bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian framework for analyzing adsorption processes observed via time-resolved X-ray diffraction
Authors: Yokoyama Yuichi , Kawaguchi Shogo , Mizumaki Masaichiro
Published: September 2023

Clarifying dynamic processes of materials is an important research topic in materials science. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction is a powerful technique for probing dynamic processes. To understand the dynamics, it is essential to analyze time-series data using appropriate time-evolution models and accurate start times of dynamic processes. However, conventional analyses based on non-linear least-squares fitting have difficulty both evaluating time-evolution models and estimating start times. Here, we establish a Bayesian framework including time-evolution models. We investigate an adsorption process, which is a representative dynamic process, and extract information about the time-evolution model and adsorption start time. The information enables us to estimate adsorption properties such as rate constants more accurately, thus achieving more precise understanding of dynamic adsorption processes. Our framework is highly versatile, can be applied to other dynamic processes such as chemical reactions, and is expected to be utilized in various areas of materials science.
Construction of a novel circRNA-miRNA-ferroptosis related mRNA network in ischemic stroke
Authors: Xie Huirong , Huang Yijie , Zhan Yanli
Published: September 2023

Molecule alterations are important to explore the pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke (IS). Ferroptosis, a newly recognized type of regulated cell death, is related to IS. Identification of the interactions between circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and ferroptosis related mRNA may be useful to understand the molecular mechanism of IS. The circRNA, miRNA and mRNA transcriptome data in IS, downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, was used for differential expression analysis. Ferroptosis related mRNAs were identified from the FerrDb database, followed by construction of circRNA-miRNA-ferroptosis related mRNA network. Enrichment and protein–protein interaction analysis of mRNAs in circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was performed, followed by expression validation by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and online dataset. A total of 694, 41 and 104 differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were respectively identified in IS. Among which, dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and solute carrier family 2 member 3 (SLC2A3) were the only three up-regulated ferroptosis related mRNAs. Moreover, DUSP1, NCOA4 and SLC2A3 were significantly up-regulated in IS after 3, 5 and 24 h of the attack. Based on these three ferroptosis related mRNAs, 4 circRNA-miRNA-ferroptosis related mRNA regulatory relationship pairs were identified in IS, including hsa_circ_0071036/hsa_circ_0039365/hsa_circ_0079347/hsa_circ_0008857-hsa-miR-122-5p-DUSP1, hsa_circ_0067717/hsa_circ_0003956/hsa_circ_0013729-hsa-miR-4446-3p-SLC2A3, hsa_circ_0059347/hsa_circ_0001414/hsa_circ_0049637-hsa-miR-885-3p-SLC2A3, and hsa_circ_0005633/hsa_circ_0004479-hsa-miR-4435-NCOA4. In addition, DUSP1 is involved in the signaling pathway of fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis. Relationship of regulatory action between circRNAs, miRNAs and ferroptosis related mRNAs may be associated with the development of IS.
Klotho increases antioxidant defenses in astrocytes and ubiquitin–proteasome activity in neurons
Authors: Orellana Ana Maria , Mazucanti Caio Henrique , dos Anjos Leticia Pavan , de Sá Lima Larissa , Kawamoto Elisa Mitiko , Scavone Cristoforo
Published: September 2023

Klotho is an antiaging protein, and its levels decline with age and chronic stress. The exogenous administration of Klotho can enhance cognitive performance in mice and negatively modulate the Insulin/IGF1/PI3K/AKT pathway in terms of metabolism. In humans, insulin sensitivity is a hallmark of healthy longevity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if exogenous Klotho, when added to neuronal and astrocytic cell cultures, could reduce the phosphorylation levels of certain insulin signaling effectors and enhance antioxidant strategies in these cells. Primary cell cultures of cortical astrocytes and neurons from mice were exposed to 1 nM Klotho for 24 h, with or without glucose. Klotho decreased pAKT and mTOR levels. However, in astrocytes, Klotho increased FOXO-3a activity and catalase levels, shielding them from intermediate oxidative stress. In neurons, Klotho did not alter FOXO-3 phosphorylation levels but increased proteasome activity, maintaining lower levels of PFKFB3. This study offers new insights into the roles of Klotho in regulating energy metabolism and the redox state in the brain.
Preparation of high-crystalline and non-metal modified g-C3N4 for improving ultrasound-accelerated white-LED-light-driven photocatalytic performances
Authors: Tarighati Sareshkeh Abdolreza , Seyed Dorraji Mir Saeed , Karami Zhaleh , Shahmoradi Saeedeh , Fekri Elnaz , Daneshvar Hoda , Rasoulifard Mohammad Hossein , Karimov Denis N.
Published: September 2023

As a non-metallic organic semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received much attention due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, the photocatalytic activity of this semiconductor faces challenges due to factors such as low electronic conductivity and limited active sites provided on its surface. The morphology and structure of g-C3N4, including macro/micro morphology, crystal structure and electronic structure can affect its catalytic activity. Non-metallic heteroatom doping is considered as an effective method to tune the optical, electronic and other physicochemical properties of g-C3N4. Here, we synthesized non-metal-doped highly crystalline g-C3N4 by one-pot calcination method, which enhanced the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 such as mesoporous nature, reduced band gap, wide-range photousability, improved charge carrier recombination, and the electrical conductivity was improved. Hence, the use of low-power white-LED-light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm) and ultrasound (US) irradiation synergistically engendered the Methylene Blue (MB) mineralization efficiency elevated to 100% within 120 min by following the pseudo-first-order mechanism under the following condition (i.e., pH 11, 0.75 g L−1 of O-doped g-C3N4 and S-doped g-C3N4, 20 mg L−1 MB, 0.25 ml s−1 O2, and spontaneous raising temperature). In addition, the rapid removal of MB by sonophotocatalysis was 4 times higher than that of primary photocatalysis. And radical scavenging experiments showed that the maximum distribution of active species corresponds to superoxide radical $${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\cdot-}$$

O

2

·
-

. More importantly, the sonophotocatalytic degradation ability of O-doped g-C3N4 and S-doped g-C3N4 was remarkably sustained even after the sixth consecutive run.
Ameliorative effects of camel milk and silymarin upon aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic injury in rats
Authors: Hassaneen Nahla H. , Hemeda Shabaan A. , El Nahas Abeer F. , Fadl Sabreen E. , El-diasty Eman M.
Published: September 2023

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) poses a major risk to both human and animal health because it contaminates food, feed, and grains. These dangerous effects can be mitigated using natural components. The purpose of this study was to examine the ameliorative effects of camel milk and silymarin supplementation upon aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic injury in rats. This improvement was assessed by measuring leukocytic and deferential counts, serum biochemical parameters, and gene expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), antioxidant gene (NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)), and base excision repair genes (APE1 and OGG1) in the liver tissue, in addition to liver histopathology. Sixty mature males Wister white rats were used to perform the present study; the rats were distributed in six groups (ten rats/group). The control group (without any treatment) received saline by gavage. The camel milk group received 1 ml of camel milk/kg body weight. The silymarin group received 1 ml of silymarin suspension solution at a dose of 20 mg of silymarin/kg of b.wt. The aflatoxin group received an aflatoxin-contaminated diet at a dose of 1.4 mg of aflatoxin /kg of diet and received saline. The camel milk + aflatoxin group received the same previous oral doses of camel milk and an aflatoxin-contaminated diet at the same time. The silymarin + aflatoxin group received the same previous doses of silymarin orally and an aflatoxin-contaminated diet at the same time. The obtained data indicated the deleterious effect of aflatoxin B1 on the leukocytic count, activity of AST and ALT, serum proteins, ferritin, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, liver pathology, and the expression of the studied genes. However, these deleterious effects were mitigated by camel milk and silymarin supplementation. Thus, we could conclude that the ingestion of camel milk and silymarin mitigated the negative effects of AFB1 on the hematology, activity of AST and ALT, serum proteins, ferritin, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, liver pathology, and gene expression in the rat model.
Red blood cell distribution width for the prediction of outcomes after cardiac arrest
Authors: Urben Tabita , Amacher Simon A. , Becker Christoph , Gross Sebastian , Arpagaus Armon , Tisljar Kai , Sutter Raoul , Pargger Hans , Marsch Stephan , Hunziker Sabina
Published: September 2023

The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a routinely available blood marker that measures the variation of the size/volume of red blood cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the prognostic value of RDW in cardiac arrest patients and to assess whether RDW improves the prognostic value of three cardiac arrest-specific risk scores. Consecutive adult cardiac arrest patients admitted to the ICU of a Swiss university hospital were included. The primary outcome was poor neurological outcome at hospital discharge assessed by Cerebral Performance Category. Of 702 patients admitted to the ICU after cardiac arrest, 400 patients (57.0%) survived, of which 323 (80.8%) had a good neurological outcome. Higher mean RDW values showed an independent association with poor neurological outcomes at hospital discharge (adjusted OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.41; p < 0.001). Adding the maximum RDW value to the OHCA- CAHP- and PROLOGUE cardiac arrest scores improved prognostic performance. Within this cohort of cardiac arrest patients, RDW was an independent outcome predictor and slightly improved three cardiac arrest-specific risk scores. RDW may therefore support clinical decision-making.
Left ventricular hypertrophy and metabolic resetting in the Notch3-deficient adult mouse heart
Authors: Del Gaudio Francesca , Liu Dongli , Andaloussi Mäe Maarja , Braune Eike-Benjamin , Hansson Emil M. , Wang Qing-Dong , Betsholtz Christer , Lendahl Urban
Published: September 2023

The heart depends on a functional vasculature for oxygenation and transport of nutrients, and it is of interest to learn how primary impairment of the vasculature can indirectly affect cardiac function and heart morphology. Notch3-deficiency causes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) loss in the vasculature but the consequences for the heart remain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Notch3-/- mice have enlarged hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy and mild fibrosis. Cardiomyocytes were hypertrophic but not hyperproliferative, and the expression of several cardiomyocyte markers, including Tnt2, Myh6, Myh7 and Actn2, was altered. Furthermore, expression of genes regulating the metabolic status of the heart was affected: both Pdk4 and Cd36 were downregulated, indicating a metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation to glucose consumption. Notch3-/- mice furthermore showed lower liver lipid content. Notch3 was expressed in heart VSMC and pericytes but not in cardiomyocytes, suggesting that a perturbation of Notch signalling in VSMC and pericytes indirectly impairs the cardiomyocytes. In keeping with this, Pdgfbret/ret mice, characterized by reduced numbers of VSMC and pericytes, showed left ventricular and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In conclusion, we demonstrate that reduced Notch3 or PDGFB signalling in vascular mural cells leads to cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
Capture and transport of rod-shaped cargo via programmable active particles
Authors: Stengele Philipp , Lüders Anton , Nielaba Peter
Published: September 2023

We study the influence of the cargo shape on the capture and transport process of colloidal rods via swarms of active particles using Brownian dynamics simulations. Starting at random initial conditions, active particles that interact via the Lennard-Jones potential and possess a tuneable speed are utilised to capture passive rods inside a hexagonal cage of individually addressable units. By adjusting the velocity of the individual active particles, the rod can then be transported. To guarantee a successful capture process (with a strong localisation), we find that specific geometric and energetic constraints have to be met; i.e., the length of the rod must approximately be in the vicinity of an odd multiple of the lattice constant of the hexagonal cage, and the Lennard-Jones interaction strength must be in the range of $$3.0 \, k_B T$$

3.0

k
B

T

to $$6.0 \, k_B T$$

6.0

k
B

T

. If the cargo aspect ratio gets too large, the subsequent transport of successfully captured rods can fail. For systems where transport is possible, an increase in the cargo aspect ratio decreases the achievable transport velocity. Our work shows that the particle shape must be considered while designing interaction rules to accomplish specific tasks via groups of controllable units.
A FOCUS-PDCA quality improvement model for reducing the distribution defect rate of sterile packages
Authors: Huang Yongdeng , Huang Yan , Yi Liangying , Pan Wei , Chen Yanhua
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the application of the FOCUS-PDCA quality improvement model in terms of reducing the distribution defect rate of the sterile packages processed by the CSSD. The FOCUS-PDCA quality improvement model was applied to analyze the causes of the distribution defects of sterile packages, develop improvement measures, and compare the distribution defect rates before and after the application of the FOCUS-PDCA model. Following implementation of the FOCUS-PDCA quality improvement model, the distribution defect rate of sterile packages decreased from 1.74 to 0.37% (P < 0.05). The FOCUS-PDCA quality improvement model can produce a substantial reduction in the distribution defect rate of sterile packages, ensuring the quality of sterile supplies.
An easy adjustment of instrument settings (‘Peak MALDI’) improves identification of organisms by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry
Authors: Nellessen Christopher M. , Nehl David B.
Published: September 2023

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) is a mature technology with ‘auto-execute’ instrument settings and peak processing parameters tailored for rapid bacterial identification. Adoption for other organisms has been problematic, with optimisation efforts focusing on sample preparation. Using the Bruker MALDI Biotyper, we demonstrate ‘Peak MALDI’: easily-applied settings that immediately enhance sensitivity, improve spectrum quality, and increase identification confidence for any target, establishing its potential value for all MALDI-ToF MS systems.
Possible impacts of vegetation cover increment on the relationship between winter snow cover anomalies over the Third Pole and summer precipitation in East Asia
Authors: Yang Kai , Qi Qi , Wang Chenghai
Published: September 2023

Snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau (TP)–the Third Pole of the earth has been recognized as a reliable signal of summer floods or droughts in East Asia (EA). The distribution of snow cover can be influenced by vegetation, however, the impacts of changes in cover of non-growing season vegetation–withered grass stem over TP on the climatic effects of snow cover remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that the relationship between TP winter snow cover (TPWSC) and EA summer precipitation (EASP) strengthened starting in the early 1990s but weakened after the early 2000s. The weakening of the TPWSC–EASP relationship was linked to the effects of vegetation cover increment (VCI) on winter and spring snow cover over the TP. A possible mechanism behind this linkage is that VCI leads to a shortened persistence of TPWSC anomalies and weakened surface diabatic heating anomalies in spring. Consequently, the influences of TP thermal forcing on the downstream atmospheric circulation in summer were altered, resulting in a different pattern of EASP anomalies. These findings highlight the importance of snow—vegetation feedback and its potential to alter the effectiveness of snow cover in seasonal climate prediction.
A deep learning-based electrocardiogram risk score for long term cardiovascular death and disease
Authors: Hughes J. Weston , Tooley James , Torres Soto Jessica , Ostropolets Anna , Poterucha Tim , Christensen Matthew Kai , Yuan Neal , Ehlert Ben , Kaur Dhamanpreet , Kang Guson , Rogers Albert , Narayan Sanjiv , Elias Pierre , Ouyang David , Ashley Euan , Zou James , Perez Marco V.
Published: September 2023

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most frequently performed cardiovascular diagnostic test, but it is unclear how much information resting ECGs contain about long term cardiovascular risk. Here we report that a deep convolutional neural network can accurately predict the long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality and disease based on a resting ECG alone. Using a large dataset of resting 12-lead ECGs collected at Stanford University Medical Center, we developed SEER, the Stanford Estimator of Electrocardiogram Risk. SEER predicts 5-year cardiovascular mortality with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83 in a held-out test set at Stanford, and with AUCs of 0.78 and 0.83 respectively when independently evaluated at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Columbia University Irving Medical Center. SEER predicts 5-year atherosclerotic disease (ASCVD) with an AUC of 0.67, similar to the Pooled Cohort Equations for ASCVD Risk, while being only modestly correlated. When used in conjunction with the Pooled Cohort Equations, SEER accurately reclassified 16% of patients from low to moderate risk, uncovering a group with an actual average 9.9% 10-year ASCVD risk who would not have otherwise been indicated for statin therapy. SEER can also predict several other cardiovascular conditions such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Using only lead I of the ECG it predicts 5-year cardiovascular mortality with an AUC of 0.80. SEER, used alongside the Pooled Cohort Equations and other risk tools, can substantially improve cardiovascular risk stratification and aid in medical decision making.
Expression of the human usherin c.2299delG mutation leads to early-onset auditory loss and stereocilia disorganization
Authors: Crane Ryan , Tebbe Lars , Mwoyosvi Maggie L. , Al-Ubaidi Muayyad R. , Naash Muna I.
Published: September 2023

Usher syndrome (USH) is the leading cause of combined deafness and blindness, with USH2A being the most prevalent form. The mechanisms responsible for this debilitating sensory impairment remain unclear. This study focuses on characterizing the auditory phenotype in a mouse model expressing the c.2290delG mutation in usherin equivalent to human frameshift mutation c.2299delG. Previously we described how this model reproduces patient’s retinal phenotypes. Here, we present the cochlear phenotype, showing that the mutant usherin, is expressed during early postnatal stages. The c.2290delG mutation results in a truncated protein that is mislocalized within the cell body of the hair cells. The knock-in model also exhibits congenital hearing loss that remains consistent throughout the animal’s lifespan. Structurally, the stereocilia bundles, particularly in regions associated with functional hearing loss, are disorganized. Our findings shed light on the role of usherin in maintaining structural support, specifically in longer inner hair cell stereocilia, during development, which is crucial for proper bundle organization and hair cell function. Overall, we present a genetic mouse model with cochlear defects associated with the c.2290delG mutation, providing insights into the etiology of hearing loss and offering potential avenues for the development of effective therapeutic treatments for USH2A patients.
Copper-catalyzed intermolecular formal (5 + 1) annulation of 1,5-diynes with 1,2,5-oxadiazoles
Authors: Chen Can-Ming , Yang Ye-Nan , Kong Yin-Zhu , Zhu Bo-Han , Qian Peng-Cheng , Zhou Bo , Ye Long-Wu
Published: September 2023

One-carbon homologation reactions based on one-carbon insertion into the N−O bond of heterocycles have received tremendous interest over the past decades. However, these protocols have to rely on the use of hazardous and not easily accessible diazo compounds as precursors, and examples of the relevant asymmetric catalysis have not been reported. Here we show that a copper-catalyzed intermolecular formal (5 + 1) annulation of 1,5-diynes with 1,2,5-oxadiazoles involving one-carbon insertion into the heterocyclic N−O bond via non-diazo approach. This method enables practical and atom-economic synthesis of valuable pyrrole-substituted oxadiazines in generally moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. In addition, the possibility of such an asymmetric formal (5 + 1) annulation also emerges.
Spiral spin cluster in the hyperkagome antiferromagnet Mn3RhSi
Authors: Shamoto Shin-ichi , Yamauchi Hiroki , Iida Kazuki , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Hall Amelia Elisabeth , Chen Yu-Sheng , Lee Min Kai , Balakrishnan Geetha , Chang Lieh-Jeng
Published: September 2023

Local spin correlation orders emerge in a paramagnetic state, with notable examples such as the partial order, cooperative paramagnetism, and soliton spin liquid. The noncentrosymmetric intermetallic antiferromagnet Mn3RhSi also exhibits the local spin correlation order in the paramagnetic state as magnetic short-range order in a wide temperature range. Here, we show that the local spin correlation order has a spiral structure by neutron scattering measurement of a Mn3RhSi single crystal. The possible origins of the magnetic cluster formation are discussed in terms of the Lifshitz invariant and the Griffiths phase, and compared with the room-temperature skyrmion phase of Co7Zn7Mn6 and non-Fermi liquid behavior of β-Mn.
Trace detection of methcathinone in sewage using targeted extraction based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ling Jiang , Zhang Wenqi , Xiang Ping , Liao Yingyuan , Li Jiahao , Zhang Zhihua , Ding Yanjun
Published: September 2023

Methcathinone, a new psychoactive substance (NPS), poses a serious threat to public health.
A novel approach for lactose determination in cow's milk exploiting smartphone-based digital-image photometry
Authors: Malho Alves Rita de Cassia , Martins Luís Claudio , Rocha Fábio R. P.
Published: September 2023

A novel approach for determination of lactose in milk based on Benedict' method.
Density functional theory and machine learning for electrochemical square-scheme prediction: an application to quinone-type molecules relevant to redox flow batteries
Authors: Hashemi Arsalan , Khakpour Reza , Mahdian Amir , Busch Michael , Peljo Pekka , Laasonen Kari
Published: September 2023

Computational high-throughput is used to evaluate proton–electron transfer reactions of quinone-type compounds that are potentially useful for energy storage.
Formation of MnO2-coated ITO electrodes with high catalytic activity for enzymatic glucose detection
Authors: Poltavets Veronika , Krawczyk Mirosław , Maslak Ganna , Abraimova Olga , Jönsson-Niedziółka Martin
Published: September 2023

The catalytic properties of MnO2 depend strongly on deposition conditions. We systematically investigate the activity of MnO2 films towards H2O2 decomposition and exemplify this by the construction of an enzymatic glucose sensor.
A novel access to phosphanylidene–phosphorane complexesviaP-donor substitution and a detailed bonding analysis
Authors: Biskup David , Schnakenburg Gregor , Boeré René T. , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: September 2023

The formation of phosphanylidene–phosphorane complexes is described using a donor replacement reaction starting from anN-methylimidazole-to-phosphinidene complex adduct. The complexes were investigated using electrochemical and computational methods.
Assessment of an electrochemical advanced oxidation system for removal of pharmaceutical compounds at the Vaudreuil-Dorion municipal wastewater treatment facility
Authors: Daghrir R. , Ouerd N. , Patterson-Fortin L. M. , Boutros J. , Vo Duy S. , Sauvé S. , Gaultois M. W. , Smith R.
Published: September 2023

The Advanced Oxidation System (AOS) is a versatile technology for removal of pharmaceuticals in wastewater.
Associations between dietary patterns and serum uric acid concentrations in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kong Bingxuan , Liu Fangqu , Zhang Shuangxia , Wu Yuanjue , Li Yan , Xiong Jingfan , Tang Yuhan , Li Yanyan , Yao Ping
Published: September 2023

The intake of foods with high hypoxanthine, such as poultry, is associated with elevated serum uric acid concentrations in children and adolescents in southeast coastal China.
Layer hybridized exciton–plasmon resonances for enhanced dispersion modes in CuS:Al nanostructured films
Authors: Singh Harkawal , Kumar Sandeep , Raunija Thakur Sudesh Kumar , Sharma Praveen Kumar
Published: September 2023

Gausian fit to linear absorption spectra distinguishes in-between variations of exciton–plasmon periodic energy exchange, while Drude-Lorentz model to reflectance spectra have revealed the shift and extension of ENZ modes to far infrared spectrum in self assembled CuS:Al films.
Exploring the potential of tamoxifen-based copper(ii) dichloride in breast cancer therapy
Authors: Kazimir Aleksandr , Schwarze Benedikt , Lönnecke Peter , Jelača Sanja , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović-Ivanić Danijela , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: September 2023

This study explores a copper-tamoxifen hybrid drug as a promising alternative to platinum complexes in breast cancer therapy, offering a new mechanism of action.
Alternating chiral and achiral spacers for constructing two-dimensional chiral hybrid perovskites toward circular-polarization-sensitive photodetection
Authors: You Shihai , Yu Panpan , Zhu Tingting , Guan Qianwen , Wu Jianbo , Dai Hongliang , Zhong Haiqing , Zhu Zeng-Kui , Luo Junhua
Published: September 2023

Using a half substitution strategy, a pair of 2D chiral hybrid perovskites with alternating spacers, (R/S-phenylpropylamine)(pentylamine)PbBr4, are derived from an achiral (pentylamine)2PbBr4 for circularly polarized light detection.
Enhancing electrochemical sensing through the use of functionalized graphene composites as nanozymes
Authors: Dinu Livia Alexandra , Kurbanoglu Sevinc
Published: September 2023

+ Different categories of artificial enzymes (nanozymes) according to the type of graphene derivative.
Graft onto approaches for nanocellulose-based advanced functional materials
Authors: Yadav Chandravati , Lee Jeong-Min , Mohanty Paritosh , Li Xinping , Jang Woo-Dong
Published: September 2023

The resurgence of cellulose as nano-dimensional ‘nanocellulose’ has unlocked a sustainable bioeconomy for the development of advanced functional biomaterials.
Ag decoration on Na2Ti3O7 nanowires for improved SERS and PHE performance
Authors: Chen Lei , Jin Yang , Guo Shuang , Park Eungyeong , Xie Yunfei , Jung Young Mee
Published: September 2023

The sea urchin-shaped NTO nanowires decorated with Ag nanoparticles grown directly on Ti sheets were fabricated. The proper Ag cover resulted in a tremendous SERS enhancement and PHE performance improvement.
Rare-earth-metal catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective polymerization of terpene-derived conjugated dienes
Authors: Liu Hui , You Fen , Shi Wenyu , Hu Xiang , So Yat-Ming , Shi Xiaochao
Published: September 2023

Bio-based polymers synthesized from renewable feedstocks have increasingly gained attention as alternatives to their petrochemical counterparts.
Prussian blue-derived multiple yolk–single shell-structured Se-doped Fe7S8@NC@C microcube composites as high-rate anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Qingping , Wang Peng , Chen Yuxiang , Liao Xiangyue , Deng Ransha , Zheng Qiaoji , Lin Dunmin
Published: September 2023

The yolk-shell structured provides sufficient void space; the dual-carbon layer acts as a rigid skeleton. Meanwhile, Se-doping improving the electrical conductivity and enlarging the interlayer distance to enhance Na storage.
Investigating the role of oxygen vacancies in metal oxide for enhanced electrochemical reduction of NO3− to NH3: mechanistic insights
Authors: Ullah Sadeeq , Wang Shiyong , Ahmad Muhammad Sohail , Sharif Hafiz M. Adeel , Liu Qingling , Kida Tetsuya , Shafique Aamir , Rehman Majeed Ur , Wang Gang , Qiu Jieshan
Published: September 2023

Ammonia (NH3) is a crucial chemical commodity used extensively in fertilizer production and as a renewable potential energy carrier.
Structural insights into hybrid immiscible blends of metal–organic framework and sodium ultraphosphate glasses
Authors: Chester Ashleigh M. , Castillo-Blas Celia , Sajzew Roman , Rodrigues Bruno P. , Mas-Balleste Ruben , Moya Alicia , Snelson Jessica E. , Collins Sean M. , Sapnik Adam F. , Robertson Georgina P. , Irving Daniel J. M. , Wondraczek Lothar , Keen David A. , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: September 2023

The characterisation of hybrid blends comprising a metal–organic framework (MOF) glass and a phosphate glass is explored. The mechanical and thermal properties of the blends are studied and interfacial interactions between the phases are analysed.
Boosting the performance of reversible solid oxide electrochemical cells with a novel hybrid oxygen electrode, Pr1.39Ba0.14Sr0.53Co1.48Fe0.76O6−δ-Ba0.66Sr0.34CoO3−δ
Authors: Fang Liyang , Liu Fan , Diercks David , Kumar Praveen , Zhao Feng , Ding Dong , Duan Chuancheng
Published: September 2023

Solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOECs) are a promising clean energy technology with the great potential to drive the transition to a sustainable and low-carbon energy future.
The role of Eudragit® as a component of hydrogel formulations for medical devices
Authors: Esporrín-Ubieto David , Sonzogni Ana Sofía , Fernández Mercedes , Acera Arantxa , Matxinandiarena Eider , Cadavid-Vargas Juan F. , Calafel Itxaso , Schmarsow Ruth N. , Müller Alejandro J. , Larrañaga Aitor , Calderón Marcelo
Published: September 2023

A systematic analysis is presented, highlighting the unique properties of Eudragits as additive in mucoadhesive hydrogels for ocular protein delivery.
2D and quasi-2D hybrid perovskites containing organic cations with an extended conjugated system: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Van Gompel Wouter T. M. , Lutsen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk
Published: September 2023

Hybrid perovskites containing organic cations with an extended conjugated system are an upcoming class of hybrid semiconductors for optoelectronics. We review the opportunities and challenges associated with these versatile materials.
Asteroseismic age estimate of the open cluster NGC 6866 using Kepler and Gaia
Authors: Brogaard K. , Arentoft T. , Miglio A. , Casali G. , Thomsen J. S. , Tailo M. , Montalbán J. , Grisoni V. , Willett E. , Stokholm A. , Grundahl F. , Stello D. , Sandquist E. L.
Published: September 2023

Context. Asteroseismic investigations of solar-like oscillations in giant stars allow for the derivation of their masses and radii. For members of open clusters, this allows us to obtain an age estimate of the cluster that is expected to be identical to the age estimate given by the colour-magnitude diagram, but independent of the uncertainties that are present for that type of analysis. Thus, a more precise and accurate age estimate can be obtained.

Aims. We aim to identify and measure the asteroseismic properties of oscillating giant members of the open cluster NGC 6866 and utilise them for a cluster age estimate. Model comparisons also allow constraints to be placed on the stellar physics. Here, we investigate the efficiency of convective-core overshoot during the main sequence evolution, which has a significant influence on the age estimations for these relatively massive giants. The effects of rotation and core overshoot are similar, but not identical, and so, we also investigated the potential of our measurements to distinguish between these effects.

Methods. We identified six giant members of NGC 6866 via photometry, proper motions, and parallaxes from Gaia, and spectroscopic literature measurements. These were combined with asteroseismic measurements, which we derived using photometric data from the Kepler mission for five of the stars. Comparisons to stellar-model isochrones constrained the convective-core overshoot and enable a more precise and accurate age estimate than previously possible.

Results. A significant amount of differential reddening is found for NGC 6866. Asteroseismology establishes the helium-core burning evolutionary phase for the giants, which have a mean mass of 2.8 M⊙. Their radii are significantly smaller than predicted by current 1D stellar models unless the amount of convective-core overshoot on the main sequence is reduced to αov ≤ 0.1 ⋅ Hp in the step-overshoot description. Our measurements also suggest that rotation has affected the evolution of the stars in NGC 6866 in a way that is consistent with 3D simulations, but not with current 1D stellar models. The age of NGC 6866 is estimated to be 0.43 ± 0.05 Gyr, which is significantly younger and more precise than most previous estimates.

Conclusions. We derive a precise cluster age while constraining convective-core overshooting and the effects of rotation in the stellar models. A comparison to age estimates from machine learning methods of the same and similar giant stars uncovers potential biases for automated asteroseismic and non-asteroseismic age estimates of helium-core burning stars.
Treatment of Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Untch Michael , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Brucker Sara Y. , Budach Wilfried , Denkert Carsten , Ditsch Nina , Fasching Peter A. , Haidinger Renate , Heil Jörg , Jackisch Christian , Janni Wolfgang , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Krug David , Loibl Sibylle , Lüftner Diana , van Mackelenbergh Marion , Radosa Julia C. , Reimer Toralf , Welslau Manfred , Würstlein Rachel , Harbeck Nadia , Huober Jens
Published: September 2023

This yearʼs 18th St. Gallen (SG) consensus conference on the treatment of early breast cancer (SGBCC: St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference) focused on practice-oriented
questions. The individual situation and risk-benefit assessment were discussed in great detail. As in previous years, a German working group of leading breast cancer experts presented the
results of the international SGBCC 2023 against the background of German treatment recommendations – especially the updated treatment recommendations of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft
Gynäkologische Onkologie e. V. (AGO) – for everyday clinical practice in Germany. The German treatment recommendations of AGO are based on the current evidence. The comparison with the
clinical approach in Germany has proven useful, as the SGBCC panel consists of experts from different countries and disciplines. That is why country-specific characteristics can be
incorporated into the SGBCC recommendations.
The Underutilization of Forensic Microbiology: A Narrative Review
Authors: Saha Rumpa , Kaushik Stuti , Kumar Arvind , Choudhary Swapnil
Published: September 2023

One of the main reasons of death in India is infection. At many centers, determining the infectious cause of death during autopsy is not regularly done. Although it is still a neglected field, postmortem microbiology has the potential to be a crucial tool for identifying the reason and circumstances of unexpected death. In addition to its use in forensic autopsies and medicolegal investigations, this tool can help with the detection of novel pathogen presentations, estimation of drug resistance, identification of bioterrorism agents, and a better understanding of infectious diseases like toxic shock syndrome, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In India, there has not been much use of microbiology in postmortem, and there is a dearth of specific guidelines or recommendations by regulatory agencies.

In an effort to highlight the value of microbiology in postmortem, this narrative review focusses on suggestions made by a group of academicians from Europe in February 2016 and how they may be used in an Indian context. Based on the Indian Council of Medical Research and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standards, we have briefly discussed about postmortem in coronavirus disease 2019 related deaths.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Chemical Shift Imaging to Differentiate Benign and Malignant Vertebral Lesion: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fatima Kaneez , Naik Suprava , Jain Mantu , Bhoi Sanjeev Kumar , Padhi Somnath , Bag Nerbadyswari Deep , Panigrahi Ashutosh , Mohakud Sudipta
Published: September 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and chemical shift imaging (CSI) for the differentiation of benign and malignant vertebral lesions.

Methods Patients with vertebral lesions underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with DWI and CSI. Qualitative analysis of the morphological features was done by routine MRI. Quantitative analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from DWI and fat fraction (FF) from CSI was done and compared between benign and malignant vertebral lesions.

Results Seventy-two patients were included. No significant difference was noted in signal intensities of benign and malignant lesions on conventional MRI sequences. Posterior element involvement, paravertebral soft-tissue lesion, and posterior vertebral bulge were common in malignant lesion, whereas epidural/paravertebral collection, absence of posterior vertebral bulge, and multiple compression fractures were common in benign vertebral lesion (p < 0.001). The mean ADC value was 1.25 ± 0.27 mm2/s for benign lesions and 0.9 ± 0.19 mm2/s for malignant vertebral lesions (p ≤ 0.001). The mean value of FF was 12.7 ± 7.49 for the benign group and 4.04 ± 2.6 for the malignant group (p < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that an ADC cutoff of 1.05 × 10−3 mm2/s and an FF cutoff of 6.9 can differentiate benign from malignant vertebral lesions, with the former having 86% sensitivity and 82.8% specificity and the latter having 93% sensitivity and 96.6% specificity.

Conclusion The addition of DWI and CSI to routine MRI protocol in patients with vertebral lesions promises to be very helpful in differentiating benign from malignant vertebral lesions when difficulty in qualitative interpretation of conventional MR images arises.
Bureaucrats, interest groups and policymaking: a comprehensive overview from the turn of the century
Authors: Macedo de Medeiros Albrecht Nayara F.
Published: September 2023

Government officers are key players in designing and implementing public policies. Not surprisingly, a growing body of research approaches their connections with other stakeholders, such as ministers, elected officials, and political parties. Fewer studies, however, address the relationship between bureaucrats and interest organisations. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent publications regarding interest groups and the public bureaucracy. The paper introduces the findings of an extensive literature review with bibliometric techniques and qualitative content analysis. To map previous studies, I analysed 1978 abstracts with VOSviewer and R. The final collection included 415 papers which were read and coded through NVivo. Based on this review, this paper exposes data on authors, countries, and research methods related to texts published between 2000 and 2022. In addition, it critically examines concepts and empirical evidence regarding the interactions between interest groups and government officers. This study advances the research agenda on interest groups by identifying gaps in previous studies and proposing new perspectives to analyse the political connections of the public bureaucracy. The findings indicate that most publications focus on interest group strategies, revolving doors, and venue choice. Fewer texts assess influence over political appointments and personal networks. Therefore, further research is required to address the causal mechanisms between access to the bureaucracy and interest group influence over public policies. Moreover, the bibliometric analysis revealed that research networks have been located in the United States and Europe and publications tend to focus on the ‘global North’. In this sense, more regional diversity might be beneficial for the development of theoretical and methodological structures able to ‘travel’ to other cases.
A local optical flow eye-tracking method for depression detection
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Xianmin , Zhu Benliang , Ye Xin
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the problem that depression detection is easily affected by subjective factors such as patient willingness, self-awareness, and doctor’s level, as well as inconvenient detection and high cost, a universal detection method with low cost and convenient deployment is proposed. A local optical flow tracking method is adopted, which is realized by eye region detection and optical flow estimation. Then, three experiments are designed to verify the accuracy of the method and the effectiveness of eye movement tracking. The formula for calculating the depression state is proposed, and the eye movement of one normal participant’s elliptical trajectory of the left and right pupils in the horizontal and vertical directions is 44.4805, 42.7013, 29.3571, and 31.1364 mm, respectively. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, three example points are selected. Among them, the fixation duration at P1 is 1.87 s, the eye movement direction at P2 and P3 is 1.168°, counterclockwise around the X axis, and the number of fixation times is 46. Finally, 18 normal participants and four depression-positive participants are tested by the exploratory eye movement paradigm. The results show that the accuracy rate of identifying depression patients using the NEF metric method can reach ∼81.8%, which can help quantify the detection of depression and provide the possibility for professionals to remotely diagnose individuals with depression.
Gyrokinetic simulations of ion temperature gradient instability in deuterium–tritium plasma in the CFETR hybrid scenario
Authors: Tang Ruzhi , Zhang Debing , Zhang Xianmei , Yu Limin , Ma Lianjie , Zheng Shuyu , Ye Lei , Xu Yingfeng , Zhao Pengfei
Published: September 2023

The linear instabilities and nonlinear transport driven by the ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability are numerically investigated in deuterium–tritium plasma in the CFETR hybrid scenario by using the NLT code. In both linear and nonlinear simulations, effects of the tritium fraction ɛT and the temperature ratio of deuterium and tritium τDT = TD/TT are studied, with TD and TT being the temperature of deuterium and tritium, respectively. Results from linear simulations illustrate that the ITG instability can be well stabilized as ɛT increases. When ɛT = 0.5, the maximum growth rate occurs at around τDT = 1.5. During the nonlinear simulations, the anomalous particle and energy flux in deuterium–tritium plasma are analyzed. For τDT = 1.0, it is found that the tritium (deuterium) particle flux is inward (outward) and the largest inward tritium particle flux appears at ɛT = 0.5. The total ion energy flux is found to be insensitive to ɛT. In the case with ɛT = 0.5, as τDT decreases from 3.0 to 0.5, the particle flux for tritium (deuterium) changes from the outward (inward) direction to the inward (outward) direction. The quasilinear analysis clarifies that the particle flux driven by the temperature gradient is the key part in determining the direction of the particle flux. Besides, the largest and the smallest energy flux appear at around τDT = 1.5 and 0.5, respectively. It is indicated that better energy confinement and better particle confinement for tritium could be realized by choosing smaller τDT (or higher TT).
The significant magnetic attenuation with submicrometer scale magnetic phase separation in tensile-strained LaCoO3 films
Authors: Fan Yangyang , Li Xujing , Yin Zhuo , Geng Aicong , Wang Mengqin , Zhou Houbo , Wang Zheng , Wang Xinchi , Wang Jing , Hu Fengxia , Li Baohe , Wang Jian-Tao , Shen Baogen
Published: September 2023

It is well known that the epitaxial strain plays a vital role in tuning the magnetic states in transition metal oxide LaCoO3 films. Here, we reported a robust long-range ferromagnetic (FM) ground state in a tensile-strained perovskite LaCoO3 film on a SrTiO3 (STO) substrate, which has a very significant attenuation when the thickness ranges from 10 to 50 nm. It is speculated that such attenuation may be caused by the appearance of the cross-hatched grain boundary, which relaxes the tensile strain around the crosshatch, resulting in the local non-FM phases. Magnetic force microscope observation reveals non-FM patterns correlated with the structural crosshatches in the strain-relaxed film even down to a temperature of 2 K and up to a magnetic field of 7 T, suggesting the phase separation origin of magnetization attenuation. Furthermore, the investigations of the temperature-dependent inverse magnetic susceptibility show a deviation from the Curie–Weiss law above the transition temperature in a 50-nm-thick LaCoO3/STO film but not in the LaCoO3/LaAlO3 film, which is ascribed to the Griffiths phase due to the crosshatch-line grain boundaries. These results demonstrated that the local strain effect due to structural defects is important to affect the ferromagnetism in strain-engineered LaCoO3 films, which may have potential implications for future oxide-based spintronics.
Dual-mode dual-band circular polarization device based on three-layer plasmonic metasurface
Authors: Shen Zhe , Lin Xiaojun , Huang Dingxin
Published: September 2023

In this work, we proposed a three-layer metasurface with rotated gold split-rings as a polarization device that has two adjacent operating bands in two different modes. The proposed metasurface can be used as a circular polarization selector in transmission mode as well as a circular polarization converter in reflection mode. In transmission mode, it can transmit right- and left-handed circularly polarized light at the corresponding wavelengths of 2130 and 3040 nm with transmission efficiencies of 85.3% and 83.8%, respectively. In reflection mode, it can convert two types of circularly polarized light into those of the orthogonal state with conversion efficiencies of 70.3% and 77.3% in the opposite bands, respectively. The results of the theoretical calculation by transfer matrix method are consistent with these simulation results, and the current distribution results illustrate the coupling mechanism under the proposed chiral structure. In addition, the influence of parameters on circular dichroism was investigated, demonstrating the strong robustness of the structure. The proposed metasurface provides a new degree of freedom for multifunctional photonic integrated devices, which can be used for applications in optical communication and imaging.