bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Competitiveness Factor towards Graduate Competency Level
Authors: Ma'dan Marfunizah , Ismail Muhamad Takiyuddin , Daud Sity
Published: November 2020

Intensity to produce a quality human capital is not sufficient by having basic skills for certain field only. The need to have a competitive attitude to enhance their level of competency is much concern for many employers nowadays. Hence, this study is conducted to identify the competitiveness factors that influence the level of competency among graduates, especially who employed in the service sector in Malaysia. This study used survey methods by distributing questionnaires for data collection. The study used stratified purposive sampling by distributing a questionnaire to 450 graduates from 13 services sectors based on a statistic from the Ministry of Higher Education 2016. The finding from the exploratory factor analysis found that seven competitiveness factors were consisting of 47 items that form the competitiveness attitude among graduates. However, based on multiple linear regression analysis, only five models of competitiveness factors have a significant relationship with graduates’ competency which are job competitiveness, organizational management competitiveness, dominant competitiveness, goal competitiveness and self-improvement competitiveness. In fact, aggressive competitiveness and general competitiveness does not influence graduates’ competency level significantly. Thus, the more competitive attitude of graduates such as emotional control, innovation, and competitiveness to be the best is vital for their future marketability. In addition, it is hoped that their level of competence can be enhanced through the development of competitive factors for the advancement of the country's higher education talent.
Online Distance Learning Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic Among University Students
Authors: Samat Muhammad Faizal , Awang Nur Amalina , Hussin Siti Nor Adawiah , Mat Nawi Farahiyah Akmal
Published: November 2020

World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to be a pandemic on March 12, 2020. In response to that, Malaysia has announced movement control order effective on March 18, 2020, leading to the near-total closures of education center. University closures impact not only students, lecturers, and families, but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences. In response to that, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) has introduced the use of online distance learning and open educational applications and platforms that lecturers can use to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education. Even though UiTM has already adopted the integrated face-to-face and online learning approach in the classroom since many years ago, however, the commencement of solely using online learning platform, in the absence of face-to-face meetings is challenging. In addition, it is also crucial to note that the previous study on the determinants of the intention and effective use of online distance learning is scarce. Thus, this study seeks to identify the significant relationship between the intention and the effective use of an ODL among the students. Findings from this study reveals that four out of five determinants (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition and intrinsic value) found to be significantly relationship with the behavioral intention of the students to use online distance learning. Behavioral intention also was found to be significant with use behavior. Although the intrinsic values (new determinants) has contributed to the theory, it is recommended that the same study will be carry out to the entire of education center, either public or private.

 

Keywords: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Condition, Intrinsic Value, Behavior
VERIFIKACIJA MODULACIONIH STRATEGIJA MAŠINA SA OTVORENIM KRAJEVIMA NAMOTAJA PRIMENOM FPGA I HIL UREĐAJA
Authors: Ivanović Aleksandar
Published: November 2020

U radu su prezentovani rezultati verifikacije raspregnutih modulacionih strategija za upravljanje dva invertora koji ostvaruju dva nivoa izlaznog napona i napajaju mašinu sa otvorenim krajevima namotaja. Prvo je data teorijska analiza i način implementacije predloženih modulacionih strategija. Zatim je vršena eksperimentalna verifikacija prezentovanih modulacionih strategija. Eksperimentalna verifikacija je vršena pomoću FPGA i HIL uređaja.
Cultural Foundations and Interventions in Latino/a Mental Health: History, Theory, and Within-Group Differences. Hector Y. Adames, & Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas. (2016). Routledge.
Authors: Balderrama Sandra
Published: November 2020

N/A
Continuously Adaptive Mean-shift Tracking Algorithm Based on Improved Gaussian Model
Authors:   School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China, Sun Jinping , Ding Enjie , Li Dan , Zhang Kailiang , Wang Ximin
Published: November 2020

In complex scenes with light changes, deformations, and occlusions, target tracking easily contains a large amount of background color information when building a target color model. Thus, the tracking effect is reduced. To improve the accuracy of the traditional continuously adaptive mean-shift algorithm (CAMShift) in complex scenarios, a target tracking algorithm based on an improved Gaussian mixture model was proposed. Using the Gaussian mixture model, the tracking image was divided into the foreground and background superposition. The histograms of the hue component were respectively established in the foreground and background of the target area. By suppressing the same hue as the background color in the tracking image, the target color model was established. The target position was iteratively obtained by implementing the CAMShift algorithm using the enhanced target color model. The Bhattacharyya distance between the candidate target and the target template was used as basis for updating the target model. Simulation analysis under benchmark data sets and actual monitoring scenarios verified the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Results show that the distance precision and overlap success rate of the proposed algorithm are 0.88 and 0.625, respectively. The proposed algorithm effectively solves long-term target tracking problems with complex scenes, such as occlusion, background clutters, and illumination variation. This study eliminates the problem of target recognition caused by environmental changes and provides references for real-time monitoring of abnormal traffic conditions.
IT Governance Knowledge: From Repositories to Artificial Intelligence Solutions
Authors:   Mathematics and Computer Sciences Department, Higher National School of Electricity and Mechanics, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, Chergui Meriyem , Chakir Aziza
Published: November 2020

Engineering sciences are nowadays interested in companies’ knowledge, either individual or collective one, in order to implement processing and management systems allowing better decisions as well as replacing humans with intelligent agents for technical and business reasons. Knowledge management (KM) is an important pillar to achieve organization best performance by deploying technics and know-how of brilliant and competent profile. It crosses several components namely: strategy processes, information systems and decision systems. IT Governance is the knowledge allowing the strategic alignment of IT with business so that the maximum value of the company is achieved by the development and effective control of information, responsibility, performance and risk management. This knowledge is mainly capitalized in good practice guidelines written by experts in the field. They make them available to companies and auditors for certification or performance improvement. However, the use of this knowledge in the right way is both expensive and complicated. This article addresses the issues related to the design and implementation of an intelligent knowledge management system for IT governance within the company normative and technical expectations.
Simulation and Experimental Study of the Rock Breaking Mechanism of Personalized Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits
Authors:   School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China, Jinping Yu , Deyong Zou , Yuanxiu Sun , Yin Zhang
Published: November 2020

Rock breaking is a complex physical process that can be influenced by various factors, such as geometrical shape and cutting angle of rock breaking tools. Experimental study of the rock breaking mechanism of personalized bits is restricted due to long cycle and high cost. This study simulated the rock breaking mechanism of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit by combining finite element method and experiment. The simulation was performed to shorten the period and reduce the cost of studying the rock breaking mechanism of PDC bits. A rock breaking finite element model for sting cutters of personalized PDC bit was established to simulate the rock breaking process. The crack propagation pattern, dynamic stress of rock breaking, and rock breaking mechanism of sting cutters of personalized PDC bit were analyzed. The correctness of the simulation results was verified through experiments. Results demonstrate that the rock breaking load increases with the crack propagation in the fracture initiation and propagation stages, with the maximum tangential force of 1062.5 N and maximum axial force of 1850.0 N. The load changes in a small range when the crack penetrates the rock, with the tangential force of 125.0–500.0 N and axial force of 375.0–875.0 N. The rock breaking mechanism of the sting cutters of bit is consistent with maximum tensile stress theory. The rock begins to break when the tensile stress of rock is 36.9 MPa. The sting cutters of personalized PDC bit have better wear resistance than the sting cutters of conventional bit. The average wear rates of personalized PDC and conventional bits are 1.74E-4 and 2.1E-4 mm/m, respectively. This study serves as reference for shortening the study period of rock breaking mechanism, efficiently designing personalized PDC bit structure, reducing bit wear, and enhancing rock breaking efficiency.
Scenario Analysis of Emergency in Civil Aviation Airports Based on the Pressure- State-Response Model and Bayesian Network
Authors:   School of Civil Aviation, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China, Meng Bin , Lu Na , Guo Xinyao , Si Qingmin , Bai Owen
Published: November 2020

The emergency response capability of civil aviation airports is the core to ensure the efficient handling of civil aviation emergencies. The dynamic characterization of the multi-scenario evolution paths of emergencies in civil aviation airports and quantitative targeted evaluation have become the study foci urgently needed to be solved by the current academic circles and airport departments for emergency management. To clarify the emergency mechanism, evolution mechanism, and multi-scenario evolution paths, this study first constructed the pressure-state-response (PSR) network expression of emergency scenario evolution in civil aviation airports. Then, the evolution path of airport emergency scenarios and the probability of different evolution scenarios were evaluated on the basis of the PSR model and Bayesian network (BN). Lastly, the specific process of the analysis method for emergency scenarios based on PSR and BN was demonstrated in consideration of emergency rescue drills in civil aviation airports as example. Results show that different emergency response measures are adopted for the critical scenarios of emergencies, and the development and evolution paths of emergency scenarios completely differ. The PSR-BN model for emergency scenario analysis can realize the reasoning process of combining the qualitative and quantitative scenarios of the dynamic evolution of civil aviation emergencies. It can comprehensively and systematically analyse the evolution of emergency scenarios in civil aviation airports, prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the analysis method, and effectively compensate for the shortcomings in the static analysis of emergency events. The model provides reference for the emergency analysis of civil aviation airports.
Adaptive Multiscale Block Compressed Sensing of Images based on Gray Level Co- Occurrence Matrix
Authors:   College of Information Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China, Li Jinfeng , Guo Jinnan , Cao Shun , Zhao Yutong
Published: November 2020

In conventional block compressed sensing (BCS), the images are divided into small fixed-size blocks sampled at the same sub-rate. The sparsities and high-frequency components of the images are ignored, and the reconstruction qualities of the complex texture images are poor. An adaptive multiscale variant of the block compressed sensing was proposed to reconstruct the texture details of the images. The texture features of the images were obtained from the high-frequency components by the three-level wavelet transform and analyzed on the basis of the gray level co-occurrence matrix. A mathematical model was established to adjust the block sizes of the images automatically and allocate the limited sampling resource adaptively. The smoothed projected Landweber (SPL) was utilized to reconstruct the images. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm was verified by the simulation experiments. Results demonstrate that the texture details of the reconstructed images are abundant. The image edges are also clear, and the blocking artifacts are effectively eliminated. The reconstruction qualities of images, especially the partial images, are considerably improved at different sub-sampling rates. The proposed algorithm achieves a 2.42–3.3 dB gain in reconstruction PSNR for the Barbara image over the original BCS-SPL at a sub-sampling rate of 0.3. No remarkable differences are noted between the reconstructed and original texture blocks in visual sensation. The proposed algorithm provides evidence for the compression and reconstruction of the images with complex texture details.
Comparison of percutaneous ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mastrolonardo Eric , Jia Jemianne Bautista , Eng Bryce , Sakioka Jennifer , Lam Cuong , Der Dennis
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) following percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Material and Methods:

This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent PEI or RFA between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2009, for HCC were included in this study. Patient data were collected from the time of their procedure to October 31, 2017. One hundred and twenty-five patients received RFA or PEI during the study period. Twenty-one patients were excluded from the study because they received RFA or PEI for non-HCC cancers, leaving 47 patients in the PEI group and 57 patients in the RFA group. Primary endpoints were OS and DFS following PEI or RFA. Secondary endpoints included rates of secondary intervention and liver transplant. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS Enterprise Guide 7.13 (Cary, NC).

Results:

One-hundred and four patients are included in this study: 47 in the PEI group and 57 in the RFA group. At 9-year follow-up, the OS rates were not statistically significant between the RFA and PEI groups, 23.9% and 22.8%, respectively (P = 0.25). However, at earlier time points, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with higher rates of OS in the RFA group (Wilcoxon, P = 0.04). Patients in the RFA group had OS rates of 56.1%, 43.9%, and 35.1% at 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively, compared to the PEI rates of 36.4%, 27.3%, and 25.1% at those same time points (P = 0.0035). The RFA group had 29% decreased risk of death at 5 years compared to PEI based on the Cox proportional hazards model. The DFS was not significantly different between the two groups at all-time points (P = 0.96). The PEI group showed DFS rates of 32.4% at 3 years and 29.5% at 5, 7, and 9 years. The RFA group demonstrated DFS rates of 32.2% at 3 years, 26.3% at 5 years, 23.4% at 7 years, and 19.5% at 9 years.

Conclusion:

RFA and PEI have comparable 9-year OS and DFS in patients with HCC. However, at earlier time points, RFA has superior OS.
THE NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT PLAN IN BULGARIA - ANALYSIS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHANGE
Authors:   Georgi Rakovski Military Academy (Sofia, Bulgaria), Terziev Venelin Krastev , Ivanov Ivan Stefanov ,   Kaneff University Hospital (Rousse, Bulgaria)
Published: November 2020

This paper is the part of an extensive study which analyzes and examines the processes on the Bulgarian market that unfold in the emergency situation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemics. The focus is on the state of the labour market before the pandemic crisis and the subsequent changes in the current national employment plan in view of the challenges of the situation caused by COVID-19. It proposes measures and supports actions for restructuring the financial resource for adaptation of the plan to the new challenge to the labour market in Bulgaria.
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN THE CONDITION OF THE CORONA-CRISIS
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Pasulka Karina , Kushnir Nataliya ,   Uzhhorod National University
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The situation in the global economy and business during the COVID-19 pandemic is analyzed in this article. More than 30 million people worldwide have already been infected with the coronavirus, which came from China. However, the spread of the disease has also had an extremely serious impact on the economies of various countries in the world. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has already said that it will take many years for the world to recover from the pandemic. EU GDP in the second quarter of 2020 showed a record decline - 14.4% year on year. The German economy returned to the level of 2011, the Spanish - in 2002, and the Italian economy was rejected in the early 1990s. These and other characteristics show the importance of research on this topic and problem, because it does not apply to a particular region or a particular country, but the whole world.
SOCIAL GUARANTEES AS AN ELEMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE SOCIAL STATE
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kushnirenko Oleksandr
Published: November 2020

The article examines current problems related to the consolidation of the status of Ukraine as a social state at the constitutional level. The model of the social state is currently not legally fixed, and the possibility of its definition and construction cause some discontent. The social situation brings to the fore the tasks of overcoming the crisis, rather than creating high standards of protection for people that are typical of social States. Attention is drawn to the need to unify the approach to understanding the term "guarantees of human and civil rights and freedoms", since this state of Affairs negatively affects the creation by the state of a powerful legal mechanism for implementing social guarantees that Ukraine has assumed. It is noted that social standards and guarantees are extremely important for the implementation of state policies to ensure that people are provided with material goods and services, as well as appropriate financial resources. It is argued that a system of legal guarantees, both national and international, is essential for the realization of the human right to social protection. It is clear that the absence of an integrated system of state social standards in Ukraine carries significant risks. The author points out some problems that affect the social security of citizens and the reduction of their social security, as well as the need to create an effective system of social guarantees in a short time. It is emphasized that there are serious problems in the use of state budget funds, which, as a rule, 1 provide social guarantees, the need to attract non-budgetary (non-government) funds.
THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE CONCEPT OF «INFORMATION SECURITY»
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Malashko Oleksandr , Kovaliv Myroslav ,   Lviv State University of Internal Affairs
Published: November 2020

The article reveals scientific views on the theoretical construction of the concept of «information security». The components of the concept of «information security» in the context of current and previous legislation «information», «security», «national security» are analyzed. It is noted that the category "information" has the ability to be filled with different content depending on the scope. The concept of «security» is revealed as the impossibility of harming anyone or anything due to the manifestation of threats, that is, protection from threats. The concept of «national security» is considered in the context of the Law of Ukraine «On National Security of Ukraine» and the National Security Strategy of Ukraine. It is stated that information security is a component of an independent private national security, has its own structure and is an open dynamic system. The object of information security is information, information resources and information infrastructure. Ensuring information security is considered in the broad and narrow sense of the word: information security in modern society and information security in cyberspace (virtual social reality). It is concluded that the importance of the study of the theoretical category «information security» is determined by several reasons: first, the analysis allows a deeper study of the nature and purpose of this category in the system of legal regulation; secondly, to realize the value of complex (systemic) regulation of public relations in a certain sphere (information, information resources, information infrastructure); thirdly, to solve the problems arising in the process of legal regulation of one or another type of public information relations, as an important criterion of effectiveness is the degree of achievement in practice of the normatively established goal.
ON THE ISSUE OF PROTECTION OF PUBLIC MORALITY: REALITIES OF MODERN LEGISLATION
Authors:   «KROK» University, Horielova Veronika
Published: November 2020

The article examines the issue of protection of public morality of modern Ukrainian legislation and the direction of resolving this issue in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. The urgency of the issue of moral protection is undeniable, because any offence, crime or action that harms others is an immoral phenomenon. The protection of morality, therefore, aims to prevent illegal human activities and criminal acts in the future. The decisions of the European Court of Human Rights are aimed at achieving this goal, which is dictated by humanistic tendencies and social and legal progress. However, the protection of public morality under current Ukrainian legislation does not fully meet this goal of the European Community. The relevant law of Ukraine "On Protection of Public Morality" specifies only some legal bases of protection of society from the distribution of products that may adversely affect public morality, leaving all other issues of morality aside. This leads to such negative consequences as disrespect for the elderly, careless attitude to family responsibilities, degradation of personality, etc., because it is morality that originally exists in society, defining the essence of human nature, which exists in contrast to the animal world. The article analyzes the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and finds that the issue of legal protection of public and personal morality can be divided into two areas: protection of personal morality in the moral interests of society and protection of morality recognized in society and currently valid. . An analysis of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights has given grounds to assert that the European Community searches for justice by combining the interests of society and the needs of the individual. The Court recognizes moral and fair interference in a person's private life if such interference: meets an urgent need and a social need; meets the condition of "the need for such intervention in a democratic society"; is proportional to the legitimate aim; directly provided by law within the meaning of Art. 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The following are recognized by the European Court of Human Rights as illegal and immoral: systematic storage and use by public authorities of information about a person's private life; use of information relating to a person's distant past.
MAIN (AUTHORIZED) AND BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF NON- ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPANIES: CONCEPT AND THEIR CORRELATION
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Katsiuba Karina , Koniukhova Mariia ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Melnyk Maksym ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: November 2020

The modern world is impossible to imagine without the existence of legal entities, as it is a very convenient way to do business. This is due to the fact that such a legal entity carries out activities on its own behalf and is responsible for its own, separate property. The need to study non-profit associations is related to the possibility of their participation in this relationship. Such legal entities have a special legal personality and, in addition to their main statutory activities, may engage in entrepreneurial activities that do not contradict the purpose of their creation, only to ensure their existence. In modern conditions, this fact is important because it provides an opportunity to create a material basis for the main statutory activities of non-profit companies, for more intensive and fruitful implementation of their statutory goals. The need to provide non-profit organizations with the right of a legal entity is justified in different ways: the need for economic activity, material support, participation in trade relations. Thus, it can be unanimously agreed that non-entrepreneurial companies can carry out business activities only to ensure their existence and meet certain altruistic needs of an indefinite circle of persons, or a certain, but only if it is directly permitted by law. The authors considered the peculiarities of business activities by non-entrepreneurial societies to ensure their existence and implementation of the main (statutory) activities, in particular on the example of religious organizations, condominiums. This article concludes that it is necessary to provide for a ban on the distribution of profits from business activities for such companies in special legislation governing their activities.
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE FIELD OF BANKING
Authors:   Scientific Institute of Public Law, Drachevska Olha
Published: November 2020

The article focuses on such concepts as administrative liability and administrative liability for violations of legislation on banks and banking activities. A comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature allows us to conclude that scientists currently do not have a single approach to the interpretation of administrative liability in general and in the field of banking in particular. Based on the analysis of the composition of administrative offenses in this area and the role of administrative liability in the studied social relations, the author's definition of administrative liability in the field of banking is proposed. The characteristic features of administrative responsibility in the field of banking are considered, in which its peculiarity in the researched sphere is expressed. Attention is also paid to the analysis of administrative offenses in the field of banking. The list of subjects authorized to impose administrative penalties for relevant offenses has been determined. Emphasis is placed on the existence of contradictions between the articles of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses and banking legislation and regulations of the National Bank of Ukraine on the subject of the offense in the field of banking. It is noted that for committing an offense in the field of banking provides for the application of fines, cases of which are considered, the National Bank of Ukraine may not impose a fine. It is established that the existence of exceptions to the application of fines should be balanced by their size, which should take into account economic realities and risks. This can be done by enshrining a rule for calculating their size due to the non-taxable minimum income of citizens, set at the level of social tax benefits.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF QUALIFICATION IMPROVEMENT OF CIVIL SERVANTS
Authors:   Law College of Ivan Franco Lviv National University, Bryyovska Iryna , Kozachok-Trush Nina ,   Kherson Faculty of Odessa State University of Internal Affairs
Published: November 2020

The article considers the organizational and legal principles of advanced training of civil servants (PKDS). The classification of normative-legal documents regulating the issues of PKDS is covered. It is determined that advanced training is one of the forms of additional professional training. The essence of the concept of advanced training of civil servants is revealed (the process of updating knowledge and improving the skills of civil servants in order to master new ways of solving professional problems). It was found that the main organizational mechanism for managing the system of additional professional training of public services is the mechanism of state procurement for PKDS. Peculiarities of PKDS organization in educational institutions of higher professional or additional education are highlighted. Types of programs and terms of advanced training are considered. It is noted that professional development according to professional programs helps civil servants to improve and update professional knowledge, acquire skills. A list of competencies inherent in civil servants of Ukraine as a result of appropriate professional training has been formed. Developed on the basis of a systematic approach, the organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring PKDS, which includes the following components: legal documents governing the training of civil servants; elements of the advanced training system; purpose, tasks, principles and functions of professional development; external and internal factors affecting the PKDS system. Measures are proposed to improve the organizational and legal framework of the PKDS system (establishing legal consequences for civil servants who have improved their skills; creating an effective system of incentives for additional professional education that combines personal, collective and public interests; adoption of regulations that provide direct connection of advanced training of the civil servant after training with his official promotion, official status, establishment of allowances to salaries after confirmation (in particular, by the attestation commission) of his new, higher qualification).
Musikalische Schaffensprozesse 2.0 – Inkorporation audiovisueller Medien der populären Musik in Methoden der digitalen Edition
Authors: Acquavella-Rauch Stefanie
Published: November 2020

The project “Creational Processes in Music 2.0 – Incorporating audiovisual media of popular music into methods of digital editions” aims to document, evaluate and thus investigate dimensions of musical creation processes that have not previously been ascertainable. It focuses on group related creativity, using qualitative research and ethnographical methods in order to investigate the self-perception of group members on the one hand, while on the other hand the creative process was documented and analyzed directly (module 2). The Melodic Hardcore Band Close to the Distance thankfully agreed to be interviewed in module 1 and to take part in a passive participant observation in module 2. In a third project module, current tools of digital musical editions were explored regarding their possibilities of incorporating audiovisual sources in order to gain a deeper insight into the ethnographically collected material.
(Musik)instrument (im) Computer
Authors: Akkermann Miriam
Published: November 2020

The use of the computer as a sound generator is omnipresent in current music production and ranges from music notation programs playing back samples via MIDI control to specially programmed sound synthesis programs. The term ‚computer‘ is generally understood as a complete set of hardware and software. But a closer look at this complete set is definitely worthwhile and poses some systematical challenges. In the early days of digital sound synthesis in real time, the hardware is strongly connected to the resulting sound. The control was done by means of a programming language or a specially designed software, which offered more or less possibilities of intervention, depending on the stage of development. But do these sound generators actually fulfill the definition of a musical instrument – and what exactly is that definition? What about the so-called software instruments, which, partly hardware-independent, allow users to play music? How can and should interfaces be classified seeing that hardware extensions developed specifically for musical use, but still need (special) software and other technical equipment for sound generation and, above all, output? And who actually decides on the sound and handling of the new instrument, since the integration of computers into musical works usually takes place in close cooperation between composers, musicians, engineers and programmers? In order to be able to discuss these questions, not only new methodological approaches but also cooperation between the disciplines is unavoidable and at the same time rewarding.
Musikgeschichte der DDR: Ein Pilotprojekt zur digitalen Musikvermittlung
Authors: Tischer Matthias
Published: November 2020

Thirty years after the so-called ‚Wende‘, a fundamental and comprehensive study of the musical history of the GDR - encompassing both the music itself and the political and cultural contexts (i.e. the musical relations) - still represents a desideratum. The same is true for a long-term comparative music history of the divided Germany, for which the our project develops some essential prerequisites. The research project presented here is an informed cultural-historical analysis of the musical discourse of the GDR under the auspices of the Cold War. It is not about a revised version of national history only, because despite a relatively strong national and regional self-centredness of the musical life of the GDR, it can hardly be understood without the political and cultural references to the Soviet Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the neighbouring European states.
Ansätze zur Analyse historischer Netzwerke mit Neo4j® – Aus der Projekt-Werkstatt der Datenbank zur Fachgeschichte der Musikwissenschaft
Authors: van Dyck-Hemming Annette , Eberhardt Jan , Wald-Fuhrmann Melanie
Published: November 2020

The dichotomy Carl Dahlhaus-Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht appears to be legendary for West German musicology. It has been quite common to assume that since the 1960s and even after Dahlhaus’ death in 1989, musicologists have been very strongly oriented towards these two persons, but actually only either Dahlhaus or Eggebrecht. But can such a legend be verified in information technology? How, if necessary, can one grasp and make understandable academic networks? We have searched the entire MGG-Online for references to the names of Dahlhaus and Eggebrecht, we looked at Festschriften dedicated to Dahlhaus or Eggebrecht with regard to the persons who are marked in the texts/books as important for the two professors (also ‘pupils’, assistants, students etc.). All professional cooperations manifested through publications were also considered, including persons whose texts were edited by Dahlhaus or Eggebrecht. These data were converted into the format of a graph database and visualized. The resulting graph shows a polarized network but a small group with connections to both lead figures, too. Eggebrecht’s network reveals a remarkable gap regarding connections to members of his own generation. Dahlhaus’ personal network seems to be significantly bigger but less intense regarding the relation quality. The findings exemplify the possibilities and limitations of the evaluation of historical data by graph database technologies.
Der Computer als Denkzeug für hermeneutische Arbeit
Authors: Keil Reinhard
Published: November 2020

Computer science and the humanities seem to belong to two opposite sides within the spectrum of scientific methods and research. In the domain of digital humanities, however, formalization and hermeneutic interpretation have to be integrated. As will be argued in this article, this integration provides a fundamentally new challenge to both disciplines. In particular, researchers from the humanities want to be sure that using the tools provided by computer science (big data, machine learning, etc.) do not change insights in any non-expected way. However, even if this could be partially secured, it cannot be achieved in general for most of the research practices. As will be demonstrated in the context of digital editions in musicology, it is impossible to design technology in a neutral or context-free manner. Due to the interests of different actors and institutions, numerous design conflicts arise where the implementation of requirements violates other, equally valid demands. To balance these conflicting requirements invariably brings some bias to the overall design. Thus, it is important to develop a strategy for identifying potential influences as well as the impact of design decisions throughout the whole process of developing tools and infrastructures. The paper presents an approach for hypotheses driven design of digital tools and infrastructures from a computer science point of view, placing great emphasis on supporting mutual understanding and ensuring a transparent design process.
Philologie und Digitalität. Perspektiven für die Musikwissenschaft im Kontext fächerübergreifender Institutionen
Authors: Konrad Ulrich
Published: November 2020

Currently, the qualitative spectrum of methods in the philological sciences is being substantially expanded, with far-reaching implications, through the integration of the empirical, quantitative, and evaluative possibilities of the Digital Humanities. The example of the planning and establishment of „Kallimachos,“ the Center for Philology and Digitality (ZPD) at the University of Würzburg, demonstrates how a research center in the field of interplay between the humanities and cultural studies, digital humanities, and computer science can bring about a surge of change by providing in-depth insights into each other‘s subjects and ways of thinking. It not only brings with it a new view of the epistemological interests of philology, its questions, its canon, and its key concepts, but also makes computer science aware of the ‚recalcitrance‘ of humanities subjects and thus confronts it with new tasks. The ZPD is the result of a systematic reflection on the digital transformation of philology, with its traditional focus on editing and analyzing, in order to advance this development both in terms of content and methodology. For example, the formation of linguistic conventions in speaking and writing about music in 19th-century composers‘ texts and in music journals would be an ideal subject for the application of digital methods of analysis and the development of new research questions based on them. Research networks that jointly develop and rethink methods on the level of data structures across disciplines are likely to be a proven means of preserving our own discipline in the future, even if this may occasionally be a relationship borne more by reason than by love.
Infrastruktureinrichtungen in Forschungsprojekten – Spagat oder Chance?
Authors: Oevel Gudrun
Published: November 2020

Research projects and infrastructure facilities at universities today face special challenges: on the one hand, an orientation towards supra-regional standard services is required. On the other hand, many projects require research-related services that allow for constructive, adapted and rapid assistance. The initiatives for a National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) or National High Performance Computing (NHR) promise solutions to this balancing act, but strong support structures and low-threshold services at the respective universities remain necessary. A change in peoples’ minds is also central to this process: new professional fields with a corresponding culture of recognition and incentive structures, the willingness to react flexibly and agilely to requirements, and the establishment of an enabling culture in which researchers and infrastructure facilities meet at eye level are prerequisites for actively shaping the change towards optimal research support.
Komponisten-Gesamtausgaben im digitalen Zeitalter: Perspektiven und Reflexionen am Beispiel Ludwig van Beethovens
Authors: Siegert Christine
Published: November 2020

In the field of edition philology a diverse range of digital approaches is being put to the test. Taking Ludwig van Beethoven as a basis, this article demonstrates the limits of printed editions and presents preliminary considerations for a genuinely digital edition of his works. Various versions of the Ninth Symphony, the publisher Sigmund Anton Steiner’s publication concept for the Seventh and Eighth Symphonies and Wellingtons Sieg, which incorporated arrangements for highly diverse scorings, as well as the use of single numbers from the opera Fidelio in other music theatre works of the time, all serve as examples. The significance of metatexts and connections in terms of materiality are also discussed. Conceptional principles of such a Digital Beethoven Edition would include an inclusive approach allowing for multiple perspectives, which greatly expands both the number of sources on which an edition is based and the potential for insight, in contrast with traditional editions.
Leopold Mozarts „Gründliche Violinschule“. Zur Textcodierung und -präsentation einer digitalen Edition
Authors: Amminger Agnes , Kelnreiter Franz
Published: November 2020

Leopold Mozart‘s Violin Tutor (Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule [= “Essay on a well-founded instruction for the violin”], Augsburg 1756) is one of the most important sources concerning the aesthetics of violin playing in the 18th century. A critical digital edition, prepared within the Digital Mozart Edition (DME) at the International Mozarteum Foundation (Salzburg), has been freely accessible online since 14 November 2019; see . At present, the digital edition includes the first edition of 1756 only; further early releases (1769, 1787) and translations will follow. The editorial concept encompasses features like interactive searchability, synopses of various edited texts and the integration of facsimiles. The article describes how the encoding of the source material accomplishes these objectives and how the digital edition is presented online. The pathway from the textual sources to the online presentation is discussed considering the relations of the sources with each other, their intratextual structure as well as their data types and formats.
Approach Towards Drugs Repurposing: Docking Studies with Multiple Target Proteins Associated with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Rana Shiwani , Panwar Meghali , Ghosh Kalyan Sundar
Published: November 2020

The current pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 due to viral infections by SARS-CoV-2 is now become associated with severe commotion on global healthcare and economy. In this extreme situation when vaccine or drugs against COVID-19 are not available, the only quick and feasible therapeutic alternative would be the drug repurposing approach. In the present work, in silico screening of some antiviral and antiprotozoal drugs using Autodock docking tool was performed. Two known antiviral drugs sorivudine and noricumazole B are predicted to bind to the active site of the viral proteases namely cysteine like protease or 3CL protease (3CLpro) and papain like protease (PLpro) respectively with a highly favorable free energy of binding. Further, the promising molecules were subjected for checking their activity on other molecular targets like spike protein S1, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. But the compounds were found not effective on rest other molecular targets.
Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review
Authors: Changmai Bishwajit , Chhangte Vanlalveni , Bhagat Rahul , Ingle Avinash P. , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala
Published: November 2020

An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, carbon-neutral; hence eco-friendly. Despite homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, currently, much attention has been paid to chemically synthesize heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement, easily recovered, thus enhance reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Further, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlighted the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts derived from different chemicals as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details.
Binding of Inhibitors to the Monomeric and Dimeric SARS-CoV-2 Mpro
Authors: Tam Nguyen Minh , Nam Pham Cam , Quang Duong Tuan , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Vu Van , Ngo Son Tung
Published: November 2020

SARS-CoV-2 rapidly infects millions of people worldwide since December 2019. There is still no effective treatment for the virus, resulting in the death of more than one million of patients. Inhibiting the activity of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), 3C-like protease (3CLP), is able to block the viral replication and proliferation. In this context, our study has revealed that in silico screening for inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro can be reliably done using the monomeric structure of the Mpro instead of the dimeric one. Docking and fast pulling of ligand (FPL) simulations for both monomeric and dimeric forms correlate well with the corresponding experimental binding affinity data of 30 compounds. The obtained results were also confirmed via binding pose and noncovalent contact analyses. Our study results show that it is possible to speed up computer-aided drug design for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro by focusing on the monomeric form instead of the larger dimeric one.