bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravitational Deep Convoluted Stacked Kernel Extreme Learning Based Classification for Face Recognition
Authors: A Gowri , Samath J. Abdul
Published: October 2023

In recent times, researchers have designed several deep learning (DL) algorithms and specifically face recognition (FR) made an extensive crossover. Deep Face Recognition systems took advantage of the hierarchical framework of the DL algorithms to learn discriminative face characterization. However, when handling severe occlusions in a face, the execution of present-day methods reduces appreciably. Several prevailing works regard that, when face recognition is taken into consideration, affinity materializes to be a pivotal recognition feature. However, the rate of affinity changes when the face image for recognition is found to be illuminated, and occluded, with changes in the age of the subject. Motivated by these issues, in this work a novel method called Gravitational Deep Convoluted Stacked Kernel Extreme Learning-based (GDC-SKEL) classification for face recognition is proposed for human face recognition problems in frontal views with varying age, illumination, and occlusion. First, with the face images provided as input, Gravitational Center Loss-based Face Alignment model is proposed to minimize the intra-class difference, which can overcome the influence of occlusion in face images. Second, Deep Convoluted Tikhonov Regularization-based Facial Region Feature extraction is applied to the occlusion-removed face images. Here, by employing the Convoluted Tikhonov Regularization function, salient features are said to be extracted with an age-invariant representation. Finally, Stacked Kernel Extreme Learning-based Classification is designed. The extracted features are given to the Stacked Kernel Extreme Learning-based Classification and to identify testing samples Stacked Kernel is utilized. The performance of GDC-SKEL is evaluated on Cross-Age Celebrity Dataset. Experimental results are compared with other state-of-the-art classifiers in terms of face recognition accuracy, face recognition time, PSNR, and False Positive Rate which shows the effectiveness of the proposed GDC-SKEL classifier.
Improved Neural Network-Based System for Early and Accurate Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Spogmay Yousafzai  , Khan Gul Zaman , Ulhaq Sajad , Areebah  , Butt Muhammad Rabbi
Published: October 2023

Alzheimer's disorder is a neurological condition that develops over time and mainly impacts cognitive processes like memory, thought, and behavior. It is one of the most typical reasons for dementia, a syndrome marked by a loss of cognitive ability that interferes with individual daily activities. Recent techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer's illness frequently combine positron emission tomography (PET) scans with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can identify mutations in the brain caused by the illness, such as the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Furthermore, analysis of blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid is also a widely used method for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Machine learning and deep learning-based techniques play a vital role in examining complex structures in brain images and other data, contributing to the timely and precise identification of Alzheimer's disease. Artificial intelligence-based techniques can help prompt detection and treatment, leading to more efficient care for Alzheimer's disease. This study uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) with MRI-based datasets for early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. The proposed approach has shown excellent results in AD diagnosis.
Use of Low Melting Point Alloy Mcp-96 Filter on Gammagraphic Optimization of Patient Position Verification with Telecobalt 60 Machine
Authors: Supriyadi Dwi Sugeng , Choridah Lina , Masrochah Siti , Nawangsih CH. , Suwondo Ari
Published: October 2023

Verification of the patient's position is a stage in external radiotherapy that aims to ensure the accuracy of radiation therapy administration according to plan. Equipment for the patient position verification process that is often used is Electronic Portal Image Devices (EPID) and film portals. However, not all Telecobalt 60 machines are equipped with EPID, so it requires alternative equipment to verify patient positions. One modality that can be utilized is Computed Radiography (CR). The study was conducted to analyze the use of MCP-96 low melting point alloy filters in imaging, verifying patient positions with CR devices on telecobalt 60 machine can calibrate radiation doses and provide good image quality and anatomical information. The study used a posttest-only control group design by comparing radiation dose, image quality, and anatomical information of the patient's position verification image. Imaging was performed using a phantom pelvis as an object and using CR equipment and low melting point alloy MCP-96 as a filter. The results showed that low melting points alloy MCP-96 with a thickness of 1 cm, 2 cm and 4 cm can calibrate the radiation dose output of the telecobalt 60 machine in accordance with recommendations for kilovoltage imaging. There was no significant difference in SNR and CNR images from imaging verification of patient positions with filter thicknesses of 1 cm, 2 cm, and 4 cm. Filter thickness of 1 cm produces images with optimal image quality and anatomical information in gammagraphic imaging verification of patient position using CR on telecobalt 60 machine. Thus, the use of low melting point alloy MCP-96 thickness of 1 cm and CR devices can be used in gammagraphic imaging of patient position verification on a telecobalt 60 machine as an alternative if you do not have EPID.
Total Calcium and Adjusted Calcium: An Australasian Review of Current Evidence and Proposed Approaches
Authors:   AACB Calcium Reporting Working Party, Hughes D , Byrnes E , Schneider HG , Jones GRD , Coates P , Campbell CA , Nascimento NP , Daley GM , Saleem M , Choy KW
Published: October 2023

To assess a patient’s calcium status, it is preferable to measure the ionised (unbound) calcium, the fraction which exerts a biological effect. This is routinely done in the critical care setting using a blood gas analyser. However, higher costs and manual handling requirements with the need for prompt sample processing limit the availability of ionised calcium measurement. In practice, total calcium is usually the first-line requested test, with clinicians and laboratories then using linear formulae to ‘adjust’ (or ‘correct’) the total calcium result for albumin concentrations. There is, however, frequent disagreement between ‘adjusted’ calcium and measured ionised calcium. Many inherent problems have been reported for applying adjustment equations to total calcium across different patient groups and clinical settings. This may impact patient diagnosis and treatment. Important considerations in the development of adjustment equations are calcium and albumin methods used, data collection (inclusion and exclusion criteria), and reference population (hospitalised vs ambulant patients, adults vs children, and people with specific diseases). There is much scope to improve and harmonise routine reporting and assessment of a patient’s calcium status in Australasia. As patients and clinicians move between health services and pathology providers, it is in the patient’s best interest that we have a consistent approach to calcium reporting that is valid and understood by all.
A Japanese retrospective study of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in children, adolescents, and young adult patients with hematologic-oncologic diseases
Authors: Tsumura Yusuke , Muramatsu Hideki , Tetsuka Nobuyuki , Imaizumi Takahiro , Sato Kikue , Inoue Kento , Motomura Yoshitomo , Cho Yuko , Yamashita Daiki , Sajiki Daichi , Maemura Ryo , Yamamori Ayako , Imaya Masayuki , Wakamatsu Manabu , Narita Kotaro , Kataoka Shinsuke , Hamada Motoharu , Taniguchi Rieko , Nishikawa Eri , Narita Atsushi , Nishio Nobuhiro , Kojima Seiji , Hoshino Yoshihiko , Takahashi Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2023

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (NTM) is rare in healthy children, with lymphadenitis being the most common presentation. Immunocompromised populations are known to be at high risk, but the clinical picture of NTM infection in pediatric hematology/oncology patients is unclear. In this nationwide retrospective analysis of patients under the age of 40 treated in Japanese pediatric hematology/oncology departments who developed NTM infection between January 2010 and December 2020, 36 patients (21 patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and 15 nontransplant patients) were identified. Post-transplant patients were infected with NTM at 24 sites, including the lungs (n = 12), skin and soft tissues (n = 6), bloodstream (n = 4), and others (n = 2). Nine of twelve patients with pulmonary NTM infection had a history of pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGM) were isolated from five of them. In nontransplant patients, the primary diseases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 5), inborn errors of immunity (IEI; n = 6), and others (n = 4). All cases of ALL had bloodstream infections with RGM, whereas all cases of IEI were infected with slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM). In summary, three typical clinical scenarios for pediatric hematology/oncology patients have been established: RGM-induced pulmonary disease in patients with pulmonary GVHD, RGM bloodstream infection in patients with ALL, and SGM infection in patients with IEI. Our findings suggest that NTM must be regarded as a pathogen for infections in these high-risk patients, especially those with pulmonary GVHD, who may require active screening for NTM.
A 35-year-old male with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Tamina Hossain  , Dewan Afrin , Rahman Atikur , Das Nihar Ranjan , Uddin M M Nasir , Hoque Chowdhury Mir Mahfuzul , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul
Published: October 2023

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is one type of non- Hodgkin lymphoma that presents with a wide range of clinical features mainly due to secretion of the IgM paraprotein and infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells. Patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia may experience fatigue, unexplained weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, abdominal swelling, weakness, nose bleeding, blurring of vision etc. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is a disease of elderly individuals. The median age at diagnosis is 65 years, with a slight male predominance. We reported a case of a 35-yearold male who presented with fever, abdominal pain, loose motion and epistaxis. Examination revealed cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly. Investigation revealed diffuse lymphocyte infiltration on bone marrow study . Protein electrophoresis showed monoclonal gammopathy with high serum IgM level. On the basis of clinical features and investigation reports finally we diagnosed that, this was a rare case of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia in a young patient. The patient was transfused 5 units of whole blood and was treated following standard treatment protocol with dexamethasone, Bortezomib and G-CSF. Unfortunately, patient died 3 weeks after initiation of treatment.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41(4): 325-328
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A review on Bangladesh perspective
Authors: Shaikh Mushfiq Hassan , Iqbal Md Ashif , Sadat SM Anwar
Published: October 2023

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of chronic conditions affecting the oral mucosa with a risk of transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus, and oral erythroplakia are the most common OPMDs observed in South Asian population. However, oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus are commonly encountered OPMDs in clinical practice in Bangladesh, possibly, owing to specific lifestyle habits. Although the exact aetiology is unknown, use of smokeless tobacco, smoking, and chewing of betel quid containing areca nut, are considered as common risk factors for OPMDs. Early diagnosis is very important and can be lifesaving, as at a late stage, OPMDs are more likely to progress into severe dysplasia or even into squamous cell carcinoma. In fact, OPMDs have a significantly increased risk of progressing to cancer, mostly in South Asian population, including Bangladesh. This review provides an overview of the OPMDs in Bangladeshi population.  
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41(4): 305-314
Comparing the Efficacy of Pamidronate and Thalidomide for the Treatment of Refractory Axial Spondyloarthritis: An Open Label Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sultana Nadia , Mahbubul Alam A F M , Bandhan Iftekhar Hussain Bandhan , Hasaan Md Masudul , Rabbani Md Golam , Kabir Md Ekramul , Shahin Md Abu , Choudhury Minhaj Rahim , Atiqul Haq Syed , Zaman Mohammad Mostafa
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting sacroiliac joints, spine and peripheral joints. Pamidronate and thalidomide are proven to be effective in refractory axial SpA in some studies. This study aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of pamidronate and thalidomide in refractory axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).
Methods: This open label randomized clinical trial was conducted on refractory SpA patients at the department of rheumatology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Pamidronate 60mg intravenous monthly and thalidomide 200mg/day were given to pamidronate and thalidomide groups, respectively for 6 months. Both groups received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and therapeutic exercises. More than 20% improvements in Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS-20) at 6 months were considered as primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis meteorological index (BASMI), patient global assessment, physician global assessment, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, ASAS 40 etc.
Results: Significant improvement in ASAS 20 was observed in both pamidronate (76.9%) and thalidomide (85.2%) groups (P=0.501). Among the secondary outcome ASAS 40 response rates were 46.2% and 51.9% in the pamidronate and thalidomide groups respectively. All other secondary outcome indicators such as BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI etc. within-group showed significant improvements in both groups (P<0.001). Between-group differences were nonsignificant (P>0.1) except for ESR (P=0.006). There were no serious adverse events in any group.
Conclusions: Pamidronate and thalidomide were effective in refractory axial SpA and were well tolerated. However, there was no significant difference in the efficacy of the two drugs.  

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41(4): 269-276
COVID-19 presenting as Acute abdomen- a study of 3 cases
Authors: Paul Shrebash , Islam Md Khairul , Hasan Chowdhury Forhad Uddin , Chowdhury Fazle Rabbi
Published: October 2023

COVID-19 is a multisystem disease and sometimes patient can present with life threatening extra-pulmonary manifestations. Amongst GI symptoms nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea are common. Severe hepatobiliary manifestations like acute pancreatitis, acute hepatitis and cholecystitis are rare in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this case series we described three cases presented with hepatobiliary manifestations. All of them had acute abdominal pain and finally proven to be the case of acute pancreatitis and acalculous cholecystitis in addition to classical COVID- 19 symptoms. Two of them had severe symptoms and required high volume of oxygen, while one case (acalculous cholecystitis) had mild symptom only. All of them recovered successfully. High degree of clinical suspicion is required while managing atypical presentation of COVID-19 cases. This is also vital to refer the cases to advance care hospitals in time to ensure multidisciplinary care.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41(4): 320-324
A case of unhealing skin ulcer with iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Paul Shrebash , Moontaha Hashiba , Sarkar Bikash Kumar , Khan Sanzida , Khanam Majeda , Ahmed Md Zobaer , Basher Ariful
Published: October 2023

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a rare disease in South-East Asian countries like Bangladesh, often presenting as skin lesions, ulcers or granulomatous plaques on the arm or back. As the disease is uncommon, high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis. We are presenting a case of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a migrant Bangladeshi worker in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The case was initially treated with antibiotics, emollients and systemic steroid for a long time. However, the disease progressed, and the patient developed features of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. The diagnosis was confirmed with a skin biopsy, which revealed Leishmania parasite. He received treatment with Injectable liposomal Amphotericin B (LAmB) and oral Miltefosine with promising clinical response. Clinicians should be vigilant while treating non-healing ulcers, and consider CL when there is history of travelling to CL endemic areas

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41(4): 334-337
Peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis: Clinical Approach in diagnosis and management and role of surgery
Authors: Chowdhury Md Atiquel Islam
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41(4): 251-255
ANALISIS BERPIKIR KRITIS BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA KONSEP GEOMETRI DALAM PERMAINAN GOBAK SODOR
Authors: Aprillian Tino Gagah , Putra Eric Dwi , Anas Aswar
Published: October 2023

The aim of this research is to describe students' critical thinking in solving ethnomathematics-based mathematics problems on geometric concepts. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects were class VII students at As–Syuja'i Middle School. Critical thinking is an important ability that must be developed in students in learning mathematics. Critical thinking skills can be developed through learning mathematics using an ethnomathematics approach with the traditional game Gobak Sodor which has the potential to be used as an interesting learning medium in introducing geometric concepts to students. The results obtained by using an ethnomathematics approach with the traditional game gobak sodor, namely students' critical thinking in solving mathematical problems based on high ability and low ability types. Students who have high ability carry out all stages of solving mathematical problems using critical thinking indicators accurately and correctly, whereas students who have low ability do not carry out the stages of solving mathematical problems using critical thinking indicators accurately and correctly, only that students can determine what is being asked. on the questions correctly at the stage of understanding the problem with critical thinking indicators.
ANALISIS POLA KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL OPERASI HITUNG PECAHAN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Nugroho Ilham Arief , Purbasari Imaniar , Bakhruddin Ahmad
Published: October 2023

The main problem to be studied in this research is analyzing the pattern of mathematics learning difficulties when solving fraction calculation problems for elementary school students. This research aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the pattern of difficulties students face when understanding and answering fraction calculation questions. This study aims to analyze the pattern of mathematics learning difficulties of elementary school students when completing fraction calculation operations. The sample includes 5 subjects consisting of 5th grade students at SD Negeri 4 Mayonglor Jepara. Data collection was carried out through observation, as well as interviews with students and teachers. The data will be analyzed and used to explain the problem being studied. The results of data analysis show that students experience various difficulties in understanding the basic concepts of fractions and the ability to calculate fractions. One of the biggest difficulties is understanding the relationship between the numerator and denominator of a fraction. Students also often have difficulty converting fractions into their simplest form, changing fractions from mixed fractions to improper fractions and vice versa. Apart from that, understanding fractions with different denominators is also a challenge for students. The conclusion of this research is that elementary school students face many different difficulties when solving fraction calculation problems. These difficulties include understanding the basic concepts of fractions, changing the form of fractions, calculating the results of multiplying or dividing fractions, simplifying fractions, and applying fractions in the context of everyday situations
PENINGKATAN SELF CONFIDENCE DAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TIME TOKEN
Authors: Ardiyanti Titin , Napfiah Siti
Published: October 2023

This research was conducted because of the low self-confidence and mathematical communication skills of class VII students, especially in statistics. This is because Daarul Ukhuwwah Middle School has its own curriculum and there is no statistics material. Therefore, students do not have the courage to express their ideas or opinions. So, to increase self-confidence and mathematical communication skills of female students, researchers use cooperative learning with the time token method. The purpose of this study is to find out the description of the application of the time token type of cooperative learning to increase students' self-confidence and mathematical communication on set material in class VII SMP Daarul Ukhuwwah 2 Singosari Malang. The type of research used in this research is classroom action research (CAR). The subjects of this study were class VII-B students of SMP Daarul Ukhuwwah 2 Singosari for the 2022/2023 academic year consisting of 31 students. The data collection instruments used in this study were student observation sheets, questionnaires, and tests. This research was conducted in 1 cycle consisting of 2 meetings. The stages carried out in each cycle are planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results of this study indicate an increase in self-confidence and students' mathematical communication skills at each meeting. The average result of the questionnaire was 47.42% before the action became 69.50% in the first cycle of the 1st meeting to 83.23% in the 2nd meeting of the first cycle and from the average results of the test, namely 52.21% to 71, 60% in the first cycle of the 1st meeting to 86.45% in the 1st cycle of the 2nd meeting.
Yeşil ergonomi: Ergonomiye ekolojik bir yaklaşım
Authors: ÖNAL Sibel
Published: October 2023

Günümüzün en önemli sorunlarından biri olan çevre sorunları her geçen gün daha da görünür hale gelmekte ve birbirinden farklı pek çok disiplin tarafından ele alınmaktadır. Temelinde yatan iş veya verim artık biricik çalışma alanı olmaktan çıkmış olsa da ergonomi kendi içinde aldığı eleştirilerle “iş bilimi” olmaktan fazlası olduğunu bir noktada kanıtlamıştır. Son 30 yıldır ekolojik sorunlara duyarsız kalması yüzünden eleştirilen ergonomi çok disiplinli çalışmalara olanak sağlaması açısından önem verilmesi gereken bir durumdadır. Bu noktadan hareketle makalenin odağı, Neville Moray’ın söz konusu duyarsızlığa getirdiği eleştiriler ve Andrew Thatcher’ın yeşil ergonomi üzerine yaptığı tanımlama ve kapsamıdır. Yeşil ergonomi, doğayı önceleyen tasarımların yapılması gerektiğinden yola çıkarak ergonomi için yeni bir yaklaşım önermektedir. Yalnızca doğanın değil aynı zamanda kalabalıklaşan kentlerin sorunlarını çözmek için de doğaya zarar vermeyen biçimde tasarımların hayata geçirilmesi mümkündür. Mevcut makale çevresel sorunların çözülmesi için kullanılabilecek olan yeşil ergonomiye değinerek kentlerde yürütülen çalışmaların çevresel ve sosyal faydalar sağlayabileceğine dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dünyanın giderek kalabalıklaştığı, kırsaldan çok kentsel gelişmenin yaşandığı gerçeği ışığında gıda güvenliğinden yeşil alan gereksinimine dek her alanda yapılacak olan tasarımlarda yeşil ergonomi yaklaşımının gözetilmesi önem taşımaktadır.
Antropolojik “bilimselciliğin” sorunlarının keşfedildiği bir yolculuk: “Dinin tanımı” tartışması
Authors: ENNELİ Halil Çağlar
Published: October 2023

Bu makalede klasik bilim anlayışının antropoloji açısından sorunlu ve uygulanamaz bulunmasına kaynaklık eden önemli tartışmalardan birisi, “dinin tanımı” tartışması, yer alıyor. Makalede önce, “doğaüstü”, “insanüstü”, “ruhani varlık” ve “Tanrı” gibi dinle hemen ilişkilendirilebilecek terimlerin, tartışmanın başladığı zamanki bilimsel ölçütlere göre birçok sebeple oldukça kullanışsız olduğunun keşfedilmesine yer veriliyor. Bu ilk kısımda, dine her yerde ve her daim geçerli, zamanlar ve mekânlar üstü dinsel karakteristikler varmış gibi yaklaşmanın, toplumlararası ve toplumiçi farklılıklar karşısında kırıldığı ve kabul edilemez olduğu ortaya konuluyor. Bu tavrın arkasında bilim örtüsü ile gizlenmiş bir etnomerkezcilik bulunduğu gösteriliyor. Tanımlama sorunu yalnızca evrensellik iddiasının sürdürülemez olmasında değil toplumsal konuların, bunlar birbirlerinden ayrıymış, birbirlerine temas etmeyen-ettirilmemesi gereken ayrı bir “öz”leri varmış gibi ele alınmasından da kaynaklanmaktadır. Hâlbuki tam tersine bunlar birbirlerinin içine nereseyse ayrılmaz biçimde geçmişlerdir ve dinsel fenomeni diğer toplumsal fenomenlerden ayırmak pek mümkün değildir. Din bu yolla tanımlanmaya çalışıldığında ise yani insani evren, dinsel alanın içi ve dışı şeklinde iki gruba bölündüğünde, dinsel inanış ve pratiklerin anlamı ve karmaşıklığı büyük oranda kaybolacaktır. Makale boyunca, dinin tanımlanması özelinde, monotetik tanımlama biçiminin toplumsal fenomenleri, “gerçek” bir doğaları, “öz”leri varmış gibi ele aldığı ve bu farazi “öz”leri ayıklamaya uğraştığı için sorunlu olduğunu göstermeye ve bu sebeple antropolojik din çalışması veya herhangi bir toplumsal konudaki antropolojik çalışma için pek de uygun olmadığını ortaya koymaya çalıştım. Bunun yerine makalenin sonunda, insanların toplumsal yaşamda varolmasının ve onu anlamlandırmasının çoklu düzeylerine odaklanmanın, monotetik din tanımı çabasının ya toptan bir kenara bırakılmasına sebep olabileceğini ya da bir biçimde tanımlamadaki tıkanıklığın aşılmasını sağlayabileceğini iddia ettim. Burada ele alınan dinin tanımı tartışmasına ilişkin tüm noktalar, antropolojinin insani çeşitliliğe ulaşma yolunda, bilim ve bir zamanların bilimsel idealleri tarafından önüne koyulan engelleri keşfedişinin köşe taşları olarak okunabilir.
“That’s not Arabic, ya ḥabībi, it’s Libyan!”: Negotiating language boundaries, hierarchies, and policies in Arabic supplementary schools
Authors: Gaiser Leonie
Published: October 2023

This paper examines language use and policies in Arabic supplementary schools in the UK to explore how language teachers and learners negotiate and renegotiate sociolinguistic hierarchies and boundaries between language varieties. It draws on long-term ethnographic research in three Arabic supplementary schools in Manchester, with a particular focus on one case study school. Classroom participation and observation, informal interviews, and linguistic landscapes (offline and online) offer insights into language practices and reported practices, revealing discrepancies between language policy and actual language use. The article demonstrates how language beliefs and ideologies held at wider global scales play out locally, shaping imagined hierarchies of language resources in the diverse urban diaspora setting. It shows how in the supplementary school, staff and pupils redefine the status and relevance of “Arabic” versus English. Furthermore, the paper discusses the tensions between fuṣḥā and non-standardized varieties that are at the center of decision-making processes relating to target language and language of instruction in the classroom. This article argues that language policies are to be understood as emerging and operating within wider “interactional regimes,” encompassing declared and practiced policies, actors’ dynamic understandings of their language resources, and local and translocal language ideologies.
Comparing Translations of Dante’s Commedia
Authors: Blakesley Jacob
Published: October 2023

This essay examines the translations of the title of Dante’s magnum opus, the Commedia, as well as its canticle titles, across languages worldwide. This fills a gap in the secondary literature, which up until now has not examined this topic on a global scale. Rather than focusing on close textual analysis, this piece distantly reads the translation history of the title and canticle titles within different linguistic, cultural, historical and religious contexts. This essay thus shows how translators render specific concepts such as Commedia, Inferno, Purgatorio and Paradiso, often in non-Catholic and non-Christian societies. The results reveal how translations of the title (and canticle titles) are problematic, each in their own way. Translations of the title Commedia, for example, are difficult everywhere, because of the idiosyncratic usage of the term by Dante. Translations of the canticle title Purgatorio are problematic in non-Catholic societies in general, lacking such a religious concept. Meanwhile translations of the canticle titles Inferno and Paradiso are particularly challenging in non-monotheistic religious societies, which don’t have such eternal afterlives for individuals. In all these cases, though, this has not stopped translators from translating Dante’s text.
Advances in the synthesis of β-alanine
Authors: Song Peng , Zhang Xue , Wang Shuhua , Xu Wei , Wei Feng
Published: October 2023

β-Alanine is the only naturally occurring β-type amino acid in nature, and it is also one of the very promising three-carbon platform compounds that can be applied in cosmetics and food additives and as a precursor in the chemical, pharmaceutical and material fields, with very broad market prospects. β-Alanine can be synthesized through chemical and biological methods. The chemical synthesis method is relatively well developed, but the reaction conditions are extreme, requiring high temperature and pressure and strongly acidic and alkaline conditions; moreover, there are many byproducts that require high energy consumption. Biological methods have the advantages of product specificity, mild conditions, and simple processes, making them more promising production methods for β-alanine. This paper provides a systematic review of the chemical and biological synthesis pathways, synthesis mechanisms, key synthetic enzymes and factors influencing β-alanine, with a view to providing a reference for the development of a highly efficient and green production process for β-alanine and its industrialization, as well as providing a basis for further innovations in the synthesis of β-alanine.
On-demand chlorine dioxide solution enhances odontoblast differentiation through desulfation of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan and subsequent activation of canonical Wnt signaling
Authors: Inubushi Toshihiro , Priyanka Nag , Watanabe Masakatsu , Takahashi Yusuke , Kusano Shinnosuke , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Papagerakis Silvana , Papagerakis Petros , Hayashi Mikako , Yamashiro Takashi
Published: October 2023

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) surround the surface of odontoblasts, and their modification affects their affinity for Wnt ligands. This study proposes applying Matching Transformation System® (MA-T), a novel chlorinated oxidant, to enhance dentinogenesis. MA-T treatment in odontoblasts decreased sulfation of HSPG and upregulated the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) and Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (Dmp1) via activation of canonical Wnt signaling in vitro. Ex vivo application of MA-T also enhanced dentin matrix formation in developing tooth explants. Reanalysis of a public single-cell RNA-seq dataset revealed significant Wnt activity in the odontoblast population, with enrichment for Wnt10a and Wnt6. Silencing assays showed that Wnt10a and Wnt6 were redundant in inducing Dspp and Dmp1 mRNA expression. These Wnt ligands’ expression was upregulated by MA-T treatment, and TCF/LEF binding sites are present in their promoters. Furthermore, the Wnt inhibitors Notum and Dkk1 were enriched in odontoblasts, and their expression was also upregulated by MA-T treatment, together suggesting autonomous maintenance of Wnt signaling in odontoblasts. This study provides evidence that MA-T activates dentinogenesis by modifying HSPG and through subsequent activation of Wnt signaling.
Large scale uniform Ni-P plated carbon fiber for boosting urea electro-oxidation and electro-detection
Authors: Fan Yan-Ru , Li Jin-Qi , Yang Yu-Xi , Zhang Zhi-Hao , Zhang Jie , Yang Jing-He
Published: October 2023

Seeking an excellent electrocatalyst is the trickiest issue for the application of urea electro-oxidation and electro-detection. Phosphorus-doped nickel plating on carbon fibers (Ni-P/CF) is synthesized by simple electroless plating. SEM results exhibit that the Ni-P densely and uniformly grows onto the surface of carbon fibers (CF), forming carbon fibers-like nanoarchitectures. Benefiting from the carbon fibers-like nano architectures with abundant exposed active sites on the surface of CF, electron transfer can be synchronously facilitated, and Ni-P/CF displays superior urea electrooxidation (UOR) performance with potentials of 1.40 V to reach 100 mA cm−2. Impressively, it can maintain at 20 mA cm−2 for 48 h without evident activity attenuation, demonstrating robust durability. Cycle stability shows that the voltage has only increased by 10 mV at 300 mA cm−2 from the 10th to 20000th cycles. Most importantly, Ni-P/CF at a length of 100 cm with good reproducibility was successfully synthesized, denoting great potential for large-scale industrial production. Therefore, this work not only affords cost-effective tactics for urea-rich wastewater degradation but also can achieve practical medical applications.
Antigen specific activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells by Staphylococcus aureus infected dendritic cells
Authors: Friot Adèle , Djebali Sophia , Valsesia Séverine , Parroche Peggy , Dubois Maxence , Baude Jessica , Vandenesch François , Marvel Jacqueline , Leverrier Yann
Published: October 2023

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen associated with a wide variety of diseases, from minor to life-threatening infections. Antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, leading to increasing concern about the control of S. aureus infections. The development of vaccines may be one way to overcome these resistant strains. However, S. aureus ability to internalize into cells – and thus to form a reservoir escaping humoral immunity – is a challenge for vaccine development. A role of T cells in the elimination of persistent S. aureus has been established in mice but it remains to be established if CD8+ T cells could display a cytotoxic activity against S. aureus infected cells. We examined in vitro the ability of CD8+ T cells to recognize and kill dendritic cells infected with S. aureus. We first evidenced that both primary mouse dendritic cells and DC2.4 cell line can be infected with S. aureus. We then generated a strain of S. aureus expressing a model CD8 epitope and transgenic F5 CD8+ T cells recognizing this model epitope were used as reporter T cells. In response to S. aureus-infected dendritic cells, F5 CD8+ T cells produced IFN-γ in an antigen-specific manner and displayed an increased ability to kill infected cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate that cells infected by S. aureus display bacteria-derived epitopes at their surface that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. This paves the way for the development of CD8+ T cell-based therapies against S. aureus.
How technology shapes advice: professional–parent interaction in a digital pediatric treatment
Authors: Dalmaijer Evi , Pas Berber , Spooren Wilbert , Stommel Wyke
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Technology-enabled treatments (TET) have emerged in pediatric care as an effective solution for early and intensive intervention. There is a lack of research in the field of digitalized health care on the interaction between professionals and parents on which these treatments are based, and at the same time too little is known about the impact of remoteness and technology on interaction in the field of health communication.

Method

We use a conversation analytical approach to examine the interaction between occupational therapists and parents in one such treatment on a micro level, with a focus on advice-giving and the role of professional and parental authorities in this.

Results

Our analyses show that professionals in TET work together with the parents of children in treatment to achieve children's rehabilitation goals. In advice-giving in TET, the professionals interactionally downgrade their epistemic and deontic authority, orienting toward the imposition on parents inherent to advice and orienting toward parental authority.

Discussion

By describing three different patterns of the interactional unfolding of advice-giving, we provide insights into how professionals carefully initiate and return to advice and show how this activity is shaped by the technology used for the interaction. Our study offers a better understanding of how paramedical professionals practice their profession given remoteness and technology and what TET entails interactionally in terms of advice-giving.
Comprehensive cyber security for port and harbor ecosystems
Authors: Pöyhönen Jouni , Lehto Martti
Published: October 2023

Global maritime transportation and logistics systems are essential parts of critical infrastructures in every society, and a crucial part of maritime logistics processes are seaports. In the coming years, digitalization and increased levels of autonomy in logistic transport chains are expected to take leaps forward. This development can help create safer, more efficient, more sustainable, and more reliable service chains to meet the requirements for a better quality of life and global prosperity. Port and harbor operations connect the maritime transport to other modes of transportation and enable multimodal transportation. Smart ports play a central role in future transport logistics and supply chains. Digitalization helps improve the efficiency of terminal systems in the processes of these ports. In the best cases, digitalization can also promote the reduction of emissions by optimizing port operations and enhancing cargo and people flows while improving the experience for all stakeholders. The improvement of port processes relies on the development of information and communication technology (ICT) as well as on industrial control systems (ICS) and operation technologies (OT). At the same time, the cyber security of maritime logistics also needs to be addressed. This article presents our findings related to the Sea4Value research goal on cyber security, which is a comprehensive cyber security architecture for port services at the system level. The article emphasizes the importance of a system of systems approach in terms of a comprehensive cyber security management process for port ecosystems. The description and recognition of management steps of every stakeholder are the key elements in this kind of process.
Investigating binding energies and trapping cross-sections in an n-type Ge detector at low temperatures
Authors: Bhattarai Sanjay , Mei Dongming , Raut Mathbar Singh , Panth Rajendra , Kooi Kyler , Mei Hao , Wang Guojian
Published: October 2023

We investigated charge transport in an n-type germanium detector at 5.2 K to explore new technology for enhancing low-mass dark matter detection sensitivity. Calculations of dipole and cluster dipole state binding energies and electric field-dependent trapping cross-sections are critical to developing low-threshold detectors. The detector operates in two methods: depleting at 77K before cooling, or directly cooling to 5.2 K and applying different bias voltages. Results indicated lower binding energy of charge states in the second method, at zero field and under an electric field, suggesting different charge states formed under different operating methods. Measured cluster dipole and dipole state binding energies at zero field were 7.88± 0.64 meV and 8.37± 0.75 meV, respectively, signifying high low-threshold potential for low-mass dark matter searches in the future.
Use of consumer wearables to monitor and predict pain in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Vuong Caroline , Utkarsh Kumar , Stojancic Rebecca , Subramaniam Arvind , Fernandez Olivia , Banerjee Tanvi , Abrams Daniel M. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Shah Nirmish
Published: October 2023

Background

In sickle cell disease (SCD), unpredictable episodes of acute severe pain, known as vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), disrupt school, work activities and family life and ultimately lead to multiple hospitalizations. The ability to predict VOCs would allow a timely and adequate intervention. The first step towards this ultimate goal is to use patient-friendly and accessible technology to collect relevant data that helps infer a patient's pain experience during VOC. This study aims to: (1) determine the feasibility of remotely monitoring with a consumer wearable during hospitalization for VOC and up to 30 days after discharge, and (2) evaluate the accuracy of pain prediction using machine learning models based on physiological parameters measured by a consumer wearable.

Methods

Patients with SCD (≥18 years) who were admitted for a vaso-occlusive crisis were enrolled at a single academic center. Participants were instructed to report daily pain scores (0–10) in a mobile app (Nanbar) and to continuously wear an Apple Watch up to 30 days after discharge. Data included heart rate (in rest, average and variability) and step count. Demographics, SCD genotype, and details of hospitalization including pain scores reported to nurses, were extracted from electronic medical records. Physiological data from the wearable were associated with pain scores to fit 3 different machine learning classification models. The performance of the machine learning models was evaluated using: accuracy, F1, root-mean-square error and area under the receiver-operating curve.

Results

Between April and June 2022, 19 patients (74% HbSS genotype) were included in this study and followed for a median time of 28 days [IQR 22–34], yielding a dataset of 2,395 pain data points. Ten participants were enrolled while hospitalized for VOC. The metrics of the best performing model, the random forest model, were micro-averaged accuracy of 92%, micro-averaged F1-score of 0.63, root-mean-square error of 1.1, and area under the receiving operating characteristic curve of 0.9.

Conclusion

Our random forest model accurately predicts high pain scores during admission for VOC and after discharge. The Apple Watch was a feasible method to collect physiologic data and provided accuracy in prediction of pain scores.
Construction stability analysis of intersection tunnel in city under CRD method
Authors: Ren Yiwei , Zhou Shijun , Jia Jiayin , Yuan Qiang , Zhou Zelin , Liu Maoyi , He Huayong
Published: October 2023

The construction of city intersection tunnels cause multiple redistribution of surrounding rock stress, resulting in the engineering disasters such as instability in existing tunnels and collapses of ground buildings. To mitigate formation disturbances effectively, the Center Cross Diagram (CRD) method is employed in city tunnel construction. In this study, a numerical model for a city intersection tunnel is developed based on an underground circular roads project in Chongqing, China, to analyze the safety of the tunnel structure and the stability of ground buildings under the CRD method. The numerical simulation results obtain that the excavation of pilot-tunnel ➃ will reduce the surrounding rock stress and control the rock strata subsidence, and reveal that the excavation of pilot-tunnel ➃ is the key step of CRD method. The maximum compressive stress and tensile stress of surrounding rock first increase and then decrease during the excavation of pilot-tunnels ➀, ➁, ➂, and ➃. Simultaneously, the deformation of the ground building experiences a slow initial increase followed by a rapid rise before stabilizing. Furthermore, the excavation of the main tunnel leads to an increase of 0.73, 0.35, and 0.52 times in the vault subsidence value, left haunch convergence value, and right haunch convergence value of branch tunnel #1, respectively. Finally, the convergence process of branch tunnel #1 is discussed through the in-situ monitoring, which is divided into three stages: rapid deformation, deceleration deformation, and stable deformation. The final horizontal convergence value and subsidence value of cross-section K0+360 are respectively 84% and 78% of those at cross-section K0+395.
Optimize configuration of multi-energy storage system in a standalone microgrid
Authors: Chen Jun
Published: October 2023

Aiming at the integrated energy microgrid, an important part of the energy internet, this paper constructs a multi-energy storage system optimization configuration model of the integrated energy microgrid in an independent mode, and proposes a configuration method that includes the rated power and capacity of the storage system and the heat storage system. The storage system model includes the estimation of battery life during heating and non-heating periods. The model takes economy as the index, and considers the relevant constraints of thermoelectric coupling of thermoelectric units, including thermal and electrical balance, unit climb, energy storage system and self-sufficiency probability, etc., and uses a The bacterial colony chemotaxis (BCC) algorithm model based on unit output and energy storage system power distribution strategy to solve the problem. The operation characteristics of cogeneration units equipped with energy storage system are discussed. The results show that the proposed multi-energy storage system configuration method has significant economic and environmental benefits in both heating and non-heating periods, and promotes the uptake of wind power.
Reforestation and sylvopastoral systems in Sahelian drylands: evaluating return on investment from provisioning ecosystem services, Senegal
Authors: Cesaro Jean-Daniel , Mbaye Tamsir , Ba Baba , Ba Marieme Fall , Delaye Etienne , Akodewou Amah , Taugourdeau Simon
Published: October 2023

Since the 1960s, droughts have caused significant degradation of Sahelian ecosystems, particularly resulting in a reduction in tree cover. Despite the challenges posed by climate change, the rural Sahelian population continues to depend on natural resources for pastoral livestock farming, which remains a critical source of livelihood. To address this issue of land degradation, Sahelian states and international coalitions are prioritizing efforts to restore pastoral land through reforestation programs. These initiatives aim to enhance ecosystem services, generate new income for the population, and safeguard biodiversity.In practice, however, reforestation has often led to a depletion of resources for communities due to enclosure policies. This paper explores various land management models for reforestation within a pastoral context through provisioning ecosystem services (PES) modeling.This study quantifies the economic potential of PES offered by reforestation programs in Senegal. It employs a quantitative methodology to assess the profitability of these operations from the perspective of pastoral economies. The analysis reveals that the PES benefits of reforestation can significantly enhance the economic potential of sylvo-pastoral productions if resource access is negotiated collaboratively between pastoralists and forestry extension services during reforestation activities and after. From an investment perspective, the economic viability of reforestation operations in drylands is questionable. The findings suggest that when evaluated solely in terms of PES profitability, these programs may not be financially sustainable. The sustainability of these investments would require taking into account supporting and regulating ecosystem services.