bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical and Supramolecular Properties of Cyclometalated Palladium Nanostructures with Tumor Targeting Properties in Living Mice: A Quantum Mechanics Interpretation.
Authors: Zazza Costantino , Sanna Nico , Borocci Stefano , Grandinetti Felice
Published: July 2024

The recent discovery that metallophilic interactions between cyclometalated palladium supramolecular nanostructures – with efficient tumour accumulation rate in a skin melanoma model – maintain excellent photodynamic properties even in a hypoxic microenvironment has inspired the present study focused on the theoretical predictions of optical properties of the bis‐cyclometalated palladium compound in different contexts. More specifically, structural and UV/Vis absorption properties of both monomeric and dimeric forms of this anticancer drug are well reproduced with a Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theoretical (TD‐DFT) approach based on Exchange–Correlation (XC) hybrid functionals in conjunction with conductor‐like and polarization solvation effects. A further novelty is represented by a fine investigation of the supramolecular interactions between the different subunits of the drug via dispersion force correction and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM). This contribution while supporting the photoexcitation properties derived in laboratory following the self‐assembly of monomeric units when passing from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to a H2O/DMSO mixture at 298 K, shed some light on the nature of the chemical interactions modulating the formation of nano‐size aggregates.
Sulfur‐Doped Bi2O2CO3 Nanosheet for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO with Ultra‐High Selectivity
Authors: Zhu Chengxin , Liu Qiong , Yan Huan , Zhang Wei , Chen Rong
Published: July 2024

The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has emerged as a compelling strategy for the conversion of renewable energy. However, the expeditious recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and the inadequate light absorption capabilities are currently predominant challenges. Herein, we developed a facile hydrothermal approach to synthesize a sulfur doped Bi2O2CO3 nanosheet with a tunable energy band structure designed to enhance visible light absorption. Our findings indicate that the incorporation of sulfur into the catalytic sites induces an electron sink effect, significantly improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Consequently, this sulfur‐doped Bi2O2CO3 catalyst exhibits a remarkable carbon monoxide (CO) yield of 16.64 μmol gcat−1 h−1 with nearly 100 % selectivity under illumination ranging from 420 to 780 nm. Through in‐situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations, it was revealed that sulfur‐coordinated bismuth sites greatly enhance CO2 adsorption and decrease the energy barrier for critical intermediates formation (*COOH), thus selectively driving the reaction towards CO production. This work not only advances our understanding of mechanisms underlying photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on sulfur‐doped bismuth‐based catalysts but also sets a precedent for developing sophisticated photocatalytic systems for enhanced photoreduction reactions.
Baseline weight recovery and mortality risk in head and neck cancer
Authors: Bastien Amanda J. , Amin Luv , Vasquez Missael , Cong Iris , Luu Michael , Laszlo Meghan , Yen Saori , Thompson Heather , Teitelbaum Elana L. , Jang Julie K. , Mita Alain C. , Scher Kevin S. , Moyers Justin , Mallen‐St. Clair Jon , Walgama Evan S. , Zumsteg Zachary S. , Ho Allen S.
Published: July 2024

Background

As a surrogate of malnutrition, degree of weight loss and recovery from head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment is understudied. The influence of modifiable factors that affect weight, including speech/language pathology (SLP) and nutrition counseling, is also poorly defined. We characterize weight loss trends, baseline weight recovery (BWR), and the impact of interdisciplinary care on oncologic outcomes.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study assessing 266 newly diagnosed patients with HNC who completed curative‐intent radiation (definitive or adjuvant) between January 2016 to January 2022. Relevant treatment factors were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression models.

Results

Altogether, 266 patients completed full‐course radiation therapy (RT), encompassing definitive chemoRT (53.0%), surgery with chemoRT (18.4%), surgery with RT (17.7%), and RT alone (10.9%). Patient weight reached a nadir at median 3.0 months (IQR 3.0–11.3) after radiation, with a median weight loss of 12.6% (IQR 7.9–18.7). Notably, only 47.4% exhibited BWR. For those who recovered, median time to BWR was 10.5 months (IQR 3.0–24.0). On multivariable analysis, BWR by 6 months was significantly associated with overall survival (HR 0.28 [95% CI 0.10–0.76], p = 0.013), as was SLP consultation (HR 0.40 [95% CI 0.17–0.92], p = 0.031) and nutrition consultation (HR 0.34 [95% CI 0.13–0.89], p = 0.028).

Conclusion

A high proportion of patients with HNC fail to recover baseline weight after treatment; those that do can take longer than expected to return. Failure to recover baseline weight is associated with a notable decrease in survival. Similarly, SLP and nutrition consultation are independent, modifiable determinants correlated with outcomes, supporting the emphasis on multidisciplinary management. Measures to promote BWR may reduce mortality.
Topic modeling of financial accounting research over 70 years
Authors: Yang Mengxin
Published: July 2024

I utilize latent Dirichlet allocation and dynamic topic model that are machine learning algorithms across a data set encompassing 25,990 financial accounting articles issued from 1956 to 2023 in 16 accounting journals, and impartially ascertain 20 research topics. The topics of mergers and acquisitions, disclosure and internal control, and political connection exhibited the most rapid expansion, whereas management control systems, earnings management, and valuation experienced the greatest contraction from 2014 to 2023. I also catalog the most referenced papers for each topic and highlight the most swiftly expanding and contracting topics within the realm of 21,620 SSRN working papers. Additionally, my analysis reveals a declining trend in the concentration of research interests within published articles over the preceding seven decades. This research on topic classification itself will aid accounting investigators in bypassing superfluous efforts and fostering increased interdisciplinary research.
Combinatorial approach of cannabidiol and active‐targeted‐mediated photodynamic therapy in malignant melanoma treatment
Authors: Nkune Nkune Williams , Abrahamse Heidi
Published: July 2024

Malignant melanoma (MM) continues to claim millions of lives around the world due to its limited therapeutic alternatives. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained popularity in cancer treatment due it increased potency and low off‐target toxicity. Studies have pointed out that the heterogeneity of MM tumours reduces the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches, including PDT, leading to high chances of recurrences post‐treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD), a non‐psychoactive derivative of cannabis, can synergise with various anticancer agents to increase their efficacy. However, CBD demonstrates low bioavailability, which is attributed to factors relating to poor water compatibility, poor absorption and rapid metabolism. Nanotechnology offers tools that address these issues and enhance the biological efficiency and targeted specificity of anticancer agents. Herein, we highlighted the standard therapeutic modalities of MM and their pitfalls, as well as pointed out the need for further investigation into PDT combination therapy with CBD.
Potential of active learning in dentistry: A comparative study of Jigsaw versus inquired‐based learning
Authors: Bhandary Meghna , Thimmaiah Charisma , Shahid Mohammed , Shetty Yashaswini , Rao K Ananya
Published: July 2024

Objective

To compare the efficacy of Jigsaw and Inquiry‐Based Learning (IBL) methods in promoting effective learning outcomes within diverse dental educational settings.

Methods

A total of 188 dental undergraduate students were recruited for the study and divided into Batch A (n = 96) and Batch B (n = 92). Each batch underwent two teaching sessions, one using the Jigsaw method and the other using IBL. A structured questionnaire using five‐point Likert scales assessed students' preferences between the two methods. Pre‐ and post‐intervention tests were conducted to measure knowledge acquisition. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t‐test with STATA version 17, with a p‐value of < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

Both Jigsaw and IBL methods significantly improved students' knowledge, with mean scores showing a significant difference before and after interventions (p < 0.001). IBL was more effective in comprehensive topic coverage (99.46%) and enhancing subject understanding. Both methods yielded comparable outcomes in terms of improving communication skills. The Jigsaw method was simpler and more enjoyable, encouraging active participation and enhancing communication skills. IBL promoted critical thinking, research skills, and deeper comprehension of concepts.

Conclusion

Jigsaw and IBL methods are both effective in enhancing dental education. The choice between these methods depends on the specific learning objectives, the complexity of the topic, and the preferences of the dental educator and students.
Deep Learning‐Based Techniques in Glioma Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Multi‐Parametric MRI: A Review on Clinical Applications and Future Outlooks
Authors: Ghadimi Delaram J. , Vahdani Amir M. , Karimi Hanie , Ebrahimi Pouya , Fathi Mobina , Moodi Farzan , Habibzadeh Adrina , Khodadadi Shoushtari Fereshteh , Valizadeh Gelareh , Mobarak Salari Hanieh , Saligheh Rad Hamidreza
Published: July 2024

This comprehensive review explores the role of deep learning (DL) in glioma segmentation using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The study surveys advanced techniques such as multiparametric MRI for capturing the complex nature of gliomas. It delves into the integration of DL with MRI, focusing on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and their remarkable capabilities in tumor segmentation. Clinical applications of DL‐based segmentation are highlighted, including treatment planning, monitoring treatment response, and distinguishing between tumor progression and pseudo‐progression. Furthermore, the review examines the evolution of DL‐based segmentation studies, from early CNN models to recent advancements such as attention mechanisms and transformer models. Challenges in data quality, gradient vanishing, and model interpretability are discussed. The review concludes with insights into future research directions, emphasizing the importance of addressing tumor heterogeneity, integrating genomic data, and ensuring responsible deployment of DL‐driven healthcare technologies.

Evidence Level

N/A

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Analog and linearity performance analysis of ferroelectric vertical tunnel field effect transistor with and without source pocket
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Kumar Ramesh , Maity Heranmoy , Singh Prabhat , Singh Sarabdeep
Published: July 2024

This study examines the electrical performance characteristics of a ferroelectric vertical tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) with and without a source pocket (Si0.5Ge0.5). The incorporation of Germanium in the source of the TFET aims to enhance the on‐current. The Silvaco TCAD simulation tool is utilized to simulate the proposed structure. To improve device performance, a ferroelectric layer with a vertical length is employed in the gate of the TFET. When the ferroelectric layer partially controls the channel region, device characteristics, such as on‐current and subthreshold swing (SS) can be improved (i.e., ION = 15.21 × 10−5 A/μm, ION/IOFF = 5.03 × 109, and a minimum SS of 20.87 mV/decade at 300 K). This article studied a comparison between ferroelectric vertical TFETs and nonferroelectric vertical TFETs, as well as ferroelectric vertical TFETs with and without source pockets. The comparison is done on the basis of DC and RF parameters. Analysis of this comparison represents that ferroelectric vertical TFET with source pocket has improved characteristics.
Harmonic balance applied to a 2D nonlinear finite‐element magnetic model with motion and circuit coupling
Authors: Scolaro Elia , Alberti Luigi , Sabariego Ruth V. , Gyselinck Johan
Published: July 2024

In this work, the harmonic balance approach is applied to a 2D nonlinear finite‐element magnetic model with motion, coupled to a nonlinear circuit. The case study comprises a six‐pole three‐phase surface‐mounted permanent magnet generator connected to a six‐pulse full‐wave diode bridge rectifier. Simulations are performed at fixed generator speed in two operating cases: with an open‐circuit DC bus and supplying a load resistance. Both time stepping and harmonic balance approaches are deeply discussed focusing on the model under study, along with relevant implementation details. Harmonic balance results are compared with benchmark time stepping simulations in terms of voltage and current waveforms, progressively expanding the harmonic spectrum. The computational cost of the two approaches is reported as well. Simulation accuracy is satisfying with regard to time stepping benchmark results: relative errors on total harmonic distortion and global root‐mean‐square values are lower than 3% and 1%, respectively. However, the time stepping approach outperforms the harmonic balance one, due to the relatively short initial transient of the chosen case study. Further improvements on practical implementation are needed to exploit the potentialities of harmonic balance technique.
Microscopic study on characteristic decorative black and white porcelain produced in Shanxi province, Jin and Yuan dynasties (ad 1115–1368), China
Authors: Wang Minli , Faulmann Christophe , Wang Fen , Wang Tian , Sciau Philippe
Published: July 2024

Black and white porcelain plays a critical role in Chinese decorative porcelain history. It is famous for its decorative styles and techniques, which create a strong black and white color contrast in its appearance. In this study, representative black and white porcelains produced in Shanxi province were analyzed by X‐ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM‐EDS. The results show that both Ca‐rich (~5.33 wt%) and Ca‐poor (~1.99 wt%) glazes were used leading to quite different microstructures. The pigment particles of Ca‐rich glazes are characterized by small size (≤2 μm), wide distribution, and tightly wrapped by anorthite. In contrast, they are larger (≥2 μm) and tightly cumulated together in Ca‐poor glazes. Hematite is the major crystal in pigment, double‐substituted by Al and Ti. The Al/Fe ratios are similar, but Ti/Fe ratios are quite different: They do not exceed 0.03% in Ca‐poor glazes, whereas they reach 0.12% in Ca‐rich glazes, suggesting that the origin of the pigments must be different. Al‐rich mineral such as kaolin was added to the pigment preparation in Ca‐rich glazes. The color of the pattern is mainly influenced by the size, quantity, and concentration of brown Ti‐doping hematite, as well as the thickness of the glaze layer and other crystals and Fe ions. The fired atmosphere of Ca‐rich glaze type seems less oxidizing than for Ca‐poor glaze type. Overall, the results confirm that black and white porcelain has a variety of production techniques, which is attributed to the craftsman adjusting the techniques according to the composition of raw materials.
Impact of aggregate‐colonizing copepods on the biological carbon pump in a high‐latitude fjord
Authors: Svensen Camilla , Iversen Morten , Norrbin Fredrika , Möller Klas Ove , Wiedmann Ingrid , Skarðhamar Jofrid , Barth‐Jensen Coralie , Kwasniewski Slawomir , Ormanczyk Mateusz , Dąbrowska Anna Maria , Koski Marja
Published: July 2024

Zooplankton consumption of sinking aggregates affects the quality and quantity of organic carbon exported to the deep ocean. Increasing laboratory evidence shows that small particle‐associated copepods impact the flux attenuation by feeding on sinking particles, but this has not been quantified in situ. We investigated the impact of an abundant particle‐colonizing copepod, Microsetella norvegica, on the attenuation of the vertical carbon flux in a sub‐Arctic fjord. This study combines field measurements of vertical carbon flux, abundance, and size‐distribution of marine snow and degradation rates of fecal pellets and algal aggregates. Female M. norvegica altered their feeding behavior when exposed to aggregates, and ingestion rates were 0.20 μg C ind.−1 d−1 on marine snow and 0.11 μg C ind.−1 d−1 on intact krill fecal pellets, corresponding to 48% and 26% of the females' body carbon mass. Due to high sea surface abundance of up to ~ 50 ind. L−1, the population of M. norvegica had the potential to account for almost all the carbon removal in the upper 50 m of the water column, depending on the type of the aggregate. Our observations highlight the potential importance of abundant small‐sized copepods for biogeochemical cycles through their impact on export flux and its attenuation in the twilight zone.
Interfacial property enhancement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via constructing a gradual modulus interphase with a waterborne bio‐based spiro diacetal epoxy emulsion
Authors: Deng Zhen , Ma Long , Sun Yuhang , Li Gang , Yu Yunhua , Yang Xiaoping
Published: July 2024

In this article, to explore the utilization of bio‐based epoxy resin in the preparation of sizing agents for carbon fibers (CFs), a bio‐based epoxy emulsion (S‐P‐S) derived from spiro diacetal epoxy (SDE) resin was prepared and compared to the traditional diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) based emulsion (D‐P‐D) and a mixed emulsion of S‐P‐S and D‐P‐D (S‐P‐S&D‐P‐D). The CF sized with S‐P‐S (CF‐(S‐P‐S)) showed improved surface oxygen content (22.86%) and roughness (40.9 nm), enhancing wettability and interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix. Nanoindentation test and AFM results showed the enhanced interfacial stiffness and a gradual modulus interphase with a thickness of 381 nm in CF‐(S‐P‐S) reinforced epoxy resin composite (CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP). Therefore, the resulting CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP composite possesses the best mechanical properties, with the transverse fiber bundle tensile (TFBT) strength of 27.3 ± 1.45 MPa and the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of 85.6 ± 8.26 MPa. These results highlight the potential of the SDE‐based emulsion (S‐P‐S) to enhance the interfacial properties and mechanical performance of CF/EP composite, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum‐based epoxy resins.

Highlights

Emulsion (S‐P‐S) was prepared using spiro diacetal epoxy (SDE) for carbon fiber sizing.

Properties of S‐P‐S sized CF (CF‐(S‐P‐S)) and its composite were evaluated.

Spiro diacetal structure created a gradual modulus interphase in CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP.

The interfacial properties of the CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP composite were greatly improved.

Bio‐based SDE resin showed promise for optimizing carbon fiber composite interphase.
Computer simulation‐guided template selection for a molecularly imprinted polymer for selective trifluralin adsorption
Authors: Song Lianjun , Wang Jinkui , Fan Mengzhuo , Mao Yexuan , Zhang Xiya , Bu Tong , Huang Xianqing , Qiao Mingwu , Wang Zhihao , Shi Haipeng , Wang Youyi , Wang Changqing , Dang Meng
Published: July 2024

To meet selective adsorption toward trifluralin, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was fabricated by the dummy template molecular imprinting technology. First, computational simulation was performed to select a suitable dummy template, 3,5‐dinitro‐4‐methylbenzoic acid (T1), based on the maximum basis set superposition error (BSSE)‐corrected binding interaction energy (ΔE) of the monomer N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP)‐T1 complex and its structural overlap with trifluralin. Then, the MIP was prepared via the bulk polymerization. The adsorption experiments showed the MIP exhibited a trifluralin adsorption capacity of 5.1 mg g−1, an imprinting factor (IF) of 2.2, and short adsorption equilibrium time of 5 min. The adsorption of trifluralin conformed to the Freundlich adsorption (R2 = 0.985) and pseudo‐second‐order model (R2 = 0.999). In addition, the MIP exhibited selectivity to trifluralin over other adsorbents, including structural analogs (pendimethalin and oryzalin), pesticide (carbendazim), and nitrocompounds (nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, and furaltadone), with the selectivity factor (β) in the range of 1.2–3.0, respectively. In trifluralin/oryzalin mixture, the IF toward oryzalin was still as high as 1.9. The removal rate of the MIP to trifluralin in environmental water samples ranged from 90.08% to 99.04%. This study provides theoretical and experimental insights for the preparation of MIP using dummy templates.
5‐1: Incell Electromagnetic Resonance Touch LCD with Antenna Coil Integrated in Array Substrate
Authors: Shuai Chuan , Chen Xingru , Hu Zemin , He Rui , Zha Guowei , Ai Fei , Yuan Jianfeng , Xue Jingfeng
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present an incell integrated electromagnetic resonance(EMR) active pen solution that can form a closed magnetic induction coil without additional panel manufacturing process compared to a regular L CD panel. The Incell EMR touch solution exhibits extremely high accuracy and linearity, such as 0.16mm accuracy and 0.36mm linearity, respectively. Our solution shows significant advantages over capacitive active pen solution especially in slow scribing scenario without any sawtooth phenomenon, achieving a highly intergrated, lightweight, high‐performance, and low‐power consumption solution for handwriting active pen LCD.
5‐3: Pixel design of electromagnetic resonance touch sensor integrated LCD
Authors: Yu Zhiqiang , Wang Ning , Zhou Lin , Hou Danxing , Wang Jiaxing , Wu Xiaojuan , Che Chuncheng
Published: July 2024

We have developed an LCD that integrates electromagnetic resonance (EMR) touch sensor using existing in‐cell process. This development has been achieved by improving pixel design with low‐resistance material for the coil, which generates a magnetic field on the panel. Our EMR in‐cell touch panel achieved not only non‐interference between touch and display functions but also a thin and lightweight panel.
6‐3: Development of Internal Compensation Technology for Medium Size OLED Display based on Oxide TFTs
Authors: Xu Pan , Han Ying , Zhang Hao , Liu Fengjuan , Yan Guang , Zhu Mingyi , Wang Linlin , Zhao Donghui , Zhang Xing , Luo Chengyuang , Lv Guangshuang , Wang Haoran , Li Tianji , Li Yongqian , Yu Jianwei , Dong Xue
Published: July 2024

To develop the internal compensation for medium size OLED display with high resolution, heavy RC load, and high refresh rate based on oxide TFTs, we employed the pixel of separating compensation and refreshing data, a new PWM‐GOA circuit and a new scan‐GOA circuit. After compensation, the uniformity can be increased from less than 40% to over 80%. We successfully demonstrated 6 inch Panels, which have sufficient stability during operation at 60℃for over 500 hours and 60℃&90% humidity for over 240 hours.
6‐4: Invited Paper: Improvement of the Low Temperature Poly‐Silicon AMOLED Pixel Circuit with Independent Threshold Voltage Detection
Authors: Huangfu Lujiang , Zhu Jianchao , Zhao Xuliang , Lu Jiangnan , Liu Libin , Shi Shiming
Published: July 2024

There are a few inherent problems in the pixel circuits with independent Vth detection. A prominent issue currently is the interference of voltage fluctuation on the data bus on the Vth detection. Based on the analysis of the issue, a countermeasure scheme and the corresponding improved pixel circuit were proposed. The display demonstration and evaluation of the improved pixel circuit suggest that the proposed countermeasure for the issue is effective and the relevant artificial display of band crosstalk could be securely controlled under an acceptable level.
8‐2: Distinguished Paper: Adaptive Display White Point under Various Ambient Conditions
Authors: Guo Jiamin , Wei Minchen
Published: July 2024

Chromatic adaptation is an important mechanism in the human visual system, allowing a relative constant color appearance under different lighting conditions, in terms of light level and color. Technologies have been developed to adjust the display white point according to the ambient light color, but did not consider the ambient light level. This study was designed based on a recent study to reveal the necessity to consider ambient light level and display luminance together, which affects the viewing mode, when adjusting the adaptive display white point.
8‐4: A New SDR Twilight Visual Image Display System Employing Ultra‐High‐Dynamic‐Range Image Capturing Technology aligned with Human Circadian Behavior
Authors: Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Iwaida Saki , Hira Shoko , Kashima Masayuki
Published: July 2024

Perceptually natural SDR images should retain enough information for the human observer to estimate the time at which the actual HDR scene was captured. Previous experiments revealed new phenomena related to the variation in personal circadian features in daylight. In this study, we try to extend our hypothesis to twilight (mesoscopic) vision. The key idea of the confirmation process was to focus on the visual perception of full moon texture. The main result suggests that (1) Normalized Visual Percept (NVP) of twilight vision exists and is similar to that used in daylight, and furthermore (2) the former dynamic range is significantly wider than the latter, i.e., CR (contrast ratio) was more than 106:1 vs. 104:1.
13‐3: Full Screen Fingerprint Display with Embedded Organic Photo‐detectors
Authors: Bae Kwang Soo , Kim Gun Hee , Park Hyang A , Park Jungwoo , Ahn Taekyung , Lee Dae-Young , Moon Seunghyun , Kim Jae-Kyoung , Kim Chul , Kim Yongjo
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces the world's first fully integrated in‐cell fingerprint sensor display. Organic photodetector (OPD) is embedded into the state‐of‐the art flexible OLED display in the same horizental plane, thus identfis a fingerprint in the entire display active area and allows multple fingers sensing while maintaining high‐resolution display quality. Additionally, no increased thickness and process cost were expected due to the benefits from the integration. The manufactured fingerprint display obtained comparable results including a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of more than 8.5 and a False Rejection Rate (FRR) of less than 1 % in the entire display region when employing the proposed novel solutions to circumvent the integration issues. We belive the implementedfingerprint display could take a central role of display evolution in the security applications and documentation.
21‐4: The Understanding of Bottom Emission Blue OLED Efficiency, Lifetime Trends and Capacitance Curves with Different EILs
Authors: Jia Wenbin , Liu Xiaoning , Li Feng , Wan Xiang , Sun Li , Zheng Kening , Ma Kaihong , Xu Minghong , You Juanjuan , Shih Huai-Ting , Yu Jianwei
Published: July 2024

We discuss the effects of different electron injection layers (EILs) (NaF/LiF/Liq/ETL:Li) on the electrical properties, lifetime and capacitance systematically base on the bottom emission blue OLED device in the paper. We can determine the aging speed and initial decay of the OLED device from the characteristics of the capacitance. In the Addition, the mechanism of diverse inorganic electron injection layers resulting in the different characteristics of OLED devices is deeply analyzed. Finally, the cause of lifetime collapse with thicker inorganic EIL (70A) is speculatedfrom the two aspects of ion migration by TOF‐SIMS and electron injection capacity.
22‐1: Invited Paper: About a Trench Oxide TFT
Authors: Kim Do Hyung , Kim Junsung , Im Young Jun , Park Sang-Hee Ko
Published: July 2024

We introduce new structure of oxide TFT, providing high current in a small footprint and suitable Von. The trench TFT consisted of lateral region of high current path and thin two vertical channels. This can suppress not only channel shortening, also negative Von shift of high current driving oxide TFT.
23‐1: Invited Paper: Research on High Contrast Ratio for ADS Products
Authors: Fang Tao , Wang Zhangtao , Wang Baoqiang , Yao Liqing , Zeng Zecun , Li Haiguang , Zhang Heng , Wang Kai , Liu Jiaqing , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2024

We have achieved CR 3000:1 for 4K ADS products including MNT & TV, while balancing such specifications of GTG, transmittance, driving voltage, color gamut etc. In this article, systematic analysis have been conducted and conclusions on the influences between high CR and negative LC, RGB, PVX and high‐collimation BLU have been drawn.
26‐4: PbS Quantum Dot Photodetector for High Resolution and Low Light Night Vision of Phone Camera
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wu Jiufeng , Zhang Wenjie , Wang Weichao , Cao Tao , Fang Fan , Li Yiwen , Zhang Lei , Cao Leifeng , Chen Wei
Published: July 2024

Our recent advancement employs lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) in short‐wave infrared (SWIR) photodetector towards low light night vision (LLNV). The as prepared QD SWIR photodetector showcases low dark current density(< 200 nA/cm2) and high efficiency (EQE > 50%), demonstrating QDs’ potential for superior LLNV in mobile devices.
26‐5: Feasibility Analysis of Image Sensors Scanner on Glass
Authors: Guo Ruihua , Zhang Ruichen , Wang Wenhao , Wang Kaixuan , Chen Xi , Shao Xinbin , Xue Hailin
Published: July 2024

Image sensors on silicon have the problems of small size and high cost. Therefore, we propose a method for making image sensors on glass substrates and analyzes the feasibility of replacing Image Sensors on Silicon from the performance and cost. Through calculation and measurement, the scanning resolution, conversion gain, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and scanning time of image sensors on glass substrates can all meet the requirements of the document scanner and barcode scanner; In addition, the image sensors on glass can be formed in large size and does not require splicing, resulting in lower costs compared to image sensors on silicon of the document scanner. Therefore, image sensors on glass can replace image sensors on silicon of the document scanner. The cost and the module size of the barcode scanner is higher than the existing product, So image sensors on glass used for barcode scanners is lack of advantages in application.
27‐4: Design of a Statically Foveated Head‐Mounted Displays with a Novel Perceptual‐driven Approach
Authors: Lyu Pengyinjie , Hua Hong
Published: July 2024

We introduce the design of statically foveated head‐mounted displays based on a new perceptual‐driven approach, aiming to offer a large field of view and high resolution with imperceptible image quality degradation eliminating the need for eye‐tracking or scanning mechanisms. The system incorporates a uniform‐resolution display panel and a spatially varying optical power eyepiece.
30‐1: Development of High‐integration HOP Panel with High‐frequency & VRR Driving
Authors: Kim Hyeongseok , Park Jun-Hyun , Jeong Minjae , Kang Jangmi , Yoon Soil , Jeon Mukyung , Park Gyungsoon , Cho Sang Hwan
Published: July 2024

We proposed a new high‐resolution (~500ppi) pixel circuit capable of driving a variable frequency of 240Hz, which remains a vacant technology in the industry. In order to realize high‐speed operation and high‐resolution HOP panel, a panel was manufactured by combining new Stacked 2 Caps PA, LPR, and Indirect VRR technologies.
34‐1: Invited Paper: High Throughput TFT Technology for In‐situ DNA Synthesis and Signal Sensing
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Zhe , Xiao Ye , Huo Suman , Wu Fan , Feng Linrun , Guo Xiaojun , Yang Yixing
Published: July 2024

By using the thin‐film transistor (TFT) technology, the oligo nucleotides array has been proved to be achieved in‐situ on a throughput matrix backplane of 16*16, with oligonucleotide lengths reaching 150mers, and the yield of each oligo has surpassed tens of fmol per pixel. This TFT‐based methods effectively balance the synthesis throughput with the loading capacity and offer a significantly lower cost for higher quality DNA for various applications in molecular biology.
34‐3: Sensing and Biomimetic Stimulation of Cardiomyocyte Cell Culture with a Thin‐Film‐Transistor Active‐Matrix Platform
Authors: Tixier‐Mita Agnès , Ihida Satoshi , Hu Xingzhuo , Menier Thomas , Faure Pierre‐Marie , Lévi Timothée , Teranishi Tomoko , Toshiyoshi Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

This article presents results of both 2D impedance sensing and biomimetic stimulation of cardiomyocyte cells cultured on a Thin‐Film‐Transistor platform. These results complete sensing results of electrophysiology previously obtained with similar device.
35‐4: Invited Paper: Next Generation Eye‐tracking Technology for AR/VR Devices
Authors: Liu Kuan-Ling , Chiu Po-Jung , Tu Wei-Chih , Chen Yi-Hsiang , Tai Ming-Yi , Lin Yu-Hsing , Chien Shao-Yi
Published: July 2024

Wearable eye‐tracking technology is an essential component in AR/VR devices. Conventional Pupil‐Corneal Reflection (PCR) eye‐tracking technology often presents challenges due to high costs and bulky designs, particularly for compact AR and smart glasses. To overcome these limitations, our next‐generation eyetracking technology relies on AI image analysis, significantly reducing the number of required IR LEDs and image sensors. This simplification enhances flexibility and lowers production costs while maintaining accuracy. Our breakthrough solution makes eye tracking more accessible for the masses in AR/VR devices in the new era of spatial computing and the metaverse.
37‐3: Donor‐Acceptor Alignment and Charge Separation in Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Fediai Artem , Neumann Tobias , Symalla Franz , Strunk Timo
Published: July 2024

Understanding complex molecular interactions in OLED materials such as donor‐acceptor charge transfer are crucial for device efficiency. Utilizing simulation tools as a virtual microscope, we investigate how fundamental molecular properties, especially Coulomb interactions, impact charge transfer dynamics and overall device performance. Our findings reveal that molecular packing and microelectrostatic environments significantly influence charge transfer binding energy, underscoring the importance of molecular arrangement in material design. These insights, difficult to obtain experimentally, are pivotal in formulating design guidelines for high‐performance organic compounds, thereby advancing our understanding of OLED molecular interactions and aiding in the development of more efficient and durable devices.
39‐3: Invited Paper: Kirameki Display: Technical Approaches to Represent Real Texture with Light Fields
Authors: Sumi Naoki , Edo Keiko , Shibazaki Minoru , Hagino Shuji
Published: July 2024

We have developed a “Kirameki display” that can represent a real texture of materials. (“Kirameki” means a shining/glittering sense in Japanese.) In addition, we have investigated an improvement of “texture representation” by optimization of both an optical design and a software algorithm. Lastly, we discuss the future technical fields for texture representation on displays.
40‐4: Improving Visibility Coherence between Auto Macro Inspection and Auto Visual Inspection Using AI Image Translation
Authors: Woo Jewoon , Jeong Sugwoo , Yoon Seokhyun
Published: July 2024

In OLED production, the glass fabrication process is prone to frequent occurrences of persistent mura defects, leading to significant damage in the event of defects, as the subsequent final inspection, AVI (Auto Visual Inspection), is time‐consuming. Therefore, there is a need for a consistent inspection. Currently, manual inspection by operators introduces variations in inspection criteria among individuals, resulting in ongoing challenges related to false judgments and post‐process leakage issues The invested automated inspection system for quantitative determination is utilized as a reference only, as the distinction between pseudo‐defects deemed acceptable in AVI and true defects identified as faulty in AVI poses limitations with the traditional logic‐based inspection methods. We enhanced the mura visibility of automatic inspection system (Auto Macro) images through pre‐processing, followed by translation into an image environment similar to AVI images using Pix2pix GAN. Subsequently, we compared the mura index extracted from the processed images with the AVI mura index for evaluation. The Auto Macro images transformed by Pix2pix GAN exhibited similarities with AVI images in terms of overall luminance, gray distribution, and mura visibility intensity. Consequently, the R‐Squared correlation between the mura index of Auto Macro and AVI improved from 0.00 to 0.68. Additionally, defects unrecognized in AVI during Auto Macro inspection were automatically eliminated. False defects in the Auto Macro test that were not recognized in AVI were automatically removed. In this study, we applied the AI model to the Auto Macro inspection system to overcome the limitations of logic‐based inspections. We proposed a method to proactively detect defect‐induced muras before cell‐level processing, aiming to improve yield and reduce incidents of customer leakage accidents.
41‐3: Algorithm Compensation Solution for Tiled OLED Displays
Authors: Han Ting , Shiming Shi , Zhu Le , Zhu Yuanzhang , He Linchang , Li Yajun , Peng Bo , Huang Jianbang , Suk Jungyoup , Zhou Weifeng
Published: July 2024

BOE has succeeded in tiling an 8K Super‐size display by using small size AMOLED flexible screens with more delicate picture quality. Noticeably, the algorithm compensation solution was independently designed and verified by BOE, which was successfully applied to tiled screens to address the uneven tiled seam and brightness / chroma between different screens after tiling.
42‐4: Late‐News Paper: A Radiation‐Hardened Oxide TFT with a Multi‐Layered Gate Dielectric
Authors: Ishino Takayuki , Sekine Hiroyuki , Tanaka Jun , Takechi Kazushige , Iwasa Koichi , Kadotani Tsutomu
Published: July 2024

We propose an IGZO thin‐film transistor (TFT) with a multi‐layered gate dielectric for X‐ray flat‐panel detectors (FPDs). By minimizing X‐ray effects on the gate insulator and threshold‐voltage shift in the IGZO layer, we achieve high radiation hardness. These TFTs in FPD are ideal for medical imaging and nondestructive inspection.
44‐3: High Efficiency and Brightness Quantum Rods Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Liao Zebing , Prodanov Maksym F. , Mallem Kumar , Kang Chengbin , Song Jianxin , Bhadra Debjyoti , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: July 2024

Despite substantial efforts, the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of red, green, and blue quantum dots remains close to 25%, limited by the outcoupling efficiency of specific device optical structures. Further improvements have primarily focused on optimizing light management. In this study, we employed rod‐shaped nanocrystals instead of sphere‐like quantum dots as the light‐emitting layer. The theoretical device outcoupling efficiency significantly increased to nearly 41% due to the intrinsic horizontal dipole alignment within the quantum rod film, nearly doubling the efficiency compared to quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QDLEDs). As a result, we achieved record‐high EQEs of 14.1% for green quantum rod light‐emitting diodes, with maximum brightness exceeding 150,000 cd/m 2 , respectively. Our research demonstrates the immense potential of QRLEDs for display and lighting applications, paving a new way for the commercialization of nanocrystal particles.
45‐3: Molecular Design of Blue Phosphorescent Platinum Complexes for Highly Efficient, Long‐Lived Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoya , Kubota Tomohiro , Inoue Hideko , Kido Hiromitsu , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Seo Satoshi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: July 2024

Our novel blue phosphorescent platinum complexes (BD‐01 and BD‐02) achieve high quantum yield and orientation. A BD‐02 organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) achieves an external quantum efficiency of 28.6% due to its inhibited interaction with a host molecule. This improved efficiency reduces the driving current of OLEDs and increases their lifetime.
46‐1: 1218 ppi Quest 3 Display by Hybrid Backplane with Highly Reliable IGZO TFTs
Authors: Hachiya Atsushi , Aman Mehadi , Chiu Hsin-Ying , Shinohara Takushi , Lin Wan Yu , Nemati Hossein , Takeuchi Yohei , Ito Kazuatsu , Saitoh Yuich , Furukawa Hiroaki , Takeda Yujiro , Matsukizono Hiroshi , Rao Linghui , Choi Jacob , Itoh Yasuhisa , Zhuang Jim
Published: July 2024

A 2.48‐inch with 1218 ppi, LCD panel for Quest 3 using hybrid backplane technology with CMOS‐LTPS and IGZO TFTs were manufactured. The hybrid TFT structure achieves high resolution and high transmittance simultaneously, and also ensures high reliability. The fabricated LCD panel has proven to be highly reliable, enduring 1000 hours in aging tests, and has been successfully mass‐produced.
47‐1: Invited Paper: A 6Gbps Intra‐Panel Interface with Video Image Compression for Next Generation Displays
Authors: Jang Won-Ho , Ryu Kyungho , Lim Jung-Pil , Jung Jicheol , Han Junho , Han Mangi , Kwon Yongil , Lim Hyun-Wook , Lee Jae-Youl
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a 6Gbps receiver for 8K 240Hz OLED display. In the proposed receiver, video image compression is presented to double the effective data bandwidth. In addition, it proposes dual path CTLE offset voltage calibration and CTLE adaptation with eye margin tester to implement 6Gbps receiver. The prototype IC is implemented in a 0.18μm HVCMOS process and is evaluated as an 8K 65‐inch panel.
50‐2: Ultrathin Cantilever Type Flexible Device with Integrated micro‐OLEDs using Biomedical Implantable Applications
Authors: Sim Junhee , Lee Somin , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: July 2024

We deposited micro‐scale organic light‐emitting diodes(OLEDs) with a red‐emitting material on an ultrathin organic film and demonstrated a flexible device with a cantilever form factor. This platform satisfied the necessary light irradiation conditions applicable for phototherapeutic applications and also holds potential for biomedical implantable areas such as neurotherapy.
50‐4: Invited Paper: Low‐Temperature Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor Technology and the Realization of Electronic Systems on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Shi Runxiao , Hu Yushen , Xie Xinying , Wong Man
Published: July 2024

A low‐temperature technology for fabricating thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is essential for the realization of electronic systems on flexible substrates. Presently reviewed are improved techniques for forming the source/drain regions and reducing the population of channel defects in a metal‐oxide TFT. These have been applied to the construction of different TFT structures, including ones with bottom gate, top gate, and dual gates. The utility of the improved 300‐°C technology has been demonstrated by the realization of a variety of electronic systems, such as a gate‐driver on array for active‐matrix displays, an analog front‐end for acquiring biopotential signals, and an artificial neural network for neuromorphic computing.
51‐3: Invited Paper: Optimization of XR Foveation with Coding Unit Rearrangement
Authors: Yu Wenhui , Liang Jianhua , Tang Yingying , Jia Dongbo , Lu Yuhang , Gao Yufei , Liu Yaocheng
Published: July 2024

Foveation has two methods: single image mode and dual images mode. For the former, SOC transmits the compressed image consists of different low‐resolution blocks, some of which have very large differences after up‐scaling may cause flickering risks when displayed. For the latter, SOC processes the compressed periphery and foveated images sequentially, therefor DDIC uses large GRAM to cache these bitstreams, which will also introduce huge latency. In order to solve these problems existing in two modes, this paper presents a scheme to process the image or compressed bitstreams with coding unit rearrangement.
51‐4: Invited Paper: High Refresh Rate 8K+ Display System with 80% Bandwidth Savings
Authors: Zhang Hao , Chen Lili , Miao Jinghua , Fan Qingwen , Li Wenyu , Wang Xuefeng , Dong Xue
Published: July 2024

To achieve high refresh rate 8K+ resolution display for virtual reality, we developed the sub‐area control scanning technology with the human eye visual perception characteristic, which can reduce the bandwidth by 80% while ensuring the clarity of the viewing area.
52‐4: Micro LED Display Light Extraction Efficiency Improvement by Secondary Optics on Substrate
Authors: Wu Yang-En , Hsu Jia-Hao , Chen Kuan-Hsun , Tien Kun-Cheng , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: July 2024

Micro LED displays are widely acknowledged as forthcoming display innovations. However, due to the micro LED device size reductions, the light extraction efficiency of micro LED devices will be compromised. This paper extends the EQE equation and implement a LEE secondary optics (the secondary optics of light extraction efficiency) factor. The paper also presents few directions to enhance the normal angle light intensity for micro LED displays. Our sample preparations have confirmed that a white glue layer can bring about an improvement of over 100%, and a lens with a protection layer can also boost the normal angle light intensity by 45%. Considering the overall display performance including surface reflection, we simulated a condition that can improve the normal angle light intensity by over 70% in micro LED displays.
54‐1: Development of UDC Image Restoration Technology Using Space Variant CNN
Authors: Kim Daewook , Cho Jaebum , Yoo Jewon , Hwang Hyunjoo , Park Sungjae , Baek Seungin , Cho Sungchan
Published: July 2024

With the continuous evolution of mobile device technologies, the integration of under‐display cameras has emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the pursuit of bezel‐less and immersive visual experiences. As this technology becomes increasingly prevalent, it introduces a unique set of challenges, particularly in the realm of photography. In particular, the flare cannot be restored by conventional image processing due to saturated pixels. Therefore, a deep learning network capable of restoring such deterioration is proposed. The network is trained by a synthetic datasets generated by accurate optical simulation. However, the distortion of the camera lens distorts the shape of flare differently depending on its position in the photo, and it degrades restore quality. In this paper, we propose space‐variant CNN for solving distortion problem.
55‐3: Simultaneous Optimization of Luminance and Color: A Novel Dimming Algorithm Utilizing Power‐law Mapping
Authors: Kim Nu Ri , Kang Suk-Ju
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose a new dimming algorithm that scales luminance using power‐law mapping and directly minimizes the color difference equation. Existing algorithms only control high grayscale levels to reduce power consumption. Therefore, there are limitations in expressing details in high‐gradation areas. Additionally, since color difference is not directly considered, the image after dimming is not the result minimizing color difference. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm uses power‐law mapping to control the luminance of the entire grayscale region, and simultaneously improve contrast. Additionally, we set the color difference equation as the objective function and calculate the partial derivative directly to find the optimal R, G, and B values in the image after dimming. The experimental results show that the proposed method better represents high‐gradation details and further reduces color differences.
57‐4: Advanced Tone Mapping of Mini‐LED Backlit LCDs for Automotive Displays
Authors: Chen Sung-Chun , Qian Yizhou , Hsiang En-Lin , Lin Chih-Lung , Akimoto Hajime , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: July 2024

Tone mapping and mini‐LED backlight algorithms are applied to enhance the sunlight readability of LCDs by fitting the human eye's functionality and increasing image uniformity. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that high luminance displays with an optimized gamma value help to distinguish low grayscale contents under bright ambient conditions.