bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safflower extract (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) suppresses proinflammatory cytokines level in rheumatoid arthritis mice model stimulated by complete Freund’s adjuvants
Authors: Fristiohady Adryan , Mahmud Taifo , Maming Jia Tuan , Arfan Arfan , Jabbar Asriullah , Yusuf Muhammad Ilyas , Julian Purnama La Ode Muhammad , Haruna Lidya Agriningsih , Ramadan Wirhamsah Al , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Hamsidi Rini , Asasutjarit Rathapon , Sahidin Idin
Published: September 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, and swelling, associated with excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies is excessively high in RA. Carthamus tinctorius Linn. (C. tinctorius), commonly known as Safflower, is widely used as traditional medicine in Indonesia and has anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to determine cell viability on HEK293 cells and the anti-RA activity of the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius on reducing edema in animal models of RA mice and to determine the anti-RA activity ethanol extract C. tinctorius against rheumatoid factor (RF) in RA mice. In this study, HEK293 cell line was treated with C. tinctorius extract at various concentrations. In addition, mice’s paws were examined after being injected with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) as an intraplantar RA inducer and treated with 2.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of methotrexate, and extract C. tinctorius at various concentrations orally once a day for 14 days. Then, the paw’s thickness was measured using a gauge meter, arthritis index scoring was observed daily, and agglutination in the RF test was observed on the 17th and 31st days. The collected data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Moreover, an In-Silico test was carried out by measuring the affinity and stability of C.tintorius extract as an anti-RA agent against the cytokines IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The test results showed C. tinctorius at various concentrations were safe to HEK293 cell lines and the administration of C. tintorius extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW doses could reduce paw thickness, arthritis index scoring >1, and no agglutination occurred in the RF test. It can concluded that the C. tintorius extract is safe to HEK293 and has activity against CFA-induced RA.
Evaluation of PPAR gamma agonists: A molecular docking and QSAR study of chalcone analog
Authors: Pingale Ruchita N. , Pratyush Kumar , Wagh Bhaveshwari , Jain Ankita A. , Mailavaram Raghu Prasad
Published: September 2024

In recent years, chalcones have attracted researchers with their unique structure and promising potential across a wide range of scientific disciplines. They are naturally occurring 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ones. As well as regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, PPARs are also involved in cell differentiation. The present study evaluates the molecular activity of 60 chalcone analogs and two marketed drugs as potential PPAR gamma agonists. Molecular docking studies, structural property calculations, and 2D QSAR studies were carried out to screen the best molecule in the library. The compound coded with 2i was found to have the highest binding affinity and selectivity for PPAR gamma. Firm interactions within 5.0 Å were considered for the docking analysis. Ramachandran plot interpretations also helped us to justify the firm binding at the catalytic site. The correlational studies using the QSAR model were carried out, and the coefficient of regression was found to be 0.9247, and the results were plotted. The 2i was found to be the most suitable compound from the library.
IDEB: principal regulador de políticas públicas para a educação
Authors: Ribeiro Oseny Amorim , Albuquerque Jader Cristiano Magalhães de , Silva Rosana Cruz Marques da , Teixeira Jucélia Maria Moreira , Nunes Eduardo José Fernandes , Cruz Agda Rocha
Published: September 2024

O artigo se propõe a analisar os impactos que as avaliações, em especial o Ideb, têm sobre as ações empreendidas pela gestão educacional, do ponto de vista da adequação de ações que, de um lado, enfatizam o papel da gestão na qualidade do ensino; e de outro, responsabilizam as unidades escolares pelas dificuldades ou fracassos das políticas praticadas. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar as políticas públicas brasileiras implementadas a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990 e a nova concepção de Estado neoliberal, gerencial e regulador. Para subsidiar tais análises, apoiamo-nos nos trabalhos realizados Ball (2001, 2005 e 2006), Barroso (2005), Mainardes (2006), Schneider e Nardi (2013) e Souza (2014). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como mecanismos de coleta de dados os resultados do Ideb disponibilizados no site do Inep, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores de duas escolas municipais de ensino fundamental, no município de Lauro de Freitas. As análises privilegiaram a policy cycle approach ou abordagem do ciclo de políticas, ancorado nos estudos de Bowe, Ball e Gold (1992) e sistematizado por Mainardes (2006). As investigações realizadas nos permitiram considerar que o Ideb é o principal indutor de opções políticas realizadas no micro contexto da escola e se constitui como principal regulador das políticas implantadas pelo Estado que tem nas avaliações externas os mecanismos de controle e adequação dos processos educativos nos moldes considerados essenciais para as políticas neoliberais como competitividade, visibilidade, eficiência e eficácia.
Phytochemical Analysis and Determination of Phytochemical Compositions of Various Extracts from the Twigs of Some Selected Plants Used as Chewing Sticks in Nigeria
Authors: J.C Amaechi , J.N Okereke
Published: September 2024

Chewing sticks have been identified as potential tools for teeth cleaning and protection against dental conditions, including caries. This study determined the phytochemical composition of specific medicinal plants commonly utilized as chewing sticks by determining the qualitative and quantitative composition in various medicinal plants used as chewing sticks: bitter leaf, orange, neem, napoleanna, kolanut, and guava. Chewing sticks from bitter leaf, orange, neem, napoleanna, kolanut and guava plants have been used as tooth cleaner. Additionally, these chewing sticks protect against several dental conditions including caries. This study aimed to analyze the presence of various classes of phytochemicals and to determine their compositions in various extracts obtained from the twigs of these plants.
Soxhlet extraction of the plants were done using standard method and aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the plants were used for their various phytochemicals. The investigation focused on alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and glycosides, examining their concentrations in aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts. Bitter leaf extracts exhibited substantial levels of alkaloids (methanolic: 47.44%, ethanolic: 43.73%, aqueous: 35.9%) and flavonoids (methanolic: 12.28%, ethanolic: 8.85%, aqueous: 5.05%). Tannin content was higher in aqueous extracts (4.92%) compared to ethanolic (4.59%) and methanolic (4.35%) extracts. Saponin levels were highest in aqueous extracts (18.83%), while steroids (0.86%) and glycosides (0.48%) were predominant in methanolic extracts. Quantitative analysis of orange extracts revealed elevated steroid and glycoside levels in methanolic extracts. Neem extracts consistently displayed high concentrations of steroids and glycosides across all solvents, with statistical analysis indicating no significant differences (p>0.05). Napoleanna extracts showcased variations in alkaloid (ethanolic: 0.59%), flavonoid (aqueous: 6.72%), tannin (methanolic: 0.37%), saponin (methanolic: 4.27%), steroid (aqueous: 0.22%), and glycoside (ethanolic: 0.37%) content. Kolanut extracts exhibited high alkaloid, tannin, and steroid levels across all extracts, with glycosides prominent in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Guava extracts demonstrated varying concentrations of alkaloids (methanolic: 0.87%, aqueous: 0.18%), flavonoids (ethanolic: 1.60%, methanolic: 1.08%), tannins (methanolic: 1.09%, ethanolic: 0.83%), saponins (methanolic: 3.28%, ethanolic: 0.92%), steroids (methanolic: 1.13%, ethanolic: 0.43%), and glycosides (methanolic: 0.46%, ethanolic: 0.02%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) in the phytochemical amounts among the tested extracts for each plant.
Navigating Consumer Behavior in the Digital Age: The Role of Emerging Technologies and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Miah Md. Shelim
Published: September 2024

The rapid evolution of technology has led to a paradigm shift in consumer behavior, with digital marketing emerging as a pivotal force shaping the way individuals interact with products and services. In the age of technological convergence, where various digital platforms seamlessly integrate, understanding the intricate dynamics of digital marketing and its impact on consumer behavior becomes imperative for businesses seeking to thrive in the competitive landscape. This research aims to unravel the nuances of the relationship between digital marketing strategies and consumer behavior in the context of technological convergence. The study seeks to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms through which emerging technology influences consumer decision-making, ultimately aiding businesses in refining their strategies to better align with the evolving preferences of the technologically empowered consumer. The research employed a comprehensive review of existing literature on digital marketing, technological convergence, and consumer behavior serves as the foundation. Findings were derived through analysis of empirical data. The findings of this research shed light on the multifaceted ways in which digital marketing influences consumer behavior. The study identified key factors such as personalized content, social media engagement, and the role of emerging technologies in shaping consumer perceptions and choices. Additionally, the research explored that neuromarketing comprehend the stimuli that lead to the desired consumer behaviors. This paper shed light on ethical issues like data privacy, invasive marketing, and the potential for echo chambers, where consumers are repeatedly exposed to similar content. The rapidly evolving nature of technology poses challenges in capturing the latest trends and innovations within the digital marketing landscape. The insights derived from this research carry significant implications for businesses, marketers, and policymakers. By understanding the intricate relationship between digital marketing and consumer behavior, businesses can tailor their strategies to enhance customer engagement and satisfaction. Policymakers can use these findings to develop regulations that foster a fair and transparent digital marketing environment. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of technology, marketing, and consumer behavior in the contemporary digital age.
Securing OTP-based Access in Film-sharing Platforms Using RSA Encryption and QR Codes
Authors: Suhartana I Ketut Gede , Suputra I Nyoman Budhiarta , Gunawan Anak Agung Ngurah
Published: September 2024

Login data refers to information used by individuals who have purchased or subscribed to a specific membership. Typically, this data includes an OTP code. In this research, the OTP code is utilized to grant users access to view the list of movies associated with the account that added them as a member. OTPs are particularly vulnerable to attacks, as they are often transmitted via phone numbers or email. To mitigate risks such as eavesdropping or interception, implementing robust data security systems is essential. Cryptography, the science of data security and authenticity, plays a crucial role in protecting sensitive information. Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) is one of the algorithms employed to secure data. In this research, the RSA algorithm is used to encrypt the OTP code provided to members. This encrypted OTP code is then converted into a QR code format and sent to the user via email. An application of the RSA algorithm in this research has proven effective in securing data. This is supported by the results of avalanche effect testing, which showed an average security improvement of 51.9%. Based on this percentage, it can be concluded that the system provides a high level of data security, making it challenging for unauthorized individuals to breach.
Short-term Effect of \(PM_{2.5}\) on Childhood Pneumonia Admissions in Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouédraogo Abdoul Risgou , Banyeh Moses , Ouédraogo Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwindé , Bawa Eric Mishio , Osumanu Hisham Alhassan , Kangkpi Thea
Published: September 2024

Aims: There is evidence that atmospheric PM2.5 concentration is higher in Ouagadougou than the World Health Organization recommended threshold; however, its impact on childhood pneumonia admissions is unknown.
Study Design: This was a partial ecological study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle (CHUP-CDG) and the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO), from July 2019 to June 2020.
Methodology: The study involved 2012 (boys: 54.6%) children under 15 years who were admitted for respiratory diseases and had complete records. Of the 2012 children, 776 (38.6%) were diagnosed with pneumonia. The daily pneumonia counts and sociodemographic and clinical data were retrieved from the hospital’s records. Daily atmospheric PM2.5, temperature, and relative humidity were recorded in the same period. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling was used to forecast daily childhood pneumonia admissions.
Results: The median (IQR) of daily pneumonia admissions (count) and PM2.5 (μg/m3) were 5.0(3.0-8.0) and 19.67(6.05-154.50) respectively. While the likelihood of being hospitalized for pneumonia in children ≥ 5 years and those < 1 year were similar [OR: 1.35(0.98-1.85)],  the odds of the former being hospitalized for childhood pneumonia was greater than the latter after controlling  PM 2.5 [AOR: 1.38(1.00-1.90)]. The odds increased marginally after the addition of temperature  [AOR: 1.39(1.01-1.92)] but not humidity  [AOR: 1.39(1.01-1.92). In addition, the ARIMA (0, 1, 1) model was more suitable for forecasting childhood pneumonia admissions.
Conclusion: While no direct association between PM2.5 levels and overall childhood pneumonia admissions was found, the data suggest that PM2.5 may influence the risk of pneumonia in children aged 5 years and older. Further studies covering a longer exposure period are however recommended to validate these findings.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Bio Capsules: Enhancing Ginger Growth and Yield
Authors: Srinivas P. , Mahender B.
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to assess the impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria capsules on the growth and yield of ginger. PGPRs known for their role in nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and hormone secretion. These PGPR’s tested at the Turmeric Research Station, Kammarpally across three consecutive years (2018-2021) in combination with three ginger varieties (Mahima, Maran, Local type) and five different treatments T1-POP + Trichoderma (Talc formulations) + GRB 35 (Talc formulations), T2- POP + Trichoderma capsules + GRB 35 capsule, T3- POP + Trichoderma capsules, T4- POP + GRB 35 capsule, T5- POP (Recommended package of practices). The treatment T4V1 (POP + GRB 35 capsule with Mahima variety), produced the highest fresh rhizome yield with 6.28 kg plot-1 and 21.53 t ha-1 followed by T4V2 (POP + GRB 35 capsule with Maran variety) at 6.16 kg plot-1 and 20.15 t ha-1. These results suggest that GRB 35 capsules significantly enhance ginger yield, offering a sustainable approach to ginger cultivation.
Improving Mung Bean Yield: The Impact of Tillage Strategies on Soil Structure: A Review
Authors: Sharma Himani , Ankit  , Kumari Gitesh , Bindra A.D. , Manuja Sandeep , Guleria Abhishek , Kumar Sachin , Sahoo Chinmaya , Sharma Suraj , Verma Abhay
Published: September 2024

Pulses endowed with unique ability of nitrogen fixation constitute an important component of crop diversification and resource conservation in farming system.   Mung bean is one of the thirteen food legumes grown in India and the third most important pulse crop after chickpea and pigeon pea. Soil tillage systems can influence soil compaction, water dynamics and crop yield. These processes can be expressed as changes in soil microbiological activity, soil respiration and agricultural sustainability. The objective of this paper is to review the impact of tillage practices on soil properties and crop productivity of mung bean. The review synthesizes findings from recent studies and experimental data on tillage practices. Conventional tillage techniques include the incorporation of fertilizers and crop residue, seedbed preparation, aeration of organic matter and the release of nutrients. Tillage practices have an important effect on soil micro structure characteristics, water thermal properties and nutrients, but little is known in the newly reclaimed cultivated land. Tillage properties shows positive effects on soil properties and yield of mung bean. Bulk density decreased due to tillage practices Since tillage fractures the soil, it disrupts soil structure, accelerating surface runoff and soil erosion. Tillage also reduces crop residue, which helps cushion the force of pounding raindrops, and disrupts the microorganisms in the soil, leading to poor soil health. This review summarizes the current knowledge about tillage practices and its impacts on soil properties.
Determination of Lanthanum in Lanthanum Dioxycarbonate Drug Substance by Potentiometric Titration
Authors: Nagarajan Balaji , Haridharan Radhakrishnan , Manoharan Gunasekar
Published: September 2024

This research focused on the determination of lanthanum (LAN) in Lanthanum Dioxycarbonate drug substance through potentiometric titration, a vital aspect in ensuring pharmaceutical drug substance and formulation quality and efficacy. Lanthanum Dioxycarbonate, employed in treating hyperphosphatemia linked to chronic kidney disease, demands precise analytical methods for quality control. The analytical approach involves titrating Lanthanum Dioxycarbonate samples with a known concentration of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, with the endpoint detected potentiometrically. The study includes a rigorous analytical method validation (AMV) encompassing various parameters. The method demonstrated specificity, confirmed by the absence of blank interference and the yellow color of the solution at the endpoint with the potentiometric curve peaks indicating the absence of lanthanum. Filter compatibility study results showed that the % lanthanum content for centrifuged and filtered samples met the acceptable limits, allowing the use of 0.45 µ PVDF or 0.45 µ nylon syringe filters for regular analysis. Precision was evident from consistent results, with a mean lanthanum content of 99.1% and %RSD of 0.6%. Accuracy was validated through recovery at 10%, 100%, and 150% levels, averaging 96.9% with a %RSD of 4.2%. Linearity was confirmed by a linear relationship between sample weight and titer value, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99 for all levels. The robustness of the study results indicated the methods’ resistance under varied conditions. Thus, the validated potentiometric titration method proved effective for determining lanthanum content in Lanthanum Dioxycarbonate drug substance, exhibiting precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness, supporting its suitability for pharmaceutical quality control. This research addresses critical gaps in analytical methodologies for pharmaceutical drug substances and formulations containing lanthanum, contributing to the understanding of lanthanum determination.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in Kepilasgadhi Rural Municipality of Khotang District, Nepal
Authors: Mahara Ashika , Ojha Narendra
Published: September 2024

Background: Ethnobotany is a field that study traditional use of plants by local communities. In Nepal, approximately 80% of the population, particularly in rural areas, relies on traditional medicine due to their effectiveness and cultural significance.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the ethnomedicinal knowledge in Kepilasgadhi Rural Municipality, Khotang, Nepal, documenting medicinal plants used by local communities, identify diseases treated, plant parts used and application method, evaluate the Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) as well as threats, and conservation practices to these medicinal plants.
Methods: Primary data were gathered through reconnaissance surveys, key informant interviews, structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and field observations. Secondary data included previous research, journals, books, and reports.
Results: A total of 102 medicinal plants across 93 genera and 57 families were documented. Herbs were the most common life form (52.94%), with roots being the most used part (21.31%). Oral administration was predominant (72.54%), with inhalation being least common. Gastrointestinal disorders were most treated (54 plants), followed by skin issues. A total of 10 species showed highest FL of 100% for specific ailments. ICF values ranged from 0.11 to 0.75, with urologic disorders showing the highest consensus. Paris polyphylla had the highest RFC (0.98), while Cheilocostus speciosus had the lowest (0.02). The findings highlight significant UV for plants like Curcuma domestica L (1.83), indicating their high importance in treating ailments and frequent use as a traditional medicine. Despite a rich ethnomedicinal heritage unsustainable harvesting, forest fires, deforestation, illegal collection have threatened these resources. Conservation efforts include cultivating high-demand species, reforestation, and selective harvesting.
Conclusion: Although Kepilasgadhi is rich in medicinal plants and traditional knowledge, declining youth interest threatens their preservation. Urgent initiatives are needed to educate younger generations about these practices.
Agroecology Principles, Practices and their Impact on Sustainable Food Systems
Authors: K S Somashekar , Abhishek G J , Kumar Vikas , Tiwari Anjali , Lakra Tanu Shree , Sangeeta  , ManishKapoor  , Chauhan Bharti
Published: September 2024

Agroecology offers a comprehensive approach to sustainable agriculture by integrating ecological principles with socioeconomic considerations to improve the resilience and productivity of food systems. This review delves into the core principles of agroecology, including biodiversity, ecosystem services, social equity and explores various practices such as crop diversification, soil health management and integrated pest management. The environmental, economic and social impacts of these practices are examined to highlight their contributions to sustainable food systems. Case studies from different regions demonstrate the successful application of agroecological methods and their benefits for local communities. Additionally, the review discusses the importance of policy and institutional support in promoting agroecology, underscoring the need for enabling policies, educational initiatives and research efforts. Despite its many advantages, agroecology faces obstacles, such as limited awareness, resource constraints and policy hurdles. The review concludes with recommendations for overcoming these challenges and identifies future research opportunities to advance agroecology. By synthesizing current knowledge and outlining key areas for further study, this review provides a detailed understanding of agroecology’s potential to transform agricultural practices toward sustainability, offering valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners and researchers alike.
Antinutrients in Mungbean and Strategy for Reduction: An Overview
Authors: Narale Shrikrishna B. , Gore Vishnu B. , Ambhure Sudarshan , Kundan  , Kumar Ajay , Thombre Pawan R. , Suryawanshi Apeksha M. , Palghadmal Rohit
Published: September 2024

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a highly nutritious pulse, particularly popular in Asian countries and traditionally used in medicine. It is a rich source of protein, dietary fiber, essential vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, including calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, and potassium. Trypsin inhibitors, tannins, phytic acid, saponins, and polyphenols are some of the antinutritional substances found in mung beans that can lower their nutritional value by preventing the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates, causing problems with the liver and intestines, and binding nutrients. These antinutrients can have both beneficial and detrimental impacts on human health, and they are essential to plant physiology for defense and seed storage, among other functions. Several processing techniques, including soaking, autoclaving, cooking, sprouting, roasting, and dehulling, can be employed to lessen their effects; each technique efficiently reduces a particular type of antinutrient. Moreover, mung bean varieties with reduced amounts of antinutritional substances may be developed using breeding techniques like selection, backcrossing, and mutation breeding, which would improve the beans' total nutritional value.
Smart Packaging for Sustainable Food Waste Management: A Review
Authors: Bhalsing Pranav , Verma Praveen
Published: September 2024

The development of biodegradable packaging for partial replacement of petrochemical-based polymers is influenced by serious concerns regarding the environment and food safety. The purpose of this review is to provide current information on developments in biodegradable packaging materials, as well as the role that nanotechnology and virtual technologies play in the food supply chain. Typical biodegradable materials include polylactic acid, gelatin, starch, chitosan, and cellulose. Tensile strength, rip resistance, permeability, degradability, and solubility are a few characteristics that determine which food packaging materials should be used and how. Microbial enzymatic activities and bio assimilation are two ways that biodegradable films might break down in soil. Blended films are enhanced with nanoparticles to make packaging materials work better.
Knowledge of Artisanal Potash Based on Agricultural Produce in Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Carole Zouzou Souné , Rosine Adouko Henriette Adjo , Horline Zioh Nonhonde Degrace , Benjamin Kouame Kan , Kouakou Konan Ahossi , Sylvain Assienin
Published: September 2024

Artisanal potash is a product derived from the co-products of foods consumed in households and agricultural crops. The main objective of this study is to identify the different co-products used for the production of potash and the different process of manufacturing artisanal potash and the different areas of use thereof. To carry out our work a survey has been completed in seven cities of Côte d'Ivoire from March 2020 to 20 March 2021. Sixty-five people have been interrogated from an already pre-established question in order to collect their knowledge of artisanal potash. The questionnaire and data processing were performed using the Sphinx software. The co-products used for the manufacture of potash are various, and the most used are cocoa (13.8%) and coffee pane (12.3%). As for the manufacturing processes, the different processes listed are identical irrespective of the co-product used. The steps of the artisanal manufacturing process are: the co-product collection chooses, the incineration, the anchorage of the ashes, the draining, the separation of the nerve and the supernatant, the preparation and solidification of the potash. Also, potash is used in various fields. It is more used in the food field with a proportion of 90.8%. Agricultural co-produces used for the manufacture of artisanal potash are various and the manufacturing processes are identical. Knowledge of co-producers and the optimization of the manufacturing process of artisanal potash is a necessity for rural populations and the valuation of co-producers is a means of protecting the environment and economics.
Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Fluctuation Mapping Using Arc-GIS in Hosur-1 Micro-watershed of Karnataka, India
Authors: M V Manjunatha , Malappanavar Nagaraj , S B Manjunatha , Hebbara Manjunatha , V B Kuligod , M S Shirahatti , B Malappa , Hiremath Jyoti
Published: September 2024

Groundwater is a primary source of freshwater and used mainly for agriculture and irrigation purposes. Recharge to groundwater is the most important component in all the water balance studies. In the present study krigging technique was used for interpolate the groundwater level of the Hosur-1 micro watershed (Kanakvad sub watershed) in Gadag district of Karnataka state. In Hosur-1 micro- watershed 41 wells are there in the vicinity of major stream of the micro- watershed. The mean depth of ground water levels in the micro- watershed were monitored at a monthly frequency during January-2023 to March-2024. It was found that the maximum average depth of bore wells are about 9.55 mts and lowest average depth of borewell about 4.64 mts. The groundwater table between 2.48 to 14.70 mbgl during summer season period and 3.18 to 21.50 mbgl during the Rabi season. The pH of ground water varied between 7.0-9.0, maximum pH was recorded as 8.9 and minimum was recorded as 7.29 and maximum conductivity >3.82 ds/m and minimum 0.87 ds/m was recorded at Hosur-1 micro-watershed. The average infiltration rate of clay soil 2.73 mm/hr and R2 value for the trend line reaches the value of 0.5876. In case of sandy clay loam average infiltration rate was 3.83 mm/hr and R2 value for the trend line reaches 0.6572. It necessitates continuous monitoring of groundwater for assessing the possible damage on salinity and alkalinity induced soil health.
Effect of Fertilizer Doses and Vermicompost Application on Growth and Yield of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L.] var. Kashi Kranti
Authors: Choudhary Karishma , Swaroop Narendra , Dadrwal Basant Kumar
Published: September 2024

A research was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of NPK and vermicompost on growth and yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L.] var. Khasi Kranti. The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021 at central research farm, department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The soil of experimental area falls in order inceptisol and soil texture was sandy loam (sand 61.20%, silt 23.20%, clay 15.6%). This is a factorial combination of three levels of NPK and three levels of vermicompost which resulted in nine (9) treatment combination replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD)”. The result shows that application of treatment 100:60:50 kg ha-1 NPK + 6t ha-1 vermicompost  has greater effects on growth and yield of okra. The treatment 100:60:50 kg ha-1 NPK + 6t ha-1 vermicompost observed highest plant height of okra (77.47 cm), No. of leaves plant-1 (33.62), No. of branches plant-1 (38.01), No. of fruits plant-1 (19.87), and Yield (135.59) q ha- 1 compared to other treatments. Maximum Gross return (222885 ha), Net return (182494 ha) and B: C ratio (1:2.10) were recorded in treatment with the application of 100:60:50 kg ha-1 NPK + 6 t ha-1 vermicompost as well. Based on the above results obtained in this experiment, the application of 100:60:50 kg ha-1 NPK + 6 t ha-1 vermicompost gave the significant effects on growth and yield of okra.
Growth, Development, Yield Attributes and Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Influenced by Doses and Methods of Nitrogen Application
Authors: M P Shashidhar , Singh A.K.
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was carried out at School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU, Umiam, Meghalaya during summer season 2021 to study the effect of different doses and application methods of nitrogen on the growth, yield and yield attributes of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiment comprised of four doses of nitrogen viz.,0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1 and two methods of its application i.e., full dose as nitrogen as basal application and 2/3 of nitrogen dose as basal and 1/3 of nitrogen dose split application at active branching stage. The experiments consist of a total of 7 treatments laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Growth parameters such as plant height and number of branches per plant in frenchbean showed a significant increase at all the growth stages with increase in nitrogen doses. Maximum plant height (39.35 cm) and number of branches per plant (3.56) were observed with application of 90 kg N ha-1. The grain yield (762.32 kg ha-1) was observed with application of 90 kg N ha-1 whereas, lowest grain yield was observed in control (146.25 kg ha-1). Yield attributes were observed to follow the same trend with highest number of pods per plant as 5.44, number of seeds per pod as observed significantly more values of all the above said parameters of growth and yield of frenchbeanin comparison to full dose of nitrogen as basal alone. Therefore, the finding of this experiment suggest that the frenchbean should be grown with 90 kg N ha-1 and 2/3 of this dose should be applied as basal application while remaining 1/3 should be applied as top dressing at active branching stage for better growth and yield of frenchbean.
Moringa oleifera: The Miracle Tree - Nutritional Powerhouse and Medicinal Marvel
Authors: S Prabakaran , G K Kishorkumar , Singh Ravi Pratap , Rai Mritunjay , Chandra Vikas , Dessai Utkarsh Sawant , Mishra Yasharth , Pillai Sreejitha S.
Published: September 2024

The "Miracle Tree," Moringa oleifera, is a nutrient-dense plant with many health advantages. It has strong anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-cancer, and antioxidant qualities. It is also rich in vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. This review examines its nutritional worth, therapeutic applications, and industrial uses, such as food fortification and water purification. With potential for wider application in international health and business, moringa is an essential tool in the fight against malnutrition and the advancement of sustainable agriculture. More research is required to maximize its cultivation and increase its advantages.
Character Association and Path Analysis for Agronomic Traits in Diverse Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Genotypes
Authors: Farooqkhan Pattan , Rajan R. Ebenezer Babu , Susmitha J
Published: September 2024

The present investigation aimed to determine the intercharacter relationships among morphological characters in a diverse collection of 48 okra genotypes, including landraces, exotic, and indigenous accessions grown at an agriculture farm, near Sivapuri village, Tamil Nadu during January – May 2022 with the objective of enhancing the yield through selection. Both phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficient analyses were conducted. The results revealed that fruit yield had a highly significant and positive correlation with fruit girth, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, and harvest period. Conversely, a highly significant negative genotypic correlation was observed with days to 50% flowering, plant height, and days to first harvest. Path coefficient analysis provided further insights, indicating that days to first harvest, fruit weight, and the number of fruits per plant had positive direct effects on fruit yield per plant. In contrast, days to 50% flowering had a negative direct effect on yield. These findings suggest that selecting for traits such as earlier harvest, increased fruit weight, and a higher number of fruits per plant could lead to the development of superior okra cultivars with a balanced combination of traits, ultimately enhancing overall crop performance and sustainability in different agro-ecological zones.
Intravenous Ketamine in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Ibeneme Chidalu N. , Diala Amarachukwu B. , Afolabi Victory , Harry Nkechinyere M. , Anona Kenechukwu , Obitulata-Ugwu Vivien O. , Kuye Olubukola Anike , Arubuolawe Oluwatosin , Folorunsho Ibrahim , Busari Adeniyi Kayode , Madekwe Chinelo , Ojo Soji
Published: September 2024

Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) represent a critical public health issue, significantly contributing to global morbidity and mortality. Traditional pharmacotherapies for SUD have limited efficacy, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has shown promise beyond its anesthetic and analgesic uses, demonstrating potential therapeutic effects in SUD management.
Objective: This study explores the efficacy of intravenous ketamine as a therapeutic intervention for SUD, including alcohol, opioids, cocaine, and other substances.
Methods: A comprehensive review of clinical trials conducted in preclinical studies essential to assessing the potential effects of intravenous ketamine on various SUDs. The review focused on ketamine's impact on withdrawal symptoms, cravings, abstinence rates, and overall treatment outcomes across different substances.
Results: Studies indicate that ketamine infusions, combined with psychological therapies, significantly increase abstinence days and reduce alcohol intake. Ketamine also appears effective as an adjunctive treatment for benzodiazepine-resistant alcohol withdrawal. Clinical trials reveal that ketamine can alleviate withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings. High-dose ketamine administration showed a sustained reduction in craving and increased abstinence rates compared to lower doses. Ketamine treatment significantly reduces cocaine-seeking behavior and cravings in both preclinical and clinical settings. Participants reported reduced cocaine consumption and cravings post-infusion, with effects lasting up to several weeks. Preliminary studies also suggest ketamine's potential in reducing nicotine self-administration and aiding cannabis use disorder treatment when combined with behavioral therapies.
Conclusion: Intravenous ketamine shows promise as a treatment for various substance use disorders by reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms and promoting abstinence. However, further research with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods must confirm these findings and establish ketamine's long-term efficacy and safety in SUD treatment.
Exploring the Association between Vitamin D3 Levels and Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nasir Sadaf , Hussain Manzar , Ali Muhammad Yassar Jazaib , Ghouri Amna , Piyari Sant
Published: September 2024

Background: Lower vitamin D3 levels have been implicated in various musculoskeletal disorders, including back pain. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D3 levels and incidence of back pain and its severity in adults.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 100 adult participants. Demographic information, serum vitamin D3 levels, back pain assessments using validated questionnaire, and details about medication use, medical history, and comorbidities were collected. Ethical considerations were kept in view as per hospital guidelines.
Results: The study involves 100 patients, with 61.7% males and 31.8% females, aged 17 to 70 years (average 38.88, SD 13.458). 33% reported routine activity. Most patients (49.5%) experienced symptoms for over 8 months. Vitamin D3 levels correlated negatively with disability levels (r = -0.334, p < 0.001) and symptom duration (r = -0.315, p = 0.001). Higher disability levels correlated with longer symptom duration (r = 0.407, p < 0.001). Regression analysis shows Oswestry Disability Index significantly predicts Vitamin D3 levels (p < 0.001, standardized coefficient -0.336), while routine activity does not (p = 0.932). Our findings revealed a negative correlation between vitamin D3 levels and back pain severity.
Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that lower vitamin D3 levels are associated with increased back pain severity in adults. Further investigation is required to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking vitamin D3 deficiency to back pain. Potentially, our findings can inform public health initiatives and guide the development of targeted interventions to reduce the burden of back pain caused by vitamin D3 insufficiency.
Constraints Encountered by the KVK Beneficiaries of Manipur and Their Suggestions
Authors: Nath Dipak , Tamuk Yalem , Gohain Ingita
Published: September 2024

The main purpose of Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is to impart learning by ‘work experience’ and they tailor the training and programs according to the needs of the farmers of the specific region. They organize trainings for the capacity development of the farmers by methods of ‘teaching by doing’ and ‘learning by doing’. North East India consists of eight states where agriculture serves as the predominant occupation within the region, supporting more than 80 per cent of the population either directly or indirectly. The study reveals that unawareness of govt. subsidy programmes (62.5%), seeds of recent varieties are not available at KVK (45%) and recent release varieties are not included in frontline demonstration (39.2%). Constraints like the terms/concepts used in training programmes are scientific and hence difficult to understand (7.5%) and less emphasis on practical (Skill training) (5.8%) were the least challenges faced by the respondents. It is also suggested that more information should be provided on available govt. subsidy programmes (68.3% and 88.3%). KVK should arrange a greater number of training programmes on allied activities, i.e., poultry, goatry, and food processing (53.3% and 68.3%), Newly released varieties should be included in FLD (55% and 63.3%) and Inputs should be provided by KVK itself (46.7% and 51.7%).
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth Indices in Wheat Varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kaur Gurvinder , Singh Ishwar , Behl R. K.
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of the Department of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, during the Rabi season of 2022-2023. The study investigated the effects of integrated nutrient management, combining Hairamine (a protein hydrolysate derived from human hair) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK), on grain yield and related attributes across three wheat varieties. The soil at the site was sandy loam, well-drained, alkaline (pH 7.23), low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus, and high in potassium, with an electrical conductivity of 0.89 dS/m. Four treatments were tested: T1: Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF), T2: 75% RDF + 25% nutrients from Vermicompost, T3: 75% RDF + Foliar application of Hairamine at 30, 60, and 90 days after sowing (DAS) at 10 ml/l water, T4: 50% RDF + 25% Vermicompost + 3 foliar sprays of Hairamine at 30, 60, and 90 DAS at 10 ml/l water.These treatments were applied to three wheat varieties: “WH 1124,” “WH 1105,” and “WH 1184,” using a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that T4 (50% RDF + 25% Vermicompost + 3 foliar sprays of Hairamine) produced the highest plant height, number of tillers, and dry matter accumulation, and these results were statistically comparable to those from T2 (75% RDF + 25% Vermicompost). Therefore, incorporating Hairamine as a biostimulant with a reduced fertilizer dose is recommended for sustainable wheat production.
Design and Optimization of Microstrip Antenna for 5G Wireless Applications using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: S. Muhammed Sheriff , B. Obot Akaninyene , M. Udofia Kufre
Published: September 2024

The need for small-sized communication devices has compelled designers to create antennas with compact dimensions. These antennas have to meet certain specifications, including being inexpensive, lightweight, easy to install, and built with a robust mechanical structure. In this report, two microstrip antennas operating at 28 GHz-one unoptimized and the other optimized—are designed, simulated, analyzed, and compared. The design of the unoptimized antenna was done in Ansoft HFSS, while Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization was done in MATLAB. Results obtained make it clear how return loss, impedance bandwidth, gain, directivity, and VSWR relate to one another. The main parameters that determine the performance characteristics of the antenna are the patch width (Wp), the width (Wf) of the microstrip line, and the relative permittivity (\(\varepsilon{r}\)) of the dielectric material under the patch. These conclusions were confirmed based on design calculations and simulated results. Findings revealed that the optimized antenna worked better at 28 GHz than the unoptimized antenna, obtaining a larger impedance bandwidth (more than 63%), a 34% higher antenna gain (7.94 dBi against 5.25 dBi), and a 35% smaller footprint. The success indicators provided in the findings have helped to achieve the objectives of the study. Furthermore, a comparison study was carried out between the recommended antennas and a few previously published research.
Investigating the Impacts of Flipped Classroom Approach on Class Nine Students Learning of Thermal Energy
Authors: Zangpo Tashi , Pem Ugyen , Penjor Tandin
Published: September 2024

The flipped classroom is an emerging pedagogical model characterized by shifting teacher-oriented to student-oriented learning. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of flipped classroom approach on academic success of class nine students learning thermal energy in one of the Middle Secondary Schools in Bhutan. A quantitative method that is true-experimental design, specifically, pretest-posttest control group design and survey design were employed in this study. The data were collected from the physics learning achievement test and survey questionnaire. A total of 50 students participated in the true-experiment with 25 each in the control group and experimental group. The experimental group participated in a survey questionnaire to find their opinions on the impact of flipped classroom approach on learning thermal energy. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 was used to analyze the quantitative data. The results of the study indicated a statistically significant difference (t (48) = 2.53, p = .05) in physics learning achievement test between control and experimental groups with a medium effect size (d = 0.68), signifying implementation of flipped classroom has positive effect on learning thermal energy. Moreover, flipped classroom approach brought positive impacts toward students’ learning such as accessibility with supports from teacher and friends, motivation to learn at their own space and time, active engagement in the class, and achieve higher order thinking skills. There is a strong positive correlation (r =0.828) between flipped classroom approach and higher order thinking skills. This study was limited to short duration and small sample size. Further studies are recommended for longer duration of observation with more coverage of physics topics and more sampled schools spread across the country.