bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryopreservation and Fertility: Current and Prospective Possibilities for Female Cancer Patients
Authors: Campos Jacira Ribeiro , Rosa-e-Silva Ana Carolina Japur de Sá
Published: December 2011

With the evolution of the treatment of malignant neoplasms, the survival rates of patients undergoing chemo- or radiotherapy are increasing. The continuous development of techniques of assisted human reproduction has led to important strategies in an attempt to maintain reproductive function in patients subjected to treatment of neoplastic diseases, among them cryopreservation of embryos, gametes, and ovarian cortical tissue. The freezing of ovarian tissue is currently being proposed with the primary purpose of preserving ovarian function in these patients. Currently, the major challenge of groups working with preservation of fertility is the use of cryopreserved ovarian tissue after disease remission. The main alternatives presented today are the implantation of hetero- or orthotopic tissue and isolation of immature follicles from ovarian tissue followed by in vitro maturation and assisted reproduction procedures.
Prolonged Antigen Ingestion by Sensitized Mice Ameliorates Airway Inflammation
Authors: Noviello Maria de Lourdes Meirelles , Batista Nathália Vieira , Dourado Luana Pereira Antunes , Cara Denise Carmona
Published: December 2011

Food allergy frequently precedes or coexists with respiratory allergy, and although restriction of contacts with the allergen is the elected clinical procedure, oral immunotherapy (OIT) has proven to be surprisingly efficient in clinical trials. We investigated whether prolonged restriction and voluntary exposure of previously sensitized (immunized) mice to ovalbumin (OVA) in the drinking water would alter subsequent responses to bronchial (aerosol) challenge with OVA. We found a significant suppression of bronchial inflammation, with marked reduction of eosinophils. IL-4, CCL-2, and CCL-11 are not associated with elevation in IL-10 production or Foxp3 expression, with only minor digestive symptoms.
The Revelation of Entrepreneurial Spirits on the Cultivation of College Students’ Enterprise Qualities: A Case Study in Wenzhou
Authors: Ma Delong
Published: December 2011

In Socialist market economy, the characteristics of economic development tend to vary in different regions.Accordingly, enterprise education on college students has to be combined with regional economic features,particularly with a profound knowledge about the characteristics of local entrepreneurs. Insufficient resources andinconvenient geographical location set a special human environment for Wenzhou. Influenced by such anenvironment, the entrepreneurs in Wenzhou who initiated their business at the initial stage have developed somespecial spirits such as survival of the fittest, daring to outperform others, practical spirit, utility orientation,teamwork and so on. College students in Wenzhou are also expected to carry forward these spirits and absorb theessence in them to improve their enterprise qualities.
Fairness of IELTS Test Scores in University Admission
Authors: Tavakkoly Motahar Khodashenas
Published: December 2011

In recent years there has been growing theoretical interest in exploring the relationship between the interpretationand use of high-stakes proficiency test scores. In these discussions, the role of institutional test users (or test scoreconsumers) has received only limited attention. This may be due, at least in part, to the lack of consensus in theliterature about the degree of responsibility test users have for the valid and ethical interpretation and use of testscores. To date, there has also been very little empirical research on the work of these stakeholders. This articlereports on a study focusing on how the International English Language Testing System was used in the selection ofstudents in an EFL context at an Iranian university and the knowledge and beliefs that test users (administrative andacademic staff) had about the test. The central issues raised for readers by this paper is the possibility thatjudgements made on the basis of IELTS may not correlate with the subsequent performance of students, and thatflaws or strengths in these performances may be correlated with IELTS scores and the ensuing entry judgements.The results suggested that there were a number of serious flaws in the interpretation and use of test scores at thisinstitution. Recommendations are made for improving the use of English proficiency evidence and the assessmentliteracy of staff in universities in Iran or other places around the world.
The Internationalization of Higher Education: An Effective Approach for Iran Higher Education
Authors: Ghasempoor Ali , Liaghatdar Mohmmd Javad , Jafari Ebrahim
Published: December 2011

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on January 3, 2016.If you have any further question, please contact us at: hes@ccsenet.org
Study on the Status Quo and Reform Measures of Employment Guidance in Universities
Authors: Liping He
Published: December 2011

As a new discipline, employment guidance is aimed at the study of employment and how to solve the problem inemployment every individual meets. It offers an effective approach to the problem in employment for universitygraduates. This article starts with the importance of conducting employment guidance and makes an analysis of thestatus quo as well as the existing problems in employment guidance services in universities at present. It also putsforward several countermeasures which can change the current situation and reform the employment guidanceservices specifically.
On Cultivation of Characteristic Talents in Law in Institutes of Technology
Authors: Li Hong
Published: December 2011

For the time being, professional education of law offered by institutes of technology has become an importantcomponent of cultivation of professional talents in law in China. Only if institutes of technology face up with theirdisadvantages, make full use of their resource advantages and cultivate characteristic talents in law, are they able toremain invincible in the fierce competition among universities. This paper analyzes predicament and advantagesexisting in cultivation of characteristic talents in law by institutes of technology. On that basis, the paper then putsforward the basic principles and specific approaches to be followed by institutes of technology to cultivatecharacteristic talents in law.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis May Be a Disease of Recurrent, Tractional Injury to the Periphery of the Aging Lung: A Unifying Hypothesis Regarding Etiology and Pathogenesis
Authors: Leslie Kevin O.
Published: December 2011

Context.—Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, fatal lung disease occurring in older individuals. Despite 50 years of accrued data about the disease, little progress has been made in slowing functional loss or in decreasing patient mortality.

Objective.—To present a novel hypothesis on the etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Design.—Published data are reviewed regarding the epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, radiologic findings, and pathologic findings in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Results.—Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may be predisposed genetically to tractional injury to the peripheral lung. The result is recurrent damage to the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, preferentially at the outer edges of the basilar lung lobules where tractional stress is high during inspiration, compliance is relatively low, and there is a greater tendency for alveolar collapse at end-expiration. A distinctive “reticular network of injury” (the fibroblast focus) forms, attended by a prolonged phase of wound repair (tear and slow repair). Discrete areas of alveolar collapse are observed in scar at the periphery of the lung lobules. The cycle repeats over many years resulting in progressive fibrous remodeling and replacement of the alveoli in a lobule by bronchiolar cysts surrounded by scar (honeycomb lung). Abnormalities in surfactant function are proposed as a potential mechanism of initial lung damage. Age of onset may be a function of a required threshold of environmental exposures (eg, cigarette smoking) or other comorbid injury to the aging lung.

Conclusions.—Evidence supporting this hypothesis is presented and potential mechanisms are discussed. A potential role for contributing cofactors is presented.
Nodular Vulvar Lesions
Authors: Liu Teng , Chang Jian-Min
Published: June 2024

A woman in her 30s presented with mildly itchy skin nodules in the vulvar region for 1 year, which occurred during pregnancy and increased gradually in size and number without any treatments. What is your diagnosis?
After early mTICI 2b, stop or continue? Insights from the PERSIST Registry
Authors: Ji Yachen , Ding Xianhui , Xiao Lulu , Li Min , Wu Kangfei , Xu Junfeng , Duan Zuowei , Sun Wen , Xu Pengfei , Huang Xianjun
Published: June 2024

Objectives

A higher reperfusion grade after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is associated with a good prognosis. However, the effect of the number of retrievals has not yet been investigated in vertebrobasilar occlusion (VBAO). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether to continue retrieval after early modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 2b to achieve a better reperfusion grade.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent EVT caused by VBAO in a multicenter registry dataset. Patients who underwent successful reperfusion were included (mTICI 2b/3). Regression models were used to analyze the correlation of different reperfusion grades stratified by the number of retrieval attempts with clinical prognosis and hemorrhage transition.

Results

We included 432 patients: 34.5% (n = 149) had a final mTICI score of 2b and 65.5% (n = 283) had a final mTICI score of 3. Patients who obtained a mTICI of 3 after the first pass had significantly increased odds of having a good prognosis. As the number of passes increases, the chances of obtaining a good prognosis decreases. After three or more passes, the odds of achieving functional independence and favorable outcomes were comparable to those of the first mTICI 2b, regardless of the 90‐day (OR 1.132 95% CI 0.367–3.487 p = 0.829; OR 1.070 95% CI 0.375–3.047 p = 0.900) or 1‐year follow‐up (OR 1.217 95% CI 0.407–3.637 p = 0.725; OR 1.068 95% CI 0.359–3.173 p = 0.906).

Interpretation

Within two retrieval attempts, mTICI 3 was better than the first retrieval to mTICI 2b. After early mTICI 2b, each retrieval should be undertaken with caution to pursue a higher reperfusion grade.
Thermal and Mechanical Vibration Response of Auxetic Core Sandwich Smart Nanoplate
Authors: Koç Mehmet Akif , Esen İsmail , Eroğlu Mustafa
Published: June 2024

This study explores a new nanoplate design's thermal and mechanical properties, including an auxetic core with a negative Poisson ratio. The core is between face plates made of barium–cobalt, which possess magnetoelectroelastic properties. The analysis centers on the parameters θ, β1, and β2 to clarify their influence on the nanoplate's performance. The evaluations of the nanoplate's thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties showcase its remarkable versatility and sensitivity. Incorporating magnetoelectroelastic face plates improves the multifunctionality of the nanoplate, making it a highly promising option for use in smart technologies. The findings offer valuable insights into the distinctive features of auxetic core structures, significantly enhancing the comprehension of these materials. This research emphasizes the potential for creating groundbreaking applications in fields like aerospace engineering and advanced electronics, where versatile and adaptable materials play a vital role. This study contributes to the broader knowledge of auxetic materials and their practical implementation in cutting‐edge technological solutions by exploring the interplay between thermal, mechanical, and magnetoelectroelastic properties.
Palladium Metallene‐Based Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion Applications
Authors: Chen Yaping , Zheng Xiaobo , Yang Yuyue , Wang Peiyu , Sun Wenping
Published: June 2024

Palladium (Pd)‐based catalysts are considered compelling alternatives to platinum (Pt)‐based counterparts in various electrocatalytic reactions. Recently, Pd metallene‐based nanomaterials have emerged as innovative materials for electrocatalysis, demonstrating unique functional properties and exceptional catalytic activity. This review aims to discuss recent research progress on Pd metallene‐based electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications, providing an overview of their design strategies and pivotal advantages. Seven pivotal construction strategies for Pd metallene‐based electrocatalysts, including defect engineering, interface engineering, strain effect, phase engineering, alloying effect, and doping effect, are meticulously introduced and comprehensively discussed, highlighting their critical roles in modulating the electronic structure and coordination environment. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives on the future directions of Pd metallene‐based electrocatalysts are provided.
Peptide‐Based Ammonium Halide with Inhibited Deprotonation Enabling Effective Interfacial Engineering for Highly Efficient and Stable FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Chong , Ma Luyao , Zhao Pengzhen , Yuan Li , Li Fengyuan , Fang Zhiyu , Chang Qing , Jia Ning , Guo Pengfei , Guo Fei , Liu Zhe , Chen Ruihao , Wang Hongqiang
Published: June 2024

Ammonium iodides are intensively investigated as effective interfacial passivation agents in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) while facing a major challenge of their high reactivity with perovskites that undermines the operational stability of the PSCs. Exemplified by involving rationally designed/selected peptide into the widely adopted phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI), the present work demonstrates that the bespoke peptide‐PEAI can effectively inhibit the deprotonation of ammonium iodides and thus hinder the formation of 2D perovskite, facilitating the stability enhancement in perovskite films by multi hydrogen bonding. The additional lone pair electrons provided by peptide molecules can also enhance the passivation ability of the modified layer. Attributed to the stable co‐modifier peptide‐PEAI, the small‐area FAPbI3‐based PSCs yield a high efficiency of 25.02% with robust light and thermal stabilities. Moreover, the peptide‐PEAI‐based minimodules with an efficiency of 19.06% for a total area of 36 cm2 manifested the great application potential of this co‐modification strategy in the perovskite photovoltaics.
Add an Extra Layer to Bring Lithium‐Ions Out of Disorder for Longevity of the Solid Full Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yangmingyue , Li Libo , Zhou Da , Yang Hang , Fan Shubo , Li Suo , Tong Hao , Qu Wenhua
Published: June 2024

In the current era of rapid development in the new energy vehicle industry, graphite (Gr) has gained significant attention as the primary anode material for commercial lithium‐ion batteries due to its exceptional reversibility in lithium‐ion insertion/extraction and abundant availability. In this study, a multifunctional ferroelectric Bi12TiO20@C (BIT@C) modified interlayer between Gr and polymer electrolyte (PE) is fabricated. This approach established a channel and homogeneous ion‐conducting network that facilitated lithium‐ion intercalation into Gr at the interface while suppressing erratic lithium precipitation, thereby stabilizing the structure of Gr. The uniform electric field generated by BIT intercalation enabled homogeneous intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions, effectively preventing the structural collapse of the Gr anode. Assembled LIBs exhibited reduced polarization and enhanced electrochemical properties attributed to facile charge transfer at the interface. The results revealed that Gr│carbon‐BIT@C‐lithium bistrifluoromethane sulfonimide (LiTFSI)/silicon dioxide (SiO2)/poly allyl acetoacetate (PAAA)/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF‐HFP))/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)│LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries achieved an initial discharge specific capacity of 120.4 mAh g−1 with stable performance over 1200 cycles at 2 C and room temperature (RT), maintaining a Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% after 1200 cycles. The ferroelectric‐modified interface addressed challenges associated with ion transport at the electrode‐electrolyte interface.
Spiderweb‐Shaped Iron‐Coordinated Polymeric Network as the Novel Coating on Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery Against Infectious Wounds
Authors: Fu Xinwei , Zhang Tao , Xia Chuanlan , Du Shan , Wang Bo , Pan Zhensen , Yu Yunlong , Xue Peng , Wang Bin , Kang Yuejun
Published: June 2024

Coated microneedles (CMNs) are a minimally invasive platform for immediate‐release transdermal drug delivery. However, the practical applications of CMNs have been significantly hindered by the challenges associated with complex formulations, single function, and limited drug loading capacity. This study has developed a spiderweb‐shaped iron‐coordinated polymeric nanowire network (Fe‐IDA NWs). The resulting Fe‐IDA NWs are endowed with a certain viscosity due to the synergy of multiple supramolecular interactions. This allows them to replace traditional polymeric thickeners as microneedle coatings. The Fe‐IDA NWs‐coated microneedles (Fe‐IDA MNs) display rapid disintegration in the skin model, which also enables the swift diffusion of Fe‐IDA NWs and their payloads into the deeper skin layers. Additionally, Fe‐IDA MNs exhibit desirable enzymatic activity and potential antibacterial ability. Thus, Fe‐IDA MNs can enhance the therapeutic efficacy against wound infection through synergistic effects, and avoid the overly complicated formulation and the release of nontherapeutic molecules of conventional CMNs. As a proof‐of‐concept, Fe‐IDA MNs loaded with chlorin e6 showed a synergistic chemodynamic‐photodynamic antibacterial effect in a methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐infected wound model in mice. Collectively, this work has significant implications for the future of CMNs‐based transdermal drug delivery systems and expands the application fields of metal coordination polymer (MCP) materials.
Enhancing Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence through Energy Transfer within a Chiral Polymer Host
Authors: Moreno‐Naranjo Juan Manuel , Furlan Francesco , Wang Jingxiang , Ryan Seán Timothy James , Matulaitis Tomas , Xu Zhiyu , Zhang Qianyi , Minion Louis , Di Girolamo Marta , Jávorfi Tamás , Siligardi Giuliano , Wade Jessica , Gasparini Nicola , Zysman‐Colman Eli , Fuchter Matthew John
Published: June 2024

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) that are able to emit high levels of circularly polarized (CP) light hold significant promise in numerous future technologies. Such devices require chiral emissive materials to enable CP electroluminescence. However, the vast majority of current OLED emitter classes, including the state‐of‐the‐art triplet‐harvesting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, produce very low levels of CP electroluminescence. Here a host–guest strategy that allows for energy transfer between a chiral polymer host and a representative chiral TADF emitter is showcased. Such a mechanism results in a large amplification of the circular polarization of the emitter. As such, this study presents a promising avenue to further boost the performance of circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diode devices, enabling their further development and eventual commercialization.
Hexacarbazolylbenzene: An Excellent Host Molecule Causing Strong Guest Molecular Orientation and the High‐Performance OLEDs
Authors: Madushani Bhagya , Mamada Masashi , Goushi Kenichi , Katagiri Hiroshi , Nakanotani Hajime , Hatakeyama Takuji , Adachi Chihaya
Published: June 2024

Hexacarbazolylbenzene (6CzPh), which is benzene substituted by six carbazole rings, is a simple and attractive compound. Despite the success of a wide variety of carbazole derivatives in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), 6CzPh has not received attention so far. Here, excellent performances of 6CzPh are revealed as a host material in OLEDs regarding conventional host materials. Various strategies are implemented to improve the performance of OLEDs, e.g., triplet utilization by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence emitters for maximizing internal quantum efficiency, and molecular orientation control for increasing outcoupling efficiency. The present host material is suited for both criteria. Robustness of the structure and sufficiently high triplet energy enables a high external quantum efficiency with a long device lifetime. Besides, the host material boosts the horizontal molecular orientations of several guest emitters. It is noteworthy that disk‐shaped 4CzIPN marks the complete horizontal molecular orientations (Θh = 100%, S = −0.50). These results provide an effective way of improving efficiencies without sacrificing device durability for future OLEDs.
Synergistic Integration of Hydrogen Peroxide Powered Valveless Micropumps and Membraneless Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mujtaba Jawayria , Kuzin Aleksei , Chen Guoxiang , Zhu Fenyang , Fedorov Fedor S. , Mohan Brij , Huang Gaoshan , Tolstoy Valeri , Kovalyuk Vadim , Goltsman Gregory N. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Zhao Shuangliang , Solovev Alexander A. , Mei Yongfeng
Published: June 2024

Catalytic valveless micropumps, and membraneless fuel cells are the class of devices that utilize the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. Nonetheless, a significant obstacle that endures within the discipline pertains to the pragmatic open circuit potential (OCP) of hydrogen peroxide FCs (H2O2FCs), which fails to meet the theoretical OCP. Additionally, bubble formation significantly contributes to this disparity, as it disrupts the electrolyte's uniformity and interferes with reaction dynamics. In addition, issues such as catalyst degradation and poor kinetics can impact the overall cell efficiency. The development of high‐performance H2O2‐FCs necessitates the incorporation of selective electrocatalysts with a high surface area. However, porous micro‐structures of the electrode impedes the transport of fuel and the removal of reaction byproducts, thereby hindering the attainment of technologically significant rates. To address these challenges, including bubble formation, the review highlights the potential of integrating electrokinetic and bubble‐driven micropumps. An alternative approach involves the spatiotemporal separation of fuel and oxidizer through the use of laminar flow‐based fuel cell (LFFC). The present review addresses multifaceted challenges of H2O2‐powered FCs, and proposes integration of electrokinetic and bubble‐driven micropumps, emphasizing the critical role of bubble management in improving H2O2 FC performance.
Thermosensitive Hydrogel PNIPAAm‐Alg‐PEDOT for Sustainable and Efficient Water Purification Powered by Solar Energy
Authors: Naranjo David , Paulo‐Mirasol Sofia , Lanzalaco Sonia , Armelin Elaine , García‐Torres José , Torras Juan
Published: June 2024

Unrestricted access to clean drinking water is essential for the well‐being of the global population, yet this necessary resource is not universally guaranteed, particularly amidst the escalating climate crisis that accentuates disparities across regions. Harnessing solar energy in conjunction with advanced synthetic solar absorbent hydrogels (SAHs) is increasingly recognized as a promising solution and a significant challenge in addressing the purification of brackish water sustainably. This work outlines the development of a SAH using the thermosensitive polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) in combination with alginate (Alg), enriched with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticles (NPs). Through solar evaporation tests using different conducting polymer (CP) concentrations, a discernible relationship between the ratio of free water to intermediate water (FW/IW) within the hydrogel structure and its performance is observed. The hydrogel's remarkable evaporation rate for synthetic seawater (2.82 kg m−2 h−1) aligns with the lowest FW/IW, which is directly related to a reduction in water vaporization enthalpy. Characterization of intermediate water enables easy adjustment of the optimal conductive polymer content within the hydrogel. This technology, based on thermosensitive materials, not only introduces innovative methodologies for designing and customizing functional composite materials but also aligns with global objectives by addressing challenges in sustainable drinking water supply without additional energy inputs.
Information‐Distilled Generative Label‐Free Morphological Profiling Encodes Cellular Heterogeneity
Authors: Lo Michelle C. K. , Siu Dickson M. D. , Lee Kelvin C. M. , Wong Justin S. J. , Yeung Maximus C. F. , Hsin Michael K. Y. , Ho James C. M. , Tsia Kevin K.
Published: June 2024

Image‐based cytometry faces challenges due to technical variations arising from different experimental batches and conditions, such as differences in instrument configurations or image acquisition protocols, impeding genuine biological interpretation of cell morphology. Existing solutions, often necessitating extensive pre‐existing data knowledge or control samples across batches, have proved limited, especially with complex cell image data. To overcome this, “Cyto‐Morphology Adversarial Distillation” (CytoMAD), a self‐supervised multi‐task learning strategy that distills biologically relevant cellular morphological information from batch variations, is introduced to enable integrated analysis across multiple data batches without complex data assumptions or extensive manual annotation. Unique to CytoMAD is its “morphology distillation”, symbiotically paired with deep‐learning image‐contrast translation—offering additional interpretable insights into label‐free cell morphology. The versatile efficacy of CytoMAD is demonstrated in augmenting the power of biophysical imaging cytometry. It allows integrated label‐free classification of human lung cancer cell types and accurately recapitulates their progressive drug responses, even when trained without the drug concentration information. CytoMAD  also allows joint analysis of tumor biophysical cellular heterogeneity, linked to epithelial‐mesenchymal plasticity, that standard fluorescence markers overlook. CytoMAD can substantiate the wide adoption of biophysical cytometry for cost‐effective diagnosis and screening.
Resistance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum) in Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Muluken , Fininsa Chemeda , Mohammed Abdi , Bekeko Zelalem
Published: June 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease reduces wheat yield and quality. This study was aimed to evaluate wheat varieties' responses to spray inoculation with Fusarium graminearum mixture isolates under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were laid out in a randomized completely block design with three replications using 24 bread wheat varieties registered in Ethiopia. The varieties inoculated with mixed inoculum derived from four pathogenic isolates of F. graminearum that had been isolated from wheat kernels. Disease severity was evaluated using a 1–9 scale based on the proportion of bleached spikelets, and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined from the disease severity data. At harvest, the kernel weight reduction was determined in comparison to the control. The evaluated traits were significantly interrelated and showed high and significant variation among (p < 0.0001) wheat varieties. Disease severity index among the varieties varied from 29% to 72%, while AUDPC varied from 326%‐ to 1010%‐days. The disease progress rate of the Kingbird variety inoculated with F. graminearum was the slowest (0.0191 units day−1), whereas Ogolcho had the fastest disease progression rate (0.0581 units day−1). Kingbird, Wane, and Limu were moderately resistant, with lower disease severity, AUDPC, and a reduction in 1000‐grain weight and grain weight per spike. Dereselgne, Dambal, and Ogolcho varieties were highly susceptible, with the greatest grain weight per spike reduction (53.2%, 41.4%, and 37.4%) and 1000‐grain weight reduction (41.5%, 42.8%, and 37.5%), respectively. The results implied that there were different levels of FHB resistance in Ethiopian bread wheat varieties. Although current greenhouse evaluation of varieties gives encouraging results, field testing is required to confirm the current findings.
What's luck got to do with it? A generative model for examining the role of stochasticity in age‐at‐death, with implications for bioarchaeology
Authors: Wyatt Bronwyn , Anderson Amy , Ward Stacey , Wilson Laura A. B.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The role of “luck” in determining individual exposure to health insults is a critical component of the processes that shape age‐at‐death distributions in mortality samples but is difficult to address using traditional bioarcheological analysis of skeletal materials. The present study introduces a computer simulation approach to modeling stochasticity's contribution to the mortality schedule of a simulated cohort.

Methods

The present study employs an agent‐based model of 15,100 individuals across a 120 year period to examine the predictive value of birth frailty on age‐at‐death when varying the likelihood of exposure to health insults.

Results

Birth frailty, when accounting for varying exposure likelihood scenarios, was found to account for 18.7% of the observed variation in individual age‐at‐death. Analysis stratified by exposure likelihood demonstrated that birth frailty alone explains 10.2%–12.1% of the variation observed across exposure likelihood scenarios, with the stochasticity associated with exposure to health insults (i.e., severity of health insult) and mortality likelihood driving the majority of variation observed.

Conclusions

Stochasticity of stressor exposure and intrinsic stressor severity are underappreciated but powerful drivers of mortality in this simulation. This study demonstrates the potential value of simulation modeling for bioarchaeological research.
How are early‐career dementia researchers considered and supported on a national level by dementia plans and organizations? An overview of global policy approaches
Authors: Karamacoska Diana , Heins Pascale , Branco Rita Maldonado , Wallcook Sarah , Truong Annie , Leung Isabella , Sawan Mouna , Page Zara Alana , Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , Arroyo‐Miranda Mirna L. , Demnitz Naiara , Folarin Royhaan , Guo Tengfei , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Smith Adam , Bartels Sara Laureen
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Despite representing an essential workforce, it is unclear how global policy efforts target early‐career dementia researchers (ECDRs). Thus, this study aimed to provide an overview of policies through which ECDRs are considered and supported by dementia plans and organizations.

METHODS

G20 member states were evaluated for their national dementia plan alongside policies of leading dementia organizations. Data targeting support for ECDRs were extracted and subject to content analysis using inductive coding. Findings were categorized and narratively synthesized.

RESULTS

Only China, Denmark, England, Greece, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Spain, and the United States mentioned ECDRs in their national plan. Additionally, 17 countries formalized ECDR support via dementia organizations. Support efforts included research funding, dissemination and networking, career development, and research advice.

DISCUSSION

Few nations formally recognized ECDRs in dementia plans or through dementia organizations. To facilitate equal prospects for ECDRs, top‐down approaches are urged to enhance and align their efforts.

Highlights

Few G20 countries (8/46) had national dementia plans for early‐career researchers.

Targeted support comes from government and nongovernmental dementia organizations.

Support includes funding, training, advice, research dissemination, and networking.

Inconsistent definitions and eligibility criteria are barriers to accessing support.

Global coordination and top‐down policy will aid early‐career dementia researchers.
Non‐hemorrhagic imaging markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in memory clinic patients
Authors: Costa Ana Sofia , Albrecht Milena , Reich Arno , Nikoubashman Omid , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin , Pinho João
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

The Boston criteria v2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) incorporated non‐hemorrhagic imaging markers. Their prevalence and significance in patients with cognitive impairment remain uncertain.

METHODS

We studied 622 memory clinic patients with available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Two raters assessed non‐hemorrhagic markers, and we explored their association with clinical characteristics through multivariate analyses.

RESULTS

Most patients had mild cognitive impairment; median age was 71 years and 50% were female. Using the v2.0 criteria, possible or probable CAA increased from 75 to 383 patients. Sixty‐eight percent of the sample had non‐hemorrhagic CAA markers, which were independently associated with age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.07), female sex (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.11–2.54), and hemorrhagic CAA markers (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.02–4.35).

DISCUSSION

Two‐thirds of patients from a memory clinic cohort had non‐hemorrhagic CAA markers, increasing the number of patients meeting the v2.0 CAA criteria. Longitudinal approaches should explore the implications of these markers, particularly the hemorrhagic risk in this population.

Highlights

The updated Boston criteria for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) now include non‐hemorrhagic markers.

The prevalence of non‐hemorrhagic CAA markers in memory clinic patients is unknown.

Two‐thirds of patients in our memory clinic presented non‐hemorrhagic CAA markers.

The presence of these markers was associated with age, female sex, and hemorrhagic CAA markers.

The hemorrhagic risk of patients presenting these type of markers remains unclear.
Unusual S=1 Four‐Coordinate Fe(IV) Complexes Supported by Bisamide Ligands: Syntheses, Characterization, and Electronic Structures
Authors: Zhang Bufan , Joyce Justin P. , Wolford Nikki J. , Brennessel William W. , DeBeer Serena , Neidig Michael L.
Published: June 2024

The catalytic relevance of Fe(IV) species in non‐heme iron catalysis has motivated synthetic advances in well‐defined five‐ and six‐coordinate Fe(IV) complexes for a better understanding of their fundamental electronic structures and reactivities. Herein, we report the syntheses of FeDipp2 and FeMes2, a pair of unusual four‐coordinate non‐heme formally Fe(IV) complexes with S=1 ground states supported by strongly donating bisamide ligands. By combining spectroscopic characterization and computational modeling, we found that small variations in ligand aryl substituents resulted in substantial changes in both structures and bonding. This work highlights the strong donor capabilities and modularity of the bisamide ligand set. More broadly, it is a critical contribution to the utilization of ligand design to modulate molecular geometries and electronic structures of low‐coordinate, high‐valent iron complexes.
Oxygen Functional Groups Regulate Cobalt‐Porphyrin Molecular Electrocatalyst for Acidic H2O2 Electrosynthesis at Industrial‐Level Current
Authors: Chen Yihe , Zhen Cheng , Chen Yubin , Zhao Hao , Wang Yuda , Yue Zhouying , Wang Qiansen , Li Jun , Gu M. Danny , Cheng Qingqing , Yang Hui
Published: June 2024

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) based on proton exchange membrane (PEM) reactor represents a promising approach to industrial‐level H2O2 production, while it is hampered by the lack of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts in acidic medium. Herein, we present a strategy for the specific oxygen functional group (OFG) regulation to promote the H2O2 selectivity up to 92 % in acid on cobalt‐porphyrin molecular assembled with reduced graphene oxide. In situ X‐ray adsorption spectroscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy combined with theoretical calculation unravel that different OFGs exert distinctive regulation effects on the electronic structure of Co center through either remote (carboxyl and epoxy) or vicinal (hydroxyl) interaction manners, thus leading to the opposite influences on the promotion in 2e− ORR selectivity. As a consequence, the PEM electrolyzer integrated with the optimized catalyst can continuously and stably produce the high‐concentration of ca. 7 wt % pure H2O2 aqueous solution at 400 mA cm−2 over 200 h with a cell voltage as low as ca. 2.1 V, suggesting the application potential in industrial‐scale H2O2 electrosynthesis.
Detection of Intrinsically Disordered Peptides by Biological Nanopore
Authors: He Pinyao , Wang Haiyan , Zhu Anqi , Zhang Zhenyu , Sha Jingjie , Ni Zhonghua , Chen Yunfei
Published: June 2024

Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) are pivotal in regulation of transcription and facilitation of signal transduction. Because of their multiple conformational states of structure, characterizing the highly flexible structures of IDPRs becomes challenging. Herein, we employed the wild‐type (WT) aerolysin nanopore as a real‐time biosensor for identification and monitoring of long peptides containing IDPRs. This sensor successfully identified three intrinsically disordered peptides, with the lengths up to 43 amino acids, by distinguishing the unique signatures of blockade current and duration time. The analysis of the binding constant revealed that interactions between the nanopore and peptides are critical for peptide translocation, which suggests that mechanisms beyond mere volume exclusion. Furthermore, we were able to compare the conformational stabilities of various IDPRs by examining the detailed current traces of blockade events. Our approach can detect the conformational changes of IDPR in a confined nanopore space. These insights broaden the understanding of peptide structural changes. The nanopore biosensor showed the potential to study the conformations change of IDPRs, IDPRs transmembrane interactions, and protein drug discovery.
Seven‐Coordinate Group 6 Metal Hydrides Obtained by H2 Activation at B(C6F5)3 Adducts of N2 Complexes: Frustrated Lewis Pair‐Type Reactivity of The B−N Linkage
Authors: Boegli Marie‐Christine , Coffinet Anaïs , Bijani Christian , Simonneau Antoine
Published: June 2024

The adducts 2M,R of general formula trans‐[(L)M{R2P(CH2)2PR2}2{N2B(C6F5)3}] (L=ø or N2, M=Mo or W, R=Et or Ph), formed from Lewis acid‐base pairing of B(C6F5)3 to a dinitrogen ligand of zero‐valent group 6 bis(phosphine) complexes trans‐[M{R2P(CH2)2PR2}2(N2)2] are shown to react with dihydrogen to afford hepta‐coordinated bis(hydride) complexes [M(H)2{R2P(CH2)2PR2}{N2B(C6F5)3}] 3M,R which feature the rare ability to activate both dinitrogen and dihydrogen at a single metal center, except in the case where M=Mo and R=Ph for which fast precipitation of insoluble [Mo(H)4(dppe)2] (dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) occurs. The frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)‐related reactivity of the B−N linkage in compounds 3W,R was explored and led to distal N functionalization without involvement of the hydride ligands. It is shown in one example that the resulting bis(hydride) diazenido compounds may also be obtained through a sequence involving first FLP‐type N‐functionalization followed by oxidative addition of H2. Those oily compounds were found to have limited stability in solution or in their isolated states. Finally, treatment of 3W,Et with the Lewis base N,N‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) affords the simple but unknown bis(hydride)‐dinitrogen species [W(H)2(depe)2(N2)] 11Et (depe=1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) which direct, selective formation from trans‐[W(N2)2(depe)2] is not possible.
A Conjugated Polymer‐Based Portable Smartphone Platform for Sensitive and Point‐Of‐Care Detection of Monoamine Neurotransmitter
Authors: Zehra Nehal , Malik Akhtar H. , Parui Retwik , Hussain Sameer , Krishnan Iyer Parameswar
Published: June 2024

The precise and effective detection of neurotransmitters (NTs) is crucial for clinical investigation of neuronal processes, and timely monitoring of NT‐related chronic diseases. However, sensitive detection of specific NT with unprecedented selectivity is highly challenging due to similarities in chemical and electronic structures of various interfering neurochemicals. Herein, an anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte Poly[(9,9‐bis(4’‐sulfonatobutyl)fluorene‐co‐alt‐1,4‐phenylene) sodium], PFPS was rationally designed and synthesized for amplified detection and point‐of‐care (PoC) determination of monoamine neurotransmitter, serotonin (5‐Hydroxy tryptamine or 5‐HT, also diagnostic biomarker of carcinoid tumor) in human blood plasma. The PFPS displayed a remarkable sensing response with an exceptionally high fluorescence quenching constant of 1.14×105 M−1 and an ultralow detection limit of 0.67 μM or 0.142 ppm, much below the clinical range. Furthermore, a smartphone‐enabled portable platform was constructed for real‐time onsite detection of 5‐HT by quantification of visual fluorescence response of PFPS into RGB values using a color recognizer android application. The smartphone platform could be readily applied for convenient, non‐invasive PoC testing of 5‐HT levels in complex biological fluids accurately and is expected to revolutionize clinical diagnosis and personalized health care devices.
Optimierung der 4D‐Modellierung durch die Anwendung von flexiblen Verknüpfungsregeln am Beispielprojekt „Weserquerung A281“
Authors: Tschickardt Thomas , Schuchhardt Nils , Oerter Nico
Published: June 2024

Die Implementierung der 4D‐Modellierung in Bauprojekten steht vor erheblichen Herausforderungen. In der Praxis erfolgt die Umsetzung größtenteils manuell oder mithilfe starrer regelbasierter Verknüpfungen, da Standards fehlen, wie diese Verknüpfungsregeln aufzubauen sind. Der Aufsatz widmet sich dieser Problematik und stellt die Anwendung von flexiblen Verknüpfungsregeln anhand eines Beispielprojekts vor. Die flexible 4D‐Modellierung zeichnet sich durch die Erstellung einer individuellen Kodierung für jeden Vorgang aus, um sämtliche Hierarchieebenen des Projekts zu berücksichtigen. Basierend auf einer gewerkeübergreifenden Projektinformationsstruktur erfolgt eine Filterung geometrischer Objekte im Hinblick auf jeden Vorgang. Das Ergebnis ist eine Auswahl geometrischer Objekte, die auf den jeweiligen Vorgang zugeschnitten ist und in einer flexiblen Wechselwirkung mit diesem steht. Die vorgestellte Methode von interdisziplinären und flexiblen Verknüpfungsregeln zur 4D‐Modellierung strebt an, die Effizienz und Genauigkeit in Bauprojekten zu steigern, indem unterschiedliche Disziplinen und Gewerke sowie deren spezifische Prozesse flexibel berücksichtigt werden können und gleichzeitig eine konsistente Datenstruktur gewährleistet ist. Dieser Ansatz kann dazu beitragen, die Planung und Durchführung von Bauprojekten zu optimieren und die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Projektbeteiligten zu fördern, indem auf Basis einer Projektinformationsstruktur die 4D‐Modellierung erfolgt.
Prevalence and prognosis of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α (HIF‐2α) pathway gene mutations across advanced solid tumors
Authors: Zhong Wenjun , Ma Jiemin , Chen Cai , Dettman E. J. , Cristescu Razvan , Naik Girish S. , Jin Fan , Shao Changxia
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α (HIF‐2α) modulates the hypoxic response pathway in tumors; however, mutations in pathways (including SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, FH, and VHL genes) that are suspected to activate HIF‐2α are poorly understood, with limited understanding of the prevalence and clinical prognosis.

Methods

This retrospective observational study used a de‐identified nationwide (US‐based) clinico‐genomic database (CGDB) across 15 available tumor types.

Results

Among the 9467 adult patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors included in the analysis, any mutation at the above‐mentioned six genes was observed in 1.8% (95% CI: 1.5–2.1) of patients. The mutation prevalence ranged from 0.05% of SDHD to 0.93% of VHL. When further stratified by tumor type, the prevalence of gene mutation in each tumor type was well below 1%, except for VHL with 44% in renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Excluding RCC, the prevalence of any HIF‐2α gene mutations in the study population was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.8–1.2). The median overall survival (OS) from 1 and 2 L therapy among patients with any HIF‐2α gene mutation was 14.5 (95% CI: 11.5–24.2) and 9.3 (95% CI: 6.0–18.1) months, respectively, compared with 13.4 (95% CI: 12.9–13.9) and 9.8 (95% CI: 9.3–10.4) months among patients without HIF‐2α gene mutations.

Discussion and Conclusions

The prevalence of HIF‐2α related gene mutations was generally low (<1%) across the 15 solid tumor types, except for VHL in RCC. No significant association between HIF‐2α gene mutation status and OS was identified among patients evaluated in this study.
Advances in research on factors affecting chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell efficacy
Authors: Zhou Delian , Zhu Xiaojian , Xiao Yi
Published: June 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy is becoming an effective technique for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. After analyzing patients with tumor progression and sustained remission after CAR‐T cell therapy, many factors were found to be associated with the efficacy of CAR‐T therapy. This paper reviews the factors affecting the effect of CAR‐T such as tumor characteristics, tumor microenvironment and immune function of patients, CAR‐T cell structure, construction method and in vivo expansion values, lymphodepletion chemotherapy, and previous treatment, and provides a preliminary outlook on the corresponding therapeutic strategies.