bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective study investigating naloxone prescribing and cost in US Medicaid and Medicare patients
Authors: Manko Christopher D , Ahmed Mohamed S , Harrison Lavinia R , Kodavatiganti Srivastava A , Lugo Noelia , Konadu Jason Osei , Khan Farrin , Massari Carrie A , Sealey Tenisha K , Addison Maame Efua , Mbah Celine N , McCall Kenneth L , Fraiman Joseph B , Piper Brian J
Published: May 2024

Background

Opioid overdoses in the USA have increased to unprecedented levels. Administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone can prevent overdoses.

Objective

This study was conducted to reveal the pharmacoepidemiologic patterns in naloxone prescribing to Medicaid patients from 2018 to 2021 as well as Medicare in 2019.

Design

Observational pharmacoepidemiologic study

Setting

US Medicare and Medicaid naloxone claims

Intervention

The Medicaid State Drug Utilisation Data File was utilised to extract information on the number of prescriptions and the amount prescribed of naloxone at a national and state level. The Medicare Provider Utilisation and Payment was also utilised to analyse prescription data from 2019.

Outcome measures

States with naloxone prescription rates that were outliers of quartile analysis were noted.

Results

The number of generic naloxone prescriptions per 100 000 Medicaid enrollees decreased by 5.3%, whereas brand naloxone prescriptions increased by 245.1% from 2018 to 2021. There was a 33.1-fold difference in prescriptions between the highest (New Mexico=1809.5) and lowest (South Dakota=54.6) states in 2019. Medicare saw a 30.4-fold difference in prescriptions between the highest (New Mexico) and lowest states (also South Dakota) after correcting per 100 000 enrollees.

Conclusions

This pronounced increase in the number of naloxone prescriptions to Medicaid patients from 2018 to 2021 indicates a national response to this widespread public health emergency. Further research into the origins of the pronounced state-level disparities is warranted.
Cost analysis for initiating an integrated package of essential non-communicable disease interventions (PEN-Plus) in Kondoa District Hospital, Tanzania: a time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) study protocol
Authors: Ndumwa Harrieth Peter , Mori Amani Thomas , Ruhago George Mugambage , Willilo Ritha , McBain Ryan , Boudreaux Chantelle , Wroe Emily , Adler Alma J , Bukhman Gene , Mayige Mary Theodory , Kaarboe Oddvar
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute approximately 74% of global mortality, with 77% of these deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Tanzania exemplifies this situation, as the percentage of total disability-adjusted life years attributed to NCDs has doubled over the past 30 years, from 18% to 36%. To mitigate the escalating burden of severe NCDs, the Tanzanian government, in collaboration with local and international partners, seeks to extend the integrated package of essential interventions for severe NCDs (PEN-Plus) to district-level facilities, thereby improving accessibility. This study aims to estimate the cost of initiating PEN-Plus for rheumatic heart disease, sickle cell disease and type 1 diabetes at Kondoa district hospital in Tanzania.

Methods and analysis

We will employ time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to quantify the capacity cost rates (CCR), and capital and recurrent costs associated with the implementation of PEN-Plus. Data on resource consumption will be collected through direct observations and interviews with nurses, the medical officer in charge and the heads of laboratory and pharmacy units/departments. Data on contact times for targeted NCDs will be collected by observing a sample of patients as they move through the care delivery pathway. Data cleaning and analysis will be done using Microsoft Excel.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval to conduct the study has been waived by the Norwegian Regional Ethics Committee and was granted by the Tanzanian National Health Research Ethics Committee NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/4475. A written informed consent will be provided to the study participants. This protocol has been disseminated in the Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting International Symposium, Norway and the 11th Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Scientific Conference, Tanzania in 2023. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals for use by the academic community, researchers and health practitioners.
Evaluating the effect of a mobile-based symptom monitoring system for improving physical function in patients with cancer during chemotherapy: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lee Mangyeong , Kang Danbee , Um Yesol , Jo Bokyung , Rhue Jeong , Park Sehhoon , Lee Yoo-Young , Noh Joseph J , Lee Yun-Gyoo , Koo Dong-Hoe , Park Kyong-Hwa , Lee Soohyeon , Ahn Jin Seok , Oh Dongryul , Cho Juhee
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Symptoms due to chemotherapy are common in patients with cancer. Cancer-related symptoms are closely associated with the deterioration of physical function which can be associated with decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Thus, timely symptom identification is critical for improving cancer prognosis and survival. Recently, remote symptom monitoring system using digital technology has demonstrated its effects on symptom control or survival. However, few studies examined whether remote monitoring would contribute to retaining physical function among patients with cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile-based symptom monitoring in improving physical function among patients with cancer under chemotherapy.

Methods and analysis

This study is a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. We will recruit 372 patients at three tertiary hospitals located in Seoul, South Korea. Study participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the ePRO-CTCAE app and a control group receiving routine clinical practice only. The primary outcome is changes in physical function from commencement to completion of planned chemotherapy. A linear mixed model will be performed under the intention-to-treat principle. The secondary outcomes include physical activity level; changes in pain interference; changes in depressive symptom; unplanned clinical visits; additional medical expenditure for symptom management; completion rate of planned chemotherapy; changes in symptom burden and health-related quality of life; and 1-year overall mortality.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the institutional review board and ethics committee at the three university hospitals involved in this trial. Written informed consent will be obtained from all the participants. The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated through relevant literatures.

Trial registration number

KCT0007220.
Examining relationships between adverse childhood experiences and coping during the cost-of-living crisis using a national cross-sectional survey in Wales, UK
Authors: Hughes Karen , Bellis Mark A , Cresswell Katie , Hill Rebecca , Ford Kat , Hopkins Joanne C
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect individuals’ resilience to stressors and their vulnerability to mental, physical and social harms. This study explored associations between ACEs, financial coping during the cost-of-living crisis and perceived impacts on health and well-being.

Design

National cross-sectional face-to-face survey. Recruitment used a random quota sample of households stratified by health region and deprivation quintile.

Setting

Households in Wales, UK.

Participants

1880 Welsh residents aged ≥18 years.

Measures

Outcome variables were perceived inability to cope financially during the cost-of-living crisis; rising costs of living causing substantial distress and anxiety; and self-reported negative impact of rising costs of living on mental health, physical health, family relationships, local levels of antisocial behaviour and violence, and community support. Nine ACEs were measured retrospectively. Socioeconomic and demographic variables included low household income, economic inactivity, residential deprivation and activity limitation.

Results

The prevalence of all outcomes increased strongly with ACE count. Perceived inability to cope financially during the cost-of-living crisis increased from 14.0% with 0 ACEs to 51.5% with 4+ ACEs. Relationships with ACEs remained after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Those with 4+ ACEs (vs 0 ACEs) were over three times more likely to perceive they would be unable to cope financially and, correspondingly, almost three times more likely to report substantial distress and anxiety and over three times more likely to report negative impacts on mental health, physical health and family relationships.

Conclusions

Socioeconomically deprived populations are recognised to be disproportionately impacted by rising costs of living. Our study identifies a history of ACEs as an additional vulnerability that can affect all socioeconomic groups. Definitions of vulnerability during crises and communications with services on who is most likely to be impacted should consider childhood adversity and history of trauma.
Differences in bone mineral density and associated factors in dancers and other female athletes
Authors: Critchley Meghan L. , Toomey Clodagh , Gabel Leigh , Kenny Sarah J. , Emery Carolyn A.
Published: May 2024

Dancers are susceptible to relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), specifically low bone mineral density (BMD). Little is known about how dancers’ BMD compares to other athletic populations. The objective of this study was to examine the association between participant characteristics and total body areal BMD (aBMD) among female pre-professional dancers compared to other female athletes. Two hundred sixty-nine females (132 pre-professional dancers (17.6 (3.2) years) and 137 sport participants (22.8 (2.6) years) were included in this study. aBMD (g/cm2) was estimated using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between height-adjusted z-scores of total body aBMD (aBMD-Z) and age (years), body mass index (BMI) ( z-score), supplement intake, history of stress fracture, irregular menses, MRI/bone scan, 1-year injury history, oral contraceptives, and activity (dance/sport). Total body aBMD and aBMD-Z were lower in dancers than athletes (dancers: aBMD = 1.03 g/cm2 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.05); aBMD-Z = −0.28 (−0.43, −0.12) ( p < 0.001); athletes: aBMD = 1.14 g/cm2 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.16); aBMD-Z = 0.41 (0.25, 0.57) ( p < 0.001)). aBMD-Z increased with age (β = 0.054, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.092; p = 0.004) and BMI (β = 0.221, 95% CI: 0.006, 0.415; p = 0.043). Activity type modified the relationship between BMI and aBMD-Z (β = 0.323, 95% CI: 0.025, 0.621; p < 0.033) with a stronger positive association in dancers, compared to other female athletes. Dancers had lower total body aBMD and aBMD-Z than other female athletes. aBMD-Z increases with age in female pre-professional dancers and other female athletes. A stronger association exists between aBMD-Z and BMI in dancers than athletes. Future studies should consider changes in aBMD-Z during adolescence and associations with increased risk of bone injury.
A revisit on the hydrogen atom induced by a uniform static electric field
Authors: Anh-Tai Tran Duong , Khang Le Minh , Duy Vy Nguyen , Truong Thu D.H. , Pham Vinh N.T.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we revisit the Stark effect of the hydrogen atom induced by a uniform static electric field. In particular, a general formula for the integral of associated Laguerre polynomials was derived by applying the method for Hermite polynomials of degree n proposed in the work (Anh-Tai T.D. et al., 2021 AIP Advances 11 085310). The quadratic Stark effect is obtained by applying this formula and the time-independent non-degenerate perturbation theory to hydrogen. Using the Siegert state method, numerical calculations are performed and serve as data for benchmarking. The comparisons are then illustrated for the ground and some highly excited states to provide an insightful look at the applicable limit and precision of the quadratic Stark effect formula for other atoms with comparable properties.
The impact of LHC jet and Z $$p_T$$ data at up to approximate N$${}^3$$LO order in the MSHT global PDF fit
Authors: Cridge T. , Harland-Lang L. A. , Thorne R. S.
Published: May 2024

We present an analysis of two key sets of data constraining the high x gluon at up to approximate N$${}^3$$

3

LO in QCD within the MSHT global PDF fitting framework. We begin with LHC 7 and 8 TeV inclusive jet and dijet production at both NNLO and aN$${}^3$$

3

LO. This makes use of the formalism established in the previous global MSHT20aN$${}^3$$

3

LO PDF fit, but now considers the role of dijet production for the first time at this order. We present a detailed comparison of the fit quality and PDF impact for both cases, and consider the role that electroweak corrections, and the scale choice for inclusive jet production has. Some mild tension between these data sets in the impact on the high x gluon is seen at NNLO, but this is largely eliminated at aN$${}^3$$

3

LO. While a good fit quality to the dijet data is achieved at both orders, the fit quality to the inclusive jet data is relatively poor. We examine the impact of including full colour corrections in a global PDF fit for the first time, finding this to be relatively mild. We also revisit the fit to the ATLAS 8 TeV Z$$p_T$$

p
T

data, considering the role that the $$p_T$$

p
T

cuts, data selection and different aspects of the aN$${}^3$$

3

LO treatment have on the fit quality and PDF impact. We observe that in all cases the aN$${}^3$$

3

LO fit quality is consistently improved relative to the NNLO, indicating a clear preference for higher order theory for these data.
DyRecMul: Fast and Low-Cost Approximate Multiplier for FPGAs using Dynamic Reconfiguration
Authors: Vakili Shervin , Vaziri Mobin , Zarei Amirhossein , Langlois J.M. Pierre
Published: May 2024

Multipliers are widely-used arithmetic operators in digital signal processing and machine learning (
ML
) circuits. Due to their relatively high complexity, they can have high latency and be a significant source of power consumption. One strategy to alleviate these limitations is to use approximate computing. This article thus introduces an original FPGA-based approximate multiplier specifically optimized for ML computations. It utilizes dynamically reconfigurable lookup table (LUT) primitives in AMD-Xilinx technology to realize the core part of the computations. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the hardware architecture, implementation outcomes, and accuracy evaluations of the multiplier proposed in INT8 precision. The article also facilitates the generalization of the proposed approximate multiplier idea to other datatypes, providing analysis and estimations for hardware cost and accuracy as a function of multiplier parameters. Implementation results on an AMD-Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale+ FPGA demonstrate remarkable savings of 64% and 67% in LUT utilization for signed multiplication and multiply-and-accumulation configurations, respectively when compared to the standard Xilinx multiplier core. Accuracy measurements on four popular deep learning (DL) benchmarks indicate a minimal average accuracy decrease of less than 0.29% during post-training deployment, with the maximum reduction staying less than 0.33%. The source code of this work is available on GitHub.
The Sociology of Interpretation
Authors: Goldberg Amir , Singell Madison H.
Published: May 2024

Recent years have seen a growing sociological interest in meaning. In fact, some argue that sociology cannot confront its foundational questions without addressing meaning. Yet sociologists mean many things when they talk about meaning. We propose a practical approach that conceptualizes meaning as an instance of an actor interpreting a stimulus. Reviewing existing literature, we find that most sociological accounts understand interpretation either as categorization or as semantic association. We show that an integrated approach is analytically useful for conceptualizing shared interpretation and the process by which people coordinate their interpretations. This provides a framework for addressing interpretative heterogeneity when studying attitudinal or behavioral variance. We conclude by highlighting how recent advances in computational linguistics have opened exciting new possibilities for the study of interpretation, and suggest several avenues for future research.
“Which Cases Do I Need?” Constructing Cases and Observations in Qualitative Research
Authors: Collins Caitlyn , Neely Megan Tobias , Khan Shamus
Published: May 2024

This methodological review starts one step before Small's classic account of how many cases a scholar needs. We ask, “Which cases do I need?” We argue that a core feature of most qualitative research is case construction, which we define as the delineation of a social category of inquiry. We outline how qualitative researchers construct cases and observations and discuss how these choices impact data collection, analysis, and argumentation. In particular, we examine how case construction and the subsequent logic of crafting observations within cases have consequences for conceptual generalizability, as distinct from empirical generalizability. Drawing from the practice of qualitative work, we outline seven questions qualitative researchers often answer to construct cases and observations. Better understanding and articulating the logic of constructing cases and observations is useful for both qualitative scholars embarking on research and those who read and evaluate their work.
The Rise and Fall of the Sociology of the Global City
Authors: Le Galès Patrick
Published: May 2024

In the 1980s and 1990s, a series of publications, including Saskia Sassen's landmark book The Global City, triggered a new current of research aiming to link a cycle of globalized financial and tech capitalism to a new type of city, analogous to what the industrial city had been in the past. This article first reviews this literature in relation to the history and sociology of the world city. It then reviews criticism and sociological questions advanced by the global city literature and, in particular, research by Saskia Sassen and Manuel Castells. It argues that claims about the uniqueness of the global city were not validated empirically. Nonetheless, the issues this literature raised became central to research on globalizing cities, in particular in relation to the role of finance and financial capitals. Finally, this article argues that different forms of globalization give rise to different types of globalizing cities. A new cycle of research is now underway in relation to the climate crisis and pandemics, as the climate crisis becomes the most important global phenomenon.
NADPH oxidase 4-derived hydrogen peroxide counterbalances testosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction and migration
Authors: Alves Juliano V. , da Costa Rafael M. , Awata Wanessa M. C. , Bruder-Nascimento Ariane , Singh Shubhnita , Tostes Rita C. , Bruder-Nascimento Thiago
Published: May 2024

By inducing ROS formation, high levels of testosterone play a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. NOXs are the major sources of ROS in the vasculature of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we describe a novel compensatory mechanism by showing that NOX4 is a protective oxidant enzyme and counterbalances the deleterious effects of testosterone in endothelial cells by modulating hydrogen peroxide formation.
Evidence of the existence of multiple modules for the stroke-caused flexion synergy from Fugl-Meyer assessment scores
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Ko Sung-Hwa , Han Junhee , Kim Young-Taek , Kim Yun-Hee , Chang Won Hyuk , Shin Yong-Il
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate that abnormal synergies are still selectively excited depending on the context.
Inactivity-induced phrenic motor facilitation requires PKCζ activity within phrenic motor neurons
Authors: Baertsch Nathan A. , Marciante Alexandria B. , Mitchell Gordon S. , Baker Tracy L.
Published: May 2024

We report important new findings concerning the mechanisms regulating a form of spinal neuroplasticity elicited by prolonged inhibition of respiratory neural activity, inactivity-induced phrenic motor facilitation (iPMF). We demonstrate that the atypical PKC isoform PKCζ within phrenic motor neurons is necessary for long-lasting iPMF, whereas intercostal motor neuron PKCζ contributes to, but is not necessary for, transient inspiratory intercostal facilitation. Our findings are novel and advance our understanding of mechanisms contributing to phrenic motor plasticity.
Diagnostic Value of Serum and Urine Endocan Levels in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Aydin Hasan Riza , Adanur Senol , Ozkaya Fatih , Utlu Adem , Laloglu Esra , Turgut Hasan , Demirdogen Saban Oguz , Akkas Fatik , Canda Abdullah Erdem
Published: May 2024

Objective. This prospective study aimed to explore the potential diagnostic value of endocan levels in bladder cancer by investigating a possible association of serum and urine endocan levels with the stage and grade of bladder tumors in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in terms of risk stratification. Materials and Methods. Participants included 66 male patients with NMIBC. Patients with full pathology results, NMIBC stage T1, and healthy controls were categorized as groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Patients were further classified into high- and low-grade groups following their pathology results. Risk classification according to the European Association of Urology (EAU) was assigned to patients with NMIBC, and associations of risk groups with serum and urine endocan levels were analyzed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to identify serum and urine endocan concentrations. Results. Serum endocan levels according to pathological staging were significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3. The urine endocan level was statistically significantly higher in group 2 than in group 3 p<0.001. The predictive power of the urine endocan level was evaluated for its ability to predict T1 disease, revealing an area under the curve of 0.735 and a threshold of 903. The EAU classification was evaluated according to risk groups, and the urine endpoint was statistically significantly higher in the univariate analysis for the high and very high-risk groups p=0.034. Conclusion. Our results indicate that endocan levels hold significant promise in prognostic feature evaluation in NMIBC, particularly in the context of screening patients with hematuria.
Equine Infectious Anaemia: The Active Surveillance of an Entire Equid Population Reduces the Occurrence of the Infection
Authors: Carvelli Andrea , Nardini Roberto , Carnio Azzurra , Ricci Ida , Rosone Francesca , Sala Marcello , Simeoni Sara , Maccarone Daniela , Scicluna Maria Teresa
Published: May 2024

Equine infectious anaemia (EIA) is a life‐long viral infection affecting equids, transmitted mechanically by biting flies and iatrogenic means. Despite its global distribution, active surveillance is limited, with passive clinical surveillance or control of specific equine sectors prevailing. In Italy, a national surveillance plan in horse, donkey, and mule populations has been established and includes mandatory passive and active surveillance through annual serological tests. During 2007–2010, the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test served as both screening and confirmatory tests. Since 2011, a three‐tier diagnostic pathway was introduced, utilizing the ELISA test for screening, AGID as the confirmatory test, and the immunoblot test for cases where ELISA was positive and AGID was negative. From a total equid population of 406,000 animals, 1,337,899 samples were analysed during 2007–2012, with 2,348 (0.18%) testing positive. EIA seroprevalence significantly decreased across all the species/hybrids during the study period. EIA occurrence was higher in mules (IRR = 48.90) and lower in donkeys (IRR = 0.56) compared to horses. The holding seroprevalence was 1.15%. Spatial analysis revealed clusters of infection in central Italy. These findings demonstrate that active systematic surveillance effectively reduces EIA prevalence in equid populations. Mules and working horses in wooded areas appeared to be at higher risk of infection and act as EIA reservoirs. Surveillance and control should be maintained and strengthened in these species/hybrids and in these areas to effectively control EIA. Passive surveillance alone is insufficient to eradicate the disease, and EIA remains a constant threat for the equine industry if active control is not implemented.
Student Performance Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Ahmed Esmael
Published: May 2024

Education is crucial for a productive life and providing necessary resources. With the advent of technology like artificial intelligence, higher education institutions are incorporating technology into traditional teaching methods. Predicting academic success has gained interest in education as a strong academic record improves a university’s ranking and increases student employment opportunities. Modern learning institutions face challenges in analyzing performance, providing high‐quality education, formulating strategies for evaluating students’ performance, and identifying future needs. E‐learning is a rapidly growing and advanced form of education, where students enroll in online courses. Platforms like Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), learning management systems (LMS), and massive open online courses (MOOC) use educational data mining (EDM) to develop automatic grading systems, recommenders, and adaptative systems. However, e‐learning is still considered a challenging learning environment due to the lack of direct interaction between students and course instructors. Machine learning (ML) is used in developing adaptive intelligent systems that can perform complex tasks beyond human abilities. Some areas of applications of ML algorithms include cluster analysis, pattern recognition, image processing, natural language processing, and medical diagnostics. In this research work, K‐means, a clustering data mining technique using Davies’ Bouldin method, obtains clusters to find important features affecting students’ performance. The study found that the SVM algorithm had the best prediction results after parameter adjustment, with a 96% accuracy rate. In this paper, the researchers have examined the functions of the Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, naive Bayes, and KNN classifiers. The outcomes of parameter adjustment greatly increased the accuracy of the four prediction models. Naïve Bayes model’s prediction accuracy is the lowest when compared to other prediction methods, as it assumes a strong independent relationship between features.
The Morphology of Peri‐Implantitis Bone Defects: A Retrospective Study on Periapical Radiographs
Authors: Alberti Alice , Morandi Benedetta , Frascolino Caterina , Cavalli Nicolo , Francetti Luca , Corbella Stefano
Published: May 2024

Objectives. The aims of this study were to assess the morphologic features of peri‐implant defects, as measured on 2D intraoral radiographs, and to investigate the possible correlation between such morphology and other parameters related to the position and characteristics of the implant or the implant‐supported prosthesis. Materials and Methods. Implants with peri‐implantitis were included in this retrospective study. Data collected were related both to the patients and to the position/characteristics of the implants and the implant‐supported prosthesis. Measurements of the morphologic defects were performed by two operators on digitalized intraoral periapical radiographs. Results and Conclusion. In total, 73 implants in 27 patients were included. The measurements of the periapical radiograph suggested that the most common defect conformation was crateriform, with both intraosseous and horizontal components. An inverse correlation was found between the extension of the peri‐implant lesion and the time between the radiographic assessment and the implant placement. The total lesion area was strongly correlated to oral hygiene levels. No correlations between lesion extension and smoking, diabetes, history of periodontal were found. In conclusion, the results from this 2D radiographic study showed the prevalence of crateriform peri‐implant defects, with a hygiene‐correlated extension, perceptible on the mesial and distal aspects; 3D imaging could be used when available for further research and clinical investigation.
New Multilinear Variable Separation Solutions of the (3 + 1)-Dimensional Burgers Hierarchy
Authors: Zhu Wei , Wang Jian-Yong , Zhou Kai , Shen Shoufeng , Ren Bo
Published: May 2024

The multilinear variable separation (MLVS) approach has been proven to be very useful in solving (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable systems. Taking the (3 + 1)-dimensional Burgers hierarchy as an example, we extend the MLVS approach to a whole family of (3 + 1)-dimensional Burgers hierarchy. New exact solutions and universal formulas are obtained, which lead to abundant (3 + 1)-dimensional coherent structures. In particular, two ring-type soliton molecules and their interactions are shown in detail. We also generalize the MLVS results of the (3 + 1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa (JM) equation and modified JM equation.
Optimized Transverse–Longitudinal Hybrid Construction for Sustainable Design of Welded Steel Plate Girders
Authors: Negrin Iván , Kripka Moacir , Yepes Víctor
Published: May 2024

I‐section girders with different types of steel in the flanges and web (fyf > fyw, respectively) are known as transverse hybrid girders. These have proven to be more economical than their homogeneous counterparts. However, the use of hybrid configurations in the longitudinal direction of the element has yet to be studied. This paper uses optimization techniques to explore the possibility of constructing transverse and longitudinally hybrid (TLH) steel girders. The optimization objective is to minimize the manufacturing cost, including seven activities besides the material cost. The geometrically double symmetric I‐girder design subjected to a uniform transverse load is performed using Eurocode 3 specifications. Nine case studies are implemented, varying the element span (L) and the applied load. The results show that establishing various configurations along the length of the element is beneficial. The optimum number of transition points is six, meaning the girder will have four configurations, i.e., one central and three others symmetrically distributed toward each half of the element. The optimum position for the first transition would be at 0.24∗(L/2), the second at 0.40∗(L/2), and the third at 0.60∗(L/2). The optimum extreme configuration is usually homogeneous (fyf = fyw = 235 MPa). The others increase the steel quality in the plates, maintaining hybrid arrangements to reach the central one that usually remains with S700 steel for the flanges and S355 for the web. The study shows that TLH configurations are more effective for elements with larger spans. By applying the formulated design recommendations in a different case study, the manufacturing cost dropped by over 50% compared to the traditionally designed element and by more than 10% relative to the optimized element with a homogeneous configuration. The study’s limitations and encouraging results suggest future lines of research in this area.
On a Stochastic Approach to Extensions of the Susceptible‐Infected‐Susceptible (SIS) Model Applied to Malaria
Authors: Drabo Abdoul Karim , Bere Frédéric , Nitiema S. P. Clovis
Published: May 2024

This work presents a stochastic model of malaria spread. We first calculated the basic reproduction number R0 of the models (ShIhRhSh‐SvIv) and (ShLhIhRhSh‐SvLvIv) in order to show that the malaria‐free equilibrium is asymptotically stable; then, we used a finite Markov chain model to describe the interactions between the different compartments of the model (SeLeIeReSe‐SaLaIaRaSa‐SvIv). We carried out numerical simulations of our results for two types of transmission zones: a zone with low malaria transmission and an endemic zone. Through these simulations, we first determined the invariant stationary distribution π∗ of the model, and then, we found that the use of the indoor residual spraying (IRS) method by regular application of insecticides is more effective for the elimination of malaria than the use of long‐acting impregnated mosquito nets (LLINs).
Screening of Essential Oils for the Inhibition of Enterobacter ludwigii Isolated from Tomato Fruits
Authors: Wang Mingcheng , Liu Daoqi , Jin Yuan , Li Dahong , Qiao Zhu , Wang Gailing , Xia Huili , Xu Linglong , Li Enzhong
Published: May 2024

Tomato is perishable and requires preservation to extend its shelf life. In this study, we conducted selection processes to identify essential oils that can help to avoid spoilage and deterioration during tomato storage and extend the shelf life. Thereafter, we determined the phosphatase activity assay, potassium ion concentration, and electron microscopy to study the antibacterial mechanism of essential oil. We found that Enterobacter ludwigii W01 was the dominant spoilage bacterium in tomatoes with cracked and curled skin. We selected oregano essential oil from 12 essential oils (oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, osmanthus essential oil, cypress wood essential oil, tea tree essential oil, licorice essential oil, Baili essential oil, white camphor essential oil, Shancang seed essential oil, rosemary essential oil, rose essential oil, and cinnamon essential oil) which could significantly inhibit the activity of E. ludwigii W01. However, the diameter of the inhibition zone for Wh, Te, Cy, Li, Rm, Le, and Os is 0 mm, the diameter of the inhibition zone for Ba, Sh, and Ro was less than 1.0 mm, whereas the diameter of the inhibition zone for Ci and Or was greater than 2.0 mm. The diameter of the suppression circle for Ci and Or was greater than 2.0 mm, while Ci was lesser than Or. Oregano essential oil can damage the cell wall of E. ludwigii W01, leading to the leakage of the alkaline phosphatase stored between the cell wall and the cell membrane which can increase the alkaline phosphatase activity in the bacterial solution. Meanwhile, the addition of oregano essential oil significantly altered the cellular morphology of E. ludwigii W01. Spraying the surface of fresh tomato fruits with 1 MIC (0.125%) of oregano essential oil prolonged the storage time to 15 days, without significant changes in its sensory attributes. Those results indicated that oregano essential oil was a potential preservative for tomatoes.
Table S2 from Breast Cancer Stem Cells Secrete MIF to Mediate Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming That Drives Immune Evasion
Authors: Yan Linlin , Wu Mingming , Wang Tianyu , Yuan Hui , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Huafeng , Li Tao , Pandey Vijay , Han Xinghua , Lobie Peter E. , Zhu Tao
Published: May 2024

Table S2 Lists antibodies used in western blot, immunofluorescence and Flow cytometry.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Breast Cancer Stem Cells Secrete MIF to Mediate Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming That Drives Immune Evasion
Authors: Yan Linlin , Wu Mingming , Wang Tianyu , Yuan Hui , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Huafeng , Li Tao , Pandey Vijay , Han Xinghua , Lobie Peter E. , Zhu Tao
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Figure S3 shows that MIF is identified as a key cytokine secreted by BCSC.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Severity of Complications and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes and the Risk of Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Hu Yu-Wen , Yeh Chiu-Mei , Liu Chia-Jen , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Huang Nicole , Chou Yiing-Jenq
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Figure S2: Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence interval for overall cancer and 11 selected type of cancer according to diabetes duration.
Supplementary Figure S8 from Serum Lipidome Profiling Reveals a Distinct Signature of Ovarian Cancer in Korean Women
Authors: Sah Samyukta , Bifarin Olatomiwa O. , Moore Samuel G. , Gaul David A. , Chung Hyewon , Kwon Sun Young , Cho Hanbyoul , Cho Chi-Heum , Kim Jae-Hoon , Kim Jaeyeon , Fernández Facundo M.
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Figure S8 shows Serum lipidome alterations in early stage (I and II) HGSC.
Table S2 from Risk of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer after a Nonsuspicious Prostate MRI—A Comparison with the General Population
Authors: Pylväläinen Juho , Hoffström Jaakko , Kenttämies Anu , Auvinen Anssi , Mirtti Tuomas , Rannikko Antti
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Table S2. Baseline characteristics and follow-up details. A table listing baseline characteristic and follow-up details for the participants of each study cohort.
Data from Association between Airport Ultrafine Particles and Lung Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Bookstein Arthur , Po Justine , Tseng Chiuchen , Larson Timothy V. , Yang Juan , Park Sung-shim L. , Wu Jun , Shariff-Marco Salma , Inamdar Pushkar P. , Ihenacho Ugonna , Setiawan Veronica W. , DeRouen Mindy C. , Le Marchand Loïc , Stram Daniel O. , Samet Jonathan , Ritz Beate , Fruin Scott , Wu Anna H. , Cheng Iona
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:
Ultrafine particles (UFP) are unregulated air pollutants abundant in aviation exhaust. Emerging evidence suggests that UFPs may impact lung health due to their high surface area-to-mass ratio and deep penetration into airways. This study aimed to assess long-term exposure to airport-related UFPs and lung cancer incidence in a multiethnic population in Los Angeles County.
Methods:
Within the California Multiethnic Cohort, we examined the association between long-term exposure to airport-related UFPs and lung cancer incidence. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the effect of UFP exposure on lung cancer incidence. Subgroup analyses by demographics, histology and smoking status were conducted.
Results:
Airport-related UFP exposure was not associated with lung cancer risk [per one IGR HR, 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97–1.05] overall and across race/ethnicity. A suggestive positive association was observed between a one IQR increase in UFP exposure and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) risk (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00–1.17) with a Phet for histology = 0.05. Positive associations were observed in 5-year lag analysis for SCC (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, CI, 1.02–1.22) and large cell carcinoma risk (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01–1.49) with a Phet for histology = 0.01.
Conclusions:
This large prospective cohort analysis suggests a potential association between airport-related UFP exposure and specific lung histologies. The findings align with research indicating that UFPs found in aviation exhaust may induce inflammatory and oxidative injury leading to SCC.
Impact:
These results highlight the potential role of airport-related UFP exposure in the development of lung SCC.
Prostate MRI Was Negative—What's Next?
Authors: Seibert Tyler M.
Published: May 2024

The primary benefit of prostate MRI in the modern diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer is that many men with elevated serum PSA can safely avoid an immediate biopsy if the MRI is nonsuspicious. It is less clear, though, how these patients should be followed thereafter. Are they to be followed the same as the general population, or do they warrant more attention because of the risk of a cancer missed on MRI? In this issue, Pylväläinen and colleagues report on incidence of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and clinically insignificant PCa (ciPCa) among patients who were referred for prostate MRI for clinical suspicion of csPCa in Helsinki but had a nonsuspicious MRI (nMRI). Compared with the general population in Finland, patients who had nMRI were approximately 3.4 times more likely to be diagnosed with csPCa and 8.2 times more likely to be diagnosed with ciPCa. Balancing the competing risks of a missed csPCa versus overdiagnosis in patients after nMRI requires integration of MRI and other risk factors, especially age and PSA density. This integration may be facilitated by multivariable models and quantitative pathology and imaging.

See related article by Pylväläinen et al., p. 749
Addressing Social Determinants in the Era of Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer: Is It Sufficient to Reduce Disparities?
Authors: Freeman Jincong Q. , Huo Dezheng
Published: May 2024

The Oncotype DX (ODX) assay predicts recurrence risk and demonstrates the benefits of adjuvant therapy in patients with early-stage, hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. ODX uptake varies by patients’ racial/ethnic backgrounds and socioeconomic status (SES). However, community-level variability remains unknown, and research regarding the association between testing status and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy is limited. To fill these knowledge gaps, Van Alsten and colleagues found a 6% lower prevalence of ODX uptake among patients residing in high SES-deprived areas than among those residing in low SES-deprived areas. Among patients with low and median ODX recurrence scores, those who underwent testing were 28% and 21% less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy than those who did not, respectively. The findings emphasize the role of social determinants of health. However, to further reduce or eliminate racial/ethnic disparities and SES inequities, we would need sufficient and effective multi-level approaches. These involve lower ODX testing costs, health insurance coverage expansion, re-classification and validation of ODX recurrence scores in patients of minority ancestry, and the development of a faster, more accurate, and affordable test.

See related article by Van Alsten et al., p. 654
Supplementary Figure S4 from Targeting Dendritic Cell Dysfunction to Circumvent Anti-PD1 Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Saito Shin , Kono Michihisa , Nguyen Hoang C.B. , Egloff Ann Marie , Messier Cameron , Lizotte Patrick , Paweletz Cloud , Adkins Douglas , Uppaluri Ravindra
Published: May 2024

Figure S4.
A. Heatmap of CXC chemokines ligands (CXCL) based on pretreatment bulk RNA-seq data between responders and non-responders.
B. CCL5 expression in each MOC model cultured media with or without IFN-γ stimulation (100U/ml for 48 hours) were analyzed by CCL5-ELISA. n=2-3.
C. p value and r squared value calculated from Pearson correlation coefficient of cDC score and chemokine RNA expression are plotted. Broken line
represents a p value of 0.05.
D. Number of Xcr1+ DCs migrated using the migration assay described in Methods.
E. Distribution plots showing cumulative expression levels of CCL5 in various immune subtypes other than CD8+ T cells, based on scRNA-seq of
HNSCC patients prior to pembrolizumab. Left panel responders, right panel non-responders.
F, G. Comparison of CCL5 expression in bulk RNA-seq data from pre and post treatment samples in responders (F) and non-responders (G), shown
as z-score. n=6.
H. Violin plot showing CCL5 expression level in human dendritic cells between responders pre- and post-treatment based on scRNA-seq data
Supplementary Table S8 from Molecular and Pathologic Characterization of YAP1-Expressing Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Leads to Reclassification as SMARCA4-Deficient Malignancies
Authors: Ng Jin , Cai Ling , Girard Luc , Prall Owen W.J. , Rajan Neeha , Khoo Christine , Batrouney Ahida , Byrne David J. , Boyd Danielle K. , Kersbergen Ariena J. , Christie Michael , Minna John D. , Burr Marian L. , Sutherland Kate D.
Published: May 2024

Other mutations and copy number alterations associated with SCLC-Y.
Supplementary Table S3 from Molecular and Pathologic Characterization of YAP1-Expressing Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Leads to Reclassification as SMARCA4-Deficient Malignancies
Authors: Ng Jin , Cai Ling , Girard Luc , Prall Owen W.J. , Rajan Neeha , Khoo Christine , Batrouney Ahida , Byrne David J. , Boyd Danielle K. , Kersbergen Ariena J. , Christie Michael , Minna John D. , Burr Marian L. , Sutherland Kate D.
Published: May 2024

Clinical profiles and immunohistochemistry of SMARCA4-UT patients.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Selective CDK7 Inhibition Suppresses Cell Cycle Progression and MYC Signaling While Enhancing Apoptosis in Therapy-resistant Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Guarducci Cristina , Nardone Agostina , Russo Douglas , Nagy Zsuzsanna , Heraud Capucine , Grinshpun Albert , Zhang Qi , Freelander Allegra , Leventhal Mathew Joseph , Feit Avery , Cohen Feit Gabriella , Feiglin Ariel , Liu Weihan , Hermida-Prado Francisco , Kesten Nikolas , Ma Wen , De Angelis Carmine , Morlando Antonio , O'Donnell Madison , Naumenko Sergey , Huang Shixia , Nguyen Quang-Dé , Huang Ying , Malorni Luca , Bergholz Johann S. , Zhao Jean J. , Fraenkel Ernest , Lim Elgene , Schiff Rachel , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Jeselsohn Rinath
Published: May 2024

Effect of samuraciclib on PalboS and PalboR T47D cells.
Supplemental Table 7 from Broad Next-Generation Integrated Sequencing of Myelofibrosis Identifies Disease-Specific and Age-Related Genomic Alterations
Authors: Kandarpa Malathi , Robinson Dan , Wu Yi-Mi , Qin Tingting , Pettit Kristen , Li Qing , Luker Gary , Sartor Maureen , Chinnaiyan Arul , Talpaz Moshe
Published: May 2024

Supplemental Table 7. Ras family genes
Supplementary Video S2 from Mesothelin CAR T Cells Secreting Anti-FAP/Anti-CD3 Molecules Efficiently Target Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and its Stroma
Authors: Wehrli Marc , Guinn Samantha , Birocchi Filippo , Kuo Adam , Sun Yi , Larson Rebecca C. , Almazan Antonio J. , Scarfò Irene , Bouffard Amanda A. , Bailey Stefanie R. , Anekal Praju Vikas , Montero Llopis Paula , Nieman Linda T. , Song Yuhui , Xu Katherine H. , Berger Trisha R. , Kann Michael C. , Leick Mark B. , Silva Harrison , Salas-Benito Diego , Kienka Tamina , Grauwet Korneel , Armstrong Todd D. , Zhang Rui , Zhu Qingfeng , Fu Juan , Schmidts Andrea , Korell Felix , Jan Max , Choi Bryan D. , Liss Andrew S. , Boland Genevieve M. , Ting David T. , Burkhart Richard A. , Jenkins Russell W. , Zheng Lei , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zimmerman Jacquelyn W. , Maus Marcela V.
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Video S2. Meso^FAP CAR T cells on AsPC1
Supplementary Figure S3 from FDG PET/CT Imaging 1 Week after a Single Dose of Pembrolizumab Predicts Treatment Response in Patients with Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Anderson Thomas M. , Chang Bryan H. , Huang Alexander C. , Xu Xiaowei , Yoon Daniel , Shang Catherine G. , Mick Rosemarie , Schubert Erin , McGettigan Suzanne , Kreider Kristin , Xu Wei , Wherry E. John , Schuchter Lynn M. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Mitchell Tara C. , Farwell Michael D.
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Figure S3. CD8 T cells from patient 5 display an exhausted phenotype.