bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Research Progress of TiB2 Impacts on the Refining Effect of Al-Ti-B Master Alloy
Authors: Mi Li , Wang Jun Jun , Hu Zhi Liu
Published: July 2014

Al-Ti-B master alloy is the most widely used grain refiner in the aluminum fabrication industry, while it’s refinement mechanism is not clearly understand yet. The TiB2 in Al-Ti-B master alloy is one of important phase to grain refining, which intimately related to the generation of initial nucleus, the “fading” phenomenon of refining effect declines with the increase of holding or standing time in grain refining process. Besides, TiB2 is analyzed in several studies about the “poisoning” phenomenon, a large extent weaken of refining effect when Zr, Cr, Mn etc. exists. In this article, the impact of TiB2 to the refining effect of Al-Ti-B master alloy is discussed aiming at the roles and phenomenon mentions above.
Research Progress on the Aluminum Alloy with High Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Huang Ya Ying , Hu Zhi Liu , Wang Jun Jun
Published: July 2014

The thermal conductivity mechanism of aluminum alloy is introduced briefly. And the factors influencing the thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy is summarized. The measures such as controlling composition, adding rare earth, technology for heating processing to improve the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy are analyzed. Research status of the thermal conductivity mechanism of aluminum alloy in domestic and overseas are summarized. The developing situation and future development prospects were given as well.
FEM Analyses of the TOFD Technique in Unequal Thickness Component
Authors: Dai Xiang , Lu Chao , Zheng Ming Fang
Published: July 2014

The time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique is a new ultrasonic nondestructive testing method. It utilize the longitudinal diffraction signal that generated from the defects, we can confirm whether there is a discontinuity in butt weld by the analysis of diffracted waves. This detection method has wide application prospects and detect flaws with high precision of localization and quantification. In this paper, two-dimensional numerical simulation of ultrasonic TOFD technique is carried out on unequal thickness butt weld of Drum Cylinder and Spherical Head, the propagation characteristics and laws of ultrasonic wave in unequal thickness component are analyzed by using finite element software ABAQUS. The simulation results show that the ABAQUS software can effectively simulate ultrasonic TOFD technique in such pressure vessel component, so the application range of ultrasonic TOFD technique will be extended.
A Device for the Study of Material Parameters on Bauschinger Effect by Cyclic Bending Tests
Authors: Lan Jian , Dai Wei , Gao Hao
Published: July 2014

A new device to measure the material parameters of Baushinger effect from cyclic bending tests, along with its associated test procedure is presented. This new apparatus is designed to get a large range of stains obtained from part geometry directly. The parameter identification is defined by an optimization algorithm with multiple objective iteration function for variance method. The experiment method, design procedure is documented, along with experimental procedure supporting our conclusions.
Mechanical Robot Vision Image Segmentation Using Chaos-Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Liu Hai Bo , Zhang Su Yan , Wang Yu Mei
Published: July 2014

The image segmentation of a robot binocular stereo vision system is the key issue in imaging processing. In this paper, the method of 2-D maximum entropy threshold image segmentation with chaos-particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to segment the images information collected by a robot vision system, and the algorithm is checked by a real robot binocular stereo vision system. The results show that more space information of an image is sufficiently used by the above method, and the running time is shortened by the algorithm. In addition, the image segmentation effect is better than other conventional methods.
Solutions for Axisymmetric Problems of Layered Generalized Gibson Subgrade
Authors: Jin Jian Ming
Published: July 2014

This article presents the solutions for displacements and stress of layered generalized Gibson subgrade subjected to an axisymmetric surface load. We assume that the material has constant Poisson’s ratios (μ=0.5), and its shear moduli varies linearly with depth. During the solutions, the Hankel transform in a cylindrical co-ordinate system is employed. The relationship between the solution and half-space solution is also examined and discussed. At last, the analysis flow is presented .
The Recent Advance of Unmanned Quadrocopter
Authors: Liu Xiao Yu , Liu Ming Zhe , Tuo Xian Guo , Wang Jun
Published: July 2014

In recent years, with the rapid development of micro electro mechanical system and DSP in high operation speed and low power consumption and high polymer lithium battery, all this creates the conditions for the development of micro unmanned aerial vehicles. UAVs possess the advantages of simple structure, flexible flight, the capability of vertical takeoff and landing, great passing ability, better carrying capacity, and so on. They can be used widely in various fields such as disaster emergency and rescue, urban mapping, outdoors exploration. The unmanned quadrocopter aroused interest among those scholars for itspotential application prospect and value in use. This paper briefly summarizes the history of application and development of the unmanned quadrocopter, and reviews the new algorithm and progress in the study of the unmanned quadrocopter and application of the unmanned quadrocopter at home and abroad.
The Dynamic Response Analysis of the Multi-Body System with Floating Base Based on the ADAMS
Authors: Du Nei Juan , Shen Yue Guo , Zhang Jun Hai
Published: July 2014

The dynamic response analysis of the multi-body system with floating base includes the interaction between bodies and flow field as well as the one inside the multi-body system, which needs to use both the time-domain theory about the interaction between the object and the flow field and the method of multi-body system dynamics. With the growing complexity of the upper body, the multi-body system with floating base, whose generalized modeling and analysis become an inevitable trend.Using ADAMS(Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical System) for multi-body system dynamics analysis has unique advantages. It integrates modeling, solving and visualization technology. It also can realize automatically statics, kinematics and dynamics analysis. In this paper, the feasibility of ADAMS software and some related key issues are discussed, including the system architecture, fluid force analysis, fluid-structure coupling calculation module and ADAMS multi-body dynamics analysis module of data generation and transmission, etc.
Design and Modeling of a Novel Double-Piston Magnetorheological Damper
Authors: Wang Qiang , Chen Zhao Bo , Ahmadian Mehdi , Liu Wen Tao
Published: July 2014

In order to develop a compact and lightweight controllable damper for space truss structures vibration suppression, a novel double-piston magnetorheological (MR) damper is proposed. Working principle of this damper has been analyzed. One prototype damper have been designed and fabricated according to the analysis results. A series of experiments have been performed to get this prototype damper's dynamical properties. Hyperbolic tangent model have been used to describe damper's nonlinear hysteresis. After model optimization using the nonlinear least squares method, the relationship between damper force and drive currents have been acquired under different excitation conditions. Comparison between the reconstructed results and testing data indicates that the optimized model shows enough accuracy to not only present the experimental data, but also forecast the hysteretic properties of this damper.
A Finite Volume Model for the Simulation of Currents in Closure Gap
Authors: Huang Tai Kun , Wang Yuan Zhan , Li Shao Wu , Zheng Ting Ting , Lian Li Hu
Published: July 2014

A mathematical model to study currents in closure gap of a large coastal reclamation project was developed and solved by finite volume method basing on the strict quantity conservation characters. The unstructured triangular meshes were used to meet the complex boundaries and the local mesh refinement approach was adopted near the closure gap area so as to guarantee the requirements of veracity and computational precision. The flow field distribution and the maximum flow velocity were analyzed under different closure gap width in the tidal currents and the appropriate closure gap width was determined. It was indicated that combining the closure gap and overflow was necessary for the closure construction in offshore dyke engineering. The scheme from the simulation had been successfully applied in closure gap construction. The approach could be applied for power flow analysis to determinate the scheme for closure construction of larger areas in the reclamation project.
Airport Taxiway Head-On Conflict Prediction and Avoidance in A-SMGCS
Authors: Zhu Xin Ping , Lu Na
Published: July 2014

The closed loop control architecture based on event feedback was proposed for airport taxiway head-on conflict prediction and avoidance in A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System). Firstly, resource-oriented controlled colored Petri net was proposed and used to model taxiway operation process. Secondly, the controlled taxiing segment concept was proposed, and rules for generating corresponding sub-model were provided. And then, using cycles and cycle chains contained in the sub-model, the sufficient and necessary condition for head-on conflict-free operation of taxiway was provided. The corresponding avoidance control strategies and algorithm for head-on conflict control were proposed. Finally, the example demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The Modification of Digital Current Following Control Approach of Buck DC-DC Converter
Authors: Cheng Hong Li , Jia Long Fei
Published: July 2014

Current following control Buck DC-DC converter has such advantages as simple control strategy and fast response speed, in this paper, based on the existing control strategy, a detailed research is gave and a mathematical model is established to load sudden change. This improves the existing control strategy. The modified control strategies which can be divided into steady state control strategy and load change control strategy. By Simulation, the results shows that the proposed control strategy is feasible. Ensuring accuracy of output voltage while steady state, the modified control strategy obviously improves the dynamic performances, also shorter recovery time under the condition of the existing hardware parameters.
Similar Structure Algorithm for Solving Boundary Value Problem of Differential Equations
Authors: Bai Li Xia , Li Shun Chu , Gui Dong Dong , Fan Cong Yin , Dong Xiao Xu , Zhou Bin
Published: July 2014

Based on the similar structure theory, we conduct rigorous mathematical derivation and proof for the boundary value problem of a class of differential equation . We put forward a new algorithm------Similar Structure Algorithm to solve such boundary value problems. The similar structure algorithm only includes arithmetic and logical operation, hence it can be oriented towards computer. According to the similar structure algorithm, an example is given to conduct a simulation experiment by the application of computer software at the end of the paper. And we also observe and analysis the variational laws of the laboratory result by changing the coefficient of the boundary condition.
A Structural Reliability Analysis Approach for Uncertain Structures via a PSO-DE Hybrid Algorithm
Authors: Jong Chan Hyok , Meng Guang Wei , Li Feng , Zhou Li Ming , Hao Yan , Kong Yong Su
Published: July 2014

A structural reliability analysis approach for uncertain structures based on a PSO-DE hybrid algorithm was proposed. In order to analyze the structural non-probabilistic reliability for structures with uncertain parameters, an optimization problem by using the convex model and the penalty function method was formulated. For better convergence speed and precision, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the differential evolution (DE) algorithm were combined to solve the structural reliability optimization problem, this PSO-DE hybrid algorithm was based on the evolution of the cognitive experience. The numerical examples were presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed structural reliability analysis method.
Multiscale Mutual Mode Entropy Based Coupling Analysis of Alpha Rhythm Electroencephalogram
Authors: Ji Ning , Tan Jun , Pei An Shan , Dai Jia Fei , Wang Jun
Published: July 2014

This paper presents the Multiscale Mutual Mode Entropy algorithm to quantify the coupling degree between two alpha rhythm EEG time series which are simultaneously acquired. The results show that in the process of scale change, the young and middle-aged differ from each other in terms of the coupling degree of alpha rhythm EEG and the difference grow clear gradually. So the Multiscale Mutual Mode Entropy can be used to analyze the coupling information of time series under different physiological status, and it also has good noise resistance. Besides, as an indicator of measuring brain function, in the future it can also come to the aid of clinical evaluation of brain function.
Research on an Anonymous Authentication Scheme Based on ECC for Electronic Report Systems
Authors: Zhou Mei Rong , Jiang Zheng Tao , Yang Chen
Published: July 2014

This paper proposes a secure prosecution program after analysis and study on the defects of current network report systems in their report modes and protection on prosecutors’ privacy. The program can not only achieve better anonymity for prosecutors but also can track malicious prosecutors. This paper improved the efficiency of existing algorithms for privacy, and realized various functions for the prosecution system to ensure anonymity, non-repudiation, traceability and other safety indicators.
Failure Mechanism of an Idealized Layered Rock Slope Subjected to Seismic Loads
Authors: Liu Ya Qun , Li Hai Bo , Xia Xiang , Liu Bo , Pei Qi Tao
Published: July 2014

The dynamic response of an idealized layered rock slope with a single joint subjected to seismic loads is investigated using the three dimensional distinct element code in the present study. Based on the numerical modeling, the variations of the stresses of the blocks close to the joint and the deformation of the joint are discussed, and the progressive failure mechanism of the slope is analyzed. It is found that, with the increasing excitations, the tensile stresses and the areas of tension zones in the upper part of the slope near the joint have increased gradually. In addition, the normal displacement at the upper part of the joint also becomes larger and larger, which leads to the gradual split of the upper part of joint. Hence the contact area for blocks at both sides of the joint has decreased, which gradually results in the decrease of the cohesion of the joint. When the induced shear stress for the joint under the applied excitations exceeds its shear strength, the potential sliding blocks will slip along the joint. The results in this paper may provide references for the study on failure mechanism of complicated layered rock slopes subjected to dynamic loads.
Determination of Mechanical Properties of Notched Weft Knitted Glass Fiber in Variable Thickness Composites
Authors: Elanchezhian C. , Ramnath B. Vijaya , Kumar K. Praveen , Saikeerthi S.P. , Kumar M. Sathish
Published: July 2014

In this paper, mechanical properties of notched weft-knitted glass fiber stiffness and strength of knitted composite plates were determined. The knitted fabric composite plates was fabricated for various thickness by using 360 grams per m2 glass fiber woven mat with the 10: 1 ratio of LY 556 epoxy resin and HY 951 hardener. Thickness of plates 7, 12 and 13.5mm consists of 22, 41 and 49 layers. However, to date, no comparative study has been made to evaluate the suitability of different modeling schemes to predict the stiffness and strength properties of knitted fabric composites. Further, a comparative study of tensile and compression test is carried out based on a plain weft knitted glass fiber reinforced composites. The compression test having the ultimate stress of maximum at 12 mm thick plate and tensile test the ultimate stress was maximum at 13.5 mm thick plate.Specimens were prepared for two configurations CWC and WCW. The stiffness and strength data is plotted with respect to load vs. displacement curves. Mechanical properties of variable thickness glass fiber composites stiffness and strength depends on the material size as well as thickness of the plate. The test result in stiffness and strength is predicted by using the experimental data.
Analytic Studies on the Computer Aided Design and Analaysis of Hydro Electric Barrel Turbine
Authors: Rayid Muneer  , Vithya Sagar Ramdoss , Ramachandran S.
Published: July 2014

Hydro electric barrel turbines can be used for extraction of clean energy from water flowing at velocity more than 1 m/sec. The kinetic energy available in the flow in water is converted into mechanical energy by means of a barrel having helical type projections and depressions. This is similar to helical milling cutter. The mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by means of a pan type electrical generator, the output of which is stored in a battery and inverter and then is used. The specific advantage of barrel turbine is easy handling and environment friendly design, thus eliminating the need for environmental impact assessment studies. The proposed project consists of a CAD model of the barrel turbine which can be generated using CATIA, pro E softwares and analysis on this cad model will be performed. Analysis for the strength and power extraction capabilities shall be estimated using ANSYS fluid dynamics. Parameters such as diameter, the length of the turbine and variation of velocity of flow shall be studied in this work.
Investigate the Fiber Reinforcement Effect on Viscoelastic Response and Thermal Stability of Hybrid Friction Composites
Authors: Manoharan S. , Ramadoss G. , Suresha B.
Published: July 2014

In this work, enhancement of viscoelastic behaviour and thermal stability of hybrid friction composites has been synergistically investigated. Five different friction composites were fabricated by varying weight % of basalt fiber against BaSO4 content. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was carried out to assess the temperature dependent viscoelastic behaviour of composites. Basalt fibre addition improves dynamic modulus such as storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and lowers the damping factor (tan δ) values. Thermal degradation behaviour and presence of volatile elements in the composites was studied using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Higher amount of BaSO4 resulted in higher thermal stability and lower % of weight loss. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis were employed to characterize the composites.
Investigation of Mechanical Behaviour of Glass Fibre Based SiC Polymer Composites
Authors: Ramnath B. Vijaya , Rajesh S. , Elanchezhian Chinnadurai , Vignesh V. , Vijai Rahul V. , Tamilselvan V. , Narayanan S.U. Sathya
Published: July 2014

Silicon Carbide/GFRP reinforced matrix composite and SiC matrix composite has been developed by using hand layup and resin casting methods respectively. The GFRP reinforced polymer composite is made by sandwiching two layers of GFRP in between the SiC material. The resin used for the preparation the samples are epoxy and polyester, for both Sic/GFRP composite and SiC composite. An Arcan fixture with butterfly specimen is used to measure the fracture occurring in various modes of the polymer composite. The objective of the proposed testing method is to determine the variation in the stress value depending on the resin material as well as the influence of GFRP in the strength of SiC polymer composite. Results from the tests are analyzed to show that the polyester resin is better for shear strength, in both Sic/GFRP reinforced and SiC composite material.
Investigation of Tensile Behavior of Sisal and Coir Reinforced Hybrid Composites Using Vinyl Ester Resin
Authors: Chaithanyan C. , Panneerselvam T. , Raghuraman S. , Ramnath B. Vijaya
Published: July 2014

Composite materials play a major role in engineering application due to its light weight, good stiffness, high specific strength and flexible nature. Because of these properties, fibers are interbreed with glass fiber for the applications in the automobile, aircraft industries and household appliances are wider. This paper deals with fabrication and investigation of tensile behavior of hybrid composites using vinyl ester resin. Natural fibers, sisal and coir fibers which are commixed with vinyl ester with a volume fraction of 0.4 and 0.5 using hand lay-up process. The tensile strength of sisal-coir-glass composites was found to be better than the other two combinations of composite.
Hydrogen Gas in Diesel Engine Using DEE as Ignition Source
Authors: Dhanasekaran C. , Mohankumar G.
Published: July 2014

Over the past two decades considerable effort has been taken to develop and introduce new alternate source of energy for the conventional gasoline and diesel. Environmental pollution and uncertainty in cost of petroleum products are the principal driving forces for this movement. The major pollutants from an Diesel engine system are NOx, Smoke, particulate matter, Soot. Several alternative fuels were tried but all of them are carbon based fuels, therefore net carbon based pollutants cannot be reduced. One alternative to carbon-based fuels is hydrogen. Hydrogen a non-carbon fuel only can meet zero emission vehicles standards in future. Hydrogen can be commercially used as a fuel even though it is having a number of technical and economical barriers. Numerous techniques are available for use in C.I. engine such as dual fuel made, by using spark plug, glow plug, DEE as an ignition enhancer. Hydrogen was used in a diesel engine in the dual fuel mode-using diesel as an ignition source in neat form using DEE. In neat form the DEE was introduced in the manifold. In order to have a precise control of hydrogen flow and to avoid the backfire and pre – ignition problems hydrogen was injection in to intake manifold; DEE injection follows the hydrogen injection. DEE mixed with air and flows into the combustion chamber as DEE auto ignites first followed by hydrogen combustion. A single cylinder-four stroke water-cooled naturally aspirated constant speed D.I. diesel engine with a rated output of 3.7 kW at 1500 rpm was used for the experimental purpose. Measurements were taken with respect to the performance, combustion and emission studies.
Time and Frequency Domain Performance Comparison for Wheeze Detection Using K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Syamimi Mardiah Shaharum  , Sundaraj Kenneth
Published: July 2014

In this Paper, the Comparison between the Performance of Wheezes Data Processing in the Frequency Domain and in the Time Domain is Evaluated Using K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). the Purpose of this Paper is to Clarify the Confusion Regarding the Methods Used Nowadays, as many of the Previous Researchers have Stated that Wheezes Data are Better Processed in the Frequency Domain due to its Dominant Frequency Peaks but Not a Single Researcher has Made a Direct Comparison to Prove the Reliability of the Method Used. from the Evaluation Made, the Result Shows that the Performance of Wheeze Data Processed in the Frequency Domain is Better as Compared to the Data Processed in the Time Domain. A High Performance Accuracy with 97% is Obtained Comparing to an Accuracy Percentage of 83.13% were only Achieved by Using the Time Domain Data. Thus, this Paper has Successfully Made a Comparison between the Domains Proving the Reliability of the Frequency Domain for Wheeze Detection.
Multi Camera Image Capturing for Robot Soccer
Authors: Sivadev Nadarajah , Sundaraj Kenneth
Published: July 2014

— This paper will describe the interfacing of multiple wireless cameras to a computer for the purpose to provide monocular vision for robot soccer. The paper describes two methods, PostMux and PreMux which uses two types of wireless camera receiver. The pro and con of these methods are tabulated and compared. Important criteria such as power and bandwidth consumption of the USB port when connected to the computer are listed. Final selection for the application of monocular vision in robot soccer is concluded.
Analysis on the Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristicsof a CI Engine Fuelled with Algae Biodiesel
Authors: Jayaprabakar J. , Karthikeyan A.
Published: July 2014

Bio diesel from various species of Algae has been in the discussion for a long time, this work is on collecting a macro algae and extracting the oil from it. Converting the oil in to bio Diesel is done by Transesterification method and the testing was made on a Diesel Engine. The Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of Esters of Gracilaria verrucossa algal are mentioned here. Using Methanol as alcohol and NaOH as catalyst the transesterification process was done.Engine test was conducted at injection timings 20° BTDC, 23° BTDC and 26° BTDC with blends B10 and B20.The result shows there is increase in Brake thermal efficiency, Peak pressure and NOx.The carbon emissions were less when compared with those of the Conventional Diesel.
Synthesis and Characteristic of AA6061/SiC Sand Cast Composite
Authors: Selvakumar M. , Rajamani G.P. , Kalaiselvan K.
Published: July 2014

The present work focuses on the fabrication of aluminum (6061-T6) matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with various weight percentages of SiC particulates using sand casting method. The addition of Mg in the melt during the process has improved the wettability between Al and SiC there by reduced the formation of SiO2 layer on the surface. The fabricated AMCs were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness tester and universal tensile testing machine. The OM and SEM images revealed the presence of homogeneous dispersion of SiC particle in the matrix. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) test, the dispersion of reinforcement has been identified. With the increases in weight percentage of SiC particles in the aluminum matrix improved the mechanical properties of composites.
Abrasive Assisted Electro Chemical Machining of Aluminum-Boron Carbide-Graphite Hybrid Composite
Authors: Sankar M. , Baskaran R. , Rajkumar K. , Gnanavelbabu A.
Published: July 2014

In this paper, attempts have been made to model and optimize process parameters in Abrasive assisted Electro-Chemical Machining (AECM) of Aluminium-Boron carbide-Graphite composite using cylindrical copper tool electrodes with SiC abrasive medium. Optimization of process parameters is based on the statistical techniques with four independent input parameters such as voltage, current, reinforcement and feed rate were used to assess the AECM process performance in terms of material removal rate. The obtained results are compared with without abrasive assisted electro chemical machining of Aluminium-Boron carbide-Graphite composite. Abrasive assisted ECM process exhibited higher material removal rate from composite material when compared with without abrasive assisted ECM.
Control of Stand-off-Distance in Abrasive Jet Machining - A Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Kumar K. Saran , Karthick S.
Published: July 2014

In general Unconventional Machining Processes (UCMs) or Non Traditional Machining Processes (NTMs) are used only when no other Traditional Machining Processes can meet the necessary requirements, both efficiently and economically. This is because using of most of NTMs incurs relatively higher installation, maintenance, operating and tooling costs. Now-a-days, complicated and intricate shaped structures and drilling of square and micro holes are done using the NTMs. Among the several NTMs available, Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM) is one widely used technique. There are several Process Parameters involved in this process and also have a greater impact on the overall machining performances (i.e.) Material removal Rate (MRR). In this paper a novel approach is made to control the Stand-off-Distance (SOD) at an optimal level to achieve higher MRR using Fuzzy Logic. The Fuzzy controller technique such as Type 1 Fuzzy Logic Controller and Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Logic Controller are compared which tends to control the servo mechanism that actuates the nozzle to maintain the altitude between nozzle tip and workpiece. This experimentation will serve the purpose of handling materials with non-uniform surfaces in them.
Experimental Analysis of a 20° Twist Helical Savonius Rotor at Different Overlap Conditions
Authors: Deb Bachu , Gupta Rajat , Misra R. D.
Published: July 2014

Wind power is a major source of sustainable energy and can be harvested using both horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) accrue more popularity due to its self-starting characteristics and Omni directional in nature. Out of which Savonius rotor is the most popular drag-based VAWT which is having lower efficiencies but having good self-starting characteristics. In order to improve the performance, helix in the tip of the blade is targeted which reduces the negative torque coefficient of the rotor thereby could improve the performance of the rotor. Therefore, in this paper the power coefficients of a two-bucket helical Savonius rotor at different overlap ratios (from 0.0% to 19.76%) with helix twist angle of 20° are investigated experimentally. The investigations mainly concentrate to find out the optimum overlap ratio which is responsible for generation of maximum aerodynamic power. It is seen from the results that the power coefficient of the rotor increases with the increase in overlap ratio up to a certain limit, and further increase of the same decreases the power coefficients. The maximum power coefficient Cp of 0.289 is obtained at an optimum overlap ratio of 12.76 %.
Improvement in Tensile Strength of FDM Built Parts by Parametric Control
Authors: Mishra Swayam Bikash , Mahapatra Siba Sankar
Published: July 2014

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the efficient rapid prototyping (RP) technologies that forms 3D objects by adding material layer by layer from CAD generated solid models. However, the FDM built part is hardly anisotropic in nature due to layer-by-layer build mechanism. Literature suggests that mechanical property, especially tensile strength, of FDM built part is severely affected by process parameters. Among all the parameters, contour number happens to be an important parameter because it reduces stress concentration resulting in avoidance of premature breakdown. Therefore, in this work contour number along with five important process parameters such as layer thickness, raster width, part orientation, raster angle and air gap are considered and their effect on tensile strength of FDM built parts is studied. Experiments are conducted using Face Centred Central Composite Design (FCCCD) in order to reduce the experimental runs. An optimal parameter setting has been suggested for the maximisation of tensile strength of the FDM built parts.
Densification Behavior in Forming of Stir Casted Aluminium Boron Carbide Composite Perform during Cold Upsetting
Authors: Thangadurai K.R. , Asha A.
Published: July 2014

The forming behavior of AA6061 boron carbide composites produced by stir casting process was investigated with the cold upsetting test. The composites containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of B4Cp reinforcements were investigated with the cold upsetting test in Universal Testing Machine under tri-axial stress state condition. SEM images were taken to identify the presence of B4Cp particle in aluminium matrix. From the analysis, it was found that the hardness of composite was increased due to increasing amount of boron carbide particle in the composite and the density was decreased due to the lower value of density of boron carbide. The maximum true axial stress, true hoop stress and hydrostatic stress were gradually increased in the event of increasing order of B4Cp in the composites. Finally, it was found that in the stress – strain curve, the boron carbide was the main factor in improving the compressive strength of composites because of its high hardness.
Structural Analysis of Rear Axle Casing of Tractor
Authors: Theja B. Sreenivasa , Kumar Singh Siddharth
Published: July 2014

The design of structural modeling is usually based on the different geometric function. Since every component has a definite life span, it is necessary to calculate its core parameters. To find the life span of component, the component must be as input parameter to the Finite Element Analysis. The Finite Element Analysis is nothing but a numerical method for solving Engineering and Mathematical problems. The Analysis of the “Rear Axle Casing of Tractor” using cast iron material with special grade “SG 500” for already existing model, taken in the real time is done by using “ANSYS”. The stress, strain, deformation analysis of the component is done by giving various boundary conditions. These analyzed results help to redesign the rear casing of tractor. The redesigning of rear axel casing of tractor is done using “PRO/E”. During redesigning the component, various criteria’s taken in the real field must be taken into an account. The analysis of the redesigned model is done by giving various boundary conditions for both materials ‘SG 500” and “SG 200”. Then the stress, strain, deformation, structural supports, structural results are evaluated and also cores, dies and patterns are generated and hence the redesigned rear axel casing of tractor is found to be in safer mode. And also the better material for the rear axle casing is given, by comparing the above mentioned materials.
Surface Roughness Effect on the Performance of 3-lobe Symmetric Hole Entry Hybrid Journal Bearings
Authors: Kushare Prashant B. , Sharama Satish C.
Published: July 2014

The present paper, evaluates the effect of surface roughness on the performance characteristics of capillary compensated 3-lobe symmetric hole entry hybrid journal bearing. The effect of surface roughness patterns viz; transverse, isotropic, longitudinal and smooth, on bearing performance is presented for different values of offset factor. A modified form of Reynold’s equation in conjunction with restrictor flow equation is solved by using Galerkin’s technique of FEM. The numerically simulated results of the study indicate that the surface roughness orientation patterns affect the performance of 3-lobe hybrid journal bearing system significantly. Further, it is noticed that the longitudinal roughness pattern provides enhanced value of rotor dynamic coefficient.To have an improved dynamic performance, a judicious selection of offset factor and surface roughness pattern parameter is essential.
An Investigation on the Development of Hard and Strong Bainitic Steels by very Short Heat Treatments
Authors: Thillairajan K. , Balusamy V. , Ramaswamy V.
Published: July 2014

An attempt has been made in this research work to develop strong and tough bainitic steels in shorter transformation durations of less than three hours leading to ease of production for steel industries making these steels. High carbon medium alloy steel with high amounts of silicon, cobalt and aluminum was taken up for this study. The steel samples were austempered at 473, 523, 573, and 623K for 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes and then characterized by optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction investigations. Microstructure containing plates of bainitic ferrite and substantial amounts of retained austenite placed in between the bainitic ferrite laths was produced. The steel after austempering had hardness in the range 450 – 720 HV at 30 kg load, tensile strength of about 560-620 MPa and room temperature notch impact toughness of about 10J with very less ductility. The details of alloy design and making, metallurgical and mechanical characterizations are discussed.
A Comparative Study on the Wear Behavior of Cast and Forge Aged A356 Alloy with Addition of Grain Refiner and/or Modifier
Authors: Mallapur D.G. , Sondur D.G. , Udupa K.R.
Published: July 2014

In the present work, a comparative study on the wear behavior of cast aged and forge aged A356 alloy has been investigated without and with the addition of grain refiner and modifier, under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine. The comparison study reveals that tribological properties of A356 materials are highly influenced by T6 heat treatment process. It is found in the present study that, cast aged A356 materials possess higher wear resistance as compared to forge aged materials. Apart from this, the study also reveals that cast aged material is associated with lower frictional forces and coefficient of friction as compared to the forge aged category. It is further observed in the present investigation that abrasive wear mechanism is operative in both the categories of the materials when tested with lower load for lower sliding speed and lower distance of run. At higher values of external parameters the adhesive wear mechanism dominates the wear process. Lower values of wear properties recorded by the forge aged material are an unexpected result in the present studies. It is conceived to be due to the presence of micro cracks while forging.
Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Basalt Short Fiber Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Ezhil Vannan S. , Vizhian S. Paul
Published: July 2014

The aim of the work was to investigate the wear properties of basalt short fiber reinforced aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) using pin-on-disc wear test rig. The Al/basalt MMCs contains basalt short fiber from 2.5 to 10 % in steps of 2.5 wt. % and fabricated using compocasting technique. The influences of the content of basalt short fiber, wear load, sliding distance, sliding velocity and mode of worn-out surface were discussed. The results indicated that Al/basalt short fiber composite had better wear resistance than that of the matrix alloy and it decreases with wt. % of basalt short fiber content. In other direction wear rate of both unreinforced alloy and reinforced composites increased with increasing in wear load and the sliding speed. Surfaces before and after wear tests were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: Metal matrix composite (MMCs), Basalt fibers, sliding wear, wear rate
Microstructural Analysis and Wear Behavior of Cryogenically Treated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Nasreen Haider , Mohamed S. Beer , Mohideen S. Rasool
Published: July 2014

This paper helps in understanding the effects of cryogenic treatment on microstructural variation, hardness and wear behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The microstructure indicates white β-phase dispersed on the grain boundaries of dark α-phase. Cryogenic treatment at-186 °C for 10 h led to the transformation from β-phase to α-phase, resulting in coarsening of α. Hardness of the cryogenically treated sample was observed to decrease and wear loss was observed to increase; this can be attributed to the coarsening of α-phase.
Determination of Delamination and Tensile Strength of Drilled Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: G Dilli Babu , K Sivaji Babu , Uma Maheswar Gowd B.
Published: July 2014

A study has been carried out to investigate the delamination and tensile properties of drilled composites made by reinforcing the natural fibers like hemp, jute, banana and vakka into a polyester resin matrix. The fibers extracted by retting and manual processes have been used to fabricate the composites. These composites are tested for delamination and tensile strength after drilling and compared with those of established composite like glass made under the same laboratory conditions. The Taguchi method with orthogonal array of L9 (34) was selected to realize the influence of the drilling parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) on delamination and tensile strength for various fiber reinforced composites. The results indicate that the delamination of the drilled natural fiber composites were in some cases better than those of glass fiber composites.
Study on Mechanical Properties and Wear Behavior of LM6 Aluminum/Nano Al2O3 Composites
Authors: Surendran R. , A Kumaravel
Published: July 2014

In thepresent study, preparation and characterization of LM6 (A413) aluminum alloy reinforced with nanoalumina powder (Al2O3) is investigated. Al2O3 nanopowder reinforced LM6 (A413) aluminum alloy Metal Matrix nanoComposites (MMNCs) were prepared by stir casting method. The distribution of reinforcement of alumina nanoparticles in LM6 (A413) aluminum alloy were observed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles on mechanical properties of MMNCs were investigated. The wear behavior of MMNCs against hardened steel under dry sliding condition was evaluated on friction wear tester. The results revealed that the inclusion of 2.5% weight fraction alumina nanopowders into LM6 (A413) aluminum alloy enhanced the hardness, impact strength and wear resistance compared with reinforcement of 1, 1.5, 2.5, 5% weight fraction alumina nanopowders. However, the better tensile strength is achieved with 1.5% weight fraction reinforcement in the composites.
A Numerical Investigation on the Performance of an Earth Air Heat Exchanger System for the Indian District of Nagpur
Authors: Tripathy Rohit , Mishra Sadhana , Karuppa Raj R. Thundil
Published: July 2014

The performance of an Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) system to be operated in climatic and soil conditions prevailing in the Indian district of Nagpur is modeled numerically. To do so, a CFD model is developed in ANSYS Fluent 12.1. The validation of the CFD model is carried out using data obtained from published literature and good agreement is established between the simulation results and published experimental data. An earth pipe of length 60 m and internal diameter 0.1 m is chosen for validating the model and this validated model is used to further investigate for three different lengths of the pipe - 40 m, 35 m and 30 m. The 3-dimensional flow field through the earth air heat exchanger is studied numerically by solving the appropriate governing equations namely: continuity, momentum and energy equations and a finite volume CFD code is employed for solving the same. An air inlet velocity of 2 m/s is maintained and the inlet temperature was varied between 308.1 K and 315 K for each chosen length. The decrease in temperature and flow distribution along the pipe length is plotted.
An Experimental Study on Improvement in Thermal Efficiency of Mesh Wick Heat Pipe
Authors: Kumaresan G. , Venkatachalapathy S. , Naik Indraneel C.
Published: July 2014

This study aims to investigate the influence of inclination angle and concentration of nanoparticles on the improvement in heat pipe thermal efficiency. Spherical shaped, 40 nm size CuO nanoparticles are used in this study and its physical and thermal chracteristics are investigated. The results are compared with a heat pipe using DI water at horizontal position.The thermal efficiency is improved by increasing the tilt angle and mass of particles dispersed in DI water. The improvement in thermal efficiency obtained are 20.59, 35.92 and 32.57% respectively for 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt% of CuO nanofluids and 60° inclination angle.
Characteristic Study of Isochoric Heating in a Pressure Vessel
Authors: Sivamurugan P. , Ravikumar P.
Published: July 2014

Increasing of fluid pressure in phase change applications is an important area for research, as it requires high grade energy. Low grade energy (heat energy) may be employed to develop fluid pressure in selective applications with isochoric heating in a non-flow process. Pressure vessel is a common example working on isochoric heating process to develop steam pressure. Experiments are conducted in this vessel to analyze the characteristics of isochoric heating process. Some of the characteristics investigated are (i) mass of the steam leaving the vessel for a given volume ratio (mass of water contained in the vessel to volume of the vessel), ratio of time taken to release steam to heating time, ratio of enthalpy of the steam leaving the vessel to useful enthalpy rise of water and steam mixture for different volume ratio. The effect of insulating the circumference of the vessel on the above mentioned characteristics are also investigated in this paper. Further experiments using any liquid refrigerant as working medium can lead this research to attain a remarkable development of using low grade energy for refrigeration applications
CO2 Capture onto Zeolite 13X and Zeolite 4A by Pressure Swing Adsorption in a Fixed Bed
Authors: Hauchhum Lalhmingsanga , Mahanta P.
Published: July 2014

Combustion of fossil fuels is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas CO2, it is therefore necessary to develop technologies that will allow us to utilize the fossil fuels while reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a potential technique for removing CO2 from high-pressure fuel gas streams. Zeolites are suitable candidate sorbents for use in the PSA process. Studies of the gas adsorption of CO2 onto zeolite 13X and zeolite 4A were conducted at a temperature of 25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C and 60 °C up to a pressure of 1 bar. The data fitting is accomplished with the Toth and Sips adsorption models which are generally used for micro-porous adsorbents such as zeolites. Moreover, regeneration studies have been conducted in order to verify the possibility of adsorbents reutilization, to determine its CO2 adsorption capacity within consecutive cycles of adsorption–desorption. Zeolite with higher surface area showed higher CO2 adsorption capacity. There is no full reversibility for the two zeolites.
Effect of EGR on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of a CI Engine Fuelled with Waste Chicken Fat Biodiesel
Authors: Gurusala Naresh Kumar , Zachariah Richu , Mozhi Selvan V. Arul
Published: July 2014

Ever increasing demand and consequent rise in prices of petroleum products, stringent emission standards, the exponential depletion rate of fossil fuel reserves and escalation in the number of vehicles on the road have forced us to look for alternatives to meet the present and future demands of the energy requirements. Biodiesel production from waste oils and fats are cost effective methods which prevent the environmental pollution by proper disposal techniques. In this study, biodiesel was prepared from the waste effect chicken fat using the two stage esterification process. The present investigation deals with the cold exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with the flow rates of 10, 20, 30% on a four stroke, single cylinder, direct injection (DI) diesel engine fueled with waste chicken fat biodiesel blends to reduce the NOx emissions of the engine. Experimental results showed higher oxides of nitrogen emissions when fueled with waste chicken fat biodiesel without EGR and found reduced NOx emissions about 25% when operating with B20 fuel blend with 30% EGR. The EGR level was optimized as 20% based on the significant reduction in NOx emissions, minimum possible smoke, CO, HC emissions and comparable brake thermal efficiency.