bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SNP rs9364554 Modulates Androgen Receptor Binding and Drug Response in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yan Yuqian , Shi Lei , Ma Tao , Wang Liguo , Huang Haojie
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Prostate cancer treatment efficacy is significantly influenced by androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways. SLC22A3, a membrane transporter, has been linked to SNP rs9364554 risk loci for drug efficacy in prostate cancer. (2) Methods: We examined the location of SNP rs9364554 in the genome and utilized TCGA and other publicly available datasets to analyze the association of this SNP with SLC22A3 transcription levels. We verified onco-mining findings in prostate cancer cell lines using quantitative PCR and Western blots. Additionally, we employed electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to detect the binding affinity of transcription factors to this SNP. The ChIP-Seq was used to analyze the enrichment of H3K27ac on the SLC22A3 promoter. (3) Results: In this study, we revealed that SNP rs9364554 resides in the SLC22A3 gene and affects its transcription. The downregulation of SLC22A3 is associated with drug resistance. More importantly, we found that this SNP has different binding affinities with transcription factors, specifically FOXA1 and AR, which significantly affects their regulation of SLC22A3 transcription. (4) Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential of using this SNP as a biomarker for predicting chemotherapeutic outcomes and uncover possible mechanisms underlying drug resistance in advanced prostate cancers. More importantly, it provides a clinical foundation for targeting FOXA1 to enhance drug efficacy in prostate cancer patients.
Epigenetic Regulation of Stromal and Immune Cells and Therapeutic Targets in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Liu Kang , Li Yue , Shen Minmin , Xu Wei , Wu Shanshan , Yang Xinxin , Zhang Bo , Lin Nengming
Published: January 2025

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in neoplastic initiation and progression. Epigenetic machinery, governing the expression of core oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in transformed cells, significantly contributes to tumor development at both primary and distant sites. Recent studies have illuminated how epigenetic mechanisms integrate external cues and downstream signals, altering the phenotype of stromal cells and immune cells. This remolds the area surrounding tumor cells, ultimately fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, correcting the TME by targeting the epigenetic modifications holds substantial promise for cancer treatment. This review synthesizes recent research that elucidates the impact of specific epigenetic regulations—ranging from DNA methylation to histone modifications and chromatin remodeling—on stromal and immune cells within the TME. Notably, we highlight their functional roles in either promoting or restricting tumor progression. We also discuss the potential applications of epigenetic agents for cancer treatment, envisaging their ability to normalize the ecosystem. This review aims to assist researchers in understanding the dynamic interplay between epigenetics and the TME, paving the way for better epigenetic therapy.
The Proapoptotic Effect of MB-653 Is Associated with the Modulation of Metastasis and Invasiveness-Related Signalling Pathways in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sokoli Libor , Takáč Peter , Budovská Mariana , Michalková Radka , Kello Martin , Nosálová Natália , Balážová Ľudmila , Salanci Šimon , Mojžiš Ján
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a high mortality rate. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic, proapoptotic, and anti-invasive effects of the synthetic indole phytoalexin MB-653. The antiproliferative effect was determined using an MTT assay, showing IC50 values of 5.8 ± 0.3 μmol/L for HCT116 cells and 6.1 ± 2.1 μmol/L for Caco2 cells. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cytotoxicity, proapoptotic action, and anti-invasion effects. The proapoptotic activity was evidenced by the activation of caspases 3 and 7, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an increased number of apoptotic cells, confirmed by annexin V/PI and AO/PI staining. Additionally, MB-653 induces dose-dependent G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, the cause of which could be cyclin B1/CDC2 complex dysfunction and/or a decrease in α-tubulin protein expression. Another important observation was that MB-653 modulated several signalling pathways associated with various cellular activities, including survival, proliferation, tumour invasiveness, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We further demonstrated its safety for topical and parenteral application. To sum up, our results indicate the real potential of MB-653 in treating colorectal cancer.
Fetal Hemoglobin as a Predictive Biomarker for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study in Portugal
Authors: Fevereiro-Martins Mariza , Aguiar Laura , Inácio Ângela , Cardoso Carlos , Santos Ana Carolina , Marques-Neves Carlos , Guimarães Hercília , Pinto Rui , Bicho Manuel
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of vision impairment in preterm infants, with its pathogenesis linked to oxygen exposure. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, commonly performed in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), reduce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) fraction, altering oxygen dynamics and potentially contributing to ROP. We aimed to investigate the relationship between RBC transfusions, HbF percentage, and ROP, evaluating HbF as a potential predictive biomarker. Methods: A multicenter, prospective study was conducted across eight Portuguese NICUs, involving infants born at <32 weeks gestational age (GA) or <1500 g. ROP staging followed the International Classification of ROP (ICROP2). Clinical data were collected during hospitalization, and HbF fractions were measured from blood samples in the first four weeks of life using standardized methods. Infants were stratified by ROP presence and treatment requirement. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0, with p < 0.05. Results: Eighty-two infants (mean GA: 28.1 ± 2.1 weeks, birth weight: 1055.8 ± 258.3 g) were included. Among them, 29 (35.4%) presented ROP and 4 (4.9%) required treatment. Infants with ROP had more RBC transfusions and lower HbF percentages than those without ROP (p < 0.05). Lower HbF was associated with more RBC transfusions (p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a higher ROP risk in infants with reduced HbF (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Low HbF percentage in the first four weeks of life may increase ROP risk in preterm infants. HbF could serve as a biomarker for ROP prediction. Interventions preserving HbF may reduce ROP risk. Further studies are needed to validate HbF as a biomarker and refine prevention strategies.
Flexible Model Predictive Control for Bounded Gait Generation in Humanoid Robots
Authors: Yang Tianbo , Tong Yuchuang , Zhang Zhengtao
Published: January 2025

With advancements in bipedal locomotion for humanoid robots, a critical challenge lies in generating gaits that are bounded to ensure stable operation in complex environments. Traditional Model Predictive Control (MPC) methods based on Linear Inverted Pendulum (LIP) or Cart–Table (C-T) methods are straightforward and linear but inadequate for robots with flexible joints and linkages. To overcome this limitation, we propose a Flexible MPC (FMPC) framework that incorporates joint dynamics modeling and emphasizes bounded gait control to enable humanoid robots to achieve stable motion in various conditions. The FMPC is based on an enhanced flexible C-T model as the motion model, featuring an elastic layer and an auxiliary second center of mass (CoM) to simulate joint systems. The flexible C-T model’s inversion derivation allows it to be effectively transformed into the predictive equation for the FMPC, therefore enriching its flexible dynamic behavior representation. We further use the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) velocity as a control variable and integrate multiple constraints that emphasize CoM constraint, embed explicit bounded constraint, and integrate ZMP constraint, therefore enabling the control of model flexibility and enhancement of stability. Since all the above constraints are shown to be linear in the control variables, a quadratic programming (QP) problem is established that guarantees that the CoM trajectory is bounded. Lastly, simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, emphasizing its capacity to generate bounded CoM/ZMP trajectories across diverse conditions, underscoring its potential to enhance gait control. In addition, the validation of the simulation of real robot motion on the robots CASBOT and Openloong, in turn, demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of our approach.
The Influence of Input Frequency and L2 Proficiency on the Representation of Collocations for Chinese EFL Learners
Authors: Yu Mengchu , Xu Saisai , Yang Lianrui , Chen Shifa
Published: January 2025

Collocations typically refer to habitual word combinations, which not only occur in texts but also constitute an essential component of the mental lexicon. This study focuses on the mental lexicon of Chinese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL), investigating the representation of collocations and the influence of input frequency and L2 proficiency by employing a phrasal decision task. The findings reveal the following: (1) Collocations elicited faster response times and higher accuracy rates than non-collocations. (2) Higher input frequency improved the accuracy of judgments. High-proficiency Chinese EFL learners exhibit better accuracy and faster response times in collocation judgment tests. Additionally, input frequency and L2 proficiency interactively affected both response time and accuracy rate. These results indicate that L2 learners have a processing advantage for collocations, which function as independent entries in the mental lexicon. Both input frequency and L2 proficiency are crucial factors in collocational representation, with increased input frequency and proficiency shifting the representation from analytic retrieval toward holistic recognition in a continuum pattern.
Design Optimization of an Innovative Instrumental Single-Sided Formwork Supporting System for Retaining Walls Using Physics-Constrained Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Liu Wei , He Lin , Liu Jikai , Xie Xiangyang , Hao Ning , Shen Cheng , Zhou Junyong
Published: January 2025

Single-sided formwork supporting systems (SFSSs) play a crucial role in the urban construction of retaining walls using cast-in-place concrete. By supporting the formwork from one side, an SFSS can minimize its spatial footprint, enabling its closer placement to boundary lines without compromising structural integrity. However, existing SFSS designs struggle to achieve a balance between mechanical performance and lightweight construction. To address these limitations, an innovative instrumented SFSS was proposed. It is composed of a panel structure made of a panel, vertical braces, and cross braces and a supporting structure comprising an L-shaped frame, steel tubes, and anchor bolts. These components are conducive to modular manufacturing, lightweight installation, and convenient connections. To facilitate the optimal design of this instrumented SFSS, a physics-constrained generative adversarial network (PC-GAN) approach was proposed. This approach incorporates three objective functions: minimizing material usage, adhering to deformation criteria, and ensuring structural safety. An example application is presented to demonstrate the superiority of the instrumented SFSS and validate the proposed PC-GAN approach. The instrumented SFSS enables individual components to be easily and rapidly prefabricated, assembled, and disassembled, requiring only two workers for installation or removal without the need for additional hoisting equipment. The optimized instrumented SFSS, designed using the PC-GAN approach, achieves comparable deformation performance (from 2.49 mm to 2.48 mm in maxima) and slightly improved component stress levels (from 97 MPa to 115 MPa in maxima) while reducing the total weight by 20.85%, through optimizing panel thickness, the dimensions and spacings of vertical and lateral braces, and the spacings of steel tubes. This optimized design of the instrumented SFSS using PC-GAN shows better performance than the current scheme, combining significant weight reduction with enhanced mechanical efficiency.
A Digital Phenotypic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (DANO): A Pilot Study on Sociability Changes in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Brain Malignancies
Authors: Siddi Francesca , Emedom-Nnamdi Patrick , Catalino Michael P. , Rana Aakanksha , Boaro Alessandro , Dawood Hassan Y. , Sala Francesco , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Smith Timothy R.
Published: January 2025

Background: The digital phenotyping tool has great potential for the deep characterization of neurological and quality-of-life assessments in brain tumor patients. Phone communication activities (details on call and text use) can provide insight into the patients’ sociability. Methods: We prospectively collected digital-phenotyping data from six brain tumor patients. The data were collected using the Beiwe application installed on their personal smartphones. We constructed several daily sociability features from phone communication logs, including the number of incoming and outgoing text messages and calls, the length of messages and duration of calls, message reciprocity, the number of communication partners, and number of missed calls. We compared variability in these sociability features against those obtained from a control group, matched for age and sex, selected among patients with a herniated disc. Results: In brain tumor patients, phone-based communication appears to deteriorate with time, as evident in the trend for total outgoing minutes, total outgoing calls, and call out-degree. Conclusions: These measures indicate a possible decrease in sociability over time in brain tumor patients that may correlate with survival. This exploratory analysis suggests that a quantifiable digital sociability phenotype exists and is comparable for patients with different survival outcomes. Overall, assessing neurocognitive function using digital phenotyping appears promising.
Oral Maintenance Therapy in Early Breast Cancer—How Many Patients Are Potential Candidates?
Authors: Tauber Nikolas , Hilmer Lisbeth , Dannehl Dominik , Fick Franziska , Hemptenmacher Franziska , Krawczyk Natalia , Meyer-Lehnert Thomas , Milewski Kay , Princk Henriette , Hartkopf Andreas , Rody Achim , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This single-center analysis evaluated the number of potential candidates for endocrine-based oral maintenance therapy in a real-world setting, focusing on three therapeutic agents, namely, olaparib, abemaciclib, and ribociclib, for patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative early breast cancer. Methods: All breast cancer cases from the past 10 years (n = 3230) that underwent treatment at the certified Breast Cancer Center of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck Campus, were analyzed. Results: Of a total of 2038 patients with HR+ HER2− eBC, 685 patients (33.6%) qualified for one or more of the three agents—olaparib, abemaciclib, and ribociclib. Of these 685 patients, 523 patients (76.4%) had node-positive and 162 (23.6%) node-negative disease. Moreover, 368 patients (18.1% of a total of 2038 patients with HR+ HER2− eBC) were eligible exclusively for ribociclib, including all node-negative patients. A total of 141 patients (6.9%) met the criteria for all three agents. In contrast, 1353 patients (66.4%) had no indication for combined endocrine therapy. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest analysis addressing all three therapeutic strategies for combined endocrine therapy. The broad indication criteria of the NATALEE study may increase clinic workloads due to more frequent physician/patient interactions. It also remains unclear how therapy recommendations will influence actual treatment, as increased visits and potential side effects could affect patient compliance and adherence.
A Personalized Approach for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: Current Understanding and Future Directions
Authors: Alerasool Parissa , Zhou Susu , Miller Eric , Anker Jonathan , Tsao Brandon , Kyprianou Natasha , Tsao Che-Kai
Published: January 2025

Oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) represents an intermediate state in the progression from localized disease to widespread metastasis when the radiographically significant sites are limited in number and location. With no clear consensus on a definition, its diagnostic significance and associated optimal therapeutic approach remain controversial, posing a significant challenge for clinicians. The current standard of care for metastatic disease is to start systemic therapy; however, active surveillance and targeted radiotherapy have become attractive options to mitigate the long-term effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Furthermore, evolving biomarker methodologies may further define optimal treatment selection. In this review, we summarize the current understanding that guides the treatment of OMPC, with a focus on how host response can be an important contributing factor. Evolving scientific understanding and clinical development will continue to shape the landscape of treatment strategies for this distinct disease state.
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Adrenal Tumors: An Up-to-Date Meta-Analysis on Perioperative Outcomes
Authors: Esposito Giuseppe , Mullineris Barbara , Colli Giovanni , Curia Serena , Piccoli Micaela
Published: January 2025

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for adrenal glands is becoming increasingly developed worldwide and robotic surgery has advanced significantly. Although there are still concerns about the generalization of outcomes and the cost burden, the robotic platform shows several advantages in overcoming some laparoscopic shortcomings. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases of published articles comparing RA and LA up to January 2024. The evaluated endpoints were technical and post-operative outcomes. Dichotomous data were calculated using the odds ratio (OR), while continuous data were analyzed usingmean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A random-effects model (REM) was applied. Results: By the inclusion of 28 studies, the meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the rates of intraoperative RBC transfusion, 30-day mortality, intraoperative and overall postoperative complications, re-admission, R1 resection margin and operating time in the RA group compared with the LA. However, the overall cost of hospitalization was significantly higher in the RA group than in the LA group, [MD USD 4101.32, (95% CI 3894.85, 4307.79) p < 0.00001]. With respect to the mean intraoperative blood loss, conversion to open surgery rate, time to first flatus and length of hospital stay, the RA group showed slightly statistically significant lower rates than the laparoscopic approach. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest and most recent meta-analysis that makes these comparisons. RA can be considered safe, feasible and comparable to LA in terms of the intraoperative and post-operative outcomes. In the near future, RA could represent a promising complementary approachto LA for benign and small malignant adrenal masses, particularly in high-volume referral centers specializing in robotic surgery. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Metal-Based Catalysts in Biomass Transformation: From Plant Feedstocks to Renewable Fuels and Chemicals
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Naseem Muhammad Tahir , Ali Sajid , Zaman Wajid
Published: January 2025

The transformation of biomass into renewable fuels and chemicals has gained remarkable attention as a sustainable alternative to fossil-based resources. Metal-based catalysts, encompassing transition and noble metals, are crucial in these transformations as they drive critical reactions, such as hydrodeoxygenation, hydrogenation, and reforming. Transition metals, including nickel, cobalt, and iron, provide cost-effective solutions for large-scale processes, while noble metals, such as platinum and palladium, exhibit superior activity and selectivity for specific reactions. Catalytic advancements, including the development of hybrid and bimetallic systems, have further improved the efficiency, stability, and scalability of biomass transformation processes. This review highlights the catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic, algal, and waste biomass into high-value platform chemicals, biofuels, and biopolymers, with a focus on processes, such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, aqueous-phase reforming, and catalytic cracking. Key challenges, including catalyst deactivation, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability, are examined alongside emerging solutions, like AI-driven catalyst design and lifecycle analysis. By addressing these challenges and leveraging innovative technologies, metal-based catalysis can accelerate the transition to a circular bioeconomy, supporting global efforts to combat climate change and reduce fossil fuel dependence.
Potassium Current Signature of Neuronal/Glial Progenitors in Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells
Authors: Sabbatini Paola , Cipriani Sabrina , Biagini Andrea , Sallicandro Luana , Arcuri Cataldo , Romani Rita , Prontera Paolo , Mirarchi Alessandra , Gentile Rosaria , Bianco Diletta Del , Gliozheni Elko , Gerli Sandro , Giardina Irene , Arduini Maurizio , Favilli Alessandro , Malvasi Antonio , Tinelli Andrea , Fioretti Bernard
Published: January 2025

Amniotic fluid is a complex and dynamic biological matrix that surrounds the fetus during the pregnancy. From this fluid, is possible to isolate various cell types with particular interest directed towards stem cells (AF-SCs). These cells are highly appealing due to their numerous potential applications in the field of regenerative medicine for tissues and organs as well as for treating conditions such as traumatic or ischemic injuries to the nervous system, myocardial infarction, or cancer. AF-SCs, when subcultured in the presence of basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), have been shown to survive and migrate when transplanted into the striatum of the rat brain, exhibiting behavior characteristics of neuronal/glial progenitor cells. In this work, we performed an electrophysiological characterization to ascertain the propensity of AF-SCs to differentiate into glial and neuronal cells by bFGF. By using patch clamp technique we characterized a fibroblast-like morphology that display a barium-sensitive inward-rectifying potassium current (Kir) and calcium-activated potassium currents (KCa). The electrophysiological and calcium dynamics of histamine, a marker of undifferentiated neural progenitors, was further studied. Histamine promoted intracellular calcium increase by Fura-2 recording and calcium-activated potassium current activation with a similar temporal profile in AF-SC. The data presented in this paper ultimately confirm the expression in AF-SCs of the Kir and KCa currents, also showing regulation by endogenous stimuli such as histamine for the latter.
Nuclear N-WASP Induces Actin Polymerization in the Nucleus with Cortactin as an Essential Factor
Authors: Jiang Xin , Mohapatra Purusottam , Rossing Maria , Zheng Wenqian , Zbodakova Olga , Thatte Jayashree Vijay , Sørensen Claus Storgaard , Le Phan Thu Han , Brakebusch Cord
Published: January 2025

Nuclear actin polymerization was reported to control different nuclear processes, but its regulation is poorly understood. Here, we show that N-WASP can trigger the formation of nuclear N-WASP/F-actin nodules. While a cancer hotspot mutant of N-WASP lacking the VCA domain (V418fs) had a dominant negative function on nuclear F-actin, an even shorter truncation mutant found in melanoma (R128*) strongly promoted nuclear actin polymerization. Nuclear localization of N-WASP was not regulated by the cell cycle and increasing nuclear F-actin formation by N-WASP had no obvious influence on replication. However, nuclear N-WASP/F-actin nodules colocalized partially with RNA Pol II clusters. N-WASP-dependent actin polymerization promoted the maturation of RNA Pol II clusters, with the short truncation mutant R128* unexpectedly showing the strongest effect. Nuclear N-WASP nodules including V418fs colocalized with WIP and cortactin. Importantly, cortactin binding was essential but not sufficient for F-actin formation, while WIP binding was required for actin polymerization by R128*. These data reveal a cortactin-dependent role for N-WASP in the regulation of nuclear F-actin and indicate contrasting nuclear effects for N-WASP mutants found in cancer.
Parametric CFD Study of Spray Drying Chamber Geometry: Part I—Effects on Airflow Dynamics
Authors: Gutiérrez Suárez Jairo Andrés , Galeano Urueña Carlos Humberto , Gómez Mejía Alexánder
Published: January 2025

Internal airflow dynamics play a crucial role in spray drying engineering by governing particle transport and, consequently, the quality of dried products. For this application, airflow dynamics represent short- and long-timescale behaviors across the main jet and recirculation regions and have been related, among other factors, to spray chamber design. This study examines the parametric effects of key geometrical design parameters on internal airflow dynamics using Design of Experiments (DOE) methodologies and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The CFD model adopts a cost-efficient approach, including adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) methods, enabling running multiple simulation cases while retaining turbulence-resolving capabilities. The results provide quantitative parameter–response relationships, offering insights into the impact of chamber geometry on complex airflow behaviors. Among the parameters studied, the chamber aspect ratio strongly influences the strength of external recirculation flows. The inlet swirl primarily governs the stability of central and recirculating flows, while the conical–cylindrical section topology, in conjunction with the jet Reynolds number, affects flow impingement on walls, predominantly caused by the precession and reversal of the central jet. This methodology demonstrates significant potential for future studies on particle drying, equipment, process scale-up, and alternative chamber configurations in spray drying systems.
Severe Lipoatrophy in a Growth Hormone Deficient Toddler Girl Treated with a Non-Pegylated Long-Acting Growth Hormone
Authors: Büyükgebiz Atilla , Demir And
Published: January 2025

Background: Recombinant growth hormone (rhGH) has been used since 1985 to treat growth hormone (GH)-induced short stature, typically associated with transient adverse events. However, lipoatrophy, characterized by irreversible damage to subcutaneous fat, was first reported in 1999 and linked to antibody formation. In 2021, localized lipoatrophy was observed in 14.5% of patients receiving daily rhGH, with repeated injections at the same sites being a common contributing factor. Long-acting rhGH (LAGH) preparation offers the advantage of weekly injections, enhancing patient comfort and adherence to treatment. Methods: This case report discusses a 5.5-year-old girl born at 40 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 2300 g, diagnosed with idiopathic short stature and borderline GH secretion, along with a history of mild intrauterine growth retardation. Results: After initiating treatment with somatrogon, a non-pegylated fusion protein formulation of LAGH at the standard dose of 0.66 mg/kg body weight weekly, administered by her family, she developed localized lipoatrophy at the injection site within eleven weeks. The injections were performed consistently in the same area of the right upper arm, where lipoatrophy emerged. Following the onset of this adverse effect, her treatment was adjusted to daily rhGH, with strict instructions to rotate injection sites. Despite these clear instructions, follow-up revealed that the parents continued to administer injections with the non-pegylated LAGH fusion protein formulation, this time in the left upper arm, leading to a recurrence of lipoatrophy within eight weeks. Conclusions: The recurrence underscores the importance of proper injection techniques, particularly site rotation, in preventing localized adverse effects. Given the limitations of this case, where the recommended adjustments were not followed by the parents, it is crucial to emphasize that the administration of the preparation should be discontinued immediately upon the appearance of side effects such as lipoatrophy. Individual reactions to drugs are always possible, and this highlights the need for clinician vigilance in monitoring and addressing adverse effects promptly during treatments with LAGH.
Decoding Urinary Tract Infection Trends: A 5-Year Snapshot from Central Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Francisco , Coelho Patrícia , Mateus Sónia , Caseiro Armando , Eideh Hatem , Gonçalves Teresa , Branco Miguel Castelo
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This study analyzes urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a hospital in Central Portugal over a five-year period, focusing on bacterial prevalence, patient demographics, and antibiotic resistance patterns. This investigation aims to provide insights that can guide improved infection control and treatment strategies. Methods: A total of 6161 positive urine cultures collected over five years were examined, with particular emphasis on 2019 due to a peak in infection rates. The analysis explored bacterial prevalence, demographic factors such as sex and clinical service origin, and antibiotic resistance. Special attention was given to hospitalized patients, especially those undergoing invasive procedures, due to their increased vulnerability to infection. Results: This study found that UTIs were more prevalent in female patients, reflecting anatomical susceptibilities. Hospitalized individuals, particularly those requiring invasive procedures, were at greater risk. The predominant bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis, with differences in prevalence by patient sex and service origin. Resistance to Imipenem in E. coli increased, raising concerns about last-resort treatments. However, resistance to other antibiotics declined, suggesting improvements due to recent stewardship measures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, overall antibiotic consumption decreased due to changes in clinical practices. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of strict infection control, targeted prevention measures, and rational antibiotic use to combat resistance. Ongoing surveillance and personalized treatment approaches are essential to improve UTI management and outcomes.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Fatigue Performance in Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Engineered Cementitious Composite Layers and Steel Plates
Authors: Lei Dongsheng , Liu Long , Ma Xingpeng , Luo Mingdi , Gong Yanfen
Published: January 2025

Reinforcing concrete beams with adhesive steel plates is a widely adopted method for enhancing structural performance. However, its ability to significantly improve the load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is constrained and often leads to “over-reinforced” failure. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel composite reinforcement strategy that integrates steel plates in the tensile zone with Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) layers in the compression zone of RC beams. Static and fatigue tests were conducted on the reinforced beams, and a finite element model was developed to perform nonlinear analyses of their structural behavior under cyclic loading. The model incorporates the nonlinear material properties of concrete and rebar, enabling accurate simulation of material degradation under cyclic conditions. The model’s accuracy was validated through comparison with experimental data, demonstrating its effectiveness in analyzing the structural performance of RC beams under cyclic loading. Furthermore, a parametric study demonstrated that increasing the thickness of steel plates and ECC layers substantially improves the beams’ ductility and load-carrying capacity. These findings provide effective reinforcement strategies and offer valuable technical insights for engineering design.
Placental Infection with Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants Leading to Stillbirth: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Snow Miriam A. , Annavajhala Medini K. , Moscovitz Sofia Z. , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Debelenko Larisa
Published: January 2025

SARS-CoV-2 placental infection, also known as placentitis (SP), is an established cause of stillbirth; however, this pathology is rare and its incidence across different viral variants is unknown. We report two new cases of SP-associated stillbirth in the third trimester of pregnancy. The cases were identified by a retrospective review of 84 fetal autopsies performed at our institution from 1 March 2020 to 1 March 2024. In one case, the mother was previously healthy and asymptomatic for COVID-19. In the second case, the mother had a history of multiple sclerosis (MS) and suffered recurrent moderate-to-severe COVID-19. In both cases, the placentas showed SP with massive perivillous fibrin deposition (PVFD), involving more than 90% of placental discs, resulting in placental insufficiency and lethal hypoxic–ischemic injury to the fetuses. Placental tissues were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sequencing revealed the delta variant in Case 1 and omicron XBB.1.515 in Case 2. The data demonstrate that SP, albeit rare, continues to cause intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) across viral variants regardless of the clinical severity of the infection. The persistence of rare cases of SP as COVID-19 becomes globally endemic emphasizes the importance of disease prevention in pregnancy.
Catastrophic Failure Analysis of a Wind Turbine Gearbox by the Finite Element Method and Fracture Analysis
Authors: Martins Jairo Aparecido , Romão Estaner Claro
Published: January 2025

The wind turbine gearbox, used as a multiplier, is one of the main components directly related to a wind turbine’s efficiency and lifespan. Therefore, strict control of the gearbox and its manufacturing processes and even minor improvements in this component strongly and positively impact energy production/generation over time. Since only some papers in the literature analyze the mechanical aspect of wind turbines, focusing on some parts in depth, this paper fills the gap by offering an analysis of the gearbox component under the highest amount of stress, namely relating to the sun shaft, as well as a more holistic analysis of the main gear drives, its components, and the lubrification system. Thus, this work diagnoses the fracture mechanics of a 1600 kW gearbox to identify the main reason for the fracture and how the chain of events took place, leading to catastrophic failure. The diagnoses involved numerical simulation (finite element analysis—FEA) and further analysis of the lubrication system, bearings, planetary stage gears, helical stage gears, and the high-speed shaft. In conclusion, although the numerical simulation showed high contact stresses on the sun shaft teeth, the region with the unexpectedly nucleated crack was the tip of the tooth. The most likely factors that led to premature failure were the missed lubrication for the planetary bearings, a lack of cleanliness in regard to the raw materials of the gears (voids found), and problems with the sun shaft heat treatment. With the sun gear’s shaft, planet bearings, and planet gears broken into pieces, those small and large pieces dropped into the oil, between the gears, and into the tooth ring, causing the premature and catastrophic gearbox failure.
Is Lung Disease a Risk Factor for Sudden Cardiac Death? A Comparative Case–Control Histopathological Study
Authors: Radu Ioana , Farcas Anca Otilia , Voidazan Septimiu , Radu Carmen Corina , Brinzaniuc Klara
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) constitutes approximately 50% of cardiovascular mortality. Numerous studies have established an interrelation and a strong association between SCD and pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study is to examine the presence of more pronounced cardiopulmonary histopathological changes in individuals who died from SCD compared to the histopathological changes in those who died from violent deaths, in two groups with comparable demographic characteristics, age and sex. Methods: This retrospective case–control study investigated the histopathological changes in cardiac and pulmonary tissues in two cohorts, each comprising 40 cases of SCD and 40 cases of violent death (self-inflicted hanging). Forensic autopsies were conducted at the Maramureș County Forensic Medicine Service, Romania, between 2019 and 2020. Results: The mean ages recorded were 43.88 years (SD 5.49) for the SCD cohort and 41.98 years (SD 8.55) for the control cohort. In the SCD cases, pulmonary parenchyma exhibited inflammatory infiltrate in 57.5% (23), fibrosis in 62.5% (25), blood extravasation in 45% (18), and vascular media thickening in 37.5% (15), compared to the control cohort, where these parameters were extremely low. In myocardial tissue, fibrosis was identified in 47.5% (19) and subendocardial adipose tissue in 22.5% (9) of the control cohort. Conclusions: A close association exists between SCD and the histopathological alterations observed in the pulmonary parenchyma, including inflammation, fibrosis, emphysema, blood extravasation, stasis, intimal lesions, and vascular media thickening in intraparenchymal vessels. Both the histopathological modifications in the pulmonary parenchyma and vessels, as well as those in myocardial tissue, were associated with an increased risk of SCD, ranging from 2.17 times (presence of intimal lesions) to 58.50 times (presence of interstitial and perivascular inflammatory infiltrate in myocardial tissue).
Towards Efficient Object Detection in Large-Scale UAV Aerial Imagery via Multi-Task Classification
Authors: Zhuang Shuo , Hou Yongxing , Wang Di
Published: January 2025

Achieving rapid and effective object detection in large-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images presents a challenge. Existing methods typically split the original large UAV image into overlapping patches and perform object detection on each image patch. However, the extensive object-free background areas in large-scale aerial imagery reduce detection efficiency. To address this issue, we propose an efficient object detection approach for large-scale UAV aerial imagery via multi-task classification. Specifically, we develop a lightweight multi-task classification (MTC) network to efficiently identify background areas. Our method leverages bounding box label information to construct a salient region generation branch. Then, to improve the training process of the classification network, we design a multi-task loss function to optimize the parameters of the multi-branch network. Furthermore, we introduce an optimal classification threshold strategy to balance detection speed and accuracy. Our proposed MTC network can rapidly and accurately determine whether an aerial image patch contains objects, and it can be seamlessly integrated with existing detectors without the need for retraining. We conduct experiments on three datasets to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our classification-driven detection method, including the DOTA v1.0, DOTA v2.0, and ASDD datasets. In the large-scale UAV images and ASDD dataset, our proposed method increases the detection speed by more than 30% and 130%, respectively, while maintaining good object detection performance.
Distributed Constrained Optimization Algorithms for Drones
Authors: Liu Hongzhe
Published: January 2025

The present study addresses a critical issue within the realm of drones: the challenge of distributed constrained optimization. Our research delves into an optimization scenario where the decision variable is confined to a closed convex set. The primary objective is to develop a distributed algorithm capable of tackling this optimization problem. To achieve this, we have crafted distributed algorithms for both balanced graphs and unbalanced graphs, with the method of feasible direction employed to address the considered constraint, and the method of estimating left eigenvector to address the unbalance, incorporating momentum elements. We have demonstrated that the algorithms exhibit linear convergence when the local objective functions are both smooth and strongly convex, and when the step-sizes are appropriately chosen. Additionally, the simulation outcomes validate the efficacy of our distributed algorithms.
Information Theoretical Analysis of Quantum Mixedness in a Finite Model of Interacting Fermions
Authors: Monteoliva Diana , Plastino Angelo , Plastino Angel Ricardo
Published: January 2025

In this study, we utilize information theory tools to investigate notable features of the quantum degree of mixedness (Cf) in a finite model of N interacting fermions. This model serves as a simplified proxy for an atomic nucleus, capturing its essential features in a more manageable form compared to a realistic nuclear model, which would require the diagonalization of matrices with millions of elements, making the extraction of qualitative features a significant challenge. Specifically, we aim to correlate Cf with particle number fluctuations and temperature, using the paradigmatic Lipkin model. Our analysis reveals intriguing dependencies of Cf on the total fermion number, showcasing distinct behaviors at different temperatures. Notably, we find that the degree of quantum mixedness exhibits a strong dependence on the total fermion number, with varying trends across different temperature regimes. Remarkably, this dependence remains unaffected by the strength of the fermion–fermion interaction (as long as it is non-zero), underscoring the robustness of the observed phenomena. Through comprehensive numerical simulations, we provide illustrative graphs depicting these dependencies, offering valuable insights into the fundamental characteristics of quantum many-body fermion systems. Our findings illuminate the intricate dynamics of the degree of mixedness, a crucial quantum property, with potential implications for diverse fields ranging from condensed matter physics to quantum information science.
A Novel Hyper-Heuristic Algorithm with Soft and Hard Constraints for Causal Discovery Using a Linear Structural Equation Model
Authors: Dang Yinglong , Gao Xiaoguang , Wang Zidong
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence plays an indispensable role in improving productivity and promoting social development, and causal discovery is one of the extremely important research directions in this field. Acyclic directed graphs (DAGs) are the most commonly used tool in causal modeling because of their excellent interpretability and structural properties. However, in the face of insufficient data, the accuracy and efficiency of DAGs learning are greatly reduced, resulting in a false perception of causality. As intuitive expert knowledge, structural constraints control DAG learning by limiting the causal relationship between variables, which is expected to solve the above-mentioned problem. However, it is often impossible to build a DAG by relying on expert knowledge alone. To solve this problem, we propose the use of expert knowledge as a hard constraint and the structural prior gained via data learning as a soft constraint. In this paper, we propose a fitness-rate-rank-based multiarmed bandit (FRRMAB) hyper-heuristic that integrates soft and hard constraints into the DAG learning process. For a linear structural equation model (SEM), soft constraints are obtained via partial correlation analysis. The experimental results on different networks show that the proposed method has higher scalability and accuracy.
Reconstruction of Multiple Strings of Constant Weight from Prefix–Suffix Compositions
Authors: Yang Yaoyu , Chen Zitan
Published: January 2025

Motivated by studies of data retrieval in polymer-based storage systems, we consider the problem of reconstructing a multiset of binary strings that have the same length and the same weight from the compositions of their prefixes and suffixes of every possible length. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for which unique reconstruction up to the reversal of the strings is possible. Additionally, we present two algorithms for reconstructing strings from the compositions of prefixes and suffixes of constant-length constant-weight strings.
Prescribed Performance Control for High-Order Odd-Rational-Power Nonlinear Systems with Actuator Faults and Unknown Powers
Authors: Sun Yanan , Chen Yong , Li Qiuni , Han Chongchong , Wang Fawei , Liu Zongcheng
Published: January 2025

A global prescribed performance control method is proposed for a class of uncertain high-order odd-rational-power nonlinear systems (a chain of integrators whose power is the ratio of odd integers) with actuator faults, where the high-order odd-rational powers and the parameters of actuator faults are unknown. A new coordinate transformation on the state and tracking errors is introduced based on the tangent function and its inverse function, resulting in a global low-complexity prescribed performance controller. The proposed controller does not require any knowledge of system nonlinearities or powers, and it also does not require the time derivatives of virtual control signals without using any filters, which implies the controller is of low complexity. Finally, two simulation examples, including a practical high-maneuver flight control example, are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
The Effect of Corn Ensiling Methods on Digestibility and Biogas Yield
Authors: Kupryaniuk Karol , Witaszek Kamil , Vaskina Iryna , Filipek-Kaźmierczak Sebastian , Kupryaniuk Jakub , Sołowiej Piotr , Dach Jacek
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of different corn silage preparation methods, namely the traditional and Shredlage methods, on digestibility and biogas yield in anaerobic digestion and its nutritional value—the first complex study of its kind. Key parameters of both silage types were analyzed, including chemical composition, fiber content, and elemental makeup. Methane and biogas production were assessed under standardized fermentation conditions. The results showed that the Shredlage method, characterized by more intensive chopping, led to higher biogas and methane yields per unit of organic dry matter compared to traditional silage. This improvement is attributed to enhanced digestibility due to the lower content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude fiber in Shredlage. An elemental analysis revealed slight differences in carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios, with both silages showing values suitable for efficient fermentation. Despite minor variations in mineral content, Shredlage demonstrated greater efficiency in biogas production, particularly for rapid fermentation processes. The findings underscore the importance of silage preparation techniques in optimizing biogas yield and suggest Shredlage as a superior option for enhancing energy recovery in biogas plants. Future work should explore the economic trade-offs and scalability of these methods.