bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating d‐band Center by Interface‐Induced Dislocation in Pt@PtCu Nanowires Boosting Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Luo Juan , Zhang Shaohui , Liu Feng , Cui Hao , Liu Xuanzhi , Liao Hanxiao , Gu Yuke , Liu Meihuan , Tan Pengfei , Pan Jun
Published: January 2025

Engineering the electronic configuration and intermediates adsorption behaviors of Platinum‐based catalysts is crucial for improving oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), yet it remains an enormous challenge. Herein, an interface‐induced dislocation tactic through Pt/PtCu heterogeneous formation in Pt@PtCu nanowires composites (Pt@PtCu NWs) for efficient ORR is reported. Theoretical studies have proven that dislocation driven by a hybrid interface could alter electron redistribution and downshift the d‐band of Pt, thus facilitating the desorption of oxygen‐containing species and achieving outstanding ORR performance. Specifically, the as‐prepared Pt@PtCu NWs deliver exceptional ORR properties with a half‐wave of 0.940 V. Moreover, the mass activity (MA) of Pt@PtCu NWs reaches 1.17 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V, which is 4.18 and 10.64 times higher than that of Pt NWs (0.27 A mgPt−1) and commercial Pt/C (0.11 A mgPt−1). Most importantly, Pt@PtCu NWs also prove remarkable structural stability with only a 14.5% decrease in MA compared to a 58.9% decrease for Pt/C after the durability test. Overall, this strategy of d‐band center tuning induced by hybrid‐interface‐driven dislocation provides a promising avenue for designing high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.
Double‐Dynamic‐Bond Cross‐Linked Hydrogel Adhesive with Cohesion‐Adhesion Enhancement for Emergency Tissue Closure and Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Yan Ming , Hu Shi‐Yu , Tan Hao‐Jie , Dai Rui , Wang Haibo , Peng Xu , Wang Zhi‐Guo , Xu Jia‐Zhuang , Li Zhong‐Ming
Published: January 2025

The hydrogel adhesives with strong tissue adhesion and biological characteristics adhm202404447are urgently needed for injury sealing and tissue repair. However, the negative correlation between tissue adhesion and the mechanical strength poses a challenge for their practical application. Herein, a bio‐inspired cohesive enhancement strategy is developed to prepare the hydrogel adhesive with simultaneously enhanced mechanical strength and tissue adhesion. The double cross‐linked network is achieved through the cooperation between polyacrylic acid grafted with N‐hydroxy succinimide crosslinked by tannic acid and cohesion‐enhanced ion crosslinking of sodium alginate and Ca2+. Such a unique structure endows the resultant hydrogel adhesive with excellent tissue adhesion strength and mechanical strength. The hydrogel adhesive is capable of sealing various organs in vitro, and exhibits satisfactory on‐demand removability, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. As a proof of concept, the hydrogel adhesive not only effectively halts non‐compressible hemorrhages of beating heart and femoral artery injury models in rats, but also accelerates the healing of infected wound by inhibiting bacteria and reducing inflammation. Overall, this advanced hydrogel adhesive is promising as an emergency rescue adhesive that enables robust tissue closure, timely controlling bleeding, and promoting damaged tissue healing.
An Overview of Flame‐Retardant Materials for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Future Applications
Authors: Panda Swati , Hajra Sugato , Kim Hyeonggeun , Seo Jeonggyu , Jeong ByeongJun , Lee Ingyu , Kaja Kushal Ruthvik , Belal Mohamed Ahmed , Vivekananthan Venkateswaran , Khanbareh Hamideh , Bowen Chris , Mistewicz Krystian , Kim Hoe Joon
Published: January 2025

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained significant attention for ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. As the applications of TENG devices expand, their safety and reliability becomes priority, particularly where there is risk of fire or spontaneous combustion. Flame‐retardant materials can be employed to address these safety concerns without compromising the performance and efficiency of TENGs. The primary focus of this review is on flame‐retardant materials, including polymers, biomaterials, liquid polymers, aerogels, and carbon‐based materials. The fundamental properties of these materials for TENG applications are elucidated. The characteristics of each material type are described, along with their potential to boost the safety and performance of TENGs. The importance of flame retardancy in advancing TENG technology can be projected from its usage in wearable electronics, self‐powered sensors, and smart textiles. Current challenges such as material compatibility, fabrication complexity, and environmental concerns are addressed, along with proposed strategies for overcoming them. This review underscores the significance of flame‐retardant materials in strengthening the functionality and safety of TENG devices, paving the way for their widespread adoption across various industries.
Piezoelectric Vitamin‐Based Self‐Assemblies for Energy Generation
Authors: Hu Jian , Liu Shuaijie , Huo Yehong , Yang Bingbing , Yin Yuanyuan , Tan Mei‐Ling , Liu Peng , Cai Kaiyong , Ji Wei
Published: January 2025

Structural diversity of biomolecules leads to various supramolecular organizations and asymmetric architectures of self‐assemblies with significant piezoelectric response. However, the piezoelectricity of biomolecular self‐assemblies has not been fully explored and the relationship between supramolecular structures and piezoelectricity remains poorly understood, which hinders the development of piezoelectric biomaterials. Herein, for the first time, the piezoelectricity of vitamin‐based self‐assemblies for power generation is systematically explored. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that vitamin molecules can self‐assemble into different supramolecular structures, which exhibited tunable piezoelectric coefficients ranging from 3.8 to 42.8 pC N−1 by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, vitamin B7 D‐biotin (D‐BIO) self‐assemblies exhibited superior piezoelectricity due to low crystal symmetry and high polarization of supramolecular arrangements. The D‐BIO assemblies‐based piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) produced output voltages of ≈0.8 V under a mechanical force of 47 N, showing high mechanical durability after 5400 pressing‐releasing cycles and high stability of at least three months. The PENG‐based wearable sensor successfully detected bending motions of human limbs. Furthermore, the PENG‐based insole converted biomechanical energy into stable electrical energy upon foot movement, illuminating 12 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). This work fills knowledge gaps in piezoelectricity of vitamin‐based self‐assemblies, providing paradigms for realizing high‐performance piezoelectric biomaterials through supramolecular engineering.
Bionic Recognition Technologies Inspired by Biological Mechanosensory Systems
Authors: Zhang Xiangxiang , Wang Changguang , Pi Xiang , Li Bo , Ding Yuechun , Yu Hexuan , Sun Jialue , Wang Pinkun , Chen You , Wang Qun , Zhang Changchao , Meng Xiancun , Chen Guangjun , Wang Dakai , Wang Ze , Mu Zhengzhi , Song Honglie , Zhang Junqiu , Niu Shichao , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan
Published: January 2025

Mechanical information is a medium for perceptual interaction and health monitoring of organisms or intelligent mechanical equipment, including force, vibration, sound, and flow. Researchers are increasingly deploying mechanical information recognition technologies (MIRT) that integrate information acquisition, pre‐processing, and processing functions and are expected to enable advanced applications. However, this also poses significant challenges to information acquisition performance and information processing efficiency. The novel and exciting mechanosensory systems of organisms in nature have inspired us to develop superior mechanical information bionic recognition technologies (MIBRT) based on novel bionic materials, structures, and devices to address these challenges. Herein, first bionic strategies for information pre‐processing are presented and their importance for high‐performance information acquisition is highlighted. Subsequently, design strategies and considerations for high‐performance sensors inspired by mechanoreceptors of organisms are described. Then, the design concepts of the neuromorphic devices are summarized in order to replicate the information processing functions of a biological nervous system. Additionally, the ability of MIBRT is investigated to recognize basic mechanical information. Furthermore, further potential applications of MIBRT in intelligent robots, healthcare, and virtual reality are explored with a view to solve a range of complex tasks. Finally, potential future challenges and opportunities for MIBRT are identified from multiple perspectives.
Sole‐Solvent High‐Entropy Electrolyte Realizes Wide‐Temperature and High‐Voltage Practical Anode‐Free Sodium Pouch Cells
Authors: Li Yanmei , Wang Jiawei , Wang Yingyu , Wang Sicong , Wu Liqiang , Zhou Bin , Yang Daojun , Jiang Li , Kan Lian , Zhu Qiaonan , Kurbanov Mirtemir , Wang Hua
Published: January 2025

Anode‐free sodium batteries (AFSBs) hold great promise for high‐density energy storage. However, high‐voltage AFSBs, especially those can stably cycle at a wide temperature range are challenging due to the poor electrolyte compatibility toward both the cathode and anode. Herein, high‐voltage AFSBs with cycling ability in a wide temperature range (−20–60 °C) are realized for the first time via a sole‐solvent high‐entropy electrolyte based on the diethylene glycol dibutyl ether solvent (D2) and NaPF6 salt. The sole‐solvent high‐entropy electrolyte with unique solvent‐ions effect of strong anion interaction and weak cation solvation enables entropy‐driven electrolyte salt disassociation and high‐concentration contact ion pairs, thus simultaneously forming stable anion‐derived electrode–electrolyte interphases on cathode and anode. Moreover, the wide liquid range of D2 further extends the temperature extremes of the battery. Consequently, ampere‐hour (Ah)‐level anode‐free sodium pouch cells with cyclability in a wide temperature range of −20–60 °C are realized. Impressively, the pouch cell achieves a leadingly high cell‐level energy density of 209 Wh kg−1 and a high capacity retention of 83.1% after 100 cycles at 25 °C. This work provides inspirations for designing advanced electrolytes for practical AFSBs.
Base‐Mediated Four‐Component Intramolecular Cyclization Reaction: One‐Pot Access to Imidazole‐4‐(2H)‐Ones
Authors: Pawar Ganesh P. , Barve Indrajeet J. , Shen Li‐Ching , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: January 2025

A base‐mediated one‐pot, two‐step, four‐component reaction has been developed to synthesize imidazole‐4(2H)‐ones, utilizing commercially available amino acid esters, aldehydes, alkynes, and amino alcohols. Control experiments and isolation of the intermediate revealed the mechanistic details. This four‐component reaction proceeds via imine formation, followed by the nucleophilic addition of alkyne to form a propargylamine precursor. Subsequently, the propargylamine precursor under undergoes base‐mediated conversion into 1‐azadiene, followed by in situ ketene formation to generate (allylideneamino)prop‐1‐en‐1‐one. The nucleophilic addition of amino alcohol and subsequent intramolecular cyclization provides imidazole‐4 (2H)‐ones exclusively.
Alkylation of Imines with Alkyl Halides under Electrochemical Conditions
Authors: Zhang Tan , Wu Mengyun , Wang Wenhui , Fan Yingsibing , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: January 2025

An electrochemical protocol for the alkylation of imines was developed by using easily available alkyl halides as the alkyl sources, graphite felt (GF) as anode and zinc plate as cathode. Various substituted imines, alkyl bromides and alkyl iodides were suitable for this reaction and a series of α‐branched amines were obtained in moderate to good yields. This method provides a green way for the addition of imines to avoid the need for metal reagents, chemical oxidants and reductants, which makes it has a good application prospect in drug synthesis.
Ultrasensitive Isomer Discrimination: A Joint Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Strategy
Authors: Montes‐García Verónica , Martín Victor F. , Obelleiro‐Liz Manuel , Pérez‐Juste Ignacio , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo
Published: January 2025

Isomer discrimination is of paramount importance across various sectors, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and the food industry, owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics. Because of their extremely similar characteristics, traditional analytical methods fail or encounter severe limitations in isomer discrimination. To overcome this grand challenge, a novel sensing strategy is proposed based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates (i.e., plasmonic platforms) combined with machine learning algorithms. These plasmonic platforms exhibit exceptional signal uniformity across wide regions and sensitivity, enabling the discrimination of structural isomers (hydroquinone, resorcinol, pyrocatechol), geometric isomers ((Z/E)‐stilbene, (Z/E)‐resveratrol), and optical isomers (R/S‐ibuprofen). Notably, for the analysis of optical isomers, 1‐naphthalenethiol is employed as a probe to facilitate specific isomer orientation on the surface of the plasmonic platform through, for the first time, π–π interactions. The integration of machine learning methodologies, such as Partial Least Squares Regression and Artificial Neural Networks, significantly enhances both quantitative analysis and classification accuracy, achieving detection limits as low as 2 × 10⁻⁸ m. Validation with commercially available ibuprofen samples shows excellent agreement with traditional circular dichroism results, highlighting the method's robustness and precision. The strategy provides a versatile, ultrasensitive, and reliable solution for isomer discrimination, with broad applications in pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostics.
Dual Targeting Biomimetic Carrier‐Free Nanosystems for Photo‐Chemotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Macrophage Apoptosis and Re‐Polarization
Authors: Xue Guanghe , Jiang Huimei , Song Zhenhua , Zhao Yifan , Gao Wen , Lv Bai , Cao Jie
Published: January 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease that often results in irreversible joint erosion and disability. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first‐line drug against RA, but the significant side effects of long‐term administration limit its use. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed for treating RA. Here, dual‐targeting biomimetic carrier‐free nanomaterials (BSA‐MTX‐CyI nanosystem, BMC) is developed for synergistic photo‐chemotherapy of RA. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), which has high affinity with SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) in the RA joint microenvironment, is selected as the hydrophilic end and coupled with MTX and the phototherapeutic agent CyI to self‐assemble into BMC. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that BMC accumulated significantly at the joint site in collagen antibody‐induced arthritis mice and could be specifically recognized and taken up by folate receptors in proinflammatory M1 macrophages. Upon near‐infrared laser irradiation, CyI exerted photodynamic and photothermal effects, whereas MTX not only inhibited cell proliferation but also increased cell sensitivity to reactive oxygen species, enhancing the apoptotic effect induced by CyI and achieving synergistic photo‐chemotherapy. Moreover, BMC could induce macrophages to reprogram into anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages. This study provides innovative approaches for RA treatment via macrophage apoptosis and re‐polarization.
Photothermal Catalysts, Light and Heat Management: From Materials Design to Performance Evaluation
Authors: Ramos‐Fernandez Enrique V. , Rendon‐Patiño Alejandra , Mateo Diego , Wang Xinhuilan , Dally Pia , Cui Mengmeng , Castaño Pedro , Gascon Jorge
Published: January 2025

Photothermal catalysis, a frontier in heterogeneous catalysis, combines light‐driven and thermally enhanced chemical reactions to optimize energy use and reaction efficiencies at catalytic active sites. By leveraging photothermal conversion, this approach links renewable energy sources with industrial chemical processes, offering significant potential for sustainable applications. This review categorizes photothermal catalysis into three types: light‐driven thermocatalysis, thermally enhanced photocatalysis, and photo‐thermo coupling catalysis. Each category is analyzed, emphasizing mechanisms, performance factors, and the role of advanced materials such as plasmonic nanoparticles, semiconductors, and hybrid composites in enhancing light absorption, thermal distribution, and catalytic stability. Key challenges include achieving uniform thermal and photonic energy distributions within catalytic reactors and developing accurate performance evaluation metrics. Applications such as CO₂ reduction, ammonia synthesis, and plastic upcycling highlight the environmental and industrial relevance of this technology. The review identifies limitations and suggests innovations in materials design and energy‐storing mechanisms to enable continuous catalytic processes. Future directions emphasize photothermal catalysis's potential to transform sustainable energy systems and advance green chemical production. This synthesis aims to guide research and foster practical adoption of photothermal technologies at an industrial scale.
Staging an Experience of Cultural Heritage Preservation: Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Heirloom Rice in the Philippines
Authors: Britwum Kofi , Demont Matty
Published: January 2025

The Cordillera Administrative Region in the Philippines is home to terraced rice embedded in centuries of cultural heritage. However, weak market incentives threaten sustained production, jeopardizing indigenous communities' cultural heritage and the in situ biodiversity of rice genetic resources. Demand‐side policy interventions have been proposed to address these challenges. Drawing on the experience economy, we staged an experience with urban consumers, offering them the opportunity to participate in cultural heritage preservation through purchasing heirloom rice. Participants first self‐selected into white or brown rice market segments as a benchmark. Subsequently, each market segment was invited to (i) identify their preference between their benchmark and heirloom rice, and (ii) bid to upgrade their non‐preferred to their preferred rice through a Becker‐DeGroot‐Marschak (BDM) mechanism. The sample was randomly split between a control group and two “experience treatment” groups exposed to gain‐ or loss‐framed narratives about rice terrace preservation. Results reveal that a subset of consumers in each market segment switched to heirloom rice. White rice consumers were more reluctant to transition to heirloom rice, although they responded positively to the gain‐framed narrative, paying the highest price premiums for heirloom rice (PhP 92.55 or US $2.03 per kilogram). Brown rice consumers were more willing to switch but willing to pay lower premiums for heirloom rice, altogether suggesting the need for a segmented marketing strategy. Highlighting nutritional benefits and quality is crucial, but positioning heirloom rice within a gastronomic system that showcases its use in specific dishes and occasions is equally important for enhancing consumer appeal.
Novel [3+2+1] Coordinated Iridium (III) Complexes for Hyperefficient Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Siwei , Shao Ming , Wu Yuan , Gao Yun‐Ran , Ma Fulong , Jiang Jinhui , Chen Chao , Wang Zun‐Yun , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Xu Xi‐Ling , Yang Chen , Du Juan , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2025

Efficient photosensitizers are crucial for the success of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we reported two [3+2+1] coordinated organometallic Iridium (III) complexes (labeled as Ir‐C1 and Ir‐C4). Ir‐C1/C4 can generate both type I and type II reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro experiments, Ir‐C1/C4 show low biotoxicity and high phototoxicity of half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values of 14 nM and 33 nM on rectal cancer cell line HCT116, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that the Ir‐C1/C4 activated ferroptosis, apoptosis, and inhibiting autophagy simultaneously. Proteomics analysis demonstrated that the photosensitizers destroyed the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), blocking the signal transmission and material transfer between the ER and other tissues of the cell, especially the ER to Golgi vesicle‐mediated transport. Ir‐C1/C4 can achieve better antitumor performance than commercial photosensitizer Chlorin e6 and the ferroptosis activator RSL3 at lower concentrations. The low biotoxicity and high phototoxicity make them ideal candidates for PDT. The findings provide new insights into the design of photosensitizers for metal complexes and have significant implications for the development of PDT and related drugs.
Next‐Generation Photosensitizers: Cyanine‐Carborane Salts for Superior Photodynamic Therapy of Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Roshanzadeh Amir , Medeiros Hyllana C. D. , Herrera Christopher K. , Malhado Carson , Tomich Anton W. , Fisher Steven P. , Lovera Sergio O. , Bates Matthew , Lavallo Vincent , Lunt Richard R. , Lunt Sophia Y.
Published: January 2025

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising targeted treatment for cancer. However, current PDT is limited by low tissue penetration, insufficient phototoxicity (toxicity with light irradiation), and undesirable cytotoxicity (toxicity without light irradiation). Here, we report the discovery of cyanine‐carborane salts as potent photosensitizers (PSs) that harness the near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing [cyanine+] with the inertness of [carborane−]. The implementation of [cyanine+] [carborane−] salts dramatically enhance cancer targeting of the PSs and decrease cytotoxicity. We characterize the cellular uptake of the cyanine‐carborane PSs, organelle localization, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the ability to cogenerate multiple ROS species, suppression of pro‐metastatic pathways, and activation of apoptotic pathways. We further demonstrate the ability of optimized PSs to eliminate tumors in vivo using an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. These newly developed [cyanine+] [carborane−] salt PSs introduce a potent therapeutic approach against aggressive breast cancer while decreasing side effects.
Ligand‐Directed Actinide Oxo‐Bond Manipulation in Actinyl Thiacalix[4]arene Complexes
Authors: Pyrch Mikaela M. , Meyer Rachel L. , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Cooke Piper A. , Fiszbein David J. , Ito Emi , Katzer Nicholas J. , Conour Cambell S. , Minasian Stefan G. , Maron Laurent , Arnold. Polly L.
Published: January 2025

Understanding the chemistry of the inert actinide oxo bond in actinyl ions AnO22+ is important for controlling actinide behavior in the environment, during separations, and in nuclear waste (An=U, Np, Pu). The thioether calixarene TC4A (4‐tert‐butyltetrathiacalix[4]arene) binds equatorially to the actinyl cation forming a conical pocket that differentiates the two trans‐oxo groups. The ‘ate’ complexes, [A]2[UO2(TC4A)] (A=[Li(DME)2], HNEt3) and [HNEt3]2[AnO2(TC4A)] (An=U, Np, Pu), enable selective oxo chemistry. Silylation of the UVI oxo groups by bis(trimethylsilyl)pyrazine occurs first at only the unencapsulated exo oxo and only one silylation is needed to enable migration of the endo oxo out of the cone, whereupon a second silylation affords the stable UIV cis‐bis(siloxide) [A]2[U(OSiMe3)2(TC4A)]. Calculations confirm that only one silylation event is needed to initiate oxo rearrangement, and that the putative cis dioxo isomer of [UO2(TC4A)]2− would be stable if it could be accessed synthetically, at only 23 kcal.mol−1 in energy above the classical trans dioxo. Calculations for the transuranic cis[AnO2(TC4A)]2− (An=Np, Pu) are at higher energies, 30–35 kcal.mol−1, retaining the U complexes as the more obvious target for a cis‐dioxo actinyl ion. The aryloxide (OAr) groups of the macrocycle are essential in stabilizing this as‐yet unseen uranyl geometry as further bonding in the TC4A U‐OAr groups stabilizes the U=O ‘yl’ bonds, explaining the stability of the putative cis[UO2(TC4A)]2− in this ligand framework.
Unlocking Advanced Architectures of Single‐Crystal Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Liu Minchao , Lv Zirui , Peng Yao , Kou Yufang , Zhao Tiancong , Yu Hongyue , Jia Jia , Gao Lifei , Shang Cheng , Zhang Fan , Zhao Dongyuan , Li Xiaomin
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with diverse geometries has captivated considerable interest due to their manifestation of novel and extraordinary properties. While much progress has been made in shaping regular polyhedral single‐crystal MOFs, the creation of more complex, topologically intricate nanostructures remains a largely unexplored frontier. Here, we present a refined site‐specific anisotropic assembly and etching co‐mediation approach to fabricate a series of hierarchical MOF nanohybrids and single‐crystal MOFs. This approach yields ZIF‐8&mSiO2 nanohybrids with diverse topologies, alongside derived single‐crystal MOF nanoparticles exhibiting intricate morphologies such as hexapods, nested nanocages, and octopods. Our method involves the selective growth of six mSiO2 nanoplates on the {100} facets of ZIF‐8 nanocubes, forming the cubic‐shaped ZIF‐8&mSiO2 nanohybrids, with the concurrent etching of the {110} facets of initial ZIF‐8 nanocubes. By fine‐tuning this balance between the growth and etching, we achieved precise morphological control, transforming cubic nanohybrids into intricate hexapods nanohybrids. Additionally, secondary epitaxial growth of homo‐ or hetero‐MOFs on these hybrids led to ZIF‐8&mSiO2&MOF composites with six mSiO2 inlays. Finally, selective alkaline etching of the mSiO2 compartments result in single‐crystal MOF nanoparticles with unprecedented and sophisticated morphologies, such as hexapods, nested nanocages, octopods. This work advances the field of MOF nanostructure design, opening new avenues for the development of sophisticated, multifunctional materials.
Tunable Catalytic Vertex Wall Chemistry in Metal‐free Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Changqing , Wang Zhaoying , Jin Yucheng , Li Zhongping , Jeon Jong‐Pil , Zhao Songlin , Shao Yanhua , Tang Feng , Kim Won‐Yeong , Guan Runnan , Seo Jeong‐Min , Lee Zonghoon , Lee Sang‐Young , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: January 2025

Metal‐free covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) because of their unique structural properties and notable stability. To enhance both catalytic activity and selectivity, a variety of linkers and linkages have been investigated in efforts to precisely engineer COFs. However, the impact of vertex structures within COFs on ORR catalysis remains largely underexplored. Here, to modulate COF catalytic performance, we introduce tunable catalytic vertex wall chemistry by introducing diverse triazine and thiophene units. The catalytic vertex wall approach allows the fine‐tuning of electronic surface states, leading to improved intermediate adsorption characteristics and accelerated ORR activity. Remarkably, the engineered COF achieved a half‐wave potential of 0.76 V, surpassing COFs modified by linker or linkage strategies. Theoretical calculations suggest that this enhanced activity arises from the strong binding affinity of OOH* intermediates to carbon atoms adjacent to the thiophene vertex, facilitating OOH* reduction to a O2 molecule, which is the rate‐limiting step of the ORR. These findings reveal the pivotal role of vertex wall engineering in conjugated COF frameworks, and offer critical insights to advance COFs design toward superior ORR performance.
Disturbance‐Triggered Instant Crystallization Activating Bioinspired Emissive Gels
Authors: Qi Min , Huang Jianxiang , Wei Junjie , Zhou Jiayin , Liu Depeng , Li Longqiang , Luo Wuzhen , Yin Guangqiang , Chen Tao
Published: January 2025

Many marine organisms feature sensitive sensory‐perceptual systems to sense the surrounding environment and respond to disturbance with intense bioluminescence. However, it remains a great challenge to develop artificial materials that can sense external disturbance and simultaneously activate intense luminescence, although such materials are attractive for visual sensing and intelligent displays. Herein, we present a new class of bioinspired smart gels constructed by integrating hydrophilic polymeric networks, metastable supersaturated salt and fluorophores containing heterogenic atoms. Upon external disturbance, the composite gels undergo an instant and reversible soft‐rigid state transition, simultaneously turning on intense fluorescence and activating ultralong afterglow emission with a maximum lifetime of 877.15 ms. The experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the disturbance‐induced luminescence mainly results from the geometrical confinement of aggregated fluorophores and enhanced molecular interactions to immensely suppress the non‐radiative dissipation. Given their versatile and sensitive disturbance‐responsiveness, dynamic interactive painting and 3D smart optical displays are demonstrated. This study paves a new avenue to achieve disturbance‐sensing soft materials and promotes the development of smart visual sensors and interactive optical displays.
Selenium‐Substitution Strategy for Enhanced Mobility, Tunable Bandgap, and Improved Electrochemical Energy Storage in Semiconducting Conjugated Coordination Polymers
Authors: Wu Sha , Huang Xing , Fu Shuai , Li Ze , Yin Siping , Liao Wenkai , Wang Mingchao , Lu Yang , Bonn Mischa , Sun Yimeng , Feng Xinliang , Xu Wei
Published: January 2025

Conjugated coordination polymers (c‐CPs), a novel class of organic–inorganic hybrid materials, are distinguished by their unique structural characteristics and exceptional charge transport properties. The electronic properties of these materials are critically determined by the constituting coordination atoms, with electron‐rich selenol ligands emerging as promising candidates for constructing high‐mobility semiconducting c‐CPs. Despite their potential, c‐CPs incorporating selenium‐substituted ligands remain scarce due to the synthetic challenges associated with both the ligands and the coordination polymers. In this study, we successfully synthesized a new tetraselenol‐hydroxyquinone (TSHQ) ligand using a “4+2” design strategy and developed a semiconducting three‐dimensional Ag−Se coordination polymer, Ag4TSHQ. Ag4TSHQ exhibits room‐temperature electrical conductivity of up to 1.6 S/m and shares the same structural topology as Ag4TTHQ (TTHQ=tetrathiol‐hydroxyquinone), enabling precise band gap modulation from 0.6 eV to 1.5 eV via a mixed‐ligand approach. Time‐resolved terahertz spectroscopy reveals that the charge mobility of Ag4TSHQ in the dc limit is ~350 cm2/V ⋅ s, which is twice that of its sulfur counterpart, Ag4TTHQ. Furthermore, our evaluations of their electrochemical energy storage capabilities demonstrate that Ag4TSHQ effectively utilizes its redox potential, achieving a remarkable specific capacitance of up to 340 F/g‐significantly outperforming Ag4TTHQ, which has a capacitance of 294 F/g. These findings underscore the potential of selenium‐ligand‐based c‐CPs for optoelectronic applications and energy storage technologies.
Promising Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials: Hybrid Fillers Reinforced Bio‐Based Composites
Authors: Ucpinar Bedriye , Aytac Ayse
Published: January 2025

Electromagnetic pollution, also known as electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues, is a growing concern as electronic and telecommunication technologies advance. The resulting urgent demand for EMI shielding materials underscores the need for the development of high‐performance, environmentally friendly shielding materials. Here, we assess the impact of multiscale carbon‐based hybrid filler on the EMI shielding performance of polyamide 11/poly(lactic acid) composites. The effects of the amounts (0.5 to 5 wt%) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofillers in carbon fiber (CF)/GNP and CF/MWCNT‐reinforced hybrid composites were comparatively investigated. The composites were fabricated through melt blending/compression molding and subsequently characterized in terms of morphological, fiber length, electrical properties, and EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). Morphological imaging revealed a good adhesion between the fillers and the matrix, indicating a favorable interaction. The fiber length analysis demonstrated that fiber lengths were longer in CF/GNP hybrid composites than in CF/MWCNT. The EMI SE measurements showed the synergistic effects of the fillers in the X and Ku bands. The highest EMI SE values at 10 GHz and 16 GHz for the 20CF‐5GNP composite were 34 and 40 dB, respectively.
Heteroarene‐Fused Benzo[b]arsoles: Structure, Photophysical Properties, and Effects of the Bridging Element
Authors: Sumida Akifumi , Naka Kensuke , Imoto Hiroaki
Published: January 2025

Heteroarene‐fused heteroles have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique electronic and photophysical properties. The bridging element plays a crucial role in determining the electronic characteristics of the resulting π‐conjugated molecules. In this study, we synthesized a series of heteroarene‐fused benzo[b]arsoles and investigated their structures and photophysical properties. All the synthesized arsoles exhibited phosphorescence at 77 K, whereas arsole oxide did not. The phosphorescence intensities of the pnictogen‐containing heteroles (phosphorus and arsenic) were significantly higher than those of the tetrel‐containing heteroles (silicon and germanium). This trend was analyzed through theoretical calculations, focusing on the energy levels of the excited singlet and triplet states as well as the spin‐orbit coupling matrix elements. Furthermore, the indole‐fused benzoarsole oxide exhibited a mechanically induced emission color change. The removal of crystalline water triggered a change in the molecular packing that reduced the excimer emission.
Further Translational Evaluations of Efficacy and Preference for Isolated and Synthesized Contingency Procedures
Authors: Auten Emma M. , Irwin Helvey Casey , Van Camp Carole
Published: January 2025

The current study was a replication and extension of previous research using a translational evaluation of the traditional isolated FA and SCA. Four participants experienced differential reinforcement for alternative behavior (DRA) based on FA and SCA results, and a concurrent‐chains arrangement was used to evaluate preference for the DRA conditions. Results showed that the isolated FA only identified the trained function. Across participants, DRA resulted in similar decreases in the surrogate destructive behavior across synthesized and isolated conditions and increases in the alternative response. Preferences for synthesized and isolated conditions differed across participants.
Novel Perylene Diimide–Benzothaizole Hybrid: A Reaction‐Based Probe for the Detection and Discrimination of H2S, Cys and DTT
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Prabhpreet
Published: January 2025

The reaction‐based probe perylene diimide–hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole (PR) can be used for the detection and discrimination of H2S, DTT and Cys in 20% HEPES buffer–DMSO and DMSO. The H2S induced radical anion formation of PR in 20% HEPES buffer and thiolysis of the ether bond of PR in DMSO. However, the addition of DTT showed only a decrease in the absorbance intensity and Cys showed insignificant behaviour towards PR in DMSO. The optical, AFM and DLS studies along with isolation of the reaction product in the model reaction support the interaction of the PR with bio thiols.
Evaluation of growth and yield of new papaya (Carica papaya L.) hybrid lines and their performance against Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus‐causing disease
Authors: Kosgei Janet Chepng’etich , Asudi George O. , Ombwara Francis Kweya , Kariuki Lilian W. , Rimberia Fredah K.
Published: January 2025

The production of Carica papaya L. in Kenya is seriously affected by the Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus and lack of improved varieties leading to the importation of expensive seeds for the resource‐scarce farmers. To curb these challenges, new papaya hybrid lines were recently selected and bred, but their growth traits and performance against papaya diseases were not evaluated. Therefore, we assessed the growth, development, and production characteristics of these new hybrid lines 1–8, with Sunrise Solo as control using the International Board of Plant Genetic Resources papaya descriptor in the field at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja. The hybrid trees matured 6–15 days before Sunrise Solo and fruited at heights of 23–37 cm lower than controls at the end of the harvesting stage, showing they could be harvested longer than the controls. Hybrid line 4 had larger fruits preferred for local markets and industrial use, while hybrid lines 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8 and Sunrise Solo had smaller and medium‐sized fruits suitable for exports. However, only hybrid lines 6 and 7 showed more tolerance to MWMV disease and powdery mildew. Therefore, normal agronomic practices are important for seed multiplication purposes to improve papaya production in Kenya.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid via N‐Hydroxyphthalimide‐Integrated Porphyrin(Co) Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yin Ying , Fang Lei , Wu Guocai , Xu Hui , Li Liangchun
Published: January 2025

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves, coupled with the mounting environmental concerns, highlights the urgent need to develop sustainable methods for chemical synthesis from renewable resources. One promising avenue is the electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), utilizing non‐precious metal catalysts. Herein, we designed and synthesized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as electrocatalysts, engineered through the integration of N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) linkers with porphyrin building blocks. Electrochemical studies revealed that the Co‐Por‐COF‐NHPI with metallic porphyrin(Co) surpassed the nonmetallic Por‐COF‐NHPI in conversion, selectivity, and recyclable stability by virtue of the lower onset potentials, higher current densities, and diminished charge transfer resistance. The Co‐Por‐COF‐NHPI achieved remarkable HMF conversion of 95.5% and selectivity to FDCA of 95.6%, attributable to the synergistic effect of porphyrin(Co) and oxidative organocatalytic NHPI sites. Continuous cycling tests further verified its outstanding stability and durability, underscoring the potential of Co‐Por‐COF‐NHPI as an efficient and sustainable catalyst for biomass conversion.
One‐Step Chronoamperometric Synthesized Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide as a Novel Anode for Sodium‐Ion Battery with an Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Almarzoge MohammedMustafa , Gencten Metin , Ozsin Gamzenur
Published: January 2025

Sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to the global abundance and cost‐effectiveness of sodium, making them a promising alternative to lithium‐based batteries. In this study, nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide powders (NGO) have been prepared in one step by using chronoamperometric method and then have been used as anode materials for NIBs. The NGO powder surface is covalently doped by C−N formation. The synthesized powder had few layers (~3 layers) with nanocrystalline domain size (Lα) ~46 nm, and the number of sp2 carbon rings was calculated to be ~18. The initial discharge capacity recorded 199.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate. Besides, the capacity retention for long‐term cycling of 100 cycles at 2 C rate was 91.78 %. The deduced diffusion coefficient from galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements for NGO as anode in NIBs is in the range of 10−11–10−12 cm2 s−1. The electrochemical performance was attributed to the enhanced d‐spacing of NGO up to 6.8 °A and formation large number of defects.
Catalytic Serine Labeling in Nonaqueous, Acidic Media
Authors: Ishizawa Seiya , Uzoewulu Chiamaka P. , Iwakura Yume , Koirala Anuja , Sato Shinichi , Ohata Jun
Published: January 2025

Chemoselective modification of alkyl alcohols (e. g., serine residues) on proteins has been a daunting challenge especially in aqueous media. Herein, we report chemical modification of alkyl alcohols in protein and cell lysate samples using carboxylic acid‐based bioconjugation media. The acidic medium is not only useful to suppress reactivity of other nucleophiles in proteins, but the medium also serves as a potentially biomolecule‐compatible solvent. The acid‐catalyzed acylation strategy has a unique selectivity paradigm compared to the common active‐serine‐targeted method and would act as a new strategy for studying biological roles of serine residues.
Synthesis of a Transient Cationic Phosphaborene and its Trapping by Facile Aliphatic C−H Bond Activation
Authors: LaPierre Etienne A. , Kehrig Anika , Patrick Brian O. , Tuononen Heikki M. , Manners Ian
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of a transient cationic phosphaborene [(Mes*)P=B(CAAC)]+ (Mes*=2,4,6,–tri‐tert‐butylphenyl, CAAC=cyclic alkylamino carbene) by halide abstraction from the B‐brominated analogue is reported. This species was found to undergo rapid and selective intramolecular aliphatic C−H bond activation to yield a phosphinoborenium cation, which undergoes facile deprotonation to give a cyclic base‐stabilized phosphaborene. Computational investigation of the mechanism of C−H activation indicates a boron‐centred activation route with an exceptionally low barrier of 8 kJ mol−1, followed by a nearly barrierless hydride migration from boron to phosphorus. This underscores the enhanced reactivity of phosphaborenes compared to their lighter iminoborane analogues and indicates that steric stabilization alone is likely insufficient to isolate persistent cationic phosphaborenes, necessitating the use of alternative design strategies.
The long road to unbiased estimates of pancreatic cancer incidence in the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
Authors: Hippalgaonkar Neha , Huo Dezheng , Hoskins Kent F.
Published: January 2025

The determination of unbiased cancer risk estimates in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) poses several challenges. The article by Katona and colleagues is the first analysis to provide estimates of pancreatic cancer incidence in HBOC generated from a prospectively followed cohort of BRCA mutation carriers, which addresses several potential biases inherent in retrospective pedigree analyses.
Utilization of a Joint Point Regression Model for Predicting Mortality Rates of Common Cancers in Babol City
Authors: Ebrahimi Pouyan , Khaleghi Sara , Vali Mohebat , Delavari Sahar , Khafri Soraya , Karami Mohsen , Shojaie Layla , Nikbakht Hossein‐Ali
Published: January 2025

Background

Cancer is a major cause of mortality. Timely information about cancer mortality trends is essential for prioritizing health programs.

Aims

This study aims to use a Joint point regression model to predict the mortality rates of the top 10 common cancers in Babol City.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study considered all registered cancer‐related deaths from 2013 to 2021 in the Babol University of Medical Sciences' death registration and classification system. Crude and age‐standardized rates and cancer trends were calculated and predicted for the next 5 years, overall and by type of cancer and gender.

Results

Over these 9years, 2417 deaths from the 10 common cancers were recorded. We observed an increase in mortality rates with a slope of 12.05% from 2013 to 2016, and a gentler slope of 3.2% from 2016 to 2021. Cancer mortality rates are predicted to increase by 6.43% in the next 5 years without intervention. Detailed analysis indicates that breast cancer will have the highest mortality rate during 2022–2026, rising by 13.6% annually. Predictions based on gender indicate that, breast cancer mortality will increase by 13.6% annually for women. Also, stomach cancer mortality rates will increase by 0.15% in men annually.

Conclusion

Cancer mortality in Babol remains a significant public health issue with an increasing trend. Nevertheless, these rising mortality rates require urgent interventions, including cancer prevention programs, increased access to medical services, and improved quality of life.
Fabrication and Modification of Hydrotalcite‐Based Photocatalysts and Their Composites for CO2 Reduction: A Critical Review
Authors: Ur Rehman Munir , Yin Rong , Yang Zhao‐Di , Zhang Guiling , Liu Yang , Zhang Feng‐Ming , Yu Cancan , Muhammad Sheraz
Published: January 2025

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), which resemble hydrotalcite, are a type of materials with cationic layers and exchangeable interlayer anions. They have drawn lots of curiosity as a high‐temperature CO2 adsorbent because of its quick desorption/sorption kinetics and renewability. Due to its extensive divalent or trivalent cationic metals, high anion exchange property, memory effect, adjustable behavior, bio‐friendliness, easy to prepare and relatively low cost, the LDHs‐based materials are becoming increasingly popular for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Fabrication and modification are good ways to move forward the advancement of LDHs‐based catalysts, which will help chemistry and materials science make great progress. In this review we discussed structural characteristics and the methods for preparation and modification of LDHs‐based photocatalysts. We also highlighted and discussed the major developments and applications in photocatalytic CO2RR as well as the photocatalytic mechanism. The goal of the present review is to give a broad summary of the various LDHs‐based photocatalysts and the corresponding design strategies, which could motivate more excellent research works to explore this kind of CO2RR photocatalysts to further increase CO2 conversion yield and selectivity.
Particle‐In‐Cell (PIC) Simulations of Electron Focusing Heating Phenomena in Bilateral Ion Extraction Process
Authors: Lu Xiaoyong , Liu Liangwei
Published: January 2025

Particle‐in‐cell simulations of bilateral ion extraction process are carried out for electron focusing heating phenomenon in this work. The mechanisms and characteristics of the negative heating effect are simulated and analyzed. Then influences of several factors on electron heating degree and ion collection ratio are provided numerically. Finally, relations between the negative heating effect and extraction instability phenomenon are discussed and an approach to mitigate the heating effect is given.