bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KEADILAN DALAM PRAKTIK PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH DAN DEPOSITO MUDHARABAH
Authors: Perwitasari Dyah Ayu
Published: October 2017

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis bentuk nilainilai keadilan dalam praktik pembiayaan mudharabah dan deposito mudharabah.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BPRS Asri Madani Nusantara Jember belum sepenuhnya menerapkan kelima unsur keadilan dalam praktik pembiayaan mudharabah.Dari kelima prinsip tersebut, BPRS hanya menjalankan kedua prinsip keadilan, yaitu bentuk pelarangan haram dan maysir. Untuk memenuhi kelima prinsip keadilan tersebut, seharusnya seharusnya BPRS Asri Madani Nusantara menerapkan praktik pembiayaan mudharabah secara murni, dimana perhitungan bagi hasil dilakukan setelah proyek terealisasi, edukasi syari’ah secara itensif kepada mudharib, pihak manajemen melakukan pengawasan secara itensif terhadap usaha yang dijalankan mudharib, serta etika bisnis Islami yang harus dimiliki sumber daya manusia perbankan. Sedangkan pada praktik deposito mudharabah, BPRS ASRI Madani Nusantara Jember telah menerapkan kelima unsur keadilan yaitu bentuk pelarangan riba, gharar, maysir, dzulm dan haram dalam transaksi deposito mudharabah.Kata kunci: mudharabah, deposito mudharabah, keadilan ABSTRACT This study aims to explore and analyze the forms of fairness values in the practice of mudharabah financing and mudharabah deposits. This type of research is a type of qualitative research with case study approach. The results of this study indicate that this bank has not fully applied the five elements of justice in the practice of mudharabah financing. Of the five principles, BPRS only runs the two principles of justice, namely the form of prohibition of haram and maysir. In order to fulfill these five principles of justice, should the BPRS Asri Madani Nusantara apply pure mudharabah financing practices, where the profit sharing calculation is done after the project has been realized, the shari'ah education has been intensively to mudharib, the management supervises it intensely on the mudharibrun business, As well as Islamic business ethics that must be owned by human resources banking. While in practice mudharabah deposit, BPRS ASRI Madani Nusantara Jember has applied the five elements of justice that is the form of prohibition of riba, gharar, maysir, dzulm and haram in mudharabah deposit transaction.Keywords: mudharabah, mudharabah deposit, justice
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN AGRESIVITAS PELAPORAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK DENGAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI PEMODERASI (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Yunistiyani Vina , Tahar Afrizal
Published: October 2017

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh corporate social responsibility dan agresivitas pelaporan keuangan terhadap agresivitas pajak dengan good corporate governance sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Variabel Good Corporate Governance yang digunakan pada penelitian ini diproksikan dengan proporsi komisaris independen dan komite audit. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 20142015. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan sampel dari 64 perusahaan selama periode pengamatan 2 tahun berturut-turut, sehingga menghasilkan 128 sampel. Teknik analisis yang digunakan untuk pengujian adalah regresi linier berganda berbantuan aplikasi statistika SPSS 22.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa corporate social responsibility dan agresivitas pelaporan keuangan berpengaruh positif terhadap agresivitas pajak. Sementara itu, proporsi komisaris independen dan komite audit tidak berpengaruh dalam memoderasi hubungan agresivitas pelaporan keuangan dengan agresivitas pajak.Kata kunci: corporate social responsibility; agresivitas pelaporan keuangan; agresivitas pajak; komisaris independen; komite audit ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the effect corporate social responsibility and financial reporting aggressiveness towards tax aggressiveness with good corporate governance as moderating variable. Good corporate governance which is proxied by board of independence commissioner proportion and audit committee. This study are focusing on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014-2015. The sampling method used was purposive sampling with a sample of 64 companies during the observation period of 2 years in a row so as to produce a total of 128 samples. Analysis technique used was multiple regression analysis by SPSS 22.0. The result reveal corporate social responsibility and financial reporting aggresiveness degree of tax aggresiveness. Board of independence commissioners and audit committee as the moderating variable have no influence between financial reporting aggresiveness and tax aggresiveness. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, financial reporting aggresiveness, tax aggresiveness, board of independence commissioner, audit committee
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH PROTECTION DEVICES OF VARIOUS TYPES ON THE RESERVOIRS OF CENTRAL AND NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kirichenko Olga Ivanovna , Kurzhykaev Zhumagazy Kusembaevich , Sharapova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Murzashev Turesh Kairzhanovich
Published: October 2017

The article presents the results of the field ichthyological studies of the work of water intakes on reservoirs in Central and Northern Kazakhstan in terms of their effectiveness in relation to early juvenile fish and invertebrate organisms which took place in May-July, 2017. There were studied water intakes from water reservoirs in Samarkand and Astana (4 net settings, 60 daily samples, the complete biological analysis of 72 fish species). Sample selection was made in the water column in front of fish protecting device and in the water flow after the device during 24 hours, in every 2 hours. The time of the trap exposition was 15 minutes. The article gives the characteristics of the types of fish protective devices: umbrella-type and air-bubble type. Their efficiency ratios have been calculated for the spring period. Efficiency of fish protective devices was determined according to the difference in fish concentration before the device and after it. The article shows that fish protective device of the umbrella type are more effective in relation of newborn fry (100% efficiency) than air bubble-type devices (92% efficiency). It should be stressed that difference in the readings of fish protective devices depend both on their types and on correspondence of the devices to the model standards.
THE MATHEMATICAL DEFINITION OF TRAWL DOOR FOR NUMERIC SIMULATION DYNAMICS OF MID-WATER TRAWL SYSTEM
Authors: Nedostup Alexander Alekseevich , Razhev Alexey Olegovich
Published: October 2017

A mathematical description of the spacer trawl doors of mid-water trawl system for numerical modeling by point mass method using a parallel architecture of a graphics processor is proposed, based on the representation of the dependence of the power characteristics of the door on its spatial and kinematic characteristics in tabular form. The construction of the tables is performed using the splitting method. To simulate the dynamics of a shallow mid-water trawl system using the point mass method, it is necessary to know all the masses concentrated at the nodes, the dependence of the distances between the nodes on the internal forces and the values of the external forces applied to the nodes (hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, trawler pulling forces). For a cable-net part of a trawl, a link is a section of a rope, a rope, a string or a rope, and a knot is the place of their connection. For the introduction of a trawl door into a general simulation model, it must be presented in the form of nodes and links. To simulate the influence of the trawl door on the dynamics of the entire mid-water trawl system over the velocity field using the Navier-Stokes equations systems, the pressure field is calculated by the numerical splitting method. Because of the great complexity of the splitting method, its application to calculate external forces at each iteration of the point mass algorithm on a personal computer in real time is not possible. Therefore, a faster method based on the composition of the cleavage methods for trawl doors and point masses for the cable-net part of the mid-water trawl system using tabular transformations and linear interpolation of intermediate values is proposed. For each type of trawl door, splitting simulation is performed for all possible combinations of linear and angular velocities with a given sampling rate, which is determined by comparing it with the available data based on the required accuracy. The results of each step compute the pressure field, and then the external forces applied to the nodes of the door. As a result, a six-dimensional table is obtained, which puts the external forces into correspondence with the velocities. To describe the construction of the trawl door, a piecewise linear approximation of the profile of all its elements (wing, slats) in the transverse plane of the section with a given degree of sampling, determined experimentally with allowance for a given error in calculations, is proposed. Such a model is acceptable for describing the majority of mid-water trawl doors used.
Comprehensive Validation of the Regeneration Workload Forecast for Complex Capital Goods Using Data Mining
Authors: Eickemeyer Steffen C. , Tucker Cameron , Steinkamp Simon , Schafer Sebastian
Published: October 2017

Capacity planning in the regeneration of complex capital goods faces major challenges because it is affected by a high level of uncertain workload information. A methodology is developed here to predict the regeneration workload on the basis of the CRISP-DM model using Bayesian networks. The forecasts are validated for the different capacity planning levels. The results support the conclusion that capacity planning can gain permanent benefits from the methodology developed.
Fuera del mundo, dentro del arte. Correspondencias entre Baudelaire y Ortega.
Authors: Nieto Yusta Constanza
Published: October 2017

El pensamiento de Ortega y Gasset, entendido como un proyecto de conciliación entre tradición y modernidad, muestra la influencia de una de las principales figuras en la gestación de la modernidad literaria y artística: Charles Baudelaire. En este artículo se analizarán los puntos en común entre ambos, resaltando cómo Baudelaire y Ortega comparten la dialéctica entre «lo nuevo» y «lo viejo» y cómo ambos encuentran en el arte el camino para su resolución.
La Alhambra como lugar paradisíaco en el imaginario árabe
Authors: Puerta Vílchez José Miguel
Published: October 2017

En este artículo se analizan los textos árabes y la semántica concreta con que lo edénico entra a formar parte de la construcción simbólica y física del monumento, incardinándose en el imaginario árabe clásico y convirtiéndose, además, en paradigma del paraíso perdido en la cultura literaria y artística árabe actual. Para evidenciarlo, el autor analiza los textos coránicos y poéticos epigráficos y cortesanos (de Ibn al-Ŷayyāb, Ibn al-Jaṭīb, Ibn Zamrak, al-Rundī y otros autores clásicos andalusíes), así como algunas obras significativas de la plástica árabe contemporánea, producidos por artistas como los egipcios Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Qādir, Muḥammad Sa‘īd y Muḥammad Ṣabrī, el iraquí Ḥasan Šakir Āl Sa‘īd o el palestino Kamāl Bullāṭa
Arte contemporáneo: temporalidad, territorialización y circulación
Authors: Feldman Jonathan
Published: October 2017

Este artículo da cuenta de diferentes definiciones teóricas del arte contemporáneo y sus características, recurriendo a los enfoques de Giorgio Agamben, Terry Smith, Boris Groys y Julieta Aranda, para, a continuación, poner en relación estas posiciones con la noción de territorialización esbozada por Deleuze y Guattari (1985), y así posar la mirada sobre tres niveles de territorialidad que atraviesan las definiciones de arte contemporáneo: local, regional y global. Esto permite, finalmente, vincular estos niveles a los modos de circulación y exhibición del arte contemporáneo para generar discursos sostenidos sobre la base de las instituciones y los mercados artísticos. Se hace también una breve descripción de los casos de dos instituciones porteñas que permiten comprobar estos niveles de territorialidad y las formas de circulación del arte contemporáneo.
Arte indígena actual: Apertura o resistencia
Authors: Polanía Farfán Rocío
Published: October 2017

Las propuestas artísticas creadas al margen de la estética occidental, representadas en este caso en la producción que vienen generando algunos artistas de procedencia indígena, permiten pensar su producción artística como un espacio de resistencia, un esfuerzopor liberar las mentes de estereotipos y reacciones mecánicas impuestas por las nociones e instituciones culturales, sociales, políticas éticas y estéticas dominantes.El arte indígena actual, sin renunciar a su identidad, reelabora mitos, símbolos y diseños para generar un estilo inspirado en sus tradiciones pero capaz de ser incluido dentro del contexto artístico contemporáneo.El arte indígena como objeto estético es capaz de dialogar con las prácticas artísticas que se desarrollan en el mundo globalizado, pues plantea actitudes de indisciplina frente a las construcciones culturales y racionales de la civilización euroamericana. Está llamadoentonces a redimensionarse en el contexto cultural global como movimiento artístico incluyente y contemporáneo que intenta romper las ideas predominantes para encontrar nuevos significados a la vida, trascender fronteras, desatar la imaginación, y liberar esos mundos intangibles, volátiles e inaprensibles que han permanecido en resistencia.
Stress ocupacional num Serviço de Urgência: estudo de caso exploratório
Authors: Novais Juliana , Veloso Ana , Silvério Jorge
Published: October 2017

Ainda que a investigação do stress ocupacional em profissionais de saúde seja extensa, não se encontram muitos estudos no contexto específico de um serviço de urgência. A presente investigação explora a problemática do stress nos colaboradores de dois serviços de urgência (urgência básica e urgência médico-cirúrgica) de um Centro Hospitalar tendo como objetivos: avaliar as respostas de stress, recursos de coping e características de ordem individual e de ordem profissional, em quatro categorias de profissionais de saúde (médicos, enfermeiros, assistentes operacionais e técnicos). Os dados analisados foram recolhidos junto dos dois serviços de urgência de um Centro Hospitalar, sendo a população a estudar constituída pelos colaboradores de ambos os serviços, num total de 105 respostas. Para avaliar o stress ocupacional recorremos à versão experimental do Inventário de Respostas e Recursos Pessoais –IRRP-B (McIntyre, McIntyre, Silvério & Simães, 2006). Tratando-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, comparativo e correlacional, recorremos, fundamentalmente, às medidas de associação e à análise de frequências. Os resultados serão apresentados e discutidos.
O SIADAP na Câmara Municipal de Palmela: "ferramentar" para implementar
Authors: Tomás Ana , Monteiro Joana
Published: October 2017

Tendo em consideração as reformas a que tem sido sujeita a Administração Pública (AP) portuguesa, desde 2004 e o objetivo governamental de implementar um sistema integrado de gestão por objetivos, foi criado e tem vindo a ser efetivado, quer a nível de organismos centrais quer a nível de autarquias, um Sistema Integrado de Avaliação de Desempenho da AP (SIADAP). Neste enquadramento, algumas organizações procuraram instrumentos e ferramentas que as ajudassem a implementar o novo sistema de avaliação de desempenho duma forma segura e credível. Na sua grande maioria, estas organizações privilegiaram a aprendizagem, o desenvolvimento de competências, a comunicação e o envolvimento dos seus trabalhadores. A Câmara Municipal de Palmela desenvolveu um conjunto de metodologias alicerçadas num plano de Formação-Ação, como possível charneira e alavanca duma implementação bem sucedida do SIADAP. Nesta comunicação, pretende-se contar a história da experiência da Câmara Municipal de Palmela no domínio do SIADAP, à luz duma revisão da literatura em torno das reformas na AP, da avaliação de desempenho e da formação-ação. Posteriormente haverá lugar a uma reflexão, apontando-se as possíveis mais valias desta experiência.
Formación continua diretiva: propuestas de mejora desde la perspetiva de la empresa
Authors: Landeta Rodríguez Jon , Barrutia Güenaga Jon , Hoyos Iruarrizaga Jon , Araujo de la Mata Andres
Published: October 2017

Este trabajo presenta, desde la visión de la empresa, una relación estructurada de propuestas y prácticas diretivas orientadas a mejorar la intensidad y eficacia de la formación continua diretiva. Las propuestas están dirigidas a los principales agentes de la actividad formativa: oferentes de información, a las asociaciones y agentes públicos implicados en la formación diretiva y, especialmente, a las propias empresas. Tomando como principales referentes teóricos, la Teoría del Capital Humano, la Visión basada en los Recursos y las aportaciones realizadas desde la nueva economía institucional respecto a los problemas de la asimetría de la información, las propuestas están orientadas principalmente a disminuir esas asimetrías de información. Estas propuestas emanadas de la teoría han sido completadas mediante las aportaciones realizadas desde su experiencia por una selección de diretivos empresariales de formación y recursos humanos de doce empresas caracterizadas por la fuerte inversión que realizan en formación diretiva. Para extraer la información de los expertos hemos empleado distintas técnicas cualitativas: Focus Group, para valorar el enfoque teórico y las variables explicativas propuestas; Grupo Nominal, para obtener una extensa relación de prácticas que han demostrado ser eficaces en sus organizaciones de referencia y el Método Delphi, para obtener nuevas prácticas, organizar las existentes y valorar todas las propuestas recogidas, pudiendo contar para ello con expertos no presentes en las dinámicas anteriores.
Emotions and effectiveness: driving and restraining forces of a group development
Authors: Ramalho Ana Catarina
Published: October 2017

More and more, teams are a strategic fator to achieve organizational success. This way, an effective management of a team will lead to fulfil organizational and team goals. Several authors (e.g. Agazarian & Gantt, 2003; Miguez & Lourenço, 2001) are demonstrating that groups evolve over time and the best way to manage a group is considering its evolutionary basis and working on its driving and restraining forces. The present research aimed to find out more about how emotions and perceived team effectiveness impact the group development, because teams are emotional entities and emotions are associated with several outcomes (as motivation and commitment) as also the perception of work team effectiveness can work on benefit of the group. This is a quantitative study conducted by questionnaire and the sample is composed by 26 teams, comprising 142 employees, from all departments of an industrial company. The results pointed differences among group development phases concerning a) the expression of negative emotions, b) faking and suppressing emotions and c) perception of team effectiveness and, d) it also reinforced, a positive association between positive emotions and perception of team effectiveness. In order to contribute to a better management of teams, this research presents some practical implications to improve a leader’s role in coordinating a team to fulfil grupal and organizational outcomes.
Práticas organizacionais amigas da família: das intenções às concretizações
Authors: Silva Isabel , Ruivo Sara , Lima José
Published: October 2017

No sentido de promover a conciliação entre a vida laboral e a vida familiar, as organizações podem disponibilizar aos/às seus/suas colaboradores/as um leque diversificado de práticas, frequentemente designadas na literatura como programas ou práticas organizacionais amigas da família (family-friendly practices or programs), como são exemplos, os horários de trabalho flexíveis, horários de trabalho a tempo parcial ou apoio no cuidado a terceiros. Certa evidência disponível nesta matéria, tem apontado, no entanto, para a existência de resultados contraditórios quanto a eficácia destas práticas, incluindo a redução do conflito trabalho- família (Sutton & Noe, 2005). Além de aprofundar o estado da arte entre a existência de Práticas Organizacionais Amigas da Família (POAF) e os impactos esperados, donde se destaca a redução do conflito trabalho-família, o presente trabalho revê e discute igualmente os principais fatores que a evidência empírica tem indicado como moderadores de tal relação. Em relação à questão dos fatores suscetíveis de influenciar a utilização de POAF e, no sentido de elucidar alguns dos aspetos anteriormente discutidos, recorrer-se-á a dados obtidos em duas organizações nacionais junto a mais de três centenas de colaboradores/as, onde foi explorada a relação entre a utilização de POAF e o conflito trabalho-família, sexo e número de filhos. Por exemplo, em ambos os casos, tais práticas eram mais utilizadas pelos homens, embora a sua associação ao número de filhos ocorra de modo marcado apenas no caso das mulheres.
Grau de preparação e utilização do e-learning no Ensino Superior: estudo de caso na ESEIG/IPPorto
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Cláudia , Pinto Mário , Queirós Ricardo , Babo Rosalina , Lopes Carla , Oliveira Paulo
Published: October 2017

A avaliação do grau de preparação para o e-learning é uma estratégia muito interessante para o sucesso da implementação de práticas de e-learning, uma vez que permite identificar os aspetos mais críticos a considerar antes e durante a sua implementação. Este artigo descreve um modelo para avaliar o grau de preparação para a implementação de e-learning numa organização e apresenta resultados da aplicação parcial desse modelo numa escola do universo do Politécnico do Porto. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário (aos alunos), através de entrevistas exploratórias (aos docentes e gestão da escola) e da consulta dos ficheiros do sistema de aprendizagem à distância usado (Moodle). Este estudo constitui-se como piloto para uma aplicação alargada (a todo o Politécnico do Porto) do modelo e monitorização da sua evolução. Este estudo permitirá aferir os procedimentos e instrumentos a usar na recolha e tratamento de dados e, do ponto de vista prático, propor um projeto de intervenção, onde se incluem várias recomendações, na escola em questão.
Alcance y significado de la reciente reforma laboral española. La estrategia "Europa 2020" en el punto de mira
Authors: Abril Larraínzar María del Puy , Megino Fernández Diego
Published: October 2017

La crisis financiera y económica de origen internacional que se desató a principios del año 2008 ha incido de manera significativa en España y ha puesto de relieve las múltiples deficiencias que presentaba su mercado laboral (segmentación de la fuerza de trabajo, intensa destrucción del empleo en épocas de recesión, muy limitada capacidad de creación de nuevas ocupaciones, escaso recurso a las medidas de flexibilidad interna, la problemática del despido y la indemnización que lleva aparajada, etcétera). En virtud de estas circunstancias, con apoyo en las recomendaciones procedentes de diferentes ámbitos (OIT, OCDE, FMI...) y con las miras puestas en cumplir con los objetivos marcados en la estrategia comunitaria “Europa 2020”, el legislador español se ha embarcado en una reforma del mercado laboral de enorme calado y sin precedentes hasta la fecha. A partir del análisis de los recientes cambios operados sobre el sistema español de relaciones laborales, de las estrategias y directrices en materia de empleo establecidas a nivel comunitario y de algunas experiencias comparadas, el presente estudio pretende ofrecer una visión global de las alteraciones introducidas, incidiendo en su justificación, pertinencia y viabilidad de cara al futuro.
El núcleo de la contemporánea dirección de personas: competencias e inteligencia emocional, ¿gestionar o someter?
Authors: Moldes Farelo Rocío
Published: October 2017

La comunicación pretende abordar dos tendencias fundamentales del modelo contemporáneo de gestión de recursos humanos: las competencias y la inteligencia emocional. A partir de la interrelación entre ambos cuestiones se abordarán los mecanismos y argumentos para su implantación y las causas de su éxito. Para finalizar se plantearán algunas reflexiones críticas sobre este modelo y sus efectos en la actividad cotidiana de los empleados. Se trata de, sobre las exigencias del sistema productivo global y tecnologizado, describir los instrumentos (storytelling, feelings management, enfoque antropomórfico, etc.) que nutren la ideología de la “empleabilidad”.
Training is an investment with return in temporary workers
Authors: Sobral Filipa , Chambel Maria José
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the impact of training on the employee–organisation relationship among a sample of temporary workers from a call centre (N= 240). The data support the idea that social exchange theories are useful frameworks in explaining temporary workers’ affective commitment towards organisations. Organisational investment in training was positively related to the affective commitment of these temporary workers. However, the employees attributed greater importance to the fact that training increased their employability than to the number of training hours received. The relationship between this human resource management practice and affective commitment partly occurred through the perceived organisational support on the part of the employees. Such perception partially mediates the relationship between training as a promoter of employability and this positive attitude.
Irrationality and Happiness
Authors: Billon Alexandre
Published: October 2017

There is a long tradition in philosophy of blaming passions for our unhappiness. If only we were more rational, it is claimed, we would live happier lives. I argue that such optimism is misguided and that, paradoxically, people with desires, like us, cannot be both happy and rational. More precisely, if someone rational has desires he will not be fully happy, and if he has some desires that are rational and – in a yet-to-be-specified sense – demanding, he will be frankly unhappy. Call this claim Rational Pessimism. The argument for Rational Pessimism can be considered as a variation on a Schopenhauerian argument that bluntly claims that, because desires involve lack and suffering, desiring souls like us cannot be happy. I argue that, even if Schopenhauer’s argument escapes most attacks that have been targeted against it, it faces decisive empirical objections. I argue that Schopenhauer’s argument can, however, be rescued if it is assumed that we are rational.
Attraction, Description and the Desire-Satisfaction Theory of Welfare
Authors: Lin Eden
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Can There Be Government House Reasons for Action?
Authors: Paakkunainen Hille
Published: October 2017

I defend the relatively orthodox view that reasons for action are premises in good practical reasoning, against recent counterexamples that suggest that, like “government house” moral justifications, some reasons are to be ignored in deliberation. I also explain, positively, what is right about the orthodoxy. Unless reasons are premises in good practical reasoning, reasons cannot be normative in the way they are usually taken to be, and relatedly, are unfit to play certain familiar theoretical and related everyday roles that give many appeals to reasons their distinctive point.
Evolutionary Debunking Arguments and our Shared Hatred of Pain
Authors: Bramble Ben
Published: October 2017

This article responds to an argument from Katarzyna de Ladari-Radek and Peter Singer in their article, "The Objectivity of Ethics and the Unity of Practical Reason."
The Myth of Instrumental Rationality
Authors: Raz Joseph
Published: October 2017

The paper distinguishes between instrumental reasons and instrumental rationality. It argues that instrumental reasons are not reasons to take the means to our ends. It further argues that there is no distinct form of instrumental reasoning or of instrumental rationality. In part the argument proceeds through a sympathetic examination of suggestions made by M. Bratman, J. Broome, and J. Wallace, though the accounts of instrumental rationality offered by the last two are criticised.
Is Gibbard a Realist?
Authors: Schroeter Laura , Schroeder Francois
Published: October 2017

In Thinking How to Live, Allan Gibbard claims that expressivists can vindicate realism about moral discourse. This paper argues that Gibbard’s expressivism does not provide such a vindication.
Strict Liability and the Mitigation of Moral Luck
Authors: Keating Greg
Published: October 2017

The general problem of moral luck—that responsibility is profoundly affected by factors beyond the control of the person held responsible—is often said to cause special problems for strict liability, as opposed to negligence liability. Negligence, the argument runs, holds people responsible for both fault and fate whereas strict liability holds people accountable solely for fate. This criticism is off the mark, both in its specific claim and in its general implications. The specific criticism is mistaken because the choice between negligence and strict liability holds the contributions of fate constant. Strict liability holds people accountable for harms attributable to their agency, whereas negligence liability holds people accountable for harms attributable to their culpable agency. The more general thesis that strict liability puts agents at the mercy of fate is mistaken because the most important form of strict liability—strict enterprise liability in the law of torts—actually softens the blows of fate. In a world where the costs of accidents can be dispersed across the activities which engender them, strict enterprise liability substitutes certain but manageable insurance premiums for unpredictable but potentially catastrophic liability, and replaces less certain compensation for serious injury with more certain compensation. By subjecting us to a lottery some of whose spins of the wheel impose financial ruin, it is fault liability that puts our actions at the mercy of luck.
Egalitarian Justice and Innocent Choice
Authors: Eyal Nir
Published: October 2017

In its standard formulation, luck-egalitarianism is false. Disadvantages that result from free choice to take a risk can constitute egalitarian injusticeóso long as that free choice is morally praiseworthy or at least neutral. A modified formulation of luck-egalitarianism avoids these problems. The formulation offered here focuses on the notion of innocence: lack of free and morally wrong choice to take a risk. Innocent disadvantage negates justice in both punitive and distributive contexts, suggesting that it may negate justice ìitself.î The modified formulation of luck-egalitarianism may thus shed light on distributive justice and perhaps on the essence of justice itself; applying it to the punitive context can also illuminate some of the discussion of moral luck.
On Treating Something as a Reason for Action
Authors: Littlejohn Clayton
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Three Millian Ways to Resolve Open Questions
Authors: Cullison Andrew
Published: October 2017

Millianism is a thesis in philosophy of language that the meaning of a proper name is simply its referent. Millianism faces certain puzzles called Frege's Puzzles. Some Millians defend the view by appealing to a metaphysics of belief that involves Ways of Believing. In the first part of this paper, I argue that ethical naturalists can adopt this Millian strategy to resist Moore’s Open Question argument. While this strategy of responding to the Open Question Argument has already appeared in the literature, I show that the Millian strategy can be easily extended to other versions of the Open Question Argument that are alleged to be stronger than the original formulation. The allegedly stronger versions of the Open Question Argument are not straightforwardly Frege's Puzzles, but they still have analogue versions that have been presented against Millianism. What the Ways Millian can say against those analogue versions can easily be applied to these other versions of the Open Question Argument.
Tuck on the Rationality of Voting
Authors: Brennan Jason
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Should Desert Replace Equality? Replies to Kagan
Authors: Weber Michael
Published: October 2017

Many people are moved by the thought that if A is worse off than B, then if we can improve the condition of one or the other but not both that it is better to improve the condition of A. Egalitarians are buoyed by the prevalence of such thoughts. But something other than egalitarianism could be driving these thoughts. In particular, such thoughts could be motivated, instead, by a combination of the belief that desert should determine how people fare and the belief that, for the most part, people are equally deserving. Shelly Kagan has pushed this line of argument, suggesting that desert should replace equality as a normative ideal. He argues that desert theory and egalitarianism often agree, and when they don’t intuition favors desert theory. A number of authors have offered responses to Kagan, including Serena Olsaretti, Fred Feldman, and Richard Arneson. However, I maintain that their responses are inadequate, primarily because they simply fail to capture the compelling intuitions that Kagan appeals to in making his case. There are other responses, however, and I consider three, each of which offers an egalitarian position that is compatible with Kagan’s most compelling intuitions. Thus, I maintain that Kagan has not sufficiently established that desert should replace equality as a normative ideal. There is still room for a genuinely egalitarian position, though Kagan’s reflections helpfully force egalitarians to further develop and refine their thinking.
Gender Justice
Authors: Gheaus Anca
Published: October 2017

I propose, defend and illustrate a principle of gender justice meant to capture the nature of a variety of injustices based on gender:A society is gender just only if the costs of a gender-neutral lifestyle are, all other things being equal, lower than, or at most equal to, the costs of gendered lifestyles.The principle is meant to account for the entire range of gender injustice: violence against women, economic and legal discrimination, domestic exploitation, the gendered division of labor and gendered socialization. The sense of “costs” employed is similarly wide. Costs can be material (such as financial, time or effort), psychological (such as self-respect, a good relationship with one’s body and emotions) and social (such as reputation, social acceptance and valuable social relationships).I defend the principle by appeal to the values at the core of liberal egalitarian justice: equality of access and the good of individual choice. I illustrate my case through a discussion of the injustice of a gendered division of labor. Some feminists doubt that liberal egalitarianism has the theoretical resources to recognize the unjust nature of the gendered division of labor. I argue that it does.If the principle advanced here is correct, then gender injustice is pervasive. At the same, it does not affect only women but also men. Liberal egalitarianism is capable of acknowledging this fact without denying that, overall, gender norms oppress women more than they oppress men: Arguably, women who wish to lead a gender-neutral lifestyle have to pay higher costs that men who wish to do the same.
A Counterexample to Parfit's Rule Consequentialism
Authors: Nebel Jacob
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Could Morality Have a Source?
Authors: Heathwood Chris
Published: October 2017

It is a common idea that morality, or moral truths, if there are any, must have some sort of source, or grounding. It has also been claimed that constructivist theories in metaethics have an advantage over realist theories in that the former but not the latter can provide such a grounding. This paper has two goals. First, it attempts to show that constructivism does not in fact provide a complete grounding for morality, and so is on a par with realism in this respect. Second, it explains why it seems that morality in fact couldn’t have a source.
Still No Redundant Properties
Authors: Brown Campbell
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Inescapability and Normativity
Authors: Silverstein Matthew
Published: October 2017

When we make ethical claims, we invoke a kind of objective authority. A familiar worry about our ethical practices is that this invocation of authority involves a mistake. This worry was perhaps best captured by John Mackie, who argued that the fabric of the world contains nothing so queer as objective authority and thus that all our ethical claims are false. Kantians such as Christine Korsgaard and David Velleman offer accounts of the objectivity of ethics that do without the controversial realist assumptions which gives rise to Mackie’s skepticism. They contend that our ethical claims correctly invoke objective authority not by corresponding to some normative pocket of the fabric of reality, but rather by expressing commitments that are inescapable. This Kantian strategy is often advertised as an alternative to traditional but “boring” metaethics. Its proponents promise to vindicate our ethical practices without entangling us in familiar metanormative disputes about the metaphysics, epistemology and semantics of ethics. In this paper, I argue that the Kantian strategy cannot make good on this promise. Considered as an attempt to sidestep traditional metaethics, it lacks the resources to produce the desired normative conclusions. The outlook for the Kantian strategy becomes more promising, though, if we pair it with one of two familiar metanormative theories: expressivism or reductionism. The resulting metaethically-loaded versions of the Kantian strategy can deliver the promised conclusions, but only by plunging straight into the quagmire of traditional metaethics. And there all of the familiar objections to expressivism and reductionism await.
In Defense of Batman
Authors: Lang Gerald , Lawlor Rob
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Immigration Restrictions and the Right to Avoid Unwanted Obligations
Authors: Hidalgo Javier
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Flourishing and Finitude
Authors: Kauppinen Antti
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Moral Disagreement and Epistemic Advantages
Authors: Sherman Ben
Published: October 2017

Sarah McGrath (2008; 2011) argues that, when it comes to our controversial moral views, we have no reason to think that we are less likely to be in error than those who disagree with us. I refer to this position as the Moral Peer View (MPV). Under pressure from Nathan King (2011a; 2011b), McGrath admits that the MPV need not always have been true, though she maintains it is true now. Although King seems to think that there should be current counterexamples to the MPV, he holds back from actually proposing any. I argue that those of us who favor marriage equality and gender equality are currently in a position to reject the MPV with regard to these issues, and I propose conditions under which people can reasonably take their moral beliefs to be epistemically advantaged. King and McGrath agree that opponents of slavery like William Wilberforce could reasonably believe that they enjoyed an epistemic advantage over proponents of slavery, and I suggest that proponents of marriage equality and gender equality might make similar claims. I propose that we can make additional claims to epistemic advantages if we believe that (1) almost everyone who considers the matter admits that there are advantages, (2) those who disagree with us would admit that there are advantages and (3) we can give a plausible explanation as to why those who we think are epistemically disadvantaged have not noticed that they are disadvantaged. Finally, I argue that it is reasonable to think that our controversial beliefs are justified if we can find reasons to think that our opponents are mistaken, and do not see similar reasons to think ourselves mistaken. This is a better policy than supposing that we are just as prone to mistakes as our opponents, as the latter is both less defensible in theory, and more likely to stifle intellectual progress.
Harm
Authors: Rabenberg Michael
Published: October 2017

In recent years, philosophers have proposed a variety of accounts of the nature of harm. In this paper, I consider several of these accounts and argue that they are unsuccessful. I then make a modest case for a different view.
Unfinished Adults and Defective Children
Authors: Gheaus Anca
Published: October 2017

Traditionally, most philosophers saw childhood as a state of deficiency and thought that its value was entirely dependent on how successfully it prepares individuals for adulthood. Yet, there are good reasons to think that childhood also has intrinsic value. Children possess certain intrinsically valuable abilities to a higher degree than adults. Moreover, going through a phase when one does not yet have a “self of one’s own,” and experimenting one’s way to a stable self, seems intrinsically valuable. I argue that children can have good lives, on several understandings of well-being – as a pleasurable state, as the satisfaction of simple desires or as the realization of certain objective goods. In reply to the likely objection that only individuals capable of morality can have intrinsic value, I explain why it is plausible that children have sufficient moral agency to be as deserving of respect as adults.
Aligning With the Good
Authors: Mitchell-Yellin Benjamin
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Humean Externalism and the Argument from Depression
Authors: Swartzer Steven
Published: October 2017

Several prominent philosophers have argued that the fact that depressed agents sometimes make moral judgments without being appropriately motivated supports Humean externalism – the view that moral motivation must be explained in terms of desires that are distinct from or “external” to an agent’s motivationally inert moral judgments. This essay argues that such motivational failures do not, in fact, provide evidence for this view. I argue that, if the externalist argument from depression is to undermine a philo-sophically important version of internalism, it must make use of a general assumption about motivational states. However, at a reasonable level of abstraction, the needed assumption also implies that even desires could not be effective sources of motivation. For, just as depressed agents might sometimes lack motivation to act consistently with their moral judgments, they also sometimes lack motivation to pursue their desires. Moreover, the most plausible responses that Humeans can give to this general argument undermine the externalist case against internalism. Thus, there is a deep tension between the argument from depression for externalism and a fundamental Humean commitment.
Defining the Graduate College Experience: What it “Should” versus “Does” Include
Authors: L. Hardre Patricia , Hackett Shannon
Published: October 2017

Gaps between expectations and actual educational experience may influence motivation, learning and performance. The graduate college experience (GCE) is shrouded in myth and legend that may create unrealistic expectations, while its reality includes elements of politics, economics and organizational psychology. This study examined 1,629 present and former graduate students’ perceptions of what their graduate school experiences should and did include. The sample was analyzed as a whole and also divided and tested for subgroup differences by: degree types (masters and doctorate); at four different points along their degree paths (entrance, midpoint, exit, alumni); and by disciplinary subgroups (hard sciences, social sciences, arts, interdisciplinary). Statistically significant differences were found between subgroups on perceptions of what the GCE “should” and “does” include separately. Further, within-groups comparison of what the graduate college experience “should” and “does” include showed significant differences for the whole group and all subgroups. In addition, the differences between graduate students’ expected and actual experience (should - does) negatively predicted overall satisfaction with their graduate experience. These contrasts of students’ actual and expected graduate experiences present potential to explain some of graduate students’ dissatisfaction and non-completion, and offer information to support program improvement and retention of graduate students.
Becoming a Scientist: PhD Workplaces and Other Sites of Learning
Authors: McAlpine Lynn , Mitra Mahima
Published: October 2017

Doctoral students have often been described as apprentices engaged in workplace learning. Further, assumptions are frequently made in the literature about the common nature of such learning experiences, e.g., in the sciences, research-related practices are learned in a lab within the supervisor’s program and team. A few recent studies of the science doctoral experience have challenged this view arguing such assumptions may overlook considerable variation. This longitudinal study, using frequently completed activity logs and an interview, reports on the research-related practices of twelve UK science doctoral students. The analysis, particularly of the logs, challenged some of the literature-based assumptions: students often chose to work in institutional offices, non-institutional sites and their homes rather than in labs; they did not necessarily engage regularly with a research team, nor were they necessarily engaged in a project directly linked to their supervisors’. That students chose not to work in traditionally assumed places suggests the importance of attending to: a) student agency, b) how research-related practices may be changing, and c) how sites of doctoral learning might need to be reconceived. As well, the findings suggest the value of non-traditional data collection methods in capturing variation in experience.