bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Serum Interleukin-6 Levels and Clinical Response to Anthracycline-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Regimen in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Pratama Fahriansyah Mega , Ghaib Husnul , Ali Iskandar
Published: November 2021

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the initial therapy and the main pillar of treatment for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Currently, there is marker that widely accepted as a predictive factor for chemotherapy response in LABC. Elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and tumor sites have been proposed as prognostic markers for breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between serum IL-6 levels with clinical response after the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a cohort prospective character to determine the relationship between IL-6 serum levels and clinical response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital during April 2021 to September 2021 with a total sample of 38 patients.
Results: Fourteen patients (77.8%) had a positive response in the low IL-6 level group and 4 patients (22.2%) had a negative response. In high IL-6 level group, 4 patients (40%) had a positive response and 16 patients (80%) had a negative response. The cut off of 15.495 pg/mL was used as cut off value for IL-6 to predict the clinical response to chemotherapy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of IL-6 to predict the clinical response after chemotherapy were 80.0%, 77.8%, 80.0%, 77.8%, and 78.9%, respectively.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between serum IL-6 levels and clinical response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients.

Keywords: interleukin-6, clinical response, locally advanced breast cancer.
Transient Complete Heart Block after Percutaneous Transcatheter ASD Device Closure
Authors: Vulli Revanth , Doddakal Nagabhushan , . VikasKadiyala
Published: November 2021

Transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) is associated with increased complications in small children in device size ≥ 19mm or indexed size ≥ 0.18 mm/cm and weight≤ 15 kg. Complete atrioventricular heart block (CHB) is reported as a rare complication of ASD device closure. We report the case of a 7year-old boy, 23kg weight, underwent device closure of ASD and subsequently developed CHB next day after the procedure which was completely resolved by day 3 with steroid treatment. Similar case reports were rarely reported in the literature.

Keywords: atrial septal defect, complete heart block, device/height ratio.
Experience with different techniques of laser coagulation of placental anastomoses to relieve feto-fetal transfusion syndrome in monochorionic diamniotic twins
Authors: Pavlichenko M. V. , Kosovtcova N. V. , Markova T. V. , Pospelova J. Y.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. In recent years, the problem of multiple fetuses has become particularly important, which is associated with a steady increase in the frequency of multiple pregnancies worldwide. The feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS) is a classic example of unbalanced functioning of placental anastomoses, which leads to transfusion between fetuses. The incidence of this syndrome in a group of monochorionic diamniotic twins ranges from 8% to 15% and, in the absence of timely diagnosis and intrauterine correction, leads to death of one or both fetuses in 70-100% of cases. The effect of different methods of intrauterine surgical correction of FFTS in monochorionic diamniotic multiple fetuses on perinatal outcomes is of scientific interest. Purpose of the study — to investigate the effect of different types of laser coagulation of placental anastomosis (LCPA) on perinatal outcomes in intrauterine surgical correction of FFTS. Materials and methods. Depending on the surgical technique used, women were divided into three groups: the total placental anastomosis coagulation method, Group 1 (58 pregnant women); the selective placental anastomosis coagulation method, Group 2 (67 pregnant women); the sequential selective laser coagulation of placental anastomoses, Group 3 (62 pregnant women). Results. We analyzed the results of intrauterine surgical correction of FFTS by different methods of laser coagulation of placental anastomoses in 187 women with monochorionic diamniotic type of placentation of II-IV degrees according to Quintero. We obtained statistically significant differences in many perinatal period indices depending on the LCPA method used. Discussion. Sequential selective LCPA has proven to be the most effective, safe, and promising technique for correction of FFTS. The data obtained indicate possible ways to improve pregnancy prolongation and fetal survival rates after the use of intrauterine surgical correction of placental vascular anastomoses. Conclusion. Sequential selective LCPA has proven to be the best technique to correct FFTS with the least perinatal losses and postoperative complications, as well as the highest efficacy.
Genetic factors influence the survival rate of parotid salivary gland cancer patients
Authors: Engibaryan M. A. , Kostoev I. S. , Maksimov A. Ju. , Prohodnaja V. A. , Kononenko V. I. , Maksjukov S. Ju.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The complex of transcriptional proteins of NF-kB (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) family deservedly attracts attention as a factor capable of determining the course of malignant disease. Its promising study in combination with the expression of proinflammatory gene IL6 in patients with parotid cancer (PSG) is associated with the development of modulation of malignant disease treatment and risk assessment of the disease course. Aims — to determine the effect of the expression activity of the proinflammatory interleukin-6 gene and the NFKB1 transcriptional gene on the survival rate of patients with parotid cancer. Materials and methods. A cohort retrospective study was conducted in two groups. The epidemiological group of patients included 140 people from the cancer registry of Rostov region. The clinical part of the work was carried out on 25 patients with PSG cancer of both sexes aged 50 to 80 years. Followup period of the patients after radical surgery was 18 years. Expression activity of NFKB1 and IL6 genes was estimated by real-time PCR in tumor and conditionally healthy tissue. Patient survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Results. According to the results of the survival analysis in the epidemiological group, the probability that an PSG cancer patient would survive the first year after diagnosis was 95.7%, three years — 82.4%, five years — 70.9% and 10 years — 31.2%. A comparative study of gene expression levels in tumor tissue samples compared to conditionally healthy tissue revealed an increase (p<0.001) in the relative index for both the IL6 gene (5.7 times) and the NFKB1 gene (7.9 times).><0.001) in the relative index for both the IL6 gene (5.7 times) and the NFKB1 gene (7.9 times). Discussion. Analysis of our data showed the possibility of using the complex evaluation of NFKB1 and IL6 gene expression in the cells of tumor samples of PSG cancer tissue obtained during surgery to predict the long-term survival of patients after surgical treatment. Conclusions. The expression profile of NFKB1 gene in tumor tissue was a proven prognostic factor determining the course of the disease in patients with PSG cancer, which should be taken into account when forming the prognosis of the disease. The expression of IL6 gene expression in tumor cells had no independent effect on the survival rate of PSG cancer patients, but contributed to the functional activation of NFKB1 transcription gene.
Epidemiology of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Khozhayev А. А. , Kaidarova D. R. , Dzhakipbaeva А. К. , Smagulova К. К. , Sadykova T. T. , Rubanova A. V. , Amanbekov N. A. , Kemelzhanov А. Т. , Tokbay A. B.
Published: November 2021

Relevance: Today, colorectal cancer is one of the most important health issues in Kazakhstan and worldwide. Colorectal cancer leading positions in the general structure of oncopathologies force clinicians to develop ways to improve its statistical indicators.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2010-2019.

Results: The article presents and analyzes the epidemiological indicators of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade. The incidence trends were studied considering the territorial characteristics, early detection, and neglect indicators for this type of malignant neoplasms in this country. We also analyzed the 5-year survival, one-year fatality, and mortality rates for the studied period. Comprehensive comparative analysis of these epidemiological indicators made it possible to visualize the results of many years of work to improve oncological indicators and formulate further improvement directions.

Conclusions: An analytical assessment of colorectal cancer statistical indicators of over a decade showed an increase in incidence, with some regions leading year to year. However, such indicators as early detection, one-year fatality, and mortality from colorectal cancer have improved.
Германия – США: путь к «сбалансированному партнерству» (1945–2020 гг.)
Authors: Родович Юрий Владиславович
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается эволюция отношений Германии и США с 1945 г. по 2020 г. Первоначально это были отношения между державой-победительницей во Второй мировой войне и побежденной страной. После образования ФРГ они постепенно приобретали характер партнерства, хотя и неравного. С приходом в Белый дом США администрации Д. Трампа наблюдался кризис в двусторонних отношениях, хотя для этого уже существовали определенные предпосылки. В августе 2018 г. руководство ФРГ поставило цель – перейти в отношениях с США к «сбалансированному партнерству». Американский фактор остается одним из важнейших в системе внешнеполитических интересов Германии. ФРГ продолжает трансатлантическое сотрудничество посредством политического диалога, реализации экономических проектов, расширения контактов между гражданскими обществами, взаимодействия в международных организациях, однако намерена твердо отстаивать свои национальные интересы.
PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI PADI MELALUI DISEMINASI TEKNOLOGI DI KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Halil Wardah , Yuniarsih Eka Triana , Arief Farida
Published: November 2021

Penyuluhan merupakan salah satu teknik penyampaian oleh penyuluh kepada pelaku utama dan pelaku usaha agar mereka tahu, mau dan mampu menolong dan mengorganisasikan dirinya agar tercapai kesejahteraan. Salah satu upaya mempercepat transfer teknologi kepada petani/pengguna adalah dengan menggunkan metode penyuluhan yang efektif.SL  PTT merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam mempercepat adopsi teknologi padi, penerapan PTT pada sekolah lapang melibatkan semua pemangku kepentingan dan sumber informasi dalam memberikan informasi terkait PTT padi . Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Cakura kecamatan Polongbangkeng Selatan Kabupaten Takalar, analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Penggunaan teknologi PTT dapat meningkatkan produksi padi  sampai dengan 85%,  Metode Penyuluhan yang disukai petani adalah Sekolah Lapang, Metode Penyuluhan dengan SDMC (Sistem Diseminasi Multi Channel) dalam Sekolah Lapang merupakan metode yang efektif dalam diseminasi teknologi padi.
PERBAIKAN MUTU KAKAO ASAL SOMATIK EMBRIOGENESIS MELALUI SAMBUNG SAMPING DENGAN KLON KAKAO UNGGUL LOKAL
Authors: Salim Salim , Suddin Andi Faisal , Limbongan Jermia
Published: November 2021

Hasil penelitian beberapa tahun sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa tanaman kakao asal somatik embriogenesis (SE) tahun tanam 2009 dan 2012, pertumbuhan dan produksinya belum optimal. Bertolak dari data dan informasi tersebut, maka perlu upaya teknologi peningkatan produksi dan mutu kakao asal SE melalui sambung samping. Tujuan penelitian ini meliputi: a) untuk menganalisis peningkatan kualitas tanaman  kakao asal SE melalui sambung samping, b) untuk menganalisis tanggapan dari petani terhadap peningkatan kualitas tanaman kakao asal SE melalui sambung samping. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Bone dan  Luwu Sulawesi Selatan mulai Januari - Desember 2017. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan split plot dengan petak utama lokasi kegiatan, anak petak perlakuan klon diulang 4 kali. Data yang dikumpulkan mellui pengamatan di lapang. Data yang telah dikumpulkan, ditabulasi dijelaskan, dan dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan Duncan Multiple Range Test (tingkat 5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan petani yang mengusahakan tanaman kakao SE dan melakukan sambung samping dengan klon kakao unggul lokal mempunyai karakteristik usia produktif dan didukung tingkat pendidikan serta pengalaman yang memadai. Pertumbuhan tanaman kakao SE yang disambung dengan klon kakao unggul lokal baik jenis maupun lokasinya memberikan pengaruh beda nyata. Demikian juga petani yang telah mencoba menyambung secara mandiri tanaman kakao SE dengan klon kakao unggul lokal memberikan hasil yang lebih baik. Respon petani terhadap tanaman kakao SE yang disambung dengan sumber entris klon kakao unggul mencapai 60 % sudah melakukan sambung samping. Produktivitas kakao SE yang disambung samping mencapai  1.988 kg/ha. Perbaikan tanaman kakao SE dengan sambung samping memerlukan biaya mencapai Rp. 4.675.000/ha, lebih murah dibandingkan dengan penanaman ulang dengan sambung pucuk mencapai Rp. 13.660.000/ha.
EFEK PENAMBAHAN JERAMI KACANG TANAH TERHADAP KUALITAS SILASE JERAMI JAGUNG
Authors: Ekasari Kartika , Wijaya Andi Ikhsan , Saade Aminuddin
Published: November 2021

Kekurangan pakan pada musim kering dapat diatasi dengan teknologi pengolahan pakan, salah satunya adalah fermentasi jerami jagung. Fermentasi jerami jagung adalah salah satu teknik pengawetan pakan atau hijauan pada kadar air tertentu melalui proses fermentasi oleh bakteri asam laktat yang disebut silase dan berlangsung di dalam tempat yang disebut silo atau kantung plastik. Kualitas penambahan jerami kacang tanah terhadap pembuatan silase jerami jagung. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan Kualitas dengan penambahan jerami kacang tanah pada pembuatan silase jerami jagung. Metode Kajian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 Perlakuan dan 4 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 16 kemasan silase. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25 jerami kacang tanah cukup efektif digunakan sebagai komponen atau campuran bahan silase jerami jagung, dengan komposisi molases 60 ml, EM-4 3 ml, dedak padi 5%, untuk P0 tanpa jerami kacang tanah, P1:10 % jerami kacang tanah, P2:20% jerami kacang tanah dan P3:30% jerami kacang tanah. Dari hasil uji organeoleptik dan Hasil Lab uji Kimia serat kasar dan protein kasar dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penambahan jerami kacang tanah pada pembuatan silase jerami jagung ditemukan yang terbaik adalah Kualitas Fisik P3 dan Kualitas kimia serat kasar dan protein kasar adalah P3, yaitu jerami Jagung 65%, dedak 5%, jerami kacang tanah 30%.
Synthesis of new distyrylpyridine analogues bearing amide substructure as effective insecticidal agents
Authors: Abdel-Raheem Shaban A. A. , El-Dean Adel M. Kamal , ul-Malik Mokhtar A. Abd , Hassanien Reda , El-Sayed Mohamed E. A. , Abd-Ella Aly A. , Zawam Sameh A. , Tolba Mahmoud S.
Published: November 2021

In examining for unique insecticidal agents, two derivatives namely, 2-((3-cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2-yl)thio)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)acetamide (2) and 3-amino-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,6-distyrylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (3) were synthesized from distyrylpyridine-2-thione (1). The new compounds were structurally clarified by spectral and elemental analysis data. The insecticidal activity of these compounds were carried out against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. It is demonstrated that the compounds 2 and 3 have noteworthy insecticidal activity against nymphs of cowpea aphid with LC50 values of 0.025-0.027 ppm and 0.005-0.006 ppm after 24 h and 48 h of treatment, respectively. Also, the compounds 2 and 3 have noteworthy insecticidal activity against adults of cowpea aphid with LC50 values of 0.112-0.129 ppm and 0.014-0.015 ppm after 24 h and 48 h of treatment, respectively, that were comparable to that of the control acetamiprid.
Biological activity and its related compounds of Red Jasmine rice extracts linked to normal fibroblast viability for cosmetic product
Authors: Tikapunya Tiparat , Pompimon Wilart , Khamjainuk Pongsatorn , Sansomchai Pahol
Published: November 2021

Red jasmine rice is recognized as a healthy food with high phenolic compounds. These compounds present antibacterial and anti-free radical properties. Moreover, colored rice exhibits a biological activity against anticancer. Objectives of this study are 1) exploring a biological screening and cell viability of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of red jasmine rice, 2) investigating cytotoxicity to fibroblast NIH3T3 (IC80) that is one hundred cells were found cell viability 80 cells. Red jasmine rice extracts were dried and transformed into a powder using the freeze-drying method. The extracts were treated with fibroblast NIH3T3 for MTT. The highest of IC50 of red jasmine rice extract to scavenge the DPPH and ABTS radicals was found in ethanol extract (53.20±7.37 and 64.17±5.76, respectively). The experiment showed that the ethanol and aqueous extract of red rice did not show cytotoxicity to fibroblast NIH3T3 (IC80). The extracts of red rice show the biological screening of anti-oxidation with total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents. Moreover, it does not modify the physical properties of the cream formula. It can be concluded that the red rice extract is highly promising for the value addition.
Decision making of maritime development scenario on the impact of naval base for supporting navy ships operations
Authors: Suharyo Okol Sri , Prabowo Ayip Rivai , Krisdiono Eko
Published: November 2021

The Indonesian Navy is the spearhead in maintaining maritime security in Indonesian waters. In carrying out its main tasks, the Indonesian Navy has components of an Integrated Fleet Weapon System in which there are elements of Ships and Naval Bases. To ensure the effectiveness of carrying out operations by ship elements, ship operations are supported by the Naval Base as the organizer of the support function. Naval Base's carrying capacity consists of 5 (five) support functions, including: (1) support for anchoring facilities; (2) support for supply facilities; (3) support for maintenance and repair facilities; (4) support facility maintenance personnel; and (5) support for base development facilities. Naval Base does not yet have its dock to support anchoring facilities for ship operations. In addition to cooperation in the use of the Naval Base anchorage facility, there is also cooperation in port security, both in terms of land and port water aspects. As the number of ship visits at Naval Base Harbor increases, the dock utility increases. The increase in dock utility resulted in a decrease in port services which also resulted in a decrease in the Naval Base Carrying Capacity. To improve port services, Pelindo III implements the port development program contained in the Naval Base Port Master Plan in Permen KP number 792 of 2017. In this study, an analysis of the impact of the Naval Base Port development policy on the carrying capacity of the Naval Base was carried out. The data analysis uses System Dynamics modeling with a simulation period of 30 years in 3 development scenarios, namely short-term scenarios, medium-term scenarios, and long-term scenarios. From the simulation results, it is found that the construction of the Naval Base port affects the Naval Base Carrying Capacity with an average increase of 1.8% in each policy scenario. The increase in Naval Base Carrying Capacity has an effect on increasing Ship Operations by an average of 1.8% and also increasing the Security of Naval Base Harbor by an average of 0.14%. The results of the analysis of this study can be used as consideration for policymaking by the Navy.
Modelling of natural growth with memory effect in economics: An application of adomian decomposition and variational iteration methods
Authors: Johansyah Muhamad Deni , Supriatna Asep K. , Rusyaman Endang , Saputra Jumadil
Published: November 2021

The power-law memory effect is taken into consideration in a generalisation of the economic model of natural growth. The memory effect refers to a process's reliance on its current state and its history of previous changes. However, the study that focuses on natural growth in economics considering the memory effect with fractional order-linear differential equation model is still limited. The current investigation seeks to solve the natural growth with memory effect in the economics model and decide the best model using fractional differential equation (FDE), namely Adomian Decomposition and Variational Iteration Methods. Also, this study assumes the level of consumer loss memory during a certain time interval denoted by a parameter (α). This study showed the model of loss memory effect with 0 < α ≤ 1 given a slowdown in output growth compared to a model without memory effect. Besides that, this study also found that output Y(t) is growing faster with the Variational Iteration method compared to the Adomian decomposition method. Also, using graphical simulation, this study found the output Y(t) is closer to the exact solution with α=0.4 and α=0.9. In conclusion, this study successfully solved natural growth with memory effect in economics and decided the best model between FDE, namely Adomian decomposition and Variational iterative methods using numerical analysis.
Simulation optimization of an inventory control model for a reverse logistics system
Authors: Rachih Hanane , Mhada Fatima Zahra , Chiheb Raddouane
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, companies are recognizing their primordial roles and responsibilities towards the protection of the environment and save the natural resources. They are focusing on some contemporary activities such as Reverse Logistics which is economically and environmentally viable. However, the integration of such an initiative needs flows restructuring and supply chain management in order to increase sustainability and maximize profits. Under this background, this paper addresses an inventory control model for a reverse logistics system that deals with two separated types of demand, for new products and remanufactured products, with different selling prices. The model consists of a single shared machine between production and remanufacturing operations, while the machine is subject to random failures and repairs. Three stock points respectively for returns, new products and remanufactured products are investigated. Meanwhile, in this paper, a modeling of the problem with Discrete-Event simulation using Arena® was conducted. Regarding the purpose of finding, a near-optimal inventory control policy that minimizes the total cost, an optimization of the model based on Tabu Search and Genetic Algorithms was established. Computational examples and sensitivity analysis were performed in order to compare the results and the robustness of each proposed algorithm. Then the results of the two methods were compared with those of OptQuest® optimization tool.
RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOMES FOR SEPTIC COMPLICATIONS AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY
Authors:   Department of General, Visceral and Emergency Surgery, UMHATEM ", Kostov Konstantin ,   N. I. Pirogov",   – Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the postoperative infectious complications after laparoscopic appendectomy of patients with acute appendicitis in UMHATEM "N.I.Pirogov". Material and Methods: For a period of one year from 1.1.2018 to 31.12.2018. a total of 218 patients with acute appendicitis were operated in the General, Visceral and Emergency Surgery Department of UMHATEM "Pirogov". Of these, 143 were laparoscopic apendectomy. Indicators characterizing basic clinical and pathological features (epidemiology, demography, degree of pathological disability), surgical approach and outcomes (postoperative complications, duration of the postoperative period) were analyzed. Results: Of the 143 of the patients- women are 79 (55.24%), male -51 (44.76%). The age of the patients varies from 18 to 79 years. The laparoscopy time interval is 21-117min., and in some cases, with a prolonged operation, the conversions are included. The hospital stay ranged from 2 to 8 days. Postoperative complications were recorded in 13 cases (9.09%) - wound infection in nine (treated with VAC dressing), two patients with (0.92%) intra-abdominal abscess (PTC drained) and other 2-with ileus (with conservative treatment). Conclusion: Aggressive manipulations on infected appendix and irregular lavage can spread bacterial contamination. Compliance with standardized laparoscopic appendectomy rules and systematized training of specialists will significantly improve postoperative results.
EVALUATION OF AN ELECTRONIC PERIODONTAL PROBE VERSUS A MANUAL PROBE IN THE PERIODONTAL DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDREN AGED 12-14 YEARS
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of dental medicine, Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria., Tankova Hristina , Lazarova Zornitsa ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of dental medicine, Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria., Rashkova Maya ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of dental medicine, Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: November 2021

Objective: The purpose of the trial is to comparatively analyze an electronic, pressure-calibrated probe third generation Parometer (Orange) and a standard, manual measurement probe WHO 621 (C type) in the context of taking periodontal variables when assessing periodontal status in childhood. Materials and methods: The subject of the study were 28 children aged between 12 and 14 years (12 boys and 16 girls). All patients were clinically examined, and the data were recorded on a specially prepared card. The recorded clinical variables contain: Assessment of oral hygiene habits (type of toothbrush, frequency of brushing); OHI as per Green Vermillion; Registration of dental status; Depth of gingival sulcus (on all teeth) with both types of probes; BOP (bleeding on probing), percentage of bleeding units with both types of probes; Taking into account the complete time needed to take the findings and the sensation of pain experienced by a digital rank scale during probing. Results and conclusion: The average depth of gingival sulcus measured with a mechanical periodontal probe was 1.62 mm, and with an electronic one - 1.38 mm (p <0.05). Values ​​for BOP with both types of probes showed an average of 0.30 ± 0.29, which is 30% of all bleeding units examined (p> 0.05). The time for recording the periodontal indices with both probes is, on average, 10 minutes. In both probes, the discomfort of about grade 4 was observed according to the ranking scale used to read sensitivity (p <0.05). There is a more pronounced sensitivity when using an electronic periodontal probe.
An Evaluation into the Physical Activities of Housewives at Different Educational Level (Case of Amasya)
Authors: Güler İskender
Published: November 2021

The main premise of this paper is to examine the physical activities of housewives at different educational level in the center of Amasya Province. A total of 340 volunter housewives from different socioeconomic status were randomly recruited. We collected the data through the Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire (PAAQ). We employed descriptive statistics, including mean, standart deviation, minimum and maximum values, frequencies and percentages regarding physical qualities and activities. We performed the a Pearson Correlation Analysis to evaluate the relationships between physical qualities and activities. Based on the statistics, the distribution of the weekly activities of the participants are as follows: 44.4% of housewives walking, 8.8% jogging, 80.0% housework, 51.8% shopping, 52.4% climbing up stairs (40 steps or less). 2.4% doing step-aerobic activities, 24.1% babysitting, 2.6% using a computer and 52.2% watching television. Further, we found that as the education level of housewives increased, their use of cars and reaching a destination on foot increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01); that BMI levels decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with the increase in education levels, working days and on foot transportation, and BMI levels increased (p < 0.01) with the increase in passive recovery times. In conclusion, it can be suggested that housewives in Amasya have some levels of physical activities to some extent, but these activities are mostly walking, shopping, babysitting and doing households.
Scientific Attitude of Young Children through Literature and Project-Based Learning Organization
Authors: Prachagool Veena
Published: November 2021

Young children’s scientific attitude is a basic norm of human kind to cultivated actual learning which has been an expected to be a curious, motivated, generous and responsible person. The study aims to investigate scientific attitude of young children through literature-based and project-based learning organization (LPBL). Participants were 25 of young children, age 5-6 years from Mahasarakham University Demonstration School (Elementary), Thailand. The duration of experiment was 8 weeks, 4 days a week and 90 minutes per day that was 32 times. The research instruments were 32 LPBL learning plans, learning behavior observation forms, scientific attitude inventory, and debriefing focuses group interviews. The statistics used in the study were average and standard deviation. The results showed that young children have scientific attitudes was at high level by means of LPBL learning organization. The qualitative data supported that they express scientific attitude accordance with nature of learning.
la pagina gialla
Authors: Ventura Alessandro
Published: November 2021

Ondansetron e vomito nel trauma cranico - Cortisone da subito nella Kawasaki: passo dopo passo, sempre più convinti - Si muore giovani in Gran Bretagna? - Cum grano salis… - Morbo di Hirschsprung: avete visto mai? - Bambini bolliti
Le lettere
Authors:   Medico e Bambino
Published: November 2021

SENZA CONFINI - Colleferro - La disabilità (anche) in tempo di Covid-19: i punti di riferimento e la qualità di vita - In ricordo di Pasquale Alcaro
Inovação e precarização do trabalho no Brasil: impactos sobre os profissionais da saúde
Authors: Silva Enaire de Maria Sousa da , Ferreira Eduardo Mohana Silva , Garcez Railson Marques , Sousa André Gustavo Mota
Published: November 2021

O contexto neoliberal de desmonte das políticas públicas, especialmente das de saúde, tem ensejado discussões e reflexões acerca do processo de precarização dos trabalhadores dessa área em razão da introdução de novas tecnologias. A implementação de modelos de gestão empresariais que buscam aumentar a produtividade do trabalho e a redução de custos tem promovido uma maior intensificação do trabalho dos profissionais da área de saúde por meio da utilização de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação que são consideradas fatores de precarização. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como intuito discutir os principais impactos ocasionados sobre os processos de trabalho de profissionais da saúde mediante a inserção de tecnologias nas instituições de saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica organizada em cinco partes que contempla introdução, três capítulos de discussão teórica, e as considerações finais. O estudo apontou aspectos de precarização de trabalho sobre os profissionais de saúde provocados pela inserção de tecnologia, fator que contribui com o contexto de flexibilização e intensificação do trabalho já instaurado pelas políticas neoliberais que privilegiam os elementos gerenciais como metas, concorrência e valores mercadológicos que remetem ao processo de reordenamento do Estado brasileiro e das investidas de privatização.
Instant Effect of Chiropractic Upper and Middle Thoracic Zone Manipulations on Autonomic Nervous System
Authors: SENER Buse , HATIK Sefa Haktan , ÖZDEN Ali Veysel , ÇÖREKCİ Ayça
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aims to compare the instantaneous effects of chiropractic upper and middle thoracic manipulations on the autonomic nervous system.Material-Method: The study included 30 healthy volunteers aged 18-45 years. Manipulation was applied to the upper thoracic (T1-4) area (n=15, 8 female, 7 male) and to the middle thoracic (T6-9) area (n=15, 7 female, 8 male). Before the application, heart rate, body temperature and skin conductivity (EDA) measurements were performed using the Empatica E4 wristband device. Thoracic HVLA (high velocity low amplitude) manipulation was performed in the supine position. After the application, the measurement made with the Empatica E4 device was repeated. The mean bodytemperature and skin conductivity values were calculated for the analysis of the data. Heart rate data were evaluated using Kubios heart rate variability (HRV) standard program. Detailed information about the effects of upper and middle thoracic area manipulation on the autonomic nervous system was obtained according to the analysis results of the data obtained before and after manipulation. Correlation analysis of pre- and post-manipulation data and difference analysis between the two groups were performed based on significance level p<0.05.Results: As a result of the research, no significant changes in parasympathetic nervous system values such as RMSSD, pNN50, PNS Index and sympathetic nervous system values such as Stress Index and SNS Index were observed after upper thoracic manipulation. After middle thoracic manipulation, significant decreases occurred in sympathetic nervous system values such as Stress Index, SNS Index, while significant increases occurred in parasympathetic nervous system values such as RMSSD, pNN50, PNS Index. It was observed that there was no significant change in temperature and EDA. Conclusion: As a result of our measurements and analyzes, it was seen that chiropractic upper and middle thoracic manipulations had different instantaneous effects on the autonomic nervous system.
El movimiento campesino en el Cauca: organización y lucha territorial por el reconocimiento como sujeto de derechos
Authors: Rojas Esneider
Published: November 2021

En este artículo se analizarán los resultados de la Mesa Campesina, conformada en el año 2012 por dos organizaciones campesinas del departamento del Cauca: el Proceso de Unidad Popular del Suroccidente Colombiano (Pupsoc) y el Comité de Integración del Macizo Colombiano (Cima). Puntualmente, se revisarán las exigencias de este movimiento sobre: 1) los derechos territoriales, ratificados en figuras como las Zonas de Reserva Campesina (ZRC) y los Territorios Agroalimentarios, y 2) el reconocimiento del campesinado como sujeto de derechos. Estas exigencias se manifiestan en los diferentes escenarios de movilización social e interlocución con el Estado establecidos en los espacios de diálogo de la Mesa Campesina Cima/ Pupsoc.Palabras Clave: Movimiento campesinos, Derechos campesinos, Territorialidad campesina ABSTRACTTHE PEASANT MOVEMENT IN CAUCA: ORGANIZATION AND TERRITORIAL STRUGGLE FOR ITS RECOGNITIONS AS A RIGHTS SUBJECTThis article will discuss the results achieved at the “Peasant Board”, formed by two peasant organizations of the Cauca department: Popular Unity Process of the Colombian Southwest (Pupsoc) and the Integration Committee of the Colombian Massif (CIMA). Specifically, the document will review movement’s demands regarding: 1) land rights, ratified in figures like Peasant Reserve Areas (ZRC) and the Agrifood Territories, and 2) the recognition of the peasants as a collective subject of rights. These requirements manifest themselves in different stages of social mobilization and dialogue with the state, established on rural dialogue scenarios, such as the CIMA/Pupsoc peasant board, since 2012.Key Words: Peasant movement, Peasant’s rights, Peasant territoriality.
Overliteralness and Mother-Tongue Translators
Authors: Cahill Michael
Published: November 2021

One barrier to quality in Bible translation is a tendency for translators to translate literally from their primary source text. This is a hazard for any translator, but has particular relevance in the case of Mother-Tongue Translators (MTTs) with minimal training, who are bearing an increasingly larger role in new Bible translations around the globe. In this article, we first examine the problem of overliteralness, observing cases of RL structural adherence to the SL in direct speech, ungrammatical sentences, mistranslation of rhetorical questions, use of idioms, and neglect of discourse factors, etc. The problem of overliteralness extends to information and emotional impact implicit in the SL that is not made explicit in the RL. Reasons for overliteralness include the natural intuitiveness of translating literally, respect for the Word of God (they don’t want to change it), and MTTs’ unawareness of their own language patterns. Since translation consultants are not always familiar with the receptor language, these types of mistakes may escape notice in the checking process. Nonetheless, many MTTs do excellent translation work. We present two major factors that help MTTs avoid overliteralness. Through training and mentoring, they need to absorb the translation principle that gives them “permission” to not be literal. Next, deliberate study of structures of their own language is key, especially contrasting it with structures of the primary source language. Cases where these types of activities are already being done will be presented, and more are encouraged.
Short Note: Chichewa and Hindi Back Translations of the Bible: A Comparative Check of Translation Techniques
Authors: Sharma Sandeep
Published: November 2021

The Bible in India has been seen by some as an offshoot of the missionary movement in pre- and post-independence times. Such allegations belie a technical or stylistic reading of the translated scriptures into Hindi, which is the great unread aspect of the Bible. The Bible translated into Hindi is titled Dharmasastra. The present study aims to compare the Hindi version with another translation in a completely different part of the world, the Chichewa Bible. Chichewa is a Bantu language widely spoken in SE Africa. It turns out that the Hindi translation of the Bible is surprisingly close to the Chichewa Buku Loyera translation, a fact which might motivate further comparative research into these two languages and cultural domains.
Form and Genre: Translating Procedural Texts in Leviticus
Authors: Wilt Timothy L.
Published: November 2021

In most translations, the form of procedural texts in Leviticus is represented in the same way as, for example, that of narrative texts. Further, a sentence-by-sentence rendering results in the retaining of numerous repetitions. Both practices poorly represent the genre and function of these texts, as well as impeding their readability. The literary nature of the texts and their communicative functions may be better represented through restructuring and through use of distinctive formatting; I indicate how this might be done for Leviticus 2 and 3.
Towards a Typology of Story Development Marking (Repeatedly Naming the Subject: The Hebrew Equivalent of Greek Δέ)
Authors: Levinsohn Stephen H.
Published: November 2021

I argued in Levinsohn 2000a that Ancient Hebrew uses seemingly redundant nouns to refer to active subjects not only in connection with a change of time or location or when the speech or action performed by the subject is to be highlighted, but also to mark story development. Cross-linguistically, development may be marked on two axes: the linkage axis and/or the agent axis. Many verb-final languages mark development along both axes, as do some Bantu languages. Koiné Greek and English mark development primarily along the linkage axis by means of appropriate conjunctions. Ancient Hebrew and other Bantu languages mark development primarily along the agent axis. The paper concludes by considering the implications of these differences for translation.
Translation as Storyteller: A Study of The Book of Esther
Authors: Cohen Ioannides Mara W.
Published: November 2021

The oral qualities of the Hebrew Bible diminished over time as it was written down and codified. This paper examines one book of the Hebrew Bible, the Book of Esther, and how translations shape its use. This book is particularly interesting to the storyteller because the Book of Esther is still recited as a story as part of the Jewish festival of Purim. Since the requirements of the festival include the recitation of this story, the book’s translation influences the celebration significantly. The ultimate point of this paper is to highlight the importance of the storyteller in the translation process.
Discourse Structure, Verb Forms, and Archaism in Psalm 18
Authors: Longacre Robert E.
Published: November 2021

Psalm 18 is especially relevant to the occasional use of what might be called ‘old preterites’ in the Hebrew Bible. These forms act exactly like wyyqtl, i.e., the waw consecutive with the imperfect in respect to being a narrative tense and limited to clause initial position, but lack the w- on the front. In this particular psalm the distribution of this form correlates with the narrative progress which can be posited within the psalm. A secondary value in this psalm is its possible light on the use of the two basic forms of the Hebrew verb, the perfect (qtl) and the imperfect (yqtl) in off the line uses in the structure of the psalm.
“More than These?” John 21:15
Authors: Greenlee J. Harold
Published: November 2021

In John 21:15 Jesus asks Peter, “Do you love me more than these?” Who or what are “these”? This brief article deals with the three possible referents and recommends one as correct.
Politeness Strategies in Biblical Hebrew and West African Languages
Authors: Warren-Rothlin Andy
Published: November 2021

Most languages have a wide variety of strategies for communicating politeness, however these are always highly culture-specific and relate closely to broader cultural norms that affect the application of Grice’s maxims, for example. Focus strategies include the use of greetings, modal particles, and various forms of participant reference. Typical initial greetings may take the form of wishes or blessings in biblical Hebrew but questions in West African languages (which reserve wishes and blessings for leave-taking and thanking); therefore, more literal translations may invite misunderstanding. Pragmatic particles in biblical Hebrew are often misunderstood. West African languages may lack these altogether, and so they have to resort to longer idiomatic expressions. Participant reference in biblical Hebrew may involve metaphors from service or kinship terminology; these may combine with special uses of grammatical person in honorific addressee-reference and deprecating self-reference. Some of these observations may shed light on features of the Psalms which have traditionally been read more as poetics than as pragmatics. Indirection strategies may be employed in the form of euphemisms or Indirect Speech Acts, the most common form of which in biblical Hebrew is the rhetorical question, which may have a range of pragmatically-defined functions, though the forms may differ from those of West African languages. The two primary biblical Hebrew verbal conjugations also have special pragmatically-defined functions, including the restriction of deontic use of qāṭal (the ‘precative perfect’) to human address of God, restriction of deontic use of yiqṭōl (the ‘preceptive imperfect’) to divine address of humans, and the use of yiqṭōl in questions. West African languages may need to resort to a wide variety of strategies to express such modal nuances. These notes raise questions as to the extent to which translators may “Africanize” the speech of actants in biblical narratives.
The Semantics and Translation of Technical Terms: A Case Study on Ἀπόστολος
Authors: Kuwitzky Ben
Published: November 2021

Key biblical terms present one of the greatest challenges in Bible translation, due in part to their theological significance and deep integration with the biblical cultures in which they were used. This paper posits that a linguistic study of technical terms, a linguistic classification that has not received much focused attention, reveals useful insights that can be applied to the translation of key biblical terms. Drawing from both classical and cognitive models, it presents an overview of the semantic features of technical terms, namely their linkage to discrete categories and exclusivity to a particular cultural group. Important diachronic and pragmatic considerations are also discussed. A case study on the Greek word ἀπόστολος provides application to the theory presented, arguing that a diachronic study of the technical category’s origins influences an understanding of the concept, and providing an overview of the category structure. Finally, some practical suggestions for the translation of this term are provided, positing that longer-term strategies are necessary for the fullest understanding of a technical term.
Baraka (as Divine Blessing) as a Bridge in Manding Languages (especially in Jula of Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Goerling Fritz
Published: November 2021

This article examines the translation of the different contextual senses and functions of the biblical concept of "blessing/to bless" in six Bible translations and in a translation of the Qur‘an in closely related Manding languages (from Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Burkina-Faso). Most of the qur'anic terms chosen in these arabicized languages to render divine blessing are either inappropriate or inaccurate. They are presented here with the hope of helping other translators, especially those working among groups with significant borrowings from Islamic theological terminology, by sensitizing them to the issues involved. The concept of "blessing" can be a bridge for conveying the biblical message to Muslims in West Africa in a relevant way. In addition, "blessing" is a strategic term to share the Gospel with any target group, especially since any receptor audience in all likelihood has a materialistic concept of blessing.
A Relevance Theory Perspective on Translating the Implicit Information in Literary Texts
Authors: Sang Zhonggang
Published: November 2021

As one type of cross-cultural communication, the literary translation is more difficult for the translator as he has to deal with a large chunk of implicit information. The implicit information has as its characteristics, such as graded communicability, context-dependence, the correlation among the implicit information, text and context, etc. These characteristics restrict the communicability of the literary texts in another context, so the translator of the literary texts often finds more difficulties in translating. Encouraged by Gutt’s theory and his recent findings, this article adopts a relevance-theory approach and attempts to present a cognitive study of the implicit information in literary texts. It experiments with building an explanatory framework for translating the implicit information in literary texts. The framework is based on a new notion: translation is clues-based interpretive use of language across language boundaries.
Considerations for OT Translation
Authors: Tauberschmidt Gerhard
Published: November 2021

Old Testament translation brings new challenges. This article touches on some of the areas which may need special attention when translating the Hebrew Bible. These include textual issues, hapax legomena, genre, and poetical language. Textual problems in the OT are more difficult to handle compared to those in the NT. Rare words or words that occur only once are more frequent and difficult to explain. Some of the text types differ from those of the NT and need to be investigated because they can influence our exegesis. Finally, the poetical language is richer and more abundant and may challenge some of our translation theories. The article does not cover these issues in any depth but is intended to raise awareness, give guidance, and suggest some further helps.