bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia in Elderly Major Trauma; A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis of Psoas and Masseter Muscle Groups
Authors: Varma Surabhi , Wilson Michael SJ , Naik Mitesh , Sandhu Amandeep , Ota Helen Chidera Uchenna , Aylwin Christopher , Fertleman Michael , Peck George
Published: July 2020

Background: There is an emerging role for the radiological evaluation of the psoas muscle as a marker of sarcopenia, and as a prognostic discriminant in elderly patients with traumatic injuries. Older trauma patients are more likely to undergo cranial than abdomino-pelvic imaging. Identifying sarcopenia using masseter cross sectional area (M-CSA) has shown correlation with mortality. We sought to determine the correlation between psoas: lumbar vertebral index (PLVI) and the M-CSA, and their association with health outcomes. Methods: Patients aged 65 or above, who presented as a trauma call over a 1 year period were included if they underwent cranial or abdominal CT imaging. Images were retrospectively analyzed to obtain PLVI and mean M-CSA measurements. Electronic records were abstracted for demographics and outcomes. Logistic regression methods, log scale analyses, Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to determine association of sarcopenia with outcomes. Results: There were 155 eligible patients in the M-CSA group and 204 patients in the PLVI group. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest quartile in each group. Both PLVI and M-CSA measurements were available in 142 patients. Pearson’s correlation indicated a weakly positive linear relationship (r=0.35, p<0.001) between these. There was no statistical association between M-CSA sarcopenia status and any measured outcomes. Those with PLVI sarcopenia were more likely to die in hospital (adjusted OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.47-9.73, p=0.006) and at 2-years (adjusted HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.11-3.25, p=0.02). Only 29% patients with PLVI sarcopenia were discharged home, compared with 58% without sarcopenia (p=0.001).Conclusion: Sarcopenia, defined by PLVI, is predictive of increased in-patient and 2- year mortality. Our study did not support prognostic relevance of M-CSA. Further research should be directed at improving the validity of masseter measurements or identifying alternative radiological determinants of sarcopenia on cranial imaging.
Effect of COVID 19 on Perceived Stress, Coping Skills, Self-Control and Self-Management Skills
Authors: Altuntaş Onur , Tekeci Yasin
Published: July 2020

Background: The COVID-19 is a major health crisis affecting th whole world. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 on perceived stress, ways of coping with stress, self-control and self-management skills.Methods: This study was conducted on 882 participants. The Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Coping Style Scale, Self-Control & Self-Management Scale were used to assess participants’ perceived stress, coping stress strategies self-control skills.Results: The total score of the perceived stress of 882 participants were found to be 28.35 ± 8.23. It is seen that 60.3% of the participants have moderate level stress. Seeking of social support is the most preferred coping strategy.Conclusions: In our study, it has seen that people have moderate stress levels during the pandemic process. It is predicted that strategies such as social support and improve self-control skills play an important role to keep people's stress balance or reducing along that period.
Successful Lobectomy of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations in a Patient Misdiagnosed as Tuberculosis and Polycythemia Vera: A Case Report
Authors: Teng Peng , Li Weidong , Ni Yiming
Published: July 2020

Background: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are uncommon conditions of abnormal communications between pulmonary arteries and veins, which are most commonly congenital in nature. Although such condition is not extremely rare, it is an challenge in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary problems such as hypoxemia and pulmonary lesions.Case presentation: We report a meaningful case of a 23-year-old male presented with elevated hemoglobin (23.0 g/dl) on admission. Physical examination revealed cyanosis, digital clubbing and low oxygen saturation on room air. The patient was initially diagnosed as polycythemia vera while the subsequent result of bone marrow aspiration was negative. During further assessment, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations were detected by computed tomographic angiography of pulmonary artery. Lobectomy was successfully performed with significant increase of oxygen saturation from 86% to 98%. The patient received an uneventful postoperative recovery and was followed up for nearly 5 years without recurrence.Conclusions: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations should be suspected in the patients with central cyanosis, digital clubbing, polycythemia and pulmonary lesion and without cardiac malformations. Embolization or surgery is highly recommended to reduce the risks caused by pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
Variants of Extended Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap for Large Wounds in Extremities
Authors: He Jiqiang , Qing Liming , Wu Panfeng , Zhou Zhengbing , Yu Fang , Tang Juyu
Published: July 2020

Background: Extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (LDMC) flap increasing the size of the flap and most used for breast reconstruction. This report will share our experience in designing different extended LDMC flap for large wounds in extremities.Patients and methods: From January 2004 to December 2018, extended LDMC flaps were performed on 72 consecutive patients aged 2 to 68 years (37 men and 35 women). All the wounds were extensive, either in upper or lower limbs, the skin defect ranged from 18 ×10 cm2 to 37 × 21 cm2. Single wing and double wings extended LDMC flaps were designed and harvested based on the wounds.Results: Seventy-two patients included this series, 5 pedicle and 67 free flaps were successfully harvested. The mean flap harvest time was 56.2 min. The donor sites were closed primarily in all patients. The venous compromise was noticed on the first postoperative day in 4 cases. Two flaps were salvaged after emergency re-exploration, another two patient’s flaps were total necrosis. One of the patients was received lower extremity amputation, another patient was repaired by extended LDMC flap on the other side. The wounds healed well, providing reliable soft tissue coverage and good contour in the reconstructed areas. Five patients lost follow-up, the follow-up period ranged from 10 to 56 months (mean, 15.7 months). Patients didn’t occur significant donor site morbidities that influenced their daily activities during follow-up.Conclusion: The single wing and double wings extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps are simple and reliable methods for large skin and soft-tissue defects in extremities.
Education as a Moderator in the Effect of Successful Aging on Mortality Risk in Elderly Chinese: A National Longitudinal Study (2011-2016)
Authors: Cao Peiya , Luo Huiqiang , Li Jijie , Ren Xiaohui
Published: July 2020

BackgroundSome studies have found that successful aging and its components were significantly associated with older adults’ health, their achievement has a positive effect on reducing mortality rates. However, there is little evidence to discuss whether education could modify the effect of successful aging on morality risk. Numerous literatures from worldwide were cross-sectional and previous studies on the association between successful aging and mortality in China were quite few. We aim to evaluate the effect of successful aging and each of its components on mortality risk of older in China, further discussed whether education was a moderator in this effect and investigated differences in results among males and females.MethodsData was derived from CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study), which is a nationally representative follow-up survey. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the education's moderate effect on the relationship between successful aging and mortality.ResultsIn total, 4824 residents aged 60 years and above were recorded. 15.18% (n=367) for males and 15.74% (n=379) for females were defined as successful aging and the mortality were 2.61% (n=63) for males and 3.45% (n=83) for females during the survey. It is the first longitudinal study using national cohort data to research the educational effects on the association between mortality and successful aging, our study showed that the effect only existed in females aged 65-74 years old group with lower education.ConclusionsEducation has the significant effect on the relationship between successful aging and mortality. Physical health is significantly associated with the achieving of successful aging among young older. More measures should be paid on improving mental health among the young female older with lower education to achieve successful aging and to against mortality and live longevity.
Promoting Respectful Maternity Care for Adolescents In Ghana: a Quasi-Experimental Research Study Protocol
Authors: Habib Helen H , Torpey Kwasi , Maya Ernest Tei , Ankomah Augustine
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIntra-partum mistreatment by healthcare providers remains a global public health and human rights challenge. Adolescents, who are typically younger, poorer and less educated have been found to be disproportionately exposed to intra-partum mistreatment. In Ghana, maternal mortality remains a leading cause of death among adolescent females, despite increasing patronage of skilled birth attendance in health facilities. In response to the the World Health Organisation Human Reproduction Programme (WHO-HRP) recommendations to address mistreatment with Respectful Maternity Care (RMC), this study aims to generate evidence on promoting respectful treatment of adolescents using an intervention that trains health providers on the concept of mistreatment, their professional roles in RMC and the rights of adolescents to RMC.MethodsThis study will employ a pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design. At pre-test and post-test, quantitative surveys will be conducted among adolescents who deliver at health facilities about their labour experience with mistreatment and RMC. A total target of 392 participants will be recruited across intervention and control facilities. Qualitative interviews will also be conducted with selected adolescents and health professionals for an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Following the pre-test, a facility-based training module will be implemented at intervention facilities for the facility midwives. The modules will be co-facilitated by the principal investigator and key resource persons from the district health directorate Quality of Care teams. Training will cover the rights of adolescents to quality healthcare, classifications of mistreatment, RMC as a concept and the role of professionals in providing RMC. No intervention will occur in the control facilities. Descriptive statistics, logistic regressions and difference in differences analyses will be computed. Qualitative data will be transcribed and thematically analysed.DiscussionThis study is designed to test the success of an intervention in promoting RMC and reducing intra-partum mistreatment towards adolescents. It is expected that the findings of this study will be beneficial in adding to the body of knowledge in improving maternal healthcare and reducing maternal mortality, especially for adolescents.Trial Registry DetailsName of the registry: Pan African Clinical Trials RegistryDate of registration: 9th March, 2020URL of trial registry record: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9837
T cell phenotypes associated with metabolically healthy obesity: Results from the Berlin Aging Study II
Authors: Sbierski-Kind Julia , Goldeck David , Buchmann Nikolaus , Spranger Joachim , Volk Hans-Dieter , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Pawelec Graham , Demuth Ilja , Spira Dominik
Published: July 2020

BackgroundObesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation leading to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but a subset of obese individuals is considered metabolically healthy. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain elusive and clinical studies on the relationship between inflammatory markers and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) are scarce.MethodsIn this cross-sectional analysis, we included a sample of 437 older participants (60–84 years) from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, immune cell subsets were analyzed with multiparameter flow cytometry and systemic cytokine levels were measured. Immune cell parameters were correlated with metabolic measures and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted and adjusted for various demographic and clinical factors.ResultsWe found that frequencies of naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells inversely correlated with measures for insulin sensitivity in the older population. Moreover, the percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher, whereas activated T cells and IL-6 levels were lower in metabolically healthy compared to metabolically unhealthy obese individuals. The percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were predictive for impaired insulin sensitivity (ß=0.16, p = 0.01 and ß=0.11, p = 0.04), and the association of naïve CD4+ T cells with insulin sensitivity persisted after multivariate adjustment (ß=0.14, p = 0.02).ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that parameters of systemic inflammation can differentiate metabolically healthy from metabolically unhealthy obese individuals that are at higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases and may have clinical implications with regard to obesity treatment stratification.Trial registrationDRKS00009277. Registered 31 August 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.base2.mpg.de/de
Hypertension Care Cascade at a Large Urban HIV Clinic in Uganda: A Mixed Methods Study Using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation for Behavior change (COM-B) model
Authors: Muddu Martin , Ssinabulya Isaac , Kigozi Simon P. , Ssennyonjo Rebecca , Ayebare Florence , Katwesigye Rodgers , Mbuliro Mary , Kimera Isaac , Longenecker Chris T. , Kamya Moses R. , Schwartz Jeremy I. , Katahoire Anne R. , Semitala Fred C.
Published: July 2020

Background: Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a high prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases. HTN and HIV care integration is recommended in Uganda, though its implementation has lagged. In this study, we sought to analyze the HTN and HIV care cascades and explore barriers and facilitators of HTN/HIV integration within a large HIV clinic in urban Uganda.Methods: We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed methods study at Mulago ISS clinic in Kampala, Uganda. We determined proportions of patients in HTN and HIV care cascade steps of: Screened, Diagnosed, Initiated on treatment, Retained, and Controlled. Guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behavior (COM-B) model, we then conducted semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with healthcare providers and hypertensive PLHIV (n=45). We coded the qualitative data deductively and analyzed the data thematically categorizing them as themes that influenced HTN care positively or negatively. These denoted barriers and facilitators, respectively.Results: Of 15,953 adult PLHIV, 99.1% were initiated on ART, 89.5% were retained in care and 98.0% achieved control (viral suppression) at one year. All 15,953 (100%) participants were screened for HTN, of whom 24.3% had HTN. HTN treatment initiation, one-year retention, and control were low at 1.0%, 15.4% and 5.0%, respectively. Barriers and facilitators of HTN/HIV integration appeared in all three COM-B domains. Barriers included low patient knowledge of HTN complications, less priority by patients for HTN treatment compared to ART, sub-optimal provider knowledge of HTN treatment, lack of HTN treatment protocols, inadequate supply of anti-hypertensive medicines and lack of HTN care performance targets. Facilitators included patients’ and providers’ interest in HTN/HIV integration, patients’ interest in PLHIV peers support, providers’ knowledge and skills for HTN screening, optimal ART adherence counseling, and availability of automated BP machines. Conclusion: The prevalence of HTN among PLHIV is high, but the HTN care cascade is sub-optimal in this successful HIV clinic. To close these gaps, models of integrated HTN/HIV care are urgently needed. These findings provide a basis for designing contextually appropriate interventions for HTN/HIV integration in Uganda and other low and middle-income countries.
Identification Of Gene Signature For Renal Cell Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Mediating Cancer Progression And Affecting Prognosis
Authors: Liu Bitian , Chen Xiaonan , Zhan Yunhong , Wu Bin , Pan Shen
Published: July 2020

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are most abundant in stroma and are critically involved in cancer progression. However, the specific signature of CAFs and related clinicopathological parameters in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unclear. Methods: In this work, methods using recognized gene signatures were employed to roughly assess the infiltration level of the stroma and CAFs in RCC based on the data in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster transcriptomes and correlate with CAFs to identify specific markers. A comparison of fibroblast versus urothelial carcinoma cell lines and correlation with previously reported CAF markers were performed to demonstrate the specific expressed of the gene signature. The gene signature was used to compare fibroblast infiltration of each sample through single sample gene set enrichment analysis, and the clinical significance of fibroblasts was analyzed via Cox risk assessment and the chi-square test. Finally, we used validation data to verify the clinical significance of the fibroblast gene signature in RCC. Results: Roughly calculated tumor matrix and CAF levels were significantly higher in kidney cancer than in normal tissues. More than 85% of fibroblast-specific markers identified by WGCNA were consistent with markers obtained via single-cell sequencing. These markers were more highly expressed in fibroblast cell lines and were significantly correlated with canonical CAFs makers. Data validation also showed that CAFs were significant correlation with survival and pathological grade. Conclusions: In summary, our findings indicate that the gene signature potentially serves as a biomarker of CAFs in RCC and that infiltration of fibroblasts in RCC is an independent prognostic factor associated with pathological grade and stage of tumor. The ability to recognize specific CAF markers using WGCNA is comparable to single-cell sequencing.
LY3214996 Relieves Acquired Resistance To Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Ma Yongfang , Xu Ruyue , Liu Xueke , Zhang Yinci , Song Li , Qiu XinYing , Cai Shuyu , Zhou Shuping , Xie Yinghai , Li Amin , Cao Weiya , Tang Xiaolong
Published: July 2020

Background: Due to the reactivation of ERK signaling in sorafenib-resisitant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, in this study, the anti-cancer effect of LY3214996 (selective ERK1/2 inhibitor) combined with sorafenib on HCC cells was evaluated. Methods: Phosphorylation of the key kinases in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways were detected using Western blot. Cells proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated in Huh7 and Huh7R cells. Results: LY3214996 significantly reduced phosphorylation levels of the tested kinases of Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways including p-c-Raf, p-P90RSK, p-S6K and p-eIF4EBP1 activated by sorafenib, despite increased p-ERK1/2 levels. It was found that LY3214996 enhanced the anti-proliferation, anti-migration, blocking cell cycle progression and pro-apoptotic effects of sorafenib on Huh7R cells.Conclusions: The reactivation of ERK1/2 might be highly related to molecular mechanism of acquired drug resistance. LY3214996 combined with sorafenib enhanced anti-tumor effects in HCC. Consequently, combined treatment of LY3214996 and sorafenib provides a second-line therapy for acquired resistant in advanced HCC.
Comparison of Dietary Acid Load Score Between Celiac Patients and healthy Population
Authors: Nikniaz Zeinab , Mahdavi Reza , Nikniaz Leila , Shirmohammadi Masood , Sabbagh Mojgan Akhavan
Published: July 2020

Background: Considering the presence of different complications in celiac patients and also limitations of the gluten-free diet (GFD), we intended to assess the diet quality in patients with celiac disease. In this regard, in the present study, we assessed the dietary acid load in adult celiac patients and compare it with that of the healthy population to provide more specific dietary recommendations for celiac patients. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that includes 130 celiac patients and 462 Non-celiac population. The 80-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary data. Based on dietary data, the dietary acid load (DAL), Potential renal net acid load (PRAL), and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were calculated. Results: The mean PRAL value is negative in the celiac group and it was positive in the general population. There was a significant difference in the PRAL score between celiac patients and the general population (p<0.001). The mean NEAP and DAL score were significantly lower in the celiac group compared with the healthy population (P<0.001). There were no significant differences between gluten-free diet adherents and non-adherents regarding the PRAL, NEAP, and DAL values (P>0.05). Conclusion: We showed that the patients with celiac disease had significantly less acidogenic diet compared with that of the general population. Considering the health benefits of a less acidogenic diet, following a gluten-free diet, could have added value to celiac patients and besides the elimination of symptoms, it could also prevent other complications in these patients.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Wenzeli in Chickens (Gallus gallus) in China
Authors: Pan Jing , Ma Chunli , Huang Zhumei , Ye Yulong , Zeng Hongxia , Deng Shuangsheng , Hu Junjie , Tao Jianping
Published: July 2020

Background: There has been considerable confusion concerning the number and classification of Sarcocystis spp. found in chickens. To date, no nucleotide sequences of Sarcocystis spp. from chickens have been provided in GenBank. The present study aimed to investigate the morphological and molecular characteristics of Sarcocystis spp. in chickens in China.Methods: Tissues from 33 chickens were collected in 2019. Sarcocysts were observed using light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Individual sarcocysts from different chickens were selected for DNA extraction, and five loci, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, the ITS-1 region (ITS-1), the mitochondrial cox1 gene (cox1), and the apicoplastic rpoB gene (rpoB), were amplified from each sarcocyst, cloned, sequenced and analyzed.Results: Only S. wenzeli was found in 14 of 33 (42.4%) chickens. Under LM, the sarcocysts were microscopic and exhibited palisade-like villar protrusions measuring 1.5–2.8 μm. The bradyzoites were lancet-shaped, measuring 9.2–12.6 × 1.5–3.5 μm. Ultrastructurally, the sarcocyst wall contained numerous stubby hill-like villar protrusions that were up to 1.2 μm long and 1.0 μm wide. The protrusions included scattered microtubules, which extended from the tips of the protrusions into the ground substance. The intraspecific similarity of the five loci (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-1, cox1, and rpoB) among the newly obtained sequences ranged from 99.8–100%, 99.7–100%, 99.0–99.9%, 100% and 98.9–100%, respectively. The five loci showed different levels of interspecific sequence similarity with closely related species of Sarcocystis (e.g., 99.8%, 99.0–99.2%, 89.3-89.7%, 98.5%, and 97.5%, respectively, with S. anasi). Phylogenetic analysis based on three of the loci (18S rDNA, cox1, and rpoB) revealed that S. wenzeli formed an independent clade with Sarcocystis spp. that employ geese or ducks as intermediate hosts and canines as the known or presumed definitive host.Conclusions: The sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-1, cox1 and rpoB from S. wenzeli reported here constitute the first records of genetic markers of Sarcocystis from chickens made available in GenBank. Based on sequence analysis, ITS-1 and rpoB are more suitable for discriminating S. wenzeli from closely related species of Sarcocystis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. wenzeli presents a close relationship with Sarcocystis spp. from geese or ducks.
Tocilizumab for juvenile Takayasu arteritis complicated with acute heart failure at onset
Authors: Kanamori Keita , Ogura Masao , Ishikura Kenji , Ishiguro Akira , Ito Shuichi
Published: July 2020

Background We encountered a 12-year-old girl with Takayasu arteritis (TA) who developed acute heart failure at onset. There have been few reports of specific treatment for acute heart failure (AHF) in TA. We successfully treated her with intravenous methylprednisolone and tocilizumab. Case presentation The patient developed palpitations and shortness of breath 3 weeks before admission. Her symptoms exacerbated rapidly and she finally entered our hospital intensive care unit due to respiratory distress and tachycardia. Blood pressure values measured on the left arm and bilateral legs were paradoxically lower than values taken on the right arm. Chest X-ray revealed a severely enlarged heart. Contrast computed tomography showed an expanded aorta, aortic aneurysm, meandering, and irregular diameter of the aorta. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 20% on cardiac ultrasound. Laboratory examination suggested acute inflammation and positivity of HLA-B52. Her medical condition was finally diagnosed as TA with AHF. Along with inotropes and diuretics, methylprednisolone pulse therapy was administered for 3 days on the 2nd and 12th hospital day followed by oral prednisolone. Cardiac function was slightly improved. As intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy requires hydration and may exacerbate AHF, we started weekly subcutaneous tocilizumab treatment (162 mg/week) from the 20th hospital day. Inotropes were discontinued on the 51st hospital day and her LVEF had improved to 37.5% on the 63rd day when she was discharged. Conclusions Tocilizumab could be a significant treatment option for acute heart failure in juvenile TA.
Subcutaneous ticks: first report in a golden jackal and further proof for the negativity of non-canid carnivores
Authors: Mechouk Noureddine , Deak Georgiana , Ionica Angela Monica , Ionescu Dan Traian , Chisamera Gabriel Bogdan , Gherman Calin Mircea , Mihalca Andrei Daniel
Published: July 2020

Background: Ticks are hematophagous arthropods which normally attach to the surface of the skin of the host for the blood meal. Their aberrant presence in the subcutaneous tissue of few carnivores, predominantly foxes has been reported. However, there are no reports in other carnivores such as mustelids or golden jackals. Our aim was to investigate and broaden the host spectrum for this aberrant localization of ticks.Methods: Between 2015 and 2020, 198 carnivore carcasses from 12 species have been examined by parasitological necropsy. If subcutaneous ticks were found, the nodules were removed, carefully dissected, and stored in ethanol. The identification of the subcutaneous ticks was carried out at the species level.Results: A single subcutaneous tick was found in one sample, a golden jackal and was identified as a female Ixodes ricinus. All other carcasses were negative for subcutaneous ticks.Conclusion: The present paper represents the first report of a subcutaneous tick in a golden jackal (Canis aureus), extends the host spectrum of this unusual phenomenon and demonstrates to date its presence only in canid carnivores.
Distribution and Appearance of Ki-67, IL-1α, IL-10 and PGP 9.5 in Reinke’s Oedema-affected Larynx Tissue Compared With Control Tissue
Authors: Konopecka Vita , Pilmane Mara , Sumerags Dins , Sumeraga Gunta
Published: July 2020

Background: Reinke’s oedema (benign diffuse swelling of the vocal folds) induced various morphological changes occurs in the superficial lamina propria also known as the Reinke’s space. Smoking, laryngopharyngeal reflux and vocal fold abuse can promote the development of this condition as well as lead to vocal fold dysfunction and injury. Patients with Reinke’s oedema complain of vocal problems. 3,47/1000 is estimation of the general population prevalence of Reinke’s oedema. Investigation of the distribution and appearance of Ki-67, IL-1α, IL-10 and PGP 9.5 in Reinke’s oedema-affected larynx tissue compared with control tissue was the aim of the work.Methods: Routine histological and immunohistochemical analysis were applied for specimens with Reinke’s oedema and the control group. Biotin-streptavidin biochemical method was used for detection of Ki-67, PGP 9,5, IL-10 and IL-1α. Immunoreactive cells appearance local distribution were evaluated using semiquantitative grading method. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using nonparametric statistical methods (Mann Whitney U test and Spearman’s rank coefficient).Results: A high positive correlation was found between IL-1α and PGP 9.5 epithelial immunoreactive cells and between epithelial and subepithelial IL-10 cells in the control group. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed significant differences in immunoreactive markers between the patients and the control group. With exception of PGP 9.5 positive subepithelial nerves, all other examined markers revelated higher number of immunoreactive positive structures in the patient tissue.Conclusions: Intensive proliferation of the surface epithelium was observed in Reinke’s oedema affected larynx tissue. Increased expression of IL-1 α structures is linked to tissue remodulation, inflammation and remodulation. Notable increase in IL-10 positive structures is indicating to the dominant anti-inflammatory tissue response. PGP 9.5 expression increase is involved in the morphopathogenesis of Reinke’s oedema.Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Riga Stradins University, issued on 31-10-2019, No 6-2/2/25.
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Cross-National Study of the Treatment of Consumers and Employees
Authors: Tsalikis John , Seaton Bruce
Published: July 2020

Within a CSR framework, this paper reports on an extensive array of studies that explore consumer and employee issues with businesses in 13 countries, including the United States and countries in Eastern and Western Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East. The relevance of this study is based on the idea that consumer trust and fair treatment of employees are both core components of CSR and vital elements of economic efficiency and satisfaction from both supplier and customer perspectives. The questionnaires included open-ended inquiries which employed the technique of unaided recall, alternatively known as “top of mind” awareness. This method’s strength is that it provides minimum direction to respondents, thus avoiding interviewer bias. The resulting data were examined and classified using the method of content analysis. The results indicate that in Mexico and Argentina most consumer complaints involved price, while in Russia, China, and India consumers complained about aspects of product policy. Only Brazilian consumers registered their major concerns as complaints on service. The complaints about corporate policy focused on the poor treatment of employees. The between-country contrasts were often large; for example, 26% of Japanese respondents expressed concerns about employee issues whereas such complaints were limited to 3% of our Mexican sample. The strength of the current research is the combination of the breadth of the study (13 countries) coupled with the employment of national probability samples. The corresponding limitation stems from the limited depth of inquiry associated with the methodology employed and the inherent complexity of cross-national comparisons. The key implication of the paper is that both customers and employees have numerous complaints regarding the treatment they receive from corporations, but these issues show significant differences between the countries in the sample. In-depth examination of the individual countries is one of several fruitful areas suggested for further research.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Consumer Complaints, Price, Product, Service.
Investigation of Diagnostic Proteins by 2D Electrophoresis in Major Depression Model Induced by Forced Swim Test in Rats
Authors: Duman Tuğçe , Akyüz Enes , Bulut Huri , Koçyiğit Abdurrahim , Tülek Ahmet , Karataş Ersin , Kırpınar İsmet
Published: July 2020

Background:

Aside from its pervasiveness, whereby it affects as much as 20% of the world's population, depression continues to be one of the most crucial psychiatric problems due to the loss of power it causes by disrupting daily life functioning, containing economic consequences, and having a high suicidal tendency. Major depression (MD) is a systemic and multifactorial disorder involving complex interactions between genetic predisposition and disturbances of various molecular pathways.

Objectives:

In our current study, we aimed to identify the proteins obtained from serum samples that change during depression with the MD model.

Methods:

The MD model was applied through the forced swim test in rats. 14 Winstar Albino male rats were divided into two equal groups as follows: depression and control groups. Serum samples were separated by chromatographic methods and then compared with two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis.

Results:

A total of 9 potential diagnostic protein sequences were identified, which were distinguished with computer software. During the last phase of the study, the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization – Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis, the previous expression sequences identified among the groups were determined and classified. By comparing protein expressions, it was concluded that 9 different points could be used together as a potential biomarker.

Conclusion:

Results can help us identify a new diagnostic system that can be used to diagnose MD.
Liquisolid Technology: A State-of-the-Art Review on the Current State, Challenges, New and Emerging Technologies for Next Generation
Authors: Agiba Ahmed M.
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, the focus has been shifted to new technologies for improving drug solubility,
permeability, and bioavailability, amid unprecedentedly increasing the number of newly discovered
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), which are mostly categorized under Biopharmaceutical
Classification System (BCS) as class-II and class IV. Traditional technologies and classical formulation
strategies often fail to address most of the formulation problems associated with new APIs, particularly
solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, exploring new and innovative technologies on an industrial
scale is a prerequisite and requires modernization of manufacturing processes, as well as more advanced
research and development. Liquisolid technology is a new, innovative industrial technology,
particularly designed for either improving the release rates of poorly absorbed drugs or controlling their
release pattern by achieving sustained-release profiles with zero-order release kinetics. Besides, it is a
promising photoprotective system for photosensitive drugs and can further be used for modulating the
drug microenvironmental pH. The next generation of liquisolid systems stems from a set of emerging
technologies, such as liqui-pellet technology, which originates from combining liquisolid technology
with pelletization technique, particularly extrusion-spheronization technique. This review article highlights
the current state of liquisolid technology, ongoing challenges, characterization and applications,
possible future prospects, the advent of new and emerging technologies, and the revolution of the next
generation of liquisolid technology.
High-dose Cholecalciferol Supplementation Reducing Morning Blood Pressure in Normotensive DM1 Patients
Authors: de  Queiroz Natércia Neves  Marques , de  Melo Franciane Trindade  Cunha , de Souza Resende Fabrício , Janaú Luísa Corrêa , de  Souza  Neto Norberto Jorge  Kzan , de Lemos Manuela Nascimento , de Oliveira Maria Clara Neres Iunes , de Alcântara Angélica Leite , de Moraes Lorena Vilhena , da Mota Queiroz Apolone , de Souza Ícaro José Araújo , Said Nivin Mazen , dos  Santos Márcia Costa , de Souza D’Albuquerque Silva Lilian , Motta Ana Regina Bastos , de Sá Oliveira dos Reis Melissa , Lobato Isabel Jane Campos , de Figueiredo Priscila Boaventura Barbosa , de  Souza Ana  Carolina Contente  Braga , Freire  Piani Pedro Paulo , Felício Karem Miléo , Abrahão Neto João Felício , Felício João Soares
Published: July 2020

Background:

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been related to several endocrine metabolic
and cardiovascular diseases. The effect of VD supplementation on blood pressure (BP) in patients with
diabetes is controversial.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate high-dose vitamin D supplementation effects on blood
pressure of normotensive patients with diabetes mellitus 1 (DM1) patients by 24-hour ambulatory blood
pressure monitoring (ABPM).

Methods:

We performed a clinical trial including 35 DM1 normotensive patients, who received doses of
4,000 or 10,000 IU/day of cholecalciferol for 12 weeks according to previous VD levels. They underwent
24-hour ABPM, along with glycated hemoglobin, creatine, lipids profile and PCRus dosage before
and after VD supplementation.

Results:

We found an expressive reduction of systolic and diastolic morning blood pressures (117±14 vs
112±14, p<0,05; 74±9 vs 70±10 mmHg, p<0,05, respectively) with no changes in other pressoric markers.
Besides, we noticed a relationship between levels of VD after supplementation and diastolic morning
blood pressure (r= -0,4; p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Our study suggests an association between supplementation of high doses of vitamin D
and the reduction of morning blood pressure in normotensive DM1 patients.
Wastewater Treatment and Biomedical Applications of Montmorillonite
Based Nanocomposites: A Review
Authors: Bhat Aabid Hussain , Rangreez Tauseef Ahmad , Inamuddin  , Chisti Hamida-Tun-Nisa
Published: July 2020

Background::

Rapid industrialisation, population growth and technological race worldwide have brought adverse
consequences on water resources and as a result affect human health. Toxic metal ions, non-biodegradable dyes, organic
pollutants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals are among the chief hazardous materials released into the water bodies from various
sources. These hazardous contaminants drastically affect the flora and fauna globally leading to health deterioration there
by giving rise to new biomedical challenges.

Hypothesis::

Montmorillonite based nanocomposites (MMTCs) have drawn an attention of the researchers to design
environmental friendly, advanced and hygienic nanocomposites for wastewater treatment and biomedical purposes.
Montmorillonite clay possesses peculiar physical and chemical properties that include enhanced surface reactivity, improved
rheological performance, exorbitant miscibility in water due to which it shows highly favourable interactions with polymers,
drugs, metals, mixed metals and metal oxides leading to the fabrication of different types of advanced montmorillonite
based nanocomposites that have remarkable applications

Methodology::

Here we review the structural characteristics of montmorillonite clay, advances in the synthetic techniques
involved in the fabrication of montmorillonite nanocomposites, their applications in waste water treatment and in bio
medical field. The recently developed montmorillonite nanocomposites for (1) waste water treatment as nano-adsorbents
for the elimination of toxic inorganic species such as metal ions and heterogeneous photo-catalysts for photo degradation
of dyes, pesticides and pharmaceuticals (2) biomedical utilization viz drug delivery, wound amelioration, bone cement,
tissue engineering etc. are presented

Conclusion::

The review exclusively focuses on recent research on montmorillonite based nanocomposites and their
application in wastewater treatment and in biomedical field
Ultrafiltration-based Sample Preparation for Pharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: Çelebier Mustafa
Published: July 2020

Pharmaceutical analysis plays an important role in all steps of drug development processes. Analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients in biological samples needs sample preparation techniques to prevent the signal of the analyte from interferences coming from matrix components. Ultrafiltration is a well-known technique used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Commercial ultrafiltration devices have been frequently used on proteomics and metabolomics studies for sample preparation. In pharmaceutical analysis, these devices have been employed to analyze the free concentration of drugs in biological fluids after filtration. However, they have been rarely used to determine the total concentration of targeted compounds when it is compared with some other common sample preparation techniques. Ultrafiltration-based sample preparation might be used to clean-up the sample easily from matrix components especially on bioanalysis performed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the case of using protein precipitation agents on filtration procedure, the quantitative recovery of this non-selective unique technique is competitive with solid-phase extraction.
Eco-friendly Spectrophotometric Methods for Assessment of Alfuzosin and Solifenacin in their new Pharmaceutical Formulation; Green Profile Evaluation via Eco-scale and GAPI Tools
Authors: Tantawy Mahmoud A. , Weshahy Soheir A. , Wadie Mina , Rezk Mamdouh R.
Published: July 2020

Background::

Alfuzosin is recently co-formulated with solifenacin for relieving two coincident urological diseases, namely; benign prostate hyperplasia and overactive bladder.

Objective::

Herein, green, simple and rapid spectrophotometric methods were firstly developed for simultaneous determination of the two cited drugs in their co-formulated pharmaceutical capsule

Methods::

Alfuzosin, which is the major component in the dosage form, was directly assayed at its extended wavelength at 330.0 nm. The challenging spectrum of the minor component, solifenacin, was resolved by five spectrophotometric methods, namely; Dual Wavelength (DW) at 210.0 & 230.0 nm, first derivative (1D) at 222.0 nm, Ratio Difference (RD) at 217.0 - 271.0 nm , derivative ratio (1DD) at 223.0 and mean centering of ratio spectra (MC) at 217.0 nm.

Results::

The proposed methods were successfully validated as per ICH guidelines. Alfuzosin showed linearity over the range of 4.0 - 70.0 μg/mL, while that of solifenacin were 4.0 - 50.0 μg/mL for DW, 2.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for1D and RD methods, 1.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for1DD and 4.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for MC method. Statistical comparison with their official ones showed no noticeable differences. The methods showed good applicability for assaying drugs in their newly combination. Besides the eco-scale, the greenness profile of the methods was assessed and compared with the reported spectrophotometric one via the newest metric tool; Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI).

Conclusions::

The proposed methods are superior in not only being smart, accurate, selective, robust and time-saving, but also in using distilled water as an eco-friendly and cheap solvent.
Challenges in the Management of Pregnancy and Lactation Associated Osteoporosis: Literature Review and Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Bo , Kong Lingbo , Hao Dingjun
Published: July 2020

Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare and special form of osteoporosis,
which is poorly known with regard to its etiology, pathophysiology and therapy. However,
PLO can cause vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and height loss, which could cause
further kyphosis of the spine. Therefore, PLO should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis
when a woman presents with severe back pain during or after pregnancy. In our current
study, we reviewed the novel literatures that demonstrate the current understanding of and treatment
for PLO. In addition, we retrospectively studied four patients who suffered from back pain
and VCFs during or after pregnancy. We also examine their clinical medicine treatment methods
and outcomes in order to provide evidence for a better understanding of PLO and its relevant medical
treatment.
PTSD and Burnout are Related to Lifetime Mood Spectrum in Emergency Healthcare Operator
Authors: Carmassi Claudia , Bertelloni Carlo Antonio , Avella Maria Teresa , Cremone Ivan , Massimetti Enrico , Corsi Martina , Dell’Osso Liliana
Published: July 2020

Background:

PTSD and burnout are frequent conditions among emergency healthcare personnel because exposed to repeated traumatic working experiences. Increasing evidence suggests high comorbidity between PTSD and mood symptoms, particularly depression, although the real nature of this relationship still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between PTSD, burnout and lifetime mood spectrum, assessed by a specific scale, among health-care professionals of a major University Hospital in Italy.

Methods:

N=110 Emergency Unit workers of the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (Pisa, Italy) were assessed by the TALS-SR, MOODS-SR lifetime version and the ProQOL R-IV.

Results:

Approximately 60% of participants met at least one PTSD symptom criterion (criterion B, 63.4%; criterion C, 40.2%; criterion D 29.3%; criterion E, 26.8%), according to DSM-5 diagnosis. Almost sixteen percent of the sample reported a full symptomatic DSM-5 PTSD (work-related) diagnosis, and these showed significantly higher scores in all MOODS-SR depressive domains, as well as in the rhythmicity domain, compared with workers without PTSD. Further, mood-depressive and cognition-depressive MOODS-SR domains resulted to be predictive for PTSD. Significant correlations emerged between either PTSD diagnosis and criteria or ProQOL subscales and all the MOOD-SR domains.

Conclusion:

A significant association emerged among PTSD, burnout and lifetime MOOD Spectrum, particularly the depressive component, in emergency health care operators, suggesting this population should be considered at-risk and undergo regular screenings for depression and PTSD.