bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The methodology of conducting an experimental study of the perception of the graphical interface using eye-tracking technology
Authors: Kheyfits Antonina Evgenievna , Yanchus Viktor Edmundasovich , Borevich Ekaterina Vladislavovna
Published: July 2022

This article describes the methodology developed by the authors for conducting an experimental study of the perception of the graphical interface of remote control systems for dynamic objects using eye-tracking technology. The developed methodology is an integral part of research on the perception of visual information. The object of the study is a graphical interface of dynamic object control systems. The subject of the study is dashboards in a stimulus slide, their internal content (type, size, quantity). The methodology includes the development of a set of dashboards with different values of the displayed parameter, made in three types of diagrams (linear, columnar, curly quantitative) and in three sizes. The stimulus material of the experiment was developed using a special software module. This module performed the task of filling the stimulus with dashboards randomly. To conduct the experiment, an eye-tracking software and hardware complex was used, which captures the objective parameters of the eye pattern and allows you to shoot arrays of experimental data. Standard methods of mathematical statistics, such as analysis of variance, are used to process the results of the experiment. The developed technique was tested on a limited group. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the development of a methodology for conducting an experimental study on the influence of the factor of the number, type and size of diagrams in a graphic composition, its perception by the viewer.
Features of the organization and classification of virtual reality interfaces
Authors: Kiryanov Denis Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study is the features of the organization of virtual reality interfaces. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as user involvement in the virtual environment, various ways and scenarios of user interaction with virtual reality, user security in the virtual environment, as well as such a phenomenon as cyberbullying and ways to prevent it. The study also considers the use of voice control as an alternative to manual. Particular attention in this study is paid to the classification of virtual reality interfaces, among which sensory interfaces, interfaces based on user motor skills, sensorimotor interfaces, interfaces for modeling and developing virtual reality are distinguished and considered in detail.    The main conclusion of the study is that the virtual reality interface should be designed taking into account the ergonomics of users to prevent muscle fatigue and cyber-pain. In addition, it is very important to ensure the user's safety when designing virtual environment interfaces: using the virtual reality interface should not lead to injury to the user. To create an ergonomic and secure virtual reality interface, a combination of different types of interfaces is often required, through which the user can access an alternative control method or improved navigation. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the description of the classification of virtual reality interfaces.
The evolution of female images of modern Caucasian women's prose ( based on the material of the novel by M. Akhmedova "Stone Girl. Water")
Authors: Zubtsova Yuliya Olegovna
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to female images of modern Caucasian women's prose. The author examines in detail the images presented in the novel by the writer and journalist Marina Akhmedova "The Stone. Girl. Water", analyzing a wide range of themes and motifs presented in the novel. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the motive of turning to religion, the confrontation of the city and the village, the motive of love, motherhood, etc. Special attention is paid to the female image – the image of a mother, daughter, teacher. Marina Akhmedova immerses the reader in the atmosphere of everyday life, which allows us to talk about the traditional theme and plot characteristic of Caucasian prose. The novelty of the research lies, first of all, in the choice of the author and the novel for analysis – modern Caucasian women's prose is represented by a rather narrow list of writers. As the main conclusions of the study, the author identifies the following: the heroes of modern Caucasian women's prose are acutely aware of the scrapping of the national matrix. They are disappointed in modern reality and deliberately strive for the international. Despite the traditional nature of the theme and plot, Akhmedova manages to combine the classical literary form with topical journalism, showing the difficult fate of her people through the prism of female characters, showing their evolution according to their social status.
Functional adverbialization of substantive word forms of the "winter" type through the prism of indexing
Authors: Shigurov Viktor Vasil'evich , Shigurova Tat'yana Alekseevna
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyze the degrees of adverbialization of the "winter" substantive formations in peripheral adverbs. The relevance of the work is due to the need to study peripheral zones in the grammatical structure of the Russian language, explicating syncretic language units at different stages of intercategory transposition. The novelty of the approach consists in using the methods of oppositional analysis and indexing the degrees of adverbialization of nouns, which made it possible to minimize the element of subjectivism in the evaluation of adverbializing word forms in typical contexts. General scientific and general linguistic, special methods of material analysis (comparison, generalization, descriptive method, elements of component, distributive and transformational analysis) are also used in this research. The focus is on word forms such as "in winter" demonstrates that different circumstances interacts differently with nouns and adverbs. The study of the degrees and limits of their functional adverbialization showed that in the structure of substantive adverbs like "in winter", signs of nouns and adverbs are synthesized in different proportions. It is established that as a result of the grammatical transposition into the class of temporal adverbs, the word form "in winter" reveals 4% correspondence of differential signs of the original noun "winter (winter)" and 78% compliance with the substantive adverb meaning of "sometimes". The zone of the periphery of adverbs serves as the limit of categorical transformation for the forms of the nouns "in winter", "in spring", "in summer", "in autumn", which do not violate the semantic identity of the original substantive lexemes. The results of the research can be used in the further development of the problem of transitivity and syncretism in the field of significant and official parts of speech, in the creation of a transpositional grammar of the Russian language and in lexicographic practice – when writing dictionaries of interparticle homonyms.
Surgical treatment of a ruptured internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm following transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Adalid Luis Alfonso Castillejo , Herrera Víctor Chávez , Rubio Diego Soto , Toro Miguel Abdo , Estrada Eric Estrada
Published: July 2022

Development of Internal Carotid Artery pseudoaneurysms (ICAp) after transsphenoidal surgery is extremely rare, occurring only in 0.4% of cases. Surgical treatment of ICAp poses a real challenge to the neurosurgeon as treatment may require parent vessel sacrifice or artery reconstruction with bypass grafting. Furthermore, surgical resolution of these lesions is rarely reported in the literature.The internal carotid artery is prone to iatrogenic injury in transsphenoidal surgery due to its frequent involvement in pituitary adenomas. Intracranial pseudoaneurysms may be at high risk for rupture and increased morbidity and mortality. Here we present a case of a patient with an ICAp rupture two months after transsphenoidal surgery for a pituitary adenoma.
A non-transcriptional function of Yap regulates the DNA replication program in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Meléndez García Rodrigo , Haccard Olivier , Chesneau Albert , Narassimprakash Hemalatha , Roger Jérôme , Perron Muriel , Marheineke Kathrin , Bronchain Odile
Published: July 2022

In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, the initiation of DNA replication occurs asynchronously throughout S-phase according to a regulated replication timing program. Here, using Xenopus egg extracts, we showed that Yap (Yes-associated protein 1), a downstream effector of the Hippo signalling pathway, is required for the control of DNA replication dynamics. We found that Yap is recruited to chromatin at the start of DNA replication and identified Rif1, a major regulator of the DNA replication timing program, as a novel Yap binding protein. Furthermore, we show that either Yap or Rif1 depletion accelerates DNA replication dynamics by increasing the number of activated replication origins. In Xenopus embryos, using a Trim-Away approach during cleavage stages devoid of transcription, we found that either Yap or Rif1 depletion triggers an acceleration of cell divisions, suggesting a shorter S-phase by alterations of the replication program. Finally, our data show that Rif1 knockdown leads to defects in the partitioning of early versus late replication foci in retinal stem cells, as we previously showed for Yap. Altogether, our findings unveil a non-transcriptional role for Yap in regulating replication dynamics. We propose that Yap and Rif1 function as brakes to control the DNA replication program in early embryos and post-embryonic stem cells.
Brain-wide screen of prelimbic cortex inputs reveals a functional shift during early fear memory consolidation
Authors: Dixsaut Lucie , Gräff Johannes
Published: July 2022

Memory formation and storage rely on multiple interconnected brain areas, the contribution of which varies during memory consolidation. The medial prefrontal cortex, in particular the prelimbic cortex (PL), was traditionally found to be involved in remote memory storage, but recent evidence points toward its implication in early consolidation as well. Nevertheless, the inputs to the PL governing these dynamics remain unknown. Here, we first performed a brain-wide, rabies-based retrograde tracing screen of PL engram cells activated during contextual fear memory formation in male mice to identify relevant PL input regions. Next, we assessed the specific activity pattern of these inputs across different phases of memory consolidation, from fear memory encoding to recent and remote memory recall. Using projection-specific chemogenetic inhibition, we then tested their functional role in memory consolidation, which revealed a hitherto unknown contribution of claustrum to PL inputs at encoding, and of insular cortex to PL inputs at recent memory recall. Both of these inputs further impacted how PL engram cells were reactivated at memory recall, testifying to their relevance for establishing a memory trace in the PL. Collectively, these data identify a spatiotemporal shift in PL inputs important for early memory consolidation, and thereby help to refine the working model of memory formation.
The efficacy of commercial decontamination agents differs between standardised test settings and research laboratory usage for a variety of bacterial species
Authors: Uy Benedict , Read Hannah , van de Pas Shara , Marnane Rebecca , Casu Francesca , Swift Simon , Wiles Siouxsie
Published: July 2022

Decontamination of surfaces and items plays an important role in reducing the spread of infectious microorganisms in many settings including hospitals and research institutes. Regardless of the location, appropriate decontamination procedures are required for maintaining biosafety and biosecurity. For example, effective decontamination of microbial cultures is essential to ensure proper biocontainment and safety within microbiological laboratories. To this end, many commercial decontamination agents are available which have been tested to a prescribed standard to substantiate their efficacy. However, these standardised tests are unlikely to accurately reflect many conditions encountered in medical and biomedical research. Despite this, laboratory workers and other users of decontamination agents may assume that all decontamination agents will work in all situations. We tested commonly used commercial decontamination agents against a range of bacterial species to determine their efficacy under real-world research laboratory conditions. As each decontamination agent has a different recommended dilution for use, to compare their efficacy we calculated their ‘effective ratio’ which reflects the difference between the manufacturer-recommended dilution and the dilution needed to achieve decontamination under real-world research laboratory conditions. Effective ratios above one indicate that the agent was effective at a dilution more dilute than recommended whereas effective ratios lower than one indicate that the agent required a higher concentration than recommended. Our results show that the quaternary ammonium agents TriGene Advance and Chemgene HLD4L were the most effective out of the agents tested, with biocidal activity measured at up to 64 times the recommended dilution. In contrast, hypochlorite (bleach) and Prevail™ (stabilised hydrogen peroxide) had the lowest effective ratios amongst the tested agents. In conclusion, our data suggests that not all decontamination agents will work at the recommended dilutions under real-world research laboratory conditions. We recommend that the protocols for the use of decontamination agents are verified under the specific conditions required to ensure they are fit for purpose.
Mitochondrial marker implies fishery separate management units for spotted sardinella,Amblygaster sirm(Walbaum, 1792) populations in the South China Sea and the Andaman Sea
Authors: Jamaludin Noorul Azliana , Jamaluddin Jamsari Amirul Firdaus , Rahim Masazurah A. , Mohammed Akib Noor Adelyna , Ratmuangkhwang Sahat , Mohd Arshaad Wahidah , Mohd Nor Siti Azizah
Published: July 2022

The spotted sardinella,Amblygaster sirm(Walbaum, 1792), is a commercial sardine commonly caught in Malaysia. Lack of management of these marine species in Malaysian waters could lead to overfishing and potentially declining fish stock populations. Therefore, sustainable management of this species is of paramount importance to ensure its longevity. As such, molecular information is vital in determining theA. sirmpopulation structure and management strategy. In the present study, mitochondrial DNA Cytochromebwas sequenced from 10A. sirmpopulations: the Andaman Sea (AS) (two), South China Sea (SCS) (six), Sulu Sea (SS) (one), and Celebes Sea (CS) (one). Accordingly, the intra-population haplotype diversity (Hd) was high (0.91–1.00), and nucleotide diversity (π) was low (0.002–0.009), which suggests a population bottleneck followed by rapid population growth. Based on the phylogenetic trees, minimum spanning network (MSN), population pairwise comparison, andFST,and supported by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) tests, distinct genetic structures were observed (7.2% to 7.6% genetic divergence) between populations in the SCS and its neighboring waters, versus those in the AS. Furthermore, the results definedA. sirmstock boundaries and evolutionary between the west and east coast (which shares the same waters as western Borneo) of Peninsular Malaysia. In addition, genetic homogeneity was revealed throughout the SCS, SS, and CS based on the non-significantFSTpairwise comparisons. Based on the molecular evidence, separate management strategies may be required forA. sirmof the AS and the SCS, including its neighboring waters.
Propiedades de las pastas espumadas endurecidas con agentes espumantes alternativos en función de la porosidad
Authors:   Universidad de Medellín, Medellín - COLOMBIA Colombia, Chica L. M. , Alzate A. L. ,   Universidad de Medellín, Medellín - COLOMBIA Colombia
Published: July 2022

El hormigón es uno de los materiales más usados en la ingeniería civil. No obstante, la industria de la construcción exige el uso de materiales de más livianos y el hormigón celular es una alternativa. Este tipo de hormigón es reconocido por su baja densidad, alta trabajabilidad, baja conductividad térmica y acústica y su alta resistencia al fuego. En estado endurecido, las propiedades del hormigón tales como la densidad, resistencia a la compresión, permeabilidad, retracción y aislamiento termoacústico se encuentran íntimamente relacionadas con su porosidad y distribución del tamaño de sus poros. La diferencia en la estructura de los poros se debe principalmente al tipo de espuma, razón agua-cemento y estabilidad de la espuma. Dada la importancia de la porosidad en la evaluación del comportamiento de un hormigón celular en estado endurecido, este trabajo busca determinar las relaciones matemáticas existentes entre la porosidad, densidad y resistencia a la compresión, considerando el efecto del tipo de reactivo espumante usado y la razón agua-cemento.
Key Factors in the Success of Virtualization of Teaching in Spanish Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Infante-Moro Alfonso , Infante-Moro Juan C. , Gallardo-Pérez Julia
Published: July 2022

The virtualization of university teaching in Spain caused by the pandemic was a success, but the urgent nature of the transition from face-to-face teaching to online teaching meant that some peculiarities that should have been taken into account were omitted. Thus, in order to find out and analyze the factors causing the success of this virtualization and take measures to address the weak points of this process as teachers may want to maintain the use of online teaching as support for their face-to-face teaching, these factors were located through a literature review and were classified according to their level of importance in this success through a causal study carried out with the methodology of fuzzy cognitive maps. The results achieved indicated the determining factors in students, involving their attitude, aptitude and predisposition, which are factors where the work of the teacher is of main relevance (as it exerts the greatest influence on these factors). For this reason, technological attitude and aptitude, teaching style, and the creation and structuring of content should be reinforced in teachers.
Comparing Gamification Models in Higher Education Using Face-to-Face and Virtual Escape Rooms
Authors: Pozo-Sánchez Santiago , Lampropoulos Georgios , López-Belmonte Jesús
Published: July 2022

Gamification is a training model that encourages the inclusion of active methodologies into learning environments. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of a gamified experience through virtual and face-to-face escape rooms as well as to determine the generated levels of fun, absorption, creative thinking, mastery, activation, absence of negative effects and student grades. A descriptive and correlational experimental design has been used. In total, 105 Spanish university students participated. The data was collected using a scale validated in the Spanish context called Gameful Experience in Gamification (GAMEX). The results reveal significant variability according to the training environment. In face-to-face environments, students’ fun and activation were promoted, generating pleasant entertainment experiences. In virtual environments, influence, autonomy, creativity, and exploration by students increased. Similarly, these environments shared high levels of spatio-temporal absorption and an absence of negative effects. Regarding the ratings, no statistically significant results that confirm their effectiveness depending on the environment were determined, but good scores were obtained. It is concluded that the choice of the gamified environment will depend on the dimensions and the goals that the teacher intends to achieve during the learning process.
Measuring Rural Teachers’ Digital Competence to Communicate with the Educational Community
Authors: Guillén-Gámez Francisco David , Mayorga-Fernández María José
Published: July 2022

Teachers’ communication with the educational community (students, families and teachers) may be different depending on the place where they reside. We ask ourselves whether teachers in rural areas are sufficiently prepared to carry out this communication through digital media. Thus, this study had as its aims to: (1) ascertain teachers’ digital competence self-assessment about the utilisation of ICT resources to communicate with other teachers, students and families, according to gender, type of school, age and years of teaching experience; (2) analyse comparatively if significant differences exist in terms of digital competence level between the internal categories of each variable; (3) identify which digital resources are significant predictors. A non-experimental design was used with 847 rural teachers from different rural areas in Spain. The results showed an integrating attitude of every teacher-expert in their digital skills, regarding communication both with students and their families and with the other colleagues at the educational centre. We found differences in teachers’ scores when comparing by gender and type of centre. Furthermore, we checked those applications such as Blogs, TikTok, Twitter and Moodle served were relevant predictors.
Mediation Models Predicting the Level of Digital Competence of 12–14 Year Old Schoolchildren in the Area of Digital Problem Solving
Authors: Cabezas-González Marcos , Casillas-Martín Sonia , García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso Ana
Published: July 2022

Technology has become invaluable and digital competence has turned into a necessity for students. The research presented here aims to propose mediation models that explain the influence of attitudinal, technology use, and family factors on the level of digital problem-solving skills of compulsory education students (12–14 years old). A quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional design was used. We worked with a sample of 772 students from 18 Spanish educational centres according to a stratified random sampling method. For data collection, an objective assessment test was used for knowledge and skills, and a Likert scale for attitudes. Regression analyses were carried out by creating theoretical reference models based on the bootstrapping technique. The results showed that students who expressed a favourable attitude towards digital problem solving demonstrated a better level of competence, which was also positively influenced by the possession of technological devices and the frequency of their use for school and non-school activities at home.
Open to Better? Teachers’ Perceptions of Curriculum Integration in the Erasmus Mundus PETaL Master’s Degree
Authors: Aguayo-Arrabal Natividad , Gómez-Parra María-Elena
Published: July 2022

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master’s Degrees (EMJMD) offer a unique opportunity to jointly design and deliver an integrated curriculum of excellence in an international context. This study analyses the case of a Master’s Degree specialised in Education: PETaL “Play, Education, Toys and Languages”. This is the first EMJMD obtained by the University of Cordoba (Spain) within the framework of the Erasmus+ Program (2014–2020), in coordination with the Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon (Portugal) and Marmara University (Turkey). Through the design, validation and distribution of an online questionnaire, this research aims to examine teachers’ opinions on the place of integration in their teaching, as well as on the level of interdisciplinarity in the programme based on Harden’s model (2000). This pioneering course represents a favourable context in which to evaluate the “jointness” in the curriculum and other aspects of the teaching-learning process, little explored so far in this context. The results reveal that, foreseeably, the conditions for greater integration in the successive editions are in place. Thus, it is necessary to continue strengthening teaching coordination and the aspects leading to further curricular integration. The study also serves as a reflection on teaching practice and the possibilities for interdisciplinarity in postgraduate education.
Brazilian Influences on Popular Education in Spain. The Hallmarks of Paulo Freire in Enrique de Castro’s Work
Authors: de Freitas Ermel Tatiane , Hernández Huerta José Luis
Published: July 2022

In the 1970s and 1980s, the social and professional imaginaries of education, sociopolitical conceptions of it, and educational practices in Spain, began to be influenced by certain elements specific to critical popular education, which had developed in Latin America during the long 1960s. Paulo Freire’s work was particularly prominent among such influences, either directly or indirectly inspiring social and fundamental educational movements in contexts of poverty, marginalisation and social exclusion -for example, street educators. One of the most significant examples of these Freirean practices was Enrique de Castro- a working-class priest who worked in the south of Madrid (Spain) with young people in such a position, from the early 1970s. At the same time, he laboured to bring about social transformation and development; the project managed to Garner the involvement of practically the entire community. This article analyses Paulo Freire’s influence in the educational and community principles expressed by Enrique de Castro in his works ¿Hay que colgarlos? and Dios es ateo. Particular attention is paid to the notions of awareness-raising, education, social action, community development, social and critical leadership of institutions, which de Castro championed.
Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Its Impact on the Development of Interpersonal Competences in Higher Education
Authors: Crespí Paula , García-Ramos José Manuel , Queiruga-Dios Marián
Published: July 2022

In response to globalisation, and the cultural, socio-economic, and educational changes it implies, higher education must offer a comprehensive education that favours personal and professional growth. To do this, it must promote competence-based learning through active teaching methodologies. This study will analyse the use of Project-Based Learning (PBL) methodologies in the context of transversal subjects, as an efficient technique to develop interpersonal communication and teamworking skills. This research is quasi-experimental, with a pre-test/post-test design with an equivalent control group. The sample consists of 610 university students from the Community of Madrid, of whom 387 participated in the PBL (Experimental Group: EG) and 223 did not (Control Group: CG). A reliable and validated questionnaire on personal competences was used as a measurement instrument. The hypotheses on the effectiveness of PBL as a technique for the development of interpersonal communication and teamworking skills in the context of transversal subjects are confirmed. The results suggest that greater use of active methodologies to promote the development of transversal or generic competences is highly recommended and that the insertion of transversal subjects into university curricula may be highly beneficial.
Reproductive Rights in Neurology—The Supreme Court's Impact on All of Us
Authors: LaHue Sara C. , Gano Dawn , Bove Riley
Published: July 2022

This Viewpoint discusses how abortion bans will affect the delivery of current standard neurologic care for many patients, specifically standards that depend on planning or preventing pregnancies using individual choice.
High‐Resolution Patterning of 2D Perovskite Films through Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing
Authors: Liang Shu‐Yu , Liu Yue‐Feng , Wang Shen‐Yuan , Ji Zhi‐Kun , Xia Hong , Bai Ben‐Feng , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: July 2022

2D perovskites have been considered as promising candidates for optoelectronic devices due to their good optical and electronic properties compared to 3D perovskites with significantly higher stability. Considering the commercial applications involving displays, image sensors, and fluorescent anti‐counterfeiting labels, the patterning technique of 2D perovskites is urgently required. However, existing patterning approaches still have challenges in high‐resolution fabrication. Here, a facile femtosecond laser direct writing method to fabricate arbitrarily patterned 2D perovskite films with well‐defined profiles and uniform fluorescence properties is developed. The flexible, fine, and non‐thermal diffused patterning abilities of femtosecond laser facilitate diverse 2D perovskite patterns exhibiting bright emission without any pinholes and cracks, as well as high resolution of approximate 2 µm line width. Based on this efficient patterning technique, this study demonstrates fluorescent anti‐counterfeiting labels (quick response code embedded with microlines) based on 2D perovskite films with high humidity stability, which can be identified from 43% to 96% relative humidity. This high‐resolution, reliable, efficient, and facile patterning technique for 2D perovskites with high humidity stability provides a promising technical route for 2D perovskite‐based optoelectronic applications.
Vertically Stacked vdW Double Heterojunction Photodiode with Ultrawide Bandgap Gallium Oxide Electron Reservoir
Authors: Lee Chan Ho , Park Youngseo , Kim Sungkyu , Jeong Yeong Je , Ahn Yeong Hwan , Kim Young Chul , Heo Junseok , Yoo Geonwook
Published: July 2022

Co‐integration of visible and infrared (IR) photodetection into a simple configuration is of essential importance for broadband multispectral imaging, and various heterostructures based on group IV, III–V, and recent 2D semiconductors have been studied in efforts to circumvent limits on photoresponsivity and response speed in IR ranges. In this work, a vertically stacked double heterojunction (DHJ) photodiode (PD) with ultrawide‐bandgap gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is reported on, and the performance is compared with p‐WSe2/n‐Ge PD. The fabricated n‐Ga2O3/p‐WSe2/n‐Ge PD responds to a broad spectral range from vis to shortwave IR (SWIR) (1550 nm) with a response time of ≈2.6 µs and responsivity of 17.2 A W−1. The superior performance is attributed to amplified photocurrent gains, and the additional n‐Ga2O3 has a high electron carrier density with negligible hole density at room temperature and thus, can play a role as an electron reservoir while being transparent to the spectral ranges. vScanning photocurrent microscopy analysis is performed to provide the mechanism. The demonstrated SWIR imaging shows that the proposed DHJ provides a potential pathway for high‐speed multispectral vision applications.
Genetic Disruption of KLF1 K74 SUMOylation in Hematopoietic System Promotes Healthy Longevity in Mice
Authors: Shyu Yu‐Chiau , Liao Po‐Cheng , Huang Ting‐Shou , Yang Chun‐Ju , Lu Mu‐Jie , Huang Shih‐Ming , Lin Xin‐Yu , Liou Cai‐Cin , Kao Yu‐Hsiang , Lu Chi‐Huan , Peng Hui‐Ling , Chen Jim‐Ray , Cherng Wen‐Jin , Yang Ning‐I , Chen Yung‐Chang , Pan Heng‐Chih , Jiang Si‐Tse , Hsu Chih‐Chin , Lin Gigin , Yuan Shin‐Sheng , Hsu Paul Wei‐Che , Wu Kou‐Juey , Lee Tung‐Liang , Shen Che‐Kun James
Published: July 2022

The quest for rejuvenation and prolonged lifespan through transfusion of young blood has been studied for decades with the hope of unlocking the mystery of the key substance(s) that exists in the circulating blood of juvenile organisms. However, a pivotal mediator has yet been identified. Here, atypical findings are presented that are observed in a knockin mouse model carrying a lysine to arginine substitution at residue 74 of Krüppel‐like factor 1 (KLF1/EKLF), the SUMOylation‐deficient Klf1K74R/K74R mouse, that displayed significant improvement in geriatric disorders and lifespan extension. Klf1K74R/K74R mice exhibit a marked delay in age‐related physical performance decline and disease progression as evidenced by physiological and pathological examinations. Furthermore, the KLF1(K74R) knockin affects a subset of lymphoid lineage cells; the abundance of tumor infiltrating effector CD8+ T cells and NKT cells is increased resulting in antitumor immune enhancement in response to tumor cell administration. Significantly, infusion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from Klf1K74R/K74R mice extends the lifespan of the wild‐type mice. The Klf1K74R/K74R mice appear to be an ideal animal model system for further understanding of the molecular/cellular basis of aging and development of new strategies for antiaging and prevention/treatment of age‐related diseases thus extending the healthspan as well as lifespan.
Phosphorus‐Doped Graphene Aerogel as Self‐Supported Electrocatalyst for CO2‐to‐Ethanol Conversion
Authors: Yang Fangqi , Liang Caihong , Yu Haoming , Zeng Zheling , Lam Yeng Ming , Deng Shuguang , Wang Jun
Published: July 2022

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to ethanol is a promising strategy for global warming mitigation and resource utilization. However, due to the intricacy of C─C coupling and multiple proton–electron transfers, CO2‐to‐ethanol conversion remains a great challenge with low activity and selectivity. Herein, it is reported a P‐doped graphene aerogel as a self‐supporting electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction to ethanol. High ethanol Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 48.7% and long stability of 70 h are achieved at −0.8 VRHE. Meanwhile, an outstanding ethanol yield of 14.62 µmol h−1 cm−2 can be obtained, outperforming most reported electrocatalysts. In situ Raman spectra indicate the important role of adsorbed *CO intermediates in CO2‐to‐ethanol conversion. Furthermore, the possible active sites and optimal pathway for ethanol formation are revealed by density functional theory calculations. The graphene zigzag edges with P doping enhance the adsorption of *CO intermediate and increase the coverage of *CO on the catalyst surface, which facilitates the *CO dimerization and boosts the EtOH formation. In addition, the hierarchical pore structure of P‐doped graphene aerogels exposes abundant active sites and facilitates mass/charge transfer. This work provides inventive insight into designing metal‐free catalysts for liquid products from CO2 electroreduction.
Developing a supervised machine‐learning model capable of distinguishing fiber orientation of polymer composite samples nondestructively tested using active ultrasonics
Authors: Bedrosian Austin D. , Thompson Michael R. , Hrymak Andrew , Lanza Gisela
Published: July 2022

This study evaluated the paired performance of different signal processing techniques and supervised learning models being capable of identifying subtle differences in otherwise similar acoustic signals related to detecting the fiber orientation of a polymer composite. Projection of Latent Structures models demonstrated poor predictive capabilities of the composite structure based on spectral analysis of the acoustic signal. AI based models showed great improvements to the capabilities, with artificial neural network modeling exceeding Convolutional Neural Networks for correct classification accuracies. The continuous wavelet transfer highlighted the greatest degree of differences in the signal response compared with fast Fourier Transformation or short time Fourier transformation. The use of regression‐based predictions over classification‐based was found to greatly improve the predictive capabilities of the models, especially when multiple fiber orientations were present in a sample. A time‐based analysis of spectral data showed the frequencies of the signal changed based on the orientation of the fibers. The acoustic signals for the samples with multiple fiber orientations contained individual artifacts representing components of each individual orientation. Use of the frequency domain was shown as capable of observing the targeted fiber information within the bulk material in real‐time. This work shows great promise for composite material predictions using active ultrasonics, with the potential to be implemented into in‐line systems.
A Mechanochemical, Catalyst‐Free Cascade Synthesis of 1,3‐Diols and 1,4‐Iodoalcohols Using Styrenes and Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Pan Liangkun , Zheng Long , Chen Ye , Ke Zhihai , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: July 2022

A mechanochemical and solvent/catalyst‐free functionalization of olefins with hypervalent iodine reagents has been developed, enabling the synthesis of 1,3‐dioxygenated compounds. Under similar reaction conditions with the addition of molecular iodine, 1,4‐iodoalcohols can be synthesized. These valuable products are non‐trivial to achieve via standard solution‐phase methods. Mechanistic study reveals that the hypervalent iodine reagent might dimerize at solid state with the help of mechanical force. The active monomeric form of hypervalent iodine reagent might trigger the 1,3‐ and 1,4‐difunctionalization reactions in an intermolecular cascade manner.
Dual Reactivity of a Geometrically Constrained Phosphenium Cation
Authors: Volodarsky Solomon , Bawari Deependra , Dobrovetsky Roman
Published: July 2022

A geometrically constrained phosphenium cation in bis(pyrrolyl)pyridine based NNN pincer type ligand (1+) was synthesized, isolated and its preliminary reactivity was studied with small molecules.1+reacts with MeOH and Et2NH, activating the O−H and N−H bonds via a P‐center/ligand assisted path. The reaction of1+with one equiv. of H3NBH3leads to its dehydrogenation producing5. Interestingly, reaction of1+with an excess H3NBH3leads to phosphinidene (PI) species coordinating to two BH3molecules (6). In contrast, [1+][OTf] reacts with Et3SiH by hydride abstraction yielding1‐Hand Et3SiOTf, while [1+][B(C6F5)4] reacts with Et3SiH via an oxidative addition type reaction of Si−H bond to P‐center, affording a new PVcompound (8). However,8is not stable over time and degrades to a complex mixture of compounds in matter of minutes. Despite this, the ability of [1+][B(C6F5)4] to activate Si−H bond could still be tested in catalytic hydrosilylation of benzaldehyde, where1+closely mimics transition metal behaviour.
Highly Regioselective Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Dong , Li Xiao‐Yu , Mo Qian‐Kun , Shi Wen‐Bin , Zhao Jia‐Bao , Zhu Shou‐Fei
Published: July 2022

Herein, we report the development of new Co complexes that have cyclopropane‐based diphosphine ligands and can catalyze highly chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective hydroboration reactions of unsymmetrical internal alkynes. These reactions exhibited unusual regioselectivity: specifically, reactions of aryl alkyl internal alkynes showed excellent cis‐β‐addition selectivity, and reactions of dialkyl internal alkynes gave excellent cis‐α‐addition selectivity. Highly regioselective hydroboration of unsymmetrical dialkyl internal alkynes cannot be achieved by other known methods. The reactions described herein are highly synthetically useful, particularly for the stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenylborates and alkenes. Mechanistic studies indicate that a CoI−H species is a plausible active catalyst and the rigid structure of the cyclopropane skeleton of the ligands and the crowded reaction pocket were responsible for the unprecedented regioselectivity.
Mass Spectrometry Detection and Imaging of a Non‐Covalent Protein–Drug Complex in Tissue from Orally Dosed Rats
Authors: Illes‐Toth Eva , Hale Oliver J. , Hughes James W. , Strittmatter Nicole , Rose Jonathan , Clayton Ben , Sargeant Rebecca , Jones Stewart , Dannhorn Andreas , Goodwin Richard J. A. , Cooper Helen J.
Published: July 2022

Here, we demonstrate detection by mass spectrometry of an intact protein–drug complex directly from liver tissue from rats that had been orally dosed with the drug. The protein–drug complex comprised fatty acid binding protein 1, FABP1, non‐covalently bound to the small molecule therapeutic bezafibrate. Moreover, we demonstrate spatial mapping of the [FABP1+bezafibrate] complex across a thin section of liver by targeted mass spectrometry imaging. This work is the first demonstration of in situ mass spectrometry analysis of a non‐covalent protein–drug complex formed in vivo and has implications for early stage drug discovery by providing a route to target‐drug characterization directly from the physiological environment.
High‐Performance Thermoelectric α‐Ag9Ga1−xTe6 Compounds with Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity Originating from Ag9Te2 Motifs
Authors: Tang Yingfei , Yu Yimeng , Zhao Na , Liu Keke , Chen Haijie , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Shi Yixuan , Chen Shuo , Yu Lingxiao , Wu Jinsong , Zhang Qingjie , Su Xianli , Tang Xinfeng
Published: July 2022

We have determined the complex atomic structure of high‐temperature α‐Ag9GaTe6 phase with a hexagonal lattice (P63mc space group, a=b=8.2766 Å, c=13.4349 Å). The structure has outer [GaTe4]5− tetrahedrons and inner [Ag9Te2]5+ clusters. All of the Ag ions are disorderly distributed in the lattice. Seven types of the Ag atoms constitute the cage‐like [Ag9Te2]5+ clusters. The highly disordered Ag ions vibrate in‐harmonically, producing strong coupling between low frequency optical phonons and acoustic phonons. This in conjunction with a low sound velocity of 1354 m s−1 leads to an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.20 W m−1 K−1 at 673 K. Meanwhile, the deficiency of Ga in Ag9Ga1−xTe6 compounds effectively optimizes the electronic transport properties. Ag9Ga0.91Te6 attains a highest power factor of 0.40 mW m−1 K−2 at 673 K. All these contribute to a much‐improved ZT value of 1.13 at 623 K for Ag9Ga0.95Te6, which is 41 % higher than that of the pristine Ag9GaTe6 sample.
Reactions of Frustrated Lewis Pairs with Chloro‐Diazirines: Cleavage of N=N Double Bonds
Authors: Mandal Dipendu , Chen Ting , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: July 2022

The reactions of FLPs with diazomethanes leads to the rapid loss of N2. In contrast, in this work, we reported reactions of phosphine/borane FLPs with chlorodiazirines which led to the reduction of the N=N double bond, affording linked phosphinimide/amidoborate zwitterions of the general form R3PNC(Ar)NR′BX(C6F5)2. A detailed DFT mechanistic study showed that these reactions proceed via FLP addition to the N=N bond, followed by subsequent group transfer reactions to nitrogen and capture of the halide anion.
Azulene‐Fused Acenes
Authors: Ong Albert , Tao Tao , Jiang Qing , Han Yi , Ou Yaping , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Chi Chunyan
Published: July 2022

Non‐alternant non‐benzenoid π‐conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs) are expected to exhibit very different electronic properties from the all‐benzenoid PHs. Herein, we report the synthesis and physical properties of three azulene‐fused acene molecules (1, 2 and 3), which are isoelectronic to the pentacene, hexacene and heptacene, respectively. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, NMR spectra, and theoretical calculations reveal a localised aromatic backbone comprising all the six‐ and five‐membered rings while the seven‐membered ring remains non‐aromatic. They display properties of both azulene and acenes and are much more stable than the respective acenes. The dications of 1, 2 and 3 were formed by chemical oxidation. Notably, 32+ exhibited an open‐shell diradical character (y0=30.2 %) as confirmed by variable‐temperature NMR and ESR measurements, which can be explained by recovery of aromaticity of an 2,6‐anthraquinodimethane unit annulated with two aromatic tropylium rings.
Soft pneumatic actuator from particle reinforced silicone rubber: Simulation and experiments
Authors: Lv Zhongming , Hao Wentao , Xiao Feiyun , Chen Pin , Liu Zhengshi , Wang Yong
Published: July 2022

Soft actuators are important parts of soft robotics. Particle reinforcement can effectively improve their durability, reliability and life span. However, there is a lack of such actuators. Herein, we report experiments and simulation on soft pneumatic actuators from silicone rubber embedding ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles. The experimental results indicate that the UHMWPE particles are uniformly distributed in silicone rubber matrix, leading to improved puncture resistance and hardness. Meanwhile, the obtained soft actuators show controllable bending angle and contact force via tuning the input air pressure. The simulation results by finite element method agree well with that from experiments in most cases, proving its applicability in the design and prediction of soft actuators composed from particle embedding rubbers. This work gives a good example to the research on soft actuators from particle embedding rubber composites, including the multifunctional actuators with conductive or magnetic particles.
Stretchable, conductive poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid)/triethylene glycol/NaCl double‐crosslinked organohydrogel with excellent antifreezing and sensing properties
Authors: Liu Guanfei , Guo Meiling , Xue Shishan , Yang Xi , Wang Li , Zhao Chuanxia , Xiang Dong , Li Hui , Lai Jingjuan , Li Zhenyu , Wu Yuanpeng
Published: July 2022

Recently, the wearable electronic devices have attracted extensive attention while the low stretchability and freezing‐induced performance deterioration largely limit the applications in many fields. In this work, the poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid) hydrogels are immersed in the triethylene glycol/sodium chloride/water solution to establish the dual‐crosslinked organohydrogels, which present the extraordinary stretchability (1322 ± 75%) ascribed to the energy dissipation of physical interactions and stability of chemical crosslinked networks. Triethylene glycol forms strong hydrogen bonds with water, which interfere with the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds among water molecules at low temperatures and inhibit the formation of ice crystals in the organohydrogel networks. Sodium chloride imparts excellent electrical conductivity to the organohydrogel. As a result, a stretchable electronic sensor based on the organohydrogel is fabricated, which is strain‐sensitive with a wide strain sensing window (0%–440%) and excellent stability. More importantly, the sensor based on the as‐prepared organohydrogel could precisely detect various activities of the human model at −30°C leading to the widely application prospects.
Superhydrophobic tough hierarchical porous thermal insulation composites prepared by in situ formation of silica aerogel in collagen fiber matrix
Authors: Yang Kaifeng , Zhang Zetian , Liu Yang , Li Shan , Chen Deyan , Li Zhengjun
Published: July 2022

The serious problem of energy consumption and the requirement for sustainable development has attracted people's extensive attention. The application of high‐efficiency thermal insulation materials can reduce consumption and waste in the process of energy transfer, and is the most effective way to save energy and protect the environment. Among many thermal insulation materials, silica aerogel, especially biomass fiber‐reinforced silica aerogel with good mechanical strength, shows great practical application potential. In this article, the collagen fiber‐silica aerogel composite (MCFF@SiO2) was successfully prepared by in situ sol–gel method and freeze‐drying method, innovatively using skin collagen fiber matrix with natural porous skeleton as reinforcing template. MCFF@SiO2 has good thermal stability, and has a hierarchical porous structure formed by filling nanoscale mesopores of silica aerogel in the macropores of collagen fiber matrix, thus delaying the spread of heat. Particularly, MCFF@SiO2 exhibits good thermal insulation performance, and its thermal conductivity is 0.068 W/(m K), which is lower than that of MCFF. In addition, MCFF@SiO2 shows superhydrophobicity, good mechanical properties, excellent flame retardancy, and self‐extinguishing performance. The prepared composite aerogels have potential application value in the field of thermal management, and this work is expected to provide inspiration for the preparation of biomass‐based porous functional materials.