bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las infracciones de tránsito en Roma y en la actualidad. Algunas consideraciones = Traffic violations in Rome and today. Some considerations
Authors: Juárez Norma Alicia , Peralta Soledad Andrea
Published: December 2024

La organización del territorio conquistado por Roma a partir de las guerras púnicas, hizo necesario un cambio en el esquema de administración. La armónica estructura de Magistraturas, Senado y Comicios  adaptada al resto de la península itálica, no alcanzaría para el extenso territorio que se extendía más allá de suelo itálico. Aparece, entre otras disposiciones, la Lex Iulia Municipalis que dispone normas de ordenación del tránsito y de la utilización del espacio público. En la segunda parte abordaremos la temática de las infracciones de tránsito en nuestro sistema jurídico actual. Realizando una breve cronología sobre la legislación de tránsito en Argentina, la Ley de Tránsito 24.449 con sus modificaciones. Asimismo, realizaremos una síntesis de la implementación de la inteligencia artificial en este ámbito, tema hoy cuestionada, sobre si su aplicación a ciertas áreas resultará o no beneficiosa en la resolución de los problemas entre los ciudadanos.
 
Abstract: The organization of the territory conquered by Rome from the Punic Wars made a change in the administration scheme necessary. The harmonious structure of Magistrates, Senate and Comitia, adapted to the rest of the Italian Peninsula, would not be enough for the extensive territory that extended beyond Italian soil. Among other provisions, the Lex Iulia Municipalis appears, which establishes rules for the organization of traffic and the use of public space.  In the second part we will address the issue of traffic violations in our current legal system. Marking a brief chronology of traffic legislation in Argentina, Traffic Law 24.449 with its modificactions. Likewise, we will carry out a synthesis of the implementation of artificial intelligence in this area, a topic that is questioned today, regarding whether or not its application to certain áreas will be beneficial in solving problems among citizens.
REAL-TIME AND DEEP LEARNING-BASED FATIGUE DETECTION FOR DRIVERS
Authors: Karakan Abdil
Published: December 2024

Among the causes of traffic accidents, driver errors are in the first place. Driver faults are generally considered to be situations such as drunk driving and excessive speeding. However, sleep-deprived and tired driving are also among the leading causes of driver faults. Driving while feeling sleepy and fatigued; Effects such as slow reaction time, decreased awareness, and inability to focus occur. Considering this situation, it is understood that driving while sleepy and tired is at least as dangerous as driving under the influence of alcohol. In this study, a system that works in real-time inside the vehicle constantly monitors the driver and works with high accuracy is proposed. This system is deep learning based and low cost. In the study, the driver's eye and mouth movements were analyzed to determine normal, yawning and fatigue. A data set has been created for this. The data set consists of videos taken at different times and in different ways from 129 volunteers. Videos shot in different formats, quality and sizes were collected, and turned into a single format. Grayscale, tilt addition, blurring, variability addition, noise addition, image brightness change, color vividness change, perspective change, sizing, and position change were added to the photographs that make up the data set. With these additions, the error that may occur due to any distortion that may occur from the camera is minimized. Thus, the accuracy rate in the detection process with images taken from the camera in real-time has been increased. At the same time, a new data set specific to the study was prepared. YOLOv5, YOLOv6, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8 architectures were used in the study. The newest and most used architectural results in the literature are compared. As a result of the study, a 98.15% accuracy rate was obtained in YOLOv8 architecture. It is aimed that the study will be highly effective in preventing traffic accidents.
Trajetória profissional dos egressos dos Programas de Mestrado em Educação da Universidade Miguel de Cervantes
Authors: Rojas Oscar , Vivas Amely , Barrera Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

El presente estudio analiza las trayectorias laborales de graduados de los programas de magíster de la Universidad Miguel de Cervantes de Chile. Un estudio descriptivo, siguiendo la metodología de Yin (2023), permite realizar una investigación empírica profunda sobre un fenómeno actual: las trayectorias laborales de los egresados de la Universidad Miguel de Cervantes. Este enfoque además incorpora el contexto real de sus experiencias, se basó en un estudio descriptivo correlacional. La muestra se compuso por 345 profesionales egresados en ambos programas de Magíster Profesional de Educación de la Universidad Miguel de Cervantes de las cohortes enero, marzo y junio 2021. Se aplicó un cuestionario a la totalidad de los egresados (censo) a los 345 egresados mediante correo electrónico.  Para analizar los datos recopilados, se utilizaron los programas Excel y SPSS versión 19. Los resultados se presentan mediante frecuencias relativas porcentuales, permitiendo comparar el comportamiento de las diferentes variables que conforman la trayectoria laboral.
Dental Dam Isolation for Crown Removal, Atraumatic Tooth Extraction, Immediate Implant Placement, and Restoration Cementation: A Case Study
Authors: Guzman-Perez G , Rojas-Rueda S , Floriani F , Unnadkat A , Fu C-C , Jurado CA
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

This case report describes the clinical protocols for the removal of crowns, tooth extraction, immediate implant placement, and cementation of new crowns, all performed under total or partial isolation with a dental dam.

Clinical Considerations:

The patient’s chief complaint was dissatisfaction with her smile. Radiographic and clinical evaluations led to the recommendation to replace the porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns on the maxillary central and lateral incisors with all-ceramic crowns. Considering the patient’s wide smile, ceramic veneer restorations were also recommended for the maxillary canines and first premolars. An immediate implant placement was advised to replace the fractured maxillary right central incisor.

Conclusions:

Well-planned dental care including crown removal, tooth extraction, immediate implant placement, and cementation of new restorations can be successfully executed under isolation using a dental dam. The isolation improves access, visibility, and hygiene by preventing cross-contamination during the cementation procedure. The final outcome fulfilled the patient’s esthetic demands.
PUBLIC IMPRESSIONS OF THE USE OF SHARIA PEER-TO-PEER LENDING IN PREVENTING ILLEGAL ONLINE LOAN FRAUD
Authors: Aisah Nurul , Rahmawati Nur , Rahmawati Sisca Dian , Syahputra Dewangga Eka , Arum Aulia Galuh Ani Sekar
Published: December 2024

Interest in sharia loans may be significantly lower than regular internet loans. Online Sharia loans are safer than conventional loans as they do not incur interest or usury and do not impose penalties for late payments. This study seeks to ascertain public perceptions regarding the utilization of Sharia-compliant P2P lending as a means to mitigate illicit online loan fraud. The employed methodology is a mixed methods research strategy, specifically quantitative utilizing the TAM model and qualitative through structured interviews, aimed at acquiring deeper insights from relevant sources. This research sample used 167 respondents with the criteria namely people who have knowledge or experience using Sharia P2P Lending. The research findings indicate that trust and comfort affect individuals' views and interest in utilizing P2P syariah lending. Attitudes affect individuals' desire to utilize Sharia P2P Lending, whereas risk perceptions do not influence their attitudes or interests. Moreover, the significance of Sharia P2P Lending is paramount, as it functions by Sharia principles that prioritize justice, transparency, and the avoidance of usury, gharar, and maysir. Digital literacy, particularly in financial matters, is essential to avert illicit online loan fraud.
Migration, Discourse, and Water-Place
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Su Ping
Published: December 2024

Discussions of migration are often dominated by negative discourses, focusing on issues such as security, threats, and governance, while ignoring the function of migration in renewing and creating local cultures, knowledges, and place itself. This article uses securitisation theory to analyse the causes and operation strategies of these negative discourses. The article first discusses the role of migration research in the journal Folk, Knowledge, Place, then explores the securitisation of migration and the collusion between discourse and politics of migration. It advocates a bottom-up perspective, rooted in ethnography, to study the politics of scale in migration. Finally, the paper uses migration to expand the concept of place beyond terrestriality and toward an understanding of water-place.
The Impact of Using Virtual Vocabulary Learning Applications on Enhancing Law Students’ Lexical Competence at the Tertiary Level
Authors: Bingol Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Technological advancements have transformed foreign language learning and teaching practices in the 21st century. Correspondingly, numerous online applications have arisen to meet the needs of English learners, one of which is Quizlet, a virtual vocabulary learning initiative. Having seen the growing popularity of Quizlet, the researcher investigated its effectiveness in developing 60 law students’ lexical competence within 12 weeks in the spring semester of the 2023-2024 academic year at a private university in Iraq. The participants were chosen via convenience sampling to represent the control and experimental groups. Control group students’ vocabulary lessons were based on a paper-based format through coursebooks and worksheets; however, experimental group students’ lessons were enriched with Quizlet to learn legal terminology through flashcards, games, tests, and self-study folders in an Academic English course. Vocabulary exams, questionnaires, and interviews were used to collect data using mixed methods research design principles. Quantitative data were analyzed by SPSS via descriptive statistics or independent samples t-test, respectively; however, qualitative data gathered by interviews were categorized under specific themes through content analysis using MAXQDA. The findings revealed that Quizlet-enriched instruction paid off with higher vocabulary exam marks, satisfaction, and motivation rates. On the other hand, control group students did not progress noticeably. The findings of this study can offer specific implications for educators interested in integrating technological tools into vocabulary lessons.
PERAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN KELUARGA DI DESA
Authors: Hutagalung David
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa tinggi tingkat partisipasi ibu rumah tangga mendukung peningkatan ekonomi keluarga di Desa Sei Semayang. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui bagaimana Partisipasi Ibu Rumah Tangga dalam Mendukung Peningkatan Ekonomi Keluarga di Desa Sei Semayang yang berjumlah sekitar 63 Kepala Keluarga. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Desa Sei Semayang diperoleh bahwa partisipasi seorang ibu rumah tangga dalam usaha peningkatan ekonomi keluarga masih sudah cukup baik, yaitu dalam perencanaan PNS memberikan partisipasi perencanaan 72%, pelaksanaan 82%, pemanfaatan 56%, dan evaluasi 56%. Pedagang memberikan partisipasi perencanaan 55%, pelaksanaan 59%, pemanfaatan 61%, dan evaluasi 59%. Jasa memberikan partisipasi perencanaan 60%, pelaksanaan 67,5%, pemanfaatan 52,50%, dan evaluasi 42,50%. Petani memberikan partisipasi perencanaan 50%, pelaksanaan 58,33%, pemanfaatan 57,78%, dan evaluasi 45,56%. Serta buruh memberikan partisipasi perencanaan 66,67%, pelaksanaan 60,83%, pemanfaatan 60%, dan evaluasi 48,33%. Hal menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam peningkatan ekonomi keluarga secara keseluruhan sudah cukup tinggi.Kata Kunci: desa, ibu rumah tangga, ekonomi, keluarga
Knowledge, Perception and Practice of Mercury-Containing Cosmetics among Malaysian Adults
Authors:   Department of Clinical Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Zakaria Fatin Nur Atikah , Md Hussin Nur Sabiha , Abdul Jalil Aina Amanina
Published: December 2024

Locally, mercury-containing products are easily accessible due to a lack of regulations. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of mercury-containing cosmetics usage among Malaysian adults,
identify their knowledge of the negative effects of the products, and assess their perception of skin tone preferences, focusing on sociodemographic factors. The study was conducted cross-sectionally among Malaysian adults. The questionnaire was divided into four dimensions; i) sociodemographic factors, ii) knowledge of mercury-containing cosmetics, iii) perception of skin tone preferences, and iv) practice of usage of mercury-containing cosmetics. Descriptive analyses, t-tests, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s Chi-square test were performed by using SPSS. A 100% response rate was achieved, and they were predominantly female (82.0%) and Malay (94.3%). The participants’ knowledge score and perception score were 25.81/30 (5.62) and 35.83/50 (8.44) respectively. The respondents were highly knowledgeable about mercury-containing cosmetics and had high positive perceptions regarding skin perception and preference. The selection of mercury-containing cosmetics is influenced by factors including the list of ingredients, affordability, and availability on online platforms. The practice of usage of mercury-containing cosmetics shows a low prevalence (7.25%). Significant differences were found in perception scores of skin preferences based on gender (p=0.024) and geographic region (p=0.023) but not in knowledge scores. Malaysian adults have a low prevalence of mercury-containing cosmetics usage, possibly due to knowledge of its adverse effects and positive skin tone preferences. Future studies are needed to establish the association between usage prevalence, knowledge, and perception. Gender and geographic factors significantly influence perceptions, necessitating targeted awareness campaigns.
Una historia sonora de la intervención francesa. Ficciones desde un taller para fonógrafos y bicicletas (México, 1902-1920)
Authors: Díaz Frene Jaddiel
Published: December 2024

A inicios del siglo XX, un actor y mecánico de fonógrafos y bicicletas de nombre Julio Ayala se dedicó a recrear en cilindros de cera algunos episodios históricos de la independencia y la intervención francesa. Junto a un grupo de actores, músicos populares y amigos, el humilde empresario grabó representaciones fonográficas en las que se fingían las voces de Hidalgo, la princesa Inés de Salm-Salm y el presidente Benito Juárez. El éxito de los fonogramas condujo a diversas empresas estadounidenses como National Phonograph, Columbia Record y Victor Talking Machine Company a comercializarlos, tanto en México como en Estados Unidos. En este artículo intentaremos reconstruir esta historia olvidada de la cultura política popular. Además de reconstruir la vida de Ayala como mecánico e inventor y sus relaciones con las compañías discográficas, me interesa captar las estrategias narrativas empleadas en sus escenificaciones acústicas.
Madame Calderón de la Barca. Sobre Raúl Figueroa Esquer (edición, revisión de la traducción, prólogo y notas), Madame Calderón de la Barca, La corte de Isabel II y la revolución de 1854 en Madrid
Authors: Pi-Suñer Llorens Antonia
Published: December 2024

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The impact of digital green technology innovation in manufacturing on firm sustainability in China
Authors: Jiao Ziyi , Boonlua Sutana , Peemanee Jindarat
Published: December 2024

More and more scholars are paying attention to the economic and environmental responsibilities undertaken by firms. Firm sustainability has become a hot topic in current research. This article aims to analyze the impact of various dimensions of digital green technology innovation on firm sustainability. The “digital green technology innovation” in this research is a new variable explored based on previous research, and the five dimensions of the variable are created based on the POLE theory. This research uses authoritative Chinese databases to collect data on various dimensions of digital green technology innovation and sustainable development of companies, and uses a fixed effects model for regression analysis. The results indicate that the implementation of various dimensions of digital green technology innovation will promote the firm sustainability. Moreover, in firms with strong profitability, this performance is significantly better than in those with weak profitability.
Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Pusher, Tractor and Schottel Types of the Azipod Propulsion System
Authors: Gholami Hossein , Ghassemi Hassan , He Guanghua , Shamsi Reza
Published: December 2024

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the hydrodynamics performance of the three types (pusher, tractor and Schottel) of the azimuthing podded drive (AZIPOD) electric propulsion system. To evaluate the propulsive performance of the podded drive system, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) solver is employed. KP-505 propeller as the research object, hydrodynamic open-water characteristics of this propeller was first calculated, and agreed well with test results. Then, numerical simulation of the thrust, torque and efficiency of the three types of the AZIPOD systems (Pusher, Tractor and Schottel) with KP-505 propeller at various yaw angles (from -30° to +30° with 15° increments) and different advance coefficients were compared. For the Schottel propulsion system, the effects of the number of propeller blades and the blade pitch-diameter ratio on performance are presented and discussed. Finally, the effect of sturt, support element and pod for pusher type on the pressure coefficient, thrust and torque of one blade and whole blades is investigated during one cycle.
An Energy Self-Sufficient Underwater Profiling Buoy Powered by Ocean Thermal Energy
Authors: Wang Xiaohao , Yang Yanan , Yin Songwei , Meng Xianghui
Published: December 2024

Unmanned underwater vehicles play an important role in ocean observation and exploration; however, they do not have long endurance due to energy limitations. This paper proposes an energy self-sufficient underwater profiling buoy that uses ocean thermal energy for buoyancy propulsion and as a power supply, to enable long-term ocean observations. Based on the principle of operation of the proposed buoy, an energy balance model is established that is used to calculate the energy captured by the heat exchangers and the energy consumption of the devices on board. The energy self-sufficiency rate is defined as an indicator for evaluating the impact of the key configuration parameters of the buoy on the energy self-sufficiency performance, which depends on the diving speed, diving depth, and system pressure of the accumulator. In addition, a buoyancy compensation unit with two accumulators is installed on the buoy to compensate for the impact of variations in seawater density on the buoyancy propulsion performance and to overcome buoyancy loss. When the diving speed of the buoy is around 0.24 m/s and the diving depth is above 900 m, the accumulator has an initial pressure of 10 MPa, a driving pressure of 11.1–17.9 MPa, and a charging pressure of 20 MPa, and the energy self-sufficiency rate of the buoy exceeds 100%. This work provides theoretical guidance for realising energy self-sufficiency for other unmanned underwater vehicles.
Stress Assessment of a Steel Bullet LPG Tank Under Differential Settlement Based on Geodetic Measurements and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Ferenc Tomasz , Gierasimczyk Rafał , Mikulski Tomasz
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an analysis of a steel bullet LPG tank in operation at a base in Poland. The structure was set on a sand-gravel pillow and rigid concrete slab, and its settlement was periodically measured at five measuring points along the structure. After a few years, differential settlement was observed. Based on geodetic data, we attempt to assess the current stress level in the structure. The proposed methodology uses a sensitivity analysis apparatus. A numerical model of the structure and sand-gravel pillow is analysed using the finite element method, and the impact of variation in the stiffness of the sand-gravel pillow on the vertical displacement of the tank is determined. The algorithm involves six iterations of calculations, and after each iteration, the stiffness modified sand-gravel pillow is determined. After the sixth iteration, the vertical displacement in the FEM model is found to be similar to the measured values in the real structure. The results obtained after the last iteration are used to assess the stress state in the bullet tank’s shell structure.
Three-dimensional Feature Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Comparison with Two-Dimensional Algorithm
Authors: Tomoaia Raluca , Lwin May , Soo Chin Yit , Anderton Thomas , Kamani Christel , Javed Wasim , Wahab Ali , Plein Sven
Published: December 2024

Aim

The aims of this study were to: 1) determine whether 2D and 3D feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (FT-CMR) are equivalent in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 2) compare 3D FT-CMR values in HCM and healthy volunteers and 3) compare FT-CMR in most frequent HCM phenotypes.

Methods

Consecutive patients with HCM and LVEF>55% were included in the study. FT-CMR parameters included left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential (GCS) and radial (GRS) strain, which were calculated using both 2D and 3D FT-CMR derived from multi-slice 2D cine image stacks in the LV short and long axis plane. FT was calculated using Circle Cvi42 software.

Results

Sixty HCM patients (66.7% male, mean age 58.2 ± 15.8 years) were included (56.7% septal HCM, 25% apical HCM). FT analysis was feasible in all individuals. Seventy-two percent of patients exhibited focal fibrosis in 2 [0-4] segments. As previously reported for healthy individuals, myocardial strain evaluated using 3D FT-CMR was consistently lower compared to 2D FT-CMR. The highest level of agreement was noted between the 2D and 3D values of GCS, with a mean difference of -0.3% (95% CI -1.81 to 1.2, p=0.68), while GRS showed the lowest agreement. In patients with apical HCM GLS 3D was significantly more reduced than in patients with septal HCM (-7.4% ± 4.1 vs. -10.5% ± 2.9, p=0.004).

Conclusions

3D FT-CMR is feasible in HCM patients. 3D FT is advantageous as it does not require additional scanning time, making it suitable for HCM patients with limited acoustic window and abnormal geometry.
Current issues of administrative responsibility: security aspects
Authors: Pligin Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: December 2024

The object of the study is the administrative responsibility, considered from the point of view of ensuring security. The author identifies the levels of scientific study of administrative responsibility in the context of security, which include: the administrative responsibility for violations of the requirements of certain types of security; the administrative responsibility in the field of security, its individual types; the administrative responsibility in the structure of the mechanism of legal influence, as one of the elements of the regulatory mechanism; the administrative responsibility as a means of ensuring security; the administrative responsibility as a guarantee of ensuring and maintaining the necessary level of security in a certain area of regulation. Special attention is paid to topical issues of administrative responsibility from the point of view of ensuring security. The administrative responsibility is justified from the standpoint of its place in the system of legal responsibility in general and in the structure of public legal responsibility, in particular. When working on the topic, the following research methods were used: methods of systematic and comparative analysis, methods of legal formalization, structuring and classification. The main conclusions of the author are the provisions related to the identification and legal justification of several levels of scientific positioning of administrative responsibility in the context of security. The author highlights several key issues in the research of administrative responsibility in the context of security. Among them: contradictory trends in the direction of strengthening punishments and expanding the scope of relations protected by administrative law and at the same time liberalizing administrative responsibility on the part of the law enforcement officer; issues of delineation of administrative and criminal responsibility, problems of independence of administrative responsibility in the structure of public legal responsibility; issues of the effectiveness of the institution of administrative responsibility from the point of view of ensuring security as a legally protected value. All these issues are considered in the context of reforming the legislation on administrative responsibility and the upcoming "third" codification. A special contribution of the author is the construction of a theoretical model of the relationship between the institution of administrative responsibility and the concept of security.
Homophobic comments on @gitasav’s instagram content for the international women’s day 2023
Authors: Muqsith Munadhil Abdul , Pratama Putra Pratama , Istiyanto S Bekti
Published: December 2024

This research aims to understand how homophobic comments on @gitasav’s Instagram account in the context of International Women’s Day 2023 are analysed using netnographic study with the application of computer-mediated communication (CMC) theory, feminist standpoint theory, and reception theory. There is a tendency for netizens to accept Gitasav's content in her uploads celebrating International Women's Day 2023, although, at the same time, negative comments such as insults, sarcasm, foul language, disappointment, and homophobia towards Gitasav and the LGBTQ+ community also still fill the comments section, taking the point of view that Gitasavsults from this research showed that 44% of the comments were positive, followed by 35% of neutral comments. Then the negative comments amounted to 20%. Positive negative comments were 1% and negative positive comments were 0.19%. After being classified with Reception Theory by Stuart Hall, 236 comments were in the Hegemony Dominant position, 107 comments were in the Opposition position and 8 comments were in the Negotiation position. There is a tendency for netizens to accept Gitasav's content in her uploads celebrating International Women's Day 2023, although, at the same time, negative comments such as insults, sarcasm, foul language, disappointment, and homophobia towards Gitasav and the LGBTQ+ community also still fill the comments section, taking the point of view that Gitasav is no longer seen as the Muslim woman she has traditionally been with LGBTQ community.
The four W: participative communication strategy in Bugel urban village, Salatiga
Authors: Darmastuti Rini , Kristiyani Dian Novita , Winarso Sri , Christianto Erwin , Utami Birmanti Setya
Published: December 2024

Community development has shifted from short-term, top-down programs to community empowerment programs that are deeply rooted in the community, as a result, the communication strategies used have also changed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the participative communication model for community empowerment in Bugel Urban Village, Salatiga. This paper is based on the results of research conducted using Bugel Urban Village, Salatigawere collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and focus group discussions. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative analysis. The results of this study are first, Bugel Urban Village has health facilities, education, culture, arts, MSMEs, and tourist attractions that have potential for regional development. Second, the communication strategy that can be used to empower the Bugel community is a communication strategy with an informal approach that emphasises community participation. Third, the communication model for community empowerment in Bugel Urban Village is a participative communication model with a 4W approach (wangun, waras, wareg and wasis). It is urgent to apply these findings, because the 4W approach focuses on structure, health, satisfaction, and wisdom can be used as a reference for participative communication models for communities in Bugel Urban Village, Salatiga.
Meneropong aktivisme digital akun @rahasiagadis melalui kajian komunikasi bermediasi komputer
Authors: RM Girsang Lasmery , Roseline
Published: December 2024

The digital era has made social media a powerful platform for social activism. One issue that is increasingly getting attention is the issue of sexual violence against women. The issue of sexual violence is one of the many issues that is of public concern because the number of acts of sexual violence is increasing along with. There were 4280 cases of sexual violence that occurred in Indonesia throughout 2023 (data collected by the Indonesia Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection). To understand this phenomenon, researchers targeted Instagram which actively highlights the issue of sexual violence that occurs in the realm of digital activism on social media. The Instagram account @rahasiagadis uses their social media platform to carry out digital activism, specifically focusing on highlighting the issue of sexual violence against women. By virtual ethnography (netnography), data collection was carried out through interviews with seven informants from @rahasiagadis and online observations (from May to August 2023) to observe the content uploaded, responses from followers, and comments that describe the involvement and views of the community on the issue of sexual violence and after that the interview data was documented verbatim. Meanwhile, data analysis relies on triangulation. By integrating a gender perspective by paying special attention to women's ways, the results of the study (which will be implications for future gender studies and digital activism) show that @rahasiagadis has succeeded in creating an active virtual community and building CMC usage goals that encourage meaningful participation and meet the psychosocial needs of followers.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ ТРИАЛКИЛФОСФИТОВ В СОСТАВЕ РЕАКЦИОННЫХ СМЕСЕЙ И ИХ ХРОМАТОМАСС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА
Authors: Зенкевич Игорь Георгиевич , Носова Влада Эдуардовна
Published: December 2024

Взаимодействие алифатических спиртов ROH с трихлоридом фосфора в отсутствие оснований приводит к образованию исключительно диалкилфосфонатов (RO)2PHO. Для получения недостаточно подробно охарактеризованных до настоящего времени триалкилфосфитов (RO)3Р, рН реакционных смесей регулировали добавками N,N-диметиланилина (рКа 5.1 ± 0.1). Идентификация триалкилфосфитов непосредственно в реакционных смесях без препаративного выделения предполагает совместное рассмотрение их масс-спектров и газохроматографических индексов удерживания при условии определения всех остальных компонентов таких смесей. Необходимость соблюдения этого условия привела к идентификации нескольких гомологов ранее не охарактеризованного ряда 2-алкокси-1,3,2-диоксафосфоланов, образующихся из случайной примеси этиленгликоля. Использование таких объединенных хроматомасс-спектрометрических параметров как гомологические инкременты индексов удерживания позволяет отличать триалкилфосфиты от изобарных диалкилфосфонатов [соединения обоих рядов относятся к гомологической группе у = 12, y º M(mod14)]. Несмотря на отсутствие в масс-спектрах с ионизацией электронами (ИЭ) сигналов молекулярных ионов, возможна оценка молекулярных масс триалкилфосфитов. Кроме того, сопоставление гомологических инкрементов индексов удерживания показывает, что по сравнению с диалкилфосфонатами триалкилфосфиты значительно менее полярны.

The interaction of aliphatic alcohols ROH with phosphorous trichloride at the absence of bases leads to the exclusive formation of dialkyl phosphonates (RO)2PHO. The same reaction can be used for synthesis of trialkyl phosphites (RO)3Р with controlling the pH of reaction mixtures by adding of N,N-dimethyl aniline (рКа 5.1 ± 0.1). The identification of trialkyl phosphites directly in mixtures without preliminary isolation is possible, but it implies the joint considering their mass spectra and gas chromatographic retention indices at the condition of identification of all constituents of these mixtures. The necessity for compliance with this condition has led to the identification of few homologues of previously not-characterized series of 2-alkoxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholanes, which formed from the ethylene glycol as random impurity in N,N-dimethyl aniline. Using such joint GC/MS analytical parameters as homologous increments of retention indices allows distinguishing trialkyl phosphites from isobaric dialkyl phosphonates [both series belong to the same homologous group у = 12, y º M(mod14)]. The absence of the signals of molecular ions in EI mass spectra of trialkyl phosphites does not preclude the evaluation of their molecular weights. Besides that, the comparison of homologous increments explains the less polarity of trialkyl phosphites comparing with dialkyl phosphonates.
Определение фалькаринола методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с тандемным масс-спектрометрическим детектированием
Authors: Жестовская Е.С. , Антохин А.М. , Таранченко В.Ф. , Василевский С.В. , Аксенов А.В. , Ставрианиди А.Н. , Родин И.А. , Шпигун О.А.
Published: December 2024

В работе представлены результаты массспектрометрического исследования поведения фалькаринола в условиях ионизации электрораспылением и химической ионизации при атмосферном давлении в режиме регистрации положительных ионов. Разработан способ определения фалькаринола в лекарственном растительном сырье и препаратах на его основе с использованием метода высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в сочетании с тандемной массспектрометрией высокого разрешения. Проведена апробация предложенного подхода при анализе коммерчески доступных образцов сухого растительного сырья и готовых экстрактов из корней растений семейства Аралиевых (Araliaceae). Диапазон линейности градуировочной зависимости стандартных растворов составил 0.0550мкгмл1, предел обнаружения 0.01мкгмл1.

Peculiar properties of highenergy dissociation mass spectra of falcarinol recorded by using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization (positive mode) were studied Technique of falcarinol determination in medicinal plant materials and preparations based on it was developed using highperformance liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed method has been successfully tested on commercially available samples of dry plant materials and prepared extracts from the roots of plants of the Araliaceae family (Araliaceae). It was found that calibration curve was linear in the concentration range between 0.05 g mL1 and 50 g mL1, limits of detection was 0.01 g mL1.
Новые подходы к масс-спектрометрическому анализу водных растворов электролитов при использовании газодинамического интерфейса с газовой струёй на входе во времяпролётный масс-спектрометр с ортогональным вводом ионов
Authors: Разников В.В. , Зеленов В.В. , Апарина Е.В. , Сулименков И.В. , Пихтелев А.Р.
Published: December 2024

В статье описываются результаты исследования воздействия сверхзвуковой газовой струи, сформированной внутри цилиндрического канала и пропущенной через источник электронной ионизации, на образование и экстракцию анализируемых ионов из жидкости, подаваемой через капилляр внутрь радиочастотного квадруполя, который сопряжён с времяпролётным масс-спектрометром с ортогональным вводом ионов. Полученные результаты подтверждают перспективность использования сверхзвуковой струи для создания высокоэффективного источника ионов из жидкости, подаваемой в область вакуума 10-4 Торр.
Исследование метаболизма нового синтетического каннабиноида MMB-022 в моделях in vivo и in vitro методом жидкостной хроматомасс-спектрометрии
Authors: А.М. Григорьев , Н.А. Крупина , Е.В. Никитин , С.Е. Грибкова , В.А. Калашников
Published: December 2024

В конце 2019 года на рынке психоактивных средств в Российской Федерации зафиксировано появление синтетического соединения, идентифицированного как метил 3-метил-2-(1-(пент-4-енил)-1H-индол-3-карбоксамидо)бутаноат и получившего краткое название MMB-022. Новое соединение обладает значительным структурным подобием с многими членами семейства синтетических каннабиноидов и, следовательно, может формировать соответствующие психоактивные эффекты. Редкой структурной особенностью MMB-022 является наличие двойной связи на конце N-алкилиндольной цепи. Учитывая интенсивный метаболизм синтетических каннабиноидов, выбор биомаркеров употребления MMB-022 ограничен его метаболитами. В условиях отсутствия информации о метаболизме нового соединения для человека, в данной работе представлены результаты структурной идентификации метаболитов, полученных в модельных экспериментах при экспонировании крыс и при ферментации MMB-022 на печеночных микросомах человека. Предполагаемые структуры выявленных метаболитов определяли методом жидкостной хроматографии с двумя масс-спектрометрами (квадруполь-времяпролетный и ионной ловушкой). В моче крыс найдены продукты гидролиза, гидроксилирования, карбоксилирования, образования дигидродиола на N-пентенильном остатке и N-депентелирования. Большинство метаболитов подтверждены in vitro. Полученные хроматомасс-спектрометрические характеристики метаболитов MMB-022 могут использоваться при рутинном анализе человеческой мочи.

At the end of 2019, the appearance of a synthetic compound identified as methyl 3-methyl-2-(1-(pent-4-enyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (briefly named MMB-022) was observed on the market of psychoactive drugs in the Russian Federation. The new compound has significant structural similarity to many members of the synthetic cannabinoid family and, therefore, can form corresponding psychoactive effects. A rare structural feature of MMB-022 is the presence of a double bond at the end of the N-alkylindole chain. Taking into account the intensive metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids, the choice of MMB-022 biomarkers is limited by its metabolites. In the absence of information on the metabolism of the MMB-022 in humans, this paper presents the results of structural identification of metabolites obtained in model experiments during rat exposure and fermentation of MMB-022 with human liver microsomes. The metabolites were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography with two mass spectrometers such as quadrupole-time-of-flight and ion trap. The products of hydrolysis, hydroxylation, carboxylation, formation of dihydrodiol on the N-pentenyl moiety and N-depentenylation were found in the rat urine. Most of the metabolites have been confirmed in vitro. The obtained chromatography/mass spectrometry features of MMB-022 metabolites can be used for routine analysis of human urine.
Ионно-молекулярные реакции сложных эфиров карбоциклических спиртов в масс-спектрометре «прямого анализа в режиме реального времени» (DART)
Authors: С.В. Горяинов , С. Эспарза , Д.И. Жиляев , Н.Ю. Половков , Р.С. Борисов , В.Г. Заикин
Published: December 2024

Изучено взаимодействие ацильных производных карбоциклических спиртов стероидного строения с азотистыми основаниями в источнике ионов масс-спектрометра с «прямым анализом в реальном времени» (DART). Показано, что в случае сложных эфиров, протонирование которых в плазме DART сопровождается элиминированием соответствующей кислоты (ацильные производные холестерина, β-ситостерина и эстрадиола), происходит дальнейшее взаимодействие образующегося катиона с азотистым основанием, приводящее к формированию производного со связанным зарядом. В случае ацетата кортизона и дипропионата бетаметазона указанный эффект не наблюдается, что согласуется с отсутствием ионов дезацильных производных в их масс-спектрах DART.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПРОДУКТОВ КОНВЕРСИИ ФОСФОРОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ОТРАВЛЯЮЩИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛАХ МЕТОДОМ ВЫСОКОЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ ЖИДКОСТНОЙ ХРОМАТОГРАФИИ С ТАНДЕМНЫМ МАСС-СЕЛЕКТИВНЫМ ДЕТЕКТИРОВАНИЕМ
Authors: М.А. Ленинский , Е.И. Савельева , Г.В. Каракашев , И.А. Васильева , Н.А. Самченко
Published: December 2024

Завершив программу по уничтожению химического оружия (ХО) в сентябре 2017 года, Российская Федерация приступила к перепрофилированию объектов по уничтожению ХО (далее – предприятия УХО) для дальнейшего использования их в гражданских целях. Важным мероприятием при перепрофилировании предприятий УХО является оценка возможного остаточного загрязнения и выявления незафиксированных фактов контаминации инфраструктуры этих предприятий фосфорорганическими отравляющими веществами (ФОВ) или реакционными массами (РМ) от их. В настоящей работе представлена процедура многоцелевого скрининга 11 продуктов конверсии трех ФОВ нервно-паралитического действия: O-изобутил-S-(2-диэтиламиноэтил) метилфосфонотиоата (VR), изопропилового эфира фторангидрида метилфосфоновой кислоты (зарин, GB) и пинаколилового эфира фторангидрида метилфосфоновой кислоты (зоман, GD) и определение самого VR (как наиболее персистентного ФОВ нервно-паралитического действия) в строительных материалах. Скрининг всех аналитов, значительно различающихся по физико-химическим свойствам, проводится в рамках одного анализа методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с тандемным масс-селективным детектированием (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС) и предлагается для использования при отборе смывов с поверхностей и твердых проб конструкционных материалов различного матричного состава.

After completing the program for the destruction of chemical weapons (CW) in September 2017, the Russian Federation began to re-profiling of CW destruction facilities for their further use for civilian purposes. An important measure in the re-profiling of these facilities is the assessment of possible residual contamination and the identification of unrecorded facts of contamination with organophosphorus toxic substances (OPT) or reaction masses (RM) from the neutralization of the infrastructure of the former CW destruction facilities. This paper presents a procedure for a multipurpose screening of 11 conversion products of three OP nerve agents: O-isobutyl-S-(2-diethylaminoethyl)methylphosphonothioate (VR), isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid (sarin, GB), and pinacolyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid (soman, GD) and of VR itself (as the most persistent OP nerve agents) in building materials. Screening of all analytes that significantly differ in their physicochemical properties is carried out within a single analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass-selective detection (HPLC-MS / MS) and is proposed for use in the selection of flushes from surfaces and solid samples of structural materials of various matrix composition.
Дериватизация c введением фиксированного заряда для анализа низкомолекулярных олигопептидов методом масс-спектрометрии МАЛДИ
Authors: Н.Ю. Половков , А.П. Топольян , В.В. Ильюшенкова , А.Д. Данилов , М.Е. Зименс , Р.С. Борисов , В.Г. Заикин
Published: December 2024

Ранее описанный дериватизационный подход на основе взаимодействия соединений с первичной аминогруппой и катиона трис-(2,6-диметоксифенил)метилия предложен для увеличения эффективности (десорбции/)ионизации низкомолекулярных олигопептидов в условиях масс-спектрометрии МАЛДИ. Полученные результаты показали, что применение данного метода позволяет добиться увеличения выхода ионов, а большой инкремент вводимой группы выводит целевые сигналы из зашумленной низкомолекулярной области масс-спектра. Изучение основных направлений фрагментации полученных производных в условиях активации соударением позволило выявить серии ионов, пригодных для установления аминокислотной последовательности пептидов.
Исследование стабильности аддуктов сернистого иприта с белками плазмы крови методом тандемной газовой хроматомасс-спектрометрии
Authors: М.Д. Шачнева , Н.Л. Корягина , Е.И. Савельева
Published: December 2024

Разработана и валидирована экспрессная методика определения сернистого иприта, регенерированного из аддуктов с белками плазмы крови. Методика основана на выделении, промывке и высушивании белка из 0.5 мл плазмы крови, обработке белка концентрированной соляной кислотой, внесении в гидролизат внутреннего стандарта (нафталина-D8), экстракции иприта и внутреннего стандарта из гидролизата гексаном, концентрировании экстракта и анализе методом газовой хроматографии с тандемным масс-селективным детектированием. Методика характеризуется линейным диапазоном определяемых концентраций аналита 1–100 нг мл–1, приемлемой воспроизводимостью и доказанной селективностью (отсутствие значимого влияния матрицы на результаты анализа). Предел детектирования и предел количественного определения установлены на уровне 0.5 нг мл–1 и 1 нг мл–1 по внесенному в плазму иприту, соответственно. С применением методики исследована стабильность плазмы крови, экспонированной ипритом, при хранении образцов при 4 и 30 °C в течение 35 суток. Установлено, что при содержании иприта в плазме крови в концентрациях от 5 до 50 нг мл–1возможность его детектирования сохранялась в течение 35 дней независимо от температуры хранения образцов.
Обзор. Современные подходы к масс-спектрометрическому de novo секвенированию нетриптических пептидов ранидных и хилидных амфибий
Authors: М.Д. Толпина , И.Д. Васильева , Т.Ю. Самгина
Published: December 2024

асс-спектрометрия на сегодняшний день стала наиболее востребованным методом анализа биополимеров, прежде всего белков и пептидов. Новые методы ионизации биомолекул, разработанные в конце ХХ века, позволили масс-спектрометрии повысить эффективность исследований науки о живом, прежде всего протеомики. Методы качественного и количественного анализа этих соединений постоянно совершенствуются, становясь надежнее, информативнее, чувствительнее и селективнее. Значительную роль играет автоматизация, основанная на оригинальных алгоритмах машинной обработки масс-спектров, использования баз спектральных данных. Одним из сложных вопросов масс-спектрометрии остается анализ природных полипептидов различных живых организмов, в том числе, и амфибий, для которых геном пока не установлен. В таких случаях необходимо проводить de novo секвенирование пептидов. Крайне актуальной является задача создания метода автоматизированного de novoсеквенирования с использованием исключительно масс-спектрометрии. Речь идет об анализе сверху-вниз (Top-Down), когда комплекс методов тандемной масс-спектрометрии позволяет установить аминокислотную последовательность каждого пептида, используя в качестве ионов-предшественников полипротонированные молекулы, минуя стадию «сборки» через гидролизат этих соединений. Пока остается еще достаточно нюансов, требующих кропотливой ручной расшифровки спектров. Данный обзор посвящен сложностям масс-спектрометрического de novo секвенирования природных пептидов ранидных и хилидных амфибий в качестве типичных представителей земноводных. Обсуждаются вопросы, связанные с посттрансляционными модификациями, дифференциацией изобарных и изомерных аминокислот, циклизацией коротких пептидов, комплементарным использованием популярных методов инициирования фрагментации в тандемной масс-спектрометрии. Продемонстрированы возможности масс-спектрометрии для таксономического исследования земноводных, в частности, для надежной дифференциации близкородственных видов и отдельных популяций ранидных и хилидных лягушек.