bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Patching Method on the Repair of Partially Decayed Teak (Tectona grandis) Wood Beams
Authors: Shulhan M A , Yasin I , Chan E , Salim A , Prasetya T
Published: November 2019

The main idea of this research is to investigate the bending strength improvement of patching repair method on partially decayed wood beam. The patching method was carried out by removing the decayed part of the beam and covering the void left by a small piece of identical wood. Epoxy resin with 30 MDGL glue spread and 1 MPa cold pressing was used to stick the small piece of identical wood into the void. Four-point loading method then applied on Jati (Tectona grandis) wood beam specimens that have cross sectional dimension of 60 mm by 80 mm and 1200 mm length. Patching method were applied on two types of beams; the tension and compression side repair of the beam. The experimental result showed that both types of the repair could improve the bending strength of the partially decayed beam. However, the tension side repair was not able to restore the bending strength as the compression side repair beam specimen.
The Settlement Ratio Prediction of Compressible Soil In Area Under Embankment
Authors: Sari P T K , Lastiasih Y
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to predicting the ratio of settlement under the toe embankment, outer side of embankment and the centre of embankment. The methods used in this study are the empirical approach to estimate the index compression value (Cc) for compressible clay soil. The magnitude of soil subgrade settlement is carried out using a 1-dimensional compression formula developed by Terzaghi and considers the soil subgrade is an over consolidated clay. This study uses several variables such as the embankment dimension by considering the height and width of embankment and the depth of compressible layer of soil subgrade. Those variable uses to compare the ratio of settlement depend on those variables. The results obtained from this study are the settlement ratio of toe/centre is around 0.23 and the settlement ratio of outside/centre is around 0.84. The empirical formulation of settlement ratio for various condition are described in this study.
A Comparison Method for Calculating Ground Shaking - Case Study: Yogyakarta Earthquake 2006
Authors: Bawono A S , Ali M I , Ma’arif F
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a comparison method for calculating ground shaking in Yogyakarta, especially in Sedayu Permai Housing, Bantul District. The study was based on Hazard US (HAZUS) with Ground Motion Prediction Equations. The suitable using the latest attenuation equation from [1] for the BC class site rock and global source subduction use. Therefore, is needed necessary from an experts’ judgment to evaluate because different mechanism of earthquake for Indonesian seismic hazard.
Laboratory Experiment: Pervious Concrete for Permeable Pavement, Focus in Compressive Strength and Permeability
Authors: Mulyono T , Anisah
Published: November 2019

The aim of this research was to determine the compressive strength of pervious concrete and permeability based on trials in the laboratory. The method accomplish is an experiment in the laboratory in accordance with appropriate standards and concerned to research. Local material was used in mixtures. Portland Cement Composite with water-cement (W/C) ratio 0.27 to 0.34, aggregates with variations in types and sizes and using ingredients added to fly ash and superplasticizer. Mixture of trial using 4.25 for aggregate-cement ratios (A/C) with proportion of 6% fine aggregate (sand), 15% flay-ash and superplasticizer with low dosages. The test results show a slight difference in compressive strength with variations in W/C including the use of aggregate types. The permeability using of natural aggregate is more porous compared to crushed stone. The effect of aggregate size from small-to-large will result in decreased density (unit weight) and increased void in the mixture. A good agreement was reached in the case of mixtures with 0.30 wcr and aggregate size that passed 12.5 mm sieve and retaining at 9.5 mm to provided compressive strength.
The Study of Concrete Durability with PPC Premium and PPC Non Premium Cement
Authors: Pramudiyanto  , Prapto P , Manap A
Published: November 2019

Concrete structures reinforced with steel formed an important part of recent infrastructures. Today, the rate of use of cement is higher than 40 years ago. An approximation amount of 11 billion metric ton of cement per year has been consumed in the whole world. The aims of this research are: (1) to obtain the durability value of concrete with PPC Premium Cement and PPC Non-Premium Cement, (2) to obtain the degree of comparison of concrete durability, (3) to obtain the durability parameters. This research based on ASTM International standards, conducts in 224 days non-stop, to obtain following data: (1) compressive strength, (2) rebound number, (3) pulse velocity number, (4) modulus of rupture, and (5) corrosion rate. The test result: (1) PPC Premium cement give a relatively good performance rather than PPC Non-Premium cement. This is based on both destructive and non-destructive test, (2) the modulus of rupture’s value also giving the PPC Premium cement act relatively good than PPC Non-Premium cement, (3) test on severe environment, concrete treatment by mean of waterproofing proved to be effective to reduce the rate of steel destruction., (4) on a practical use, cement with high fineness modulus can give a better performance.
Affordable Metal Oxide Gas Sensor as Environmental Friendly Method for Ammonia Gas Measurement
Authors: Fatkhurrahman J A , Sari I R J
Published: November 2019

This research report new method for ammonia gas concentration measurement using metal oxide sensor-based instrument. Ammonia gas prepared by diluting concentrated liquid ammonia in water collected in container. Ammonia gas then streamed into monitoring path made by acrylic cube. Ammonia gas concentration measured as voltage from MEMS MICS 5524 sensor, then with ESP 8266 based iOT module logged into google sheet. Correlation between voltage and ammonia gas concentration evaluated by linearity test, compare with SNI 19-7117.6-2005 standard method and resulted more than 0,9 liniearity. This measurement totally nondestructive test, it carries no chemical agent could damage environment.
Preliminary Analysis of Blackwater and Greywater Characteristics in the Jakarta Greater Region Area
Authors: Hafiza N , Abdillah A , Islami B B , Priadi C R
Published: November 2019

Domestic wastewater contributes about 40% as the source of water bodies pollutants in Indonesia, causing the spread of pathogens and bioaccumulation effects on the environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of household wastewater in Jakarta and Depok in terms of quantity and quality. The average wastewater quantity estimation results from laundry, bathroom, kitchen, and closet were 49 ± 18, 79.1 ± 5, 24.5 ± 12, and 29.9 ± 3 liters/person/day. The qualitative analysis results stated that blackwater tends to have higher concentration on conductivity 1606-2046 μs/cm, TDS 709-1007 mg/L, ammonia 78-167 mg/L, total nitrogen 511-836 mg/L, total phosphorus 16.6-21.3 mg/L, phosphate 33-46.8 mg/L, potassium 32.5-47.9 mg/L, and fecal coliform 430,000-1.600,000 MPN/100 mL compared to other sources. Meanwhile, laundry greywater tends to have higher concentration on COD 559-1991.6 mg/L, MBAS 0.3-0.31 mg/L, aluminum 1.65-5.09 mg/L, sodium 7.5-61.4 mg/L, and silica 17.7-23.2 mg/L compared to other sources. Statistical results show that some parameters have significant difference in average concentration between each source so that these parameters can be considered as source tracer. The high pollutant concentration and quantity leads to high estimation of pollutant load on the river, as water bodies receiver, in Jakarta and Depok, especially on organic and nutrient load.
Drainage System Evaluation as An Effort to Reduce Flood Inundation in Gedebage Area, Bandung - West Java
Authors: Sarminingsih A
Published: November 2019

Flooding in Gedebage area of Bandung is a recurring chronic problem. Various factors are alleged to be the cause of floods other than natural factors, such as several river courses across the region, and topography. The increase of runoff due to rainfall is not proportional to the drainage capacity. There are only two outlets which are Cinambo outlet and Cisalatri outlet. Various efforts have been made, such as dredging channels, rivers and elevating roads. However, those efforts have not solved the problem yet. Integrated efforts from upstream to downstream to address flooding in this region are needed. This study presents the results of an alternative evaluation of flood mitigation with several scenarios such as improving drainage channel capacity, channel addition, and combination of improving flow capacity and retention basins. The hydraulic analysis was performed using EPA-SWMM model. The analysis result shows almost some segments are overtopping. Increasing carrying capacity only reduces a few segments from overtopping. It needs a combination of increased channel capacity by widening and deepening, adding channels, creating a retention basin to overcome Gedebage flooding problems.
Biochemical and histological evaluation of the characteristics of potential environmental sustainability of hardwood microclones (poplar, birch) grown in experimental nutrient media
Authors: Tsukanova E , Matveev S , Morkovina S , Tkachev E
Published: November 2019

Histological characteristics of lamina tissues (numerical values, area of stomata and width of stomatal pore), indicators of photosynthetic and enzymatic activity of the leaves of poplar (Populus alba L. × Populus tremula L.) and birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) microclones have been studied as criteria levels of stability degrees of plant tissue resistance to drought and fungal diseases. The stimulation of microclone potential resistance to the effects of various stressors has been revealed when adding a solution of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles into a cultivation substrate.
Creating an ecological trail as a means of formation an culture of the population and preserving rare, protected species of flora
Authors: Popova E
Published: November 2019

The paper presents an ecological trail created in the area affected by enterprises of the Tobolsk Industrial Site (Tyumen region, Russia). This ecological trail is aimed at preserving old-growth forest areas, creating a vision of harmonious coexistence between a large petrochemical facility and the surrounding natural environment and, therefore, helping to preserve rare, protected and indicator species of the biota identified near the Tobolsk Industrial Site. As a result of the research conducted on the ecological trail, thirteen rare and protected species of flora were identified and preserved. These are: Lobaria pulmonaria L. Hoffm., Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt., Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott., Tilia cordata Mill., Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull., Allium microdictyon Prokh., Neottianthe cucullata L. Schlechter., Malaxis monophyllos L., Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soo, Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Cypripedium guttatum Sw., Listera ovata (L.) R. Br. The area reserved for the ecological trail will be protected from deforestation and construction.
Size-dependent biological effects of copper nanopowders on mustard seedlings
Authors: Churilov D , Churilova V , Stepanova I , Polischuk S , Gusev A , Zakharova O , Arapov I , Churilov G
Published: November 2019

Correlation between the size of copper nanoparticles and effects they produce on white mustard seedlings were studied in the paper. Copper nanopowders with average particle sizes of 45 and 200 nm with concentrations of 0.01–1000 wt ppm of seeds were used to treat white mustard seeds. Nonlinear dose effects were displayed by copper nanopowders obtained by chemical synthesis with the particle size of 35-60 nm. For 45 nm nanoparticles the highest biological activity with regard to germinating energy, 3-day stem and root weight was registered at 5.0 wt ppm concentration, while for root length and weight of the 7-day stems the 1.0 wt ppm concentration had the most pronounced effect. Copper submicron powder with average particle size of 200 nm displayed some effect only after 7th day of the experiment at high concentrations (from 100 to 1000 wt ppm) according to the measurements of length and weight of the seedlings. The obtained results can be used in the development of copper nanoparticles-based preparations for pre-sowing treatment of seeds.
Forest plantations of the foothills of the North Caucasus and their environmental and economic assessment
Authors: Kulakova E
Published: November 2019

Foothill forest plantations of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic are considered in this paper. The plantations are created by sowing and planting, strip or group tree espacement, both clear and mixed in composition. Thirteen permanent test plots with a total area of 4 hectares were laid. Six of them were laid in the Cherkessk-Elista-Volgograd State Forest Protection Zone (the Stalin’s Nature Transformation Plan of 1948). Complete enumeration of trees was carried out on each trial plot, defining their preservation, condition and quality. Models (from the trees of medium diameter and height) were selected. The graphs of growth progress in height and diameter were constructed. The calculation of barrel and stock volume was based on special tables. Environmental and economic assessment of the plantations (Kuban forestry, the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic) was carried out. The assessment was based on the methodology by V Tarankov. The calculation of carbon reserves was carried out by the calculation and measurement method using special tables. The current growth of plant phytomass was calculated through the intensity of carbon sequestration. Assessment of carbon dioxide absorption and oxygen evolution was carried out by the calculation method. The research is based on the method of comparison and analysis using variation statistics, which significantly improved the reliability of the data. For the first time, the experience of creating forest plantations in the foothills of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic is summarized. The research makes a basis for planning and reconstruction of artificial stands in the foothills of the North Caucasus (eastern part).
Practices of forest exploitation in priority investment projects: benefits and implications
Authors: Zinovyeva I , Pryadilina N , Semin A , Skvortsov E
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses the topical issues of investment activities enhancement in the forest sector of the Russian economy by implementing the mechanism of priority investment projects in the field of forest exploitation – economic model of public-private partnership proposed by the forest owner (the State) for the private sector. The aim of the considered investment projects is the development of a timber-processing infrastructure, which is reliably provided with wood raw materials. It becomes possible to ensure certain preferences for businessmen that encourage them to invest money into the forest sector. Thus, the other objective is to develop recommendations for attracting investments into the forest sector of the Russian economy in the framework of priority investment projects. The paper analyzes a ten-year experience in the practice of applying priority investment projects in forest exploitation using an integrated approach to studying project management issues and method of comparison. The research identifies positive moments and a number of organizational and methodological shortcomings related to the development and implementation of investment projects in the forest sector of the Russian Federation. A number of areas contributing to the development of investment activities in forest exploitation is proposed.
Betula pendula Roth. survival and growth on mine sites of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly
Authors: Treschevskaya E , Golyadkina I , Treschevskaya S
Published: November 2019

The study sites is located in an iron-mining district of European part of Russia, called The Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. Birch tree (Betula pendula Roth) plantation was created in 1972 in two different types of heap dumps (hydraulic-mine dumps and mining dumps). Afforested dumps are mainly consisted of cenomanian and aptian sands with the admixture of mesozoic carbonate rocks. In particular hydraulic-mine dumps are formed with sand material and mining dumps are formed with sandy-lime material. For improving poor properties of sand substrate before the planting birch trees on hydraulic-mine dumps were used the technique of soil transfer. The re-spreading fertile layer of soil varies from 30 to 80 cm. Substrate quality varied considerably. Long-term growth and survival of birch tree were analyzed and volume per ha were calculated in different slope parts. Study results show that double-layer substrate with fertile layer (30-40 cm) on the top would not appear to be the best way to rehabilitate mine ecosystems and it has significant disadvantages. At the age of 38 years, common birch is characterized by sufficiently high growth parameters, but low survival.
Assessment of the impact of the forest industry on the sustainable development of the region
Authors: Boev V , Konovalenkov S , Lavlinsky V
Published: November 2019

Effective interaction of society, government and business in a market economy is one of the main factors affecting the sustainable development of all sectors of the economy, including the forest industry. The aim of this work is to develop a concept and tools for assessing the impact of management decisions of individual economic entities of the forest industry on the sustainable development of the region as a whole. All economic management decisions are essentially divided into three groups: operational and production decisions, decisions on wages and decisions on profit distribution. The authors propose a tool to assess the impact of management decisions of forest industry enterprises on the sustainable development of the region using an integral indicator calculated as a result of summation of indicators characterizing the impact of management decisions of enterprises operating in the municipalities of the region.
Main problems of innovative development of the forestry sector of the economy and possible solutions
Authors: Koroleva T , Yakusheva T
Published: November 2019

The ways of innovations in the forestry sector and the main problems arising in this regard are discussed in the present paper. The following reasons restraining innovative activities in forestry may take place, among the others, were pointed out: 1) inadequacy of the legal framework, together with forms, content and procedure, for submitting reports on the implementation of delegated authorities; 2) insufficient interest of the federal and regional governments in the Russian Federation in the field of forestry relations regarding innovations; 3) imperfection of the algorithm for the integration of research and advanced development results into the forestry practice; and 4) weak intersectoral management on providing coordination over activities to find an integrated solution to the problem of increasing the economic efficiency of the forest industry. Furthermore, mechanisms ensuring the formation and implementation of innovation policy in forestry were considered. It was noted that there is an urgent need for developing ways to broadly implement research and development results in leased forest areas provided for all types of using, for instant, cultivation of planting material, hunting, recreational activities, etc. Possible directions in the implementation of these mechanisms were proposed taking into account the successful experience of the Federal Forestry Agency and its subordinate organizations.
Salt stress effect on morphometrical and anatomical leaf traits of promising poplar biotypes
Authors: Evlakov P M , Zapletin V Yu , Rzhevsky S G
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of short-term salt stress on the morphometric, anatomical and biochemical traits of fast-growing woody plants and to evaluate the promising poplar genotypes according to their degree of resistance. The experiments were conducted on five annual varieties in containers. The fourth leaf from the top of apical shoot, 80% of which corresponds to a maximum leaf area and high photosynthetic activity, was used in the experiment. The studies showed the nature of changes in the specific surface density and water content of the leaf of annual shoots. A short-term salt stress causes changes in leaf anatomy. Thus, the less stable genotype of poplar ‘Kitayskiy’ responds by the reduction of the leaf thickness. The changes in leaf anatomy of the experimental plants also include a decrease in height of the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, which leads to the reduction of assimilation surface area and unproductive water loss. The study included analysis of changes in the proline concentration as a result of short-term salinization of the experimental plants. All samples showed a change in proline levels in response to stress, but most intense reaction was shown by genotypes ‘Veduga’ and ‘Hybrid e.s.-38’. In general, greater stability and plasticity at the initial stage of salinization is characteristic of poplars ‘Volosistoplodny’, ‘Sacrau-59’, ‘Hybrid e.s.-38’ and ‘Veduga’, which allows us to recommend them for reforestation and afforestation on irrigated soils.
Innovative aspects of cultivation of large spruce seedlings for reforestation
Authors: Kazakov I V , Prokazin N E , Kazakov V I , Martynyuk A A
Published: November 2019

Studies conducted in a forest nursery (Moscow region, Russia) have established the following. Seeds, additionally sorted by size and weight, should be used for the cultivation of large spruce seedlings (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Lightweight seeds must be removed. Only heavy and medium weight seeds should be used for sowing. When sowing, the seeds must be distributed uniformly in the sowing line with the same distance between them. The rate of sowing of spruce seeds should ensure the optimal plant density in the sowing line in the amount of 20-30 pieces per meter. Horizontal pruning of spruce seedling roots must be carried out at a depth of 12-15 cm at the age of three in the second half of July. This enables to form a fibrous root system and developed crown of plants. Innovative technology of cultivation of large spruce seedlings in the sowing section of the nursery enables to get planting material which is similar to transplants.
Changes in land use cover and its effects on hydrometeorological risk in Tuxtla Gutiérrez (Mexico)
Authors: Silva M , García A , Hernando A , Manzanera A , Aguilar M , Guichard D
Published: November 2019

To better understand the space-time dynamics and the effect of urban growth on the transformation of territory, this article presents the results of Iber 2D simulation tests to analyze flood events in the lower Sabinal river basin, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. First, Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite images from 1986 and 2014 years were processed to generate classified images of the land cover of the study area. From the identified coverages, the soil roughness values were defined, as well as the infiltration parameter of water in the soil. Both values were used as input data in an Iber 2D simulation model to analyze and compare the maximum flood level with different precipitation values in the two reference years. Between 1986 and 2014, the coverage of urbanizations increased considerably, while the coverage of trees, pastures and agriculture decreased. Due to this change in coverages, in 2014 rainfall caused higher values of direct runoff, increasing water heights levels and therefore the risk of overflowing the Sabinal River. With the model shown here, it is possible to calculate the depth and water heights reached and identify the points and moments of overflow of the river. This model can be used to provide feedback to flood risk warning systems and to analyze basins that lack monitoring infrastructure.
Irrigation systems of urban landscapes of the south of the European part of Russia: problems and perspective
Authors: Gorbov S N , Bezuglova O S , Romanuta E V , Tischenko S A
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses the necessity to apply the innovative irrigation technology when creating artificial landscapes in the South of the European part of Russia. The artificial green areas of the Rostov agglomeration significantly differ from the traditional steppe plant associations. They are presented, as a rule, by tree plantings or grassy introduced species which are used to create the city microclimate and also for protection from the eastern winds. Unfortunately climatic conditions and increasing anthropogenic load don‘t provide the stable rooting and development of plants without additional moistening, despite the Chernozem high agronomic value. The process of the soil cover replanting of its central part and the phenologically old trees replacing is actively under way. This process should be accompanied by compliance with the requirements for enhanced, both in frequency and volume, irrigation of young trees. But the use of automatic and semi-automatic irrigation systems is associated with the absence of a regulatory framework for the design, installation, and further operation of irrigation systems under the conditions of the Russian Federation. This issue requires the solving with the direct participation of specialists from various fields, both theorists and construction practitioners, land reclamation specialists, soil scientists, landscape designers.
Sustainable extended reproduction of chernozem forest
Authors: Chernyshov M
Published: November 2019

The problem of sustainable forest reproduction, belonging to the sparsely forested regions, is becoming more acute and urgent every year due to progressive aging and degradation of existing forests. The forest legislation in the Russian Federation is imperfect. Most legal acts do not have clear standards for assessing forest quality at different stages of their cultivation, necessary to control the reproduction of highly productive and sustainable stands of the main forest-forming tree species that successfully perform various useful functions. Accounting and measuring work was performed to assess the current state and trends of forest reproduction of the Chernozem region. The following has been found. Natural oak regeneration under the forest canopy is completely absent in mature and over-mature stands. Only two ways of oak forest reproduction are possible: either natural revegetation by preliminary acorning 1-2 years before the mother plantation cutting, or by artificial reforestation, which requires large financial and labor costs. Regeneration cutting should be restarted in mature and over-mature oak stands. The main reason for poor quality and unsatisfactory condition of closing and closed pine and oak forest stands under the age of 10-20 years is the lack of timely silviculture, leading to their inhibition by deciduous species. Therefore, artificial reforestation should include all types of thinning.
Three-dimensional virtual dynamometer to measure the process of overcoming obstacles by disc cultivator
Authors: Lysych M N
Published: November 2019

The process of interaction between elastically fastened tillage tools and obstacles is investigated by means of computer applications that simulate the dynamics of the movement of 3d-models (MDB) created in the CAD. Design of the virtual stand and dynamometer block, implemented in the SolidWorks CAD system and the application for modeling the movement dynamics of SolidWorks Motion are described. The virtual stand enables to simultaneously capture all the components of traction resistance vector (RX, RY, RZ). Measured volumetric power characteristics of the process of stump overcoming by a section of a modular disk cultivator and the forces arising on the spring of a safety mechanism are given as an example of the virtual stand use. The discrepancy between experimental data and modeling data at the entrance to the stump is 8 … 10%. In the future, virtual test data can be used to optimize the structures of tillage tools and safety mechanisms, as well as to reliably simulate disturbances in modeling the working process of the machine-tractor unit as a whole.
Saving hydraulic drive of the grapple slewing gear in timber transport machines and improvement of its work processes
Authors: Chetverikova I , Popikov P
Published: November 2019

The research analysis of dynamics of technological machine work processes has been carried out. The aim of the work is improvement of work processes of the grapple slewing gear in forest transport machines by justification of energy saving hydraulic drive parameters. It enables to reduce dynamic loading and power consumption of the carried-out technological process. The computer program including the design data of new power-saving hydraulic drive of the grapple slewing gear affecting the efficiency of working processes is developed on the basis of a mathematical model of work process. As a result of computer experiments it is established that the energy-saving hydraulic drive with optimum parameters reduces the maximum pressure of actuating fluid during column braking. The pressure becomes equal to 3MPa. Recovery energy when turning the column is 25% of the spent energy. Amplitude of load swinging with a frequency of 0.8–1.5 Hz with the sharp change of the column movement mode decreases in 2–3 times.
Tendencies of the development of forest management in modern Russia
Authors: Kolesnichenko E , Morkovina S , Sirotkina N , Shevyakov A
Published: November 2019

Entrepreneurial activity in the sphere of forest management is characterized by a system of extensive relations and entrepreneurs seek to gain maximum profit from the use of economic, social and natural resources. In the article, the authors focus on the theoretical aspects of the study of forest management in modern Russia and analyze the key legal provisions regulating the activities of businessmen involved in the sphere of forest management. Based on the use of statistical analysis methods, the authors assess the state of forestry and reforestation process in Russia. According to the calculations, the authors conclude that the increase in forest cutting brings about a decrease in forest restoration (including artificial reforestation). Thus, entrepreneurs face certain problems related to the forest resources valuation. The authors conclude that an overestimation of the value of forest resources (rental rates) leads to a decrease in the entrepreneurial activity in the sphere of forest management. On the other hand, low cost of forest resources attracts unreliable investors, which has a negative effect. The researchers suggest that a concession is an effective mechanism for interaction between the authorities and business structures in forest management. They argue that this will make the use of forest resources more effective thanks to the process of reforestation.
Research units of flexible working body motion, cutting branches
Authors: Bukhtoyarov L D , Maksimenkov A I , Abramov V V , Lysych M N
Published: November 2019

There are significant tilts of the working body, clamping, hitting an insurmountable obstacle when the machine is working in the forest, due to the unevenness of the soil, stumps, and fallen trees. Therefore, circular saws and cutters often fail. Flexible working body is able to deviate from insurmountable obstacles, which increases the reliability of the machine. Since each link of the flexible working body can move relative to the other, the use of analytical methods for describing kinematics is possible only for the cases with a large number of known input parameters, which we have shown in the mathematical model of the rotor. A virtual prototype of a rotor with a flexible working body has been created to describe the movement of a flexible working body with a minimum number of input parameters. 3d contact between the links, their geometrical parameters, initial position, weight, gravity, torque applied to the shaft are given in the simulation model of the rotor. Thus, (having only geometric and mass characteristics of the links of a flexible working body at the input based on a simulation experiment) dependencies have been obtained to determine the kinematics of the links of a flexible working body, taking into account its bending in the vertical and horizontal plane.
Risk analysis in the management of forest fire in Russia
Authors: Ostapenko A , Morkovin V , Manmareva V , Manmarev D
Published: November 2019

In the Russians forests, from 10 to 15 thousand forest fires are annually registered, and according to forecasts, the tendency of increasing damage from fires in the country’s forests will grow. The final annual damage from forest fires in 2010 amounted to 550.4 thousand hectares of forest covered by fire. The article discusses the risks of forest fires determined by a combination of natural, economic and social factors. Based on an expert survey, an assessment was made of the probability of occurrence of risk events taking into account the categories of forests in Russia. The expert assessment used two criteria - the probability of a forest fire and the extent of expected losses from the occurrence of risk. It is shown that the most vulnerable to forest fires are forests located near homes, social and industrial facilities, as well as recreational forests. Three categories of forests have been proposed for the purpose of continuous monitoring of fire danger, firstly, forests located near dwellings, social and industrial facilities, secondly, forests with a developed network of roads and having a high level of timber value.
Directions of innovative development of the forest complex
Authors: Serebryakova N A , Dorokhova N V , Avdeev I V
Published: November 2019

The article considers the most promising directions of innovative development of the forest complex, the most suitable conditions for the digitalization of the economy. The study was conducted using a complex of General scientific and private methods: dialectical, historical, abstract-logical, as well as systemic, situational and scenario approaches, comparative analysis, empirical generalization. As a result, the efficiency and prospects of using a wide range of digital technologies for the development of the forest complex are proved. It is proposed to create and use a digital platform of the forest complex, aimed at the concentration of resources necessary for the digitalization of the forest complex, as well as the systematization and harmonization of the activities of stakeholders in this direction. The main goal of creating a digital platform of the forest complex is a significant increase in production efficiency due to the large-scale introduction of digital technologies. The goal is concretized by a number of tasks related to theoretical and methodological justification of expediency and efficiency of digital technologies in the forest complex. The implementation of this project will significantly improve the efficiency of economic activity in the forest complex of the country.
Assessment of the economic activity greening level and the green economy development directions
Authors: Vertakova Y V , Plotnikov V A
Published: November 2019

Sustainable development is a priority in a modern world. The essence of sustainable development is to ensure such economic growth that allows to preserve the natural environment for present and future generations. One of the effective tools for this is the development of green economy. The authors consider the problems of sustainable development and a green economy on the example of Russia. The purpose of the study: (1) to develop a method for assessing the development of a green economy based on a comparison of environmental and economic indicators; (2) to test this method on the materials of the Russian regions, to assess their economic activity greening level; (3) to offer recommendations for improving policies and regulation in the development of the green economy. In this study, in order to assess the level of ecologization of the regional economy, a method of assessing ecological and economic territorial development is used, based on the calculation of the integral index. This technique allows for a comparative analysis of Russian regions in terms of environmental and economic development. The authors give a comparative quantitative assessment of the level of greening of the Russian regions. On this basis, the priorities and directions of development of the green economy are proposed. It is recommended to use these proposals in the regulation of regional development in order to achieve the main goal – sustainable development. These recommendations do not reflect only the specifics of the Russian Federation, and therefore may also be applicable in the international practice.
Numerical Research of Bending Flexible Plates
Authors: Gabbasov Radek , Filatov Vladimir , Dao Ngoc Khoa
Published: November 2019

The problem considered in the article belongs to the class of geometrically nonlinear problems. A numerical method basing on the use of difference equations of successive approximation method (MSA) is proposed to solve the problem. The results obtaining from example of this article are compared with the results received by A.S. Volmir for confirmation of efficiency of methodology.
Results of Studying the Yield Strength of the Spatial Structure Joint Using CAE Systems
Authors: Alpatov Vadim
Published: November 2019

Numerical experiments of a of the spatial structure joint are presented. Studied the spatial structure joint created by the authors. The joint of spatial structure is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation. The studies were performed in four software systems: Lira (DNDIASB, Kiev), SCAD (SCAD Group, Kiev), CosmosWorks (Structural Research & Analysis Corp., Los Angeles), ANSYS Design Space (ANSYS, USA). Calculations purpose – evaluate the performance of each settlement complex. The evaluation of each computational complex was carried out according to the model creation time, computation time, FE mesh quality and ease of use of the program complex. The results of the evaluation of the accuracy and time of creation of the FE mesh, the accuracy and time of solving the problem were obtained.
Calculation of Equal Strength Thick-Walled Concrete Cylinder with Free Ends
Authors: Andreev Vladimir , Potekhin Ivan
Published: November 2019

The article discusses radially inhomogeneous thick-walled cylindrical shells in which inhomogeneity may be due to various reasons (structure, the effect of the temperature field, etc.).Thick-walled shells are called equal-stressed, if the principle stress σ1 in all points of the body is constant. In inhomogeneous body, in addition to the elastic modulus of a material, its strength can also variable. In accordance with the first theory of strength, if the stress σ1 is variable and at each point the strength of the material is equal, then the thick-walled shell is called equal-strength. The article discusses the modelling of equal strength concrete thick-walled shell with free ends.
Examples of Non-Associative Evolution Laws in Thermomechanical Framework for Elastoplastic Damaged Material
Authors: Kaminska Inez
Published: November 2019

The goal of the paper is to outline the major steps of thermomechanical constitutive modelling with emphasis on incorporation of non-associative evolution laws. A brief description of the main assumptions and general equations are given. Then two examples are presented, both resulting in Beltrami-Michell failure condition, but differing in dissipation potential. The first example couples effects of plasticity and damage, while the second separates the phenomena. Some comments are given on basic technicalities in modelling.
Determination of Steady-State Amplitudes in the Region of Dynamic Instability of a Viscoelastic Plate
Authors: Kosheleva Elena
Published: November 2019

The problem of determining the amplitude of oscillations in the region of dynamic instability of a rectangular plate, the material of which obeys the hereditary law of deformation, in a geometrically nonlinear formulation is considered. The differential equation of plate oscillations under the action of constant and variable loads in its plane was obtained. It has been found also the amplitude of steady-state oscillations and was drawn amplitude-frequency curve.
Discrete-Continual Finite Element Method for Semianalytical Analysis of Plates on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation. Part 1: Continual Formulations of the Problem and Approximations
Authors: Mozgaleva Marina , Aslami Mojtaba , Akimov Pavel
Published: November 2019

This paper is proposed discrete-continual finite element method (DCFEM) for semianalytical analysis of plates on two-parameter elastic foundation. First of all, the operational and discrete-continual formulations of the problem are described, then the approximation of unknown functions and its partial derivatives are obtained. Later the internal forces, local stiffness matrices and local load vectors are evaluated, then these local vectors and matrices are assembled to obtain resultant multipoint boundary problem and in the final step the problem is solved by the exact analytical method. This method allowed to obtain exact analytical solutions of boundary problems along the regular direction, and these solutions remain exact for arbitrary influences such as any force or moment, soil parameters, intermediate constraints and connections. Using this method, the problem remains continual in the one direction (basic), while the discrete (finite element) approximation is carried out with respect to the non-basis direction. The structural discontinuities in the analytical direction can be taken into account, by addition of new appropriate boundary conditions at the relevant section. The DCFEM increases the accuracy of the solution and significantly reduces the computational efforts, especially within analysis of extended plates such as strip foundations.
Investigation of the Degree of Vibrations’ Transmission Transferred Through the Subsoil to the Structure
Authors: Grosel Jacek , Golicki Przemyslaw
Published: November 2019

The work presents the course and results of tests to determine the coefficient of transmission of vibrations from a building sub-base to a building structure. Vibration of structure is caused by quasi-seismic excitation; in presented example it is vibrations caused by tram passage. The factor of transmission is relationship between vibrations recorded on the object and the level of vibrations on the ground without an existing object. The value of the transmission degree will enable better design of the building.
Estimation of Stress Distribution in Timber Beams under Steady Changes of Moisture Content
Authors: Lesko Arkadiusz
Published: November 2019

The paper relates to the effect of steady-state change of moisture content in timber elements. Several constitutive models of the material used in the literature have been presented. For the purpose of the simulation, a three-dimensional FEM model was prepared. Results were presented based on four models of moisture distribution and three sets of material parameters. Based on the literature and simulation results, the necessity of changing the practical design approach was discussed.
Mathematical Modelling of Vortex Dust Separator
Authors: Akhmetov Vadim , Akhmetova Valentina
Published: November 2019

The problem of the motion of a swirling flow in an axisymmetric channel is investigated numerically. The flow field calculation results have been obtained as the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. Various flow regimes with the formation of axial recirculation zones are presented. The convection-diffusion model is used for the determination of the flow particle concentration and the formation of typical sedimentation zones.
Laboratory Tests Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures Strengthened with CRFP
Authors: Rimshin Vladimir , Kuzina Ekaterina
Published: November 2019

Modern construction industry is constantly evolving and improving. Therefore, new opportunities are used to solve the constantly emerging new problems. One of the modern innovations in these areas is the use of carbon-fiber nonwoven fabric for strengthening structures and composite materials. Carbon fibers have several advantages in increasing the bearing capacity of the structure: high modulus of elasticity (240-640 GPa) and tensile strength (2500-4000 MPa), minimal coefficient of thermal expansion (approximately 50 times less than steel), high fatigue characteristics, excellent resistance to aggressive environments, withstands many cycles of «freeze-thaw». One of the promising areas for the development for strengthening concrete structures with carbon fiber materials is prestressed carbon fiber reinforced plastic system. This area has a great potential for use in reinforced concrete structures, most often in pavements: to reinforce overloaded elements, external reinforcement of structures with corroded pre-stressed reinforcement, repair of structural nodes. The article reviews and analyzes the laboratory tests result of reinforced concrete structures (slabs and beams), reinforced with prestressed carbon, as well as non-stressed laminates.
Automation and Processing Test Data with LabVIEW Software
Authors: Korgin Andrey , Ermakov Valentine , Kilani Laith Zeyd
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the usage of LabVIEW software for automation of data acquisition and data post processing during structure testing. Using Labview could accelerate preparation of testing reports especially during performing repeatedly (obtaining statistics). The paper shows automations made during tests of oil tank models and aluminium bridge.
Transformable Steel Dome
Authors: Ibrahimov Alexander , Gnedina Lubov , Popova Natalia , Dolgusheva Vera
Published: November 2019

The developed design of the lattice shell has the ability to fold by reducing its size in one direction and increasing it in another. The principal difference of this design lies in the feasibility of folding the dome as a wholly without the need for a complete disassembly of the shell into numerous elements. The positive side of this design is the possibility of factory production of elements, speeding up the installation process and increasing mobility – the dome can be easily folded and transported to a new place. The below step-by-step description of actions of the general method of constructing the surface of the shell allows you to simulate the frame of a folding reticulate dome. Recommendations for the construction calculation contain a description of the methods used for carrying out calculations manually, bringing the arguments in favor of a computer calculation, instructions on creating a model, setting rigidity and types of finite elements, as well as taking into account nonlinearity when designing the dome in the software package LIRA-CAD. The design of the calculation scheme and the calculation itself are carried out using the general theory of shells. The field of practical implementation of the folding net dome is quite wide – it is the construction industry, defense production, agricultural industry and industry as a whole.
Analytical and Experimental Investigations of Crack width for RC Beams in Bending
Authors: Wlodarczyk Maria , Lutomirska Marta , Duc Duyen Trinh
Published: November 2019

Although cracks do not considerably impair the resistance of reinforced concrete elements, they definitely affect the durability and appearance of structures. The control of crack width and spacing is a convenient approach in engineering practice. The width of a crack is characterized by high variability and the formulas suggested by design codes vary significantly. In the presented paper, the crack widths are derived using analytical methods recommended by several design codes and compared with the results of experimental investigations.