bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I wish we had met under different circumstances!
Authors: Kent Rob
Published: June 2024

I am convinced that I would have met Avi and Julie Israel, Linda Ventura, and so many others and become friends in the normal flow of life! I am also convinced that I would have met Stephanie Campbell and Ashley Livingston and so many others who found recovery and have helped others on their paths! The reality is, we met because I work on drug policy, and they lost their children and loved ones to overdose and addiction, or, they found their way to recovery and work to help others find their way.
Drug tests show increase in drinking among people with AUD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

In a report released May 21, San Diego‐based Millennium Health found a dramatic increase in alcohol consumption by people who already have alcohol use disorder (AUD), and that those drug tests are more likely to detect alcohol use in people with AUD than in people without AUD.
Enhanced Strength–Ductility Synergy of Mg–6Zn Alloy Wire by Inducing Guinier–Preston Zone Precipitation
Authors: Yan Kai , Cheng Zhaojun , Shao Yi , Sun Liuxia , Zhang Yue , Xue Xiaowei , Liu Huan , Bai Jing
Published: June 2024

This article designs a strategy of introducing ultrafine precipitates into single‐phase microstructure to enhance Mg–6Zn alloy wire. Three combined processes including equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), direct extrusion, and multipass drawing are used to produce 0.3 mm‐diameter wire. The results show that an isothermal process of ECAP, extrusion, and drawing at 32 °C (named route B) produces a near‐fully solid solution microstructure and causes a very high elongation of 21% as well as an ultimate tensile strength of 24 MPa. Furthermore, on this basis, the addition of an aging treatment before drawing induces the precipitation of the Guinier–Preston zone in the near‐single‐phase Mg matrix and improves the tensile elongation to 28%, and the ultimate tensile strength also is increased to 290 MPa.
Rapid Customization of Biomimetic Cartilage Scaffold with Stem Cell Capturing and Homing Capabilities for In Situ Inductive Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects
Authors: Zeng Huajing , Chen Ziyan , Wei Pengyu , Huang Haofei , Liu Bin , Fan Zengjie
Published: June 2024

3D printing of articular cartilage tissue faces challenges like replicating its complex structure, time‐consuming in vitro stem cell culture, and a lack of robust in situ regeneration methods for osteochondral defects (OC). In response, an innovative approach utilizing pre‐designed bioink modular units for one‐step printing and immediate implantation is proposed, circumventing the need for prior in vitro stem cell cultivation. The resulting printed scaffold not only accurately reproduces the three‐layer structure and material gradient of articular cartilage tissue but also attains impressive compressive strength (6.3 MPa) through the reinforcement of hydroxyapatite nanofibers and the establishment of chemical bonds with hydrogels. Moreover, the scaffold integrates stem cell capturing and homing layers on its bottom and top layers via chemical crosslinking aptamer and loading poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres encapsulated with stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α), respectively. This design enables the specific capture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vivo through aptamer interaction, followed by their mobilization to home in on the hyaline cartilage layer via the chemotaxis of SDF‐1α concentration gradient. Within the scaffold's microenvironment, these BMSCs undergo differentiation into distinct cells for each layer, effectively contributing to the repair of OC defects in rabbits.
A Fluorescent Polymer for Facile One‐Step Writing of Polychromic Hidden Information in Flexible Films
Authors: Liu Xiaoyuan , Kleybolte Moritz E. , Hantro Mhamad , Butler Cole , Vagin Sergey I. , van Dyck Colin , Fleischauer Michael , Veinot Jonathan G. C. , Rieger Bernhard , Meldrum Alkiviathes
Published: June 2024

A poly(para)phenylene conjugated polymer is developed to store information via a quick and facile optical writing method. After exposure to UV light, co‐fluorescence (films with two or more written emission colors –, i.e., “double‐on”) and “on‐off” states are written into the flexible polymer films. The hidden information is invisible under ambient lighting and can only be read with an appropriate light source, optical filter, and/or magnifier, thus providing a level of security for information encoded into the films. The physical and chemical mechanisms are discussed responsible for the rapid fluorescence changes that occur under UV exposure and demonstrate microscale multi‐colored artwork and hidden QR codes written into pliable and freestanding films. Depending on the preparation, the written patterns remained easily visible and stable after exposure to water and to ambient levels of UV background radiation.
Chemical Intercalation of Layered Materials: From Structure Tailoring to Applications
Authors: Li Mian , Fan Qi , Gao Lin , Liang Kun , Huang Qing
Published: June 2024

The intercalation of layered materials offers a flexible approach for tailoring their structures and generating unexpected properties. This review provides perspectives on the chemical intercalation of layered materials, including graphite/graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and some particular materials. The characteristics of the different intercalation methods and their chemical mechanisms are discussed. The influence of intercalation on the structural changes of the host materials and the structural change how to affect the intrinsic properties of the intercalation compounds are discussed. Furthermore, a perspective on the applications of intercalation compounds in fields such as energy conversion and storage, catalysis, smart devices, biomedical applications, and environmental remediation is provided. Finally, brief insights into the challenges and future opportunities for the chemical intercalation of layered materials are provided.
Large‐Area Lithium Electroplating on Copper Foil
Authors: Wang Yao‐Xian , Hong Shih‐Kuan , Hsu Hsiao‐Ping , Lan Chung‐Wen
Published: June 2024

Anode‐free lithium metal batteries have attracted much attention due to their high energy density and lack of excess Li. In this work, Li film is deposited on large‐area copper foil (64 cm2) with good uniformity by a self‐designed electroplating device that quickly assembles and can be operated outside the glove box. By adding the high concentration of LiNO3 into the lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide (LiTFSI)‐based electrolyte, the high Li+ conductive solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer regulated the Li+ flux, forming the columnar structure at a high current density of 40 mA cm−2, and compact morphology at 60 mA cm−2. Even at 100 mA cm−2, Li film on copper foil (Li@Cu) maintains its macroscopic uniformity. Furthermore, electrolytes, additives, and temperature are further optimized. The symmetric Li@Cu || Li cell cycle life can extend to 80 cycles. This work provides essential information for future manufacturing processes and scale‐up.
Photocatalyzed One‐Pot Selective Synthesis of γ‐(per)fluoroalkenylated α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Briand Marina , Magnier Emmanuel , Anselmi Elsa , Dagousset Guillaume
Published: June 2024

We report herein a general one‐pot perfluoroalkylation/dehydrohalogenation protocol for the selective perfluoroalkenylation of silyl dienol ethers in their γ position. Importantly, this methodology is applicable to the synthesis of a wide range of γ‐perfluoroalkenylated enals, enones and α,β‐unsaturated amides. Various perfluoroalkenyl moieties could be efficiently introduced, with an important impact on the E/Z diatereoselectivity of the newly formed fluorinated double bond.
Identifying limiting nutrient(s) for better bread wheat and tef productivity in acidic soils of north‐west Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Bazie Zerfu , Amare Tadele , Alemu Erkihun , Agegnew Getachew , Desta Gizaw , Tenagne Abere , Kerebh Bitewlgn , Abebe Atakltie , Awoke Abrham , Ambaw Zmie , Feyisa Tesfaye , Adise Zelalem , Wale Sefinew
Published: June 2024

Food crop productivity is still low because of the decline of soil fertility in Ethiopia, particularly in north‐western Amhara. Fine‐tuning the source and rate of nutrients is required to solve soil fertility problems along landscape positions. Therefore, this study was initiated to investigate the need to apply selected nutrients to tef and wheat in acidic soils. This nutrient omission study was conducted in 74 farmers’ fields of Gozamen and Machakel districts. The omitted nutrients were sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B). Potassium (K) was added, consisting of N, P, K, S, Zn, and B (All+K). Nitrogen plus phosphorus (NP) and no fertilizer treatments were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Furthermore, 50% and 150% of the All+K treatments were also included. The finding revealed that the application of different nutrient types at variable rates had a significant role in the grain and biomass yield of both test crops in the acidic soils. No tef yield and the lowest yield of bread wheat were obtained from the no fertilizer application treatment. The application of All+K had no significant yield advantage compared to NP fertilizer alone. This implies that N and P are the most yield‐limiting nutrients to produce tef and bread wheat, whereas KSZnB nutrients are not yield limiting. Therefore, refining the rates of N and P in acidic soils is needed for the economical use of fertilizers. Finally, applying blended fertilizers without empirical evidence is not recommended for smallholder farmers in the study area.
Safety of cannabidiol products as a social issue: A case series
Authors: Maki Yukari , Tsuchiya Asuka , Yamamoto Rie , Saito Takeshi , Morita Seiji , Nakagawa Yoshihide
Published: June 2024

Background

Cannabidiol (CBD) products have increased in popularity in Japan in recent years, particularly among young people. Some CBD products contain tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main ingredient of cannabis, and its analogs, which are illegal in Japan and have become a social issue. This report discusses the safety of CBD products.

Case Presentation

Five patients with symptoms of CBD ingestion, including nausea, presented to our hospital. Three of the products these patients ingested contained THC. Metabolites of THC were detected in the blood and urine of all three patients, although there were some discrepancies in the urine drug screening test (DS10®). These examination results differed even when the same product was consumed.

Conclusion

CBD products are unsafe and may unintentionally contain THC. It is also important to understand that CBD can turn into THC, and the effective time needed to conduct urine drug screening.
Dinuclear arene ruthenium(II) arylthiourea complexes: Synthesis, structure, cancer cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction studies
Authors: Balaji Sundarraman , Subarkhan Mohamed Kasim Mohamed , Balamurugan Gunasekaran , Ramesh Rengan
Published: June 2024

New half‐sandwich dinuclear arene ruthenium complexes of the general formula [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(k2‐S‐arylthiourea)Cl] (1–3) have been synthesized. The structural characterization of the ruthenium complexes has been established using analytical and various spectroscopic techniques. The bidentate coordination of the ligands and pseudo‐octahedral geometry around the ruthenium(II) ion are confirmed by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. In vitro antiproliferative activity of the complexes has been studied by MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay against lung (A549), breast (MCF‐7), cervical (HeLa), ovarian (A2780) cancer cells, and non‐cancerous NIH‐3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The results show that all the complexes exhibit excellent cytotoxicity towards all the cancer cells, with a low IC50 concentration compared with cisplatin. Further, the mode of cancer cell death has been examined by AO–EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide), and DAPI (4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) staining studies demonstrate the apoptosis‐associated cell morphological changes. Furthermore, the quantitative differentiation of late apoptosis has been elucidated by flow cytometry employing dual staining of Annexin V‐FITC and propidium iodide, which involves the transfer of phosphatidylserine to the external leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane.
UV‐photopolymerized acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesives with semi‐interpenetration structure: Effect of plasticizer structures on adhesion properties
Authors: Kim Misol , Kim Kyeongmin , Park Garam , Kim Hoon , Koo Jaseung
Published: June 2024

Acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were synthesized using a solvent‐free ultraviolet‐induced polymerization method. The monomers n‐(isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate and an initiator, hydroxy dimethyl acetophenone, were used to prepare acrylic copolymers as prepolymers. A multifunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, was added to form a semi‐interpenetrating network, leading to an increase in the modulus and elasticity of the prepolymer. This decreased the peel strength, which is suitable for temporary protective films. Rheological data from small‐amplitude oscillatory shear measurements also revealed consistent results suitable for removable PSAs. The plasticizers, such as dioctyl phthalate and dioctyl terephthalate, possessing favorable interactions with the main resins were found to exhibit transparency, clear debonding, and ultralow release, which are essential features for temporary protective films.
Dynamic optimization of an integrated cultivation‐aggregation model for mAb production
Authors: Jones Wil , Gerogiorgis Dimitrios I.
Published: June 2024

Due to their proteinaceous structure, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are susceptible to irreversible aggregation, with harmful consequences on drug efficacy and patient safety. To mitigate this risk in modern biopharmaceutical processes, it is critical to comply with current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) and pursue operating strategies minimizing irreversible aggregation whilst also maximizing mAb throughput. These conflicting objectives are targeted in this study by formulating and analyzing an integrated dynamic model accounting for both cultivation and aggregation of mAbs from a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line. Two manipulated dynamic variables are considered here in simulation studies: firstly temperature manipulation within a batch reactor, and secondly feed flow manipulation within a series of isothermal fed‐batch reactors. Following this, dynamic optimization investigations have been conducted, firstly with the single objective of maximizing mAb throughput and secondly with multiple (two) objectives of maximizing mAb throughput while also minimizing irreversible aggregate content, simultaneously. The study provides key insight into tradeoffs of how simultaneous temperature and feed flowrate manipulation affects mAb throughput and aggregation inside bioreactors.
Comparative Metabolite Profiling of Three Savannic Species of Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae) via UPLC‐MS/MS and Chemometric Tools
Authors: da Silva Jaqueline Munise Guimarães , de Almeida Rafael Felipe , Zeraik Maria Luiza
Published: June 2024

Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae) is an important genus of neotropical savannas with related biological and medicinal activities but under‐explored metabolomic profiles. We present a chemometric analysis for discriminating secondary metabolites of three species of Banisteriopsis (B. laevifolia, B. malifolia, and B. stellaris) leaves. Initially, each species was separately extracted with ethanol:water (4 : 1, v/v) and analysed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). The chromatographic profiles were subjected to Global Natural Product Social (GNPS) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA). Eighty‐nine compounds (cosine≥0.90) were annotated, including flavonoids, phenolics, and acids. The chemometric analysis (VIP Score) showed each species′ relative concentration of the more relevant compounds. In addition, four compounds that discriminate the metabolomic profiles of B. laevifolia, B. malifolia, and B. stellaris were identified by PLS‐DA.
LV‐predominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy related to pathogenic DSP‐variant
Authors: Ahmad Soban , El Sharu Husam , Fernandes Robin , Kolasa Mark , Bogdan Marcu Constantin
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

In contrast to previously thought, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy can occur exclusively in the left ventricle in association with autosomal dominant mutation, even without any skin manifestations.

We present a case of a 43‐year‐old male with left ventricle (LV)‐predominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) caused by a novel p.Q1830 mutation in the desmoplakin (DSP) gene. The patient had a significant family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and presented with presyncope and exertional dyspnea. The patient's electrocardiography (ECG) showed frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) with bigeminy and couplet patterns. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) revealed late gadolinium enhancement of the left ventricle (LV) and ventricular systolic dysfunction, suggesting LV‐predominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. The patient was started on guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT), and an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) was implanted for primary prevention. The patient reported significant improvement in his heart failure symptoms at the 2‐year follow‐up. The article highlights the importance of timely diagnosis with multimodality imaging and genetic testing and management of the rare DSP‐related LV‐predominant ACM associated with a high risk of SCD.
The unpredictable resorption of bioresorbable scaffolds—A tale of two ABSORBs
Authors: Pradhan Akshyaya , Roy Shubhajeet , Bhandari Monika , Vishwakarma Pravesh , Perrone Marco Alfonso , Sethi Rishi , Hasibuzzaman Md. Al
Published: June 2024

Bioresorbable stents represent a revolutionary treatment for coronary artery disease. Such a device offers the prospect for complete naturalization of artery lumen after strut resorption and restoration of vasomotion while curtailing the duration of dual anti‐platelet therapy. The prototype bioresorbable scaffold (BRS—ABSORB GT1) demonstrated good feasibility and safety in the initial studies compared to metallic drug eluting stent but later fell out of favor due to multiple report of stent thrombosis and target lesion failure. Unpredictable resorption of struts turned out to be one of the “Achilles heel” of the BRS and stent strut were still visible in vessel on optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 3 years. We report a case of differential resorption of two ABSORB BRS implanted simultaneously in the same patient by the same operator. Follow up coronary angiogram revealed only minimal plaques on right coronary artery (RCA) and left anterior descending artery (LAD). The BRS were identified on cine‐angiogram by their radio‐opaque markers at both ends. The OCT run in LAD artery revealed “ghost remnants” of BRS struts in LAD, whereas the RCA BRS had completely healed with minimal “ghost” struts. The ghost remnants of BRS resembled the original “Check box” appearance on OCT during the index implantation.
Development of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus in patient treated with NB‐UVB: A case report and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Behrangi Elham , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Dehghani Abbas , Shayanfar Nasrin , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

The use of phototherapy is highly effective in treating various skin diseases. In this study, the aim is to present vesicular and blister lesions in patients treated with UVB for psoriasis. It is advisable to consider the possibility of BSLE in cases of vesiculobullous lesions following phototherapy, along with other potential diagnoses.

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) is a rare form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus that presents as vesicles and blisters on various parts of the body. The pathological appearance of these lesions often shows subepidermal vesicles with deposits of IgG, IgM, IgA, and complement C3 in granular or linear forms under direct immunofluorescence (DIF) examination. Clinical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of phototherapy in treating various skin conditions. While several studies suggest a correlation between phototherapy and the development of vesiculobullous lesions, most of these reports are related to bullous pemphigoid, with limited research on the occurrence of BSLE following phototherapy. In this case report, vesicular and blistering lesions in a 70‐year‐old man undergoing UVB treatment for psoriasis are described. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus, and the patient experienced significant improvement after treatment with dapsone tablets. A literature review was conducted on the development of vesiculobullous lesions after phototherapy, comparing different approaches presented in previous studies. Our conclusion highlights the importance of considering BSLE as a possible diagnosis in cases of vesiculobullous lesions post‐phototherapy, alongside other potential conditions.
Case report of streptococcal infection as a potential precipitating factor in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in pediatric patients
Authors: Tabibi Pooneh , Shiari Reza , Shafiee Ali , Rahmani Khosro , Saravi Niloofar
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

This pediatric case report underscores the importance of maintaining a high clinical suspicion for polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) in patients presenting with atypical features, such as migratory arthritis and subcutaneous nodules. Importantly, it highlights the focus on the potential relationship between streptococcal infection and cutaneous PAN. Early recognition and prompt, aggressive treatment is critical, as PAN can be a life‐threatening condition if left unmanaged. This case emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to effectively identify and manage this rare vasculitis disorder in the pediatric population.

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare and life‐threatening vasculitis with diverse clinical presentations, posing a diagnostic challenge. Early recognition and prompt intervention are crucial to prevent organ damage. We present the case of an 8‐year‐old boy who exhibited atypical symptoms including migratory arthritis, myalgia, digital discoloration and ischemic changes, and subcutaneous nodules. Initial concerns for septic arthritis were ruled out. A comprehensive evaluation revealed elevated inflammatory markers and a confirmatory skin biopsy demonstrating active leukocytoclastic vasculitis, are highly suggestive of a diagnosis of PAN. Notably, elevated ASO titers suggested a possible concurrent streptococcal infection. The aggressive treatment approach with high‐dose aspirin, steroids, methotrexate, and tocilizumab is justified given the severity of the patient's symptoms and the nature of the disease process. This case underscores the importance of considering PAN in the differential diagnosis for children presenting with atypical features. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention, including addressing potential infectious triggers, are crucial for optimal outcomes in pediatric PAN.
g‐C3N4‐Based Photocatalytic Materials for Converting CO2 Into Energy: A Review
Authors: Zhang Ping , Li Ning , Li Longjian , Yu Yongchong , Tuerhong Reyila , Su Xiaoping , Zhang Bin , Han Lijuan , Han Yuqi
Published: June 2024

Environmental pollution management and renewable energy development are humanity‘s biggest issues in the 21st century. The rise in atmospheric CO2, which has surpassed 400 parts per million, has stimulated research on CO2 reduction and conversion methods. Presently, photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to valuable hydrocarbons enables the transformation of solar energy into chemical energy and offers a novel avenue for energy conversion while regulating the greenhouse effect. This is an ideal strategy for simultaneously addressing environmental issues and the energy crisis. Photocatalysts are essential to photocatalytic processes. Photocatalyst is the core of photocatalytic technology, and graphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has attracted much attention because of its nonmetallic characteristics, and it has the characteristics of low cost, tunable electronic structure, easy manufacture and strong reducibility. However, its activity is not only affected by external reaction conditions, but also by the band gap structure, physical and chemical stability, surface morphology and specific surface area of the photocatalyst it. In this paper, the application progress of g‐C3N4‐based photocatalytic materials in CO2 reduction is reviewed, and the modification strategies of g‐C3N4‐based catalysts to obtain better catalytic efficiency and selectivity in CO2 photocatalytic reduction are summarized, and the future development of this material is prospected.
Robust model predictive control of virtual synchronous generators without weighting factors
Authors: Wang Su'e , Liu Yufan , Zhang Shuai , Hao Pengfei , Liu Jun
Published: June 2024

Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) can provide damping and inertia for new power systems are of wide interest. Model predictive control (MPC) has the advantages of simple structure, easy to deal with constraints, and can achieve multi‐objective control. However, the conventional MPC has the problems of relying on the model parameters as well as the difficulty of taking the values of the weighting factors. Based on this, this paper proposes a robust MPC control strategy without weighting factors, which improves the system robustness by identifying the model parameters through model reference adaptive system (MRAS); and introduces fuzzy decision making (FDM) to avoid the selection of weighting factors. First, the mathematical model of VSG is established and the prediction model of VSG multi‐objective control is derived. Second, a detailed analysis is conducted to examine the impact of parameter mismatch on VSG. Third, the expression for online identification of parameters is derived based on Popov's superstability theory, using FDM to optimize multi‐objective control and using decision functions instead of cost functions to avoid the selection of weighting factors. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified through the RT‐LAB semi‐physical platform.
Customizing an all‐in‐one polydimethylsiloxane‐based electroanalytical platform using a 3D‐pen templated channel
Authors: Silva do Carmo Jéssica da , Roveda Liriana Mara , Rodrigues Raphael , de Carvalho Cláudio Teodoro , Trindade Magno Aparecido Gonçalves
Published: June 2024

The combination of 3D‐printing technology and microfluidics has garnered widespread interest for creating new designs and has opened a large window for creativity. However, some laboratories do not have the necessary technology to explore this potential advantage. In this paper, we demonstrate how to explore target technologies to fabricate a single version of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based electroanalytical platform using a low‐cost protocol and disposable materials. This protocol is cost‐effective in terms of equipment and materials, allowing for the creation of a circular channel, a T‐junction system, and two designs of electrochemical detectors customized onto a single platform. The interesting new device has some important characteristics, such as fabrication following green and sustainable protocols. Additionally, it can address the limitations associated with flow‐based analysis, for which the classical three‐electrode configuration is inadequate. It has also demonstrated the feasibility of using the device in analytical applications for the determination of salicylic acid in commercial dermocosmetic samples, including aqueous samples.
Enhanced Heat Transfer Efficiency through Formulation and Rheo‐Thermal Analysis of Palm Oil‐Based CNP/SiO2 Binary Nanofluid
Authors: Kulandaivel Sridhar , Ngui Wai Keng , Samykano Mahendran , Rajamony Reji Kumar , Suraparaju Subbarama Kousik , Abd Ghafar Nurhanis Sofiah , Mat Noor Muhamad
Published: June 2024

The present work addresses the shortcomings of heat transfer fluid behavior by emphasizing solutions for improved stability, enhanced thermal properties, and environmental sustainability. The study introduces an innovative hybrid nanofluid combining silicon dioxide (SiO2) and cellulose nanoparticles (CNP) into analytical‐grade Palm oil, adopting a two‐step methodology. This endeavor represents a significant advancement in exploring SiO2–CNP‐Palm oil hybrid nanofluids, positioning them as promising candidates for advanced heat transfer media. Physical characterization analysis confirms the successful integration of SiO2 and CNP into analytical‐grade Palm oil. The nanosuspensions of CNP‐Palm oil, SiO2‐Palm oil, and SiO2/CNP‐Palm oil are prepared at varying volume concentrations. All nanosuspensions demonstrated good stability after ultrasonication, as evidenced by optical performance and sedimentation studies, which endure for up to 60 d. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis further substantiates the chemical stability, revealing no emergence of peaks associated with the diffusion of nano‐additives. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also affirms superior thermal stability in all nanosuspensions compared to base fluids. Rheological studies indicate that Palm oil exhibits Newtonian behavior. The nanofluid containing 0.1 w/v% SiO2/CNP nanoparticles exhibits a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity, showcasing an impressive 81.11% improvement. In addition, the nanofluid demonstrates an increase in viscosity with higher nanoparticle concentrations and decreased viscosity with rising temperatures.
Attitudes to long‐term care in India: A secondary, mixed methods analysis
Authors: Alberts Sweedal , Nadarajah Abinaya , Cooper Claudia , Brijnath Bianca , Loganathan Santosh , Varghese Matthew , Antoniades Josefine , Baruah Upasana , Dow Briony , Kent Mike , Rao Rachita , Budgett Jessica , Ahmed Amaani
Published: June 2024

Objectives

In India, globalisation is purported to have contributed to shifting family structures and changing attitudes to long‐term care (LTC) facility use. We investigated the attitudes to and usage frequency of LTC in India.

Methods

We conducted secondary analyses of: (a) The Moving Pictures India Project qualitative interviews with 19 carers for people with dementia and 25 professionals, collected in 2022, exploring attitudes to LTC; and (b) The Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) 2017–2018, cross‐sectional survey of a randomised probability sample of Indian adults aged 45+ living in private households.

Results

We identified three themes from qualitative data: (1) LTC as a last resort, describes how LTC could be acceptable if care at home was “impossible” due to the person's medical condition or unavailability of the family carer, for example, if family members lived overseas or interstate. (2) Social expectations of care at home from family members and paid carers and; (3) Limited availability of LTC facilities in India, especially in rural localities, and the financial barriers to their use. Of 73,396 LASI participants, 40 were considering moving to LTC; 18,281 had a parent alive, of whom 9 reported that their father, and 16 that their mother, lived in LTC. LTC use was rare. While a third of participants with a living parent lived in urban areas, 14/24 of those with a parent in LTC lived in an urban area, supporting our qualitative findings that LTC is mainly accessed in urban areas.

Conclusions

Preference for intergenerational community care combined with limited availability and societal stigma contribute to low rates of LTC use among Indian families. Future social policies should consider how to plan for greater equity in strengthening care at home and in the community, and bolstering respite and LTC services as a last resort.
The effect of birth timing manipulation around carnival on birth indicators in Brazil
Authors: Melo Carolina , Menezes‐Filho Naercio
Published: June 2024

This paper studies the patterns and consequences of birth timing manipulation around the carnival holiday in Brazil. We document how births are displaced around carnival and estimate the effect of displacement on birth indicators. We show that there is extensive birth timing manipulation in the form of both anticipation and postponement that results in a net increase in gestational length and reductions in neonatal and early neonatal mortality, driven by postponed births that would otherwise happen through scheduled c‐sections. We also find a reduction in birthweight for high‐risk births at the bottom of the weight distribution, driven by anticipation. Therefore, restrictions on usual delivery procedures due to the carnival holiday can be both beneficial and detrimental, raising a double‐sided issue to be addressed by policymakers.
A comparison of Mersilene tape versus braided suture in transvaginal cervical cerclage: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Xu Zhi‐Min , Lin Dan , Zhang Jun , Zheng Yi‐Jing , Liu Jing , Zhang Lin , Pan Mian
Published: June 2024

Objective

Previous studies have indicated that there is an association between cervical cerclage and type of suture material. However, it is still unclear which suture material can provide the greatest benefit to patients who have undergone cerclage. This study investigated the effect of two different suture materials (Mersilene tape vs braided suture) used for transvaginal cervical cerclage placement on maternal outcomes of women with cervical insufficiency.

Methods

In this retrospective case–control study, 170 women who underwent history‐, ultrasound‐, or physical examination‐indicated transvaginal cervical cerclage were categorized according to suture materials used for cerclage: a total of 96 received Mersilene tape and 74 received braided suture. Study participants received a transvaginal cervical cerclage before 28 weeks and were followed up until delivery to assess pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. The primary outcome was gestational age at delivery. Secondary outcomes included preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), chorioamnionitis, neonatal survival rate, and neonatal morbidity.

Results

Out of 170 eligible women, 74 (43.5%) received braided suture while 96 (56.5%) received Mersilene tape. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The group that received braided suture had a lower incidence of gestational age at delivery <37 weeks (29.2% vs 54.2%, P = 0.046), PPROM (9.5% vs 21.9%, P = 0.029) and PROM (17.6% vs 32.3%, P = 0.028) compared to the group that received Mersilene tape. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in average gestational age at delivery, the rate of gestational age at delivery <24, <28, <32, and < 34 weeks, chorioamnionitis, and neonatal survival rate, as well as neonatal morbidity.

Conclusion

Compared to Mersilene tape, the utilization of braided suture has been significantly associated with a reduction in the incidence of gestational age at delivery <37 weeks, as well as a decreased risk of PPROM and PROM. However, the use of braided sutures did not result in discernible differences in the rates of chorioamnionitis or adverse neonatal outcomes.
Genome‐wide CRISPR screening identifies the pivotal role of ANKRD42 in colorectal cancer metastasis through EMT regulation
Authors: Liu Shengde , Zhang Zizhen , Wang Zhenghang , Li Jian , Shen Lin
Published: June 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a pervasive and lethal malignancy of gastrointestinal cancer, imposes significant challenges due to the occurrence of distant metastasis in advanced stages. Understanding the intricate regulatory mechanisms driving CRC distant metastasis is of paramount importance. CRISPR‐Cas9 screening has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating tumor initiation and progression. However, its application in studying CRC distant metastasis remains largely unexplored. To establish a model that faithfully recapitulates CRC liver metastasis in patients, we developed an in vivo genome‐wide CRISPR‐Cas9 screening approach using a spleen‐injected liver metastasis mouse model. Through comprehensive screening of a whole‐genome sgRNA library, we identified ANKRD42 as a pivotal regulatory gene facilitating CRC liver metastasis. Analysis of the TCGA database and our clinical cohorts unveiled heightened ANKRD42 expression in metastases. At the cellular level, the attenuation of ANKRD42 impaired the migration and invasion processes of tumor cells. In vivo experiments further validated these observations, highlighting the diminished liver metastatic capacity of tumor cells upon ANKRD42 knockdown. To unravel the specific mechanisms by which ANKRD42 regulates CRC distant metastasis, we leveraged patient‐derived organoid (PDO) models. Depleting ANKRD42 in PDOs sourced from liver metastases precipitated the downregulation of pivotal genes linked to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), including CDH2 and SNAI2, thereby effectively suppressing tumor metastasis. This study not only establishes a conceptual framework but also identifies potential therapeutic avenues for advanced‐stage distant metastasis in CRC patients.
MiR‐3680‐3p is a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer and is involved in regulating the progression of liver cancer
Authors: Tang Jie , Li Song , Zhou Zixiao , Wang Yongqiang , Ni DeSheng , Zhou Shaobo
Published: June 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that can actively participate in post‐transcriptional regulation of genes. A number of studies have shown that miRNAs can serve as important regulators of cancer cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. They can also act as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of certain cancers. To explore the potential prognosis‐related miRNAs in liver cancer patients, to provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer, as well as to provide a new direction for the targeted therapy of liver cancer. The miRNA expression profiles of liver cancer patients in the the Cancer Genome Atlas database were comprehensively analyzed and various prognostic‐related miRNAs of liver cancer were screened out. The data was further subjected to survival analysis, prognostic analysis, gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis, microenvironment analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis by R Language version 4.2.0. Finally, the screened miRNAs were further validated by different experiments. Thus, miNRAs involved in liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis were identified. MiRNA‐3680‐3p was found to be significantly different in 10 different cancers, including liver cancer, and was significantly associated with the microenvironment, survival, and prognosis of liver cancer patients. In addition, drug sensitivity analysis revealed that miRNA‐3680‐3p can provide a useful reference for drug selection in targeted therapy for liver cancer. MiRNA‐3680‐3p can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer patients and down‐regulation of miRNA‐3680‐3p could significantly inhibit both the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells.
Neuroprotection and mechanisms of ginsenosides in nervous system diseases: Progress and perspectives
Authors: Zhou Li , Tan Feilong , Zhang Xue , Li Yanhua , Yin Wenjie
Published: June 2024

Ginsenosides are the primary component discernible from ginseng, including Rb1, Rb2, Rd, Rg1, Rg2, and compound K, and so forth. They have been shown to have multiple pharmacological activities. In recent years, more and more studies have been devoted to the neuroprotection of various ginsenosides against neurological diseases and their potential mechanisms. This paper comprehensively summarizes and reviews the neuroprotective effects of various ginsenosides on neurological diseases, especially acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and their mechanisms, as well as their potential therapeutic applications to promote neuroprotection in disease prevention, treatment, and prognosis. Briefly, ginsenosides exert effective neuroprotective effects on neurological conditions, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain/spinal cord injuries through a variety of molecular mechanisms, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐apoptotic. Among them, some signaling pathways play important roles in related processes, such as PI3K/Akt, TLR4/NF‐κB, ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3, HO‐1/Nrf2, Wnt/β‐catenin, and Ca2+ pathway. In conclusion, the present study reviews the research progress on the neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides in the last decade, with the aim of furnishing essential theoretical underpinning and effective references for further research and exploration of the multiple medicinal values of Chinese herbal medicines and their small molecule compounds, including ginseng and panax ginseng. Because there is less evidence in the existing clinical studies, future research should be focused on clinical trials in order to truly reflect the clinical value of various ginsenosides for the benefit of patients.
Validation of the German long and short versions of the UPPS‐P Impulsive Behavior Scale
Authors: Wüllhorst Verena , Lützkendorf Julia , Endrass Tanja
Published: June 2024

Objective

The UPPS‐P Impulsive Behavior Scale is a widely used self‐report measure of impulsivity, but there is currently no validated German version that includes the Positive Urgency scale.

Methods

We combined existing German translations of UPPS scales and included the Positive Urgency dimension to validate the UPPS‐P in a sample of 399 participants. In addition, we developed a revised short version of the UPPS‐P (SUPPS‐P) with 20 items and conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify the structure in an independent validation sample with 349 participants. To determine evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, we used measures of impulsivity, depression, anxiety, stress, problematic alcohol and substance use.

Results

CFA of the five factorial structure of the UPPS‐P demonstrated acceptable fits and evidence of validity and reliability for the subscales. Psychometric characteristics of the SUPPS‐P using the original item configuration were not satisfactory. As a result, we developed a revised German version of the SUPPS‐P and confirmed the five‐factor structure using a CFA in the validation sample. For the revised version, model fits and evidence of validity and internal consistencies were good. Associations with other constructs were as expected. For example, whereas Sensation Seeking was associated moderately with problematic alcohol use, lacking associations of Lack of Premeditation to internalizing symptoms showed evidence of discriminant validity.

Discussion

The German translations of both UPPS‐P and SUPPS‐P are valid tools for measuring impulsive behaviors. They are well‐suited for exploring the associations between different facets of impulsivity and psychopathological phenomena.
Moving to a new normal: Analysis of shifting climate normals in New Zealand
Authors: Srinivasan Raghav , Carey‐Smith Trevor , Wang Linda , Harper Andrew , Dean Sam , Macara Gregor , Wang Ruotong , Stuart Stephen
Published: June 2024

New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research publishes climate normals for New Zealand that are used for reporting the regional state of the climate, climate extremes and variability. Temperature and precipitation patterns are affected by both anthropogenic climate change and natural climate variability which in turn affect the climatological normal values calculated every decade. This study investigates how New Zealand's normals for temperature and precipitation have shifted over time at the national, regional and seasonal scales from the 1941–1970 period to the 1991–2020 period. Contrary to WMO recommendations, but aligned with many other countries, New Zealand's climate normals have traditionally not undergone homogenisation. The impact of introducing some homogenisation in the latest 1991–2020 normals, in contrast to historical non‐homogenized station normals, has been assessed using a new homogenized “Seventeen‐Station” temperature series from 1941 to 2020. We demonstrate that interpolating sparse non‐homogenized normals spatially to a grid can produce significant erroneous patterns and therefore undermine the accuracy of the conclusions drawn when using such normals. We find that the historical non‐homogenized temperature normals have a consistent negative bias in the long‐term trend at national, regional and seasonal scales. Our analysis of homogeneity tested precipitation showed consistent decreases at a national scale across all normal periods relative to the 1951–1980 precipitation normal. We also highlight how fixed period temperature and precipitation normals do not fully reflect the current state of a climate that is influenced by decadal variability and global warming. To derive normals fit for use in a changing climate it is suggested that automated methods for broad data homogenisation be developed along with alternative methods to derive normals that account for a non‐stationary climate.
Steam explosion‐assisted grinding improves the functional properties and antioxidant activity of Java tea‐leaf powders (Clerodendranthus spicatus)
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Shuqin , Wang Yajie , Zhang Min , Chen Haixia
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Java tea is widely consumed and has multiple health effects. This study established a steam explosion (SE) pretreatment method to prepare Java tea‐leaf powders. The physicochemical, functional properties, phenolic extraction, and antioxidant activity of Java tea‐leaf powders produced by simple and SE‐assisted milling methods were investigated.

RESULTS

In comparison with simple milling, SE pretreatment broke the cell wall effectively and reduced the particle size of Java tea‐leaf powders. Steam explosion‐treated powders showed higher values for sensory signals, bulk and tap density, and for the water solubility index. After SE treatment, the adsorption capacities to glucose, soybean oil, and cholesterol of leaf powders were increased by up to 55, 95, and 80% respectively. The extracts from SE‐treated powders also showed higher total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity.

CONCLUSION

Steam explosion treatment is helpful for the improvement of functional properties and antioxidant activity, which can benefit the development and application of Java tea‐leaf powders. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.