bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produção e nitrogênio no solo e na solução em pomar demacieira submetido à aplicação de fontes de nutrientes
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Salvador , Ambrosini Vítor Gabriel , Lovato Paulo Emilio , Comin Jucinei José , Ceretta Carlos Alberto , Santos Junior Elano dos , Santos Matheus Ademir dos , Lazzari Cleiton Júnior Ribeiro , Brunetto Gustavo
Published: December 2014

A aplicação de fontes de nitrogênio (N) em pomar de macieira pode incrementar o teor do nutriente no solo ao longo do ciclo, afetar o estado nutricional e a produção, mas parte do N pode ser perdido por lixiviação. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o teor de N total em folhas, a produção e o fluxo de N no solo e na solução, em um pomar de macieira com a aplicação de distintas fontes de N, em um experimento em Urubici (SC). Plantas foram selecionadas, receberam a aplicação de ureia (U), ureia peletizada (UP) e cama sobreposta de suínos (CS); além de um tratamento sem adubação (SA). Nas safras 2011/2012 e 2012/2013 foram analisados teores de N em folhas completas e mensurados o crescimento das plantas e a produção de frutos. Foram coletadas amostras de solo e de solução, e analisados os teores de N-NH4 + e N-NO3 - ao longo da segunda safra. Aplicações de U, UP e CS aumentaram o rendimento da macieira no segundo ano, mas o teor de N em folhas não foi afetado nas duas safras. A aplicação de N afetou o fluxo de formas do nutriente no solo e na solução ao longo do ciclo da cultura, com pequenos incrementos nos teores do solo e da solução em períodos próximos à aplicação das diferentes fontes de N
Produtividade de pastagens de Coastcross-1 em consórcio com diferentes leguminosas de ciclo hibernal
Authors: Aguirre Priscila Flôres , Olivo Clair Jorge , Simonetti Gabriela Descovi , Nunes Jéssica Soares , Silva Jossiane Ortiz , Santos Marciele da Silva , Correa Marcos da Rosa , Bratz Vinícius Felipe , Anjos Amanda Nunes Assis dos
Published: December 2014

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar três sistemas forrageiros constituídos por Coastcross-1 (CC) + 100kg de N ha-1 ano-1 + ervilhaca comum; CC + 100kg de N ha-1 ano-1 + trevo vesiculoso; e CC + 200kg de N ha-1 ano-1. Durante o período experimental (345 dias), foram realizados treze pastejos. Para avaliação, foram utilizadas vacas em lactação da raça Holandesa. Foram avaliadas a massa de forragem, composição botânica, relação folha/colmo; taxa de acúmulo diário, produção e consumo de forragem; eficiência de pastejo e taxa de lotação. Os valores médios de produção de forragem e lotação foram de 21,0; 20,3 e 24,3t ha-1; 7,0; 6,5 e 7,7 unidades animais ha-1 dia-1, para os respectivos sistemas forrageiros. Melhores resultados foram obtidos no consórcio de CC com ervilhaca e no cultivo singular de CC
Eliciadores proteicos e glicídicos de Adiantum capillus-veneris L. para fitoalexinas em sorgo Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: Meinerz C.C , Muller S.F. , Franzener G. , Schwan-Estrada K.R.F. , Portz R.L. , Kuhn O.J , Stangarlin J.R
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho objetivou a purificação parcial, por precipitação com sulfato de amônio (SA) e cromatografia de filtração em gel (CFG), de compostos presentes no decocto de Adiantum capillus-veneris (avenca) eficientes na indução de fitoalexinas em mesocótilos de Sorghum bicolor sorgo. Decocto de A. capillus-veneris a 1% (peso seco/volume) foi precipitado com concentrações de SA variando de 0 a 100% (em intervalos de 20%), e essas frações foram submetidas à CFG. Para o decocto não precipitado foram obtidos nove picos proteicos e um pico glicídico com massas moleculares variando de 0,61 à 0,01 KDa. Para a precipitação fracionada obteve-se: na fração 0-20% dois picos proteicos (menores que 0,01 KDa) e dois glicídicos com concentração de açúcares variando de 4,1 a 17,5 µg mL-1; na fração 20-40% três picos proteicos (111,5 à 0,98 KDa) e cinco glicídicos (11,3 a 73,7 µg de açúcares mL-1); na fração 40-60% dois picos proteicos (111,5 à 0,09 KDa) e dois glicídicos (5,6 a 7, 5 µg de açúcares mL-1); na fração 60-80% seis picos proteicos (menores que 0,02 KDa) e dois glicídicos (16,5 a 51,3 µg de açúcares mL-1); e na fração 80-100% três picos proteicos (menores que 0,09 KDa). Mesocótilos de sorgo foram tratados com as frações provenientes da CFG, além do decocto a 1%, acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) (125 mg L-1 do i.a. como eliciador de referência) e tampão fosfato de sódio 10 mM pH 6,0. O pico proteico II (0,09 KDa) do decocto não precipitado induziu fitoalexinas, 6,68% superior a ASM. Entre os precipitados, a fração 60-80% de SA induziu 76% mais que ASM. Dessa forma, pôde-se obter frações proteicas e/ou glicídicas indutoras de fitoalexinas em sorgo de maneira superior ao extrato (decocto) do qual é originária, indicando o potencial dessas moléculas para trabalhos futuros sobre indução de resistência.
Germinação in vitro de Hyptis leucocephala Mart. ex Benth. e Hyptis platanifolia Mart. ex Benth.
Authors: Nepomuceno C.F , Fonseca P.T. , Silva T.S. , Oliveira L.M. , Santana J.R.F
Published: December 2014

Hyptis leucocephala e Hyptis platanifolia (Lamiaceae) são espécies aromáticas endêmicas do semiárido nordestino e possuem grande importância econômica devido ao seu potencial medicinal. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo obter o protocolo para o estabelecimento inicial in vitro das espécies H. leucocephala e H. platanifolia. O meio de cultura WPM promoveu a maior porcentagem de germinação (96,81%) para H. leucocephala, porém não diferiu estatisticamente dos resultados obtidos no MS½ na última semana de cultivo. Para a germinação de sementes de H. platanifolia, o MS½ foi o meio que proporcionou a maior porcentagem (40,83%). O tipo de esterilização não interferiu na germinação in vitro para as duas espécies. Para a espécie H. platanifolia, quando se utilizou o fechamento dos tubos de ensaio com tampão de algodão, a hiperidricidade foi eliminada; porém, a porcentagem de germinação das sementes foi menor. Avaliando-se o tipo de meio de cultura no crescimento in vitro de H. leucocephala observou-se que este fator não influenciou no número de brotações, nem o comprimento de parte aérea e da matéria seca de raiz. O meio MS proporcionou incremento para o número de folhas, matéria seca da parte aérea, e comprimento da maior raiz, enquanto o meio MS½ foi o que promoveu maior número de raízes. O meio de cultura ideal para a germinação de H. leucocephala e H. platanifolia foi o MS½, podendo ser esterilizado com hipoclorito de sódio, enquanto que o MS foi o melhor meio de cultura para o crescimento in vitro de H. leucocephala.
Potencial terapêutico e uso de plantas medicinais em uma área de Caatinga no estado do Ceará, nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro D.A , Macêdo D.G. , Oliveira L.G.S. , Saraiva M.E. , Oliveira S.F. , Souza M.M.A. , Menezes I.R.A
Published: December 2014

O presente trabalho visou o levantamento etnobotânico das plantas medicinais, verificando a versatilidade das espécies utilizadas e o consenso de uso e/ou conhecimento entre os informantes, do Distrito de Aratama, no Município de Assaré, Ceará. As informações etnobotânicas foram obtidas através de entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas com os moradores locais. Foram citadas 116 espécies com fins medicinais pertencentes a 103 gêneros e 58 famílias com destaque para Fabaceae (10ssp.), Asteraceae (7spp.) e Lamiaceae (6spp.). Entre as espécies levantadas, Mentha spicata L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Allium sativum L., Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.), Ximenea americana L., se destacaram como as mais versáteis dentro da comunidade. As indicações terapêuticas citadas foram agrupadas em 16 categorias de sistemas corporais, dos quais as Desordens mentais e comportamentais, as Afecções ou dores não definidas, os Transtornos do sistema respiratório, as Doenças de pele e do tecido celular subcutâneo, e os Transtornos do sistema sensorial (ouvidos), mostram maior concordância entre os informantes na utilização de espécies para tratar um sistema corporal especifico. Os resultados mostraram elevada riqueza da flora medicinal presente na caatinga. Neste sentido, torna-se necessária a intensificação de estudos que avaliem e consolidem as propriedades químicas e farmacológicas destas espécies.
Influência da arquitetura foliar de miniestacas na propagação clonal de Eucalyptus
Authors: Batista Alan Ferreira , Santos Glêison Augusto dos , Silva Luciana Duque , Quevedo Franco Freitas , Assis Teotônio Francisco de
Published: December 2014

Apesar do progresso da silvicultura clonal alcançado por meio da técnica de miniestaquia, pouco se avançou em relação às espécies recalcitrantes, sobretudo com relação ao manejo empregado em miniestacas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da arquitetura de miniestacas na produção de mudas de quatro clones de Eucalyptus, foram realizadas avaliações nas três fases de produção de mudas: 1) Sobrevivência aos 30 dias em casa de vegetação, 2) Enraizamento aos 45 dias em casa de sombra; e 3) Aproveitamento final aos 60 dias na área de rustificação. A taxa de enraizamento foi determinada com base na taxa de sobrevivência aos 30 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com arranjo de tratamento em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sendo três tipos de arquitetura de miniestaca: 1) folha inteira (100%); 2) folha cortada (50%); e 3) miniestaca cortada em "árvore de natal" (folhas subapicais cortadas em ¾ e basais inteiras) e quatro clones de (Eucalyptus E. dunnii , E. saligna e dois de E. urophylla x E. globulus), com quatro repetições e 100 plantas por bloco. De acordo com os resultados, a produção de mudas foi afetada pelo tipo de arquitetura de miniestacas. A arquitetura que apresentou os melhores resultados nas avaliações foi "árvore de natal" e folha inteira.
Tratamento silvicultural e incremento diamétrico de Platonia insignis Mart. (Clusiaceae) "bacurizeiro" em duas florestas secundárias em Bragança, PA, Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Junior Rivaldo Costa , Ferreira Maria do Socorro Gonçalves , Jardim Fernando Cristovam da Silva , Silva Manoela Ferreira Fernandes da , Esquerdo Lucicléia Nascimento
Published: December 2014

Verificou-se neste trabalho o efeito de tratamentos silviculturais no incremento diamétrico de Platonia insignis, em duas florestas secundárias, com dois anos de acompanhamento (2005/2007). As florestas foram denominadas Unidades Agrárias (UA), onde foram instaladas quatro parcelas de 70 m x 105 m (UA1) e 35 m x 100 m (UA2). Dois tratamentos foram aplicados com duas repetições: T0 nenhuma intervenção; e T1 tratamento silvicultural, que consistiu de desbaste por abate e desbaste por anelamento, coroamento de 2 m e corte de cipós. Foram medidos todos os indivíduos de P. insignis com DAP > 10 cm. Foram utilizados os testes t, de Student, e de Mann Whitney, para comparação das médias. O incremento anual médio em diâmetro na T1 foi significativamente maior em ambas as florestas secundárias. UA1 apresentou 0,14 cm.ano-1 para T0 e 0,25 cm.ano-1 para T1. Na UA2, a média foi de 0,53 cm.ano-1 para T0 e 0,93 cm.ano-1 para T1. Portanto, o efeito positivo dos tratamentos silviculturais no aumento diamétrico pode servir como subsídio para atividades de manejo sustentável e aplicação em florestas secundárias como indutor de crescimento.
Influência do diâmetro e umidade no tratamento preservativo de moirões de Eucalyptus
Authors: Amaral Lucas Soares , Silva José Reinaldo Moreira da , Hein Paulo Ricardo Gherardi , Trugilho Paulo Fernando
Published: December 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da classe diamétrica e das umidades geral e do alburno sobre a retenção de CCA-C (arseniato de cobre cromatado tipo C) na madeira de clone de Eucalyptus urophylla preservada em autoclave. Foram utilizados 36 moirões pertencentes às classes diamétricas de 7, 9, 11 e 13 cm, que foram separados e expostos a três tempos de secagem ao ar livre: 20, 40 e 70 dias. Determinaram-se os valores de umidade pré-tratamento, geral e apenas do alburno, por classe diamétrica e por tempo de secagem. Após a preservação em autoclave, foi feito o controle de qualidade do tratamento preservativo, por meio da análise de retenção do CCA-C. A retenção nos moirões da classe de 7 cm foi superior à das classes de 9, 11 e 13 cm, que não variaram estatisticamente entre si. O aumento do tempo de secagem de 20 para 40 dias proporcionou incremento significativo na retenção média de 5,70 para 6,67 kg I.A*m-3. As variações médias das umidades geral e do alburno se mostraram significativas com a variação da retenção, apresentando boa correlação entre os fatores. A correlação entre a umidade geral e a retenção de CCA-C (r = -0,86) foi mais forte que a correlação entre a umidade do alburno e a retenção (r = -0,70).
Mário Pedrosa e o neoconcretismo:A centralidade de um projeto crítico
Authors: Moura Flávio
Published: December 2014

Este artigo discorre sobre o trabalho do crítico Mário Pedrosa e sua relação com a formação do neoconcretismo no Brasil. Trata ainda de sua produção sobre o artista norte-americano Alexander Calder, da Gestalt, e do contexto em que esses textos foram publicados.
Um algoritmo para filtragem do tronco em nuvem de pontos laser terrestre de árvores de pinus spp.
Authors: Buck André Leonardo Bortolotto , Silva Matheus Nunes , Lingnau Christel , Machado Álvaro Muriel Lima , Martins Neto Rorai Pereira
Published: December 2014

A varredura laserterrestre vem sendo testada e apontada como alternativa não destrutiva para mensuração de árvores. Variáveis dendrométricas podem ser obtidas a partir de técnicas de modelagem tridimensional. Porém, é necessária a filtragem dos dados para eliminar pontos que não representam a superfície do tronco. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de algoritmo, baseada em métodos já consolidados na literatura, para filtragem automática da nuvem de pontos do tronco da árvore. O estudo foi conduzido a partir de doze árvores inseridas em um povoamento inequiâneo de Pinusspp. Três estações laser foram utilizadas para o recobrimento de cada árvore. O algoritmo proposto, denominado de Filtro Distância Máxima (Filtro Dmax), realiza a filtragem do tronco de forma iterativa e em seções da nuvem de pontos. Para o melhor desempenho da automatização optou-se por um algoritmo parametrizado. O Filtro Dmax foi testado experimentalmente e os resultados apontaram que as superfícies dos troncos foram efetivamente filtradas até aproximadamente dois terços da altura total das árvores estudadas. A alta densidade de acículas impediu a representação das superfícies dos troncos no terço superior das árvores. A aplicação do Filtro Dmax não alterou as características geométricas dos troncos proporcionando dados à modelagem tridimensional.
Correlação do posicionamento por ponto GNSS com a ionosfera e com indices de atividade solar no periodo de 2002 a 2011
Authors: Collischonn Carolina , Matsuoka Marcelo Tomio , Lima Elen Marten De , Waichel Felipe Soares , Camargo Paulo De Oliveira
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, na região brasileira, o erro no posicionamento por ponto GNSS em um período de 10 anos (janeiro/2002 - dezembro/2011) e comparar com a atividade solar e ionosférica no mesmo período. Para o estudo do comportamento do posicionamento por ponto com GNSS foram utilizados dados de três estações da RBMC, os valores de VTEC disponibilizados pelo IGS e os índices de atividade solar F10.7 e SSN . Com base nas séries temporais foi realizada a análise de regressão linear entre os resultados do posicionamento por ponto (componente vertical e horizontal) e os valores médios mensais de VTEC, SSN e F10.7. Os resultados indicaram forte correlação entre o erro vertical do posicionamento por ponto e a atividade ionosférica (98%), bem como entre o erro vertical e os índices solares (85%). O erro horizontal também apresentou significante correlação com a atividade ionosférica (86%) e com os índices solares (78%).
O conceito de letramento em questão: por uma perspectiva discursiva da alfabetização
Authors: Goulart Cecília M. A.
Published: December 2014

O objetivo do artigo é analisar relações político-pedagógicas entre os conceitos de alfabetização e de letramento. O conceito de letramento é considerado como uma estratégia de compensação, enquanto o processo de alfabetização é compreendido em perspectiva discursiva. O Brasil tem apresentado historicamente dificuldades para universalizar a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita de maneira socialmente significativa. Na direção da formação do cidadão crítico, discutimos modos de funcionamento da escola, no movimento de aprender-ensinar, com base na teoria da enunciação de Bakhtin.
Nietzsche e a busca pelo seu leitor ideal
Authors: Nasser Eduardo
Published: December 2014

Durante praticamente todo o seu itinerário filosófico, Nietzsche se preocupou com a recepção de seu pensamento, desenvolvendo coordenadas de como gostaria que os seus escritos fossem lidos. Essas coordenadas passam a cumprir uma função particularmente significativa e estratégica no período em que o filósofo concebe o projeto de um ocultamento resoluto de suas posições mais essenciais - um projeto que vai de par com a adesão ao estilo aforismático-, podendo ser dividas em duas classes: aquelas que solicitam o leitor que preserva a literalidade do texto e aquelas que estimulam o leitor a empreender uma arte de interpretação. A reunião desses dois direcionamentos fecunda a figura do leitor ideal de Nietzsche, o leitor que adentra de forma ativa na corrente de pensamentos que precede os aforismos, sem, contudo, perder de vista a letra do filósofo.
"Nietzsche, intérprete do Brasil"? A recepção da filosofia nietzschiana na imprensa carioca e paulistana no final do século XIX e início do XX
Authors: Dias Geraldo
Published: December 2014

Apresentamos aqui quinze de alguns dos primeiros textos publicados sobre a filosofia de Nietzsche na imprensa carioca e paulistana entre o final do século XIX e início do XX. Os textos transcritos na sequência seguem a ordem cronológica de suas publicações. Alguns deles tematizam o contexto brasileiro, outros procuram entender a construção do pensamento do filósofo, outros ainda tratam de suas inclinações culturais pela França ou de suas desconfianças ideológicas pela Alemanha.
F. Nietzsche
Authors: Vítor Nestor
Published: December 2014

Artigo publicado em 1900, no diário O Paiz. Esse breve artigo de Nestor Vítor é um dos primeiros textos críticos da filosofia de Nietzsche. Nele, o autor trata de ideias da filosofia nietzschiana sempre de uma perspectiva genética, histórica e/ou bastante ampla.
Ecce Homo
Authors: Anônimo
Published: December 2014

Artigo publicado em 1909, no diário A Imprensa. Nele, o autor o discorre sobre a recente autobiografia de Nietzsche, traduzida para o francês por Henri Albert. Ele se concentra em algumas partes do livro, destacando sobretudo aquelas nas quais o filósofo trata de sua alimentação e de suas distrações literárias.
Nietzsche ou Bíblia
Authors: Anônimo
Published: December 2014

Texto publicado em 1915, no diário de orientação anticlerical e bastante ativo à época chamado A Lanterna. É um dos primeiros a tratar da polêmica utilização das obras e das ideias da filosofia de Nietzsche a serviço guerra. E, quanto a isso, toma partido e defende o filósofo contra falsas apropriações, citando trechos de Humano, demasiado humano. De maneira irônica, aponta que não é o Zaratustra de Nietzsche o livro principal dos soldados do Kaiser, mas a Bíblia.
Risk and Protective Factors at Age 16: Psychological Adjustment in Children with a Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Feragen Kristin Billaud , Stock Nicola Marie , Kvalem Ingela Lundin
Published: December 2014

Objective

Explore psychological functioning in adolescents with a cleft at age 16 from a broad perspective, including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, appearance-related, and psychosocial adjustment. High-risk groups were identified within each area of adjustment to investigate whether vulnerable adolescents were found across domains or whether risk was limited to specific areas of adjustment.

Methods

Cross-sectional data based on psychological assessments at age 16 (N = 857). The effect of gender, cleft visibility, and the presence of an additional condition were investigated on all outcome variables. Results were compared with large national samples.

Measures

Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Harter Self-Perception Scale for Adolescents, Child Experience Questionnaire, and Satisfaction With Appearance scale.

Results

The main factor influencing psychological adjustment across domains was gender, with girls in general reporting more psychological problems, as seen in reference groups. The presence of an additional condition also negatively affected some of the measures. No support was found for cleft visibility as a risk factor except for dissatisfaction with appearance. Correlation analyses of risk groups seem to point to an association between social and emotional risk and between social risk and dissatisfaction with appearance. Associations between other domains were found to be weak.

Conclusions

The results point to areas of both risk and strength in adolescents born with a cleft lip and/or palate. Future research should investigate how protective factors could counteract potential risk in adolescents with a cleft.
Nasal Airway Dimensions of Children with Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Trindade Inge Elly Kiemle , De Oliveira Camargo Gomes Adriana , De Bragança Lopes Fernandes Marilyse , Kiemle Trindade Sergio Henrique , Da Silva Filho Omar Gabriel
Published: December 2014

Objective

To measure cross-sectional areas of the main nasal constrictions as a function of the distance into the nose in children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate, as compared with children without cleft, by acoustic rhinometry.

Design

Prospective analysis.

Setting

Craniofacial anomalies hospital.

Participants

A total of 39 children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate and 34 healthy controls without cleft, of both genders, aged 6 to 9 years.

Interventions/Variables

Nasal cross-sectional areas measured at the three main deflections of the rhinogram (CSA1, CSA2, CSA3) and distances from the nares (dCSA1, dCSA2, dCSA3) were assessed by means of an Eccovision Acoustic Rhinometer, before and after nasal decongestion. Differences were analyzed at a significance level of 5%.

Results

At the cleft side, mean CSA1, CSA2, and CSA3 values ± standard deviation obtained before nasal decongestion were 0.17 ± 0.12, 0.29 ± 0.20, and 0.40 ± 0.28 cm2, respectively, and dCSA1, dCSA2, and dCSA3 values ± standard deviation were 2.02 ± 0.40, 3.74 ± 0.51, and 5.50 ± 0.44 cm, respectively. At the noncleft side, these were 0.33 ± 0.11, 0.65 ± 0.28, and 0.90 ± 0.43 cm2, respectively, and 1.69 ± 0.48, 3.67 ± 0.53, and 5.60 ± 0.70 cm, respectively. Increased cross-sectional area means were seen after nasal decongestion in the control and cleft groups. Mean cross-sectional area values at the cleft side were significantly smaller than noncleft side and control values, and the mean dCSA1 value was smaller at the noncleft side before and after decongestion.

Conclusions

Objective assessment of internal nasal dimensions has shown that children with unilateral cleft lip and palate have a significant impairment of nasal patency due to the reduced cross-sectional areas seen at the cleft side.
A new guide to the Reservoirs Act 1975
Authors: Warren Alan L. , Deane Martin B.
Published: December 2014

A Guide to the Reservoirs Act 1975 (second edition) provides expert guidance on the application of the Reservoirs Act 1975, reflecting the current views and practices of the dam engineering profession and promoting a consistent and proper application of the provisions of the Act. This fully updated edition applies for reservoirs located in England and incorporates the relevant amendments introduced through the Flood and Water Management Act 2010, reflecting a more risk-based approach to reservoir regulation. The new edition also incorporates updates from the Water Act 2003. The guide includes a background to the history and administration of the Act; detailed commentary on the sections of the Act adjacent to the full text of the Act; reproduction of relevant statutory instruments; general guidance on issues relating to reservoir safety; and recommended formats for various reports required under the Act. The new edition provides an essential guide for all aspiring and practicing panel engineers, those who manage and operate reservoirs and those involved in the enforcement of the Act. It also provides useful guidance for those involved in operating non-statutory reservoirs.
Static and cyclic rocking on sand: centrifuge versus reduced-scale 1g experiments
Authors: KOKKALI P. , ANASTASOPOULOS I. , ABDOUN T. , GAZETAS G.
Published: December 2014

Shallow foundations supporting bridge piers, building frames, shear walls and monuments are often subjected to extreme lateral loading such as wind in offshore environments, or strong seismic shaking. Under such loading conditions, foundations may experience a host of non-linear phenomena: sliding on and uplifting from the supporting soil or even soil failure in the form of development of ultimate bearing capacity mechanisms. This type of response is accompanied by residual settlement and rotation of the supported structural system. Nevertheless, inelastic foundation performance can provide potential benefits to the overall seismic integrity of the structure. Thanks to such non-linearities, energy dissipation at or below the foundation level may eventually limit the seismic demand on structural elements. Several theoretical and experimental studies have provided encouraging evidence to this effect. This paper has a dual objective: first, to study the behaviour of shallow foundations under vertical and lateral monotonic loading and under lateral slow cyclic loading of progressively increasing amplitude; second, to explore the differences in foundation response between reduced-scale 1g and centrifuge 50g model testing. Emphasis is placed on interpreting their discrepancies by unveiling the role of scale effects. The role of soil densification due to multiple loading cycles with uplifting is also highlighted.
Reliability assessment on prediction of pile bearing capacity
Authors: Miao Yong-hong , Yin Jie
Published: December 2014

There are many prediction methods that can be used to determine the bearing capacity of pipe pile. However, most of these methods are highly sensitive to specific in situ conditions and hence usually result in significant error. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the reliability of different pile bearing capacity prediction methods. Based on reliability theory, a computer code is developed in this paper to calculate reliability. Random variable statistic properties and corresponding reliabilities for different prediction methods are investigated and analysed. Results show that the reliability index for logarithmic normal distribution is higher than normal distribution. Analysis results demonstrate that the checking point method (JC method) method has a slightly lower efficiency than the Monte-Carlo importance sampling method and the Monte-Carlo direct sampling method. The Monte-Carlo importance sampling method has a higher efficiency than the Monte-Carlo direct sampling method. The Monte-Carlo importance sampling method can be used in major engineering projects. It is concluded that the clustering centre method has higher reliability in predicting pile bearing capacity than the Eslami and Fellenius method, Almeida method and Powell method.
Fishing methods in upper Ganga River system of Central Himalaya, India
Authors: Singh Gurnam , Agarwal Naresh Kumar
Published: December 2014

Present study on fishing methods in the upper Ganga River system was conducted during the period 2010-2012. Upper Ganga river system consists of two major rivers basins viz. Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers and number of their 1st and 2nd order tributaries which flows through Garhwal region (Central Himalaya). This large network of fluvial water resources harbours rich Ichthyofaunal diversity. The varied potential of fish resources from these water bodies permits the utilization of wide array of fishing methods. Most of the fishing methods of the Garhwal region are primitive, based on indigenous traditional knowledge and well suited to turbulent nature of the streams. In present study eighteen fishing methods and gears have been documented from the upper Ganga River system. Study observed season, habitat and species specificity of the fishing methods. The utilization of crude and unscientific fishing methods is frequent in the streams of remote areas resulting into decline in fish resource. All the fishing methods employed in upper Ganga River system are classified into four types. The classification is based on their utilisation up to the level which will allow the sustainable harvesting and proper management of valuable fish resources.
Effects of Fiber-reinforced Composite Bases on Microleakage of Composite Restorations in Proximal Locations
Authors: A Tezvergil-Mutluay , P.K Vallittu
Published: December 2014

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of direct restorative composite resin upon the addition of an intermediate glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) layer of various fiber orientations between tooth and particulate filler composite resin (PFRC).

Materials and Methods:

Cavities were prepared both on the mesial and distal surfaces of sixty extracted human molars with one margin placed below and the other above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Teeth were assigned to five different groups. Four of the groups received a layer of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) resin system impregnated E-glass GFRC at the bottom of the cavity: Group 1; unidirectional continuous GFRC (EVS) in buccolingual direction (EVS-BL), Group 2; EVS in mesiodistal direction (EVS-MD), Group 3; bidirectional woven GFRC (EVN), Group 4; multidirectional short GFRC (EXP-MLT), Group 5; PRFC only (control). After acid etching and priming of the cavities and insertion of GFRC layer with the adhesive resin (Scotchbond Multipurpose 3M-ESPE), the cavities were filled incrementally with PRFC (Filtek Z250, 3M-ESPE) and each layer was light cured for 20 s. After finishing and polishing, the restored teeth were water-stored for 24 h at 37 °C and then thermocycled for 6000 cycles between 5-55 °C, before immersion in 0.5 % basic fuchsin dye for 24 h. After sectioning by 3-5 sagittal cuts, each sequential section was imaged and digitally analyzed to determine the stain depth.

Results:

All GFRC groups in dentin revealed significantly lower microleakage compared to control (p<0.05). The orientation of FRC intermediate layer did not reveal significant differences in microleakage (p>0.05). The microleakeage in enamel was not different between the groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

Use of intermediate GFRC layer between tooth and PFRC could provide alternative method to minimize microleakage.

Clinical Relevance:

Use of GFRC intermediate layer underneath the particulate filler composite can be used to minimize the leakeage of the restorations.
Iodine Deficiency Disorders After Sixteen Years of Universal Dietary Salt Iodization in a Severe Iodine Deficiency Village in Niger
Authors: Sadou Hassimi , G. Dandano Ibrahim , M. Alma Mousbahou , Daouda Hamani
Published: December 2014

Introduction:

Since 1996, Niger has officially adopted the universal dietary salt iodization program (UDSI).

Objective:

It is a before‑after trial study conducted to determine the impact of UDSI program in Tiguey 16 years after.

Subjects and methods:

The study was centered on 371 volunteers whose thyroid gland was palpated and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) determined in 319 of them.

Results:

The total goitre rate (TGR) was 13.20% with 9.70% invisible but palpable goitre (G1) and 3.50% visible goitre (G2). In 1987, the TGR was 77.15%, with 25.25% G1 and 51.90 % G2. The median UIC was 166.00 μg/L, the 20th percentile 66.40 μg/L and the 80 percentile was 300 μg/L. 68.34 % of the volunteers had a UIC ≥ 100 μg/L, 2.51% <20 μg/L, 10.97% between 20 and 49 μg/L and 18.18% between 50 and 99 μg/L. In 1987, only 3.96% of the studied sample had a UIC ≥ 100 μg/L, 45 % had a UIC <20 μg/L, 35% between 20 and 49 μg/L and 16% from 50 to 99 μg/L. No significant relationship was found between UIC and age and gender or goitre prevalence and gender (P> 0.05). However, goitre prevalence increases significantly with age (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The implementation of the UDSI program in Niger decreased goitre prevalence and significantly improved the nutritional iodine status of the populations of Tiguey. However a slight endemic goitre and mild to moderate iodine deficiency persists.
Osteocompatibility of Biofilm Inhibitors
Authors: Rawson Monica , Haggard Warren , Jennings Jessica A
Published: December 2014

The demand for infection prevention therapies has led to the discovery of several biofilm inhibitors. These inhibiting signals are released by bacteria, fungi, or marine organisms to signal biofilm dispersal or disruption in Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to test the biocompatibility of five different naturally-produced biofilm chemical dispersal and inhibition signals with osteoblast-like cells: D-amino acids (D-AA), lysostaphin (LS), farnesol, cis-2-decenoic acid (C2DA), and desformyl flustrabromine (dFBr). In this preliminary study, compatibility of these anti-biofilm agents with differentiating osteoblasts was examined over a 21 days period at levels above and below concentrations active against bacterial biofilm. Anti-biofilm compounds listed above were serially diluted in osteogenic media and added to cultures of MC3T3 cells. Cell viability and cytotoxicity, after exposure to each anti-biofilm agent, were measured using a DNA assay. Differentiation characteristics of osteoblasts were determined qualitatively by observing staining of mineral deposits and quantitatively with an alkaline phosphatase assay. D-AA, LS, and C2DA were all biocompatible within the reported biofilm inhibitory concentration ranges and supported osteoblast differentiation. Farnesol and dFBr induced cytotoxic responses within the reported biofilm inhibitory concentration range and low doses of dFBr were found to inhibit osteoblast differentiation. At high concentrations, such as those that may be present after local delivery, many of these biofilm inhibitors can have effects on cellular viability and osteoblast function. Concentrations at which negative effects on osteoblasts occur should serve as upper limits for delivery to orthopaedic trauma sites and guide development of these potential therapeutics for orthopaedics.
Nutrition and Bone Health in Women after the Menopause
Authors: Rizzoli René , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Weaver Connie
Published: December 2014

Osteoporosis affects one out of three postmenopausal women. Their remaining lifetime risk of fragility fractures exceeds that of breast cancer. The risk of osteoporosis and/or fragility fractures can be reduced through healthy lifestyle changes. These include adequate dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin D and protein, regular weight-bearing exercise, reduction in alcohol intake and smoking cessation. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women recommends a daily intake of at least 1000 mg/day for calcium, 800 IU/day for vitamin D and 1 g/kg body weight of protein for all women aged over 50 years. The development of programs that encourage lifestyle changes (in particular balanced nutrient intakes) are therefore essential for the reduction of osteoporosis risk.
Novel Metabolic Markers for the Risk of Diabetes Development in American Indians
Authors: Zhao Jinying , Zhu Yun , Hyun Noorie , Zeng Donglin , Uppal Karan , Tran ViLinh T. , Yu Tianwei , Jones Dean , He Jiang , Lee Elisa T. , Howard Barbara V.
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE

To identify novel metabolic markers for diabetes development in American Indians.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using an untargeted high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, we conducted metabolomics analysis of study participants who developed incident diabetes (n = 133) and those who did not (n = 298) from 2,117 normoglycemic American Indians followed for an average of 5.5 years in the Strong Heart Family Study. Relative abundances of metabolites were quantified in baseline fasting plasma of all 431 participants. Prospective association of each metabolite with risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) was examined using logistic regression adjusting for established diabetes risk factors.

RESULTS

Seven metabolites (five known and two unknown) significantly predict the risk of T2D. Notably, one metabolite matching 2-hydroxybiphenyl was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes, whereas four metabolites matching PC (22:6/20:4), (3S)-7-hydroxy-2′,3′,4′,5′,8-pentamethoxyisoflavan, or tetrapeptides were significantly associated with decreased risk of diabetes. A multimarker score comprising all seven metabolites significantly improved risk prediction beyond established diabetes risk factors including BMI, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that these newly detected metabolites may represent novel prognostic markers of T2D in American Indians, a group suffering from a disproportionately high rate of T2D.
Analysis of temperature distribution in a pipe with inner mineral deposit
Authors: Joachimiak Magda , Ciałkowski Michał , Bartoszewicz Jarosław
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the results of calculations related to determination of temperature distributions in a steel pipe of a heat exchanger taking into account inner mineral deposits. Calculations have been carried out for silicate-based scale being characterized by a low heat transfer coefficient. Deposits of the lowest values of heat conduction coefficient are particularly impactful on the strength of thermally loaded elements. In the analysis the location of the thermocouple and the imperfection of its installation were taken into account. The paper presents the influence of determination accuracy of the heat flux on the pipe external wall on temperature distribution. The influence of the heat flux disturbance value on the thickness of deposit has also been analyzed.
Comparative analysis of endurance of not hearing and hearing students
Authors: Iwańska Dagmara , Madej Anna , Urbanik Czesław
Published: December 2014

Study aim: Sport participation is important for deaf children, as participants experience physical, psychological and social benefits [23]. This study is a summary of four year’s researches on the endurance level of deaf and well hearing girls and boys. The aim of this study was to compare endurance of not hearing and hearing students.

Material and methods: 300 students aged 12, 14 and 16 from six Warsaw’s schools participated in the study. Students were divided into 12 groups according to three criterions: hearing impairment level, gender and age. The physical fitness was measured with laboratory methods. There was „inclined plane” measurement set used to estimate the endurance level. From the biomechanical point of view the measure of endurance is change of power versus time and total work.

Results: The study result’s proved significant differences only between boy’s group. Deaf and hearing girls presented similar level of their endurance parameters. The significant differences in results of deaf and well-hearing students were observed in the groups of 14 years old boys. Deaf male students presented 23% lower (p < 0.01) values of maximal power in comparison to their hearing peers. Yet, they were more capable of sustaining the power developed for a longer time, which is proved by significantly higher (33%; p < 0.001) regression coefficient b. Since maximal power level was lower, the executed work was also significantly lower comparing to well-hearing students’ results.

Conclusion: Research proved that deaf students do not vary from their well-hearing peers with regard to the energetic potential. Differences described in the literature and recorded in our research are probably the result of environmental (social) factors and different models of gaining movement habits.
Producibility of the ion-exchange method in manufacturing gradient refractive index in glass
Authors: Rogoziński R.
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the technological aspect of application of the ion exchange method in producing gradient refractive index in glass. The possibility of predictable and repeatable producing of the changes in glass refraction with the use of this method has been presented, as well as the method of in situ control of the process of diffusion doping of glass based on the measurement of the temperature. This method is based on simultaneous (to the carried process) solving the nonlinear diffusion equation modeling the spatio-temporal changes in normalized concentration of the admixture ions in glass. For this purpose the knowledge of temperature characteristics of diffusion coefficients of exchanged ions is used. The result of such control of diffusion processes is information on the current (temporary) refractive index profile of the resulting waveguide. The presented method of control has been confirmed by experimental results, which concern modeling and measurements of planar waveguide structures of slab type. The proposed methodology can also be used to control the diffusion processes of producing another type of two- and three-dimensional gradient structures. According to the author’s knowledge the method mentioned above has not been described in literature before.
Stack and draw fabrication of soft glass microstructured fiber optics
Authors: Pysz D. , Kujawa I. , Stępień R. , Klimczak M. , Filipkowski A. , Franczyk M. , Kociszewski L. , Buźniak J. , Haraśny K. , Buczyński R.
Published: December 2014

A broad review is given of microstructured fiber optics components - light guides, image guides, multicapillary arrays, and photonic crystal fibers - fabricated using the stack-and-draw method from various in-house synthesized oxide soft glasses at the Glass Department of the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology (ITME). The discussion covers fundamental aspects of stack-and-draw technology used at ITME, through design methods, soft glass material issues and parameters, to demonstration of representative examples of fabricated structures and an experimental characterization of their optical properties and results obtained in typical applications. Specifically, demonstrators include microstructured image guides providing resolution of up to 16000 pixels sized up to 20 μm in diameter, and various photonic crystal fibers (PCFs): index-guiding regular lattice air-hole PCFs, hollow core photonic bandgap PCFs, or specialty PCFs like highly birefringent microstructured fibers or highly nonlinear fibers for supercontinuum generation. The presented content is put into context of previous work in the area reported by the group of authors, as well as other research teams.
High-accuracy numerical integration methods for fractional order derivatives and integrals computations
Authors: Brzeziński D.W. , Ostalczyk P.
Published: December 2014

In this paper the authors present highly accurate and remarkably efficient computational methods for fractional order derivatives and integrals applying Riemann-Liouville and Caputo formulae: the Gauss-Jacobi Quadrature with adopted weight function, the Double Exponential Formula, applying two arbitrary precision and exact rounding mathematical libraries (GNU GMP and GNU MPFR). Example fractional order derivatives and integrals of some elementary functions are calculated. Resulting accuracy is compared with accuracy achieved by applying widely known methods of numerical integration. Finally, presented methods are applied to solve Abel’s Integral equation (in Appendix).
Theoretical analysis of air-fuel mixture formation in the combustion chambers of the gas engine with two-stage combustion system
Authors: Jamrozik A. , Tutak W.
Published: December 2014

The results of theoretical analysis of a mixture formation process during the compression stroke in a prechamber of the IC (internal combustion) gas engine with the stratified mixtures two-stage combustion system were presented in the paper. The course of excess air-fuel ratio changes in prechamber at ignition time λkz in function of degree of the mixture condensation during the compression stroke φ expressing quotient of a temporary cylinder and prechamber volume and maximal value of the volume were estimated. Research concerning λkz sensitivity on changes of rich combustible mixture composition delivered to the prechamber by the additional fuel supply system λko, mixture composition in cylinder _c and degree of filling a prechamber with the rich combustible mixture ξ were performed. According to numerical calculations it was proved that the real gas engine with the two stage combustion system at equal degree requires exact regulation of the three analysed values.
Automatic Vehicle Classification in Systems with Single Inductive Loop Detector
Authors: Gajda J. , Mielczarek M.
Published: December 2014

The work proposes a new method for vehicle classification, which allows treating vehicles uniformly at the stage of defining the vehicle classes, as well as during the classification itself and the assessment of its correctness. The sole source of information about a vehicle is its magnetic signature normalised with respect to the amplitude and duration. The proposed method allows defining a large number (even several thousand) of classes comprising vehicles whose magnetic signatures are similar according to the assumed criterion with precisely determined degree of similarity. The decision about the degree of similarity and, consequently, about the number of classes, is taken by a user depending on the classification purpose. An additional advantage of the proposed solution is the automated defining of vehicle classes for the given degree of similarity between signatures determined by a user. Thus the human factor, which plays a significant role in currently used methods, has been removed from the classification process at the stage of defining vehicle classes. The efficiency of the proposed approach to the vehicle classification problem was demonstrated on the basis of a large set of experimental data.
Simultaneous Effect Of Habitat And Age On Reproductive Success Of Imperial Eagles (Aquila Heliaca) In Hungary
Authors: Horváth Márton , Szitta Tamás , Bagyura János , Fatér Imre , Firmánszky Gábor , Moskát Csaba
Published: December 2014

An unexpected expansion of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) population was observed in East Hungary from mountainous habitat into lowlands from 1989 onwards. Here the population markedly increased from 2 to 59 breeding pairs by 2006, while the mountainous population remained more or less stable with 12-17 breeding pairs. At the beginning of the expansion process the nearest neighbour distances between breeding pairs was lower in the mountains than in the lowlands, but presently they are similar, indicating a saturation process in the lowland areas, but no density dependence was revealed on breeding success. During the study period a higher ratio of non-adult pairs was observed in the lowland territories (49%) than in the mountains (22%). We found that both age and habitat influenced breeding success. We also found that age-effect was significant on success rate (i.e. the ratio of pairs that produce at least one chick), while habitat-effect was more evident on fledging success (i.e. the number of fledglings per productive pair). The overall productivity (i.e. number of fledglings per breeding pair) was affected primarily by the age of the pairs, but the interaction term of age x habitat also was significant. We suppose that better feeding possibilities (closer foraging areas and larger prey density) could explain the higher fledging success in the lowlands. We also predicted that pairs inhabiting agricultural areas in the lowlands will have a reduced success rate due to higher human disturbance, together with an age effect of the breeding pairs. Therefore adult pairs probably can habituate to disturbance even if it happens in the close vicinity of their nesting sites.