bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable Low‐Power Skyrmionic Logic Gate Library
Authors: Mousavi Cheghabouri Arash , Yagan Rawana , Onbasli Mehmet C.
Published: May 2024

Magnetic skyrmions, despite being promising ultra‐low energy information carriers with wide bandwidth and nonvolatility, are not used for any universal scalable logic system. Here, a detailed understanding of skyrmion motion in nanowires under different geometries and drive conditions is established. Then, these insights are used to introduce a general Boolean‐universal gate block system with components, emulation, and simulation algorithms. The resulting system can collectively form a scalable, cascadable, and universal skyrmion logic system and produce arbitrary logic designs. The NOR, AND, OR, NAND, XNOR, and FULL ADDER gates are provided here as example demonstrations of the system. The toolkit lays the foundation for bridging the gap between theoretical exploration and practical implementation of skyrmion‐based computing. The skyrmion block components may help reduce energy consumption per logic operation after eliminating Joule heating. The insights and designs may help skyrmions be used in state‐of‐the‐art electronic design automation.
Improving the Rechargeable Li‐CO2 Battery Performances by Tailoring Oxygen Defects on Li‐Ni‐Co‐Mn Multi‐Metal Oxide Catalysts Recycled from Spent Ternary Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Juan , Feng Ningning , Zhang Shuang , Lin Yang , Zhang Yapeng , Du Jing , Tian Senlin , Zhao Qun , Yang Gang
Published: May 2024

Rechargeable Li‐CO2 batteries are considered as a promising carbon‐neutral energy storage technology owing to their ultra‐high energy density and efficient CO2 capture capability. However, the sluggish CO2 reduction/evolution kinetics impedes their practical application, which leads to huge overpotentials and poor cyclability. Multi‐element transit metal oxides (TMOs) are demonstrated as effective cathodic catalysts for Li‐CO2 batteries. But there are no reports on the integration of defect engineering on multi‐element TMOs. Herein, the oxygen vacancy‐bearing Li‐Ni‐Co‐Mn multi‐oxide (Re‐NCM‐H3) catalyst with the α‐NaFeO2‐type structure is first fabricated by annealing the NiCoMn precursor that derived from spent ternary LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode, in H2 at 300 °C. As demonstrated by experimental results and theory calculations, the introduction of moderate oxygen vacancy has optimized electronic state near the Fermi level (Ef), eventually improving CO2 adsorption and charge transfer. Therefore, the Li‐CO2 batteries with Re‐NCM‐H3 catalyst deliver a high capacity (11808.9 mAh g−1), a lower overpotential (1.54 V), as well as excellent stability over 216 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and 165 cycles at 400 mA g−1. This study not only opens up a sustainable application of spent ternary cathode, but also validates the potential of multi‐element TMO catalysts with oxygen defects for high‐efficiency Li‐CO2 batteries.
SELENOI Functions as a Key Modulator of Ferroptosis Pathway in Colitis and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Xin , Yang Xu , Zhang Mingxin , Li Tong , Zhu Kongdi , Dong Yulan , Lei Xingen , Yu Zhengquan , Lv Cong , Huang Jiaqiang
Published: May 2024

Ferroptosis plays important roles both in normal physiology and multiple human diseases. It is well known that selenoprotein named glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a crucial regulator for ferroptosis. However, it remains unknown whether other selenoproteins responsible for the regulation of ferroptosis, particularly in gut diseases. In this study, it is observed that Selenoprotein I (Selenoi) prevents ferroptosis by maintaining ether lipids homeostasis. Specific deletion of Selenoi in intestinal epithelial cells induced the occurrence of ferroptosis, leading to impaired intestinal regeneration and compromised colonic tumor growth. Mechanistically, Selenoi deficiency causes a remarkable decrease in ether‐linked phosphatidylethanolamine (ePE) and a marked increase in ether‐linked phosphatidylcholine (ePC). The imbalance of ePE and ePC results in the upregulation of phospholipase A2, group IIA (Pla2g2a) and group V (Pla2g5), as well as arachidonate‐15‐lipoxygenase (Alox15), which give rise to excessive lipid peroxidation. Knockdown of PLA2G2A, PLA2G5, or ALOX15 can reverse the ferroptosis phenotypes, suggesting that they are downstream effectors of SELENOI. Strikingly, GPX4 overexpression cannot rescue the ferroptosis phenotypes of SELENOI‐knockdown cells, while SELENOI overexpression can partially rescue GPX4‐knockdown‐induced ferroptosis. It suggests that SELENOI prevents ferroptosis independent of GPX4. Taken together, these findings strongly support the notion that SELENOI functions as a novel suppressor of ferroptosis during colitis and colon tumorigenesis.
Breaking 1.7 V Open Circuit Voltage in Large Area Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using Interfaces Passivation
Authors: Di Girolamo Diego , Vidon Guillaume , Barichello Jessica , Di Giacomo Francesco , Jafarzadeh Farshad , Paci Barbara , Generosi Amanda , Kim Minjin , Castriotta Luigi Angelo , Frégnaux Mathieu , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Brunetti Francesca , Schulz Philip , Ory Daniel , Cacovich Stefania , Di Carlo Aldo , Matteocci Fabio
Published: May 2024

Efficient semi‐transparent solar cells can extend the adoption of photovoltaics beyond standard utility‐scale, commercial, or residential applications. Halide perovskites are particularly suitable in this respect owing to their tunable bandgap. The main drawbacks in the development of transparent perovskite solar cells are the high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) deficit and the difficulties in depositing high‐quality thin films over large area substrates, given the low solubility of bromide and chloride precursors. In this work, passivation strategies are developed for the high bandgap Br perovskite able to reduce charge recombination and consequently improve the Voc. The study demonstrates 1 cm2 perovskite solar cells with Voc up to 1.73 V (1.83 eV Quasi Fermi Level Splitting) and a PCE of 8.1%. The average visible transmittance (AVT) exceeds 70% by means of a bifacial light management and a record light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 5.72 is achieved. Moreover, the potential use of the technology is evaluated toward Internet of Things (IoT) application owing to a bifaciality factor of 87% along with 17% PCE under indoor lighting. Finally, the up‐scaling is demonstrated by fabricating 20 cm2 active area modules with PCE of 7.3% and Voc per cell up to 1.65 V.
Weighing the gold standard: The breadth of emergency medicine core content covered by textbooks
Authors: Preiksaitis Carl , Nawaz Amana , Ousta Alaa , Mackey Cassandra
Published: May 2024

Background

Textbooks are often considered the criterion standard in medical education, but there is a growing preference for free open‐access medical education (FOAM) content among learners. Despite FOAM's appeal, these resources often fall short in covering core content as comprehensively as the American Board of Emergency Medicine's 2019 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (MCPEM), thereby sustaining the recommendation for textbook use. However, textbooks have limitations, such as how quickly content can become outdated. Notably, there is no evaluation of the comprehensiveness of emergency medicine (EM) textbooks in the literature.

Methods

This observational cross‐sectional study compared Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice 10th Edition (Rosen's) and Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide 9th Edition (Tintinalli's) with the MCPEM subtopics. Each textbook chapter was reviewed for content alignment with MCPEM subtopics. The primary outcome was the proportion of MCPEM subtopics covered by each textbook. Secondary outcomes included the count of chapters covering each topic and their distribution relative to the core content weighting in the ABEM National Qualifying Examination (NQE).

Results

Rosen's covered 95.3% of MCPEM subtopics (837 unique subtopics), and Tintinalli's covered 94.5% (826 unique subtopics). Both textbooks overrepresented topics like toxicology and psychobehavioral disorders compared to their weighting in the NQE. Relatively underrepresented topics included environmental disorders, cardiovascular disorders, renal and urogenital disorders, and traumatic disorders in Rosen's and other core competencies and cardiovascular disorders in Tintinalli's. The textbooks varied significantly in coverage of certain topics.

Conclusions

Both Rosen's and Tintinalli's comprehensively cover MCPEM subtopics, with some discrepancies in topic representation compared to the NQE. While textbooks offer depth and breadth, they may not fully align with the NQE content distribution. A diversified approach to EM education, combining traditional textbooks and FOAM resources may be required for comprehensive learning.
Genetic variability and path coefficient analysis among bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for yield and yield‐related traits in bale highlands, southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abdurezake Mohammedamin , Bekeko Zelalem , Mohammed Abdi
Published: May 2024

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important strategic crops to overcome food security problems in the world including Ethiopia. This can be achieved through genetic improvement of the crop and its production practices. In this connection, information on the mutual association of traits is important for effective selection in wheat‐breeding programs. In 2021/2022 production year, a field experiment was undertaken to estimate the extent of genetic variability, path analysis, and association of yield and yield‐related characteristics for the selection of desirable wheat genotypes. A total of 64 bread wheat genotypes, including yellow rust‐resistant Boru (resistant), Hachalu (moderately resistant), and Madda‐Walabu (susceptible) as control, were used for the field experiment at Sinana and Agarfa Agricultural Research Centers. The experiment was laid out in a simple alpha lattice design. The mean analysis of variances showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) for all traits among the tested genotypes. The value of the phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all studied traits, indicating the presences of higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes. Grain yield had a significant positive correlation with days to maturity, grain‐filling period, plant height, kernels spike−1, thousand seed weight, and biological yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels including spike length at phenotypic levels at both locations and with plant height, thousand seed weight, and biological yield at both locations at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Similarly, days to maturity and grain‐filling period also showed a significant positive phenotypic correlation with grain yield. The analyzed path coefficients at both genotypic and phenotypic levels also indicated how grain yield is influenced directly and indirectly by other yield and yield‐related traits. The result also showed the existence of good heritability values along with high genetic advance, higher phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation for grain yield, biological yield, and grain‐filling period. This implies the true relationship among these traits and grain yield; therefore, due attention should be paid to such traits during selection for further improvement. Hence, the present study indicated the importance of the direct and indirect effects of the studied traits on yield and yield components which makes selection desirable for improving the grain yield of wheat and its genetic resistance against yellow rust in the study area.
Optimization methods for plastics management supply chain design
Authors: Wang Shuheng , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: May 2024

This article introduces three mixed integer programming (MIP) models to address a network design problem for mixed plastic waste (MPW) supply chains. By tracking waste compositions throughout the supply chain, the models optimize the technologies needed to process MPW. The three models adopt different approaches to preserve composition information in the supply chain. We also remark on how to improve solution times with additional constraints, and how the models can be easily modified to handle larger‐scale problems. The proposed models provide an approach for examining emerging MPW recycling technologies that may be more sensitive to input composition, as well as determining the extent to which advanced sorting is useful.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Annulation of Sulfonyl‐Derived 1,3‐Enynes: Simple and Efficient Construction of 2,4‐Disubstituted Thiophenes and Vinyl Sulfone‐Tethered 1,2,3‐NH‐Triazoles
Authors: Sharadha Nunavath , Haritha Kumari Arram , Jannapu Reddy Raju
Published: May 2024

Thiophenes and 1,2,3‐NH‐triazoles are important frameworks in pharmaceuticals and advanced functional materials. Vinyl sulfones are also blueprint motifs in medicinal chemistry, but hybrid analogues of 1,2,3‐NH‐triazole‐derived from vinyl sulfones still need to be explored. In this report, we present an efficient and transition‐metal‐free [4+1]‐thioannulation of sulfonyl‐tethered 1,3‐enynes with Na2S in the presence of Cs2CO3 to generate 2,4‐disubstituted thiophenes in good to high yields. We also established a formal [3+2]‐cycloaddition of 1,3‐sulfonylenynes with NaN3 under metal‐ and base‐free conditions to synthesize vinyl sulfone‐containing 1,2,3‐NH‐triazole derivatives in moderate to high yields. The scope of these protocols was successfully showcased with various types of 1,3‐enynes bearing sensitive functional groups and complex structural scaffolds. The desired products were readily obtained with good functional group tolerance and compatibility. Based on the existing results and control experiments, plausible mechanistic pathways are also presented.
Struktur und chemische Reaktivität von Yttrium‐stabilisierten ZrO2‐Oberflächen: Zur Bedeutung für die Wassergas‐Shift‐Reaktion
Authors: Chen Shuang , Pleßow Philipp N. , Yu Zairan , Sauter Eric , Caulfield Lachlan , Nefedov Alexei , Studt Felix , Wang Yuemin , Wöll Christof
Published: May 2024

Die Oberflächenstruktur und die chemischen Eigenschaften von Yttrium‐stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxid (YSZ) waren in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten Gegenstand intensiver Diskussionen. Ein umfassendes Verständnis der chemischen Prozesse, die bei YSZ‐Pulvern ablaufen, ist jedoch aufgrund der fehlenden Erhebung von zuverlässigen Referenzdaten für gut kontrollierte Modellsysteme mit erheblichen Herausforderungen verbunden. Wir stellen hier die Ergebnisse aus der polarisationsaufgelösten Infrarot‐Reflexions‐Absorptions‐Spektroskopie (IRRAS) vor, die für unterschiedlich orientierte, Yttrium‐dotierte ZrO2‐Einkristalloberflächen nach der Adsorption von CO und D2O erhalten wurden. Die IRRAS‐Daten zeigen, dass die polare YSZ(100)‐Oberfläche eine Rekonstruktion erfährt, die durch eine ungewöhnliche rotverschobene CO‐Bande bei 2132 cm−1 gekennzeichnet ist. Berechnungen gemäß der Dichtefunktionaltheorie ermöglichten es, diese unerwartete Beobachtung mit unterkoordinierten Zr4+‐Kationen in der Nähe der durch die Dotierung induzierten O‐Fehlstellen in Verbindung zu bringen. Diese Rekonstruktion führt zu einer stark erhöhten chemischen Reaktivität und zu einer spontanen Dissoziation von Wasser an YSZ(100). Letzteres, eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Katalyse der Wassergas‐Shift (WGS)‐Reaktion fehlt für YSZ(111), wo lediglich eine assoziative Adsorption beobachtet wurde. Zusammen mit einem neuartigen Analyseschema ermöglichten diese Referenzdaten eine operando‐Charakterisierung von YSZ‐Pulvern mithilfe der DRIFTS (Diffuse‐Reflexions‐Infrarot‐Fourier‐Transform‐Spektroskopie). Diese Erkenntnisse erleichtern das rationale Design und die Abstimmung von YSZ‐basierten Pulvermaterialien für katalytische Anwendungen, insbesondere für die CO‐Oxidation und die WGS‐Reaktion.
Dynamic Covalent Bonds Regulate Zinc Plating/Stripping Behaviors for High‐Performance Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Yafei , Luo Chong , Yang Mingfang , Wang Huirong , Ma Wenwen , Hu Kaikai , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: May 2024

Artificial interfaces provide a comprehensive approach to controlling zinc dendrite and surface corrosion in zinc‐based aqueous batteries (ZABs). However, due to consistent volume changes during zinc plating/stripping, traditional interfacial layers cannot consistently adapt to the dendrite surface, resulting in uncontrolled dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution. Herein, dynamic covalent bonds exhibit the Janus effect towards zinc deposition at different current densities, presenting a holistic strategy for stabilizing zinc anode. The PBSC intelligent artificial interface consisting of dynamic B−O covalent bonds is developed on zinc anode to mitigate hydrogen evolution and restrict dendrite expansion. Owing to the reversible dynamic bonds, PBSC exhibits shape self‐adaptive characteristics at low current rates, which rearranges the network to accommodate volume changes during zinc plating/stripping, resisting hydrogen evolution. Moreover, the rapid association of B−O dynamic bonds enhances mechanical strength at dendrite tips, presenting a shear‐thickening effect and suppressing further dendrite growth at high current rates. Therefore, the assembled symmetrical battery with PBSC maintains a stable cycle of 4500 hours without significant performance degradation and the PBSC@Zn||V2O5 pouch cell demonstrates a specific capacity exceeding 170 mAh g−1. Overall, the intelligent interface with dynamic covalent bonds provides innovative approaches for zinc anode interfacial engineering and enhances cycling performance.
Orchestrated Octuple C−H Activation: A Bottom‐Up Topology Engineering Approach toward Stimuli‐Responsive Double‐Heptagon‐Embedded Wavy Polycyclic Heteroaromatics
Authors: Rana Samim Sohel , Choudhury Joyanta
Published: May 2024

Curiosity‐driven innovations on the design and synthesis of nonplanar polycyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic compounds with new molecular topologies unfold exciting opportunities for harnessing their intriguing supramolecular properties and thereby the development of novel functional organic materials. This work presents such an innovative synthetic concept of a bottom‐up molecular topology engineering through a unique orchestrated octuple C−H activation reaction, toward the rapid synthesis of a novel class of double heptagon‐incorporated nitrogen‐doped laterally‐fused polycyclic compounds with rarely reported wavy structural configuration. The profound impact of the molecular wavy structures of these compounds on their properties is manifested by weak and tunable solid‐state intermolecular interactions controlling the electronic properties of the materials, leading to reversibly switchable fluorochromism in the solid state and thin films with mechanical force and solvent vapors as external stimuli, thereby indicating their potential applicability in rewritable fluorescent optical recording media, security papers, mechanosensors, volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors etc.
Amino‐modified banana nanocellulose aerogels with quick pH‐responsive switchable wettability for oil–water separation
Authors: Zhang Meiling , Hu Wenhui , Guo Ningting , Wu Peiming , Su Huiying , Shao Jianhao , Li Min , Ye Jianqing , Zheng Guangwei , Wang Zhangang , Yang Yaolin , Yousif Muhammad , Zhuang Xupin
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of the maritime industry, oily wastewater discharges and oil spills cause acute environmental challenges. Currently, cellulosic materials with switchable wettability have received increasing interest for oil–water separation. Moreover, work efficiency needs to be improved with a shorter response time. To realize these, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) synthesized pH‐responsive copolymer (DMAEMA‐co‐MTMS) which grafted banana nanocellulose fiber made from wasted pseudostem to achieve the pH‐responsive aerogel (BCNA‐DcoM). BCNA‐DcoM exhibited hydrophilic/submerged lipophobicity under acidic conditions and hydrophobic/lipophilic under alkaline conditions. A response time of 3 s and a contact angle of 135° were shown when the mass ratio of banana nanocellulose suspension, MTMS, and DMAEMA‐co‐MTMS was 5:3:9. Moreover, BCNA‐DcoM possessed favorable mechanical friction properties, salt resistance (25% NaCl), compression resilience (50 cycles of compression at 60% strain), switchable wettability (>30 cycles), and highly efficient separation performance (>96%). The adsorption capacity of BCNA‐DcoM for oil is 80–184 times the initial weight of the aerogel based on the different oil densities. For practical applications, BCNA‐DcoM could continuously separate oil–water mixtures with the constant‐flow pump. The present work provides more possibilities for rapidly treating industrial oily wastewater with low‐cost and ecological banana pseudostem materials.
Do schools that employ an inspector get better inspection grades?
Authors: Bokhove Christian , Jerrim John , Sims Sam
Published: May 2024

In England, a substantial proportion of school inspections are conducted by current school leaders. This may lead to concerns that this gives their school (about 2% of schools) an advantage in the inspection process when it is their turn to be inspected. Yet scant evidence exists on this issue. This paper thus presents the first evidence on this matter, using data obtained via a freedom of information request and linking this with other publicly available information about England's schools. We find that schools where a member of staff also works for Ofsted receive better inspection outcomes than schools without an inspector on their payroll. Our findings nevertheless suggest that other schools may benefit from having access to the training material and professional development opportunities Ofsted provides to its inspectors.
A comparative study of two thienopyrimidine Schiff base probes for sequential monitoring of Ga3+ and Pd2+
Authors: Shi Manman , Li Boli , Kang Mingyi , Liu Peng , Yang Xiaofeng , Pei Meishan , Zhang Guangyou
Published: May 2024

Two Schiff base probes (S1 and S2) were prepared and synthesized by incorporating thienopyrimidine into salicylaldehyde or 3‐ethoxysalicylaldehyde individually, with the aim of detecting Ga3+ and Pd2+ sequentially. Upon chelation with Ga3+, S1 and S2 exhibited fluorescence enhancement in DMSO/H2O buffer. Both S1–Ga3+ and S2–Ga3+ were quenched by Pd2+. The limit of detection for S1 in response to Ga3+ and Pd2+ was 2.86 × 10−7 and 4.4 × 10−9 M, respectively. For S2, the limit of detection for Ga3+ and Pd2+ was 4.15 × 10−8 and 3.0 × 10−9 M, respectively. Furthermore, the complexation ratios of both S1 and S2 with Ga3+ and Pd2+ were determined to be 1:2 through Job's plots, ESI‐MS analysis, and theoretical calculations. Two molecular logic gates were constructed, leveraging the response behaviors of S1 and S2. Moreover, the potential utility of S1 and S2 for monitoring Ga3+ and Pd2+ in domestic water was verified.
Discover how Intro to Psych lessons can help you lead
Authors: Schwebel David C. , McFarland Carl E.
Published: May 2024

The American Psychological Association estimates more than 1 million students take Introduction to Psychology annually. Psych 101 syllabi expose college students to dozens of lessons spanning the broad field of psychology.
Distribution of cereal phytochemicals and micronutrients in whole grains: A review of nutraceutical, industrial, and agricultural implications
Authors: Nguyen Si Nhat , Drawbridge Pamela , Beta Trust
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives

There is mounting evidence that whole cereal grains are a source of many micronutrients and phytochemicals that confer several health benefits. This work aimed to investigate the distribution patterns and related implications of selected bioactive compounds from various cereal grains and discuss the techniques used to study their distribution.

Findings

Hand dissection and imaging techniques are the methods used to locate bioactive compounds in whole grains with high accuracy. Pearling and milling are methods of industrial importance. Phenolic compounds are concentrated in cereal bran, whereas the germ is rich in carotenoids and tocols (particularly tocopherols). Knowing the distribution pattern of compounds allows a better understanding of their bioaccessibility and associated bioactivity, as well as developing means to recover them and enhance their occurrence in the aleurone layer.

Conclusions

Gradient patterns exist in the distribution of phytochemicals and micronutrients derived from cereal grains. This knowledge can be translated into a number of purposeful and practical applications.

Significance and Novelty

This study employed a comparative approach to examine the repartition of various compounds in whole grains of assorted cereals with an emphasis on minor crops. The implications are relatable and applicable in diverse sectors to ultimately improve the well‐being of cereal consumers.
Coin‐Shaped Carbon Prepared with Cerbera manghas Fibers via Multistage Carbonization and Activation for High‐Performance Symmetrical Supercapacitors
Authors: Farma Rakhmawati , Yunita Aria , Apriyani Irma , Awitdrus Awitdrus , Deraman Mohamad , Omar Fatin Salha , Shamsudin Siti Aisyah , Othman Mohd Amir Radhi
Published: May 2024

Supercapacitor energy storage devices and activated carbon (AC) manufacturing materials for producing high‐performance supercapacitors have received extensive attention from researchers. Biomass‐based AC has been extensively studied due to its environmental friendliness, abundant availability, porous structure, and high specific surface area. This work focuses on developing biomass‐based carbon electrodes derived from Cerbera manghas fiber (CMF) with variations in carbonization temperature to obtain optimum supercapacitor cell performance. The prepared CMF AC was characterized using energy dispersive X‐ray, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and nitrogen isothermal adsorption–desorption. CMF AC with the optimum carbonization temperature (CMF‐600) produced a fibrous structure with a lot of mesoporous so that the specific surface area and specific capacitance were high, namely, 721.495 m2 g−1 and 221 F g−1 at scan rate 1 mV s−1, respectively. The results of this study indicate that selecting the optimum temperature can enhance the performance of supercapacitor cells and make AC based on CMF biomass potential for cheap and efficient energy storage applications.
Room‐Temperature Cascade Electrophilic Addition/Cyclization/Oxidation Reactions: Divergent Selective Synthesis of Brominated 2H‐Chromenes, 2H‐Chromen‐2‐ols and 2H‐Chromen‐2‐ones
Authors: Shen Guodong , Li Zhanjun , Zhao Lingyu , Zhang Ye , Zhang Yalin , Li Zhen , Huang Xianqiang , Lv Xin
Published: May 2024

The room temperature metal‐free cascade electrophilic addition/cyclization/oxidation reactions of (3‐phenoxyprop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)benzenes to divergently synthesize various brominated benzopyran derivatives (3‐bromo‐2H‐chromenes, 3‐bromo‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ols and 3‐bromo coumarins) by tuning the amount of Br2 and H2O have been developed. The method exhibited high selectivity, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, high efficiency, and the applicability for derivatization of the brominated products. The importance of the strategies provides a great advantage for selective synthesis of brominated benzopyran derivatives.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of a D‐π‐A Julolidine‐Like Pyrenyl‐o‐Carborane
Authors: Krebs Johannes , Brändler Lisa , Krummenacher Ivo , Friedrich Alexandra , Braunschweig Holger , Finze Maik , Curchod Basile F. E. , Marder Todd B.
Published: May 2024

We synthesized 2‐(1‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaboranyl(12))‐6,6,12,12‐tetramethyl‐7,8,11,12‐tetrahydro‐6H,10H‐phenaleno[1,9‐fg]pyrido[3,2,1‐ij]quinoline (4), a julolidine‐like pyrenyl‐o‐carborane, with pyrene substituted at the 2,7‐positions on the HOMO/LUMO nodal plane. Using solid state molecular structures, photophysical data, cyclic voltammetry, DFT and LR‐TDDFT calculations, we compare o‐carborane and B(Mes)2 (Mes=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) as acceptor groups. Whereas the π‐acceptor strength of B(Mes)2 is sufficient to drop the pyrene LUMO+1 below the LUMO, the carborane does not do this. We confirm the π‐donor strength of the julolidine‐like moiety, however, which raises the pyrene HOMO‐1 above the HOMO. In contrast to the analogous pyrene‐2‐yl‐o‐carborane, 2‐(1‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaboranyl(12))‐pyrene VI, which exhibits dual fluorescence, because the rate of internal conversion between locally‐excited (LE) and charge transfer (CT) (from the pyrene to the carborane) states is faster than the radiative decay rate, leading to a thermodynamic equilibrium between the 2 states, 4 shows only single fluorescence, as the CT state involving the carborane as the acceptor moiety in not kinetically accessible, so a more localized CT emission involving the julolidine‐like pyrene moiety is observed.
The effect of PVP and PVA on hydrate formation kinetics of ethane and propane mixture in the presence of kaolin nanoparticles
Authors: Kiani J. , Gholami P. , Makenali F. , Bahrami M.
Published: May 2024

The blockage of gas transmission pipelines due to gas hydrates poses a significant challenge for the gas industry. Low‐dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHI) are utilized to influence the kinetics of hydrate formation, including nucleation, growth, and/or agglomeration. In the current study, a series of batch, isochoric, and isothermal tests were carried out to investigate the impacts of two LDHIs, poly N‐vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohols (PVA). This study examined the influence of these inhibitors on nucleation and growth of ethane+propane mixture in the presence of kaolin nanoparticles. In laboratory studies and using pure constituents, the rate of hydrate formation is low to investigate the inhibitors effect. To enhance the rate of hydrate formation, kaolin nanoparticles were utilized as they serve as a suitable representative for solid minerals commonly found in pipelines. The gas phase's compositional change were measured using a gas chromatograph. The results revealed that the growth stage of mixed‐gas exhibited two distinct steps, attributed to the formation of two different structures known as structure II and structure I. During the first step, structure II was formed, and the cavities were occupied by both gas components. In the second stage, structure I was formed by ethane. The effect of temperature on the induction time (nucleation rate) and the growth rate during the second stage was lower than that at the first stage. The increase in PVA concentration resulted in an increase in the induction time and a decrease in the rate of growth during the first stage. The performance of PVA was found to be affected by temperature. Lower temperatures resulted in the formation of less foam, providing improved performance for PVA at −0.5°C. PVP had a stronger impact on induction time and both growth steps compared to PVA, indicating stronger inhibitory impact of PVP on nucleation of hydrates initiated by propane and the growth of both propane and ethane hydrates.
Novel Octahedral Nickel (II) Complex with Flexible Piperazinyl Moiety Exhibits Potent Cytotoxic Effect Along with Anti‐Migratory and Anti‐Metastatic Effect on Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Mandal Bikramaditya , Pramanik Anik , Sarkar Debanjan , Haldar Anwesha , Das Dona , Saha Rajat , Mandal Debdas , Bhattacharyya Sankar
Published: May 2024

Synthesis of non‐platinum transition metal complexes with N,O donor chelating ligand for application against pathogenesis of cancer with higher efficacy and selectivity is currently an important field of research. We assessed the anti‐cancer effect of a mixed ligand Ni(II) complex on human breast and lung cancer cell lines in this investigation. Mononuclear mixed ligand octahedral Ni(II) complex [NiIIL(NO3)(MeOH)] complex (1), with tri‐dentate phenol‐based ligand 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐((4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl) methyl) phenol (HL) along with methanol and nitrate as ancillary ligand was prepared. Piperazine moiety of the ligand exists as boat conformation in this complex as revealed from single crystal X‐ray study. UV–visible spectrum of complex (1) exhibits three distinct d‐d bands due to spin‐allowed 3 A2 g→3T1 g (P), 3 A2 g→3T1 g(F) and 3 A2 g→3T2 g(F) transitions as expected in an octahedral d8 system. Our study revealed that Complex (1) induces apoptotic cell death in mouse and human cancer cells such as mcf‐7, A549 and MDA‐MB‐231 through transactivation of p53 and its pro‐apoptotic downstream targets in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, complex (1) was able to slow the migratory rate of MDA‐MB‐231 cells′ in vitro as well as epithelia ‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), the key step for metastatic transition and malignancy. Over all our results suggest complex (1) as a potential agent in anti‐tumor treatment regimen showing both cytotoxic and anti‐metastatic activity against malignant neoplasia.
Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy‐1,2,3‐Triazole‐linked Sialyltransferase Inhibitors and Evaluation of Selectivity Towards ST3GAL1, ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2
Authors: Szabo Rémi , Dobie Chris , Montgomery Andrew P. , Steele Harrison , Yu Haibo , Skropeta Danielle
Published: May 2024

Tumour‐derived sialoglycans, bearing the charged nonulosonic sugar sialic acid at their termini, play a critical role in tumour cell adhesion and invasion, as well as evading cell death and immune surveillance. Sialyltransferases (ST), the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of sialylated glycans, are highly upregulated in cancer, with tumour hypersialylation strongly correlated with tumour growth, metastasis and drug resistance. As a result, desialylation of the tumour cell surface using either targeted delivery of a pan‐ST inhibitor (or sialidase) or systemic delivery of a non‐toxic selective ST inhibitors are being pursued as potential new anti‐metastatic strategies against multiple cancers including pancreatic, ovarian, breast, melanoma and lung cancer. Herein, we have employed molecular modelling to give insights into the selectivity observed in a series of selective ST inhibitors that incorporate a uridyl ring in place of the cytidine of the natural donor (CMP‐Neu5Ac) and replace the charged phosphodiester linker of classical ST inhibitors with a neutral α‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐triazole linker. The inhibitory activities of the nascent compounds were determined against recombinant human ST enzymes (ST3GAL1, ST6GAL1, ST8SIA2) showing promising activity and selectivity towards specific ST sub‐types. Our ST inhibitors are non‐toxic and show improved synthetic accessibility and drug‐likeness compared to earlier nucleoside‐based ST inhibitors.
CVO/TiO2 Heterojunction Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Arylamines via Oxidative Aromatization of Amines and Cyclohexenones
Authors: Xu Sen , Liang Zeyao , Guo Jiabao , Lin Ping , Huang Zezhao , Zhu Li , Yao Xiaoquan
Published: May 2024

A novel CVO/TiO2 heterojunction material has been prepared and used to catalyze the oxidative aromatization of amines and cyclohexenones under visible light irradiation, avoiding the use of noble metal catalysts and providing an environmentally friendly alternative for the synthesis of aromatic amines. The catalytic reaction uses oxygen as the final oxidant and provides good yields over a wide range of substrates. Notably, the recyclable heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalyst can be readily recovered and reused for at least four cycles. In addition, several biologically active molecules were successfully synthesized using the photocatalytic method.
Effect of Fluorine and Phosphorus Impurities in Phosphogypsum on Microstructure and Mechanism of α‐Type Hemihydrate Gypsum Crystals
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Shi Tianyao , Zhao Weidong , Li Yuefei
Published: May 2024

In this study, phosphogypsum (PG) is simulated by doping fluorine and phosphorus ions in an analytically pure reagent of gypsum dihydrate. The influence of fluorine and phosphorus impurity and content on the dehydration reaction process of phosphogypsum and its crystalline micromorphology is assessed during the preparation of α‐type gypsum hemihydrate in the reversed‐phase microemulsion system and its mechanism. The results show that when the fluorine content increases from 0 to 1.0 mol L−1 (ωNaF = 1.0 mol L−1), the dehydration process of dihydrate gypsum will be greatly slowed down. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that even a small amount of F− (ωNaF = 0.2 mol L−1) can significantly inhibit the formation of α‐type hemi‐hydrated gypsum. When ωH3PO4 = 0.10 mol L−1, the water of crystallization content in the solid phase of the sample decreased to 5.24% after 90 min, which is significantly lower than during the same period of the benchmark group. However, there is a threshold value for the effect of phosphorus on the microscopic morphology of the α‐type gypsum hemihydrate crystals, when ωH3PO4 ≤ 0.04 mol L−1, the crystal morphology is basically unaffected. Moreover, when ωH3PO4 continued to increase, the defects on the crystal surface increased.
Plasma emission spectroscopy diagnosis of a direct current reverse‐brush electrode discharge
Authors: Lyu Xingbao , Li Zhiyong , Ma Yiqun , Wang Ying , Yuan Chengxun , Kudryavtsev Anatoly , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: May 2024

In this work, emission spectra measurements from direct current (DC) reverse‐brush discharge plasmas were used to elucidate the energy level transition processes corresponding to each spectral line based on the mechanism of emission spectrum generation. The axial distribution patterns of the spectral line intensity and the electron excitation temperature in the electrode gap and post‐cathode space were systematically investigated. By comparing the acquired experimental results, it was observed that both the relative intensity of the plasma emission spectra and the electron excitation temperature in the electrode gap were higher than in the post‐cathode space, while their axial distribution trends exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. Additionally, the impact of the discharge gas pressure, reverse‐brush electrode thickness, and the number of electrode openings on the emission spectral line intensity and electron excitation temperature in the electrode gap were explored. Explanations for the underlying physical mechanisms were also provided.
Proposed regulations aim to make air travel more accessible
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2024

A new proposed rule regarding air travel could have indirect impacts on students with disabilities who require a wheelchair, especially students studying abroad and those utilizing airlines to travel to and from their institution on breaks, holidays, and so on. Announced by U.S. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg, the rule would “require that airlines meet rigorous standards for accommodating passengers with disabilities safely” (https://bit.ly/3xUcKls).
Overhauling technology can boost your students’ experiences
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: May 2024

The pandemic nearly broke the Metropolitan State University of Denver.
Service animals
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
A statistical integrative analysis method for microRNA and gene expression
Authors: Kodama Keita , Umezu Tomohiro , Fukuoka Yutaka
Published: May 2024

MicroRNA (miRNA), a type of non‐coding RNA, is known to suppress the expression of target genes and there is an increasing number of studies analyzing various miRNAs in cancer. In an integrated analysis of miRNA and gene expressions, it is often difficult to obtain a significant result with a small amount of data. In this study, we proposed a method that allows integrated analysis even with a small amount of miRNA and gene expression data, and examined its validity. The method is based on a group comparison between target genes having specific functions controlled by a specific miRNA and a background group of randomly selected genes. We conducted a simulation to verify the validity of the proposed method. The simulation results indicated that the method can detect significant differences in expression of target genes controlled by a miRNA showing significant expression change. We then applied the proposed method to real data derived from multiple myeloma cells. As a result, some functions were detected as significantly changed due to a significant change of miRNA.
Critical linkages among floodplain hydrology, geomorphology and ecology along a lowland meandering river, Illinois, USA
Authors: Shukla Tanya , Salas Chelsy R. , Pankau Ryan C. , Rhoads Bruce L.
Published: May 2024

The ecology of forested floodplains is intricately linked to river hydrology through the frequency, magnitude, timing and duration of floodplain inundation. Spatial variability in inundation characteristics is influenced by the geomorphic template of a floodplain, both in terms of the topography of floodplain features and connectivity of these features to the main river channel. Spatial variability in inundation, in turn, has the potential to produce spatial variability in forest ecological characteristics. This study examines the influence of floodplain geomorphic features on spatial variability in inundation frequency as well as the relationship between these geomorphic features and the ecological characteristics of a floodplain forest. The frequencies of floods of different magnitudes are determined from flow‐duration analysis of over 100 years of discharge data for a lowland meandering river in Illinois, USA. Data on discharge, stage, and topography are then used to calibrate a two‐dimensional hydraulic model of flow across the floodplain at different levels of inundation. Integrating the frequency and inundation data yields mapping of average annual inundation frequency for different parts of the floodplain. Significant differences in inundation frequency correspond to three distinct floodplain geomorphic features: secondary channels (frequency = 12%), closed depressions (frequency = 4%) and the floodplain surface (frequency = 3%). Tree density is similar among the three types of geomorphic features, but tree species composition and canopy density differ significantly between secondary channels and the floodplain surface. The results provide insight into linkages among hydrology, geomorphology and tree characteristics of forested floodplains of lowland meandering rivers.
Mo2B2O2MBene for Efficient Electrochemical CO Reduction to C2 Chemicals: Computational Exploration
Authors: Zhang Bikun , Jiang Jianwen
Published: May 2024

Emerging as a new class of two‐dimensional materials with atomically thin layers, MBenes have great potential for many important applications such as energy storage and electrocatalysis. Toward mitigating carbon footprint, there has been increasing interest in CO2/CO conversion on MBenes, but mostly focused on C1 products. C2+ chemicals generally possess higher energy densities and wider applications than C1 counterparts. However, C–C coupling is technically challenging because of high energy requirement and currently few catalysts are suited for this process. Here, we explore electrochemical CO reduction reaction to C2 chemicals on Mo2B2O2 MBene via density‐functional theory calculations. Remarkably, the most favorable CO–COH coupling is revealed to be a spontaneous and barrierless process, making Mo2B2O2 an efficient catalyst for C–C coupling. Among C1 and C2 chemicals, ethanol is predicted to be the primary product. Furthermore, by charge and bond analysis, it is unraveled that there exist significantly more unbonded electrons in the C atom of intermediate *COH than other C1 intermediates, which is responsible for the facile C–C coupling. From an atomic scale, this work provides microscopic insight into C–C coupling process and suggests Mo2B2O2 a promising catalyst for electrochemical CO reduction to C2 chemicals.
From social traditions to personalized routines: Maintenance goals as a resilience factor
Authors: Ecker Yael , Busch Alexandra W. , Schreiber Stefan , Imhoff Roland
Published: May 2024

We identified and tested a novel aspect of human resilience: The daily pursuit of maintenance goals. Taking inspiration from archaeological records, which point at routinized cultural practices as a central resilience factor, we tested whether personal routine practices, governed by maintenance goals, serve a similar function to individuals as traditional practices do to societies. Namely, we hypothesized that maintenance striving increases individuals’ resilient responses to stressful events. Confirming this prediction, a longitudinal Study 1 showed that maintenance striving but not avoidance striving, predicted subsequent increases in well‐being following the third wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany. Study 2 confirmed our predictions on trait resilience and maintenance versus avoidance motivations in the household and relationship life domains in cross‐sectional data. These studies contribute to the understanding of resilience by demonstrating the benefits of maintenance goals for both situational and trait‐level resilience.
Evaluation of a hybrid advanced oxidation process for removal of pirimicarb insecticide in aqueous media: Statistical optimization and estimation of electrical energy consumption
Authors: Ghavi Azam , Bagherian Ghadamali , Rezaei‐Vahidian Hadi
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the role of periodate and persulfate as inorganic oxidants were studied in presence of ultraviolet radiation and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a hybrid advanced oxidation photocatalytic processes for degradation and mineralization of the pirimicarb insecticide in aqueous media. The effects of several factors such as the ultraviolet irradiation, initial oxidant concentration, titanium dioxide nanoparticles dosage, and pH on the process performance were investigated. The process optimization was performed by the central composite design as a tools of response surface methodology for 30 mg L−1 of the insecticide initial concentration at 25°C and 10 min of degradation process. A degradation efficiency of about 86% and 85% have been obtained for the persulfate and periodate processes, respectively, in the optimum conditions. The mineralization efficiency of the process using persulfate and periodate were about 35% and 46% after 60 min, respectively. The kinetic studies show that both processes follow a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model and the rate constants were 0.1483 min−1 for the persulfate and 0.1152 min−1 for the periodate process. Generally, it can be concluded that this method is suitable for the degradation and mineralization of toxic aromatic compounds.