bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Vehicles Landscape and India Through a Regulatory Lens
Authors: Gupta Smita , Bhagra Lavanya
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines various perspectives and challenges related to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the transportation industry, particularly focusing on automated. The chapter also addresses the governance of AI, emphasizing the importance of responsible, ethical, and transparent control mechanisms. The chapter then explores AV 4.0, the latest guidance from the US Department of Transportation, which outlines efforts to support and advance autonomous vehicles while ensuring accountability. The legal status of automated vehicles is analysed under different regimes, including international conventions, national regulations, and state vehicle codes. The chapter recommends measures to increase legal certainty for automated vehicles, such as the development of common definitions and monitoring of relevant conventions.
A Paradigm Shift Among Indian SMEs Towards Adoption of Affiliate Marketing and Social Media
Authors: Singh Raj Kumar , Khatri Bhanupriya , Sharma Nidhi , Khan Shad Ahmad
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how likely small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are to adopt affiliate marketing and social media to improve their customer base, profitability, and sustainable growth. Data was collected from 523 entrepreneurs in India, using a purposive sampling method. The results revealed that affiliate marketing has a significant impact on social media and consumer buying intention. Additionally, there are considerable connections between producer's intent and affiliate marketing, producer's intent and social media, and producer's intent and consumer buying intention. This study highlights the critical role of social media and affiliate marketing in enhancing consumer purchasing intentions in SMEs. Based on the results, marketers are recommended to effectively engage with customers on social media platforms to improve their purchasing intentions. This research is groundbreaking as it provides valuable insights into the relationship between social media, affiliate marketing, and consumer behavior in the SME sector.
How Does Rural Entrepreneurship Contribute to the Resilience and Sustainability of Rural Communities?
Authors: Siregar Onan Marakali , Ridho Hatta , Nasution Muhammad Arifin , Nasution Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra
Published: July 2024

Research on rural entrepreneurship is essential for fostering economic advancement, generating employment opportunities, and reducing poverty in rural areas. This chapter explores the unique characteristics and challenges of rural entrepreneurship compared to urban settings, highlighting the need for tailored policies and support systems. Additionally, it examines how rural entrepreneurship contributes to the resilience and sustainability of rural communities through innovative business models and economic diversification. Despite its significance, several issues remain unaddressed, prompting this study to investigate the role of rural entrepreneurship in driving economic growth, overcoming challenges, and fostering innovation for sustainable development.
Exploring the Virtual Frontier
Authors: Chasokela Doris
Published: July 2024

Augmented and virtual reality technologies are rapidly transforming the engineering profession, providing new opportunities for training and skills development. This chapter explores the potential of these technologies for engineering education, examining their benefits and challenges, ethical and privacy concerns, and the need for standards and guidelines to ensure their safety. AR and VR can improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enable engineers to work more collaboratively. Some potential risks and ethical issues to consider include privacy concerns. Safety concerns, as AR and VR can have a strong impact on the user's perception of reality, leading to accidents and injuries if not used responsibly. Social isolation, which is the immersive nature of AR and VR, can lead to users being cut off from the real world and spending more time in a virtual environment. It also provides an overview of current applications of AR and VR in engineering, highlighting the growing use of these technologies in industries such as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.
Virtual Reality for Remote Sensing and Geographic Analysis
Authors: Parai Rohit , Chatterjee Parag , Ali Afroze , Kar Shankhadwip , Sikder Sujan
Published: July 2024

Virtual reality (VR) has revolutionized the fields of remote sensing and geographical analysis by radically altering how spatial data is perceived, analyzed, and interpreted. People examining and interacting with spatial data in three-dimensional models through immersive VR environments can get a deeper understanding of complex geographic phenomena. The potential, challenges, and applications of combining virtual reality technology with remote sensing and geographical analysis are examined in this chapter. Several examples have been cited that demonstrate the use of virtual reality (VR) in urban planning, environmental monitoring, and crisis management. The advantages of virtual reality (VR) in these domains are evident, encouraging even in spite of obstacles like hardware specifications and data accuracy. The integration of VR technology with geographical analysis and remote sensing promises to transform the way that spatial data is seen, processed, and applied in a variety of ways as it develops further.
Data-Driven Insights Into Industry 5.0 Evolution
Authors: Younus Muhammad , Mutiarin Dyah , Nurmandi Achmad , Prianto Andi Luhur , Nugroho Hidayah Agung , Manaf Halimah Abdul
Published: July 2024

Big data is a data collection that develops over time, and Industry 5.0 originated from an industrial revolution in Germany. This study used scientometric analysis to analyze 669 articles from the Scopus database from 2014 to 2022. It found that the number of publications on big data and Industry 5.0 research has increased in the last ten years, and the UK is the most powerful country in this field of study. This study focuses on 13 significant clusters related to IOT (internet of things) technology, such as smart building, big data management, self-organized multi-agent system, big data-driven sustainable smart manufacturing, key enabler, innovative development strategy, quality monitoring, big data service, supply chains, key enabler, industry, iot manufacturing value creation, and metabolic route. These clusters discuss the use of big data in aspects of health services 5.0, supply chains, key enablers, industry, IOT manufacturing value creation, and metabolic routes.
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Industry 5.0
Authors: Naithani Kanchan , Raiwani Yadav Prasad , Tiwari Shrikant Prasad
Published: July 2024

Emotional intelligence (EI) is key to the success of Industry 5.0's combination of AI, digital technologies, and human cooperation. This chapter offers an overview of EI's pivotal role in shaping Industry 5.0, examining its influence on organizational dynamics, team interactions, and leadership. It explores EI's impact on decision-making, algorithmic processes, ethics, and crisis management. By delving into the essential function of EI, this work presents an overview that highlights its impact on team dynamics, leadership styles, and overall organizational dynamics. Furthermore, the study examines how EI influences crisis management, algorithmic processes, ethical considerations, and decision-making within Industry 5.0 environments. Additionally, this chapter serves as a foundation for future investigations regarding strategic approaches, smart system designs, and leadership development pertinent to Industry 5.0. Through both scholarly findings and practical examples, this chapter provides a well-grounded comprehension of EI's importance during this transformative era.
Assessing the Impact of E-Service Quality on Customer Emotion and Loyalty in the Super App Ecosystem
Authors: Singh Archana , Garg Pallavi Sharda , Sharma Samarth
Published: July 2024

This study delves into how electronic service quality (e-SQ) influences customer emotion and loyalty in India's dynamic super app environment. By surveying 269 users and employing structural equation modelling, the authors discovered that dimensions like “efficiency,” “fulfilment,” “privacy,” “system availability,” and “product portfolio” significantly shape customer emotion, which is crucial for nurturing loyalty. Particularly, “fulfilment” stands out as a key driver of emotion. These findings suggest super app developers should prioritize these e-SQ dimensions to enhance user experiences and foster loyalty. This research not only sheds light on e-SQ's pivotal role in the super app landscape, but also provides actionable insights for improving service quality in this innovative digital domain, marking a valuable addition to the existing literature.
The Role of DNA Microarrays and Machine Learning in Cancer Research
Authors: Agrawal Arun , Gupta Deepak , Tomar Archana , Bhargava Chandra Praksah , Shrivastava Deshdeepak
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the pivotal intersection of DNA microarrays and machine learning within the area of cancer research. It underscores the principal significance of gene expression profiling as a cornerstone for precise cancer diagnosis and the development of personalized treatment protocols. This chapter thoroughly examines the intricacies inherent in gene expression data analysis, encompassing challenges related to noise and the formidable task of dealing with a vast array of genes in relation to the limited available samples. Furthermore, it highlights the transformative potential of machine learning in propelling the evolution of oncological decision support systems, providing clinicians and researchers with the tools to make informed, data-driven decisions. In summary, this chapter elucidates how the synergistic integration of DNA microarrays and machine learning is reshaping the landscape of cancer research and healthcare, offering a promising future characterized by heightened diagnostic accuracy and tailored therapeutic interventions.
Hybrid Intelligent Diagnosis
Authors: Maridu Bhargavi , R. Renugadevi , Syed Shareefunnisa , S. K. Sajida Sultana
Published: July 2024

The chapter presents a novel approach in medical diagnostics, focusing on differentiating oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma through a hybrid intelligent system. This method integrates deep learning with radiology and pathology imaging to enhance tumor diagnosis. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) analyze MRI and CT scans alongside microscopic slides, providing a comprehensive understanding of tumors. By leveraging both radiology and pathology, this method offers a precise diagnostic tool, with a significant improvement in accuracy compared to traditional methods. Especially effective in complex cases, our approach showcases the potential of hybrid intelligent systems for accurate, efficient, and automated diagnostics, not only in brain tumor diagnosis but across medical imaging and diagnostics in general.
A Novel Ensembled Deep Machine Learning Framework for the Prediction of Chronic Disease
Authors: Hegde Sandeep Kumar , Hegde Rajalaxmi , Mundada Monica R.
Published: July 2024

The state of the environment and human behaviour today contribute to a wide range of diseases that affect people. To avoid such diseases reaching their worst, it is crucial to recognise and anticipate them in their early stages. Medical professionals sometimes find it challenging to appropriately detect disorders by manual procedures. The main intension of the proposed work is to detect and forecast patients having chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, at their early stage. In this chapter, a novel ensemble model has been implemented by combining machine learning model with deep learning model. The combination of the ensembled machine learning and deep learning model is termed as ensembled deep machine learning framework (EDPMLF). The performance of the implemented EDPMLF have been validated using various parameters such as confusion matrix, Precision, AUC score, recall, and accuracy. The experimental investigation reveals that the proposed framework attained higher accuracy compared to the traditional approaches.
From Correspondence to Connectivism
Authors: Boring Christine
Published: July 2024

By examining the historical milestones, pedagogical theories, and technological advancements that have shaped distance learning, we can gain insights into its effectiveness, scalability, and adaptability in times of crisis. Furthermore, this historical review offers a unique perspective to evaluate current practices and envision future uses for educational technology and methodology innovations. This research synthesizes findings from a review of literature consisting of 105 articles, offering insights into the challenges and triumphs of the rapid transition to remote learning. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic influence the ongoing integration of distance learning in education and help to ensure resilience, accessibility, and quality in schooling across diverse contexts and challenges. Combining the lessons learned and best practices realized during this extreme experience can shape the new normal in education.
Investigation of STEM in Industry 5.0
Authors: G. Prasad
Published: July 2024

STEM professionals are at the forefront of integrating emerging technologies into manufacturing processes. This includes the development and implementation of technologies like advanced robotics, augmented reality, and virtual reality, which are central to Industry 5.0's human-machine collaboration. IoT devices generate massive amounts of data in Industry 5.0. STEM experts are needed to design and maintain these devices and develop data analytics solutions to extract actionable insights from this data. This data-driven decision-making is critical for optimizing processes. AI and machine learning are central to Industry 5.0, enabling machines to learn from human interaction and adapt accordingly. Data scientists and AI experts develop the algorithms and models that make this possible. As Industry 5.0 evolves, there's a growing emphasis on sustainable manufacturing and reducing environmental impact. STEM professionals contribute to designing eco-friendly manufacturing processes and materials. Protecting the interconnected systems and data in Industry 5.0 is critical.
Challenges and Sustainability of E-Learning Adoption Among EFL Teachers in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Mahyoob Mohammad , Algaraady Jeehaan , Elmahdi Omer Elsheikh Hago
Published: July 2024

This study actively examines the resilience of online learning in EFL (English as a foreign language) instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on adaptive strategies and resources in Saudi Universities. It shows a significant research gap in how these digital learning strategies have adapted post-pandemic to be sustainable. However, the chapter also provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of strategies among 84 EFL teachers (81% male, 19% female) used to collect data on online learning experiences during the pandemic. Findings reveal significant increases in teachers' and students' digital skills, facilitating adaptation to online learning environments and continuing those practices. These positive outcomes offer hope and optimism for the future of online learning. It concludes by recommending that research be expanded to include different academic disciplines, including students in remote areas, and to explore new instructional methods and support strategies for asynchronous learning to meet the challenges of scheduling and Internet connectivity.
Effects of romosozumab on bone mineral density and fractures in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis
Authors: Dilshani M. , Jayasekara L. , Liyanage G. , Lekamwasam S.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Romosozumab, a mono-clonal antibody has been approved for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and high fracture risk. This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of romosozumab on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and fracture occurrence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.Methods: A systematic search was done adhered to the PRISMA guidelines in PubMed, Ovid and Clinicaltrials.gov and eligible studies were selected. The details related to study participants, changes in BMD at the lumber spine (LS), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) and the occurrence of fractures during the period were extracted. The mean differences of BMDs between the two groups and odds ratios (OR) of fractures were considered as the outcome of the studies.Results: Of the 11 potentially eligible articles, only four studies fulfilled the selection criteria and they were included in the final analysis. Romosozumab therapy for 12 months increased mean BMD at the LS by 12.7% (95% CI, 9.7, 15.6), TH by 4.8% (95% CI, 3.3,6.3) and FN by 4.1% (95% CI, 3.1, 5.2). Treatment with romosozumab decreased the odds of new vertebral fractures and vertebral fractures by 58% (OR=0.42, CI, 0.23,0.91) and 25% (OR=0.75, CI, 0.53,1.06) respectively at the end of 12 months.Conclusion: Romosozumab significantly increases BMD at LS, TH and FN and reduces the risk of new vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Recognition of overweight and obesity by patients and medical practitioners and their practices related to weight reduction; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Govindapala D. S. , Faiz F. A. , Goweshaliya S. , Munasinghe T. M. J. , De Silva A. M. N. L.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Accurate perception of weight by overweight/obese patients and the acknowledgment of their excess weight by medical practitioners are pivotal in managing obesity. This study aims to assess knowledge, perception and practices related to weight reduction among overweight/obese patients and the recognition of their overweight status and interventions by medical practitioners.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study interviewed 317 overweight/ obese patients during their first visits to general medical clinics at the University Hospital of Kotelawala Defence University. A structured questionnaire assessed their demographic characteristics, comorbidity, knowledge, perception and practices related to weight reduction. Recognition and management of overweight/ obesity by medical practitioners were evaluated through recall of previous six-month consultations and review of medical records.Results: Among the study participants, 163 (51.4%) were obese and 154 (48.6%) were overweight. Only 63 (19.9%) patients knew the meaning of BMI, and 306 (96.5%) could not define the ideal BMI for a Sri Lankan adult. Less than half (45.4%) considered overweight/obesity a medical problem. Body weight misperception observed among 92 (59.7%) overweight and 150 (92.0%) obese participants. Of the 267 participants who reported being evaluated by another medical practitioner in the previous six months, 102 (38.2%) were told the diagnosis of overweight/obesity. However, weight status was documented only in seven (2.6%) patient records. Nonetheless, 110 (41.2%) patients had received weight reduction advice during previous consultations, and 68 (61.8%) had attempted to lose weight.Conclusions: Low comprehension of the term BMI and misperception of body weight among the studied population is concerning. Patients who received weight reduction advice from medical practitioners were more inclined to lose weight. However, acknowledgment and intervention of the excess weight status of overweight /obese patients by medical practitioners were largely inadequate.
Enhancing the knowledge and skills of health cadres and mothers to prevent developmental disorders through stimulation interventions
Authors: Jaya Ningsih , Dalle Ambo , Anggriani Sri
Published: July 2024

The golden age of toddlerhood is a crucial time for growth and development that requires special attention. Failure to support children during this time can cause developmental issues that affect their future growth. This study examined whether toddler growth and development interventions prevent developmental disorders. This pre-experimental study used a one-group pre-test/post-test design. The proportional random sample included 70 participants. The respondents’ age, occupation, education, use of toddler growth and development stimulation interventions, and health cadres’ and mothers’ knowledge and skills were variables. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. There was a significant increase in health cadres and mothers’ knowledge and skills for promoting toddler growth and preventing developmental disorders (P=0.000<0.05). Effective toddler growth and development interventions improve health cadres and mothers’ knowledge and skills, preventing developmental disorders in toddlers. These findings suggest that targeted educational programs for health cadres and mothers may reduce developmental disorders and promote healthier growth trajectories for children.
The effect of spiritual emotional freedom technique impact to pain in cervical cancer post-chemoradiation: a review article
Authors: Hamidah Hamidah , Rauf Syahrul , Arifuddin Sharvianty , Musba Andi Muhammad Takdir , Prihantono Prihantono , Pelupessy Nugraha Utama , Idris Irfan , Bukhari Agussalim , Qanitha Adriani , Fatimah Fatimah , Hidayati Elli , Permatasari Tria Astika Endah
Published: July 2024

Chronic pain that is subjective is experienced by patients with advanced cervical cancer. Simple movements are used in spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) therapy, a therapeutic approach that improves performance and achievement, addresses psychological and physical pain issues, and promotes happiness and serenity in life. In this systematic review study, we evaluate how SEFT affects patients with cervical cancer who have had chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Using databases from 2003 to 2023, including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and Ovid, this study employs a systematic review methodology. The keywords “spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT)”, “emotional freedom technique (EFT)”, and “cervical cancer” form the basis of the search strategy. Experiments and observational studies with a minimum sample size of two participants involving patients with cervical cancer meet the inclusion criteria. The results show that among patients with post-chemoradiation cervical cancer, SEFT therapy is beneficial in lowering pain, stress, and depression. Cancer patients who experience pain may see a reduction in their quality of life as well as physical health issues. Cervical cancer patients can experience marked improvements in their pain, stress, and depression when the SEFT therapy theory is applied.
Standardized Patient Encounter to Enhance Care to LGBTQIA+ Patients
Authors: Snyder Melissa Marty , Singleton K. Michelle , Marinaro Laura , Armstrong Kirk J.
Published: July 2024

Context

Athletic trainers provide care for a variety of patients with diverse backgrounds, including members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, other diverse sexualities, other gender identities, or other gender expressions (LGBTQIA+) community. Learners who gain experience with patients who identify as LBGTQIA+ should be better prepared clinicians.

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to describe a standardized patient (SP) experience for a patient who is gay and concerned about a sexually transmitted infection after a conversation with a previous partner.

Background

Patients who identify as LGBTQIA+ report substandard care and have poor health care experiences. Standardized patients are used in athletic training education as a method to teach and assess skills and can be used to improve the care that learners provide to patients who identify as gay.

Educational Advantage

Education drives clinical practice, and incorporating SP cases in which learners must provide care for a patient who is gay will help the learners provide better inclusive patient-centered care as a clinician.

Conclusions

Faculty may consider using a SP encounter to better prepare learners to provide care for a patient who is gay.
Prevalence and characteristics of erectile dysfunction in black and mixed race primary care populations of the Cape Flats and Helderberg Basin area of the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: De Klerk H. , De Villiers P.J.T. , Isaacs S.
Published: July 2024

There is a growing awareness amongst primary care workers that male erectile dysfunction (ED) may be important in Black and Mixed Race South African populations. Both groups have a high incidence of hypertension. heart disease, diabetes mellitus and mental diseases and many of these diseases are associated with ED either directly or as a consequence of their treatment. The effect of ED on the patient is frequently not only embarrassing but also debilitating as far as mental health is concerned. The development of treatment guidelines and new modes of treatment, e.g. safe and effective drugs such as sildenafil intra-cavernous and intra-urethral alprostadil and other methods of treatment have become commonplace in the management of ED, offering new hope to a large percentage of affected men.
The Wheezing Infant
Authors: Gray Andy , Manjra Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Perhaps the most chronic complaint of childhood presenting to family practitioners is the infant with recurrent wheezing. Before one even gets to grip with the rational choice of medicines in this group, one has to make the difficult choice between asthma and viral-induced wheezing, coupled with the understanding that many children stop wheezing without any long-term medication. However, once a decision is made to treat, one then has to face two additional hurdles: the first is the difficulty in administering medication to this age group. The second, perhaps even more daunting, is that few medicines have been tested in clinical trials in infants. "Off-label" use is therefore often an unavoidable necessity. This short article will review how the World Health Organisation's P-drug process might be of help in this difficult selection task.
Teaching home-based care volunteers: The Tzaneen experience
Authors: Omole O.B. , Ogunbanjo G.A.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Pharmacovigilance: A brief glimpse
Authors: Jobson Roy
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Serum Protein Electrophoresis Patterns in Patients with Osteoarticular Tuberculosis
Authors: Sinha Poonam , Ranjan Ranjay Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Prasad Priyanka , Roshan Reetesh , Kumar Santosh
Published: July 2024

Context and Aims:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of infectious disease deaths in India. It is also one of the most challenging diseases to diagnose and treat effectively. TB can occur both in the lungs and in extrapulmonary locations through hematogenous spread. Osteoarticular TB is a type of extrapulmonary characterized by atypical presentation. If diagnosed early, it can be treated effectively with reduced risk of mortality.

Subjects and Methods:

At Nalanda medical college and hospital, an 18-month prospective research was undertaken. The study included a total of 120 patients with osteoarticular TB. Serum electrophoresis of blood samples was performed at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months following antitubercular medication administration. The fractions of albumin, α1, α2, β, and γ globulins were estimated and compared with the baseline value.

Results:

It was observed that as the disease progressed and became more chronic, there was a decrease in albumin and an increase in α1, α2, β, and γ globulin percentages of serum proteins. Upon follow-up, the serum electrophoresis revealed that these values observed during baseline could be reversed by the administration of antitubercular drugs.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that analyzing serum protein fractions could be a cost-effective strategy to determine the presence of osteoarticular TB and also aid in initiating antitubercular treatment.
A Comparative Study of Community-acquired Acute Kidney Injury and Hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury from a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Patel Munna Lal , Sachan Rekha , Kumar Rahul
Published: July 2024

Background:

In this observational study, clinical characteristics, etiologies, and outcomes of patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired acute kidney injury (CAAKI) have been compared in contrast to those who hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury (HAAKI).

Methods:

This was a prospective study of adults aged 18 years or above diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) over a period of 17 months at a tertiary care hospital.

Results:

230 patients had AKI with the mean age of the study population being 45.33 ± 12.68 years. 178 (77.4%) patients were enrolled from medical unit, 25 (10.7%) from surgical unit, and 27 (11.7%) from obstetrical unit. The observed incidence of AKI was 15/1000 admissions. About 58.2% had CAAKI and 96 (43.7%) had HAAKI. Out of 230 patients, 170 (73.9%) patients were male and 60 (26.1%) were female. Sepsis was the most common (52.1%) etiology of AKI among the medical cases. Urosepsis, scrub typhus, and pneumonia were the most common causes of AKI. Sixty percent of AKI was Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Stage 1 or 2 and 40% was in Stage 3. Oliguria was seen in 56.5%, hyperkalemia in 34.7%, fluid overload in 6.1%, and metabolic acidosis in 22.6%. The majority of patients had multiple organ involvement (52.1%) at the time of enrollment. About 116 (50.4%) had lung injury requiring mechanical ventilation and 95 (41.3%) were on inotropes. Mortality occurred in 19.5%. Anemia, the use of vasopressor drugs, and the need for intensive care support were independent predictive factors for mortality.

Conclusion:

AKI was common in hospitalized patients and leads to significant inhospital mortality. AKI is largely a CAAKI, and the lesser extent is due to HAAKI. Many causes are potentially preventable. Early fluid resuscitation, effective antibiotics, appropriate antidotes, and timely referral of established AKI patients to centers with dialysis facilities can improve AKI outcomes.
Impact of Migraine on Family Members – A Cross-sectional Study in Southern Part of India
Authors: Pradeep R. , Madhuri Nallapaneni Lakshmi , Nemichandra S. C. , Paneyala Shasthara , Harsha S. , Nair Anjana S. , Prajwala H. V.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Migraine is a disabling primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache. Migraine not only imposes a burden on the sufferer but also imposes a burden on their family members too. A holistic approach is more essential in the management of migraine and family members should also be included in the management of migraine. There are no published studies done in India so far to look for the impact of migraine on partners and adolescent children (IMPAC). This pilot study was done to assess the IMPAC.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to study the IMPAC.

Materials and Methods:

In this descriptive study, 130 chronic migraine patients were observed in a row during 9 months. The impact of migraine on family members as well as migraine disability and Migraine-specific Quality of Life (MSQoL) was evaluated using validated questionnaires.

Results:

One hundred and thirty chronic migraine patients were studied as part of this study. The mean age of the study population was 34.43 ± 9.002 years, and two-third of the participants were female. The majority of the participants had a moderate-to-severe disability due to migraine and had negatively impacted their MSQoL. The impact of migraine on family members was moderate-to-severe grade in most of the participants and affected their family life negatively both with children and spouses. The males were more significantly affected than females in terms of MSQoL, anxiety, depression, and also on migraine’s impact on family members.

Conclusion:

Migraine not only affects the sufferers, it also significantly affects their family members.
Characteristics of Stroke-related Seizures and their Predictive Factors: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Shariff Erum , Nazish Saima , Zafar Azra , Shahid Rizwana , Aljaafari Danah , Soltan Nehad Mahmoud , Farhan Ahmed Mohamed , Alkhamis Fahd A , AlShurem Mohammed , Basheir Osama Faisal Hassan , Alshamrani Foziah , Albakr Aishah Ibrahim , Al Ghamdi Omar , AlSulaiman Abdulla A , Al Abdali Majed
Published: July 2024

Background and Purpose:

Various risk factors have been described in the literature that increase the risk of seizures associated with stroke. This study was aimed to determine the occurrence rate of poststroke seizures (PSSs) and the associated risk factors in Arab population.

Materials and Methods:

Study included all stroke patients aged >18 years with a minimum follow-up of 24 months following stroke to identify seizure occurrence. Patient’s hospital records for all admissions and clinic visits were reviewed. Seizures were classified into early PSS if they occur within 1 week of stroke, and late PSS if they occur after 1 week of stroke.

Results:

Out of 594 patients, 380 were males. Seizure occurrence was higher in anterior circulation infarctions (94.8%, P < 0.05), cortical location (80.5%, P < 0.05), large artery atherosclerosis (63.8%, P < 0.05), lower activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P = 0.0007), patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) (P = 0.01), and those who underwent craniotomy (P = 0.001). Nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely related to PSS (P = 0.01). Higher stroke severity (89%) and confusion (67%) at the time of presentation were independently related to PSS.

Conclusions:

Eighty-two (13.8%) patients had PSS. Greater stroke severity at presentation with altered sensorium was independent risk factors for the development of PSS. Patients with underlying IHD, lower APTT, and undergoing neurosurgical intervention require vigilant monitoring for PSS.
Management of True Gastroduodenal Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abraham Siju T , Matad Siddharth , Nazareth Vinay Philip , Raj Sumanth , Anand Vivek
Published: July 2024

Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) aneurysms are rare forms of splanchnic artery aneurysms with varied etiopathogenesis. Mostly found incidentally, early identification with advanced imaging tools and timely intervention of these aneurysms are essential due to the associated high risk of rupture, morbidity, and mortality with GDA aneurysms. We report a case of successfully treated GDA aneurysm using endovascular coil embolization.
Coil Embolization of Isolated Gastroduodenal Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Sritharan Narayanan , Duraichi B Vella , Kumar S Prathap , Ravichandran Sasikumar , Jayachander K , Ilayakumar P , Ramya M
Published: July 2024

Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) aneurysm is very rare, and it comprises around 1.5% of all visceral artery aneurysms. More common in male (male:female = 4:1) patients attributed to increased alcoholism and incidence of pancreatitis. In this case report, we describe a successful coil embolization of GDA pseudoaneurysm.
New method to induce neurotrophin gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro
Authors: Altememy Dhiya , Kashani Maryam Haji Ghasem , Fateme Amirahmadi , Khosravian Pegah
Published: July 2024

Rosemary leaf extract, a well-known medicinal plant, can induce neurotrophin gene expression and proliferation in stem cells. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with high proliferation and differentiation capacity are easily accessible and can be extracted with the least damage. This study evaluated the effect of rosemary extract (RE) on neurotrophin gene expression at 48 h postinduction in hASCs. hASCs were isolated from healthy female donors, aged 28–35 years, who had undergone abdominal liposuction. Passage-4 stem cells were cultured and treated with different doses of RE (from 30 to 70 µg/ml) containing 40% carnosic acid for 48 h. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to check the expression of neurotrophin genes. The expression of NTF3, NTF4, and nerve growth factor genes in cells treated with 40–60 µg/ml and the expression of GDNF in cells treated with 50–70 µg/ml of RE for 48 h showed a significant increase compared to cells cultured in serum-containing medium. However, different doses of RE showed no effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in the treated cells. RE (50, 60 µg/ml) leads to an increase of neurotrophin gene expression in hASCs as compared to routine cell culture. Hence, this protocol can be used to prepare ideal cell sources for cell therapy.
Nephroprotective effect of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves ethanol extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Dewi Ika Puspita , Aldiana Merinda , Viadina Zildjian Adela , Fajrin Fifteen Aprila , Holidah Diana , Christianty Fransiska Maria
Published: July 2024

Kidney damage is commonly attributed to using certain drugs, such as gentamicin, which causes elevated kidney parameters in blood and damage to renal tissue. This damage is often a result of oxidative stress, but it can be mitigated by using antioxidants. Several studies proved the potential of sugarcane (Saccharum
officinarum L.) leaves as an antioxidant. Therefore, this experiment aimed to examine the nephroprotective action of sugarcane leaves. Twenty-five Wistar rats were separated into the normal, negative, and sugarcane leaf extract (SLE) (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW) groups. The animals were handled for 8 days, and then, the blood and tissue were collected 24 h later. The results revealed that SLE prevents increased creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and malondialdehyde levels. The histology analysis indicated that the extract improved kidney morphology and histopathology. Sugarcane leaves have the potential to be a nephroprotective agent.
Effect of hesperidin in the prevention of aluminum chloride-induced testicular dysfunction in rats
Authors: Parasuraman Subramani , Huey Loh Yee , Jee Yap Shen
Published: July 2024

Hesperidin is a citrus bioflavonoid and has numerous pharmacological actions. Hesperidin’s effect on testicular dysfunction has not been well researched. Hence, the present study is aims to investigate the effect of hesperidin on aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Both vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and hesperidin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were administered orally for 21 days. At the end of the study, the blood samples were obtained from all animals for investigation of biochemical and hematological parameters. Then, bilateral orchiectomy was carried out to remove testicles from the animals, and sperm was collected and examined under a microscope. Finally, organs such as the liver, kidney, and testicles were also collected and utilized for histopathological analysis. Part of the liver sample was used for determination of antioxidant enzymes such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels. The rats administered with AlCl3 showed elevated levels of biochemical and hematological parameters and a reduction in levels of sperm count, sperm motility, and oxidative stress parameters, whereas the rats administered with vitamin C/hesperidin (200 and 400 mg/kg) were able to ameliorate AlCl3-induced testicular dysfunction by attenuating AlCl3-induced changes in biochemical and hematological parameters, sperm motility, sperm count, and oxidative stress. Both vitamin C and hesperidin had significant ameliorative effects against AlCl3-induced testicular dysfunction.
Exploring the antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts mitigating doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in male rats
Authors: Obeid Ruaa Ali , Mohammed Rusul Ahmed , Kaskoos Raad A. , Zair Amira
Published: July 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy for cancer treatment. However, it can cause the threatening side effect of cardiotoxicity. This study investigates whether the hydro-alcoholic leaves of Moringa oleifera have any protective potential against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The phytochemical analysis showed that the plant extracts contained bioactive compounds with antioxidant activities. The DOX-treated group confirmed a significant increment in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, which indicates damage to the cardiomyocytes and also inflammation. However, treatment with the M. oleifera extracts significantly inhibited DOX-induced cardiomyocyte damage, as indicated by the significantly low cTnI release. Furthermore, treatment with M. oleifera extracts further increased antioxidant activities, thereby decreasing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, DOX was found to increase the IL-6 level, and treatment with M. oleifera extracts had a significant impact on the inhibition of IL-6 levels. These results indicate that the M. oleifera extracts have a cardioprotective effect and can play a role as an adjunct drug in mitigating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, thus providing new prospects for the improvement of safety and efficacy in the treatment of cancer.
Enhancing antioxidant properties of lime juice powder through polyelectrolyte microparticles of chitosan-alginate: Formulation, characterization and stability study
Authors: Rahmiati Nur , Sari Retno , Wahyuni Tutik Sri , Lestari Maria Lucia Ardhani Dwi
Published: July 2024

Lime (Citrus
aurantifolia) juice was reported to contain ascorbic acid (AA) and flavonoids, which has bioactivity as antioxidants. To develop an antioxidant product, improving its stability is necessary due to the perishable characteristics of compounds in lime. Therefore, the formulation of polyelectrolyte microparticles using chitosan and alginate was conducted to overcome the weaknesses. This study aims to evaluate the effect of various chitosan, alginate, and lime juice powder (LJP) concentrations on the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of LJP encapsulated in chitosan-alginate microparticles (CALM). Microparticles with various concentrations of chitosan and alginate were prepared by ionic gelation method using CaCl2 as a crosslinker. The microparticles were evaluated for its physical properties and its antioxidant activity using 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent. A one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's honest significant difference post hoc were used to determine the effect of LJP amount on the antioxidant activity. The highest AA content in CALM was 0.14 mg/100 mg, with a % encapsulation efficiency of 18.38% ± 0.02%. Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LJP possessed the strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 32.59 μg/mL, whereas IC50 values of the microparticles ranged from 24.79 ± 0.03 μg/mL to 39.96 ± 0.07 μg/mL. During storage, the IC50 of LJP decreased from 32.59 ± 0.13 μg/mL to 65.53 ± 0.03 μg/mL, whereas the IC50 of microparticles remained stable. This study concluded that the chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte microparticle formulation can improve and protect LJP's antioxidant activity.
Glucomannan is a promising isoniazid’s enhancer that inducing macrophage phagocytosis
Authors: Novita Bernadette Dian , Wasiyastuti Widya , Tjahjono Yudy , Wijaya Hendy , Hadinugroho Wuryanto , Wijaya Sumi , Soegianto Lisa , Theodora Imelda , Widoretno Elisabeth Tri Wahyuni , Samsudin Kevin , Julian Alvin
Published: July 2024

Isoniazid (INH) is a frontline antituberculosis agent effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but the increasing challenge of avoiding multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, including INH resistance, necessitates innovative approaches. This study focused on enhancing macrophage phagocytosis to overcome INH resistance. Glucomannan, an immunomodulatory polysaccharide, emerged as a potential macrophage activator. Our objective was to characterize the glucomannan-INH mixture and assess its impact on INH efficacy and macrophage activity. Detailed examination of the glucomannan from Amorphophallus muelleri (0.05%–0.2%) was performed in several methods. INH sensitivity tests were carried out with the Mtb strain H37RV on Löwenstein–Jensen medium. Murine macrophage (RAW264.7) viability and activity were evaluated through MTT and latex bead phagocytosis assays. Ultraviolet-wavelength spectrophotometry was used to analyze chemical structure changes. Glucomannan (0.05%–0.2%) significantly enhanced murine macrophage viability and activity. When glucomannan was combined with INH, the IC50 value was greater compared to INH only. Phagocytosis assays revealed heightened macrophage activity in the presence of 0.05% and 0.1% glucomannan. Importantly, glucomannan did not compromise INH efficacy or alter its chemical structure. This study underscores the potential of glucomannan, particularly with a lower molecular weight, as a promising enhancer of INH, boosting macrophage phagocytosis against INH-resistant Mtb. These findings challenge the assumptions about the impact of glucomannan on drug absorption and prompt potential reevaluation. While specific receptors for glucomannan in macrophage phagocytosis require further exploration, the complement receptors are proposed to be potential mediators.
Artificial Intelligence and Histopathological Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nerli Rajendra B. , Ghagane Shridhar C. , Gavade Anil
Published: July 2024

As of today, the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer involve the interpretation of data from multiple modalities and tools such as serum prostate-specific antigen levels, magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsies, genomic biomarkers, and Gleason grading which are used to diagnose, risk stratify, and then monitor patients during respective follow-ups. Artificial intelligence (AI) can allow clinicians to recognize difficult relationships and manage enormous data sets, which is a task that is both extraordinarily difficult and time-consuming for humans. By using AI algorithms and reducing the level of subjectivity, it is possible to use fewer resources while improving the overall efficiency and accuracy in prostate cancer diagnosis and management. In this short review, we have made a case for the use of AI in the histopathological diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Awareness about Cochlear Implantation in Parents of Deaf Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pune
Authors: Gupta Mansi Sanjiv , Joshi Samir Vinayak , Havaldar Rajesh Radhakrishna
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

A cochlear implant (CI) is a small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of hearing to profoundly deaf people.

Objective:

The objective is to evaluate the level of awareness among the parents of deaf children about cochlear implantation, to know their willingness toward implantation, and to correlate their knowledge with their socioeconomic status.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 parents of deaf children who came to tertiary care hospitals for treatment in. They were telephonically interviewed by a structured questionnaire with emphasis on their knowledge about the implantation. They were also enquired about their socioeconomic characteristics. Data were collected and analyzed using the Kuppuswamy scale, Microsoft Excel, and Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results and Discussion:

The mean awareness of parents was only 59.5%. Twenty-two percent of parents belonged to the upper middle, 24% to the lower middle, and 54% to the lower class. The median awareness among the lower class was 5 (1–8) while among upper middle and lower middle-class parents was 8 (7–10) and 8 (6–9), respectively. It can be observed that the maximum population of the sample size belonged to the lower socioeconomic group, but they had the lowest awareness, and this finding was statistically significant with P = 0.01.

Conclusion:

The knowledge and utilization of CI have to be increased in the lower socioeconomic group by conducting similar studies in multiple centers and by conducting awareness campaigns.