bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weathering, Drugs, and Whack-a-Mole: Fundamental and Proximate Causes of Widening Educational Inequity in U.S. Life Expectancy by Sex and Race, 1990–2015
Authors: Geronimus Arline T. , Bound John , Waidmann Timothy A. , Rodriguez Javier M. , Timpe Brenden
Published: June 2019

Discussion of growing inequity in U.S. life expectancy increasingly focuses on the popularized narrative that it is driven by a surge of “deaths of despair.” Does this narrative fit the empirical evidence? Using census and Vital Statistics data, we apply life-table methods to calculate cause-specific years of life lost between ages 25 and 84 by sex and educational rank for non-Hispanic blacks and whites in 1990 and 2015. Drug overdoses do contribute importantly to widening inequity for whites, especially men, but trivially for blacks. The contribution of suicide to growing inequity is unremarkable. Cardiovascular disease, non-lung cancers, and other internal causes are key to explaining growing life expectancy inequity. Results underline the speculative nature of attempts to attribute trends in life-expectancy inequity to an epidemic of despair. They call for continued investigation of the possible weathering effects of tenacious high-effort coping with chronic stressors on the health of marginalized populations.
Developing the Pedagogical Capabilities of Elementary Mathematics Specialists during a K-5 Mathematics Endorsement Program
Authors: Myers Kayla D. , Swars Auslander Susan , Smith Stephanie Z. , Smith Marvin E. , Fuentes Debra S.
Published: June 2019

This mixed-methods study explored the pedagogical practices of Prospective Elementary Mathematics Specialists (PEMSs) as they completed a university K-5 Mathematics Endorsement program. Participants were 13 elementary teachers at an urban, high-needs charter school. Data were collected via individual interviews, written reflections on enacted teaching practices, two observations of classroom teaching practices, and a 36-item Cognitively Guided Instruction Teacher Knowledge Assessment. The findings show the PEMSs were connecting their learning during program courses with instructional practices in their classrooms, as 85% were implementing standards-based learning environments (SBLEs) at a high level, with the classroom event of providing their students opportunities to make conjectures about mathematical ideas as a relative struggle. The PEMSs described pedagogical shifts across the program, providing insights into these changes, along with how particular program components contributed, with the emergent themes of skepticism, trying it on, shifters, and need more support.
Concurrent Treatment for PTSD and Prolonged Grief Disorder: Review of Outcomes for Exposure- and Nonexposure-Based Treatments
Authors: Eddinger Jasmine R. , Hardt Madeleine M. , Williams Joah L.
Published: June 2019

This review gives an overview of treatments used to concurrently reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and prolonged grief disorder (PGD). For purposes of this review, emphasis is placed on locating and comparing literature on exposure- and nonexposure-based treatments. Across 14 studies, the overall findings suggest that treatments are generally effective in treating PTSD and PGD concurrently and that treatments incorporating exposure-based components performed similarly to those without exposure-based components. However, methodological limitations preclude the ability to draw firm conclusions about the added impact of exposure-based components in traumatic grief treatment. Future directions for research on concurrent treatments for PTSD and PGD are discussed.
Bidirectional Socialization: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model of Internet Self-Efficacy and digital Media Influence Between Parents and Children
Authors: Nelissen S. , Kuczynski L. , Coenen L. , Van den Bulck J.
Published: June 2019

Media researchers have studied how parents and children influence and guide each other’s media use. Although parent and child socialization and influence are thought to be bidirectional, they are usually studied separately, with an emphasis on parental socialization, influence, and guidance of the child’s media use. In this article, we present results from a study that investigates perceived bidirectional digital media socialization between parents and children from the same household ( N = 204 parent-child dyads). This study simultaneously tested parent-to-child and child-to-parent influence using the actor-partner interdependence model to examine the association between perceived Internet self-efficacy and perceived digital media influence. Although the results showed significant cross-sectional actor and partner effects for Internet self-efficacy and perceived digital media influence, these effects largely disappeared in a longitudinal setting.
“As in a Civics Text Come to Life”: The East Brooklyn Congregations’ Nehemiah Housing Plan and “Citizens Power” in the 1980s
Authors: Deslippe Dennis
Published: June 2019

In the early 1980s the East Brooklyn Congregations (EBC) began to build the first of 4,500 affordable, single-family homes, known as Nehemiah Houses. This essay examines how the EBC’s many trained local clergy and lay church members forged a potent body of ideas that drew on civic republicanism, nineteenth century populism, and the rich religious traditions of neighborhood churches to bring about the localization of author and decision making in the Plan’s rationale, design, building, process, and price. I argue that, as a “citizens power organization,” it succeeded in countering neoliberal solutions to urban decline that focused on privatization, deregulation, and subsidies to private developers. The adoption of the Nehemiah Plan elsewhere illustrates the cross-fertilization among citizen power organizations. In turn, the EBC took up new projects for East Brooklyn, including a living wage campaign launched first in Baltimore in the early 1990s.
On the inefficiency of negative feedback in Russian morphology L1 acquisition
Authors: Kulinich Elena , Royle Phaedra , Valois Daniel
Published: June 2019

This study investigates negative feedback effects on inflectional morphology acquisition in Russian. In order to examine the effects of adult feedback on child error elimination and assess the lasting effect of feedback, a series of elicited tasks was conducted with 65 Russian children aged from 3 to 4 years. Twelve verbs which undergo overregularization in the non-past tense resulting from applying the yod /j/-pattern were used as stimuli. The experiment was repeated over four sessions with bi-weekly intervals between sessions 1, 2, 3 and a four-week interval between sessions 3 and 4. Four groups of participants were formed with three types of feedback (Correction, Clarification Question and Repetition), and a control group without feedback. No significant differences were observed between groups with different feedback types, or even without feedback. This finding supports the general hypothesis that negative feedback is not a strong driver of recovery from overregularization errors in verb acquisition.
The Difference in the Clinical Features Between Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma and Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Seok Jungirl , Hyun Se Jin , Jeong Woo-Jin , Ahn Soon-Hyun , Kim Hyojin , Jung Young Ho
Published: June 2019

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) arises from the primary or recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features that could be referenced in the differentiation. The medical records of 221 patients with pleomorphic adenoma and 15 patients with CXPA were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, and surgical pathology were analyzed. Patients with CXPA were older (55.1 vs 42.3; P < .01). Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma was observed at higher rates in the minor salivary glands (24.9% vs 2.7%) and higher incidence of regional lymph node enlargement ( P = .04). While all CXPA showed a low-to-intermediate mean apparent diffusion coefficient value (ADC), most of pleomorphic adenoma had an intermediate-to-high ( P = .01). From this study, the following features should be considered as the clinical features of CXPA: (1) old age; (2) minor salivary gland tumor; (3) regional lymph node enlargement (>5 mm); and (4) low ADC findings.
Induced Social Power Improves Visual Working Memory
Authors: Hadar Britt , Luria Roy , Liberman Nira
Published: June 2019

The possibility that social power improves working memory relative to conditions of powerlessness has been invoked to explain why manipulations of power improve performance in many cognitive tasks. Yet, whether power facilitates working memory performance has never been tested directly. In three studies, we induced high or low sense of power using the episodic recall task and tested participants’ visual working memory capacity. We found that working memory capacity estimates were higher in the high-power than in the low-power condition in the standard change-detection task (Study 1), in a variation of the task that introduced distractors alongside the targets (Study 2), and in a variation that used real-world objects (Study 3). Studies 2 and 3 also tested whether high power improved working memory relative to low power by enhancing filtering efficiency, but did not find support for this hypothesis. We discuss implications for theories of both power and working memory.
Elusive Domination and the Fate of Critique in Neo-participative Management: A French Pragmatist Approach
Authors: Daudigeos Thibault , Edwards Tim , Jaumier Stéphane , Pasquier Vincent , Picard Hélène
Published: June 2019

In this theoretical paper we investigate how domination has adapted to the new social settings of a flexible and pluralist economy. Building on French pragmatic sociology, we propose an understanding of organizational domination whereby workers are enabled and encouraged to overtly express critique, yet work is nevertheless effectively obtained from dominated actors. Domination is here mainly understood as a system through which workers are engaged in action despite critiquing that action. We propose the concept of elusive domination as a combination of three mechanisms that undermine critique’s capacity to influence organizational power arrangements. First, ideological plasticity allows elusive domination to disarm critique by depriving it of its argument. Next, a combination of fast-changing rules and sacrosanct conventions prevents critique from settling, and thus deprives it of its object. Finally, emotions displayed in the workplace are filtered. The encouragement of positive and constructive critique coupled with the repression of uncomfortable feelings deprives critique of its source of indignation. The consequences of such developments for current debates on organizational domination are discussed.
Dynamic CT angiography for therapy evaluation after transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Saake Marc , Seuss Hannes , Hammon Matthias , Ellmann Stephan , May Matthias , Uder Michael , Schmid Axel
Published: June 2019

Background

Liver dynamic computed tomography (CT) is an established method for pre- and post-interventional evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma. To date only the liver parenchyma and perfusion information of dynamic CT has been evaluated widely.

Purpose

To evaluate the vascular information contained in dynamic CT datasets.

Material and Methods

Dynamic CT performed one day after transarterial chemoembolization (60 mL of contrast medium, 6 mL/s, 40 s scan duration) were retrospectively evaluated. Conventional slice and angiographic maximum-intensity-projection reconstructions were calculated on a multi-modality post-processing platform. Datasets were evaluated for viable tumor, anatomy of the vasculature, and potential tumor-feeding vessels. The results were compared to digital subtraction angiography images.

Results

In total, 94 treated hepatocellular carcinoma nodules were evaluated (62 dynamic CT scans, 46 patients [34 men; mean age = 69 years]). Forty-six partially viable tumors were diagnosed after transarterial chemoembolization. In all of these, tumor-feeding vessels were found in dynamic CT. Seventeen suspected extra-hepatic tumor feeders were reported, of which 14 had not been found during previous transarterial chemoembolization.

Conclusion

Dynamic CT is useful in post-interventional imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization due to its ability to detect residual viable tumor parts and to show previously unknown intra- and extra-hepatic tumor-feeding vessels.
Safety and cost analysis of early discharge following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Shihong , Li Zhizhong , Hou Xuejian , Sun Junping , Kang Lihui , Cheng Yutong , Tao Ying , Li Zhao , Chen Xuanzu , Zhang Donghua , Yan Xianliang , Wang Su , Gao Yulong , Wang Qian , Lin Yun , Yin Chengqian , Zhang Jingmei , Gao Yun , Huang Ji , Wu Xiangyu , Li Nan , Su Wang , Liu Honghong , Sun Tao
Published: June 2019

Objective

To evaluate the safety and cost of early discharge compared with ordinary discharge in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 474 patients with DM who were discharged from hospital following PCI at a regional center between 2012 and 2015.

Results

A total of 192 patients (40.5%) were included in the early discharge group and 282 patients (59.5%) were included in the ordinary group. Mortality and morbidity after PCI were recorded. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed similar prognosis between the two groups at 30 days and at 1 year after discharge. However, hospitalization expenses for the regular discharge group were significantly higher than those of the early discharge group (RMB65,750 vs. RMB50,983).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that early discharge of patients with DM following PCI for acute coronary syndrome is safe compared with ordinary discharge, and may reduce hospitalization costs.
With or without class: Resolving Marx’s Janus-faced interpretation of worker-owned cooperatives
Authors: Ji Minsun
Published: June 2019

To shed light on polarized perspectives regarding the virtues or downfalls of worker cooperatives among variants of Marxists, this article focuses on Marx’s own Janus-faced analysis of worker cooperatives. Marx had great faith in the radical potential of worker cooperatives, properly organized and politically oriented, but he also was greatly critical of the tendency of cooperatives to shrink their political horizons and become isolated from broader labor movements. Although thinkers in the Marxist tradition criticize worker cooperatives when they operate as isolated circles of ‘collective capitalists’ within the existing capitalist system, Marx himself saw important potential in the cooperative movement, to the extent that it was integrated into broader campaigns for social change. Marx believed that cooperatives could help point the way to an alternative system of free and equal producers, and could prompt radical imaginings among their advocates, but only to the extent that cooperative practitioners recognized the need for class-conscious, industrial scale organizing of workers against the capitalist system. In the end, Marx did not so much focus on promoting a certain type of labor organization as being most conducive to transformation (e.g. worker cooperatives or labor unions). Rather, he focused more on the importance of class consciousness within labor organizing, and on the development of radicalized class consciousness among workers, whether through the expansion of labor unions, worker cooperatives, or any other institution of worker empowerment. It is the nature of a labor institution’s focus on developing and sustaining class consciousness, not the nature of the labor institution itself (i.e. cooperative or union), that Marx believed to most powerfully shape the radical or degenerative tendencies of local forms of labor activism.
Extracting Horizontal Curvature Data from GIS Maps: Clustering Method
Authors: Bartin Bekir , Ozbay Kaan , Xu Chuan
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the use of a clustering method for automatically estimating horizontal curvature data and crash modification factors (CMFs) using Geographic Information System (GIS) roadway shapefiles. The clustering method identifies distinct sections on a roadway, either curved or tangent, based on the proximity of the approximated curvature values of data points from GIS roadway centerline shapefiles, and calculates horizontal curvature data and the corresponding CMFs. The results of the clustering method are compared with two other methods: (1) the mobile access vehicle method based on field GPS measurements and (2) the manual data extraction method based on satellite images. The comparison was conducted on a total of 24.7 mi of four NJ rural two-lane roads. The results showed that the CMFs estimated by the clustering method were within 12.2 and 15.5% of the ones produced by the mobile asset vehicle and the manual data extraction method, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity of the manually extracted horizontal curvature data was examined by conducting three additional independent trials. The average percent difference in the calculated CMFs between trials was 15.5%. This study therefore concludes that the clustering method can produce CMF estimates as accurate as the two other methods method much more efficiently in relation to time and money.
Circulation Increases Follow Investments in Newsrooms
Authors: St. Cyr Charles , Lacy Stephen , Guzman-Ortega Susana
Published: June 2019

This analysis of data shows a positive relationship between newsroom investment in 1984 and the percentage change in circulation five years later at daily newspapers with more than 25,000 circulation.
Changes in Ownership Affect Quality of Oshkosh Paper
Authors: Maguire Miles
Published: June 2019

A content analysis of the Oshkosh Northwestern suggests that ownership and ownership structure do matter and are associated with changes in the quality and quantity of coverage.
How Race and Gender Stereotypes Influence Help-Seeking for Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Monterrosa Allison E.
Published: June 2019

This qualitative study investigated how stereotypes affect help-seeking behaviors for women in abusive relationships. It consisted of in-depth interviews of 15 female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV): five White and 10 African American women. It compared and contrasted the ways in which internalized stereotypes affected the IPV-related help-seeking of African American women and White women. The findings indicated that African American women were affected by the “strong Black woman” stereotype, did not utilize formal institutions for help, and instead, turned to close family and friends for support. White women were affected by stereotypes about IPV victims, felt less strain associated with utilizing formal support systems, and also utilized informal support networks. Results are interpreted and recommendations are developed through an intersectional Black feminist criminological theoretical framework.
Scaling of planetary gear stages according to gear excitation similarity
Authors: Weinberger Uwe , Siglmüller Felix , Götz Joshua , Otto Michael , Stahl Karsten
Published: June 2019

There are several cases where it is not possible to test a gearbox in its actual size. Consequently, planetary gear stages with an actual size, that does not fit, need to be scaled. Unfortunately, scaling a gear stage in general, especially a planetary gear stage, leads to a conflict between the various gear stage properties. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a scaling process of a planetary gear stage, with the purpose of maintaining excitation similarity between the original and the scaled gearbox. Finally, the scaling process is illustrated by scaling down a wind turbine gearbox.
Visualization interface for posture monitoring of wheel loaders based on inertial sensors
Authors: Xiao Chunsheng , Zhu Qingyuan , Hu Huosheng , Chen Wei , Ye Junjun
Published: June 2019

Wheel loaders need an interactive interface to collect and display the posture information when they operate in a harsh environment. This paper proposes a visualization interface for posture monitoring of wheel loaders. It is driven by the data from the inertial measurement system based on attitude heading reference system, including a real-time three-dimensional animation display system created using OpenGL. The proposed system could be effectively used for monitoring the body posture of wheel loaders under the influence of the external environment. Experimental results are presented to show the good accuracy and real-time performance of the proposed monitoring system. Moreover, the proposed system could enhance vehicle safety, remote operability, and human–vehicle interaction.
Optimization of synchronizer cone angle with regard to manufacturing tolerances of cone roundness and cone angle
Authors: Häggström Daniel , Sellgren Ulf , Björklund Stefan
Published: June 2019

The effects of manufacturing tolerances on the maximum focal temperature has been investigated by transient thermomechanical simulations. Both relative cone angle and cone out-of-roundness for molybdenum and carbon fibre reinforced polymer synchronizers were evaluated. It was shown that cone out-of-roundness significantly increases the focal contact temperature for that specific cone but has little impact on the opposing cone. Two populations of measured synchronizers were evaluated, and it was shown that the maximum focal surface temperature can be decreased in almost all tolerance cases by introducing a relative angle between the cones.
Optimization of lightweight sub-stiffened panels with buckling analysis and imperfection sensitivity analysis
Authors: Chen Hao , Xu Yuanming , Hu Junhao , Wang Xi
Published: June 2019

On the purpose of improving the structural efficiency of stiffened panels, which is widely used in engineering, three promising layouts of sub-stiffened thin-walled structures were optimized in view of structure's initial buckling and further analyzed through post-buckling and imperfection-sensitivity analysis. The optimization tasks were carried out using an integrated framework, which is based on the multidisciplinary optimization platform Model Center and finite element method software ABAQUS. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was applied to optimize layout parameters. Three optimal sub-stiffened panels were then evaluated based on their performance on critical buckling loads and post-buckling ultimate strength under uniaxial loading. Imperfection-sensitivity analysis was also conducted to investigate the stability behavior of the proposed panels with defect. The results indicate that the introduction of sub-stiffeners into the traditional stiffened panel can achieve significant improvements on the panel's buckling loads and ultimate strength under uniaxial loading, which are favorable to expand design space for engineering structures under requirements of lightweight with high bending stiffness and bucking resistance.
Political graffiti in May 2018 at Nanterre University: A linguistic ethnographic analysis
Authors: Debras Camille
Published: June 2019

Fifty years after May 68, spring 2018 in France was marked by mass student protest against the Parcoursup/ORE reform of university entry. After a riot police intervention on campus, Nanterre University was blocked and occupied. It was profoundly affected, both as a community and as a physical site. This linguistic ethnographic study proposes a systematic analysis of more than 500 physical interventions (political graffiti, tags and posters) on the campus during that period, to identify the functions of graffiti as political discourse. The graffiti (1) expressed resistance, reclaimed the university’s identity and manifested presence on site; (2) established dialogue with local and national authorities and (3) anchored the movement in a larger web of historical references and sites of political resistance. A striking feature was the complex indexicality of the graffiti. Each item was relevant at multiple scales beyond the here and now, anchoring graffiti in larger networks of relations, which endowed them with political power.
Pollen-based reconstructions of vegetation and climate changes during the late Holocene in the southern Altai Mountains
Authors: Yang Yunpeng , Zhang Dongliang , Sun Aizhi , Wang Wei , Lan Bo , Feng Zhaodong
Published: June 2019

We here preset a result of high-resolution pollen data of a lacustrine-peat sediment core from Yushenkule (YSKL) Peat, southern Altai Mountains, northwestern China. We aim to reconstruct the palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate variations in the southern Altai Mountains and further evaluate the role of autogenic process of the raised bog itself in driving the local vegetation dynamics. The pollen data of YSKL core-2 show two major vegetation stages in YSKL Peat area and the surrounding areas during the data-covering period. During the stage lasting from ~4870 to ~2550 cal. yr BP, regional vegetation was dominated by desert steppe and local vegetation in YSKL Peat was characterized by Artemisia-dominated mountain steppe. During the stage lasting from ~2550 to ~700 cal. yr BP, regional vegetation was characterized by Artemisia-dominated steppe and local vegetation in YSKL Peat was characterized by Cyperaceae-dominated wetland herbs. The Ar/Am ( Artemisia/Amaranthaceae) ratio-indicated moisture increasing trend of southern Altai Mountains can attribute to the combined effects of decreased temperature and increased precipitation. The lithologic transition from lake to peat of YSKL core-2 can be explained by invoking the variations in the areal extent of ice covers in the Altai Mountains.
The Operation of Entrepreneurial Intentions
Authors: Bird Barbara , Jelinek Mariann
Published: June 2019

Entrepreneurial intentions are conceived as a link between the entrepreneur as an individual and the context within which a venture is created. A model of intentional action is presented. Five facets include: decisions which structure resources including time, vision and focus; flexibility of focus; flexible behavior; temporal agility; and interpersonal influence.
Socioeconomic Privilege and Meaningful Work: A Psychology of Working Perspective
Authors: Autin Kelsey L. , Allan Blake A.
Published: June 2019

Surveying a diverse sample of working adults, the current study examined the role of socioeconomic privilege in workers’ desire for and experience of meaningful work. First, we tested for differences across social status groups in desire for and experience of meaningful work, finding that, although desire for meaningful work was consistent across groups, experience of meaningful work was more likely to be endorsed by those who identified with higher social status. Building off this finding, we examined the moderating role of basic need satisfaction in the link between desire for and experience of meaningful work, finding survival and self-determination need satisfaction to be significant moderators. Results suggested that meaningful work is desired consistently across social status groups and that socioeconomic privilege may play a significant role in one’s experience of meaningful work via satisfaction of basic needs.
Dynamic damage analysis of airfoil flutter for a generic hypersonic flight vehicle
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Yuhui , Feng Xingkai , Li Yunxin
Published: June 2019

The main aim of this paper is to establish the relationship between the airfoil flutter with the flight dynamics of a generic hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV) and analyze the airfoil damage variation during the airfoil flutter. Based on the motion equations of the two degrees of freedom airfoil model and the longitudinal dynamics of the HFV, an airfoil dynamic model is established. By using a coupling equation, the relationship between airfoil flutter and the flight dynamics is estimated. According to the stress–strain ([Formula: see text]) model and the strain–fatigue damage ([Formula: see text]) model, the influence of the stress on the airfoil flutter damage is analyzed. The simulation results show that the flutter of the airfoil is closely related to the flight dynamics for the HFV and the airfoil flutter damage is closely related to the flutter amplitude of the airfoil.
The Third Place as an Evolving Concept for Hospitality Researchers and Managers
Authors: Sandiford Peter John
Published: June 2019

This article revisits the concept of the third place, critically evaluating its theoretical foundations and continued relevance to social analysis and hospitality, arguing that it can contribute to scholarly understanding of human sociability and community, as well as inspiring service providers. The article explores actual and potential hospitality applications from researcher and practitioner perspectives, also considering a possible hospitable symbiosis from a third place perspective. Its original definition, though providing an important foundation, is driven, in part, by subjective value judgments. The article concludes that the conceptualization of third place requires broadening to include more places where people can socialize, away from first (home) and second (work) places, without delimiting this definition ideologically. This reconceptualization implies, rather than prescribes, informality, neutrality, and inclusiveness within this convivial environment with community maintenance as a primary outcome.
Behavior Support Strategies in Singapore Preschools: Practices and Outcomes
Authors: Lau Lily H. S. , Moore Dennis W. , Anderson Angelika
Published: June 2019

This study evaluated teachers’ use of universal Program-Wide Positive Behavior Support (PW-PBS) practices at a class-wide level, the rate of disruptive behavior, and the level of academic engagement in Singapore preschool general education classrooms. Evaluation was carried out in 32 classrooms using mainly direct observational methods. Findings indicated that while the majority of the teachers taught rules and expectations to children several times throughout the year, used effective error corrections, and allocated more than 70% of class time to academic instructions, none of them had a system for documenting and rewarding appropriate child behavior, or a documented system to address specific behavioral violations. Very few teachers used a continuum of consequences to manage rule violations, and the use of general and behavior-specific praise was low. Furthermore, rates of disruptive behavior were relatively high, which were associated with high rates of reprimands, and one third of the classrooms had low academic engagement levels. Methods of enhancing teacher training in universal practices are discussed.
Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Acculturation Among Adult Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Wang Yang , Laestadius Linnea , Stimpson Jim P , Wilson Fernando A
Published: June 2019

Despite a dramatic increase in e-cigarette popularity in recent years, the relationship between acculturation and e-cigarette use among immigrants largely remains unknown. We investigated the association between acculturation, measured by both self-reported English proficiency and length of stay in the United States, and immigrants’ use of e-cigarettes using data from the 2016-2017 National Health Interview Survey. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the associations of acculturation factors with ever and current use of e-cigarettes. We found that high English proficiency increased the odds of ever using e-cigarettes among immigrants (adjusted odds ratios: “well,” 2.22; “very well,” 3.24; with the reference group being “not well”). The association was significant among only men. However, we did not find a significant association between length of stay in the United States and e-cigarette use after adjusting for English proficiency. Future research is warranted to investigate how peer use, family-level factors, country of origin, and marketing strategies jointly influence e-cigarette use among immigrants, especially men.
An exploration of ‘fitspiration’ content on YouTube and its impacts on consumers
Authors: Ratwatte Priyanjali , Mattacola Emily
Published: June 2019

The ‘Fitspiration’ movement may endorse problematic body image and behaviour. This study aims to expand the understanding of ‘fitspiration’ by examining its presence on YouTube. Analysis was conducted in accordance with Tiggemann and Zaccardo and Santarossa et al. Thematic analysis of videos revealed three themes; ‘Fitness and beauty’, ‘Trust me-I’m a YouTuber’, and ‘Health for the right reasons’. Thematic analysis of comments revealed themes ‘YouTube fitness community’, ‘Body appearance dissatisfaction’, and ‘YouTuber fitness role models’. Fitness YouTubers were found to promote unhealthy behaviours to achieve fitness, and commenters expressed belief in and replication of their advice.
‘How the hell did this get on tv?’: Naked dating shows as the final taboo on mainstream TV
Authors: Smith Angela
Published: June 2019

There is a long history of dating shows on TV, most famously in the United Kingdom in the form of the long-running ITV show Blind Date, which ran from 1985 until 2003; its re-boot has returned to ITV1. The game-show format continues in shows such as Take Me Out (also ITV1) and Dinner Date (More 4). Elsewhere, the make-over shows that dominated the schedule in the late 1990s and first decade of the century morphed into relationship/dating shows, such as Gok’s Fashion Fix (Channel 4) and Snog, Marry, Avoid (BBC3). However, another relationship/make-over show, How to Look Good Naked (2006–2012, Channel 4) seems to have heralded a further development of this. While How to Look Good Naked never showed full frontal nudity, with participants always expressing the empowering nature of their ‘naked picture’ finale, in recent years there has been a further development of the nakedness theme across several dating shows that have a game-show format. The one that has caused most comment is Channel 4’s Naked Attraction, with The Guardian commenting that ‘the bottom of the barrel has been reached’. With full nudity, lingering close-ups and graphic descriptions, this show drove many viewers to Twitter to express dismay that this show has made it to mainstream TV, and led to The Guardian referring to this show as being symptomatic of dystopian TV since 2016. This article will explore how the shock of graphic nudity is ameliorated by the linguistic strategies of positive politeness with which all participants seem to collude and engage. Such amelioration would appear to be a defence against accusations of voyeuristic and pornographic content on mainstream TV.
He’s frequency–amplitude formulation for nonlinear oscillator with damping
Authors: Ren Zhong-Fu , Wu Jin-Bin
Published: June 2019

He’s frequency–amplitude formulation takes an active role in the analysis of nonlinear conservative oscillators. This paper shows that the formulation can be extended into damping cases, and the result is the same as that obtained by the homotopy perturbation method.
The coupled effects of bending and torsional flexural modes of a high-speed train car body on its vertical ride quality
Authors: Bokaeian Vahid , Rezvani Mohammad A , Arcos Robert
Published: June 2019

This study is focused on the effects of bending and torsional flexural modes of the car body on the ride quality index of a high-speed train vehicle. The Euler–Bernoulli beam model is used to extract an analytical model for a high-speed train vehicle car body in order to investigate its bending and torsional flexural vibrations. The rigid model includes a car body, two bogie frames, and four wheelsets such that, each mass has three degrees of freedom including vertical displacement, pitch motion, and roll motion. The results obtained with the proposed analytical model are compared with experimental measurements of the car body response of a Shinkansen high-speed train. Moreover, it is determined that the bending and torsional flexural modes have significant effects on the vertical acceleration of the car body, particularly in the 9–15 Hz frequency range. Furthermore, the ride quality index is calculated according to the EN 12299 standard and it is shown that the faster the train the more affected is the ride quality by the flexural modes. In addition, the effect of coherence between two rail irregularities (the right and the left rails) on the results of the simulation is investigated. The results conclude that if the irregularities are completely correlated the torsional flexural mode of the car body does not appear in the response. Also, the first bending flexural mode in such cases is more excited compared with the partially correlated or uncorrelated rail irregularities. Therefore, the ride quality index in completely correlated cases is higher than other cases.
Financialisation of pensions: The case of Turkey
Authors: Saritas Serap
Published: June 2019

This study contributes to the literature on pension reforms by evaluating the Turkish case within a theoretical framework drawing on financialisation as extensive and intensive accumulation of finance assets. Financialisation refers to the expansion of finance into ever more areas of economic and social life while increasing its depth through more sophisticated financial operations. The Turkish pension reform, which has been run under the influence of global policy actors, illustrates the integration of finance with social policy. The intensification of dependence upon finance is demonstrated by the Turkish pension funds that stimulate innovation of financial instruments through demand-side impacts on capital markets. The critical analysis of financialised pensions reveals that the social policy advice of international financial institutions, with motives to extend financial markets, exacerbates class and gender inequalities.

JEL Classification: G230 Pension funds; J140 Ageing, Pension; N2 Financialisation
Detecting single amino acids and small peptides by combining isobaric tags and peptidomics
Authors: Burger Bram , Lereim Ragnhild Reehorst , Berven Frode S , Barsnes Harald
Published: June 2019

Single amino acids and small endogenous peptides play important roles in maintaining a properly functioning organism. These molecules are however currently only routinely identified in targeted approaches. In a small proof-of-concept mass spectrometry experiment, we found that by combining isobaric tags and peptidomics, and by targeting singly charged molecules, we were able to identify a significant amount of single amino acids and small endogenous peptides using a basic mass-based identification approach. While there is still room for improvement, our simple test indicates that a limited amount of extra work when setting up the mass spectrometry experiment could potentially lead to a wealth of additional information.
Tapping into agglomeration benefits by engaging in a community of practice
Authors: Wang Liang , Helms Wesley S. , Li Wan
Published: June 2019

While a great deal is known in the agglomeration literature regarding the importance of having access to Marshallian externalities for firm performance, less is known about how geographically isolated and remote firms fare with the lack of such access. More recent literature suggests that firms, especially those within geographic proximity, can form a community of practice to facilitate deliberate learning and collectively create a shared repertoire, that is, a set of communal knowledge of procedures, techniques, and standards for best practices. Unlike Marshallian externalities, however, community of practice membership is not necessarily bounded by geography, and as such, isolated firms can also engage in a community of practice and unlock the shared repertoire for their own benefits. The study of the Ontario wine industry (1999–2009) finds that community of practice engagement weakens the detrimental impact of geographic isolation on firm performance, suggesting that isolated firms can tap into agglomeration benefits by engaging in a community of practice.
Hydrogen inhalation protects hypoxic–ischemic brain damage by attenuating inflammation and apoptosis in neonatal rats
Authors: Wu Guojiao , Chen Zhiheng , Wang Peipei , Zhao Mingyi , Fujino Masayuki , Zhang Chen , Zhou Wenjuan , Hirano Shin-Ichi , Li Xiao-Kang , Zhao Lingling
Published: June 2019

Hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is one of the leading causes of brain injury in infant with high risk of mortality and disability; therefore, it is important to explore more feasible and effective treatment strategies. Here, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of different hydrogen inhalation times for the treatment of HIBD. We induced hypoxia–ischemia in Sprague–Dawley rats (postnatal day 7, both sexes), followed by treatment with hydrogen inhalation for 30, 60, or 90 min. Morphological brain injury was assessed by Nissl and TUNEL staining. Acute inflammation was evaluated by examining the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and NF-κB p65, as well as Iba-1 immunofluorescence in the brain. Neural apoptosis was evaluated by examining the expression of P-JNK and p53 as well as NeuN immunofluorescence. Neurobehavioral function of rats was evaluated by Morris water maze test at 36 days after surgery. The results showed that hypoxia–ischemia injury induced the inflammatory response of microglia; however, these changes were inhibited by hydrogen inhalation. The inhibitory effects became more apparent as the treatment duration increased ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, hypoxia–ischemia induced neuronal damage and increased the expression of the apoptotic factors, P-JNK, and p53, which were attenuated by hydrogen inhalation ( P < 0.05). Hypoxia–ischemia caused long-term spatial memory deficits during brain maturation, which were ameliorated by hydrogen inhalation ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, hypoxia–ischemia induced severe long-term damage to the brain, which could be alleviated by hydrogen inhalation in a time-dependent manner.

Impact statement

Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the main pathological progression of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Hydrogen (H2) is an antioxidant that can be used to treat HIBD; however, the mechanism by which hydrogen may be used as a promising treatment for neonates with HIBD is not very clear. This study demonstrated that inhaled H2 is neuroprotective against HIBD in SpragueDawley rats by inhibiting the brain’s inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis or damage and protecting against spatial memory decline. Further, this study showed that inhaled H2 has potential as a therapeutic approach for HIBD. This is relevant to clinical treatment protocols when hypoxia–ischemia is suspected in neonates.
Not Just Where, But How Does a Seizure Start?
Authors: Gotman Jean
Published: June 2019

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What’s the Point of Spiritual Care? A Narrative Response
Authors: Lasair Simon
Published: June 2019

This article assumes spiritual care is relevant for all people, regardless of their faith affiliation. Building on the author’s work in narrative spirituality, the discussion demonstrates how spiritual care practitioners can engage clients in their lived narratives, with Narrative Empowerment being the end goal. Several therapeutic practices are thus revealed, as well as three traits by which a client’s Narrative Empowerment can be described and assessed.
Leaving Military Service with a Military Body: Insights for Pastoral Care and Counseling
Authors: Grimell Jan
Published: June 2019

The significance of the body has emerged as a vital yet neglected element in the transition from military to civilian life. The recognition of a military body enhances the understanding of potential pastoral and counseling needs among veterans beyond the mind and the soul. This article attempts to contribute to further knowledge about this topic, drawing from both theory and empirical research, in an effort to provide insights for pastoral care and counseling.
Real-time event detection using recurrent neural network in social sensors
Authors: Nguyen Van Quan , Anh Tien Nguyen , Yang Hyung-Jeong
Published: June 2019

We proposed an approach for temporal event detection using deep learning and multi-embedding on a set of text data from social media. First, a convolutional neural network augmented with multiple word-embedding architectures is used as a text classifier for the pre-processing of the input textual data. Second, an event detection model using a recurrent neural network is employed to learn time series data features by extracting temporal information. Recently, convolutional neural networks have been used in natural language processing problems and have obtained excellent results as performing on available embedding vector. In this article, word-embedding features at the embedding layer are combined and fed to convolutional neural network. The proposed method shows no size limitation, supplementation of more embeddings than standard multichannel based approaches, and obtained similar performance (accuracy score) on some benchmark data sets, especially in an imbalanced data set. For event detection, a long short-term memory network is used as a predictor that learns higher level temporal features so as to predict future values. An error distribution estimation model is built to calculate the anomaly score of observation. Events are detected using a window-based method on the anomaly scores.
Three-dimensional face recognition using variance-based registration and subject-specific descriptors
Authors: Ratyal Naeem Iqbal , Taj Imtiaz Ahmad , Sajid Muhammad , Ali Nouman , Mahmood Anzar , Razzaq Sohail
Published: June 2019

Face recognition underpins numerous applications; however, the task is still challenging mainly due to the variability of facial pose appearance. The existing methods show competitive performance but they are still short of what is needed. This article presents an effective three-dimensional pose invariant face recognition approach based on subject-specific descriptors. This results in state-of-the-art performance and delivers competitive accuracies. In our method, the face images are registered by transforming their acquisition pose into frontal view using three-dimensional variance of the facial data. The face recognition algorithm is initialized by detecting iso-depth curves in a coordinate plane perpendicular to the subject gaze direction. In this plane, discriminating keypoints are detected on the iso-depth curves of the facial manifold to define subject-specific descriptors using subject-specific regions. Importantly, the proposed descriptors employ Kernel Fisher Analysis-based features leading to the face recognition process. The proposed approach classifies unseen faces by pooling performance figures obtained from underlying classification algorithms. On the challenging data sets, FRGC v2.0 and GavabDB, our method obtains face recognition accuracies of 99.8% and 100% yielding superior performance compared to the existing methods.
Optimal control research on a manipulator’s combined feedback device by the variational method genetic algorithm radial basis function method
Authors: Wang Song , Wang Zhaoyang , Hu Yanzhu
Published: June 2019

This article aims to improve the accuracy of each joint in a manipulator and to ensure the high-speed and real-time requirements. A method called the variational method genetic algorithm radial basis function, which is based on a combination feedback controller, is proposed to solve the optimal control problem. It is proposed a combined feedback with a linear part and a nonlinear part. We reconstruct the manipulator’s kinematics and dynamics models with a feedback control. In this model, the optimal trajectory, which was solved by the variation method, is regarded as the desired output. The other one is also established an improved genetic algorithm radial basis function neural network model. The optimal trajectory is rapidly solved by using the desired output and the improved genetic algorithm radial basis function neural network. This method can greatly improve the speed of the calculation and guarantee real-time performance while simultaneously ensuring accuracy.