bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How communications by AI-enabled voice assistants impact the customer journey
Authors: Grewal Dhruv , Guha Abhijit , Schweiger Elisa , Ludwig Stephan , Wetzels Martin
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Artificial intelligence–enabled voice assistants (VAs), such as Amazon's Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple's Siri, are available in smartphones, smart speakers, and other digital devices and channels. Use of these VAs is growing rapidly and are expected to significantly impact purchase intentions. This article focuses on how the communications enabled and provided by these VAs influence VA evaluations and usage intentions, contingent on the stage of the customer journey.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper builds from work on VAs, work on artificial intelligence (AI) and work on communications, to offer a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of how VA evaluations and usage intentions may be impacted by the communications from VAs, contingent on the stage of the customer journey.

Findings

This paper proposes a model for VA enabled communications impact VA evaluations. It builds from work on VAs, AI, communications, and customer journey management. In the proposed model, VA evaluations are not only impacted by source, message and recipient characteristics (per prior communication models), but also by (1) VA/AI specific features, like perceptions of humanness and perceptions of artificiality, and (2) stage of the customer journey.

Practical implications

This paper provides guidance to firms, as regards how VA communications may influence VA evaluations and usage intentions. As an initial conjecture, (1) increasing perceptions of humanness, (2) decreasing perceptions of artificiality (3) a better fit between communications style (e.g. abstract vs concrete), and request type (e.g. transactional vs informational) (4) a better fit between VA communications (e.g. information vs banter), and consumer perceptions of the VA (servant vs partner) and (5) a better fit between VA communications and the stage of the customer journey may positively influence VA evaluations and VA usage intentions.

Originality/value

This paper provides a fresh look at the impact of VA communications, clarifying how such communications impact VA evaluations and usage intentions at various stages of the customer journey.
Exploring marketing control mechanisms from a strategy perspective
Authors: Ortiz-Rendon Paola Andrea , Munuera-Aleman Jose-Luis , Montoya-Restrepo Luz Alexandra
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Management is constantly looking for ways to show how exactly the competitive advantage can be enhanced to achieve the desired results. As such, control mechanisms that are designed to ensure that the desired results are achieved play an important part in the successful implementation of a business strategy, which is why, in this study, the authors analyze how formal and informal control levels are deduced from the marketing decisions that operationalize the organizational strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a cross-section survey among 301 marketing managers. To determine which types of strategies are prevalent, the authors performed a hierarchical cluster analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics 24 software and then constructed an ANOVA table to see whether there are differences in the characteristics of the different clusters. To determine the configuration of marketing control across strategy typologies, the authors conducted a mean difference test, aligning marketing control mechanisms with the strategies under study, significantly changing the intensity levels from one to another.

Findings

It is worth emphasizing that higher levels of control are related to prospector strategic business units (SBUs) and that informal control was significantly more prevalent than formal control for all the strategy typologies the authors' studied.

Originality/value

This research provides empirical evidence to gain a better understanding of the role marketing decisions play on formal and informal control mechanisms.
Investigating the prevalence and utility of police body-worn cameras in the George Floyd protests
Authors: Gaub Janne E. , White Michael , Malm Aili , Watts Seth , Brown Katharine Leigh
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Unlike protests against police brutality in the past (2014 and earlier), police officers responding to First Amendment-protected demonstrations in summer 2020 likely were wearing body-worn cameras(BWCs). This study seeks to understand police perceptions of the effects of BWCs when used in the George Floyd protests.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use survey data from 100 agencies with federally-funded BWCs to assess the prevalence of BWC deployment to George Floyd protests and perceived benefits and limitations of the technology within this unique context.

Findings

About three-quarters of agencies encountered some level of demonstration/protest related to the killing of George Floyd, and the majority of those deployed BWCs during these demonstrations. Respondents indicated evidentiary value of footage was a key reason for doing so, and at least three preconditions for a civilizing effect were present.

Originality/value

Research has documented numerous benefits associated with BWCs, from reductions in use of force and citizen complaints to evidentiary value. However, the extent to which BWC benefits extend to public protests is unclear. The George Floyd protests represent an opportunity to understand the prevalence and usefulness of BWCs in policing public protests.
Coccomyxa sp.KJ extract affects the fate of T cells stimulated by toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1, a superantigen secreted by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ohshima Shino , Komatsu Satoko , Kashiwagi Hirofumi , Goto Yumiko , Ohno Yusuke , Yamada Soga , Kanno Akiko , Shimizu Tomoka , Seki Toshiro , Yasuda Atsushi , Kuno Hitoshi , Kametani Yoshie
Published: May 2022

T cell stimulation by bacterial superantigens induces a cytokine storm. After T cell activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion, regulatory T cells (Treg) are produced to suppress the immune response. Coccomyxa sp.KJ (IPOD FERM BP‐22254), a green alga, is reported to regulate immune reactions. Therefore, we examined the effects of Coccomyxa sp.KJ extract (CE) on the superantigen‐induced immune response. When human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with toxic shock syndrome‐1 (TSST‐1) in the presence of CE, the number of activated T cells decreased moderately. Purified T cells stimulated in the presence of CE comprised more non‐proliferating cells than those stimulated in the absence of CE, whereas some T cells proliferated more quickly. The levels of activation markers on the stimulated T cells increased in the presence of CE. Most of the inflammatory cytokines did not change but IL‐1β, IL‐17, IL‐4, and IL‐13 secretion increased, whereas that of IL‐2, TNF‐α, and IL‐18 decreased. IL‐10 secretion was also decreased by CE treatment, suggesting that the immune response was not suppressed by Treg cells. CE enhanced the expression of stem cell‐like memory cell markers in T cells. These results suggest that CE can regulate the fate of T cells and can help to ameliorate superantigen‐induced T cell hyperactivation and immune suppression.
Consume and Transform: Perfumes and healing in vegetalista healing practices of the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Marcus Olivia
Published: May 2022

The use of perfumes, incense, colognes, and plant and flower essences in Amazonian healing practices is a hallmark feature of vegetalismo, a form of healing in Peru’s Amazonian regions. Sprayed, smoked, rubbed on bodies, and poured in medicinal baths, these odorous tools are vital allies to the curandero for cleansing bodies and spaces, for protection, or to add potency to medicinal plants. Certain perfumes are more common than others, particularly the citrusy Agua de Florida, an 18th Century eau de cologne from the United States. Focusing in on the history of Agua de Florida and its ubiquity in Western Amazonia, I suggest the necessity of a sensory anthropology for exploring the vast healing potential of vegetalismo. Going beyond the visual to consider other sensory experiences lends insight into the various healing mechanisms in Amazonian shamanism that are often overlooked by western epistemologies of health and healing.
Letter: the effect of anti‐COVID‐19 treatment on the outcome of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Yi , Lai Chih‐Cheng
Published: May 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Hadi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16730
Editorial: what is normal function of a pelvic pouch? Authors' reply
Authors: Quinn Kevin P. , Busciglio Irene A. , Burton Duane D. , Inoue Akitoshi , Lee Yong S. , Heiken Jay P. , Sheedy Shannon P. , Fletcher Joel G. , Raffals Laura E.
Published: May 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Quinn et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16859 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16916
Enhancing our chances of picking a winner in higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Wei Andrew H. , Seymour John F.
Published: May 2022

Hypomethylating agents remain the current standard of care for patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Adès et al. report outcomes from a randomised ‘pick‐a‐winner’ study design that examined the addition of either lenalidomide, valproic acid or idarubicin in combination with azacitidine, compared to azacitidine alone.

Commentary on: Adès et al. A randomised phase II study of azacitidine (AZA) alone or with lenalidomide (LEN), valproic acid (VPA) or idarubicin (IDA) in higher‐risk MDS: GFM’s ‘pick a winner’ trial, with the impact of somatic mutations. Br J Haematol 2022;198:535‐544.
Marion Milner's ‘pliable medium’ and the role of the patient's creativity in the analytic encounter
Authors: Halton‐Hernandez Emilia
Published: May 2022

This article explores British psychoanalyst Marion Milner's (1900–1998) understanding of how creative play and drawing for her child and adult patients is integral to transformation in the analytic encounter. Milner explicitly proposes the act of picture‐making as providing a reparative experience of an attuned, reciprocal relationship with another. Her term the ‘pliable medium’ first coined in her book On Not Being Able to Paint (1950) is explored as a concept reflective of Milner's enduring commitment to art‐making as an explicitly therapeutic activity. In this way, we come to see how Milner's clinical technique depends as much on facilitating the patient's creativity in the analytic situation as it does in considering what the patient‐analyst relationship can do for the patient's psychic growth.
Discovery of novel 1,3,5‐triazines as potent antibacterial agent against urinary tract infection‐causing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli via inhibition of DNA Gyrase
Authors: Xia Qier , Li Jun , Yang Zhenyu , Zhang Dingguo , Tian Jinjun , Gu Bin
Published: May 2022

A novel series of 1,3,5‐triazine‐phenylthiazole‐pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and subsequently tested for Escherichia coli DNA Gyrase inhibitory activity where they showed excellent inhibitory activity. The top‐three ranked DNA gyrase inhibitor (4e, 4g and 4h) were further subjected to antibacterial and anti‐biofilm activity against clinical isolates of resistant E. coli strains obtained from Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) patients (CREC81, CREC106, CREC163). Compound 4h was identified as most potent antibacterial agent in the above study. The compound 4h was further evaluated in murine model of E. coli UTI in BALB/c mice infected by transurethral injection of CREC106 strain. Results of the study suggest that compound 4h reduces bacterial load of CREC106 in the treated mice and found approximately equipotent to Novobiocin as standard.
Impact of medical eligibility criteria and OPTN policy on simultaneous liver kidney allocation and utilization
Authors: Singal Ashwani K. , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Kwo Paul , Mahmud Nadim , Sharma Pratima , Nadim Mitra K.
Published: May 2022

Background

Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) implemented medical eligibility and safety‐net policy on 8/10/17 to optimize simultaneous liver‐kidney (SLK) utilization. We examined impact of this policy on SLK listings and number of kidneys used within 1‐yr. of receiving liver transplantation (LT) alone.

Methods and results

OPTN database (08/10/14‐06/12/20) on adults (N = 66 709) without previous transplant stratified candidates to listings for SLK or LT alone with pre‐LT renal dysfunction at listing (eGFR < 30 mL/min or on dialysis). Outcomes were compared for pre (08/10/14‐08/09/17) vs. post (08/10/17‐06/12/20) policy era. SLK listings decreased in post vs. pre policy era (8.7% vs. 9.6%; P < .001), with 22% reduced odds of SLK listing in the postpolicy era, with a decrease in all OPTN regions except regions 6 and 8, which showed an increase. Among LT‐alone recipients with pre‐LT renal dysfunction (N = 3272), cumulative 1‐year probability was higher in post vs. prepolicy period for dialysis (5.6% vs. 2.3%; P < .0001), KT listing (11.4% vs. 2.0%; P < .0001), and KT (3.7% vs. .25%; P < .0001). Sixty‐seven (2.4%) kidneys were saved in post policy era, with 18.1%, 16.6%, 4.3%, and 2.9% saving from regions 7, 2, 11, and 1, respectively.

Conclusion

Medical eligibility and safety‐net OPTN policy resulted in decreased SLK use and improved access to LT alone among those with pre‐LT renal dysfunction. Although decreased in postpolicy era, regional variation of SLK listings remains. In spite of increased use of KT within 1‐year of receiving LT alone under safety net, less number of kidneys were used without impact on patient survival in postpolicy era.
Retroperitoneal fibrosis with gastric outlet obstruction managed by endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided gastroenterostomy
Authors: Chaithanya Manchu , Inavolu Pradev , Lakhtakia Sundeep
Published: May 2022

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Seasonal reproductive allocation in landlocked Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, in the context of niche construction and eco‐evolutionary feedbacks
Authors: Mouchlianitis Foivos A. , Schultz Eric T. , Ganias Kostas
Published: May 2022

The bidirectional dynamics between species and their biotic and abiotic environments, known as eco‐evolutionary feedbacks, may shift the direction of evolution and alter the ecological role of species. Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, is an exemplary species to study reciprocal feedbacks between ecology and evolution, owing to repeated independent derivations of a landlocked life history from an ancestral anadromous form. In this study we analysed the reproductive allocation during the spawning season in a landlocked Alewife population in the context of eco‐evolutionary feedbacks. We also compared our findings with previous results from a neighbouring anadromous population of the species. Similarities were found between the two Alewife populations in relation to their ovarian development, oocyte release strategy and fecundity type, but also differences in seasonal patterns of energy investment. Anadromous Alewives invested more in the size of the first oocyte batch of the season and subsequently tapered their reproductive allocation, while spawning batch in landlocked Alewife was invariant as the spawning season progressed. The evolutionary change from ancestral tapering to equitability of seasonal reproductive investment can be explained with reference to eco‐evolutionary changes that occurred upon landlocking related to the availability of zooplankton prey and feeding opportunity.
First report of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum siamense on Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardii’ in Anqing, China
Authors: Li Ping , Yu Bixia , Bi Zhangyou , Liu Dong , Tan Wei
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present study was to identify the pathogen responsible for anthracnose observed in Ligustrum japonicum Thunb ‘Howardii’ in the Anqing area of China. Three representative isolates of the pathogen were collected from the leaves of infected plants at different locations, using a tissue isolation method and then identified based on colony characteristics, morphology, multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity tests. All three representative isolates formed a phylogenetic clade with reference sequences of Colletotrichum siamense. This is the first study to report C. siamense as a causative agent of anthracnose on L. japonicum in Anqing, China.
Specific form of ageism in dental care: Convergent validity of the Ageism Scale for Dental Students and its implications for education
Authors: Sophie Piaton , Valerie Roger‐Leroi , Guillaume Vallet
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The World Health Organisation considers ageism as an important barrier to age‐appropriate care for older adults. An Ageism Scale for Dental Students (ASDS) has been validated in the United States, Brazil, Greece, Romania and in France. At present, the convergent validity of ASDS has never been evaluated. Moreover, a specialised and disciplinary tool as the ASDS may not overlap with more general ageism assessment which may highlight the need for specific courses during the education of the future health professionals.

Materials and Methods

The survey was administered from December 2020 to January 2021. All the undergraduate students of the last 3 years of study at the dental school of Clermont‐Ferrand were invited to complete both scales. Two hundred sixteen students were randomly divided into two equal groups. The first group answered first Aging Semantic Differential‐ ASD then ASDS, the second in reverse order. The convergent validity between ASDS and ASD was assessed by computing a Pearson correlation coefficient and discriminant analysis between each component of the two scales.

Results

The response rate was of 53.7%. The correlation analysis conducted on the total scores of the ASDS and of the ASD shows a significant, yet weak relationship. The discriminant analysis indicates that only the first component of the ASDS is significantly associated with each dimension of the ASD, whereas the second component is totally independent from the ASD and the third component almost independent from the ASD, except for the integrity dimension.

Conclusions

This specialised questionnaire may assess a form of ageism that is not captured at all in more general scales. Such a scale may help to identify the different dimensions of ageism among dental students which is required to reduce ageism in medical care. This reduction should pass by adapted courses in gerodontology.
Multiple miliary osteoma cutis, renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism in a geriatric patient
Authors: Brooks John K. , Jang Hokyoung , Harrow Arthur S. , Price Jeffery B.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Miliary osteoma cutis (MOC) is a cutaneous disorder that develops in response to an ill‐defined process or following acne vulgaris. Most cases present incidentally as small radiographic aggregations of normal bone within the cheeks. Infrequently, MOC has been reported with systemic disease, including renal failure.

Case presentation

An 82‐year‐old man presented with renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Intraoral radiographs displayed bilateral radiopacities. This is the first documented case of MOC synchronous with renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism in a geriatric patient.

Conclusions

Patients with MOC and manifestations associated with nephropathy should undergo a comprehensive medical work‐up and laboratory studies. Timely recognition of incidental radiographic findings may improve clinical outcomes.
Arabic and Sindhi manuscript collections in Sindh, Pakistan: Resources and perspectives from the Indian Ocean
Authors: Baig Sohaib
Published: May 2022

This article presents an introduction to an array of historical sources from Sindh (in modern‐day Pakistan) in the Arabic and Sindhi languages. It highlights the sizeable number of Arabic manuscripts in Sindhi institutions and discusses some of the larger historical forces that shaped their collection in the colonial and pre‐colonial periods. In addition, it reflects on the significance these sources may hold for the field of Indian Ocean history, especially in terms of legal and intellectual history. Finally, this article lists and discusses bibliographical resources and catalogs that researchers can use to navigate major libraries and archival institutions across Karachi, Jamshoro, and interior Sindh.
Comparative study of Rb1, cyclin D1 and p16 immunohistochemistry expression to distinguish lung small‐cell carcinoma and large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Papaxoinis G , Bille A , McLean E , Nonaka D
Published: May 2022

Aims

Large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small‐cell carcinoma (SCLC) of lung encompass high‐grade neuroendocrine tumour category and share several fundamental features. As both tumours may respond to different treatment modalities and show unique molecular alterations distinction between the two is clinically relevant, but can be challenging due to sampling and fixation issues and shared morphological features.

Methods

Surgically resected primary SCLC (n = 129) and LCNEC (n = 27) were immunohistochemically stained with Rb1, cyclin D1 and p16 using tissue microarray (TMA), and expression patterns of the proteins were compared between the two to identify the discriminatory pattern.

Results

All markers had high diagnostic accuracy; Rb1 was the highest followed by p16 and cyclin D1. The majority of SCLC had the pattern Rb1−/p16+/cyclin D1– and more than half of LCNEC had Rb1+/p16−/cyclin D1+. Overall, the expression pattern Rb1– and cyclin D1– was strongly associated with the diagnosis of SCLC, while the pattern Rb1+ and/or cyclin D1+ was strongly associated with LCNEC. The use of this simplified expression pattern leads to a diagnostic accuracy of 97.3%. p16 did not add to further discrimination. The heterogeneity in Rb1, cyclin D1 and p16 expression was insignificant in SCLCs compared with LCNECs.

Conclusions

Use of Rb1, cyclin D1 and p16 immunohistochemistry can distinguish the two with high accuracy. Notably, the Rb1−/cyclin D1– pattern in given tumour sample would confirm the diagnosis of SCLC. Our results could be extrapolated and applied to routine diagnostic samples such as biopsies and cytology samples.
Enzyme replacement therapy leading to improvement in myeloma indices in a patient with concomitant Gaucher disease
Authors: Harel Reut , Gavish Israel , Aviv Ariel , Greenman Maravi Nofar , Trougouboff Philippe , Zimran Ari , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana
Published: May 2022

Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) have been shown previously to carry an increased risk for cancer, most commonly multiple myeloma (MM). It is currently unknown whether treatment for GD has an effect on the prevention or amelioration of MM. We present the case of a 41‐year‐old patient simultaneously diagnosed with GD and smouldering MM. Enzyme replacement therapy with Velaglucerase‐alfa significantly improved myeloma indices.
HbA1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol control in adults with diabetes: A report card for Kuwait
Authors: Alkandari Abdullah , Gujral Unjali P , Bennakhi Abdullah , Qabazard Sarah , Al‐Wotayan Rihab , Al Duwairi Qais , Al‐Kandari Hessa , Narayan KM Venkat , Alarouj Monira
Published: May 2022

Aim

To assess the level of glycemic, blood pressure, and cholesterol control (the ‘ABCs’) nationally amongst adults with diabetes living in Kuwait.

Materials and Methods

Using data from two national cross‐sectional surveys, the levels of risk factor control were assessed in 1,801 adults with diabetes, aged 18–82 years. Glycemic control was defined as HbA1c < 7%, blood pressure control as systolic and diastolic blood pressures of <140/90 mmHg, and non‐HDL cholesterol control as <3.4 mmol/L.

Results

The percentage of adults with diabetes achieving control was 39.2% (95% CI, 37.0–41.5) for glycemia, 58.4% (95% CI, 56.0–60.7) for blood pressure, and 28.3% (95% CI, 26.3–30.4) for non‐HDL cholesterol. The percentage of adults who were non‐smokers was 77.6% (95%, CI 75.6–79.4). The percentage of adults with diabetes achieving control on all three risk factors was 7.4% (95% CI, 6.3–8.8), and only 5.8% (95% CI, 4.8–7.0) achieved ABC control and were nonsmokers. ABC control was 30% higher in women compared with men. Non‐Kuwaitis were almost twice as likely to have uncontrolled ABC factors compared with Kuwaitis.

Conclusions

Only 1 in 13 people with diabetes in Kuwait achieved good control of glycemia, blood pressure, and cholesterol. Only 2 in 5 achieved glycemic control, 6 in 10 blood pressure control, and 2 in 7 cholesterol control. A national diabetes quality improvement program is urgently needed to improve the quality of care and to prevent long‐term complications.
Spatial assessment of potential areas at risk from blueberry gall midge distribution in South Korea
Authors: Byeon Dae‐hyeon , Lee Wang‐Hee
Published: May 2022

Dasineura oxycoccana, the blueberry gall midge, has damaged domestic blueberry cultivation since its presence was confirmed in Korea. In this study, the domestic climatic suitability of D. oxycoccana was evaluated using the CLIMEX model, which comprehensively integrates the species biology and regional climate. In addition, we derived the risk posed to major areas of blueberry cultivation by considering the domestic potential distribution of D. oxycoccana based on climatic suitability D. oxycoccana showed the highest occurrence suitability on the southern coast under the current climate, and its population is expected to gradually increase inland due to climate change. Jeju and the southern coast were the major areas that were presently found to be at risk from D. oxycoccana; the area at risk from D. oxycoccana is expected to extend to southern Gyeonggi‐do and Ganwon‐do by 2040 and 2060, respectively. D. oxycoccana was predicted to occur throughout the country according to climate change, suggesting increase in its infestation in blueberry cultivation. Therefore, we expected this study provides precautionary evaluation for monitoring and controlling the pest.
Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of CXCR3a and CXCR3b from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Gao Along , Wu Liting , Li Lan , Han Biao , Ye Jianmin
Published: May 2022

The CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) are members of the seven transmembrane (7‐TM) G‐protein‐coupled receptor superfamily that involves innate and adaptive immune systems. In this study, CXCR3a and CXCR3b from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were cloned and identified, designated as OnCXCR3a and OnCXCR3b. The open reading frames of OnCXCR3a and OnCXCR3b were 1074 and 1080 bp, encoding the predicted proteins of 357 and 359 amino acids, respectively. Multiple alignment analysis of OnCXCR3a‐ and OnCXCR3b‐deduced protein sequences with the mammalian and bird sequences indicated the presence of typical structural features of chemokine receptors, including a 7‐TM domain and conserved motifs. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed that OnCXCR3a and OnCXCR3b were constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues. When stimulated with Streptococcus agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and lipopolysaccharide in vivo or in vitro on leukocytes, the mRNA levels of OnCXCR3a and OnCXCR3b were significantly upregulated. Overall, these results indicated that OnCXCR3s might be involved in host immune responses in Nile tilapia.
Transcriptome analysis of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) head kidney and liver reveals immune mechanism in response to Vibrio anguillarum infection
Authors: Song Yuting , Dong Xianzhi , Hu Guobin
Published: May 2022

The diseases triggered by Vibrio anguillarum infection have created huge economic losses to the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) farming industry. However, the immune mechanism of turbot to V. anguillarum infection has not been deeply investigated. To better understand the immune response of turbot to V. anguillarum infection, transcriptome analysis of the head kidney and liver of turbot was performed. A total of 15,948 and 11,494 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the turbot head kidney and liver, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the head kidney and liver of turbot have some differences in the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of the DEGs for the different functions of these two organs. Although there are many uncertain factors in this immune process, such as the occurrence of alternative splicing (AS) events and the differences in the protein structure of the DEGs, the NFκB signalling pathway, MKK‐dependent AP‐1 activation, JAK‐STAT signalling pathway, the signal transmission of MHC Ⅰ and a series of DEGs including HSP90 driving NLRP3 to produce inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐8, TNFα, etc.) were possible important immune response pathways for turbot to V. anguillarum infection. Overall, our research has conducted a preliminary exploration of the immune mechanism of turbot in response to V. anguillarum infection.
Raf kinase inhibitory protein reduces bradykinin receptor desensitization
Authors: Chivers Samuel B. , Brackley Allison Doyle , Jeske Nathaniel A.
Published: May 2022

Inflammatory hyperalgesia represents a nociceptive phenotype that can become persistent in nature through dynamic protein modifications. However, a large gap in knowledge exists concerning how the integration of intracellular signaling molecules coordinates a persistent inflammatory phenotype. Herein, we demonstrate that Raf Kinase Anchoring Protein (RKIP) interrupts a vital canonical desensitization pathway to maintain bradykinin (BK) receptor activation in primary afferent neurons. Biochemical analyses of primary neuronal cultures indicate bradykinin‐stimulated PKC phosphorylation of RKIP at Ser153. Furthermore, BK exposure increases G‐protein Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) binding to RKIP, inhibiting pharmacological desensitization of the BK receptor. Additional studies found that molecular RKIP down‐regulation increases BK receptor desensitization in real‐time imaging of primary afferent neurons, identifying a key pathway integrator in the desensitization process that controls multiple GRK2‐sensitive G‐protein coupled receptors. Therefore, RKIP serves as an integral scaffolding protein that inhibits BK receptor desensitization.

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Psychosocial factors in patients with kidney failure and role for social worker: A secondary data audit
Authors: Hansen Micaella Sotera , Tesfaye Wubshet , Sud Kamal , Sewlal Beena , Mehta Bharati , Kairaitis Lukas , Tarafdar Surjit , Chau Katrina , Razi Zaidi Syed Tabish , Castelino Ronald
Published: May 2022

Background

People with kidney failure face a multitude of psychosocial stressors that affect disease trajectory and health outcomes.

Objectives

To investigate psychosocial factors affecting people with kidney failure before or at start of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and kidney supportive and palliative care (KSPC) phases of illness and to explore role of social worker during the illness trajectory.

Methods

We conducted a secondary data audit of patients either before or at start of KRT (Phase 1) and at the KSPC (Phase 2) of illness and had psychosocial assessments between March 2012 and March 2020 in an Australian setting.

Results

Seventy‐nine individuals, aged 70 ± 12 years, had at least two psychosocial assessments, one in each of the two phases of illness. The median time between social worker evaluations in Phase 1 and Phase 2 was 522 (116−943) days. Adjustment to illness and treatment (90%) was the most prevalent psychosocial issue identified in Phase 1, which declined to 39% in Phase 2. Need for aged care assistance (7.6%−63%; p < 0.001) and carer support (7.6%−42%; p < 0.001) increased significantly from Phase 1 to Phase 2. There was a significant increase in psychosocial interventions by the social worker in Phase 2, including supportive counselling (53%−73%; p < 0.05), provision of education and information (43%−65%; p < 0.01), and referrals (28%−62%; p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Adults nearing or at the start of KRT experience immense psychosocial burden and adaptive demands that recognisably change during the course of illness. The positive role played by the nephrology social worker warrants further investigation.
Change time: Timing and placing late Romanticism
Authors: de Groote Brecht
Published: May 2022

Acting on recently surging critical interest in late Romanticism, a subperiod taken to range roughly from the later 1810s through the 1840s, the present article reviews past and current work in this burgeoning field, particularly highlighting developing avenues for future research. Two competing accounts of late Romanticism are contrasted: a long‐dominant take which regards the subperiod as fundamentally secondary, derived, and inferior; and a recently energised perspective which reveals the vibrancy and innovativeness of late‐Romantic culture. If the former construes history by prioritising the experiences of poets, acting on a cultural paradigm that pivots on the centrality of a particularised genre, the latter pursues a Romanticism that is reconfigured under the pressure of a developing media system, in which multiple specialised genres acquire distinct functions. The discussion of these two perspectives is anchored in the late‐Romantic fascination for times and places; that is, in debates pertaining to periodicity and eventfulness, and to nationalism and transnationalism.
A systematic review of the relationship between momentary emotional states and nonsuicidal self‐injurious thoughts and behaviours
Authors: Brown Alexandra C. , Dhingra Katie , Brown Terence D. , Danquah Adam N. , Taylor Peter James
Published: May 2022

Background

Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is associated with high levels of distress, co‐morbid mental health issues, and elevated risk of suicide. Previous literature indicates that emotion regulation is the most endorsed function of NSSI. Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) provides a powerful tool for investigating the moment‐to‐moment associations between emotional states and NSSI thoughts and behaviours. The aim of the current study was to systematically review and evaluate ESM research concerning the relationship between momentary emotional states and NSSI.

Methods

A systematic search of electronic databases from date of inception to 16th April 2021 was conducted. This was supplemented through backwards citation tracking. A risk of bias assessment was completed prior to data synthesis.

Results

Nineteen eligible studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Heightened negative affect was found to typically precede instances of NSSIT thoughts and behaviour. Results were less consistent for positive affect.

Limitations

Sample sizes across studies were often small, meaningful effect sizes were not always reported, and non‐validated measures of NSSI thoughts and behaviour were used during ESM assessments.

Conclusions

The results support affect regulation models of NSSI, and demonstrate the value of ESM studies, specifically those sampling more than once per day, in plotting the temporal, “in‐the‐moment” characteristics of these processes.
Bi‐directional, long‐distance hormonal signalling between roots and shoots of soil water availability
Authors: Huntenburg Katharina , Puértolas Jaime , de Ollas Carlos , Dodd Ian C.
Published: May 2022

While the importance of plant water relations in determining crop response to soil water availability is difficult to over‐emphasise, under many circumstances, plants maintain their leaf water status as the soil dries yet shoot gas exchange and growth is restricted. Such observations lead to development of a paradigm that root‐to‐shoot signals regulate shoot physiology, and a conceptual framework to test the importance of different signals such as plant hormones in these physiological processes. Nevertheless, shoot‐to‐root (hormonal) signalling also plays an important role in regulating root growth and function and may dominate when larger quantities of a hormone are produced in the shoots than the roots. Here, we review the evidence for acropetal and basipetal transport of three different plant hormones (abscisic acid, jasmonates, strigolactones) that have antitranspirant effects, to indicate the origin and action of these signalling systems. The physiological importance of each transport pathway likely depends on the specific environmental conditions the plant is exposed to, specifically whether the roots or shoots are the first to lose turgor when exposed to drying soil or elevated atmospheric demand, respectively. All three hormones can interact to influence each other's synthesis, degradation and intracellular signalling to augment or attenuate their physiological impacts, highlighting the complexity of unravelling these signalling systems. Nevertheless, such complexity suggests crop improvement opportunities to select for allelic variation in the genes affecting hormonal regulation, and (in selected crops) to augment root–shoot communication by judicious selection of rootstock–scion combinations to ameliorate abiotic stresses.
Dental treatment of patients with prune belly syndrome
Authors: Quilici Garrett , Tolarova Marie M. , Quilici Mary , Quilici Diana L.
Published: May 2022

Background

Prune belly syndrome (PBS), also known as Eagle‐Barrett syndrome (EGBRS), is a rare congenital disease characterized by deficiency or absence of abdominal wall muscles, urological abnormalities, and bilateral cryptorchidism.

Types of Studies Reviewed

A review of literature was done using four search engines (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct) and keywords (individually and in combinations): prune belly syndrome, PBS, Eagle‐Barrett syndrome, dental manifestation, clinical manifestation, and psychological aspects. The search was run with no language restrictions and covered the 1965–2021 time period.

Results

The search yielded a large number of articles. The vast majority were dealing with a variety of treatments. PBS is a multisystem disease with a variable spectrum ranging from mild cases to infant mortality. Comorbidities of PBS (63% gastrointestinal, 65% orthopedic, and 49% cardiopulmonary) present challenges for treatment. PBS affects quality of life of patients and caregivers. We selected and summarized published information that is relevant to oral health and dental care.

Conclusions and Practical Implications

Providing information to dental practitioners will improve their understanding of PBS. It will help them to better treat patients with PBS and it will encourage more dental providers to welcome patients with PBS into their dental clinics.
Description of non‐brachycephalic canine conjunctival microbiome before and after application of an antiseptic preparation
Authors: Seyer Lindsay D. , Wills Robert , Scott Erin M. , Betbeze Caroline
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate canine conjunctival microbiome before and after an antiseptic preparation using aerobic culture and DNA sequencing.

Animals Studied

Six healthy non‐brachycephalic dogs.

Procedures

Dogs randomly received povidone‐iodine 1:50 dilution solution in one eye with the second eye serving as a control. Standardized volumes of solution, number of sterile cotton tipped applicators, and preparation times of 5 min were used. Aerobic culture and DNA sequencing samples were collected from inferior conjunctival fornices at baseline, immediately following, 24 h, and 4 weeks following antiseptic preparation. Aerobic culture data were evaluated using paired t‐test and linear regression. Illumina platform was used to sequence bacterial DNA using primers to target the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Quantitative Insights Into Molecular Ecology (QIIME 2.0) was used to analyze data.

Results

Baseline aerobic cultures consisted of Bacillus (35%), Staphylococcus (30%), Streptococcus (20%), Moraxella (5%), Micrococcus (5%), and Simonsiella spp. (5%). No significant difference was detected in mean number of species cultured at baseline and following treatment (p = .465). Treatment, sample time, or interaction was not significant (p > .393). The most abundant phyla at baseline via DNA sequencing were Proteobacteria (57.04%), Actinobacteria (19.89%), Firmicutes (3.25%), and Bacteroidetes (5.5%). Alpha and beta diversity matrices at baseline and over time revealed no significant change in species richness or bacterial composition. Relative abundance of bacterial taxa did not significantly differ in treated or control eyes over time.

Conclusions

Conjunctival bacterial flora identified differed between culture dependent and independent methods. The bacterial community remained stable over time after application of the antiseptic preparation.
Possible bidirectional human–swine and subsequent human–human transmission of influenza virus A(H1N1)/2009 in Japan
Authors: Kuroda Moegi , Usui Tatsufumi , Shibata Chiharu , Nishigaki Haruka , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2022

In 2019, sows at a swine farm in Japan showed influenza‐like illness (ILI) shortly after contact with an employee that exhibited ILI. Subsequently, a veterinarian became sick shortly after examining the sows and was diagnosed with influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Then, her family also contracted the infection. Subsequently, Pandemic A(H1N1)2009 viruses were isolated from all samples obtained from the sows, veterinarian and her family. Whole‐genome analysis of the isolates confirmed that the viruses belonged to the same lineage (6B.1A) and the genome sequences obtained from all of the isolates were almost identical to each other. Furthermore, an epidemiological survey revealed no contact between veterinarians or their families and influenza patients prior to the onset of illness. These results strongly indicated a case of bidirectional infection between humans and sows. At the same time, we found a few unique mutations in the IAV genomes corresponding to the host species. The mutations that occurred in the virus after it was transferred from the farm worker to the sows were not observed in the humans infected from the sows, probably as a result of the mutations reverting to the original nucleotides. These results demonstrate that the bidirectional transmission of IAV is a potential risk for the next pandemic outbreak due to the emergence of new mutant strains.
Image Processing Approach for Estimating the Degree of Surface Eroded by Slurry at Different Impact Velocities
Authors: Al-Bukhaiti M. A. , Abouel-Kasem A. , Abdelrhman Y. , Heshmat M. , Ahmed S. M.
Published: May 2022

In this research, we utilize image processing to analyze surfaces acquired from slurry-erosion tests carried out on AISI 5117 steel at various velocities and impact angles of 30 deg and 90 deg. The fractal and wavelet decomposition transform are two analysis tools that are particularly promising in this regard. These can be used to extract metrics that characterize slurry erosion in the same way that erosion rate is characterized. The study found that for a higher velocity of 15 m/s and a 30-deg impact angle, the fractal value was larger, irrespective of magnification. The fractal value is also in a positive linear regression with magnification. The extracted features of wavelet analysis were not distinctive for slurry-erosion behavior. The role of impact velocity in creating erosion damage is related to the variety of erosion mechanisms that are dependent on the particles’ kinetic energy. Microscopic examinations of damaged surfaces revealed that extruded lips indentation was the major mechanism of erosion, which occurred at 5 m/s speed and 30-deg impingement angle. Ploughing was proved that it was the predominant erosion mechanism at high velocity. Hence, the impact velocity determines the length of the wear tracks created by the ploughing mechanism.
Compatibility of Proteus®, matrine, and pyridalyl pesticides with Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot: Sublethal studies and persistence effect
Authors: Kordestani Mona , Mahdian Kamran , Baniameri Valiollah , Sheikhi Garjan Aziz
Published: May 2022

The predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an effective biological control agent that suppresses populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) under greenhouse conditions. Our study assessed the lethal and sublethal effects of three novel pesticides on this predator. Results showed that pyridalyl presented the highest toxicity against A. swirskii adults based on LC50 (41.7 mg L-1). Also, sublethal concentrations (LC25) of Proteus® and pyridalyl not only significantly prolonged the duration of A. swirskii immature stages but alsoreduced the fecundity of the predator female adults by 21.4 and 41.5%, respectively. Similarly, the LC25 of both pesticides significantly reduced life table parameters of the F1 generation, which are important in the effective control of F. occidentalis, particularly in conservation biological control. In contrast, the LC25 of matrine stimulated reproduction in A. swirskii populations by significantly increasingR0 and r. Within a 24-h period, the number of F. occidentalis consumed by A. swirskii adults exposed to fresh Proteus® and pyridalyl residues was reduced by 35.6% and 15.8%, respectively. Proteus® caused the highest mortality in persistence assessments up to 96h. Our results indicated that only matrine is marginally compatible with the use of A. swirskii.
Sublethal effects of Milbemectin on biological parameters of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Mousavi Ahmad , Kheradmand Katayoon , Fathipour Yaghoub , Mosallanejad Hadi , Havasi Mohammadreza
Published: May 2022

Pesticides cause serious damage to agricultural and natural ecosystems. Knowing pesticides' side effects on non-target beneficial phytoseiids is crucial for integrated mite management (IMM) programs. One solution is to use biological agents and a low concentration of pesticides together. The present study was conducted to evaluate sublethal effects of acaricide Milbemectin (Milbecnock®) at LC5, LC15 and LC25 levels on development and reproduction parameters of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Heneroit (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions [25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8 (L:D) hours]. Our results demonstrated that higher concentrations of Milbemectin (LC15 and LC25) had the most effect on the Longevity and the Total life span of both males and females of a predatory mite. The total life span in females was recorded from 42.67 days (Control) to 23.46 days (LC25 treatment). In an unusual observation, the oviposition period and also the total fecundity of the LC5 treatment have been 21.42 days and 37.31 offspring per individual, respectively. Which is recorded higher than the control treatment. These parameters were recorded in minimum value on the highest concentration treatment. Contrariwise the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) are not affected by sublethal concentrations of Milbemectin. The recommended dose of milbemectin based on the active ingredient is 10 ppm and the concentration obtained for LC5 is 27.92 ppm, which had a positive effect on fecundity and a slight imperceptible effect on the total life span reducing of the predatory mite. Sublethal effects of milbemectin and its impact on A. swirskii are discussed.
Non-Euclidean estimation of acoustic cross-spectral density matrices: Evaluation by matched-field localization in an ocean waveguide
Authors: Finette Steven
Published: May 2022

A set of non-Euclidean cross-spectral density matrix (CSDM) estimators based on the Frechet mean and median is applied to spatially localize an acoustic source in a stochastic shallow water environment driven by internal gravity waves. The resulting geometric-based matrix estimates are incorporated into matched-field processors defined through steering matrices using intrinsic distance measures between pairs of CSDMs on a Riemannian manifold for each replica source location. Their performance is evaluated using the probability of correct localization to determine any improvement in source localization over the conventional (maximum likelihood) statistical approach for CSDM estimation.