bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blade number effects on performance and internal flow dynamics in high-speed coolant pumps
Authors: Wang Dongcheng , Gu Yandong , Stephen Christopher , Ji Qingfeng
Published: January 2025

The high-speed coolant pump is a critical component in battery energy storage systems, responsible for circulating heat transfer fluid and enabling efficient thermal energy exchange. This study investigates the effect of blade number (Z = 4–9) on the pump's energy performance and internal flow characteristics through experimental and numerical methods. Results show that as the blade number increases, the head and efficiency initially rise and then decline, with Z = 6, Z = 7, and Z = 8 achieving comparable performance at 1.0Qd. While changes in blade number minimally affect disk, volumetric, and volute efficiencies, they significantly influence hydraulic and impeller efficiencies. Pressure distribution analysis reveals that increasing the blade number to Z = 6 and Z = 7 reduces the low-pressure region at the impeller inlet and improves uniformity. Flow characteristics analysis shows that increasing the blade number reduces flow separation and the “jet-wake” effect but an excessive number of blades also raises turbulent kinetic energy, compromising flow stability. Similarly, entropy production decreases initially but rises again at Z = 8 and Z = 9, resulting in reduced energy performance. Overall, the pump's energy performance and internal flow characteristics follow an “inverted U-shaped” trend as blade number increases, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate blade number to improve flow conditions, minimize energy losses, and enhance operational stability. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing blade design in coolant pumps.
Lateral olivocochlear neurons modulate cochlear responses to noise exposure
Authors: Sitko Austen A. , Frank Michelle M. , Romero Gabriel E. , Hunt Mackenzie , Goodrich Lisa V.
Published: January 2025

The sense of hearing originates in the cochlea, which detects sounds across dynamic sensory environments. Like other peripheral organs, the cochlea is subjected to environmental insults, including loud, damage-inducing sounds. In response to internal and external stimuli, the central nervous system directly modulates cochlear function through olivocochlear neurons (OCNs), which are located in the brainstem and innervate the cochlear sensory epithelium. One population of OCNs, the lateral olivocochlear (LOC) neurons, target spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the primary sensory neurons of the ear. LOCs alter their transmitter expression for days to weeks in response to noise exposure (NE), suggesting that they could tune SGN excitability over long time periods in response to auditory experience. To examine how LOCs affect auditory function after NE, we characterized OCN transcriptional profiles and found transient LOC-specific gene expression changes after NE, including upregulation of multiple neuropeptide-encoding genes. Next, by generating intersectional mouse lines that selectively target LOCs, we chemogenetically ablated LOCs and assayed auditory responses at baseline and after NE. Compared to controls, mice with reduced LOC innervation showed greater NE-induced functional deficits 1 d later and had worse auditory function after a 2-wk recovery period. The number of remaining presynaptic puncta at the SGN synapse with inner hair cells did not differ between control and LOC-ablated animals, suggesting that the primary role of LOCs after NE is likely not to protect but instead to compensate, ensuring that SGN function is enhanced during periods of need.
The
Pseudomonas
ligninolytic catalytic network reveals the importance of auxiliary enzymes in lignin biocatalysts
Authors: Liang Congying , Lin Lu , Xu Tao , Kang Guoqiang , Liu Zhi-Hua , Li Bing-Zhi
Published: January 2025

Lignin degradation by biocatalysts is a key strategy to develop a plant-based sustainable carbon economy and thus alleviate global climate change. This process involves synergy between ligninases and auxiliary enzymes. However, auxiliary enzymes within secretomes, which are composed of thousands of enzymes, remain enigmatic, although several ligninolytic enzymes have been well characterized. Moreover, it is a challenge to understand synergistic lignin degradation via a diverse array of enzymes, especially in bacterial systems. In this study, the coexpression network of the periplasmic proteome uncovers potential accessory enzymes for B-type dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DypBs) in
Pseudomonas putida
A514. The catalytic network of the DypBs-based multienzyme complex is characterized. DypBs couple with quinone reductases and nitroreductase to participate in quinone redox cycling. They work with superoxide dismutase to induce Fenton reaction for lignin oxidation. A synthetic enzyme cocktail (SEC), recruiting 15 enzymes, was consequently designed with four functions. It overcomes the limitation of lignin repolymerization, exhibiting a capacity comparable to that of the native periplasmic secretome. Importantly, we reveal the synergistic mechanism of a SEC-A514 cell system, which incorporates the advantages of in vitro enzyme catalysis and in vivo microbial catabolism. Chemical analysis shows that this system significantly reduces the molecular weight of lignin, substantially extends the degradation spectra for lignin functional groups, and efficiently metabolizes lignin derivatives. As a result, 25% of lignin is utilized, and its average molecular weight is reduced by 27%. Our study advances the knowledge of bacterial lignin-degrading multienzymes and provides a viable lignin degradation strategy.
Heterogeneous and multiple conformational transition pathways between pseudoknots of the SARS-CoV-2 frameshift element
Authors: Yan Shuting , Schlick Tamar
Published: January 2025

Frameshifting is an essential mechanism employed by many viruses including coronaviruses to produce viral proteins from a compact RNA genome. It is facilitated by specific RNA folds in the frameshift element (FSE), which has emerged as an important therapeutic target. For SARS-CoV-2, a specific 3-stem pseudoknot has been identified to stimulate frameshifting. However, prior studies and our RNA-As-Graphs analysis coupled to chemical reactivity experiments revealed other folds, including a different pseudoknot. Although structural plasticity has been proposed to play a key role in frameshifting, paths between different FSE RNA folds have not been yet identified. Here, we capture atomic-level transition pathways between two key FSE pseudoknots by transition path sampling coupled to Markov State Modeling and our BOLAS free energy method. We reveal multiple transition paths within a heterogeneous, multihub conformational landscape. A shared folding mechanism involves RNA stem unpairing followed by a 5
′
-chain end release. Significantly, this pseudoknot transition critically tunes the tension through the RNA spacer region and places the viral RNA in the narrow ribosomal channel. Our work further explains the role of the alternative pseudoknot in ribosomal pausing and clarifies why the experimentally captured pseudoknot is preferred for frameshifting. Our capturing of this large-scale transition of RNA secondary and tertiary structure highlights the complex pathways of biomolecules and the inherent multifarious aspects that viruses developed to ensure virulence and survival. This enhanced understanding of viral frameshifting also provides insights to target key transitions for therapeutic applications. Our methods are generally applicable to other large-scale biomolecular transitions.
Life sets off a cascade of machines
Authors: Tlusty Tsvi , Libchaber Albert
Published: January 2025

Life is invasive, occupying all physically accessible scales, stretching between almost nothing (protons, electrons, and photons) and almost everything (the whole biosphere). Motivated by seventeenth-century insights into this infinity, this paper proposes a language to discuss life as an infinite double cascade of machines making machines. Using this simplified language, we first discuss the micro-cascade proposed by Leibniz, which describes how the self-reproducing machine of the cell is built of smaller submachines down to the atomic scale. In the other direction, we propose that a macro-cascade builds from cells larger, organizational machines, up to the scale of the biosphere. The two cascades meet at the critical point of 10
3
s in time and 1 micron in length, the scales of a microbial cell. We speculate on how this double cascade evolved once a self-replicating machine emerged in the salty water of prebiotic earth.
Scholarly authors as self-translators
Authors: Elsherif Garda
Published: January 2025

This paper examines traces of (self-)translation in the work of the Egyptian philosopher Hasan Hanafi (1935–2021),
whose academic career reflects the increasing globality of the academic field. The paper analyses Hanafi’s academic migration to
France to complete his doctorate, his self-translational efforts to adapt to the French academic tradition, and the influence of
his (physical and linguistic) migration on his later philosophical texts in Arabic. Hanafi was convinced that the ‘archaic’ Arabic
language alienated Muslims from their own heritage, and in his later philosophical texts he thus sought to renew the Arabic
language and to re-express fundamental concepts of the classical Islamic teachings. The concepts he aimed to re-express were
already translated into French in his doctoral thesis. This article addresses these terminological translations into French and
back into Arabic, and discusses the conceptual transformations that occurred on the way, inspired by Hanafi’s reading of Husserl
and the German Idealists.
Use of a mechanical roller-crimper as an alternative kill method for cover crops
Authors: Ashford Dana L. , Reeves D. Wayne
Published: January 2025

Cover crops have long been recognized as a beneficial component of many cropping systems; however, their use is still not commonplace. Usage may be increased by identifying more cost-effective and environment-friendly techniques for cover-crop management. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using a mechanical roller-crimper as-an alternative method for killing cover crops. The study location was in east-central Alabama, using a split-split plot experimental design with four replications and 3 site-years during 1999–2000. Rye, wheat and black oat were evaluated in terms of ease of kill and optimum time of kill using a roller-crimper, two herbicides (paraquat and glyphosate) at their labeled rate, and two reduced chemical (half label rate) combinations of the same chemicals with the roller-crimper. Four Feekes' scale growth stages were used to determine optimum time of kill; 8.0 (flag leaf), 10.51 (anthesis), 10.54 (early milk) and 11.2 (soft dough). Plant growth stage was the main determining factor for effectiveness of the roller-crimper for killing the cover crops. At the flag leaf stage, the roller-crimper provided only 19% kill across all covers over the 3 site-years. After plants reached anthesis, the roller-crimper with half-rate herbicide combinations equaled the effectiveness of herbicides alone at their label rate, averaging 94% kill. By the soft dough growth stage, all kill methods were equally effective due to accelerating plant senescence (95% mean kill across kill methods). Use of the roller-crimper alone after anthesis can decrease costs by as much as $26.28 per ha, while providing a kill rate equivalent to that of herbicide treatment alone.
On the multi-q characteristics of magnetic ground states of honeycomb cobalt oxides
Authors: Gu Yuchen , Jin Xianghong , Li Yuan
Published: January 2025

The Kitaev honeycomb model has received significant attention for its exactly solvable quantum spin liquid ground states and fractionalized excitations. For realizing the model, layered cobalt oxides have been considered a promising platform. Yet, in contrast to the conventional wisdom about single-q zigzag magnetic order inferred from previous studies of the Na2IrO3 and α RuCl3 candidate materials, recent experiments on two of the representative honeycomb cobalt oxides, hexagonal Na2Co2TeO6 and monoclinic Na3Co2SbO6, have uncovered evidence for more complex multi-q variants of the zigzag order. This review surveys on experimental strategies to distinguish between single- and multi-q orders, along with the crystallographic symmetries of the cobalt oxides in comparison to the previously studied systems. General formation mechanism of multi-q order is also briefly discussed. The goal is to provide some rationales for examining the relevance of multi-q order in the honeycomb cobalt oxides, along with its implications on the microscopic model of these intriguing quantum magnets.
Signatures of the speed of sound on the gravitational wave power spectrum from sound waves
Authors: Giombi Lorenzo , Dahl Jani , Hindmarsh Mark
Published: January 2025

Future space-based interferometers offer an unprecedented opportunity to detect signals from the stochastic gravitational wave background originating from a first-order phase transition at the electroweak scale. The phase transition is accompanied by a change of the equation of state from that of pure radiation. In this work we study the effect of this change on the power spectrum of gravitational waves generated by the sound waves in the plasma during the acoustic phase of the transition. We carry out an analytic calculation assuming that the sound speed and the fluid shear-stress that sources tensor perturbations remain approximately constant during the acoustic phase. The effect of a softer equation of state is twofold:
(i) a scale-independent suppression of the power spectrum at all scales, due to the modified propagation of both sound and gravitational waves and
(ii) the peak of the spectrum moves to smaller frequencies as the equation of state becomes softer.
The power-law indices of the spectrum at small and large scales are unaffected by the softening of the equation of state. Our work improves the current estimation of the gravitational waves power spectrum from first order phase transitions and expands the possible scenarios of transitions that can be tested by gravitational wave detectors.
Axi-Higgs portal dark matter via Wess-Zumino mechanism
Authors: Anilkumar Akshay , Arun Mathew Thomas , Nair Arjun S.
Published: January 2025

We study the axion portal between the visible and the dark sector, where the dark matter is charged under an abelian extension of the Standard Model. In general, such models are anomalous and are rendered gauge invariant by a Stückelberg axion through Wess-Zumino/Green-Schwarz mechanism. Scenarios such as this naturally exist in TeV scale string theory completions of Standard Model. This axion mixes with other Goldstone bosons in the model to give a physical axi-Higgs which becomes massive upon breaking the anomalous gauge group. Such axi-Higgs fields charged under the anomalous symmetry act as mediators for the dark matter annihilation to Standard Model particles and can lead to an efficient freeze-out mechanism. Here, we show that the Stückelberg axion, and the resultant axi-Higgs, with its appropriate shift symmetry cancels the quantum anomalies and also generates the observed relic density for the dark matter. Moreover, we show that the relevant parameter space in our model, where photon production dominates, is safe from FermiLAT, Cherenkov Telescope Array, and H.E.S.S. indirect detection experiments.
Computational microscopy with the PERCIVAL detector system at TwinMic beamline
Authors: Guzzi Francesco , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Stebel Luigi , Giuressi Dario , Cautero Giuseppe , Borghes Roberto , Gregori Iztok , Billè Fulvio , Scarcia Martin , Bonanni Valentina , Žižić Milan , Hyun HyoJung , Nichols William , Correa Jonathan , Marras Alessandro , Wunderer Cornelia B. , Graafsma Heinz , Menk Ralf Hendrik , Kourousias George
Published: January 2025

PERCIVAL is a novel soft X-ray detection system designed for the needs of modern microscopy. By integrating it into the TwinMic end-station at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, we conducted an exploratory computational microscopy experiment on biological samples, aiming at evaluating the entire system in a real use-case scenario. We present the methodology to convert the RAW data and our high-resolution image reconstructions.
An intra-pulse feedforward algorithm for improving pulsed microwave and beam stability
Authors: Zhu Jinfu , Ding Hongli , Han Jiawei , Li Haokui , Yang Jiayue , Zhang Weiqing
Published: January 2025

During the pulsed operation of the linear accelerator in
Dalian Coherent Light Source (DCLS), we observe a strong correlation
between the klystron modulator's high voltage and the klystron
output microwave, with noticeable stratification among
microwaves. Therefore, we propose an intra-pulse feedforward
algorithm and implement it in Low-Level Radiofrequency (LLRF)
systems. This algorithm assumes that the transfer model of the
microwave system is linear within a small range of work points and
measures the transfer coefficient of the microwave between the LLRF
and klystron. For each pulsed microwave of the klystron output, the
LLRF system first calculates the vector deviation between the
initial measurement within its pulse and the target. The deviation
will be compensated in the LLRF excitation so that the
stratification in the later part of the pulsed microwave is
suppressed. Experiments have shown that this algorithm can
effectively suppress the stratification among microwaves. The
microwave amplitude and phase stability (RMS) are improved from
0.10%/0.19∘ to 0.07%/0.06∘ (klystron 4, for
example), and the beam energy stability is significantly enhanced
from 0.14% to 0.08%. This algorithm can also be applied to other
FEL accelerators operating in pulsed modes.
Enhanced interannual variability of the terrestrial carbon sink in China under high emissions
Authors: Wu Han , Zhang Li , He Honglin , Ren Xiaoli , Zhang Mengyu , Chu Dingjin , Zheng Yuanhao
Published: January 2025

Interannual variability (IAV) of terrestrial carbon uptake is a major contributor to the variation of atmospheric CO2. With the influence of the East Asian monsoon, future climate variability would significantly increase in China. However, how these future changes will modulate the IAV of China’s terrestrial carbon sinks remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the IAV of China’s terrestrial net ecosystem productivity (NEPIAV) and investigated the potential impacts of climate change under various scenarios during the 21st century using the outputs from nine Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models. The results reveal that China’s terrestrial NEPIAV would be enhanced under higher emissions scenarios from 2015 to 2100. The standard deviation of national NEPIAV under the SSP585 scenario rises by 12% compared with SSP126. The most prominent contribution to this enhancement in the total NEPIAV comes from a larger NEP IAV in summer (10%), particularly in the subtropical–tropical monsoonal climate zone in China. Moreover, the enhancement is largely attributed to the intensified IAV in temperature and precipitation in the monsoonal climate zones as well as the heightened sensitivity to them, especially in the ecosystems of the subtropical–tropical monsoonal zone. Compared with monsoonal precipitation, IAV of temperature in the subtropical–tropical monsoonal climate zone also plays an important role in NEPIAV under higher emissions scenarios. Our results highlight the crucial influence of future fluctuations in monsoon climate systems on terrestrial carbon sink IAV and the urgency of reducing the uncertainties of Earth system models in predicting both climate in monsoon regions and the responses of carbon cycling processes to temperature.
Assessing mangrove forest changes using vegetation index algorithm in southern west Lombok
Authors: Sukuryadi  , Johari H I , Ibrahim  , Adiansyah J S , Nurhayati
Published: January 2025

The availability of multi-temporal remote sensing data, particularly satellite imagery combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), enables effective monitoring of changes in the condition and extent of mangrove forests. This study aims to analyze temporal changes in mangrove forests and evaluate their condition through a vegetation index analysis in southern West Lombok. The research methodology involves field observations and remote sensing data analysis, employing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as the primary vegetation index algorithm. The multi-temporal analysis focuses on three key years: 2001, 2008, and 2022, revealing significant changes in the mangrove ecosystem based on the classification of vegetation index values derived from Landsat satellite imagery. The findings indicate that by 2008, the mangrove ecosystem had experienced severe degradation, primarily due to land conversion for activities such as aquaculture and settlement development, as well as extensive logging by local communities for firewood and other uses.
The influence of social reference on the green social movement among youth in Indonesia
Authors: Kabbaro H , Mashabi N A , Arlianty L S , Zulfa V , Anesti F , Oktaviani A
Published: January 2025

This research analyzes social references’ influence on the youth green social movement. The sample in this research was selected using a survey sampling technique and involved 798 youth. Data was obtained using a questionnaire. The instrument used to measure social references consists of 12 statement items based on the dimensions of informational influence, utilitarian influence, and value-expressive influence. The instrument used to calculate the green social movement consists of 28 statement items based on actual commitment, verbal commitment, influence, and knowledge. The data was processed and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the regression equation results, it can be seen that if the social reference variable is increased by one unit, the green social movement will increase by 0,658 at a constant of 66,237. This research shows a coefficient of determination with a value of R Square= 0.244. The Social Reference variable can explain 24.4% of the green social movement variant. Meanwhile, 75.6% is explained by other variables not determined in this research. These results show that the higher the social reference, the higher the green social movement.
Contribution of coffee farming and goat livestock based integration in Karo regency, north Sumatra province
Authors: Ginting A , Purba E , Chalil D , Diana N
Published: January 2025

This research evaluated the contribution of coffee farming and goat farming to farm income. It was conducted in Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, where the Starbucks Farmer Support Center (SFSC) supported the area, which empowered farmers to develop an integrated farming system for coffee and goat farming. The sample size was determined using the census method, a sampling technique based on the Population size. The data analysis was performed descriptively, analyzing the income from coffee farming and goat farming and the contributions of each business to farmer income. The results indicated that the average income from coffee farming after integration was Rp 14,262,639.20, while goat farming generated an income of Rp 4,063,601.19. The efficiency of coffee farming was reflected in the R/C value of 4.92, compared to goat farming, which had an R/C value of 1.72. Coffee farming contributed 77.83% to farm income, whereas goat farming contributed 22.17%. Based on these findings, it was recommended that farmers increase the number of goats they raised to enhance both income and efficiency.
Secondary metabolite profile and free-radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extract of bidara fruit and leaves (ziziphus mauritiana)
Authors: Sugara T H , Fitriana Y , Koswara I , Fahrurrozi  , Chasanah E , Adam M A , Nurbaety B , Dewi E S , Hati M P , Furqani N
Published: January 2025

Ziziphus Mauritiana has high economic value but is still considered a nuisance plant for most people. Not only are the fruit and some parts of the Z. Mauritiana plant rich in nutrients, but they also contain bioactive compounds that can benefit health. This study aimed to provide information on the profile of secondary metabolites and free-radical scavenging activity of Z. Mauritiana fruit and leaf extracts. The study consisted of four stages: sample powder preparation, extraction process, phytochemical screening, and free-radical scavenging activity assay by DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl) method. The yield of ethyl acetate extract of Z. Mauritiana fruit and leaves obtained from the maceration process was 9.86 g (3.28%) and 12.92 g (4.30%), respectively. Phytochemical screening showed that ethyl acetate extract of Z. Mauritiana fruit and leaves contained flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids. Both extracts showed free-radical scavenging activity in the strong category (IC50 = 50-100 ppm). The ethyl acetate extract of Z. Mauritiana leaves has better free-radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 66.09 ppm) than the fruit (IC50 = 73.39 ppm). The results showed that the fruit and leaves of Z. Mauritiana contain flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, which act as free radical scavengers and can be used as alternative food sources with potential antioxidant properties.
Formulation of red rice powder beverages: effects of maltodextrin and egg white powder on chemical properties and sensory acceptance
Authors: Romulo A , Hendrawan T
Published: January 2025

The enormous appeal of red rice can be attributed to its vivid crimson hue, unique taste, high nutritional content, and adaptability in various culinary and beverage contexts. The increasing global demand presents prospects for developing novel products, such as powdered beverages. Fillers such as maltodextrin and bulking substances, namely egg white powder, are essential in formulating red rice powdered beverages. These components play a critical role in establishing the liking of product and its chemical characteristics. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of maltodextrin and egg white powder on the acceptability of sensory and chemical properties of beverages made with red rice powder. A range of maltodextrin concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%) and egg white powder concentrations (4%, 4.5%, and 5%) were examined as independent variables. The analysis included measurements of water content, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and level of hedonic acceptability. Significant reductions in water content (from 4.69% to 3.96%), total phenolic content (from 16.09 to 6.98 mg GAE/g dry sample), and antioxidant capacity (from 0.0009 to 0.0003 mg TE/g dry sample) were seen with greater quantities of egg white powder and maltodextrin. In addition, higher quantities of these constituents led to enhanced lightness of the powdered drinks. However, changes in the amounts of egg white powder and maltodextrin did not lead to significant differences in overall sensory acceptability. This indicates that red rice powdered beverages can be formulated without compromising consumer acceptance, providing an opportunity to enhance shelf life and stability.
Digital e-business: business model canvas for marketing expansion feasibility in hydroponic farm
Authors: Fathin S , Noviana R
Published: January 2025

Hydroponic is an agricultural system without using soil as a planting medium. The existence of vegetable production at hydroponic farms, which has yet to be absorbed by the market, and the increase in household consumers is an opportunity to maximize the potential in marketing products to reach the B2C (Business to Consumer). This research aimed to analyze the feasibility of digital marketing as the marketing expansion strategy for hydroponic farming, which was conducted using Business Model Canvas (BMC) and R/C ratio analysis. Digital marketing strategies can be implemented to expand the marketing reach of hydroponic vegetables, including recruiting social media specialists, using Instagram ads, and providing endorsements. Digital marketing influenced the increase in cost components by 18.72%, with R/C ratio analysis results of 3.11. This showed that using digital media as a marketing medium for hydroponic vegetables is feasible for financial development.
Investigating entrepreneurship driving factors of women-owned SMEs in Pekanbaru
Authors: Kurniasih C E , Aulia A F , Aqualdo N , Zuryani H
Published: January 2025

This highlights the critical role of women-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) initiated by the government in improving the economy. This study aimed to analyze the effect of age, marital status, education, number of household members, and entrepreneurial experience on women’s entrepreneurship in Pekanbaru City. To this end, we collected a sample of 75 respondents, including women entrepreneurs from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) owners and non-entrepreneurs. A binary logistic model was used to analyze the proposed relationships. Empirical results suggested that respondent characteristics are essential in influencing women’s decisions in entrepreneurship. In particular, women of young age and experience in business have more significant opportunities. The study also found that women with lower education are likelier to start a business than women with higher education. This study signified a need for entrepreneurship policies responsive to youth so that youth have great potential to open new businesses.
Exploring agricultural local wisdom in the indigenous bonokeling community of Banyumas District in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Budiyoko  , Sunendar  , Verrysaputro E A , Nashar
Published: January 2025

The Bonokeling indigenous community in Pekuncen Village, Jatilawang Sub-district, Banyumas District, Central Java Province, continued to uphold their ancestral beliefs and traditions in their daily social practices, including agricultural activities. This study explored the rich local knowledge and farming practices of the Bonokeling indigenous community in Central Java, Indonesia, particularly those related to rice cultivation. The study was conducted qualitatively using a human instrument approach. Data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with the community leader and rice farmers in Pekuncen Village. The observation took place over 20 days, involving one community leader and 50 rice farmers. The Bonokeling community had integrated a series of rituals and traditions throughout the rice farming process, from pre-planting to post-harvest. These practices were deeply rooted in spiritual beliefs and closely tied to the natural environment, serving as symbols of reverence for divine forces and contributing significantly to environmental sustainability and agricultural resilience. The findings highlighted the adaptability of the Bonokeling community to changing environments and their resilience to challenges such as climate change, supported by traditional ecological knowledge in maintaining sustainable farming practices and natural pest control. This study emphasized the urgency of preserving local knowledge to achieve ecological balance and food security within indigenous communities.
Profitability and feasibility of rice farming amidst the phenomena of climate change
Authors: Rachmah M A , Yoko B , Wulandari M M
Published: January 2025

Climate change has a significant impact on agricultural commodity production. Likewise with rice production in Banyumas Regency. Several areas in Banyumas Regency have fluctuating rice production depending on how much the area is affected by climate change. This study aimed to (1) analyze the profitability and feasibility of rice farming and (2) determine the difference in rice farming income in areas severely affected by climate change and less affected by climate change. The study was conducted in Banyumas Regency from January to June 2024 with a sample of 90 farmers using the purposive random sampling method. The research locations were selected in Kembaran District, which was less affected by climate change, and Sumpiuh District, whose agricultural sector was severely affected by climate change. The data analysis used was calculating gross margin, net farm income, return on investment, R/C ratio, and independent sample t-test. The result shows that the gross margin, net farm income return on investment, and R/C ratio of rice farming in the Kembaran District were higher than in the Sumpiuh District. The results of the independent sample-test analysis showed differences in farm income in Kembaran and Sumpiuh Districts. Climate change has a real impact on agricultural income. Therefore, further research is recommended to develop effective strategies and policies to mitigate the impact of climate change on rice farming.
Green business model canvas: a framework for sustainable business practice
Authors: Aini N
Published: January 2025

The Business Model Canvas (BMC) is a strategic management framework that helps companies map out fundamental values within their operations. The BMC illustrates how a company creates value, delivers value, and enables the company to enhance value through more structured innovation. Incorporating environmental sustainability values into the Business Model Canvas (BMC) is essential to promote sustainable business practices. This research aimed to develop a canvas that integrates the company’s business model with environmental sustainability values to build a sustainable business. Every business was asked to think about more environmentally friendly alternatives from all aspects of value proposition, value turnover, and value generation contained in the sustainable business model canvas called Green Business Model Canvas. Green BMC comprises Green Value Proposition, Customer Segment, Green Channels, Green Relationships, Green Partnerships, Green Resources, Green Activities, Green Revenue, and Green Costs. Green BMC can be used by various business scales in all business fields as an easy way to transform every business into a sustainable business. This research invited all parties to apply the Green Business Model Canvas to create joint case studies regarding green practices in sustainability-based business development.
The role of banks and local government in developing MSMEs for sustainability competitive advantage
Authors: Susandini A , Nugroho P , Safitri W
Published: January 2025

This research aimed to examine the role of banking and local Government in developing MSMEs in Madura to enhance their competitive advantage for sustainability. Researchers used purposive sampling to collect samples from various MSMEs in the Pamekasan and Sumenep districts. This research was conducted in Sumenep and Pamekasan Regency with one hundred samples of MSME entrepreneurs, local Government, and the management of the local bank of Sumenep and Pamekasan Regency. The data was collected using interviews, field observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The data was analyzed using a mixed method with an exploratory design model. The results of this study indicated that banks significantly influence the development of MSMEs in the Pamekasan and Sumenep districts, with a positive regression coefficient of 0.417 and a significance test result of 0.000. Nevertheless, the local Government has an influence. Still, it is insignificant in developing MSMEs in the Pamekasan and Sumenep districts, with positive regression coefficients of 0.104 and a significance test result of 0.091. The findings of this research provided solutions to enhance the competitive advantage of MSMEs in Madura, ensuring their continued existence and sustainability. This included increasing MSME entrepreneurs’ understanding of how to obtain accessible and appropriate capital for the smooth operation of their businesses and encouraging them to seek information on competitors, innovation, and other related issues.
Social capital as pillars of sustainable palm oil plantation: insights from farmer organization dynamics
Authors: Ismail R , Aisyah D , Elida L , Othman Z , Sihotang D
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explain and emphasize that optimizing social capital in farmer organizations can lead to sustainable plantations aligned with Government development goals. Focusing on the dynamics of two farmer groups Agro Prima (15 farmer groups) and Mujur Jaya (16 farmer groups) the research conducted in Hutaimbaru, Padangsidimpuan City, and Aek Kuo, North Labuhan Batu Regency revealed that social capital acted as a double-edged sword for these organizations. In Agro Prima, strong social capital fostered collective action, as evidenced by producing organic fertilizers; however, dominant leadership created dependence and inequality. In contrast, Mujur Jaya’s leadership successfully built external social networks but lacked internal solidarity among the farmer groups. These findings suggested that the various programs and activities implemented by the farmer organization were rooted in social capital, which strengthened their ability to collaborate, build networks, and secure support from external parties, such as local Government and private companies. Therefore, this research is expected to serve as a reference for the Government in enhancing the existence and capacity of farmer organizations, enabling them to coordinate more effectively with governmental goals and realize sustainable plantations.
Analysis of human resource management capabilities and models in seaweed production
Authors: Afifah Z , Kuswinarno M
Published: January 2025

The seaweed commodity is a cultivation commodity that is one of the leading sectors in 2022-2024, with a potential annual growth of 10.5% and revenues touching Rp734.4 trillion in 2030. Indonesia is also the second largest seaweed producer in the world, with the results of calculations of the Trade Intensity Index (TII) values in several countries being pretty high. However, the condition of seaweed cultivation and processing still has various obstacles and challenges, especially regarding the problem of low productivity of seaweed cultivation caused by low mastery of technology and low human resources. Therefore, this study explored the level of human resource management capabilities and management models in Sumenep, the second-best seaweed-producing area at the national level and number one in East Java. This research used qualitative research with descriptive methods through a case study approach. The results showed that the ability of human resources has partially fulfilled the qualifications but not maximized so that the planning of human resource improvement models that can be applied in the future is more focused on sustainable development programs, the use of technology, and price monitoring by the Government in stabilizing seaweed prices. Therefore, there will not be many people who change professions, and the target of seaweed production can be achieved.
Development of micro, small and medium enterprises through creativity and product innovation: empirical study of Pamekasan regency MSME players
Authors: Samsuki  , Wispandono M
Published: January 2025

This research advanced previous research by explaining the function of business growth, creativity, and product innovation, especially for MSMEs in Pamekasan Regency. Quantitative descriptive methodology was the research strategy used. Multiple linear regression analysis was used in hypothesis testing. A sample of sixty people was obtained using non-probability and incidental sampling methods for sample determination. In this example, MSME business actors in Pamekasan Regency’s research methodology and hypotheses were evaluated through surveys and respondents’ answers. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) The creative component greatly helps the growth of MSMEs; and (2) The product innovation variable significantly impacts the development of MSMEs.
Performance of radio frequency ion thruster with polytetrafluoroethylene propellant embedded in discharge chamber
Authors: Ma Longfei , liu jinhao , Fu Jiahao , He Jianwu , Duan Li , Kang Qi
Published: January 2025

Exploring solid propellants for electric thrusters can simplify the propellant storage and supply units in propulsion systems. In this study, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commonly used as a propellant in pulsed plasma thrusters, was embedded in the discharge chamber of a radio frequency ion thruster (RIT-4) to investigate the performance of an ablation-type RIT. Experimental results indicate that PTFE can decompose and ionize stably under plasma ablation within the discharge chamber, producing –C–F– and F– ion clusters that form a stable plasma. By adjusting the length of the PTFE propellant, it was observed that its decomposition rate influences the ion beam current of the thruster. Compared with xenon, PTFE generates an ion plume with a larger divergence angle, ranging from 16.05° to 22.74° at an ion beam current of 25 mA, with a floating potential distribution of 8 V to 56 V. Assuming that the proportion of neutral gas in the vacuum chamber matches the ion species ratio in the ion plume, thrust, specific impulse and efficiency parameters were calculated for the RIT-4 with embedded PTFE. Under 50 W RF power, the thrust was approximately 1.02 mN, the specific impulse was around 1236 s and the power-to-thrust ratio was approximately 93.14 W/mN. All results indicate that PTFE is a viable propellant for RIT, but the key is to control the rate of decomposition.
National Service Life Stories
Authors: Gurney Peter , Grant Matthew , Morley Joel
Published: January 2025

National service was a defining feature for a generation of young men in post-war Britain. Around 2.3 million of them were called up between the end of the Second World War and 1963 when conscription finally ended. Based on original oral interviews with well over one hundred men who served their country, this book explores the way in which compulsory military participation reverberates in the memories of interviewees and how their experiences may have shaped their attitudes and behaviour across the life course. Unlike existing accounts, the voices of men from working-class backgrounds are foregrounded particularly in this study, which shines new light on important areas of scholarly interest, including the changing meaning and experience of class, masculinity, and citizenship, as well as the complexities of popular memory.
National Servicemen as Historians
Authors: Gurney Peter , Grant Matthew , Morley Joel
Published: January 2025

However it was recalled, the experience of national service left a deep impression on interviewees’ memories. It encouraged participants to think historically, enabling them to better connect their own individual life stories with wider public narratives about the past. Some interviewees, dismayed by the lack of published accounts of national service or the one-sidedness of existing accounts, went on to become collectors and historians themselves, constructing archives of their service and in some cases producing texts. Sensitive to power relations, some interviewees pushed back during the interview process, questioning the authority of the academic interviewer in class specific ways.
Can Sidgwick and Ross Converge in Moral Theory?
Authors: Phillips David
Published: January 2025

I argue that the answer to my titular question is: to a surprising and interesting extent, yes. Despite their apparently deep disagreements, Sidgwick’s and Ross’s views about the right can be combined. Both are committed to the reason to promote the good. Both also think some agent-relative addition is required, but they disagree about what it should be. I argue that Sidgwick is right about partial reasons and that Ross is right about deontological reasons. I then note that they moot strikingly similar versions of a moderate pluralist view about the good, which, I suggest, they mistakenly deviate from in opposite directions. I argue that, conceptually, we should think (as Sidgwick did but Ross did not) in terms of the generically normative and (as Ross did but Sidgwick did not) in terms of the contributory; that is, in terms of normative reasons.
Prima Facie Duties, Real-World Contexts and Moral Emotions
Authors: Roeser Sabine
Published: January 2025

W. D. Ross’s theory of prima facie duties has been very influential in many areas of moral philosophy: in metaethics, normative ethics, as well as applied ethics. Ross, and after him various other intuitionists, emphasized that in concrete situations, different morally relevant considerations have to be balanced on a case-by-case basis. This approach can be very helpful in practical moral decision-making. I argue that this is also the case in domains that have not been widely discussed in the context of Ross’s moral philosophy, namely concerning ethics of technology.

I also discuss an area of improvement of Ross’s theory. Ross and other intuitionists believe that ethical intuitions are cognitive, rational states. I propose an alternative to the rationalist paradigm endorsed by Ross and other intuitionists. Proceeding from a cognitive theory of emotions we can understand intuitions paradigmatically as emotions, without equating them with non-doxastic states or irrational gut reactions. In this way, Ross’s account of prima facie duties can be made even more relevant for ethical decision making in real-world contexts. Emotional deliberation can help us to assess on a case-by-case basis what our prima facie duties and our duty proper are.
Ross On Virtue and Vice
Authors: Hurka Thomas , Chan Bowen
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines Ross’s account of moral virtue as one of his four intrinsic goods and argues that in key respects it’s superior to the better-known accounts of Aristotle and Kant. Among the topics covered are: (1) Ross’s treatment of virtue as a secondary or derivative good, one that consists in fitting attitudes to other, independently given values or duties—this in contrast with many virtue-ethical views; (2) his sharp separation between the right and the morally good, so a wrong act can be virtuous and good; (3) his recognizing both de dicto and de re forms of virtue; (4) his making the primary locus of moral value occurrent attitudes rather than, as in Aristotle, dispositions; (5) his (unpersuasive) arguments that virtue is the greatest intrinsic good and the motive of duty the best motive; and (6) his interesting accounts of the moral worth of actions done from multiple motives or not done from a good motive that should be present and effective but isn’t.
Heterarchy and Hierarchy in Ross’s Theories of the Right and the Good
Authors: Skelton Anthony
Published: January 2025

In both The Right and the Good and Foundations of Ethics, W. D. Ross maintains that any amount of the non-instrumental value of virtue outweighs any amount of the non-instrumental value of pleasure or avoidance of pain. The chapter raises two challenges to the status that Ross accords the value of virtue relative to the value of pleasure (pain). First, it argues that Ross fails to provide a good argument for thinking that virtue is always better than pleasure and that it is in any case implausible to think that any amount of virtue (or avoidance of vice) is better than the avoidance of any amount of pain or suffering. Second, it argues that the inflexibility of Ross’s value theory exhibited in his claim about the relative value of virtue produces tension with and mars the attractive heterarchical structure of his theory of rightness or prima facie duties.