bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ĐẶC ĐIỂM VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN MỨC ĐỘ NẶNG CỦA NGƯNG THỞ TẮC NGHẼN KHI NGỦ Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2
Authors: Võ Phạm Minh Thư , Trương Ngọc Thạch , Nguyễn Huỳnh Thiện Duyên , Nguyễn Thế Bảo
Published: April 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định đặc điểm và một số yếu tố liên quan đến mức độ nặng của ngưng thở tắc nghẽn khi ngủ (OSA) ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường típ 2. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được tiến hành trên 42 bệnh nhân đái tháo đường típ 2 được chẩn đoán OSA tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y dược Cần Thơ từ tháng 03 năm 2023 đến tháng 3 năm 2024. Kết quả: Về đặc điểm chung, nhóm OSA trung bình-nặng chiếm ưu thế đáng kể so với nhóm OSA nhẹ về tỷ lệ nam giới (50% vs. 10,7%, p = 0,008) và tiền sử hút thuốc lá (71,4% vs. 32,1%, p = 0,016). Về đặc điểm lâm sàng, nhóm OSA nhẹ ưu thế hơn về triệu chứng thức dậy mệt mỏi (96,4% vs. 64,3%, p = 0,011). Bên cạnh đó, các triệu chứng ngưng thở/nghẹt thở, thở hổn hển, thức giấc về đêm, ngáy to và giảm tập trung ưu thế ở nhóm OSA nhẹ, trong khi tình trạng đau đầu buổi sáng, buồn ngủ ban ngày, mất ngủ, tiểu đêm lại hay gặp ở nhóm OSA trung bình-nặng nhưng sự khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê. Về đặc điểm đa ký hô hấp, kết quả ghi nhận nhóm OSA trung bình-nặng có chỉ số AHI, chỉ số ngưng thở tắc nghẽn và chỉ số ODI cao hơn so với nhóm OSA nhẹ lần lượt là 33,35 ± 11,19 và 9,44 ± 3,13; 17,51 ± 11,4 và 1,08 ± 1,27; và 35,74 ± 16,45 và 14,16 ± 6,92 (tất cả p < 0,001). Tuy nhiên, phân tích đa biến cho thấy chỉ có triệu chứng thức dậy mệt mỏi có liên quan đến khả năng mắc OSA trung bình-nặng cao hơn (OR = 13,28; KTC 95%: 1,02-173,56; p = 0,049). Kết luận: Ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường típ 2, không có sự tương quan rõ giữa triệu chứng lâm sàng và mức độ nặng của OSA. Tuy nhiên, một số đặc điểm ưu thế ở OSA trung bình-nặng cần lưu ý như giới tính nam, tiền sử hút thuốc lá, đặc biệt là triệu chứng thức dậy mệt mỏi nhằm tầm soát và đánh giá thêm với các thông số trên đa ký hô hấp.
SMART DRILLING TECHNOLOGIES: HARNESSING AI FOR PRECISION AND SAFETY IN OIL AND GAS WELL CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Oladiran Kayode Olajiga  , Nwankwo Constance Obiuto  , Riliwan Adekola Adebayo  , Igberaese Clinton Festus-Ikhuoria
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the integration of AI in smart drilling technologies, examining its applications, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. By harnessing the power of AI, smart drilling technologies enable proactive decision-making, automation, and optimization throughout the drilling lifecycle. From well planning and design to real-time monitoring and control, AI-driven systems improve operational performance, reduce risks, and maximize resource recovery. Despite facing challenges such as data integration, technology adoption, and regulatory compliance, the potential benefits of smart drilling technologies are substantial. Enhanced precision, improved safety, increased efficiency, and sustainable practices are among the key benefits offered by these technologies. Looking towards the future, opportunities for further innovation and advancement abound, including the development of advanced AI algorithms, integration with IoT and big data analytics, and a focus on environmental sustainability. By embracing innovation, collaboration, and a commitment to sustainability, the oil and gas industry can unlock new opportunities for growth and resilience in the evolving landscape of oil and gas well construction. Smart drilling technologies hold the promise of reshaping the future of well construction, paving the way for safer, more efficient, and sustainable drilling operations in the oil and gas industry. Smart drilling technologies are revolutionizing the oil and gas industry, offering unprecedented levels of precision and safety in well construction. By integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into drilling processes, these technologies optimize drilling parameters, reduce risks, and maximize resource recovery.. Enhanced precision, improved safety, increased efficiency, and sustainable practices are among the key benefits offered by these technologies. Looking towards the future, opportunities for further innovation and advancement abound, including the development of advanced AI algorithms, integration with IoT and big data analytics, and a focus on environmental sustainability.

Keywords: Smart drilling, Artificial intelligence (AI), Oil and gas industry Efficiency, Safety, Sustainability.
SME FINANCING THROUGH FINTECH: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF TRENDS IN NIGERIA AND THE USA
Authors: Yinka James Ololade
Published: April 2024

In this comprehensive review, we examine the burgeoning influence of Financial Technology (FinTech) on Small and Medium Enterprises' (SMEs) financing, with a focus on comparative trends between Nigeria and the USA. The paper aims to dissect how FinTech innovations have redefined the landscape of SME financing, facilitating enhanced accessibility and efficiency in financial services. Through an extensive literature review that spans academic journals, industry reports, and case studies, this study synthesizes current knowledge on the subject, offering a panoramic view of the FinTech ecosystem and its implications for SMEs in both developed and developing economies. Our analysis reveals that in the USA, FinTech has dramatically transformed SME financing by introducing alternative lending platforms, which provide more agile and less cumbersome financing options than traditional banks. This shift has not only improved the speed of funding but also expanded the availability of capital to a broader range of businesses. Conversely, in Nigeria, FinTech's impact is seen in the democratization of financial services, where mobile money and digital banking platforms have significantly increased SMEs' access to financial resources, overcoming historical barriers such as lack of collateral and banking infrastructure. The paper identifies key factors driving FinTech adoption in SME financing, including regulatory environments, technological advancements, and SMEs' growing demand for flexible financial solutions. It also highlights the challenges and opportunities inherent in leveraging FinTech for economic development and SME growth in both countries.

Conclusively, the study underscores the transformative potential of FinTech in bridging the financing gap faced by SMEs, while also pointing out the necessity for supportive policies, digital literacy, and infrastructure development to fully harness FinTech's benefits. This review contributes to the ongoing dialogue on FinTech's role in economic empowerment, offering insights that could inform policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in the nexus between technology and small business financing.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), oil industry, efficiency, innovation, sustainability, challenges, strategies, emerging trends, cross-country collaboration, USA, Nigeria..
AGILE WORK CULTURES IN IT: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF HR'S ROLE IN FOSTERING INNOVATION SUPPLY CHAIN
Authors: Funmilayo Aribidesi Ajayi  , Chioma Ann Udeh
Published: April 2024

This study systematically examines the role of Human Resources (HR) in fostering agile work cultures within the Information Technology (IT) sector, with a focus on enhancing the innovation supply chain. Through a comprehensive literature review and content analysis, this research explores how HR practices can support and drive the adoption of agile methodologies, thereby contributing to organizational flexibility, innovation, and competitive advantage. The methodology involved sourcing data from academic databases and grey literature, employing a strategic search strategy, and applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant literature. The analysis highlighted the critical role of HR in developing agile leadership, fostering a culture of continuous learning and psychological safety, and leveraging HR technologies to enhance workforce agility. Key findings reveal that HR's strategic interventions in leadership development, learning and development frameworks, and the promotion of agile team dynamics are essential in cultivating an agile work culture. Furthermore, the study anticipates future challenges and opportunities in agile work cultures, including the integration of remote work models, artificial intelligence, and ensuring diversity and inclusion. Strategic recommendations for HR leaders and IT executives emphasize the importance of investing in agile leadership, enhancing team dynamics, and promoting a culture of continuous improvement. Finally, the study underscores the pivotal role of HR in enabling agile transformations within IT sectors. Future research directions include exploring the impact of emerging technologies on agile methodologies and the role of HR in fostering inclusive and diverse agile teams. This research contributes to the understanding of how agile practices supported by HR innovations can drive organizational success in the rapidly evolving digital landscape.

Keywords:  Agile Work Cultures, Human Resources (HR), Information Technology (IT) Innovation, Agile Leadership Development.
PREDICTIVE MODELING FOR DISEASE OUTBREAKS: A REVIEW OF DATA SOURCES AND ACCURACY
Authors: Scholastica Ijeh  , Chioma Anthonia Okolo  , Jeremiah Olawumi Arowoogun  , Adekunle Oyeyemi Adeniyi  , Olufunke Omotayo
Published: April 2024

This review explores the dynamic field of predictive modelling for disease outbreaks, focusing on the data sources, modelling techniques, accuracy, challenges, and future directions integral to its advancement. It underscores the significance of diverse data sources, including epidemiological, environmental, social media, and mobility data. It also discusses various modelling approaches, from statistical models to advanced machine learning algorithms and network analysis. The review highlights the critical role of accuracy and validation in predictive models, alongside the challenges posed by data quality, model complexity, and the ethical use of personal data. It outlines promising research avenues, such as improving data collection methods, integrating novel data sources like genomic data, and leveraging emerging technologies such as AI and IoT to enhance predictive capabilities. This comprehensive overview emphasizes the importance of predictive modelling in informing public health decisions and the continuous need for innovation and collaboration to address the complex dynamics of disease outbreaks.

Keywords:  Predictive Modeling, Disease Outbreaks, Data Sources, Machine Learning, Public Health, Emerging Technologies.
A INCUMBÊNCIA DA FAMÍLIA NA EDUCAÇÃO DOS FILHOS E O SEU APRIMORAMENTO NA ESCOLA
Authors: Bastos Manoel de Jesus
Published: April 2024

Diante de uma série de equívocos a respeito do papel educativo, surgiu a inquietação por explicitar tal processo. Afinal, quem deve educar os filhos, a família ou a escola? Por considerar ser a família o primeiro grupo social em que o indivíduo participa, recebendo subsídios para o norteamento da vida, é nela, portanto, que deve receber as primeiras orientações educacionais, ficando a escola, secundariamente, com a incumbência de apenas complementar. Educação e escolarização são processos indissociáveis e dependentes. Quando a família cumpre com o papel educativo dos filhos a escola vai ter menos problemas indisciplinares, avançando ininterruptamente com o processo, evoluindo-o. Muitas famílias parecem desconhecer o dever “educar”, ou simplesmente se esquivam a cumpri-lo, terceirizando-o à escola. Dessa forma, fica evidente   que quando a família não educa, a escola sofre as consequências e termina desempenhando uma tarefa que não é exclusivamente sua. Obviamente, o que se aprende ou o que se deixa de aprender na família refletirá na sociedade, positiva ou negativamente. A Educação é uma prática social que visa o desenvolvimento do ser humano, devendo ser iniciada na família, esmerada na escola e continuada na sociedade.
The radiative impact of biomass burning aerosols on dust emissions over Namibia and the long-range transport of smoke observed during the Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) campaign
Authors: Flamant Cyrille , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Gaetani Marco , Schepanski Kerstin , Formenti Paola
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols (BBAs) on low-level atmospheric circulation over southern Africa are investigated on 5 September 2017 during the Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) field campaign. This is conducted using a variety of in situ and remote sensing observations, as well as two 5 d ensemble simulations made with the Meso-NH mesoscale model, one including the direct and semi-direct radiative effects of aerosols and one in which these effects are not included. We show that the radiative impact of BBA building up over a period of 5 d in the Meso-NH simulations can lead to significantly different circulations at low and middle levels, thereby affecting dust emissions over southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa as well as the transport of BBA in a so-called “river of smoke”. While most of the regional-scale dynamics, thermodynamics and composition features are convincingly represented in the simulation with BBA radiative effects, neglecting the radiative impact of BBA leads to unrealistic representations of (i) the low-level jet (LLJ) over the plateau, which is the main low-level dynamic feature fostering dust emission, and (ii) the mid-level dynamics pertaining to the transport of BBA from the fire-prone regions in the tropics to the mid-latitudes. For instance, when the BBA radiative impacts are not included, the LLJ is too weak and not well established over night, and the developing convective planetary boundary layer (PBL) is too deep compared to observations. The deeper convective PBL over Etosha and surrounding areas is related to the enhanced anomalous upward motion caused by the eastern displacement of the river of smoke. This eastern displacement is, in turn, related to the weaker southerly African easterly jet. Both ensemble simulations provide clear evidence that the enhanced near-surface extinction coefficient values detected from observations over Etosha are related to the downward mixing of BBA in the developing convective boundary layer rather than dust being emitted as a result of the LLJ breakdown after sunrise. This study suggests that the radiative effect of BBAs needs to be taken into account to properly forecast dust emissions in Namibia.
Hypoxia also occurs in small highly turbid estuaries: the example of the Charente (Bay of Biscay)
Authors: Schmidt Sabine , Diallo Ibrahima Iris
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The French coast facing the Bay of Biscay (North-East Atlantic) is characterised by the presence of small macrotidal and turbid estuaries, including the Charente, which is geographically located between the two large estuaries of the Gironde and the Loire (south-west France). Multi-year, multi-site and high-frequency water quality surveys have shown that the Loire and, to a lesser extent, the Gironde suffer from summer hypoxia. These observations raised the question of the possible occurrence of hypoxia, particularly in one of these small estuaries, the Charente, which flows into the Bay of Marennes-Oléron, the first oyster-farming area in France. Unlike its two large neighbours, the Charente estuary is not continuously monitored, although it is subject to similar climatic changes and anthropogenic pressures, making it impossible to assess potential risks to the ecosystem. Here we present a first study of dissolved oxygen in the Charente estuary based on a combination of longitudinal studies along the estuary axis and instrumented sites to determine the intensity and spatial extent of deoxygenation. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity sensors were deployed at several sites during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 to record temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen every 15 min. The high-frequency dataset is compared with a long-term low-frequency dataset (1975–2022; 8–12 measurements per year) to determine whether or not there is a deterioration in the oxygenation of the Charente estuary. The high-frequency dataset shows a high variability in dissolved oxygen (DO) with a clear influence of the tidal cycle. During summer, DO concentrations are often below 5 mg L−1 and sometimes even below 2 mg L−1, indicating the presence of a summer estuarine oxygen minimum zone with an extension along the estuarine axis of about 20–25 km. Temperature is the main factor controlling DO in the Charente estuary, which limits preventive management strategies and, in the context of global warming, raises questions about the long-term suitability of estuarine conditions for the needs of the biological communities, particularly migratory fish.
Do data-driven models beat numerical models in forecasting weather extremes? A comparison of IFS HRES, Pangu-Weather and GraphCast
Authors: Olivetti Leonardo , Messori Gabriele
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The last few years have witnessed the emergence of data-driven weather forecast models able to compete and in some respects outperform physics-based numerical models. However, recent studies question the capability of data-driven models to provide reliable forecasts of extreme events. Here, we aim to evaluate this claim by comparing the performance of leading data-driven models in a semi-operational setting, focusing on the prediction of near-surface temperature and windspeed extremes globally. We find that data-driven models outperform ECMWF’s physics-based deterministic model in the average prediction of 10 m windspeed and 2 m temperature, and can also compete with the physics-based model in terms of extremes in most regions. However, the choice of best model depends strongly on region, type of extreme and sometimes even lead time. Thus, we conclude that data-driven models may already now be a useful complement to physics-based forecasts in those regions where they display superior tail performance, but that some challenges still need to be overcome before widespread operational implementation can take place.
Present-Day Methane Shortwave Absorption Mutes Surface Warming and Wetting Relative to Preindustrial Conditions
Authors: Allen Robert J. , Zhao Xueying , Randles Cynthia A. , Kramer Ryan J. , Samset Bjorn H. , Smith Christopher J.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Recent analyses show the importance of methane shortwave absorption, which many climate models lack. In particular, Allen et al. (2023) used idealized climate model simulations to show that methane shortwave absorption mutes up to 30 % of the surface warming and 60 % of the precipitation increase associated with its longwave radiative effects. Here, we explicitly quantify the radiative and climate impacts due to shortwave absorption of the present-day methane perturbation using the Community Earth System Model version 2. Our results corroborate that present-day methane shortwave absorption mutes the warming and wetting effects of longwave absorption. For example, the global mean cooling in response to the present-day methane shortwave absorption is -0.10 ± 0.04 K, which offsets 29 % of the surface warming associated with present-day methane longwave radiative effects. Similarly, we explicitly estimate 66 % of the precipitation increase associated with the longwave radiative effects of the present-day methane perturbation is offset by shortwave absorption. Unlike other solar absorbers (i.e., black carbon), the decrease in global mean precipitation under methane shortwave absorption is driven by both fast (atmospheric absorption) and slow (surface temperature cooling) responses. Finally, we show that the present-day methane shortwave radiative effects, relative to its longwave radiative effects, are about five times larger as compared to those under idealized carbon dioxide perturbations. The unique responses to methane shortwave absorption are related to its vertical atmospheric solar heating profile. Methane remains a potent greenhouse gas and continued endeavors to decrease methane emissions are necessary to stay below the 1.5 °C global warming threshold.
Cómo presentar los datos en tablas y figuras en la investigación en salud
Authors: Anconetani María V. , Jancko Alavia Irma L. , Carretero Marcelina , Cirelli Delfina , Posadas Martínez María L.
Published: April 2024

La presentación efectiva de datos en investigaciones de salud se logra a través de tablas y figurasestratégicamente diseñadas. Estos elementos tienen la capacidad de captar la atención de los lectoresy transmitir información compleja de manera visual. Las tablas organizan datos complejos de maneraconcisa, con títulos descriptivos y disposiciones que facilitan la comparación. Por otro lado, las figurasdeben ser claras para cumplir con su propósito comunicativo. Ambas se deben numerar y ordenar enel texto. Presentan particularidades en el modo de difusión, por ejemplo en los pósteres requierenespaciado y fuentes adecuadas para su legibilidad. En conclusión, las tablas y figuras son herramientasvaliosas para resumir y presentar información en investigaciones de salud.
Developing professional capacity for education administrators and teachers for the 2018 General Education Program implementation
Authors: Nguyen Thi Tuyet Hanh
Published: April 2024

The 2018 General Education Program was issued under Circular No. 32/2018/TT-BGDĐT dated December 26, 2018 of the Ministry of Education and Training. The program has many new features and is built in an open direction, with the goal of developing student competence and qualities, giving autonomy to schools for the implementation. Accordingly, education administrators and teachers of schools need to be trained and given specific instructions to be able to master changes and know how to overcome barriers to implementing the program as required for quality insuarance. Since 2019 the Ministry of Education and Training has issued official documents guiding the implementation of the program; assigning Universities of Education and the Academy of Educational Management to train education administrators and teachers on implementing the 2018 General Education Program. However, after more than 3 years of implementing the program at all levels, there are still shortcomings to be removed. This article summarizes the implementation process and training results to implement the 2018 General Education Program, identifying issues to be resolved for improvements.
Teaching 5th-graders Geometry and Measurement content towards developing creative thinking
Authors: Nguyen Thi Truc Minh
Published: April 2024

Developing students’ creative thinking is to incorporating creative-thinking characteristics into teaching activities. That means converting from psychological activities into educational activities. The article clarifies the concept and characteristics of creative thinking, expressions of creative thinking of 5th graders in learning Geometry and Measurement content, thereby proposing procedure of designing teaching activities related to this content towards developing 5th-graders’ creative thinking.
Using teaching facilities to support Khmer ethnic students at some primary schools in Soc Trang, An Giang and Dong Thap in learning Vietnamese
Authors: Huynh My Linh
Published: April 2024

This article studies the use of visual teaching aids in supporting Khmer students at some primary schools in Soc Trang, An Giang, and Dong Thap provinces to learn Vietnamese well. Specifically, the article points out the influence of mother tongue on pronunciation and word use of Khmer students at some primary schools in Soc Trang, An Giang and Dong Thap provinces in learning Vietnamese. It also shows that visual teaching aids can facilitate stundents learning to read, write, speak, and narrate in Vietnamese language, and makes clear the demand for visual support of Khmer students in some schools when learning Vietnamese. From those results, the author proposes the measure related to using visual teaching aids in teaching reading, writting, speaking, and storytelling in Vietnamese for Khmer students at some surveyed primary schools. This study used theoretical research methods to find out the influence of mother tongue on learning Vietnamese of Khmer primary school students, collected information about mispronunciation and the need for visual support of 80 Khmer students in Soc Trang, An Giang and Dong Thap provinces. The results show that students' pronunciation and word use errors are related to the similarities in sounds and meanings of the two languages, and the rate of needing visual support to learn Vietnamese is very high. Therefore, the article proposes to use visual teaching aids to support Khmer primary school students at the above provinces in learning Vietnamese with some specific instructions and examples. The study has limitations on the size of the survey sample and will be improved in next studies.
Concordancia entre docentes de Endodoncia de facultades de odontología de la Argentina en la evaluación radiográfica de tratamientos endodónticos

/Agreement in the radiographic evaluation of endodontic treatments among teachers from dental schools in Argentina
Authors: Cantarini Carlos , Goldberg Fernando
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Analizar la concordancia entre docentes de diferentes cátedras de Endodoncia de facultades de odontología de universidades de la República Argentina en la evaluación radiográfica de tratamientos endodónticos realizados ex vivo por alumnos de grado.

Materiales y métodos: Se envió a 13 docentes de diferentes cátedras de Endodoncia de facultades de odontología de universidades públicas y privadas de la República Argentina un email que contenía 54 tratamientos endodónticos realizados por alumnos de grado en dientes ex vivo para su evaluación radiográfica. Para uniformar la muestra, se seleccionaron la mitad como correctos y la otra mitad incorrectos. Se solicitó a cada docente que determine cada tratamiento como correcto o incorrecto, sin ninguna rúbrica o pauta previa.

Se obtuvieron 13 respuestas que fueron incluidas en una planilla Excel. La evaluación estadística fue realizada teniendo en consideración el índice de concordancia expresado por el coeficiente de kappa.

Resultados: El valor registrado para el índice kappa fue 0,28, con un intervalo de confianza de (95%) 0,20 - 0,37 (p<0,001).

Conclusiones: Puede considerarse que existe un nivel de concordancia aceptable con tendencia a leve entre los participantes del estudio.

Palabras clave: Alumnos de grado, concordancia, evaluación radiográfica, valoración docente.

/Aim: To analize the agreement between teachers from different departments of Endodontics from dentistry faculties of universities in the Argentine Republic in the radiographic evaluation of endodontic treatments performed ex vivo by undergraduate students.

Materials and methods: An email containing 54 endodontic treatments performed by undergraduate students on ex vivo teeth for radiographic evaluation was sent to 13 professors from different Endodontic departments of dental faculties of public and private universities in the Argentine Republic. To standardize the sample, half were selected as correct and the other half as incorrect. Each teacher was asked to determine each treatment as correct or incorrect, without any prior rubric or guideline. 13 responses were obtained that were included in an Excel spreadsheet. The statistical evaluation was carried out taking into consideration the concordance index expressed by kappa’s coefficient.

Results: The value recorded for the kappa index was 0.28, with a confidence interval of (95%) 0.20 - 0.37 (p<0.001).

Conclusions: It can be considered that there is an acceptable level of agreement with a tendency towards slight agreement among the study participants.

Key words: Agreement, radiographic evaluation, teaching assessment, undergraduate students.
Cynthia Ozick’s “Outcry of Failure”
Authors: Tyson Charlie
Published: April 2024

This article examines the preoccupation with failure that pervades Cynthia Ozick’s essays. Ozick regularly presents herself in her public statements as obscure, unread, and soon to be forgotten; in essays and interviews she habitually returns to a period in her twenties and thirties when she labored in vain to get published. Ozick’s concern with the youthful literary success that eluded her is the visible edge of a larger fascination with failure that spirals through her essays. Whether comically underscoring the incompetence with which writers approach the ordinary tasks of life or meditating more somberly on the waning of fame and the difficulties of achieving cultural permanence, Ozick finds marginality, failure, and falling short as fundamental to literary creation.
Recent advances in xylitol production in biorefineries from lignocellulosic biomass: a review study
Authors: Santos Jéssyka Ribeiro , Diel Rambo Magale Karine , Scapin Elisandra
Published: April 2024

O avanço das práticas sustentáveis nas biorrefinarias desempenha um papel crucial na mitigação das emissões de carbono e na utilização eficiente dos recursos naturais, preservando o meio ambiente. As biorrefinarias, que convertem biomassa lignocelulósica em uma variedade de produtos, destacam-se pela capacidade de transformar resíduos em produtos de alto valor agregado. Entre os produtos da biorrefinaria, o xilitol destaca-se. Ele é obtido pela conversão da xilose presente na lignocelulose e oferece benefícios à saúde, sendo considerado uma molécula intermediária na produção de valiosos produtos químicos. Os métodos microbiológicos na produção de xilitol são cada vez mais reconhecidos como uma alternativa eficiente e ambientalmente amigável. Esses são alguns dos principais fatores discutidos nesta revisão, que visa demonstrar a rota biotecnológica de produção do xilitol com o uso de materiais lignocelulósicos. Vários estudos foram observados quanto à caracterização de diversos resíduos lignocelulósicos, e notou-se que o Eucalyptus globulus e a folha de bananeira apresentam altos teores de xilose. Ao se analisarem as pesquisas mais recentes relacionadas à produção de xilitol, foi identificada a possibilidade de coprodução de bioetanol na mesma rota biotecnológica de produção do xilitol. Por exemplo, estudos demonstraram que a mistura do bagaço e a palha da cana-de-açúcar, bem como o resíduo de palha de arroz, foram capazes de produzir níveis elevados de xilitol e etanol, atingindo 30,61 g/L de xilitol e 47,97 g/L de etanol e 34,21 g/L de xilitol e 2,12 g/L de etanol, respectivamente. Essas inovações não apenas promovem a sustentabilidade, mas também têm o potencial de gerar impactos positivos na economia global.
Second-generation antipsychotic drugs and their impact on adipose tissue
Authors: Rada Patricia , Ferreira Vítor , Martínez  Valverde Ángela M.
Published: April 2024

Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that affects 21 million people worldwide. Currently, second-generation or atypical antipsychotics (SGAs) are the first-line medications for the treatment of this disease. However, despite its high efficacy in counteracting the neuropsychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia, recent clinical investigations in patients treated with SGAs show an increase in the prevalence of pivotal metabolic alterations, including increased body weight, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for these side effects are not fully understood, cumulative evidences associate SGA administration with alterations in the different adipose tissue depots of white, brown and beige adipocytes. In this review, we have recapitulated the current knowledge in this area with a particular focus on the molecular aspects of the adipocyte biology, including differentiation, lipid metabolism, thermogenic function and browning processes.

Keywords: antipsychotics; schizophrenia; adipose tissue; thermogenesis; browning; lipid; metabolism
A prática avaliativa nos anos iniciais no ensino fundamental: estudo sobre avaliação em uma escola do município de Caracaraí-RR
Authors: Feitosa Osmiriz Lima , Silva Euzamar Endy Ferreira da
Published: April 2024

O artigo discute as práticas avaliativas da ação docente e os fundamentos teóricos da avaliação escolar, bem como, a relação entre o ensino e a aprendizagem na construção do conhecimento através da avaliação nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O objetivo é analisar as práticas avaliativas dos professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir de um estudo de caso em uma escola do município de Caracaraí-RR, identificando a materialidade da prática avaliativa dos professores. Fundamenta-se à luz de autores como Luckesi (2011), Hoffmann (2014), Sant´Anna (2013) e Libâneo (2004) que contribuíram na análise da prática avaliativa. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica na consulta de livros, teses e dissertações que discutem os fundamentos da avaliação escolar e a pesquisa de campo através da aplicação de questionários para professores e coordenadores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Os resultados evidenciam a contradição da prática avaliativa no espaço escolar, por um lado, os docentes revelam domínio teórico sobre o papel da avaliação escolar, por outro, as práticas avaliativas desenvolvidas na sala de aula encontra-se na perspectiva da pedagogia tradicional.
A avaliação do impacto do uso dos dispositivos eletrônicos para fumar (DEFs) na saúde de estudantes usuários
Authors: Rigo Luis Fernando , Ahmad Saíd Rashad Musleh , Rempel Claudete
Published: April 2024

O aumento do uso de novas modas tabágicas, especialmente, os dispositivos eletrônicos para fumar (DEFs), como o vape vem alcançando jovens e adolescentes. Não há evidências suficientes, pelo curto prazo de existência e consumo dos mesmos, dos benefícios ou malefícios desses equipamentos. Com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto do uso dos DEFs na saúde dos estudantes usuários destes dispositivos na Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, foram analisadas 113 respostas de um questionário enviado aos alunos. 19 estudantes utilizam DEFs, destes, 11 são usuários com baixa dependência química. 63,2% desses usuários não notaram mudança de comportamento psicológico; 57,9% não notaram diferença quanto ao rendimento nas atividades físicas; 30% desses usuários relataram dispneia e/ou taquicardia. 73,7% dos participantes usuários não notaram diferença nos hábitos alimentares; 78,9% não relataram mudança nos hábitos de estudos e 100% dos alunos usuários não notaram mudança nos hábitos de sono. Verificou-se que não houve interferências significativas, quanto ao uso de DEFs no comportamento geral, nos hábitos alimentares, nos hábitos de estudos, nas atividades físicas e nem no sono. O fator desencadeante ao uso de vape foi o estresse.
De la religión del trabajo a la locura
Authors: Mahieu Eduardo
Published: April 2024

A partir de una cita apócrifa de Sigmund Freud alrededor del trabajo y la salud mental, efectuamos una pesquisa histórica que conduce desde la creación de los primeros conventos en el siglo IV de nuestra era, hasta los trabajos del psiquiatra alemán Hubertus Tellenbach. Curiosamente, siguiendo dicho hilo conductor, encontramos la noción de forma-de-vida que el filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben explota en su trabajo sobre el monaquismo, y sobre todo, y de manera imprevista, la obra central del sociólogo alemán Max Weber La ética protestante y el espíritu del capitalismo que reune religión y éxito económico con un alto costo subjetivo. Así enfocados, ellos hace surgir una figura de una gran frecuencia en la clínica más contemporánea: el tipo melancólico de Tellenbach como una de las caras del espíritu de nuestro tiempo.
The effect of Age Toward Learning a Second Language
Authors: Haryono Endah P. , Manggopa Rolina E.
Published: April 2024

Age has long been perceived as a pivotal factor influencing proficiency in acquiring a second or foreign language. The disparity between child and adult second language (L2) learning is widely acknowledged, with children often deemed more adept and rapid learners compared to adults. The prevailing notion suggests that adults cannot attain native-like fluency in a second language, indicating a potential limitation in adult L2 acquisition. Furthermore, there is a notion of a critical period during which language acquisition is most effective and success in second language learning is attainable. Nevertheless, the debate surrounding this topic has persisted among language researchers for numerous years. This article endeavors to delve into this contentious issue, aiming to elucidate whether the success of second language learning is indeed constrained by age. Through a systematic review methodology within a descriptive qualitative framework, this study examines previous research to discern patterns, insights, and contradictions in the literature regarding the impact of age on second language acquisition. By critically evaluating existing findings, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between age and proficiency in learning a second language
The Phenomenology of ChatGPT: A Semiotics
Authors: Byrne Thomas
Published: April 2024

This essay comprises a first phenomenological semiotics of ChatGPT. I analyse how we experience the language signs generated by that AI. This task is accomplished in two steps. First, I introduce a conceptual scaffolding for the project, by introducing core tenets of Husserl's semiotics.
Second, I mould Husserl's theory to develop my phenomenology of the passive and active consciousness of the language signs composed by ChatGPT. On the one hand, by discussing temporality, I demonstrate that ChatGPT can passively demand me to understand its signs. On the other hand, I show
that a conflict arises between active and passive consciousness when reading ChatGPT. While I actively know that there is no communicating subject, I still passively experience these signs as made by another. I argue that it is this conflict which lends ChatGPT its 'magical' character. I conclude
by showing how these observations can inform future regulation of AI models.
Cervical Sagittal Alignment and Related Factor Analysis and Prediction Model in Patients Undergoing Revision Surgery After Anterior Cervical Fusion
Authors: Romani Manini Daudi , Zhang Hong-Qi , Gao Qi-Le , Liu Shao-Hua , Deng Ang
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Patients with myelopathy or radiculopathy commonly undergo anterior cervical fusion surgery (ACFS), which has a notable failure rate on occasion. The goal of this study was to compare revision and nonrevision surgery patients in cervical sagittal alignment (CSA) subsequent to ACFS; additionally, to identify the best CSA parameters for predicting clinical outcome after ACFS; and furthermore, to create an equation model to assist surgeons in making decisions on patients undergoing ACFS.

Methods:

The data of 99 patients with symptomatic cervical myelopathy/radiculopathy who underwent ACFS were analyzed. Patients were divided into group A (underwent revision surgery after the first surgery failed) and group B (underwent only the first surgery). We measured and analyzed both preoperative and postoperative CSA parameters, including C2 slope, T1 slope, cervical lordosis C2-C7 (CL), C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2C7 SVA), occiput-C2 lordosis angle (C0-C2), and chin brow vertical angle, and we further computed the correlation between the CSA parameters and created a prediction model.

Results:

The (T1S-CL)-C2S mismatch differed significantly between groups A and B ([9.95 ± 9.95]0, [3.79 ± 6.58]0, P < 0.05, respectively). A significant correlation was observed between C2 slope and T1CL in group B relative to group A postoperatively (R2 = 0.42 versus R2 = 0.09, respectively). Compared with group B, patients in group A had significantly higher C2C7SVA values, more levels of fusion, and more smokers. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and discrimination of the model were, respectively, 73.5%, 84%, 78.8%, and 85.65%.

Conclusion:

The causes of revision surgery in cervical myelopathic patients after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion/anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion are multifactorial. (T1S-CL)-C2S mismatch and high C2C7SVA are the best cervical sagittal parameters that increase the odds of revision surgery, and the effect is more enhanced when comorbidities such as smoking, low bone-mineral density, and increased levels of fusion are taken into account.
Association of Pharmacologic Treatment of Depression/Anxiety With Initial Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Farid Alexander R. , Liimakka Adriana P. , Parker Emily B. , Smith Jeremy T. , Melnic Christopher M. , Chen Antonia F. , Lange Jeffrey K.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities that may exacerbate osteoarthritis (OA)-related pain. We aim to evaluate the effect of pharmacologic treatment of depression/anxiety on hip and knee patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods:

A multi-institutional PROMs database was queried for patients with depression or anxiety and hip or knee OA who completed a PROMs questionnaire at an initial orthopaedic visit between January 2015 and March 2023. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and duration of pharmacologic treatment of depression/anxiety were obtained. Patients were stratified into three cohorts based on treatment duration. PROMs were compared across cohorts.

Results:

Two thousand nine hundred sixty patients who completed PROMs at their initial orthopaedic visit had both OA and depression/anxiety. One hundred thirty-four (4.5%) received pharmacologic treatment of depression/anxiety for < 1 year, versus 196 (6.6%) for more than 1 year. In unadjusted analyses, patients with pharmacologic treatment had significantly lower Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Physical (39.8 [IQR 34.9, 44.9] vs 42.3 [37.4, 47.7], P < 0.001) and PROMIS-Mental (43.5 [36.3, 50.8] vs 48.3 [41.1, 53.3], P < 0.001) scores than those without treatment. After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, only differences in PROMIS-Mental scores remained statistically significant, with pharmacologic treatment associated with lower scores (β = −2.26, 95% CI, [−3.29, −1.24], P < 0.001). On secondary analysis including duration of pharmacologic treatment, < 1 year of treatment was associated with significantly lower PROMIS-Mental scores than those not treated (β = −4.20, 95% CI [−5.77, −2.62], P < 0.001) while scores of patients with more than 1 year of treatment did not differ significantly from those without treatment.

Conclusion

:Our results indicate that pharmacologic treatment of depression/anxiety is associated with improved psychological health but not with improved physical symptoms related to OA. We observed a nonsignificant trend that patients with depression/anxiety who warrant pharmacologic treatment tend to have worse physical symptoms than those who do not; however, unadjusted analyses suggest this is a complex relationship beyond the isolated effect of pharmacologic treatment.
Toxicity Evaluation and Tissue Damaging Effects of Lead in Labeo Rohita
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ahsan , Hashmi Syeda Alveena , Hasan Ali , Ahmad Husna
Published: April 2024

Heavy metal contamination of aquatic ecosystems due to industrialization and anthropogenic activities has become a serious global issue. Toxic effects of these heavy metals are posing a major threat to the aquatic organisms especially fish. Fishes exposed to lead (Pb), exhibit a wide-range of effects including muscular and neurological degeneration and destruction, growth inhibition, mortality, reproductive problems, and paralysis. Many fish species are used as food source by man. Bio magnification of these metals makes them hazardous for humans. Objective: To evaluate the acute toxicity (96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations) of Pb in Labeo rohita and the effect of various sub-lethal doses of Pb on different organs (Gills, Liver, and Muscles) of fish. Methods: Live fish samples (150) were shifted from hatchery to laboratory. To measure metal (Pb), accumulation in fish body inductively coupled Plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was performed. Results: Acute toxicity (96-hr LC50) of Pb was observed as 52.20 mg/l, while Pb accumulation was noted more in gills as compared to liver and muscles. Conclusions: This study will provide baseline information for the control of aquatic pollution and conservation of aquatic organisms
Biochemical Dynamics and Quality Attributes of Strawberry Fruits across Maturity Stages with Respect to Different Preservation Methods
Authors: Ahmed Mian Muhammad , Asim Muhammad , Kaleri Asif Ali , Manzoor Danish , Rajput Aatif Ali , Laghari Rabia , Khaki Sajjad Ali , Musawwir Abdul , Ullah Zia , Ahmad Waqar
Published: April 2024

Strawberry is nutritious but perishable, and it is susceptible to quality flaws and infections after harvest. Objective: To examine strawberry biochemical changes with harvest maturity and preservation methods. Methods: The experiment was factorial with a completely randomized design (CRD). Strawberry cv. Chandler fruit was harvested at three color-based maturation phases (M1: 0% red, M2: 50% red, and M3: 100% red), frozen, and freeze-dried and analyzed for quality. Total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C, total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity, SOD, POD, CAT, and organoleptic characteristics were assessed for quality. Results: Due to harvest maturity, completely ripe strawberries displayed higher biochemical properties such as total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and TSS/TA than 50% and 0% of red strawberries. 100% red strawberries also had greater TPC and POD. Compared to strawberries picked during the green stage (0% red color), strawberries harvested at 100% and 50% red color had better aroma, color, and flavor. TSS, TSS/TA, Vitamin C, antioxidants, total phenolic content, and peroxidase were better in freeze-dried strawberries than frozen strawberries. Conclusions: The superior fruit aroma and color rating made frozen strawberries more popular than freeze-dried ones. The preserved fruit retained these qualities better for 7 months in dried storage. This study found that strawberry fruit should be harvested at 100% red and freeze-dried for commercial use.
Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s
Authors: Ernst Ekkehard , Langot François , Merola Rossana , Gonzales Pulgarin Jhon Jair ,   International Labour Organization,
Published: April 2024

Concerns about widening inequality have increased attention on the topic of equality of opportunities and intergenerational mobility. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youthto analyse how educational and income mobility has evolved in the United States of America.We show that since the 1980s the probability of moving from the bottom to the top of the education and income distribution (upward mobility) has increased. On the other hand, for children whose parents graduated from college, downward educational and income mobility hasdecreased. High parental income enables parents to insure against intergenerational incomefalling, generating a correlation between parents’ and children’s income.We conclude that American society, by increasing the number of university places, has createdopportunities for students from low-income families to achieve higher educational attainments,which have pushed them out of the immobility trap. However, society has also developed an elite,which is wealthy and well educated. For those born to this elite, their family’s status has a strongimpact on their welfare and that of future generations.
World tourism cities—A systematic approach to urban tourism
Authors: Toivonen Annette
Published: April 2024

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