bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China
Authors: Montinola Gabriella , Qian Yingyi , Weingast Barry R.
Published: February 2007

China's remarkable economic success rests on a foundation of political reform providing a considerable degree of credible commitment to markets. This reform reflects a special type of institutionalized decentralization that the authors call “federalism, Chinese style.” This form of decentralization has three consequences. First, it fosters competition, not only in product markets, but also among local governments for labor and foreign capital. This competition, in turn, encourages local government experimentation and learning with new forms of enterprises, regulation, and economic relationships. Second, it provides incentives for local governments to promote local economic prosperity. Finally, it provides a significant amount of protection to local governments and their enterprises from political intrusion by the central government.
Conflict Displacement and Regime Transition in Taiwan: A Spatial Analysis
Authors: Lin Tse-Min , Chu Yun-Han , Hinich Melvin J.
Published: February 2007

This paper presents a spatial analysis of political competition in Taiwan in an effort to explore the role of conflict displacement in the process of democratic transition. In recent elections, a new cleavage on socioeconomic justice has emerged as a salient political issue in Taiwan, crosscutting the traditional cleavage on national identity. The authors first trace the historical trajectory of regime transition in order to provide a structural explanation of such a displacement of conflicts. Using data from the 1992 General Survey on Social Changes designed primarily by the authors for the Institute of Ethnology of Academia Sinica, they then present the results of a spatial analysis. The empirical findings confirm that socioeconomic justice together with national identity are the defining dimensions of the latent ideological space in which political competition takes place. The authors argue that, because of the availability of the new issue, political elites in Taiwan are undertaking a partisan realignment in both electoral and legislative politics, a process the authors consider conducive to both the transition to democracy and the consolidation of the new regime.
Germany after Unification: Normal at Last?
Authors: Mcadams A. James
Published: February 2007

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the concept of “normalcy” has occupied a prominent place in the pronouncements of Germany's most powerful politicians and policy makers. In addition, it has also suffused much of the emerging literature on the domestic and international implications of German unification. Some observers argue that unification embodies the call to normalcy, offering Germany's leaders the opportunity to put their nation's past behind them. Others treat the events of 1989–90 as part of an ongoing challenge to German identity. Finally, a third group of scholars regards the invocation of German unity as an excuse for papering over the crimes of the Nazi past. Although there is no a priori basis for considering any one of these approaches the most appropriate for assessing contemporary German affairs, this does not mean one's choice of terms is totally arbitrary. If German normalcy is to mean anything analytically, it must minimally represent an attainable and worthy goal to which the leaders of the Federal Republic can aspire in their efforts to make Germany more like other European states.
Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic
Authors: Berman Sheri
Published: February 2007

Practically everywhere one looks these days the concept of “civil society” is in vogue. Neo-Tocquevillean scholars argue that civil society plays a role in driving political, social, and even economic outcomes. This new conventional wisdom, however, is flawed. It is simply not true that democratic government is always strengthened, not weakened, when it faces a vigorous civil society. This essay shows how a robust civil society helped scuttle the twentieth century's most critical democratic experiment, Weimar Germany. An important implication of this analysis is that under certain circumstances associationism and the prospects for democratic stability can actually be inversely related. To know when civil society activity will take on oppositional or even antidemocratic tendencies, one needs to ground one's analyses in concrete examinations of political reality. Political scientists should remember that Tocqueville considered Americans' political associations to be as important as their nonpolitical ones, and they should therefore examine more closely the connections between the two under various conditions.
Modernization in Historical Perspective: The Case of Imperial Germany
Authors: Berman Sheri E.
Published: February 2007

In recent years historical research on Imperial Germany has called into question traditional interpretations of this case at the same time that political science research on the “third wave” has transformed the study of political development. This article argues that combining the insights of these two literatures offers benefits to both. For historians, the exercise provides a fresh perspective on the purported distinctiveness of Imperial Germany's political system and the relationship between its economic and political development. For political scientists, the German case has important lessons to teach about the role of structure versus agency in driving political liberalization, the time frame necessary for genuine political development to occur, and the role of war and the nature of the international system as wild cards in changing the outcome of the game. Most interestingly, perhaps, it also shows that a weak version of modernization theory holds true, namely, that it is not possibleover the long termfor a simple authoritarian regime to maintain control over an increasingly economically developed society.
The Sources of Business Interest in Social Insurance: Sectoral versus National Differences
Authors: Mares Isabela
Published: February 2007

When and why have employers supported the development of institutions of social insurance that provide benefits to workers during various employment-related risks? The analysis developed in this article challenges the dominant explanations of welfare state development, which are premised on the assumption that business opposes social insurance. The article examines the conditions under which self-interested, profit-maximizing firms support the introduction of a new social policy, and it specifies the most significant variables explaining the variation in employers' social policy preferences. The model is tested in three political episodes of welfare state development in France and Germany, using policy documents submitted by various employers' associations to bureaucratic and parliamentary commissions.
Agenda Power in Brazil's Câmara Dos Deputados, 1989–98
Authors: Amorim Neto Octavio , Cox Gary W. , McCubbins Mathew D.
Published: February 2007

This article examines a general proposition about democratic legislatures—that their agenda will be cartelized by any majority government—in the context of a case study of the Brazilian Camara dos Deputados (Chamber of Deputies). The main question is to identify when consistent agenda control by a single majority coalition, as opposed to agenda control by shifting majorities, has emerged in the post-1988 Camara. Consistent agenda control emerges routinely in parliamentary regimes: the government commands' a majority in the assembly; the legislative agenda is negotiated among the governing parties, typically with each able to veto the placement of bills on the agenda. However, the Camara faces an external executive, the president, with substantial formal powers to set its agenda. Consistent agenda control thus can emerge only if the president chooses to ally with a majority coalition in the assembly. If the president always chooses to form such an alliance—a presidentially led agenda cartel—then one would expect some consistently parliamentary patterns in Brazil: the appointment of legislative party leaders to the cabinet; the use of statutes rather than decrees to achieve policy goals; the avoidance of bills that split the governing coalition. The authors find that only the Cardoso presidency displays consistent evidence of such a presidentially led agenda cartel. In this sense, the argument differs from that of Figueiredo and Limongi, who argue that presidents have consistently pursued a parliamentary mode of governance in Brazil. Yet it also differs from those who argue that presidents have consistently pursued a shifting-coalitions strategy. The results suggest that presidents make a strategic choice, with much hinging on that choice.
Translations: Lenin's Statues, Post-communism and Post-apartheid
Authors: Popescu Monica
Published: February 2007

Using Ivan Vladislavic's short story "Propaganda by Monuments" as a starting point, this article explores the trope of the spatial and cultural "translation" of a statue representing Lenin from one socio-political and historical background into another. This movement illuminates the connections and dissimilarities between post-communist Russia and post-apartheid South Africa. The statue's imaginary voyage not only reveals the workings of an increasingly globalized market, it also brings into contact two cultures at a time of transition (South Africa and the post-soviet world of the 1990s) and two critical discourses (post-colonialism and post-communism) at a time of theoretical revamping.
Altered Effective Connectivity within the Language Network in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Sonty Sreepadma P. , Mesulam M.-Marsel , Weintraub Sandra , Johnson Nancy A. , Parrish Todd B. , Gitelman Darren R.
Published: February 2007

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative dementia syndrome principally characterized by the gradual dissolution of language functions, especially in the early stages of disorder. In a previous functional neuroimaging study, PPA patients were found to activate core language areas similarly to control subjects when performing semantic and phonological processing tasks (Sonty et al., 2003). In the present study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) were used to study multiregional effective connectivity in early-stage PPA (n= 8) and control (n= 8) subjects performing semantic word matching and visual letter matching tasks. fMRI analysis showed semantic task-specific activations in the left inferior frontal (Broca's area) and posterior superior temporal (Wernicke's area) regions, in addition to other language regions, in both groups. Using a model language network consisting of six left hemisphere regions, the DCM analysis demonstrated reduced language-specific effective connectivity between Wernicke's and Broca's areas in the PPA patient group. Furthermore, this decrement in connectivity was predictive of semantic task accuracy. These results demonstrate for the first time that dysfunctional network interactions (effective connectivity), rather than hypoactivity within individual brain regions, may contribute to the emergence of language deficits seen in PPA.
Developmental Cell Death Is Enhanced in the Cerebral Cortex of Mice Lacking the Brain Vesicular Monoamine Transporter
Authors: Stankovski Léa , Alvarez Chantal , Ouimet Tanja , Vitalis Tania , El-Hachimi Khalid H. , Price David , Deneris Evan , Gaspar Patricia , Cases Olivier
Published: February 2007

Neurotransmitters have emerged as important players in the control of programmed cell death in the cerebral cortex. We report that genetic depletion of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in mice lacking the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2 KO mice) causes an increase in cell death in the superficial layers of the cingulate and retrosplenial cortices during early postnatal life (postnatal days 0–4). Electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling indicated that this represents a form of apoptosis. Caspase-3 and -9 are over activated in the VMAT2 KO cortex and Bcl-XLis downregulated, whereas the apoptosis-inducing factor caspase-8 and FasL/FasR pathway are not involved. Partial inhibition of serotonin or/and catecholamine synthesis by pharmacological treatments or genetic reduction of serotonin neuron number in mice lacking the transcription factor Pet-1 (pheochromocytoma 12 E26 transformation-specific) did not modify the cell death ratios in the cerebral cortex. However, when monoamine oxidase type A was invalidated in the VMAT2 KO background (VMAT2-MAOA DKO mice), increases in 5-HT levels coincided with a reduction of cell death and a normalization of Bcl-XLexpression. trkB signaling is not implicated in the anti-apoptotic effects of MAOA inhibition because BDNF mRNA levels were unchanged in VMAT2-MAOA DKO mice and because the massive cell death in the cerebral cortex of trkB KO mice is also reverted by genetic invalidation of the MAOA gene. Finally the broad 5-HT2receptor agonist (−)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride prevented the increase in cell death of VMAT2 KO mice. Altogether, these results suggest that high levels of serotonin, acting through 5-HT2receptors, have neuroprotective action on cortical neurons by controlling Bcl-XLmRNA levels and that this action is independent of trkB signaling.
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in an adult female with a heterozygous hypomorphic mutation of SOX2
Authors: Sato Naoko , Kamachi Yusuke , Kondoh Hisato , Shima Yuichi , Morohashi Ken-ichirou , Horikawa Reiko , Ogata Tsutomu
Published: February 2007

Objective: Heterozygous SOX2 mutations have recently been reported to cause isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), in addition to ocular and brain abnormalities. Here, we report a further case with a heterozygous hypomorphic SOX2 mutation and isolated HH.

Patient: The patient was a 28-year-old Japanese female with congenital right anophthalmia and poor pubertal development, who was found to have HH by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone test (peak serum LH, 2.3 mIU/ml; peak serum FSH, 2.9 mIU/ml). Other pituitary hormones were normal.

Methods: We performed mutation analysis of SOX2 and functional studies of mutant SOX2 protein using the core enhancer sequence of the chicken δ-1-crystallin gene (DC5) and that of the mouse nestin gene (Nes30).

Results: A heterozygous missense mutation (224T > A, Leu75Gln) was identified in the DNA-binding domain. The mutant SOX2 protein had a severely reduced (approximately 10%) DNA-binding affinity and a markedly diminished (20–30%) transactivation potential with no dominant negative effect.

Conclusions: The results provide further support for the positive role of SOX2 in the regulation of gonadotropin production.
Growth hormone secretion and immunological function of a male patient with a homozygous STAT5b mutation
Authors: Walenkamp Marie J E , Vidarsdottir Solrun , Pereira Alberto M , Karperien Marcel , van Doorn Jaap , van Duyvenvoorde Hermine A , Breuning Martijn H , Roelfsema Ferdinand , Kruithof M Femke , van Dissel Jaap , Janssen Riny , Wit Jan M , Romijn Johannes A
Published: February 2007

Objective: STAT5b is a component of the GH signaling pathway. Recently, we described a 31-year-old male patient (height, −5.9 SDS) with a novel homozygous inactivating mutation in the STAT5b gene. The purpose of this study is to describe the phenotype in detail, including GH secretion and immunological function. In addition, we report four family members of this patient, all heterozygous carriers of the mutation.

Design and methods: Twenty-four hour GH and prolactin secretion characteristics were assessed by blood sampling at 10-min intervals. An IGF-I generation test was performed. Monocyte function was tested by stimulation of whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In addition, T cell function was determined by measuring proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after stimulation by various polyclonal activators and Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Clinical and biochemical characteristics were determined in the carriers of the mutation.

Results: GH secretory parameters were comparable with that of healthy male controls (mean fat percentage 25), but likely increased in relation to the patient’s 40% body fat. The regularity of GH secretion was diminished. Prolactin secretion was increased by sixfold. The IGF-I generation test showed a small increase in IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 on lower GH doses and an increase in IGF-I to −2.4 SDS on the highest dose of GH. In vitro, IL-12p40, IL 10, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production rates by PBMC increased to values within the normal range upon stimulation of LPS. Heterozygous carriers of the mutation did not show abnormalities, although the height of the males was below the normal range.

Conclusions: This report shows that GH and prolactin secretion were increased in this patient homozygous for a new STAT5b mutation. Although STAT5b plays a role in signaling within immune cells, clinical immunodeficiency is not an obligatory phenomenon of STAT5b deficiency per se. Heterozygous carriers of a STAT5b mutation show no signs of GH insensitivity.
Comparison of the molecular effects of the mycotoxins β-zearalenol and deoxynivalenol in porcine endometrial cells — A review
Authors: Wollenhaupt Karin , Tomek W. , Tiemann Ute
Published: February 2007

The mycotoxins β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) and deoxynivalenol (DON) produce toxic effects that result in diseases in humans and animals. The molecular mechanisms that control the mycotoxin-mediated effects are far from being completely understood. Various results show that these mycotoxins could inhibit cell proliferation. In the present short communication, the influence of β-ZOL and DON on the abundance and phosphorylation state of kinases that are included in regulation of the initiation of mRNA translation (which is correlated with cell proliferation) was compared in porcine endometrial cells (PEC). Our results indicate that these mycotoxins modulate the expression and phosphorylation of these factors in a different manner. Whereas β-ZOL mainly had an impact on the biological activity of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (Akt), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and its repressor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), DON reduced the abundance of p38 MAPk, Akt and specific 4E-BP1 bands. In summary, these results indicate that β-ZOL influences molecular events that are included in the initiation of mRNA translation in the porcine endometrium but DON does not alter such processes clearly.
Influence of dietary boron supplementation on some serum metabolites and egg-yolk cholesterol in laying hens
Authors: Eren M. , Uyanik F.
Published: February 2007

The influence of dietary boron (B) supplementation on some serum parameters and egg-yolk cholesterol was studied in laying hens. A total of 224 eighteen-week-old hens of the Hyline Brown 98 strain were assigned to 7 groups with 4 replicates of 8 hens each after 10 days of adaptation, and they were fed commercial diets supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg (diet) B (H
3
BO
3
) for 8 weeks. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels were decreased with all B levels. Except in the group receiving 5 mg/kg B supplementation, decreases were found in serum triglycerides in all groups. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was decreased in the groups receiving 100 mg/kg or higher levels of B. All levels of B supplementation increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity at weeks 21 and 22, while 10 mg/kg or higher levels of B increased serum globulin, urea and egg-yolk cholesterol levels. The results demonstrate that B supplementation at levels exceeding 5 mg/kg affects serum biochemical parameters and increases egg-yolk cholesterol in laying hens.
Study on the species-specificity of Isospora michaelbakeri by experimental infection
Authors: Tung K. , Liu J. , Cheng F. , Yang C. , Tu W. , Wang K. , Shyu C. , Lai C. , Chou C. , Lee W.
Published: February 2007

Isospora michaelbakeri
is one of the
Isospora
species most commonly found in the wild field, which can cause severe infection and mortality in young sparrows. In this study, we selected
I. michaelbakeri
(Chung Hsing strain) as a pathogen to orally inoculate russet sparrows (
Passer rutilans
), spotted munia (
Lonchura punctulata
), canary (
Serinus canaria
), Java sparrows (
Padda oryzivora
), chicken (
Gallus domesticus
), ducks (
Anas platyrhynchos
) and BALB/c mice. The results indicated that
I. michaelbakeri
infected only russet sparrows. Infected sparrows displayed lethargy, muscular weakness and fluffy feathers, followed by rapid death. Liver and spleen enlargement was seen in the infected birds. Schizonts were identified in thin smears from the venous blood, enlarged livers and spleens. Histopathological examination revealed schizonts and merozoites from the liver and spleen of infected russet sparrows, but not from other species experimentally inoculated with
I. michaelbakeri
in the present study.
Modeling Additive × Environment and Additive × Additive × Environment Using Genetic Covariances of Relatives of Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Burgueño Juan , Crossa José , Cornelius Paul L. , Trethowan Richard , McLaren Graham , Krishnamachari Anitha
Published: February 2007

In self‐pollinated species, the variance–covariance matrix of breeding values of the genetic strains evaluated in multienvironment trials (MET) can be partitioned into additive effects, additive × additive effects, and their interaction with environments. The additive relationship matrix A can be used to derive the additive × additive genetic variance–covariance relationships among strains, Ã. This study shows how to separate total genetic effects into additive and additive × additive and how to model the additive × environment interaction and additive × additive × environment interaction by incorporating variance–covariance structures constructed as the Kronecker product of a factor‐analytic model across sites and the additive (A) and additive × additive relationships (Ã), between strains. Two CIMMYT international trials were used for illustration. Results show that partitioning the total genotypic effects into additive and additive × additive and their interactions with environments is useful for identifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines with high additive effects (to be used in crossing programs) as well as high overall production. Some lines and environments had high positive additive × environment interaction patterns, whereas other lines and environments showed a different additive × additive × environment interaction pattern.
Meta‐analysis of randomized trials comparing anti‐embolic devices with standard PCI for improving myocardial reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kunadian Babu , Dunning Joel , Vijayalakshmi Kunadian , Thornley Andrew R. , de Belder, Mark A.
Published: February 2007

Background:

Failure to achieve adequate myocardial reperfusion often occurs during PCI in patients with STEMI. This is in part due to atheromatous and thrombotic distal embolization. Several anti‐embolic devices have been developed to protect against distal embolization during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) to improve myocardial reperfusion and enhance event free survival. Evidence from current studies has not shown a consistent benefit, but anti‐embolic devices continue to be used.

Methods:

We conducted a systemic overview (meta‐analysis) of randomized trials of thrombectomy or distal protection devices versus standard PCI to evaluate the effects of reducing distal embolization during PCI for native vessel acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We identified randomized trials by searching PubMed, OVID, the Cochrane databases, references of articles, and abstracts of conference proceedings (all from September 2000 to October 2005). Each trial tested the hypothesis that anti‐embolic therapy would result in better clinical or angiographic results than standard PCI alone.

Results:

Fourteen trials (n = 2630) were identified comparing a distal protection device or a thrombectomy device (n = 1320) versus standard PCI (n = 1310). When the studies were combined, primary endpoints of death or reinfarction were not improved by the use of anti‐embolic devices (4% [52/1309] vs. 4.5% [59/1303], odds ratio [OR] 0.82 [95% CI 0.55 to 1.24, P= 0.35]). In subgroup analysis, analyzing the class of device separately, use of thrombectomy devices (4.4% [33/758 vs. 4.2% [32/763], OR 0.98 CI 0.53 to 1.83, P = 0.95]), and the use of distal protection device 3.5% [19/551] vs. 5% [27/540], OR 0.68 CI 0.37 to 1.23, P = 0.20]) during PCI for native vessel AMI did not improve the clinical outcome of death or reinfarction. The secondary endpoints of death, reinfarction, and major adverse cardiac events did not improve with the use of anti‐embolic devices.

Conclusion:

The combined experience from randomized trials suggests that the use of anti‐embolic devices does not decrease early mortality or reinfarction during PCI for native vessel AMI. Whether their use improves longer term outcomes is unknown. Further research is needed to clarify the indication and optimal devices for anti‐embolic protection. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal Structures of the ScAgSe2 and Sc1.02Cu0.54Sn1.1S4 Compounds.
Authors: Shemet V. Ya. , Gulay L. D. , Olekseyuk I. D.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Epitaxial Stabilization of a New Multiferroic Hexagonal Phase of TbMnO3 Thin Films.
Authors: Noh Tae Won , et al. et al.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3‐Methylcyclopropene‐3‐carbonitrile as a New Enophile of the Alder‐ene Reaction.
Authors: Ashirov Roman V. , Appolonova Svetlana A. , Shamov Grigory A. , Plemenkov Vitaly V.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NaBrO3/NaHSO4×H2O as a Versatile Reagent System for the Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols and Aldehydes.
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Torabi Shayesteh
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Aminophenyldiphenylphosphinite (APDPP), a New Heterogeneous and Acid Scavenger Phosphinite — Conversion of Alcohols, Trimethylsilyl, and Tetrahydropyranyl Ethers to Alkyl Halides with Halogens or N‐Halosuccinimides.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Gholinejad Mohammad
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Molecular Solomon Link.
Authors: Pentecost Cari D. , Chichak Kelly S. , Peters Andrea J. , Cave Gareth W. V. , Cantrill Stuart J. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein Recognition and Denaturation by Self‐Assembling Fragments on a DNA Quadruplex Scaffold.
Authors: Tagore Debarati M. , Sprinz K. Ingrid , Fletcher Steven , Jayawickramarajah Janarthanan , Hamilton Andrew D.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [3 + 2] Trimethylenemethane Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Stambuli James P. , Silverman Steven M. , Schwoerer Ulrike
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines.
Authors: Wang Jia‐Rui , Fu Yao , Zhang Bei‐Bei , Cui Xin , Liu Lei , Guo Qing‐Xiang
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryls via Coupling Reaction of Aryl Halides with Sodium Tetraphenylborate Catalyzed by MCM‐41‐Supported Thioether Palladium(0) Complex.
Authors: Li Jianying , Huang Yixian , Cai Mingzhong
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Benzonorcaradienes by Gold(I)‐Catalyzed [4 + 3] Annulation.
Authors: Gorin David J. , Dube Pascal , Toste F. Dean
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photo‐ and Thermochromic Spiranes. Part 24. Novel Photochromic Spiropyrans from 2,4‐Dihydroxyisophthalaldehyde
Authors: Alekseenko Yu. S. , Lukyanov B. S. , Utenyshev A. N. , Mukhanov E. L. , Kletskii M. E. , Tkachev V. V. , Kravchenko N. N. , Minkin V. I. , Aldoshin S. M.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold‐Catalyzed and N‐Iodosuccinimide‐Mediated Cyclization of γ‐Substituted Allenamides.
Authors: Hyland Christopher J. T. , Hegedus Louis S.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Acid Promoted Synthesis of 2(3H)‐Benzofuranones.
Authors: Babu B. Ravindra , Bali Shilpika , Sakhuja Rajeev , Jain Subhash C.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aryl Pyrrolidinones via Radical 1,4‐Aryl Migration and 5‐endo‐trig Cyclization of N‐(2‐Bromoallyl)arylcarboxamides.
Authors: Palframan Matthew J. , Tchabanenko Kirill , Robertson Jeremy
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Monomeric and Oligomeric 1,1′‐Methylenebis(1H‐pyrazoles) Containing Ethynyl Fragments.
Authors: Potapov A. S. , Khlebnikov A. I. , Vasilevskii S. F.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Imidazolium Halides Using Dimethylmethyleneammonium Salts as Ring Closing Reagents.
Authors: Mistryukov Electron A.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiazoline Derivatives Free of Lachrymatory Intermediates.
Authors: Bijev Atanas , Prodanova Penka
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Ring Opening of 3,4‐Dichloro‐1,2,5‐thiadiazole with Metal Amides. A New Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted‐1,2,5‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Merschaert Alain , Boquel Pascal , Gorissen Hugo , Van Hoeck Jean‐Pierre , Borghese Alfio , Antoine Luc , Mancuso Vincent , Mockel Anne , Vanmarsenille Michel
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Condensation of 1,1,1‐Trifluoropentane‐2,4‐dione with Benzaldehyde.
Authors: Aliev Z. G. , Gein V. L. , Nosova N. V. , Potemkin K. D. , Kriven'ko A. P.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Transformation of 2‐Aminochromone to 4‐Chlorocoumarin and Its Reaction with Ethylenediamine.
Authors: Ghosh Tarun , Sur Kumar Ranabir , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of 4‐Aryl‐2‐aminobuta‐1,3‐diene‐1,1,3‐tricarbonitriles with CH‐Nucleophiles. Part 1. Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐2,4‐diamino‐8,8‐dimethyl‐6‐oxo‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐chromeno [2,3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitriles (III).
Authors: Ershov O. V. , Melekhin E. A. , Bardasov I. N. , Kayukov Ya. S. , Eremkin A. V. , Nasakin O. E.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hg(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynyl tert‐Butylcarbonate Leading to Cyclic Enol Carbonate.
Authors: Yamamoto Hirofumi , Nishiyama Mami , Imagawa Hiroshi , Nishizawa Mugio
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted N‐Nitroarylation of Some Pyrimidine and Purine Nucleobases.
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Zare Abdolkarim , Parhami Abolfath , Navid Mohammad , Rad Soltani , Nejabat Gholam Reza
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Fused Triazolothienopyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Vas'kevich R. I. , Savitskii P. V. , Zborovskii Yu. L. , Staninets V. I. , Turov A. V. , Chernega A. N.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of 2,3‐Epoxyoctafluorobutane with 2‐Aminobenzenethiol.
Authors: Saloutina L. V. , Zapevalov A. Ya. , Saloutin V. I. , Kodess M. I. , Kirichenko V. E. , Pervova M. G. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tandem [2 + 2] Cycloaddition and Cope Rearrangement in Reactions of Cross‐Conjugated Azatrienes with Conjugated Ketenes: A Facile Single Step Synthesis of Novel Azocinone Derivatives.
Authors: Singh Parvesh , Bhargava Gaurav , Mahajan Mohinder Pl
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New A‐Ring Lactone Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of Platycodon grandiflorum
Authors: Fu Wen‐Wei , Shimizu Noriko , Takeda Tadahiro , Dou De‐Qiang , Chen Baohui , Pei Yue‐Hu , Chen Ying‐Jie
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two New 15‐Deoxycimigenol‐Type and Three New 24‐epi‐Cimigenol‐Type Glycosides from Cimicifuga Rhizome
Authors: Yoshimitsu Hitoshi , Nishida Makiko , Sakaguchi Masahide , Nohara Toshihiro
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Antillatoxin.
Authors: Lee Kiew‐Ching , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrosynthesis of Tryptanthrin.
Authors: Batanero Belen , Barba Fructuoso
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of (+)‐Pseudodeflectusin: Structural Revision of Aspergione B.
Authors: Saito Fumiyo , Kuramochi Kouji , Nakazaki Atsuo , Mizushina Yoshiyuki , Sugawara Fumio , Kobayashi Susumu
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3D QSAR Studies on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors: Comparison of the Quality and Predictivity Among 3D QSAR Models Obtained from Different Conformer‐Based Alignments.
Authors: Pandey Gyanendra , Saxena Anil K.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Cr—Ni—Si (Chromium—Nickel—Silicon) System
Authors: Gupta K. P.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
α‐Lithio Aldehydes, α‐Lithio Ketones, and Related Compounds
Authors: Caine Drury
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Benzyllithium Compounds and (Lithiomethyl)hetarenes
Authors: Reed J. Norm
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Some Bioactive Peptides and Peptidomimetics
Authors: Rajesh B. M. , Iqbal Javed
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation and Enantiomeric Excess Determination of Optically Active BINOL and Derivatives
Authors: Love Brian E.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure and Reactions of Carbon‐Centered α‐Oxy(oxo) Radicals
Authors: Kosobutskii V. S.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
α‐Lithio Vinyl Ethers
Authors: Friesen Rick W. , Sturino Claudio F.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lithium Hydride
Authors: Wietelmann Ulrich
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Platinum Complexes with Cytotoxic Activity: Models for Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies
Authors: de Mier‐Vinue Jordi , Montana Angel M. , Moreno Virtudes
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rh2[MTPA]4, a Dirhodium Complex as NMR Auxiliary for Chiral Recognition
Authors: Duddeck Helmut
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
PULSAR: A Matlab toolbox for parallel magnetic resonance imaging using array coils and multiple channel receivers
Authors: Ji Jim X. , Son Jong Bum , Rane Swati D.
Published: February 2007

Partial parallel imaging (PPI) techniques using array coils and multichannel receivers have become an effective approach to achieving fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This article presents a Matlab toolbox called PULSAR (Parallel imaging Utilizing Localized Surface‐coil Acquisition and Reconstruction) that can simulate the data acquisition and image reconstruction, and analyze performance of five common PPI techniques. PULSAR can simulate sensitivity functions of rectangular loop coils using a quasi‐static model based on Biot‐Savart's Law and undersampled multichannel data acquisition on a rectilinear k‐space grid. In addition, PULSAR provides performance evaluation of the techniques based on artifact power (AP), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and computational complexity. In this article, the structure and functionality of the PULSAR toolbox are described. Examples using both the simulated and real four‐channel and eight‐channel data were used to demonstrate the utilities of the toolbox and to show that PULSAR is a convenient and effective means to study the PPI under different coil geometries, acquisition strategies, and reconstruction methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 24–36, 2007
Diversity and Zoogeography of Rotifera (Monogononta) in a Flood Plain Lake of the Ichilo River, Bolivia, with Notes on Little‐Known Species
Authors: Segers Hendrik , Ferrufino Niniver L. , de Meester Luc
Published: February 2007

Results are presented on a study of the momentary species diversity of Rotifera in “Laguna Bufeos”, a flood plain lake of the Ichilo River in Bolivia. A total of 104 morphospecies of monogonont Rotifera were identified from three samples collected on June 1, 1997. The species record includes 11% Neotropical endemics, 5% pantropical and 13% tropicopolitan taxa. Four taxa, viz. Aspelta lestes Harring and Myers, 1928; Colurella denticauda Carlin, 1939; Ptygura intermedia (Davis, 1867) and Trichocerca kostei Segers, 1993 are newly recorded from South America, 67 morphospecies are new to the Bolivian fauna. Notes are added on some selected taxa. Brachionus amazonica Koste and Robertson, 1983 (stat. nov.) is elevated to morphospecies rank.
Thermal Properties and Morphology of Poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐Hydroxyvalerate) with Poly(Caprolactone Triol) Mixtures
Authors: Wessler Katiusca , Nishida Maurício Hajime , da Silva João , Pezzin Ana Paula Testa , Pezzin Sérgio H.
Published: February 2007

Aiming the development of new ductile and porous biodegradable materials, blends of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate), P(3HB‐co‐3HV), and polycaprolactone triol, PCL‐T, with compositions varying from 100/0 to 70/30 P(3HB‐co‐3HV)/PCL‐T (w/w), were obtained by casting. The phase behavior, the morphology and the crystallinity of P(3HB‐co‐3HV)/PCL‐T blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. DSC analyses showed that the glass transition temperature of P(3HB‐co‐3HV) decreases with the addition of PCL‐T up to 15 wt%, evidencing that mixtures with higher PCL‐T contents provide more flexible films, acting as a plasticizer, but the porosity and onset degradation temperature of P(3HB‐co‐3HV) are not affected.
Asymptotic stabilization of the hanging equilibrium manifold of the 3D pendulum
Authors: Chaturvedi Nalin A. , McClamroch N. Harris
Published: February 2007

The 3D pendulum consists of a rigid body, supported at a fixed pivot, with three rotational degrees of freedom; it is acted on by gravity and it is fully actuated by control forces. The 3D pendulum has two disjoint equilibrium manifolds, namely a hanging equilibrium manifold and an inverted equilibrium manifold. This paper shows that a controller based on angular velocity feedback can be used to asymptotically stabilize the hanging equilibrium manifold of the 3D pendulum. Lyapunov analysis and nonlinear geometric methods are used to assess the global closed‐loop properties. We explicitly construct compact sets that lie in the domain of attraction of the hanging equilibrium of the closed‐loop. Finally, this controller is shown to achieve almost global asymptotic stability of the hanging equilibrium manifold. An invariant manifold of the closed‐loop that converges to the inverted equilibrium manifold is identified. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the quality of used frying oils by treatment with activated carbon and silica
Authors: McNeill John , Kakuda Yukio , Kamel Basil
Published: February 2007

This study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of activated carbon and silica in removing the degradation products present in used frying oils. Two batches of canola oil were treated with mixtures of activated carbon and silica. Three levels of activated carbon (3%, 6%, 9%, wt/wt) were blended with three levels of a silica compound (2%, 4%, 6%, wt/wt) in all nine possible combinations. Oil 1 was prepared by continuous heating in the lab, and oil 2 was obtained from a small potato‐frying operation. For each treatment combination of silica and carbon, the average percent decrease for acid value, peroxide value, photometric color, polar compounds, saturated carbonyls and unsaturated carbonyls was 53.9%, 39.4%, 38.3%, 27.5%, 54.0% and 27.3%, respectively, for oil 1, and 51.1%, 53,5%, 49.7%, 16.3%, 58.9% and 39.0%, respectively, for oil 2. The levels of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids decreased by 28%, 33% and 35%, respectively, following heat treatment but were shown to increase by 1 to 5% after adsorbent treatment. The yield of treated oil ranged from 56 to 83%.
High temperature reactions of fats with amino acids
Authors: Sims R. J. , Fioriti J. A.
Published: February 2007

Heating of fatty esters with α‐amino acids at temperatures above 150 C gave substantial yields of N‐substituted amides. The reaction involves decarboxylation of the amino acid and displacement of the alcohol moiety by the amine which is formed. Decarboxylation is a ca. zero order reaction in which the ester group is involved directly. It is suggested that these observations are consistent with a concerted mechanism. Only the simple α‐amino acids, which contain no additional functional groups, yielded significant amounts of N‐substituted amides under these conditions.