bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Prevalence and Psychological Correlates of Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Authors: Jadhav Arshia , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel
Published: April 2022

Background:

The premenstrual period is a vulnerable phase for prevalence of bodily and psychological signs and symptoms named the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). There is a paucity of Indian work in this area.

Aim:

The aim was to study the prevalence and psychological correlates of PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital after obtaining the institute ethics committee clearance. Written informed consent was obtained from participants. By purposive sampling, 587 females from urban areas of Pimpri and Alandi were interviewed and subjected to the sociodemographic pro forma and the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. From this sample, 140 subjects meeting diagnostic criteria of PMS or PMDD were included in the study group. An equal number of age-matched healthy controls with no known psychiatric disorders after clinical interview were included in the control group. All the questionnaires were scored as per the test manuals. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS.

Results:

It was observed that 63.57% of the total cases are moderate PMS, 30.71% are severe PMS, and 5.71% are PMDD. Overall, the more common type of dysmenorrhea was the spasmodic type, but among the PMS/PMDD cases, the more common type of dysmenorrhea was the congestive type. There is significantly higher stress, anxiety, and depression and poorer sleep quality in the cases of PMS and PMDD as compared to the controls. Stress, anxiety, and depression have a significant positive correlation with poor sleep quality.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of PMS was 22.49% and that of PMDD was 1.36%. Congestive kind of dysmenorrhea was more frequently seen in cases of PMS. There is significantly higher stress, anxiety, depression, and disturbed sleep in females suffering from PMS and PMDD as compared to the controls.
A narrative review of the challenges, ethical frameworks, and guidelines in the setting of COVID-19 healthcare and research
Authors: Hamza Naheeda , Kulkarni Uma
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has ever since its outbreak been perplexing healthcare generally at all levels. There is a need to identify, analyze and address the bioethical dilemmas that have emerged during the pandemic. This paper presents a narrative review of the published literature on the ethical issues, frameworks, and guidelines in COVID-19-related healthcare and research. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using the search terms “COVID- 19” [AND] ethical issues, clinical trials, resource allocation, ethical guidelines, vaccine allocation. Articles between 2019 and 2020 focusing on ethics were included and analyzed. Fifteen full-text articles in English, one workshop summary, and 5 guidelines were identified and are discussed under the following themes: global response to the pandemic, allocation of resources, conduct of clinical trials, and fair distribution of vaccines and individual patient care. Despite the global and collaborative response to guide the healthcare sector throughout the pandemic, there have been some worrying repercussions in the form of increased vulnerabilities, precarious imbalances in resources, priority settings, exclusion of individuals or groups, exhaustions of healthcare professionals, impaired individual patient care, slowing down of non-covid research as well as scientific, ethical and logistic challenges in COVID and non-COVID research. These can be ethically justifiable only considering the seriousness and urgency of the pandemic. This paper presents some tenacious challenges that must be addressed if ethical reflection is to be effectively implemented in response to this pandemic.
Qualitative–Quantitative Analyses of the Influence of Depth and Lithological Composition on Lower Pontian Sandstone Porosity in the Central Part of Bjelovar Sag (Croatia)
Authors:   INA - Naftaplin, Zagreb, Croatia, Malvić Tomislav , Velić Josipa ,   Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering; University of Zagreb, Croatia, Peh Zoran ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: April 2022

Results of several tests (porosity–depth graphic relation, t-test, F-test, Pearson’s R), were used to analyse and interpret the regularity in porosity values of Lower Pontian oil-bearing sandstones from the central part of Bjelovar sag. Data came from 7 cored intervals within 5 wells in the Pepelana member and from 6 cored intervals (in 4 wells) in the Poljana member. The expected porosity decrease with increasing depth was checked against lithological variations. Sandstones are mostly fine-grained lithoarenites. The detritus is composed of quartz, various micas, carbonate fragments and feldspars. Across the study area, the depth range of the sandstones varies from 430 m (top of the Pepelana member near Šandrovac) to 2046 m (base of the Poljana member near Velika Ciglena). Cores included in the analyses vary between 2.75 to 15.5 m in length. Mean porosity and relative depth data were collected for two groups: Group 1 comprised wells Pav–1, Pav–2, Rov–1, Ša–5, Ša–35, and Group 2 included well VC–1. These groups were subdivided for analysis into two (litho)stratigraphic units (Pepelana and Poljana ss.). Porosity variation within each group is explained with reference to the silt or clay fraction. Differences between the porosities of the two groups (~10% lower absolute porosity near Velika Ciglena) is the result of compaction and other processes. Interval of 400 m thickness in particular sandstone member is set as minimum value for observing influence of compaction. Such statement is based on sandstone’s tops and bottoms comparison as well as graphical presentation of relation core porosity–relative depth interval. The analysis was improved by statistical calculation of Pearson’s R, t-test and F-test, which more precisely described the relationship between porosity and depth. Using these statistical tests and regression equitation, the depth difference is calculated as 621 m in the Pepelana and 667 m in the Poljana sandstones, as the limits when the influence of compaction in the porosity–depth relationship could be noticed. Compaction was observed, in the study area, when data from Velika Ciglena are compared to data from the other wells.
Statistical Indicators of Groundwater Geochemical Characteristics in a Quaternary Aquifer from the Mala Mlaka Well Field Catchment Area (Zagreb, Croatia)
Authors:   Faculty of Mining Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Nakić Zoran , Horvat Siniša ,   Faculty of Mining Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Bačani Andrea ,   Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering; University of Zagreb, Croatia
Published: April 2022

High concentrations of sodium, potassium, nitrates and sulphates inthe groundwater in the Mala Mlaka well field catchment area confirmthe impact of agricultural activities on water chemistry. Analysisof time trends has shown that a decrease in inorganic components(nitrates and sulphates), which are sensitive to changes in oxidation/reduction conditions in an aquifer, are caused by infiltration of oxygen-rich water rich in organic matter into the aquifers. Oxygen contentreduction due to oxidation of the organic matter causes oxygendeprivation in the groundwater and consequently a reduction in nitrateand sulphate levels. An increase in chloride levels in the groundwaterduring 1994–2000 is a consequence of human activities in the catchmentarea. Multivariate statistical analyses, i.e. factor analysis, clusteranalysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis have shownthat the registered pollution sources in the catchment area, particularlyillegal dump sites, cause degradation of the groundwater quality insome sites. This impact is detected over a distance of several hundredmetres downstream from the registered pollution sources.
Problems of Hydraulic Conductivity Estimation in Clayey Karst Soils
Authors:   Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, Adamcova Renata , Ottner Franz ,   University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Durn Goran ,   Faculty of Mining Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Greifeneder Sabine ,   University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Dananaj Ivan ,   State Geologic Survey of Slovak Republic, Dubikova Maria ,   School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales, Skalsky Rastislav ,   Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Miko Slobodan ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Kapelj Sanja ,   Geotechnical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Published: April 2022

Even in karst areas, considerably thick soils can be found in accumulationzones. Here, the degree of groundwater vulnerability dependsnot only on the thickness, but also on the hydraulic conductivity andretention properties of the soil cover. The hydraulic conductivity offine-grained karst soils from Slovakia, Croatia and Austria was studiedwithin several international research projects, by the applicationof four different test methods. Results are discussed from differentpoints of view. Triaxial tests yielded a very broad interval between themaximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity (from 5.83x10-7 m.s-1to 3.50x10-11 m.s-1), therefore the mean value cannot be used in anycalculations. The consolidometer method gave lower values in general,between 9.40x10-10 m.s-1 to 3.59x10-8 m.s-1. However, this methodoverestimates the soil “impermeability”. Estimates based on grainsize are unsuitable, as fine-grained soils did not fulfil the random conditions of known formula. Finally, the “in situ” hydraulic conductivitywas measured using a Guelph permeameter. As expected, “in situ”tests showed 100 to 1000-times higher kf than the laboratory tests.This method best reflects the real conditions. Therefore, only thistype of data should be considered in any environmental modelling.In a soil profile, hydraulic conductivity depends on the mineral composition, depth, secondary compaction, etc. The degree and durationof saturation with water is very important for young soils containingsmectite. Their hydraulic conductivity might be very low when saturatedfor long time, but also very high, when open desiccation cracksoccur. A very slight trend was found, but only in Slovak soils, showinga decrease in the hydraulic conductivity with increasing contentof the clay fraction <0.002 mm. These results should contribute to abetter estimate of the protective role of soils in groundwater vulnerabilitymaps.
Konwersje autotematyzmu albo autotematyzm jako szansa zwrotu
Authors: Waligóra Agnieszka
Published: April 2022

Conversions of “Autothematicism,” or Autothematicismas a Possibility of a Turn

The article is an attempt to describe autothematicism [autotematyzm] – a term coined in Poland by Artur Sandauer in the mid-20th century, referring to the quality of radically meta-reflexive works – from seven complementary perspectives. The Sandauerian understanding of the concept of metareflection was slightly different from the Western visions of mise-en-abyme or metafiction; it was described in the context of German idealistic philosophy and aesthetics. Sandauer defined the artistic “theme” as an objectivization of content (an author’s perceptions and experiences); therefore “autothematicism” is not synonymous with the other terms mentioned above, which can provide interesting interpretations of self-referential works. The present paper shows that the Sandauerian concept of self-referentiality can be seen as an end product of various transformations (conversions): literature’s (or the subject’s) retreat from all kinds of transcendence and reality, self-reflection of the creative “I,” or the text’s orientation to its own ontology. However, this understanding can be reversed. Autothematicism (as an operative concept) can also be seen as a mechanism that enables the autonomous positioning of art in relation to the “reality” it co-constructs, which enables literature to take active participation in the rebuilding of the world.
Evaluation of Feasibility of Chemical Washing Treatment of Nickel in Deep-sea Mining Tailings by Aluminum Sulfate as Extractant
Authors: Lee Gaeun , Kim Kyoungrean
Published: April 2022

Objectives : The feasibility of chemical washing by Aluminum Sulfate(AS) was evaluated to treat harmful heavy metals such as Nickel(Ni) in deep-sea mining tailings. Korea(Rep. of) has acquired exclusive exploration rights for deep-sea mining areas and is developing commercial technologies to utilize actually deep-sea mineral resources. Transporting deep-sea mining tailings generated during development to land and use of hazardous chemicals in the marine environment are limited. As it is urgently required to develop remediation technologies considering these restrictions when treating deep-sea mining tailings at sea areas, the results of this research are presented as basic data for remediation technologies development by evaluating Ni extraction characteristic by elapsed time and concentration of additives.Methods : Manganese nodules samples prepared at 2%(w/v) using deionized water and manganese nodules(20 ~ 63 μm) and additives prepared under various concentration conditions were stirred and mixed under 16 elapsed time conditions. A solid phase and a liquid phase were separated, and harmful heavy metals extracted in the liquid phase were analyzed.Results and Discussion : As the elapsed time and the concentration of additives increased, the Ni removal rate also increased. Under the same EthyleneDiamineTetraacetic Acid(EDTA) concentration condition, the Ni removal rate increased as the AS additives concentration increased. 0.1 M EDTA and 1% AS mixed conditions showed the highest removal rate among all concentration conditions(27.5(±1.30) mg/L at 7 d).Conclusion It has been confirmed that the chemical washing treatment ability of AS compared to EDTA is effective without additional pH adjustment, and through the results of this research, it will be necessary to develop and optimize the actual remediation technologies using AS and process design.
Islamic Microfinance as a Poverty Reduction Tool in Terms of Islamic Finance: An Analysis of the Islami Bank Microfinance Scheme in Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Lutfun
Published: April 2022

Although Microfinance is one of the essential parts of poverty reduction, however, there are so ‎many microfinance schemes that provided financial help under the various organization models ‎in the world. But a Muslim is not able to benefit from these schemes since most of the time, ‎microfinance schemes are provided into a conventional microfinance system which includes the ‎‎“interest (Riba)” that is strictly prohibited for Muslims. Nevertheless, this study constitutes a ‎linkage between Islamic Finance and IBBL Islamic microfinance scheme, whether it works for alleviating poverty in ‎Bangladesh. As it is known that Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) focused Shariah ‎compliance disclosure by establishing its reputation and differentiating itself from conventional ‎microfinance systems. Accordingly, this article will point out how Islamic microfinance follows ‎the Islamic Shari’ah in its operation and helps clients to improve their moral and ethical values ‎through Rural Development Scheme (RDS), which allows the rural Muslims in Bangladesh to ‎involve in the Islamic microfinance schemes. Applying performance analysis techniques, this ‎article analyzes the status of Rural Development Schemes (RDS) offered by Islami ‎Bank Bangladesh Limited, Bangladesh, where the specific objectives of this study include ‎analyzing the allocation efficiency of RDS, and financial performance (Risk and Return ratios) ‎of RDS of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited and how it works as an alternative tool for poverty ‎reduction through their various investment models. With this method, this article mainly argues ‎whether Islamic microfinance provides an alternative to poverty reduction. ‎
Response to Covid-19 and Political Space at the Local Level
Authors: Hossain Abul , Habib Ahsan
Published: April 2022

Considering the widespread concern on political participation and voting rights in Bangladesh, many think the local organizations, civil societies, and NGOs cannot contribute expectedly in favor of mass peoples' needs for over a decade. On the other hand, many explain political context as state policies, elections, political systems, and government perspectives. Given these contexts, we are using the term political space in this article as an analytical method to explore the role of civil societies and local level organizations and institutions in responding to problems that arise due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Using the ethnographic methodology, we have provided empirical data supporting the dynamics of locally-led initiatives to respond coronavirus epidemic. The study explores the political space that institutional and informal civil society can create locally and play a role in the welfare of its citizens even when a country or a society is subject to strict control over certain political conventions and activities.
Reducing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Beyond the Bundle
Authors:   , Cirillo Deana
Published: April 2022

Practice Problem: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are preventable but are still the most common healthcare-associated infection (HAI) worldwide, encumbering the health of patients and escalating financial burden on society (CDC, 2021; Shadle, 2021). PICOT: In adult patients with spinal cord injury, does direct observation of urinary catheter insertion, compared to the standard of care, reduce the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, within ten weeks of implementation? Evidence: Multiple factors contribute to Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), but hand hygiene is the most important prevention measure to decrease contact transmission (Gould et al., 2017). The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) clinical guidelines stressed the importance of hand hygiene before urinary catheter insertion, along with maintaining aseptic technique during insertion (HICPAC, 2019). Intervention: A two-person catheter insertion protocol utilizing a standardized checklist was implemented to increase compliance with CAUTI infection prevention measures and to validate that hand hygiene and aseptic technique were performed before and maintained during catheter insertion. Outcome: There was no change in CAUTI rates after implementing the two-person insertion protocol. Rates reported two months before the intervention were zero and remained zero for the two-month implementation period. It can be noted that the intervention bared no negative effects on the CAUTI rates. The outcomes warrant further monitoring as the sample size was small and the implementation period was limited to ten weeks. Conclusion: A two-person catheter insertion protocol utilizing a standardized checklist proved to be clinically significant as it caused no adverse effects on CAUTI rates and may have attributed to decreasing the risk of CAUTI infections upon insertion.
Tackling Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Nelson Sarah
Published: April 2022

This book will inspire policy makers, practitioners, academics and journalists to rediscover courage in tackling child sexual abuse. Sarah Nelson proposes new models for child-centred, perpetrator-focussed child protection, for community prevention, and for work with survivor-offenders.
Student Lives in Crisis
Authors: Antonucci Lorenza
Published: April 2022

In this empirically-grounded analysis, Lorenza Antonucci compares the lives of university students at a time of austerity and financial crisis from three very different European welfare systems – Italy, England and Sweden.
Labour Exploitation and Work-Based Harm
Authors: Scott Sam
Published: April 2022

This book provides a critical understanding of contemporary forced labour as a global social problem and argues that it should be located within the broader study of work-based harm.
Inequality and African-American Health
Authors: Hill Shirley A.
Published: April 2022

This is the first book to offer a comprehensive perspective on health and sickness among African Americans. It shows how living in a highly racialized society affects health through multiple social contexts, including neighborhoods, personal and family relationships, and the medical system.
Leading Public Design
Authors: Bason Christian
Published: April 2022

Drawing on more than a decade of work on public sector innovation, the author provides a clear framework for understanding and learning an emerging management practice, leading public design.
Transforming Probation
Authors: Whitehead Philip
Published: April 2022

This book explores the politics of modernisation and transformation of probation in the criminal justice system. It draws upon innovative social theories and moral perspectives to analyse changes in the probation service, and makes a timely contribution to criminal justice and probation theory.
Radical Solutions to the Housing Supply Crisis
Authors: Bowie Duncan
Published: April 2022

This book analyses the roots of the current housing crisis in England, critically reviewing the development of policy under successive UK governments and presenting a specific critique of the current Conservative government’s housing and planning reforms.
Indigeneity: A Politics of Potential
Authors: O'Sullivan Dominic
Published: April 2022

This is the first comprehensive integration of political theory to explain indigenous politics. It assesses how indigenous and liberal political theories interact to consider the policy implications of the indigenous right to self-determination.
Study on Novel High Efficiency Dog Clutch for Stepped Automatic Transmissions
Authors:   Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., JAPAN, Shiotsu Isamu , Tani Hirofumi , Kimura Masanobu , Nozawa Yu ,   Toyota Motor Corporation, JAPAN, Honda Atsushi , Tabuchi Motoki , Yoshino Hirotsugu , Kanzaki Kentaroh
Published: April 2022

A new dog clutch for automatic transmission (AT) was developed to improve transmission efficiency. With this dog clutch, it is possible to replace a conventional 1st gear clutch (combination of a multi-plate wet-type clutch and a one-way sprag clutch) in AT. The dog rotor and rotary shaft are constantly engaged through helix splines. If the dog rotor and stator are engaged, albeit a small amount, the rotary force of the dog rotor is converted to a translating force of the engaging direction. Therefore, the engaging force of the dog clutch is assisted by this translating force when it is turned on. In contrast, the direction of the translating force is inverted when the 2nd gear clutch is engaged. The dog rotor receives the disengaging force, and it is passively disengaged as in a one-way sprag clutch when shifting upward from 1st to 2nd gear. Therefore, the transmission torque of the 1st and 2nd gears does not overlap and AT torque-gap does not occur when shifting gears with the proposed dog clutch. We confirmed that the longitudinal G-gap during the gear shift was the same as that of the conventional AT in the vehicle running test. Moreover, the drag losses of the dog clutch were 50-60 % lower than those of the multi-plate wet-type clutch. When AT downshifts during power-on, it is necessary to maintain a low driving torque until the relative rotational speed between the dog rotor and stator is reduced and the dog rotor engages completely. However, the proposed dog clutch can transmit the driving torque in the middle of engaging, thus reducing the waiting time. We demonstrated that the waiting time in the simulation was reduced because of the new dog clutch. The simulation model included the edge contact of the dog tooth and the frictional resistance forces. The friction coefficients measured in the clutch unit test were used for the model. The proposed dog clutch performs better than conventional clutch; therefore, it will be convinced to apply AT as well as drivetrain of the EV and PHEV.
Predictive Control utilizing Electronic Horizon for Hybrid & Range Extender Powertrains
Authors:   formerly AVL List GmbH, AUSTRIA, Jones Stephen ,   AVL List GmbH, AUSTRIA, Huss Arno , Boksebeld Sander , Wikström Niklas , Teuschl Gerald
Published: April 2022

A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) can achieve a considerably higher overall fuel economy than conventional vehicles. However, the fuel economy of HEVs strongly depends on the control strategy of the hybrid powertrain. Compared to conventional non-predictive hybrid control systems, predictive control methods can significantly further improve the fuel economy by anticipating future driving conditions such as hills, curves, speed limits, traffic flows, and in the future even geo-fenced low emission city zones. However, the selection of the driving mode and power distribution between multiple power sources which achieves the highest overall energy efficiency considering predictive information along the future driving route is a highly complex task. This complexity is further increased when taking into account the feasibility of the control actions, for example considering aspects such as driveability, NVH, emissions and lifetime durability, as well as real-time capability for online implementation on an HCU (Hybrid Control Unit). AVL’s predictive control methodology offers a flexible approach applicable to different hybrid types (e.g. HEV, Plug-in HEV and Range Extender) and powertrain topologies (e.g. parallel and series). It provides a real-time applicable control strategy that reduces the fuel/energy consumption, based on the preview of the future road type and topography and the likely velocity profile along the route, typically received from a digital map system in the form of an eHorizon, which may be enhanced with dynamic information from V2X. The control method consists of a long-horizon estimation that determines an energy efficient battery depletion strategy, which is subsequently tracked by an optimization-based short-horizon control method to select the driving mode and power distribution. The control method provides control requests for the different power sources, which can additionally explicitly consider constraints for feasibility and driveability (e.g. frequency of engine starts) to avoid unacceptable control policies. The performance of the control method is validated towards a globally optimal strategy obtained by an offline optimization using dynamic programming. The concept has been implemented on HCU hardware with limited computational resources, where its real-time capability was evaluated. In this paper, the predictive control methodology was applied on a hybrid passenger vehicle and the effectiveness of the strategy was demonstrated in a simulation environment. The predictive control method shows significant improvements in fuel economy, compared to a non-predictive and heuristic baseline control strategy.
Development and validation of powertrain controls for a compact non plug-in hybrid platform for single cylinder engines-DVI.
Authors:   Automotive Research Association of India, INDIA, Kaundinya Ashwin , Garapati Sriyan , Shah Rathin , Ghugal Swapnil , Shah Ravindra
Published: April 2022

Objective In developing economies, 2 & 3-wheelers comprise the bulk of the total vehicle fleet. The new push for complete fleet electrification is also hampered by inadequate infrastructure and availability of electricity, making this a segment that could easily and quickly benefit from hybridization. DVI consists of a newly designed compact crankshaft mounted motor-generator unit, with an intelligent control algorithm eliminating the need for a decoupling/clutch mechanism between the electrical drive and crankshaft. A compact high power battery pack provides boost power through the motor on demand, and recuperates energy during deceleration. This allows the system to compliment the engine torque, allowing for operation of the engine in more efficient regions of its performance map. Along with the associated benefits of a non-plug-in hybrid vehicle (significant fuel savings in urban cycles, better performance, reduced vehicular emissions, etc.), the system significantly improves drivability and is a practical emission free engine performance upgrade. The system has also been designed keeping in mind the possibility of a retrofit solution for in-use vehicles. The objective of this work is to showcase the virtual development of the said system consisting of hardware, software and control strategy. Methodology • Motivation & Introduction of the concept • Benchmarking of control strategy & development • Development of plant model & System sizing • SIL simulation, testing and results Results In this paper, we will present the benchmark study, control system design & development, MIL & SIL simulation, and virtual deployment and testing of the hybrid concept on a 2-wheeler. With simulation results showing on average a 15% improvement in fuel economy with a significant increase in low range torque, the system is a promising solution for performance upgradation even as a retrofit solution. Uniqueness • Developing the technology as a performance upgrade rather than just a CO2 & emission reduction system for better market acceptance • Improvement in drivability through Start/Stop, take off and Creep functionality • Minimal modification and altercations to existing ICE and control make it flexible. • System designed such that learning curve for operation is minimal with no additional drive controls. • Clutch-less cost engineered solution • Control strategy for various operating conditions
Efficient commercial powertrains – How to achieve a 30% GHG reduction in 2030
Authors:   FEV Group GmbH, GERMANY, van der Put Dieter
Published: April 2022

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector, the EU has agreed on new regulations to limit CO2 emissions of new heavy-duty vehicles over 16 tons by 15% from 2025 onwards and by 30% from 2030 onwards compared to the 2019 reference. These CO2 targets pose a major challenge, especially for the heavy-duty sector. The increase in freight traffic and vehicle size as well as weight restrictions limit the reduction potential of energy consumption. Moreover, the total costs of ownership (TCO) play a decisive role in which technologies find their way into this competitive market. Recent studies show that new energy sources from renewable energies will not have a noticeable effect on reducing CO2 emissions in the transport sector until 2030. In this transition, a significant portion will be achieved by vehicle measures, like e.g. aerodynamic and rolling resistance improvements, as well as intelligent mobility vehicle functionalities. To reduce CO2 emissions of long-haul trucks, the focus during the next decade will continue to be on optimizing the efficiency of the powertrain driven by a combustion engine. The improvement of the combustion efficiency is one part of the possible and necessary measures. An additional potential is to recycle a part of the waste energy, generated during operation, wherever and whenever it can be used efficiently. Because of region specific legislations, applications and market demands, prior to 2025 a short term flexible integration is key, therefore requiring a modular architecture. It consists of four major systems: - Energy converters for recovering loss energy from braking operation and exhaust enthalpy like Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) or Waste Heat Recovery systems (WHR) - Electrically supported aftertreatment solutions to also meet the next level of emission limits - 48V board network
- Electrified engine components like electrically driven auxiliaries, electrically assisted charging or an electrically driven low-pressure EGR pump to allow the combustion engine to be optimized throughout the entire operating range. The presentation describes the concept of such a modular electrified HD Longhaul Truck. Based on driving cycle simulations, the potential of the various modules, different configurations and applications are estimated. Furthermore, measures like alternative fuels (e.g. CNG, LNG, H2) will become available to further reduce CO2 emissions. As further initiative in this paper, intelligent mobility vehicle functionalities will be presented, making use of truck and cloud connectivity information and adapted to the customer specific truck operation requirements.
UTICAJ NAČINA ĐUBRENJA NA LJEKOVITA SVOJSTVA PERŠUNA
Authors:   Džemal Bijedić University of Mostar, Memić Alma , Lučić Govedarica Aleksandra , Komlen Vedrana , Šukalić Aida ,   University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the influence of the method of production, on the content of vitamin C in the leaf and root of parsley was investigated. The research was conducted during two growing seasons: 2013 and 2014. Three varieties of parsley were used in the research. The experiment included three type of fertilization.: mineral, organic and organomineral. The application of different fertilizers affected the content of vitamin C in the parsley. In both years the research the highest content of vitamin C were recorded with the application of organomineral, then with the application of organic fertilizers. Parsley leaf has a higher content of vitamin C compared to the root.
Аналіз динаміки смертності чоловіків в аспекті демографічних втрат населення України
Authors: Medvedovska N. V. , Kvach M. D.
Published: April 2022

Мета роботи: аналіз динаміки демографічних показників смертності населення України, її статевих, вікових та регіональних особливостей в аспекті вивчення причин формування негативного природного приросту, передумов та тенденцій зростання демографічних втрат. Матеріали та методи. Використано дані офіційної статистичної звітності Державної служби статистики України та Центру медичної статистики МОЗ України щодо змін в динаміці показників смертності різних статево-вікових груп населення. Методи  дослідження: системного підходу, медико-статистичний, контент-аналізу, бібліографічний. Результати. Доведено, що депопуляційні процеси, які розпочалися в кінці ХХ століття, продовжили своє стале формування та поглиблення із властивим саме для населення України переважанням коефіцієнтів смертності серед чоловіків. Відбувається одночасне зменшення чисельності та постаріння населення, із зростанням частки осіб старше 65 років та низькою питомою вагою дитячого населення в загальній його структурі. Скорочення загальної чисельності населення супроводжується подальшим зниженням народжуваності, зростанням негативного природного приросту, особливо серед мешканців сільської місцевості (із скороченням частки останніх до 30,5 %). Особливості коефіцієнтів смертності з розподілом за статтю проявилися переважанням показників серед чоловіків практично у всіх вікових групах. Великою зберігається різниця середньої очікуваної тривалості життя чоловіків та жінок (за підсумками 2020 р. 66,39 р. проти 76,22 р. відповідно). Показані особливості структури смертності чоловіків в Україні. Висновки. Встановлено, що тенденції депопуляції, постаріння населення, урбанізації, які донедавна вважалися в Україні тимчасовими, за останнє десятиліття суттєво поглибилися. Їх невідворотні наслідки проявляються унікальним для України феноменом зростання негативного природного приросту в поєднанні із надсмертністю чоловіків. Вказані демографічні трансформації становлять потенційну загрозу для зміцнення обороноздатності та соціально-економічного зростання держави.
Вплив імерсійних технологій на психофізіологічний статус курсантів Національної академії Національної гвардії України
Authors: Kalashchenko S. I. , Hrynzovskyi A. M.
Published: April 2022

Вступ. В наш час актуальною проблемою є полишення професії спеціалістами в перші роки, коли вони тільки приступають до виконання своїх службових обов’язків. В першу чергу це стосується людей, чия професійна діяльність пов’язана з екстремальними умовами праці. Одним з факторів цього є низька стресостійкість, яка в подальшому може стати причиною виникнення захворювань як на фізичному, так і на психоемоційному рівні. Використання сучасних імерсійних технологій може допомогти на етапі навчання виявляти людей з низькою стійкістю до стресових чинників та розробити для них комплекс превентивної реабілітації для збільшення кількості спеціалістів, які будуть залишатися в професії.

Мета. Оцінити стресостійкість курсантів Національної академії Національної гвардії України третього та четвертого року навчання на основі їх психофізіологічного статусу до та після впливу імерсійних технологій.

Матеріали та методи. Проведено обсерваційне дослідження, на протязі якого було обстежено 88 курсантів НАНГУ з вересня по жовтень 2021 року. В обстеженні респондентів використовувався програмно-апаратний комплекс професійного психологічного відбору та психофізіологічної експертизи «Психолот-1». В основу дослідження було покладено моделювання мікро-стресового навантаження з використанням тренажеру екіпажів БТР-4E, на якому курсанти працювали протягом 25-30 хвилин. Зняття показників психофізіологічного статусу курсантів проводилося двічі, до та після роботи на тренажері БТР-4Е. Статистична обробка даних проводилася з використанням ліцензійного статистичного пакету IBM SPSS Statistics Base v.22.

Результати. При аналізі мінімального часу експозиції фігури (до - 0,27±0,008, після - 0,25±0,008, p=0,002), який характеризує функціональну рухливість нервових процесів у респондентів, виявлено, що робота з тренажером БТР-4Е мала вплив на показник в бік його зменшення, а також була виявлена статистично значуща різниця середнього значення помилкових реакцій на коло (до - 8,24±0,35, після - 9,1±0,39, p=0,028) при використанні ІмТ. Проаналізувавши інтегральну оцінку стійкості до екстремальних умов до та після використання ІмТ статистично значущої різниці виявлено не було (до -0,287±0,25, після -0,382±0,3, p=0,61), що корелює із показником норми для інтегральної оцінки стійкості респондентів до стресових факторів, відхилення від якого не було виявлено.

Висновки. В ході нашого дослідження доведено, що використання імерсійних технологій має вплив на стресостійкість курсантів, а саме відмічається зниження процесів пізнання при роботі з тренажером БТР-4Е в умовах як відсутності подразника зорового аналізатора (p=0,008), так і при його наявності (p<0,001). Ми виявили залежність між врівноваженістю нервових процесів та функціональною рухливістю нервових процесів після використання тренажеру БТР-4Е.
Оптимізація методу концентрування екстракту біологічно активних речовин із дермального шару шкіри свиней
Authors: Kruglov E. M. , Borshchevskiy G. I.
Published: April 2022

Мета роботи. Оптимізація методу концентрування екстракту біологічно активних речовин із дермального шару шкіри свиней.

Матеріали та методи. Об’єктом дослідження була стадія концентрування технології отримання концентрату депротеїнізованого дермального шару шкіри свиней. Концентрування ультрафільтрату проводили методоми випарювання під вакуумом у реакторі та на ротаційному випарювачі та ліофільного сушіння. Кількісне визначення вмісту загального білка проводили згідно з вимогами ДФУ 1.4, п. 2.5.33 за методом Лоурі із використанням УФ- спектрометра Shimadzu UV-2401PC. Відсутність деструкції пептиду підтверджували методом високоефективної гель-проникної хроматографії із використанням хроматографа фірми «Agilent Technologies», модель Agilent 1200 з діодно-матричним детектором.

Результати та їх обговорення. Результати досліджень показали, що під час випарювання у реакторі  з повної колби процес концентрування екстракту дермального шару шкіри свиней не відбувається. Найбільший вміст загального білка в екстракті утворюється у разі використання методу випарювання на ротаційному випарювачі за температури водяної бані (30 ± 2 )0С. Зменшення вмісту білка в екстракті відбувається під час випарювання на роторному випарювачі з температурою бані (40 ± 2 )0С.  Хоча час випарювання в даному випадку зменшується на 17 %, втрати білка збільшуються на 27,6 %. Окрім цього, у разі підвищення температури спостерігалось  утворення видимих частинок в об’ємі концентрату, що свідчить про деструкцію білка. Така втрата білка неприпустима, оскільки призведе до збільшення маси концентрату під час приготування лікарського препарату у формі очних крапель.  У разі використання методу ліофільного сушіння було установлено, що вміст загального білка в ліофілізованому порошку складає 89,5% (мг/мг) та відповідає за встановленим молекулярно масовим розподілом концентратам отриманим методом випарювання. Час концентрування методом ліофільного сушіння 56 годин значно перевищує час концентрування методом випарювання та є більш технологічно складний.

Висновки. Концентрування екстракту депротеїнізованого дермального шару шкіри свиней необхідно проводити методом випарювання на ротаційному випарювачі за температури водяної бані (30±2) 0С і тиску 20 мПа. Концентрування екстракту депротеїнізованого дермального шару шкіри свиней за допомогою методу ліофільного сушіння є більш тривалим і технологічно складним та може бути використано для концентрування внутрішнього стандарту.
Diseño de modelo de atención para pacientes urgentes emergentes (Modelo PUE), vinculado a lean healthcare six sigma para servicios de urgencias en hospitales de alta especialidad
Authors: Huerta Enrique Girón , Clift Héctor José Villanueva
Published: April 2022

La presente investigación se efectúo en 2020, calculando una muestra estratificada de una población de 1800 pacientes graves, resultando una muestra de 210 pacientes dividida en tres grupos de 70 en tres diferentes niveles de gravedad. Objetivos: Demostrar que este modelo de atención propuesto para  pacientes urgentes/ emergentes (Modelo PUE), es efectivo para la recuperación de pacientes graves que ingresan por el servicio de urgencia hospitalaria. El modelo consiste en demostrar que la disminución de  tiempos de atención  desde su ingreso por recepción, valoración de gravedad y atención inmediata y respuesta rápida durante su ingreso es más efectivo con relación a otros modelos convencionales. Se  basa en la disminución de tiempos, mudas o desperdicios con aumento de velocidad de atención, disminución de  la variabilidad y aumento de  la calidad de atención. Metodología. Diseñamos un modelo de atención para Pacientes Urgentes Emergentes, (Modelo PUE), vinculado al modelo Lean Healthcare Six Sigma, con cartografias de mapa de flujo de valor, cadena de valor y un formato de instrumento dividido tres niveles de gravedad con disminución de medición tiempos de atención, da mejores resultados con relación con otros modelos convencionales. Resultados. Con la aplicación de este modelo  se logró de  disninuir los tiempos de atención de  5.1 minutos para nivel i (paciente con gravedad extrema), 9.45 minutos para nivel II, (pacientes muy graves), y 14.45 minutos para nivel III, (pacientes moderadamente graves), observando disminución de las complicaciones y mortalidad con relación al año 2018 – 2019. Conclusiones: Se concluye que al disminuir tiempos de atención, con mayor velocidad en la atención, disminución de la variabilidad y aumento de la calidad de atneción se logran mejores resultados en la atención del paciente grave.
MÜNHASIR EKONOMİK BÖLGEDE HAK VE YETKİ DAĞILIMIYLA İLGİLİ BELİRSİZLİKLER BAĞLAMINDA DENİZDE YAKIT İKMAL FAALİYETLERİNİN HUKUKÎ DURUMU
Authors: BAL Ali
Published: April 2022

BM Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesiyle (BMDHS) kodifiye edilen münhasır ekonomik bölgede (MEB) kıyı devletine başta bölgenin doğal kaynakları üzerinde olmak üzere çeşitli haklar ve yetkiler verilmiştir. Buna mukabil, diğer devletlerin de, MEB’de, açık denizlerde öteden beri tanınan serbestliklerden bir kısmına -Sözleşmenin ilgili hükümlerine tâbi olarak- sahip olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Sözleşme, kıyı devletine veya diğer devletlere verilmeyen hak ve yetkilerle ilgili ihtilafların ise, olayın koşulları ve ilgili tarafların menfaatleri gözetilerek hakkaniyet temelinde çözümünü öngörmektedir. Kapsamlı ve değişik ihtimalleri dikkate alan düzenlemelerin varlığına rağmen, MEB’deki faaliyetlerin kıyı devletinin mi yoksa diğer devletlerin mi yetki alanına girdiğinin tespiti her zaman kolay değildir. Bahsi geçen hükümler, yoruma açık ifadeler içerdiği gibi, genellikle Sözleşmenin diğer ilgili maddeleriyle birlikte değerlendirilmeyi de gerektirmektedir. BMDHS’de açıkça düzenlenmeyen MEB’de yakıt ikmal faaliyetleri açısından hangi devletin ne ölçüde yetkili olduğu hususu da, çeşitli uyuşmazlıklara yol açmakta ve gerek Sözleşme hükümlerinin gerek ilgili faaliyetin amaç ve özelliklerinin dikkatlice ele alınması ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışma, MEB’de yakıt ikmal faaliyetlerinin hukukî durumunu, ilgili hak ve yetkilerin dağılımı, yargı kararları ve akademik yaklaşımlar ışığında incelemeyi, değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Flood Problem of Puthimari River Basin: History and Present Pattern
Authors:   Research Scholar, Guwahati University, Devi Kamana
Published: April 2022

Flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters that occurs in all depths, from just a couple inches to many feet. Assam has the vast network of its two major rivers viz. the Brahmaputra and the Barak and their tributaries. However, the Brahmaputra river valley is the most flood prone area in Assam. The research article is made to understand the history and pattern of the damage caused by the flood in the Puthimari basin in Kamrup District of Assam. The study has been carried out using both field survey as well as remote sensing techniques. The hydrological data such as water level and water discharge have been collected from Water Resource Department and Brahmaputra Board, Govt of Assam. The water discharge data has been collected from 1955 to 2010 and the flood damage report from 2016 to 2020 have been collected from different newspapers and Flood Report of Assam State Disaster Management Authority. The flood of 2004 has been recorded as the highest from the danger perspectives. The stage hydrographs have been prepared using maximum and minimum water level from 1958 to 2016 where the flood of 1958 has been recorded as the highest devastating with (54.81- 49.79) 5.02 metre deviation from the danger level.
Modified Thermoelectric Coolers (TEC) Peltier Plate for Outdoor Activities with Rechargeable Battery using Solar Panel
Authors: Zakaria Liana Fairuz , Mudin Hatimi , M Nor Fethma
Published: April 2022

Thermoelectric cooler box was designed with the purpose of cooling with thermoelectric cooler (TEC) Peltier plate as a cooling medium. The objective of this project was to invent a cooler box that is suitable for outdoor activities. The thermal conductivity which is to measure the ability of the material to conduct heat in each layer inside the thermoelectric cooler box was identified for heat transfer analysis. Thermoelectric cooler box can be operated with a 12V battery or 12V DC power supply. The battery power can be charged using a 20W solar panel (if the battery power is drained out), with the condition that there should be heat radiation to generate electricity. Thus, no additional cost is needed on ice cubes whereby previously it requires more ice cubes to maintain the cold temperature inside the cooler box. By using a Peltier plate, the cooling hours inside can reach up to 100,000 hours with a maximum of 12 can of beverages stored inside the cooling box. Based on literature reviews, conduction and convection resistance between each layer of materials inside the cooler box play an important role to ensure heat is transferred inside the box. The heat sink also helps to ensure heat dissipation before flowing into the cooler box. In this design, a total of 56 kW of heat can be transferred from the box to keep the cooler box cool with the minimum temperature 15.6°C within a period of 35 minutes.