bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlates of condom use among male university students from eastern China who engage in casual sex
Authors: Chen Weiyong , Zhou Xin , Ma Qiaoqin , He Lin , Chen Wanjun , Guo Zhihong , Chen Lin
Published: May 2023

Consistent condom use with casual partners is critical for preventing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among male university students. This study aimed to determine the level of consistent condom use and explore the correlates of condom use consistency in male university students in eastern China. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in 13 universities in Zhejiang Province, which involved the recruitment of 31,674 students by stratified random sampling. Among them, 545 male students who engaged in casual sex in the year prior to this study were included. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the correlates associated with consistent condom use. Among the 545 male university students, only 205 (37.6%) consistently used condoms in the previous year. The following correlates were associated with higher rates of consistent condom use: 1) Knowledge, specifically, the number of correct answers to “HIV infection can be determined by appearance” (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21–3.49); 2) never finding casual partners on the internet during the past over the prior year (AOR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40–0.99); 3) never drinking alcohol before casual sex during the last over the prior year (AOR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.20–0.46); 4) never engaging in commercial sex (AOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34–0.96); and 5) high condom self-efficacy score (AOR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.44–4.49). The study found a low level of consistent condom use among male university students. Promoting condom self-efficacy, reducing web-based casual sex, drinking before sex, and commercial sex are essential to improving the level of consistent condom use among male university students to reduce the transmission of HIV.
Determinants of WHO recommended COVID-19 prevention measures among pregnant women attending antenatal care during the third wave of COVID-19 in eastern Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Alemayehu Astawus , Yusuf Mohammed , Demissie Abebaw , Abdullahi Yasin , Oljira Lemessa , Assefa Nega
Published: May 2023

Background

The novel coronavirus disease has emerged as the most pressing global health issue. In women with COVID-19 disease, pregnancy confers a substantial additional risk of morbidity and mortality.

Objective

This study aimed to assess WHO-recommended COVID-19 prevention practices and determinant factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care during the third wave of COVID-19 in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

An Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women attending antenatal care in Harar, from October 10 to November 10, 2021. The sample size was proportionally allocated to all healthcare facilities, then the study participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Descriptive summary statistics were done. Logistic regression analyses were computed to identify associations between dependent and independent variables. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared statistically significant.

Result

Out of 422 pregnant women, 61.6% of them had good WHO Recommended COVID-19 Prevention Practices. Those with age 25–34 years (AOR: 9.7, 95%CI: 4.8, 19.3), age 35–44 years (AOR:4.8, 95%CI: 2.6, 9.03), monthly income > 10,000 ETB (AOR: 9.4, 95%CI: 2.1, 42.1), being a student (AOR: 10, 95%CI: 2.3, 47.1), having a good level of knowledge (AOR: 2.3, 95%CI:1.4, 3.8), and having ≥10 family members (AOR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.9) were found to have a significant association with WHO recommended prevention practice among pregnant women.

Conclusion

Overall, the WHO-recommended COVID-19 prevention practice among pregnant women attending antenatal care was good, but it needs improvement. In order to improve prevention practices among pregnant women, Harari Regional Health Bureau and other stakeholders should provide repeated, targeted, and tailored information to pregnant women and the community at large through different media.
Correlates of the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among adults living with HIV in Dodoma region, central Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nyundo Azan A.
Published: May 2023

Background

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to manifest despite advancements and improved antiretroviral therapy coverage. Neurocognitive impairment is a significant predictor of poor prognosis related to poor antiretroviral therapy adherence and retention in HIV care.

Methods

This cross-sectional study examined 397 participants attending cared for and treatment at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital (DRRH) and selected by systematic sampling. The combination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), and The Lawton Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) were used to assess HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Factors associated with HAND were determined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Of 397 participants, 234(59.1%) met the criteria for HAND with 231(58.2%) comprising asymptomatic neurocognitive disorder (ANI) or mild neurocognitive disorders (MND), and 3 (0.76%) HIV- associated dementia (HAD). Participants with HAND had significantly poorer performance in each cognitive domain on both MoCA and IHDS. Under multivariable regression, age of 55 years or above with Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 3.5 (95%CI: 1.1, 11.6), p = 0.041 and female gender (AOR): 2.7 (95%CI: 1, 6, 4.5), p<0.001 were significantly associated with HAND. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy AOR: 0.4(95%CI: 0.2, 1.0), p = 0.044, and attaining primary education AOR: 0.3(95%CI: 0.1, 0.8), p = 0.01 or secondary education AOR: 0.1(95%CI: 0.03, 0.2), p<0.001 compared to having no formal education showed good cognitive performance.

Conclusion

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are common in HIV, especially ANI and MND, are common in HIV infected Tanzanians. Both socio-demographic and clinical variables influence neurocognitive functioning in this population. Screening for mild neurocognitive disorders may be indicated if effective treatment becomes available.
Genetic diversity, distribution, and structure of Bemisia tabaci whitefly species in potential invasion and hybridization regions of East Africa
Authors: Ally Hadija M. , Hamss Hajar El , Simiand Christophe , Maruthi M. N. , Colvin John , Delatte Helene
Published: May 2023

Outbreaks of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci species in East and Central Africa, have become increasingly prevalent during the previous 25 years and are responsible for driving the spread of plant-virus diseases, such as cassava mosaic disease and cassava brown steak disease. Epidemics of these diseases have expanded their ranges over the same period, spreading from Uganda into other sub-Saharan African countries. It was hypothesised that a highly abundant ‘invader’ population of B. tabaci was responsible for spreading these diseases from Uganda to neighbouring countries and potentially hybridising with the resident cassava B. tabaci populations. Here, we test this hypothesis by investigating the molecular identities of the highly abundant cassava B. tabaci populations from their supposed origin in Uganda, to the northern, central, eastern and coastal regions of Tanzania. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) barcoding sequences and nuclear microsatellite markers were used to analyse the population genetic diversity and structure of 2734 B. tabaci collected from both countries and in different agroecological zones. The results revealed that: (i) the putative SSA1 species is structured according to countries, so differ between them. (ii) Restricted gene flow occurred between SSA1–SG3 and both other SSA1 subgroups (SG1 and SG2), even in sympatry, demonstrating strong barriers to hybridization between those genotypes. (iii) Not only B. tabaci SSA1-(SG1 and SG2) was found in highly abundant (outbreak) numbers, but B. tabaci SSA1-SG3 and the Indian Ocean (IO) species were also recorded in high numbers in several sites in Tanzania. (iv) The SSA1-(SG1 and SG2) species was distributed in both countries, but in Tanzania, the B. tabaci IO and SSA1–SG3 species predominated. These data confirm that multiple, local Tanzanian B. tabaci species produce highly abundant populations, independent of the spread of the putative invasive B. tabaci SSA1-(SG1 and SG2) populations.
Interpretation of continuously measured vital signs data of COVID-19 patients by nurses and physicians at the general ward: A mixed methods study
Authors: van Goor Harriët M. R. , Breteler Martine J. M. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Kalkman Cor J. , van Loon Kim , Kaasjager Karin A. H.
Published: May 2023

Background

Continuous monitoring of vital signs is introduced at general hospital wards to detect patient deterioration. Interpretation and response currently rely on experience and expert opinion. This study aims to determine whether consensus exist among hospital professionals regarding the interpretation of vital signs of COVID-19 patients. In addition, we assessed the ability to recognise respiratory insufficiency and evaluated the interpretation process.

Methods

We performed a mixed methods study including 24 hospital professionals (6 nurses, 6 junior physicians, 6 internal medicine specialists, 6 ICU nurses). Each participant was presented with 20 cases of COVID-19 patients, including 4 or 8 hours of continuously measured vital signs data. Participants estimated the patient’s situation (‘improving’, ‘stable’, or ‘deteriorating’) and the possibility of developing respiratory insufficiency. Subsequently, a semi-structured interview was held focussing on the interpretation process. Consensus was assessed using Krippendorff’s alpha. For the estimation of respiratory insufficiency, we calculated the mean positive/negative predictive value. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

We found no consensus regarding the patient’s situation (α 0.41, 95%CI 0.29–0.52). The mean positive predictive value for respiratory insufficiency was high (0.91, 95%CI 0.86–0.97), but the negative predictive value was 0.66 (95%CI 0.44–0.88). In the interviews, two themes regarding the interpretation process emerged. “Interpretation of deviations” included the strategies participants use to determine stability, focused on finding deviations in data. “Inability to see the patient” entailed the need of hospital professionals to perform a patient evaluation when estimating a patient’s situation.

Conclusion

The interpretation of continuously measured vital signs by hospital professionals, and recognition of respiratory insufficiency using these data, is variable, which might be the result of different interpretation strategies, uncertainty regarding deviations, and not being able to see the patient. Protocols and training could help to uniform interpretation, but decision support systems might be necessary to find signs of deterioration that might otherwise go unnoticed.
Characteristics and predictors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in young adults hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome: A retrospective cohort study of 30,000 patients in the Gulf region
Authors: Alsaeed Abdulelah H. , Hersi Ahmed , Kashour Tarek , Zubaid Mohammad , Al Suwaidi Jassim , Amin Haitham , AlMahmeed Wael , Sulaiman Kadhim , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Alhabib Khalid F. , Alqarawi Wael
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The characteristics of young adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been well described. The mean age of gulf citizens in ACS registries is 10–15 years younger than their western counterparts, which provided us with a unique opportunity to investigate the characteristics and predictors of OHCA in young adults presenting with ACS.

Methodology

This was a retrospective cohort study using data from 7 prospective ACS registries in the Gulf region. In brief, all registries included consecutive adults who were admitted with ACS. OHCA was defined as cardiac arrest upon presentation (i.e., before admission to the hospital). We described the characteristics of young adults (< 50 years) who had OHCA and performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess independent predictors of OHCA.

Results

A total of 31,620 ACS patients were included in the study. There were 611 (1.93%) OHCA cases in the whole cohort [188/10,848 (1.73%) in young adults vs 423/20,772 (2.04%) in older adults, p = 0.06]. Young adults were predominantly males presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [182/188 (96.8%) and 172/188 (91.49%), respectively]. OHCA was the sentinel event of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 70% of young adults. STEMI, male sex, and non-smoking status were found to be independent predictors of OHCA [OR = 5.862 (95% CI 2.623–13.096), OR: 4.515 (95% CI 1.085–18.786), and OR = 2.27 (95% CI 1.335–3.86), respectively].

Conclusion

We observed a lower prevalence of OHCA in ACS patients in our region as compared to previous literature from other regions. Moreover, OHCA was the sentinel event of CAD in the majority of young adults, who were predominantly males with STEMIs. These findings should help risk-stratify patients with ACS and inform further research into the characteristics of OHCA in young adults.
A3SOM, abstained explainable semi-supervised neural network based on self-organizing map
Authors: Creux Constance , Zehraoui Farida , Hanczar Blaise , Tahi Fariza
Published: May 2023

In the sea of data generated daily, unlabeled samples greatly outnumber labeled ones. This is due to the fact that, in many application areas, labels are scarce or hard to obtain. In addition, unlabeled samples might belong to new classes that are not available in the label set associated with data. In this context, we propose A3SOM, an abstained explainable semi-supervised neural network that associates a self-organizing map to dense layers in order to classify samples. Abstained classification enables the detection of new classes and class overlaps. The use of a self-organizing map in A3SOM allows integrated visualization and makes the model explainable. Along with describing our approach, this paper shows that the method is competitive with other classifiers and demonstrates the benefits of including abstention rules. A use case is presented on breast cancer subtype classification and discovery to show the relevance of our method in real-world medical problems.
Improve sleep in critically ill patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial for a multi-component intervention of environment control in the ICU
Authors: Alegria Leyla , Brockmann Pablo , Repetto Paula , Leonard Douglas , Cadiz Rodrigo , Paredes Fabio , Rojas Idalid , Moya Ana , Oviedo Vanessa , García Patricio , Bakker Jan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

In critically ill patients, sleep and circadian rhythms are greatly altered. These disturbances have been associated with adverse consequences, including increased mortality. Factors associated with the ICU environment, such as exposure to inadequate light and noise levels during the day and night or inflexible schedules of daily care activities, have been described as playing an essential role in sleep disturbances. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the use of a multifaceted environmental control intervention in the ICU on the quantity and quality of sleep, delirium, and post-intensive care neuropsychological impairment in critically ill patients.

Methods

This is a prospective, parallel-group, randomized trial in 56 critically ill patients once they are starting to recover from their acute illness. Patients will be randomized to receive a multifaceted intervention of environmental control in the ICU (dynamic light therapy, auditory masking, and rationalization of ICU nocturnal patient care activities) or standard care. The protocol will be applied from enrollment until ICU discharge. Baseline parameters, light and noise levels, polysomnography and actigraphy, daily oscillation of plasma concentrations of Melatonin and Cortisol, and questionnaires for the qualitative evaluation of sleep, will be assessed during the study. In addition, all patients will undergo standardized follow-up before hospital discharge and at 6 months to evaluate neuropsychological impairment.

Discussion

This study is the first randomized clinical trial in critically ill patients to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent, non-pharmacological environmental control intervention on sleep improvement in ICU patients. The results will provide data about the potential synergistic effects of a combined multi-component environmental intervention in ICU on outcomes in the ICU and long term, and the mechanism of action.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT. Registered on January 10, 2023. Last updated on 24 Jan 2023.
A novel privacy-preserving biometric authentication scheme
Authors: Mao Xuechun , Chen Ying , Deng Cong , Zhou Xiaqing
Published: May 2023

Most existing secure biometric authentication schemes are server-centric, and users must fully trust the server to store, process, and manage their biometric data. As a result, users’ biometric data could be leaked by outside attackers or the service provider itself. This paper first constructs the EDZKP protocol based on the inner product, which proves whether the secret value is the Euclidean distance of the secret vectors. Then, combined with the Cuproof protocol, we propose a novel user-centric biometric authentication scheme called BAZKP. In this scheme, all the biometric data remain encrypted during authentication phase, so the server will never see them directly. Meanwhile, the server can determine whether the Euclidean distance of two secret vectors is within a pre-defined threshold by calculation. Security analysis shows BAZKP satisfies completeness, soundness, and zero-knowledge. Based on BAZKP, we propose a privacy-preserving biometric authentication system, and its evaluation demonstrates that it provides reliable and secure authentication.
Mapping the cultural divides of England and Wales: Did the geographies of ‘Belonging’ act as a brake on British Urbanisation, 1851–1911?
Authors: Day Joseph
Published: May 2023

Although both the analysis of regional culture and urbanisation are long-standing preoccupations in geography, few studies have considered the relationship between the two, the former traditionally being a topic in cultural geography, while the latter is usually interpreted and analysed as a process in economic geography. Taking evidence from the 1851–1911 censuses of England and Wales, this article analyses individual migration paths to identify stable regions of human interaction by applying a sophisticated community-detection algorithm. By accurately mapping the regions within which the majority of migration occurred between 1851 and 1911 and arguing that the stability of these geographies is evidence of more than just mutable communities but rather of persistent regional cultures, this article responds to previous studies that have sought to identify the cultural provinces of England and Wales. Indeed, by demonstrating that the regions bear a striking resemblance to those that have long been hypothesised as being distinct cultural provinces of England and Wales, this article empirically corroborates their existence. In order to further demonstrate that the regions constitute cultural provinces, this paper incorporates these boundaries into a spatial interaction model (SIM). The results of the SIM not only shows that the boundaries between the regions limited the number of migrants that crossed them–over and above that explained by control variables–and therefore represented the boundaries of cultural provinces, demarcating discrete regions of human interaction–but that such boundaries disproportionately restricted rural-urban migrants, thereby slowing the pace at which England and Wales urbanised. This paper therefore demonstrates that urbanisation should not only be interpreted as only an economic phenomenon, but a cultural one also, and that if urbanisation is to be fully understood, individuals’ attachment to place as a component of their identity, ought to be formally incorporated into models of migration.
Assessment of severity scoring systems for predicting mortality in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Park Hyunmyung , Yang Jihyun , Chun Byung Chul
Published: May 2023

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing every year and many patients with AKI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This study compared and analyzed severity scoring systems to assess their suitability in predicting mortality in critically ill patients receiving CRRT. Data from 612 patients receiving CRRT in four ICUs of the Korea University Medical Center between January 2016 and November 2018 were retrospectively collected. The mean age of all patients was 67.6 ± 14.8 years, and the proportion of males was 59.6%. The endpoints were in-hospital mortality and 7-day mortality from the day of CRRT initiation to the date of death. The Program to Improve Care in Acute Renal Disease (PICARD), Demirjian’s, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS), and Liano’s scores were used to predict mortality. The in-hospital and 7-day mortality rates in the study population were 72.7% and 45.1%, respectively. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) revealed the highest discrimination ability for Demirjian’s score (0.770), followed by Liano’s score (0.728) and APACHE II (0.710). The AUROC curves for the SAPS 3, MODS, and PICARD were 0.671, 0.665, and 0.658, respectively. The AUROC of Demirjian’s score was significantly higher than that of the other scores, except for Liano’s score. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test on Demirjian’s score showed a poor fit in our analysis; however, it was more acceptable than general severity scores. Kidney-specific severity scoring systems showed better performance in predicting mortality in critically ill patients receiving CRRT than general severity scoring systems.
Prediction of university fund revenue and expenditure based on fuzzy time series with a periodic factor
Authors: Shen Yueqian , Ma Xiaoxia , Sun Yajing , Du Sheng
Published: May 2023

Financial management and decision-making of universities play an essential role in their development. Predicting fund revenue and expenditure of universities can provide a necessary basis for funds risk prevention. For the lack of solid data reference for financial management and funds risk prevention in colleges and universities, this paper presents a prediction model of University fund revenue and expenditure based on fuzzy time series with a periodic factor. Combined with the fuzzy time series, this prediction method introduces the periodic factor of university funds. The periodic factor is used to adjust the proportion of the predicted value of the fuzzy time series and the periodic observation value. A fund revenue prediction model and a fund expenditure prediction model are constructed, and an experiment is carried out with the actual financial data of a university in China. The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed model, which can provide solid references for financial management and funds risk prevention in universities.
An Exploratory Study on Dual Office Holding of Local Public Employees in the Crisis of Low Fertility and Labor Shortage: Japanese Local Government Cases and Their Implications for Korea
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Chung Jin Hang , Kim Ji Sung
Published: May 2023

Korea and Japan are facing labor shortage problems in the circumstance of low fertility and an aging population. In particular, problems associated with an aging population is getting much worse in rural areas than in cities, which can be considered as a crisis threatening the foundations of local communities such as local key industries. Earlier than Korea, Japan has experienced the problem of declining and aging population in the provinces, and it is implementing long-term policies as well as short-term policies that allow local government employees to hold more than two offices in order to address labor shortage problems in local governments. As in Korea, Japan's law and policies on local public employees strongly prohibit public employees’ dual office holdings, but recently, some local governments allow their public officials to hold dual office holdings. Relevant cases in Japanese provinces are reviewed and implications for Korea are discussed.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Policy Guarantee Support under the COVID-19 Pandemic Economic Crisis
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Jin Hwa , Lee Jae Eun
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest some policy implications by analyzing the support effectiveness of policy guarantees supported through the supplementary budget. During the COVID-19 period, the sales growth rate of the policy guarantee beneficiary companies was about 4.98% and the employment growth rate was about 0.46%, indicating a significant difference in growth potential compared to the non-beneficiary companies. First, among the economic crises caused by COVID-19, the crisis response through policy guarantees was relatively appropriate. Second, it is necessary to maintain an ‘appropriate’ level of support for ‘necessary’ economic sectors according to the government’s policy direction. Third, policy guarantee support can be effectively used as one of crisis response policies based on the effectiveness of the policy. Fourth, it is necessary to prepare for preemptive policy guarantee support by operating the crisis prediction system. Fifth, it is necessary to identify and prepare for possible crises after COVID-19 at the present time.
Current Status of Forest Fire Prevention Education and Learning Guidance Plan: Focusing on Elementary and Middle School Education
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Ryu Juyeol , Kim Sung Yong , Kwon Chun Guen
Published: May 2023

Worldwidely most of the causes of forest fires are caused by human unintentional mistakes and negligence. As the forest fire prevention education, interest in forest fire risk prevention activities can be strengthened, and social costs related to forest fire risks can be reduced by the regular education and learning. In this study, the actual state of forest fire prevention education in domestic elementary and secondary schools was investigated and a learning guide plan for education that could be implemented. As the result, it is necessary to carry out regular forest fire prevention education in regular curriculum to raise awareness about the importance of forests and to protect them from forest fires. In addition, by preventing the causative behavior that threatens forest fires in advance, it is considered that it will contribute to reducing the risk of forest fires caused by unintentional mistakes and carelessness in future generations.
A Study on Organizational Culture Improvement Perceived by Members of Public Enterprises: Focusing on Generational Differences
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Ryu Eun Young
Published: May 2023

In this study, quantitative and qualitative analysis were conducted to derive improvement measures based on the overall perception of organizational culture of employees in public enterprises, and the results are as follows.You can see the difference in perceptions between managers and employees. In most categories, employees at the lower level (Level 4/Level 5-7) are negatively evaluated by the organizational culture compared to those at the upper level (Level 1-2). It can be seen that there is a difference in perception between generations. The 'meetings', 'communication' and 'manager engagement' categories were below average. In particular, the communication item appeared to be the lowest score. The organizational culture that should be improved at the organizational level is 'meeting', 'report', 'overtime', and 'communication'. Especially among employees, 'generation'·' Department'·' Various efforts are needed to promote region-specific communication. It is expected that the results of the above discussions will contribute to the preparation of strategies that can help improve practical organizational performance as well as in the human resource management of members of public enterprises in the future.
Almagro, el gran olvidado: Crónicas de la Fundación española en el sur del Perú - Tacna y Arica.
Authors: Osorio Soto Gary Martín
Published: May 2023

La investigación realizada sobre la fundación española de Tacna; Perú. Por medio del estudio, se ha establecido, mediante el eje argumental histórico de diversos cronistas; y la documentación notarial y judiciales de los procesos de reconocimiento y validación de derechos sobre los asientos y encomiendas que se dieron por parte de los Reyes de España a los conquistadores entre 1535 1609. La investigación, plantea la hipótesis del acto fundacional de la ciudad con la llegada del explorador Diego de Almagro hacia el mes de diciembre 1535 y enero de 1536. Además, de hacer el análisis historiográfico de la superposición de la fundación española de San Marcos de Arica sobre San Pedro de Tacna.

The investigation was developed about Spanish foundation of Tacna; Peru. By means of studies review, we have stablished at historical – plot review at many chronists; on judicial and notarial documents, the judicial process to acknowledgment and validation of rights of property by the Spanish Kings to the conquerors at 1535-1609. The review to propose foundational act to Tacna hypothesis, whit the Diego de Almagro arrival at December 1535 – January 1536. And the historiographical review at overlap Spain foundation at San Marcos de Arica against San Pedro de Tacna.
Psychological Well-being of Urban Grandparents Caring Grandchildren
Authors: Islam Shahariar
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Grandparents usually played an important role in the care of their grandchildren and often provide care and assistance to their grandchildren. Across the world, grandparents are principal caregivers or supplement other forms of extra family care and this experience may have an effect on their psychological well-being. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the extent of psychological well- being of urban grandparents caring grandchildren. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among grandparents over the period of one year from January to December 2018 among 171 participants. Participants were selected by purposive sampling; data were collected by face-to-face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire to observe socio-demographic characteristics, caregiving information and PSS, 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale, HADS scale for psychological well-being. Data was analyzed by IBM software-SPSS 25 version. Results: Study revealed that, 71% were grandmother and 49% were grandfather. There was statistical significant association between psychological well-being and gender (p<0.01). There was significant association between age group and psychological well-being and age was negatively correlated with stress (p< 0.01), loneliness (p< 0.05) and anxiety (0.01). In this study 75% were married and 25% were widowed/widower. Loneliness was significantly associated with marital status (p<0.01). Monthly family income was negatively correlated with loneliness (p<0.01) and depression (p<0.05). There was significant association between psychological well-being and duration of caregiving (p<0.01) and duration of caregiving was positively correlated with loneliness (p<0.01), anxiety (p<0.01), depression (p<0.01). In this study, 64% grandparents experienced problem during caring and 36% didnt which was significantly associated with psychological well-being (p<0.01). Psychological well-being attributes (stress, loneliness, anxiety, depression) were significantly correlated with each other (p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that there are some adverse consequences on grandparents psychological well-being. Effective measure should be taken for caregiver grandparents.
Reconhecendo os termos dos saberes das Parteiras Tradicionais brasileiras
Authors: Arcos Manuela , Bevilacqua Cleci , Loguercio Sandra Dias
Published: May 2023

Esta pesquisa insere-se sob o enfoque dos estudos da Terminologia Cultural. O objetivo central do trabalho é oferecer as bases teórico-metodológicas para um estudo cujo objetivo principal é o reconhecimento de termos na linguagem empregada pelas Parteiras Tradicionais brasileiras (PT) na representação de seus saberes, sendo essa linguagem pautada na oralidade. Para tanto, foi compilado um corpus textual composto de textos acadêmicos acerca do tema das PT, que também se pautam nas transcrições de entrevistas feitas a essas mulheres. Em seguida, foi realizada uma primeira testagem de extração terminológica, a fim de identificar de que forma esses saberes são representados e definidos. Nessa etapa, identificaram-se termos simples, sintagmáticos e fraseologias que representam fazeres especializados do ofício das parteiras. Finalmente, apresentaram-se como principais conclusões a constatação da necessidade de estabelecer bases quanto à constituição do registro de linguagem do corpus (oral e escrito), considerando, por um lado, a possibilidade de criar corpora que se complementam e, por outro, a necessidade de se problematizar noções como a de comunidade de fala e comunidade discursiva.
Eine neue Text- und Aufgabensammlung zur deutschen Sprachgeschichte in statu nascendi. Eine Projektskizze
Authors: Kříž Václav , Šemelík Martin
Published: May 2023

The topic of this paper is the role of German language history in the context of university-based German studies abroad (so called “Auslandsgermanistik”) with focus on German studies in the Czech Republic and selected didactic aspects. Above all, the paper aims to present a project of a new collection of texts and tasks on German language history, which is currently being developed at the Department of Germanic Studies (Faculty of Arts, Charles University). The paper comments on the specific features of the book, including a focus on German texts from the Czech Lands and interdisciplinary orientation, among others. The appendix contains excerpts from the forthcoming publication.
Literatur im DaF-Unterricht: einige kritische Anmerkungen
Authors: Mach Tomáš
Published: May 2023

Finding a German publication in the field of foreign language acquisition that does not explicitly mention the role of literature would be an anomaly. Within DaF (German as a foreign language), the position occupied by works of literature has been subjected to no or very little scrutiny in the past decades. Simultaneously, it has become fashionable to criticise the (supposed) deficiencies of the pragmatic and competence-driven approach to teaching. The paper offers a critical examination of the theoretical underpinnings as well as the arguments often employed by the proponents of the use of literature in teaching. The findings hint at misleading citation practices, the absence of empirical research in the area as well as problematic argumentation at times.
Ein Erfahrungsbericht zur Wortbildung im Studium für Deutsch als Fremdsprache an der Karls-Universität Prag
Authors: Vachková Marie
Published: May 2023

For years, the theory of word formation in contemporary German has been a fixed part of the course Lexicology and Word Formation in Contemporary German at the Bachelor of German Language Studies at the Department of Germanic Studies of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. The author describes the established practice and presents types of exercises designed to promote the development of passive vocabulary and to provide insight into the systemic relations of German word formation.
Loss of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan sulfation allows delayed sympathetic reinnervation after cardiac ischemia–reperfusion
Authors: Blake Matthew R. , Parrish Diana C. , Staffenson Melanie A. , Johnson Morgan A. , Woodward William R. , Habecker Beth A.
Published: May 2023

Sympathetic nerve loss in the heart predicts the risk of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction (MI) in patients. Sympathetic denervation after cardiac ischemia–reperfusion is sustained by matrix components chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the cardiac scar. We showed that 4,6‐sulfation of CSPGs was critical for preventing nerve growth into the scar. Promoting early reinnervation with therapeutics reduces arrhythmias during the first 2 weeks after MI, but the longer‐term consequences of restoring innervation are unknown. Therefore, we asked if the beneficial effects of early reinnervation were sustained. We compared cardiac function and arrhythmia susceptibility 40 days after MI in mice treated on Days 3–10 with vehicle or with intracellular sigma peptide to restore innervation. Surprisingly, both groups had normal innervation density in the cardiac scar 40 days after MI, indicating delayed reinnervation of the infarct in vehicle‐treated mice. That coincided with similar cardiac function and arrhythmia susceptibility in the two groups. We investigated the mechanism allowing delayed reinnervation of the cardiac scar. We found that CSPG 4,6‐sulfation, which is elevated early after ischemia–reperfusion, was reduced to control levels allowing reinnervation of the infarct. Thus, remodeling of extracellular matrix weeks after injury leads to remodeling of sympathetic neurons in the heart.
The structure of fuzzy fractals generated by an orbital fuzzy iterated function system
Authors: Savu Irina , Miculescu Radu , Mihail Alexandru
Published: May 2023

In this article, we present a structure result concerning fuzzy fractals generated by an orbital fuzzy iterated function system

(

(

X
,
d

)

,

(

f

i

)

i
∈
I

,

(

ρ

i

)

i
∈
I

)

\left(\left(X,d),{({f}_{i})}_{i\in I},{\left({\rho }_{i})}_{i\in I})

. Our result involves the following two main ingredients: (a) the fuzzy fractal associated with the canonical iterated fuzzy function system

(

(

I

N

,

d

Λ

)

,

(

τ

i

)

i
∈
I

,

(

ρ

i

)

i
∈
I

)

\left(\left({I}^{{\mathbb{N}}},{d}_{\Lambda }),{\left({\tau }_{i})}_{i\in I},{\left({\rho }_{i})}_{i\in I})

, where

d

Λ

{d}_{\Lambda }

is Baire’s metric on the code space

I

N

{I}^{{\mathbb{N}}}

and

τ

i

:

I

N

→

I

N

{\tau }_{i}:{I}^{{\mathbb{N}}}\to {I}^{{\mathbb{N}}}

is given by

τ

i

(

(

ω

1

,

ω

2

,

…

)

)

≔

(

i
,

ω

1

,

ω

2

,

…

)

{\tau }_{i}\left(\left({\omega }_{1},{\omega }_{2},\ldots )):= \left(i,{\omega }_{1},{\omega }_{2},\ldots )

for every

(

ω

1

,

ω

2

,

…

)

∈

I

N

\left({\omega }_{1},{\omega }_{2},\ldots )\in {I}^{{\mathbb{N}}}

and every

i
∈
I

i\in I

; (b) the canonical projections of certain iterated function systems associated with the fuzzy fractal under consideration.
Water-vapour sorption of welded bond-line of European beech and Scots pine
Authors: Vaziri Mojgan , Dreimol Christopher , Abrahamsson Lars , Niemz Peter , Sandberg Dick
Published: May 2023

The wood–water interactions of welded bond-lines of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were in this paper studied for the first time with dynamic vapour sorption equipment. The aim of this study was to characterize the water sorption in the welded bond-line and to define to which extent it deviates from water sorption of the unwelded wood. The objective was to provide deepened knowledge about water sorption of the welded bond-line, which could be used to improve the moisture resistance of welded wood in the future. The welded wood generally had lower equilibrium moisture contents than the unwelded wood. The welded bond-lines of beech and pine showed greater hysteresis than the unwelded wood from 0 to 55 % relative humidity. All specimens showed faster adsorption than desorption. However, the welded wood showed slower adsorption but faster desorption than unwelded wood. The time to complete half of the fractional change in moisture content (E(t) = 0.5) increased as the moisture content increased. The adsorption diffusion coefficients of beech and welded beech were higher than those of pine and welded pine up to 50 % and 40 % RH, respectively. In desorption, pine had a higher diffusion coefficient than beech in the whole range of 85–0 % RH. Analogously, welded pine had a higher diffusion coefficient than welded beech in the range of 85–5 % RH. In contrast to the desorption, the welded wood always had lower adsorption diffusion coefficients than the corresponding unwelded wood. The diffusion coefficients showed irregular patterns in some ranges of the RH. Therefore, it was hard to make a clear conclusion about the water-sorption behaviour of the specimens based on the defined diffusion coefficients.
Randomized graph cluster randomization
Authors: Ugander Johan , Yin Hao
Published: May 2023

The global average treatment effect (GATE) is a primary quantity of interest in the study of causal inference under network interference. With a correctly specified exposure model of the interference, the Horvitz–Thompson (HT) and Hájek estimators of the GATE are unbiased and consistent, respectively, yet known to exhibit extreme variance under many designs and in many settings of interest. With a fixed clustering of the interference graph, graph cluster randomization (GCR) designs have been shown to greatly reduce variance compared to node-level random assignment, but even so the variance is still often prohibitively large. In this work, we propose a randomized version of the GCR design, descriptively named randomized graph cluster randomization (RGCR), which uses a random clustering rather than a single fixed clustering. By considering an ensemble of many different clustering assignments, this design avoids a key problem with GCR where the network exposure probability of a given node can be exponentially small in a single clustering. We propose two inherently randomized graph decomposition algorithms for use with RGCR designs, randomized 3-net and 1-hop-max, adapted from the prior work on multiway graph cut problems and the probabilistic approximation of (graph) metrics. We also propose weighted extensions of these two algorithms with slight additional advantages. All these algorithms result in network exposure probabilities that can be estimated efficiently. We derive structure-dependent upper bounds on the variance of the HT estimator of the GATE, depending on the metric structure of the graph driving the interference. Where the best-known such upper bound for the HT estimator under a GCR design is exponential in the parameters of the metric structure, we give a comparable upper bound under RGCR that is instead polynomial in the same parameters. We provide extensive simulations comparing RGCR and GCR designs, observing substantial improvements in GATE estimation in a variety of settings.
Islamische Seelsorge von der Praxis zur Disziplin: Gegenstand, Zugangsweisen und Rolle in der pluralen Gesellschaft
Authors: Abdallah Mahmoud
Published: May 2023

Die Islamische Seelsorge machte in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine große Erfahrung in der Begleitung und Betreuung von Menschen in Notlagen. Aus den Pilotprojekten und ehrenamtlichen Tätigkeiten sind ein professionales und (teilweise) hauptamtliches Berufsfeld in säkularen Institutionen sowie universitäre Studiengänge hervorgegangen. Für das neue Berufs- und Forschungsfeld stellt sich die Frage nach der Professionalisierung und dem Profil, dem Selbstverständnis und Gegenstand, nach seiner Wissenschaftstheorie sowie nach dem Bezug zur islamischen Glaubenspraxis in Deutschland und der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit.

Dieser Beitrag möchte in drei Schritten – in Anlehnung an die Systemtheorie Luhmanns – zeigen, (1) wie sich die neue Disziplin Islamische Seelsorge als eigenständiges Wissenssystem innerhalb des akademischen Kontextes positionieren kann, d. h. wie sie ihre Verhältnissetzung und ihren Beitrag zu anderen Subdisziplinen der islamischen Theologie entwickelt (intradisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit), (2) wie sie die Wechselbeziehung zur Wirklichkeit, zum gelebten Islam und zu den anderen Humanwissenschaften versteht (interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit) und (3) wie Islamische Seelsorge ihren Beitrag für das gemeinsame Leben in der wertepluralen Gesellschaft definiert (interreligiöse Zusammenarbeit).
Theoretical and experimental insights into the C-steel aqueous corrosion inhibition at elevated temperatures in 1.0 M HCl via multi-carbonyl Gemini cationic surfactants
Authors: El-Basiony Nasser M. , Sliem Mostafa H. , Abd-Elaal Ali A. , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Al-Qahtani Noora H. , Zaki ElSayed. G. , Okonkwo Paul C. , Elyan Salah S. , Shaban Samy M.
Published: May 2023

Despite corrosion being an inevitable process, researchers strive to control corrosion. In this study, our goal was to prepare two amido Gemini cationic surfactants, LAPG and MAPG, each with different alkyl chains and multiple carbonyl groups as rich electronic rich centers. We aimed to evaluate these surfactants as potential corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) in 1 M HCl at temperatures of 25–55 ± 0.1 °C. In theoretical investigations, DFT parameters and Mont Carlo simulation were run to predict the adsorption affinity and reactive sites of the LAPG and MAPG molecules. Their efficacy was investigated experimentally considering weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The Tafel polarization revealed that at 0.1 mM of LAPG and MAPG, the corrosion current density (i
corr) of CS was reduced to the lowest extent (75.56 and 53.82 μA cm−2) compared to 529.3 μA cm−2 in the absence of the inhibitors. EIS data suggests the enhancement of the thickness of the adsorbed layers of the studied compounds from the decrease of the double-layer capacitance C

dl
values. The Langmuir isotherm explained the adoption phenomena of these compounds at 25–55 ± 0.1 °C. Activation and adsorption thermodynamic parameters predicted the chemisorption behavior of these molecules onto the steel surface. AFM and XPS tools confirm the CS surface protection due to these inhibitors’ adsorbed layer. A parallel study showed the superiority of these corrosion inhibitors in HCl compared with those reported earlier, making these compounds highly promising corrosion inhibitors, especially in high-temperature acidic environments.