bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bi‐exponential 23Na T2* component analysis in the human brain
Authors: Riemer Frank , Solanky Bhavana S. , Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A.M. , Golay Xavier
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to measure the sodium transverse relaxation time T2* in the healthy human brain. Five healthy subjects were scanned with 18 echo times (TEs) as short as 0.17 ms. T2* values were fitted on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis using a bi‐exponential model. Data were also analysed using a continuous distribution fit with a region of interest‐based inverse Laplace transform. Average T2* values were 3.4 ± 0.2 ms and 23.5 ± 1.8 ms in white matter (WM) for the short and long components, respectively, and 3.9 ± 0.5 ms and 26.3 ± 2.6 ms in grey matter (GM) for the short and long components, respectively, using the bi‐exponential model. Continuous distribution fits yielded results of 3.1 ± 0.3 ms and 18.8 ± 3.2 ms in WM for the short and long components, respectively, and 2.9 ± 0.4 ms and 17.2 ± 2 ms in GM for the short and long components, respectively. 23Na T2* values of the brain for the short and long components for various anatomical locations using ultra‐short TEs are presented for the first time.
Introduction. The Interweaving of Vital and Technical Processes in Oceania
Authors: Coupaye Ludovic , Pitrou Perig
Published: February 2018

Among the diversity of theoretical options applied to study life from an anthropological standpoint, we suggest that it is relevant to use the concepts and methods of the anthropology of technique. In addition to the issue of the relation between living beings – that works on animism or multispecies ethnography aptly tackle – we suggest investigating life as a process of production and the many kinds of interweaving of vital and technical processes. The aim of this dossier is, then, to propose some examples of the insights that this global framework – dealing with life as animation and as fabrication – can bring for the analysis of Pacific ethnographical materials.
Nanosonosensitization by Using Copper–Cysteamine Nanoparticles Augmented Sonodynamic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wang Pan , Wang Xiao , Ma Lun , Sahi Sunil , Li Li , Wang Xiaobing , Wang Qingqing , Chen Yujiao , Chen Wei , Liu Quanhong
Published: February 2018

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a newly emerging and promising modality for cancer treatment, has been extensively investigated but with limited therapeutic outcome because of the absence of highly efficient sonosensitizer. Copper–cysteamine (Cu–Cy), as a new sensitizer, has been reported for oxidative therapy which can be activated with light, X‐ray, or microwave. Herein, for the first time, Cu–Cy nanoparticles are reported as new sonosensitizers for SDT on breast cancer treatment. Upon exposure of Cu–Cy nanoparticles to ultrasound, a large quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated for cancer cell destruction with a high SDT efficiency to induce cell apoptosis and necrosis as observed in vitro. In vivo animal studies show a significant inhibition of tumor growth for the xenografts of 4T1 cancer cells with the combination of 0.75 mg kg−1 Cu–Cy and ultrasound. Overall, the preliminary results show that Cu–Cy nanoparticles can significantly augment the levels of ROS induced by ultrasound, demonstrating Cu–Cy is a new kind of efficient sonosensitzers for SDT applications. Such therapeutic platform by integrating a noninvasive, highly safe, deep‐penetration ultrasound modality. and quickly developed versatile nanosensitizers for tumor eradication will facilitate SDT future clinical translation.
Astragaloside IV inhibits TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB pathway in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Jihong , Wen Ke
Published: February 2018

Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV) has been reported to possess anti‐metastasis activity in cancer cells. However, it is unknown whether AS‐IV could inhibit epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular de‐differentiation program that promotes metastasis, in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to study the effect and mechanism of AS‐IV on EMT in gastric cancer (GC) cells. The results showed that AS‐IV significantly inhibited cell viability, invasion, and migration of GC cells. The E‐cadherin to N‐cadherin switch and expression of Vimentin and metastasis‐related genes were induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), whereas AS‐IV reversed the induction. In addition, AS‐IV inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced activation of PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB pathway reversed TGF‐β1‐induced EMT. In conclusion, AS‐IV inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced EMT through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB pathway in GC cells. AS‐IV might be an effective candidate for the treatment for GC.
A Facile and Green Approach for One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinolines and Spiro Chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinolines by Using Molecular Iodine as a Catalyst
Authors: Khan M. Musawwer , Saigal  , Khan Sarfaraz , Shareef Sumbulunnisan , Hussain Sahid
Published: February 2018

Simple, one‐pot and green synthetic method has been developed for the synthesis of highly substituted chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinoline and spiro chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinoline derivatives. The synthesis of diverse chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinolines and spiro chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinolines were achieved from 3‐aminocoumarins, cyclic1,3‐diketones and aromatic aldehydes or isatins in ethanol under reflux condition. Simple filtration without any tedious chromatographic separation, good to excellent yields, shorter reaction time, an inexpensive and environmentally benign catalyst are some key features of this protocol.
Reliability of sonographic measurements of endothelial function: Flow‐mediated dilation, blood flow velocity, resistive and pulsatility indices
Authors: Maranna Sandhya , Hill Alison , Fairlie‐Jones Lucy , Osborne Brooke , Davison Kade
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Several established and emerging sonographic measurements of vascular health are used in clinical practice and research. The aim of this study was to compare inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability of baseline, post‐cuff‐release and percentage change of brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD); flow velocity; resistive index (RI); and pulsatility index (PI).

Methods

Healthy, older (45–70 years), overweight (body mass index 27–32 kg/m2) adults were sonographically assessed for arterial diameter, flow velocity and Doppler indices before and after transient ischaemia. Repeat scans were performed by either one rater (n = 10) or two different raters (n = 6) to assess reliability with intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results

Intra‐class correlation coefficients for intra‐rater reliability were highest for baseline diameter (0.97) and post‐cuff‐release diameter (0.96) but lowest for FMD (0.04). For inter‐rater reliability, ICC for baseline diameter was high (0.93). ICCs for intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability for percentage change in velocity, percentage change in RI and percentage change in PI were similar.

Conclusion

Resistive index and PI showed better post‐occlusion reliability than the more common measures of FMD or peak velocity and warrants further investigation.
Behavior and Reproductive Ecology of the Sicklefin Redhorse: An Imperiled Southern Appalachian Mountain Fish
Authors: Favrot Scott D. , Kwak Thomas J.
Published: February 2018

Many nongame fishes are poorly understood but are essential to maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems globally. The undescribed Sicklefin RedhorseMoxostomasp. is a rare, imperiled, nongame fish endemic to two southern Appalachian Mountain river basins. Little is known of its behavior and ecology, but this information is urgently needed for conservation planning. We assessed the spatial and temporal bounds of spawning migration, quantified seasonal weekly movement patterns, and characterized seasonal and spawning behavior using radiotelemetry and weir sampling in the Hiwassee River basin, North Carolina–Georgia, during 2006 and 2007. Hiwassee River tributaries were occupied predominantly during the fish's spawning season, lower reaches of the tributaries and the Hiwassee River were primarily occupied during the postspawning season (i.e., summer and fall), and lower lotic reaches of Hiwassee River (upstream from Hiwassee Lake) were occupied during winter. Adults occupied Hiwassee Lake only as a movement corridor during spawning migrations. Both sexes conducted upstream spawning migrations simultaneously, but males occupied spawning tributaries longer than females. Sicklefin Redhorse exhibited interannual spawning‐area and tributary fidelity. Cold water temperatures associated with hypolimnetic releases from reservoirs and meteorological conditions influenced spawning migration distance and timing. During 2007, decreased discharges during the spawning season were associated with decreases in migration distance and spawning tributary occupancy duration. Foraging was the dominant behavior observed annually, followed by reproductive behaviors (courting and spawning) during the spawning season. No agonistic reproductive behavior was observed, but females exhibited a repetitious postspawning digging behavior that may be unique in the family Catostomidae. Our findings suggest that protection and restoration of river continuity, natural flow regimes, seasonally appropriate water temperatures, and geographic range expansion are critical components to include in Sicklefin Redhorse conservation planning. Fisheries and ecosystem managers can use our findings to justify sensitive management decisions that conserve and restore critical streams and rivers occupied by this imperiled species.
Expansion of Northern Snakehead in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Authors: Love Joseph W. , Newhard Joshua J.
Published: February 2018

Northern Snakehead Channa argus, a nonnative species to North America, was discovered in 2004 in tidal freshwater of the Potomac River, the second largest drainage of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Since then Northern Snakehead has expanded its range throughout much of Maryland's portion of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. We estimated that the species has spread beyond its introduced range at a rate of about 2.7 subwatersheds per year. If that rate is maintained, the species will have spread its range throughout the entire watershed in 52 years. This rate has been consistent over time except for short periods of heightened expansion that followed an introduction of snakeheads into Delaware waters and in years with greater levels of spring precipitation. The expansion by Northern Snakehead is more widespread than that of other invasive fishes of Maryland's portion of the Chesapeake Bay, which include Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus and Flathead Catfish Pylodictus olivaris. Attempts to control the spread of the species have included public education, incentives for harvest, agency surveys, and law enforcement. The rapid natural and human‐aided expansion of Northern Snakehead throughout the country's largest estuary highlights the importance of laws that prevent live possession and importation of this species.
Correction to: Synthetic biology, genome mining, and combinatorial biosynthesis of NRPS‑derived antibiotics: a perspective
Authors: Baltz Richard H
Published: February 2018

The original article can be found online at .
A Graph Theory-Based Automated Twin Recognition Technique for Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis
Authors: Pradalier Cédric , Juan Pierre-Alexandre , McCabe Rodney J. , Capolungo Laurent
Published: February 2018

The present article introduces a new software, Microstructure Evaluation Tool for Interface Statistics (METIS), that performs high-throughput microstructure statistical analysis from electron backscatter diffraction maps. Emphasis is placed on the detection of twin domains in hexagonal close-packed metals. The numerical framework on which METIS is built leverages graph theory, group structures, and associated numerical algorithms to automatically detect twins and unravel both their intrinsic characteristics features and those pertaining to their interactions. The proposed graphical interface allows for the detection and correction of unlikely twin/parent associations rendering the approach applicable to highly deformed microstructures. Twin statistics and microstructural data are classified and saved in a relational database that can be interrogated via either GUI or SQL requests to reveal a wide spectrum of features of the microstructure. Illustration of the approach is performed in the case of zirconium.
Reconstrução de membro inferior – retalho fasciocutâneo sural
Authors: Severo Antonio Lourenco , Coppi Eduardo Felipe Mandarino , Cavalheiro Haiana Lopes , Bosco Alexandre Luiz Dal , Filho Danilo Barreto , Lemos Marcelo Barreto
Published: February 2018

Objetivo Avaliar o uso do retalho fasciocutâneo sural de fluxo reverso na cobertura de lesões no terço distal dos membros inferiores.

Métodos Foram analisados 24 casos, 20 de origem traumática, três por lesões esportivas e um por ressecção de lesão tumoral.

Resultados Dos 24 prontuários avaliados, 16 eram homens e oito mulheres. A idade variou de seis a 75 anos. A maioria dos pacientes evoluiu com cicatrização total do retalho (21). Houve apenas um caso de necrose total do retalho em paciente diabético insulinodependente e hipertenso, evoluiu para posterior amputação do membro. Em dois casos, houve necrose parcial com posterior cicatrização por segunda intenção, um desses pacientes era tabagista pesado. As complicações foram associadas às comorbidades e, ao contrário do evidenciado por outros estudos, não houve correlação com a curva de aprendizado. Também não houve correlação com o local ou o tamanho da lesão a ser coberta.

Conclusão Tem-se como relevância clinica que a técnica de retalho fasciocutâneo sural de fluxo reverso usada obteve 87,5% de sucesso, é uma opção viável e eficaz no arsenal terapêutico das lesões complexas dos membros inferiores.
Confiabilidade das classificações artroscópicas das lesões condrais do quadril
Authors: Barros Antônio Augusto Guimarães , Vassalo Carlos César , Costa Lincoln Paiva , Gómez-Hoyos Juan , Paganini Vinícius de Oliveira , Andrade Marco Antônio Percope de
Published: February 2018

Objetivo Avaliar a confiabilidade inter- e intraobservador das classificações de Outerbridge, Beck e Haddad para lesões da cartilagem articular acetabular com o uso da via artroscópica.

Métodos Foram avaliados 60 vídeos de artroscopias do quadril por 4 cirurgiões em 2 momentos para avaliar a reprodutibilidade inter- e intraobservador das classificações. Os dados foram analisados a partir do cálculo do índice Kappa de Cohen ponderado.

Resultados Os valores do Kappa ponderado médio na avaliação interobservador das classificações de Outerbridge, Beck e Haddad foram, respectivamente, 0,72, 0,78 e 0,68. As três classificações foram consideradas como de boa concordância interobservador. Com relação à avaliação intraobservador das classificações de Outerbridge, Beck e Haddad, os valores Kappa foram, respectivamente, 0,9, 0,9 e 0,93. As três classificações foram consideradas excelentes na comparação intraobservador.

Conclusão Na presente série, as classificações de Outerbridge, Beck e Haddad apresentaram boa reprodutibilidade interobservador e excelente reprodutibilidade intraobservador ao avaliar lesões condrais acetabulares por via artroscópica.
Three-dimensional stability analysis for a salt-finger convecting layer
Authors: Chang Ting-Yueh , Chen Falin , Chang Min-Hsing
Published: February 2018

A three-dimensional linear stability analysis is carried out for a convecting layer in which both the temperature and solute distributions are linear in the horizontal direction. The three-dimensional results show that, for $Le=3$ and 100, the most unstable mode occurs invariably as the longitudinal mode, a vortex roll with its axis perpendicular to the longitudinal plane, suggesting that the two-dimensional results are sufficient to illustrate the stability characteristics of the convecting layer. Two-dimensional results show that the stability boundaries of the transverse mode (a vortex roll with its axis perpendicular to the transverse plane) and the longitudinal modes are virtually overlapped in the regime dominated by thermal diffusion and the regime dominated by solute diffusion, while these two modes hold a significant difference in the regime the salt-finger instability prevails. More precisely, the instability area in terms of thermal Grashof number $Gr$ and solute Grashof number $Gs$ is larger for the longitudinal mode than the transverse mode, implying that, under any circumstance, the longitudinal mode is always more unstable than the transverse mode.
Damping of quasi-two-dimensional internal wave attractors by rigid-wall friction
Authors: Beckebanze F. , Brouzet C. , Sibgatullin I. N. , Maas L. R. M.
Published: February 2018

The reflection of internal gravity waves at sloping boundaries leads to focusing or defocusing. In closed domains, focusing typically dominates and projects the wave energy onto ‘wave attractors’. For small-amplitude internal waves, the projection of energy onto higher wavenumbers by geometric focusing can be balanced by viscous dissipation at high wavenumbers. Contrary to what was previously suggested, viscous dissipation in interior shear layers may not be sufficient to explain the experiments on wave attractors in the classical quasi-two-dimensional trapezoidal laboratory set-ups. Applying standard boundary layer theory, we provide an elaborate description of the viscous dissipation in the interior shear layer, as well as at the rigid boundaries. Our analysis shows that even if the thin lateral Stokes boundary layers consist of no more than 1 % of the wall-to-wall distance, dissipation by lateral walls dominates at intermediate wave numbers. Our extended model for the spectrum of three-dimensional wave attractors in equilibrium closes the gap between observations and theory by Hazewinkel et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 598, 2008, pp. 373–382).
Meridional dynamics of grounded abyssal water masses on a sloping bottom in a mid-latitude -plane
Authors: Swaters Gordon E.
Published: February 2018

Observations, numerical simulations and theoretical scaling arguments suggest that in mid-latitudes, away from the source regions and the equator, the meridional transport of abyssal water masses along a continental slope corresponds to planetary geostrophic flows that are gravity- or density-driven and topographically steered. We investigate these dynamics using a nonlinear reduced-gravity model that can describe grounded abyssal meridional flow over sloping topography that crosses the planetary vorticity gradient. Exact nonlinear steady and time-dependent solutions are obtained. The general steady theory is illustrated for a non-parallel equatorward flow that possesses a single along-slope grounding along the upslope flank of the current (complementing previous work). Four specific nonlinear time-dependent solutions are described. Two initial-value problems are solved exactly. The first initial configuration corresponds to an equatorward abyssal flow that has no cross-slope shear in the along-slope velocity and possesses a single grounding along the upslope flank of the current. The nonlinear time-dependent evolution of this initial current into a non-parallel shear flow is described. The second initial condition corresponds to an isolated radially symmetric grounded abyssal pool or dome. The nonlinear time-dependent evolution of this abyssal dome, which propagates equatorward with unsteady along- and cross-slope velocities while deforming into an elliptically shaped abyssal dome with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-induced diminishing height, is described. Finally, the nonlinear time-dependent boundary-value problem can be solved exactly in which the in-flow boundary condition on the poleward boundary of the mid-latitude domain corresponds to a time-dependent abyssal current with both an upslope and downslope grounding. Two specific time-dependent boundary conditions are examined. The first corresponds to a time-limited surge in the equatorward volume transport in the abyssal current along the poleward boundary. The second configuration corresponds to the nonlinear evolution of a finite-amplitude downslope plume or loop that forms in the abyssal current that is reminiscent of those seen in baroclinic instability simulations.
Succeeded Foundation Effect of Stretched Gate and SiGe Array Diffusion Zones on Film-Type Strained Silicon pMOSFETs
Authors: Lee C. C. , Hsieh C. P.
Published: February 2018

It has demonstrated to exploit various layout effects of advanced strained engineering to enhanced the performance of nano-scaled transistors. In actual fabrications, the gate framework usually protrudes out to the channel area even over the spuriously diffused active region, over the soft shallow trench isolation region. The foregoing device feature is interesting and critical when enhancing and managing mobility gain are taken into account by used mechanics and induced strained silicon technology in narrow scale channel widths devices. Thus, a silicon-based 22 nm p-type MOSFET combined stressors of a source/drain Si75Ge25 alloy and a -2 GPa compressive contact etch stop layer with different protrudent gate widths to investigate this issue. The fabricated oriented stress simulation extracted stress component within the device channel to estimate and analyze the performance of mobility gain and stress contours for the concerned nanoscale device.
VLBI Observations of Southern Gamma-Ray Sources. III
Authors: Edwards P. G. , Ojha R. , Dodson R. , Lovell J. E. J. , Reynolds J. E. , Tzioumis A. K. , Quick J. , Nicolson G. , Tingay S. J.
Published: February 2018

We report the results of Long Baseline Array observations made in 2001 of ten southern sources proposed by Mattox et al. as counterparts to EGRET >100 MeV gamma-ray sources. Source structures are compared with published data where available and possible superluminal motions identified in several cases. The associations are examined in the light of Fermi observations, indicating that the confirmed counterparts tend to have radio properties consistent with other identifications, including flat radio spectral index, high brightness temperature, greater radio variability, and higher core dominance.
SkyMapper Southern Survey: First Data Release (DR1)
Authors: Wolf Christian , Onken Christopher A. , Luvaul Lance C. , Schmidt Brian P. , Bessell Michael S. , Chang Seo-Won , Da Costa Gary S. , Mackey Dougal , Martin-Jones Tony , Murphy Simon J. , Preston Tim , Scalzo Richard A. , Shao Li , Smillie Jon , Tisserand Patrick , White Marc C. , Yuan Fang
Published: February 2018

We present the first data release of the SkyMapper Southern Survey, a hemispheric survey carried out with the SkyMapper Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. Here, we present the survey strategy, data processing, catalogue construction, and database schema. The first data release dataset includes over 66 000 images from the Shallow Survey component, covering an area of 17 200 deg2 in all six SkyMapper passbands uvgriz, while the full area covered by any passband exceeds 20 000 deg2. The catalogues contain over 285 million unique astrophysical objects, complete to roughly 18 mag in all bands. We compare our griz point-source photometry with Pan-STARRS1 first data release and note an RMS scatter of 2%. The internal reproducibility of SkyMapper photometry is on the order of 1%. Astrometric precision is better than 0.2 arcsec based on comparison with Gaia first data release. We describe the end-user database, through which data are presented to the world community, and provide some illustrative science queries.
Domestic Colonies in Canada: Rethinking the Definition of Colony
Authors: Arneil Barbara
Published: February 2018

What is a colony? In this article, I reconsider the meaning of colony in light of the existence of domestic colonies in Canada around the turn of the twentieth century. The two case studies examined are farm colonies for the mentally disabled and ill in Ontario and British Columbia and utopian colonies for Doukhobors in Saskatchewan. I show how both kinds of colonies are characterized by the same three principles found in Lockean settler colonialism: segregation, agrarian labour on uncultivated soil and improvement/cultivation of people and land. Defining “colony” in this way is theoretically interesting as it is different from the definition found in most dictionaries and post-colonial scholarship. There is also an inherent contradiction within domestic colonies as they both support state power over indigenous peoples, Doukhobors and the mentally ill and disabled but also challenge the principles of domination, individualism, private property and sovereignty upon which the Canadian settler state was founded.
Non-Negative Curvature, Elliptic Genus and Unbounded Pontryagin Numbers
Authors: Herrmann Martin , Weisskopf Nicolas
Published: February 2018

We discuss the cobordism type of spin manifolds with non-negative sectional curvature. We show that in each dimension 4k⩾ 12, there are infinitely many cobordism types of simply connected and non-negatively curved spin manifolds. Moreover, we raise and analyse a question about possible cobordism obstructions to non-negative curvature.
Mustard and cumin seeds improve feed utilisation, milk production and milk fatty acids of Damascus goats
Authors: Morsy Tarek A , Kholif Ahmed E , Matloup Osama H , Abu Elella Amgad , Anele Uchenna Y , Caton Joel S
Published: February 2018

The experiments reported in this Research Paper aimed to study the effects of mustard and cumin seeds inclusion on feed utilisation, milk production, composition, and profile of milk fatty acids in lactating Damascus goats. The study was a completely randomised design with repeated measurements in time using fifteen goats (6 ± 2 d of lactation) divided into 3 treatments (5 goats per treatment). Goats were offered a control diet of berseem clover and concentrates (1 : 1 dry matter (DM) basis) or the control diet supplemented with either 10 g/d of dried mustard seeds (mustard treatment) or 10 g/d of cumin seeds (cumin treatment) for 12 weeks. Treatments had no effect (P >0·05) on feed intake, but enhanced (P <0·05) digestibility of DM, organic matter, non-structural carbohydrates, and fibre fractions. Digestibility was greater (P <0·001) with cumin treatment compared with mustard treatment. Mustard and cumin seeds had greater (P <0·05) ruminal total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, and molar proportion of propionate, with greater (P <0·001) SCFA production for cuminvs.mustard treatment. Mustard and cumin seeds increased (P <0·05) concentrations of serum total proteins, globulin, and glucose and lowered (P <0·05) serum cholesterol concentration. Mustard and cumin seeds inclusion elevated milk production (P= 0·007), while cumin increased milk contents (P <0·05) of fat and lactose. Cumin treatment lowered (P <0·05) milk saturated fatty acids (SFA) and had greater total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents. Overall, supplementing diets of Damascus goats with mustard or cumin seeds at 10 g/daily enhanced feed digestion, ruminal fermentation, milk yield (actual production by 6·8 and 11·1%, and energy corrected milk yield by 10·1 and 15·4%, respectively) and positively modified milk fatty acid profile with a 3·9% decrease in milk individual and total SFA, and an increase in individual and total UFA by about 9·7%, and total CLA by about 23·1%.
MtDNA allows the sensitive detection and haplotyping of the crayfish plague disease agentAphanomyces astacishowing clues about its origin and migration
Authors: Makkonen Jenny , Jussila Japo , Panteleit Jörn , Keller Nina Sophie , Schrimpf Anne , Theissinger Kathrin , Kortet Raine , Martín-Torrijos Laura , Sandoval-Sierra Jose Vladimir , Diéguez-Uribeondo Javier , Kokko Harri
Published: February 2018

The oomyceteAphanomyces astaci, the causative agent of crayfish plague, is listed as one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world, destroying the native crayfish populations throughout Eurasia. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of selected mitochondrial (mt) genes to track the diversity of the crayfish plague pathogenA. astaci. Two sets of primers were developed to amplify the mtDNA of ribosomal rnnS and rnnL subunits. We confirmed two main lineages, with four different haplogroups and five haplotypes among 27 studiedA. astacistrains. The haplogroups detected were (1) the A-haplogroup with the a-haplotype strains originating fromOrconectessp.,Pacifastacus leniusculusandAstacus astacus; (2) the B-haplogroup with the b-haplotype strains originating from theP. leniusculus; (3) the D-haplogroup with the d1 and d2-haplotypes strains originating fromProcambarus clarkii; and (4) the E-haplogroup with the e-haplotype strains originating from theOrconectes limosus. The described markers are stable and reliable and the results are easily repeatable in different laboratories. The present method has high applicability as it allows the detection and characterization of theA. astacihaplotype in acute disease outbreaks in the wild, directly from the infected crayfish tissue samples.
An International Law Approach to Food Regime Theory
Authors: SAAB ANNE
Published: February 2018

Hunger and food insecurity are viewed as global problems, requiring global responses. Even though there is no distinct field of ‘international food law’, many areas of international law in some way deal with issues related to global hunger and food insecurity. Hunger and food insecurity are immensely complex problems that cannot possibly be understood and addressed through an inherently limited disciplinary perspective. This article argues that food regime theory – an analytical tool developed and used mostly in the field of sociology – can provide a useful means through which to better lay bare the role of international law in constituting global food relations. If international lawyers are serious about contributing to reducing global hunger and realizing food security, it is imperative to situate international law and its specialized fields within the broader political economy of food.
Tackling the urban housing problem in the Irish Free State, 1922–1940
Authors: MCMANUS RUTH
Published: February 2018

At its inception, the Irish Free State faced an apparently intractable housing problem that required immediate action. This article examines the legislation enacted in the 1920s and 1930s, focusing on its impact on local authority housing in Ireland's provincial towns. Whereas the 1932 Housing Act has generally been heralded as the start of a concerted attack on the slums, this assertion is re-evaluated in the context of the debates of the 1920s. Following an overview of the national situation, a case-study of Ballina, Co. Mayo, explores the impacts of the housing drive. State-aided housing schemes made a significant contribution to the housing stock between 1923 and 1940. Although characterized by contemporary media as a triumph, however, the housing drive raised many issues including build quality, costs, opposition and social segregation. The article considers some of these challenges and raises a number of questions for future consideration.
What factors may contribute to sex differences in childhood obesity prevalence in China?
Authors: Wang Vivian HC , Min Jungwon , Xue Hong , Du Shufa , Xu Fei , Wang Huijun , Wang Youfa
Published: February 2018

Objective

Previous studies in China showed large sex differences in childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB) rates. However, limited research has examined the cause of these sex differences. The present study aimed to examine individual and parental/familial factors associated with sex differences in childhood OW/OB rates in China.

Design

Variables associated with child weight status, beliefs and behaviours, and obesity-related parenting practices were selected to examine their sex differences and association with a sex difference in child OW/OB outcomes using logistic regression analysis.

Setting

Cross-sectional data analysis using the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Subjects

Children aged 6–17 years (n 1544) and their parents.

Results

Overall child OW/OB prevalence was 16·8 %. Adolescent boys (AB; 12–17 years) were about twice as likely to be overweight/obese as adolescent girls (AG; 15·5 v. 8·4 %, P<0·05). AB more likely had energy intake exceeding recommendations, self-perceived underweight, underestimated their body weight and were satisfied with their physical activity level than AG. AG more likely practised weight-loss management through diet and self-perceived overweight than AB. Mothers more likely identified AG’s weight accurately but underestimated AB’s weight. Stronger associations with risk of childhood OW/OB were found in boys than girls in dieting to lose weight (OR=6·7 in boys v. 2·6 in girls) and combined maternal and child perception of the child’s overweight (OR=35·4 in boys v. 14·2 in girls).

Conclusions

Large sex differences in childhood obesity may be related to the sex disparities in weight-related beliefs and behaviours among children and their parents in China.
IGF-I induced phosphorylation of PTH receptor enhances osteoblast to osteocyte transition
Authors: Qiu Tao , Crane Janet L. , Xie Liang , Xian Lingling , Xie Hui , Cao Xu
Published: February 2018

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates bone remodeling by activating PTH type 1 receptor (PTH1R) in osteoblasts/osteocytes. Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) stimulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts. However, little is known about the signaling mechanisms that regulates the osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition. Here we report that PTH and IGF-I synergistically enhance osteoblast-to-osteocyte differentiation. We identified that a specific tyrosine residue, Y494, on the cytoplasmic domain of PTH1R can be phosphorylated by insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF1R) in vitro. Phosphorylated PTH1R localized to the barbed ends of actin filaments and increased actin polymerization during morphological change of osteoblasts into osteocytes. Disruption of the phosphorylation site reduced actin polymerization and dendrite length. Mouse models with conditional ablation of PTH1R in osteoblasts demonstrated a reduction in the number of osteoctyes and dendrites per osteocyte, with complete overlap of PTH1R with phosphorylated-PTH1R positioning in osteocyte dendrites in wild-type mice. Thus, our findings reveal a novel signaling mechanism that enhances osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition by direct phosphorylation of PTH1R by IGF1R.
SLC2A5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell growth and metastasis by enhancing fructose utilization
Authors: Weng Yuanyuan , Fan Xueyu , Bai Yongfeng , Wang Siwei , Huang Hui , Yang Huimin , Zhu Jin , Zhang Feng
Published: February 2018

The metabolism of cancer cells is highly plastic. Cancer cells can change their preference for nutrient uptake under nutrient stress. Fructose is one of the most common carbohydrates in diet and its metabolism is also involved in the development and progression of tumors. GLUT5, encoded by SLC2A5, is the specific fructose transporter in mammalian cells. In this study, we found that SLC2A5 is significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and overexpression of SLC2A5 is highly correlated with poor prognosis of LUAD patients. The expression of SLC2A5 determined fructose uptake and utilization efficacy in LUAD cells. GLUT5 is critical for the survival of LUAD cells in fructose-containing culture medium. Depletion of SLC2A5 undermined cell proliferation and invasion meanwhile increased cell apoptosis. Overexpression of SLC2A5 enhances cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenic. Compared to glucose, fructose is prone to strengthen intracellular-free fatty acid accumulation and ATP production. Moreover, inhibition of GLUT5 by specific small chemical inhibitor sensitizes LUAD cells to paclitaxel treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that GLUT5 could be a potential target alone or combination with other treatment for lung cancer therapy.
SESN2 negatively regulates cell proliferation and casein synthesis by inhibition the amino acid-mediated mTORC1 pathway in cow mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Luo Chaochao , Zhao Shengguo , Zhang Muchen , Gao Yanan , Wang Jiaqi , Hanigan Mark D. , Zheng Nan
Published: February 2018

Amino acids (AA) are one of the key nutrients that regulate cell proliferation and casein synthesis in cow mammary epithelial cells (CMEC), but the mechanism of this regulation is not yet clear. In this study, the effect of SESN2 on AA-mediated cell proliferation and casein synthesis in CMEC was assessed. After 12 h of AA starvation, CMECs were cultured in the absence of all AA (AA−), in the presences of only essential AA (EAA+), or of all AA (AA+). Cell proliferation, casein expression, and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway were increased; but SESN2 expression was decreased in response to increased EAA or AA supply. Overexpressing or inhibiting SESN2 demonstrated that cell proliferation, casein expression, and activation of the mTORC1 pathway were all controlled by SESN2 expression. Furthermore, the increase in cell proliferation, casein expression, and activation of the mTORC1 pathway in response to AA supply was inhibited by overexpressing SESN2, and those effects were reversed by inhibiting SESN2. These results indicate that SESN2 is an important inhibitor of mTORC1 in CMEC blocking AA-mediated cell proliferation and casein synthesis.
Lamprey Prohibitin2 Arrest G2/M Phase Transition of HeLa Cells through Down-regulating Expression and Phosphorylation Level of Cell Cycle Proteins
Authors: Shi Ying , Guo Sicheng , Wang Ying , Liu Xin , Li Qingwei , Li Tiesong
Published: February 2018

Prohibitin 2(PHB2) is a member of the SFPH trans-membrane family proteins. It is a highly conserved and functionally diverse protein that plays an important role in preserving the structure and function of the mitochondria. In this study, the lamprey PHB2 gene was expressed in HeLa cells to investigate its effect on cell proliferation. The effect of Lm-PHB2 on the proliferation of HeLa cells was determined by treating the cells with pure Lm-PHB2 protein followed by MTT assay. Using the synchronization method with APC-BrdU and PI double staining revealed rLm-PHB2 treatment induced the decrease of both S phase and G0/G1 phase and then increase of G2/M phase. Similarly, cells transfected with pEGFP-N1-Lm-PHB2 also exhibited remarkable reduction in proliferation. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) assays suggested that Lm-PHB2 caused cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells through inhibition of CDC25C and CCNB1 expression. According to our western blot analysis, Lm-PHB2 was also found to reduce the expression level of Wee1 and PLK1 and the phosphorylation level of CCNB1, CDC25C and CDK1 in HeLa cells. Lamprey prohibitin 2 could arrest G2/M phase transition of HeLa cells through down-regulating expression and phosphorylation level of cell cycle proteins.
A Printed Organic Amplification System for Wearable Potentiometric Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Shiwaku Rei , Matsui Hiroyuki , Nagamine Kuniaki , Uematsu Mayu , Mano Taisei , Maruyama Yuki , Nomura Ayako , Tsuchiya Kazuhiko , Hayasaka Kazuma , Takeda Yasunori , Fukuda Takashi , Kumaki Daisuke , Tokito Shizuo
Published: February 2018

Electrochemical sensor systems with integrated amplifier circuits play an important role in measuring physiological signals via in situ human perspiration analysis. Signal processing circuitry based on organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have significant potential in realizing wearable sensor devices due to their superior mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility. Here, we demonstrate a novel potentiometric electrochemical sensing system comprised of a potassium ion (K+) sensor and amplifier circuits employing OTFT-based pseudo-CMOS inverters, which have a highly controllable switching voltage and closed-loop gain. The ion concentration sensitivity of the fabricated K+ sensor was 34 mV/dec, which was amplified to 160 mV/dec (by a factor of 4.6) with high linearity. The developed system is expected to help further the realization of ultra-thin and flexible wearable sensor devices for healthcare applications.
Remarkable charge-transfer mobility from [6] to [10]phenacene as a high performance p-type organic semiconductor
Authors: Nguyen Thao P. , Roy P. , Shim Ji Hoon
Published: February 2018

A density functional theory (DFT) calculation predicts phenacene as one of the most promising organic semiconductors for high efficiency electronic devices.
Chaotization of internal motion of excitons in ultrathin layers by spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Stephanovich V. A. , Sherman E. Ya.
Published: February 2018

Spin–orbit coupling generates chaotic behavior of excitons in two-dimensional semiconductor structures by producing an anomalous spin-dependent velocity.
Self-assembly of chiral (1R,2S)-ephedrine and (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine into low-dimensional aluminophosphate materials driven by their amphiphilic nature
Authors: Bernardo-Maestro Beatriz , Garrido-Martín Elisa , López-Arbeloa Fernando , Pérez-Pariente Joaquín , Gómez-Hortigüela Luis
Published: February 2018

Supramolecular aggregation of amphiphilic ephedrine and pseudoephedrine provokes the formation of large organic bilayers and the crystallization of low-dimensional materials.
Synthesis and transport properties of the Te-substituted homologous compounds Pb5Bi6Se14−xTex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0)
Authors: Sassi Selma , Candolfi Christophe , Gendarme Christine , Dauscher Anne , Lenoir Bertrand
Published: February 2018

This work reports a detailed study of the influence of substituting Te for Se on the thermoelectric properties of the homologous compound Pb5Bi6Se14 in a wide range of temperatures (2–723 K) yielding a peak ZT of 0.5 at 723 K.
Non-covalent tetrel bonding interactions in hemidirectional lead(ii) complexes with nickel(ii)-salen type metalloligands
Authors: Roy Sourav , Drew Michael G. B. , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: February 2018

Tetrel bonding interactions have been investigated in hetero-dinuclear nickel(ii)/lead(ii) complexes using MEP and DFT calculations.
Inertio-capillary cross-streamline drift of droplets in Poiseuille flow using dissipative particle dynamics simulations
Authors: Marson Ryan L. , Huang Yuanding , Huang Ming , Fu Taotao , Larson Ronald G.
Published: February 2018

Using simulations we find that deformable droplets under Poiseuille flow migrate to fixed positions within a microchannel that depend on a complex interplay between multiple controlling dimensionless groups.
Chemical signaling at the eukaryotic/prokaryotic interface
Authors: Dorrestein Pieter C. , Balskus Emily P.
Published: February 2018

Guest editors Pieter Dorrestein and Emily Balskus introduce the chemical signaling at the eukaryotic/prokaryotic interface themed issue of Chemical Society Reviews.
Cobalt complexes of Biginelli derivatives as fluorescent probes for selective estimation and degradation of organophosphates in aqueous medium
Authors: Kaur Gaganpreet , Singh Amanpreet , Singh Ajnesh , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder
Published: February 2018

Bonding between metal complexes of Biginelli derivatives and organophosphates leads to enhancement of emission intensity.
Diversity of aggregation motifs in gold(i) dithiocarboxylate complexes
Authors: Grote Johanna , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: February 2018

Molecular structures and aggregation motifs of different substituted gold(i) dithiocarboxylate complexes are presented and a correlation between the substituent and the aggregation motif is discussed.
Engineering iridium-based metal organic frameworks towards electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Zhang Shengbo , Wang Mengyun , Han Jinyu , Wang Hua , Li Zhongcheng , Liu Xiao
Published: February 2018

Bipyridine-incorporated metal organic frameworks were used to fabricate solid iridium-bipyridine catalysts, which were coated onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode and showed electrical water oxidation activity with the onset potential of 0.87 V versus NHE.
Dissolved oxygen control strategies for the industrial sequencing batch reactor of the wastewater treatment process in the papermaking industry
Authors: Man Yi , Shen Wenhao , Chen Xiaoquan , Long Zhou , Corriou Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2018

The fuzzy-PID dissolved oxygen control strategy is superior in control performance, energy consumption, and anti-interference for the SBR process of papermaking mills.
Unexpected ionic transport behavior in hydrophobic and uncharged conical nanopores
Authors: Balme Sebastien , Picaud Fabien , Lepoitevin Mathilde , Bechelany Mikhael , Balanzat Emmanuel , Janot Jean-Marc
Published: February 2018

We investigated ionic transport behavior in the case of uncharged conical nanopores. We observed unexpected ionic transport behaviour, which is attributed to a predominant effect of slippage due to water organization at the solid/liquid interface.
Creating cross-linked lamellar block copolymer supporting layers for biomimetic membranes
Authors: Lang Chao , Shen Yue-xiao , LaNasa Jacob A. , Ye Dan , Song Woochul , Zimudzi Tawanda J. , Hickner Michael A. , Gomez Enrique D. , Gomez Esther W. , Kumar Manish , Hickey Robert J.
Published: February 2018

In this study, we propose a strategy for incorporation of artificial channels that mimic biological channels into stable polymeric membranes.
A supramolecular hybrid material constructed from graphene oxide and a pillar[6]arene-based host–guest complex as an ultrasound and photoacoustic signal nanoamplifier
Authors: Yu Guocan , Yang Jie , Fu Xiao , Wang Zhantong , Shao Li , Mao Zhengwei , Liu Yijing , Yang Zhen , Zhang Fuwu , Fan Wenpei , Song Jibin , Zhou Zijian , Gao Changyou , Huang Feihe , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2018

A supramolecular hybrid material is developed as ultrasound and photoacoustic signals nanoamplifier.
Simultaneous oxidative determination of antibacterial drugs in aqueous solutions using an electrode modified with MWCNTs decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Bhengo T. , Moyo M. , Shumba M. , Okonkwo O. J.
Published: February 2018

The present study describes a simple sensor developed from Fe3O4 and MWCNT nanoparticles for the simultaneous detection of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP).
M-dwarf exoplanet surface density distribution
Authors: Meyer Michael R. , Amara Adam , Reggiani Maddalena , Quanz Sascha P.
Published: February 2018

Aims. We fit a log-normal function to the M-dwarf orbital surface density distribution of gas giant planets, over the mass range 1–10 times that of Jupiter, from 0.07 to 400 AU.

Methods. We used a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach to explore the likelihoods of various parameter values consistent with point estimates of the data given our assumed functional form.

Results. This fit is consistent with radial velocity, microlensing, and direct-imaging observations, is well-motivated from theoretical and phenomenological points of view, and predicts results of future surveys. We present probability distributions for each parameter and a maximum likelihood estimate solution.

Conclusions. We suggest that this function makes more physical sense than other widely used functions, and we explore the implications of our results on the design of future exoplanet surveys.