bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confronting Judicial Supremacy: A Defence of Judicial Activism and the Supreme Court of Cananda's Legal Rights Jurisprudence
Authors: Kelly James B. , Murphy Michael
Published: August 2014

Cet article étudie la relation entre le contrôle constitutionnel exercé par la Cour Suprême du Canada et la démocratie en analysant la jurisprudence portant sur les droits garantis par laCharte.Plus précisément, l'article vise à engager le débat avec un groupe influent d'universitaires, les interprétivistes canadiens, illustrés par les contributions scientifiques de F. L. Morton, Rainer Knopff et Christopher P. Manfredi. Contrairement aux interprétivistes qui concluent que l'activisme judiciaire de la Cour Suprême du Canada a compromis le constitutionnalisme libéral, cet article suggère qu'il a plutôt renforcé la suprématie de la Constitution. Cet argument est développé en deux parties. Dans la première, les limites théoriques de la compréhension de l'intention du législateur historique sont explorées pour illustrer les difficultés conceptuelles auxquelles font face les interprétivistes canadiens dans leur tentative de démontrer que le pouvoir judiciaire au Canada est sans contrainte. Nous soutenons que la construction de la compréhension historique est une entreprise hautement subjective qui a crée le mythe de la suprématie judiciaire. Dans la deuxième partie, les limites empiriques de ce mythe sont discutées en identifiant le paradoxe de l'activisme judiciaire: comment il varie, ainsi que son effet, selon l'acteur étatique qui se trouve au centre du recours à laCharte.Grâce à une analyse de cas d'un ensemble de décisions portant sur les droits garantis, l'article confronte ce mythe en démontrant que l'activisme judiciaire contre la police ne renforce point la suprématie judiciaire mais bien celle de la Constitution. En redéfinissant la relation entre les citoyens et l'État par une jurisprudence activiste des droits, la Cour suprême du Canada a effectivement contrôlé des abus de pouvoir par les agents de police. Cet activisme sert bien l'avancement de la suprématie constitutionnelle, quoi qu'en disent les interprétivistes canadiens‥
Integrating Reciprocal Perspectives: On Gurvitch's Theory of Immediate Jural Experience
Authors: Banakar Reza
Published: August 2014

Cet article suggère que plusieurs idées de Gurvitch, présentées à l'origine de manière abstraite, ont gardé leur pertinence pour l'analyse socio-juridique. Sous une forme révisée qui permettrait leur application, elles seraient utilisables en recherche empirique. À cette fin, je réinterprète quelques une des principales approches théoriques de Gurvitch à la lumière de la recherche socio-juridique des dernières décennies. Je les applique par la suite aux données empiriques recueillies personnellement ou par d'autres chercheurs dans des études variées. Il s'agit de savoir si les perspectives théoriques de Gurvitch peuvent approfondir leur compréhension et ainsi ouvrir de nouvelles voies à la recherche socio-juridique.
Collective Memory and Judicial Legitimacy: The Historical Narrative of the Israeli Supreme Court
Authors: Barak-Erez Daphne
Published: August 2014

Les tribunaux jouent parfois le rôle d'historien et rapportent le récit d'affaires ayant une importance historique. Ils sont pleinement conscients de ce rôle “historique” lorsqu'ils sont appelés à prendre des décisions se rapportant à des faits historiques dans un litige relevant de leur compétence. Cet article est, par comparaison, centré sur l'écriture involontaire de l'histoire par les tribunaux lorsqu'ils rapportent un événement passé comme un fait historique incontestable, généralement à travers la doctrine de la connaissance judiciaire, en ignorant le fait que cette version puisse être contestée. Pour souligner ces propos, cet article se concentre sur les décisions prises par la Cour Suprême israélienne en particulier pendant la formation de l'Etat. Il affirme que le récit historique des juges, qui généralement font partie de l'élite d'une société, représente la version reconnue de la mémoire collective. Il s'efforce, ensuite, de mettre en lumière l'importance de ce récit dans la légitimité institutionnelle des tribunaux.
Extinction by Number: Colonialism Made Easy
Authors: Napoleon Val
Published: August 2014

L'existence en tant que nation peut être définie positivement, ce qui amènera un modèle civique de citoyenneté, ou négativement, par un modèle ethnique de citoyenneté. Chaque approche a un effet direct et formatif sur le pouvoir politique de la nation et ses relations nationales et internationales. Le modèle ethnique de définir les Premières Nations, introduit par les gouvernements coloniaux par voie législative et par traités ensuite et qui est adopté par les Premières Nations, rend leur pouvoir politique diffus et dénature leurs enjeux nationaux, en les délimitant essentiellement aux désavantages sociaux et économiques. Un modèle civique inclusif de la nation, par contre, permettra aux Premières Nations de rebâtir et de maintenir leur pouvoir et intégrité politiques en avançant au-delà de l'établissement de leurs frontières et de leur identité interne fondée sur le sang et l'appartenance ethnique. Les débats politiques et juridiques contemporains sur l'autonomie, les droits et titres autochtones et les traités partent surtout de conceptions occidentales de la nation, sur fond d'histoire et de cultures européennes. Les conceptions des Premières Nations demeurent peu articulées ou obscurcies, si elles ne sont pas mises de côté aux tables de négociation sur l'autonomie et les traités, au détriment des Premières Nations. La conséquence de cette approche est de renforcer le déséquilibre structural du pouvoir, plutôt que d'encourager un changement politique, économique et social positif pour les Premières Nations. Une approche différente s'impose. Les conceptions occidentales et autochtones de la nation et de la citoyenneté doivent être analysées et comparées de manière critique. Les Premières Nations doivent commencer à rebâtir des sociétés inclusives, civiques et viables fondées sur des nations plutôt que sur la notion inefficace des bandes empruntée à la Loi sur les Indiens.
Social Cohesion and Privatization in Canadian Health Care
Authors: Armstrong Hugh
Published: August 2014

Cet article traite de certains aspects du système de santé canadien qui secouent la cohésion sociale. Le plus populaire de tous les programmes sociaux, le système de santé, est régi par cinq principes définis dans laLoi canadienne de la santé. Chacun en soi et comme ensemble, ces principes contribuent à la cohésion sociale. Le système universel est cependant sous attaque de la part de différentes élites qui souhaitent privatiser certains éléments et dont la stratégie principale est appelée ici privatisation à la dérobée. Le texte aborde la rupture de la cohésion sociale par la privatisation de manière générale mais aussi en analysant le cas des centres communautaires ontariens d'accès aux soins qui sous-traitent, à travers la province, des fonds publics à des agences de soins à domicile qu'ils soient à buts lucratifs ou non.
Pouvoir normatif et protection sociale dans les fédérations multinationales
Authors: Poirier Johanne
Published: August 2014

In multinational polities, different orders of government are involved in determining the norms of social protection. In this context, this article addresses the question of who does what, how and why. The first section deals with the distribution of normative power concerning social protection in federal states and in the European Union. The second section examines a variety of devices enabling the articulation of shared power. Finally, a third section concentrates on the different functions of normative power in the social domain. The first one is obviously redistributive. Secondly, the exercise of normative power legitimises public institutions of all government levels involved. The third function, which is of particular interest in the context of multinational States (or political spaces such as Europe) consists in the consolidation of citizenship. The solidarity inherent in norms of social protection reflects the sense of belonging to a particular social group, and in this context, the nation. It can also serve to strengthen the sense of belonging to the larger political space, the multinational federation. In complex political structures, the power to establish norms of social protection contributes to the phenomenon of multiple loyalties and overlapping citizenship. Cementing citizenship in such a political context cannot succeed through homogenisation, but must respect the cultural dimension of social protection and the right to be different.
Droit et gouvernance. Pour une procéduralisation contextuelle du droit
Authors: Lenoble Jacques
Published: August 2014

Profound transformations of Western democracies are apparent today. These transformations express an insufficiency in traditional forms of social organisation. The question of governance, of its efficiency, has thus progressively become the major theme of our social debates. Law and social sciences have provided two contradictory responses to meet the need for a new approach to governance: either in terms of efficiency or in terms of procedural ethics. Even if both of these perspectives contain an element of truth, they are no doubt perceived to be intuitively unsatisfactory. It is this intuition of the insufficiency of these two solutions which our hypothesis (contextual proceduralization) aims to construct and to overcome. Our hypothesis states that the two solutions share, beyond their apparent opposition, the same presupposition which explains their parallel insufficiency. This common presupposition concerns their answer to the question of the ‘norm's mode of action’. How should we understand the operation by which society aims to regulate itself and to act upon itself by norms which it considers legitimate?
Aboriginal Governments and theCharter: Lessons from the United States
Authors: McNeil Kent
Published: August 2014

Le débat entourant l'application de laCharte canadienne des droits et libertésaux gouvernements autochtones se poursuit. Selon l'auteur, on n'a pas assez tenu compte au Canada de l'expérience américaine de l'application des droits garantis à ces gouvernements. Cette expérience montre qu'au cours des quarante dernières années décideurs politiques et juges se sont affrontés à cette question et ont tenté de trouver un équilibre entre la protection des droits individuels et le respect de la souveraineté et des traditions autochtones. À la lumière de l'expérience américaine, il serait trop simpliste de répondre par un simple oui ou non à la question de l'application de laCharteaux gouvernements autochtones. l'faudra notamment réfléchir à l'impact de laChartesur les cultures autochtones et au rôle des tribunaux canadiens dans l'adjudication de disputes à l'intérieur de communautés autochtones.
Les peuples américains et le système judiciaire canadien: Spéléologie d'un trou de mémoire
Authors: Savard Rémi
Published: August 2014

Why are First Nations overrepresented in Canadian prisons? The habitual answer is that the Canadian justice system is not adapted to Aboriginal cultures. This has given rise to various measures of adjustment, which have not, however, contributed significantly to halt the constant increase of overrepresentation. The author argues that this predicament is rather due to the lack of credibility that the Canadian justice system has in the eyes of Aboriginal peoples, given its involvement in the dismantling of Aboriginal institutions of social control since the middle of the nineteenth century. For this reason, first of all, one must dissociate oneself from certain founding myths of present-day Canada. Moreover, all must be set in motion to allow Aboriginal peoples to reappropriate their political institutions, including their own ways of administering justice. Make no mistake: it is not a question of returning to the past, but rather of moving ahead towards the future.
Mental Incapacity, Guardianship, and the Elderly: An Exploratory Study of Ontario's Consent and Capacity Board
Authors: Doron Israel
Published: August 2014

En 1992, l'Ontario a modifié complètement ses lois relatives à la tutelle d'un majeur et a promulgué de nouveaux textes de loi. Cette réforme légale novatrice a été l'aboutissement d'efforts législatifs longs et poussés, tendant à déplacer l'équilibre politique du paternalisme vers un système de tutelle du majeur respectant son autonomie. Depuis la promulgation des nouvelles lois portant sur la tutelle, aucune recherche evaluative (ni aucune autre recherche scientifique concernant ce problème) n'a été menée concernant le succès réel, les défaillances, l'implementation ou d'autres dimensions du nouveau régime. Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude exploratoire quant à l'expérience de tutelle des personnes âgées en Ontario, dans la perspective étroite mais néanmoins importante de la Commission du consentement et de la capacité de l'Ontario. Les résultats permettent de porter un regard sur la réalité de la tutelle des personnes âgées, de soulever des questions de fond et de dégager les dimensions qui devront être analysées dans des recherches ultérieures.
Corner and finger formation in Hele-Shaw flow with kinetic undercooling regularisation
Authors: DALLASTON MICHAEL C. , McCUE SCOTT W.
Published: August 2014

We examine the effect of a kinetic undercooling condition on the evolution of a free boundary in Hele-Shaw flow, in both bubble and channel geometries. We present analytical and numerical evidence that the bubble boundary is unstable and may develop one or more corners in finite time, for both expansion and contraction cases. This loss of regularity is interesting because it occurs regardless of whether the less viscous fluid is displacing the more viscous fluid, or vice versa. We show that small contracting bubbles are described to leading order by a well-studied geometric flow rule. Exact solutions to this asymptotic problem continue past the corner formation until the bubble contracts to a point as a slit in the limit. Lastly, we consider the evolving boundary with kinetic undercooling in a Saffman-Taylor channel geometry. The boundary may either form corners in finite time, or evolve to a single long finger travelling at constant speed, depending on the strength of kinetic undercooling. We demonstrate these two different behaviours numerically. For the travelling finger, we present results of a numerical solution method similar to that used to demonstrate the selection of discrete fingers by surface tension. With kinetic undercooling, a continuum of corner-free travelling fingers exists for any finger width above a critical value, which goes to zero as the kinetic undercooling vanishes. We have not been able to compute the discrete family of analytic solutions, predicted by previous asymptotic analysis, because the numerical scheme cannot distinguish between solutions characterised by analytic fingers and those which are corner-free but non-analytic.
Assessing Pediatric and Young Adult Substance Use Through Analysis of Prehospital Data
Authors: Seaman Elizabeth L. , Levy Mathew J. , Lee Jenkins J. , Godar Cassandra Chiras , Seaman Kevin G.
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Substance use in young adults is a significant and growing problem. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel often encounter this problem, yet the use of prehospital data to evaluate the prevalence and magnitude of substance abuse has been limited.

Hypothesis/Problem

This study evaluated drug and alcohol use through the use of prehospital and EMS data in one suburban county in Maryland (USA). The primary hypothesis was that the type of drug being abused is associated with age. The secondary hypothesis was substance abuse incidence is associated with location. The tertiary hypothesis was that substance abuse is associated with a history of mental illness.

Methods

Deidentified patient care reports (PCRs) were obtained during a 24-month period from October 2010 through September 2012 for patients 0 through 25 years of age. Inclusion criteria included chief complaint of alcohol overdose, drug overdose, or the use of naloxone.

Results

The primary hypothesis was supported that age was associated with drug category (P < .001). Younger adolescents were more likely to use household items, prescription drugs, or over-the-counter drugs, whereas older adolescents were more likely to use illicit drugs. The secondary hypothesis was supported that both alcohol (P < .001) and drugs (P < .001) were associated with location of call. Calls involving alcohol were more likely to be at a home or business, whereas calls involving drugs were more likely to be at home or at a public venue. The tertiary hypothesis was supported that both alcohol (P = .001) and drug use (P < .001) were associated with history of mental illness. Older adolescents were more likely to report a history of mental illness. Chi-squared tests indicated there were significant differences between genders and drug category (P = .002) and gender and current suicide attempt (P = .004). Females were more likely to use prescription drugs, whereas males were more likely to use illicit drugs. Calls involving younger adolescents under 18 were more likely to be at school or the mall, whereas calls involving older adolescents were likely to be at a prison, public venue, or a business.

Conclusion

All three hypotheses were supported: the type of substance being abused was associated with both age and location, and substance abuse was associated with a history of mental illness. This research has important implications for understanding how EMS resources are utilized for substance use. This information is valuable in not only the education and training of prehospital care providers, but also for the targeting of future public health interventions.

SeamanEL, LevyMJ, JenkinsJL, GodarCC, SeamanKG. Assessing pediatric and young adult substance use through analysis of prehospital data. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-6.
Dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Azeredo Catarina Machado , de Rezende Leandro Fornias Machado , Canella Daniela Silva , Moreira Claro Rafael , de Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro , Luiz Olinda do Carmo , Levy Renata Bertazzi
Published: August 2014

Objective

To analyse the dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents and investigate its association with sociodemographic factors as well as health-risk and health-protective behaviours.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

The study was based on data supplied by the National Survey of Schoolchildren’s Health (2012) on sociodemographic factors, dietary intake and health-risk and health-protective behaviours of schoolchildren in Brazil. A nutritional scale was elaborated combining markers of healthy and unhealthy diets. Poisson regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between the sociodemographic factors and regular intake (≥5 times/week) of selected foods; linear regression analysis was applied to investigate the association of sociodemographic and behavioural factors with nutritional scale score.

Subjects

A total of 109 104 adolescents attending the ninth year of education at 2842 schools in Brazil.

Results

Fewer than 30 % of the adolescents consumed raw or cooked vegetables on a regular basis, whereas more than one-third reported regular intake of sweets, soft drinks and sweet biscuits. Adolescents from the southern area and the oldest ones were those most exposed to inadequate dietary intake. The nutritional scale average score was higher in the students attending public school and exhibited a positive correlation with protective behaviours, such as being physically active, having meals with parents and eating breakfast, and a negative correlation with risk behaviours such as eating while studying or watching television and having smoked, drunk alcohol or used other drugs in the previous 30 d.

Conclusions

The results indicate an association between undesirable nutritional habits and other risk behaviours among Brazilian adolescents.
The LKB1-salt-inducible kinase pathway functions as a key gluconeogenic suppressor in the liver
Authors: Patel Kashyap , Foretz Marc , Marion Allison , Campbell David G. , Gourlay Robert , Boudaba Nadia , Tournier Emilie , Titchenell Paul , Peggie Mark , Deak Maria , Wan Min , Kaestner Klaus H. , Göransson Olga , Viollet Benoit , Gray Nathanael S. , Birnbaum Morris J. , Sutherland Calum , Sakamoto Kei
Published: August 2014

LKB1 is a master kinase that regulates metabolism and growth through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and 12 other closely related kinases. Liver-specific ablation of LKB1 causes increased glucose production in hepatocytes in vitro and hyperglycaemia in fasting mice in vivo. Here we report that the salt-inducible kinases (SIK1, 2 and 3), members of the AMPK-related kinase family, play a key role as gluconeogenic suppressors downstream of LKB1 in the liver. The selective SIK inhibitor HG-9-91-01 promotes dephosphorylation of transcriptional co-activators CRTC2/3 resulting in enhanced gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production in hepatocytes, an effect that is abolished when an HG-9-91-01-insensitive mutant SIK is introduced or LKB1 is ablated. Although SIK2 was proposed as a key regulator of insulin-mediated suppression of gluconeogenesis, we provide genetic evidence that liver-specific ablation of SIK2 alone has no effect on gluconeogenesis and insulin does not modulate SIK2 phosphorylation or activity. Collectively, we demonstrate that the LKB1–SIK pathway functions as a key gluconeogenic gatekeeper in the liver.
Mechanism for direct graphite-to-diamond phase transition
Authors: Xie Hongxian , Yin Fuxing , Yu Tao , Wang Jian-Tao , Liang Chunyong
Published: August 2014

Using classical molecular dynamics with a more reliable reactive LCBOPII potential, we have performed a detailed study on the direct graphite-to-diamond phase transition. Our results reveal a new so-called “wave-like buckling and slipping” mechanism, which controls the transformation from hexagonal graphite to cubic diamond. Based on this mechanism, we have explained how polycrystalline cubic diamond is converted from hexagonal graphite and demonstrated that the initial interlayer distance of compressed hexagonal graphite play a key role to determine the grain size of cubic diamond. These results can broaden our understanding of the high pressure graphite-to-diamond phase transition.
Quantum-enhanced metrology for multiple phase estimation with noise
Authors: Yue Jie-Dong , Zhang Yu-Ran , Fan Heng
Published: August 2014

We present a general quantum metrology framework to study the simultaneous estimation of multiple phases in the presence of noise as a discretized model for phase imaging. This approach can lead to nontrivial bounds of the precision for multiphase estimation. Our results show that simultaneous estimation (SE) of multiple phases is always better than individual estimation (IE) of each phase even in noisy environment. The utility of the bounds of multiple phase estimation for photon loss channels is exemplified explicitly. When noise is low, those bounds possess the Heisenberg scale showing quantum-enhanced precision with the O(d) advantage for SE, where d is the number of phases. However, this O(d) advantage of SE scheme in the variance of the estimation may disappear asymptotically when photon loss becomes significant and then only a constant advantage over that of IE scheme demonstrates. Potential application of those results is presented.
Sign inversion of circularly polarized luminescence by geometry manipulation of four naphthalene units introduced into a tartaric acid scaffold
Authors: Amako Tomoyuki , Nakabayashi Kazuki , Mori Tadashi , Inoue Yoshihisa , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane
Published: August 2014

Tethering four 1- vs. 2-naphthyls to the same chiral scaffold derived from tartaric acid led to oppositely signed circularly polarized luminescence and circular dichroism.
The surface chemistry of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: McGuire Christina V. , Forgan Ross S.
Published: August 2014

Techniques to selectively modify the surfaces of metal–organic framework particles are reviewed, with particular focus on materials properties and applications.
Bronze, silver and gold: functionalized group 11 organotin sulfide clusters
Authors: Eußner Jens P. , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: August 2014

The synthesis, properties and reactivity of group 11 organotin sulfide clusters [(R1Sn)4(SnCl)2(MPPh3)2S8] (M = Cu, Ag), [(R3Sn)10Ag10S20], and [(R1,3Sn)2(AuPPh3)2S4] with covalently bound, carbonyl or hydrazine-terminated ligands R1 = CMe2CH2C(Me)O or R3 = CMe2CH2C(Me)NNH2 are reported.
Copper–manganese mixed oxides: CO2-selectivity, stable, and cyclic performance for chemical looping combustion of methane
Authors: Mungse Pallavi , Saravanan Govindachetty , Uchiyama Tomoki , Nishibori Maiko , Teraoka Yasutake , Rayalu Sadhana , Labhsetwar Nitin
Published: August 2014

Mixed oxides of Cu and Mn (CuMn2O4) showed stable, multi-cycle performance and CO2-selectivity for chemical looping combustion reaction.
Dynamic propensity as an indicator of heterogeneity in room-temperature ionic liquids
Authors: Kim Daekeon , Jeong Daun , Jung YounJoon
Published: August 2014

Dynamic propensity of an RTIL system exhibits broad and asymmetric distributions, and spatial patterns of the dynamic propensity and mobility distribution are shown.
Chemical activity of oxygen vacancies on ceria: a combined experimental and theoretical study on CeO2(111)
Authors: Yang Chengwu , Yin Li-Li , Bebensee Fabian , Buchholz Maria , Sezen Hikmet , Heissler Stefan , Chen Jun , Nefedov Alexei , Idriss Hicham , Gong Xue-Qing , Wöll Christof
Published: August 2014

The chemical activity of oxygen vacancies on well-defined, single-crystal CeO2(111)-surfaces is investigated using CO as a probe molecule.
Generation of free oxygen atoms O(3P) in solution by photolysis of 4-benzoylpyridine N-oxide
Authors: Carraher Jack M. , Bakac Andreja
Published: August 2014

Photolysis of benzoylpyridine oxide in water generates oxygen atoms, O3P, in up to 36% chemical yield.
Electrical mobilities of multiply charged ionic-liquid nanodrops in air and carbon dioxide over a wide temperature range: influence of ion-induced dipole interactions
Authors: Fernández-García Juan , de la Mora Juan Fernández
Published: August 2014

Polarization correction enables inferring true cross-sections of globular ions from electrical mobility measurements performed in air and carbon dioxide over a wide temperature range (20–100 °C).
Molecular containers assembled through the hydrophobic effect
Authors: Jordan Jacobs H. , Gibb Bruce C.
Published: August 2014

This review focuses on molecular containers formed by assembly processes driven by the hydrophobic effect, and summarizes the progress made in the field over the last ten years.
Encapsulation and stabilization of polyoxometalates in self-assembled supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Pandya Vamangi M. , Kortz Ulrich , Joshi Sachin A.
Published: August 2014

Polyoxometalate assisted pH dependent self-assembled hydrogel formation.
Anion-controlled self-assembly of two NLO-active dinuclear and molecular square Cu(ii) enantiomeric pairs: from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling
Authors: Li Xi-Li , Kang Jia-Long , Zhang Xue-Li , Xiao Hong-Ping , Wang Ai-Ling , Zhou Liming , Fang Shao-Ming , Liu Cai-Ming
Published: August 2014

Two dinuclear and molecular square Cu(ii) enantiomeric pairs were obtained, and their magnetic properties are switched from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling.
Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of phosphoryl and carbomethoxyphenyl substituted corroles, and their anion detection properties
Authors: Yadav Pinky , Sankar Muniappan
Published: August 2014

Electron deficient triphosphoryl and tricarbomethoxycorroles were synthesized and utilized as sensors for basic anions such as F−, CH3COO− and H2PO4− ions with very low detection limits (0.04–0.06 μM).
Design of hydrothermally-stable dawsonite-based sorbents in technical form for CO2capture
Authors: Martin O. , Hammes M. , Mitchell S. , Pérez-Ramírez J.
Published: August 2014

Rationalisation of designing CO2capture sorbents in technical form unravelled viable routes towards hydrothermally stable extrudates based on dawsonite materials.
Metal–semiconductor transition like behavior of naphthalene-doped single wall carbon nanotube bundles
Authors: Khoerunnisa Fitri , Morelos-Gomez Aaron , Tanaka Hideki , Fujimori Toshihiko , Minami Daiki , Kukobat Radovan , Hayashi Takuya , Hong Sang Young , Choi Young Chul , Miyahara Minoru , Terrones Mauricio , Endo Morinobu , Kaneko Katsumi
Published: August 2014

Naphthalene (N) or naphthalene-derivative (ND) adsorption-treatment evidently varies the electrical conductivity of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles over a wide temperature range due to a charge–transfer interaction. The adsorption treatment of SWCNTs with dinitronaphthalene molecules enhances the electrical conductivity of the SWCNT bundles by 50 times. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of N- or ND-adsorbed SWCNT bundles having a superlattice structure suggests metal–semiconductor transition like behavior near 260 K. The ND-adsorbed SWCNT gives a maximum in the logarithm of electrical conductivity vs. T−1 plot, which may occur after the change to a metallic state and be associated with a partial unravelling of the SWCNT bundle due to an evoked librational motion of the moieties of ND with elevation of the temperature.
Three bisphosphonate ligands improve the water solubility of quantum dots
Authors: Abdul Ghani Siti Fatimah , Wright Michael , Paramo Juan Gallo , Bottrill Melanie , Green Mark , Long Nicholas , Thanou Maya
Published: August 2014

Synthesised Quantum Dots (QDs) require surface modification in order to improve their aqueous dispersion and biocompatibility. Here, we suggest bisphosphonate molecules as agents to modify the surface of QDs for improved water solubility and biocompatibility. QDs_TOPO (CdSe/ZnS–trioctylphosphine oxide) were synthesised following modification of the method of Bawendi et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B, 1997, 101, 9463–9475). QDs surface modification is performed using a ligand exchange reaction with structurally different bisphosphonates (BIPs). The BIPs used were ethylene diphosphonate (EDP), methylenediphosphonate (MDP) and imidodiphosphonate (IDP). After ligand exchange, the QDs were extensively purified using centrifugation, PD-10 desalting columns and mini dialysis filters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescent spectroscopy have been used to characterise the size and optical properties of the QDs. Cell toxicity was investigated using MTT (tetrazolium salt) and glutathione assays and intracellular uptake was imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy and assessed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). QDs_TOPO and QDs-capped with BIPs (QDs_BIPs) were successfully synthesised. TEM showed the size and morphology of the QDs to be 5–7 nm with spherical shape. The stabilised QDs_BIPs showed significantly improved dispersion in aqueous solutions compared to QDs_TOPO. The cytotoxicity studies showed very rapid cell death for cells treated by QDs_TOPO and a minor effect on cell viability when QDs_BIPs were applied to the cells. Both EDP- and MDP-modified QDs did not significantly increase the intracellular levels of glutathione. In contrast, IDP-modified QDs substantially increased the intracellular glutathione levels, indicating potential cadmium leakage and inability of IDP to adequately cap and stabilise the QDs. EDP- and MDP-modified QDs were taken up by IGROV-1 (ovarian cancer) cells as shown by fluorescence microscopy, however, the IDP-modified QD signal was not clearly visible in the cells. Cellular uptake measured by intracellular cadmium levels using ICP-MS showed significant uptake of all three BIPs QDs. The structure of BIPs appears to play a significant role in the ability of these molecules to act as capping agents. Our findings demonstrate a novel approach to produce water-dispersible QDs through ligand exchange with certain types of BIPs molecules that can find application in bioimaging.
Protein–phenolic interactions and inhibition of glycation – combining a systematic review and experimental models for enhanced physiological relevance
Authors: Vlassopoulos A. , Lean M. E. J. , Combet E.
Published: August 2014

(Poly)phenols exhibit antiglycative capacity through steric hindrance of key sites on proteins.
Structural–functional evaluation of ionic liquid libraries for the design of co-solvents in lipase-catalysed reactions
Authors: Rodrigues João V. , Ruivo Diana , Rodríguez Ana , Deive Francisco J. , Esperança José M. S. S. , Marrucho Isabel M. , Gomes Cláudio M. , Rebelo Luís Paulo N.
Published: August 2014

An experimental platform was established for the expedited evaluation of solvent effects on the protein structure and function.
Determination of Ag, Cu, Mo and Pb in soils and ores by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry
Authors: Popov Andrey M. , Labutin Timur A. , Zaytsev Sergey M. , Seliverstova Irina V. , Zorov Nikita B. , Kal’ko Ildar A. , Sidorina Yulia N. , Bugaev Ilya A. , Nikolaev Yuriy N.
Published: August 2014

Quantification of Ag, Cu, Mo and Pb in soils and rocks at the level of their crustal abundances by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry.
Synthesis of imidazothiadiazole–benzimidazole conjugates as mitochondrial apoptosis inducers
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Ponnampalli Swapna , Vishnuvardhan M. V. P. S. , Rao M. P. Narasimha , Mullagiri Kishore , Nayak V Lakshma , Chandrakant Bagul
Published: August 2014

A series of imidazothiadiazole–benzimidazole conjugates (3a–z) were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against a set of four selected human cancer cell lines. Compounds3band3yexhibited significant antiproliferative activity against the ME-180 (cervical) cell line.
A hybrid lipid oligonucleotide: a versatile tool for supramolecular chemistry
Authors: Gissot Arnaud , Oumzil Khalid , Patwa Amit , Barthélémy Philippe
Published: August 2014

Lipid oligonucleotides (LONs) self-assemble into supramolecular structures. This property has an impact on the biological effects of the oligonucleotide sequences.
Total synthesis and biological studies of cryptocin and derivatives of equisetin and fusarisetin A
Authors: Kong Lili , Rao Mingjin , Ou Jinjie , Yin Jun , Lu Weiqiang , Liu Mingyao , Pang Xiufeng , Gao Shuanhu
Published: August 2014

Total synthesis of cryptocin, derivatives of equisetin and fusarisetin A were achieved based on the biosynthetic hypothesis. The biological studies of their inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) survival and metastasis were further investigated.
Synthesis of isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione derivatives via cascade reactions of N-alkyl-N-methacryloyl benzamide with aryl aldehydes
Authors: Zhao Wannian , Xie Ping , Zhang Min , Niu Ben , Bian Zhaogang , Pittman Charles , Zhou Aihua
Published: August 2014

A cascade reaction betweenN-alkyl-N-methacryloylbenzamide and aryl aldehydes was developed to generate isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione derivatives.
A pyrenyl linked calix[4]arene fluorescence probe for recognition of ferric and phosphate ions
Authors: Sutariya Pinkesh G. , Pandya Alok , Lodha Anand , Menon Shobhana K.
Published: August 2014

A pyrenyl linked calix[4]arene fluroionophore has been synthesized and used as a ditopic chemosensing ensemble for Fe3+and H2PO4−using emission spectra. The detection limit of the synthesized receptor was found to be 0.88 pM for Fe3+and 1.11 pM for H2PO4−. Moreover, this probe has been applied for recognition of Fe3+in blood serum and H2PO4−in waste water.
Rational design of mimetic peptides based on aldo-ketoreductase enzyme as asymmetric organocatalysts in aldol reactions
Authors: Bayat Saadi , Tejo Bimo A. , Abdulmalek Emilia , Salleh Abu Bakar , Normi Yahaya M. , Abdul Rahman Mohd Basyaruddin
Published: August 2014

Excellent yield (up to 97%), enantioselectivity (up to 99%) and diastereoselectivity (up to 99/1) were obtained using mimetic peptides.
MnO2-assisted fabrication of PANI/MWCNT composite and its application as a supercapacitor
Authors: Yang Fan , Xu Maowen , Bao Shu-Juan , Sun Qiang-Qiang
Published: August 2014

MnO2 has been used as a sacrificial template to fabricate a core-shell structured polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite.
Internal and external morphology-dependent plasmonic resonance in monolithic nanoporous gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zeng Jianbo , Zhao Fusheng , Qi Ji , Li Yifei , Li Chien-Hung , Yao Yan , Lee T. Randall , Shih Wei-Chuan
Published: August 2014

We report morphology-dependent plasmonic resonance in monolithic nanoporous gold nanoparticles with a nanoscale internal porous network produced by the combination of lithographic patterning and dealloying.
Gold nanoparticle loaded phytosomal systems: synthesis, characterization and in vitro investigations
Authors: Demir B. , Barlas F. B. , Guler E. , Gumus P. Z. , Can M. , Yavuz M. , Coskunol H. , Timur S.
Published: August 2014

A novel liposomal formulation was synthesized by encapsulating both gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) andCalendula officinalisextract as AuNP-phytosomes and AuNP-phytosomes were characterized and used atin vitroinvestigations.
Thermosetting polyimides and composites based on highly soluble phenylethynyl-terminated isoimide oligomers
Authors: Meng Xiangsheng , Yan Jingling , Fan Weifeng , Liu Jingfeng , Wang Zhen , Li Guodong
Published: August 2014

Highly soluble phenylethynyl-terminated isoimide oligomers were investigated as matrix resins which can produce high performance thermosetting polyimides and composites.
Highly efficient removal of 137Cs in seawater by potassium titanium ferrocyanide functionalized magnetic microspheres with multilayer core–shell structure
Authors: Yi Rong , Ye Gang , Wu Fengcheng , Wen Mingfen , Feng Xiaogui , Chen Jing
Published: August 2014

Transition metal ferrocyanides were deposited on silica encapsulated magnetite particles for the effective decontamination of radiocesium.
Imino–phenolic–azodye appended rhodamine as a primary fluorescence “off–on” chemosensor for tin (Sn4+) in solution and in RAW cells and the recognition of sulphide by [AR–Sn]
Authors: Mahapatra Ajit Kumar , Manna Saikat Kumar , Maiti Kalipada , Maji Rajkishor , Mukhopadhyay Chitrangada Das , Sarkar Deblina , Mondal Tapan Kumar
Published: August 2014

A new azo-rhodamine based, AR was developed for fluorescent ‘turn-on’ sensing of Sn4+ ion.
Functional groups on POSS nanoparticles influence the self-assembled structures of diblock copolymer composites
Authors: Lu Yi-Syuan , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: August 2014

The influence of the functional groups presented by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles (NPs) on the self-assembled structures formed by diblock copolymer composites were detail discussed.
Synthesis of partially graphitic nanoflake-like carbon/Fe3O4magnetic composites from chitosan as high-performance electrode materials in supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Mengjiao , Wang Wenhua , Wang Wanren , Guo Xiaohui
Published: August 2014

Flake-like carbon-based iron oxide composites were preparedviaa hydrothermal reaction, followed by a carbonization processes, and they exhibit excellent recycling durability.
Semiconductor Pb2P2S6 and size-dependent band gap energy of its nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Xian , He Jianqiao , Chen Wei , Wang Chao , Zheng Chong , Lin Jianhua , Zhang Xia , Huang Fuqiang
Published: July 2014

Microcrystalline Pb2P2S6 powder was synthesized via a traditional melting salt method. The nanostructured Pb2P2S6 powder was further synthesized by a high-speed ball milling technique. The optical properties of the Pb2P2S6 powder show a size-dependence, with the band gap ranging from 2.56 eV to 2.88).
Simply combining fasudil and lipoic acid in a novel multitargeted chemical entity potentially useful in central nervous system disorders
Authors: Chen Meihui , Liu Qi , Liu Anmin , Tan Min , Xie Zhiyong , Uri Asko , Chen Ziwei , Huang Guangye , Sun Yang , Ge Hu , Liu Peiqing , Li Min , Li Xingshu , Wen Shijun , Pi Rongbiao
Published: August 2014

A novel multifunctional ROCK inhibitor, L-F001, was synthesized and biologically evaluated as a potential drug for the treatment of CNS disorders.
How do students work through organic synthesis learning activities?
Authors: Flynn Alison B.
Published: August 2014

Organic chemistry has the long-standing reputation as a challenging course, and organic synthesis is an aspect of organic chemistry that requires students to make the most links between concepts and requires the highest order of thinking. One-on-one interviews were conducted with students from a second undergraduate organic chemistry course in which participants solved synthesis problems using a think aloud protocol. Those problems had been previously designed to scaffold students' acquisition of synthesis problem-solving skills. The research question for this study asked whether students worked through the synthesis learning activities as designed, toward the intended learning outcomes. The results show that in some questions, students used or tried to use desirable problem solving skills, such as using reaction mechanisms and chemical principles to explore possible solutions. However, with other question types, students (i) relied on familiarity with the reactions in question and lacked a problem-solving strategy when they could not recall the answer or (ii) avoided the purpose of the question and attempted to provide an answer that the professor “wanted.” Strategies for promoting desired synthesis skills and addressing other issues are discussed.
Controlling charge separation in a novel donor–acceptor metal–organic framework via redox modulation
Authors: Leong C. F. , Chan B. , Faust T. B. , D'Alessandro D. M.
Published: August 2014

Donor–acceptor charge transfer interactions in a tetrathiafulvalene–naphthalene diimide-based metal–organic framework (MOF) are interrogated using a complementary suite of solid state spectroscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods along with computational calculations.
Solvent dependent interactions between droplets in water-in-oil microemulsions
Authors: Zheng Peizhu , Ma Yuanming , Fan Dashuang , Peng Xuhong , Yin Tianxiang , Zhao Jihua , Shen Weiguo
Published: August 2014

The interaction enthalpy of microemulsion droplets depends on the solvent type, varying from positive to negative.
Hydrogels by supramolecular crosslinking of terpyridine end group functionalized 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Wang Rong , Geven Mike , Dijkstra Pieter J. , Martens Penny , Karperien Marcel
Published: August 2014

Complexion of transition metal ions with a terpyridyl end-group 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) afforded either nano-particles or hydrogels at different concentrations.
Serine/threonine kinase 16 and MAL2 regulate constitutive secretion of soluble cargo in hepatic cells
Authors: In Julie G. , Striz Anneliese C. , Bernad Antonio , Tuma Pamela L.
Published: August 2014

MAL2 (myelin and lymphocyte protein 2) is thought to regulate at least two steps in the hepatic apical transcytotic pathway. As vesicle budding and delivery at each step are driven by complex machineries, we predicted that MAL2 participates in several large protein complexes with multiple binding partners. To identify novel MAL2 interactors, we performed split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid assays and identified STK16 (serine/threonine kinase 16) as a putative interactor which we verified morphologically and biochemically. As STK16 is a Golgi-associated constitutively active kinase implicated in regulating secretion and because of the massive constitutive secretory capacity of hepatic cells, we tested whether MAL2 and STK16 function in secretion. Expression of a dominant-negative kinase-dead STK16 mutant (E202A) or knockdown of MAL2 impaired secretion that correlated with decreased expression of albumin and haptoglobin. By using 19°C temperature blocks and lysosome deacidification, we determined that E202A expression or MAL2 knockdown did not interfere with albumin synthesis or processing, but led to albumin lysosomal degradation. We conclude that MAL2 and the constitutively active STK16 function to sort secretory soluble cargo into the constitutive secretory pathway at the TGN (trans-Golgi network) in polarized hepatocytes.
Speech-Language Pathology and Concussion Management in Intercollegiate Athletics: The Miami University Concussion Management Program
Authors: Knollman Porter Kelly , Constantinidou Fofi , Marron Kathleen Hutchinson
Published: August 2014

Purpose

The Miami University Concussion Management Program was established in 1999 to assess, manage, and monitor athletes who sustain concussions and experience neurobehavioral and neurocognitive symptoms secondary to their injury. The purpose of this article is to describe the established procedures of one of the oldest university-based interdisciplinary concussion management programs that is coordinated by speech-language pathologists (SLP).

Method

The theoretical and clinical underpinnings of baseline and postconcussion neurocognitive assessment and management procedures are discussed. Additionally, 2 illustrative case studies are presented to demonstrate the evolution and implementation of the interdisciplinary concussion management protocol and to present different patterns of concussion symptoms and recovery. Paper and computer-based neurocognitive assessment protocols are discussed and integrated in the case studies.

Results/Conclusions

Successful management of sport-related concussion requires an interdisciplinary team that understands the unique neurobehavioral and neurocognitive symptoms associated with sports concussions. SLPs can play a valuable role on the interdisciplinary team in the prompt and appropriate management of postconcussion symptoms so that athletes can successfully return to their athletic, academic, and social activities.
Cancers of the Tongue and Floor of Mouth: Five-Year File Audit Within the Acute Phase
Authors: Blyth Katrina M. , McCabe Patricia , Heard Robert , Clark Jonathan , Madill Catherine , Ballard Kirrie J.
Published: August 2014

Purpose

The impact of patient, surgical, and rehabilitation factors on speech and swallowing in the acute phase for patients following tongue and/or floor of mouth cancer surgery has not been reported to date. This study reviewed functional outcomes over a 5-year period at an Australian tertiary hospital.

Method

Patient medical files from July 2006 through 2011 were audited. Patient demographics, tumor and treatment, along with speech-language pathology (SLP) intervention details were examined.

Results

Speech and swallow function were significantly different between those with primary closure and those requiring reconstruction, with significantly higher referral rate to SLP following reconstruction. The clinical speech and swallow function at SLP assessment following reconstruction was a predictor for the number of SLP intervention sessions provided. The number of intervention sessions provided to these patients significantly correlated with upgrade in fluids during hospitalization.

Conclusion

This is the first published study to report a relationship between function and dosage of clinical SLP intervention with this population. It is also the first known study to audit comprehensive functional outcomes in the acute phase of recovery with an Australian cohort. The findings contribute to establishing evidence-based SLP practice with this population.