bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use Of Video To Improve The Speaking Skill Of The First Semester Students Of Pgmi Program Of Hamzanwadi Islamic Institute (Iaih) NW AT Pancor
Authors: Rizal Syamsul , Fathurrohman Azhari
Published: October 2020

The teaching of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) speaking is necessary for university students to have basic skills of oral communication. Using teaching media in the teaching of EFL speaking might be beneficial to help students improve their speaking skills. As teaching media, video can offer audio and visual model of target language as complete stimuli. The aim of this research was to investigate the use of video as teaching media to improve the speaking skill of the first semester students of PGMI program of IAIH NW at Pancor. Based on the data of preliminary study, it was found that the students encountered many problems in their speaking class such as; the students had low motivation and reticence to speak, poor grammar and vocabulary, and had some errors in pronunciation.

       With regard to the problem, this classroom action research was conducted to solve those problems occurring in the speaking class. This research was a collaborative action research in which a collaborator assisted the researcher to collect the data using speaking scoring rubric, questionnaire and field notes. This research was conducted in two cycles focusing on the improvement of the students’ speaking performance and their positive attitude to the implementation of the use of video as teaching media in the speaking class.

       After the implementation of the use of video as teaching media in the speaking class for two cycles, it revealed that the use of video could improve the students’ speaking performance and give them positive attitude to the implementation activities. The findings showed that the average score of the students’ speaking performance could achieve 85.11 from the determined score 75. In addition, it was also found that 84.13 % of the students had positive attitude to the implementation of the use of video in the speaking class.

       The implementation of the use of video as teaching media in speaking class can cover a procedure of three main phases: The first phase is pre-viewing, the second phase is whilst-viewing, and the third phase is post-viewing.

       Based on the findings, it is concluded that the use of video as teaching media can be one of the solutions to improve not only the students’ speaking skills but also the their’ positive attitude in the teaching of speaking. Therefore, English teachers are suggested to use the video as teaching media to teach their students in speaking class and it is also possible to teach other language skills or components.
Efektifitas Media Visual Untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi KeterampilanAnakDidik Dalam Melaksanakan Shalat Sunnah Rawatib
Authors: Imanuddin H , Hudatullah Muhibuddin Abdul Aziz H
Published: October 2020

Dalam tahun-tahun belakangan ini telah terjadi pergeseran paradigma dalam pembelajaran kearah paradigma konstruktivisme (merancang dan membangun). Media pembelajaran meliputi berbagai jenis, antara lain: Pertama, Media gerafis atau media dua dimensi, seperti gambar, foto, grafik atau diagram; Kedua, Media model solid atau media dimensi tiga, seperti model-model benda ruang dimensi tiga, diorama, dsb. Ketiga, Media proyeksi seperti film, filmstrip, OHP; Keempat, Media informasi, computer, internet. Kelima, Lingkungan.

Tulisan ini kami sajikan dari hasil penelitian tindakan (action research), karena penelitian dilakukan untuk memecahkan masalah pembelajaran di kelas.Penelitian ini juga termasuk penelitian deskriptif, sebab menggambarkan bagaimana suatu teknik pembelajaran diterapkan dan bagaimana hasil yang diinginkan dapat dicapai.

Pembelajaran menggunakan media merupakan salah satu tipe pembelajaran yang kreatif dan menyenagkan. Pembelajaran yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran lebih baik dari pada metode ceramah dalam meningkatkan kemampuan belajar siswa dalam melaksanakan shalat sunnah rawatib.

Dari pengalaman dilapangan tidak sedikit gurudalam proses pembelajaran sangat jarang menggunakan media pembelajaran. Hal ini menyebabkan pembelajaran monoton dan jauh dari kreatifitas da hasilnya tentu bisa ditebak yaitu hasil belajar siswa menjadi rendah dan sulit mencapai kompetensi standar. Oleh sebab itu salah satu upaya yang harus dicoba untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar adalah dengan mencoba menggunakan media visual  dalam proses belajar mengajar sehingga peserta didik akan lebih mudah mengerti dan dapat dengan mudah menuangkan konsep-konsepnya yang begitu banyak ke dalam bentuk  yang simpel.
Menilik Dominasi Bahasa Mitos Dalam Sosiokultural Sasak
Authors: Muttaqin Zainul , Mu’awanah Mu’awanah
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe the process of hegemony in the language of Tithe Ringkok Ratu myth in North Masbagik Village. The problem formulation of this research is "how is the process of hegemony in the language of the myth of Timba Lingkok Ratu in North Masbagik Village? To answer the research question above, the researcher conducted the research with qualitative descriptive method and approach with the type of ethnographic research located in North Masbagik Village Masbagik Subdistrict. Furthermore, data collection techniques from this research are observation, interview and documentation. While data analysis is data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal conclusion.  The results of this study indicate that the process of hegemony in the language  of the myth of Timba Lingkok Ratu in North Masbagik Village begin beliefs that are superstition, then this belief is spread from the mouth of tempest that is by the dominant party (people who hegemonies) to the dihegemoni. Furthermore, languages that are persuasive or affect the dominant party with a style of delivery that is so reliable and with strong evidence. Therefore, it can be concluded that the process of hegemony into the language of Titus Ringkok Ratu in North Masbagik Village is a process of convincing someone who is done by the dominant party to the community against Titus Timba Lingkok Ratu in North Masbagik Village with strong evidences.
On Growth of the Set $A(A+1)$ in Arbitrary Finite Fields
Authors: Mohammadi Ali
Published: October 2020

Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field of order $q$, where $q$ is a power of a prime. For a set $A \subset \mathbb{F}_q$, under certain structural restrictions, we prove a new explicit lower bound on the size of the product set $A(A + 1)$. Our result improves on the previous best known bound due to Zhelezov and holds under more relaxed restrictions.
Aluminum Hydroxide Impurities Occlusions and Contamination Sources
Authors: Dobra Gheorghe , Garcia-Granda Santiago , Iliev Sorin , Cotet Lucian , Iosif Hulka , Negrea Petru , Duteanu Narcis , Boiangiu Alina , Filipescu Laurentiu
Published: October 2020

This paper is reporting the data concerning impurities occlusion in the dried, milled and classified aluminum hydroxide, the sources of contamination and the ways to control the purity of classified aluminum hydroxide as raw material for special aluminas. Mainly, all the micronic size particles, floating in the super-saturated Bayer liquors, are potential sources of occluded impurities in the aluminum hydroxide particles. There are several mechanisms for embedding the impurities in crystalline substances. Of these, most probable ones in the Bayer alumina process are: a) occlusion of the spent liquor drops containing impurities inside the polycrystalline aluminum hydroxide congregates; b) hetero-nucleation of aluminum hydroxide on the surface of particles or colloids containing one or more impurities (the foreign particles are seized inside a crystals or inside of a crystalline multi-particulate association); c) incorporation of available ions or molecule reactive fragments in the poor crystalline structures of aluminum hydroxide after nucleation, during different growth stages of all already aggregated particles, under certain super-saturations. d) building up bridges between the scanty aggregated particles or filling the inside hollows of these aggregates with new quickly crystallized material, including the particulate impurities, mainly, during large fluctuations of the super-saturation. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS (Apollo SSD detector, EDAX), the contributions of each of these mechanisms can be investigated simply and assumed from the collected data. It was shown that well crystallized phases originating directly from bauxite (like the aluminum substituted goethite and substituted hematite, rutile or quartz), as well as the well as the crystallized new born phases during specific Bayer reactions (like cancrinite, are not promoting directly the impurities occlusion. Poor crystalline phases (like sodalite and katoite or other secondary phases and their micronic size fragments are really sustaining impurities occlusion through all the acknowledged mechanisms.
Process Optimization and Experimental Study on the Alkaline Production Process of Potassium Isopropoxide
Authors: Junmei Zhang , Ahui Zhu , Yan Wang , Linbo Hu , Wenhui Xu , Zhenya Duan
Published: October 2020

Potassium isopropoxide, involved in the cycle reaction of the intermediate dehydroester, is an important coupling agent in the production of drug pipemidic acid tablets. Current production problems of potassium isopropoxide by alkali method are the long period, the low productivity and the high energy consumption. To solve these problems, the reactive distillation production process of potassium isopropoxide was studied by simulation calculation and pilot experiment. The results show that the production process of potassium isopropanol is influenced by the separation efficiency and the reaction rate. The number of suitable theoretical plates for the column of azeotropic distillation is 14. The dissolution of solid potassium hydroxide is promoted and the reaction rate is increased, when a small amount of water is added to the raw material. It is found that the water content in the reflux organic phase can be reduced by lowering the liquid temperature in the condenser. It is also observed that suitable process conditions and the new type phase splitter can greatly reduced the production time of each batch of potassium isopropoxide.
Experimental Researches on the Depollution of Wastewater by Forced Oxygenation and Ozonation
Authors: Moraru Edgar , Dontu Octavian , Baran Nicolae , Petre Alexandru , Moga Ioana Corina
Published: October 2020

The paper analyses two experimental variants regarding the treatment of wastewater for depollution by aeration, oxygenation and forced ozonation. The hydrodynamic conditions and the initial data are the same for the two aeration variants. The research was realized with the help of a modern laboratory installation and it was followed the duration in which the value of the initial concentration of dissolved oxygen in water reaches the saturation point. It has been found that when the aeration was performed using a mixture of air and ozone, the duration is reduced by half, but at the same time the method is much more expensive. Also, an innovative technical solution has been presented for the anti-clogging of the micro-orifices of the used aeration diffusers.
About the Chemico-Mineralogical Characteristics of the Rocks from a Natural Gas Deposit in North-Western Romania
Authors: Branoiu Gheorghe , Dinu Florinel , Stoica Monica-Emanuela , Suditu Silvian , Ramadan Ibrahim
Published: October 2020

Identifying rock types and establishing their chemico-mineralogical composition are essential components of geological characterization process of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on the global chemical-mineralogical composition and rock type, recipes and treatments are developed aimed to prevent the blocking of productive formations both during drilling and during the production of wells. Knowing the detailed lithology helps us in the optimum choice of drilling fluids compatible with the formations on the investigated structure and also to choosing recipes during acidizing/stimulation treatment of the wells. The complex geological investigations (petrographic study, EDX, XRD) performed on cores/sample rocks allow through the information provided a better characterization of the rocks in a reservoir and the efficient modelling of the hydrocarbon reservoir production. In the paper is presented a detailed description based on macroscopic and microscopic petrographic investigations, EDX spectrometry and X-rays diffraction of several drill cuttings collected in the wells spudded in a gas field in north-western Romania (Pannonian Basin).
Electromyography and Applications Based on the Interpretation of the Electrical Activity Associated with the Depolarization-Repolarization Cycle of the Muscle Fiber Membrane
Authors: Vacarus Teodor Dan , Popescu Cristina , Moise Adrian , Bucur Gabriela
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of a method for data acquisition, processing and interpretation of the electrical activity associated with the muscle fiber membrane, generated as a result of the ionic pumps� action. By using a biofeedback shield (EKG/EMG shield) for differential amplification and analog signal filtering, an Arduino development board for analog to digital conversion and an external processing unit, a series of experiments were carried out. These referred to medical diagnosis and research, human-machine interfaces (control of a robotic joint which could be used for prosthetic limbs or industrial robots, as well as control of the computer � for video games, virtual reality, interaction with other devices), and monitoring and increasing sports performance. Due to its noninvasive characteristics, this technique, known as surface electromyography, proves to play a significant role in areas such as medical research, rehabilitation, ergonomics, sports etc.
PENERAPAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Herzamzam Dyah Anungrat , Rahmad Ilmi Noor
Published: October 2020

The low learning outcomes about mathematics are the background of research problems. The purpose of this study was to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of multiplication material through the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning model for grade III students in the even semester of the 2019/2020 school year. This research method is Classroom Action Research which follows the model of Kemmis and Taggart.  This research includes 3 cycles where each cycle includes 4 stages, namely planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research time was from January to March 2020 with 30 students as research subjects, while the data were collected through tests, interviews and observations. The research results show that there is a significant increase in mathematics learning outcomes in class III. This is evidenced by the increase in the average result of the math test in each cycle, namely in cycle 1: 64.26 then cycle 2: 70.86 and cycle 3: 78.2. The results of researcher's observations in each cycle also increased, namely in cycle 1 = 2.44; cycle 2 = 2.88; cycle 3 = 3.89. Likewise, the results of student observations also increased, namely in cycle 1 = 2.4; cycle 2 = 3,2; cycle 3 = 4. And the results of the interviews conducted concluded that learning mathematics through the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning model was fun for students. This study concluded that learning mathematics using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning model can improve student mathematics learning outcomes on multiplication material.
PENERAPAN METODE ROLE PLAYING PADA MATA PELAJARAN PPKN DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Rahim A , Dwiprabowo Rizky
Published: October 2020

The background of this research is the fact of the low learning outcomes of PPKn among SDN Jatimekar II Bekasi students, where most students have not reached the minimum completeness standard (KKM). The purpose of this study was to improve student PPKn learning outcomes in the Election and Pilkada Process material through the Role Playing Method in grade VI students in the odd semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. This research method is classroom action research (classroom action research). The model used is the model used is the Kurt Lewin Model with 2 cycles, where in each cycle there are four stages consisting of planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The research time was 4 months, from August to November 2018 with 20 students as research subjects, while data was collected through tests, interviews and observations. The results showed that there was a significant increase in PPKn learning outcomes on the Election and Pilkada Process material for grade VI students. This is evidenced by the results of the pre-cycle test 58.30 increased to 71.08 in cycle I, and in cycle II increased with an average value of 87.50. The results of this test are also supported by the results of interviews which show that PPKn learning on the Election and Pilkada Process material through the Role Playing Method can be fun, so that active learning is created.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR MENGGUNAKAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBANTUAN ANIMASI
Authors: Wardani Puspa Tri , Alwi Mijahamuddin , Hakim Arif Rahman
Published: October 2020

This study aim in other to result teaching material used interactive multimedia based animation on science subject especially on water recycled cycle in academic year 2019/2020. The development learning model on this study was Borg and Gall model. This study was conducted into some steps, they are (1) the need analysis step; (2) design step; (3) creating and validating product step; (4) product revision step; (5) try out product step; (6) final product revision step. The subject of this study was fifth grade student of MI NW No, 02 Kelayu Selatan. Based on the product validation which carried out by the expert team showed that the score of the sight experts was 61, on average of 4.69 with “excellent category” on the score board X > +1,80SBi. Whereas the score of material and language were 35 with an average of acquisition of 5 with excellent category score on the score board X > +1,80SBi. The result showed, the result of field try out test was 97% which student responded “yes”, while the result of study acuity was 85%. Based on the result it can be concluded that the teaching material which developed by the researcher was very worthy of using for science-learning activities in recycled cycle materials.
Revista Naturaleza, Sociedad y Ambiente
Authors: Ishlaj Conde Yadira Abigail
Published: October 2020

El objetivo es publicar y difundir trabajos originales producto de las investigaciones realizadas en las carreras a nivel de licenciatura y en los Programas de Postgrado que se imparten en el CUNSURORI, así como también, publicar los aportes realizados por otras entidades académicas guatemaltecas e internacionales con la finalidad de contar con investigaciones del más alto contenido científico. Los artículos pueden ser el resultado de investigaciones que hayan aplicado metodologías cuantitativas, cualitativas o mixtas, además de aportes teóricosy críticos que permitan el avance académico y científico al más alto nivel.
Theoretical study of NH and CH acidities of toluidine isomers – dependence on their oxidation states
Authors: Lukes Vladimir , Hartmann Horst
Published: October 2020

For the toluidine isomers, the amino group acidity represents a characteristic feature of these compounds in their electric neutral state. The CH acidity of methyl group is hidden under NH acidity. As demonstrated by theoretical calculations based on the quantum chemistry composite method G4 and Density functional theory, the transformation of toluidines into their mono- and bi-oxidised states significantly increases the acidity of methyl group. This study indicates that the presence or absence of these deprotonated species in reaction mixture will determine the CN or CC coupling toluidine products
New Attempt of Curriculum Reform: A Case Study of Physics STEAM Curriculum in a Senior High School
Authors: Yang Yuxuan , Fan Yan , Lu Hui , Xie Li
Published: October 2020

The curriculum is the carrier of teaching activities and an important measure for cultivating national scientific and technological talents. STEAM education originated from the United States, as an interdisciplinary and integrated education mode to cultivate comprehensive talents in the future, aims at improving students' scientific and humanistic literacy, and emphasizes the cultivation of students' lifelong learning awareness, problem-solving ability, scientific inquiry ability and innovation ability. Therefore, designing a STEAM Curriculum with inquiry and engineering orientation has important guiding significance for China's basic education reform. This paper takes the "Manufacturing of Hydraulic Manipulator" as the project theme, and based on the 6E learning by design model, discusses the design of STEAM physics curriculum.
Krisis Karisma Kiai di Tengah Modernitas
Authors: Masnun Masnun
Published: October 2020

Dalam struktur hierarki masyarakat tradisional, dahulu kiai dianggap sebagai pemilik elit sosial dan keagamaan, karenanya ia memegang peran sentral dalam masyarakat. Namun, dengan adanya modernitas yang bersifat dinamis, progresif dan transparan setidaknya telah merubah orientasi ketokohan kiai dalam masyarakat. Kiai tidak dianggap lagi sebagai agen sentral-tunggal dalam perubahan sosial masyarakat dan negara, karena sifat modernitas yang melahirkan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan memudarnya karisma kiai, seperti: munculnya generasi muda santri yang memang berkarakter modern dan meningkatnya jumlah kelas muslim yang terdidik, munculnya intelektual muda yang kebanyakan kemampuannya melebihi sosok kemampuan karisma kiai di zaman dahulu. Fungsi karisma kiai menjadi kurang dan terbatas sehingga menggusur sosok karismatik yang dahulu begitu dihormati oleh masyarakat karena keteladanannya.
Career Trajectories of the Female Faculties in the Private Universities of Bangladesh
Authors: Tabassum Tahsina , Rahman Md. Sahidur
Published: October 2020

The education sector is considered as one of the suitable areas that facilitate women to pursue a prestigious career. Recently, along with public universities, private universities are significantly contributing to higher education in Bangladesh. Female faculties are building their careers in private universities. In university-level education, a faculty member plays a significant role in bringing out the talent hidden among the students and grooms them up for a future career. This study aims to trace the satisfaction, possible barrier, and progression prospect of the female faculties working in the private universities in Bangladesh. This study adopts a phenomenological research design to portrait the life experiences of ten female faculties regarding the respondents' attraction to the teaching as a career, satisfaction issues (self-satisfaction, enjoyment, contentment, etc.), barriers (challenges in managing family, discontentment, stress, etc.), and dream about their career progression. This study tries to uphold an extensive understanding of female faculties' thirst for involvement, struggle for difficulties, and motivation for advancement. The study sketches the career trajectories of female faculties in private universities, and it provides insight to the concerned authority to improve the working condition for the female faculties by taking proper steps.
The Genomic and Precision Medicine in Clinical Practice
Authors: Kumar Dhavendra
Published: October 2020

An important milestone in the history of medical science is the recent completion of the human genome sequence. The progress on identification of approximately 22,000 homo sapiens genes and their regulatory regions provides the framework for understanding the molecular basis of disease. This advance has also laid the foundation for a broad range of genomic tools that can be applied to medical science. These developments in the gene and gene product analysis across the whole genome have opened the way for targeted molecular genetic testing in a number of medical disorders. This is destined to change the practice of medicine.
The future clinical practice will be more focused, precise, and individualized often referred to as “precision and personalised medicine.” However, despite these exciting advances, many practicing clinicians perceive the role of molecular genetics, in particular, that of medical genomics, as confined to the research arena with limited clinical applications. Genomic medicine applies the knowledge and understanding of all genes and genetic variation in human disease. The basic ingredient of the contemporary practice of medicine is clinical molecular medicine that encompasses genetic, genomic, and molecular applications. This article introduces genomics-based advances in personalised disease-susceptibility screening, diagnosis, prognostication, stratified approach for genomics-led therapeutics, and prediction of treatment outcome in various areas of medicine.
Addition of Penicillin to Standard of Care in Healing of Ulcers in Chronic Venous Hypertension
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Dhar Anita
Published: October 2020

Poster presented at Forum for Interdisciplinary Research in Medicine, Science & Technology Conference, Moscow 2020
Peer reviewed by JS Bamrah, Ananthakrishnan Raghuraman, Soumit Dasgupta & Jyothi Srinivasan
The Origin of Inequality: Isolated Formation of a 30+10 M
⊙ Binary Black Hole Merger
Authors: Olejak A. , Fishbach M. , Belczynski K. , Holz D. E. , Lasota J.-P. , Miller M. C. , Bulik T.
Published: October 2020

The LIGO/Virgo Collaboration has reported the detection of GW190412, a black hole–black hole (BH–BH) merger with the most unequal masses to date. (Another system, with even more unequal-mass components, was recently published by LIGO/Virgo: GW190814 (m
1 = 23

, m
2 = 2.6 

); however, it is not known whether it is a BH–BH or BH–NS merger (Abbott et al. 2020).) They are m
1 = 24.4–34.7 

and m
2 = 7.4–10.1 

, corresponding to a mass ratio of q = 0.21–0.41 (90% probability range). Additionally, GW190412's effective spin was estimated to be χ
eff = 0.14–0.34, with the spin of the primary BH in the range a
spin = 0.17–0.59. Based on this and prior detections, ≳10% of BH–BH mergers have q ≲ 0.4. Major BH–BH formation channels (i.e., dynamics in dense stellar systems, classical isolated binary evolution, or chemically homogeneous evolution) tend to produce BH–BH mergers with comparable masses (typically with q ≳ 0.5). Here we test whether the classical isolated binary evolution channel can produce mergers resembling GW190412. We show that our standard binary evolution scenario, with the typical assumptions on input physics that we have used in the past, produces such mergers. For this particular model of the input physics the overall BH–BH merger rate density in the local universe (z ∼ 0) is

, while for systems with

the rate density is

. The results from our standard model are consistent with the masses and spins of the black holes in GW190412, as well as with the LIGO/Virgo estimate of the fraction of unequal-mass BH–BH mergers. As GW190412 shows some weak evidence for misaligned spins, we provide distribution of the precession parameter in our models and conclude that if among the new LIGO/Virgo detections the evidence of system precession is strong and more than 10% of BH–BH mergers have large in-plane spin components (χ
p > 0.5), then the common envelope isolated binary BH–BH formation channel can be excluded as their origin.
Blue Light Exposure Improving Cognitive Function by Increasing Serum Orexin Level in Shift Working Nurse at Sanglah Central Hospital Denpasar
Authors: Laksmidewi Anak Agung Ayu Putri , Lestari Yuliantry Indah , Mahadewi Ni Putu Ayu Putri , Adnyana I. Made Oka , Nuartha Anak Agung Bagus Ngurah
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Nurses are one of the many jobs that use the shift work system. Nurses work lovingly, requiring high attention when working. Sleep disorders are often experienced by nurses who work shifting outside of normal working hours. Long sleep disorders can cause cognitive function disorders.
AIM: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of exposure to blue light in improving cognitive function and serum orexin levels compared to exposure to white light.
METHODS: An experimental study with a pre-test-post-test control group design. Subjects were divided into treatment groups (exposure to blue light) and the control group (exposure to white light) equally. Both groups assessed cognitive function scores using the MoCA-INA and examined serum orexin levels before and after light exposure.
RESULTS: The mean increase in the cognitive function score of the treatment group (5.00; p < 0.001) was greater than the control group (0.417; p = 0.054) and the mean increase in serum orexin levels in the treatment group (1068, 244; p < 0.001) was greater than the control group (336,706; p = 0.052), the increase in the treatment group was found to be statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Exposure to blue light before carrying out night shift can increase cognitive function scores 5 times greater and increase serum orexin levels higher than exposure to white light on nurses.
The Comparable Results of Minimally Invasive Therapy versus Primary Anastomosis in the Management of Partial Posterior Urethral Stricture
Authors: Duarsa Gede Wirya Kusuma , Subnafeu Rheny , Oka Anak Agung Gde , Santosa I Kadek Budi , Yudiana I Wayan , Tirtayasa Pande Made Wisnu , Pramana Ida Bagus Putra , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gede Bagus , Ryalino Christopher
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Urinary retention has many etiologies. One of them is urethral stricture or the narrowing of urethral lumen due to fibrotic tissue. Urethral stricture is considered a medical emergency condition because it might cause complications in some extent. At present, there are several surgical techniques introduced with their advantages and disadvantages.
AIM: The study aimed to compare the outcome of minimal invasive therapy (MIT) or excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) techniques.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients with partial posterior urethral stricture. The inclusion criteria were all patients with partial posterior urethral stricture who underwent MIT or EPA from 2014 to 2018. The data of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), urinary peak flow rate (Qmax), urine residue, erection hardness score, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), recurrence, and penile perception scores (PPS) were obtained and analyzed postoperatively.
RESULTS: Thirty-four patients included in the study, consisted of 17 patients for each group. EPA group showed significantly superior to MIT in Qmax (p < 0.001), CIC (p = 0.007), and PPS score (p = 0.003). However, no significance differences were found in QoL (p = 0.071), IPSS score (p = 0.083), bladder urine residue (p = 0.688), recurrence (p = 0.225), and erectile function (p = 0.303).
CONCLUSION: EPA may be superior to MIT in some aspect. However, other advantages of MIT could be outweighed EPA techniques, such as QoL, IPSS, bladder urine residual, stricture recurrence, and erectile function. MIT still has a place to be the first-line management of partial posterior urethral stricture.
Special Investigation of Developmental of Mandibular Asymmetry and Imbalance Body Posture: A Literature Review
Authors: Sofyanti Ervina , Boel Trelia , Satria Denny
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported comprehensive visions about the correlation between the development of dentofacial problems and postural disorder. Mostly of dentofacial issues related to mandibular asymmetry, which can lead to erroneous treatment plans that end in frustration for both patient and orthodontist.
AIM: This paper aims to describe some evidence bases dentistry of malocclusions with asymmetry in mandibular and trunk.
METHODS: We used different electronic databases such as PubMed Health and Google Scholar with specific keywords such as development mandibular asymmetry, trunk asymmetry, and body posture asymmetry. In this preliminary study, the term of imbalance body posture leads to trunk and body posture asymmetry.
RESULTS: Most of the studies reported the involvement of temporomandibular disorder in those asymmetries. We assumed the necessity for considering development asymmetry in an examination and should be regarded as a particular investigation procedure in orthodontic treatment.
CONCLUSION: However, the limitation in understanding the developmental asymmetries in determining the etiology and risk factor of development mandibular asymmetry and imbalanced body posture require special investigation.
Influence of Water Aging on Microtensile Bond Strength of a Flowable and a Packable Bulk-fill Resin Composites to Dentin
Authors: Selim Ayah Atif , Elezz Ahmed Fawzy Abo , Safy Rehab Khalil
Published: October 2020

AIM: Investigation of the aging effect on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of bulk-fill resin composite (RC) versus a conventionally incrementally applied one.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 45 sound human impacted third molars extracted molars have been selected to prepare specimens for the μTBS test. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups (C) according to type of RC material which used for restoring the teeth. Where nanohybrid RC (Grandio®SO) was used as the control Group (C1), packable bulk-fill RC (X-tra fil®) was used for restoring teeth in C2 group and flowable bulk-fill RC (X-tra base®) was used for restoring teeth in C3 group. Each group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 5) according to the water storage time, where in subgroup 1; teeth were stored for 24 h, subgroup 2; teeth were stored for 3 months while for subgroup 3; and teeth were stored for 6 months. After water storage, teeth were sectioned for preparation of μTBS testing beams. Maximum tensile stresses were recorded in megapascal (MPa).
RESULTS: After 24 h of water storage, the X-tra base® showed a higher statistically significant μTBS to dentin (33.82 ± 9.84 MPa) than did the other two types of RCs. After 3 months, the X-tra fil® showed the lowest mean value of μTBS (10.90 ± 5.66 MPa), meanwhile, after 6 months of water storage Grandio®SO showed the highest mean value of μTBS (15.85 ± 6.76 MPa). Regardless of the time the X-tra fil® showed the lowest mean of μTBS (15.07 ± 11.73 MPa), while there is no significant difference between the X-tra base® and Grandio®SO. Furthermore, the water aging adversely affects μTBS values which deceased gradually by time.
CONCLUSION: The packable bulk-fill RC characterized by lower μTBS to dentin in comparison to the flowable bulk fill and the incrementally applied nanohybrid RCs. Furthermore, the μTBS of the three tested materials decreased gradually by aging.
The Impact of Short-term Combination of Limb Training and Pursed-lip Breathing in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Tarigan Amira Permatasari , Ananda Fannie Rizki , Pandia Pandiaman , Susilo Trisno , Maryaningsih Maryaningsih , Anggriani Anggriani
Published: October 2020

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of short-term combination of upper and lower limb training on lung functions, functional capacity, and quality of life in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
METHODS: This quasi-experimental study held in 2017 and included 20 participants diagnosed with COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced volume capacity [FEV1/FVC] ≤70%). Combination of limb training with pursed-lip breathing held twice a week for 8 weeks. Lung functions, functional capacity, dyspnea scale, and quality of life were measured before, 1 month, and 2 months after training.
RESULTS: In this study, there was a significant improvement of FVC after 2 months after training (p-value: 0.04), but not in FEV1. There was a significant improvement of CAT (p-value: 0.00) and modified medical research council (p-value: 0.04) after 1 month of training. There was a significant improvement of 6-min walking test mean after 2 months of training (p-value: 0.00).
CONCLUSIONS: Short-term combination of limb training and pursed-lip breathing impacted positively on FVC, functional capacity, dyspnea scale, and quality of life in patients with COPD, but not in FEV1.
The Role of Collagen Scaffold and Stromal Vascular Fraction on Healing Process in Growth Plate Injury (SOX9 and Histological Examination)
Authors: Sananta Panji , Imadudin Mohamad Ibnu , Rahaditya I Gede Made Oka , Putera Marvin Anthony , Andarini Sri , Kalsum Umi , Dradjat Respati Suryanto
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Pediatric skeletal trauma presents a distinct approach to its treatment because of its unique auses and possibility of its troublesome complications. One of its major complications is growth plate injury which may disturb the longitudinal growth of child’s bone.
AIM: In this study, the author combined stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and collagen scaffold as biomaterial for future treatment of physeal injury in skeletally immature patients using SOX9 and histological examination as a marker.
METHODS: The study was conducted experimentally on Rattus norvegicus growth plate based on Erickson study, and the SVF was from R. norvegicus fat tissue with ZUK method. Histological examination was evaluated with 8 times magnification and SOX9 from the growth plate was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS: Histological examination showed that the best result was obtained in SVF + collagen group judging by the bony bridge diameter. The result was differed significantly from the positive control group with p < 0.05 in Tukey test. The result from SOX9 level measurement shows that all of the treatment groups SOX9 level almost the same as normal value (negative control group) and it is significantly differ from the positive control group with p < 0.05 in Mann–Whitney U-test.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the combination of collagen and SVF had a great effect on healing process in growth plate injury.
Correlation Between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Serum Iron Levels in Stunted Children Living in Malaria-Endemic Areas
Authors: Rostika Flora  , Zulkarnain Mohammad , Fajar Nur Alam , Faisa Achmad Fickry , Nurlaily Nurlaily , Ikhsan Ikhsan , Slamet Samwilson , Tanjung Risnawati
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Children who are living in malaria-endemic areas are highly vulnerable to malaria infections. The presence of malaria infection and low nutrient intake results in an increased incidence of stunting in children, especially those living in malaria-endemic areas. The stunting in children may reduce their cognitive functions.
AIM: This study aims to analyze the correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and serum iron in stunted children living in malaria-endemic areas.
METHODS: The design of this research was a case–control study. The sample of this study was 60 elementary schoolchildren aged 9–12 years collected from five regencies in Bengkulu province. Among the samples, 30 of them were stunted and the remaining were non-stunted ones. The technique used to collect the samples was simple random sampling. Growth stunting was identified by calculating the Z-score of height-for-age (H/A). In addition, the whole blood of each research subject was drawn for the measurement of BDNF and serum iron levels. Serum BDNF level was measured using a method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum iron level was measured using spectrophotometry. The characteristic data of the sample were collected from questionnaires. The obtained research data were then analyzed using the independent t-test and the Pearson correlation.
RESULTS: The levels of BDNF and serum iron in stunted children were lower than those in non-stunted ones (3.38 ± 1.05 vs. 4.16 ± 0.41 μg/dL and 31.57 ± 9.88 vs. 52.99 ± 12.60 μg/dL). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean level of BDNF and serum iron levels between stunted children and non-stunted ones. The results of the Pearson analysis on BDNF and serum iron levels indicated p = 0.000 and r = 0.454.
CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between BDNF levels and serum iron levels in stunted children living in malaria-endemic areas.
The Specifics of the Stromal and Parenchymal Liver Components of 0–6-month-old Dead Children from HIV-monoinfected Mothers
Authors: Sherstiuk Sergiy O. , Panov Stanislav I. , Belozorov Igor V. , Liadova Tetiana I. , Tsivenko Oleksij I.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the specifics of the stromal and parenchymal liver components of 0–6-month-old children from HIV-monoinfected mothers.
METHODS: The morphometric investigation included 84 liver tissue biopsies of 0–6-month-old dead children from HIV-monoinfected mothers. All morphometric parameters of the parenchymal and stromal liver components were calculated using the Avtandilov’s microscopic morphometric grid, which was consisted of 100 equidistant points. It was inserted into the microscope’s ocular tube with a total ×200 microscope magnification. The number of points that were found on the corresponding types of parenchymal and stromal liver components was calculated. In every case, it was selected 10 random microscopic areas and then all data were obtained, calculated, and presented as percentages.
RESULTS: Morphometric parameters of hepatocytes: Mononuclear hepatocytes – 87.3 ± 6.2% (control – 93.5 ± 7.1), two-nuclear hepatocytes – 12.7 ± 1.3% (control – 6.5 ± 1.2), two-/mononuclear hepatocytes coefficient – 0.14 ± 0.01 (control – 0.06 ± 0.01), and hepatocytes with fat vacuoles – 15.6 ± 1.8% (control – 0.5 ± 0.2). Parenchymal and stromal liver components: Parenchyma – 64.3 ± 2.1% (control – 74.2 ± 1.3), stroma (including blood vessels and bile ducts) – 35.7 ± 1.9% (control – 25.8 ± 1.6), and stroma/parenchyma index – 0.55 ± 0.01 (control – 0.34 ± 0.01). Morphometric parameters of all of the liver components: Hepatocytes – 64.3 ± 3.1% (control – 74.2 ± 4.3), portal tracts – 14.9 ± 1.9% (control – 3.1 ± 0.6), central veins – 9.3 ± 1.3 % (control – 9.3 ± 1.4), sinusoids – 8.8 ± 1.1% (control – 10.5 ± 1.3), and bile ducts – 2.7 ± 0.2% (control – 2.9 ± 0.2). Expression level parameters: Fibronectin – 64.8 ± 4.1% (control – 17.3 ± 2.5), collagen Type I – 13.6 ± 1.7% (control – 9.7 ± 1.9), collagen Type III – 15.3 ± 1.4% (control – 10.1 ± 0.9), and collagen Type IV – 6.8 ± 0.2% (control – 5.9 ± 0.2).
CONCLUSIONS: It was established that in the liver of 0–6-month-old dead children from HIV-monoinfected mothers, the parenchymal component of the liver showed the signs of its reduction, increase of regenerative activity of hepatocytes, and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes with a certain sign of reactive steatohepatitis. Furthermore, it was established that the stromal component of the liver of children from HIV-infected mothers showed the signs of its progressive proliferation and collagenization due to increased production and accumulation of fibronectin, Type I, Type III collagens in the stroma of portal tracts and newly formed septa, and the signs of hepatic sinusoid capillarization due to Type IV collagen accumulation in the space of Disse of the hepatic sinusoids.
Evaluation and Management of Patients with Methomyl Poisoning – A Case Report
Authors: Pennisi Leonardo , Lepore Anna , Santacroce Luigi , Gagliano-Candela Roberto , Charitos Ioannis Alexandros
Published: October 2020

The Apulian Poison Centre (PC) of Foggia, Italy, annually manages numerous consultations concerning certain or suspected poisonings from pesticides, starting at the same time a careful activity related to the risk assessment phase. The management of the exposure to pesticides and to other chemicals, and the alerting of the “National center for chemicals, cosmetics and consumer protection” at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), actively contributes to the improvement of products quality and safety. Thus, leading to a reduction in the number of intoxications - and therefore of the accesses to the emergency services - allows greater protection for workers, bystanders, residents and consumers. The reported case of methomyl poisoning has been of fundamental importance both from the medical point of view and for the management of the intoxicated patient, both for the risk assessment actions, and for cooperation with the competent authorities, generating discussion points on the regulations in force between PCs and National Competent Authority. It follows that the feedback of intoxication in an emergency can lead to improvements in the management and risk mitigation measures in order to reach a greater protection of human, animal, and environmental health. In addition, the regulatory feedback deriving from these reports is an input to the increase product quality improvement (mixtures, labels, packaging, and risk communication) leading to a greater protection of potential exposed subjects. The importance of creating an information and management network that allows the optimization of the flow of information deriving from PCs arises. The actions taken are therefore described, both relating to the management of the emergency, and relating to the subsequent information flow and to the measures for containing the consequent risks.
Determinants of Unsafe Behavior in Pesticide Usage among Horticulture Farmer
Authors: Mahyuni Eka Lestari , Harahap R. Hamdani , Harahap Urip , Khalik Nurmaini
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: The pesticide use is one of the agriculture intensifications which have advantages in production but given the negative impact on health like pesticide toxicity. The pesticide usage that improper and not accordance with the procedure is in line with the number of toxicity among farmers.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the determinants of unsafe behavior in pesticide usage among horticulture farmers at Sumber Mufakat village.
METHODS: This research used a mixed-method with 505 farmers as population. The quantitative and qualitative data given from 83 horticulture farmer as sample size and reached by simple random sampling technique. The sample is distributed representative on nine hamlets that divided into two main areas Sumbul and Berhala. Data collected by in-depth interview and focus group discussion based on behavioral determinants according to predisposing factor, enabling factor, and reinforcing factor. The qualitative data were analyzed in the domain of Lawrence Green’s concept and quantitatively analyzed using the Chi-square test.
RESULTS: The results found that the predisposing factors of knowledge, attitude, habit, culture, and social status are significance with unsafe behavior although some farmers show the negative action that not suitable with the attitude. There is a significant association between enabling factor in available of personal protection equipment and pesticides, working tools, and health facilities with unsafe behavior. Even though the farmers rarely being used the health facilities cause using traditional medicine to treat their symptoms of toxicity. The reinforcing factor such as supporting of the community leader, partner, and stakeholders has significantly associated with unsafe behavior even though the observations showed the lack of socialization and supervision in pesticide usage.
CONCLUSION: It concluded that unsafe behavior in pesticide use caused by the lack of knowledge of farmers, the lack of supervision, and support from related parties. Farmers have their own decisions on pesticide use and no sustain supervision among the farmer. It recommended to empowering the community to increase the collaboration between farmers and government with the same vision to solve the toxicity of pesticide risk in social movement formed.