bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and Safety of Childhood Combination Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Bei , Cao Bing , Wang Chao , Han Bingfeng , Sun Tao , Miao Yudong , Lu Qingbin , Cui Fuqiang
Published: March 2022

Background: Vaccination is considered the most effective and economical measure for controlling infectious diseases. Although combination vaccines are widely used worldwide, whether any of the combination vaccines is superior to each separate vaccine has yet to be established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of combination vaccines in children. Methods: A systematic search was conducted from database inception to August 20, 2021, in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus. Published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and open-label trials of immunogenicity and safety of combined vaccines were selected. The results of the studies were quantitatively synthesized. Results: Overall, 25 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that the combined diptheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis (DTaP)–hepatitis B virus (HBV)–Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine group had lower levels of anti-tetanus antibodies than the combined DTaP–HBV and separate Hib vaccinations group (SMD = −0.23; 95% CI: −0.42, −0.05; p = 0.013). Meanwhile, the combined DTaP–HBV–inactivated polio virus (IPV)–Hib vaccine group had higher levels of anti-pertussis (PT) and anti-filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) antibodies than the combined DTaP–IPV–Hib and separate HBV vaccinations group (anti-PT: SMD = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.75; p < 0.0001; anti-FHA: SMD = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.78; p = 0.042). The levels of anti-pertactin (PRN) antibodies were lower in the combined DTaP–IPV–Hib vaccine group than in the combined DTaP–IPV and separate Hib vaccinations group (SMD = −0.13; 95% CI: −0.27, −0.00; p = 0.047). The individuals injected with the DTaP–HBV–IPV–Hib vaccine had a lower risk of pain and swelling than those injected with the combined DTaP–HBV–IPV and separate Hib vaccines (pain: RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.91; p = 0.001; swelling: RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.98; p = 0.020). However, the group that received the DTaP–HBV–IPV–Hib vaccine had a higher risk of fever than the group that received DTaP–HBV–IPV and separate Hib vaccinations (RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; p = 0.021). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the combined vaccines (DTaP–IPV–Hib, DTaP–HBV–Hib, DTaP–HBV–IPV–Hib) are safe, well-tolerated, and provide immunogenic alternatives to separate vaccines in children. The combined DTaP–HBV–IPV–Hib vaccine showed a higher incidence of fever, which was lower than the cumulative incidence of fever induced by all vaccines. Future studies should evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using combined vaccines and compare the potency of different formulations to improve routine local or national childhood immunization programs.
Influence of Sulfate Reduction on Arsenic Migration and Transformation in Groundwater Environment
Authors: Liu Enyang , Yang Yang , Xie Zuoming , Wang Jia , Chen Mengna
Published: March 2022

The sulfate-reducing bacteria-mediated reduction process is considered to be an important mechanism affecting arsenic migration and transformation in anaerobic environments. To investigate the effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a high-arsenic aquifer on arsenic migration and transformation, the typical sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris was selected for micro-cosmic experiments to simulate a groundwater environment with or without sulfate amendment. The reduction of Fe(III) and As(V) by Desulfovibrio vulgaris was identified, and Fe(III) and As(V) were reduced in both sulfate-free and sulfate-containing systems. However, the addition of 1 mM sulfate significantly enhanced Fe(III) and As(V) reduction. Compared with no sulfate addition, 1 mM sulfate increased the reduction rates of Fe(III) and As(V) by 111.9% and 402.2%, respectively. The sulfate process mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris also remarkably promoted arsenic release in sediments. These results indicated that sulfate concentration should be considered when sulfate reduction is used as a remediation method for arsenic pollution in groundwater.
Groundwater Level Modeling with Machine Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ahmadi Arman , Olyaei Mohammadali , Heydari Zahra , Emami Mohammad , Zeynolabedin Amin , Ghomlaghi Arash , Daccache Andre , Fogg Graham E. , Sadegh Mojtaba
Published: March 2022

Groundwater is a vital source of freshwater, supporting the livelihood of over two billion people worldwide. The quantitative assessment of groundwater resources is critical for sustainable management of this strained resource, particularly as climate warming, population growth, and socioeconomic development further press the water resources. Rapid growth in the availability of a plethora of in-situ and remotely sensed data alongside advancements in data-driven methods and machine learning offer immense opportunities for an improved assessment of groundwater resources at the local to global levels. This systematic review documents the advancements in this field and evaluates the accuracy of various models, following the protocol developed by the Center for Evidence-Based Conservation. A total of 197 original peer-reviewed articles from 2010–2020 and from 28 countries that employ regression machine learning algorithms for groundwater monitoring or prediction are analyzed and their results are aggregated through a meta-analysis. Our analysis points to the capability of machine learning models to monitor/predict different characteristics of groundwater resources effectively and efficiently. Modeling the groundwater level is the most popular application of machine learning models, and the groundwater level in previous time steps is the most employed input data. The feed-forward artificial neural network is the most employed and accurate model, although the model performance does not exhibit a striking dependence on the model choice, but rather the information content of the input variables. Around 10–12 years of data are required to develop an acceptable machine learning model with a monthly temporal resolution. Finally, advances in machine and deep learning algorithms and computational advancements to merge them with physics-based models offer unprecedented opportunities to employ new information, e.g., InSAR data, for increased spatiotemporal resolution and accuracy of groundwater monitoring and prediction.
An Initial Approach to the Presence of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater from Hospitals in Colombia and Their Environmental Risk
Authors: Serna-Galvis Efraím A. , Botero-Coy Ana M. , Rosero-Moreano Milton , Lee Judy , Hernández Félix , Torres-Palma Ricardo A.
Published: March 2022

Hospital wastewater (HWW) from three different cities in Colombia was characterized. Wastewater quality indicators and 38 relevant pharmaceuticals were examined. The HWW had pH from 6.82 to 8.06, chemical oxygen demand was between 235.5 and 1203 mg L−1, and conductivity ranged from 276.5 to 717.5 µS cm−1. Additionally, most of the target pharmaceuticals (20 of 38) had 100% occurrence frequency in the samples due to their high and continuous consumption in the hospitals. Indeed, acetaminophen, diclofenac, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, losartan, metoprolol, and omeprazole were present in all samples at concentrations from one up to some hundreds of μg L−1. Once pharmaceuticals are discharged into local sewage systems or rivers, because of the high dilution of HWW, the individual environmental hazards are low (i.e., risk quotients, RQ < 0.1 were determined). The action of conventional treatments on HWW also decreased the individual environmental risks of pharmaceuticals (RQ values < 0.1). However, the mixture of pharmaceuticals in the HWW had potential environmental risks (as RQ > 0.1 were found), remarking the need for efficient processes to eliminate pharmaceuticals from HWW. This work provides an initial view on the characterization of diverse Colombian HWW, which could be useful for the understanding of the current situation of pollution by pharmaceuticals in Latin America.
Managing Aquifer Recharge to Overcome Overdraft in the Lower American River, California, USA
Authors: Maskey Mahesh L. , Dogan Mustafa S. , Fernandez-Bou Angel Santiago , Li Liying , Guzman Alexander , Arnold Wyatt , Goharian Erfan , Lund Jay R. , Medellin-Azuara Josue
Published: March 2022

Frequent and prolonged droughts challenge groundwater sustainability in California but managing aquifer recharge can help to partially offset groundwater overdraft. Here, we use managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to examine potential benefits of adding an artificial recharge facility downstream from California’s Lower American River Basin, in part to prepare for drought. We use a statewide hydroeconomic model, CALVIN, which integrates hydrology, the economics of water scarcity cost and operations, environmental flow requirements, and other operational constraints, and allocates water monthly to minimize total scarcity and operating costs. This study considers a recharge facility with unconstrained and constrained flows. The results show that adding a recharge facility increases groundwater storage, reduces groundwater overdraft, and increases hydropower without substantially impacting environmental flows. Further, artificial recharge adds economic benefits by (1) reducing the combined costs of water shortage and surface water storage and (2) by increasing hydropower revenue. This study provides a benchmark tool to evaluate the economic feasibility and water supply reliability impacts of artificial recharge in California.
Appraisal of Environmental Health and Ecohydrology of Free-Flowing Aghanashini River, Karnataka, India
Authors: Ramachandra T. V. , Shivamurthy Vinay , Subramanian Asulabha K. , Varghese Sincy , Setturu Bharath , Aithal Bharath H.
Published: March 2022

Rivers are vital freshwater resources that cater to the needs of society. The burgeoning population and the consequent land-use changes have altered the hydrologic regime with biophysical and chemical integrity changes. This necessitates understanding the land-use dynamics, flow dynamics, hydrologic regime, and water quality of riverine ecosystems. An assessment of the land-use dynamics in the Aghanashini River basin reveals a decline in vegetation cover from 86.06% (1973) to 50.78% (2018). The computation of eco-hydrological indices (EHI) highlights that the sub-watersheds with native vegetation had higher infiltration (and storage) than water loss due to evapotranspiration and meeting the societal demand. The computation of water quality index helped to assess the overall water quality across seasons. The study provides insights into hydrology linkages with the catchment landscape dynamics to the hydrologists and land-use managers. These insights would aid in the prudent management of river basins to address water stress issues through watershed treatment involving afforestation with native species, appropriate cropping, and soil conservation measures.
How Do Specific Environmental Conditions in Canals Affect the Structure and Variability of the Zooplankton Community?
Authors: Kolarova Nikola , Napiórkowski Paweł
Published: March 2022

The present study investigates the responses of zooplankton (including changes in their structure and diversity) to physicochemical and biological parameters in two artificial waterways. Water samples were collected monthly from the Bydgoszcz Canal, the Noteć Canal, and the Brda River during the growing season of April–October 2019. We analyzed how selected parameters (including water temperature, Secchi disk visibility, oxygen concentration, conductivity, and pH, as well as nitrate, phosphate, and chl-a concentrations) affected seasonal variations in zooplankton diversity (T) and density (N). In total, we recorded 98 species, and average zooplankton density was 320 ind/L. At all sites, the same zooplankton species were dominant: Keratella cochlearis among rotifers and the Cladocera Bosmina longirostris among crustaceans. Rotifers dominated qualitatively and quantitatively over crustaceans. Zooplankton density and biomass, as well as the number of zooplankton species, were higher in the Bydgoszcz Canal than in the Brda River or the Noteć Canal. This may be connected to the locks on the Bydgoszcz Canal slowing down water flow, thereby increasing macrophyte vegetation, which creates ecological niches supporting zooplankton development.
Ballast Water Management Strategy to Reduce the Impact of Introductions by Utilizing an Empirical Risk Model
Authors: Chen Yung-Sheng , Kang Chao-Kai , Liu Ta-Kang
Published: March 2022

The introduction of non-indigenous aquatic species (NIASs) was identified as one of the major threats to aquatic ecosystems. Shipping is one of the potential invasive pathways for the introduction of marine NIASs, mainly via ballast water, sediments, and ship fouling. In addition, The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) aims to mitigate the introduction risk of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens (HAOPs) via ships’ ballast water and sediment. Some of these species can be very harmful and cause loss of biodiversity, adverse environmental consequences, and economic and social impacts. In this study, an empirical model based on the environmental similarity and the vessel characteristics was used to assess the risk associated with the ballast water, for the incoming vessels to the port of Kaohsiung and port of Riga. The priority for port state control (PSC) inspection was established and recommended for better ballast water management.
A Model Predictive Control Method for Vehicle Drifting Motions with Measurable Errors
Authors: Xu Dongxin , Han Yueqiang , Ge Chang , Qu Longtao , Zhang Rui , Wang Guoye
Published: March 2022

Vehicle drifting control has attracted wide attention, and the study methods are divided into expert-based and theory-based. In this paper, the vehicle drifting control was based on the vehicle drifting state characteristics. The vehicle drifting state parameters were obtained by the theory-based vehicle drifting motion mechanism analysis based on a nonlinear vehicle dynamics model, which was used to express the vehicle characteristics, together with the UniTire model, by considering the vehicle longitudinal, lateral, roll, and yaw motions. A vehicle drifting controller was designed by the model predictive control (MPC) theory and a linear dynamics model with the linearized expressions of nonlinear tire forces based on the consideration of measurable errors. The control targets were the vehicle drifting state parameters obtained by calculation, and the controller performance was proved by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrating that the controller is good to realize vehicle drifting motions. The same target drifting motions were realized at different original states, which proved that the vehicle drifting control is possible with the designed controller.
Adolescence during a Pandemic: Examining US Adolescents’ Time Use and Family and Peer Relationships during COVID-19
Authors: Wray-Lake Laura , Wilf Sara , Kwan Jin Yao , Oosterhoff Benjamin
Published: March 2022

Adolescents’ time use during COVID-19 offers insight into their lived experiences in unprecedented times. Using a person-centered approach, we describe profiles of time use and examine demographics, parent support, and friend support as predictors of time use. Among 555 U.S. adolescents, we identified three latent profiles across 14 daily activities. Education-Focused youth were more likely to be gender non-binary, Latinx, or Asian, and had higher parental education, higher parent support, and lower friend support. High Media Users were more likely to be female or gender non-binary, LGBQ-identifying, Latinx, or Asian, and had lower parent and higher friend support. Work-Focused youth were more likely to be older and spent in-person time with friends. Implications include strengthening relational supports, and reconsidering the risks and benefits of different types of time use during this historical moment.
Recommendations for conducting medical and sociological monitoring of the personnel needs of medical organizations on the example of studying the needs of regional pharmaceutical enterprises in pharmacists’ training (part 2*)
Authors:   Private Institution of an Educational Organization of Higher Education Medical University ", Golikova Nataliya Sergeevna ,   Reaviz",   in Moscow, Prisyazhnaya Nadezhda Vladimirovna ,   Institute of Social Sciences, FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Published: March 2022

The paper presents the basics of organizing a comprehensive medical and sociological monitoring study of the needs of pharmaceutical industry organizations in the training of pharmacists and the trends in the development of higher pharmaceutical education in the region under consideration. The acquisition of the above material by the heads and specialists of the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher medical and pharmaceutical education will make it possible to timely identify areas for improving the educational, informational, and career guidance work of an educational organization with specialized faculties. The recommendations are intended for the heads of educational institutions of higher education, the teaching staff of faculties and specialized administering sub-departments, as well as other interested specialists.
Rigid endoscope processing after carrying out ent manipulation at outpatient medical care
Authors:   Otorhinolaryngological Office of Medical and Diagnostic Complex «Medgard», Samara, Fedorinova Svetlana
Published: March 2022

The article provides information on the processing of rigid endoscopes in the process of providing outpatient medical care in the otorhinolaryngological service.
The Spiritual Brain: Intimations or Hallucinations of God?
Authors: Fales Evan
Published: March 2022

Do mystical experiences make it rational to believe in God? A fair number of theistic philosophers have thought so, and, for the mystic who is ignorant of current scientific findings, perhaps that conclusion is correct. But the ignorant are not best qualified to judge: let us see how science might inform judgment. Here I will focus most particularly on the neurological basis of mystical experiences (MEs). It might initially seem that the evidence for such a basis is theologically benign—neutral on the question whether MEs may reasonably be considered veridical perceptions of the divine. I shall argue that this is a mistake.
Alternativas de diseño estructural y geométrico como solución a problemas de congestionamiento vehicular
Authors: Molina Galván Jorge Antonio
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este artículo fue proponer una solución de diseño estructural y geométrico a los problemas de congestionamiento vehicular en la ciudad de La Paz, Bolivia. El estudio se divide en tres etapas: primero, se desarrollaron los estudios técnicos correspondientes; segundo, se presentó un análisis de situación; tercero, se  presenta la alternativa óptima de solución. Como  resultado  se  encuentra  que el tráfico vehicular en el área urbana de la ciudad está colapsado, generando  un  impacto   negativo  a la normal circulación de los motorizados conllevando una demora en los tiempos de viaje para llegar a su destino. Se concluye que una solución de infraestructura vial con paso a desnivel permite que estos problemas de congestión vehicular se reduzcan en gran medida, siempre que vaya acompañada de la implantación de medidas regulatorias de circulación y educación viales que optimicen la capacidad de las vías.
Interactive Power Point Implementation as a Digital Learning Media in Increase Understanding Theory Temperature and heat in students Elementary School
Authors:   Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia, Widiyanti Fitrilia , Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyze the application of interactive power point as a digital learning medium in increasing the understanding of temperature and heat theory in elementary school students. The study was conducted on 37 elementary school students in the city of Bandung using conventional teaching methods and demonstrations. We also use interactive power point media and Google Meet in the learning process. To determine the level of students' understanding of the material, researchers used evaluation techniques in the form of pre-test and post-test, each of which included as many as 20 questions through Google Form. The results showed that students got an average increase of 2.48 in learning outcomes. The increase shows that 68.92% of the material can be understood by students. This is because the learning process using conventional teaching methods, demonstrations, and interactive power point learning media can increase students' attention and focus, so they don't get bored while learning. Therefore, this study provides information that interactive power point media can be used as an interesting learning medium that can increase students' understanding of temperature and heat material.
DIGITAL CUSTOMER SERVICE: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATION IN TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION 4.0
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Bakari Alya Reizanda , Christina Catherine Hellen ,   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Ninditya Davina Putri ,   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Iffan Muhammad ,   Departemen Manajemen, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: March 2022

The development of technology has changed the way of interpersonal communication into digital communication. Technological speed can be in the form of technology applications, computers, social media, robots and the public environment. Digital customer service is one of the creative innovations and practical solutions to self-service with new technologies found in the current digital revolution 4.0. Effectiveness is a goal or success in achieving goals or objectives based on what has been set. The effectiveness of communication can be seen based on the effectiveness of the message received and can be understood by the customer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of digital Customer Service as an example of the 4.0 communication technology revolution in helping its use to get maximum service. This research uses qualitative research methods with descriptive studies. While the concept used is the effectiveness of communication from Andre Hardjana. The results of this study are the effectiveness of communication in the application of digital customer service in the community with new technology. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of communication in the application of digital customer service in the midst of the communication transition of the digital revolution 4.0.
Utilization of Word-of-Mouth Marketing Strategy in Culinary Business
Authors:   Departemen Manajemen, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Soegoto Eddy Soeryanto , Amelia Nurul ,   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Dhafina Nada Archy ,   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Berlianti Wellga ,   Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the benefits of the Word of Mouth marketing strategy (word of mouth marketing) are in supporting the improvement of the culinary business. This study used qualitative research methods. The results of this study are the application of the Word of Mouth strategy in the culinary industry sector in increasing sales and building brand awareness and growing public trust in products and companies. The presence of the Word Of Mouth strategy maximizes the development of the culinary business industry with a very wide reach. This study was conducted to determine how effective and influential the use of the Word of Mouth strategy is in the culinary business. In the end, the Word of Mouth marketing communication strategy can be utilized and beneficial for culinary business people in this modern era. Word of mouth marketing communication strategy is very helpful in promoting and attracting potential customers and retaining repeat customers
Puratha Vannar’s Performing Death Rites in Koveru Kaluthaikal Novel
Authors: M Senthilkumar
Published: March 2022

It is natural for human society to continue to adhere to certain customs that existed with early humans, although they have improved over time. Each community thus has different customs. Death is a certainty in transitional human life. At the time of death, every community performs rituals for the peace of the soul of the deceased. The novel Koveru Kaluthaikal points out that such rituals are performed by protein dyes. Performing rituals such as announcing the news of death, tying the knot, lighting the lamp, bathing the corpse, lifting the oral pot, burying the corpse and performing the closing ceremony.
العوامل المؤثره في التزام الطبيب بالتبصير
Authors: حسن حيدر فليح , مشتت علياء زامل
Published: March 2022

يتأثر التزام الطبيب بالتبصير الطبي بعدة عوامل لاختلاف المرضى فيما بينهم من حيث طبيعه المرض ودرجه خطورته وسن المريض والهدف من الخضوع للتداخل الطبي, اذ ان هناك ملابسات تحيط بالمرضى تلزم على الطبيب تخفيف التبصير تجاههم , عبر اخفاء المعلومات الطبيه , كما ان هناك بالمقابل اعمالا طبيه تحتم على الطبيب ان يتشدد بالتزامه عبر مد نطاق التبصير الى مدى اوسع من نطاقه في الاعمال الطبيه الاعتياديه

لذا سنبحث في هذا المجال الحالات التي يخفف فيها التبصير الطبي والحالات التي يستلزم التشديد فيها ووفق الترتيب الاتي:
A Sliding-Mode Control with Efficient Chattering Alleviation for Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverters
Authors: BAGHERİ Farzaneh , KOMURCUGİL Hasan
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) method with a variable boundary layer for single-phase voltage source inverters. This strategy offers a very simple sliding function without any derivative term while preserving unique characteristics of the sliding mode control like fast dynamic response and robustness against parameter variations while also possessing the variable boundary layer method to reject the chattering phenomena. Chattering excites the high frequencies in the system and leads to inaccuracy and instability. It is shown that despite the conventinal approches, the proposed variable boundary layer method can both alleviate the chattering and generating the minimum steady state error. Owing to the adaptive nature of the suggested control approach which adjusts the thickness of the boundary layer, the whole mechanism can be controlled successfully under unpredictable parameter variations. The accomplishment of the suggested strategy is investigated by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. The outcomes are compared with the outcomes obtained without boundary layer, with constant boundary layer and super twisting sliding control methods. The comparison reveals that the proposed control technique outperforms the other control methods for the voltage source inverter. The results demonstrate that while the conventional, SMC with constant boundary layer and super twisting sliding control (STSMC) methods have 50% ,8% and 10% chattering over their control input respectively, the proposed method has less than 3% chattering over the control input.
Analysis of procurement of disinfectants in medicine facilities. Part 1. 2017–2018
Authors:   Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene	named after F.F. Erisman, Savraeva Daria V. , Salimova Anna D. ,   Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene	named after F.F. Erisman, Andreev Sergey V. ,   Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene	named after F.F. Erisman, Shestopalov Nikolay V. ,   National Organization of Disinfectionists
Published: March 2022

Disinfectants are very important in preventing infectious diseases and reducing the number of hospital-acquired infections. In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of registered disinfectants. Such diversity requires from the end user a clear understanding of the properties of disinfectants, their effectiveness, toxicity, as well as chemical composition. Also an important aspect of the practical use of disinfectants is the quality control of working solutions, which makes at least familiarity with the basic chemical and analytical methods for the study of disinfectants. It is also necessary to know the features of regulation of disinfectants and to be aware of the latest scientific trends in this area. In this paper, we analyzed the documentation for auctions for the purchase of disinfectants by medical organizations of a wide profile in the Russian Federation between 2017 and 2019. Some common errors encountered during the compilation of disinfectant requirements are highlighted. It is shown that the most commonly used disinfectants based on cationic surfactants, alcohols, and halogens. At the same time, the most common active substance is hydrogen peroxide. Based on the analysis, recommendations on the preparation of requirements for disinfectants were given. The second part of this work will be dedicated to the COVID-19 pandemic disinfectant consumption in medical facilities. Keywords: disinfectants, auctions, hospital-acquired infection.
The use of unmanned aircraft to regulate the number of mosquitoes
Authors:   Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after  F.F. Erisman, Roslavtseva Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Zhulev Anatoliy Ivanovich ,   LLC «Gigiyena plyus, Tsvetkov Dmitriy Aleksandrovich ,   LLC «Gigiyena plyus, Medvedeva Larisa Vladimirovna ,   Territorial department of the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Field of	Consumer Protection and Human Welfare in the Krasnodar Region in the resort city of Anapa
Published: March 2022

To improve the control measures against larvae of mosquitoes which are vectors of the most dangerous infectious diseases such as malaria, tularemia, various fevers (West Nile fever, yellow fever, dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and others) on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, unmanned aircraft «Odonata agro» 0501 and 1001 and «DJI Agras T-20» were used in 2020. Larvicides from the group of pyrethroids (cypermethrin), regulators of insect development (methoprene) and the microbiological formulation «Bactitsid» based on the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. israеlensis have shown the high efficacy when used by unmanned aircraft. Keywords: mosquitoes, larvicides, unmanned aircraft.
Manifestation of the epidemic process of coronavirus infection in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Republican Psychiatric Hospital Balti, Tsurkan Vasily Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2022

55 periods in the development of the epidemic process of COVID-19 infection have been identified. The epidemic process of coronavirus infection continues to develop unevenly with pronounced peaks in morbidity and mortality of the population of Moldova. In the first period (March–June 2020), 16613 cases of COVID-19 were reported, of which 545 were fatal (3.28?%). In the second period (July–December 2020) there is an increase of 5.4 times in the average monthly morbidity and 4.5 times in the average monthly mortality of the population from coronavirus infection. In the third period (January–March 2021), there was a slowdown in the intensity of the development of the epidemic process, but the monthly mortality rate of the population exceeded 1.5 times the indicator of the second period. The implementation of targeted specific and non-specific anti-epidemic measures contributed from April to October 2021 to a gradual reduction in the risk of coronavirus infection of the population. However, as a result of the cancellation of most restrictive anti-Covid measures, a decrease in the rate of immunization of the population, the intensification of migration processes and the import into the country by Moldovan citizens, on the eve of various holidays, over 4300 cases of COVID-19 infection, favorable conditions were created for the intensive development of the epidemic process of coronavirus infection and therefore the fifth period is characterized by the highest weekly morbidity rates (7813.8 cases) and mortality. (192.3 cases). Keywords: coronavirus infection, biocidal preparations, epidemic process, population, seasonality, COVID-19 infection, morbidity, mortality, periods, peaks.
Determinantes de la generación de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos: El caso de los municipios de la provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors:   , Varco María José
Published: March 2022

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo estudiar los determinantes de la generación de residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) y testear la hipótesis de la curva de Kuznets para el caso de la PBA. Se utiliza un corte transversal de la CABA y 125 municipios de la PBA. Dado que la generación de residuos es un problema con una dimensión espacial importante, se utiliza econometría espacial para considerar el posible efecto de la generación de residuos de un municipio sobre otros y se distinguen efectos directos, de indirectos y totales. Los resultados muestran una relación lineal entre la generación de RSU y el PBGpc del propio municipio. Al incorporar efectos espaciales, se observa que variaciones en el PBGpc de los municipios vecinos tienen un efecto no lineal en la generación de residuos del municipio en cuestión. La densidad poblacional tiene forma convexa y la relación entre la distancia desde el centro municipal hasta el basurero tiene forma de U invertida. Finalmente, se incorporaron tres variables dicotómicas: si el basural es a cielo abierto, si se clasifican o no los residuos y si el municipio es coordinado por CEAMSE. Las dos primeras no presentan un efecto significativo, pero la tercera sí y es negativo.
THE FLEXIBILITY OF COMPETITIVE STRATEGY TO MINIMIZE COSTS OF UNITED CORPORATE STRUCTURES IN AN UNCERTAIN MARKET ENVIRONMENT
Authors: BAIGUSHEV Vladimir , GOLOVKOVA Lyudmila , XIANG YANG Qian , XIAN MING Feng
Published: March 2022

Future economic activity always contains an element or elements of uncertainty. The notion of uncertainty in the competitive strategy of a united corporate structure (hereinafter referred to as UCS) in economics entails a new state of doing business when the results of economic activity (e.g., cost values) exceed the limits of given constraints. At the same time, the accounting side of business management of the UCS does not allow it to return to the previous constraints. This, therefore, emphasizes the task of creating a new branch of management for a particular process, where the result is innovative economic solutions. The paper proposes a scientific and methodological approach to finding cost management solutions in conditions of uncertainty. The approach follows principle of a closed-loop system with feedback, which, unlike others, entails a continuous comparison by subtracting the control criteria of the pre-determined and actual competitive advantages. The choice of counter-strategy is based on the obtained value and the sign of the subtraction. A set of factors contribute to determining the transition of cost changes under uncertainty and the formation of flexible management of UCS costs. These factors include production features, new types of integration, the law of learning, production and technological capacity, customer preferences, time factors for changes in storage and delivery costs, the production cycle, institutional factors of government policies for economic growth, outputs of a new product, scale of production and scale costs, interaction with suppliers, globalization of markets, and others. The paper develops a structural model of control and management of the total cost of 1t of production in the accounting and flexible areas of management, which is implemented in practice as a control software system.
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGNIN FROM MOROCCAN THUYA. ITS APPLICATION AS ADSORBENT OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors:   Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco, SABER MOHAMMED , EL HAMDAOUI LAHCEN ,   Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco, EL MOUSSAOUITI MOHAMMED ,   Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco, TABYAOUI MOHAMED ,   Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
Published: March 2022

"The present investigation includes the extraction of lignin from waste sawdust of the wood industry (Tetraclinis articulata) using sulfuric acid treatment, its characterization and further use for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous media. The extracted lignin was characterized by FT-IR and XRD, its thermal properties were studied using TGA and DSC analyses, and its surface morphology was observed by SEM and EDX. The FT-IR spectra showed homogeneity in the chemical structure of the lignin sample. In the adsorption study, the effects of temperature, contact time, and adsorption concentration of MB were determined. The kinetic study showed that the second-order model gives a better description of the kinetics of the adsorption reaction than the first-order model. The analysis of adsorption isotherms using different classical models showed that adsorption may be governed by the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters were determined from the values of the maximum adsorption capacity and equilibrium constants."
CONSTRUCTION OF VASCULAR GRAFT BY 3D PRINTING USING BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FORMULATION AS BIOINK
Authors:   Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, PELIN CESUR NEVRA , TÜRKOGLU LAÇIN NELISA ,   Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: March 2022

"Currently, there is a considerable clinical demand for biocompatible and robust tissue-engineered artificial vascular graft materials. The vascular application requiring adequate mechanical strength and biocompatibility still lags at some critical points. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is well known for its use as a biomaterial in various fields due to its high biocompatibility. The most critical issue preventing the wide use of BC for 3D biomaterial printing is its insolubility in water and organic solvents. Because of this feature, the use of BC as bioink is limited. In this study, optimizing the solubility of BC with zinc sulphate, and the application of the obtained bioink with a 3D printing technique to create a model vascular graft, as well as examining it in terms of mechanical strength, were carried out for the first time in the literature. The chemical characterization of the obtained vascular graft was performed by FTIR, RAMAN and SEM analyses. The thermal behavior was analyzed by TG analysis (showing mass losses of 22.72% at 361 °C and 52.4% at 421 °C). The surface area was measured as 8.290 m2/g. The water retention capacity (WRC) was examined throughout 48 hours (after 1 h – 5%, 24 h – 9%, and 48 h – 9%). The elasticity modulus of the sample was 172.083 N/mm2 and the elongation break was 87.591%. The cytotoxicity analysis results revealed that cell viability reached 75.84% on the only resin-containing 3D-printed aorta, while it was 100% on the BC/zinc sulfate-resin composite 3D-printed aorta. The morphology of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was observed after 24, 52 and 72 h. Cell adhesion to the BC-based composite 3D printed vascular graft was determined as 89.02% after 24 h, 92.01% after 52 h, 100% after 72 h, while it reached much lower values for the only resin-containing 3D vascular graft – of 55.02% after 24 h, 56% after 48 h, and 58.04% after 72 h. Additionally, the rheological analysis indicated that the yield stress of the BC-based bioink increased with the BC content up to 20 Pa. "
ECO-FRIENDLY PULPING OF BANANA PSEUDO-STEM WASTES WITH POTASSIUM-BASED PROCESSES
Authors:   Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Arsin Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Arsin/Trabzon, Turkey, KALYONCU EVREN ERSOY
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate the usability of banana pseudo-stem wastes, remaining from banana cultivation, with eco-friendly K-based pulping processes. Three different K-based pulping processes, KOH, KOH-K2SO3, KOH-NH4OH, and soda process as control were studied. The temperature and the total alkali ratio were kept constant, while the cooking time was varied (60 min and 120 min) for each K-based pulping method. It was found that 60 min at 165 °C with 20% alkaline charge (calculated as Na2O) are the optimum conditions for all K-based pulping processes of banana pseudo-stems. K-based pulps produced under the same pulping conditions were compared with the control soda pulp. The pulp samples were characterized in terms of their mechanical, physical, morphological and optical properties. Also, their Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was performed. Among the eco-friendly K-based pulping processes investigated here, the KOH process can be considered as a promising alternative for pulping banana pseudo-stem waste, due to the excellent papermaking properties achieved.
TIN OXIDE DOPPED CaCO3 COATING ON PAPER FOR FLAME RETARDANCY AND PRINTABILITY PROPERTIES
Authors:   ", URAL ELIF ,   Audiovisual Techniques and Media Production Department, Marmara University Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Goztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey"
Published: March 2022

"Valuable papers, such as checks, promissory notes, money or printing papers used in wallpaper laminates, must be resistant to burning. For this reason, different flame retardants are used in papers. However, generally, the flame retardants used negatively affect printability by creating a hydrophobic surface. For this reason, it is thought that the combination of flame retardants with a filler that will positively affect the printability of paper will be more suitable for such printable papers. For this purpose, this work aimed to obtain paper with good printability and delayed ignition properties by using calcium carbonate, which is a good paper filler, and tin oxide, which is a flame retardant. In this study, starch-based paper coating formulations containing calcium carbonate and tin oxide individually and in combination in equal amounts were prepared and applied on office paper. Color, gloss, contact angle and flame retardancy properties of the produced papers were determined using a spectrophotometer, a glossmeter, a goniometer and LOI, respectively. Prints were made on the the obtained papers with the IGT C1 offset test printing machine, and the color and gloss properties of the prints were determined. As a result, it was determined that the flame retardancy properties of the papers were significantly increased with the tin oxide filler, while the combination of calcium carbonate and tin oxide improved both the printability and flame retardancy properties."
OPTIMIZATION OF REACTIVE DYEING PROCESS FOR CHITOSAN TREATED COTTON FABRIC
Authors:   Department of Textile and Apparel Design, I. C. College of Home Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India, VERMA MONA , JEET SINGH SAROJ S. ,   Department of Textile and Apparel Design, I. C. College of Home Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India, M. ROSE NEELAM ,   Department of Textile and Apparel Design, I. C. College of Home Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
Published: March 2022

The colour of textiles plays an important role in the marketability of fabrics, due to its psychological and eye-catching effects on consumers. Synthetic dyes are widely used in the textiles industry due to their ability to reproduce different colours and shades, easy application method and huge production to fulfill the demands of ever-increasing population. Reactive dyes are most commonly used for cotton fabric, due to their brilliant colours and good washing fastness. However, the major problem with reactive dyes is that they consume huge amounts of alkali or salts as mordant for the fixation of dyes on cotton fabric. Most of the commercial dyeing units and textile export houses have started seeking possibilities to use safe synthetic dyes for dyeing different textiles for targeting the niche market. For that purpose, appropriate standardized scientific dyeing techniques and procedures need to be adopted. In the present study, the use of chitosan as mordant, instead of alkali or salt, was investigated for dyeing cotton fabric with reactive red dye, and the dyeing variables were optimized to attain the maximum colour strength value. The results of study showed that higher percent dye absorption (78.90%), colour strength (18.72) and good wash fastness rating (4/5) were achieved for the chitosan treated dyed fabric, compared to the alkali treated dyed sample (68.36% and 13.03, respectively).