bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Metalated Cyclopropenone Ketals in a General Synthesis of Cyclopropenones. An Efficient Synthesis of the Antibiotic Penitricin.
Authors: ISAKA M. , MATSUZAWA S. , YAMAGO S. , EJIRI S. , MIYACHI Y. , NAKAMURA E.
Published: May 2016

Lithiation of the cyclopropenone acetal (I) gives the intermediate (III) which reacts with the alkyl iodides (IV) to produce the cyclopropenones (V) after deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious and Enantioselective Entry to the ABC Ring of the Quassinoid Skeleton.
Authors: SHING T. K. M. , TANG Y. , MALONE J. F.
Published: May 2016

Tiglic aldehyde (I) is olefinated with triethyl phosphonoacetate (II) to give the conjugated diene (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Some Mercuration Reactions of Substituted Pyrroles.
Authors: GANSKE J. A. , PANDEY R. K. , POSTICH M. J. , SNOW K. M. , SMITH K. M.
Published: May 2016

C‐Mercuration of the N‐substituted pyrroles (I) and (IX) yields the 3‐or 2‐mercuriopyrroles (III) and (X) which are coupled with the acrylate (IV) in a Heck type reaction to give the pyrrolylacrylates (V) and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Substituted Indoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of 2‐Bromonitrobenzenes and 2‐Bromoacetanilides.
Authors: KASAHARA A. , IZUMI T. , MURAKAMI S. , MIYAMOTO K. , HINO T.
Published: May 2016

The title procedure, giving access to several derivatives of type (IV) and (IX), is characterized by its wide applicability and complete regiocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: A “One‐Pot” Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Benzoylamino‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrocoumarins.
Authors: KOCEVAR M. , POLANC S. , TISLER M. , VERCEK B.
Published: May 2016

The 1,3‐cyclohexanediones (I) and hippuric acid (III) are heated in acetic anhydride in the presence of the ortho esters (II) or (V) or the DMF acetal (VI) to produce the coumarins (IV) mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of New Adenine‐ and 6‐Thioxopurinecarboxamidines.
Authors: RIED W. , WOITHE H.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis and NMR spectroscopic characterization of the title compounds (III), (V) and (VI) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Interconversion of (η3‐Allyl)(η4‐conjugated‐diene)(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)zirconium and ‐hafnium Stereoisomers. Evidence for the Simultaneous Rearrangement of Diene and Allyl Ligands.
Authors: SONTAG C. , BERKE H. , SARTER C. , ERKER G.
Published: May 2016

Photolysis of the complexes (III) produces their stereoisomers (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Mono‐ and Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes Containing Tripodal Ligand and Pyridine, Imidazole or Pyrazole.
Authors: OKA H. , NAKAO Y. , SUZUKI S. , MORI W. , KINOSHITA I. , OOI S. , ICHIMURA A.
Published: May 2016

The equimolar reaction of Cu(ClO4)2·6 H2O with the corresponding N4 tripod ligands and pyridine, pyrazole, or imidazole (L) results in the formation of the two complex types (I) and (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Square‐Planar Complexes of Platinum(II) That Luminesce in Fluid Solution.
Authors: ZULETA J. A. , CHESTA C. A. , EISENBERG R.
Published: May 2016

The two new Pt(II) complexes (III) exhibit strong solution luminescence, show solvatochromic behavior, and undergo electron‐transfer quenching with both donors and acceptors.
ChemInform Abstract: Tordanone, a Twice Bent Steroid Structure with Ring A/B β‐cis(5β)‐ and Ring B/C α‐cis(8α)‐Fused.
Authors: HAAG T. , HETRU C. , LUU B.
Published: May 2016

Hydrogenation of the steroid (I) in MeOH leads to the title compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Rigid Analogues of (D,L)‐Arginine Methyl Ester with Antiarrhythmic Activity.
Authors: BANFI A. , BENEDINI F. , CASANOVA G. , PEREGO R. , TOMA L.
Published: May 2016

Starting with p‐aminobenzoic acid (I), the cis‐ and trans‐benzoylaminocyclohexanecarboxylates (V) are prepared via hydrogenation, esterification, and N‐acylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Metal and Ligand Substitutions on Gas‐Phase Acidities of Transition‐Metal Hydrides.
Authors: MILLER A. E. S. , KAWAMURA A. R. , MILLER T. M.
Published: May 2016

Gas‐phase acidities are determined for HRe(CO)5, HMn(CO)3(PF3)2, HMn(CO)2(PF3)3, HCo(PF3)4, HIr(PF3)4 and HMn(CO)5.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐State Structure Variation in the Diels‐Alder Reaction from Secondary Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effects: The Reaction of Nearly Symmetrical Dienes and Dienophiles is Nearly Synchronous.
Authors: GAJEWSKI J. J. , PETERSON K. B. , KAGEL J. R. , HUANG Y. C. J.
Published: May 2016

The title reactions such as shown in the scheme are also carried out in competition with the isotopomers 4,4‐d2‐(I) and 1,1,4,4‐tetradeuterioisoprene.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,5‐Annelated 4‐Methylenecyclopentenes by Intramolecular Type I Zinc‐Ene Reactions Followed by Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Cyclization.
Authors: VAN DER LOUW J. , KOMEN C. M. D. , KNOL A. , DE KANTER F. J. J. , VAN DER BAAN J. L. , BICKELHAUPT F. , KLUMPP G. W.
Published: May 2016

The branched methoxyalkenynylmagnesium chlorides (VI), prepared via the key steps outlined in the reaction scheme, are transmetallated with zinc dibromide (VII) to generate the organozinc analogues (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Generation and Cycloadditions of 2‐(N‐Acylamino)‐1‐thia‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: BARNISH I. T. , FISHWICK C. W. G. , HILL D. R. , SZANTAY C. JUN.
Published: May 2016

The cinnamic thioamides (I) and (IV) are treated with acetyl chloride (II) to generate the N‐acetyl derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Barbituric Acids by Alcohols as a Synthetic Pathway to 6‐Alkoxyuracils.
Authors: RUDENKO E. S. , KRASNOV K. A. , SLESAREV V. I.
Published: May 2016

In the presence of BF3·Et2O, the alkylation of barbituric acid, thiobarbituric acid and their N‐methyl derivatives by the alkanols (II) affords the title compounds (III) (19 examples) in mostly fair to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactivity of Mixed Benzylic 1,1‐Dimetalloalkanes.
Authors: KNOCHEL P. , YEH M. C. P. , XIAO C.
Published: May 2016

The carbozincation of (I) with (II) allows a general assess to the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of the Zirconocene Complex of a Cyclopentyne and Its Use to Prepare Bicyclic Cyclopentenones.
Authors: BUCHWALD S. L. , LUM R. T. , FISHER R. A. , DAVIS W. M.
Published: May 2016

The cyclopentyne complex (III) and its ligand‐free version, which can be generated and used in situ, react with olefins to give only one isomer as is demonstrated for the examples (V) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,5,9‐Tristannacyclododecanes as Lewis Acids. Novel Structure of a Chloride Complex.
Authors: JURKSCHAT K. , KUIVILA H. G. , LIU S. , ZUBIETA J. A.
Published: May 2016

The complexation behavior of the title complexes (III), (IV) and (VI) toward chloride is investigated by 119Sn NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Stabilized Carbanions. Part 12. Intramolecular Cr(CO)3 Migration from a Phenyl to a Cyclopentadienyl Ring Through a σ‐Bond.
Authors: CECCON A. , GAMBARO A. , GOTTARDI F. , SANTI S. , VENZO A. , LUCCHINI V.
Published: May 2016

The potassium salts (I)‐(III) are prepared by KH treatment of the corresponding neutral complexes and characterized by NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral Complexes of Tungsten Oxotetrafluoride with Hydrazine Derivatives.
Authors: SAKHAROV S. G. , ZARELUA S. A. , KOKUNOV YU. V. , BUSLAEV YU. A.
Published: May 2016

A 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopic investigation of the complexes (I), obtained by the reaction of hydrazines and hydrazones with WOF4, shows the existence of isomerism which is due to different orientations of substituents of the coordinated hydrazine.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Dihydro‐6,13‐di(ethoxycarbonyl)‐7,12‐dimethyl‐dibenzo(b.i.)‐1,4,8,11‐tetraaza(14)annulene: Demetalation of the Copper Complex and Synthesis of New Metal Chelates.
Authors: MUELLER K. + , JAEGER E.‐G. +
Published: May 2016

The demetalation of the Cu(II) complex (Ia) with sulfuric acid gives the title ligand (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Analogues. Synthesis of Macrocyclic Diesters of (‐)‐Platynecine.
Authors: RODGERS M. , ROBINS D. J.
Published: May 2016

Only few macrocyclic diesters of saturated necine diols occur naturally.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(allyloxy)(diisopropylamino)phosphine as a New Phosphinylation Reagent for the Phosphorylation of Hydroxy Functions.
Authors: BANNWARTH W. , KUENG E. +
Published: May 2016

The amidophosphite (IIIa) and its analogues (IIIb) ‐ (IIId) are prepared from the bisamino derivatives (I) and the alcohols (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of a New Intermediate Lu2+xS3 Phase.
Authors: KIM S.‐J. , ANDEREGG J. W. , FRANZEN H. F.
Published: May 2016

The new intermediate phase in the Lu‐S system, Lu2+xS3, located between the S‐rich end of the monosulfide homogeneity range and Lu2S3, is found to be isostructural with Sc2S3.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Behavior of Aluminum‐Base Intermetallics Containing Iron.
Authors: NISANCIOGLU K.
Published: May 2016

The effects of Fe, Mn, and Si on the electrochemical behavior of the intermetallics Al3Fe, α‐Al(Fe,Mn)Si, and δ‐AlFeSi are studied in NaOH solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydriding Characteristics of Mg‐x wt.% LaNi5 Sintered Alloys (x = 10‐60).
Authors: NAGAI H. , TOMIZAWA H. , OGASAWARA T. , SHOJI K.‐I.
Published: May 2016

The hydrogen storage characteristics and the microstructure of Mg alloys containing 10‐60 wt.% LaNi5 are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Reduction of α‐Keto Amides Having trans‐2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidine as a Chiral Auxiliary.
Authors: KAWANAMI Y. , FUJITA I. , ASAHARA S. , KATSUKI T. , YAMAGUCHI M.
Published: May 2016

Under the optimized conditions A) and B), reduction of the α‐keto amides (I) and (IV) proceeds with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic Oxidation Catalysts: Oxidations with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide Mediated by Bis(tributyltin oxide) Dioxochromium(VI).
Authors: MUZART J.
Published: May 2016

The reagent system mentioned in the title is employed in the oxidation of activated methylene groups or benzylic alcohols to form the corresponding ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Reductive Removal of Benzylic Hydroxyl and Trimethylsilyloxyl Groups with Me3SiCl‐NaI‐MeCN Reagent.
Authors: SAKAI T. , MIYATA K. , TSUBOI S. , TAKEDA A. , UTAKA M. , TORII S.
Published: May 2016

Examples for the title reaction A) are given in the scheme including the preparation of the compounds (VI) and (IX), the conversion of which to the antiinflammatory agent ibuprofen (VIIa) butibufen (VIIb) and naproxen (X) is known.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of S‐(1‐Benzoyl‐2‐bis‐methylthio)‐vinyl N,N‐Pentamethylenethiocarbamates and Their Reactions with N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: DOELLING W. + , KHOUDARY K. , AUGUSTIN M.
Published: May 2016

Whereas only the bromo derivative (IVa) among the thiocarbamates (IV) gives a ketene‐S,N‐acetal (VI), all dithiocarbamates (VII) (known compounds) react analogously to give (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereochemistry of Organometallic Compounds. Part 34. Regioselection in the Hydroformylation of Silylalkenes.
Authors: DOYLE M. M. , JACKSON W. R. , PERLMUTTER P.
Published: May 2016

The Rh‐catalyzed hydroformylation of the trimethylsilylalkene (I) does not proceed regioselectively leading to a 1:1 mixture of the regioisomers (II) + (V); (V) rearranges in situ forming the second product (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Ritter Reaction with Cyclopropyl Ketones and Cyclopropyl Alcohols: Synthesis of N‐Acyl γ‐Keto and N‐Acyl Homoallyl Amines.
Authors: VANKAR Y. D. , KUMARAVEL G. , RAO C. T.
Published: May 2016

Acetonitrile (IIa) and acrylonitrile (IIb) are employed as nucleophiles for the cleavage of various cyclopropyl ketones and carbinols in acidic solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Cross Coupling Reaction of a Glyoxylate with Carbonyl Compounds. A Facile Synthesis of α,β‐Dihydroxycarboxylate Based on a Low Valent Titanium Compound.
Authors: MUKAIYAMA T. , SUGIMURA H. , OHNO T. , KOBAYASHI S.
Published: May 2016

The aldehydes (I) are treated with a low valent titanium agent, generated from titanium tetrachloride and zinc copper couple, in DME/methylene chloride to produce the diols (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Extension of the Horner‐Wittig Reaction to the Synthesis of E‐Alkenes with Chiral Substituents: Stereochemical Control by Acyl Transfer.
Authors: AYREY P. M. , WARREN S.
Published: May 2016

Various β‐hydroxyalkyldiphenylphosphine oxides, e.g. (III), (VIII), and (XIII), are prepared and then treated with sodium hydride in DMF to yield alkenes such as (IV), (IX), and (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Cycloaddition of 1,3‐Diazabutadienes with Enamines: An Efficient Route to the Pyrimidine Ring.
Authors: BARLUENGA J. , TOMAS M. , BALLESTEROS A. , LOPEZ L. A.
Published: May 2016

The siloxy‐1,3‐diazabutadiene (I) undergoes cycloaddition reaction with the enamine (II), followed by hydrolysis and dehydration, to produce the dihydropyrimidinone (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Amino‐Substituted Oxophosphorane Iron Complexes ((η5‐C5H5)(CO)2Fe(P(O)(NR2)n(OR′)2‐n)) (n = 1, 2) by the Arbuzov‐Like Dealkylation Reaction.
Authors: NAKAZAWA H. , KADOI Y. , MIYOSHI K.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the chloro‐iron complex (I) with stoichiometric amounts of the phosphines (II) generates the isolable cationic complexes (III), which undergo an Arbuzov‐like dealkylation to the iron‐phosphonate complexes (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Studies of Nickel(II) Complexes of 14‐Membered trans‐N2O2 and trans‐N2S2 Quadridentate Macrocycles.
Authors: DUCKWORTH P. A. , STEPHENS F. S. , WAINWRIGHT K. P. , WEERASURIA K. D. V. , WILD S. B.
Published: May 2016

Triphenylphosphine reacts with azide (I) in an aza‐Wittig reaction to yield the unsaturated 14‐membered trans‐N2O2 macrocycle (II), presumably via seven‐membered 2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzoxazepine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Gold(I) Thiocyanate with Imidazolidine‐2‐thione and Its Derivatives.
Authors: ISAB A. A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of NH4(Au)(SCN)4 with imidazolidine‐2‐thione and its N‐ or N,N'‐substituted derivatives gives linear gold(I) complexes such as (I), whereas the same reaction with six‐membered heterocycles yields three‐coordinated gold(I) complexes (II), probably because the six‐membered ligand can adopt a boat or chair conformation to relieve any steric congestion which may not be relieved in the system with the five‐membered ligand (yields not given).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands. Part 52. Binding of Monosaccharides Through the Isocyano and Carbene Group to the Metal Atom: Chromium(0), Tungsten(0), Rhodium(III), Iridium(III), Palladium(II), Platinum(II), and Gold(I) Complexes of 1,3,4,6‐Tetra‐O‐acetyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐isocyano‐α‐D‐glucose and ‐β‐D‐glucose.
Authors: PILL T. , POLBORN K. , BECK W.
Published: May 2016

The title ligands Glu‐NC react with M1Cl2, M2(CO)5(THF), and ClAu(SMe2) to give the stable isocyanide complexes (Ia), (III), and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium Carbenoid Mediated Cyclizations. Part 4. Synthetic Approaches to Oxepanes Related to Zoapatanol.
Authors: DAVIES M. J. , HESLIN J. C. , MOODY C. J.
Published: May 2016

The relatively complex model oxepane (III) is successfully prepared by cyclization of the diazo alcohol (II) according to A).
ChemInform Abstract: Confirmation of the Structure of Nisin by Complete 1H NMR Resonance Assignment in Aqueous and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution.
Authors: CHAN W. C. , LIAN L.‐Y. , BYCROFT B. W. , ROBERTS G. C. K.
Published: May 2016

The chemical structure of the peptide antibiotic nisin is confirmed by the unambiguous sequence‐specific assignment of its 1H NMR spectrum using a range of 2D‐NMR techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Dienone‐Phenol Rearrangements of 3‐Acylcyclohexa‐2,5‐dienones Kinetics and Mechanism.
Authors: GOODYEAR G. , WARING A. J.
Published: May 2016

At high acidities, the acetyl group in (Ia) enhances the reactivity of the protonated cation, which in Ac2O/H2SO4 yields the acetate of (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Organotitanium Chemistry. Part 18. Dehalogenation of Organic Halides by Cp2TiX (X: Cl, Br).
Authors: QIAN Y. , LI G. , HUANG Y.‐Z.
Published: May 2016

Dicyclopentadienyltitanium chloride (II) and bromide prepared in situ from the reduction of dicyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride (I) by iPrMgCl or iPrMgBr are effective dehalogenating reagents for benzylic, allylic halides, and α‐bromoketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Vicinal Hydroxylation of Terminal and E‐1,2‐Disubstituted Olefins by a Chiral Complex of Osmium Tetraoxide. An Effective Controller System and a Rational Mechanistic Model.
Authors: COREY E. J. , DASILVA JARDINE P. , VIRGIL S. , YUEN P.‐W. , CONNELL R. D.
Published: May 2016

A system is described for the enantioselective hydroxylation of E olefins such as (I) that is unsurpassed in terms of enantioselectivity, ready availability and recoverability of the chiral controller ligand DMDPE, and recoverability of osmium.
ChemInform Abstract: Inverse Amine‐Stabilized Sulfenes F2C=SO2 and FHC=SO2.
Authors: PRITZKOW H. , RALL K. , REIMANN‐ANDERSEN S. , SUNDERMEYER W.
Published: May 2016

An electrophilic C atom distinguishes the two title sulfenes from other sulfenes, in which the S atom is electrophilic.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Organic Anions. Part 165. Dihalomethanes as C‐H Acids in the Catalytic Two‐Phase (CTP) System. A New Method for the Synthesis of gem‐Dichlorocyclopropanes.
Authors: JONCZYK A. , BALCERZAK P.
Published: May 2016

The olefins (I) are treated with dichloromethane (II) or dibromomethane (IV) in tetrachloromethane and aqueous potassium hydroxide, yielding the dichlorocyclopropanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A New, Short Synthetic Route to α‐Substituted 5,5‐Difluoro‐4‐pentenoic Acid Esters.
Authors: KENDRICK D. A. , KOLB M.
Published: May 2016

The enolates derived from the esters (I) react with 3,3,3‐trifluoropropene (II) to give the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Arylation and Alkenylation of Bicyclic Alkenes.
Authors: LAROCK R. C. , JOHNSON P. L.
Published: May 2016

Norbornene (I) reacts with iodobenzene (IIa) or the vinylic iodides (IIb) and (IIc) in the presence of potassium formate as a reducing agent to give the 2‐substituted exo‐norbornanes (III) and the double insertion product (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chloroanthracyclines from Acetal‐Alkene Cyclization.
Authors: BROWN E. G. , CAMBIE R. C. , HOLROYD S. E. , JOHNSON M. , RUTLEDGE P. S. , WOODGATE P. D.
Published: May 2016

Quinizarine (I) is converted to the acetal (IV) by known procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Aminoethyl)thiophene via Activated Arylsulfonylaziridines.
Authors: FIKENTSCHER R. , BRUECKMANN R. + , BETZ R.
Published: May 2016

Whereas 2‐lithiothiophene reacts with N‐pivaloylaziridine (II) exclusively at the carbon atom to give the product (I), reaction with the aziridines (IV) leads to the desired ring opening to yield the sulfonamides (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Competition Between Nucleophilic Attack and Electron Transfer in the Reaction of Indoledione Imine N‐Oxides with Primary Aromatic Amines.
Authors: CARLONI P. , GRECI L. , STIPA P. , ALBERTI A. , RIZZOLI C. , SGARABOTTO P. , UGOZZOLI F.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of N‐oxide (I) with anilines (II) proceeds through several steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiro Dihydrofuran‐pyrazolidinones from Tetraacetylethylene and Azodicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: CELLI A. M. , DONATI D. , SCOTTON M.
Published: May 2016

Tetraacetylethylene (I) reacts with electron‐withdrawing azo compounds (II), (IV) to give spiro furan‐pyrazoles (III), and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(3‐Oxo‐1,2‐benzisothiazolin‐2‐yl)(Phenyl‐, Phenoxy‐)alkanoic Acids: Synthesis, Antiphlogistic, Analgetic, and Antipyretic Properties.
Authors: BORDI F. , CATELLANI P. L. , MORINI G. , PLAZZI P. V. , SILVA C. , BAROCELLI E. , CHIAVARINI M.
Published: May 2016

The oxobenzisothiazolinecarboxylates (IV) are prepared by in situ reaction of the acid chloride (II) with the amino compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Preliminary Pharmacological Examination of 2,4‐Disubstituted N,N‐Dialkyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxamides.
Authors: DI BRACCIO M. , ROMA G. , BALBI A. , SOTTOFATTORI E. , CARAZZONE M.
Published: May 2016

The aminonicotinic acid (I) is coupled with the malonamates (II) in the presence of POCl3 to give the chloronaphthyridinecarboxamides (III) which are transformed into the dichloro derivatives (IV) upon further treatment with POCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloids of Lycopodium selago. Identity of Selagine with Huperzine A and the Structure of a Related Alkaloid.
Authors: AYER W. A. , BROWNE L. M. , ORSZANSKA H. , VALENTA Z. , LIU J.‐S.
Published: May 2016

Selagine, previously assigned as (I), is found to be identical with huperzine A (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemically Generated Gold Catalyst for Selective Electroless Plating of Copper.
Authors: BAUM T. H.
Published: May 2016

It is shown that UV irradiation of a substrate (Al2O3 or glass‐epoxy coupons) treated with the dimethyl(1,3‐diphenyl‐1,3‐propanedionato)gold complex results in the formation of elemental gold, which catalyzes copper metal plating from an electroless bath.
A BOILED‐Egg To Predict Gastrointestinal Absorption and Brain Penetration of Small Molecules
Authors: Daina Antoine , Zoete Vincent
Published: May 2016

Apart from efficacy and toxicity, many drug development failures are imputable to poor pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Gastrointestinal absorption and brain access are two pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to estimate at various stages of the drug discovery processes. To this end, the Brain Or IntestinaL EstimateD permeation method (BOILED‐Egg) is proposed as an accurate predictive model that works by computing the lipophilicity and polarity of small molecules. Concomitant predictions for both brain and intestinal permeation are obtained from the same two physicochemical descriptors and straightforwardly translated into molecular design, owing to the speed, accuracy, conceptual simplicity and clear graphical output of the model. The BOILED‐Egg can be applied in a variety of settings, from the filtering of chemical libraries at the early steps of drug discovery, to the evaluation of drug candidates for development.
An observational study to examine changes in metabolic syndrome components in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Dieli‐Conwright Christina M. , Wong Louise , Waliany Sarah , Bernstein Leslie , Salehian Behrouz , Mortimer Joanne E.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

The authors sought to determine the effect of chemotherapy on the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women undergoing (neo)adjuvant therapy for early‐stage breast cancer.

METHODS

A total of 86 women with early‐stage (AJCC stage I‐III) breast cancer who were free from clinically diagnosed MetS (defined as 3 of 5 components of MetS) were prospectively tested for the presence of the 5 components of MetS within 1 week before initiating and after completing (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. The 5 components of MetS measured were waist circumference; blood pressure; and fasting levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Anthropometrics (body weight, percentage body fat, fat mass), lipid profile (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), glucose metabolism (insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin), and inflammation (C‐reactive protein) also were examined before initiating and after completing treatment.

RESULTS

The current study included 46 premenopausal and 40 postmenopausal women. All individual MetS components and the overall MetS score were found to be statistically significantly increased (P<.01) after chemotherapy. Body weight, percentage body fat, fat mass, lipids, glucose metabolism, and inflammation also were found to be statistically significantly increased (P<.01).

CONCLUSIONS

A 12‐week to 18‐week course of chemotherapy appears to statistically significantly increase MetS and related anthropometrics, biomarkers of glucose metabolism, and inflammation in patients with early‐stage breast cancer with no preexisting MetS. Lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise may be preventive approaches for use during chemotherapy to reduce the onset of MetS in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2646–2653. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Olefin Epoxidation in Aqueous Phase Using Ionic‐Liquid Catalysts
Authors: Cokoja Mirza , Reich Robert M. , Wilhelm Michael E. , Kaposi Marlene , Schäffer Johannes , Morris Danny S. , Münchmeyer Christian J. , Anthofer Michael H. , Markovits Iulius I. E. , Kühn Fritz E. , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Jess Andreas , Love Jason B.
Published: May 2016

Hydrophobic imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (IL) act as catalysts for the epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins in water using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Although the catalysts are insoluble in both the substrate and in water, surprisingly, they are very well soluble in aqueous H2O2 solution, owing to perrhenate‐H2O2 interactions. Even more remarkably, the presence of the catalyst also boosts the solubility of substrate in water. This effect is crucially dependent on the cation design. Hence, the imidazolium perrhenates enable both the transfer of hydrophobic substrate into the aqueous phase, and serve as actual catalysts, which is unprecedented. At the end of the reaction and in absence of H2O2 the IL catalyst forms a third phase next to the lipophilic product and water and can easily be recycled.
Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology heart failure nurse curriculum
Authors: Riley Jillian P. , Astin Felicity , Crespo‐Leiro Marisa G. , Deaton Christi M. , Kienhorst Jens , Lambrinou Ekaterini , McDonagh Theresa A. , Rushton Claire A. , Stromberg Anna , Filippatos Gerasimos , Anker Stefan D.
Published: May 2016

Recent advances in care and management of heart failure have improved outcome, largely as a result of the developing evidence basis for medications, implantable devices and the organization of heart failure follow‐up. Such developments have also increased the complexity of delivering and coordinating care. This has led to a change to the way in which heart failure services are organized and to the traditional role of the heart failure nurse. Nurses in many countries now provide a range of services that include providing care for patients with acute and with chronic heart failure, working in and across different sectors of care (inpatient, outpatient, community care, the home and remotely), organising care services around the face‐to‐face and the remote collection of patient data, and liaising with a wide variety of health‐care providers and professionals. To support such advances the nurse requires a skill set that goes beyond that of their initial education and training. The range of nurses' roles across Europe is varied. So too is the nature of their educational preparation. This heart failure nurse curriculum aims to provide a framework for use in countries of the European Society of Cardiology. Its modular approach enables the key knowledge, skills, and behaviours for the nurse working in different care settings to be outlined and so facilitate nursing staff to play a fuller role within the heart failure team.
Epidermal NLRP10 contributes to contact hypersensitivity responses in mice
Authors: Damm Anna , Giebeler Nives , Zamek Jan , Zigrino Paola , Kufer Thomas A.
Published: May 2016

The nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain‐like receptor (NLR) protein NLRP10 is highly expressed in the epidermis and contributes to cell‐autonomous responses against invasive bacteria. To investigate the role of NLRP10 in inflammatory responses of the skin we analyzed the effect of full‐body and keratinocyte‐specific depletion of NLRP10 in croton oil‐induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DNFB)‐induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice. Nlrp10−/− mice were phenotypically normal and skin repair after wounding was not affected by lack of NLRP10. Similarly, we did not detect a contribution of NLRP10 to the ICD response induced by croton oil. In contrast, Nlrp10−/− mice showed significantly reduced inflammation in the DNFB‐induced CHS response as compared to control animals. Microscopic analysis revealed significantly reduced numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the infiltrates of animals lacking NLRP10 expression after CHS challenge. Epidermis‐specific deletion of Nlrp10 by keratin‐14 promotor driven Cre‐recombinase was sufficient to account for this phenotype, although lymphocyte recruitment seemed to be unaltered in animals lacking NLRP10 expression in keratinocytes. Taken together, we provide evidence that NLRP10 contributes to T‐cell‐mediated inflammatory responses in the skin and highlight a physiological role of NLRP10 in epidermal keratinocytes.
Reductions in tonic GABAergic current in substantia gelatinosa neurons and GABAA receptor δ subunit expression after chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in mice
Authors: Iura A. , Takahashi A. , Hakata S. , Mashimo T. , Fujino Y.
Published: May 2016

Background

Decreased Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic phasic inhibitory transmission in the spinal cord is thought to be responsible for the development of neuropathic pain. However, the role of GABAergic tonic current in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in neuropathic pain remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we assessed GABAergic tonic currents of SG neurons in a sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse.

Method

Whole‐cell patch clamp recordings form lumbar spinal cord slices was performed to evaluate GABAergic currents. We also investigated the expression changes of GABAA receptor subunits which are considered to mediate tonic currents.

Results

The percentage of SG neurons receiving GABAergic tonic currents decreased in CCI mice compared with Naïve mice. No significant change was observed in the mean amplitude of GABAergic tonic currents. RT‐PCR and Western blot revealed that the expression of GABAA receptor δ subunits decreased following CCI.

Conclusion

A reduction in the expression the δ subunit of the GABAA receptor and diminished GABAergic tonic current in SG neurons were observed after CCI in mice. GABAergic tonic current plays a key role in neuropathic pain. The GABAA receptor δ subunit may be a therapeutic target in neuropathic pain.

What does this study add?

In spinal SG neurons, GABAergic inhibitory transmission operates through both phasic and tonic currents, but physiological role is largely unknown. In this study, we report dysregulation of GABAA receptor δ subunit‐mediated tonic current in SG neurons may result in spinal disinhibition resulting in neuropathic pain in CCI mice.
Radiation dose distribution in the teeth, maxilla, and mandible of patients with oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal tumors who were treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Parahyba Cláudia Joffily , Ynoe Moraes Fábio , Ramos Pedro Augusto Minorim , Haddad Cecília Maria Kalil , da Silva João Luis Fernandes , Fregnani Eduardo Rodrigues
Published: May 2016

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of the intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) dose delivered to the teeth, maxilla, and mandible.

Methods

The mean dose (Dmean) and maximum dose (Dmax) of radiation for the maxilla, mandible, and teeth of 63 patients with oropharyngeal (n = 44) or nasopharyngeal (n = 19) tumors were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

The posterior regions of the mandible received the highest doses, and the teeth received lower doses than the bones (maximum dose, p < .001; average dose, p < .001). The Dmax (p < .001) and Dmean (p < .001) depended on primary tumor location. The superior bones and teeth of patients with nasopharyngeal tumors received more radiation than those of patients with oropharyngeal tumors.

Conclusion

A dose distribution map was generated based on the estimated doses received, which could allow prediction of the areas most affected by radiation and facilitate further correlations with dental complications after radiotherapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Validity of self‐reported family history of cancer: A systematic literature review on selected cancers
Authors: Fiederling Jonas , Shams Ahmad Zia , Haug Ulrike
Published: May 2016

Evidence regarding validity of self‐reported family history of cancer (FHC) has been reviewed only for breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, endometrial and uterine cancer. We aimed to systematically review studies assessing validity of self‐reported family history for the remaining cancer sites. We searched the Medline database for relevant studies published by January 2016. We extracted information on the study design and the positive predictive value (PPV) of self‐reported FHC, defined as the proportion of reported cancer diagnoses among relatives that was confirmed by a reference standard (as a measure of over‐reporting). We also extracted information on sensitivity of self‐reported FHC (as a measure of underreporting). Overall, 21 studies were included that provided information on the PPV of self‐reported FHC for relevant cancers and four studies also provided information on sensitivity. The PPV was highest (mostly >70%) for pancreatic, lung, thyroid and urinary system cancers and for leukemia and lymphoma, while it was lowest for stomach and liver cancer. Sensitivity was highest (>70%) for pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, leukemia and lymphoma. For several cancers, sample sizes were low and the number of studies limited, particularly regarding sensitivity of self‐reported FHC. In conclusion, for some cancers (e.g., pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, lymphoma) self‐reported FHC can be considered sufficiently valid to be useful, for example, in preventive counseling. For several cancers, it is not sufficiently studied or the pattern is inconsistent. This needs to be taken into account when using self‐reported information about FHC in clinical practice or epidemiological research.
Retroreflective‐type Janus microspheres as a novel contrast agent for enhanced optical coherence tomography
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Jing , Wang Li‐Mei , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Yuan Zhen
Published: May 2016

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a well‐developed technology that utilizes near‐infrared light to reconstruct three‐dimensional images of biological tissues with micrometer resolution. Improvements of the imaging contrast of the OCT technique are able to further widen its extensive biomedical applications. In this study, Janus microspheres were developed and used as a positive contrast agent for enhanced OCT imaging. Phantom and ex vivo liver tissue experiments as well as in vivo animal tests were conducted, which validated that Janus microspheres, as a novel type of OCT tracer, were very effective in improving the OCT imaging contrast.

Working principle and SEM image of Janus microsphere (top). Enhanced OCT imaging (bottom) of Janus microspheres in zebrafish stomach (blue dash line) and sinusoids (green arrows) of nude liver.

magnified image

Working principle and SEM image of Janus microsphere (top). Enhanced OCT imaging (bottom) of Janus microspheres in zebrafish stomach (blue dash line) and sinusoids (green arrows) of nude liver.
Sonographic appearance of a cesarean scar pregnancy with placenta percreta invading the bladder in the first trimester and management with fertility preservation
Authors: Rebarber Andrei , Varrey Aneesha , Scherr Doug , Fox Nathan , Sassoon Robert , Ciorica Doina , Saltzman Daniel
Published: May 2016

A 36‐year‐old, gravida 8, para 6, woman with six prior cesarean sections presented at 6 weeks with a cesarean scar pregnancy. Medical management was performed initially; however, subsequent three‐dimensional sonographic examinations revealed trophoblastic invasion into the bladder. This led to robotic‐assisted partial cystectomy, fulguration of invaded pregnancy, and repair of the uterine defect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:163–167, 2017
Effects of Substrate Size and Orientation on Quadrupedal Gait Kinematics in Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus murinus)
Authors: Shapiro Liza J. , Kemp Addison D. , Young Jesse W.
Published: May 2016

As the smallest living primate, the mouse lemur is a suitable model for reconstructing the locomotor mechanisms by which primate ancestors might have responded to the challenges of an arboreal environment. In this study, we tested the effects of substrate diameter and orientation on quadrupedal gait kinematics in mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). Mouse lemurs highly preferred asymmetrical to symmetrical gaits as they moved across a flat board and poles of three diameters (2.5, 1.0, and 0.5 cm), set at horizontal, 30° inclined, and 30° declined orientations. During symmetrical gaits, mouse lemurs used diagonal sequence walking and ambling gaits on the same substrates and at the same duty factors for which some similarly sized nonprimate mammals use lateral sequence gaits, suggesting that reliance on diagonal sequence walking in primates may not be explicitly a response to body size relative to substrate diameter. When using asymmetrical gaits, kinematic adjustments to small diameter and/or nonhorizontal substrates included a preference for transverse gallops over other gaits, the avoidance of whole‐body suspensions, increases in limb contact duration, and increases in the time interval between the landing of trailing and leading limbs. All of these adjustments are consistent with increasing locomotor stability by dampening center of mass movements and reducing the forces imparted to the substrate. Like mouse lemurs, small‐bodied ancestral primates likely used symmetrical gaits occasionally, but more frequently used asymmetrical gaits that were adjusted in response to challenging substrates. Therefore, asymmetrical gait dynamics should be incorporated into hypotheses addressing early primate locomotor evolution.
A clinical audit of anatomical side marker use in a paediatric medical imaging department
Authors: Barry Kate , Kumar Saravana , Linke Rebecca , Dawes Emma
Published: May 2016

Introduction

The gold standard in general radiography is to place a radiopaque anatomical side marker in the field of view for each radiographic image prior to exposure. The advent of digital radiography has allowed for anatomical side markers to be digitally added to films as part of post‐processing. The aim of this audit was to identify whether general X‐ray images performed in a tertiary Women's and Children's Hospital were being appropriately annotated with a definitive side marker, and to identify factors that may contribute to inappropriately labelled images.

Methods

Four hundred images from 201 patients’ examinations occurring within a randomly selected time period were assessed to ascertain whether radiographic anatomical side markers were visible when images were viewed via the hospitals main viewing platform. The audit occurred in January 2014. The scope included both mobile and in‐department general X‐ray examinations, with the patient age range extending from 1 day to 18 years.

Results

Of the 400 images evaluated, 88 (22%) were found to have a lead marker that matched the anatomy being imaged within the primary beam; 289 (72.3%) images contained a correct digital marker inserted as part of the post‐processing of the image. In total, 377 (94.2%) images were appropriately marked. Of the 23 (5.8%) images not marked correctly, 22 images had no marker and 1 was incorrectly marked with a digital marker. There was a noticeable relationship between absent anatomical markers and chest X‐rays performed outside of the medical imaging department.

Conclusions

While it is encouraging that the majority of the images assessed were correctly annotated, with only a small number of missing markers, there are opportunities for further improvement. The audit findings suggest that reduced access to lead markers influences marker use. Strategies that may improve compliance at an individual level include distribution of personalised anatomical side markers, and targeted staff education sessions. At a department level, regular audits and monitoring should be encouraged.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder in aesthetic rhinoplasty: Validating a new screening tool
Authors: Lekakis Garyfalia , Picavet Valerie A. , Gabriëls Loes , Grietens Jente , Hellings Peter W.
Published: May 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To validate a new screening tool for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty.

Study Design

We performed a prospective instrument validation study in an academic rhinology clinic.

Methods

The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire–Aesthetic Surgery (BDDQ‐AS) is a seven‐item short questionnaire validated in 116 patients undergoing aesthetic rhinoplasty. Screening was positive if the patient acknowledged on the BDDQ‐AS that he/she was concerned about their appearance (question 1 = yes) AND preoccupied with these concerns (question 2 = yes) AND that these concerns caused at least moderate distress or impairment in different domains of daily life (question 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 ≥ 3 or question 7 = yes). Construct validity was assessed by comparing the BDDQ‐AS to the Sheehan Disability Scale and the Derriford Appearance Scale‐59. To determine concurrent validity, the BDDQ‐AS was compared to the Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD. Finally, the predictive value of the BDDQ‐AS on satisfaction 12 months after rhinoplasty was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation.

Results

Reliability of the BDDQ‐AS was adequate, with Cronbach alpha = .83 for rhinoplasty patients and .84 for controls. Sensitivity was 89.6% and specificity 81.4%. BDDQ‐AS–positive patients (n = 55) were more impaired in daily life and experienced more appearance‐related distress and dysfunction compared to BDDQ‐AS–negative patients. Moreover, they had more severe BDD symptoms. Finally, BDDQ‐AS–positive patients were less satisfied after surgery compared to BDDQ‐AS–negative patients.

Conclusions

We hereby validated a new screening tool for BDD in an aesthetic rhinoplasty population.

Level of Evidence

3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1739–1745, 2016
Fast‐Track, One‐Step E. coli Detection: A Miniaturized Hydrogel Array Permits Specific Direct PCR and DNA Hybridization while Amplification
Authors: Beyer Antje , Pollok Sibyll , Rudloff Anne , Cialla‐May Dana , Weber Karina , Popp Jürgen
Published: May 2016

A timesaving and convenient method for bacterial detection based on one‐step, one‐tube deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization on hydrogel array while target gene amplification is described. The hydrogel array is generated by a fast one‐pot synthesis, where N,N′‐dimethylacrylamide/polyethyleneglycol(PEG1900)‐bisacrylamide mixture polymerizes via radical photoinitiation by visible light within 20 min concomitant with in situ capture probe immobilization. These DNA‐functionalized hydrogel droplets arrayed on a planar glass surface are placed in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mixture during the thermal amplification cycles. The bacterial cells can be implemented in a direct PCR reaction, omitting the need for prior template DNA extraction. The resulting fluorescence signal is immediately detectable after the end of the PCR (1 h) following one short washing step by microscopy. Therefore a valid signal can be reached within 1.5 h including 10 min for pipetting and placement of the tubes and chips. The performance of this novel hydrogel DNA array was successfully proven with varying cell numbers down to a limit of 101Escherichia coli cells.

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Palladium Catalysts Based on Mesoporous Organic Materials in Semihydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Boronoev Maksim P. , Zolotukhina Anna V. , Ignatyeva Victoria I. , Terenina Maria V. , Maximov Anton L. , Karakhanov Eduard A.
Published: May 2016

Catalyst based on palladium nanoparticles and poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers immobilized on mesoporous phenol‐formaldehyde support was synthesized. Catalytic characteristics were evaluated in the hydrogenation of 1‐octyne, 4‐octyne, and 1‐hexyne. High selectivity for alkenes (up to 99%) was achieved. Synthesized hybrid catalyst can be recycled without a loss of activity and additional regeneration.
Simultaneous multislice magnetic resonance fingerprinting (SMS‐MRF) with direct‐spiral slice‐GRAPPA (ds‐SG) reconstruction
Authors: Ye Huihui , Cauley Stephen F. , Gagoski Borjan , Bilgic Berkin , Ma Dan , Jiang Yun , Du Yiping P. , Griswold Mark A. , Wald Lawrence L. , Setsompop Kawin
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To develop a reconstruction method to improve SMS‐MRF, in which slice acceleration is used in conjunction with highly undersampled in‐plane acceleration to speed up MRF acquisition.

Methods

In this work two methods are employed to efficiently perform the simultaneous multislice magnetic resonance fingerprinting (SMS‐MRF) data acquisition and the direct‐spiral slice‐GRAPPA (ds‐SG) reconstruction. First, the lengthy training data acquisition is shortened by employing the through‐time/through‐k‐space approach, in which similar k‐space locations within and across spiral interleaves are grouped and are associated with a single set of kernel. Second, inversion recovery preparation (IR prepped), variable flip angle (FA), and repetition time (TR) are used for the acquisition of the training data, to increase signal variation and to improve the conditioning of the kernel fitting.

Results

The grouping of k‐space locations enables a large reduction in the number of kernels required, and the IR‐prepped training data with variable FA and TR provide improved ds‐SG kernels and reconstruction performance. With direct‐spiral slice‐GRAPPA, tissue parameter maps comparable to that of conventional MRF were obtained at multiband (MB) = 3 acceleration using t‐blipped SMS‐MRF acquisition with 32‐channel head coil at 3 Tesla (T).

Conclusions

The proposed reconstruction scheme allows MB = 3 accelerated SMS‐MRF imaging with high‐quality T1, T2, and off‐resonance maps, and can be used to significantly shorten MRF acquisition and aid in its adoption in neuro‐scientific and clinical settings. Magn Reson Med 77:1966–1974, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Noninvasive detection of enzyme activity in tumor models of human ovarian cancer using catalyCEST MRI
Authors: Sinharay Sanhita , Randtke Edward A. , Jones Kyle M. , Howison Christine M. , Chambers Setsuko K. , Kobayashi Hisataka , Pagel Mark D.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

We proposed to detect the in vivo enzyme activity of γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) within mouse models of human ovarian cancers using catalyCEST MRI with a diamagnetic CEST agent.

Methods

A CEST‐FISP MRI protocol and a diamagnetic CEST agent were developed to detect GGT enzyme activity in biochemical solution. A quantitative Michaelis‐Menten enzyme kinetics study was performed to confirm that catalyCEST MRI can measure enzyme activity. In vivo catalyCEST MRI studies generated pixel‐wise activity maps of GGT activities. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging was performed for validation.

Results

CatalyCEST MRI selectively detected two CEST signals from a single CEST agent, whereby one CEST signal was responsive to GGT enzyme activity and the other CEST signal was an unresponsive control signal. The comparison of these CEST signals facilitated in vivo catalyCEST MRI studies that detected high GGT activity in OVCAR‐8 tumors, low GGT activity in OVCAR‐3 tumors, and low or no GGT activity in muscle tissues.

Conclusion

CatalyCEST MRI with a diamagnetic CEST agent can detect the level of GGT enzyme activity within in vivo tumor models of human ovarian cancers. Magn Reson Med 77:2005–2014, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine