bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some of the issues of conditional early release from punishment
Authors: Черненко Тамара Геннадьевна , Масалитина Ирина Владимировна
Published: September 2021

В статье анализируются основание и условия условно-досрочного освобождения от уголовного наказания, обосновывается вывод, что основанием для условно-досрочного освобождения от наказания является утрата осужденным общественной опасности вследствие достижения в отношении него цели исправления. Рассматриваются особенности условно-досрочного освобождения от наказания лиц, деяния которых образуют множественность преступлений. Лица, у которых наличествует множественность преступлений, представляют повышенную опасность, что особенно характерно для лиц, совершавших новые преступления при непогашенных судимостях за предыдущие, для лиц, чьи деяния содержат признаки особо опасного рецидива преступлений. В статье обосновывается вывод, что к таким лицам должны предъявляться более строгие требования, чем к иным категориям преступников, при предоставлении им возможностей условно-досрочного освобождения от наказания. Срок, подлежащий отбытию, как условие применения условно-досрочного освобождения, для указанных лиц должен быть на законодательном уровне установлен больший, чем для других категорий преступников.
Why criminal penalty has to be a penalty
Authors: Шеслер Александр Викторович
Published: September 2021

В статье обосновывается необходимость указать в ст. 43 УК РФ на карательный характер наказания. Отмечается, что придание наказанию карательного характера сыграло положительную роль в практике применения уголовных наказаний. Подчеркивается важное значение талиона, с которого началась эволюция уголовного наказания, связанная с ограничением наказаний по интенсивности, продолжительности и кругу лиц. Делается вывод о том, что указание в уголовном законе на карательный характер уголовного наказания позволить установить критерий, отличающий наказание от иных мер уголовно-правового характера, закрепленных в гл. 15 УК РФ. Подчеркивается, что акцентирование законодателем внимания на карательном характера наказания позволит превратить перечень наказаний, определенный в ст. 44 УК РФ, в систему наказаний, так как появится критерий, измеряющий верхний предел конкретного вида наказания, за который оно не должно переходить, чтобы не перерасти в более суровый вид наказания. Обосновывается влияние карательного характера наказания на реализацию закрепленного в уголовном законе принципа справедливости.

Need to specify in Article 43 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on the retaliatory nature of punishment is proved in article. It is noted that giving to punishment of retaliatory character played a positive role in practice of application of criminal penalties. The importance of a talion with which the evolution of criminal penalty connected with restriction of punishments on intensity, duration and a circle of people began is emphasized. The conclusion that the instruction in the criminal law on the retaliatory nature of criminal penalty to allow to establish the criterion distinguishing punishment from other measures of criminal character enshrined in Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is drawn. It is emphasized that emphasis by the legislator of attention on retaliatory the nature of punishment will allow to turn the list of punishments defined in Article 44 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in the system of punishments as there will be a criterion measuring the top limit of punishment of a concrete type out of which it should not pass not to develop into more severe type of punishment. Influence of retaliatory nature of punishment on realization of the principle of justice enshrined in the criminal law is proved.
MENINGKATKAN NILAI MORAL KEAGAMAAN MELALUI METODE BERSYAIR ISLAMI di KELOMPOK A2 RA AL-MOURKY KECMATAN TELAGA KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Authors: Sahu Fahmi Mahnularha , Indriani
Published: September 2021

Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang telah dilakukan di RA Almourky Kecamatan Telaga Kabupaten Gorontalo didapatkan hasil bahwa nilai moral anak masih kurang optimal terutama antara siswa dengan teman sebayanya dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Dalam permasalahan ini ada beberapa metode yang sudah digunakan dalam pembelajaran yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai moral keagamaan anak salah satunya adalah metode bercerita, bernyanyi dan mengucap syair, meskipun sudah digunakan belum menunjukan nilai moral agama pada anak meningkat secara optimal. Tujuani penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana nilai moral keagamaan dalam bersyair islami. Metode yang di gunakan oleh peneliti yakni metode kulaitatif.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa meningkatkan nilai moral keagamaan melalui metode bersyair islamiproses penerapan metode beryair islami untuk meningkatkan nilai moral keagamaan di RA Al-Mourky pertama dalam pengucapan syair anak ajarkan empat bait terlebih dahulu setelah anak sudah bisa menghafalnya satu bait guru akan mengajarkan bait selanjutnya, adapun faktor penghabatnya yaitu ada anak yang terlambat, pengucapan dan kerjamsa anatara guru dengan orang tua.

Kesimpulannya dari penelitian bahwa sebagain anak sudah menerapkan nilai moral keagamaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Saran sebaiknya guru lebih kreatif dalam merancang kegiatan pembelajaran agar anak tidak merasa bosan saat pemebelajaran berlangsung dan lebih banyak belajar dalam pengucapan syair.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI ORANG TUA TERHADAP PERILAKU ANAK DI SDN 73 KOTA TIMUR KOTA GORONTALO
Authors: Mujianti  , Karmila Iskandar
Published: September 2021

Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah yakni Apakah ada pengaruh komunikasi orang tua terhadap perilaku anak di SDN 73 Kota Timur Kota Gorontalo dan seberapa besar pengaruh komunikasi orang tua terhadap perilaku anak di SDN 73 Kota Timur Kota Gorontalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian  kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisisnya pada data-data numerical (angka) yang diolah dengan menggunakan metode statistika, untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lengkap dan mendalam mengenai Pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua Terhadap Perilaku Anak Di SDN 73 Kota Timur Kota Gorontalo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 176 orang. Selanjutnya pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan  observasi, angket dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan tabel Coefficient maka pada kolom Unstandardized Coefficient, nilai X (Pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua) sebesar 0.911 dan nilai thitungnya sebesar 13.578 Dengan dk (derajat kebebasan)= n-2=40-2=38 dan α=0.05, sehingga diperoleh nilai ttabel=2.024 sehingga nilai thitung>ttabel atau, 13.578>2.024 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, yang berarti koefisen regresi berpengaruh secara signifikan.  Dengan demikian terbukti berdasarkan Uji t bahwa pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua (X) berpengaruh Secara signifikan terhadap perilaku anak (Y) Di SDN 73 Kota Timur Kota Gorontalo. Pada Model summary dapat dilihat nilai R-Squarenya adalah 0.829 yang berarti bahwa pengaruh variabel X (Pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua) terhadap variabel Y (Perilaku Anak) sebesar 82,9%, pengaruh variabel lainnya adalah 17,1% yang merupakan pengaruh dari luar.
MENGEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS MENULIS CERPEN MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR PADA PESERTA DIDIK DI MI AL-MUKHLISIN KECAMATAN TILAMUTA KABUPATEN BOALEMO
Authors: Verawati  , Al Junaid Bakari
Published: September 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis bagaimana mengembangkan kreativitas menulis cerpen melalui media gambar pada peserta didik di MI Al-Mukhlisin. (2) menganalisis apa kendala dalam mengembangkan kreativita menulis cerpen melalui media gambar pada peserta didik di MI Al-Mukhlisin. Dan (3) untuk memberikan solusi dalam mengembangkan kreativitas menulis cerpen melalui media gambar pada peserta didik di MI Al-Mukhlisin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan rancangan lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui: observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa penggunaan metode, model bahkan media gambar merupakan kreativitas pendidik dalam mengembangkan kreativitas peserta didik terutama dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia khususnya menulis cerita pendek.  Kendala dalam mengembangkan kreativitas menulis antara lain: kurangnya kompetensi guru, kurangnya media, dan minimnya buku pelajaran untuk peserta didik.
Developing Geography Curriculum Framework for Promoting Pre-Service Teachers’ Creative Thinking Through Instructional Media Production
Authors: Chumsukon Montha
Published: September 2021

The current study explored the effect of a developed Geography curriculum framework towards promoting pre-service teachers’ creative thinking (CT) across its 4 components namely: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration through instructional media production. A research and development (R&D) model were employed which consisted of 3 phases: Phase 1 involved target group survey using a requirement survey form and administered to participants before the study implementation; Phase 2 involved the creation of curriculum and application of the curriculum contents; Phase 3 was the implementation of the curriculum and a mixed-method type of research was employed. 56 participants, organized into 7 groups with 8 members, have participated in 4 sessions of instructional media production. Data were collected from the participants’ created instructional media task performance aimed at enhancing their creative thinking. Thereafter, a questionnaire on participants’ satisfaction level towards the training as well as interview were conducted after the training was provided. Results revealed that the participants made noteworthy gains as they yielded “high” level on their task performance indicative of an improvement on their CT skills. “Flexibility” and “elaboration” were described as the most and least improved CT components, respectively. Moreover, the participants were most satisfied on the training as most of them revealed that it encouraged them towards effective learning. Additionally, qualitative results reveal participants’ positive experiences towards instructional media production which helped foster their CT skills. Finally, the findings have provided substantial support for the instructional media production to be included in the Geography curriculum as an instructional pedagogical support to enhance students’ creative thinking skills.
L’ensenyament i aprenentatge del català a adults
Authors: Álvarez Verger Joana , Estors Sastre Laura , Pérez i Ventayol Montserrat
Published: September 2021

L’ensenyament del català a adults ha anat canviant en les últimes dècades. S’ha passat d’un alumnat homogeni de persones castellanoparlants provinent d’altres comunitats autònomes de l’Estat espanyol a una realitat d’aula molt diversa quant a procedències, llengües i experiències viscudes dels aprenents. Aquest canvi ha posat de manifest la necessitat de formació del professorat per adaptar-se a aquest nou context i les necessitats lingüístiques d’aquest públic tan heterogeni. Per fer front a aquesta diversitat, s’han implementat diferents pràctiques que afavoreixen que l’alumne esdevingui el centre de l’aprenentatge i aposten per una humanització i personalització de l’educació. Es potencien activitats significatives que permeten crear ponts amb la realitat de l’alumne fora de l’aula i donar resposta als seus objectius específics i interessos. La finalitat és capacitar l’alumne per ser un interlocutor competent en diversos àmbits.
Análisis de la resolución de un problema de cinemática mediante el mapa conceptual híbrido
Authors: Moreno Martínez Nehemías , Hernández Zavala Luis Enrique , Briceño Solís Eduardo Carlos
Published: September 2021

El mapa conceptual híbrido se interpreta a partir de una adaptación a la física escolar de algunos elementos del enfoque ontosemiótico. La interpretación permite analizar la actividad fisicomatemática involucrada en la resolución de un problema físico. Mediante un estudio de caso descriptivo, la interpretación permitió estudiar las prácticas de resolución de un problema de movimiento parabólico realizadas por una profesora y dos de sus estudiantes de física universitarios. La interpretación permite analizar gráficamente la organización y conexión de los objetos fisicomatemáticos, notar algunos procesos involucrados en la resolución del problema y describir de manera más adecuada el operativismo ciego al interpretar la representación de los objetos fisicomatemáticos desde dos perspectivas, cognitiva/epistémica y ostensiva/no ostensiva, en lugar de interpretarla como interna/externa.
comprensión de estudiantes de primer año de universidad del concepto de concentración expresada en gramos por litro
Authors: Raviolo Andrés , Traiman Schroh Nayla , Farré Andrea
Published: September 2021

Se presenta una discusión en torno al aprendizaje del concepto de concentración de disoluciones en general y de concentración expresada en gramos por litro en particular. Distintos enfoques se han tenido en cuenta, incluyendo resultados del campo de la educación matemática. La problemática del aprendizaje del concepto de concentración en g/L no ha sido abordada con anterioridad. Se muestran y discuten los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación a 140 estudiantes argentinos de primer año de universidad, del cuestionario «Razonando con concentración gramos por litro» que indaga las relaciones lógico-matemáticas entre las variables m, V y Cg/L. Se analizan también las respuestas obtenidas en entrevistas, pensando en voz alta, sobre los ítems de este cuestionario realizadas a 18 estudiantes. De los resultados se desprende que más de la mitad de los estudiantes de primer año de universidad no poseen un conocimiento conceptual profundo de concentración en g/L. La principal dificultad yace en tareas de proporcionalidad inversa cuando deben relacionar cualitativamente la masa de soluto (extensiva) y la Cg/L (intensiva) para determinar qué disolución ocupa un menor volumen.
¿Qué naturaleza de la ciencia se presenta en los libros de química para la educación secundariaen América Latina?
Authors: Amador-Rodríguez Rafael , Adúriz-Bravo Agustín
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal caracterizar las concepciones de naturaleza de la ciencia (NOS) que se promueven en libros de química para la educación secundaria de cuatro países latinoamericanos. El enfoque metodológico fue cualitativo y para el análisis se utilizaron como categorías diez aspectos de la actividad científica («tópicos de la filosofía de la ciencia»), modelizados desde cinco corrientes de la filosofía de la ciencia del siglo xx. Los resultados permiten afirmar que las concepciones de NOS en cada libro de texto analizado no provienen de una única corriente epistemológica. Hemos clasificado la NOS que se enseña en los libros de química en tres categorías: positivista, positivista ampliada y ecléctica.
flotabilidad a examen en las aulas de infantil. Evaluación del nivel de guía del docente
Authors: Paños Esther , Martínez Rodenas Paula , Ruiz-Gallardo José Reyes
Published: September 2021

El trabajo analiza las ideas de los escolares de 4-5 años sobre flotabilidad y los aprendizajes generados por dos tipos de intervención que difieren en el nivel de guía: enseñanza receptiva (ER) y ER más instrucción explícita (ERIE). Los participantes tienen, inicialmente, dificultades para conceptualizar la flotabilidad, ideas contradictorias y carencias en la resolución de problemas sobre este fenómeno. Consideran el factor peso como prioritario para que un objeto flote o se hunda. La intervención mejora la capacidad de descripción y de resolver diferentes situaciones sobre flotabilidad, aunque significativamente más en los grupos que siguen una metodología de tipo ERIE. Separados por edad (4 y 5 años), la influencia de la guía es más acusada en los menores. Se concluye que la instrucción explícita en la enseñanza de fenómenos científicos debe considerarse a la hora de programar las actividades.
Institutional sheltering through the child’s perspective
Authors: Furtado Monalisa Pereira , Magalhães Celina Maria Colino , Silva Agnes de Maria Júnior da , Santos Juliana Oliveira dos
Published: September 2021

The current multiple case study was performed in the context of institutional sheltering, it aimed at identifying the perception children have about the sheltering process. Four children that were sheltered in a state shelter located in the north region of Brazil participated in this study. For the data collection were used: questionnaires for social demographic characterization, semi structured interview, drawings, and field diary. The main results indicated: 1) the children are aware of where they are and the reason for sheltering; 2) They report understanding the leisure and basic care activities as positive points of the institution; 3) as negative aspects they highlight the aggressiveness among the children, and the absence of family members. The current study presents the possibility to establish dialog with the children, taking their opinions into consideration, for they are capable of understanding and giving insight about their own situation.
The position of private residential buildings taken on the state administration in the period of the Polish People's Republic
Authors: Federczyk Wojciech
Published: September 2021

One of the consequences of systemic changes that took place in Poland after the Second World
War was the introduction of an administrative form of access to residential premises, regardless
of who owned them. It should be remembered that in the communist system, state or common
ownership was of paramount importance, and private ownership was barely tolerated. Many
private residential buildings were therefore taken over by the state administration without
formal deprivation of property. The subject of this article is a legal analysis and indication
of legal and factual consequences for private buildings that have been taken over by the state
administration. For, despite the passage of 25 years from the abolition of administrative law-
-related rules on the lease of premises, and the possibility of residential buildings on the state
administration being taken over, there remains a situation in with municipalities manage many
private buildings.
Gloss to the Decision of the Supreme Administrative Court of 2 August 2019 I OSK 1650/19, Lex no. 2703804
Authors: Dalkowska Anna
Published: September 2021

Postanowienie NSA z 2 sierpnia 2019 r., mimo że de facto dotyczy kwestii dopuszczalności skargi na bezczynność organu na etapie czynności sprawdzających, to w rzeczywistości stanowi ważny i pierwszy w dotychczasowym dorobku orzeczniczym Nsa głos w dyskusji na temat charakteru prawnego czynności sprawdzających podejmowanych i prowadzonych przez komisję na podstawie art. 15 ustawy o komisji. pośrednio dotyczy zatem ważnej z punktu widzenia interesów właścicieli i ewentualnych osób trzecich kwestii związanych z obrotem cywilnoprawnym, zwłaszcza w kontekście skutków wpisu ostrzeżenia o czynnościach sprawdzających. przyjmując trafność stanowiska Nsa w zakresie braku podmiotów, których interesu prawnego mogą dotyczyć czynności sprawdzające, należy w konkluzji stwierdzić, że dokonane zabezpieczenie w żaden sposób nie wpływa na ograniczenie prawa własności, zgodnie z art. 24a ust. 3 ustawy o komisji nie wyłącza bowiem rękojmi wiary publicznej ksiąg wieczystych.
CRYPTOCURRENCIES IN THE POLISH LEGAL SYSTEM – BASIC PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Mincewicz Wojciech
Published: September 2021

The article presents a sketch of the most important legal and normative problems and challenges that are directly related to the emergence and development of cryptocurrencies. The case study is Poland, where in the first phase of existence, Bitcoin and other altcoins were considered property rights. Since 2018, under the Act on counteracting money laundering and terrorist financing, thanks to the unification of European Union law, they are classified as virtual currencies. The challenges identified in the course of the analysis that must be addressed include: the problem of creating an effective regulatory framework for the functioning of cryptocurrencies and placing them in the legal system; the problem of regulating relations with state institutions as monopolists in the field of finance and the worldwide trend of abandoning cash in favor of electronic payments and the formation of a cashless society
INCREASED FOOD COSTS AS A COMPONENT OF COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE TO HEALTH – COMMENTS ON COURT RULINGS. MATERIAL LAW’S AND PROCEDURAL LAW’S ISSUES
Authors: Partyk Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

This article concerns on presenting the issue of the admissibility of obtaining reimbursement of food expenses incurred by victims during their convalescence as part of their claim for compensation. The purpose of the research was to answer the question whether, in the light of the achievements of the court’s jurisprudence to date, the compensation due to persons who have suffered damage to their health may include their food expenses during the period of their recovery. The research is based on a dogmatic method, an examination of the current legal status and an analysis of selected court rulings made in compensation cases, in which the injured parties covered with compensation claims the expenses incurred for food costs. The research methods indicated are supplemented by a review of statements made by representatives of the legal science on the subject. The jurisprudence practice of the judiciary in the matter of covering the compensation granted to persons who have suffered damage to their health for the cost of meals during their convalescence is uneven and no universally applicable model of resolving such claims has been developed. The assessment of the jurisprudence in cases of this type leads to the conclusion that in court practice, the possibility of including food expenses in the awarded compensation benefits for the injured party depends on the specific circumstances of a given case, as well as on the parties to the proceedings demonstrating appropriate evidence initiative
MAKING AN IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION TO A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Authors: Kubica Jędrzej
Published: September 2021

In this article, the author focuses on the issue of making an in-kind contribution to a limited liability company – both at the time of the company establishment and in the procedure of increasing the share capital. For this purpose, the author reviews the doctrine and judicature positions relating to the concept of contribution capacity and looks for answers to the question whether the limited liability company agreement and the declaration of taking up shares have the binding and disposing effect referred to in art. 155 and art. 510 of the Civil Code, and therefore whether it is necessary to conclude a separate agreement for the transfer of the subject of the contribution to the company for the effective transfer of the in-kind contribution. In his considerations, the author draws attention to the practical dimension of applying the provisions from the point of view of the work of a notary
Jogando para Aprender: Uma Pesquisa sobre a Influência do Jogo Black Stories nas Habilidades e Competências de Estudantes de Engenharia de Requisitos
Authors: Lima Jorge Girão Limaverde , Ferreira Andressa Bezerra
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa busca aplicar o jogo Black Stories com estudantes de Engenharia de Software, com o intuito de investigar se o mesmo contribui ou não para o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de habilidades consideradas essenciais em bons analistas de requisitos.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/lL64QwZerqI
Explorando o Pensamento Computacional em Salas de Aulas de Ciências
Authors: Moura Ruallyson , Santos Fernando , Sousa Adrielle , Silva José Alexandre , França Rozelma Soares
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho surgiu no PIBID Computação da UFRPE a partir de sua atuação na Escola Técnica Estadual Porto Digital (ETEPD), onde foram identificados problemas de aprendizagem de estudantes do ensino médio em disciplinas como Física e Química. A partir disso, idealizou-se ações visando apoiar essas dificuldades por meio da exploração da natureza interdisciplinar do pensamento computacional e utilizando-se simuladores e artefatos robóticos nessas práticas.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/Wy9_sT-xxUo
Elas na Computação: Decifrando Códigos e Expressando Ideias Críticas e Criativas na Escola
Authors: Alcântara Keila Paula de , Silva Laura Gabrielle de Lira , Souza Maiara , Silva José Alexandre , França Rozelma Soares de
Published: September 2021

O presente projeto surge de uma iniciativa do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) Computação da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), atuante na Escola Técnica Estadual Porto Digital (ETEPD). Tem como objetivo trabalhar com estudantes do ensino médio da escola a atuação das mulheres na computação; algo que se mostra necessário, dada a baixa presença desse público em carreiras tecnológicas.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/Lcsd6vzVbjY
Impact of Sugar on Vision
Authors: Ogbonna Grace , Ehigbo Rosemary , Hannah Ogbonna
Published: September 2021

Sugar forms an integral part of the human body, and contributes to normal body function. However, sugar in high quantities can be detrimental to the body especially to the eye. In the normal concentration, sugar in the form of glucose is found in the aqueous humour, and tears, and serves to provide nourishment to the avascular cornea, and lens respectively. Sugar at this stage may also be used to determine the post mortem interval of a cadaver. However, when in excess as may be seen in patients with diabetes, sugar can cause oxidative stress to the cornea, lens, and retina resulting in cornea oedema, cataract, retinal aneurysm which can contribute significantly to the prevalence of low vision, and vision impairment.
Averaging Indoor Localization System
Authors: Shawky Abd El-Fattah Amer Eman
Published: September 2021

This chapter aims at improving the accuracy of estimation the localization by using the RSS method to estimate the positions and take into account the effects of both LOS propagation. The proposed system is depending on developing a mathematical model for the noisy VLC positioning system. For improving the results, adopting the KF is combined with the proposed system, which is considered an optimal estimator. The performance of the proposed technique is determined by evaluating the positioning errors in a typical room. Also this chapter develops the accuracy of the positioning system by using different ideas with average techniques. The discussion of the results for averaging technique is displayed.
Artificial Intelligence and Its Application in Optimization under Uncertainty
Authors: Sadeghi Saeid , Amiri Maghsoud , Mansoori Mooseloo Farzaneh
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, the increase in data acquisition and availability and complexity around optimization make it imperative to jointly use artificial intelligence (AI) and optimization for devising data-driven and intelligent decision support systems (DSS). A DSS can be successful if large amounts of interactive data proceed fast and robustly and extract useful information and knowledge to help decision-making. In this context, the data-driven approach has gained prominence due to its provision of insights for decision-making and easy implementation. The data-driven approach can discover various database patterns without relying on prior knowledge while also handling flexible objectives and multiple scenarios. This chapter reviews recent advances in data-driven optimization, highlighting the promise of data-driven optimization that integrates mathematical programming and machine learning (ML) for decision-making under uncertainty and identifies potential research opportunities. This chapter provides guidelines and implications for researchers, managers, and practitioners in operations research who want to advance their decision-making capabilities under uncertainty concerning data-driven optimization. Then, a comprehensive review and classification of the relevant publications on the data-driven stochastic program, data-driven robust optimization, and data-driven chance-constrained are presented. This chapter also identifies fertile avenues for future research that focus on deep-data-driven optimization, deep data-driven models, as well as online learning-based data-driven optimization. Perspectives on reinforcement learning (RL)-based data-driven optimization and deep RL for solving NP-hard problems are discussed. We investigate the application of data-driven optimization in different case studies to demonstrate improvements in operational performance over conventional optimization methodology. Finally, some managerial implications and some future directions are provided.
Salinity Stress in Maize: Effects of Stress and Recent Developments of Tolerance for Improvement
Authors: EL Sabagh Ayman , Çiğ Fatih , Seydoşoğlu Seyithan , Leonardo Battaglia Martin , Javed Talha , Aamir Iqbal Muhammad , Mubeen Muhammad , Ali Musaddiq , Ali Mazhar , Bengisu Gülşah , Konuşkan Ömer , Barutcular Celaleddin , Erman Murat , Açikbaş Semih , Hossain Akbar , Sohidul Islam Mohammad , Wasaya Allah , Ratnasekera Disna , Arif Muhammad , Ahmad Zahoor , Awad Mahrous
Published: September 2021

Soil salinity has emerged as a global threat to sustainability of farming systems by deteriorating the quality and productivity of crops particularly in the coastal regions of the world. Although, as a C4 plant, maize (Zea mays L.) has ability to tolerate a medium level of salinity; but initial growth stages of maize are sensitive to salinity stress. Therefore, it is crucial to expand our understanding pertaining to maize response to salt stress and tolerance mechanisms for devising approaches to enhance maize adaptability in saline environments. Moreover, maize crop undergoes several physiological changes and adapts some mechanism to overcome the salinity stress. Different mitigation strategies like application of chemicals, plant growth-promoting hormones, and use of genetic and molecular techniques are used to manage salinity and may ensure crop productivity under changing climate. This chapter aimed to assess the recent advancement pertaining to salinity stress influence on the physio-biochemical processes in maize and to draw the relationship between yield components and salinity stress. In addition, current study also highlights research gaps by focusing the seed enhancement techniques, phytohormones exogenous application and genetic improvement of maize under soil salinity.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Revisiting the Hydrodynamics of the Brain
Authors: Hakim Fernando , Jaramillo-Velásquez Daniel , González Martina , F. Gómez Diego , F. Ramón Juan , Serrano-Pinzón Mateo
Published: September 2021

Normal pressure hydrocephalus syndrome is the most common form of hydrocephalus in the elderly and produces a dementia which can be reversible surgically. It is characterized by ventriculomegaly and the classic triad of symmetric gait disturbance, cognitive decline and urinary incontinence, also known as Hakim’s triad. To date, the exact etiology of the disease has not been elucidated and the only effective treatment is a cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedure which can be a ventriculoatrial, ventriculoperitoneal or lumboperitoneal shunt. The most important problem is the high rate of underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis due to similarities in symptoms with other neurodegenerative disorders, and in some cases, coexistence. Hence, increasing awareness amongst the community and medical professionals in order to increase clinical suspicion, timely diagnosis and treatment are paramount. The best way to achieve this is by having a structured protocol with patient-centered tests that evaluates the entire myriad of alterations a clinician might encounter whenever treating patients with this disorder. Recent advances in imaging technology as well as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have given interesting insight into the pathophysiology of the disease and will certainly contribute greatly in diagnostic advancements. We finally present an institutional protocol which has been accredited by international peers with promising results in diagnostic and outcome rates.
Power-Assisted Liposuction Mammaplasty (PALM): A Short Scar Mammaplasty in Gigantomastia
Authors: Abboud Nicolas , Abboud Marwan
Published: September 2021

Breast reduction has been widely studied throughout the years, with different types of resection and breast reshaping techniques being described based on one or two pedicles. This chapter introduces the combination of parenchymal resection and liposuction to treat Gigantomastia, leaving a short scar. Liposuction improves breast remodeling, whereas breast glandular resection and repositioning enhances the upper pole fullness. The Power-Assisted Liposuction Mammaplasty (P.A.L.M.) technique is a safe and reliable procedure, insuring an optimal vascularization to the breast through the preservation of the central, superior and lateral pedicle, thus reducing the complication rate. In this chapiter we emphasize the importance of the preoperative markings, considered as essential for optimal results.
Baronnies Provençales Regional Nature Park Pilot Action Region: The Benefit of Large-Scale Rockfall Modelling for Developing Efficient Forest-Based Integrative Management of an Alpine Territory
Authors: Berger Frédéric , Einhorn Benjamin , Jarjaye Jessica , Toe David , Barré Jean-Baptiste , Dupire Sylvain
Published: September 2021

The choice of a natural risk prevention strategy must be considered at the scale of a territory in order to take into account all its components. Since 2015, France has developed integrated natural risk management (INRM) approaches in Alpine territories. The challenge of INRM lies in the definition and implementation of innovative projects for initiating synergies with respect to natural risks while seeking to increase resilience through the new and different involvement of the territorial actors. The Baronnies Provençales Regional Nature Park is one of the pilot territories for the operational implementation of this approach, with a particular focus on forest-based solutions. For this reason it has been chosen as the French Pilot Action Region (PAR) of the Interreg Alpine Space project GreenRisk4Alps. In this article we present an example of good practice related to the benefit of large-scale rockfall risk modeling, the analysis of potential cascading effects and the added value of a territorial perspective.
Gries am Brenner/Vals Pilot Action Region: The Tyrolean Ski Tour Steering Concept - A Contribution to the Protection of Wildlife and Object Protective Forests
Authors: Plörer Matthias , Stöhr Dieter
Published: September 2021

When people engage in recreational activities in sensitive forest habitats, there can be unintended negative impacts on wildlife and forests. These include disturbance and displacement of wild game as well as damage to young plants (tree seedlings and saplings from ski or snowshoe compaction or direct physical damage from ski edges). These are just a few examples that highlight the need to manage the impact of recreationists with different measures in order to minimize the disturbance of game (especially red deer and roe deer) and the impairment of important object protective forests that this in turn causes. In Section 2 of this chapter, we describe the tourism, population, settlement area, economy, forestry and natural hazards in the GreenRisk4Alps Pilot Action Region (PAR) of Gries am Brenner and Vals in Tyrol, Austria. Section 3 provides an overview of the overarching initiative and integration forum, “Tyrolian mountains – experience together”, which was initiated by the Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung (Office of the Tyrolean Provincial Government). We then provide a description of the exact workflow, the possible measures and other details on ski tour steering options. Ski tour steering measures in the Gries am Brenner and Vals PAR can be found in Section 3.4, followed by a critical review of the experiences in Section 4.
Kranjska Gora Pilot Action Region: Environmentally-Friendly Construction of the Planica Nordic Centre
Authors: Beguš Jurij , Mertelj Janez , Škrjanec Samo
Published: September 2021

The Municipality of Kranjska Gora was chosen as a Pilot Action Region (PAR) due to its location in the Slovenian Alpine area, its extensive forest cover and its important role in tourism and sport activities. As an example of best practice in the implementation of ecosystem-based risk management, the environmentally-friendly construction of the new Nordic center in the Planica Valley is presented, with an emphasis on the role of various stakeholders in the fields of forestry, environmental protection and natural hazard management. The article also presents the forest and forestry in Slovenia and in the PAR, as well as the role of protective forests and other forest functions.
Oberammergau Pilot Action Region: Mountain Forest Initiative (BWO)
Authors: Eisele Helena , Schreiber Roland , Stöger Anne
Published: September 2021

Natural hazards caused by climate change pose a permanent threat to the inhabitants of the Alpine Space. In addition to technical protection measures, forests are very often the key to permanent and cost-effective protection against these hazards. In the Mountain Forest initiative (BWO) of the Bavarian state government, launched more than 10 years ago, suitable measures for the preservation of protective forest are discussed and, if possible, decided by consensus in on-site round tables with all involved interest groups. Only a functioning interaction between the different actors in the Alpine Space will contribute towards the set objective of integrating forests and ecosystem services in risk governance and balancing the numerous interests, demands and costs. Using the example of the Oberammergau Pilot Action Region (PAR), the process and implementation of the BWO is presented against a background of more than 10 years of experience. At the beginning, the identification of stakeholders and the overall goal and expectations of the participatory process (technical issues, trust and community building) is clarified. After a detailed actor analysis, the moderated participatory process is described.
Sino-Nasal Changes Associated with Midfacial Expansion: An Overview
Authors: Dave Singh G.
Published: September 2021

The concept of palatal expansion can be viewed as an anachronism since the delivery and scope of this clinical technique has changed dramatically over the past few decades. Indeed, since the palatal complex does not exist in isolation, clinicians ought to be cognizant of how palatal expansion affects contiguous midfacial structures. Because of this structural arrangement, surgical and non-surgical palatal expansion can have clinical consequences on the dentoalveolar structures, which are dependent on bony remodeling of the maxillo-palatine complex. In addition, it can also be suggested that morphologic alterations of the maxillary air sinus might lead to functional and clinical improvements of inflammatory changes associated with rhinosinusitis. Furthermore, enhancements in the nasal airway could affect a host of other conditions, including nasal breathing and obstructive sleep apnea, etc. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to review the effects of midfacial expansion techniques on contiguous structures, including the paranasal sinuses.
The Second Life of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Batteries Methodology of Implementation in Ecuador
Authors: Fernández Palomeque Efrén , Rojas Hiedra Diego , Cordero Daniel , Espinoza Martín
Published: September 2021

Hybrid car sales in Ecuador in the last 10 years are very promising. The presence of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) in the country generates an increase in nickel metal hydride batteries used (NiHm), these batteries do not follow an adequate recycling and disposal process. Several studies show that these batteries have energy levels and that they can be reused in other applications outside of the car as a power supply. This option of using recovered batteries is known as the second life of the battery (SLB). The reuse of batteries generates options to supply power on a large scale and with this reduce the pollution that these batteries can generate, especially in our country that does not have an optimal recycling process. This chapter presents the design of a methodology for the implementation of second life in Ecuador considering the use of NiHm batteries in HEV. For the design of the methodology, two possible scenarios for its implementation are analyzed. Scenario 1 is the use of NiHm batteries to supply energy to laboratories of a University in the city of Cuenca and scenario 2 shows the use of NiHm batteries as an additional energy source at the Airport of Santa Cruz present in the Galapagos Islands.
Robotic Liver Surgery
Authors: Alam Mushfique , Young Robert , Diaz-Nieto Rafael
Published: September 2021

Minimally invasive surgery has experienced a significant expansion in the last decades. Robotic surgery has evolved in parallel to traditional laparoscopic surgery offering additional technical advantages. Some specific aspect of Hepatobiliary Surgery led to a limited implementation of minimally invasive liver surgery in the early years of laparoscopic surgery whilst we are experiencing an exponential increase in the use of minimally invasive approaches to this type of intervention. In this chapter we describe the key aspect of robotic liver surgery with a meticulous description of the supporting evidence, its limitation and future perspectives.
High Power Very Low Voltage Electric Motor for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Matt Daniel , Boubaker Nadhem , Aitakkache Mourad , Enrici Philippe , Huselstein Jean-Jacques , Martire Thierry
Published: September 2021

Electric vehicles are often designed in the same way as their conventional counterparts based on the internal combustion engine, they are heavy machines for comfort and safety reasons, and increasingly powerful. Under these conditions, in order to simplify the motor electrical supply system by reducing the current levels, the voltage chosen for the battery is very high and can go up to 700 V. However, for many applications where the power is relatively low (< 30 kW per motor), it can be more beneficial to size the system at very low voltage (< 60 V). This approach allows to overcome many constraining safety requirements and also to use off-the-shelf components (motor controllers, connectors, etc.) that are more easily available on the market in this voltage range. There are also many regulatory provisions that may require to stay within this voltage limit. This article presents a variety of very low voltage motorisation solutions with a required power up to 100kW. They use two complementary approaches. The first is to implement an original permanent magnet synchronous machine technology with an optimised armature winding for low voltage operation. The second is based on power splitting where the electrical machine being designed to be driven by multiple controllers. Many examples of low-voltage motorised vehicles (sporty vehicle, tractor, re-motorised automobile, etc.) are illustrated in this article.
Adverse Impact of Heat Stress on Bovine Development: Causes and Strategies for Mitigation
Authors: Gokhale Golden , Dutt Sharma Guru
Published: September 2021

Heat stress induces the richness and reproductive domesticated animal’s performance by settling the physiology conceptive steps, through hormonal irregularity, diminished oocyte quality and feeble semen quality, and diminished undeveloped organism advancement and endurance. It depends on principally milk production, nutrition, disease management, sexual activities, and heat stress tolerance capacity in livestock farming. The decreases infertility caused by elevated blood heat influences sex gland regulation, oestrus regulation, and gametocyte disturbance and also affects embryonic development. Heat stress reduces the degree of dominance of the seminal vesicles and this may be observed as reduced steroidogenic capability of its theca and granulose cells as fall in blood oestrogen concentrations. Plasma progestin levels are also diminished counting on whether or not the heat stress is acute and on the metabolic state of the animal. The endocrine changes the cyst activities and alters the ovulatory mechanism leading to a decrease in gametocyte and embryo quality. Summer infertility may be countered through oestrus behaviour can be mitigated by with the help of implementation of ovulation phase treatments to limited period of embryonic transfer and also advanced reproductive technologies involving hormonal treatments, systematic artificial insemination and which may enhance the possibility of establishing pregnancy in domestic animals.
Augmented Reality Research and Applications in Education
Authors: Pelin Yildiz Ezgi
Published: September 2021

Augmented reality is defined as the technology in which virtual objects are blended with the real world and also interact with each other. Although augmented reality applications are used in many areas, the most important of these areas is the field of education. AR technology allows the combination of real objects and virtual information in order to increase students’ interaction with physical environments and facilitate their learning. Developing technology enables students to learn complex topics in a fun and easy way through virtual reality devices. Students interact with objects in the virtual environment and can learn more about it. For example; by organizing digital tours to a museum or zoo in a completely different country, lessons can be taught in the company of a teacher as if they were there at that moment. In the light of all these, this study is a compilation study. In this context, augmented reality technologies were introduced and attention was drawn to their use in different fields of education with their examples. As a suggestion at the end of the study, it was emphasized that the prepared sections should be carefully read by the educators and put into practice in their lessons. In addition it was also pointed out that it should be preferred in order to communicate effectively with students by interacting in real time, especially during the pandemic process.