bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FICZ activating AHR protects against intestinal injury in mice with DSS-induced colitis by regulating intestinal flora and metabolism
Authors: Yin Liping , Jiang Linxin , Zhou Ziyang , Zhao Jinying , Tang Jianguo , Wang Zetian
Published: March 2023

Background: Aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AHR) are widely expressed in the intestinal barrier and play a regulatory role in intestinal inflammation and immunity.
Objectives: In this study, a dextran sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was established to detect the effects of AHR activation on the intestinal barrier, flora, and metabolites.
Design: The mice were randomly divided into three groups: Control group, DSS group, and DSS- formylindole (3,2-b) carbazole (FICZ) group. The Control group accepted sterile distilled water, the DSS group received 3%DSS, and the DSS-FICZ group were provided 3% of DSS and intraperitoneal injection of FICZ (1ug / mouse / day).
Methods: The mental state and the fecal traits were observed, the basic living characteristic occult blood and inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum were detected. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota and metabolite analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC–MS metabolomics.
Results: AHR activation significantly improved the degree of colon shortening in DSS-induced colitis mice, reduced the degree of intestinal mucosal barrier damage, the production of inflammatory factors, and the intestinal epithelial permeability, and increased the tight junction protein expression. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing found that, compared with the DSS group, the abundance of Desulfobacterota was up-regulated in the DSS-FICZ group, and the abundance of Proteobacteria was down-regulated at the phylum level. At the genus level, Escherichia-Shigella was down-regulated, Clostridia _ UCG-014, Alistipes, andParabacteroides were up-regulated. At the species level, Escherichia _ coli _ g _ Escherichia-Shigella，Bacteroides _ sartorii _ g _ Bacteroides，Paeniclostridium _ sordellii _ g _ Paeniclostridium and Clostridium _ perfringens _ g _ Clostridium _ sensu _ stricto _ 1 were down-regulated; Bacteroides _ dorei _ g _ Bacteroides was up-regulated, Helicobacter _ hepaticus _ g _ Helicobacter, and Bacteroides _ caecimuris _ g _ Bacteroides was up-regulated, Parabacteroides _ distasonis _ g _ Parabacteroides were down-regulated. LC-MS metabolomics detection revealed that there were differences in a variety of intestinal contents between DSS group and DSS-FICZ group, which was mainly related to histidine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and steroid biosynthesis.
Conclusion: The activation of AHR can protect against intestinal injury in mice with DSS-induced colitis by regulating intestinal flora and metabolism.
A proposal for an operational methodology to assist the ranking-aggregation problem in manufacturing
Authors: Franceschini Fiorenzo , Maisano Domenico A. , Mastrogiacomo Luca
Published: March 2023

Ranking aggregation is an ancient problem with some characteristic elements: a number of experts, who individually rank a set of objects according to a certain (subjective) attribute, and the need to aggregate the resulting expert rankings into a collective judgment. Although this problem is traditionally very popular in fields such as social choice, psychometrics, and economics, it can also have several interesting applications in manufacturing, e.g., for customer-oriented design, reliability engineering, production management, etc. Through a case study related to cobot-assisted manual (dis)assembly, the paper illustrates an operational methodology and various useful tools that assist in tackling the problem practically, effectively, and with a critical mind. The most relevant proposed tools assist in estimating the degree of concordanceamong experts, the collective judgment’s consistency and robustness. The paper is aimed at scientists and practitioners in manufacturing.
Roles of human periodontal ligament stem cells in osteogenesis and inflammation in periodontitis models: effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3
Authors: Wang Jing-jiao , Zhang Cheng-lei , Guo Xiao-qian , Yang Chang-yi
Published: March 2023

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused byPorphyromonas gingivalisand other bacteria, and human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are a promising candidate for the treatment of periodontal supporting tissue defects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2VitD3] on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in anin vitroperiodontitis model and whether it can improve inflammatory status. hPDLSCs werein vitroisolated and identified. After treatment with 1,25(OH)2VitD3and ultrapure purePorphyromonas gingivalislipopolysaccharide (LPS-G), the viability of hPDLSCs was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8, the expressions of osteogenic markers and inflammatory genes using Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), the levels of inflammatory factors in cells using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the fluorescence signal intensity of osteoblastic markers and inflammatory genes in cells using immunofluorescence assay. It was found that 1,25(OH)2VitD3reversed the inhibition of hPDLSCs proliferation by LPS-G; LPS-G exhibited inhibitory effect on ALP, Runx2, and OPN expressions, and such inhibitory effect was significantly weakened when co-acting with 1,25(OH)2VitD3. Meanwhile, LPS-G upregulated the expressions of inflammatory genes IL-1β and Casp1, whereas 1,25(OH)2VitD3antagonized such an effect and improved the inflammatory status. In conclusion, 1,25(OH)2VitD3can reverse the inhibitory effect of LPS-G on hPDLSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation and suppress LPS-G-induced upregulation of inflammatory gene expressions.
Characteristics of Comorbid Physical Disease in Patients with Severe Mental Illness in South Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study (2014-2019)
Authors: Na Eun Jin , Lee JungSun , Sohn Jee Hoon , Yang Mi , Park Yoomi , Sim Hyun-Bo , Lee Hae-woo
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the associations of chronic physical disease between patients with severe mental illness and the general population of South Korea.
Methods: This study was conducted with National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) data from 2014 to 2019. A total of 842,459 people were diagnosed with severe mental illness (SMI) in this period, and the same number of controls were established by matching by sex and age. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the sociodemographic characteristics of patients with SMI. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the associations between comorbid physical disease in patients with SMI and those of the general population. SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1 (SAS, Inc, Cary, NC) were used to perform all statistical tests.
Result: The analysis revealed significant differences in medical insurance, income level, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) weighted by chronic physical disease, between patients with severe mental illness and the general population. Conditional logistic regression analysis between the two groups also revealed significant differences in all nine chronic physical diseases.
Conclusions: The study found that people with severe mental illness had more chronic comorbid physical diseases than the general population. Therefore, people with severe mental illness have a reduced quality of life and a higher risk of excess mortality.
Study on coastal sediment budget imbalance in cells resulted from land cover change in the savanna desertification area, west Hainan Island (China)
Authors: Luo Shilong , Jin Ruifang , Wang Jiaxin , Wang Xinhao , Huang Manyu , Peng Mengjiao , Xu Shuolei , Zhao Ruolin
Published: March 2023

Based on the superior natural environment of the coastal zone, the construction of the coastal zone has developed rapidly in recent years. In order to better adapt to the coastal zone and protect the coastal zone resources, we need to fully understand the sedimentary dynamic environment of the coastal zone, so this study was carried out. In this paper, the data of geographical environment and climatic factors in the study area are collected. Field observation was carried out in the study area, with satellite image analysis and software simulation, detailed studies were made on the evolution process of the shoreline, the stability of the shoreline and the sediment level in the last 20 years. On this basis, the conceptual model of sediment transport is presented, and the coastal dune can be used as a transport engine to drive sediment migration between coastal cells and maintain the stable development of the coastal area. Under the same dynamic conditions, once the engine is turned off, such as forest replacing natural coastal dunes, the sediment transport path is blocked, which will cause accretion of the upstream flank and erosion of the downstream flank. Human beings tend to change the natural environment for their own interests, and the feedback mechanism of the natural environment is often characterized by hysteresis effect, which is not worth the loss in the long run. We should respect nature and reduce unnecessary environmental damage.
Lactational exposure of human infants to metal (loid)s: A comparison of industrial and urban inhabitants in north of the Persian Gulf
Authors: Amiri Leila , Doroodzani Atefeh Khalili , Ostovar Afshin , Dobaradaran Sina , Mohammadi Azam , Nabipour Iraj , Raeisi Alireza , Malekizadeh Hasan , Farhadi Akram , Saeedi Reza , Afrashteh Sima , Nazmara Shahrokh , Keshtkar Mozhgan
Published: March 2023

In this study, postnatal metal (loid)s (MLs) exposure was compared between the petrochemical and gas area of Asaluyeh (PGA) and urban area of Kaki (UA) in Bushehr province, Iran. Two hundred human breast milk (BM) samples from the industrial and urban areas were analyzed for MLs using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Boron (B), cooper (Cu), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) were found at the highest levels in both study areas. Adjusted multiple linear regression models revealed that the mean concentration of total MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA was statistically significantly greater than that of the UA (655.85 vs. 338.17 µg/L). Also, the mean concentrations of all detected MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA were statistically significantly higher than those collected from the UA. The hazard index (HI) of combined MLs in the PGA and UA illustrated non-cancer risk for infants. Lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in the PGA and Cr in the UA showed the risk of cancer. So it can be concluded that nursing infants from an industrial area are most at risk for MLs exposure during entire lactation course than those from an urban area.
Kaempferol attenuates gouty arthritis by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells and secretion of IL-17
Authors: Li Nan , Chen Shulin , Deng Weiqing , Gong Zhaohui , Zeng Shan , Guo Yu , Xu Qiang
Published: March 2023

Background
Kaempferol is a common flavonoid aglycone widely found in plants. It exhibits beneficial therapeutic effects in the treatment of arthritis. However, the effects of kaempferol on gouty arthritis (GA) have not been verified. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms by which kaempferol regulates GA by network pharmacology and experimental validation.
Methods
Potential drug targets for GA were identified with a protein–protein interaction network. Then, we performed a KEGG pathway analysis to elucidate the major pathway involved in the kaempferol-mediated treatment of GA. In addition, the molecular docking was performed. A rat model of GA was constructed to verify the results of network pharmacology analysis and investigate the mechanism of kaempferol against GA.
Results
The network pharmacology study indicated that there were 275 common targets of kaempferol and GA treatment. Kaempferol exerted therapeutic effects on GA, in part, by regulating the IL-17, AGE-RAGE, p53, TNF, and FoxO signalling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that kaempferol stably docked with the core MMP9, ALB, CASP3, TNF, VEGFA, CCL2, CXCL8, AKT1, JUN and INS. Experimental validation suggested that kaempferol eased MSU-induced mechanical allodynia, ankle oedema and inflammation. It significantly suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1. Kaempferol also restored IL-6-induced Th17/Treg imbalance and affected RORγt and Foxp3 through IL-17 pathway.
Conclusion
The present study clarifies the mechanism of kaempferol against GA and provides evidence to support its clinical use.
Road mortality of water snakes in active versus protected floodplains in light of landscape structure and traffic volume in north-eastern Hungary
Authors: Szabolcs Márton , Mizsei Edvárd , Zsólyomi Tamás , Mester Béla , Lengyel Szabolcs
Published: March 2023

Flood protection measures can have large impacts on ecosystems and their biodiversity, yet direct comparisons of active and inactive floodplains are rare. We compared the number of roadkilled individuals of two semiaquatic water snakes (Natrix natrix and N. tessellata) on 58 km of road sections bordered either by an active floodplain or a flood-protected former floodplain in NE Hungary based on surveys conducted once every two weeks in three years. We found unexpectedly high road mortality of snakes, which was rather similar across years. Mortality had a spring and an autumn peak, corresponding to the times when snakes emerge from and return to hibernating sites. Road mortality was more severe and more predictable in the flooded than in the flood-protected area, even though traffic was more intense in the latter. Our results show that small-scale spatial differences in road mortality are mediated by landscape structure along the road, while the effects of traffic intensity and the age and sex of the individuals were negligible. For conservation implications, our study suggests that establishing culvert passages under the road and artificial hibernating sites on the floodplain-side of the roads in critical sections to reduce the road-related mortality.
Effect of multimedia teaching tools in parental anxiety and comprehension of informed consent procedure in pediatric surgical procedures
Authors: Shreyas K , Jadhav Avinash , Goel Akhil , Pathak Manish , Nayak Shubhalaxmi , Rathod Kirtikumar , Saxena Rahul , Sinha Arvind
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Informed consent is an essential component of medical ethics. A number of adjuncts have been developed to supplement the consent process, which includes informational pamphlets, and multimedia tools such as interactive apps and videos. Unfortunately, there is little information regarding the use of Multimedia tools in pediatric settings in the developing world. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of Multimedia tool-assisted versus the conventional consenting method on parental anxiety and their comprehension of surgical procedures.
Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted between 2018-2020, including MMT and conventional groups. A novel Multimedia tool with Microsoft PowerPoint presentation was created. A 5-Question knowledge-based test, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) tool, and a Likert-based questionnaire were used to assess the comprehension, anxiety, and satisfaction of parents.
Results: Among 122 randomized cohorts, the mean value of percentage fall in anxiety STAI score in the MMT group was 44.64 ± 10.14 whereas in the Conventional group it was 26.6 ± 11.91 (p<0.05). MMT cohort scored higher in the knowledge-based test (p<0.05) and recorded higher parental satisfaction.
Conclusion: The Multimedia tool aided consent procedure is effective in reducing parental anxiety and improving their comprehension and overall satisfaction. Thus, they can be used as an effective supplement in preoperative surgical education and consent procedure.
HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma proto-oncogene), the prognostic cancer biomarker: Phylogenetic and proteomic analyses across 32 primates
Authors: Lim Leonard Whye Kit
Published: March 2023

HRAS protein is indispensable cell division regulator, mutated HRAS gene can lead to unregulated cell growth and subsequently cause cancer. In this study, we assembled all 32 complete primate HRAS proteins from the public GenBank database and further characterized them from phylogenetic and proteomic angles. The New World primate HRAS proteins were unravelled to be very greatly conserved in terms of amino acid length, molecular weight and isoelectric point. Motif distribution and predicted protein modelling of all primate HRAS proteins exhibited non-distinctive features. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree unearthed two main clades, with seven protein members housing the minor clade. The data produced from this study can channel clues to combat HRAS-related cancers in the future.
Research of methods for determining dynamic stress of the bars in the main structure of gantry crane installed on the cap of bridge pier to serve installation of Super-T girder
Authors: Thanh Danh Bui , Van Cuong Nguyen
Published: March 2023

The article presents briefly findings in researching methods for determining dynamic stress of the bars in the main structure of gantry crane installed on the cap of bridge pier to install and launch SUPER-T girder. In order to study the dynamic stresses in the bars of the main truss structure of the gantry, the author first had to build a dynamic model, using Matlap software to solve the problem of dynamics with two cases cargo lowering combination combines braking and moving of gantry with cargo to find out the rules and values of dynamic cable tension, dynamic inertial force ( time-varying force), then consider these forces is the external force acting on the main truss structure model of the gantry, from which the author calculates the value of internal force and stress of each bar corresponding to the value of dynamic cable tension and corresponding dynamic inertia force. with two adverse working cases of the gantry. Using Matlap software to calculate the author has obtained a graph of internal force, stress changes over time of each bar in the main truss steel structure of the gantry. The findings of the research provided methods for determining the dynamic stress of the bars in the main structure of gantry crane, pointed out values and rules of change of the dynamic stress of the bars in the main structure of gantry crane. The findings of the research may be used to calculate fatigue, life-span of the main steel structures as well as other parts of the gantry crane
Study of the influence of thermobaric conditions on the rheological characteristics of plugging solutions for insulation works
Authors: Sudaba Novruzova , Aliyev Inglab , Ahmad Fariz
Published: March 2023

Since most of the fields in the Absheron peninsula of the Republic of Azerbaijan are at the final stage of development, an inevitable reduction in hydrocarbon production is expected. An increase in the proportion of formation water in well production, the presence of intra-reservoir, annulus and other cross-flows in this region, in most cases, is associated with inefficient isolation work.

The development of effective recipes for cement slurries with controlled rheological properties is relevant. Natural zeolite was used as an additive to control the rheological properties of cement slurries. A feature of zeolites is the presence of a system of regular channels and communicating cavities capable of holding ions, atoms and molecules of substances, whose size corresponds to the size of free space.

Zeolite (clinoptilolite) has the following properties: adsorption ‒ the ability to absorb and release various substances; ion exchange ‒ the ability to exchange cations; catalytic ‒ the ability to speed up chemical reactions. In addition, clinoptilolite has a molecular sieve effect that transmits (filtration) and absorbs molecules of various substances selectively. In the course of experiments, the effects of zeolite dispersions on the physicochemical parameters of cement stone were studied. When regulating the rheological properties of cement slurries with zeolite additives, it is necessary to determine the effect of thermobaric factors on the values of these properties. In studies to assess the effect of temperature on the rheological properties of zeolite-cement mortars, they were carried out for the temperature range of 25÷75 ℃
Aksanlı Sinemada Yersiz Yurtsuzlar: Küçük Filistin (Kuşatma Günlüğü) (2021)
Authors: Şeylan Seher
Published: March 2023

Kişisel ve kolektif yaşanmışlıklardan beslenen sinema, yerinden yurdundan edilmenin bir anlamda köklerinden koparılmanın hikayesini Aksanlı sinema çerçevesinde perdeye aktarmaktadır. Aksanlı olma hali karakterin köklerinden koparılarak yerinden edilmişliğine vurgulamaktadır. Üçüncü sinema içinde yer alan ulus aşırı sinemanın gelişmiş hali olan Aksanlı sinema yönetmenin, yazarın hayatından da izler taşımaktadır. Bu yönetmenler filmlerinde kendi deneyimlerinden bahsettikleri gibi, benzer deneyimleri paylaştıkları hikayeleri de işlemektedirler. Bu deneyimlerin başında ev-in kök-ün kaybı ile başlayan yersiz yurtsuzluk gelmektedir. Yersiz yurtsuz kalanların çıktığı yolculuk çoğu zaman eve geri dönmenin çoğu zaman imkansız hale geldiği sürgen yaşantısına dönmektedir. Bu süreç kişiyi bitmeyen bir yolculuğun öznesi haline getirirken, köklerden kopartılmış olmanın karmaşık duygusu Aksanlı filmlerde bitmeyen bir yol hikayesi olarak yer bulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda mekânsal yitimle beraber yersiz yurtsuzluk etkileşimi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşitli sebeplerden ötürü ana vatanı terk etmek zorunluluğunun ve yersiz yurtsuzlaşmanın etkinlerinin Aksanlı sinemada yer alış biçimini irdelemektedir. Bu amaçla, Küçük Filistin (Kuşatma Günlüğü) (Abdallah Al-Khatib,2021) belgeseli yersiz yurtsuzlaşma kavramı çerçevesinde analiz edilecektir.
Characterization of Influenza-Like Illness Burden Using Commercial Wearable Sensor Data and Patient-Reported Outcomes: Mixed Methods Cohort Study
Authors: Hunter Victoria , Shapiro Allison , Chawla Devika , Drawnel Faye , Ramirez Ernesto , Phillips Elizabeth , Tadesse-Bell Sara , Foschini Luca , Ukachukwu Vincent
Published: March 2023

Background

The burden of influenza-like illness (ILI) is typically estimated via hospitalizations and deaths. However, ILI-associated morbidity that does not require hospitalization remains poorly characterized.

Objective

The main objective of this study was to characterize ILI burden using commercial wearable sensor data and investigate the extent to which these data correlate with self-reported illness severity and duration. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether ILI-associated changes in wearable sensor data differed between care-seeking and non–care-seeking populations as well as between those with confirmed influenza infection and those with ILI symptoms only.

Methods

This study comprised participants enrolled in either the FluStudy2020 or the Home Testing of Respiratory Illness (HTRI) study; both studies were similar in design and conducted between December 2019 and October 2020 in the United States. The participants self-reported ILI-related symptoms and health care–seeking behaviors via daily, biweekly, and monthly surveys. Wearable sensor data were recorded for 120 and 150 days for FluStudy2020 and HTRI, respectively. The following features were assessed: total daily steps, active time (time spent with >50 steps per minute), sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and resting heart rate. ILI-related changes in wearable sensor data were compared between the participants who sought health care and those who did not and between the participants who tested positive for influenza and those with symptoms only. Correlative analyses were performed between wearable sensor data and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

After combining the FluStudy2020 and HTRI data sets, the final ILI population comprised 2435 participants. Compared with healthy days (baseline), the participants with ILI exhibited significantly reduced total daily steps, active time, and sleep efficiency as well as increased sleep duration and resting heart rate. Deviations from baseline typically began before symptom onset and were greater in the participants who sought health care than in those who did not and greater in the participants who tested positive for influenza than in those with symptoms only. During an ILI event, changes in wearable sensor data consistently varied with those in patient-reported outcomes.

Conclusions

Our results underscore the potential of wearable sensors to discriminate not only between individuals with and without influenza infections but also between care-seeking and non–care-seeking populations, which may have future application in health care resource planning.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04245800; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04245800
Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Association Between Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Alcohol Intake During Pregnancy: Multisite Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Oh Sarah Soyeon , Kang Bada , Park Jewel , Kim SangMin , Park Eun-Cheol , Lee Seung Hee , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: March 2023

Background

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with a range of adverse birth-related outcomes, including stillbirth, low birth weight, preterm birth, and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). With more than 10% of women consuming alcohol during pregnancy worldwide, it is increasingly important to understand how racial/ethnic variations affect FAS onset. However, whether race and ethnicity inform FAS risk assessment when daily ethanol intake is controlled for remains unknown.

Objective

This study aimed to assess racial/ethnic disparities in FAS risk associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Methods

We used data from a longitudinal cohort study (the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders) at 5 hospital sites around the United States of 595 women who consumed alcohol during pregnancy from 2007 to 2017. Questionnaires, in-person interviews, and reviews of medical, legal, and social service records were used to gather data on average alcoholic content (AAC) during pregnancy. Self-reports of maternal race (American Indian/Alaska Native [AI/AN], Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Black or African American, White, more than one race, and other) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino or not Hispanic/Latino), as well as FAS diagnoses based on standardized dysmorphological criteria, were used for analysis. Log-binomial regression was used to examine the risk of FAS associated with each 1-gram increase in ethanol consumption during pregnancy, stratified by race/ethnicity.

Results

A total of 3.4% (20/595) of women who reported consuming alcohol during pregnancy gave birth to a baby with FAS. Women who gave birth to a baby with FAS had a mean AAC of 32.06 (SD 9.09) grams, which was higher than that of women who did not give birth to a baby with FAS (mean 12.07, SD 15.87 grams). AI/AN mothers with FAS babies had the highest AAC (mean 42.62, SD 8.35 grams), followed by White (mean 30.13, SD 4.88 grams) and Black mothers (mean 27.05, SD 12.78 grams). White (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.19), Black (PR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23), and AI/AN (PR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.21) mothers had 10% to 13% increased odds of giving birth to a baby with FAS given the same exposure to alcohol during pregnancy. Regardless of race, a 1-gram increase in AAC resulted in a 4% increase (PR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.07) in the chance of giving birth to a baby with ≥2 facial anomalies (ie, short palpebral fissures, thin vermilion border of the upper lip, and smooth philtrum) and a 4% increase (PR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07) in the chance of deficient brain growth.

Conclusions

The risk of delivering a baby with FAS was comparable among White, Black, and AI/AN women at similar levels of drinking during pregnancy. Regardless of race, a 1-gram increase in AAC resulted in increased odds of giving birth to a baby with facial anomalies or deficient brain growth.
Selfie-Related Incidents: Narrative Review and Media Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Cornell Samuel , Brander Robert , Peden Amy
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Selfie-related injury has become a public health concern amid the near ubiquitous use of smartphones and social media apps. Of particular concern are selfie-related deaths at aquatic locations; areas often frequented because of their photogenic allure. Unfortunately, such places exhibit hazards inherent with their environment.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to ascertain current evidence regarding selfie-related injuries and recommended risk treatment measures in the academic literature as well as how selfie-related injuries and deaths were being reported by the media, allowing us to identify key challenges facing land managers and public health practitioners in mitigating selfie-related injuries and deaths.

METHODS

Between October and December 2022, we performed a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published since January 2011. Literature was screened to identify causal factors implicated in selfie-related deaths and injuries, as well as risk treatments recommended. Furthermore, we used an environmental scan methodology to search for media reports of selfie-related injuries and deaths at aquatic locations in Australia and the United States. Individual cases of selfie-related aquatic injuries and deaths sourced from news reports were analyzed to assess epidemiological characteristics, and a thematic content analysis was conducted to identify key themes of news reporting on selfie-related deaths and injuries.

RESULTS

In total, 5 peer-reviewed studies were included. Four studies identified falls from height as the most common injury mechanism in selfie incidents. Drowning was the second most common cause of death. Recommended risk treatments were limited but included the adoption of “no selfie zones,” physical barriers, signage, and provision of information on dangerous locations to social media users. In total, 12 cases were identified from media reports (4 injuries and 8 fatalities; 7 in Australia and 5 in the United States). The mean age of the reported victims was 22.1 (SD 6.93) years with victims more likely to be female tourists. Content analysis revealed 3 key themes from media reports: “blame,” “warning,” and “prevention and education.” Few media reports (n=8) provided safety recommendations.

CONCLUSIONS

The selfie-related incident phenomenon should be viewed as a public health problem that requires a public health risk communication response. To date, little attention has been paid to averting selfie-related incidents through behavior change methodologies or direct messaging to users, including through social media apps. Although previous research has recommended “no selfie zones,” barriers, and signage as ways to prevent selfie incidents, our results suggest this may not be enough, and it may be prudent to also engage in direct safety messaging to social media users. Media reporting of selfie incidents should focus on preventive messaging rather than blame or warning.
Immigrant, Refugee, and Indigenous Canadians’ Experiences With Virtual Health Care Services: Rapid Review (Preprint)
Authors: MacPherson Megan
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

The remote, dispersed, and multicultural population of Canada presents unique challenges for health care services. Currently, virtual care solutions are being offered as an innovative solution to improve access to care.

OBJECTIVE

Given the inequities in health care access faced by immigrant, refugee, and Indigenous Canadians, this review aimed to summarize information obtained from original research regarding these people’s experiences with virtual care services in Canada.

METHODS

We conducted a rapid review following published recommendations. MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched for studies relating to virtual care and Canadian immigrants, refugees, or Indigenous peoples. Peer-reviewed articles of any type were included so long as they included information on the experiences of virtual care service delivery in Canada among the abovementioned groups.

RESULTS

This review demonstrates an extreme paucity of evidence examining the experiences of immigrant, refugee, and Indigenous groups with virtual care in Canada. Of the 694 publications screened, 8 were included in this review. A total of 2 studies focused on immigrants and refugees in Canada, with the remaining studies focusing on Indigenous communities. Results demonstrate that virtual care is generally accepted within these communities; however, cultural appropriateness or safety and inequitable access to wireless services in certain communities were among the most cited barriers.

CONCLUSIONS

Little evidence exists outlining immigrants’, refugees’, and Indigenous peoples’ perspectives on the landscape of virtual care in Canada. The development of virtual care programming should take into consideration the barriers, facilitators, and recommendations outlined in this review to improve equitable access. Further, developers should consult with local community members to ensure the appropriateness of services for immigrant, refugee, and Indigenous communities in Canada.
Artrópodos asociados a Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. (Bromeliaceae) en ambientes semiáridos del municipio de Tecozautla, Hidalgo, México
Authors: Luna-Castañeda Yesica Alejandra , Cedillo-López Samantha Nataly , Martínez-Pérez Cruz Eduardo , Contreras-Muñoz Elena Alexandra , Peña-Becerril Juan Carlos
Published: March 2023

Las bromelias epífitas albergan en su interior una variedad de microambientes y de recursos para los artrópodos, convirtiéndose en importantes sitios de biodiversidad. En este trabajo se determinó la diversidad de los artrópodos asociados a la bromelia Tillandsia recurvata en tres localidades del municipio de Tecozautla, Hidalgo, México. En la temporada de secas se colectaron 112 ejemplares de T. recurvata en las plantas (forofito) de las especies: Acacia schaffneri, Myrtillocactus geometrizans, Bursera fagoroides y Prosopis laevigata. De cada epífita se extrajeron los artrópodos y cada morfoespecie se determinó taxonómicamente a nivel de orden y familia; por forofito se evaluó la riqueza específica, la diversidad y el número esperado de especies. La mayoría de las especies colectadas son de los órdenes Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera y Hemiptera. La mayor riqueza se presentó en las bromelias del forofito P. laevigata y una diversidad mayor en el forofito M. geometrizans. En todos los forofitos, el número esperado de especies fue mayor al encontrado. En T. recurvata se forma un microambiente propicio para la presencia de los artrópodos, ya sea como refugio o bien para conseguir alimento. Los resultados establecen la posible influencia de los forofitos en la diversidad de las especies de artrópodos en T. recurvata.
Algoritmo y discriminación
Authors: Calvo Gallegos Francisco Javier
Published: March 2023

El imparable uso de la Inteligencia Artificial supone ciertamente enormes ventajas y oportunidades, pero también muy importantes riesgos. El principal de ellos, y ya constatado, es el de ocultar o incluso intensificar discriminaciones. Este trabajo pretende analizar, a la espera de una posible regulación europea —anunciada una vez cerrado este trabajo—, sus causas, así como los problemas que plantea la posible aplicación normativa antidiscriminatoria y el importante papel al que está llamada la regulación europea de protección de datos. El estudio se cierra destacando la necesidad de una intervención multidimensional, que evite no sólo las posibles desigualdades y exclusiones sociales motivadas por su aplicación, sino que también garantice una IA segura, ética y robusta, con el apoyo de la responsabilidad social de las empresas.
La discriminación por razones sanitarias: el impacto del covid-19 en las relaciones laborales
Authors: Pérez Guerrero María Luisa
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis de las nuevas formas de discriminación por razones sanitarias, provocadas por la irrupción del virus SARS-CoV-2 en nuestras vidas, en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales. Analizaremos los mecanismos de protección que nuestro ordenamiento jurídico arbitra frente a estas nuevas formas de discriminación tanto en el acceso al empleo, como en el desarrollo de la relación laboral o en el momento de su extinción. Ante la aplicación de normas aparentemente neutras, pueden subyacer comportamientos discriminatorios que frente a ciertos grupos de personas. Analizaremos en primer lugar en qué medida estos actos discriminatorios suponen la lesión de otros derechos fundamentales como la intimidad, la dignidad o la protección de los datos personales relacionados con la salud. En segundo lugar, nos centraremos en determinar en qué medida las decisiones empresariales causadas por la situación de salud de los trabajadores vulneran el principio de igualdad y no discriminación. Y, finalmente, analizaremos la calificación del despido fundado en causas relacionadas con el COVID-19.
La noción de discapacidad a efectos de discriminación: valoraciones en clave constitucional de un debate abierto
Authors: Pérez Domínguez Fernando
Published: March 2023

A raíz del debate suscitado por la extensión de la noción de discapacidad como causa de discriminación a realidades como las enfer¬medades de incierta duración o situaciones como la obesidad, el presente trabajo analiza el concepto de discapacidad desde su gestación en instru¬mentos internacionales de protección de los derechos humanos, y trata de identificar los elementos integrantes del mismo. Sobre esa base, se explican los motivos que permiten acoger bajo la discapacidad realidades o situa¬ciones personales no planteadas con anterioridad, y se identifica un modelo de tratamiento normativo de la discapacidad integrado por medidas de diversa naturaleza que, en ocasiones, pueden apreciar la discapacidad bajo matices y lógicas jurídicas diferentes. Finalmente, se pondrá de manifiesto la incorporación y consolidación a nivel constitucional de esa concepción de la discapacidad gestada en el contexto internacional sobre la base de la reciente sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 51/2021.
Medidas empresariales de diversidad e inclusión para el colectivo LGTBI: un análisis jurídico laboral
Authors: Morales Ortega José M.
Published: March 2023

La diversidad e inclusión son conceptos que están tomando un enorme protagonismo en la gestión empresarial, y se está haciendo, principalmente, con el soporte ofrecido por la responsabilidad social empresarial. Así pues, las empresas, aunque no todas, están adoptando medidas favorecedoras de la diversidad en sus plantillas, lo que tiene como antesala la inclusión de los colectivos desfavorecidos en el mercado de trabajo. De ellos, en este estudio se centra la atención en las personas LGTBI, cuya discriminación laboral, de conformidad con los datos, es elevada y, en consecuencia, preocupante, sobre todo para las personas trans. Partiendo de la realidad de este colectivo y de la configuración jurídica de la causa o de las causas de esta discriminación, se analizan los informes y documentos empresariales —de grandes empresas y de multinacionales al ser las que están poniendo en práctica estas estrategias— que van a permitir conocer si, en efecto, se está favoreciendo la lucha contra la discriminación, la inclusión laboral y el respeto y el fomento de la diversidad de las plantillas como instrumentos, primero, de desarrollo personal y, segundo, profesional de las personas LGTBI. De dicho análisis se han extraído las oportunas conclusiones, que no son particularmente esperanzadoras, ya que esta pretendida diversidad e inclusión, al menos para los/as trabajadores/as LGTBI, es más formal que real, al responder, con más frecuencia de la deseada, a objetivos empresariales —económicos y de imagen corporativa— más que de normalización laboral de este colectivo.
SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19 y acción extraordinaria en materia de salubridad general. la responsabilidad del Estado por la muerte del personal médico y sanitario
Authors: Cano Valle Fernando , Kurczyn Villalobos María Patricia , Márquez Gómez Daniel , Melgar Manzanilla Pastora
Published: March 2023

La pandemia del coronavirus SARS-COV-2, y su enfermedad asociada la Covid-19, ha generado un alto costo de vidas humanas, y crisis en el sistema de salud mexicano. Entre las vidas humanas afectadas se encuentran algunos elementos del personal médico y sanitario quienes realizaron su labor en un sistema de salud ya desde antes deteriorado y en condiciones de trabajo no aptas.Los trabajadores de la salud tienen derecho a la seguridad en el trabajo y el Estado mexicano y las autoridades sanitarias tienen la obligación de velar por las necesidades del personal médico y sanitario además de garantizar la seguridad de estos trabajadores. Por tanto, tienen responsabilidad así sea por falta de inversión, preparación e infraestructura inadecuada en el diseño del sistema de salud, o por cualquier otra acción irregular del Estado en la toma de decisiones para afrontar la pandemia. En lo individual, las personas afectadas por la acción administrativa irregular del Estado tienen derecho a una indemnización legal.
Las secuelas en la salud de las relaciones laborales en México por la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19)
Authors: Camacho Solís Julio Ismael
Published: March 2023

En México hay diversos escenarios, con una ideología de Estado, una forma diversa por demás ininteligible y compleja de la gestión presidencial, la racionalidad gubernamental, la austeridad presupuestal, el desvanecimiento de organismos; control para instituciones, economía inestable, sanidad ciudadana, confinamiento confuso, contagio resiliente, enfermedad latente, trabajadores y familias contagiadas, autoridades dispersas, personas escépticas; la expectativa de millones de ciudadanos para coexistir, en una mejor sociedad con salud e higiene, que hoy es excluyente. Los objetivos que se establecen como premisa de esta colaboración son determinar, valorar, sistematizar cómo son y cómo serán las relaciones laborales por la pandemia sanitaria del SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), señalando la siguiente hipótesis: ¿la pandemia sanitaria ha afectado las relaciones laborales actuales que dejará secuelas permanentes? Por ello se utilizará la metodología analítica y descriptiva para la integración de la información cualitativa, que describirá el análisis y la síntesis de la información recopilada mediante los recursos de búsqueda en fuentes fiables de investigación. Para el ámbito de las relaciones laborales, la pérdida de empleos por miles, cierre o adecuación de empresas, que provocan suspensión, rescisión y terminación o reajuste de relaciones laborales, todo sujeto al escenario del trabajo actual donde la pandemia declarada como emergencia sanitaria por causas de fuerza mayor generada por el virus de SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19); el Estado mexicano, enfrenta la pandemia de salud, con la gestión del riesgo en la que incluye a la vulnerabilidad laboral como factor clave, el sistema de salud ocupacional en contraste con limitaciones organizacionales ante la nueva crisis lacerante de salud, empleo y trabajo.
Argumentos jurídicos y precedentes jurisprudenciales. Un experimento de sociología judicial entre la práctica y la teoría
Authors: Zorzetto Silvia
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de esta contribución es analizar algunas de las principales variantes de argumentos jurídicos que usan los precedentes judiciales, con el fin de captar su relevancia y variedad en la práctica. El análisis está inspirado en la jurisprudencia de Secciones Unidas Civiles de la Corte de Casación italiana, también para estimular una comparación entre los usos de los precedentes judiciales en los diferentes sistemas jurídicos existentes. Sin embargo, el análisis es de carácter explicativo o crítico-reconstructivo, e ilustra una serie de usos y problemas vinculados con el razonamiento jurídico, que tienen un alcance general y, por tanto, van más allá del contexto jurídico concreto considerado. El análisis se realiza desde el punto de vista interno y, en particular, del decisor (es decir, el juez), y aborda algunas vexatae quaestiones en torno a la idea de que en la práctica la jurisprudencia es una fuente del derecho. El estudio defiende la tesis de que el argumento del precedente es, de hecho, una familia de argumentos muy heterogénea y más extendida de lo que suele desprenderse de las taxonomías clásicas de los argumentos jurídicos; asimismo, el trabajo sostiene que por razones pragmáticas inherentes al razonamiento jurídico la jurisprudencia es inevitablemente una “fuente del derecho”.
Perspectiva neurocientífica de la agencia: ¿es problemática para el derecho?
Authors: Cornejo Plaza María Isabel
Published: March 2023

La agencia moral kantiana ha sido la base teórica para los fundamentos morales y jurídicos de la autonomía de la voluntad. Sin embargo, las neurociencias han demostrado que la agencia racional kantiana resulta un traje de difícil calce para el sujeto contemporáneo, de modo que la evidencia nos hace cuestionarnos acerca de sus repercusiones en el ámbito del derecho. Este trabajo trata en primer lugar de constatar las diferencias existentes entre la agencia kantiana y aquella que muestran los estudios neurocientíficos, y, en segundo lugar, reflexionar si esta disonancia pudiera ser problemática para el derecho, y las razones esgrimidas para ello.
The Ratio Decidendi through Mexican Lens
Authors: Camarena González Rodrigo
Published: March 2023

In March 2021, the Mexican Constitution was amended to transition to a system of precedents. This amendment mandates that the “reasons” of Supreme Court rulings will be binding on the lower courts. However, the reform is rooted in a long-standing practice of ‘Tesis’, i.e., abstract statements that the Court itself identifies when deciding a case. Moreover, there is no consensus as to what these reasons are and why they should be binding. The aim of this article is to identify the possible conceptions of reasons to explore the Court’s different judge-made law roles. Different common law conceptions of the ratio decidendi are used as “mirrors” to identify four models of judicial lawmaking in Mexican practice, namely: judicial legislation, implicit rules, moral-political justifications and social categories. Although the first model seems to prevail, the others provide means for a broader understanding of how the Court creates law depending on the interpretative context in which it operates.
On the Rule and the Use of Precedents: Brief Comments on the Works of Fabio Pulido Ortiz and Silvia Zorzetto
Authors: Núñez Álvaro
Published: March 2023

It filled me with pleasure to be asked by Problema editor-in-chief Sandra Gómora Juárez to lead a discussion on the theories and doctrine on precedent in our context alongside Prof. Marina Gascón Abellán. Besides the undeniable and recognized prestige of the Problema journal, there was also the possibility of working with Prof. Marina Gascón again and with Sandra Gómora for the first time. It was also an opportunity to discuss issues regarding precedent with old friends like Flavia Carbonell, Fabio Pulido and Silvia Zorzetto, and exchange opinions with new ones like Rodrigo Camarena.   On this occasion, I would like to comment specifically on the works of Prof. Fabio Pulido Ortiz and Prof. Silvia Zorzetto, both of which are of unquestionable quality. The article by Prof. Pulido Ortiz of the Universidad de la Sabana in Colombia is a work of analytical finesse and subtlety that discusses some fundamental problems of legal theory from the standpoint of the theory of precedent. Prof. Silvia Zorzetto from Università Statale di Milano has conducted an analytical and metalinguistic survey of the use of precedents in Italy, particularly at the Italian Sezioni Unite Civili della Corte di Cassazione. This work is priceless not only in terms of its value as a study of (internal) Italian legal culture, but also because the analysis can be generalized, at least in part, to explain how precedents are used in civil law systems.