bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of CD74‐ROS1‐positive lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by next‐generation sequencing achieved long‐term survival with pemetrexed regimens
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Yoshimura Nobuaki , Asakawa Ryo , Tobita Satoshi , Yaga Moto , Ueno Kiyonobu
Published: July 2023

Previously, cytotoxic drugs were the only option for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the prognosis was poor. However, molecularly targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a breakthrough in the treatment of advanced NSCLC and have improved survival rates. In addition, advances in next‐generation sequencing (NGS) have revealed the landscape of genomic alterations in patients with different cancers, aiding in the development of new molecularly targeted drugs. The patient reported here was a 54‐year‐old woman with left lower lung adenocarcinoma. The lung cancer was staged as T2aN3M1a stageIVA 11 years ago. She had received seven regimens of chemotherapy for 11 years. Among these, pemetrexed (PEM) regimens particularly showed long‐term effects totaling more than 5 years. We performed NGS after disease progression of the seventh treatment. NGS revealed CD74‐ROS1 fusion and she was treated with entrectinib. She has been taking entrectinib for over 20 months now. Herein, we report a rare case of CD74‐ROS1‐positive lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by NGS that achieved long‐term survival with cytotoxic drugs, especially PEM regimens. In patients showing favorable clinical response to PEM regimens, physicians should consider testing for ROS1/ALK rearrangement.
An extremely rare case of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Yun , Che Guowei , Shen Cheng
Published: July 2023

Epithelioid emangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare tumor originating from vascular endothelial cells, which belongs to malignant vascular tumors with low to moderate differentiation and potential metastatic ability and its incidence rate is less than one in a million. We herein report a rare case of EHE of pulmonary origin and a review of the literature concerning the clinical and pathological features of this disease. The patient underwent left upper lobectomy to completely extirpate the lesion by video‐assisted thoracic surgery. Our findings suggest the difficulty of making a diagnosis before surgery and that more cases need to be reported in order to facilitate the preoperative diagnosis of such a rare tumor.
Navigating knowledge and ignorance in the boardroom: A study of audit committee members' oversight styles
Authors: Couchoux Oriane
Published: July 2023

Using data collected from 21 interviews with audit committee members (ACMs) of Canadian reporting issuers, this study examines the ways in which ACMs understand and enact the additional responsibilities placed on them by regulators in the post–Sarbanes‐Oxley Act era. Adopting a social constructivist approach to knowledge and expertise, the study shows that despite the financial literacy requirements for ACMs, financial expertise is far from being uniformly understood by ACMs. Indeed, ACMs perceive expertise in many different ways, which leads them to engage in a wide variety of practices to fulfill their responsibilities on audit committees (ACs). The analysis of the data makes it possible to identify three oversight styles—observing, inspecting, and storytelling—that illustrate the differences in how ACMs understand their role, prepare for AC meetings, invest time in this preparation, and develop lines of questioning. These findings provide empirical insights into both the substantive and symbolic roles of ACs and illustrate the role of knowledge and ignorance in shaping ACMs' understanding of their oversight role. This study also raises questions about the soundness of having ACs oversee multiple different processes. By highlighting that ACMs do not comprehend and enact their role uniformly, this study reveals the important nuances in ACMs' oversight approaches.
Using a cascade of care framework to identify gaps in access to medications for alcohol use disorder in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Socias Maria Eugenia , Scheuermeyer Frank Xavier , Cui Zizhan , Mok Wing Yin , Crabtree Alexis , Fairbairn Nadia , Nolan Seonaid , Slaunwhite Amanda , Ti Lianping
Published: July 2023

Background and aims

Despite the significant burden of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and availability of safe and effective medications for AUD (MAUD), population‐level estimates of access and engagement in AUD‐related care are limited. The aims of this study were to generate a cascade of care for AUD in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and to estimate the impacts of MAUD on health outcomes.

Design

This was a retrospective population‐based cohort study using linked administrative health data.

Setting

British Columbia, Canada, 2015–2019.

Participants

Using a 20% random sample of BC residents, we identified 7231 people with moderate‐to‐severe alcohol use disorder (PWAUD; overall prevalence = 0.7%).

Measurements

We developed a six‐stage AUD cascade (from diagnosis to ≥6 months retention in MAUD) among PWAUD. We evaluated trends over time and estimated the impacts of access to MAUD on AUD‐related hospitalizations, emergency department visits and death.

Findings

Between 2015 and 2019, linkage to AUD‐related care decreased (from 80.4% to 46.5%). However, rates of MAUD initiation (11.4% to 24.1%) and retention for ≥1 (7.0% to 18.2%), ≥3 (1.2% to 4.3%) or ≥6 months (0.2% to 1.6%) increased significantly. In adjusted analyses, access to MAUD was associated with reduced odds of experiencing any AUD‐related adverse outcomes, with longer retention in MAUD showing a trend to greater odds reduction: adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) ranging from 0.59 (0.48–0.71) for MAUD retention <1 month to 0.37 (0.21–0.67) for ≥6 months retention.

Conclusions

Access to medications for alcohol use disorder among people with moderate‐to‐severe alcohol use disorder in British Colombia, Canada increased between 2015 and 2019; however, initiation and retention remained low. There was a trend between longer retention in medications for alcohol use disorder and greater reductions in the odds of experiencing alcohol use disorder‐related adverse outcomes.
The filigree artistry of flash ethnography
Authors: Behar Ruth
Published: July 2023

This is an afterword to a special section on flash ethnography reflecting on the filigree artistry of these short and intricate pieces that allow us as writers to be vulnerable and write in ways that are enlightening in unexpected ways.
The influence of short‐term postoperative outcomes on overall survival after gastric cancer surgery
Authors: D'Souza Joel , McCombie Andrew , Roberts Ross
Published: July 2023

Background

Gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in combination with perioperative chemotherapy is the cornerstone of modern curative treatment for gastric adenocarcinoma. The primary objective of this study was to assess the influence of textbook outcome, postoperative complications, and readmission on survival in patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent curative and prophylactic gastric resections from 2014 to 2022 at Christchurch Hospital were identified from the hospital database. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess risk factors for each postoperative outcome. A survival analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of these outcomes on overall survival.

Results

Seventy‐seven patients underwent a gastric resection during the study period. Thirteen were prophylactic resections for E‐cadherin gene mutations and 64 were for malignancy. The overall postoperative complication rate was 34%, with an anastomotic leak rate of 8% (n = 6). The 30‐day readmission rate, 30‐day mortality rate and 90‐day mortality rate were 17%, 1%, and 5% respectively. No sociodemographic differences were identified in each outcome. An increasing day‐4 CRP trajectory was observed in patients with an anastomotic leak. Postoperative complications and nodal disease were independent prognostic factors for reduced survival.

Conclusions

Textbook outcome, postoperative complications, and readmission are validated quality performance indicators of gastric cancer surgery. Postoperative complications are associated with poor overall survival independent of severity or type. The underlying mechanisms of this influence remain elusive. The aggressive biology of gastric cancer, combined with the surgical morbidity and its negative influence on survival, highlights the importance of ongoing quality improvement.
Addressing the psychology of weight loss and maintenance: A feasibility study of the Skills for weight loss and Maintenance weight management programme
Authors: Greaves Colin J. , Poltawski Leon , van Beurden Samantha B. , Price Lisa , Taylor Rodney S. , Merrifield Richard , O'Loughlin Lucy
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Building on prior theory, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of integrating novel, weight loss maintenance strategies into existing weight management programmes. We also piloted recruitment and data collection procedures for future research.

Design

Two phases of action research nested within a single‐arm feasibility study. The intervention was refined between phases using feedback from intervention fidelity analysis and qualitative exploration of patient and provider experiences. Changes in outcomes were assessed up to 18 months post‐baseline.

Methods

One hundred adults with a mean body mass index of 37 kg/m2 were offered the Skills for weight loss and Maintenance (SkiM) intervention. This included existing weight management programme content and additional weight loss maintenance techniques delivered fortnightly for 6 months in local community centres to groups of 11–15 people.

Results

Of the 100 participants, 65%, 58% and 56% provided data at 7, 12 and 18 months. Across both phases, the mean initial weight loss was 4.2 kg (95% CI: 2.4–5.9) and 3.1 kg at 18 months (95% CI: .8–5.5). In Phase 2, we observed better weight loss maintenance (.5 kg [13.2%] regain from 7 to 18 months, vs. 1.7 kg [36.2%] in Phase 1). Variation in outcomes, high early dropout rates and qualitative feedback indicated that, although delivery of the intervention and trial procedures was feasible and acceptable, there was scope to refine the intervention to engage a wider range of participants. Intervention fidelity was acceptable, particularly in Phase 2.

Conclusions

The SkiM intervention seems promising, but more research is needed to improve recruitment and retention prior to further evaluation.
Sexually dimorphic effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor MJN110 on stress‐related behaviour and drinking in Marchigian Sardinian alcohol‐preferring rats
Authors: Vozella Valentina , Cruz Bryan , Feldman Hannah C. , Bullard Ryan , Bianchi Paula C. , Natividad Luis A. , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Zorrilla Eric P. , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Roberto Marisa
Published: July 2023

Background and Purpose

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays an important homeostatic role in the regulation of stress circuits and has emerged as a therapeutic target to treat stress disorders and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Extensive research has elucidated a role for the eCB anandamide (AEA), but less is known about 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) mediated signalling.

Experimental Approach

We pharmacologically enhanced eCB signalling by inhibiting the 2‐AG metabolizing enzyme, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), in male and female Marchigian Sardinian alcohol‐preferring (msP) rats, a model of innate alcohol preference and stress hypersensitivity, and in control Wistar rats. We tested the acute effect of the selective MAGL inhibitor MJN110 in alleviating symptoms of alcohol drinking, anxiety, irritability and fear.

Key Results

A single systemic administration of MJN110 increased 2‐AG levels in the central amygdala, prelimbic and infralimbic cortex but did not acutely alter alcohol drinking. MAGL inhibition reduced aggressive behaviours in female msPs, and increased defensive behaviours in male msPs, during the irritability test. Moreover, in the novelty‐induced hypophagia test, MJN110 selectively enhanced palatable food consumption in females, mitigating stress‐induced food suppression. Lastly, msP rats showed increased conditioned fear behaviour compared with Wistar rats, and MJN110 reduced context‐associated conditioned fear responses, but not cue‐probed fear expression, in male msPs.

Conclusions and Implications

Acute inhibition of MAGL attenuated some stress‐related responses in msP rats but not voluntary alcohol drinking. Our results provide new insights into the sex dimorphism documented in stress‐induced responses. Sex‐specific eCB‐based approaches should be considered in the clinical development of therapeutics.
A critical assessment of the cellular defences of the avian respiratory system: are birds in general and poultry in particular relatively more susceptible to pulmonary infections/afflictions?
Authors: Maina John N.
Published: July 2023

In commercial poultry farming, respiratory diseases cause high morbidities and mortalities, begetting colossal economic losses. Without empirical evidence, early observations led to the supposition that birds in general, and poultry in particular, have weak innate and adaptive pulmonary defences and are therefore highly susceptible to injury by pathogens. Recent findings have, however, shown that birds possess notably efficient pulmonary defences that include: (i) a structurally complex three‐tiered airway arrangement with aerodynamically intricate air‐flow dynamics that provide efficient filtration of inhaled air; (ii) a specialised airway mucosal lining that comprises air‐filtering (ciliated) cells and various resident phagocytic cells such as surface and tissue macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes; (iii) an exceptionally efficient mucociliary escalator system that efficiently removes trapped foreign agents; (iv) phagocytotic atrial and infundibular epithelial cells; (v) phagocytically competent surface macrophages that destroy pathogens and injurious particulates; (vi) pulmonary intravascular macrophages that protect the lung from the vascular side; and (vii) proficiently phagocytic pulmonary extravasated erythrocytes. Additionally, the avian respiratory system rapidly translocates phagocytic cells onto the respiratory surface, ostensibly from the subepithelial space and the circulatory system: the mobilised cells complement the surface macrophages in destroying foreign agents. Further studies are needed to determine whether the posited weak defence of the avian respiratory system is a global avian feature or is exclusive to poultry. This review argues that any inadequacies of pulmonary defences in poultry may have derived from exacting genetic manipulation(s) for traits such as rapid weight gain from efficient conversion of food into meat and eggs and the harsh environmental conditions and severe husbandry operations in modern poultry farming. To reduce pulmonary diseases and their severity, greater effort must be directed at establishment of optimal poultry housing conditions and use of more humane husbandry practices.
Youth environmental citizenship formation: Struggled political subjectivities and everyday experiences of young people in Turkey
Authors: Orman Turkan Firinci , Demiral Seran
Published: July 2023

This ethnographic study reveals how young people become environmentally aware citizens. The study traces the lived worlds of early youth in Turkey by focusing on their environmental experiences and by problematising climate change and consumerism. Through online mapping activities and in‐depth interviews, the applied geo‐social methodology explores the social, spatial and political subjectivities of 21 young people from different parts of Turkey, elucidating their developing environmental agencies. This article further argues how these subjectivities are contextual to the intersectional aspects of environmental socialisation. The results provide youthful insights into today's authoritarian Turkey, which is facing an economic recession.
Appropriateness of inpatient intravenous iron therapy in a Swiss tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ritter Fabian , Staub Benjamin M. , Osthoff Michael
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Intravenous (IV) iron replacement is an established treatment for iron deficiency and is recommended in various medical guidelines, but cheaper oral iron formulations remain first‐line therapy in several instances. Data on adherence to current prescription standards are lacking in Switzerland.

Methods

Retrospective single center quality control study evaluating the appropriateness of IV iron replacement in 400 inpatients during 2019 and 2021 at a Swiss tertiary care hospital. Appropriateness of IV iron was assessed by expert chart review according to national and international guidelines.

Results

IV iron prescriptions were assessed as inappropriate in 147 (37%) of cases (indication lacking in 13%, oral route preferred in 24%). Inappropriate prescribing was more common (p < .001) in surgical wards (66%) compared to medical units (48%) and the gynecologic ward (19%). Iron studies were lacking in 29% of inappropriate IV administrations. Insufficient replacement dosages were chosen in 38% of patients with appropriate prescription.

Conclusion

Based on current guidelines, inappropriate in‐hospital prescription of IV iron was frequently observed. Considerable differences exist between hospital units, which are consistent with conflicting recommendations of professional societies. We recommend increased attention toward the prescription quality to avoid unnecessary, expensive, and potentially harmful use of IV iron.
Morphological alterations of contralesional hemisphere relate to functional outcomes after stroke
Authors: Lu Juan‐Juan , Xing Xiang‐Xin , Qu Jiao , Wu Jia‐Jia , Hua Xu‐Yun , Zheng Mou‐Xiong , Xu Jian‐Guang
Published: July 2023

The present study aimed to investigate poststroke morphological alterations contralesionally and correlations with functional outcomes. Structural magnetic resonance images were obtained from 27 poststroke patients (24 males, 50.21 ± 10.97 years) and 20 healthy controls (13 males, 46.63 ± 12.18 years). Voxel‐based and surface‐based morphometry analysis were conducted to detect alterations of contralesional grey matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness (CT), gyrification index (GI), sulcus depth (SD), and fractal dimension (FD) in poststroke patients. Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between regions with significant structural differences and scores of clinical assessments, including Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl–Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA‐UE), Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Correction for multiplicity was conducted within each parameter and for all tests. GMV significantly decreased in the contralesional motor‐related, occipital and temporal cortex, limbic system, and cerebellum lobe (P < 0.01, family‐wise error [FWE] correction). Lower CT was found in the contralesional precentral and lingual gyrus (P < 0.01, FWE correction), while lower GI found in the contralesional superior temporal gyrus and insula (P < 0.01, FWE correction). There were significant correlations between GMV of contralesional lingual gyrus and MBI (P = 0.031, r = 0.441), and BBS (P = 0.047, r = 0.409) scores, and GMV of contralesional hippocampus and FMA‐UE scores (P = 0.048, r = 0.408). In conclusion, stroke patients exhibited wide grey matter loss and cortical morphological changes in the contralesional hemisphere, which correlated with sensorimotor functions and the ability of daily living.
An enhanced bacterial colony optimization with dynamic multi‐leader co‐evolution for multiobjective optimization problems
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Yixin , Liu Menglong , Zhou Tianwei , Niu Ben
Published: July 2023

The information transfer mechanism within the population is an essential factor for population‐based multiobjective optimization algorithms. An efficient leader selection strategy can effectively help the population to approach the true Pareto front. However, traditional population‐based multiobjective optimization algorithms are restricted to a single global leader and cannot transfer information efficiently. To overcome those limitations, in this paper, a multiobjective bacterial colony optimization with dynamic multi‐leader co‐evolution (MBCO/DML) is proposed, and a novel information transfer mechanism is developed within the group for adaptive evolution. Specifically, to enhance convergence and diversity, a multi‐leaders learning mechanism is designed based on a dynamically evolving elite archive via direction‐based hierarchical clustering. Finally, adaptive bacterial elimination is proposed to enable bacteria to escape from the local Pareto front according to convergence status. The results of numerical experiments show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in comparison with related population‐based multiobjective optimization algorithms on 24 frequently used benchmarks. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of our dynamic leader selection in information transfer for improving both convergence and diversity to solve multiobjective optimization problems, which plays a significant role in information transfer of population evolution. Furthermore, we confirm the validity of the co‐evolution framework to the bacterial‐based optimization algorithm, greatly enhancing the searching capability for bacterial colony.
Ecosystem resilience to invasion and drought: Insights after 24 years in a rare never‐grazed grassland
Authors: Duniway Michael C. , Finger‐Higgens Rebecca , Geiger Erika L. , Hoover David L. , Pfennigwerth Alix A. , Knight Anna C. , Van Scoyoc Matthew , Miller Mark , Belnap Jayne
Published: July 2023

Understanding the resilience of ecosystems globally is hampered by the complex and interacting drivers of change characteristic of the Anthropocene. This is true for drylands of the western US, where widespread alteration of disturbance regimes and spread of invasive non‐native species occurred with westward expansion during the 1800s, including the introduction of domestic livestock and spread of Bromus tectorum, an invasive non‐native annual grass. In addition, this region has experienced a multi‐decadal drought not seen for at least 1200 years with potentially large and interacting impacts on native plant communities. Here, we present 24 years of twice‐annual plant cover monitoring (1997–2021) from a semiarid grassland never grazed by domestic livestock but subject to a patchy invasion of B. tectorum beginning in ~1994, compare our findings to surveys done in 1967, and examine potential climate drivers of plant community changes. We found a significant warming trend in the study area, with more than 75% of study year temperatures being warmer than average (1966–2021). We observed a native perennial grass community with high resilience to climate forcings with cover values like those in 1967. In invaded patches, B. tectorum cover was greatest in the early years of this study (1997–2001; ~20%–40%) but was subsequently constrained by climate and subtle variation in soils, with limited evidence of long‐term impacts to native vegetation, contradicting earlier studies. Our ability to predict year‐to‐year variation in functional group and species cover with climate metrics varied, with a 12‐month integrated index and fall and winter patterns appearing most important. However, declines to near zero live cover in recent years in response to regional drought intensification leave questions regarding the resiliency of intact grasslands to ongoing aridification and whether the vegetation observations reported here may be a leading indicator of impending change in this protected ecosystem.
Gaze behaviour, body image in women and online apparel shopping
Authors: Hollett Ross C. , Panaia Peta M. , Smart Aimee H.
Published: July 2023

Online apparel shopping is popular among women, with possible negative body image consequences, particularly when the website imagery is body‐focused. We investigated both correlational and experimental effects of online apparel shopping on women's (N = 113) explicitly and implicitly measured self‐worth, appearance attitudes and body gaze behaviour. Self‐reported online apparel shopping behaviour positively correlated with self‐objectification and a tendency to value and compare one's appearance. Following a simulated online shopping activity, women who browsed a body‐focused activewear website felt worse about their looks, when compared with women who browsed a non‐body‐focused casualwear website. The activewear condition also primed lower subsequent visual attention towards female bodies in a gaze task, when compared with the casualwear condition. Given that women tend to naturally gaze at faces, the deprivation of facial stimuli in the activewear condition presumably led to a compensatory gaze effect, whereby subsequent attention towards bodies was comparably low. Importantly, dollars spent in the activewear condition correlated positively with appearance comparison and body shame attitudes. These results suggest that online apparel imagery exposure may negatively impact women's well‐being. We also find evidence suggesting that gaze behaviour plays a role in how apparel marketing influences subsequent attention.
The cross‐predictability of industry returns in international financial markets
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Haofei
Published: July 2023

This article finds evidence of return cross‐predictability among trading partners in international financial markets. We show that the predictability of international customers dominates the predictability of domestic customers, and the predictability of international intra‐industry customers dominates the predictability of international inter‐industry customers. This return cross‐predictability decreases with two country characteristics: financial sophistication and size.
Competition is a major limiting factor of refueling in migratory passerines during stopover
Authors: Zimin Sean V. , Zimin Anna , Burns Darren J. , Livne Rony , Paz Rafi , Zvik Yoram , Shochat Eyal , Ovadia Ofer
Published: July 2023

For an avian migrant, refueling capacity attainable during stopovers governs the entire migration schedule and, ultimately, its fitness. Specifically, timely replenishing energy stores is critical when migration involves crossing ecological barriers, within which refueling may be limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis that fuel deposition rates (FDRs) of migratory passerines within barrier‐edge stopover sites are constrained by the density of potential competitors, irrespective of migration season, phenology, and local environmental conditions. We also evaluated diverse intra‐ and inter‐specific competition scenarios and explored a potential mediation of density‐dependence by environmental factors. The analyzed data, collected by us over 13 consecutive years (2009–2022), contain information on seven species of long‐distance migratory insectivorous passerines measured within eight desert‐edge habitats throughout autumn and spring migrations. As predicted, our analyses revealed negative density‐dependence regulation of FDRs, consistent across species and migration seasons. Notably, bird density exerted its effect above and beyond the other factors known to influence FDR, such as relative ambient temperature, phenology, temporal progress of stopover, and body mass next to landfall. As expected, FDR increased at higher relative ambient temperatures and with the stopover's progress. In spring, FDR also rose as the season advanced. These findings signify the substantial impact of competition on the refueling performance of migratory passerines during their stopover on an ecological barrier's edge, acting over and above the other environmental factors. The detected importance of competition and its interrelation with other predictors provides an insight into stopover's functioning; environmentally imposed and inescapable interspecific interference is thus a significant limiting factor of FDR, a deleterious relationship potentially remediable by informed habitat restoration and planning.
Exploring the uses of yoga nidra: An integrative review
Authors: Musto Susan , Hazard Vallerand April
Published: July 2023

Aim

The purpose of this paper was to review and synthesize published research articles that have utilized yoga nidra as an intervention.

Background

Yoga nidra is a form of guided meditation that has emerged in the literature in the past two decades as an intervention for a variety of medical conditions such as stress and mental health. It differs from traditional yoga, in that it does not require yoga poses. It is a noninvasive, cost‐effective approach that is also easily accessible so it can be done in the privacy and comfort of the home.

Design

The integrative review methodology by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) provided the framework for this review.

Methods

The databases CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO were used to search for articles. Inclusion criteria consisted of journal articles in English with no limitations on dates of publication. Studies were excluded if any form of traditional yoga requiring poses was used as an intervention. Also excluded were all types of meditation that were not yoga nidra, systematic reviews, studies that utilized multiple intervention types (i.e., traditional yoga and yoga nidra), and commentaries/brief reports. Twenty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was completed for each study.

Results

The 29 studies that were reviewed consisted of 12 randomized controlled trials, 13 quasi‐experimental studies, 3 mixed‐methods studies, and 1 qualitative study. Outcome variables were categorized according to themes and results were systemically synthesized and reported by theme: (a) stress, (b) mood, (c) well‐being, (d) psychologic dysfunction, (e) biomarkers, (f) sleep, and (g) miscellaneous.

Conclusion

Yoga nidra was found to be effective in most of these studies. However, there was some clinical heterogeneity in the sample populations and intervention session lengths, frequencies, and durations, making it difficult to draw conclusions about yoga nidra intervention based solely on the findings presented in this review. More studies are needed overall, particularly ones with larger sample sizes and stronger experimental designs.

Clinical Relevance

Yoga nidra has the potential to be a useful, noninvasive, nonpharmacologic treatment or adjunct for a variety of conditions, particularly mental health.
Understanding the workflow of nurses in acute and subacute medical wards: A time and motion study
Authors: Kramer Sharon , Raymond Melissa J. , Hunter Peter , Saultry Bridey , Gibbs Harry , Dignam Francis , Lannin Natasha A. , Bucknall Tracey
Published: July 2023

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine how much time nurses spend on direct and indirect patient care in acute and subacute hospital settings.

Background

Quantifying direct and indirect nursing care provided during inpatient stay is vital to optimise the quality of care and manage resources.

Design

Time and motion cross‐sectional observational study and reported the study according to the STROBE guideline.

Methods

Nurses working in an acute or subacute medical wards of a single health service participated. Nurses were observed twice for 2 h on the same day with an observer break in between sessions. Real‐time task‐related data were digitally recorded using the Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT) tool by a single research assistant. Frequency and time spent on pre‐determined tasks were recorded and included direct care, indirect care, documentation, medication‐related tasks, communication (professional) and other tasks. Task interruptions and multitasking were also recorded.

Results

Twenty‐one nurses (acute n = 12, subacute n = 9) were observed during shifts between 7 AM and 9 PM in May–July 2021. A total of 7240 tasks were recorded. Nurses spent a third of their time on direct patient care (27% direct care and 3% medication administration). A total of 556 task interruptions occurred, mostly during documentation, and medication‐related tasks. A further 1385 tasks were performed in parallel with other tasks, that is multitasking.

Conclusions

Time spent on tasks was similar regardless of the setting and was consistent with previous research. We found differences in the distribution of tasks throughout the day between settings, which could have implications for workforce planning and needs to be investigated further. Interruptions occurred during documentation, direct care and medication‐related tasks. Local‐level strategies should be in place and regularly revised to reduce interruptions and prevent errors. Relevance to clinical practice The association between interruption and increased risk of error is well‐established and should be an ongoing area of attention including observations and education provided in local settings.
Attitudes of Spanish mental health professionals towards trans people: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jiménez‐Barbero José Antonio , Cutillas‐Fernández María Asunción , Herrera‐Giménez María , Jiménez‐Ruiz Ismael
Published: July 2023

Accessible Summary

What is known about the subject?

The trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge, and cultural sensitivity in healthcare.

The attitudes of health professionals are mediated by their social context, which can determine their behaviour or attitude towards users.

What does the article add to existing knowledge?

The attitudes of mental health professionals towards trans people are related to variables such as the professional's age, gender, political ideology and religious beliefs.

Mental health nursing, psychology and social work are the professions that present more favourable attitudes towards trans people.

What are the implications for practice?

The inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity among mental health professionals is required.

It is necessary to train professionals to promote socio‐healthcare based on respect and free from prejudice, discrimination and stigma.

Introduction

The trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge and cultural sensitivity in healthcare.

Aim

Evaluation of the attitudes towards trans people of the professionals who work in the different Spanish mental health services.

Method

A cross‐sectional design was used with a sample of professionals from different professional groups working in mental health units, hospitals and outpatient settings throughout Spain.

Results

Gender differences were found, with higher values in genderism and sexism among males. Negative attitudes and sexism have also been associated with age and religious beliefs. Mental health nursing, psychology and social work presented more favourable attitudes towards trans people than other mental health professionals.

Discussion/Implications for Practice

The inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity and the acquisition of professional attitudes based on evidence and patient‐centred model are basic aspects to promote socio‐healthcare based on respect and free from prejudices, discrimination and stigma.
Interrelations and functional roles of key oscillatory activities during daytime sleep in older adults
Authors: Wüst Larissa N. , Antonenko Daria , Malinowski Robert , Khakimova Liliia , Grittner Ulrike , Obermayer Klaus , Ladenbauer Julia , Flöel Agnes
Published: July 2023

Certain neurophysiological characteristics of sleep, in particular slow oscillations (SOs), sleep spindles, and their temporal coupling, have been well characterised and associated with human memory abilities. Delta waves, which are somewhat higher in frequency and lower in amplitude compared to SOs, and their interaction with spindles have only recently been found to play a critical role in memory processing of rodents, through a competitive interaction between SO–spindle and delta–spindle coupling. However, human studies that comprehensively address delta wave interactions with spindles and SOs, as well as their functional role for memory are still lacking. Electroencephalographic data were acquired across three naps of 33 healthy older human participants (17 female) to investigate delta–spindle coupling and the interplay between delta‐ and SO‐related activity. Additionally, we determined intra‐individual stability of coupling measures and their potential link to the ability to form novel memories in a verbal memory task. Our results revealed weaker delta–spindle compared to SO–spindle coupling. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, we found no evidence for an opposing dependency between SO‐ and delta‐related activities during non‐rapid eye movement sleep. Moreover, the ratio between SO‐ and delta‐nested spindles rather than SO–spindle and delta–spindle coupling measures by themselves predicted the ability to form novel memories best. In conclusion, our results do not confirm previous findings in rodents on competitive interactions between delta activity and SO–spindle coupling in older adults. However, they support the hypothesis that SO, delta wave, and spindle activity should be jointly considered when aiming to link sleep physiology and memory formation.
Age‐related changes in the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after intravenous administration in sheep
Authors: Coskun Devran , Corum Orhan , Durna Corum Duygu , Cetin Gul , Irmak Mehmet , Ceyhan Hatice Rumeysa , Uney Kamil
Published: July 2023

The pharmacokinetics of meloxicam was studied in 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐month‐old sheep following a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of 1 mg/kg. The experiments were carried out when the Romanov sheep were 1 month old (7.93 ± 0.91 kg), 6 months old (27.47 ± 4.91 kg), and 12 months old (37.10 ± 3.64 kg). Meloxicam concentration in plasma was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography and the data collected were evaluated by non‐compartmental kinetic analysis. Meloxicam was detected in the plasma up to 72 h following i.v. administration in all age groups. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) and total body clearance (ClT) were significantly higher in 1‐month‐old (304.87 mL/kg and 16.57 mL/h/kg) than in 12‐month‐old (193.43 mL/kg and 10.50 mL/h/kg) sheep. The area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 72 h value of meloxicam was lower in 1‐month‐old (58.51 h*μg/mL) compared to 12‐month‐old (92.59 h*μg/mL) sheep. There was no difference in t1/2ʎz value in different age groups. The body extraction ratio values for meloxicam ranged from 0.0186 to 0.0719 after i.v. administration in all age groups. Meloxicam showed an increase in plasma concentration and a decrease in Vdss and ClT in 12‐month‐old compared to 1‐month‐old sheep. Compared to 1‐month‐old and 12‐month‐old sheep, there was no difference in these parameters in 6‐month‐old sheep. Because the age of sheep has an influence on the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam, dosage apparently may need to be adjusted for age.
Compartment‐specific Ca2+ imaging in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveals high light‐induced chloroplast Ca2+ signatures
Authors: Pivato Matteo , Grenzi Matteo , Costa Alex , Ballottari Matteo
Published: July 2023

To investigate the role of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in the perception and response mechanisms to light in unicellular microalgae, the genetically encoded ratiometric Ca2+ indicator Yellow Cameleon (YC3.6) was expressed in the model organism for green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, targeted to cytosol, chloroplast, and mitochondria.

Through in vivo single‐cell confocal microscopy imaging, light‐induced Ca2+ signaling was investigated in different conditions and different genotypes, including the photoreceptors mutants phot and acry. A genetically encoded H2O2 sensor was also adopted to investigate the possible role of H2O2 formation in light‐dependent Ca2+ signaling.

Light‐dependent Ca2+ response was observed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells only in the chloroplast as an organelle‐autonomous response, influenced by light intensity and photosynthetic electron transport. The absence of blue and red‐light photoreceptor aCRY strongly reduced the light‐dependent chloroplast Ca2+ response, while the absence of the blue photoreceptor PHOT had no significant effects. A correlation between high light‐induced chloroplast H2O2 gradients and Ca2+ transients was drawn, supported by H2O2‐induced chloroplast Ca2+ transients in the dark.

In conclusion, different triggers are involved in the light‐induced chloroplast Ca2+ signaling as saturation of the photosynthetic electron transport, H2O2 formation, and aCRY‐dependent light perception.
Global diffusion ofCOVID‐19 policies: The role of geographic, institutional, and cultural cues
Authors: An Brian Y. , Porcher Simon , Tang Shui‐Yan
Published: July 2023

In an unprecedented global crisis, like the COVID‐19 pandemic, when vertical global governance plays a relatively minor role, government leaders must obtain policy information cues from other governments' behaviors horizontally. This study builds on the policy diffusion literature to examine the distinct role of geographic, cultural, and institutional peers in influencing a country's policy adoptions throughout a diffusion episode. We theorize that in the case of COVID‐19, policy‐culture fit enhances policy learning, leading cultural cues to exert a more pronounced diffusion influence than geographic and institutional cues over time. Our empirical analysis leverages worldwide data tracking the daily adoption of nine universal COVID‐19 non‐pharmaceutical policies from January 1, 2020 to June 1, 2021 in nearly 100 countries. We show that geographic and institutional proximity are initial sources of policy cues affecting adoption. But their effects fade over time while that of cultural cues grows in the later stage of a diffusion episode, illustrating the role of policy learning fueled by cultural fit. This research deepens our understanding of policy diffusion dynamics, shedding light on the role of national culture in policymaking and design in comparative policy studies.
Objective measured physical activity and metabolic syndrome score in children and adolescents: The UP&DOWN longitudinal study
Authors: Sánchez‐Delgado Alejandro , Sánchez‐Parente Sandra , Martínez‐Gómez David , Gómez‐Martínez Sonia , Veiga Oscar L. , Marcos Ascensión , Castro‐Piñero José , Pérez‐Bey Alejandro
Published: July 2023

Introduction

We aimed to analyze the cross‐sectional and longitudinal association of physical activity (PA) levels and PA patterns with metabolic syndrome score (MetS) in children and adolescents.

Methods

A total of 175 children (82 females) and 188 adolescents (95 females) were included. Objective PA levels and patterns were determined by accelerometry. MetS was computed from waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose levels. Different linear regression models were implemented to examine the associations of PA with MetS.

Results

Vigorous PA, moderate‐vigorous PA, number of bouts per day in 10 min (N10), and total time in bouts per day in 10 min (T10) were negatively associated with MetS in male children and adolescents at cross‐sectional level (β ranging from −0.005 to −0.164, all p < 0.05). Total time in bouts per day in 20 min in male children, and vigorous PA and N10 in female children were longitudinally and negatively associated with MetS (β ranging from −0.011 to −0.247, all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Associations of PA and MetS were observed at cross‐sectional level in males and longitudinally in female children. The associations in PA patterns were found when patterns were grouped into bouts of 10 min. Therefore, for future studies of PA with health markers in the pediatric population, it would be advisable to choose bouts of shorter duration.
Of tanks and tankies: What's ‘left’ for geography after the invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Klinke Ian
Published: July 2023

This commentary explores the degree to which the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has posed a challenge for political geographers. I reason that while the war has exposed conceptual weaknesses and political blind spots, it has also validated many of the foci with which geographers have approached post‐Cold War European security. By drawing attention to the epistemological and moral problems of current NATO scepticism, I argue that tactics of counter‐mapping and whataboutery need to be carried out with the necessary care for the historical and political context.
Correlation between canine biochemical analytes and TRP36 ELISA seropositivity for Ehrlichia canis in Brazil
Authors: Zorzo Carolina , Pereira Nathalia A. , Hongyu Kuang , Aguiar Daniel M.
Published: July 2023

Background

Synthetic peptides of tandem repeat proteins (TRPs) have been employed in the serologic analysis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) and used in epidemiological studies in Brazil. Based on molecular studies of TRPs, different genotypes of Ehrlichia canis have been described, but data on their pathogenicity remain unknown.

Objectives

To correlate hepatic, renal, and muscular alterations in relation to different genotypes of E. canis in naturally exposed dogs using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with TRP19 and TRP36 synthetic protein antigens.

Methods

Two hundred serum samples were subjected to ELISA with the antigens of TRP19 and three genotypes (US, Br, and CR) of TRP36 of E. canis circulating in Brazil. Positive sera were evaluated through eight biochemical parameters, and the results were evaluated by principal component analysis and canonical correlation.

Results

ELISA revealed that 47 (23.5%) serum samples reacted to the BrTRP36 peptide, 36 (18%) reacted to the TRP19 peptide, and 8 (4%) reacted to the USTRP36 and CRTRP36 peptides separately. The most frequent biochemical alterations observed were for CK (59.4%), ALB (31.8%), GLO (28.9%), TP (28.9%), ALP (26%), urea (24.6%), creatinine (14.4%), and ALT (14.4%). The most prominent diagnostic method in canonical correlation analysis was BrTRP36, followed by TRP19, which correlated with hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia.

Conclusions

Antibodies that reacted against the Brazilian genotype of E. canis correlated positively with hyperglobulinemia and increases in serum urea and creatinine. According to our results, the Brazilian genotype of E. canis is related to the chronic phase of CME.