bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Appointment” and Spontaneous Field Situations: Ethnographic Fieldwork in the Hungarian Communities of American Industrial Towns and Mining Settlements
Authors: Balogh Balázs
Published: July 2019

To create context, the study first recounts, in a nutshell, the emigration history of Hungarian Americans and the main features of their American integration. In addition to discussing the specific fieldwork goals and experiences, the article seeks to present the theoretical background of the fieldwork concept of the research. The author began his research in the United States in 2006, where he has been regularly returning to conduct ethnographic fieldwork ever since. From the great emigration wave that began at the end of the nineteenth century up until today, he examines the history, institutional networks, and socio-ethnographic aspects of Hungarian communities on the East Coast and in the Midwest, including acculturation, identity change, and contacts with the homeland. When developing his fieldwork concept, for his guiding principle he chose to combine the individual identity construction model with capsule theory. Hungarian American emigrants who have been forced to switch cultures have been living their lives in a “time and mentality capsule”. The part brought from the old country resides inside the capsule, while everything outside is part of the new environment. This duality can be complemented by the potential role of the local community, which directly surrounds the individual in the alien new country. Examination of this particular capsule is only possible in the field. In the course of fieldwork, the main question becomes: to what extent do the adopted patterns of behavior, the desire to meet American social expectations, and the efforts that are internally controlled and realized, allow a look into these capsules? Such fieldwork is characterized by a duality of scheduled appointments pre-arranged with prospective informants, and spontaneous field situations. In the Hungarian communities of industrial towns, fieldwork consisted predominantly (almost exclusively) of the “appointment” type of data collection, while in the case of former mining settlements on the brink of extinction, spontaneously developing ethnographic data collection was more typical. Participation in events linked to dates and venues, data collecting at these occasions, and getting acquainted with event participants for later interviewing is the third option besides the fieldwork situations mentioned above. Finally, the paper attempts to demonstrate through several examples of the ways in which fieldwork can enrich the information gained from documents with additional data, tangible memorabilia, and the memories related to them.
Conflict and Fieldwork
Authors: Nagy Zoltán
Published: July 2019

In the first part of this study, I will take into consideration the possible relationships between the anthropologist and the subjects being researched with regards to the terms informant, friendship and cooperation, focusing on the possible connections between them and their impacts. It seems obvious that the relationship between the anthropologist and locals can only function if mutual trust develops in an atmosphere that enables research subjects to reveal themselves and the researcher to collect information effectively. It would seem that the prerequisite for this on the part of the researcher is friendliness, but this gives rise to the question of whether friendliness and positive relations are the only elements necessary for the research to be successful. In other words, is it possible to imagine that fieldwork can sometimes benefit from a lack of friendly behaviour? Is it plausible that occasional conflict between the anthropologist and locals or local individuals may facilitate effective research and assimilation? Using an event from my own fieldwork, I will attempt to show how conflict in a given situation can be decidedly constructive to the researcher and how in certain cases unplanned and spontaneous contact that crosses the line of self-censorship toward deliberate confrontation can be significant with regards to the success of the research.
Adam Smith, Thomas Chalmers and the formation of a moral economy
Authors: Thomas Bill
Published: July 2019

This paper argues that the contemporary church needs to re-engage with the task of training individuals (both within the church and without) to become morally responsible members of commercial society. It examines practices of church involvement in the moral training of secular society advocated by Adam Smith and Thomas Chalmers in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Scotland as potential models for this.
Research of influence of adhesive additives on physical and chemical properties of road bitumens
Authors: Uglova Evgenia , Eremenko Eugene , Sikachyova Natalya , Kuzin Kiril
Published: July 2019

To increase the adhesion strength (wetting ability) of bitumen, and, consequently, reduce the likelihood of premature occurrence of defects formed on asphalt concrete coatings, it is necessary to use various kinds of surfactants that increase the adhesion ability of bitumen. Adhesive additives to road bitumens increase the mobility of the organic binder, help reduce the number of uncoated grains of mineral material, which facilitates the compaction of asphalt concrete mix.

One of the problems of durability of asphalt concrete pavements is the lack of strong adhesion of the bitumen film to the surface of the mineral material. To increase this strength, various adhesive additives are used, which affect not only the adhesive properties of bitumen, but also its physical and chemical properties.

The main task of the work is aimed at solving the issues of the influence of adhesive additives on the physicochemical properties of organic binders used in road construction. The quality assessment of the modified bitumen was carried out according to GOST 22245-90, which, at present, is guided by the selection of the composition of the asphalt concrete mixture.

As a result of the study, effective adhesive additives were identified that contribute to the minimal change in the physicochemical properties of viscous road bitumen and possess thermal stability under prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures. Studies have shown that almost all adhesive additives not only improve the adhesive properties of organic binders to mineral materials, but also can alter and even worsen the physicochemical properties of the original organic binder, which can adversely affect the properties of asphalt concrete. The study used the original bitumen from only one manufacturer and the negative effect of adhesive additives may be due to the incompatible chemical composition of the adhesive additive with the group composition of bitumen and the mineralogical composition of the mineral material.
Production technology of prefabricated structures using fibre cement
Authors: Spiridonov Nikolay , Lapidus Azariy
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the production technology of prefabricated structures using fiber cement. Studying the properties of these structures, the author points out that the use of fiber cement made of polymer fibers is advisable in the manufacturing process of prefabricated structures, as a result of their use increases crack resistance, impact strength, fracture toughness, wear resistance, frost resistance, cavitation resistance, and also decreases shrinkage and creep Also in the article noted that the use of fiber cement structures without reinforcement is possible, if their primary work is aimed at compression in the case of the location of the longitudinal compressive force within the cross-section of the element or if the longitudinal compressive force is located outside the cross-section of the element and the bend, but it should be borne in mind that their destruction should not create an immediate danger to such objects, the life and health of workers, it is also necessary to control the serviceability and safety of the equipment.

The author comes to the conclusion that today there are a number of opportunities to create high-strength fibroblasts of new generation, using domestic raw materials. Modern effective types of fiber make it possible to simplify the process of its introduction and mixing in the concrete mix, as well as make it possible to use technological equipment that is used in the manufacture of conventional concrete. At the same time, it is possible to obtain and use fiber cement mixtures with high mobility.
The device layers and transport facilities of hemihydrate phosphogypsum (waste byproduct of the production of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers)
Authors: Kochetkov Andrey , Shchegoleva Natal’ya , Korotkovskiy Sergey , Talalai Victor , Vasilyev Yury , Shashkov Igor
Published: July 2019

The implementation of the proposed innovative project on the use of phosphogypsum waste in road construction will: solve the problem of recycling and processing of phosphogypsum by using it as a local by-material for the construction of roadbed and foundations of roads; replace natural gypsum with cheaper raw materials for cement, construction and road industry; reduce the cost of construction of roads and extend the turnaround time by improving the quality of their properties.

Road with the use of phosphogypsum is cheaper by 30 % than roads with traditional technologies. In the swampy area due to the characteristics of the material, combining solidity and lightness, phosphogypsum is not interchangeable at all. It allows you to make reliable and durable roads. The design is obtained up to five times stronger than the required standards. At the same time, at the first stage of construction of the road, it is possible to make an intermediate type, making the bases of phosphogypsum, and later laying the remaining structural layers of crushed stone and asphalt. In this case, the coating of technical gypsum is not destroyed, even with the passage of heavy tracked vehicles and at low temperatures.
IS OBESITY A RISK FACTOR FOR FREE VASCULARIZED FIBULAR FLAP COMPLICATIONS?
Authors: Iamaguchi Raquel Bernardelli , Moraes Marco Aurélio de , Silva Gustavo Bersani , Cho Alvaro Baik , Iwase Fernanda do Carmo , Wei Teng Hsiang , Rezende Marcelo Rosa de , Mattar Jr Rames
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: Although our knowledge of bone reconstruction through microsurgery has increased, the vascularized fibula flap remains one of the most difficult free flap reconstructions to perform, and complications remain a challenge. The incidence of obesity is increasing and is associated with higher rates of free flap complications, which can lead to disastrous results. Since there is no consensus in literature regarding the influence of obesity on free flap outcomes in orthopedic surgeries that require segmental bone reconstruction, the objective of this study was to determine whether obesity increases the risk of post-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III) after free vascularized fibular flap surgery. Methods: A cohort study was conducted in all patients undergoing free flap limb reconstructions between July 2014 and July 2018. Patients were separated in two groups based on their body mass index (BMI): non-obese and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2). Results: Twenty-three free vascularized fibular flaps were studied. The indications included trauma in 13, tumors in 7, and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia in 3. Obese patients were associated with an increase in surgical complications (p=0.038). During the final follow-up, consolidation was obtained in 17 patients (74%). Conclusion: Obesity is a risk factor for complications in free vascularized fibular flap surgery. Level of evidence IV, original article.
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF EXTREMITY SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS LIMB-SPARING SURGERY AND RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Dogan Özlem Yetmen , Oksuz Didem Çolpan , Atalar Banu , Dincbas Fazilet Oner
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the prognostic factors and results of limb sparing surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with non-metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities. Methods: Between 1980-2007, 114 extremity-located STS treated with PORT were analyzed retrospectively. Tumors were mostly localized in the lower extremities (71,9%). The median radiotherapy (RT) dose was 60.9 Gy. Chemotherapy was administered to 37.7% of the patients. Tumor sizes were between 3-26 cm (median 7 cm). The three most frequent histological types included undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (26.3%), liposarcoma (25.4%), and synovial sarcoma (13.2%). The median follow-up for all patients was 60 months, and 81 months for survivors. Results: The 5- and 10-year local control (LC) rates were 77% and 70.4%, respectively; actuarial survival rates for 5 and 10 years were 71.8% and 69.1%, respectively. Increasing the dose above 60 Gy for all patients and the patients with positive margins demonstrated a clear benefit on 5-year LC (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively). Based on multivariate analysis, the addition of chemotherapy and RT dose were independent prognostic factors for LC. A recurrent presentation significantly affects the disease-free survival. Conclusions: PORT for STS of the extremities provides good long-term disease control with acceptable toxicity in a multidisciplinary approach. Level of evidence III, Retrospective study.
SOFT-TISSUE INJURY TO THE FOOT AND ANKLE: LITERATURE REVIEW AND STAGED MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
Authors: Godoy-Santos Alexandre Leme , Schepers Tim
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Complex trauma of the foot and ankle is characterized by fractures with severe soft tissue damage associated with neurovascular injury and joint involvement. These injuries are frequently present in the polytraumatized patient and are a predictor of unfavorable clinical outcome. In the initial approach to a patient with complex foot and ankle trauma, the decision between amputation and reconstruction is crucial. The various existing classification systems are of limited effectiveness and should serve as tools to assist and support a clinical decision rather than as determinants of conduct. In the emergency department, one of two treatment options must be adopted: early complete treatment or staged treatment. The former consists of definitive fixation and immediate skin coverage, using either primary closure (suturing) or flaps, and is usually reserved for less complex cases. Staged treatment is divided into initial and definitive. The objectives in the first phase are: prevention of the progression of ischemia, necrosis and infection. The principles of definitive treatment are: proximal-to-distal bone reconstruction, anatomic foot alignment, fusions in severe cartilage lesions or gross instabilities, stable internal fixation and adequate skin coverage. Level of evidence III, Systematic review of level III studies.
Evaluación del entendimiento de ondas mecánicas utilizando un test de opción múltiple en español
Authors: Barniol Pablo , Zavala Genaro
Published: July 2019

Resumen El “Mechanical Waves Conceptual Survey (MWCS)”, es el test de opciones múltiples más importante diseñado hasta la fecha para evaluar el entendimiento de estudiantes universitarios en cuatro temas de ondas mecánicas: propagación, superposición, reflexión y ondas estacionarias. En este estudio se presenta una modificación significativa de este test en español. El test fue implementado con 418 estudiantes que terminaban un curso que cubre los temas evaluados por el test en una universidad privada mexicana. Los cuatro objetivos del presente artículo son: (1) presentar el test en español y su proceso de rediseño, (2) mostrar que es un instrumento de evaluación confiable con poder discriminatorio adecuado, (3) exponer un análisis detallado del entendimiento de los estudiantes en los conceptos evaluados en el test, y (4) establecer recomendaciones específicas, basadas en los análisis previos, para la instrucción de estos conceptos. De esta forma, este artículo ofrece un análisis exhaustivo de dificultades de entendimiento, recomendaciones basadas en investigación y un test disponible en el Apéndice que pueden ser empleados por investigadores del área de la enseñanza de la física, y por profesores que enseñen el tema de ondas mecánicas en cursos de física en países hispanohablantes.
EIRAS E BEIRAS: ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL A PESSOAS COM PROBLEMAS DECORRENTES DO USO DE DROGAS
Authors: Assunção Júlia Inácia Vieira , Vale Aléxa Rodrigues , Oliveira Andrea Alves , Nilo Daniela Navarro , Mariano Doriane Santos , Palata Fernanda Gomes , Fonseca Marjorie Cristina Santana , Marques Rafaela Ferreira , Gomes Thaísa Borges , Santos Thamires Maria Miranda , Vecchia Marcelo Dalla
Published: July 2019

RESUMO A oferta de estágios acadêmico-profissionalizantes é um recurso para reduzir lacunas relacionadas à formação para a atuação no campo de álcool e outras drogas. Apresentam-se reflexões acerca do projeto terapêutico singular (PTS) como tecnologia de cuidado na atenção psicossocial a pessoas com problemas decorrentes do uso de drogas e os seus efeitos da sua adoção na formação de estudantes de Psicologia. A abordagem da família como unidade de cuidado, o estabelecimento de vínculos e o respeito à autonomia foram ressaltados no decorrer do desenvolvimento da experiência de estágio. Nota-se que o ato de cuidar é central para a consolidação de um modelo de atenção contra-hegemônico. Aponta-se ainda a necessidade de aprofundamento na construção teórica acerca do modelo de atenção de usuários de drogas na perspectiva da saúde pública.
Geoffrey Rose e o princípio da precaução: para construir a prevenção quaternária na prevenção
Authors: Tesser Charles Dalcanale , Norman Armando Henrique
Published: July 2019

A prevenção tem sido medicalizada gerando danos iatrogênicos frequentes. Isso demanda prevenção quaternária (P4): evitar medicalização/intervencionismo desnecessários e danos iatrogênicos correlatos. Apresentamos, neste artigo, uma articulação conceitual orientadora da P4 na prevenção. Geoffrey Rose distinguiu entre medidas preventivas “redutivas” (reduzem riscos derivados da vida moderna, como sedentarismo e ultraprocessados na alimentação) e “aditivas” (adicionam fatores artificiais protetores, como vacinações, rastreamentos, fármacos hipolipemiantes). O grande potencial de danos das medidas preventivas aditivas exige aplicação sistemática do princípio da precaução. Este orienta que, havendo dúvidas científicas sobre danos potenciais significativos de uma atividade, o Estado deve ativamente evitá-los, por meio de atribuição do ônus da prova de eficácia/segurança da atividade aos proponentes, exploração de alternativas inofensivas e aumento da participação pública na decisão. Tal aplicação, crucial para a P4 na prevenção, amiúde não ocorre em práticas preventivas de alta prevalência e iatrogenia.
A qualidade da mobilidade de estudantes de graduação no “Ciências sem Fronteiras”
Authors: Fagundes Caterine , Luce Maria Beatriz , Silveira Paloma Dias
Published: July 2019

Resumo Trata-se de avaliar a qualidade de um programa de mobilidade internacional estudantil e sua pertinência para o país. O artigo apresenta um estudo ex-post-facto , quali-quantitativo, de caráter descritivo, baseado em percepções de estudantes de graduação participantes de mobilidade pelo Programa “Ciência sem Fronteiras”. Constatou-se que o Programa, além de proporcionar novas experiências acadêmicas e conhecimentos, em diferentes contextos de aprendizagem, corroborou suas expectativas relacionadas à valorização profissional e à empregabilidade. Por conseguinte, pode, eventualmente, contribuir para uma positiva avaliação dessa política pública que visava a proporcionar aos jovens melhor formação acadêmico-cultural e, ao Brasil, mais sustentabilidade e competitividade no cenário mundial. De outra parte, foi possível levantar elementos para o aperfeiçoamento da gestão de larga escala e institucional de programas de mobilidade internacional estudantil.
200 años de guerra y paz en Colombia: números y rasgos estilizados
Authors: Giraldo Ramírez Jorge , Fortou Jose Antonio , Gómez Caicedo María Paulina
Published: July 2019

Este artículo presenta las conclusiones de un estudio cuantitativo y longitudinal sobre las guerras civiles colombianas, desde el momento de la constitución del país como unidad política estable, y de las formas como se accedió a la paz después de cada una de ellas. Incluye, además, una comparación cuantitativa con los demás países de Hispanoamérica. Se concluye que hay diferencias críticas entre las guerras del siglo XIX y l as del XX, en cuanto a duración y severidad, así como en cuanto a las formas de la paz (victorias y amnistías o acuerdos negociados), con excepción de la Guerra de Los Mil Días.
Algunas lecturas francesas de las independencias hispanoamericanas
Authors: Escobar Villegas Juan Camilo , Maya Salazar Adolfo León
Published: July 2019

En este artículo, se analiza la documentación producida por autores franceses o afrancesados, en la cual América y sus procesos de independencia, en particular los hispanoamericanos, ocupan un lugar central. Se localiza un importante corpus documental que incluye libros e impresos periódicos. Algunos de ellos fueron de uso en las escuelas primarias y secundarias francesas, otros circularon entre académicos y profesores universitarios. También se analizan algunos textos provenientes de conmemoraciones americanistas, como discursos de legatarios o personalidades con prestigio político o científico, y textos literarios que concursaron en variados eventos vinculados con las celebraciones y conmemoraciones de la Independencia. A partir de ellos, se proponen cinco ejes de reflexión: primero, desde la perspectiva de las representaciones sociales, políticas y culturales de las independencias hispanoamericanas, donde las preocupaciones investigativas están orientadas a lo que se dice que pasó y menos a lo que pasó. Segundo, la reiteración de la categoría influencia para pensar las relaciones decimonónicas entre América y Francia subraya la originalidad de las ideas ilustradas y la Revolución Francesa; en cambio, las revoluciones hispanoamericanas representarían una de sus consecuencias más o menos distorsionada a este lado del Atlántico. Tercero, el lenguaje hermenéutico de lo que se dice que pasó instituyó mitos políticos modernos, asociados directamente con una revolución exitosa, igualitaria, libertaria y fraterna. Cuarto, en el contexto planetario de las dinámicas de modernización política, “lo francés” debe ser pensado como una parte de los procesos de mundialización de la modernidad. Quinto, el examen social y cultural de la producción intelectual presentada permite una mirada crítica a las historias nacionales (Francia, Colombia, España, México, etc.) o continentales (Europa, América, Latinoamérica, etc.), de tal forma que se puedan comprender mejor los procesos de modernización.
Breeding Scheme and Selection of Animals for DiaComp Experiments v1
Authors: Maeda Nobuyo , Smithies Oliver , Takahashi Nobuyuki
Published: July 2019

Summary It is extremely important to measure quantitative parameters (e.g. plasma glucose, urinary albumin, etc.) in a way that minimizes the effects of any adventitious variables, such as seasonal changes, dietary differences, any differences in the degrees of backcrossing, or unplanned differences in genotypes. This means that, whenever possible, mice of the critical genotypes should be obtained from genotypically identical matings carried out at or close to the same time. Archival data are not appropriate. The breeding scheme to generate the experimental animals can vary in complexity, depending on the fertility of the two genders, whether the Testgene is to be studied in homozygotes or in heterozygotes, and whether the diabetes is induced genetically or by STZ. However, it is important to remember that, when looking for the effects of the Testgene genotype on diabetic complications, the aim is to compare the Testgene mutant/mutant (or Testgene mutant/wt) diabetic animals with their diabetic litter mates that are wildtype at the Testgene locus (Testgene wt/wt). Reference Wang, C-H, Li, F, Hiller, S, Kim, H-S, Maeda, N, Smithies, O, and Takahashi, N. A modest decrease in endothelial NOS in mice comparable to that associated with human NOS3 variants exacerbates diabetic nephropathy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108(5): 2070-2075 (2011) PMID: 21245338 PMCID: PMC3033253. Diabetic Complications:
Dechorionation of zebrafish embryos with Pronase for metronidazole-mediated ß-cell ablation v1
Authors: Rieger Sandra
Published: July 2019

Summary: Zebrafish embryos develop in their eggshell (the chorion) until hatching (~48-72 hours post fertilization). Because the chorion is impermeable to water, it needs to be removed prior to metronidazole treatment and β-cell ablation in Tg(ins:NTR-mCherry) transgenic zebrafish embryos. This can be achieved either with forceps or by enzymatic removal using Pronase. The earliest time of removal should be after completion of gastrulation to avoid bursting of the yolk and potential infections. Diabetic Complication:
Determinants of Intergenerational Family Solidarity during the Great Recession: the Spanish Case.
Authors: Sánchez Fuentes Antonio Jesús , López López Teresa , González Hincapié Viviana
Published: July 2019

In the context of an economic crisis that has affected countries in Southern Europe especially and that has called into question the public pillar of the intergenerational contract, i.e. pensions, literature has shown an increasing interest in analyzing the other intergenerational pillar, which is largely based on family solidarity and which has been insufficiently explored for the Spanish case. Therefore, based on official data provided by the Time Use Survey (TUS) and the Household Budget Survey (HBS), an effort has been made to identify, through multivariate models, the individual factors that determined certain expressions of family solidarity and their participation and intensity of time and money transfers among family members in one of the most critical moments of this crisis in Spain (2009/2010). The results question the idea that the unemployed and the retired have been net recipients during the crisis, revealing that it is insufficient to consider only a single manifestation of solidarity, the financial one, when accounting for the wide range of support and transfers that circulate among family members.
Dimensions of Violence against the Elderly and Health Conditions: a Population-based Study in Southern Brazil
Authors: Bolsoni Carolina Carvalho , Lindner Sheila Rubia , D’Orsi Eleonora , Salema Coelho Elza Berger
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of violence and its association with the health conditions of the elderly. The method used was a cross-sectional study with 1140 elderly individuals aged 60 and older of both sexes interviewed in years 2013 and 2014 in Florianópolis, Brazil. The prevalence and dimensions of violence were measured using the Hawlek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. To test the association of violence with health conditions, a bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was applied; the analyzes were stratified by sex. A high prevalence of violence against the elderly (25,7%) was found, regarding the dimensions of violence, potential abuse (56,1% p = 0,039) and violation of personal rights or direct abuse (31,9% p = 0,012) was higher among males compared to females, while the vulnerability characteristics were higher in both sexes and did not present statistical difference between them (p = 0,857). We highlight the relevance of depressive symptoms among health conditions, which increased the chance of suffering violence about three times for both men and women. We hope that the evidence presented may support effective actions to prevent violence against the elderly.
The Concept of Transnational Consumer Law in the Modern World
Authors: Muratova O. V.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes that have taken place in the regulation of cross-border contractual relations with the participation of consumers in connection with the development of information and telecommunication technologies and e-commerce. The author examines the concept of «transnational online contract» and the influence of a «digital element» on the characteristics of contractual relations. Also, the paper provides for the classification of online contracts with due regard to: 1) the subject matter of the online contract; 2) characteristics of the parties involved in the online contractual relationship; 3) the process of concluding and executing the online contract.

Attention is drawn to the fact that new methods of conclusion of contracts has predetermined the emergence of new approaches to qualification of certain aspects of contractual relations between the parties, in particular, it concerns determining the moment of contract conclusion, distinguishing between offer and invitation to offer in online interaction, assessing the validity of online contracts and dispute resolution mechanisms online.

The article analyzes the impact of globalization of trade on consumer markets, mechanisms of regulation of transnational consumer relations in the context of e-commerce. It is noted that globalization of trade has pointed to the need to develop a transnational approach to the regulation of e-commerce, to unify and harmonize relevant legal instruments. The author examines the steps taken in this direction within the framework of UNCITRAL, the EU, by the representatives of American business. It is concluded that the US policy concerning consumer protection is aimed at implementation of economic interests of business, which promotes competition and commercial prosperity in the market, but at the same time puts consumers at risk when concluding online contracts. This approach runs counter to the EU policies that promote implementation of social regulation in order to maximize consumer protection.

The authors consider Lex mercatoria as a separate source of transnational consumer law.
Transformation of Matrimonial and Family Relations in the Context of a Network Society
Authors: Savenko O. E.
Published: July 2019

The relevance of the study lies in the existence of a larger range of socially significant processes taking place in the Internet. This has been made possible by the development of information and communication technologies and the formation of a network society. The key problem for lawyers is the construction of the legal regulation of certain actions performed in the Network and the protection of the rights of persons doing such actions. As a result of the study, the author has analized a number of actions in the field of matrimonial relations in the Internet that will improve the quality of life of citizens and will not harm personal and family values.

The purpose of the study is to try to identify features of transformation of marriage and matrimonial relations in the context of development of globalization of the society and formation of a so-called network society. The objectives of the study include the analysis of features of the existence of marital and family relations in the context of a network society. The author uses various general scientific research methods: dialectical, systemic, logical, as well as special: observation, content analysis and other research methods.

The author uses a system analysis of legal norms (legislative acts, departmental normative documents) and methods of comparative jurisprudence to study the issue and resolve the problem in question.
Electronic Evidence in the Criminal Procedure Code: To Be or not to Be?
Authors: Voronin M. I.
Published: July 2019

Digital reality has firmly entered the life of society and the state. It has also become a solid medium and a means of committing crimes, the digital (electronic) traces of which law enforcement and judicial authorities use to restore the picture of the event. Various digital devices (mobile phones, tablets, smartphones, flash drives, hard drives, etc.), carrying important information for the preliminary investigation and the court, fall into the orbit of the criminal process. It is often impossible to withdraw, investigate, consolidate this information without the participation of a specialist. The current criminal procedure legislation is not fully adapted to such sources of information. Therefore, digital novels of reality become the object of study of many sciences of the criminal law cycle, including the science of criminal procedure law. Is it necessary to include the concept of «electronic evidence» in the criminal procedure legislation? If necessary, are there grounds for concluding that this type of evidence is independent, or can electronic evidence be classified as one of the traditional types of evidence? What are the theoretical and practical prerequisites for this? What are the features of electronic evidence? In science, there are different points of view on these issues. Most scientists and experts believe it is possible to classify electronic evidence as either physical evidence or other documents. In the paper, it is offered to consider these evidence as an independent type of evidence, treating them as electronic carriers of information, and electronic information in the form of electronic documents. Based on the proposed theoretical proposals, it is necessary to begin the development of appropriate legal norms for their inclusion in the criminal procedure law.
Principles for Determining Territorial Jurisdiction of the State in Cyberspace
Authors: Terentyeva L. V.
Published: July 2019

The paper is devoted to the conditions of realization of sovereignty and jurisdiction of the state in respect of extraterritorial information and communication space on the platform of cyberspace. The author attempts to consider the constructability of the concept of «territory of the state», the legal meaning of which is to determine the spatial limits of the territorial sovereignty and full jurisdiction of the state in relation to cyberspace. The paper examines the extent to which Russian law reflects the principles of establishing jurisdiction based on the principle of server location and domain name registration proposed in the foreign and Russian doctrine. The author also raises a question whether the solution of the jurisdictional issue in relation to the national segment of the Internet is covered by the attempt of the centralized management of the Internet, i.e. the creation of a national system of routing Internet traffic in order to establish protective measures to ensure long-term and sustainable operation of the Internet network in Russia, regardless of external or internal conditions, in the bill «On amendments to the Federal law «On communications» and the Federal law «On information, information technology and information protection» adopted in the third reading by the State Duma on April 16, 2019.
State of copulative function in patients after the holmium laser enuсleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Popov Sergey V. , Orlov Igor N. , Grin Yevgeniy A. , Demidov Dmitry A. , Gulko Alexander M. , Sushina Irina V. , Malevich Sergey M. , Vyazovtsev Pavel V.
Published: July 2019

The effect of holmium laser enucleation of BPH (HoLEP) on the copulative function of 79 patients was evaluated. The copulative function was assessed by means of the IIEF, AMS scores, ICF scale questionnaires. The bulbocavernous reflex, total and free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were also examined. Patients were examined before surgery, 3 and 6 months later. A decrease in the frequency of erectile dysfunction after 3 and 6 months after surgery was revealed. The frequency of retrograde ejaculation was higher compared with the preoperative value after 3 and 6 months after surgery. An improvement in the reflex and hormonal status of the operated patients was noted. Thus, HoLEP has a dual effect on the state of copulative function in patients with BPH, which results in improved erectile function and increased frequency of retrograde ejaculation.
Imaxe e educación. Marketing, comercialización e didáctica
Authors: Bolaño Amigo Uxía
Published: July 2019

Recensión de libro: Pedro Luis Moreno & Antonio Viñao (coords) (2017). Imagen y educación. Marketing, comercialización y didáctica.
FUNCTIONAL INTERACTION BETWEEN caf5 AND SPERMIDINE FAMILY TRANSPORTERS IN S. POMBE
Authors: ÖRS GEVREKCİ Aslıhan
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT  Polyamines are well known for their wide range of roles in the cells, including stabilization of nucleic acids, regulation of gene expression at different levels, stress response and cell cycle. The activity of these well conserved small polycations are also regulated by different mechanisms to assure their intracellular concentration and activity. Polyamine transporters have a major role in the regulation of the influx and efflux of the polyamines. Previously, two spermine family transporters SPBC409.08 and caf5 were characterized which were associated with cell size defects. The aim of this study is to better understand the role of caf5 plasma membrane spermine transporter and its functional interaction with spermidine transporters. Double mutants of caf5  and spermidine family transporters SPBC36.01c, SPBC36.03c and SPBC569.05c were formed in S. pombe. The double mutants were then put through growth rate analysis, meiotic progression and sporulation analysis, cell cycle analysis, and vulnerability to environmental stress. The results showed that the double mutants differentiate from each other in their combined mutation with caf5 in terms of cell size and DNA damage response, indicating redundant seperate pathways of spermine and spermidine transport in S. pombe.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME IMPORTANT SALEP ORCHIDS
Authors: HÜRKAN Kaan , BALLI YÜKSEL Merve , KEMEÇ HÜRKAN Yasemin , DEMİR Neslihan
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT  In this study we evaluated the secondary metabolites, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of salep orchids, Anacamptis morio, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Neotinea tridentata, Ophrys mammosa, Ophrys lutea, and Ophrys speculum. DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antioxidant activities of n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of the plants. The antimicrobial activities were also determined by the Broth micro-dilution method. The extracts were studied for antimicrobial activity by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) approach against seven clinical pathogenic bacteria and two fungi. Phytochemical screening revealed that the presences of coumarins, flavonoids, flavanones, cardiac glycosides, proteins and quinones. The extracts had variable TPC and TFC, with values of 4.46 ± 0.19–45.83 ± 1.86 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 0.67 ± 0.04–8.64 ± 0.37 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight respectively. O. speculum had the highest (35.12%) antioxidant activity, followed by O. mammosa (33.17%). Chloroform extracts of all species showed significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. These bioactivities of the chloroform extracts were positively associated with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The MIC concentrations ranged from 0.156–20 mg/mL. The present investigation shows that the extracts of these species, especially chloroform extracts, could be used as potential antioxidant and antimicrobial sources.
APPLICATION OF CHINESE LANGUAGE MODULE FOR IMPROVING LANGUAGE SPEAKING SKILLS
Authors: D’amour Nisa Putu Prinda
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

 This research called classroom action research (CAR) which combined with Chinese teaching material products. The researcher tried to use a Chinese module that was made by himself to improve the ability of students' speaking skills by collaborating with the application of the think pair share technique. Pretest Testing, Cycle 1 Test and Cycle 2 Test use the same test questions by testing 30 vocabulary words which is spoken verbally by each student. In the pre-test 21 students (95%) were ranked D and only 1 student (5%) was ranked C. The percentage of each indirect cycle increased until the final result of cycle 2 was 27% of students still ranked D, 50% of students rated C and 23% of students are rated B. This result is quite satisfying for researchers because Mandarin language skills are quite difficult lessons for beginners especially those who have very little study time but are required to master a lot of pronunciation and vocabulary.

Keywords: modules, chinese language, think pair share techniques,  speaking skills
Error Analysis on Han Character Stroke Writing (汉字 Hànzì) of Mandarin Language Teachers (Participants on Training for Senior High Schools/Vocational Schools/ Islamic High Schools Chinese Language Teachers on Critical Literacy and HOTS)
Authors: Mulawarni Mulawarni
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Mandarin language has been one of the subjects in 2013 Curriculum as one of the foreign languages taught in schools starting from elementary to universities. Due to high interest in Chinese language in opening career opportunities to people who can master the language, there is also an increase of interest on not only the language but also on how to teach the language. Teachers in this context the teachers of Mandarin language at least master the basic of teaching Mandarin language in the five elements. On this matter, there are errors in the writing of Han Characters that occurs during the learning process on learners and teachers. The errors cover the strokes misalignment on written texts of describing oneself. This study analyzes the common mistakes of Chinese stroke writing on Teachers of Chinese language teachers in Indonesia on training programmes.

Key Words: Han Characters; Error Analysis in writing; writing misalignment; Chinese stroke writing and Mandarin Language Teachers.
THE LEADERSHIP OF THE HEAD OF MADRASAH IN ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION WITH STAKEHOLDER
Authors: Nadhirin N
Published: July 2019

Educational leadership in madrasah is one of education management functions. Madrasah is a formal religious education institution which provide educational services to the public. The quality of education in madrasah can be known one of them through the performance of madrasah leadership and vice versa. This research focused on madrasah leadership in building communication with stakeholder based on Sunnah Prophet Muhammad saw. This research uses qualitative approach with post-posivistic and phenomenology paradigm with multicase design. The findings empirically in communication the head of madrasah leadership in establishing communication with sakeholders is: (1) to establish cooperation relationship with stakeholders element; (2) silaturrahim structured activities; (3) into the motor changes madrasah progress; (4) spiritual orientation and social capital to achieve financial and human capital; (5) together work based on the principle of expediency; (6) taboo to discuss about salary and position and embarrassment show property and property ownership; (7) position is trust and not purpose; (8) firmly in giving sanction; (8) supervision of madrasah culture background; (9) time and work discipline; (10) build relationships with graduates through programmed activities.
THE FACE OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Efferi Adri
Published: July 2019

Islam is a source of civilization for its adherents, in accordance with the conception of the word civilization itself, which means the product of human life activity, whether in the field of politics, economy, social, education and so forth. So Islam as a religion, in its scriptures also gives clues about the things that are needed in human life, although it is not in the language of detailly. Enforcing the application of Arabic Islamic Shari'a into the society such as Indonesia, of course it will create feelings of alienation in religion. As an example is in the case of hijab for muslim woman (muslimah). Arabic or Middle Eastern dress models and veils are dark colors. If these models are used in Indonesian Moslem society, the wearer will look different and become strange in that society. Therefore it is needed to take a wise attitude in implementation the teaching of religion, so that it will be suitable with local culture that is already exists.
Appraising the Moderation Indonesian Muslims with Special Reference to Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama
Authors: Zarkasyi Hamid Fahmy
Published: July 2019

Indonesia is the country that has been widely regarded as home to a moderate brand of Islam compared to the more assertive political and militant Islamic revivals that have taken place in some of Middle East countries. However, recent series of terrorist attack and the emergence of groups that are categorized as extremist and fundamentalist in Indonesia have given opposite impression. This paper is aimed at appraising the the moderation of Indonesian Muslim. The object of this study is two largest Muslim organizations namely Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama. For this appraisal the author employs the selectively the criteria of Western scholars as well as Muslim intellectuals, since there are growing tendency of observers, intellectual and policy makers to pose certain criteria of moderation based on their own interests. General survey on those tendencies suggests that there are at least three categories of moderate definition: extremist, Western biased and Islamic criteria, each of which contain acceptable and unacceptable aspects that require further selection. It is from these acceptable criteria that the author attempts to appraise the moderation of Indonesian Muslims through the vision and mission of mass-organization, especially Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama as well as their education system. The study arrive on the conclusion that based on Islamic as well as Western criteria, the majority of Indonesian Muslims or the mainstream remain moderate.
Marriage Treasure Ownership in Arabic and Nusantara Fiqh Perspectives
Authors: Khoirin Nur
Published: July 2019

One of the problems that often arise after the divorce is the ownership of assets acquired during marriage, whether it belongs to the husband, wife, or both of them. According to the Compilation of Islamic Law or the fiqh of the results of ijtihad fuqaha Nusantara, the assets obtained in marriage, except those obtained through inheritance or grants from parents/family, are joint property of husband and wife (gono gini). One party may not use it except getting agreement from the other parties. And if marriage breaks, either because of divorce or death, then it must be divided into two. In the books of Arabic Fiqh, there is no joint property because marriage does not cause a mixture of wealth. Nonetheless, in the books of fiqh provides the possession of wife's assets, such as dowry, livelihood, mut'ah, iwadl and tirkah. If the provision of fiqh is carried out consistently, then when a divorce occurs, the husband must leave the house, because all the property has become the property of his wife through a way of life. But this is certainly not fair. Therefore the determination of the existence of joint property in marriage is a moderate opinion and a benefit.
The Definition of Private adn Public Space in Implementation of Qanun Jinayah in Aceh
Authors: Fadlia Faradilla , Ramadani Ismar
Published: July 2019

This paper will discuss how the Qanun Jinayah differentiate the concept of private and public space in the implementation of sharia in Aceh. This paper will particularly discuss how private and public space being defined in the Qanun and how broad the scope of this Qanun is. This paper finds that there is no private space in Qanun Jinayah. There are only two conditions that listed in Qanun Jinayah, first, when at the work place, second evidence by the family card. A person who committed to criminal Act (Jarimah) in private and public space, he or she will be punished by Qanun Jinayah. Because of that Government in this case Wilyatul Hisbah and investigator has right to enter a person’s private space if that person is suspected to Jarimah crime. This paper sees that the authority has changed to violate the human right. 

 