitated Saline Contrast Transesophageal Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Gwak Seo-Yeon , Kim Kyu , Lee Hyun-Jung , Cho Iksung , Hong Geu-Ru , Ha Jong-Won , Shim Chi Young
Published: October 2024

Background
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a three-dimensional (3D) and dynamic structure, making it challenging to diagnose with 2D imaging. We aimed to develop a practical protocol for 3D agitated saline contrast (ASC) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), evaluate its feasibility, and identify implications for the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with ischemic stroke.
Methods
In 158 patients (52 women; age: 63.6 ± 14.0 years) with ischemic stroke who were referred for TEE to evaluate the cardiac source of embolism, TEE was performed using the EPIQ CVx ultrasound system (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA) with a 2–8 MHz transesophageal matrix array transducer (X8-2t). ASC tests were performed with 2D and 3D images. According to the results of each method, patients were classified into four groups: no shunt, possible PFO, definite PFO, and intrapulmonary shunt.
Results
The practical 3D ASC protocol consisted of two images: one in the 90°–120° bicaval view and another in the 40°–70° short-axis view. These images were acquired to include both the left upper pulmonic vein and interatrial septum at the mid-esophageal position. Image acquisition and analysis of 3D TEE images were feasible in 150 patients (94.9%). By applying the 3D ASC protocol, 32 patients (21.3%) were reclassified into another group, and 16 (10.7%) had their diagnosis changed. Definite PFO cases increased from 20 (13.3%) to 35 (23.3%) patients.
Conclusion
The practical 3D TEE protocol for diagnosing PFO was feasible in patients with ischemic stroke. Adding a practical 3D ASC protocol to 2D TEE aids in the accurate diagnosis of PFO.
Gender Matters: On Recurrence Risk of Cardiovascular Complications for Type 2 Diabetes Subjects
Authors: Gentili Michele , Leonardi Stefano , Silvestri Fabrizio , Croce Federico , Rosati Riccardo , Grani Giorgio , Candido Riccardo , Cianni Graziano Di , Mannino Domenico , Ponzani Paola , Russo Giuseppina , Nicolucci Antonio , Frieder Ophir , Maranghi Marianna
Published: October 2024

Background
Previous reports suggest that, despite men facing higher absolute risks of cardiovascular complications, women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) experience greater relative risks of cardiovascular events. Studies prior to 2000 indicated a significant impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with diabetes, but recent research shows inconsistent results. The uncertainty persists on whether sex differences in the impact of diabetes on CVD and mortality exist, and if so, whether they depend on age or other cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods
This study analyzed data from Italian Diabetes Outpatient clinics (2005–2018) for more than 300,000 patients. We leveraged sequential data mining techniques such as the incremental risk score (lift score) to investigate whether T2DM is associated with a higher risk of recurrent macrovascular events in women compared to men. We used Cohen's d to compare risk factors in men and women and Chi-square test to compare the number of treatments prescribed.
Results
The incremental risk for women was significantly higher (20% on average) as compared to men for most of the analyzed sequence of major cardiovascular events. A deep analysis of risk factors and therapeutic treatment did not provide a clear explanation for this risk difference .
Conclusions
In this nationwide study, we observed that although men have higher absolute rates of first-occurrence of macro vascular complications, the relative risk of recurrent cardiovascular complications are higher in women across all ages. The study suggests that the treatment and care for cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients should reflect the differences in the risk for subsequent major cardiovascular events in men and women.
The Impact of Social Capital on Condom Use at Lat Sex Among Sexually Active Young People in Ghana.
Authors: Ananga Mark Kwame , Bonsra Emmanuel Abu , Agbefu Rosemary Kafui , Komesuor Joyce
Published: October 2024

Background: Social capital, the resources found within social relationships, is increasingly recognised in public health. Although the literature extensively documents the factors associated with risky sexual behaviours among youth, most studies concentrate on individual-level factors. However, these behaviours can also be influenced by social factors beyond individual control, as young people are often embedded in social organizations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital variables and condom use at last sex among sexually active young people in Ghana.
Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study design was conducted using a community-based household survey among young people aged 15 -24 years in the South Tongu district of Ghana. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to sample 792 youth for the study. Data collection utilized well-designed semi-structured questionnaires. Analysis of the data was done using STATA version 16.
Results: Significant associations were found between several dimensions of social capital and condom use at last sex. Specifically, participants with stronger network connections had a 1.84 times higher likelihood of condom use (AOR=1.84, 95% CI=1.20-2.82, p=0.005). Additionally, participants who reported higher empowerment were more likely to use condoms (AOR=2.75, 95% CI=1.90-3.97, p<0.001). Conversely, higher trust in people and institutions was associated with lower odds of condom use (AOR=0.70, 95% CI=0.51-0.97, p=0.033).
Conclusion: The current findings underscore the crucial impact of social capital on condom use among adolescents and young adults. Strengthening social networks and empowering individuals can enhance condom use, though high levels of trust in others may pose challenges.
PARPis after PARPis in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: A single institutional experience
Authors: Yuan Hua , Wang Tonghui , Yao Hongwen , Wu Lingying , Li Ning
Published: October 2024

Objective
Negligible evidence exists for PARPis maintenance treatment rechallenge in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in China.
Methods
We included patients diagnosed with primary EOC who received 2 lines of PARPis maintenance treatment after achieving complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) with the previous chemotherapies. The patients’ full medical records were included in this study. Clinical and pathologic variables, treatment modalities, and outcomes were assessed. We investigated the treatment patterns and time to next treatment (TTNT).
Results
A total of 31 ovarian cancer patients in our center were included. Among these patients, 20 of them (64.5%) had BRCA1/2 gene mutations. The median duration of PARPi1 and PARPi2 in the entire cohort was 11.2 months (range: 2.0-30.4 months) and 4.8 months (range: 1.0-16.7 months), respectively.
Median TTNT1 and TTNT2 for the entire cohort was 12.4 and 7.7 months, respectively. Patients with BRCA1/2 mutation had a significantly better TTNT1 (median TTNT1: 17.3 vs 10.4 months, P=0.005) than those without. A non- significantly better TTNT2 was observed in patients with BRCA1/2 mutation than those without (median TTNT2: 8.2 vs 5.0 months, P=0.890). The association between previous chemotherapy response and TTNT was also analyzed. Patients who had a CR to previous chemotherapy had a significantly better TTNT1 (median TTNT1: 16.4 vs 7.6 months, P=0.001) and TTNT2 (median TTNT2: 11.1 vs 4.9 months, P=0.003) than those who had a PR.
No grade Ⅲ-IV anemia occurred. Grade III PARPis-related thrombocytopenia was found in only 1 patient (3.2%, 1/31) who received PARPi2 treatment. For patients who developed PARPis-related anemia (n=9) or thrombocytopenia (n=7) during PARPi1 treatment, 7 patients (77.8%, 7/9) and 6 patients (85.7%, 6/7) developed anemia or thrombocytopenia again during PARPi2 treatment, respectively.
Conclusions
Patients with PARPis resistant recurrent EOC may derive benefit from PARPis re-treatment, especially for those with complete response to the last chemotherapy. Patients with BRCA1/2 mutation were more likely to benefit from PARPis retreatment than those with wild-type. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were more common in PARPis retreatment patients. A small proportion of patients had a longer benefit from PARPis retreatment than from previous PARPis treatment.
Proportional Correlation Between Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Gastric Cancer Recurrence Time
Authors: In Kyung Ryun , Kang Sun Hyung , Lee Hyun Seok , Eun Hyuk Soo , Moon Hee Seok , Lee Eaum Seok , Kim Seok Hyun , Sung Jae Kyu , Lee Byung Seok
Published: October 2024

Disease recurrence is the primary cause of death in patients with gastric cancer who have undergone complete surgical resection. No prognostic factors for recurrence, other than the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, have been established. However, even within the same TNM stage, recurrence rates differ. Therefore, we developed a new prognostic confidence measure for gastric cancer recurrence and demonstrated its practical utility. In this retrospective study, we enrolled patients diagnosed with stage II/III gastric cancer who underwent complete surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy at the Chungnam National University Hospital, South Korea over the past 12 years. The associations among seven variables, including the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and gastric cancer recurrence was analyzed. A total of 296 patients were enrolled. Although other factors did not exhibit significance, the SIRI showed a positive correlation with gastric cancer recurrence risk, confirmed through Cox regression testing (hazard ratio, 1.231; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.45). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between higher SIRI values and shorter recurrence time (p = 0.044; β = −0.225). Other than the SIRI, effective prognostic factors related to gastric cancer recurrence were not verified. SIRI shows potential as an independent prognostic factor.
Coronary Artery Calcium on Lung Cancer Radiation Planning CT Aids Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
Authors: Lui Matthew , Kim Noah , Zaghlol Raja , Joolharzadeh Pouya , Deych Elena , Robinson Clifford , Badiyan Shahed , Woodard Pamela K. , Mitchell Joshua D.
Published: October 2024

Background:
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing thoracic radiation are at high cardiovascular risk. Semiquantitative assessment of coronary artery calcification (CAC) on baseline planning non-gated chest computed tomography (CT) scans may help further risk stratify patients.
Objectives:
This study aimed to characterize the association between CAC and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction or stroke) and assess the utility of semiquantitative assessment of CAC.
Methods:
Patients with NSCLC with non-contrast planning chest CT scans were evaluated for CAC. Planning scans were visually graded using the CAC-DRS method, stratifying patients into no, mild, moderate, and severe CAC groups. Demographics, comorbidities, and radiation treatment characteristics were gathered, and CAC groups were assessed for the incidence of MACE after initiation of radiation therapy.
Results:
Out of 137 patients, 39 patients had no CAC, and 98 patients had any CAC (38 with mild CAC, 34 with moderate CAC, and 26 with severe CAC). There was 1 MACE event in the no CAC group and 11 in patients with any CAC. The presence of CAC was associated with increased MACE compared to no CAC (p = 0.034). Semiquantitative CAC analysis correlated with formal CAC scoring.
Conclusion:
There is a significantly lower incidence of MACE in patients with no CAC on planning CT compared to patients with higher burdens of CAC. CAC burden is an important risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events in patients with NSCLC undergoing thoracic radiation. Semiquantitative CAC scoring may be a useful proxy when formal CAC scoring is unavailable.
Evaluation of Anesthesia-Related Videos in Patients With Obesity on The Youtube Platform İn Terms of Quality, Reliability And Usefulness: An Observational Study
Authors: EVRAN Turan , İlhan Seher
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess the quality, reliability, and usefulness of anesthesia-related YouTube videos for obese patients by analyzing their content and evaluating their usefulness based on the source of the video.
Method
This research analyzed the top 108 most-watched YouTube videos tagged with “bariatric anesthesia” and “anesthesia in obese patients.” We recorded data such as the upload year, number of views, days since upload, daily average views, length of videos, and the number of likes and comments. Videos were grouped into three categories: healthcare institutions, educational institutions, and personal websites. The accuracy and reliability of the videos were evaluated using standards set by the American Medical Association. The quality was assessed via a global quality scale, and usefulness was determined through a newly developed Obesity Anesthesia Benefit Index.
Fındıngs
The study revealed that 38.9% of the YouTube videos reviewed were posted by educational institutions, and 91.7% by doctors. The general usefulness of these videos was rated low. There was a notable correlation between the Obesity Anesthesia Benefit Index usefulness scores and both the video durations and the time since upload (p=0.000; p=0.037). Videos from educational institutions notably scored higher on the Global Quality Scale and according to the American Medical Association’s standards compared to other sources (p<0.000; p<0.000).
Results
Our evaluation using the Obesity Anesthesia Benefit Index revealed that the usefulness of the YouTube videos was lower than initially hypothesized.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath diameter in severe traumatic brain injury patients: a comparison with intraparenchymal pressure monitoring
Authors: Ferreira¹ Felipe M , Lino Breno T , Giannetti Alexandre V
Published: October 2024

Objective: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can worsen the clinical condition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. One non-invasive and bedside-performed technique to estimate ICP is ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). This study aimed to analyze ONSD and correlate it with ICP values obtained by intraparenchymal monitoring to establish the ONSD threshold value for elevated ICP and reference range of ONSD in severe TBI patients.
Methods: Forty severe TBI patients were included. Ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD was performed and compared with intraparenchymal ICP monitoring to assess their association and determine the ONSD threshold value. Exclusion criteria included individuals under eighteen years old, penetrating TBI, or direct ocular trauma.
Results: Fifty-three ONSD measurements were conducted in all patients. The mean ONSD value in the group with intracranial pressure < 20 mmHg was 5.4 mm ± 1.0, while in the group with intracranial pressure ≥ 20 mmHg, it was 6.4 mm ± 0.7 (p = 0.0026). A positive and statistically significant correlation, albeit weak (r = 0.33), was observed between ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD and intraparenchymal ICP monitoring. The statistical analysis of the ROC curve identified the best cut-off as 6.18 mm, with 77.8% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity.
Conclusion: Our results reveal a positive, albeit weak, correlation between ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD and intraparenchymal ICP monitoring, with an ONSD threshold value of 6.18 mm. Achieving only 77.8% sensitivity and considering the substantial variability between ONSD measurements (standard deviation at 1.0) might limit the reliability of ICP assessment based solely on ONSD measurements.
A novel electrochemiluminescent cytosensor using dual-target magnetic probe recognition and nanozymes-catalyzed cascade signal amplification for precise phenotypic enumeration of CTCs
Authors: Shen Congcong , Fan Simin , Li Xiaoqing , Guo Fanshu , Li Junru , Yang Minghui
Published: October 2024

The inability of surgical biopsy to monitor the dynamic evolution of cancer cells hampers its capacity to reflect real-time tumor heterogeneity. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as a crucial target in liquid biopsy, offer a novel approach for accurate monitoring of tumors. However, the rarity and complex phenotype resulting from epithelial mesenchymal transition pose challenges for conventional methods such as CellSearch and immunohistochemistry, which have insufficient ability for simultaneous phenotyping and enumeration of CTCs. The enumeration of a single phenotype CTCs is insufficient for accurately assessing disease progression. Herein, we propose a strategy to address this issue by fabricating an electrochemiluminescence cytosensor via the integration of dual-target enrichment and nanozymes-catalyzed cascade signal amplification. The graphene oxide@hollow mesoporous prussian blue/Pt (GO@HMPB/Pt) complex, possessing a large specific surface area and exceptional catalytic activity, is employed for loading a substantial amount of luminol as the signal probe. Dual-target magnetic PPy@Fe3O4/Au-antibody/aptamer is utilized for the magnetic capture of both epithelial and interstitial CTCs. Glutathione (GSH) can disrupt Au-S bond on aptamer by a thiol exchange reaction and selectively release a specific subset of phenotypic CTCs, thereby facilitating the efficient capture, accurate classification, and ultrasensitive detection of CTCs in peripheral blood. Using the epithelial MCF-7 and mesenchymal Hela cells as models, the ECL cytosensor demonstrates excellent performance in identifying cells spiked into whole blood. This study presents a novel approach for early detection of metastasis, tracking tumor recurrence, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy.
Molecular architecture of the altered cortical complexity in autism
Authors: Mamat Makliya , Chen Yiyong , Shen Wenwen , Li Lin
Published: October 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication challenges, and repetitive behaviors. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying these neurodevelopmental abnormalities remain elusive. We integrated microscale brain gene expression data with macroscale MRI data from 1829 participants, including individuals with ASD and healthy controls, from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) I and II. Using fractal dimension (FD) as an index for quantifying cortical complexity, we identified significant regional alterations in ASD, within the left temporoparietal, left peripheral visual, right central visual, left somatomotor (including the insula), and left ventral attention networks. Partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis revealed gene sets associated with these cortical complexity changes, enriched for biological functions related to synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chromatin organization. Cell-specific analyses, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and gene temporal expression profiling further elucidated the dynamic molecular landscape associated with these alterations. These findings indicate that ASD-related alterations in cortical complexity are closely linked to specific genetic pathways. The combined analysis of neuroimaging and transcriptomic data enhances our understanding of how genetic factors contribute to brain structural changes in ASD.
Hydrothermal Activity around the Mienhua submarine volcano in the northern margin of the Southern Okinawa Trough
Authors: Tsai Ching-Hui , Hsu Shu-Kun , Lin Hsiao-Shan , Chen Song-Chuen , Chen Liwen , Liang Chin-Wei , Hsu Ching , Lin Lien-Kai , Cho Yen-Yu
Published: October 2024

Hydrothermal vents can be detected using echo sounders. Here, we employed a deep-tow side-scan sonar and sub-bottom profiler to analyze the seabed features associated with hydrothermal activity near the Mienhua submarine volcano (MHV). The MHV is located in the northern margin of the southern Okinawa Trough back-arc basin. Our deep-tow sub-bottom profiler data show an upward hydrothermal fluid activity in the seabed, confirming the active hydrothermal circulation around the MHV. Widespread acoustic transparent zones are found in the upper strata, ascribed to the intrusion of hydrothermal fluid into high porosity sediment layers. In the area where acoustic transparent zones exist, the strata tilt towards the summit of the MHV. The strata influenced by the intrusion of hydrothermal fluids may create minor normal faults or fractures. These faults provide new hydrothermal fluid pathways to spread outwards. The weakened upper strata due to the hydrothermal fluids may finally collapse because of the gravity instability. The hydrothermal activity in the western portion of the MHV is no longer active. In contrast, the hydrothermal activity in the eastern portion of the MHV is rigorous and is associated with the widespread hydrothermal vents, gas flares and chimneys. The area of potential hydrothermal mineralization near the seabed of the MHV is estimated to be ~30 km².
Video Head Impulse and Suppression Head Impulse Tests in Chronic Otitis Media Patients
Authors: Mustafa Nebi , YILDIRIM ALI , Duman Ece Damla
Published: October 2024

Background: Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is a common ear infection that can lead to significant hearing loss and balance disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the results of the Video Head Impulse Test (VHIT) and the Suppression Head Impulse Test (SHIMP) in COM patients and to investigate the correlation between these test results and balance disorders.
Methods: The study included a comparison of air conduction values at 250 Hz, 500
Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 6000 Hz, and 8000 Hz in both the right and left ears of COM patients and a control group. Statistical significance was assessed for differences in VHIT and SHIMP test results, focusing on lateral canal gains and saccades.
Results: As expected, the air conduction values at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 6000 Hz, and 8000 Hz in both the right and left ears of the patient group were statistically significantly higher than those in the control group (p=0.001 for all frequencies) (Verhoeff et al., 2006). No significant gain loss was observed in the lateral canal for either the COM patients or the control group. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the VHIT gain values between the groups (p>0.05). The mean left lateral gain measurement was 0.86±0.06, and the mean right lateral gain measurement was 0.89±0.06 (Sandhu et al., 2018). In the SHIMP test, the left and right lateral gain measurements in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p=0.001 for the left, p=0.007 for the right) (Monsanto et al., 2020). No overt or covert saccades were observed in the VHIT test, while the SHIMP test showed that the amplitude of overt saccades in the left and right lateral directions of the control group was significantly higher than those in the patient group (p=0.001 for the left, p=0.004 for the right) (Mostafa et al., 2013).
Conclusions: study's findings indicate no significant difference in the average lateral canal gains between the COM patients and the control group. Although no statistically significant difference was found in the lateral canal mean gains when comparing the patients to the control group, it is suggested that these canals may still be affected in chronic otitis media patients (Ho et al., 2012).
The Interplay of Food Systems, Markets, and Stunting in Mining Communities: A Critical Review of Nutrition Interventions for Optimal Impact
Authors: Nyirenda Herbert Tato , Mulenga David , Nyambe-Silavwe Hildah
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Malnutrition remains a persistent global and public health challenge, with limited evidence available on the synthesis of empirical findings and feasibility of nutrition interventions across various settings, particularly in vulnerable mining communities. This paper that’s seeks to use empirical data, corresponding it with existing interventions to provide a benchmark for selecting effective nutrition strategies, thereby optimizing their impact.
Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design and review of nutrition interventions. The target population included under-five children and their caregivers. The study had a sample size of 690 and used multistage random sampling technique to select participants. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, direct child measurements, and interviews. Anthropometric data used WHO standards to assess underweight. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests while evaluating context-specific nutrition interventions for their effectiveness and feasibility.
Results
The study findings reveal a statistical significant association between owning a vegetable garden (P = 0.002), access to a market/farmers market (p < 0.001), access to income to buy food (P = 0.034), availability of food products (p < 0.001), access to main grocery store (p < 0.001), training in agriculture (p < 0.001), feeding strategies (p < 0.001) and under-five stunting. Based on the empirical data and critical review of nutrition interventions, the following strategies are recommended: Community Nutrition Education Programs, Nutrition-Sensitive Social Protection Programs, Nutrition-Focused Community Health Workers (CHWs), Digital Health and Nutrition Platforms and Local Food System Development. Integrating these interventions with the study's findings will enhance their effectiveness and maximize impact.
Conclusion
The findings display the complex interplay of factors affecting child stunting and health. Findings emphasize the importance of considering diverse contextual factors, intervention intensity, and the integration of food system transformation to optimize the impact of nutrition interventions.
Relative Positioning Algorithm for Drone Swarms under GPS-denied Conditions
Authors: Wang Yazhe , Cheng Qing
Published: October 2024

Drone swarms hold great potential for various applications. To enable the operation of drone swarms, the primary challenge is to resolve the relative positioning of drones within the swarm. A reliable method for relative position sensing is essential for maintaining formation. Currently, the mainstream approach to swarm position sensing involves GPS and communication-based position sharing techniques. However, GPS is susceptible to interference and has poor accuracy in certain environments. To address this issue, this paper proposes an autonomous relative positioning method for drone swarms based on monocular vision. This method achieves the computation of the three-dimensional position in the target camera coordinate system by combining target orientation information and distance information.Target orientation information is obtained through a target detection algorithm combined with monocular camera principles. To address the issue of insufficient real-time performance of the YOLOv5 algorithm, advanced lightweight architectures and attention mechanisms are integrated, ensuring fast detection speed while maintaining accuracy. The introduction of DeepSORT enables continuous confirmation of target orientation. Target distance information is derived using target detection in conjunction with monocular ranging principles. Experimental results indicate that, in dynamic validation experiments, the algorithm achieves average errors of 5.2%, 4.7%, and 3.8% in the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively, demonstrating high positioning accuracy.
Development necessitates homeodomain factors
Authors: Chow Paco C.K. , Bentley Peter J
Published: October 2024

Homeodomain factors are known to play important roles throughout biological development, yet it remains unknown whether the requirements of development necessitate homeodomain factors. Here, we find for the first time that homeodomain factors will functionally emerge in an alternative medium of development. Through comprehensively analysing a Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) model of morphogenesis, we find multiple properties of the hidden units that are functionally analogous to homeodomain factors in biological development. Firstly, the hidden units of our model display activity patterns similar to homeodomain factors during development. Secondly, we test the generalisation abilities of our model through transfer learning of other morphologies and find that developmental strategies learnt by the model are reused to grow new body forms, in the same way evolution reuses developmental processes to grow organisms of different morphologies. Our paper therefore shows that the principles of a homeodomain may be fundamental to development, regardless of the details of how development is being implemented.