bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal association between interparental conflict and risk-taking behavior among Chinese adolescent: Testing a moderated mediation model
Authors: Ye Wan-Yu , Dou Kai , Wang Lin-Xin , Lin Xiaoqi , Zhang Ming-Chen
Published: December 2021

Objective: Grounded in ecological system theory , this study considers the longitudinal association between interparental conflict (IPC) and risk-taking behavior among adolescents and investigates the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms. Background: IPC has been shown to have a detrimental impact on adolescent behavior development. However, little is known about the processing mechanisms underlying the association of IPC and risk-taking behavior from an ecosystem perspective. Method: This study conducted a longitudinal design (3 time points, 3 months apart) with the sample comprising 550 middle school students in southeastern China (52.91% males; mean age at Time 1 = 15.37). The performed measurements encompassed IPC (T1), deviant peer affiliation (T2), school climate (T3), risk-taking behavior (T1/T2/T3), and demographic information. Results: The moderated mediation model revealed that after controlling for T1/T2 risk-taking behavior, T1 IPC was longitudinally and positively correlated with T3 risk-taking behavior through T2 deviant peer affiliation. Furthermore, the indirect effect of T2 deviant peer affiliation was significantly stronger under a low-level T3 school climate. Conclusion: Adolescent risk-taking behavior is the joint effect of risk factors from multiple microsystems. Specifically , IPC is associated with higher levels of deviant peer affiliation, which, in turn, are associated with more risk-taking behavior. Moreover, the negative school climate serves as a risk factor to enhance the adverse impact of deviant peer affiliation on adolescents' risk-taking behavior.
Preschoolers’ extroversion influences their propensity and motivation to conform to peer testimony
Authors: Hellmer Kahl , Stenberg Gunilla , Fawcett Christine
Published: December 2021

Uncovering the sources of individual differences in children's propensity and motivation to conform helps us to understand the nature of conforming behavior as well as variation in how children make use of social information sources. The current study highlights: High and low extroversion children are more prone to conform; Low extroversion children conform with informational motivation; High extroversion children conform more often with a normative motivation; Social engagement level is important for conformity propensity and motivation.
Quantifier spreading and the question under discussion
Authors: Skordos Dimitrios , Myers Allyson , Barner David
Published: December 2021

Children often display non-adult-like behaviors when reasoning with quantifiers and logical connectives in natural language. A classic example of this is the symmetrical interpretation of universally quantified statements like “Every girl is riding an elephant”, which children often reject as false when they are used to describe a scene with, e.g., three girls each riding an elephant and a fourth elephant without a rider. We present evidence that children’s understanding of these sentences is not attributable to syntactic, semantic, or general processing limitations. Instead, in two experiments, we argue that children’s behavior stems primarily from difficulty in correctly identifying the speaker’s intended “question under discussion”, and that when this question is made contextually unambiguous, children’s judgments are almost completely adultlike.
CAT-Q MSCS BASC2 Pre-Print
Authors: Aime Hilary , Scheerer Nichole , Boucher Troy , Iarocci Grace
Published: December 2021

Background: Camouflaging, defined as the use of strategies to compensate for or hide autistic traits, is associated with internalizing behaviour (i.e., anxiety and depression) in both autistic and non-autistic people. Non-autistic adults who have poorer social competence tend to engage in more camouflaging, thus it’s unclear whether the increase in internalizing behaviour associated with camouflaging may be explained by poor social competence, rather than camouflaging itself. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research on camouflaging and internalizing behaviour among non-autistic people through examination of the role of social competence. Methods: In this study, 315 non-autistic young adults completed the Multidimensional Social Competence Scale (MSCS) to assess their social competence, the Camouflaging of Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) to assess their use of camouflaging strategies, and the Behaviour Assessment Scale for Children 2 – Self-Report of Personality, College Version (BASC-2 SRP-COL) to assess their internalizing behaviour. Results: We found that camouflaging predicted internalizing behaviour among non-autistic young adults after controlling for social competence, autistic traits, age, IQ, and gender. Camouflaging partially mediated the relationship between social competence and internalizing behaviours. Conclusions: These results suggest that the use of camouflaging strategies is uniquely associated with internalizing behaviour over and above social competence and may, in part, contribute to the increased internalizing behaviours observed in individuals with poorer social competence.
A critical discourse analysis of selected news reports of South Africa xenophobic attacks of Nigerians
Authors:   eneral Studies Unit, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Nigeria., Oyedeji Gideon Abioye , Idris Nabila Idoko ,   eneral Studies Unit, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Published: December 2021

The incessant xenophobic attacks of Nigerians and other foreign nationals in South Africa have generated a unique discourse in the Nigerian media and in fact, other mainstream media on the African continent and international scene. These attacks are viewed by the international community as incompatible with 21st century civility. This paper therefore, engages the reports of selected news media in Nigeria, South African and other media houses with a view to explicating the ideologies that underpin each report seeing through the insight of Van Dijk, Norman Fairclough and Ruth Wodak’s models of Critical Discourse Analysis. A total of 10 report on the 2015-2019 xenophobia were purposively selected from the online outlets of these media houses. The study therefore found that the use of language by the Nigerian media shows that the polarisation tilted towards emphasising the positive ‘in-group’ description of the heinous acts visited on innocent Nigerians in South Africa whereas the South African and other news media brought to perspective the negative ‘out-group’ description of “some” Nigerians who are engaged in illegal businesses in their South Africa. The lexical choices contribute in significant ways to show the ideologies each reporters represent. The study submits that, these attacks by South Africans on fellow African Nationals are nefarious, iniquitous, atrocious and roguish perhaps because of their colonial experience.
Chapter One: Ancient Eleon in Boeotia: An Overview of the Greek–Canadian Excavations
Authors: Burke Brendan , Burns Bryan , Charami Alexandra , MacKay Camilla
Published: December 2021

The first phase of Greek–Canadian excavations at the site of ancient Eleon in eastern Boeotia was conducted from 2011 to 2015. Fieldwork on the elevated plateau located between Thebes and the Euboean Gulf provided new evidence for occupation of Bronze Age and historical periods. Tombs of the early Mycenaean period have been found within and around a funerary structure known as the Blue Stone Structure. By the later Mycenaean period, settlement deposits dating to the Late Helladic IIIA and IIIB periods include evidence for participation in regional economic and crafting networks. Substantial Postpalatial settlement remains allow a better understanding of domestic architecture through several phases of reconstruction in the Late Helladic IIIC period, as well as industrial and ceremonial practices. Excavations have yet to locate evidence for domestic activity on the acropolis during the Iron Age, but the site is renewed in the Archaic period by the construction of the a major polygonal wall and associated entryway on the east side. Deposits here of fineware ceramics and figurines suggest that a cult focused on female divinity was active throughout the fifth century bc.
Chapter Five: The Archaic and Classical Figurines
Authors: Bertram Haley
Published: December 2021

The terracotta figurines and protomai from Eleon form a compelling corpus of evidence for activity on the acropolis during the Archaic and Classical periods. This chapter provides an overview of the figurines recovered in the first five years of excavation at Eleon. A chronological survey relies on stylistic analysis, as nearly all come from the ramped entryway to the site, either built into the fill of the ramp itself in secondary deposition, or in later pits disrupting these levels. The assemblage is composed of a range of handmade and moldmade female figurines in seated and standing postures; the lingering Archaic type of the early Classical period is prevalent among these. Given their quantity and the nature of the associated material, it can reasonably be assumed that the figurines are linked to votive activity on the hilltop, although specifics elude us beyond association with a female deity. Dedication of the figurines peaked in the mid-fifth century, at least 25 years after the construction of the polygonal wall. This may be indicative of shifts in votive practice over time, as well as developments in local terracotta production before the emergence of a “Boeotian” coroplastic style.
“Does Everybody Want the Hollywood Fairytale?” Same-Sex Couples Hinting at the Second Demographic Transition in Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Guedes de Souza Luísa , Miranda-Ribeiro Paula
Published: December 2021

This article examines same-sex couples as a sign of the Second Demographic Transition, investigating how gay and lesbian couples living together in Brasília build their family, whether they intend to have children, and what challenges they face. We conducted semi-structured interviews online to investigate the family formation process and parenting intentions of 42 couples living together in Brasília in 2019, 20 lesbian and 22 gay couples. The organizing themes in the interviews were marriage, children, work, and stigma. This study advances existing scholarship on families by articulating points of connection between the legal institution of same-sex marriage in Brazil, changing social norms regarding family life, and parental gender expectations as signs of the Second Demographic Transition. Studying same-sex couples contribute to a more complex understanding of the family, the gendered division of labor, and the dimension of fertility and parenting intentions.
Proyecciones de población de áreas menores: el caso de las proyecciones comunales en Chile para 2002-2035
Authors: Alegría Andrés Rafael , Ghío Suárez Gonzalo Cristian , Peláez Enrique
Published: December 2021

Este artículo pone en discusión la metodología empleada para realizar las proyecciones de población comunales de Chile. Estas constituyen un insumo relevante para los tomadores de decisión y técnicos de gobierno locales como instrumentos útiles y con base estadística para la realización de adecuados diagnósticos sobre la evolución poblacional. Asimismo, se presentan las bases metodológicas y las técnicas para la elaboración de las proyecciones comunales de Chile realizadas el año 2019. En primer lugar se realiza una introducción y justificación del proyecto. Posteriormente se describe la función logística de proporciones que fue utilizada para realizar las estimaciones y proyecciones de población. A continuación se presentan las fuentes de datos utilizadas en el análisis sociodemográfico que se realizó para el ajuste de la proyección establecida mediante la función logística. Luego se explica el procedimiento utilizado para la apertura por edades de las estimaciones y proyecciones realizadas. Finalmente, se presentan las reflexiones finales.
TRANSFORMATION OF WESTERN PODILLIA TRADITIONAL DANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL FESTIVAL MOVEMENT
Authors: Liudmyla Shchur  , Bohdan Vodianyi  , Valentyna Vodiana
Published: December 2021

The article covers the issue of transformation of traditional dance in the context of festival movement in the particular region and Ukraine as a whole. The research article analyses the functioning of art folklore festivals on the territory of Western Podillia. The study investigates the organization of art festivals of the region in historical and chronological perspective and presents the key tasks for their holding. The article partially covers the activities of some dance and folk-ritual groups of Western Podillia, which are active participants and popularisers of folk art, in particular of local traditional dances. The study reveals the issues related to the functioning and development of traditional dance in terms of folklorism, which is implemented during the «Ternopil talismans», regional festival of folk crafts, folklore and choreography, which hosts the «Ternopil Polka», festival of authentic dance (Ternopil); «Red guilder-rose», folk dance festival (Ternopil); «Bells of Lemko region», All-Ukrainian festival of Lemko culture (Bychova tract of Monastyryskyi district); «Embroidery blossoms in Borshchiv region», annual All-Ukrainian Folklore and Art Festival (Borshchiv) and other local festivals. The article highlights the importance of organizing and holding regional local holidays and folklore and art festivals in the context of the revival of the national and cultural identity of Western Podillia as an integral part of Ukraine.
Perioperative Concerns For An Infant with Stuve-Wiedemann Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: J. Mariani Christopher , J. Mariani Christopher , Fuzaylov Gennadiy
Published: December 2021

Stuve-Wiedmann syndrome (SWS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with skeletal
abnormalities and dysautonomia, including hyperthermia. There are few reported anaesthetics of SWS
patients. As a result, little is known about anaesthetic care for these patients. We report a case of SWS that
was confirmed by identification of a disease-causing mutation in the LIFR gene. We discuss anaesthetic
challenges associated with management of these patients, especially as it pertains to the historical
association between SWS and malignant hyperthermia. We recommend a conservative approach to
management of these patients given their propensity for fevers and the variable penetrance of the malignant
hyperthermia phenotype when found in association with other genetic variations.
Sex and socioeconomic status were also significant risk factors: “AT for the rs10757278 polymorphism”
Authors: Chen Vkihih-Hwa
Published: December 2021

Background: Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in chromosomal region 9p21 have been associated with cardiovascular disease, most of these studies in European populations. We have no knowledge of studies conducted in admixed populations populations as the Latin Americans. For this reason we decided to study the association of SNPs rs2383206, rs10757274 and rs10757278, together with some non-genetic factors with arterial thrombotic events (AT), in individuals from the north-eastern portion of Venezuela. Methods: Gender, age and non-genetic risk variables were evaluated in 119 patients with AT and 119 control subjects. Genotypes were identified using TaqMan probes. The odds ratio (OR) for genotypes alone and in conjunction with non-genetic variables were estimated. Results: There was a consistent association of rs10757278 with AT, increased in males (OR=2.38). The medium-low socioeconomic status also confers a significant risk for AT in both sexes (OR=4.04). Haplotypes with at least two A alleles, proved to be protective (OR=0.53) in developing arterial thrombosis. Conclusions: There was a consistent association with AT for the rs10757278 polymorphism, increased in males. Sex and socioeconomic status were also significant risk factors in this study reinforcing the importance in studying other variables such as environmental and sex differences together with the genetic structure of each population when analyzing risks for AT diseases. These results serve as a guide when searching for markers of risk for this disease common in Venezuela.
Secret Sonic Weapons’ War Lead To Carcinogenesis
Authors: Skopec Robert
Published: December 2021

State Department evacuates a number of Americans from the U.S. consulate in Guangzhou, China after they experienced unexplained health issues. A group of U.S. diplomats stationed in China have been brought back to the states after being inflicted by a mystery illness that reportedly resembles the brain injuries previously suffered by staff in Cuba. Heather Nauert, a State Department spokeswoman, said in a statement that the individuals from the U.S. office in Guangzhou were returned home for further evaluation. It was unclear if there was any connection to last year’s situation in Cuba where 24 U.S. government employees experienced a range of ailments after hearing an unusual sound.
Significant increase in the dominant lethal mutations: benzo(a)pyrene
Authors: M Shiva kumar , Sadasivan Sadasivan , Chanderasekharan Chanderasekharan , Moolemath Yogananda , M Oomme Anup
Published: December 2021

Background: Use of biomarkers particularly under in vivo condition is of importance in risk assessment. This study is proposed to identify the in vivo antigenotoxic potential using dominant lethal mutation test in B(a)P exposed, turmeric fed animals and evaluate the role of turmeric in counteracting the germ cell mutations. Methods: Twenty four male mice were taken and divided into 4 groups each group containing 6 mice/group. The first and second group received stock diet (control) while the third and fourth groups received 5% turmeric diet for a period of one month. At the end of feeding period, second and fourth group received a single dose of benzo(a)pyrene 1mg/mouse intraperitoneally. After 1 week each male mouse was mated to 3 female mice at 1,4, 8 and 12 week intervals. On 13th day from mid point of mating, the females were sacrificed and live and dead embryos were counted to study the pre and post implantation loss of embryos. The differences in the frequencies of pre and post implant deaths were done by comparing treated with control group at 4-time periods by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square test which is used to compare treatment group and positive control with negative control. Results: Feeding of 5% turmeric and treatment with a single dose of B(a)P did not show any significant effect on the mutagenic index or the frequency of pregnancy in treated groups compared with control. There was no apparent induction of dominant lethal mutations in B(a)P or B(a)P+Turmeric treated groups. No post implantation dominant lethal effects produced by B(a)P could be detected in this study. The induction of B(a)P and treatment with turmeric did not influence the dominant lethal test. Conclusion: B(a)P did not produce a significant increase in the dominant lethal mutations. Turmeric also did not give any positive response and may be considered as non-mutagenic. The negative result suggests that under the conditions of the test the test substance may not be genotoxic in the germ cell of the treated sex of the test species.
Primary Bilateral Papilledema Due Myxedema
Authors: Saluba Bawaskar Himmatrao
Published: December 2021

Hypothyroidism is a highly prevalent disorder and can substantially impact the well-being of an individual. Till date there is no single accurate optimal target zone for thyroid stimulating hormone concentration that exists in the context of replacement of thyroid hormone. Due to the gradually progressive nature and insidious onset of disease, it often remains unrecognized
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia after Breast Cancer Radiotherapy and letrozole: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Aurélia Alati , Pierre Clavère , Sophie Leobon
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia occurs with prevalence rate 1–3% after breast conservative treatment in series. In response to radiation of a lung or surrounding tissues, an inflammatory reaction can affect both lungs and is located within the radiation field. Characteristic imaging features include multiple alveolar opacities and diffuse ground-glass shadows. Letrozole may induce iatrogenic organizing pneumonia. Materials and methods: we report the case of a 76-year-old female who underwent conservative treatment for an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Hypofractionated radiotherapy was delivered with a total dose of 42.5 Gy in 16 sessions of 2.65 Gy using a three-dimensional technique. After the radiotherapy ended letrozole was indicated. Results: Several weeks after the radiotherapy ended and letrozole was introduced, she described a flu-like syndrome. Samples were negative, and there was no improvement after four courses of antibiotics. Imaging suggested bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Her symptomatology lessened after the letrozole was discontinued, and 11 months after radiotherapy finished, her imaging results were clear. Conclusion: Physicians must consider bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Cases may increase with hypofractionated radiation treatment and new drugs. Letrozole may potentiate the risk. Dosimetry may be adapted to the lung and subpleural areas for patients with risk factors and taking adjuvant or concurrent drugs with potential pneumotoxicity.
Board attributes, ownership structure and risk management: A proposed model for insurance firms in Nigeria
Authors: Nasiru Muhammed , Ahmed Hannatu Sabo
Published: December 2021

As a response to the weaknesses in corporate governance and risk management created by the 2007/2008 financial crises, Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) becomes imperative, especially in the financial sector. Therefore, in understanding the board's responsibility in ensuring good governance through ERM implementation, two fundamental questions need to be answered; what determines the makeup of the board? And what determines boards' action? Consequently, this study proposed a conceptual framework for investigating the moderating role of ownership structure on the relationship between board attributes and risk management of insurance firms in Nigeria using the model approach. Hence, the control, resource acquisition, and service roles of the board as explained by agency, stewardship, and resource dependence theories explain this relationship. Board attributes are measured by board composition, board structure, board characteristics, and board process, ownership structure is measured by ownership concentration, board ownership, and foreign ownership, and ERM is measured using the disclosure index. Findings from the review of literature reveal that governance attributes in board attributes-risk management relationships have been measured on single or fragmented criteria, leading to contradictory or conflicting findings. Hence, the significance of the study lies in the conceptualization and choice of board attributes as explained by board roles and an integrative theoretical perspective to propose the choice of board attributes in the board attributes-risk management relationship and how ownership structure can influence the relationship, adding to the existing literature onboard attributes, ownership structure, and risk management.
Kajian Hubungan Panjang Bobot Ikan Belanak (Mugilidae) Di Perairan Sei Ladi Kota Tanjungpinang
Authors: Jamaludin Jamaludin , Susiana Susiana
Published: December 2021

Mugilidae merupakan jenis ikan belanak yang dominan di beberapa perairan Indonesia dan larvanya banyak dijumpai di perairan pantai dekat muara-muara sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang dan bobot ikan betina dan jantan di Perairan Sei Ladi Kelurahan Kampung Bugis Kota Tanjungpinang. Metode Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei lapang dan pengumpulan data primer yang dilakukan dengan cara mengambil sampel ikan Belanak, data yang diperoleh berupa data panjang total dan bobot Ikan Belanak. Hasil penelitian pertumbuhan panjang dan bobot pada ikan belanak di perairan Sei Ladi memiliki nilai b=0,0032 pada ikan belanak jantan yang berarti memiliki pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif karena lebih kecil dari 3 (b<3), dan pada ikan betina di peroleh nilai b=0,0621 yang menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif karena nilai b nya kurang dari 3 (b<3).
PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN PADA USAHA RUMAHAN
Authors: Munthe Inge Lengga Sari , Sari Rizki Yuli
Published: December 2021

Tujuan kegiatan ini agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman mitra tentang klasifikasi biaya dan perhitungan harga pokokproduksi serta manajemen pemasaran. Pelaku bisnis ada di bidang produksi maupun non produksi, di bidang produksi berarti pelaku bisnis membuat produk atau barang dari bahan mentah menjadi barang jadi, sedangkan di bidang non produksi pelaku bisnis menawarkan jasa. Peluang usaha rumahan yang banyak dilakukan antara lain usaha kuliner, usaha laundry dan usaha salon. Usaha rumahan membutuhkan modal baik itu modal materi atau pun non materi. Metode pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara sosialisasi . Tim membantu melakukan perhitungan harga pokok produksi untuk menentukan harga produk dengan  cara mengklasifikasi biaya ke dalam biaya produksi dan biaya non produksi dan mensosialisasikan metode pemasaran produk. Setelah diberikan pelatihan para peserta mengakui mereka memiliki kemampuan dan keterampilan yang memadai dalam membuat pencatatan perhitungan biaya produksi. Para peserta berupaya akan melakukan pencatatan untuk setiap aktivitas produksi yang mereka lakukan. Dalam hal lain, para peserta mendapatkan kemampuan lain yaitu membuat kegiatan promosi produk yang bersifat penjualan online di media sosial. Upaya tersebut memberikan manfaat perluasan jangkauan promosi produk yang harapannya dapat meningkatkan penjualan produk.
TRANSPLANTASI KARANG SEBAGAI UPAYA KONSERVASI TERUMBU KARANG DI KAMPUNG BARU, LAGOI, BINTAN
Authors: Kurniawan Dedy , Putra Risandi Dwirama , Susiana Susiana , Jumsurizal Jumsurizal , Febrianto Try , Putri Dwi Septiani , Hasnarika Hasnarika , Ramlan M
Published: December 2021

Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang rentan terhadap kerusakan. Berbagai aktivitas manusia yang tidak ramah lingkungan dan perubahan iklim global telah menyebabkan kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang mengalami kerusakan, sehingga kondisi tutupan karang hidup yang baik semakin menurun, sementara yang mengalami kerusakan semakin meningkat. Untuk menjaga kondisi dan kelestarian ekosistem terumbu karang di Perairan Desa Sebong Lagoi agar tidak menurun, maka diperlukan suatu upaya konservasi terumbu karang. Salah satu upaya konservasi yang dapat dilakukan yaitu kegiatan transplantasi karang. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM) ini adalah diharapkan kelompok masyarakat Kampung Baru, Desa Sebong Lagoi mampu melakukan kegiatan transplantasi karang, mulai dari tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, hingga perawatan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu memberikan pengenalan dan pelatihan kegiatan tranplantasi karang kepada kelompok masyarakat Kampung Baru, Desa Sebong Lagoi mulai dari kegiatan persiapan dalam memilih lokasi dan peralatan yang dibutuhkan, pelaksanaan kegiatan transplantasi yaitu pemilihan induk dan metode transplantasi karang, serta pendampingan sehingga mampu mengaplikasikan kegiatan transplantasi dan perawatan transplantasi karang. Kegiatan ini mendapat respon positif dan antusias dari Kelompok Masyarakat Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) dan masyarakat Kampung Baru Desa Sebong Lagoi terkait kegiatan pengabdian tersebut, serta kegiatan pengabdian dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk pelatihan secara tatap muka dengan masyarakat, namun dengan memperhatikan protokol Covid-19.
International legal mechanism for ensuring the right of women prisoners to health.
Authors: Syroid Tetyana
Published: December 2021

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of international legal acts regulating the right of women prisoners to health; focuses on problematic issues that need to be addressed, including: creating a safe environment for the health of women prisoners, provision of medical care, protection during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article highlights provisions of the following universal and regional acts of a general nature, which regulate the provision of medical care to prisoners and establish special rules on the status of women prisoners: the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules) (1955 amended); European Prison Rules (2006); the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules) (2010). The materials of the international specialized structures of the United Nations, in particular the World Health Organization, namely its European Regional Office, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, etc., which focus on ensuring the right of women prisoners to health, have also been considered. They are: “Health in prisons. A WHO guide to the essentials in prison health” (2008), “Women’s health in prison. Action guidance and checklists to review current policies and practices” (2011), “Prisons and Health” (2014), Joint Statement of International Global Health Institutions, during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime position paper outlining COVID-19 preparedness and responses in prisons etc. The emphasis is placed on practical significance of the webinars “Building Networks Behind Prison Walls” initiated by the United Nations and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, which exchange positive practices, develop common approaches to prevention and treatment of certain diseases, continuity of providing medical care for those in need after release, reintegration of prisoners after release into local communities. Relevant conclusions and recommendations have been made in order to improve the situation in the area of ensuring the right of women prisoners to health and the provision of medical care.
Political and constitutional-legal transformations in Central Asia countries (1991–2021).
Authors: Khalapsis Oleksiy , Poplavskyi Oleh , Levin Oleh
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to determine the specifics of political processes related to decommunization in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan), to study the variability of the main vectors of post-Soviet transformations of the respective societies. Reforms in Kazakhstan could theoretically pave the way for civil society, but so far they are more of an imitation. Uzbekistan is distinguished by the state's struggle against Islamic fundamentalism, which gave rise to Islam Karimov to pursue a tough internal policy. Democratization shifts after his death, but the prospects and irreversibility of these reforms are now highly questionable. Kyrgyzstan is the only society in which civil protest has real force, but the presence of clan-patriarchal system, ethnic conflicts, the tendency to use force and the weakness of the central government do not allow building a civil society in this country. Turkmenistan is characterized by boundless authoritarianism, and Tajikistan is the only country that has survived a fierce civil war in which the Islamic religion is most powerful. Each of the five Central Asian states has its own unique characteristics, but none of them has built a civil and democratic society, and the transformation cause of political regimes into democracies remains at the level of rhetoric. In these countries, political alterations have affected mainly the area of institutions, without changing the semi-feudal procedures and practices, and the process of democratization itself has been limited to pseudo-reforms. Civilizational and local-cultural features make the values of civil society unattractive not only for political elites, but also for the majority of the population, thus in the near future we can hardly expect significant progress in this direction. Moreover, Central Asian countries are under the influence of three powerful regional leaders –Russia, China and Iran – whose cultural and historical values are far from Western liberal-democratic ones. The situation is further complicated by the factor of Islamic fundamentalism, which will almost certainly intensify after the Taliban's victory in Afghanistan.
On the Subject of Testamentary Burden against the Background of German Law
Authors: Trzewik Jacek
Published: December 2021

The making of a last will and testament by a testator is an act in law. The testator is entitled to make specific dispositions to execute their last will, such as identifying an heir, making ordinary or vindication legacies, or appointing an executor of the will. At the same time, the number of potential aims intended to be achieved by the testator corresponds to the number of possible life situations that cannot be resolved through the testator’s dispositions regarding their estate. It is therefore necessary to equip the testator with such legal means that will allow them to achieve both material and non-material objectives. This is the role of the institution of testamentary burden. It has been regulated in the Polish legal system only superficially; therefore, the author refers to the legacy of German legislation to offer a better understanding of the solution.
Subakut malathion uygulamasının oksidatif stres biyobelirteçlerine etkisi
Authors: DEVECİ Haci Ahmet , NUR Gökhan , AKSU KILIÇLE Pinar
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada malathionun oksidatif stres biyobelirteçleri ve karaciğer enzimleri üzerine etkileri ile kafeik asit fenetil esterin malathiona karşı koruyuculuğunun araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmada her grupta 10 adet hayvan olacak şekilde toplam 40 adet (200-240 g) erişkin erkek Spraque Dawley ırkı rat kullanıldı. Çalışmada kontrol (K) grubuna gavaj yoluyla 5 ml/kg mısır yağı, malathion (MAL) grubuna gavaj yoluyla 40 mg/kg malathion, malathion+kafeik asit fenetil ester (MAL+CAPE) grubuna intraperitoneal yolla CAPE (10 µmol/kg) ve 1 saat sonra gavaj yoluyla malathion (40 mg/kg), kafeik asit fenetil ester (CAPE) grubuna ise intraperitoneal yolla CAPE (10 µmol/kg) uygulandı. 15 günlük uygulama sonunda ratların ketamin/ksilazin anestezi altında intrakardiyak olarak kanları alındı ve hayvanlara servikal dislokasyon yöntemi uygulandı. Alınan kan örneklerinden elde edilen plazmada paraoksonaz (PON), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) aktiviteleri ile yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein (HDL), malondialdehit (MDA) ve nitrik oksit (NO) düzeyleri analiz edildi. Analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, kontrol grubuna göre MAL ve MAL+CAPE gruplarında plazma PON aktivitesi ve HDL düzeylerinde azalma (P
Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan
Authors: Kawar Mary
Published: December 2021

This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed adulthood. It looks at a specific “time” in the social and economic lives of households and individuals. Within this context, the paper constructs a profile of employment characteristics of adult household members to explore the intersecting influences of age and gender and the specific positions of young women. It then addresses how normative gender and generation hierarchies within households respond to these phenomena of young women’s work, their prolonged single status, and their expanding horizons.
Philippines and Senegal: Services improve quality of care but fail to increase FP continuation
Authors:   Frontiers in Reproductive Health
Published: December 2021

In 1999, Frontiers in Reproductive Health collaborated on studies on the impact of interventions to improve quality of care in the Philippines and Senegal. The two interventions were part of a multicountry Population Council study (also undertaken in Pakistan and Zambia) to test whether improving quality affects women’s contraceptive continuation. The Philippines study focused on training in family planning (FP), supportive supervision, and refresher courses to improve client-provider interaction. The Senegal study compared the impact of improved quality of care at five newly established “reference centers” with five clinics that served as controls. Data were gathered through analyses of quality of care at all 10 sites in 1997, when the reference centers had begun implementation, and in 1998, 16 months later. As detailed in this brief, the introduction of client-centered service delivery with a focus on the client-provider interaction resulted in better quality of care at sites in the Philippines and Senegal. However, improving quality of care alone was not found to be sufficient to significantly increase the length of time women continued to use contraception.
Anti-trafficking programs in South Asia: Appropriate activities, indicators and evaluation methodologies
Authors: Huntington Dale
Published: December 2021

Throughout South Asia, men, women, boys, and girls are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders against their wills in what is essentially a clandestine slave trade. The Congressional Research Service and the U.S. State Department estimate that between 1 to 2 million people are trafficked each year worldwide with the majority originating in Asia. Root causes include extreme disparities of wealth, increased awareness of job opportunities far from home, pervasive inequality due to caste, class, and gender bias, lack of transparency in regulations governing labor migration, poor enforcement of internationally agreed-upon human rights standards, and the enormous profitability for traffickers. The Population Council, UNIFEM, and PATH led a participatory approach to explore activities that address the problem of human trafficking in South Asia. A meeting was held in Kathmandu, Nepal, September 11– 13, 2001 to discuss these issues. Approximately 50 representatives from South Asian institutions, United Nations agencies, and international and local NGOs attended. This report summarizes the principal points from each paper presented and captures important discussion points that emerged from each panel presentation.
Identifying factors that support community health worker motivation, job satisfaction, and retention in Haiti
Authors:   Frontline Health Project,   Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Published: December 2021

Community health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in Haiti’s health system, by connecting communities—particularly rural and hard-to-reach populations—to healthcare services. The Frontline Health project conducted a study to better understand the types of incentive structures that can best support the CHWs in Haiti and this brief summarizes those findings.
San José, cuidador siempre antiguo y siempre nuevo de la familia. Nuevas masculinidades, nuevas ministerialidades
Authors: López Soto José Helio
Published: December 2021

La presente discusión en torno a la fi gura de san José inicia con la fundamentación bíblica de su papel en la economía de la salvación. Para ello, señala las similitudes que otros personajes del AT tuvieron con sus atributos personales, y la misión que en el NT se refi ere al esposo de María. A su vez, se revisan las implicaciones prácticas que su espiritualidad signifi ca sobre el cristianismo actual, como padre en salida y padre moderno que resignifi ca la masculinidad en la familia, y cuyo desenlace es el perenne ministerio de la salvación en la Iglesia en la liturgia y en el Magisterio de la Iglesia de este protagonista discreto en el misterio de la encarnación. Los tres momentos descienden en el significado teológico y práctico del “Padre adoptivo de Jesús” como clave teológica de la experiencia familiar.
Employing e-portfolio based learning in improving self-efficacy of student’s speaking ability
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Laksana I Putu Yoga , Yuliantini Ni Nyoman ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Suciani Ni Ketut ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Purandina I Putu Yoga ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Boyce Gary P. ,   Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Published: December 2021

This research aimed at knowing the effectiveness of online learning design with an e-portfolio approach in increasing self-efficacy in speaking ability. Seventy-seven students were involved in this study. They are in the second semester of a vocational college in Business Administration Department in the academic year 2020/2021. This research is experimental research with implementing paired samples t-test as the measurement tool in knowing the effectiveness of e-portfolio based learning by finding the t score and the sig value before and after the implementation of the teaching method. The result of this study showed that e-portfolio based learning had a significant effect on the student's self-efficacy in their speaking ability. It was indicated by the value of the sig and t result from paired samples t-test analysis which was showed 0.000 as the sig value and -20.551 as the t count. The result of sig value which is below 0.05 and the t-count which is above t-table were clear indicators to argue that e-portfolio significantly impacted the student's self-efficacy in speaking ability. In this case, the variables of self-efficacy in speaking ability were improved significantly by the implementation of e-portfolio based learning. Even the implementation of e-portfolio brings many positive impacts on the students, some limitations lie on this method implementation. The limitation of this method lies in the time execution and the number of students who are taught by the lecturer.
Journeys to polyglotism: a case study of French, Spanish, and Japanese tourist guides
Authors:   Institut Pariwisata dan Bisnis Internasional, Koeswiryono Dika Pranadwipa , Koerniawaty Francisca Titing ,   Institut Pariwisata dan Bisnis Internasional
Published: December 2021

The study aimed at discovering the process through which three tourist guides of French, Spanish, and Japanese acquired different foreign languages. The data was taken through in-depth interviews to explore the motivation that drove their language learning, the language interference, the technique they used to self-teach themselves the language, and their immersion in the language’s native country. The recorded interviews were then transcribed and analyzed through data reduction, data display, and verification drawing. The results were then given to the subjects to ensure trustworthiness and to verify the researcher’s interpretation of the interview. The study found that 1) one of the most crucial factors of language learning success was strong motivation, which led to consistency and risk-taking attitude; 2) a significant growth of language mastery took place when the subjects spent extended time in the language’s native country; 3) both formal classroom instruction and informal independent learning were essential for their language improvement; 4) the subjects proactively consulted the native speakers to improve their vocabulary inventory, to correct inaccuracies or to gain new language expressions; and 5) due to the different nature of the languages they were learning, each subject had a diverse view on grammar and language interference. In pedagogical implication, teachers could foster students’ willingness to learn with either instrumental motivation, i.e. by raising awareness of the benefit of foreign language ability, or with integrative motivation, i.e. by raising students’ interest in the culture or people whose language was being studied. Besides, language learners, or language teachers, might reflect on this research to complement formal-classroom learning with a large degree of informal-independent learning.
Maxim violation in pretty little liars TV series
Authors:   Universitas Putera Batam (UPB), Batam, Indonesia, Yulianti Kartika , Ambalegin Ambalegin ,   Universitas Putera Batam (UPB), Batam, Indonesia
Published: December 2021

This research was conducted due to the importance of cooperative principle in daily conversation, as Grice’s theory explained about cooperative principle which has been divided into four maxims: 1) maxim of quantity, 2) maxim of quality, 3) maxim of relation, and 4) maxim of manner. These four maxims are the rules that have to be obeyed by the speakers and the interlocutors during interactions. This research is focusing on maxim of violation occurred in Pretty Little Liars TV Series. The method used in this analysis is descriptive qualitative. Objects of the research are the types of the violation and also the implied meaning behind the violation. This research used the observation method using non-participatory technique in collecting the data, and pragmatics identity method in analyzing the data. In presenting the data, this research used informal method. The result of this research found out that there were fifteen violations happened in Pretty Little Liars, all of the maxims are violated during this show. The violation of maxim relation was the most dominant violation.
Konservatisma Akuntansi Pada Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Indonesia, Utthavi Wayan Hesadijaya , Sumiari Kadek Nita ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Indonesia
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan konservatisma akuntansi sebelum dan saat pandemi berlangsung yang akan diukur dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan accrual based dan pendekatan net asset guna memaksimalkan keputusan investasi para investor. Perusahaan yang terdaftar pada indeks LQ45 digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini dan total data yang digunakan adalah 132 data. Teknik analisis yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan konservatisma akuntansi sebelum dan saat pandemi berlangsung baik menggunakan pendekatan accrual maupun pendekatan net asset. Kedua pendekatan ini memiliki hasil yang bertolak belakang, di mana ketika konservatisma diukur dengan menggunakan pendekatan accrual, perusahaan cenderung lebih konservatif pada saat pandemi. Sedangkan, ketika konservatisma akuntansi diukur dengan menggunakan pendekatan net aset, perusahaan cenderung lebih tidak konservatif pada saat pandemi.