bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stretchable Transistor‐Structured Artificial Synapses for Neuromorphic Electronics
Authors: Wang Xiumei , Yang Huihuang , Li Enlong , Cao Chunbin , Zheng Wen , Chen Huipeng , Li Wenwu
Published: February 2023

Stretchable synaptic transistors, a core technology in neuromorphic electronics, have functions and structures similar to biological synapses and can concurrently transmit signals and learn. Stretchable synaptic transistors are usually soft and stretchy and can accommodate various mechanical deformations, which presents significant prospects in soft machines, electronic skin, human–brain interfaces, and wearable electronics. Considerable efforts have been devoted to developing stretchable synaptic transistors to implement electronic device neuromorphic functions, and remarkable advances have been achieved. Here, this review introduces the basic concept of artificial synaptic transistors and summarizes the recent progress in device structures, functional‐layer materials, and fabrication processes. Classical stretchable synaptic transistors, including electric double‐layer synaptic transistors, electrochemical synaptic transistors, and optoelectronic synaptic transistors, as well as the applications of stretchable synaptic transistors in light‐sensory systems, tactile‐sensory systems, and multisensory artificial‐nerves systems, are discussed. Finally, the current challenges and potential directions of stretchable synaptic transistors are analyzed. This review presents a detailed introduction to the recent progress in stretchable synaptic transistors from basic concept to applications, providing a reference for the development of stretchable synaptic transistors in the future.
Understanding the Visible Absorption of Electron Accepting and Donating CNDs
Authors: Reva Yana , Jana Bikash , Langford Daniel , Kinzelmann Marina , Bo Yifan , Schol Peter R. , Scharl Tobias , Zhao Xinyi , Crisp Ryan W. , Drewello Thomas , Clark Timothy , Cadranel Alejandro , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: February 2023

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) synthesized from citric acid and formyl derivatives, that is, formamide, urea, or N‐methylformamide, stand out through their broad‐range visible‐light absorbance and extraordinary photostability. Despite their potential, their use has thus far been limited to imaging research. This work has now investigated the link between CNDs’ photochemical properties and their chemical structure. Electron‐rich, yellow carbon nanodots (yCNDs) are obtained with in situ addition of NaOH during the synthesis, whereas otherwise electron‐poor, red carbon nanodots (rCNDs) are obtained. These properties originate from the reduced and oxidized dimer of citrazinic acid within the matrix of yCNDs and rCNDs, respectively. Remarkably, yCNDs deposited on TiO2 give a 30% higher photocurrent density of 0.7 mA cm−2 at +0.3 V versus Ag/AgCl under Xe‐lamp irradiation (450 nm long‐pass filter, 100 mW cm−2) than rCNDs. The difference in overall photoelectric performance is due to fundamentally different charge‐transfer mechanisms. These depend on either the electron‐accepting or the electron‐donating nature of the CNDs, as is evident from photoelectrochemical tests with TiO2 and NiO and time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements.
High‐Performance CMOS Inverter Array with Monolithic 3D Architecture Based on CVD‐Grown n‐MoS2 and p‐MoTe2
Authors: Jia Xionghui , Cheng Zhixuan , Han Bo , Cheng Xing , Wang Qi , Ran Yuqia , Xu Wanjin , Li Yanping , Gao Peng , Dai Lun
Published: February 2023

In this work, monolithic three‐dimensional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter array has been fabricated, based on large‐scale n‐MoS2 and p‐MoTe2 grown by the chemical vapor deposition method. In the CMOS device, the n‐ and p‐channel field‐effect transistors (FETs) stack vertically and share the same gate electrode. High k HfO2 is used as the gate dielectric. An Al2O3 seed layer is used to protect the MoS2 from heavily n‐doping in the later‐on atomic layer deposition process. P‐MoTe2 FET is intentionally designed as the upper layer. Because p‐doping of MoTe2 results from oxygen and water in the air, this design can guarantee a higher hole density of MoTe2. An HfO2 capping layer is employed to further balance the transfer curves of n‐ and p‐channel FETs and improve the performance of the inverter. The typical gain and power consumption of the CMOS devices are about 4.2 and 0.11 nW, respectively, at VDD of 1 V. The statistical results show that the CMOS array is with high device yield (60%) and an average voltage gain value of about 3.6 at VDD of 1 V. This work demonstrates the advantage of two‐dimensional semi‐conductive transition metal dichalcogenides in fabricating high‐density integrated circuits.
Pragmatism as practice theory: The experience of systems and OR scholars
Authors: Ormerod Richard
Published: February 2023

The paper examines the application of American pragmatism by systems and OR scholars who attempt to understand the interactions between consultants and clients at a detailed level. Specifically it examines whether pragmatism can be considered to be a practice theory by examining the empirical evidence of published case studies. A search of mainly OR journals identified 12 published papers containing detailed descriptions of behaviour in systems and OR interventions. On closer examination, six were found to be based on pragmatism through their reliance on boundary theory; five utilised grounded theory; the remaining paper utilised unbounded systems theory, which is based explicitly on pragmatism. Nine conclusions are reached which summarise the progress to date of utilising pragmatism‐as‐a‐practice‐theory and three which point to the potential for future research, collaboration and application in the systems/OR domain. The paper addresses the perceived lack of empirical application of pragmatism to everyday affairs.
Investigating river–aquifer interactions using heat as a tracer in the Silala river transboundary basin
Authors: Suárez Francisco , Sandoval Victoria , Sarabia Andrés , Muñoz José F.
Published: February 2023

This article reviews scientific studies in which heat was used as a natural tracer to investigate stream–aquifer interactions in the Silala River in Chile and provide evidence that was used to support a legal dispute between Chile and Bolivia over the status and use of the waters of this watercourse. Streambed temperature time series at various locations downstream of the Chile‐Bolivia international border showed that water flows downwards through the streambed sediments, from the river towards the fluvial aquifer. These findings are consistent with hydraulic head measurements performed at the study site. Additionally, fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing (FO‐DTS) methods were employed to observe river temperatures with a spatial resolution of the order of 0.5 m in a river reach of ~1.3 km. FO‐DTS technology allowed detection of various warm springs that discharged their waters into the Silala River, as well as the location of an artesian well that supplies the river with ~90 L/s of deep groundwater at ~20 °C. The results provided improved understanding of the Silala River hydrogeology, and were used to calibrate and validate a groundwater model of the system, reported elsewhere. Both methodologies demonstrated that the river is indeed a system of surface waters and groundwaters interacting as a unitary whole, a key aspect of the definition of an international watercourse, and generated valuable scientific evidence to support a major international legal dispute.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Science of Water > Methods
Introduction to Policing in the Pacific
Authors: Watson Danielle , Howes Loene , Dinnen Sinclair , Bull Melissa , Amin Sara N.
Published: February 2023

Research on policing in the Pacific Islands draws from multiple disciplines, reflecting the multifaceted nature of policing in local contexts that neither fit a Western model of statehood nor adopt an analytic position from the global North. This chapter sets the scene for a focused, contextualised and interdisciplinary discussion of policing in Pacific Islands countries and territories. It recognises the need to analyse policing both within the broader context of the global dynamics of policing, crime and (in)security, and within the specific, complex, and diverse countries and territories of the region. The chapter outlines the structure of the book and provides an overview of the chapters that follow.
Dapagliflozin protects against dilated cardiomyopathy progression by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Hu Jiaxin , Xu Jiamin , Tan Xi , Li Dong , Yao Dejiang , Xu Biao , Lei Yuhua
Published: February 2023

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the major cause of heart failure and has a poor prognosis. The accumulating evidence points to an essential role of the inflammatory component in the process of DCM. Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) are widely used to treat heart failure patients due to their cardiac benefits. However, their role in DCM remains unclear. We used the doxorubicin (Dox)-induced DCM model for our study. The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (Dapa) improved cardiac function in mice treated with doxorubicin and attenuated the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, dapagliflozin suppresses NLRP3 activation by decreasing p38-dependent toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. In our study, dagliflozin improves cardiac function in DCM by inhibiting the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Graphical Abstract
NOTCH3 missense mutations as predictor of long-term response to gemcitabine in a patient with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Schmidt Moritz , Mattern Sven , Singer Stephan , Schulze Martin , Biskup Saskia , Krumm Patrick , Lauer Ulrich M. , Zender Lars , Hinterleitner Clemens , Hinterleitner Martina
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) as a very rare malignant vascular tumor belongs to the heterogenous group of soft-tissue sarcomas. Depending on the clinical course of the disease, interdisciplinary treatment concepts are required, including surgery, radiotherapy and systemic cancer therapy. However, due to its uncommonness, standard treatment options are lacking so far, especially in advanced disease with distant metastases.

Methods and results

Here we report on an unusual case of a patient with metastasized EHE showing long-term response to second line treatment with gemcitabine over almost 2 decades. Cancer genome sequencing of the patient’s tumor tissue detected a NOTCH3 missense mutation which could provide an explanation for these clinical findings. NOTCH3 is known to be a mediator of resistance towards gemcitabine-based cancer treatment, at least in pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.

Conclusion

The observation that this missense mutation of NOTCH3 is associated with an increased response to treatment with gemcitabine in EHE can be used prospectively to assess NOTCH3 as potential biomarker for predicting therapy response to gemcitabine.
Geometry of charged rotating discs of dust in Einstein-Maxwell theory
Authors: Rumler David , Kleinwächter Andreas , Meinel Reinhard
Published: February 2023

Within the framework of Einstein-Maxwell theory geometric properties of charged rotating discs of dust, using a post-Newtonian expansion up to tenth order, are discussed. Investigating the disc’s proper radius and the proper circumference allows us to address questions related to the Ehrenfest paradox. In the Newtonian limit there is an agreement with a rotating disc from special relativity. The charged rotating disc of dust also possesses material-like properties. A fundamental geometric property of the disc is its Gaussian curvature. The result obtained for the charged rotating disc of dust is checked by additionally calculating the Gaussian curvature of the analytic limiting cases (charged rotating) Maclaurin disc, electrically counterpoised dust-disc and uncharged rotating disc of dust. We find that by increasing the disc’s specific charge there occurs a transition from negative to positive curvature.
Dissociation Between Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Statistical Learning in Children with Autism
Authors: Hu Anqi , Kozloff Violet , Owen Van Horne Amanda , Chugani Diane , Qi Zhenghan
Published: February 2023

Statistical learning (SL), the ability to detect and extract regularities from inputs, is considered a domain-general building block for typical language development. We compared 55 verbal children with autism (ASD, 6–12 years) and 50 typically-developing children in four SL tasks. The ASD group exhibited reduced learning in the linguistic SL tasks (syllable and letter), but showed intact learning for the nonlinguistic SL tasks (tone and image). In the ASD group, better linguistic SL was associated with higher language skills measured by parental report and sentence recall. Therefore, the atypicality of SL in autism is not domain-general but tied to specific processing constraints related to verbal stimuli. Our findings provide a novel perspective for understanding language heterogeneity in autism.
Dietary traits of the ungulates from the Middle Pleistocene sequence of Lazaret Cave: palaeoecological and archaeological implications
Authors: Rivals Florent , Cohen Jessica , Desclaux Emmanuel
Published: February 2023

Dietary traits in ungulates from Lazaret Cave were analysed for possible changes in ecological niches throughout the marine isotopic stage (MIS) 6 sequence of the site and to investigate the duration of the occupations corresponding to the accumulation of ungulate remains by human groups. The analysis revealed changes in dietary diversity throughout the sequence related to the climatic and environmental changes of the MIS 6. These changes affected the availability of vegetal resources, competition among species, and the distribution and movement of the ungulates in the territory. Human groups were also affected by these changes, as the archaeological record of Lazaret Cave in the duration of occupations at the different levels shows. The response of the large mammal communities to persistent climatic instability is reflected in differences between the sites of southern France of the MIS 6, where species show different dietary traits.
Assessment of water quality and its effect on prawn abundance in three tributaries of Shiwalik rivers: Chenab and Ravi of Jammu, India—a case study
Authors: Slathia Nidhi , Langer Seema , Jasrotia Raman
Published: February 2023

The freshwater rivers from Shiwalik Himalayas have abundant prawn resources of high economic value and play a major role in the livelihood of local fishermen. The present study aimed to determine the variation in prawn abundance explained by changes in water quality among three different streams (Gho Manhasa stream, Chadwal stream and Nagri stream). The highest abundance of prawns was found in the Gho Manhasa during the premonsoon season and lowest in the Chadwal stream during the monsoon season. Chadwal stream witnessed maximum anthropogenic activities resulting in the decline of the water quality affecting prawn fauna. Cluster analysis based on similarity in terms of prawn abundance revealed that the Chadwal stream is different from the other two streams whereas non-metric multidimensional scaling plot based on species abundance corresponding to different seasons and physiochemical parameters showed the water quality of the monsoon season of the Chadwal stream to be extremely different. Principal component analysis showed clear separation across various sites and seasons based on physicochemical parameters. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the turbidity, total dissolved solids, nitrate, chloride, calcium, magnesium and dissolved oxygen are significant parameters influencing the abundance of prawns. The population ofMacrobrachiumdayanumandMacrobrachiumkistnensewas very less in the Chadwal stream owing to unfavorable physicochemical parameters. Therefore, conservation measures are suggested which should be immediately implemented before the streams witness a further decline in their populations.
Automated Interpretation of Place Descriptions: Determining Entity Types for Querying OSM
Authors: Yousaf Madiha , Schwartz Tobias , Wolter Diedrich
Published: February 2023

This paper is concerned with interpretation of natural language place descriptions, as they are a rich source of geographic information. A place description is interpreted by matching geographic entities occurring in the text against the OpenStreetMap (OSM) database. This paper is mainly concerned with interpretation of paraphrased places, i.e., entities for which no name is given and which may only by described. Our objective is to determine suitable entity types that allow querying the OpenStreetMap database for the respective place. For example, if we wish to identify a place to eat, we have to check for entities of an a-priori unknown type (cafe, restaurant, etc.). Challenges arise from the open-endedness of language, its ambiguity, and context-sensitivity as well as from mismatches between human conceptualization of place and database ontologies. The contributions of this paper are, first, to present a hard problem that is key to geo-information retrieval beyond named entities. Second, we propose context-sensitive methods for identifying place types based on semantic word similarity. We evaluate the methods on text extracted from Wikipedia and travel blogs, revealing their contribution to advancing automated interpretation of place descriptions to paraphrased places.
Analysis of rotorcraft ground resonance with generic inter-blade damper configurations
Authors: Muscarello Vincenzo , Quaranta Giuseppe
Published: February 2023

The paper investigates the effect of inter-blade dampers with generic in-plane and out-of-plane attachment offsets on ground resonance stability proneness. An analytical formulation, considering dampers with radial offsets only is initially proposed. Sensitivity analyses show that the increase of radial offset reduces the cyclic lead-lag damping and stiffness, providing a non-zero contribution to collective terms. The analytical formulation is suitable, in a preliminary design phase, to define the optimal location of the inter-blade attachment points to avoid ground resonance phenomena and to stabilize the engine drive-train dynamics. A more detailed numerical approach is then presented to consider generic in-plane and out-of-plane attachment offsets. Ground resonance stability analyses are performed also for cases with dissimilar dampers. It is found that out-of-plane offset leads to a modification on the blade pitch-lag coupling, acting on the helicopter stability margins. However, to capture these effects it is necessary to include the overall blade motions, considering flap, lag, and pitch dynamics, together with the corresponding generalized aerodynamics forces, usually neglected in classical ground resonance analysis. Finally, the periodic stability with one damper inoperative shows how, with the radial offsets, the hybridized lead-lag collective and cyclic modes may fall into resonance conditions due to super-harmonics.
Regional gradient observability for fractional differential equations with Caputo time-fractional derivatives
Authors: Zguaid Khalid , El Alaoui Fatima-Zahrae , Torres Delfim F. M.
Published: February 2023

We investigate the regional gradient observability of fractional sub-diffusion equations involving the Caputo derivative. The problem consists of describing a method to find and recover the initial gradient vector in the desired region, which is contained in the spatial domain. After giving necessary notions and definitions, we prove some useful characterizations for exact and approximate regional gradient observability. An example of a fractional system that is not (globally) gradient observable but it is regionally gradient observable is given, showing the importance of regional analysis. Our characterization of the notion of regional gradient observability is given for two types of strategic sensors. The recovery of the initial gradient is carried out using an expansion of the Hilbert uniqueness method. Two illustrative examples are given to show the application of the developed approach. The numerical simulations confirm that the proposed algorithm is effective in terms of the reconstruction error.
RaiseAuth: a novel bio-behavioral authentication method based on ultra-low-complexity movement
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Guo Zhongwen , Cheng Xu , Jiang Sining , Wang Hao
Published: February 2023

Authentication plays an important role in maintaining social security. Modern authentication methods often relies on mass data datasets to implement authentication by data-driven. However, an essential question still remains unclear at data level. To what extent can the authentication movement be simplified? We theoretically explain the rationality of authentication through arm movements by mathematical modeling and design the simplest scheme of the authentication movement. At the same time, we collect a small-sample multi-category dataset that compresses the authentication movement as much as possible according to the model function. On this basis, we propose a method which consists of five different cells. Each cell is matched with a custom data preprocessing module according to the structure. Four cells are composed of neural network modules based on residual blocks, and the last cell is composed of traditional machine learning algorithms. The experimental results show that arm movements can also maintain high-accuracy authentication on small-sample multi-class datasets with very simple authentication movement.
Designing compact features for remote stroke rehabilitation monitoring using wearable accelerometers
Authors: Chen Xi , Guan Yu , Shi Jian Qing , Du Xiu-Li , Eyre Janet
Published: February 2023

Stroke is known as a major global health problem, and for stroke survivors it is key to monitor the recovery levels. However, traditional stroke rehabilitation assessment methods (such as the popular clinical assessment) can be subjective and expensive, and it is also less convenient for patients to visit clinics in a high frequency. To address this issue, in this work based on wearable sensing and machine learning techniques, we develop an automated system that can predict the assessment score in an objective manner. With wrist-worn sensors, accelerometer data is collected from 59 stroke survivors in free-living environments for a duration of 8 weeks, and we map the week-wise accelerometer data (3 days per week) to the assessment score by developing signal processing and predictive model pipeline. To achieve this, we propose two types of new features, which can encode the rehabilitation information from both paralysed and non-paralysed sides while suppressing the high-level noises such as irrelevant daily activities. Based on the proposed features, we further develop the longitudinal mixed-effects model with Gaussian process prior (LMGP), which can model the random effects caused by different subjects and time slots (during the 8 weeks). Comprehensive experiments are conducted to evaluate our system on both acute and chronic patients, and the promising results suggest its effectiveness.
Effect of common OPRM1, COMT, SLC6A4, ABCB1, and CYP2B6 polymorphisms on perioperative analgesic and propofol demands on patients subjected to thyroidectomy surgery
Authors: Soultati Ioanna , Ntenti Charikleia , Tsaousi Georgia , Pourzitaki Chryssa , Gkinas Dimitris , Thomaidou Evanthia , Alexandrakis Spiros , Papavramidis Theodosios , Goulas Antonis
Published: February 2023

Background

Perioperative anesthetic and/or analgesic demand present considerable variation, and part of that variation appears to be genetic in origin. Here we investigate the impact of common polymorphisms in OPRM1, COMT, SLC6A4, ABCB1, and CYP2B6 genes, on the intra-operative consumption of remifentanil and propofol, as well as the postoperative analgesic needs, in patients subjected to thyroidectomy surgery.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study with 90 patients scheduled to undergo elective thyroidectomy, under total intravenous anesthesia achieved by target control infusion (TCI) of propofol and remifentanil. Postoperative analgesics were administered by protocol and on-demand by the individual patient. Genotyping was established by PCR–RFLP methods. Genotyping data, intra-operative hemodynamics, and total consumption of remifentanil and propofol, as well as postoperative analgesic needs and pain perception, were recorded for each individual.

Results

Patients with the ABCB1 3435TT genotype appeared to experience significantly less pain within one hour post-operatively, compared to C carriers [mean VAS (SD) = 0.86 (1.22) vs. 2.42 (1.75); p = 0.017], a finding limited to those seeking rescue analgesic treatment. Intra-operatively, homozygotes patients for the minor allele of OPRM1 A118G and CYP2B6 G516T appeared to consume less remifentanil [mean (SD) = 9.12 (1.01) vs. 13.53 (5.15), for OPRM1 118GG and A carriers] and propofol [median (range) = 14.95 (11.53, 1359.5) vs. 121.4 (1.43, 2349.4), for CYP2B6 516TT and G carriers, respectively] but the difference was not statistically significant in our sample.

Conclusions

The ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism appears to affect the postoperative perception of surgical pain among patients with low pain threshold. The small number of minor allele homozygotes for the OPRM1 A118G and CYP2B6 G516T polymorphisms precludes a definitive conclusion regarding the inclusion of the latter in a TCI-programming algorithm, based on the results of this study.

Clinical trial registration number

ACTRN12616001598471.
Artificial Neural Network Model to Forecast Energy Consumption in Wheat Production in India
Authors: Kaur Karman
Published: February 2023

Energy analysis in agriculture sector require modelling technique that can incorporate complex unknown interactions and non-linearity in systems. In this study Artificial neural network technique is used to model and forecast input energy consumed in wheat production in India and is compared for predictive accuracy with linear models. Household data from 256 farmers revealed that the average input energy consumed in region is 29612.43 MJ/ha with urea (47%), diesel (31.5%) and electricity (9.8%) being three main contributors. Multi-layered feed forward model with 2 hidden layers with 8 and 15 neurons respectively and sigmoidal activation function in hidden layers and output layers under gradient descent training algorithm gave the best results. The R2was 0.99 for training dataset and 0.973 for validation data set, while for MLR model it was 0.95 and 0.73 for respective datasets. The root mean squared error (RMSE) in ANN model was 4779.2 MJ/ha and 2008.96 MJ/ha for training and validation data, respectively. This prediction system could forecast input energy with error margin of ± 7889.83 MJ/ha on training dataset and ± 3298.47 MJ/ha on validation data under various combinations. Sensitivity analysis showed that urea, diesel, and electricity are the important factors in input energy forecasting.
Patterns of brain dynamic functional connectivity are linked with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related behavioral and cognitive dimensions
Authors: Luo Lekai , Chen Lizhou , Wang Yuxia , Li Qian , He Ning , Li Yuanyuan , You Wanfang , Wang Yaxuan , Long Fenghua , Guo Lanting , Luo Kui , Sweeney John A. , Gong Qiyong , Li Fei
Published: February 2023

Background

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder defined by characteristic behavioral and cognitive features. Abnormal brain dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) has been associated with the disorder. The full spectrum of ADHD-related variation of brain dynamics and its association with behavioral and cognitive features remain to be established.

Methods

We sought to identify patterns of brain dynamics linked to specific behavioral and cognitive dimensions using sparse canonical correlation analysis across a cohort of children with and without ADHD (122 children in total, 63 with ADHD). Then, using mediation analysis, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive deficits mediate the relationship between brain dynamics and ADHD-associated behaviors.

Results

We identified four distinct patterns of dFC, each corresponding to a specific dimension of behavioral or cognitive function (r= 0.811–0.879). Specifically, the inattention/hyperactivity dimension was positively associated with dFC within the default mode network (DMN) and negatively associated with dFC between DMN and the sensorimotor network (SMN); the somatization dimension was positively associated with dFC within DMN and SMN; the inhibition and flexibility dimension and fluency and memory dimensions were both positively associated with dFC within DMN and between DMN and SMN, and negatively associated with dFC between DMN and the fronto-parietal network. Furthermore, we observed that cognitive functions of inhibition and flexibility mediated the relationship between brain dynamics and behavioral manifestations of inattention and hyperactivity.

Conclusions

These findings document the importance of distinct patterns of dynamic functional brain activity for different cardinal behavioral and cognitive features related to ADHD.
Changes in Working Women’s Self-Reported Subjective Wellbeing and Quality of Interpersonal Relationships During COVID-19: A Quantitative Comparison of Essential and Non-essential Workers in Singapore
Authors: Tan Poh Lin , Lim-Soh Jeremy
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected working women’s well-being in different ways due to contrasting national responses. This article focuses on the specific context of Singapore, which implemented differentiated rules for workers: essential workers continued to report to workplaces, while non-essential workers were required to work from home. This policy had far-reaching implications for working women, who are more likely than husbands to juggle paid work and household duties. The article uses longitudinal data collected in 2018 and during the pandemic in 2020, specifically during Singapore’s lockdown period, to measure changes in 287 working women’s self-reported levels of stress, fatigue, and quality of interpersonal relationships by essential worker status. While all workers were affected by the pandemic, female essential workers were more likely than their non-essential peers to report declines in stress levels from 2018 to 2020, and less likely to report changes in spousal relationships, both positive and negative. Findings suggest that the differences were driven by exposure to quarantine conditions faced by non-essential workers. Our results highlight the importance of policies supporting frontline workers and more gender-equitable labour market policies to support married women juggling the twin demands of employment and household responsibilities.
Low-cost integrated INS/GNSS using adaptive H∞ Cubature Kalman Filter
Authors: Taghizadeh S. , Safabakhsh R.
Published: February 2023

We proposed an adaptive H-infinity Cubature Kalman Filter (AH∞CKF) to improve the navigation accuracy of a highly manoeuvrable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). AH∞CKF fuses the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements. Traditional state estimation filters like extended Kalman filters (EKF) and cubature Kalman filters (CKF) assume Gaussian noises. However, their performance degrades for non-Gaussian noises and system uncertainties encountered in real-world applications. Thus, designing filters robust to noise and distribution is crucial. AH∞CKF combines H∞CKF design with an added adaptive factor to adjust the state estimation covariance matrix according to measurements by exploiting the square root method to yield more numerically stable results (SrAH∞CKF). We conducted multiple dynamically rich flight tests to validate our claims using a UAV equipped with a commercially well-known GNSS solution. Results show that the SrAH∞CKF state estimation outperforms EKF and CKF methods on average by 90% in various statistical measures.
AFTER THE ENLIGHTENMENT: THE REDISCOVERY OF AVERROES BY TIEDEMANN AND HERDER
Authors: Schick Stefan
Published: February 2023

Both Arabic modernists and Western humanists often regard the Muslim philosopher Averroes as one of the earliest precursors of Kant and the European Enlightenment. In contrast to this reputation, this paper argues that it was Kant’s critics Herder and Tiedemann who rediscovered Averroes. Tiedemann was the first German historiographer to give an accurate account of Averroes’ thought. This was accompanied by a re-evaluation of Averroes by Herder in his Letters for the Advancement of Humanity, in which he recognized the similarity between his own concept of the spirit of the age as historical reason – his alternative to the Enlightenment concept of a universal and ahistorical reason – and Averroes’ concept of a single material intellect for all individual human minds. Finally, the paper outlines the possible connections between Averroes’ interpretation of Aristotle’s intellect and Hegel’s concept of reason in history.
How May Cannabis Legalization Affect the Adverse Health Effects of Cannabis?
Authors: Hall Wayne
Published: February 2023

Abstract: This paper briefly reviews the effects to date of the US model of cannabis legalization – a for profit model based on that of alcohol. The US model has substantially reduced the cost of cannabis, increased its availability and potency, and increased the prevalence of regular use among adult users. The paper makes some predictions about the likely impacts of adopting this model in other nations that are contemplating the legalization of adult cannabis use.
Machine Learning for Single‐Station Detection of Transient Deformation in GPS Time Series With a Case Study of Cascadia Slow Slip
Authors: Xue Xueming , Freymueller Jeffrey T.
Published: February 2023

Inspired by recent studies using various machine learning methods on different types of time series data (e.g., seismic, sea floor pressure), this study proposes a simple machine learning method, based on the recurrent neural network approach, for transient deformation detection in Global Positioning System time series. Unlike most previous studies using a sliding window technique, our model uses a single data point of the entire time series as sequential input and directly outputs the transient probability for all points in the time series. As a case study, we apply our method to detect slow‐slip events in Cascadia between 2005 and 2016. The specific model is first trained and validated using synthetic data, and then used to detect slow‐slip events on real Cascadia data. Based on our detection results, the spatial extent, duration, and migration of the major events are consistent with previous studies. As a benchmark, we compared our results in detail with those based on the Relative Strength Index (RSI). In general, our ML model detects more stations likely to be associated with nearby slow‐slip events than the RSI model, especially if there are data gaps in the timeseries.
Important Ice Processes Are Missed by the Community Earth System Model in Southern Ocean Mixed‐Phase Clouds: Bridging SOCRATES Observations to Model Developments
Authors: Zhao Xi , Liu Xiaohong , Burrows Susannah , DeMott Paul J. , Diao Minghui , McFarquhar Greg M. , Patade Sachin , Phillips Vaughan , Roberts Greg C. , Sanchez Kevin J. , Shi Yang , Zhang Meng
Published: February 2023

Global climate models (GCMs) are challenged by difficulties in simulating cloud phase and cloud radiative effect over the Southern Ocean (SO). Some of the new‐generation GCMs predict too much liquid and too little ice in mixed‐phase clouds. This misrepresentation of cloud phase in GCMs results in weaker negative cloud feedback over the SO and a higher climate sensitivity. Based on a model comparison with observational data obtained during the Southern Ocean Cloud Radiation and Aerosol Transport Experimental Study, this study addresses a key uncertainty in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) related to cloud phase, namely ice formation in pristine remote SO clouds. It is found that sea spray organic aerosols (SSOAs) are the most important type of ice nucleating particles (INPs) over the SO with concentrations 1 order of magnitude higher than those of dust INPs based on measurements and CESM2 simulations. Secondary ice production (SIP) which includes riming splintering, rain droplet shattering, and ice‐ice collisional fragmentation as implemented in CESM2 is the dominant ice production process in moderately cold clouds with cloud temperatures greater than −20°C. SIP enhances the in‐cloud ice number concentrations (Ni) by 1–3 orders of magnitude and predicts more mixed‐phase (with percentage occurrence increased from 15% to 21%), in better agreement with the observations. This study highlights the importance of accurately representing the cloud phase over the pristine remote SO by considering the ice nucleation of SSOA and SIP processes, which are currently missing in most GCM cloud microphysics parameterizations.
Some Corals Are More Heat Resistant Than Thought
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: February 2023

The vast genetic diversity of corals means there are some that may survive warming waters. Now scientists just need to find them.
Adipokines at the crossroads of obesity and mesenchymal stem cell therapy
Authors: Pham Duc-Vinh , Nguyen Thi-Kem , Park Pil-Hoon
Published: February 2023

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is an emerging treatment strategy to counteract metabolic syndromes, including obesity and its comorbid disorders. However, its effectiveness is challenged by various factors in the obese environment that negatively impact MSC survival and function. The identification of these detrimental factors will provide opportunities to optimize MSC therapy for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Dysregulated production of adipokines, a group of cytokines and hormones derived from adipose tissue, has been postulated to play a pivotal role in the development of obesity-associated complications. Intriguingly, adipokines have also been implicated in the modulation of viability, self-renewal, proliferation, and other properties of MSC. However, the involvement of adipokine imbalance in impaired MSC functionality has not been completely understood. On the other hand, treatment of obese individuals with MSC can restore the serum adipokine profile, suggesting the bidirectionality of the adipokine–MSC relationship. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge on the central role of adipokines in the crosstalk between obesity and MSC dysfunction. We also summarize recent advances in the use of MSC for the treatment of obesity-associated diseases to support the hypothesis that adipokines modulate the benefits of MSC therapy in obese patients.
Androgen receptor variant 7 exacerbates hepatocarcinogenesis in a c-MYC-driven mouse HCC model
Authors: Kido Tatsuo , Lau Yun-Fai Chris
Published: February 2023

Androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7), an AR isoform with a truncated ligand-binding domain, functions as a transcription factor in an androgen-independent manner. AR-V7 is expressed in a subpopulation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, its role(s) in this cancer is undefined. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of AR-V7 in hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo in a c-MYC-driven mouse HCC model generated by the hydrodynamic tail-vein injection system. The impacts of AR-V7 on gene expression in mouse HCC were elucidated by RNA-seq transcriptome and ontology analyses. The results showed that AR-V7 significantly exacerbated the c-MYC-mediated oncogenesis in the livers of both sexes. The transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses revealed that AR-V7 and c-MYC synergistically altered the gene sets involved in various cancer-related biological processes, particularly in lipid and steroid/sterol metabolisms. Importantly, AR-V7 suppressed a tumor suppressor Claudin 7 expression, upregulated by c-MYC overexpression via the p53 signaling pathway. Claudin 7 overexpression significantly suppressed the c-MYC-driven HCC development under p53-deficient conditions. Our results suggest that the AR-V7 exacerbates the c-MYC-driven hepatocarcinogenesis by potentiating the oncogenic roles and minimizing the anti-oncogenic functions of c-MYC. Since AR-V7 is expressed in a subpopulation of HCC cases, it could contribute to the inter- and intra-heterogeneity of HCC.
COX-2/PGE2 upregulation contributes to the chromosome 17p-deleted lymphoma
Authors: Qi Lu , Pan Xiangyu , Chen Xuelan , Liu Pengpeng , Chen Mei , Zhang Qi , Hang Xiaohang , Tang Minghai , Wen Dan , Dai Lunzhi , Chen Chong , Liu Yu , Xu Zhengmin
Published: February 2023

Deletions of chromosome 17p, where TP53 gene locates, are the most frequent chromosome alterations in human cancers and associated with poor outcomes in patients. Our previous work suggested that there were p53–independent mechanisms involved in chromosome 17p deletions-driven cancers. Here, we report that altered arachidonate metabolism, due to the deficiency of mouse Alox8 on chromosome 11B3 (homologous to human ALOX15B on chromosome 17p), contributes to the B cell malignancy. While the metabolites produced from lipoxygenase pathway reduced, chromosome 11B3 deletions or Alox8 loss, lead to upregulating its paralleling cyclooxygenase pathway, indicated by the increased levels of oncometabolite prostaglandin E2. Ectopic PGE2 prevented the apoptosis and differentiation of pre-B cells. Further studies revealed that Alox8 deficiency dramatically and specifically induced Cox-2(Ptgs2) gene expression. Repressing Cox-2 by its shRNAs impaired the tumorigenesis driven by Alox8 loss. And, in turn, tumor cells with Alox8 or 11B3 loss were sensitive to the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. This correlation between COX-2 upregulation and chromosome 17p deletions was consistent in human B-cell lymphomas. Hence, our studies reveal that the arachidonate metabolism abnormality with unbalanced ALOX and COX pathways underlies human cancers with 17p deletions and suggest new susceptibility for this disease.
A molecular characterization and clinical relevance of microglia-like cells derived from patients with panic disorder
Authors: You Min-Jung , Rim Chan , Bang Minji , Sung Soyoung , Kim Hui-Ju , Lee Sang-Hyuk , Kwon Min-Soo
Published: February 2023

Few studies report the microglia involvement in the pathogenesis of panic disorder (PD), although the crucial role of microglia in other neuropsychiatric diseases is being emphasized. In addition, there is no report to characterize the phenotypic and functional levels of PD patient-derived microglia to find their clinical relevance. Herein, we used a model to induce patient-derived microglia-like cells (iMGs) to clarify the molecular characteristics and function of PD-iMGs. We established iMGs from 17 PD patients and 16 healthy controls (non-psychiatric controls, HC). PD-iMGs showed increased T-cell death-associated gene-8 expression per the proposal of a previous in vivo study. In addition, we found that patient-derived iMGs showed reduced phagocytosis and increased TREM2 expression. We analyzed the phenotype of the PD-iMGs by RNA sequencing. The PD-iMGs clustered together distinct from HC-iMGs. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of cholesterol biosynthesis and steroid metabolism in PD-iMGs. Regarding the cholesterol synthesis pathway, we discovered ACAT2 and DHCR7 as the most impacted genes related to a character of PD-iMGs compared to HC-iMGs. The ACAT2, a major cholesterol esterifier, was increased in PD-iMGs. Nevertheless, PD-iMGs did not show lipid droplet accumulation. Interestingly, ACAT2 expression was inversely correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety sensitivity to publicly observable anxiety reactions. We propose that microglia of PD patients have unique characteristics with dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and impaired phagocytosis, reflecting clinical phenotype.
Using live stream technology to conduct workplace observation assessment of trainee dental nurses: an evaluation of effectiveness and user experience
Authors: Taylor Caroline , Ikiroma Adalia , Crowe Anne , Felix David H , Grant Gillian , Mitchell Lucy , Ross Teresa , Saunderson Margaret , Young Linda
Published: February 2023

Aim/objective

This study evaluates the effectiveness and users’ experience of using live stream technology to conduct workplace observation assessments of trainee dental nurses. Information on the usability, accessibility, and general satisfaction of this technological technique were collected.

Materials and methods

This nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in Scotland and included one focus group and three online questionnaires with qualitative and quantitative questions. The quantitative responses were described using standard descriptive analysis, while the quantitative data were investigated using thematic analysis.

Results

Eighty-one trainee dental nurses, 35 clinicians and 19 assessors participated in this study. Live stream observation was generally well received by the trainee dental nurses and clinicians, who thought that it had helped increase their confidence to perform practical skills. The assessors also stated that overall satisfaction was high, and that live stream observation met their expectations for efficacy. However, several technical challenges, such as network issues were brought up by responders.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that workplace observation assessments can be performed in the future by using live stream technology. However, additional investigation and comparison will aid in determining the most effective way of using this approach and providing feedback to promote learning among dental trainees.
PDHB-AS suppresses cervical cancer progression and cisplatin resistance via inhibition on Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Chi Chi , Hou Wenjie , Zhang Yi , Chen Jie , Shen Zongji , Chen Youguo , Li Min
Published: February 2023

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy occurring in the cervix. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act as oncogenes or anti-oncogenes in CC development. Here, we investigated the functional role and detailed mechanism of lncRNA pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta antisense (PDHB-AS) in CC. At first, we found that PDHB-AS was significantly down-regulated in CC cells. Besides, overexpression of PDHB-AS repressed CC cell malignant behaviors. HKF-derived exosomes carried miR-4536-5p to CC cells and thereby inhibited PDHB-AS expression. Moreover, PDHB-AS inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via impeding the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in CC cells. In addition, miR-582-5p could bind with both PDHB-AS and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). PDHB-AS recruited poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) to inhibit Wnt7b expression. PDHB-AS interacted with RNA-binding motif protein X-linked (RBMX) to regulate cisplatin resistance in CC. Finally, we conducted in vivo experiments to confirm that HKF promoted CC tumor growth whereas PDHB-AS suppressed CC tumor growth. Collectively, PDHB-AS plays a tumor-suppressive role in the progression of CC, which suggests the therapeutic potential of PDHB-AS for CC.