bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workshop and package education intervention to knowledge, attitude and practice of ICU nurses on the use of physical restraints
Authors: Khajeh Mohammad , Bazghaleh Milad , Tabarraie Yaser , Mohammadpourhodki Reza , Koushan Mohsen
Published: January 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the two training methods: educational workshop and electronic package on the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs).

Materials and Methods

In this experimental study, 64 nurses working in ICU at Imam Hossein and Bahar Hospitals in 2017 in Shahroud were randomly selected into two groups of training: workshops and educational package. At first, knowledge, attitude and performance of the two groups were measured and then 2 weeks after the post-test training. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact, Wilcoxon, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney test with a significance level ≤0.05.

Results

A significant difference was found between knowledge score in the workshop (10.40 ± 1.41) and educational package (11.25 ± 0.95) (p=0.007). However, No significant difference was found between the nurses attitude in the workshop group (28.59 ± 2.74) and the trained by educational package (28.25 ± 2.85) (p=0.617). Also, no significant difference was found between the mean practice scores in two groups (p=0/143).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated that the educational package was more effective than the workshop on improving the level of knowledge of nurses about physical restriction, but both methods increased the attitude and practice of nurses.
Meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance characteristics of three commercial and one in-house nucleic acid amplification tests for malaria screening
Authors: Altangerel Enkhtsetseg , Frickmann Hagen
Published: January 2020

Background

A meta-analysis of previously performed evaluation studies of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) approaches for the screening for and differentiation of Plasmodium spp. using identical samples was performed to comparatively assess their suitability for the routine diagnostic setting.

Methods

Three commercial NATs for malaria (one loop-mediated isothermal amplification [LAMP] assay, two real-time polymerase chain reactions [PCRs]) and one in-house real-time PCR were comparatively assessed with a collection of 1020 well-characterized ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood samples from patients with suspected or confirmed malaria.

Results

Altogether 765 (75%) concordantly negative and 223 (21.9%) concordantly positive results of the four molecular tests were obtained, while discordant results were seen in 32 (3.1%) instances. For genus-specific assays, the observed sensitivity and specificity ranges were 96.4%–98.4% and 99.6%–99.9%, and for species-specific assays, 94.0%–97.6% and 99.6%–100%, respectively. Falsely negative molecular test results comprised microscopically negative samples, samples at the microscopic detection threshold and quantitatively less abundant species in mixed infections.

Conclusions

Excellent test characteristics of all assessed assays with only minor differences encourage molecular malaria screening with genus- and species-specific NAT with discrepancies only within the borderline range of their detection thresholds.
Tunneling-induced broadband and tunable optical emission from plasmonic nanorod metamaterials
Authors: Krasavin Alexey V. , Wang Pan , Nasir Mazhar E. , Jiang Yunlu , Zayats Anatoly V.
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a metamaterial platform for electrically driven broadband light emission induced by electron tunneling. Both the Fabry-Perot and waveguided modes of the metamaterial slab as well the plasmonic mode of the tunneling gap are identified as contributing to shaping the emission spectrum. This opens up an opportunity to design the spectrum and polarization of the emitted light by tuning the metamaterial modes via the geometric parameters of the nanostructure throughout the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. The efficient coupling of the tunneling-induced emission to the waveguided modes is beneficial for the development of integrated incoherent light sources, while the outcoupled emission provides a source of free-space radiation. The demonstrated incoherent nanoscale light sources may find applications in the development of integrated opto-electronic circuits, optical sensing platforms, imaging, and metrology.
The spectrum of two interesting stochastic matrices
Authors: Anghel N.
Published: January 2020

The spectrum of two interesting stochastic matrices appearing in an engineering paper is completely determined. As a result, an inequality conjectured in that paper, involving two second largest eigenvalues, is easily proved.
Elevated TRPV4 Levels Contribute to Endothelial Damage and Scarring in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Lim Chang Su , Choi Hyemin , Joshi Hari Prasad , Kim Kyoung-Tae , Kim Yong Ho , Park Chul-Kyu , Kim Hwan Myung , Han In-Bo
Published: January 2020

Currently, the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4), a nonselective cation channel in the pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI), is not recognized. Herein, we report the expression and contribution of TRPV4 in the pathology of scarring and endothelial and secondary damage after SCI. TRPV4 expression increased during the inflammatory phase in female rats after SCI and was expressed primarily by cells at endothelial-microglial junctions. Two-photon microscopy of intracellular-free Ca2+levels revealed a biphasic increase at similar time points after SCI. Expression of TRPV4 at the injury epicenter, but not intracellular-free Ca2+, progressively increases with the severity of the injury. Activation of TRPV4 with specific agonist altered the organization of endothelial cells, affected tight junctions in the hCMEC/D3 BBB cell linein vitro, and increases the scarring in rat spinal cord as well as induced endothelial damage. By contrast, suppression of TRPV4 with a specific antagonist or in femaleTrpv4KO mouse attenuated inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, prevented the degradation of tight junction proteins, and preserve blood–spinal cord barrier integrity, thereby attenuate the scarring after SCI. Likewise, secondary damage was reduced, and behavioral outcomes were improved inTrpv4KO mice after SCI. These results suggest that increased TRPV4 expression disrupts endothelial cell organization during the early inflammatory phase of SCI, resulting in tissue damage, vascular destabilization, blood–spinal cord barrier breakdown, and scarring. Thus, TRPV4 inhibition/knockdown represents a promising therapeutic strategy to stabilize/protect endothelial cells, attenuate nociception and secondary damage, and reduce scarring after SCI.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTRPV4, a calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel, is widely expressed in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Spinal cord injury (SCI) majorly caused by trauma/accidents is associated with changes in osmolarity, mechanical injury, and shear stress. After SCI, TRPV4 was increased and were found to be linked with the severity of injury at the epicenter at the time points that were reported to be critical for repair/treatment. Activation of TRPV4 was damaging to endothelial cells that form the blood–spinal cord barrier and thus contributes to scarring (glial and fibrotic). Importantly, inhibition/knockdown of TRPV4 prevented these effects. Thus, the manipulation of TRPV4 signaling might lead to new therapeutic strategies or combinatorial therapies to protect endothelial cells and enhance repair after SCI.
Unha proposta de análise dos projected spaces en La busca de Pío Baroja
Authors: Caamaño Pérez Laura
Published: January 2020

Partindo dos estudos literarios comparados, nomeadamente, da Xeografía Literaria, ofrécese unha proposta de análise dos denominados projected spaces, termo acuñado por Barbara Piatti, en La busca de Pío Baroja. Tendo en conta que se trata dunha novela na que a xeografía urbana da capital madrileña cobra especial relevancia debido á grande cantidade de referencias topográficas que caracterizan o espazo da obra, préstase atención ao estudo dos “espazos proxectados” que aparecen na novela. En primeiro lugar, ofrécese unhas breves consideracións sobre o estado da cuestión das Humanidades espaciais, para logo centrarnos no corpo do artigo: caracterizar o espazo de Madrid do século XIX e identificar e analizar os diferentes espazos proxectados que teñen como desencadeante o diálogo entre os personaxes.
Suministro de drogas a otra persona para anular su voluntad con fines delictivos: ¿mito o realidad?. La llamada sumisión química en Derecho penal: Especial referencia a los delitos sexuales
Authors: Torres  Fernández M. Elena
Published: January 2020

Se propone un análisis jridico del delito de abuso sexual sin consentimiento por sumisión química en el contexto de la regulación de los delitos contra la liberetad sexual en vigor.
Narrativas audiovisuales colectivas como vehículo de resignificación identitaria: implementando el vídeo participativo con jóvenes guatemaltecos/as
Authors: Figàs Segura Marta
Published: January 2020

ResumenLlevado a cabo en el marco de las Prácticas Externas del Máster en Cooperación al Desarrollo de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón, este trabajo de investigación propone probar como cierta la premisa de que el propio acto de autorrepresentación por parte de un grupo de jóvenes guatemaltecos (a través de dispositivos audiovisuales) supone un medio exitoso de creación/re-negociación de significados e identidades (tanto personales como socioculturales) el cual, mediante la narración de sus propias realidades, conduce a un fortalecimiento tanto de su autopercepción como del sentido de pertenencia a su comunidad. Para alcanzar los objetivos marcados, se realizó una revisión teórica que ha permitido presentar el estado de la cuestión en las áreas de conocimiento de Psicología Social y la Antropología Visual, prioritariamente. Enmarcado en el seno de la Investigación–Acción Participativa (IAP), se utilizó la Técnica del Análisis Discursivo aplicándose a dos de los vídeos recogidos mediante la técnica del Vídeo Participativo (enmarcada en el seno de la metodología de la Investigación-Acción Participativa).
Şia Hadis Tarihi Adlı Kitabın Muhteva ve Metot Analizi
Authors: DUMAN Ayşe Nur
Published: January 2020

Türkiye’de çoğunlukla İslâm Mezhepleri Tarihi’ndeki akademik çalışmalarda ele alınan Şîa, son yıllarda Hadis alanında da bazı çalışmalara konu olmaktadır. Şîa’nın hadis ve isnâd anlayışını, ricâl ilmini, metin tenkidini ele alan mevcut literatüre yakın zamanda Yusuf Suiçmez’in Şia Hadis Tarihi -Hz. Muhammed’in Söz ile Fiillerinin Şii İmamlara Nispeti- başlıklı eseri de eklenmiştir. Bir giriş ve üç bölümden oluşan eserin Giriş bölümünde Suiçmez konunun önemi, amacı, metodu, planı, kaynakları ve çalışmanın zorluklarından bahseder. Birinci Bölüm’de müellif konunun kavramsal çerçevesini çizmeye çalışır, ayrıca ref‘, vakf ve kat‘ın tespitindeki metot sorununu ele alır. Yazar İkinci Bölüm’de ref‘, vakf ve kat‘ problemlerinin doğuşu ve gelişimini inceler. Kitabın son bölümü ise Ehl-i sünnet ve Şîa’nın hadis kaynaklarındaki ortak rivayetlerine tahsis edilmiştir.
Yusuf Suiçmez’in mezkûr konuları incelediği Şîa Hadis Tarihi kitabının muhteva ve metoduyla ilgili dikkat çeken ve üzerinde durulması gereken bazı hususlar vardır. Bu çalışmada, eserin muhtevasındaki birtakım eksikliklere işaret edilip yazarın bilhassa Üçüncü Bölüm’de ele aldığı Sünnî ve Şiî hadis eserlerinde yer alan müşterek rivayetleri değerlendirirken uyguladığı metot tartışılacaktır. Ardından Şîa ve hadis konulu çalışmalarda dikkat edilmesi gereken ancak müellif tarafından ihmal edildiği görülen birtakım eksikliklere temas edilecektir.
Introduction to Middle Eastern Law
Authors: YAKAR Emine Enise
Published: January 2020

Few works focus on the roots and structures of the Middle Eastern Law. It is an area that needs more and detailed studies and analysis to show differences and divergences in the legal systems of the Middle Eastern countries. Within this context, Chibili Mallat’s Introduction to Middle Eastern Law is an important and valuable contribution to the area.
Polygamy and Law in Contemporary Saudi Arabia
Authors: YAKAR Sumeyra
Published: January 2020

Maha A. Z. Yamani has written an erudite book titled Polygamy and Law in Contemporary Saudi Arabia that offers the theoretical and practical knowledge of Saudi marriage culture by analyzing the application of polygamy and its main contributing factors. The book consists of seven main chapters and aims to develop a combined framework which includes Islamic law and social practice, the influence of Saudi history and the impact of the political system on current local marriage matters in general and polygamy in particular. The goal of the book is to contextualize the legal marriage contracts in Saudi Arabia by emphasizing the increasing number of contemporary polygamous relationships involving one male and two or more females rather than monogamous and traditional marriage styles. As an inside observer, Yamani takes advantage of being of Saudi origin by showing in-depth integration with local members of both gender for individual examples and commentaries that makes the study valuable and unique amongst the polygamy literature.
Hadis Rivâyet Coğrafyası
Authors: MADEN Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2020

İslâmî ilimlerde tarih yazımına dair son yıllarda artan bir ilgi gözlenmektedir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak nispeten daha az çalışılan bölge ve asırlara yoğunlaşan etütler ön plana çıkarken, mevcut tarihî anlatıyı tahkim ve tashih sadedinde çalışmalar da yapılmaktadır. Bu noktada daha ziyade hicrî asırlar esas alınarak sürdürülen yerleşik hadis tarihi anlatılarının sonuçlarını test etme imkanı veren literatür, şahıs ve coğrafya merkezli çalışmalar artmaktadır. Özellikle erken dönem ilim merkezlerinin (emsâr) belli tarihî kayıtlarıyla incelendiği çalışmalar mezkûr hedefe ulaşmak açısından önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim bu çalışmaların bir örneği Hüseyin Akgün’ün tarihî olarak hicrî ilk 150 seneyle kayıtladığı Hadis Rivâyet Coğrafyası adlı eseridir. Üç bölümden oluşan kitabın girişinde çalışmanın konusu, amacı, önemi, kaynakları ve metodunu açıklayan yazar, Birinci Bölüm’de sahâbe ve tâbiûnun hadis kültürüne ve hadis rivayet coğrafyasının oluşumuna dair bilgiler verir. İkinci Bölüm Medine, Mekke, Kûfe, Basra, Şam, Mısır ve ilgili zaman diliminde ilmî olarak arka planda kalan bazı şehir ve bölgelerdeki hadis kültürünü, rivayetlerin bu şehir/bölgelere intikali ve diğer bölgelerle etkileşimi gibi sorular çerçevesinde inceler. Üçüncü Bölüm ise daha ziyade önceki bölümlerde yer yer temas edilen bölgesellik konusuna dairdir. Çalışma üç ek bölümüyle sonlanmaktadır.
A comparison of hepatitis E and A in a teaching hospital in Northwestern Romania. Acute hepatitis E – a mild disease?
Authors: Istrate Alexandru , Rădulescu Amanda Lelia
Published: January 2020

Background and aims. The incidence of locally acquired hepatitis E has increased in recent years across Europe. There are only few data on hepatitis E in Romania. The purpose of our research was to describe and compare hepatitis E and hepatitis A in adult patients.

Methods. We included all consecutive adult patients with hepatitis E and hepatitis A admitted to the Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania between January 2017 and August 2019.

Results. Hepatitis E incidence increased in 2018-2019 compared to 2017. The average age in hepatitis E (n=48) patients was 50.6 versus 39.1 years in hepatitis A (n=152, not including 262 minors) and two-thirds of the patients in both groups were men. Compared to hepatitis A, patients with hepatitis E presented significantly less modified AST and ALT, bilirubin, prothrombin index and INR levels. We found more comorbidities in hepatitis E patients adjusted for age and gender. Severe forms were found in 5 (3.3%) hepatitis A patients, compared to 12 (25%) of hepatitis E patients, of which 3 died. Ribavirin treatment was considered in 9 patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis E, immunosuppression, cancers or neurological manifestations, showing good results.

Conclusions. We observed an increased number of hepatitis E cases. Although laboratory results were less modified compared to hepatitis A, we found a higher number of severe hepatitis E cases. Ribavirin treatment seems to be beneficial in patients with preexisting conditions.
Political Relationship among Monuments: Monuments as the Subject of political Debate
Authors: Rimaitė Viktorija
Published: January 2020

The aim to identify the types of political relationship among monuments can be defined as the main goal of the article. Regarding the ongoing debate about the politicization of monuments in Lithuania, the article seeks to find out what features and functions of monuments make them the subject of political controversy and political discussion. The analysis starts with theoretical assumptions distinguishing the types of relationship between monuments and politics that dominate the theoretical level. After the review of the theoretical level, the typology of the relationship between politics and monuments in Lithuania is explained highlighting the exceptions of the Lithuanian case by going through the typological analysis of the Lithuanian academic discourse.
Blurring the Definition of Employment Relations in Russia: Case Law on the General Notion and Some Atypical Forms of Labor
Authors: Lyutov Nikita
Published: January 2020

Transformation of Russian labour law in the last decades shows the clear trend to differentiation and fragmentation with constantly growing number of special norms covering specific (atypical) types of employment relationships. At the same time modern labour law reflects only some of recently appearing forms of employment, such as temporary agency work or telework. The paper deals with the definition of labor relations and some atypical forms of employment.
A Preliminary Ruling Instrument in the Constitutional Jurisprudence of Lithuania
Authors: Griciūnas Paulius
Published: January 2020

The judicial dialogue between the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and the European Court of Justice is analyzed in this article. The variety of opinions, arguments, and the evolution of the approaches regarding the right or obligation of the Constitutional Court to refer for a preliminary ruling are researched. Major events in the evolution were two referrals by the Constitutional Court in 2007 and 2017; both of these decisions to refer for the preliminary ruling are compared, and the similarities and differences analyzed. The potential of a preliminary ruling in the constitutional jurisprudence is demonstrated, with an emphasis on the indirect control of the legality of EU acts and the national identity clause.
The 346 Clause of TFEU Regulation in Different EU Member States
Authors: Kuzminskas Vilius
Published: January 2020

The article discloses the fixed exclusion regulation of Clause 346 in the Treaty of Function of the European Union in different EU member states. A further assessment of different relevant judicial approaches to regulation are disclosed and evaluated in accordance with the European Court of Justice case law and procurement in the defense area doctrine.
INFORMAL LABOR RELATIONS WITHIN THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE LATE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
Authors: Kulikov Volodymyr
Published: January 2020

The article presents a study of informal labour relations within the industrial enterprises of the Russian Empire based on materials from the Dnieper-Donets region during the period 1870–1917. The analysis is based on narrative writings created by the entrepreneurs and workers as primary sources, supplemented by analytical data collected by the zemstvo and state commissions.

The article demonstrates that informal labour relations took various forms such as informal employment, manipulation with the workers’ wages, requiring and performing activates which were not listed in the employment contract, and corruption. The combination of mutual benefits and risks for the main stakeholders determined the system of informal labour relations. The omnipresence of these informal practices was due to the ignorance of both the employees and the employers concerning the relevant legislation. Inefficient state control over labour law also contributed to the expansion of informal institutions.

During the last quarter of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, formal practices dislodged some informal variations. It happened due to the modernization of the work ethic on both the workers’ and the industrialists’ side, the strengthening of the regulatory and controlling role of the state, and, most importantly, the organizational changes within the industrial enterprises. The rise of large modern industrial enterprises with a hierarchy of salaried managers demanded a system of new, more formal labour relations between the employers and employees. However, the formalization of labour relations in the industrial enterprises in Russia was not a linear process. Some informal practices proved to be very viable and have survived to-date.
THE PRIVILEGES OF POLISH KING STEPHEN BATHORY FOR LOYEW 1576 AND 1582 YEARS
Authors: Bilous Natalia
Published: January 2020

The article deals with two privileges of the Polish king Stefan Batory for the Polissya town of Loyew (now the district centre of the Gomel region, the Republic of Belarus). In the 16th century, it was a part of the Liubech starostvo of the Kyiv voivodship. The town is known first of all due to military battles that took place in the neighbourhood. One occurred on July 31, 1649, and the other - during the Second World War, while the pages of its history during the Lithuanian-Polish era, such as the granting of self-government under the Magdeburg law, are still little known.Stefan Batory privileges for Loyew can be considered exciting and rare archival finds, and they have not yet been published and introduced into scientific circulation. The first - the Magdeburg Law was granted on August 3, 1576, the second - on the Loyew Vogtship for Fedora Volka appeared as an addition to the first one in six years (November 25, 1582). Unlike most of the privileges of the time, inscribed in the books of the royal the chancellery, these two were not written in Latin or Polish, but in Cyrillic. The documents originate from the Archives of the Sangushki princes, which are now stored in the State Archives of Poland in Krakow (Wawel department).The initiator and recipient of the Magdeburg privileges for Loyew were Pavlo Ivanovych Sapiega, Lubeckij and Loyewsky Starosta from 1560, and the Kyiv Castellan from 1566. He, at his own expense, built the city and the castle Loyew Mountain, that was lying on the Tartar road and defending the Lithuanian border from the Chernihiv side (which at that time belonged to the Moscow state), and was also protecting the state from the Tatar attacks. The privilege of the Loyew Vogts was granted in 1582 to Fedor Volk as the reward for his military service and participation in hostilities.These documents are exceptional since during the reign of Stefan Batory (1576-1586) only a few cities in this region received similar privileges. The significance of royal privileges for Loyew was enormous – it was a necessary legal basis and a significant impetus for its further development. Residents of Loyew received self-government on the principles of Magdeburg Law and many economic privileges and liberties, which favourably distinguished them among other cities in the region.
DE LONDRES COM AMOR: A EVOLUÇÃO DO DOMÍNIO INGLÊS NA ECONOMIA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Nielsen Lawrence James
Published: January 2020

Razão tinha o marquês de Pombal ao se queixar, em 1754, da hegemonia econômica exercida pela Inglaterra: os comerciantes ingleses monopolizavam até o comércio com o Brasil. A mágoa maior do estadista português era ver a decadência de um império que, nos séculos XV e XVI, era mais forte e maior que o império inglês do século XVIII. Diversos são os pontos de vista sobre as causas da situação abordada neste artigo. Pombal a atribui ao Tratado de 1642. Economistas ingleses, portugueses e brasileiros modernos a creditam ao Tratado de Methuen (1703). Um exame do desenvolvimento das relações anglo-portuguesas indica que a hegemonia econômica da Inglaterra sobre Portugal teve um longo período de gestação, iniciado durante e depois da união das coroas ibéricas (1580-1640) e resultando nos tratados-chave de 1642 e 1654.
Análise psicossocial do envelhecimento entre idosos: as suas representações sociais
Authors: Castro Jefferson Luiz De Cerqueira , Passos Ádilo Lages Vieira , Araújo Ludgleydson Fernandes de , Santos José Victor De Oliveira
Published: January 2020

Objetivo. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar e comparar as representações sociais do envelhecimentoconstruídas por idosos participantes de grupos de convivência para idosos (G1) e idosos não-participantes (G2). Método. Contou-se com a participação de 60 idosos, distribuídos equitativamente por sexo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico, a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP) e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados coletados pela TALP foram analisados através da técnica das redes semânticas, ao passo que as entrevistas foram processadas pelo software IRaMuTeQ. Resultados. Verificou-se que os idosos de grupos de convivência representaram o envelhecimento, sobretudo, com aspectos positivos, associando-o à saúde e à atividades físicas, enquanto os que não participam associaram-no a conteúdos negativos, relacionados à doença, perdas e declínio.
Global Financial Crisis and the Profit Efficiency of First Bank of Nigeria PLC; a Stochastic Frontier Analisis
Authors: Olusola ABERE Benjamin , Abosede Teniola
Published: January 2020

This study examines the Impact of Financial Crisis on the Profit Efficiency of First Bank of Nigeria Plc. The study makes use of data covering the period 1981-2017. The objective of the research work is to analyse the trend in efficiency of First Bank of Nigeria Plc before, during and after the financial crisis The study rests on the Minsky Financial Instability Hypothesis theoretical framework and uses the translog Stochastic Frontier profit function with one output (Loans), two inputs (price of funds and noninterest expense) and two netputs (fixed assets and equity) to formally examine the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the profit efficiency of this bank. This study also employs the Multivariate Regression Analysis to examine the relationship between the profit efficiency of the bank and some contextual variables. To achieve this objective, the study uses the Ordinary Least Square to examine the potential determinants of the bank's Profit efficiency. The result of the translog profit function shows that the bank made a significant progress during the crisis period while that of the OLS shows that the Global Financial Crisis does not have a statistically significant impact on the profit efficiency of the bank. Looking at the other determinants of the profit efficiency of the bank, the result shows that variations in the dependent variable has been largely explained by the independent variable as shown by R-square of 0.9628. Also, total asset, bank's diversification, capital strength all have positive effect on the profit efficiency of the First Bank of Nigeria while Bank's loan intensity and the Gross Domestic Product have negative impact. The study concludes that Global Financial Crisis did not have impact on the efficiency of First Bank of Nigeria Plc. It is therefore essential that the regulatory and supervisory authorities (CBN and NDIC) formulate and implement monetary policies that are effective in helping the banks to improve their operations, thereby leading to efficiency in resource allocation and utilization.
Assessment of Corrosion of Mild Steel Buried In Soils of the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: ONWUGBUTA G.C. , JOHN G.N.
Published: January 2020

This study determines the corrosion rate and percent weight loss of mild steel buried in soils of the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. Six geologic zones representing the upland and wetland soils were used for the assessment. The corrosion rates of mild steel in these soils were monitored to assess the extent of corrosion. However, the upland soils (Odagwa, Ogoni, Ahoada and Omoku) were more resistant to corrosion than the wetland (Kaiama and Elebele) soils. The corrosion rate of mild steel at the 24th month was in the following order of corrosivity: Elebele > Kaiama > Omoku > Ahoada > Ogoni > Odagwa. The percent weight loss was higher at the 24th month, with the highest values found at the Meander Belt Deposits of Elebele.  Alternately, the Coastal Plain Sands were found to have the least percent weight loss with the lowest value recorded at Odagwa site at the 24th month. The percent weight loss at the 24th month is in the following order: Elebele > Omoku > Kaiama > Ahoada > Ogoni > Odagwa. The variation in corrosion rate and weight loss of mild steel buried in the different soil types is caused by the aquic moisture regime of the soils, anthropogenic activities carried out, microorganisms present in the soils, and also, the physico-chemical properties of the soils.
Assessment of sorting out in the casualty -emergency and accidents department Omdurman teaching hospital (OTH-EA)
Authors: MANSOUR MUSA Basheer , Ahmedana Sara Elsheikh
Published: January 2020

Sorting out of sick people in casualty means rating/grouping at triage area rely on their illness and degree of trauma mild, moderate, severe or very severe for handling, therapy, and probability of survival. The objective of this study was to assess, the effectiveness of the system in the casualty concerning rating/grouping of sick people attending triage region.

Methods: It was descriptive-analytical study in EA department OTH May 2008 includes 700 participants by simple random sampling. All cases attend the EA department OTH seeking health care and agreed to be included in this study. All cases attending the EA department in OTH and referred to a specialized hospital or canter should be excluded. Data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires, interviews with medical personnel and participants, review of primary registration and files of short stay in the E A department OTH at arrival time and checklist form of medical devices or gear.     

Results: In this study 700 patients were seen most cases were cold (mild, not urgent) (396pts) 56.6 %, the hot about 43.4% both are classified into groups or categories according to their degree of illness or injury as follows:  severely ill or injured (emergent)(120pts) 17.1%, moderately (urgent)(184 pts) 26.3% . The correctly categorized cases were (599) 85.6% and miss categorized cases were (101) 14.4%, although the sisters did not perform or elicit clinical examination and did not start the first aid or primary survey in addition to there is no medical equipment and surgical instruments.

Conclusion: Sorting of sick people into categories depending upon the degree of sickness or injury in EA department OTH was done only by sisters despite the unavailability of basic elements and equipment, the correctly categorized cases were (599) 85.6% and miss categorized cases were (101) 14.4%.

The cold cases better to be treated in the health centers to overcome the accumulation in the casualty for best medical services particularly for emergent and urgent cases.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Female Students and Staff of College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University.
Authors: Saber Taisir , Hawsawi Nahed M. , Alharthi Aisha hassen , Algethami Mashael hamad , Alnefaie Reem Abdullah , Asiri Aisha abdul Rahman , Saber Tamer
Published: January 2020

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a common condition where bacteria are present in a significant count in urine without symptoms. Pathogen persistence for a long period of time can cause urinary tract infection (UTI) that may lead to a serious complication. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of ASB among female student and staff in College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif university.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study where a clean-catch midstream urine specimens were collected from 50 participant; 29 staff (group A) and 21 students (group B). The urine specimens were cultured quantitatively onto CLED agar plates and incubated at 35-37 ºC for 24- 48 hours. Bacterial growth equal to or more than 105 CFU/ml was considered significant. Bacteria that grew in significant count were identified by Gram stain, catalase test, coagulase test and novobiocin sensitivity.

 Results: Out of the 50 urine specimens screened for ASB, two specimens (4 %) showed significant bacterial growth; where one specimen (3.4 %) in group A and one specimen (4.8 %) in group B showed significant bacterial growth. The rest of urine specimens showed either no or non-significant bacterial growth. Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the isolated organisms.

Conclusion: Low prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was noted in this study. This may be due to the relatively small number of the students and staff investigated. Another likely explanation is that our target group has high educational status as socioeconomic marker.
Las letanías del carnaval de Barranquilla
Authors: Mendez Pilar , Soto-Molina Jairo
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se hace un estudio de las letanías del Carnaval de Barranquilla, como formas de representar la realidad social del medio local, regional, nacional e internacional, destacando su poder popular y protagonismo durante los cuatro días de festividades, mientras se van mostrando los aspectos relevantes que caracterizan la cultura costeña.  La producción de letanías es presentada como una semiosis en las cual existen interrelaciones con otros espacios semióticos vinculantes.  Se tratan de probar dos tesis en el contenido de este artículo, que sin lugar a dudas aclara que “lo social” es más que el escenario o contexto de la elaboración y expresión del pensamiento de los hacedores de letanías, sino que también constituye su condición y aporta su lógica al discurso carnavalesco de burlas, sátiras, irónicas, mofas y picaresca, con que son abordados los grandes temas de la actualidad.
Infancia, paz y conflicto
Authors: Camargo Andrea , Gómez Nancy Regina
Published: January 2020

La investigación examinó la comprensión visual de la paz de los niños y las niñas del Sur Oriente y Sur Occidente de Barranquilla. Desarrollamos la investigación con un grupo de 69 niños y niñas de Barranquilla algunos cuyas familias experimentaron el conflicto armado y otros que no lo vivieron de cerca. Ambos grupos entienden la paz como una interacción social pacífica que se construye desde sus familias y escuelas, mientras que se distinguen en la forma que cada grupo entiende el conflicto. Los primeros representan el conflicto a partir de la violencia armada experimentada por sus familias en zonas rurales, mientras que los segundos se remiten a la violencia urbana que viven en sus barrios.
Relación del uso del teléfono celular y los niveles de atención en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje
Authors: Vásconez Villavicencio Amparo Marina
Published: January 2020

El acceso a la telefonía móvil en Ecuador aumenta y la asistencia de estos dispositivos en niños y jóvenes está presente en sus actividades educativas; fundamento para analizar la relación del uso del teléfono celular con los niveles de atención en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje en la Unidad Educativa Francisco Flor, Tungurahua, Ambato, mediante un diseño no experimental, transeccional, de campo. Se aplicó un cuestionario tipo encuesta a 431 estudiantes de bachillerato y la discusión de resultados permiten deducir que el uso del teléfono móvil con relación a los niveles de atención tiene una incidencia poco significativa, por lo que no interfiere en forma negativa, ni como elemento distractor del acto didáctico.

Palabras clave: teléfono celular, enseñanza, aprendizaje, atención.
Health profession education course teaching to undergraduate medical and dental students for making consensus: A mix research method among medical educationist of Peshawar by using Delphi technique
Authors: Khan Manzar , Jamil Brekhna , Imad Muhammad , Makhdoom Shazia , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Anwar Shakeel , Khattak Farhad
Published: January 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction:The future medical education demands newer strategies to enforce positive teaching change. The Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC) has added outcomes such as leadership and management, professionalism, communication skills, and personal professional development. However, the level of difficulty and the importance of the contents need to be identified for the undergraduate medical and dental students. Methodology:This study was conducted at four institutions of Peshawar, Khyber College of Dentistry, Khyber Medical College, Khyber Girls Medical College and Khyber Teaching Hospital, the study was completed from April to December 2018, mix method study design of modified Delphi survey was used through a self-administered questionnaire. The study comprised of two iterative rounds of opinion seeking. The questionnaire included baseline data about the participants including instructions, consent form and name, teaching experience, professional degree, and institute. The first and second round of the questionnaire had 09 statements and 01 Likert scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Results:The analysis showed that out of 11 items, 07 items in the key contents of teaching medical education could not achieve consensus, while 04 items achieved consensus. The 40(67%) of respondents agreed to include medical education at the undergraduate level. Majority 32(53%)of the respondents agreed that medical education contents should be taught in the third year of MBBS and second-year BDS 43(72%). Conclusion: Key content areas of medical education to the undergraduate medical and dental students should be taught in the form of small group discussions. However, the consensus could not be developed on the assessment procedures for assessing medical education topics to the undergraduate medical and dental students.
Establishment of optimal technological regimes of out-of-furnace processing of low-alloyed steels in order to ensure their high corrosion resistance in aqueous media through the formation of favorable non-metallic inclusions
Authors: Amezhnov A. V. , Rodionova I. G. , Mogutnov B. M.
Published: January 2020

Based on the analysis of the technological principles of managing the formation of nonmetallic inclusions and the results of additional studies, optimal process conditions for out-of-furnace processing of steel were established, ensuring not only low contamination of nonmetallic inclusions (HB), but also the formation of nonmetallic inclusions of a favorable morphology that do not adversely affect the corrosion resistance of steel. It is shown that this is achieved by regulated input of aluminum for deoxidation and alloying of steel, limiting its content in steel, limiting the input temperature of aluminum and calcium at the final processing stage, as well as the duration of the flushing period. For steel, micro-alloyed with titanium, it is also possible to form another type of HB, which also do not adversely affect the corrosion resistance of steel. The oxide component of such HB with a high content of calcium and titanium acquires a rounded shape. The formation of such HB is achieved by the regulated input of aluminum, titanium and calcium at the final stage of processing.
The effect of the design of the metal receiver slab continuous casting machine on the movement of metal in the intermediate ladle when the metal stream deviates from the desired position. Part I. Formulation of the problem
Authors: Sukharev S. V. , Zabolotsky A. V. , Kotrovsky P. V. , Turchin M. Yu.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to assessing the effect of the design of the metal receiver in the intermediate ladle of the large capacity slab continuous casting machine on reducing the turbulence of flows when the metal stream deviates from the required position during casting. The results of computer simulation of industrial variants of displacement of a stream of metal from a steel pouring ladle to an intermediate ladle from the target input point are presented. The distribution of metal flows in the tundish is compared with different designs of metal receivers. Recommendations are given for reducing flow turbulence for the cases considered. Ill. 6. Ref. 5.
Statistical parameters of separation processes
Authors: Barsky E. M. , Barsky M. D.
Published: January 2020

The regime of two-phase ascending flow in which the solid phase can move in both directions is called critical. The analysis of such flows from the standpoint of statistical approach has allowed establishing main parameters characterizing this mass process. Chaotizing factor and solid phase mobility are among its energy characteristics. It is shown that two-phase systems that can exchange energy and particles, evolve towards an equilibrium state with maximal entropy. In this case, the ratio of mobility factors in all parts of the system to the chaotizing factor acquires the same value. The analysis of this ratio leads to a universal criterion of separation curves affinization. In this respect, the identity of this criterion for different size classes ensures their equal extractability. A correlation between principal parameters characterizing a two-phase flow as a statistical process is determined. Ill. 4. Ref. 4.
The study of thermal stresses and parameters of refractory structures for the formation of the temperature field when changing the heating rate of the working surface of products
Authors: Akishev A. Kh. , Fomenko S. M. , Tolendiuly S.
Published: January 2020

An experimental setup for micro- and macro-studies of specific heat fluxes and thermomechanical properties of refractories has been developed. The influence on the heat resistance of refractory structures of thermal stresses, temperature field, shape and size of products under various heating conditions of their working surface is studied. It is shown that reducing the width of the side of the working surface of the refractory allows you to increase the speed and specific heat flux without violating the integrity of the structure of the refractory material. The distribution of the temperature fields of the refractory with a change in the heating rate of its working surface, as well as its shape, is studied. Ill. 5. Ref. 11.
The effect of the design of the metal receiver slab CCM on the movement of metal in the intermediate carpet with a deviation of the metal stream from the desired position. Part II Modeling technique
Authors: Sukharev S. V. , Zabolotsky A. V. , Kotrovsky P. V. , Turchin M. Yu.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to assessing the influence of the design of a metal receiver in an intermediate ladle of large capacity slab continuous casting machines on reducing turbulence in flows when the metal stream deviates from the required position during casting. The results of computer simulation of industrial variants of displacing a stream of metal from a steel pouring ladle to an intermediate ladle from the target input point are presented. The distribution of metal flows in the tundish is compared with different designs of metal receivers. Recommendations are given for reducing flow turbulence for the cases considered. Ill. 4. Ref. 2.
Structural-phase changes of dinas in calcining furnaces of coke production
Authors: Logvinkov S. M. , Shabanova G. N. , Korogodskaya A. N. , Shumeyko V. N. , Borisenko O. N.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of research in the field of changes determining of the phase composition and structure of dinas refractories in operating conditions during coal coking. The reasons for the observed changes are differences in temperatures and rates of cooling / heating of dinas at cyclic loading / unloading the coked material, as well as the conditions of refractory contact with the operating environment, the degree and nature of mechanical loads in different masonry zones of coke ovens. As a result of the studies, regularities and features of the macro- and microstructure organization in combination with the forming phase composition of dinas refractory in various zones of the coke oven masonry are noted. It has been determined that critical changes for the integrity of the dinas products material relative to microstructure and phase composition have been not revealed given fact confirms the further operational suitability of such products under the testing conditions of experimental production. Ill. 1. Ref. 10. Tab. 1.
General Dentist Characteristics Associated With Rural Practice Location
Authors: McKernan Susan C , Kuthy Raymond A , Kavand Golnaz
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To examine whether there is a difference in the likelihood that a general dentist practices in a rural location based on individual characteristics, including dental school attended, birth state, practice arrangement, sex, and age.

Methods: All private practice, general dentists in Iowa were included in this study. Data were extracted from the year 2010 version of the Iowa Dentist Tracking System, which monitors practice patterns of active dentists. Rurality of primary office location, categorized using Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes, served as the outcome variable. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to explain associations between rural practice location and dentist characteristics.

Findings: Fifteen percent of the state’s population resided in isolated small rural towns, but only 8% of general dentists practiced here. Approximately 17% of dentists in isolated small rural towns were age 40 or younger, compared to 32% of dentists in urban areas. Among male dentists, those who were born in Iowa (P = .002), were older (P = .020), and graduated from dental schools other than the University of Iowa (P = .009) were more likely to practice in rural areas than were their counterparts. Conversely, among female dentists, solo practice (P = .016) was the only variable significantly associated with rural practice location.

Conclusions: The dentist workforce in rural areas of Iowa is dominated by older males who were born in Iowa. As this generation retires and increasing numbers of women enter the profession, state policy makers and planners will need to monitor changing trends in the rural workforce.
PERBANDINGAN DEIKSIS PADA DUA BUKU AJAR: ANALISIS KONTRASTIF BIPA DAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Destiani Destiani , Andayani Andayani , Rohmadi Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Indonesian language is a foreign language at Sebelas Maret University for students from abroad. Foreign students who communicate with English encounter difficulty to understand and use deixis. This study tried to contrast deixis on two textbooks, Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA)/Indonesian for foreigner and English textbook. The study was conducted through qualitative study with contrastive analysis. AntConc version 3.4.5 was used to identify deixis corpus from BIPA textbook. The concordance from the BIPA textbook was compared with sentences on the English textbook. The analysis found that deixis from those textbooks were different in term of position, form and use. Indonesian deixis can either precede or follow a noun or verb while English deixis appeared only before a noun or verb. When coming together with plural noun, English deixis changes in the form, meanwhile Indonesian’s is not. Based on this study, BIPA teachers are suggested to bring concrete samples during teaching deixis.