The Social Structure of the Byzantine Countryside in the First Half of the Xth Century
Authors: OIKONOMIDES Nikos 
Published: November 2014

&nbsp; <p>&Nu;. &Omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&nu;&omicron;&mu;ί&delta;&eta;&sigmaf;</p><p>H &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;&omega;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ή &delta;&omicron;&mu;ή &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ή&sigmaf; &epsilon;&pi;&alpha;&rho;&chi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά &tau;&omicron; &pi;&rho;ώ&tau;&omicron; ή&mu;&iota;&sigma;&upsilon; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &Iota;΄&alpha;&iota;ώ&nu;&alpha; </p><p>&Alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&omicron; <em>De</em><em> </em><em>Administrando</em><em> </em><em>Imperio</em> (&kappa;&epsilon;&phi;. 51, &sigma;&tau;. 199-204 &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &kappa;&epsilon;&phi;. 52) &gamma;&nu;&omega;&rho;ί&zeta;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon; ό&tau;&iota; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά &tau;&eta;&nu; &delta;&epsilon;ύ&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&eta; &epsilon;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&sigma;&alpha;&epsilon;&tau;ί&alpha; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; 10&omicron;&upsilon; &alpha;&iota;ώ&nu;&alpha; &omicron;&iota; &Pi;&epsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&nu;&nu;ή&sigma;&iota;&omicron;&iota; &epsilon;&xi;&alpha;&gamma;ό&rho;&alpha;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &tau;&eta;&nu; &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&mu;&epsilon;&tau;&omicron;&chi;ή &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &sigma;&epsilon; &mu;&iota;&alpha; &epsilon;&kappa;&sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&epsilon;ί&alpha; &sigma;&tau;&eta;&nu; &Iota;&tau;&alpha;&lambda;ί&alpha; &delta;ί&nu;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;&omicron; &kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; 7200 &chi;&rho;&upsilon;&sigma;ά &nu;&omicron;&mu;ί&sigma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; (5 &nu;&omicron;&mu;. &kappa;ά&theta;&epsilon; &epsilon;ύ&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;ώ&tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; 2,5 &kappa;ά&theta;&epsilon; ά&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf;). &Omicron;&iota; &epsilon;&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&iota;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ί &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &kappa;&omicron;&sigma;&mu;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ί &laquo;&delta;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;ί&raquo; (&mu;&eta;&tau;&rho;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;ί&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, &epsilon;&pi;ί&sigma;&kappa;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&iota;, &mu;&omicron;&nu;έ&sigmaf;, &pi;&rho;&omega;&tau;&omicron;&sigma;&pi;&alpha;&theta;ά&rho;&iota;&omicron;&iota;, &sigma;&pi;&alpha;&theta;&alpha;&rho;&omicron;&kappa;&alpha;&nu;&delta;&iota;&delta;ά&tau;&omicron;&iota;, &sigma;&pi;&alpha;&theta;ά&rho;&iota;&omicron;&iota;, &sigma;&tau;&rho;ά&tau;&omega;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf;) έ&delta;&omega;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &chi;ί&lambda;&iota;&alpha; ά&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&alpha;. &Tau;&omicron; &chi;&omega;&rho;ί&omicron; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ό &mu;&pi;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;ί &nu;&alpha; &sigma;&upsilon;&gamma;&kappa;&rho;&iota;&theta;&epsilon;ί &mu;&epsilon; &tau;&omicron; <em>&Pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί &Beta;&alpha;&sigma;&iota;&lambda;&epsilon;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &Tau;ά&xi;</em>&epsilon;&omega;&sigmaf; (&Beta;ό&nu;&nu;&eta;, 666-667) ό&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &alpha;&nu;&alpha;&phi;έ&rho;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ό&tau;&iota; &omicron;&kappa;&tau;&alpha;&kappa;ό&sigma;&iota;&omicron;&iota; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;ώ&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &theta;έ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;&omega;&nu; &Theta;&rho;&alpha;&kappa;&eta;&sigma;ί&omega;&nu; &epsilon;&xi;&alpha;&gamma;ό&rho;&alpha;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &tau;&omicron; 949 &tau;&eta; &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&mu;&epsilon;&tau;&omicron;&chi;ή &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;&eta;&nu; &epsilon;&kappa;&sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&epsilon;ί&alpha; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &Kappa;&rho;ή&tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&beta;ά&lambda;&lambda;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; 2984 &nu;&omicron;&mu;ί&sigma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; (4 &nu;&omicron;&mu;. &omicron;&iota; &epsilon;ύ&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;&iota;, 2 &nu;&omicron;&mu;. &omicron;&iota; ά&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;&iota;).</p><p>&Sigma;&tau;&omicron; &Theta;&rho;&alpha;&kappa;ή&sigma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; &omicron;&iota; ά&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;&iota; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;ώ&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &alpha;&pi;&omicron;&tau;&epsilon;&lambda;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; 13,5% &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;ή&sigmaf; &delta;ύ&nu;&alpha;&mu;&eta;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &theta;έ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;. &Sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&epsilon;&pi;ώ&sigmaf;, &alpha;&nu; &tau;&omicron; &pi;&omicron;&sigma;&omicron;&sigma;&tau;ό &tau;&omega;&nu; &alpha;&pi;ό&rho;&omega;&nu; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &alpha;&nu;ά&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&omicron; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;&eta;&nu; &Pi;&epsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&pi;ό&nu;&nu;&eta;&sigma;&omicron;, &tau;ό&tau;&epsilon; &omicron; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;ό&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ό&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &theta;έ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &theta;&alpha; &alpha;&rho;&iota;&theta;&mu;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&epsilon; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; 1500-1600 ά&nu;&delta;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf;. &Alpha;&nu; &lambda;ά&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon; &upsilon;&pi;ό&psi;&eta; ό&tau;&iota; &kappa;ά&theta;&epsilon; &epsilon;ύ&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;ώ&tau;&eta;&sigmaf; έ&pi;&rho;&epsilon;&pi;&epsilon; &nu;&alpha; έ&chi;&epsilon;&iota; &alpha;&kappa;ί&nu;&eta;&tau;&eta; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;ί&alpha; &alpha;&xi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; 288 &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &chi;&rho;&upsilon;&sigma;ώ&nu; &nu;&omicron;&mu;&iota;&sigma;&mu;ά&tau;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; ό&tau;&iota; &gamma;&iota;&alpha; &nu;&alpha; &alpha;&pi;&omicron;&delta;ώ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ή &eta; &pi;&omicron;&sigma;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; &gamma;&eta;&sigmaf; &chi;&rho;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha;&zeta;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &delta;ύ&omicron; &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&gamma;έ&nu;&epsilon;&iota;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&lambda;&lambda;&iota;&epsilon;&rho;&gamma;&eta;&tau;ώ&nu; &mu;&epsilon; &delta;&iota;&kappa;ά &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &zeta;&epsilon;&upsilon;&gamma;ά&rho;&iota;&alpha;, &tau;ό&tau;&epsilon; &epsilon;ί&nu;&alpha;&iota; &delta;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&tau;ό &nu;&alpha; &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&pi;&epsilon;&rho;ά&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon; ό&tau;&iota; &omicron; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ό&sigmaf; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &Pi;&epsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&nu;&nu;ή&sigma;&omicron;&upsilon; &upsilon;&pi;&omicron;&sigma;&tau;&eta;&rho;&iota;&zeta;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; &tau;ό&tau;&epsilon; &alpha;&pi;ό 2880 &omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&gamma;έ&nu;&epsilon;&iota;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &zeta;&epsilon;&upsilon;&gamma;&alpha;&rho;ά&tau;&omega;&nu; &chi;&omega;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ώ&nu;.</p><p>&Omicron;&iota; &Pi;&epsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&nu;&nu;ή&sigma;&iota;&omicron;&iota; &alpha;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&epsilon;&iota;&sigma;έ&phi;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha;&nu; 1000 ά&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&alpha;. &Tau;&rho;&iota;ά&nu;&tau;&alpha; &pi;&rho;&omicron;έ&rho;&chi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &delta;ύ&omicron; &mu;&eta;&tau;&rho;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;ί&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; έ&nu;&delta;&epsilon;&kappa;&alpha; &epsilon;&pi;&iota;&sigma;&kappa;ό&pi;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;. &Upsilon;&pi;&omicron;&theta;έ&tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon; ό&tau;&iota; &theta;&alpha; &upsilon;&pi;ή&rho;&chi;&alpha;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; 10-20 &pi;&rho;&omega;&tau;&omicron;&sigma;&pi;&alpha;&theta;ά&rho;&iota;&omicron;&iota;, 20-40 &sigma;&pi;&alpha;&theta;&alpha;&rho;&omicron;-&kappa;&alpha;&nu;&delta;&iota;&delta;ά&tau;&omicron;&iota; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; 80-160 &sigma;&pi;&alpha;&theta;ά&rho;&iota;&omicron;&iota; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;&rho;ά&tau;&omega;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, &omicron;&iota; &omicron;&pi;&omicron;ί&omicron;&iota; &theta;&alpha; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;έ&phi;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;ά 150-300 ά&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&alpha;. &Tau;&alpha; &upsilon;&pi;ό&lambda;&omicron;&iota;&pi;&alpha; 380 &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &pi;&rho;&omicron;έ&rho;&chi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu;, &pi;&iota;&theta;&alpha;&nu;ό&tau;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;, &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&alpha; &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;ή&rho;&iota;&alpha;. &Mu;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;&nu;ό&tau;&iota; &omicron;&iota; &upsilon;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ί &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;&omicron;ί &epsilon;ί&nu;&alpha;&iota; &alpha;&upsilon;&theta;&alpha;ί&rho;&epsilon;&tau;&omicron;&iota;, &epsilon;ί&nu;&alpha;&iota; &beta;έ&beta;&alpha;&iota;&omicron; ό&tau;&iota; &theta;&alpha; &upsilon;&pi;ή&rho;&chi;&alpha;&nu; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; 600 &epsilon;&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&iota;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ί &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &kappa;&omicron;&sigma;&mu;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ί &alpha;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;&eta;&nu; &Pi;&epsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&pi;ό&nu;&nu;&eta;&sigma;&omicron;&bull; ό&tau;&iota; &eta; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;ί&alpha; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&lambda;&alpha;&pi;&lambda;&alpha;&sigma;ί&omega;&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon;&gamma;&alpha;&lambda;ύ&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&eta; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&eta;&nu; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;ί&alpha; ό&lambda;&omega;&nu; &tau;&omega;&nu; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&omega;&tau;ώ&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; ό&tau;&iota; &theta;&alpha; &alpha;&pi;&alpha;&sigma;&chi;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&sigma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &alpha;&pi;ό 15.000 &pi;ά&rho;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &zeta;&epsilon;&upsilon;&gamma;&alpha;&rho;ά&tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;, &pi;&iota;&theta;&alpha;&nu;ώ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;ύ &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&sigma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;.</p><p>&Epsilon;ί&nu;&alpha;&iota; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&phi;&alpha;&nu;έ&sigmaf; ό&tau;&iota; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά &tau;&alpha; &mu;έ&sigma;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; 10&omicron;&upsilon; &alpha;&iota;ώ&nu;&alpha; &omicron;&iota; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;ώ&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &theta;έ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &Pi;&epsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&nu;&nu;ή&sigma;&omicron;&upsilon; ή&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &lambda;&iota;&gamma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&iota; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&chi;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf;, &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;'&alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ό, &kappa;&alpha;&iota; ό&tau;&iota; &omicron;&iota; &pi;ά&rho;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&iota; &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &epsilon;&rho;&gamma;ά&zeta;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &gamma;&iota;&alpha; &lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&alpha;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&sigma;&mu;ό &tau;&omega;&nu; &laquo;&delta;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&tau;ώ&nu;&raquo; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &theta;έ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; ή&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&lambda;&alpha;&pi;&lambda;&alpha;&sigma;ί&omega;&sigmaf; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&sigma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&iota; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &epsilon;&lambda;&epsilon;ύ&theta;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &chi;&omega;&rho;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &upsilon;&pi;&eta;&rho;&epsilon;&tau;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;&omicron; &sigma;&tau;&rho;ά&tau;&epsilon;&upsilon;&mu;&alpha;.</p><p>&Alpha;&nu;ά&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&eta; &epsilon;&iota;&kappa;ό&nu;&alpha; &pi;&rho;έ&pi;&epsilon;&iota; &nu;&alpha; &pi;&alpha;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;ί&alpha;&zeta;&epsilon; &tau;ό&tau;&epsilon; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &tau;&omicron; &Theta;&rho;&alpha;&kappa;ή&sigma;&iota;&omicron;&nu;, ό&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &omicron; &alpha;&rho;&iota;&theta;&mu;ό&sigmaf; &tau;&omega;&nu; &gamma;&epsilon;&omega;&rho;&gamma;ώ&nu;-&sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&omega;&tau;ώ&nu; &epsilon;ί&chi;&epsilon; &mu;&epsilon;&iota;&omega;&theta;&epsilon;ί &alpha;&kappa;ό&mu;&eta; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&sigma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;: &sigma;&tau;&omicron; &theta;έ&mu;&alpha; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ό, &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&upsilon;&alpha;&nu;&theta;&rho;&omega;&pi;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &pi;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;&iota;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&eta;&nu; &Pi;&epsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&pi;ό&nu;&nu;&eta;&sigma;&omicron;, &eta; &epsilon;&xi;έ&lambda;&iota;&xi;&eta; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;&omega;&nu;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &epsilon;ί&chi;&epsilon; &epsilon;&pi;&iota;&tau;&epsilon;&lambda;&epsilon;&sigma;&theta;&epsilon;ί &tau;&alpha;&chi;ύ&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; ό&phi;&epsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &alpha;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &beta;ά&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;&omega;&nu; &mu;&iota;&kappa;&rho;ώ&nu; &epsilon;&lambda;&epsilon;ύ&theta;&epsilon;&rho;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&lambda;&lambda;&iota;&epsilon;&rho;&gamma;&eta;&tau;ώ&nu;. &Eta; &delta;&omicron;&mu;ή &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;&omega;&nu;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &upsilon;&pi;&alpha;ί&theta;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon; &epsilon;ί&chi;&epsilon; &alpha;&lambda;&lambda;ά&xi;&epsilon;&iota; &omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;&iota;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ά &pi;&rho;&iota;&nu; &alpha;&kappa;ό&mu;&eta; &alpha;&rho;&chi;ί&sigma;&epsilon;&iota; &eta; &nu;&omicron;&mu;&omicron;&theta;&epsilon;&sigma;ί&alpha;&nbsp;&nbsp; &tau;&omega;&nu;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Mu;&alpha;&kappa;&epsilon;&delta;ό&nu;&omega;&nu;&nbsp;&nbsp; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ό&rho;&omega;&nu;,&nbsp;&nbsp; &pi;&omicron;&upsilon;&nbsp;&nbsp; &epsilon;&pi;&epsilon;&delta;ί&omega;&kappa;&alpha;&nu;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nu;&alpha; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&tau;&epsilon;ύ&sigma;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &tau;&eta; &mu;&iota;&kappa;&rho;ή &epsilon;&lambda;&epsilon;ύ&theta;&epsilon;&rho;&eta; &iota;&delta;&iota;&omicron;&kappa;&tau;&eta;&sigma;ί&alpha;.</p>