bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aproximación a la navegación autónoma de una plataforma móvil, mediante visión estereoscópica artificial
Authors: Riveros Guevara Adriana , Salas López Cindy Natalia , Solaque Guzmán Leonardo
Published: June 2016

La visión artificial intenta capturar información relevante del medio ambiente, utilizando cámaras como sensores de ciertas características (formas, colores, texturas, etc.), para el funcionamiento adecuado de algunos mecanismos. Con el fin de obtener una imagen idéntica al entorno real, es necesario generar imágenes estereoscópicas que nos permita obtener la profundidad y así conseguir una representación en 3D. En este documento se plasma cómo se realizó la integración de un sistema de visión estereoscópica artificial a un robot móvil, con el objetivo de reconocer y seguir el centro de un camino. Dicho sistema se encarga de la adquisición, procesamiento y caracterización de imágenes, utilizando procedimientos fuera de línea para calibrar las cámaras y los métodos en línea para generar el mapa de disparidad, aplicación del operador Canny y la Transformada de Hough, empleando las librerías de OpenCV en un proyecto de Consola Win32 en C++. Es importante mencionar que los algoritmos desarrollados en este trabajo fundamentalmente son para ambientes estructurados. Los ambientes pueden clasificarse en: estructurados, no estructurados y semi-estructurados
Modifications of the Method for Calculating Absolute Drug Bioavailability
Authors: Jiang Wei , Yang Juan-juan , Cao Lei , Xiao Xue , Shi Xiao-lian , Cao Yong-xiao
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Absolute bioavailability (F) is calculated as the ratio of the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) between extravascular administration and intravenous injection. However, as distribution of a drug after intravenous administration does not reach an equilibrium in the body during the distribution phase, the plasma drug concentration at this phase does not reflect the total amount of drug in the body. The goal of this paper was to analyze the insufficiencies of the method for calculating on absolute bioavailability and to propose a modification to improve the calculation. Methods: Literature reporting absolute bioavailability published during 1983-2014 was searched for ten drug candidates. Plasma drug concentrations representing the amount of drug in the body were then calculated at each time point during the distribution phase according to the plasma drug concentration-time relationship during the elimination phase. Results: The AUC values based on the distribution equilibrium drug concentrations following intravenous injection were 75%±11% of the actually measured drug concentrations in the literature. The absolute bioavailability values in the literature were 76%±12% of the actual bioavailability based on the AUCs from distribution-equilibrium drug concentrations. Conclusions: The present method underestimates the absolute drug bioavailability and should be modified to represent the data more accurately. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Library Assessment and Quality Assurance - Creating a Staff-Driven and User-Focused Development Process
Authors: Carlsson Håkan
Published: June 2016

Objective – Gothenburg University Library has implemented a process with the goal to combine quality assurance and strategic planning activities. The process has bottom-up and top-down features designed to generate strong staff-involvement and long-term strategic stability.

Methods – In 2008 the library started implementing a system in which each library team should state a number of improvement activities for the upcoming year. In order to focus the efforts, the system has gradually been improved by closely coupling a number of assessment activities, such as surveys and statistics, and connecting the activities to the long-term strategic plan of the library.

Results – The activities of the library are now more systematically guided by both library staff and users. The system has resulted in increased understanding within different staff groups of changing external and internal demands, as well as the need for continuous change to library activities.

Conclusion – Library assessment and external intelligence are important for tracking and improving library activities. Quality assurance and strategic planning are intricate parts in sustainable development of better and more effective services. The process becomes more effective when staff-driven and built upon systematic knowledge of present activities and users.
Using Photo-Elicitation with Native American Students to Explore Perceptions of the Physical Library
Authors: Neurohr Karen A. , Bailey Lucy E.
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective – This research project explored Native American students’ perceptions of the Edmon Low Library at Oklahoma State University (OSU). The study sought to understand how Native American students perceived the role of the academic library in their lives, and which elements of the library students depicted and described as holding meaning for them.

Methods – Photo-elicitation, a form of visual research and a participatory research method, was the primary method chosen to explore students’ perceptions of the library. To qualify for this study, students self-identified as Native American and as frequent library users. They also had completed three or more semesters of study at OSU. Five students followed a photo prompt for taking at least fifteen pictures of the library, then participated in two separate interviews with the primary researcher. Participants also completed a demographic/questionnaire form, answered semi-structured questions, and ranked the photos they took.

Results – This study produced several emergent findings. First, students expressed uncertainty about the library’s books. Second, functional library tools such as express printers and library signage played a valuable role for facilitating student work. Third, the method of photo-elicitation was enjoyable for students and served as library discovery. Fourth, Native American resources and exhibits in the library had varied salience for students.

Conclusion – Limited research focuses on Native American students in academic libraries, particularly on how students use and experience the library. Exploring how individual students who identify as Native American perceive the university library enhanced our understanding of how libraries in Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) can best serve and support students. This study provided insight into the method of photo-elicitation interviews. This research also provided practical benefits for student participants through increased library knowledge.
Laying the Groundwork for a New Library Service: Scholar-Practitioner & Graduate Student Attitudes Toward Altmetrics and the Curation of Online Profiles
Authors: Reed Kathleen , McFarland Dana , Croft Rosie
Published: June 2016

Objective – In order to inform a library service related to creating and maintaining online scholarly profiles, we sought to assess the knowledge base and needs of our academic communities. Participants were queried about use, issues, and attitudes toward scholarly profile and altmetric tools, as well as the role librarians could play in assisting with the curation of online reputation.

Methods – Semi-structured interviews with 18 scholar-practitioners and 5 graduate students from two mid-sized universities.

Results – While all participants had Googled themselves, few were strategic about their online scholarly identity. Participants affirmed the perception that altmetrics can be of value in helping to craft a story of the value of their research and its diverse outputs. When participants had prior knowledge of altmetrics tools, it tended to be very narrow and deep, and perhaps field-specific. Participants identified time as the major barrier to use of scholarly profile and altmetrics tools.

Conclusions – Librarians are well-placed to assist scholar-practitioners who wish to curate an online profile or use altmetrics tools. Areas of assistance include: personalized support, establishment of goals, orientation to specific tools, orientation to altmetrics and scholarly promotion landscape, preparing users for potential difficulties, discussing copyright implications, Open Access education, and guidance with packaging content for different venues and audiences.
Call for Proposals: C-EBLIP Fall Symposium 2016
Authors: . .
Published: June 2016

No abstract.
Analiza argumentu zdrowia publicznego w dyskusji nad legalizacją miękkich narkotyków
Authors: Grotkowska Katarzyna , Kobyliński Konrad
Published: June 2016

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza argumentu zdrowia publicznego w kontekście debaty nad legalizacją miękkich narkotyków. W pierwszej części przybliżona zostaje treść pojęć, które występują w kontekście prezentowanego tematu. Na dalszych stronach przedstawiona zostaje analiza pojęcia zdrowia publicznego występującego w terminologii prawniczej. Analiza funkcjonowania tego pojęcia oraz argumentów budowanych na jego podstawie prowadzi do wniosku, że argument ze sfery zdrowia publicznego w dyskusji nad legalizacją miękkich narkotyków jest mało przekonywający oraz brakuje mu solidnej teoretycznej podbudowy. Mimo to zdrowie publiczne wciąż pozostaje jednym z najczęściej podnoszonych argumentów w dyskursie narkotykowym, w ostatniej części pracy – w oparciu o badania J. Haida z zakresu psychologii moralności − przedstawione zostaje możliwe wyjaśnienie faktu, dlaczego argument ze sfery zdrowia publicznego cieszy się nieustającą popularnością.
Cardiovascular effects of histamine H3 receptor antagonist JNJ 5207852 in haemorrhagic shock in rats
Authors: Jochem Jerzy , Mitera Agata , Izydorczyk Marta , Nowak Damian , Waliczek Martyna
Published: June 2016

Wstęp

Receptory histaminowe H3 występują w ośrodkowym i obwodowym układzie nerwowym, w tym na zakończeniach pozazwojowych układu współczulnego. Działają głównie jako presynaptyczne auto- i heteroreceptory, są odpowiedzialne za regulację syntezy oraz wydzielania histaminy i innych neurotransmiterów/neuromodulatorów. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu zablokowania receptorów H3 na czynność układu krążenia podczas fazy hamowania aktywności układu współczulnego w modelu wstrząsu krwotocznego u szczurów.

Materiał i metody

Badania przeprowadzono u szczurów samców szczepu Wistar, w znieczuleniu ogólnym przy użyciu ketaminy i ksylazyny (100 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg dootrzewnowo), u których wywołano nieodwracalny wstrząs krwotoczny ze średnim ciśnieniem tętniczym (MAP) 20-25 mmHg (wskaźnik przeżycia 2 h: 0%). W 5 min krytycznej hipotensji zwierzętom podawano dożylnie antagonistę receptorów H3 JNJ 5207852 bądź 0,9% roztwór NaCl.

Wyniki

Krwotok prowadził do obniżenia ciśnienia tętna (PP) i częstości rytmu serca (HR). JNJ 5207852 (1 i 5 mg/kg) wywoływał długotrwałe wzrosty MAP, PP i HR, a także zwiększenie do 100% wskaźnika przeżycia 2 h (5 mg/kg). Chemiczna sympatektomia wykonana przy użyciu 6-hydroksydopaminy (50 mg/kg przez trzy kolejne dni) hamowała zmiany MAP, PP i HR wywoływane przez JNJ 5207852 (5 mg/kg) i zmniejszała do 0% wskaźnik przeżycia 2 h.

Wnioski

Antagonista receptorów histaminowych H3 JNJ 5207852 wywołuje efekt resuscytacyjny u szczurów we wstrząsie krwotocznym, a jego mechanizm działania związany jest z aktywnością pozazwojowych neuronów układu współczulnego.
Contemporary Issues in Cybersecurity
Authors: Katzan Harry
Published: June 2016

The effectiveness of modern computer applications is normally regarded as a function of five basic attributes of secure computer and information systems: availability, accuracy, authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity.  The concepts generally apply to government, business, education, and the ordinary lives of private individuals.  The considerations normally involve extended Internet applications – hence the name Cybersecurity.  Achieving and maintaining a secure cyberspace is a complicated process, and some of the concerns involve personal identity, privacy, intellectual property, the critical infrastructure, and the sustainability of organizations.  The threats to a secure operating infrastructure are serious and profound: cyber terrorism, cyber war, cyber espionage, and cyber crime, to which the technical community has responded with safeguards and procedures, usually supplied by the private sector.  This paper provides a comprehensive view of security in the cyber domain with the ultimate objective of developing a science of cybersecurity.
Effects of the ripening conditions in the vineyard on growth and yield components in the following season
Authors: Duchêne Eric , Monamy Christine , Langellier François , Jaegli Nathalie , Salber R. , Meluc Dominique , Panigai Laurent
Published: June 2016

In order to assess the effects of reserves level on yield components in the following season, two leaf/fruit ratio were created on three trials in 2000 in the vineyard in Alsace, Burgundy and Champagne for different varieties. Significant differences did not exist for all the situations but could affect the leaf area as well as the potential photosynthetic activity in the following season. Hedging weights were sometimes reduced up to 30%. Yield components such as the number of primary shoots, the number of inflorescences per plant and the number of flowers per inflorescence could be affected in 2001. Analysis of the effects of growth on fruit set showed that whereas the number of berries per shoot appeared related to the leaf area on the main stem, the growth of laterals, also enhanced by good ripening conditions during the previous season, could be detrimental to seed formation. Yield reduction reached 30 % for Gewurztraminer but could also be observed on Chardonnay or Pinot noir.
The behaviour of four red grapevine varieties of Val de Loire according to climatic variables
Authors: Barbeau Gérard , Bournand Sylvain , Champenois Réjane , Bouvet Marie-Hélène , Blin Alain , Cosneau Michel
Published: June 2016

The behaviour of 4 grapevine varieties - Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay noir and Grolleau noir – was studied from 1988 to 1998 at the INRA experimental Station, in Montreuil-Bellay, France. Very contrasted climatic years occurred within this period. The study of some phenological stages allowed to classify the varieties in 2 groups of maturation : early for Gamay and Grolleau, late for Cabernets. The former had large berries (>2 g), the latter small berries (<1,5 g). Sugar content of Cabernets and Gamay was much higher than for Grolleau, respectively >190 g/L and <170 g/L. For a same maturity index, titratable acidity of Gamay was higher than Grolleau, and Cabernet Sauvignon higher than Cabernet franc. Malic acid was identified as explaining better the acidity level. The anthocyanin content and polyphenolic index of late varieties was superior to those of the precocious ones. The variety and the climate of the vintage play an important role on final grape composition. Berry weight, sugar content, titratable acidity and malic acid could be explained by simple climatic variables, mainly temperature and rainfall during the vegetative cycle as well as wind velocity before harvest. For the phenolic compounds, the analysis looked more complex ; it seemed that the climatic variables had only a minor effect after veraison, but the role of each one of them before this stage is still to be understood.
Determination of bud fertility as a simple method for the determination of harvesting volume in Vitis vinifera L. cv Tannat, using two pruning systems
Authors: Ferrer Mila , Abella Juan Manuel , Sibille Ivette , Camussi Gianfranca , Gonzales-Neves Gustavo
Published: June 2016

Bud fertility was estimated in two commercial vineyards of Vitis vinifera cv. Tannat in the southern region of Uruguay; it was carried out in two periods: 1983-1986 (essay A) and 2001,2002,2003 (essay B). The information about bud fertility and yield obtained in the essay A was used as a historical series. The essay B begun in the year 2001. In the two essays, two pruning systems were evaluated: Guyot and cordon de Royat.

The pruning system has a very important influence on the bud fertility and therefore on the yield. The Guyot type of pruning, showed for all the years involved in the essay a tendency to higher yields, if it is compared to the Cordon de Royat type of pruning.

The study of the bud fertility, yield and the pruning type for a vineyard during a number of years, can be used as a tool to predict the harvest volume.
Observation on the refermentation of sweet Botrytis-affected wines
Authors: Divol Benoit , Lonvaud-Funel Aline
Published: June 2016

Botrytis-affected wines are microbiologically unstable. Fermentation can occasionally occur during maturing time or bottle-ageing. However, wines which undergo refermentations seem to be free of yeasts. This work deals with microbial aspects and ecology of wines during alcoholic fermentation, then during refermentation. Yeast survival after stopping the alcoholic fermentation by sulphur dioxide addition is considered. Results suggest that most yeasts could survive in sweet wine under the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. The increase of acetaldehyde these wines in response to sulfiting is known for long time but not the conditions of its formation. In this work we show that it is probably the key of the refermentation phenomenon, through the increase of the binding power. During maturing successive cycles occur: acetaldehyde consumption, revival, death and/or new enter into VBNC state accompanied by acetaldehyde formation which increased the binding power. Then as molecular SO2 became too low, yeasts could start a new fermentation. In this work, an ecology study was also undertaken, to understand the effect of SO2 on yeast biodiversity. Most of the fermentative yeasts could survive especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces sp., together with other yeast genera. In regard to Saccharomyces cerevisiae only which is often responsible for the refermentation phenomenon, this work concluded on the decrease of strain diversity to only one or two strains, in spite of the high degree of diversity during the alcoholic fermentation. The intra-species selection probably conducted to sulfite-resistant strains.
Determination of lead and cadmiun in vineyard soils, grapes and wines of the Azores
Authors: Ribeiro de Lima María Teresa , Cabanis Marie-Thérèse , Matos Lurdes , Cassanas Geneviève , Kelly Mary T. , Blaise Alain
Published: June 2016

This study describes the determination of lead and cadmium in vineyard soils of three regions of the Azores, and in the grapes and wines produced in those regions. The elements were analysed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS); wines were analysed without prior sample pre-treatment; grapes and soils were analysed after microwave digestion. Soils were also analysed by an alternative technique in order to establish the soluble fraction of these minerals directly assimilable by the plant. Statistical analysis revealed that the amounts of these minerals in wines are 28 μg/l and 0.58 μg/l for lead and cadmium, respectively. The levels of pollution by these elements is significantly lower in the Azores by comparison with other regions (according to literature values).
Adaptative anatomical characteristics of grapevine leaf in the south of Tunisia
Authors: Ben Salem-Fnayou Asma , Hanana Mohsen , Fathalli Noureddine , Souid Imène , Zemni Hassène , Bessis Roger , Ghorbel Abdelwahed
Published: June 2016

The adaptation qualities of local (Razegui, Asli) and introduced (Cardinal) grapevine cultivars were evaluated through an experimental test carried out in the Tunisian Sahara (Rjim-Mâatoug), characterized by severe environmental conditions (temperature, light intensity, sirocco and salinity). These adaptation qualities were evaluated on an anatomical and ultrastructural scale.

Thus, the histological study showed a significant difference in vine leaf blade thickeness between the north and the south, in Cardinal cultivar. The Scanning Electron Microscope results showed a remarkable difference in the leaf epidermic cell shapes between the north and the south-cultivated varieties. We think that this difference is due to abundant epicuticular wax deposits observed as irregular crystalloid plates which are definitely more abundant in the northern leaf samples than in the southern. In parallele, the transverse leaf blade section showed thicker « cuticle and outer epidermal cell wall » in the southern leaf samples than in the northern. Besides, the transmission microscopy observations confirmed the thickening of the abaxial epidermis surface, which is mainly attributed to the cell wall simultaneously with a wax accumulation across the cuticule, in the Sahara.
Life Insurance sector in India: A decade of change
Authors: Dutta Mitali
Published: June 2016

Life insurance industry has gone through various phases of change in India since its humble beginning in 1938 with the enactment of Insurance Act. After liberalization and privatization, there were drastic changes in the industry since the 2000. The entry of private and global players saw a drastic change in approach. New products were launched and so also the service and operations were boasted to cater to the increasing need of the customers. Apart from improvement in product variants and services, the cut throat competition also brought in misspelling where customers plunged into the purchase of unit linked policies with the promise of quick and higher returns. There is huge scope for growth in this industry since there still exists a very large number of uninsured population in India. In a country like India where the social security is not covered by the government, creating awareness for getting insured is focus of the government. Various policies and programmes have been introduced by the government for this purpose. The paper aims at highlighting the various changes this industry have gone through during the last decade with respect to the perception and buying behaviour of customers and also the various initiatives of the government to increase penetration levels to five per cent by 2020.
Technical Folksonomy of Tagging Information
Authors: Dapsi Sonali , Hatua Sudip Ranjan
Published: June 2016

The Study of the various articles published in Library and Information Science Journals in the resent times shows that the keywords provided by the authors along with their articles are mostly uncontrolled. They are basically phrases. In spite of the knowledge of controlled vocabulary and various subject heading scheme they mostly are using natural word and sentences to represent the thought content of their research outcomes.  This is generating new trends of representing subjects known as technical folksonomy.
Swadhyaya: A Cognitive Therapy for Hostility
Authors: Bajpai Dr. Reena
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Swadhayaya is pondering over good thoughts that links our minds with the knowledge of saints and sages and thus enlightens and re-orients our own thoughts consequently. Hence the aim of this research was to see the effect of Swadhyaya on Hostility.

Scope: Swadhyaya is a great psycho-spiritual intervention, which, if inculcated in the routine life of adolescent girls, can do their cognitive restructuring, which in turn can alleviate hostility.

 

Research Methods:

a)      Sample and Sampling: 14 to 18 years old, 40 subjects were selected with the help of simple random sampling.

b)       Research Design: Randomized two group design was applied to present research work.

c)      Tool: For the assessment of hostility an Indian Modification of the Thematic Apperception Test (T.A.T.) Developed by  Uma Chowdhury was applied.

d)      Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done through MS-Excel software by using .two-samples assuming equal variances.

e)      Result: The results showed significant changes on the basis of which it can be said that swadhyaya as a therapy can be extremely helpful for balancing hostility of the adolescent girls.
Gestão de Unidades de Conservação: Um estudo de caso na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Serra de Baturité-CE
Authors: Silva Jaqueline , Vieira Maria das Graças , Veras Gustavo
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a gestão de uma unidade de conservação, localizada no Estado do Ceará. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, o método utilizado foi o estudo de caso e como instrumento de coleta de dados, realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada com a gerência da área. De acordo com as informações obtidas por meio dos instrumentos de pesquisa concluiu-se que a gestão da área está se reestruturando. Resultados positivos foram observados, no entanto, algumas variáveis gerenciais, como o aumento do quadro funcional, precisam ser reformuladas.
CONHECENDO A EXPERIÊNCIA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO PRONTUÁRIO ELETRÔNICO DO PACIENTE NO HOSPITAL DE BASE DE SÃO JOSÉ DO RIO PRETO
Authors: Rondina João Marcelo , Canêo Paula Krauter , Campos Mariana Santos de
Published: June 2016

Os sistemas de Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente (PEP) tornaram-se cada vez mais atrativos para instituições de saúde que buscam unir informações clínicas e administrativas. Realizado cinco anos após a implantação do PEP no Hospital de Base em São José do Rio Preto, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a experiência com a nova ferramenta, a partir da análise das principais vantagens e desvantagens deste sistema segundo profissionais da saúde. Esta pesquisa incluiu 68 profissionais da saúde vinculados ao Hospital de Base, com idade entre 18 a 75 anos e que estavam envolvidos diariamente, em 2014, com a utilização do PEP. O estudo concluiu que apesar das desvantagens, da necessidade de constante aprimoramento do sistema e da importância de uma capacitação mais adequada dos profissionais para fazer uso do software, 59% dos entrevistados consideram o prontuário eletrônico mais vantajoso no trabalho dos profissionais de saúde e 65% consideram mais vantajoso para o tratamento dos pacientes.
Gestión del conocimiento, innovación para el crecimiento empresarial
Authors: Osorno Balbín Alexander , Oquendo Gómez Eliana María , Monsalve Trujillo Ivania Isabel , Martínez Gómez Jormaris
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo de investigación expone mediante un proceso de documentación, referencia y modelos, la gestión documental y del conocimiento de una entidad hospitalaria del departamento de Antioquia, evidenciando el estado en el que se encuentra dicho modelo y como por medio de una estrategia en la gestión del conocimiento denominada empoderamiento, se trasformarán de manera eficaz la innovación y el conocimiento en dicha entidad.Es por esto que la gestión del conocimiento se plantea como un nuevo enfoque de investigación ligado a las organizaciones, que integra la teoría de las mismas, las estrategias gerenciales y el factor humano, con el propósito de dar herramientas a la dirección estratégica acerca de los procedimientos y procesos que se llevan a cabo dentro de las organizaciones, teniendo como fin último de estas, documentar, conservar y compartir los conocimientos con el talento actual y el venidero.La investigación, de enfoque cualitativo y perspectiva hermenéutica y fenomenológica, se llevó a cabo en el Hospital Marco Fidel Suárez; en la misma, se analizó en el ámbito organizacional el modelo de gestión de conocimiento de dicha Institución.
Multiple response optimization of the effect of thyme essential oil against Listeria monocytogenes in ground meat at different times and temperatures
Authors: Tornuk Fatih , Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin , Ozturk Ismet , Sagdic Osman , Arici Muhammet , Durak Muhammed Zeki , Bayram And Mustafa
Published: June 2016

Response surface methodology was used to optimize conditions (e.g., Thyme oil concentration [0.0–0.57%] and storage temperature [0.0-14.14ºC]) for inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes (log cfu/g) in ground meat. Additionally, the effect of the variables; namely, temperature and concentration on µmax (maximum specific growth rate, ln cfu/g/h) values was also evaluated using a proposed combined model. The best fitting second order polynomial models were developed for each response using multiple linear regression analysis with backward elimination regression (BER) procedure. In this paper, multi-response surfaces using desirability function approaches were successfully applied to determine optimum operating conditions. Under these optimum treatment and storage parameters, L. monocytogenes populations at hours 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 were 6.12, 5.96, 5.88, 5.81 and 5.41 log cfu/g and 0.001 ln cfu/g/h, respectively and μmax value 0.001 ln cfu/g/h. At the end, the proposed combined model is described numerically and experimentally.
Establishment of a Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus
Authors: Xue Qinghong , Guo Hui , Feng Zhongze , Wang Jia
Published: June 2016

Avian encephalomyelitis is an epidemic disease caused by avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), which exerts egg drop, slow growth, decreased egg hatchability, rapid tremors and ataxia of the head and neck in chicks and laying hens. The availability of a robust diagnostic assay to confirm the infection of AEV is important for its prevention and control. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate a rapid Real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection and quantification of AEV. The authors developed and validated a TaqMan-based fluorescent real-time RT-PCR with sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility for rapid detection of EAV. This assay was then applied on 52 clinical samples from 37 suspected chickens. The minimal detection limit of this method was 20 copies. No cross-reactivity with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian influenza virus (AIV), Marek’s disease virus (MDV) or avian leukosis virus (ALV) was observed. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were both below 2%. Of the 52 clinical samples analyzed using this assay, 33 samples were positive for AEV, yielding an agreement rate of 91.2% with RT-PCR and 88.2% with the agar diffusion test. In conclusion, we have successfully developed and validated a sensitive Real-time RT-PCR for rapid detection of AEV, which could be used in the early diagnosis, prevention and control, and epidemiological investigation of AEV.
Mammalian and insect metalloproteases
Authors: Bajda Milena , Łoś Aleksandra , Schulz Michał , Kasperek Kornel
Published: June 2016

Metalloproteases (metalloproteinases, MMP) digest extracellular matrix proteins. They have zinc ions (Zn2+) in their active site. They are synthesized within cells as proenzymes, to be subsequently activated in the extracellular environment. MMP are active in a neutral or slightly alkaline pH in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Cells that synthesize metalloproteases also produce metalloprotease inhibitors. Until now, 4 of MMP inhibitors as well as 28 endometalloproteases have been discovered, out of which 22 occur in humans. On the other hand, these enzymes have not been well explored in insects, in which only 2 metalloproteases were identified (Ance and ECE). Their optimal activity ranges between pH 7.0 and 9.4. MMP inhibitors control the concentration of metalloproteases in physiological conditions. They fall within two types: specific tissue MMP inhibitors and non-specific plasma MMP inhibitors. Metalloproteases and their inhibitors play an important role in both physiological and pathological processes in the organism. Metalloproteases are cell growth promotors. They inhibit/induce apoptosis, stimulate the development of healthy cells and control the activity of neoplastic cells both in people and in insects. Their activity is increased in skin and periodontal diseases, in arthritis, arteriosclerosis or in the period following myocardial infarction. In insects the activity of MMPs is also increased by environmental pollution, by the use of antibiotics and varroacides. The insect MMPs participate in digestion, biosynthesis of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, and melanisation. They also affect the development of the reproductive system and the development of larvae and pupae, as well as prevent pathogen invasions. Worthy of special attention is the insect cuticle defensive barrier associated with MMP. Activation of metalloproteases is dependent on the physiological state of the organism, as well as on environmental pressure. Analyzing activities of metalloproteases and their inhibitors enables better monitoring of the pathological conditions in both insects and mammals.
OPTIMALISASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER UNTUK MENUMBUH KEMBANGKAN KEMANDIRIAN ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS (ABK)
Authors: Hamli Syaifullah Supangat Rohani
Published: June 2016

Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus merupakan anugerah yang diberikan oleh Allah SWT. Sudah sepatutnya kita harus menjaga, membimbing dan melindunginya agar dirinya merasa menjadi manusia yang utuh. Hal ini sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang No 23 Tahun 2002, Pasal 1 ayat 2 yang berbunyi: Perlindungan anak adalah segala kegiatan untuk menjamin dan melindungi anak dan hak-haknya agar dapat hidup, tumbuh, berkembang, dan berpartisipasi, secara optimal sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat kemanusiaan, serta mendapat perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi. Undang-undang tersebut mengisyaratkan kepada kita bahwa anak memiliki hak yang sama seperti yang dimiliki oleh orang dewasa. Dimana hak tersebut bertujuan untuk melindungi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan sebagai nikmat dari Allah SWT yang harus disyukuri bersama.
Frequency of risk factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy in patients of Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Mahboob Fatima
Published: June 2016

To study the frequency of risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients of chronic liver disease. This is a retrospective, non interventional hospital based observational case study between April 2002 to April 2003 carried out in North Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Two hundred consecutive patients of chronic liver disease presenting with hepatic encephalopathy were studied. The frequency of risk factors was 47%, due to infections, 30% due to GIT bleeding, 19% due to constipation, 4% due to miscellaneous factors. Early recognition of the precipitating factors improves the prognosis and final outcome.
Aetiological factors of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Asifi Muhammad , Choudary Muhammad Shahbaz , Ghazanfar Abbas
Published: June 2016

Acute pancreatitis is a non-bacterial inflammation of pancrease. It is caused by a variety of aetiological factors. The two most common being gall stones and alcoholism. Tegether they account for 80%0 cases of acute pancreatitis. The other causes are abdominal trauma, hyperlipidaemia, hypercalcaemia and viral infections. This descriptive, non-interventional case report study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from March 1998 to February 2000, to study the aetiological factors in our circumstances. It included 45 patients with mean age of 45 years and male to female ratio of 1:1. Gall stones were the commonest factor in 53.33% (n=24), followed by abdominal trauma is 28.88% (n=13). Alcohol in take, ERCP, hyperlipidaemia and idiopathic pancreatitis were 6.66%, 4.44%, 4.44% and 2.22% respectively. The overall mortality was 22.22% (n=10).
La discapacidad y su estado actual en la legislación colombiana
Authors: Martínez-Rozo Ana Milena , Uribe-Rodríguez Ana Fernanda , Velázquez-González Héctor José
Published: June 2016

Conocer el estado actual de la legislación Colombiana frente a cinco ámbitos vitales que afrontan las personas con discapacidad: salud, educación, empleo, transporte y accesibilidad; realizando una comparación entre dicha legislación con los resultados encontrados en la encuesta de calidad de vida realizada en el 2012 por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Encuestas DANE y el Informe inicial sobre la Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, se encontró que, aunque existe legislación a favor de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad, el goce efectivo de la salud, la educación, el empleo, el transporte y la accesibilidad es mínimo. Es una población que presenta analfabetismo, un alto porcentaje no se encuentra afiliado al sistema de salud y en el mercado laboral las oportunidades para esta población son escasas. Con respecto al transporte y accesibilidad, entendida esta última como señalización, movilidad y comunicación, aún se encuentran barreras arquitectónicas. Se requiere que el país avance en el cumplimiento de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad, para evitar toda clase de discriminación y marginación garantizando una mejor calidad de vida para todos y se dé un empoderamiento mayor a las personas con discapacidad y la comunidad en general.
Infección por virus del Ébola. Corta historia, larga repercusión
Authors: Vicente-Herrero Mª Teófila , López-González Ángel Arturo , Ramírez-Iñiguez de la Torre Mª Victoria , Capdevila-García Luisa M. , Terradillos-García Jesús , Aguilar-Jiménez Encarna
Published: June 2016

La Infección por Virus Ébola constituye en el momento actual una preocupación creciente en el mundo, aunque su historia se remonta a 1967, con brotes posteriores en 1979, 1980 y 1987, todos ellos en trabajadores por contacto en zonas afectadas. La preocupación de la Comunidad Científica por este tema, puede verse parcialmente reflejada en las publicaciones que recoge MEDLINE, en la base de datos PUBMED y en las que tomando como palabra clave en el buscador (Ebola virus) aparecen 2.151 publicaciones, 984 de las cuales corresponden a los últimos 5 años (45,7%) y 527 de estas publicaciones (el 53,5%) a los años 2014-2015. La primera publicación que consta es de 1977, sin autor listado ni abstract de referencia, y la más reciente de enero del presente año 2015. Todo ello habla de un problema globalizado y que preocupa a la comunidad científica internacional. Se realiza en este trabajo una revisión de algunos de los estudios publicados en esta materia, considerados de interés y comentados por los autores.
Ébola: ¿enfermedad viral o patología social?
Authors: Romero-Rueda José David , Torres-Tovar Mauricio
Published: June 2016

El Ébola es una enfermedad infecciosa viral altamente letal que puede ser producida por una de sus varias cepas, el 8 de agosto del 2014 la Organización Mundial de la Salud la declaró como una “emergencia de salud pública de interés internacional” debido al brote de la cepa Zaire que ha afectado a varios países de África occidental Guinea Conakry, Liberia, Sierra Leona, Malí y Nigeria, y que deja a enero de 2015 un saldo de más de 20.000 personas infectadas y al menos 8000 muertes. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la situación actual de la epidemia, sus consecuencias particulares sobre el personal de atención en salud y su relación con los determinantes en salud de dichas poblaciones.
Calidad del dormir, insomnio y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de medicina
Authors: Monterrosa Castro Alvaro , Ulloque Caamaño Liezel , Carriazo Julio Sol
Published: June 2016

Es alta la prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño en estudiantes universitarios, especialmente de medicina. Los disturbios del dormir repercuten de manera negativa en la salud mental, física y en la calidad de vida. El objetivo es evaluar la calidad del dormir e insomnio y su asociación con el rendimiento académico, en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad pública del Caribe Colombiano. Estudio transversal, realizado en estudiantes de primero a décimo semestre de medicina de la Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia. Se aplicó formulario de datos socio demográfico y académico, así como la Escala de Insomnio de Atenas y el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh. Puntuación de Atenas > 5 indica insomnio y Pittsburgh >5: malos dormidores. Participación voluntaria, estratificada por sexo y semestre. Los datos fueron analizados con Epi-Info 7. Valor de p<0.05 estadísticamente significativo. Participaron 210 estudiantes. Edad: 19.7±2.0. Varones: 49.0%, procedentes de Cartagena: 69%. Promedio académico: 3.8±0.2. Rendimiento académico alto: 31.4%. Se estimaron como malos dormidores el 88.1%. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre buenos dormidores y malos dormidores en cuanto a rendimiento académico. El 46.6% presentaban insomnio. Los estudiantes con rendimiento académico alto, tuvieron significativamente menor presencia de insomnio. Los estudiantes con insomnio y malos dormidores tuvieron presencia significativamente mayor de somnolencia diurna. Se concluye que en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad colombiana fue elevada la presencia de malos dormidores, pero ello no se asoció con el rendimiento académico. El insomnio también fue elevadamente prevalente y si tuvo asociación significativa con el rendimiento académico.
Percepción de la participación de parteras y sanadores tradicionales andinos ecuatorianos en un programa de formación en salud
Authors: Inuca Tocagón Verónica , Icaza Cadena Laura , Recalde Navarrete Ricardo , Cevallos Salazar Jaqueline , Romero Sandoval Natalia
Published: June 2016

El enlace entre la visión sanitaria occidental y la medicina indígena cimienta la identidad colectiva en la formación en salud. Analizar la percepción de la participación en un programa de formación en salud, desde la visión de parteras y sanadores tradicionales de la zona norte andina ecuatoriana. Diseño cualitativo de tipo interpretativo/ explicativo, se realizaron 25 entrevistas a profundidad y tres grupos focales a 20 parteras y 5 sanadores tradicionales, autodefinidos indígenas; el muestreo fue intencionado y razonado, de tipo opinático. Las subcategorías fueron definición de la participación en un programa de formación en salud, rol social y formación en salud y aplicación de la formación. El contraste de la narrativa se analizó a partir del sexo y tipología del informante. La participación en un programa de formación en salud fue descrita como la oportunidad para compartir, recuperar, conservar y fortalecer la medicina tradicional; opinar en cuestiones de salud-enfermedad en escenarios públicos como asambleas, y en escenarios privados como el acto de curar a la gente. La construcción de la participación en un programa de formación en salud, desde los actores de medicina tradicional enriquece el proceso.
Microwave Assisted Facile Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-Indolyl -1, 5-Benzothiazepines
Authors: Nikalje Anna P. G. , Ghodke Mangesh S. , Khan Firoz A. K. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N.
Published: June 2016

Background:

The research work reports facile, eco-friendly microwave- assisted solvent free synthesis of coupled heterocyclic system 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-substitued-2, 3-dihydrobenzo [1, 5] thiazepine derivatives obtained by cyclo condensation of 1-substituted-3(1H-indolyl)-2-propen-1-ones with 2-amino thiophenol in presence of eco-friendly catalyst zirconium(IV) oxy chloride, in solvent-free conditions. The reaction was completed in 3-6 minutes and gives better yields than the conventional synthesis which requires 6-8 hrs.

Result and Conclusion:

The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for antihypertensive activity in Sprague- Dawley rats by tail- cuff method and compared with diltiazem, the standard antihypertensive drug. The data suggested that some of the compounds of the current series exhibited enhanced antihypertensive activity than the standard. As benzothiazepines are bioisosters of benzodiazepines, the synthesized novel indolyl-benzothiazepine derivatives were also screened for CNS activities such as CNS depressant activity by actophotometer and anticonvulsant activity by MES and PTZ model on mice. The title compounds have exhibited good CNS depression and anticonvulsant activity. The compounds thus have shown dual antihypertensive and CNS depressant, anticonvulsant activity and are biologically potential molecules. The molecular docking was performed for the synthesized compounds to assess their binding affinities to GABA-A receptor in order to rationalize their anticonvulsant activities in a qualitative way.
How Methodological Features Affect Effect Sizes in Education
Authors: Cheung Alan C. K. , Slavin Robert E.
Published: June 2016

As evidence becomes increasingly important in educational policy, it is essential to understand how research design might contribute to reported effect sizes in experiments evaluating educational programs. A total of 645 studies from 12 recent reviews of evaluations of preschool, reading, mathematics, and science programs were studied. Effect sizes were roughly twice as large for published articles, small-scale trials, and experimenter-made measures, compared to unpublished documents, large-scale studies, and independent measures, respectively. Effect sizes were significantly higher in quasi-experiments than in randomized experiments. Excluding tutoring studies, there were no significant differences in effect sizes between elementary and middle/high studies. Regression analyses found that effects of all factors maintained after controlling for all other factors. Explanations for the effects of methodological features on effect sizes are discussed, as are implications for evidence-based policy.
Educational Films
Authors: Fuchs Eckhardt , Bruch Anne , Annegarn-Gläß Michael
Published: June 2016

Instructional media serve multiple functions in a school setting. They
can disseminate knowledge and skills while also informing and stimulating
discussion. They not only convey information and support learning
but also foster communication between teachers and pupils and between
classmates and groups. However, despite the significant role of teaching
media other than textbooks in the classroom, educational and media historians
have largely ignored them. This is all the more remarkable because
the current media revolution has made the media themselves particularly
topical. “Contact with and access to media,” states Jelko Peters “presents a
significant and fundamental problem of our time, which is closely linked
with values such as freedom of communication and individual freedoms,
pluralism, access to education as well as involvement in culture and participation
in politics.”
The German Colonies in Die Weltgeschichte als Kolonialgeschichte
Authors: Annegarn-Gläß Michael
Published: June 2016

Academic history has begun only relatively recently to study films as historical
sources, and thus far it has focused principally on feature films to the exclusion
of nonfictional cinema, despite the use of educational films for propaganda as
early as the interwar period. This essay examines the extent to which educational
films of this period employed a range of techniques to reach their viewers and encouraged
them to take the film’s argumentation on board. Categorizing these techniques
as either narrative strategies or visual effects, we contextualize their use by
taking the film Die Weltgeschichte als Kolonialgeschichte (“World History as Colonial
History,” 1926) as an example.
Eulalia Guzmán and Walt Disney’s Educational Films
Authors: Cejudo María Rosa Gudiño
Published: June 2016

Literacy for the Americas was an audiovisual educational program implemented
in Mexico and other Latin American countries in the early 1940s by the
Office of Inter-American Affairs (OIAA). Walt Disney Studios made four short films
that were designed to teach illiterate residents of Latin Americahow to read and
write. In Mexico, this project was initially backed by the Secretariat of Public Education
(SEP) under Jaime Torres Bodet, who appointed Eulalia Guzmán to be the SEP’s
representative and thus to support the program. Walt Disney asked her to work out
a pedagogical proposal for the educational films. This article analyzes the proposal,
the development and production of these shorts, and their reception in Mexico.
It foregrounds Guzmán’s criticisms of these educational materials, which led the
OIAA representatives to withdraw them from circulation.