bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Quality of care based on gender for type 1 diabetes in Italy. Monographs of AMD Annals 2021
Authors: Porcu, L.
Published: June 2023

OBIETTIVO Obiettivo dello studio è stato valuta[1]re gli indicatori di qualità dell’assistenza relativi al 2019, anno pre-pandemico, in ottica di genere nelle persone con DM1. DISEGNO E METODI Sono stati elaborati i dati dei pazienti con diabete di tipo 1 (DM1) visti nell’anno 2019, raccolti dai 282 servizi di diabetologia che hanno partecipato allo studio osservazionale re[1]trospettivo “Annali AMD”, ed estratti gli indicatori di processo, di esito intermedio, di appropriatezza, di esito finale, e di qualità di cura complessiva (score Q). RISULTATI Sono stati analizzati i dati di 37.445 pazienti affetti da DM1 (16.971 donne e 20.474 uomini) visitati nel corso del 2019 per consentire il confronto con le edizioni precedenti degli Annali AMD. Le donne hanno un’età più avanzata. Non ci sono differenze di genere nel monitoraggio degli indicatori di processo. I livelli medi di HbA1c sono 7,9% (63mmol/L) nelle donne e 7,7% (60mmol/L) negli uomini. La proporzione di soggetti con valori di HbA1c≤7% (53mmol/L) è maggiore tra gli uomini (31,7%) rispetto alle donne (25,6%). Il profilo lipidico non mostra sostanziali differenze di genere. I livelli medi di pressione arteriosa sono risultati più elevati negli uomini rispetto alle donne. Il 70.9% delle donne e il 63,8% degli uomini ha valori di pressione arteriosa sistolica ≤ 130mmHg e l’86,2% delle donne e l’81,1% degli uomini ha valori pressori diastolici ≤ 80mmHg. L’obesità di II e III grado è risultata più frequente nel sesso femminile (BMI: 35,0-39,9: donne:3,1% e uomini: 1,9%; BMI>40: donne: 0,9%, uomini: 0,4%). Il 12,2% delle donne e il 10,3% degli uomini presenta un eGFR <60 ml/m*1,73m2 . La micro/macroalbuminuria è presente nel 17,2% delle donne e nel 21,3% degli uomini. Le donne sono più trattate con microinfusore di insulina (CSII) (21,1% F vs 14,8% M). L’utilizzo degli ipolipemizzanti nelle donne è inferiore a quello dei maschi nel 2019 (F=34,4% , M=37,7%). Il 61% circa dei DM1 (M e F) ha uno Score Q > a 25, indicativo di una adeguata qualità di cura complessiva. CONCLUSIONI I dati degli annali AMD analizzati in base al genere per l’anno 2019 confermano il peggior controllo metabolico del DM1 nelle donne, il minor trattamento ipolipemizzante, la maggiore frequenza di eGFR ridotto, mentre negli uomini è peggiore il controllo della pressione arteriosa e maggiore la frequenza di microalbuminuria. Conoscere queste differenze, e capirne le cause è importante per i diabetologi per migliorare l’assistenza alle persone con DM1. PAROLE CHIAVE diabete T1; differenza di genere; Annali AMD; qualità di cura.
Metformin: a survey
Authors: De Riu, S.
Published: June 2023

SCOPO Indagare sull’utilizzo della metformina e delle sue forme a rilascio immediato o prolungato in una comunità di diabetologi italiani. METODI È stato distribuito ai diabetologi dell’Associazione Medici Diabetologi (AMD) un questionario via web composto da 13 domande, nato dalla esigenza di valutare la modalità di prescrizione e di utilizzo della metformina nei nostri ambulatori. La prima parte del questionario indaga sull’utilizzo della metformina in generale, la seconda parte invece si concentra sull’ utilizzo o preferenza eventuale della metformina a rilascio prolungato. RISULTATI All’indagine hanno partecipato 253 medici. La maggioranza dei medici prescrive la metformina gradualmente fino al raggiungimento della dose ritenuta efficace. La maggioranza dei partecipanti (82,2%) consiglia l’assunzione della metformina a stomaco pieno mentre la rimanente parte ritiene che non esistano particolari indicazioni. Il 70,4% dei partecipanti ritiene giustificato usare la metformina nel pre- diabete anche se il trattamento è da considerarsi off-label; la stessa percentuale ritiene che il farmaco induca effetti sulla riduzione del peso corporeo di entità trascurabile. È interessante notare come ben il 77% dei partecipanti sospenda la metformina, in ogni occasione, prima di un esame contrasto grafico. L’80% reputa che la metformina a rilascio prolungato trovi giusta prescrizione laddove la metformina a rilascio immediato abbia dato effetti avversi, che gli stessi eventi si risolvano quasi sempre e che, comunque, questa formulazione aumenti la compliance del paziente. È interessante sottolineare/ considerare che di fronte alla domanda “quando prescrivi la metformina a rilascio prolungato alla dose di 2 grammi” il 50% ha risposto in un’unica soluzione, il rimanente in due soluzioni. Il 32,8% dei partecipanti asserisce di prescrivere unicamente metformina a rilascio prolungato per una maggiore semplicità di uso. Infine, si preferisce usare la metformina in neo-diagnosi associata ad altri ipoglicemizzanti se il paziente presenta spiccata iperglicemia o ha una malattia cardiovascolare in atto. CONCLUSIONI La presente indagine evidenzia come esista eterogeneità di utilizzo e di prescrizione della metformina nelle sue due forme, a rilascio immediato e modificato. La percezione generale è che la metformina a rilascio modificato riscontri un maggiore gradimento prescrittivo per i minori effetti collaterali manifestati, per la maggiore maneggevolezza e per un maggiore gradimento del paziente. Comunque è doveroso notare come la metformina rimanga e sia il farmaco prescritto di prima scelta dalla diabetologia italiana. PAROLE CHIAVE metformina a rilascio immediato; metformina a rilascio modificato; diabetologi.
Locating X-ray coronary angiogram keyframes via long short-term spatiotemporal attention with image-to-patch contrastive learning
Authors: Zhang Ruipeng , Qin Binjie , Zhu Yueqi , Lv Yisong , Ding Song
Published: June 2023

Locating the start, apex and end keyframes of moving contrast agents for keyframe counting in X-ray coronary angiography (XCA) is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. To locate these keyframes from the class-imbalanced and boundary-agnostic foreground vessel actions that overlap complex backgrounds, we propose long short-term spatiotemporal attention by integrating a convolutional long short-term memory (CLSTM) network into a multiscale Transformer to learn the segment- and sequence-level dependencies in the consecutive-frame-based deep features. Image-to-patch contrastive learning is further embedded between the CLSTM-based long-term spatiotemporal attention and Transformer-based short-term attention modules. The imagewise contrastive module reuses the long-term attention to contrast image-level foreground/background of XCA sequence, while patchwise contrastive projection selects the random patches of backgrounds as convolution kernels to project foreground/background frames into different latent spaces. A new XCA video dataset is collected to evaluate the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a mAP (mean average precision) of 72.45\% and a F-score of 0.8296, considerably outperforming the state-of-the-art methods. The source code and dataset are available at https://github.com/Binjie-Qin/STA-IPCon.
Identification and Severity Assessment of COVID-19 using Lung CT Scans
Authors: Thyagachandran Anand , Balachandran Aathira , Murthy Hema A
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to have a significant impact on the global population. To effectively triage patients and understand the progression of the disease, a metric-based analysis of diagnostic techniques is necessary. The objective of the present study is to identify COVID-19 from chest CT scans and determine the extent of severity, defined by a severity score that indicates the volume of infection.  An unsupervised preprocessing pipeline is proposed to extract relevant clinical features and utilize this information to employ a pre-trained ImageNet model to extract discriminative features. Subsequently, a shallow feed-forward neural network is trained to classify the available CT scans into three classes namely COVID-19, Community-Acquired Pneumonia, and Normal. Through various ablation studies, we find that a domain-specific pre-processing pipeline improves classification accuracy significantly.  In terms of classification accuracy, our approach when evaluated on publicly available datasets is seen to have an absolute improvement of 6\% F1 score over the baseline model. Further, the estimated infection severity score is observed to be well correlated with radiologists' assessments. The results support the necessity of data-driven pre-processing before implementing learning algorithms.
Goodness of Pronunciation Algorithm in the Speech Analysis and Assessment for Detecting Errors in Acoustic Phonetics: An exploratory review
Authors: Caro Anzola Edward Wilder , Mendoza Moreno Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2023

The principal objective of this study is to evaluate the GOP algorithm proficiency to carry out a portable device based on evolutionary algorithm classifier integrated in an embedded system for children mispronunciation diagnosis in phonoaudiology therapy. GOP applications are widely worked in foreign language learning, however, the background around the medical trends shows the usage extensibility in speech disorders diagnosis and therapy. This review is an initial part of our future project where the GOP algorithm will be evaluated by its implementation in embedded hardware systems like artificial intelligence Single Board Computers (AI-SBC) based on a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) or a Neural Processing Unit (NPU). Furthermore, a new proposal to integrate GOP score machine with evolutionary algorithms, for example, Learning Classifier System approach (LCS), will be designed in an ubiquitous model for phonoaudiology usage in children speech impairments detection.
Link Topology and Multi-Objective Mission Flow Optimization for User Satellites with Inter-Layer Links and Satellite-Ground Links
Authors: Guo Ningxuan , Zhong Xiaoqing
Published: June 2023

In the future Space Information Network (SIN), mission satellites can be users to access communication constellations and ground stations through inter-layer links (ILLs) and satellite-ground links (SGLs) to realize the timely transmission and utilization of mission data. In this paper, we study the link topology of both ILLs and SGLs with different time-slot duration from the perspective of each user satellite based on the time-expanded graph. We propose a mission flow optimization model under limited onboard storage, energy, and link load resources. The model aims to jointly realize the maximization of data transmission benefits, the maximization of end-of-period energy, and the minimization of transmission wait time with the consideration of mission importance differences. We propose a Phased Multi-Objective (PMO) algorithm composed of two Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problems and one Linear Programming (LP) problem to reduce complexity by separating the integer programming part from the continuous part. Simulation is executed in an SIN with 66 communications satellites, 70 user satellites, and 5 ground stations. Compared to directly solving the integrated Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, the results show that PMO can significantly reduce the solution time and obtain an optimal solution close to MILP.
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DENGAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 11 KABUPATEN SORONG
Authors: Wahilaitwan Nelma Yomima , Triono Mukhlas
Published: June 2023

Penelitian dalam skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan masihrendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakahterdapat perbedaan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 11 KabupatenSorong yang memperoleh pembelajaran menggunakan model Problem Based Learningdengan hasil belajar matematika siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model GuidedInquiry Learning. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ekperimen bentuk quasi experimentaldengan desain penelitian nonequivalent pretes-posttes kontrolgrup design. Populasi dalampenelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas VII dengan mengambil dua kelas sebagaisampel yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling dan terdiri dari kelas eksperimen I dankelas eksperimen II. Pengumpulan dalam penelitian ini melalui teknik tes dan lembarobservasi keterlaksanaan Pembelajaran. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan statistikdeskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan ujit pada taraf signifikan 0,05, dengan melihat perbedaan signifikan hasil belajar dari keduakelas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Tidak terdapat perbedaansignifikan hasil belajar matematika antara peserta didik yang memperoleh pembelajarandengan model Problem Based Learning dan Guided Inquiry Learning siswa kelas VII SMPNegeri 11 Kabupaten Sorong. Diperoleh uji kesamaan rata-rata dengan bantuan softwarestatistic. Analisis data hasil uji t menunjukkanya itu ௜௛ݐ௧௨௡௚ 1,295 < ݐ௧௔௕௘௟ 2,012dengandiperolehhasilsig. (2-tailed)adalah 0,202. Karena 0,202 > 0,05maka ଴ܪditerima danܪଵ ditolak.
Analisis Deskriptif Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis pada Pokok Bahasan Lingkaran di SMPN 26 Kabupaten Sorong Kelas VIII
Authors: Manggewa Riki , Raharja Surya Putra
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemahaman matematis pada pokok bahasan lingkaran di SMPN.26 Kabupaten Sorong kelasa VIII. Penelitian ini digunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN 26 Kabupaten Sorong berjumlah 9 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes dan wawancara. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, serta kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa dengan tingkat kemampuan pemahaman matematis tingkat  tinggi mencapai aspek (translation, interpretasi , dan ekstrapolation), sedangkan siswa dengan tingkat kemampuan pemahaman matematis tingkat  sedang mencapai aspek (translation, dan interpretasi).
KESALAHAN KONSEP PESERTA DIDIK DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA MATERI KESEBANGUNAN KELAS IX DI MTs AZ ZIKRA KOTA SORONG
Authors: Rappa Dewinta Indriany , Syamsulrizal Syamsulrizal
Published: June 2023

Soal cerita merupakan salah satubentuk soal yang menyajikan permasalahan terkait dengan kehidupan sehari-haridalam bentuk soal cerita. Pada umumnya, pengerjaan soal cerita dinyatakan dalambentuk uraian. Kesalahan konsep adalah kesalahan peserta didik dalammenafsirkan dan menggunakan konsep matematika kesalahan merupakanpenyimpangan terhadap hal yang benar yang sifatnya sistematis, konsisten,maupun insedental pada daerah tertentu.Kesalahan peserta didik dalam mengerjakan soa matematika berkaitan dengankesalahan peserta didik dalam menggunakan dan menerapkan langkah-langkahdalam menyelesaikan soal matematika. Kesalahan-kesalahan peserta didik dapatterjadi karena peserta didik tidak memahami soal dengan baik dan tidak telitidalam melakukan perhitungan. Adapun permasalahan yang didapat peserta didikkelas IX disekolah MTs Az Zikra Kota Sorong masih 20% yang paham tentangsoal cerita kesebangunan (5 peserta didik yang paham dari 25 peserta didik) dan80% yang masih belum paham tentang soal cerita kesebangunan (20 peserta didikyang belum paham dari 25 peserta didik).Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitiankualitatif deskriptif, pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatanstudi kasus. Studi kasus bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan konsep pesertadidik dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita kesebangunan. subjek dalam penelitian ini,peneliti menggambil 6 peserta didik dengan pertimbangan atau rekomendasi dariguru mata pelajaran. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian inimeliputi tes dan wawancara. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini mengacu padamodel Milles dan Huberman yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajiandata, dan penarikan kesimpulan.Dari indikator kesalahan konsep yaitu kesalahan memahami soal, kesalahanmembuat rencana, kesalahan dalam melaksanakan atau menyelesaikan modelmatematika. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari keempat indikator kesalahan konsepbahwa indikator kesalahan memahami soal yaitu sebagian besar peserta didiktidak memahami soal ini terlihat dari hasil jawaban subjek yang tidak dapatmenerapkan konsep kesebangunan dengan benar, indikator kesalahan membuatrencana yaitu Sebagian besar peserta didik tidak dapat menulis atau menentukanapa yang diketahui dan apa yang ditanya pada soal, indikator kesalahanmelaksanakan atau menyelesaikan model matematika yaitu sebaian besar pesertadidik tidak dapat melaksanakan model matematika dengan benar atau tidakmenggunakan perbandingan kesebangunan, dan indikator kesalahan menulis ataumenyatakan jawaban akhir soal yaitu sebagian besar peserta didik salah dalammenulikan jawaban akhir pada keempat soal.
LITERASI MATEMATIKA SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PISA PADA KONTEN QUANTITY
Authors: Rokhima Nur , Pamungkas Dwi , Nurhayati Ahyat
Published: June 2023

Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis literasi siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika yang menghasilkan deskripsi mengenai kemampuan literasi siswa dalam merumuskan, menerapkan, dan menafsirkan. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ditentukan melalui purposive sampling dan didasarkan dari tingkat kemampuan siswa yaitu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes tiga soal PISA 2012 pada konten Quantity yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan wawancara. Teknik keabsahan data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah metode triangulasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, menyajikan data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Diperoleh persentase siswa yang memenuhi proses literasi merumuskan (formulate) adalah 66, 67%, proses literasi menerapkan (employ) 33,33%, dan proses literasi menafsirkan (interpret) 66, 67%.
Pembelajaran Student Center Learning terhadap Motivasi Belajar Mahassiwa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Pada Matakuliah Statistika Dasar
Authors: Sumadi Suhartini , Putra Teguh Yuliandri , Astutik Heny Sri , Rahmawaty Lily
Published: June 2023

Motivasi belajar mahasiswa dalam penelitian ini dapat diartikan sebagai dorongan perubahan energy dalam diri mahasiswa yang ditandaik dengan timbulnya perasaan dan reaksi untuk mencapai tujuan belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana pembelajaran student center learning berbasis indicator motivasi belajar mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia pada matakuliah statistika dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan tiga tahapan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa 4 indikator motivasi belajar yang tercermin dari system pembelajaran student center learning yang diterapkan, diantaranya adalah 1) adanya hasrat untuk ingin berhasil dalam belajar statistic; 2) adanya dorongan dan kebutuhan dalam belajar statistic; 3) adanya harapan atau cita-cita masa depan pasca belajar statistic; 4) adanya penghargaan terhadap statistic. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat relevansi yang erat antara penerapan metode pembelajaran student center learning dengan motivasi belajar mahasiswa, sehingga dihasilkan cerminan indicator motivasi belajar mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia dalam mengikuti proses perkuliahan Statistik Dasar.
An Adaptive Research on Chinese and English Code-switching in Happy Camp
Authors: Zhang Shasha
Published: June 2023

Code-switching is a product of language contact between different languages or different varieties of a language. It is a key factor for achieving successful communication. Western scholars have conducted deep researches on code-switching from grammatical approach, sociolinguistic approach, psycholinguistic approach, conversational analysis approach and pragmatic approach. With reference to some constructive views on code-switching, scholars at home conduct more researches on code-switching in foreign language teaching, newspapers, journals and Internet language. TV entertaining program is an important part of people’s cultural life. However, researches on code-switching in this kind of program are fewer. This study chooses 55 episodes of Happy Camp from September of 2017 to September of 2018 as research data and transcribes，categorizes and tallies Chinese and English code-switching in this program. And then based on Poplack’s classification of code-switching and Yu Guodong’s Adaptation Model, syntactic features and pragmatic functions of code-switching in this program are explored.
Observation of Risk Factors among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Rahman Parvin , Rawli Marmarin Hamid
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication during pregnancy that affects both maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Identifying risk factors associated with GDM is crucial for early detection and intervention to improve pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology, Gonoshasthaya Nagar Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of January 2019 to December 2019 with a total of 348 hospital patient records. Result: Of the 348 participants, 24.71% had GDM. Significant differences were observed between the groups in age, gravida, BMI distribution, family history of GDM, and previous history of GDM. Higher rates of non-spontaneous vaginal deliveries were found in the GDM group (36.05%) compared to the non-GDM group (22.52%). Age ≥35 years, obesity, family history of GDM, and history of GDM were significantly associated with GDM (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings support the existing evidence that advanced maternal age, obesity, family history of GDM, and previous history of GDM are significant risk factors for GDM. These results highlight the importance of early screening and intervention for high-risk groups to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Review on Darvyadi Ghrita an Ayurvedic Formulation for Diarrhoea
Authors: Rana Bhawana , Sharma Usha , Mitra Shuchi , Rani Sheenam , Sharma Khem Chand
Published: June 2023

Darvyadi Ghrita is a polyherbal formulation and is mainly indicated for the diarrhoea. It is mentioned in Charak Samhita by Acharya Charak. Preparation of oleaginous dosage form is described as Sneha Kalpana performed by subjecting Ghrita or oil to a particular pattern of heat treated with Kalka (Paste) of Kutaja, Daruharidra, Pippali, Shunthi, Katuka, Draksha and Kwath (Decoction) of same ingredients. Murchana is a pre procedure to Sneha Kalpana in which Ghrita is treated with few drugs. The main ingredients of Darvyadi Ghrita is Kutaja (Holarrhena Antidysentrica Wall.), Daruharidra (Berberis Aristata DC.), Pippali (Piper Longum Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.), Katuka (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex.Benth), Draksha (Vitis Vinifera Linn.) and Go-Ghrita. In Ayurvedic therapeutics the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the drug entirely depends upon Rasa, Virya, Vipaka, Prabhava and balance of Tridosha in the body. The ingredients of Darvyadi Ghrita with their Rasapanchaka, are very much competent to exhibit anti-bacterial and anti-diarrheal property from Ayurvedic perspective.
Post-Discharge Problems in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Gill Elizbith , Huda Shams Ul , Khan Farid Ullah
Published: June 2023

Background: Cardiac surgeries have contributed greatly to resolve the problems relating to Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) and valvular heart diseases. There are numerous physical and psychosocial problems that cardiac surgery patients experience once they were discharged from the hospital. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine post-discharge problems and their frequencies in cardiac surgery patients at tertiary care hospital. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study design was used to determine problems and their frequencies in CABG and valvular surgery in post discharge period. Data was collected from 96 patients through consecutive sampling technique at Cardiac Center of public tertiary care hospital during July to September 2018 on patient’s first follow-up after discharge. The questionnaire content validity index was checked by cardiac surgery experts and calculated 0.88. The data was analyzed on SPSS (23 version).descriptive statistical tests frequency, percentage used for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and Likert scale for post-discharge problems in cardiac surgery patients. Results: Male patients were high in percentage (71.9%) with mean age of 52 year had CAD due to stress and sedentary life. CABG was done for (80.3) and valvular surgeries done for (19.8%). Pain in the surgical wound site and different body parts, chest wound problems like discharge and swelling. Other problems were difficulty in breathing and pain with cough. Psychosocial problems were found in more than half of the patients like difficulty in sleeping, phobia of body movement and losing job, palpitation and apprehension, sadness and avoided social interaction with others. Conclusion: The study found different problems such as pain, difficulty in breathing, sleepiness, tiredness, difficulty in preforming Activities of daily livings and wound related issues. Significant number of participants reported about social isolation, anxiety, restlessness and fear. The findings of current study can be utilized to develop a discharge package for patients.
Patient’s Satisfaction towards "WASFATY" e-Prescriptions Service Implementation Provided by Community Pharmacies in Qassim Region
Authors: Alsalem, Abdulaziz Abdullah , Al-Owayyid Fawziah Hassan
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to assess the level of Patient’s Satisfaction towards "WASFATY" E-Prescriptions Service provided by community Pharmacies in Qassim Region. Method: The study used a cross-sectional approach; it was conducted between September and November 2022. Data was collected using a random sampling technique, and an online questionnaire was distributed among the study population. A Ten-point scale, ranging from 1 (Extremely Poor) to 10 (Excellent), was used to assess patient satisfaction. Results and Conclusion: A total of 294 beneficiaries participated in the study. The level of satisfaction towards "WASFATY" E-Prescriptions Service provided by community Pharmacies in Qassim Region is (2.92) out of 5, (58.4% SD (3.235)). Aspects related to the pharmacy was divided to two points, the barriers consist of six domains, not all medicines are available (24.4%), E- prescription program-WASFATY- at the pharmacy has broken (9.6%), Receiving alternative medicines (Brand change/company name different) (11.8%), The pharmacist asked to come at another time(5.4%), Unavailability of a participating pharmacy in the WASFATY close to home (24.4%), Not applicable (24.4%), and the advantages consist of six domains, Freedom of timing in receiving medication (20.7%), No waiting time needed (16.3%), Fast access to obtain the medication (11.7%), Ease of obtaining medication (9.9%), The number of pharmacies participating in the WASFATY program(20.7%), Availability of a pharmacy participating in the e-prescription near the house(20.7%).
Product Activity of Lactic acid Bacteria Isolated from Samples of New Born from Women and Children Hospital in Ramadi, Iraq
Authors: Hajwal Mrs. Sara Imad , Najeeb Laith Muslih
Published: June 2023

Twelve infants aged below six months were sampled from Women and Children Hospital of Ramadi, Iraq during the period April the 1st 2021 till October the 1st 2022. Infants were divided into two main groups; breast and bottle milk fed. Each group comprise three males and three females. Samples of feces were collected and lactobacillus specie were extracted. The extract was used once alone and another as a mixture with each of Amoxicillin, Amikacin and Cefixime antibiotics on petri dishes cultured with Staphylococcus, Klabsella and Psedudomonas bacteria. Diameter of inhibition was measure and resulted data were subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the statistical analysis showed that lactobacillus specie extract with the Cefixime has significantly highest mean diameter of inhibition compared to all other types of treatments. Infants who were on breast milk fed showed significantly better respond to the treatment than their counter part in the bottle milk fed group. Klabsella was found to respond weakly under almost all of the applied treatments.
Body composition profiles of female acrobatic gymnasts of different age categories
Authors: Taboada-Iglesias Yaiza , Vernetta-Santana Mercedes , Alfonso-Fernandez Diego , Gutiérrez-Sánchez Águeda
Published: June 2023

Body composition, overweight or underweight, and adipose tissue are factors that determine social health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the body composition profile, adiposity distribution and body mass index (BMI) of acrobatic gymnasts of different age categories. A total of 129 women participated, divided by role: tops (n=54; X=11.23 years; SD=3.04) and bases (n=75; X=14.46 years; SD=2.08), and age category. Anthropometric measurements including skinfolds were collected, and BMI, body fat percentages through different validated formulas, and muscle, bone and remainder percentages were calculated. Descriptive and comparative analyses among categories were carried out. The results showed no significant differences in any variable among tops. BMI was only above the 50th percentile in the youngest gymnasts of age group 1 and in 9-year-old gymnasts of age group 4. There were significant differences among bases. In general, adipose tissue values were higher in senior gymnasts, but no linear relationship among categories was established. For BMI, almost all categories were above the 50th percentile, and only 16-year-old gymnasts of age group 3 presented grade 1 thinness. The tops group showed a higher risk of presenting extreme thinness. Furthermore, no clear relationship was found between body composition and age category.
Semantic Concepts of Hausa Language: An Analytical and Descriptive Study at the Level of Words
Authors: Asst. Prof. Dr. Abdarahman Abulgasim Salih Noorain  , Prof. Dr. Mohamed Daud Mohammed Daud
Published: June 2023

The paper dealt with the problem of semantic concepts in the Hausa language, describing and analyzing some of its terms, and how to conceive them in the multiplicity of meaning, metaphor and semantic taboos. It also aimed to know the semantic characteristics of Hausa language that are rarely found together in another language, seeking to increase the ability to interpret meaning, to determine the level of the exact correctness of translation from and to Hausa language, understanding the ways of thinking of its people in generating meanings, and the effect of that on social life. The paper reviewed the definition of the concept, the perception, the connotation and the meaning, then explained the means of obtaining the meaning in the Hausa language, and  some words were used as examples, The paper reached into some conclusions, including that the study of semantic concepts helps in determining the second meaning, and developing new terms and the historical study of language, There are terms borrowed by Hausa language as a result of concept contrast and their connotations are included in other terms.
واقع التعليم الألكتروني من وجهة نظر طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية في محافظة الأنبار
Authors: م.د. قصي عجاج سعود الذيابي
Published: June 2023

يهدف البحث إلى تقصي واقع التعليم الألكتروني (الإيجابيات والسلبيات) من وجهة نظر طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية في محافظة الأنبار (المديرية العامة لتربية الرمادي), فضلاً عن تعرف دلالة الفروق في وجهات نظر الطلبة تبعاً لمتغيري الجنس والتخصص الدراسي. ولتحقيق هدفي البحث استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي, وتبنى الباحث استبانة (عيسان والعاني, 2007), المتكونة من (46) فقرة, منها (25) فقرة تقيس ايجابيات التعليم الألكتروني, و(21) فقرة تقيس سلبيات التعليم الألكتروني. وتم التحقق من الصدق الظاهري للاستبانة عن طريق عرضها على عددٍ من المحكمين المتخصصين في العلوم التربوية والنفسية, بلغ عددهم (12) محكماً, أجمعوا على قبول (43) فقرة, وحذف (3) فقرات, بواقع فقرة واحدة من مجال ايجابيات التعليم الالكتروني, و فقرتين من مجال سلبيات التعليم الالكتروني, فضلاً عن ذلك تم التحقق من ثبات الاستبانة. وطُبقت على عينة من طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية في محافظة الأنبار, بلغ عددهم (150) طالباً وطالبة. وبعد المعالجة الاحصائية للبيانات المستحصلة من العينة باستخدام الوسط المرجح والوزن النسبي وتحليل التباين الثنائي مع التفاعل, توصل البحث إلى النتائج الآتية: احتل مجال سلبيات التعليم الألكتروني الترتيب الأول, إذ كانت هناك (16) فقرة متحققة من مجموع (19) فقرة. وجاء مجال ايجابيات التعليم الألكتروني المرتبة الثانية, إذ كان هناك (12) فقرة متحققة من مجموع (24) فقرة, مما يشير إلى أنَّ للتعليم الألكتروني سلبيات أكثر من الإيجابيات من وجهة نظر الطلبة, فضلاً عن ذلك أظهرت النتائج أنه لايوجد فرق دال احصائياً في وجهات نظر الطلبة في ايجابيات وسلبيات التعليم الألكتروني تبعاً لمتغير الجنس, في حين كان هناك فرق دال احصائياً في وجهات نظرهم تبعاً لمتغير التحصيل الدراسي, وكان الفرق لصالح وجهات نظر طلبة التخصص العلمي. وتقدم الباحث بعددٍ من التوصيات, منها: السعي إلى إيجاد بيئة تعلمية إلكترونية تتوافر فيها البنى التحتية لهذا النوع من التعليم من أجهزة حاسوب وبرامج تعليمية وموارد تعليمية الكترونية. واقترح عددٍ من الدراسات المستقبلية, منها: مدى توافر البنية التحتية للتعليم الألكتروني في عموم جمهورية العراق.
Generative Phonology Models of Universal Grammar: Constraint-Based Optimality Theory as Opposed to the Rule-Based SPE Model
Authors: Assist. Inst. Ahmed Hamid Abdulrazzaq
Published: June 2023

Current linguistic theory presumes languages to be essentially similar because individuals have a genetic inclination to acquire language. Linguists strive to create a model of this abstract universal grammar that captures the core commonalities among different languages while allowing room for all the subtle differences that naturally occur in human speech. This all-encompassing theory of universal grammar would accurately distinguish between possible grammars and impossible grammars. This paper examines the main tenets of the two major generative phonology models of universal grammar: SPE’s Generative Phonology theory representing rule-based, derivational universal grammar models, and Optimality Theory as a representative of constraint-based models of universal grammar.
The Meaning of Silence and its Functions in Politics
Authors: Asst. Lect. Amaal Mhmood Ali  , Dr. Abdulkareem Yaseen
Published: June 2023

This study deals with one of the essential topics in English linguistics and politics silence, which plays a significant role in politics given the numerous functions it serves. Particularly, it examines and analyses the meaning and function of silence of some well-known current politicians, namely former US presidents, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump. The rationale behind this choice stems from that these political figures tend to have silent pauses for particular purposes such as disagreement, and insulting. Drawing on Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's "Spiral of Silence" paradigm and van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis, this study also seeks to answer the following main question: what types of silence can be deduced from former US presidents and how can we explain silence from this and other perspectives. It also reviews the interpretation of silence in different contexts and discusses the functions and types of this concept. Results this study has obtained from analysing the data show that silence can showcase a range of categories of communicative functions. This study presents evidence for a number of functions that can be conveyed by the use of silence in speech in political discourse. These include face-saving, affecting, evaluating and linking. Results also suggest that since speakers (politicians) do not identify specific victims by name, they may want to achieve victim equity. This is due to the possibility that bringing up a certain name could bring up issues related to race, religion, politics, etc. Additionally, a speaker could appear depressed while attempting to avoid mentioning the name of a certain family member. As a result, that family’s sorrow can deepen.
الانساق الرياضية في الدوائر العروضية
Authors: م. د. مشتاق قاسم جعفر
Published: June 2023

هدفنا من هذا البحث ابراز الأدوات المعرفية والمنهجية التي بنى عليها الخليل بن احمد الفراهيدي عروضه الشعريّ وبيان المبادئ الرياضية التي استعملها في دوائره العروضية وكيف اعتمد الترييض في تحديد الاوزان الشعرية الذي لم يتخذ طابعاً تجريدياً نهائياً يدخله في مجال الفروض المتروكة أو الفروض الميتة التي يقتضيها التشقيق الرياضي للظاهرة ؛ بل كانت الفروض عاملة على تنظيم حالة التقصي للأوزان الحية التي يدعمها الاستعمال وتخضع للمنهج العلمي المضبوط المصحوب بدقة الملاحظة وعلمية الاجراء وعمق التحليل الذي قام به الخليل وفتح بذلك افاقاً للبحث ما كانت لتكون لو لم يكن.
استراتيجية الولايات المتحدة الامريكية تجاه العراق ما بين حربي الخليج الاولى والثانية (1988-1991)
Authors: أ.م.د. عباس علوان لفته
Published: June 2023

مما لاشك فيه، ان اسم العراق قد ارتبط بالولايات المتحدة الامريكية وكذلك بإستراتيجيتها في العقود الاخيرة لاسيما خلال حربي الخليج الاولى والثانية وصولاً الى احتلالها له عام 2003، لذلك تحاول هذه الدراسة ان تبحث الاستراتيجية الامريكية تجاه العراق بين هاتين الحربين، للتعرف على حيثيات هذه الاستراتيجية، وأهدافها، فضلاً عن اسباب تحولاتها، والتي استمرت تداعياتها حتى وقتنا الحاضر. وتوصلت الدراسة الى استنتاجات عدة اهمها ان استراتيجية الولايات المتحدة الامريكية تجاه العراق خلال هذه المدة، كانت على شكل سياسة معلنة تمثلت بخداع النظام العراقي في ان الولايات المتحدة دولة داعمة له ابان حرب الخليج الاولى وما بعدها، عبر استمرارها بتزويد جيشه بالأسلحة، والمعدات، والتدريب . وفي الوقت نفسه مارست سياسة غير معلنة تمثلت بتوريط العراق ودفعه الى احتلال الكويت عبر وسائل عدة  بهدف تدمير قوته العسكرية والاقتصادية؛ لإبعاده عن تهديد حلفائها ومصالحها في المنطقة اولاً، وكذلك لإعطاء المبرر لها في الدخول بقوة في منطقة الخليج العربي والسيطرة عليها ثانياً، وهو ما حققته حرب الخليج الثانية .
أثر استراتيجية (توقف، ضع نجمة، رتب) في الفهمِ القرائي بمادة المطالعة عند طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط
Authors: م. د.  علي حسن محيسن
Published: June 2023

يهدف البحث تعرف (أثر استراتيجية (توقف، ضع نجمة، رتب)  في الفهمِ القرائي بمادة المطالعة عند طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط), ولتحقيق هدف البحث وضع الباحث الفرضية الصفرية الرئيسة ( ليس هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة ( 0.05 ) بين متوسط درجات طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط الذين يدرسون القراءة باستعمال استراتيجية (توقف، ضع نجمة، رتب), وبين متوسط درجات تحصيل طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط الذين يدرسون القراءة بالطريقة التقليدية، ولتحقيق ذلك اختار الباحث عينة بلغت ( 61 ) طالبا, في متوسطة الافاق للبنين التابعة لمديرية تربية بغداد / الرصافة الثالثة ,وقد وزعت (31) طالباً  في المجموعة الضابطة, و(30) طالباً في المجموعة التجريبية درس الباحث المجموعة التجريبية باستعمال استراتيجية (توقف، ضع نجمة، رتب) والمجموعة الضابطة بالطريقة التقليدية  كما كافأ الباحث بين مجموعتي البحث في متغيرات (العمر الزمني محسوباً بالشهور, التحصيل الدراسي للآباء والامهات, ودرجات اللغة العربية للعام السابق  (ضبط الباحث المتغيرات الدخيلة التي قد تؤثر في هذا النوع من التصاميم التجريبية .واظهرت النتيجة الاتية : وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0.05) بين متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية التي درست القراءة على وفق استراتيجية (توقف، ضع نجمة، رتب) ومتوسط درجات المجموعة الضابطة التي درست القراءة على وفق الطريقة التقليدية(الاعتيادية) بالتحصيل مجتمعة لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. وفي ضوء نتائج البحث استنتج الباحث: ان التدريس باستراتيجية (توقف، ضع نجمة، رتب) له فاعلية في الفهم القرائي عند طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط. ضرورة اعتماد طريقة استراتيجية (توقف، ضع نجمة، رتب) في تعليم القراءة للصف الثاني المتوسط , لما لها من مزايا مفيدة تنمي مهارات الطالب العقلية . اجراء دراسات لاحقة في المجال نفسه امتداداً لهذا البحث واكمالاً له.
ANÁLISE ETIOLÓGICA, EPIDEMIOLÓGICA E EVOLUTIVA DOS CASOS DE MENINGITE NO MUNICÍPIO DE CASCAVEL-PR
Authors: Fernandez Rafael , Sakurada Rogério Yassuaki
Published: June 2023

Introdução: O termo meningite expressa a ocorrência de processo inflamatório envolvendo as membranas conjuntivas que recobrem o Sistema Nervoso Central ( doravante SNC). Esse, pode ser causado por diversos fatores, não infecciosos ou infecciosos. As meningites infecciosas podem ser geradas por diversos microrganismos patogênicos, como vírus, bactérias, fungos, protozoários e helmintos. Dentro delas, as etiologias bacterianas e virais são as mais importantes do ponto de vista da saúde pública, pela magnitude de sua ocorrência e potencial deproduzir surtos. Em decorrência disso torna-se importante problema de saúde pública mundial e nacionalmente é considerada uma doença endêmica, fazendo parte do grupo de agravos com notificação compulsória ao SINAN. Objetivo: A quantificação dos casos de meningite e a análise de suas evoluções - de acordo com a etiologia - têm intuito de determinar um padrão no comportamento da doença no município de Cascavel-Pr e o exame das variáveis epidemiológicas visa estabelecer os indicadores municipais da doença. Metodologia: O presente estudo, de maneira retrospectiva, realizará a tabulação de dados públicos – referentes ao SINAN e disponibilizados na plataforma TABNET/DATASUS – acerca da incidência, de variáveis epidemiológicas e da evolução dos casos de meningite notificados no município de Cascavel-Pr entre os anos de 2017-2021. Além disso, de maneira analítica, relacionará os resultados obtidos com o comportamento dos subtipos etiológicos da doença. Resultados e conclusão: Portanto, ao proporcionar as análises da etiologia, epidemiologia e evolução das meningites em âmbito municipal, o estudo demonstrou a similaridade no comportamento da doença em relação ao padrão nacional, bem como individualidades atribuídas as particularidades socioambientais da cidade de Cascavel-Pr.
Beyond “Big Government”: Toward New Legal Histories of the New Deal Order’s End
Authors: Levine Gabriel
Published: June 2023

A Review of Public Citizens: The Attack on Big Government and the Remaking of American Liberalism. By Paul Sabin.
Beyond More Accurate Algorithms: Takeaways from McCleskey Revisited
Authors: Okidegbe Ngozi
Published: June 2023

A Review of McCleskey v. Kemp. By Mario Barnes, in Critical Race Judgments: Rewritten U.S. Court Opinions on Race and the Law 557, 581. Edited by Bennett Capers, Devon W. Carbado, R.A. Lenhardt and Angela Onwuachi-Willig.
Disabling Lawyering: Buck v. Bell and the Road to a More Inclusive Legal Practice
Authors: Abudaram Jacob
Published: June 2023

A Review of Demystifying Disability: What to Know, What to Say, and How to Be and Ally. By Emily Ladau and Three Generations, No Imbeciles: Eugenics, the Supreme Court, and Buck v. Bell By Paul A. Lombardo.
Disrupting Carceral Logic in Family Policing
Authors: Godsoe Cynthia
Published: June 2023

A Review of Torn Apart: How the Child Welfare System Destroys Black Families and How Abolition Can Build a Safer World, By Dorothy Roberts.
An Appeal to Books
Authors: Ali Amir
Published: June 2023

This feels a fit, even urgent, moment to celebrate our books and the role they play vis-à-vis the law, the courts, and the truth.

As this issue goes to print, our nation’s highest court faces forceful criticism that some of its most significant decisions have been detached from objective fact. In recent Terms, the Supreme Court’s majority has doubled down on deciding major constitutional questions based on “history and tradition”—that is, the majority’s understanding of what the nation was like centuries ago. Just as quickly as these justices praised the objectivity of their fealty to history, they met widespread rebuke from historians. These actual experts in history observed that the Court’s work fails basic standards for historical analysis and distorts historical facts toward a particular end. This occurs at a time when public confidence in the Supreme Court is at an all-time low, and concern for the spread of misinformation is high and rising.
Sisters Gonna Work It Out: Black Women as Reformers and Radicals in the Criminal Legal System
Authors: Butler Paul
Published: June 2023

A Review of Becoming Abolitionists: Police, Protests, and the Pursuit of Freedom. By Derecka Purnell and a review of Progressive Prosecution: Race and Reform in Criminal Justice. Edited by Kim Taylor-Thompson and Anthony C. Thompson.
Introduction: Three Responses to Rewritten Opinions in Critical Race Judgments
Authors: Chess Gabe , Meth Elena
Published: June 2023

A Review of Critical Race Judgments: Rewritten U.S. Court Opinions on Race and the Law. Edited by Bennett Capers, Devon W. Carbado, R.A. Lenhardt and Angela Onwuachi-Willig.
РАЗВИТИЕ УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ КАК НАУЧНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Инаркаева А.Д. , Ахмадова З.М.
Published: June 2023

В статье рассмотрены теоретические основы развития устной речи младших школьников. Выявлено, что этот вопрос достаточно широко разработан в отечественной психолого-педагогической науке, что обусловлено спецификой российских образовательных стандартов, направленных на развитие высокого уровня культуры речи учащихся. Сделан вывод о том, что развитие устной речи необходимо начинать в младшем школьном возрасте, так как именно в этот период дети начинают проявлять интерес к созданию осмысленных речевых высказываний. Рассмотрены возможности развития устной речи у младших школьников в процессе обучения чтению. Выявлено, что в структуре данного обучения имеется большое количество возможностей для того, чтобы обучающиеся не только познакомились с лучшими образцами литературной речи, но и сами стали активными участниками речепроизводства. На занятиях по обучению чтению представляется необходимым использование таких методов, как пересказ, чтение по ролям, ведение читательского дневника и т.п.
АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АКТИВНЫХ МЕТОДОВ ОБУЧЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ШКОЛЫ
Authors: Исраилова Х.А.-К. , Сердюкова Е.Ф.
Published: June 2023

В данной статье рассматривается и обосновывается необходимость использования методов активного социально-психологического образования в учебном процессе, приводятся некоторые соображения авторов о том, на каком этапе изучения темы наиболее целесообразно использование активных методов, а когда необходимо преподносить учебный материал именно традиционными методами обучения. Статья носит обзорно-аналитический характер и направлена на то, чтобы показать важность грамотного сочетания методов обучения, относящихся к разным категориям. Также в статье приводятся некоторые существенные отличия активных методов обучения от традиционных, их специфические особенности и неоспоримые достоинства. Авторы считают, что помимо своего прямого назначения, заключающегося в передаче концентрированного опыта предшествующих поколений молодым людям, то есть информационной функции, методы активного обучения обладают значительным развивающим и воспитательным потенциалом, а их грамотное использование может существенно повысить эффективность усвоения учащимися знаний по школьным предметам.
СООТНОШЕНИЕ МЕЖДУ ПОЭЗИЕЙ Н.А. НЕКРАСОВА И ПУБЛИЦИСТИКОЙ
Authors: Дайниев Т.И , Садулаева М.Х.
Published: June 2023

В статье рассматривается точка зрения некоторых критиков творчества Н.А. Некрасова, упрекавших поэта в газетном характере его поэзии. Соотношение между поэзией Некрасова и современной ему публицистикой, главным образом газетно-журнальной, – соотношение особое в каждом конкретном случае и, конечно, гораздо более сложное, чем это представлялось его антагонистам. Некрасов действительно оперирует теми же фактами и событиями, которых ежедневно касались газетная хроника и газетные фельетоны. Впечатление газетности создавалось и публицистическим стилем сатиры, и прямыми ссылками на определенные газеты, журналы. Но только в совпадении тем и заключается сходство между поэтическими произведениями Некрасова и газетой. Если перейти от общих тем к самому главному – взгляду на жизнь, к осмыслению социальных противоречий, то между заметками в газетах и сатирой Некрасова обнаруживается пропасть. Газетная хроника, касаясь отдельных происшествий и неурядиц городской жизни, демонстрировала их лишь как частные проявления жизни, не поднимаясь до сколько-нибудь значительных обобщений. С публицистикой поэзию Некрасова сближали актуальность, злободневность, и в выборе тем, фактов поэт руководствовался своими идейно-творческими задачами.