bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Patient Satisfaction and the Willingness to Return for Rehabilitation- A Pilot Study
Authors: Thao Nguyen Thi Thu , Xuan Trinh Thanh , Tran Nguyen Bao , Huong Bui Thi , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Duc Nguyen Quang , Thuy Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Tam Nguyen Thi Thanh , Ngan Nguyen Thi Hong , Van Khai Nguyen , Ngoc Nguyen Thi Minh
Published: October 2021

Background:

Patient satisfaction has played an important role in the development of health systems. However, the information on patient satisfaction and the returning of the patients for rehabilitation is limited. This study aims to explore the role of different domains in patient satisfaction with the willingness to return for further rehabilitation.

Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted among all 163 patients who were treated at different departments but needed a combination of treatment with rehabilitation at Viettiep hospital, Haiphong city. The Patient Satisfaction Index (PSI) Questionnaire was applied to record the average score of satisfaction. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between each domain of the PSI and the return for rehabilitation treatment.

Results:

Among the PSI scale, the strongest correlation was observed between the attitude of medical staff and the equipment and infrastructure of the hospital (r=0.305). The linear regression model indicated that patient satisfaction was associated significantly with the willingness to return for further rehabilitation (OR= 58.442). There were significant associations between the accessibility, equipment and infrastructure, quality of care and treatment, and cost of treatment with the returning for treatment of the patients.

Conclusion:

The patient satisfaction regarding individual domains should be considered in more detail in order to enhance the rehabilitation treatment of patients after discharging them from the hospital.
Identifying the Lowest Effective Initial Dose of Prednisolone for the Treatment of Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hadavi Marzieh , Soltani Akbar , Nourani Fatemeh , Roudsari Sahar Behnam , Jouybari Leila , Fathi Mobina , Haghighat Somayeh , Aletaha Azadeh
Published: October 2021

Background:

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (SAGT) is an inflammatory disease due to viral infections. Glucocorticoids, especially prednisolone (PSL), are one of the first approaches in the treatment of patients with SAGT. To date, no study has determined the lowest effective dose of prednisolone with the lowest recurrence rate in the treatment of SAGT. This study aimed to use meta-analysis methods to identify the appropriate dosage of prednisolone with the lowest recurrence rate in the treatment of patients with SAGT.

Methods:

This study was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist in February 2021. Two independent researchers performed a search for relevant literature published before March 2021 in English databases, including Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and also Persian electronic databases including SID, Iran medex, Magiran, and Irandoc. The search algorithm was initially developed by using a combination of MeSH terms, keywords, and also Boolean operators (“AND”; “OR”; “NOT”): Subacute thyroiditis, De Quervain Thyroiditis, Glucocorticoids, Prednisolone, Recurrence, and Meta-Analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 15.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) and SPSS 17.0. A random-effects model based on Metaprop was applied for the Meta-analysis. To assess heterogeneity between studies, the chi-squared test and I2 index were used, and for evaluating publication bias, funnel plots and Egger tests were performed.

Results:

The overall recurrence rate was 14.72% [95% CI: 9.63- 20.58] and there was a significant heterogeneity among the studies [I2 = 69.56%; P=0.000]. To evaluate the lowest effective dose of prednisolone, we divided the studies into two groups based on the mean initial dose of prednisolone: less than or equal to 20 mg/day (group one) and greater than 20 mg/day (group two). The recurrence rate in group 1 was 11% [95% CI: 5.7- 16.2] and in group 2 was 23.6% [95% CI: 11.5- 35.6]. Significant correlations were observed between the initial mean dose of PSL and recurrence rate (r= 0.71; P= 0.013). Begg’s funnel plot had no evidence of publication bias in these studies (p=0.160).

Conclusion:

According to the results of this meta-analysis, 15 to 20 mg/day of prednisolone is the most effective dosage with the lowest recurrence rate in the treatment of subacute Granulomatous thyroiditis.
Feedback and uptake in videoconferences for online intercultural exchange
Authors: Feng Ruiling , Shi Xiuhong , Hu Songlian , Yu Yong
Published: October 2021

Incidental focus on form (FonF) refers to the treatment of linguistic elements incidentally arising in a communicative setting during a meaning-focused activity. Videoconferencing for Online Intercultural Exchange (OIE) projects represents a typical meaning-focused communication activity but incidental FonF in group-based OIE projects is underexplored. The present study investigated the longitudinal changes of feedback types and factors related to successful uptake in Zoom-based videoconferences during a five-week OIE project. Chinese students and US students participated in weekly Zoom videoconferences to collect intercultural student ethnography data for their group projects with English as the exchange language. The videoconferences were recorded, transcribed, coded, and subsequently analysed quantitatively. Results returned that recast, clarification request, and translation were more frequently used but their frequencies did not significantly fluctuate throughout the OIE project, while metalinguistic feedback, elicitation, and explicit corrective feedback were less commonly used but their frequencies of use varied significantly. Repair provider (self-repair vs. other repair) and English proficiency were significantly associated with Chinese students’ successful uptake. The findings have implications for incorporating OIE and similar virtual exchange models into language teaching and learning.
Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) Program with iMINDr Application Support for Older Adults with Depression Symptoms: A Feasibility Study
Authors:   Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, USA, Hrnjic Lutvija , Fry Nina ,   Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, USA, Wahbeh Helané ,   Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, USA
Published: October 2021

The growing population of older adults with depression is a significant public health concern, and effective treatments are necessary. Mindfulness meditation intervention offers effective treatment for depression, but little research has been conducted on the older population. This study aimed to evaluate if the combination of the Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) plus iMINDr application improves well-being in older adults with depressive symptoms. Potential participants were recruited online. IMMI included a one-hour online session once a week, a daily 30-minute home practice of guided meditation using the iMINDr app, and a workbook. Measures were collected online before and after the six-week intervention period. Online session adherence was tracked. Thirty-eight participants completed all study requirements and are included in the analysis. Participants showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in depression symptoms, well-being, positive and negative affect, sleep quality, and pain intensity. Participants took 9.9 ± 3.5 weeks to complete the course. High attrition rates mainly were related to participants' motivation to complete the course and stress levels. There were no significant demographic differences between participants and depression symptoms. Potential applications and limitations are discussed. Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) was effective in treating depression symptoms in older adults.
Deep Learning–Assisted Burn Wound Diagnosis: Diagnostic Model Development Study
Authors: Chang Che Wei , Lai Feipei , Christian Mesakh , Chen Yu Chun , Hsu Ching , Chen Yo Shen , Chang Dun Hao , Roan Tyng Luen , Yu Yen Che
Published: October 2021

Background

Accurate assessment of the percentage total body surface area (%TBSA) of burn wounds is crucial in the management of burn patients. The resuscitation fluid and nutritional needs of burn patients, their need for intensive unit care, and probability of mortality are all directly related to %TBSA. It is difficult to estimate a burn area of irregular shape by inspection. Many articles have reported discrepancies in estimating %TBSA by different doctors.

Objective

We propose a method, based on deep learning, for burn wound detection, segmentation, and calculation of %TBSA on a pixel-to-pixel basis.

Methods

A 2-step procedure was used to convert burn wound diagnosis into %TBSA. In the first step, images of burn wounds were collected from medical records and labeled by burn surgeons, and the data set was then input into 2 deep learning architectures, U-Net and Mask R-CNN, each configured with 2 different backbones, to segment the burn wounds. In the second step, we collected and labeled images of hands to create another data set, which was also input into U-Net and Mask R-CNN to segment the hands. The %TBSA of burn wounds was then calculated by comparing the pixels of mask areas on images of the burn wound and hand of the same patient according to the rule of hand, which states that one’s hand accounts for 0.8% of TBSA.

Results

A total of 2591 images of burn wounds were collected and labeled to form the burn wound data set. The data set was randomly split into training, validation, and testing sets in a ratio of 8:1:1. Four hundred images of volar hands were collected and labeled to form the hand data set, which was also split into 3 sets using the same method. For the images of burn wounds, Mask R-CNN with ResNet101 had the best segmentation result with a Dice coefficient (DC) of 0.9496, while U-Net with ResNet101 had a DC of 0.8545. For the hand images, U-Net and Mask R-CNN had similar performance with DC values of 0.9920 and 0.9910, respectively. Lastly, we conducted a test diagnosis in a burn patient. Mask R-CNN with ResNet101 had on average less deviation (0.115% TBSA) from the ground truth than burn surgeons.

Conclusions

This is one of the first studies to diagnose all depths of burn wounds and convert the segmentation results into %TBSA using different deep learning models. We aimed to assist medical staff in estimating burn size more accurately, thereby helping to provide precise care to burn victims.
Impact of Medical Blog Reading and Information Presentation on Readers’ Preventative Health Intentions: Mixed Methods, Multistudy Investigation
Authors: Taylor Kimberly A , Humphrey Jr William F
Published: October 2021

Background

Medical blogs have become valuable information sources for patients and caregivers. Most research has focused on patients’ creation of blogs as therapy. But we know less about how these blogs affect their readers and what format of information influences readers to take preventative health actions.

Objective

This study aimed to identify how reading patient medical blogs influences readers’ perceived health risk and their intentions to engage in preventative health actions. Further, we aimed to examine the format of the medical blog and the reader’s response.

Methods

We surveyed 99 university participants and a general-population, online panel of 167 participants. Both studies randomly assigned participants to conditions and measured blog evaluation, intentions for preventative health action, and evaluation of health risk and beliefs, and allowed open-ended comments. The second study used a different sample and added a control condition. A third study used a convenience sample of blog readers to evaluate the link between reading medical blogs and taking preventative health action.

Results

Across 3 studies, participants indicated a desire to take future preventative health action after reading patient blogs. Studies 1 and 2 used experimental scenario-based designs, while Study 3 employed a qualitative design with real blog readers. The 2 experimental studies showed that the type of blog impacted intentions to engage in future preventative health actions (Study 1: F2,96=6.08, P=.003; Study 2: F3,166=2.59, P=.06), with a statistical blog being most effective in both studies and a personal narrative blog showing similar effectiveness in Study 2, contrary to some prior research. The readers’ perceptions of their own health risk did not impact the relationship between the blog type and health intentions. In contrast, in one study, participants’ judgments about the barriers they might face to accessing care improved the fit of the model (F2,95=13.57, P<.001). In Study 3’s sample of medical blog readers, 53% (24/45) reported taking preventative health action after reading a health blog, including performing a self-check, asking a doctor about their health risk, or requesting a screening test. Additionally, these readers expressed that they read the blogs to follow the author (patient) and to learn general health information. All studies demonstrated the blogs were somewhat sad and emotional but also informative and well-written. They noted that the blogs made them appreciate life more and motivated them to consider taking some action regarding their health. 

Conclusions

Reading patient blogs influences intentions to take future health actions. However, blog formats show different efficacy, and the readers’ disease risk perceptions do not. Physicians, medical practitioners, and health organizations may find it useful to curate or promote selected medical blogs to influence patient behavior.
Using Social Media to Understand Web-Based Social Factors Concerning Obesity: Systematic Review
Authors: Li Chuqin , Ademiluyi Adesoji , Ge Yaorong , Park Albert
Published: October 2021

Background

Evidence in the literature surrounding obesity suggests that social factors play a substantial role in the spread of obesity. Although social ties with a friend who is obese increase the probability of becoming obese, the role of social media in this dynamic remains underexplored in obesity research. Given the rapid proliferation of social media in recent years, individuals socialize through social media and share their health-related daily routines, including dieting and exercising. Thus, it is timely and imperative to review previous studies focused on social factors in social media and obesity.

Objective

This study aims to examine web-based social factors in relation to obesity research.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review. We searched PubMed, Association for Computing Machinery, and ScienceDirect for articles published by July 5, 2019. Web-based social factors that are related to obesity behaviors were studied and analyzed.

Results

In total, 1608 studies were identified from the selected databases. Of these 1608 studies, 50 (3.11%) studies met the eligibility criteria. In total, 10 types of web-based social factors were identified, and a socioecological model was adopted to explain their potential impact on an individual from varying levels of web-based social structure to social media users’ connection to the real world.

Conclusions

We found 4 levels of interaction in social media. Gender was the only factor found at the individual level, and it affects user’s web-based obesity-related behaviors. Social support was the predominant factor identified, which benefits users in their weight loss journey at the interpersonal level. Some factors, such as stigma were also found to be associated with a healthy web-based social environment. Understanding the effectiveness of these factors is essential to help users create and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Adoption of Machine Learning Systems for Medical Diagnostics in Clinics: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Pumplun Luisa , Fecho Mariska , Wahl Nihal , Peters Felix , Buxmann Peter
Published: October 2021

Background

Recently, machine learning (ML) has been transforming our daily lives by enabling intelligent voice assistants, personalized support for purchase decisions, and efficient credit card fraud detection. In addition to its everyday applications, ML holds the potential to improve medicine as well, especially with regard to diagnostics in clinics. In a world characterized by population growth, demographic change, and the global COVID-19 pandemic, ML systems offer the opportunity to make diagnostics more effective and efficient, leading to a high interest of clinics in such systems. However, despite the high potential of ML, only a few ML systems have been deployed in clinics yet, as their adoption process differs significantly from the integration of prior health information technologies given the specific characteristics of ML.

Objective

This study aims to explore the factors that influence the adoption process of ML systems for medical diagnostics in clinics to foster the adoption of these systems in clinics. Furthermore, this study provides insight into how these factors can be used to determine the ML maturity score of clinics, which can be applied by practitioners to measure the clinic status quo in the adoption process of ML systems.

Methods

To gain more insight into the adoption process of ML systems for medical diagnostics in clinics, we conducted a qualitative study by interviewing 22 selected medical experts from clinics and their suppliers with profound knowledge in the field of ML. We used a semistructured interview guideline, asked open-ended questions, and transcribed the interviews verbatim. To analyze the transcripts, we first used a content analysis approach based on the health care–specific framework of nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability. Then, we drew on the results of the content analysis to create a maturity model for ML adoption in clinics according to an established development process.

Results

With the help of the interviews, we were able to identify 13 ML-specific factors that influence the adoption process of ML systems in clinics. We categorized these factors according to 7 domains that form a holistic ML adoption framework for clinics. In addition, we created an applicable maturity model that could help practitioners assess their current state in the ML adoption process.

Conclusions

Many clinics still face major problems in adopting ML systems for medical diagnostics; thus, they do not benefit from the potential of these systems. Therefore, both the ML adoption framework and the maturity model for ML systems in clinics can not only guide future research that seeks to explore the promises and challenges associated with ML systems in a medical setting but also be a practical reference point for clinicians.
Web-Based Structured Education for Type 2 Diabetes: Interdisciplinary User-Centered Design Approach
Authors: Poduval Shoba , Ross Jamie , Pal Kingshuk , Newhouse Nikki , Hamilton Fiona , Murray Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

Background

Digital health research encompasses methods from human-computer interaction and health research.

Objective

This paper aims to describe how these methods were combined to develop HeLP-Diabetes: Starting Out, a web-based structured education program for people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

The development process consisted of three phases: initial design for effectiveness, optimization for usability, and in the wild testing in the National Health Service with people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and further revisions. We adopted an iterative user-centered approach and followed steps from the human-computer interaction design life cycle and the Medical Research Council guidelines on developing and evaluating complex interventions.

Results

The initial design process resulted in an 8-session program containing information and behavior change techniques targeting weight loss, being more active, and taking medication. The usability testing was highlighted at an early stage, where changes needed to be made to the language and layout of the program. The in the wild testing provided data on uptake of and barriers to use. The study suggested low uptake and completion of the program, but those who used it seemed to benefit from it. The qualitative findings suggested that barriers to use included an expectation that the program would take too long. This informed refinements to the program.

Conclusions

The use of interdisciplinary methods resulted in an iterative development process and refinements to the program that were based on user needs and data on uptake. The final intervention was more suitable for a definitive evaluation than the initial version. The description of our approach informs other digital health researchers on how to make interventions more sensitive to user needs.
Peer Review of “Machine Learning–Based Prediction of COVID-19 Mortality With Limited Attributes to Expedite Patient Prognosis and Triage: Retrospective Observational Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Boie Sebastian Daniel
Published: October 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report for ms#29392.
Tracking Private WhatsApp Discourse About COVID-19 in Singapore: Longitudinal Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tan Edina YQ , Wee Russell RE , Saw Young Ern , Heng Kylie JQ , Chin Joseph WE , Tong Eddie MW , Liu Jean CJ
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Worldwide, social media traffic increased following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the spread of COVID-19 content has been described for several social media platforms (eg, Twitter and Facebook), little is known about how such content is spread via private messaging platforms, such as WhatsApp (WhatsApp LLC).

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we documented (1) how WhatsApp is used to transmit COVID-19 content, (2) the characteristics of WhatsApp users based on their usage patterns, and (3) how usage patterns link to COVID-19 concerns.

METHODS

We used the experience sampling method to track day-to-day WhatsApp usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. For 1 week, participants reported each day the extent to which they had received, forwarded, or discussed COVID-19 content. The final data set comprised 924 data points, which were collected from 151 participants.

RESULTS

During the weeklong monitoring process, most participants (143/151, 94.7%) reported at least 1 COVID-19–related use of WhatsApp. When a taxonomy was generated based on usage patterns, around 1 in 10 participants (21/151, 13.9%) were found to have received and shared a high volume of forwarded COVID-19 content, akin to super-spreaders identified on other social media platforms. Finally, those who engaged with more COVID-19 content in their personal chats were more likely to report having COVID-19–related thoughts throughout the day.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings provide a rare window into discourse on private messaging platforms. Such data can be used to inform risk communication strategies during the pandemic.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04367363; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04367363
A Web-Based Escape Room to Raise Awareness About Severe Mental Illness Among University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Rodriguez-Ferrer Jose M , Manzano-León Ana , Cangas Adolfo J , Aguilar-Parra Jose M
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

People with severe mental illness (SMI) face discriminatory situations because of prejudice toward them, even among health care personnel. Escape rooms can be a novel educational strategy for learning about and empathizing with SMI, thus reducing stigma among health care students.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the effect of the Without Memories escape room on nursing students’ stigma against SMI.

METHODS

A pre- and postintervention study was conducted with a control group and an experimental group. A total of 306 students from 2 Andalusian universities participated in the study. Data were collected through a pre-post study questionnaire, consisting of an adapted version of the Attributional Style Questionnaire and a questionnaire on motivation for cooperative playful learning strategies. The control group carried out an escape room scenario without sensitizing content, whereas the experimental group carried out an escape room scenario on SMI, with both escape rooms being carried out in a 1-hour session of subjects related to mental health. To answer the research questions, a 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, a linear regression, and a 2-way analysis of variance were performed.

RESULTS

After the intervention, a significant reduction (P<.001) was observed in the experimental group in stigmatizing attitudes compared with the control group, in which no statistically significant changes (P>.05) were observed. In contrast, the linear regression (t195=−22.15; P<.001) showed that there was an inverse relationship between flow and the level of reduced stigma. When controlling for having or not having a close relative, the intervention was also shown to be effective (P<.001) in reducing the stigma displayed, both for people with affected and unaffected relatives.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that the Without Memories escape room can be used as an effective tool to educate and raise awareness about stigmatizing attitudes toward SMI in university students studying health care. Future testing of the effectiveness of educational escape rooms should be designed with new programs through playful strategies of longer duration to evaluate whether they can achieve a greater impact on motivation, acquisition of knowledge, and awareness. In addition, the feasibility of implementing the Without Memories escape room in other careers related to health and community should be investigated.
Currículo da cidade e dispositivo da infantilidade na constituição de um território educativo
Authors: Regina Batista de Souza Pollyanna , Carolina da Silva Caldeira Maria
Published: October 2021

Porquanto as cidades têm um currículo, o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a constituição, como território educativo, de um trajeto percorrido por crianças organizadas em uma experiência de educação integral caracterizada por oferecer atividades fora do espaço escolar: o Programa Escola Integrada (Belo Horizonte/MG). Baseado na perspectiva pós-crítica dos estudos curriculares, o artigo mostra que, na vivência do currículo da cidade, embora as crianças estejam inscritas em um mundo cujo modo de ser adulto é normatizado por meio do dispositivo da infantilidade (que produz sujeitos infantis desde o início da Modernidade), as crianças aprendem na/com a cidade, o que possibilita a criação de territórios educativos. Utilizando elementos da etnografia educacional e da análise de discurso foucaultiana, apresentamos aspectos para refletir sobre as práticas pedagógicas, sobretudo as referentes à constituição de subjetividades, dos programas de educação integral no Brasil.
Currículo, tecnologias e projeto de nação
Authors: Silva Maria da Graça Moreira , Almeida Fernando José de
Published: October 2021

Esse artigo tece o diálogo entre cultura e educação, tendo a cultura digital como uma das mediadoras e a construção do currículo como eixo central para o projeto de nação. Não se esquivam as contradições, retrocessos e incoerências que permeiam esse diálogo, nem os avanços caminhados na escola republicana. Destaca os perigos que podem enviesar esse diálogo e os retrocessos transvestidos de inovação educacional. Pondera as armadilhas ideológicas e conceituais que a sociedade de consumo e a economia financista colocam à função social da escola, do currículo e do papel das tecnologias na educação. Analisa as políticas públicas e seus avanços, concluindo que a integração entre tecnologias e currículo pode se mostrar como um dos caminhos, quando tratam das tecnologias como meios para a humanização, para o empoderamento e para a libertação com vistas à qualidade social da educação.
Cidades Educadoras e Teoria das Representações Sociais: contextos e interfaces
Authors: Ens Romilda Teodora , Nagel Jaqueline , Withers Simone
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo objetiva estabelecer relações entre os elementos teórico-epistemológicos da Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS), idealizada por Serge Moscovici, com a concepção de Cidades Educadoras, por meio da análise de narrativas que emergem dos princípios da Carta das Cidades Educadoras. Como aporte teórico utilizamos a TRS, com base em Moscovici (2001, 2015), Jodelet (2001), Doise (2001), entre outros autores; já para o estudo sobre Cidades Educadoras apoiamo-nos em autores como Zitkoski (2005) e Moll (2019), além do texto da Carta das Cidades Educadoras (2020). O caminho metodológico foi traçado a partir da organização da Categorização Hierárquica Descendente (CHD) dos princípios elencados na carta, processado pelo software IRAMUTEQ. Para o presente estudo, optamos por realizar a análise da classe 2, denominada Direito à Educação. O discurso contido no documento destaca as palavras “educador”, “cidade” e “direito”, relacionado à concepção de que a cidade possui um potencial educador e busca da garantia do direito à educação e à cidade, ao situá-la como importante espaço/tempo da educação na cidadania.
La enfermedad renal crónica. Revisión de laliteratura y experiencia local en una ciudad de Ecuador
Authors: Pillajo Sánchez Brenda Lorena , Guacho Guacho Juan Sebastián , Moya Guerrero Iván Ricardo
Published: October 2021

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) representa una problemática importante de salud pública a nivel mundial, pues tiene implicaciones clínicas y socioeconómicas significativas. Lo anterior ha motivado a incrementar los esfuerzos por parte de los sistemas sanitarios para mejorar su detección precoz, así como la coordinación entre las distintas especialidades médicas. La evidencia científica ha demostrado que, en la actualidad, la incidencia de la ERC incrementa en correlación con el proceso de envejecimiento, siendo este uno de los factores asociados más importantes a tener en cuenta, junto con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Por lo tanto, se hace relevante realizar una revisión de la literatura disponible para exponer la situación actual de la ERC a nivel mundial y poderla comparar con la experiencia local de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador, esto desde un enfoque nefroprotector.
Influence of psychological characteristics of military services on the features of adaptation to the conditions of the Far North
Authors: Agafonov P. V. , Khalimov Yu. Sh. , Gaiduk S. V. , Kryukov E. V.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study: to consider the main personality types, indicators of personal and situational anxiety in military personnel of fixed-term and contractual service, depending on the duration of their stay in the Arctic region, and also to assess the influence of the psychological characteristics of military personnel on the processes of adaptation to the conditions of the Far North.

Materials and methods. Psychological testing was carried out on 249 male servicemen aged 18-31 years (average age 21.5±4.8 years) who served in the Far North (158 people) and in the Western Military District (91 people). Testing was carried out at the beginning of the service, as well as 6 months after the start of service in various regions. To study personality typology, the Abbreviated Multifactorial Questionnaire for Personality Research (SMOL) and the Luscher test were used, and the Spielberger-Khanin test was used to assess personal and situational anxiety.

Results and discussion. The survey showed predominantly asthenoneurotic and epileptoid-excitable personality types among conscripts, which was combined with high rates of personal and situational anxiety. The six-month period of service in the Far North for conscripts was not accompanied by a significant decrease in situational anxiety, which may indicate a low potential for psychological adaptation to the harsh conditions of service in the polar latitudes. And, on the contrary, among contract servicemen, a 6-month service in the Arctic led to an almost complete return of the indicators of situational anxiety to the values of a temperate climate. Thus, the preferential direction for service in the Arctic for contract servicemen will speed up the adaptation process. To assess the dynamics of situational anxiety during service in the Arctic region, it is justified to conduct psychological testing with a frequency of 6 months, which will identify servicemen with low adaptive potential.
The Dominants of Contemporary Political Culture and the Transformation of Political Governance
Authors: Tumanov A. D.
Published: October 2021

Contemporary political governance is increasingly dependent on the trends of global globalization, changing in the context of global migration and constantly creating and changing multinational communities. This article aims to analyze the existing policies of social inclusion that form the basis of political culture, which plays a significant role in the system of modern political governance in the era of globalization. The aim of the paper is to substantiate the importance of changing the political space for creating a policy of diversity and inclusion, aimed at forming a modern political culture that meets the current trends in governance in the era of globalization. The major research issue of this paper is the question of which points of political culture are the most transformative for the modern political system. The article analyzes the dominant features of modern political culture, which should be paid attention to both in theoretical analysis and in making managerial decisions. The research method is an open-ended written expert survey — 23 experts took part in the survey; the volume of the material obtained as a result of the survey is 48,000 words. The analysis and processing of information was carried out using the methods of systematization, problem-management design and the method of identifying problem dominants. Expert interviews allowed us to identify a number of measures that the political authorities can take to strengthen the transformational potential of political culture. These include the creation of political initiatives and easily accessible opportunities for political integration; the development of an inclusive and tolerant society through the reallocation of resources to help various kinds of minorities, aimed at helping them understand and use their rights and responsibilities; and the development of creativity and innovation as the basis of a new type of political culture. The results of the analysis of expert interviews complement modern international research on the formation of a new political culture and its impact on the formation of the political system. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that modern political culture assumes controlled diversity, and this is the basis for the transformation of the political system in the near future. The main dominants of political culture are the strengthening of the importance of the local and, in particular, the strengthening of the importance of the urban environment; the development of the political culture of migrants; inclusiveness of political communities, especially at the local level.
Political Image of the Regional Leader on Instagram
Authors: Kaminchenko D. I.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the features of modern political communication in the context of society networkization. The interaction of a regional political leader and society in the sign-symbolic space of political communication is considered.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the main image-role semantic constructs, which are reflected in the messages of the head of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, posted by him on the popular Internet platform for social media Instagram. In addition to establishing the most actively used semantic image-role constructs, the research determines the degree of it`s popularity and the level of it`s approval among the audience of this Internet platform.

The qualitative and quantitative type of content analysis was chosen as the main applied research method. In addition to it, a comparative analysis method is used. The conceptual basis of the research is formed by the theory of the information society, as well as the concepts of “network image”, “digitalization policy” and “network identity”.

According to the results of the conducted content analysis, it was found that more often than others in the messages posted on the studied official Internet page of the political leader in Instagram, such an image-role construct as an “organizer” is presented. This corresponds to the type of leadership characteristic of this political leader. Among the entries that aroused a relatively increased attention of the audience of the Internet platform, there are messages where a number of image-role constructs are presented, including: “crisis manager”, “organizer”, “team player”, “builder”, “open leader, hearing society” and “business executive”. Such a uniform distribution of the audience’s interest in it`s functional and semantic constructs may be explained by the fact that the head of the region is actively paying attention to each of the designated thematic areas.

The highest level of approval from the audience of the Internet platform was received by the messages, which reflected such image-role constructs as “family man” and “leader looking to the future”. Considering the relatively inactive use of the designated semantic constructs by the head of the region in the messages posted on his official Instagram page, it is noted that an increase in the number of messages, which would reflect these image-role constructs, may enhance the leader’s positive image and, as a result, the level of his support in society.
Tax Revenues in a Pandemic: Decline or Growth in the Future?
Authors: Mazur L. V. , Monashova A. E.
Published: October 2021

It is obvious that today the global factor determining the recessionary scenario for the development of the world economy is the coronavirus pandemic and quarantine measures to prevent its spread. The need to increase spending on the social sphere and medicine, business support and a reduction in revenue sources in the context of a business lockdown are becoming a serious test for the budget system. The article examines the dynamics of tax revenues in 2016–2020. An idea was formed about future tax revenues in the Russian Federation in the context of the economic crisis associated with the coronavirus pandemic.
Dialectic of Honor and Reputation. On Limits of Reputation Management Efficiency
Authors: Aleksandrov V. B.
Published: October 2021

The article justifies the provision that reputational management passes by problems related to the personal meanings of a subject conducting a specific professional activity. It is shown that the category of honor is of particular importance for the expression of this issue. Professional honor in decision-making involves bringing to the fore not the desire to preserve a reputation, but the attitude to preserve personal dignity, accompanied by the willingness to take responsibility for decisions made in critical situations. This willingness is rooted in the fundamental worldviews of the personality that shape its orientation. It is noted that professional honor is a much stronger motivating factor than the desire to maintain a reputation, it determines the attitude to the profession, the desire and willingness to improve in it.
Model of Social Influence in Analysis of Socio-engineering Attacks
Authors: Tulupieva T. V. , Abramov M. V. , Tulupiev A. L.
Published: October 2021

The purposeof this study is to study the modernization of the model of an attacker’s social engineering attack on a user, taking into account a wider range of factors influencing the success of a social engineering attack associated with the principles of social influence.Methods. To achieve this goal, the approaches to social influence and the components of social influence were analyzed. An integrated circuit of social influence is built, grounding in the context of socio-engineering attacks.Results. A model of social influence is proposed, built in the context of an attacker’s social engineering attack on a user. A new interpretation of the term user vulnerability in the context of information security has been proposed.Conclusion. The result obtained forms the potential of filling the user and attacker models with specific vulnerabilities and competencies, which will lead to a more accurate assessment of the success of the attacker’s social engineering attack on the user, due to the aggregation of information from incidents that have occurred.
Association between Reduced estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Cardiac Structure and Function in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Mu Liying , Chen Lu , du juan , Jiang Hua , Guo Caixia , Jin Zening , Wu Yu
Published: October 2021

Objectives To investigate the relationship between small reductions in
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cardiac structure and
function in patients with essential hypertension. Methods The study
group included 565 patients with essential hypertensive. eGFR was
calculated by EPI equation and cardiac structure and function were
assessed using echocardiography. The participants were divided into
three groups: eGFR ≥90 mL/min /1.73 m2, 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 30-59
mL/min /1.73 m2. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise
linear regression analysis were performed to evaluate associations
between eGFR and echocardiogram parameters. Results Compared with
patients with eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/ 1.73 m2, those with eGFR 60-89 mL/min/
1.73 m2 and 30-59 mL/min/ 1.73 m2 had higher left ventricular
end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (p=0.019), mitral valve E wave (p=0.004),
left atrial diameter (LAD) (p=0.001), right atrial diameter (RAD)
(p=0.001), right ventricular diameter (RVD) (p=0.001) and lower left
ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p=0.01). After further adjustment
for traditional cardiovascular risk factors including systolic and
diastolic blood pressure, BMI, diabetes, dyslipidemia and smoking, eGFR
was still associated with LVEF (p＜0.001), LAD (p＜0.001) and RAD
(p=0.003). Conclusion Among patients with essential hypertension, even
mildly reduced renal function is independently associated with greater
cardiac remodeling, indicated by left atrial and right atrial
enlargement, and worse left ventricular systolic function.
Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity
Authors: Bergholz Kolja , Sittel Lara-Pauline , Ristow Michael , Jeltsch Florian , Weiss Lina
Published: October 2021

Land-use intensification is the main factor for the catastrophic decline
of insect pollinators. However, land-use intensification includes
multiple processes that act across various scales and should affect
pollinator guilds differently depending on their ecology. We aimed to
reveal how two main pollinator guilds, wild bees (specialists) and
hoverflies (generalists), respond to different land-use intensification
measures, i.e. arable field cover (AFC), landscape heterogeneity (LH)
and functional flower composition of local plant communities as a
measure of habitat quality. We sampled wild bees and hoverflies on 22
dry grassland sites within a highly intensified landscape (NE Germany)
within three campaigns using pan traps. We estimated AFC and LH on
consecutive radii (60-3000m) around the dry grassland sites and
estimated the local functional flower composition. Wild bee species
richness and abundance was positively affected by LH and negatively by
AFC at small scales (140-400m). In contrast, hoverflies were positively
affected by AFC and negatively by LH at larger scales (500-3000m), where
both landscape parameters were negatively correlated to each other. At
small spatial scales, though, LH had a positive effect on hoverflies
abundance. Functional flower diversity had no positive effect on
pollinators, but conspicuous flowers seem to attract abundance of both
guilds. In conclusion, landscape parameters contrarily affect two
pollinator guilds at different scales. The correlation of landscape
parameters may influence the observed relationships between landscape
parameters and pollinators. Hence, effects of land-use intensification
seems to be highly landscape-specific.
Best practices in metabarcoding of fungi: from experimental design to results
Authors: Tedersoo Leho , Bahram Mohammad , Zinger Lucie , Nilsson Henrik , Kennedy Peter , Yang Teng , Anslan Sten , Mikryukov Vladimir
Published: October 2021

The development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies has
greatly improved our capacity to identify fungi and unveil their
ecological roles across a variety of ecosystems. Here we provide an
overview about current best practices in metabarcoding analysis of
fungal communities, from experimental design through molecular and
computational analyses. By re-analysing published datasets, we find that
operational taxonomic units (OTUs) outperform amplified sequence
variants (ASVs) in recovering fungal diversity, which is particularly
evident for long markers. Additionally, analysis of the full-length ITS
region allows more accurate taxonomic placement of fungi and other
eukaryotes compared with the ITS2 subregion. We conclude that
metabarcoding analyses of fungi are especially promising for co-analyses
with the functional metagenomic or transcriptomic data, integrating
fungi in the entire microbiome, recovery of novel fungal lineages and
ancient organisms as well as barcoding of old specimens including type
material.
Organizational support for training of Russian Sign Language translators in educational institutions
Authors: Afanasyeva Olga O. , Karpunina Anastasia V. , Kvitkovskaya Angelina A. , Anikeeva Olga A. , Sizikova Valeriya V.
Published: October 2021

Sign languages are a consequence of the development of modern society, confirmation of its inclusiveness, social orientation, attention to each member of society, regardless of his possibilities. The needs of society for knowledge of sign language are great, and not only because part of it cannot communicate in another way. But because such a knowledge of sign language is designed to eliminate and compensate for numerous barriers of interaction. The article contains materials for analysis of general principles of organizing training, legislatively enshrined conditions for organizing the process of training Russian sign language translators (RSL) based on secondary vocational or higher education institutions, as well as the experience of implementing such programs in various educational organizations. Induction, deduction, literature analysis, comparative analysis, unstructured observation is used as research methods. The result of the research will be a number of proposals based on teaching experience and regulatory documents that are recommended for use in the educational process. The authors offer their own vision of the organizational aspects, the provisions of which are advisable to use in organizing training for RSL translators.
Prospects for the application of active learning methods in modern education
Authors: Verdiyeva Tunzala
Published: October 2021

The article examines the prospects for the application of active learning methods in modern education. The survey shows that the prospects for the application of active learning methods in modern education are conditioned by the influence of different factors. These factors can be divided into several groups: comprehensive organization of teaching, building adequate communication, the use of new learning technologies, organization of personality-oriented education and teamwork. The survey showed that there are real and potential barriers for teachers to use innovative teaching methods, but there is no serious paradox. There is no doubt that there is an intensive interest in the prospects and future of the application of active learning methods in modern education and their application in education. When choosing a teaching method, teachers' ability to use this method and local conditions should be considered.