bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Commerce Apps – Solutions for Farm-Household in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Research on Suppliers of Lychee Products According to Global Gap Standards
Authors:   Quy Nhon University, Viet Nam, Hoang Thi Hoai Huong
Published: December 2021

In the context of the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in countries around the world, it is extremely hard for farmers to consume agricultural products, thereby affecting their production results. This study was designed to analyze the factors affecting the production and business results of lychee farmers in Vietnam in the context of the influence of the Covid 19 pandemic. Data for the study was collected from a survey of about 400 lychee production households according to Global Gap standards in Vietnam. Research findings have shown that the revenue from the supply of lychee products of farmers in Vietnam has decreased after the effects of Covid 19. Along with that, factors also have different degrees of influence on the business results of lychee-producing households. Especially in the context of the Covid 19 pandemic, e-commerce has become an effective consumption channel, supporting the consumption of products of lychee producers in Vietnam. In the light of those findings, the author provided recommendations for lychee product suppliers in Vietnam on how to solve their problems.
Development of the Approximating Functions Method for Problems in a Planar Waveguide with Constant Polarization
Authors:   Ph.D., Kharkov, Ukraine, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-7810, Zolotariov Denis
Published: December 2021

Article introduces an extension of the approximating functions method, a particular case of the finite element method (FEM) with interpolating functions in the form of Lagrange polynomials of a special form, to solve electrodynamics problems in a planar waveguide with constant polarization in the spatial-temporal domain using the Volterra integral equation method. The main goal of the article is to expand the area of ​​applicability of this method to three-dimensional problems in a planar waveguide with constant polarization, as well as to obtain general interpolation expressions in analytical form, which will be used to construct a system of nonlinear equations for solving specific problems.
A Comparative Analysis of Sorry for and Sorry about in Two Corpora
Authors:   Far East University South Korea, Kang Namkil
Published: December 2021

The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of Sorry for and Sorry about in the COCA and BNC. When it comes to the COCA, it is interesting to point out that the types Sorry for and Sorry about show the same pattern in the TV/movie and fiction genres and the academic genre, whereas they show a different pattern in the blog, web, magazine, newspaper genres and the spoken genre. With respect to the BNC, it is significant to note that Sorry for and Sorry about show the same pattern in the fiction genre and the spoken genre, whereas they show a different pattern in the newspaper and magazine genres and the misc, non-academic and academic genres. It can thus be inferred that these two types are synonymously used, but they are slightly different from each other in their use. A major point to note that in the COCA, Sorry for is the furthest type from Sorry about in the TV/movie genre, whereas Sorry for is the nearest type to Sorry about in the academic genre. A further point to note is that in the BNC, Sorry for is the furthest type from Sorry about in the spoken genre, whereas Sorry for is the nearest type to Sorry about in the academic genre. The COCA clearly shows that Sorry for people is the most preferable one for Americans, followed by Sorry for Mr., Sorry for me, and Sorry for Mrs., in that order. The COCA shows, on the other hand, that Sorry about dinner is the most preferable one for Americans, followed by Sorry about lunch, Sorry about Mr., Sorry about agent, and Sorry about that, in descending order. The COCA clearly indicates that the expression Sorry for being is the most preferable one among Americans, followed by Sorry for interrupting, Sorry for having, Sorry for getting, and Sorry for making, in descending order. The COCA also shows that the expression Sorry about being is the most preferable one for Americans, followed by Sorry about getting, Sorry about calling, and Sorry about leaving (Sorry about having), in that order. It is worth noting that only two nouns (Mr. and things) can be the collocations of both Sorry about and Sorry for. It is also worth pointing out that eleven of thirteen seven gerunds are linked to both Sorry about and Sorry for. This in turn suggests that Sorry about and Sorry for are interchangeably used, but they are somewhat different from each other in their use.
Les amitiés des galères reconsidérées : René Barraud de La Cantinière et « les amis » de Rotterdam
Authors: Whelan Ruth
Published: December 2021

La lettre, datée du 25 mai 1693, que le forçat protestant poitevin, René Barraud, sieur de La Cantinière, envoya de la galère la Perle, amarrée à Marseille, au pasteur Jean de La Place, sieur de La Sauvagerie, réfugié à Rotterdam, est souvent citée par les historiens, mais toujours d’après la transcription de Jules Bonnet, publiée dans le BSHPF en 1866. Il s’agit d’une transcription tronquée qui fausse le sens de la lettre autographe, conservée dans la Collection Antoine Court de la Bibliothèque de Genève. En restaurant des passages supprimés, cette édition critique intégrale avec commentaire replace cette lettre dans son contexte d’origine, ce qui permet de souligner sa dimension collective, et d’exposer des aspects de l’expérience des protestants aux galères occultés par la transcription de Bonnet.
METAPHYLAXIS OF APPLICATION OF VETERINARY PREPARATIONS «MULTIOMYCIN 1%» AND «YUBERIN ORAL»
Authors: Romanova E. V.
Published: December 2021

We studied the effect of the antimicrobial drug «Multiomycin 1 %» on the hematological and biochemical pa-rameters of blood, the activity of digestive enzymes (amylase, alkaline phosphatase, protease), the structure of the mi-crobiocenosis of the small and large intestines, and the quality of the products. Based on the results of preclinical stud-ies, a production test was carried out in conjunction with the veterinary drug «Yuberin oral», as well as an assessment of the impact on the productivity of poultry was given. «Multiomycin 1 %» did not adversely affect the chickens. The drug had a positive effect on the activity of the digestive processes, increased their activity. Contributed to a decrease in the total microbial contamination in the contents of the small and large intestines and an increase in the content of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Combined use with yuberin contributed to an increase in safety, an increase in the aver-age daily gain, as well as a decrease in the incidence of gastroenteritis. The weight gain at the end of the experiment in the chickens of the experimental group was 3,74 % higher than in the control. The use of the veterinary drug «Multiomycin 1 %» did not have a negative effect on the quality of the products.
INFLUENCE OF «SANTOMECTIN» PREPARATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD IN CATTLE
Authors: Smaglei T. N.
Published: December 2021

Conducted research to identify the changes of morphological and biochemical blood indicators in cattle with strongylatosis invasion in applying the drug «Santomectin». In accordance with the data obtained, it follows that after the administration of the drug, the level of leukocytes, hemoglobin, total protein and other indicators is restored. The cost-effectiveness is 8,6 rubles per ruble of costs with the use of the drug «Santomectin», and the drug «Ivermek» – 6,8 rubles.
Towards the development of performance appraisal system for vcc senior and junior staff
Authors: Agyenim-Boateng Emmanuel Oheneba
Published: December 2021

The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the current VCC performance appraisal for the Junior and Senior Staff and to make recommendations for improvement or development of a new system for consideration by management. The study revealed that an effective performance appraisal system must, among other things, aim at: • Performance Improvement • Compensation Adjustments • Placement Decisions • Training and Development of Staff • Identification of Deficiencies in Staffing Process. Preparations to meet external Challenges It also revealed that management and staff use the feedback from the appraisal exercise in making important management and personal decisions including career planning Q/~d Human Resource Planning. The study further revealed that the VCC Junior and Senior Staff appraisal system document suffers from a number of problems and that there is the need to design a--l1e;V appraisal system for the assessment of VCC Junior and Senior Staff work performance. From the findings of the study, it is proposed for consideration by management, Peter Druker Management by Objectives (MBO) technique. Though this technique does not represent the ideal form of performance appraisal technique (Luthan I977), it is one of the techniques that come closest to the ideal. It represents a significant point of departure ji-om the rating scale and offers a great deal of potential for the future.
Towards effective implementation of the unnersal basic education: A case study of administrators' perception in delta state of Nigeria
Authors: Akinseinde Samuel I.
Published: December 2021

This study was designed to examine strategies needed for effective implementation of the Universal Basic Education in Nigeria. The population for the study was made up of all administrators of primary and secondary school systems in Delta State of Nigeria. The questionnaire was used for data collection,. and data analyses were converted into percentages. The findings revealed that the Government and administrators have important contributions towards effective implementation of the UBE. Fourteen strategies were identified for adoption by the Government while nine were identified for the administrators. Recommendations were based on the findings.
Issues in combining continuous assessment scores with external examination scores for certification at the basic and secondary school levels
Authors: Amedahe F. K.
Published: December 2021

Combining continuous assessment scores with external examination scores for the certification and selection of junior and senior secondary school graduates has gained currency in some countries, including Ghana and Nigeria. While the rationale behind combining continuous assessment scores with external examination scores appears to be sound, there are some fundamental issues which must be understood and addressed by policy makers and practitioners in order to make informed decisions concerning the practice. This paper addresses some relevant issues relating to the policy and practice of combining the two sets of scores for certification. The issues include differences in the quality of teacher assessments and external examinations, methods of moderating teacher assessment scores before combining them with external examination scores and challenges of moderating teacher assessment scores. Some suggestions are made concerning how some of the issues may be resolved.
Problems associated with the management of performance appraisals in universities: The case of Ghanaian Public Sector Universities
Authors: Agyenim-Boateng E. O.
Published: December 2021

The use of performance appraisal, a presence of the private sector organisations, has now become wide spread and has grown to include previously untouched organisations and occupational hierarchies such as secretarial and administrative staff in both the public and private sectors. However, verv little has been reported in the literature concerning the perceptions and experiences of the universities in developing countries relating to performance appraisals. This study therefore sought to explore performance appraisal systems in the Ghanaian public sector universities to consider the perceptions and experiences of the administrative staff about the problems associated with the performance appraisal systems of the universities. The study adopted an exploratory, descriptive and evaluative triangulation case study approach and generated data through semistructured interviews and self-completing questionnaires from 401 university employees in Ghana from four of the six public sector universities. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis in the form of frequencies, percentages, means, graphs and content analysis were used to analyse the data. The results indicate that generally the perceptions of the administrative staff conceming the effectiveness of the present performance appraisal systems of the universities were skewed towards dissatisfaction because they lacked essential characteristics of an effective performance appraisal system. These include lack of c1early formulated and defined policies and objectives, performance measures, effective staff participation and training and development that could make them effective. The study concludes that there is a need for the universities to recognise their employees as valued resources and treat them as a source of competitive advantage which have to be strategically managed to achieve improved employee performance and development as well as the effectiveness of the universities.
Impact of labour turnover on organizational effectiveness in selected industries in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Akintayo D. I.
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the impact of labour turnover on organizational effectiveness in selected industries in Lagos State, Nigeria. This was with the view to determining the appropriate management strategies through which the problem of labour turnover could be reduced to the nearest minimum in work organizations in Nigeria. The survey research method was adopted for the study. A total of 640 respondents were selected for the study using proportionate stratified sampling technique. The major instruments used for the study were questionnaire and interview schedule. The reliability coefficient of 0.84 was obtained for the research instrument. The four hypotheses generated for the study were tested using chi-square and linear regression analysis statistical methods at 0.05 alpha levels. The findings of the study reveals that there was a significant relationship between labour turnover and organizational effectiveness. Also, a significant relationship was found dissatisfaction and labour turnover. There was a main effect of interaction of occupational variables and labour turnover on organizational effectiveness. Finally, a positive significant relationship was found among career mobility, labour turnover and organizational effectiveness. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that the working environment of the workers need to be improved upon in order to reduce the alarming rate of labour turnover that impact organizational effectiveness. Also, career development and promotion opportunities have become a rare phenomenon in most of the organisations, individuals who feel their contributions go unrewarded often feel undervalued which can lead to dissatisfaction and virtually an increase of unwarranted turnover. p>
Competences and competencies for primary school leadership practice: how far do they travel?
Authors: Oduro George , Dawson-Brew Emma
Published: December 2021

The quest for quality in education has necessitated the need for innovative leadership in Ghanaian schools. In pursuit of this, teacher educational institutions have through the traditional and distance education systems revised their programmes to ensure that appropriate leadership qualities are developed in teachers to enable them provide the needed classroom and school level leadership for facilitating teaching and leaming in schools. Achieving this feat requires relevantleadership competences. in this paper; we explore some indicators of leadership competences within the Ghanaian cultural context. Drawing on literature from Western authors, and an intetpretive study involving thirty Ghanaian primary headteachers, we contrast competences from competencies and conclude with a discussion on the interplay of the two notions in shaping the professional performance of primary school headteachers in the country.
De la mera voluntad a la garantía del Derecho: las mujeres en los parlamentos autonómicos
Authors: Sevilla Merino Julia
Published: December 2021

La reciente celebración de los 40 años del Parlamento Vasco el pasado año es una ocasión excelente para reflexionar sobre cómo ha evolucionado la imagen de las cámaras parlamentarias, qué ha ocurrido durante esos años para que, entre otras cosas, se haya pasado de una presencia casi testimonial de diputadas a que más del 50 % de los escaños estén ocupados por mujeres. Ha sido un fenómeno expansivo: Cortes Generales, cámaras autonómicas, parlamentos de los países de nuestro entorno, aunque con repercusiones diferentes, y organismos representativos de la ciudadanía o de los Estados. Para ello veremos cómo han influido algunos factores ajenos a la vida parlamentaria: organismos internacionales que actúan en defensa de los derechos, reformas constitucionales en los países de nuestro entorno geográfico, científicas y asociaciones de mujeres en la academia y fuera de ella como el movimiento feminista. La respuesta, como corresponde a la institución legislativa en un Estado de derecho, ha sido la aprobación de leyes que garanticen la igualdad en la titularidad de un derecho, aunque haya sido necesario el recurso a la justicia. El resultado es que la imagen de nuestros parlamentos se parece cada vez más a la sociedad a la que representan.
Development of Ni/Lahexaaluminates from aluminum saline slags applied as catalysts in the dry reforming of methane
Authors:   , Torrez Herrera Jonathan Josué
Published: December 2021

The general objective of this work is to study the synthesis methods, structural and morphological behavior of hexaaluminates and their performance as catalysts in the dry reforming reaction of methane from aluminum salt slags. Specific objectives: 1. Valorize the saline slag of aluminum and mitigate its polluting effect. 2. Obtaining an optimal method for the synthesis of hexaaluminates from salt slags. 3. Evaluation of the performance and applicability of catalysts in the dry reforming reaction. 4. Determination of the optimal operating parameters of the catalysts. 5. Determination of efficiency and comparison with catalysts synthesized with commercial precursors.
representação social dos estudantes de direito e dos profissionais da área jurídica na perspectiva do ensino jurídico no Brasil
Authors: Santos Cinthya , Miranda de Jesus Ribeiro Ana Valéria , César Machado Humberto , Assunpcao Marmori Crucciolli Renata
Published: December 2021

O presente tema buscou estudar a respeito da Representação Social dos Estudantes de Direito e profissionais que atuam na área jurídica, em uma análise do ensino jurídico no Brasil. A problemática levantada baseou-se na evolução e no sistema representacional dos entrevistados, diante da realidade dos cursos de bacharelado, na atualidade. Fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio da qual se apresentou a evolução do ensino do Direito no mundo, principalmente na Europa e no Brasil. Em um segundo momento, analisou-se a teoria da psicologia social, acima especificada, mediante seu conceito e sua abordagem histórica. Por fim, pautou-se na discussão dos resultados, coletados na pesquisa de campo, em que houve a participação de 108 sujeitos, divididos entre acadêmicos, professores e juristas. As respostas foram tratadas no software Iramuteq, chegando-se ao possível núcleo central que se refere ao formalismo, à lei, à justiça e a ser bacharel. Em uma análise minuciosa, chegou-se à conclusão de que as pessoas que participaram do estudo representam o ensino jurídico no Brasil como um curso formal, em que são ensinadas somente as leis e a doutrina. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, para aqueles que buscam a justiça, é preciso cursá-lo para tornar-se um bacharel. Por meio do exercício da profissão é que se acionará o Judiciário, em busca do que é justo.
Gestão da educação no estado da Bahia: o que revelam os documentos normativos do sistema estadual de educação (1990-2015)
Authors: Araújo Maciela Mikaelly Carneiro de , Santos Solange Mary Moreira , Castro Selma Barros Daltro de
Published: December 2021

A gestão, em sua forma mais ampla, envolve um contexto dialético marcado pelos fins burocráticos e por sua natureza político-pedagógica. É possível reconhecer na gestão diferentes concepções de administração, que se relacionam com aspectos como poder e participação dos sujeitos. Neste sentido, o trabalho objetiva analisar as concepções de gestão presentes nos documentos oficiais do Sistema Estadual de Educação do Estado da Bahia. A metodologia foi a pesquisa documental, de abordagem qualitativa, a partir dos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos de Cellard (2008); Chizzotti (1998); e Gomes (2015). Os documentos normativos analisados foram as leis que regulamentam o Conselho Estadual de Educação, o Colegiado Escolar, o Estatuto de Magistério Público da Bahia e o Plano Estadual de Educação, correspondentes ao período de 1990 a 2015. E a análise se fundamentou em teóricos como Sander (1995; 2007) e Azevedo (2011; 2018), articulando as discussões a respeito das concepções de gestão educacional e sua relação com as políticas educacionais. Os resultados alcançados apontam para os limites da efetivação de uma gestão participativa e situa a necessidade da constante luta e articulação da comunidade escolar e dos profissionais de educação por uma educação democrática, bem como assinala a importância da definição teórica nas produções científicas e acadêmicas para disseminação do saber sistematizado sobre este tema.
Dinâmica do uso e ocupação do solo na pequena cidade de Terra Boa (PR), Brasil
Authors: Gusmão Paulo Sergio , Bovo Marcos Clair
Published: December 2021

O uso e ocupação do solo urbano está ligado ao processo de produção capitalista e o modo de ocupação de determinado lugar da cidade. Esses lugares concentram atividades industriais, comerciais e residenciais além de instituições públicas. Assim, o uso e ocupação do solo deve ser definido de acordo com as atividades e equipamentos distribuídos no espaço urbano, sendo que as funções podem variar no tempo e no espaço. Diante disso, a artigo objetiva analisar a dinâmica do uso e ocupação do solo na área central da pequena cidade de Terra Boa (PR). O aporte metodológico foi constituído de   pesquisa bibliográfica, documentos oficiais do município e pesquisa in loco e elaboração de produtos cartográficos a partir do Corel Draw. Os resultados possibilitaram identificar os diferentes usos e ocupação da área central da cidade de Terra Boa, sendo estes ligados aos setores comerciais, alimentícios, serviços e de áreas residenciais.
Taste preference of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus â™€ Ã— Epinephelus lanceolatus â™‚) for nucleoside and nucleotides
Authors: Lim Leong Seng , Firdaus Rian Freddie , Shapawi Rossita , Kawamura Gunzo
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to determine the taste preference of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Ã— Epinephelus lanceolatus) for nucleoside (inosine - INO) and nucleotides (inosine-5â€™-monophosphate â€“ IMP and guanosine-5â€™-monophosphate - GMP), which are commonly used as feeding stimulants in fish diets. Behavioural assay was conducted by feeding the fish with the agar gel pellets that contained the taste substances and observing their feeding response through video recording. Preference Index (PrfInd; minimum = 0, maximum = 1) was calculated to evaluate the fish preference for the taste substances tested. Data so collected suggested that INO, IMP, and GMP were generally preferable by the hybrid grouper. However, INO was the most potential FS for both S and L sizes (19.7 Â± 1.4 g and 162.3 Â± 50.5 g in BW, mean Â± S.D.) hybrid grouper based on its functional dosage. In the S size fish, INO attained high PrfInd at both 0.1% and 1% (0.84 and 1) concentration levels, while IMP and GMP attained high PrfInd at 1% (both 1) but low PrfInd (0.6 and 0.13, respectively) at 0.1%. In the L size fish, INO also attained very high PrfInd at 0.01% (0.87) but IMP and GMP were not (0.13 and 0). In addition, improvement in the taste acceptance to INO of the hybrid grouper was evident in this study. The S size fish rejected INO at 0.01% (PrfInd = 0) but the L size fish accepted it very well (0.87). These results suggested that the supplementation level of INO in the practical diets for the hybrid grouper can be decreased with the fish growth during the grow-out period.
Utilization of fluorescence images in chlorophyll in Cirebon waters, Indonesia
Authors: Dika Praba P Cahya Brian , Nurdjaman Susanna , Haidar Al-Ghifari Khalid , Nur Syarifudin
Published: December 2021

Satellite is one of the tools used to detect chlorophyll concentration. MODIS chlorophyll concentrations appears to be disturbed by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The fluorescence approach can represent the chlorophyll concentration near the coast more accurately. The data for this study was obtained from satellite Aqua MODIS Level 2 which consisted of MODIS chlorophyll, MODIS fluorescence data, and Observation data. The data was taken on 6 September 2020 in Cirebon Waters. Results of the chlorophyll concentration field data ranged from 0.64 mg m-³ - 4.26 mg m-³. Estimation of chlorophyll concentrations using the standard chlorophyll method ranged from 2.55 mg m-³ - 7.20 mg m-³ and the chlorophyll concentrations using the fluorescence method were 2.58 mg m-³ - 3.5 mg m-³. Comparison of field data with satellite images is better with the florescence method than the standard MODIS chlorophyll technique, with an error of 47.8% for fluorescence and 235.5% for the standard MODIS chlorophyll.
Effect of Geometrical Parameters On Sensitivity And Volume Of Dual Octal Ring
Authors:   D.K.T.E.Society’s Textile  And Engineering  Institute, Ichalkaranji, India., Kamble Varsha Anil
Published: December 2021

Force transducer is one of the load cell which is used to measure force or weight, pressure etc. various types of transducers are manufacturing for various applications. But most of strain gauge type of transducer is used. In current research, optimization of octagonal type of force transducer design is carried out by maximizing sensitivity and minimizing the volume. Force transducer is analyze with the help of finite element method and find the critical parameters, its effect also as sensitivity and volume. Response surface methodology is used for experimental set up. For performance of all parameters analysis of variance is carried out and multi-objective optimization is also performed.
Evaluation of probiotic bacteria Leucosnostoc mensenteroides against White Gut Disease in shrimp aquaculture
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore., Sathyapriya A.
Published: December 2021

With increasing demand for environment friendly aquaculture, use of beneficial bacteria to displace pathogens by competitive processes is being used in the animal industry as a better remedy and is now gaining acceptance for pathogen control in aquaculture. With this concern, the present study was designed for isolation of suitable probiotic bacteria from natural sources, application in an effective dose in the rearing environment is expected to control the blowout of White Gut Disease in aquaculture systems. The interaction of pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum and the inner surface of the digestive tract of P. monodon, with a specific focus on their in-situ morphology, aggregation and attachment characteristics presented with pathogenic bacterial species and under the control of probiotic bacteria were analyzed through. The percentage of granular cells of treated group was higher than the control. Histological studies revealed that the treated group has optimistic effect which helps in the reduction of tissue damage and decrease the mortality rate than the infected shrimps. Leuconostoc sp., can survive in the saline condition rather than other Lactobacillus sp., and its tolerance of acidic environment of the shrimp intestine and their adherence level at the intestine will progressively replace the V. anguillarum from the infected shrimps and commendably control the White Gut Disease.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI YANG MENJADI JUSTICE COLLABORATOR
Authors: Yulianus Marampa Rombeallo  , Asher Tumbo
Published: December 2021

Justice Collaborator is an actor who is willing to be a witness to open a clarity of an organized criminal act. Normative juridical sourced primary and secondary and tertiary materials, as well as the type of empirical juridical research which was analyzed qualitatively by describing descriptively the results of the existing data. To cooperate with law enforcement in finding evidence from other significant suspects so that investigations and examinations can run smoothly. Therefore, legal protection for justice collaborators is very important because it is feared that there will be potential threats from other actors, also so that all regulations related to justice collaborators do not overlap with each other and can unite perceptions among law enforcers related to corruption crimes organized.
The relative effectiveness of a homoeopathic complex (Calcarea carbonica 15CH, Calcarea phosphorica 15CH, Chamomilla 30CH, Kreosotum 30Ch and Pulsatilla 30CH) compared with a herbal teething gel (Plantago tincture, Verbascum tincture and Kava Kava tincture) in terms of clinical manifestations of problematic teething in infants
Authors:   , Eldridge Julia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of a Homoeopathic complex (Calcarea carbonica 15CH, Calcarea phosphorica 15CH, Chamomilla 30CH, Kreosotum 30CH and Pulsatilla 30CH) compared to a herbal teething gel (plantago tincture, Verbascum tincture and Kava Kava tincture) in terms of the clinical manifestations of problematic teething in infants.
Key Concepts in AI Safety: Specification in Machine Learning
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Rduner Tim G. J. , Toner Helen
Published: December 2021

This paper is the fourth installment in a series on “AI safety,” an area of machine learning research that aims to identify causes of unintended behavior in machine learning systems and develop tools to ensure these systems work safely and reliably. The first paper in the series, “Key Concepts in AI Safety: An Overview,” outlined three categories of AI safety issues—problems of robustness, assurance, and specification—and the subsequent two papers described problems of robustness and assurance, respectively. This paper introduces specification as a key element in designing modern machine learning systems that operate as intended.
etermination of Geothermal Reservoir Zone of Sorik Marapi, Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra
Authors:   Geological Engineering, Faculty of Geological Engineering, Padjajaran University, Hidayatullah Muhammad Shofi , Haryanto Agus Didit , Hutabarat Johanes , Hidayat Ryan ,   orik Marapi Geothermal Power, KS-ORKA Renewables Pte Ltd., North Sumatra
Published: December 2021

The Sorik Marapi Geothermal Power (SMGP) Field is located in Mandailing Natal (350 km to the southeast from Medan), North Sumatra. This study needed alteration mineral data validation with fluid geochemical characteristics from surface manifestations, and production wells were determined the geothermal reservoir zone. Therefore geothermometer and geoindicator calculations were used. Laboratory tests were carried out on 38 surface manifestations and 11 cutting samples of exploration well. Manifestations in this area include hot springs, fumaroles, and steaming ground. Alteration minerals found in the study area are anhydrite, epidote, calcite,chlorite, muscovite, pyrophyllite, and zeolite. The alteration zone is located in the zeolite zone, the epidote zone,and the anhydrite-sericite zone. Geochemical manifestations of surface and production wells containing chloride water, sulfate water, sulfate-chloride water, and bicarbonate water. The estimated reservoir temperature of SH-01 well shows temperatures ranging from 240–280˚C, SH-02 well shows temperatures of 249.89–302.92˚C, SH-03 well show temperatures of 231.09–280˚C. The mineral geothermometer calculation, which is correlated with the geochemical fluid geothermometer, shows valid results. This is evident from the estimated reservoir temperatures of the two geothermometers.
Pelatihan Character Building untuk Meningkatkan Psychological Well-Being pada Anak Panti Asuhan Puteri Aisyiyah Medan
Authors: Elvinawanty Rianda , Emi Emi , Amanda Kelsi , Septianti Erina , Natasya Adela
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dilakukannya studi ini ialah untuk memahami pengaruh pelatihan character building untuk meningkatkan psychological well-being pada anak Panti Asuhan Puteri Aisyiyah Medan. Hipotesis pada studi ini ialah bahwa pelatihan character building efektif untuk meningkatkan psychological well-being pada anak Panti Asuhan Puteri Aisyiyah Medan. Riset ini adalah riset percobaan pada desain one group pretest-posttest design. Data yang didapatkan diuji normalitasnya memakai uji Shapiro-Wilk. Teknik analisis yang dipakai pada studi ini ialah kuantitatif serta kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif menggunakan pengukuran non-parametrik yaitu teknik analisis statistik Wilcoxon dengan program bantuan Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) versi 23. Sedangkan analisa kualitatif bersumber pada data hasil studi dan interviu. Hasil uji statistik yang selesai dibuat memakai uji Wilcoxon terdapat nilai p value sejumlah 0.000 (p < 0.05) sehingga hipotesa diterima. Oleh karena itu, menurut hasil analisis tersebut bisa ditarik kesimpulan bahwasannya pelatihan character building berpengaruh untuk meningkatkan psychological well-being pada anak Panti Asuhan Puteri Aisyiyah Medan.
GESTÃO DA CADEIA DE SUPRIMENTOS INTEGRADA À TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO – ABORDAGEM QUALITATIVA EM UM GRUPO EMPRESARIAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pontes Cantal Rafael , Ramos Gomes Rickardo Léo
Published: December 2021

A moderna gestão da cadeia de suprimentos teve grande impulso com o advento da tecnologia da informação e com o desenvolvimento dos sistemas de informação, tornando-se mais bem planejada e integrada, possibilitando um melhor controle e gestão dos processos. Nesta pesquisa demonstra-se o quanto esta integração é importante para evolução da Supply Chain Management (SCM). O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi demonstrar a importância da tecnologia da informação e sistema da informação na SCM, apresentando o modelo que foi implantado para a melhoria da integração entre as empresas. Os objetivos específicos ficaram assim sequenciados: descrever a cadeia de suprimentos; demonstrar a importância da tecnologia da informação e sistemas de informação; abordar a tecnologia da informação e sistemas de informação na cadeia de suprimentos; relatar os impactos da automatização da cadeia de suprimentos e discorrer sobre a aplicação da tecnologia da informação na cadeia de suprimentos de um grupo empresarial brasileiro. O presente trabalho seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa com caráter exploratório e descritivo e a metodologia empregada foi a da pesquisa bibliográfica, que utilizou a análise de referências teóricas publicadas em livros, artigos científicos e documentos. Ao final desse trabalho foi possível avaliar que a Tecnologia da Informação vem atuando como forte aliada na evolução da SCM na busca da redução de custos e no enfrentamento da competitividade.
Biomass burning pollution in the South Atlantic upper troposphere: GLORIA trace gas observations and evaluation of the CAMS model
Authors: Johansson Sören , Wetzel Gerald , Friedl-Vallon Felix , Glatthor Norbert , Höpfner Michael , Kleinert Anne , Neubert Tom , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Ungermann Jörn
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In this study, we present simultaneous airborne measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), ethane (C2H6), formic acid (HCOOH), methanol (CH3OH), and ethylene (C2H4) above the South Atlantic in September and October 2019. Observations were obtained from the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA), as two-dimensional altitude cross-sections along the flight path. The flights were part of the SouthTRAC (Transport and Composition in the Southern Hemisphere Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere) campaign with the German High Altitude and Long range research Aircraft (HALO). On two flights (8 September 2019 and 7 October 2019), large enhancements of all these substances were found between 7 and 14 km altitude with maximum volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of 1000 pptv of PAN, 1400 pptv for C2H6, 800 pptv for HCOOH, 4500 pptv for CH3OH, and 200 pptv for C2H4. One flight shows a common filamentary structure in the trace gas distributions, while the second flight is characterized by one large plume. Using backward trajectories, we show that measured pollutants are likely originating from South America and central Africa, where elevated PAN VMRs are visible at the surface layer of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) model during the weeks before both measurements. In comparison to simulation results of the CAMS reanalysis interpolated onto the GLORIA measurement geolocations, we show that the model is able to reproduce the overall structure of the measured pollution trace gas distributions. For PAN, the absolute VMRs are in agreement with the GLORIA measurements, too. However, C2H6 and HCOOH are generally underestimated by the model, while CH3OH and C2H4, the species with the shortest atmospheric lifetimes of the discussed pollution trace gases, are overestimated by CAMS. The good agreement between model and observations for PAN suggests that the general transport pathways and emissions locations are well captured by the model. The poorer agreement for other species is therefore most likely linked to model deficiencies in the representation of loss processes and emission strength.
High Bandwidth Measurements of Auroral Langmuir Waves with Multiple Antennas
Authors: Moser Chrystal , LaBelle James , Cairns Iver H.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The High-Bandwidth Auroral Rocket (HIBAR) was launched from Poker Flat, Alaska on January 28, 2003 at 07:50 UT towards an apogee of 382 km in the night-side aurora. The flight was unique in having three high-frequency (HF) receivers using multiple antennas parallel and perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, as well as very low frequency (VLF) receivers using antennas perpendicular to the magnetic field. These receivers observed five short-lived Langmuir wave bursts lasting from 0.1–0.2 s, consisting of a thin plasma line with frequencies in the range of 2470–2610 kHz that had an associated diffuse feature occurring 5–10 kHz above the plasma line. Both of these waves occurred slightly above the local plasma frequency with amplitudes between 1–100 μV/m. The ratio of the parallel to perpendicular components of the plasma line and diffuse feature were used to determine the angle of propagation of these waves with respect to the background magnetic field. These angles were found to be comparable to the theoretical Z-infinity angle that these waves would resonate at. The VLF receiver detected auroral hiss throughout the flight at 5–10 kHz, a frequency matching the difference between the plasma line and the diffuse feature. A dispersion solver, partially informed with measured electron distributions, and associated frequency- and wavevector-matching conditions were employed to determine if the diffuse features could be generated by a nonlinear wave-wave interaction of the plasma line with the lower frequency auroral hiss waves/lower-hybrid waves. The results show that this interpretation is plausible.
crestr An R package to perform probabilistic climate reconstructions using fossil proxies
Authors: Chevalier Manuel
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Statistical climate reconstruction techniques are practical tools to study past climate variability from fossil proxy data. In particular, the methods based on probability density functions (PDFs) are powerful at producing robust results from various environments and proxies. However, accessing and curating the necessary calibration data, as well as the complexity of interpreting probabilistic results, often limit their use in palaeoclimatological studies. To address these problems, I present a new R package (crestr) to apply the CREST method (Climate REconstruction SofTware) on diverse palaeoecological datasets. crestr includes a globally curated calibration dataset for six common climate proxies (i.e. plants, beetles, chironomids, rodents, foraminifera, and dinoflagellate cysts) that enables its use in most terrestrial and marine regions. The package can also be used with private data collections instead of, or in combination with, the provided dataset. It also includes a suite of graphical diagnostic tools to represent the data at each step of the reconstruction process and provide insights into the effect of the different modelling assumptions and external factors that underlie a reconstruction. With this R package, the CREST method can now be used in a scriptable environment, thus simplifying its use and integration in existing workflows. It is hoped that crestr will contribute to producing the much-needed quantified records from the many regions where climate reconstructions are currently lacking, despite the existence of suitable fossil records.
sandbox – Creating and Analysing Synthetic Sediment Sections with R
Authors: Dietze Michael , Kreutzer Sebastian , Fuchs Margret C. , Meszner Sascha
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The majority of palaeoenvironmental information is inferred from proxy data contained in accretionary sediments, called geo-archives. The validity of proxy data and analysis workflows are usually assumed implicitly, with systematic tests and uncertainty estimates restricted to modern analogue studies or reduced-complexity case studies. However, a more generic and consistent approach to exploring the validity and variability of proxy functions would be to translate a given geo-archive into a model scenario: a "virtual twin". Here, we introduce a conceptual framework and numerical toolset that allows the definition and analysis of synthetic sediment sections. The R package sandbox describes arbitrary stratigraphically consistent deposits by depth-dependent rules and grain-specific parameters, allowing full scalability and flexibility. Virtual samples can be taken, resulting in discrete grain-mixtures with well-defined parameters. These samples can then be virtually prepared and analysed, for example to test hypotheses. We illustrate the concept of sandbox, explain how a sediment section can be mapped into the model and, by focusing on an exemplary field of application, we explore universal geochronological research questions related to the effects of sample geometry and grain-size specific age inheritance. We summarise further application scenarios of the model framework, relevant for but not restricted to the broader geochronological community.
Earth System Model Aerosol-Cloud Diagnostics Package (ESMAC Diags) Version 1: Assessing E3SM Aerosol Predictions Using Aircraft, Ship, and Surface Measurements
Authors: Tang Shuaiqi , Fast Jerome D. , Zhang Kai , Hardin Joseph C. , Varble Adam C. , Shilling John E. , Mei Fan , Zawadowicz Maria A. , Ma Po-Lun
Published: December 2021

Abstract. An Earth System Model (ESM) aerosol-cloud diagnostics package is developed to facilitate the routine evaluation of aerosols, clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions simulated by the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The first version focuses on comparing simulated aerosol properties with aircraft, ship, and surface measurements, most of them are measured in-situ. The diagnostics currently covers six field campaigns in four geographical regions: Eastern North Atlantic (ENA), Central U.S. (CUS), Northeastern Pacific (NEP) and Southern Ocean (SO). These regions produce frequent liquid or mixed-phase clouds with extensive measurements available from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and other agencies. Various types of diagnostics and metrics are performed for aerosol number, size distribution, chemical composition, CCN concentration and various meteorological quantities to assess how well E3SM represents observed aerosol properties across spatial scales. Overall, E3SM qualitatively reproduces the observed aerosol number concentration, size distribution and chemical composition reasonably well, but underestimates Aitken mode and overestimates accumulation mode aerosols over the CUS region, and underestimates aerosol number concentration over the SO region. The current version of E3SM struggles to reproduce new particle formation events frequently observed over both the CUS and ENA regions, indicating missing processes in current parameterizations. The diagnostics package is coded and organized in a way that can be easily extended to other field campaign datasets and adapted to higher-resolution model simulations. Future releases will include comprehensive cloud and aerosol-cloud interaction diagnostics.
Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
Authors: Forstner Veronika , Groh Jannis , Vremec Matevz , Herndl Markus , Vereecken Harry , Gerke Horst H. , Birk Steffen , Pütz Thomas
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Effects of climate change on the ecosystem productivity and water fluxes
have been studied in various types of experiments. However, it is still
largely unknown whether and how the experimental approach itself affects the results of such studies. We employed two contrasting experimental approaches, using high-precision weighable monolithic lysimeters, over a period of 4 years to identify and compare the responses of water fluxes and
aboveground biomass to climate change in permanent grassland. The first,
manipulative, approach is based on controlled increases of atmospheric
CO2 concentration and surface temperature. The second, observational,
approach uses data from a space-for-time substitution along a gradient of
climatic conditions. The Budyko framework was used to identify if the soil
ecosystem is energy limited or water limited. Elevated temperature reduced the amount of non-rainfall water, particularly
during the growing season in both approaches. In energy-limited grassland
ecosystems, elevated temperature increased the actual evapotranspiration and decreased aboveground biomass. As a consequence, elevated temperature led to decreasing seepage rates in energy-limited systems. Under water-limited conditions in dry periods, elevated temperature aggravated water stress and, thus, resulted in reduced actual evapotranspiration. The already small seepage rates of the drier soils remained almost unaffected under these conditions compared to soils under wetter conditions. Elevated atmospheric CO2 reduced both actual evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass in the manipulative experiment and, therefore, led to a clear increase and change in seasonality of seepage. As expected, the aboveground biomass productivity and ecosystem efficiency indicators of the water-limited ecosystems were negatively correlated with an increase in aridity, while the trend was unclear for the energy-limited ecosystems. In both experimental approaches, the responses of soil water fluxes and
biomass production mainly depend on the ecosystems' status with respect to
energy or water limitation. To thoroughly understand the ecosystem response
to climate change and be able to identify tipping points, experiments need
to embrace sufficiently extreme boundary conditions and explore
responses to individual and multiple drivers, such as temperature, CO2
concentration, and precipitation, including non-rainfall water. In this
regard, manipulative and observational climate change experiments complement one another and, thus, should be combined in the investigation of climate change effects on grassland.