bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A versatile bacterial innate immunity protein directly senses two disparate phage proteins
Authors: Zhang Tong , Cepauskas Albinas , Nadieina Anastasiia , Thureau Aurelien , Coppieters 't Wallant Kyo , Martens Chloe , Lim Daniel C. , Garcia-Pino Abel , Laub Michael T
Published: May 2024

Eukaryotic innate immune systems use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to sense infection by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which then triggers an immune response. Bacteria have similarly evolved immunity proteins that sense certain components of their viral predators known as bacteriophages. Although different immunity proteins can recognize different phage-encoded triggers, individual bacterial immunity proteins have only been found to sense a single trigger during infection, suggesting a one-to-one relationship between bacterial PRRs and their ligands. Here, we demonstrate that the anti-phage defense protein CapRelSJ46inEscherichia colican directly bind and sense two completely unrelated and structurally different proteins using the same sensory domain, with overlapping but distinct interfaces. Our results highlight the remarkable versatility of an immune sensory domain, which may be a common property of anti-phage defense systems and enable them to keep pace with their rapidly evolving viral predators. We found that Bas11 phages harbor both trigger proteins that are sensed by CapRelSJ46during infection, and we demonstrate that such phage can only fully evade CapRelSJ46defense when both triggers are mutated. Our work reveals how a bacterial immune system that senses more than one trigger can help prevent phages from easily escaping detection, and it may allow detection of a broader range of phages. More generally, our findings illustrate unexpected multifactorial sensing by bacterial defense systems and complex coevolutionary relationships between them and their phage-encoded triggers.
Chloroquine Up-regulates Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Nguyen Hien C , Bu Shuhan , Wang Lynn , Singh Aman , Singh Krishna K
Published: May 2024

Background and Purpose: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) posed a serious threat to global public health. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which is a derivative of Chloroquine (CQ), was a WHO-recommended drug to treat COVID-19 with mixed effects. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the plausible mechanisms of HCQ actions behind its observed mixed effect. Key Results: We demonstrate that CQ-treatment significantly up-regulates mesenchymal markers and SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in cultured endothelial cells. Conclusions & Implications: The detrimental effect of HCQ in seriously ill COVID-19 patients might be due to CQ-induced increased expression of endothelial ACE2 exacerbating the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study warrants further investigation in animal models and humans and caution while prescribing HCQ to patients with an impaired renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, such as in hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, or chronic kidney disease; particularly with ACE-inhibitors or statin therapy.
Phase-contrast neutron imaging compared with wave propagation and McStas simulations
Authors: Naver Estrid Buhl , Bertelsen Mads , Østergaard Maja , Battaglia Domenico , Willendrup Peter , Trtik Pavel , Schmidt Søren , Birkedal Henrik , Kuhn LuiseTheil
Published: May 2024

Propagation-based phase contrast, for example in the form of edge enhancement contrast, is well established within X-ray imaging but is not widely used in neutron imaging. This technique can help increase the contrast of low-attenuation samples but may confuse quantitative absorption measurements. Therefore, it is important to understand the experimental parameters that cause and amplify or dampen this effect in order to optimize future experiments properly. Two simulation approaches have been investigated, a wave-based simulation and a particle-based simulation conducted in McStas [Willendrup & Lefmann (2020). J. Neutron Res.
22, 1–16], and they are compared with experimental data. The experiment was done on a sample of metal foils with weakly and strongly neutron absorbing layers, which were measured while varying the rotation angle and propagation distance from the sample. The experimental data show multiple signals: attenuation, phase contrast and reflection. The wave model reproduces the sample attenuation and the phase peaks but it does not reproduce the behavior of these peaks as a function of rotation angle. The McStas simulation agrees better with the experimental data, as it reproduces attenuation, phase peaks and reflection, as well as the change in these signals as a function of rotation angle and distance. This suggests that the McStas simulation approach, where the particle description of the neutron facilitates the incorporation of multiple effects, is the most convenient way of modeling edge enhancement in neutron imaging.
Architectural learning networks: a study on eliciting the learning agendas of architectural schools
Authors: Baloğlu Melis , Demir Yüksel
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how network theory and methods can provide insights into the forces shaping architectural learning agendas and knowledge construction in architectural schools.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology involves conceptualising learning as a constructivist process and the agenda as an interconnected network of actors, concepts and relations. Network analysis techniques, including centrality and brokerage metrics, are used to identify roles and knowledge flows using the data locally collected from Turkish universities as well as from the OpenSyllabus open-source database.

Findings

The analysis reveals the enduring influence of early modernists, signalling imbalanced canon formation in the architectural learning system. However, marginal voices highlight struggles in integrating unconventional perspectives. Limited integration of local figures indicates a consolidation of Eurocentric epistemes. Identifying these hidden forces is vital for reimagining learning agendas and socio-culturally engaged forms of learning. Pioneering figures demonstrate potential for synthesis when situated as brokers, not bifurcated schools.

Research limitations/implications

The outcomes are limited by the geographical and temporal boundaries of the data and the analysis method employed. Despite limitations, the diagnostic network framework reveals architectural learning as an open, contested ecosystem demanding pluralistic pedagogies concerning not only the global but the local, both canonical and marginal. Further research covering more data could enrich the understanding of qualitative complexities.

Practical implications

The network perspective prompts critical reflexivity about power, ideology and exclusion in knowledge construction. Strategic inclusion and diversification of voices provide pathways to bridge divides and ground learning locally.

Originality/value

This research offers a methodology model to examine forces and influences shaping architectural education by elucidating hidden and remote roles and knowledge gaps in learning agendas. Extending the techniques more widely can enable strategic interventions toward inclusive, impactful learning across disciplines, time and geographies.
Hotel booking intentions in the TikTok era: the role of online celebrity brand equity
Authors: Tran Phuong Kim Thi , Ho-Mai Nhi Thao , Nguyen Vien Ky , Do Uyen Thu Thi , Truong Thanh Ba , Tran Vinh Trung
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the pathway of increasing hotel booking intentions by mapping the linkage mechanism between the antecedents and components of brand equity to ultimately drive followers’ hotel booking intention. In addition, the role of over-endorsement as a moderating variable is also evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual model and research hypotheses were each assessed using covariance-based structural equation modeling. Paper-based and online surveys were used to collect data from 443 respondents who are TikTok users and follow at least one TikTok online celebrity, while that online celebrity must have reviewed at least one type of accommodation.

Findings

Except for the relationship between virtual interactivity and online celebrity brand image, the results confirmed the relationships between research concepts.

Research limitations/implications

Further studies are needed to validate the results in other cultural contexts, generalize findings and broaden the range of target respondents.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the hotel literature by illustrating how online celebrity brand equity (OCBE) drives hotel booking intentions. The study highlights the importance of antecedent factors – follower-centered drivers (e.g. lifestyle congruence, friendship) and online celebrity-led drivers (e.g. virtual interactivity, expertise) – to achieve a hierarchical relationship between OCBE components and followers’ booking intentions.
Women on board and business performance
Authors: Najaf Rabia , Chin Alice , Chin Agnes , Najaf Khakan , Thuraisingham Jeyanthi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the association between women on board and business performance. It also aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and female directors on stock prices, including the function of female directors in moderating the CSR–market performance link that ultimately provides valuable insights into the impact of gender diversity on corporate boards.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from US publicly listed firms between 2000 and 2018 were collected and analysed using OLS regression, median regression, M-estimator regression and MM-estimator regression at 70% and 95% efficiency. In this study, firm market value was measured through Tobin’s Q, board diversity with ISS database and CSR strength and concern with the KLD database.

Findings

The results indicated that CSR positively impacts market performance by 3.1%, female board representation positively influences market performance by 4.8% and female board members strengthen the CSR–market performance relationship by 1.0% while playing a moderating role. Overall, these studies demonstrated the significance of female boards of directors for enhancing market performance.

Research limitations/implications

This study used the data of US-listed firms from 2000 to 2018. The results have contributed to the ongoing discussion about the importance of gender diversity in boards and its influence on firm success. Further research works are suggested to expand the analysis by including other countries or considering additional factors that may influence the association between CSR, board representation of women and market share.

Practical implications

This study is essential for investors, legislators and CSR institutions in developed countries. The favourable impact of female board presence on market performance and the enhancement of the CSR–market performance relationship highlight the necessity of encouraging gender diversity on boards of directors and CSR activities.

Social implications

This study emphasises the significance of gender balance on corporate boards in solving important social challenges including climate change, resource scarcity and gender equality. Companies can actively assist in addressing global issues and improving the well-being of stakeholders by promoting gender-diverse boards and encouraging CSR efforts.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first study demonstrating that gender diversity on corporate boards moderates the significant association between CSR performance and profitability in the USA. It has contributed to the expanding body of information regarding the moderating influence of female directors on firm value and stronger evidence for female directors in the governance of businesses.
Intellectual capital and firm risk: evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Zaighum Isma , Abbas Qaiser , Batool Kinza , Bano Shehar , Sajjad Syed Murtaza
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Intellectual capital (IC) plays a pivotal role in determining corporate risk profiles in the contemporary knowledge era. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the impact of IC on firm risk (FR) among the manufacturing companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors have adopted the modified value-added intellectual model which combines human capital efficiency, structural capital efficiency, efficiency of capital employed and relational capital efficiency. FR has been used as the dependent variable, measured as the standard deviation of the daily stock prices. The study has used panel data from a sample of 40 manufacturing companies listed in the KSE-100 Index from 2015 to 2021.

Findings

The results suggest that IC has a significant impact on the FR of manufacturing companies listed on the benchmark index of PSX. Moreover, this relationship is direct; thus, an increase in IC would also increase FR measured by the change in stock prices.

Research limitations/implications

The current study has only used linear techniques. Future researchers may consider investigating the impact of IC at varying levels of FR using nonlinear techniques.

Practical implications

This study provides corporate managers and policymakers valuable insight into the need to strike a balance between investment in IC and their FR, particularly in an emerging market context.

Originality/value

IC is frequently associated with firm performance. However, the relationship between IC and FR has generally been underexplored. This study adds to the strand of limited IC literature by investigating the impact of a modified IC model on FR in an emerging economy.
Perceived inclusion climate for leader diversity: conceptualization and scale development
Authors: Gip Huy , Guchait Priyanko , Madera Juan M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Although existing literature emphasizes the significance of diversity and inclusion in management roles for employees, there is a notable absence of a standardized scale to assess employees’ perceptions of an inclusive climate, particularly in relation to practices that encourage acceptance of demographically diverse leaders. This study aims to bridge this gap by developing the perceived inclusion climate for leader diversity (PICLD) scale.

Design/methodology/approach

The scale development process was carried out in five phases which included: qualitative component (interviews); test for face validity; check for content validity; construct and criterion-related validity; and nomological network testing.

Findings

Following the first three phases of scale development, 12 measurement items were produced. Phase four results indicate that PICLD is distinct from both the intercultural group climate scale and diversity-oriented leadership scale, in which all three scales were found to be positively correlated with job satisfaction. Phase five results show that PICLD positively correlates with organizational justice. Organizational justice also mediates the relationship between PICLD and three employee outcomes (performance, engagement and turnover intention).

Practical implications

Organizations are encouraged to be open to suggestions made by managers from historically marginalized groups that motivate diverse leaders to voice their concerns to foster inclusionary climate perceptions among employees. Welcoming diverse managerial perspectives can dismantle systemic barriers, enabling marginalized leaders to thrive while fostering employees’ perceptions of an inclusionary workplace.

Originality/value

This study introduces the PICLD Scale to enhance comprehension of how policies supporting leader demographic diversity impact employee perceptions of inclusive climate. This research also contributes to the advancement of social exchange theory and literature on organizational justice, performance and engagement.
Capturing key interdependences among supply chain disruptions and mitigation strategies to enhance firm performance
Authors: Pellegrino Roberta , Gaudenzi Barbara , Qazi Abroon
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to capture the complex interdependences between supply chain disruptions (SCDs), SC risk mitigation strategies and firm performance in the context of disruptive events to enhance resilience for medium-sized and large firms coping with complex supply chain networks. The roles of digitalization, insurance and government support have also been addressed as potential strategies to counteract the impacts of disruptions on supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on an empirical investigation in an FMCG company – using a hybrid causal mapping technique based on the frameworks of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and Bayesian networks (BN) – of 11 levels of relationships between SCDs (in supply, production, logistics, demand and finance), SC risk mitigation strategies (flexibility, efficiency, agility and responsiveness), insurance, government support, information and knowledge sharing, digitalization and finally the key firm performance measures (continuity, quality and financial performance).

Findings

The results of the empirical investigation reveal and describe: (1) the nature and probabilistic quantification of the lower-level relationships among the four SCDs, among the mitigation strategies and the three firm performance measures; (2) the nature and probabilistic quantification of the higher-level relationships among the impacts of SCDs, SC risk mitigation strategies and firm performance and (3) how to model and quantify the complex interdependences in single firms and their supply chains.

Originality/value

Our results can support managers in developing more effective decision-making models to assess and manage unfavorable events and cascade effects among different functions and processes in the context of risks and disruptions.
HR innovation through inter-organizational HR collaboration
Authors: Koster Ferry
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Studies of inter-organizational relationships have traditionally overlooked the human resource management (HRM) field, with most research focusing on collaborations in the technical domain. This study endeavors to explore the impact of organizational human resources (HR) collaborations on HR innovativeness, drawing on theories about organizational learning capabilities to explain this connection. By analyzing the synergies arising from inter-organizational HR collaborations, this study aims to seek to shed light on the potential for HRM to contribute to organizational performance and foster innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on a quantitative survey conducted among 326 Dutch companies. The survey aims to find out whether these companies collaborate with other organizations on HR-related issues, the extent to which they renew their HRM function, and whether they apply organizational learning practices. The data collected for the survey are analyzed using Hayes PROCESS macro to investigate mediation effects.

Findings

As per the study, HR collaboration results in innovation. The research suggests that collaborating with HR across different organizations significantly contributes to HR innovation. This relationship can be explained by the inter-organizational learning practices that organizations adopt. Therefore, when organizations collaborate with each other, they learn from each other, which enhances their learning capabilities and ultimately leads to HR innovation.

Originality/value

This study delves into the extent to which organizations collaborate on HR-related issues, which is a relatively new field. Moreover, it contributes to the research on the connection between inter-organizational relationships and innovation by showing how much of it is explained by organizational learning.
A trajectory planning method for robotic arms based on improved dynamic motion primitives
Authors: Jia Xiaohui , Zhao Bin , Liu Jinyue , Zhang Shaolong
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Traditional robot arm trajectory planning methods have problems such as insufficient generalization performance and low adaptability. This paper aims to propose a method to plan the robot arm’s trajectory using the trajectory learning and generalization characteristics of dynamic motion primitives (DMPs).

Design/methodology/approach

This study aligns multiple demonstration motion primitives using dynamic time warping; use the Gaussian mixture model and Gaussian mixture regression methods to obtain the ideal primitive trajectory actions. By establishing a system model that improves DMPs, the parameters of the nonlinear function are learned based on the ideal primitive trajectory actions of the robotic arm, and the robotic arm motion trajectory is reproduced and generalized.

Findings

Experiments have proven that the robot arm motion trajectory learned by the method proposed in this article can not only learn to generalize and demonstrate the movement trend of the primitive trajectory, but also can better generate ideal motion trajectories and avoid obstacles when there are obstacles. The maximum Euclidean distance between the generated trajectory and the demonstration primitive trajectory is reduced by 29.9%, and the average Euclidean distance is reduced by 54.2%. This illustrates the feasibility of this method for robot arm trajectory planning.

Originality/value

It provides a new method for the trajectory planning of robotic arms in unstructured environments while improving the adaptability and generalization performance of robotic arms in trajectory planning.
Emerging trends of environmental accounting research: a science mapping approach
Authors: Nguyen Linh Thi Phuong , Aleenajitpong Natdanai , Boon-itt Sakun
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge structure for environmental accounting (EA) research by identifying research hotspots and frontiers and suggesting future trends for scholarly investigation.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the bibliometric method, the paper analyzed 321 academic articles and reviews in international journals from the Scopus database. Science mapping, including strategic diagrams, network analysis and thematic maps, was used to analyze the evolution of topics and to recommend future research trends.

Findings

EA research is an emerging trend. This study presents the landscape of EA research by constructing the “synthesis house of knowledge” in EA. Significant EA research areas were identified and future research trends were suggested based on the results.

Practical implications

This paper provides insights into the current state of EA research and identifies potential future research trends that can help scholars and experts develop and stimulate further advancement of the research in this field.

Social implications

Results may motivate policymakers and government agencies to formulate regulations to enforce appropriate corporate environmental strategies to better manage environmental costs and reduce community environmental impact.

Originality/value

The study provides an intellectually structured literature review of the EA research field; identifies the main themes through the innovative use of network analysis, strategic diagrams and thematic maps; highlights research gaps; and offers potential research questions and suggestions for future research. The novelty of this paper lies in the “synthesis house of knowledge” in EA and the research gaps and potential and specific research questions constructed from the findings.
Recent developments in higher education in Africa: partnerships for knowledge transformations
Authors: Jowi James Otieno
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper explores some of the recent developments and transformations in Africa's higher education.

Design/methodology/approach

It employs an extensive review of literature based on some dominant thematic areas characterizing the main trends and developments in Africa's higher education.

Findings

The paper mainly highlights the impacts of academic partnerships on these transformations, with a focus on research, postgraduate training, mobility and some new intra-African initiatives. Following the unprecedented effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, digitalization comes out as an important turning point for Africa's higher education, which should be exploited for more opportunities. The paper calls for collaborative efforts to address the challenges facing Africa's higher education for the repositioning of Africa as a meaningful player in the unfolding global knowledge society.

Practical implications

The outcomes could be useful to researchers focused on international education, policymakers and higher education leaders and international development partners working on higher education in Africa. It could also be useful for structuring future collaborations between Africa and other regions of the world.

Social implications

The paper calls for enhanced and mutually beneficial collaborations and disruption of the imbalances that have characterised North–South collaborations. It proposes some possible approaches and alternatives that could be used for redress.

Originality/value

The paper is original and relies on some of the new developments in Africa, including the impacts of COVID-19 and digitalization on the future of higher education collaborations with Africa.
Procurement contract design for distributed photovoltaic project considering output risk under asymmetric production effort information
Authors: Bai Lian , Cai Dong
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Distributed photovoltaic (DPV) projects generally have output risks, and the production effort of the supplier is often private information, so the buyer needs to design the optimal procurement contract to maximise its procurement utility.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the principal-agent theory, we design optimal procurement contracts for DPV projects with fixed payments and incentive factors under three situations, i.e. symmetry information, asymmetry information without monitoring and asymmetry information with monitoring. We obtain the optimal production effort and expected utility of the supplier, the expected output and expected utility of the buyer and analyse the value of the information and monitoring.

Findings

The results show that under asymmetric information without monitoring, risk-averse suppliers need to take some risk due to output risk, which reduces the optimal production effort of the supplier and the expected output and expected utility of the buyer. Therefore, when the monitoring cost is below a certain threshold value, the buyer can introduce a procurement contract with monitoring to address the asymmetry information. In addition, under asymmetric information without monitoring, the buyer should choose a supplier with a low-risk aversion.

Originality/value

Considering the output risk of DPV projects, we study the optimal procurement contract design for the buyer under asymmetric information. The results provide some theoretical basis and management insights for the buyer to design optimal procurement contracts in different situations.
Unemployment during the COVID-19 pandemic: mental health, quality of life and labour market outcome in Nigeria
Authors: Akunna Lucyann Chikaodinaka , Osakede Uche Abamba , Adenikinju Olayinka Omolara
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of unemployment during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, quality of life and the labour market outcome across North and Southern Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was obtained from staff laid off in selected tertiary institutions in North East and South West Nigeria using a self-administered questionnaire with a total sample size of 185. Findings are shown using the heteroscedastic linear regression and descriptive statistics.

Findings

The results showed a significant negative effect of unemployment during the pandemic on mental health and quality of life. Less than half of those laid off are reabsorbed into the labour market with the majority in the South than the Northern region and most are in self-employment.

Practical implications

The coronavirus pandemic negatively affected the human race, with a huge socio-economic impact linked to health and well-being. This reality calls for attention to the role it played on mental health and the quality of life as well as how it has influenced the labour market. Labour empowerment during a pandemic is key to cushion the effect of pandemics on health and the labour market. This can be in the form of skill empowerment and increased access to funds for business start-ups to enable self-employment that typifies the labour market after a pandemic. This in turn will reduce mental health challenges and low quality of life associated with pandemics.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is the first in the literature that provides empirical evidence of the effect of unemployment during the pandemic on well-being captured using mental health and the quality of life in Nigeria. Findings on labour market outcomes due to the pandemic and across regions in Nigeria are also scarce in the literature.
Development of shake powdered food with cocoa, mesquite pod flour, oak extract and agave fructans, quality characteristics and glycemic index
Authors: De Santiago-Romero Jennifer Aracely , Salas-Ramírez Carlos Alonso , Herrera-Rocha Karen Marlenne , Rocha-Guzmán Nuria Elizabeth , Rivas Arreola María José , Gallegos-Infante José Alberto , González-Herrera Silvia Marina , Moreno-Jiménez Martha Rocio , Galindo-Gallegos María Alejandra
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to development of a new chocolate-flavored powdered food supplement enriched with mesquite pod flour, oak extract and agave fructans, with proper sensory characteristics as well as its physicochemical and glycemic quality.

Design/methodology/approach

A powdered shake was formulated using experimental design (23) with mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) pod flour, oak (Quercus convallata) extracts, nonalkalinized cocoa, agave fructans, milk protein and xanthan gum. Sensory analysis (choice profile method, ranking test, focus group, quantitative descriptive analysis), moisture, ash, fiber, protein and lipids, pH, color, wettability, dispersibility and rheological tests were done. Phenolic profiling analysis to samples was done by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation, ferric reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load were evaluated.

Findings

The main sensory attributes in the powders were chocolate, bitter, astringent, grass/linseed flavors (p < 0.05). The product has protein [66.9%], carbohydrates [22.0%], lipids [1.6%], ash [2.7%] and moisture [6.8%], with wettability (23 s), and dispersibility of 77.9%. Catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, procyanidin B2, chlorogenic, coumaric and ferulic acids were identified. GI and caloric load not show differences between men (73.3±2.4, 4.4±0.1) and women (67.0±2.1, 4.1±0.1) (p > 0.05).

Originality/value

The use of mesquite pods, oak and agave fructans in powder food supplement is an alternative to obtain a product high in protein, with good sensory properties, antioxidant activity and moderate GI.
Climate change disclosure performance and audit fees: evidence from Australia
Authors: Alshahrani Faisal , Eulaiwi Baban , Duong Lien , Taylor Grantley
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between climate change disclosure performance (CCDP) and audit pricing. The moderating effect of corporate governance characteristics on that relationship is also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of top 300 Australian Securities Exchange listed non-financial firms over the period 2008–2019, this study investigates the association between CCDP and audit fees. The findings are robust to a difference-in-difference test thereby alleviating potential endogeneity concerns.

Findings

CCDP is found to be significantly positively related to external auditor fees.

Research limitations/implications

The findings show some important implications for firm management, regulators, investors and auditors. This study presents empirical evidence that climate change, as a factor of external risk, influences audit fees.

Practical implications

Firms with governance structures characterized by larger more independent boards, larger audit committees and audit committees with a higher level of independence significantly moderate the relationship between CCDP and audit fees.

Social implications

Investors’ demand for firm transparency and disclosure of information regarding the risks of climate change, effects and opportunities has increased significantly over the past decade, as these factors could have a significant effect on valuation and investment decisions.

Originality/value

Importantly, stakeholders need to be aware of the costs of climate change, the quantification of climate change impacts and how firms address climate change in their business risk management processes. This study quantifies the impact of CCDP on auditor risk assessments via audit fees.
Enhancement of soil aggregation and physical properties through fungal amendments under varying moisture conditions
Authors: Angulo Violeta , Bleichrodt Robert‐Jan , Dijksterhuis Jan , Erktan Amandine , Hefting Mariet M. , Kraak Bart , Kowalchuk George A.
Published: May 2024

Soil structure and aggregation are crucial for soil functionality, particularly under drought conditions. Saprobic soil fungi, known for their resilience in low moisture conditions, are recognized for their influence on soil aggregate dynamics. In this study, we explored the potential of fungal amendments to enhance soil aggregation and hydrological properties across different moisture regimes. We used a selection of 29 fungal isolates, recovered from soils treated under drought conditions and varying in colony density and growth rate, for single‐strain inoculation into sterilized soil microcosms under either low or high moisture (≤−0.96 and –0.03 MPa, respectively). After 8 weeks, we assessed soil aggregate formation and stability, along with soil properties such as soil water content, water hydrophobicity, sorptivity, total fungal biomass and water potential. Our findings indicate that fungal inoculation altered soil hydrological properties and improved soil aggregation, with effects varying based on the fungal strains and soil moisture levels. We found a positive correlation between fungal biomass and enhanced soil aggregate formation and stabilization, achieved by connecting soil particles via hyphae and modifying soil aggregate sorptivity. The improvement in soil water potential was observed only when the initial moisture level was not critical for fungal activity. Overall, our results highlight the potential of using fungal inoculation to improve the structure of agricultural soil under drought conditions, thereby introducing new possibilities for soil management in the context of climate change.
Specificities and commonalities of the Planctomycetes plasmidome
Authors: Quiñonero‐Coronel María del Mar , Devos Damien Paul , Garcillán‐Barcia M. Pilar
Published: May 2024

Plasmids, despite their critical role in antibiotic resistance and modern biotechnology, are understood in only a few bacterial groups in terms of their natural ecological dynamics. The bacterial phylum Planctomycetes, known for its unique molecular and cellular biology, has a largely unexplored plasmidome. This study offers a thorough exploration of the diversity of natural plasmids within Planctomycetes, which could serve as a foundation for developing various genetic research tools for this phylum. Planctomycetes plasmids encode a broad range of biological functions and appear to have coevolved significantly with their host chromosomes, sharing many homologues. Recent transfer events of insertion sequences between cohabiting chromosomes and plasmids were also observed. Interestingly, 64% of plasmid genes are distantly related to either chromosomally encoded genes or have homologues in plasmids from other bacterial groups. The planctomycetal plasmidome is composed of 36% exclusive proteins. Most planctomycetal plasmids encode a replication initiation protein from the Replication Protein A family near a putative iteron‐containing replication origin, as well as active type I partition systems. The identification of one conjugative and three mobilizable plasmids suggests the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer via conjugation within this phylum. This comprehensive description enhances our understanding of the plasmidome of Planctomycetes and its potential implications in antibiotic resistance and biotechnology.
Making robots matter in dementia care: Conceptualising the triadic interaction between caregiver, resident and robot animal
Authors: Persson Marcus , Iversen Clara , Redmalm David
Published: May 2024

While previous research studies have focused on either caregivers’ or residents’ perception and use of social robots, this article offers an empirical and theoretical examination of joint activities in triadic human–robot interaction. The symptomatology of dementia creates an asymmetrical relation wherein the impetus to employ a robot often originates from the caregiver. Drawing on field work and video recorded interactions in dementia care homes, the article investigates how caregivers draw on embodied resources to involve residents and robot animals in interaction. The analysis demonstrates how caregivers promote commitment and encounter resistance with residents. We draw on the theory of sociomaterial interactionism to study situated interaction between bodies in a meaning‐generating process. By re‐conceptualising the theoretical notions of manipulation and recruitment, the article offers an approach for studying orientations that distinguish between reciprocity of agential objects. We show that caregivers usually distinguish between interactions with people and machines by anticipating a specific response from the robots (manipulation), while they invite participation in a broader sense from residents (recruitment). Social friction arises, however, if caregivers act upon the residents as embodied objects in manipulative ways.
Oxidation and degradation kinetics of lactic butter supplemented with Myrtus communis essential oils
Authors: Mertoglu Tuba Simsek , Keceli Turkan Mutlu
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate lipid oxidation/degradation kinetics of lactic butter manufactured from heat‐treated and cultured cream, supplemented with Myrtus communis essential oils and stored at 4°C. Lipid oxidation followed zero‐order, while vitamin degradation followed first‐order reaction kinetics in fresh lactic butter. Optimising heat treatments of the cream at 70°C and 80°C for 30 s and using M. communis EOs reduced lipid oxidation and α‐tocopherol degradation (P ≤ 0.05) of lactic butter samples. It was concluded that M. communis EOs is effective as antioxidant as compared to synthetic ascorbyl palmitate for improving stability of lactic butter.
Validation and development of eDNA metabarcoding primers for comprehensive assessment of Chinese amphibians
Authors: WU Dongyi , LEE Pingshin , CHEN Hongman , YAN Fang , HUANG Jiayue , HE Yanhong , WU Ruiyao , YUAN Zhiyong
Published: May 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a powerful, non‐invasive tool for biodiversity assessments. However, the accuracy and limitations of these assessment techniques are highly dependent on the choice of primer pairs being used. Although several primer sets have been used in eDNA metabarcoding studies of amphibians, there are few comparisons of their reliability and efficiency. Here, we employed lab‐ and field‐tested sets of publicly available and de novo‐designed primers in amplifying 83 species of amphibian from all three orders (Anura, Caudata, and Gymnophiona) and 13 families present in China to evaluate the versatility and specificity of these primers sets in amphibian eDNA metabarcoding studies. Three pairs of primers were highly effective, as they could successfully amplify all the major clades of Chinese amphibians in our study. A few non‐amphibian taxa were also amplified by these primers, which implies that further optimization of amphibian‐specific primers is still needed. The simultaneous use of three primer sets can completely cover all the species obtained by conventional survey methods and has even effectively distinguished quite a number of species (n = 20) in the Wenshan National Nature Reserve. No single primer set could individually detect all of the species from the studied region, indicating that multiple primers might be necessary for a comprehensive survey of Chinese amphibians. Besides, seasonal variations in amphibian species composition were also revealed by eDNA metabarcoding, which was consistent with traditional survey methods. These results indicate that eDNA metabarcoding has the potential to be a powerful tool for studying spatial and temporal community changes in amphibian species richness.
Learning the party line: The paradox of politics and Cambodian schools
Authors: Estes Jennifer
Published: May 2024

This article examines the paradoxical relationship between state schools and political parties in Cambodia. To gain electoral support, the ruling Cambodian People's Party controls donations to schools, teachers' behavior, and extracurricular activities. Yet schools simultaneously provide spaces for youth to develop a generational identity that encourages skepticism of the party. I suggest that focusing on political parties provides an important means for analyzing how schooling is connected to configurations of power, particularly in authoritarian contexts.
High prevalence of copy number variations in the Japanese participants with suspected MODY
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Akagawa Hiroyuki , Azuma Kenkou , Higuchi Sayaka , Ujiie Atsushi , Hashimoto Koshi , Iwasaki Naoko
Published: May 2024

Maturity‐Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a diabetes mellitus subtype caused by a single gene. The detection rate of the responsible gene is 27% in the United Kingdom, indicating that the causative gene remains unknown in the majority of clinically diagnosed MODY cases. To improve the detection rate, we applied comprehensive genetic testing using whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and functional analyses. Twenty‐one unrelated Japanese participants with MODY were enrolled in the study. To detect copy number variations (CNVs), WES was performed first, followed by MLPA analysis for participants who were negative on the basis of WES. Undetermined variants were analyzed according to their functional properties. WES identified 7 pathogenic and 3 novel likely pathogenic variants in the 21 participants. Functional analyses revealed that 1 in 3 variants was pathogenic. MLPA analysis applied to the remaining 13 undetermined samples identified 4 cases with pathogenic CNVs: 3 in HNF4A and 1 in HNF1B. Pathogenic variants were identified in 12 participants (12/21, 57.1%) – relatively high rate reported to date. Notably, one‐third of the participants had CNVs in HNF4A or HNF1B, indicating a limitation of WES‐only screening.
Diagnose und Therapie aktinischer Keratosen
Authors: Thamm Janis Raphael , Welzel Julia , Schuh Sandra
Published: May 2024

Aktinische Keratosen (AK) sind frühe kutane Plattenepithelkarzinome (PEK) in situ. Chronische UV‐Exposition der Haut und weitere individuelle Faktoren wie anhaltende Immunsuppression sind Risikofaktoren für ihre Entwicklung und maligne Transformation. Weniger das klinische Erscheinungsbild (Olsen I–III) der AK als vielmehr histologische Kriterien wie basale Zellatypien (AK I) und basale Keratinozytenproliferation (PRO‐Score) scheinen das Risiko einer malignen Transformation zu bestimmen. Allerdings werden auf Grund der Invasivität der Probebiopsie diese histologischen Kriterien nicht regelhaft bestimmt. Nichtinvasive bildgebende Verfahren, wie die optische Kohärenztomographie (OCT) und die konfokale Lasermikroskopie (KLM), können bei der klinischen Differenzierung zwischen AK, Morbus Bowen und PEK helfen. Die konfokale Line‐Field‐OCT (LC‐OCT) ermöglicht darüber hinaus bei zellulärer Auflösung die nichtinvasive Bestimmung des PRO‐Score. Zur Therapie der AK sind sowohl läsions‐ als auch feldgerichtete Verfahren zugelassen. Sie müssen unter Berücksichtigung individueller Risikofaktoren und Präferenzen des Patienten ausgewählt werden. Allerdings treten in bis zu 85% der Fälle behandelter AK innerhalb eines Jahres Rezidive auf. Inwieweit diese bildgebenden Technologien geeignet sind, die nichtinvasive Nachsorge von AK zu ermöglichen und Rezidive beziehungsweise invasiven Progress frühzeitig zu erkennen, muss in weiteren klinischen Studien evaluiert werden.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and clinical outcomes in dialysis patients
Authors: Torino Claudia , Carbone Federico , Pizzini Patrizia , Mezzatesta Sabrina , D'Arrigo Graziella , Gori Mercedes , Liberale Luca , Moriero Margherita , Michelauz Cristina , Frè Federica , Isoppo Simone , Gavoci Aurora , La Rosa Federica , Scuricini Alessandro , Tirandi Amedeo , Ramoni Davide , Mallamaci Francesca , Tripepi Giovanni , Montecucco Fabrizio , Zoccali Carmine
Published: May 2024

Background

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a factor accelerating the degradation of LDL receptors, was associated with a gender‐dependent risk for cardiovascular (CV) events in the general population and with all‐cause and CV mortality in two relatively small studies in black Africans and South Korean haemodialysis patients. The effect modification by gender was untested in these studies.

Methods

The study enrolled 1188 dialysis patients from the Prospective Registry of The Working Group of Epidemiology of Dialysis Region Calabria (PROGREDIRE) cohort. PCSK9 was measured by colorimetric enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The primary outcomes were all‐cause and CV mortality. Statistical analysis included Cox regression analysis and effect modification analysis.

Results

During a median 2.9‐year follow‐up, out of 494 deaths, 278 were CV‐related. In unadjusted analyses, PCSK9 levels correlated with increased all‐cause (HRfor1ln unit increase: 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.43, p =.008) and CV mortality (HRfor1ln unit increase: 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.54, p =.03). After multivariate adjustment, these associations were no longer significant (all‐cause mortality, HRfor 1 ln unit increase: 1.16, 95% CI .99–1.36, p =.07; CV mortality, HRfor1ln unit increase: 1.18, 95% CI .95–1.46, p =.14). However, in fully adjusted interaction analyses, a doubling in the risk of this outcome in women was registered (Women, HRfor1ln unit increase: 1.88, 95% CI 1.27–2.78, p =.002; Men, HRfor1ln unit increase: 1.07, 95% CI .83–1.38, p =.61; p for effect modification: .02).

Conclusions

PCSK9 levels are unrelated to all‐cause mortality in haemodialysis patients but, like in studies of the general population, independently of other risk factors, entail a doubling in the risk of CV events in women in this population.