bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesozooplankton structure and functioning during the onset of the Kerguelen phytoplankton bloom during the Keops2 survey
Authors: Carlotti F. , Jouandet M.-P. , Nowaczyk A. , Harmelin-Vivien M. , Lefèvre D. , Guillou G. , Zhu Y. , Zhou M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. This study presents results on the zooplankton response to the early phase of the northeastern Kerguelen bloom during the KEOPS2 survey (15 October–20 November 2011). The campaign combined a large coverage of the eastern part of the shelf and the adjacent oceanic regions with 2 quasi-perpendicular transects oriented south to north (between 49°08' and 46°50' S) and west to east (between 69°50' and 74°60' E) aiming to document the spatial extension of the bloom and its coastal-off shore gradient, and a pseudo-lagrangian survey located in a complex recirculation zone in a stationary meander of the Polar front nearly centered at the crossing of the 2 initial transects. In addition, 8 stations were performed for 24 h observations, distributed in key areas and some of them common with the KEOPS1 cruise (January–February 2005). The mesozooplankton biomass stocks observed at the beginning of the KEOPS2 cruise were around 2 g C m−2 both above the plateau and in oceanic waters. Zooplankton biomasses in oceanic waters were maintained in average below 2 g C m−2 over the study period, except for one station in the Polar Front Zone (FL), whereas zooplankton biomasses were around 4 g C m−2 on the plateau at the end of the cruise. Taxonomic composition and stable isotope ratios of size-fractionated zooplankton indicated the strong domination of herbivores. The most remarkable feature during the sampling period was the stronger increase in the integrated 0–250 m abundances in the oceanic waters (25 × 103 to 160 × 103 ind m−2) than on the plateau (25 × 103 to 90 × 103 ind m−2). The size structure and taxonomic distributions revealed a cumulative contribution of various larval stages of dominant copepods and euphausiids particularly in the oceanic waters, with clearly identifiable stages of progress during the Lagrangian survey. These different results during KEOPS2 suggested that the zooplankton community was able to respond to the growing phytoplankton blooms earlier on the plateau than in the oceanic waters. The reproduction and early stage development of dominant species were sustained by mesoscale-related initial ephemeral blooms in oceanic waters but individual growth was still food-limited and zooplankton biomass stagnated. On the contrary, zooplankton abundances and biomasses on the shelf were both in a growing phase, with slightly different rates, due to sub-optimal conditions of growth and reproduction conditions. Combined with the KEOPS1, the present results deliver a consistent understanding of the spring changes in zooplankton abundance and biomass in the Kerguelen area.
The role of photo- and thermal degradation for CO2 and CO fluxes in an arid ecosystem
Authors: van Asperen H. , Warneke T. , Sabbatini S. , Nicolini G. , Papale D. , Notholt J.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Recent studies have suggested the potential importance of abiotic degradation in arid ecosystems. In this study, the role of photo- and thermal degradation in ecosystem CO2 and CO exchange is assessed. A field experiment was performed in Italy using a FTIR-spectrometer coupled to a flux gradient system and to flux chambers. In a laboratory experiment, field samples were exposed to different temperatures and radiation intensities. No photodegradation-induced CO2 and CO fluxes were found in the field and in the laboratory study. In the laboratory, thermal degradation fluxes for CO2 and CO have been observed. In the field, CO uptake and emission have been observed and are proposed to be a result of biological uptake and abiotic thermal degradation-production. We suggest that previous studies, studying direct photodegradation, have overestimated the role of photodegradation and observed fluxes might be due to thermal degradation, which is an indirect effect of radiation. The potential importance of abiotic decompostion in the form of thermal degradation, especially for arid regions, should be considered in future studies.
Changes in soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus due to land-use changes in Brazil
Authors: Groppo J. D. , Lins S. R. M. , Camargo P. B. , Assad E. D. , Pinto H. S. , Martins S. C. , Salgado P. R. , Evangelista B. , Vasconcellos E. , Sano E. E. , Pavão E. , Luna R. , Martinelli L. A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. In this paper soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and related elemental ratios, as well as and nitrogen and phosphorus stocks were investigated in 17 paired sites and in a regional survey encompassing more than 100 pasture soils in the Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and Pampa, the three important biomes of Brazil. In the paired sites, elemental soil concentrations and stocks were determined in native vegetation, pastures and crop-livestock systems (CPS). Overall, there were significant differences in soil element concentrations and ratios between different land uses, especially in the surface soil layers. Carbon and nitrogen contents were lower, while phosphorus contents were higher in the pasture and CPS soils than in forest soils. Additionally, soil stoichiometry has changed with changes in land use. The soil C : N ratio was lower in the forest than in the pasture and CPS soils; and the carbon and nitrogen to available phosphorus ratio (PME) decreased from the forest to the pasture to the CPS soils. The average native vegetation soil nitrogen stocks at 0–10, 0–30 and 0–60 cm soil depth layers were equal to approximately 2.3, 5.2, 7.3 Mg ha−1, respectively. In the paired sites, nitrogen loss in the CPS systems and pasture soils were similar and equal to 0.6, 1.3 and 1.5 Mg ha−1 at 0–10, 0–30 and 0–60 cm soil depths, respectively. In the regional pasture soil survey, nitrogen soil stocks at 0–10 and 0–30 soil layers were equal to 1.6 and 3.9 Mg ha−1, respectively, and lower than the stocks found in the native vegetation of paired sites. On the other hand, the soil phosphorus stocks were higher in the CPS and pasture of the paired sites than in the soil of the original vegetation. The original vegetation soil phosphorus stocks were equal to 11, 22, and 43 kg ha−1 in the three soil depths, respectively. The soil phosphorus stocks increased in the CPS systems to 30, 50, and 63 kg ha−1, respectively, and in the pasture pair sites to 22, 47, and 68 kg ha−1, respectively. In the regional pasture survey, the soil phosphorus stocks were lower than in the native vegetation, and equal to 9 and 15 kg ha−1 at 0–10 and 0–30 depth layer. The findings of this paper illustrate that land-use changes that are currently common in Brazil alter soil concentrations, stocks and elemental ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. These changes could have an impact on the subsequent vegetation, decreasing soil carbon, increasing nitrogen limitation, but alleviating soil phosphorus deficiency.
Capturing optically important constituents and properties in a marine biogeochemical and ecosystem model
Authors: Dutkiewicz S. , Hickman A. E. , Jahn O. , Gregg W. W. , Mouw C. B. , Follows M. J.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. We present a numerical model of the ocean that couples a three-stream radiative transfer component with a marine biogeochemical-ecosystem in a dynamic three-dimensional physical framework. The radiative transfer component resolves spectral irradiance as it is absorbed and scattered within the water column. We explicitly include the effect of several optically important water constituents (the phytoplankton community, detrital particles, and coloured dissolved organic matter, CDOM). The model is evaluated against in situ observed and satellite derived products. In particular we compare to concurrently measured biogeochemical, ecosystem and optical data along a north–south transect of the Atlantic Ocean. The simulation captures the patterns and magnitudes of these data, and estimates surface upwelling irradiance analogous to that observed by ocean colour satellite instruments. We conduct a series of sensitivity experiments to demonstrate, globally, the relative importance of each of the water constituents, and the crucial feedbacks between the light field and the relative fitness of phytoplankton types, and the biogeochemistry of the ocean. CDOM has proportionally more importance at short wavelengths and in more productive waters, phytoplankton absorption is especially important at the deep chlorophyll a (Chl a) maximum, and absorption by water molecules is relatively most important in the highly oligotrophic gyres. Sensitivity experiments in which absorption by any of the optical constituents was increased led to a decrease in the size of the oligotrophic regions of the subtropical gyres: lateral nutrient supplies were enhanced as a result of decreasing high latitude productivity. Scattering does not as strongly affect the ecosystem and biogeochemistry fields within the water column but is important for setting the surface upwelling irradiance, and hence sea surface reflectance. Having a model capable of capturing bio-optical feedbacks will be important for improving our understanding of the role of light and optical constituents on ocean biogeochemistry, especially in a changing environment. The potential benefits of capturing surface upwelling irradiance will be important for making closer connections to satellite derived products in the future.
Evaluation of the high resolution WRF-Chem air quality forecast and its comparison with statistical ozone predictions
Authors: Žabkar R. , Honzak L. , Skok G. , Forkel R. , Rakovec J. , Ceglar A. , Žagar N.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. An integrated high resolution modelling system based on the regional on-line coupled meteorology-atmospheric chemistry WRF-Chem model has been applied for numerical weather prediction and for air quality forecast in Slovenia. In the study an evaluation of the air quality forecasting system has been performed for summer 2013. In the case of ozone (O3) daily maxima the first day and second day model predictions have been also compared to the operational statistical O3 forecast and to persistence. Results of discrete and categorical evaluations show that the WRF-Chem based forecasting system is able to produce reliable forecasts, which depending on monitoring site and the evaluation measure applied can outperform the statistical model. For example, correlation coefficient shows the highest skill for WRF-Chem model O3 predictions, confirming the significance of the non-linear processes taken into account in an on-line coupled Eulerian model. For some stations and areas biases were relatively high due to highly complex terrain and unresolved local meteorological and emission dynamics, which contributed to somewhat lower WRF-Chem skill obtained in categorical model evaluations. Applying a bias-correction could further improve WRF-Chem model forecasting skill in these cases.
Analysis of the impact of inhomogeneous emissions in a semi-parameterized street canyon model
Authors: Ottosen T.-B. , Kakosimos K. E. , Johansson C. , Hertel O. , Brandt J. , Skov H. , Berkowicz R. , Ellermann T. , Jensen S. S. , Ketzel M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Semi-parameterized street canyon models, as e.g. the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM®), have been frequently applied for the last two decades to analyse levels and consequences of air pollution in streets. These models are popular due to their speed and low input requirements. One often used simplification is the assumption that emissions are homogeneously distributed in the entire length and width of the street canyon. It is thus the aim of the present study to analyse the impact of this assumption by implementing an inhomogeneous emission geometry scheme in OSPM. The homogeneous and the inhomogeneous emission geometry schemes are validated against two real-world cases: Hornsgatan, Stockholm, a sloping street canyon; and Jagtvej, Copenhagen; where the morning rush hour has more traffic on one lane compared to the other. The two cases are supplemented with a theoretical calculation of the impact of street aspect (height / width) ratio and emission inhomogeneity on the concentrations resulting from inhomogeneous emissions. The results show an improved performance for the inhomogeneous emission geometry over the homogeneous emission geometry. Moreover, it is shown that the impact of inhomogeneous emissions is largest for near-parallel wind directions and for high aspect ratio canyons. The results from the real-world cases are however confounded by challenges estimating the emissions accurately.
How does bias correction of regional climate model precipitation affect modelled runoff?
Authors: Teng J. , Potter N. J. , Chiew F. H. S. , Zhang L. , Wang B. , Vaze J. , Evans J. P.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Many studies bias correct daily precipitation from climate models to match the observed precipitation statistics, and the bias corrected data are then used for various modelling applications. This paper presents a review of recent methods used to bias correct precipitation from regional climate models (RCMs). The paper then assesses four bias correction methods applied to the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model simulated precipitation, and the follow-on impact on modelled runoff for eight catchments in southeast Australia. Overall, the best results are produced by either quantile mapping or a newly proposed two-state gamma distribution mapping method. However, the differences between the methods are small in the modelling experiments here (and as reported in the literature), mainly due to the substantial corrections required and inconsistent errors over time (non-stationarity). The errors in bias corrected precipitation are typically amplified in modelled runoff. The tested methods cannot overcome limitations of the RCM in simulating precipitation sequence, which affects runoff generation. Results further show that whereas bias correction does not seem to alter change signals in precipitation means, it can introduce additional uncertainty to change signals in high precipitation amounts and, consequently, in runoff. Future climate change impact studies need to take this into account when deciding whether to use raw or bias corrected RCM results. Nevertheless, RCMs will continue to improve and will become increasingly useful for hydrological applications as the bias in RCM simulations reduces.
Historical changes in frequency and seasonality of extreme floods in Prague
Authors: Elleder L.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. This study presents a flood frequency analysis for the Vltava River catchment using a major profile in Prague. The estimates of peak discharges for the pre-instrumental period of 1118–1824 based on documentary sources were carried out using different approaches. 187 flood peak discharges derived for the pre-instrumental period augmented 150 records for the instrumental period of 1825–2013. Flood selection was based on Q10 criteria. Six flood-rich periods in total were identified for 1118–2013. Results of this study correspond with similar studies published earlier for some Central European catchments, except for the period around 1750. Presented results indicate that the territory of the present Czech Republic might have experienced in the past, extreme floods comparable, with regard to peak discharge (POTQ10) and frequency, to the flood events recorded recently.
Estimation of successive coseismic vertical offsets using coeval sedimentary events – application to the southwestern limit of the Sea of Marmara's Central Basin (North Anatolian Fault)
Authors: Beck C. , Campos C. , Eriş K. K. , Çağatay N. , Mercier de Lepinay B. , Jouanne F.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. In the deep part of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey), the sedimentation developing upon the North Anatolian Fault is strongly influenced by the associated seismic activity, through gravity reworking (fluidized landslides) and tsunamis. Specific layers (homogenites + turbidites, HmTu), representing individual sedimentary events, have been characterized along three giant piston cores retrieved from the Çinarcik and Central (or Orta) basins. Pre-Holocene, nonmarine sediments, were analyzed, representing the last 12–17 kyr BP (before present). For a 2 kyr long interval, 11 events could be precisely correlated on both sides of the Central Basin's southwestern scarp. For each of them, based on the specific depositional process, the thickness difference between the two sites was considered as a direct estimation of the vertical component of a coeval coseismic offset. The homogenite (upper) component accounts for the major part of the thickness difference (ranging from 36 to 144 cm). These offsets were considered as likely representing dominantly vertical throws, along the transtensional southwestern boundary of the inner, pull-apart Central Basin. In terms of natural hazards, further investigations on this local behavior should rather be directed to tsunami genesis.
Revealing the deeper structure of the end-glacial Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden by seismic reflection profiling
Authors: Ahmadi O. , Juhlin C. , Ask M. , Lund B.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Fault scarps that extend up to 155 km and have offsets of tens of meters at the surface are present in the northern parts of Finland, Norway and Sweden. These fault scarps are inferred to have formed during earthquakes with magnitudes up to 8 at the time of the last deglaciation. The Pärvie fault system represents the largest earthquake so far documented in northern Scandinavia, both in terms of its length and its calculated magnitude. It is also the longest known glacially induced fault in the world. Present-day microearthquakes occur along the length of the fault scarp on the eastern side of the scarp, in general agreement with an east dipping main fault. In the central section of the fault, where there is a number of subsidiary faults east of the main fault, it has been unclear how the earthquakes relate to the faults mapped at the surface. A seismic profile across the Pärvie Fault system acquired in 2007, with a mechanical hammer as a source, showed a good correlation between the surface mapped faults and moderate to steeply dipping reflectors. The most pronounced reflector could be mapped to about 3 km depth. In an attempt to map the fault system to deeper levels, a new 22 km long 2-D seismic profile which followed the 2007 line was acquired in June 2014. For deeper penetration an explosive source with a maximum charge size of 8.34 kg in 20 m deep shot holes was used. Reflectors can now be traced to deeper levels with the main 65° east dipping fault interpreted as a weakly reflective structure. As in the previous profile, there is a pronounced strongly reflective 60° west dipping structure present to the east of the main fault that can now be mapped to about 8 km depth. Extrapolations of the main and subsidiary faults converge at a depth of about 11.5 km where current earthquake activity is concentrated, suggesting their intersection has created favorable conditions for seismic stress release. Based on the present and previous seismic reflection data, potential locations for future boreholes for drilling into the fault system are proposed.
Linking soil erosion to onsite financial cost: lessons from watersheds in the Blue Nile basin
Authors: Erkossa T. , Wudneh A. , Desalegn B. , Taye G.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. The study was conducted in three watersheds (Dapo, Meja and Mizewa) in the Ethiopian part of the Blue Nile Basin to estimate the onsite cost of soil erosion using the productivity change approach, in which crop yield reduction due to plant nutrients lost with the sediment and runoff has been analyzed. For this purpose, runoff measurement and sampling was conducted during the main rainy season of 2011 at the outlet of two to three sub watersheds in each watershed. The sediment concentration of the runoff, and nitrogen and phosphorus content of the runoff and sediment were determined. Crop response functions were developed for the two plant nutrients based on data obtained from the nearest Agricultural Research Centers. The response functions were used to estimate crop yield reduction as a result of the lost N and P assuming there is no compensation through fertilization. The results show a significant yield reduction and resultant financial loss to the farmers. Considering only grain yield of maize (Zea mays), farmers at Dapo annually lose about 220 and USD 150 ha-1 due to the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. In view of the importance of the crop residues including as feed, the loss can be even greater. The study demonstrated that in addition to the long-term deterioration of land quality, the annual financial loss suffered by farmers is substantial. Therefore, on farm soil and water conservation measures that are suitable in biophysical and socio-economic terms in the landscapes and beyond need to be encouraged.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Antibiotic Adsorption (Vancomycin and Teicoplanin) by the Lixelle Extracorporeal Unit
Authors: Sartori Marco , Day Sonya , De Rosa Silvia , Ricatti Maria G. , Nalesso Federico , Zancato Mirella , Ronco Claudio
Published: February 2015

Purpose

The pharmacokinetic properties of vancomycin (VAN) and teicoplanin (TEC) may be affected by adsorption during hemofiltration as well as hemoperfusion therapies. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate VAN and TEC removal adsorption kinetics with mass balance analysis by direct hemoperfusion (DHP) with the Lixelle S-35 cartridge (Lixelle, Kaneka Corporation, Tokyo).

Methods

Mock DHP was performed for 120 min using VAN and TEC solutions (46.08 ± 0.81 and 74.79 ± 1.24 mg/l per N = 6). Clinical plasma antibiotic concentrations were circulated in a closed circuit simulating DHP using an adsorption column (Lixelle S-35) at flow rate of 250 ml/min. Samples were collected at 10, 60, and 120 min through both arterial and venous ports; drug levels were measured with particle enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay. All tests were performed in triplicate. Results: Results subsequent to DHP at the primary assessment interval for VAN mass was 49.06 ± 1.47 mg, indicating a significant reduction of the starting mass (94.74 ± 1.63 mg). The observed reduction of TEC levels greatly exceeded that of VAN at the first interval (10 min). At 120 min of DHP, the estimated mass adsorption of VAN was 45.68 ± 2.26 mg, while the mesured total TEC mass adsorbed was 126.86 ± 0.91 mg.

Conclusions

A VAN adsorption plateau indicating the VAN loading dose may be required in patients receiving DHP with the Lixelle S-35. The total TEC mass was adsorbed subsequent to 60 min of circulation, so the loading dose should be closely considered. In addition, the Lixelle S-35 may represent an option as a rescue therapy in accidental overdose of TEC.
Knowledge and promotion of teacher leadership: An Abu Dhabi exploration
Authors: Al Suwaidi Fatima , Schoepp Kevin
Published: February 2015

This research is an exploratory, quantitative examination of the knowledge, understanding and promotion of teacher leadership in a public school in the city of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Within Abu Dhabi education has become a top priority as it attempts, through a massive reform project, to develop a modern, innovative, world-class system which puts students first. Teacher leadership is thought to be one way in which a reform project can be supported and student learning can be improved. The participants in this study were drawn from an Abu Dhabi all-female primary school with both expatriate and Emirati teachers. Though some dissimilarities between the Emirati and expatriate teachers emerged, overall findings indicated that teacher leadership as it pertains to improving classroom practices through professional development was the focus and preference of teachers. However, they felt that teacher leadership was most commonly represented through teachers performing additional administrative duties. Therefore, professional development opportunities and structures must be developed to allow faculty, both Emirati and expatriate, to emerge as teacher leaders and positively impact school reform and student learning.
Influence of Functional Sweet White Lupin Biscuits on Lipid Profile and Food Efficiency of Induced Hyperlipidemia Rats
Authors: Ahmed Mousa Rasha Mousa
Published: February 2015

In recent years, functional foods have attracted much interest to prevent nutrition-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and weight gain. In this regard, this study was designed to examine the effect of use sweet white lupin (SWL) oil and flour with/without germination as a source of active healthy components to prepare functional biscuits for lowering blood lipids and growth. Functional biscuits were formulated by replacing wheat flour and butter in biscuit formulae by SWL extracted flour and SWL oil in the range of 20-30% (w/w) and 30-40% (v/w), respectively. Results indicated that the feed of hyperlipidemic rats on diets supplemented with different functional SWL biscuits for 6 weeks significantly (P < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, ratio of total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins cholesterol, ratio of low density lipoproteins/high density lipoproteins cholesterol and atherogenic index. Furthermore, the feed of functional SWL biscuits significantly reduced the body weight gain of rats and their food efficiency compared to that of rats fed on hyperlipidemic diet. On the other hand, there was an increase in the value of high density lipoproteins cholesterol and its ratio with total cholesterol. All these findings supported that the addition of 25% germinated SWL flour and 35% or 40% germinated SWL oil in biscuits gave interested results compared to the common wheat biscuits. Therefore, the proposed functional SWL biscuits could be able to regulate the blood cholesterol and the body growth levels of individuals and patients.
Soccer Championship: How Many Games?
Authors: Hallman-Thrasher Allyson
Published: February 2015

Algebra 1 students compare multiple representations and justify the development of recursive and explicit formulas.
The Sports Bag
Authors: Cady Jo Ann , Bair Sherry L.
Published: February 2015

To elicit creative student thinking, this open-ended problem asks solvers to analyze area and perimeter.
Going with the Flow: Challenging Students to Make Assumptions
Authors: Felton Mathew D. , Anhalt Cynthia O. , Cortez Ricardo
Published: February 2015

Future middle school teachers tested the waters of modeling in the classroom with a bath versus shower water conservation problem.
Amazing Rainforests
Authors: Englard Lisa
Published: February 2015

Exploring the rainforests of the world provides an opportunity to discover an amazing feature of our number system, place value. A revolutionary development in number systems, place value allows us to express and compute very large and very small numbers efficiently. The problems presented this month offer an opportunity for students to think about base-ten units, flexible bundling and unbundling, and the positional notation that forms the foundation of our base-ten decimal number system.
An Atypical Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line With a Complex, Stable, and Balanced Genomic Rearrangement Including a Large De Novo 1q Uniparental Disomy
Authors: Steichen Clara , Maluenda Jérôme , Tosca Lucie , Luce Eléanor , Pineau Dominique , Dianat Noushin , Hannoun Zara , Tachdjian Gérard , Melki Judith , Dubart-Kupperschmitt Anne
Published: February 2015

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great promise for cell therapy through their use as vital tools for regenerative and personalized medicine. However, the genomic integrity of hiPSCs still raises some concern and is one of the barriers limiting their use in clinical applications. Numerous articles have reported the occurrence of aneuploidies, copy number variations, or single point mutations in hiPSCs, and nonintegrative reprogramming strategies have been developed to minimize the impact of the reprogramming process on the hiPSC genome. Here, we report the characterization of an hiPSC line generated by daily transfections of modified messenger RNAs, displaying several genomic abnormalities. Karyotype analysis showed a complex genomic rearrangement, which remained stable during long-term culture. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses were performed on the hiPSC line showing that this karyotype is balanced. Interestingly, single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed the presence of a large 1q region of uniparental disomy (UPD), demonstrating for the first time that UPD can occur in a noncompensatory context during nonintegrative reprogramming of normal fibroblasts.
Les actions de l’enseignant de classe ordinaire et l’intégration sociale de l’élève présentant une déficience intellectuelle
Authors: Ricard Véronique , Dion Eric , Doré Robert , Fortier Marie-Pierre , Dupéré Véronique , Cantin Stéphane
Published: February 2015

Le placement en classe ordinaire vise notamment à permettre aux élèves présentant une déficience intellectuelle de socialiser avec leurs pairs présentant un développement typique. Dans les faits, la qualité de l’intégration sociale est cependant variable. Nous posons l’hypothèse que l’intégration sociale est meilleure lorsque l’enseignant tient un discours favorable à la présence en classe de l’élève présentant une déficience intellectuelle, interagit de manière positive avec ce dernier et crée des opportunités d’interaction entre l’élève et ses pairs. Les actions de l’enseignant ont été évaluées à l’aide d’une entrevue tandis que le degré d’intégration sociale de l’élève a été mesuré par le biais d’un questionnaire sociométrique rempli par le groupe. Tel qu’attendu, les élèves étaient mieux intégrés lorsque leur enseignant soutenait l’intégration par des actions concrètes. La discussion traite de l’influence de l’enseignant sur les relations des élèves à risque de difficultés d’intégration.
Élèves en troubles du comportement et climat de classe : comparaison entre deux environnements éducatifs
Authors: Desbiens Nadia , Levasseur Caroline , Roy Normand
Published: February 2015

Cette étude compare l’évolution au cours d’une année scolaire de la perception du climat de classe selon 212 élèves québécois du troisième cycle du primaire (5eannée) fréquentant, soit des classes spéciales pour élèves avec troubles du comportement, soit des classes ordinaires. L’étude s’intéresse plus spécifiquement au climat relationnel et au climat éducatif, ainsi qu’aux pratiques éducatives et à la prévalence de comportements inadaptés. Les résultats montrent que les élèves du primaire perçoivent un meilleur climat en classe ordinaire, et ce, malgré la dégradation en cours d’année de plusieurs des dimensions étudiées, notamment sur le plan de la relation avec l’enseignante et de leur compréhension des règles de vie en classe, alors que les élèves fréquentant les classes spéciales perçoivent plutôt une amélioration pour ces mêmes dimensions. Les résultats de l’étude sont discutés dans la perspective de l’évolution des besoins des préadolescents et l’encadrement des élèves présentant des troubles du comportement.
Perception des effets de l’intervention comportementale intensive chez des enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme
Authors: Abouzeid Nadia , Poirier Nathalie
Published: February 2015

L’objectif général de cette étude est de décrire la perception de 15 mères d’enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) quant aux influences de l’intervention comportementale intensive (ICI). Plus spécifiquement, ce sont les effets perçus de l’ICI sur leur enfant et leur famille qui sont relevés. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées et des fiches signalétiques ont été remplies afin de recueillir des données concernant les effets de l’ICI tels que perçus par les mères. Les résultats démontrent des bénéfices importants sur le développement des enfants et des effets positifs sur l’expérience des familles selon les participantes. L’intervention est perçue positivement par l’ensemble des mères. Celles-ci soulèvent quelques inconvénients et apportent des suggestions pour l’amélioration de l’ICI.
Niveles de plomo en los individuos de la necrópolis tardorromana de la c/ Virgen de la Misericordia (Valencia)
Authors: Gallello Gianni , Larini Alessia , Bartoli Fulvio , Mallegni Francesco , Díaz Pastor Agustín , Diez Castillo Agustín
Published: February 2015

El objetivo general de este estudio ha sido determinar los contenidos de plomo (Pb) en restos de huesos y suelos de la necrópolis de la c/ Virgen de la Misericordia (Valencia) para reconstruir el proceso de transición del elemento (desde el sedimento hacia los huesos y viceversa) debido a la acción de los procesos diagenéticos.
Un taller de falsarios en la Cueva de la Torre del Mal Paso (Castellnovo, Castellón)
Authors: Machause Sonia , Gozalbes Fernández de Palencia Manuel
Published: February 2015

Restos de un taller de falsarios de época moderna.
Rapid diversification associated with a macroevolutionary pulse of developmental plasticity
Authors: Susoy Vladislav , Ragsdale Erik J , Kanzaki Natsumi , Sommer Ralf J
Published: February 2015

Developmental plasticity has been proposed to facilitate phenotypic diversification in plants and animals, but the macroevolutionary potential of plastic traits remains to be objectively tested. We studied the evolution of feeding structures in a group of 90 nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans, some species of which have evolved a mouthpart polyphenism, moveable teeth, and predatory feeding. Comparative analyses of shape and form, using geometric morphometrics, and of structural complexity revealed a rapid process of diversification associated with developmental plasticity. First, dimorphism was associated with a sharp increase in complexity and elevated evolutionary rates, represented by a radiation of feeding-forms with structural novelties. Second, the subsequent assimilation of a single phenotype coincided with a decrease in mouthpart complexity but an even stronger increase in evolutionary rates. Our results suggest that a macroevolutionary ‘pulse’ of plasticity promotes novelties and, even after the secondary fixation of phenotypes, permits sustained rapid exploration of morphospace.
Highly reactive light‐dependent monoterpenes in the Amazon
Authors: Jardine A. B. , Jardine K. J. , Fuentes J. D. , Martin S. T. , Martins G. , Durgante F. , Carneiro V. , Higuchi N. , Manzi A. O. , Chambers J. Q.
Published: February 2015

Despite orders of magnitude difference in atmospheric reactivity and great diversity in biological functioning, little is known about monoterpene speciation in tropical forests. Here we report vertically resolved ambient air mixing ratios for 12 monoterpenes in a central Amazon rainforest including observations of the highly reactive cis‐β‐ocimene (160 ppt), trans‐β‐ocimene (79 ppt), and terpinolene (32 ppt) which accounted for an estimated 21% of total monoterpene composition yet 55% of the upper canopy monoterpene ozonolysis rate. All 12 monoterpenes showed a mixing ratio peak in the upper canopy, with three demonstrating subcanopy peaks in 7 of 11 profiles. Leaf level emissions of highly reactive monoterpenes accounted for up to 1.9% of photosynthesis confirming light‐dependent emissions across several Amazon tree genera. These results suggest that highly reactive monoterpenes play important antioxidant roles during photosynthesis in plants and serve as near‐canopy sources of secondary organic aerosol precursors through atmospheric photooxidation via ozonolysis.
Prediction of Glossosoma biomass spatial distribution in Valley Creek by field measurements and a three‐dimensional turbulent open‐channel flow model
Authors: Morris M. , Mohammadi M. Haji , Day S. , Hondzo M. , Sotiropoulos F.
Published: February 2015

The fluid flow environment associated with high Glossosoma abundance is predicted by large‐eddy simulation of a natural turbulent open‐channel flow. The spatial distribution of Glossosoma was depicted by high resolution physical variables described by fluid flow and streambed topography. Variogram analysis of the streambed topography revealed a characteristic length scale of the streambed of the order 0.2 m over which bed roughness height was correlated. Flow simulation output was spatially and temporally averaged over the streambed characteristic length scale and linked to Glossosoma spatial density. A dimensionless scaling relationship between Glossosoma spatial distribution and streamwise velocity averaged in the longitudinal and transverse direction, spatial velocity fluctuation, and spanwise vorticity from the computational fluid dynamics simulation output explained 79% of the variation in observed dimensionless Glossosoma spatial density. The analysis demonstrated that computational fluid mechanics and high resolution bed topography could be instrumental in predicting benthic macroinvertebrate spatial distribution in streams and rivers.
Synthetic Surfaces with Robust and Tunable Underwater Superoleophobicity
Authors: Manna Uttam , Lynn David M.
Published: February 2015

Surfaces with extreme wetting properties are useful for the collection, manipulation, transport, and avoidance of aqueous and organic fluids of commercial and strategic importance. Two major obstacles to the deployment of synthetic non‐wetting materials in practical scenarios are their lack of mechanical durability and their susceptibility to fouling in contaminated or chemically complex media. Here, crosslinked and nanoporous polymer multilayers are reported that overcome these limitations and exhibit robust and tunable “underwater superoleophobicity”, or the ability to almost completely prevent contact with oils and other organic fluids when submerged in water. These entirely organic coatings mimic key chemical and structural features found on the scales of fish and other natural anti‐oil‐fouling surfaces, and are remarkably tolerant to physical, chemical, and environmental insults commonly encountered in natural and synthetic aqueous environments. This approach also permits facile manipulation and patterning of surface chemistry and, thus, tunable spatial control over other important aspects of interfacial behavior, such as underwater oil adhesiveness, that extend and expand the potential utility of synthetic anti‐oil‐fouling surfaces in aqueous, aquatic, and marine environments.
Development of a Cost‐Effective and Simple Protocol for Decellularization and Preservation of Human Amniotic Membrane as a Soft Tissue Replacement and Delivery System for Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Mozafari Masoud , Salehi Mohammad , Seifalian Amelia , Bandehpour Mojgan , Ghanbarian Hossein , Urbanska Aleksandra M. , Sameni Marzieh , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali , Seifalian Alexander M.
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study is to develop a simple andcost‐effective method for decellularization and preservation of human amniotic membrane (HAM) as a soft tissue replacement and a delivery system for stem cells. The HAM is decellularized (D) using new chemical and mechanical techniques. The decellularization scaffold is evaluated histologically and fully characterized. The cell adhesion and proliferation on the scaffold are also investigated and the biocompatibility of D tissues is evaluated in vivo. The histological studies reveal that the cells are successfully removed from the D tissue. The DNA extraction shows more than 95% cell removal (p = 0.001). The in vitro results indicate that the decellularisation process does not deteriorate the mechanical properties of the tissue, whereas it increases the in vitro biodegradation value (p < 0.05). In the D samples, there is no significant cytotoxicity, and no changes are found in the rate of cell proliferation (p > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining indicates that all the tested components remain unchanged within the D tissues. The count of inflammatory cells show that the decellularization process slightly increases the biocompatibility of the tissue after 7 days post‐surgery. The results indicate that scaffold proves to be reproducible, rapid, and cost‐effective, with a potential role for clinical application.
Arylmethyl Chlorides: New Bifunctional Reagents for Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Chlorination and Acylation of 2‐Arylpyridines
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Sun Suyan , Yang Fan , Zhang Qian , Kang Jianxun , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: February 2015

A chemoselective, palladium‐catalyzed, ligand‐directed ortho‐CH chlorination and acylation process has been developed, exhibiting high regioselectivity for 2‐arylpyridines bearing a meta‐substituent. Worthy of note is the fact that arylmethyl chlorides as new, readily available, and inexpensive reagents can selectively be utilized as chlorine or acyl sources.

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Cobalt‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Isocyanide Insertion with Two Amines: An Approach to Guanidines
Authors: Zhu Tong‐Hao , Wang Shun‐Yi , Wei Tian‐Qi , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: February 2015

A novel and efficient cobalt‐catalyzed oxidative isocyanide insertion with amines via two CN bond formation reactions under ultrasound irradiation conditions has been developed. This protocol provides a simple, clean and general way to synthesize guanidines or their corresponding hydrochlorides from simple starting materials under ultrasonic conditions. This chemistry could also be applied to an efficient synthesis of optically active guanidines without loss of enantioselectivity.

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[2,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Propargylic Sulfinates by a Pale Ag1‐USY Zeolite and Silver Salts
Authors: Hampton Carissa S. , Harmata Michael
Published: February 2015

The sigmatropic rearrangement of propargylic sulfinates to allenic sulfones is catalyzed by the silver cation. The Ag1‐USY zeolite, as well as non‐coordinating silver salts, lead to essentially quantitative yields of the corresponding allenic sulfones.

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Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Isatin‐ Derived N,S‐Acetals
Authors: Beceño Christian , Chauhan Pankaj , Rembiak Andreas , Wang Ai , Enders Dieter
Published: February 2015

The enantioselective organocatalytic nucleophilic addition of thiols to isatin‐derived ketimines has been developed utilizing only 1 mol% of an enantiopure BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid. The new protocol provides a series of isatin‐derived N,S‐acetals in high yields (up to 98%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 93% ee).

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Characteristics and outcome of therapy‐related myeloid neoplasms: Report from the Italian network on secondary leukemias
Authors: Fianchi Luana , Pagano Livio , Piciocchi Alfonso , Candoni Anna , Gaidano Gianluca , Breccia Massimo , Criscuolo Marianna , Specchia Giorgina , Maria Pogliani Enrico , Maurillo Luca , Aloe‐Spiriti Maria Antonietta , Mecucci Cristina , Niscola Pasquale , Rossetti Elena , Mansueto Giovanna , Rondoni Michela , Fozza Claudio , Invernizzi Rosangela , Spadea Antonio , Fenu Susanna , Buda Gabriele , Gobbi Marco , Fabiani Emiliano , Sica Simona , Hohaus Stefan , Leone Giuseppe , Voso Maria Teresa
Published: February 2015

Therapy‐related myeloid neoplasms (t‐MN) are a complication of cytotoxic treatment for primary tumors and autoimmune diseases. We report data on 277 t‐MN patients, recruited between 1999 and 2013 by the Italian Network on Secondary Leukemias (104 retrospectively and 173 prospectively registered). Median age at t‐MN diagnosis was 64 years (range, 21–87). Most frequent primary malignancies (PMs) were lymphoproliferative diseases and breast cancer. One hundred and thirty‐three patients had received chemotherapy (CHT), 43 patients radiotherapy (RT), and 101 patients combined CHT/RT for PM. Median time between cytotoxic treatment and t‐MN was 5.7 years, with t‐MN following RT alone associated with significantly longer latency, compared to CHT or combined CHT/RT (mean, 11.2 vs. 7.1 years, P = 0.0005). The addition of topoisomerase‐II inhibitors to alkylating agents was associated with shorter latency compared to alkylating agents alone (median, 6 vs. 8.4 years, P = 0.02). Median survival was 14.6 months from t‐MN diagnosis, and was significantly longer in patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Significant factors for survival at the multivariable analysis included age, adverse karyotype, and degree of anemia. Our data underline the prognostic importance of karyotype and age in t‐MN, similar to de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Treatment approaches should not preclude the use of conventional treatments for younger t‐MN patients, including allogeneic stem cell transplantation as potentially curative approach. Am. J. Hematol. 90:E80–E85, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Situ and Theoretical Studies for the Dissociation of Water on an Active Ni/CeO2 Catalyst: Importance of Strong Metal–Support Interactions for the Cleavage of O–H Bonds
Authors: Carrasco Javier , López‐Durán David , Liu Zongyuan , Duchoň Tomáš , Evans Jaime , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Crumlin Ethan J. , Matolín Vladimir , Rodríguez José A. , Ganduglia‐Pirovano M. Verónica
Published: February 2015

Water dissociation is crucial in many catalytic reactions on oxide‐supported transition‐metal catalysts. Supported by experimental and density‐functional theory results, the effect of the support on OH bond cleavage activity is elucidated for nickel/ceria systems. Ambient‐pressure O 1s photoemission spectra at low Ni loadings on CeO2(111) reveal a substantially larger amount of OH groups as compared to the bare support. Computed activation energy barriers for water dissociation show an enhanced reactivity of Ni adatoms on CeO2(111) compared with pyramidal Ni4 particles with one Ni atom not in contact with the support, and extended Ni(111) surfaces. At the origin of this support effect is the ability of ceria to stabilize oxidized Ni2+ species by accommodating electrons in localized f‐states. The fast dissociation of water on Ni/CeO2 has a dramatic effect on the activity and stability of this system as a catalyst for the water‐gas shift and ethanol steam reforming reactions.
Palladium–Cobalt Nanotube Arrays Supported on Carbon Fiber Cloth as High‐Performance Flexible Electrocatalysts for Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Wang An‐Liang , He Xu‐Jun , Lu Xue‐Feng , Xu Han , Tong Ye‐Xiang , Li Gao‐Ren
Published: February 2015

PdCo nanotube arrays (NTAs) supported on carbon fiber cloth (CFC) (PdCo NTAs/CFC) are presented as high‐performance flexible electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation. The fabricated flexible PdCo NTAs/CFC exhibits significantly improved electrocatalytic activity and durability compared with Pd NTAs/CFC and commercial Pd/C catalysts. Most importantly, the PdCo NTAs/CFC shows excellent flexibility and the high electrocatalytic performance remains almost constant under the different distorted states, such as normal, bending, and twisting states. This work shows the first example of Pd‐based alloy NTAs supported on CFC as high‐performance flexible electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation.
Design of Aromatic Helical Polymers for STM Visualization: Imaging of Single and Double Helices with a Pattern of π–π Stacking
Authors: Zhu Junyan , Dong Zeyuan , Lei Shengbin , Cao Lili , Yang Bing , Li Wenfang , Zhang Yuanchao , Liu Junqiu , Shen Jiacong
Published: February 2015

From scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of rationally designed helical polymers with a pattern of π–π stacking, we successfully identified the single‐ and double‐helical superstructures. The STM images of the helical structures revealed the smallest helical architecture (diameter ca. 1.3 nm) that has been seen so far. Furthermore, the interconversion of single and double helices was further underpinned by experimental analyses. Significantly, the formation of double helices induced different supramolecular chirality to that observed for the single helices.