bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power-injectable totally implantable venous access devices –	analysis of success and complication rates of ultrasound-guided implantation and	a patient satisfaction survey
Authors: Kunz-Virk Julia , Krüger Karsten
Published: May 2019

Summary. Background: To retrospectively evaluate the success rates, peri-interventional, early and late complications and patient satisfaction associated with power-injectable totally implantable venous access devices (TIVAPs). Patients and methods: Between April 2011 and March 2016, a total of 1,203 TIVAPs were implanted in 1,169 patients. Ultrasound-guided, fluoroscopically controlled implantation was performed through the subclavian or internal jugular vein. The systematic analysis focused on the rate of successful port implantations, the frequency of peri-interventional, early and late complications and on how the experience of the implanting radiologist impacts these parameters. Additionally, a standardized questionnaire was administered to the 102 study patients in a telephone interview to survey their subjective rating of the port implantation. Results: 99.5 % of TIVAPs were implanted successfully. In 4 out of 6 patients, the implantation was repeated successfully at a later time. Complication rates were 1.4 % (0.0512/1.000 catheter days) for peri-interventional, 2.9 % (0.081 per 1,000 catheter days) for early and 8.3 % (0.2288 per 1,000 catheter days) for late complications. The radiologist’s experience level and vein selection did not have a significant impact. Most peri-interventional complications (82.4 %) were of minor severity. The early (61.5 %) and late (65.6 %) complications were more frequently of major severity. Interventions to manage complications comprised port explanation in 46.9 %, conservative therapy in 17.4 % and interventional therapy in 12.2 %. At 1 and 3 months after port placement, the majority were satisfied or very satisfied with the interventional port implantation. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided, fluoroscopically controlled implantation of TIVAPs is a safe procedure with low complication rates, high success rates and high patient satisfaction.
New Study Shifts Paradigm of Coastal Sediment Modeling
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: May 2019

A new model improves predictions for sediment movement in vegetated shoreline zones and reveals a universal predictor that could change the understanding of coastal landscape evolution.
Shift in the Temporal Trend of Boundary Layer Height in China Using Long‐Term (1979–2016) Radiosonde Data
Authors: Guo Jianping , Li Yuan , Cohen Jason Blake , Li Jian , Chen Dandan , Xu Hui , Liu Lin , Yin Jinfang , Hu Kaixi , Zhai Panmao
Published: May 2019

The knowledge regarding how the boundary layer height (BLH) changes over time is still poor. Here we analyze the spatial and temporal changes in radiosonde‐derived measurements of BLH over China from 1979 to 2016. A qualitatively robust and abrupt change of BLH occurred in 2004. Over the former period (from 1979 to 2003) a spatially uniform increase was found in the BLH, while over the latter period BLH decreased in a spatially nonuniform way. Second, the meteorological influence on the rising BLH was determined to have a negative association with soil moisture, lower tropospheric stability and relative humidity, and a positive association with the near‐surface temperature. Yet, there was a different influence of meteorology on the BLH over the latter period, where a negative association was revealed with Tsfc and relative humidity. These findings shed new light on the long‐term changes in air pollution across China.
The Source Regions of Whistlers
Authors: Koronczay Dávid , Lichtenberger János , Clilverd Mark A. , Rodger Craig J. , Lotz Stefan I. , Sannikov Dmitry V. , Cherneva Nina V. , Raita Tero , Darrouzet Fabien , Ranvier Sylvain , Moore Robert C.
Published: May 2019

We present a new method for identifying the source regions of lightning‐generated whistlers observed at a fixed location. In addition to the spatial distribution of causative lightning discharges, we calculate the ratio of lightning discharges transmitted into ground detectable whistlers as a function of location. Our method relies on the time of the whistlers and the time and source location of spherics from a global lightning database. We apply this method to whistlers recorded at 15 ground‐based stations in the Automatic Whistler Detector and Analyzer Network operating between 2007 and 2018 and to located lightning strokes from the World Wide Lightning Location Network database. We present the obtained maps of causative lightning and transmission rates. Our results show that the source region of whistlers corresponding to each ground station is around the magnetic conjugate point of the respective station. The size of the source region is typically less than 2,000 km in radius with a small fraction of sources extending to up to 3,500 km. The transmission ratio is maximal at the conjugate point and decreases with increasing distance from it. This conforms to the theory that whistlers detected on the ground propagated in a ducted mode through the plasmasphere, and thus, the lightning strokes of their causative spherics must cluster around the footprint of the ducts in the other hemisphere. Our method applied resolves the whistler excitation region mystery that resulted from correlation‐based analysis methods, concerning the source region of whistlers detected in Dunedin, New Zealand.
Laboratory Flume Experiments on the Formation of Spanwise Large Wood Accumulations: Part II—Effect on local scour
Authors: Schalko I. , Lageder C. , Schmocker L. , Weitbrecht V. , Boes R. M.
Published: May 2019

In this second companion paper, hydraulic model tests were conducted to analyze local scour due to natural spanwise large wood (LW) accumulations. Spanwise accumulations were modeled using a vertical barrier, similar to a LW retention rack in prototype. The flume experiments were conducted according to Froude similitude in a scale of 1:30 for various approach flow conditions (subcritical and supercritical flow) and different uniform bed material (2.7–13.1‐mm model dimensions). The findings allow the estimation of local scour depth due to spanwise LW accumulations as a function of unit discharge, sediment diameter, and wood volume. Higher unit discharge, finer bed material, and increasing wood volume lead to an increased scour depth. The scour length can be estimated based on the scour depth and a geometrical scaling factor. The longitudinal shape of the cross‐sectional scour depth can be described with a Gaussian normal distribution. Based on the results of both scour depth and length, the design of LW retention structures can be significantly improved. At the same time, the results demonstrate that LW accumulations strongly affect the geomorphic conditions and may consequently create more heterogeneous morphological structures.
Candidalysin activates innate epithelial immune responses via epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Ho Jemima , Yang Xuexin , Nikou Spyridoula-Angeliki , Kichik Nessim , Donkin Andrew , Ponde Nicole O. , Richardson Jonathan P. , Gratacap Remi L. , Archambault Linda S. , Zwirner Christian P. , Murciano Celia , Henley-Smith Rhonda , Thavaraj Selvam , Tynan Christopher J. , Gaffen Sarah L. , Hube Bernhard , Wheeler Robert T. , Moyes David L. , Naglik Julian R.
Published: May 2019

Candida albicans is a fungal pathobiont, able to cause epithelial cell damage and immune activation. These functions have been attributed to its secreted toxin, candidalysin, though the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a critical component of candidalysin-triggered immune responses. We find that both C. albicans and candidalysin activate human epithelial EGFR receptors and candidalysin-deficient fungal mutants poorly induce EGFR phosphorylation during murine oropharyngeal candidiasis. Furthermore, inhibition of EGFR impairs candidalysin-triggered MAPK signalling and release of neutrophil activating chemokines in vitro, and diminishes neutrophil recruitment, causing significant mortality in an EGFR-inhibited zebrafish swimbladder model of infection. Investigation into the mechanism of EGFR activation revealed the requirement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), EGFR ligands and calcium. We thus identify a PAMP-independent mechanism of immune stimulation and highlight candidalysin and EGFR signalling components as potential targets for prophylactic and therapeutic intervention of mucosal candidiasis.
A redox-neutral synthesis of ketones by coupling of alkenes and amides
Authors: Li Jing , Oost Rik , Maryasin Boris , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno
Published: May 2019

The direct synthesis of ketones via carbon–carbon bond formation represents one of the most important challenges in organic synthesis. Hydroacylation of alkenes offers perhaps the most efficient and atom-economical approach for the preparation of ketones employing carbonyl compounds and alkenes as feedstocks. State-of-the-art hydroacylation is typically achieved by a transition metal-catalysed coupling of an aldehyde and an alkene but is plagued by competing decarbonylation, requiring the installation of directing groups in the aldehyde reactant. Herein, we present a method for the hydroacylation of alkenes employing amides in a metal-free regime, proceeding by a new mechanism and offering orthogonal reactivity to the conventional, metal-catalysed alternatives.
Gate tunable giant anisotropic resistance in ultra-thin GaTe
Authors: Wang Hanwen , Chen Mao-Lin , Zhu Mengjian , Wang Yaning , Dong Baojuan , Sun Xingdan , Zhang Xiaorong , Cao Shimin , Li Xiaoxi , Huang Jianqi , Zhang Lei , Liu Weilai , Sun Dongming , Ye Yu , Song Kepeng , Wang Jianjian , Han Yu , Yang Teng , Guo Huaihong , Qin Chengbing , Xiao Liantuan , Zhang Jing , Chen Jianhao , Han Zheng , Zhang Zhidong
Published: May 2019

Anisotropy in crystals arises from different lattice periodicity along different crystallographic directions, and is usually more pronounced in two dimensional (2D) materials. Indeed, in the emerging 2D materials, electrical anisotropy has been one of the recent research focuses. However, key understandings of the in-plane anisotropic resistance in low-symmetry 2D materials, as well as demonstrations of model devices taking advantage of it, have proven difficult. Here, we show that, in few-layered semiconducting GaTe, electrical conductivity anisotropy between x and y directions of the 2D crystal can be gate tuned from several fold to over 103. This effect is further demonstrated to yield an anisotropic non-volatile memory behavior in ultra-thin GaTe, when equipped with an architecture of van der Waals floating gate. Our findings of gate-tunable giant anisotropic resistance effect pave the way for potential applications in nanoelectronics such as multifunctional directional memories in the 2D limit.
Triboelectric micromotors actuated by ultralow frequency mechanical stimuli
Authors: Yang Hang , Pang Yaokun , Bu Tianzhao , Liu Wenbo , Luo Jianjun , Jiang Dongdong , Zhang Chi , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2019

A high-speed micromotor is usually actuated by a power source with high voltage and frequency. Here we report a triboelectric micromotor by coupling a micromotor and a triboelectric nanogenerator, in which the micromotor can be actuated by ultralow-frequency mechanical stimuli. The performances of the triboelectric micromotor are exhibited at various structural parameters of the micromotor, as well as at different mechanical stimuli of the triboelectric nanogenerator. With a sliding range of 50 mm at 0.1 Hz, the micromotor can start to rotate and reach over 1000 r min−1 at 0.8 Hz. The maximum operation efficiency of the triboelectric micromotor can reach 41%. Additionally, the micromotor is demonstrated in two scanning systems for information recognition. This work has realized a high-speed micromotor actuated by ultralow frequency mechanical stimuli without an external power supply, which has extended the application of triboelectric nanogenerator in micro/nano electromechanical systems, intelligent robots and autonomous driving.
Selective binding of the PHD6 finger of MLL4 to histone H4K16ac links MLL4 and MOF
Authors: Zhang Yi , Jang Younghoon , Lee Ji-Eun , Ahn JaeWoo , Xu Longxia , Holden Michael R. , Cornett Evan M. , Krajewski Krzysztof , Klein Brianna J. , Wang Shu-Ping , Dou Yali , Roeder Robert G. , Strahl Brian D. , Rothbart Scott B. , Shi Xiaobing , Ge Kai , Kutateladze Tatiana G.
Published: May 2019

Histone methyltransferase MLL4 is centrally involved in transcriptional regulation and is often mutated in human diseases, including cancer and developmental disorders. MLL4 contains a catalytic SET domain that mono-methylates histone H3K4 and seven PHD fingers of unclear function. Here, we identify the PHD6 finger of MLL4 (MLL4-PHD6) as a selective reader of the epigenetic modification H4K16ac. The solution NMR structure of MLL4-PHD6 in complex with a H4K16ac peptide along with binding and mutational analyses reveal unique mechanistic features underlying recognition of H4K16ac. Genomic studies show that one third of MLL4 chromatin binding sites overlap with H4K16ac-enriched regions in vivo and that MLL4 occupancy in a set of genomic targets depends on the acetyltransferase activity of MOF, a H4K16ac-specific acetyltransferase. The recognition of H4K16ac is conserved in the PHD7 finger of paralogous MLL3. Together, our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized acetyllysine reader and suggest that selective targeting of H4K16ac by MLL4 provides a direct functional link between MLL4, MOF and H4K16 acetylation.
Simulation of visual acuity by personalizable neuro-physiological model of the human eye
Authors: Fülep Csilla , Kovács Illés , Kránitz Kinga , Erdei Gábor
Published: May 2019

We present a model of the whole visual train to estimate an individual’s visual acuity based on their eye’s physical properties. Our simulation takes into account the optics of the eye, neural transmission and noise, as well as the recognition process. Personalized input data are represented by the ocular wavefront aberration and pupil diameter, both either coming from in vivo measurements of a subject or being produced by optical design software using a schematic eye. This flexibility opens the door to a broad range of potential applications, such as objective visual acuity measurements and intraocular lens design. Our algorithm contains only two adjustable neural parameters: additive noise σ, and discrimination range δρ, with their values being experimentally calibrated by fitting the results of simulations to the outcome of real acuity tests performed on healthy young subjects with normal vision (visual acuity: 0…−0.3 logMAR range). It was established that by using fixed values of σ = 0.10 and δρ = 0.0025 for each person examined, the residual of the acuity simulations averaged over the calibration group reached its minimum at 0.045 logMAR.
Different pattern of CSF glial markers between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Morenas-Rodríguez Estrella , Alcolea Daniel , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Muñoz-Llahuna Laia , Vilaplana Eduard , Sala Isabel , Subirana Andrea , Querol-Vilaseca Marta , Carmona-Iragui María , Illán-Gala Ignacio , Ribosa-Nogué Roser , Blesa Rafael , Haass Christian , Fortea Juan , Lleó Alberto
Published: May 2019

The role of innate immunity in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been little studied. We investigated the levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of glial proteins YKL-40, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) and progranulin in DLB and their relationship with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers. We included patients with DLB (n = 37), prodromal DLB (prodDLB, n = 23), AD dementia (n = 50), prodromal AD (prodAD, n = 53), and cognitively normal subjects (CN, n = 44). We measured levels of YKL-40, sTREM2, progranulin, Aβ1–42, total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in CSF. We stratified the group DLB according to the ratio t-tau/Aβ1–42 (≥0.52, indicative of AD pathology) and the A/T classification. YKL-40, sTREM2 and progranulin levels did not differ between DLB groups and CN. YKL-40 levels were higher in AD and prodAD compared to CN and to DLB and prodDLB. Patients with DLB with a CSF profile suggestive of AD copathology had higher levels of YKL-40, but not sTREM2 or PGRN, than those without. T+ DLB patients had also higher YKL-40 levels than T−. Of these glial markers, only YKL-40 correlated with t-tau and p-tau in DLB and in prodDLB. In contrast, in prodAD, sTREM2 and PGRN also correlated with t-tau and p-tau. In conclusion, sTREM2 and PGRN are not increased in the CSF of DLB patients. YKL-40 is only increased in DLB patients with an AD biomarker profile, suggesting that the increase is driven by AD-related neurodegeneration. These data suggest a differential glial activation between DLB and AD.
A core genome approach that enables prospective and dynamic monitoring of infectious outbreaks
Authors: Aggelen Helen van , Kolde Raivo , Chamarthi Hareesh , Loving Joshua , Fan Yu , Fallon John T. , Huang Weihua , Wang Guiqing , Fortunato-Habib Mary M. , Carmona Juan J. , Gross Brian D.
Published: May 2019

Whole-genome sequencing is increasingly adopted in clinical settings to identify pathogen transmissions, though largely as a retrospective tool. Prospective monitoring, in which samples are continuously added and compared to previous samples, can generate more actionable information. To enable prospective pathogen comparison, genomic relatedness metrics based on single-nucleotide differences must be consistent across time, efficient to compute and reliable for a large variety of samples. The choice of genomic regions to compare, i.e., the core genome, is critical to obtain a good metric. We propose a novel core genome method that selects conserved sequences in the reference genome by comparing its k-mer content to that of publicly available genome assemblies. The conserved-sequence genome is sample set-independent, which enables prospective pathogen monitoring. Based on clinical data sets of 3436 S. aureus, 1362 K. pneumoniae and 348 E. faecium samples, ROC curves demonstrate that the conserved-sequence genome disambiguates same-patient samples better than a core genome consisting of conserved genes. The conserved-sequence genome confirms outbreak samples with high sensitivity: in a set of 2335 S. aureus samples, it correctly identifies 44 out of 44 known outbreak samples, whereas the conserved-gene method confirms 38 known outbreak samples.
Rational design of a hypoallergenic Phl p 7 variant for immunotherapy of polcalcin-sensitized patients
Authors: Raith Marianne , Zach Doris , Sonnleitner Linda , Woroszylo Konrad , Focke-Tejkl Margarete , Wank Herbert , Graf Thorsten , Kuehn Annette , Pascal Mariona , Muñoz-Cano Rosa Maria , Wortmann Judith , Aschauer Philipp , Keller Walter , Braeuer Simone , Goessler Walter , Swoboda Ines
Published: May 2019

Polcalcins are important respiratory panallergens, whose IgE-binding capacity depends on the presence of calcium. Since specific immunotherapy is not yet available for the treatment of polcalcin-sensitized patients, we aimed to develop a molecule for efficient and safe immunotherapy. We generated a hypoallergenic variant of the grass pollen polcalcin Phl p 7 by introducing specific point mutations into the allergen’s calcium-binding regions. We thereby followed a mutation strategy that had previously resulted in a hypoallergenic mutant of a calcium-binding food allergen, the major fish allergen parvalbumin. Dot blot assays performed with sera from Phl p 7-sensitized patients showed a drastically reduced IgE reactivity of the Phl p 7 mutant in comparison to wildtype Phl p 7, and basophil activation assays indicated a significantly reduced allergenic activity. Rabbit IgG directed against mutant rPhl p 7 blocked patients’ IgE binding to wildtype Phl p 7, indicating the mutant’s potential applicability for immunotherapy. Mass spectrometry and circular dichroism experiments showed that the mutant had lost the calcium-binding capacity, but still represented a folded protein. In silico analyses revealed that the hypoallergenicity might be due to fewer negative charges on the molecule’s surface and an increased molecular flexibility. We thus generated a hypoallergenic Phl p 7 variant that could be used for immunotherapy of polcalcin-sensitized individuals.
Comparative analysis of silencing expression of myostatin (MSTN) and its two receptors (ACVR2A and ACVR2B) genes affecting growth traits in knock down chicken
Authors: Bhattacharya T. K. , Shukla Renu , Chatterjee R. N. , Bhanja S. K.
Published: May 2019

Myostatin (MSTN), a growth differentiation factor-8 regulates muscular development through its receptors, ACVR2A (Activin receptor type IIA) and ACVR2B (Activin receptor type IIB) by inhibiting cellular differentiation of developing somites during embryonic stage and diminishing myofibriller growth during post-embryonic period. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of knockdown of expression of myostatin, ACVR2A and ACVR2B genes on growth traits in chicken. The shRNAs for Myostatin, ACVR2A and ACVR2B genes were designed, synthesized and cloned in DEST vector. The recombinant molecules were transfected into the spermatozoa and transfected spermatozoa were inseminated artificially to the hens to obtain fertile eggs. The fertile eggs were collected, incubated in the incubator and hatched to chicks. Silencing of ACVR2B gene showed significantly higher body weight than other single, double and triple knock down of genes in transgenic birds. The carcass traits such as dressing%, leg muscle%, and breast muscle% were found with the highest magnitudes in birds with silencing of the ACVR2B gene as compared to the birds with that of other genes and control group. The lowest serum cholesterol and HDL content was found in ACVR2B silencing birds. The total RBC count was the highest in this group though the differential counts did not differ significantly among various silencing and control groups of birds. It is concluded that silencing of only one receptor of MSTN particularly, ACVR2B may augment the highest growth in chicken during juvenile stage. Our findings may be used as model for improving growth in other food animals and repairing muscular degenerative disorders in human and other animals.
Nerve sprouting capacity in a pharmacologically induced mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Rimer Mendell , Seaberg Bonnie L. , Yen Pei-Fen , Lam Steven , Hastings Robert Louis , Lee Young il , Thompson Wesley J. , Feng Zhihua , Metzger Friedrich , Paushkin Sergey , Ko Chien-Ping
Published: May 2019

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the survival of motoneuron gene 1 (SMN1). SMA is characterized by motoneuron death, skeletal muscle denervation and atrophy. Disease severity inversely correlates with copy number of a second gene (SMN2), which harbors a splicing defect that causes the production of inadequate levels of functional SMN protein. Small molecules that modify SMN2 splicing towards increased production of functional SMN significantly ameliorate SMA phenotypes in mouse models of severe SMA. At suboptimal doses, splicing modifiers, such as SMN-C1, have served to generate mice that model milder SMA, referred to as pharmacological SMA mice, which survive into early adulthood. Nerve sprouting at endplates, known as terminal sprouting, is key to normal muscle fiber reinnervation following nerve injury and its promotion might mitigate neuromuscular symptoms in mild SMA. Sprouting has been difficult to study in severe SMA mice due to their short lifespan. Here, we show that pharmacological SMA mice are capable of terminal sprouting following reinnervation that is largely SMN-C1 dose-independent, but that they display a reinnervation delay that is critically SMN-C1 dose-dependent. Data also suggest that SMN-C1 can induce by itself a limited terminal sprouting response in SMA and wild-type normally-innervated endplates.
Identifying the origin of nitrous oxide dissolved in deep ocean by concentration and isotopocule analyses
Authors: Toyoda Sakae , Yoshida Osamu , Yamagishi Hiroaki , Fujii Ayako , Yoshida Naohiro , Watanabe Shuichi
Published: May 2019

Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes to global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. Although its major sources are regarded as bacterial or archaeal nitrification and denitrification in soil and water, the origins of ubiquitous marine N2O maximum at depths of 100–800 m and N2O dissolved in deeper seawater have not been identified. We examined N2O production processes in the middle and deep sea by analyzing vertical profiles of N2O concentration and isotopocule ratios, abundance ratios of molecules substituted with rare stable isotopes 15N or 18O to common molecules 14N14N16O, in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern oceans. Isotopocule ratios suggest that the N2O concentration maxima is generated by in situ microbial processes rather than lateral advection or diffusion from biologically active sea areas such as the eastern tropical North Pacific. Major production process is nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the North Pacific although other processes such as bacterial nitrification/denitrification and nitrifier-denitrification also significantly contribute in the equatorial Pacific, eastern South Pacific, Southern Ocean/southeastern Indian Ocean, and tropical South Atlantic. Concentrations of N2O below 2000 m show significant correlation with the water mass age, which supports an earlier report suggesting production of N2O during deep water circulation. Furthermore, the isotopocule ratios suggest that AOA produce N2O in deep waters. These facts indicate that AOA have a more important role in marine N2O production than bacteria and that change in global deep water circulation could affect concentration and isotopocule ratios of atmospheric N2O in a millennium time scale.
Past and Future Hurricane Intensity Change along the U.S. East Coast
Authors: Ting Mingfang , Kossin James P. , Camargo Suzana J. , Li Cuihua
Published: May 2019

The ocean and atmosphere in the North Atlantic are coupled through a feedback mechanism that excites a dipole pattern in vertical wind shear (VWS), a metric that strongly controls Atlantic hurricanes. In particular, when tropical VWS is under the weakening phase and thus favorable for increased hurricane activity in the Main Development Region (MDR), a protective barrier of high VWS inhibits hurricane intensification along the U.S. East Coast. Here we show that this pattern is driven mostly by natural decadal variability, but that greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing erodes the pattern and degrades the natural barrier along the U.S. coast. Twenty-first century climate model projections show that the increased VWS along the U.S. East Coast during decadal periods of enhanced hurricane activity is substantially reduced by GHG forcing, which allows hurricanes approaching the U.S. coast to intensify more rapidly. The erosion of this natural intensification barrier is especially large following the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (rcp8.5) emission scenario.
Honey bee predisposition of resistance to ubiquitous mite infestations
Authors: Broeckx Bart J. G. , De Smet Lina , Blacquière Tjeerd , Maebe Kevin , Khalenkow Mikalaï , Van Poucke Mario , Dahle Bjorn , Neumann Peter , Bach Nguyen Kim , Smagghe Guy , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Peelman Luc , de Graaf Dirk C.
Published: May 2019

Host-parasite co-evolution history is lacking when parasites switch to novel hosts. This was the case for Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) when the ectoparasitic mite,Varroa destructor, switched hosts from Eastern honey bees (Apis cerana). This mite has since become the most severe biological threat toA. melliferaworldwide. However, someA. melliferapopulations are known to survive infestations, largely by suppressing mite population growth. One known mechanism is suppressed mite reproduction (SMR), but the underlying genetics are poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of haploid drones, originating from one queen from the Netherlands that developedVarroa-resistance, whole exome sequencing and elastic-net regression to identify genetic variants associated with SMR in resistant honeybees. An eight variants model predicted 88% of the phenotypes correctly and identified six risk and two protective variants. Reproducing and non-reproducing mites could not be distinguished using DNA microsatellites, which is in agreement with the hypothesis that it is not the parasite but the host that adapted itself. Our results suggest that the brood pheromone-dependent mite oogenesis is disrupted in resistant hosts. The identified genetic markers have a considerable potential to contribute to a sustainable global apiculture.
Y-chromosomal connection between Hungarians and geographically distant populations of the Ural Mountain region and West Siberia
Authors: Post Helen , Németh Endre , Klima László , Flores Rodrigo , Fehér Tibor , Türk Attila , Székely Gábor , Sahakyan Hovhannes , Mondal Mayukh , Montinaro Francesco , Karmin Monika , Saag Lauri , Yunusbayev Bayazit , Khusnutdinova Elza K. , Metspalu Ene , Villems Richard , Tambets Kristiina , Rootsi Siiri
Published: May 2019

Hungarians who live in Central Europe today are one of the westernmost Uralic speakers. Despite of the proposed Volga-Ural/West Siberian roots of the Hungarian language, the present-day Hungarian gene pool is highly similar to that of the surrounding Indo-European speaking populations. However, a limited portion of specific Y-chromosomal lineages from haplogroup N, sometimes associated with the spread of Uralic languages, link modern Hungarians with populations living close to the Ural Mountain range on the border of Europe and Asia. Here we investigate the paternal genetic connection between these spatially separated populations. We reconstruct the phylogeny of N3a4-Z1936 clade by using 33 high-coverage Y-chromosomal sequences and estimate the coalescent times of its sub-clades. We genotype close to 5000 samples from 46 Eurasian populations to show the presence of N3a4-B539 lineages among Hungarians and in the populations from Ural Mountain region, including Ob-Ugric-speakers from West Siberia who are geographically distant but linguistically closest to Hungarians. This sub-clade splits from its sister-branch N3a4-B535, frequent today among Northeast European Uralic speakers, 4000–5000 ya, which is in the time-frame of the proposed divergence of Ugric languages.
Method for diagnosing neoplastic lesions by quantitative fluorescence value
Authors: Kosugi Ayaka , Kasahara Masataka , Yang Longqiang , Nakamura-Takahashi Aki , Shibahara Takahiko , Mori Taisuke
Published: May 2019

Fluorescence visualization devices (FVs) are useful for detecting malignant lesions because of their simple and noninvasive application. However, their quantitative application has been challenging. This study aimed to quantitatively and statistically evaluate the change in fluorescence intensity (FI) during the progression from normal epithelium to squamous cell carcinoma using a reproducible animal tongue carcinogenesis model. To establish this model, rats were treated with 50 ppm 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) in their drinking water for 10, 15, and 20 weeks. After 4NQO administration, each rat tongue was evaluated by gross observation, histology, and FI measurements. Fluorescence images were captured by FV, and ImageJ was used to measure FI, which was analyzed quantitatively and statistically. The establishment of a reproducible tumor progression model was confirmed, showing precancerous lesions (low-grade dysplasia [LGD]), early cancers (high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ [HGD/CIS]), and advanced cancers (Cancer). This carcinogenesis model was quantitatively evaluated by FI. The FI of LGD stage was 54.6, which was highest intensity of all groups. Subsequently, the HGD/CIS and Cancer stages showed decreased FI (HGD/CIS: 46.1, Cancer: 49.1) and manifested as dark spots. This result indicates that FI had more variation and a wider range with increasing tumor progression. We demonstrated that FI migration and an uneven distribution are consistent with tumor progression. Since each step of tumor progression occurs reproducibly in this animal model, statistical evaluation was possible. In addition, tumor progression can be monitored by this new FI analysis method in humans.
Systems Pharmacogenomic Landscape of Drug Similarities from LINCS data: Drug Association Networks
Authors: Musa Aliyu , Tripathi Shailesh , Dehmer Matthias , Yli-Harja Olli , Kauffman Stuart A. , Emmert-Streib Frank
Published: May 2019

Modern research in the biomedical sciences is data-driven utilizing high-throughput technologies to generate big genomic data. The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) is an example for a large-scale genomic data repository providing hundred thousands of high-dimensional gene expression measurements for thousands of drugs and dozens of cell lines. However, the remaining challenge is how to use these data effectively for pharmacogenomics. In this paper, we use LINCS data to construct drug association networks (DANs) representing the relationships between drugs. By using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification of drugs we demonstrate that the DANs represent a systems pharmacogenomic landscape of drugs summarizing the entire LINCS repository on a genomic scale meaningfully. Here we identify the modules of the DANs as therapeutic attractors of the ATC drug classes.
Prospects for strongly coupled atom-photon quantum nodes
Authors: Cooper N. , Da Ros E. , Briddon C. , Naniyil V. , Greenaway M. T. , Hackermueller L.
Published: May 2019

We discuss the trapping of cold atoms within microscopic voids drilled perpendicularly through the axis of an optical waveguide. The dimensions of the voids considered are between 1 and 40 optical wavelengths. By simulating light transmission across the voids, we find that appropriate shaping of the voids can substantially reduce the associated loss of optical power. Our results demonstrate that the formation of an optical cavity around such a void could produce strong coupling between the atoms and the guided light. By bringing multiple atoms into a single void and exploiting collective enhancement, cooperativities ~400 or more should be achievable. The simulations are carried out using a finite difference time domain method. Methods for the production of such a void and the trapping of cold atoms within it are also discussed.
Evaluation of postpartum anaemia screening to improve anaemia diagnosis and patient care: A prospective non-randomized before-and-after anaemia screening protocol implementation study
Authors: Yefet Enav , Suleiman Abeer , Garmi Gali , Hatokay Aliza , Nachum Zohar
Published: May 2019

We assessed the efficacy of a screening protocol for postpartum anaemia diagnosis and treatment in the maternity ward. A prospective non-randomized before-and-after anaemia screening protocol implementation study during two consecutive periods was conducted. Women who were scheduled for vaginal birth were tested for haemoglobin (Hb) before delivery. During the first period (June 29–October 10, 2015; N = 803) Hb was measured postpartum for women with anaemia-related symptoms, postpartum haemorrhage, or pre-delivery severe anaemia (Hb < 8 g/dL; “symptoms” group). During the second period (October 11, 2015–January 27, 2016; N = 755) Hb was also measured in all women with pre-delivery anaemia [i.e., Hb < 10.5 g/dL] (“screening” group). The primary outcomes were the rates of women with (1) postpartum anaemia diagnosis (Hb < 10 g/dL) and (2) administration of parenteral iron sucrose (indicated for postpartum Hb ≤ 9.5 g/dL). The detection rate of postpartum anaemia was higher in the screening group compared with the symptoms group (140 (19%) versus 100 (12%), ORadjusted 2.2 95%CI [1.6–3.0], respectively). The iron sucrose treatment rate was also higher (110 (15%) versus 88 (11%), ORadjusted 2.0 95%CI [1.4–2.7], respectively). A total of 122 women were diagnosed with moderate-severe anaemia in the screening group, 27 of whom (22%) were diagnosed solely due to the screening protocol. The results demonstrated that a routine screening of women with predelivery anaemia for postpartum anaemia led to increased anaemia diagnosis and consequently better medical care.
Stress-induced tunneling nanotubes support treatment adaptation in prostate cancer
Authors: Kretschmer Alexander , Zhang Fan , Somasekharan Syam Prakash , Tse Charan , Leachman Lauren , Gleave Anna , Li Brian , Asmaro Ivan , Huang Teresa , Kotula Leszek , Sorensen Poul H. , Gleave Martin E.
Published: May 2019

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-based membranous structures bridging distant cells for intercellular communication. We define roles for TNTs in stress adaptation and treatment resistance in prostate cancer (PCa). Androgen receptor (AR) blockade and metabolic stress induce TNTs, but not in normal prostatic epithelial or osteoblast cells. Co-culture assays reveal enhanced TNT formation between stressed and unstressed PCa cells as well as from stressed PCa to osteoblasts. Stress-induced chaperones clusterin and YB-1 localize within TNTs, are transported bi-directionally via TNTs and facilitate TNT formation in PI3K/AKT and Eps8-dependent manner. AR variants, induced by AR antagonism to mediate resistance to AR pathway inhibition, also enhance TNT production and rescue loss of clusterin- or YB-1-repressed TNT formation. TNT disruption sensitizes PCa to treatment-induced cell death. These data define a mechanistic network involving stress induction of chaperone and AR variants, PI3K/AKT signaling, actin remodeling and TNT-mediated intercellular communication that confer stress adaptative cell survival.
Background matching and disruptive coloration as habitat-specific strategies for camouflage
Authors: Price Natasha , Green Samuel , Troscianko Jolyon , Tregenza Tom , Stevens Martin
Published: May 2019

Camouflage is a key defence across taxa and frequently critical to survival. A common strategy is background matching, resembling the colour and pattern of the environment. This approach, however, may be ineffective in complex habitats where matching one patch may lead to increased visibility in other patches. In contrast, disruptive coloration, which disguises body outlines, may be effective against complex backgrounds. These ideas have rarely been tested and previous work focuses on artificial systems. Here, we test the camouflage strategies of the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) in two habitats, being a species that is highly variable, capable of plastic changes in appearance, and lives in multiple environments. Using predator (bird and fish) vision modelling and image analysis, we quantified background matching and disruption in crabs from rock pools and mudflats, predicting that disruption would dominate in visually complex rock pools but background matching in more uniform mudflats. As expected, rock pool individuals had significantly higher edge disruption than mudflat crabs, whereas mudflat crabs more closely matched the substrate than rock pool crabs for colour, luminance, and pattern. Our study demonstrates facultative expression of camouflage strategies dependent on the visual environment, with implications for the evolution and interrelatedness of defensive strategies.
Enhancing tumor chemotherapy and overcoming drug resistance through autophagy-mediated intracellular dissolution of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Yi , Zhang Hou-Rui , Dong Liang , Xu Meng-Ran , Zhang Li , Ding Wei-Ping , Zhang Ji-Qian , Lin Jun , Zhang Yun-Jiao , Qiu Ben-Sheng , Wei Peng-Fei , Wen Long-Ping
Published: May 2019

Enhancing tumor chemotherapy and overcoming drug resistance through autophagy-mediated intracellular dissolution of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
A ratiometric electrochemical sensor for multiplex detection of cancer biomarkers using bismuth as an internal reference and metal sulfide nanoparticles as signal tags
Authors: Yu Lei , Cui Xin , Li Huijuan , Lu Jianjun , Kang Qi , Shen Dazhong
Published: May 2019

Ratiometric electrochemical sensors can provide a relatively accurate analysis of target analytes due to their self-calibration function.
The facile dearomatization of nitroaromatic compounds using lithium enolates of unsaturated ketones in conjugate additions and (4+2) formal cycloadditions
Authors: Pasturaud Karine , Rkein Batoul , Sanselme Morgane , Sebban Muriel , Lakhdar Sami , Durandetti Muriel , Legros Julien , Chataigner Isabelle
Published: May 2019

The novel nucleophilic activation of enolizable unsaturated ketones allows their addition to nitroaromatics and furnishes the corresponding formal dearomatized (4+2) cycloadducts.
Lewis acid catalyzed annulation of spirocyclic donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with exo-heterocyclic olefins: access to highly functionalized bis-spirocyclopentane oxindole frameworks
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Pramanik Sourav , Hamlin Trevor A. , Mondal Biplab , Das Dinabandhu , Saha Jaideep
Published: May 2019

Oxindole-activated spiro-DAC is used as synthon to prepare complex bis-spirocyclopentane oxindole frameworks via ring-enlargement.
Imperfect oriented attachment of lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles
Authors: Reddy Sanivarapu Suresh , Berchmans Lawrence John , Sreedhar Gosipathala
Published: May 2019

Oriented attachment of La(OH)3 nanoparticles into nanosheets for enhanced photo-electrochemical water splitting.
Molecular mechanisms of pore formation and membrane disruption by the antimicrobial lantibiotic peptide Mutacin 1140
Authors: Pokhrel Rudramani , Bhattarai Nisha , Baral Prabin , Gerstman Bernard S. , Park Jae H. , Handfield Martin , Chapagain Prem P.
Published: May 2019

The emergence of antibiotic-resistance is a major concern to global human health and identification of novel antibiotics is critical to mitigate the threat.
Synthesis and characterization of rhodium–aluminum heterobimetallic complexes tethered by a 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2-propanoxy group
Authors: Li Zhongjing , Yokley Timothy W. , Tran Sheila L. , Zong Jie , Schley Nathan D. , Brewster Timothy P.
Published: May 2019

We demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of a new class of late transition metal-aluminum heterobimetallic complexes. A bridging ligand which both chelates the transition metal and binds the aluminumviaan alkoxide was employed to impart stability to the bimetallic system.
Geometric considerations of the monoclinic–rutile structural transition in VO2
Authors: Guan Shian , Rougier Aline , Suchomel Matthew R. , Penin Nicolas , Bodiang Kadiali , Gaudon Manuel
Published: May 2019

Geometrical and experimental examinations of VO2 show how hysteretic phase transition phenomena across the MIT can be driven by positive crystal energy effects of increasing unit cell volume.
Ruthenium(iii)-bis(phenolato)bipyridine/TiO2 hybrids: unprecedented photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Mongal Binitendra Naath , Tiwari Amritanjali , Malapaka Chandrasekharam , Pal Ujjwal
Published: May 2019

Bis-(hydroxyphenyl) bipyridine-based ruthenium complexes as photosensitizers for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Spin crossover and photomagnetic behaviors in one-dimensional looped coordination polymers
Authors: Sun Xiao-Peng , Liu Tao , Yao Zi-Shuo , Tao Jun
Published: May 2019

Thermal- and light-induced SCO behaviors have been studied on two one-dimensional looped coordination polymers.
Expanded hydrated vanadate for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Chaofeng , Neale Zachary , Zheng Jiqi , Jia Xiaoxiao , Huang Juanjuan , Yan Mengyu , Tian Meng , Wang Mingshan , Yang Jihui , Cao Guozhong
Published: May 2019

Expanding hydrated vanadate with transition metal cations collectively promotes and catalyzes fast and more Zn-ion intercalation in aqueous batteries.
Porous Cr2O3 bead with a 3D continuous pore architecture: synthesis and its catalytic performance for decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Wang Dakang , Jiang Yanqiu , Hu Yinghui , Hao Dongyu , Yang Yulin , Fan Ruiqing , Xia Debin , Lin Kaifeng
Published: May 2019

Mesoporous/macroporous Cr2O3 beads with 3D continuous pore structure exhibit improved thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate compared with Cr2O3 crystals.
Plasmon-induced hot electron transfer in Au–ZnO heterogeneous nanorods for enhanced SERS
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zhang Jianshuo , Yang Haitao , Wang Zhuan , Shi Jin-an , Zhou Wu , Jiang Nan , Xian Guoyu , Qi Qi , Weng Yuxiang , Shen Chengmin , Cheng Zhaohua , He Shengtai
Published: May 2019

Au–ZnO matchstick-shaped nanorods with a good epitaxial interface have shown a strong SERS effect, which is attributed to the plasmon-induced hot-electron transfer from Au tips to ZnO nanorods.
Mesoporous nickel cobalt manganese sulfide yolk–shell hollow spheres for high-performance electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Wei Chengzhen , Chen Qingyun , Cheng Cheng , Liu Ran , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Liping
Published: May 2019

Mesoporous Ni–Co–Mn sulfide yolk–shell hollow spheres have been prepared via a self-template route and show excellent electrochemical performance in supercapacitors.
Electrochemical immunosensor based on an antibody-hierarchical mesoporous SiO2 for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wang Hongsu , Xiu Yi , Chen Yan , Sun Liping , Yang Libin , Chen Honghao , Niu Xiaodi
Published: May 2019

Electrochemical immunosensor based on an Ab-HMS materials using butterfly wings as biotemplate is successfully prepared. It is not only simple to manufacture, but also has a fast detection time and can detect S. aureus with low sensitivity.
Fabrication of a novel high-performance leather waste-based composite retention aid
Authors: You Yaohui , Zhang Jiayong , Sun Xubing
Published: May 2019

A novel biomass composite retention aid was developed by using collagen hydrolysate extracted from collagen waste as starting material, glutaraldehyde as organic crosslinking agent and polymeric aluminum chloride as inorganic modifying agent.
Fluorescent probes for organelle-targeted bioactive species imaging
Authors: Gao Peng , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: May 2019

The dynamic fluctuations of bioactive species in living cells are associated with numerous physiological and pathological phenomena. The emergence of organelle-targeted fluorescent probes has significantly facilitated our understanding on the biological functions of these species. This review describes the design, applications, challenges and potential directions of organelle-targeted bioactive species probes.
Competing with other polyanionic cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries via fine structure design: new layered KVOPO4 with a tailored particle morphology
Authors: Liao Jiaying , Hu Qiao , Che Bo , Ding Xiang , Chen Fei , Chen Chunhua
Published: May 2019

Layered KVOPO4 (L-KVOP) with a controllable morphology as a cathode material for potassium-ion batteries is proposed. The designed L-KVOP electrode displays a high average voltage (3.65 V) and high capacity (115 mA h g−1).
Organic–inorganic hybrids of Fe–Co polyphenolic network wrapped Fe3O4 nanocatalysts for significantly enhanced oxygen evolution
Authors: Jia Xin , Wu Jinzhu , Lu Ke , Li Yang , Qiao Xianshu , Kaelin Jacob , Lu Songtao , Cheng Yingwen , Wu Xiaohong , Qin Wei
Published: May 2019

The design of organic–inorganic hybrid nanostructures with carefully balanced properties is a promising approach for constructing advanced electrocatalysts using earth abundant elements.
A universal in situ strategy for charging supercapacitors
Authors: Luo Zhiling , Liu Changhong , Fan Shoushan , Liu Enchong
Published: May 2019

Supercapacitors can be charged to higher than 1.0 V in situ with a Zn–air cell with a drop of NaCl solution.
Proton delivery through a dynamic 3D H-bond network constructed from dense hydroxyls for advanced ion-selective membranes
Authors: Hu Lei , Gao Li , Yan Xiaoming , Zheng Wenji , Dai Yan , Hao Ce , Wu Xuemei , He Gaohong
Published: May 2019

A dynamic 3D H-bond network constructed from dense hydroxyls in membranes achieves excellent electrochemical performances in flow battery application.