bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Primary Health Center in Bandung (Qualitative study in Puskesmas Ibrahim Adjie)
Authors: Firdayati Mayrina , Nastiti Anindrya , Singgih Marlia , Julianti Elin , Azhari Muhammad , Trihartomo Didit
Published: February 2020

The world is currently facing a serious health threat resulting from antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is estimated that the global mortality related to AMR is roughly 700,000 per year and is expected to rise to 10 million annually by 2050. Healthcare facilities are among the main contributors of antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to identify the existence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in the air environment of the primary health facility (Puskesmas). Ten samples were collected in 4 different places of indoor environment in Puskesmas Ibrahim Adjie, Bandung, West Java. Antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) first selected by growing in 5 different selective media. There are 265 colonies which then selected and identified respectively by using Kirby-Bauer Method with Amoxicillin and Microgen Biochemical Identification. Three dominant bacteriaStenotrophomonas(Xanthomonas) maltophilia, Pseudomonas stutzeriandSerratia marcescens, were found. Those bacteria are not the main pathogenic bacteria but recently recognized as opportunistic pathogen combining a propensity for healthcare-associated infection and antimicrobial resistance.
Waste Management Study In The Archipelago Tourism Area (Case Study: Nusa Penida District, Bali Province, Indonesia)
Authors: Widyarsana I Made Wahyu , Agustina Elprida
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to identify patterns of waste management in the Bali archipelago tourism area. The Nusa Penida District is a new tourism destination located in the Southeast of Bali. In 2018, there were average 391,071 tourists/day coming and 45,520 local residents live in this area. The total amount of waste produced in Nusa Penida District is 15.90 tonnes/day or 173.61 m3/day. High tourist activities have not been handled by a good waste management. Questionnaires were distributed randomly to the public and tourists to find out the pattern of waste management. Observation also conducted to build the material flow analysis as a waste information baseline. Around 48.21% organic waste used as livestock feed and 8.45% dumped carelessly to the environment. Around 32.51% anorganic waste be burnt and 45.68% waste dumped carelessly. Moreover, Nusa Penida District facing offering waste management problem caused by their cultural activities. In total, around 8.82 tonnes/day waste is dumped in landfills and total unmanaged waste around 6.73 tonnes/day.
A Preliminary Study: Identification of Stream Waste Quantity and Composition in Bali Province, Indonesia
Authors: Widyarsana I Made Wahyu , Damanhuri Enri , Ulhusna Nida , Agustina Elprida
Published: February 2020

Bali Province is an island of high tourist activity surrounded by the sea. Without a proper mainland waste management, waste problem will impact the aquatic environment. River and beach are waterways that become an important role in the waste flow that will end to the sea. Identification of waste in rivers and beaches is needed to determine the stream waste management policy. Measurements were made by adopting the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) method on 4 rivers and 4 beaches. Measurement of waste generation and composition represents the watershed and population density classification groups. The peak hour for the waste streams at 11.00-14.00 WITA (GMT+8). The dominant waste is organic waste (59.10% WW) and hazardous waste (17.12%WW). From the waste measurement on the beach, the waste density is around 0.087 tonnes/m3 and the composition of waste is dominated by plastic waste, paper waste, and textile waste. The average waste density in beach is around 0.007 kg/m2 or 0.53 items/m2. Yeh Gangga Beach is the dirtiest with 0.64 items waste/m2 and Lepang Beach is the cleanest beach with 0.27 items/m2.
Indonesia: Threats to physical urban water problems
Authors: Rimba Andi Besse , Yastika Putu Edi
Published: February 2020

The world population percentage placed Indonesia in fourth place of the highest populated countries in the world. The majority of Indonesians live in an urban area. Java Island is the highest populated island in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya. This study showed the flood depth in these three cities, which has become a yearly threat during the rainy season. At the same time, another problem due to water withdrawal was analyzed. Land subsidence has occurred due to simultaneous water withdrawal and overload of alluvial soil due to land-use conversion. A remote sensing data and geographical information system (GIS) took account in this analysis to achieve the aim of this study. The hydraulic model was created to produce a flood depth map, and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) technique generated a land subsidence map. This study aims to show the problem in these three cities related to water in urban areas. This study found that all study areas had a severe risk of flood and land subsidence. Semarang received more threats to flood and land subsidence comparing to the other cities.
Systematischer Rehabilitationsaufbau nach einer Verletzung der unteren Extremität
Authors: Roth Ralf
Published: February 2020

Wie verläuft der Weg in der Nachbehandlung nach einem akuten Trauma zurück zur vollständigen Alltags- respektive Sportfähigkeit? Welche Belastungsformen sollten zu welchem Zeitpunkt gewählt werden? Der Artikel gibt Anhaltspunkte für die Verknüpfung von Wundheilungsphasen und einem progressiven Belastungsaufbau.
Progression in den Methoden: von „Low Load“ zu „High Load“
Authors: Haas Hans-Josef , Steinmann Christian Szepessy
Published: February 2020

Bis ein Sportler nach einer Verletzung wieder am Wettkampf teilnehmen kann, müssen seine motorischen Fähigkeiten abhängig von den Heilungsvorgängen spezifisch entwickelt werden – ein komplexer Prozess, bei dem viele Aspekte berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Consolidação dos tubérculos na artroplastia reversa do ombro após fratura proximal do úmero: Existe melhoria nos resultados funcionais?
Authors: Barros Luís Henrique , Figueiredo Sérgio , Marques Manuel , Rodrigues Claudia , Ramos Joaquim , Claro Rui
Published: February 2020

Objetivo Comparar os resultados funcionais entre pacientes com fratura complexa do úmero proximal submetidos a artroplastia reversa com tubérculos consolidados e tubérculos não consolidados. O objetivo secundário foi determinar a taxa de consolidação dos tubérculos com este tipo de prótese.

Métodos Estudo de tipo coorte, retrospectivo, com coleta prospectiva de dados. No total, 28 pacientes cumpriram os critérios de inclusão: idade superior a 65 anos, prótese reversa do ombro por fratura complexa do úmero proximal (3 ou 4 partes, segundo Neer), e tempo de seguimento mínimo de 24 meses. Aos seis meses, todos os pacientes foram avaliados radiograficamente quanto à consolidação dos tubérculos e divididos em dois grupos: grupo com tubérculos consolidados e grupo com tubérculos não consolidados. A avaliação funcional realizou-se segundo o sistema de pontuação de Constant, da amplitude de movimento ativo, e da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) à data da última consulta. Registaram-se todas as complicações.

Resultados A consolidação dos tubérculos ocorreu em 21 pacientes (76,3%). Verificou-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas no sistema de pontuação de Constant (p < 0.001), elevação anterior (p = 0.020), rotação interna (p = 0.001) e externa (p = 0.003), quando se comparou o grupo dos tubérculos consolidados com o grupo dos tubérculos não consolidados. Não houve diferenças significativas na EVA entre os 2 grupos.

Conclusão A consolidação dos tubérculos traduz uma melhoria dos resultados funcionais em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia reversa do ombro como tratamento de fraturas complexas do úmero proximal em idosos.
¿Tienen los Hábitos de Vida y de Alimentación Impacto en la Calidad Seminal?
Authors: Gómez Gutiérrez Alejandra María , Gómez Ramírez Briana D. , Cardona Maya Walter D.
Published: February 2020

En los últimos años, se ha reportado en la literatura científica un declive en la calidad seminal. La significancia biológica de ese evento podría estar relacionada con la reducción en la fertilidad masculina o con el aumento del riesgo de enfermedades en la descendencia. La occidentalización en el estilo de vida, caracterizado por el aumento del peso corporal, el sedentarismo, el uso de cigarrillo, la ingesta de alimentos ricos en grasas y sodio y la reducción en la ingesta de alimentos fuente de fibras y antioxidantes, pudieran estar implicados en esos resultados. A su vez, cambios en el estilo de vida, que conduzcan a una reducción de peso corporal, de la ingesta de grasa y sodio, a un mejor estado antioxidante y a un aumento de la ingesta de fibra, se han asociado a mejores parámetros seminales. Por lo tanto, la alimentación basada en plantas o vegetariana, podría ser una estrategia válida para mejorar el estado nutricional y la salud masculina.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Head and Neck Amyloidosis: A Single-Institution Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Singh Anup , Haq Mubashshirul , Gautam Poonam , Gautam Dheeraj , Handa Aru C. , Handa Kumud K.
Published: February 2020

Introduction Isolated amyloidosis involving the head and neck is a rare entity. The pathophysiology of the localized disease appears to be distinct from that of the systemic counterpart. Systemic progression of the localized disease is unusual, and the prognosis of the localized form is excellent.

Objective To describe the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients presenting with localized head and neck subsite amyloidosis.

Methods A retrospective chart review of the patients with head and neck amyloidosis identified by the electronic search of the electronic database of the Departments of Pathology and Otorhinolaryngology was performed. The various demographic and clinical data were tabulated.

Results In total, seven patients (four females, three males) with localized head and neck amyloidosis (three supraglottic, three lingual and one sinonasal) were identified. Six patients had AL-amyloid deposits, and one patient had AA-amyloid deposits. Supraglottic involvement and that of the base of the tongue were treated surgically using CO2 laser, and these patients were disease-free at the last follow-up. The patient with sinonasal amyloidosis experienced symptom recurrence after six months of the functional endoscopic sinus surgery. All of the patients were screened for systemic amyloidosis with abdominal fat pad biopsy, and were found to be free of systemic spread.

Conclusion Isolated head and neck amyloidosis, as opposed to systemic amyloidosis, has an excellent prognosis in terms of survival. Therefore, systemic amyloidosis should be excluded in all cases. The treatment of choice remains surgical excision; however, watchful waiting may be a suitable strategy for mild symptoms or for cases in which the disease was discovered incidentally.
Numerical estimation of the oxygen impurity transport in the Aditya tokamak
Authors: Bhattacharya Amrita , Ghosh Joydeep , Chowdhuri M. B. , Munshi Prabhat
Published: February 2020

The present study illustrates an approach to solving the one-dimensional impurity transport equation in tokamak plasma, without the loss of generality, using a semi-implicit numerical method. The radial profiles of number density distribution of different ionization states of oxygen (Z = 1 to Z = 8) have been estimated using the ionization and recombination rate coefficient data from the Atomic Data and Analysis Structure database. The rate coefficients are determined based on the electron temperature and number density distribution in the Aditya tokamak. The radial number density profile of the O4+ ion, obtained using the semi-implicit impurity transport equation, has been applied further in determining the radial emissivity profiles of the characteristic 650.024 nm transition of the Be-like O4+ ion. The simulated O4+ emissivity is then matched with respect to the experimental emissivity values along inboard (high toroidal magnetic field) and outboard (low toroidal magnetic field) regions of the Aditya tokamak. The comparison estimates the nature of the radial diffusivity profile of oxygen ions, which in turn demonstrates the nature of oxygen transport in Aditya plasma. Large values of oxygen ion diffusivity (> neo-classical values) are observed toward the plasma edge in both regions of the Aditya tokamak. These diffusivity values point toward a fluctuation induced transport in the edge region of Aditya plasma. The simulated results are benchmarked with the STRAHL code. The semi-implicit form of the radial impurity transport equation can be extended to deduce the distributions of other light impurities in tokamak plasma.
Geometric stabilization of the electrostatic ion-temperature-gradient driven instability. II. Non-axisymmetric systems
Authors: Zocco A. , Plunk G. G. , Xanthopoulos P.
Published: February 2020

A non-perturbative analysis for the study non-axisymmetric (3D) effects on the linear ion-temperature-gradient driven mode is introduced. Perturbations and equilibria are considered to be global on the flux surface, yet radially local. The analysis is valid for systems arbitrarily far from axisymmetry. It is found that finite Larmor radius effects can suppress the global (on the surface) instability, in analogy with the local analysis but shift its poloidal location from the position of the greatest local instability. Fourier spectra of the instability whose width grow for increasingly non-axisymmetric systems are predicted. Results are in qualitative agreement with numerical global (on the surface) gyrokinetic simulations.
Counting single-qubit Clifford equivalent graph states is #P-complete
Authors: Dahlberg Axel , Helsen Jonas , Wehner Stephanie
Published: February 2020

Graph states, which include Bell states, Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and cluster states, form a well-known class of quantum states with applications ranging from quantum networks to error-correction. Whether two graph states are equivalent up to single-qubit Clifford operations is known to be decidable in polynomial time and has been studied in the context of producing certain required states in a quantum network in relation to stabilizer codes. The reason for the latter is that single-qubit Clifford equivalent graph states exactly correspond to equivalent stabilizer codes. We here consider that the computational complexity of, given a graph state |G⟩, counting the number of graph states, single-qubit Clifford equivalent to |G⟩. We show that this problem is #P-complete. To prove our main result, we make use of the notion of isotropic systems in graph theory. We review the definition of isotropic systems and point out their strong relation to graph states. We believe that these isotropic systems can be useful beyond the results presented in this paper.
The effects of beam proportion on electromagnetic proton/proton instability and associated ion heating: 2D hybrid simulation
Authors: Yao Jiansheng , Gao Xinliang , Chen Huayue , Ke Yangguang , Li Yi
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the effects of beam proportion on the electromagnetic proton/proton instability and involved proton dynamics have been investigated with a two-dimensional hybrid simulation model. The beam proportion is defined as the number density ratio between the beam and all protons. The simulation results show that the saturation amplitude of excited oblique Alfvén waves becomes larger with the increasing proportion of beam protons. Besides, the polarization of oblique Alfvén waves generated by beam protons with a higher proportion tends to be more linear. Moreover, with the increase in the beam proportion, the peak frequencies of excited waves will move toward higher values even exceed the proton gyrofrequency. This will result in more efficient heating of core protons in the perpendicular direction through the cyclotron resonance with Alfvén waves. Our study may provide some new insights into the heating mechanism of the solar wind.
Flow-induced vibrations of two side-by-side circular cylinders at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Chen Weilin , Ji Chunning , Xu Dong , An Hongwei , Zhang Zhimeng
Published: February 2020

Flow-induced vibrations of two side-by-side circular cylinders are numerically studied using the immersed boundary method for Reynolds numbers of 60–200. The two cylinders are constrained to vibrate only in the transverse direction. The center-to-center spacing ratio (s/D) is in the range 2.0–5.0, and the reduced velocity (Ur) is in the range 2.0–10.0. The smallest increments for s/D and Ur are 0.02 and 0.01, respectively. It was found that the vibration amplitudes, mean position shifts, lift and drag forces, spectral frequencies, and phase lags between the lift and displacement are significantly influenced by s/D and Ur, supported by (a) a wider lock-in region compared to the case of a single cylinder, (b) emergence of asymmetric vibration where the amplitudes of two cylinders are not identical, (c) the phase jump between the lift and displacement resulting from multiple harmonic frequencies, and (d) a significant drop in mean position shift accompanied by the changes in the frequency or wake pattern. Furthermore, the influences of the spacing ratio, Reynolds number, blockage ratio, and mass ratio, on asymmetric vibration with single-sided hysteresis (AV-I), are examined in detail. The AV-I with double-sided hysteresis was confirmed for the first time when the cylinder mass ratio is larger than 5.0.
The role of boron on exchange coupling in NiFe/Ru1−xBx/FeCo trilayer structures
Authors: McKinnon Tommy , Hübner Rene , Heinrich Bret , Girt Erol
Published: February 2020

In this work, we study the interlayer exchange coupling, J, between two NiFe and FeCo layers in a series of NiFe/Ru1−xBx(d)/FeCo synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) samples, where the thickness of the spacer layer, d, is varied from 0.4 nm to 0.9 nm, and the boron concentration, x, is varied from 0 to 15 at. %. The samples are studied as deposited and after being annealed at 250°C. B is deposited into the Ru spacer layer to investigate what occurs after annealing a FeCoB/Ru/FeCoB SAF structure, which is commonly used in modern nanoscale magnetic devices, in which the FeCoB layer crystallizes to FeCo and B diffuses to adjacent layers. We find that J in as-deposited samples is relatively unaffected by adding up to 15% B into the Ru spacer layer. However, after annealing at 250°C, J changes the sign from antiferromagnetic coupling to ferromagnetic coupling for spacer layers thinner than 0.45nm for 5% and 10% B and thinner than 0.525nm for 15% B. We used transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy in order to investigate the diffusion of atoms within a similar Ta(2.5nm)/NiFe(0.8nm)/Ru1−xBx(23 nm) layer structure. We find that after annealing at 250°C, the sample containing 15% B within the Ru85B15 layer had significantly more diffusion of Fe into the Ru85B15 layer, from the NiFe layer, as compared to the sample with 0% B. Thus, the presence of B within the spacer layer enhances diffusion of Fe into the spacer layer.
An air suspension to demonstrate the properties of torsion balances with fibers of zero length
Authors: Gettings C. , Speake C. C.
Published: February 2020

We report on the design and characterization of an air-bearing suspension that has been constructed to highlight the properties of torsion balances with fibers of zero length. A float is levitated on this suspension, and its rotational and translational motion in the horizontal plane of the laboratory is controlled using magnetic actuators. We demonstrate the in situ electromagnetic tuning of the float’s center-of-buoyancy to an accuracy of ±0.3 mm, which was limited by the noise in the air bearing. The rotational stiffness of the float, which is approximately zero by design, was also measured. We compare the observed behavior of the float with the predictions of a detailed model of the statics of the float–actuator system. Finally, we briefly discuss the application of these ideas and results to the construction of sensitive devices for the measurement of weak forces with short ranges.
Low-temperature dissipation and its persistent photoinduced change in AlGaAs/GaAs-based nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Shevyrin A. A. , Pogosov A. G. , Bakarov A. K. , Shklyaev A. A.
Published: February 2020

Low-temperature dissipation of mechanical energy is studied in AlGaAs/GaAs-based nanomechanical resonators with a two-dimensional electron gas. It is experimentally shown that the temperature dependence of dissipation demonstrates a peak near 30 K. A short illumination leads to a persistent change in the quality factor, which can be compared with the persistent photoconductivity effect. In particular, the illumination persistently suppresses the dissipation peak. This suppression shows that the nature of the peak is not related to the thermoelastic and Akhiezer damping. A hypothesis associating the peak with DX-centers or similar low-symmetry and light-sensitive centers is proposed. The observed effects should be taken into account when studying the low-temperature dissipation using optical methods.
The role of ascorbic acid in rice leaf senescence and photo–carbon imbalance
Authors: Yu Le , Zhang Qilei , Lu Lina , Gao Hui , Liu Qiang , Liu Yonghai , Yang Chengwei , Peng Changlian
Published: February 2020

Leaf senescence is an important factor that affects crop yield traits and is regulated by various factors. Here, we propose the photo–carbon imbalance hypothesis to explain the mechanism of rice leaf senescence. The main idea of this hypothesis is that carbon assimilation decreases faster than the absorption of light energy in photosynthesis during the late stages of rice growth, which ultimately results in leaf senescence. Our results indicate that endogenous ascorbic acid (Asc) plays an important role in leaf senescence by affecting the expression of senescence genes, thereby influencing photosynthetic capacity and consequently grain yield. The effects of exogenous Asc and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on photosynthetic capability implied that the balance between photoreaction and carbon assimilation is regulated by exogenous antioxidants or accelerators of senescence. The results of the shading treatments indicated that shading will mitigate the photo–carbon imbalance and improve photosynthetic capacity, resulting in increased yields. Increasing antioxidant concentrations can enhance the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, whereas shading reduces excess light energy, which may help to restore the photo–carbon balance.
A chordate species lackingNodalutilizes calcium oscillation andBmpfor left–right patterning
Authors: Onuma Takeshi A. , Hayashi Momoko , Gyoja Fuki , Kishi Kanae , Wang Kai , Nishida Hiroki
Published: February 2020

Larvaceans are chordates with a tadpole-like morphology. In contrast to most chordates of which early embryonic morphology is bilaterally symmetric and the left–right (L–R) axis is specified by the Nodal pathway later on, invariant L–R asymmetry emerges in four-cell embryos of larvaceans. The asymmetric cell arrangements exist through development of the tailbud. The tail thus twists 90° in a counterclockwise direction relative to the trunk, and the tail nerve cord localizes on the left side. Here, we demonstrate that larvacean embryos have nonconventional L–R asymmetries: 1) L- and R-cells of the two-cell embryo had remarkably asymmetric cell fates; 2) Ca2+oscillation occurred through embryogenesis; 3)Nodal, an evolutionarily conserved left-determining gene, was absent in the genome; and 4) bone morphogenetic protein gene (Bmp) homologBmp.ashowed right-sided expression in the tailbud and larvae. We also showed that Ca2+oscillation is required forBmp.aexpression, and that BMP signaling suppresses ectopic expression of neural genes. These results indicate that there is a chordate species lackingNodalthat utilizes Ca2+oscillation andBmp.afor embryonic L–R patterning. The right-sideBmp.aexpression may have arisen via cooption of conventional BMP signaling in order to restrict neural gene expression on the left side.
RETRACTED: Impaired lipid metabolism by age-dependent DNA methylation alterations accelerates aging
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Jiaqiang , Wang Leyun , Feng Guihai , Li Gen , Yu Meixin , Li Yufei , Liu Chao , Yuan Xuewei , Zang Guangxi , Li Zhihuan , Zhao Ling , Ouyang Hong , Quan Qingli , Wang Guangyu , Zhang Charlotte , Li Oulan , Xiang Junkai , Zhu Jian-Kang , Li Wei , Zhou Qi , Zhang Kang
Published: February 2020

Epigenetic alterations and metabolic dysfunction are two hallmarks of aging. However, the mechanism of how their interaction regulates aging, particularly in mammals, remains largely unknown. Here we show ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 (Elovl2), a gene whose epigenetic alterations are most highly correlated with age prediction, contributes to aging by regulating lipid metabolism. Impaired Elovl2 function disturbs lipid synthesis with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to key accelerated aging phenotypes. Restoration of mitochondrial activity can rescue age-related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotypes induced by Elovl2 deficiency in human retinal pigmental epithelial (RPE) cells. We revealed an epigenetic–metabolism axis contributing to aging and potentially to antiaging therapy.
Exploring the moral compass
Authors: Márquez Reiter Rosina , Orthaber Sara
Published: February 2020

With the advent of the internet and social media, car and vanpooling have become easily available alternatives to public transport
in many parts of the world. This study draws on publicly available data from a Facebook car and vanpooling group used by Slovenian
cross-border commuters to make their journeys to and from Austria more economically sustainable. It examines public displays of
moral indignation following allegations of malpractice by relatively new members whose whole purpose in joining the group was to
earn a living from driving vans across borders. Vanpool users collaboratively denounce van service providers for transgressing
some of the social responsibilities that ought to bind members of the group together and for their lack of accountability. The
accusations which entail exaggerations, complaints, insults and threats, among other hostile verbal attacks, convey moral
indignation and are similarly resisted and challenged by the drivers. They offer a window into conflicting behavioural
expectations at a time of socioeconomic change and transition. The alleged lack of van providers’ accountability which, in turn,
informs the van users’ displays of moral indignation is indicative of the moral relativism that emerges as a result of the
relocalisation and, the nature of a contemporary global practice at a time when changes in social life are underway. The primacy
of the economic return that car and vanpooling offers service providers and cross-commuters with is oriented to by the former as
outstripping the social responsibilities typically related to the provision of the regulated services, and by the latter, as
morally unjustifiable despite acknowledging its economic value.
Sweating the connection of uniform colours and success in sport: No evidence for the red win effect in elite women's NCAA basketball
Authors: Goldschmied Nadav , Spitznagel Carson
Published: February 2020

Efforts to research the link between uniform colours and performance in sport have gained momentum in recent years demonstrating a red superiority effect. The current investigation identified a gender gap in participation between laboratory experimental studies of performance, which are dominated by women participants, and archival game analysis research, which is almost exclusively conducted in elite men's sports. To address this disparity, we conducted the first dedicated exploration of uniform colours with women's American collegiate basketball teams during the national annual tournament (NCAA) in a period spanning eight seasons (2012–19). In contrast to the evidence from experimental research, we failed to detect an effect and the results remained null when several colours were tested and ranking was considered. Based on the findings, we conclude with mounting confidence that uniform colours do not exert influence over winning in relatively long‐duration, low aggression team sports with substantial physical contact. We discuss the results in relationship to the colour‐in‐context theory (Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2012). Colour‐in‐context theory. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 45, pp. 61–125). Academic Press.) and highlight its shortcomings pertaining to sex as a moderator.
Computational screening of doping schemes for LiTi2(PO4)3 as cathode coating materials*
Authors: Wang Yu-Qi , Sun Xiao-Rui , Xiao Rui-Juan , Chen Li-Quan
Published: February 2020

In all-solid-state lithium batteries, the impedance at the cathode/electrolyte interface shows close relationship with the cycle performance. Cathode coatings are helpful to reduce the impedance and increase the stability at the interface effectively. LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP), a fast ion conductor with high ionic conductivity approaching 10−3 S⋅cm−1, is adopted as the coating materials in this study. The crystal and electronic structures, as well as the Li+ ion migration properties are evaluated for LTP and its doped derivatives based on density functional theory (DFT) and bond valence (BV) method. Substituting part of Ti sites with element Mn, Fe, or Mg in LTP can improve the electronic conductivity of LTP while does not decrease its high ionic conductivity. In this way, the coating materials with both high ionic conductivities and electronic conductivities can be prepared for all-solid-state lithium batteries to improve the ion and electron transport properties at the interface.
Highly charged ECR ion source development at IMP
Authors: Sun L , Zhao H W , Lu W , Guo J W , Li L X , Shen Z , Li L B , Huang W , Zhang X Z , Ma H Y , Yang Y , Li J Q , Cao Y , Zhang W H , Fang X , Ma Y M , Feng Y C , Wu B M , Wu W , Ma L Z
Published: February 2020

Highly charged ECR ion source development plays an important role in the heavy ion accelerators advancement at IMP, such as HIRFL upgrade, heavy ion treatment complex HIMM, future heavy ion facility HIAF, and so on. As requested by those projects, many high performance highly charged ECR ion sources with different technologies have been built, or under development. The representative ion sources are superconducting ECR ion sources SECRAL and recently built SECRAL-II, room temperature LECR4 ion source with an innovative evaporative cooling method, permanent magnet ECR ion sources of LAPECR series, and a 45 GHz 4th generation ECR ion source FECR. In this talk, a general review of highly charged ECR ion sources will be presented. The typical performances, operation status, as well as the future developments will be dis-cussed.
Potential shifts in the aboveground biomass and physiognomy of a seasonally dry tropical forest in a changing climate
Authors: Castanho Andrea D A , Coe Michael T , Brando Paulo , Macedo Marcia , Baccini Alessandro , Walker Wayne , Andrade Eunice M
Published: February 2020

Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) account for one-third of the interannual variability of global net primary productive (NPP). Large-scale shifts in dry tropical forest structure may thus significantly affect global CO2 fluxes in ways that are not fully accounted for in current projections. This study quantifies how changing climate might reshape one of the largest SDTFs in the world, the Caatinga region of northeast Brazil. We combine historical data and future climate projections under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs), together with spatially explicit aboveground biomass estimates to establish relationships between climate and vegetation distribution. We find that physiognomies, aboveground biomass, and climate are closely related in the Caatinga—and that the region’s bioclimatic envelope is shifting rapidly. From 2008–2017, more than 90% of the region has shifted to a dryer climate space compared to the reference period 1950–1979. An ensemble of global climate models (based on IPCC AR5) indicates that by the end of the 21st century the driest Caatinga physiognomies (thorn woodlands to non-vegetated areas) could expand from 55% to 78% (RCP 2.6) or as much as 87% (RCP8.5) of the region. Those changes would correspond to a decrease of 30%–50% of the equilibrium aboveground biomass by the end of the century (RCP 2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively). Our results are consistent with historic vegetation shifts reported for other SDTFs. Projected changes for the Caatinga would have large-scale impacts on the region’s biomass and biodiversity, underscoring the importance of SDTFs for the global carbon budget. Understanding such changes as presented in this study will be useful for regional planning and could help mitigate their negative social impacts.
Global rangeland production systems and livelihoods at threat under climate change and variability
Authors: Godde C M , Boone R B , Ash A J , Waha K , Sloat L L , Thornton P K , Herrero M
Published: February 2020

Rangelands are one of the Earth’s major ice-free land cover types. They provide food and support livelihoods for millions of people in addition to delivering important ecosystems services. However, rangelands are at threat from climate change, although the extent and magnitude of the potential impacts are poorly understood. Any declines in vegetation biomass and fluctuations in grazing availability would be of concern for food production and ecosystem integrity and functionality. In this study, we use a global rangeland model in combination with livestock and socio-economic datasets to identify where and to what extent rangeland systems may be at climatic risk. Overall, mean herbaceous biomass is projected to decrease across global rangelands between 2000 and 2050 under RCP 8.5 (−4.7%), while inter- (year-to-year) and intra- (month-to-month) annual variabilities are projected to increase (+21.3% and +8.2%, respectively). These averaged global estimates mask large spatial heterogeneities, with 74% of global rangeland area projected to experience a decline in mean biomass, 64% an increase in inter-annual variability and 54% an increase in intra-annual variability. Half of global rangeland areas are projected to experience simultaneously a decrease in mean biomass and an increase in inter-annual variability—vegetation trends both potentially harmful for livestock production. These regions include notably the Sahel, Australia, Mongolia, China, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and support 376 million people and 174 million ruminant Tropical Livestock Units. Additionally, the rangeland communities currently the most vulnerable (here, with the lowest livestock productivities and economic development levels and with the highest projected increases in human population densities) are projected to also experience the most damaging vegetation trends for livestock production. Although the capacity of rangeland systems to adapt is highly complex, analyses such as these generate some of the information required to inform options to facilitate pastoral system mitigation and adaptation strategies under climate change.
Region Adaptability of XiGuan Grand House and Its Value to Ecological Architecture Design
Authors: Jue Chen , Chen Wang
Published: February 2020

In the late Qing Dynasty, XiGuan Grand House appeared as the large vernacular dwellings architecture. The so – called region adaptability is formed for the local vernacular dwellings architectures need to adapt to the changes of the local nature, society and humanism and continue the evolving way of Original Ecological architecture. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the evolving process about XiGuan Grand House is analyzed; the second part discusses the relationship between the region adaptability and the architectural evolution; the last part studies the region adaptability of XiGuan Grand House to obtain its value to Ecological Architecture Design.
Impact of cities adaptation to climate change on water resources management on the example of selected cities of the Silesian Agglomeration
Authors: Gałas S , Gorgon J , Gałas A
Published: February 2020

Climate change and the resulting threats create a new challenge for local authorities and residents of cities. The nationwide Project addressed for biggest Polish cities assessed their sensitivity and counteracting capabilities in selected urban areas. Within the Project various actions were proposed. To some extent, the implementation of these activities may, however, threaten the water resources. The paper presents risk assessment and shows the possibilities of rational management of water resources in selected cities of Upper Silesia.
Stress Analysis of Surrounding Rock of Rectangular Pipe Gallery in Mountain City
Authors: Wang Yuanqing , Jin Xiaoguang , Yang Qingting
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the basic methods and principles of complex variable function to solve the excavation problem of caverns in single connected domain are studied. Based on the basic principle of conformal transformation and the engineering practicability, the problem of excavating rectangular section single warehouse pipe gallery in a single rock stratum is simplified as a semi-infinite plane rectangular hole problem. The rectangular hole problem is transformed into an equivalent circular hole by conformal transformation. A simplified calculation model of the extruding rectangle comprehensive pipe gallery is proposed and its surrounding rock stress calculation formula is deduced. Combined with the example of mountainous city comprehensive pipe gallery project, Theoretical calculation and numerical simulation show that the surrounding rock stress of the comprehensive pipe gallery is close, which verifies the applicability of the simplified formula. The structural design and construction design of rectangular integrated pipe gallery provide theoretical support. Comparing the stress of surrounding rock of different width pipe gallery, it is found that the stress concentration degree at the top corner of the rectangular pipe gallery increases with the increase of the width of the pipe gallery. The width of the excavation of the rectangular pipe gallery must be strictly controlled during construction.
Damage State Assessment of a Pre-Stress Concrete Girder (PSCG) Bridge using Non Linear Analysis for Real-time Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Montes K M , Embalzado K A , Sales N M , Sayno A J , Payawal J M , Uy F A A
Published: February 2020

Philippines is located in the pacific ring of fire, which indicates that seismic movement is frequently happening. West valley fault line located in the central Luzon might move due to its 400 to 500-year recurrence, and the last recorded movement was on 1958. According to MMIERS, the movement of west valley fault with 7.2 magnitude earthquake can cause one of the biggest devastation in Metro Manila. In preparation for that, this study aims to assess the vulnerability of a pre-stress bridge against seismic movement by the aid of USHER technology. The USHER system includes structural assessment, remote sensing, and real time monitoring through the portal. This study will focus on the structural assessment of the bridge, which identify the acceleration limits that the bridge can endure to interpret different level of damage. As a result, by 10% of probability of exceedance from SEAOC using the moderate damage fragility curve, the results in three directions are 0.37641g in longitudinal axis, 0.366025g in transverse axis, and 0.394498g in the vertical direction. The most critical is in the transverse direction, which can produce a maximum of 67mm displacement of the bridge in the inelastic stage. In validation through the sensor, which has a reading from the smart bridge project, the maximum acceleration recorded was 0.138g. This concludes that the bridge is safe and no retrofitting works is need.
Concept Design of a Single-Aisle Aircraft Spoiler by Topology Optimization
Authors: Purith P , Kittikorn C , Pakpong J , Mezeix L
Published: February 2020

Sandwich are widely used in the aerospace as flaps, spoiler, cabin floor or rotor where high flexural rigidity is required. Sandwich structures consist in a thick core material as honeycomb bonded with thin skins as carbon fibres. When the core material contains closed cells, water ingression must be considered. This water ingression may significantly increase the weight of the core and can induce damage. In this project, new spoiler design is proposed based on reinforced stiffeners in order to avoid the use of honeycomb. In a first step model is built and validated on current spoiler. Then, topology tool is used to locate the stiffeners. Finally, GFEM is performed to propose a first rough plies optimization under static analysis.
Study of Failure Analysis of a Fracture Crankshaft Pulley Used on a Truck Engine
Authors: Husaini  , Putra T E , Novriandika S
Published: February 2020

A pulley is a mechanism consisting of a wheel, with a groove between its two edges, which is fastened to a shaft. The belt usually passes along the groove of the pulley to give it the power of movement and rotation. In December 2016 there was a case of failure of the crankshaft pulley in a truck. This study aims to investigate the causes of fracture. Therefore, it was necessary to perform a failure analysis. Investigation methods included visual examination, scanning electron microscope analysis, chemical analysis of the material and mechanical tests. A finite element analysis (FEA) was also performed to quantify the stress intensity factor (KI) distribution in the crankshaft pulley that is near the crack tip. From the finite element analysis, it was found that K1
was greater than the fracture toughness (KIC) of the material. Therefore, the propagation of crack occurs from the initial crack until final failure.
Multi-Directional Forced Convection Kiln Oven Drying System for Bamboo Culms
Authors: Atienza A H , Dela Peña R , Eroles R , Fandiñola E
Published: February 2020

The bamboo industry in the Philippines is at the commencement of its development in terms of co-existing with the current technology. The study aims to develop and improve the processing of bamboo, specifically its drying process. The traditional drying process in the Philippines is sun drying which is a primitive way of drying the bamboo. The drying process presented in this study is the forced convection kiln oven drying. It offers fast drying time and allows the bamboo culm to be enclosed on a system to prevent dirt or other contaminants to accumulate on the culm. The prototype is composed of a blower that would exhibit the forced convection; a base considered to be the system for the bamboo to dry and a heating element that would induce the heat necessary for the drying. The heating source is an electrical component that requires electricity from an AC power source. In order to test the prototype, a fresh bamboo is to be dried inside the system and its moisture content would be monitored with respect to time. The result of the test would provide for the conclusion of the efficiency of the dryer to reduce the moisture content of the bamboo.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monoclinic Gallium Oxide Nanomaterials for High-Concentration Ethanol Vapor Detection
Authors: dela Torre H M B , Santos G N C
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted to synthesize Gallium Oxide nanomaterials from its bulk form using a low-cost and repeatable method and investigate on its potential as sensing element for Ethanol (EtOH). Horizontal Vapor Phase Growth (HVPG) Technique was utilized to synthesize monoclinic Gallium Oxide (β-Ga2O3) nanowires. Images obtained from the Scanning Electron Microscope showed high density nanowires specifically in the area of highest temperature gradient. SEM also showed that the grown structures using HVPG Technique were at the nanoscale with diameters ranging from 51.60 to 908.38 nm. Higher surface-to-volume ratio was also noted in the area of highest temperature gradient which was subjected to an applied magnetics field. The Gallium to Oxygen ratio was verified via EDX to be approximately 2:3 which agrees with the atomic ratio of Ga2O3. The monoclinic structure of the grown nanomaterials was investigated using Raman Spectroscopy. Raman peaks of the samples were at 199 and 486 cm−1 which was accounted to the presence of two Raman-active modes of the b-polymorph of Ga2O3. The Raman spectrum of the grown nanowires confirmed that the material is monoclinic in structure and belongs to C2/m space group. The I-V Curve of the grown nanowires were also determined using two-point probe which illustrates a non-linear curve similar to that of a semiconductor material. Furthermore, additional fundamental properties such as resistivity and specific conductance of the materials were also determined via van der Pauw Technique. Results showed that the material has high specific conductance and low resistivity. The synthesized nanomaterial was responsive to Ethanol vapor. Exposure to the said compound increased its resistance. Graphs showed that there is a significant increase in the resistance after exposure to ethanol vapor.
Bending Analysis of Nonlocal Functionally Graded Beams
Authors: Garbin F , Levano A , Arciniega R
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we study the nonlocal linear bending behavior of functionally graded beams subjected to distributed loads. A finite element formulation for an improved first-order shear deformation theory for beams with five independent variables is proposed. The formulation takes into consideration 3D constitutive equations. Eringen’s nonlocal differential model is used to rewrite the nonlocal stress resultants in terms of displacements. The finite element formulation is derived by means of the principle of virtual work. High-order nodal-spectral interpolation functions were utilized to approximate the field variables, which minimizes the locking problem. Numerical results and comparisons of the present formulation with those found in the literature for typical benchmark problems involving nonlocal beams are found to be satisfactory and show the validity of the developed finite element model.
Evaluation of the Evacuation of Essential Buildings: Interaction of Structural and Human Behaviour through Nonlinear Time-History Analysis and Agent-Based Modelling
Authors: Delgado M , Rosales A , Arana V
Published: February 2020

In this article, a performance assessment of the evacuation system is established for educational buildings. Structural and geotechnical information of the building is collected and introduced into a database. A similar procedure was realized for the information related to the occupants. Using this information, a) the structural fragility and localized collapse were determined and b) the interaction of the person with the partial collapse was established. For the first aspect, nonlinear time history was used, and for the second, the agent-based modeling was applied to recreate the reaction of people that face the micro collapse. Therefore, the important results of this evaluation are: 1) To localize collapsed beans and columns that make inoperable evacuation routes, 2) to localize bottleneck areas that people concentration during evacuation, and 3) quantification of affected people, in terms of persons caught up in the building that cannot evacuate.