bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quranic Studies and the Literary Turn
Authors: Zadesh Travis
Published: September 2015

This review essay examines current trends in the field of Quranic studies, as expressed in recent introductory works on the Quran, which in turn reflect developments in more specialized publications. A prominent characteristic in this body of scholarship is an increased emphasis on approaching the Quran as a literary text, as conceived within the structures of textual criticism. Much of this work strives to bypass the autochthonous exegetical corpus developed by Muslim authorities and read the Quran on its own terms, as a text best situated within a sectarian milieu of late antiquity. Particular attention is given here to the configuration of literature as a secular category of analysis and the implications it bears for this growing field.
Văn khắ c Chămpa tại Ba̓ o tàng ̃ Điêu khắ c Chăm–Đà Nă ̃ ng. The Inscriptions of Campā at the Museum of Cham Sculpture in Đà Năng. By Arlo Griffiths, Amandine Lepoutre, William A. Southworth, and Thành Phn
Authors: Francis Emmanuel
Published: September 2015

Văn khắ c Chămpa tại Ba̓ o tàng ̃ Điêu khắ c Chăm–Đà Nă ̃ ng. The Inscriptions of Campā at the Museum of Cham Sculpture in Đà Năng. By Arlo Griffiths, Amandine Lepoutre, William A. Southworth, and Thành Phn. Published in collaboration between École française d’Extrême-Orient, Hanoi, and Center for Vietnamese and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University H̀ô Chí Minh City. H̀ô Chí Minh: VNUHCM Publishing House, 2012. Pp. 288, 67 pl., 38 photos. VND 170.000.
Rêves hittites: Contribution à une histoire et une anthropologie du rêve en Anatolie ancienne. By Alice Mouton
Authors: Beal Richard
Published: September 2015

Rêves hittites: Contribution à une histoire et une anthropologie du rêve en Anatolie ancienne. By Alice Mouton. Culture & History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 28. Leiden: Brill, 2007. Pp. xxix + 344. $125.
Genesis 1 as Ancient Cosmology. By John H. Walton
Authors: Tsumura David T.
Published: September 2015

Genesis 1 as Ancient Cosmology. By John H. Walton. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2011. Pp. xiii + 214. $34.50.
Pentateuch, Hexateuch, or Enneateuch? Identifying Literary Works in Genesis through Kings. Edited by Thomas B. Dozeman; Thomas Römer; and Konrad Schmid
Authors: Whisenant Jessica
Published: September 2015

Pentateuch, Hexateuch, or Enneateuch? Identifying Literary Works in Genesis through Kings. Edited by Thomas B. Dozeman; Thomas Römer; and Konrad Schmid. Ancient Israel and Its Literature, vol. 8. Atlanta: SociEty of BiBlical litERatuRE, 2011. Pp. x + 313. $39.95 (paper).
Israel in the Persian Period: The Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.E. By Erhard S. Gerstenberger, translated by Siegfried S. Schatzmann
Authors: Fried Lisbeth S.
Published: September 2015

Israel in the Persian Period: The Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.E. By Erhard S. Gerstenberger, translated by Siegfried S. Schatzmann. Biblical Encyclopedia, vol. 8. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011. Pp. xviii + 575. $65.95 (paper).
Judah and the Judeans in the Achaemenid Period: Negotiating Identity in an International Context. Edited by Oded Lipschits; Gary N. Knoppers; and Manfred Oeming
Authors: Jigoulov Vadim
Published: September 2015

Judah and the Judeans in the Achaemenid Period: Negotiating Identity in an International Context. Edited by Oded Lipschits; Gary N. Knoppers; and Manfred Oeming. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2011. Pp. xvi + 600, illus. $64.50.
Palace and Temple: 5th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology. Edited by Rolf Gundlach and Kate Spence
Authors: Eaton Katherine
Published: September 2015

Palace and Temple: 5th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology. Edited by Rolf Gundlach and Kate Spence. Königtum, Staat und Gesellschaft früher Hochkulturen, vol. 4,2. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. Pp. viii + 210, illus. €58 (paper).
Alexander Romance in Persia and the East. Edited by Richard Stoneman, Kyle Erickson, and Ian Netton
Authors: Kruk Remke
Published: September 2015

The Alexander Romance in Persia and the East. Edited by Richard Stoneman, Kyle Erickson, and Ian Netton. Ancient Narrative, vol. 15. Groningen: Barkhuis Publishing and Groningen University Library, 2012. Pp. xv + 416, illus. €95.40.
The Written Word in the Medieval Arabic Lands: A Social and Cultural History of Reading Practices. By Konrad Hirschler
Authors: Shamsy Ahmed El
Published: September 2015

The Written Word in the Medieval Arabic Lands: A Social and Cultural History of Reading Practices. By Konrad Hirschler. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012. Pp. vi + 234. £65, $105.
The Essentials of Ibāḍī Islam. By Valerie J. Hoffman
Authors: Francesca Ersilia
Published: September 2015

The Essentials of Ibāḍī Islam. By Valerie J. Hoffman. Modern Intellectual and Political History of the Middle East. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2012. Pp. xii + 344. $39.95.
Making of a New Rural Order in South China: I. Village, Land, and Lineage in Huizhou, 900– 1600. By Joseph P. McDermott
Authors: Lu Yonghua
Published: September 2015

The Making of a New Rural Order in South China: I. Village, Land, and Lineage in Huizhou, 900– 1600. By Joseph P. McDermott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xvi + 466. $99.00 (cloth).
Transient eddies in the MACDA Mars reanalysis
Authors: Mooring Todd A. , Wilson R. John
Published: September 2015

We present a survey of the transient eddy activity in the Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation (MACDA) reanalysis. The spatial structure and propagation characteristics of the eddies are emphasized. Band‐pass‐filtered variance and covariance fields are found to be zonally modulated, indicating a longitude dependence of the typical amplitudes of Martian transient eddies. Considerable repeatability of the eddy field spatial structures is found across Mars years, including a roughly wave number 3 pattern of low‐level eddy meridional temperature transport
in the northern hemisphere that is evident before and after winter solstice and a possible tendency for northern hemisphere eddy kinetic energy maxima to be located above low‐lying areas. Southern hemisphere eddy fields tend to feature two local maxima, one roughly south of Tharsis and the other associated with Hellas. Eddies are weakened near winter solstice in both hemispheres and were generally weakened in the northern hemisphere during the 2001 (Mars year 25) global dust storm, albeit with little change in spatial patterns. Because the transient eddies propagate in space, we also used a teleconnection map‐based technique to estimate their phase velocities. Eddy propagation at the surface is found to follow topography, a phenomenon less evident at higher altitude. Possible physical mechanisms underlying the documented eddy phenomena are discussed.
Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of an Mg–Zn–Ca Alloy Using High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Kulyasova Olga B. , Islamgaliev Rinat K. , Zhao Yonghao , Valiev Ruslan Z.
Published: September 2015

The structure and properties of an Mg–Zn–Ca alloy processed by high‐pressure torsion (HPT) are investigated. Microstructure is studied by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. An enhanced microhardness of 990 MPa is observed in the HPT‐processed samples due to an uniform microstructure with a grain size of 150 nm. After additional annealing at 200 °C, the ultrafine‐grained alloy demonstrates an ultimate tensile strength of 270 MPa with a ductility of 9%.
Identifying binding hot spots on protein surfaces by mixed‐solvent molecular dynamics: HIV‐1 protease as a test case
Authors: Ung Peter M. U. , Ghanakota Phani , Graham Sarah E. , Lexa Katrina W. , Carlson Heather A.
Published: September 2015

Mixed‐solvent molecular dynamics (MixMD) simulations use full protein flexibility and competition between water and small organic probes to achieve accurate hot‐spot mapping on protein surfaces. In this study, we improved MixMD using human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 protease (HIVp) as the test case. We used three probe–water solutions (acetonitrile–water, isopropanol–water, and pyrimidine–water), first at 50% w/w concentration and later at 5% v/v. Paradoxically, better mapping was achieved by using fewer probes; 5% simulations gave a superior signal‐to‐noise ratio and far fewer spurious hot spots than 50% MixMD. Furthermore, very intense and well‐defined probe occupancies were observed in the catalytic site and potential allosteric sites that have been confirmed experimentally. The Eye site, an allosteric site underneath the flap of HIVp, has been confirmed by the presence of a 5‐nitroindole fragment in a crystal structure. MixMD also mapped two additional hot spots: the Exo site (between the Gly16‐Gly17 and Cys67‐Gly68 loops) and the Face site (between Glu21‐Ala22 and Val84‐Ile85 loops). The Exo site was observed to overlap with crystallographic additives such as acetate and dimethyl sulfoxide that are present in different crystal forms of the protein. Analysis of crystal structures of HIVp in different symmetry groups has shown that some surface sites are common interfaces for crystal contacts, which means that they are surfaces that are relatively easy to desolvate and complement with organic molecules. MixMD should identify these sites; in fact, their occupancy values help establish a solid cut‐off where “druggable” sites are required to have higher occupancies than the crystal‐packing faces. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 21–34, 2016.
Factors influencing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction following a mitral valve‐in‐valve or valve‐in‐ring procedure, part 1
Authors: Bapat Vinnie , Pirone Francesco , Kapetanakis Stam , Rajani Ronak , Niederer Steven
Published: September 2015

Objectives

To determine the factors influencing left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) area reduction after a mitral valve‐in‐valve (VIV) or a valve‐in‐ring (VIR) procedure.

Background

Transcatheter heart valves (THVs) are increasingly used in performing a VIV or a VIR procedure in high‐risk patients. Although less invasive, a potential complication is LVOT obstruction. However, the factors predisposing to LVOT obstruction are ill defined.

Methods and Results

To understand the effects of the various factors, the study was carried out in three parts: To understand the effect of VIV and VIR on reduction in LVOT area with special attention to different surgical heart valve (SHV) orientations and depth of THV implant. This was carried out in porcine and cadaver hearts. To quantify aorto–mitral–annular (AMA) angle in 20 patients with or without mitral disease and to derive a static computational model to predict LVOT obstruction. To study the effect of SHV design on LVOT obstruction after VIV. This was carried out as a bench test.

LVOT area reduction was similar after VIV irrespective of orientation of the mitral SHV implantation as it pinned open the SHV leaflets. Similar effect was seen after VIR. The degree of LVOT obstruction was partly determined by AMAangle and was inversely proportional. SHV design, ring design, and depth of SPAIEN XT implantation also had effect on LVOT obstruction.

Conclusions

A possibility of LVOT obstruction should be considered when performing a VIV and VIR procedure. Type of SHV, flexible ring, less obtuse AMA angle, and depth of SAPIEN XT implant can influence the risk. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold: A novel, fully resorbable drug‐eluting stent: Current concepts and overview of clinical evidence
Authors: Rizik David G. , Hermiller James B. , Kereiakes Dean J.
Published: September 2015

The advent of fully bioresorbable stent technology and specifically the ABSORB™, a bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) stent, is heralded as breakthrough technology in the current era of percutaneous coronary interventions. This article reviews the current understanding of this technology along with the clinical evidence from trials and registries of ABSORB BVS that included patients with both simple as well as more complex “real‐world” coronary lesions. In addition, considering the current limitations of this device—mostly associated with the mechanical properties of the polymeric scaffold structure—a review of guidelines on successful implantation of the ABSORB BVS is presented. Although expert feedback suggests extensive use of this device in routine clinical practice outside the United States despite a paucity of data on long‐term safety in this setting, attention to procedural details and implantation technique is obligatory to achieve optimal clinical outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TAVR in patients with severe aortic stenosis and less than high risk: Future or present reality?
Authors: Jatene Tannas , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: September 2015

Key points

TAVR use is growing in patients with less than high surgical risk.

Several registries, including this one, show excellent safety with TAVR in intermediate‐risk patients compared with similar patients undergoing SAVR.

Long‐term data from ongoing randomized trials will answer definitively if we should routinely perform TAVR in intermediate‐risk patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkali Metal Suboxometalates — Structural Chemistry Between Salts and Metals.
Authors: Woersching Matthias , Hoch Constantin
Published: September 2015

The new cesium‐poor suboxometalates Cs10MO5 (M: Al, Ga, Fe) showing both ionic and metallic bonding are synthesized from mixtures of Cs, M2O3, and Cs2O in the ratio 6:1:7 (Ta crucible, 250—320 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Charge Disproportionation of the Unusual High Valence State Fe4+ in a Layered Double Perovskite.
Authors: Hosaka Yoshiteru , Ichikawa Noriya , Saito Takashi , Manuel Pascal , Khalyavin Dmitry , Attfield J. Paul , Shimakawa Yuichi
Published: September 2015

Polycrystalline samples of Ca2FeMnO6 are prepared by oxidation of the brownmillerite Ca2FeMnO5 with O3 (200 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Double Phosphates MIMIIPO4 (MI: Na, K; MII: Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) — Synthesis from Chloride Melts and Characterization.
Authors: Livitska Oksana V. , Strutynska Nataliia Yu. , Zatovsky Igor V. , Slobodyanik Nikolay S.
Published: September 2015

Interactions in the systems MIPO3—MIIO (or Mn2O3)—MICl (MI: Na, K; MII: Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) are investigated at molar ratios P/Mx = 1 or 2, and MICl/(MIPO3 + MIIO) = 30 (porcelain crucibles, 1073 K, 3—5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Dimensional Reduction from 2D Layer to 1D Band for Germanophosphates Induced by the “Tailor Effect” of Fluoride.
Authors: Huang Chun‐Zuo , Liu Biao , Wen Lei , Zhuang Rong‐Chuan , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Pan Yuanming , Mi Jin‐Xiao , Huang Ya‐Xi
Published: September 2015

Compounds (IV), (VII), (IX), and (X) are synthesized by an unconventional hydrothermal route and structurally characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Lead Borate of NaPb4(H2O) (B5O9)2·BO3 with Nonlinear Optical Property.
Authors: Huang Guang , Pan Rui , He Huan , Yang Bai‐Feng , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: September 2015

Colorless transparent needle crystals of the new title compound are solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of H3BO3, Pb(OAc)2, NaOAc, DMF, and H2O with a molar ratio of 10:1:2:50:220 (autoclave, 170 °C, 5 d, 64% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfluoroethoxy Derivatives of Malonic Aldehyde Acetal in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Sokolenko Taras M. , Davydova Yulia A. , Yagupolskii Yurii L.
Published: September 2015

Polyfluoroethoxy derivatives of malonic aldehyde acetal (III) are synthesized and shown to be useful building blocks for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Succinimides from Enals and α‐Ketoamides.
Authors: Wang Lei , Ni Qijian , Bluemel Marcus , Shu Tao , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: September 2015

An asymmetric NHC‐catalyzed formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with α‐ketoamides is developed to yield functionalized succinimides (III) and (V) with good diastereo‐ and excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of anti‐3‐Hydroxy‐2‐trifluoromethyl Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Otoo Barnabas , Chanda Prem B.
Published: September 2015

The reaction is based on the anti‐stereoselective enolboration‐aldolisation of 3,3,3‐trifluoropropanoic acid with aryl or alkylaldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Free One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Ketoamides from Terminal Alkenes.
Authors: Dutta Sayan , Kotha Surya Srinivas , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: September 2015

A practical synthesis of α‐ketoamides is accomplished by oxidation of styrenes with a mixture of iodine and IBX and subsequent one‐pot coupling with cyclic secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Addition‐Type Alkenylation of Unactivated, Aliphatic C—H Bonds with Alkynes: A Concise Route to Polysubstituted γ‐Butyrolactones.
Authors: Li Mingliang , Yang Yudong , Zhou Danni , Wan Danyang , You Jingsong
Published: September 2015

The β‐C(sp3)—H bonds of aliphatic amides containing a quinolinyl group [e.g. (I)] are activated by nickel through a chelation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Carbamoyl Radical Based Dearomatizing Spiroacylation Process.
Authors: Millan‐Ortiz Alejandra , Lopez‐Valdez German , Cortez‐Guzman Fernando , Miranda Luis D.
Published: September 2015

Xanthates (I), (III), and (V) are transformed into the corresponding spiro compounds (II), (IV), and (VI), resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylic MIDA Boronates: New Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Aza‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Llona‐Minguez Sabin , Desroses Matthieu , Ghassemian Artin , Jacques Sylvain A. , Eriksson Lars , Isacksson Rebecka , Koolmeister Tobias , Stenmark Paal , Scobie Martin , Helleday Thomas
Published: September 2015

Starting from o‐nitro‐aryl and ‐heteroaryl halides a two‐step sequence of Suzuki coupling and Cadogan—Sundberg cyclization yields indoles and pyrrolo‐annelated heteroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Origin of Carboxylate Migration Selectivity in Rh2(II)‐Catalyzed N‐Heterocycle Formation from Trisubstituted Styryl Azides.
Authors: Kong Chen , Su Naijing , Zhou Fei , Jana Navendu , Driver Tom G.
Published: September 2015

Exposure of trisubstituted styryl azides (I), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) to Rh2(II)‐carboxylate catalyst triggers a tandem 4π‐electron‐5‐atom electrocyclization‐migration reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Heterocycles Containing Both Chroman and Pyrazolone Derivatives Catalyzed by a Chiral Squaramide.
Authors: Li Jun‐Hua , Du Da‐Ming
Published: September 2015

A squaramide‐catalyzed diastereoselective and enantioselective Michael addition of pyrazolin‐5‐ones to 3‐nitro‐2H‐chromenes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Regioselective Asymmetric Michael Addition of Azlactones to O‐Hydroxy Chalcone Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Shao‐Yun , Ruan Gui‐Yu , Geng Zhi‐Cong , Li Nai‐Kai , Lv Ming , Wang Yong , Wang Xing‐Wang
Published: September 2015

The regioselective asymmetric Michael addition of azlactones to o‐hydroxy chalcone derivatives proceeds with complete C‐2 regioselectivity by using quinine derived bifunctional thiourea tertiary amine as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Oxytrifluoromethylation of Propargyl Amides for the Construction of Oxazolines.
Authors: Wang Yanan , Jiang Min , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: September 2015

By changing the copper catalyst and reaction conditions, E or Z isomers are formed exclusively in the reaction of α,α‐dimethylpropargylamides (I), (V), and (VIII) with Togni reagent (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Preparation of 5‐Acylidene and 5‐Imino Substituted Rhodanine Derivatives and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities.
Authors: Uengoeren Sevket Hakan , Albayrak Sevil , Guenay Ahmet , Yurtseven Lutfiye , Yurttas Nurguel
Published: September 2015

Wittig reaction of 4,5‐thiazolidinediones and phosphoranes affords a series of 1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives (32 samples) regio‐ and diastereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free C‐3 Arylation of Quinoline‐4‐ones with Arylhydrazines.
Authors: Ravi Makthala , Chauhan Parul , Kant Ruchir , Shukla Sanjeev K. , Yadav Prem. P.
Published: September 2015

Arylhydrazines are used as aryl radical sources and air as oxidant in the mild procedure which does not require any prefunctionalization or N‐protection of the starting quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles via Cascade Pd‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination/Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: White Derick R. , Wolfe John P.
Published: September 2015

Various amine substrates are treated with bromodienes in the presence of PHOS ligands (I)‐(III).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactions of 4‐Iodobutyl Pinacolborate. Synthesis of Substituted Alkyl and Aryl Pinacolboronates via 4‐Iodobutyl Pinacolborate Utilizing Tetrahydrofuran as the Leaving Group.
Authors: Murphy Chris L. , Hall Aaron , Roberts Emily J. , Ryan Matthew D. , Clary Jacob W. , Singaram Bakthan
Published: September 2015

The mild method offers significant improvement compared to previous procedures in terms of operational simplicity as well as costs and environmental impact of the reagents used.
ChemInform Abstract: LiOOt‐Bu as a Terminal Oxidant in a Titanium Alkoxide‐Mediated [2 + 2 + 2] Reaction Cascade.
Authors: Kim Wan Shin , Aquino Claudio , Mizoguchi Haruki , Micalizio Glenn C.
Published: September 2015

Termination of the Ti(OiPr)4‐promoted [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of internal alkynes and enynes of type (II) with LiOOtBu is examined to yield angularly substituted hydrindanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: BuLi‐Triggered phospha‐Brook Rearrangement: Efficient Synthesis of Organophosphates from Ketones and Aldehydes.
Authors: Pallikonda Gangaram , Santosh Ranga , Ghosal Subhas , Chakravarty Manab
Published: September 2015

BuLi promoted mild reactions of activated/unactivated ketones and aldehydes with diethyl phosphite give aromatic and allylic phosphates in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Strongylophorines, Meroditerpenoids from the Marine Sponge Petrosia corticata, Function as Proteasome Inhibitors
Authors: Noda Ai , Sakai Eriko , Kato Hikaru , Losung Fitje , Mangindaan Remy E. P. , de Voogd Nicole J. , Yokosawa Hideyoshi , Tsukamoto Sachiko
Published: September 2015

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues with Five‐Membered Heterocyclic Nucleobases.
Authors: Cho Jong hyun , Coats Steven J. , Schinazi Raymond F.
Published: September 2015

Pyrazole amide (IV) shows modest anti‐HIV‐1 activity (EC50=24 μM).
ChemInform Abstract: Interactions of Nitrosoalkanes/Arenes, Nitrosamines, Nitrosothiols, and Alkyl Nitrites with Metals
Authors: Xu Nan , Richter‐Addo George B.
Published: September 2015

Review: 320 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adduct Derivatives (MBHADs): Versatile Reactivity in Lewis Base‐Promoted Annulation
Authors: Xie Peizhong , Huang You
Published: September 2015

Review: [50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyol Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Status and Options Regarding Metals, Oxides, Chalcogenides, and Non‐Metal Elements
Authors: Dong H. , Chen Y.‐C. , Feldmann C.
Published: September 2015

Review: [180 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds Using α‐Fluorine‐Substituted Silicon Reagents
Authors: Dilman Alexander D. , Levin Vitalij V.
Published: September 2015

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unraveling the Structural Features of Organic Aerosols by NMR Spectroscopy: A Review
Authors: Duarte Regina M. B. O. , Duarte Armando C.
Published: September 2015

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structural Use of Carbostyril in Physiologically Active Substances
Authors: Tashima Toshihiko
Published: September 2015

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tellurophenes and Their Emergence as Building Blocks for Polymeric and Light‐Emitting Materials
Authors: Rivard Eric
Published: September 2015

Review: [38 refs.
Elektrochemisches Verhalten von Elektrodenmaterialien in Schmelzen von Kalk‐Natron‐Silicatgläsern
Authors: Finkenberger Johannes , Deinhardt Anika , Kron Johanna , Kilo Martin , Ballweg Thomas , Meinhardt Jürgen
Published: September 2015

Die elektrochemische Stabilität von verschiedenen Elektrodenmaterialien, die zur Entfernung von Eisen aus Kalk‐Natron‐Glasschmelzen verwendet werden sollen, wurde untersucht. Als Elektrodenmaterialien wurden Kohlenstoff, Molybdän, Platin und Zinnoxid eingesetzt. Die Untersuchungen wurden bei einer Temperatur von 1400 °C unter realitätsnahen Bedingungen, d.h. bei Atmosphäre mit einem Sauerstoffpartialdruck, ähnlich wie in einer Glaswanne, durchgeführt. Nach verschiedenen Reaktionsdauern wurden die Elektroden sowie die Grenzfläche zum Glas mittels visueller Inspektion sowie REM/EDX charakterisiert.
Tunneling and Parity Violation in Trisulfane (HSSSH): An Almost Ideal Molecule for Detecting Parity Violation in Chiral Molecules
Authors: Fábri Csaba , Horný Ľuboš , Quack Martin
Published: September 2015

Measuring the parity‐violating energy difference ΔpvE between the enantiomers of chiral molecules is a major challenge of current physical‐chemical stereochemistry. An important step towards this goal is to identify suitable molecules for such experiments by means of theory. This step has been made by calculations for the complex dynamics of tunneling and electroweak quantum chemistry of parity violation in the “classic” molecule trisulfane, HSSSH, which satisfies the relevant conditions for experiments almost ideally, as the molecule is comparatively simple and parity violation clearly dominates over tunneling in the ground state. At the same time, the barrier for stereomutation is easily overcome by the S−H infrared chromophore.
Determination of serum brassicasterol in spontaneously hypertensive rats stroke‐prone fed a high‐ergosterol diet by ultra performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ohtsubo Takaaki , Kageyama Ryo , Koseki Yuji , Hagi Junya , Kotani Akira , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Kusu Fumiyo , Miura Tsuyoshi , Hakamata Hideki
Published: September 2015

A method for the determination of ergosterol, brassicasterol, and cholesterol has been developed by ultra performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC‐UV). Using an ODS column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile‐water (95:5, v/v), we found that the peak area was linearly related to the amount of sterols injected, ranging from 1.5 to 100 μmol/L (r ≥ 0.998), except for cholesterol (2.5–400 μmol/L). Repeated injection showed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) at 50 μmol/L of sterols was less than 7.1% (intra‐day,n = 6) and 13% (inter‐day,n = 3). Ergosterol and brassicasterol in rat serum spiked at four concentration levels (16, 25, 100, 250 μmol/L) was determined by the internal standard (IS) method using campesterol as an IS with the recovery of more than 88.8% and the RSD (n = 5) of less than 12.5%.

Practical applications: This method has been applied to determine the serum ergosterol and brassicasterol concentration in spontaneously hypertensive rats stroke‐prone (SHRSP rats) fed a high‐ergosterol diet containing 1% ergosterol. The results indicate that no apparent peak for ergosterol was observed, whereas the serum brassicasterol concentration was increased by the ergosterol‐feeding. Brassicasterol was confirmed by electrospray ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization to picolinyl esters. In addition, brassicasterol‐d1was detected after oral administration of ergosterol‐d1to SHRSP rats by ion‐trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Because SHRSP rats are known as an experimental animal model of phytosterolemia, it has been expected that ergosterol is absorbed and converted to brassicasterol. In summary, the current method provides an experimental tool to help understand ergosterol absorption and metabolism.

A method for the determination of ergosterol, brassicasterol, and cholesterol has been developed by UPLC‐UV. We found that a high‐ergosterol diet induces the elevation of serum brassicasterol in SHRSP rats.
Synthesis of Benzophenone Nucleosides and Their Photocatalytic Evaluation for [2+2] Cycloaddition in Aqueous Media
Authors: Gaß Nadine , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: September 2015

Four benzophenone nucleosides that are para‐substituted (–NH2, –NMe2, –OMe, and –Me) in relation to the carbonyl group were synthesized and characterized by their optical properties. The electron‐donating character of the substituents influenced the optical properties of these nucleosides, especially the bathochromic shift of the charge‐transfer band in their UV/Vis absorption spectra. The solubility of the synthetic nucleosides in aqueous solution allowed for a photocatalytic intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of a quinolone substrate to take place in H2O/MeCN by irradiating the mixture with 365 nm light‐emitting diode (LED) lamps. The MeO‐ and Me‐substituted benzophenone nucleosides were subjected to these reaction conditions in substoichiometric amounts. After prolonged irradiation times, substrate conversions competed with product decomposition. On the basis of our results, we determined that the Me‐substituted benzophenone nucleoside has potential applications in the development of photocatalytically active DNAzymes for both in vivo applications in chemical biology and enantioselective photocatalysis in aqueous solutions.
Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticle Doped MnO2/GO Nanocomposites at a Gas/Liquid Interface and its Application in H2O2 Detection
Authors: Zhang Jian , Rao Dejiang , Zheng Jianbin
Published: September 2015

Ag/MnO2/GO nanocomposites were synthesized via the method of gas/liquid interface based on silver mirror reaction, and a non‐enzymatic H2O2 sensor was fabricated through immobilizing Ag/MnO2/GO nanocomposites on GCE. The composition and morphology of the nanocomposites were studied by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical investigation indicated that it exhibited a favorable performance for the H2O2 detection. Its linear detection range was from 3 μM to 7 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9960; the sensitivity was 105.40 μA mM−1 cm−2 and the detection limit was estimated to be 0.7 μM at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3.
Sweet orosensation induces Arc expression in dorsal hippocampal CA1 neurons in an Experience‐dependent manner
Authors: Henderson Yoko O. , Nalloor Rebecca , Vazdarjanova Almira , Parent Marise B.
Published: September 2015

There is limited knowledge regarding how the brain controls the timing of meals. Similarly, there is a large gap in our understanding of how top‐down cognitive processes, such as memory influence energy intake. We hypothesize that dorsal hippocampal (dHC) neurons, which are critical for episodic memory, form a memory of a meal and inhibit meal onset during the postprandial period. In support, we showed previously that reversible inactivation of these neurons during the period following a sucrose meal accelerates the onset of the next meal. If dHC neurons form a memory of a meal, then consumption should induce synaptic plasticity in dHC neurons. To test this, we determined (1) whether a sucrose meal increases the expression of the synaptic plasticity marker activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein (Arc) in dHC CA1 neurons, (2) whether previous experience with sucrose influences sucrose‐induced Arc expression, and (3) whether the orosensory stimulation produced by the noncaloric sweetener saccharin is sufficient to induce Arc expression. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were trained to consume a sweetened solution at a scheduled time daily. On the experimental day, they were given a solution for 7 min, euthanized, and then fluorescence in situ hybridization procedures were used to measure meal‐induced Arc mRNA. Compared to caged control rats, Arc expression was significantly higher in rats that consumed sucrose or saccharin. Interestingly, rats given additional experience with sucrose had less Arc expression than rats with less sucrose experience, even though both groups consumed similar amounts on the experimental day. Thus, this study is the first to suggest that orosensory stimulation produced by consuming a sweetened solution and possibly the hedonic value of that sweet stimulation induces synaptic plasticity in dHC CA1 neurons in an experience‐dependent manner. Collectively, these findings are consistent with our hypothesis that dHC neurons form a memory of a meal. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid memory stabilization by transient theta coherence in the human medial temporal lobe
Authors: Thézé Raphaël , Guggisberg Adrian G. , Nahum Louis , Schnider Armin
Published: September 2015

Presenting stimuli again after presentation of intervening stimuli improves their retention, an effect known as the spacing effect. However, using event‐related potentials (ERPs), we had observed that immediate, in comparison to spaced, repetition of pictures induced a positive frontal potential at 200–300 ms. This potential appeared to emanate from the left medial temporal lobe (MTL), a structure critical for memory consolidation. In this study, we tested the behavioral relevance of this signal and explored functional connectivity changes during picture repetition. We obtained high‐density electroencephalographic recordings from 14 healthy subjects performing a continuous recognition task where pictures were either repeated immediately or after 9 intervening items. Conventional ERP analysis replicated the positive frontal potential emanating from the left MTL at 250–350 ms in response to immediately repeated stimuli. Connectivity analysis showed that this ERP was associated with increased coherence in the MTL region—left more that right—in the theta‐band (3.5–7 Hz) 200–400 ms following immediate, but not spaced, repetition. This increase was stronger in subjects who better recognized immediately repeated stimuli after 30 min. These findings indicate that transient theta‐band synchronization between the MTL and the rest of the brain at 200–400 ms reflects a memory stabilizing signal. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal growth and subsequent maternal risk of thyroid cancer
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Sieh Weiva , Winkleby Marilyn A. , Sundquist Kristina
Published: September 2015

Thyroid cancer has peak incidence among women of reproductive age, and growth factors, which have procarcinogenic properties, may play an important etiologic role. However, the association between fetal growth rate during a woman's pregnancy and her subsequent risk of thyroid cancer has not been previously examined. We conducted a national cohort study of 1,837,634 mothers who had a total of 3,588,497 live‐births in Sweden in 1973–2008, followed up for thyroid cancer incidence through 2009. There were 2,202 mothers subsequently diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 36.8 million person‐years of follow‐up. After adjusting for maternal age, height, weight, smoking, and sociodemographic factors, high fetal growth (birth weight standardized for gestational age and sex) was associated with a subsequent increased risk of thyroid cancer in the mother (incidence rate ratio [IRR] per additional 1 standard deviation, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.09; p = 0.02). Each 1,000 g increase in the infant's birth weight was associated with a 13% increase in the mother's subsequent risk of thyroid cancer (IRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05–1.22; p = 0.001). These findings appeared to involve both papillary and follicular subtypes, and did not vary significantly by the mother's height, weight or smoking status. In this large national cohort study, high fetal growth during a woman's pregnancy was independently associated with a subsequent increased risk of her developing thyroid cancer. If confirmed, these findings suggest an important role of maternal growth factors in the development of thyroid cancer, and potentially may help facilitate the identification of high‐risk subgroups of women.
Alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer by molecular subtype: Prospective analysis of the nurses' health study after 26 years of follow‐up
Authors: Hirko Kelly A. , Chen Wendy Y. , Willett Walter C. , Rosner Bernard A. , Hankinson Susan E. , Beck Andrew H. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Eliassen A. Heather
Published: September 2015

Alcohol consumption is a consistent risk factor for breast cancer, although it is unclear whether the association varies by breast cancer molecular subtype. We investigated associations between cumulative average alcohol intake and risk of breast cancer by molecular subtype among 105,972 women in the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohort, followed from 1980 to 2006. Breast cancer molecular subtypes were defined according to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), cytokeratin 5/6, and epidermal growth factor status from immunostained tumor microarrays in combination with histologic grade. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Competing risk analyses were used to assess heterogeneity by subtype. We observed suggestive heterogeneity in associations between alcohol and breast cancer by subtype (phet = 0.06). Alcohol consumers had an increased risk of luminal A breast cancers [n = 1,628 cases, per 10 g/day increment HR (95%CI) = 1.10(1.05–1.15)], and an increased risk that was suggestively stronger for HER2‐type breast cancer [n = 160 cases, HR (95%CI) = 1.16(1.02–1.33)]. We did not observe statistically significant associations between alcohol and risk of luminal B [n = 631 cases, HR (95%CI) = 1.08(0.99–1.16)], basal‐like [n = 254 cases, HR (95%CI) = 0.90(0.77–1.04)], or unclassified [n = 87 cases, HR (95%CI) = 0.90(0.71–1.14)] breast cancer. Alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk of luminal A and HER2‐type breast cancer, but not significantly associated with other subtypes. Given that ERs are expressed in luminal A but not in HER2‐type tumors, our findings suggest that other mechanisms may play a role in the association between alcohol and breast cancer.
Effect of collagen‐glycosaminoglycan scaffold pore size on matrix mineralization and cellular behavior in different cell types
Authors: Murphy Ciara M. , Duffy Garry P. , Schindeler Aaron , O'brien Fergal J.
Published: September 2015

We have previously examined osteoblast behavior on porous collagen‐glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds with a range of mean pore sizes demonstrating superior cell attachment and migration in scaffolds with the largest pores (325 μm). Scaffolds provide a framework for construct development; therefore, it is crucial to identify the optimal pore size for augmented tissue formation. Utilizing the same range of scaffolds (85 μm – 325 μm), this study aimed to examine the effects of mean pore size on subsequent osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization, and to understand the mechanism by which pore size influences behavior of different cell types. Consequently, primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were assessed and their behavior compared to osteoblasts. Results demonstrated that scaffolds with the largest pore size (325 μm) facilitated improved osteoblast infiltration, earlier expression of mature bone markers osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN), and increased mineralization. MSCs responded similarly to osteoblasts whereby cell attachment and scaffold infiltration improved with increasing pore size. However, MSCs showed reduced cell motility, proliferation, and scaffold infiltration compared to osteoblasts. This was associated with differences in the profile of integrin subunits (α2) and collagen receptors (CD44), indicating that osteoblasts have a stronger affinity for CG scaffolds compared to MSCs. In summary, these results reveal how larger pores promote improved cell infiltration, essential for construct development, however the optimal scaffold pore size can be cell type specific. As such, this study highlights a necessity to tailor both scaffold micro‐architecture and cell‐type when designing constructs for successful bone tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 291–304, 2016.
Preparation and characterization of directed, one‐day‐self‐assembled millimeter‐size spheroids of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Iwai Ryosuke , Nemoto Yasushi , Nakayama Yasuhide
Published: September 2015

Three‐dimensional cell spheroids prepared without using any artificial scaffold materials are desirable for cell‐based transplants. However, conventional cell culture systems are inefficient for rapid, large‐scale and non‐cytotoxic generation of size‐controlled spheroids (>1 mm diameter) that are required for tissue regenerative therapy application. In this study, we prepared millimeter‐order spheroids of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) by controlling the spheroid size (diameter range: 0.4–2.5 mm). Notably, spheroid generation required only one day of culture on charged culture dishes. Almost all spheroid‐derived ADSCs were viable and produced adhesion molecules and growth factors, which play an important role in tissue regeneration. Moreover, spheroid‐derived ADSCs could infiltrate and recellularize collagenous tissue membranes in vitro. The ADSC spheroids developed in this study could be directly (without additional processing) used for cell‐based tissue regeneration therapy. Furthermore, the rapid scale‐up process and noncytotoxic generation of spheroids would also enable other applications such as use as screening models for drug discovery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 305–312, 2016.
Raman investigation of defective SiC nanocrystals
Authors: Xiao Zhiyuan , Yang Yanqing , Ouyang Sheng , Kou Zongde , Huang Bin , Luo Xian
Published: September 2015

Phonon confinement effect and surface optical mode in SiC nanocrystal have been investigated through Raman spectroscopy. Considering high density of stacking faults in SiC grains, the correlation length of RWL (proposed by Richter, Wang, Li to explain phonon confinement in nano silicon) model is determined as a distance between nearby stacking faults. Thus, homogeneous region becomes thin slices in cylindrical SiC grains, which redefines weighting function. Effect of anisotropy of phonon dispersion curve is also analyzed during calculation. The additional 875‐cm−1 band is attributed to defects and amorphous SiC, which is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. SiC grains are approximated as column array with grain boundary substances regarded as surrounding medium, which explains surface optical phonon mode at 915 cm−1. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of optimal site of G1 placement for median orthodromic palmar nerve conduction study
Authors: Devine Irisa M. , Rubin Devon I.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: G1 electrode placement at the distal wrist crease during the median orthodromic palmar nerve conduction study (NCS) could result in a false negative study if compression is more proximal. Methods: In this study we aimed to determine the effect of median G1 electrode placement on distal latencies and amplitudes. Methods Median orthodromic palmar NCS was performed with the G1 electrode at the wrist crease and 2 cm proximal, stimulating 8 cm distal to G1. The difference in the distal latencies and amplitudes between the 2 recording sites was calculated. Results: In 26 controls and 25 carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients, the mean proximal–distal latency difference and percent amplitude decrease (distal vs. proximal) was −0.085 ms/53% (controls) and −0.072 ms/45% (CTS). Conclusion: Distal latency is not significantly affected by G1 placement in the median orthodromic palmar NCS, but the amplitudes are nearly twice as high when G1 is placed 2 cm proximal to the wrist crease. Muscle Nerve 53: 579–582, 2016
A phase‐field model for chemo‐mechanical induced fracture in lithium‐ion battery electrode particles
Authors: Miehe C. , Dal H. , Schänzel L.‐M. , Raina A.
Published: September 2015

Capacity fade in conventional Li‐ion battery systems due to chemo‐mechanical degradation during charge–discharge cycles is the bottleneck in high‐performance battery design. Stresses generated by diffusion‐mechanical coupling in Li‐ion intercalation and deintercalation cycles, accompanied by swelling and shrinking at finite strains, cause micro‐cracks, which finally disturb the electrical conductivity and isolate the electrode particles. This leads to battery capacity fade. As a first attempt towards a reliable description of this complex phenomenon, we propose a novel finite strain theory for chemo‐elasticity coupled with phase‐field modeling of fracture, which regularizes a sharp crack topology. We apply a rigorous geometric approach to the diffusive crack modeling based on the introduction of a global evolution equation of regularized crack surface, governed by the crack phase field. The irreversible evolution of the crack phase field is modeled through a novel critical stress‐based growth function. A modular concept is outlined for linking of the diffusive crack modeling to the complex chemo‐elastic material response of the bulk material. Here, we incorporate standard as well as gradient‐extended Cahn–Hilliard‐type diffusion for the Li‐ions, where the latter accounts for a possible phase segregation. From the viewpoint of the methodology, the separation of modules for the crack evolution and the bulk response provides a highly attractive and transparent structure of the multi‐physics problem. This structure is exploited on the numerical side by constructing a robust finite element method, based on an algorithmic decoupling of updates for the crack phase field and the state variables of the chemo‐mechanical bulk response. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed coupled multi‐field formulation by an analysis of representative boundary value problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Number needed to harm in the post‐marketing safety evaluation: results for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone
Authors: Mendes Diogo , Alves Carlos , Batel‐Marques Francisco
Published: September 2015

Purpose

Our aim is to investigate the usefulness of metric indices in post‐marketing safety evaluations by estimating number needed to harm (NNH) values for cardiovascular (CV) adverse outcomes for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.

Methods

Reports from regulatory authorities (RAs) were consulted, and Medline searches were performed to identify studies assessing CV risks [all‐cause death, CV death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or congestive heart failure (CHF)] for thiazolidinediones. Meta‐analyses were performed to pool evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OS). NNHs [with 95% confidence intervals (CI)] per year were estimated for CV adverse events.

Results

Reports from RAs included two meta‐analyses of short‐term RCTs, two long‐term RCTs (RECORD and PROACTIVE), and a systematic review of OS (n = 29). The Medline search identified six additional OS. Statistically significant NNH values were obtained for the following: (i) rosiglitazone versus control on MI and CHF in the meta‐analysis of RCTs (NNH = 16; 95%CI = 10–255; and NNH = 7; 95%CI = 5–16, respectively) and meta‐analysis of OS (NNH = 12; 95%CI = 9–20; and NNH = 5; 95%CI = 32–131, respectively) and on CHF in the RECORD (NNH = 6; 95%CI = 4–14); (ii) pioglitazone versus control on CHF (NNH = 11; 95%CI = 6, 403) in the meta‐analysis of RCTs and PROACTIVE (NNH = 12; 95%CI = 8–43); and (iii) rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone on MI (NNH = 69; 95%CI = 32–379), stroke (NNH = 36; 95%CI = 20–225), CHF (NNH = 33; 95%CI = 19–47), and all‐cause death (NNH = 63; 95%CI = 49–100) in the meta‐analysis of OS.

Conclusion

The NNH values suggested an increased CV risk with rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone across several sources of information. The inclusion of objective metrics in post‐marketing drug's benefit–risk assessments could be of increased value and help RAs to make consistent decisions on drug safety. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.