bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF AGGLOMERATIONS ON SOCIAL, AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF NEIGHBOURING MUNICIPALITIES
Authors: Badach Elżbieta , Cymanow Piotr
Published: December 2019

The main research objective was to define the intensity of migration processes in metropolitan areas, and highlight the scale of deagrarisation processes in neighbouring regions where agricultural functions are on the decline. The article presents the dynamics of changes related to the number of agricultural farms located in suburban areas in the years 1996-2010. It also includes an analysis of population flows between the city and the countryside. The study covers 4 agglomerations – Warszawa, Kraków, Wrocław and Poznań – and includes all the municipalities adjacent to the abovementioned cities. The study is based on data from the last three Agricultural Censuses and resources from the Local Data Bank. The data was used to create linear models illustrating tendency and dynamics indicators. In each of the agglomerations, it is possible to observe a visible decrease in the number of agricultural farms, whereas this phenomenon is the most conspicuous in municipalities located around Warszawa and Kraków. This points to increased dynamics of urbanisation processes with regard to major cities in Poland. Detailed analysis points to the concentration of capital and the related departure from the agricultural function in municipalities located in the direct vicinity of main transit routes. The analysis of population flows reveals that the dominant direction of migration is towards suburban municipalities. Apart from accessibility in terms of transport, the most significant factors, when it comes to making decisions on where to settle, include the attractive landscape and outstanding natural features of neighbouring municipalities. Models of trend estimation developed for individual municipalities, which describe the extent of migration from cities to neighbouring municipalities, expressly point to the increasing degree of this phenomenon. The greatest flow in this direction was observed in the years 2008-2010.
SELECTED ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVENESS OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY AGAINST A BACKGROUND OF OTHER LOW TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES IN POLAND
Authors: Juchniewicz Małgorzata
Published: December 2019

In this article, the chosen aspects of innovativeness of food industry against other branches of low technology were discussed. The analysis of innovative potential was made with the use of the following indicators: the share of innovative active enterprises incurring expenses on innovative activity and cooperating in this range and the expenditure level attributable to the enterprise incurring expenses. The innovative position was evaluated based on share indicators of: innovative enterprises (product and process innovations), introducing marketing and organization innovations as well as those sold in 2017 and new or significantly improved products introduced to the market between 2015 and 2017. It was stated that the most innovative branches, both among the subjects of the food industry and other branches of low technology were producers of tobacco and beverages. A significantly lower level of innovativeness was characterized among producers of groceries. They took 7th place among 11 branches of the low technology sector. This tendency is stable over time, as within previous years similar results of this research problem analysis were noted.
Komeniologia jako nauka – współczesne dylematy wokół twórczości Komeńskiego i o Komeńskim
Authors: Żuraw Hanna
Published: December 2019

Pomimo upływu lat tezy sformułowane przez Jana Amosa Komeńskiego pozostają aktualne. Rozwój nauki i podjęte praca badawcze na przestrzeni ostatniego stulecia przyniosły potwierdzenie jego założeń dotyczących edukacji językowej, zasad i metod nauczania opar-tych na poglądowości, aktywności i polisensoryczności. Ponadto przedstawiono szereg danych na temat znaczenia edukacji jako mechanizmu redukcji nierówności społecznych i kształtowa-nia ładu społecznego opartego na szacunku dla wszystkich ludzi. Niniejsze opracowanie na wstępie ukazuje rozległość studiów dotyczących osoby i twórczości znamienitego Czecha. Jest zarazem formą metarefleksji, aspirującą do przedstawienia komeniologii jako nauki interdyscyplinarnej, która łączy elementy dydaktyki, teorii wychowania i etyki. Ukazano jej przedmiot, podstawowe pojęcia i metody badawcze.
Comeniology as a process and result of scientific cognition. Social context of education in the thought of John Amos Comenius
Authors: Dobrowolska Barbara
Published: December 2019

The research paper is an attempt to justify the importance of comeniology in the humanities and social sciences. Furthermore, it includes some interpretation of the social con-texts of education appearing in the writings by Comenius. The justification of the meaning and nature of comeniology is based on the science term senses by T. Pilch and T. Bauman. Their academic coursebook, Zasady badań pedagogicznych (Principles of Pedagogical Research), is a classic methodological title in pedagogical literature. They give didactic, institutional, content, historic-sociological and functional substance to the idea of science. Each of these substances has been analyzed with respect to comeniology. The scientific category of comeniology covers the whole system of contents involving various stages of human developments and his existence. Social and political conditions become the objects of analyses and interpretation, which conse-quently generate more and more new ideas, statements, interpretations and reinterpretations referring to the works and thoughts of Comenius. Considering the methodology of research of the said works, comeniology is dominated by phenomenology and hermeneutics and their phil-osophical approach. Scientific discovery, research and methodological solutions along with the emerging system of knowledge about Comenius allow one to award comeniology the character of humanistic reflection. Due to the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject matters investigated, this reflection concerns the humanities and social sciences. Giving comeniology the status of scientific quality is considering its development in the categories of the process and result of scientific cognition. Reflections on comeniology’s scientific quality and discourse correspond to social issues. Due to the author’s personal interest in social pedagogy, an attempt has been made to indicate social contexts of education. They constitute a largely unexplored area of the works of Comenius and require further analyses. They encompass, inter alia, the issues of school as a social institution, equal access to education, poverty, social inequality and exclusion.
The Ukrainian context of Comenius studies: philosophical, pedagogical, psychological aspects
Authors: Kobernyk Alexander , Osadchenko Inna , Tkachuk Larysa
Published: December 2019

The article describes philosophical, pedagogical and psychological aspects of Comeni-us’s scientific ideas based on the analysis of scientific findings of Ukrainian authors in different historical times. It is found that the works of the prominent educator began to be analyzed in detail by Ukrainian scholars in the second half of the 19th century. The article also thematically chronologizes studies on the work of John Amos Comenius: pedagogical ideas; biographical data; the role of ideas in the context of developing sciences of different fields, such as philosophy, history, pedagogy. The article shows that the philosophical aspect of Ukrainian Comeniology is characterized by the focus of scholars of the 19th century on Comenius’s theological ideas and, through their prism, on the functioning of the Ukrainian education system; the exemplarity of his figure in overcoming obstacles to Ukraine’s independence; the analysis of his ideas from the beginning of Ukraine’s independence through a nationally updated context of socio-cultural relations; the quintessence of the philosophical concept of “eternal peace”. The philosophical aspect of Ukrainian Comeniology is substantially connected with the pedagogical aspect: the everyday relevance of Comenius’s pedagogical ideas in all the analyzed historical periods of Comenius studies (from the middle of the 19th century up to the present day); the eloquence of the educator’s ideas, in particular the deterministic historical and social conditions of the teach-er’s professionalization and the image of the modern pupil; the permanent relevance of Comeni-us’s pedagogical principles (democracy, cultural conformity through national identity); ideas for schools teaching in national languages, etc. The psychological aspect of Ukrainian Сomeniology has not yet been revealed. Considerable attention has been paid to the psychological ideas of John Amos Comenius through the compilation of the quotations corresponding to the psycholog-ical concept of today.
Comenius' man in the context of internal and external freedom towards physical, intellectual and emotional spheres
Authors: Wyczółkowska Ewa
Published: December 2019

Is comeniology a science? This question becomes the guiding thought of my contem-plations. I conduct the analysis of John A. Comenius's concept according to the selected scientific criteria: logical order, levels of theory, explanatory power, heuristic power, degree of persuasion and degree of justification, power of prediction, language and methods. I accept the image of a man as a triad involving spirit (immortal part connected with the spiritual world), soul (rational part considering the free will given by the Creator) and body (animal part and the part of the soul capable of perceiving sensory stimuli). In my article I am searching for a proper in-terpretation of Comenius' concept of a free man that was based on observation and experience.
From the Chair
Authors: Caro Susanne
Published: December 2019

It is an honor to serve as the chair of GODORT. For those of you who do not know me, I first worked with state and federal information while at the New Mexico State Library. I left the Land of Enchantment for Big Sky Country in 2011. At the University of Montana I took on the role of regional for the first time, and fell in love with that fabulous collection. I eventually learned that the state nickname did not apply to Missoula with an inversion layer during a nasty fire season. I moved to Fargo in the middle of winter to start at North Dakota State University in 2018, just a few months before our Past Chair started.
In Larger Freedom: Access to Information and International Government Organization Archives
Authors: Church Jim
Published: December 2019

In April 2019 at the International Studies Association (ISA) annual conference, I participated in a panel about International Organization Archives and the UN Depository system. There we learned of a report by the Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) of the United Nations titled “Strengthening Policy Research Uptake in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” The report notes that “the research value and visibility of United Nations digital outputs, which are currently residing, unconnected, on numerous United Nations websites and in a plethora of diverse, online databases” presents challenges to researchers. They also recommend that “a principle of open access should operate by default for research products and data published or commissioned by the United Nations. This includes publications, authorship and co-authorship in open access journals or collections.” Per their mission statement, the JIU is the “only independent external oversight body of the United Nations system mandated to conduct evaluations, inspections and investigations system-wide.”
TRAIL Spotlight: Fires in Abandoned Coal Mines and Waste Banks
Authors: Chalmers Mark
Published: December 2019

Coal is a readily combustible rock of carbon and hydrocarbons that is found all across the United States. Due to its combustive properties and relative abundance, burning coal has been and still is a substantial fraction of the US energy market. However, also due its combustive properties, coal veins and mines tend to, well, catch fire. Lewis and Clark reported seeing burning veins of coal in 1805 when they were exploring the Missouri River in what is now central North Dakota. Maybe you have heard of the still burning mine fire in Centralia, Pennsylvania where a strip mine has been burning since 1962 and could continue to burn for over 250 years. Abandoned coal mines that catch fire are serious health, safety, and environmental hazards that the US government has been trying to address for decades.
Tuskegee Syphilis Study of 1932–1973 and the Rise of Bioethics as Shown Through Government Documents and Actions
Authors: Barrett Laura A.
Published: December 2019

One government source regarding clinical trials is Clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), which is available to health information seekers as a resource to find information about past, current, and recruiting clinical trials. Currently, if you participate in a clinical trial you are required to provide your “informed consent.” This means you have been informed of the risks, benefits, purpose of the study, and your rights. This information is provided to you so that you, as the potential participant, can make an informed decision before deciding whether or not to participate. If you work with or in research, you will become very familiar with the term IRB, which stands for “Institutional Review Board.” An IRB is a panel intended to oversee the entire scope of one or more medical research studies including protecting the rights and welfare of human research subjects. Although it may seem like common sense that these two things are necessary, there was a time when they did not exist. A new approach to bioethics and the regulation of clinical trials and medical studies using living human subjects came about from public and governmental outrage over one study, known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. By looking specifically at this case, which led to the rise of bioethics at the federal-government level in the 1970s, the origin of IRBs and informed consent as they relate to medical studies and human subjects will be illuminated. The issues of IRBs, informed consent, and bioethics are important in the library and information science community because we often interact with a public that is impacted by the policies and regulations related to these issues. In addition, we are the very researchers, or hold relationships with researchers, that are held to the strict standards set in place by IRBs and bioethics in general.
The Equal Rights Amendment in the Twenty-First Century: Ratification Issues and Intersectional Effects
Authors: White Hanna H.
Published: December 2019

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), originally introduced only three years after women gained the right to vote, has seen a resurgence in interest in the twenty-first century with recent ratifications in Nevada and Illinois. This is in spite of the fact that the version of the ERA these ratifications pertain to, which passed in Congress in 1972, appeared to expire in 1982. This paper seeks to summarize the history and present of the ERA, with particular attention paid to how ratification might affect current hot-button issues such as restrictions on abortion access and transgender rights.
Et tabt årti? Dansk klimadækning siden COP15
Authors: Eskjær Mikkel Fugl
Published: December 2019

Danish media coverage of climate change peaked in 2009 when Denmark hosted COP15. Like most other countries Denmark experienced a sharp drop in climate change reporting following the failure of COP15. It is only within recent years that Danish climate change agenda is showing signs of regaining some of its former strength. What can we learn from ten years of climate change reporting in Danish media? How is the climate crisis communicated in the public sphere? How much attention is payed to the climate change agenda and who gets to speak about the climate? The present investigation looks at ten years of Danish climate change reporting across different news media and media platforms, focusing on the development of the media’s climate change agenda and the sources that dominates climate change reporting.
Atlas do Brasil
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio
Published: December 2019

Resenha do livro Atlas do Brasil.
Pau Alsina
Authors: Casanovas Marc , Berga Quelic
Published: December 2019

Pau Alsina es el director de Artnodes, una publicación digital de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya impulsada des de los estudios de humanidades que ya lleva diez años mostrando las interrelaciones entre arte, ciencia y tecnología. Este propósito lo ha cumplido tanto introduciendo innovadoras prácticas artísticas como aportando historias y teorías que contribuyen a dar cuenta de una larga historia.
Origen y evolución de Goteo, plataforma de crowdfunding para proyectos abiertos
Authors: Senabre Enric
Published: December 2019

Goteo.org se trata de una red social de crowdfunding y colaboración distribuida mediante la cual fomentar el desarrollo independiente de iniciativas creativas e innovadoras que contribuyan a los bienes comunes mediante recursos digitales compartidos, conocimiento libre y código abierto. Se trata por tanto de una plataforma para la financiación colectiva centrada en proyectos abiertos de interés social, cultural, etc.
Mobilitylab, 8 años de investigación crítica e interacción digital
Authors: Foglia Efraín
Published: December 2019

Mobilitylab es una plataforma creada por Efraín Foglia y Jordi Sala en 2011 enfocada a la interacción digital y la investigación crítica tomando como foco de estudio la movilidad contemporánea. Los proyectos realizados son diseños a medida que vinculan tecnologías digitales (open source) con diversos lenguajes creativos de la cultura y el arte: diseño sonoro, interfaces móviles, redes telemáticas a medida...
WordCamp Spain
Authors: Cuevas i Melis Olga
Published: December 2019

El WorldCamp Spain llegó a su tercera edición el 11 de diciembre en Barcelona. Olga Cuevas acudió a la jornada y no cuenta cómo fue este evento dedicado a promover, compartir y difundir los conocimientos y el espíritu de comunidad entre los usuarios, desarrolladores y empresas que usan Wordpress para sus proyectos.
Sobre Mapr y otros proyectos experimentales de pimpampum.net
Authors: Julià Daniel
Published: December 2019

Mapr es un de los proyectos del pimpampum lab. En este artículo, Daniel Julià, uno de los componentes de pimpampum.net, explica que es Mapr y cual es el proceso creativo que hay detrás de esta aplicación y del resto de los proyectos del Lab, la mayoria de los cuales son Mashups, aplicaciones que agregan información de diferentes fuentes para generar visualizaciones o crear aplicaciones participativas innovadoras.
Infografía de Haití
Authors: Coll Joan
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de la práctica de Joan Coll era realizar una infografía para su distribución vía web, intentando responder a una o varias preguntas propuestas en el enunciado. En una primera fase, realizó una investigación y recopilación de información, a fin de sentar unas bases sólidas sobre las que poder realizar la infografía. Un una segunda parte, Coll representó gráficamente la información recopilada.
Creación de anuncios a partir de una letra
Authors: Nóvoa Xose
Published: December 2019

El ejercicio de Xosé Novoa, que plantea la creación de anuncios a partir de una letra dada, nos demuestra que aplicar un programa de identidad visual es la mejor manera de conocerlo a fondo. Además, la práctica nos rebela la importancia de la tipografía en las composiciones de identidad gráfica ya que consigue, con solo una letra y un par de frases, identificar claramente una marca.
Anna Ripoll y Tona Monjo
Authors: Codorniu Helena , Blasco Laia , Giménez Ferran , Casado Martínez Carlos
Published: December 2019

Después de conocer, en la anterior entrevista, la valoración que el Servicio de Informática del Ayuntamiento de Badalona hace del rediseño de su Web municipal, en esta ocasión entrevistamos a las responsables de las empresas Intuitiva y Latent, encargadas del diseño funcional y del diseño gráfico, respectivamente. Sus representantes, Anna Ripoll y Antonia Monjo, nos descubren otras vertientes del proyecto.
Prevalencia de colonización vaginorrectal por Streptococcus agalactiae y su perfil de sensibilidad en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en un hospital de tercer nivel
Authors: Campo César Hernán , Martínez María Fernanda , Otero Juan Carlos , Rincón Giovanna
Published: December 2019

Introducción. Streptococcus agalactiae es el principal agente etiológico causante de infección invasiva del recién nacido con cuadros clínicos que pueden cursar con septicemia, neumonía o meningitis con prevalencias hasta del 50 % a nivel mundial, donde se viene presentando un incremento en su resistencia antibiótica.Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de colonización vaginorrectal por S. agalactiae y su perfil de sensibilidad, en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en un hospital de tercer nivel.Materiales y métodos. Se muestrearon 121 mujeres gestantes mediante hisopado vaginal y rectal. Los cultivos se desarrollaron siguiendo la metodología recomendada por los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) y se agregó el agar chromID Strepto B. Las colonias sugestivas se identificaron bioquímicamente y se determinaron los perfiles de sensibilidad según el Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Resultados. La prevalencia de colonización por S. agalactiae en las mujeres gestantes fue del 20,66 %. Se obtuvieron 40 aislamientos del total de muestras analizadas, de los cuales, el 12,5 % no presentó sensibilidad a la penicilina. La sensibilidad a la levofloxacina, la clindamicina y la eritromicina fue de 100 %, 92,5 % y 87,5 %, respectivamente; no se encontró sensibilidad a la tetraciclina. El fenotipo iMLSB se encontró en tres y, el M, en dos de los 40 aislamientos. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de colonización vaginorrectal por S. agalactiae en la población de estudio, fue de 20,66 %. Se obtuvieron aislamientos no sensibles a la penicilina, y con resistencia a los macrólidos y las lincosamidas mediante el método de Kirby-Bauer. Por ello, es importante la búsqueda activa en las mujeres gestantes colonizadas por estreptococos del grupo B y la vigilancia epidemiológica constante para detectar cambios en los perfiles de sensibilidad de los aislamientos.
The landscape and prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in gastric cancer
Authors: Li Linhai , Ouyang Yiming , Wang Wenrong , Hou Dezhi , Zhu Yu
Published: December 2019

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. The tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), exhibits crucial roles both in promoting and inhibiting cancer growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the landscape of TIICs and develop a prognostic nomogram in GC.

Materials and Methods

A gene expression profile obtained from a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to quantify the proportion of 22 TIICs in GC by the CIBERSORT algorithm. LASSO regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression were applied to select the best survival-related TIICs and develop an immunoscore formula. Based on the immunoscore and clinical information, a prognostic nomogram was built, and the predictive accuracy of it was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the calibration plot. Furthermore, the nomogram was validated by data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset.

Results

In the GC samples, macrophages (25.3%), resting memory CD4 T cells (16.2%) and CD8 T cells (9.7%) were the most abundant among 22 TIICs. Seven TIICs were filtered out and used to develop an immunoscore formula. The AUC of the prognostic nomogram in the TCGA set was 0.772, similar to that in the ICGC set (0.730) and whole set (0.748), and significantly superior to that of TNM staging alone (0.591). The calibration plot demonstrated an outstanding consistency between the prediction and actual observation. Survival analysis revealed that patients with GC in the high-immunoscore group exhibited a poor clinical outcome. The result of multivariate analysis revealed that the immunoscore was an independent prognostic factor.

Discussion

The immunoscore could be used to reinforce the clinical outcome prediction ability of the TNM staging system and provide a convenient tool for risk assessment and treatment selection for patients with GC.
The accumulation of Mn and Cu in the morphological parts of Solidago canadensis under different soil conditions
Authors: Bielecka Aleksandra , Królak Elżbieta
Published: December 2019

Solidago canadensis L. is a drought-tolerant, invasive plant, characterized by a large biomass of underground and aboveground parts. The aim of this study was to assess the accumulation of manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) in the roots and rhizomes and the stems, leaves, and inflorescence parts in S. canadensis from two locations that differed in soil pH, organic carbon, and Mn and Cu concentrations. The concentration of the metals in the samples was determined by the AAS method; the pH was determined by the potentiometric method; and the content of organic carbon was determined using Tiurin’s method. The concentration of Mn and Cu in the roots of S. candensis correlated with the concentrations of the metals in the soil without regard to the soil condition or its organic carbon content. With a low soil pH and organic carbon content, Mn accumulation per 1 ramet in the aboveground parts of S. canadensis consisted over 50% of the total Mn content in the plant. In neutral or alkaline soils, the amount of Mn per 1 ramet accumulated in underground parts was over 60%. Regardless of the soil conditions, about 35% of Mn accumulated in rhizomes. Approximately 60% of copper accumulated in the underground parts of S. candensis (45% in rhizomes) without regard to the soil reaction or organic carbon content. The ability of the plant to accumulate large amounts of metals disposes Solidago canadensis as a candidate for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
Behavior of Concrete Deep Beam Reinforced with Inclined Web Reinforcement around Different Opening Shapes
Authors: Abdel-Kareem Ahmed H. , El-Azab Ibrahim A.
Published: December 2019

The objective of this paper is to experimentally and analytically estimate the influence of inclined reinforcement placed above and below web openings having different shapes in reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam. Twenty RC deep beams had the same overall geometric dimensions were tested under two-point top loading. Test variables included amount of inclined reinforcement, opening shape (circular, square, rectangular and relatively new type rectangular with fillet edges) and shear span-to-depth ratio. The relationship between the amount of inclined reinforcement and the opening size was expressed as the effective inclined reinforcement factor. As this factor was increased, the behavior of tested beams improved, where the crack width and its development decreased, and the ultimate load increased. The improvement rate of ultimate load with increasing effective inclined reinforcement for beams with rectangular openings having fillet edges was higher than that with sharp edges. Beams with opening having square, circular, or rectangular with fillet edges shapes and having effective inclined reinforcement ratio above 0.085 and 0.091 under shear span-to-depth ratio 1.0 and 0.6, respectively had higher ultimate load than that of corresponding solid beams. The effect of inclined reinforcement on enhancing the behavior of deep beam with opening increased as the shear span-to-depth ratio decreased. The ultimate load of tested beams was estimated using upper-bound analysis of the plasticity theory and compared with the test results. It is shown that the prediction has a consistent agreement with the experimental results.
Annual and Seasonal Variation in Artemia Population in Relation to Water Quality Parameters in Lake Galgas in Crimea, Russia
Authors: Ivanovna Rudneva Irina , Grigor’evich Shaida Valentin , Viktorovich Sherba Anton , Veniaminovich Zav’vyalov Andrei
Published: December 2019

Aim: To study seasonal changes of hydrological parameters of the water and Artemia population status in the hypersaline Galgas Lake in the period of 2017-2019.

Study Area and Duration: The study was carried out in the Crimea, a peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe in 2017-2019.

Methodology: Water (brine) and Artemia samples were collected monthly from the lake located at the coastal line of the Black Sea. The parameters namely temperature, pH, salinity, Eh, and oxygen concentration of were determined in the water. Artemia population including the developmental stages and the cysts hatching rate of the cysts were measured in different seasons in the study period. The differences in hydrochemical characteristics of the study area in different years and seasons were observed.

Results: The results showed that the hydrochemical characteristics of the study area varied with the climate peculiarities. In summer months 2017, the lake was dried out. In the hot period, the temperature of the air and water was above +30°C, the pH ranged insignificantly, and the oxygen concentration was low. Artemia cysts were found throughout the year, however the nauplii were mostly available during spring and autumn seasons, while the adults were found in spring and summer months.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the changes of the water parameters depended on season and especially on air temperature. The changes of Artemia population were different in examined years and depended on the water characteristics and especially on temperature and oxygen concentration. The obtained results could be helpful for the local climate changes consequences studies and their influence on aquatic biota.
Effect of Mineral Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Marketable Yield and Economic Return of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mil) at Northwestern Zone of Tigray
Authors: Gebremichael Yohannes , Gebretsadikan Gebremedhen
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates on the growth and yield tomato at Northwestern Zone of Tigray during 2016-2017 cropping season under irrigation condition. It  is  the  most  cultivated  and  high  market  value  of  vegetable crops  in  Tigray  Northern Ethiopia. However, tomato production is limited due to low fertility of soil and inappropriate fertilizer rate. Six different levels of nitrogen (0, 23, 46, 69, 92 and 115 kg N /ha) and six different levels of phosphorus (0, 46, 69, 92,115 and 138 kg P2O5/ ha) were used and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replication. (Melkasalsa) tomato variety was used as a testing variety. The current findings showed that the highest marketable tomato fruit yield (61.16 t/ha) were obtained in 115 kg N/ha (250 kg urea/ha) and 92 kg P2O5 (200 kg Di Ammonium Phosphate DAP /ha).  But, the profitable yield obtained was at N2P2 (46 kg N & 69 P2O5 kg ha-1) that is 100 kg/ha of Urea combined with 150 kg/ha of DAP yield was obtained 48.25 t ha-1 and the profit was 235502 birr per ha with the maximum Marginal Rate of Return of 26.16%. Therefore, 100 kg/ha of urea with 150 kg/ha of DAP was recommended for the growers to improve tomato fruit productivity in the study area.
Impacts of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing on Developing Countries: The Case of Somalia
Authors: Jama Omar Abdimalik , Abdirahman Mohamed Ayub , Abullahi Bambale Sulaiman
Published: December 2019

Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is recognized as global phenomenon and also a major obstacle to achieved sustainable fisheries. The consequences of IUU fishing cost up to $23 billion a year. Developing countries are excessively influenced by this illegal business, to a limited extent because of an absence of monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) capacity within their sovereign jurisdiction. It represents a remarkable loss of revenue, where dependence on fisheries for food, livelihoods and revenue is high. Somalia, having the longest coastline in Africa is badly affected by this IUU. Hence, this research analyses the impacts of IUU fishing to Somalia. It examines the root causes of the problem and how it has affected the whole nation and its people, as well as and how the government and regional administrations are putting efforts on fighting against it. This research discusses the baseline against which successful action to combat illegal fishing can be judged. Document study and interview are the main data collection methods in this research.
Estimation of Ecosystem Carbon Stock and Tree Species Diversity at National Botanical Garden, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Delwar , Haq Md. Ehsanul , Salwa Manna , Shekh Md. Nazmul Islam , Siddika Aisha , Akter Sharna , Hossain Md. Forhad , Islam Md. Shariful
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted from January to April 2018 to estimate ecosystem carbon stock and tree species diversity at National Botanical Garden, Bangladesh. Transects line method square plots with a size of 20 m × 20 m were used. So altogether there were total eighty-three sample plots in National Botanical Garden. Above ground carbon (AGC) and below ground carbon (BGC) biomass stock was 192.67 and 31.34, respectively and soil organic carbon mean value of 27.52 Mg ha-1, 21.45 Mg ha-1 and 16.23 Mg ha-1, respectively for 0-10 cm depth, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm depth. The average number of tree species per hectare was 128 with a mean value of each plot 3.00 to 9.00 species. The average number of trees in National Botanical Garden (233 tree ha-1), basal area (21.45 m2 ha-1) and mean DBH (39.86 cm). Tree diversity range from 0.25 to 1.86 and the mean value of (0.93 ± 0.14) in National Botanical Garden. A relationship such as biomass carbon with the basal area, mean DBH, stem density and tree diversity were estimated. Among these, the relationship between basal area and biomass carbon showed positive significant correlation. Therefore, the results of the study confirmed that the selected botanical garden can serve as a valuable ecological tool in terms of carbon sequestration, diverse tree species and storage of soil organic carbon.
Comprehensive Socioeconomic and Demographic Profile of Farm Households in West Bengal, India
Authors: Siva G. Samba , Gupta D. S.
Published: December 2019

Socio demographic data of Comprehensive Scheme for study on Cost of cultivation of Principal Crops (CCPC) has been utilized in the present study to identify the distribution of social, economic and demographic characteristics of farm households among different agro climatic zones of West Bengal. The demographic study observed that majority farmers in the study area are small farmers (43.83%) with an average land holding size of 1.5 hectares and have crop production as a major occupation. The households in this study are medium sized families (4 to 6 members). The educational status of households revealed that 80.70% were literates and only 19.30% were illiterates. Majority of them have secondary level of education and minimum of two members earn money for their family. The annual family income of farm households revealed that 50.67% farm households annual income range falls below Rs. 24,000 per annum, and they were considered as living under the poverty line. The average labour force participation rate in West Bengal is 67%. Chi square test revealed that the distribution of these characteristics viz. land holding size (= 32.55; P < .01), farmers’ education (= 46.22; P < .01), farm household education (= 58.42; P < .01), farmers’ age (= 39.94; P < .01), dependency status (= 30.05; P < .01), labour force participation rate (= 17.69; P = .05), farmers occupation (= 27.63; P = .05) and annual net family income (= 35.33; P = .05) found significant and independent among the different agro-climatic zones of West Bengal. It is concluded that the significant socioeconomic and demographic characteristics are crucial as it gives insight into the influence of capital and education on the household economic status. We recommended that the constructive plans should be formulated to take advantage of these aspects, which could positively alter the economic conditions of the farming community.
Promoting Breastfeeding in Workplaces: Experiences with the Crèche at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Eke G. K. , Nte A. R.
Published: December 2019

Background: The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) aims to promote, protect and support optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among all women, irrespective of their employment status. Consequently the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), a Baby Friendly Hospital, has provided free Crèche services since 1996 to enable working mothers breastfeed their babies while at work, as they resume after 4 months of maternity leave.

Aims: To appraise attendance and use of the Crèche by health workers for the promotion, protection and support of breastfeeding at the UPTH.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, UPTH, Nigeria.

Methodology: Personal data and data on Crèche attendance were extracted from the Registers of children cared for at the Crèche between November 2006 and October 2016, entered into Excel Spreadsheet and analysed with SPSS version 20. Simple statistics were used to analyse and present data.

Results: One thousand and sixty-two children utilised the Crèche during the 10 years review period with total of 10,490 attendances. The children consisted of 604(57%) males and 458(43%) females, aged 6 weeks to 48 months (mean-6.44±2.54 months). An average of 93.6 children were cared for each month, with attendance showing a declining trend and they spent 2 to 9.5(mean-4.68) hours daily. The children attended the Crèche for 1 to 22(mean-7.35) days each month, while 32% of them attended only 1-3 days a month. Mothers from all clinical and non-clinical departments utilised the Crèche with nurses constituting 37%.

Conclusion: Utilisation of the Crèche services was sub-optimal. Its provision alone is insufficient to promote and support optimal IYCF practices among working women. User education and support for optimal IYCF practices are required. Access to Crèche services in all shifts and on all days should be guaranteed. Improved record keeping is required.
Impact of Organic Wastes on Physical and Chemical Properties of Sandy and Loamy Soils in Egypt
Authors: Ali Sweed Atef Abdelaziz , Negim Osama Ebrahim
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two organic wastes used as soil amendments i.e. filter mud cake (FMC) and vinasse (V) on some physical and chemical properties of sandy and loamy sandy soils. Applications of organic were incubated with the soils for a three periods of 15, 30 and 60 days at four application rates (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%). This study was carried out in a two way randomized completely block design with three replications. After incubation periods, bulk density, porosity, water retention, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and organic matter were determined.

Results showed that the values of soil bulk density and soil pH were decreased with increasing the application rates of filter cake or vinasse compared with the control in two soils. In addition, application of different filter mud cake and vinasse rates to the study soils increased soil porosity, field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), available water (AW), electrical conductivity (EC) and organic matter contents (OM) as compared to control at different period incubation time. The data of this study concluded that, organic wastes or byproducts of sugar industries could be applied to improve some soil properties.
Socio-demographic Determinants of Vaccine Coverage for Pneumococcus and Rotavirus among under Five Children in Busolwe Town Council, Butaleja District, Eastern Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nabwana Brenda Wafana , Namayanja Sylvia Sidney , Kemigisha Collette , Kisakye Erina , Kusetula Amos Kuddiza , Wakabi Silvester , Wambi Ivan , Musiime Innocent , Nekaka Rebecca , Gavamukulya Yahaya
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims: There is a high burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in the children under five years of age, particularly pneumonia diarrhea and which is greatly affected by low immunization coverage despite the existing efforts and policies. This study was carried out in Butaleja district and was aimed at establishing the socio-demographic determinants of vaccine coverage for pneumococcus and rotavirus among under five children (U5C) in the district.

Study Design: This was a mixed methods cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Busolwe Town Council, Butaleja District, Eastern Uganda.

Methodology: Structured researcher administered questionnaires were administered to 434 caregivers of U5C in different parts of Butaleja district. In-depth interviews with key informants and focused group discussions with Village Health Teams and community members were conducted. Review of Health Management Information Systems records was done. STATA 15 was used to analyze the data.

Results: The study found that there is a declining trend in completion of the doses of Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) and Rotavirus vaccine. For example, in quarter 1 of 2019, out of the 312 children who started immunization, only 2 completed Rota virus immunization and only 117 completed PCV vaccinations a trend that has been observed since 2016. The factors that showed a significant association with the the fact that they gave their child at least one dose of  the vaccine were having been sensitized on the current immunisation schedule(P-value = <0.001), misunderstanding that vaccine is harmful for child (P-value = 0.007), willingness to take children to vaccination (P-value = <0.001), and social factors such as family (P-value = <0.030). Gender also played a key determinant role where the children’s fathers lacked knowledge on significance of immunization and thus discouraged the mothers from taking the children for immunization. Inadequate funding was also highlighted from the Focus Group Discussions.

Conclusion: Vaccine coverage for pneumococcus and rotavirus is still low in Butaleja district mainly due to the attitudes and perceptions of caregivers as well as the knowledge gap. There is need for extensive sensitization of all community members to enable them understand the significance of immunization. It would further be important to increase the funding of the immunization programme to intensify and ensure effectual outreaches as well as the establishment and enforcement of a policy for immunization compliance.
The Effects of Transfer of Learning and Literacy: An Analysis of Graffiti and Sgraffitiin the City of Johannesburg
Authors: Chinangure Farai , Mapaire Lawrence
Published: December 2019

The study examined the social effects of graffiti as pieces of writing or drawings scribbled, scratched or sprayed on surfaces of public toilets or bus termini. The study followed a qualitative exploratory design in which the researchers observed the messages expressed in the graffiti and conducted a discourse analysis on their effects on the moral fabric of society. Themes and perceptions towards some societal ills emerged from the analysis. The main aim of the study was thus to unravel the possible social issues expressed through this art of graffiti and sgraffitti. A purposive total sample size of 10 public toilets and bus termini was used for the study. Among the major findings of this study was the view that the messages conveyed through the graffiti and sgraffitti expressed a disapproval and distaste of such anti-social acts as promiscuity, prostitution and crime that are prevalent in the city of Johannesburg and its environs. In addition, gender based violence, stereotypes prejudices and stigmas against women, homosexuality and HIV/AIDS were among the dominant graffiti and sgrafitto messages. The study concluded that although graffiti and sgraffitti artists tend to deform and deface some public utilities, their call for normative social behaviour in society shows that there is a need to deconstruct a number of societal biases such as gender biases, sex, sexual orientation, stigmas, stereotypes and other prejudices associated with the diverse nature of the human species. The recommendation made by this study is that there is a dire need for advocacy by social workers, the city fathers, the metro police division and other human rights organisations to deconstruct and demystify certain human practices, acts and mind sets.
Frequency of Outpatient Inhalers Prescriptions in Riyadh
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , F. Khan Mohd
Published: December 2019

Background: Community pharmacists help patients in making informed decisions about their treatment and prevent the problems that could be developed from self-medication. The maintenance therapy with inhaled medications is the keystone of pharmacotherapy in many respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore the frequency of inhalers dispensing in Riyadh.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, observational study carried out in Riyadh city to analyze the prescriptions in outpatient pharmacies.

Results and Discussion: The total number of prescriptions is 198 prescriptions that include 650 different medications. Out of the 650 medications, the majority were in the form of a tablet (61.7%), followed by capsules. The present study showed that the use of inhalers was uncommon in Riyadh. Out of 650 drugs, 27 drugs were available as inhalers (4.15%). Out of 27 Inhalers, Ventolin inhalers is the most prescribed (48.14%), followed by Seretide Evohaler (29.62%) and Symbicort Turbuhaler (22.2%).

Conclusion: Although there is a high prevalence of respiratory diseases, inhaler prescriptions and dispensing aren’t common. This may be due to the use of these inhalers as OTC drugs. The role of pharmacists should be to dispense the regular medications only by prescriptions and to counsel patients about the information regarding the use of inhalers.
Adenovirus in the omics era – a multipronged strategy
Authors: Zhao Hongxing , Punga Tanel , Pettersson Ulf
Published: December 2019

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens associated with a wide variety of respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal diseases. To achieve its effective lytic mode of replication, HAdVs have to reprogram host‐cell gene expression and fine‐tune viral gene expression in a temporal manner. In two decades, omics revolution has advanced our knowledge about the HAdV and host‐cell interplay at the RNA and protein levels. This review summarizes the current knowledge from large‐scale datasets on how HAdV infections adjust coding and noncoding RNA expression, as well as how they reprogram host‐cell proteome during the lytic course of infection.