bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioural Features of Various Social Groups on the Internet
Authors: Gerasimova Galina I. , Gavrilova Nadezhda Yu. , Medvedev Pavel S.
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the article is to find an effective model for teaching children using modern educational technologies.
Background: The relevance of the study is that the formation of communication in social networks is determined by the ability to search for strategies for social contacts. In this regard, a significant part of people uses a ready-made communicative model created on a technological basis in social networks. The issue of understanding the general structure of communication in the formation of the social structure of a person in adolescents remains debatable.
Method: The article notes that the operation of social networks is governed by purely technical methods and technologies, which can be considered as prerequisites for the translation of such technologies into the space of social interactions.
Results: The authors show that the possibility of a regulatory impact on adolescent behaviour fully meets the principles of organising network communities with an orientation on each person's individual characteristics.
Conclusion: The use of Internet technologies allows for the growth and timely development of communication technologies for the formation of a balanced personality in a globalised world.
Using the Harvesting Method to Submit ETDs into ProQuest
Authors: Veve Marielle
Published: September 2020

The following case study describes an academic library’s recent experience implementing the harvesting method to submit electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) into the ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database (PQDT). In this lesser-known approach, ETDs are deposited first in the institutional repository (IR), where they get processed, to be later harvested for free by ProQuest through the IR’s Open Archives Initiative (OAI) feed. The method provides a series of advantages over some of the alternative methods, including students’ choice to opt-in or out from ProQuest, better control over the embargo restrictions, and more customization power without having to rely on overly complicated workflows. Institutions interested in adopting a simple, automated, post-IR method to submit ETDs into ProQuest, while keeping the local workflow, should benefit from this method.
L’insectarium de l’histoire de l’art ou le pouvoir de fascination de la peinture (Hommage à Daniel Arasse)
Authors: Chantoury-Lacombe Florence
Published: September 2020

In this article, the author explores the way in which art historians, mostly French, have made a theoretical use of insects to analyze practices of painting and the modalities of the glance. Attention to painted flies in Renaissance painting or the modalities of vision specific to some insects such as stick insects has encouraged reflections on visuality and modes of representation. In the form of a tribute to art historian Daniel Arasse, the author reviews his interpretations, after Giorgio Vasari and Andre Chastel, of pictorial details such as the fly. In works of the Renaissance, as both Christ's symbol and macabre detail, the fly carries several meanings and Daniel Arasse brings to light the polysemy of these pictorial signs. In her analysis of fifteenth-century scenes of exorcism, the present author stresses the proximity of these small creatures, rendered in an illusory manner, with various embodiments of the devil expectorated by the possessed. This devil in motion is not a stable motif; like a pictorial collage, it condenses an amalgam of details of insects with sexual and phantasmagoric connotations. In her study of representations of insects, the author concentrates her attention on the fascinating power of these images.
Building for the Raj: Richard Roskell Bayne
Authors: Welch Anthony , Segger Martin , DeCaro Nicholas
Published: September 2020

En 1995, l’Université de Victoria a acheté une collection de 735 dessins, aquarelles, plans d’architecture et autres éléments qui document la vie et la carrière de Richard Roskell Bayne (1836–1901), un architecte anglais et employé de la East India Railway Company qui a exercé sa profession à Kolkata et dans d’autres villes de l’Inde entre 1866 et 1890. Au début de sa carrière, Bayne a fait entre 1864 et 1866 un grand voyage d’études en Europe, au cours duquel il a réalisé des dessins d’édifices historiques et d’ornementations architecturales pour le compte de Heaton, Butler and Bayne, l’entreprise de vitraux de son frère Robert. Richard a produit des centaines des dessins d’un style raffiné en France, en Espagne, aux Pays Bas, en Italie et en Turquie et il s’est toujours intéressé à l’architecture de l’Inde. Le fait que plusieurs de ses dessins aient été mesurés laisse supposer qu’il a eu l’intention de les publier. À titre d’ingénieur-architecte des chemins de fer, il a dessiné non seulement des ponts, des gares, et des maisons, mais aussi des édifices plus monumentaux (East India Railway Office, Kolkata; New Market dans la même ville; Thornhill and Mayne Memorial, Allahabad; Hussainabad Clock Tower, Lucknow; Oak Grove School, Mussoorie et le palais du maharaja de Durbunga). Après avoir quitté l’Inde en 1892, il s’est établi comme architecte à Victoria. L’année suivante, il a participé au concours international pour la construction du Parlement de la Colombie britannique, mais sans succès. Il est mort en 1901.
Who Was that Masked Man? An Alexandrian Bronze
Authors: Hughes Alan
Published: September 2020

Le présent essai examine la signification d’une statuette hellénistique en bronze faisant partie de la collection du regretté docteur Elie Borowski. Le sujet en est unique : un homme émacié porte un masque représentant un babouin. Le masque exprime de la tristesse et de la dignité, et le porteur est difforme et souffre de malnutrition. Sa condition semble le relier à d’autres figures anciennes représentant des gens anormaux, à la suite d’une maladie ou par infirmité. Par ailleurs, par le travail de représentation, le masque suggère un lien avec le théâtre. L’essai propose des parallèles avec les masques thériomorphiques dans la comédie antique grecque et dans divers contextes théâtraux durant la période hellénistique. Le babouin est une espèce commune en Égypte et était identifié au dieu Thoth dans l’Antiquité. L’essai avance que l’homme masqué était acteur dans une version égyptienne d’un conte folklorique grecque, racontant l’histoire de dieux qui se déguisent pour rendre visite aux pauvres humains.
L’Intérêt et les limites de la recherche sur l’art de la miniature au Canada. La collection de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Authors: Vallée Anne-Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

While rediscovering Library and Archives Canada’s collection of Canadian miniature portraits, this article wishes to shed light on the difficulties of research on miniature painting in Canada. The practice of miniature painting appeared in Canada shortly after the British Conquest of 1763, and became one of the most accessible ways to obtain a “likeness” before the invention of photography about a century later. An examination of LAC’s collection shows the problems that originate from the loss of important information about the miniatures, such as the identity of the model and the artist, the production date and site. This loss of information is partly due to the itinerant way of life of many professional miniaturists, whose identity was lost over the years. To be able to stay in a city for a longer period, professional miniaturists offered their customers a diversified array of services, therefore producing fewer miniatures. As shown by some of the works in LAC’s collection, a high quality miniature is not necessarily the work of a professional miniaturist, but may be the work of an amateur. Despite the loss of essential information, art historians manage to date the works within their approximate period by analysing different components such as the scale, the medium, and the subject’s clothing. In fact, the development of miniature painting in Canada follows roughly the same stages as in France, England, and the United States. From the early very small-scale oval portraits painted in watercolour on ivory, miniature portraits evolved to resemble large-scale portraits and photographs. During the revival of the miniature portrait at the end of the nineteenth century, miniaturists returned to the specificities of the art, by, for example, working on a small scale and using jewel-like frames. Another interesting avenue of research on miniature portraits lies in the different roles played by the miniature in the private or social life of the owners. Always an object of memory, the miniature may be worn as an ornament, or, because of its high symbolic value, may become a fetish.
What Lies Beyond the Slide Library?: Facing the Digital Future of Art History
Authors: Parsons Sarah
Published: September 2020

Le présent article analyse les inévitables changements qui sont liés au passage de la diapositive à l’images numérique dans l’enseignement et la recherche; de plus, il pose des questions indispensables sur les outils de l’histoire d’art et leurs effets sur la discipline. L’auteure envisage l’utilisation de principes fondamentaux en pédagogie afin de repenser l’exercice de l’enseignement par l’image, ainsi que l’utilisation plus efficace des ressources visuelles d’une institution, autant pour les recherches du corps enseignant et celles des étudiants, que pour l’enseignement; elle se penche également sur la contribution des ressources numériques aux changements qui affectent la discipline de l’histoire d’art.

L’auteure étudie brièvement cet important changement technologique récent dans l’histoire de la discipline, et poursuit avec un bref compte-rendu de l’émergence des images numériques et des problèmes ou limites actuelles de leur utilisation au Canada. L’article attire ensuite l’attention sur certaines particularités du développement de ressources numériques efficaces et durables dans les universités. Plus spécifiquement, y sont passés en revue les outils et les produits accessibles aux personnes et aux établissements, en ce qui concerne le passage de la bibliothèque de diapositives traditionnelles au centre des ressources visuelles. L’article se termine par un examen critique des conséquences de ce changement inévitable pour la discipline en termes d’enseignement et de recherche, et conclut en offrant de brefs exemples de diverses stratégies visant à effectuer le passage aux ressources numériques.
Exhibiting Ireland: The Donegal Industrial Fund in London and Chicago
Authors: Helland Janice
Published: September 2020

Cet essai étudie l’histoire complexe et l’existence précaire de l’artisanat à domicile, survivant en marge des débats au sujet des expositions et du colonialisme. On y examine le « Donegal Industrial Fund » une organisation fondée en 1883 par Alice Rowland Hart à Londres et les contributions de cette fondation à l’exposition irlandaise de Londres (1888) et à la foire mondiale de Chicago (1895). L’article s’efforce de montrer que le colonialisme est implicitement mêlé à la renaissance de l’artisanat à domicile en Irlande (souvent appelé « home arts ») qui correspond avec l’intensité croissante des débats au sujet du « Home Rule » et des appels à l’indépendance. De plus il réévalue le lien inextricable entre artisanat à domicile et philanthropie au dix-neuvième siècle dans les journaux et les magazines, une relation qui a contribué à une féminisation excessive de l’artisanat à domicile et à une marginalisation des arts ménagers (« home arts ») dans les discussions sur le mouvement d’« Arts and Crafts » (Arts et Métiers) à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle.
Patronage at the Court of Burgundy around 1500: A Note on the Death of St Nicholas Window in the Royal Ontario Museum
Authors: Isler-De Jongh Ariane
Published: September 2020

Un vitrail, conservé au Royal Ontario Museum et représentant la mort de saint Nicolas, fait partie d’une série, maintenant dispersée, qui ornait quatre baies du cloître de la chartreuse de Louvain et racontait la vie du saint.

Cet article se veut un exposé de l’état des recherches à ce jour, tenant compte du fait que les autres panneaux de la série seront étudiés par les groupes de recherche du Corpus Vitrearum en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis. Nous nous concentrons donc sur la personalité du donateur, Nicolas Ruterius (1442–1509), évêque d’Arras et chancelier de l’Université de Louvain, en même temps que grand administrateur et chargé de missions diplomatiques au service de quatre générations des ducs de Bourgogne.

Sa carrière est donc centrée sur la cour de Bourgogne, principalement à Malines où résidaient Marguerite d’York et Marie de Bourgogne et où il participe à la vie intellectuelle et artistique. Preuve en sont les donations mentionnées dans son testament et en particulier, parmi les livres légués au Collège d’Arras, des manuscrits enluminés spécialement pour lui. Une premère étude de ces manuscrits nous permet de proposer une relation à établir entre les ateliers créant les vitraux et ceux qui produisent les enluminures, contribuant ainsi à élargir le domaine de recherche sur le vitrail.
Images de Pompéi
Authors: Desrochers Brigitte
Published: September 2020

This article outlines the history of representations of Pompeii, from the discovery of the site in 1748 to the present day. It ties artistic interpretations to the development of archaeological research, changing forms of patronage, and evolving audiences.

Initially, images of Pompeii were produced under Royal patronage. As soon as the site became known across Europe, adventurers took it upon themselves to produce different kinds of views, intended for armchair travelers. Come the industrial revolution, and these representations split into two broad categories: tourist views, responding to market forces on the one hand, and state-sponsored, scientific surveys on the other.

These changing forms of patronage influenced the aesthetic sensibilities of the images. The Bourbons wanted the images of Pompeii to contribute to their glory; adventurers cast a much more disinterested gaze at their subject matter; and scientists sought to achieve something of a subjective self-erasure, as it were, in their pursuit of a purely objective reading of the ancient city.

Pictorial composition reflected these changing attitudes. Initially, objects looked like jewels, carefully enshrined inside the picture frame. As time passed, the objects were gradually related back to their original context. Background elements could be seen, and functional connections were made evident. The city finally appeared entire, reading as an organic unity connected to the landscape. Scientists pushed the process even further, pulverizing the city into multiple layers of statistical information.
Ambiguïtés de la réception critique de l’exposition « Canadian Women Artists », Riverside Museum, New York, 1947
Authors: Pageot Édith-Anne
Published: September 2020

In the spring of 1947, the Riverside Museum in New York presented the travelling exhibition, “Canadian Women Artists,” bringing together paintings by seventy-two Canadian women, including Emily Carr, Kathleen Daly, Prudence Heward, Anne Savage, Marian D. Scott, Jori Smith and Edna Taçon. The Canadian organizers aimed to make women more visible and to include them within the dominant artistic directions in Canada. The mobilization of women into an international exhibition was without historical precedent. In this respect, the event took on a fundamental importance for the inscription of women in the history of Canadian art. Nevertheless, a heterogeneous collection of works was favoured, and this article intends to show that this orientation weakened the content of the exhibition, favouring questions extraneous to the specificity of the works and to the diffusion of women’s art. Only Anne Francis, of the Ottawa Citizen, used the exhibition as an opportunity to denounce the masculine exclusivity of the notion of the creator. Elizabeth Wyn Wood, to whom the introduction of the catalogue had been entrusted, availed herself of the opportunity to valorize the idea of a Canadian artistic temperament which took account of the cultural diversity of the country. The American critic, E.A. Jewell, saw in the exhibition the manifestation of a nationalism that he tried to define by reference to the Group of Seven. For Nettie S. Horch, the director of the Riverside Museum, “Canadian Women Artists” shouldered political aims that overshadowed a singular emphasis on the contribution of women. According to her, the event took up, once more, the efforts of collaboration between nations undertaken by the United States before the war. The feminist purpose, potentially disturbing, was thus reduced by political and ideological considerations.
Art, History and Discipline in the Eighteenth-Century German University
Authors: Link Anne-Marie
Published: September 2020

Cet article examine les liens entre un texte d’histoire de l’art écrit vers la fin du dix-huitième siècle et l’institution dans laquelle et pour laquelle il a été conçu, à savoir l’Université de Göttingen (la « Georgia Augusta ») en Allemagne du Nord. Bien que l’objectif principal de cet essai soit d’analyser un cas précoce (peut-être même le premier cas ?) par le biais duquel l’histoire de l’art devint une discipline académique, nous y abordons plus largement le rôle de la discipline dans la formation de l’érudition universitaire moderne. Nous voulons montrer que la constitution de l’histoire de l’art comme discipline dans cette institution allemande, considérée alors comme la plus moderne de son époque, était étroitement liée à un modèle « progressif » et « scientifique » d’érudition, né de préoccupations théoriques développées par ses historiens de profession, parmi lesquels on retrouve Johann Dominicus Fiorillo, un artiste et un membre du corps professoral. Celui-ci collabora à une série de volumes sur l’histoire des arts et sciences parrainée par l’Université elle-même par la publication entre 1798 et 1808 de cinq volumes de son histoire de l’art. Cette série avait été pensée comme un « monument » approprié pour la fin d’un siecle éclairé et le début d’un siècle nouveau et visait à circonscrire la culture de « notre coin de terre » d’une manière aussi « progressive » et « scientifique » que possible. Notre article s’intéresse surtout aux moyens pris par une histoire de l’art post-winckelmannienne, mais antérieure au milieu du dix-neuvième siècle, visant à intégrer ces analyses de la culture à une époque qui voyait l’épanouissement des sciences humaines, une connaissance croissante des « autres » cultures et une nouvelle conception théorique de l’histoire. Par conséquent, l’histoire de l’art de Fiorillo doit être considérée en termes de la particularité propre du lieu où il l’a écrite, et cela suppose que la constitution d’une histoire de l’art universitaire doit être nécessairement considérée dans la production du savoir culturel de l’Université de Göttingen (et du Siècle des Lumières) sur l’identité humaine et européenne. L’histoire de l’art comme nouvelle discipline dont les objectifs étaient justement d’archiver « notre culture », peut ainsi être reconnue comme une partie prenante du « master narrative » historiciste, dominant dans l’érudition universitaire occidentale et dans la formation de la modernité européenne.
Les quotas de femmes pour les entreprises et l’interdiction du burkini
Authors: Rosenblum Darren
Published: September 2020

Le présent article décrit la manière dont les théoriciennes et militantes du féminisme ont réussi à inscrire leurs idéaux dans la fabrique du droit et dans la culture française, ainsi que la façon dont les non-féministes ont commencé à s’approprier ces idéaux. Le féminisme français, en jouant un rôle critique dans l’adoption de la Loi no2000-493 du 6 juin 2000 tendant à favoriser l’égal accès des femmes et des hommes aux mandats électoraux et fonctions électives [Loi sur la parité], qui exige que la moitié des candidats à un mandat électoral public soient des femmes, a tout d’abord provoqué un changement dans l’universalisme français quant au respect des différences de sexe. Malgré son succès mitigé, la Loi sur la parité a fait progresser l’inclusion politique des femmes en France. Ensuite, ces valeurs se sont fondues dans les normes étatiques et les valeurs publiques françaises. Cependant, alors même qu’elles s’imbriquaient dans les valeurs de l’État, ces valeurs ont commencé à être utilisées par la classe politique afin de promouvoir un certain nombre d’exclusions : en premier lieu, l’exclusion des musulmanes françaises d’une pleine participation à la République par l’interdiction du port du voile et de la burqa, suivie par d’autres exclusions fondées sur la classe et le sexe au moyen des quotas au sein des conseils d’administration (QCA) et, plus récemment, l’exclusion des musulmanes par l’interdiction du burkini.
Agricultural Land Protection by Spatial Planning in Bulgaria
Authors: Moteva Milena , Marinova Bisserka
Published: September 2020

Agricultural land is a basic resource for the livelihood of the Bulgarian population. However, its management is unstable and is connected with many unresolved or wrongly resolved problems which make it difficult to exercise its underlying function. This is mainly due to fragmented land legislation that has a number of disadvantages: the transformation of agricultural land into urban land is easy, control of land quality is poor, and there is a deficiency of agricultural spatial planning regulations. One of the specific tools for preserving the natural function of agricultural land is spatial planning, subject to the strategic documents of the country. According to a newly elaborated concept on agricultural territory planning, this process is two‑staged: on the municipal and on‑farm level. The objectives of the paper are: 1) to analyze the effectiveness of national legislation in regard to preserving the natural function of agricultural land; 2) to defend the necessity of the normative framework completion with precise spatial planning rules for agricultural land, and finally; 3) to draw attention to a new concept on agricultural territory planning by presenting the basic cadastral and specific data for performing spatial GIS analyses and elaborating spatial plans. Data from national statistical institutions were used, and methods of analysis and synthesis were applied. The data needed for GIS analyses and elaboration spatial plans for agricultural territory are listed. The paper asserts that spatial planning is a tool for regulating agricultural land use, for setting territory conditions for preserving and improving land quality, for protecting land tenure rights and for developing successful and high‑income agribusiness.
Cyber Republic
Authors: Zarkadakis George
Published: September 2020

How to make liberal democracies more inclusive and the digital economy more equitable: a guide for the coming Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Around the world, liberal democracies are in crisis. Citizens have lost faith in their government; right-wing nationalist movements frame the political debate. At the same time, economic inequality is increasing dramatically; digital technologies have created a new class of super-rich entrepreneurs. Automation threatens to transform the free economy into a zero-sum game in which capital wins and labor loses. But is this digital dystopia inevitable? In Cyber Republic, George Zarkadakis presents an alternative, outlining a plan for using technology to make liberal democracies more inclusive and the digital economy more equitable. Cyber Republic is no less than a guide for the coming Fourth Industrial Revolution and the post-pandemic world.

Zarkadakis, an expert on technology and management, explains how artificial intelligence, together with intelligent robotics, sophisticated sensors, communication networks, and big data, will fundamentally reshape the global economy; a new “intelligent machine age” will force us to adopt new forms of economic and political organization. He envisions a future liberal democracy in which intelligent machines facilitate citizen assemblies, helping to extend citizen rights, and blockchains and cryptoeconomics enable new forms of democratic governance and business collaboration. Moreover, the same technologies can be applied to scientific research and technological innovation. We need not fear automation, Zarkadakis argues; in a post-work future, intelligent machines can collaborate with humans to achieve the human goals of inclusivity and equality.
Tuning movement for sensing in an uncertain world
Authors: Chen Chen , Murphey Todd D , MacIver Malcolm A
Published: September 2020

While animals track or search for targets, sensory organs make small unexplained movements on top of the primary task-related motions. While multiple theories for these movements exist—in that they support infotaxis, gain adaptation, spectral whitening, and high-pass filtering—predicted trajectories show poor fit to measured trajectories. We propose a new theory for these movements called energy-constrained proportional betting, where the probability of moving to a location is proportional to an expectation of how informative it will be balanced against the movement’s predicted energetic cost. Trajectories generated in this way show good agreement with measured trajectories of fish tracking an object using electrosense, a mammal and an insect localizing an odor source, and a moth tracking a flower using vision. Our theory unifies the metabolic cost of motion with information theory. It predicts sense organ movements in animals and can prescribe sensor motion for robots to enhance performance.
Site-specific effects of neurosteroids on GABAA receptor activation and desensitization
Authors: Sugasawa Yusuke , Cheng Wayland WL , Bracamontes John R , Chen Zi-Wei , Wang Lei , Germann Allison L , Pierce Spencer R , Senneff Thomas C , Krishnan Kathiresan , Reichert David E , Covey Douglas F , Akk Gustav , Evers Alex S
Published: September 2020

This study examines how site-specific binding to three identified neurosteroid-binding sites in the α1β3 GABAA receptor (GABAAR) contributes to neurosteroid allosteric modulation. We found that the potentiating neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, but not its inhibitory 3β-epimer epi-allopregnanolone, binds to the canonical β3(+)–α1(-) intersubunit site that mediates receptor activation by neurosteroids. In contrast, both allopregnanolone and epi-allopregnanolone bind to intrasubunit sites in the β3 subunit, promoting receptor desensitization and the α1 subunit promoting effects that vary between neurosteroids. Two neurosteroid analogues with diazirine moieties replacing the 3-hydroxyl (KK148 and KK150) bind to all three sites, but do not potentiate GABAAR currents. KK148 is a desensitizing agent, whereas KK150 is devoid of allosteric activity. These compounds provide potential chemical scaffolds for neurosteroid antagonists. Collectively, these data show that differential occupancy and efficacy at three discrete neurosteroid-binding sites determine whether a neurosteroid has potentiating, inhibitory, or competitive antagonist activity on GABAARs.
BiteOscope, an open platform to study mosquito biting behavior
Authors: Hol Felix JH , Lambrechts Louis , Prakash Manu
Published: September 2020

Female mosquitoes need a blood meal to reproduce, and in obtaining this essential nutrient they transmit deadly pathogens. Although crucial for the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, blood feeding remains poorly understood due to technological limitations. Indeed, studies often expose human subjects to assess biting behavior. Here, we present the biteOscope, a device that attracts mosquitoes to a host mimic which they bite to obtain an artificial blood meal. The host mimic is transparent, allowing high-resolution imaging of the feeding mosquito. Using machine learning, we extract detailed behavioral statistics describing the locomotion, pose, biting, and feeding dynamics ofAedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles stephensi,andAnopheles coluzzii. In addition to characterizing behavioral patterns, we discover that the common insect repellent DEET repelsAnopheles coluzziiupon contact with their legs. The biteOscope provides a new perspective on mosquito blood feeding, enabling the high-throughput quantitative characterization of this lethal behavior.
The effect of hybridization on transposable element accumulation in an undomesticated fungal species
Authors: Hénault Mathieu , Marsit Souhir , Charron Guillaume , Landry Christian R
Published: September 2020

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that can profoundly impact the evolution of genomes and species. A long-standing hypothesis suggests that hybridization could deregulate TEs and trigger their accumulation, although it received mixed support from studies mostly in plants and animals. Here, we tested this hypothesis in fungi using incipient species of the undomesticated yeastSaccharomyces paradoxus. Population genomic data revealed no signature of higher transposition in natural hybrids. As we could not rule out the elimination of past transposition increase signatures by natural selection, we performed a laboratory evolution experiment on a panel of artificial hybrids to measure TE accumulation in the near absence of selection. Changes in TE copy numbers were not predicted by the level of evolutionary divergence between the parents of a hybrid genotype. Rather, they were highly dependent on the individual hybrid genotypes, showing that strong genotype-specific deterministic factors govern TE accumulation in yeast hybrids.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals insights into the response to Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits
Authors: Xu Li , Zong Xiaojuan , Wang Jiawei , Wei Hairong , Chen Xin , Liu Qingzhong
Published: September 2020

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) is a member of the genus Hostuviroid of the family Pospiviroidae and has been found in a wide range of herbaceous and woody hosts. It causes serious dapple fruit symptoms on infected sweet cherry, notably inducing cherry tree decay. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms of HSVd infection in sweet cherry fruit, transcriptome analysis of HSVd-infected and healthy sweet cherry fruits was carried out. A total of 1,572 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, involving 961 upregulated DEGs and 611 downregulated DEGs. Functional analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interactions, secondary metabolism, and the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, C2H2 zinc finger, MYB, bHLH, AP2/ERF, C2C2-dof, NAC and WRKY transcription factors can respond to HSVd infection. In order to confirm the high-throughput sequencing results, 16 DEGs were verified by RT-qPCR analysis. The results provided insight into the pathways and genes of sweet cherry fruit in response to HSVd infection.
Quinquelaophonte enormissp. nov., a new interstitial copepod (Harpacticoida: Laophontidae) from Korea
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Nam Eunjung , Lee Wonchoel
Published: September 2020

We collected an undescribed laophontid copepod from a coarse sand habitat on the east coast of Korea and named itQuinquelaophonte enormissp. nov. We compared the detailed morphological characteristics of the new species with those of congeneric species. Among them, the new species shows a superficial resemblance to the Californian speciesQuinquelaophonte longifurcataLang, 1965. However, the two species are easily distinguishable by the setation of the syncoxa on the maxilliped and the fourth swimming leg. The new species has the variable setation on the second to fourth swimming legs. The variations appear among individuals or between the left and right rami of a pair of legs in a single specimen. Although complex chaetotaxical polymorphism occur in this new species, we used myCOI and Cytb to confirm that the new species is not a species complex. Also, partial sequences of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes were used to analyze the position of the new species within the family Laophontidae. The new speciesis the fourteenthQuinquelaophontespecies in the world and the second species in Korea.
A laboratory comparison of the interactions between three plastic mulch types and 38 active substances found in pesticides
Authors: Beriot Nicolas , Zomer Paul , Zornoza Raul , Geissen Violette
Published: September 2020

Background

In semi-arid regions, the use of plastic mulch and pesticides in conventional agriculture is nearly ubiquitous. Although the sorption of pesticides on Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) has been previously studied, no data are available for other plastics such as Pro-oxidant Additive Containing (PAC) plastics or “biodegradable” (Bio) plastics. The aim of this research was to measure the sorption pattern of active substances from pesticides on LDPE, PAC and Bio plastic mulches and to compare the decay of the active substances in the presence and absence of plastic debris.

Methods

For this purpose, 38 active substances from 17 insecticides, 15 fungicides and six herbicides commonly applied with plastic mulching in South-east Spain were incubated with a 3 × 3 cm2 piece of plastic mulch (LDPE, PAC and Bio). The incubation was done in a solution of 10% acetonitrile and 90% distilled water at 35 °C for 15 days in the dark. The Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe approach was adapted to extract the pesticides.

Results

The sorption behavior depended on both the pesticide and the plastic mulch type. On average, the sorption percentage was ~23% on LDPE and PAC and ~50% on Bio. The decay of active substances in the presence of plastic was ~30% lesser than the decay of active substances in solution alone. This study is the first attempt at assessing the behavior of a diversity of plastic mulches and pesticides to further define research needs.
Dossier Poesía Mapuche y Küme kimün: el buen saber Los espacios de la poesía indígena: agenciamientos y metatextos
Authors:   Universidad Austral de Chile, Rodríguez Monarca Claudia
Published: September 2020

El sistema literario poético indígena es un sistema nuevo, emergente, que requiere de ciertas condiciones para su instalación y consolidación. Una de esas características es que al ser un sistema joven, su carácter fundacional supone por parte de los poetas una reflexión metatextual. Los autores ingresan a este nuevo sistema avalándolo con metatextos. En otras palabras, el sistema emergente irrumpe con metatextos, individuales y colectivos, discursos autorreflexivos de creadores (en su doble rol de escritores y críticos). El corpus de análisis corresponde a manifiestos, discursos en el marco de festivales de poesía, entrevistas, artículos y tesis de investigación, además de metatextos poéticos (artes poéticas) de escritores mapuches, quechuas, aymaras, kichwas y guaraníes.
Rate of Adoption and Diffusion of Dairy Innovations by the Dairy Farmers in Andhrapradesh
Authors: Triveni G. , Sharma G. R. K. , Satyanarayana Ch. , Rao K. Sarjan , Raghunandhan T.
Published: September 2020

Rate of adoption in the present study refers to the acceptance and application by a respondent, some or all the innovations recommended in the package of selected dairy innovations. Rate of diffusion is operationalized as the time taken by the dairy farmer to implement the innovation recommended, to the time form which the farmer is aware of the innovation. A total of 360 dairy farmers, who were first to adopt innovations suggested by the State Animal Husbandry Department from three districts of Andhra Pradesh i.e., Visakhapatnam, Krishna and Chittoor districts were selected purposively for the study. A total of nine dairy innovations were suggested for adoption to the dairy farmers in the study area. Based on adoption quotient computed, the farmers were categorized into low, medium and high adopters and item analysis on adoption of dairy innovations was carried out. Item analysis identified that, out of the nine practices recommended, only five practices i.e., package of practices for rearing heifers, pregnant and lactating animals; feeding of area specific mineral mixture, strategies for enhancement of milk yield and quality, marketing strategies to improve milk sales, use of ICT’s in adoption of innovations were adopted by majority of dairy farmers while remaining four practices i.e., cultivation and feeding of Azolla, hydroponic fodder, use of milking machine and formulation and feeding of complete feed blocks had shown almost low to nil adoption by sizeable section of the respondents. The reasons for adoption of the above mentioned five practices is due to dominant role played by them in influencing production levels, minimum input costs and high economic returns where as the remaining four practices involved high input costs, sound operational skills, low economic returns and non-applicability in all situations which might have been the reasons for their adoption to a meager extent.
Coronavirus and Nutrition: An Approach for Boosting Immune System-A Review
Authors: François Lusamaki Mukunda , Nagessa Wabi Bajo , Victor Buhendwa Mirindi , Moleka Mosisi , Carvalho Irene Stuart Torrié De
Published: September 2020

The global health crisis as a result of covid-19 demands fast and efficient response from global health care system. The evidence of nutrition-based interventions for viral diseases from past clinical trials, and its importance for optimizing the host immune response was reviewed in this paper. The immune system has involved in the protection of the host from pathogenic organisms, communicating molecules and functional responses. It is a known factor that nutrition plays key role in supporting the immune system as the role of nutrients feature prominently in a number of scientific literatures. Several clinical data showed that micronutrients like vitamins, including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E and folic acid; trace elements including, zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, copper and the omega-3 fatty acids like EPA & DHA play a major role in supporting the immune system. Inadequate intake of these nutrients is widespread resulting to a decreasing in resistance to infections and an increasing in diseases burden. Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the roles of nutrition for strengthening immune system for the patients to have strong resistant against the virus is also considered in this paper. It is believed that COVID-19 increases its severity or a host is susceptible to infectious disease once the immune system does not function optimally.
Views of intensive care physical therapists on palliative care
Authors: Marques Clébya Candeia de Oliveira , Pessoa Juliana da Costa Santos , Nóbrega Isabelle Rayanne Alves Pimentel da , Farias Renata Cavalcanti , Favero Andressa Bomfim Lugon , Andrade Fabienne Louise Juvêncio Paes de
Published: September 2020

Objetivos: Investigar a compreensão de fisioterapeutas sobre cuidados paliativos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva(UTI), elencar dificuldades e apontar potencialidades/obstáculos quanto à assistência fisioterapêutica. Método: Pesquisa exploratória de natureza qualitativa, realizada por 11 fisioterapeutas da UTI de um Hospital Universitário da cidade de João Pessoa-PB. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado um formulario contendo questões pertinentes ao conteúdo do estudo. O material empírico foi analisado pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo(DSC). Resultados: Obtiveram-se como ideias centrais: Os cuidados paliativos buscam oferecer qualidade de vida, conforto e alívio do sofrimento para doentes incuráveis; atuação na perspectiva da ortotanásia; importância do fisioterapeuta em proporcionar conforto; dificuldades na tomada de decisão e adoção de estratégias como elaboração de protocolos e educação continuada. Conclusão: O DSC dos profissionais revelou a compreensão destes sobre os CP na UTI e possíveis dificuldades na assistência a estes pacientes, portanto, espera-se a realização de mais estudos nesta temática.
Reference model based discrete time sliding mode control of communication networks
Authors: Leśniewski Piotr , Bartoszewicz Andrzej
Published: September 2020

In this work, we propose a new sliding mode controller based on a reference model for controlling data transmission rates in a connection‐oriented communication network. In the proposed approach, we build a model of the network, which is controlled by a linear quadratic (LQ) optimal controller. Then, the sliding variable of the real network is forced to follow the reference sliding variable generated by this model. This method enables us to preserve the favorable properties of the optimal controller, such as reducing and smoothing out the initial flow rates. Moreover, once the reference model attains the vicinity of the desired state, the designed sliding mode controller is able to react more rapidly to changes in the available bandwidth, ensuring better robustness. Due to this fact, the considered controller can ensure full bottleneck link bandwidth utilization with smaller memory buffers than the LQ optimal one. This important advantage is shown both analytically, and in computer simulations
Droplet‐Based Combinatorial Assay for Cell Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Release Evaluation
Authors: Antona Silvia , Abele Tobias , Jahnke Kevin , Dreher Yannik , Göpfrich Kerstin , Platzman Ilia , Spatz Joachim P.
Published: September 2020

Balancing the maximal efficacy of interferon gamma (IFN‐ɣ)‐based therapies with its side effects is a great challenge for future cytokine treatments. To achieve this, the development of single‐cell technologies that study IFN‐ɣ release in correlation with antitumor activity would represent a huge step forward. To this end, droplet‐based microfluidics is employed to quantitatively investigate IFN‐ɣ secretion from single natural killer (NK) cells in correlation with their cytotoxic activity against a specific target. The method relies on co‐encapsulation of NK‐92 cells, target cancer cells, polystyrene beads conjugated with specific IFN‐ɣ capture antibodies, and fluorescently labeled detection antibodies inside water‐in‐oil compartments. The secreted cytokines are captured and detected by localized fluorescence at the periphery of the beads. NK‐92's cytotoxicity is evaluated simultaneously by means of a fluorescent DNA intercalating agent, which penetrates the membranes of dead target cells. To deepen the understanding of the role of the cytokine in antitumor immunomodulation, the impact of different doses of human recombinant IFN‐ɣ on the cytolytic activity of NK‐92 cells shows a trend that the higher the dose the lower the cytolytic activity of NK cells. The developed method represents a simple quantitative approach to unravel the complex heterogeneity of NK cells toward IFN‐ɣ secretion and cytolytic activity.
Hierarchical Porous Integrated Co1−xS/CoFe2O4@rGO Nanoflowers Fabricated via Temperature‐Controlled In Situ Calcining Sulfurization of Multivariate CoFe‐MOF‐74@rGO for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Ren Chongting , Jia Xu , Zhang Wen , Hou Ding , Xia Zhengqiang , Huang Dashuai , Hu Jun , Chen Sanping , Gao Shengli
Published: September 2020

The precise synthesis of electrode materials that integrate highly redox‐active transition‐metal oxide with conductive transition‐metal sulfide has always been a challenge, due to the extraordinarily robust coordination affinity of sulfur for transition metals. Herein, through controlling the calcined sulfurization temperature to stimulate the activity of oxygen to compete with sulfur, an integrated Co1−xS/CoFe2O4@rGO nanoflower is fabricated in the range of 780–830 °C by employing well‐designed Co0.8Fe0.2‐MOF‐74@rGO as precursor. The hierarchical‐pore structure evolved from the bimetallic MOF@rGO provides a suitable electrolyte environment to promote fast Faradaic reactions, which endows Co1−xS/CoFe2O4@rGO with a high specific capacity of 2202 F g−1 and remarkable cycling stability (90% after 20 000 cycles), superior to those of the most well‐known metal‐organic framework (MOF) derived systems. The assembled Co1−xS/CoFe2O4@rGO//AC asymmetric supercapacitor shows an outstanding energy density up to 61.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 700 W kg−1. A combined experimental and density functional theory calculation demonstrates that the merged Co1−xS/CoFe2O4 interface with optimized electronic structure facilitates electron transfer pathways and realizes the effective synergy of high redox activity from CoFe2O4 and good conductivity from Co1−xS, leading to the excellent electrochemical performance of the material. Additionally, the formation mechanisms of the temperature‐controlled different phases are systematically investigated.
Isolation and Analysis of Tumor Cell Subpopulations Using Biomimetic Immuno‐Fluorescent Magnetic Multifunctional Nanoprobes
Authors: Li Qingjin , Liao Ziyi , Han Lan , Li Linyao , Song Yang , Song Erqun
Published: September 2020

Tumor cell heterogeneity leads to differences in tumor proliferation and invasiveness, as well as drug sensitivity. These factors affect the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of tumor progression. Thus, analysis of tumor cell subpopulations is crucial for tumor diagnosis and individualized treatment. This study describes an approach to capture and sequentially isolate tumor cells subpopulations based on antibody‐mediated recognition and magnetic gradient separation, using biomimetic immuno‐fluorescent magnetic multifunctional nanoprobes, consisting of magnetic γ‐Fe2O3 and fluorescent quantum dots as the core, and leukocyte membrane vesicles with antibodies as the shell. Upon binding with leukocyte membrane‐coated fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles with antibodies (LFMNPs‐Ab), the model of three types of breast cancer cells with different expression levels of Her2 marker on the cell surface, namely, BT474Her2+++, MDA‐MB‐453Her2++, and MDA‐MB‐231Her2+, develop different magnetic susceptibilities. Based on the differences in their magnetic response under constant external magnetic field, the three tumor cell subpopulations in blood samples are magnetically separated and collected sequentially at 90, 120, and 180 s, respectively, as confirmed by a subsequent fluorescent imaging assay. The magnetic gradient separation‐based strategy described in the present study is a simple, fast, and feasible method for targeted separation of tumor cell subpopulations, and shows great potential for clinical study.
Additive Manufacturing of Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wang Xi , Wang Yan , Yang Dandan , Yao Fangyi , Zhang Wenxiong , Wang Bo , Sewvandi Galhenage Asha , Yang Desuo , Hu Dengwei
Published: September 2020

Additive manufacturing technology has attracted unprecedented attention in industry because it provides infinite possibilities for rapid prototyping and enormous potential and opportunities for the production of electronic devices of various complex shapes. This paper focuses on the progress of additive manufacturing of piezoelectric materials in recent years, summarizing the advantages of additive manufacturing technology and its technical impact on the production of piezoelectric materials. It identifies the likely future research development direction of additive manufacturing technology, as well as the limitations of the current additive manufacturing technology in the context of piezoelectric materials. First, the various processes involved in additive manufacturing of piezoelectric devices and the impact of various processes on device performance are systematically summarized. Then, the development of additive manufacturing technology and slurry preparation of piezoelectric ceramic materials, piezoelectric polymer materials, and piezoelectric composites are introduced. Finally, the technical difficulties and potential research directions associated with additive manufacturing of piezoelectric materials are discussed. With the continuous development of additive manufacturing technology and piezoelectric materials, additive manufacturing of piezoelectric devices with excellent performance, high energy storage density, and high electromechanical conversion efficiency will be applied in a wider range of fields in the future.