bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning Waste into Wealth: A Potent Sono‐Immune Strategy Based on Microcystis
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Ge Jun , Zhong Xiaoyan , Liu Luyao , Chen Linfu , Lu Shunyi , Ren Jiacheng , Chen Youdong , Sun Shumin , Song Zhuorun , Cheng Yuan , Cheng Liang
Published: June 2024

Currently, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has limited therapeutic outcomes and immune responses, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced strategies that can stimulate robust and long‐lasting antitumor effects. Microcystis, a notorious microalga, reveals the possibility of mediating SDT owing to the presence of gas vesicles (GVs) and phycocyanin (PC). Herein, a nontoxic strain of Microcystis elabens (labeled Me) is developed as a novel agent for SDT because it generates O2 under red light (RL) illumination, while GVs and PC act as cavitation nuclei and sonosensitizers, respectively. Moreover, algal debris is released after ultrasound (US) irradiation, which primes the Toll‐like receptor pathway to initiate a cascade of immune responses. This sono‐immune strategy inhibits CT26 colon tumor growth largely by promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation and cytotoxic T‐cell activation. After combination with the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), the therapeutic outcome is further amplified, accompanied by satisfactory abscopal and immune memory effects; the similar potency is proven in the “cold” 4T1 triple‐negative breast tumor. In addition, Me exhibits good biosafety without significant acute or chronic toxicity. Briefly, this study turns waste into wealth by introducing sono‐immunotherapy based on Microcystis that achieved encouraging therapeutic effects on cancer, which is expected to be translated into the clinic.
Membrane Fusion‐Mediated Loading of Therapeutic siRNA into Exosome for Tissue‐Specific Application
Authors: Xie Miao , Wu Yuqing , Zhang Yilun , Lu Ruiyang , Zhai Zimeng , Huang Yangyang , Wang Fujun , Xin Changchang , Rong Guangyu , Zhao Chen , Jiang Kai , Zhou Xujiao , Zhou Xingtao , Zhu Xinyuan , Hong Jiaxu , Zhang Chuan
Published: June 2024

Tissue‐specific delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics beyond the liver remains a key challenge in nucleic acid drug development. To address this issue, exploiting exosomes as a novel carrier has emerged as a promising approach for efficient nucleic acid drug delivery. However, current exosome‐based delivery systems still face multiple hurdles in their clinical applications. Herein, this work presents a strategy for constructing a hybrid exosome vehicle (HEV) through a DNA zipper‐mediated membrane fusion approach for tissue‐specific siRNA delivery. As a proof‐of‐concept, this work successfully fuses a liposome encapsulating anti‐NFKBIZ siRNAs with corneal epithelium cell (CEC)‐derived exosomes to form a HEV construct for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). With homing characteristics inherited from exosomes, the siRNA‐bearing HEV can target its parent cells and efficiently deliver the siRNA payloads to the cornea. Subsequently, the NFKBIZ gene silencing significantly reduces pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretions from the ocular surface, reshapes its inflammatory microenvironment, and ultimately achieves an excellent therapeutic outcome in a DED mouse model. As a versatile platform, this hybrid exosome with targeting capability and designed therapeutic siRNAs may hold great potential in various disease treatments.
Data‐Driven Design of Triple‐Targeted Protein Nanoprobes for Multiplexed Imaging of Cancer Lymphatic Metastasis
Authors: Shen Guodong , Jia Xiaohua , Qi Tianyi , Hu Zhenhua , Xiao Anqi , Liu Qiqi , He Keyu , Guo Weihong , Zhang Dan , Li Wanjun , Cao Genmao , Li Guoxin , Tian Jie , Huang Xinglu , Hu Yanfeng
Published: June 2024

Targeted imaging of cancer lymphatic metastasis remains challenging due to its highly heterogeneous molecular and phenotypic diversity. Herein, triple‐targeted protein nanoprobes capable of specifically binding to three targets for imaging cancer lymphatic metastasis, through a data‐driven design approach combined with a synthetic biology‐based assembly strategy, are introduced. Specifically, to address the diversity of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), a combination of three targets, including C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TfR1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is identified, leveraging machine leaning‐based bioinformatics analysis and examination of LN tissues from patients with gastric cancer. Using this identified target combination, ferritin nanocage‐based nanoprobes capable of specifically binding to all three targets are designed through the self‐assembly of genetically engineered ferritin subunits using a synthetic biology approach. Using these nanoprobes, multiplexed imaging of heterogeneous metastatic LNs is successfully achieved in a polyclonal lymphatic metastasis animal model. In 19 freshly resected human gastric specimens, the signal from the triple‐targeted nanoprobes significantly differentiates metastatic LNs from benign LNs. This study not only provides an effective nanoprobe for imaging highly heterogeneous lymphatic metastasis but also proposes a potential strategy for guiding the design of targeted nanomedicines for cancer lymphatic metastasis.
Ligand Driven Control and F‐Doping of Surface Characteristics in FASnI3 Lead‐Free Perovskites: Relation Between Molecular Dipoles, Surface Dipoles, Work Function Shifts, and Surface Strain
Authors: Basera Pooja , Traore Boubacar , Jiang Pingping , Pedesseau Laurent , Kepenekian Mikaël , Even Jacky , Katan Claudine
Published: June 2024

The performance and operational stability of perovskite‐based devices heavily rely on the interfacial properties between the photoactive perovskite layer and charge transport layers. Understanding the theoretical relationship between surface/interface dipoles and surface energetics is crucial for scientific understanding and practical applications. In this study, a method is applied that bridges classical electromagnetism and modern atomistic approaches. The impact of dipolar ligand molecules functionalizing the FASnI3 perovskite surface is investigated, with inspection of the interplay between surface dipole, charge transfer, and local strain effect, and corresponding shifts in the valence level. The results reveal that the contribution of individual molecular entities to surface dipoles and electric susceptibilities follows an essentially additive behavior. The influence of F doping usually used to mitigate Sn oxidation in Sn‐based layer for photovoltaic applications, is also discussed. Furthermore, the findings are compared with predictions from classical approaches employing a capacitor model that links the induced vacuum level shift and the molecular dipole moment. The insights gained from the study provide theoretical guidelines for fine‐tuning the work functions of materials, thus enabling effective interfacial engineering in this class of semiconductors.
Helicobacter Pylori‐Enhanced hnRNPA2B1 Coordinates with PABPC1 to Promote Non‐m6A Translation and Gastric Cancer Progression
Authors: Yu Yi , Yang Yan‐Ling , Chen Xiao‐Yu , Chen Zhao‐Yu , Zhu Jin‐Shui , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the primary risk factor for the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays pivotal roles in mRNA metabolism and hnRNPA2B1 as an m6A reader is shown to exert m6A‐dependent mRNA stabilization in cancer. This study aims to explore the role of hnRNPA2B1 in H. pylori‐associated GC and its novel molecular mechanism. Multiple datasets and tissue microarray are utilized for assessing hnRNPA2B1 expression in response to H. pylori infection and its clinical prognosis in patients with GC. The roles of hnRNPA2B1 are investigated through a variety of techniques including glucose metabolism analysis, m6A‐epitranscriptomic microarray, Ribo‐seq, polysome profiling, RIP‐seq. In addition, hnRNPA2B1 interaction with poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) is validated using mass spectrometry and co‐IP. These results show that hnRNPA2B1 is upregulated in GC and correlated with poor prognosis. H. pylori infection induces hnRNPA2B1 upregulation through recruiting NF‐κB to its promoter. Intriguingly, cytoplasm‐anchored hnRNPA2B1 coordinated PABPC1 to stabilize its relationship with cap‐binding eIF4F complex, which facilitated the translation of CIP2A, DLAT and GPX1 independent of m6A modification. In summary, hnRNPA2B1 facilitates the non‐m6A translation of epigenetic mRNAs in GC progression by interacting with PABPC1‐eIF4F complex and predicts poor prognosis for patients with GC.
Non‐Invasive Detection of Early‐Stage Fatty Liver Disease via an On‐Skin Impedance Sensor and Attention‐Based Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Kaidong , Margolis Samuel , Cho Jae Min , Wang Shaolei , Arianpour Brian , Jabalera Alejandro , Yin Junyi , Hong Wen , Zhang Yaran , Zhao Peng , Zhu Enbo , Reddy Srinivasa , Hsiai Tzung K.
Published: June 2024

Early‐stage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a silent condition, with most cases going undiagnosed, potentially progressing to liver cirrhosis and cancer. A non‐invasive and cost‐effective detection method for early‐stage NAFLD detection is a public health priority but challenging. In this study, an adhesive, soft on‐skin sensor with low electrode‐skin contact impedance for early‐stage NAFLD detection is fabricated. A method is developed to synthesize platinum nanoparticles and reduced graphene quantum dots onto the on‐skin sensor to reduce electrode‐skin contact impedance by increasing double‐layer capacitance, thereby enhancing detection accuracy. Furthermore, an attention‐based deep learning algorithm is introduced to differentiate impedance signals associated with early‐stage NAFLD in high‐fat‐diet‐fed low‐density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr−/−) mice compared to healthy controls. The integration of an adhesive, soft on‐skin sensor with low electrode‐skin contact impedance and the attention‐based deep learning algorithm significantly enhances the detection accuracy for early‐stage NAFLD, achieving a rate above 97.5% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 1.0. The findings present a non‐invasive approach for early‐stage NAFLD detection and display a strategy for improved early detection through on‐skin electronics and deep learning.
High‐Entropy Alloys and Their Affinity with Hydrogen: From Cantor to Platinum Group Elements Alloys
Authors: Glazyrin Konstantin , Spektor Kristina , Bykov Maxim , Dong Weiwei , Yu Ji‐Hun Yu , Yang Sangsun , Lee Jai‐Sung Lee , Divinski Sergiy V. , Hanfland Michael , Yusenko Kirill V.
Published: June 2024

Properties of high‐entropy alloys are currently in the spotlight due to their promising applications. One of the least investigated aspects is the affinity of these alloys to hydrogen, its diffusion, and reactions. In this study, high pressure is applied at ambient temperature and stress‐induced diffusion of hydrogen is investigated into the structure of high‐entropy alloys (HEA) including the famous Cantor alloy as well as less known, but nevertheless important platinum group (PGM) alloys. By applying X‐ray diffraction to samples loaded into diamond anvil cells, a comparative investigation of transition element incorporating HEA alloys in Ne and H2 pressure‐transmitting media is performed at ambient temperature. Even under stresses far exceeding conventional industrial processes, both Cantor and PGM alloys show exceptional resistance to hydride formation, on par with widely used industrial grade Cu–Be alloys. The observations inspire optimism for practical HEA applications in hydrogen‐relevant industry and technology (e.g., coatings, etc), particularly those related to transport and storage.
Investigation of Antibody Tolerance in Methanol for Analytical Purposes: Methanol Effect Patterns and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Mi Jiafei , Wu Weilin , Fei Jie , Lv Bochen , Yu Xuezhi , Wen Kai , Shen Jianzhong , Wang Zhanhui
Published: June 2024

The extraction of targets from biological samples for immunoassays using organic solvents, such as methanol, is often necessary. However, high concentrations of organic solvents in extracts invariably lead to instability of the employed antibody, resulting in poor performance of the immunoassay. Evaluating the tolerance ability and exploring the molecular mechanisms of antibody tolerance in organic solvents are essential for the development of robust immunoassays. In this work, 25 monoclonal antibodies and methanol are utilized as models to address these questions. A novel protocol is initially established to precisely and rapidly determine antibody tolerance in methanol, identifying two distinct methanol effect patterns. Through a detailed investigation of the structural basis, a novel hypothesis regarding methanol effect patterns is proposed, termed “folding‐aggregation,” which is subsequently validated through molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the investigation of sequence basis reveals significant differences in residue types within the complementarity‐determining regions and ligand‐binding residues, distinguishing the two antibody methanol effect patterns. Moreover, the methanol effect patterns of the antibodies are defined by germline antibodies. This work represents the first exploration of antibody methanol effect patterns and associated molecular mechanisms, with potential implications for the discovery and engineering of tolerant antibodies for the development of robust immunoassays.
Structure‐Property Correlations in CZTSe Domains within Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Photovoltaic Absorbers
Authors: Ngoipala Apinya , Ren Huan , Ryan Kevin M. , Vandichel Matthias
Published: June 2024

Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are promising materials for various applications. Two of four recently identified CuαZnβSnγSeδ (CZTSe) domains demonstrate metallic character, while the other two exhibit semiconductor character. The presence of both metallic and semiconductor domains in one NC can hugely benefit future applications. In contrast to traditional band gap studies in the NC community, this study emphasizes that NC domain interfaces also affect the electronic properties. Specifically, the measured band gap of a tetrapod‐shaped CZTSe NC is demonstrated to originate from two specific domains (tetragonal I and monoclinic P1c1 Cu2ZnSnSe4). The heterojunction between these two semiconductor domains exhibits a staggered type‐II band alignment, facilitating the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. Interestingly, tetrapod NCs have the potential to be efficient absorber materials with higher capacitance in photovoltaic applications due to the presence of both semiconductor/semiconductor interfaces and metal/semiconductor “Schottky”‐junctions. For the two photo‐absorbing domains, the calculated absorption spectra yield maximum photon‐absorption coefficients of about 105 cm−1 in the visible and UV regions and a theoretical solar power conversion efficiency up to 20.8%. These insights into the structure‐property relationships in CZTSe NCs will guide the design of more efficient advanced optical CZTSe materials for various applications.
Co‐delivery Nano System of MS‐275 and V‐9302 Induces Pyroptosis and Enhances Anti‐Tumor Immunity Against Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Ren Hong , Wu Zhenkai , Tan Jia , Tao Hui , Zou Wangyuan , Cao Zheng , Wen Binyu , Cai Ziyi , Du Jiaqi , Deng Zhihong
Published: June 2024

In the treatment of uveal melanoma (UVM), histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have emerged as a promising epigenetic therapy. However, their clinical efficacy is hindered by the suboptimal pharmacokinetics and the strong self‐rescue of tumor cells. To overcome these limitations, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive nanoparticles (NPs) are designed that encapsulate HDACi MS‐275 and the glutamine metabolism inhibitor V‐9302. Upon reaching the tumor microenvironment, these NPs can disintegrate, thereby releasing MS‐275 to increase the level of ROS and V‐9302 to reduce the production of glutathione (GSH) related to self‐rescue. These synergistic effects lead to a lethal ROS storm and induce cell pyroptosis. When combined with programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibodies (α‐PD‐1), these NPs facilitate immune cell infiltration, improving anti‐tumor immunity, converting “immune‐cold” tumors into “immune‐hot” tumors, and enhancing immune memory in mice. The findings present a nano‐delivery strategy for the co‐delivery of epigenetic therapeutics and metabolic inhibitors, which induces pyroptosis in tumors cells and improves the effectiveness of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Programming Piezoelectric Phase of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) via Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite for Enhanced Electromechanical Performance
Authors: Gong Yong‐Ji , Li Zhi‐Gang , Guo Tian‐Meng , Zhao Chen , Zhang Ying , He Min , Yu Jie , Li Wei , Bu Xian‐He
Published: June 2024

Fluoropolymers and metal halide perovskites (MHPs), as two classes of important piezoelectric materials, suffer from active phases through a facile process and brittleness led poor manufacturability, respectively. Here, TMCM‐CdCl3/PVDF nanocomposites (TMCM = trimethylchloromethyl ammonium, PVDF = polyvinylidene fluoride) are synthesized to overcome the above shortcomings. The abundant hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) sites in TMCM‐CdCl3 can interlock with H and fluorine (F) atoms within PVDF via C─H···Cl and C─H···F interactions. This programming effect augments the dipole alignment and consequently promotes the formation of polar phases within PVDF. The devices made by these nanocomposites exhibit high energy harvesting properties surpassing established MHP/PVDF analogues, and prominent performance in sensing delicate human motions. Moreover, the devices show exceptional capabilities for detecting underwater ultrasound waves. The signal intensity is ≈4 times that of commercial PVDF film devices, and the frequency distortion is only a quarter of that observed in commercial ceramic transducers. This study opens up new possibilities for developing high‐performance piezoelectric nanocomposites and the creation of advanced electromechanical devices.
Unveiling the Descriptor of Parasitic Reactions of Zinc Anode: A Comparative Study of Trace Pyridinesulfonic Acid‐Based Additives in Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Yujie , Zhao Zhiwei , Li Pengfei , Tang Guochuan , Chen Weihua , Peng Zhangquan
Published: June 2024

Understanding and controlling parasitic reactions on the Zn metal anode (ZMA) surface is essential to enhance the energy capabilities of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, the accurate regulation scheme is often obscured due to the lack of fundamental understanding concerning the ZMA/electrolyte interface. Herein, the descriptor of interfacial parasitic reactions is revealed through a systematic comparative study of three model trace adsorption‐type pyridinesulfonic acid‐based additives with structural variations. Using in situ spectroscopies coupled with density functional theory calculations, direct spectroscopic evidence of interfacial H2O evolution during Zn2+ deposition process is obtained. It is proposed that, beyond the traditional cognitions, the distance between solvated Zn(H2O)62+ and ZMA surface highly dictates the stability of ZMAs. Consequently, the trace 3‐Pyridinesulfonic acid with most effective capacity to drive solvated Zn(H2O)62+ away from the ZMA surface, enables a robust cycle life over 420 h for the Zn||Zn symmetric cell at 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2 (depth of discharge of 45%), a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.78% and an extended cycling life of 1500 cycles for the Zn//NH4V4O10 full battery. The work sheds light on the underlying mechanism of parasitic reactions on ZMA surface and provides fundamental insights into the design of trace additives for better ZIBs.
Regulating room temperature phosphorescence of carbazole quaternization pyridine in polymer through Hofmeister effect
Authors: He Runying , Yang Yun , Zhou Qian , Chang Shasha , Cheng Yi , Ma Xiurong , Shi Yonggang , Zheng Liyan , Cao Qiue
Published: June 2024

Hofmeister effect is a famous physical chemistry phenomenon that was reported a hundred years ago, which firstly refers to the action of certain salts to decrease the solubility of proteins while others increase. The Hofmeister effect on the luminescent properties of cationic organic fluorophore is still obscure, especially for their room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Herein, hydrophilic groups (quaternization pyridine) were introduced into carbazole molecules to obtain a series of carbazole derivatives (named CZ‐Py+) with different counter anions in the Hofmeister series. These carbazole derivatives displayed tunable fluorescent color from cyan to yellow in the solid state following the Hofmeister sequence and anti‐Hofmeister behavior in an aqueous solution. Moreover, RTP material with tunable emission color and lifetime was achieved by doping CZ‐Py+ with Hofmeister series anion in polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl alcohol, which displayed good performance in time getting information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting.
Mechanism research of type I reactive oxygen species conversion based on molecular and aggregate levels for tumor photodynamic therapy
Authors: Xu Youqin , Xie Yili , Wan Qing , Tian Jianwen , Liang Jing , Zhou Jianlong , Song Mu , Zhou Xinke , Teng Muzhou
Published: June 2024

Type I photosensitizers (PSs) with the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) containing superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical have promising application potential for treating hypoxia tumors, but the deep mechanism of type II ROS converts to the type I ROS in the PSs is still unclear, it is urgent to reveal influencing factors about inducing type I ROS generation. Herein, six PSs with aggregation‐induced emission properties, which were fabricated with the same electronic acceptor but different electronic donors and “π‐bridge”, have been successfully prepared to explore the influencing mechanism of generating superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical from organic PSs. Experimental results discovered two factors containing molecular structure and aggregated environment could decide the ROS efficiency and types of PSs. On the level of designing molecular structure, we discovered that “π‐bridge” with a lower energy level of the lowest triplet state could be beneficial for triggering the production of superoxide anion, and electronic donor of triphenylamine was an important factor in producing hydroxyl radical than another donor of dimethylamine. On the level of designing aggregates of PS‐based polymeric nanoparticles, bovine serum albumin could improve largely the generation efficiency of superoxide anion. Due to the satisfactory ROS efficiency and better biocompatibility, synthetic PSs showed excellent photodynamic therapy outcomes in vitro/vivo.
Clinal variation in quantitative traits but not in evolutionary potential along elevational and latitudinal gradients in the widespread Anthyllis vulneraria
Authors: Daco Laura , Colling Guy , Matthies Diethart
Published: June 2024

Premise

Strong elevational and latitudinal gradients allow the study of genetic differentiation in response to similar environmental changes. However, it is uncertain whether the environmental changes along the two types of gradients result in similar genetically based changes in quantitative traits. Peripheral arctic and alpine populations are thought to have less evolutionary potential than more central populations do.

Methods

We studied quantitative traits of the widespread Anthyllis vulneraria in a common garden. Plants originated from 20 populations along a 2000‐m elevational gradient from the lowlands to the elevational limit of the species in the Alps, and from 20 populations along a 2400‐km latitudinal gradient from the center of the distribution of the species in Central Europe to its northern distributional margin.

Results

Most traits showed similar clinal variations with elevation and latitude of origin, and the magnitude of all measured traits in relation to mean annual temperature was similar. Higher QST values than FST values in several traits indicated diversifying selection, but for others QST was smaller than FST. Genetic diversity of quantitative traits and neutral molecular markers was not correlated. Plasticity in response to favorable conditions declined with elevation and less strongly with latitude of origin, but the evolvability of traits did not.

Conclusions

The clinal variation suggests adaptive differentiation of quantitative traits along the two gradients. The evolutionary potential of peripheral populations is not necessarily reduced, but lower plasticity may threaten their survival under rapidly changing climatic conditions.
Animal models of tendon calcification: Past, present, and future
Authors: Li Ruichen , Lai Canhao , Luo Hong , Lan Yujian , Duan Xinfang , Bao Dingsu , Hou Zhipeng , Liu Huan , Fu Shijie
Published: June 2024

Tendon calcification is a common clinical condition that frequently occurs as a complication after tendon injury and surgery, or as an expression of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. This condition can be referred to by various names in clinical practice and literature, including tendon ossification, tendon mineralization, heterotopic ossification, and calcific tendonitis. The exact pathogenesis of tendon calcification remains uncertain, but current mainstream research suggests that calcification is mostly cell mediated. To further elucidate the pathogenesis of tendon calcification and to better simulate the overall process, selecting appropriate experimental animal models is important. Numerous animal models have been utilized in various clinical studies, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. In this review, we have discussed the advancements made in research on animal models of tendon calcification, with a focus on the selection of experimental animals, the sites of injury in these models, and the methods employed for modeling.
Effects of different nitric oxide synthases on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in hypoxic stress rat model
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaojun , Liu Jie , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2024

Background

Under hypoxia, exaggerated compensatory responses may lead to acute mountain sickness. The excessive vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) can lower the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and peripheral blood pressure. While NO is catalyzed by various nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, the regulatory roles of these types in the hemodynamics of pulmonary and systemic circulation in living hypoxic animals remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of different NOS isoforms on pulmonary and systemic circulation in hypoxic rats by employing selective NOS inhibitors and continuously monitoring hemodynamic parameters of both pulmonary and systemic circulation.

Methods

Forty healthy male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (NG‐nitro‐D‐arginine methyl ester, D‐NAME), L‐NAME group (non‐selective NOS inhibitor, NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester), AG group (inducible NOS inhibitor group, aminoguanidine), and 7‐NI group (neurological NOS inhibitor, 7‐nitroindazole). Hemodynamic parameters of rats were monitored for 10 min after inhibitor administration and 5 min after induction of hypoxia [15% O2, 2200 m a. sl., 582 mmHg (76.5 kPa), Xining, China] using the real‐time dynamic monitoring model for pulmonary and systemic circulation hemodynamics in vivo. Serum NO concentrations and blood gas analysis were measured.

Results

Under normoxia, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance were increased, and ascending aortic blood flow and serum NO concentration were decreased in the L‐NAME and AG groups. During hypoxia, pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly increased in the L‐NAME and AG groups.

Conclusions

This compensatory mechanism activated by inducible NOS and endothelial NOS effectively counteracts the pulmonary hemodynamic changes induced by hypoxic stress. It plays a crucial role in alleviating hypoxia‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Plasma pTau181 Reveals a Pathological Signature that Predicts Cognitive Outcomes in Lewy Body Disease
Authors: Abdelnour Carla , Young Christina B. , Shahid‐Besanti Marian , Smith Alena , Wilson Edward N. , Ramos Benitez Javier , Vossler Hillary , Plastini Melanie J. , Winer Joseph R. , Kerchner Geoffrey A. , Cholerton Brenna , Andreasson Katrin I. , Henderson Victor W. , Yutsis Maya , Montine Thomas J. , Tian Lu , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Poston Kathleen L.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To determine whether plasma phosphorylated‐Tau181 (pTau181) could be used as a diagnostic biomarker of concurrent Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) or amyloidosis alone, as well as a prognostic, monitoring, and susceptibility/risk biomarker for clinical outcomes in Lewy body disease (LBD).

Methods

We studied 565 participants: 94 LBD with normal cognition, 83 LBD with abnormal cognition, 114 with Alzheimer's disease, and 274 cognitively normal. Plasma pTau181 levels were measured with the Lumipulse G platform. Diagnostic accuracy for concurrent ADNC and amyloidosis was assessed with Receiver Operating Characteristic curves in a subset of participants with CSF pTau181/Aβ42, and CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 or amyloid‐β PET, respectively. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the associations between baseline and longitudinal plasma pTau181 levels and clinical outcomes.

Results

Plasma pTau181 predicted concurrent ADNC and amyloidosis in LBD with abnormal cognition with 87% and 72% accuracy, respectively. In LBD patients with abnormal cognition, higher baseline plasma pTau181 was associated with worse baseline MoCA and CDR‐SB, as well as accelerated decline in CDR‐SB. Additionally, in this group, rapid increases in plasma pTau181 over 3 years predicted a faster decline in CDR‐SB and memory. In LBD patients with normal cognition, there was no association between baseline or longitudinal plasma pTau181 levels and clinical outcomes; however, elevated pTau181 at baseline increased the risk of conversion to cognitive impairment.

Interpretation

Our findings suggest that plasma pTau181 is a promising biomarker for concurrent ADNC and amyloidosis in LBD. Furthermore, plasma pTau181 holds potential as a prognostic, monitoring, and susceptibility/risk biomarker, predicting disease progression in LBD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:526–538
Ein Direkter Syntheseweg zu closo‐SBnCln Thiaboranen aus Einfachen Elektronenpräzisen Startmaterialien: Die Unterschiedliche Rolle der Chalkogenbindungen in Kristallinem SB5Cl5 und SB11Cl11
Authors: Keller Willi , Lissner Falk , Ballmann Joachim , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Hnyk Drahomír , Schleid Thomas
Published: June 2024

Die Thiaborane closo‐SB5Cl5 (1) und closo‐1‐SB9Cl9 (2) wurden neben dem bereits bekannten closo‐SB11Cl11 (3) durch Co‐Pyrolyse von B2Cl4 mit S2Cl2 bei 280 °C im Vakuum hergestellt. Die Verbindungen sind sublimierbare, blass‐cremefarbene Feststoffe, deren elementare Zusammensetzung durch hochauflösende Massenspektrometrie bestimmt wurde. Sie wurden ferner durch ein‐ und zweidimensionale 11B NMR‐Spektroskopie und – im Falle von 1 und 3 – mittels Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Ab‐initio/GIAO/NMR‐Rechnungen stimmen mit den für 1, 2 bzw. 3 gefundenen oktaedrischen, doppelt überkappten quadratisch‐antiprismatischen bzw. ikosaedrischen Geometrien überein, wie aufgrund der Anzahl der für polyedrische closo‐Cluster typischen 2n+2 Gerüstelektronenzahl zu erwarten war. Hierbei ist 1 das erste isolierte Beispiel für ein neutrales closo‐Thiaboran mit weniger als zehn Clusterbausteinen und 3 ein seltenes Beispiel für ein ikosaedrisches Heteroboran, welches mittels Röntgenbeugung am Einkristall untersucht werden konnte. Die Kristall‐Packungskräfte in 1 und 3 sprechen für unterschiedliche Rollen der jeweiligen Chalkogen‐Bindung in diesen oktaedrischen und ikosaedrischen Clustern. Darüber hinaus fanden sich massenspektrometrische Hinweise auf die Bildung weiterer Thiaboran‐Homologe der Formel closo‐SBnCln mit n=4, 6, 10 und supra‐ikosaedrischem 12.
Single‐Anion Conductive Solid‐State Electrolytes with Hierarchical Ionic Highways for Flexible Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Xu Mi , Cao Rui , Hao Boying , Wang Dongdong , Luo Dan , Dou Haozhen , Chen Zhongwei
Published: June 2024

Flexible zinc‐air batteries are leading power sources for next‐generation smart wearable electronics. However, flexible zinc‐air batteries suffer from the highly‐corrosive safety risk and limited lifespan due to the absence of reliable solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Herein, a single‐anion conductive SSE with high‐safety is constructed by incorporating a highly amorphous dual‐cation ionomer into a robust hybrid matrix of functional carbon nanotubes and polyacrylamide polymer. The as‐fabricated SSE obtains dual‐penetrating ionomer‐polymer networks and hierarchical ionic highways, which contribute to mechanical robustness with 1200 % stretchability, decent water uptake and retention, and superhigh ion conductivity of 245 mS ⋅ cm−1 and good Zn anode reversibility. Remarkably, the flexible solid‐state zinc‐air batteries delivers a high specific capacity of 764 mAh ⋅ g−1 and peak power density of 152 mW ⋅ cm−2 as well as sustains excellent cycling stability for 1050 cycles (350 hours). This work offers a new paradigm of OH− conductors and broadens the definition and scope of OH− conductors.
Antifouling Asymmetric Block Copolymer Nanofilms via Freestanding Interfacial Polymerization for Efficient and Sustainable Water Purification
Authors: Chen Yu , Song Kaiyuan , Li Ziying , Su Yue , Yu Li , Chen Baiyang , Huang Qijing , Da Lintai , Han Zeguang , Zhou Yongfeng , Zhu Xinyuan , Xu Jia , Dong Ruijiao
Published: June 2024

Membrane materials that resist nonspecific or specific adsorption are urgently required in widespread practical applications, such as water purification, food processing, and life sciences. In water purification, inevitable membrane fouling not only limits membrane separation performance, leading to a decline in both permeance and selectivity, but also remarkably increases operation requirements, and augments extra maintenance costs and higher energy consumption. In this work, we report a freestanding interfacial polymerization (IP) fabrication strategy for in situ creation of asymmetric block copolymer (BCP) nanofilms with antifouling properties, greatly outperforming the conventional surface post‐modification approaches. The resultant free‐standing asymmetric BCP nanofilms with highly‐dense, highly‐hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) brushes on one side, can be readily formed via a typical IP process of a well‐defined double‐hydrophilic BCP composed of a highly‐efficient antifouling PEG block and a membrane‐forming multiamine block. The asymmetric BCP nanofilms have been applied for efficient and sustainable natural water purification, demonstrating extraordinary antifouling capabilities accompanied with superior separation performance far beyond commercial polyamide nanofiltration membranes. The antifouling behaviors of asymmetric BCP nanofilms derived from the combined effect of the hydration layer, electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance were further elucidated by water flux and fouling resistance in combination with all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. This work opens up a new avenue for the large‐scale and low‐cost creation of broad‐spectrum, asymmetric membrane materials with diverse functional “defect‐free” surfaces in real‐world applications.
Poly(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Capped Alloy and Core‐Shell AuAg Bimetallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Nguyen Diep T. H. , Salek Samaneh , Shultz‐Johnson Lorianne R. , Bélanger‐Bouliga Marilyne , Jurca Titel , Byers Joshua C. , Nazemi Ali
Published: June 2024

N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized metal nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted considerable attention. While most efforts in the field have been devoted to the development of NHC‐tethered monometallic NPs and enhancing their stabilities under various conditions, their bimetallic counterparts are rare in the literature. Herein, we demonstrate that the covalent immobilization of Au and Ag atoms on polymerized NHCs is a powerful method to access bimetallic AuAg NPs. In addition, we show that while AuAg alloy NPs are often obtained via this method, the use of bimetallic polymeric substrates with lower Ag content, relative to Au, results in the formation of core–shell NPs with Au core and Ag shell. Application of these nanomaterials for oxygen reduction reaction is demonstrated with all materials exhibiting electrocatalytic activity. This work demonstrates for the first time that while bimetallic poly(NHC‐metal)s are viable substrates to access NHC‐stabilized bimetallic NPs, careful adjustment of metal content in the polymeric substrates can finetune the microstructure of the resulting NPs, i.e. alloy vs. core–shell.
Inducing Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death through Oxygen‐Economized Photodynamic Therapy with Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Photosensitizers
Authors: Xu Feijie , Wang Meijun , Dotse Eunice , Chow Kwan T. , Lo Pui‐Chi
Published: June 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) for eradication of cancer cells. Its effectiveness is governed by the oxygen content, which is scarce in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. We report herein two zinc(II) phthalocyanines substituted with two or four nitric oxide (NO)‐releasing moieties, namely ZnPc‐2NO and ZnPc‐4NO, which can suppress the mitochondrial respiration, thereby sparing more intracellular oxygen for PDT. Using HT29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and A549 human lung carcinoma cells, we have demonstrated that both conjugates release NO upon interaction with the intracellular glutathione, which can reduce the cellular oxygen consumption rate and adenosine triphosphate generation and alter the mitochondrial membrane potential. They can also relieve the hypoxic status of cancer cells and decrease the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor protein HIF‐1α. Upon light irradiation, both conjugates can generate ROS and induce cytotoxicity even under a hypoxic condition, overcoming the oxygen‐dependent nature of PDT. Interestingly, the photodynamic action of ZnPc‐2NO elicits the release of damage‐associated molecular patterns, inducing the maturation of dendritic cells and triggering an antitumor immune response. The immunogenic cell death caused by this oxygen‐economized PDT has been demonstrated through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Hollow Core‐Shelled Na4Fe2.4Ni0.6(PO4)2P2O7 with Tiny‐Void Space Capable Fast‐Charge and Low‐Temperature Sodium Storage
Authors: Qi Xinran , Dong Hanghang , Yan Hao , Hou Baoxiu , Liu Haiyan , Shang Ningzhao , Wang Longgang , Song Jianjun , Chen Shuangqiang , Chou Shulei , Zhao Xiaoxian
Published: June 2024

Iron‐based mixed polyanion phosphate Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP) is recognized as a promising cathode for Sodium‐ion Batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. However, its inherent low conductivity and sluggish Na+ diffusion limit fast charge and low‐temperature sodium storage. This study pioneers a scalable synthesis of hollow core–shelled Na4Fe2.4Ni0.6(PO4)2P2O7 with tiny‐void space (THoCS‐0.6Ni) via a one‐step spray‐drying combined with calcination process due to the different viscosity, coordination ability, molar ratios, and shrinkage rates between citric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone. This unique structure with interconnected carbon networks ensures rapid electron transport and fast Na+ diffusion, as well as efficient space utilization for relieving volume expansion. Incorporating regulation of lattice structure by doping Ni heteroatom to effectively improve intrinsic electron conductivity and optimize Na+ diffusion path and energy barrier, which achieves fast charge and low‐temperature sodium storage. As a result, THoCS‐0.6Ni exhibits superior rate capability (86.4 mAh g−1 at 25 C). Notably, THoCS‐0.6Ni demonstrates exceptional cycling stability at −20 °C with a capacity of 43.6 mAh g−1 after 2500 cycles at 5 C. This work provides a universal strategy to design the hollow core–shelled structure with tiny‐void space cathode materials for reversible batteries with fast‐charge and low‐temperature Na‐storage features.
Hierarchical two‐dimensional Ti‐MOF derived from MXene for hybrid supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Li Sumin , Cheng Qiang , Ye Pingwei , Zhang Yang , Zhang Limin , Liu Feng , Qiu Han , Qu Xiaokun , Nie Yijing
Published: June 2024

Presently, two‐dimensional (2D) metal–organic framework (MOF) are drawing increasing attention in energy‐storage areas. However, more and complexed factors would affect the nucleation and growth of 2D MOFs, and subsequently affect the final performance. Particularly, it is important to control the coordination rate between ions and ligands. In this paper, MXene was directly used as titanium source to coordinate with an organic ligand to form Ti‐MOF sheets. To further boost the performance, mesopores were introduced in preparing 2D Ti‐MOF, constructing hierarchical porous Ti‐MOF@Ti3C2TX hybrids. Results showed that diffusion‐controlled behaviors play a dominant role over surface capacitive behaviors during the charge storage process of the hierarchical porous hybrids. A hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) assembled with the obtained HP‐Ti‐MOF@Ti3C2TX and activated carbon (AC) exhibited an energy density of 22.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 850 W kg−1 (1 A g−1), and a power density of 4.25 kW kg−1 at an energy density of 15.3 Wh kg−1 (5 A g−1). The present strategy is expected to provide design ideas for novel energy‐storage electrode materials.
Sn‐Doped Carbon Black as an Active Conductive Additive for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Hyeonsu , Kim Seonghee , Kang Jun , Lun Li Oi
Published: June 2024

Carbon black is commonly used as a conductive additive for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) electrodes owing to its high electrical conductivity and cost‐effectiveness. However, the role of traditional conductive additives has been limited to imparting conductivity to the electrode. In this study, we investigate the effect of incorporating Sn nanoparticles, which form an alloy with lithium, into a conductive carbon matrix (Sn@C) for enhancing the lithium storage capacity. This approach combines an active material with a conductive additive and successfully demonstrates the utilization of Sn@C as an “active” conductive additive for LIBs. Sn@C is synthesized via plasma engineering, wherein Sn nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed within a carbon matrix. When Sn@C‐500, Sn@C annealed at 500 °C, is used as an “active” conductive additive in LIB half‐cell with a graphite anode, ~10 % higher reversible capacity than that of a commercial conductive additive (Super P) is achieved. Further, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies reveal that Sn@C‐500 exhibits a lower internal resistance than Super P, confirming its effectivity in providing internal conductivity to the electrode. Our results open up the possibilities for improving the performance of graphite anodes in LIBs using Sn‐doped carbon as an active material and conductive additive.
Icaritin exhibits potential drug–drug interactions through the inhibition of human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase in vitro
Authors: Rong Yi , Li Nanxi , Qiao Xuan , Yang Lei , Han Peng , Meng Zhiyun , Gan Hui , Wu Zhuona , Zhu Xiaoxia , Sun Yunbo , Liu Shuchen , Dou Guifang , Gu Ruolan
Published: June 2024

Icaritin is a prenylflavonoid derivative of the genus Epimedium (Berberidaceae) and has a variety of pharmacological actions. Icaritin is approved by the National Medical Products Administration as an anticancer drug that exhibits efficacy and safety advantages in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of icaritin on UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms. 4‐Methylumbelliferone (4‐MU) was employed as a probe drug for all the tested UGT isoforms using in vitro human liver microsomes (HLM). The inhibition potentials of UGT1A1 and 1A9 in HLM were further tested by employing 17β‐estradiol (E2) and propofol (PRO) as probe substrates, respectively. The results showed that icaritin inhibits UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A7, 1A8, 1A10, 2B7, and 2B15. Furthermore, icaritin exhibited a mixed inhibition of UGT1A1, 1A3, and 1A9, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) were calculated to be 3.538, 2.117, and 0.306 (μM), respectively. The inhibition of human liver microsomal UGT1A1 and 1A9 both followed mixed mechanism, with Ki values of 2.694 and 1.431 (μM). This study provides supporting information for understanding the drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential of the flavonoid icaritin and other UGT‐metabolized drugs in clinical settings. In addition, the findings provide safety evidence for DDI when liver cancer patients receive a combination therapy including icaritin.
Synthesis of 9‐(substituted phenoxycarbonyl)‐10‐methylacridinium trifluoromethanesulfonates: Effects of the leaving group on chemiluminescent properties
Authors: Smith Keith , Holland Andy M. , Woodhead J. Stuart , El‐Hiti Gamal A.
Published: June 2024

Various 9‐(substituted phenoxycarbonyl)‐10‐methylacridinium trifluoromethanesulfonates possessing electron‐withdrawing substituents have been synthesized. The effect of substituents on the stability of the acridinium esters (AEs) at various temperatures in different buffers and the chemiluminescent properties have been examined. There was little correlation between the chemiluminescent properties of AEs and the pKa values of their associated phenols, but the steric effects of the ortho‐substituents in the phenoxy group, as well as their electron‐withdrawing natures, seem to play an important role in determining the properties. In general, when two identical substituents are present in the 2‐ and 6‐positions, the compound is significantly more stable than when only a single substituent is present, presumably because of greater steric hindrance from the second group. The exception is the 2,6‐difluorophenyl ester, which is less stable than the 2‐fluorophenyl ester, presumably because the fluoro group is small. Addition of a third electron‐withdrawing substituent at the 4‐position, where it has no steric influence, typically increases susceptibility to decomposition. The presence of a nitro group has a significant destabilizing effect on AEs. Of the AEs studied, the 4‐chlorophenyl ester showed the greatest chemiluminescent yield, while the 2‐iodo‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ester group showed the greatest stability in low pH buffers.
Effects of Chemical Modification on the Structure and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides Extracted from Inonotus Obliquus by Microwave
Authors: Xie Hao , Li Wenwen , Zhang Linghe , Eliyas Nurmamat
Published: June 2024

A novel polysaccharide, Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP), was extracted using a microwave extraction method and subsequently subjected to modifications through sulfation, carboxymethylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation. Its physical and chemical properties were analyzed using various chemical techniques, including high‐pressure liquid chromatography, ultraviolet light, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Congo red test, and scanning electron microscopy. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical assays, as well as by measuring the reducing power. Additionally, hypoglycemic activity was evaluated through α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase assays. The results indicated that the chemical modifications effectively altered the physical and chemical properties, as well as the biological activities of IOP. Compared to the unmodified IOP, the derivatives exhibited reduced sugar content, uronic acid content, and molecular weight, while demonstrating varying levels of antioxidant and hypoglycemic capabilities. Notably, the carboxymethylated IOP (IOP−C) displayed lower molecular weight, higher ABTS free radical scavenging rate, greater reducing ability, and increased α‐amylase inhibition rate. Therefore, IOP−C shows promise as a potential edible antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent.