bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FPGA Memory Optimization in High-Level Synthesis
Authors: Lin Mingjie , Escobedo Juan
Published: June 2020

High-level synthesis (HLS) with FPGA can achieve significant performance improvements through effective memory partitioning and meticulous data reuse. In this chapter, the authors will first explore techniques that have been adopted directly from systems that possess a fixed memory subsystem such as CPUs and GPUs (Section 2). Section 3 will focus on techniques that have been developed specifically for reconfigurable architectures which generate custom memory subsystems to take advantage of the peculiarities of a family of affine code called stencil code. The authors will focus on techniques that exploit memory banking to allow for parallel, conflict-free memory accesses in Section 3.1 and techniques that generate an optimal memory micro-architecture for data reuse in Section 3.2. Finally, Section 4 will explore the technique handling code still belonging to the affine family but the relative distance between the addresses.
A Review of the Moodle Gamification Plugin “Level Up”
Authors: Sinnott Mark , Xia Ling Angela
Published: June 2020

This software review evaluates the Moodle plugin Level Up, which aims to add a gamification element to this commonly-used online education platform. The reviewers report their use of the plugin, describing its strengths, weakness and future potential. In doing so, they share their experiences of using it during a recent project that developed a Moodle-based activity for study of the Academic Word List (AWL) at a Sino-British university in China. This activity aimed to enhance student engagement and motivation to learn more academic vocabulary, and Level Up was selected for its claimed gamification potential. The activity's end product, and student responses to it are considered, and positive recommendations are given regarding Level Up's potential for enhancing Moodle.
Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand
Authors: Supriyatna Yayat Iman , Sumardi Slamet , Astuti Widi , Nainggolan Athessia N. , Ismail Ajeng W. , Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti , Prasetya Agus
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.
A Novel Immobilization Method of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Fermentation of Nipa Palm Sap for Fuel Grade Bioethanol Production
Authors: Chairul  , Evelyn  , Bahri Syaiful , Awaltanova Ella
Published: June 2020

Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) spreads abundantly in the mangrove forests of eastern coast of Sumatera Island, Indonesia. Nipa palm sap can be used as a very high-gravity (VHG) substrate for fermentation. In this research, batch fermentation of nipa sap with initial sugar content of 262.713 mg/ml using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells was studied. Immobilization of the yeasts in Na-alginate by droplet method and addition of 0.2% v/v Tween 80 and 0.5g/l ergosterol to the immobilized cells were first carried out. Then, the effect of cells weight percentage (5, 10, 15, and 20% w/v) and fermentation time (24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 hrs) on the bioethanol production were investigated. After, the analysis of bioethanol concentration was investigated using Gas Chromatography. The bioethanol production increased with the fermentation time until reaching a maximum value at all cell weights. Except with the 20% w/v, this peak was followed by a decrease in the bioethanol production at cell weights of 5, 10, and 15% w/v. This phenomenon may be explained by degradation of bioethanol into acetic acid resulting in the decreased concentration at the end of fermentation. The formation of acetic acid was characterized by decreases in the pH values of the fermentation medium. On the contrary, the bioethanol level tended to increase until the end of fermentation with the immobilized yeast cells of 20% w/v. High number of available immobilized yeast cells at the end of fermentation, accumulation of bioethanol produced at earlier times, and no further conversion of bioethanol to acetic acid could be the reasons for this increase. The optimum conditions for bioethanol production were 20% w/v cell weight and 96 hr fermentation time, at bioethanol concentration of 17.57% v/v.
Protective effect of chlorogenic acid on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Toprak Tuncay , Sekerci Cagri Akin , Aydın Hasan Riza , Ramazanoglu Mehmet Akif , Arslan Fatma Demet , Basok Banu Isbilen , Kucuk Hatice , Kocakgol Huseyin , Aksoy Hamit Zafer , Asci Seyhan Sumeyra , Tanıdır Yılören
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of renal injury and to date, many pharmacological agents have been identified to decrease I/R injury. One of the potential compound that can target I/R injury is chlorogenic acid (CGA). It has potent antiinflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, analgesic and antipyretic activities in in vitro experiments and in vivo animal models. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective characteristic of CGA on renal I/R injury. Material and Methods: 24 rats were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 8): Sham, I/R+CGA and I/R groups. CGA was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg, 10 min before reperfusion. I/R injury was achieved by clamping the left renal artery for 45 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 4 hours. The left kidneys of the rats were examined for tissue damage by histopathological and biochemical examination. For histological evaluation, EGTI scoring system was used. For biochemical examination total oxidant status, total antioxidant status and oxidative stress index were used. The power analysis indicated that 8 subjects per group would be required to produce 80% chance of achieving statistical significance at p < 0.05 level. The results are expressed as mean ± SD. Mann- Whitney U was performed for statistical analysis. Results: Histopathological examination of the tissue damage revealed that all kidneys in the sham group were normal. I-R group had significantly higher histopathological scores than other groups. Histopathological improvement was seen after CGA treatment. TAS, TOS and OSI values of I-R group were significantly higher than sham group (0.88 vs 0.76 (p: 0.004), 13.8 vs 7.04 (p: 0.021) and 0.15 vs 0.09 (p: 0.034), respectively). In CGA treated group TAS, TOS and OSI levels were 0.84, 6.47 and 0.07, respectively. CGA treatment resulted in significant improvement in TOS and OSI parameters. Conclusions: CGA treatment provided marked improvement in renal histology and suppressed oxidative stress. Thus, CGA may have a protective effect in renal tissue against I/R injury.
Measuring the effectiveness of work–life balance strategies in the manufacturing sector
Authors: Ganiyu Idris O. , Derera Evelyn , Atiku Sulaiman O. , Fields Ziska
Published: June 2020

Orientation: The development of an appropriate framework to measure the effectiveness of work–life balance strategies (WLBS) among manufacturing firms in Nigeria is still a major challenge.Research purpose: The main purpose of this article is to measure the effectiveness of WLBS in the manufacturing sector, drawing insights gathered from two selected manufacturing firms in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria.Motivation for the study: Despite the global explosion of research on work–life balance, there is a dearth of studies measuring the effectiveness of WLBS adopted by manufacturing firms in Nigeria.Research approach/design and method: A structured questionnaire was adopted to gather data among 312 employees of the two selected manufacturing firms in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Structural Equation Modelling was valuable in establishing the mediating influences of WLBS and work-family satisfaction on the interplay between work-family stressors and the selected manufacturing firms’ performance.Main findings: The study findings revealed that WLBS and work–family satisfaction mediate the interplay between work–family stressors and the selected manufacturing firms’ performance.Practical/managerial implications: To enhance continuous performance, human resource managers of the manufacturing firms should ensure the improved implementation and adoption of relevant WLBS that could help the employees cushion the effect of work and family stressors thereby achieving satisfaction with work and family life.Contribution/value-add: This study develops and validates a framework to measure the effectiveness of WLBS in selected manufacturing firms, Lagos Metropolis. The developed framework could serve as a template which could be replicated in other sectors of the Nigeria’s economy.
Ethical dilemmas in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Chamsi-Pasha Hassan , Chamsi-Pasha Majed , Albar Mohammed A
Published: June 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed an extraordinary demand on health systems and healthcare providers all over the world. The pandemic presented a number of unprecedented challenging ethical issues. Across the globe, hospitals are being challenged by a large number of patients presenting to the emergency room for treatment, creating scarcities of critical care resources, and uncovering the need for formal crisis standards of care. Difficult life and death decisions, which may create severe moral distress to the physicians, have to be made in emergency rooms and intensive care units. Other ethical issues, such as that related to conducting clinical trials during the pandemic, and the increase in domestic violence during the quarantine period, will be also discussed.
Contact (+1)-surgeries along Legendrian two-component links
Authors: Ding Fan , Li Youlin , Wu Zhongtao
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we study contact surgeries along Legendrian links in the standard contact 3-sphere. On one hand, we use algebraic methods to prove the vanishing of the contact Ozsváth–Szabó invariant for contact (+1)-surgery along certain Legendrian two-component links. The main tool is a link surgery formula for Heegaard Floer homology developed by Manolescu and Ozsváth. On the other hand, we use contact-geometric argument to show the overtwistedness of the contact 3-manifolds obtained by contact (+1)-surgeries along Legendrian two-component links whose two components are linked in some special configurations.
Surgery on links of linking number zero and the Heegaard Floer $d$-invariant
Authors: Gorsky Eugene , Liu Beibei , Moore Allison H.
Published: June 2020

We study Heegaard Floer homology and various related invariants (such as the

h

-function) for two-component L-space links with linking number zero. For such links, we explicitly describe the relationship between the

h

-function, the Sato–Levine invariant and the Casson invariant. We give a formula for the Heegaard Floer

d

-invariants of integral surgeries on two-component L-space links of linking number zero in terms of the

h

-function, generalizing a formula of Ni and Wu. As a consequence, for such links with unknotted components, we characterize L-space surgery slopes in terms of the

\nu^{+}

-invariants of the knots obtained from blowing down the components.

We give a proof of a skein inequality for the

d

-invariants of +1 surgeries along linking number zero links that differ by a crossing change. We also describe bounds on the smooth four-genus of links in terms of the

h

-function, expanding on previous work of the second author, and use these bounds to calculate the four-genus in several examples of links.
Prepričevalna moč sodobnega političnega in medijskega diskurza
Authors: Plemenitaš Katja , Marvin Tatjana
Published: June 2020

Današnji čas je prinesel pomembne spremembe v načinu, kako komuniciramo drug z drugim. Tehnološki napredek in razmah družbenih medijev sta vplivala tako na informativne medije kot na sodobni politični prostor, kar ima pomembne posledice za politični govor. Vloga družbenih medijev v politični komunikaciji se je povečala, saj politiki čedalje bolj neposredno komunicirajo z javnostjo brez posredništva tradicionalnih medijev. Poleg tega je čedalje bolj pod vprašajem nevtralnost osrednjih medijev pri poročanju, saj so vedno bolj odvisni od oglaševanja in tako pod posrednim ali neposrednim vplivom različnih korporativnih ali državnih sponzorjev. Tako smo se znašli v času, ko vse več ljudi informacije pridobi v družbenih medijih, medtem ko so izrazi dezinformacija, lažne novice, postresničnost, sovražni govor in teorije zarote postali vsakdanji del govora. V novem javnem prostoru komunikacije se pogosto zgodi, da je to, kar kdo dojema kot teorijo zarote, za koga drugega resničnost, da so to, kar kdo dojema kot dejstva, za koga drugega lažne novice, in da je to, kar kdo dojema kot sovražni govor, za koga drugega svoboda govora.
Mining-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: An analytical Review
Authors: Mandishekwa Robson , Mutenheri Enard
Published: June 2020

Generally, mining-induced displacement has been less considered in research on development-induced displacement. Specifically, economists have relegated displacement studies to other disciplines despite displacement’s economic relevance. This paper seeks to outline development-induced displacements and their linkages with economic activities and life satisfaction among the displaced in post-displacement location. To attain this, an integrated literature review was done. Findings indicate scarcity of literature on economic consequences of mining-induced displacement and its linkage with economic activities and life satisfaction. A theoretical proposition for these linkages is made. The study also reveals that mining-induced displacement is equally important in displacement studies. The study recommends that economists must put more effort in mining-induced resettlement studies given that it has the potential to resettle more people.

Keywords: Mining, Economic Consequences, Development, Life Satisfaction, Economic ActivitiesJEL codes: Q34, R23, Z13
Hydroxychloroquine enhances anticancer effect of DOX/folate-phytosterol-carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles in A549 lung cancer cells
Authors: Elshazly Ezzat H. , Zhang Song , Yu Lizhen , Zhang Yue , Ke Lixia , Gong Renmin
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To study the in vitro anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded folate-phytosterol-carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles (DOX/FPCMC NPs), alone and in combination with the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on human lung cancer cells (A549 cells).

Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line was treated with blank FPCMC NPs, HCQ, free DOX, DOX/FPCMC NPs, free DOX + HCQ or DOX/FPCMC NPs + HCQ. The concentrations of HCQ, DOX and FPCMC NPs varied within the ranges of 20-120 μmol/L, 2-12 mg/L and 50-500 mg/L, respectively. Cell viability and free folate competitive inhibition were determined using MTT assay. Cell proliferation and migration were investigated with wound healing assay, while confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to determine cellular uptake of drugs.

Results: In all formulations, the DOX/FPCMC NPs + HCQ produced the highest cytotoxicity in A549 cells due to high cytotoxicity arising from folate-receptor-mediated endocytosis and HCQ-induced inhibition of autophagy. Free folate competitively inhibited the cytotoxicity of DOX/FPCMC NPs on A549 cells. Wound healing assay showed that A549 cells treated with DOX/FPCMC NPs + HCQ had the lowest cell levels of proliferation and migration capacity. The cellular uptake of DOX/FPCMC NPs by A549 cells was higher than that of free DOX.

Conclusion: The combination of DOX/FPCMC NPs and HCQ produced the best antitumor effect and had a promising potential for reversal of MDR

Keywords: Folate-phytosterol-carboxymethyl cellulose, Doxorubicin, Hydroxychloroquine, Anticancer, Lung cancer
Propofol affects the biological behavior of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells via ERK1/2-MMP-2/9 signaling pathway
Authors: Yin Ruchang , Zhang Chunyan , Gen Aizhi , Li Yanxiao , Yang Hailei , Tian Xin , Chi Yasong
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effect of propofol on the biological behavior of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells, and the mechanism of action involved.

Methods: SKOV3 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into control group, fat emulsion group, low-dose propofol group (LDPG, 25 μmol/L), medium-dose propofol group (MDPG) (50 μmol/L) and high-dose propofol group (HDPG) (100 μmol/L). Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, while Transwell assay was used to measure the migration and invasion abilities of the cells. The protein levels of ERK1/2, MMP-2, MMP-9 were assayed with Western blotting. Moreover, the cells were transfected with siERK, and the regulatory effect of propofol on ERK1/2-MMP-2/9 signaling pathway was determined.

Results: Apoptosis in HDPG was significantly reduced, relative to MDPG, while migration and invasion were enhanced, relative to MDPG (p < 0.05). Moreover, MMP-2, ERK1/2, and MMP-9 proteins were significantly higher in MDPG and HDPG than in control, fat emulsion and LDPGs (p < 0.05), and were upregulated in HDPGs, relative to MDPG (p < 0.05). In contrast, propofol did not up-regulate these proteins in siRNA-treated cells.

Conclusion: Propofol enhances the migration, proliferation, and invasive ability SKOV3 cells, and upregulates the expressions of MMP-2, ERK1/2, and MMP-9 in these cells, via a mechanism related to the activation of ERK1/2-MMP-2/9 signaling route. These properties provide novel leads for the development of new drugs for ovarian cancer

Keywords: Propofol, ERK1/2-MMP-2/9 signal route, Ovarian cancer, Biological behavior
Punicalagin alleviates brain injury and inflammatory responses, and regulates HO-1/Nrf-2/ARE signaling in rats after experimental intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Fuchi , Wu Kang , Wu Xiaolin , Xin Can , Zhou Minghui , Lei Jin , Chen Jincao
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effect of punicalagin, an ellagitannin present in pomegranates, on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH)-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and also unravel the underlying mechanism(s) of action.

Methods: Collagenase type IV (0.2 U) was used to induce ICH in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Punicalagin was given to the rats at doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight via oral gavage for 15 days before ICH induction. The animals were sacrificed 24h following induction of ICH, and their brains were excised immediately and used for analysis. Histological changes were determined with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Permeability to blood-brain barrier (BBB) was determined by quantifying the extent of extravasation of Evan Blue (EB). Protein expressions of HO-1/Nrf-2/ARE and NF-κB signaling were assayed using immunoblotting and RT-PCR. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and serum levels of cytokines were also determined.

Results: Punicalagin treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and cell damage, improved brain tissue architecture and BBB integrity. The punicalagin treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and enhanced antioxidant status via activation of Nrf-2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway (p < 0.05). The treatment upregulated the expressions of HO-1 to 174 %, relative to 127 % in ICH control rats. Furthermore, it enhanced NF-κB levels and reversed the ICH injury-induced upregulations of IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that punicalagin exerts neuroprotective effect in rats after experimental ICH through regulation of theHO-1/Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway. Thus, punicalagin has therapeutic potential for ICH.

Keywords: Brain injury, Haemoxygenase-1, Intracerebral haemorrhage, Inflammatory responses, Nrf2/ARE signalling, Punicalagin
Insulin under the influence of light
Authors: Ursino Gloria , Coppari Roberto
Published: June 2020

The discovery and administration of exogenous insulin has revolutionised diabetes treatment and continues, almost 100 years on, to be the basis for the management of insulin deficiency. However, insulin therapy still has potentially life-threatening side effects such as hypoglycaemia and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. So far, improvements in insulin therapy have focused mainly on modulating its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and improving delivery methods, while variations in the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues has received relatively little attention. Notably, tissue insulin sensitivity has been shown to vary considerably around the clock, which could contribute greatly to the effect (and risk of side effects) of a given dose of insulin. Recent evidence suggests that photic inputs regulate diurnal variations in the insulin sensitivity of metabolically relevant tissues via a previously unrecognised mechanism involving the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying photic control of insulin action is of paramount medical importance. In addition, considering “when” (i.e., the time of day) could assist in deciding “how much” insulin should be administered and hence could aid the fine-tuning of insulin dosage, lowering the risk of side effects, and improving the quality of life of patients with insulin deficiencs.
Impact of Foreign Exchange Reserve, Exchange Rate and Crude Oil Price on Dhaka Stock Exchange Index: An Empirical Evidence from Vector Error Correction Model
Authors: Golder Uttam , Islam Md. Nazrul , Kayser Md. Shahidullah
Published: June 2020

The supreme thrust of the present analysis is to explore the influences of foreign exchange reserve, exchange rate, and crude oil price on the stock index of the Dhaka stock exchange (DSE) of Bangladesh. Moreover, this study evaluates the identity of any unpremeditated relationship among the variables from the viewpoint of an emerging country like Bangladesh. Through using monthly time-series data, this study tries to discover the evidence of a long-run affiliation among the variables by using Johansen’s Cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Besides, the Granger Causality technique is introduced to examine the casualty among variables where the empirical results show a causal linkage between the Dhaka stock exchange index, foreign exchange reserve, and exchange rate, moving only in one way from Dhaka stock exchange index to foreign exchange reserve and exchange rate. In contrast, no causal link was identified between Dhaka stock exchange indexes and crude oil prices. Lastly, Impulse Response Function suggests a permanent effect of all selected macroeconomic factors on the Dhaka stock exchange index in the long run and Variance Decomposition Analysis settles that, the reform in Dhaka stock exchange index can be caused by the innovation in foreign exchange reserve, exchange rate, and crude oil price.
A Tarım 4.0 İle Sürdürülebilir Bir Gelecek
Authors: ERTAŞ Berfu
Published: June 2020

Son yıllarda dünya nüfusunda hızlı artış gözlemlenmiştir. Bu artış, insan hayatının idamesi için en önemli yapı taşı olan beslenme sorununu beraberinde getirmekte ve soruna sürdürülebilir bir çözüm arayışı bulma zorunlu hale gelmektedir.

7.7 milyar olan dünya nüfusu 2050 yılında 9.7 milyar kişiye kadar ulaşacağı tahmin edilmekte ve bununla beraber beslenme gereksiniminin giderilmesi için tarımsal üretimin %70 oranda arttırılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Günümüzde değişim gösteren iklim koşullarında bu tarımsal üretim artışının nasıl elde edileceği ve nasıl daimi olacağına bulunacak çözüm aynı zamanda beslenme sorununu azaltacaktır. Geleneksel tarım yöntemleri artık tam olarak yeterli değildir. Bazı ülkelerde Tarım 4.0 sistemleri ile randıman arttırıcı ve maliyetleri düşürücü uygulamalara yoğunluk verilmektedir. Bu uygulama, tarım sektörünün dijital hale geçmesini ifade eder. Bu nedenle üretimde yararlanılan su, gübre, yakıt gibi unsurların daha az olması ve aynı zamanda üretim sonucu ortaya çıkan ürününün daha fazla elde edilmesi bu süreç ile birlikte mümkün olacaktır.

Bu araştırmada, tarım sektöründe daha verimli, daha çevreci, sürdürülebilir büyüme, bilgi, yenilik ve teknolojiye dayalı akıllı büyüme sağlamak amacıyla ülkemizin Tarım 4.0 uygulamalarına geçmesinin gerekliliğinden bahsedilmiştir. Aynı zamanda tarım sektörü ve tarımsal ürün ihracatı bakımından önemli pozisyonda olan Hollanda, Tayvan, İsrail, Japonya, ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin akıllı tarım uygulama deneyimleri incelenmiş ve Türkiye’nin genel durum çözümlemesi yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Akıllı Tarım, Tarım 4.0, Tarımda Makinalaşma, Sürdürülebilir Tarım
3D PRINTER DESIGN, MANUFACTURING AND EFFECT OF INFILL PATTERNS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTlES
Authors: Özgül Hande Güler , Tatlı Onur
Published: June 2020

Along with the technological developments, it is an expected situation to discover new developed production methods. Additive manufacturing technologies, such as three-dimensional (3D) printers are one of these methods, allowing direct production of parts with complex geometries that cannot be produced by conventional methods. The most popular and inexpensive method among additive manufacturing technologies is FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) method. This method is particularly interesting for the manufacture of parts with low production volumes.

In this study, a 3D-FDM printer with a print volume of 200x200x210 mm has been designed and manufactured.PLA (polylactic acid) test samples having 2 different infill geometries were produced with the 3D printer. Tensile, three-point bending and charpyimpact tests were applied to these samples to investigate the effect of inner filling geometry on mechanical properties. The inner filling geometries are in the form of grid and gyroid. According to the results, while the geometry with the tensile force is "grid", while the geometry with the maximum bending force is "gyroid".It was concluded that different inner filling geometries do not have a significant impact on Charpy impact strength.
SAC ŞEKİLLENDİRME İŞLETMESİNDE FİRE YÖNETİMİ ÇALIŞMASINA BİR ÖRNEK
Authors: Edis Rabia , Yalçın Caner , Sınmazçelik Tamer , Özzaim Pelin , Yurdakul Yiğit , Yılmaz Yasin
Published: June 2020

Sac metal şekillendirme günümüzde özellikle otomotiv sektöründe önemli bir yere sahiptir. Sac metalin en verimli şekilde kullanılarak mümkün olduğunca az fire miktarı ile üretim yapmak için şekillendirmede kullanılacak olan kalıpların tasarımı ve ürün dizaynı önemli bir parametredir. Üretilecek ürüne yönelik fire miktarı öngörülmeden yapılan kalıp ve ürün tasarımının yüksek fire oranına sebep olacağı kaçınılmazdır. Gerek ürünün gerekse kalıbın tasarımında ürünün fonksiyonelliği yanında, yarı mamulün efektif kullanım miktarı, fire ve hurda miktarının da dikkate alınıp hesaplanması ve maliyetlendirilmesi gereklidir.

Bu çalışmada, 3,5 aylık süreçte işletmede üretilen yüksek kapasiteye sahip parçaların mevcut imalat durumundaki konumları ile hatve miktarları incelenmiştir. Bu incelemeler sonucu mevcut durumda sac metal kullanım verimlilikleri düşük olan parçalar ayırt edilmiştir. Ayırt edilen bu parçalar için, literatürde önerilen konum ve hatve önerileri ile ilgili araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Parça konum ve hatveleri bilgisayar ortamında fire miktarı azaltılarak verimlilik artacak şekilde yeniden modellenmiştir. Böylece yarı mamul sacın daha verimli kullanılmasına ilişkin örnekler oluşturulmuş ve elde edilen kazanç hesaplanmıştır.
THE AVIFAUNA OF MARSH BIRDS IN THE RESERVOIRS OF THE KARATAU MOUNTAIN SYSTEM
Authors: N.Tolbayev A.Umerbekova,
Published: June 2020

The Karatau mountain range is a low-mountain system, does not have natural water sources in the form of lakes. Artificial water objects – water reservoirs – are the only large water bodies where most species of water birds are often found or locating during migration. One of the strategic important water bodies  for agriculture of the Karatau mountain range is the Koskorgan reservoir. In addition, the Syrdarya River, one of the largest rivers in Kazakhstan, is the most important waterway in the researched region. During the spring flood of the river, temporary water bodies form on a vast territory, which also contributes to an increase in the species diversity of the avifauna of the region. These two water objects served to research the fauna of water birds. We have researched the main species of avifauna, both nesting and found during migrations.
GÜNEYDOĞU ANADOLU BÖLGE MİMARİSİ VE YAPILARA YANSIMASI
Authors: BENGİSU Elif
Published: June 2020

İnsanoğlu ilk yaradılışından günümüze kadar ihtiyaç duyduğu ve kendi istekleri doğrultusunda mekânlar geliştirmiştir. Mekân, sadece bireylerin ya da toplumların içinde çeşitli eylemler gerçekleştirdiği fiziksel bir olgu değil aynı zamanda toplumların kültürlerine, yaşam şekillerine, sosyal yapıları doğrultusunda geçirdikleri değişimlere bağlı olarak çeşitli anlamlar, bilgiler içeren bir oluşumdur. Her toplum kendine özgü bir kültürden kültüre farklılığı yaratan prensibe sahip olup mekânsal alan biçimlendirmektedir. Oluşturulan mekânlar şekillenmesinde coğrafik, topografı ve iklimsel özelliklerin yanı sıra şehrin tarihsel gelişimi ve kültürü de etken olmuştur. İslamiyet’in doğduğu bölgelerde gelişen İslam Sanatçı’nda görülen mimari süsleme, bu bölgelerde İslam öncesi var olan medeniyetlerin İslam hendese biliminin gelişmesinde etki sağlamıştır. Tarihteki ilk yerleşim yerlerinin bulunduğu geçmişten günümüze taşınan Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde geleneksel evler avlulu yapısının gelişiminde zengin kültür mirasına sahiptir. Geleneksel evler özgün niteliğini bulunduğu yörenin koşullarına göre oluşturulmuştur ve temel prensibin, mekân kurgusunu değiştirmemek olduğu görülmektedir. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde konut mimarisini en iyi yansıtan yerlerin başında Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa, Mardin ve Gaziantep gelmektedir. Eski Türk evinin genel karakteri, birimleri birbirine bağlayan bir ortak birimin bulunmasıdır. Bu ortak birim, bölgelere göre sofa, eyvan ya da avlu şeklinde değişiklik göstermektedir. Özel karakteri ise odaların ortak birim çevresindeki farklı dizilişleri ile belirginleşir.
High Vs Low: Turkish Parser’s Attachment Preferences to Relative Clauses
Authors: TURAN Cengiz
Published: June 2020

The present study investigates parsing preferences to Turkish relative clauses (RC) using eye-tracker method and comprehension questions presented to the participants following each experimental sentences. In this framework, the possible effects of the RC on attachment types (low – high) were analyzed. The data gathered from a total of sixty participants were considered. Twenty-eight experimental sentences were developed based on RC and two attachment types thus, testing four conditions along with twenty-eight filler sentences. General direction of processing is that the high attachment (HA) configuration caused slightly less cognitive load than the low attachment (LA). Nevertheless, reading times belonging to HA sentences statistically longer on NP2 (the second noun phrase following the RC area). Longer fixation durations on main verbs were observed with significant differences in LA sentences. Regarding the answers to the comprehension questions, the data complement the findings from online processing. It  can be stated that Turkish parser prioritizes syntactic operations during the early processing. However, lexical-semantic information of the main verb  overrides these operations in the event of a structural ambiguity. Processing of HA sentences is more rapid than the LA sentences. Overall, Turkish is suggested to be a HA language.
Myopia and CoVID-19 Confinement in Morocco: An Issue to be Considered?
Authors: Belkhadir Kawtar , Cherkaoui Ouafae
Published: June 2020

...In Morocco, during the confinement period, the ophthalmic consultation activity was limited in large parts to emergencies. So, at the end of these three months of confinement, an increase in ophthalmic consultations for refractive disorders in children, adolescents and young adults should be expected...

Keywords: CoVID-19, Confinement, e-learing, Morocco, Myopia
Developing Co-Curricular Activities And Extra-Curricular Activities For All-Round Development Of The Undergraduate Students: A Study Of A Selected Public University In Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiky Muhammad Roknuzzaman
Published: June 2020

The paper mainly attempts to examine whether co-curricular activities and extra-curricular activities could contribute to the all-round development of the undergraduate students and how these activities may be developed to ensure quality education in a public university in Bangladesh. The study was a qualitative study in which multiple case study and document analysis methods were employed. The study found that the undergraduate students have developed a wide range of personal and social skills including communication skill, organizing skill, presentation skill, public speaking skill and analytical skill by taking part in such activities. The CCAs and ECAs have also facilitated brain development, knowledge acquisition, personality development, and civic development of the students. Hence, the study argued that the CCAs and ECAs have diverse effects to promote allround development of the students. In order to explain how these activities could be developed in a public university, the paper identified several clubs and associations and their key functions. Finally, the paper suggested that the Government and the authority concerned should undertake proper measures for organizing diverse CCAs and ECAs properly and thereby ensure quality education and attain SDGs.
Principles of Care for Patients with Liver Disease During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Position Statement of the Saudi Association for the Study of Liver Disease and Transplantation
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh A. , Aljumah Abdulrahman A. , Hashim Almoutaz , Alenazi Thamer H. , AlJawad Mohammed , Al Hamoudi Waleed K. , Alghamdi Mohammed Y.
Published: June 2020

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in patients in Wuhan, China. The virus, subsequently named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, spread worldwide and the disease (coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Older adults and individuals with comorbidities have been reported as being more vulnerable to COVID-19. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have compromised immune function due to cirrhosis and are more susceptible to infection. However, it is unclear if patients with CLD are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and its complications than other populations. The high number of severe cases of COVID-19 has placed an unusual burden on health systems, compromising their capacity to provide the regular care that patients with CLD require. Hence, it is incredibly crucial at this juncture to provide a set of interim recommendations on the management of patients with CLD during the current COVID-19 outbreak.
Relation between the asymmetric ring current effect and the anti-sunward auroral currents, as deduced from CHAMP observations
Authors: Lühr Hermann , Zhou Yun-Liang
Published: June 2020

Abstract. During magnetically active periods the storm-time disturbance
signal on the ground commonly develops an azimuthal asymmetry. Negative deflections of the magnetic horizontal (H) component are enhanced in the
18:00 local time sector and smallest in the morning sector. This is commonly
attributed to the asymmetric ring current effect. In this study we investigate the average characteristics of anti-sunward net currents that
are not closing in the ionosphere. Their intensity is growing proportionally
with the amount of solar wind input to the magnetosphere. There is almost
twice as much current flowing across the polar region in the winter
hemisphere as on the summer side. This seasonal dependence is more
pronounced in the dusk sector than in the dawn sector. Event studies reveal that anti-sunward currents are closely related to the main phase of a magnetic
storm. Since the asymmetry of storm-time disturbances also builds up during the main phase, we suggest a relation between these two phenomena. From a
statistical study of ground-based disturbance levels during magnetically
active periods, we obtain support for our suggestion. We propose a new 3D current system responsible for the zonally asymmetric storm-time disturbance
signal that does not involve the ring current. The high-latitude
anti-sunward currents are connected at their noon and midnight ends to
field-aligned currents that lead the currents to the outer magnetosphere.
The auroral net current branch on the morning side is closed along the dawn
flank near the magnetopause, and the evening side currents flow along the
dusk flank magnetosphere. Regardless through which loop the current is
flowing, near-Earth storm-time disturbance levels will in both cases be
reduced in the morning sector and enhanced in the evening.
Seasonal deposition processes and chronology of a varved Holocene lake sediment record from Chatyr Kol lake (Kyrgyz Republic)
Authors: Kalanke Julia , Mingram Jens , Lauterbach Stefan , Usubaliev Ryskul , Tjallingii Rik , Brauer Achim
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Microfacies analysis of a sediment record from Chatyr Kol lake (Kyrgyz
Republic) reveals the presence of seasonal laminae (varves) from the
sediment base dated at 11 619±603 BP (years Before Present) up to
∼360±40 BP. The Chatvd19 floating varve
chronology relies on replicate varve counts on overlapping petrographic thin
sections with an uncertainty of ±5 %. The uppermost non-varved
interval was chronologically constrained by 210Pb and 137Cs
gamma spectrometry and interpolation based on varve thickness
measurements of adjacent varved intervals with an assumed maximum
uncertainty of 10 %. Six varve types were distinguished, are described in
detail, and show a changing predominance of clastic-organic, clastic-calcitic
or clastic-aragonitic, calcitic-clastic, organic-clastic, and clastic-diatom varves
throughout the Holocene. Variations in varve thickness and the number and
composition of seasonal sublayers are attributed to (1) changes in the amount
of summer or winter/spring precipitation affecting local runoff and erosion
and/or to (2) evaporative conditions during summer. Radiocarbon dating of
bulk organic matter, daphnia remains, aquatic plant remains, and Ruppia maritima seeds
reveals reservoir ages with a clear decreasing trend up core from
∼6150 years in the early Holocene, to ∼3000 years in the mid-Holocene, to ∼1000 years and less in the
late Holocene and modern times. In contrast, two radiocarbon dates from
terrestrial plant remains are in good agreement with the varve-based
chronology.
Institutions, Macroeconomic Policies and Economic Growth in Africa: Evidence from Panel Data
Authors: Aliero Haruna M. , Olarinde Muftau Olaiya
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the effects of institution and macroeconomic policy on economic growth in Africa, using panel Cointegration technique to analysed data obtained from a panel  of 50 African Countries covering a period of 25years (1990-2014). The results confirm that declining growth rate in Africa is due to poor management of macroeconomic policies. A weak turning point is also confirmed to exist for government size in the short run; in the long run it becomes more pronounce. The Wald restrictions tests of causality ascertain that institutions lead economic growth performance in the short run, while poor economic growth performance impaired the capacity required in building strong institutions which in turn stunts growth in the long run. Therefore, African leaders should tilt their expenditure in favour of human capital development and strong institution, ensure intra-regional trade and adopt private sector led – economic growth strategy.
Hybrid Nature of the Platinum Group Element Chromite-Rich Rocks of the Norilsk 1 Intrusion: Genetic Constraints from Cr Spinel and Spinel-Hosted Multiphase Inclusions
Authors: Chayka Ivan F. , Kamenetsky Vadim S. , Zhitova Liudmila M. , Izokh Andrey E. , Tolstykh Nadezhda D. , Abersteiner Adam , Lobastov Boris M. , Yakich Tamara Yu.
Published: June 2020

The Norilsk 1 intrusion (Russia), renowned for its abundance of sulfide ores, contains an upper contact zone, which hosts sulfide-poor and Cr spinel and platinum group element (PGE)-rich discontinuous reefs with significant economic potential. Located within strongly inhomogeneous contact rocks of various compositions, the origin of these reefs is complex and debated. Enrichment in PGEs in these rocks is distributed heterogeneously, occasionally occurring in extremely dense disseminations of Cr spinel, which are unusual for other rocks of the Norilsk 1 intrusion. The compositions of Cr spinel vary significantly between individual samples, even within the same samples across clusters of several Cr spinel grains and single grains. Chromium spinel grains are broadly characterized by low Mg# (3–50 mol %), moderate to extremely high TiO2 content (1–18 wt %), diverse Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios, and elevated V and Zn. Multiphase silicate inclusions hosted by Cr spinel are dominated by orthopyroxene, alkali-feldspar, clinopyroxene, Na phlogopite, high-Al amphibole, chlorite, and albite, along with minor felsic glass, sulfide, apatite, baddeleyite, titanite, calcite, halite, and cordierite. Heating experiments (1,250°C) on the silicate inclusions failed to produce homogeneous glasses but showed evidence of partial melting and reactions with precursor minerals that crystallized new phases. The experimentally obtained glasses are characterized by compositions that strongly differ from any known igneous rock in the Norilsk region, and the assemblage of phases in these inclusions is not supportive of the entrapment of a homogeneous silicate melt. Trace element patterns of the glasses of the experimentally heated inclusions are compositionally distinct from the Norilsk trap basalts, and instead are closer to the sedimentary rocks of the Norilsk region. We suggest that an in situ interaction between the mafic melt and the sedimentary rocks was responsible for Cr spinel mineralization and the formation of the host rocks. The subsequent subsolidus modification of the initial rocks expanded the Cr spinel compositional range and formed muscovite-albite-chlorite assemblages, which replaced the original silicate minerals.
An Examination of Self-Regulation and Higher-Order Cognitive Skills as Predictors of Preschool Children’s Early Academic Skills
Authors: Sezgin Elif , Ulus Leyla
Published: June 2020

In this study, the direct and indirect relationships of children’s self-regulation skills and their higher-order cognitive skills of cognitive flexibility and abstraction skills with their early academic competencies are examined. Within the scope of the study, the mediating role of self-regulation skills with early academic competencies is investigated. In the study, inhibitory control, behaviour regulation, effortful control and cognitive flexibility are focused on as the main components of executive functions which develop in the early childhood period. The research data were obtained from 185 children aged 60-72 months attending preschool education institutions in the central province of Bursa, and from 16 of these children’s teachers. For determining the children’s self-regulation skills, effortful control and behaviour regulation were evaluated. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to test whether or not the children’s self-regulation and higher-order cognitive skills predicted their early academic competencies. As a result of the research, it was determined that the self-regulation skills of effortful control and behaviour regulation predicted early academic skills and attitudes. A statistically significant relationship of cognitive flexibility and abstraction skills with early academic success scale scores was not found. The findings are discussed in terms of the relationship of behaviour regulation and effortful control with early academic success and competencies.
Relationship Between Learned Resourcefulness and Academic Procrastination in Students Studying in Sports Departments
Authors: Karaoğlu Barış , Yalçın İlimdar
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the learned resourcefulness levels and academic procrastination of students studying in sports departments. A total of 372 students who studied in Bingöl University at School of Physical Education and Sports participated in the study as volunteers. In the study, the personal information form, learned resourcefulness scale, and academic procrastination scale were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the obtained data, Pearson Correlation and Linear Regression analysis were applied by using the SPSS package program. According to the research findings, it was determined that there was a positive relationship between the learned resourcefulness level and the level of academic procrastination, and the learned resourcefulness predicted the academic procrastination level by 8%. As a result; it was concluded that there was a low level and a positive correlation between learned resourcefulness level and academic procrastination, and learned resourcefulness power affects academic procrastination. In this context, it was thought that coping with the difficulties faced by students was important in both achieving their academic goals in school life and maintaining their psychological health.