bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Marketing Interno para la Experiencia Turística
Authors: Ramírez-Alcaraz Jorge , Palafox-Muñoz Alejandro , Macías-Ramírez Alma
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del presente documento es indicar la importancia que el Marketing Interno representa para las empresas turísticas y asimismo mostrar la envergadura del fortalecimiento del papel del Capital humano, para mejorar la experiencia de los usuarios, la calidad del servicio y la ventaja competitiva de las organizaciones a través de la Calidad del Servicio Interno. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación teórica basada en una metodología cualitativa-descriptiva de análisis de contenido de textos, a modo de denotar la significación y alcance del recurso humano en las distintas organizaciones, lo que las conduce a enfrentar con mayor eficacia los retos globales y la competencia constante en el sector, marcando un factor determinante en la diferenciación productiva y en su competitividad organizativa. Como resultado se encontró que una mayor atención a la experiencia del cliente en relación con la calidad en el servicio interno contribuye a que las organizaciones logren desarrollarse de manera oportuna en el mercado turístico, generen ventajas competitivas frente a otras organizaciones y mejoren su comunicación interna. A través del análisis investigativo que confiere al artículo, se concluye que las empresas que han cumplido la visión de capacitar, valorar y motivar la calidad de vida laboral del empleado, tienen un impacto positivo más eficaz en su rendimiento y rentabilidad, de modo que su recurso humano se vuelve más capaz de ejercer sus funciones exitosamente y se encuentra motivado para brindar una experiencia superior y un servicio de calidad a los clientes.

Palabras clave: Marketing Interno, Capital humano, experiencias turísticas, Calidad de Servicio Interno.
Da “Unidade de Ideias” na Sociologia do Lazer
Authors: Zuzanek Jiri
Published: September 2021

Já foi dito que os conceitos de lazer e trabalho têm significado sociológico apenas vis-à-vis uns aos outros. A noção de “unidade de idéias” (ou “ideias elementares”), de Robert Nisbet, referindo-se a preocupações históricas comuns, é usada neste artigo para examinar as mudanças nas avaliações do papel atribuído ao lazer e ao trabalho ao longo da história. Que papel foi atribuído ao lazer e ao trabalho no passado e é atribuído a eles hoje na formação da identidade humana, estimulando a mudança social, reforçando a integração social, elevando a igualdade social e contribuindo para o bem-estar? Duas outras questões controversas examinadas no artigo estão associadas aos efeitos alienantes da divisão do trabalho sobre o lazer e as visões conflitantes em relação à chegada da “sociedade do lazer”. O artigo tenta demonstrar que as relações entre trabalho e lazer não são “uni-lineares” e o limite de bem-estar não é entre trabalho e lazer, mas dentro deles.

Palavras-chave: Lazer; Trabalho; Integração Social; Bem-estar; Sociedade do Lazer.
A Matriz Científica no Turismo Revisada: Extensões Teóricas e Aplicações Empíricas
Authors: Campodónico Rossana , Chalar Luis
Published: September 2021

Este artigo aprofunda o desenvolvimento teórico-prático da Matriz Científica em Turismo (MCT) (Campodónico e Chalar, 2014), na tentativa de explicar a flexibilidade metodológica que apresenta em resposta a várias reivindicações da epistemologia do turismo. Dados os diferentes níveis de segmentação que a MCT agrupa, ele pode se tornar um guia que contribui para diferentes tipos e estágios de pesquisa. A partir de definições epistemológicas apropriadas ao considerar um problema, selecionar o tipo de etapas capazes de resolvê-lo e interpretar o valor e o significado dos dados obtidos, contribuindo para uma abordagem epistemo-metodológica, que permite uma interpretação adaptável a diferentes correntes / escolas de pensamento, tais como: a sistêmica, a hermenêutica ou construtivismo em si, dependendo da posição do pesquisador. Exemplos dessas questões serão apresentados na seção de resultados obtidos.

Palabras-chave: Turismo; Matriz; Metodologia.
Teoria Ator-Rede: uma chave para analisar o turismo e os fenômenos complexos em um presente distópico
Authors: Bedrich Morales Gaitán Samuel
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste paper é analisar como a Teoria do Ator-Rede (ANT) tem sido adotada na América Latina para investigar (embora não necessariamente circunscrita) a Sociologia do Turismo. A prática relacionada com o estudo de fenômenos complexos com esta teoria também é partilhada. Para tal, o texto começa a olhar para a gênese da ANT no século XX na Europa, depois discute a sua incorporação nos Estudos do Turismo e posterior adoção na América Latina. Posteriormente, no artigo, são introduzidos alguns casos de estudo concretos, bem como a experiência pessoal do autor com a ANT. Finalmente, o texto delibera sobre as aprendizagens e perspectiva de aplicabilidade futura, num mundo em que a noção de "Turismo" enfrentará um questionamento devastador. Concluímos que, como o chamado "setor do turismo" terá de se regenerar, o mesmo acontecerá com a investigação nessa matéria, tanto compreendendo a necessidade de romper com as barreiras disciplinares, como integrando novos atores e paradigmas.

Palabras chave: Teoria do Ator-Rede; Sociologia do Turismo; Globalização; Regeneração Turística.
Turismo Social na Argentina: Políticas Públicas, Práticas Privadas
Authors: Schenkel Erica
Published: September 2021

O primeiro peronismo (1943-1955) cristalizou o turismo social na agenda pública argentina como uma medida distributiva, tendendo a reduzir a desigualdade no acesso ao lazer. Como um caso sem precedentes na América, o Estado tornou-se o principal promotor e articulador do turismo social. O golpe de estado de 1955 interrompeu todas essas iniciativas, dando origem a uma reconversão da questão como política pública. Além das sucessivas alternâncias de governo que circunscrevem isso há mais de meio século, o período apresenta uma linha de continuidade centrada no declínio da política de turismo social, para nunca mais repetir o desenvolvimento alcançado nos anos cinquenta. Do ponto de vista da análise de políticas, a pesquisa analisa este último período que estabelece as bases do atual sistema de turismo social argentino, abordando-o como parte de um processo histórico.

Palabras-chave: Política turística. Turismo social. Argentina.
ruínas de um tempo
Authors: Barbosa Ramsés Albertoni
Published: September 2021

O artigo analisa o romance Forte como a morte, de Guy de Maupassant, em que o escritor francês narra a vida do célebre artista Olivier Bertin, pintor dos retratos das mais belas mulheres de Paris, que vive um romance com Anne de Guilleroy, casada com o deputado M. de Guilleroy. A partir do regresso da jovem Anette, o retrato vivo da mãe durante a juventude, o autor reflete sobre a passagem do tempo e a sua influência sobre as paixões, o amor e a arte. Quando a realidade contradiz os desejos das personagens principais do romance, que envelheceram ao longo dos anos, elas se tornam nostálgicas e começam a se evadir no tempo, povoando suas próprias fantasias com imagens de uma antiga beleza e felicidade que foram vivenciadas no passado. Dessa forma, analisa-se a “perda de si” das personagens do romance que reconhecem a perda de uma parte de suas existências da qual não podem desligar sua libido, ou seja, uma representação de si no passado que é mantida idealizada, cuja relação amorosa se perdeu como objeto de amor.
Outro chão para se pousar o pé
Authors: Ferreira Alves Lindomberto , Amaral Amanda
Published: September 2021

O presente ensaio levanta algumas reflexões pontuais sobre o tempo corrente. Para tanto, toma-se, aqui, como mola propulsora os registros imagéticos e discursivos que compõem a série “Bucólico Marginal” (2020), dos artistas Esther Almeida e Luis Maria – que vieram à público recentemente através da exposição virtual “Do escuro do nosso tempo”.
Reflexões sobre os conceitos de tempo e de crise em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Santos Miriam
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir sobre os conceitos de tempo e de crise, relacionando-os com as medidas de distanciamento social implantadas para conter a pandemia de COVID-19.
Quando falam as esculturas
Authors: Freitas Maíra , Lima Geovanni
Published: September 2021

Ensaio visual e fortuna crítica a partir da performance "O que te diz meu corpo?" (2017-18), do artista e pesquisador Geovanni Lima.
Dimensões do design de móveis de Clara Porset na Cuba pós-revolucionária
Authors: Quintão Fernanda
Published: September 2021

Clara Porset (1895-1981) foi uma designer de móveis cubana cuja formação acadêmica em design, artes e arquitetura se deu na Europa e nos Estados Unidos. Sua prática, no entanto, ocorreu predominantemente no México, onde passou a maior parte de sua vida, e em Cuba, incluindo projetos de móveis para escolas e instituições na Cuba pós-revolucionária, sob encomenda de Che Guevara, então Ministro de Indústria. A fim de se investigar sua produção de móveis nesse período, são dimensões importantes a serem consideradas: a parceria profissional com seu marido, o pintor muralista de origem indígena Xavier Guerrero; a mobilização de uma narrativa sobre o design industrial latino-americano constituído a partir das experiências do casal em viagens pelo interior do México, além de suas relações com intelectuais, designers e artistas de vanguarda nas décadas de 1930 e 1940; a reinterpretação de memórias sobre esse período a partir das questões políticas e do contexto dos anos 1960; e questões relacionadas ao modernismo no design no contexto cubano. Trata-se de um artigo que integra uma investigação em curso acerca do design de móveis de Clara Porset para o governo revolucionário em Cuba. Nesse cenário, considerando-se a produção em design industrial em território latino-americano, mais especificamente na Cuba socialista, percebe-se a necessidade de se recorrer a parâmetros outros que não exclusivamente os definidos pela historiografia ou pela sociologia da arte europeia, a serem definidos em estudos subsequentes.
Continuarei em busca do meu lugar. Mulheres, migrações e música
Authors: Guerra Paula
Published: September 2021

Este artigo trata da história de vida de uma música – a brasileira Flávia Couri – e, em particular, a sua experiência de emigração e como relaciona música, a globalização do punk e as cenas musicais locais e translocais. Reconhecemos a importância destas dinâmicas analisando uma entrevista com esta mulher música, concentrando-nos no seu discurso acerca do seu próprio trajeto e as circunstâncias da sua emigração. A discussão acerca da emigração desta mulher contempla os seguintes pontos-chave: as causas e razões da emigração; a vida num novo local; desafios, sucessos e reconstrução identitária do emigrante; e um possível retorno à ‘tribo’ do país de origem. A análise do discurso usada atenta ao contexto desse mesmo discurso, ou seja, as suas condições de produção e receção. Através desta análise fomos capazes de seguir, explicar e compreender a trajetória de emigração desta mulher e como esse trajeto foi sempre acompanhado por uma banda sonora da qual ela foi compositora e ouvinte, tentando mostrar as possibilidades que a música oferece na construção e reconstrução identitária, bem como a sua capacidade de providenciar razões e contextos para uma migração.
Cassi Namoda: Versões da Moçambique pós-colonial
Authors: Pereira da Silva Souza Rachel
Published: September 2021

Pintando as histórias da Moçambique pós-colonial, Cassi Namoda, uma jovem artista de Moçambique, que mora entre Los Angeles e Nova York, faz uma reflexão sobre as relações estabelecidas em seu país de origem. Em suas obras vemos retratadas principalmente mulheres em suas complexidades. Assim, este ensaio pretende uma breve exposição e leitura sociológica acerca de seus trabalhos enquanto artista imigrante em ascensão.
Expressões Imagéticas e Migração
Authors: Peixoto Medeiros Juliane
Published: September 2021

As produções imagéticas presentes no Projeto Vidas paralelas Migrantes representam experiências poéticas vivenciadas suas potências de partilha, possíveis trilhas a uma emancipação estética, política e de resistência da memória e do pensamento. Este breve artigo propõe um diálogo entre as composições, as junções de pistas, as interrupções de fluxos que constituem as imagens produzidas no projeto, na busca por um pensamento transmetodológico de experiências partilhadas.
Redução de danos na política nacional sobre drogas: avanços e desafios
Authors:   , Assis Giselle de Paula
Published: September 2021

Introdução: Redução de Danos (RD) se refere a políticas, programas e práticas que visam reduzir as consequências adversas para a saúde, sociais e econômicas do uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, sem necessariamente reduzir o seu consumo. Objetivo: Analisar a realidade das práticas assistenciais baseadas na Política de RD realizadas pelos profissionais que atuam com usuários de álcool e outras drogas em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad) de um município da Zona da Mata Mineira. Método: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 11 profissionais de nível superior; para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, cujos resultados foram analisados pelo software Iramuteq e pela Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: O corpus teve um aproveitamento de 78,72%, na análise de conteúdo emergiram seis classes para análise. Conclusão: Apesar da Política de RD ser reconhecida pelos profissionais como uma proposta promissora, dificuldades para incorporá-la no planejamento das atividades cotidianas se dão, principalmente, pela falta de investimento do Poder Público, o que ocasiona em uma assistência fragmentada, trazendo como consequência falta de credibilidade da população quanto a sua eficácia, abrindo margens para a ascensão de discursos que caminham em direção a retrocessos nesse campo.
Расчётная модель оптических характеристик соединения AlGaAs для контроля
параметров QWIP-структур
Authors: Кораблин М.С. , Гончаров В.Е. , Никонов А.В.
Published: September 2021

В технологии изготовления гетероэпитаксиальных структур с множественными квантовыми ямами
(QWIP-структур), применяемых для создания матричных фотоприемных устройств среднего и
дальнего ИК-диапазона, существенную роль играет прецизионный контроль свойств
фоточувствительных материалов [1]. Критически важными контролируемыми характеристиками
являются распределение коэффициентов пропускания и отражения структуры по длинам волн
излучения. В связи с топологической сложностью QWIP-структур на основе гетеропары AlGaAs/GaAs
(количество и наноразмерная толщина эпитаксиальных слоев в активной области) актуальной задачей,
стоящей перед разработчиками, является реализация расчётных методов, позволяющих как
прогнозировать параметры структур с высокой точностью, так и предоставлять необходимые данные
для обеспечения технологического процесса эпитаксиального роста.
Замена туннельных переходов в структурах на основе InP на каналы проводимости.
Authors: Маричев А.Е. , Эполетов В.С. , Власов А.С.
Published: September 2021

В настоящее время, наиболее эффективные фотоэлементы изготавливаются на основе каскадных
гетероструктур. В таких приборах фотоактивные p−n-переходы, работающие в разных спектральных
диапазонах, соединяются последовательно туннельными переходами с предельно высокими уровнями
легирования [1,2]. При достаточно высокой плотности излучения, генерируемый фототок может
превысить пиковый ток туннельных переходов, что ведет к увеличению сопротивления всей структуры
и падению эффективности работы прибора [3].
Пассивация собственным окислом поверхности CdHgTe, подвергнутой жидкостному
травлению
Authors: Краснова И.А. , Горшков Д.В. , Сидоров Г.Ю.
Published: September 2021

При изготовлении фотоприемных матриц для улучшения их частотно-контрастной характеристики
(ЧКХ) необходимо уменьшить фотоэлектрическую связь между фотоприемными элементами.
Поскольку влияние диффузии носителей заряда в CdHgTe (КРТ) увеличивается с уменьшением
расстояния между фотодиодами, улучшение ЧКХ достигается за счет физического разделения при
помощи травления меза-структуры. В настоящее время меза-структуры создаются с помощью
жидкостного травления водным раствором Br+HBr. При таком травлении на поверхности КРТ
образуется избыточный теллур, а также появляются другие дефекты, которые влияют на
электрофизические свойства фотодетекторов. Для уменьшения влияния этих дефектов перспективным
направлением является проведение дополнительных обработок КРТ после травления перед
нанесением диэлектрика. Таким образом, целью данной работы является изучение влияния
собственного окисла КРТ после жидкостного травления Br+HBr на электрофизические свойства
границы раздела КРТ – Al2O3.
Анализ полупроводниковых слоев AlN на подложке сапфира (0001) методом
спектроскопии поверхностных поляритонов
Authors: Милахин Д.С. , Малин Т.В. , Мансуров В.Г.
Published: September 2021

После успеха Исаму Акасаки, Хироси Амано и Сюдзи Накамура в получении первого синего
светодиода высокой яркости на основе полупроводниковых соединений А3-нитридов на подложке
сапфира, данные полупроводники рассматриваются как очень
перспективная группа материалов для оптоэлектронных
применений, таких как светоизлучающие диоды, лазерные
диоды и УФ фотодетекторы. В связи с малой
распространённостью и доступностью собственных подложек
для эпитаксиального роста AlN, используются инородные
подложки сапфира (Al2O3), Si и SiC. Сапфир является наиболее
распространенной подложкой ввиду высокого
кристаллического совершенства и низкой стоимости.
Фотопроводимость в магнитном поле в гетеростурктурах кадмий-ртуть-теллур n-типа
Authors: Протасов Д.Ю. , Кузнецов В.А. , Костюченко В.Я.
Published: September 2021

Кадмий-ртуть-теллур (КРТ) является основным материалом для создания матричных
фотоприёмных устройств (МФПУ) ИК диапазона [1,2]. Теоретические расчеты показывают, что
МФПУ в виде диодов с базой n-типа имеют лучше параметры, чем с базой p-типа. Параметры таких
МФПУ во многом определяются рекомбинационно-диффузионными процессами, а именно
значениями равновесной концентрации и подвижности основных (электронов) и неосновных (дырок)
носителей, их временем жизни в объёме материала, скоростями поверхностной рекомбинации на двух
поверхностях плёнки [3].
Механизм протекания тока в ВЧ-магнетронно напыленных пленках
In2O3:Er на кремнии
Authors: Феклистов К.В. , Лемзяков А.Г. , Шкляев А.А.
Published: September 2021

Работа в перспективе направлена на получение электролюминесцентного материала в прозрачном
для оптоволоконных линий спектральном диапазоне 1.5 мкм по технологии, совместимой с
кремниевой. Это откроет возможность гибридизации оптических систем передачи данных с
электронными системами обработки информации на уровне процессоров и позволит развить
элементную базу оптических коммуникационных систем. Здесь предлагается рассмотреть
альтернативный общепринятому A3B5 класс материалов: легированные редкоземельными элементами
оксиды. Эта работа посвящена исследованию механизма протекания тока в пленках n- и pSi\In2O3:Er\In-контакт.
Применение современной ИК термографии для изучения скорости пульсовой волны
Authors: Вайнер Б. Г.
Published: September 2021

Скорость распространения пульсовой волны (pulse wave velocity – PWV) в артериях является
общепризнанным показателем жесткости сосудов, которая, в свою очередь, характеризует состояние
кардиоваскулярной системы и служит предвестником развития грозных заболеваний (гипертония и
пр.). Обычно, определяя PWV, усредняют порядка 10-20 измеренных значений ввиду разброса
показаний, обусловленного, в частности, влиянием легочного дыхания. Однако, вплоть до
настоящего времени не было проведено исследований, позволяющих сопоставить фазу амплитудной
модуляции PWV с фазой циркуляции воздуха в дыхательных отверстиях. С учетом того, что
возможный фазовый сдвиг здесь способен количественно характеризовать функциональную
взаимосвязь дыхательной и сердечно-сосудистой систем организма, получение объективной
информации о данном параметре является
высоко актуальным.
В проведенных исследованиях
применена оригинальная технология,
впервые позволившая подойти к решению
сформулированной выше проблемы и
получить пилотные результаты.
Электрон-ядерное взаимодействия в X долине гетероструктур (In,Al)As/AlAs
Authors: Шамирзаев Т. С. , Кузнецова С. М. , Кавокин К. В.
Published: September 2021

Экспериментально и теоретически изучалось сверхтонкое взаимодействие электронов и ядер в
непрямозонных КТ (In,Al)As/AlAs первого рода. Особенностью этих непрямозонных КТ является
пренебрежимо малое анизотропное обменное взаимодействие электрона в Х долине и дырки в Г
долине, что приводит к формированию экситонов, с «чистыми» спиновыми состояниями |±1>,
рекомбинирующих с излучением циркулярно-поляризованных фотонов. Для экспериментального
определения электрон-ядерного взаимодействия измерялась циркулярная поляризация
фотолюминесценции КТ в поперечном (эффект Ханле) и продольном (эффект восстановления
циркулярной поляризации PRC) магнитных полях. Фотолюминесценция непрямо-зонных КТ
возбуждалась квазирезонансно, через возбужденные состояния электрона, принадлежащие Г долине
зоны проводимости циркулярно-поляризованым излучением Ti:Sapphire лазера.
Чувствительность пленок PbSnTe:In к тепловому излучению низкотемпературных
(вплоть до Т=60К) источников
Authors: Климов А. Э. , Голяшов В. А. , Горшков Д. В.
Published: September 2021

ФД ИК диапазона широко используются в системах формирования теплового изображения
источника и «сцены». Их важнейшим параметром является не только температурное разрешение, но и
допустимая средняя температура «сцены». Очевидно,
что чем больше кр, тем меньшая температура «сцены»
может регистрироваться. В работе представлены
результаты прямых измерений параметров макетов
детекторов с большими ф при Т = 4,2 К к излучению
АЧТ с ТАЧТ < 80 К в условиях сверхнизкого фонового
потока. Подобные условия могут реализовываться,
например, при наблюдении за удаленными объектами
Солнечной системы. При ТАЧТ = 70 К получено значение
температурного разрешения Т < 0,0007 К,
соответствующее интегральной обнаружительной
способности по этому источнику D* > 1014 смГц0,5Вт-1
.
Рассмотрены механизмы фоточувствительности,
оценено значение кр и возможность управления ф в
PbSnTe:In-фотодетекторах на основе впервые
созданных МДП-структур с Al2O3 подзатворным
диэлектриком. В качестве иллюстрации на рисунке
показано изменение тока канала структуры этого типа
под действием освещения в условиях малых потоков
фотонов Ф.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO MAPARÁ (HYPOPHTHALMUS SPP.) ESTOCADO ENTRE CAMADAS DE GELO PROVENIENTES DOS MERCADOS DE PESCADOS DE SANTARÉM – PA
Authors: Cardoso Renata Lima Saba , Neves Suellen Caroline Barbosa , Fernandes Rídel Rodrigo Silva , Franco Paola Bianca Gomes Tabaranã , Fernandes Graciene do Socorro Taveira , Britto Elton Nunes , Cunha Edinaldo José de Sousa
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar através de análises sensoriais, microbiológicas e químicas fatores que oferecessem variação sobre o tempo de vida útil no processo de armazenagem em camadas de gelo do Mapará (Hypophtalmus spp.).Foram realizadas duas amostras na Feira Mercado do Pescado em Santarém-PA: a amostra A, experimento 1, com n=143 e a amostra B, experimento 2, com n=8. Foram retirados dois peixes para as análises sensoriais, dois para avaliação do pH, um para prova de amônia, um para o teste de Éber de H2S e um para análise microbiológica.As análises sensorias foram realizadas por painelistas, utilizando dois peixes para cada repetição. A determinação do pH,teste da amônia e a reação do gás sulfídrico foi realizada no tempo zero e a cada quatro, três e dois dias, segundo as normas analíticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. O teste da amônia e a reação do gás sulfídrico foi realizado utilizando-se a prova de Éber. As análises microbiológicas também foram realizadas no mesmo intervalo de dias, com testes de colimetria, detectando presença/ausência de bactérias.Os resultados obtidos na análise sensorial, indicaram que o ponto de rejeição do pescado ocorreu entre o 17º e 20º dia.Os dois experimentos apresentaram valores de pH superior a 7 na carne estando fora do limite estabelecido por lei. Na prova de Éber para H2S, houve resultados positivos a partir do 11º dia. O teste de Éber para amônia, apresentou valor positivo a partir do 14º dia. Na análise microbiológica, foram encontrados valores de NMP/gde <1,8 a 79x104 (NMP/g) para coliformes termotolerantes e de 11 a >1.600 (NMP/g) de coliformes totais. O resultado permitiu inferir que as características organolépticas não conferem qualidade. Recomenda-se monitoramento, pesquisa e conscientização contínua acerca das boas práticas de pesca e manejo do pescado pós captura, melhoria nos estabelecimentos de comercialização de peixe e na cadeia do frio, a fim de garantir um pescado de qualidade para o consumidor.
Stress Distribution in Implant-Supported Overdenture and Peri-Implant Bone Using Three Attachment Systems: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Izadi Alireza , Vafaie Fariboorz , Shahbazi Armaghan , Mokri vala Mohamad Taghi
Published: September 2021

Background: This finite element analysis (FEA) evaluated stress distribution in implant-supported overdenture (ISO) and peri-implant bone using one extracoronal (ball) and two intracoronal (locator and Zest Anchor Advanced Generation (ZAAG)) attachment systems. Methods: In this in vitro study, the mandible was modelled in the form of an arc-shaped bone block with 33 mm height and 8 mm width. Two titanium implants were modelled at the site of canine teeth, and three attachments (ZAGG, locator, and ball) were placed over them. Next, 100 N load was applied at 90° and 30° angles from the molar site of each quadrant to the implants. The stress distribution pattern in the implants and the surrounding bone was analyzed, and the von Mises stress around the implants and in the crestal bone was calculated. Results: While minimum stress in peri-implant bone following load application at 30° angle was noted in the mesial point of the locator attachment, maximum stress was recorded at the distal point of the ball attachment following load application at 90° angle. Maximum stress around the implant following load application at 90° angle was noted in the lingual point of the ball attachment while minimum stress was recorded in the lingual point of the locator attachment following load application at 90° angle. Conclusions: According to the results, the locator attachment is preferred to the ZAAG attachment, and the ball attachment should be avoided if possible.
Managing Pharmaceutical Expenditures: Estimating the Effect of Internal Reference Pricing for Three Pharmacological Categories
Authors: Rangchian Maryam , Bagheri Zeinab , Moradi Najmeh
Published: September 2021

Background: Internal reference pricing (IRP) is one of the pharmaceutical pricing approaches, which is widely favored by health policymakers in different countries as a cost-containment tool for managing medicine expenditure. Evidence related to the implementation of this method confirms its usefulness in reducing pharmaceutical costs. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to calculate potential changes in pharmaceutical expenditure using the IRP method for products belonging to three pharmaceutical categories in the pharmaceutical system of Iran. Methods: This routine data study assessed the potential effect of IRP in three pharmaceutical categories including statins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Two scenarios for reference groups (levels 4 and 5 of the ATC code) and four scenarios for the reference price (i.e., the minimum, median, mean, and the mean of three minimum prices in the reference group) were considered in this regard, and the price and sales data source was the report published by the Iranian Food and Drug Administration. Then, cost changes were calculated with each hypothetical scenario. It was assumed that other intervening factors remain unchanged, including consumers and prescribers’ behavior. Results: Based on the results, the two largest potential saving effects belonged to the minimum price scenario and the mean of the scenario of the three minimum prices, respectively. However, the results showed that the consequence of using a price scenario other than the minimum price as the reference price is highly related to the details of the distribution of prices in the related reference group. In addition, appropriate decisions regarding outlier products (e.g., imported products) might have extremely important effects on the result, especially for the mean price scenario. The minimum price scenario concomitant with a premium for superior products can also be considered, but part of it is outside the scope of this study and requires independent research. Conclusion: Thus if an appropriate scenario is selected for the reference price and group, the IRP method has the potential to reduce the costs of medicines. Therefore, pharmaceutical policymakers must pay enough attention to the details of planning this system and the needed procedure for updating the details of this system.
Melanoma Cancer Therapy Using PEGylated Nanoparticles and Semiconductor Laser
Authors: Asrar Abdorreza , Sobhani Zahra , Behnam Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a procedure that converts laser beam energy to heat socan disturb tumor cells. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unique properties in absorption opticalenergy and could change optical power into heat in PTT procedures. Additionally, titaniumdioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have a unique feature in absorbing and scattering light.Therefore, these mentioned NPs could play a synergistic role in the PTT method.Methods: CNTs and TiO2 NPs were injected into the melanoma tumor sites of cancerousmice. Then sites were excited using the laser beam (λ = 808 nm, P = 2 W, and I = 4 W/cm2).Injected NPs caused hyperthermia in solid tumors. Tumor size assay, statistical analysis, andhistopathological study of the treated cases were performed to assess the role of mentioned NPsin PTT of murine melanoma cancer.Results: The results showed that CNTs performed better than TiO2 NPs in destroying murinemelanoma cancer cells in animals.Conclusion: The present study compared the photothermal activity of excited CNTs and TiO2NPs in cancer therapy at the near-infrared spectrum of light. Tumors were destroyed selectivelybecause of their weakened heat resistance versus normal tissue. PTT of malignant melanomathrough CNTs caused remarkable necrosis into the tumor tissues versus TiO2 NPs.
Design and Development of Antibacterial/Anti-inflammatory Dual Drug-Loaded Nanofibrous Inserts for Ophthalmic Sustained Delivery of Gentamicin and Methylprednisolone: In Vitro Bioassay, Solvent, and Method Effects’ Evaluation
Authors: Mirzaeei Shahla , Barfar Donya
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To overcome the challenges caused by the use of conventional ophthalmic dosageforms such as the fast elimination of the drug from the surface of the eye, in this study, dualdrug-loaded nanofibers were developed for sustained ophthalmic delivery of gentamicin (GNT)and methylprednisolone (MP). Moreover, the solvent effects, polymer mixtures, and method ofpreparation on the release profile of the prepared nanofibers, were evaluated.Methods: The nanofibers were prepared using polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (lactic-co-glycolicacid) (PLGA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using electrospinning technique. Thereafter,seven optimized formulations were developed with different solvent mixtures and polymerconcentrations using various electrospinning methods. The physicochemical and mechanicalproperties of nanofibers were also evaluated, and the morphology of formulations wasobserved. The antibacterial efficacy was investigated and the in vitro release amounts of GNTand MP from nanofibers were estimated using the bioassay and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis)spectroscopy.Results: The developed G1, G4, G5, G6, and G7 had suitable mechanical properties andmorphologies with diameter ranging between 70-350 nm. The 1:1 v/v ratio of DMF/DCM inthe solvent mixture and using core-shell technique for the preparation, formed nanofibers withmore favorable release profiles. The optimized formulations indicated sustained-release mannerfor both drugs during 3-9 days and the antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion: Among all the prepared formulations, the nanofiber with core-shell structurepossessed the best sustained-release profiles of GNT and MP. The obtained results suggest thatthese nanofibers have a potential to be used as an insert in the eye for long-term release of thedrug.
The oncolytic activity of Clostridium novyi nontoxic spores in breast cancer
Authors: Abedi Jafari Fatemeh , Abdoli Asghar , Pilehchian Reza , Soleimani Neda , Hosseini Seyed Masoud
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Hypoxia context is highly specific for tumors and represents a unique niche which is not found elsewhere in the body. Clostridium novyi is an obligate anaerobic bacterium. It has a potential to treat tumors. The aim of this study was to produce the C. novyi nontoxic spores and to investigate its oncolytic effect on breast cancer in mice model. Methods: Primarily, the lethal toxin gene in C. novyi type B was removed. Colonies were isolated using PCR testing. To assure the removal of alpha-toxin, plasmid extraction and in vivo assay were conducted. Next, to treat breast cancer model in different sizes of tumors, a single dose of spores of C. novyi nontoxic was tested. Results: The results denoted that C. novyi nontoxic lost lethal toxin and a­­ppeared to be safe. For smaller than 1000 mm3 tumors, a single dose of C. novyi nontoxic was able to cure 100% of mice bearing breast tumors. Hence the mice remained free of tumor relapse. Tumors larger than 1000 mm3 were not cured by a single dose­ of C. novyi nontoxic treatment. Conclusion: The experiment concluded that the C. novyi nontoxic might be a suitable and safe candidate, a novel therapeutic approach to encounter such hypoxic regions in the center of tumors. Research also showed that bacteriolytic therapy by C. novyi nontoxic could lead to regression in small tumor.
GADP-align: A genetic algorithm and dynamic programming-based method for structural alignment of proteins
Authors: Mirzaei Soraya , Razmara Jafar , Lotfi Shahriar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Similarity analysis of protein structure is considered as a fundamental step to give insight into the relationships between proteins. The primary step in structural alignment is looking for the optimal correspondence between residues of two structures to optimize the scoring function. An exhaustive search for finding such a correspondence between two structures is intractable. Methods: In this paper, a hybrid method is proposed, namely GADP-align, for pairwise protein structure alignment. The proposed method looks for an optimal alignment using a hybrid method based on a genetic algorithm and an iterative dynamic programming technique. To this end, the method first creates an initial map of correspondence between secondary structure elements (SSEs) of two proteins. Then, a genetic algorithm combined with an iterative dynamic programming algorithm is employed to optimize the alignment. Results: The GADP-align algorithm was employed to align 10 ‘difficult to align’ protein pairs in order to evaluate its performance. The experimental study shows that the proposed hybrid method produces highly accurate alignments in comparison with the methods using exactly the dynamic programming technique. Furthermore, the proposed method prevents the local optimal traps caused by the unsuitable initial guess of the corresponding residues. Conclusion: The findings of this paper demonstrate that employing the genetic algorithm along with the dynamic programming technique yields highly accurate alignments between a protein pair by exploring the global alignment and avoiding trapping in local alignments.
Simple monitoring of pH and urea in whole blood using wearable smart woman pad
Authors: Kuswandi Bambang , Andriani Nur , Nugraha Ari S
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In this work, we used a thread-paper microﬂuidic device (μTPAD) system, where a threaded part for the handling of the whole blood samples and a paper part for the reaction of plasma with immobilized bioreagents integrated into woman pad as a wearable sensing device namely as smart women pad. The μTPAD as a wearable smart woman pad is developed for the detection of pH and urea in mensuration blood as real samples. Methods: This combined device was constructed to cover the elements required, that is, separation of red blood cell, conditioning, analyte reaction, and colorimetric detection. The color change in sensing areas was measured in the RGB values via a smartphone using the Color Grab after a smart woman pad was used. The thread allowed red blood cell sampling and separation, while the paper microﬂuidic device was used for conditioning, biorecognition, and colorimetric transduction of pH and urea as analytes. Results: The time needed for analysis was measured as 110 s using the equilibrium method for both analytes, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 72.55 μg/mL for urea, with precision around 1.68%, while for pH around 0.80%. The smart woman pad allowed rapid detection of pH and urea in menstruation blood as real samples for monitoring of the kidney functions, and the results showed an agreement with the conventional methods that have been generally used in the clinical laboratory. Conclusion: The smart woman pad has the potential to be used as a wearable device to monitor the health status of the user via its blood mensuration analysis.
The effect of COVID-19 on the air pollution in urban areas of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Afed Ullah , Khan Jehanzeb , Khan Fayaz Ahmad , Khan Rooman , Khan Raza Ullah , Shah Liaqat Ali , Khan Zahoor , Badrashi Yasir Irfan
Published: September 2021

Background: The impacts of lockdown on air pollution have been examined in various parts of the world. The concentration of main air pollutants has been decreased owing to a decline in anthropogenic activities like fossil fuel burning, etc. The main aim of this research was to assess the impacts of lockdown on air pollution of the main urban areas of Pakistan. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the air quality index (AQI) of the main urban areas of Pakistan based on the pre- and post-lockdown effects and mortality rate due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hotspot analysis was conducted to assess the most vulnerable spots at the country level. Results: The AQI greatly improved in all the main cities of Pakistan which ranges from 51 to 87. The pre- and post-lockdown AQI were categorized from unhealthy for sensitive groups to hazardous and moderate, respectively. There are noticeable hotspots in the vicinity of Lahore and Karachi. The level of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) dropped 45%, 49%, 20%, 35%, and 56% in Peshawar, Lahore, Multan, Karachi, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi, respectively. Conclusion: Nature healed due to lockdown, which is the only good face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The temporary lockdown greatly improved air quality which may stimulate the policymakers, researchers, and governments for the smart use of resources to minimize emissions to heal the nature. The present study also suggests the application of hotspot analysis in different contexts for the evidence-based care services decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fear of COVID-19 and religious coping mediate the associations between religiosity and distress among older adults
Authors: Asgari Ghoncheh Karim , Liu Chieh-hsiu , Lin Chung-Ying , Saffari Mohsen , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H
Published: September 2021

Background: A mediation model was proposed to explain how religiosity, religious coping, and fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) explained anxiety and depression among older adults. Methods: With the use of a cross-sectional design, the Integrated Health System was used to randomly invite 1000 older adults residing in Qazvin to participate in an online survey. Within the period of November 2020 to January 2021, 696 older Iranian adults (mean age=69.56years; 57.9% women) agreed to participate in the study and reported demographic information as well as measures of religiosity, fear of COVID-19, religious coping, anxiety, and depression. Results: Religiosity had direct effects on depression (B [SE]=-0.087 [0.037]; P=0.023) but not anxiety (B [SE]=-0.063 [0.036]; P=0.072). Moreover, both fear of COVID-19 and religious coping significantly mediated the association between religiosity and anxiety (B [SE]=-0.360[0.035]; p=0.002) and that between religiosity and depression (B [SE]=-0.365 [0.034];P=0.002). Conclusion: During the tough time of COVID-19 pandemic, religiosity and religious coping were protectors for older adults in developing good mental. Therefore, future research is needed to examine education programs that are effective for older adults to obtain correct knowledge concerning COVID-19, including the protective COVID-19 infection behaviors. Therefore, older adults may reduce their fear via their enhanced correct knowledge concerning COVID-19.
High tibial osteotomy: A review of the readability and quality of patient information on the internet
Authors: Clark Matthew , Baxter Ian Colin , Hampton Matthew , Sandler Robert D , Legg Andrew
Published: September 2021

Background: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a common procedure performed for unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients are increasingly using the internet to research surgical procedures to help aid decision making. Our aim was to assess the readability and quality of information available to patients online relating to HTO. Methods: A systematic review of three search engines Google, Bing, and Yahoo using the search terms "high tibial osteotomy" and "tibial osteotomy" separately was performed. The first three pages of results for each search engine were analyzed. Readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease Scale (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade level (FKGL) and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook formula (SMOG). Quality was assessed with the DISCERN questionnaire, JAMAbenchmarks and the presence of Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONCode). Results: Twenty-four webpages were included after duplicates (n=42) and exclusions (n=24).The overall readability was low, with a mean FRES of 53.2 (SD: 9.1), FKGL 10.7 (SD: 1.8),SMOG 10.4 (SD: 1.5). Quality was also low with a mean DISCERN score of 42 (SD: 12.3).None of the webpages fulfilled all of the JAMA benchmarking criteria and only 2/24 (8.3%)webpages possessed HONCode certification. Conclusion: The overall online information available to patient’s considering HTO is of lowreadability and quality. Improving the quality and readability of patient information online willbenefit informed patient decision making before HTO surgery.
Does self-efficacy mediate the relationship between occupational stress and mental health problems? A study among nursing professionals
Authors: Dianat Iman , Azemi Sonia , Abdollahazade Farahnaz , Bazazan Ahmad , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Background: While it is acknowledged that self-efficacy plays a significant role in understanding consequences of occupational stress, no research has given much attention to the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the association between occupational stress and mental health (MH)problems. The aims of this study were to examine: (1) the associations between occupational stress, MH problems, and self-efficacy among nursing professionals, and (2) mediating effect of self-efficacy in the association between occupational stress and MH problems. Methods: A multi-hospital cross-sectional survey was adopted in eight hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. 389 nursing staff were recruited through a two-stage sampling procedure. Study variables included occupational stress (Health & Safety Executive [HSE] Management Standards RevisedIndicator Tool [MS–RIT]), mental health (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ–28]), and self efficacy (General Self-Efficacy [GSE–10]). Generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM)was applied. Results: Occupational stress (mean±SD=109.2±13.4), poor MH (41.9%), and low selfefficacy (mean±SD=17.7±4.9) were fairly common among the participants. The results showed significant direct effect of occupational stress on MH problems (β=- 0.38, P<0.001). Indirect effect of occupational stress on MH problems through self-efficacy was not significant. Conclusion: The findings highlight the role of other mechanisms or factors than self-efficacy in the association between occupational stress and MH problems that should be established in future work.
Advanced Materials for Immunosensing of Pharmaceutical and Drug Compounds
Authors: Soleymani Jafar , Golsanamluo Zahra
Published: September 2021

Real-time and accurate levels of pharmaceuticals undertake critical effects in the therapy process. Thus, reliable detection of pharmaceuticals is important for regulating the proper concentration of them to enhance the effectiveness and to decrease possible side effects. However, the development of new reliable sensory systems is the main prerequisite for the mentioned aims. Immunosensors can be regarded as an effective tool due to their sensitivity and unique specificity originating from the intrinsic nature of the antigen-antibody interaction. This review reports material tendencies in the development of immunosensors for pharmaceuticals (veterinary and human) which have been reported in the last few years. Carbon-based (graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, etc.), gold, and magnetic materials are the main materials for the fabrication of pharmaceutical immunosensors. Also, this review reports benefits and limitations on the reported immunosensor and mechanism and analytical performance of the immunoplatforms to address future researches.
Treatment Approaches Based on Neuroscientific Data in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Ansari Asl Mohammad , Asgari Parviz , Bakhti Seyedeh Zahra
Published: September 2021

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychological disorder that can be very disabling. Recent increasing neuroscientific data about OCD has provided important evidence that has started to change our knowledge about treatment. This paper offers an applied perspective of neuroscience on diagnosis and treatment preparation for people with OCD disease. The main aim is to enhance clinician-researcher communication to promote the conversion of developments in neuroscience research into better treatment for patients with OCD. Methods: A PubMed search was performed using the keywords "obsessive-compulsive disorder", "neuroimaging methods", "neuroscience", and "neurological treatment". The search provided sufficient articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 1995 to 2021. The data were obtained from these various sources and were included in this review. Results: The advancement of neurotherapeutic techniques targeting the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit is the subject of a circuit dysregulation system. Also, according to neuroimaging studies, reductions in D2 receptors (about -18%), GABAA receptors (-15%), and cingulate 5-HT1A receptors (-18%) in patients with OCD were reported compared with healthy controls. Conclusion: The result suggests that DA, 5-HT, and GABA have considerable roles in anxiety- and compulsion-related disorders such as OCD. For patients with OCD, these core neuroscience themes collectively guide formulation and clinical preparation.