bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of AI generated text-to-video in medical education: Systematic review
Authors: Artsi Yaara , Sorin Vera , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Korfiatis Panagiotis , Nadkarni Girish N , Klang Eyal
Published: February 2025

Background

Traditional medical education often struggles to simplify complex concepts for both healthcare professionals and patients. AI-generated text-to-video technologies are emerging as tools to enhance medical education by transforming intricate medical content into accessible visual formats. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current literature on the application of AI-generated text-to-video technologies in medical education.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Review, and Web of Science for studies published up to January 2025. The search targeted AI-generated text-to-video applications in medical education and patient engagement. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted independently. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool, and the review adhered to PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Out of 103 identified studies, 5 met the inclusion criteria. Four studies focused on patient education, and one on physician training. Applications spanned various specialties, including ophthalmology, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and stroke rehabilitation. AI-generated videos showed potential to improve patient understanding, engagement, and confidence. However, limitations included data biases, content inaccuracies, lack of comparison with traditional methods, and variability in user technological proficiency.

Conclusion

AI-generated text-to-video technology holds promise for advancing medical education by improving engagement, enhancing learning outcomes, and facilitating patient understanding. Nevertheless, challenges related to data accuracy, algorithmic bias, ethical concerns, and equitable access must be addressed. Ongoing research, validation studies, and ethical oversight are essential to ensure the safe, effective, and inclusive integration of this technology in medical education.
Bias caused by a popular weighting scheme
Authors: Henn Julian
Published: February 2025

It is reported how the popular SHELXL-like weighting scheme leads to bias in residuals when the standard uncertainty (s.u.) values of the observed intensities are underestimated, which appears to be the case very frequently. An underestimation of the s.u. values by a factor of 5 destroys the symmetry of the residuals with respect to zero and leads to an average increase in U
equiv of 3.35% in a simulation.
Reciprocal-space mapping calculations of X-ray Laue diffraction in a crystal with thermomigration channels
Authors: Punegov Vasily
Published: February 2025

X-ray diffraction in a crystal with lattice strains is studied theoretically using two-dimensional recurrence relations in Laue geometry. Based on these relations, an algorithm for calculating the coherent scattering intensity near a reciprocal-lattice node is developed. Simulation of reciprocal-space mapping was performed for a model of a silicon crystal with Si(Al) thermomigration channels. The change in reciprocal-space maps is shown depending on the strain magnitude in the channel and scanning of the X-ray beam along the input surface of the crystal.
Method of precise optical crystal alignment by tilting the diamond anvil cell
Authors: Rusanov Eduard B. , Wörle Michael D. , Kovalenko Maksym V.
Published: February 2025

A new, accurate method for fast and precise optical alignment of crystals in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) on a diffractometer has been developed. It enables highly accurate crystal alignment within instruments with a Boehler–Almax DAC design, achieving precision better than 0.02 mm easily. Other advantages of this method are simplicity, speed and instant visual feedback when aligning the crystal. This method employs Snell's law, which relates the angles of incidence and refraction of light passing through different media to estimate the crystal position within the DAC by measuring the apparent transverse displacement of the crystal image at various viewing angles after rotating the DAC by 180°. This information allows for fine-tuning of the crystal alignment within the DAC, ensuring optimal conditions for high-pressure diffraction experiments.
Determinants of adoption of virtual reality as a teaching aid in higher education: the mediating role of hedonic motivation
Authors: Sharma Sarika , Virani Shreya , Saini Jatinderkumar R. , Rautela Sonica
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The inclusion of technology in teaching–learning ensures better clarity and interactivity in the delivery of content, leading to enhanced student engagement. The present paper aims to identify the determinants of adopting virtual reality (VR) learning from the educators’ perspective. The mediating role of hedonic motivation for adopting VR is also explored.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative research is conducted using a conceptual model with the help of a literature survey. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The respondents were teachers working at higher education institutes. A sample of 341 respondents were used and the data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

Results demonstrate that digital competence and technology support are the factors affecting the perceived ease of use, which further affects the attitude and intention of adoption. The role of hedonic motivation is established as a mediator in attitude toward virtual reality and adoption intention.

Originality/value

The study is a valuable addition to the existing literature as it presents the conceptual model and explores the imperative role of hedonic motivation. This provides a unique aspect to this research. Educators and the management of higher education institutes can use the findings to make decisions and create policies regarding integrating VR in existing curricula.
How do corporate social responsibility and green information technology capital influence environmental performance? Investigating the role of top management teams' green commitment
Authors: Aftab Junaid , Wei Feng , Abid Nabila , Aftab Fahad , Sarwar Huma , Ishaq Muhammad Ishtiaq
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The information and communications technology (ICT) industry is revolutionizing the world. However, achieving net zero emissions and sustainable development goals is equally important. This study uses intellectual capital-based and natural resource-based theories to determine whether green information technology capital (GITC) mediates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental performance. The role of the top management teams (TMT) green commitment as a moderator between CSR and GITC is also hypothesized.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected using multi-wave and multi-respondent strategies from 275 ICT firms to examine these relationships. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that CSR significantly and positively impacts environmental performance, with GITC significantly mediating this relationship. Furthermore, the statistical results confirm that TMT’s green commitment significantly strengthens the connection between CSR and GITC.

Originality/value

The significance of TMT’s green commitment as a boundary condition that enhances the effectiveness of strategically aligned CSR practices provides novel theoretical insights to extend the CSR literature. Additionally, it offers practical implications for the managers of ICT firms, which are discussed in detail.
Negative impacts of artificial intelligence technologies on the tourism industry
Authors: Zvaigzne Anda , Litavniece Lienite , Kodors Sergejs , Jurkane Kristiana
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The present research study aims to conduct a thematic literature review of the negative impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on the tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The research study is based on a comprehensive review of prior research by various authors on AI and its negative consequences in the tourism industry.

Findings

Research indicates that integrating AI technologies in the tourism industry leads to negative consequences. While AI enhances operational efficiency and personalizes customer experiences, it also presents significant challenges, for example, AI replaces labor and the interaction between the tourist and the service provider decreases. New risks are emerging in various areas of tourism that need to be managed to ensure that they do not have negative impacts.

Originality/value

The paper provides a comprehensive review of the negative impacts of AI technologies on the tourism industry, highlighting the need for a balanced approach that integrates human elements with technological advancements. It offers valuable insights into the potential drawbacks of AI, urging stakeholders to consider these challenges when implementing AI-driven solutions in tourism.
Biological invasion by the cycad‐specific scale pest Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Diaspididae) into Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) populations on Amami‐Oshima and Okinawa‐jima, Japan
Authors: Deloso Benjamin E. , Gutiérrez‐Ortega José Said , Chang Jui‐Tse , Ito‐Inaba Yasuko , Lindström Anders J. , Terry L. Irene , Donaldson John , Tang William , Cave Ronald D. , Gómez‐Díaz Jorge Antonio , Handley Vanessa M. , Griffith M. Patrick , Marler Thomas E.
Published: February 2025

The islands of the Ryukyu archipelago in Japan are biologically diverse, supporting numerous plant and animal taxa found nowhere else. One of the most iconic plants is Cycas revoluta Thunb., the only cycad native to Japan. At this moment, the community of cycad researchers is concerned about the impacts caused by the recent invasion of the cycad aulacaspis scale (Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi) into the wild populations of C. revoluta in the islands of Amami‐Oshima and Okinawa‐jima. Within the last three decades, this cycad‐specific scale has been inadvertently transported outside its native range in southeastern Asia and is known to cause high mortality on both wild and cultivated cycad species that are not evolutionarily and ecologically adapted to the effects of its infestation. Currently, neither the extent of the spread in Japan nor the attendant ecological impacts are well characterized; thus, several recommendations to mitigate the potential threat are proposed here. Monitoring the impact of the scale pest and evaluating the use of native predators as biological control organisms for A. yasumatsui are recommended. Considering the already known genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of C. revoluta, we recommend establishing in situ and ex situ colonies to assure the conservation of its genetic composition in case of loss of populations.
Exploring Post‐Crisis Sensemaking Among Public Relations Professionals in Higher Education
Authors: Taylor LaTonya J. , Boman Courtney D. , Lemon Laura L.
Published: February 2025

Public relations professionals in higher education face a myriad of challenges, including managing crises that range from tragic losses to reputational threats. Despite the critical role these professionals play, little attention has been given to their experiences within this sector. This qualitative study examines how public relations professionals in higher education experience resilience sensemaking following a crisis. Using a critical event narrative inquiry approach, focusing on resilience and participants’ retrospective narratives of crisis experiences, this study reveals the complexity of working in higher education, characterized by a profound dedication to institutional mission amid demanding crisis scenarios. Professionals demonstrate a dichotomous resilience, balancing institutional recovery efforts with personal well‐being considerations. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of fostering a culture of resilience anchored in the ethics of care framework, which prioritizes relationships, open communication, and mutual support. Practical implications include the integration of empathetic understanding and ongoing dialog into organizational culture to enhance resilience.
Biodiversity of Metarhizium From Korea and Pathogenicity Screening of Two Unrecorded Species Metarhizium lepidiotae and Metarhizium robertsii
Authors: Kim Seulki , Heo InJi , Shin Tae Young
Published: February 2025

This study analyzed the biodiversity of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium species isolated from Korean soil samples and insect cadavers. Morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses were used to analyze Korean species diversity. Concatenated datasets of three genes, the translation elongation factor 1‐a (TEF), DNA‐directed RNA polymerase II (RPB1), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), were used for phylogenetic analyses using the following three methods: maximum parsimony (MP), Bayesian inference (BI), and maximum likelihood (ML). In addition, the TEF gene was used for molecular identification. As a result, five species were identified: Metarhizium pinghaense, Metarhizium robertsii, Metarhizium rileyi, Metarhizium pemphigi, and Metarhizium lepidiotae. In particular, M. robertsii and M. lepidiotae were identified in Korea for the first time in this study. The TEF gene was useful for species identification of Metarhizium species especially M. pinghaense and Metarhizium anisopliae. Among these fungi, only M. lepidiotae showed high pathogenicity against cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) and lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus).
Molecular and technical aspects on the interaction of bovine serum albumin with pyrazine derivatives: From molecular docking to spectroscopy study
Authors: Tong Wenghua , Liu XingYan , Yang Ying , Wang Yan , Huang Zhijiu , Fan Hongjun
Published: February 2025

In order to better understand the transport and action mechanism of flavor substance and proteins in human body, the interaction mechanism between pyrazine derivatives and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by molecular dynamics simulation and a series of spectroscopic methods. In molecular docking, it was observed that the small molecules were surrounded by hydrophobic amino acid residues of the protein, and the main amino acid residues formed π–π interaction and hydrogen bond interaction with BSA. The results of fluorescence emission spectroscopy combined with thermodynamic analysis showed that static quenching was the main mechanism of the interaction between three pyrazine derivatives and BSA, which was dominated by hydrophobic interaction. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulation proved that the pyrazine derivatives changed the conformation of BSA. In summary, pyrazine derivatives can interact with BSA, and the complexation of the complex changes its spatial conformation. The research in this paper has positive significance for understanding the binding, transport, and metabolism of pyrazine compounds in the process of blood circulation and provides key data for the metabolism of pyrazine compounds in vivo.

Practical Application

The interaction of pyrazine derivatives‐BSA is studied by multi‐spectra and MD.

The fluorescence quenching of pyrazine derivatives‐BSA is static quenching.

The main force between pyrazine derivatives and BSA is hydrophobic force.

There is only one site of association between pyrazine derivatives and BSA.

Pyrazine derivatives have effects on conformation of BSA.
Evaluating the impact of different processing methods on the flavor characteristics of Gorgon Euryale seeds using electronic tongue, electronic nose, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Sun Haiwen , Yang Minxin , Olajide Tosin Michael , Wang Mingzhu , Qian Mingji , He Yiqing , Liao Xianyan , Huang Junyi
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and taste properties of Gorgon Euryale seeds processed by five methods (steaming, boiling, microwaving, roasting, and stir‐frying) using electronic tongue (E‐tongue), electronic nose (E‐nose), gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS). A total of 44 and 40 VOCs were identified by GC‐MS and GC‐IMS, respectively. Pyrazines (2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazine, 2,3‐diethyl‐5‐methylpyrazine) and furans (2‐pentylfuran, 2‐ethylfuran) played a major role in the baked aroma characteristics of roasted and stir‐fried Gorgon Euryale seeds. Six and seven marker compounds were identified by Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (OPLS‐DA) models for GC‐MS and GC‐IMS based on 12 VOCs with odor activity value > 1 and 18 VOCs with relative odor activity value > 0.1, respectively. OPLS‐DA and principal component analysis score plots of the E‐tongue and E‐nose demonstrated that samples could be effectively distinguished in terms of flavor. This research provides a comprehensive basis for evaluating the impact of processing methods on the changes in flavor of Gorgon Euryale seeds.

Practical Application

This work demonstrates that the use of E‐tongue, E‐nose, HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS, and GC‐IMS has the capability to thoroughly analyze the flavor profile of Gorgon Euryale seeds at both macro and micro levels. This approach effectively distinguishes Gorgon Euryale products subjected to different processing treatments and provides a reliable reference for evaluating and identifying the flavor quality of Gorgon Euryale seeds.
Differential Expression/Regulation of Progesterone Receptor in Reproductive Tissues (Ovary and Uterus) Induced by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin Treatments in Sows
Authors: León Oswaldo Cruz , Anzaldúa Arce Santiago René , Cornejo Cortes Miguel Angel , Cerbón Marco , Castañeda Francisco Ernesto Martínez , Arvizu Raúl Ulloa , Trujillo Ortega María Elena
Published: February 2025

We studied sows (Landrace × Yorkshire line, DanBred Hybrid) to evaluate the possible changes in progesterone receptor (PR) expression in the uterus and ovary caused by different non‐hypophyseal gonadotropins treatments: equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Varying concentrations of eCG and hCG were evaluated (Groups 1, 2, 3, 4). PR expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and labelling intensity was determined by the HScore method. In the ovary, PR expression in the granulosa cells of follicles did not differ significantly between Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05) but differed significantly from that in Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.05), which in turn did not differ from each other. This PR expression pattern was similar across groups in the internal and external theca cells. Conversely, in the uterus, PR expression in the lining epithelium was lower in Group 4 than that in Group 1 (p < 0.05). Increased expression was observed in the endometrial lamina propria in all groups 2 and 4 compared to that in the control group (p < 0.05). Decreased expression was observed in the glandular epithelium and myometrium in Group 4 compared to that in Group 1 (p < 0.05). In the ovary, PR expression in the granulosa and outer and inner theca of the follicles was not significantly different (p < 0.05) between Groups 1 and 2 or Groups 3 and 4; however, the expression in these pairs of groups differed from each other. Thus, changes in PR expression may depend on the concentrations and proportions of exogenous hormones used in the treatments, indicating an alteration in the reproductive process.
The alone team: How an alone mindset affects group processes
Authors: Uziel Liad , Seemann Martina
Published: February 2025

Being alone is a basic and prevalent human experience, yet little is known about its effects on social identity. When alone, social identity may weaken because individuals feel their groups are less valuable or less salient. Conversely, it may strengthen because craving for bonding increases in‐group perceived value. We tested these ideas with five experiments (N = 1312). Study 1, using existing groups, and Study 2, using minimal groups, showed that aloneness (vs. being with others) reduced in‐group identity through its effect on in‐group esteem. In Study 3, this effect was equivalent to the effect observed following social exclusion. Study 4 showed that individuals alone were indifferent in allocating money between in‐group and out‐group members. Last, Study 5 indicated that these effects do not stem from reduced salience of in‐group members when alone. In conclusion, an alone mindset affects social identity by decreasing in‐group esteem, signalling broad social implications for this basic social condition.
The Value of Investor Sophistication
Authors: Fu Chengbo , Jacoby Gady , Lin Nanying , Lu Lei
Published: February 2025

We introduce the idiosyncratic volatility spread as a novel measure of the stock‐level investor sophistication. Our study reveals a negative relation between investor sophistication and stock returns, particularly for stocks with more binding short‐sale constraints. Importantly, this negative relation cannot be attributed to variables that affect the idiosyncratic volatility–return relation. Our findings hold across different factor models and estimation methods, demonstrating the robustness of the results. Furthermore, we observe that this relation is more pronounced during periods characterized by high investor sentiment, high market uncertainty, and economic contractions. Further tests suggest that investor sophistication introduces heterogeneity in beliefs among investors due to their varying model selection, demonstrating that investor sophistication is not driven solely by disagreement.
Effectiveness of educational interventions for improving healthcare professionals' information literacy: A systematic review
Authors: Lee Mauricette Moling , Lin Xiaowen , Lee Eng Sing , Smith Helen Elizabeth , Tudor Car Lorainne
Published: February 2025

Background

It is unclear which educational interventions effectively improve healthcare professionals' information literacy.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions for improving the formulation of answerable clinical questions and the search skills of healthcare professionals.

Methods

We followed the Cochrane methodology and reported according to the PRISMA statement. The following databases from inception to November 2022: MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar search engine, were searched. Randomised controlled trials and crossover trials on any educational interventions were included. Studies on search tools that are obsolete were excluded.

Results

Ten studies that mainly compared the effectiveness of lectures and bedside education to lectures or no intervention for searching of PubMed and/or MEDLINE, were included. There was evidence for improved attitude towards the intervention favouring lecture with self‐directed learning over lecture, bedside education, and computer‐assisted self‐directed learning (RR: 1.14; 95% CI 1.06–1.23; N = 2 studies; 1064 participants; I2 = 0%; moderate certainty evidence). There were limited findings on the knowledge, skills, satisfaction, and behaviour outcomes.

Conclusion

Future research should include a wider set of outcomes, be reported better and explore the use of digital technology for delivery of educational interventions. Further research should entail well‐designed trials with relevant outcomes evaluating novel digital‐based educational interventions.
Responsiveness at the Local Level: Building VET Systems to Advance Communities
Authors: Billett Stephen
Published: February 2025

To advance the social and economic goals of the communities that vocational education and training (VET) serves requires more than being responsive to governmental and industry needs. While necessary to a degree, being responsive to such needs is not a sufficient goal to which VET systems should be directed, enacted and judged. They also need to: (i) be responsive to the communities served by those systems and (ii) play a role in bringing about change in those communities through supporting innovations, extending existing economic activities and building capacities at the local level. Given the scope of these roles, VET, perhaps more than any other educational sector, requires effective localised social, administrative and educational infrastructures to achieve such outcomes. Social infrastructure includes partnerships that support work placements, work experiences, employment opportunities and articulate local enterprises' requirements. Administrative infrastructure includes the intentional organisation and enactment of vocational educational provisions and their certification. Educational infrastructure includes the provision and alignment of expertise and resources to achieve these outcomes, including those of teachers and the ability to extend their efforts beyond the educational institution. These forms of local infrastructure are proposed as being essential for achieving five contemporary purposes of VET: (i) engaging young people with VET; (ii) assisting them in identifying occupations to which they are suited; (iii) preparing them for occupations; (iv) continuing education across working life to meet changing needs and goals and (v) aligning workplace innovations with workers' learning. In advancing that proposal, this paper draws on the reviews of literature and findings from a three‐decade‐long programme of research in VET provisions in countries with both developed and developing economies, to make a case for VET going beyond responsiveness to meet local communities' needs, advance their capacities and extend their social and economic potentials.
Wood Anatomical and Hydraulic Traits of Tamarix Species Across a Large Eurasian Gradient Show a Stronger Climatic Than Phylogenetic Signal
Authors: Akhmedov Akbar , Bobokandov Nodirjon , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Rzepecki Andreas , Klein Tamir , Villar Jose L. , Thomas Frank M.
Published: February 2025

Aim

Tamarisk (Tamarix) is the predominant but taxonomically complex genus of the Tamaricaceae. The morphologically similar shrub or tree species grow in arid, salt‐influenced habitats of Eurasia and Africa. We sampled woody shoots of seven species at the eastern margin (NW China; T. ramosissima) and the centre (Uzbekistan; T. hispida) of the Indo‐Turanian region as well as at the eastern (Israel; T. aphylla, T. negevensis, T. nilotica) and western margin (southern Spain; T. boveana, T. gallica) of the Mediterranean region, the two diversity centres of the genus. To explore the drivers of intrageneric trait variability, we investigated whether differences in the anatomical‐hydraulic wood traits among the species are related to climate or phylogeny.

Location

Eurasia.

Taxon

Tamarix L. (Tamaricaceae).

Methods

We determined features of wood anatomy and calculated the hydraulic conductivity (kt) and the water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductance (P50). We related these traits to climate variables and to the phylogenetic distances among the species.

Results

Tamarix nilotica, T. negevensis and T. ramosissima exhibited large conduit areas, large hydraulic diameters and high kt, whereas the Spanish species T. gallica and T. boveana displayed high wood densities and a small fraction of large conduits. The phylogenetically distant species T. aphylla and T. hispida took intermediate positions. Tamarix ramosissima, which grows in regions with cold winters and hot‐dry summers, exhibited the most negative P50 values, indicative of a low susceptibility to a failure of the water‐conducting system. Trait differences among the species were unrelated to the species' phylogenetic relatedness but correlated with climate variables.

Main Conclusions

Despite strong similarity in morphology and habitat preferences, Tamarix species displayed significant differences in their anatomical‐hydraulic traits. These differences were related to climate conditions rather than phylogeny and are indicative of specific local adaptations to environmental conditions.
Tiny Hunters Along the Alpine Fault: Integrative Phylobiogeography Demonstrates High Geographic Structure in a Forest‐Dwelling Aotearoa Harvester Genus (Arachnida, Triaenonychidae: Algidia)
Authors: Frigyik Ella , Baker Caitlin M. , Sirvid Phil , Derkarabetian Shahan , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: February 2025

Aim

The archipelago of Aotearoa displays both high biodiversity and a dynamic geologic history, shaped by constantly shifting coastlines and the dramatic effects of glacial cycling on forest cover across the islands. This geographic history has important implications for the evolution of dispersal‐limited forest‐dwelling arthropods, such as Opiliones, which can help us reconstruct key past biogeographic events. In this study, we shed light on the evolutionary history of the triaenonychid genus Algidia Hogg, 1920.

Location

The archipelago of Aotearoa|New Zealand.

Time Period

Late Cretaceous to the present‐day, with particular focus on events in the Oligocene onwards.

Major Taxa Studied

Algidia, Triaenonychidae, Opiliones, Arachnida.

Methods

We utilise an integrative phylobiogeographic approach, incorporating target enrichment sequence capture of ultraconserved elements, divergence dating, species delimitation and ecological niche modeling.

Results

Our genomic data in conjunction with divergence dating find evidence of high geographic structure and the influence of multiple key geologic events in the natural history of Aotearoa, including the origination and continuation of the Alpine Fault, marine transgression during the Oligocene and cycles of glaciation and orogeny that characterised the Pliocene and Pleistocene on the islands. Our results recover 10 putative species, including four that are undescribed. Paleoclimate modelling reflects geographic changes to Aotearoa's coastline which potentially underpin the modern distributions of Algidia, including land bridges in place of the current marine straits Raukawa Moana|Cook Strait and Te Ara‐a‐Kiwa|Foveaux Strait.

Main Conclusions

The phylogeny of Algidia indicates consistent northwards expansion, with the earliest diverging clade, A. homerica, located in Rakiura and southern Te Waipounamu, and subsequently diverging clades moving steadily northwards in their geographic distributions. Diversification of Algidia predates the Oligocene Marine Transgression, lending support to the now well‐established hypothesis that Aotearoa was not fully submerged during the Oligocene. The Alpine Fault seems to be an important feature explaining cladogenesis and diverging populations, including for species found across Raukawa Moana. However, other phenomena, including glaciation, orogeny or continental shifting, are also important explanatory factors in species distributions across Aotearoa.
CTSL Promotes Autophagy in Laryngeal Cancer Through the IL6‐JAK‐STAT3 Signalling Pathway
Authors: Wang Xueying , Wang Junrong , Wang Lei , Song Ming , Meng Hongxue , Guo Erliang , Miao Susheng
Published: February 2025

Cathepsin L (CTSL) is an important oncogene. However, its mechanism of action in laryngeal cancer is still unclear. This study aims to explore the role of CTSL in laryngeal cancer and its clinical significance. Conducting bioinformatics analysis utilising the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Performing CCK8 analysis, Western blotting, qRT‐PCR, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Additionally, conducting immunoprecipitation experiments and immunohistochemical staining to investigate the impact of CTSL on cell proliferation, autophagy and related signalling pathways. We observed a significant upregulation of CTSL in laryngeal cancer tissues, and its elevated levels are indicative of poor prognosis in laryngeal cancer patients. The proliferation of laryngeal cancer cells relies on the expression of CTSL, with overexpression of this gene enhancing the proliferative capacity of these cells. Concurrently, CTSL is closely associated with the autophagic levels in laryngeal cancer cells. During the autophagic process mediated by CTSL, the IL6‐JAK‐STAT3 signalling pathway is activated, suggesting that CTSL promotes autophagy through the IL6‐JAK‐STAT3 pathway. Considering the correlation between CTSL and autophagy, we developed and validated a multi‐gene signature. The risk score derived from this signature demonstrates significant potential in predicting various aspects. We found that CTSL upregulates autophagy in laryngeal cancer cells by activating the IL6‐JAK‐STAT3 signalling pathway. By taking into account the autophagy‐regulating role of CTSL, the clinical predictive ability of CTSL in HNSC can be enhanced.
Sleep regularity in adolescents: Associations with sleep, rest–activity indices, and prospective substance use and depression
Authors: Walsh Rachel F. L. , Maddox Mackenzie A. , Smith Logan T. , Olino Thomas , Zee Phyllis C. , Nusslock Robin , Alloy Lauren B.
Published: February 2025

Sleep is important for adolescent development and has been linked to a variety of mental health difficulties. New research suggests that sleep irregularity may be more clinically relevant than relying on mean values. This study aimed to (1) quantify the relationship between the sleep regularity index (SRI), a novel parameter reflecting the probability that an individual will be in the same state [asleep or awake] 24 h apart, and other actigraphy‐derived sleep and rest–activity metrics, (2) evaluate concurrent and prospective associations between the SRI and mental health symptoms (depressive symptoms and substance use), and (3) test sex as a moderator. At baseline, a community‐based sample of adolescents (n = 295, 56.27% female, 58.98% White, age = 15.44) wore an actiwatch for 1 week to measure rest–activity rhythms and sleep–wake cycles. Actigraphy data were used to derive sleep metrics, SRI, and nonparametric rest–activity indices. Adolescents also completed self‐report measures of substance use and depression at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up. Partial correlations indicated that individuals with more sleep irregularity had less interdaily stability, less robust relative amplitude, lower sleep efficiency, shorter total sleep time, longer sleep onset latency, more social jetlag, and a later sleep midpoint. Regression analyses revealed that sleep irregularity was associated with a lifetime history of substance use, first‐onset substance use, and a prospective increase in depressive symptoms, even after accounting for sleep duration and subjective sleep disturbances. The sleep regularity index may be a potential modifiable risk factor for enhancing adolescent mental health.
Relationship Between Preoperative Fasting Duration and Anxiety Levels With Postoperative Pain, Nausea‐Vomiting, and Sleep Quality in Orthopedic Surgical Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Kirtil İnci , Aydin Ebrar
Published: February 2025

This study is a cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the association between preoperative fasting time and anxiety level and early postoperative pain intensity, nausea‐vomiting severity, and sleep quality in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. The study was conducted between March and June 2024 and completed with 188 patients. In the study, patient information form, Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale, and Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire were used. Correlation analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between postoperative sleep quality and pain intensity. There was a significant positive correlation between preoperative anxiety level and preoperative solid food fasting and fluid fasting times. According to the multiple linear regression model, preoperative anxiety level was found to have a significant effect on pain severity, and pain severity at the postoperative 24th hour significantly affected postoperative sleep quality. Adjusting patients' fasting durations prior to surgical interventions according to evidence‐based guideline recommendations and monitoring anxiety closely are simple, practical, and safe measures that could alleviate postoperative pain and nausea‐vomiting and improve sleep quality, potentially enhancing outcomes, comfort, and the quality of care.
Construction of Internet Plus Wound Care Service Quality Evaluation System Based on Donabedian and SERVQUAL Models—A Delphi‐Analytic Hierarchy Process Study
Authors: Wei Li , Zhang Xin , Li Huimin , Wang Yanmei , Lu Minghui , Chai Qianwen
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to develop an Internet Plus wound care service quality evaluation system within the context of digital and intelligent medical care services. We utilized the Donabedian and SERVQUAL models as the theoretical framework, establishing an initial evaluation system through a literature review and semi‐structured interviews. This evaluation system was refined through two rounds of Delphi expert consultations, and the weights of each level of indicators were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The statistical results indicated a return rate of 100%, with authority coefficients of the experts at 0.898 and 0.906, respectively. The experts' opinions were relatively concentrated and consistent. After two rounds of consultations, the importance values of indicators exceeded 4.5 points, the variation coefficient was below 0.25, and the Kendall coordination coefficients for secondary and tertiary indicators were 0.163 and 0.131, respectively, all with p < 0.001. The final indicator system comprised 3 primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators, and 59 tertiary indicators, demonstrating strong scientific validity and reliability.
Long‐Term Survival in Children Following Heart Transplantation
Authors: Hayes Emily A. , Koehl Devin , Cantor Ryan , Fisher Lauren A. , Azeka Estela , Mokshagundam Deepa , Asante‐Korang Alfred , Rusconi Paolo , O'Connor Matthew J. , Nandi Deipanjan , Kirklin James K. , Boyle Gerard J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Short‐term outcomes following heart transplantation in children have improved, but comparable improvements in long‐term survival continues to have barriers. We sought to investigate long‐term outcomes following heart transplantation and to identify protective and risk factors associated with long‐term survival in children.

Methods

The Pediatric Heart Transplant Society (PHTS) database was queried for heart transplant recipients from 1993 to 2010 who were ≤ 10 years of age at time of transplant. Patients with conditional graft survival > 3 years and at ≥ 10 years were analyzed. Survival and time‐to‐event were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method with a log‐rank test for significance. Factors associated with graft loss were identified using Cox proportional hazard modeling.

Results

There were 1610 patients ≤ 10 year of age who were transplanted between 1993 and 2010 with conditional survival to 3 years post‐transplant. Of those patients, there were 1170 with conditional survival to 10 years post‐transplant. Patients < 1 year at transplant had improved survival compared to other age groups. Risk factors for graft loss after 3 years post‐transplant were malignancy, rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), age, congenital heart disease, female sex, and Black race (p value for all < 0.05).

Conclusions

Heart transplantation remains an effective therapy in children with a growing number of long‐term survivors. Risk factors for mortality in patients ≤ 10 years of age at transplant with conditional survival to 3 years post‐transplant include CAV, rejection, malignancy, female sex, and Black race. Further studies are needed to understand the social and biologic causes of racial and sex disparities in pediatric transplant patients.
Unravelling Candidate Genes Associated With Blast Disease Resistance in an Elite Green Super Rice Varietal Panel Using Genome‐Wide Association Study
Authors: Saxena Harshita , Murugaiyan Varunseelan , Ghimire Bikash , Robiso Christian John , De Asis Erik Jon , Yanoria Mary Jeanie , Raymer Paul L. , Bahri Bochra Amina , Ali Jauhar
Published: February 2025

Rice blast disease, caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, significantly threatens global rice crops leading to yield losses worldwide. Given that existing resistance genes often fail to control rice blast due to the evolution of new virulent strains, identifying novel genes using modern breeding tools to enhance partial resistance is crucial for developing more durable and effective control measures. Here, we used a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) with 2698 high‐throughput single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to analyse 134 rice cultivars from the Green Super Rice breeding programme against two virulent rice blast isolates, M101‐1‐2‐9‐1 (M101) and M64‐1‐3‐9‐1 (M64). GWAS identified 12 potential quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for blast resistance: five against M101 on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 and seven against M64 on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 6 and 12, with no QTL in common against both. Notably, qM101_2 is within the 500 kb linkage disequilibrium (LD) block containing the known resistance gene Pib on chromosome 2, and qM64_12.1 and qM64_12.2 are within the Pi‐ta and Ptr gene cluster on chromosome 12. The remaining nine QTLs represented novel blast disease resistance sources. The identified candidate genes, including those encoding nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeats domains, protein kinases, resistance gene analogues and pathogenesis‐related proteins, may serve as a foundation for further studies to explore their potential role in enhancing disease resistance in rice.
Systematics and evolutionary history of raft and nursery‐web spiders (Araneae: Dolomedidae and Pisauridae)
Authors: Yu Kuang‐Ping , Cheng Ren‐Chung , Haddad Charles R. , Tanikawa Akio , Pett Brogan L. , Piacentini Luis N. , Yip Ho Yin , Suzuki Yuya , Henrard Arnaud , Painting Christina J. , Vink Cor J. , Hebets Eileen A. , Harvey Mark S. , Kuntner Matjaž
Published: February 2025

Pisauridae are a global and heterogeneous assemblage of spider genera with diverse morphologies and lifestyles. So far, the monophyly of Pisauridae and the inclusion of fishing spiders (Dolomedes) in this family have not been thoroughly tested. Here, we amend the systematics and classification of these lineages within a UCE phylogenomic framework and through a detailed morphological reappraisal. For estimations of their evolutionary age, we perform and compare outcomes from two divergence estimation approaches, an a posteriori likelihood, and an a priori Bayesian. Phylogenies reject the monophyly of both Pisauridae and Dolomedes: (1) Focal Clade I groups true Pisauridae genera including Pisaura; (2) Focal Clade II contains Blandinia and is sister to Trechaleidae and Lycosidae; (3) Focal Clade III groups Dolomedes, Megadolomedes, and Ornodolomedes, and is sister to Blandinia, Trechaleidae, and Lycosidae. We therefore propose to delimit Pisauridae by removing Dolomedidae rank resurrected (including Dolomedes, Bradystichus, Megadolomedes, Caledomedes, Mangromedes, Ornodolomedes, and Tasmomedes) and Blandinia incertae sedis. Likelihood and Bayesian time calibration approaches yield comparable divergence estimations: Pisauridae origin is estimated at 29–40 Ma; Blandinia 21–34 Ma; Dolomedidae 10–17 Ma; Dolomedes 9–16 Ma. Reconstructions suggest that the evolution of terrestrial and web‐building lifestyles from semi‐aquatic ancestors in Pisauridae coincided with cooling and drying climates during the mid‐Miocene, but this was not the case in the few recent cases of terrestrialization in Dolomedes species. This historic reconstruction illustrates how climatic changes, or rapid radiation, can drive lifestyle diversification.
The Impact of Social Media Usage on the Effectiveness of Military Recruitment: The Moderating Role of Economic Conditions
Authors: Toni Toni , Haliansyah Haliansyah
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of social media usage on military recruitment effectiveness and assesses the moderating role of economic conditions in the Jakarta region. By using social media usage like Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Tik Tok, this study investigates how these platforms enhance recruitment processes by targeting specific demographics, improving communication, and fostering engagement within various economic conditions. This study employs a quantitative research design with a case study approach focused on the Jakarta region. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 350 respondents, including military recruiters and potential recruits. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) PLS. The findings show a significant positive relationship between social media usage and recruitment effectiveness. Platforms like Instagram and YouTube demonstrated higher effectiveness due to their visual and interactive nature. The moderating analysis revealed that economic conditions significantly influenced the relationship, with areas experiencing higher unemployment rates showing a stronger impact of social media campaigns on recruitment success. The results of this study contribute to the growing literature on digital marketing and recruitment by highlighting the importance of social media utilisation in recruitment strategies in military organisations. Additionally, this research provides insights for policymakers in military organisations in optimising recruitment strategies to align with regional economic dynamics and technological trends.
Erratum to: Specific Features of Modeling Nanofluid Flows (a Review)
Authors: Rudyak V. Ya.
Published: February 2025

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0015462824010014
Tracing the History and Evolution of Dark Patterns on Twitter from 2010-2021
Authors: Obi Ike , Gray Colin , Chivukula Shruthi , Duane Ja-Nae , Johns Janna , Will Matthew , Li Ziqing , Carlock Thomas
Published: February 2025

Designers’ use of deceptive and manipulative design practices have become increasingly ubiquitous, impacting users’ ability to make choices that respect their agency and autonomy. These practices have been popularly defined through the term “dark patterns” which has gained attention from designers, privacy scholars, and more recently, legal scholars and regulators. The increased interest in the concept of dark patterns across a range of practitioners and users motivated us to study the evolution of the concept and highlight the future trajectory of conversations around dark patterns and similar activist movements that utilize social computing platforms. In this paper, we examine the history and evolution of the Twitter discourse around
#darkpatterns
from its inception in June 2010 until April 2021, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to describe how this discourse has changed over time. We frame these conversations through a new concept of
socio-technical activism
, whereby participants unite in order to identify and fight back against problematic technology and design practices. We discuss the potential future trajectories of this discourse and opportunities for further social computing scholarship at the intersection of design, policy, and online activism.