bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local government taxes and performance of small scale enterprises
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Lwanga Henry
Published: February 2025

In Uganda, 90% of business owners admit that taxes are a huge constraint to their businesses UBOS (UNHS, 2011), they claim that taxes are high and do not allow new businesses to cover up initial cost. Odongo (2011) points out that Tax mainly affects the performance of small scale enterprises through lost sales during closure of the business premises, loss of machinery and equipment due to delay in remitting tax and the loss of capital due to fines imposed. Thus the purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between Local Government Taxes and performance of Small Scale Enterprises in urban local governments in Uganda taking the case of Mpigi Town Council. Specifically, the study set out to find the relationship between trade licenses and performance of small scale enterprises, to examine the relationship between market fees and performance of SSEs and also to determine the relationship between local service tax and performance of small scale enterprises in Mpigi Town. The study used a cross sectional study design adopting a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques. This prompted the research to use primary and secondary data to which end it used questioning/ interviewing, key informants. Documentary review on local government tax policies and documentation on small scale enterprises was employed. Out of the targeted sample size of 181 the study drew responses from 179 respondents giving a 99% response rate. Quantitative data was entered and cleaned in Epidata and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Pearson's correlation coefficient and regressions were further used to show the relationships among the dimensions of variables. While qualitative data was analyzed by categorizing themes basing on the objectives of the study From the findings of the study a positive significant relationship between local government taxes and performance of small scale enterprises was clearly indicated, with the trade license providing a better explanation of performance of small scale enterprises as compared to local service taxes and market fees. The study also indicated that all the three dimensions of local government taxes relate positively with small scale enterprises’ performance. The study recommended that more awareness should be made on local government taxes by local government authorities, sensitization and collection of taxes should be done in a more friendly manner and local governments should consider abolishing Tax Sir charges for late payments as they cause more pain to tax payers
Financial management and service delivery in public institutions: case study Wakiso district local government
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Mawanda Michael
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted in Wakiso District Local Government. The main purpose was to investigate the relationship between financial management and service delivery in public institutions. Specific objectives were; to establish the relationship between budgeting and service delivery in public institutions; to assess the relationship between financial records and service delivery in public institutions and to examine the relationship between financial reporting and service delivery in public institutions. Financial management was looked at from various dimensions including budgeting, financial records and financial reporting, while service delivery was determined by reliability, assurance, responsiveness, tangibility and empathy. The research design was a case study based on both quantitative and qualitative approaches in relation to cross section, correlation and regression as research designs. The methods used for data collection were questionnaires and interviews. The sample study involved Administration and Heads of departments, District Finance, and Sub County & Town Council Finance Departments, Internal Audit, District Public Accounts Committee, Resident Auditors, District Executive, Sub County & Town Council Executive with a population of 111 and a sample of 103 respondents. Data was analyzed through the use of SPSS Version 20 for quantitative purposes and grouped into categories and themes for qualitative analysis. The conclusions were drawn from tables. Based on the data and research findings, there was a positive relationship between budgeting, financial records, financial reporting and service delivery in public institutions. The study established a positive relationship between financial management and service delivery in public institutions. Hence, it made recommendations such as; Leaders and managers of Local Governments should ensure that there is effective financial management to facilitate realistic budgets, up-to-date records on finances that could be traced in service areas and they should facilitate regular financial reporting and follow-ups in Local governments so as to identify areas that they could address and ensure that services related to the reports are verifiable. The study, therefore, concludes with a call to the stakeholders in Wakiso District Local Government to enhance financial management in form of budgeting, financial records and financial reporting since it enhances service delivery
On-job training and employee performance in commercial banks: case study Tropical bank limited
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Nakalebu Assy
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of on job training on employee performance in financial institutions basing on Tropical Bank Limited. The study was guided by four objectives which included: to find out the effect of coaching, to establish the effect of mentoring, to examine the effect of job rotation and lastly to find out the effect of apprenticeship all on employee performance. The study population was 110 with a sample size of 84 reached through stratified probability sampling technique and these were the staff and branch managers of Tropical Bank Limited who acted as the respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews and then analysed using descriptive statistics where a mean analysis was carried out to analyze agreement or disagreement with the items. A mean close to 1 or 2 showed disagreement to the item, a mean close to 3 showed uncertainty whereas a mean close to 4 or 5 showed agreement. Qualitative data were analysed with thematic analysis method while quantitative data were analysed using SPSS to derive the mean and Standard deviation and to establish the correlations and regression. The study findings revealed that the three variables of on-job training: coaching, job rotation and apprenticeship have positive significant relationship on employee performance andpredictedemployee performance. This is evidenced by their respective P-Values of 0.05, 0.04, 0.03 and 0.05 as revealed by the regression analysis. Overall, there is a positive and significant relationship between Coaching, mentoring, job rotation, apprenticeship and employee Performance as per r values of 0.951, 0.765,0.784 and 0.427 P<0.01. The overall adjusted r is 0.20indicating that on job training contributes 20% to the employee performance in Tropical Bank. From the study findings, the researcher ably recommended to financial institutions; to embark on long term and continuous training as to optimize their employee’s potential, to evaluate how the employees perceive their jobs in terms of understanding their tasks and duties, smoothcooperation with their supervisors, and awareness of time limits, to hold weekly morning training sessions for their staff to make reviews on the banks products and services offered among other recommendations and if the above recommendations are implemented can contribute more to the Bank’s employee performance.
Information Construction And Student Management Efficiency In Chinese Universities
Authors: Xianzhuan Yang
Published: February 2025

The study used descriptive research method to collect data from 385 college student management teachers in China through a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: participants' personal information, information construction and student management efficiency. In terms of information construction, respondents generally believe that the construction of information infrastructure and information application platforms has been effectively handled. However, there is room for improvement in both areas. In terms of student management efficiency, respondents generally use various information application platforms to manage students. There is a significant positive relationship between information construction and student management efficiency. Effective information construction and application platform development can substantially improve student management efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights into the information construction of universities and references for Chinese universities to formulate the development goals of information construction and promote the development of modern smart campuses. In addition, while vigorously developing information infrastructure and actively promoting the construction of the smart campus, universities may also pay attention to the training of information construction talents, so as to ensure the normal implementation of information construction of schools and the effective operation of application platforms, improve the efficiency of student management, innovate student management model services, and provide new impetus for improving school management, innovation and high-quality development.
Teacher Professional Competence, Collaboration and School Culture in Urban Periphery Schools in China
Authors: Dawei Jiang , Garcia Reynalda
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to explore the current educational landscape in urban periphery schools of Jiangsu Province, focusing on the interrelationships among teacher professional competence, collaboration, and school culture. A descriptive method of research was conducted among 429 target samples from the research locale.
The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents showed that the proportion of males was slightly higher than that of females, and they were mainly in the age group of 30-39 years old and held a bachelor's degree. In addition, most of the respondents had a service period of between 10 and 20 years. Most respondents generally agreed on a positive evaluation of teachers' professional ability, which was reflected in their "agree" attitude towards professional quality, classroom behavior management, and teaching technology. They also generally agreed with teachers' performance in collaboration, with the quality of interaction receiving the highest rating. Moreover, they agreed in terms of the school's physical environment, ability to adapt to change, and collective efficacy, with the physical environment receiving the approval of the majority.
The study showed that teachers’ responses had no significant difference in their perceptions of teacher professional competence, collaboration, and school culture. There was a highly significant positive correlation between teacher professional competence, teacher collaboration, and school culture. Finally, an improvement plan to improve the quality of education in urban marginal schools by strengthening teacher classroom management, enhancing collaboration among teachers, and promoting a sense of collective efficacy in school culture was proposed.
UNDERSTANDING CHRONIC PAIN: TYPES, MECHANISMS, AND EMERGING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: A REVIEW
Authors: Jawed Salman , Ijlal Aisha , Fulwani Nimarta , Irfan Anzalna , Mahdi Aqsa , Saeed Muhammad Yasir , Fatima Syeda Afreen , Khan Aisha Sattar
Published: February 2025

Background: Chronic pain affects over 30% of the global population, imposing significant physical, psychological, and economic burdens. It is classified into nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain, each with distinct mechanisms and management challenges. Despite advancements, the complexity of chronic pain necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its types, mechanisms, and emerging treatment strategies.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted using six electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, and PubMed. Studies examining the biological, psychological, socio-economic, and cultural factors influencing chronic pain were included without date or geographic restrictions. Systematic reviews and key research articles were prioritized.
Results: Nociceptive pain arises from tissue damage, as seen in arthritis and myofascial pain syndrome. Neuropathic pain originates from nerve injury or dysfunction, with examples like diabetic neuropathy and trigeminal neuralgia. Nociplastic pain, exemplified by fibromyalgia, involves altered central pain processing. Recent advancements in molecular and genetic research have uncovered potential therapeutic targets, while non-pharmacological interventions like physical therapy and mindfulness have demonstrated efficacy. However, diagnostic challenges and variability in treatment response highlight the need for individualized, multidisciplinary approaches.
Conclusion: This review underscores the importance of understanding chronic pain classifications and mechanisms to develop targeted and effective management strategies. Future directions should focus on integrating innovative diagnostic tools, enhancing patient education, and implementing personalized multimodal therapies to reduce the burden of chronic pain.
Mewujudkan Literasi Al-Qur'an Inklusif bagi Siswa Tunarungu: Sebuah Ulasan Konseptual
Authors: Septiyani Rini , Bashori Bashori
Published: February 2025

Literasi Al-Qur’an merupakan aspek penting dalam pendidikan agama Islam. Namun, para difabel, dalam hal ini yaitu penyandang tunarungu masih menemui kendala-kendala dalam pelaksanaannya. Sehingga, pendidikan inklusif bagi siswa penyandang tunarungu menemui tantangan dalam menyelaraskan hak akses pembelajaran dengan kebutuhan khusus, terutama dalam literasi Al-Qur’an sebagai bagian dari pendidikan agama Islam. Latar belakang masalah ini terletak pada kurangnya pendekatan yang adaptif terhadap tunarungu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengajukan rumusan masalah, yakni bagaimana konsep literasi Al-Qur’an dapat diterapkan secara inklusif untuk siswa tunarungu, dengan pertimbangan karakteristik dan kebutuhan mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur yang mengumpulkan dan menganalisis berbagai referensi terkait literasi Al-Qur’an, pendidikan inklusif, serta bahasa isyarat untuk siswa tunarungu. Data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber akademik, artikel jurnal, serta buku-buku yang relevan dengan topik pembahasan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bahasa isyarat dalam pembelajaran Al-Qur’an dapat membantu siswa tunarungu memahami dan mengakses materi Al-Qur’an lebih baik. Selain itu, penerapan pendidikan inklusif yang memanfaatkan media seperti bahasa isyarat menjadi alternatif efektif dalam literasi Al-Qur’an bagi siswa tunarungu. Kesimpulannya, melaui pendidikan inklusif, yaitu dengan kehadiran Al-Qur’an berbahasa isyarat dapat meningkatkan literasi Al-Qur’an bagi siswa tunarungu dan berpotensi mempeluas aksesibilitas pendidikan agama bagi penyandang disabilitas, khususnya bagi penyandang tunarungu. Akan tetapi, perlu adanya penyesuaian lebih lanjut terkait pengajaran yang efektif terhadap pembelajaran Al-Qur’an, khususnya terkait literasi Al-Qur’an bagi siswa tunarungu.
A Study on Strategic Approaches to Team NIM Games Using Number Theory
Authors: Faza Novan Ramadhani Nur , Kurniadi Edi , Sylviani Sisilia
Published: February 2025

Many games are related to Maths, such as bridge card games, dominoes, chess, NIM, and many others. For example, the NIM game is a strategy game played by two players or two teams in which each player or team takes turns taking at least one object with certain rules. Winning the game depends on how many objects are available and who plays first. In this article, we will present the NIM Maxima game. In this NIM game, the concept of Mathematics that will be used is number theory to determine a strategy to win the game.
Pengelolaan Peminjaman Barang dalam Pendidikan: Antara SOP LPM dan Pelaksanaan
Authors: Fadliah Rina
Published: February 2025

Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif sebagai penelitian evaluasi. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulan bahwa kesenjangan antara SOP dan pelaksanaan peminjaman barang di institusi pendidikan seringkali terjadi akibat kurangnya sosialisasi, lemahnya pengawasan, dan tidak optimalnya sistem yang digunakan. Solusi untuk mengatasi kesenjangan ini mencakup penyusunan SOP yang realistis, edukasi dan pelatihan pengguna, penguatan sistem pengawasan berbasis teknologi, penerapan sanksi yang tegas, serta kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan. Dengan pengelolaan yang lebih baik, institusi pendidikan dapat menjaga barang inventaris tetap terpelihara, mendukung proses pembelajaran secara optimal, dan menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih tertib dan akuntabel.
Penguatan Literasi Digital Mahasiswa PGSD FKIP UAY Pada Mata Kuliah Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Verawati Inuriya
Published: February 2025

Perkembangan kemajuan teknologi telah membuat individu mesti cakap dalam menyikapinya, diperlukan penguatan literasi digital pada mahasiswa untuk lebih meningkatkan kemampuan intensitas penerapan dan pemanfaatan literasi digital dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, mahasiswa perlu mengembangkan diri terkait dengan penggunaan media digital dengan cara mengkaji hal-hal yang telah dibaca, mengkaji lebih mendalam lagi terkait dengan jumlah dan variasi bahan bacaan dan alat peraga berbasis digital serta melakukan penggunaan media sosial yang bijak, mahasiswa lebih memperdalam lagi fungsi dan tujuan media pembelajaran agar nantinya saat menjadi guru memiliki ketrampilan digital dalam membantu para siswa untuk memiliki kemampuan digital yang lebih baik, memiliki kemampuan untuk mengakses, memahami, serta menggunakan media digital, alat-alat komunikasi, dan jaringannya dengan bijak.
Pengaruh Soft Skill dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa STIE Pembangunan Tanjungpinang
Authors: Suniyarti Suniyarti , Armansyah Armansyah , Yani Ahmad , Mu’azamsyah Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh soft skill dan motivasi kerja terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa STIE Pembangunan Tanjungpinang. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah 132 orang mahasiswa prodi akuntansi dan 284 orang dari prodi manajemen. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive random sampling dengan total sampel yaitu 204 orang mahasiswa yang terdiri dari 139 orang mahasiswa prodi manajemen dan 65 orang dari prodi akuntansi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif. Objek penlitian ini adalah mahasiswa STIE Pembangunan Tanjungpinang Program Studi Akuntansi dan Manajemen. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner, studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji kualitas data, uji asumsi kllasik, analisis linier berganda, dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel soft skil berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kesiapan kerja dengan nilai thitung sebesar 2.942 > ttabel yang sebesar 1.971. variabel motivasi kerja berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kesiapan kerja dengan nilai thitung sebesar 6.393 > ttabel yang sebesar 1.971. Variabel soft skill dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kesiapan kerja dengan nilai fhitung 27.500 > ftabel . Sedangkan nilai Adjust R square sebesar 0,207 yaitu atau 20,7%. Sementara sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini. Variabel soft skill dan motivasi kerja secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan meningkatnya soft skill dan motivasi kerja, maka akan meningkatkan kesiapan kerja pada mahasiswa STIE Pembangunan Tanjungpinang.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Iklim Organisasi terhadap Efektivitas Kinerja pada Pegawai Kantor Camat Kecamatan Gunung Kijang
Authors: Amelia Risky , Armansyah Armansyah , Rizki Muhammad , Sihombing Agustinus , Fatahuddin Fatahuddin
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh budaya organisasi dan iklim organisasi terhadap efektivitas kinerja pegawai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif yaitu penelitian yang menekankan pada pengujian teori-teori dan hipotesis-hipotesis melalui pengukuran variabel-variabel penelitian dalam angka (Quantitative). Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh pegawai Kantor Camat Kecamatan Gunung Kijang yang berjumlah 48 pegawai dan yang menjadi sampel 39 pegawai yang telah memenuhi kriteria masa kerja lebih dari tiga tahun. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, hasil uji parsial (uji t) menunjukkan budaya organisasi memiliki nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05,dan nilai thitung 3,836 > ttabel 2,028, iklim organisasi memiliki nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. dan nilai thitung 4,471 > ttabel 2,028, Hasil uji simultan (uji F) menunjukkan budaya organisasi dan iklim organisasi memiliki nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05,dan nilai thitung 72,788 > ttabel 3,26. Dan uji determinasi dengan nilai  adjusted R square sebesar 0,791. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial (Uji t) budaya organisasi berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas kinerja, iklim organisasi berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas kinerja. Hasil uji simultan (Uji F) budaya organisasi dan iklim organisasi berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas kinerja. Dan budaya organisasi dan iklim organisasi memengaruhi efektivitas kinerja sebesar 79,1% dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian ini.
Effects of low, moderate, and high-intensity aquatic exercise on joint edema in induced rat knee arthritis
Authors: Mioto Alline Mardegan , Reis Daniel Fernando dos , Garcia Thiago Alves , Ozaki Guilherme Akio Tamura , Trevisan Iara Buriola , Ribeiro Rodrigo Metzker Pereira , Castoldi Robson Chacon , Camargo Filho José Carlos Silva
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Arthritis has prompted interest in using physical exercise as therapy. This study assesses the effects of low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise on induced arthritis in male Wistar rats. Objective: To evaluate the impact of low-, moderate-, and high-intensity physical exercise on induced arthritis. Methods: Twenty 60-day-old rats were divided into 5 groups: Control Group Arthritis (GCA), Control Group Placebo (GCP), Group Low Physical Activity (GL), Group Moderate Physical Activity (GM), and Group Intense Physical Activity (GI). The physical activity groups received intra-articular injections of Zymosan in the right knee, followed by aquatic activity, swimming with a dorsal load for 30 minutes, 4 times weekly, for five weeks. Exercise intensity varied: GL 1%, GM 5%, GI 15% of body weight. At the end of the 5th week euthanasia was performed, and soleus muscles were histologically. Group comparisons: one-way ANOVA with Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-test, contingent on data homogeneity Levene test. Weight changes: Student’s T-test or ANOVA for repeated measurements, with Bonferroni's post-test for inter-week and first and last-week comparisons within each group. Results: There were no significant differences in inflammatory edema before or after exercise in joint diameter analysis. GI exhibited decreased inflammatory edema in the 3rd week post-activity. GM showed a substantial decrease in the 4th week compared to GL and GI. Post-intervention inflammation did not differ significantly among groups. Conclusion: Varying exercise intensities did not harm any group-induced arthritis in rats.
Parasitic contamination of lettuce: comparison between establishments located in areas with high and low economic values
Authors: Barancelli Gustavo Trentini , Kochenborger Larissa , Brum Fernanda Gracieli Machado , Tonial Fabiana , Forcelini Cassiano Mateus
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Diseases caused by contaminated food are a threat to public health. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a widespread vegetable for human alimentation. Some systematic reviews showed parasitic contamination of lettuce in Brazil. Objective: To evaluate if the economic value of the places where lettuce is bought could be a determinant of parasitic contamination. Methods: We assessed the presence of parasites in the curly lettuces sold in the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil, and compared the frequency of contamination between markets and fruit stores, and between areas with high and low economic values. 130 samples of lettuce from 65 commercial establishments scattered throughout the city were washed with distilled water and analyzed under optical microscopy after 24 hours of spontaneous sedimentation method. Results: Parasitic forms were found in 80% of the samples, namely: ciliated cysts (probable Balantioides coli), larvae of nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides, cestode eggs, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Entamoeba coli, and Fasciola hepatica. Contamination by larvae of nematode was more frequent in fruit stores than in markets (35.9% vs. 19.7%; p=0.039). Areas with high and low economic values had the same frequency of contamination, but there was a trend to higher contamination by cestode eggs in areas with low economic values. Conclusion: This study was the first to show that the frequency of parasitic contamination is not different compared to establishments located in areas of high and low economic values, refuting any common sense that regions of the city with higher income are less exposed to parasitic contamination of food.
The influence of light-emitting diodes and sulfur–silica on the growth, yield, and biochemical content in lettuce Influence of LEDs and sulfur–silica on lettuce
Authors: Slameto Slameto , Fahrudin Danil Eka , Asetya Dimvy Rusefani , Saputra Muhamad Wahyu , Baek Nak-Young , Shin Cheol-Woo , Lee Dong-Kyu , Kang Woo-Won
Published: February 2025

Soilless cultivation with artificial lighting has the potential to augment vegetable crop production, particularly lettuce, but yields are lower compared to natural sunlight, especially in monochromatic light technologies. Research suggests that color blending with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can enhance production, yet many overlook the importance of nutrient management. The use of sulfur–silica fertilizer, known for enhancing plant growth in low-light stress conditions, supports this assertion. The study employed a randomized complete block design with two factors, each repeated four times. The treatments included three LED light colors: white LED (L1), blue LED (L2), and red LED (L3). Two fertilizer treatments were applied: absence of sulfur–silica fertilizer (P1) and presence of sulfur–silica fertilizer (P2). The study finds that optimal growth of lettuce plants is achieved through the utilization of both red and white LED lights, with red LED yielding the highest fresh leaf weight. The red LED treatments outperform other LED colors in terms of protein, carbohydrate, and total energy production. Introducing sulfur–silica fertilizer can promote superior lettuce growth, albeit at the cost of reduced fresh leaf weight. The application of sulfur–silica fertilizer leads to decreased protein and carbohydrate levels but enhances the overall energy content of the lettuce.
Impact of using different ET models in HYDRUS-1D on soil water dynamics and potato crop ET.
Authors:   Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, Ndulue Emeka , Mante Afua ,   Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, Sri Ranjan Ramanathan ,   Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Published: February 2025

Soil water content (SWC) plays a critical role in crop yield, irrigation scheduling, and water resources management. In the Canadian Prairies, the SWC in the rootzone from rainfall is rarely sufficient to satisfy crop water requirements. Thus, an understanding of the soil water dynamics is important for effective water management. Hydrologic modelling helps us to understand the underlying processes controlling and affecting soil water movement and distribution. The reference evapotranspiration (ETref) is a key input in most hydrologic models; thus, the estimation method could affect simulation results and inferences. The FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO PM) is recommended as a standard model. However, it is limited by requiring too many weather variables that are not readily available. Thus, simple empirical ETref models have been developed as an alternative. Soil moisture sensors were installed at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 m depths to measure SWC. SWC was first modelled in a rainfed potato farm in Winkler, Manitoba, using the FAO PM equation as input in the HYDRUS-1D model. Statistical and graphical results showed that the HYDRUS model performed well in simulating SWC with R2 ranging from 0.6 to 0.9, RMSE from 0.003 to 0.03 m3/m3, MAE varying between 0.00932 and 0.0197 m3/m3 and MPE from -1.91 to 1.67%. The impacts of different ETref equations with varying weather inputs on soil water dynamics and seasonal potato crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were further investigated. The results showed that measured SWC and SWC predicted using Irmak, Priestly-Taylor, and the FAO PM equations were not statistically different. Similar results were also obtained for ETc. Hence, under limited data, the Irmak and Priestly – Taylor ETref equations are suitable alternatives that could provide accurate and reliable results for water management in southern Manitoba.
Scrutinized lipid utilization disrupts Amphotericin-B responsiveness in clinical isolates of Leishmania donovani
Authors: Pradhan Supratim , Dhar Dhruba , Manna Debolina , Chakraborty Shubhangi , Bhattacharyya Arkapriya , Chauhan Khushi , Mukherjee Rimi , Sen Abhik , Pandey Krishna , Das Soumen , Mukherjee Budhaditya
Published: February 2025

The management of
Leishmania donova
ni (LD), responsible for fatal visceral leishmaniasis (VL), faces increasing challenges due to rising drug-unresponsiveness, leading to increasing treatment failures. While hypolipidemia characterizes VL, LD, a cholesterol auxotroph, relies on host lipid scavenging for its intracellular survival. The aggressive pathology, in terms of increased organ parasite load, observed in hosts infected with antimony-unresponsive-LD (LD-R) as compared to their sensitive counterparts (LD-S), highlights LD-R’s heightened reliance on host lipids. Here we report that LD-R-infection promotes fluid-phase endocytosis in the host, selectively accumulating neutral lipids while excluding oxidized-LDL. LD-R enhances the fusion of endocytosed LDL- vesicles with its phagolysosomal membrane and inhibits cholesterol mobilization from these vesicles by suppressing NPC-1. This provides LD-R amastigotes with excess lipids, supporting their rapid proliferation and membrane synthesis. This excess LDL-influx leads to an eventual accumulation of neutral lipid droplets around LD-R amastigotes, thereby increasing their unresponsiveness towards Amphotericin-B, a second-line amphiphilic antileishmanial. Notably, VL patients showing relapse with Amphotericin-B treatment exhibited significantly lower serum LDL and cholesterol than cured cases. Treatment with Aspirin, a lipid droplet blocker, reduced lipid droplets around LD-R amastigotes, restoring Amphotericin-B responsiveness.
Intrinsic bioenergetic adaptations compensate for reduced mitochondrial content in HER2-driven mammary tumors
Authors: Frangos Sara M , Brunetta Henver S , Wang Dongdong , Jabile Maria Joy Therese , Ma David WL , Muller William J , Khursigara Cezar M , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey H , Steinberg Gregory R , Holloway Graham P
Published: February 2025

It is now recognized that mitochondria play a crucial role in tumorigenesis, however, it has become clear that tumor metabolism varies significantly between cancer types. The failure of recent clinical trials attempting to directly target tumor respiration with inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation has highlighted the critical need for additional studies comprehensively assessing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Therefore, we systematically assessed the bulk tumor and mitochondrial metabolic phenotype between murine HER2-driven mammary cancer tumors and paired benign mammary tissue. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed that HER2-driven mammary tumors are characterized by a downregulation of mitochondrial genes/proteins compared to benign mammary tissue, including a general downregulation of OXPHOS subunits comprising Complexes I-IV. Despite this observation, mitochondrial respiration supported by both carbohydrate-derived substrates (pyruvate) and lipids (palmitoyl-carnitine) was several-fold higher in HER2-driven tumors which persisted regardless of normalization method (i.e. wet weight, total protein content and when corrected for mitochondrial content). This upregulated respiratory capacity could not be explained by OXPHOS uncoupling; however, several subunits/regulators of Complex V function were not downregulated in the tumors, suggesting possible compensatory effects may contribute to high respiratory rates. Furthermore, tumor mitochondria displayed a smaller and more punctate morphology, aligning with a general reduction in mitochondrial fusion and increase in mitochondrial fission markers, which could contribute to improved OXPHOS efficiency. Together, this data highlights that the typical correlation of mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity may not apply to all tumor types and implicates the activation of mitochondrial respiration supporting tumorigenesis in this model.
Spatial confinement induces reciprocating migration of epidermal keratinocytes and forms triphasic epithelia
Authors: Nohara Takuma , Kumamoto Junichi , Mai Yosuke , Shimano Mayuna , Kato Sora , Kitahata Hiroyuki , Nakamura Hideki , Takashima Shota , Watanabe Mika , Nagayama Masaharu , Oikawa Tsukasa , Ujiie Hideyuki , Natsuga Ken
Published: February 2025

Epithelial cells undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during migration and regain their epithelial phenotype in the post-migration phase (mesenchymal– epithelial transition; MET). We established an experimental system that reproduced three-dimensional triphasic epithelia, i.e., the original epithelium, its EMT, and MET. Keratinocytes (KCs), skin epithelial cells, placed on a microporous membrane migrated through 3.0-µm or larger micropores. The 3.0-µm-pored membrane induced an epithelial structure with three states: stratified KCs above the membrane, KCs showing EMT within the micropores, and a new stratified epithelium under the membrane. The membrane with larger micropores failed to maintain the triphasic epithelia. Live imaging revealed that KCs moved in a reciprocating manner, with actin-rich filopodia-like KC structures extending into and out of the 3.0-µm micropores, while the cells migrated unidirectionally into larger micropores. Piezo1 and keratin 6 were identified as negative modulators of KC entry to and exit from the 3.0-µm micropores. These results demonstrate that non-cancerous epithelial cells migrate through confined spaces in a reciprocating manner, which might help form triphasic epithelia, recapitulating wound healing processes.
Dimeric R25CPTH(1-34) Activates the Parathyroid Hormone-1 Receptor in vitro and Stimulates Bone Formation in Osteoporotic Female Mice
Authors: Noh Minsoo , Che Xiangguo , Jin Xian , Lee Dong-Kyo , Kim Hyun-Ju , Park Doo Ri , Lee Soo Young , Lee Hunsang , Gardella Thomas , Choi Je-Yong , Lee Sihoon
Published: February 2025

Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone density and strength, increases fracture risk, pain, and limits mobility. Established therapies of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs effectively promote bone formation and reduce fractures in severe osteoporosis, their use is limited by potential adverse effects. In the pursuit of safer osteoporosis treatments, we investigated
R25C
PTH, a PTH variant wherein the native arginine at position 25 is substituted by cysteine. These studies were prompted by our finding of high bone mineral density in a hypoparathyroidism patient with the R25C homozygous mutation, and we explored its effects on PTH type-1 receptor (PTH1R) signaling in cells and bone metabolism in mice. Our findings indicate that
R25C
PTH(1–84) forms dimers both intracellularly and extracellularly, and the synthetic dimeric peptide,
R25C
PTH(1–34), exhibits altered activity in PTH1R-mediated cAMP response. Upon a single injection in mice, dimeric
R25C
PTH(1–34) induced acute calcemic and phosphaturic responses comparable to PTH(1–34). Furthermore, repeated daily injections increased calvarial bone thickness in intact mice and improved trabecular and cortical bone parameters in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, akin to PTH(1–34). The overall results reveal a capacity of a dimeric PTH peptide ligand to activate the PTH1R
in vitro
and
in vivo
as PTH, suggesting a potential path of therapeutic PTH analog development.
Endosomal Chemokine Receptor Signalosomes Regulate Central Mechanisms Underlying Cell Migration
Authors: Hahn Hyunggu , Daly Carole , Little John , Perry-Hauser Nicole A , Flores-Espinoza Emmanuel , Inoue Asuka , Plouffe Bianca , Thomsen Alex Rojas Bie
Published: February 2025

Chemokine receptors are GPCRs that regulate chemotactic migration of a wide variety of cells including immune and cancer cells. Most chemokine receptors contain features associated with the ability to stimulate G protein signaling during β-arrestin-mediated receptor internalization into endosomes. As endosomal signaling of certain non-GPCR receptors plays a major role in cell migration, we chose to investigate the potential role of endosomal chemokine receptor signaling on mechanisms governing this function. Applying a combination of pharmacological and cell biological approaches, we demonstrate that the model chemokine receptor CCR7 recruits G protein and β-arrestin simultaneously upon chemokine stimulation, which enables internalized receptors to activate G protein from endosomes. Furthermore, spatiotemporal-resolved APEX2 proteome profiling shows that endosomal CCR7 uniquely enriches specific Rho GTPase regulators as compared to plasma membrane CCR7, which is directly associated with enhanced activity of the Rho GTPase Rac1 and chemotaxis of immune T cells. As Rac1 drives the formation of membrane protrusions during chemotaxis, our findings suggest an important integrated function of endosomal chemokine receptor signaling in cell migration.
Radiological Findings in a Case of Internal Jugular Vein Duplication Associated with Thyroid Hemiagenesis
Authors: Ghosh Dibendu , Daniel Gaurav , Anandi S , Narayan SH Ashok , Bandyopadhyay Debasis
Published: February 2025

The Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) is the principal vein draining blood from either side of the head and neck region towards the heart. The thyroid gland, one of the endocrine glands in the body, lies in close proximity to the IJV and is drained by its tributaries. One variation of the IJV, in the form of duplication, can be traced embryologically during the development of the cardinal veins. The present case discusses the findings from Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT), which show the duplication of the IJV accompanied by contralateral hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland. The embryological basis for these variations needs to be highlighted separately. Duplication of the IJV is hypothesised based on several theories, including venous, neuronal and bony factors. The agenesis of the thyroid gland is noted during the lobulisation phase of its development. Identifying such variations is crucial to differentiate them from other surgical and radiological pathologies. During invasive therapeutic and diagnostic procedures in the head and neck region, these superficial structures are frequently encountered. Therefore, knowledge of the various variations and anomalies of these vital structures plays a pivotal role in planning for both emergency and elective procedures in the head and neck region. In modern medicine, this case contributes to the rare instances that can be encountered during routine practice.
Studies on Analysis of Correlation Coefficient and Path Coefficient for Certain Quantitative Traits in Fieldpea (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense)
Authors: Umesh  , Singh Alok Kumar , Lal Kanhaiya , Tripathi Sachhidanand , Kumar Abhishek , Singh Vishal , Pandey Anurag , Singh Abhay , Yadav Deepak
Published: February 2025

The experiment was conducted with twenty-two (22) genotypes of fieldpea including four (4) checks in Randomized Block Design with three replications at the experimental farm of department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical and Social Sciences Sultanpur 228118 (U.P.) India, during Rabi, season 2022-2023. Phenotypic data were recorded for nine characters viz. Days to 50% flowering, Plant height, Branches per plant, Number of pods per plant, Days to maturity, Harvest index, 100-seed weight, Biological yield per plant and Grain yield per plant. It was expressed in general Correlation coefficient, provide an indication of the type and extent of the relationship between yield and yield contributing components by measuring the magnitude of linear relationships between two variables and path coefficient analysis partitions the observed correlation coefficient into direct and indirect effects on grain yield. The maximum value of highly significant positive genotypic correlation was observed for days to 50% flowering with days to maturity (0.88), biological yield per plant with grain yield per plant (0.84), number of branches per plant with 100-seed weight (0.84) respectively. The high direct positive genotypic effect on grain yield per plant were exerted by days to 50 % flowering (0.78) followed by biological yield per plant (0.40). The very high indirect positive genotypic effects on grain yield per plant by harvest index via biological yield per plant (1.47). Correlation coefficient gives an indication of the type and degree of the relationship between yield and yield contributing traits by measuring the magnitude of linear relationship between two variables, that’s why it leads us in selection of yield and other desirable characteristics of plant in crop improvement program and path analysis has emerged as an important and widely used technique for understanding the direction of contribution of traits on grain yield. It contributes either directly or indirectly to the total grain yield of the plant and this technique provides information to breeders for selection of yield contributing traits for improvement of crop in plant breeding.
Exploring the Dynamics of Genetic Parameters: Genetic Variability, Heritability and Character Association in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: H. M. Sachin kumar , B. M. Dushyantha Kumar , S. L. Krishnamurthy , Pattanashetti Santosh K. , G. K. Girijesh , Halingali Basavaraj I
Published: February 2025

The present study was conducted to quantify the genetic variability present in a population and to assess the association among the traits at the Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India. The experimental material comprised ninety rice germplasm evaluated in Kharif 2019 using augmented RCBD design with five blocks and five checks. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares (MSS) attributed to genotypes is significant (P <= 0.01) for all the characters examined. The germplasm lines were highly variable for traits like numbers of tillers per plant, numbers of productive tillers per plant and decorticated grain length and breadth ratio whereas the trait days to heading recorded low genetic variability and remaining traits manifested moderate genetic variability. In the present study, all traits exhibited high heritability. Genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) spanned around 19.32 percent (days to heading) to 49.78 percent (number of tillers per plant). Grain yield in rice had a positive, significant correlation with the number of tillers per plant (0.31**) and the number of productive tillers per plant (0.35**), while other characters had non-significant correlations. Meanwhile, plant height had a negative correlation with the number of tillers per plant and the number of productive tillers per plant. The germplasm population exhibited adequate variation for studied traits. These variants can be effectively utilized in future breeding programs based on need but breeders should emphasize on attributing traits while dealing with dependent trait.
Late Diagnosis of Mesiodens and its Relationship with Functional Disorders: A Case Report
Authors: Hirata Francielle Carneiro , Vanolli Rafael da Silva , Roman Amanda Piana , Dolla Adriana , Pereira Gabrielle de Andrade , Silva Dayane Cristina da , Barreto Beatriz de Paula
Published: February 2025

Aims: To understand the set of factors leading to functional disturbances in the dental arch due to a late diagnosis of the mesiodens anomaly.
Study Design: Late diagnosis of mesiodens and its relationship with functional disturbances: A case report.
Place and Duration of Study: The study will be conducted as a clinical case report. The patient was treated at the dental clinic of Centro Universitário Univel, located in Cascavel, Paraná. The procedure was performed in September 2023 at the same clinic. Data were collected during the patient's initial consultation, with a scheduled semiannual follow-up.
Methodology: The methodology applied includes clinical evaluation of the patient, including a detailed dental examination to identify the presence of Mesiodens and any associated disturbances in the dental arch. Radiographic assessments (periapical and panoramic radiographs) were conducted to better analyze the dental structures and ensure proper diagnosis. Based on the clinical and radiographic findings, a surgical approach was planned and performed. Post-surgical follow-up was established to monitor functional recovery and aesthetic outcomes.
Results: The patient presented with a Mesiodens in the anterior maxillary region, erupterd in the mixed dentition stage. A thorough evaluation of adjacent dental structures revealed no significant damage. The surgical procedure for Mesiodens removal was carried out, and after seven days, the patient showed good healing with no complications. Follow-up after 7 months demonstrated a significant reduction in the diastema, attributed to the patient's stage of mixed dentition with the eruption of permanent teeth. Additionally, there was an observed improvement in the patient's occlusion, with better alignment of the teeth, leading to enhanced aesthetics and functionality.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and intervention for Mesiodens are critical in preventing functional disturbances in the dental arch. The surgical removal of Mesiodens can result in significant improvements in both esthetic and functional outcomes. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of Mesiodens and the optimal timing for intervention.