bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy–Based Psychoeducation on Medication Adherence and Aggression in Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia: An Experimental Study
Authors: Can Sevinç Yaşar , Budak Funda Kavak
Published: October 2024

Introduction

It is known that treatment compliance is low and aggression is higher in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to the normal population. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is known to reduce relapse and hospitalisation and increase well‐being in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, there are almost no studies on increasing treatment compliance and decreasing aggression.

Aims

This study was conducted to determine how CBT–based psychoeducation affects medication adherence and aggression in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Methods

The study was conducted as a quasi‐experimental model with the pre‐test–post‐test control group with 73 schizophrenic patients (33 experimental, 40 control) between June 2022 and July 2023. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) and Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPSQ). The schizophrenic patients in the experimental group were given eight sessions of CBT‐based psychoeducation, while the schizophrenic patients in the control group were not given any training. The data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, chi‐squared test, dependent samples t‐test and independent samples t‐test.

Results

It was determined that the aggression level of the experimental group before the training was 80.51 ± 19.38, and after the CBT‐based psychoeducation, it was 73.12 ± 15.28. It was determined that the aggression level of the control group before the training was 84.22 ± 12.13, and after the post‐test, it was 85.60 ± 11.72. It was determined that the medication adherence level of the experimental group before the training was 2.75 ± 1.25, and after the CBT‐based psychoeducation, it was 3.57 ± 0.67. It was determined that the medication adherence level of the control group before the training was 2.05 ± 1.33, and after the post‐test, it was 2.17 ± 1.36. The psychoeducation based on CBT caused a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) in medication adherence and aggression levels in the experimental group.

Discussion

It was determined that CBT applied to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia was effective on increasing their medication adherence and reducing their aggression. It is recommended for psychiatric nurses to include CBT‐based psychoeducation in their nursing practices in order to increase medication adherence and reduce aggression in individuals with schizophrenia.

Implications for Practice

The findings emphasise that CBT‐based psychoeducation increases treatment adherence and significantly decreases the level of aggression in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Psychiatric nurses should include CBT‐based psychoeducation in their treatments.
Association of time to start of enteral nutrition and outcome in cats with hepatic lipidosis
Authors: Wallace Olivia P. , Jablonski Sara A. , Thomas Jennifer S. , Bock Jack H. , Langlois Daniel K.
Published: October 2024

Background

Enteral nutrition (EN) is essential for management of hepatic lipidosis (HL) in cats.

Objectives

To determine if time to start of EN and other clinicopathologic variables are associated with outcome in cats with HL.

Animals

Forty‐eight cats with HL.

Methods

Retrospective study. Information retrieved from medical records and client communications included clinicopathologic findings, time to start of EN, initial % of resting energy requirements provided, type of feeding tube, duration of hospitalization, and 3‐month survival. Variables were compared between surviving and nonsurviving cats and between cats fed ≤12 hours and >12 hours after hospital admission. Multivariable statistical testing was performed to further investigate variables of interest.

Results

Seventeen of 25 (68%) cats fed ≤12 hours and 13 of 23 (57%) of cats fed >12 hours after hospital admission survived (P = .55). Only increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.313; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.032‐1.671; P = .03) and the presence of ascites (OR, 6.415; 95% CI, 1.354‐30.395; P = .02) were associated with death in multivariable analysis. Hospitalization duration (median, interquartile range [IQR]) was shorter in cats fed >12 hours (2.8 days; IQR, 2.1‐3.8 days) as compared with cats fed ≤12 hours (4.8 days; IQR, 3.6‐6.2 days) after hospital admission (P < .001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

An initial stabilization period before EN introduction does not decrease survival or increase duration of hospitalization in cats with HL.
A Missense Variant Affecting the N‐Terminal Domain of the Laminin‐332 β3 Chain Results in a Distinct Form of Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa With Altered Granulation Tissue Response and No New Blistering: A Second Family Report
Authors: Goldoni Marina , Torres Barbara , Pettinato Maurizio , Gennaro Alessia , Biagini Tommaso , Condorelli Angelo Giuseppe , Monetta Rosanna , Mazza Tommaso , Bernardini Laura , Mattina Teresa
Published: October 2024

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes due to alterations in the dermal epidermal junction. This condition manifests as mechanically induced bullous lesions that heal with hypertrophic granulation tissue and/or atrophic scars. Here, we report two brothers carrying a homozygous LAMB3 missense variant, p.Gly254Asp, which affects the N‐terminal end of the laminin‐332 (LM332) β3 chain, previously described in another JEB family sharing a common ethnic origin and LAMB3 haplotype with the siblings reported here. Moreover, all affected patients with p.Gly254Asp mutation from both families exhibits a distinct phenotype consisting of a few localized long‐standing skin lesions characterized by excessive granulation tissue formation or keloid scars, without new blistering, and associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. Our patients also showed nail dystrophy, expanding the phenotypic spectrum and confirming the peculiar role of the N‐terminal end of the β3 chain in regulating the granulation tissue response associated with the wound healing process.
Hindu Nationalism emerging from narcissism of minor differences in Indo‐Bangladesh borderlands: A gendered narration
Authors: Roy Sneha
Published: October 2024

The Sundarbans as a region is shared between Bangladesh (60%) and India (40%) and forms an intriguing geography to understand not only the consequences of macro‐political landmarks such as the partition, it is an arable field to explore the intersections of people, history, and politics‐ with a particular recognition of the constructions, constitutions, and manifestations of shifting, undefined, cultural and physical borders. This paper contends that Hindu nationalism in the Indian Sundarbans borderlands emerges as a result of what Sigmund Freud called ‘narcissism of minor differences’ between the Bengalis across borders and it makes for a distinct kind of nationalism that unfavourably impacts the Muslim Bengalis in the region. I situate that the ongoing aggressive Hindu nationalism in India's Bengal is a classic case of narcissism of minor differences and understanding its nuances can illuminate the multiple ways in which variant forms of nationalism are highly appropriated and propagated. Secondly, the study addresses how the liminal borderlands are fertile fields for such type of nationalism. Lastly, in order to further problematise the actors and the activism around nationalism, I study the work of Hindu nationalist women who volunteer with the Rashtriya Sevika Samiti to map and appraise the gendered aspect of this discourse. The Bengali Hindu Samiti women dedicate much of their nationalist activism in emphasising on both territorial and cultural borders and target Bengali Muslims who have migrated from Bangladesh and with whom they share deep civilisational and cultural sameness.
An indigenous safehouse project for survivors of witchcraft accusation in the highlands of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Main Michael
Published: October 2024

This paper describes a safehouse project for survivors of witchcraft accusations that has been initiated by people of the Hewa‐speaking community located in the Papua New Guinea highlands. Belief in witchcraft and the killing of accused witches has a long cultural history among Hewa people, where it was formerly part of intergroup conflict and patterns of dominance and retribution. Contemporary Hewa witch killing often involves the use of torture and the targeting of children and infants, although these have no historical precedent. The safehouse has been established inside the community itself. Locating the safehouse where accusations and killing are taking place is a deliberate strategy to change the belief system that supports the identification and killing of accused witches. This model also ensures that people do not become internally displaced when they flee their accusers. The safehouse is designed to be self‐sufficient so that is does not become reliant on aid from external organisations.
Association between venous leg ulcers and knee osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pan Deyi , Yang Runqiao , Zhang Yalan , Chen Yuemei , Wang Yuhui , Xu Shixiong
Published: October 2024

To gain a clearer understanding of the relationship between venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA), we performed a two‐sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in this study. The present MR was carried out using summary data from publicly available genome‐wide association studies. After filtering single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), we applied a variety of MR methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR egger, weighted mode, and weighted median. IVW analysis revealed that the genetic association between VLUs and KOA was not significant (β = −0.017; SE 0.039; p = 0.658). In agreement with the IVW analysis, the findings of the weighted median estimator (β = −0.017; SE 0.052, p = 0.751), MR egger (β = 0.057; SE 0.084; p = 0.513), and weighted mode (β = 0.060; SE 0.078; p = 0.456) indicated the absence of a significant genetic association between VLUs and KOA. Furthermore, reverse causality analysis suggested a lack of genetic relationship between KOA and VLUs. In conclusion, the present MR study does not suggest a causal relationship or reverse causal relationship between VLUs and KOA.
Mexican Hispanics show significant improvement in lung function approximately 1 year after having severe COVID‐19
Authors: Cortes‐Telles Arturo , Solís‐Díaz Luis Alberto , Mateos‐Toledo Heidegger , Guenette Jordan A. , Zavorsky Gerald Stanley
Published: October 2024

The long‐term effects of COVID‐19 on lung function are not understood, especially for periods extending beyond 1 year after infection. This observational, longitudinal study investigated lung function in Mexican Hispanics who experienced severe COVID‐19, focusing on how the length of recovery affects lung function improvements. At a specialized COVID‐19 follow‐up clinic in Yucatan, Mexico, lung function and symptoms were assessed in patients who had recovered from severe COVID‐19. We used z‐scores, and Wilcoxon's signed rank test to analyse changes in lung function over time. Lung function was measured twice in 82 patients: the first and second measurements were taken a median of 94 and 362 days after COVID‐19 diagnosis, respectively. Initially, 61% of patients exhibited at least one of several pulmonary function abnormalities (lower limit of normal = –1.645), which decreased to 22% of patients by 390 days post‐recovery. Considering day‐to‐day variability in lung function, 68% of patients showed improvement by the final visit, while 30% had unchanged lung function from the initial assessment. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed ground‐glass opacities in 33% of patients. One year after infection, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide z‐scores accounted for 30% of the variation in CT fibrosis scores. There was no significant correlation between the length of recovery and improvement in lung function based on z‐scores. In conclusion, 22% of patients who recovered from severe COVID‐19 continued to show at least one lung function abnormality 1 year after recovery, indicating a prolonged impact of COVID‐19 on lung health.
¿Una teoría de la (in)justicia? Crítica a las medidas de corrección de las desigualdades sociales derivadas de la teoría de la justicia de John Rawls
Authors: Zambrano Sanjuán Carlos Andrés
Published: October 2024

La teoría de la justicia de John Rawls constituye uno de los trabajos en materia de filosofía política más importantes de la última centuria, el cual, dado su enorme impacto, ha sido objeto de múltiples análisis y críticas por parte de diversos sectores y espectros de la filosofía política. El propósito de este ensayo es contribuir a ese debate, formulando una postura crítica respecto a dos instrumentos que dicen combatir y remediar las profundas desigualdades sociales que padecen nuestras actuales sociedades marcadamente neoliberales: por un lado, las denominadas acciones afirmativas y, por otro, la meritocracia. Se defenderá la tesis de que ambos mecanismos pueden deducirse directamente del segundo subprincipio del segundo principio de justicia de Rawls (justa o equitativa igualdad de oportunidades), como instrumentos que aparentemente pretenden materializarlo, pero que, por el contrario, bajo ciertas condiciones especiales terminan por causar una mayor desigualdad y una justificación a ese estado de cosas inequitativo.
Results Assessment Methods of Health-Related Fitness Test Batteries in School-Based Physical Education Programs: A Global Comparison
Authors: Yang Anlu , Hamilton Xiaofen D. , Wang Yongshun , Smolianov Peter , Castro-Piñero Jose , Guan Jianmin , Dolmatova Tamara , Zhang Xin , Zhang Jiren , Zhan Enyan , Hamilton Mark F.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the result assessment approaches used in the widely implemented health-related fitness batteries in school-based physical education programs. Method: Fitness test batteries implemented in the European Union (Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness), China (China’s National Physical Fitness Testing), the United States (Fitnessgram), and Russia (Ready for Labor and Defense [Gotov k Trudu i Oborone [GTO]]) were included in the study. The document analysis method was used to identify commonalities and differences of results assessment methods in the above test batteries. Results: It was found that the norm-referenced method has been used in Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness, China’s National Physical Fitness Testing, and GTO, and only Fitnessgram used the criterion-referenced method. Among the three norm-referenced evaluation methods, there were two variations: (a) total numerical points used in CNPFT, and (b) categories employed in Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness and GTO. Conclusions: Both norm-referenced and criterion-referenced evaluations were used in the current youth health-related fitness test batteries, suggesting that the current understanding of the purpose of school-based-fitness testing in schools has not reached a consensus.
Unification of insertion and supercapacitive storage concepts: Storage profiles in titania
Authors: Xiao Chuanlian , Wang Hongguang , Usiskin Robert , van Aken Peter A. , Maier Joachim
Published: October 2024

Insertion storage in battery electrodes and supercapacitive storage are typically considered to be independent phenomena and thus are dealt with in separate scientific communities. Using tailored experiments on titanium oxide thin films of various thicknesses, we demonstrate the simultaneous occurrence of both processes. For the interpretation of the entire storage profile encompassing both contributions, the (free) energies of the charge carriers in the mixed conductor and the neighboring phase are the only materials parameters required. The experimental results enable no less than a unification of insertion and supercapacitive storage, the first being dominant for thick films, the latter for thin films or negligible electronic conductivity. Therefore, the size of the storage medium and the nature of the current collecting phases can be used to tune power density versus energy density.
Dietary pro-oxidant therapy by a vitamin K precursor targets PI 3-kinase VPS34 function
Authors: Swamynathan Manojit M. , Kuang Shan , Watrud Kaitlin E. , Doherty Mary R. , Gineste Charlotte , Mathew Grinu , Gong Grace Q. , Cox Hilary , Cheng Eileen , Reiss David , Kendall Jude , Ghosh Diya , Reczek Colleen R. , Zhao Xiang , Herzka Tali , Špokaitė Saulė , Dessus Antoine N. , Kim Seung Tea , Klingbeil Olaf , Liu Juan , Nowak Dawid G. , Alsudani Habeeb , Wee Tse-Luen , Park Youngkyu , Minicozzi Francesca , Rivera Keith , Almeida Ana S. , Chang Kenneth , Chakrabarty Ram P. , Wilkinson John E. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Diermeier Sarah D. , Egeblad Mikala , Vakoc Christopher R. , Locasale Jason W. , Chandel Navdeep S. , Janowitz Tobias , Hicks James B. , Wigler Michael , Pappin Darryl J. , Williams Roger L. , Cifani Paolo , Tuveson David A. , Laporte Jocelyn , Trotman Lloyd C.
Published: October 2024

Men taking antioxidant vitamin E supplements have increased prostate cancer (PC) risk. However, whether pro-oxidants protect from PC remained unclear. In this work, we show that a pro-oxidant vitamin K precursor [menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)] suppresses PC progression in mice, killing cells through an oxidative cell death: MSB antagonizes the essential class III phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase VPS34—the regulator of endosome identity and sorting—through oxidation of key cysteines, pointing to a redox checkpoint in sorting. Testing MSB in a myotubular myopathy model that is driven by loss of
MTM1
—the phosphatase antagonist of VPS34—we show that dietary MSB improved muscle histology and function and extended life span. These findings enhance our understanding of pro-oxidant selectivity and show how definition of the pathways they impinge on can give rise to unexpected therapeutic opportunities.
Retrotransposons are co-opted to activate hematopoietic stem cells and erythropoiesis
Authors: Phan Julia , Chen Brandon , Zhao Zhiyu , Allies Gabriele , Iannaccone Antonella , Paul Animesh , Cansiz Feyza , Spina Alberto , Leven Anna-Sophia , Gellhaus Alexandra , Schadendorf Dirk , Kimmig Rainer , Mettlen Marcel , Tasdogan Alpaslan , Morrison Sean J.
Published: October 2024

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and erythropoiesis are activated during pregnancy and after bleeding by the derepression of retrotransposons, including endogenous retroviruses and long interspersed nuclear elements. Retrotransposon transcription activates the innate immune sensors cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate–adenosine 5′-monophosphate synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING), which induce IFN and IFN-regulated genes in HSCs, increasing HSC division and erythropoiesis. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase or deficiency for cGAS or STING had little or no effect on hematopoiesis in nonpregnant mice but depleted HSCs and erythroid progenitors in pregnant mice, reducing red blood cell counts. Retrotransposons and IFN-regulated genes were also induced in mouse HSCs after serial bleeding and, in human HSCs, during pregnancy. Reverse transcriptase inhibitor use was associated with anemia in pregnant but not in nonpregnant people, suggesting conservation of these mechanisms from mice to humans.
Group Releases Report on STEMM Workforce Barriers
Authors:   AAAS Executive Office
Published: October 2024

Inaugural Multidisciplinary Working Group drew upon expertise of AAAS volunt
Open with care
Authors: Ravindran Sandeep
Published: October 2024

Indigenous researchers and communities are reshaping how Western science thinks about open access to data
In Science Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Szuromi Phil , Ash Caroline , Lavine Marc S. , Smith Jesse , Funk Michael A. , Wong Wei , Matsiko Amos , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Kelly Priscilla N. , Grocholski Brent , Isles Hannah M. , Charneski Catherine
Published: October 2024

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
The development of a pull-apart basin in response to collision of the irregular South China continental margin with Indochina
Authors: Ma Si-Yuan , He Bin , Xia Xiao-Ping , Li Peng-Fei , Lai Chun-Kit , Bartoli Omar
Published: October 2024

The collision of Indochina and South China has played a significant role in shaping the current tectonic configuration of mainland Southeast Asia. However, its specifics are still debated. To better constrain the development and nature of the collision, we conducted a study of the Shiwandashan basin in the southwestern South China block that employed integrated basin analysis methods including detrital zircon provenance analysis. The Shiwandashan basin is ~200 km long and 60 km wide, and features a V-shaped cross-sectional profile. Our study reveals that the Lopingian Series in the basin thickens rapidly from the northwestern and southeastern edges toward the center of the basin. The formation of the basin appears to have been influenced by intense compressive strike-slip faults during the Lopingian Epoch. However, the sedimentary structures within the basin also display characteristics consistent with an extensional setting, including slump deposits and soft-sediment deformation, along with rapid depositional rates and abrupt changes in depositional facies. Furthermore, Lopingian to Early Triassic igneous rocks within the basin exhibit geochemical signatures that are indicative of an extensional setting. Provenance analyses reveal two distinct source areas controlled by basinal faults. The northwestern part of the basin contains detrital zircons dating from 297 Ma to 253 Ma, with a peak of 270 Ma, while a similar detrital zircon age peak is not found in the southeastern part of the basin. These findings suggest the coexistence of extensional and compressive structures and distinct sediment sources during the Lopingian. Our analysis provides new insights into the tectonic evolution of the Shiwandashan basin and suggests that it may have been a pull-apart basin influenced by the diachronous collision of the Indochina block with the irregular margins of the South China block.
Association between coexisting hypertension, dyslipidaemia and elevated C reactive protein with cardiovascular disease and mortality: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis in a representative cohort of older US adults
Authors: Karadimas Thomas Leonidas , Meier Helen C S
Published: October 2024

Objective

Hypertension and dyslipidaemia are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) but they are often insufficient on their own to predict CVD. Inflammation also contributes to CVD, but research on the co-occurrence of inflammation, hypertension and dyslipidaemia and CVD risk is limited. Knowledge of inflammatory status in addition to other risk factors is vital for clinicians to correctly evaluate patients for CVD risk.

Methods

Prospective data from the Health and Retirement Study, a representative cohort of US adults over 50 years of age (n=7895), were used. The average participant age was 68.8 years, and 54.9% were female. 80.7% were non-Hispanic white, 10.1% were non-Hispanic black and 9.2% were Hispanic. Hypertension, dyslipidaemia and elevated C reactive protein (CRP) were used to create a CVD risk score: low (0–1 factors), medium (2 factors) or high (all 3 factors). Measurement and definition guidelines for these variables are thoroughly explained in the methods section. Weighted logistic regression models estimated the OR of (1) prevalent and incident CVD for medium and high-risk groups versus the low-risk group and (2) 4-year mortality adjusting for covariates.

Results

Cross-sectionally, high-risk participants (n=1706) had significantly higher odds of CVD prevalence compared with participants with low-risk (n=3107) (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI: (1.29 to 1.84)). Medium-risk (n=3082) participants had higher odds of CVD prevalence, though this did not reach significance. Prospectively, medium-risk and high-risk participants had significantly higher odds of 4-year CVD incidence (medium-risk adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI (1.18 to 2.09); high-risk adjusted OR 1.67, 95% CI (1.19 to 2.36)) compared with those with low risk. Risk of 4-year mortality was higher in high-risk (OR 2.12, 95% CI (1.60 to 2.8)) participants versus low-risk, and non-significantly elevated in medium-risk participants.

Conclusions

Co-occurrence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and elevated CRP was strongly associated with increased CVD prevalence, higher incident CVD and elevated 4-year mortality in older US adults, emphasising the importance of multifactor screening for CVD risk.
Research on Stylization of Landscape Drawing Rendering Based on Computer Vision Techniques
Authors: Huang Dexin , Sun Yuezhou
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of computer vision technology, rendering and stylization of landscape drawings have become the focus of attention in the field of design. This paper aims to study the rendering stylization method of landscape drawings based on computer vision technology and discuss how to apply advanced vision algorithms to the automatic stylization of landscape design drawings. This paper reviews the application status of computer vision technology in the field of landscape design and analyzes the challenges and opportunities faced by the current technology. This paper proposes a new landscape drawing stylization framework, which combines deep learning, image processing and pattern recognition techniques to achieve efficient rendering and stylization of landscape drawings. By learning and training on a large amount of landscape drawing data, the model is able to recognize and simulate different rendering styles, thus providing designers with a variety of design solutions. In addition, the paper explores the importance of user interaction in the stylization process and proposes a user-oriented stylization approach that allows designers to customize and adjust rendering effects through simple interactions. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method are verified through a series of experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of landscape drawing rendering, and bring new technical innovations to the field of landscape design.
Optimal Visit Suspension Policy of Corporate Sale Using Reliability Model
Authors: Nakamura Takahiro , Tokuoka Atsuhito , Ito Kodo , Nakagawa Toshio
Published: October 2024

Financial institutions can help corporate clients strengthen their financial bases by providing them with appropriate information about them and services such as quick and accurate payment methods. Although the relationship between financial institutions and corporate clients was relatively good in the past, it is necessary to improve efficiency rather than just follow the successful management methods now because of the impact of COVID-19. It is also necessary to review the conventional method of customer satisfaction survey by using physical meetings, which were conducted by financial institutions to corporate customers. Financial institution sales representatives are to make financial business proposals and are to earn profits by maintaining effective meetings with corporate clients. In this paper, we examine the optimal policy which considers the expenditure for visits and the profit from visits within a certain period and decides whether to continue visits or not. For establishing the policy, we use the age replacement of reliability models.
A Many-objective Joint Device Selection and Aggregation Scheme for Federated Learning in IoV
Authors: Wen Jie , Cui Zhihua , Zhang Huihua , Chen Jinjun
Published: October 2024

Advanced mobile communication and data processing technologies have promoted the development of Internet of Things (IoT), but they have also posed challenges to the distributed federated learning mode in the field of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Faced with a large number of vehicle nodes available for federated training in IoV, the federated learning training task becomes challenging when motivating a large number of vehicles participant. A difficulty posed for federated learning in IoV is heterogeneity challenges caused by massive device participation. Moreover, excessive resource and system maintenance costs associated with a large number of poor-quality devices participating in federated training cannot be ignored. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel vehicle device selection and aggregation joint optimization model based on a many-objective evolutionary algorithm. The proposed model can be optimized by BiGE algorithm to obtain an optimal subset of vehicle equipment and corresponding weight assignment scheme, thus reducing unnecessary resources waste and budget expenditure while ensuring global model performance. To verify the feasibility of the model, several sets of experiments are conducted to demonstrate that our proposed model has acceptable performance while largely reducing the number budget of participants.
A Proof System for the SMrCaIT Calculus
Authors: Chen Ningning , Zhu Huibiao
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) spurs strong global demand for related applications and technologies, especially in enhancing system reliability and security. Communication security, mobility, and real-time are the three vital features for constructing secure and reliable IoT systems. Formal methods, based on rigorous mathematical theory, are widely used to describe, analyze, model, and verify software and hardware systems, significantly improving their security and reliability. However, the current research mainly focuses on the practical applications of IoT, and there are still few studies on applying formal methods to IoT systems. As a response, our recent work has proposed the SMrCaIT calculus, which is the only process calculus currently designed for IoT that can comprehensively describe the security, real-time, and mobile features of IoT. Applying the SMrCaIT calculus enables us to model and verify IoT systems before their actual implementation, thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation for building secure and reliable IoT systems. To verify the correctness of the SMrCaIT programs, this paper presents a proof system for SMrCaIT calculus, based on the extended Hoare Logic considering time. Additionally, we explore the
cooperation
 
test
between isolated proofs to further ensure messages are delivered correctly between IoT entities. The soundness of the proof system is also confirmed. A Vehicle Ad Hoc Network (VANET) case and a Multi-UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) case demonstrate the usability of our proof system in analyzing IoT scenarios.
Malformations of Cortical Development: Updated Imaging Review
Authors: Brunelli Julia M. , Lopes Thiago J. P. , Alves Isabela S. , Delgado Daniel S. , Lee Hae W. , Martin Maria G. M. , Docema Marcos F. L. , Alves Samya S. , Pinho Paula C. , Gonçalves Vinicius T. , Oliveira Lucas R. L. B. , Takahashi Jorge T. , Maralani Pejman J. , Amancio Camila T. , Leite Claudia C.
Published: October 2024

Malformations of cortical development result from interruption or alteration of one of the main three cortical stages, and the diagnosis is based on imaging findings as well as phenotype and genotype characteristics, including microcephaly, megalencephaly, and focal cortical dysplasia.
Height Control of Supersonic Sea‐Skimming Missiles Based on Online Parameter Identification
Authors: Jiang Zhenyu , Tang Xiaobin , Fan Xiaoshuai , Zhang Shifeng
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a height control approach employing real‐time parameter identification for supersonic sea‐skimming missiles. Firstly, an integrated identification technique based on the Unscented Kalman filter was established for supersonic cruise missiles. The method facilitates the online identification of aerodynamic and thrust coefficients while simultaneously estimating state variables such as height and angle of attack. Secondly, a backstepping control method was designed to regulate the height of sea‐skimming missiles. Control commands were generated based on online identification and state estimation, as well as the additional angle of attack caused by wind being compensated. The simulation results show that the proposed height control method achieved a high level of precision when operating in the challenging conditions of ultralow‐height sea skimming, despite the presence of parameter uncertainties, measurement inaccuracies, sea wave disturbances, and wind effects.
Exploring the Association Between Residual Mood Symptoms and Self‐Reported Side Effects in the Euthymic Phase of Bipolar Disorders: A Cross‐Sectional Network Analysis
Authors: Vidal Nathan , Brunet-Gouet Eric , Frileux Solène , Aubin Valérie , Belzeaux Raoul , Courtet Philippe , D’Amato Thierry , Dubertret Caroline , Etain Bruno , Gard Sebastien , Haffen Emmanuel , Januel Dominique , Leboyer Marion , Lefrere Antoine , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Marlinge Emeline , Olié Emilie , Polosan Mircea , Schwan Raymund , Walter Michel ,   The FACE-BD (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Bipolar Disorders) group, Passerieux Christine , Roux Paul
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Bipolar disorders (BD) are characterized by mood symptoms that can worsen medication side effects. We aimed to study the association between residual mood signs and self‐reported side effects in the euthymic phase of BD.

Methods: We assessed residual mood signs using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating scale (YMRS) and self‐reported side effects using the Patient‐Rated Inventory of Side Effects (PRISE‐M) for 880 males and 1369 females with BD. We conducted a network analysis to test the associations between 52 items of the three scales for males and females separately. We then identified clusters of nodes that fit the networks well.

Results: We report only positive associations between residual mood signs and side effects. An elevated mood (YMRS) in females and increased energy (YMRS) in males were central nodes, strongly influencing the development of additional mood symptoms and side effects. Furthermore, we identified three clusters of nodes in both sexes: (1) a “mood cluster”, including most YMRS and MADRS items and the PRISE‐M items evaluating sedation, sleep, and restlessness, (2) a cluster of nonsexual side effects (mostly PRISE‐M items), and (3) a cluster of sexual side effects. In both sexes, we identified bridge nodes that may favor the communication between mood and side effects, namely palpitations (PRISE‐M) and agitation (PRISE‐M).

Conclusions: The results justify the particular attention of practitioners to monitor elevated moods or increased energy to try to reduce self‐reported side effects and other residual mood symptoms in the euthymic phase of BD. Our findings suggest that clinicians could consider patient‐reported loss of energy, difficulty in falling asleep, and restlessness as mood symptoms rather than medications’ side effects. Palpitations and agitation may contribute to the development of additional mood symptoms or somatic complaints.
Acute Variceal Hemorrhage in Germany–A Nationwide Study of 65,357 Hospitalized Cases
Authors: Mertens Alexander , Essing Tobias , Kunstein Anselm , Weigel Christian , Bode Johannes , Roderburg Christoph , Luedde Tom , Kandler Jennis , Loosen Sven H.
Published: October 2024

Background: Acute variceal hemorrhage (AVH) is a frequent cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in liver cirrhosis. Most cases require urgent endoscopic intervention due to potentially life‐threatening courses. Different endoscopic hemostasis techniques can be used, in particular endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST), depending on the bleeding side (esophageal, fundal, and gastric) as well as radiological interventions (e.g., embolization and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [TIPS]). This study aimed to investigate trends in incidence, treatment modalities, and outcome parameters, such as in‐hospital mortality and adverse events in Germany.

Methods: We evaluated the current epidemiological trends, therapeutic strategies, and in‐hospital mortality of AVH in Germany based on the standardized hospital discharge data provided by the German Federal Statistical Office from 2010 to 2019.

Results: A total of 65,357 AVH cases, predominately males (68.3%), were included in the analysis. The annual incidence rate (hospitalization cases per 100,000 persons) was 8.9. The in‐hospital mortality was 18.6%. The most common underlying disease was alcohol‐related liver cirrhosis (60.6%). The most common clinical complication was bleeding anemia (60.1%), whereas hypovolemic shock (12.8%) was the less frequent. In esophageal variceal hemorrhage (EVH), EVL was the most frequently performed endoscopic therapy, while in gastric variceal hemorrhage (GVH), EST and fibrin glue injection were the most commonly performed therapies. EVL showed the lowest in‐hospital mortality (12.3%) in EVH, while EST showed favorable results (14% in‐hospital mortality) in GVH. Combination therapies overall showed a higher in‐hospital mortality and were more frequent in GVH. The presence of hypovolemic shock, AKI, sepsis, artificial ventilation, ARDS, bleeding anemia, hepatic encephalopathy, and male sex was associated with a significantly worse outcome.

Conclusion: Our study provides detailed insight into the incidence, patient‐related risk factors, endoscopic treatment, and in‐hospital mortality in a sizeable AVH collective in Germany. These data might help improve risk stratification and treatment strategies for AVH patients in the future.
Follow‐Up on Psoriasis Patients After Dead Sea Climate Therapy: Efficacy and Duration to Relapse
Authors: Mansouri Abdullah , Serup Jørgen
Published: October 2024

Studies find climate therapy (CT) at the Dead Sea of psoriasis efficient for induction therapy, but few studies address disease relapse, long‐term maintenance using CT, confounders, and the patient perspective. CT combines sunlight, balneotherapy, stress reduction, and education. This study aimed to examine Dead Sea CT and relapse of psoriasis over a 2 years period, patients’ satisfaction, and treatment outcome and preference relative to other therapies. A structured questionnaire was offered to patients, who during the recent 2 years had undergone a 4 week course of CT at the Dead Sea. Patients included applied for a new CT session due to relapse of their psoriasis. Questionnaire items covered their recall of relapse, disease severity, potential triggers of relapse and patient’s preference relative to other treatment options. The study enrolled 40 patients, with an average age of 55.5 years. CT was highly effective and resulted in marked reduction in the affected skin area, from 16% to less than 1% of the body surface. The median time from CT to first visible new lesion was 4.8 months, to first bothersome relapse 6.1 months and to full blown relapse 8.0 months. Patient satisfaction with conventional therapeutic modalities, especially oral methotrexate, was reserved, and CT was generally preferred. Relapse after CT was an inclusion criterion, and patients with long‐lasting healing were not assessed. CT for 4 week treatment course of moderate to severe psoriasis at the Dead Sea which was studied in patients with relapsing disease was highly efficient for induction for clearing of the skin, matching new biologicals. In the studied group, return to prestate level took median 8 months on average. Patients’ satisfaction with CT scored high, and maintenance through repeated Dead Sea treatments often is best treatment of this segment having intolerance or poor effect of other treatments, or fear of medicines as a personal attitude.
Figure S2 from Prostate Cancer Progression Modeling Provides Insight into Dynamic Molecular Changes Associated with Progressive Disease States
Authors: Chen Runpu , Tang Li , Melendy Thomas , Yang Le , Goodison Steve , Sun Yijun
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S2
Pulmonary Nocardiosis in a Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient Being Treated for Pembrolizumab-Associated Pneumonitis
Authors: Quartermain Liam , Buchan C. Arianne , Kilabuk Elaine , Wheatley-Price Paul
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Immune-check-point inhibitors (ICIs) are established in the treatment of many malignancies. Many immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are well described; however, there is less information about opportunistic infections in cancer patients receiving ICIs. Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 62-year-old woman with non-small cell lung cancer, who relapsed after surgical resection and chemotherapy. She received 13 months of pembrolizumab, achieving stable disease, before presenting with suspected pneumonitis 2 weeks prior to departure for an international vacation. She was treated with high-dose corticosteroids and, shortly thereafter, developed severe nocardiosis, requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and lengthy hospitalization. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this represents the second known case of pulmonary nocardiosis in a patient on pembrolizumab. Moreover, this is a rarely reported instance of opportunistic bacterial infection following steroid treatment for ICI pneumonitis. This case report emphasizes the risk of bacterial infection associated with ICI pneumonitis, both due to the difficulty of excluding underlying infection at presentation, and the immunosuppression caused by irAE treatment. As such, we suggest that clinicians maintain a high suspicion for potential infection in ICI pneumonitis, and strongly consider initiating infectious workup with regular follow-ups for monitoring. Prophylactic antibiotics could be considered when such monitoring is not possible.
Symptomatic Multi-Nodular Fourth Ventricular Choroid Plexus Papillary Fibrosis in the Context of Chiari II Malformation: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Edelbach Brandon , Elbadry Rasha G. , Deisch Jeremy , Hanak Brian W.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Chiari II malformation (CM-II) is a congenital malformation characterized by the caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils, inferior cerebellar vermis, and fourth ventricle through the foramen magnum. Although rare, the association between CM-II and the development of a variety of mass lesions within the fourth ventricle and craniocervical junction has been described in the literature. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 9-year-old boy with a history of mid-lumbar myelomeningocele, CM-II, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt-dependent hydrocephalus who was discovered to have a syringomyelia and numerous spherical/ovoid masses within the caudal fourth ventricle and dorsal cervicomedullary subarachnoid space on a surveillance brain MRI. On questioning, the patient endorsed a longstanding history of poor bilateral hand dexterity and grip strength. After further imaging workup, the patient underwent suboccipital craniectomy and C1 laminectomy for resection of the mass lesions arising from the fourth ventricular choroid plexus (CP) and performance of an expansile pericranial duraplasty. The patient tolerated surgery well and had progressive improvement in hand dexterity/strength as well as radiographic improvement in the cervical cord syrinx after surgery. Pathologic analysis of the resected mass lesions demonstrated the lesions to be predominantly characterized by dense nodular fibrosis of the CP stromal cores which we are describing as choroid plexus papillary fibrosis. A minority of the lesional stromal cores were noted to be edematous, imparting a more “reticular” appearance. There were no features to suggest a neoplastic or infectious process. Conclusion: This combination of dysplastic/reactive CP histologic findings has not been previously reported in an extramedullary location. The unique pathology of this patient’s CP lesions will be discussed, and previously reported fourth ventricular mass lesions seen in association with CM-II will be reviewed.
РІВЕНЬ ВІДНОВЛЕНОГО ГЛУТАТІОНУ ПРИ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОМУ РАКУ ЗА ВПЛИВУ 5-ФТОРУРАЦИЛУ І МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО ВОДНЮ
Authors: Покотило О. О. , Корда М. М.
Published: October 2024

Вступ. Відновлений глутатіон відіграє дуже важливу роль у підтримці клітинного гомеостазу й окиснювально-відновного балансу, будучи важливим елементом внутрішньоклітинного захисту від активних форм кисню. Зменшення його вмісту нижче критичного порога вважають маркером окиснювального стресу, який лежить в основі патофізіології різноманітних дегенеративних захворювань, включаючи канцерогенез. При цьому є неоднозначні результати щодо взаємодії ксенобіотиків хіміотерапії з відновленим глутатіоном. Наявність окиснювального стресу при колоректальному раку потребує ефективної антиоксидантної терапії, а доведено, що молекулярний водень ефективно проявляє антиоксидантну дію.
Мета дослідження – оцінити вплив води, насиченої молекулярним воднем, і 5-фторурацилу на вміст відновленого глутатіону в сироватці крові білих щурів з колоректальним раком.
Методи дослідження. Досліди проведено на 70 білих щурах-самцях лінії Вістар. Тваринам моделювали колоректальний рак (КРР) шляхом підшкірного введення 1,2-диметилгідразину в дозі 7,2 мг/кг маси тіла 1 раз на тиждень упродовж 30 тижнів. 5-Фторурацил вводили внутрішньочеревно 4 дні по 12 мг/кг і ще 4 дні через день по 6 мг/кг. Тварини споживали воду, насичену молекулярним воднем у концентрації 0,6 ppm, ad libitum. Евтаназію щурів проводили під тіопенталовим наркозом. Для дослідження використовували сироватку крові, в якій колориметричним методом визначали вміст відновленого глутатіону. Статистичну обробку даних виконували за допомогою пакета програмного забезпечення SPSS­22.
Результати й обговорення. Вміст відновленого глутатіону в сироватці крові щурів, які споживали водопровідну воду 30 тижнів упродовж моделювання КРР і насичену молекулярним воднем лише протягом 30 днів після моделювання КРР, був на 10 % більшим, ніж у тварин з КРР, які не споживали водневої води. У сироватці крові щурів з КРР, яким вводили 5-фторурацил, вміст відновленого глутатіону в кінці експерименту становив 0,85 ммоль/г протеїну, що на 32 % менше, ніж у тварин 1-ї (контрольної) групи, і на 22 %, ніж у щурів, які споживали водневу воду 30 днів після моделювання КРР. У сироватці крові щурів з КРР, яким вводили 5-фторурацил та які споживали воду, збагачену молекулярним воднем, 30 днів після моделювання КРР, він становив 1,02 ммоль/г протеїну, що на 10 % більше (р≤0,05), ніж у тварин з КРР, і на 17 %, ніж у щурів, яким вводили 5-фторурацил та які не споживали води, насиченої молекулярним воднем.
Висновки. Моделювання у щурів колоректального раку та застосування 5-фторурацилу призводять до зменшення вмісту відновленого глутатіону в сироватці їх крові, а споживання при цьому води, насиченої молекулярним воднем, сприяє достовірному збільшенню в них рівня цього антиоксиданта.