bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer perception and readership pattern of toi readers – a case study
Authors: Adhikari Dr. Ishita , Sangal Rashi
Published: October 2021

India is one of the fastest developing countries today. The increased newspaper readership is the result of its growing literacy and access to news on multiple technology and social media platforms. The research is based on overall consumer behaviour towards selection of newspaper with special reference with, India’s leading newspaper brand. Study of consumer behaviour helps the organisations in improvisation of various strategies by understanding customer psyche while evaluating the various alternatives and selecting the best suited one from all available. It also emphasises on factors influencing buying decision and help the firm figure out the consumer’s needs and accordingly provide customised products as desired by them. The current study demonstrates how individuals make decision regarding the preferences towards the selection of a leading newspaper brand. Further, the research provided information which is useful in taking various marketing decision and helped to reduce the risk of consumer shift to various other brands prevailing in the market. The study was conducted through a survey of respondent’s residing in NCR, Delhi. The research concluded that promotional schemes offered by Times of India had a positive correlation with the buying behaviour of the subscribers. However there is a need to strengthen the awareness of the promotional schemes on regular basis and establishing a strong emotional connect with the readers. I Print media is one of the most powerful and cost effective medium to transfer information and knowledge. The print media industry in India is over century old. Additionally it is a settled industry. This industry basically involves in publishing daily papers and magazines. India has the second biggest population and one of the fastest developing economies on the planet. Along these the expanding level of income of people, groups and the strong rivalry in this industry help print media in its development. As per Arc Gate (2010), Indian Magazine Market Overview, “sensational impacts of internet and globalization in current situation are playing high effect on media industry. Individuals presently consuming news and data from web through computers or mobiles, the fame of print media is not decreasing. To avoid a decline of market share in comparison with other media instruments, the producer should be able to produce high quality printed content and magazines”.
Quantale-valued Cauchy tower spaces and completeness
Authors: Jäger Gunther , Ahsanullah T. M. G.
Published: October 2021

Generalizing the concept of a probabilistic Cauchy space, we introduce quantale-valued Cauchy tower spaces. These spaces encompass quantale-valued metric spaces, quantale-valued uniform (convergence) tower spaces and quantale-valued convergence tower groups. For special choices of the quantale, classical and probabilistic metric spaces are covered and probabilistic and approach Cauchy spaces arise. We also study completeness and completion in this setting and establish a connection to the Cauchy completeness of a quantale-valued metric space.
Degeneration of the olfactory epithelium in the Anguilid eels by hormone treatment
Authors: Fui Fui Ching , Kawamura Gunzo , Anraku Kazuhiko , Ali Bensan , Sikh Mohamad Nabilah Zieha , Senoo Shigeharu
Published: October 2021

While the olfactory cue hypothesis has been proposed for spawning migration of silver eels, it has been shown that olfactory cells and associated mucus cells degenerate in male and female eels after hormonally induced sexual maturation. However, the degeneration of the olfactory organ could be a real event in the sequence of maturation, or may be an unnatural side effect of the hormone treatment itself. We morphologically and histologically examined the olfactory rosettes of hormone-untreated and hormone-treated (mixture of hCG and PG) giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) and Japanese eel (A. japonica). The olfactory rosette from all the hormone-treated specimens significantly degenerated at various degeneration levels even in sexually immature specimens, indicating the side effect of the hormone-treatment. However, a sexually immature non-hormone treated female A. marmorata (87.4 cm TL, 199.4 g BW, at less advanced maturity) had slightly degenerated olfactory rosette. Further studies should focus on conducting natural degeneration of the olfactory rosette during the sexual maturation in tropical eels.
KERANCUAN BAHASA DALAM KARANGAN MURID SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI DAERAH TUARAN, SABAH
Authors: JEFFREY KIHOB ANNE , HJ. MAHALI SAIDATUL NORNIS
Published: October 2021

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kepekaan murid sekolah menengah luar bandar di daerah Tuaran, Sabah menggunakan bahasa Melayu yang standard dalam karangan mereka. Sebanyak 70 hasil karangan murid tingkatan empat dari tiga buah sekolah menengah dianalisis satu persatu menggunakan kaedah kualitatif analisis kandungan. Respons bertulis juga diperoleh daripada semua murid untuk mengetahui sebab mereka mencampuradukkan bahasa dalam karangan bahasa Melayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa 55 hasil karangan mengandungi percampuran bahasa. Berdasarkan jumlah tersebut, 14 hasil karangan mengandungi percampuran bahasa dalaman sahaja. 41 hasil karangan yang lain pula mengandungi percampuran bahasa Inggeris. Kemudian, daripada jumlah tersebut, 28 buah karangan mengandungi kedua-dua jenis percampuran bahasa iaitu bahasa dalaman dan bahasa Inggeris. Berdasarkan respons bertulis dan temu bual dengan murid tentang sebab adanya perkataan bahasa Inggeris dalam karangan mereka, percampuran bahasa berlaku kerana keterbiasaan dan tidak mengetahui padanan yang betul dalam bahasa Melayu. Dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa adanya kelemahan murid menggunakan bahasa Melayu standard dalam komunikasi bertulis untuk menyampaikan sesuatu mesej. Kajian yang dijalankan bermanfaat untuk memberikan maklumat berkenaan tahap penguasaan bahasa Melayu murid sekolah menengah. Guru-guru juga boleh menggunakan maklumat yang diperoleh untuk mencari cara yang sesuai bagi membantu murid meningkatkan kemahiran berbahasa Melayu yang standard khususnya dalam penulisan karangan.
 
This research was conducted to study the awareness among rural secondary students in Tuaran District, Sabah in using standard Malay in their essays. 70 essays of Form Four sudents from three secondary schools were analysed individually using qualitative content analysis. Written response from all students were also obtained to identify the reasons forlanguage mixing in their Malay language essays. Findings of this study showed that 55 essays contained language mixes. From this total, 14 essays were found to contain native language mixing. The other 41 essays had mixes with the English language with 28 containing both types of language mixing i.e. native language and English language. Based on the students’ written response and interview feedback on the reasons for the presence of English words in their essays, the language mixing was attributed to habit and being unsure of the correct form of expression in Malay. These findingspointed to a weakness among students in using standard Malay language in their written communication to convey certain messages. This study is beneficial in terms of providing information on the level of Malay language mastery among secondary school students. Teachers could also utilise the information provided to identify appropriate methods to help students improve their standard Malay language skills particularly in essay writing.
EXPLORING GRADUATE EMPLOYABILITY IN RELATION TO THEIR ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: KAMLUN KAMSILAWATI , JAWING ESTHER , ABDULLAH GANSAU JUALANG BIN
Published: October 2021

Recent literature has suggested that the relationship between globalisation and English language proficiency implicates employability in the job market. However, it could differ in different occupational groups as well as in different countries. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether there is an effect on the graduate’s employability based on the student’s English language proficiency and their Malaysian University English Test (MUET) results. A total of 8,995 graduates who graduated in 2015 and 2016 were surveyed using data from the feedback method administered by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia from the Graduate Tracer Study 2015. The model used in this analysis would test the hypothesis as to whether there is a significant association between English language proficiency based on their MUET outcomes and their English language proficiency courses with the job status of UMS graduates in relation to their English language proficiency. In order to classify factors that influence graduate employability, an extensive analysis of the current literature is also used. For both local and global higher education contexts, the conceptual structure developed for this study applies. The knowledge offers insights into the growth of student employability and support needs for students to improve their graduate employability.
Optical properties of alumina films by sol gel acrylamide route
Authors:   Dept .of Physics, Sri SaiRam Engineering College, Chennai, 600 044 India., Ramanathan G. , Murali K.R. ,   Department of Theoretical physics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
Published: October 2021

A new acrylamide route was applied to prepare alumina films by using aluminum chloride as a starting material and ammonium persulphate solution as the gelling agent. The XRD results show that the films are amorphous for the post anneals temperatures up to 300 °C, beyond this temperature; peaks corresponding to γ-Al2O3 are observed. XPS studies indicated the peaks corresponding to the Al 2p spectra of films after annealing at different temperatures. The FTIR spectra reveal absorption bands of Al-O and to lattice. The absorption co-efficient was 1014 cm- 1.Refractive index was in the range of 1.71 to 1.61 with increase of wavelength from 250-500 nm. Optical band gap value was around 5.40-5.75 eV with increase of annealing temperature.
Investigating the Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Epiphytic Bacterial Polyketides and Biopolymer Alginates from Marine Microalgae
Authors:   Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, CMS College of Science and Commerce, Coimbatore-35, Tamil Nadu, India., Prasad. B Venkata Nagendra , D Latha. ,   Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, CMS College of Science and Commerce, Coimbatore-35, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: October 2021

The objective was framed to analyse the synergistic antibacterial activity and woundhealing ability of the developed polyketide-alginate polymers. Alginates were extracted from a brown seaweed Padina tetrastromatica and used as a synergistic compound along with bacterial polyketides. Polyketides and alginate polymer combinations were used against test bacteria to determine the synergistic antibacterial activity. A novel wound-healing film was developed using polyketide and alginates with synergistic concentrations and its degradability and wound-healing ability was investigated. The findings in the present research showed most significantly that, Staphylococcus aureus showed complete synergy with the mean MIC value of 0.03 μg/ml and with best FIC value of 0.24 (p<0.5). Degradation of developed films revealed that more moisture leads to more release of antibacterial alginate content at the wound site and hence more degradation. This was evident from the FESEM analysis. In vitro wound-healing assay revealed that the developed polyketide-alginate polymers exhibited cell migration and proliferation after 24th hour of incubation at 370C indicating the wound-healing abilities. Hence, it can be concluded that the biochemical compounds present in the developed polyketide-alginate polymers are considered highly significant in treating any types of wounds.
Investigation on Stir Casting Fabrication Method Issues Analysis of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors:   Dr.M.G.R educational and research institute, Chennai, India., Thayumanavan M. , RVijayaKumar K. ,   Dr.M.G.R educational and research institute, Chennai, India.
Published: October 2021

Among the various types of manufacturing process methods for discontinuous metal matrix composite, stir casting is the best suitable manufacturing process to fabricate particulate reinforced metal matrix composite. Its benefit is its simplicity, durability, and adaptability. The main issue in this process is proper wetting of reinforcement in aluminium matrix material. Only proper wetting results in a homogeneous dispersion of reinforcement material, and these homogeneous dispersions help to improve the properties of metal matrix composite material. The purpose of this paper was to discuss the outline of the stir casting process, process parameters, and the contribution effect of process parameters. This paper also presents about of the conditions should follow during the addition of reinforcement material and matrix material pouring in mould cavity. This paper also discusses the conditions that must be met during the addition of reinforcement material and matrix material pouring in the mould cavity. This paper also looked into the impact and contribution of stirring casting time, speed, and temperature in aluminium metal matrix composites, as well as processing issues in aluminium metal matrix composites, challenges, and research opportunities.
Den Erfolg von Promotions steigern
Authors: Sachs Melanie
Published: October 2021

Für Unternehmen ist es immer wichtiger, ihre gesamte Lieferkette zu durchleuchten – vom Distributionszentrum über das Handelszentrallager bis hin zur Platzierung im Verkaufsraum. Einmal im Einzelhandel angekommen, gibt es wenig verlässliche Daten und kaum Erkenntnisse zur Umsetzung der Verkaufsaktion. Das soll sich mit dem Service Promotion Analytics von CHEP ändern.
Schwälbchen leidet sehr
Authors: Murmann Christoph
Published: October 2021

Die Schwälbchen Molkerei hat die Beeinträchtigungen ihres Frischdienstgeschäfts durch Corona längst nicht überwunden. Immerhin verspricht das Stammgeschäft bis Jahresende stabile Umsätze.
„Italien ist einzigartig“
Authors: Himberg Mathias
Published: October 2021

Maniele Tasca, Geschäftsführer der italienischen Handelsgruppe Selex, über die Eigenheiten des Marktes, die Kraft regionaler Händler und den Nutzen des Einkaufsverbunds EMD.
Alle wollen weniger Plastik
Authors: Wenzel Horst
Published: October 2021

Ihren jüngsten Expertentreff „Packaging 360°“ konnte die dfv Mediengruppe wieder live durchführen, mit Option zur digitalen Teilnahme. Einmal mehr bot der Programm-Mix aus Vorträgen und Diskussionspodien zahlreiche und vielfältige Höhepunkte.
Markenkonzepte
Authors:   Krost, Heidrun,   Lenders, Dirk
Published: October 2021

Wursthersteller stecken derzeit mit eigenen Tierwohl-Produkten die Claims ab. Auch wenn die Marktbedeutung in Bezug auf das Umsatzvolumen noch verschwindend klein ist, so ist doch jetzt Zeit Flagge zu zeigen. Dirk Lenders/Heidrun Krost
Tuttofood erweitert Themenangebot
Authors:   Bender, Ralf
Published: October 2021

Kaum eine andere Branche ist von Covid so stark betroffen wie die Messeveranstalter. Cibus und Tuttofood, die italienischen Leitmessen der Nahrungsmittelwirtschaft, versuchen sich nun außerhalb der gelernten Termine.
Thurn stellt Betrieb im November ein
Authors: Brändlein Philip , Sachsenröder Delphine
Published: October 2021

Schon ab nächster Woche soll beim Waschmittelhersteller Thurn das Ende der Produktion eingeleitet werden. Im November ist laut dem Insolvenzverwalter endgültig Schluss.
Mehr Kreislaufwirtschaft ist kein Selbstläufer
Authors: Müller-Drexel Markus
Published: October 2021

Immer mehr Industrie- und Handelsunternehmen wollen für Endverbraucher bestimmte Verpackungen binnen weniger Jahre recyclinggerecht gestalten und darin zudem mehr Rezyklate einsetzen. Letzteres gilt auch für Lebensmittelverpackungen. Diese Ziele eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten, allerdings im Rahmen derzeit noch bestehender Grenzen.
Aquarömer setzt komplett auf Mehrweg
Authors: Heimig Dieter
Published: October 2021

Vor allem mit Glasgebinden befindet sich die Aquarömer GmbH auf anhaltendem Wachstumskurs. 2022 soll ein neues Gebinde für weitere Impulse sorgen.
Jiffy will für Marken liefern
Authors: Holst Jens
Published: October 2021

Nach einer erfolgreichen Finanzierungsrunde lotet der Schnell-Lieferdienst Jiffy neue Ertragsquellen aus. Dazu sollen Kooperationen mit Herstellern und Händlern zählen.
Lichtenauer erreicht Klimaneutralität
Authors: Balzer Heike
Published: October 2021

Die stärkste regionale Mineralwassermarke festigt ihre Vorreiterrolle in Ostdeutschland.
Prickelndes Ergebnis
Authors: Balzer Heike
Published: October 2021

Der Marktführer bei Sekt und Spirituosen startet auch bei Weinen durch. Der Trend zu spanischen Weinen im Premiumsegment beflügelt die neu eingeführte Range.
Der Impfstatus wird zum Politikum
Authors: Schaal René
Published: October 2021

Frankfurt a.M. Die Politik diskutiert derzeit eine generelle Pflicht für Arbeitnehmer, den eigenen Impfstatus gegenüber ihrem Unternehmen offenzulegen. Aus der Agrarwirtschaft kommt zu diesen Plänen viel Zustimmung.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DA GESTÃO SOCIAL NA DESCONSTRUÇÃO DO CONSERVADORISMO GERENCIAL EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Luiz Xavier da Costa Diego , Fernandez Gomes Edvando
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho aborda a temática da gestão social, tendo como objeto de pesquisa a utilização da gestão social na desconstrução do conservadorismo gerencial das políticas públicas no Brasil, deste modo a presente obra também apresenta o gerencialismo como vertente administrativa majoritariamente presente na gestão pública da atualidade, expondo suas características e sua racionalidade, apontando assim como contraposição ao seu sistema a utilização da gestão social. A pesquisa evidenciou que embora o modelo gerencialista tenha modernizado a administração estatal com observáveis melhorias na gestão pública, o projeto político que direciona este modelo se utiliza de uma ideologia excludente e elitista, cujo privilégio ao setor econômico constantemente negligencia o campo dos projetos sociais nas políticas públicas. Neste contexto a gestão social surge como uma alternativa de substituição do projeto político neoliberal, principal vertente da corrente gerencialista, por um projeto político societário onde a perspectiva de futuro da gestão pública deve estar atrelada a participação social procedente de uma racionalidade comunicativa em que a democracia ganha novos contornos. Neste sentido este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a utilização da gestão social na desconstrução do conservadorismo gerencial nas políticas públicas. A pesquisa é de conteúdo bibliográfico e sustenta-se em diversos autores reconhecidos e pesquisadores da área de gestão pública e gestão social, como Fenando Guilherme Tenório, Alan Ferreira de Freitas, Alair Ferreira de Freitas, Marco Aurélio Marques Ferreira, Ana Paula Paes de Paula dentre outros que por meio da leitura de Jürgen Habermas colaboraram para a compreensão do tema apresentado.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Business: A Detailed Review
Authors: Schwertner Krassimira
Published: October 2021

The human society is permanently changing in all aspects. It has experienced many challenges like wars, political conflicts, and financial systems collapse. Today it is hurt by an old well-known enemy – the pandemic. In order to make the things better and even to survive current society is investing in market, production, communications and technological progress. The common base of all these fields is the digitalization on the Communication and Information Technology (IT – Hardware, Software, Algorithms, and Methods). Since the 50-ies of the 20th Century the IT is in permanent development but this has not impacted all layers of the society. In the last decade it is observed a new trend. The IT impacts almost all layers and the technologies of the society – communications, productions, management, analysis, forecasts, education, health, social and medical security). This chapter is concentrated on the basics and tools of digital transformation of business and trends in the business and production in the frame of this new paradigm.
Tolerancia al estrés hídrico de dos especies de calabaza (Cucurbita moschata y Cucurbita argyrosperma) mediante indicadores anatómicos
Authors: Pedroza-Sandoval Aurelio , Méndez-Sánchez Ruth I. , Trejo-Calzada Ricardo , Sánchez-Cohen Ignacio , Yañez-Chávez Luis G.
Published: October 2021

La calabaza (Cucurbita sp) se usa como alimento humano en diferentes regiones del mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la tolerancia al déficit hídrico en dos especies de calabaza mediante atributos anatómicos. Fue usado un diseño experimental en bloques al azar con arreglo de parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones. En las parcelas grandes se manejaron los contenidos de humedad del suelo: Capacidad de Campo (CC: rango 21-26 %) y Punto de Marchitez Permanente (PMP: rango 15-20 %); en las parcelas chicas se distribuyeron las especies de calabaza C. moschata y C. argyrosperma. La longitud del tallo principal de las plantas de C. argyrosperma en condiciones de CC fue mayor (P ≤ 0.05) que el de las plantas de C. moschata en el nivel de PMP. Las plantas de Cucurbita argyrosperma en PMP desarrollaron tallos de mayor longitud que las de C. moschata en CC y PMP. Las variables cobertura vegetal y área foliar tuvieron un comportamiento exponencial creciente de manera independiente a la condición de humedad del suelo. Los resultados indican que las dos especies pueden ser tolerantes al estrés hídrico mediante la estrategia de evasión.
KIPIN PTO SEBAGAI MEDIA ASESMEN DIGITAL PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: SUSIYANTO DERIS
Published: October 2021

Masa pandemi covid 19 memberikan pengaruh yang besar bagi kehidupan manusia, sehingga mengubah gaya hidup dan rutinitas manusia. Hal ini juga mengakibatkan perubahan di dunia pendidikan yang semula kegiatan pembelajaran dengan tatap muka berubah menjadi pembelajaran jarak jauh yang sering disebut pembelajaran daring. Untuk mempermudah pembelajaran daring diperlukan media yang membantu pendidik dalam pembelajaran salah satunya menggunakan media aplikasi Kipin PTO. Kipin PTO merupakan program digitalisasi asesmen sekolah yang memungkinkan pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran (latihan soal atau try out, penilaian harian dan ujian di sekolah) secara digital berbasis online tanpa menggunakan kertas lagi. Kipin PTO sangat bermanfaat baik bagi sekolah, guru, siswa dan orang tua. Manfaat bagi sekolah Kipin PTO menyediakan fasilitas asesmen berbasis digital yang mudah dan lengkap, terjadi penghematan biaya fotocopy kerta yang besar tiap bulannya. Manfaat bagi guru diantaranya dapat membantu tugas guru dalam membuat paket soal yang mudah dan cepat, tidak perlu koreksi nilai lagi, dan ada Analisa soal. Manfaat bagi siswa, siswa mendapatkan kesempatan sebanyak-banyaknya untuk latihan soal, akses cukup pakai gadget. Kegiatan asesmen menjadi labih menyenangkan. Dengan keunggulan-keunggulan tersebut dapat meningkatkan daya eksplorasi siswa, serta terjadi peran aktif dan partisipasi siswa dengan sesama temannya secara kompetitif dalam pembelajaran. Sehingga pembelajaran di kelas menjadi lebih aktif dan kreatif, menarik dan tidak membosankan, sehingga akan memotivasi siswa dalam pembelajaran, yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil survei responden peserta didik terhadap pemanfaatan Kipin PTO dalam pelakasanaan asesmen digital mencapai persentase 82,6%.
JOGOS E BRINCADEIRAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Arruda Adriana Lúcia de , Costa Ivalleica Ferreira da , Almeida Letícia Adrielle Malaquias de Oliveira , Luz Ua-Naia Aparecida , Santos Vania Valesca Castilho da Silva
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como tema a importância das brincadeiras e jogos com crianças. Enfatiza-se o brincar no desenvolvimento e na aprendizagem na educação infantil, tendo como objetivo conhecer acerca do significado do brincar, bem como conceituar os principais termos usados para designar o ato de brincar, sendo também fundamental a compreensão da ludicidade, através da qual a criança comunica-se consigo mesma e com o mundo, aceita a existência dos outros, estabelecendo as relações sociais, constrói conhecimentos, desenvolve-se integralmente, e ainda, as vantagens que o brincar favorece no ensino-aprendizagem infantil. É de suma importância perceber e incentivar a capacidade criadora das crianças, pois esta se constitui numa das formas de relacionamento e recriação do mundo, dentro da perspectiva da lógica infantil. Assim sendo, para a realização deste trabalho, foi utilizado a pesquisa bibliográfica, com base na reflexão e leituras de livros, artigos, revistas e sites, bem como pesquisa de autores referente neste tema. Há a compreensão de que a brincadeira faz parte da vivência infantil, no entanto o que se espera destacar é o desenvolvimento intelectual, cognitivo que ocorre com as crianças quando brincam, e que a as brincadeiras são de suma importância na escola, pois o professor ao utilizar desse recurso poderá desenvolver nos alunos o conhecimento de mundo, socialização e a estimulação motora.
Novel assessment of numerical forecasting model relative humidity with satellite probabilistic estimates
Authors: Radice Chloé , Brogniez Hélène , Kirstetter Pierre-Emmanuel , Chambon Philippe
Published: October 2021

Abstract. A novel method of comparison between an atmospheric model and satellite probabilistic estimates of relative humidity (RH) in the tropical atmosphere is presented. The method is developed to assess the Météo-France numerical weather forecasting model ARPEGE using probability density functions (PDF) of RH estimated from the SAPHIR microwave sounder. The satellite RH reference is derived by aggregating footprint-scale probabilistic RH to match the spatial and temporal resolution of ARPEGE over the April-May-June 2018 period. The probabilistic comparison is discussed with respect to a classical deterministic comparison confronting each model RH value to the reference average and using a set confidence interval. The study first documents the significant spatial and temporal variability of the reference distribution spread and shape. It warrants the need for a finer assessment at the individual case level to characterise specific situations beyond the classical bulk comparison using determinist “best” reference estimates. The probabilistic comparison allows for a more contrasted assessment than the deterministic one. Specifically, it reveals cases where the ARPEGE simulated values falling within the deterministic confidence range actually correspond to extreme departures in the reference distribution.
Changes in cirrus cloud properties and occurrence over Europe during the COVID-19-caused air traffic reduction
Authors: Li Qiang , Groß Silke
Published: October 2021

Abstract. By inducing linear contrails and contrail cirrus, air traffic has a main impact on the ice cloud coverage and occurrence. During the COVID-19 pandemic, civil air traffic over Europe was significantly reduced, in March and April 2020, to about 80 % compared to the year before. This unique situation allows us to study the effect of air traffic on cirrus clouds. This work investigates, based on satellite lidar measurements, if and how cirrus cloud properties and occurrence changed over Europe in the course of COVID-19. Cirrus cloud properties are analyzed for different years between 2014 and 2019, which showed similar meteorological conditions for the month of April as in 2020. The meteorological conditions for March, however, were warmer and drier in 2020 than the previous years. The average thickness of cirrus clouds was reduced to 1.18 km in March 2020 compared to a value of 1.40 km under normal conditions, which is stronger than expected from the aviation reduction due to the less favorable meteorology for ice cloud formation. While the April results in 2020 were only slightly reduced, with an average thickness of 70 m thinner than the composite mean of the previous 6 years. Comparing the different years shows that the cirrus cloud occurrence was reduced by about 17 %–30 %, with smaller cloud thicknesses found in 2020 for both months. In addition, the cirrus clouds measured in 2020 possess smaller values of the particle linear depolarization ratio (PLDR) than the previous years at a high significance level for both months, especially at colder temperatures (T<-50 ∘C). The same analyses are extended to the observations over the USA and China. Besides the regional discrimination of cirrus clouds, we reach the final conclusion that cirrus clouds show significant changes in PLDR in both March and April over Europe, no changes in both months over China, and significant changes only in April over the USA.
The effect of (NH4)2SO4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance
Authors: Worthy Soleil E. , Kumar Anand , Xi Yu , Yun Jingwei , Chen Jessie , Xu Cuishan , Irish Victoria E. , Amato Pierre , Bertram Allan K.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. A wide range of materials including mineral dust, soil
dust, and bioaerosols have been shown to act as ice nuclei in the
atmosphere. During atmospheric transport, these materials can become coated
with inorganic and organic solutes which may impact their ability to
nucleate ice. While a number of studies have investigated the impact of
solutes at low concentrations on ice nucleation by mineral dusts, very few
studies have examined their impact on non-mineral dust ice nuclei. We
studied the effect of dilute (NH4)2SO4 solutions (0.05 M) on
immersion freezing of a variety of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating
substances (INSs) including bacteria, fungi, sea ice diatom exudates, sea
surface microlayer substances, and humic substances using the droplet-freezing
technique. We also studied the effect of (NH4)2SO4 solutions
(0.05 M) on the immersion freezing of several types of mineral dust particles
for comparison purposes. (NH4)2SO4 had no effect on the
median freezing temperature (ΔT50) of 9 of the 10
non-mineral dust materials tested. There was a small but statistically significant
decrease in ΔT50 (−0.43 ± 0.19 ∘C) for the
bacteria Xanthomonas campestris in the presence of (NH4)2SO4 compared to pure
water. Conversely, (NH4)2SO4 increased the median freezing
temperature of four different mineral dusts (potassium-rich feldspar,
Arizona Test Dust, kaolinite, montmorillonite) by 3 to 9 ∘C and increased the ice nucleation active site density per gram
of material (nm(T)) by a factor of ∼ 10 to
∼ 30. This significant difference in the response of mineral
dust and non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances when exposed to
(NH4)2SO4 suggests that they nucleate ice and/or interact
with (NH4)2SO4 via different mechanisms. This difference
suggests that the relative importance of mineral dust to non-mineral dust
particles for ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds could potentially
increase as these particles become coated with (NH4)2SO4 in the
atmosphere. This difference also suggests that the addition of
(NH4)2SO4 (0.05 M) to atmospheric samples of unknown
composition could potentially be used as an indicator or assay for the
presence of mineral dust ice nuclei, although additional studies are still
needed as a function of INS concentration to confirm the same trends are
observed for different INS concentrations than those used here. A comparison with
results in the literature does suggest that our results may be applicable to
a range of mineral dust and non-mineral dust INS concentrations.
Evolution of OH reactivity in NO-free volatile organic compound photooxidation investigated by the fully explicit GECKO-A model
Authors: Peng Zhe , Lee-Taylor Julia , Stark Harald , Orlando John J. , Aumont Bernard , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. OH reactivity (OHR) is an important control on the oxidative capacity in the atmosphere but remains poorly constrained in many environments, such as
remote, rural, and urban atmospheres, as well as laboratory experiment setups under low-NO conditions. For an improved understanding of OHR, its
evolution during oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a major aspect requiring better quantification. We use the fully explicit
Generator of Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere (GECKO-A) model to study the OHR evolution in the NO-free photooxidation
of several VOCs, including decane (an alkane), m-xylene (an aromatic), and isoprene (an alkene). Oxidation progressively produces more saturated and functionalized species. Total organic OHR (including precursor and products, OHRVOC) first increases for decane (as functionalization increases OH rate coefficients) and m-xylene (as much more reactive oxygenated alkenes are formed). For isoprene, C=C bond consumption leads to a rapid drop in OHRVOC before significant production of the first main saturated multifunctional product, i.e., isoprene epoxydiol. The saturated multifunctional species in the oxidation of different precursors have similar average OHRVOC per C atom. The latter oxidation follows a similar course for different precursors, involving fragmentation of multifunctional species to eventual oxidation of C1 and C2 fragments to CO2, leading to a similar evolution of OHRVOC per C atom. An upper limit of the total OH consumption during complete oxidation to CO2 is roughly three per C atom. We also explore the trends in radical recycling ratios. We show that differences in the evolution of OHRVOC between the atmosphere and an environmental chamber, and between the atmosphere and an oxidation flow reactor (OFR), can be substantial, with the former being even larger, but these differences are often smaller than between precursors. The Teflon wall losses of oxygenated VOCs in chambers result in large deviations of OHRVOC from atmospheric conditions, especially for the oxidation of larger precursors, where multifunctional species may suffer substantial wall losses, resulting in significant underestimation of OHRVOC. For OFR, the deviations of OHRVOC evolution from the atmospheric case are mainly due to significant OHR contribution from RO2 and lack of efficient organic photolysis. The former can be avoided by lowering the UV lamp setting in OFR, while the latter is shown to be very difficult to avoid. However, the former may significantly offset the slowdown in fragmentation of multifunctional species due to lack of efficient organic photolysis.
Physiological and climate controls on foliar mercury uptake by European tree species
Authors: Wohlgemuth Lena , Rautio Pasi , Ahrends Bernd , Russ Alexander , Vesterdal Lars , Waldner Peter , Timmermann Volkmar , Eickenscheidt Nadine , Fürst Alfred , Greve Martin , Roskams Peter , Thimonier Anne , Nicolas Manuel , Kowalska Anna , Ingerslev Morten , Merilä Päivi , Benham Sue , Iacoban Carmen , Hoch Günter , Alewell Christine , Jiskra Martin
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Despite the importance of vegetation uptake of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) within the global Hg cycle, little knowledge exists on the physiological, climatic and geographic factors controlling stomatal uptake of atmospheric Hg(0) by tree foliage. We investigate controls on foliar stomatal Hg(0) uptake by combining Hg measurements of 3,569 foliage samples across Europe with data on tree species traits and environmental conditions. To account for foliar Hg accumulation over time, we normalized foliar Hg concentration over the foliar life period from the simulated start of the growing season to sample harvest. The most relevant parameter impacting daily foliar stomatal Hg uptake was tree functional group (deciduous versus coniferous trees). On average, we measured 3.2 times higher daily foliar stomatal Hg uptake rates in deciduous leaves than in coniferous needles of the same age. Across tree species, for foliage of beech and fir, and at two out of three forest plots with more than 20 samples, we found a significant (p < 0.001) increase in foliar Hg values with respective leaf nitrogen concentrations. We therefore suggest, that foliar stomatal Hg uptake is controlled by tree functional traits with uptake rates increasing from low to high nutrient content representing low to high physiological activity. For pine and spruce needles, we detected a significant linear decrease of daily foliar stomatal Hg uptake with the proportion of time, during which vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exceeded the species-specific threshold values of 1.2 kPa and 3 kPa, respectively. The proportion of time within the growing season, during which surface soil water content (ERA5-Land) in the region of forest plots was low correlated negatively with corresponding foliar Hg uptake rates of beech and pine. These findings suggest that stomatal uptake of atmospheric Hg(0) is inhibited under high VPD conditions and/or low soil water content due the regulation of stomatal conductance to reduce water loss under dry conditions. We therefore propose, that foliar Hg measurements bear the potential to serve as proxy for stomatal conductance. Other parameters associated with forest sampling sites (latitude and altitude), sampled trees (average age and diameter at breast height) or regional satellite observation-based transpiration product (GLEAM) did not significantly correlate with daily foliar Hg uptake rates. We conclude that tree physiological activity and stomatal response to VPD and soil water content should be implemented in a stomatal Hg model, to assess future Hg cycling under different anthropogenic emission scenarios and global warming.
Summer sea-ice variability on the Antarctic margin during the last glacial period reconstructed from snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) stomach-oil deposits
Authors: McClymont Erin L. , Bentley Michael J. , Hodgson Dominic A. , Spencer-Jones Charlotte L. , Wardley Thomas , West Martin D. , Croudace Ian W. , Berg Sonja , Gröcke Darren R. , Kuhn Gerhard , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Sime Louise , Phillips Richard A.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Antarctic sea ice is a critical component of the climate system, affecting a range of physical and biogeochemical feedbacks, and supporting unique ecosystems. During the last glacial stage, Antarctic sea ice was more extensive than today, but uncertainties in geological (marine sediments), glaciological (ice core), and climate model reconstructions of past sea-ice extent continue to limit our understanding of its role in the Earth system. Here, we present a novel archive of past sea-ice environments from regurgitated stomach oils of snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea), preserved at nesting sites in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. We show that by combining information from fatty acid distributions and their stable carbon isotope ratios with measurements of bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and trace metal data, it is possible to reconstruct changing snow petrel diet within Marine Isotope Stage 2 (ca. 22.6–28.8 cal. kyr BP). We show that, as today, a mixed diet of krill and fish characterises much of the record. However, between 25.7–26.8 cal. kyr BP signals of krill almost disappear. By linking dietary signals in the stomach-oil deposits to modern feeding habits and foraging ranges, we infer the use by snow petrels of open water habitats (‘polynyas’) in the sea ice during our interval of study. The periods when consumption of krill was reduced are interpreted to correspond to the opening of polynyas over the continental shelf, which became the preferred foraging habitat. Our results challenge hypotheses that the development of extensive, thick, multi-year sea-ice close to the continent was a key driver of positive sea ice-climate feedbacks during glacial stages, and highlight the potential of stomach-oil deposits as a palaeo-environmental archive of Southern Ocean conditions.
Geology Uprooted! Decolonising the Curriculum for Geologists
Authors: Rogers Steven L. , Dowey Natasha , Lau Lisa , Sheikh Hinna , Williams Rebecca
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Geology is colonial. It has a colonial past, and a colonial present. The majority of the knowledge we accept as the modern discipline of geology was founded during the height of the early modern European Empires colonial expansion. Knowledge is not neutral and its creation and use can be damaging to individuals and peoples. The concept of knowledge being colonial or colonised has gathered attention recently, but this concept can be misunderstood or difficult to engage with by individuals who are not familiar or trained to work with the literature on the issue. This paper aims to demystify Decolonising the Curriculum, particularly with respect to geology. We explain what Decolonising the Curriculum is, and outline frameworks and terminology often found in decolonising literature. We discuss how geology is based on colonised knowledge and what effects this may have. We explore how we might decolonise the subject and most importantly, why it matters. Together, through collaborative networks, we need to decolonise geology to ensure our discipline is inclusive, accessible to all and relevant to the grand challenges facing our civilization.
About right: references in open-access EGU (European Geosciences Union) journals
Authors: Pozzer Andrea
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We investigated the number of references per page for different European Geosciences Union journals, which share the same text formatting.
Although the journals formally all focus on geoscience, different disciplines are covered, from ocean science and biogeosciences
to the technical description of numerical model development.
In this study, we show that the number of references per page
is remarkably constant across these journals.
In addition, this value has remained
constant in the last decade, despite the consistent increase in
the number of pages and in the number of references in almost all journals considered. Independently of the quality of the references used in an article, we show that for the EGU (European Geosciences Union) journals the average number of
references per page is 3.82 (1.87–6.18 at 90 % confidence level).
This reveals that there is a consensus regarding optimum reference density,
which depends on the journal's layout and not on the journal's discipline.
SymPKF (v1.0): a symbolic and computational toolbox for the design of parametric Kalman filter dynamics
Authors: Pannekoucke Olivier , Arbogast Philippe
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Recent research in data assimilation has led to the introduction of the parametric
Kalman filter (PKF): an implementation of the Kalman filter, whereby the
covariance matrices are approximated by a parameterized covariance model.
In the PKF, the dynamics of the covariance during the forecast step rely on
the prediction of the covariance parameters. Hence, the design of the parameter
dynamics is crucial, while it can be tedious to do this by hand.
This contribution introduces a Python package, SymPKF, able to compute PKF dynamics
for univariate statistics and when the covariance model is parameterized from the
variance and the local anisotropy of the correlations. The ability of SymPKF to
produce the PKF dynamics is shown on a nonlinear diffusive advection (the Burgers equation)
over a 1D domain and the linear advection over a 2D domain. The computation of the PKF
dynamics is performed at a symbolic level, but an automatic code generator is also
introduced to perform numerical simulations. A final multivariate example
illustrates the potential of SymPKF to go beyond the univariate case.
The Thiem team – Adolf and Günther Thiem, two forefathers of hydrogeology
Authors: Houben Georg J. , Batelaan Okke
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Adolf and Günther Thiem, father and son, left behind a methodological legacy that many current hydrogeologists are probably unaware of. It goes much beyond the Dupuit-Thiem analytical model for pump test analysis, which is connected to their name. Methods, which we use on a day-to-day basis today, such as isopotential maps, tracer tests and vertical wells were amongst the many contributions which the Thiems either developed or improved. Remarkably, this was not done in a university context but rather as a by-product of their practical work designing and building water supply schemes in countries all over Europe. Some of these water works are still active. Both Thiems were also great science communicators. Their contributions were read and applied in many countries, especially in the US, through a personal connection between Günther and O.E. Meinzer, the leading USGS hydrogeologist of the time.
Projecting the impacts of end of century climate extremes on the hydrology in California
Authors: Maina Fadji Zaouna , Rhoades Alan , Siirila-Woodburn Erica R. , Dennedy-Frank Peter-James
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In California, it is essential to understand the evolution of water resources in response to a changing climate to sustain its economy and agriculture and build resilient communities. Although extreme conditions have characterized the historical hydroclimate of California, climate change will likely intensify hydroclimatic extremes by the End of Century (EoC). However, few studies have investigated the impacts of EoC extremes on watershed hydrology. We use cutting-edge global climate and integrated hydrologic models to simulate EoC extremes and their effects on the water-energy balance. We assess the impacts of projected driest, median, and wettest water years under a Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 on the hydrodynamics of the Cosumnes river basin. High temperatures (> 2.5 °C) and precipitation (> 38 %) will characterize the EoC extreme water years compared to their historical counterparts. Also, precipitation, mostly in the form of rain, is projected to fall earlier. This change reduces snowpack by more than 90 %, increases peak surface water and groundwater storages up to 75 % and 23 %, respectively, and makes these peak storages occur earlier in the year. Because EoC temperatures and soil moisture are high, both potential and actual evapotranspiration (ET) increase. The latter, along with the lack of snowmelt in the warm EoC, cause surface water and groundwater storages to significantly decrease in summer, with groundwater showing the highest rates of decrease. Besides, the changes in the precipitation phase lead the lower-order streams to dry out in EoC summer whereas the mainstream experiences an increase in storage.
A study of capturing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) regime transition through observation-constrained model parameters
Authors: Liu Zhao , Zhang Shaoqing , Shen Yang , Guan Yuping , Deng Xiong
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The multiple equilibria are an outstanding characteristic
of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) that has important
impacts on the Earth climate system appearing as regime transitions. The
AMOC can be simulated in different models, but the behavior deviates from the real world due to the existence of model errors. Here, we first combine a
general AMOC model with an ensemble Kalman filter to form an ensemble
coupled model data assimilation and parameter estimation (CDAPE) system and derive the general methodology to capture the observed AMOC regime
transitions through utilization of observational information. Then we apply
this methodology designed within a “twin” experiment framework with a
simple conceptual model that simulates the transition phenomenon of AMOC
multiple equilibria as well as a more physics-based MOC box model to reconstruct the “observed” AMOC multiple equilibria. The results show that
the coupled model parameter estimation with observations can significantly
mitigate the model deviations, thus capturing regime transitions of the
AMOC. This simple model study serves as a guideline when a coupled general
circulation model is used to incorporate observations to reconstruct the
AMOC historical states and make multi-decadal climate predictions.