bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impactos das mudanças climáticas na demanda de irrigação da bananeira na Bacia do Jaguaribe
Authors: Gondim Rubens S. , Castro Marco A. H. de , Teixeira Adunias dos S. , Evangelista Sílvio R. de M.
Published: July 2011

As mudanças climáticas têm potencial de alterar os processos do ciclo hidrológico, tais como precipitação, que afeta o escoamento superficial, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar devido à sua estreita relação com evaporação e vazão em corpos hídricos e evapotranspiração das plantas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os impactos das mudanças climáticas na necessidade hídrica da cultura da bananeira, considerando-se cenários de mudanças climáticas em escala local, em nível de bacia hidrográfica (rio Jaguaribe, no trecho compreendido entre as barragens do Castanhão e de Itaiçaba). Um conjunto composto de uma baseline (climatologia de base) do modelo de 1961-1990 e de projeções climáticas, foi processado. Os dados foram então extraídos considerando-se as coordenadas geográficas da região em estudo, com resolução de 0,44 x 0,44º, a fim de abranger toda a área. Estimou-se a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) através de dados da temperatura média mensal e se projetou uma elevação na necessidade hídrica bruta média anual para 2040 com relação às condições iniciais, de 1.989 mm para 2.536 mm e 2.491 mm (27,50 e 25,24%) para os cenários A2 e B2, elaborados pelo Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas, respectivamente.
A comunicação não-verbal na área da saúde
Authors: Ramos Ana Paula , Bortagarai Francine Manara
Published: July 2011

TEMA: a comunicação é a base fundamental das relações interpessoais, podendo ser verbal ou não verbal. A comunicação não-verbal completa, contradiz ou substitui a comunicação verbal. OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão bibliográfica do uso e do conhecimento da comunicação não-verbal pelos profissionais da saúde. CONCLUSÃO: embora os artigos enfatizem a relevância do conhecimento da comunicação não-verbal para melhorar a percepção do paciente como sujeito e humanizar os atendimentos de saúde, diversos profissionais da saúde e estudantes dessa área demonstraram pouco conhecimento acadêmico e profissional sobre essa forma de comunicação.
Desempenho e digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar tratado com óxido de cálcio
Authors: Murta Rogério Mendes , Chaves Modesto Antônio , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Veloso Cristina Mattos , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Rocha Neto Aires Lima , Eustáquio Filho Antônio , Santos Paulo Eduardo Ferreira dos
Published: July 2011

Foram estudados os efeitos da adição de 0,0; 0,75; 1,5 e 2,25% de óxido de cálcio no bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (com base na matéria natural) com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho, o consumo de nutrientes e a digestibilidade aparente das dietas e dos nutrientes em ovinos mestiços da raça Santa Inês e raças nativas. Vinte e quatro ovinos, mantidos em total confinamento, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro níveis de óxido de cálcio e seis repetições. Os animais foram mantidos em baias individuais, por 77 dias. Os primeiros 14 dias foram de adaptação e, então, seguiram-se três períodos de 21 dias de coleta de dados. Na determinação da digestibilidade, utilizou-se o método de coleta total de fezes, que foi realizada nos quatro últimos dias do período experimental. As fezes foram coletadas três vezes ao dia, às 7, 13 e 18 h. O uso do óxido de cálcio não influenciou os consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido e nutrientes digestíveis totais, mas houve efeito linear sobre ganho de peso, com o aumento nas doses de óxido de cálcio, mas não sobre a conversão alimentar e os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente ácido. Entretanto, foi observado efeito quadrático para o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da fibra em detergente. A utilização do bagaço de cana hidrolisado com óxido de cálcio em níveis a partir de 1,5% da matéria natural promove melhoras no desempenho de ovinos e aumenta a digestibilidade apenas da fibra em detergente neutro.
Conhecimento e prática sobre os fatores de risco para o câncer de mama entre mulheres de 40 a 69 anos
Authors: Batiston Adriane Pires , Tamaki Edson Mamoru , Souza Laís Alves de , Santos Mara Lisiane de Moraes dos
Published: July 2011

OBJETIVO: investigar conhecimento e prática sobre os fatores de risco para o câncer de mama entre usuárias da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). MÉTODOS: estudo transversal com 393 mulheres com idades entre 40 e 69 anos usuárias da ESF na cidade de Dourados, MS. Realizou-se uma entrevista, por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado, investigando-se variáveis sociodemográficas, história familiar e conhecimento/prática sobre os fatores de risco para o câncer de mama. A descrição das variáveis foi feita através de frequência simples e porcentagem. A associação do conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco e as variáveis foram verificadas pelo teste exato de Fisher e qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: a idade média foi de 52,5 ± 8,1 anos, o tempo médio de estudo foi de 4,4±3,6 anos, 52,4% das mulheres eram pardas/negras e 66,6% possuiam companheiro. Entre as mulheres, 86,5% receberam alguma informação sobre o câncer de mama. Os fatores de risco para a doença eram conhecidos por 54,2% das mulheres. O conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco associou-se com a história familiar (p=0,004) e anos de estudo (p=0,01). Diante dos fatores de risco conhecidos, a frequência de práticas preventivas entre as mulheres foi de 52,2%. CONCLUSÕES: a identificação de variáveis relacionadas a um menor conhecimento sobre a doença pode auxiliar na adoção de estratégias direcionadas aos grupos mais vulneráveis.
Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr. (Erythroxylaceae) from the Barra de Maricá restinga, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Maia VC , Fernandes SPC
Published: July 2011

Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) Dasineura ovalifoliae and Clinodiplosis maricaensis are described based on material from the Barra de Maricá restinga, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both species are associated with Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr. (Erythroxylaceae). The former is the gall inducer and the latter an inquiline.
Dimorphic cypsela germination and plant growth in Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Souza Filho PRM , Takaki M
Published: July 2011

Synedrella nodiflora is a weed species that has dimorphic cypselas: winged peripheral and lanceolate shaped central. The aim of this work is to describe the reproductive capability by measuring dimorphic cypselas morphology, imbibition rates and germinative patterns under temperature, light quality and water availability gradients, and compare the plant growth between two light treatments. The central cypselas were lighter, longer and its pappi were more elongated than the peripheral ones, favoring its dispersion. Neither type had deep dormancy and both of them germinated with the same pattern under the optimum conditions. Both cypselas showed higher germinability in temperatures between 25 and 30 °C, under white light and high water availability, although there are some differences between the types, mainly at dark treatments. Plants grown in direct sunlight accumulated more biomass, allowing for higher plant development and inflorescence production, although shaded light plants capitulum had a higher central: peripheral ratio than the direct sunlight treatment. S. nodiflora cypselas germinate better in unfiltered light places, although the plants are adapted to shady conditions. The species showed high germination potential over a wide range of environmental conditions, as well as fast plant development. All of these features favor distribution in environmental sites.
Repercussão de uma intervenção educativa com agentes comunitários de saúde nas condições ambientais de domicílios de crianças asmáticas
Authors: Coriolano Maria Wanderleya de Lavor , Lima Marinus de Moraes , Sette Gabriela Cunha Schechtman , Sarinho Emanuel Sávio Cavalcanti , Lima Luciane Soares de
Published: July 2011

OBJETIVO: Verificar o impacto de uma intervenção educativa problematizadora sobre o controle ambiental para aeroalérgenos, conduzida por agentes comunitários de saúde, nos domicílios de crianças com asma. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de intervenção. Foram visitados 95 domicílios com crianças (faixa etária de 2-10 anos) com episódios recorrentes de dispneia e sibilância no município de Iguatu (CE). A intervenção educativa envolveu grupos focais com agentes comunitários de saúde com a problematização sobre medidas educativas a serem implementadas. Após a intervenção, 84 domicílios foram revisitados e reavaliados. RESULTADOS: Após a intervenção, houve uma redução significativa na limpeza do piso com vassoura (p = 0,02), no uso de fogão a carvão (p = 0,001) e no número de bichos de pelúcia no domicílio (p = 0,05). Houve uma melhoria significativa no controle ambiental para aeroalérgenos nos quartos das crianças após a intervenção (p = 0,003). CONCLUSÕES: A intervenção educativa mostrou ser uma importante ferramenta junto à população estudada, minimizando os aspectos negativos das condições ambientais dos domicílios das crianças asmáticas
Nebulizadores: fonte de contaminação bacteriana em pacientes com fibrose cística?
Authors: Brzezinski Lorena Xavier Costa , Riedi Carlos Antônio , Kussek Paulo , Souza Helena Homem de Melo de , Rosário Nelson
Published: July 2011

OBJETIVO: Determinar se os nebulizadores de pacientes com fibrose cística são fonte de contaminação microbiana e verificar se a técnica e a frequência de desinfecção dos nebulizadores é apropriada. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal observacional, sem grupo controle. Foram coletadas amostras de 28 pacientes com fibrose cística, no domicílio do paciente, sem aviso prévio sobre o motivo da visita. Foram colhidas três amostras por paciente: do reservatório do nebulizador, da máscara/bocal e do próprio paciente (swab da orofaringe/escarro). As amostras foram acondicionadas adequadamente e levadas para análise. Os pacientes, seus pais ou responsáveis preencheram um questionário sobre métodos de limpeza e desinfecção dos nebulizadores. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidas 84 amostras dos 28 pacientes. Destes, 15 (53,5%) eram do gênero masculino. A mediana de idade foi de 11 anos (variação: 1-27 anos). Dos 28 pacientes, 15 apresentaram culturas de escarro/orofaringe positivas. As bactérias encontradas com maior frequencia foram Streptococcus aureus (8/15) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4/15). A cultura obtida dos nebulizadores identificou diversos patógenos, sem nenhum predominante. Não houve associações entre os resultados das culturas obtidas dos nebulizadores e aquelas dos pacientes em 27 casos (96,7%). A limpeza e a desinfecção não eram realizadas de forma adequada em 22 casos (78,6%). CONCLUSÕES: Nesta amostra de pacientes, apesar das técnicas de desinfecção inadequadas, os nebulizadores não foram uma fonte de contaminação microbiana
Evolução da função pulmonar após tratamento com goserelina em pacientes com linfangioleiomiomatose
Authors: Baldi Bruno Guedes , Medeiros Junior Pedro , Pimenta Suzana Pinheiro , Lopes Roberto Iglesias , Kairalla Ronaldo Adib , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro
Published: July 2011

Nas células musculares lisas atípicas características da linfangioleiomiomatose (LAM) encontram-se receptores de estrogênio e progesterona, de modo que o tratamento anti-hormonal pode ser considerado uma opção, mas ainda com resultados controversos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar retrospectivamente parâmetros hormonais e espirométricos em nove mulheres com LAM após o tratamento com goserelina por um ano. Houve um aumento médio de 80 mL e 130 mL, respectivamente, em VEF1 e CVF, assim como bloqueio hormonal efetivo. Ainda não se pode excluir um potencial efeito favorável da utilização de análogos de hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina em pacientes com LAM, reforçando a necessidade de ensaios randomizados
Positional Plagiocephaly and Excessive Folic Acid Intake during Pregnancy
Authors: Michels Alice C. , Van Den Elzen Marijke E. , Vies J.S.H. , Van Der Hulst Rene R.
Published: July 2011

Objective

To assess the relationship between high intake of folic acid and positional plagiocephaly.

Design

Retrospective case-control study with questionnaires administered in the clinic to biological mothers of children with positional plagiocephaly (PP group) and mothers of children without it (CO group).

Setting

Tertiary, institutional clinic. University Hospital of Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Patients, Participants

Exclusion criteria: mothers of children with syndromic disease or bone deformation and of children with clearly continuous forces on the skull (torticollis). A total of 94 mothers were included in the PP group (response rate: 85%), and 74 were included in the CO group (response rate: 75%). Final sample sizes were 75 in the PP group and 54 in the CO group.

Main Outcome Measures

The recommended daily dosage of folic acid in The Netherlands is 400 μg. The primary outcome was folic acid dosage in relation to the recommended dosage. A secondary outcome was duration of folic acid intake in relation to the recommended period of use during pregnancy.

Results

In the PP group, 20% used double the recommended dosage of folic acid, compared with 6% in the CO group ( p < .05). In the CO group, 59% used folic acid longer than recommended compared with 56% in the PP group (not significant). There were no differences in baseline characteristics except for gestational period: 39.5 weeks in the PP group and 37.9 in the CO group ( p < .05).

Conclusion

Excessive daily intake of folic acid during pregnancy is seen among mothers of positional plagiocephaly patients.
Relationship between Occlusion and Lisping in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Whitaker Melina Evangelista , De Souza Freitas José Alberto , Pegoraro-Krook Maria Iněs , Ozawa Terumi Okada , De Cássia Moura Carvalho Lauris Rita , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Dutka Jeniffer Cássia Rillo
Published: July 2011

Introduction

The literature suggests that individuals with history of cleft lip and palate who present with midfacial growth deficiency are at higher risk of presenting lisping. The relationship between distortions during production of linguoalveolar fricative sounds and the severity of malocclusion, however, has not been established for the population with cleft.

Objective

To study the association between lisping and dental arch relationship.

Methodology

Speech samples and dental arch casts were obtained from 106 children with operated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) during the stage of mixed dentition and before orthodontic treatment. Videotaped productions of the phrase lu saci saiw sedul were rated by speech-language pathologists for the identification of lisping during [s]. Dental arch casts were rated by orthodontists using the Goslon Yardstick and the Five-Year Index to establish dental arch relationship.

Results

Multiple logistic regression showed no significant association between lisping and dento-occlusal index ( p = .802) and age ( p = .662). Substantial interjudge agreement during auditory-perceptual ratings was found (kappa = .63). Almost perfect agreement was found between orthodontists while establishing the dental arch relationship (kappa = .81).

Discussion

This study failed to reveal an association between lisping and dental arch relationship in children with operated UCLP. Multiple variables may play a role in determining occurrence of lisping, warranting further investigation.
Factors Associated with Parental Adaptation to Having a Child with a Cleft Lip and/or Palate: The Impact of Parental Diagnosis
Authors: O'hanlon Katherine , Camic Paul M. , Shearer Joanna
Published: July 2011

Objective

To investigate the impact of parental diagnosis of cleft lip and/or palate on factors associated with parental adaptation to having a child with a cleft.

Design

A mixed-methodological, quasi-experimental, causal-comparative research design.

Participants

A total of 27 parents born with a cleft lip and/or palate and 27 parents born without a cleft lip and/or palate completed the study measures.

Outcome Measures

The Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory were included along with a researcher-designed, cleft-specific questionnaire.

Results

The cleft-specific questionnaire revealed that parents born with a cleft lip and/or palate reported feelings of guilt significantly more often than did parents without a cleft lip and/ or palate. Parents without a cleft reported feeling anxious significantly more often than did parents born with a cleft lip and/or palate. The qualitative aspect of the study yielded further between-group differences. The feeling that their own cleft-related experiences influenced their adjustment to having a child with a cleft emerged as a dominant theme for parents born with a cleft; whereas, parents without a cleft lip and/or palate highlighted the importance of accurate information and positive interactions with clinicians in facilitating adjustment to their situation. No significant between-group differences were found on the standardized measures; however, the study's small sample size increases the risk of type II error and may account for the lack of significant findings.

Conclusions

These findings appear to provide support for the widely held clinical opinion that parental diagnosis of cleft lip and/or palate impacts how parents cope with and adjust to their child's diagnosis.
Velopharyngeal Dysfunction and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study of Functional Outcome and Preoperative Prognostic Factors
Authors: Spruijt N.E. , Widdershoven J.C.C. , Breugem C.C. , Speleman L. , Homveld I.L.M. , Kon M. , Van Der Molen A.B. Mink
Published: July 2011

Objective

To describe the effect of time after velopharyngoplasty on outcome and to search for preoperative prognostic factors for residual hypernasality in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Tertiary hospital.

Patients

Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and velopharyngeal dysfunction who underwent a primary (modified) Honig velopharyngoplasty between 1989 and 2009.

Main Outcome Measures

Clinically obtained perceptual and instrumental measurements of resonance, nasalance, and understandability before and after velopharyngoplasty.

Results

Data were available for 44 of 54 patients (81% follow-up), with a mean follow-up time of 7.0 years (range, 1.0 to 19.4 years). During follow-up, 24 (55%) patients attained normal resonance and 20 (45%) had residual hypernasality or underwent revision surgery. Mean postoperative nasalance and understandability scores were closer to the norm than mean preoperative scores were (2.0 versus 5.5 standard deviations for the normal passage, 1.3 versus 8.1 standard deviations for the nonnasal passage, and score 2.3 versus 4.1 understandability). Serial measurements revealed that hypernasality only resolved an average of 5 years after surgery, and three patients whose resonance initially normalized later relapsed to hypernasality. Gender, age at surgery, lateral pharyngeal wall adduction, velar elevation, presence of a palatal defect, previous intravelar veloplasty, nasalance, understandability, adenoidectomy, hearing loss, and IQ were not able to predict poor outcome following primary velopharyngoplasty (all p > .05).

Conclusions

In this chart review of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and velopharyngeal dysfunction, residual hypernasality persisted in many patients after velopharyngoplasty. None of the preoperative factors that were studied had prognostic value for the outcome.
Transient Appearance of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactive Cells in the Midline Epithelial Seam of the Human Fetal Secondary Palate
Authors: Katori Yukio , Shibata Shunichi , Kawase Tetsuaki , Cho Baik Hwan , Murakami Gen
Published: July 2011

Objective

Transient immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase, which mediates the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine, in the midline epithelial seam between the bilateral palatal shelves was investigated in human fetuses.

Materials and Methods

Horizontal or frontal paraffin sections of two human fetuses at 9 and 15 weeks of gestation were used to examine the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive cells in regions of the entire head other than the brain. Immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein, calretinin, cytokeratin 14, and vimentin was examined using adjacent or near sections.

Results

Tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive cells were large and densely distributed in the midline epithelial seam at the site of palatal fusion in fetuses at 9 weeks but not in fetuses at 15 weeks, in which the midline epithelial seam had already disappeared. No expression of S100 protein, calretinin, or vimentin was detected, but the midline epithelial seam was positive for cytokeratin 14. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was not detected in epithelia during the process of palatal fusion in mice from E 14.0 to 15.0.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive cells in the midline epithelial seams are nonneural epithelial cells and suggest that the tyrosine hydroxylase is a novel factor involved in normal palatal formation, especially the fate of the midline epithelial seam in humans.
Patient Satisfaction after Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Bone-Grafted Alveolar Clefts with Nonsubmerged ITI Straumann Dental Implants Loaded at Three Months
Authors: Landes Constantin A. , Bündgen Lukas , Laudemann Katharina , Ghanaati Sharam , Sader Robert
Published: July 2011

Objective

To assess clinical, aesthetic, and quality-of-life parameters of cleft lip and palate patients' implant-supported crowns with ITI Straumann nonsubmerged and loaded after 3 months implants.

Patients, Material, and Methods

In 17 bone-grafted cleft patients, 24 implants were placed nonsubmerged, loaded at 3 months to support crowns in the cleft area, and followed up at 40 months on average (±22 months). The oral-health–related quality of life was assessed in all patients with the German Oral Health Impact Profile after implant therapy. Aesthetics were judged on photographs by dental professionals, nonprofessionals, and the patients themselves. The Implant Crown Aesthetic Index served as an objective tool.

Results

A total of 23 implants (95.8%) were loaded and in function. Clinical parameters were marginal bone loss of 1.15 ± 2.16 mm, peri-implant probing depth of 2.56 ± 0.66 mm, width of keratinized mucosa of 2.71 ± 1.1 mm, mucosal recession of 0.41 ± 0.8 mm, Periotest value of 0.18 ± 6.5, and German Oral Health Impact Profile summary score of 2. The best aesthetic outcome was assessed by the patients themselves. Soft tissues were rated worse than were implant-supported crowns.

Conclusions

Implant-borne prosthetic rehabilitation of bone-grafted clefts with nonsubmerged ITI Straumann implants with 3 months' loading represents a reliable treatment option with high success rates in the long term. Functional aspects are comparable to those of noncleft patients. The oral-health–related quality of life of cleft patients is similar to that of noncleft patients. Aesthetics are restricted but satisfactory to patients and dental professionals. Aesthetics of peri-implant soft tissues should be improved in the future.
Subperiosteal Release of the Floor of the Mouth to Correct Airway Obstruction in Pierre Robin Sequence: Review of 31 Cases
Authors: Caouette-Laberge Louise , Borsuk Daniel E. , Bortoluzzi Patricia A.
Published: July 2011

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth (SRFM) musculature to correct neonatal airway obstruction in children with Pierre Robin sequence and to compare this procedure with other surgical options available.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent a SRFM for neonatal severe airway obstruction unresponsive to conservative management was performed. Preoperative and postoperative oxygenation parameters, sleep studies, feeding difficulties, and long-term evolution were documented.

Results

Thirty-one consecutive patients between 1995 and 2009, 19 boys and 12 girls, had an SRFM procedure to alleviate severe neonatal airway obstruction. Eight children were syndromic, 15 had associated malformations, and eight had an isolated Pierre Robin sequence. The airway obstruction was corrected with SRFM alone in 26 children (84%), three patients remained dependent on nasopharyngeal airway, and two required subsequent mandibular osteogenic distraction procedures following the SRFM to manage persistent obstruction. No patient required a tracheostomy. The average age at SRFM was 33 days, and the patients were kept intubated for an average of 6 days postoperatively. Average hospital stay after the surgery was 45 days, and 10 patients went home with gavage feeding.

Conclusions

The SRFM is effective for the treatment of severe airway obstruction in patients with Pierre Robin sequence. The procedure is simple and has fewer complications and secondary procedures than other surgical options for correction of the airway obstruction.
MRI with Synchronized Audio to Evaluate Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Maturo Stephen , Silver Amanda , Nimkin Katherine , Sagar Pallavi , Ashland Jean , Van Der Kouwe Andre J.W. , Hartnick Christopher
Published: July 2011

Objective

To demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous-acquired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-quality synchronized audio recording for evaluating velopharyngeal closure.

Design

Institutional Review Board–approved case series.

Setting

Tertiary care hospital.

Patients

Three healthy adult volunteers with a normal speech pattern.

Interventions

MRI with simultaneous recorded audio files evaluating velopharyngeal closure.

Main outcome measure

Precise imaging and audio coordination of specific phonatory tasks.

Results

Synchronization of MRI and audio in all three adults.

Conclusion

Our novel imaging and audio protocol provides simultaneous acquired MRI with synchronized high quality audio for evaluating velopharyngeal closure. This technique may provide the opportunity to improve diagnosis and surgical planning in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency.
Oculofaciocardiodental Syndrome: A Rare Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Davoody Amirparviz , Chen I-Ping , Nanda Ravindra , Uribe Flavio , Reichenberger Ernst J.
Published: July 2011

Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome is a rare genetic disorder affecting ocular, facial, dental, and cardiac systems. The clinical diagnosis of oculofaciocardiodental syndrome can be challenging due to a wide variety of symptoms. Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome is found only in females due to its X-linked inheritance pattern and embryonic lethality for males. Radiculomegaly of canines is the most consistent finding in these patients. In this report we present a female patient with characteristic facial features, as well as a comprehensive overview of oculofaciocardiodental syndrome. Diagnosis of oculofaciocardiodental syndrome in this patient was verified by genetic analysis, during which we found a novel mutation in BCOR.
Effects of Cleft Type, Facemask Anchorage Method, and Alveolar Bone Graft on Maxillary Protraction: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Yang Ii-Hyung , Chang Young-Ii , Kim Tae-Woo , Ahn Sug-Joon , Lim Won-Hee , Lee Nam-Ki , Baek Seung-Hak
Published: July 2011

Objective

To investigate biomechanical effects of cleft type (unilateral/bilateral cleft lip and palate), facemask anchorage method (tooth-borne and miniplate anchorage), and alveolar bone graft on maxillary protraction.

Design

Three-dimensional finite element analysis with application of orthopedic force (30° downward and forward to the occlusal plane, 500 g per side).

Model

Computed tomography data from a 13.5-year-old girl with maxillary hypoplasia.

Intervention

Eight three-dimensional finite element models were fabricated according to cleft type, facemask anchorage method, and alveolar bone graft.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Initial stress distribution and displacement after force application were analyzed.

Results

Unilateral cleft lip and palate showed an asymmetric pattern in stress distribution and displacement before alveolar bone graft and demonstrated a symmetric pattern after alveolar bone graft. However, bilateral cleft lip and palate showed symmetric patterns in stress distribution and displacement before and after alveolar bone graft. In both cleft types, the graft extended the stress distribution area laterally beyond the infraorbital foramen. For both unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, a facemask with a tooth-borne anchorage showed a dentoalveolar effect with prominent stress distribution and displacement on the upper canine point. In contrast, a facemask with miniplate anchorage exhibited an orthopedic effect with more favorable stress distribution and displacement on the middle maxilla point. In addition, the facemask with a miniplate anchorage showed a larger stress distribution area and suturai stress values than did the facemask with a tooth-borne anchorage. The pterygopalatine and zygomatico-maxillary sutures showed the largest suturai stress values with a facemask with a miniplate anchorage and after alveolar bone grafting, respectively.

Conclusion

In this three-dimensional finite element analysis, it would be more advantageous to perform maxillary protraction using a facemask with a miniplate anchorage than a facemask with a tooth-borne anchorage and after alveolar bone graft rather than before alveolar bone graft, regardless of cleft type.
Multiple Pro197ALS Substitutions Endow Resistance to ALS Inhibitors within and among Mayweed Chamomile Populations
Authors: Intanon Suphannika , Perez-Jones Alejandro , Hulting Andrew G. , Mallory-Smith Carol A.
Published: July 2011

Mayweed chamomile seeds were collected from six different fields across the Pacific Northwest. All populations (each collection site was considered a population) were suspected to have some level of acetolactate synthase (ALS) resistance. Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine if these populations were resistant to three different classes of ALS inhibitors: sulfonylureas (SU), imidazolinones (IMI), and triazolopyrimidines (TP). A whole-plant dose–response andin vitroALS activity studies confirmed cross-resistance to thifensulfuron + tribenuron/chlorsulfuron (SU), imazethapyr (IMI), and cloransulam (TP); however, resistance varied by herbicide class and population. TwoALSisoforms of theALSgene (ALS1andALS2) were identified in mayweed chamomile; however, only mutations inALS1were responsible for resistance. No mutations were found inALS2. Sequence analysis of the partialALSgene identified four point mutations at position 197 (Pro197to Leu, Gln, Thr, or Ser) in the resistant populations. This study demonstrates genotypic variation associated with cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors within and between populations.
Seedbank Size and Emergence Pattern of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Arkansas
Authors: Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Smith Kenneth L. , Burgos Nilda
Published: July 2011

Barnyardgrass is one of the most problematic weeds in Arkansas, and with the documentation of herbicide-resistant biotypes, there is a need to gain a detailed understanding of its ecology. In particular, knowledge on barnyardgrass seedbank size and emergence pattern is vital. An extensive seedbank survey was carried out in 2008 in 12 counties in eastern Arkansas to determine barnyardgrass seedbank size across the region. There was a great variability in seedbank size with a maximum of 215,000 seeds m−2. Among the fields surveyed, barnyardgrass seedbank was found only in 7% of the cotton fields, while it was 22 and 20%, respectively, for rice and soybean. To examine the emergence pattern of barnyardgrass, experiments were conducted in Rohwer (two sites), Stuttgart (one site), and Fayetteville (one site), Arkansas in 2008 and 2009. In each site, barnyardgrass emergence was quantified from naturally occurring seedbanks. Barnyardgrass exhibited an extended period of emergence with days to 100% emergence ranging from 99 to 165 across sites and years. Nevertheless, effective management may be achieved by targeting the peak emergence periods, which range from mid-April to mid-June in Arkansas. The four-parameter Weibull model provided a better fit to the cumulative emergence data. However, the thermal time (growing degree days, GDDs) or hydrothermal time (HTT) models did not predict barnyardgrass emergence any better than calendar days, perhaps because of the inherent variations associated with natural seedbanks. This study establishes seedbank size and general emergence pattern for barnyardgrass in Arkansas. Additionally, these results will be useful for parameterizing herbicide-resistance simulation models for barnyardgrass.
Does Resistance to Propanil or Clomazone Alter the Growth and Competitive Abilities of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)?
Authors: Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Jha Prashant , Smith Kenneth
Published: July 2011

Barnyardgrass biotypes resistant (R) to propanil (PR) or clomazone (CR) have been confirmed in rice production systems in Arkansas. However, it is not clear whether resistance to these herbicides impose any fitness cost on theRbiotypes compared to susceptible barnyardgrass (S). The overall objective of this experiment was to determine if the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass is altered by resistance to propanil or clomazone and to establish a competitive hierarchy among theS,PR, andCRbiotypes. A replacement series study was conducted in a greenhouse using five proportions ofSandRbiotypes (0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25, and 100 : 0). The study was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The variables, including plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight, were used for quantifying the differences in competitive abilities. Replacement series indices were calculated to explore the competitiveness. Expected (He) and observed (Ho) values for relative yield (RY) and relative yield total (RYT) were compared for number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight for each biotype comparison. Other replacement series indices including competitive ratio (CR), relative crowding coefficient (RCC), and aggressiveness index (AI) also were calculated for these variables. The results showed that there were no major differences among theSandRbiotypes for these variables, indicating that in the absence of selection pressure, resistance to propanil or clomazone does not influence the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass. The findings will be useful for predicting the dynamics of resistant populations in the absence of herbicide selection and for designing suitable management strategies.
Two species ofHesslandona(Phosphatocopida, Crustacea) from the Upper Cambrian of western Hunan, South China and the phylogeny of Phosphatocopida
Authors: Zhang Huaqiao , Dong Xi-Ping , Xiao Shuhai
Published: July 2011

The phosphatocopidsHesslandona necopinaMüller, 1964 andHesslandona longispinosa(Kozur, 1974) new combination, recovered from the Upper Cambrian in western Hunan, South China, are described. The ontogenetic stages ofH. necopinaare revised, with newly defined second and third ontogenetic stages. The second stage is characterized by a bipartite mandibular limb stem consisting of separate coxa and basipod. The third stage is characterized by the partial fusion of the mandibular coxa and basipod. These two parts may become completely fused possibly in a later ontogenetic stage.Vestrogothia longispinosaKozur, 1974 is reassigned toHesslandonabecause of the presence of an interdorsum and a relatively narrow doublure. The new data reported here, plus earlier reports of phosphatocopids from the same section and horizon in western Hunan since 2005, are included in an updated phylogenetic analysis of the Phosphatocopida. Autapomorphies that define several monophyletic groups (e.g., the Crustacea sensu lato, Labrophora, Eucrustacea, Phosphatocopida, Euphosphatocopida, Vestrogothiina, Hesslandonina, and Dorsospinata) are discussed. The present analysis confirms results from earlier phylogenetic analyses in showing the Phosphatocopida-Eucrustacea sister-taxon relationship, but differs from them in supporting the paraphyly of the Hesslandonidae and the monophyly of the Vestrogothiidae.
Late Triassic Bivalvia (chiefly Halobiidae and Monotidae) from the Pardonet Formation, Williston Lake area, northeastern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: McRoberts Christopher A.
Published: July 2011

The Upper Triassic of the Williston Lake area of northeastern British Columbia is represented by a nearly continuous series of fossil-rich sediments that were deposited in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in an offshore mid-paleolatitude setting on the western margin of cratonic Pangea. The fossils in this report come primarily from the upper Carnian–upper Norian Pardonet Formation, which has been the subject of numerous paleontologic studies on ammonoids and conodonts, yet has received little attention with regard to its bivalve fauna. Fossil bivalves belonging to the thin-shelled bivalve generaHalobia, Eomonotis, andMonotisdominate the benthic macrofauna and occur within unique shell accumulations that are interpreted to represent oxygen-controlled monospecific paleocommumities that have undergone little post-mortem transportation. Systematic analyses of more than 1,000 individual bivalve specimens resulted in the identification of 25 species-rank taxa, a majority of which belong to the pterioid genusHalobiaand the pectinoid generaEomonotisandMonotis.Of these, four new species are recognized, including 1) upper CarnianHalobia tozerin. sp. characterized by a unique triangular outline; 2) lowermost NorianHalobia selwynin. sp. closely related toH. beyrichiand first appearingwith H. austriacawhich is proposed as a potential datum for the Carnian–Norian boundary; 3) NorianMeleagrinella mclearnin. sp., a new name for previously identified species; and 4) upper NorianOtaparia norican. sp. which has a delicate thin shell, unique outline, and fine ornament. A revised and refined biochronology of Upper Triassic Bivalvia (chiefly Halobiidae and Monotidae) integrated with conodont and ammonoid zones and standard Triassic stages is presented for the Upper Triassic of the Williston Lake area and permits enhanced correlation to coeval faunas elsewhere in the North American Cordillera, and to the Boreal, Panthalassan and Tethyan faunal realms.
What's Your “Position” on Nuclear Power? An Exploration of Conflict in Stakeholder Participation for Decision‐making about Risky Technologies
Authors: Poetz Anneliese
Published: July 2011

One of the exigent issues concerning stakeholder engagement in decision‐making for nuclear power generation facilities is the manner in which conflict is acknowledged and managed. In order to manage conflict effectively, one must understand the full variability of positions on certain issues, and from perspectives of diverse stakeholders. Research to‐date on risk perception and resultant conflict has been conducted almost exclusively from the perspective of the public. This paper utilizes grounded theory methodology combined with a case study approach to explore the decision‐making processes for the re‐licensing of two local nuclear power generation facilities; Pickering ‘A’ and Bruce ‘A’ from the perspective of the nuclear industry, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, government, Non‐Governmental Organizations, scientists, and public. Situational analysis is a tool utilized to generate 7 positional maps which display the diversity of viewpoints on major contested issues such as environmental, technical, and financial risk, availability of information, and satisfaction with the process for stakeholder engagement. The paper concludes that conflict can be both negative and positive, and recommends the best way to reduce the potential for conflict is by actively engaging stakeholders in facilitated discussions with ground rules for conduct of all participants, and conducting discussions over the long‐term and well before (and after) legislated public consultations take place. The results of this study provide a useful framework for future quantitative exploration of the issues illustrated in each of the 7 positional maps.
Cardiac Survival after Pre-emptive Coronary Angiography in Transplant Patients and Those Awaiting Transplantation
Authors: Kumar Nicola , Baker Christopher S.R. , Chan Kakit , Duncan Neill , Malik Iqbal , Frankel Andrew , Ashby Damien R. , McLean Adam , Palmer Andrew , Cairns Tom D. , Taube David
Published: July 2011

Background and objectives

Recent interest has focused on wait listing patients without pretreating coronary artery disease to expedite transplantation. Our practice is to offer coronary revascularization before transplantation if indicated.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Between 2006 and 2009, 657 patients (427 men, 230 women; ages, 56.5 ± 9.94 years) underwent pretransplant assessment with coronary angiography. 573 of 657 (87.2%) patients were wait listed; 247 of 573 (43.1%) patients were transplanted during the follow-up period, 30.09 ± 11.67 months.

Results

Patient survival for those not wait listed was poor, 83.2% and 45.7% at 1 and 3 years, respectively. In wait-listed patients, survival was 98.9% and 95.3% at 1 and 3 years, respectively. 184 of 657 (28.0%) patients were offered revascularization. Survival in patients (n = 16) declining revascularization was poor: 75% survived 1 year and 37.1% survived 3 years. Patients undergoing revascularization followed by transplantation (n = 51) had a 98.0% and 88.4% cardiac event–free survival at 1 and 3 years, respectively. Cardiac event–free survival for patients revascularized and awaiting deceased donor transplantation was similar: 94.0% and 90.0% at 1 and 3 years, respectively.

Conclusions

Our data suggest pre-emptive coronary revascularization is not only associated with excellent survival rates in patients subsequently transplanted, but also in those patients waiting on dialysis for a deceased donor transplant.
Neurocognitive Functioning of Children and Adolescents with Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hooper Stephen R. , Gerson Arlene C. , Butler Robert W. , Gipson Debbie S. , Mendley Susan R. , Lande Marc B. , Shinnar Shlomo , Wentz Alicia , Matheson Matthew , Cox Christopher , Furth Susan L. , Warady Bradley A.
Published: July 2011

Background and objectives

Few data exist on the neurocognitive functioning of children with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). The primary objectives of this paper are (1) to determine the neurocognitive status in this population and (2) to identify sociodemographic and health-status variables associated with neurocognitive functioning.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This was a cross-sectional study of 368 children, aged 6 to 16 years, from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort. Median iGFR was 43 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and the median duration of CKD was 8.0 years. Approximately 26% had underlying glomerular disease. Measures of intelligence, academic achievement, attention regulation, and executive functioning were obtained at study entry. The prevalence of neurocognitive deficits was determined by comparing participant scores on each measure of neurocognitive functioning with normative data. The association between hypothesized predictors of neurocognitive dysfunction was evaluated using multivariate regression analyses.

Results

Neurocognitive functioning was within the average range for the entire group; however, 21% to 40% of participants scored at least one SD below the mean on measures of intelligence quotient (IQ), academic achievement, attention regulation, or executive functioning. Higher iohexol-based GFR (iGFR) predicted a lesser risk for poor performance on measures of executive function. Participants having elevated proteinuria (i.e., urine protein/creatinine >2) scored lower on verbal IQ, full-scale IQ, and attention variability than those without elevated proteinuria.

Conclusions

Whereas most children with mild-to-moderate CKD have no major neurocognitive deficits, a substantial percentage did show neurocognitive dysfunction that places them at risk for poor long-term educational and occupational outcomes.
Outcomes of Arteriovenous Fistula Creation after the Fistula First Initiative
Authors: Schinstock Carrie A. , Albright Robert C. , Williams Amy W. , Dillon John J. , Bergstralh Eric J. , Jenson Bernice M. , McCarthy James T. , Nath Karl A.
Published: July 2011

Background and objectives

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred hemodialysis access, but AVF-failure rate is high, and complications from AVF placement are rarely reported. There is no clear consensus on predictors of AVF patency. This study determined AVF outcomes and patency predictors at Mayo Clinic Rochester following the Fistula First Initiative.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A retrospective cohort study of AVFs placed at Mayo Clinic from January 2006 through December 2008 was performed. The AVF placement-associated primary and secondary failure rates, complications, interventions, and hospitalizations were examined. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine primary and secondary patency and associated predictors.

Results

During this time frame, 317 AVFs were placed in 293 individual patients. The primary failure rate was 37.1% after excluding patients not initiated on hemodialysis during follow-up (n = 38) or those with indeterminate outcome (37 lost to follow-up; six died; two transplanted). Of usable AVFs, 11.4% later failed. AVF creation incurred complications and hospitalization in 21.2% and 12.3% of patients, respectively. The risk for reduced primary patency was increased by diabetes (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.07); the risk for reduced primary and secondary patency was decreased with larger arteries (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.94; and HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.84, respectively).

Conclusions

Primary failure remains a major issue in the post–Fistula First era. Complications from AVF placement must be considered when planning AVF placement. Our data demonstrate that artery size is the main predictor of AVF patency.
Multi-scale image semantic recognition with hierarchical visual vocabulary
Authors: Jiang Xinghao , Sun Tanfeng , Guanglei Fu
Published: July 2011

Local features have been proved to be effective in image/video semantic
analysis. The BOVW (bag of visual words) scheme can cluster local features to
form the visual vocabulary which includes an amount of words, where each word
is the center of one clustering feature. The vocabulary is used to recognize
the image semantic. In this paper, a new scheme to construct semantic-binding
hierarchical visual vocabulary is proposed. Some attributes and relationship
of the semantic nodes in the model are discussed. The hierarchical semantic
model is used to organize the multi-scale semantic into a level-by-level
structure. Experiments are performed based on the LabelMe dataset, the
performance of our scheme is evaluated and compared with the traditional BOVW
scheme, experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and flexibility of
our scheme.