bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Based on regional integrated energy automatic demand response optimization scheduling of electric vehicle
Authors: Wang Fangsheng , Zheng Tao , Sun Bowen , Gao Jianwei , Yang Yu
Published: March 2021

Regional integrated energy system research is the current trend of energy development. Electric vehicle is an important part of the integrated energy system. Electric vehicle can realize the optimal allocation of energy by participating in automatic demand response (ADR). Therefore, this paper proposes based on regional integrated energy automatic demand response optimization scheduling of electric vehicle with based on the conditional value at risk with the utility function (UCVaR-based) electric vehicle response intention decision model under integrated energy system. Primarily, given both the electric vehicle’s advantage and the network load fluctuation, a based on regional integrated energy automatic demand response optimization scheduling of electric vehicle model is proposed. The price-based DR stage aims to minimize the charge/discharge cost. Minimizing the gap at the incentive-based demand response stage between the peak and valley load. Then, to quantify the risk attitude of an EV group, the UCVaR-based EV owner response willingness decision model is adopted. Specifically, prospect theory is used to calculate the utility value of electric vehicle owners. Finally, to check the feasibility of the proposed process, a case study is given. Results show that compared to the price-based demand response model, the model, which is proposed in this paper, decreased the average charging expense of electric vehicles by 49 percent and raised the gain by 19 percent.
Energy consumption forecasting using improved non-homogeneous exponential grey model
Authors: Zi Zhao
Published: March 2021

The classical non-homogeneous exponential grey model is a valid tool for accurate prediction with small samples. But the classical non-homogeneous exponential grey model needs to be improved for higher accuracy. In this paper, a new discrete non-homogeneous exponential grey model is proposed, and the background value of the new model is given by Simpson numerical integration formula. Further, the electricity consumption is given to validate the accuracy of the new model and the result illustrates the new model provides accurate prediction. In the example, the mean absolute percentage error is 2.14%. Finally, the new model is used to forecast the consumption of energy for China in 2025 and the result is 1076.08 million tons of standard coal. It is of great significance to make scientific decisions and plans on energy development.
Research on health assessment of electric power information system based on deep belief networks and cluster analysis
Authors: Xu Haiqing , Li Hongfa , Chen Shitong , Wu Xiaohua
Published: March 2021

It has been a hot issue for a long time to effectively ensure the safe and stable operation of the power service information system and make a reasonable evaluation of the healthy operation of the power service information system. Without relying too much on the subjective experience and scoring of experts, this paper introduces a health assessment method based on deep belief networks and cluster analysis for the power service information system. Firstly, cluster analysis is used to obtain corresponding cluster centers and evaluation index sets based on the selected evaluation indexes of the information system. Secondly, the entropy weight method is adopted to score different clustering categories and obtain the corresponding health evaluation categories. Finally, based on the score of the healthy operation, the samples are supervised and trained by the deep belief network model, and then the objective comprehensive evaluation of the system is completed. Experiment results show that this model is more accurate than traditional SVM, KNN, random forest and LSTM. The proposed model has theoretical significance and practical value for the healthy operation evaluation of the power service information system.
Trading strategy of virtual power plant considering the complementarity of multiple distributed resources
Authors: Tan Bin , Ma Xin , Liu Chang , Xing Zhaosen , Chen Shijie , Shen Xiaodong
Published: March 2021

With the aggravation of the energy crisis and the enhancement of people’s awareness of environmental protection, distributed energy in the distribution network is growing rapidly in recent years. In this case, the concept of a virtual power plant (VPP) is proposed. VPP aggregates the capacity of many diverse DERs. This paper mainly focuses on formulating the market trading strategy of VPP and the operation strategy of internal resources. Firstly, the basic concepts of VPP are introduced. Secondly, to compare with the proposed model, the traditional deterministic model is introduced. Finally, the robust optimization model is proposed, the objective function is to maximize the profit, the operation conditions of internal resources, and the rules of VPP and market as constraints. The results show that the proposed model can be used as an effective decision-making tool for VPP.
The fifth anniversary of China’s new electricity market reform: an overview and enlightenment of subsidy mechanism for high-cost units
Authors: Qian Ma , Chen Baike , Huang Di , Huang Cheng , Jing Zhaoxia , Zhu Jisong , Song Yuhui
Published: March 2021

With the continuous deepening of China‘s electricity market reform, the problem that units with different costs compete in the same plat has become increasingly prominent. In the transitional period of market reform without capacity market, it is urgent to design a reasonable and effective subsidy mechanism for high-cost units to ensure their survival. This paper first summarizes the common subsidy mechanisms in China, and then introduces the design of subsidy mechanism for high-cost unit participation in the market in Guangdong, Zhejiang and Yunnan provinces. Finally, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the above three subsidy mechanisms, the design idea of participating in market competition for high-cost units is given.
Supervision mechanism of virtual bidding in electricity market: a review
Authors: Ding Wenjiao , Zhang Fan , Zhelin Yang , Liu Runze , Liu Yu , Jing Zhaoxia
Published: March 2021

In the reform of China‘s electricity market, most provinces adopt the centralized mode based on nodal pricing, thus the price convergence problem between day-ahead market and real-time market needs to be promoted. As a common practice in America, virtual bidding mechanism can promote price convergence, control market power and improve market efficiency. However, due to the financial nature of virtual bidding, virtual bidders may disrupt the market and obtain improper profits, thus damaging market efficiency and the interests of other participants. This paper summarizes the key characteristics of virtual bidding mechanisms in America, and analyzes the potential problems that by introducing virtual bidding into China. Then this paper summarizes the pre and post regulatory measures as well as credit mechanisms of virtual bidding in different electricity markets. In view of the cross-product manipulation through virtual bidding, this paper analyzes its principle and summarizes the regulation methods. Finally, considering the specific situation of China’s electricity market reform, this paper puts forward regulatory suggestions on implementing the virtual bidding mechanism in China.
Analysis of influence factors of embedded carbon in China’s textile and garment export based on SDA model
Authors: Yao Lei , Shang Tianshuo
Published: March 2021

The environment and climate problem has become the focus of international attention, for which China bears an important responsibility for the emission reduction. In this paper, the input-output method is used to reckon the embedded carbon in China‘s textile and garment trade, and the SDA index decomposition method is used to measure the environmental effect on sub-industries. It’s found from the study that, in terms of technology effect, the reduction of carbon emission intensity had an inhibitory effect on the embedded carbon emissions of various industries. In terms of structural effect, the four difference between results of the three industries present a state from positive to negative, indicating that the input structure tends to be reasonable. Scale effect has a positive effect on the growth of export implied carbon emissions.
Incentive regulation for electric vehicles sharing with marketing promotion and technical innovation
Authors: Yan Jinjiang , Huang Yunping , Wu Shuang
Published: March 2021

Electric vehicles (EVs) sharing with advantages in emission reduction and resources saving is supported by government subsidies. However, many incentive policies overlook that EVs sharing platforms have private information on technical capability and promotion effort levels. Based on incentive regulatory theory, this paper considers the industry feature of EVs sharing and establishes an incentive regulation model to study how the government can effectively incentive platforms to improve promotion effort as well as to make more technical innovation under different scenarios of information, and numerical results are presented to validate the model. The findings may bring useful references for policy makers in the process of designing incentive policy portfolios.
Detect the electricity theft event using text CNN
Authors: Xu Chenjin , Zhang Kai , Li Jianhua
Published: March 2021

The big data technology has been widely used in power consumption behavior analysis and power user portrait. In this paper, the electricity data is constructed as two-dimensional time-series. Based on the designed data structure, a special kind of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) named as text convolutional neural networks (TCNN) is proposed for electricity theft detection. Moreover, considering the imbalance of electricity theft data in realistic datasets, a data augmentation method is proposed. Numerical results obtained on realistic datasets validate the proposed model.
Boosting images quality of environment remote sensing based on Enhanced Contrast Stretching Algorithm
Authors: An Yuan , Cai Zhaohui , Ma Yingrui , Liu Chun , Li Hongbo
Published: March 2021

Remote sensing, especially the remote satellite images monitoring, plays an important role in environment research domain. They are widely used for environment statistics, changing patters discovery and prediction tasks. However, the raw remote sensing images are normally faced with noise problems and hard to do visual interpretation analysis, which also hurts the following environmental analysis, data mining and prediction tasks. To solve this challenge, we propose an Enhanced Contrast Stretching Algorithm (ECSA) based on Landsat ETM + images. The proposed algorithm converts the distance between the gray value of each pixel and the gray mean value of each single-band image into approximately normal distribution, and constructs a new gray scale transformation function on this basis to enhance the gray stretch ratio of each pixel, thereby realizing images enhancement. The experimental results on real-world data show that ECSA can effectively improve the images quality in environmental monitoring images, and acquire better color naturalness and detailed characteristics of environmental research targets. As a pre-processing images enhancement procedure, our proposed method could not only boost the images quality, but also, be conducive to do the visual interpretation of remote sensing images in environmental monitoring area, and can effectively improve the accuracy of subsequent research tasks.
Co-combustion kinetics characteristics of semi-coke and bituminous coal under a drop tube furnace
Authors: Guan Jingyu , Yu Qiang , Sun Rui , Huang Ying , Sun Hao , Wei Guohua , Wang Jingjie , Ma Xiaochun , Bai Zongqing , Zuo Guohua , Wang Xiaopeng , Li Wei , Wang Minghao , Yan Yanfei
Published: March 2021

Random pore model was employed to calculate the reaction kinetics parameters of SH bituminous coal and Shenmu semi-coke blended fuels under high-temperature entrained flow combustion, and the reaction kinetics parameters was modified by the intrinsic reaction Arrhenius curve obtained from low temperature thermogravimetric experiments. Then the combustion reaction rate and intrinsic reaction order at different blending ratios of semi-coke were determined. The reaction kinetics parameters and carbon conversion rate of blended fuels were investigated based on the pore structure of fuel, the effects of blending ratio of semi-coke, initial partial pressure of oxygen and reaction temperature. The reaction order decreases with the increasing of semi-coke blended ratio except 100% semi-coke combustion has higher reaction order approximately as char pure burning. The distribution of oxygen alone the radius of particle was also calculated in this study. In the low oxygen reduction zone, the blending ratio of semi-coke has little effect on the carbon conversion of blended fuel, and the blending effect is enhanced with the increasing of oxygen content. Carbon conversion rate decreases with the increasing of blending ratio and increases with reaction temperature.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the effects of different salts on methane hydrate formation: an analysis of NaCl, KCl and CaCl2
Authors: Xu Jiafang , Du Shuai , Yang Xuefeng , Hao Yongchao , Wang Xiaopu
Published: March 2021

The formation of hydrates in seawater is of great significance for hydrate prevention and control and seawater desalination. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the spontaneous methane hydrate formation in 3.5wt % (seawater salinity) NaCl, 3.5wt % KCl and 3.5wt % CaCl2 solution, respectively. Results indicated that salt inhibited the formation of hydrates, and the strength of inhibition followed the sequence of 3.5wt % CaCl2 > 3.5wt % NaCl > 3.5wt % KCl. Salt inhibited nucleation and growth of hydrates by suppressing methane dissolution and reducing the number of tetrahedral water molecules in the methane hydration layer. It was observed that Na+, K+ and Cl- can replace the water molecules in the hydrate cage to participate in the formation of the cage. Compared with the pure water system and KCl system with a fast hydrate growth rate, the randomness of hydrate crystallization was smaller in the NaCl system and CaCl2 system with slow hydrate growth rate.
The thermal Marangoni effect during photoelectrochemical conversion
Authors: Hu Xiaowei , Sun Meng , Zheng Jugan , Jiang Heqing
Published: March 2021

Marangoni effect is a convective effect produced by surface tension gradient and has an important influence on the efficiency of hydrogen production by photoelectrochemical conversion. In this paper, COMSOL Multiphysics was used for numerical simulation to build a Marangoni effect model at the bubble interface in the photoelectrochemical conversion process, to clarify the mechanism of Marangoni effect of bubbles on the surface of photoelectrodes, and to discuss the influence of Marangoni effect on the process of bubble growth and separation. The results show that the thermal effect of light will cause the Marangoni convection around the bubbles and form a negative pressure zone at the root of the bubbles, which will attract the surrounding bubbles. Gravity has little effect on Marangoni convection, and an increase in the intensity of incoming light enhances the Marangoni effect. At the same time, Marangoni convection leads to a Marangoni force on the surface of the bubble, which prevents the bubble from leaving the surface of the photoelectrode.
Energy simulation of p-PERC bifacial modules based on different installation environment
Authors: Jiang Yashuai , Huang Guoping , Zhuang Hao , Sun Guan , Li Jingnan
Published: March 2021

The bifacial-cell module can significantly increase the power output due to the back power generation gain, and is becoming research hot. In this paper energy simulation analysis is based on three types of systems in different regions, and the installation tilt, ground albedo and height above ground are compared respectively. The irradiation is dominating to produced energy. The modules located in Yinchuan under the situation of albedo 0.2, tilt 15° could generate 85.2 MWh/year, which is 6.1 MWh/year higher than the modules located in Beijing under the situation of albedo 0.8, tilt 30°. The modules generate more power under the situation that the installation tilt is close to latitude, the optimal tilt of Beijing, Yinchuan and Guangzhou is 30°, 30-35° and 15°. The higher the albedo of the ground, the greater the impact of tilt changes on produced energy. Meanwhile, the increasing height above ground promotes to the higher energy. And the produced energy is more sensitive to the variable value of ground albedo compared with height.
Design and test data analysis of a heating system for a wellhead room in a coal mine
Authors: Bai Yanbin , Yang Lizhong , Weiwei Tang , Luhan Yang
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces the design and the test data analysis of a heating system for a wellhead room in a coal mine. Combined with the system design, the actual operational data of the water jet spray heat exchange device was analysed to calculate some coefficients, the thermal efficiency and the spray heat resistance. For demonstrating the practical application of this heating system, a field test was conducted where the outdoor environment temperature was -7.4°C. The air outlet temperature of the air heating unit was 27.8°C and the air inlet temperature of a wellhead room after mixing the outdoor air and the hot air supplied from the air heating unit was 11.5°C. This performance data demonstrated that this mine return air heat exchange system well satisfies the heating requirement for the wellhead facilities in coal mines located in cold areas and shows significant advances in the designing and operation of the heating system.
Investigation of the characteristics of gaseous formaldehyde emission from synthetic rubbers assisted by S-TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Hu Jianhua , Yao Huazhen , Xu Hengzhe , Ni Zhumei , Dong Bingxia , Yuan Ronghui
Published: March 2021

Gaseous formaldehyde emission from synthetic rubbers was simulated using a 60-L environmental chamber to explore the effect of different rubbers on formaldehyde emission. The formaldehyde emission factor (EF) of synthetic rubbers was more likely to exceed the limit for mixed type, which was mainly attributed to the quality of the adhesives in raw materials. Furthermore, the emission characteristics of mixed-type rubbers in small chambers were obtained. EF rapidly increased, especially during the inception stage, and then its rate of increase slowed, reaching a peak at approximately 4-5 h. The relative standard deviations of EF were within 5% when the measurement was extended to 13 h. This method can be used to monitor volatile hazardous substances emanating from synthetic rubbers, providing a theoretical basis for corresponding supervision. In addition, to degrade the background values in chambers, the photo-induced reactions were catalyzed with S-doped TiO2 under visible light, as this helped to shorten the pre-treatment time of the air in the chamber.
A new geological modeling method for the discrete multiple media in unconventional tight reservoirs
Authors: Xu Mengya , Shen Guanzhong , Dong JiaXin
Published: March 2021

The composition and quantity distribution patterns of porous media and fractured media at different scales are quite different, which show discrete discontinuous distribution in space. On the basis of the complex features of continental tight oil and gas reservoirs, the paper presented a new modeling method for the discrete multiple media at different scales and different spatial distribution. The dynamic fluid flow behaviour of different numeric composition of pores and fractured media at different scales is simulated, and the production and recovery rules are revealed under different interactive distribution modes, which lead to different production and recovery.
Monte carlo optimization of multi-layer semiconductor material
Authors: Zhang Hongyi , Wan Qian
Published: March 2021

At present, the demand for various types of semiconductor devices is increasing, and under the current situation of energy shortage, the improvement of the energy efficiency of semiconductors is the top priority for development of science and technology. For this purpose, this article establishes a physical model and mathematical optimization model for multi-layer semiconductors based on Monte Carlo Simulation. The developed model and corresponding equations are derived from thermodynamic theory and principles, and the computer programming is set up to get the optimal design of multilayer semiconductors through Monte Carlo simulation to achieve higher energy efficiency.
Experimental study on sludge adhesion reduction using surface electro-osmotic pulse
Authors: Wang Guanjun , Li Fangqin , Ren Jianxing , Sun Chenhao
Published: March 2021

The dewatering and drying of sludge are important to achieve volume reduction and resource utilization, while the sticky properties of sludge is one of the main problems in the dewatering and drying process. Therefore, reducing the viscosity of sludge and the amount of sludge adhesion is critical to improving the operating efficiency of drying equipment. In practice, the surface electro-osmosis has been used to reduce the adhesion of soil to a loading shovel, and electro-osmotic pulse is applied to a concrete structure to achieve humidity reduction. In this research, the effect of surface electro-osmosis pulse on reducing the adhesion of sludge is studied by using a periodically changing electric field combined with surface electroosmosis technology. The results showed that with surface electro-osmosis pulse, the sludge adhesion stress is reduced from 1514.7 to 820.5Pa at 45% water content within 10s, which indicates that surface electro-osmosis pulse has application value in dewatering and drying process.
Numerical investigation on the swirler parameters for an axial liquid-liquid hydrocyclone
Authors: Zhan Min , Cheng Xinping , Yang Wanyou , Zhang Fenghui , Guo Peiwen , Shen Qiong
Published: March 2021

The exploitation of most oil fields has entered the middle and late stages and the proportion of water in the mixture extracted from the oil fields at this stage is very high, even reaching 80%-90%. In order to lower the cost of exploitation and make the oil field more sustainable, oil and water separation needs to be carried out downhole. The downhole space is small, and the separation device should be small and efficient. Therefore, this paper studies the axial flow oil-water separator that can be used for downhole oil-water separation. Study the influence of swirler structural parameters on the velocity field in the separator, and find structural parameters that are more beneficial to oil-water separation. The results show that increasing the outlet angle of the guide vane, the twisted diameter of the blade and the number of blades can all increase the tangential velocity of the flow field in the separation section, and generate centrifugal force to promote the aggregation of light fluid towards the center.
Effect of velocity and water cut on water distribution in elbows of petroleum pipelines
Authors: Lin Nan , Meng Tao , Zhou Shaokun , Luo Yanlong , Wang Haitao , Du Jianmei
Published: March 2021

As one of the main energy sources, petroleum and natural gas are widely used around the world. Safety of the transportation causes more attentions recently. Currently, since some oil wells are in the late period of the production, water pre-injection is often used to rise the well pressure. Thus, the water cut is usually high in oil gathering pipelines. The inner wall of pipelines without coating would be corroded by contacting with the mixed corrosive medium and water during the long-term running, which may even lead to leakage accidents. Researches about flow pattern of oil-water multiphase flow pipes are mainly about straight pipelines, but few about elbows. In this work, water distributions in elbows of gathering pipelines were studied according to the experimental results and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results. The water deposited when the fluid velocity was low enough and the water cut is high. According to the simulation results and experimental results, an oil-water phase inversion curve was obtained to be guidance for water distribution analysis in elbows.
Flexible electrochromic supercapacitor based on multifunctional hydrogel
Authors: Xu Wen-Wen , Zhao Shi-Qing , Chen Cheng , Liu Yan-Hua
Published: March 2021

The world is facing serious environmental problems such as global warming, air pollution, rising energy extraction costs, and declining oil and gas production capacity, scientists are paying more and more attention to environmental protection, saving resources, and developing clean energy. In recent years, electrochromic supercapacitors have cleverly combined the two characteristics of electrochromism and energy storage, so they have received more and more attention and have broad application prospects in the fields of smart windows and smart displays. In this paper, a three-layer electrochromic supercapacitor based on the multifunctional hydrogel is proposed. It consists of the silver conductive film made of silver nanowires, Polymer (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) film and the multifunctional hydrogel based on lithium chloride and acrylamide. The single-layer hydrogel layer has both good conductivity and high ion mobility, replacing the ion conducting layer and ion storage layer in traditional devices, simplifying the device architecture, thereby greatly reducing production costs. The silver conductive film made of silver nanowires has the advantages of simple manufacturing process and high conductivity. PEDOT:PSS is a material with good electrochromic and capacitive activity. The device has a contrast ratio of 35 % at a wavelength of 650 nm at a voltage of -1.8 V, and the area capacitance can reach 0.58 mF/cm2 at a low scan rate of 0.1 V / s. We believe that this novel electrochromic supercapacitor will have huge potential applications in smart electronic products and smart windows.
Numerical investigation of thermo hydraulic characteristics of monoblock module of EAST divertor
Authors: Cheng Desheng , Wang Weihua , shi Bo , Deng Haifei , Lu Wei , Wang Shenhao
Published: March 2021

The Engineering design of divertor is one of the most important topics in nuclear fusion research. The primary problem in the design of divertor is to discharge the large amount of energy from high-energy plasma particles to ensure that the operation of fusion devices can be safe and stable for a long time. Based on the temperature of the divertor target plate measured in a discharge of the EAST experimental device, we carry out numerical simulations to examine the thermal and hydraulic performance of the Monoblock module. The ANSYS software is used for the simulations on the fluid-solid coupling phenomenon of a simplified model. The ANSYS parallel module and 30 CPUs are used for parallel computing, and periodic temperature pulses are loaded on the top surface of a tungsten divertor tile to investigate the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of Monoblock module. We find the pattern in which the distributions of temperature and heat flux change over time. The maximum temperature mainly depends on the peak heat flux of high-energy particles and the duration of pulses, The temperature of the interface of each component and of coolant outlet are all related to the density of discharge pulse and the duration of discharge, and the temperature of the interface of each component will reach to an equilibrium under the condition of stable discharge heat flow. The results provide support for the structural design of a stable EAST divertor.
Structure and ionic conductivity of gel polymer electrolytes based on PVDF/P(AMPS-TFEMA) blend membranes
Authors: Zang Ru-Yi , Qiu Guang-Ming , Zhang Yan-Li , Wang Hai-Bo
Published: March 2021

The copolymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) was performed to synthesize the random copolymer P (AMPS-TFEMA). This polymer was blended with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare the new blend membranes containing sulfonate. The blend membranes were activated with 1 M LiPF6 solution to prepare gel polymer electrolytes. The thermal properties, morphology, mechanical properties, uptake electrolyte, and electrochemical properties of blend membranes were characterized. The effect of polymer on the membrane structure and performance was studied. At room temperature, the gel polymer electrolyte conductivity of P(AMPS-TFEMA) 30 wt% was up to 2.6 mS cm-1(uptake electrolyte 550%, swelling ratio less than 10%), and the electrochemical window was up to 4 V, which were acceptable for lithium ion batteries( LIBs).
System Development of Making an Image Map Based on Google Earth
Authors: Lei Rongzhi , Yang Weifang , Yang Shuwen
Published: March 2021

With the advent of the information age, the establishment of high-precision, low-cost digital image maps are increasingly more important for surveying and mapping engineering, land management, forestry, and marine monitoring. Combining real remote sensing imagery with computer science and technology to produce an intuitive and clear digital image map has become a trend in the development of GIS systems today, but professional image data is expensive to purchase, resulting in greatly improving system development cost. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method based on Google Earth and GIS technology to develop a system for application.

The system mainly includes geographic information collection (according to remote sensing image acquisition), geographic information storage and management (using database technology) and digital map production three Module. The key technologies of the system are the establishment of regional geographic model, attribute data management, the establishment of information database and information query and analysis.

The system can provide digital image maps with high efficiency and low production, and establish the database to realize the timely exchange and sharing of geographic data. Compared with the traditional drawing method, the system reduces the cost of development, and improves the authenticity, intuitiveness and practicability of the GIS system; and compared with MapInfo and ArcView, the system is easier to operate and to draw efficiently without professional image data. The digital image map made by the system can save a lot of manpower, material and financial resources after the actual production, which improve the work efficiency and reduce work intensity, and also provide theoretical and technical guidance for the current surveying curriculum teaching.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Melilotoides ruthenica: Structural Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis in Leguminosae
Authors: Yan Weihong , Shi Wengui , Tian Qingsong , Li Zhiyong , Gao Haijuan
Published: March 2021

Melilotoides ruthenica is used for herbage with high nutrition and anti-drought. Complete chloroplast genomes are employed for the relationship analysis of phylogeny within plant families. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to exhibit the sequence of complete chloroplast of M. ruthenica. The genome is constituted by a circular molecule (130,149 base pairs (bp)) which contained only one copy of inverted repeat sequence. The genome encodes 116 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes (73.28%), 26 tRNA genes (22.41%), and 5 rRNA genes (4.31%), respectively. 113 genes are single copy and 3 genes (psaA, ndhK, and ccsA) have double copies that are duplicated in the cp genome. The coding capacity of protein-coding genes of totally 17,455 codons was represented in the M. ruthenica cp genome. Among these codons, 776 encoding for isoleucine and 48 for cysteine are the most and the least amino acids, respectively. The M. ruthenica cp genome has 12 intron-containing genes and the gene rps12 is trans-splicing in the cp genome. High codon usage was observed for phenylalanine and leucine. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that M. ruthenica and Medicago truncatula have close relationship with Vicia Sativa, Lens Calinaris and Lathyrus Tingitanus. Our results help to develop the chloroplast molecular biology and provide data information for the study of genetic breeding of M. ruthenica.
Develop an Ecological Chain Based Strategy for Leisure Agricultural Tourism
Authors: Meng Tiexin
Published: March 2021

With the rapid development of China’s tourism industry, the mode of tourism development has undergone profound changes. In particular, within the context of China’s vigorous implementation of the “Rural Revitalization Plan”, more and more attention has been focused on promoting the development of leisure agricultural tourism. At present, there are still many weak links in developing leisure agricultural tourism in many parts of the country. Especially, the construction of ecological system is far from perfect. From the perspective of ecological chain, the development of leisure agricultural tourism is studied and analyzed in depth. Based on analysis of necessities of leisure agricultural tourism development supported by ecological chain, prominent problems currently affecting the development of leisure agricultural tourism are analyzed, and corresponding measures are proposed.
Effect of γ - polyglutamic Acid on Available Phosphorus in Soil with Phosphate Rock Powder
Authors: Xue Yanan , Zhang Wenhui
Published: March 2021

The effect of γ - polyglutamic acid on the activation of phosphorus in aeolian sandy soil was studied by soil culture in the laboratory. The results showed that compared with the control group (phosphate rock powder group), the net increase of available phosphorus content in soil of phosphate rock powder and γ - polyglutamic acid treatment group was as high as 36.15%, which suggesting that γ - polyglutamic acid increased the content of available phosphorus in soil.
Inverse problems for the fractional-Laplacian with lower order non-local perturbations
Authors: Bhattacharyya S. , Ghosh T. , Uhlmann G.
Published: March 2021

In this article, we introduce a model featuring a Lévy process in a bounded domain with semi-transparent boundary, by considering the fractional Laplacian operator with lower order non-local perturbations. We study the wellposedness of the model, certain qualitative properties and Runge type approximation. Furthermore, we consider the inverse problem of determining the unknown coefficients in our model from the exterior measurements of the corresponding Cauchy data. We also discuss the recovery of all the unknown coefficients from a single measurement.
Driven by the Market: African American Literature after Urban Fiction
Authors: Nishikawa Kinohi
Published: March 2021

Kenneth W. Warren’s What Was African American Literature? (2011) compelled literary historians to question deeply held assumptions about periodization and racial authorship. While critics have taken issue with Warren aligning African American literature with Jim Crow segregation, none has examined his account of what came after this conjuncture: namely, the market’s wholesale cooptation of Black writing. By following the career of African American popular novelist Omar Tyree, this essay shows how corporate publishers in the 1990s and 2000s redefined African American literature as a sales category, one that combined a steady stream of recognized authors with a mad dash for amateur talent. Tyree had been part of the first wave of self-published authors to be picked up by major New York houses. However, as soon as he was made to conform to the industry’s demands, Tyree was eclipsed by Black women writers who developed the hard-boiled romance genre known as urban fiction. As Tyree saw his literary fortunes fade, corporate publishing became increasingly reliant on Black book entrepreneurs to sustain the category of African American literature, thereby turning racial authorship into a vehicle for realizing profits.
Simultaneous Mastopexy Explantation With a Vertical Bipedicle and Novel Open Pattern Marking Technique
Authors: Hirsch Elliot M
Published: March 2021

There are limited studies in the plastic surgery literature that detail technical considerations in simultaneous breast implant removal and mastopexy procedures. These procedures are difficult, with significant potential for complications and poor cosmesis. The current plastic surgery literature describes a limited number of techniques that address these concerns, virtually all of which are variants of superior or superior medial pedicle vertical pattern mastopexy. This paper details a safe technique for simultaneous explantation and mastopexy with a novel open marking pattern and vertical bipedicle, which can restore breast cosmesis following implant removal. The study will briefly retrospectively review the results of a consecutive series of 86 patients who underwent this procedure from November 2018 to November 2019, with no incidence of partial or total nipple-areola complex necrosis. Thus, the technique is safe and allows the flexibility for intraoperative adjustments that are necessary for these procedures. A future study will conduct a more in-depth analysis of the results.

Level of Evidence: 4
Hierarchical mixed-model expedites genome-wide longitudinal association analysis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Song Yuxin , Gao Jin , Zhang Hengyu , Yang Ning , Yang Runqing
Published: March 2021

A hierarchical random regression model (Hi-RRM) was extended into a genome-wide association analysis for longitudinal data, which significantly reduced the dimensionality of repeated measurements. The Hi-RRM first modeled the phenotypic trajectory of each individual using a RRM and then associated phenotypic regressions with genetic markers using a multivariate mixed model (mvLMM). By spectral decomposition of genomic relationship and regression covariance matrices, the mvLMM was transformed into a multiple linear regression, which improved computing efficiency while implementing mvLMM associations in efficient mixed-model association expedited (EMMAX). Compared with the existing RRM-based association analyses, the statistical utility of Hi-RRM was demonstrated by simulation experiments. The method proposed here was also applied to find the quantitative trait nucleotides controlling the growth pattern of egg weights in poultry data.
Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis reveals that theSaccharomyces cerevisiae CGI121gene affects lag time duration in synthetic grape must
Authors: Li Runze , Deed Rebecca C
Published: March 2021

It is standard practice to ferment white wines at low temperatures (10–18°C). However, low temperatures increase fermentation duration and risk of problem ferments, leading to significant costs. The lag duration at fermentation initiation is heavily impacted by temperature; therefore, identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes influencing fermentation kinetics is of interest for winemaking. We selected 28 S. cerevisiae BY4743 single deletants, from a prior list of open reading frames (ORFs) mapped to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on Chr. VII and XIII, influencing the duration of fermentative lag time. Five BY4743 deletants, Δapt1, Δcgi121, Δclb6, Δrps17a, and Δvma21, differed significantly in their fermentative lag duration compared to BY4743 in synthetic grape must (SGM) at 15 °C, over 72 h. Fermentation at 12.5°C for 528 h confirmed the longer lag times of BY4743 Δcgi121, Δrps17a, and Δvma21. These three candidates ORFs were deleted in S. cerevisiae RM11-1a and S288C to perform single reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA). RHA hybrids and single deletants of RM11-1a and S288C were fermented at 12.5°C in SGM and lag time measurements confirmed that the S288C allele of CGI121 on Chr. XIII, encoding a component of the EKC/KEOPS complex, increased fermentative lag phase duration. Nucleotide sequences of RM11-1a and S288C CGI121 alleles differed by only one synonymous nucleotide, suggesting that intron splicing, codon bias, or positional effects might be responsible for the impact on lag phase duration. This research demonstrates a new role of CGI121 and highlights the applicability of QTL analysis for investigating complex phenotypic traits in yeast.
Predicting mental burnout among Israeli Home Front Command soldiers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Antonovsky Avishai , Danon Roey , Schiff Miriam , Shelef Leah
Published: March 2021

Background

The present study examined personality, situational and organizational predictors of burnout during COVID-19 in a military setting, based on the salutogenic theory of health (Antonovsky, 1987).

Method

Questionnaires were completed by 116 reserve Israeli Home Front Command medical staff (71% males). Background variables (e.g., gender), personality variables (self-efficacy and sense of coherence - SOC), situational variables (state-anxiety, self-rated health and sense of threat) and organizational variables (satisfaction with military’s and government’s handling of the COVID-19 crisis) were measured as predictors of burnout.

Results

Females had higher levels of state anxiety and burnout compared to males. Females also reported a lower level of satisfaction with the military’s handling of the COVID-19 crisis than males. SOC and state anxiety were the only statistically significant predictors of burnout after controlling for sociodemographic variables. The entire model explained 59.4% of the burnout variance.

Conclusion

In accordance with salutogenic theory, SOC is associated with active adaptation through use of generalized and specific resistance resources to avoid burnout in a stressful milieu. Psychological support, psychoeducation and simulation training are offered to increase manageability in crisis situations.

Limitations

Following a large dropout rate due to being quarantined, the final sample size was much smaller than planned. Also, although previous longitudinal studies have found SOC to be a causal factor in burnout, the present cross-sectional design limits such conclusions.
Birth Control Access and Selection among Youths Experiencing Homelessness in the United States: A Review
Authors: Aparicio Elizabeth M , Kachingwe Olivia N , Fleishman Jamie , Novick Julia
Published: March 2021

Youths experiencing homelessness (YEH) become pregnant at five times the general population rate. Education, social, and health care systems struggle to adequately address this young community’s sexual and reproductive health needs, yet social workers are well positioned across sectors to address their sexual and reproductive health and well-being. A growing body of literature exists on the factors affecting YEH’s access and selection of birth control, prompting the present review that aimed to understand this process and inform better attuned sexual and reproductive health approaches. Using a systematic search and analytic approach, we retrieved 203 articles, of which 23 met inclusion criteria. Key findings emerged across socioecological levels, including barriers and facilitators to condom use; the differential impact on YEH of hormonal birth control side effects; and the devastating effects of economic insecurity leading to sexual exploitation, survival sex, and exposure to violence. Implications include the need for multilevel intervention that addresses youths’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior as well the need to improve social norms and system design to provide better attuned care for YEH.
Exploring multi-stakeholder perceptions of practice-related facilitators to optimising the quality of integration of regulated pharmacy technicians in community pharmacy in Ontario: a qualitative study
Authors: Jetha Maryam , Man Kenneth K C , Abdulla Dalya , Austin Zubin
Published: March 2021

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate multi-stakeholder perceptions of practice-related facilitators to optimising the quality of Regulated Pharmacy Technician (RPT) integration into the community workforce in Ontario. Facilitators to incorporating technicians into the workflow and supporting their optimal scope of practice were explored.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory study comprising a series of one-to-one interviews using a piloted, semi-structured interview guide was conducted with four community pharmacy stakeholder groups; pharmacists, RPTs, pharmacy assistants and pharmacy owners. Interviews were conducted until saturation of themes. Verbatim transcripts were coded inductively using the software, NVivo v12 (QSR International) and general inductive analysis identified key findings.

Key findings

Twenty-seven interviews were conducted consisting of seven pharmacists, seven RPTs, eight assistants and five pharmacy owners working within community pharmacy and/or academia or hospital. All participants from every stakeholder group acknowledged that the promise of regulation of pharmacy technicians was unfulfilled in practice. Three major themes of practical significance were derived: (i) A viable business plan that incorporates RPT remuneration and ensures sustainability is a facilitator to fuller integration of RPTs, (ii) Planning the pharmacy workflow to support RPTs’ and pharmacists’ evolving scopes is a facilitator to RPT integration and (iii) Schedule planning to incorporate RPTs and appropriate staffing ratios in relation to prescription volume and pharmacy services allows for optimal utilisation of RPT skills and facilitates their integration.

Conclusions

Achieving integration of RPTs into the business of a community pharmacy has educational, workplace and regulatory implications, requiring the effective engagement of all stakeholders in pharmacy.
Invasive plant rhizome production and competitiveness vary based on neighbor identity
Authors: Smith Alyssa Laney , Atwater Daniel Z , Kim Wonjae , Haak David C , Barney Jacob N
Published: March 2021

Aims

Within-species genetic and phenotypic variation have well-known effects on evolutionary processes, but less is known about how within-species variation may influence community-level processes. Ecologically meaningful intraspecific variation might be particularly important in the context of anthropogenic impacts on natural systems, such as agriculture and species invasion, because human actions can cause strong selection pressures.

Methods

In a greenhouse study, we explored intraspecific (30 accessions) and ecotypic variation (representing agricultural and nonagricultural habitats) in biomass and rhizome production in response to inter- and intraspecific competition and soil fertility of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), a widespread invasive species and agricultural weed.

Important Findings

Contrary to our expectations and previous results, we did not find variation in biomass production among Johnsongrass ecotypes at this early life stage. However, we did find that Johnsongrass biomass varied substantially depending on competitor identity, soil fertility treatments and among accessions. Rhizomes were 11% larger in the agricultural ecotype and up to 3-fold larger in fertilized treatment; while rhizome biomass increased by ~50% when fertilized, but did not differ among ecotypes. Interestingly, in competition, Johnsongrass produced 32% less biomass and 20% less rhizome mass with a conspecific than when competing interspecifically with corn. Our results indicate species-specific competitive responses and changes in rhizome allocation in response to neighbor identity; suggesting the possibility of adaptation by Johnsongrass to shift allocation under competition.