bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural-Phase State of UFG-Titanium Implanted with Aluminum Ions
Authors: Nikonenko Alisa V. , Popova Natalya A. , Nikonenko E.L. , Kalashnikov M.P. , Kurzina I.A.
Published: May 2020

Transmission electron microscopy investigations were carried out to study the structural-phase state of ultra-fine grain (UFG) titanium with the average grain size of ~0.2 μm, implanted with aluminum ions. Implantation was carried out on MEVVA-V.RU ion source at room temperature, exposure time of 5.25 h and ion implantation dosage of 1⋅1018 ion/cm2. UFG-titanium was obtained by a combined multiple uniaxial compaction with rolling in grooved rolls and further annealing at 573 К for 1h. The specimens were investigated before and after implantation at a distance of 70-100 nm from the specimen surface. Concentration profile of aluminum implanted with α-Ti was obtained. It was revealed that the thickness of implanted layer was 200 nm, while maximum aluminum concentration was 70 at.%. Implantation of aluminum into titanium has resulted in formation of the whole number of phases having various crystal lattices, like β-Ti, TiAl3, Ti3Al, TiC and TiO2. The areas of their localization, the sizes, distribution density and volume fractions were determined. Grain distribution functions by their sizes were built, and the average grain size was defined. The paper investigates the influence of implantation on the grain anisotropy factor. It was revealed that implantation leads to the decrease in the average transverse and longitudinal grain size of α-Ti and decrease in the anisotropy factor by three times. The yield stress and contributions of separate strengthening mechanisms before and after implantation were calculated. The implantation has resulted in increase in the yield stress by two times.
Studies of Kinetic Plasticity Effect in High-Speed Steels under Martensite Transformation
Authors: Demenkova L.G. , Solodsky S.A. , Ilyashchenko D.P.
Published: May 2020

In the paper the authors study how the kinetic plasticity effects the temporary and residual stresses formed in instrumental steels when cooling. They also present the results of temporary stresses relaxation. This phenomenon was applied within the temperature range of the martensite transformation to reduce the cold cracking of the surfaced metal. The paper shows that the superplasticity effect emerging at the moment of martensite transformation plays the crucial role in temporary stresses relaxation.
Study of Surface Layer Hardening after Treatment Complex Tool
Authors: Mitrofanova K.S.
Published: May 2020

The results of experimental studies of the thin surface layer of samples made of steel 45 after treatment with surface plastic deformation (SPD) multiradius roller (MR-roller) are presented. On the basis of the apparatus of the mechanics of technological inheritance, taking into account the effect of the solidified body, a model of the process according to the scheme of multiple loading-unloading of metal, taking into account the phenomenology of the SPD process and the properties of the material, is created. Distributions of parameters of the stress-strain state in the deformation centre are obtained, the parameters of roughness and microhardness of the surface layer are investigated.
Phase State Diagrams of a Four-Component System Al-Si-N-O - Analysis of the Thermodynamic Stability of Sialon Compounds Dased on Energy Crystal-Chemistry
Authors: Vlasov V.A. , Klopotov Anatoliy A. , Vereshchagin V.I. , Volokitin O.G. , Bezukhov K.A. , Gorlenko N.P. , Tsvetkov N.A.
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the state diagram of compounds in the system А12O3-SiO2. It has been found that the presence and the concentration of oxygen have a very important effect on formation of compounds with a crystalline structure in different syngony based on SIALON. Oxygen contributes to transition of the metastable AlXSi3-XN4compound into stable one. The parameter of structural “friability” of compounds has been used in the analysis of thethermodynamic stability of compounds in the Al-Si-N-O system. It has been foundthat the SiAl4O2N4compound with the 12H-SIALON structure (Pearson symbolhP32) has the greatest thermodynamic stability among the compounds under study in this system.
Is Open Visitation Really “Open” in Adult Intensive Care Units in the United States?
Authors: Milner Kerry A. , Goncalves Susan , Marmo Suzanne , Cosme Sheri
Published: May 2020

Background

Evidence indicates that open visitation in adult intensive care units is a best practice for patient- and family-centered care, and nurses substantially influence such visitation patterns. However, it is unclear whether intensive care units in Magnet and Pathway to Excellence (MPE) facilities nationwide implement this in practice.

Objective

To describe current national visitation practices in adult intensive care units and determine whether they have changed since the last national study, which used data from 2008 to 2009.

Methods

From February through April 2018, websites of MPE hospitals were reviewed in order to identify their adult intensive care unit visitation policy. If this information was unavailable online, the hospital was telephoned to obtain the policy. From May through August 2018, follow-up telephone calls were made to hospitals that reported open visitation, during which intensive care unit nurses at the hospitals were asked to verify that the policy did not restrict visiting hours or the number, type, or age of visitors.

Results

Among the 536 MPE hospitals contacted, 51% (n = 274) indicated that they allowed open visitation. Further examination, however, revealed that 64% (n = 175) restricted the number (68.2%), age (59.5%), or type (4.4%) of visitors, or visiting hours (19.8%). Only 18.5% of MPE hospitals (n = 99) allowed unrestricted visitation.

Conclusion

This study suggests a lack of progress toward implementing open visitation in adult intensive care units nationwide. Research on MPE hospitals that have adopted truly open visitation policies is needed to identify successful methods for implementing and sustaining open visitation.
Dissection ofAnoplophora glabripennis(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larval tissues for physiological and molecular studies
Authors: Torson Alex S. , Des Marteaux Lauren E. , Bowman Susan , Zhang Meng Lei , Ong Kevin , Doucet Daniel , Sinclair Brent J. , Roe Amanda D.
Published: May 2020

Many biological processes are partitioned among organs and tissues, necessitating tissue-specific or organ-specific analysis (particularly for comparative -omics studies). Standardised techniques for tissue identification and dissection are therefore imperative for comparing among studies. Here we describe dissection protocols for isolating six key tissues/organs from larvae of the Asian longhorned beetle,Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): the supraoesophageal ganglion, posterior midgut, hindgut, Malpighian tubules, fat body, and thoracic muscle. We also describe how to extract haemolymph and preserve whole larvae for measurements such as protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content. We include dissection protocols for both fresh-killed and previously frozen specimens. Although this protocol is developed forA. glabripennis, it should allow standardised tissue collection from larvae of other cerambycids and be readily transferrable to other beetle taxa with similar larval morphology.
Extracellular ATP Augments Antigen-Induced Murine Mast Cell Degranulation and Allergic Responses via P2X4 Receptor Activation
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Ito Masa-aki , Sato Naoko , Obayashi Kosuke , Yamamoto Kimiko , Koizumi Schuichi , Tanaka Satoshi , Furuta Kazuyuki , Matsuoka Isao
Published: May 2020

Extracellular ATP released from stimulated and/or damaged cells modulates physiological responses via stimulation of various purinoceptors. We previously showed that ATP potentiated the Ag-induced mast cell (MC) degranulation via purinoceptors pharmacologically similar to the ionotropic P2X4 receptor. In this study, we investigated the role of P2X4 receptor in MC degranulation induced by stimulation of IgE-FcεRI complex with Ag, using bone marrow–derived MCs (BMMCs) prepared from wild type and P2X4 receptor–deficient (P2rx4−/−) mice. ATP significantly increased Ag-induced degranulation in BMMCs prepared from wild type mice. This effect of ATP was reduced in BMMCs prepared from P2rx4−/− mice. The potentiating effect of ATP was restored by expressing P2X4 receptor in P2rx4−/− BMMCs. The P2X4 receptor–mediated effects were maintained even after differentiating into the connective tissue-type MCs. P2X4 receptor stimulation did not affect the Ag-induced Ca2+ response but enhanced Ag-induced early signals, such as tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk and phospholipase C-γ. Interestingly, these effects of ATP on Syk phosphorylation were not impaired by pretreatment with Cu2+, an inhibitor of the P2X4 receptor channel, or removal of external Ca2+, suggesting that a mechanisms other than Ca2+ influx through ion channel activity may be involved. In vivo experiments revealed that systemic and intradermal passive anaphylaxis responses were significantly alleviated in P2rx4−/− mice. Taken together, the present data suggest that the P2X4 receptor plays an essential role in ATP-induced upregulation of MC degranulation in response to Ag, and also contributes to the Ag-induced allergic response in vivo.
Suppression of Mll1-Complex by Stat3/Cebpβ–Induced miR-21a/21b/181b Maintains the Accumulation, Homeostasis, and Immunosuppressive Function of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Zhang Zhiqian , Huang Xu , Wang Enlin , Huang Yugang , Yang Rongcun
Published: May 2020

Mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), which exerts its H3K4 methyltransferase activity by interacting with WDR5, ASH2L, and RBBP5, plays a pivotal role in regulating hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Disrupting the integrity of MLL1-complex has been reported to be associated with acute leukemia. However, the exact role of MLL1-complex in myeloid cells is unknown. In this study, microarray analysis revealed that the core components of the Mll1-complex, Wdr5, Ash2l, and Mll1, were concurrently downregulated by tumor-secreted factors as well as GM-CSF + IL-6 during the accumulation and activation of murine myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These changes were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting both in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of WDR5 and ASH2L were also significantly decreased in bone marrow MDSCs of lung cancer patients compared with that of healthy controls. Functionally, ectopic expression of Wdr5, Ash2l, and Mll1 (C terminus) reversed the accumulation and function of GM-CSF + IL-6–induced as well as tumor-cocultured polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) by promoting them to differentiate into mature neutrophil-like cells. Mechanistically, GM-CSF + IL-6–activated Stat3 and Cebpβ synergistically induced the expression of miR-21a, miR-21b, and miR-181b, and thus inhibited the expression of Wdr5, Ash2l, and Mll1 by targeting to their 3′ untranslated regions, respectively. Furthermore, knockdown of these microRNAs also suppressed the expansion and function of GM-CSF + IL-6–induced PMN-MDSCs. Taken together, our findings indicate that the Stat3/Cebpβ–miR-21a/b/181b–Mll1-complex axis may play a critical role in PMN-MDSC expansion, activation, and differentiation, and this axis may provide an effectively immunological therapeutic approach for patients with cancer or other immunological diseases.
Application of a Documentary about High-risk Newborns in Nursing Education: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Kang Hyun-Ju , Yu Juyoun
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' recognition and understanding of the clinical environment of high-risk neonatal nursing care after watching a documentary about the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), where high-risk newborns are treated. Methods: This study was a qualitative content analysis. In total, 151 nursing students’ personal essays describing their reactions to a documentary about the NICU were analyzed using the NVivo 12 program. Results: Nursing students’ experiences of engaging with a documentary about the NICU were structured into four thematic categories: ‘actual observations of the imagined NICU’, ‘observation and recognition of nursing knowledge’, ‘empathy with people related to the baby’, and ‘establishing attitudes and values as a nurse’. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that documentaries can be applied in nursing education about high-risk newborns.
Factors Influencing Post-traumatic Growth in Mothers with Premature Infants Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lee Hyeun Soo , Kang Sook Jung
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Caring for a vulnerable premature baby is a challenging task, but some mothers experience growth through that process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing post-traumatic growth in mothers with premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: A correlational research design was used and 105 mothers of premature infants were recruited from an online community. Data were collected from January 15 to January 25, 2019. Post-traumatic growth was measured using the Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The final model developed in this study explained 45.5% of post-traumatic growth (F=13.66, p<.001). Resilience (β=.54, p<.001) was the strongest predictor of post-traumatic growth, followed by the age of the mother when giving birth (β=.17, p=.028) and current employment status (β=.17, p=.049). Conclusion: For mother with premature infants to grow psychologically after their experience, it may be needed to support them to develop and strengthen their resilience through either education or their own support network.
Noise Level and Frequency Experienced by Premature Infants Receiving Incubator Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Joo So Hyun , Kim Tae Im
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the noise level and frequency experienced by premature infants receiving incubator care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The participants were 20 premature infants receiving incubator care in the NICU of a university hospital in Daejeon Metropolitan city. The noise level was measured using a professional sound-level meter (ET-958, FLUS, Shenzhen, China) based on a noise classification table developed by the author. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS for Windows version 22.0. Results: The average noise level experienced by premature infants receiving incubator care in the NICU was 51.25 dB (range: 45.0~81.7 dB). The frequency of noises was highest for factors related to nursing activities (40.3%), followed by human factors (29.1%), machine alarm sounds (20.1%), incubator operation (6.6%), and internal environmental factors (3.9%). Conclusion: According to the above results, the noise level experienced by premature infants receiving incubator care in the NICU exceeded the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an interventional program to reduce noise in the NICU, and to conduct follow-up studies to verify its effectiveness.
Freedom of lawyers to provide services under directive 77/2491
Authors: Siman Michael
Published: May 2020

The following article deals with one of the different forms of free movement of lawyers in the EU, i.e. the freedom to provide services on a temporary basis.  The relevant primary law alongside the applicable legislation, as interpreted by the Court in its case-law, is analysed. Special attention is paid to certain peculiarities of cross-border provision of services by lawyers, in particular the respect of rules of professional conduct.
Tax treaty override in Slovakia - Digital platform permanent establishment
Authors: Cibuľa Tomáš , Kačaljak Matej
Published: May 2020

The article analyses the new “digital platform permanent establishment” concept as a legal fiction establishing a fixed place even in situations where there is no actual fixed place. The authors conclude that in the Slovak legal environment this concept is not capable of (i) being applied through the interpretation of the tax treaty, or (ii) overriding the tax treaty. Its practical implications in a tax treaty situation must be analysed on a case-by-case basis. The ineffectiveness of the concept mainly stems from the fact that Slovak statutory rules are generally incapable of overriding tax treaties. It may still be applicable in a dualist legal environment, but international law treaty override implications would still remain valid.
M. Walzer and contemporary communitarianism
Authors: Chovancová Jarmila
Published: May 2020

The author in her article focuses on the views of M. Walzer, encompassed specifically in his works „Spheres of Justice“ – „The Defence of Equality and Pluralism“, and „The Just and Unjust Wars“. The focus is given to equality, pluralism, and justice which represent the main issues considered by the contemporary communitarianism.
EU as a human rights actor?
Authors: Mokrá Lucia , Janková Kristína
Published: May 2020

The human rights are fundamental principle of the European Union law, which should be observed in adoption of legislative rules as well as in implementation practice. The EU had been initially founded as the economic cooperation project and an ambition to establish cooperation between its member states also in political agenda became more visible especially since the Lisbon Treaty, by which the position of EU in area of external relations was strengthened. The paper analyses position of the European Union when promoting and protecting human rights in external relations. As there exist several tools and mechanisms EU may use in implementation of human rights policy, we analyze the role of the EU in relation to the application of human rights in foreign policy as stated in Article 2 and Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union.
Dewey and Political Communication in the Age of Mediation
Authors: Mason Lance E
Published: May 2020

The present sociopolitical environment in the United States is perpetually mediated and beset with information from innumerable sources. This paper argues that Dewey’s conception of communication as a mutual act of meaning-making holds insights for explaining the connections between pervasive mediation and political polarization, in addition to understanding why political discourse has become more degrading in recent years. It also points the way toward viable solutions by arguing for the reorientation of schools toward valuable living experiences that are becoming less pronounced in the broader culture, such as sustained face to face engagement on matters of social import.
AVALIAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA
Authors: Cruz Antonio Carlos dos Santos
Published: May 2020

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos – EJA é uma modalidade singular, atendendo a um publico adulto, o qual se compõe de sujeitos que por diferentes motivos não puderam completar seus estudos no tempo regular, pode-se entender que essa modalidade possui um caráter eminentemente compensatório e inclusivo. Em tal contexto o processo avaliativo ocupa lugar de destaque, constituindo-se não apenas uma forma de controle e registro, mas uma ferramenta pedagógica de ensino. O presente artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos em pesquisa realizada para a tese de doutorado de seu autor, onde se investigou o processo avaliativo da EJA no município de Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, através de questionários aplicados a professores e alunos da EJA no referido município. A metodologia envolveu uma revisão da literatura realizada previamente, e um estudo de campo realizado com 50 professores e 200 alunos. Os resultados atestam as particularidades únicas do público atendido na EJA, pessoas adultas, com suas próprias responsabilidades, que precisam concluir seus estudos escolares em busca de melhores oportunidades de trabalho. Constata-se que os docentes estão cientes destas particularidades, enquanto que os alunos da EJA demonstram interesse por projetos educacionais que envolvam o uso da criatividade, mas no que tange ao desempenho escolar propriamente ainda existe uma grande lacuna entre as competências a serem desenvolvidas e a realidade vivenciada pelos alunos.
ცოდნის მენეჯმენტი, როგორც საზოგადოებრივი კეთილდღეობის შექმნის საფუძველი
Authors: Chkhaidze Irma
Published: May 2020

ირმა ჩხაიძე
ბათუმის შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო
უნივერსიტეტის ასოცირებული პროფესორი
საქართველო, ბათუმი
E-mail: chkhaidze.irma@bsu.edu.ge
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4430-181X
 
მოკლე აღწერა
თანამედროვე საბაზრო ეკონომიკის პირობებში „საზო­გად­ო­ე­ბრივი კეთიმდღეობის შექმნას განაპირობებს, როგორც სა­ხე­ლ­მ­წ­ი­ფო ,,საერთო საზოგადოებრივი კეთილდღეობის“ შექმნით, ასევე ბი­ზნეს სექტორი ,,ინდივიდუალური კეთილდღეობის“ შექმნით, რო­მელიც ეფუძნება ,,პირადი კეთილდღეობის“ შექმნას და ით­ვა­ლის­წინებს, ერთი მხრივ, ბაზარზე კონკურენტუნარიანობის მო­პოვებას და შენარჩუნებას, ხოლო მეორე მხრივ, საზო­გა­დ­ო­ე­ბ­ი­ს­ა­თ­ვ­ის ,,არა წინააღმდეგობრივი კეთილდღეობის“  შე­ქმნის სა­ფ­უ­ძ­ვე­ლ­ზე მაქსიმალური მოგების მიღებას.
კვლევის ძირითადი მიზანია  გაანალიზდეს კომპანიებში ,,სა­­ფუძვლიანი“ და ,,ინოვაციური“ ცოდნის პრაქტიკაში შერწყმის სა­ფუძველზე შექმნილი ,,ინდივიდუალური კეთილდღეობის“  უპ­­­ი­­­­რატესობები.
საკვლევი თემა ღირებული და საინტერესოა იმ თვა­ლს­აზ­რ­ი­­სითაც, რომ ,,საფუძვლიანი ცოდნის’’ უზრუნველყოფით, ერთი მ­ხ­რივ, კომპანიებს ეძლევათ შესაძლებლობა მიიღონ მონაწილეობა ,,თა­მაშში’’ და უზრუნველყონ  კონკურენტუნარიანობა, და მეორე მხ­რივ, შექმნას მნიშვნელოვანი ბარიერი კომპანიაში გა­ნვი­თა­რე­ბ­ის იგივე დონით ან ცოდნის იგივე ხარისხით, როგორც მისი კო­ნ­კ­უ­რენტები, რამაც შესაძლებელია გამოავლინოს კომპანიის კო­ნ­კუ­რ­ე­ნტუუნარობა. ხოლო ,,ინოვაციური ცოდნა’’ კომპანიებს აძლევს შე­საძლებლობას შეცვალონ ,,თამაშის წესები’’, რაც უზ­რუნ­ვე­ლ­ყ­ოფს ბაზარზე მათ ლიდერობას.
კვლევისას გამოყენებულია  ანალიზის და სინთეზის მეთო­დი, შედარებითი მეთოდი,  თვისებრივი მეთოდი. კვლევის მეთო­დე­ბის გამოყენების საფუძველზე შემუშავებულია სათანადო დას­კვ­ნები და რეკომენდაციები.
საკვანძო სიტყვები: ცოდნის მენეჯმენტი, ,,საფუძვლიანი ცოდნა“,  ,,ინოვაციური ცოდნა“, ,,საზოგადოებრივი და ,ინდივიდუალური’’ კეთილდღეობა.
Workplace Innovation Forum: A section in the EJWI
Authors: Ennals Richard
Published: May 2020

Launching a new journal means beginning a distinctive new conversation. WorkplaceInnovation is about practice, and not just academic theory. The journal needs a place wherepractice is presented, and can influence the development of theory. Short articles arewelcome for the Forum Section in EJWI, facilitating debate and collaboration.
Patterns of workplace innovation in the Basque Country: Challenges and lessons from Gipuzkoa
Authors: Pomares Egoitz , Luna Alvaro , Unceta Alfonso
Published: May 2020

The importance of Workplace Innovation to improve competitiveness and employability strategies in the Basque Country has been a key ingredient of policy discussions in this region. This paper is focused on the analysis of the context and current state of workplace innovation and productivity skills in the province of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country-Spain).The action-research study was conducted in 2015 (different economic sectors and organizations of the area) with the funding and support of the Provincial Council of Gipuzkoa (Department for Economic Promotion) and the European Social Fund co-financing. The project was included as a specific case study of the workforce and workplace conditions of territorial organisations through the identification of the drivers and barriers of workplace innovation practices in 496 SME’s.The aim of this investigation is to build a new model of economic and social development that looks to understand the diverse and complex workplace environment of an important part of the Basque Country’s work organisations and companies.The evaluation of their practical learning activities, management as intervention, work organization, and worker participation, and their influence in the employment skills of their workers, is a crucial part of this research.This article takes a close look to these organizations, through a detailed analysis of their main changing processes in their workforce skills, their organizational knowledge and their economic and competitive performance.
CARE JOBS: an educational game on job quality in chronic care settings
Authors: Dessers Ezra , De Kort Leen , Van Hootegem Geert
Published: May 2020

CARE JOBS is a game designed for educating people working in chronic care settings on the relation between job characteristics and job quality. The game is based on Karasek’s Job Demand/Control (JD/C) Model, which predicts that job quality results from the joint effects of workload (i.e. job demands) and autonomy (i.e. job control). The game is about dressing toy dolls, which represent residential care clients. Twelve, sixteen or twenty participants are divided over four tables, each representing a residential care unit. At each table, one of the job types identified by the JD/C Model is simulated. Job demands are manipulated by controlling the number of dolls. Job controls are manipulated by (lack of) strict clothing rules and (lack of) access to extra clothing in the storage. Participants are instructed to dress their residents in six minutes time. In the debriefing, participants are asked after their results and experiences. Guided by the facilitator, participants reconstruct the JD/C Model. The full game can be played in half an hour time. The game is appealing because of its simplicity, and offers starting points for further interventions in the organization of work.
Employee motivation to participate in workplace innovation via in-house crowdsourcing
Authors: Palin Kira , Kaartemo Valtteri
Published: May 2020

Crowdsourcing has rapidly gained popularity in business and academia. Research on crowdsourcing has focused mostly on the resources external to an organisation, with less attention being paid to in-house crowdsourcing (IHCS). We believe that IHCS has potential to empower employees to partake in workplace innovation. We argue that employee motivation is one of the most significant factors influencing the success or failure of any IHCS project. Yet, to the knowledge of the authors, employee motivation has not been studied in the context of IHCS thus far, and the present study aims to fill this research gap. We present the case of an IHCS project launched by a large Finnish government-owned company (GOC) that offers diversified logistics services. We identify five factors that influence employees’ extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to participate in workplace innovation via IHCS, namely working environment, rewards systems, feedback and processing time, user experience and role of technology, and site marketing and communication. Further, we set several theoretical propositions for empirical testing. Our contribution to workplace innovation literature is two-fold: enhancing the general understanding of IHCS; and studying employee motivation in the IHCS context. We also contribute to the wider innovation management literature by increasing general knowledge about innovativeness of GOCs.
EURAM 2018
Authors: Ennals Richard
Published: May 2020

EURAM 2018 Conference Dates Conference: 20-23 June 2018
Coping with the future
Authors: Ennals Richard
Published: May 2020

October 8th, 9th and 10th, 2018
Trust-based steering of large Engineering-to-Order offshore/onshore projects: is it possible?
Authors: Dvergsdal Dagrun , Haga Trond
Published: May 2020

The various traditions of socio-technical system design (STSD) emphasise different aspects of such systems, but the core relationship in the literature is between the use of technology and the set-up of organisations. Therefore, much attention has been paid to organisational issues, including work tasks, distributed responsibilities and processes. An organisation where tasks and responsibilities are distributed requires other forms of co-operation and clarification and, not least, that the actors trust each other. Nevertheless, trust has received little discussion in the STSD literature.This paper focuses on trust as a relational tool: the factors decisive for developing trust in a project management team established ad hoc to implement an offshore development project, how to develop trust in practice, and whether a focus on trust reduces the need for control measures. The purpose of systematic trust building is to develop team members who are, individually and as team members, able to deliver the results expected for their area and to support colleagues to do the same, thereby reducing the need for control measures. Trust building represents one way for the project manager to acquire control of the organisation, and it must therefore be better understood, starting with this question: how efficient are the various factors for the project manager in exercising power, i.e. ensuring control over project execution? The case in this paper illustrates the need to address trust and control in the set-up of a project management team, a focus which is also important for STSD in general.
Identifying vocational student teachers’ competence using an ePortfolio
Authors: Korhonen Anne-Maria , Lakkala Minna , Veermans Marjaana
Published: May 2020

The claim of advancing the use of Personal Learning Environments arose from the ideas of an ongoing learning process which lasts throughout a lifetime and informal learning being a meaningful part of the development of an individual’s expertise. In order to develop expertise, the following steps are necessary: first, one must explore the competences related to the profession; second, one must discover what these competencies and skills involve; and third, one must reflect on how to master the techniques involved. In addition to this kind of individual process, it is also important nowadays to acknowledge that demonstrating that one has achieved the necessary competences is important information for many audiences, such as workplaces, networks and employers. Nowadays, the most effective way to show one’s competence to a wider audience, as well as to review one’s skills oneself, is to create a digital record or portfolio (an ePortfolio). However, making an individual’s competence transparent in a digital format has proven complicated. This study focuses on exploring vocational student teachers’ competence through their ePortfolios, mainly using a theoretical framework of the pedagogical infrastructure design. The study reveals that there is a lot of variation in the quality of ePortfolios and therefore more scaffolding is needed to support student teachers in making their teacher competence visible through ePortfolios. The study advocates both creating a workspace ePortfolio as well as making competence transparent through a showcase ePortfolio.
Revising workers participation in regional innovation systems: a study of workplace innovation programmes in the Basque Country
Authors: Pomares Egoitz
Published: May 2020

The article analyses two workplace innovation programmes from the perspective of regional innovation systems and the design of public policies. In this sense, the programmes are described as political tools that are part of the Science, Innovation and Technology Plan 2020 of the Basque Autonomous Community. The regional perspective and the participation of workers are key matters that acquire relevance within the framework of European smart specialisation policies, as well as for regional development and cohesion.
La marginación de la literatura y de Hispanoamérica en el español como lengua extranjera
Authors: Hansejordet Ingunn
Published: May 2020

El artículo analiza la presente situación del español como lengua extranjera en la educación secundaria en Noruega. Dentro del paradigma de la competencia comunicativa la literatura pierde importancia debido al énfasis en las destrezas orales y en el ’output’. Los objetivos abiertos del plan de estudios de Kunnskapsløftet (la reforma educativa del 2006), los enfoques de los manuales, la forma del examen además de otros mecanismos y ciertas ”enfermedades infantiles” de la asignatura, hacen que tanto la literatura como las culturas hispanoamericanas queden marginadas del aula. Dado que la literatura y el conocimiento de otras culturas son arenas privilegiadas para encuentros con el Otro, las lenguas extranjeras deberían jugar un papel importante en la formación de los alumnos. A modo de conclusión se presentan unas ideas para trabajar con textos literarios con el fin de abrir el aula al mundo y realizar en mayor grado el potencial formativo de la asignatura.
Suite and Reflections: Go Tell It on the Mountain
Authors: Eidsaa Randi
Published: May 2020

En musikalsk forestilling med utgangspunkt i en amerikansk roman
Teaching American Studies to Electricians, Health Care Workers, Paramedics, Plumbers, and other High School Students in Norway: A Fulbright Roving Scholar Gets Grounded
Authors: Irvine Colin
Published: May 2020

Del 2
" ‘Still Fighting It’: Cyber Bullying"
Authors: Tornli Mette
Published: May 2020

Del 2
Foreign Languages and Internationalisation at a University of Education in Germany
Authors: Dines Peter
Published: May 2020

As my title suggests, the aim of this article is to give interested readers an insight into the ways in which advanced foreign language studies are taught at Ludwigsburg University of Education (LUE), Baden-Württemberg, Germany and how this links up with the policy of internationalisation which has been developed by the university over the past 15 years or so. It is my hope that our attempts to address the challenges of teacher education and training maybe of some use to readers of this journal and possibly lead to a discussion of the issues at hand with interested parties – a discussion to which we at Ludwigsburg are more than willing to engage in, especially in view of the changes to the system of teacher education currently being prepared by the government of the state of Baden-Württemberg
Critical Literacy in the ESL Classroom: Bridging the Gap between Old and New Media
Authors: Habegger-Conti Jena L.
Published: May 2020

Research recently conducted at the University of Stavanger found that teachers of English at upper secondary schools experience difficulty in getting their students to read longer fictional texts, and have witnessed negative attitudes towards reading. At the same time, the past four years have shown a 22% decline in enrolment across Norway in the Literature and Culture subject in the third year of upper secondary. How can the objectives set out in the basic skills section of the English subject specialization program—“understanding, exploring and pondering demanding texts”—be met if students are losing the cognitive mode of deep attention that helps them read novels and other longer texts? As digital reading has proven to be sloppy, and exhaustive reading is rare online, to what extent can students be expected to gain “insight across cultures and special fields”? Can the overall aims for teaching literature in the ESL classroom, especially those aims regarding the ability to ponder and gain insight, still be achieved through new media and popular culture? This study raises questions concerning the future of reading and offers a critical literacy approach through which teachers and learners can investigate different types of media. Implementing a critical literacy approach in the ESL classroom offers rich possibilities for teaching both language and culture at all levels through both traditional and new media.
Interdisciplinary teaching as motivation: An initiative for change in post-16 vocational education
Authors: Holmbukt Tove , Larsen Annelise Brox
Published: May 2020

A team of researchers in teacher education and teachers in secondary education vocational study programmes decide to plan and try out interdisciplinary teaching schemes combining the subject English with Media studies. This is a two-stage study. Firstly, the research team want to observe whether an interdisciplinary approach to teaching and learning will have positive effects on students’ motivation and thereby their engagement with learning activities. Questionnaires are applied in addition to the researchers’ participatory observations. Secondly, a longitudinal objective is to investigate whether the experience achieved, has led to any changes in the way teaching and learning activities are organized. Members of the teachers’ team are interviewed. Drawing on the concepts elaborated and restricted codes, and assuming that traditional teaching is disciplinary and tends to favour the academically inclined students, this article argues in favour of altering the code by opening up the conventional disciplinary setting of students’ learning. Thus, the main components of this article are a study of the students’ response to working across the disciplines; second, a discussion of whether the inferences made by the research team during and after the interdisciplinary project have caused any new practices in the facilitation of teaching and learning activities in this school five years later.
The Role of Minority Students’ L1 when Learning English
Authors: Iversen Jonas
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the context of multilingual minority students in Norwegian English classrooms, particularly focusing on the role of their L1. First, do minority students find their L1 useful when learning English? Second, how do minority students make use of their L1 when learning English? And finally, how do their teachers support the use of their L1 in the English classroom? Qualitative interviews with 10 minority students from three different secondary schools in Norway shows that although their teachers often ignore their linguistic background and do not encourage the use of the L1 in the English classroom, many students make use of their L1; they translate between English and their L1, see grammatical similarities between their L1 and English, and receive support from peers and parents through the medium of the L1. However, the lack of encouragement and support has also led many minority students to hold rather negative attitudes towards their L1 and they often consider their L1 as unfit for academic purposes. Hence, they often hesitate to make use of their L1 in the English classroom and there is great variety among the participants on whether they find their L1 useful in the context of the English classroom.
Interlanguage Development in Speech Act Strategy Choices: Apologies by Norwegian Pre- and In-service Teachers of English
Authors: Krulatz Anna
Published: May 2020

Previous research on interlanguage pragmatics suggests that performance of apologies in a second language can pose challenges for adult language learners. The goal of this paper is to contribute to the growing body of research on L2 pragmatic development. The cross-sectional study presented here focuses on the variation in the use of apology strategies in response to discourse completion tasks produced by 110 Norwegian pre- and in- service English teachers at three different proficiency levels. The apologies were classified using coding procedures adopted from Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), Blum-Kulka et al. (1989) and Rose (2000). The findings are reported using descriptive statistics and selected examples from the data. One-way ANOVAs and Chi-square tests were run to determine if the differences between the groups were statistically significant. Developmental patterns were revealed in the use of apology modifications (adjunct strategies), particularly in the amount of and variation of modifications, with participants with higher proficiency level employing significantly more varied and extensive modifications. However, no significant differences in the production of the main apology and the employment of lexical intensifiers were found.
Hedging in English texts written by lower secondary pupils attending Norwegian schools
Authors: Thomson James Jacob
Published: May 2020

This study analyses the use of hedges in English texts written by year nine[1] pupils attending Norwegian lower secondary schools. Hedges are quantified in a corpus of 82 pupil texts using a taxonomy consisting of five hedging categories: Adaptors, Rounders, Plausibility Shields, Explicit Markers of Author Involvement and Verbal Fillers (Prince et al., 1980; Salager-Meyer, 1994; Holmes, 1986). As the pupils are school-level second language learners of English, each device is also deemed to be either accurately or inaccurately used based on grammar, well-formedness and appropriateness (Fetzer, 2004). The analyses are compared across topic, holistic ratings and formality. Texts in the corpus are written about two topics: sports and literary analyses of the novel Holes (Sachar, 1998). Texts about sports contain significantly more hedges than texts about Holes. Comparing accurate and inaccurate categories across holistic ratings, different results were produced when considering topic. Informally written texts about sports contain higher frequencies of accurately used devices than formally written texts about sports. The results suggest that topic and formality are the most significant factors affecting hedging use in this corpus. While hedging frequency overall does not seem to correlate with holistic ratings, overuse and inaccurate use of hedges seems to affect quality. Based on the results, it is argued that pupils may benefit from exposure to a wide range of accurately used devices. [1] “Year 9” is a term usually used in the UK, synonymous with “9th grade” used in the United States, for pupils aged 13-14.
Challenges concerning argumentative writing in a second language context
Authors: Horverak May Olaug
Published: May 2020

The current study is based on parts of the data collected in a quasi-experiment conducted in four English classes of Norwegian upper secondary school students. The purpose of the quasi-experiment was to explore whether a teaching intervention based on systemic functional linguistics and genre-pedagogy would support students in improving their competence in writing argumentative texts in English. The improvement was measured by comparing evaluations of pre-and post-tests. The current study investigates what seemed to be the main challenges for Norwegian students concerning this type of genre in a second language context based on the pre-tests and the evaluations of the pre-tests. The most challenging aspect seems to be how to write thorough argumentation and discussion and to use sources in an independent and correct manner. Other challenging features seem to be how to structure texts and how to adjust the language to appropriate levels of formality and modality. To meet these challenges, this article advocates introducing genre-pedagogy as a teaching approach in ESL-contexts (English as a second language). This would ensure a focus on how to construct arguments through detailed instruction and to adjust the writing to purpose and situation.
Interdisciplinary approaches for deep learning
Authors: Holmbukt Tove
Published: May 2020

The Norwegian national curricula for primary and secondary education are currently undergoing reforms, which will be implemented from 2020. The underlying documents regarding the reform are studied in this article, and conclude that learners should be provided with beneficial conditions to develop values and knowledge to manage their lives well. An essential notion is ‘deep learning’ whose implication seems to be acquisition of more in-depth knowledge and understanding of subject areas. The present article argues that learning is about making connections, whether it be noticing connections between isolated subject areas, or, perhaps, between theoretical concepts and practical tasks. Further, the article argues that interdisciplinary approaches extend knowledge as they typically work across subject areas and support learners in discovering disciplinary connections. Claims are made that interdisciplinary strategies have the capacities to facilitate various learning styles, motivation and variation. Such facilitations are required in education that is democratic and which targets all learners. Hence, the article argues that interdisciplinarity and deep learning are concepts that work together, and in which critical thinking and creativity are core elements. The argumentation is based on the four official documents NOU 2014:7, NOU 2015:8, Report to the Storting 28, The Standing Committee on Education, Research and Church Affairs’ recommendation to the Storting 19 S, as well as, data findings discussed in a master study which discusses teachers’ perceptions of interdisciplinarity and learning.
Contacto con el español en el tiempo libre en diferentes contextos: estudiantes de bachillerato noruegos en España y Noruega
Authors: Grønn Berit
Published: May 2020

I presentasjonen legger jeg fram hovedfunnene fra tre kvalitative intervjuundersøkelser blant spanskelever i vg2 og vg3 i Norge og ved norske skoler i Spania. To av undersøkelsene ble gjennomført i 2016, mens den tredje finner sted skoleåret 2017/18. Hovedtemaer hvordan norske spanskelever eksponeres for og bruker spansk i fritida og på reiser, og hvordan de knytter sine erfaringer med spansk utenom skolen til det de lærer i spansktimene på skolen. Jeg ser spesielt på hvordan elevene eksponeres for spansk i digitale medier og gjennom deltakelse i muntlige og skriftlige kommunikasjonssituasjoner, både online og offline. Målet med undersøkelsene er å avdekke hva elevene foretar seg når de tilfeldigvis blir eksponert for spansk og når de bevisst oppsøker spansk på egen hånd. I intervjuene har elevene fortalt hvordan de går fram for å lytte til, lese, snakke og skrive spansk, delt egne språklæringserfaringer og reflektert over sammenhengen mellom læring på skolen og i fritida. Til slutt skisserer jeg noen muligheter for hvordan et utvalg tekster, som elevene har referert til i intervjuene, kan brukes i undervisningssammenheng, og hva man kan gjøre for å bevisstgjøre elevene på hvordan de kan utnytte egne språklæringserfaringer for å videreutvikle sin språk- og kulturkompetanse.
Conectando mentes, comunicando en ELE
Authors: Julian-de-Vega Concha
Published: May 2020

La importancia de la comunicación entre pueblos y culturas es esencial en el mundo globalizado en el que nos movemos. El desarrollo de la predisposición a la comunicación en los procesos de aprendizaje de lenguas es básico para que el aprendiente se anime a utilizar, a jugar y a reflexionar sobre la lengua que está aprendiendo. Establecer las bases para facilitar ambientes de trabajo adecuados que animen al alumnado a usar la lengua meta es uno de los grandes retos a los que el profesorado de ELE se enfrenta, sin lugar a dudas. Esto es así porque la misma naturaleza de las lenguas toca factores afectivos claves que inciden directamente sobre la predisposición de los hablantes a establecer algún tipo de comunicación. Este artículo muestra la importancia de conocer aspectos neurológicos y emocionales, tales como la Disposición a Comunicarse del alumnado de ELE, los procesos cognitivos que forman parte de los procesos de aprendizaje y la influencia de la figura del profesor en el aula, que parecen primordiales cuando se enseña una lengua y fundamentales para que nuestros alumnos lleguen a ser aprendientes independientes en ELE.
Editorial
Authors: Izquierdo José María
Published: May 2020

El presente volumen 7, 2 (2019) de Nordic Journal of Modern Language Methodology, incluye siete artículos revisados por pares. Todos los textos fueron presentados por sus autores en el Sexto congreso de la Asociación Noruega de Profesores de Español, “El español en Noruega y el noruego en el mundo hispánico” celebrado en la Biblioteca de Humanidades y Ciencias sociales de la Universidad de Oslo los días 24-26 de noviembre de 2017