bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental and environmental responsibilities of the "Rechtsstaat"
Authors: Wolf Joachim
Published: July 2017

The most important difficulty facing a Rechtsstaat  idea when it comes to the realization of "sustainable development", lies in the structural differences between the constitutional order based on the Rechtsstaat on the one hand, and the dynamics of political and economic planning on the order.  "Sustainable development" is development that links ecology and economy in such a way that ecological harm is minimized.  Development should therefore be in the interest of future generations.

There is, however, not yet much legislation concerning environmental protection, because the Rechtsstaat finds itself in a position where it cannot take sides.  In no circumstances can the state legalize the ecological aspect, for this will presuppose state interference in the economic system,  therefore violation a principle of the Rechsstaat.  Environmental protection could thus easily be misused as the basis for allowing the state to directly manipulate the economic process.

The state has the duty to invoke which measures which could help to regulate environmental harm and to create a legal basis for future economic and technological developments which are compatible with environmental protection.  The German Constitutional amendment of 1994 deliberately did not take up environmental protection in the catalogue of fundamental rights.  In terms of German constitutional law, state goals bind the legislature and should be translated into legislation.  Article 20a GG formulates environmental protection as a state goal.

It would be seem to be fair to suggest that the most important contribution towards getting to grips with the responsibilities of the Rechsstaat in promoting environmental protection has been made by legislative bodies in European as well as in German environmental law.  The legislative measures require that precautionary measures should be taken by those who cause the environmental damage or risk.  Environmental protection and economic development are inseparable in state politics.  While planning economic policy the state has to take into account the environmental impact of such policy in order to give effect to the precautionary principle.  The precautionary principle thus has a regulatory character and a planning law dimension.

In a Rechtsstaat the state can regulate environmental protection only through the precautionary principle so as not to interfere in economic policy.  Only in this manner can "sustainable development" be maintained.
The Constitutional Court’s contribution to sustainable development in South Africa
Authors: Kroeze Irma J
Published: July 2017

Freedom is central to most constitutions.  In the constitutional context, freedom usually means both personal freedom and political freedom.  Personal freedom can be described as the right to decide for oneself the terms of one's life, both individually and communally.  It is what Frank Michelman calls self-rule: it "demands the people's determination for themselves of the norms that are to govern their social life".3  Political freedom, on the other hand, implies the protection against arbitrary government power.  This is what Michelman calls law-rule.  In most constitutional dispensations both these types of freedom are implicated and the South African constitution is no exception.4  But, it is ironic that in most constitutional democracies these two types of freedom are also frequently in conflict with one another.  In fact, it is not far-fetched to suggest that they are conceptually contradictory.
God's Kingdom in The Law's Republic: religious freedom in South African constitutional jurisprudence
Authors: Kroeze Irma J
Published: July 2017

Freedom is central to most constitutions.  In the constitutional context, freedom usually means both personal freedom and political freedom.  Personal freedom can be described as the right to decide for oneself the terms of one's life, both individually and communally.  It is what Frank Michelman calls self-rule: it "demands the people's determination for themselves of the norms that are to govern their social life".3  Political freedom, on the other hand, implies the protection against arbitrary government power.  This is what Michelman calls law-rule.  In most constitutional dispensations both these types of freedom are implicated and the South African constitution is no exception.4  But, it is ironic that in most constitutional democracies these two types of freedom are also frequently in conflict with one another.  In fact, it is not far-fetched to suggest that they are conceptually contradictory.
Constitutional Interpretation according to First National Bank of SA Limited T/A Wesbank v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Services and another; First National Bank of SA Limited T/A Wesbank v Minister of Finance 2002 (7) Bclr 702 Cc
Authors: Van der Schyff Elmarie
Published: July 2017

“Constitutional interpretation” has become the focus point of all lawyers and academics interested in the development of Constitutional Law in South Africa.  But far more important than mere interest, is the practical application of the Constitution in every matter handled by lawyers and presided over by presiding officers.

 

Words, phrases and ideas, foreign to the Roman-Dutch judicial system, have entered our jurisprudence. New concepts have emerged and old, familiar concepts have been re-defined. It is essential to define these new concepts. The guidelines for this interpretation process, laid down by the Higher Courts, specifically the Constitutional Court, are indispensable for the development of Constitutional Law in South Africa.
Interpreting socio-economic rights - transforming South African society
Authors: Van Rensburg Linda Jansen
Published: July 2017

Honourable Justices, Ladies and Gentlemen, before I embark on my paper I would like to quote the following words of Archbishop Desmond Tutu1 who describes human rights as "God-given, there simply and solely because we are human beings".  He further notes that: 

they were universal – everyone, just everyone whoever they might be, whether rich or poor, learned or ignorant, beautiful or ugly, black or white, man or woman, by the fact of being a human being had these rights. …. As a Christian I would add that each person was of infinite value because everyone had been created in the image of God.  Each one was a God carrier and to treat any such person as if they were less than this was blasphemous, a spitting in the face of God.2 

Human Rights and the continuous transformation thereof in a Bill of fundamental enforceable rights have changed the face of South African society forever.  These rights guarantee each citizen equality, freedom and human dignity irrespective of race, colour, sex and the fact that they may be rich or poor.  The Constitution contains a Bill of Rights that addresses both civil and political rights as well as socio-economic rights.  Socio-economic rights in laymen's terms are rights placing an obligation on the state to act positively in favor of its citizens. These rights are also known as second generation -, welfare – or (and) red rights. They are specifically aimed at realizing the rights to access to housing, health-care, sufficient food and water, and social security of those in need.
Menswaardigheid na tien jaar van regstaatlikheid in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Ackermann LWH
Published: July 2017

Human dignity has been the marrow of our Constitution and our constitutional state since 1994.  The inherent dignity of man is also a key principle of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. The Kantian categorical imperatives continue to provide guidance regarding the meaning of human dignity. At the very least, people are entitled to be regarded as moral subjects and not as objects: as subjects with absolute and inherent worth and therefore also as moral subjects of equal worth. 

The juridical core of the pathology of apartheid was the extensive and sustained attempt to deprive the majority of South Africans of the right to self-identification and self-determination. It amounted to an inversion of the Kantian imperatives. A reversal of this inversion has been attempted over the past ten years.  The Constitution not only elevates human dignity to a specially entrenched value, but also affords it special protection in the context of fundamental rights.  It is furthermore a specific consideration in the limitation of rights and in the development of the common law. It applies not only to the state/subject relationship, but also to "horizontal" relationships and it must be taken into account in the interpretation of the Constitution. 

Constitutional jurisprudence has established that the Constitution is more than a formal document, but that it also represents an objective, normative value system.  Thus the foundational norm of human dignity radiates into all areas of the law.  The role of human dignity in the interpretation and application of norms applicable to remedial or restitutionary equality, as well as in the achievement of constitutional equilibrium in the "horizontal" operation of the Bill of Rights, has also been established. 

The realization of human dignity is but in its initial stages: civil society, including educational institutions, are called upon to make their contribution to the process.
Legislative and other measures taken by government to realise the right of children to shelter
Authors: Mc Murray I , Van Rensburg L Jansen
Published: July 2017

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1996 entrenches numerous socioeconomic rights. One of these socio-economic rights is contained in section 26 that grants everyone the right to have access to adequate housing and section 28 that grants every child the additional right to basic shelter among others. This article aims to examine the legislative and other measures taken by the state to realise the right to shelter of children. Firstly, the legislative measures taken specifically for the realisation of children's right to basic shelter as envisaged by section 28(1)(c) will be discussed. Thereafter attention will be drawn to those measures taken to ensure the progressive realisation of section 26. Section 26 provides everyone, including children, the right of access to adequate housing. Therefore, every measure taken to realise section 26 is indirectly applicable to the realisation of section 28(1)(c) and children's right to basic shelter. 

The conclusion may be drawn that most of the discussed legislative and other measures are aimed at realising everyone's right of access to adequate housing, this includes children. However, most of these measures make little mention of the specific right of children to basic shelter. It is regarded as inclusive in the overall application of the legislation. Once again, it must be stressed that these legislative and other measures, in order to comply with the standard of reasonableness, must regard the interest of children to be paramount. If such legislation does not provide for the interest of children as a vulnerable group, it can be argued that the relevant legislative measure is not constitutionally valid. 

It is submitted that national government must recognise the importance of the role of local government, and local government should increasingly assume policy-making and implementation powers in their area. This will go a long way to building local capacity to function as effective development facilitators. As far as the resource problem is concerned, corruption in municipalities should be eradicated, while municipal capacity to manage and mobilise resources must be enhanced.  

The importance of co-operative government cannot be over emphasised. Without an effective integrated plan of action, which includes cooperation between all three spheres of government, as well as the participation of civil society, especially people who are directly affected by the implementation of socio-economic rights, realising the right of children to shelter will only exist on paper.
A return to the manifest justice principle: a critical examination of the "reasonable suspicion/apprehension of bias" and "real possibility of bias" tests for judicial bias in South Africa and England
Authors: Nwauche ES
Published: July 2017

The impartiality of judges often expressed in the Latin maxim nemo iudex in propria causa interpreted to mean that no man should be a judge in his own cause together with the right of fair hearing make up the right to natural justice. This principle is recognized by a number of provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Section 165 (4) provides that the organs of state shall through legislative and other measures assist and protect the courts to ensure their independence, impartiality, dignity, accessibility and effectiveness. Furthermore, section 34 of the same Constitution provides that everyone has the right to have any dispute resolved by the application of law by a court or, where appropriate another independent and impartial tribunal or forum. Article 6(1) of the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950 as incorporated in the Human Rights Act 1988, applicable in England since 2000 provides that: "In the determination of his civil rights and obligations … everyone is entitled to a fair hearing … by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law." The independence of courts and impartiality of judges are closely related in that they operate to sustain public confidence in the administration of justice.

This article advocates a return to the use of the manifest justice principle enshrined as the proper contextfor the application of the tests of "reasonable apprehension of bias" adopted by South African courtsand "real possibility of bias" adopted by English courtsin the consideration of allegation of apparent bias. This paper argues that the tests are differentand that while the English test is a move of English courts from the real danger/likelihood

test in consonance with an overwhelming global jurisprudence the South African test is a move away from this global jurisprudence and arguably back to the real danger/likelihood test. This paper also argues that the reasonable apprehension test as applied by the minority in SACCAWU v Irvin & Johnson Ltd (Seafoods Division Fish Processing)is a more acceptable interpretation of the reasonable apprehension test than the test laid down in President of the Republic of South Africa v South Africa Rugby Football Union (2) and its interpretation by the majority in SACCAWU v Irvin & Johnson Ltd (Seafoods Division Fish Processing). More importantly there is an examination of cases where the tests have been applied which hopefully shows that there are considerable problems and inconsistency in their application and argue that the manifest justice principle provides the proper context for the tests to be properly applied.
Learned Staatsrecht from the Heartland of the Rechtsstaat Observations on the Significance of South African-German Interaction in Constitutional Scholarship ?
Authors: Du Plessis L
Published: July 2017

During (especially the latter half of) the previous century it was impressed on several generations of law students (mainly but not exclusively) at Afrikaans speaking law faculties in South Africa, to pride themselves on their “principled” legal education.1 Akin to (and indeed associated with) the paranormal knack of “thinking/reasoning like a jurist”, principled legal thinking was not really taught (or learnt), but sustained (like injuries) as a result of exposure to principled law teachers, enhanced by the ambiance of a principle-prone law faculty. In the impressionable, young minds thus shaped Begriffsjurisprudenz was principled legal thinking incarnate, and Germany the Valhalla2 for those forever true to it.
Programas comunitarios de salud podológica. Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Tovaruela Carrión Natalia , Cruz Salas Miguel , Ramos Galván José , Munuera Martínez Pedro Vicente
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica para identificar los Programas de salud de Podología basados en el cuidado de la salud de los pies en otros países y los programas o actividades similares desarrolladas en España.Método: Revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos (Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL, SportDiscus y Goggle Académico), con diferentes descriptores MESH relacionados con el tema. Se incluyen artículos que tienen una relación directa con el desarrollo de Programas de Salud Podológica en diferentes países. Como primera línea se han seleccionado artículos que trataban específicamente de la implantación de guías, protocolos o programas de salud dirigidos específicamente por Podología; incluyéndose artículos sin limitar fecha de publicación en algunas bases de datos específicas, para elaborar un recorrido histórico por el campo de actuación de la Podología en diferentes épocas. Se excluyeron los artículos que no se relacionaban con el pie o con el miembro inferior; se incluyeron los artículos que tienen una relación directa con el desarrollo de Programas de Salud Podológica en diferentes países. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 128 referencias. Se seleccionaron 74 y finalmente 19 estudios fueron los incluidos en el estudio, 16 internacionales y 9 nacionales.Conclusión: Existen escasez de investigaciones sobre Podología y Promoción de la Salud, hecho que nos llama la atención, pues la implementación de Programas de Salud Podológica tiene un impacto positivo en la salud de los pies de las personas y contribuyen a la prevención de alteraciones podológicas y ayudan a reducir la incidencia de complicaciones.
Hydropurification of Catalytically Cracked Gasoline
Authors: Tuktin B.
Published: July 2017

New polyfunctional catalysts for hydrodesulphurization, hydroisomerization and hydrogenation of catalytically cracked gasoline have been developed. The activity of synthesized catalysts was studied for the above processes in flow conditions on a fixed bed at various temperatures and space velocities of the feed. Activity of studied catalysts depends on the nature of modified additives. Catalyst KT-17 modified by the zeolites HZSM-5, HY and other additives have high hydro-desulfurisation, hydroisomerization and hydrogenation activities compared to catalyst KT-18. The residual sulphur content is less than 0.01% in processed gasoline which corresponds to European standards. Decreasing of concentration of olefin with high octane numbers has small influence on octane number of catalytically cracked gasoline hydro-treated on KT catalysts. It is related with high degree of isomerisation of n-alkanes to isoalkanes. Temperature interval of 320-380°C is found to be suitable for high hydro-desulfurisation activity.with simultanesous decrease of olefin content and increasing isoalkanes concentration. Increasing of space velocity of raw material feed from 2.0 to 6.0 hour-1 results in decreasing of desulfurisation degree from 97.3 to 91.1% and output of isoalkanes from 43.1 to 37.0%, increasing of olefins content in the reaction products from 11.9 to 33.0%. Catalysts KT-17 and KT-18 have poly-functional properties; reactions of hydro-desulfurisation, hydro-isomerisation and hydrogenation take place simultaneously and allow producing low sulfur, high octane and stable gasoline.
Combined Sensitisation of Benzaldehyde Diphenylhydrazones: Effect of Hydrazone Structure on Sensitization Efficiency
Authors: Mikubayeva E.V. , Kobotayeva N.S. , Sirotkina E.E.
Published: July 2017

Injection, spectral and combined (injection-spectral) sensitisations of several benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazones have been studied using the layers of amorphous selenium and complex compounds based on
pyril dyes to broaden photosensitivity spectrum of electrophotographic carrier and to study sensitisation mechanism. Two photogeneration mechanisms for charge carriers have been shown to exist at a combined
sensitisation, i.e. generation in the injection layer followed by the injection into a transport layer and generation in a transport layer on a dye. The excited dye molecules have been established to create hole strapping sites in a transport layer: it is exhibited in a different nature of photodischarge curves in selenium- and dye-absorbing regions at the negative surface potential. The effect of the substituent in a benzaldehyde fragment on the efficiency of injection, spectral and combined sensitisations of benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazones
has been studied. The ionization potentials of hydrazones were determined by the two following methods: according to the charge transfer band of hydrazone-chloranil charge transfer complexes and
by means of quantum-chemical calculations of hydrazone molecules to interpret the results obtained. In the course of quantum-chemical calculations the conjugation character was also determined in the molecules of benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazones.
Religiosität des Krimis. Theoretische Betrachtungen zu einer (gottlosen?) Gattung
Authors: Brylla Wolfgang
Published: July 2017

-
What a Suave Man he Was! […] The Earth Trembled as he Perished Two Polish Suicides: Wołodyjowski – Wokulski
Authors: Samborska-Kukuć Dorota
Published: July 2017

There is more to the literary polemic between the author of The Doll and the creator of The Trilogy than merely Prus’ contradictory review of Sienkiewicz’s With Fire and Sword. It also includes The Doll’s multifarious allusiveness to Fire in the Steppe, manifested in particular in the meaningful, symbolic ending, whereby both protagonists blow themselves up, literally and metaphorically cornered in old buildings. Prus converses with Sienkiewicz in a discreet manner, though the careful reader will spot contentious issues. These include the struggle for a different type of protagonist – not a hero, but an individual entangled in romantic myths, paralysing their life forces; a different perception of the past, rational and fair rather than glorified and martyrological; finally, a different outlook on the present and the future, promoting entrepreneurship and economy as tools for the development of Poland as a European partner, rather than the idealistic focus on the utopian, foregone concepts of military achievements. The text highlights the similarities in the characters of Wokulski and Wołodyjowski, with special emphasis on the final scenes and the demise of the world after the protagonists’ respective disappearance. The two famous literary suicides, patterning after the deed of Ordon as depicted in Mickiewicz’s poem, have been parodied (e.g. by Mrożek) and adopted, thus becoming literary weapons in the struggle with the Polish mythopoeia, xenophobia, and exaggerated patriotism.
Ostatni przed wojną Zjazd Polskich Geografów w Krakowie Instytut Geograficzny Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 28–29 maja 1939 roku
Authors: Jackowski Antoni
Published: July 2017

Główny referat na Zjeździe pt. „Geografia a obronność państwa” wygłosił prof. S. Pawłowski. W sposób wszechstronny scharakteryzował w nim warunki obronne Polski. Zjazd odbywał się w bardzo gorączkowej atmosferze. Wokół trwały przygotowania do prawdopodobnej wojny z Niemcami. Nie przewidywano jeszcze zajęcia fragmentu terytorium Polski przez Sowietów. Niektóre wystąpienia nabrały charakteru pożegnalnego.
Badania geograficzne wobec wyzwań interdyscyplinarności studiów nad rozwojem
Authors: Czerny Mirosław
Published: July 2017

Artykuł stanowi krótki przegląd koncepcji badań geograficznych nad krajami rozwijającymi się. Autorka analizuje ewolucję podejścia do kwestii rozwoju w badaniach geograficznych – od geografii krajów rozwijających się do geograficznych badań nad rozwojem i zastanawia się, jakie obecnie jest miejsce geografii rozwoju w polskich analizach na temat globalnego Południa. Wskazuje również na powiązanie podejść geograficznych z innymi w ramach nauk społecznych. Nawiązuje w tym do interdyscyplinarności analiz rozwoju i niedorozwoju w krajach globalnego Południa.
Dynamika i kierunki rozwoju suburbanizacji rezydencjalnej w aglomeracji poznańskiej
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz
Published: July 2017

Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie głównych cech rozwoju budownictwa mieszkaniowego w aglomeracji poznańskiej (Poznań i 17 gmin powiatu poznańskiego). Tu najwcześniej z obszarów wielkomiejskich w Polsce (za wyjątkiem Łodzi), zaczął się proces depopulacji miasta centralnego, któremu towarzyszy lawinowy wzrost liczby mieszkańców w gminach ościennych. Główną tego przyczyną są migracje rezydencjalne mieszkańców Poznania do strefy podmiejskiej, które nasiliły się szczególnie po 2004 roku. W pracy przedstawiono szacunki rozwoju terenów mieszkaniowych aglomeracji na podstawie lokalnych studiów planistycznych. Wykazano znaczne przeszacowanie chłonności terenów przeznaczonych pod budownictwo mieszkaniowe w stosunku do pro­gnoz demograficznych.
Miasto gruzińskie – semantyka wybranych pojęć
Authors: Pirveli Marika
Published: July 2017

Miejscowości zlokalizowane na terenie (obecnej) Gruzji mają przeważnie starożytną i wczesnośredniowieczną genezę. Z tychże okresów pochodzi znaczna część gruzińskojęzycznych terminów opisujących miasto, miejskość i jego mieszkańców. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie fenomenu miejskości w kontekście semantyki kilku podstawowych pojęć. Znajomość genezy terminu pozwala, zdaniem autorki, dostrzec kulturową pojemność miejsca, do określania których są one używane. W końcowej części tekstu, rozpatrywane wcześniej pojęcia, postrzegane są jako nośniki pamięci historycznej i kulturowej.
Problematyka badawcza z zakresu poczucia bezpieczeństwa człowieka w przestrzeni miasta
Authors: Bogacka Emilia
Published: July 2017

Praca ma charakter przeglądowy i dotyczy polskich publikacji podejmujących problematykę poczucia bezpieczeństwa człowieka w przestrzeni miasta. Analizowano następujące zagadnienia: 1) dobre i złe dzielnice jako stereotypy przestrzenne, 2) poczucie bezpieczeństwa a typ zabudowy, 3) poczucie bezpieczeństwa w miejscach publicznych, 4) poczucie bezpieczeństwa w sąsiedztwie, 5) poczucie bezpieczeństwa a pora dnia oraz 6) poczucie bezpieczeństwa a cechy demograficzno-społeczne.
Evasão e repetência na seção masculina do 1º Grupo Escolar de Campinas (1928 - 1935)
Authors: Cason Silvia Regina , Menezes Maria Cristina
Published: July 2017

O trabalho discute as marcas deixadas pelos alunos da seção masculina do 1º Grupo escolar de Campinas “Francisco Glicério”, de 1928 a 1935. Os Livros de Matrículas do Arquivo Histórico da instituição revelaram significativo número de repetências nos anos iniciais do curso primário (1º e 2º anos), com eliminações várias e evasões através de abandono silencioso – sem o registro de suas razões. Se por um lado, as possíveis causas elencadas não se confirmem; por outro lado, permanecem as possibilidades de investigar a educação campineira nos arquivos escolares que buscamos recuperar e preservar.
Tingkat Kesiapan Kali Pepe untuk Dikembangakan sebagai Kawasan Wisata Berbasis Sungai di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Widowati Nurul , Astuti Winny , Rahayu Murtanti Jani
Published: July 2017

Surakarta is a city that has the potential of the river. But in the process, these rivers suffered environmental degradation as a function instead of the banks into slums and squatter, and functions of rivers that serve as places of waste disposal. Government’s city of Surakarta has done various setup area of the river. One of the targeted structuring Pepe-River is often known by the name Kali Pepe. Kali Pepe is the river which has the most strategic location because it divides the centre of city and the river has a past history of Surakarta. Kali Pepe is the witness of history where culture and trade activities in the rapidly growing city of Surakarta in the past with the ecological function and physical function as transportation trade.Setuping Kali Pepe, according to the Mayor of Surakarta, is directed to serve as recreation/tourism area. Since the Surakarta Mayor initiated the year 2015 that Kali Pepe as a tourist area. The initiated moves the government and society in order to more actively participate in developing the area into a tourist area. This research would like to know how the readiness level of the Kali Pepe area to be developed as a tourist area-based streams. The components of preparedness were seen from aspect of attractions or natural tourist attraction, artificial attractions, acessesiblity, institutional, infrastructure supporting tourism, and the behavior of the flooding of the river. This research is quantitative research in methods of scoring analysis. The result of this research has shown that Kali Pepe less readiness to be developed as a tourist area-based stream. Aspects of accessibility and infrastructure supporting tourism were an aspect which has a readiness. But for this aspect of the attraction, institutional and river flooding behavior is still in the stage of less readiness.

 

Keywords: readiness, tourist areas, river tours
Science in the Supply Chain: Collaboration Opportunities for Advancing Sustainable Agriculture in the United States
Authors: Thomson Allison M. , Ramsey Stewart , Barnes Ed , Basso Bruno , Eve Marlen , Gennet Sasha , Grassini Patricio , Kliethermes Brandon , Matlock Marty , McClellen Eileen , Spevak Ed , Snyder Clifford S. , Tomer Mark D. , van Kessel Chris , West Tristram , Wick Grant
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Sustainability indicators for US agriculture demonstrate improvement since 1980.

Emerging multi‐stakeholder initiatives are seeking to drive further improvement.

Collaboration with the scientific community is key to achieving improvements.

Consumers and corporations are increasingly interested in understanding the sustainability of agricultural supply chains and reducing the environmental impacts of food, fiber, feed, and fuel production. This emerging need to quantify environmental impacts from agricultural production creates an opportunity for collaboration with the scientific community. Without such collaboration, sustainability efforts risk failure by adopting unrealistic goals or misguided approaches. This commentary explores the role of science in Field to Market, a nonprofit organization developing a sustainability program for US commodity crops, and highlights opportunities to address emerging science challenges. We evaluate changes over the past 35 years in key environmental impacts of crop production used to inform land managers as well as companies that are committed to improvements. Achieving improvements will only be possible if three key gaps are addressed regarding available simulation models and data, scale of implementation and uncertainty, and effectiveness of conservation practices. Filling these gaps presents an opportunity for dialogue between scientists, farmers, and private‐sector stakeholders to advance scientific knowledge and promote the common objective of sustainable agriculture.
Zoysiagrass (Zoysiaspp.) History, Utilization, and Improvement in the United States: A Review
Authors: Patton Aaron J. , Schwartz Brian M. , Kenworthy Kevin E.
Published: July 2017

Since its introduction into the United States in 1892, zoysiagrass (Zoysiaspp. Willd.) has made a tremendous impact on the US turfgrass industry. Three species of zoysiagrass [Z. japonicaSteud.,Z. matrella(L.) Merr., andZ. pacifica(Goudswaard) M. Hotta & S. Kuroki] collected from East Asia and the Pacific Islands were introduced into the United States and are used directly as turf or by turfgrass breeders in the development of advanced lines. Golf courses, lawns, grounds, sod farms, athletic fields, roadsides, and airports are some of the many locations where zoysiagrass is used. While almost 50 improved cultivars of zoysiagrass have been developed to date, active efforts to improve zoysiagrass further and expand its utilization are ongoing. These continued improvements in stress and pest tolerance allow for expanded use of this low‐input turf species. This review summarizes the history of zoysiagrass in the United States; summarizes species introduction and utilization; addresses and discusses strengths and shortcomings of the species; evaluates breeding history, methodology, and challenges; and suggests future prospects and potential for zoysiagrass.
NOTAS METODOLÓGICAS
Authors: Machado Maria Helena
Published: July 2017

A construção de um projeto de pesquisa a partir de uma demanda específica, como a requerida pelo Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (Cofen) à Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) para a realização da Pesquisa Perfil da Enfermagem no Brasil, requer longa negociação quanto aos objetivos, abrangência e, consequentemente, a metodologia a ser adotada.
O CONSELHO FEDERAL DE ENFERMAGEM NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE: PERSPECTIVAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Da Silva Manoel Carlos Neri
Published: July 2017

O artigo aborda o papel do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de saúde por meio da regulamentação e impacto no exercício profissional da enfermagem no Sistema Único de Saúde. O texto tomou por base os dados da Pesquisa Perfil da Enfermagem no Brasil.
MERCADO DE TRABALHO DA ENFERMAGEM: ASPECTOS GERAIS - DEBATEDOR 2
Authors: Sampaio Maria do Rozário de Fátima Borges , Franco Caroline Sampaio
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo debateremos dados revelados pela Pesquisa Perfil da Enfermagem no Brasil Fiocruz/Cofen, 2013, nos aspectos relacionados ao Mercado de Trabalho, notadamente no tocante a vida útil do profissional, emprego (situação/ vínculos/salários) e fidelização à profissão. Conhecer o cenário onde atua a Equipe de Enfermagem e como se comporta o mercado de trabalho onde atuam os profissionaisse mostra fundamental para embasar o planejamento de políticas direcionadas a esses profissionais.
COMPORTAMENTO INFORMACIONAL DE GESTORES DE UMA SUPERINTENDÊNCIA REGIONAL DE SAÚDE
Authors: Passos Tamires Rezende , Costa Wanesia Saldanha , Oliveira Jessica Silva , Quites Humberto Ferreira de Oliveira , Dos Santos Regina Consolação , Cavalcante Ricardo Bezerra
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: compreender o comportamento informacional de gestores em uma Superintendência Regional de Saúde. Metodologia: estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou como referencial teórico o comportamento informacional de Wilson. Realizaram-se entrevistas com gestores de uma superintendência em Minas Gerais, analisadas a partir da Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: as necessidades e busca por informações estavam atreladas às demandas de soluções emergenciais. Dentre as várias fontes, as pessoas foram reconhecidas em um fluxo informacional verticalizado. Informações de baixa qualidade foram utilizadas, gerando incerteza para as decisões. Conclusão: o comportamento informacional dos gestores é assistemático e possui fragilidades que podem dificultar o planejamento e a tomada de decisões assertivas.Descritores: Comportamento de Busca de Informação, Gestão da Informação em Saúde, Gestão em Saúde.INFORMATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF MANAGERS IN REGIONAL SUPERINTENDENCE OF HEALTHObjective: to understand the informational behavior of managers in a regional superintendence of health. Methodology: Case study with qualitative approach that used Wilson behavior as a theoretical reference. Interviews were conducted with managers of a superintendency in Minas Gerais, and analyzed from the Content Analysis. Results: the necessities and pursuit for information was linked to the demands of emergency solutions. Among the various sources, people were recognized in a vertical information flow. Low quality of information were used generating uncertainty in decisions. We conclude that the informational behavior of managers is unsystematic and potentially damaging to the management of information.Descriptors: Search Behavior Information, Health Information Management, Health Management.COMPORTAMIENTO INFORMATIVO DE GERENTES DE UNA SUPERINTEDENCIA REGIONAL DE SALUDObjetivo: Estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo. Buscado entender el comportamiento informativo de los gestores en Salud. Utilizamos la teoría del comportamiento de información de Wilson. Entrevistamos a los gestores de una superintendencia de salud en Minas Gerais. Se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido para analizar los datos. Las necesidades y búsqueda de información estaba vinculada a las demandas de soluciones emergenciales. Las personas fueron reconocidas como fuentes en un flujo de información vertical. Hubo baja calidad de la información que genera decisiones inciertas. Se concluye que el comportamiento de información de los gestores no es sistemática y potencialmente dañino para la gestión de la información.Descriptores: Comportamiento de Búsqueda de Información, Gestión de Información Sanitaria, Gestión de la Salud.
HUBUNGAN PEKERJAAN IBU TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SIPAYUNG
Authors: Bahriyah Fitriyani , Jaelani Abdul Khodir , Putri Monifa
Published: July 2017

ASI Eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI kepada bayi tanpa makanan dan minuman pendamping (termasuk air jeruk, madu, air gula), yang dimulai sejak bayi baru lahir sampai dengan usia 6 bulan. Salah satu penyebab belum berhasilnya pelaksanaan ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia adalah faktor ibu yang bekerja (meski itu bukan satu-satunya faktor penyebab kegagalan). Pekerjaan mempengaruhi keberhasilan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi, karena ibu sebagai IRT memiliki waktu lebih banyak bersama anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan pekerjaan ibu terhadap pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sipayung Kecamatan Rengat Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sipayung Kecamatan Rengat Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 152 orang dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas ibu memberikan ASI Eksklusif 50,7%, bekerja sebagai IRT 75,7%, ada hubungan antara pekerjaan ibu terhadap pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan nilai Pvalue 0,018 (R= 0,396). Ibu yang bekerja sebagai Non IRT cenderung  memberikan ASI Eksklusif dikarenakan pengetahuan ibu yang lebih baik. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber informasi mengenai ASI Eksklusif, sehingga pihak Puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan dapat bekerja sama dalam meningkatkan pemberian ASI Eksklusif.
HUBUNGAN UMUR, PARITAS DAN PENDAMPING PERSALINAN DENGAN INTENSITAS NYERI PERSALINAN KALA I
Authors: Afritayeni Afritayeni
Published: July 2017

Proses persalinan kala I fase aktif akan menimbulkan respon nyeri yang dialami semua ibu bersalin. Salah satu pengaruh efek nyeri persalinan yaitu efek prilaku. Dari laporan bulanan PWS-KIA  Dinas Kesehatan Kota Pekanbaru didapatkan jumlah ibu bersalin pada Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sidomulyo sebanyak 2.800 orang pada tahun 2014. Klinik Pratama Sarinah dengan jumlah penanganan persalinan dalam tahun 2015 sebanyak 160 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan umur, paritas dan pendamping persalinan dengan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif deselerasi di Klinik Pratama Sarinah Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik kuantitatif, dengan desain korelasional dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel minimum. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dan sekunder, instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa observasi dan data checklis yang meliputi umur, paritas dan pendamping persalinan serta intensitas nyeri persalinan. Berdasarkan analisis chi square terhadap umur dengan intensitas nyeri persalinan didapatkan nilai p value 0.001. Analisis chi square terhadap paritas dengan intensitas nyeri persalinan didapatkan nilai p value 0.000. Sedangkan analisis yang dilakukan terhadap hubungan pendamping persalinan dengan intensitas nyeri persalinan didapatlan nilai p value yaitu 0.018 yang artinya p< 0.05 adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara umur, paritas dan pendamping persalinan dengan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif deselerasi
Políticas de la espectralidad en el cine de Raúl Ruiz: una lectura desde una filosofía de la desaparición
Authors: Vera Peñaloza Adolfo
Published: July 2017

La obra cinematográfica de Raúl Ruiz, cineasta, escritor, dramaturgo y escenógrafo chileno exiliado en Francia desde fines de los años 70′, y fallecido el año 2011, no aparece a primera vista como una obra política. Habitualmente clasificada dentro del rótulo “cine fantástico” o “neosurrealista”, esta obra, al no remitir a una realidad concreta y determinable desde criterios propios a la sociología positivista, no tendría mayor interés para analizar y pensar lo que la “urgencia” política de nuestro tiempo obliga. Sin embargo, a partir de un análisis filosófico de lo que la desaparición política implica para un pensamiento de la comunidad, del acontecimiento y de la historia, análisis que habrá de señalar la cuestión de la espectralidad como la clave de lectura de lo que entonces (no) acontece, esta obra -que diluye todo límite entre lo real y lo irreal- aparecerá como una de las más importantes de nuestro tiempo.
Lógicas no clásicas de la vaguedad
Authors: Teijeiro Paula
Published: July 2017

En el presente artículo presentaremos un panorama sencillo de las principales lógicas no clásicas que se han propuesto para lidiar con la paradoja de Sorites, esto es, las lógicas débilmente paracompletas, las débilmente paraconsistentes y las difusas de tipo 1. Notaremos algunas ventajas y problemas de estos sistemas, y finalmente propondremos una cuarta solución -basada en una lógica difusa de tipo 2- que permite superar algunas de las dificultades planteadas.
Novedad empírica y creación de conceptos
Authors: Torretti Roberto
Published: July 2017

Debido a la historicidad de la razón, más que inventariar sus principales conceptos en un momento dado nos interesa estudiar el proceso de su formación y fijación. En este artículo se ilustra ese proceso con ejemplos tomados de la historia de la física. El primer ejemplo concierne a la subordinación en el siglo XVII de los fenómenos archiconocidos de la caída libre y el movimiento de los planetas a un concepto nuevo; los restantes, tomados de la electrodinámica del siglo XIX y la microfísica y la cosmología del siglo XX, ilustran el juego mutuo de tales conceptos con novedades empíricas que en algunos casos los provocan, en otros los realizan.
Video head impulse test in children after cochlear implantation
Authors: Lemajic-Komazec Slobodanka , Komazec Zoran , Vlaski Ljiljana , Buljcik-Cupic Maja , Savovic Slobodan , Mihajlovic Dunja , Sokolovac Ivana
Published: July 2017

Background/Aim. Cochlear implantation (CI) is a therapeutic modality that provides a sense of sound to children and adults with profound sensorineural hearing loss or deafness. The aim of this work was to evaluate the lateral semicircular canal function using a high frequency video head impulse test in children after CI. Methods. A prospective descriptive study included 28 children (6?17 years old) with profound sensorineural hearing loss and unilateral CI. The control group included 20 healthy children with normal hearing. The measurement of vestibular function of the lateral semicircular canal was performed using video head impulse test. After cochlear implantation, the children underwent the vestibular testing. Values vestibulo-ocular reflex of lateral semicircular canal were measured using the video head impulse test in the children with cochlear implant and the control group. The values of vestibulo-ocular reflex were compared between the group. Also, in the children with CI values of vestibulo-ocular reflex were compared between the non-implanted ear and the ear with the embedded CI. Results. All 28 children with sensorineural hearing loss underwent the placement of CI through cochleostomy at the average age of 4.8 ? 2.92 years. Children with the cochlear implant had a significantly lower vestibulo-ocular reflex gain of the lateral semicircular canal measured by a high frequency video head impulse test compared to the control group of children with normal hearing (T test: t = 3.714; p = 0.001). However in these children there was no statistically significant difference of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain in the lateral semicircular canal measured in ears with embedded CI and non-implanted ears (T test: t = 0.419; p = 0.677). Conclusion. The values of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain in the lateral semicircular canal evaluated by the video head impulse test are significantly lower in the children with a profound sensorineural hearing loss compared to the children with normal hearing. The CI did not appear to have a negative impact on the lateral semicircular canal.
Sá de Miranda e os abismos do eu
Authors: De Aguiar Costa Leila
Published: July 2017

Francisco de Sá de Miranda, poeta seiscentista português dos mais notáveis, é autor de uma obra poética que deambula por certo desconforto da subjetividade trabalhado pelo topos do desengaño.  O objetivo desse artigo é aquele de verificar os modos pelos quais a voz poética põe em cena um ego entregue e dominado pelo mundo das ilusões ─ que, entretanto, a ele compete compreender ─  e aquele de explicitar como se compõe ─ no sentido mesmo da invenção, da disposição e da elocução seiscentistas ─ uma obra em que é comum reconhecer certa autopoiese do sujeito.
Carlos Drummond de Andrade tradutor: prática antropofágica
Authors: Darin Leila Cristina De Melo , Vieira Filho Edgar Rosa
Published: July 2017

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo analisar as traduções poéticas do notório poeta brasileiro Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902-1987) à luz do conceito de antropofagia, desenvolvido no Brasil pelo movimento modernista da década de 1920 e articulado a questões de tradução principalmente pelos poetas concretistas Haroldo e Augusto de Campos na década de 1970. O corpus selecionado para tecer considerações sobre a prática tradutória “antropofágica” de Drummond de Andrade são poesias traduzidas pelo poeta das línguas inglesa, espanhola e francesa publicadas na coletânea intitulada Carlos Drummond de Andrade Poesia Traduzida (2011), organizada pelos pesquisadores Augusto Massi e Júlio Castañon Guimarães.
Upaya Guru Bimbingan Dan Konseling Mempersiapkan Peserta Didik Dalam Memilih Sekolah Lanjutan Di Smp Negeri Kota Padang
Authors: Suarja Septya , Neviyarni Neviyarni , Mudjiran Mudjiran
Published: July 2017

Satuan pendidikan SMP memiliki peran penting dalam membantu kesuksesan peserta didik dalam memilih sekolah lanjutan. Untuk itu proses pelaksanaan pelayanan difokuskan pada bidang pengembangan pribadi dan belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap, mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis upaya guru BK mempersiapkan peserta didik dalam memilih sekolah lanjutan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel 30 guru BK dari 8 sekolah SMPN Kota Padang yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yakni dengan model skala Likert. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik statistik sederhana (teknik persentase). Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat disimpulkan upaya guru BK mempersiapkan peserta didik dalam memilih sekolah lanjutan berada pada kategori cukup. Dengan demikian upaya guru BK perlu ditingkatkan dari program pelayanan BK dan pelaksanaan pelayanan BK.