bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
005 Filling in the gaps: precision MRI reporting in multiple sclerosis clinical practice
Authors: Beadnall Heidi , Barnett Yael , Ly Linda , Wang Chenyu , Billiet Thibo , Ribbens Annemie , Hecke Wim Van , Masters Lynette , Hardy Todd A , Barnett Michael H
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Clinical multiple sclerosis (MS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain reports provide important information to neurologists. The quantitative data reported varies between centres and radiologists. Structured MRI reporting and formal quantitative MRI (QMRI) analysis may assist clinicians with patient management. The objective is to compare quantitative data derived from standard clinical reports, structured neuroradiologist reviews, local QMRI analyses and fully-automated MSmetrix QMRI analyses, in a longitudinal clinical MS cohort.

Methods

Clinical brain MRI scans separated by one-year minimum, from the same patient on the same scanner, were evaluated. Quantitative information was extracted from the clinical reports and structured neuroradiologist reviews. MRI scan-pairs were analysed locally by imaging-analysts and centrally by MSmetrix.

Results

50 MS patients, baseline age 39.02 (9.06) years, disease duration 9.11 (6.88) years and Expanded Disability Status Scale score 1.91 (1.62), were included. Compared to clinical reports, structured neuroradiologist reviews provided increased semi-/quantitative data; baseline T2 and T1 lesion burden (50% vs 100%; 2% vs 100%), baseline brain volume-loss (BVL; 72% vs 100%), new T1 lesions (0% vs 100%), regional brain atrophy (BA; 20% vs 100%). Lesion and brain volumes were not provided in radiology reports/reviews. Comparison of local and central QMRI revealed moderate-strong Pearson correlations for most metrics; Intra-class correlations varied more widely. Statistical consistency existed across all methods in detecting new T2 lesions. Radiologist-identified baseline BVL was associated with lower quantitatively-measured brain volumes. Local QMRI longitudinal BA rates >0.4% and >0.8%, were 48% and 26% respectively. Neuroradiologist review identified BA in 12%.

Conclusion

Structured neuroradiology review provided additional quantitative information over standard clinical reports. Quantitative data measured using local and MSmetrix pipelines were generally well associated but are not interchangeable. Longitudinal whole brain and regional atrophy is not reliably identified by radiologists and QMRI analysis provides a clear advantage in this regard. Structured reporting, and formal QMRI analysis, provide additional quantitative MRI data that may assist clinical decision-making in MS.
057 Real world evidence (RWE) on long-term persistence of fingolimod in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in australia
Authors: Walker Robert , Schulz Mark , Arora Birendra , Chung Eric , Juneja Prabhjot , Verhaeghe Stephane , Spelman Tim , Broadley Simon
Published: May 2018

Introduction

This study aimed to examine and compare patient persistence of fingolimod to all reimbursed disease modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in Australia.

Method

The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) 10% sample supplied by the Department of Human Services was used in this study. Eligible patients must have received a script for a reimbursed DMT for RRMS between September 2011 and February 2016. Patient demographics were summarised using mean and standard deviation or frequency percentage. Persistence was defined as a patient that remained on a DMT with a gap in scripts of no longer than 4 months. Individual patients could be included multiple times if they initiated a new DMT during the study period. Persistence was derived using the Kaplan-Meier method and hazard ratios (HR). Persistence to individual treatments was then compared to the average persistence observed across all treatments; p-values were based on the log-rank test.

Results

720 unique patients were eligible for the study, contributing 1827 observations that for analysis (2.5 new initiations/patient). Overall the median persistence (MP) to therapy was 29.6 months with 67.7% of patients remaining on therapy for 12 months. The only DMT with significantly better persistence compared to the overall average was fingolimod (HR 0.65 (95%CI 0.57–0.73; p<0.001). Patients had an MP of 60 months on fingolimod with 79.5% of patients persistent at 12 months. Patients were significantly less persistent to interferon Beta-1a, interferon Beta-1b, glatiramer acetate and dimethyl fumarate (hazard ratios above 1.27 (p values all≤0.001) whilst the remaining DMTs, teriflunomide and natalizumab, showed no significant difference from the average persistence.

Conclusion

In this analysis of PBS sample data, patients were most persistent to fingolimod treatment amongst all DMTs.
059 Teratoma with glycine, NMDA & VGKC antibodies presenting with severe weakness, respiratory failure & corticospinal tract dysfunction
Authors: Swayne Andrew , O’Gorman Cullen , Sheikh Nabeel , Brown Helen , Buck Lyndall , Prain Kerri , Gillis David , Wong Richard , Blum Stefan
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Glycine antibodies are associated with progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) but have been rarely reported to cause myasthenic-like symptoms.1 We present a single patient seen at a tertiary neurology centre with fatigable muscle weakness and corticospinal tract dysfunction with positive glycine, VGKC and NMDA receptor antibodies, associated with an ovarian teratoma expressing neural tissue.

Case

A 32 year old female presented with fatigable muscle weakness. Physical examination was atypical for a disease of the neuromuscular junction with features of exaggerated reflexes and clonus. The weakness progressed over 1–2 weeks leading to respiratory failure. Investigations including MRI brain, repetitive stimulation and acetylcholine-receptor antibody studies were all within the normal limits. Studies for neuronal antibodies against intracellular targets were negative. Further investigation revealed positive autoantibodies against Glycine receptor, NMDA (N-Methyl-d-aspartate) receptor and VGKC (voltage-gated potassium channel) with an underlying ovarian teratoma. Complete clinical resolution was achieved with teratoma resection and 2 g/kg course of intravenous immunoglobulin. Histopathological examination of the tumour revealed a mature cystic teratoma with dystrophic calcification. The teratoma included skin, adipose tissue, intestinal type mucosa, and neuroglial tissue in which nerve fibres and ganglion cells are present. A lymphoid infiltrate was concentrated in areas of neural tissue within the teratoma.

Conclusion

Muscle weakness, corticospinal tract dysfunction and respiratory failure have previously been reported in the context of anti-glycine antibodies. This is the first case where anti-glycine, anti-NMDA and anti-VGKC antibodies have been found in the context of an ovarian teratoma. The autoimmune nature of this condition is emphasised by the lymphoid infiltrate around the neural tissue expressed within the teratoma.

Reference

1. Carvajal-Gonzalez A, Leite MI, Waters P, Woodhall M, Coutinho E, Balint B, … Vincent A. Glycine receptor antibodies in PERM and related syndromes: characteristics, clinical features and outcomes. Brain2014;137(Pt 8):2178–2192.
067 Efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: analysis of pooled double-blind data from the clarity and onward studies
Authors: Giovannoni Gavin , Montalban Xavier , Rammohan Kottil , Cook Stuart , Comi Giancarlo , Rieckmann Peter , Soelberg-Sorensen Per , Vermersch Patrick , Dangond Fernando , King John , Damian Doris
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Patients with relapsing MS (RMS) who show an increased rate of relapse or disability worsening can be described as showing high disease activity (HDA). Treatment with cladribine tablets (CT) in the CLARITY study, and with CT added to interferon-β in the ONWARD study demonstrated efficacy vs. placebo (PBO) across a range of patients with active MS. Combining double-blind data from these studies allows assessment of the efficacy of treatment with CT 3.5 mg/kg (CT3.5; cumulative dose). The objective of this post-hoc analysis is to compare the effects of CT3.5 vs. PBO on the proportion of patients achieving no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) status in HDA subgroups identified using two sets of criteria in a pooled cohort of patients from CLARITY and ONWARD.

Methods

Patients from CLARITY and ONWARD were retrospectively stratified using 2 sets of HDA criteria based on relapse history, prior treatment, and MRI characteristics: high relapse activity (HRA; n=314) and HRA plus disease-activity-on-treatment (HRA +DAT; n=459). Patients treated with CT3.5 or PBO who fulfilled these criteria and achieved NEDA were compared over 2 years using odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CIs.

Results

In the HRA subgroup, 76.5% of CT3.5-treated patients were relapse-free, 86.7% were T1 Gd +lesion free vs. 50.7% and 35.8%, respectively, for PBO. In the HRA +DAT subgroup, 77.6% were relapse-free and 88.8% were T1 Gd +lesion free with CT3.5 vs. 53.9% and 40.8%, respectively for PBO. In the HRA and HRA +DAT subgroups, 42.7% and 41.3%, respectively, of CT3.5-treated patients were disease activity free compared with 9.7%, (OR 6.94, 95% CI 3.67;13.12, p<0.0001) and 13.7% (OR 4.28, 95% CI 2.62;6.99, p<0.0001) respectively, of PBO recipients. In the overall CLARITY+ONWARD population (including non-HDA patients), the composite NEDA score also favoured CT over PBO (OR 3.95, 95% CI 2.90;5.37, p<0.0001).

Conclusion

Compared with placebo, treatment with CT3.5 was associated with increased odds of achieving NEDA in HDA patients.
075 Association between intracranial stenosis and extracranial stenosis seen in stroke patients
Authors: Guduguntla Geetha , Ting Cheng Ling , Jain Tarun , Gawarikar Yash , Patel Ronak
Published: May 2018

Introduction

The association between intracranial stenosis (ICS) and extracranial stenosis (ECS) using CT angiography (CTA) and the occurrence of ischaemic stroke and TIA has not yet been fully investigated.

This study aimed to investigate if there is a clinically significant relationship between ICS and ECS with stroke and its risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods

Four hundred and fifteen consecutive patients that presented to Calvary Public Hospital, Bruce were retrospectively analysed, with 158 excluded for incomplete CTA and MRA results. ICS and ECS severity was based on grading used in the WASID and SAMPRISS trials, while the Fazekas scale was used to grade periventricular white matter disease. CTA findings were used to base the presence and absence of stenosis.

Results

ICS and/or ECS was present in 80% with ischaemic stroke, 78% with TIAs but comparatively only in 56% of those diagnosed as ‘mimics’ (p<0.05). Univariate analysis demonstrated an association between presence of ICS and AF, hypertension, IHD and diabetes (82%, 73%, 84%, 78%; p<0.001) respectively, while for ECS only with AF, hypertension and IHD (77%, 67%, 81%; p<0.001) respectively. Diabetes was independently associated as single biggest risk factor for ICS. Most steno-occlusive lesions were bilateral for ICS and ECS at 80% and 61%, respectively. There also seems to be an association between the presence of ECS and the presence of ICS, with ECS particularly demonstrating predictive value for ICS (ECS PPV for ICS=0.85, chi-square p-value<0.001).

Conclusion

These findings suggest a significant association between the presence of ICS and ECS with the occurrence of ischaemic stroke and TIAs as well as with well-known stroke risk factors. This also indicates that perhaps the underlying pathophysiology for steno-occlusive lesions plays a role in ischaemic stroke and warrants further investigating.
079 Nerve ultrasound cross sectional area does not correlate with electrodiagnostic carpal tunnel severity in the very elderly
Authors: Mulroy Eoin , Pelosi Luciana
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Ultrasound measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) at the wrist has emerged as an accurate and useful complement to electrophysiology in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).AANEM, 2012 A number of studies have also shown a positive correlation between median nerve CSA and electrodiagnostic severity. After noting absence of the expected nerve enlargement on ultrasound in some very elderly patients, we sought to correlate nerve ultrasound and electrodiagnostic findings in a very elderly population and to compare this with a population of younger patients.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective review of electrophysiology and ultrasound data collected during routine clinical practice at our institution over a 13 month period. The correlation between electrodiagnostic severity and median nerve CSA at the wrist in patients aged 40–65 years (59 patients, 70 hands) was compared with a population of very elderly patients aged ≥80 years (33 patients, 40 hands). The sensitivity of nerve ultrasound for the detection of CTS was calculated for both groups.

Results

In the 40–65 years age group, there was a strong positive correlation between electrodiagnostic severity and median nerve CSA (r=0.79, p<0.01). In patients aged over 80 years, there was no significant correlation between the two techniques (r=0.09, p=0.57). Compared to ‘gold standard’ electrophysiologic tests, nerve ultrasound sensitivity for the detection of CTS was 98% in the 40–65 years age group and 62% in the very elderly group.

Conclusion

The absence of expected median nerve enlargement in very elderly patients with electrodiagnostic evidence of CTS may reflect a different pathophysiologic response to distal median nerve entrapment in advanced age. Our data also suggests that nerve CSA measurement alone may not be a reliable tool for the detection of CTS in the very elderly. Further studies of its diagnostic accuracy in very elderly patients are warranted.
093 Clinical and imaging discordance in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Devlin Michael J , Dwivedee Archana , White Richard P
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is to be suspected in cases of thunderclap headache particularly when associated with convex subarachnoid haemorrhage without cerebral aneurysm. Angiographic changes and clinical state do not always correlate. We present a case report from the Townsville Hospital.

Case

A 49 year old female presented to another hospital with recurrent thunderclap headaches first commencing with exercise. The medical history included idiopathic intracranial hypertension in remission, chronic migraine treated with botulinum toxin, and depression treated with amitriptyline and desvenlafaxine. MR imaging revealed cerebral vertex subarachnoid haemorrhage with normal MR angiogram of the cerebral vessels. The patient was transferred to our institution in a confused and restless state for cerebral digital subtraction angiogram, which was normal. A lumbar puncture revealed elevated white cells of 17×106/L with normal CSF protein and opening pressure of 39 cm H2O. Nimodipine that had been commenced before the patient became encephalopathic was ceased. Her confusion and headaches resolved but relapsed after three days. A repeat MR brain revealed multiple T2 hyperintensities in bilateral anterior and posterior circulation territories demonstrating diffusion restriction, and MR angiography revealed new segmental strictures and beading of bilateral middle and anterior cerebral arteries. The patient was diagnosed with overlap RCVS/posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; desvenlafaxine was ceased, acetazolamide commenced for raised intracranial pressure and a several week course of nimodipine recommenced. The patient was discharged home after resolution of headache and confusion without neurological deficit.

Conclusion

This case highlights the dynamic changes of vasoconstriction and that angiographic findings can be discordant from the clinical status. Serial imaging is required to detect abnormalities of RCVS when the clinical suspicion is high. CSF analysis can be normal, however may reveal elevated protein or pleocytosis. The cause of our patient’s RCVS was thought to be the chronic use of desvenlafaxine.
096 A 47-year old female with slowly progressive cognitive impairment and motor decline
Authors: Vallat Wilson , Kleinig Timothy
Published: May 2018

Introduction

We present the case of a woman with an 8 year history of slowly progressive cognitive dysfunction and gait disturbance, and a diagnosis of vanishing white matter disease (VWMD).

Case

The patient struggled at work as an accountant, her hand writing became illegible, she had difficulty judging distances when driving and she had developed gait instability, slowing and falls. Her past medical history was unremarkable save for premature menopause at 35. Examination showed marked cognitive impairment ACE-R 59/100 (attention and orientation – 13/18, memory – 16/26, fluency – 1/14, language – 21/26, visuospatial – 8/16), reduced dexterity of hands, left upper limb ataxia and high- level gait dysfunction. MRI brain showed leukodystrophy with frontal predominance. Relevant investigations – white cell enzymes, very long chain fatty acids, phytanic acid, CSF were normal. In view of the clinical and radiological features genetic testing with leukodystrophy panel was performed which revealed homozygous eukaryotic translation initiation factor B3 (EIF2B3) mutation (p.Ala87Val variant). Adult onset leukodystrophies are rare genetic metabolic disorders of the glial cells. The white matter (WM) degeneration causes disruption of distributed neural networks resulting in variable constellation of cognitive dysfunction, ataxia, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. The clinical and radiological phenotypes overlap and there are up to 60 genes that account for adult onset leukodystrophy, which makes diagnosis challenging. Vanishing white matter disease due to EIF2B gene mutation are a group of disorders that result from mutation of any of the EIF2B subunits (1 to 5). Two thirds have associated premature ovarian failure. MRI shows confluent WM T2 high signal, subcortical U Fibre sparing, periventricular WM rarefaction and cerebral atrophy. Management is symptomatic.

Conclusion

Adult onset VWMD is a rare and devastating condition. When evaluating these patients targeted gene testing guided by clinical and radiological phenotype is likely to provide the highest diagnostic yield. Establishing the diagnosis is important as it has implications on future generations.
100 Autoimmune lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome in young adults
Authors: Winkel Antony , Reardon Katrina , Roberts Leslie
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a neuromuscular junction transmission disorder that is associated with malignancy (most often small cell lung cancer) and antibodies to the voltage gated calcium channel. Rarely, it can occur as a non-paraneoplastic phenomenon. The diagnosis can be difficult, and reduced motor amplitudes on nerve conduction studies can be misattributed to neurogenic or myopathic processes unless the referring physician or neurophysiologist considers LEMS in the differential diagnosis. Two cases of non-paraneoplastic LEMS were identified from testing performed in the Neurophysiology laboratory of St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne in 2017. The histories, examination findings, investigations, extensive neurophysiological testing and response to treatment are presented.

Cases

The two patients identified were aged 18 and 34 years at diagnosis. Both had a history of slowly progressive proximal weakness preferentially affecting the lower limbs over several years, with associated autonomic symptoms. The younger patient had become wheelchair dependent at age 17. Detailed neurophysiological testing demonstrated a pre-synaptic defect of neuromuscular junction transmission. The younger patient showed myopathic features on needle EMG. Voltage gated calcium channel antibodies were positive in both cases. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 3, 4-diaminopyridine, pyridostigmine, and azathioprine was associated with a definite improvement in strength and function in both patients. The patient with myopathic EMG features has residual moderate weakness but is now ambulant. Extensive screening for malignancies (including whole-body PET) has been negative, but surveillance will be continued for up to 5 years.

Conclusion

Non-paraneoplastic LEMS is a rare, but treatable, condition that warrants consideration, particularly when neurophysiological testing reveals reduced motor amplitudes. Successful diagnosis requires a threshold of suspicion in the neurophysiologist or referring neurologist.
Association between tax structure and cigarette consumption: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Project
Authors: Shang Ce , Lee Hye Myung , Chaloupka Frank J , Fong Geoffrey T , Thompson Mary , O’Connor Richard J
Published: May 2018

Background

Recent studies show that greater price variability and more opportunities for tax avoidance are associated with tax structures that depart from a specific uniform one. These findings indicate that tax structures other than a specific uniform one may lead to more cigarette consumption.

Objective

This paper aims to examine how cigarette tax structure is associated with cigarette consumption.

Methods

We used survey data taken from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project in 17 countries to conduct the analysis. Self-reported cigarette consumption was aggregated to average measures for each surveyed country and wave. The effect of tax structures on cigarette consumption was estimated using generalised estimating equations after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, average taxes and year fixed effects.

Findings

Our study provides important empirical evidence of a relationship between tax structure and cigarette consumption. We find that a change from a specific to an ad valorem structure is associated with a 6%–11% higher cigarette consumption. In addition, a change from uniform to tiered structure is associated with a 34%–65% higher cigarette consumption. The results are consistent with existing evidence and suggest that a uniform and specific tax structure is the most effective tax structure for reducing tobacco consumption.
Effect of embryo transfer technique on the likelihood of pregnancy in the mare: a comparison of conventional and Wilsher's forceps‐assisted transfer
Authors: Cuervo‐Arango Juan , Claes Anthony N , Stout Tom A
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to compare the success of embryo transfer (ET) performed by veterinarians with different degrees of experience using one of two ET techniques. Over three years, 179 embryos were transferred by three operators with moderate to high experience using a ‘conventional’ manual technique, and 170 embryos were transferred by four operators with little or no previous ET experience using a ‘Wilsher’ technique (Polansky speculum and Wilsher's cervical forceps). The pregnancy status of recipient mares at the first pregnancy diagnosis and the embryo loss by the last examination were compared between groups and within group among operators. More recipients became pregnant (P<0.005) following ET with the Wilsher technique (157/170; 92.3 per cent) than with the conventional technique (127/179; 70.9 per cent), while the incidence of pregnancy loss did not differ between the groups (9.1 v 7.9 per cent, respectively). For the conventional technique, there was a significant operator effect (P<0.01) on the percentage of pregnant recipients at the first examination (50.9–79.7 per cent); no operator effect was apparent for the Wilsher technique (90.9–93.4 per cent). In conclusion, the Wilsher technique yielded high pregnancy rates (>90 per cent).
Synthesis, reactivity, and antimicrobial properties of boron-containing 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazide derivatives
Authors: Scott Ryan S. , Veinot Alex J. , Stack Darcie L. , Gormley Patrick T. , Khuong B. Ninh , Vogels Christopher M. , Masuda Jason D. , Baerlocher Felix J. , MacCormack Tyson J. , Westcott Stephen A.
Published: May 2018

The addition of 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazide to benzaldehyde and boronic acid containing derivatives afforded the corresponding thiosemicarbazones (1–3) or benzodiazaborines (4–6) depending on the position of the boronic acid within the ring. All compounds have been characterized fully including an X-ray diffraction study of the methoxy-containing benzodiazaborine 6. Attempts to coordinate thiosemicarbazones 2 and 3 to palladium(II) acetate were unsuccessful; however, addition of the non-boron-containing derivative 1 to palladium afforded complex 7 whose molecular structure was determined by an X-ray diffraction study. The initial bioactivities of compounds 1–7 were examined against two fungi, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and two bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Perspectives of a myosin motor activator agent with increased selectivity
Authors: Nánási Péter , Komáromi István , Almássy János
Published: May 2018

Clinical treatment of heart failure is still not fully solved. A novel class of agents, the myosin motor activators, acts directly on cardiac myosin resulting in an increased force generation and prolongation of contraction. Omecamtiv mecarbil, the lead molecule of this group, is now in human phase 3 displaying promising clinical performance. However, omecamtiv mecarbil is not selective to myosin, because it readily binds to and activates cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR-2), an effect that may cause complications in case of overdose. In this study, in silico analysis was performed to investigate the docking of omecamtiv mecarbil and other structural analogues to cardiac myosin heavy chain and RyR-2 to select the structure that has a higher selectivity to myosin over RyR-2. In silico docking studies revealed that omecamtiv mecarbil has comparable affinity to myosin and RyR-2: the respective Kdvalues are 0.60 and 0.87 μmol/L. Another compound, CK-1032100, has much lower affinity to RyR-2 than omecamtiv mecarbil, while it still has a moderate affinity to myosin. It was concluded that further research starting from the chemical structure of CK-1032100 may result a better myosin activator burdened probably less by the RyR-2 binding side effect. It also is possible, however, that the selectivity of omecamtiv mecarbil to myosin over RyR-2 cannot be substantially improved, because similar moieties seem to be responsible for the high affinity to both myosin and RyR-2.
Measure of layer centrality in multilayer network
Authors: Chen Xiao , Lu Zhe-Ming
Published: May 2018

Many real-world complex systems consist of a set of basic units that are connected by different kinds of relationships. All types of such systems can be described by a multilayer network, where each link represents different types of interaction among the same set of nodes. In this paper, we present a general framework to characterize the influences (centrality) of layers. Furthermore, we propose two measures for layer centrality in terms of network connectivity under this framework. The basic idea of our measures consists in assigning more centrality value to layers that contribute more connectivity in a multilayer network. In other words, layers are more influential if more centrality values of links are assigned to them. We validate the measures on a real-world dataset of air transportation multilayer network and find that the measures are able to extract novel and useful information from the dataset.
Unearthing radial independence for prediction of alpha-decay half-lives
Authors: Bhoi Swagatika , Sahu Basudeb
Published: May 2018

Nuclear radial distance is a prerequisite for generating any alpha-decay half-life formula by taking a suitable effective potential. We study the emission process of alpha particles from an isolated quasi-bound state generated by an effective potential to a scattering state. The effective potential is expressed in terms of Frahn form of potential which is exactly solvable and an analytical expression for half-life is obtained in terms of Coulomb function, wave function and the potential. We then derive a closed-form expression for the decay half-life in terms of the parameters of the potential, Q-value of the system, mass and proton numbers of the nuclei valid for alpha-decay as well as proton-decay. From the nature of variations of half-life as a function of radial distance, we trace the radial independence region where decay time is almost constant. Finally, by overviewing our results and picking that particular radial distance, we predict the half-lives of a series of nuclei by using the closed-form expression. We also predict the half-lives of isotopes of nuclei with [Formula: see text] and 120.
Supercontinent, Neo-Renaissance and Cultural Communications:The Millennium Mindset Transformations Induced by the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Feng Da Hsuan
Published: May 2018

In September and October 2013, President Xi Jinping unveiled for the world, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In this paper, we shall argue and discuss that three major outcomes with global implications and impact can and will result from this initiative. They are the formation of SUPERCONTINENT, the creation of a NEO-RENAISSANCE and China proactively engaging in a hitherto unprecedented CULTURAL COMMUNICATIONS with the outside world. All three are the result of the transformation of a millennium mindset of China and Chinese; without the BRI, they may not happen.
UK Prime Minister May’s Visit to China Leaves Sino-British Partnership on Belt and Road Less Than Golden
Authors: Toh Han Shih
Published: May 2018

The visit of UK Prime Minister Theresa May to China in January and February 2018 was less golden than the “golden era” of Sino-British cooperation touted by both countries. May refused to formally endorse China’s Belt and Road Initiative, the Chinese government’s project of connecting China with Asia, Russia, Europe, Middle East and Africa through infrastructure projects. The UK’s bargaining position was weakened with Brexit, and that was evident during May’s visit to China.
Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone, western British Columbia
Authors: Greene H. Gary , Barrie J. Vaughn , Brothers Daniel S. , Conrad James E. , Conway Kim , East Amy E. , Enkin Randy , Maier Katherine L. , Nishenko Stuart P. , Walton Maureen A. L. , Rohr Kristin M. M.
Published: May 2018

Multibeam echosounder (MBES) images, 3.5 kHz seismic-reflection profiles and piston cores obtained along the southern Queen Charlotte Fault Zone are used to map and date mass-wasting events at this transform margin – a seismically active boundary that separates the Pacific Plate from the North American Plate. Whereas the upper continental slope adjacent to and east (upslope) of the fault zone offshore of the Haida Gwaii is heavily gullied, few large-sized submarine landslides in this area are observed in the MBES images. However, smaller submarine seafloor slides exist locally in areas where fluid flow appears to be occurring and large seafloor slides have recently been detected at the base of the steep continental slope just above its contact with the abyssal plain on the Queen Charlotte Terrace. In addition, along the subtle slope re-entrant area offshore of the Dixon Entrance shelf bathymetric data suggest that extensive mass wasting has occurred in the vicinity of an active mud volcano venting gas. We surmise that the relative lack of submarine slides along the upper slope in close proximity to the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone may be the result of seismic strengthening (compaction and cohesion) of a sediment-starved shelf and slope through multiple seismic events.
A Novel Technique for Speech Recognition and Visualization Based Mobile Application to Support Two‐Way Communication between Deaf‐Mute and Normal Peoples
Authors: Yousaf Kanwal , Mehmood Zahid , Saba Tanzila , Rehman Amjad , Rashid Muhammad , Altaf Muhammad , Shuguang Zhang
Published: May 2018

Mobile technology is very fast growing and incredible, yet there are not much technology development and improvement for Deaf‐mute peoples. Existing mobile applications use sign language as the only option for communication with them. Before our article, no such application (app) that uses the disrupted speech of Deaf‐mutes for the purpose of social connectivity exists in the mobile market. The proposed application, named as vocalizer to mute (V2M), uses automatic speech recognition (ASR) methodology to recognize the speech of Deaf‐mute and convert it into a recognizable form of speech for a normal person. In this work mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) based features are extracted for each training and testing sample of Deaf‐mute speech. The hidden Markov model toolkit (HTK) is used for the process of speech recognition. The application is also integrated with a 3D avatar for providing visualization support. The avatar is responsible for performing the sign language on behalf of a person with no awareness of Deaf‐mute culture. The prototype application was piloted in social welfare institute for Deaf‐mute children. Participants were 15 children aged between 7 and 13 years. The experimental results show the accuracy of the proposed application as 97.9%. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of results also revealed that face‐to‐face socialization of Deaf‐mute is improved by the intervention of mobile technology. The participants also suggested that the proposed mobile application can act as a voice for them and they can socialize with friends and family by using this app.
Feasibility of Using Nanoparticles of SiO2 to Improve the Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Younis Khaleel H. , Mustafa Shelan M.
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper was to examine the feasibility of using nanoparticles of SiO2 (nanosilica) to improve the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) containing recycled aggregate (RA) derived from processing construction and demolition waste of concrete buildings. The examined properties include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption. The study also includes examining the microstructure of RA and RAC with and without nanoparticles of SiO2. In total, nine mixes were investigated. Two mixes with RA contents of 50% and 100% were investigated and for each RA content; three mixes were prepared with three different nanoparticles dosages 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% (by mass of cement). A control mix with natural aggregate (NA) was also prepared for comparison reasons. The results show that nanoparticles of silica can improve the compressive strength, tensile strength, reduce the water absorption, and modify the microstructure of RAC.
Effects of Deposition Time on the Morphology, Structure, and Optical Properties of PbS Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Abdallah B. , Ismail A. , Kashoua H. , Zetoun W.
Published: May 2018

Lead sulfide thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) on both glass and Si (100) substrates. XRD analysis of the PbS film deposited at 25°C showed that the prepared films have a polycrystalline structure with (200) preferential orientation. Larger grains could be obtained by increasing the deposition time. The prepared films were also chemically characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which confirmed the presence of lead and sulfur as PbS. While energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) technique was used to verify the stoichiometry of the prepared films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the change in the films’ morphology with the deposition time. The effect of the deposition time, on both optical transmittance in the UV-Vis-NIR region and the structure of the film, was studied. The obtained results demonstrated that the optical band gap decreased when the thickness increased.
Prevalence of Anterior Dental Trauma and Its Associated Factors among Preschool Children Aged 3–5 Years in Khartoum City, Sudan
Authors: Sulieman Alaa Gamaleldin , Awooda Elhadi Mohieldin
Published: May 2018

Background. Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is a challenging public health problem. Its incidence and prevalence vary within countries, states, and different social groups.Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in primary incisors among 3–5-year-old Sudanese preschool children and associated factors such as age, sex, and size of overjet and anterior open bite.Materials and Methods. Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 600 preschool children (3–5 years old) selected by multistage cluster technique from preschools located in Khartoum city, Sudan. The data regarding age, sex, causes, and treatment of TDI were collected from the mothers through structured interview questionnaire. Children were examined in an upright position, using mouth mirror and torch. A single examiner assessed the type of trauma, the tooth involved, and overbite/overjet. The data were analyzed statistically through descriptive analysis, and the chi-square test was used to compare between different variables withP<0.05.Results. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) was 18.5%. Enamel fractures were the most common type (74.8%), followed by enamel and dentin (11.7%). The maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth, and the home was most common place for TDI. The prevalence rate was 45% in boys and 55% in girls with a statistically significant difference (P=0.02).Conclusions. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries to the primary anterior teeth among the Sudanese preschool children was relatively high (18.5%). Factors such as overjet size, overbite size, and lip competency were not significantly correlated with dental trauma among the studied population.
Physical Layer Security Performance Based on 3D Heterogeneous Network
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wu Lingling , Li Baogang , Bao Hui , Zhang Chunxiu
Published: May 2018

The distribution of the base stations (BSs) and users is mostly designed as a two‐dimensional model in the study about heterogeneous networks (HetNets), which is not suitable for ultra‐dense network scenarios. Meanwhile, the eavesdroppers existing in vertical dimension directly reduce the physical layer security of the HetNets. To tackle the mentioned problem, we propose to adjust the vertical dimension of the full‐dimension (FD) antenna placed in the BSs; then the signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) of the legitimate users and eavesdroppers are given due to the tilted angle. According to the three‐dimensional Poisson point process (PPP) of BSs and users, the cumulative distribution function of SNR is deduced, which derives the closed expression of average security rate. The simulation results verify the correctness of the closed expression and the feasibility of proposed scenarios that the physical layer security performance can be improved by adjusting the vertical tilt angle. And density ratio of the BSs can be obtained in the various specific scenes.
Parasitic Appendicitis: A Novel Laparoscopic Approach for the Prevention of Peritoneal Contamination
Authors: Zarbaliyev Elbrus , Celik Sebahattin
Published: May 2018

Background/Aim. Although rare, parasitic infection can cause acute appendicitis and result in contamination of the peritonea during appendectomy. The goal of this study was to summarize our experiences with parasitic appendicitis and describe a novel laparoscopic technique to prevent contamination.Method. All patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis who underwent appendectomy between January 2016 and January 2017 were included in the study. All appendectomies were performed using the standard three-port laparoscopic method, and a video recording was made of each procedure. Following separation of the mesoappendix, a single endoloop was placed in the base of the appendix, and the appendix was then transected 3-4 mm above the clamp with the aid of a thermal cauterizing/sealing device. The appendix was extracted from the 10 mm trocar hole below the umbilicus and placed inside a bag prepared from a glove. After pathological confirmation of parasitic appendicitis, medical records were retrospectively analyzed in each case for whether peritoneal contamination had occurred or not.Results. Out of 97 appendectomies, parasitic infection was observed in 4 cases, as confirmed by pathological examination. In two of these patients,E. vermiculariswas detected, while the other two were infected withBalantidium coli. Intraoperative contamination did not occur in any of the cases, and retrospective review of the video recordings indicated no peritoneal contamination.Conclusion. As a result of the coagulation and sealing effects of thermal devices, airtight seals were created on the residual appendiceal stumps, and consequently, no contamination was observed in any of the cases.
Altered Salivary Alpha-Amylase Secretion in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Xu Zhuoni , Wei Baoping , Qiu Yanting , Zhang Tao
Published: May 2018

Purpose. Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) frequently present with psychological disturbances as well as dysfunctions of autonomic nervous system (ANS). Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) secretion is predominantly controlled by sympathetic nervous activity, while salivary fluid secretion is by parasympathetic nervous activity. Thus, it is speculated that alterations of salivary secretion may be addressed in UC populations. Methods. Thirty-five UC patients as well as 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Saliva samples before and after citric acid stimulation were collected from each participant, and salivary flow rate (SFR) was calculated accordingly. Western blotting and quantitative PCR were applied to measure the sAA level and sAA gene (AMY1) copy number, respectively. The psychological disorders, anxiety and depression, were evaluated by the scoring system of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for each participant. Results. We observed robustly increased prevalence of anxiety (p<0.001) as well as depression (p<0.001) in UC patients relative to controls. Interestingly, we detected elevated basal (p=0.015) and stimulated (p=0.021) sAA levels in the UC populations compared to controls. However, no differences were found for basal (p=0.643) or stimulated (p=0.402) SFR between the two study groups. Besides, AMY1 gene copy number was comparable between UC patients and controls. Conclusions. Our results reveal an overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and a normal activity of the parasympathetic nervous system in the UC population.
Lorentz Violation, Möller Scattering, and Finite Temperature
Authors: Santos Alesandro F. , Khanna Faqir C.
Published: May 2018

Lorentz and CPT symmetries may be violated in new physics that emerges at very high energy scale, that is, at the Planck scale. The differential cross section of the Möller scattering due to Lorentz violation at finite temperature is calculated. Lorentz-violating effects emerge from an interaction vertex due to a CPT-odd nonminimal coupling in the covariant derivative. The finite temperature effects are determined using the Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism.
Insights into Brevibacillus borstelensis AK1 through Whole Genome Sequencing: A Thermophilic Bacterium Isolated from a Hot Spring in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khalil Amjad B. , Sivakumar Neelamegam , Arslan Muhammad , Saleem Hamna , Qarawi Sami
Published: May 2018

Brevibacillus borstelensis AK1 is a thermophile which grows between the temperatures of 45°C and 70°C. The present study is an extended genome report of B. borstelensis AK1 along with the morphological characterization. The strain is isolated from a hot spring in Saudi Arabia (southeast of the city Gazan). It is observed that the strain AK1 is rod-shaped, motile, and strictly aerobic bacterium. The whole genome sequence resulted in 29 contigs with a total length of 5,155,092 bp. In total, 3,946 protein-coding genes and 139 RNA genes were identified. Comparison with the previously submitted strains of B. borstelensis strains illustrates that strain AK1 has a small genome size but high GC content. The strain possesses putative genes for degradation of a wide range of substrates including polyethylene (plastic) and long-chain hydrocarbons. These genomic features may be useful for future environmental/biotechnological applications.
Metabolic Profiles of Propofol and Fospropofol: Clinical and Forensic Interpretative Aspects
Authors: Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo Jorge
Published: May 2018

Propofol is an intravenous short-acting anesthetic widely used to induce and maintain general anesthesia and to provide procedural sedation. The potential for propofol dependency and abuse has been recognized, and several cases of accidental overdose and suicide have emerged, mostly among the health professionals. Different studies have demonstrated an unpredictable interindividual variability of propofol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with forensic and clinical adverse relevant outcomes (e.g., pronounced respiratory and cardiac depression), namely, due to polymorphisms in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and cytochrome P450 isoforms and drugs administered concurrently. In this work the pharmacokinetics of propofol and fospropofol with particular focus on metabolic pathways is fully reviewed. It is concluded that knowing the metabolism of propofol may lead to the development of new clues to help further toxicological and clinical interpretations and to reduce serious adverse reactions such as respiratory failure, metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac bradyarrhythmias, hypotension and myocardial failure, anaphylaxis, hypertriglyceridemia, renal failure, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, acute pancreatitis, abuse, and death. Particularly, further studies aiming to characterize polymorphic enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway, the development of additional routine forensic toxicological analysis, and the relatively new field of ‘‘omics’’ technology, namely, metabolomics, can offer more in explaining the unpredictable interindividual variability.
Dynamic Resource Sharing in 5G with LSA: Criteria‐Based Management Framework
Authors: Sadreddini Zhaleh , Masek Pavel , Cavdar Tugrul , Ometov Aleksandr , Hosek Jiri , Gudkova Irina , Andreev Sergey
Published: May 2018

Owing to a steadily increasing demand for efficient spectrum utilization as part of the fifth‐generation (5G) cellular concept, it becomes crucial to revise the existing radio spectrum management techniques and provide more flexible solutions for the corresponding challenges. A new wave of spectrum policy reforms can thus be envisaged by producing a paradigm shift from static to dynamic orchestration of shared resources. The emerging Licensed Shared Access (LSA) regulatory framework enables flexible spectrum sharing between a limited number of users that access the same frequency bands, while guaranteeing better interference mitigation. In this work, an advanced user satisfaction‐aware spectrum management strategy for dynamic LSA management in 5G networks is proposed to balance both the connected user satisfaction and the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) resource utilization. The approach is based on the MNO decision policy that combines both pricing and rejection rules in the implemented processes. Our study offers a classification built over several types of users, different corresponding attributes, and a number of MNO’s decision scenarios. Our investigations are built on Criteria‐Based Resource Management (CBRM) framework, which has been specifically designed to facilitate dynamic LSA management in 5G mobile networks. To verify the proposed model, the results (spectrum utilization, estimated Secondary User price for the future connection, and user selection methodology in case of user rejection process) are validated numerically as we yield important conclusions on the applicability of our approach, which may offer valuable guidelines for efficient radio spectrum management in highly dynamic and heterogeneous 5G environments.