bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kepercayaan Terhadap Online Repurchase Intention: Intermediary Trust dan Seller Trust
Authors: Indani Farinza Tiara , Andriani Juwita , Wahyuningsih Adityas
Published: October 2023

In the e-marketplace, trust consists of two categories, namely trust in intermediaries and trust in sellers. This research aims to empirically examine the influence of these two types of consumer trust on purchasing behavior and determine which one is more dominant in explaining purchasing behavior. The research objectives were achieved by conducting a survey among e-marketplace users in Indonesia who have experience shopping on websites such as TikTok Shop, Tokopedia, Lazada, Shopee, Bukalapak, and similar platforms that facilitate trading without selling their own products. The sample in this study consisted of 31 e-marketplace users in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis using Smart Partial Least Square (Smart PLS) version 7.0 software was used to test the hypotheses. The results of this study indicate a significant influence of benevolence and integrity on trust in intermediaries, while competence does not have a significant influence on trust in intermediaries. Trust in intermediaries has a significant influence on trust in the seller community, and trust in intermediaries has a significant influence on the intention to repurchase on the e-marketplace. Trust in the seller community does not have a significant influence on the intention to repurchase on the e-marketplace. Trust in intermediaries does not mediate the influence of trust in sellers on the intention to repurchase in the e-marketplace.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Ownership Structure, and Financial Performance: An Analysis of Taiwan's Food and Catering Industry
Authors: Lin Shu-Yu , Hsu Che-Chiang , Liu Chester Wai-Jen
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This study explores the interplay between corporate social responsibility (CSR), ownership structure, and financial performance within a diverse sample of firms, both listed and OTC, in Taiwan's food and catering industry. The empirical results clearly indicate no direct link between financial performance and the active implementation of CSR initiatives. Yet, the research supports the monitoring hypothesis, convincingly suggesting that block-holder ownership can effectively supervise managerial actions, thereby reducing agency conflicts and potentially improving financial outcomes. Furthermore, the study underscores the convergence-of-interest hypothesis, emphasizing that when managerial insiders’ interests closely align with those of shareholders through equity ownership, it can notably enhance a firm’s financial performance.

JEL classification numbers: G32.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Ownership Structure, Financial Performance.
HISTOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE BODY WALL OF EARTHWORM ALLOLOBOPHORA CALIGINOSA EXPOSED TO DIMETHOATE INSECTICIDES
Authors: Ahmed Nada Al-syed Hassan , Yahya Afrah Yahya Abdulla
Published: October 2023

Dimethoate is an organophosphorus insecticide with contact and systemic action used against a broad range of insects in agriculture. Dimethoate is highly mobile in soil. Its residues have been detected in soils, sediments, and water due to their non-regulated usage practice. Therefore, it affects the beneficial organisms that live in the soil, such as the earthworm. Earthworms are considered as soil engineers because of their ability to modify soils and plant communities, as earthworms ingest large amounts of soil and organic matter, they are continuously exposed to contaminants through their alimentary surfaces. The earthworm Allolobophora caliginosa was exposed to Dimethoate and the concentrations were range from 0.05 to 2.5 ppm. The changes in the body wall were represented by the appearance of vacuolated in the epidermis layer and muscle layers, the epidermis separating from the muscle layer then the cells were destroyed, and the effect increased by increasing the concentration of the pesticides.
Influence of Reading Emotions on the Reading Comprehension of Elementary Pupils
Authors: Abejo Jolina A. , Arriola Sarah Jane S. , Amoroso Sheila E. , Paterno Kuh V.
Published: October 2023

The disproportionately high percentage of underachievers in the Philippines, students fell short of the required reading proficiency and the reports that most of students have lack reading comprehension for both English and Filipino are among the problems faced by educators. This study investigated the influence of reading emotion on reading comprehension in the intermediate grade school students. The respondents to this study were the 100 students from grades 4, 5 and 6 of Tagas Elementary School. The data was obtained using the descriptive survey method, a questionnaire with a rating sheet, checklist and a reading test adapted from Phil IRI. The data were analyzed through weighted mean, and correlation. Which results that most of the pupils possess frustration level on reading comprehension and minimal fall under independent reader. Also the high levels of enjoyment are beneficial for reading comprehension as they typically indicate engagement, motivation, and a willingness to immerse oneself in the reading material. It is encouraging to note that the learners derive enjoyment from their reading experiences, as it may contribute to their overall reading comprehension abilities and foster a love for reading. While moderate levels of anxiety may not significantly hinder reading comprehension, it is important to address and support learners who experience higher levels of anxiety. Nonetheless, ceating a supportive and low-stress reading environment, providing students with strategies to manage anxiety, and addressing individual needs are important considerations to mitigate anxiety-related obstacles to reading comprehension. Educators must ensure that reading materials are diverse, relevant, and cater to the learners’ interests and reading levels, thus reducing boredom and promoting active engagement during reading sessions.
Perbandingan Daya Dan Torsi Sepeda Motor Yamaha Byson 150cc Dengan Knalpot Standar Dan Knalpot Free Flow
Authors: Prayogi Yoga , Prasetyo Imam , Valentino Febi
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The combustion of fuel inside the combustion chamber takes place as an explosion. This process occurs very quickly and makes a very loud or noisy sound. The function of the muffler is as a silencer and regulates the flow direction of combustion gases to flow regularly. The construction of the free flow exhaust is an exhaust without barriers with relatively wasteful fuel consumption, both working on engines with high revs. Previous researchers replaced the exhaust with a size of tenths of a centimeter of a meter, while in this final project used a fifth of a centimeter. The goal to be achieved by the author in writing this final project is to find out the use of free flow exhaust on power and torque on Yamaha Byson 150cc motorcycles. This final project is carried out by the method of taking test data from the dynotest, using the dynotester tool. The test results are the influence of free flow exhaust measuring 25 cm, 30 cm and standard exhaust, resulting in the most optimal increase in power and torque on a 30 cm free flow exhaust with maximum power data of 13.1 HP at 6750 RPM, and maximum torque reaching 15.35 Nm at 4500 RPM, this is due to the influence of silencer length and without any obstacles, namely the catalic converter which makes the vehicle's breath longer so that it can get peak power at engine speed higher ones.

Keywords: α-amylase enzyme; Fennel leaves; Decrease in glucose

Abstrak

A Pembakaran bahan bakar di dalam ruang bakar berlangsung sebagai ledakan. Proses ini terjadi sangat cepat dan menimbulkan suara yang sangat keras atau bising. Fungsi dari knalpot (muffler) adalah sebagai peredam suara dan mengatur arah aliran gas-gas hasil pembakaran agar mengalir dengan teratur. Konstruksi dari knalpot free flow yaitu knalpot tanpa sekat hambatan dengan konsumsi bahan bakar yang relatif boros, baik bekerja pada mesin dengan putaran tinggi. Peneliti terdahulu mengganti knalpot dengan ukuran persepuluh senti meter, sedangkan dalam tugas akhir ini menggunakan perlima sentimeter. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai oleh penulis pada penulisan tugas akhir ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan knalpot free flow terhadap daya dan torsi  pada sepeda motor Yamaha Byson 150cc. Tugas akhir ini dilakukan dengan metode pengambilan data uji dari dynotest, menggunakan alat dynotester. Hasil pengujian yaitu pengaruh knalpot free flow ukuran 25 cm, 30 cm dan knalpot standar, menghasilkan peningkatan daya dan torsi paling optimal pada knalpot free flow ukuran 30 cm dengan data daya maksimum sebesar 13,1 HP pada 6750 RPM, dan torsi maksimum mencapai 15,35 Nm pada 4500 RPM, hal ini karena pengaruh panjang silencer dan tanpa adanya hambatan yaitu catalic converter yang membuat nafas kendaraan lebih panjang sehingga mampu mendapatkan puncak daya pada putaran mesin yang lebih tinggi..

Kata kunci: Kata kunci: Knalpot; Torsi; Daya.
Commerce, Food, and Identity in Seventeenth-Century England and France
Authors: Dyk Garritt Van
Published: October 2023

“Tell me what you eat, and I’ll tell you who you are” was the challenge issued by French gastronomist Jean Brillat-Savarin. Champagne is declared a unique emblem of French sophistication and luxury, linked to the myth of its invention by Dom Pérignon. Across the Channel, a cup of sweet tea is recognized as a quintessentially English icon, simultaneously conjuring images of empire, civility, and relentless rain that demands the sustenance and comfort that only tea can provide. How did these tastes develop in the seventeenth century?

Commerce, Food, and Identity in Seventeenth-Century England and France: Across the Channel offers a compelling historical narrative of the relationship between food, national identity, and political economy in the early modern period. These mutually influential relationships are revealed through comparative and transnational analyses of effervescent wine, spices and cookbooks, the development of coffeehouses and cafés, and the ‘national sweet tooth’ in England and France.
Servants and Servitude in Colonial America
Authors: Lawson Russell M.
Published: October 2023

Thousands of people arrived in the British-American colonies as indentured servants, transported felons, and kidnapped children forced into bound labor. Others already in America, such as Indians, freedmen, and poor whites, placed themselves into the service of others for food, clothing, shelter, and security; poverty in colonial America was relentless, and servitude was the voluntary and involuntary means by which the poor adapted, or tried to adapt, to miserable conditions. From the 1600s to the 1700s, Blacks, Indians, Europeans, Englishmen, children, and adults alike were indentured, apprenticed, transported as felons, kidnapped, or served as redemptioners.

Though servitude was more multiracial and multicultural than slavery, involving people from numerous racial and ethnic backgrounds, far fewer books have been written about it. This fascinating new study of servitude in colonial America provides the first complete overview of the varied lives of the dispossessed in 17th- and 18th-century America, examining colonial American servitude in all of its forms.
Brewster Buffalo
Authors: Braas Nico
Published: October 2023

One of the lesser-known fighter aircraft of World War II was the Brewster Buffalo, or, using the U.S. Navy designation system, the F2A. By some historians the Buffalo is regarded as an outright failure, but this is a rating this stubby little fighter did not deserve.

This book presents an overview of the development and operational use of the Buffalo with many photos including a number not published before.
Convair B-58 Hustler
Authors: Braas Nico
Published: October 2023

When the B-58 Hustler bomber entered service in 1958 it was a very futuristic looking delta wing bomber, creating a lot of sensation. Intended as a successor of the B-47 Stratojet it could reach twice the speed of sound.

However, problems occurred during the development process and costs risings went so out of control that the whole project was almost cancelled a few times. Strategic Air Command was initially against ordering the B-58 for service, not only because of its complexity but also since they saw no advantage of a Mach 2 bomber over other types. Despite this the B-58 entered service at S.A.C. in 1960. It would have a relatively short operational career.
Old Lechers
Authors: Evans Jennifer
Published: October 2023

Chapter Three follows men into old age when men’s potency was supposed to decline and their fertility slowly diminished. The chapter explores the disparity between print and popular culture that derided elderly men for attempting to artificially sustain their sexual prowess and the complex lived reality of sexual health impeded by illness and ageing. It shows that medical practitioners met their clients’ needs without appearing derisive, even though medical writers were careful to note that many older men endured lengthy treatments to no avail. The chapter also considers older men’s lived experience of incontinence and leakiness. Although leaky bodies in this era were sometimes moralized, in older men these symptoms were not framed as failures of men’s self-regulation or restraint.
KONDISI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PULAU PELAPIS, KAYONG UTARA
Authors: Sari Dahlia Wulan , Achis Martua Siregar  , Herti Herawati
Published: October 2023

Ekosistem terumbu karang di Kalimantan Barat salah satunya terdapat di Pulau Pelapis, Kabupaten Kayong Utara. Terumbu karang merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir dengan tingkat keanekaragaman tinggi namun rentan terhadap berbagai gangguan yang bersifat lokal maupun regional. Ekosistem terumbu karang juga menjadi habitat alami beberapa jenis biota laut. Terumbu karang juga berperan sebagai pelindung pantai dan menyediakan jasa untuk pariwisata. Peran ekosistem terumbu karang sangat tergantung pada kondisi ekosistem tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai kondisi terumbu karang menjadi hal yang penting untuk dikaji. Pengamatan ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Pelapis dilakukan menggunakan Scuba pada kedalaman 5-7 m. Pengambilan data terumbu karang dilakukan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT). Data kondisi perairan diperoleh secara insitu dan melalui analisis di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi perairan di Pulau Pelapis sesuai untuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang. Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 4 Tahun 2001, ekosistem terumbu karang pada stasiun 2 termasuk dalam kategori baik dan kategori rusak sedang pada stasiun 1 dengan persentase tutupan karang masing-masing sebesar 62,82% dan 42,13%. Karang keras pada kedua lokasi didominasi oleh coral massive (CM). Data yang diperoleh dapat menjadi salah satu acuan dalam pengelolaan wilayah dan pemanfaatan ruang laut berkelanjutan.
On condition of quasisimilar, quasinormal and pure dominant operators in existence of essential spectra in an infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces
Authors: Rugiri Peter Githara
Published: October 2023

The problem of finding conditions of quasisimilar, pure dominant operators in connection to related essential spectrum has been considered by several authors. In this paper, we show that quasisimilar pure dominant operators have their essential spectra equal to their spectra provided one of the interfering quasiaffinities is compact. We will consider T as a pure dominant operator,  as a compact operator having dense range and let  so that we can investigate the conditions of the spectrum of  and essential spectrum of  In this study an effort will be made to give relevant examples to illustrate conditions of pure parts and hence deduce results of equality of essential spectra.
Higher Education Quality Indicators: A Scale Development Study
Authors: BAHAT İsa , KARAKÜTÜK Kasım
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research is to develop a Likert-type scale aimed at determining how quality indicators in higher education are perceived by faculty members. A pilot study of the research was conducted with the participation of 390 faculty members. As a result of the factor analysis applied to test the construct validity of the 67-item draft scale, a measurement tool consisting of 9 dimensions and 49 items was developed. The first dimension is named Education and Instruction, the second is Structure of the University, the third is Socio-Cultural Opportunities, the fourth is Internationalization, the fifth is Economic Opportunities, the sixth is Student Requirements, the seventh is Accreditation, the eighth is Preferability, and the ninth is Technological Competence. The overall Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale has been calculated as 0.96. Additionally, as a result of the independent groups t-test for the reliability of the scale, it has been determined that items and factors are distinctive between the lower and upper 27% groups; the item-total and item-remainder correlation values are significant. Correlation coefficients between factors and the test-retest correlation coefficient for the entire scale have been found significant. Based on the conducted analyses, the validity and reliability of the scale have been established. The scale has been named the Higher Education Quality Indicators: Faculty Member Scale (HEQIFMS).
Searching for Indigenous Health Information and Knowledges
Authors: Walter Melissa , Ford Caitlyn , Maracle Murray
Published: October 2023

What was the question?

How can we work toward reconciliation by improving search methods for CADTH projects on Indigenous health topics?

What did we do?

We scanned the library and information science literature to find mention of searching for Indigenous topics.

We examined a list of key journals to determine their inclusion in bibliographic databases.

We analyzed a set of evidence reviews to assess their search methods.

We expanded the library collection to include Indigenous research methodologies.

What did we find?

Standard biomedical sources for literature searching do not include the full spectrum of Indigenous health information and Indigenous Knowledges.

Development of research and literature searching methodology for Indigenous health topics must ensure Indigenous Knowledges are respected and Indigenous communities are consulted.

What does this mean?

Current search methods may not adequately retrieve relevant sources of Indigenous health information.

CADTH is taking steps to expand literature search methods to retrieve sources of Indigenous information.

This work aligns with CADTH's commitment to reconciliation as outlined in our Strategic Plan and Statement of Reconciliation.

Further engagement with Indigenous communities is needed to help ensure respect is maintained in CADTH's reconciliation work moving forward.
ЛЕВЕНБЕРГ-МАРКВАРД АЛГОРИТМІ НЕГІЗІНДЕ БЕРІЛГЕН ДЕҢГЕЙДІҢ ҚУАТ БЕРУ СИПАТТАМАЛАРЫ БАР РАДИОТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ ТІЗБЕКТЕРДІ ЕСЕПТЕУ ӘДІСІ
Authors:   «Беларусь Республикасының Әскери Академиясы» білім беру мекемесі, Минск, Беларусь, Бойкачев Павел , Ержан Асель ,   «Ғұмарбек Дәукеев атындағы Алматы энергетика және байланыс университеті» КеАҚ, Алматы, Қазақстан, Шенер Анар ,   «Ғұмарбек Дәукеев атындағы Алматы энергетика және байланыс университеті» КеАҚ, Алматы, Қазақстан, Вырко Сергей ,   «Беларусь Республикасының Әскери Академиясы» білім беру мекемесі, Минск, Беларусь
Published: October 2023

Қазіргі кең жолақты сәйкестендіру теориясы кең жолақты сәйкестендіру тізбектерін синтездеудің бірінші кезеңі беріліс сипаттамаларын (қуат беру коэффициенті) жуықтату екенін білдіреді. Ол үшін ортогональды көпмүшелер қолданылады, мысалы, Чебышев, Баттерворт, Кауэр-Золатарев, Лагер, Эрмит және т.б. бұл тәсіл синтезде классикалық болып табылады, бірақ белгілі бір әдістің шектеулеріне байланысты келісу мәселелерін әрдайым шеше бермейді (ұсынылған көпмүшелер негізінде жуықтайтын функциялардың вариативті өлшемдерінің жеткіліксіз саны). Левенберг-Марквардт алгоритміне негізделген сигнал көзі мен жүктеме кедергісін үйлестіретін тізбектерді есептеудің жаңа әдісі ұсынылады, ол классикалық әдістермен (вариативті өлшемдердің максималды саны) шектелмейді. Мақала алгоритмнің жалпы сипаттамасына арналған, осы алгоритмнің қосымшасы сәйкес келетін тізбектерді синтездеудің тривиалды емес мәселесін келісу диапазонында берілген деңгейдің қуат беру сипаттамасымен және осы диапазоннан тыс берілудің соңғы нөлдерін шешуге арналған және әдістеменің өнімділігі Фано тест тапсырмасының мысалы негізінде тексеріледі.
Perceptions and attitudes towards condom use among cameroonian students
Authors: Mbame Jean pierre , Mote Adolf , KAMMOE YOUDOM Fernand Félix , MAYOUGHOUO Mouliom Adeline , Mpaba MINKAD Théophile , Monfils NGOMBA Patrick , OVASSA Denise , NGANGA Angèle
Published: October 2023

Youth sexuality has become a public health concern world wide. The objective of this study was to identify the perceptions and attitudes surrounding condom use amongCameroonian students. Materials and methods This was a qualitative study based on the theory of planned behavior. Group interviews were conducted with 72 students. Results- Participants identified: a) four advantages of condom use and eightdisadvantages of condom use; b) five groups of people whowouldapprove of condom use and four groups of people whowoulddisapprove of condom use; c) sevenfactorsthatwouldfacilitate condom use and six factorsthatwould not facilitate condom use. The results of this study help to understand the sexual behavior of college students and explain the cause of un protected sex.
Infection prevention practices among EBMT hematopoietic cell transplant centers
Authors: Bekadja Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Les infections bactériennes, fongiques ou virales sont des complications fréquentes au cours des procédures de greffes de cellules souches hématopoïétiques, aussi bien au cours des autogreffes qu’au cours des allogreffes en hématologie. Ces infections, en particulier les sepsis ou les infections fongiques, telles que les aspergilloses invasives,sont responsables d’un taux élevé de décès durant les phases d’aplasie post conditionnement, en particulier myéloablatif. Afin de diminuer la morbi-mortalité des infections, l’introduction du traitement préventif des infections a permis de réduire de façon significative le taux de mortalité lié à la procédure. Par ailleurs, le groupe coopératif européen des greffes EBMT a mis en place un organisme qui permet d’accréditer les activités des centres de greffe au vu des protoc
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AMAMENTAÇÃO EXCLUSIVA NOS PRIMEIROS SEIS MESES DE VIDA DA CRIANÇA
Authors: Peixoto Thaiane Mayara da Silva Almeida , Santos Danuza José dos , Nunes Ronaldo Lima
Published: October 2023

Introdução: O aleitamento materno exclusivo segue sendo uma ação considerada promotora quanto à segurança alimentar, existe recomendações nacionais e internacionais, a amamentação traz o efeito de proteção por conta dos componentes do leite, dos fatores imunológicos e dos bioativos que estão presentes no colostro materno. Objetivo: Demonstrar a importância do aleitamento materno até o sexto mês de vida da criança, além de identificar os motivos do desmame e apontar os benefícios de uma amamentação exclusiva. Materiais e Métodos: Foram realizadas pesquisas nas plataformas oficiais como Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) do Ministério da Saúde, incluindo periódicos em bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais, publicados entre os anos de  2017 a 2023, excluindo periódicos publicados anteriormente a 2017 e que fugiam do tema e objetivo proposto, ao todo foram analisadas 30 publicações, das quais 15 se encaixavam na busca, operadores booleanos AND,  OR e NOT foram utilizados  para  auxiliar nas pesquisas realizadas. Resultado: Apresentam as principais publicações selecionadas acerca da importância da amamentação exclusiva até os seis meses de vida, vantagens acerca da amamentação exclusiva. Conclusão: A necessidade de um cuidado maior em informar sobre a importância do aleitamento e amamentação exclusiva até os seis meses de vida da criança.
Global observations of aerosol indirect effects from marine liquid clouds
Authors: Wall Casey J. , Storelvmo Trude , Possner Anna
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Interactions between aerosols and liquid clouds are one of the largest sources of uncertainty in the historical radiative forcing of climate. One widely shared goal to reduce this uncertainty is to decompose radiative anomalies arising from aerosol–cloud interactions into components associated with changes in cloud-droplet number concentration (Twomey effect), liquid-water-path adjustments, and cloud-fraction adjustments. However, there has not been a quantitative foundation for simultaneously estimating these components with global satellite observations. Here we present a method for assessing shortwave radiative flux anomalies from the Twomey effect and cloud adjustments over ocean between 55∘ S and 55∘ N. We find that larger aerosol concentrations are associated with widespread cloud brightening from the Twomey effect, a positive radiative adjustment from decreasing liquid water path in subtropical stratocumulus regions, and a negative radiative adjustment from increasing cloud fraction in the subtropics and midlatitudes. The Twomey effect and total cloud adjustment have contributed −0.77 ± 0.25 and −1.02 ± 0.43 W m−2, respectively, to the effective radiative forcing since 1850 over the domain (95 % confidence). Our findings reduce uncertainty in these components of aerosol forcing and suggest that cloud adjustments make a larger contribution to the forcing than is commonly believed.
The influence of glacial landscape evolution on Scandinavian Ice Sheet dynamics and dimensions
Authors: Jungdal-Olesen Gustav , Pedersen Vivi Kathrine , Andersen Jane Lund , Born Andreas
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The Scandinavian topography and bathymetry have been shaped by ice through numerous glacial cycles in the Quaternary. In this study, we investigate how the changing morphology has influenced the Scandinavian ice sheet (SIS) in return. We use a higher-order ice-sheet model to simulate the SIS through a glacial period on three different topographies, representing different stages of glacial landscape evolution in the Quaternary. By forcing the three experiments with the same climate conditions, we isolate the effects of a changing landscape morphology on the evolution and dynamics of the ice sheet. We find that early Quaternary glaciations in Scandinavia were limited in extent and volume by the pre-glacial bathymetry until glacial deposits filled depressions in the North Sea and build out the Norwegian shelf. From middle/late Quaternary (~0.5 Ma) the bathymetry was sufficiently filled to allow for a faster southward expansion of the ice sheet causing a relative increase in ice-sheet volume and extent. Furthermore, we show that the formation of The Norwegian Channel during recent glacial periods restricted southward ice-sheet expansion, only allowing for the ice sheet to advance into the southern North Sea close to glacial maxima. Finally, our experiments indicate that different stretches of The Norwegian Channel may have formed in distinct stages during glacial periods since ~0.5 Ma. These results highlight the importance of accounting for changes in landscape morphology through time when inferring ice-sheet history from ice-volume proxies and when interpreting climate variability from past ice-sheet extents.
An Overview of the E3SM version 2 Large Ensemble and Comparison to other E3SM and CESM Large Ensembles
Authors: Fasullo John , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Caron Julie , Rosenbloom Nan , Meehl Gerald , Strand Warren , Glanville Sasha , Stevenson Samantha , Molina Maria , Shields Christine , Zhang Chengzhu , Benedict James , Bartoletti Tony
Published: October 2023

Abstract. This work assesses a recently produced 21-member climate model large ensemble (LE) based on the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) version 2 (E3SM2). The ensemble spans the historical era (1850 to 2014) and 21st Century (2015 to 2100), using the SSP370 pathway, allowing for an evaluation of the model’s forced response (FR). A companion 500-year preindustrial control simulation is used to initialize the ensemble and estimate drift. Characteristics of the LE are documented and compared against other recently produced ensembles using the E3SM version 1 (E3SM1) and Community Earth System Model (CESM) versions 1 and 2.  Simulation drift is found to be smaller, and model agreement with observations is higher, in versions 2 of E3SM and CESM versus their version 1 counterparts. Shortcomings in E3SM2 include a lack of warming from the mid to late 20th Century likely due to excessive cooling influence of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, an issue also evident in E3SM1. Associated impacts on the water cycle and energy budgets are also identified. Considerable model dependence in the FR associated with both aerosol and greenhouse gas responses is documented and E3SM2’s sensitivity to variable prescribed biomass burning emissions is demonstrated. Various E3SM2 and CESM2 model benchmarks are found to be on par with the highest performing recent generation of climate models, establishing the E3SM2 LE as an important resource for estimating climate variability and responses, though with various caveats as discussed herein. As an illustration of the usefulness of LEs in estimating the potential influence of internal variability, the observed CERES-era trend in net top-of-atmosphere flux is compared to simulated trends and found to be much larger than the FR in all LEs, with only a few members exhibiting trends as large as observed, thus motivating further study.
Assessing the impact of CO2 equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system
Authors: Marín-Samper Laura , Arístegui Javier , Hernández-Hernández Nauzet , Ortiz Joaquín , Archer Steve D. , Ludwig Andrea , Riebesell Ulf
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is a Negative Emissions Technology (NET) that shows significant potential for climate change mitigation. By increasing the bicarbonate ion concentration in ocean water, OAE could enhance long-term carbon storage and mitigate ocean acidification. However, the side effects and/or potential co-benefits of OAE on natural planktonic communities remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, a mesocosm experiment was conducted in the oligotrophic waters of Gran Canaria. A CO2-equilibrated Total Alkalinity (TA) gradient was employed in increments of 300 µmol·L-1, ranging from ~2400 to ~4800 µmol·L-1. This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the potential impacts of OAE on planktonic communities under natural conditions. The results show that Net Community Production (NCP), Gross Production (GP), Community Respiration (CR) rates, as well as the metabolic balance (GP:CR), did not exhibit a linear response to the whole alkalinity gradient. Instead, significant polynomial and linear regression models were observed for all rates up to ∆TA1800 µmol·L-1, in relation to the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) concentrations. Notably, the ∆TA1500 and 1800 µmol·L-1 treatments showed peaks in NCP shifting from a heterotrophic to an autotrophic state, with NCP values of 4 and 8 µmol O2 kg-1 d-1, respectively. These peaks and the optimum curve were also reflected in the nanophytoplankton abundance, size-fractionated chlorophyll a and 14C uptake data. Furthermore, abiotic precipitation occurred in the highest treatment after day 21 but no impact on the measured parameters was detected. Overall, a damaging effect of CO2-equilibrated OAE in the range applied here, on phytoplankton primary production, community metabolism and composition could not be inferred. In fact, a potential co-benefit to OAE was observed in the form of the positive curvilinear response to the DIC gradient up to the ∆TA1800 treatment. Further experimental research at this scale is key to gain a better understanding of the short and long-term effects of OAE on planktonic communities.
3D DENSITY-GRADIENT BASED EDGE DETECTION ON NEURAL RADIANCE FIELDS (NERFS) FOR GEOMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Jäger M. , Jutzi B.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Generating geometric 3D reconstructions from Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) is of great interest. However, accurate and complete reconstructions based on the density values are challenging. The network output depends on input data, NeRF network configuration and hyperparameter. As a result, the direct usage of density values, e.g. via filtering with global density thresholds, usually requires empirical investigations. Under the assumption that the density increases from non-object to object area, the utilization of density gradients from relative values is evident. As the density represents a position-dependent parameter it can be handled anisotropically, therefore processing of the voxelized 3D density field is justified. In this regard, we address geometric 3D reconstructions based on density gradients, whereas the gradients result from 3D edge detection filters of the first and second derivatives, namely Sobel, Canny and Laplacian of Gaussian. The gradients rely on relative neighboring density values in all directions, thus are independent from absolute magnitudes. Consequently, gradient filters are able to extract edges along a wide density range, almost independent from assumptions and empirical investigations. Our approach demonstrates the capability to achieve geometric 3D reconstructions with high geometric accuracy on object surfaces and remarkable object completeness. Notably, Canny filter effectively eliminates gaps, delivers a uniform point density, and strikes a favorable balance between correctness and completeness across the scenes.
Control of erosion damage of the hinterland by due to construction of submerged detached breakwater
Authors: Lim Changbin , Kim Jinhoon , Kim Jong-Beom , Lee Jung-Lyul
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Submerged detached breakwaters (SDBWs) have increasingly been used in recent times as an alternative against their emergent counterpart (EDBWs) to mitigate erosion because the former do not spoil the seascape. Both of these structures are (usually) constructed using precast concrete blocks or natural granite rocks, hence becoming permeable structures. In the case of a single EDBW, a parabolic bay shape equation can be readily used to assess the shoreline planform behind the structure, yet no direct method for the SDBW. In this study, the variation in the initial curved equilibrium planform downdrift of a harbor breakwater, before and after the installation of SDBWs, is estimated by the wave transmission coefficient through an SDBW and calculated longshore sediment transport of which the wave diffraction is considered. This is to say that the shore-normal direction varies (rotates) along a curved equilibrium planform. The applicability of this methodology is validated by comparing the observed data (wave and shoreline change) using closed circuit television on Bongpo-Cheonjin Beach in South Korea, with the calculated shoreline changes. This rational approach, though with some limitations, for shoreline change behind permeable SDBWs will benefit the work on coastal management and mitigation of beach erosion.
ПРАВОВІ РЕЖИМИ ВІДПОВІДНО ДО ТЕОРІЇ КОНСТИТУЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ
Authors: Тернавська Вікторія Миколаївна
Published: October 2023

Теорія правових режимів є наріжним питанням в аспекті проблематики правового регулювання. Змістовна характеристика категорії «правовий режим» – поняття, види, юридична конструкція, не втрачає своєї актуальності у вітчизняній юридичній науці. В статті висвітлюється характеристика правового режиму як засобу формування змісту конституційно-правової політики держави. Вважається, що правовий режим, як особливий порядок регулювання певної сфери суспільних відносин, передбачає застосування комплексу специфічних способів, типів і методів правового регулювання, вибір яких зумовлений метою, яку ставить перед собою законодавець, специфікою об’єкта правового регулювання, правовим статусом суб’єктів права, на яких поширює свою дію цей правовий режим. Аргументовано доводиться, що обов’язковим елементом структури правового режиму мають бути також правові принципи верховенства права, законності, доцільності, розумності, оскільки в іншому випадку запровадження обмежень і зобов’язань може викликати несприйняття в суспільстві та стати причиною соціально-політичних катаклізмів. Аналізується технологія запровадження правового режиму на прикладі правового режиму тимчасово окупованої території України. Робиться висновок, що перевагою правових режимів перед іншими засобами правової політики є комплексне вирішення важливих завдань конституційно-правової політики.
L’Eldorado degli esiliati del Risorgimento: avventure transatlantiche tra Spagna, Inghilterra e Messico (1820-1830)
Authors: Besseghini Deborah
Published: October 2023

Seguendo per alcuni anni le traiettorie di tre personaggi, Fiorenzo Galli, Carlo Vidua e Vincenzo Rivafinoli, coinvolti in modi molto diversi nell’esperienza degli esuli risorgimentali e delle rivoluzioni liberali, esploriamo per molteplici canali cambiamenti culturali, politici, economici e spirituali che germogliarono nel mondo ispanico, dalla Catalogna al Messico, e si diramarono altrove. La sensibilità contraddittoria di questi pionieri romantici della globalizzazione ottocentesca svela collegamenti trascurati, tra cruciali evoluzioni politiche nella lunga transizione dell’Età delle rivoluzioni e significative trasformazioni in altri ambiti.
Navalny’s direct-casting: Affective attunement and polarization in the online community of the most vocal Russian opposition politician
Authors: Zinnatullin Aidar
Published: October 2023

Social media has a significant impact on the process of political polarization. Despite a large body of research on polarization and social media in democracies, studying this relationship in autocracies remains a niche field. This paper describes the content, composition, and behavioral patterns of discussions that take place on YouTube in the community of Russia’s most vocal opposition politician, Alexei Navalny. Based on a corpus of more than eight million comments, this study provides empirical evidence on the relatively short-term nature of affective attunement induced by a leader promising social changes within an authoritarian context. This discovery is manifested in the observation that periods of high public interest in Navalny’s activities are marked by a significant influx of new audience members into his community. However, the retention rate of this cohort of users was lower than that of the cohort of commenters, who started discussions during periods of lower public interest in Navalny’s activities. This conclusion applies not only to the entire set of commenters, but also to pro-government and anti-government users. According to the exploratory text analysis, the most common topics in discussions were praising Navalny’s activities, criticizing the government, and enticing people to share videos to change the minds of apolitical citizens or pro-government supporters. Finally, one of the affective polarization parameters, the degree of toxicity of discussions, is higher on Navalny’s community than on an apolitical celebrity’s YouTube channel, which establishes a baseline for the level of incivility.
The use of shadow libraries at Universitas Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma Fauzan Eka , Rahmi Rahmi
Published: October 2023

Shadow libraries (SLs), such as Sci-Hub, Z-Library, and Library Genesis (LibGen), are online databases that provide content that is otherwise difficult to access (due to paywalls or other copyright controls) using unofficial methods of questionable legality. Interest in the SL phenomenon has focused on copyright infringement that occurs when a database provides library materials, for which access rights need to be purchased, without the knowledge of a given copyright owner. This study analyzes the use of SLs at the Universitas Indonesia (UI). The research uses a quantitative approach, with a survey distributed to 262 undergraduate students at UI. The frequency of SL use in academic activities of UI students is compared with the use of the UI Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC UI). The results show that most UI students have not used SLs. However, those who have used SLs report more positive impressions and higher levels of satisfaction compared with OPAC UI.
Creating disinformation: Archiving fake links on the Wayback Machine viewed through the lens of routine activity theory
Authors: Mead Darryl
Published: October 2023

This case study uses routine activity theory to contextualise the method used by an external bad actor to create fake links within the Internet Archive for the Web site Yourbrainonporn.com. It then discusses the social media campaign which occurred two years later using screenshots of these fake links accessed via the Wayback Machine to defame the site owner. An organised disinformation campaign on social media began attacking the site owner of Yourbrainonporn.com (a pornography recovery Web site) for allegedly, accidentally, posting evidence on his own site of him searching for and hosting hardcore pornography. In fact, the list of purportedly incriminating links did not point to any content, but the defamers’ intentions seemed to have always been to set up a smear campaign against a particular site and its author. Options are discussed for the Internet Archive to provide improved guardianship and to educate the public to minimise harm from this type of social media attack based on screenshots of fake URLs.
Udział Adama Chmielowskiego w powstaniu styczniowym
Authors: Kaczmarzyk Magdalena
Published: October 2023

Zadaniem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie udziału Adama Chmielowskiego, późniejszego Brata Alberta w powstaniu styczniowym. Adam Chmielowski biorąc udział w powstaniu, ukończył zaledwie siedemnasty rok życia. Nie odegrał w nim wybitnej roli. Nic przeto dziwnego, że jego udział w powstaniu nie znalazł głębszego odbicia w źródłach odnoszących się do tego okresu. Wzmianki źródłowe mówiące o udziale Chmielowskiego w powstaniu są nieliczne, fragmentaryczne i przeważnie pośrednie, tzn. odnoszące się do innych osób lub spraw, a Chmielowskiego wspominające raczej marginesowo.
Rec.: Zbigniew Pęckowski, Studia z dziejów miasta i ziemi miechowskiej do roku 1914, Kraków 1967
Authors: Piwoński Henryk
Published: October 2023

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Anatomy of the European Moose heart
Authors: Khvatov V. A. , Bylinskaya D. S.
Published: October 2023

The European elk is an artiodactyl mammal and is a valuable commercial animal. These animals are valued in the leather industry and in commercial hunting for meat. In addition, moose are often kept in nature reserves and zoos and often in private fur farms. At the same time, there is practically no material on the anatomy of the European elk, compared with the same representative of the reindeer family – the reindeer. In this regard, the purpose of our study is to study the structural features of the anatomy of the heart of the European moose and to determine its main sources of vascularization. The material for the study was five corpses of European moose aged three to four years, obtained from private farms in the Leningrad region. The study was carried out by morphometry and fine anatomical dissection, as well as the manufacture of corrosive preparations using latex. Morphometric parameters were measured using a vernier caliper of the brand "Vorel 15100" made in Poland, as well as a ruler with a length of 25 cm. Processing of the obtained results was carried out in the "Excel" program. According to the results of the study, it was found that the heart of the European moose has a leftventricular type of blood supply, and the area of the subsinuous sulcus in the individuals studied by us is occupied by branches of the left coronary artery. Also, during the study, the main anatomical, topographic and morphometric features of the structure of the external and internal structures of the heart of the European moose were determined.
Chromatographic analysis of the quality of disinsection of poultry premises using low temperature smoke generators Smok Insect
Authors: Sokolov I. V. , Tokarev A. N.
Published: October 2023

This article discusses a study of the quality of disinsection in poultry farms using low-temperature smoke generators SMOC INSKT generators using thin layer chromatography. The objects of study were washouts from the surfaces of poultry premises of the Sinyavinskaya poultry farm.

In a room with a cubic capacity of 8000 m3 , 16 smoke generators were installed based on the volume of the room. Samples were taken from each site and examined using modern equipment from Petrolaser LLC. Based on the results of chromatographic analysis, it was found that thin-layer chromatography is an effective method for controlling the quality of disinfestation, and SMOC INSECT smoke generators allow high-quality treatment of livestock buildings from ectoparasites.

As a result of the research, low-temperature generators were recommended as an effective means of disinfestation and decontamination.

The use of thin-layer chromography in quality control of disinfestation allows you to obtain results in a short time, while the technique is more accessible and does not require expensive reagents and complex equipment.
Diagnosis of pulmonary edema of small pets
Authors: Levenskikh E. A. , Sidorova C. A. , Dragich O. A. , Shchipakin M. V.
Published: October 2023

The respiratory system provides the body with oxygen, which is necessary for the vital activity of organs, tissues and cells of the animal. Respiratory diseases are widespread and therefore improving the methods of diagnosis and prevention of lung pathologies is important for veterinary medicine. Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening condition of the animal and requires immediate assistance. There are various types and causes of edema, however, knowing the symptoms, it is possible to carry out the necessary diagnostics, therefore, the study of the mechanism of development and types of pulmonary edema using radiological diagnostic methods is relevant. The research work was carried out on the basis of the veterinary clinic of LLC "Ringa", the object of the study were dogs and cats with clinical manifestations of respiratory failure, the main diagnostic method was digital radiography. Based on the conducted studies, cardiogenic and non–cardiogenic pulmonary edema was identified, the mechanism of development of which has differences: cardiogenic pulmonary edema manifests itself against the background of heart defects, cardiosclerosis, arterial hypertension; non-cardiogenic – due to impaired capillary permeability and the release of the liquid part of the blood into the interstitial tissue, and then into the alveoli. X-ray diagnostics allows you to differentiate the pathology of the lungs at the initial stages of its development, since a long process of diagnostic measures can have negative consequences on the animal, and the finished radiograph has high-quality detail of the picture in high resolution with specific changes in the lungs with edema, which ensures the exclusion of other pathologies that can also lead to respiratory failure (neoplasms, pulmonary fibrosis , etc.), and that contributes to the provision of rapid appropriate actions in emergency situations to eliminate this condition and the appointment of specific therapeutic and preventive measures, allowing you to reduce the time in diagnosis, to help the patient, increasing the chances of a favorable outcome.