bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of urban greenery on thermal comfort: a case study in a tropical city
Authors: Araujo Myrella Katlhen da Cunha de , Bastos Keila Diovana Oliveira , Antunes Arlindo Modesto
Published: January 2024

This case study focused on the city of São Luís (MA), aiming to analyze the role of urban greenery in the thermal comfort of São Luís, identifying urban and landscape planning strategies that promote the integration of urban vegetation to create a more livable and thermally comfortable environment in the city. To do so, a research methodology with an exploratory and quantitative-qualitative character was employed, involving data collection on temperature and precipitation provided by INMET, as well as a floristic survey in the central region of São Luís, considering the significant impact of urban vegetation on the city's temperature and precipitation. The results showed a strong association between the urbanization process and the increase in urban temperatures, a phenomenon known as the "urban heat island," while urban greenery has been proven as an effective strategy to mitigate this effect, even under conditions aggravated by the El Niño phenomenon. In this context, the research also revealed that an increase in urban vegetation can have positive impacts on reducing temperature and improving the thermal comfort of residents, with the analysis of climate data from 2018 to 2023 being crucial in understanding the relationship between urban vegetation and thermal conditions in the city. The results emphasize the importance of the quantitative-qualitative approach, which allows for a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the studied phenomenon. Furthermore, the use of climate data provides a solid foundation for analysis and encourages the exploration of specific urban and landscape planning strategies, taking into consideration the effectiveness of these strategies in enhancing thermal comfort within urban centers.
Understanding the Interpretation of Bakhtin’s Ideas in Feminist Theory
Authors: Gasparyan Diana
Published: January 2024

In recent years, M. Bakhtin's concepts have garnered increasing recognition in Western academic circles, finding applications in diverse fields ranging from linguistics to psychiatry. This belated recognition might appear peculiar without an appreciation for the particular historical context in which Bakhtin's ideas were introduced to the West. Their initial introduction was deeply intertwined with the evolution of feminist theory, feminist criticism, and discussions surrounding gender identity. Notably, the first English rendition of some of Bakhtin's thoughts appeared in Julia Kristeva's “Word, Dialogue and Novel” in 1966, a seminal work in feminist theory. Subsequent to this introduction, for over two decades, Bakhtinian concepts such as “voice”, “dialogism”, “hybrid construction”, “heteroglossia”, and “carnival” were predominantly employed in feminist interpretations by renowned feminist theorists, including J. Kristeva, W. Booth, and D. Bauer. This persisted even after direct translations of Bakhtin's works emerged in the 1980s. For many, this association might appear unexpected and even counterintuitive, given that Bakhtin himself did not address feminist concerns or gender topics directly, nor did he reference female authors in his literary critiques. In this article, I will examine the feminist appropriation of central Bakhtinian notions and explore how Bakhtin's theory offers a fertile ground for feminist interpretive strategies. I further contend that while this feminist embrace significantly propelled the spread of Bakhtinian concepts in the West, it simultaneously restricted their broader adoption by employing them as a “Bakhtinian toolkit” to address theoretical deficiencies and circumvent challenges in feminist theory. Often, this led to a simplistic and reductive understanding of Bakhtinian ideas. Additionally, I posit that this issue stems from a core challenge illuminated by Bakhtin's own work: translations and interpretations of the same ideas across languages are not equivalent, as they are influenced by distinct dialogic systems.
A Supraclassical Probabilistic Entailment Relation
Authors: Shangin Vasily
Published: January 2024

The paper presents an original supraclassical nontrivial plausible entailment relation $\vapprox$ that employs Kolmogorov's probability theory. Its crucial feature is the primitiveness of a conditional probability, which one calculates with the help of the method of truth tables for classical propositional logic. I study the properties of the entailment relation in question. In particular, I show that while being supraclassical, i.e., all classical entailments and valid formulas are $\vapprox$-valid, but not vice versa, it is not trivial and enjoys the same form of inconsistency as classical entailment ⊧ does. I specify the place of the proposed probability entailment relation in certain classifications of nonclassical entailment relations. In particular, I use Douven's analysis of some probabilistic entailment relations that contains dozens of properties that are crucial for any probabilistic entailment relation, as well as Hlobil's choosing your nonmonotonic logic: shopper’s guide, due to the fact that $\vapprox$ is not monotonic, and Cobreros, Egré, Ripley, van Rooij's entailment relations for tolerant reasoning. At last, I perform a comparative analysis of classical, the proposed, and some other entailment relations closely related to the latter: those introduced by Bocharov, Markin, Voishvillo, Degtyarev, Ivlev, where the last two entailment relations are based on the so-called principle of reverse deduction, which is an intuitively acceptable way to connect classical and probabilistic entailment relations.
Liberal Theory in the XXI Century: Identity, Tendencies and Perspectives
Authors: Krisanov Ilya
Published: January 2024

A Review of a Section of the International “Future World/Worlds” Conference of the School of Philosophy and Cultural Studies (October 7th, 2023)
Prognostic value of combining 24-hour ASPECTS, and hemoglobin to red cell distribution width ratio on the THRIVE-score in predicting in-hospital mortality among ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. v1
Authors: Krongsut Sarawut
Published: January 2024

Background:Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) emerges as a significant global health issue, directly impacting mortality and disability. The Total Health Risk In Vascular Events (THRIVE) score, appreciated for its simplicity and ease of use, consistently validates its ability to accurately predict stroke clinical outcomes. However, the THIRVE score is currently lacking laboratory and neuroimaging data, which limits its ability to provide precise prediction of stroke outcomes. Our study evaluates the impact of integrating the 24-hour Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width (HB/RDW) ratio into the THRIVE score using the multivariable fractional polynomial (MFP) method (combined THRIVE-MFP) compared to the THRIVE-c model. We aim to assess their added value in predicting in-hospital mortality (IHM) prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study from January 2015 to July 2022 examined consecutive AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis. Data on THRIVE scores, 24-hour ASPECTS, and HB/RDW levels were collected upon admission. The model was constructed using logistic regression and the MFP method. The prognostic value was determined using the augmented area under the receiver operating characteristic (AuROC). Ischemic cerebral lesions within the middle cerebral artery territory were evaluated with non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) following 24 hours of intravenous thrombolysis completion (24-hour ASPECTS). Results:Among a cohort of 345 patients diagnosed with AIS who received intravenous thrombolysis, 65 individuals (18.8%) experienced IHM. The combined THRIVE-MFP model was significantly superior to the THRIVE-c model (AuROC 0.980 vs. 0.876, P<0.001). Conclusion:The combined THRIVE-MFP model showed excellent predictive performance, offering potential for guiding treatment decisions and enhancing healthcare outcomes. Incorporating 24-hour ASPECTS on NCCT and HB/RDW proved valuable in IHM prediction, particularly for hospitals with limited access to advanced neuroimaging resources.
Reframing Assessment Strategies: The Impact of Reflective Teaching on University EFL Lecturers’ Perspectives and Practices
Authors: Yen Phuong Hoang , Thao Le Thanh , Thuy Pham Trut , Thi Nguyen Anh , Anh-Thu Huynh Thi , Tra Nguyen Huong
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the evolving perspectives and practices of lecturers regarding classroom assessment, especially in terms of integrating reflective teaching methods. Drawing insights from 15 English as a foreign language (EFL) lecturers, certain emergent trends were identified, including a pronounced shift towards constructivist approaches to assessment and an increased emphasis on formative over summative assessment strategies. Lecturers also showcased enhanced reflective abilities in assessment design, with a significant number highlighting the improved alignment between learning outcomes, teaching methodologies, and assessment strategies. A deepened appreciation for diverse learning pathways became evident, and there was an amplified responsiveness to student feedback in tailoring assessment strategies. The study also found trends like embracing technological tools for improved assessment, a surge in interdisciplinary collaboration in assessment design, a heightened empathy towards student challenges, and a strong advocacy for collaborative assessments. The findings underscore the profound implications of reflective teaching on assessment strategies. Recommendations for future studies emphasize the need for a broader participant base and exploration of direct impacts on student outcomes.
English Teachers’ Practice of Classroom Discourse in Light of Zone of Proximal Development Theory and Scaffolding Techniques
Authors: Alghamdy Rashed Zannan
Published: January 2024

This research examines English teachers’ use of classroom discourse in the light of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) theory and scaffolding techniques. English teachers play an essential role in increasing dialogic interaction in their English language learners (ELLs). The participants were 18 English teachers from government secondary school in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. The observation sheet used to collect data concentrated on major points of classroom discourse in the lesson stages of teaching English including lesson planning, explanation, and evaluation. The results highlight high-level practice of some strategies that support authoritative discourse in some strategies in the three lesson stages. However, the findings reveal lower levels of teachers’ use of strategies that support teaching in the ZPD. The findings also reveal an increase in the use of some strategies such as concentration on correcting errors in the planning stage before implementing the lesson. Furthermore, the findings reveal an increase in teachers’ use of some strategies such as encouraging continuous classroom discourse without providing correct responses for learners before discussions in the teaching stage. Also, it indicates a high-level increase in the use of some strategies such as evaluation of previously memorized concepts, and asking questions to evaluate students’ performance levels in the evaluation stage.
Exploring English Major Students' Readiness and Its Influence on the Students’ Motivation for Online English Courses
Authors: Amoush Kholoud H. , Mizher Rabab A. , Alzoubi Mamoun F.
Published: January 2024

The intent of this study is to explore the views of EFL undergraduate readiness to e- learning. More precisely, it probes how readiness will affect students’ motivation to learn online and whether the students’ gender and year of study have a relation with their readiness and online learning motivation. The researchers have administered an online survey with a 5-Likert scale (Microsoft Form) to259 EFL undergraduates from Al-Balqa Applied University of various study levels of English. The scale for data collection was adopted from a study by Hung et al. (2010). Results showed a positive relation between online learning readiness and online learning motivation, and the most significant predictor of online learning motivation was learner control readiness. Moreover, results revealed no significant relation between students’ e-learning readiness and their learning motivation due to the students’ gender and their year of study variables.
Navigating Linguistic Boundaries in Mozambican Literature: Translanguaging and Identity Formation in the Works of Paulina Chiziane
Authors: Guo Meng , Han Lili
Published: January 2024

Translanguaging, a dynamic process involving the creative blending of languages, varieties, registers, and diverse semiotic modalities in communication, has increasingly gained attention in the study of multilingualism and identity. This article examines the role of translanguaging in the expression of identity within the works of Mozambican author Paulina Chiziane, winner of the most prestigious Portuguese literature award in 2021. By analyzing 15 instances of translanguaging across five of her novels, this research seeks to contribute to the enrichment of translanguaging conceptualization within the post-colonial context that pervades the African continent. Moreover, it highlights the importance of engaging with linguistic diversity and the role of authors in shaping the understanding of complex cultural and national identities in contemporary literature. The findings reveal that Chiziane’s use of translanguaging effectively communicates her identity as a woman, a Mozambican, a plurilingual individual, and a member of post-colonial society. Moreover, this study demonstrates that translanguaging is a common feature in Mozambican literature and contributes to the construction of a distinct Mozambican identity, or Mozambican-ness. As one of the first investigations into translanguaging phenomena in Chiziane’s novels and within the broader context of postcolonial literature, this article provides a novel angle for exploring Mozambican literary works and advances the theory of translanguaging by highlighting its relationship with identity expression.
East-West Identity Unmasks the Mistaken Ideology of American War on Iraq: A Critical Analysis of Baghdadi Bath and Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo
Authors: Zayed Mohamad El-Sebaey Ibrahim , Gadallah Mahmoud Sobhi Mohamed , Metwalli Ashraf Said Qutb
Published: January 2024

The study aspired to investigate the human trauma of a society in wartime and thereafter. It focuses on literature that seeks to reflect life as it should be. However, literary works here deal with catastrophic dramas that depict Iraqis who generally suffer from the negative repercussions of the American Crisis and the extreme underdevelopment and poverty at that time. In this paper, the audience faces the disaster in two dramatic works: Baghdadi Bath (2005) by Jawad al-Asadi and Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo (2012) by Rajiv Joseph. They are a good example that depicts the nightmare experienced by all Iraqis during the war. Speaking about the disaster of war, we guess that the disaster may have human roots. The disaster of war on Iraq, in particular, is taken for analysis. The researchers try to denote the nature of man at the time of the disaster. The paper explores the relations between the ideas of war and the world we face and refers to Baghdad’s brutal past and its confused present. It also inspects the real reasons behind the war and records the human condition in the consequences of the American invasion of Iraq. To narrow the field of investigation, the researchers have chosen disaster at war, especially the American war on Iraq in 2003, and its results for the study. The paper steps down war and violence and assures peace for people depending on different perspectives.
A Multi-Dimensional Contrastive Analysis on English Abstracts in Chinese Master’s Theses and International Core Journal Articles
Authors: Shi Yifan , Liu Zhencong
Published: January 2024

As a signpost for the reader, the abstract contains the main body of a thesis and summarizes the most important information in an article. Thus, it is essential for assessing the quality and value of a thesis. This research aims to provide insight into the linguistic features of English abstract writing. Based on the multi-dimensional analysis approach proposed by Biber (1988), this study investigates the difference in English abstracts between the Chinese master’s theses (CMT) and the international core journal article (ICJA). With the help of the MAT (Multi-dimensional Analysis Tagger 1.3) analysis tool, the corpus of 100 English abstracts from these 2 resources has been analyzed for comparison of the functional and lexical-grammatical features in 6 dimensions. The results show that there are differences between CMT and ICJA’s English abstracts in dimension 4 (Overt Expression of Persuasion) and dimension 6 (On-line Informational Elaboration), and 25 linguistic features across these 6 dimensions. The results help learners identify the differences in dimensions and linguistic features between their English abstracts and those written by experts to improve their abstract writing and to write more native-like theses.
The Poetic Theory of Al-Waleed Al-Bohtory and William Wordsworth: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mahameed Mohammed I. , Abuhammam Emad A.
Published: January 2024

This study delivers a comparative theoretical study between the Arabic Abbasid classic poet A-Waleed Al-Bohtory and the English poet William Wordsworth. This study relies on analytical and descriptive methods that focus on analyzing the theoretical concepts and studying them based on these two poets’ literary legacy. The significance of this study is to provide a comparative investigation between these Western and Eastern poets to find some mutual similarities and theoretical background of both, to help the researchers of the discipline in the future. Al-Bohtory and Wordsworth present imaginative, descriptive, analytical, rustic and simple poetic stanzas to simulate and enjoy their surrounding objects, for instance Nature. They depict nature as a place of tranquility, peace, and happiness at the end. They portray similar imaginative and descriptive images of Spring, pools, birds, animals, and forests. These two poets were influenced by other contemporary poets at their time as Coleridge and Abu-Tammam. These contemporary poets for Wordsworth and Al-Bohtory are like their poetic spark and inspiration.
Character Education Values in Pullman's The Golden Compass
Authors: Arafah Burhanuddin , Room Fahmi , Suryadi Ray , B. La Ode Muhammad Idrus Hamid , Juniardi Yudi , Takwa
Published: January 2024

This study examines the character education values of The Golden Compass' characters. This study employs Abrams’ (1971) expressive approach with a qualitative method, focusing on how the author's ideas are conveyed in his work. The concept of instructional value by Eyre and Eyre (1993) to classify the research boundaries in the data analysis is also applied. As a consequence of the inquiry, several character education values performed by the characters are classified into two categories: values of giving and values of being.
EFL Teachers' Perspective of Teaching Large Online Classes: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Alutaybi Maraam M. , Alfares Nurah S.
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to explore Saudi tertiary English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' perspective on teaching large online classes (LOCs) and investigate how they cope with the challenges associated with teaching. At the tertiary level, large class sizes have been the norm because of the restricted availability of teaching personnel and enormous student enrollments. A qualitative approach was used to collect data to achieve the aims of this study. Six EFL faculty members at Taif University English Language Centre were interviewed. The findings revealed that, notwithstanding the benefits of teaching LOCs, instructors encountered challenges due to a lack of student engagement, participation, motivation, technological issues, evaluating students and providing meaningful feedback, and classroom management. In addition, they suggested various ways to overcome these challenges.
Enhancing English Reading Comprehension of ESL Underachievers by Fostering Metacognitive Strategies
Authors: Momdjian Loussine , Chidiac Fady El
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of implementing metacognitive reading strategies in English classes to enhance the reading comprehension of underachieving Arab second-language learners. The research included a specifically developed lesson in three sixth-grade classes at a Saudi girls' school and a control group of three additional classrooms. Information was gathered through pre-and post-tests, interviews, and observations. The results reveal that students taught metacognitive skills caught up to their more successful classmates regarding reading comprehension. The implications of these methods for English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction are examined. These findings provide valuable insights into the capacity of metacognitive reading strategies to close the comprehension gap among underachieving ESL learners in the Arab context. Based on the findings, the research recommends incorporating these methods into English classes as an effective way to improve student's reading comprehension and overall performance in the classroom.
Substitution in Arabic: Lisan Al-Arab Dictionary as a Model
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Basma A. S. , Issa Ahmad H. M. Bani , Rababah Mahmoud A. I.
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the concept of substitution in Arabic, its history, the reasons for its emergence, its prevalence, and the environment of its occurrence as it revealed by Ibn Manzur in his great dictionary “Qamos Lisan Al-Arab” (Dictionary of Arabs Tongue). The methodology adopted is descriptive and analytical. It is based on investigating the use of substitution by ancient Arabs in the tribes’ dialects. The data was extracted from chapters 3 and 4 of the Lisan Al-Arab dictionary. The study's findings revealed that substitution is not limited to specific Arab regions but has become a linguistic phenomenon even among Arabs living in cities. Most scholars consider the most important reason for the emergence of substitution to be the linguistic variation among dialects; however, Arabic dialects are well-established in that substitution is a variable occurrence that takes place according to the human tendency to reduce articulatory effort. The study also revealed that the reasons behind substitution include the similarity of sound production in the manner or place of articulation.
The Effect of Subordination on Antecedent Prominence in Anaphora Processing
Authors: Chen Jinmei , Cheng Wei
Published: January 2024

One important factor affecting anaphor resolution is the prominence of its antecedent in the discourse. Discourse Prominence Theory (Gordon & Hendrick, 1998) defines antecedent prominence in terms of its height in the phrase structure tree. Two reading time experiments were conducted to test this theory by investigating the effect of subordination on antecedent prominence both within and between sentences. Both experiments had a 2×2 design with Structure (intra- vs. inter-sentential) and Anaphor (pronoun vs. repeated name) as independent variables, and differed in the degree of subordination of the antecedent. The results of the experiments show a main effect of Anaphor such that clauses/sentences containing pronouns were read faster than those containing repeated names, but no interaction between Structure and Anaphor. These results indicate that the repeated name penalty occurs no matter how deeply the antecedent is embedded within subordinate clauses. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that antecedent prominence is not determined by its height in the phrase structure as claimed by Discourse Prominence Theory but rather may be related to the syntactic function (subject) and status (head noun) of antecedents.
Survey of King Khalid University EFL Staff’s Perceptions of Professional Ethics: A Broad Islamic Ethical and Educational Perspective
Authors: Alhaj Ali Albashir Mohammed , Alwadai Mesfer Ahmed. Mesfer
Published: January 2024

Professional ethics in teaching and training has commonly a unique honor between faculty members and students. This study was conducted to explore King Khalid University EFL staff members' perceptions of professional ethics from a broad Islamic ethical and educational perspective. To achieve the objectives of the study the two researchers adopted the descriptive survey method because of its suitability. For the data collection, a 15-item questionnaire was distributed to a purposive sample comprising 100 male and female EFL staff members who were randomly selected from all colleges of King Khalid University during semester three 2023 (A.D.) The findings of this study revealed that both male and female participants had a greater number of positive responses regarding the professional ethics components of teaching and training. There are many elements associated with the professional ethics of male and female EFL staff because of the significant influence of university settings in general, and of King Khalid University in particular. These elements are related to the future of university students and to teachers’ responsibility to ensure that students are educated appropriately so that they can contribute to making societies more civilized, refined and educated. The results of the present study indicate that the following are the most important elements of professional ethics in teaching and training: educating students, maintaining high standards of morals and work ethics, and organizing a relevant and appropriate incentive scheme to encourage students to behave appropriately in terms of academic performance as well as conduct.
Emojis in EFL Communication: An Analysis оf the Language-Like Functions in Emoji Use by Saudi Female Learners
Authors: Suliman Wijdan Mohieldeen Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Emojis are fast becoming an integral part of communication and taking the shape of a ‘language’ in its own right. This raises pertinent questions as to the future look of formal digital communication and the purposes for which this visual input is used by EFL learners. This mixed methods study investigated what prompts female EFL learners at Qassim University to use emojis, the communicative functions they fulfill, and whether their use hinders or facilitates communication. A WhatsApp group was created. A total of 21 female students were added to the group. The researcher observed their chat for 4 weeks. An interview was also used to collect data on the purposes and functions of using emojis. Results indicate that there are nine broad functions that are fulfilled by emojis when used by EFL learners: expression of emotions, enhancing tone, visual quotient, regional variations, efficient communication, creativity, word substitution, peer prompt, and playfulness. Further, irrespective of the purpose of emoji use, the participants see it as an enhancement of their English communication on a formal platform, and that fears that visuals can fully replace the text for foreign language learners are totally unfounded. This study recommends the investigation of using emojis for developing students' autonomy.
Impact of the Interviews on the Students’ Speaking Skills
Authors: Idham Shebli Younus , Baagbah Samah Yaslam Saleh , Mugair Sarab Kadir , Feng Haili , Husseiny Fatima Al
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to explore the potential benefits of interview activities in improving the speaking skills of EFL students. As EFL students often require additional support to improve their speaking skills, the authors adopted a quasi-experimental approach involving pre-and post-tests to analyze the effectiveness of this intervention. Participants were divided into two groups - an experimental and a control group - with the former undergoing a pre-test, treatment session, and post-test. At the same time, the latter only received pre- and post-tests. The study evaluated various speaking skills, including fluency, grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and comprehension. The results indicated that the intervention positively impacted the experimental group's speaking skills, with their improvement significantly higher than that of the control group. The interview technique effectively enhanced EFL students' speaking skills, enabling them to participate more actively in learning activities and boosting their confidence when communicating in English. The research findings provide encouraging possibilities for individuals who aim to improve their oral communication abilities, paving the way for them to achieve greater academic and professional success. With these insights, learners can confidently sharpen their speaking skills and effectively communicate their ideas, opinions, and perspectives, which can positively impact their personal growth and career advancement.
Acquired Versus Learned Systems in Second Language Acquisition: A Review of Studies Based on Krashen’s Hypothesis
Authors: Alharbi Jamilah Maflah
Published: January 2024

This research aimed to explore the contribution of Krashen’s learned-acquisition hypothesis within the context of second language education. Due to a lack of empirical research exploring teaching methods specifically founded upon the learned and acquisition systems of the said hypothesis, a contingent approach was taken whereby the learned system was deemed congruent with teacher-centred learning and the acquisition system was reflective of student-centred learning due to the conscious and subconscious components, respectively. This research adopted a secondary methodological approach to permit the design and completion of a literature review, which was needed to collectively evaluate original (primary) evidence sources regarding evidence for or against Krashen’s theory of second language acquisition and an acquisition-learning distinction. The findings of the research showed that student-centred learning offers varied advantages over teacher-centred learning in terms of outcomes of value within second language education. Moreover, the findings showed that student-centred learning was associated with meaningful and statistically significant improvements in students’ affective wellbeing and academic performance within second language education. Such findings were observed across child and young adult student groups and thus, show the dynamic utility of student-orientated learning for enhancing education quality and related outcomes.
Illocutionary Speech Acts on Balinese Hospitality Advertising Discourse in Russian: A Pragmatic Study
Authors: Dewi Anggraeni Purnama , Nur Tajudin , Machdalena Susi , Shmelkova Vera Viktorovna
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the types of speech acts, speech forms, and implicatures used by advertisers in promoting hotels as places to stay for tourists while on holiday in Bali. Advertising discourse as much as 50 data were analyzed using speech act theory. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a pragmatic approach. The results of this study indicate that discourse on Bali hospitality advertisements on the internet consists of 27 assertive, 20 commissive, and 3 directive speech acts. As for the form of speech, most of the discourse on hotel advertisements is indirect speech acts. This is because in the existing hospitality advertising discourse there are still many utterances stated implicitly. The conventional and unconventional implicatures from this hotel advertisement are information, suggestions, invitations, and offers. By knowing this, advertisers can optimize their advertising speech acts to make it more informative, persuasive and commercial.
The Colonizer and the Colonized: The Creation of New Social Structure in A Passage to India
Authors: Nayel Dheyaa Khaleel , Mohammed Zena Dhia
Published: January 2024

Colonialism can be defined as the exertion of dominion, whereby the colonizer assumes control and exercises dominance over the colonized. In the case of India, the British colonizers exerted a significant influence on the lives and cultural practices of the indigenous population. Within this framework, E. M. Forster's novel, "A Passage to India," serves as an endeavor by the author to delve into the intricate dynamics between the colonized and the colonizer. This paper aims to examine this relationship, shedding light on the cultural disparities that exist between the two groups and how these constitute the social structure that seem to be the outcome of the interaction between the European and the natives. In A Passage to India, the colonizer is depicted as one who benefits from privilege and seeks personal gain, often at the expense of appropriating that which does not rightfully belong to him. Due to the presence of mistrust and animosity, communication becomes a scarce commodity, which is of utmost significance in the social context.
A Multimodal Metaphor Analysis of WeChat Emoticon From the Perspective of Visual Grammar
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Arumugam Nalini , Qiao Danfeng
Published: January 2024

The WeChat emoticon in China is a multimodal discourse comprising words, pictures, and other symbols. It figuratively represents communication purposes using static symbols, such as words and images and dynamic symbols, such as animation, in synchronisation with both parties' perceptive abilities. This paper analyses the construction of multimodal metaphors with WeChat emoticons as the corpus, based on the three meta-functional theories of visual grammar and the concept of cognitive linguistics, to improve communicators' metaphorical understanding of emoticons and thus promote communication.
An Account of Systematic Review of English for Medical Purposes (EMP) Vocabulary Memorization
Authors: Cui Hongmei , Kaur Naginder , Shariff Tengku Intan Suzila Tengku
Published: January 2024

A high volume of global medical information exchanges has escalated due to the recent pandemic that has hit the world. In addressing international demands of sorts, it is imperative that students improve their English language proficiency, especially for medical purposes. Sufficient vocabulary knowledge is vital for language skills to be employed effectively. However, in China, limited attention has been given to vocabulary learning over the years, especially English for Medical Purposes (EMP) vocabulary since it is very large, complex and filled with jargon. Research shows that students perceive the difficulty of EMP to lie in the learning of vocabulary itself. Faced with problems and challenges in the process of EMP vocabulary learning through memorization technique, theoretical research is urgently required to comprehensively reveal the research status of EMP vocabulary memorization. Therefore, this study adopts the systematic literature review method to evaluate related research on EMP vocabulary memorization in China and abroad from 2011 to 2021. The main characteristics of EMP vocabulary memorization research, the factors that affect EMP vocabulary memorization, and the most popular memory strategies are elaborated in detail in order to integrate the existing fragmented knowledge and demonstrate the development of EMP vocabulary memorization technique(s).
On the Use of Instrumental and Macroseismic Data to Evaluate Ground-Motion Models: The 2019 Mw 6.4 Durres, Albania, Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Xhafaj Edlira , Ma Kuo-Fong , Chan Chung-Han , Gao Jia-Cian
Published: January 2024

In this study, we analyze the existing ground-motion models (GMMs) applicable in Albania for horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration (SA) using instrumental ground motions, and also incorporate online citizen responses from “Did you feel it?” (DYFI) to compensate for the sparse distribution of strong-motion stations and provide better constraints for near-fault motions. Our evaluation focuses primarily on the damaging 26 November 2019 Mw 6.4 Durres earthquake, incorporating 1360 DYFI online citizen responses collected after the Durres mainshock event, along with two significant September foreshocks and two large November aftershocks with a moment magnitude Mw>5.0. In general, the DYFI intensities exhibit higher values than instrumentation data, and we find that SA at 0.3 s better represents the observed macroseismic intensities for all events. In the meantime, the reversible relationships between macroseismic intensities and PGA/SA, as established by Oliveti et al. (2022) based on a dataset from the European region (Italy), show a better fit for the converted DYFI observations when compared to instrumental data, in contrast to the fit of the converted DYFI observations by Worden et al. (2012). This underscores the importance of regional characterization when considering the datasets from online citizen responses. The extensive DYFI intensities set, particularly in near-fault regions, significantly improves the evaluation of GMMs due to the sparse distribution of instrumentation data. Moreover, we account for data variance, and applied the log-likelihood approaches to select and rank a candidate set of GMMs. In addition to recommending a set of GMMs suitable for the Albania region, our study highlights the valuable applications of using online citizen responses like DYFI for ground-motion estimations, which are crucial in regions with limited instrumental station coverage. These online citizen response datasets contribute to better constraining the selection of GMMs, although careful consideration is necessary when relating intensity to ground motion for regional characterization. Our study makes a significant contribution to GMM selection and provides a valuable reference for the logic tree structure in subsequent seismic hazard assessments on both national and regional scales.
An Open-Access Data Set of Active-Source and Passive-Wavefield DAS and Nodal Seismometer Measurements at the Newberry Florida Site
Authors: Abbas Aser , Cox Brady R. , Tran Khiem T. , Corey Isabella , Dawadi Nishkarsha
Published: January 2024

This article documents a comprehensive subsurface imaging experiment using seismic waves in a well-studied outdoor laboratory at Newberry, Florida, which is known for significant spatial variability, karstic voids, and underground anomalies. The experiment used approximately two kilometers of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber-optic cable, forming a dense 2D array of 1920 horizontal-component channels, and a 2D array of 144 SmartSolo three-component nodal seismometers, to sense active-source and passive-wavefield seismic waves. The active-source data were generated using a powerful, triaxial vibroseis shaker truck (T-Rex) and impact sources (accelerated weight drop and an eight-pound sledgehammer) that were simultaneously recorded by both the DAS and nodal seismometers. The vibroseis truck was used to excite the ground in three directions (two horizontal and one vertical) at 260 locations inside and outside the instrumented array, whereas the impact sources were used at 268 locations within the instrumented array. The passive-wavefield data recorded using the nodal seismometers comprised 48 hr of ambient noise collected over a period of four days in four 12-hour time blocks, whereas the passive wavefield data collected using DAS consisted of four hours of ambient noise recordings. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the testing site, experiment layout, the DAS and nodal seismometer acquisition parameters, and implemented raw data processing steps. Although potential use cases, such as surface-wave testing, full-waveform inversion, and ambient noise tomography, are discussed relative to example data, the focus of this article is on documenting this unique data set and presenting its initial data quality rather than on generating subsurface imaging results. The raw and processed data, along with detailed documentation of the experiment and Python tools to aid in visualizing the DAS data set, have been made publicly available.
Bridging Supervised and Unsupervised Learning to Build Volcano Seismicity Classifiers at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
Authors: Cui Xin , Hu Yanlan , Ma Shang , Li Zefeng , Liu Guoming , Huang Hui
Published: January 2024

Real-time classification of volcano seismicity could become a useful component in volcanic monitoring. Supervised learning provides a powerful means to achieve this but often requires a large amount of manually labeled data. Here, we build supervised learning models to discriminate volcano tectonic events (VTs), long-period events (LPs), and hybrid events in Kilauea by training with pseudolabels from unsupervised clustering. We test three different supervised models, and all of them achieve >93% accuracy. We apply the model ensemble to the six-day seismicity during the eruption in 2018 and show that they were mainly VTs (62%), in comparison with the dominance of LPs prior to the eruption (68%). The success of our method is aided by the accuracy of the majority of pseudolabels and the consistency of the three models’ performance. Using Shapley additive explanations, we show that the frequency contents at 1–4 Hz are the most important to differentiate volcano seismicity types. This work, together with our previous clustering analysis, provides an example of bridging unsupervised and supervised learning to construct potential real-time seismic classifiers from scratch.
Pratiques éducatives ouvertes au postsecondaire en milieu minoritaire francophone au Canada : défis et possibilités pour viser l’équité linguistique
Authors: Lachaîne Catherine , Cotnam-Kappel Megan
Published: January 2024

Cette étude qualitative explore les pratiques d’enseignement courantes des professeur.e.s, bibliothécaires et chargé.e.s de cours au postsecondaire en contexte francophone minoritaire et en quoi ces pratiques correspondent ou non aux pratiques éducatives ouvertes (PEO). Nous explorons ce sujet sous la perspective des enjeux d’équité auxquelles font face les communautés francophones minoritaires au Canada, soit les francophones qui vivent en français à l’extérieur de la province du Québec. Ces enjeux d’équité incluent le manque d’accès à des ressources, à des cours et programmes français au postsecondaire, en ligne comme hors ligne. Notre collecte de données pancanadienne par questionnaire nous a permis de rejoindre 68 participant.e.s de huit provinces. Les résultats nous dévoilent des connaissances et applications limitées des PEO au postsecondaire, un manque de ressources en français pour soutenir les PEO et une reconnaissance du potentiel important des PEO au postsecondaire en milieu minoritaire francophone. La réutilisation et le partage de contenu mentionnés par les répondant.e.s constituent les approches ouvertes les plus appliquées, mais les données nous indiquent que les pratiques sont surtout ponctuelles et qu’elles ne s’appliquent pas nécessairement dans tout le processus d’enseignement et d’apprentissage. Une réflexion collective et des actions concrètes sont nécessaires pour souligner le potentiel de créer et de partager ouvertement des ressources et pratiques pédagogiques par et pour cette communauté afin de favoriser l’inclusion et l’équité. Nous recommandons la création de ressources éducatives libres et une campagne de sensibilisation nationale auprès des professeur.e.s de la part des expert.e.s dans le domaine comme premiers pas.
Designing agile pathways for climate adaptation skill development
Authors: Porter David , Cox Robin , Forssman Vivian
Published: January 2024

Capacity building for advancing climate-change leadership has become a critical workforce development requirement for both professionals and front-line workers. As the World Economic Forum Jobs 2020 report noted, there is an increasing need to provide short-timeframe opportunities for reskilling and upskilling that will keep step with the increasing issues of the climate crisis. Micro-credentials have been proposed as a strategy to enable the ongoing development of knowledge and skills to address this workforce development requirement, which we examine in the context of a university initiative that has prototyped skill pathways to address key climate adaptation themes.We report and discuss the strategic use of the Climate Adaptation Competency Framework (2020)–a Creative Commons-licensed (CC) open competency framework–along with the use of open educational resources to create agile pathways to skill development for climate adaptation and action. The pathways we have designed and are testing combine self-directed learning resources, individual and group activities, and authentic assessment practices to validate skill development. Micro-credentials are awarded from a university continuing and professional studies division to learners from multiple practice domains for demonstrations of competence.
Modern possibilities of phytotherapy for male infertility from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine
Authors: Bratchikov Oleg I. , Tyuzikov Igor A. , Grekov Evgeniy A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Male infertility is an topical medical and social problem of modern reproductive medicine. Its pharmacotherapy is often empirical in nature, and the most popular method remains the use of various herbal substances (phytotherapy), the effectiveness of which remains still understudied in the framework of evidence-based medicine.

Materials and Methods: The results of research, thematic, systematic and Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses were searched in Medline/PubMed medical databases over the past 5 years using the search queries "plants male infertility", "plants sperm", "phytotherapy male infertility", "phytomedicinal therapeutics male infertility", "systematic review", "meta-analysis", and "review".

Results: The vast majority of herbal substances offered for the treatment of male infertility demonstrate insufficient or contradictory evidence base for their clinical effectiveness, although some of them can be very useful pharmacotherapeutic options in the combined therapy of male infertility.

Conclusion: Not all plant substances with a "reproductive effect" positioned in them actually have proven reproductive effects in studies in humans, therefore, the choice of phytotherapeutic agents in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility should be currently approached extremely carefully, especially in cases when we choose phytotherapy as an option for empirical monotherapy of male reproductive disorders.