bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a “Revolution”: Design Challenges in a Chemical Engineering Department
Authors: Wilson-Fetrow Madalyn , Svihla Vanessa , Datye Abhaya K , Gomez Jamie , Chi Eva , Han Sang
Published: February 2024

Engineering is fundamentally about design, yet many undergraduate programs offer limited opportunities for students to learn to design. This design case reports on a grant-funded effort to revolutionize how chemical engineering is taught. Prior to this effort, our chemical engineering program was like many, offering core courses primarily taught through lectures and problem sets. While some faculty referenced examples, students had few opportunities to construct and apply what they were learning. Spearheaded by a team that included the department chair, a learning scientist, a teaching-intensive faculty member, and faculty heavily engaged with the undergraduate program, we developed and implemented design challenges in core chemical engineering courses. We began by co-designing with students and faculty, initially focusing on the first two chemical engineering courses students take. We then developed templates and strategies that supported other faculty-student teams to expand the approach into more courses. Across seven years of data collection and iterative refinements, we developed a framework that offers guidance as we continue to support new faculty in threading design challenges through core content-focused courses. We share insights from our process that supported us in navigating through challenging questions and concerns.
Accounting and Finance: Complementarity and Divergence
Authors: Biondi Yuri
Published: February 2024

Penman (2023. Accounting for Uncertainty. Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium) develops a conceptual framework which reconciles accounting and finance in view to provide information for financial investment. His framework is based upon resolution of uncertainty over expectations as a convenient basis for accrual accounting. In this context, accrual accounting can be interpreted as a convenient instrument to protect the corporate capacity to generate future earnings on which the expected financial value is based upon. However, in order to fulfil this control function, accounting applies an additive process (simple return), while financial valuation imposes a multiplicative process (compound return) over the invested financial capital. This divergence between accounting and finance enables disentangling business profit – as determined by accounting – from money interest and ownership rent, paving the way to a theory of the business firm based upon its accounting structure, and enabling measures of financial performance consistent with this divergence.
A longitudinal study on lecture listening difficulties and self-regulated learning strategies across different proficiency levels in EMI higher education
Authors: Zhou Sihan , Rose Heath
Published: February 2024

The absence of language admission thresholds in many English medium instruction (EMI) university programmes has led to marked heterogeneity in students’ English proficiency upon entry. These students may face diverse challenges when listening to academic lectures, adopt different strategies to cope, and undergo varying trajectories in listening over time. To unpack such complexities, this study adopts a longitudinal mixed-methods design, comprising questionnaire responses from 412 freshmen and semi-structured interviews with 34 students at the beginning, halfway, and end of their first semester studying at an EMI university in China. Students were divided into high, medium, and low proficiency cohorts based on their listening placement test scores. Multilevel modelling analyses highlight that students entering with lower proficiency reported sharper reductions in listening challenges over time. Interview findings also reveal that these students engaged in more industrious self-regulated listening practice outside of the classroom than their highly proficient peers. Regardless of disparities in students’ proficiency, all students developed a higher tolerance towards ‘non-native’ teacher accents and shifted attitudes towards handling disciplinary terminology. The findings offer pedagogical implications for supporting different groups of students’ needs for successful transitions into English-medium tertiary education.
On Italian spatial prepositions and measure phrases: reconciling the data with theoretical accounts
Authors: Ursini Francesco-Alessio , Wu Tong
Published: February 2024

The goal of this article is to offer new empirical evidence regarding the grammatical and semantic properties of Italian spatial prepositions, and to provide a theoretical account based on this evidence. We show that Italian has four grammatical types of prepositions (simple, complex, contracted and uncontracted), and three semantic types (geometric, projective and region prepositions). By studying the syntactic distribution of prepositions and the phrases they form with measure phrases (e.g., dieci metri ‘ten meters’) we argue that a non-isomorphic (i.e., not one-to-one) relation between grammatical and semantic type emerges. Region and geometric prepositions form phrases that block the presence of measure phrases (e.g., #dieci metri a fianco del muro ‘ten meters beside the wall’), whereas projective prepositions license them (e.g., dieci metri dietro al muro ‘ten meters behind the wall’). We show that previous accounts postulate a type of symmetry that leads to problematic predictions regarding these patterns. We then propose an alternative account based on the Lexical Syntax framework that models the data via a feature-matching mechanism.
Fragment answers with negative dependencies in Korean: a direct interpretation approach
Authors: Kim Jong-Bok
Published: February 2024

Fragment answers are nonsentential utterances quite pervasive in daily-life dialogues. This article focuses on fragment answers involving a negative dependency expression in Korean. The key question for the analysis of such a negative fragment expression is how to resolve sentential meaning from its non-sentential status. This article argues against sentential approaches that postulate clausal sources together with move-and-delete operations to generate negative fragments. Instead, the article supports a discourse-based direct interpretation analysis that allows negative fragment answers to be directly projected as a full utterance and obtain their propositional meaning by referring to the organized discourse structure in question.
Legal regulation of neighborhood relations (good neighborliness) in the context of recodification of civil legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Myronenko I.V. , Heints R.M.
Published: February 2024

This article aims to study the content of the provisions of the legislation of Western countries regarding the regulation of relations between owners and owners of neighboring real estate objects. Based on the results of the research, proposals were formulated regarding the content of the provisions of «neighborhood rights» (good neighborliness) in the updated Civil Code of Ukraine.A comparative study of the civil codes of Western countries indicates that they contain the provisions of «neighborhood rights» (good neighborliness). These provisions constitute a group of special norms within the framework of legal regulation of property relations.As a rule, the right of neighborhood in foreign legislation is a fairly typical set of provisions that regulate relations regarding: the transfer of the consequences of land use (smoke, noise, dust, etc.) to neighboring properties; prevention of excessive negative impact on neighboring properties; overgrowth of plants across the border; ownership rights to fruits that have fallen from neighboring property; legal consequences of violation of property boundaries during construction; water flows to neighboring properties; demarcation of neighboring properties; legal regime of border structures.Accordingly, the basis of «neighborhood rights» (good neighborliness) in the updated Civil Code of Ukraine should be provisions on the regulation of the above relations.
Criminal law policy in the field of combating official negligence (Article 367 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine): problem statement
Authors: Sichevliuk-Vrublevsky T.S.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the scientific study of the criminal legal policy of the state, which provides for criminal liability for official negligence. After all, the state policy in the field of prevention and counteraction to official negligence aims to create an effective system for identifying and overcoming the social prerequisites for committing this crime, its timely exposure. Effective counteraction to official negligence is not realized at the moment of one-time and short-term actions or legal repressions at any level, but requires long-term socio-economic, political and legal changes. This activity should be a synthesis of preventive general social and special criminological measures combined with repressive methods. Especially considering that service negligence is a complex and multifaceted social phenomenon. It is proved that the establishment of criminal liability for official negligence is generated by the objective needs of society. It characterizes one of the directions of counteraction to official crime in modern conditions, namely activation and effective application of measures of prevention and prevention of official negligence. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of the criminal law policy depends on the effectiveness of the law of Ukraine on criminal liability, which affects the law-making as a form of policy implementation, as well as on enforcement.
International and national significance of the realization (implementation) of the norms of international law
Authors: Shamsan Reyad Taha
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the most important theoretical and practical issues of the realization (implementation) of international law, examines the concepts, forms and content of the realization (implementation) of international law, finds out the reasons that affect the inefficiency of international law. It is noted that the realization (implementation) of the norms of international law includes two levels: international (collective activity of states) and national (individual activity of the state). Particular attention is paid to the importance of the implementation of the norms of international law and their primacy both over domestic law and over politics in international relations. It is mentioned that in international law the UN Charter enshrined the principle of conscientious observance of international obligations (pacta sunt servanda), which extends its effect to all norms, regardless of functions, purpose, form of expression. According to this principle, each state must fulfill in good faith its obligations arising from the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and specific international treaties. The article argues that this principle is mandatory not only in relations between states, but also extends to the sphere of national law in the context of the implementation of international law. The article emphasizes that in modern conditions the solution of global problems of peace, the stability of the international order, as well as the solution of many domestic problems in the literal sense depends on the effectiveness of international law. An opinion is expressed about the need to develop a unified science of the law of both domestic and international law. Since, just as it is correctly noted in the legal literature, the issues of the realization (implementation) of international law are shifted from the international to the national sphere, due to the fact that a significant number of international legal norms are intended for final implementation within states. Such a statement is true in relation to all branches of international law, in particular in the field of human rights and the protection of the environment. It is indicated that in order to fulfill international obligations, it is required from the state on a national level to ensure the harmonization of their laws and practices with obligations under international law.
Development and performance evaluation of sunflower straw cellulose ether ecological sand-fixing material
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Li Zheyu , Yao Lihong , Chang Siyu , Wu Yueqi
Published: February 2024

Sunflowers are widely cultivated as a cash crop in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. However, due to the lack of efficient resource utilization techniques, most of the sunflower stalks are discarded. In the Hetao irrigation area, the problem of desertification has prompted the limited use of sunflower straw to construct physical sand barriers for windbreaks and sand stabilization. In response to this, this study focuses on synthesizing a cellulose ether sand-fixing material using sunflower straw, the primary agricultural waste in Denkou County, Hetao irrigation district. This material enhances the effective adhesion between sand grains, reduces porosity among loose sand grains, and inhibits sand grain movement. The findings from this study conclusively demonstrate that the sand-fixing materials under investigation meet international standards for mechanical properties. They effectively transform loose, unconnected sand grains into a state with strong adhesion properties.
In the Labyrinths of Political Naming: Structure and Semantic Diversity of Political Party Naming
Authors: Soloviova Tetiana , Koloiz Zhanna
Published: February 2024

The article reveals some problems of domestic political linguistics. Especially it’s about language sources that are used in the marketing technologies of Ukrainian political parties in the creating of some political brand-name.
The essences of such terms as political brand / branding, political name / naming are found out throw the prism of interpretive linguistics and psycholinguistics. Political names are presented in formal and lexical-semantic connections. Political brand-names are qualified as mental units of the conceptual picture of the world, which accumulate various associative icons, concepts, ideas, assessments and are capable of instilling trust and creating a positive image. The focus is on complexity to find a way out of the labyrinths of the naming space for the average elector. These labyrinths contain the number of objects, renaming, consonance, duplication, etc. that don’t contribute to adequate perception, understanding, but on the contrary, lead to disorientation. Comprehension of the structure and content of political names is mostly impossible without special background knowledge, linguistic skills, etc., directly depends on the level of political culture of the electorate and civic position.
Bioactive phytochemicals on humanoid endurance & advancement of herbal medicine
Authors: Gupta Charu
Published: February 2024

The Indian traditional system of conventional medication includes an enormous lexis of herbal preparations and medicinal plants. They are optional nutrients that are mostly produced by plants as a form of defence. These items may include isolated nutrients, nutritional supplements, particular diets, herbal products, processed foods, and drinks. They may also include genetically modified designer foods. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds that can be found in a variety of foods, including legumes, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and herbs. These substances include polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, anthocyanidins, phytoestrogens, terpenoids, carotenoids, limonoids, phytosterols, glucosinolates, and fibers. Phytochemicals are known to have a significant impact on human health, with potential medical benefits that can help prevent and treat a range of illnesses and physiological abnormalities. Phytochemicals have been shown to have various pharmacological effects on human health, including acting as powerful antioxidants, antibacterial and antifungal agents, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic compounds, antispasmodic agents, chemo preventive agents, hepatoprotective agents, neuroprotective agents, as well as hypolipidemic and hypotensive agents. Therefore, these compounds are of great interest in the fields of medicine, nutrition, and health science. They also induce apoptosis, act as a diuretic, stimulate the central nervous system, modulate the immune response, and act as a carminative, analgesic. It is necessary for herbal products to undergo quality control, thorough testing to determine their efficacy and safety, and reliable clinical trials. To give improved health care services to the public, the meticulous and scientific integration of India's traditional system of herbal medicine into evidence-based clinical illness management is crucial. Thus, this chapter focuses on the integration and advancement of herbal-based medicines through the scientific validation of some clinically important bioactive phytochemicals.
The genus Anathallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) in Mexico
Authors: Solano Gómez Rodolfo , Durán-Licona Ethian
Published: February 2024

Anathallis encompasses nearly 120 species of neotropical orchids, with Mexico representing the northernmost limit of its distribution. During the current century, up to fifteen Mexican species have been classified in Anathallis. However, in recent years, several of them have been reclassified into Lankesteriana, Specklinia, and Stelis. Currently, Anathallis in Mexico includes A. greenwoodii, A. lewisiae, A. minutalis, A. oblanceolata, A. sertularioides, and A. yucatanensis. This work presents the taxonomic treatment for these species, the modeling of their potential distribution, and the assessment of their conservation status in Mexico. For this, specialized literature, living and herborized specimens, and online databases were examined. For each species, a description, drawing, photograph, and distribution map were prepared; additionally, information regarding nomenclature, habitat, phenology, comparison with similar species, and an assessment of its risk status is provided. Mexican Anathallis plants are characterized by their diminutive habit, rhizomatous growth, semi-open flowers with acute sepals and petals, free lateral sepals, mobile lip, and winged column. The genus includes five Mexican species: A. lewisiae, A. minutalis, A. oblanceolata, A. sertularioides, and A. yucatanensis. Anathallis greenwoodii exhibits a morphology more similar to Lankesteriana and it was transferred accordingly. Anathallis oblanceolata was previously known only from the type locality and is redescribed based on specimens previously confused with A. minutalis. Both species are endemic to the mountainous regions of Mexico. Anathallis lewisiae, A. sertularioides, and A. yucatanensis grow in warm, lowland areas along the Gulf of Mexico coast and Yucatan Peninsula. Lectotypes are designated here for Pleurothallis minutalis, P. tenuissima, and P. trichopoda.
Purpose Trends Report. A selection of what has been published about Purpose in January 2024
Authors: García-de-Santos Teresa , Florez-Jiménez Maria Paula , Lleó-de-Nalda Alvaro
Published: February 2024

In this report, we want to synthesize the most relevant about corporate purpose published in January 2024. For this aim, we did a content search (using selected keywords) in Scopus and Google Scholar for academic publications; and diffusion magazines and other trusted sites for articles and reports. We selected relevant publications about organizational purpose, purpose alignment, and personal purpose. Also, we include successful cases that show how corporate purpose has been implemented. Bellow, we present statistics about the selected literature.
Comparison of methods for determination the bearing capacity of piles in punched holes with broadening using the results of static load tests
Authors: Glukhov V. S. , Gavrilov P. K.
Published: February 2024

In recent years, due to the increasing of urban construction extent, there has been a tendency to exhaust of territorial reserves, suitable for construction in large cities. Increasingly, it is necessary to use territories with unfavorable soil conditions for the construction of civil and industrial buildings. In such cases, various pile foundations are used, which have significant technical and economic advantages compared to foundations on a natural bases. Among the progressive designs of pile foundations, a special place is occupied by piles in punched holes with broadening (SPSu), which ensure the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the foundation during the production of works, as well as the reduction of material, energy and labor costs during their installation. Piles of this type are designed using the developed regulatory framework ISO 36554501-018-2009 "Design and installation of pile foundations and reinforced foundations from packed piles in punched holes". At the same time, the task of improving the quality of work on the design, arrangement, as well as the assessment and prediction of the bearing capacity of piles becomes particularly relevant. This task is solved with a high degree of accuracy by conducting large-scale tests of piles with a static load tests. These tests are carried out in real conditions of the construction site and allow to observe the changes pile`s settlement under load. The article is devoted to solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of assessing the bearing capacity of piles according to static load tests. Using the example of the test results of single SPSu, the authors of the article assess the effectiveness of the existing domestic and foreign methods for determining the bearing capacity of piles. As part of the solution of this issue, the results of the bearing capacity determining according to SP 24.13330.2021 were compared with the data obtained during the use of Davisson, Chin, De Beer, Hansen, Decourt and Eurocode 7 methods. The advantages and disadvantages of this approaches used are noted. Based on the accumulated practical experience of testing the SPSu in various ground conditions, the authors of the article proposed an alternative method of interpreting the "settlement - load" graph.
Bearing capacity of a driven hanging piles with longitudinal grooves on their side surface
Authors: Polishhuk A. I. , Demchenko V. A.
Published: February 2024

The article considers the influence of longitudinal grooves of various geometric shapes on the side surface of factory-made driven reinforced concrete piles on their bearing capacity. Information is given on previously performed experimental studies (laboratory and full-scale testing) of changes in the bearing capacity of piles with grooves. The research was carried out on models of piles in a tray and using driven reinforced concrete full-scale piles in the field. Full-scale piles and models of piles had wedge-shaped and semicircular grooves on the side surface, which were placed on one, two and three sides. Based on experiments, an increase in the bearing capacity of piles with grooves in clay soils has been established. The article also provides a theoretical analysis of the influence of the depth of wedge-shaped and semicircular grooves on the operation of the piles under consideration. By solving the optimization problem, formulas were obtained for calculating the optimal depth of wedge-shaped and semicircular grooves on the side surface of reinforced concrete piles. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of work in clay soils of driven hanging piles with longitudinal grooves of wedge-shaped and semicircular shape is carried out. In conclusion, the main conclusions are formulated based on the results obtained. It is established that the optimal depth of wedge-shaped and semicircular grooves depends on the mechanical characteristics of the soils, the length of the piles, the angle at the top of the groove (for wedge-shaped grooves) and does not depend on the size of the cross-section of the pile and the number of grooves. It was also revealed that the bearing capacity of a pile with grooves of optimal depth always exceeds the bearing capacity of a similar pile without grooves. The article compares the efficiency of piles with wedge-shaped and semicircular grooves.
Experimental study of the mechanical properties of the downstream wedge of a low-pressure dam under conditions of rising flood water levels
Authors: Bandurin M. A. , Volosukhin V. A , Prikhodko I. A. , Verbitsky A. Yu.
Published: February 2024

The article presents experimental studies of the mechanical properties of the downstream wedge of a low-pressure dam under conditions of a rapid increase in the level of flood waters, since ensuring the stability of the slope of bulk hydraulic structures during increasing natural and man-made disasters, taking into account changes in climatic and seismic conditions, is a paramount task for specialists in design and operating organizations of the water management complex. Currently, despite the increased interest in landslide factors, there is still insufficient information on how the size of drainage devices located in the downstream wedge of a low-pressure dam can affect the stability of its slope in the event of a rapid drawdown of the flood water level. In order to analyze the influence of the size of the drainage devices of a low-pressure dam on the stability of its slope with a possible drawdown of the level, numerical studies were carried out in a flat setting. The performed mathematical modeling made it possible to assess the stability of the dam slope due to the rapid drawdown of the flood water level and to determine the effect of the drainage size of the low-pressure dam. An analysis of the simulation results showed that in the scenario of a rapid drawdown of the water level in the river after passing the flood peak, the stability of the slope of the low-pressure dam facing the river decreases. The pore pressure in the upstream of the embankment decreases with the increase in the size of the drainage of the downstream wedge, while it increases in the downstream. With an increase in the size of the drainage, the values of the slope stability coefficient increase. The factors identified in the process of mathematical modeling that affect the stability of the dam depending on the length of the drainage in the downstream wedge area of the low-pressure dam can be used for predictive purposes to assess their reliability.
Numerical determination of the value of the calculated resistance of the base under the stamp of final stiffness, taking into account the rigidity over the foundation structure
Authors: Bartolomey L. A. , Bogomolova O. A. , Geidt V. D. , Geidt A. V.
Published: February 2024

The task set in this study is to determine the values of the generalized strength parameter of the soil of the base σсв R , at which the depth ∆Z of the development of coulomb areas of plastic deformations under the edges of the foundation of final stiffness with a thickness H , loaded with a uniformly distributed load of variable intensity q, and a foundation of the same thickness bearing a rigid over the foundation structure of variable height H * will not exceed a quarter of the width of the foundation 2 b , that is, the values of σсв R , at which the calculation of the base sediment can be carried out in an elastic setting. As a result, it was established that the numerical values of the values σсв R * and σсв R , provided that 2 b H ≤6 and φÎ[20о-35о] do not differ significantly from each other, however, with other values of 2 b H , their difference becomes very significant. If 2 b H ≤6 , then the influence of the value EE о on the numerical values of σсв R * and σсв R can be neglected when performing engineering calculations, using the corresponding values σсв R or σсв R * . If the value of the reduced cohesion pressure is determined σсв =c( γо Htg φ) -1 , as some generalized indicator of the strength of the fixed soil, then using the graphs shown in Figures 3 and 4, it is possible to determine the values of σсв R * and σ св R , comparing which with the value of σсв , it can be concluded whether or not it is possible to calculate the sediment in a linear formulation. Focusing on the numerical values of σсв R * and σсв R , it is possible to determine the values of γо ; φ; c ; E о , which must be obtained in the process of fixing the soil base, so that the given external load does not exceed the value of the calculated resistance.
Experimental studies of the stability of wave-damping slopes to protect bridge supports from wave action
Authors: Tlyavlina G. V.
Published: February 2024

This article presents the results of experimental studies of the stability of wave-damping slopes to protect bridge supports from wave action. The object of the study is the construction of protective wave-damping slopes constructed to protect the supports of bridges designed and operated under wave action conditions (such as the bridge to Russian Island in Vladivostok, etc.) on the shores of the seas. The purpose of the work is to select the optimal design solutions for protective slopes that ensure reliable and safe operation of the bridge crossing during sea storms of rare frequency. The research was carried out by the method of physical modeling in a wave pool. Various variants of structural solutions of protective slopes are considered: from a stone outline and from gabions, as well as combined structures. According to the results of research on a physical model in the wave basin, the structures of the protective slopes of bridge supports that are most resistant to the effects of sea storm waves of rare frequency have been obtained. The results of the research are intended to select optimal design solutions for protecting bridge supports from wave action and can also be used to protect other transport structures, for example, the roadbed of railways designed on sea coasts. These results were used by the author in the development of the regulatory framework for the design and monitoring of engineering structures for the protection of transport structures from wave action.
Optimization algorithm of interacting countries and its application for solving problems of pharmacokinetics
Authors: Krasheninnikov R. S. , Mitrichev I. I.
Published: February 2024

With the increasing complexity of optimization problems in the scientific environment, evolutionary algorithms inspired by certain processes in the world are becoming increasingly popular. This paper proposes a new evolutionary algorithm for interacting countries, which is mostly inspired by classical genetic algorithm, island algorithm and migration algorithm. Next, in the article, we study the performance of the algorithm on classical test functions. The results of the algorithm demonstrate its suitability for solving optimization problems and the prospects for its further study. In conclusion, the application of this algorithm to the search for pharmacokinetic constants of the two-compartment model is considered.
Dynamic response of the micro-perforated crab beam used in MEMS vibratory gyroscope device
Authors: The Vu Van
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a study on the dynamic response of the micro-beams with the crab shape and cut-out holes on the whole operating faces of the beam to create the micro-perforated beam by using FEM simulation software. The obtained results show that the size and shape form of the cut-out holes affect the mechanical responses of the beam on which the holes distribute. The equivalent stiffness of perforated micro-beams decreases significantly with the increasing size of the holes on the beam operating face. And thence the major frequencies of the MEMS vibratory gyroscope system that consist of these micro-beams also decrease. The results of the study are basic for being used for optimizing the structure in subsequent research.
Records of species of the snake eels genus \(\textit{Ophichthus}\) (Family Ophichthidae) from Vietnam
Authors: Vo Van Quang , Ho Huans-Ching , Hibino Yusuke , Le Thao Thu Thi , Tran Hoa Hong Thi , Tran Thinh Cong
Published: February 2024

In Vietnam, the Ophichthus snake eel genus comprises 14 distinct species. This research aims to document and visually represent three previously undocumented findings and a newly discovered species. The species Ophichthus bicolor and Ophichthus machidai are meticulously described here, their characteristics based on five specimens each, gathered at depths of approximately 100–180 meters and 50–100 meters, respectively, in the vicinity of Quy Nhon. Additionally, Ophichthus obtusus is comprehensively described using 12 specimens collected from depths ranging from roughly 50 to 120 meters in the Quy Nhon and Nha Trang areas. Two specimens of Ophichthus shaoi were also recovered from Quy Nhon, contributing additional data regarding this species from Vietnamese waters. The identification of most species relied on careful examination of their morphological characters. These findings collectively raised the Ophichthus genus's representation in Vietnamese waters by introducing three previously undocumented species, raising the total count to 17 compared to prior research. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive key to aid in identifying the various Ophichthus species found in Vietnam.
ARRASTRADO EN FOTOGRAFÍAS: ELOY ALFARO EN EL TIEMPO
Authors: Miniguano Trujillo Andrea Soledad , Alves de Barros Alex Sandro
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo se sumerge en un análisis detallado de dos fotografías que capturan un hito histórico en Ecuador: el asesinato del expresidente Eloy Alfaro Delgado y sus seguidores, conocidos como alfaristas. Este trabajo se basa en la lectura de la compilación Los ojos de la Historia de Georges Didi-Huberman, José Luis Barrios y Eliza Mizrahi y reflexiona sobre la utilización de fotografías para comprender eventos históricos. El texto aborda la dualidad de la imagen según estos autores, con zonas de “verdad” y “oscuridad”. Se explora el desafío que enfrenta el historiador al analizar imágenes como testimonios subjetivos y la importancia de cotejarlas con otras fuentes. Se discuten distintos enfoques en el uso de los documentos visuales, desde “vaciar la imagen” al centrarse solo en la muerte de Alfaro, hasta “hipertrofiar la imagen” mediante manipulaciones que refuerzan una narrativa específica. Además, se destaca la utilización política de las fotografías, especialmente durante el centenario de la muerte de Alfaro. Los autores reflexionan sobre la necesidad de que los historiadores exploren el potencial de las imágenes como documentos históricos que puedan ofrecer una comprensión más rica del pasado y la importancia de que el consumidor de la foto indague sobre el pasado.
Public Health in the Health Care System
Authors: Pacian Anna
Published: February 2024

Public health encompasses a wide range of activities related to almost all aspects of the society’s health. Public health influences the shape of social and health policy of the state, and cooperates with all socio-economic sectors and social organizations. The goal of public health is to reduce morbidity rate, premature deaths and conditions leading to suffering and disability. Public health activities in the European Union are determined by specific regulations which include: the Treaty of Maastricht, the Treaty of Amsterdam and the Treaty of Lisbon. The Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection is responsible for the implementation of health policy in the European Union. Other institutions include: Executive Agency for Health and Consumers (EAHC), European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), European Medicines Eval uation Agency (EMEA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Environment Agency (EEA), European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU – OSHA), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The European Union plays a significant role in the organization and functioning of health care systems in the Member States. The activities of the European Union determine the directions of cooperation in health services, aimed at the creation of supranational, highly specialized centres focusing on rare medical concerns and problems that require very specific and expensive medical procedures.
Personality Reliability Under Risk Conditions
Authors: Malakhaeva Svetlana , Nikulina Tatiana , Karnysheva Olga
Published: February 2024

The research is devoted to testing the hypothesis of the inverse relationship between risk appetite and personal reliability. The study that involved students of Baikal State University, 26 girls and 22 boys from 18 to 20 years, was carried out with the help of hardware methods "AC-9K Activationometer”. The relationship between such indicators as the propensity to risk in a background situation and the propensity to risk in a significant situation was discovered. Thus, the higher the first indicator of the subject, the higher the second. The risk appetite increases when the instructions are changed and possible gains and losses are added. Most of the subjects have a high propensity for risk, but at the same time the stability characteristic of psychomotor activity is below average. There is a quite strong correlation between the propensity to risk in the background situation and the success rate in the background situation while the correlation between the indicator of self-regulation of thinking and the propensity to risk is inverse, weak. In this case, we can assume the presence of the following trend: the higher the indicator of self-regulation of thinking, the less the subjects are inclined to take risks. The relationship between the propensity to risk and the characteristic of stability in a risky situation has received a negative value. It means that the higher the propensity to risk, the lower the stability characteristic in a risky situation. A direct relationship between self-regulation of thinking and psycho-emotional stability proved that the higher the psycho-emotional stability, the higher the indicator of self-regulation of thinking. The hypothesis that there is a feedback between risk-taking and the reliability of the individual in a significant situation as well as the correlation between psycho-emotional stability and the success of hits have been confirmed.
Study of the Cognitive Initiative Formation of the Primary School Students
Authors: Prokhorenko Ekaterina
Published: February 2024

The article shows various theoretical approaches to the issue of considering the problem of formation of cognitive initiative of younger schoolchildren, defines the concept of “cognitive initiative” of younger schoolchildren, highlights its essential characteristics; among the characteristics are: active and independent striving for practical educational and cognitive activity, readiness for suprasituativity, the ability to make an informed choice. Such a free choice is given to the child in order to determine a motivational and volitional action — the ability to make a personal choice in a non-standard given situation, as well as the defining of a personally significant activity for the child. The younger student appears as a subject of the educational process, a full participant in social relations. Empirical results of identifying the actual level of formation of cognitive initiative in primary grades are presented on the basis of conducted research methods, namely expert assessment of teachers, not included observation and psychological and pedagogical experiment in the author's interpretation “Make your choice”, thanks to specially organized conditions where students can make a free and independent choice in favor of preferred significant practical activity. The results obtained during the interviewing of class teachers helped to determine significant parameters of the manifestation of the cognitive initiative of younger students in the course of educational activities, which are significant characteristics of the very concept of “cognitive initiative” and namely: initiative to answer a given question, difference in intellectual independence in work, initiative and search in the performance of creative tasks, knowledge of logical thinking techniques, perseverance in the performance of difficult tasks, dissatisfaction if forced to interrupt work, return to the verification of the completion of the task, passion in the execution of educational tasks, expressing the joy for their successes, readiness to solve complex problems.
Conflictos Potenciales Identificados en los Libros de Texto de Matemáticas de Educación Básica de Chile para el Estudio del Álgebra
Authors: Pino-Fan Luis Roberto , Lugo-Armenta Jesus Guadalupe , Acevedo Cardelas Graciela Rubí , García José , Peña Cristina , Uicab-Campos Yesenia
Published: February 2024

Diversas investigaciones han evidenciado que el libro de texto de matemáticas sigue siendo la principal herramienta de trabajo para los profesores y, entre otras cosas, constituye el referente del conocimiento matemático escolar que deben enseñar a los estudiantes. Sin embargo, también se ha puesto de manifiesto que los textos pueden ser fuente de conflictos tanto en estudiantes como en profesores, debido al tratamiento que dan a los conceptos matemáticos. En este artículo nos hemos interesado por cómo los libros de texto desarrollan el estudio del álgebra en la educación básica y, en particular, si estas formas de presentar las nociones algebraicas pudieran causar conflictos. Para llevar a cabo nuestro estudio, utilizamos algunas herramientas teórico-metodológicas del Enfoque Ontosemiótico (EOS) del conocimiento y la instrucción matemáticos, tales como la noción de conflicto y la configuración ontosemiótica, lo cual permitió un análisis sistemático de los textos en términos de los problemas, definiciones de los conceptos, propiedades, procedimientos, argumentos y representaciones. Como resultado principal, se identifican y discuten categorías de conflictos potenciales para el estudio del álgebra, los cuales podrían inducir a errores o concepciones erróneas de las nociones algebraicas por parte de los estudiantes o profesores.
Breaking the Silence About Compulsory Social Measures in Switzerland: Consequences for Survivor Families
Authors: Gautschi Nadine , Abraham Andrea
Published: February 2024

So‐called compulsory social measures (CSM) represent a dark chapter in Swiss history. Hundreds of thousands of children and adolescents from families affected by poverty were placed in foster families and homes, or used as labourers on farms. These decisions could hardly be appealed. Many minors suffered traumatic violence in out‐of‐home placements. In 1981 the relevant laws were redrafted and the practice of CSM was officially stopped. Nevertheless, CSM were considered taboo for decades in Swiss politics and society. Often survivors even concealed their experiences from their own partners and children. It was not until 2013 that a major political and social reappraisal began. Against this background, we analyse how the state breaking its silence on the issue, through the initiating of public reappraisal, changed the way families deal with their parents’ history regarding CSM. To this end, six biographical interviews with adult descendants of survivors were analysed using grounded theory methodology. The results show that the public reappraisal triggered processes of revealing secrets from parental history in families, which also enabled emotional rapprochement between family members. However, it also opened up new areas of family tension and found expression in new constellations of silence. Overall Switzerland’s state action had ambivalent consequences for survivor families.
Associations between perfectionism and empathy in psychiatry and neurology residents
Authors: Biletskaya Mariya V.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: Empathy is considered a key element in doctor-patient relationship that may positively influence communication and outcomes. However, the correlation of empathy with perfectionism, which prevalence and rates among students are increasing, remains understudied.
AIM: The aim is to study the associations between perfectionism and empathy in psychiatry and neurology residents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Psychiatry and neurology residents (n = 100) aged 22–29 filled out the following validated instruments: “Three-Factor Perfectionism Inventory” (N.G. Garanyan, et al.) and “The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)” (M. Davis). The sample was divided into three groups with high (n = 37), medium (n = 33) and low (n = 30) levels of perfectionism.
RESULTS: Residents with high level of perfectionism have higher level of personal distress (p 0.01). In this group were also observed significant positive associations between general level of perfectionism and empathic concern (p 0.05); socially prescribed perfectionism and personal distress (p 0.05), fantasy (p 0.05), empathic concern (p 0.05); perfectionistic cognitive style and personal distress (p 0.01). In residents with medium level of perfectionism a positive correlation exists between self-oriented perfectionism and perspective taking (p 0.05). In residents with low level of perfectionism perspective taking negatively correlated with general level of perfectionism (p 0.01) and self-oriented perfectionism (p 0.05); a positive correlation exists between socially prescribed perfectionism and personal distress (p 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings allow to identify socially prescribed perfectionism and perfectionistic cognitive style, that associated with personal distress, as targets of psychological correction.
Geleceğin İletişiminde Yapay Zekâ Sohbet Robotları: Ekşi Sözlük Girdilerinin İçerik Analizi
Authors: GAZAZ Doğan Can , GAZAZ Gamze
Published: February 2024

Modern anlamda, tarihi 2. Dünya Savaşı’na uzanan yapay zekâ, 2000’li yıllardan sonra günlük kullanımdaki dijital aletlere entegre edilmeye başlamıştır. Ancak bu teknolojiler yalnızca içeriğinde yapay zekâ destekli uygulama bulunan aletlere sahip insanlar tarafından deneyimlenebilmiştir. 30 Kasım 2022 tarihinde OpenAI firması tarafından ChatGPT adıyla kitlesel kullanıma sunulan sohbet robotu ile yapay zekâ kişisel ve profesyonel işlerde kullanılabilir hale gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, kitlelerin yapay zekâ sohbet robotuna yönelik deneyimlerini Ekşi Sözlük girdileri kapsamında sorgulayarak geleceğin iletişiminde yapay zekânın yerini tartışmaktır. Bu kapsamda, Ekşi Sözlük’te yer alan “ChatGPT” başlığından 30 Kasım 2022 – 28 Ağustos 2023 tarih aralığındaki tüm girdiler (4233 adet), Python dili ile oluşturulan algoritma ile alınmıştır. Üçer aylık dönemlere ayrılan veri seti, metin madenciliği teknikleriyle temizlenerek duygu analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardından dönemlik en fazla harf karakterine sahip toplamda 600 adet girdi, içerik analizi için örneklem olarak belirlenmiştir. İçerik analizi sonrası sonuçlar, dönemsel olarak karşılaştırıldı ve yapay zekâya yönelik pozitif içerikli kategorilerin negatif içeriklere göre baskın olduğu bulgulanmıştır.