bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cramer-Rao Lower Bound Evaluation for Linear Frequency Modulation Based Active Radar Networks Operating in a Rice Fading Environment
Authors: Shi Chenguang , Salous Sana , Wang Fei , Zhou Jianjiang
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates the joint target parameter (delay and Doppler) estimation performance of linear frequency modulation (LFM)-based radar networks in a Rice fading environment. The active radar networks are composed of multiple radar transmitters and multichannel receivers placed on moving platforms. First, the log-likelihood function of the received signal for a Rician target is derived, where the received signal scattered off the target comprises of dominant scatterer (DS) component and weak isotropic scatterers (WIS) components. Then, the analytically closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) on the Cartesian coordinates of target position and velocity are calculated, which can be adopted as a performance metric to access the target parameter estimation accuracy for LFM-based radar network systems in a Rice fading environment. It is found that the cumulative Fisher information matrix (FIM) is a linear combination of both DS component and WIS components, and it also demonstrates that the joint CRLB is a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), target’s radar cross section (RCS) and transmitted waveform parameters, as well as the relative geometry between the target and the radar network architectures. Finally, numerical results are provided to indicate that the joint target parameter estimation performance of active radar networks can be significantly improved with the exploitation of DS component.
A Self-Adaptive Model-Based Wi-Fi Indoor Localization Method
Authors: Tuta Jure , Juric Matjaz
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a novel method for indoor localization, developed with the main aim of making it useful for real-world deployments. Many indoor localization methods exist, yet they have several disadvantages in real-world deployments—some are static, which is not suitable for long-term usage; some require costly human recalibration procedures; and others require special hardware such as Wi-Fi anchors and transponders. Our method is self-calibrating and self-adaptive thus maintenance free and based on Wi-Fi only. We have employed two well-known propagation models—free space path loss and ITU models—which we have extended with additional parameters for better propagation simulation. Our self-calibrating procedure utilizes one propagation model to infer parameters of the space and the other to simulate the propagation of the signal without requiring any additional hardware beside Wi-Fi access points, which is suitable for real-world usage. Our method is also one of the few model-based Wi-Fi only self-adaptive approaches that do not require the mobile terminal to be in the access-point mode. The only input requirements of the method are Wi-Fi access point positions, and positions and properties of the walls. Our method has been evaluated in single- and multi-room environments, with measured mean error of 2–3 and 3–4 m, respectively, which is similar to existing methods. The evaluation has proven that usable localization accuracy can be achieved in real-world environments solely by the proposed Wi-Fi method that relies on simple hardware and software requirements.
Bio-Photonic Detection and Quantitative Evaluation Method for the Progression of Dental Caries Using Optical Frequency-Domain Imaging Method
Authors: Wijesinghe Ruchire , Cho Nam , Park Kibeom , Jeon Mansik , Kim Jeehyun
Published: December 2016

The initial detection of dental caries is an essential biomedical requirement to barricade the progression of caries and tooth demineralization. The objective of this study is to introduce an optical frequency-domain imaging technique based quantitative evaluation method to calculate the volume and thickness of enamel residual, and a quantification method was developed to evaluate the total intensity fluctuation in depth direction owing to carious lesions, which can be favorable to identify the progression of dental caries in advance. The cross-sectional images of the ex vivo tooth samples were acquired using 1.3 μm spectral domain optical coherence tomography system (SD-OCT). Moreover, the advantages of the proposed method over the conventional dental inspection methods were compared to highlight the potential capability of OCT. As a consequence, the threshold parameters obtained through the developed method can be used as an efficient investigating technique for the initial detection of demineralization.
Enabling SDN in VANETs: What is the Impact on Security?
Authors: Di Maio Antonio , Palattella Maria , Soua Ridha , Lamorte Luca , Vilajosana Xavier , Alonso-Zarate Jesus , Engel Thomas
Published: December 2016

The demand for safe and secure journeys over roads and highways has been growing at a tremendous pace over recent decades. At the same time, the smart city paradigm has emerged to improve citizens’ quality of life by developing the smart mobility concept. Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are widely recognized to be instrumental in realizing such concept, by enabling appealing safety and infotainment services. Such networks come with their own set of challenges, which range from managing high node mobility to securing data and user privacy. The Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm has been identified as a suitable solution for dealing with the dynamic network environment, the increased number of connected devices, and the heterogeneity of applications. While some preliminary investigations have been already conducted to check the applicability of the SDN paradigm to VANETs, and its presumed benefits for managing resources and mobility, it is still unclear what impact SDN will have on security and privacy. Security is a relevant issue in VANETs, because of the impact that threats can have on drivers’ behavior and quality of life. This paper opens a discussion on the security threats that future SDN-enabled VANETs will have to face, and investigates how SDN could be beneficial in building new countermeasures. The analysis is conducted in real use cases (smart parking, smart grid of electric vehicles, platooning, and emergency services), which are expected to be among the vehicular applications that will most benefit from introducing an SDN architecture.
Marine Ecological Environment Management Based on Ecological Compensation Mechanisms
Authors: Qu Qunzhen , Tsai Sang-Bing , Tang Mengxue , Xu Congjiang , Dong Weiwei
Published: December 2016

The level of marine environmental management is a key factor in the successful implementation of marine power strategies. The improvement in management levels of marine environments requires innovation in marine management. In other words, the transformation of marine environmental management into marine ecological environment management must be done in order to achieve sustainable development of the marine economy. As an environmental economic policy that combines both administrative and market measures, ecological compensation mechanisms have significant advantages in marine ecological environment management. Based on the study of the current development of ecological compensation mechanisms in China, through the analysis of the connotation of marine ecological civilization, existing marine ecological protection practices and marine environmental management methods, this paper posits that the current marine ecological environment management in China should be established on the basis of ecological compensation mechanisms. At present, a lack of laws and regulations for overall marine ecological environment management is the key factor restricting the practice of marine ecological environment management. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the current path of marine ecological environment management in China from the perspective of the construction of legal system of ecological compensation law, the establishment of ecological compensation fees, ecological taxes and ecological compensation fund systems, and the clear status for a marine ecological management and supervision body.
Study of Perceptions on Cultural Events’ Sustainability
Authors: Negruşa Adina , Toader Valentin , Rus Rozalia , Cosma Smaranda
Published: December 2016

Cultural events and festivals can have a significant and important influence on the development of local communities. Their utilization of the endogenous resources of an area means that these events, most often, have a positive impact on the local economy. Quite consequentially, they may also extend the socio-cultural opportunities of local citizens. However, their utilization of time and space does raise concerns regarding environmental impact. Therefore, it is imperative that stakeholders study their net impact on a region. This present paper examines the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impact of the Transilvania International Film Festival (TIFF). With a history of 15 editions, the festival gathers, year by year, an increasing number of people in Cluj-Napoca. The growth of the event has had unmistakable and important effects on the city. The purpose of the paper is to analyze resident participants’ perceptions on economic, socio-cultural, and environmental effects. To reach this goal, an exploratory and descriptive research was conducted. Both primary and secondary data were used in the analysis, the questionnaire being the main tool used for collecting data about participants’ perceptions. The results emphasize the positive effects at the socio-cultural level. The festival provides multiple possibilities to spend free time in a pleasant way, it sustains the development of cultural life, and it improves the educational and the cultural level of community. Moreover, the festival does not influence, in a negative manner, the moral principles of the society and it does not generate an increase in crime rate. From the economic point of view, the festival has the capacity to attract investments and additional revenues for the local government, it sustains the development of the city infrastructure, and it creates opportunities for residents to develop new economic activities. Lastly, from the environmental point of view, the festival sustains the improvement of environmental issues, it does not generate important traffic problems, and it does not deteriorate touristic resources.
Eco-Efficiency Analysis of Industrial Systems in the Songhua River Basin: A Decomposition Model Approach
Authors: Guo Fuyou , Lo Kevin , Tong Lianjun
Published: December 2016

Eco-efficiency is an important sustainable development and circular economy construct that conceptualizes the relationship between industrial output, resource utilization, and environmental impacts. This paper conducts an eco-efficiency analysis for basin industrial systems using the decomposition model approach. Using data on 10 cities in China’s Songhua River basin, we illustrate the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of industrial systems’ eco-efficiency. The results indicate that cities in upstream and midstream areas focus on improving resource efficiency, whereas cities in downstream areas focus on improving terminal control efficiency. The results also show that the government plays an increasingly important role in promoting eco-efficiency and that significant differences in the influencing factors exist among the upstream area, midstream area, and downstream area. Our results offer deeper insights into the eco-efficiency of industrial systems and give further hints on how policy-making can help achieve sustainable development, balancing between economic activities and environmental protection.
Evaluating the Sustainability of Nature Reserves Using an Ecological Footprint Method: A Case Study in China
Authors: Liu Xiaoman , Jiang Dong , Wang Qiao , Liu Huiming , Li Jin , Fu Zhuo
Published: December 2016

Nature reserves are established to protect ecosystems and rare flora and fauna. However, with the rapid development of the social economy, many nature reserves are facing enormous pressures from human activities. The assessment of the sustainability of nature reserves is a fundamental task for the planning and management of such areas. In this study, the sustainability of China’s 319 national nature reserves (NRRs) was evaluated based on an ecological footprint (EF) method. The results indicated that the per capita ecological footprints of all national nature reserves increased 85.86% from 2000 to 2010. Meanwhile, the per capita biocapacity (BC) of all national nature reserves increased slightly, with a rate of increase of 1.79%. The ‘traffic light’ method was adopted to identify the sustainability status of those national nature reserves. It was found that currently (2010) 45% of NRRs were in the condition of ecological deficit. In terms of dynamic changes in EF and BC, only 16% of NRRs were sustainable. The 124 national nature reserves that were in the red light state were mainly distributed in Anhui Province, Chongqing City, Hunan, Guizhou, Fujian, Shandong Province, and Inner Mongolia. The percentage of nature reserves at the red light state in these areas were 83.3%, 66.7%, 64.7%, 62.5%, 58.3%, 57.1%, and 56.5%, respectively. The reserves in the red light state should be included in the priority concern level and should be strictly controlled in terms of population growth and the intensity of exploitation. The results of this study will provide more effective data for reference and for decision making support in nature reserve protection.
M-Polynomial and Degree-Based Topological Indices of Polyhex Nanotubes
Authors: Munir Mobeen , Nazeer Waqas , Rafique Shazia , Kang Shin
Published: December 2016

The discovery of new nanomaterials adds new dimensions to industry, electronics, and pharmaceutical and biological therapeutics. In this article, we first find closed forms of M-polynomials of polyhex nanotubes. We also compute closed forms of various degree-based topological indices of these tubes. These indices are numerical tendencies that often depict quantitative structural activity/property/toxicity relationships and correlate certain physico-chemical properties, such as boiling point, stability, and strain energy, of respective nanomaterial. To conclude, we plot surfaces associated to M-polynomials and characterize some facts about these tubes.
Co-Occurrence of Regulated, Masked and Emerging Mycotoxins and Secondary Metabolites in Finished Feed and Maize—An Extensive Survey
Authors: Kovalsky Paula , Kos Gregor , Nährer Karin , Schwab Christina , Jenkins Timothy , Schatzmayr Gerd , Sulyok Michael , Krska Rudolf
Published: December 2016

Global trade of agricultural commodities (e.g., animal feed) requires monitoring for fungal toxins. Also, little is known about masked and emerging toxins and metabolites. 1926 samples from 52 countries were analysed for toxins and metabolites. Of 162 compounds detected, up to 68 metabolites were found in a single sample. A subset of 1113 finished feed, maize and maize silage samples containing 57 compounds from 2012 to 2015 from 44 countries was investigated using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins showed large increases of annual medians in Europe. Within a region, distinct trends were observed, suggesting importance of local meteorology and cultivars. In 2015, median DON concentrations increased to 1400 μ g·kg − 1 in Austria, but were stable in Germany at 350 μ g·kg − 1 . In 2014, enniatins occurred at median concentrations of 250 μ g·kg − 1 in Europe, at levels similar to DON and ZEN. The latter were frequently correlated with DON-3-glucoside and ZEN-14-sulfate. Co-occurrence of regulated toxins was frequent with e.g., enniatins, and moniliformin. Correlation was observed between DON and DON-3-glucoside and with beauvericin. Results indicate that considerably more than 25% of agricultural commodities could be contaminated with mycotoxins as suggested by FAO, although this is at least partly due to the lower limits of detection in the current survey. Observed contamination percentages ranged from 7.1 to 79% for B trichothecenes and 88% for ZEN.
Co-Administration of Lipid Nanoparticles and Sub-Unit Vaccine Antigens Is Required for Increase in Antigen-Specific Immune Responses in Mice
Authors: Thoryk Elizabeth , Swaminathan Gokul , Meschino Steven , Cox Kara , Gindy Marian , Casimiro Danilo , Bett Andrew
Published: December 2016

A vast body of evidence suggests that nanoparticles function as potent immune-modulatory agents. We have previously shown that Merck proprietary Lipid NanoParticles (LNPs) markedly boost B-cell and T-cell responses to sub-unit vaccine antigens in mice. To further evaluate the specifics of vaccine delivery and dosing regimens in vivo, we performed immunogenicity studies in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice using two model antigens, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Ovalbumin (OVA), respectively. To assess the requirement for co-administration of antigen and LNP for the elicitation of immune responses, we evaluated immune responses after administering antigen and LNP to separate limbs, or administering antigen and LNP to the same limb but separated by 24 h. We also evaluated formulations combining antigen, LNP, and aluminum-based adjuvant amorphous aluminum hydroxylphosphate sulfate (MAA) to look for synergistic adjuvant effects. Analyses of antigen-specific B-cell and T-cell responses from immunized mice revealed that the LNPs and antigens must be co-administered—both at the same time and in the same location—in order to boost antigen-specific immune responses. Mixing of antigen with MAA prior to formulation with LNP did not impact the generation of antigen-specific B-cell responses, but drastically reduced the ability of LNPs to boost antigen-specific T-cell responses. Overall, our data demonstrate that the administration of LNPs and vaccine antigen together enables their immune-stimulatory properties.
A Methodology for the Optimization of Flow Rate Injection to Looped Water Distribution Networks through Multiple Pumping Stations
Authors: León-Celi Christian , Iglesias-Rey Pedro , Martínez-Solano F. , Mora-Melia Daniel
Published: December 2016

The optimal function of a water distribution network is reached when the consumer demands are satisfied using the lowest quantity of energy, maintaining the minimal pressure required at the same time. One way to achieve this is through optimization of flow rate injection based on the use of the setpoint curve concept. In order to obtain that, a methodology is proposed. It allows for the assessment of the flow rate and pressure head that each pumping station has to provide for the proper functioning of the network while the minimum power consumption is kept. The methodology can be addressed in two ways: the discrete method and the continuous method. In the first method, a finite set of combinations is evaluated between pumping stations. In the continuous method, the search for the optimal solution is performed using optimization algorithms. In this paper, Hooke–Jeeves and Nelder–Mead algorithms are used. Both the hydraulics and the objective function used by the optimization are solved through EPANET and its Toolkit. Two case studies are evaluated, and the results of the application of the different methods are discussed.
Performance and N2O Formation of the Deammonification Process by Suspended Sludge and Biofilm Systems—A Pilot-Scale Study
Authors: Leix Carmen , Hartl Rebecca , Zeh Christian , Beer Franz , Drewes Jörg , Koch Konrad
Published: December 2016

A two-stage deammonification pilot plant with two different second-stage reactors, namely a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with suspended sludge and a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with biofilm carriers, was investigated over a 1.5-year period to compare reactor performances. Additionally, dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) was measured to determine the reactors’ N2O formation potential. Although the nitritation performance was moderate (NO2-N/NH4-N effluent ratio of 0.32 ± 0.15 in combination with SBR and 0.25 ± 0.14 with MBBR), nitrogen turnover and degradation rates exceeding 500 g N/(m3∙day) and 80%, respectively, were achieved in both second stages, yet requiring additional aeration. The SBR’s average nitrogen removal was 19% higher than the MBBR’s; however, the SBR’s nitrite influent concentration was comparably elevated. Concerning N2O formation, the nitritation reactor exhibited the lowest N2O concentrations, while the buffer tank, interconnecting the first and second stages, exhibited the highest N2O concentrations of all reactors. Given these high concentrations, a transfer of N2O into the second stage was observed, where anoxic phases enabled N2O reduction. Frequent biomass removal and a decreased hydraulic retention time in the buffer tank would likely minimize N2O formation. For the second stage, enabling anoxic periods in the intermittent aeration cycles right after feeding to support N2O reduction and thus minimize the stripping effects or the implementation of a complete anoxic ammonium oxidation will mitigate N2O emissions.
Smoking cessation interventions for patients with coronary heart disease and comorbidities: an observational cross-sectional study in primary care
Authors: Blane David N , Mackay Daniel , Guthrie Bruce , Mercer Stewart W
Published: December 2016

Background

Little is known about how smoking cessation practices in primary care differ for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who have different comorbidities.

Aim

To determine the association between different patterns of comorbidity and smoking rates and smoking cessation interventions in primary care for patients with CHD.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional study of 81 456 adults with CHD in primary care in Scotland.

Method

Details of eight concordant physical comorbidities, 23 discordant physical comorbidities, and eight mental health comorbidities were extracted from electronic health records between April 2006 and March 2007. Multilevel binary logistic regression models were constructed to determine the association between these patterns of comorbidity and smoking status, smoking cessation advice, and smoking cessation medication (nicotine replacement therapy) prescribed.

Results

The most deprived quintile had nearly three times higher odds of being current smokers than the least deprived (odds ratio [OR] 2.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.49 to 3.05). People with CHD and two or more mental health comorbidities had more than twice the odds of being current smokers than those with no mental health conditions (OR 2.11; 95% CI = 1.99 to 2.24). Despite this, those with two or more mental health comorbidities (OR 0.77; 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.98) were less likely to receive smoking cessation advice, but absolute differences were small.

Conclusion

Patterns of comorbidity are associated with variation in smoking status and the delivery of smoking cessation advice among people with CHD in primary care. Those from the most deprived areas and those with mental health problems are considerably more likely to be current smokers and require additional smoking cessation support.
Detecting Anxiety States when Caring for People with Dementia
Authors: Miranda Darién , Arnrich Bert , Favela Jesús
Published: December 2016

Background: Caregiving is a complex, stressful activity, which frequently leads to anxiety and the development of depressive disorders. Recent advances in wearable sensing allows to monitor relevant physiological data of the caregiver for detecting anxiety spans and for enacting coping strategies to reduce their anxiety when needed.

Objectives: This work proposes a method to infer anxiety states of caregivers when caring for people with dementia, by using physiological data.

Methods: A model using Markov chains for detecting internal anxiety states is proposed. The model is tested with a physiological dataset gathered from a naturalistic enactment experiment with 10 participants. A visual analysis for observing anxiety states is employed. The Markov chain model is evaluated by using Inter-beat Interval (IBI) data to detect 4 internal states: “Relaxed”, “Arousing”, “Anxiety”, and “Relaxing”.

Results: From the visual inspection of interbeat interval data, self-report and observation labels a total of 823 state segments were identified which contained the following states: 137 “relaxed”, 91 “arousing”, 410 “anxious”, and 185 “relaxing”. By using the average IBI value of 60 seconds segments as classification feature, the model was evaluated with a “leave one-out” cross validation with an average accuracy of 73.03%.

Conclusions: We proposed a Markov chain model for internal anxiety state detection of caregivers that care for people with dementia. The model was evaluated in a naturalistic enactment experiment with 10 participants. The resulting accuracy is comparable to previous results on stress classification.
LICK INDICES AND SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS BASED ON AN M31 STAR CLUSTER SAMPLE: COMPARISONS OF METHODS AND MODELS
Authors: Fan Zhou , Grijs Richard de , Chen Bingqiu , Jiang Linhua , Bian Fuyan , Li Zhongmu
Published: December 2016

Application of fitting techniques to obtain physical parameters—such as ages, metallicities, and α-element to iron ratios—of stellar populations is an important approach to understanding the nature of both galaxies and globular clusters (GCs). In fact, fitting methods based on different underlying models may yield different results and with varying precision. In this paper, we have selected 22 confirmed M31 GCs for which we do not have access to previously known spectroscopic metallicities. Most are located at approximately one degree (in projection) from the galactic center. We performed spectroscopic observations with the 6.5 m MMT telescope, equipped with its Red Channel Spectrograph. Lick/IDS absorption-line indices, radial velocities, ages, and metallicities were derived based on the EZ_Ages stellar population parameter calculator. We also applied full spectral fitting with the ULySS code to constrain the parameters of our sample star clusters. In addition, we performed

fitting of the clusters’ Lick/IDS indices with different models, including the Bruzual & Charlot models (adopting Chabrier or Salpeter stellar initial mass functions and 1994 or 2000 Padova stellar evolutionary tracks), the galev, and the Thomas et al. models. For comparison, we collected their UVBRIJK photometry from the Revised Bologna Catalogue (v.5) to obtain and fit the GCs’ spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Finally, we performed fits using a combination of Lick/IDS indices and SEDs. The latter results are more reliable and the associated error bars become significantly smaller than those resulting from either our Lick/IDS indices-only or our SED-only fits.
Safety and Efficacy of the HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitor Prodrug Fostemsavir in Antiretroviral-Experienced Subjects: Week 48 Analysis of AI438011, a Phase IIb, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors:   the AI438011 study team, Thompson Melanie , Lalezari Jacob P , Kaplan Richard , Pinedo Yvett , Pena Otto A Sussmann , Cahn Pedro , Stock David A , Joshi Samit R , Hanna George J , Lataillade Max
Published: December 2016

Background

Fostemsavir is a prodrug of temsavir, an attachment inhibitor that binds directly to HIV-1 gp120, blocking initial viral attachment and entry into host CD4+ T-cells. Efficacy, safety and dose-response data of fostemsavir in treatment-experienced, HIV-1-infected subjects, through week 48, are reported.

Methods

AI438011 is an ongoing Phase IIb, randomized, active-controlled trial (NCT01384734). Subjects were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 into five arms: fostemsavir (400 mg twice daily, 800 mg twice daily, 600 mg once daily or 1,200 mg once daily) and a reference arm (ritonavir-boosted atazanavir [ATV/r] 300/100 mg once daily), each with a backbone of raltegravir 400 mg twice daily plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg once daily.

Results

In total, 251 subjects were treated. Through week 48, the proportion of fostemsavir subjects with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml was 61–82% and 77–95% (modified intent-to-treat [mITT] and observed analysis, respectively); 71% and 88% for ATV/r subjects (mITT and observed). Observed virological response rates were 74-100% versus 96% (fostemsavir versus ATV/r) in subjects with baseline viral load <100,000 copies/ml and 60-91% versus 71% when baseline viral load was ≥100,000 copies/ml. Across fostemsavir arms, median CD4+ T-cell count increases from baseline were 145-186 cells/μl and 142 cells/μl for the ATV/r arm. Fostemsavir doses were generally well tolerated and no fostemsavir-related adverse events led to discontinuation.

Conclusions

Through week 48, fostemsavir continued to be well tolerated and showed similar efficacy to ATV/r. These results support the ongoing Phase III trial in heavily treatment-experienced adults with limited therapeutic options (≤2 classes of active antiretrovirals remaining). ClinicalTrials.gov identifer: NCT01384734.
La voix (parlée et chantée) en psychothérapie : effet de contenance et mobilisation de l’archaïque
Authors: Proust Kérel
Published: December 2016

Partant de différentes situations cliniques, l’auteure tente de montrer, combien la voix imprègne le processus psychothérapique à des niveaux profondément inconscients, de la même manière qu’elle constitue la base de notre construction identitaire. Elle montre, à travers des médiations par le chant, comment la voix et le son peuvent servir de contenant psychique dans la relation à l’autre, et plus généralement discute la portée de l’usage de la voix. L’auteure propose enfin une utilisation de la voix chantée dans le soin, en particulier dans le champ de la périnatalité, dans une perspective psychanalytique.
Des mouvements transférentiels dans les groupes thérapeutiques à médiations expressives : enjeux, apports et limites
Authors: Treich Laura , Godjo Sosthène
Published: December 2016

Les indications d’une prise en charge groupale à médiations expressives ont souvent différentes origines : inhibition à parler de soi, faibles capacités d’élaboration, difficulté à faire face à l’intensité de la relation duelle… Ainsi le transfert dans le groupe est diffracté et permet un allègement de la charge émotionnelle. Parmi les différents mouvements psychiques à l’œuvre dans des groupes thérapeutiques à médiations expressives, quels sont les effets de l’écoute de la souffrance de l’autre ? Le groupe offre une contenance, un lieu de subjectivation et favorise une richesse de supports identificatoires, ainsi que la possibilité de créer du lien pour sortir du repli. Il existe cependant des contre-indications à ces groupes. Lorsque le patient n’est pas en capacité de s’identifier pleinement à l’autre, que le repli narcissique est trop important, la souffrance de l’autre ne peut-elle pas avoir un effet amplificateur à sa propre souffrance, venant faire effraction et renforcer la dimension traumatique de sa situation ?
« Le paradis, c’est là où vivent les morts » : pratique des groupes auprès d’enfants endeuillés
Authors: Montheil Michel , Chaudun Virginie , Pietri Anne-Marie
Published: December 2016

Les auteurs observent que les enfants endeuillés doivent non seulement désinvestir l’objet perdu, selon les termes même que Freud a donné au « travail du deuil », mais ils doivent aussi faire face à une régression globale, à la fois psychique et somatique, pour se reconstruire. Le groupe de parole et la médiation corporelle complètent ce que le langage offre pour élaborer les pertes et les questions liées à la mort. Les auteurs discutent la manière dont ces différents dispositifs à médiations contribuent à restaurer les différentes bases psychiques et somatiques altérées par le deuil chez ces enfants. Ils montrent comment les médiations utilisées permettent l’expression de souffrances et de quelle manière leur élaboration œuvre à une réinscription dans leurs assises narcissiques et corporelles.
La création artistique : un miroir pour Narcisse
Authors: Denis Paul
Published: December 2016

L’auteur aborde la valeur thérapeutique de l’art créatif en lui-même et sa valeur de reflet de l’état intérieur du sujet. La création peut soutenir un meilleur équilibre de son économie narcissique. Partant d’exemples de célèbres artistes, il montre de quelle manière l’activité de création artistique est narcissique par nature, parce que le sujet s’adresse d’abord à lui-même, met en forme des choses qui sont en lui, forme qui permet un retour vers les autres dans un second temps. La création est une entreprise narcissique et c’est ce qui fait à la fois sa valeur et le danger de sa faillite.
Aspects métapsychologiques des médiations thérapeutiques
Authors: Roussillon René
Published: December 2016

Pour les patients souffrants de troubles narcissiques-identitaires, les dispositifs thérapeutiques classiques ne peuvent pas toujours être mis en œuvre. L’auteur s’appuie sur une revue de la littérature pour présenter comment les expériences subjectives en reste d’intégration sont soumises à des formes archaïques de compulsion à la répétition et tendent à revenir sous formes hallucinatoires. Les dispositifs à médiations cherchent à offrir des attracteurs pour ces expériences subjectives afin de leur permettre de trouver des voies d’inscriptions et de symbolisation. Il discute la pertinence de ces dispositifs, leurs indications et leur articulation avec l’ensemble du travail institutionnel et propose une modélisation permettant d’inscrire ces dispositifs dans la métapsychologie psychanalytique.
Les médiations thérapeutiques en pratique institutionnelle : vision transversale conclusive et perspectives
Authors: Missonnier Sylvain
Published: December 2016

L’auteur propose dans cet article une relecture critique du colloque « Les médiations thérapeutiques en pratique institutionnelle » et propose des perspectives de travail aux cliniciens désireux d’inscrire ce dispositif singulier dans leur pratique auprès des patients. Il souligne combien jusqu’alors, les témoignages institutionnels de médiations thérapeutiques et la littérature inhérente peuvent parfois laisser perplexe le clinicien soucieux d’une ambition métapsychologique. Il rappelle que depuis une décennie les travaux des Lyonnais B. Chouvier, R. Roussillon et A. Brun ont redonné un souffle théorico-clinique inédit à la conception et à l’animation de dispositifs psychanalytiques à médiations thérapeutiques. Dans cette myriade des possibles dispositifs relevant le défi de s’inscrire dans le mouvement d’une psychanalyse hors divan, les médiations thérapeutiques occupent aujourd’hui l’avant-scène après avoir constitué, trop longtemps, un parent pauvre de la pratique clinique.
Le financement de la nouvelle économie : révolution ou évolution ?
Authors: Lorenzi Jean-Hervé
Published: December 2016

Les besoins de financement élevés des acteurs du secteur des NTIC ne peuvent pas être assurés de manière classique par le secteur bancaire du fait de la difficulté à évaluer leur marché futur. Ils sont largement financés par le capital-risque ou par des business angels lors de la création d'entreprise, avant une éventuelle cotation en Bourse. On assiste donc au développement rapide de canaux de financement, pour partie préexistants (aide publique, business angels , crowdfunding , capital-investissement), mais qui ne résolvent qu'une partie du problème. Dans les faits, les géants du numérique suscitent un engouement démesuré, visible par la hausse irrationnelle des cours boursiers. Cela leur donne une force de frappe colossale qui leur permet de disposer de liquidités gigantesques et de mettre en place des stratégies de contrôle et d'absorption des start-up qui pourraient les concurrencer. Par-delà leur diversité, ces entreprises ont en effet une stratégie commune de contrôle du secteur à travers son financement : R&D, acquisitions, financement d'entreprises liées aux NTIC. La concentration du secteur va s'accroître jusqu'à susciter une réaction législative anti-monopole. Classification JEL : G24, L10, O30.
Il n’y a pas trop d’épargne, seulement de mauvaises politiques économiques
Authors: Davanne Olivier
Published: December 2016

Cet article rappelle pourquoi l’épargne semble aujourd’hui particulièrement abondante mais critique la notion d'« excès d’épargne ». Il défend l’idée selon laquelle, à moyen terme, une épargne importante peut être absorbée par l’investissement productif et, à ce titre, favorise la productivité et la croissance. La faible croissance européenne des dernières années n’était donc pas une fatalité liée à un excès d’épargne mais le résultat de politiques économiques frileuses qui ont laissé s’effondrer l’investissement productif sans réagir. Sur un plan structurel, il est cependant vrai que l’abondance de l’épargne pénalise les épargnants qui reçoivent un rendement réel médiocre, voire négatif, sur leurs placements. Dans ce contexte, la théorie économique parle de « suraccumulation » quand les taux d’intérêt réels à très long terme sont inférieurs au taux de croissance potentiel de l’économie. Dans ces situations, la dette publique ne pèse sur aucune génération et l’objectif d’équilibre budgétaire perd de sa légitimité. Par ailleurs, dans son survol des « mauvaises politiques économiques » liées à l’épargne, cet article s’inquiète de la capacité des institutions financières à continuer à prêter lors de la prochaine récession, dans un contexte où elles sont maintenant menacées par l’utilisation de pouvoirs de résolution très peu encadrés. Classification JEL : E22, E61, G28.
Le financement de marché des ETI : situation et déterminants
Authors: Boissinot Jean , Marx Thomas
Published: December 2016

On assiste depuis quelques années à la diffusion du financement de marché parmi les entreprises de taille intermédiaire (ETI). Cette évolution est portée par une combinaison de facteurs externes (taux d'intérêt durablement bas et évolutions du cadre prudentiel de la banque et de l'assurance) et du développement de modalités de financement (financement privé non bancaire) qui ont modifié les termes de l'arbitrage traditionnel entre financement de marché et financement bancaire. À partir des déterminants du choix entre différentes formes de financement, il est possible de caractériser la nouvelle population susceptible de recourir à ces nouveaux modes de financement. La consolidation de l'extension de la panoplie de financements à disposition des ETI suppose d'apporter des solutions qui assurent la pérennité et la robustesse des nouveaux termes de l'arbitrage, notamment en matière d'information et de capacité d'analyse et de suivi des investisseurs, de maintien de la confidentialité, de suivi des risques et de renégociation. Classification JEL : G23, G32, L25.
French Unemployment Dynamics: a “Three-State” Approach
Authors: Fontaine Idriss
Published: December 2016

Dans ce papier, une nouvelle évaluation des flux du marché du travail est proposée pour la période 2003-2012. Partant de l’Enquête Emploi en Continu et des définitions internationales du Bureau International du Travail, je construis les flux de travailleurs ainsi que les taux de transition entre les trois principaux états du marché du travail : l’emploi, le chômage et l’inactivité. Les propriétés cycliques des séries suggèrent que les flux impliquant conjointement l’emploi et le chômage sont les plus sensibles aux cycles économiques. Les transitions entre la participation et la non-participation au marché du travail dégagent moins de cyclicité. Ensuite, je décompose les variations du taux de chômage en appliquant aussi bien une décomposition sous approximation stationnaire qu’une décomposition hors chômage stationnaire. Avec une approche ou les trois états du marché du travail sont considérés, le taux d’accès à l’emploi apparaît comme étant le premier déterminant des fluctuations du taux de chômage français alors que le taux de séparation en est le second. Qui plus est, les exercices de décomposition démontrent que le rôle de l’inactivité n’est pas négligeable. En effet, les entrées / sorties de la population active sont à l’origine du quart des variations du taux de chômage en France. Ce constat empirique justifie une prise en compte complète du marché du travail. Enfin, je propose des analyses fondées sur trois partitions de la population française : le genre, l’âge et le niveau d’éducation. Dans ce cadre précis, les décompositions dynamiques indiquent que les origines du chômage ne sont pas les mêmes entre les sous-populations.
L’évolution de la perception de la France et des français en Caroline du Sud à l’heure des révolutions française et de Saint-Domingue 1789-1804
Authors: Aje Lawrence
Published: December 2016

Cet article s’intéresse à la perception de la France et des Français en Caroline du Sud entre 1789 et 1804, en étudiant comment, à Charleston en particulier, celle-ci évolue au gré de la radicalisation des révolutions française et de Saint-Domingue. Il analyse la façon dont les idéaux égalitaires d’inspiration française s’exportent en Caroline du Sud et sont accueillis par la population locale, avant d’examiner combien ils fragilisent l’ordre socio-racial établi, déjà fortement contesté par la crise démocratique que l’État traverse. Il montre enfin que bien qu’elles déstabilisent la Caroline du Sud, les révolutions française et de Saint-Domingue surviennent au moment où l’État exprime un fort regain d’intérêt pour la main-d’œuvre esclave dans laquelle il voit un moyen d’assurer non seulement sa réussite économique, mais également son unification politique et idéologique.
“A Little Knowledge Is Still Knowledge”: Some Remarks About Locke’s Scepticism Concerning Scientific Knowledge
Authors: Di Biase Giuliana
Published: December 2016

The charge of scepticism was already brought against Locke by one of his contemporaries: Bishop Stillingfleet criticized the limited range and certainty guaranteed to knowledge by the “new way of ideas” formulated in Locke’s Essay on Human Understanding. In his response to the bishop, Locke disclaimed scepticism as incompatible with a sincere love for truth and he denied validity to any inference of the non existence of substances from the uncertainty and obscurity of our knowledge of them. The same disclaimer can be extended to another kind of scepticism with which Locke has been charged more recently, relating to corpuscularianism: although it seemed inconceivable in many important aspects, corpuscularianism in Locke’s opinion was the theory which went closest to truth because its explanatory limits could not afford sufficient reasons to prefer alternative, more inconceivable hypotheses.
Telling Figures and Telling Feelings: The Geography of Emotions in the London of Defoe’s Journal of the Plague Year and Due Preparations for the Plague (1722)
Authors: Peraldo Emmanuelle
Published: December 2016

Defoe’s novel A Journal of the Plague Year and its novelistic documentary counterpart Due Preparations for the Plague rely on contemporary statistics to enforce the sense of the emotional and psychological impact of the trauma of the plague. Relying on psychogeography and geocriticism this paper argues that Defoe creates a mental map of 1665 London with the statistics supplied by the Bills of Mortality and other contemporary documents. He uses facts, figures and documents for emotional and psychological effect. The theoretical approach of Defoe’s texts that this paper proposes considers them as a brand new territory for emotions, arguing that emotions can be analysed by paying attention to geographical space and spatial organisations and policies.
“Silence wants not either merit or amiableness”: les silences de Clarissa
Authors: Lesueur Christophe
Published: December 2016

Impossibilité du roman épistolaire, le silence est pourtant thématisé dans la Clarissa (1748) de Samuel Richardson. Les silences de Clarissa sont polyvalents : ils affectent la communication interne comme la communication externe, les conversations représentées tout comme la correspondance elle-même. Ce travail offre une typologie des différents silences à l’œuvre dans le second roman de Samuel Richardson. Il souligne l’importance de ce qui s’avère être un acte discursif à part entière dans la construction des personnages et s’efforce de mettre en évidence la spécificité des silences de la fiction. La thématique du silence invite à une réflexion sur le rôle et la place de la femme dans la société de Clarissa tout comme dans celle que les Familiar Letters (1741) de Richardson donnent à lire en creux.
Temporalités marchandes et rapport à l'avenir dans les interactions bancaires
Authors: Roux Xavier
Published: December 2016

Les interactions bancaires constituent une scène d'observation privilégiée de la rencontre entre deux formes de temporalité des conduites économiques, celles véhiculées par les banques, et celles ancrées dans la vie familiale, l'espace domestique et les mondes sociaux dans lesquels ils s'inscrivent. Il s'agit ici de mettre à l'épreuve l'hypothèse suivante : l'étude des formes collectives du rapport à l'avenir – menée par exemple par Pierre Bourdieu en Algérie dans les années 1950, dans un contexte caractérisé par des changements sociaux profonds – peut être étendue également aux évolutions internes, moins idéaltypiques, des sociétés installées de longue date dans le système capitaliste, comme celles induites par la « mise en marché » de l'activité bancaire en France ces dernières décennies. L'ancrage de plus en plus important de l'activité des banques dans les fonctionnements marchands a modifié en profondeur leurs stratégies commerciales ; elles ont contribué à diffuser des schèmes d'action économique nouveaux auprès des consommateurs. La « mise en marché » de l'activité bancaire a ainsi véhiculé un rapport à l'avenir où se mêlent la croyance dans le progrès, la norme de la mise en projet et l'urgence décisionnelle. Ce rapport à l'avenir est tantôt intériorisé par les consommateurs, tantôt confronté à des résistances caractéristiques.
Le temps et l’utopie dans l’œuvre de Jacques Brossard
Authors: Ransom Amy J.
Published: December 2016

Le cas de Jacques Brossard (1933-2010) est unique parmi les nombreux intellectuels québécois qui se servirent du discours de l’utopie durant la Révolution tranquille et dans les mouvements pour la souveraineté qui la suivirent. Le juriste fut l’auteur de plusieurs études juridico-politiques qui visèrent à démêler le statut du Québec par rapport au Canada en ce qui concerne l’immigration, le territoire et la constitution ; il fut aussi le créateur d’une vaste utopie littéraire, la trilogie en cinq volumes L’oiseau de feu (1989-1997). Après avoir démontré comment la fiction et les études juridico-politiques de Brossard reflètent le contexte sociohistorique de leur création, nous examinons le traitement complexe du temps dans le roman épique et dans les nouvelles de cet auteur. Le traitement non-linéaire du temps dans la théorie marxiste de l’utopie d’Ernst Bloch (1885-1977) nous aide à comprendre comment l’inter-connexion des divers sédiments temporels et l’effacement des frontières entre le passé, le présent et le futur chez Brossard représentent en effet un traitement utopique du temps.
La fin des temps : millénarisme chrétien et temporalités
Authors: Dubar Claude
Published: December 2016

L’article propose et développe une interprétation du millénarisme chrétien – issu de l’Apocalypse de saint Jean et des prophéties du judaïsme antique – dans la ligne ouverte par Max Weber, en y ajoutant la question des relations entre temporalités passées, présentes et futures. Utilisant la méthode des différences, il confronte plusieurs conjonctures historiques de poussée et de condamnation du millénarisme : celle des premiers siècles du christianisme et notamment de Saint Augustin, au IVe siècle ; celle de Joachim de Flore au XIIIe siècle, celle de Thomas Munzer et de la commune anabaptiste de Munster au XVIe siècle et celle de la théologie de la libération dans l’Amérique du sud des années 1960-1970. De cette comparaison ressortent des configurations différentes des temporalités renvoyant à plusieurs figures de l’utopie de la fin des temps.