bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tailored Letter Based on Electronic Health Record Data Improves Gestational Weight Gain Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Gestational Diabetes’ Effects on Moms (GEM) Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hedderson Monique M. , Brown Susan D. , Ehrlich Samantha F. , Tsai Ai-Lin , Zhu Yeyi , Quesenberry Charles P. , Crites Yvonne , Ferrara Assiamira
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

Evaluate whether a tailored letter improved gestational weight gain (GWG) and whether GWG mediated a multicomponent intervention’s effect on postpartum weight retention among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A cluster-randomized controlled trial of 44 medical facilities (n = 2,014 women) randomized to usual care or a multicomponent lifestyle intervention delivered during pregnancy (tailored letter) and postpartum (13 telephone sessions) to reduce postpartum weight retention. The tailored letter, using electronic health record (EHR) data, recommended an end-of-pregnancy weight goal tailored to prepregnancy BMI and GWG trajectory at GDM diagnosis: total GWG at the lower limit of the IOM range if BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 or the midpoint if <18.5 kg/m2 and weight maintenance if women had exceeded this. The outcomes for this study were the proportion of women meeting the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines for weekly rate of GWG from GDM diagnosis to delivery and meeting the end-of-pregnancy weight goal.

RESULTS

The tailored letter significantly increased the proportion of women meeting the IOM guidelines (72.6% vs. 67.1%; relative risk 1.08 [95% CI 1.01–1.17]); results were similar among women with BMI <25.0 kg/m2 (1.07 [1.00–1.15]) and ≥25.0 kg/m2 (1.08 [0.98–1.18]). Thirty-six percent in the intervention vs. 33.0% in usual care met the end-of-pregnancy weight goal (1.08 [0.99–1.18]); the difference was statistically significant among women with BMI <25.0 kg/m2 (1.28 [1.05–1.57]) but not ≥25.0 kg/m2 (0.99 [0.87–1.13]). Meeting the IOM guidelines mediated the effect of the multicomponent intervention in reducing postpartum weight retention by 24.6% (11.3–37.8%).

CONCLUSIONS

A tailored EHR-based letter improved GWG, which mediated the effect of a multicomponent intervention in reducing postpartum weight retention.
A salvaguarda do patrimônio negro na cidade de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Lott Wanessa Pires
Published: April 2018

O trabalho em questão sugere a análise do patrimônio cultural em Belo Horizonte ligado às identidades negras da cidade. Foram delimitados para o estudo de caso desta pesquisa os casos do tombamento da Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário do Vale do Jatobá e do Terreiro de Candomblé Ilê Wopo Olojukan. A análise dos casos propostos tem como objetivos: a discussão do tipo do patrimônio oficialmente preservado na cidade e a necessidade da preservação do patrimônio imaterial juntamente com os processo de tombamento.
Práticas de formação atentas à coletividade
Authors: Chaluh Laura Noemi , Reganham Simone Gonçalves , Pinto Keila Santos
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo socializamos a pesquisa desenvolvida em um curso de extensão vinculado aos Projetos do Núcleo de Ensino promovidos no contexto da Pró-Reitoria de Graduação da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP). Do mesmo, participaram professoras coordenadoras, vice-diretoras, coordenadoras pedagógicas, vinculadas à Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Rio Claro, e alunas do curso de Licenciatura Plena em Pedagogia da referida universidade. O curso, com encontros mensais, é oferecido desde o ano de 2012. As práticas de formação instituídas e legitimadas, ao longo desses anos, buscaram sustentar uma concepção de formação que reconhece a dimensão da coletividade como instância fundante para pensar o fazer docente responsivo perante a escola. A partir do trabalho de análise dos registros produzidos por duas participantes foi perceptível a compreensão do quanto a promoção da coletividade fortalece o grupo e, consequentemente, interfere nas ações dos participantes nos seus respectivos contextos.
Estagiários de Pedagogia na gestão universitária: do acompanhamento à relação teoria e prática
Authors: Moreira Alan Leite , Pontes Ana Paula Furtado Soares
Published: April 2018

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo caracterizar e discutir o acompanhamento do estágio não obrigatório de estudantes de Pedagogia que atuavam em setores/projetos não diretamente relacionados ao ensino em uma Universidade Federal brasileira, bem como analisar a relação teoria-prática presente nessa experiência formativa. Para isso, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com a Coordenadora de Estágio da Instituição, com os supervisores/orientadores de estágio e com os estagiários. O tratamento desses dados se deu por meio da análise de conteúdo. Evidenciou-se o distanciamento entre a Coordenação de Estágio, os supervisores/orientador-estagiários e o curso de Pedagogia, bem como a frágil relação teoria-prática.
Anthropological analysis and paleo-demographic study of human skeletal remains from the late ancient necropolis of Biverone (4th-5th c.AD), San Stino Di Livenza (Venice, Italy)
Authors: Gadioli Giulia , Scaggion Cinzia , Carrara Nicola
Published: April 2018

The study of the osteological collections preserved at the Museum of Anthropology – University of Padua coming from archaeological excavations dated to the end of 19th and 20th century, is a great opportunity to disseminate still unpublished anthropological data. The aim of this work was the analysis through modern anthropological methodology of the human skeletal remains brought to light in 1983 at the necropolis of Biverone, municipality of San Stino di Livenza (Venice, Northeast Italy). The site, close to Livenza River, began its decadence in the Late Ancient period (4th-5th c. AD) as a result of regional morphological variations and barbarian invasions, that caused an important local depopulation.

The study focused on the anthropological analysis of 121 skeletal individuals, trying to better understand the paleodemographic profile, the state of health and the way of life of the ancient population of Biverone. A preliminary identification of the ancestry was attempted, considering the general lack of information about the Late Ancient Venetian populations.
Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients – a Review of Current and Alternative Methods, Devices and Techniques
Authors: Veneva Elitsa R. , Belcheva Ani B.
Published: April 2018

Painless treatment is an integral element of quality pediatric dental care. Recent progress in the field of local anesthesia has led to development of newer agents, delivery devices and also modification in injection techniques. Their aim is to allow the clinician a treatment approach associated with the improved pain control and reduced risk of adverse effect essential for pediatric patients. This article reviews available information on current and alternative means, methods and technologies for achieving local anesthesia in pediatric patients intended to minimize the pain associated with the procedure.
Literature and traumas: the narrative of Algerian war in Un regard blessé of Rabah Belamri and La Malédiction of Rachid Mimouni
Authors: Sule Françoise , Premat Christophe
Published: April 2018

The aim of this article is to analyze the issue of trauma and literature in the context of the Algerian war, as presented in two novels by Algerian writers who use French in a multicultural way: Un regard blessé [Shattered vision] by Rabah Belamri and La Malédiction by Rachid Mimouni [the Malediction]. It will answer the following question:is it possible to see in the francophone Literature a tendency to de-structure the text in order to make it possible for a new plurality to emerge? Literature re-members culture as it points out the dark side of the Algerian history, it makes the readers understand the current situation and the heritage of the past.
Research progress of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection
Authors: Liang Quan
Published: April 2018

A liver fluke is a digenetic trematode parasitizing in the hepatic ducts of human beings or animals. Patients with liver fluke infection suffer from a series of hepatobiliary diseases. The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is significantly high in areas with a high incidence of clonorchiasis. A liver fluke is an important biocarcinogenic factor in the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma. The secretory products of the body of this parasite and long-term mechanical stimulation induce continuous inflammation of the bile duct. Gene expression of the bile duct cells is imbalanced, leading to carcinogenesis of the bile duct. This article provides a summary of recent studies on the epidemiology, clinicopathology, and molecular biology of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection.
The high-risk HPV infection and urinary system tumor
Authors: Yang Wenyan
Published: April 2018

HPV is classified into high-risk and low-risk types depending on its probability of leading to tumorigenesis. Many studies have shown that HPV infection, especially the infection caused by the high-risk type, is always related to prostate cancer, bladder cancer, penile cancer, testicular cancer, and other urinary system tumors. However, previous studies differed in sexual openness and racial genetic susceptibility of the study object, sample size, and experimental methods. Hence, the correlation between high-risk HPV infection and urinary system tumors remains controversial. The early open reading frame of the HPV genome is composed of E1–E7, among which E6 and E7 are the key transfer proteins. The combination of these proteins with oncogene and anti-oncogene may be one of the mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis.
Role of SR-BI in atherosclerosis, malignancies, and infectious diseases
Authors: An Zhe
Published: April 2018

Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a high-affinity receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The primary role of this receptor is the selective uptake of HDLs in the liver through reverse cholesterol transport. SR-BI interacts with HDL to regulate lipid metabolism and affects various vascular cell functions involved in atherosclerosis (As). In addition, SR-BI is involved in the development of malignant tumors and infectious diseases. This article reviews the function and potential therapeutic targets of SR-BI in As, malignancies, and infectious diseases.
Performance comparison of different control strategies for heat exchanger networks
Authors: Mahitthimahawong Siwaporn , Chotvisut Yada , Srinophakun Thongchai
Published: April 2018

In this article, the dynamic responses of heat exchanger networks to disturbance and setpoint change were studied. Various control strategies, including: proportional integral, model predictive control, passivity approach, and passivity-based model predictive control were used to monitor all outlet temperatures. The performance of controllers was analyzed through two procedures: 1) inducing a ±5% step disturbance in the supply temperature, or 2) tracking a ±5°C target temperature. The performance criteria used to evaluate these various control modes was settling time and percentage overshoot. According to the results, the passivity-based model predictive controllers produced the best performance to reject the disturbance and the model predictive control proved to be the best controller to track the setpoint. Whereas, the ensuing performance results of both the PI and passivity controllers were discovered to be only acceptable.
Enhancement the conditioning of waste activated sludge through a sequence of freeze/thaw-electro-Fenton process
Authors: Shahheidar Narjes , Jorfi Sahand , Takdastan Afshin , Jaafarzadeh Neemat , Ahmadi Mehdi
Published: April 2018

Sludge conditioning is an important stage in sludge management. In the present study, a sequence of freeze/thaw-electro-Fenton process was designed and specific resistance filtration (SRF) was monitored during sludge conditioning as an important factor in sludge dewaterability. Furthermore, protein and polysaccharide concentrations were measured during the experiments. Results showed that the lowest SRF value contributed to −10°C in freezing process which showed a reducing trend by decreasing solution pH. In addition, results revealed that solution pH less than 3 caused a significant improvement in sludge dewatering; so the lowest SRF has been registered at pH = 2. By increasing current intensity from 0.5 to 1A, SRF values were reduced and then followed by an enhancement with increasing current intensity to 3.2 A. The lowest SRF value (6.1 × 104 m/kg) was obtained at H2O2 = 30 mg/L which was the best conditions for sludge dewatering.
Titania/mesoporous silica nanotubes with efficient photocatalytic properties
Authors: Cendrowski Krzysztof
Published: April 2018

Ordered nanocrystalline titania-mesoporous silica nanotube structures are synthesized by hydrolysis of the titania precursor inside pours silica shell. Silica coating surrounding carbon nanotubes was further removed by thermal reduction. The proposed method of functionalization silica channels with the titania nanoparticles preclude aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles. The nanocrystalline silica/titania (mt-SiO2/TiO2) nanotubes were prepared according to the describe method has high specific surface area and possesses excellent photocatalytic properties capable of decomposing phenol and methylene blue in a short time. Since the nanocrystalline TiO2 is produced in the wall of the mesoporous silica tube, phenol or dye molecules can react with TiO2 nanoparticles from both the inside and outside.
The History of Bone Tumour Treatment and the State of the Art in Vienna
Authors: Kotz Rainer
Published: April 2018

Purposes:Bone tumours have been a tragedy for the patient in any time period. In the majority of the cases it occurs in children or young adults. In the past the affected limbs could not be spared and the overall prognosis was poor.

Methods:Chemotherapy successfully introduced for the purpose of overcoming the poor overall prognosis (Rosen and Jaffe) and tumour prostheses were invented for the purpose of salvaging the affected limbs (Marcove, Scales, Campanacci, Sivas, Salzer).

According to the Vienna Tumour Registry in 1968, the first custom-made Vitallium prosthesis for the proximal femur was implanted in a parosteal osteosarcoma.

Results: In Vienna, as a result of the successful chemotherapy the surgical methods for bone tumours changed to limb sparing methods also. A modular ceramic prosthesis for the proximal humerus was introduced by Salzer. From 1975 -1982 16 custom-made endoprosthesis (1) for the knee region were implanted which were replaced by the KMFTR in 1982 (2, Kotz modular femur tibia reconstruction system) which was introduced at the “2nd ISOLS” to an international group of experts. The successful system was followed by the HMRS (Howmedica modular resection system) in 1988. At that time, especially in children, the rotation-plasty of Borgreve was adopted for tumours of the knee region (2). A scientific survey of 70 patients with rotation-plasty until 1991 showed excellent clinical and oncologic results. Later a similar approach was used in upper extremity tumours as “resection replantation” with surprisingly good results. Sophisticated technologies with growing mechanisms allowed the use of endoprostheses even in children (3) for the purpose of substitution since the mutilating rotation-plasty in 1996.

Conclusion: For almost 100 years efforts have been undertaken to improve the treatment of bone tumours. Surgery was aiming to keep the function of the limbs by tumour resection instead of amputation. Together with successful chemotherapy, which saves lives, an adequate surgery could stepwise salvage the function of the limb. Body integrity was the final aim for the diseased. Finally, by the effort of the International Societies like ISOLS and EMSOS the survival of malignant bone tumour patients improved from 20% to 80 % with good function quality by sophisticated operative techniques and improved tumour prostheses.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Direct Determination of Diazepam in Whole Blood and Serum – Optimization of Solid-Phase Extraction Method
Authors: Zendelovska Dragica , Pavlovska Kristina , Atanasovska Emilija , Gjorgjievska Kalina , Petrusevska Marija
Published: April 2018

Herein, we present a simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with UV-detection for the direct determination of diazepam in whole blood and serum that can be used for monitoring diazepam levels in clinical samples analysis. The isolation of diazepam and the internal standard bromazepam from serum and whole blood samples was performed using solid phase extraction method with RP select B cartridges. The analytes were separated employing a reversed phase C8 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.1 % (V/V) triethylamine in water (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (63:37, V/V). UV detection was carried out at 240 nm. Linearity was achieved in the range from 10.0-1000.0 ng/ml for serum and whole blood. The method was applied to spiked and real biological samples after an oral administration of 10 mg diazepam. In conclusion, the proposed method is simple, rapid and provides efficient clean-up of the complex biological matrix and high recovery of diazepam.
Comparison of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Determination of Left Ventricle Volumes and Ejection Fraction in Adult Population
Authors: Bushljetikj Oliver , Georgievska-Ismail Ljubica
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Left ventricle (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) determined with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) show significant differences.The aim of this study is to determine the agreement of the measurements of LV volumes and EF with 2DE and 3DE in the general adult population, with preserved LV systolic function.

Material and methods: In 52 subjects, older than 65 years, LV end-diastolic volume index (EDVi), end-systolic volume index (ESVi) and EF were measured with 2DE and 3DE according to the official recommendations, and reproducibility of both methods and their agreement were determined.

Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient for intra-observer reproducibility in the measurement of EDVi, ESVi and EF with 2DE was 0.861, 0.891 and 0.917 respectively, whereas with 3DE 0.854, 0.893 and 0.913, respectively. The difference in the measurement of EDVi and ESVi was significant (p<0.001) whereas the measurement of EF was insignificant (p=0.153). The mean difference value EDVi and ESVi determined with 2DE and 3DE was 5.6+/-5.21 and 3.01+/-2.69 ml/m2 (p<0.001), and of EF 0.306+/-1.475%. Spearman’s correlation coefficient for EDV was 0.693, for ESV 0.763 and for EF 0.97.

Conclusion: Larger LV volumes were measured in the adult population using 3DE compared to 2DE, but identical values for EF were obtained. This difference in the measured values could not be attributed to the largeness of the LV volume and EF itself.. 3DE demonstrated better intra-observer reproducibility for LV volumes and EF as a major parameter in many clinical decisions.
Craniosynostosis: Acrocephalosyndactyly (Apert Syndrome) Diagnosed in a Newborn
Authors: Stomnaroska Orhideja , Danilovski Dragan , Ivanovska Sanja
Published: April 2018

We report a 10 days old newborn with brachycephaly, midfacial hypoplasia, syndactyly and broad distal phalanx of thumb and big toe. At the 20th gestational weeks an enlargement of the left cerebral ventricle and malformation of the fingers of the hands and toes were noticed on a regular ultrasound examination. The aforementioned malformations were observed at birth and at the age of 11 months. The large fontal was closed; the small one was palpable at the tip of the finger. Brachycephaly was evident with high full forehead, flat occiput, and irregular craniosynostosis especially at the coronal suture. Cutaneous syndactyly was present at both hands (fingers II-V), with almost complete fusion of the second, third and fourth fingers. Distal phalanges of the thumbs were broad as well as distal hallux. There was cutaneous syndactyly of the feet. Mental development at the age of 11 months was normal.

Apert syndrome is a sporadic disorder. Rarely, inheritance is autosomal dominant. Appropriate management includes surgical treatment of the syndactylies, follow up of the eventual airway compromise and hearing difficulties. This is a report of a patient identified as a newborn.
Recurrent Property Taxes in Communal Budgets – Identification of Types of Communes and their Spatial Differentiation
Authors: Trojanek Maria , Kisiała Wojciech
Published: April 2018

The main aim of this paper is to identify differences between Polish communes as regards their revenues from property taxes. To this end, we distinguished and described types of communes with similar configurations of features under analysis (incomes from real property tax, agricultural tax and forest tax). In the research procedure, we applied methods of multidimensional analysis, with particular emphasis on cluster analysis. The research was conducted on the basis of aggregated (to eliminate random fluctuations) values of income from properties in the years 2013-2015. On the basis of typological classification, we distinguished six clusters (groups) of communes of different quantitative characteristics of budget revenues from property taxes. We identified specific regularities in the distribution of the distinguished commune types.
Conditional Model of Real Estate Valuation for Land Located in Different Land Use Zones
Authors: Bieda Agnieszka
Published: April 2018

Abstract*

Real estate valuation is carried out correctly if it takes into account all the conditions occurring on a given market at the time of its performance. One of the important determinants of correct valuation is the proper determination of the land use class of the property being valued. It is equally important to find similar properties with the same land use classes as the property subjected to valuation. This does not pose a problem when a property is located within an area with one specific land use zone. If, however, its land use zoning is not homogeneous, finding similar properties may be difficult.

If those contained in the database of comparable properties differ from the real estate being valued with regard to land uses of individual areas or proportions of areas with a specific use, it is suggested to divide transaction prices obtained for the whole property into components of those prices that correspond to the fragments of this property with specific land uses. In this paper, the conditional model has been used for this purpose.
The Interaction between American and European IRS Interest Rates
Authors: Verga Giovanni , Trani Federica , Vasilcovschi Nicoleta
Published: April 2018

European interest rates movements are affected by various internal and external factors. This paper studies the link between European and American short- and long-term interest rates. In particular, we consider the forward interest rates coming from euro and dollar IRS term structures. The econometric techniques employed are co-integration, Granger-causality, OLS and GMM. Our results indicate that European remote settlement forward and long-term interest rates are primarily driven by US rates and confirm that the causality acts mainly from the US to the Eurozone. This was true even during the recent periods of European Central Bank quantitative easing. These factors weaken the ECB’s ability to intervene. In fact, we found the impact of American monetary policy on long-term interest rates to be also relevant for European bonds.
A proposal of Multimedia Steganography Algorithm based on Improved Least Significant Bit (LSB) Method
Authors: Dheyauldeen Najeeb Huda , Tahseen Ali Israa
Published: April 2018

Because of the rapid development and use of the Internet as a communication media emerged to need a high level of security during data transmission and one of these ways is "Steganography". This paper reviews the Least Signification Bit steganography used for embedding text file with related image in gray-scale image. As well as we discuss the bit plane which is divided into eight different images when combination them we get the actual image. The findings of the research was the stego-image is indistinguishable to the naked eye from the original cover image when the value of bit less than four Thus we get to the goal is to cover up the existence of a connection or hidden data. The Peak to Signal Noise Ratio(PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE) value is calculated so that the quality of the cover image before and after the data hiding is evaluated.
Comparing the Main Approaches of Image Segmentation
Authors: Amir Abdullah Karim Abdul , Ali Sameer Rafal
Published: April 2018

Images are important medium for conveying information; this makes improvement of image processing techniques also important. Interpretation of image content is one of the objectives of image processing techniques. Image interpretation that segments the image to number of objects called image segmentation. Image segmentation is an important field to deal with the contents of images and get non overlapping regions coherent in texture and color, it is important to deal only with objects with significant information. This paper presents survey of the most commonly used approaches of image segmentation and the results of those approaches have been compared and according to the measurement of quality presented in this paper the Otsu's threshold method give the best result with less time.
La expansión urbana y la segregación socio-espacial en Santiago. Dimensiones territoriales del fenómeno contemporáneo
Authors: Münzenmayer Henríquez Joseph
Published: April 2018

La ciudad es un fenómeno complejo y multidimensional que para comprenderla se hace necesario remontar hacia la época premoderna en Europa, periodo que fue decisivo para consolidar estos espacios tal como los conocemos actualmente. La llegada de la Revolución Industrial en el siglo XVIII reconfiguró estos espacios por la masiva migración campo-ciudad y por los cambios en los modos de producción. Para el siglo XIX y principios del XX, la ciudad se estableció como un espacio de exhibición, a través de un urbanismo que buscó impresionar, en el que se demarcaron las desigualdades socioespaciales. Posteriormente, con la consolidación del capitalismo mundial, estos espacios se han constituido en “Ciudades Globales”, caracterizadas por su alta competencia y atractividad. Sin embargo, la globalización ha generado una ciudad frágil, donde las desigualdades socioterritoriales se han agudizado y Santiago de Chile es una muestra clara de este proceso. De esta manera, se hace un breve recorrido por los instrumentos de planificación de Santiago, donde se aprecia que en los últimos 30 años esta ciudad ha crecido tanto superficial como demográficamente de manera considerable, principalmente gracias a las políticas neoliberales que han desregulado y han ampliado el límite urbano, generando una ciudad morfológicamente discontinua, segregada y altamente desigual en cuanto a la accesibilidad infraestructura y servicios.

Palabras clave: Ciudades y capitalismo, desarrollo y planificación urbana, globalización, segregación socio-espacial.
Política de vivienda social en El Bosque. Municipio y experiencias de comités de vivienda en el contexto del estado subsidiario (2006-2014)
Authors: González Rodríguez Miguel
Published: April 2018

Este artículo presenta una experiencia de trabajo desarrollada en la comuna de El Bosque, en relación a la política de vivienda social y las experiencias de comités de vivienda que se generaron en este territorio. En este sentido, se hace una observación a la política habitacional en Chile y los sectores populares, contextualizado en el período posdictatorial y la continuidad de un estado subsidiario. De esta manera se observan las formas en que el municipio de la comuna de El Bosque aborda el tema con la creación de la EGIS Municipal en el año 2008, construyendo posibilidades de interacción en materia de vivienda con comités en etapa de postulación y ejecución de proyectos. Asimismo, se observa la organización de los comités de vivienda en un contexto territorial e histórico entre el año 2006 a 2014, constando los problemas que se desarrollaron durante el gobierno de Sebastián Piñera, representante de la derecha política chilena. De este modo, esperamos que el registro de experiencia contribuya al debate sobre los gobiernos locales, políticas de vivienda de social y la práctica de agentes comunitarios de los territorios locales en la ciudad de Santiago.  

Palabras clave: Subsidios, vivienda social, municipio, gestión social.
HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERSâ€™ EXPERIENCES OF GANGSTERISM IN HANOVER PARK
Authors: Magidi Mufaro , Schenk Rinie , Erasmus Charlene
Published: April 2018

The culture of gang violence has become deeply entrenched in South Africa. The present study explored the experiences of non-gang school-going adolescents regarding gangs and gangsterism in Hanover Park in the Western Cape. A qualitative exploratory approach was used. Data collection instruments were focus group discussions supported by qualitative semi-structured interviews involving 18 adolescents between the ages of 16 and 18 from two secondary schools in Hanover Park, Cape Town. The data were thematically analysed. The results have shown that the presence of gangs affects the learnersâ€™ school attendance, restricts their mobility, increases bullying at school and seriously disrupts family and community life.
Wage Indexation - The Australian Experience
Authors: Plowman David
Published: April 2018

Wage indexation, a process whereby "wages (or significant elements of them) are regularly adjusted to movements of a prices index" was introduced into Australia as a form of incomes policy. The perceived need for such a policy emanated from economic and political realities. Inflation, running at 2.4% per annum in 1969 gradually increased to 7.1% in 1972, the year in which Labour gained office. Thereafter it rapidly moved into double digit figures and by the end of 1974 was running at nearly 20% Cost push factors were seen by many as the key catalysts in bringing about this economic disequilibrium. This reflected poorly on the government's ability to control such costs, particularly labour costs which increased spectacularly. In the year ending July 1974 male award rates rose by a record 27.3% while female rates, propelled by the phasing in of equal pay, increased by 39.2%
La Efectividad de la Enseñanza de la Pronunciación Asistida por Ordenador en el Logro de la Capacidad Verbal en Inglés de los Estudiantes de la Escuela Secundaria Superior
Authors: Gambari Amosa Isiaka , Usman Kutigi Amina , Fagbemi Patricia O.
Published: April 2018

En este estudio se investigó  la efectividad de la Enseñanza de la Pronunciación Asistida por Ordenador (EPAO) en el logro de la capacidad verbal en inglés de los estudiantes de la Escuela Secundaria Superior en Minna, Nigeria. También examinó la influencia de la Enseñanza de la Pronunciación Asistida por Ordenador (EPAO) teniendo en cuenta el  género y la capacidad verbal de los estudiantes. La muestra consistió en sesenta estudiantes de secundaria de dos escuelas secundarias mixtas dentro de la metrópoli de Minna. Se utilizó muestreo aleatorio estratificado para seleccionar a los 60 estudiantes de cada escuela; 15 hombres y 15 mujeres; 10 estudiantes con nivel alto de inglés, 10 estudiantes nivel intermedio y 10 estudiantes nivel bajo. La prueba de inglés consistió en 50 preguntas de selección múltiple, validadas por expertos y aplicadas a los estudiantes como pre-prueba, post-prueba y un cuestionario posterior a la prueba. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante el análisis estadístico t test, análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba post-hoc de Scheffe. Los resultados revelaron que a los estudiantes que recibieron clases de producción oral en inglés usando el  paquete EPAO se desempeñan y retienen los conceptos orales de ingles mejor que aquellos a quienes se les enseñó con el método de enseñanza tradicional. Estudiantes con alta capacidad verbal se desempeñaron mejor que los estudiantes de media y baja capacidad verbal respectivamente. Sin embargo, no existía ninguna diferencia significativa entre los puntajes medios de rendimiento de las pruebas posteriores aplicadas a hombres y mujeres usando el paquete de enseñanza de pronunciación asistida por ordenador (EPAO). Estos resultados indicaron que los conceptos orales de inglés pueden ser enseñados y aprendidos mejor mediante la integración de un conjunto de recursos de enseñanza de pronunciación asistida por ordenador.
El Arte como Medio para Facilitar el Bilingüismo y Biculturalismo: Sugerencias desde una Revisión de la Literatura
Authors: Daniel Mayra C. , Huizenga- McCoy Mary
Published: April 2018

Esta revisión de la literatura explora críticamente los caminos al aprendizaje que el arte visual provee a  los maestros,  especialmente a  los que tienen estudiantes que están aprendiendo  un segundo idioma en sus aulas. El artículo está dividido en siete secciones, en las cuales el autor presenta resultados de investigaciones previas que apoyan la premisa de que las imágenes visuales facilitan los procesos cognitivos de los estudiantes.  Las investigaciones citadas indican claramente que a los estudiantes les beneficia  dibujar e involucrarse en actividades visuales antes de redactar,  lo cual facilita la adquisición de un segundo idioma y  promueve  la alfabetización en la primera y segunda lengua.
El Uso de la Lengua Materna en el Salón de la Clase de Inglés: Un Apoyo para la Adquisición de una Segunda Lengua
Authors: Salmona Madriñan Mara
Published: April 2018

Esta investigación acción fue desarrollada con el fin de identificar el rol de la primera lengua en el salón de clase con un programa de inmersión a la segunda lengua. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en un colegio internacional colombiano caracterizado por su programa bilingüe de inmersión al inglés. El objetivo de esta investigación era identificar si el uso de la lengua materna en el salón de clase aumenta la comprensión y facilita así el proceso de adquisición de la segunda lengua. Para desarrollar esta investigación, se desarrollaron dos planeadores de clase: el primero usando inglés únicamente durante la instrucción y el desarrollo de la actividad, y el segundo alternando entre español e inglés durante la instrucción y el desarrollo de la actividad. Los resultados demuestran que los estudiantes sí se benefician del uso de la primera lengua puesto que pueden transferir conceptos de su lengua materna al nuevo idioma.
Retroalimentación entre Pares en un Proceso de Revisión Anónima por Pares en un Curso de Escritura de Inglés como Lengua Extranjera en España
Authors: Coté Robert A.
Published: April 2018

El presente estudio reporta los resultados de un proceso de retroalimentación entre pares mediante el proceso de revisión anónima por pares en un curso de escritura de inglés como lengua extranjera. Se han realizado numerosos estudios sobre los beneficios de la revisión por pares en los cursos de escritura de inglés como segunda lengua / inglés como lengua extranjera. Sin embargo, la literatura también identifica diversos aspectos sociales que pueden afectar negativamente el resultado de la revisión por pares cara a cara. En este estudio, 25 de los estudiantes se matricularon en un curso de escritura expositiva en un programa de inglés intensivo de una universidad estadounidense con sede en Madrid, España. Los estudiantes asistieron a 25 horas de instrucción en  inglés por semana con la finalidad de aprovechar al máximo los beneficios de la revisión por pares anónimos o doble ciego. Se esperaba que al reducir las interferencias sociales, los participantes estarían obligados a enfocarse en el tipo y número de correcciones realizadas en el ensayo por un compañero anónimo, así como para mejorar el tipo y número de correcciones que el par incorpora en el ensayo original. Los resultados indicaron que  los escritores aceptaron la mayoría de los cambios sugeridos por el par en el proceso de revisión (70%), lo cual indica que se presenta una tasa de aceptación sin precedentes en el área de estudio.
Estrategias de Compensación: Seguimiento al Nivel de Avance de la Expresión Oral de los Estudiantes de Inglés como Lengua Extranjera
Authors: Karbalaei Alireza , Negin Taji Tania
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo intenta determinar las estrategias de compensación utilizadas por los estudiantes iraníes de primaria a través de la expresión oral. La población objetivo del estudio fueron 120 estudiantes (hombres y mujeres) de primaria, cuyas edades oscilaban entre los 11 y los 25 años, en un instituto de inglés en Rostam, Irán. Se aplicó el examen estandarizado de inglés KET para homogenizar la muestra. Después de la administración del examen de competencia, algunos exámenes orales consistían en diferentes temas de lengua, los cuales fueron administrados en la primera y en las siguientes sesiones del curso con el propósito de observar e identificar las estrategias de compensación usadas por los estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera con el mismo nivel de competencia. Se utilizaron estrategias de compensación correspondientes a la tipología Oxford para el diseño de la lista de control, en aras de facilitar la rápida grabación de estrategias de compensación observadas en el examen oral. Los temas asignados a los estudiantes para el examen oral sirvieron simplemente como una oportunidad para observar las estrategias de compensación usadas por los estudiantes. Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes iraníes tienden a usar varios tipos de estrategias de compensación para comunicar el significado exacto de lo que pretenden transmitir.
Centros de Biliteracidad basados en el Uso de la Tecnología para el Estudiante del Siglo XXI
Authors: Mercuri Sandra , Ramos Laura
Published: April 2018

El objetivo de este artículo de reflexión es presentar una alternativa que incorpore las cuatro competencias lingüísticas (escuchar, hablar, leer y escribir) a las áreas de contenido a través de centros de biliteracidad  basados en el uso de la tecnología para estudiantes bilingües emergentes de primaria. Las autoras proponen una matriz para planificar los centros e incluyen tres ejemplos para facilitar la transferencia del lenguaje de inglés a español y viceversa, en aras de fomentar la biliteracidad de los estudiantes.  La planificación de los tres proyectos es discutido así como los resultados de su implementación con estudiantes de primaria.
Una Comparación del Efecto del Uso de Anotaciones de Texto-Imagen y Audio-Imagen para Facilitar la Recordación de Vocabulario en Segunda Lengua en Estudiantes Iraníes de Inglés como Lengua Extranjera
Authors: Karbalaei Alireza , Sattari Ali , Nezami Ziba
Published: April 2018

El presente estudio comparó el efecto del uso de anotaciones multimedia de texto-imagen y anotaciones de audio-imagen para facilitar la recordación de vocabulario en segunda lengua en estudiantes iraníes de inglés como lengua extranjera. Los participantes fueron seleccionados de dos aulas de clases de 80estudiantes de nivel avanzado de inglés de un instituto de idiomas en Irán. El nivel de inglés de los participantes se determinó a partir de sus calificaciones en la prueba de proficiencia PET. Fueron seleccionados 62 estudiantes para el estudio general y posteriormente fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos gruposexperimentales: grupo de anotaciones de texto, grupo de anotaciones de audio y un grupo de control. Después de responder la prueba de vocabulario, los participantes hicieron clic en las palabras desconocidas para tener acceso a las anotaciones disponibles mientras realizaban la lectura. El grupo de estudiantes que utilizaron anotaciones de texto- imagen pudo visualizar la explicación textual y la descripción pictórica y el grupo que utilizó anotaciones de audioimagen pudo ver la descripción pictórica y escuchar una explicación oral. Al terminar la lectura, los estudiantes finalizaron el examen final. Los resultados del estudio demostraron que el uso de anotaciones de audio-imagen es más eficaz que el uso de anotaciones texto-imagen para la recordación inmediata de vocabulario en segunda lengua. Los resultados sugieren que el proporcionar anotaciones de texto o audio de nuevas palabras puede ayudar a recordar vocabulario nuevo al leer.
La Relación entre Lenguaje, Cultura y Sociedad: El Posicionamiento de los Profesores de Inglés como Lengua Extranjera en la Sociedad
Authors: Olan Elsie L. , Belló Paula
Published: April 2018

Este artículo presenta un análisis de las opciones profesionales de los profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera y su posicionamiento social en diferentes regiones del mundo. Las investigadoras realizaron una investigación cualitativa basada en narrativas con el propósito de analizar, comprender e interpretar la relación que existe entre lenguaje, cultura y sociedad en el posicionamiento identificado por los profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera en el mundo. La teoría del posicionamiento y la investigación narrativa fueron usadas como marco teórico para el estudio, y las herramientas de recolección de datos incluyeron reflexiones, narrativas y contranarrativas. Las narrativas personales de los profesores reflejan su fuerza ilocucionaría a través de la cual expresan su posicionamiento como agentes con autoridad y empoderamiento.
La Relación entre Formación Docente, Acceso Recursos, Experiencia Docente y Desarrollo Profesional en la Autoeficacia Percibida por los Docentes en la Enseñanza de la Lectura en Inglés como Segunda Lengua
Authors: Kraut Rachel , Chandler Tara , Hertenstein Kathleen
Published: April 2018

A través del enfoque de métodos mixtos, este estudio recolectó información actualizada de la percepción de los docentes de IEP sobre la autoeficacia en la enseñanza de la lectura en inglés como segunda lengua y los factores que podrían afectar el proceso. El análisis estadístico de las encuestas muestra una serie de relaciones entre los factores explorados: años de experiencia docente, autoeficacia percibida, grado de formación inicial docente, grado de desarrollo profesional, y disponibilidad de recursos. Para detallar las experiencias de los docentes se discutieron las entrevistas de seguimiento. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la necesidad de los programas de formación de profesores deinglés como segunda lengua de dedicar un mayor esfuerzo en la preparación de profesores para enseñar de manera efectiva habilidades de lectura.
Transnacionales Convirtiéndose en Docentes de Inglés en México: Efectos de la Mediación Lingüística y la Formación de la Identidad
Authors: Mora Pablo Irasema , Rivas Rivas Leonardo Arturo , Lengeling M. Martha , Crawford Troy
Published: April 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar los efectos de la mediación del lenguaje en la formación de identidad dentro del núcleo familiar de estudiantes que han vivido en los Estados Unidos por un periodo de tiempo y han regresado a vivir a México. Los participantes son seis estudiantes que actualmente están cursando un programa de pregrado en licenciatura en enseñanza del inglés en una universidad pública en el centro de México. Los hallazgos a partir de entrevistas, siguiendo un enfoque narrativo, parecen indicar que las experiencias de estos participantes como mediadores del lenguaje son altamente valoradas cuando deciden convertirse en profesores de inglés. La mayoría de ellos deciden convertirse en profesores porque quieren ayudar a otros a aprender el idioma y traen esas experiencias al salón de clases.
The Paradigm of Critical Realism and Involving Educators in Policy Debates
Authors: Parra Juan David
Published: April 2018

Education policy debates in Colombia often exclude the voice of professional educators. The aim of this paper is to introduce Critical Realism as an alternative to dominant social research paradigms that enables the possibility of more inclusive education policies. The ontic and epistemic elements of CR make a call for an inter-paradigmatic dialogue to retrieve causal explanations by providing scientific value to first-hand living experiences of social actors. In the end, different researchers (i.e. statisticians and school teachers) have a crucial, but differentiated, role, in the quest for scientific discovery.
Foreign Language Learning Strategies in the Context of STEM Education
Authors: Han Turgay
Published: April 2018

This study aims at providing an insightful evaluation of the EFL strategies used by firstyear STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) students, and their perceptions of their own use of strategies. The 147 participants were undergraduate level, first-year engineering students at a state university in Turkey. Their ages ranged from 18 to 24. They took the Young Learners’ Language Strategy Use Survey (LSS). In addition, a sub-sample of students was interviewed about the strategies they used in learning language skills. The results showed that the students tended to employ various strategies in learning different language skills, but did not frequently use or practice these strategies. Further, vocabulary strategies and pronunciation skills were believed to be effective in conveying and deciphering meaning. These results suggest that language learning strategy training should be provided in STEM education.
Effects of Tasks on Spoken Interaction and Motivation in English Language Learners
Authors: Carrero Pérez Nubia Patricia
Published: April 2018

Task based learning (TBL) or Task based learning and teaching (TBLT) is a communicative approach widely applied in settings where English has been taught as a foreign language (EFL). It has been documented as greatly useful to improve learners’ communication skills. This research intended to find the effect of tasks on students’ spoken interaction in English and motivation towards speaking English in the classroom. Thirty-five adolescent tenth grade students from a public school in Bogota, Colombia, participated in the study. They reported positive influence of tasks in their English oral interaction improvement as well as on their motivation towards speaking English in the classroom.
Task-based Learning and Language Proficiency in a Business University
Authors: Newsom-Ray Amelia Chloe Caroline , Rutter Sarah Jane
Published: April 2018

This project adds to the growing body of empirical research focusing on the effects of task-based learning (TBL) on second language acquisition. Through the design and implementation of two business English case studies, in which learning was scaffolded through a sequence of tasks, the authors argue that a TBL approach to language teaching more effectively engages students and promotes greater oral language proficiency than traditional approaches. The authors argue that guiding students to utilise and combine their existing knowledge and skills with vocabulary and structures presented in class to solve case study problems has the potential to result in greater student confidence and, subsequently, greater language proficiency. Nevertheless, various factors can significantly reduce the successfulness of TBL in this context, including disparate learner profiles in cultural and business knowledge, life experiences, motivation, as well as constraints in terms of time and institutional assessment.