bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of 1-D Nano-Confinement on the Kinetics of a Click-Chemistry Surface Reaction Used in Biosensors
Authors: Vereecke Guy , Debruyn Haroen , de Keyser Quinten , Vos Rita , Dutta Abhishek , Holsteyns Frank
Published: August 2018

In semiconductor manufacturing of 3-D nano-structures, modified kinetics have been encountered for the aqueous chemical etching of thin films in nano-confined spaces. A popular explanation relies on changes in reactant concentration from the overlap of electrostatic double layers (EDL) on opposite walls of the nano-structures. In this study, the cycloaddition of dibenzylcyclooctyne-PEG3-alcohol (DBCO) to a linear azide-terminated SAM was performed in nanochannels of width varying from 62 to 32 nm. ATR-FTIR was used to monitor the reaction kinetics, characterize water structuring and determine the pH in nanochannels. Reaction kinetics were slower in nanochannels as compared to a planar surface, while pH shifts were observed in absence of EDL overlap, with a significant influence of channel width. Actually only the overall decrease in reaction rate could be explained by EDL overlap. The discussion shows that the water structuring measured in nanochannels may play a significant role in the observed phenomena.
Optimization of Wet Strip for Metal Void Reduction in Trench First Metal Hard Mask Back End of Line Process
Authors: Sharma Asha , Gondeck Bruce , Singh Sunil , Tang Teck Jung , Scott Silas , Helal Philippe
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of wet strip clean for metal void reduction in trench first metal hard mask back end of line (BEOL) integration process in 14 nm Technology. A thicker TiN film is becoming important to resolve via-metal short yield and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) issues caused by the Litho-Etch-Litho-Etch (LELE) misalignment due to smaller patterning features. This brings the multitude of advanced integration technology need for complete TiN hard mask (HM) removal, post etch residue removal, ultra low-k dielectric (ULK) and Cu stability, interconnect resistance, and continuing high volume manufacturing (HVM) cost challenges together with environmental concerns and the waste handling/treatment cost. At GlobalFoundries, we achieved a wet strip clean process with a 45 % lower cost of ownership (CoO) while maintaining the TiN HM removal rate, baseline critical dimension (CD), normalized defect density (DOI), the ULK and Cu stability, via resistance, and yield.
Impact of Controlled Ni Contamination on Silicon Solar Wafer Material
Authors: Gocyla Mateusz , Haslinger Michael , Mertens Paul W. , John Joachim
Published: August 2018

Trace metal impurities are known to severely degrade the performance of silicon solar cells. The effect of Nickel dissolved in dilute cleaning solutions was studied in detail. Clean wafers were exposed to these mixtures.The resulting surface concentration and the effect on carrier lifetime upon thermal oxidation, were found to correlate with a first order relation to the concentration of Ni in the solution.The removal of Nickel from the surface by different cleaning recipes was evaluated and compared using thermal oxidation followed by carrier lifetime measurements.The resulting surface concentration and the effect on carrier lifetime upon thermal oxidation, were found to correlate with a first order relation to the concentration of Nickel in the solution.
Advanced Data Analysis Strategies for Understanding Particle Contamination in Chemical Distribution Systems
Authors: Green David , Rodier Dan
Published: August 2018

Advanced data analysis techniques can be implemented to quantitatively assess particle contamination data in state-of-the-art chemical distribution systems. Through examining the distribution of the rate of particle detection compared to Poisson’s distribution, it is possible to determine if particle variations are random or systematic and allow for the focus of improvement efforts to reduce particle levels with time. By analyzing the particle contamination data in the frequency domain via Fourier transform analyses, periodic cycles of contamination can be identified with the goal of associating contamination events with activities within the chemical delivery system.
Unexpected Pyramid Texturization of n-Type Ge (100) via Electrochemical Etching: Bridging Surface Chemistry and Morphology
Authors: Abrenica Graniel Harne A. , Lebedev Mikhail V. , Le Hy , Hajduk Andreas , Fingerle Mathias , Mayer Thomas , de Gendt Stefan , van Dorp Dennis H.
Published: August 2018

We report on the (electro) chemical etching behavior, surface morphology and composition of n-type Ge (100) in acidic halide solutions using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The use of an integrated (electro) chemical etching chamber connected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instrument to exclude the effect of oxygen from atmosphere is highlighted.
LFA-1 Ligation by High-Density ICAM-1 Is Sufficient To Activate IFN-γ Release by Innate T Lymphocytes
Authors: Sharma Akshat , Lawry Stephanie M. , Klein Bruce S. , Wang Xiaohua , Sherer Nathan M. , Zumwalde Nicholas A. , Gumperz Jenny E.
Published: August 2018

By binding to its ligand ICAM-1, LFA-1 is known to mediate both adhesion and costimulatory signaling for T cell activation. The constitutively high LFA-1 cell surface expression of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells has been shown to be responsible for their distinctive tissue homing and residency within ICAM-rich endothelial vessels. However, the functional impact of LFA-1 on the activation of iNKT cells and other innate T lymphocyte subsets has remained largely unexplored. In particular, it is not clear whether LFA-1 contributes to innate-like pathways of T cell activation, such as IFN-γ secretion in response to IL-12. Using a recombinant ICAM-1-Fc fusion protein to stimulate human iNKT cells in the absence of APCs, we show that LFA-1 engagement enhances their IL-12–driven IFN-γ production. Surprisingly, exposure to high densities of ICAM-1 was also sufficient to activate iNKT cell cytokine secretion independently of IL-12 and associated JAK/STAT signaling. LFA-1 engagement induced elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+ and rapid ERK phosphorylation in iNKT cells, and the resulting IFN-γ secretion was dependent on both of these pathways. Analysis of freshly isolated human PBMC samples revealed that a fraction of lymphocytes that showed elevated LFA-1 cell surface expression produced IFN-γ in response to plate-bound ICAM-1–Fc. A majority of the responding cells were T cells, with the remainder NK cells. The responding T cells included iNKT cells, MAIT cells, and Vδ2+ γδ T cells. These results delineate a novel integrin-mediated pathway of IFN-γ secretion that is a shared feature of innate lymphocytes.
Virtual Worlds Asian Perspectives: a Landscape with Peaks and Valleys
Authors: Lim Kenneth Y T
Published: August 2018

When highlighting patterns of usage of virtual worlds, the mass media tends to draw generalizations from anecdotal extremes of the neglect of families and acts of gang-related or self-inflicted violence; other generalizations are drawn about the outsourcing of the acquisition of in-game resources. We argue that understandings of virtual worlds from Asian perspectives must be broader than these naîve generalizations.
Die opbou van ’n missionale gemeente: ’n Verkenning van die invloed van Godsbegrip en liturgiese ervaring
Authors: Jansen van Rensburg Marthinus J.
Published: August 2018

The building up of a local missional congregation: The understanding of God and liturgy. The purpose of this article is to investigate the understanding of God by members of the Netherdutch Reformed Church (Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika [NHKA]), their liturgical experience and its influence on the development of a missional congregation. The world is currently in the midst of a wave of changes that have far-reaching implications for the church and, specifically, for the NHKA. In a changing world it is imperative that church members understand the value of the different metaphors of God as well as its value for the development of the missional congregation. From a practical-theological approach, this article aims to look at the influence of the liturgy of life on the development of a missional congregation.
Primary central nervous system Hodgkin Lymphoma: A case discussion and a hypothesis on the etiology
Authors: Alfaseh Ahmad , Rajeh Mhd Nabeel , Hamed Ghiath
Published: August 2018

Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a systemic disease with involvement of the cervical, supraclavicular, and mediastinal lymph nodes. It is commonly diagnosed in patients within the second and third decades of their lives. Diagnosis is usually made based on the distinct morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics, with the tissue biopsy being the cornerstone of workup. Extranodal presentation of HL is unusual and seldom encountered. Primary HL of the central nervous system (CNS) is exceedingly rare. We herein report a case of a 38yearold male patient who was diagnosed with primary CNSHL. The patient was treated with complete surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient was diseasefree for 7 years postoperatively without any clinical evidence of relapse. We also discussed a possible role of CNS regulatory Tcells (Tregs) in developmental primary CNSHL.
A dimensão jurídica da sustentabilidade à luz dos trinta anos da Constituição federal
Authors: Fernandes de Aquino Sérgio Ricardo
Published: August 2018

Este estudo trata sobre a importância da sustentabilidade e seu significado jurídico nesses trinta anos de vigência da Constituição federal de 1988. O objetivo é demonstrar como a definição de sustentabilidade em sua dimensão jurídica favorece a histórica compreensão sobre as relações entre humanos e não humanos e a necessária exigibilidade de ações que prejudicam o aperfeiçoamento dessa perspectiva harmônica. Na fase de investigação, utilizou-se o método indutivo. Conclui-se que houve avanços na aplicação do artigo 225 da Constituição, mas que o século XXI traz novos desafios ainda pouco compreendidos pela semântica constitucional.
Patient and Practice Trends in Total Ankle Replacement and Tibiotalar Arthrodesis in the United States From 2007 to 2013
Authors: Vakhshori Venus , Sabour Andrew F. , Alluri Ram K. , Hatch George F. , Tan Eric W.
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Both total ankle replacement (TAR) and tibiotalar arthrodesis (TTA) are used in the surgical management of ankle arthritis. Over the past decade, TAR instrumentation, techniques, and implants have improved, making the procedure more reliable and reproducible, thus making TAR more common.

Methods:

The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2007 to 2013 was used to obtain data on patients elder than 50 years who underwent either TAR or TTA. Differences in temporal, demographic, and diagnosis trends between TAR and TTA were analyzed.

Results:

Between 2007 and 2013, 15,060 patients underwent TAR and 35,096 underwent TTA. Patients undergoing TTA had significantly more comorbidities (2.17 versus 1.55; P < 0.001). The share of TAR performed increased significantly from 2007 (14%) to 2013 (45%) (P < 0.001). From 2007 to 2013, we found a 12-fold increase in the odds of having a TAR for patients with posttraumatic osteoarthritis (P < 0.001), a 4.9-fold increase for those with primary osteoarthritis, and a 3.1-fold increase for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Over the past decade, the frequency of TAR has increased, particularly in patients with posttraumatic arthritis and osteoarthritis. Surgeons still perform TAR in healthier patients compared with TTA; however, because surgeons become more experienced with the technique, patients are undergoing TAR at a markedly higher rate.

Level of Evidence:

Level III: retrospective comparative study
Parenting as an Acculturation Process: The Case of a Group of Indonesian Families
Authors: Santoso Meilanny Budiarti , Apsari Nurliana Cipta
Published: August 2018

Understanding role of the mothers in delivering their functions within families is an important factor to the formulation of profile of their children. Three main roles of mothers studied included parenting, learning at home and communicating, emphasizing to parenting only. The research was conducted to 13 mothers and children who are in their first grade of elementary school using in-depth interview and observation techniques. The research found that all informants are housewives, with level education of elementary school, and in their late thirties. The research confirm all of the children in the study are interacting with their mothers. The informats utilize trial-error strategy, and does not have sufficient comprehension in playing their roles. In this study, parenting function is conducted through verbal actions such as giving advices, prohibition, and forcing the children. However, there is also mothers who involve the children without forces, thus bringing awareness of the child to help the mother. Informants are not too actively involve in learning at home and communicating with school is limited to taking the child to school. Children experience psychic issues because of their environment, and academic achievement are below average. These indicated the need of performing competency enhancement for the mothers to help them in delivering their roles.
Is there Trust in the Scandinavia of India? On Understanding Generalized Trust in Kerala
Authors: Karlsson Magnus Olof
Published: August 2018

Kerala is considered as the most social advanced state of India, and can in many respects be seen as “the Scandinavia of India”. But despite the fact that Kerala scores high on the Human Development Index as well as many other welfare indicators, there are arguments that generalized trust—when people trust most people even if they do not know them—is low. In this text, Kerala is sometimes compared to Sweden, one social-democratic well-developed welfare state in Scandinavia, and it is argued that the family constellations, the historical relations between the working-class movement, the employers and the government, as well as the extensive remittance economy characterising Kerala, have reduced trust through creating large inequalities and decreasing civil engagement.
Culture and Consumerism in Jean Baudrillard: A Postmodern Perspective
Authors: Habib Munther Mohd.
Published: August 2018

Postmodernism is a very deceptive term. It is very hard to define the term as it encompasses various meanings for various critics. The critics like Michel Foucault, Jean Baudrillard, Jean Lyotard and Jameson attempt to define postmodernism in terms of culture and consumerism. Baudrillard’s Simulacra and Simulacrum is a vital work to define modernism in terms of culture and consumerism. The present paper attempts to study culture and consumerism in Jean Baudrillard’s work. The paper concludes that the postmodern society carried out death in all aspects of life.
Religious Occupations in the Holy City of Jerusalem in the 18th Century A.D. and Their Role in the Social Life (1112-1214H) (1700-1800 A.D.)
Authors: Khasawneh Asma Jadallah
Published: August 2018

This study shows the types of religious jobs in the city of Jerusalem in the eighteenth century AD; whether they were religious scientific jobs such as the judiciary, religious advisory (Mufti) and elocution, or religious social jobs such as syndicate of supervision, or religious administrative jobs such as the chiefdom of Haram, Imamate, the presidency of muezzins, or social educational jobs and the most important one was reading of the Quran, the Quran interpretation and preaching. For analyzing data qualitatively, the researcher used two sources; records and historical books The current study also reveals that most of these jobs were inherited among the Jerusalem families, which led to social influence of these families inside or outside Jerusalem. This study is significant due to the lack of studies on Jerusalem in the eighteenth century. Most studies did not give a complete picture about the attitudes of people in Jerusalem. In addition, Jerusalem currently exposed to global attempts to deny the historical and religious rights of Jerusalemites in Jerusalem, and erased the Arabic Islamic identity of Jerusalem.
A Comparative Study of Student Organizations in Mainland China and Hong Kong Universities - Based on the Perspective of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Associations
Authors: Yu Baoshan
Published: August 2018

In order to thoroughly apply the spirit of 18th National Congress of Communist Party of China, strengthening the work of youth under the new situation is the inner requirement of the Communist Youth League. Furthermore, it plays a needing role in doing the youth work under the new situation. As a bridge between college students and society, student organization is an important part of student affairs in universities. In addition, employing the advanced experience in organization management provides theoretical and practical significances to the work of the Communist Youth League in the new situation. Based on the student organization of Mainland and Hong Kong Universities, the project discusses the different performance of Mainland and Hong Kong Universities with the method of comparative study. From the view of student organizations of innovation and entrepreneurship, the project aims to offer the reference to student organizations in Mainland.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Plant Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: August 2018

Journal of Plant Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Plant Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to jps@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 2Aashima Khosla, University of California, USAAdriana F. Sestras, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, RomaniaAlireza Valdiani, University of Copenhagen, DenmarkHui Peng, Guangxi Normal University, ChinaLorenzo Stagnati, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, ItalyMarisa Jacqueline Joseau, National University of Cordoba, ArgentinaMartina Pollastrini, University of Florence, ItalyMatteo Busconi, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, ItalySlawomir Borek, Adam Mickiewicz University, PolandSyamkumar Sivpillai, Washington State University, USATomoo misawa, Donan Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, JapanUksha Saini, Ohio State University, USAVijayasankar Raman, University of Mississippi, USA
Urophyseal control of plasma ionic concentration in Oreochromis mossambicus (Pisces) exposed to osmotic stress
Authors: Baldisserotto Bernardo , Mimura Olga M. , Salomão Luiz C.
Published: August 2018

Freshwater-and seawater-adapted Oreochromis mossambicus were submitted to 5 different treatments (urophysectomy, sham operation, urophyseal extract injection, saline injection and control) and transferred to brackish water. In freshwater – adapted fish transfarred to brackish water, urophysectomy increases plasma Na+, K+, Ca+ and osmotic concentrations. In seawater-adapted fish transferred to brackish water, plasma Na+ and K+ concentration were lower in control than other treatment group. The utophysis seems to act only in the “fine tuning” of osmoregulatory processes. Adaptations to changes in the salinity of the medium probably are regulated mainly by prolactin and cortisol.
Tolerância às Metilxantinas e interações com o Sistema Dopaminérgico: possíveis implicações clínicas
Authors: Santos José Eduardo Tanus dos , Rocha João Batista T.
Published: August 2018

Recent studies have suggested that methylxanthines could change neuroleptics efficiency, since haloperidol or chlorpromazine-induced catalepsy is reversed by methylxanthines. However, these studies were made with acute administration of the drugs, disregarding the possible development of tolerance to methylxanthines. In the present mini-review of the literature it was observed that few studies investigated the tolerance to methylxanthines, furthermore there is some controversy between them. In our laboratory we found no tolerance to caffeine in relation to the etfect on the rat locomotor activity and its ability in reversing chlorpromazine-induced catalepsy. These results suggest that well-controled clinical studies with psychiatric patients in current use of both kinds of drugs are necessary to establish if methylxanthines actually change neuroleptics antipsychotic efficacy.
Developing a Reading Habit: Preparing for and Contributing to a Research Community
Authors: Crespo Sandra , Bieda Kristen , Dubbs Christopher
Published: August 2018

At the most recent MTE journal presentation during the NCTM Research Conference in Washington, DC, titled “Could I Publish This in MTE? Advice from Published Manuscripts in the MTE Journal” (Crespo, Chao, & Yow, 2018), we asked the audience the following questions:

Who is intending to write a manuscript for the MTE journal?

Who is a reviewer for the journal?

Who is a reader of the journal?
Assessing Prospective Teachers' Analysis of Teaching: How Well Can They Link Teaching and Learning?
Authors: Phelps-Gregory Christine , Spitzer Sandy M.
Published: August 2018

One goal in teacher education is to prepare prospective teachers (PTs) for a career of systematic re_ ection and learning from their own teaching. One important skill involved in systematic re_ ection, which has received little research attention, is linking teaching actions with their outcomes on student learning; such links have been termed hypotheses. We developed an assessment task to investigate PTs' ability to create such hypotheses, prior to instruction. PTs (N = 16) each read a mathematics lesson transcript and then responded to four question prompts. The four prompts were designed to vary along research-based criteria to examine whether different contexts in_ uenced PTs' enactment of their hypothesizing skills. Results suggest that the assessment did capture PTs' hypothesizing ability and that there is room for teacher educators to help PTs develop better hypothesis skills. Additional analysis of the assessment task showed that the type of question prompt used had only minimal effect on PTs' responses.
Using Narrative Writing to Learn What Beginning Teachers Notice
Authors: Brown Rachael Eriksen , Masloski Kimberly
Published: August 2018

This article shares the authors' use of written teaching replays as part of a professional development experience for beginning secondary mathematics teachers. This form of narrative writing is inspired by Horn's (2010) descriptions of teachers sharing their practice in professional learning communities. In this study, written teaching replays are used to gain insights about what beginning teachers noticed about their teaching practice and whether these noticings highlighted dilemmas or successes in their teaching practice. The analysis of teaching replays indicated that, despite being in their _ rst years of teaching, these beginning teachers' narrative writings focused least on management issues. Instead, the writings had a strong focus on mathematics or teaching mathematics as well as on social issues within their classrooms. These _ ndings counter the research literature that suggests beginning teachers are overwhelmingly concerned with classroom management. The authors conclude with their re_ ections on the potential of this form of narrative writing for beginning teachers and how it could be used by other mathematics educators.
Encouraging Teachers to Make Use of Multiplicative Structure
Authors: Feldman Ziv , Roscoe Matt B.
Published: August 2018

The literature has shown that preservice elementary school teachers (PSTs) struggle to adequately attend to a number's multiplicative structure to determine divisibility. This study describes an intervention aimed at strengthening preservice and in-service teachers' procedural knowledge with respect to using a number's prime factorization to identify its factors, and presents evidence of the impact of the intervention. Results point toward improved abilities to use a number's prime factorization to sort factors and nonfactors across four factor subtypes, to create factor lists, and to construct numbers with particular divisibility properties. Implications for mathematics teacher education include providing speci_ c materials and strategies for strengthening preservice and in-service teachers' procedural knowledge.
The Real Scoop on Math
Authors: Lancaster Ron
Published: August 2018

An activity involving ice cream is the focus of this month's Mathematical Lens.
Root Problems: Nonroutine Algebra Tasks
Authors: Dickman Benjamin
Published: August 2018

Explore three original problems, the thinking behind their formulation, how they can be solved, and related extensions.
Collecting Simulation Data with Google Forms
Authors: Nirode Wayne
Published: August 2018

During their work with statistics, students should be able to compare two treatments from a randomized experiment and use a simulation to determine statistical significance informally (CCSSI 2010a; CCSSI 2010b; Franklin et al. 2007). To achieve these goals, I developed a method to collect student data in my classroom from hands-on simulations. The advantage of hands-on simulations over using formulas is that students can develop a conceptual understanding of statistical significance when they see the variation that occurs from sample to sample as the results of the experiment are rerandomized each time the simulation runs. I first explain a specific classroom experiment and the hands-on simulation. I then describe how to use Google Forms and Google Sheets to convert the simulation data that students submit using their cell phones into a single column of data that can then be displayed as a dot plot.
Welcome to volume 24 MTMS: The Final Volume
Authors: Edwards Clayton
Published: August 2018

Over the past twenty-three years, Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School has been the premier publication for middle-level educators to find exciting activities, read about innovative pedagogical advancements, and keep up to date on what is new in the classroom to ensure that each and every middle school student has the best mathematical experiences possible. With the upcoming changes to the family of NCTM publications debuting in January of 2020 (in which middle level mathematics will still play a prominent role), we wanted to make the final volume of MTMS a celebration of the past and the present.
To Make or Not to Make a New Friend
Authors: Perkins Annie , Pettis Christy
Published: August 2018

Students are asked to solve a problem that involves people seated around a table and how to make a viable argument.
Collaboratively Engaging with GCFs and LCMs
Authors: Robinson Ellen , Cui Xiaowen , Warshauer Hiroko K. , Koehne Christina
Published: August 2018

Collaborative engagement provides an opportunity for students to construct and solidify their own knowledge and understanding of important mathematical ideas. According to Van de Walle, Karp, and Bay-Williams, “learning is enhanced when the learner is engaged with others working on the same idea” (2015, p. 52). In allowing students to work with their peers to practice problems and construct important mathematical connections, the students build on their combined prior knowledge to formulate newfound ideas and conjectures. We recognize that grouping students so that each group will function in a productive manner can often be difficult. Therefore, we have devised this activity that allows students to work together and communicate with ten different students individually. In a usual group setting, the students would get to work with one or two other students, but the format of this activity allows for more forms of mathematics communication and collaboration.
GASOLINE QUALITY: KEY TO EMISSION CONTROL
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ FEAL Mª MERCEDES DEL CORO , SANCHEZ FERNANDEZ BLANCA , SANCHEZ FERNANDEZ LUIS R.
Published: August 2018

Problems due to air pollution are not limited to the territory of one country, but affect or may affect other neighbouring countries. In Spain, the concern about environmental pollution as a consequence of emissions from cars and industries officially began in 1972 with Law 38/1972 on the protection of the atmospheric environment; as a result of this Law, the "characteristics, qualities and conditions of use of fuels" were officially defined and limited for the first time: Decree 2204/1975.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator
The Politics of Intermediality in African Theatre Contexts
Authors: Makhumula Catherine
Published: August 2018

In this article, I discuss the politics of intermediality in African theatre contexts. My underlying assumption is that the study of intermediality is inevitably contextual in nature because intermediality is strongly linked to the sociopolitical and economic context. Jens Schröter explores the links between intermediality and ideological/politico-economic factors in his article “The Politics of Intermediality.” He argues that questions concerning intermediality are by no means purely theoretical or aesthetic questions; rather, they are laden with political connotations. Following Schröter, my approach emphasizes how different cultures understand media differences and their interaction in a given historical phase. Using examples from the Southern region of the African continent, this article navigates through divergent theories of African theatre in its attempt to understand how media interrelations are conceptualized within the theoretical discourses in the region.
« Je cours mettre ceci dans la prochaine boîte, par une pluie battante qu’il fait… » : d’une lettre à la poste au mouvement des Écrivains de l’Est (1927-1934)
Authors: Bernier Stéphanie , Hébert Pierre
Published: August 2018

Entre 1927 et 1934, le mouvement des Écrivains de l’Est fait passer la ville de Sherbrooke et ses environs de « campagne » à pôle d’activité littéraire incontournable, grâce, notamment, au journal La Tribune qui publie d’importants suppléments littéraires en 1930, 1931 et 1932. Mais l’apport du journal, dont l’équipe de rédaction est majoritairement composée d’écrivains, ne suffit pas à expliquer comment ce mouvement régional s’est constitué. Il faut plutôt se tourner du côté de l’épistolaire pour trouver le principal facteur de cohésion du regroupement. À partir de la vaste correspondance d’Alfred DesRochers, animateur et chef de file de ce groupe d’écrivains, nous étudierons le rôle de la correspondance dans l’émergence et l’affirmation du groupe des Écrivains de l’Est dans la perspective de l’« action épistolaire », notion empruntée à Marie-Andrée Beaudet.
Occupational chronic injury: Educational guidelines to use with patients and industry
Authors: McCoy Thomas F.
Published: August 2018

Educational guidelines are offered to help clinicians explain the fundamental characteristics of chronic injury to companies and workers. The temporal profile of development is used to distinguish chronic injuries from accidents, relate them to conditioning, explain symptom expression behaviorally, and suggest new methods of case management and clinic and worksite collaboration. Adopting this model helps physicians study chronic injury patterns across patients and diagnoses. Designing outcomes measures is contingent on insurance companies modifying their claims questions and forms to accommodate chronic injury.
A new species ofLeptobrachium(Anura, Megophryidae) from western Thailand
Authors: Pawangkhanant Parinya , Poyarkov Nikolay A. , Duong Tang Van , Naiduangchan Mali , Suwannapoom Chatmongkon
Published: August 2018

We describe a new species of the genusLeptobrachiumfrom the Khao Laem Mountain, Suan Phung District, Ratchaburi Province, Tenasserim Region, western Thailand, based on molecular and morphological evidences. The new species,Leptobrachium tenasserimensesp. nov., can be distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) adult SVL of 41.4–58.8 mm in males and 54.7–58.6 mm in females; (2) rounded finger and toe tips; (3) relative finger lengths: II<IV<I<III; relative toe lengths: I<II<V<III<IV; (4) toe webbing thick and well developed; (5) inner metatarsal tubercle small; (6) iris bicolored, black ventrally and turquoise dorsally, with light blue sclera; (7) dorsum brown to grey with distinct darker markings edged with brown; (8) belly and limbs ventrally whitish with contrasting confluent black reticulations; (9) tympanum mostly free of dark marking; (10) narrow dark canthal stripe present; (11) lateral row of dark spots absent; (12) limbs dorsally with distinct dark bars; tibia with four to five dark transverse bars; (13) dense dark reticulation or large dark blotch at groin continuing to ventral and posterior sides of thighs; (14) femoral gland in shape of large white blotch; (15) males with single vocal sac, mature males lack lip spinules. Our study provides further evidence for a hidden biodiversity of montane areas of Tenasserim Region on the border of Thailand and Myanmar.
Oxidation‐resistant and thermostable forms of alpha‐1 antitrypsin from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies
Authors: Zhu Wei , Li Lanfen , Deng Mingjing , Wang Bo , Li Mengfei , Ding Guofang , Yang Zuisu , Medynski Dan , Lin Xiaotao , Ouyang Ying , Lin Jirui , Li Luyuan , Lin Xinli
Published: August 2018

Native α1‐antitrypsin (AAT) is a 52‐kDa glycoprotein that acts as an antiprotease and is the physiological inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteases. The main function of AAT is to protect the lung from proteolytic damage induced by inflammation. AAT deficiency (AATD) is a codominant autosomal disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in SERPINA1 gene, leading to reduced levels of serum AAT. The deficiency is known to increase the risk of pulmonary emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a consequence of proteolytic imbalance induced by inflammation, associated in many instances with cigarette smoking and other environmental hazards. Currently, the available therapy for lung disease associated with AATD is serum purified human AAT injected into patients on a weekly basis. It would be advantageous to replace serum‐derived AAT with a recombinant version which is stable and resistant to oxidation. We have expressed AAT in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies and developed a highly efficient refolding and purification process. We engineered a series of mutant forms of AAT to achieve enhance thermostability and oxidation resistance. Moreover, we synthesized an active form of AAT via cysteine‐pegylation to achieve a markedly extended half‐life in vivo. The resulting molecule, which retains comparable activity to the wild‐type form, is expected to be an improved therapeutic agent for treating hereditary emphysema. In addition, the molecule may also be used to treat other types of emphysema caused by smoking, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The Role of Water Treatment in the Tucson Colored Water Crisis
Authors: McGuire Michael J. , Pearthree Marie S.
Published: August 2018

Tucson, Ariz., experienced catastrophic problems with colored water and pipe corrosion in 1992, when Tucson water tapped into treated surface water from the central Arizona project; ultimately, the utility turned the disaster into a success.
Analysis and Visualization of Dynamic Networks Using the DyNet App for Cytoscape
Authors: Salamon John , Goenawan Ivan H. , Lynn David J.
Published: August 2018

Biological processes are regulated at a cellular level by tightly controlled molecular interaction networks, which are collectively known as the interactome. The interactome is not a static entity, but instead is dynamically reorganized or “rewired” under varying temporal, spatial, and environmental conditions. Most network analysis and visualization tools have, to date, been developed for static representations of molecular interaction data. Here, we describe a protocol that provides a step‐by‐step guide to DyNet, a Cytoscape 3 application that facilitates the visualization and analysis of dynamic molecular interaction networks. DyNet represents a dynamic network as a set of state graphs that are synchronized in their layout. This synchronization is managed in real time and is automatically updated when a graph is manipulated by a user (e.g., dragging, zooming, moving a node). DyNet also provides several statistical tools enabling users to quickly identify and analyze the most ‘rewired’ nodes across many network states. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Good Behavior Game in preschool classrooms: An evaluation of feedback
Authors: Wiskow Katie M. , Matter Ashley L. , Donaldson Jeanne M.
Published: August 2018

The Good Behavior Game (GBG) is a popular group contingency implemented to decrease disruptive behavior in classrooms. However, despite numerous replications of the GBG, there are few direct comparisons evaluating the effectiveness of specific components of the GBG. In the present study, we directly compared the type of feedback delivered during the GBG on the effectiveness of the GBG to reduce disruptive behavior in two preschool classrooms. Results showed that delivering vocal feedback (e.g., “raise your hand”) alone or in combination with visual feedback (i.e., hatch marks) was superior to no feedback or visual feedback alone during the GBG. These results suggest that different variations of the GBG are not equally effective and that a collection of effective procedural variations from which teachers can choose would be beneficial.
Use of a constrained hierarchical optimization dataset enhances knowledge‐based planning as a quality assurance tool for prostate bed irradiation
Authors: Lin Yen Hwa , Hong Linda X. , Hunt Margie A. , Berry Sean L.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

To investigate whether building a knowledge‐based planning (KBP) model with prostate bed plans constructed from constrained hierarchical optimization (CHO) would result in more efficient model construction with more consistent output than a model built using plans from a traditional, trial‐and‐error‐based optimization (TEO) technique.

Methods

Three KBP models were constructed from plans from subsets of 58 post‐prostatectomy patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy. TEO54 was built from 54 TEO plans, selected to represent typical clinical variations in target and organ‐at‐risk sizes and shapes. CHO30 and TEO30 were built from the same 30 patients populated with CHO and TEO plans, respectively. The three models were each applied to a new set of 18 patient scans and dose–volume histogram estimates (DVHEs) were generated for rectal and bladder walls and compared for each patient.

Results

CHO30 resulted in a significantly tighter range in DVHEs (P < 0.01) for both the rectal and bladder walls compared with either of the TEO models, indicating less uncertainty in the dose estimation. Plans resulting from KBP optimization using each model were very similar.

Conclusion

Populating a KBP model with CHO data resulted in a high quality model. Since CHO plans can be generated automatically offline in a process that necessitates little to no user interaction, a CHO‐KBP model can quickly adapt to changes in plan evaluation criteria or planning techniques without the need to wait to accrue sufficient numbers of clinical TEO plans. This may facilitate the use of KBP approaches for initial or ongoing quality assurance procedures and plan quality audits.
Precursors for Atmospheric Plasma‐Enhanced Sintering: Low‐Temperature Inkjet Printing of Conductive Copper
Authors: Knapp Caroline E. , Metcalf Elizabeth A. , Mrig Shreya , Sanchez‐Perez Clara , Douglas Samuel. P. , Choquet Patrick , Boscher Nicolas D.
Published: August 2018

Bidentate diamine and amino‐alcohol ligands have been used to form solid, water‐soluble, and air‐stable monomeric copper complexes of the type [Cu(NH2CH2CH(R)Y)2(NO3)2] (1, R=H, Y=NH2;2, R=H, Y=OH;3, R=Me, Y=OH). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Irrespective of their decomposition temperature, precursors1–3yield highly conductive copper features [1.5×10−6 Ω m (±5×10−7 Ω m)] upon atmospheric‐pressure plasma‐enhanced sintering.
Reap the Rewards of Pipeline Assessment
Authors: Quail Emma , Zhao Yiqing
Published: August 2018

Throughout North America, water pipeline replacement dominates infrastructure needs. It's critical for water utilities to initiate and manage a modern, methodical, and sustainable pipeline assessment program.
Take a Comprehensive Approach to CMMS Selection
Authors: Stuer Michael , Walsh Evan , Ramamurthy Aditya , Wilson Charles
Published: August 2018

Take time to identify and rank your utility's needs, engage key users and decision makers, and evaluate key criteria before selecting a computerized maintenance management system.
Preparation Is Key to Membrane Replacement
Authors: Capps Bruce A. , Movahed Ben B.
Published: August 2018

A Virginia water utility demonstrated how proper planning led to successful results during a recent reverse osmosis membrane replacement project.
Deformed $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ mechanics of (8, 8, 0) multiplets
Authors: Ivanov Evgeny , Lechtenfeld Olaf , Sidorov Stepan
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We construct new models of “curved” SU(4|1) supersymmetric mechanics based on two versions of the off-shell multiplet (8, 8, 0) which are “mirror” to each other. The worldline realizations of the supergroup SU(4|1) are treated as a deformation of flat

$$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$

N
=
8

, d = 1 supersymmetry. Using SU(4|1) chiral superfields, we derive invariant actions for the first-type (8, 8, 0) multiplet, which parametrizes special Kähler manifolds. Since we are not aware of a manifestly SU(4|1) covariant superfield formalism for the second-type (8, 8, 0) multiplet, we perform a general construction of SU(4|1) invariant actions for both multiplet types in terms of SU(2|1) superfields. An important class of such actions enjoys superconformal OSp(8|2) invariance. We also build off-shell actions for the SU(4|1) multiplets (6, 8, 2) and (7, 8, 1) through appropriate substitutions for the component fields in the (8, 8, 0) actions. The (6, 8, 2) actions are shown to respect superconformal SU(4|1, 1) invariance.
Edge state quantization: vector fields in Rindler
Authors: Blommaert Andreas , Mertens Thomas G. , Verschelde Henri , Zakharov Valentin I.
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We present a detailed discussion of the entanglement structure of vector fields through canonical quantization. We quantize Maxwell theory in Rindler space in Lorenz gauge, discuss the Hilbert space structure and analyze the Unruh effect. As a warm-up, in 1 + 1 dimensions, we compute the spectrum and prove that the theory is thermodynamically trivial. In d + 1 dimensions, we identify the edge sector as eigenstates of horizon electric flux or equivalently as states representing large gauge transformations, localized on the horizon. The edge Hilbert space is generated by inserting a generic combination of Wilson line punctures in the edge vacuum, and the edge states are identified as Maxwell microstates of the black hole. This construction is repeated for Proca theory. Extensions to tensor field theories, and the link with Chern-Simons are discussed.
The OPE of bare twist operators in bosonic SN orbifold CFTs at large N
Authors: Burrington Benjamin A. , Jardine Ian T. , Peet Amanda W.
Published: August 2018

Abstract

In this work, we explore the twist operator OPEs of a generic bosonic symmetric product (S

N
) orbifold CFT. We conjecture that at large N the OPE of bare twist operators contains only bare twists and excitations of bare twists with fractional Virasoro modes. These fractionally excited operators are the only ones that depend exclusively on the lengths of the twists and the central charge, agreeing with the general structure of correlators of bare twists at large N found in the literature. To provide evidence for this, we study the coincidence limit of a four point function of bare twist operators to several non-leading orders. We show how the coefficients of these powers can be reproduced by considering bare twist operators excited by fractional Virasoro modes in the exchange channels.
Community-Based Preventive and Remedial Measures to Prevent Violent Extremism: A Human Security Approach to Help Transform Conflicts, Improve Social Cohesion and Improve Local Security
Authors:   Human Security Collective (HSC)
Published: August 2018

This article, presented as part of a panel on “Community-based preventive and remedial measures” at a conference on Responses to Female Migration to ISIS, is on ways in which local communities are able to strengthen social cohesion and prevent growing polarization, especially in areas where radicalization to violent extremism takes place. The analysis is based on the Human Security Collective (HSC)’s work in Palestine, Libya, Tunisia and the Netherlands where we support local communities and the professionals who work with them on addressing systemic causes that lead to exclusion, alienation and possibly radicalization leading to violent extremism. We have learnt that approaches to prevent the attraction to violent extremism networks require methods and processes akin to those developed for conflict transformation. Some of the characteristics of this approach include the inclusion of different stakeholders, local ownership in defining problems and seeking solutions, the building of trusted relationships, the mentoring of young women and men who take on a peer-model role, and the development of innovative small-scale community activities that can then be taken up by the wider community. HSC and its partners connect these local community initiatives to policymakers at municipal, national and international levels. Through the process of facilitated dialogue we aim to create “safe spaces” where persons from different backgrounds and with different interests are able to meet and exchange practices and policies. In this way, policies are validated by lived realities and citizens become aware of the way that policies that influence local security are developed and executed. This dialogue leads to a mutual understanding of and improvement in security-related policies.
Modeling Cutaneous Radiation Injury from Fallout
Authors: Adams Grace , Yeddanapudi Neelima , Clay Matthew , Asher Jason , Appler Jessica , Casagrande Rocco
Published: August 2018

Objective

Beta radiation from nuclear weapons fallout could pose a risk of cutaneous radiation injury (CRI) to evacuating populations but has been investigated only cursorily. This work examines 2 components of CRI necessary for estimating the potential public health consequences of exposure to fallout: dose protraction and depth of dose.

Methods

Dose protraction for dry and moist desquamation was examined by adapting the biological effective dose (BED) calculation to a hazard function calculation similar to those recommended by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements for other acute radiation injuries. Depth of burn was examined using Monte Carlo neutral Particle version 5 to model the penetration of beta radiation from fallout to different skin tissues.

Results

Nonlinear least squares analysis of the BED calculation estimated the hazard function parameter θ1 (dose rate effectiveness factors) as 25.5 and 74.5 (Gy-eq)2 h−1 for dry and moist desquamation, respectively. Depth of dose models revealed that beta radiation is primarily absorbed in the dead skin layers and basal layer and that dose to underlying tissues is small (<5% of dose to basal layer).

Conclusions

The low relative dose to tissues below the basal layer suggests that radiation-induced necrosis or deep skin burns are unlikely from direct skin contamination with fallout. These results enable future modeling studies to better examine CRI risk and facilitate effectively managing and treating populations with specialized injuries from a nuclear detonation. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:463-469)