bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АНАЛИЗА СТАЊА ИНФОРМАТИЧКЕ ПИСМЕНОСТИ У ОСНОВНИМ И СРЕДЊИМ ШКОЛАМА СА ОПШТИНЕ БРАТУНАЦ
Authors: Митровић Игор , Тешић Елена
Published: September 2023

Истраживање које је спроведено за потребе рада има- ло је за циљ приказивање анализе стања информатичке писмености у основним и средњим школама на подручју општине Братунац. Данас је од велике важности да сви људу буду информатички описмењени, јер је информатика област која је заузела значајно мјесто у свим гра- нама друштва, а нарочито је то важно у области образовања. На- ставник у основној и средњој школи мора да посједује добро знање из информатике, како би помогао ученицима у савладавању наставног градива и рјешавању одређених задатака. Ученици уче како да пра- вилно рукују рачунаром и да уз помоћ наставника рјешавају задатке из одређених области, на основу чега је спроведена анкета која је имала за циљ да испита колико су и да ли су ученици и наставници ин- форматички писмени. На крају рада, приказани су резултати анкете, односно спроведеног истраживања.
Folklore and folklorism in the cultural aspect
Authors: Gutsalenko Ol'ga Valer'evna
Published: September 2023

The subject of the study is the concepts of "folklore" and "folklorism". The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of these concepts in culture. Folklore and folklorism are two concepts that are closely related to each other, but at the same time have their essential differences. Folklore is folk art, transmitted from generation to generation by oral or other means. It is a reflection of the cultural and spiritual life of the people, their beliefs, customs and traditions. While folklorism is the use of folklore elements in the creation of new works of art or culture. However, it should be noted that the distinction between these two concepts can be quite elusive. Some researchers argue that all statements of any author are the result of a combination of folklore elements and the author's personal style. Thus, it can be argued that every work contains both elements of folklore and elements of the author's personality. Comparisons are made in order to consider similarities and differences of terminological features of these concepts. Scientific methods of research are: cultural-historical, descriptive, and comparative analysis. This topic is relevant and understudied in culture, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the work. The article for the first time considers the term "folklorism" in comparison with the term "folklore". The vagueness and instability of the term "folklorism" was the reason why researchers rarely used it. Having considered various points of view, it should be concluded that folklorism, on a par with folklore culture, permeates many aspects of ethnic life, being not only a symbol of traditional culture, but also a means of promoting and preserving the national spirit of the people. In addition, such a study can be useful for the further development of folk culture and preservation of its values.
Psychosocial Impact, Perceived Stress Levels and their Learning Effect among the Undergraduate Dental Students during the Transition from Preclinicals to Clinicals: A Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Swetha Paspuleti , Yasaswi Ponukupati , Ramesh KSV , Manyam Ravikanth , Sruthima NVSG
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Dentistry is known as the most challenging and stressful profession. Dental education enhances students’ ability to provide high-caliber work in the clinical field. To fulfill this criterion, students are required to develop professional conduct, competencies, and psychological and cognitive abilities in due course of time. The shift from preclinical to clinical is considered one of the most crucial stages for dental undergraduates. During this period, individuals often experience unique emotional and social challenges, leading to stress, anxiety, and depression. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the perceived stress levels, psychosocial impacts, as well as depression and anxiety levels among dental undergraduates during their transition from preclinical (2nd year) to clinical (3rd year) practice. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnairebased study was conducted among second and third-year dental undergraduates from different dental colleges in South India from February 2022 to June 2022. Two questionnaires, the Dental Environmental Stress (DES) scale (25 items) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) (21 items), were utilised to measure stress, depression, and anxiety levels. The questionnaire was designed using Google Forms and distributed via WhatsApp. The snowball sampling technique was used, and data from 489 self-selected participants were collected and sent for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics (mean, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]) were used to identify major stressors and their perceived magnitude. The responses were recorded on a 4-point Likert scale. Results: This study included a total population of 489 participants, with 360 (73.6%) females and 129 (26.3%) males, respectively. According to the DES results, the educational environment and clinical domain were the most stressed domains, with mean values of 1.7859±0.47929 and 1.7639±0.43729, respectively. The top five stressors identified were lack of relaxation time, fear of failure, financial burden, assigned work, and examinations/ grades. The DASS results revealed the highest prevalence of stress (15.22±5.92), followed by anxiety (13.39±6.01) and depression (12.60±8.66). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that dental undergraduates experience higher levels of perceived stress, psychosocial effects, depression, and anxiety during the transition from preclinical (2nd year) to clinical (3rd year) practice. Structured student support systems, such as counselling programmes and effective communication skills, can help create an environment that reduces stress and enhances student well-being.
Management of Accidental Chin Staining Following Silver Diamine Fluoride Application in a 24-Month-Old Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Lodha Vipul Chandraprakash , Mistry Laresh N
Published: September 2023

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is a clear liquid that combines the remineralising effects of fluoride with the antibacterial effects of silver. It is a promising therapeutic agent for managing carious lesions in young children and those with special care needs. However, a major complication of SDF is black staining of the skin, mucosa, lips, tongue, and cheeks if improperly applied. This case report presents a complication following SDF application and its management. A 24-month-old girl presented with decayed teeth in the upper back tooth region of the jaw, and SDF application was performed on tooth no. 54 and 64. However, due to the child’s extremely negative behavior and movement during the application of SDF, staining occurred on the chin and lower lip a few hours later. Watchful observation, patient reassurance, and follow-up led to adequate patient management.
KÖROĞLU DESTANI’NIN KAZAK VERSİYONUNDA CADININ FİZİKSEL İMAJINA AİT BİR UNSUR: KULAK
Authors: DEMİRCİ Elif Şebnem
Published: September 2023

Kazak Türkleri zengin bir destan geleneğine sahiptir. Köroğlu Kazak anlatmaları da bu destan geleneği içerisinde Kazak halkının kültürel zenginliklerini yansıtmaktadır. Sözlü kültür ürünleri içerisinde yer alan demonik varlıklar, anlatıyı canlı tutar. Bu demonik varlıklardan biri olan cadı, tasvir edilen fiziksel özellikleri ile farklı kültürler içerisinde benzerlik göstermektedir. Kötülüğün karşılığı olarak düşünülen, her daim korkunç bulunan cadı, destanda başı sıkışınca yardım istenilen bir varlık olarak karşımıza çıkar. Destanda cadı, rüya yorumlatılıp ayrıca kürek kemikleriyle fal baktırılmasıyla ilk başvurulan varlık olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Köroğlu Destanı’nın Kazak versiyonunda cadının fiziksel özelliklerinden biri olan normalden farklı tasvir edilmiş kulağı ve bu özelliğin cadının karşı taraftan üstünlüğünün göstergesi olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur.
TÜRKÇEDE ÇIKARIM: VESÎLETÜ’N- NECÂT ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YIKMIŞ Sezergül
Published: September 2023

Alıcının mesajı anlamlandırma aşamasında geçirdiği bilişsel süreci içine alan çıkarım, vericinin kastettiklerini anlatma gücü ile alıcının asıl iletiden kopmadan yüzey yapıdaki kodları okuyabilme becerisinin bütünüdür. İletinin her alıcıda aynı anlama sahip olmaması, vericiye göre ifade gücünün değişmesi, çarpıcı anlatımın sağlanamaması gibi unsurlar çıkarım sonucunu etkiler. Çıkarımların hem biçimbirimsel hem de sözcükbirimsel işaretleyicileri olduğu gibi bunların da ötesinde tümce üstü birimlerin, art alan bilgisinin, alıcının ve vericinin dünya görüşünün de çıkarımı etkilediğini görülmüştür. Çıkarım tümcelerinin görünümünü incelemek adına çalışmamızda araştırma alanı olarak Süleyman Çelebi’nin “Vesîletü’n-Necât” adlı eserinde yer alan Hz. Peygamber’in doğumu ve doğumdan sonra gerçekleşen olayların anlatıldığı bölüm seçildi. Kuramsal alan ve çıkarım tasnifleri ile ilgili genel bilgiler verildikten sonra çözümlemede kullanılacak çıkarım tasnifi hakkında bilgi verildi. Çıkarım tümcelerinin görünümü beyitlerdeki anlam bütünlüğü dikkate alınarak metin çözümlemesi yoluyla tespit edildi. Tümceler bağlamdan bağımsız ele alınmadı ve tümcelerden elde edilen verilerden hareketle çıkarım tümcelerinin mevcut metindeki sistematiği üzerinde duruldu.
YUSUF HAS HACİB VE EDİP AHMET YÜKNEKİ’NİN AHLAK ANLAYIŞLARINDA RASYONALİST TEMELLER
Authors: ÇALIK Erdoğan Serdar
Published: September 2023

Bu makalede geçiş dönemi olarak da adlandırılan Karahanlı Türkçesi yazılı ürünlerinde Türk ahlak anlayışının dayandığı rasyonalist temellerin kuşaklar arasında nasıl aktarıldığı sorunu incelenmiştir. İfade edilen amaca yönelik olarak ahlak anlayışını en iyi yansıtan iki geçiş dönemi eseri, Kutadgu Bilig ve Atabetü’l-Hakayık, çalışmanın temel materyali olarak tercih edilmiştir. Bir giriş ve iki ana başlıktan oluşan makalenin girişinde ahlakın tanımı yapılmış, ahlak felsefesine incelediği konular ana hatlarıyla ifade edilmiş ve ahlak anlayışlarının dayandığı temeller açısından rasyonalist bakış açısı izah edilmiştir. Eski Türklerdeki ahlak anlayışına kısaca değinilerek Karahanlı Türkçesi yazılı ürünlerinde akıl ve bilgi temelli eski ahlak anlayışının izlerine geçiş yapılmıştır. Makalenin birinci bölümünde Kutadgu Bilig’de akıl, bilgi aracılığıyla en yüce değer olan erdeme ulaşmayı sağlayacak öğütler ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise birçok noktada Kutadgu Bilig’in benzeri ve aynı normatif geleneğin devamı olan Atabetü’l-Hakayık örneğinde yukarıda ifade edilen çerçevedeki öğütler incelenmiştir. Sonuçta çıkış noktaları aynı olan iki eserin ahlak anlayışındaki farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
MAKSADÎ’NİN KANİJE KALESİ FETİHNÂMESİ
Authors: YEŞİLBAĞ Semih
Published: September 2023

Haberleşme imkânlarının günümüzdeki kadar gelişmediği eski devirlerde fethin ülke içinde ve dışında duyurulması gerekli görülmüştür. Bu amaçla özellikle İslâm beldelerine katılmış yeni yerlerin ilanı için fetihnâmeler yazılmış, çeşitli yerlere gönderilmiştir. Bu eserler, padişahların fethedilen yerleri haber veren ferman ve mektupları dışında fetihten bahseden edebî bir türü karşılamak için de kullanılmıştır. Edebiyatımızda sanatçılar, fethedilen yerler münasebetiyle bu türde pek çok eser kaleme almışlardır.

Eldeki bilgiler ışığında 16. yüzyılda Balkan coğrafyasında yaşadığı anlaşılan Maksadî de Kanije Kalesi’nin 1600 yılında Osmanlı Devleti topraklarına katılması vesilesiyle fetihnâme türünde bir kaside yazmıştır.

Bu makalede fetih, fethiyye ve fetihnâme terimleri açıklanmış, Kanije ve Kanije Kalesi’nin fethi hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, kasidenin müellifi olan Maksadî tanıtılmış, kasidenin şekil özellikleri, muhtevası üzerinde durulmuş ve kasidedeki bilgiler ile tarihî kaynaklardaki bilgilerin mukayesesi kasideden alınan beyitlerin delaletiyle yapılmıştır. Eserin çeviri yazılı metni ve orijinal sayfaları da çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir.

Bu çalışma ile daha çok Tiryâkî Hasan Paşa’nın 1601’deki destansı müdafaası ile bilinen Kanije’nin Sadrazam Damad İbrahim Paşa (ö. 1010/1601) tarafından gerçekleştirilen fethinin de önemli olduğu, Hasan Beyzâde Ahmed Paşa tarafından yazılmış mensur eserin Kanije fethi için yazılmış tek fetihnâme olmadığı, tarihî bir olayı konu alan şiirlerde tarih ile edebiyatın birbirini tamamlayıcı olduğu dikkate sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
A THEMATOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THE DOMINANT FEMALE FIGURES IN EURIPIDES’ MEDEA, WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S MACBETH AND ÖZEN YULA’S UNOFFICIAL ROXELANA
Authors: ÖZSERT Seher
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a thematological comparison to the portrayal of powerful woman characters in Euripides’s Medea, William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, and Özen Yula’s Unofficial Roxelana. The feminist analysis of the three plays indicates that women are portrayed as always seeking power, control, and recognition. Their desire for power is tested by patriarchy on several trials and tribulations. Even though the three female characters belong to different cultures and times, they share common themes of patriarchal oppression, desperate desires for power and recognition. The three women are observed to deviate from expected gender roles by exhibiting unconventional manlike behaviours according to the patriarchal framework. The feminist criticism reveals the motivations behind their deviation from their culturally constructed gender roles. Through the thematological analysis, as a subfield of comparative literature, the selected texts are compared in their relation to each other in terms of their unique themes by the help of feminist criticism.
TÜRKÇENİN YABANCI DİL OLARAK ÖĞRETİMİNDE İLETİŞİMSEL YAKLAŞIM TEMELLİ ETKİNLİKLERİN KONUŞMA BECERİSİNDE KULLANIMINA DAİR ÖĞRENCİ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: KAYA İlayda
Published: September 2023

İletişimsel yaklaşım, 1970’li yıllarda ortaya çıkan ve günümüzde başta İngilizce olmak üzere birçok dilin öğretiminde temel alınan bir dil öğretim perspektifidir. Bu çalışmada Türkçeyi ikinci dil olarak öğrenen öğrencilerin konuşma becerisini geliştirmeye odaklanılarak iletişimsel yaklaşım çerçevesinde uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Bu uygulamalarda öğrencilerin bireysel, ikili ya da grup olarak katıldıkları oyun, yarışma, doğaçlama, drama, bilgi boşluğu, göreve dayalı aktiviteler, tartışma ve münazara gibi etkinliklere yer verilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden eylem araştırması deseniyle yürütülen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Erciyes Üniversitesi Kaşgarlı Mahmut Türkçe Öğretim Merkezinde (ERÜ TÖMER) araştırmacıdan ders alan 17 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. A1- A2 seviyelerinde yürütülen araştırmada derslerin işlenişine paralel şekilde hazırlanmış 14 iletişimsel konuşma etkinliği 11 hafta içerisinde uygulanmıştır. Etkinliklerin bitiminde öğrencilerin uygulamalar hakkındaki görüşlerini almak için görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuç olarak iletişimsel yaklaşım çerçevesinde geliştirilen konuşma etkinliklerinin teorik bilgileri uygulama fırsatı verdiği ve kalıcılığı arttırdığı, öğrencilerin konuşma kaygılarını azaltarak günlük yaşamda iletişim kurmalarına katkı sağladığı, eğlenceli bir sınıf ortamı oluşturarak dersleri tekdüzelikten kurtardığı ve öğrenciler arasındaki iletişim ve iş birliğini arttırarak olumlu sınıf kültürü oluşmasında etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Etkinlikler sırasında gürültülü bir ortam olması ve bazı öğrencilerin yeteri kadar çalışmalara katkı sağlamaması etkinliklerin olumsuz yönleri olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN AKADEMİK İYİMSERLİKLERİ VE MESLEKİ ÖZ YETERLİK ALGILARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ*
Authors: KURUM Merve , İNCE Murat , EKER Cevat
Published: September 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin akademik iyimserlikleri ile mesleki öz yeterlik algıları arasındaki ilişkinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre (cinsiyet, yaş, mesleki kıdem) incelemektir. Çalışma korelasyonel (ilişkisel) tarama ve nedensel karşılaştırma araştırmasıdır. Araştırma, 2021-2022 Eğitim Öğretim yılında Ankara-Etimesgut ilçesinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı resmi ilköğretim kurumlarındaki 374 sınıf öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgiler Formu”, “Akademik İyimserlik Ölçeği”, “Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, bağımsız gruplar t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, korelasyon ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Akademik iyimserlik ve mesleki öz yeterlik puan ortalamalarında cinsiyet, yaş, mesleki kıdeme göre anlamlı farklılık görülmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Akademik iyimserlik düzeyleri ile mesleki öz yeterlik algıları arasında pozitif, orta düzeyde, anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Akademik iyimserlik puanlarının mesleki öz yeterlik puanlarının %21’ini etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Akademik iyimserlik ve mesleki öz yeterlik algılarının gelişmesi, farklılıkların en aza indirilmesi için bilgi, beceri ve mesleki deneyimlerini paylaşabilecekleri projelerin hayata geçirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Attitudes on ICT Integration among SPAMAST Instructors in the New Normal
Authors: Salandron Rolando Jr. L. , Razonable Melanie C. , Franca Glenford C.
Published: September 2023

The study of attitudes on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration in the new normal was conducted at Southern Philippines Agri- Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology. Descriptive-research design was employed and a total enumeration of the respondents was used. Data were gathered with the used of adopted survey questionnaire and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using percentage, mean and frequency count.

The result of the analysis revealed that most of the respondents are female. Moreover, the SPAMAST instructors had very high positive attitudes of integrating ICT in teaching. Therefore, they are willing to learn more about effective ICT integration approaches to teaching and learning. With regards to obstacles faced by the teachers, it was revealed that a minimal obstacles faced by the teachers after incorporating it in teaching. The effort when integrating ICT tools in teaching, network connectivity, ICT tools are changing too fast to be up -to date and students lack of ICT skills were the obstacles faced by the teachers in integrating ICT in teaching.
Effect of Different Feeding Rates on Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758) Fingerlings Reared in Rectangular Hapas
Authors: Islam Md. Ariful , Mely Shayla Sultana , Alam Md. Shahin , Rahman Md. Hashibur
Published: September 2023

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of feeding ration on the growth and survival of Oreochromis niloticus. Three experimental hapas (T1, T2 and T3) were studied for a total of 8 weeks. The hapas had a rectangular shape and the same size (0.0725 decimal). In each of the three experimental conditions, 420 fish/decimal were stocked. The fish were fed 8% of their body weight in T2 and 12% of their body weight in T3. In T1, the fish were reliant on food that occurred naturally in their environment. In T2 and T3, fishes were fed twice daily. The proximate composition of the experimental diet was as follows: 11% water, 30% protein, 6% fat, 10% ash, and 7% fiber. Throughout the trial period, it was determined that the range of water quality parameters (water temperature 28-32°C, dissolved oxygen 5.6-7.8 mg/l, and water pH 7.5-8.6) were suitable for Tilapia culture. The initial mean weight of Tilapia fry in each of the three treatments was 3g, and their final mean weight gain was 6.8±4.77 g for T1, 9.88±5.76 g for T2 and 19.2±9.9 g for T3, respectively. The average initial length for the three treatments was 5 cm, and the average final length gain was 8.2±6.15 cm, 9.86±7.36 cm, and 12.2±8.23 cm for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The T3 group, which was fed at a rate of 12% of body weight, attained the highest length and weight, whereas the T1 group, with no supplemental nutrition revealed the least gain in terms of length and weight.
Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Immunoglobulins G and M among Frontline Health Workers in Eleme Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Gillis-Harry Sotonye L. , Echonwere-Uwikor Beauty E. , Eze Evelyn M.
Published: September 2023

Background: The fight against Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) globally among front line health workers has been a challenging task, it encompasses working lengthy hours at the isolation Centre’s, intensive care units, emergency departments and molecular laboratories, and also been exposed to pathogens, fatigue, and psychological distress. This has led to high morbidity and mortality rate among front line health workers all over the globe.

Aim: This study aimed at determining the distribution of SARS CoV -2 IgG and IgM among frontline health workers in Eleme Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:  A total of 100 frontline Covid-19 health workers were recruited for this study comprising 48 males and 52 females with ages between 23 and 49 years and included janitors, hygienist, nurses, data Officers, logistics and ambulance drivers, physicians, and medical laboratory scientists, working at the molecular laboratories, sample collection booths and isolation center. The bio-data of the subjects were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Only subjects who gave informed consent were recruited for this study. 60ul of capillary blood was collected from each participant using an aseptic technique and immediately followed by the analysis of SAR-CoV-2 IgM and IgG using a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay technique.

Results: Results from this study showed a total of forty-two (42) 42% subjects were reactive to IgG antibodies while fifty-eight (58) 58% subjects were non-reactive to IgG antibodies also a total of Twenty-One (21) 21% subject were reactive to IgM antibodies while a total of seventy-nine (79) 79% subjects were none reactive to IgM antibodies. A total of nine (9) subjects who were exposed to SAR-CoV-2 for more than one year were reactive to SAR-Cov-2 IgM and IgG antibodies, while a total of two (2) subjects who were exposed to SAR-CoV-2 for less than one year were reactive to SAR-Cov-2 IgM and IgG antibodies and the difference (p ₌ 0.013) was statistically significant. Also, a higher number of subjects within the 20-29 age bracket were reactive to SAR-CoV-2 IgM antibodies while subjects with in the age bracket of 30-39 were more reactive to IgG antibodies.

Conclusion: This study reveals that serological testing is an ideal approach in assessing the proportion of frontline health workers who might have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 as part of effort in combating COVID-19 disease globally.
Micro-plastics in Aquatic Environment: Source, Fate, Emerging Threats, and Regulatory Effort
Authors: Kamau Moses , Tole Mwakio , Timamy Mohamed K.
Published: September 2023

Presences of plastics in aquatic environment, and their possible cascading along the food chain are an environmental concern. To understand the current setup in plastics pollution, we submit the evolution of the plastics industry, the production process, and the magnitude of plastics produced and plastic waste generated. In the second section, we give an over view of sources of micro plastics in aquatic environment including; domestic, leisure, aquaculture, maritime activities and horticulture. Thirdly, we address the behavior and distributions of micro plastics in aquatics system (rivers, estuaries, lakes and ocean) and their matrixes (surfaces, water column, and sediments). In fourth section, we raise the insidious natures of micro plastics pollutions, as a threat to life, and, in the fifth section we identify the developments in policies that targets to mitigate plastic pollution.
Role of Small RNAs in Plant Immunity
Authors: Prashanth Kumar A.  , Shahanaz
Published: September 2023

Small RNAs play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, operating at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional stages. These molecules have the ability to initiate target destruction or block translation. The activation of plant immunity is frequently associated with the increased expression of growth-regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) following the detection of pathogens. Additionally, conserved miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating auxin signaling. Plants are capable of generating two distinct categories of short RNA molecules, namely microRNAs and small interfering RNAs. Three highly prevalent miRNA families induce the generation of secondary siRNAs from 74 out of the 79 NLR transcripts that produce siRNAs. This phenomenon highlights the appeal of employing secondary siRNA-mediated control as a viable technique. Two microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from plants have been found to target virulence genes in the fungal disease Verticillium dahliae. Additionally, it has been observed that secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can increase plant protection by facilitating host-induced gene silence. TasiRNAs have been observed to exhibit enhanced mobility and resilience in the context of non-cell-autonomous silencing. The production and function of short RNAs in fungal and oomycete infections have been minimally investigated. Verticillium dahliae, has been seen to make small RNAs (sRNAs) that range in size from 18 to 25 nucleotides (nt) without a preference for one size over the other. Additionally, a specific microRNA (miRNA) known as VdmilR1, measuring 21 nt in length, has been thoroughly studied and its functional characteristics have been elucidated. Phytophthora species, which are filamentous eukaryotic microbes, have been found to inflict substantial economic losses in the fields of agriculture and forestry. RNA interference (RNAi) has the potential to regulate the expression of neighboring effector genes by inducing the creation of heterochromatin. In plants, the movement of small RNAs has been observed both locally and across extended distances. These small RNAs have the potential to enhance plant defense mechanisms against nonviral diseases by acting as systemic signaling molecules. The domain of sRNAs in plant-pathogen/parasite interactions has experienced significant advancements; nonetheless, numerous obstacles remain in the realm of trans-species gene silencing that require more investigation.
Point of Zero Charge of Soils - It’s Dynamics under Fertilizer Management Practices and Nutrient Availability
Authors: Parija Subhra , Das Kulendra Nath , Sarkar Meghna
Published: September 2023

Aims: To study the dynamics of point of zero charge of different soil types and determine the availability of nutrients under the influence of specific fertilizer management practices.

Study Design:  Completely Randomized Design.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Soil Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam; between March 2020 and December 2021.

Methodology: We estimated the point of zero charge (PZC) components, i.e., the point of zero salt effect (PZSE) and point of zero net charge (PZNC) in six surface soil samples [black soil (Vertisol), laterite soil (Alfisol), red soil (Alfisol) of Odisha, and alluvial soils belonging to Entisol, Inceptisol, and Alfisol of Assam, India] through potentiometric titration and ion retention methods respectively. The soils were subjected to four specific fertilizer management practices under laboratory incubation, viz., FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (T1), NPK @ 80:40:40 for Odisha soils and 60:20:40 for Assam soils (T2), T1 + T2 (T3) and T3 + Lime requirement/ Gypsum requirement (T4). The PZC components and availability of nutrients were determined at 15 and 30 days after incubation.

Results: The PZSE values of the soils ranged from 2.18 to 4.70, while PZNC values were achieved at relatively lower pH ranging from 2.03 to 4.10. Highest values of PZSE and PZNC were recorded under treatment T2 followed by T3, T4 and T1 for all the incubated soil samples, however there was a decrease in the PZC values with increase in days of incubation. Comparatively, the treatment T4 resulted as the most ideal fertilizer management practice. Besides providing optimum amount of primary and maximum amount of secondary nutrients, T4 regulated the PZC values favouring minimal loss of nutrients and enhanced nutrient use efficiency. The availability of nutrient ions is influenced by the difference between soil solution pH and PZC values of the soil, which recorded to be highest for Vertisol (OS1), followed by Entisol (AS1), Inceptisol (AS2), and Alfisol (AS3, OS2, OS3) soil orders.

Conclusion: The exchange and availability of cationic nutrients get enhanced due to higher CEC in soils with high clay and organic matter percentage. The pH of these soils must therefore be regulated for better availability of anionic nutrients. Highly weathered soil of Alfisol order exhibit optimal CEC over a narrow pH range, favouring better availability of anionic nutrients and hence simultaneously require frequent fertilizer application along with organic manures for the enhanced retention, mobility and availability of nutrients in soil.
Media Programmes on Domestic Violence against Men (DVAM) in Owerri Metropolis: A KAP Analysis
Authors: Chima Onyebuchi, Alexander , Nzube Alaekwe, Kizito , Umoren Philomena Effiong , Fatima Emetumah, I. , Williams Etumnu, Emeka
Published: September 2023

Background: DVAM can pose a great threat to the development of the victim, society, and the nation. This necessitated the investigation of the knowledge, attitude, and practice of men in Owerri metropolis towards media programmes on DVAM. This study hinged on agenda setting and social learning theories.

Methods: The survey research design was used as the research method, and a sample size of 384 was derived using the Australian sample size online calculator from the projected population of 275,340. Multi-stage, simple random, and purposive sampling techniques were adopted to reach out to respondents. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.

Results: The paper revealed that the level of exposure of men in Owerri metropolis to media programmes on DVAM is low at 33.9%, with a high knowledge level on DVAM at an average mean of 3.3 (N=375). The study also revealed that the respondents perceive DVAM as a menace that results in a reduction of a man’s self-confidence and self-esteem and leads to disharmony, distrust, and untimely death at an average mean of 3.5 (N = 375). It was further revealed that media programmes on DVAM have induced attitudinal change in the respondents at an average mean of 2.9 (N =375).

Conclusion: The researchers concluded that domestic violence victims go through emotional and psychological traumas with little attention given to them in the media. The propagation and promotion of well-designed and content-rich media programmes on DVAM and/or gender-based violence by every media organisation as a compulsory law from the National Broadcasting Commission was recommended.
A biopolítica e as mortes de mulheres trans no Brasil
Authors: Feltrin Fabio , Grubba Leilane
Published: September 2023

Este artigo tempo como objetivo analisar as mortes das mulheres trans no Brasil à luz da noção de biopolítica cunhada por Michel Foucault. Além do elevado número de assassinatos, as mortes carregam a marca de um espetáculo de ódio e agressividade intensos. Como hipótese, pretende-se sustentar quer os efeitos da biopolítica sobre os corpos produzem não apenas os papéis e as hierarquias de gênero, como também produzem a abjeção daqueles corpos dissidentes e que escapam ao binarismo. Essa posição no ordenamento social e da verdade, parece jogar estes corpos para às margens tornando-os precários e passíveis de morte.
Alianças entre coletivos LGBTQIA+
Authors: Barboza da Silva Dagualberto , Pereira Barros João Paulo , De Souza Benicio Luis Fernando , De Araújo Gomes Carla Jéssica , Bertini Lúcia Maria
Published: September 2023

Objetiva-se investigar a articulação de três coletivos LGBTQIA+ de Fortaleza na produção de re-existências frente aos processos de precarização da vida. Toma-se como ponto de partida a criação da EntreColetivos, rede que tem por intuito fortalecer os atos político-culturais desses coletivos. A pesquisa-intervenção foi a metodologia utilizada. Dialoga-se com estudos da Psicologia Social que têm se voltado às temáticas das violências, tecendo diálogos com autores pós-estruturalistas, como Deleuze, Guattari e Butler, e críticos à colonialidade, como Mbembe e Achinte. Na seção de resultados, destacam-se: 1) a invenção e as ações da EntreColetivos no debate sobre Estado, processos de vulnerabilização e produção do comum entre juventudes LGBTQIA+ de periferias; 2) a realização de sarau como criação de re-existências LGBTQIA+ frente a dinâmicas necropolíticas.
O direito à Reparação Integral na bacia do Rio Paraopeba
Authors: Alvarenga de Castro Ana , Rodrigues Conceição Caena , Oliveira Jéssica Cristina Alvaro de , Carlos Vieira Lídia
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo propõe um debate crítico sobre o acesso à Reparação Integral em casos de crimes-desastres de grandes proporções. Quatro autoras se valem do pensamento situado para analisar o modelo posto de reparação ao crime do rompimento da barragem da Vale S.A. em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, ocorrido em 25 de janeiro de 2019. Realizamos a tarefa através das lentes interseccionais do feminismo negro, do racismo ambiental, de território e territorialidade e dos feminismos decolonial e comunitário para entender de que maneira a matriz de dominação interseccional ingere na participação e acesso a direitos das camadas mais precarizadas das populações atingidas. Concluem que o modelo racista e cis-heteropatriarcal de mineração/desenvolvimento que gera danos e perdas vinculadas à transversalidade das opressões históricas, considerando a interseccionalidade das identidades, dos marcadores sociais e corporais, interfere no processo de reparação. Por isso, a Reparação Integral precisaria estar mais atrelada à compreensão das especificidades dos diferentes segmentos sociais atingidos no acesso aos seus direitos.
ENTREVISTA: Virginie Despentes e Itziar Ziga
Authors: Ziga Itziar
Published: September 2023

Tradução de entrevista inédita de Virginie Despentes a Itziar Ziga.
ENTREVISTA: “Uma posição lesbofeminista, antirracista, anticapitalista, antimilitarista. A isso chamamos feminismo decolonial”
Authors: Rabello Alves Camila Nobrega
Published: September 2023

A busca pela gestão coletiva dos meios produção, publicação, circulação e compartilhamentos múltiplos de conhecimento foi um dos principais assuntos que abordamos na entrevista com a ativista e pensadora afro-caribenha Ochy Curiel Pichardo.
PEPFAR Reauthorization by Congress Urgent for Global Health
Authors: Gandhi Monica , Goosby Eric
Published: September 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of the US Congress reauthorizing funding for the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, a program developed in 2003 that has played a critical role in fighting HIV/AIDS worldwide as well as other emerging infections and noncommunicable diseases.
Growing Up in an Era of Storms and Stress—Promoting Hope Among Adolescents in the Face of Climate Change
Authors: Stafford Allison McCord , Walton AnnMarie L. , Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa M.
Published: September 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses climate change efforts to promote hope among adolescents.
Pilot Trial Characteristics, Postpilot Design Modifications, and Feasibility of Full-Scale Trials
Authors: Ying Xiangji , Ehrhardt Stephan
Published: September 2023

Importance

Pilot trials often lead to study design changes in subsequent full-scale trials. Yet, it remains unclear whether these modifications improve the feasibility of the larger trial.

Objective

To compare feasibility estimates between pilot and full-scale trials and identify pilot trial characteristics and modifications associated with equivalent or improved feasibility in the full-scale trial.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used pilot trials published between January 2005 and December 2018 and their corresponding full-scale trials. PubMed was searched for trials on February 19, 2022.

Exposures

Pilot trial characteristics and postpilot trial design modifications.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome of interest was difference in 3 feasibility parameters: successful screening probability, enrollment rate, and retention probability. These metrics were defined as equivalent or improved if the full-scale trial’s estimate was within or exceeding 10% of the pilot trial’s estimate.

Results

A total of 249 pairs of pilot and full-scale trials were analyzed, with 43%, 77%, and 82% of full-scale trials having equivalent or improved successful screening probabilities, enrollment rates, and retention probabilities, respectively. When pilot trials used feasibility progression criteria (relative risk [RR], 1.94; 95% CI, 1.02-5.97) and maintained masking for participants (RR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.04-4.33) or health care practitioners (RR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.03-3.97) consistent with the full-scale trial, the likelihood of achieving equivalent or improved screening success in full-scale trials increased. Increasing study sites after the pilot was associated with higher likelihood of equivalent or improved enrollment rates (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08). Adding extra content to the intervention (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.66-0.98), changing to active control (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.48-0.99), administrating the control treatment more frequently (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.29-0.93), different follow-up lengths (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97), and more follow-up visits (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75-0.98) were associated with lower likelihood of equivalent or improved retention probability in the full-scale trial.

Conclusions and relevance

In this cohort study of pilot and full-scale trial pairs, pilot trial characteristics and postpilot modifications had varying associations with full-scale trial’s feasibility. If full-scale trials planned for masking, it was desirable to use it in the pilot. Modifications increasing participant burden might decrease full-scale trial feasibility. Trialists and funders should consider both pilot trial data and proposed design changes when assessing full-scale trials.
AAPM Medical physics practice guideline 15.A: Peer review in clinical physics
Authors: Halvorsen Per H. , Baydush Alan H. , Buckey Courtney R. , Hariharan Navneeth , Keenan Mary A. , Limmer Jeffrey P. , Lofton Kate E. , Miller Robin A. , Moirano Jeffrey M. , Och Joseph , Pfeiffer Douglas E.
Published: September 2023

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a nonprofit professional society whose primary purposes are to advance the science, education, and professional practice of medical physics. The AAPM has more than 8000 members and is the principal organization of medical physicists in the United States.

The AAPM will periodically define new practice guidelines for medical physics practice to help advance the science of medical physics and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the United States. Existing medical physics practice guidelines will be reviewed for the purpose of revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner.

Each medical physics practice guideline represents a policy statement by the AAPM, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review, and requires the approval of the Professional Council. The medical physics practice guidelines recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology requires specific training, skills, and techniques, as described in each document. Reproduction or modification of the published practice guidelines and technical standards by those entities not providing these services is not authorized.

The following terms are used in the AAPM practice guidelines:

Must and Must Not: Used to indicate that adherence to the recommendation is considered necessary to conform to this practice guideline. While must is the term to be used in the guidelines, if an entity that adopts the guideline has shall as the preferred term, the AAPM considers that must and shall have the same meaning.

Should and Should Not: Used to indicate a prudent practice to which exceptions may occasionally be made in appropriate circumstances.
Lifelong deep learning‐based control of robot manipulators
Authors: Ganie Irfan , Sarangapani Jagannathan
Published: September 2023

This study proposes a lifelong deep learning control scheme for robotic manipulators with bounded disturbances. This scheme involves the use of an online tunable deep neural network (DNN) to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the robot. The control scheme is developed by using a singular value decomposition‐based direct tracking error‐driven approach, which is utilized to derive the weight update laws for the DNN. To avoid catastrophic forgetting in multi‐task scenarios and to ensure lifelong learning (LL), a novel online LL scheme based on elastic weight consolidation is included in the DNN weight‐tuning laws. Our results demonstrate that the resulting closed‐loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded while the forgetting is reduced. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we provide simulation results comparing it with the conventional single‐layer NN approach and confirm its theoretical claims. The cumulative effect of the error and control input in the multitasking system shows a 43% improvement in performance by using the proposed LL‐based DNN control over recent literature.
High‐Speed Deposition of Large‐Area Narrow‐Bandgap Perovskite Films for All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Mini‐Modules
Authors: Shi Yang , Sun Jinglin , Zhou Jie , Wen Tianyu , Zou Can , Liu Da , Liu Feng , Yang Shuang , Deng Yehao , Yang Zhibin
Published: September 2023

Developing all‐perovskite tandem solar cells is an effective approach to extend the limit of power conversion efficiency. However, fast preparation of large‐area and high‐quality narrow‐bandgap Sn‐based perovskite films still remains a major challenge in fabricating all‐perovskite tandem modules. Here high‐crystalline and compact narrow‐bandgap perovskite films with an area over 100 cm2 are well prepared by combining compositional, solvent and additive engineering. The use of 2‐methoxyethanol as a solvent enables the fast deposition of narrow‐bandgap perovskite films. Adding proper amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide and surfactant L‐α‐phosphatidylcholine into the narrow‐bandgap perovskite precursor effectively enhances the crystallinity and coverage of the resulting perovskite films, respectively. Based on these studies, narrow‐bandgap perovskite and all‐perovskite tandem mini‐modules with an aperture area of 10.4 cm2 are constructed and exhibit high efficiencies of 13.2% and 16.4%, respectively. This study provides an option for fast deposition of high‐quality narrow‐bandgap perovskite films, which is beneficial for the scalable production of all‐perovskite tandem solar modules.
Non‐Linear Optics at Twist Interfaces in h‐BN/SiC Heterostructures
Authors: Biswas Abhijit , Xu Rui , Alvarez Gustavo A. , Zhang Jin , Christiansen‐Salameh Joyce , Puthirath Anand B. , Burns Kory , Hachtel Jordan A. , Li Tao , Iyengar Sathvik Ajay , Gray Tia , Li Chenxi , Zhang Xiang , Kannan Harikishan , Elkins Jacob , Pieshkov Tymofii S. , Vajtai Robert , Birdwell A. Glen , Neupane Mahesh R. , Garratt Elias J. , Ivanov Tony G. , Pate Bradford B. , Zhao Yuji , Zhu Hanyu , Tian Zhiting , Rubio Angel , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: September 2023

Understanding the emergent electronic structure in twisted atomically thin layers has led to the exciting field of twistronics. However, practical applications of such systems are challenging since the specific angular correlations between the layers must be precisely controlled and the layers have to be single crystalline with uniform atomic ordering. Here, an alternative, simple, and scalable approach is suggested, where nanocrystallinetwo‐dimensional (2D) film on 3D substrates yields twisted‐interface‐dependent properties. Ultrawide‐bandgap hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) thin films are directly grown on high in‐plane lattice mismatched wide‐bandgap silicon carbide (4H‐SiC) substrates to explore the twist‐dependent structure‐property correlations. Concurrently, nanocrystalline h‐BN thin film shows strong non‐linear second‐harmonic generation and ultra‐low cross‐plane thermal conductivity at room temperature, which are attributed to the twisted domain edges between van der Waals stacked nanocrystals with random in‐plane orientations. First‐principles calculations based on time‐dependent density functional theory manifest strong even‐order optical nonlinearity in twisted h‐BN layers. This work unveils that directly deposited 2D nanocrystalline thin film on 3D substrates could provide easily accessible twist‐interfaces, therefore enabling a simple and scalable approach to utilize the 2D‐twistronics integrated in 3D material devices for next‐generation nanotechnology.
Defect‐Engineering‐Mediated Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer Excited‐State in Fe–Gallate Complex Improves Iron Cycle and Enables Sustainable Fenton‐Like Reaction
Authors: Shi Yanfeng , Zhang Gong , Xiang Chao , Liu Chengzhen , Hu Jun , Wang Junhu , Ge Rile , Ma Haixia , Niu Yusheng , Xu Yuanhong
Published: September 2023

Fenton reactions are inefficient because the Fe(II) catalyst cannot be recycled in time due to the lack of a rapid electron transport pathway. This results in huge H2O2 wastage in industrial applications. Here, it is shown that a sustainable heterogeneous Fenton system is attainable by enhancing the ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer (LMCT) excited‐state lifetime in Fe–gallate complex. By engineering oxygen defects in the complex, the lifetime is improved from 10–90 ps. The lengthened lifetime ensures sufficient concentrations of excited‐states for an efficient Fe cycle, realizing previously unattainable H2O2 activation kinetics and hydroxyl radical (•OH) productivity. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies show the cyclic reaction mechanism involves in situ Fe(II) regeneration and synchronous supply of oxygen atoms from water to recover dissociated Fe─O bonds. Trace amounts of this catalyst effectively destroy two drug‐resistant bacteria even after eight reaction cycles. This work reveals the link among LMCT excited‐state lifetime, Fe cycle, and catalytic activity and stability, with implications for de novo design of efficient and sustainable Fenton‐like processes.
Selective Surface Treatment Using Atmospheric Ar Plasma Jet for Aluminum‐doped Zinc Oxide Based Transparent and Flexible Electronics
Authors: Lee Haechang , Seo Yong Hyeok , Kwon Sang Jik , Jeon Yongmin , Cho Eou‐Sik
Published: September 2023

Transparent and flexible electronics are emerging technologies with the potential to enable new applications. However, to ensure high‐performance transparent electronics, post‐processing such as thermal annealing and vacuum plasma treatment is necessary, which are difficult to apply to polymer‐based flexible substrates. This study analyzed the feasibility of applying selective Ar plasma jet treatment at atmospheric pressure to transparent flexible electronics. When atmospheric Ar plasma treatment is applied to transparent flexible aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO), it showed a maximum 83.1% improvement in sheet resistance while maintaining a high transmittance performance, of over 70%. To verify the mechanism behind the surface treatment effect using atmospheric Ar plasma, comprehensive analyses are performed using atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which confirmed that the effect is due to oxygen vacancy formation caused by ion bombardment and thermal diffusion. The application of atmospheric plasma treatment to a patterned transparent flexible AZO device resulted in a reduction in contact resistance, and it is confirmed that the performance improvement effects can be retained for >500 h by applying additional passivation.