bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capoeira
Authors: Höfling Ana Paula
Published: September 2018

Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian movement practice that has been categorized as national sport, folklore, martial art, and dance. Although capoeira has been considered a game practiced primarily for leisure since the mid-twentieth century, throughout the nineteenth century it was a form of combat and self-defence based on kicking, tripping, grabbing, and throwing, and techniques for handling weapons such as clubs and straight-razors. Throughout the twentieth century, musical accompaniment became an increasingly important element in capoeira practice. The composition of the musical ensemble, including the use of clapping, has changed over time and varies according to group affiliation and capoeira style. The second half of the twentieth century ushered in the formalization of capoeira instruction, taught in capoeira schools called academias. At that time, capoeira was reconfigured along a tradition/modernity binary, giving rise to the two opposing styles (angola and regional) that still define capoeira practice in the twenty-first century. The simultaneous emergence of a "traditional" and a "modern" capoeira was emblematic of the construction of a modern national identity grounded in "folk" traditions. In both styles, capoeira students attend capoeira classes taught by a mestre (master teacher) and participate in rodas (capoeira jams) at capoeira schools, both in Brazil and abroad. During rodas, players sit or stand forming a circle. Inside this circle, two players at a time engage in mock combat, attempting to trip each other and exchanging strikes that barely miss the opponent. Those watching often participate by singing call and response songs with the musical ensemble.
Crane, Harold Hart (1899–1932)
Authors: Salutsky Ron
Published: September 2018

Generally considered one of a half-dozen major American modernist poets, Hart Crane produced during his short, nomadic life some of the twentieth century’s most impossibly obscure verse alongside its most intensely visionary.

Born June 24, 1899, Hart Crane grew up in a bourgeois household in Garrettsville, Ohio. His mother and father fought often, divorced, and reconciled, a relationship which often cast the Crane’s only child on an opposing side. June Hart, a noted beauty, was controlling and hypochondriac, often calling her son home from his travels to lavish attention on his nervous, ailing mother. Crane’s attempts to win his father’s love were tempered usually with a desire for acceptance and financial support. Amid a chaotic upbringing, Crane on occasion spent time with his grandmother, the first in the young poet’s life to acknowledge his poetic gift.
Deboo, Astad (1947--)
Authors: H. Katrak Ketu
Published: September 2018

Astad Deboo’s name is synonymous with Contemporary Indian Dance, a style that he pioneered at a time when innovations in Indian dance were not welcomed. Deboo’s work in the 1970s and 1980s was not accepted by Indians, who critiqued it as "too Western." Ironically, many Westerners judged it as "not Indian enough." By the 1990s, audiences in India and beyond grew receptive to new Indian dance idioms partly influenced by globalization, the internet, and increased transnational travel. Deboo has received two prestigious awards from the government of India: in 1995, the Creative Dance Award from the government’s major Arts organization, Sangeet Natak Akamedi; and, in 2007, the Padma Shri recognizing him as a pioneer in Contemporary Indian Dance.
Jameson, Margaret Storm (1891–1986)
Authors: Covington Elizabeth R.
Published: September 2018

Storm Jameson was a novelist and critic born in Whitby, Yorkshire, and educated at the University of Leeds and King’s College London. Over her prolific sixty-year career, Jameson produced novels, autobiographies, short stories, poems, biographies, and critical essays. A lifelong socialist, feminist, and proponent of social justice, the political activism she waged in the street and in the committee-room infused her literary output. Jameson’s realist narrative style endeavoured to create a ‘documentarist’ fiction that portrayed common life without cataloguing the author’s emotions upon contact with the poor or downtrodden. Her experimentation with the form of the novel, however, divides her work from the merely factualist accounts of other documentarist writers and aligns it with the literary experimentation of the high modernists. Jameson was the first female president of the British PEN (Poets, Essayists, Novelists) organization, serving from 1938 to 1944. While a pacifist for most of her life, her anti-Nazi sentiments led her to support Britain’s role in the Second World War against Germany, and her work with PEN saved many writers and artists from the Nazis. During her lifetime, Jameson’s most influential works were her Triumph of Time and autobiographical Mirror in the Darkness trilogies, but it is her two-volume autobiography, Journey from the North, that has retained lasting influence.
Dalman, Elizabeth Cameron (1934--)
Authors: Fensham Rachel
Published: September 2018

In a career that has spanned over sixty years, Elizabeth Cameron Dalman has been shaped by a politically progressive view of the role of dance and choreography in Australia and has created works inspired by contemporary paintings, music, political and artistic figures as well as the cosmologies of the natural world. Inspired by her involvement with European and American modern dance, she established Australian Dance Theatre, the first professional modern dance company in Australia in 1965, and developed dances that were engaged with social issues, such as Aboriginal and women’s rights. From her early works to the present, she has had a passion for the Australian landscape and used dance to celebrate its beauty and environmental fragility. As a modern dance ambassador, Dalman initiated the first tour of an Australian dance company to Southeast Asia in the 1970s and established an international profile for Australian dance. Always an educator, she continues her choreographic practice with Mirramu Dance Company, as well as her participation in international collaborations with artists from Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Senegal, and Austria. She was awarded an Order of Australia for her contribution to contemporary dance in Australia, and in 2015 was appointed Patron of the fiftieth anniversary celebrations.
Fokine, Michel (1880–1942)
Authors: Straus Rachel
Published: September 2018

Michel Fokine’s seventeen works for Serge Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes (1909–29) revitalized ballet in the early twentieth century. In Fokine’s most successful works, the body became the wellspring of complex emotion, the corps evoked a democratic ideal, and the male dancer took center stage. Fokine developed from within the conservative traditions of Russia’s Imperial Theatres, but when the young dancer began to choreograph, he emerged as a ballet reformer and innovator. Fokine expanded ballet vocabulary, decried technical virtuosity for its own sake, and merged pure dancing and pantomime to heighten dramatic coherence. He also compressed multi-act ballet productions into one-act works and fashioned movement that developed the work’s theme. Fokine’s ballets owed a debt to symbolism (whose practitioners espoused individuality, liberty, and intuition) and to naturalism, in which Russian painters depicted the everyday (including workers and peasants). While employing a symbolist-naturalist aesthetic, Fokine defined the modern role of a choreographer: one who creates dances instead of one who arranges codified steps, and whose works express a personal rather than institutional identity.
Foxtrot
Authors: C. Cook Susan
Published: September 2018

The foxtrot emerged circa 1914, most likely within African American practices, as a variation on the older duple meter one step popular with dancers since the early years of the twentieth century. The name foxtrot suggests a relationship with earlier trotting animal dances such as the turkey trot or grizzly bear and led to claims that it was the "invention" of the comic Harry Fox. While the one step, at its simplest, consisted of an easy walking step corresponding to each beat of 2/4 meter syncopated up tempo music, foxtrotters varied this duple meter walk through a combination of two slow and four quick steps danced over four beats of music. This combination, along with later variants such as two slow and two quick steps, proved to be extraordinarily versatile as dancers responded to popular music in a variety of tempi and corresponding emotional affects. The foxtrot’s versatility and up-to-date modernity ensured a transatlantic popularity that extended well into the rock ’n’ roll era and remains central to current practices of professional and amateur ballroom dance and Dansport.
Harlem Nightclubs
Authors: Templeton Melissa
Published: September 2018

In the 1920s and 1930s, Harlem became a major hub of New York City nightlife and a prolific space for African American artistic creation. It was in Harlem’s nightclubs (also known as cabarets) that big band jazz became a sensation and where theatrical dance forms like tap dance, and social dances like the lindy hop and the Charleston, gained widespread popularity. These artistic developments contributed to an emerging modern black identity among the intellectuals and artists of the Harlem Renaissance. While the artists in these nightclubs tended to be African American, the more elaborate and expensive clubs catered almost exclusively to white patrons; black artists were often faced with the challenge of catering to white expectations while creatively developing their own art. The music and dance that emerged in these nightclubs also became the inspiration of many black modernist authors.
Biomass burning aerosol over the Amazon: analysis of aircraft,
surface and satellite observations using a global aerosol model
Authors: Reddington Carly L. , Morgan William T. , Darbyshire Eoghan , Brito Joel , Coe Hugh , Artaxo Paulo , Marsham John , Spracklen Dominick V.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Vegetation fires emit large quantities of aerosol to the atmosphere impacting regional air quality and climate. Previous work has used comparisons of simulated and observed aerosol optical depth (AOD) in regions heavily impacted by fires to suggest emissions of aerosol particles from fires may be underestimated by a factor of 2–5. Here we use surface, aircraft and satellite observations made over the Amazon during September 2012 along with a global aerosol model to improve understanding of aerosol emissions from vegetation fires. We apply three different satellite-derived fire emission datasets (FINN, GFED, GFAS) in the model. Aerosol emissions in these datasets vary by up to a factor 4 over the Amazon during this period, highlighting the considerable uncertainty in emissions. We find variable agreement between the model and observed aerosol mass concentrations. The model well reproduces observed aerosol concentrations in some periods over deforestation fires in the western Amazon. In contrast, the model underestimates aerosol concentrations over savannah fires in the eastern Amazon. The model consistently underestimates AOD compared to satellite and ground stations, even when the model reproduces the observed vertical profile of aerosol mass concentration. We suggest this is likely caused by uncertainties in the calculation of AOD, with the largest sensitivity due to uncertainty in water uptake. We therefore caution against using comparison with AOD to constrain particulate emissions from fires.
A rescued dataset of sub-daily meteorological observations for Europe and the southern Mediterranean region, 1877–2012
Authors: Ashcroft Linden , Coll Joan Ramon , Gilabert Alba , Domonkos Peter , Brunet Manola , Aguilar Enric , Castella Mercè , Sigro Javier , Harris Ian , Unden Per , Jones Phil
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Sub-daily meteorological observations are needed for input to and assessment of high-resolution reanalysis products to improve understanding of weather and climate variability. While there are millions of such weather observations that have been collected by various organisations, many are yet to be transcribed into a useable format.Under the auspices of the Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional ReAnalyses (UERRA) project, we describe the compilation and development of a digital dataset of 8.8 million meteorological observations of essential climate variables (ECVs) rescued across the European and southern Mediterranean region. By presenting the entire chain of data preparation, from the identification of regions lacking in digitised sub-daily data and the location of original sources, through the digitisation of the observations to the quality control procedures applied, we provide a rescued dataset that is as traceable as possible for use by the research community.Data from 127 stations and of 15 climate variables in the northern African and European sectors have been prepared for the period 1877 to 2012. Quality control of the data using a two-step semi-automatic statistical approach identified 3.5 % of observations that required correction or removal, on par with previous data rescue efforts.In addition to providing a new sub-daily meteorological dataset for the research community, our experience in the development of this sub-daily dataset gives us an opportunity to share some suggestions for future data rescue projects.All versions of the dataset, from the raw digitised data to data that have been quality controlled and converted to standard units, are available on PANGAEA: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.886511 (Ashcroft et al., 2018).
Advecting heating by hot fluids of an Alpine fissure in Lauzière Granite (Belledonne massif, Western Alps)
Authors: Janots Emilie , Grand'Homme Alexis , Bernet Matthias , Guillaume Damien , Gnos Edwin , Boiron Marie-Christine , Rossi Magali , Seydoux-Guillaume Anne-Magali , De Ascenção Guedes Roger
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A multi-method approach investigation in the Lauzière granite, located in the external Belledonne massif of the French Alps, reveals unusually hot hydrothermal conditions in vertical open fractures (Alpine-type clefts), caused by advective heating. The host-rock granite shows sub-vertical mylonitic microstructures and partial retrogression at temperatures of
El desafío de la educación ciudadana en la formación inicial docente: Educar la razón y las emociones
Authors: Barahona Henry Elma
Published: September 2018

En la actualidad se aspira que la universidad juegue un rol relevante en diferentes escenarios de la sociedad en donde se inserta. Uno de ellos es la formación de profesionales que las sociedades demandan, sin embargo, aunque la presión actual es atender las exigencias del mercado, las universidades deben apostar a propósitos más amplios. En el caso de la formación inicial docente, se deben formar profesionales que realicen un doble papel, en primer lugar, que se desempeñen como ciudadanos y en segundo lugar, que formen a otros para que puedan ejercer este rol. El desafío es aportar para que los futuros docentes, alcancen un nivel de conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y aptitudes, que les permitan interactuar con escenarios cada vez más cambiantes y complejos en las formas de vivir y convivir. Lo anterior implica, una formación ciudadana integre conocimientos y un conjunto de capacidades asociadas a la educación de la razón, las emociones y sentimientos. Esta reflexión es la que se desarrollará en este trabajo.
Responsabilidad Social y Educación en Honduras
Authors: Banegas Barahona Lenin Leonardo
Published: September 2018

Las relaciones entre la educación y la responsabilidad social son cada día evidentes derivando en al menos tres vínculos; La responsabilidad social ejecutada por las empresas por su participación en el desarrollo comunitario específicamente en el sector educación, es decir las inversiones socialmente responsables que la empresa privada puede realizar a favor de la educación. La educación y formación de Directores de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, lo cual es incluyente del desarrollo de propuestas en donde el tema de responsabilidad social empresarial se tome de forma transversal o se generen espacios educativos propios, así como el desarrollo de carreras específicos asociada al tema. La responsabilidad social de los centros educativos en participar en procesos de potenciación del progreso social, económico, ambiental e institucional, como un ciudadano organizativo más, bajo un esquema de territorios socialmente responsables en donde participen todos por el bien común.En este trabajo se resumen las experiencias de Honduras, en los tres vínculos estableciendo el grado de avance existente hasta el momento sobre esta temática reflexionando sobre todo sobre las perspectivas que existen de que la vinculación entre educación y responsabilidad social se consolide en el Sistema Educativo Nacional, con ello se aporta en especial al dialogo que desde la academia y especialmente desde la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán debe de impulsarse, congruente con sus prioridades y líneas de investigación institucionales, en donde la Responsabilidad Social y Educación ha quedado establecida desde el año 2010.
How primary care providers promote active aging in community-dwelling older people with mental disorders: A qualitative study
Authors: Kenbubpha Kedsaraporn , Higgins Isabel , Wilson Amanda , Chan Sally Wai-Chi
Published: September 2018

The promotion of active aging in community-dwelling older people with mental disorders is an under-researched area. Primary care providers play an important role in engaging older people with mental health disorders to optimize active aging and increase their quality of life. This study explored how primary care providers apply the concept of active aging in community-dwelling older people with mental disorders and to identify factors that facilitate or hinder such application for promoting active aging in this group. Two focus groups were conducted. Fourteen primary care providers were recruited by purposive sampling from two primary care units located in Ubonratchathani province, the northeast region of Thailand. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. The study found that the majority of primary care providers were unfamiliar with the notion of active aging and that older people with mental disorders were not encouraged to join the health promotion activities organised by the community centre. Thai primary care providers need to be supported with training to enhance skills for promoting active ageing in this group. They also lack resources from the national and local government. The findings of this study were used to help develop a new instrument to measure perspectives of primary care providers in a quantitative study.
Using Human-Centered Design Leadership to Improve Care of Older Adults With Disabilities
Authors: Eadens Daniel W. , Eadens Danielle M.
Published: September 2018

As the population of individuals with disabilities is rapidly aging, organizations face new challenges in person-centered care, especially in residential facilities where their caregivers are not family members but individuals with diverse cultural backgrounds and limited understanding of American culture. There are many organizations which offer a range of services to individuals with disabilities, including community-based residential settings where caregivers work with adults to increase independence in daily living skill development, behavior management, personal care, medication administration, and other services and activities. Complications arise when caregivers lack the knowledge, training, cultural understanding, and communication skills necessary to provide quality care. Much more skill acquisition is needed than the minimal State-required 40-hour orientation and training. This article outlines the leadership needs for specific studies that use human-centered designs to develop new trainings and work processes that are tailor-made to suit needs of caregivers and individuals for whom they care. Additionally, it discusses the need for studies that could lead to practice and policy changes needed based upon results of research to determine the levels of knowledge diverse caregivers, serving adults with disabilities, have regarding activities of daily living and the aging process.
The Prevalence and Determinants of Unintended Pregnancies Among Women in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Lawani L. O. , Ekem N. N. , Eze, J. N. , Ekwedigwe K. C. , Egede J. O. , Isikhuemen M. E.
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy is a major social and public health problem affecting women within the reproductive age group. It jeopardizes women’s sexual and reproductive health and may pose a threat to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3. Objective: To determine the prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria.

METHODS: A semi-structured questionnaire was used for a cross-sectional survey of antenatal clinic attendees at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki from January 2015 to March 2015. A total of 185 questionnaires were correctly filled and analyzed using 2008 Epi Info version statistical software (Atlanta Georgia, USA).

RESULTS: Out of the 185 antenatal clinic attendees, 43.8% (81/185) reported having had an unintended pregnancy at some point in their lives. The age at marriage, level of education, place of residence, sex education and use of contraception were significant determinants of unintended pregnancy.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy in this study was high. Its determinants include educational status, use of contraception, age at marriage and place of residence.
Brand Equity and Business Performance in Family and Non-Family Mexican Small Business
Authors: Maldonado-Guzman Gonzalo , Yesenia Pinzón-Castro Sandra , Anabel Ortiz-Lazcano Dolly
Published: September 2018

Brand equity is a topic that has been analyzed and discussed recently by scholars and researchers in the field of marketing. It is also considered as one of the most successful business strategies which allows enterprises, especially small ones, not only to survive in a highly globalized and competitive market bust also to attain a significant increase in their level of business performance. Moreover, the equity of the brand has commonly been studied from the perspective of big enterprises so there are few investigations focused in the analysis of these variables in small companies. This is why the objective of this empirical research is the analysis and discussion of the effects of equity of brand in business performance in small enterprises from a country with an emerging economy, as it is the case of Mexico. The results obtained show that equity brand in products and services of small enterprises have a positive, significant effect in the level of business performance.
Endonasal Triangular Technique for nasal valve rhinoplasty: a ten year review
Authors: Havea Ngalufua'atonga , Tang Cheryl , Rockey Jason , Lynch Angelica
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The nasal valve is the main regulator of airflow in the nose. Consequently, the collapse of the nasal valve has a significant impact on nasal obstruction and hence quality-of-life of patients. Several nasal valve rhinoplasty techniques are being used, from cartilage grafts to endonasal resection of the upper lateral cartilage. We describe a new endonasal approach to nasal valve rhinoplasty, the Triangular Technique, and assess its efficacy and complication rate over ten years.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients who underwent nasal valve rhinoplasty at three regional hospitals from Jan 2004 to May 2014 was conducted. Subjective reports were used to assess the improvement of nasal obstruction. 24 patients were included.

Results: 3 months postoperatively, 19 patients reported improvement in nasal obstruction. 4 patients required revision surgery. 2 of these 4 patients had substantial symptom resolution post revision surgery. 10 patients were followed up for more than 5 years (range: 5.8 to 10.3 years), 9 of who reported continued satisfaction and none or minimal nasal obstruction after nasal valve rhinoplasty compared to before surgery. There were no reported complications.

Discussion: The Triangular Technique is a straightforward endonasal technique to address collapsed nasal valves with minimal associated co-morbidities.
Immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Przybylski Krzysztof , Majchrzak Ewa , Weselik Liucija , Golusiński Wojciech
Published: September 2018

Leczenie chorych na raka płaskonabłonkowego głowy i szyi jest istotnym problemem. Obserwuje się wzrost zachorowalności na nowotwory złośliwe tego regionu. Chirurgia, radioterapia oraz chemioterapia często nie są wystarczającymi metodami leczenia. Dokładna analiza procesów zachodzących w mikrośrodowisku guza pozwoliła na wyodrębnienie trzech etapów składających się na reakcję organizmu człowieka na wrogie antygeny, jakimi są antygeny nowotworowe. Poznanie tych mechanizmów skutkowało wprowadzeniem nowego terminu immunoonkologia. Jest to dziedzina leczenia nowotworów skupiająca się na wykorzystaniu układu immunologicznego pacjenta w celu zwalczania choroby. Immunoterapia u chorych na raka przyniosła pozytywne efekty. Wykorzystanie inhibitorów immunologicznych punktów kontroli, jak przeciwciała monoklonalne przeciwko receptorowi CTLA – 4 oraz PD – 1 umożliwiło modulację funkcji limfocytów T w konsekwencji znosząc immunosupresję w mikrośrodowisku guza. Przeprowadzono badania kliniczne z zastosowaniem nivolumabu oraz ipilimumabu, które potwierdziły ich przydatność kliniczną. Zatwierdzenie przez FDA nivolumabu w leczeniu nawrotowego i przerzutowego raka płaskonabłonkowego głowy i szyi wydłużyło całkowity czas przeżycia chorych oraz czas przeżycia wolny od choroby. Dane statystyczne wskazują na przewagę immunoterapii nad innymi metodami leczenia w zaawansowanym stadium choroby nowotworowej. Celem pracy jest omówienie podstawowych zagadnień związanych z immunoterapią, w szczególności immunoterapią u chorych na raka płaskonabłonkowego głowy i szyi.
A Study of a Ruzicka Vibration Isolator Model with High-Static-Low-Dynamic Characteristic
Authors: KANG Bingbing , LI Haijun , ZHANG Zhen , ZHOU Hongyang
Published: September 2018

This paper studies a Ruzicka vibration isolator model with high-static-low-dynamic characteristic. Firstly, we analyze mechanical property of the quasi-zero stiffness spring which is composed of a cylinder and get an approximate expression of the spring’s static force. This kind of spring is the main part of a high-static-low-dynamic vibration isolator. Secondly, a Ruzicka high-static-low-dynamic vibration isolator with duffing equation is put forward, which is a combination of a Ruzicka vibration isolator and a high-static-low-dynamic vibration isolator. In the calculation process of solving its amplitude-frequency characteristic, a new method- Harmonic Equivalent Linearization Method- is used, in which the equivalent linearization algorithm is introduced into Harmonic Balance Method. This method could greatly simplify the calculation process and gives the same result as Harmonic Balance Method. Finally, the effects of additional stiffness, damping and excitation amplitude on nonlinear amplitude-frequency characteristic are investigated numerically, and also verified that the stable solutions of simulation and equation are similar. The results show that the Ruzicka high-static-low-dynamic vibration isolator is suitable for small amplitude vibration. The appropriate additional stiffness and damping ratio can change the resonance band of the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve. Therefore, the resonance can be suppressed by controlling the initial state of vibration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.24.4.20302
Axiological Interpretation in the Thought of Max Weber: To Rediscover an Important Hermeneutical Concept
Authors: Râmbu Nicolae
Published: September 2018

In this article, we defend the thesis according to which the axiological interpretation (Wertinterpretation) of Max Weber might play an important role. This is important not only in the field of social sciences methodology, but also within philosophical hermeneutics, where no one has given it any special attention so far. Indeed, no hermeneutics history has noted the concept of axiological interpretation. Starting from this concept and from the reality it describes, because without using the expression itself, the phenomenon of interpreting values is a constant presence in the history of any civilisation, the author of this article pleads for establishing a hermeneutics of values, a subject only sketched so far in literature.
Comparative Analysis of Bakhtin’s and Saussure’s Approaches in the Context of Structuralism and Poststructuralism
Authors: Povtoreva Svitlana , Chursinova Oksana
Published: September 2018

The authors prove that Bakhtin’s works are basically connected with the structural approach. The philosopher analysed this methodology, especially ideas of Saussure, Russian formalism and others. He defined both its advantages and weak sides. The authors examine the specifics of Bakhtin’s methodology which were effectively used in the creation of an original humanistic philosophy of act. In the article the causes of popularity of Bakhtin’s works in the West philosophy discourse are revealed. The authors are making an accent on Bakhtin’s criticism, which was directed against the dehumanized tendencies of structuralism. This criticism is adequately used in modern times, because it helps to establish new humanism as well as to focus on the existence of man in the world.
Shift of Creativity Concepts: From Mysticism to Modern Approach
Authors: Adomaitytė Gintarė , Žilinskaitė Viktorija , Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė Živilė , Valantinaitė Ilona , Navickienė Vida
Published: September 2018

The article analyses the development of creativity concepts. Notions of creativity transformed historically from uncontrolled divine inspiration and non-reflected artistic inspiration to the targeted work resulting in commercially successful creative products. The analysis begins with Plato’s discussion that a poet should be overtaken by divine inspiration, that human beings do not create by themselves, they are dictated to by the Muses. Renaissance, Rationalism and Romanticism are analysed including their reflections in recognised artists of 20th century. Today’s notions of creativity are reviewed including ones important for creative industries and consumer society.
АКТУЕЛНОСТ КОЧИЋЕВЕ БОРБЕ ЗА СРПСКИ ЈЕЗИК
Authors: Ковачевић Милош
Published: September 2018

У раду се анализирају разлози и критеријуми које је користио ПетарКочић у одбрани српскога језика. Анализа укључује различите Кочићевевидове одбране српскога језика, а прије свега: а) одбрана српскога језикаод германизације, и б) одбрана од кварења српскога језика, и в) борба заочување љепота српскога језика. Кочићеви ставови о српском језику у радусе доводе у везу са актуелним врло лошим стањем српскога језика, сањеговом англицизацијом, са пре влађујућом језичком некултуром, и саврло малом бригом за очување љепота српскога језика.
МЕТОДИЧКЕ ОСНОВЕ ТУМАЧЕЊА СРПСКИХ РЕАЛИСТИЧКИХ ПРИПОВЈЕДАКА
Authors: Пајкановић Зора
Published: September 2018

На примјерима добро познатих аутора и приповједака из периодасрпског реализма у раду се предочавају методичке основе тумачења про-зног умјетничког текста. Посебна пажња посвећена је истраживачким за-дацима које наставник поставља пред ученике с циљем што бољег мо-тивисања њихове читалачке усредсређености. Показано је како се био-графија писца, наслов приповијетке или поједини њени ефектнији дијеловимогу искористити као мотивациони подстицај, и то техником интердисци-плинарног приступа у што адекватнијем амбијенту.
МЕТОДИЧКА ОБРАДА ПРИПОВЈЕДАКА М. ГЛИШИЋА ГЛАВА ШЕЋЕРА, Р. ДОМАНОВИЋА ДАНГА И С. МАТАВУЉА ПОВАРЕТА
Authors: Пајкановић Зора
Published: September 2018

Тип часа: обрада приповијетке путем структурних елеменатаи задатака различитих нивоа сложености;Облици рада: фронтални рад, рад у групама, индивидуалнирад;Наставне методе: текст метода, монолошка и дијалошка интерпре-тативна метода;Циљеви часа: Образовни циљеви: Упознавање путева развоја и осо-бина српских реалистичких приповједака. Упознавање друштвених иекономских односа у Србији 19. вијека и уочавање везе између стварногживота и живота приказаног у приповијеткама. Оспособљавање ученикада при мијене знања из теорије и историје књижевности. Развијање спо-собности тумачења књижевног текста, тумачење приповијетке путемструктурних елемената (тема, композиција, ликови, језик). Откривањезна чења и уочавање вриједности приповијетке Глава шећера.
КО НАС УЧИ ПИСАТИ?
Authors: Кнежевић Саша
Published: September 2018

Српски језик је уз математику најзаступљенији наставни предмету цјелокупном основношколском систему у Републици Српској.У нижим разредима основне школе они чине половину цјело-купних наставних садржаја.1 Српски језик и математика, дакле, пред-стављају најзначајнији дио материје коју у свом раду ученицима предајупрофесори разредне наставе. Сходно томе за очекивање је и да настудију ове двије дисциплине буду заступљене сразмјерно њиховој за-ступљености у наставном процесу који изводе професори разредне на-ставе. Наиме, ако се од професора разредне наставе очекује да ђаке учиприје свега садржајима из математике и српског језика, логично би билода и студенти разредне наставе на свом студију у истом омјеру изучавајуградиво и уче се градиву из ове двије области.
Differences in persistence between dogs and wolves in an unsolvable task in the absence of humans
Authors: Rao Akshay , Bernasconi Lara , Lazzaroni Martina , Marshall-Pescini Sarah , Range Friederike
Published: September 2018

Despite being closely related, dogs consistently perform worse than wolves in independent problem-solving tasks. These differences in problem-solving performance have been attributed to dogs’ greater reliance on humans, who are usually present when problem-solving tasks are presented. However, more fundamental motivational factors or behavioural traits such as persistence, behavioural variety and neophobia may also be responsible for differences in task performance. Hence, to better understand what drives dogs’ and wolves’ different problem-solving performance, it is essential to test them in the absence of humans. Here, we tested equally raised and kept dogs and wolves with two unsolvable tasks, a commonly used paradigm to study problem-solving behaviour in these species. Differently from previous studies, we ensured no humans were present in the testing situation. We also ensured that the task was unsolvable from the start which eliminated the possibility that specific manipulative behaviours was reinforced. This allowed us to measure both persistence and behavioural flexibility more accurately. In line with previous studies, we found wolves to be more persistent than dogs. We also found behavioural variety to be linked to persistence and persistence to be linked to contact latency. Finally, subjects were consistent in their performance between the two tasks. These results suggest that fundamental differences in motivation to interact with objects drive the performance of wolves and dogs in problem solving tasks. Since correlates of problem-solving success i.e. persistence, neophobia, and behavioural variety are influenced by species’ ecology, our results support the social ecology hypothesis which postulates that the different ecological niches of the two subspecies (dogs have evolved to primarily be scavengers and thrive on and around human refuse, while wolves have evolved to primarily be group hunters and have a low hunting success rate) at least partly shaped their behaviours.
Implementing RightsStatements.org at the University of Miami Libraries
Authors: Capell Laura , Williams Elliot
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION Library digital collections have historically contained unstandardized and often inadequate information regarding copyright status in the item-level metadata. The development of RightsStatements.org, international recommendations for describing rights status, provides an opportunity for libraries to improve their rights metadata and educate users about copyright for digital objects. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM This paper reports on a two-year project at the University of Miami Libraries to implement RightsStatements.org. Two librarians, who did not previously have a background in copyright issues, performed a copyright analysis of all 58,000 objects in the libraries' digital collections and developed workflows for updating rights metadata. Workflows for developing new digital projects were also updated to incorporate rights considerations more comprehensively throughout the process. CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS The copyright assessment project uncovered several challenges for analyzing the copyright status of digitized archival and special collections materials, including the need to periodically reevaluate materials as more content moves into the public domain in the United States. The project also reinforced the importance of risk management when planning digitization projects for online access. Project outcomes are discussed, as well as implications for other libraries considering implementing RightsStatements.org.
Effects of resveratrol, exercises and their combination on Farnesoid X receptor, Liver X receptor and Sirtuin 1 gene expression and apoptosis in the liver of elderly rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver
Authors: Hajighasem Amir , Farzanegi Parvin , Mazaheri Zohreh , Naghizadeh Marjan , Salehi Ghoncheh
Published: September 2018

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder. This study aims to consider effects of resveratrol, exercise and their combination on Farnesoid X receptor (Fxr), the liver X receptor (Lxr) and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) genes expression in the liver of elderly rats with NAFLD.

Methods

Rats with NAFLD were randomly divided into seven groups including patient, saline, resveratrol (RSV), interval exercise, continuous exercise, interval exercise + RSV and continuous exercise + RSV. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the liver tissue were measured using specific ELISA kits. A TUNEL assay kit was used for the assessment of hepatic cells apoptosis. Lipid profiles were considered by measuring the serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. Expression of Sirt1, Lxr and Fxr genes was considered using RT-PCR.

Results

Resveratrol administration alone or combined with exercise training significantly improved the expression of Sirt1, Lxr and Fxr genes (p < 0.05) in the hepatic tissue of rats with NAFLD, while levels of AST, ALT, ALP enzymes, as well as apoptotic cells were significantly decreased (p < 0.05).

Discussion

Although resveratrol alone improves the expression of Sirt1, Lxr and Fxr, as well as liver function, combined therapy with exercise training is more effective to improve NAFLD.
Development of Al–Mg–Sc Thin Foils for Fiber‐Reinforced Metal Laminates
Authors: Kabliman Evgeniya , Bozorgi Salar , Kronsteiner Johannes , Nikolas Alexey
Published: September 2018

The present work is dedicated to studying of a manufacturing process of Al–Mg–Sc thin foils, which are considered as potential candidates to substitute metallic layers made of a conventional Al–Cu based alloy in a new generation of fiber‐reinforced metal laminates. For this purpose, a special alloy is designed based on 1570C (Al–5.5Mg–0.23Sc–0.34Mn–0.07Zr–0.03Ti), whereas the content of Mg is reduced and a different Rare Earths Element is used. At the next step, a special rolling technology for production of thin metal foils with a maximal thickness of 0.5 mm is developed. The microstructure is then characterized by using the metallography, EBSD, as well as SEM/EDX techniques. In order to eliminate the rolling defects (waviness of thin foils), thin sheets are subjected to hot pressing. Additionally, numerical simulations of asymmetric hot rolling by using Finite Element Method are performed in order to get a better insight into the formation of foil waviness. The mechanical properties of produced Al–Mg–Sc foils with a thickness of 0.5 mm achieves 377 and 419 MPa for yield and ultimate strength, respectively, with the elongation at break about 11% (in the longitudinal direction). The estimated average corrosion rate of the Al–Mg–Sc sheet material with a thickness of 2.7 mm is not more than 0.006 mm/year. Finally, the rate of fatigue crack growth is found lower than for a conventional AA2024‐T3 sheet material as well as the material density (2.65 g cm−3).
Space‐Confined Growth of CsPbBr3 Film Achieving Photodetectors with High Performance in All Figures of Merit
Authors: Zeng Junpeng , Li Xiaoming , Wu Ye , Yang Dandan , Sun Zhiguo , Song Zehao , Wang Hao , Zeng Haibo
Published: September 2018

All‐inorganic halide perovskite is considered as outstanding candidate of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite due to its superior stability. However, the low solubility of precursor and uncontrollable film growth result in poor film quality and impede the application of polycrystalline films greatly. In this work it is reported on a space‐confined growth strategy to overcome the low solubility and fast crystal growth disadvantages via freezing the precursor solution within the gaps of ordered polystyrene sphere templates. Then, the dense CsPbBr3 polycrystalline films realize low trap density (3.07 × 1012 cm−3) and high carrier mobility (9.27 cm2 V−1 s−1) after stoichiometric modulation. Photodetectors based on these films exhibit high performance in all figures of merit. Specifically, high responsivity up to 216 A W−1 and ultrashort response time (<5 µs) are achieved, which are better than those of all the CsPbBr3 based PDs. A record detectivity of 7.55 × 1013 and 3.1 × 105 Hz −3 dB bandwidth are also achieved. This work opens the window of high quality all‐inorganic halide perovskite polycrystalline films and can be extended to rational application of more optoelectronic devices including solar cells, photoelectrodes, and ray detectors.
Mitochondria‐Targeting IR‐780 Dye and Its Derivatives: Synthesis, Mechanisms of Action, and Theranostic Applications
Authors: Zhang Chi , Long Lei , Shi Chunmeng
Published: September 2018

Mitochondria are important targets in diverse physiological and pathological conditions associated with cell survival and death. The characterization of mitochondria‐targeting agents is highly useful to the understanding of mitochondrial functions and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. IR‐780, a prototypical near‐infrared (NIR) heptamethine cyanine dye, has been recently identified as the first mitochondria‐targeting multifunctional NIR dye, it has excellent optical imaging and therapeutic properties and is receiving increasing attention in the field of NIR theranostic applications. Although the targeting mechanisms of IR‐780 dye remain to be fully identified, emerging studies have shown that the targeting process is glycolysis dependent. Therefore, it may represent a new tool to further understand and advance the field of mitochondrial medicine and glycolytic metabolism. Several types of nanostructures also have been developed to encapsulate and deliver IR‐780 dye and its derivatives for therapeutic purposes to improve their bioavailablity and potential toxicity. IR‐780 dye and its derivatives have broadened the concept of targeted imaging and therapy and have shown promise in potential applications. In consideration of the urgent need and rapid development of targeted theranostics, the recent progress on the synthesis, mechanisms of actions, and potential applications of IR‐780‐based heptamethine dyes and nanostructures for multimodal targeted imaging and therapy is reviewed.
Comparison of Hydrodynamic Models for the Electromagnetic Nonlocal Response of Nanoparticles
Authors: Kupresak Mario , Zheng Xuezhi , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. , Moshchalkov Victor V.
Published: September 2018

Since deep nanoscale systems are increasingly studied, accurate macroscopic theories dealing with quantum mechanical effects are in high demand. Concerning the electromagnetic response of nanoplasmonic systems, several hydrodynamic models have been proposed, each introducing an additional boundary condition (ABC) to describe the behavior of the plasmonic electron cloud. Four hydrodynamic approaches with four different boundary conditions are compared: the hard wall hydrodynamic model with the Sauter ABC, the curl‐free hydrodynamic model with the Pekar ABC, the shear forces hydrodynamic model with the specular reflection ABC, and the quantum hydrodynamic model with the corresponding ABC. This is done by investigating near‐ and far‐field features of a metallic nanosphere. It is shown that different hydrodynamic models may result in an entirely different prediction of the nanoparticle's response. These models are validated by using other local and nonlocal response models and experimental results.
Near‐Infrared Semiconducting Polymer Brush and pH/GSH‐Responsive Polyoxometalate Cluster Hybrid Platform for Enhanced Tumor‐Specific Phototheranostics
Authors: Yang Zhen , Fan Wenpei , Tang Wei , Shen Zheyu , Dai Yunlu , Song Jibin , Wang Zhantong , Liu Yuan , Lin Lisen , Shan Lingling , Liu Yijing , Jacobson Orit , Rong Pengfei , Wang Wei , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2018

Tumor‐specific phototheranostics is conducive to realizing precise cancer therapy. Herein, a novel tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive phototheranostic paradigm based on the combination of semiconducting polymer brushes and polyoxometalate clusters (SPB@POM) is rationally designed. The acidic TME could drive the self‐assembly of SPB@POM into bigger aggregates for enhanced tumor retention and accumulation, while the reducing TME could significantly enhance the NIR absorption of SPB@POM for significant improvement of photoacoustic imaging contrast and photothermal therapy efficacy. Therefore, the smart pH/glutathione (GSH)‐responsive SPB@POM allows for remarkable phototheranostic enhancement under the unique TME, which has potential for precise tumor‐specific phototheranostics with minimal side effects.
Ultrastabilization of Zeolite Y Transforms Brønsted–Brønsted Acid Pairs into Brønsted–Lewis Acid Pairs
Authors: Schroeder Christian , Hansen Michael Ryan , Koller Hubert
Published: September 2018

Two pairs of Brønsted acid sites have been identified in H,Na‐Y zeolite, located in the supercage and in the sodalite cage, which upon ultrastabilization (dealumination) are transformed into pairs of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. This mild postsynthetic modification step is an important process for converting this material into an active catalyst for large‐scale commercial reactions. Pairing structures and their transformations have been investigated using 1H double‐quantum NMR spectroscopy experiments for dehydrated zeolite, H,Na‐Y, and its ultrastabilized form, H,Na‐USY. This approach enables the detection of pairs of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites with unprecedented 1H resolution and distinguishing them from isolated acid sites. The dealumination is also detected by static 27Al solid‐state NMR experiments.