bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The play's the thing: using interactive drama in leadership development
Authors: Steed Robert
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This paper was written to help practitioners in the field of arts‐based learning understand the impact that training with its roots in theatre can have and has had on business executives – and the causes of that impact.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper was developed by examining the 17‐year experience of Performance Plus… in delivering theatre‐based training to a wide range of large US businesses. It examines the way that drama can affect people in the audience and then, more particularly, how theatre based training affected the behaviors and actions of key management participants. The article then connected those results to the work of philosopher E.F. Schumacher and social scientist Daniel Goleman.

Findings

The fundamental conclusion of the paper is that drama is an extremely effective tool for helping people learn skills and behaviors they can apply in the everyday routine of business.

Originality/value

Because so little has been written about theatre‐based training, the primary value of this paper is to open readers’ eyes to a new and powerful way to train business executive – and to outlines a few of the many ways that approach can be taken to ensure that management participants in training programs are actively involved and engaged in the programs being presented and as a result embrace the learning from the program in a lasting way.
Not by technology alone: sustaining winning strategies
Authors: Olson Eric G.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

Business leaders can apply key messages as early as today to begin aligning business operations with business strategy to strengthen sustainability. Principles can be applied at all levels in any organization, from the entire enterprise down to discreet product or service offerings. The article emphasizes that the enablers of profitable operations over long periods of time will be internally integrated and networked across industries.

Design/methodology/approach

Challenges with sustainability in many existing strategies are explained, and case studies that illustrate both success and failure are described to illustrate key principles. Once the viewpoints are developed and supported with specific cases and research findings, actionable recommendations are made in a prescription for change.

Findings

Achieving sustainable profitability and growth is increasingly difficult for many companies because of shorter product lifecycles, eroding intellectual property advantages, and other growing complexities from the broader business environment. When operations are integrated with business strategy, forces align to sustain profitability and the strategy is more difficult to imitate or leap‐frog. Organizational competencies, cross‐industry capabilities and stakeholder integration all play a role in integrated operations.

Originality/value

The importance of integrating operational capabilities with business strategy is explained and the rewards are articulated using real‐world cases, research and industry‐accepted practices. The prescription set forth for change is evident in some of the world's most successful companies that have successfully sustained profitability and growth. Enterprises that integrate their operations with strategy both across functions and throughout entire product lifecycles will increasingly be rewarded by investors, applauded by customers, and envied by competitors.
Metallurgy and performance of electrodeposited copper for flexible circuits
Authors: Merchant H.D. , Wang J.T. , Giannuzzi L.A. , Liu Y.L.
Published: April 2007

In this paper, we consider intrinsic properties of copper electrodeposited as plateup on polyimide substrate, thermal response of electrodeposited copper and fatigue performance of copper and copper/polyimide construction. The critical material characteristics examined are grain morphology and structure, crystallographic texture, microhardness, uniaxial strength and ductility and isothermal cyclic fatigue life. Given optimum processing conditions, copper plateup in flexible circuits displays fine grain structure, high ductility, adequate thermal stability, freedom from thermal embrittlement and excellent fatigue endurance over a wide range of strain amplitudes.
Elastic, elastic‐plastic and creep analyses of wafer level chip scale package solder joints on microvia build‐up printed circuit boards
Authors: Lau John H.
Published: April 2007

The solder‐joint reliability of solder‐bumped wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) on microvia build‐up printed circuit board (PCB) subjected to thermal cycling conditions is investigated in this study. The 62Sn36Pb2Ag solder joints are assumed to be: an elastic material; an elastic‐plastic material; and a creep material which obey the Garofalo‐Arrhenius steady‐state creep constitutive law. The stress and strain in the corner solder joint of the WLCSP assembly are presented and compared for these three material models. Also, the results presented herein will be compared with that from creep analysis of the WLCSP on PCB without microvia build‐up layer.
Minimization of tin whisker formation for lead‐free electronics finishing
Authors: Schetty Rob
Published: April 2007

Many theories regarding whisker growth exist. It has been demonstrated in a variety of reference sources that tin whiskers can form in both pure tin and tin alloy deposits. Conversely, an equal number of claims exist in the literature demonstrating no whisker growth in the same types of deposits. The lack of an industry standard whisker test is a significant limitation in addressing tin whiskers. Historically in the electronics industry, addition of lead (Pb) was found to be an effective method of minimizing tin whisker formation and so for many years electronic components have been electroplated with tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb). With the advent of Pb‐free electronics finishing, the risk of tin whiskers is again a significant concern. This paper will review the theories behind whisker formation, identify the common characteristics of same, and demonstrate how Pb‐free electroplating processes can be formulated to minimize the risk of whisker formation.
Explaining the Amish
Authors: O’Neil Daniel J.
Published: April 2007

Attempts to explain the survival and success of the American Amish community by examining its history, tenets, structures and life style. Concludes by stressing the importance of the community’s unambiguous value system, its clear borders/boundaries, its emphasis on integration and continuity, its commitment to the “work ethic”, its techniques of separation, and its meaningful and efficacious rites and rituals.
The old, the new and the complicated ‐ A trilogy of marketing relationships
Authors: Healy Marilyn , Hastings Kathleen , Brown Les , Gardiner Michael
Published: April 2007

The boundaries of relationship marketing have been discussed since relationship marketing was first investigated in the 1970s. Investigating these boundaries, this paper reviews the links between relationship marketing and network theory. Three main themes of marketing relationships are identified: relationship marketing, neo‐relationship marketing and network theory. A framework is developed to allow for the positioning of these three themes of marketing relationships. While this framework has been developed in terms of a table, the intent is not to box theorists into neat positions but rather to develop an overall position statement for the three types of marketing relationships. Theorists can discuss marketing relationships depending on their position within the framework. Consequently, the framework allows for further development of relationship and neo‐relationship marketing by offering better applications for the practitioner, and enhances understanding of network theory. Suggestions are offered for the integration of marketing relationships into the marketing curriculum and further implications for marketing research are discussed.
Corporate reputation, trait covariation and the averaging principle ‐ The case of the UK pensions mis‐selling scandal
Authors: Bennett Roger , Gabriel Helen
Published: April 2007

Presents the results of an empirical investigation into whether the attribution by members of the public of an unfavourable reputational trait (e.g. dishonesty) to a company covaries with other traits ascribed to the same enterprise. Additionally it examines whether people aggregate successive pieces of unfavourable information received about a business to form a continuously worsening impression of it; or whether they mentally average bad news, so that successive adverse items can actually improve the overall impression – provided the later messages are not as damaging as the earlier ones. The study is based on the UK pensions mis‐selling scandal, which generated severe, long‐term media criticism of the large UK insurance companies. Hence it analyses a unique reputational management situation in that the firms involved are subject to continuous and intense scrutiny, protracted and hostile media coverage, periodic public censure by regulatory authorities, and interference in day‐to‐day management by government agencies. The proposition that pensions are an “avoidance product” is also explored.
Relationship unrest ‐ A strategic perspective for business‐to‐business marketers
Authors: Good David J. , Evans Kenneth R.
Published: April 2007

The literature is rich with examples that stress the importance of marketers having long‐term customer relationships. Yet, the reality is that while relational attachments can foster benefits, there are many occasions when marketers seek, or are forced, to disband or change the nature of customer relationships. Interestingly however, despite the obviousness of this circumstance, this remains an unexamined strategic condition. In a unique investigation, this article explores the strategic opportunities and conditions that emanate from “relational unrest” in the business‐to‐business marketplace. Consequently, this article notes how sellers can benefit from understanding how to properly manage relational unrest. To address this issue, a strategic framework is proposed, which concludes that when sellers experience relational difficulties, strategic options with positive outcomes and related managerial implications can be associated with this condition.
Market segmentation by using consumer lifestyle dimensions and ethnocentrism
Authors: Kucukemiroglu Orsay
Published: April 2007

Identifies consumer market segments existing among Turkish consumers by using lifestyle patterns and ethnocentrism. Data for the study were collected through personal interviews in Istanbul. Survey findings indicate that there are several lifestyle dimensions apparent among the Turkish consumers which had an influence on their ethnocentric tendencies. Non‐ethnocentric Turkish consumers tend to have significantly more favorable beliefs, attitudes, and intentions regarding imported products than do ethnocentric Turkish consumers. Using the lifestyle dimensions extracted, three distinct market segments were found. Consumers in the Liberals/trend setters customer market segment showed similar behavioral tendencies and purchasing patterns to consumers in western countries. The findings provide some implications to marketers who currently operate in or are planning to enter into Turkish markets in the near future.
Determination of the distribution function of Preisach’s model using centred cycles
Authors: Bernard Y. , Mendes E. , Ren Z.
Published: April 2007

A new method for the determination of the classical Preisach’s model distribution function is developed. The proposed method determines numerically the distribution function from classical experimental measurements and does not make any assumption concerning the material type. The Preisach’s triangle is discretised in a finite set of cells (about 200 cells are needed). Two ways for the determination of the discretised distribution function are presented. The first assumes constant distribution function value in each cell. The second determines the nodal values of the discretised distribution function and uses a bilinear interpolation technique to obtain the distribution function in any position of the Preisach’s triangle. We also show that the proposed method can also be used to model the inverse distribution function. The comparison between modelled and experimental hysteresis curves for both major and minor cycles have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Electromagnetic devices
Authors: Wiak K.
Published: April 2007

Discusses the 27 papers in ISEF 1999 Proceedings on the subject of electromagnetisms. States the groups of papers cover such subjects within the discipline as: induction machines; reluctance motors; PM motors; transformers and reactors; and special problems and applications. Debates all of these in great detail and itemizes each with greater in‐depth discussion of the various technical applications and areas. Concludes that the recommendations made should be adhered to.
CAD and optimization techniques
Authors: Barba P.Di
Published: April 2007

Introduces papers from this area of expertise from the ISEF 1999 Proceedings. States the goal herein is one of identifying devices or systems able to provide prescribed performance. Notes that 18 papers from the Symposium are grouped in the area of automated optimal design. Describes the main challenges that condition computational electromagnetism’s future development. Concludes by itemizing the range of applications from small activators to optimization of induction heating systems in this third chapter.
Inductor design aid employing genetic algorithms
Authors: Fivaz Jean , Cronje Willie A.
Published: April 2007

Recognizing the need and the room for improvement in computer aided engineering (CAE), evolutionary programming and, more specifically, genetic algorithms are used together with an expert system in a hybrid approach to inductor design. The genetic algorithm is used to derive design suggestions and the expert system for the appropriate testing and evaluation of these suggestions. In addition to functional manufacturing constraints, other optimization goals can be added.
Thermal modelling of a car alternator with claw poles using 2D finite element software
Authors: Brisset S. , Hecquet M. , Brochet P.
Published: April 2007

A car alternator with claw poles is typically a 3D device because its shape is not axi‐symmetrical nor XY‐symmetrical. A 3D finite element model can be useful to simulate the thermic behavior of the machine but is rarely available. In this paper, it is shown that a 2D simulation can fit even if all the thermal phenomena relating to the missing direction are neglected. The alternators have been modeled in two different sections to show their respective reliability. Moreover, thermal hybrid conductivities have been defined to take into account the succession of the different materials in the missing direction.
Multi‐terminal resistances optimal design using spline boundary elements and genetic algorithms
Authors: Munteanu Calin , Topa Vasile , Simion Emil , De Mey Gilbert
Published: April 2007

This paper proposes a method for multi‐terminal resistor optimal design based on a stochastic optimization algorithm coupled with a high accuracy boundary element method numerical analysis module using spline boundary elements. The aim of the optimization process is to find out the optimal shape of the resistor so that the values of the partial resistances between its terminals can be globally reduced. In the first part of the paper, a short introduction to the boundary element method formulation using spline interpolation of the boundary unknowns is performed. Then, the genetic algorithm optimization method is briefly described, emphasising the numerical implementation particularities related to the actual application. In the second part of the paper, three numerical examples are proposed and the final conclusions are outlined.
Evaluation of transient field in unbounded dissipative media
Authors: Dedkova Jarmila , Dedek Libor , Valsa Juraj
Published: April 2007

A new finite element method (FEM) approach is used to evaluate transient electric field based on a surge wave in a dissipative open region. Instead of the solution of the basic equations in the time domain, the Laplace transform inversion is used to model planar and axisymmetrical transient fields. The main advantage of this approach consists in the possibility of modeling unbounded regions. Current‐driven electrodes, including electrodes with floating potential, are taken into consideration.
Discontinuous finite element methods for the simulation of rotating electrical machines
Authors: Alotto P. , Bertoni A. , Perugia I. , Scho¨tzau D.
Published: April 2007

The capability of discontinuous finite element methods of handling non‐matching grids is exploited in the simulation of rotating electrical machines. During time stepping, the relative movement of two meshes, consistent with two different regions of the electrical device (rotor and stator), results in the generation of so‐called hanging nodes on the slip surface. A discretisation of the problem in the air‐gap region between rotor and stator, which relies entirely on finite element methods, is presented here. A discontinuous Galerkin method is applied in a small region containing the slip surface, and a conforming method is used in the remaining part.
Fast field computations with the fast multipole method
Authors: Buchau André , Rieger Wolfgang , Rucker Wolfgang M.
Published: April 2007

The application of the fast multipole method reduces the computational costs and the memory requirements of the boundary element method from O(N2) to approximately O(N). In this paper we present that the computational costs can be strongly shortened, when the multipole method is not only used for the solution of the system of linear equations but also for the field computation in arbitrary points.
Identification of broadband passive macromodels for electromagnetic structures
Authors: de Magistris M. , De Tommasi L.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

The paper aims to present an overview of techniques for the identification in the frequency domain of reduced order models for distributed passive electromagnetic structures.

Design/methodology/approach

Most known approaches proposed in different application contexts are described within a unified framework.

Findings

A passive reduced order model of an unshielded twisted pair is fully developed with the combination of vector fitting algorithm and the passivity enforcement via Hamiltonian perturbation.

Originality/value

A state‐of‐the‐art picture of the frequency domain identification and passivity enforcement techniques is given, and a test case of actual interest fully analysed.
Comparative analysis between modern heuristics and hybrid algorithms
Authors: Riganti Fulginei Francesco , Salvini Alessandro
Published: April 2007

Purpose

The purpose of the present paper is to show a comparative analysis of classical and modern heuristics such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization and bacterial chemotaxis, when they are applied to electrical engineering problems.

Design/methodology/approach

Hybrid algorithms (HAs) obtained by a synergy between the previous listed heuristics, with the eventual addiction of the Tabu Search, have also been compared with the single heuristic performances.

Findings

Empirically, a different sensitivity for initial values has been observed by changing type of heuristics. The comparative analysis has then been performed for two kind of problems depending on the dimension of the solution space to be inspected. All the proposed comparative analyses are referred to two corresponding different cases: Preisach hysteresis model identification (high dimension solution space) and load‐flow optimization in power systems (low dimension solution space).

Originality/value

The originality of the paper is to verify the performances of classical, modern and hybrid heuristics for electrical engineering applications by varying the heuristic typology and by varying the typology of the optimization problem. An original procedure to design a HA is also presented.
Electromagnetic inspection of concrete rebars
Authors: de Magistris M. , Morozov M. , Rubinacci G. , Tamburrino A. , Ventre S.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

The paper aims to apply an innovative inversion method to the problem of imaging (location, direction and size) of concrete rebars by means of eddy current measurements.

Design/methodology/approach

An accurate numerical model of the probe‐rebar interaction, including eddy currents and skin effect, is considered. The inverse problem is approached with a very efficient inversion procedure previously introduced in a different context.

Findings

A critical analysis of the issues to be considered for the quantitative imaging of rebars is given, and the possibility of relevant simplifications in the numerical model outlined, allowing the development of an accurate and computationally efficient method.

Originality/value

The proposed formulation is applied for the first time to the problem of rebars imaging. Experimental tests have been carried out to validate the numerical model and its underlying hypothesis.
Optimal design of single‐phase induction motor using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Subramanian S. , Bhuvaneswari R.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to employ particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for optimum design of single‐phase induction motor (SPIM) on the basis of maximizing the efficiency of the motor simultaneously satisfying a set of performance constraints.

Design/methodology/approach

The design problem of a SPIM is presented as a nonlinear optimization problem on the basis of maximizing the efficiency of the motor. A set of performance constraints are imposed in the optimization procedure. Particle swarm optimization technique is used as an optimization tool for obtaining the motor dimensions corresponding to maximum efficiency. Incorporation of PSO as a derivative free optimization technique in solving SPIM optimum design problem significantly relieves the assumptions imposed on the optimized objective function.

Findings

This approach has been applied to two sample motors and the results are compared with the evolutionary programming (EP) results. It is observed that the proposed approach is effective and robust.

Originality/value

The fields of application of SPIMs are expanding day by day. The emphasis on energy conservation demands an improvement of the efficiency of single‐phase induction motors. Hence, the design optimization of these motors with efficiency as objective function assumes great importance.
VHDL‐AMS based genetic optimisation of fuzzy logic controllers
Authors: Wang L. , Kazmierski T.J.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This paper presents a VHDL‐AMS based genetic optimisation methodology for fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) used in complex automotive systems and modelled in mixed physical domains. A case study applying this novel method to an active suspension system has been investigated to obtain a new type of fuzzy logic membership function with irregular shapes optimised for best performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The geometrical shapes of the fuzzy logic membership functions are irregular and optimised using a genetic algorithm (GA). In this optimisation technique, VHDL‐AMS is used not only for the modelling and simulation of the FLC and its underlying active suspension system but also for the implementation of a parallel GA directly in the system testbench.

Findings

Simulation results show that the proposed FLC has superior performance in all test cases to that of existing FLCs that use regular‐shape, triangular or trapezoidal membership functions.

Research limitations

The test of the FLC has only been done in the simulation stage, no physical prototype has been made.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a novel way of improving the FLC's performance and a new application area for VHDL‐AMS.
Applications of coupled field formulations to electrical machinery
Authors: Kumbhar G.B. , Kulkarni S.V. , Escarela‐Perez R. , Campero‐Littlewood E.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to give a perspective about the variety of techniques which are available and are being further developed in the area of coupled field formulations, with selective bibliography and practical examples, to help postgraduate students, researchers and designers working in design or analysis of electrical machinery.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews the recent trends in coupled field formulations. The use of these formulations for designing and non‐destructive testing of electrical machinery is described, followed by their classifications, solutions and applications. Their advantages and shortcomings are discussed.

Findings

The paper gives an overview of research, development and applications of coupled field formulations for electrical machinery based on more than 160 references. All landmark papers are classified. Practical engineering case studies are given which illustrate wide applicability of coupled field formulations.

Research limitations/implications

Problems which continue to pose challenges to researchers are enumerated and the advantages of using the coupled‐field formulation are pointed out.

Practical implications

This paper gives a detailed description of the application of the coupled field formulation method to the analysis of problems that are present in different electrical machines. Examples of analysis of generators and transformers with this formulation are presented. The application examples give guidelines for its use in other analyses.

Originality/value

The coupled‐field formulation is used in the analysis of rotational machines and transformers where reference data are available and comparisons with other methods are performed and the advantages are justified. This paper serves as a guide for the ongoing research on coupled problems in electrical machinery.
Electric 3D‐simulation of metallized film capacitors
Authors: Ostrowski Jörg , Hiptmair Ralf , Fuhrmann Henning
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This paper seeks to deal with the computation of time‐harmonic electric potentials, currents, and surface charge distributions inside self‐healing metallized film capacitors in three dimensions. A 50 Hz exciting voltage is applied at contacts.

Design/methodology/approach

Extreme aspect ratios warrant dimensional reduction: the metallization is modelled as a 2D shell. This greatly reduces computational costs and makes possible an excellent resolution of the geometry. An integro‐differential equation for the complex amplitudes of the electric potential and surface charge densities on this shell is derived and discretized by means of boundary elements.

Findings

Adaptive cross approximation and H‐matrix technology is employed for matrix compression and preconditioning of iterative solvers. This permits one to use fine surface meshes and achieve satisfactory accuracy as demonstrated in numerical experiments.

Research limitations/implications

The model is based on an electroquasistatic approach; thus it is valid for low frequencies only.

Practical implications

Numerical experiments of sophisticated real‐life capacitor‐designs show the efficacy of the method for industrial applications.

Originality/value

A novel model was developed and implemented for the 3D electric field computation inside metallized film capacitors in the frequency domain.
A procedure for magnetic design and optimization of permanent magnet brushless DC motors
Authors: Sykulski J.K. , Santilli M.
Published: April 2007

The paper reports on a development of an automated CAD optimization system which interfaces an external design routine with a general purpose finite element software. The magnetic analysis is performed using a parameterized model and the process is controlled from within procedures written in MATLAB programming environment. Results are shown for a permanent magnet brushless DC motor.
Cybernetics Society’s Essay Competition 1999 – Highly Commended Paper
Authors: Scott Bernard
Published: April 2007

This essay reports work in cybernetics that it is believed can shed light on methodological and conceptual issues in the study of child development. To do so, cybernetics is placed in the larger context of the philosophy of science, drawing particularly on the work of Frederick Suppe and Nicholas Rescher. The concept of explanation in cybernetics is used to elucidate controversies concerning “mechanistic” and “organismic” types of explanation. An account is given of several models that appear to be of use in explicating the concepts of development, self‐organisation and morphogenesis. Finally, the distinctions between first‐ and second‐order cybernetics (due to von Foerster) and taciturn and language oriented systems (due to Pask) are invoked to encompass the social dimensions of child development.
Organizational Cybernetics: The Ecology of Change in a Norwegian Shipyard
Authors: Johannessen Jon‐Arild , Hauan Arnulf
Published: April 2007

Develops elements in what is called heterarchical logic in a study of the ecology of change in a Norwegian shipyard. The heterarchical logic is not in accordance with traditional understanding of rationality in organizations. Considers on what type of management this type of logic is based. Both “heterarchical logic” and the new type of management, joint management, partly answer Jackson’s criticism of the use of cybernetical models in organizations. This also is a contribution to organizational cybernetics with regard to Flood and Carson’s demand that the question of how autonomous work groups should be organized should be incorporated in organizational cybernetics.
(h, ø)‐information measure as a criterion of comparison of experiments in a Bayesian context
Authors: Menéndez M.L. , Pardo L. , Morales D. , Salicrú M.
Published: April 2007

Presents (h, ø)‐entropies as a generalization of ø‐entropies. Studies some applications of this function in Bayesian inference, especially in the comparison of experiments. Also studies the relationship of the (h,ø)‐entropy criterion to the classical approaches of Blackwell (1951) and Lehmann (1959).
Long‐term natural weathering of coated ThermoWood
Authors: Jämsä Saila , Ahola Pirjo , Viitaniemi Pertti
Published: April 2007

Heat treatment reduces hygroscopicity and accompanying dimensional changes in wood. Prior to coating, pine and spruce boards were heat treated at 225°C for six hours under steam, in order to achieve dimensional stability and durability of wood substrate. The panels were coated surface finishes which are commonly used on exterior cladding, joinery and fences in Finland. Performance of the coated heat‐treated and untreated panels was monitored during five years’ outdoor exposure. Without coating the heat‐treated wood is not weather resistant. The original dark brown colour of the uncoated heat‐treated wood panels was not stable when exposed to weather, turning grey. Cracking of the heat‐treated wood without coating was at the same level as that of the untreated wood despite the lower moisture content of the heat‐treated wood. The unpigmented or low build stains and oils did not prevent cracking of the heat‐treated wood. Weather resistance of the heat‐treated wood was improved by the water‐ or solvent‐borne paints. Wood heat treated by means of this process is comparable to untreated wood as a substrate for coatings and no alterations in coating recommendations are needed when considering coating of heat‐treated wood.
FT‐IR spectroscopic studies on degradation of lac resin – part II: ageing and UV irradiation
Authors: Sarkar P.C. , Shrivastava A.K.
Published: April 2007

Applies FT‐IR spectroscopic techniques to study the degradative process occurring on ageing/UV irradiation of lac resin. Unequivocally concludes that hydroperoxidation and inter‐etherification reactions are more likely to occur during the degradative process. MS(FAB) and solubility studies also support FT‐IR studies. Establishes that lac resin is remarkably stable to long wavelength UV radiation but tends to undergo prominent degradation on exposure to short wavelength UV irradiation.
A novel synthesis of 1‐oxo‐thieno[3’,2’‐3,4] pyrazolo[1,2‐a] pyrazole azo dye systems for dyeing of synthetic and modified cellulose fibers
Authors: Shams H.Z. , Helal M.H. , Mohamed F.A. , Abd‐Elhafiz S.A.
Published: April 2007

A new series of the title pyrazole azo dye systems has been synthesized. The new dyes are applied on nylon and cellulose acetate fibers to give dyed fabrics with excellent properties of colour intensity and fastness properties. The physical and spectral data of the investigated dyes are illustrated. The shifts of ultraviolet‐visible absorption maxima affected by the structural configuration of the pyrazole dye systems are investigated. The structural effects of the polyfunctionally substituted pyrazole dye systems on the intensity of colour and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics are discussed. The data of these studies are listed. The colour shades of the synthesized dyes on nylon and acetate fabrics are indicated.
A new pigment to be used in combination with zinc dust in zinc‐rich anti‐corrosive paints
Authors: Morcillo M. , Svoboda M. , Feliu S. , Kanápek B. , Simancas J. , Kubátova H.
Published: April 2007

Zinc‐rich paints (ZRP) are considered to be an important technological development for corrosion protection. The percentage of zinc corroded during the cathodic protection stage of zinc‐rich coatings is relatively small in comparison with the initial total zinc content. This fact, together with the relatively high cost of zinc, the desire to avoid some interferences with the welding process, and the sedimentation of the zinc dust in cans, are some of the reasons to search for co‐pigments (extenders) in ZRP formulas. In the paper the anti‐corrosive performance of ZRP formulas including a new conductive inorganic co‐pigment of low specific density (SVUOM) are shown.
Remarketing of Autos
Authors: Blackwell Roger D.
Published: April 2007

Marketing institutions emerge and evolve in response to changes in the
marketing environment. Describes such changes in one of North America′s
most vital areas of marketing – automobiles. One of the institutions that
have evolved in response to these changes is auto auctions.
Understanding the changing role of auto auctions is not only important
in the analysis of how auto manufacturers and retailers may survive the
turbulent changes that characterize contemporary auto markets, but it
also helps clarify the rapidly emerging practice of remarketing – and
defines this process.
Key account management at company and individual levels in business‐to‐business relationships
Authors: Ojasalo Jukka
Published: April 2007

What is the nature of the key account management (KAM) approach? Various themes have been discussed under the title “key account management”, however, the approach seems to lack coherence and clearly requires further conceptualization. Based on an extensive literature analysis, this article identifies and describes the basic elements of KAM and offers a definition of it. What kind of managerial practices facilitate KAM at the company and individual levels? Although paying customers in the business‐to‐business market are organizations, they are always represented by individuals. Thus, successful KAM requires appropriate handling at both the organizational and the individual levels. This paper describes the nature of company‐ and individual‐level customer benefits in business‐to‐business relationships. As a synthesis, this paper suggests a framework for KAM practices deploying the main elements of KAM and the company and individual levels of business‐to‐business relationships.
The impact of switching costs on the customer satisfaction‐loyalty link: mobile phone service in France
Authors: Lee Jonathan , Lee Janghyuk , Feick Lawrence
Published: April 2007

The main objective of customer satisfaction programs is to increase customer retention rates. In explaining the link between customer satisfaction and loyalty, switching costs play an important role and provide useful insight. For example, the presence of switching costs can mean that some seemingly loyal customers are actually dissatisfied but do not defect because of high switching costs. Thus, the level of switching costs moderates the link between satisfaction and loyalty. The purposes of this paper are: to examine the moderating role of switching costs in the customer satisfaction‐loyalty link; and to identify customer segments and then analyze the heterogeneity in the satisfaction‐loyalty link among the different segments. An empirical example based on the mobile phone service market in France indicates support for the moderating role of switching costs. Managerial implications of the results are discussed.
Re‐engineering school leadership
Authors: Davies Brent
Published: April 2007

Re‐engineering, or, to call it by its correct name, business process re‐engineering, has been sweeping the business world for the last few years. But does it have any implications for education? Puts forward the view that a re‐engineering approach is a valuable way of rethinking the nature of school leadership and management to meet the challenge of the twenty‐first century. Suggests more appropriate ways of leading and managing to meet the challenges ahead.
Futures and strategic perspectives in school planning
Authors: Davies Brent , Ellison Linda
Published: April 2007

School planning has developed significantly over the last ten years with the universal acceptance of school development planning formats and approaches. However, the move to school‐based management and greater autonomy has increased the need for schools to take on a wider planning role and responsibility. This paper considers three models of planning. It briefly outlines the original model of school development planning that the authors articulated in 1992 but then examines the need for schools to extend their planning from short‐term school development planning to longer‐term strategic planning and, most significantly, to incorporate “futures thinking”. It then develops a new model which the authors believe should be more responsive to the needs of school planning in the future.
On the role conflict of auditors in Korea
Authors: Mo Koo Chi , Seog Sim Ho
Published: April 2007

This study on auditor’s conflict consists of three parts. The first is a discussion of the theory regarding auditor’s role conflict. From a theoretical basis, the causes for role conflict are distinguished by the structural inconsistency of roles, the “free engagement system” which is a kind of free market system of audit contracting between auditors and clients, and the expectation gap. The second part is a review of the Korean environment and a history of the audit in order to see what causes auditor’s role conflict. The results show that auditors in Korea face a substantial role conflict. The conflict arises because auditors try to maintain their professional norms and at the same time consider the client manager’s wishes. The third part is a proposed solution based on an empirical study conducted in Korea to resolve the auditor’s role conflict. This study stresses the need for a separation of the auditor’s role into a service function and a monitoring function.
“A little encouragement”: health services and domestic violence
Authors: Bates Lucy , Hancock Lynne , Peterkin Danna
Published: April 2007

The aim of this study was to identify those elements of health care which women who have experienced domestic violence consider to represent quality care and explore opportunities for an area health service to improve its service delivery to these women. To do this nine focus groups were conducted with six urban and three rural groups, recruited from Women’s Support Services and Refuges, and 65 women participated. A trained facilitator conducted the focus groups with a representative from each participating organisation. Audiotapes were transcribed then coded using a thematic analysis approach. Analysis of the tapes revealed six opportunities for improvement of health services. Improve services to Aboriginal women; increase access to services; promote available services; improve the health service environment; educate service providers; and provide specialist health services. A major theme to emerge was the importance of a supportive environment where women were supported to make choices for their future.
Guidelines, Protocols and Outcomes
Authors: Long Andrew F.
Published: April 2007

Clinical guidelines are being widely advocated. Discusses the agenda for
outcomes in a context of both purchasing and providing and from user and
clinical perspectives. Debates the question of whether practitioners
will change their behaviour and act on research evidence.
Secondments in Health Care Quality Assurance
Authors: Greig Joy I.
Published: April 2007

Describes different types of secondment in quality assurance. Addresses
the social and occupational characteristics of the associated roles.
Demonstrates that the benefits of secondment outweigh the limitations.
Suggests that changes in the health care system are providing continuous
scope for secondment and that this, therefore, should be taken advantage
of.
Negotiation and work flexibility in France
Authors: Schwamberger Yannick , Yami Saïd
Published: April 2007

Presents the idea that the “Aubry” law context, which concerns the reorganization of working time, constitutes an encouragement to decentralize the collective negotiation. Introduced in June 1998, this mechanism represents an opportunity to observe innovative negotiation modes and the construct of organizations’ models. These models aim to associate the principles of Taylorism with the increasing need for flexibility. Through negotiation cases, the authors observe the manner in which the social partners build satisfactory compromises regarding work and the organization of working time. Such processes show the ability of employees to participate in organizational constructs and their creativity. The empirical observations illustrate the debate on the renewal of the Taylorian approach for organizations. Historically, in France, the action of trade union organizations has been deeply rooted in the protest against the Taylorian model; today the union movement constitutes, in our understanding, one phase of professional relations in the reshaping process of the Taylorian model of organization.
Dramatism as method: the promise of praxis
Authors: Graham‐Hill Steve , Grimes Andrew J.
Published: April 2007

“Praxis” is the stated goal of Radical Humanist scholarship. But, this has been a goal without realization, and without method. To our knowledge there is no record of the realization of this goal in a management context. This paper reports our effort to develop a method to achieve praxis – “dramatism” as suggested by the work of Kenneth Burke, our “field test” of dramatism in a business setting, and the extent of our “success.” Our partial success points to refinements in the method, as it applies to Critical Theory agenda. We conclude by re‐examining our understanding of praxis, questioning our purposes, and discussing the power of the method to affect the researchers.
Lead‐free alloys
Authors: Zoran Miric Anton , Grusd Angela
Published: April 2007

In recent years, efforts to develop alternatives to lead‐based solders have increased dramatically. These efforts began as a response to potential legislation and regulations restricting lead usage in the electronics industry. Lead is extremely toxic when inhaled or ingested. As researchers began to focus on Pb‐free solders, they recognized their value in high temperature applications (e.g. automotive manufacturing) where Sn/Pb solders do not meet the requirements. There are many factors to consider when developing lead‐free alloys: manufacturability, availability, reliability, cost and environmental safety. Of these, the most challenging and time consuming is the reliability of alternative solders. The lead‐free alloys available cannot be used as a drop‐in replacement for the SnPb or SnPbAg. The introduction of lead‐free solder alloys may mean having to use alternative component and PCB metallizations, PCB materials, solder fluxes, etc.
Towards joint value creation processes in professional services
Authors: Hirvonen Pauliina , Helander Nina
Published: April 2007

Studies customer relationships in professional services. A framework is proposed for managing professional service relationships in a way that creates value for both parties of the relationship. Furthermore, through the framework the marketer is able to discover also those customer needs that the customer itself is not even aware of. The framework and the benefits of joint value creation are illustrated through a case study of an organisation providing learning and personnel development services.
Six sigma black belt implementation
Authors: Ingle Sarah , Roe Willo
Published: April 2007

Examines different approaches that can be utilised to introduce a Six Sigma Black Belt programme. Compares and contrasts the implementation strategies used in both Motorola and General Electric. Provides information based on a literature review as well as interview evidence from employees in both firms. Concludes by defining the overall approach used by each company. The benefits as well as some criticisms of the Six Sigma and Black Belt methodology are also provided, and we warn about the dangers of focusing on the metric rather than the mission.
Comparing the Brazilian national quality award with some of the major prizes
Authors: Cauchick Miguel P.A.
Published: April 2007

Deals with some of the quality award programmes applied worldwide. First, briefly describes five quality awards: the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award from the USA, the European Quality Award, the Deming Prize of Japan, the Canadian Quality Award and the Australian Quality Award. Second, presents the National Quality Award of Brazil. Outlines its criteria for performance excellence and some descriptors. Additionally, describes the application procedure, evaluation process, and the scoring methodology. Finally, performs a comparison between the major awards and the Brazilian programme in order to identify some similarities and differences among them. It can be remarked that the major internationally recognised quality awards use evaluation criteria which are similar in nature, when compared with the Brazilian award.
Effectiveness of Proban® flame retardant in used clothing
Authors: House James R. , Squire James D.
Published: April 2007

During conflict, Royal Navy personnel wear a two‐ply flame‐retardant (FR) “action coverall” (AC) and “anti‐flash” (AF) hood and gloves, made from Proban (Albright & Wilson's registered trademark) treated cotton. It is a widely held belief that extended wear, and repeated washing damages the Proban® FR finish making the garments more susceptible to ignition if exposed to flame. To examine this, new and used AC and AF were exposed up to 10 s on a flame manikin. The examples of used AC and AF had been worn for approximately 56 days and washed 20 times over a 12 week period at sea. For flame challenges up to 10 s, much greater than expected in a fuel explosion, the protection afforded by the used clothing was as good as for the new clothing, with some evidence that protection had improved. It is concluded that the Proban® FR treatment was not damaged by wear or washing.