bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of ultrasonic-assisted high carboxylate content cellulose nanocrystals by TEMPO oxidation
Authors: Qin Zhong-Yan , Tong Guo-Lin , Chin Y. C. Frank , Zhou Jian-Cheng
Published: June 2023

Cotton linter pulp was oxidized in the TEMPO-NaBr-NaClO system with ultrasonic treatment, and cellulose nanocrystals having high carboxylate content were produced directly. Results showed that the C6 primary hydroxyl group of cellulose fiber was converted to the carboxylate group, whose amount could be up to 1.66 mmol/g. During the oxidizing reaction, some of the amorphous region in the cellulose fiber was modified and gradually hydrolyzed, but the crystalline region still remained. It was also shown by TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) that the widths of cellulose nanocrystals were approximately 5-10 nm, and the lengths were approximately 100-400 nm. The high carboxylate content cellulose nanocrystals could be produced in one step by this method, yielding a stable and well dispersed aqueous suspension.
Heavy metal levels in pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) tree barks as indicators of atmospheric pollution
Authors: Kord Behrouz , Kord Behzad
Published: June 2023

Bio-monitoring of air quality in TehranCity was investigated by analyzing 36 pine tree (Pinus eldarica Medw.) barks. The samples were taken from different locations with different degrees of metal pollution (urban, industrial, highway, and control sites). Then, the concentrations of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) were measured using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of this study showed that the highest and lowest metal concentrations were found in the heavy traffic sites and the control site, respectively. Lead content was found to be the highest in high traffic density areas. The industrial part of the city was characterized by high Zn, Cr, and Ni contents. Variation in heavy metal concentrations between sites was observed and attributed to differences in traffic density and anthropogenic activities. The research also confirms the suitability of Pinus eldarica Medw barks as a suitable bio-indicator of aerial fallout of heavy metals.
What Stories Do the Modifiers on Your Claims Tell?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: June 2023

This article reviews appropriate use of modifiers with procedure codes to accurately tell the story of the patient encounter or procedural service(s). The topics include the following:

General information on modifiers and appropriate use Modifiers and evaluation and management (E/M) services Commonly reported non-E/M modifiers
Coding Hotline
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: June 2023

This month’s Coding Hotline addresses chronic care management and COVID-19 vaccine coding.
Are There Benefits of Bilingualism in the Socio-Affective Domain?/Postoji li korist od dvojezičnosti u socioafektivnoj domeni?
Authors: Grabovac Beata , Jávor Rebeka , Ivanović Josip , Pintér Krekić Valéria
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present paper deals with bilingualism from a „hot” point of view: it seeks the answer to the question whether Hungarian-Serbian bilinguals and monolinguals show differences and variations in empathic skills and emotional intelligence. For measuring these variables we have used a modified language history questionnaire, the Hungarian versions of the Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-HU) and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS-HU). The data of 208 individuals from Serbia were analyzed. Comparing individuals who are monolinguals and bilinguals, at present use and know languages at various levels, our results have shown that individuals with higher levels of current language knowledge and frequency of language use rate their skills of evaluating the emotions of others and perspective taking as better.Keywords: benefit; Hungarian-Serbian bilingualism; emotional intelligence; empathy; Serbia---SažetakU ovom radu govori se dvojezičnosti iz „vruće“ perspektive, točnije pokušava se naći odgovor na pitanje pokazuju li mađarsko-srpski dvojezični govornici i jednojezični govornici razlike i varijacije u vještinama empatije i emocionalne inteligencije. Za mjerenje spomenutih varijabli, koristili smo prilagođeni upitnik o jezičnoj povijesti, mađarsku verziju Davisova Indeksa interpersonalne reaktivnosti (IRI-HU), te Wong i Law Skalu emocionalne inteligencije (WLEIS-HU). Analizirani su podatci dobiveni od 208 ispitanika u Republici Srbiji. Uspoređujući pojedince koji su jednojezični i dvojezični, koji trenutačno koriste i znaju svoje jezike na različitim razinama, rezultati su pokazali da osobe s višim razinama znanja jezika i većom učestalošću trenutačnoga korištenja jezika procjenjuju kao bolje svoje vještine procjene emocija drugih osoba te vještinu promjene perspektive. Ključne riječi: emocionalna inteligencija, empatija, korist, mađarsko-srpska dvojezičnost; Srbija
Sufrimiento psíquico y salud pública.
Authors: Molina Melissa , Sánchez Adriana , Núñez Jorge Luis
Published: June 2023

Se discute el abordaje sobre el sufrimiento psíquico que presentan los pacientes que se atienden  en el Centro Diurno para la Salud Mental. El escrito se apoya en un proyecto que se denomina ``Dispositivo de Atención Comunitaria Especializada del Hospital Dr. Roberto Chacón Paut'', que fue presentado a la Gerencia Médica de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS) en el año 2021. Este fue elaborado por dos médicos psiquiatras en conjunto con una serie de especialistas de la institución. En su gestión, participó personal de psiquiatría, enfermería, psicología, nutrición, trabajo social y terapia ocupacional. Para comprender el surgimiento de esta iniciativa en el contexto actual, es necesario realizar una discusión epistemológica, ontológica y ética respecto a las políticas en salud pública y las prácticas para la atención clínica, en Costa Rica y en otras partes del mundo, así como, un debate sobre distintos enfoques, tales como el biomédico intervencionista, la antipsiquiatría, la psiquiatría comunitaria y el psicoanálisis. En este caso, se defiende una visión integral acerca del sujeto, atendiendo a sus necesidades, a sus relaciones sociales, así como, de sus condiciones materiales y subjetivas de existencia, de manera que se opta por entender su padecimiento, desde el espacio más cercano a su vida cotidiana: la comunidad. Con esto se procura aportar a las discusiones sobre las condiciones que promueven bienestar y malestar psíquico, la historia de la institucionalidad psiquiátrica, el abordaje clínico y la atención comunitaria en salud mental. Este artículo forma parte de una investigación sobre la historia del hospital, que se realiza en conjunto con la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) y con la CCSS, y de manera específica, en el Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales (IIS) y el Hospital Dr. Roberto Chacón Paut, respectivamente. El mismo se basa en una metodología que integra revisión de literatura científica, análisis del discurso de hemeroteca, sistematización de documentos de archivo y entrevistas.
Categorizing obsolete, archaic, and classic words in an Indonesian dictionary
Authors: Puspita Dewi , Yusuf Kamal
Published: June 2023

The global era has led to fairly rapid changes in language. Many words have become obsolete. There are also many words whose meanings have become irrelevant nowadays. Unfortunately, in Indonesian dictionaries, especially in the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI; Comprehensive dictionary of Indonesian), there is no label for obsolete words. There is only an “archaic” label to mark all outdated words and a “classic” label to mark classical words. Another labeling problem in the KBBI is that there are no clear guidelines or criteria to determine when a word is considered archaic, obsolete, or classic. The absence of clear criteria causes some entries that have been labeled “archaic” in the KBBI to seem obsolete, and sometimes words labeled as classic get confused with archaic words. The aim of this article is to investigate ways of categorizing archaic, obsolete, and classic words in the KBBI. This research was conducted by comparing several forms and entry criteria labeled “archaic,” “obsolete,” and “classic” in several dictionaries, in particular dictionaries of foreign languages whose lexicographic traditions are well established. Each dictionary has its own criteria for classifying a word as archaic, obsolete, or classic, and we can learn from them. The findings suggest that checking the corpus data set is the easiest way to categorize words according to their labels.
Effect of photodynamic therapy with hypericin on the secretion of selected cytokines of colorectal cancer cells tested in vitro
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Międzybrodzka Anna , Kawczyk-Krupka Aleksandra ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Aebisher David ,   Department of Photomedicine and Physical chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland, Cieślar Grzegorz ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Czuba Zenon Paweł ,   Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
Published: June 2023

Introduction and aim. Photodynamic therapy is a complex process involving the introduction of photosensitizers into the patient’s body and irradiation of them in order to destroy the lesion, and activate the immune system. An important role in photodynamic therapy is played by photobiochemical and physical mechanisms that affect the tumor vessels and lead to the death of the damaged cell. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of photodynamic therapy with the use of Hypericin (Hyp) on the secretion of selected cytokines by colorectal cancer cells. Material and methods. Two colorectal cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620 were used in the study. Cells treated Hypericin were exposed to visible light. Then cell viability was determined by the MTT assay with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. Assays were performed for control samples without hypericin and light exposure, with Hyp without light exposure, without Hyp and irradiated with light, and test samples with Hyp and light exposure. Results. In the experiment we reveal, that Hyp- photodynamic activity does not influence the secretion of cytokines. Conclusion. The obtaining results confirming the destructive effect of Hyp- PDT on the colon cancer cells, show a possibility of extending the indication for photodynamic therapy using Hyp, qualification of precancerous changes.
Care dependency in radiation oncology patients and related factors – a descriptive study
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Internal Medicine Nursing, Seydişehir Kamil Akkanat Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey, Burucu Rukiye , Alanyalı Zehra ,   Radiation Oncology Clinic, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey, Öztürk Huriye ,   Radiation Oncology Clinic, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
Published: June 2023

Introduction and aim. The incidence of cancer is increasing on a daily basis. One of the methods used for treatment is radiotherapy. Owing to interventions during the radiotherapy process, the patient may experience care dependency. In this study, the aim was to investigate care dependence and related factors in radiation oncology patients. Material and methods. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data were collected between September 2020 and September 2021. In the collection of data, a sociodemographic information form and a Care Dependency Scale were used. The sample consisted of 52 people. Results. Number of participants was 52, mean age was 60.25±11.715, mean care dependency score (initial) 66.19±18.966, mean care addiction score (final) 66.27±22.795. Conclusion. The care dependency of patients hospitalized in the radiation oncology clinic is moderate. The care dependency of these patients decreased partially during their stay in the clinic. The patient’s inability to walk, speak and the presence of a companion affected the patient’s condition. By evaluating the care dependency levels of the patients, the awareness of the nurses about their patients can be increased. In addition, it may be appropriate to consider the care dependency levels of the patients for the nurse workforce planning to work in the oncology clinic.
Global risks of endometriosis in women – an appraisal
Authors:   Department of Anthropology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India, Roy Chhandika , Mondal Nitish ,   Department of Anthropology, School of Human Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
Published: June 2023

Introduction and aim. Endometriosis is a complex condition in which endometrium, tissue that resembles the uterine lining, develops outside the uterus. It is considered to be a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory gynecological disorder having multi-factorial origins. This review paper aims to consolidate recent information on ethnic differences, endometriosis risks, and the disease’s etiology in the global context. Material and methods. A systematic search was performed using a variety of international electronic databases, including “PubMed” and “DOAJ”, using the terms endometriosis, endometriosis and infertility, endometriosis and cancer, and treatment of endometriosis. Analysis of the literature. Endometriosis can appear anywhere in the body, including the umbilicus, the cecum and ileum of the digestive tract, the breast, the lungs, and the genitourinary organs. It is typically clinically asymptomatic with no obvious clinical manifestation and expensive treatment, which makes the diagnosis late. There is a complex interplay between socioeconomic status, family history, societal beliefs and laws, personal habits, reproductive and gynaecological conditions, and environmental influences in the development of endometriosis. Conclusion. Women with endometriosis should be given more attention, and specific resources in the healthcare system should be utilized to provide more efficient multidisciplinary healthcare and treatment.
Analgesic effects of ethyl chloride spray in venepuncture – a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind study
Authors:   Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey, Gur Ali , Cakmak Fatma ,   Department of Emergency, Erzurum City Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
Published: June 2023

Introduction and aim. This study evaluated whether ethyl chloride spray had an analgesic effect on pain intensity caused by venepuncture compared to a placebo. Material and methods. A total of 339 patients were randomly divided into two groups: The group in which ethyl chloride spray was applied (n=212) and the placebo group (n=127). The analgesic efficacy of ethyl chloride spray was compared with the placebo group using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results. When the analgesic efficacy of ethyl chloride spray was compared with the placebo group, the VAS score was 4 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.0] for the ethyl chloride spray group and 5 (IQR: 2.0) for the placebo group. The efficacy of ethyl chloride spray in reducing pain was statistically significant compared to the placebo (p<0.001). Conclusion. Ethyl chloride spray has analgesic activity in venepuncture. Therefore, this spray can be used at the emergency departments to reduce pain intensity in patients undergoing such interventions.
Whole-body vibration on lower limb flexibility and extensibility – a randomized clinical trial
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Paraná, Brasil, da Silva Morais Carla Cristina , Misiak Gabriele Favaro ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Paraná, Brasil, Santin Ligia Maria ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Paraná, Brasil, de Carvalho Alberito Rodrigo ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Paraná, Brasil, Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Paraná, Brasil
Published: June 2023

Introduction and aim. The whole-body vibration has become known for optimizing the production of muscle power due to mechanical oscillations that are dependent on vibration frequency. However, the effects of varying the vibration frequency on flexibility have still been little explored. Compare the effects of two frequencies of whole-body vibration on flexibility and extensibility of the lower limbs. Material and methods. Randomized clinical trial with a sample of 42 young adult volunteers of both sexes, who performed squatting sessions with individualized load on a platform and distributed into three groups of vibration frequency: control group (CG), with the platform off; low frequency group (LF), with a frequency of 30 Hz; high frequency group (HF), with a frequency of 45 Hz. In total, the intervention was carried out in 12 sessions and lasted 6 weeks, with 2 sessions per week. Flexibility, evaluated before and after the intervention by the sit and reach test (Wells bench) and by evaluating the extensibility of the ischiotibials by goniometry. Results. No statistical differences were observed for any of the outcomes evaluated. Conclusion. None of the proposed frequencies produced gains in flexibility and extensibility of the lower extremities and there was no superiority of one frequency over another.
Biochemical and planimetric investigations of hydrophilic creams containing ceramides or dexpanthenol on the model of chemical burns
Authors:   National University of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Butko Yaroslava , Tishakova Tetyana ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2023

Introduction and aim. Chemical burns of the skin are common type of injuries both in private life and in industries. Local treatment of chemical burns using wound healing creams and ointments is predominant. Hydrophobic wound healing medicinal products dominate the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market but their hydrophobic base disturbs the healing process of skin. The aim of this work was biochemical and planimetric investigation of treatment efficacy of chemical burns with hydrophilic creams containing ceramides and dexpanthenol. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 30 rats weighing 190–220 g. In a rat skin burn model, animals were exposed to 9% acetic acid solution. Treatment was initiated after wound appearance and included application of creams containing ceramides and dexpanthenol. The effectiveness of treatment was estimated using planimetric parameters, such as: surface area of necrotic tissue (S, mm 2 ) and cumulative reparative effect. Levels of the biochemical markers such as total protein, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP) and content of SH-groups were measured in the rats’ blood serum. Results. It was established that cream developed with ceramides and cream with dexpanthenol exhibits reparative properties at the level of 29 % and 4.5 %, respectively. Biochemical investigations demonstrated the treatment efficacy of creams containing ceramides and dexpanthenol. In terms of CRP level and content of SH-groups, the therapeutic action of cream with dexpanthenol was highly significant by a factor of 1.45 and 1.35, respectively in contrast to the cream with ceramides. Conclusion. Using the chemical burn model and results of planimetric and biochemical research it was found that cream with ceramides and cream with dexpanthenol exhibit wound-healing properties. In-depth study on the wound-healing mechanism of investigated creams with the aim of creating effective hydrophilic creams for use in burn treatment is prospective.
Comparison of biofloc formation from microalgal cultivation by auto- and bacteria-associated types of flocculation
Authors: Ngoc Thu Tran Thi , Dong Phuong Nguyen Thi , Van Luan Tran , Van Anh Le Thi
Published: June 2023

Microalgal harvesting has still been a challenge to investigators who take their investiment into microalgal production. The cost for microalgal downstream processing is as high as 20% of the total production of biodiesel. Among hundreds of curent methods of biomass harvesting, autoflocculation and bacteria-based aggregation are still being researched and applied in large-scale producuion. This study implemented a comparison of how microalgal cells aggregate large bioflocs according to two types of flocculation. The microalgal autoflocculation was implemented by adding Ca2+ or Mg2+ with an increase of pH to 11, resulting in cell biomass of 13.7 or 15.5 mg/l, respectively. Meanwhile, the bioflocculation under the support of Bacillus subtilis MT300405 and Escherichia coli ATCC 85922 could produce large bioflocs with a cell biomass of 1.5 times higher than the autoflocculation case without the influence of pH. Moreover, images from scanning electron microscopy indicated differences between two types of flocculation. With the presence of bacteria, microalgal cells were more tightly bound by a membrane or a layer of extracellular polimeric substance, inducing to form large bioflocs. This was not found under autoflocculation.
O amensalismo do agronegócio, os Educadores Ambientais Críticos e a preparação para o novo (Guarnicê)
Authors: Bomfim Alexandre Maia do
Published: June 2023

Este artigo surge a partir de uma pesquisa intitulada “O agronegócio e seu rastro de mentiras e destruição: um estudo sobre trabalho-educação e ambiente na perspectiva da luta de classes”. Trouxemos a parte da interlocução com educadores e pesquisadores ambientais que problematiza o agronegócio. Da localização desse setor no modo de produção capitalista brasileiro, pela sua relação com o ambiente, com o Estado, com o mundo do trabalho, até o escopo principal: as implicações educacionais. Inferimos que o ‘conflito socioambiental’ é onde se constitui a práxis da Educação Ambiental Crítica, onde a relação entre “Trabalho, Ambiente e Educação” se materializa à teorização. Fechamos que “a preparação para o novo” (guarnicê) perpassa por uma Educação Crítica não-conciliatória com o sistema do capital.
Interpretacja kantowskiego pojęcia intuicji intelektualnej w myśli Xaviera Tilliette’a
Authors: Smoleń Anna Maria
Published: June 2023

Artykuł koncentruje się na kantowskim rozumieniu pojęcia intuicji intelektualnej i jego interpretacji przez współczesnego francuskiego filozofa Xaviera Tilliette’a. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie i zbadanie zasadności poszukiwania wiedzy intuicyjnej w twórczości królewieckiego myśliciela oraz ukazanie rozumienia tego pojęcia przez Tilliette’a. Na początku omówiono kontekst powstania i definicję samego pojęcia, która w świetle twórczości Immanuela Kanta wydaje się kontrowersyjna. Ponadto zaprezentowano interpretację Tilliette’a: jako znawca niemieckiego idealizmu i spadkobierca francuskiej tradycji filozoficznej krytycznie przygląda się kantowskiemu rozumieniu tego pojęcia, wskazując na jego wieloznaczność i nakreślając problem niekonsekwencji jego użycia.
Literature Review of Social Skill Intervention Using Special Interest Area in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lee Kwinam , Sim Sehwa , Lee Sohyun ,   The Korean Society of Special Education
Published: June 2023

In this study, the overall trend of social skill intervention using special interest area (SIA) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was examined; additionally, the types and characteristics of intervention studies were analyzed to discover what implications they have for the educational field. A total of 21 studies were selected according to the selection criteria. The intervention was conducted mainly in an inclusive environment using antecedent approach. Results showed that there was a positive effect when incorporating SIA to social skill intervention regardless of cognitive abilities. Most of the SIAs were in the facts/verbal memory and activities/visual memory categories and was often embedded into social games/activities or presented in Power Card strategies. SIA was used for interventions in order to improve both social engagement and social initiation behaviors. Based on the results of this study, the implications and recommendations for intervention using SIA for children with ASD were discussed.
Special Education Expert’s Experience on the Students with ASD and Savant Syndrome
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Park Hyun Ok , Kang Hae Keyung
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the educational experiences and perceptions of ASD and Savant Syndrome by special education experts. For the purpose of this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine educational experts who had more than 20 years of experience working with autistic disorders. The participants worked at various types of educational institutions such as special education schools, special classroom and child development centers, and were able to present various and rich experiences. The interviews were conducted through in-depth interviews and focus group interviews, the contents of these interviews were then analyzed according to the continuous comparative analysis method. As a result of analyzing the data a collection of 5 core themes and 16 subthemes were derived. The five core themes are as follows: 1) Savant syndrome, which I didn’t know well, now that I think about it, it was Savant syndrome maybe; 2) Savant syndrome is as diverse as the spectrum; 3) the difficulties related to autistic disorder preceded amazing abilities; 4) parents’ expectations toward their children’s special abilities are very diverse; and 5) Educational support measures that can help students’ special talents become meaningful abilities for students with ASD and Savant syndrome. Based on the research results, the similarities and differences between teachers’ and parents’ experiences of students with autism and Savant syndrome were discussed, in addition, future educational supports were suggested.
Budizm’de Kıssaların Önemi: Bazı Budist İnanış ve Uygulamaların Anlaşılmasına Dair Örnekler
Authors: ARSLAN Hammet
Published: June 2023

Budizm, MÖ altıncı yüzyılda verimli topraklarıyla ünlü Ganj vadisinde Budda’nın keşifleri çerçevesinde oluşmuş bir dindir. Budda, aşırı lüks bir hayat ve devamındaki altı yıllık bir arayışın sonucunda uzun bir meditasyon oturuşuyla aydınlanmaya ulaşmıştır. O, bir takım uç tecrübeler yaşayarak ve yoğun zihinsel çaba sergileyerek keşfettiği orta yol tekniğini öğrencilerine aktararak öğretisini yaymaya çalışmıştır. Öğrencileri de ondan öğrendiklerini başka insanlara anlatmış, böylelikle inananların sayısı her geçen gün artmıştır. Budizm’in yayılışındaki en etkin unsurlardan birisi Budda’nın kullandığı anlaşılır dil ve üsluptur. Budda dinin temel ilke ve esaslarını etrafındakilere anlatırken sade bir dil kullanmıştır. Ayrıca karmaşık konuların daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak için kıssalar, hikâyeler ve öyküler anlatmış; sık sık benzetmeler kullanmıştır. Böylelikle çevresinde toplanan insanların anlam dünyalarına daha iyi nüfuz edebilmiştir. Budda’nın birçok kıssa kullandığı bilinmektedir. Bunlardan en meşhurları arasında ‘zehirli okla yaralanan adam’, ‘kör adamlar ve fil’, ‘sal/sandal’, ‘hardal tohumu’ gibi örnekler sayılabilir. ‘Zehirli okla yaralanan adam’ hikâyesinde Budda, öğrencilerini vakitlerini ve enerjilerini açıklanması mümkün olmayan karmaşık ve metafizik konulara harcamamaları konusunda uyarmıştır. Bu hikâyede insanoğlunun önündeki mevcut hayati sorunlara yoğunlaşarak bunların çözümü için çareler üretmeye gayret etmesi vurgulanmaktadır. Hint alt kıtasında ortaya çıkmış ve buradan bütün dünyaya yayılmış yaygın bir anlatı olan 'körlerin fil tarifi’ hikâyesinde söz konusu toplumda, kültürde ve çevrede algılamanın seviyesine vurgu yapılır. Bu hikâye farklı bakış açısına sahip oldukları ve farklı düşünceleri savundukları için kavga eden grupları betimlemede kullanılır. ‘Sal’ hikâyesinde, Budist öğreti olarak da bilinen dhammayı çok iyi bir şekilde öğrenmenin, idrak etmenin ve içselleştirmenin önemi üzerinde durulur. ‘Hardal tohumu’ hikâyesinde, genel olarak dünyanın geçiciliği, dünya malına çok fazla ehemmiyet göstermeme, fiziksel ölümün evrensel bir hakikat olduğu üzerinde durulur. Bu örneklerden yola çıkarak kıssaların Budist inanç ve uygulamaların anlaşılmasındaki yeri ve önemini ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.
INFLUENCE OF TISSUE STIFFNESS ON CAVITATION CLOUD FORMATION BY HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND IN AGAROSE GELS
Authors: Kishimoto Koshi , Ogasawara Toshiyuki , Takahira Hiroyuki
Published: June 2023

The effects of tissue stiffness on the growth and collapse of a laser-induced bubble and the cavitation cloud formation by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in tissue-mimicking phantoms were investigated. First, the growth and collapse of a laser-induced bubble were observed with a high-speed video camera, which showed that the maximum bubble radius decreases with increase in the stiffness of agarose gels. The period of bubble collapse becomes shorter as the stiffness increases in agarose gels. However, the period in 0.3% agarose is longer than that in 7% gelatin, although both Young's moduli are similar to each other. In 0.3% and 0.5% agarose gels, the laser-induced bubble enlarged with the generation of wrinkles on its interface. Experiments were also conducted for the cavitation cloud formation due to the backscattering of HIFU from the residual microbubbles which remain after the laser-induced bubble collapses. In 0.3%, 0.7%, and 1.5% agarose phantoms, the cavitation clouds developed along with the propagation axis of HIFU, while a dense cavitation bubble cloud was not observed in 3.0% agarose. As the gel stiffness increases, the size of the cavitation cloud decreases due to the high stiffness of the surrounding medium. Also, the collapse time of a cavitation cloud becomes shorter with increase in the stiffness of agarose gels. Although the Young's modulus of 6% gelatin is smaller than 0.3% agarose, the collapse time of the bubble cloud is shorter than that in 0.3% agarose.
Thermal Effect of Laser on Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Cold Plasma Method on Cancer Cells
Authors: Raheem Maryam Ali , Adil Ban. H
Published: June 2023

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a cold plasma technique and a plasma jet. They were then used to explore how photothermal treatment may be used to treat lung cancer (A549) and normal cells (REF) in vitro. The anti-proliferative activity of these nanoparticles was studied after A549 cells were treated with (AgNPs) at various concentrations (100%, 50%, or 25%) and exposure times (6 or 8 min) of laser after 1 h or 24 h from exposed AgNPs. The highest growth inhibition for cancer cells is (75%) at (AgNPs) concentration (100%) and the period of exposure to the laser is (8 min). Particle size for the prepared samples varied according to the diameter of the electrode and was within the range AgNPs according to FE-SEM was 38-65 nm, where the crystal size calculated using Debye Scherrer from XRD was 24-27 nm. The results of this study suggest that AgNPs have strong activity and has an effective role in the treatment of cancer cells.
The Effect of Human Capital on Economic Growth: Evidence from Kazakh Regions
Authors:   Nazarbayev University, Turganbayev Y. M.
Published: June 2023

The importance of human capital for economic growth is now widely recognised and has been studied extensively. However, the influence of human capital on economic growth of Kazakhstan has not yet been studied fully enough. In particular, to the best of the knowledge, there are no studies that use various approximations of human capital and utilise both direct and indirect approaches. Using educational and health indicators, this paper tests empirically how human capital influences economic growth of Kazakh regions over the period 1994-2019 both as a production function and through total factor productivity (TFP). The analysis revealed that human capital is insignificant as a production factor but has significant indirect effect on the TFP growth rate. The latter is realised through the ability to imitate and introduce new technologies from outside rather than through the domestic innovation. The scientific novelty of this research is as follows. Firstly, it uses both educational and health approximations of human capital. Secondly, it studies how human capital influences economic growth of the Kazakh regions both directly as a production factor and indirectly through TFP. Thirdly, it checks for the presence of spatial dependence in data across Kazakhstan regions. Fourthly, it constructs average years of schooling data across the regions of the country. The results of the study are important for designing policies to increase economic growth of the country and its regions. As a further development of this work, it seems interesting to use other approximations of human capital.
Quantitative Assessment of the Adaptation of Employment to Uncertainty in Russian Regions
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Fedchenko A. A. , Dorokhova N. V. ,   Voronezh State University, Dashkova E. S. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: June 2023

Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA), characteristic for current socio-economic development, significantly affect the vital activity of society, as well as the fundamental principles of economic development. This situation requires the creation and implementation of adaptation mechanisms. The study aims to quantify the adaptation of employment to the conditions of the VUCA world in Russian regions. It is hypothesised that the employment of the population in Russian regions with different levels and types of economic development is not adapted to the conditions of the VUCA world. The article analysed a theoretical and methodological platform for examining the labour market and employment that presents Russian and foreign experience. The study revealed the effects of the VUCA world on employment: accelerated response of quantitative employment parameters to economic changes (including by increasing the mobility of workers); post-industrial transformation of the employment structure; formation and dissemination of non-standard forms of employment. The developed methodology for assessing the adaptation of employment to the conditions of the VUCA world was applied to evaluate the key characteristics of this process. The methodology was tested in a number of Russian regions that differ in the level and type of economic development by analysing statistical data for the period 2014–2019. At the present stage, a low and average degree of adaptation of employment is recorded, regardless of the socio-economic development of regions. The proposed comprehensive recommendations are aimed at solving the key problems of adapting employment to the conditions of the VUCA world and are addressed to the subjects of social and labour relations.
The conclusion of the limitless hotel problem
Authors: Ling Xie
Published: June 2023

Mathematician Cantor's Set theory appeared paradox and mathematical theory crisis. The famous German mathematician Hilbert used "Hilbert Hotel" to describe Cantor's Set theory paradox. At that time, people could not find a strict mathematical theory to refute Cantor's Set theory, but let everyone get used to and accept Cantor's Set theory, and thought that it was not a paradox. After the proposal of the limitless Hotel question, it caused controversy between the two parties. I quoted the definition of mathematical logic and got the correct answer. Proved that there is no paradox in limitless hotels (Reason: limitless hotels cannot increase the number of new guests staying.). A deep analysis of Cantor's limitless elements and the infeasibility of one-to-one correspondence was conducted. 2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 03G27, 03F07, 03D45, 03F55
Cells electroporation for cell transfection with NEON system v1
Authors: not provided Juan.Gonzalez
Published: June 2023

Protocol for cell electroporation with the NEON transfection system
Chronic Recoverable Neuropixels in Mice v2
Authors: A Aery Jones Emily
Published: June 2023

This protocol collection explains how to build a low-cost, lightweight system to implant 1 Neuropixels 1.0 probe or 2 Neuropixels 2.0 probes into mice, record during freely moving behavior, then recover the probes for future use. Other chronic recoverable designs: single 1.0 probe in mice: Juavinett et al, 2019 (https://elifesciences.org/articles/47188) multiple 1.0 probes in rats: Luo & Bondy et al, 2020 (https://elifesciences.org/articles/59716) single 2.0 probe in mice and dual or moveable 2.0 probes in rats: van Daal, Aydin, & Michon et al, 2021 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-021-00539-9) overview of unpublished designs: Neuropixels 2021 course lecture 3.7 by Yoh Isogai (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cZqYIiGvBQ&list=PLfhWmWntvjl64ti_a-MzHlwqwEU0ZlALb&index=18) Advantages of this design: Lightweight (entire assembly, including headbar, dental cement, and tape, weighs <3g for single 1.0 probe or <4g for dual 2.0 probes) Allows headfixed or freely moving recordings Quickly attaches to a headstage holder, which provides LEDs for tracking and a counterweight to encourage running Position and angle of internal mount on the probe adjustable before gluing, allowing implantation into any brain region, but custom adjustment is not required, allowing the same probe to be re-inserted into a variety of sites Unlike completely enclosed designs, the shank is uncovered during insertion for better visualization, yet doesn't require delicately surrounding the shank with a glue column Dual 2.0 probes: probes are independently insertable, so can set custom positions, depths, and angles for each Disadvantages of this design: Not suitable for larger animals (lightweight design likely can't withstand larger forces, flex cable remains exposed, moisture known to wick up shank into PCB in rats) External components are assembled around the probe during surgery rather than during assembly, so surgeries take slightly longer Less elegant than completely enclosed designs and requires a larger skull surface area for gluing Dual 2.0 probes: how close together the probes can get is limited by some of the components Assembly preview: Single 1.0 probe Dual 2.0 beta probes
Building a SpikeGLX Rig with camera: Chronic recoverable Neuropixels in mice v2
Authors: A Aery Jones Emily
Published: June 2023

This protocol collection explains how to build a low-cost, lightweight system to implant 1 Neuropixels 1.0 probe or 2 Neuropixels 2.0 probes into mice, record during freely moving behavior, then recover the probes for future use. This protocol first describes how to build a Neuropixels recording system using a National Instruments acquisition system and SpikeGLX software, from parts acquisition through your first recording. It also describes how to integrate a camera, including code and wiring to record and synchronize video frames. See full collection for more details.
Исследование влияния внедрения настроек персонализации интерфейса в мобильные версии портированных игровых приложений
Authors:   Университет ИТМО, Михалева П.Н. , Смолин А.А. ,   Университет ИТМО
Published: June 2023

Благодаря повсеместному развитию технологий игровая индустрия заполняет большую нишу и в области развлечений. Компании по разработке игр не останавливаются на существующем уровне игрового погружения и продолжают улучшать опыт взаимодействия пользователей с выпускаемым продуктом. Дизайн пользовательского интерфейса игры является решающим фактором в общем впечатлении игрока. Хорошо продуманный интерфейс может способствовать погружению в игру и создавать ощущение потока. Во многих жанрах задача игры обеспечить опыт, сопоставимый с реальным и поэтому цель работы над дизайном игрового интерфейса состоит в том, чтобы заставить его слиться с игрой. Так в идеальном представлении игрок не будет замечать существование физического интерфейса, ощущая только удовольствие от самой игры. Статья посвящена обзору методов улучшения пользовательского интерфейса мобильных версий портированных игр и анализу выбранного метода с помощью оценки эффективности его внедрения в прототип игры жанра fighting по показателю «время». Была создана мобильная игра с возможностью персонализации элементов интерфейса как продукт для проведения исследования. В эксперименте приняли участие 40 респондентов, разделенных на две выборки. Каждый респондент проходил игру два раза, с подключением настроек персонализации интерфейса и без. Результатом исследования стало подтверждение гипотезы о том, что время прохождения уровня игры, при самостоятельной настройке параметров (размера, положения, и контраста) элементов интерфейса пользователем, будет меньше времени прохождения уровня при настройке параметров элементов интерфейса разработчиком.
Инклюзивный дизайн текста в интерфейсах для людей с расстройствами аутистического спектра и синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности
Authors:   Университет ИТМО, Ашурова С.С. , Джумагулова А.Ф. ,   Университет ИТМО
Published: June 2023

В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты инклюзивного дизайна текста для людей с РАС и СДВГ. Теоретический раздел и практическая часть исследования проведены на основе известных эмпирических методов: анализа, классификации, систематизации, абстрагирования, индукции, анкетирования, эксперимента. В результате проведения и анализа экспериментальной части работы были выведены и сформулированы принципы и набор графических настроек шрифта, комфортных для чтения текста с экрана людьми с СДВГ и РАС. Во время исследования были выявлены новые данные о контрастности цветов текста и фона, способствующих увеличению скорости чтения. Также в результате проведения и анализа экспериментальной части работы были выведены и сформулированы рекомендации по настройке графических параметров шрифта, комфортных для чтения текста с экрана людьми с СДВГ и РАС. Полученные данные и сформулированные принципы инклюзивного дизайна текста открывают новые возможности для дальнейших исследований с целью достижения доступности для людей с синдромом дефицита внимания и расстройствами аутистического спектра и могут быть использованы как дизайнерами, так и разработчиками при создании и работе над веб-сервисами.
Instaworthy? Examining the Effects of (Targeted) Civic Education Ads on Instagram
Authors: Errenst Emilia , Remoortere Annelien Van , Vermeer Susan , Kruikemeier Sanne
Published: June 2023

The last few years have witnessed a growing societal and scholarly interest in the potential of online political microtargeting to affect election outcomes in favor of parties and candidates. It has often been rightly pointed out that political microtargeting can pose risks to electoral integrity in democracies. But can political microtargeting also benefit democratic functioning? Very little is known about the potential of political microtargeting to affect citizens’ attitudes towards politics and increase their civic participation. To address this paucity, this article presents a preregistered online experiment conducted in Germany among young adults (N = 445), examining whether (targeted) civic education ads on Instagram increase political interest, efficacy, and civic participation. An innovative methodological approach to studying political microtargeting is deployed, exposing respondents to civic education ads in a mock Instagram feed, personalized in real-time based on individual preferences. We find no direct evidence of (targeted) civic education ads, leading us to believe that (targeted) ads do not unconditionally affect political interest, efficacy, or civic participation.
An overview of the conventional synthesis of biomass-derived nanocomposites and applications to systems for energy and the environment
Authors: OYEKALE Joseph
Published: June 2023

Biomass-derived nanocomposites are very tiny carbonated solid materials synthesized by fusing metallic compounds with different types of plant-based materials, either in their raw forms or after processing into other substances such as biochar. This chapter aims to succinctly describe the principles often applied in the literature for the synthesis of biomass-derived nanocomposites. Furthermore, the most common applications of biomass-derived nanocomposites in the areas of sustainability of energy and the environment are summarized. The roles of bio-nanocomposites in the advancement of energy storage systems, supercapacitors, and hydrogen production through fuel cells are in focus for sustainable energy applications. For the environmental sustainability potential, emphasis is placed on the applications of the bio-based nanocomposites for environmental remediation and carbon-capture purposes by mitigating CO2 emission through CO2 sorption and sequestration.
Adapting for Distance: A Perspective on Team-based Archival Processing during a Pandemic
Authors: Jones Sarah , DiPaolo Ryan
Published: June 2023

For decades, team processing has been an effective method of tackling extensive collections that would consume a single processor's time. The effectiveness of team processing was challenged in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic forced the archival profession to reexamine long-standing methods of shared work. While some aspects of processing and descriptive work easily shift to remote work, other aspects of processing remain steadfastly physical. This article examines a team processing project at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Special Collections and Archives to process a major collection previously held by the university's Film Department that began in summer of 2020 during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors share their experience adapting physical processes to ever-changing health and safety guidelines and discuss what changes are worth retaining and which processes presented the biggest challenges to pandemic protocols.