bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐Atom Catalyst Aggregates: Size‐Matching is Critical to Electrocatalytic Performance in Sulfur Cathodes
Authors: Meng Xiaodong , Liu Xing , Fan Xueying , Chen Xin , Chen Shang , Meng Yongqiang , Wang Manyun , Zhou Ji , Hong Song , Zheng Lei , Shi Guosheng , Bielawski Christopher W. , Geng Jianxin
Published: November 2021

Electrocatalysis is critical to the performance displayed by sulfur cathodes. However, the constituent electrocatalysts and the sulfur reactants have vastly different molecular sizes, which ultimately restrict electrocatalysis efficiency and hamper device performance. Herein, the authors report that aggregates of cobalt single‐atom catalysts (SACs) attached to graphene via porphyrins can overcome the challenges associated with the catalyst/reactant size mismatch. Atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements show that the Co atoms present in the SAC aggregates exist as single atoms with spatially resolved dimensions that are commensurate the sulfur species found in sulfur cathodes and thus fully accessible to enable 100% atomic utilization efficiency in electrocatalysis. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Co SAC aggregates can interact with the sulfur species in a synergistic manner that enhances the electrocatalytic effect and promote the performance of sulfur cathodes. For example, Li–S cells prepared from the Co SAC aggregates exhibit outstanding capacity retention (i.e., 505 mA h g–1 at 0.5 C after 600 cycles) and excellent rate capability (i.e., 648 mA h g−1 at 6 C). An ultrahigh area specific capacity of 12.52 mA h cm−2 is achieved at a high sulfur loading of 11.8 mg cm–2.
Anode Material Options Toward 500 Wh kg−1 Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Bi Chen‐Xi , Zhao Meng , Hou Li‐Peng , Chen Zi‐Xian , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Yuan Hong , Huang Jia‐Qi
Published: November 2021

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is identified as one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems due to its ultra‐high theoretical energy density up to 2600 Wh kg−1. However, Li metal anode suffers from dramatic volume change during cycling, continuous corrosion by polysulfide electrolyte, and dendrite formation, rendering limited cycling lifespan. Considering Li metal anode as a double‐edged sword that contributes to ultrahigh energy density as well as limited cycling lifespan, it is necessary to evaluate Li‐based alloy as anode materials to substitute Li metal for high‐performance Li–S batteries. In this contribution, the authors systematically evaluate the potential and feasibility of using Li metal or Li‐based alloys to construct Li–S batteries with an actual energy density of 500 Wh kg−1. A quantitative analysis method is proposed by evaluating the required amount of electrolyte for a targeted energy density. Based on a three‐level (ideal material level, practical electrode level, and pouch cell level) analysis, highly lithiated lithium–magnesium (Li–Mg) alloy is capable to achieve 500 Wh kg−1 Li–S batteries besides Li metal. Accordingly, research on Li–Mg and other Li‐based alloys are reviewed to inspire a promising pathway to realize high‐energy‐density and long‐cycling Li–S batteries.
Utility of a field deployable qPCR instrument for analyzing freshwater quality
Authors: Billington Craig , Abeysekera Gayan , Scholes Paula , Pickering Paul , Pang Liping
Published: November 2021

A significant limitation of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology for environmental research has been the lack of portability of the amplification and detection equipment needed to perform qPCR assays in the field. The ability to perform qPCR assays in the field would significantly improve the utility of the technology, enabling quicker risk management decisions in acute environmental emergencies, and speeding the pace of environmental research. We tested a portable qPCR instrument, Liberty16, to evaluate if this instrument would be useful for qPCR analysis in our fieldwork. Parallel testing of the Liberty16 with our existing LightCycler 480 Instrument II revealed similar repeatability and sensitivity for the detection of targets in known and blind freshwater samples by qPCR. Both instruments were able to detect all target sequences at 20 copies per reaction and up to 66% targets in a 10‐fold dilution. In seven of eight blind freshwater samples, results from both instruments were consistent for detected or nondetected target. In the other sample, the target was only detected by the Liberty16. Portable instruments of this type may open up new avenues for researchers to perform qPCR analyses in the field.
Japanese rapid/living recommendations on drug management for COVID‐19: updated guidelines (September 2021)
Authors: Yamakawa Kazuma , Yamamoto Ryo , Terayama Takero , Hashimoto Hideki , Ishihara Tadashi , Ishimaru Go , Imura Haruki , Okano Hiromu , Narita Chihiro , Mayumi Takuya , Yasuda Hideto , Yamada Kohei , Yamada Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Tatsuya , Shime Nobuaki , Doi Kent , Egi Moritoki , Ogura Hiroshi , Aihara Morio , Kushimoto Shigeki , Nishida Osamu ,   Special Committee of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J‐SSCG 2020), the COVID‐19 Task Force
Published: November 2021

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread worldwide since early 2020, and there are still no signs of resolution. The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock (J‐SSCG) 2020 Special Committee created the Japanese rapid/living recommendations on drug management for COVID‐19 using the experience of creating the J‐SSCG.

Methods

The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to determine the certainty of the evidence and strength of the recommendations. The first edition of this guideline was released on September 9, 2020, and this document is the revised edition (version 4.0; released on September 9, 2021). Clinical questions (CQs) were set for the following seven drugs: favipiravir (CQ1), remdesivir (CQ2), corticosteroids (CQ4), tocilizumab (CQ5), anticoagulants (CQ7), baricitinib (CQ8), and casirivimab/imdevimab (CQ9). Two CQs (hydroxychloroquine [CQ3] and ciclesonide [CQ6]) were retrieved in this updated version.

Recommendations

Favipiravir is not suggested for all patients with COVID‐19 (GRADE 2C). Remdesivir is suggested for patients with moderate COVID‐19 requiring supplemental oxygen/hospitalization (GRADE 2B). Corticosteroids are recommended for patients with moderate COVID‐19 requiring supplemental oxygen/hospitalization (GRADE 1B) and for patients with severe COVID‐19 requiring mechanical ventilation/intensive care (GRADE 1A); however, their administration is not recommended for patients with mild COVID‐19 not requiring supplemental oxygen (GRADE 1B). Tocilizumab is suggested for patients with moderate COVID‐19 requiring supplemental oxygen/hospitalization (GRADE 2B). Anticoagulant administration is recommended for patients with moderate COVID‐19 requiring supplemental oxygen/hospitalization and patients with severe COVID‐19 requiring mechanical ventilation/intensive care (good practice statement). Baricitinib is suggested for patients with moderate COVID‐19 requiring supplemental oxygen/hospitalization (GRADE 2C). Casirivimab/imdevimab is recommended for patients with mild COVID‐19 not requiring supplemental oxygen (GRADE 1B). We hope that these updated clinical practice guidelines will help medical professionals involved in the care of patients with COVID‐19.
From Esters to Ketones via a Photoredox‐Assisted Reductive Acyl Cross‐Coupling Strategy
Authors: Xi Xiaoxiang , Luo Yixin , Li Weirong , Xu Minghao , Zhao Hongping , Chen Yukun , Zheng Songlin , Qi Xiaotian , Yuan Weiming
Published: November 2021

A method was developed for ketone synthesis via a photoredox‐assisted reductive acyl cross‐coupling (PARAC) using a nickel/photoredox dual‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling of two different carboxylic acid esters. A variety of aryl, 1°, 2°, 3°‐alkyl 2‐pyridyl esters can act as acyl electrophiles while N‐(acyloxy)phthalimides (NHPI esters) act as 1°, 2°, 3°‐radical precursors. Our PARAC strategy provides an alternative and reliable way to synthesize various sterically congested 3°‐3°, 3°‐2°, and aryl‐3° ketones under mild and highly unified conditions, which have been otherwise difficult to access. The combined experimental and computational studies identified a Ni0/NiI/NiIII pathway for ketone formation.
Synthesis and Structural Properties of NIR‐Absorbing Pyridine‐Containing Heptaphyrins
Authors: Rawat Nisha , Sinha Avisikta , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: November 2021

Four examples of stable nonaromatic pyridine containing heteroheptaphyrins (pyrithiaheptaphyrins) 2–5 were synthesized in 8–13% yields by [5+2] condensation of newly synthesized pyridine‐based pentapyrrane 8 and bithiophene diol 9 a–d. The X‐ray crystallographic analysis of macrocycle 2 proved that the macrocycle assumes a highly planar structure with two inverted thiophene rings. The heteroheptaphyrins 2–5 are asymmetric and showed a greater number of resonances in 1H NMR spectra compared to our previously reported symmetric heterohexaphyrin (pyrithiahexaphyrin) 1 c. Most of the macrocyclic core protons in pyrithiahepaphyrins 2–5 experienced upfield/downfield shifts compared to pyrithiahexaphyrin 1 c indicating the alteration of π‐conjugation in the macrocycles. The absorption bands were significantly red‐shifted and located in the NIR region in macrocycles 2–5 compared to 1 c supporting the increase of π‐delocalization. The theoretical studies support the experimental findings and NICS(0) value supports the non‐aromaticity of the macrocycles.
S100A10 regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced apoptosis in chondrocytes via the reactive oxygen species/nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway
Authors: Guo Yanjie , Li Ruofei , Dang Xiaoqian
Published: November 2021

Aberrant chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation are the most critical causes of osteoarthritis (OA) development. This study was designed to demonstrate the relationship between S100A10 and OA. In this study, S100A10 was overexpressed or silenced in rat chondrocytes. Cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxidative species (ROS), and calcium ion detection were assessed using Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay and flow cytometry. The levels of key oxidation‐related enzymes and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. S100A10 was highly expressed in patients with OA and positively correlated with TNF‐α level. Knockdown of S100A10 effectively counteracted TNF‐α‐induced ROS level, apoptosis, and calcium level and associated with decreased inflammation‐related metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP13, and nuclear necrosis factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB)‐p65 and increased survivin and cytoplasmic NF‐κB‐p65. Overexpression of S100A10 had an effect similar to TNF‐α, which was significantly counteracted by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an NF‐κB inhibitor, or verapamil, a calcium‐channel blocker. S100A10 contributed to chondrocyte apoptosis through the ROS/NF‐κB pathway. This study has established the relationship between S100A10 and the NF‐κB pathway, thus providing novel perspectives for exploring S100A10 functions.
New green phosphorescent Ir(III) complex with carbazolylbenzimidazole ligand for solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diode
Authors: Jadhav Amol Maruti , Park Hea Jung , Jang Jae‐Ho , Park Jeong Yong , Kwak Seon Lee , Hwang Do‐Hoon
Published: November 2021

We developed a new green phosphorescent iridium (III) complex, bis[2‐(9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole]iridium(III) acetylacetonate [(Bic)2Ir(acac)], which functions as a solution‐processable dopant for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). 2‐(9‐Ethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole was incorporated as the main ligand, while acetylacetone was introduced as an ancillary ligand in the heteroleptic iridium (III) complex. The molecular structure of the synthesized (Bic)2Ir(acac) was characterized by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR. In addition, it was well soluble in common organic solvents, suitable for solution processible dopant material. The Ir (III) complex exhibited a green emission in solution state (dichloromethane) with an emission maximum at 503 nm. The solution‐processed OLED device using (Bic)2Ir(acac) as a green dopant achieved an external quantum efficiency of 6.85%, with a power efficiency of 14.96 lm/W, a maximum luminous efficiency of 23.00 cd/A, and Commission Internationale de Eclairage coordinates of (0.30, 0.61) at 7 wt% doping concentration.
Hybrid business models in the sharing economy: The role of business model design for managing the environmental paradox
Authors: Reuter Emmanuelle
Published: November 2021

With the primary emphasis on the tensions that platform organizations face between both for‐profit and environmental value‐creation goals, we know very little about the managerial drivers and mechanisms through which they realize multiple goals. Based on a qualitative, inductive case study of a UK‐based digital platform's business model, we uncover the role of business model design. We find that the emphasis managers put on either the redistribution or the accessibility design theme shapes the environmental and financial value‐creation, respectively and that a hybrid business model (i.e., realizing both for‐profit and for‐purpose value‐creation) hinges on their integration. Two managerial drivers—strategic synergies and dynamic coupling—enable platform organizations to increase integration. We contribute to the literatures on hybrid business models, paradox, and business models for sustainability, suggesting that digital platforms not only create, but can actively manage the environmental paradox by integrating multiple design themes within hybrid business models.
Nickel Salicylideniminato 1D MOFs via Electrochemical Polymerization
Authors: Lukyanov Daniil A. , Vereshchagin Anatoliy A. , Beletskii Evgenii V. , Atangulov Arslan B. , Yankin Andrei N. , Sizov Vladimir V. , Levin Oleg V.
Published: November 2021

Polymers derived from nickel complexes of salicylaldimines are extensively studied due to their electrochemical, catalytic, and sensing properties. However, almost all studies are devoted to the polymers obtained from tetradentate bis(salicylidenaldiminato) complexes, in which the aromatic rings are bound via an imine bridge. Herein, we report a first systematic study focused on the polymerization of salicylaldimine nickel complexes without a bridge between the imine fragments. As a result, an impact of the ligand structure on the polymerization ability of the complexes and electrochemical behavior of the polymers obtained thereof was discovered and quantified. An observed phenomenon was rationalized both computationally and experimentally, involving the electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques.
Influence of geometric parameters on partial compressive force and pushing performance of flow diverter
Authors: Qiu Xiaojian , Gu Xuelian , Liu Chenyang , Tian Hao , Chen Ruina , Li Yuanyuan
Published: November 2021

Research on flow diverter (FD) has progressed over the past decades; however, the relationships between parameters such as stent diameter, porosity, and number of wires and the properties of FDs, such as partial compressive force and push resistance, are not well understood. In this study, the partial compressive force and push resistance of braided FDs with varying porosity (61%–75%), diameter (2.5–5.0 mm), and number of wires (48 or 64) were evaluated using finite element analysis (FEA) and bench tests. At a small compression ratio, the 48‐wire stents exhibited a larger partial compressive force than 64‐wire stents of the same diameter. But when the compression ratio was 50%, the 64‐wire stents had better resistance to pressure. The partial compressive force decreased as the stent diameter increased when all other parameters were equal. However, the influence of the diameter decreased as the stent porosity increased. The push resistance decreased as the porosity and diameter increased, and increased with the number of wires. These results provide useful information for FD design. Decreasing the number of wires can reduce the push resistance, while the push resistance is mainly influenced by the porosity and number of wires, and almost has no relationship with the partial compressive force. The FEA model proved very reliable, and corresponded well to the bench test results, which indicates that this model can be utilized to guide the design of FDs.
Amino‐Linked Conjugated Tetrazole Ring Passivation Strategy for Air‐Processed Perovskite Cells with Predominant Stability and Efficiency
Authors: Deng Yaxin , Zhang Hongxia , Li Xin , Wang Rui
Published: November 2021

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) develop rapidly with certified efficiency over 25.5 %, but there are remaining problems such as defects‐induced recombination and degradation throughout the whole device. Functional organic small molecule passivation strategies are diverse and efficient, enhancing the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Here, 5‐aminotetrazole (5ATZ) was introduced for the first time as an effective passivator, where −NH2 and −NH as active sites interacted with the Pb and I related to vacancy defects in perovskites, anchoring defects and preventing further unavoidable ion migration and device degradation. Furthermore, the extensive π‐electron delocalization around the tetrazole conjugated ring significantly promoted the charge transfer. Therefore, the 5ATZ‐processed PSCs provided enhanced voltage and current, showed superior 19.75 % power conversion efficiency with excellent performance and improved stability, and demonstrated one of the best performances in all‐air preparation to date. The simultaneous multi‐effect passivation strategy of vacancy defects in perovskites will contribute to eliminate obstacles on the road to commercialization of PSCs.
Synergistic Effects of Surface Coating and Bulk Doping in Ni‐Rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide Cathode Materials for High‐Energy Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Reissig Friederike , Lange Martin Alexander , Haneke Lukas , Placke Tobias , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Winter Martin , Schmuch Richard , Gomez‐Martin Aurora
Published: November 2021

Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes are promising candidates to satisfy the increasing energy demand of lithium‐ion batteries for automotive applications. Thermal and cycling stability issues originating from increasing Ni contents are addressed by mitigation strategies such as elemental bulk substitution (“doping”) and surface coating. Although both approaches separately benefit the cycling stability, there are only few reports investigating the combination of two of such approaches. Herein, the combination of Zr as common dopant in commercial materials with effective Li2WO4 and WO3 coatings was investigated with special focus on the impact of different material processing conditions on structural parameters and electrochemical performance in nickel‐cobalt‐manganese (NCM) || graphite cells. Results indicated that the Zr4+ dopant diffusing to the surface during annealing improved the electrochemical performance compared to samples without additional coatings. This work emphasizes the importance to not only investigate the effect of individual dopants or coatings but also the influences between both.
Prior night sleep moderates the daily spillover between conflict with peers and family and diurnal cortisol
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Nelson Benjamin W. , Telzer Eva H.
Published: November 2021

We investigated whether daily experiences of conflict with family and peers were associated with fluctuations in diurnal cortisol, and whether sleep buffers the associations between conflict and diurnal cortisol. A racially diverse sample of 370 adolescents (ages 11–18; 57.3% female) provided daily diaries for 5 days and saliva samples for 4 days. Hierarchical linear models tested how peer and family conflict were associated with diurnal cortisol (i.e., total cortisol output, cortisol slope, and cortisol awakening response) the next day, and whether these associations were moderated by sleep duration the previous night. When adolescents experienced peer conflict, they showed higher area under the curve (AUC) the next day if they had slept less the night prior to conflict, but relatively lower cortisol awakening response (CAR) and flatter cortisol slope the next day if they had slept more the night prior to conflict. When adolescents experienced family conflict, they also showed higher AUC the next day if they had slept less the night prior to conflict, but higher CAR the next day if they had slept more the night prior to conflict. Family conflict and sleep were not directly or interactively related to cortisol slope.
Atrial appendage closure in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: industry‐independent single‐centre study
Authors: Saad Mohammed , Osman Mohamed , Hasan‐Ali Hosam , Abdel Ghany Mohammed , A Alsherif Mohamad , Risha Osama , Sano Makoto , Fink Thomas , Heeger Christian‐Hendrik , Vogler Julia , Sciacca Vanessa , Eitel Charlotte , Stiermaier Thomas , Joost Alexander , Keelani Ahmad , Fuernau Georg , Saraei Roza , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Eitel Ingo , Tilz Roland Richard
Published: November 2021

Aims

To evaluate outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) in a consecutive, industry‐independent registry associated with periprocedural success and complications during long‐term follow‐up.

Methods and results

For this analysis, we included patients who underwent transcatheter LAAC from January 2014 to December 2019 at the University Heart Center in Lübeck, Germany, and compared patients with presence of CHF defined as patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%), patients with a mid‐range LVEF (LVEF 41–49%), patients with diastolic dysfunction and preserved LVEF (LVEF ≥ 50%), and patients with right‐sided heart failure and impaired right ventricular function (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion < 17) to patients undergoing LAAC with no CHF. Primary endpoints were defined as periprocedural complications, and complications during long‐term follow‐up presented as major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). A total of 300 consecutive patients underwent LAAC. Of these, 96 patients in the CHF group were compared with 204 patients in the non‐CHF group. Implantation success was lower in CHF group in comparison with non‐CHF group (99.5% vs. 96%, P = 0.038); otherwise, there were no differences in periprocedural complications between groups. Patients with CHF showed a significantly higher incidence of MACCE rate (31.9% vs. 15.1%, P = 0.002) and more deaths (24.2% vs. 7%, P ≤ 0.001) during long‐term follow‐up. In Cox multivariable regression analysis, CHF was an independent predictor of mortality after LAAC implantation at long‐term follow‐up (hazard ratio 3.23, 95% confidence intervals 1.52–6.86, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Implantation of LAAC devices in patients with non‐valvular AF and CHF is safe. The increased mortality in patients with CHF compared with patients without CHF during the long‐term follow‐up is mainly attributed to comorbidities associated with CHF.
DoE‐based validation of a HPLC–UV method for quantification of rotigotine nanocrystals: Application to in vitro dissolution and ex vivo nasal permeation studies
Authors: Saha Paramita , Pandey Murali Monohar
Published: November 2021

The current work is focused on optimization, development, and validation of a sensitive and specific reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method for the estimation of rotigotine (RTG) in bulk and nanoformulations. The RP‐HPLC method was effectively optimized using the concepts of design of experiments. Critical method variables (CMVs) were screened using Plackett–Burman design. Box–Behnken, a surface response methodology‐based design, was further used for the optimization of CMVs with the number of theoretical plates and retention time (min) as responses. The optimized chromatographic conditions for the RP‐HPLC method were: acetonitrile proportion: 54% v/v, pH of buffer: 5.0 (10 mM), and flow rate: 0.65 mL/min. The number of theoretical plates and retention time in the study were found to be 11206 and 7.65 min, respectively. The developed method exhibited good linearity (R2 = 0.9995) within a range of 25–600 ng/mL and LOD and LOQ were found to be 9 and 12 ng/mL, respectively. The developed RP‐HPLC method was found sensitive, accurate, precise, specific, robust, and stability indicating according to the regulatory guidelines. The validated method was efficiently applied for in vitro dissolution study, ex vivo nasal permeation study, and estimation of drug content of RTG nanocrystals.
2‐deoxyglucose and β‐hydroxybutyrate fail to attenuate seizures in the betamethasone‐NMDA model of infantile spasms
Authors: Janicot Remi , Shao Li‐Rong , Stafstrom Carl E.
Published: November 2021

Infantile spasms (IS) is an epileptic encephalopathy with a poor neurodevelopmental prognosis, and limited, often ineffective treatment options. The effectiveness of metabolic approaches to seizure control is being increasingly shown in a wide variety of epilepsies. This study investigates the efficacy of the glycolysis inhibitor 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) and the ketone body β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the betamethasone‐NMDA model of rat IS. Prenatal rats were exposed to betamethasone on gestational day 15 (G15) and NMDA on postnatal day 15 (P15). Video‐electroencephalography (v‐EEG) was used to monitor spasms. NMDA consistently induced hyperflexion spasms associated with interictal sharp‐slow wave EEG activity and ictal flattening of EEG signals, reminiscent of hypsarrhythmia and electrodecrement, respectively. 2‐DG (500 mg/kg, i.p), BHB (200 mg/kg, i.p.), or both were administered immediately after occurrence of the first spasm. No experimental treatment altered significantly the number, severity, or progression of spasms compared with saline treatment. These data suggest that metabolic inhibition of glycolysis or ketogenesis does not reduce infantile spasms in the NMDA model. The study further validates the betamethasone‐NMDA model in terms of its behavioral and electrographic resemblance to human IS and supports its use for preclinical drug screening.
Unveiling whole‐brain dynamics in normal aging through Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Moretto Manuela , Silvestri Erica , Zangrossi Andrea , Corbetta Maurizio , Bertoldo Alessandra
Published: November 2021

During normal aging, the brain undergoes structural and functional changes. Many studies applied static functional connectivity (FC) analysis on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) data showing a link between aging and the increase of between‐networks connectivity. However, it has been demonstrated that FC is not static but varies over time. By employing the dynamic data‐driven approach of Hidden Markov Models, this study aims to investigate how aging is related to specific characteristics of dynamic brain states. Rs‐fMRI data of 88 subjects, equally distributed in young and old were analyzed. The best model resulted to be with six states, which we characterized not only in terms of FC and mean BOLD activation, but also uncertainty of the estimates. We found two states were mostly occupied by young subjects, whereas three other states by old subjects. A graph‐based analysis revealed a decrease in strength with the increase of age, and an overall more integrated topology of states occupied by old subjects. Indeed, while young subjects tend to cycle in a loop of states characterized by a high segregation of the networks, old subjects' loops feature high integration, with a crucial intermediary role played by the dorsal attention network. These results suggest that the employed mathematical approach captures the complex and rich brain's dynamics underpinning the aging process.
Impact of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Hepatology Practice and Provider Burnout
Authors: Russo Mark W. , Kwok Ryan , Serper Marina , Ufere Nneka , Hameed Bilal , Chu Jaime , Goacher Elizabeth , Lingerfelt John , Terrault Norah , Reddy K. Rajender
Published: November 2021

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has had a wide‐ranging impact on the clinical practice of medicine and emotional well‐being of providers. Our aim was to determine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on practice and burnout among hepatology providers. From February to March 2021, we conducted an electronic survey of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) members who were hepatologists, gastroenterologists, and advanced practice providers (APPs). The survey included 26 questions on clinical practice and emotional well‐being derived from validated instruments. A total of 230 eligible members completed the survey as follows: 107 (47%) were adult transplant hepatologists, 43 (19%) were adult general hepatologists, 14 (6%) were adult gastroenterologists, 11 (5%) were pediatric hepatologists, 45 (19%) were APPs, and 9 (4%) were other providers. We found that 69 (30%) experienced a reduction in compensation, 92 (40%) experienced a reduction in staff, and 9 (4%) closed their practice; 100 (43%) respondents reported experiencing burnout. In univariate analysis, burnout was more frequently reported in those ≤55 years old (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2‐4.2), women (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3‐3.7), nontransplant hepatology (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1‐3.3), APPs (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4‐5.1), and those less than 10 years in practice (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1‐3.3). In multivariable analysis, only age ≤55 years was associated with burnout (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1‐4.8). The most common ways the respondents suggested the AASLD could help was through virtual platforms for networking, mentoring, and coping with the changes in practice due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the clinical practice of hepatology as well as burnout and emotional well‐being. Women, APPs, and early and mid‐career clinicians more frequently reported burnout. Identified strategies to cope with burnout include virtual platforms to facilitate networking and mentoring.
Expression and existence forms of mast cell activating molecules and their antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wang Yuping , Wang Tengkai , Cai Meijuan , Zhu Shuzhen , Song Lijun , Wang Qian
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Mast cells are regarded as a kind of classical anaphylaxis cells. However autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions have many similarities or overlaps. A large number of papers have proved that mast cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is speculated that IgE, anti‐IgE antibodies, FcεRI, and anti‐FcεRI antibodies activate mast cells through autoimmune pathways and participate in the disease process of SLE. Naturally occurring protein molecules not only exist in monomer form, but also in polymer of protein molecules. Therefore, whether IgE, FcεRIα, anti‐IgE antibodies, and anti‐FcεRI antibodies also exist in polymeric forms in the natural state is worthy of further investigation.

Methods

The serum samples and clinical data of 131 patients with SLE were collected from Qilu Hospital (Qingdao). Sixty healthy individuals were collected as the control group. Serum FcεRIα, anti‐IgE, and anti‐FcεRI were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum IgE was detected by rate scatter nephelometry. A Chinese hamster ovarian cancer cell line CHO3D10 transfected with human FcεRIα was cultured and the cell protein extract was prepared. The existence forms of FcεRIα in the cell protein extract were detected by the native‐page method.

Results

The serum FcεRIα in SLE patients was significantly higher than that in control group (3.52 [2.18, 4.71] µg/ml and 1.87 [1.52, 2.33] µg/ml, respectively; p < .05). Anti‐IgE was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.85 [0.55, 1.21] µg/ml and 1.23 [0.95, 1.58] µg/ml, respectively; p < .05). The CHO3D10 cell line expressed the FcεRIα, which had one kind of monomer (mFcεRIα) and two kinds of polymers (pFcεRIα) in the degeneration conditions.

Conclusion

In patients with SLE, the expression of FcεRIα was increased and the level of anti‐IgE was decreased. FcεRIα had one kind of monomer and two kinds of polymers. Mast cell‐associated FcεRIα involved in the inflammatory lesion of SLE.
Mouse Digit Tip Regeneration Is Mechanical Load Dependent
Authors: Dolan Connor P , Imholt Felisha , Yang Tae-Jung , Bokhari Rihana , Gregory Joshua , Yan Mingquan , Qureshi Osama , Zimmel Katherine , Sherman Kirby M , Falck Alyssa , Yu Ling , Leininger Eric , Brunauer Regina , Suva Larry J , Gaddy Dana , Dawson Lindsay A , Muneoka Ken
Published: November 2021

Amputation of the mouse digit tip results in blastema-mediated regeneration. In this model, new bone regenerates de novo to lengthen the amputated stump bone, resulting in a functional replacement of the terminal phalangeal element along with associated non-skeletal tissues. Physiological examples of bone repair, such as distraction osteogenesis and fracture repair, are well known to require mechanical loading. However, the role of mechanical loading during mammalian digit tip regeneration is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that reducing mechanical loading inhibits blastema formation by attenuating bone resorption and wound closure, resulting in the complete inhibition of digit regeneration. Mechanical unloading effects on wound healing and regeneration are completely reversible when mechanical loading is restored. Mechanical unloading after blastema formation results in a reduced rate of de novo bone formation, demonstrating mechanical load dependence of the bone regenerative response. Moreover, enhancing the wound-healing response of mechanically unloaded digits with the cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive Dermabond improves wound closure and partially rescues digit tip regeneration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that mammalian digit tip regeneration is mechanical load-dependent. Given that human fingertip regeneration shares many characteristics with the mouse digit tip, these results identify mechanical load as a previously unappreciated requirement for de novo bone regeneration in humans. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The Development of Dentin Microstructure Is Controlled by the Type of Adjacent Epithelium
Authors: Lavicky Josef , Kolouskova Magdalena , Prochazka David , Rakultsev Vladislav , Gonzalez-Lopez Marcos , Steklikova Klara , Bartos Martin , Vijaykumar Anushree , Kaiser Jozef , Pořízka Pavel , Hovorakova Maria , Mina Mina , Krivanek Jan
Published: November 2021

Considerable amount of research has been focused on dentin mineralization, odontoblast differentiation, and their application in dental tissue engineering. However, very little is known about the differential role of functionally and spatially distinct types of dental epithelium during odontoblast development. Here we show morphological and functional differences in dentin located in the crown and roots of mouse molar and analogous parts of continuously growing incisors. Using a reporter (DSPP-cerulean/DMP1-cherry) mouse strain and mice with ectopic enamel (Spry2+/−;Spry4−/−), we show that the different microstructure of dentin is initiated in the very beginning of dentin matrix production and is maintained throughout the whole duration of dentin growth. This phenomenon is regulated by the different inductive role of the adjacent epithelium. Thus, based on the type of interacting epithelium, we introduce more generalized terms for two distinct types of dentins: cementum versus enamel-facing dentin. In the odontoblasts, which produce enamel-facing dentin, we identified uniquely expressed genes (Dkk1, Wisp1, and Sall1) that were either absent or downregulated in odontoblasts, which form cementum-facing dentin. This suggests the potential role of Wnt signalling on the dentin structure patterning. Finally, we show the distribution of calcium and magnesium composition in the two developmentally different types of dentins by utilizing spatial element composition analysis (LIBS). Therefore, variations in dentin inner structure and element composition are the outcome of different developmental history initiated from the very beginning of tooth development. Taken together, our results elucidate the different effects of dental epithelium, during crown and root formation on adjacent odontoblasts and the possible role of Wnt signalling which together results in formation of dentin of different quality. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Genetic variant in the 5ʹ untranslated region of endothelin1 (EDN1) gene in children with primary nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Yahia Sohier , Hammad Ayman , El‐Gilany Abdel‐Hady , El‐Assmy Mohamed , El‐Tanbouly Rasha , Elsaid Afaf M. , Elmoursi Lamiaa Z. , Elshazli Rami M. , Shoaib Rasha MS
Published: November 2021

Endothelin‐1 plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the contribution of theEDN1 (3A/4A; rs1800997)variant to the risk of nephrotic syndrome. This study involves 200 participants (100 healthy controls, 50 steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndromes [SSNS] patients, and 50 steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndromes [SRNS] patients]. Genomic DNA has been characterized using the PCR‐RFLP technique. The predominant genotype that is common in this study population was theEDN1 3A/3Agenotype (NS [75%] and healthy controls [88%]). The prevalence ofEDN1 3A/4Agenotype andEDN1 4Aallele was significantly increased among NS patients compared with healthy subjects (p‐value < 0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of theEDN1(3A/4A; rs1800997) variant was statistically significant among SRNS patients (p‐value < 0.05). TheEDN13A/4A genotype and theEDN14A allele were identified as independent risk factors of the nephrotic syndrome among children.
Enumeration of Latin squares with conjugate symmetry
Authors: McKay Brendan D. , Wanless Ian M.
Published: November 2021

A Latin square has six conjugate Latin squares obtained by uniformly permuting its (row, column, symbol) triples. We say that a Latin square has conjugate symmetry if at least two of its six conjugates are equal. We enumerate Latin squares with conjugate symmetry and classify them according to several common notions of equivalence. We also do similar enumerations under additional hypotheses, such as assuming the Latin square is reduced, diagonal, idempotent or unipotent. Our data corrected an error in earlier literature and suggested several patterns that we then found proofs for, including (1) the number of isomorphism classes of semisymmetric idempotent Latin squares of order equals the number of isomorphism classes of semisymmetric unipotent Latin squares of order , and (2) suppose and are totally symmetric Latin squares of order . If and are paratopic then and are isomorphic.
Real‐time imaging and developmental biochemistry analysis during embryogenesis of Caridina pseudogracilirostris
Authors: Soundharapandiyan Nandhagopal , Thanumalayaperumal Subramoniam , Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
Published: November 2021

This paper reports on the real‐time imaging and developmental biochemistry of the freshwater caridean shrimp, Caridina pseudogracilirostris. The complete time‐lapse development of a single embryo was recorded in an artificial mold, developed in our lab, and imaged under a stereomicroscope. It took 8 days to complete the 5 stages of embryonic development (1 cleavage stage, 2 gastrulation stage, 3 nauplius stage, 4 prehatching embryo, and 5 zoea stages). As the decapod eggs are enriched with dense yolk, biochemical determination of the major components was made to evaluate the yolk utilization during embryogenesis. The concentration of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate declined drastically from Stage I (cleavage) to Stage IV (Zoea), reflecting sustained yolk utilization during embryogenesis. The increase in the size of the embryo correlates with changes in water content. Lipids, being the principal organic substrate, changes in the fatty acid (FA) composition of embryos during development were determined by GC. The FA composition was observed within the range of 25%–60.87% for saturated, 22.57%–56.45% for monounsaturated, and 5.64%–18.51% for total polyunsaturated FAs. The essential polyunsaturated fatty acid were higher in Stages I, IV, and V, suggesting a major role in embryogenesis. The cellular proliferation and organogenesis as visualized in the real‐time imaging correlate well with the biochemical variations observed in C. pseudogracilirostris.
Linking the quality of life index and the typology of European administrative units
Authors: Macků Karel , Voženílek Vít , Pászto Vít
Published: November 2021

In recent decades, research into the quality of life has been carried out by scientists and political organizations. This article follows the European Union's call for a multidimensional approach to research into the quality of life. The article puts forward a novel concept for the quality of life, based on key domains and their respective indicators, as described in the available statistical data. Using multidimensional statistical methods, a synthetic quality of life index is constructed on the basis of the defined quality of life indicators, and a typology of European NUTS 2 is proposed. Linking these outputs and the visualisation that identified the main European regions allows us to evaluate living conditions in the context of the quality of life indicators. The results of our study show that the selected data express the differences in the quality of life in European administrative units and reflect the different development of individual areas in the second half of the 20th century.
Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in health care workers
Authors: Benjamanukul Saovanee , Traiyan Sasiwimon , Yorsaeng Ritthideach , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Sudhinaraset Natthinee , Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Poovorawan Yong
Published: November 2021

Effective vaccines are essential for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. CoronaVac, which is an inactivated virus vaccine, was the first imported COVID‐19 vaccine in Thailand. To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac within the Thai population, we conducted a prospective cohort study among health care workers aged 18–59 years, who received a 2‐dose regimen of CoronaVac 21 days apart between March and April 2021 at the hospital in Samut Sakhon, Thailand. We recruited 185 participants with a mean age of 32 years. Total antibodies against receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) against nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 were tested. Total antibodies against RBD were negative before immunization. One volunteer was positive for N, although negative for the RBD antibodies. The seroconversion rate of total antibodies against RBD after the first CoronaVac dose was 67% with a Geometric mean concentration (GMC) of 1.98 U/ml. Following CoronaVac dose 2, the seroconversion rate increased to 100% with a GMC of 92.9 U/ml. The seroconversion rates of IgG against N protein were 1% after dose 1 and 62.8% after dose 2. The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 59.5%. Injection‐site pain was the most common local adverse event (52.4%), while myalgia was the most common systemic adverse event (31.9%). No serious adverse events were observed. A 0–21 days, 2‐dose CoronaVac regimen appears safe, inducing a satisfactory response compared with convalescent serum obtained 4–6 weeks postnatural infection. Antibody responses after 2‐dose CoronaVac were comparable to the convalescent plasma but waned rapidly after 3 months. Therefore, we recommend 2‐dose CoronaVac administration with possible booster doses.
Raman spectra of deuterated hydrocarbons for labeling applications
Authors: Okotrub Konstantin A. , Shamaeva Daria V. , Surovtsev Nikolay V.
Published: November 2021

Raman spectroscopy is used for studying the composition of cell lipidome. However, the Raman approach suffers from limited distinguish power for different lipids. In recent years, isotopically labeled molecules are increasingly used to enhance the Raman resolution of similar compounds in biological samples. Here, we present Raman study of fully deuterated stearic acid (stearic‐d35), semi‐deuterated oleic acid (oleic d‐9), arachidonic acid with deuterated methine groups (arachidonic‐d8), and their hydrogenated analogs. Polarization properties and temperature dependences of CD stretching modes were investigated to reveal the capability of the isotopically shifted Raman peaks in molecular characterization. Sensitivity of Raman peaks to order–disorder transition corresponding was demonstrated for deuterated methine, methylene, and methyl groups. It was found that the isotopically shifted Raman peaks provide information about the orientation of deuterated Raman tags and their surroundings.
Advances in Field‐Assisted 3D Printing of Bio‐Inspired Composites: From Bioprototyping to Manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Xueli , Ren Luquan , Liu Qingping , Song Zhengyi , Wu Qian , He Yulin , Li Bingqian , Ren Lei
Published: November 2021

Biocomposite systems evolve to superior structural strategies in adapting to their living environments, using limited materials to form functionality superior to their inherent properties. The synergy of physical‐field and Three‐dimensional （3D） printing technologies creates unprecedented opportunities that overcome the limitations of traditional manufacturing methods and enable the precise replication of bio‐enhanced structures. Here, an overview of typical structural designs in biocomposite systems, their functions and properties, are provided and the recent advances in bio‐inspired composites using mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and ultrasound‐field‐assisted 3D printing techniques are highlighted. Finally, in order to realize the preparation of bionic functional devices and equipment with more superior functions, here an outlook on the development of field‐assisted 3D printing technology from three aspects are provided: Materials, technology, and post‐processing.
Fully Reduced HMGB1‐Containing Peptide‐Based Polyurethane Scaffold with Minimal Functional Unit of Skin (MFUS) Enhances Large and Deep Wounded Skin Healing
Authors: Chang Peng , Li Shijie , Sun Qian , Guo Kai , Wang Heran , Li Song , Zhang Liming , Xie Yongbao , Zheng Xiongfei , Liu Yunhui
Published: November 2021

A novel peptide‐based polymer is developed by lysine‐diisocyanate (LDI), glycerol (Gly), and fully reduced HMGB1 (frHMGB1). This frHMGB1–LDI–Gly polymer either forms sponge‐like foam (scaffold) or a hydrogel or a film under different reaction conditions. It degrades into nontoxic lysine, glycerol, and frHMGB1. The hydrogel glues tissues together and the glued tissues have strong mechanical properties. The film and scaffold provide the suitable environment for enhancing cell proliferation by releasing frHMGB1. The scaffold carries 1 mm diameter of full‐thickness rat skin‐island as a minimal functional unit of skin (MFUS) to treat large full thickness skin wounds, and the hydrogel glues the MFUS and scaffold with skin edges together (MFUS+Scaffold group). The scaffold treated wounds (Scaffold group) heal much faster than the wounds either treated with MFUS (MFUS group) or without treatment (Wound group). The MFUS+Scaffold treated wound regenerates more functional full‐thickness skin with more hair follicles and sweat glands, higher CD146 and α‐smooth muscle actin levels, more blood vessels and collagen productions, and less scar tissues when compared to the other three groups. The results demonstrate that the combination of frHMGB1–LDI–Gly polymer with MFUS provides a new tissue engineering approach for large full‐thickness skin wound healing.