bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rosyjskie i polskie elity rządzące wobec zagadnienia obrony przeciwrakietowej NATO/USA. Część 2
Authors: Starchak Maxim
Published: January 2020

Stosunki polsko-rosyjskie należą do najtrudniejszych i najbardziej złożonych sąsiedzkich relacji w Europie. Są one trudne szczególnie dla Polski, ale dla Rosji także są skomplikowane. Nad wzajemnymi stosunkami ciąży trudna historia, na przestrzeni której Polska częściej doświadczała dominacji rosyjskiej, padając ofiarą imperialnej polityki Rosji. Te negatywne doświadczenia zrodziły w elitach obu krajów wzajemną podejrzliwość i nieufność.

Po upadku komunizmu i rozpadzie Związku Sowieckiego, Polska obrała kurs na integrację ze strukturami euroatlantyckimi – z NATO oraz Unią Europejską. Akcesja Polski do NATO miała wzmocnić jej bezpieczeństwo narodowe oraz pozycję międzynarodową, chroniąc ją przed potencjalnym neoimperializmem rosyjskim, i czyniąc istotnym elementem (szczególnie w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej) monocentrycznego, zdominowanego przez USA, porządku globalnego. Podejmowane w latach 90. XX wieku przez Rosję oraz Zachód próby wzajemnego porozumienia zakończyły się niepowodzeniem. Rosja obawia się amerykańskiej hegemonii w świecie i dalszej swojej marginalizacji, sprzeciwiając się rozszerzaniu NATO na wschód. Natomiast Polska oraz kraje bałtyckie obawiają się wojskowych reakcji Moskwy, np. działań w Gruzji i na Ukrainie. Takie usytuowanie Polski i Rosji w światowej geopolityce powoduje, że ich interesy kolidują ze sobą.

Polska, chcąc zwiększyć swoje bezpieczeństwo, zacieśnia współpracę z Waszyngtonem, stara się aktywnie uczestniczyć we wszystkich projektach amerykańskich realizowanych pod auspicjami NATO w odniesieniu do Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Takim projektem jest budowa natowskiego systemu obrony przeciwrakietowej na terytorium Polski, co budzi poważne zastrzeżenia ze strony Rosji. W artykule został przedstawiony stosunek Rosji i Polski do tworzenia obrony przeciwrakietowej NATO. Przeanalizowano obustronną percepcję, argumentację, obawy oraz metody osiągania celów w negocjacjach w kwestii budowy amerykańskiej tarczy antyrakietowej.
Factores asociados a la calidad de vida en pacientes mastectomizadas
Authors: Medina-Bueno Gonzalo A. , Jaramillo-Saavedra Enrique
Published: January 2020

Objetivos

Determinar si las variables: edad, estado civil, situación laboral, nivel de instrucción, condición socioeconómica, estado de la enfermedad, compromiso de la dominancia manual, comorbilidad y terapia adyuvante, son factores asociados a la calidad de vida en pacientes mastectomizadas.

Métodos

Es un estudio Observacional transversal, que valora la calidad de vida aplicando el cuestionario SF-36, donde se incluyeron mujeres mastectomizadas con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, unilateral, operadas durante el periodo de 2010 – 2014, sometidas a mastectomía radical modificada tipo Madden, que acudieron a control por consultorio externo de Ginecología Oncológica; que terminaron el tratamiento adyuvante (quimioterapia y/o radioterapia), y permanecen en control ambulatorio

Resultados

Las puntuaciones del SF-36 en las dimensiones de salud física y salud mental fueron semejantes para las variables: edad (< 50 y > 50 años), condición socioeconómica y compromiso manual. Se encontró puntuaciones mayores para pacientes en estado civil casadas, situación laboral desempleada, instrucción secundaria, comorbilidad ausente, terapia adyuvante mixta, y en estado curativo de la enfermedad, al aplicar la prueba t de Student  y ANOVA (p<0,05).

Conclusiones

La valoración de la calidad de vida en pacientes mastectomizadas, no se encuentra asociada con la edad, compromiso de la dominancia manual, ni condición socioeconómica; la mejor calidad de vida se asocia con el estado civil casada, la situación laboral desempleada, nivel de instrucción secundaria, comorbilidad ausente y estado de la enfermedad curativo.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Orang Tua Tentang Lingkungan Bermain Yang Sehat Di Tk Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Kelurahan Mamajang Dalam Kecamatan Mamajang Kota Makassar
Authors: Sain Iwan , Junaidi Junaidi , Jalil Nuraeni , Pairunan Yosephin Sari
Published: January 2020

Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan orangtua tentang lingkungan bermain yang sehat bagi anak baik di dalam maupun diluar rumah. Metode dan alat yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah pemberian edukasi berupa ceramah dan simulasi terkait : Lingkungan bermain anak yang sehat, pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan, simulasi menata lingkungan bermain yang sehat bagi anak dan melakukan pretest dan post test sebelum dan setelah kegiatan. Media yang digunakan adalah modul pembelajaran. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 1 dan 2 Nopember 2018 bertempat di TK Aisyiah Bustanul Athfal Kelurahan Mamajang Kecamatan Mamajang Dalam Kota Makassar. Alat yang digunakan 1). Seperangkat alat / media penyuluhan seperti gambar, pengeras suara. 2). Modul Panduan Lingkungan bermain yang sehat bagi Anak. Pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam kegiatan ini adalah Kepala sekolah dan Orang tua murid TK Aisyiah Bustanul Athfal Jln. Tupai No. 35 Makassar. Hasil kegiatan adalah terjadinya peningkatan pengetahun peserta yang dapat dilihat dari hasil Evaluasi Pre dan Post Test yang menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan nilai hasil tes berkisar antara 40-55 point dari nilai sebelumnya. Hasil evaluasi tingkat kemanfaatan kegiatan dengan menggunakan skala likert didapatkan seluruh peserta pelatihan (100%) menilai bahwa pelatihan sangat bermanfaat. Kesimpulan kegatan ini adalah terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan pada kelompok orangtua yang mengikuti pelatihan tentang lingkungan bermain yang sehat bagi anak.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI UPTD PUSKESMAS SIBULUE KECAMATAN SIBULUE KABUPATEN BONE TAHUN 2018
Authors: Artifasari Andi
Published: January 2020

skizofrenia adalah penyakit yang serius dan mengkhawatirkan yang ditandai dengan penurunan atau ketidakmampuan berkomunikasi, gangguan realitas (berupa halusinasi dan waham), gangguan kognitif (tidak mampu berpikir abstrak) serta mengalami kesulitan untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga terhadap pasien psikofrenia di UPTD Puskesmas Sibulue Kecamatan Sibulue tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik Purposive sampling pengambilan sampel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 41. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan Chi - Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p value < 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil analisis untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga diperoleh nilai p = 0,635. Berarti tidak ada hubungan bermakna terhadap dukungan keluarga. Sedangkan hubungan dukungan emosional diperoleh nilai p = 0,126 > 0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungan dukungan keluarga terhadap pasien psikofrenia di UPTD Puskesmas Sibulue tidak mempunyai kolerasi atau hubungan.
TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN KEPERAWATAN DI PUSKESMAS TEMPE KABUPATEN WAJO
Authors: Wardanengsih Ery , Rijal Syamsul , Mallapiang Andi Indrawati
Published: January 2020

Puskesmas adalah unit satuan terdepan secara fungsional, administrasi dan fisik yang membawakan berbagai usaha-usaha pokok kesehatan disuatu daerah yang secara langsung memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat (Ryadi, 2002).Pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas adalah pelayanan kesehatan yang dapat memuaskan setiap pemakai jasa pelayanan kesehatan sesuai dengan tingkat kepuasan rata-rata penduduk serta penyelenggaraannya sesuai dengan kode etik dan standar pelayanan profesi yang ada. Dansky mengatakan bahwa pemuasan pelanggan atau pasien adalah prinsip dasar manajemen mutu kualitas (Palutturi, 2008). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien rawat jalan terhadap kualitas pelayanan keperawatan di Puskesmas Tempe kabupaten Wajo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cros sectional study pada pasien yang memanfaatkan pelayanan rawat jalan di poliklinik umum dan gigi. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuisioner kualitas pelayanan dari segi penampilan fisik perawat, dari segi empaty perawat, dari segi daya tanggap perawat dan dari segi kehandalan. Data ditabulasi dan dilakukan interpretasi dengan menggunakan metode statistik untuk analisis univariat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap 33 responden pada masing-masing variabel menunjukan bahwa 28 orang (84,8%) mempersepsikan perasaannya puas terhadap penampilan fisik perawat, 29 orang (87,9%) mempersepsikan perasaannya puas terhadap empaty perawat, 27 orang (81,8%) mempersepsikan perasaannya puas terhadap daya tanggap perawat dan 30 orang (90,9%) mempersepsikan perasaannya puas terhadap kehandalan perawat. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa tingkat kepuasan pasien rawat jalan terhadap kualitas pelayanan keperawatan baik itu dari segi penampilan fisik, empaty, daya tanggap dan kehandalan perawat di wilayanh kerja Puskesmas Tempe kabupaten Wajo berada pada tingkat kepuasan puas.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat Dengan Pencegahan Penyakit Malaria Di Puskesmas Teling Kota Manado
Authors: Timah Stefanus
Published: January 2020

Indonesia merupakan daerah dengan iklim tropis yang sangat memungkinkan perkembangbiakan nyamuk baik anopeles, armigeres, Aedes aegyti dan Aedes albopiktus serta spesies nyamuk lainnya. Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi meningkatnya penakit malaria disebakan karena faktor kesehatan lingkungan yang kurang baik antara lain : Pembuangan sampah disembarangan tempat, Pembangunan yang tidak berwawasan lingkungan, Kelembabapan yang tinggi, Curah hujan, drainase yang kurang baik dan lain-lain, Dari laporan penderita penyakit malaria di Puskesmas Teling Kota Manado, pada tahun 2016 yaitu sejak bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2016 tercatat sesuai dengan profil Puskesmas Teling terdapat 80 penderita penyakit malaria. Adapun tujuan penelitian yaitu Diketahui Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pencegahan malaria di Puskesmas Teling Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian Deskriptif analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study, waktu penelitian pada bulan Maret tahun 2017 dan tempat penelitian di Puskesmas Teling Atas. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan pencegahan malaria, selanjutnya terdapat hubungan bermakna antara sikap dengan pencegahan malaria.
HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA DENGAN KINERJA PERAWAT DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN PATIENT SAFETY DI RUMAH SAKIT STELLA MARIS MAKASSAR
Authors: Beda Nikodemus Sili , Komariah Euis Dedeh , Anggriani Elni , Feramita Bettoen Talumba
Published: January 2020

Keselamatan pasien di Rumah Sakit adalah suatu sistem dimana masalah yang mempengaruhi kinerja yaitu beban kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan staf/perawat yang tersedia. Tujaun dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan beban kerja dengan kinerja perawat dalam mengimplementasikan patien safety di Rumah Sakit Stella Maris Makassar. Desai penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectionalstudy. Besar sampel adalah 80 responden  dengan teknik probability sampling dengan pendekatan simple random sampling. Instrument yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan sebanyak 59 responden (73,8%) yang beban kerja lebih dan sebanyak 62 (77,6%) yang memiliki kinerja baik. Dari hasil uji chi square di peroleh nilai p = 0,004, yang menunjukkan nilai p<α yaitu α =0,05 sehingga hipotesis alternative (Ha) diterima dan hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak. Artinya ada hubungan beban kerja dengan kinerja dalam mengimplementasikan patient safety di Rumah Sakit Stella Maris Makassar. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa perawat yang memiliki beban kerja lebih tidak selamanya berpengaruh kepada kinerja perawat yang  kurang.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP KEJADIAN DEPRESI, KECEMASAN DAN STRES PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Budury Syiddatul , Fitriasari Andikawati , - Khamida
Published: January 2020

Penggunaan media sosial dengan intensitas yang tinggi adalah hal yang sekarang lagi terjadi di kalangan remaja, mereka berinteraksi satu sama lain melalui media sosial, hal ini memicu terjadinya beberapa masalah kesehatan, tidak hanya fisik tapi juga kesehatan mental. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh penggunaan media sosial terhadap kejadian depresi, kecemasan dan stress pada mahasiswa. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 80 mahasiswa yang diambil secata simple random sampling, variable indepennya adalah penggunaan media sosial, variable dependen adalah depresi, kecemasan dan stress. Data diambil dengan menggunakan social media addiction scale, dan depression, anxiety, stree scale, (DASS 21) dan diolah dengan menggunakan uji multivariate Manova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 65 mahasiswa (81.5%) adalah medium user, 9 mahasiswa (11.5%) sebagai light user dan 6 mahasiswa (7.5%) sebagai heavy user. Hasil uji Manova didapatkan P value pada variable depresi sebesar 0.03, kecemasan dengan p value 0.04 dan stress dengan p value 0.02. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media  sosial terhadap terjadinya depresi, kecemasan dan stress pada mahasiswa.
The principle of patriotism in criminal law
Authors: Grishko Aleksandr , Grishko Lyudmila
Published: January 2020

The article is about the correlation of national and international legislation on the execution of sentences and treatment of convicts. About practice of activity of the international organizations on implementation of those or other establishments available in the international documents. In particular, the priority of constitutional norms and international law. The fact that the relevant international organizations, designed primarily to implement a unified policy in the field of execution of criminal penalties, often ignore this and make decisions that often do not take into account the peculiarities of national legislation, but also the norms contained in international documents.
Some features of disclosure and investigation of embezzlement of budget funds allocated within the framework of state programs to support agriculture
Authors: Akimov Vasily
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes a number of features of disclosure and investigation of embezzlement of budget funds allocated within the framework of state programs to support agriculture, provides recommendations on the type and nature of documents that can serve as evidence in criminal cases of this category. The characteristic of persons who can commit crimes of the considered type is given.
The place of criminal law in the fight against organized forms of extremist activity: theory and practice
Authors: Magnutov Yuriy
Published: January 2020

This scientific publication attempts to determine the place of criminal law in the field of countering organized forms of extremist activity. The arguments presented, based on the achievements of the doctrine, as well as legislative, law enforcement and interpretative activities, indicate the positive evolution of criminal law in the field of legal technology under consideration. In the development of the criminal policy course in the fight against extremism, the connection of criminal legislation with the Federal Law “On Countering Extremist Activities” and the Strategy for Combating Extremism in the Russian Federation until 2025 has been demonstrated. Stages of counteraction to organized forms of extremist activity with their distinctive features are highlighted. The position is argued that criminal law occupies one of the leading places in countering various forms of extremist activity.
Constitutional and legal status of the US Tax Court
Authors: Osina Dina
Published: January 2020

The article deals with characteristics of constitutional and legal status of the US Tax Court which stem from the history of its establishment and its specific place within the branches of the US Government. In particular, the US Tax Court is considered as an Article I court. The author also analyses both Russian and foreign scientific approaches towards the determination of the US Tax Court legal status.
INTEREST RATES AND LOAN PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
Authors: OGUNDIPE Adeyemi Samson , AKINTOLA Dr. Abolade Francis , OLAOYE Dr. Samuel Adebayo
Published: January 2020

There has been much speculation about the seemingly high lending rates as evident of perceived inequity on the part of bankers by their customers in reaction to huge overhang of unpaid loans in the books of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). Data for the study was collected from the financial statements of the three banks under study (UBA, FBN and GTB), as well as the CBN’s statistical database for macroeconomic variables analysed using Microsoft Excel’s regression function to perform a descriptive, correlation and regression analysis and examine the relationship between interest rates and loan repayment. This study established that there is a significant relationship between the interest rate and loan repayment, measured by credit quality using the non-performing loan ratio. This indicates that an increase in the interest rate will likely cause a corresponding increase or decrease in the credit quality. It further showed that any slight change in the lending rate would increase non-performing loan.
KEY WORDS: Prime lending rate (PLR); Monetary Policy Rate (MPR); Non-performing Loan (NPL), and loan loss provision.
РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ В СФЕРІ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА
Authors: Корецька Н.І.  , Олійник С.Б.
Published: January 2020

Досліджено рівень інвестиційної активності в сільському господарстві регіонів України, встановлено значну різницю в обсягах залучення інвестиційних вкладень, що істотно впливає на фінансові результати даного виду економічної діяльності в регіонах України. Обґрунтовано необхідність покращення інвестиційного клімату та нарощення інвестицій у галузь сільського господарства в усіх регіонах України
ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ЛОГІСТИКИ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Кулик Ю.М.
Published: January 2020

Охарактеризовано особливості розвитку логістики в Україні та її регіонах. На основі значення показника логістичної ефективності в розрізі ключових параметрів визначено основні проблеми за кожним з них. Запропоновано напрямки, завдання та засоби досягнення стабільної логістики в Україні та її регіонах
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВИДІВ ТА ВИОКРЕМЛЕННЯ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЙНИХ ОЗНАК БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Павлюк Л.В.
Published: January 2020

У науковій публікації розглядаються питання теоретичного дослідження видів та виокремлення класифікаційних ознак бізнес-процесів підприємства
СТРУКТУРНО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ РЕГІОНУ
Authors: Вахович І.М.  , Салівончик І.М.
Published: January 2020

У статті розглянуто теоретичні аспекти модернізації економіки регіону, охарактеризовано види модернізації економіки за різними класифікаціями
РОЗВИТОК СТАРТАПІВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Оксенюк К.І.
Published: January 2020

Стаття присвячена дослідженню розвитку стартапів в Україні. Проведено аналіз найуспішніших вітчизняних стартапів, які отримали міжнародне визнання та фінансування від іноземних інвесторів. Проаналізовано рейтинг України у списках міжнародних рейтингів за кількістю стартапів та можливостями залучення на їх реалізацію фінансових ресурсів. Узагальнено основні перешкоди, що найчастіше призводять до збитковості та ліквідації стартапів
ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ РОЗВИТОК РЕГІОНУ: ПОПИТ НА ІННОВАЦІЙНУ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРУ
Authors: Рудь Н.Т.
Published: January 2020

У статті досліджено місце інноваційної інфраструктури в регіональній інноваційній системі. Вказано на законодавчу базу її формування. Підтверджена органами статистики низька доля витрат на фінансування науки. Вказано частку витрат на наукові дослідження в країнах ЄС – 28. Показано, що кадровий потенціал перетікає в країни Європи. Наведено приклади залучення студентів до інновацій в Ірландії. Відмічено, що інноваційний бізнес не формує попит на інноваційну інфраструктуру. Відсутність підтримки інноваційною інфраструктурою не сприяє інноваційному розвитку підприємств. Запропоновано формувати маркетингову стратегію розвитку інноваційної інфраструктури. Уточнено коло питань для вирішення
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ЗМІНИ ТА НАПРЯМИ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ КАДРОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СФЕРИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Шубалий О.М.  , Зімич Р.В.
Published: January 2020

У статті вивчено тенденції зміни та обґрунтовано напрями покращення кадрового забезпечення сфери охорони здоров’я України
НЕТВОРКІНГ БІЗНЕСУ: ПОНЯТТЯ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ
Authors: Завадська О.М.
Published: January 2020

У статті розглянуто поняття нетворкінгу бізнесу, його важливість та актуальність в сучасному комерційному та безкомпромісному світі. Було розглянуто шляхи побудови взаємозв’язків між партнерами та встановлення домовленостей між ними, і доцільність їх використання
СТАДІЇ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА РЕГІОНУ
Authors: Ковальська Л.Л.  , Таран С.Ф.
Published: January 2020

У статті проведено дослідження стадій та особливостей розвитку інноваційного підприємництва регіону. Виділено такі стадії інноваційного підприємництва регіону: фундаментальні дослідження (зародження ідеї); комерціалізація (створення інновації); прикладна розробка (дослідне виробництво); створення інноваційного продукту (освоєння інновації); споживання. Подано авторський підхід щодо особливостей розвитку інноваційного підприємництва регіону з точки зору обґрунтування суб’єкта, об’єкта, видів, мети, цілей, завдань, результатів та принципів, а також його відмінних ознак від традиційного підприємництва
КОНСТРУКТИВНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ МЕТОДИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАДІЙНОСТІ МАЛОГАБАРИТНОЇ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ТЕХНІКИ
Authors: Солтисюк В.І.  , Семенів І.І.  , Яциків М.М.
Published: January 2020

Приведено методику відпрацювання малогабаритної сільськогосподарської техніки на технологічність конструкції з точки зору забезпечення надійності, довговічності та простоти її роботи. Встановлено критерії за якими оцінюють технологічність конструкції малогабаритної сільськогосподарської техніки. Відображені ефективні методи проектування та конструювання машин. Передбачено ряд різних загально-кількісних, технологічних і загальноекономічних показників технологічності конструкцій машин. Визначені показники розподілу деталей, що входять в машину, за призначенням, спадкоємністю, уніфікацією, точністю, вживаним матеріалам і ступеню їх використання, по ступеню технологічної складності деталей, ступені складності складальних операцій, трудомісткості і собівартості виробу. З’ясовано, що компоновку машин доцільно здійснювати з найменшим розчленовуванням на окремі складальні одиниці, при складанні можна допускати деякі припасувальні роботи, якщо виготовлення взаємозамінних деталей викликає труднощі. Компоновка машини повинна забезпечувати її розчленовування на окремі вузли і агрегати, що дозволяють вести паралельне складання, регулювання і випробування їх, а загальне складання здійснювати на потоці.
Enzyme-Resistant Dextrin from Chinese Yam Starch for Potential Application in Beverage Industry: Preparation, Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Shui-Zhong Luo , Xiang-Zhi Wu , Pei-Lin Xu , Li-Hua Pan , Zhi Zheng , Li-Li Cao , Yan-Yan Zhao , Shao-Tong Jiang
Published: January 2020

Preparation conditions, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of enzyme-resistant dextrin from Chinese yam starches, which are native, easily accessible and cheap raw materials in China, were investigated in the current study. The results showed that the enzyme-resistant fraction content in enzyme-resistant dextrin increased and the whiteness of the enzyme-resistant dextrin decreased with the increasing concentrations of hydrochloric and citric acids and the rising heating temperatures, and the prolonged heating times. Considering the manufacturing cost and the beneficial usage, the enzyme-resistant dextrin produced by heating of Chinese yam starch in the presence of hydrochloric (0.11% dsb) and citric (0.2% dsb) acids at 150°C for 60min was selected. Enzyme-resistant dextrin had a low molecular weight of about 6800 Da and rich “non-digestible” α-1,2 glycosidic bond and was well-soluble in water, stable at pH 3.0–7.0 or after heating at 85°C for 0.5 h showed, high thermal stability and high resistant to the artificial gastric juice and small intestinal fluids. These characteristics make the selected enzyme-resistant dextrin suitable for use in the soft drink industry as the soluble dietary fibres and prebiotics in the beverages. This would provide an excellent opportunity to reduce the caloric value of the beverages and exert a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora of people consuming beverages enriched with enzyme-resistant dextrins.
Synergistic Effect of Quercetin and Vitamin C in Reducing Acute Toxicity and Improving Antitumor Activity of Liposomal Doxorubicin
Authors: Qianni Zhang , Changjiang Liu , Junping Wang
Published: January 2020

This article attempts to reduce the acute toxicity of doxorubicin while preserving its antitumor effects. For this purpose, a long-circulating liposomal doxorubicin was PEGylated to treat tumor-bearing Kunming mice, and quercetin and vitamin C were orally administered simultaneously to further suppress toxicity. Quercetin is a fat-soluble flavonoid that scavenges free radicals in cell membranes, whereas vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin capable of neutralizing free radicals in the cytoplasm. Doxorubicin concentrations in the plasma and in the different organs of the mice were compared, and the detoxication effects of different combinations of reagents are discussed in detail. The results show that quercetin and vitamin C can synergistically reduce the acute toxicity of long-circulating liposomal doxorubicin and further improve its antitumor effect.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Adlay Seed Protein in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Huai-Bo Yuan , Yu-Dong Zhu , Sui-Sui Wang , Li-Na Meng
Published: January 2020

In this study, the effect of adlay seed protein on inflammation in diabetic mice and the regulation mechanism of IKK/NF-κB inflammatory pathway were investigated. A model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was established using a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin in mice. Doses of adlay seed protein, polysaccharides and a mixture were administered to diabetic mice. After gavage for four weeks, organ indices were measured. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 content. Semi-quantitative PCR was used to detect nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor protein kinase complex (IKKβ), nuclear factor kappa-β (NF-κB) p65 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The results suggested that adlay seed protein and polysaccharide gavage can effectively reduce organ index, reduce the levels of many inflammatory cytokines, and significantly decrease the expression of IKKβ, NF-κB p65 and TLR4 genes. This indicates that adlay seed protein can effectively improve insulin resistance and inflammation in diabetic mice. The mechanism of this finding could be the inhibition of the IKK/NF-κB inflammatory pathway, which reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby decreasing inflammatory responses in diabetic mice.
Optimization of Extraction Parameters for Blueberry Anthocyanins
Authors: Chu-Yan Wang , Cong-Sheng Yan , Jing-Min Cai , Yong-Lu Sun , Li-Jun Cheng , Xin-Yu Chen , Yi Zhang , Xiao-Fei Wang
Published: January 2020

The aim of this article was to study the extraction technology and basic composition of blueberry anthocyanins (BA). In this experiment, Baldwin blueberry was used as a raw material to extract anthocyanins using a combination of ultrasound extraction and ethanol extraction. The process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), and the basic composition was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the optimum extraction parameters for BA were ethanol concentration 45%, liquid-to-material ratio 20:1, ultrasound amplitude 60%, ultrasound time 29 min, and the anthocyanin content 281.79 mg/100 g. Chromatographic detection showed that Baldwin BA was mainly composed of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin. The study can provide a theoretical basis for the further development of BA and also provide a reference for the comprehensive utilization of blueberry resources.
Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharides Extracted from the Spore Powder of Ganoderma Lucidum (Fr.) Karst
Authors: Jiadi Wu , Dongliang Fei , Chenghao Fu , Chunying Jiang , Yan Zhao , Shiliang Ma
Published: January 2020

Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. has attracted much attention for its antitumor activity and low toxicity. In fact, the spores of G. lucidum may have even higher bioactivity than its fruiting body. However, there is no report on how the polysaccharides from broken spores of G. lucidum may suppress tumor growth. To make up for this gap, this article isolates a type of polysaccharide from the spore powder of G. lucidum and explores its effect on tumor growth in mice bearing 4T1 cells. The results show that the spore powder of G. lucidum could inhibit the tumor growth of 4T1-bearing mice by increasing NK cell numbers in two ways. First, the spore powder of G. lucidum suppresses Tregs to increase the percentage of NK cells, thus killing cancer cells in blood. Second, the spore powder of G. lucidum upregulates the expression of CXCR3, which recruits more NK cells from peripheral blood infiltrating in visceral organs, where NK cells secrete more granzyme B, perforin, and interferon gamma to kill cancer cells. To sum up, our research demonstrates the potential of spore powder of G. lucidum in cancer therapy.
Effect of Amylose Content on the Physicochemical Properties of Proso Millet Starch
Authors: Yu-Sheng Wang , Zhen Yu , Hai-Hua Chen , Meng-Shan Shang
Published: January 2020

The influence of amylose content (AC) on gel texture, thermal, pasting, rheological and morphologic properties, short-range order, X-ray diffraction pattern, solubility and swelling power of starches from nine proso millet cultivars was investigated. The solubility, swelling power, conclusion gelatinization temperature (Tc), gelatinization temperature range (Tc-To), gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) and cohesiveness showed a negative correlation to the AC of millet starch. Whereas the pasting temperature (PT), peak viscosity (PV), trough viscosity (TV), final viscosity (FV), setback value (SB), gel hardness, and chewiness showed a positive correlation to the AC of millet starch. The R1047/1022 values of starches ranged in 0.7−0.9, and all starches showed similar morphology features (irregular, polygonal, and spherical shape) and crystal type, which showed no correlation to the AC.
Hypericin Induced Malformation, Mortality and Hepatotoxicity During Zebrafish Development
Authors: Chao-Ming Shih , Jen-Ning Tsai , Chih-Hsien Wu , Jiunn-Liang Ko , Li-Sung Hsu
Published: January 2020

Hypericin, a major bioactive compound from St. John's-wort, has been shown to exert several pharmacological activities including anti-viral, anti-depressant, and anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of hypericin on embryonic development still remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of hypericin during embryonic development by using zebrafish as a model organism. Hypericin caused mortality and malformation in zebrafish in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, hypericin also affected the liver development in zebrafish. On the other hand, no overt alteration in angiogenesis was observed in hypericin-treated zebrafish. In addition, no inhibition of Hep3B cell proliferation was observed using xenotransplantation assay in response to hypericin treatment. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hypericin may exhibit hepatotoxicity and lead to malformation and mortality during embryonic development in zebrafish.
Evaluation of Oxalis Corymbosa Extracts from Different Plant Parts and Seasons as a Potential Source of Antioxidants
Authors: Xian-Yan Liao , Hui-Min Xu , Peng Feng , Ya-Xi Wang , Jun-Yi Huang
Published: January 2020

Oxalis corymbosa is an important medicinal and edible perennial herb widely distributed throughout the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of O. corymbosa in different plant parts and seasons. We found that different parts of the plant could be sorted in the following order, shoots > leaves > stems in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in four seasons. The highest TPC and TFC appear in shoots during winter, which were 76.63 ± 4.32 mg GAE/g and 71.22 ± 3.61 mg RE/g, respectively. Notably, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were also different among different parts in four seasons, specifically, in the order of shoots > leaves > stems. And the supreme antioxidant activities [(the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)] of DPPH and FRAP were 0.07 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 0.08 ± 0.00 mg/mL in shoots, respectively. We found that a good antioxidant potential of neutralization OH radical was higher in shoots and stems, with IC50 of 2.89 mg/mL and 2.59 mg/mL on average, respectively. In addition, the highest protection factor using the Rancimat method was 1.43 ± 0.01 in leaves. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report such finding in the extracts of Oxalidaceae. Moreover, a strong correlation between TPC, TFC and antioxidant activities was found, which indicated that phenolic compounds were the main components responsible for the antioxidant behavior of O. corymbosa. Consequently, we conclude that the shoots of O. corymbosa may have good oxidation resistance during winter due to its high TPC and TFC. This study demonstrates that O. corymbosa possessed potent antioxidant properties, and could be a valuable natural source of antioxidants used in both medicinal and food industries.
Polysaccharides from Pomelo Peels: Extraction, Optimization and their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro
Authors: Juan Yu , Hai-Yu Ji , Yu-Fang Wang , An-Jun Liu
Published: January 2020

The extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from pomelo peels were optimized by response surface methodology. The optimum polysaccharide extraction parameters were determined using a Box-Behnken design as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 34 mL/g, extraction temperature of 87ºC, extraction time of 2 h and extraction frequency of 2. Under these conditions, the corresponding yield of polysaccharides was 8.73%, which was consistent with the predicted value of 8.78%. The in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that pomelo peels polysaccharides exhibited higher scavenging activity to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, whereas relatively lower scavenging activities to superoxide anions and hydroxyl radical. Taken together, these results suggested that pomelo peels polysaccharides had the potential to be antioxidants in pharmaceutical industries and functional foods.
Comparing three Methods of Extraction of Auricularia Auricula Polysaccharides
Authors: Liang Li , Xiaoyu Yang , Lei Pan , Yue Su , Yan Wang
Published: January 2020

Auricularia auricula are rich source of bioactive polysaccharides. Three methods of extraction of polysaccharide from these fungi was studied. These methods included, water-based, ultrasonic-assisted, and enzyme-based extractions. The results showed that the enzyme-based extraction was better than ultrasonic-assisted extraction and water extraction. While abundance of polysaccharide concentration in A. auricula-judae and A. delicata were similar, their yield following enzyme-based extractions were higher than that of A. polytricha. The maximum A. auricula-judae polysaccharide concentration in enzyme-assisted extraction was obtained at a pH of 5.0, a temperature of 50°C and 3% cellulase concentration, and the polysaccharide concentration was 52.28 mg/g. The maximum A. delicata polysaccharide concentration (55.16 mg/g) was extracted at a pH of 5.0, a temperature of 50°C and 4% cellulase concentration.
CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL Y AUTOEVALUACIÓN SEGÚN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE UNA UNIVERSIDAD PÚBLICA DEL PERÚ
Authors: Chenet Zuta Manuel Enrique , Bollet Ramírez Frank , Vargas Espinoza Jorge Luis , Canchari Fierro Yoselyn Erika
Published: January 2020

El clima organizacional ha tomado relevanciaen el proceso de autoevaluación desarrollado por lasuniversidades, como primera etapa de la acreditación.La investigación tomó como objetivo determinar larelación entre clima organizacional y autoevaluaciónsegún los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de laComunicación de la Universidad Nacional del Centrodel Perú. El estudio fue básico, cuantitativo, de diseñodescriptivo correlacional simple. La población estuvocompuesta por 314 estudiantes, el tamaño de muestrafue de 174 alumnos distribuidos en 10 ciclos mediante elmuestreo por estratos. El proceso de prueba de hipótesishizo uso del coeficiente r de Pearson, obteniéndose unar de 0,684 y sig.<0.05. La lectura de estos resultadosdetermina que existe una relación positiva media entreclima organizacional y autoevaluación en la muestra deestudio.
Keputihan Pada Wanita Usia Subur Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Sirsak
Authors: Suwanti Suwanti , Koto Yonferizal MR
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The leaves of the soursop, woman of fertile age, Whitish. Whitish is the complaint most often found in women. Cause of vaginal discharge is a matter of cleanliness around the sex organs, such as less clean when dry the sex organs after urination and defecation. Soursop leaf oil contains asitrin, sineol 50% -65%, a- pinene, limonene and dipenten, mngandung asetogini compounds, among others asimisin, bulatasin and skuamosin. Peneitian goal is to determine the effectiveness of the use of soursop leaves against vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. The research design was quasi experiment with pretest posttes approach, where the study was conducted grouping members of the experimental group. The subjects of this study were women of childbearing age who experience vaginal discharge by 30 samples. The statistical test used in this study is the Mann Whitney U Test. The results showed that women of childbearing age who experience vaginal discharge cured after taking the leaf extract of soursop 23 people (76.7%).
Effektivitas Infusa Akar Manis Sebagai Anti Tukak Lambung Tikus Yang Diinduksi Asetosal
Authors: Santoso Joko
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The use of NSAID-class drugs such as acetosal is widely used by the community, which can cause peptic ulcers. Gastric ulcers are damaged in the mucosal and sub mucosal tissues. Indonesia is rich in traditional medicinal ingredients such as liquorice that can serve as an ingredient of anti ulcers. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the effectiveness of the extract of sweet root as gastroprotektor. Design of laboratory experiment post test with control. A total of 30 male Wistar strains of 2-3 months old, with 100-250 gram weight divided into 6 groups, each group consisted of 5 randomly divided animal animals, ie KI (sweet root) 5 mg / 200g BB), K.II (sweet root 10 mg/ 200g BB), K.III (sweet root 15 mg / 200g BB), K. IV (sucralfat 72 mg / 200g BB), K. V (acetosal 90 Mg / 200 g BB) and K.VI (without treatment). All treatments were administered orally for seven days. Observations were macroscopic and microscopic gastric mice. The results of the study: Group III had the greatest gastroprotector compared with other groups as indicated by the number of lesions,lesion area, damage score, number of mast cells and eosinophil cells were lower than those given the assetosal group (p <0.05)
Aktifitas Tabir Surya Dengan Nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Sediaan Losion Kombinasi Ekstrak Kayu Manis Dan Ekstrak Kulit Delima Pada Paparan Sinar Matahari Dan Ruang Tertutup
Authors: Rusita Youstiana Dwi , A.S Indarto
Published: January 2020

Abstract : SPF, Kayumanis, Pomegranate, Lotions. The Sun produces ultraviolet radiation that causes damage to the skin texture, premature aging, burning skinreactions and skin cancer in exposed skin in a long period. One of the ways to protect skin from UV radiation use sunscreen lotions. Stem bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomun burmani) and pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) is known as an antioxidant activity and have a compound that is potentially as sunscreens. This research aims to know the activity of sunscreen with an SPF value of sunscreen lotions of pomegranate peel and cinnamon extract and the warming rays of the Sun and closed space. The determination of the value of the sun protection factor is done with methods of in vitro in Mansur using spectrophotometer UV-Vis. SPF Value calculated based on the Absorbance at a wavelength of 290-320 nm. The result is a non parametric Test is analyzed using MannWhitney test. Results of organoleptic the colored is yellow brown, like to emultion and shaped the distinctive, smell of cinnamon, less homogeneous, showed the value of pH5.63, dispersive power 6 cm, adhesion 1.75 seconds and viscosity 5,500 cps. Preparations that are exposed in the Sunlight showed the value of SPF 20.146 hereaspreparations stored in enclosed space showed the value of SPF 26.398. The results of statistical tests indicate that there is no difference between the SPF on reparations that are exposed to sunlight and in a closed space with alpha value > 0.05.
Analisis Faktor Sosiodemografi Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Pemilihan Tempat Persalinan Di Kabupaten Bangkalan
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun , Esyuananik Esyuananik , Nurlaili Anis
Published: January 2020

Abstract : Parents Factors, Decisions, Selection Of Delivery Places. Maternal and Infant Mortality Rate in Indonesia remains high. Approximately 95% of maternal deaths occur during labor due to obstetric complications. Efforts are made by doing delivery in health facilities so it does not happen late referred and handled and can be anticipated if maternity in health facilities. Factors that are considered to influence the decision of maternity selection by maternity mothers are socio-demographic factors, namely education & culture. High knowledge about health services causes individuals to tend to use health care facilities. This study aims to analyze the Sociodemografi Factors that Affect Decision Selection Place Birth to Maternity Mother. The research design using explanatory survey method with cross sectional design. This population are maternity mother in August-2016 with 51 samples of with multi stage sampling technique at coastal cluster, town and mountains, is Sepuluh health centers, Arosbaya health center and Galis health center. The data were taken by using quesioner and analized by Chi-Khuadrat. The results showed that the sociodemographic factor did not significantly influence the decision of maternity selection in maternal mother (p value>0,05). It is recommended that midwives further improve counseling in pregnant women in the third trimester related to preparing for the delivery process, among othersthrough.
Hubungan Asupan Energy Dengan Status Gizi Anak Pra Sekolah Usia 4-5 Tahun Di TK Al Islam Jamsaren Surakarta
Authors: Kurniawati Anik , Suwanti Endang
Published: January 2020

Background: The nutritional status of children is influenced by two factors, namely the direct factor in food intake and infectious diseases and indirect causes. Nutritional factors are known to play an important role in determining the growth of a child. When experiencing growth, cells in the body need energy to divide, if energy requirements are not met, cell division will be inhibited and the effect will be seen through anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Objective, To determine the relationship between energy intake and nutritional status of preschoolers aged 4-5 years at Al Islam 1 Jamsaren Kindergarten in Surakarta. The research hypothesis, there is a relationship between energy intake and nutritional status of pre-school age children 4-5 years old at Al Islam Jamsaren Kindergarten in Surakarta. Method: This type of research is this study using a cross sectional approach. The target population in this study was the population in this study were all mothers and children aged 4-5 years in Al Islam 1 TK Jamsaren Surakarta totaling 89 people. Samples were taken by purposive technique with a sample of 47 respondents. Analysis of sperman rank test data. Results: Showed that the majority of respondents had a moderate energy intake of 17 (36.2%) respondents and most had good nutritional status 38 (80.8%) respondents. Conclusion: There is a relationship between energy intake and the nutritional status of pre-school children aged 4-5 years in Surakarta Jamsaren Kindergarten with p value 0.02.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NA AMÉRICA LATINA E CARIBE:
Authors: Grisa Catia , Sabourin Eric , Le Coq Jean-François
Published: January 2020

Partindo de pesquisas realizadas anteriormente pela Rede Políticas Públicas e Desenvolvimento Rural na América Latina e Caribe (Rede PP-AL) e atualizadas para sete países da região (Argentina, Brasil, Costa Rica, Nicarágua, Paraguai, Peru e Uruguai) – apresentados neste dossiê –, o artigo procura realizar um balanço dos principais resultados evidenciados na temática “Políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar na América Latina” e apontar lacunas para uma nova agenda de pesquisa. Nesta perspectiva, o artigo foi organizado em quatro partes. A primeira aborda algumas características da agricultura familiar na região. A segunda discute o modo como os Estados nacionais vêm reconhecendo político e institucionalmente essa categoria social. A terceira procura discutir os “tipos” de ações e políticas públicas direcionadas para a agricultura familiar, e algumas de suas características. Por fim, propõe-se uma agenda de pes- quisa a partir das análises já realizadas e das lacunas evidenciadas.
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR Y CAPITALISMO AGRARIO EN LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE NICARAGUA:
Authors: Fréguin-Gresh Sandrine , J. Pérez Francisco
Published: January 2020

O objetivo do artigo é analisar as trajetórias das políticas agrárias e agropecuárias na Nicarágua visando compreender como a agricultura familiar emergiu na agenda política nacional. A partir de revisão de literatura e entrevistas com atores chaves, a análise mostra que as políti- cas historicamente favoreceram a grande propriedade privada (fazendas e agroindústrias) e tiveram como meta a promoção de produtos para a exportação. Esta situação ocorreu em um contexto em que, dada a prevalência das políticas macroeconômicas, a produção agropecuária jogava o papel importante de melhorar a balança de pagamentos. Desde 2007, com a promulgação do Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento Humano orientado a melhorar as condições da população marginalizada, a política setorial se orienta explicitamente a favor da agricultura familiar, promovendo a pequena agroindústria e, ao mesmo tempo, mantendo apoio aos produtos para exportação por meio da política fiscal. Os programas de apoio permitiram melhorar a situação dos produtores familiares, gerando novos desafios para a política pública.
SUPEREXPLORAÇÃO DA FORÇA DE TRABALHO NA AGROPECUÁRIA BRASILEIRA:
Authors: Alves do Nascimento Carlos , Rufino de Aquino Joacir
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem um duplo objetivo: i) propor uma metodologia para mensuração do contingente de trabalhadores superexplorados na agropecuária no Brasil; e ii) argumentar que, para atingir o primeiro objetivo, não há necessidade de saber qual o valor da força de trabalho, mas o seu valor de troca. Além disso, propõe-se que o salário mínimo calculado pelo DIEESE pode ser usado como uma proxy do valor de troca da força de trabalho. O período utilizado na análise foi 2002 a 2014, usando a PNAD/IBGE. Com base nessa proposta metodológica, apresenta-se um cálculo aproximado do que poderíamos considerar como famílias de trabalhadores superexplorados na agropecuária brasileira. Observa-se que, mesmo após mais de uma década de governo do Partido dos Trabalhadores, em que houve redução do contingente de superexplorados, registrava-se, em 2014, que quase a metade da amostra analisada (48,3%) ainda era de superexplorados.