bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoção de saúde física e psicológica: intervenções realizadas com pessoas com deficiência física
Authors: Carvalho-Freitas Maria Nivalda , Santos Joelma Cristina , Magalhães Deruchette Danire Henriques , Moreira Rafaela Adriele , Vieira-Silva Marcos , Silva Vanessa Aparecida Da , Guimarães Andréa Carmen
Published: January 2017

Uma deficiência física contribui para que a pessoa se torne mais sedentária, o que pode levar à obesidade e outras doenças crônicas, bem como impactar a autopercepção e as interações sociais, podendo ocasionar quadros de depressão e baixa autoestima. O presente relato de experiência descreve a realização de atividades físicas e intervenções psicológicas grupais com 17 pessoas com deficiência física, durante 18 meses, no decorrer de um projeto de extensão em interface com a pesquisa. Visando à promoção da saúde física e psicológica do público-alvo, utilizou-se a técnica de Enrique Pichon-Rivière sobre grupos operativos e os recursos apresentados por Maria Lúcia Afonso sobre oficinas de dinâmica de grupo, além de atividades físicas estruturadas. Na exposição dos resultados deste trabalho, traz-se uma análise quantitativa, por meio da Escala de Mudança Percebida, e uma análise qualitativa, utilizando-se o método de Análise de Conteúdo das falas dos participantes. Os resultados quantitativos, bem como os assinalados pelos participantes, indicam melhorias nos aspectos físicos, psicológicos e sociais, as quais eles creditam às intervenções desenvolvidas. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, alcançar estudantes em formação e profissionais de áreas afins, que lidam direta ou indiretamente com pessoas com deficiência física, a fim de servir de referência para intervenções grupais que tenham objetivos semelhantes. Desta forma, espera-se que, além de divulgar os benefícios obtidos por esse público, seja possível ampliar os estudos, pesquisas e trabalhos neste âmbito, de modo a enriquecer a literatura acerca do tema e apoiar pesquisadores e futuros profissionais da área.
Mulheres hipertensas e a depressão: Relato sobre intervenção com grupo operativo e atividades físicas
Authors: Carvalho-Freitas Maria Nivalda , Vale Carina Aparecida , Meireles Giovana Monique De Oliveira , Fonseca Sarah Cecilio , Gomes André Henrique Azevedo , Silva Marcos Vieira , Guimaraes Andrea Carmen
Published: January 2017

A hipertensão é uma doença crônica não transmissível e representa um fator significativo na redução da qualidade e expectativa de vida das pessoas, sendo que as intervenções não farmacológicas têm se apresentado eficazes, com baixos custos e riscos. Alguns estudos desenvolvidos em pacientes deprimidos revelam a prevalência de 28% de hipertensão. Esse relato apresenta a experiência de trabalho realizada com um grupo de sete mulheres hipertensas, que foi desenvolvido com o intuito de promover saúde e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos sujeitos. A intervenção dispôs de atividade física e atividade psicológica – grupo operativo. Para avaliar os níveis de depressão utilizou-se o BDI (Beck Depression Inventory). Com os resultados constatou-se que a hipertensão se apresentou relacionada com a depressão. As intervenções se mostraram eficazes, considerando que por meio das análises qualitativas o grupo demonstrou adaptação ativa frente à realidade. Já nas análises quantitativas observa-se uma diminuição nos níveis de depressão e o grupo relata maior compromisso com a alimentação e hábitos mais saudáveis de vida, resultando melhora no controle da pressão arterial.
Vigilância na qualidade da água: um trabalho multidisciplinar do PET - Vigilância em Saúde/UFPR
Authors: Ditterich Rafael Gomes , Gonçalves Jéssica Rodrigues da Silva Noll , Assaf Andréa Videira , Rattmann Yanna Dantas , Buffon Marilene Da Cruz Magalhães , Pecharki Giovana Daniela
Published: January 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo descrever a experiência de implantação do PET-Saúde/Vigilância em Saúde no Programa de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para o Consumo Humano (VIGIAGUA) em Colombo-PR. Foram estabelecidos pelo grupo de trabalho seis momentos pedagógicos: 1) Conceitual / Teórico / Operacional; 2) Vivência de campo nas ações municipais do VIGIAGUA; 3) Avaliação das amostras coletadas no VIGIAGUA; 4) Implantação do heterocontrole de fluoretos e vigilância do trihalometanos; 5) Avaliação dos resultados do heterocontrole dos fluoretos e do trihalometanos; 6) Publicidade e divulgação das ações na comunidade. Essa proposta metodológica tem proporcionado uma reflexão sobre as práticas em serviço com os integrantes do PET-Saúde/VS, possibilitando uma avaliação de recursos e tecnologias desenvolvidas, além da divulgação no meio científico e comunitário das ações realizadas na vigilância em saúde.
Perfil da mortalidade infantil nas Macrorregionais de Saúde de um estado do Sul do Brasil, no triênio 2012–2014
Authors: Xavier Ferreira Vianna Rossana Cristina , De Souza Freire Márcia Helena , Carvalho Deborah Ribeiro , Migotto Michelle Thaís
Published: January 2017

A Mortalidade Infantil como parâmetro de análise da qualidade da saúde das populações é historicamente utilizada por gestores de saúde, e pelas organizações internacionais, por indicar o nível de saúde de uma população. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o perfil da mortalidade infantil, nas quatro macrorregionais de saúde do estado do Paraná, Brasil, com o recorte para o triênio de 2012 a 2014. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, retrospectivo, com análise descritiva simples de dados secundários dos Sistemas de Informação de Nascidos Vivos e da Mortalidade. Os resultados apontaram a existência de diferenças regionais quanto à via e à idade gestacional do nascimento, o Apgar ao nascer, e a escolaridade materna. As Macrorregionais que figuraram com indicadores menos adequados foram a Noroeste e a Oeste. Acredita-se que estas deverão ser mais bem investigadas para as confirmações e planejamento de intervenções que reduzam o risco para a ocorrência dos óbitos infantis. Mesmo havendo limites para pesquisas com dados secundários, o cenário apresentado poderá subsidiar os gestores regionais e estaduais, bem como suscitar novas pesquisas.
Leishmaniose tegumentar americana no município de Jussara, estado do Paraná, Brasil: série histórica de 21 anos
Authors: Oliveira Rosângela Ziggiotti de , Oliveira Letícia Ziggiotti de , Lima Meiri Vanderlei Nogueira de , Lima Airton Pereira de , Lima Renata Bernardini de , Silva Diego Gafuri , Lopes Fábio Rangel Gobeti
Published: January 2017

A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é uma doença causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e é transmitida ao homem pela picada do mosquito flebotomíneo. O Brasil nos últimos anos tem apresentado aumento do número de casos e a doença tem ampliado sua extensão geográfica. Na região Sul, o estado do Paraná registra mais de 90% das notificações e o município de Jussara, situado a noroeste do estado, tem um dos maiores coeficientes de detecção da doença (299,4 casos/100.000 hab). O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas da endemia da LTA no município, no período de 1994 a 2014. Observou-se que os coeficientes flutuaram ao longo dos anos. Foram notificados 399 casos. A doença foi mais frequente nos homens, adultos jovens, que adquiriram a LTA especialmente relacionada ao trabalho rural. A autoctonia da doença foi de 97,5%. A forma clínica predominante foi a cutânea e o acesso ao exame diagnóstico foi observado para todos os portadores da infecção. São reconhecidos na literatura os avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento e as dificuldades das medidas de controle da doença, especialmente aquelas relacionadas ao vetor.
Equipe gestora de municípios de pequeno porte na região Norte do Paraná
Authors: Bonfin Maria Carolina Bot , Nunes Elisabete de Fátima Polo de Almeida , Mendonça Fernanda De Freitas , Carvalho Brigida Gimenez
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do estudo é identificar a equipe gestora dos municípios de pequeno porte da macrorregião Norte do Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo realizado com as equipes de gestão em saúde de 82 municípios de pequeno porte da região Norte do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário estruturado contendo variáveis relacionadas ao perfil e atuação da equipe gestora. Os resultados revelaram que houve o predomínio de mulheres ocupando cargos de gestão e que mais de 50% dos membros da equipe gestora situavam-se na faixa etária de 30 a 44 anos e com ensino superior completo. Muitos profissionais que ingressavam nos serviços de saúde já entravam incorporados na equipe gestora. As funções de gestão mais referidas foram as relacionadas à responsabilidade pelos diferentes sistemas de informação, seguida pela regulação de exames e consultas especializadas e a função de planejamento e avaliação das ações e serviços de saúde. Ter uma equipe gestora relativamente jovem, com bom nível de formação pode contribuir para a construção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), desde que esta equipe realize uma gestão que não perpetue uma prática de reprodução de modelo hegemônico centrado na doença e na lógica do mercado.
Perfil de automedicação no município de São Miguel Arcanjo/ SP
Authors: Almeida-Junior Geraldo , Kamonseki Danilo Harudy , Rostelato-Ferreira Sandro
Published: January 2017

A automedicação é um fenômeno potencialmente nocivo à saúde individual e coletiva, e a adoção inadequada desta prática pode ocasionar danos à saúde do paciente. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar o perfil do usuário de medicamentos praticantes de automedicação no município de São Miguel Arcanjo, estado de São Paulo. Foi elaborado um questionário e aplicado em dois estabelecimentos de saúde do município entre os períodos de junho a agosto de 2015. Os resultados obtidos foram: 292 pessoas (75,06%) da população entrevistada usaram medicamentos sem prescrição médica, predominando o sexo feminino (54,46%). O nível escolar dos sujeitos do estudo (49,31%) corresponde ao ensino fundamental e a classe dos medicamentos mais consumidos foram os medicamentos isentos de prescrições (22,94%), seguido de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (18,49%). Conclui-se que no município de São Miguel Arcanjo/SP há uma alta prevalência de automedicação pela população, predominada por mulheres, destacando os medicamentos isentos de prescrições acompanhados pelos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais, sendo influenciadas por familiares e não sob prescrição médica ou indicação por um profissional habilitado.
Diagnóstico dos serviços de Farmácia Hospitalar da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Assunção Costa Lindemberg , Santana Souza Gisélia , Ribeiro Pinto Charleston , Costa Sampaio Bruna
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar a situação dos serviços de farmácia da rede de hospitais públicos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde da Bahia (SESAB). Métodos: Estudo corte transversal, descritivo e exploratório conduzido entre os anos de 2007 e 2008. Para avaliar as atividades da farmácia hospitalar foi utilizado um questionário padronizado contendo sessenta e dois indicadores distribuídos nos seguintes componentes: gerenciamento, seleção de medicamentos, logística, distribuição, informação, seguimento farmacoterapêutico e farmacotécnica. Resultados: Foram aplicados questionários em vinte e dois hospitais, sendo 12 (54,5%) localizados na capital, e, 10 (45,5%), no interior do estado. Quanto ao tipo de atendimento, 13 (59,1%) eram hospitais gerais. Cinco (22,7%) hospitais não possuíam relação de medicamentos selecionados e 9 (40,9%) possuíam protocolos escritos para o uso de pelo menos um medicamento específico. A maioria das unidades hospitalares possuíam farmacêuticos (86,3%). Somente três não possuíam farmacêutico. Quanto à localização, 15 (68,2%) farmácias estavam localizadas dentro do prédio de enfermarias/unidades de internação do hospital. Sobre a estrutura das farmácias, 81,8% delas apresentaram distribuição de medicamentos, 31,8% dispensação ambulatorial e 59,1%, setor administrativo. Doze farmácias (54.5%) estavam ligadas à área clínica no organograma do hospital. Quanto à gestão de estoque e condições de armazenamento, apenas 4 (18,2%) hospitais apresentaram sistema informatizado. Conclusões: As farmácias dos hospitais sob gestão direta da SESAB apresentaram baixo desempenho na maioria dos indicadores dos componentes avaliados e predomínio de atividades administrativas sobre as clínicas.
Medicamentos biossimilares: políticas públicas, regulação e a agenda não conclusa no Brasil
Authors: Rech Norberto , Gomes Castanheira Laura
Published: January 2017

A infecção pelo Vírus Sincicial Respiratório (VSR) é uma infecção do trato respiratório que acomete principalmente crianças e lactentes podendo levar à hospitalização e morte se não tratada adequadamente. Ocorre de forma sazonal, especialmente no inverno e principalmente no primeiro ano de vida. Em 25% dos casos, cursa com infecção das vias respiratórias inferiores, na forma de bronquiolite ou pneumonia. Existem vários fatores de risco associados à gravidade da doença pelo VSR: doença pulmonar crônica, prematuridade e doença cardíaca, dentre outros. A importância do manejo adequado desses pacientes é fundamental para reduzir as hospitalizações e a mortalidade relacionadas à doença. O artigo de Guedes e cols., publicado nesta edição do JAFF, traz um importante avanço na qualificação do acesso dos pacientes ao Palivizumabe, pois atende as diretrizes do SUS na descentralização e organização da rede de dispensação e administração desse produto no estado da Bahia. A combinação da avaliação de tecnologias em saúde com a organização dos serviços de assistência farmacêutica com base no território, seguindo a regionalização, tem como resultado a qualificação do processo assistencial, o que cumpre com os objetivos das Políticas Nacional e Estadual de Assistência Farmacêutica.
Caracterização das demandas judiciais de fornecimento do medicamento trastuzumabe em Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Morgan Andrade Lemos Larissa , Assunção Costa Lindemberg
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Caracterizar as ações judiciais de fornecimento do medicamento trastuzumabe impetradas contra o Município de Vitória da Conquista, BA, no período de 2009 a 2012. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo sobre as ações judiciais de trastuzumabe impetradas por pacientes com câncer de mama contra o munícipio de Vitória da Conquista no período de 2009 a 2013. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se um instrumento semiestruturado, previamente testado contendo as variáveis do estudo: elementos processuais, médico-científicos e sanitários das ações judiciais. Resultados: Foi identificado no banco de dados da Procuradoria do Município de Vitória da Conquista um total de 318 ações judiciais que citam o município como réu, nos anos de 2009 a 2012. Desse total, 187 solicitavam medicamentos ou algum artigo para a saúde e, destas, oito ações requeriam o medicamento trastuzumabe. As autoras das ações apresentavam uma média de 52 anos de idade, variando entre 40 e 72 anos, 50% das mulheres demandantes tinham idade inferior a 50 anos. Dos oito processos analisados, apenas em três havia documentos comprobatórios de fornecimento do medicamento ou comunicado oficial de que o produto já estava disponível para o reclamante. Desses três, apenas em um caso o fornecimento do medicamento foi feito pelo município de Vitória da Conquista. Conclusões: As ações judiciais impetradas contra o Município de Vitória da Conquista solicitando o fornecimento do medicamento trastuzumabe para pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama e os resultados dessas ações foram considerados pertinentes quanto à indicação do medicamento, aos cumprimentos técnico-científicos quanto a prescrição por nome genérico e os aspectos legais.
Neu5Gc and α1-3 GAL Xenoantigen Knockout Does Not Affect Glycemia Homeostasis and Insulin Secretion in Pigs
Authors: Salama Apolline , Mosser Mathilde , Lévêque Xavier , Perota Andrea , Judor Jean-Paul , Danna Corentin , Pogu Sylvie , Mouré Anne , Jégou Dominique , Gaide Nicolas , Abadie Jérôme , Gauthier Olivier , Concordet Jean-Paul , Le Bas-Bernardet Stéphanie , Riochet David , Le Berre Ludmilla , Hervouet Jérémy , Minault David , Weiss Pierre , Guicheux Jérôme , Brouard Sophie , Bosch Steffi , Lagutina Irina , Duchi Roberto , Lazzari Giovanna , Cozzi Emanuele , Blancho Gilles , Conchon Sophie , Galli Cesare , Soulillou Jean-Paul , Bach Jean-Marie
Published: January 2017

Xenocell therapy from neonate or adult pig pancreatic islets is one of the most promising alternatives to allograft in type 1 diabetes for addressing organ shortage. In humans, however, natural and elicited antibodies specific for pig xenoantigens, α-(1,3)-galactose (GAL) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), are likely to significantly contribute to xenoislet rejection. We obtained double-knockout (DKO) pigs lacking GAL and Neu5Gc. Because Neu5Gc−/− mice exhibit glycemic dysregulations and pancreatic β-cell dysfunctions, we evaluated islet function and glucose metabolism regulation in DKO pigs. Isolation of islets from neonate piglets yielded identical islet equivalent quantities to quantities obtained from control wild-type pigs. In contrast to wild-type islets, DKO islets did not induce anti-Neu5Gc antibody when grafted in cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase KO mice and exhibited in vitro normal insulin secretion stimulated by glucose and theophylline. Adult DKO pancreata showed no histological abnormalities, and immunostaining of insulin and glucagon was similar to that from wild-type pancreata. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, the insulin-to-glucagon ratio, and HOMA-insulin resistance in fasted adult DKO pigs and blood glucose and C-peptide changes after intravenous glucose or insulin administration were similar to wild-type pigs. This first evaluation of glucose homeostasis in DKO pigs for two major xenoantigens paves the way to their use in (pre)clinical studies.
Households’ Fuel Wood Dependence, REDD+ and Gender Coping Strategies: An Empirical Review and Policy Implication in the Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Jamal , Osei-Fosu Anthony Kofi , Yusif Hadrat
Published: January 2017

This paper reviewed existing literature on fuel wood dependence, REDD+ and gender coping strategies. Out of 180 sets of empirical studies in this domain, twenty five (25) were considered to have a bearing on our topic. The review showed that REDD+ policy in the Northern Region has not provided for REDD+ finance to curb the possible negative effects of the implementation of the programme. It is recommended that there should be a clear cut policy on REDD+ finance for those who depend on the forest. It is also recommended that there should enough public education for communities’ acceptance and integration.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2016, page: 12-31
Why judges should dissent
Authors: Hogg Peter W , Amarnath Ravi
Published: January 2017

This article discusses why judges at intermediate appellate courts should dissent when they are in disagreement with their colleagues as to either the outcome of a case or the reasons given to reach a particular decision. The authors argue that dissenting judgments promote individual judicial responsibility and demonstrate transparency as to how a decision was reached by a panel of judges. They also describe how dissenting judgments have the ability to potentially shape the law at different courts, including international courts. The article goes on to describe the challenges judges face when deciding whether to dissent. Specifically, the authors discuss how the politicization of judgments, the indeterminacy of decisions, and the fracturing of collegiality within a court can deter judges from writing a dissenting judgment.
The role of dissents in appellate judging
Authors: Steel Freda M
Published: January 2017

This article examines the practical side of writing dissents and concurring reasons. The author, an appellate court judge, offers her thoughts about a variety of issues including why dissents are so uncommon, how a judge decides whether to write a dissent or concurrence, the differences between dissents and concurrences, and what makes a compelling dissent.
A novel weighted scoring system for estimating the risk of rapid growth in untreated intracranial meningiomas
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Kim Jeong Hoon , Park Eun Suk , Kim Young-Hoon , Lee Jae Koo , Hong Seok Ho , Cho Young Hyun , Kim Chang Jin
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE

Advances in neuroimaging techniques have led to the increased detection of asymptomatic intracranial meningiomas (IMs). Despite several studies on the natural history of IMs, a comprehensive evaluation method for estimating the growth potential of these tumors, based on the relative weight of each risk factor, has not been developed. The aim of this study was to develop a weighted scoring system that estimates the risk of rapid tumor growth to aid treatment decision making.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 232 patients with presumed IM who had been prospectively followed up in the absence of treatment from 1997 to 2013. Tumor volume was measured by imaging at each follow-up visit, and the growth rate was determined by regression analysis. Predictors of rapid tumor growth (defined as ≥ 2 cm3/year) were identified using a logistic regression model; each factor was awarded a score based on its own coefficient value. The probability (P) of rapid tumor growth was estimated using the following formula:

RESULTS

Fifty-nine tumors (25.4%) showed rapid growth. Tumor size (OR per cm3 1.07, p = 0.000), absence of calcification (OR 3.87, p = 0.004), peritumoral edema (OR 2.74, p = 0.025), and hyperintense or isointense signal on T2-weighted MRI (OR 3.76, p = 0.049) were predictors of tumor growth rate. In the Asan Intracranial Meningioma Scoring System (AIMSS), tumor size was categorized into 3 groups of < 2.5 cm, ≥ 2.5 to < 4.0 cm, and ≥ 4.0 cm in diameter and awarded a score of 0, 3, and 6, respectively; the parameters of calcification and peritumoral edema were categorized into 2 groups based on their presence or absence and given a score of 0 or 2 and 1 or 0, respectively; and the signal on T2-weighted MRI was categorized into 2 groups of hypointense and hyperintense/isointense and given a score of 0 or 2, respectively. The risk of rapid tumor growth was estimated to be < 10% when the total score was 0–2, 10%–50% when the total score was 3–6, and ≥ 50% when the total score was 7–11 (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, p = 0.9958). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors suggest a weighted scoring system (AIMSS) that predicts the specific probability of rapid tumor growth for patients with untreated IM. This scoring system will aid treatment decision making in clinical settings by screening out patients at high risk for rapid tumor growth.
Anterior interhemispheric transsplenial approach to pineal region tumors: anatomical study and illustrative case
Authors: Yağmurlu Kaan , Zaidi Hasan A. , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Rhoton Albert L. , Preul Mark C. , Spetzler Robert F.
Published: January 2017

Pineal region tumors are challenging to access because they are centrally located within the calvaria and surrounded by critical neurovascular structures. The goal of this work is to describe a new surgical trajectory, the anterior interhemispheric transsplenial approach, to the pineal region and falcotentorial junction area. To demonstrate this approach, the authors examined 7 adult formalin-fixed silicone-injected cadaveric heads and 2 fresh human brain specimens. One representative case of falcotentorial meningioma treated through an anterior interhemispheric transsplenial approach is also described. Among the interhemispheric approaches to the pineal region, the anterior interhemispheric transsplenial approach has several advantages. 1) There are few or no bridging veins at the level of the pericoronal suture. 2) The parietal and occipital lobes are not retracted, which reduces the chances of approach-related morbidity, especially in the dominant hemisphere. 3) The risk of damage to the deep venous structures is low because the tumor surface reached first is relatively vein free. 4) The internal cerebral veins can be manipulated and dissected away laterally through the anterior interhemispheric route but not via the posterior interhemispheric route. 5) Early control of medial posterior choroidal arteries is obtained. The anterior interhemispheric transsplenial approach provides a safe and effective surgical corridor for patients with supratentorial pineal region tumors that 1) extend superiorly, involve the splenium of the corpus callosum, and push the deep venous system in a posterosuperior or an anteroinferior direction; 2) are tentorial and displace the deep venous system inferiorly; or 3) originate from the splenium of the corpus callosum.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Beverages in 2016
Authors:   Beverages Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Beverages would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal’s editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next MDPI publication and can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the service Publons (https://publons.com) to receive recognition. Of course, in these initiatives we are careful not to compromise reviewer confidentiality. Many reviewers see their work as a voluntary and often unseen part of their role as researchers. We are grateful to the time reviewers donate to our journals and the contribution they make.
Rising Precipitation Extremes across Nepal
Authors: Karki Ramchandra , Hasson Shabeh ul , Schickhoff Udo , Scholten Thomas , Böhner Jürgen
Published: January 2017

As a mountainous country, Nepal is most susceptible to precipitation extremes and related hazards, including severe floods, landslides and droughts that cause huge losses of life and property, impact the Himalayan environment, and hinder the socioeconomic development of the country. Given that the countrywide assessment of such extremes is still lacking, we present a comprehensive picture of prevailing precipitation extremes observed across Nepal. First, we present the spatial distribution of daily extreme precipitation indices as defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI) from 210 stations over the period of 1981–2010. Then, we analyze the temporal changes in the computed extremes from 76 stations, featuring long-term continuous records for the period of 1970–2012, by applying a non-parametric Mann−Kendall test to identify the existence of a trend and Sen’s slope method to calculate the true magnitude of this trend. Further, the local trends in precipitation extremes have been tested for their field significance over the distinct physio-geographical regions of Nepal, such as the lowlands, middle mountains and hills and high mountains in the west (WL, WM and WH, respectively), and likewise, in central (CL, CM and CH) and eastern (EL, EM and EH) Nepal. Our results suggest that the spatial patterns of high-intensity precipitation extremes are quite different to that of annual or monsoonal precipitation. Lowlands (Terai and Siwaliks) that feature relatively low precipitation and less wet days (rainy days) are exposed to high-intensity precipitation extremes. Our trend analysis suggests that the pre-monsoonal precipitation is significantly increasing over the lowlands and CH, while monsoonal precipitation is increasing in WM and CH and decreasing in CM, CL and EL. On the other hand, post-monsoonal precipitation is significantly decreasing across all of Nepal while winter precipitation is decreasing only over the WM region. Both high-intensity precipitation extremes and annual precipitation trends feature east−west contrast, suggesting significant increase over the WM and CH region but decrease over the EM and CM regions. Further, a significant positive trend in the number of consecutive dry days but significant negative trend in the number of wet (rainy) days are observed over the whole of Nepal, implying the prolongation of the dry spell across the country. Overall, the intensification of different precipitation indices over distinct parts of the country indicates region-specific risks of floods, landslides and droughts. The presented findings, in combination with population and environmental pressures, can support in devising the adequate region-specific adaptation strategies for different sectors and in improving the livelihood of the rural communities in Nepal.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Genes in 2016
Authors:   Genes Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Genes would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal’s editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next MDPI publication and can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the service Publons (https://publons.com) to receive recognition. Of course, in these initiatives we are careful not to compromise reviewer confidentiality. Many reviewers see their work as a voluntary and often unseen part of their role as researchers. We are grateful to the time reviewers donate to our journals and the contribution they make. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer for Genes, see the link at the bottom of the webpage http://www.mdpi.com/reviewers.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Basic Biology, Current Treatment Strategies and Prospects for the Future
Authors: Ohmoto Akihiro , Rokutan Hirofumi , Yachida Shinichi
Published: January 2017

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are rare tumors accounting for only 1%–2% of all pancreatic tumors. pNENs are pathologically heterogeneous and are categorized into three groups (neuroendocrine tumor: NET G1, NET G2; and neuroendocrine carcinoma: NEC) on the basis of the Ki-67 proliferation index and the mitotic count according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of gastroenteropancreatic NENs. NEC in this classification includes both histologically well-differentiated and poorly differentiated subtypes, and modification of the WHO 2010 classification is under discussion based on genetic and clinical data. Genomic analysis has revealed NETs G1/G2 have genetic alterations in chromatin remodeling genes such as MEN1, DAXX and ATRX, whereas NECs have an inactivation of TP53 and RB1, and these data suggest that different treatment approaches would be required for NET G1/G2 and NEC. While there are promising molecular targeted drugs, such as everolimus or sunitinib, for advanced NET G1/G2, treatment stratification based on appropriate predictive and prognostic biomarkers is becoming an important issue. The clinical outcome of NEC is still dismal, and a more detailed understanding of the genetic background together with preclinical studies to develop new agents, including those already under investigation for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), will be needed to improve the prognosis.
Laser Sintered Magnesium-Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Tsai Kuo-Yang , Lin Hung-Yang , Chen Yi-Wen , Lin Cheng-Yao , Hsu Tuan-Ti , Kao Chia-Tze
Published: January 2017

In this study, we manufacture and analyze bioactive magnesium–calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone (Mg–CS/PCL) 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Mg–CS powder was incorporated into PCL, and we fabricated the 3D scaffolds using laser sintering technology. These scaffolds had high porosity and interconnected-design macropores and structures. As compared to pure PCL scaffolds without an Mg–CS powder, the hydrophilic properties and degradation rate are also improved. For scaffolds with more than 20% Mg–CS content, the specimens become completely covered by a dense bone-like apatite layer after soaking in simulated body fluid for 1 day. In vitro analyses were directed using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on all scaffolds that were shown to be biocompatible and supported cell adhesion and proliferation. Increased focal adhesion kinase and promoted cell adhesion behavior were observed after an increase in Mg–CS content. In addition, the results indicate that the Mg–CS quantity in the composite is higher than 10%, and the quantity of cells and osteogenesis-related protein of hMSCs is stimulated by the Si ions released from the Mg–CS/PCL scaffolds when compared to PCL scaffolds. Our results proved that 3D Mg–CS/PCL scaffolds with such a specific ionic release and good degradability possessed the ability to promote osteogenetic differentiation of hMSCs, indicating that they might be promising biomaterials with potential for next-generation bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
Synthesis, Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Benzalkonium Chloride Analogues with Pyridine Rings
Authors: Brycki Bogumił , Małecka Izabela , Koziróg Anna , Otlewska Anna
Published: January 2017

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a group of compounds of great economic significance. They are widely used as emulsifiers, detergents, solubilizers and corrosion inhibitors in household and industrial products. Due to their excellent antimicrobial activity QACs have also gained a special meaning as antimicrobials in hospitals, agriculture and the food industry. The main representatives of the microbiocidal QACs are the benzalkonium chlorides (BACs), which exhibit biocidal activity against most bacteria, fungi, algae and some viruses. However, the misuses of QACs, mainly at sublethal concentrations, can lead to an increasing resistance of microorganisms. One of the ways to avoid this serious problem is the introduction and use of new biocides with modified structures instead of the biocides applied so far. Therefore new BAC analogues P13–P18 with pyridine rings were synthesized. The new compounds were characterized by NMR, FT-IR and ESI-MS methods. PM3 semiempirical calculations of molecular structures and the heats of formation of compounds P13–P18 were also performed. Critical micellization concentrations (CMCs) were determined to characterize the aggregation behavior of the new BAC analogues. The antimicrobial properties of novel QACs were examined by determining their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against the fungi Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Penicillium chrysogenum and bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MIC values of N,N-dimethyl-N-(4-methylpyridyl)-N-alkylammonium chlorides for fungi range from 0.1 to 12 mM and for bacteria, they range from 0.02 to 6 mM.
Flexible Transparent Electrode of Hybrid Ag-Nanowire/Reduced-Graphene-Oxide Thin Film on PET Substrate Prepared Using H2/Ar Low-Damage Plasma
Authors: Huang Chi-Hsien , Wang Yin-Yin , Lu Tsung-Han , Li Yen-Cheng
Published: January 2017

We employ H2/Ar low-damage plasma treatment (H2/Ar-LDPT) to reduce graphene oxide (GO) coating on a polymer substrate—polyethylene terephthalate (PET)—with the assistance of atomic hydrogen (Hα) at low temperature of 70 °C. Four-point probing and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy demonstrate that the conductivity and transmittance can be controlled by varying the H2/Ar flow rate, treatment time, and radio-frequency (RF) power. Optical emission spectroscopy reveals that the Hα intensity depends on these processing parameters, which influence the removal of oxidative functional groups (confirmed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) to yield reduced GO (rGO). To further improve the conductivity while maintaining high transmittance, we introduce silver nanowires (AgNWs) between rGO and a PET substrate to obtain a hybrid rGO/AgNWs/PET with a sheet resistance of ~100 Ω/sq and 81% transmittance. In addition, the hybrid rGO/AgNWs thin film also shows high flexibility and durability and is suitable for flexible and wearable electronics applications.
Fragilidad y degradación ambiental en áreas rurales de la diagonal árida templada argentina
Authors: Gabella Julia Inés , Campo Alicia María
Published: January 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar las características climáticas del partido de Patagones localizado en el extremo sur de la región pampeana argentina, determinar su inserción dentro de la diagonal árida templada argentina y entenderla como un área frágil de transición climática, expuesta a procesos degradatorios derivados de la acción antrópica. Se combinaron enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos y se caracterizó climáticamente el área mediante la aplicación del método de balances hídricos y el cálculo y análisis del Índice de Precipitación Estandarizado (IPE o SPI). Se observó en el partido de Patagones una desconexión permanente entre el binomio condiciones climáticas- medio natural y las lógicas de producción-explotación capitalistas implementadas en el área, lo cual han generado la degradación ambiental de este espacio rural.
Caracterización del patrón hidromorfológico del Arroyo de la Ventana en su tramo medio alto (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: García Martínez Belén , Gil Verónica , Carbone María Elizabeth , Posada Simeón Carlos
Published: January 2017

En este trabajo se determina el patrón fluvial del Arroyo de la Ventana a través de las características hidrogeomorfológicas del tramo medio alto del curso fluvial. Se generó un Modelo Digital del Terreno (MDT) de la cuenca media-alta del curso en base a los datos de las curvas de nivel de la carta topográfica de Tornquist, a escala 1:50.000. La cartografía geomorfológica del curso fue realizada a partir de la información del vuelo fotogramétrico del año 1981 a escala 1:20.000. Asimismo se realizó un relevamiento in situ de tres secciones transversales del cauce. Se identificaron dos patrones fluviales diferenciados: tipo trenzado, en el tramo alto del curso y otro de tipo meandriforme en el tramo medio. La dinámica fluvial actual del curso muestra una tendencia general a la incisión en el tramo analizado.
Grupos sintácticos comparativos de igualdad introducidos por el artículo determinado en español
Authors: Devís Márquez P. Pablo
Published: January 2017

En la larga polémica que en la gramática del español han suscitado las denominadas construcciones con artículo determinado enfático o cuantificativo, unos pocos autores han aludido al valor comparativo de determinadas construcciones con artículo cuantificativo o con artículo y un modificador cuantitativo elidido (No es lo inteligente que era su padre). El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer un análisis descriptivo que permita deslindar gramaticalmente estas construcciones con artículo determinado y valor comparativo de las estructuras no comparativas con artículo determinado enfático. En las primeras, el artículo no es un cuantificador independiente, sino un constituyente discontinuo de un sintagma que actúa como modificador cuantitativo del núcleo de la comparación.
Dynamic Impact Induced Residential Stress and Deformation in Silicon Carbide Ceramics
Authors: Gao Yuan Fei , Si Zhao Xia , Wang Li Juan , Feng Yong Hao
Published: January 2017

Silicon carbide ceramics with different grain sizes were tested at high strain rate using a small-scale gas gun with sharpened tungsten carbide projectiles impacting at a sub-ballistic velocity of 100 m/s. The resistance of ceramics to fracture was recorded by visual examination of the cracking on the impacted surface and the damage in the sub-surface region. The crack pattern and impact crater region size observed in silicon carbide specimens are generally due to their mechanical properties. Silicon carbide samples had good capacity to defeat the projectiles but the low toughness led to early failure. Raman SiC mapping was used to examine the residual stress and plastic deformation induced in each material. The silicon carbide samples showed different dynamic behaviours due to the extent of stress relaxation.
Rapid and Reversible Hybrid Organogels Induced by Solvent Response
Authors: Yang Hai Kuan
Published: January 2017

This paper describes a rapid formation of stimuli-responsive organogel from polyoxometalate-based hybrid, by simple mixing of gelator in N, N-dimethylformamide and toluene solution under ambient conditions.
Micro-Hardness Test of Cross-Linking LLDPE
Authors: Ovsik Martin , Manas David , Manas Miroslav , Stanek Michal , Janostik Vaclav
Published: January 2017

The presented article deals with the research of micro-mechanical properties in the surface layer of modified linear polyethylene (LLDPE). These micro-mechanical properties were measured by the Depth Sensing Indentation - DSI method on samples which were non-irradiated and irradiated by different doses of the β - radiation (0, 66, 132 and 198 kGy ). Individual radiation doses caused structural and micro-mechanical changes which have a significant effect on the final properties of the LLDPE tested. The highest values of micro-mechanical properties were reached at radiation dose of 132 kGy, when the micro-hardness values increased by about 29%. These results indicate advantage crosslinking of the improved mechanical properties.
Oxidation Resistance and Insulation of AlPO4/Al2O3 Coating on Tungsten Substrate at High Temperature
Authors: Fan Ai Ling , Xue Ying Kun , Li Wei Tian
Published: January 2017

To improve the oxidation resistance and insulation of tungsten electronic device at high temperature, an AlPO4/Al2O3 composite coating was synthesized on the tungsten substrate by sol-gel method. The morphology of coating was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared to the blank specimens, the coated ones exhibit excellent oxidation resistance and insulation at about 1100, which can be attributed to the compact coating without porosity and crack. Up to 1200, the effects of coating became dramatically poor. The electron conductivity mechanism was discussed.
Effect of PTFE Content on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Cu-Sn Coating
Authors: Ying Li Xia , Wang Xiao Hui , Zhang Chun Jie , Liu Guan Nan , Wang Gui Xiang
Published: January 2017

The aim of this paper is to obtain the Cu-Sn-PTFE composite coating with wear-resistant and antifriction properties, which can improve the comprehensive performance of Cu-Sn coating and satisfy the self-lubricating property in special working condition. This coating was prepared by pulse current on the basis of non-cyanide pyrophosphate-stannate Cu-Sn plating bath. The effect of PTFE content on the microstructure, composition, microhardness, and tribological properties were analyzed and compared in detail. Results show that with appropriate PTFE content, the composite coating of Cu-Sn-PTFE displays preferable low friction and anti-wear behavior.
Material Design and Experiment Test of a High-Impedance Complex Film
Authors: Liu Jin Tao , Li Yong , Feng Chun Lan
Published: January 2017

A novel high-impedance compound film material has been developed to satisfy the reservoir of many kinds of space liquid in space station. Considering the high gas-resistance and liquid-resistance, and its compatibility with the liquid in space station, the complex film was designed using 9 layers materials. The compatibility experiment and mechanical properties experiment showed that the high-impedance complex film has good compatibility with drinking water in space station. It also has excellent heat seal ability, physical and mechanical properties. The complex film also has high gas-resistance and water-resistance property, as well as great chemical corrosion-resistance property. The high-impedance complex film material offers a new method for the design and application of liquid container in space station.
The Effect of Different Methods of Modification on the Surface Properties and on the Finale Strength of Bonded Joints of Selected Types Thermoplastics
Authors: Bednarik Martin , Manas David , Manas Miroslav , Mizera Ales , Reznicek Martin , Hylova Lenka
Published: January 2017

In this study there was compared the effect of different methods of modification (modification by plasma treatment and ionizing beta radiation) on the surface properties (contact angle of wetting and surface free energy) and on the final strength of bonded joints of selected types thermoplastics (low density polyethylene and polycarbonate). At the present time bonding has spread into almost all sectors of practice and it would be very difficult to find an industry in which there is no need to use this technology of joining a wide range of materials. Generally, for the formation of quality bonded joint it is important to wet the adhesive bonding surface well. Wettability is characterized by the contact angle of wetting. The liquid has to have a lower surface energy than the solid in order to be able to wet the solid substance.
One-Step Hydrothermal Reduction and Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with a Modified Diethylene Triamine
Authors: Pan Yong Ling , Ma Chuan Guo , Wan Hua Mei , Huang De Shui , Wang Jin Xing , Tao Ping Ying , Shi Qi
Published: January 2017

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by modified Hummer’s method, and reduced by solvothermal method using ethanol as the solvent and modified diethylene triamine (amine curing agent 593) as reducing agent and modifier. The effect of reduction time and temperature on the structure and conductive property of reduced graphene oxide (593-rGO) was investigated by SEM, FT-IR and XRD. The results show that the graphene modified by 593 is obviously improved in dispersibility and sedimentation stability in dichloromethane, as well as in conductivity. The optimal reduction processing is that the mass ratio of GO to 593 is 2:1, the reduction time and temperature is 6 h and 160°C, respectively.
Stress-Strain Behavior of an Octahedral and Octet-Truss Lattice Structure Fabricated Using the CLIP Technology
Authors: Saigal Anil , Tumbleston John
Published: January 2017

In the rapidly growing field of additive manufacturing (AM), the focus in recent years has shifted from prototyping to manufacturing fully functional, ultralight, ultrastiff end-use parts. This research investigates the stress-strain behavior of an octahedral-and octet-truss lattice structured polyacrylate fabricated using Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) technology based on 3D printing and additive manufacturing processes. Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) is a breakthrough technology that grows parts instead of printing them layer by layer.
Lattice structures such as the octahedral-and octet-truss lattice have recently attracted a lot of attention since they are often structurally more efficient than foams of a similar density made from the same material, and the ease with which these structures can now be produced using 3D printing and additive manufacturing. This research investigates the stress-strain behavior under compression of an octahedral-and octet-truss lattice structured polyacrylate fabricated using CLIP technology