bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross shard leader accountability protocol based on two phase atomic commit
Authors: Du Zhiqiang , Zhang Wendong , Liu Liangxin , Fu Yanfang
Published: June 2024

Sharding blockchain is a technology designed to improve the performance and scalability of traditional blockchain systems. However, due to its design, communication between shards depends on shard leaders for transmitting information, while shard members are unable to detect communication activities between shards. Consequently, Byzantine nodes can act as shard leaders, engaging in malicious behaviors to disrupt message transmission. To address these issues, we propose the Cross shard leader accountability protocol (CSLAP), which is based on the two-phase atomic commit protocol (2PC). CSLAP employs byzantine broadcast/byzantine agreement (BB/BA) for Byzantine fault tolerance to generate cross-shard leader re-election certificates, thereby reducing the impact of shard leaders on inter-shard communication. It also uses Round-robin mechanism to facilitate leader re-election. Moreover, we demonstrate that CSLAP maintains the security and liveness of sharding transactions while providing lower communication latency. Finally, we conducted an experimental comparison between CSLAP and other cross-shard protocols. The results indicate that CSLAP exhibits superior performance in reducing communication latency.
Prostate cancer diagnosis based on multi-parametric MRI, clinical and pathological factors using deep learning
Authors: Sherafatmandjoo Haniye , Safaei Ali A. , Ghaderi Foad , Allameh Farzad
Published: June 2024

Prostate cancer is one of the most common and fatal diseases among men, and its early diagnosis can have a significant impact on the treatment process and prevent mortality. Since it does not have apparent clinical symptoms in the early stages, it is difficult to diagnose. In addition, the disagreement of experts in the analysis of magnetic resonance images is also a significant challenge. In recent years, various research has shown that deep learning, especially convolutional neural networks, has appeared successfully in machine vision (especially in medical image analysis). In this research, a deep learning approach was used on multi-parameter magnetic resonance images, and the synergistic effect of clinical and pathological data on the accuracy of the model was investigated. The data were collected from Trita Hospital in Tehran, which included 343 patients (data augmentation and learning transfer methods were used during the process). In the designed model, four different types of images are analyzed with four separate ResNet50 deep convolutional networks, and their extracted features are transferred to a fully connected neural network and combined with clinical and pathological features. In the model without clinical and pathological data, the maximum accuracy reached 88%, but by adding these data, the accuracy increased to 96%, which shows the significant impact of clinical and pathological data on the accuracy of diagnosis.
Analysis of particles containing alpha emitters in stagnant water in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station’s Unit 3 reactor building
Authors: Yomogida Takumi , Ouchi Kazuki , Morii Shiori , Oka Toshitaka , Kitatsuji Yoshihiro , Koma Yoshikazu , Konno Katsuhiro
Published: June 2024

Particles containing alpha (α) nuclides were identified from sediment in stagnant water in the Unit 3 reactor building of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDiNPS). We analyzed different concentrations of α-nuclide samples collected at two sampling sites, the torus room and the main steam isolation valve (MSIV) room. The solids in the stagnant water samples were classified, and the uranium (U) and total alpha concentrations of each fraction were measured by dissolution followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and α-spectrometry. Most of the α-nuclides in the stagnant water samples from the torus and MSIV rooms were in particle fractions larger than 10 μm. We detected uranium-bearing particles ranging from sub-µm to 10 µm in size by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) observations. The chemical forms of U particles were determined in U–Zr oxides, oxidized UO2, and U3O8 with micro-Raman spectroscopy. Other short-lived α-nuclides (plutonium [Pu], americium [Am], and curium [Cm]) were detected by alpha track detection, and the particles with α-nuclides was characterized by SEM–EDX analysis. α-nuclide-containing particles with several tens to several 100 µm in size mainly comprised iron (Fe) oxyhydroxides. In addition, we detected adsorbed U onto Fe oxyhydroxide particles in the MSIV room sample, which indicated nuclear fuel dissolution and secondary U accumulation. This study clarifies the major characteristics of U and other α-nuclides in sediment in stagnant water in the FDiNPS Unit 3 reactor building, which significantly contribute to the consideration of removal methods for particles containing α-nuclides in the stagnant water.
Development of overcurrent relay based on wavelet transform for fault detection in transmission line
Authors: Ananwattanaporn Santipont , Lertwanitrot Praikanok , Ngaopitakkul Atthapol , Pothisarn Chaichan
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a protection relay using a microcontroller to detect and classify faults in transmission lines based on the wavelet transform. An experimental model was constructed from an actual 115 kV transmission system prototype. The current signal was observed based on the fault type, phase, and position. Clark’s transform and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) were applied to transform signals for analysis. Moreover, the performance of fault detection based on the output signals of Clark’s transform (alpha sequence, beta sequence, and zero sequence current) was compared to the performance of the alternative proposed fault detection method, which is based on the combining factor between alpha and beta sequence current. In addition, the influence of DWT level on fault analysis is also considered and is used to confirm the accuracy of fault detection. Results show that the proposed method is efficient for fault detection and classification. This finding allows the researcher to choose the appropriate analytical method. Moreover, it can also be used as the basis for overcurrent relay algorithm design in the effort to develop more advanced technologies.
Dawn of diverse shelled and carbonaceous animal microfossils at ~ 571 Ma
Authors: Morais Luana , Freitas Bernardo T. , Fairchild Thomas Rich , Clavijo Arcos Rolando Esteban , Guillong Marcel , Vance Derek , de Campos Marcelo Da Roz , Babinski Marly , Pereira Luiz Gustavo , Leme Juliana M. , Boggiani Paulo C. , Osés Gabriel L. , Rudnitzki Isaac D. , Galante Douglas , Rodrigues Fabio , Trindade Ricardo I. F.
Published: June 2024

The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition documents a critical stage in the diversification of animals. The global fossil record documents the appearance of cloudinomorphs and other shelled tubular organisms followed by non-biomineralized small carbonaceous fossils and by the highly diversified small shelly fossils between ~ 550 and 530 Ma. Here, we report diverse microfossils in thin sections and hand samples from the Ediacaran Bocaina Formation, Brazil, separated into five descriptive categories: elongate solid structures (ES); elongate filled structures (EF); two types of equidimensional structures (EQ 1 and 2) and elongate hollow structures with coiled ends (CE). These specimens, interpreted as diversified candidate metazoans, predate the latest Ediacaran biomineralized index macrofossils of the Cloudina-Corumbella-Namacalathus biozone in the overlying Tamengo Formation. Our new carbonate U–Pb ages for the Bocaina Formation, position this novel fossil record at 571 ± 9 Ma (weighted mean age). Thus, our data point to diversification of metazoans, including biomineralized specimens reminiscent of sections of cloudinids, protoconodonts, anabaritids, and hyolithids, in addition to organo-phosphatic surficial coverings of animals, demonstrably earlier than the record of the earliest known skeletonized metazoan fossils.
A microporous polymer based on nonconjugated hindered biphenyls that emits blue light
Authors: Church Tamara L. , Eriksson Lars , Leandri Valentina , Gardner James M. , Hedin Niklas
Published: June 2024

Microporous organic polymers that have three-dimensional connectivity stemming from monomers with tetrahedral or tetrahedron-like geometry can have high surface areas and strong fluorescence. There are however few examples of such polymers based on hindered biaryls, and their fluorescence has not been studied. Hypothesizing that the contortion in a hindered biphenyl moiety would modulate the optical properties of a polymer built from it, we synthesized a meta-enchained polyphenylene from a 2,2ʹ,6,6ʹ-tetramethylbiphenyl-based monomer, in which the two phenyl rings are nearly mutually perpendicular. The polymer was microporous with SBET = 495 m2 g−1. The polymer absorbed near-UV light and emitted blue fluorescence despite the meta-enchainment that would have been expected to break the conjugation. A related copolymer, synthesized from 2,2ʹ,6,6ʹ-tetramethylbiphenyl-based and unsubstituted biphenyl-based monomers, was microporous but not fluorescent.
Presence and significance of telocytes in cholelithiasis and biliary dilatation in benign biliary disorders
Authors: Ren Gongqing , Zhong Ruizi , Zou Gang , Du Hongling , Zhang Yue
Published: June 2024

Telocytes are closely associated with the regulation of tissue smooth muscle dynamics in digestive system disorders. They are widely distributed in the biliary system and exert their influence on biliary motility through mechanisms such as the regulation of CCK and their electrophysiological effects on smooth muscle cells. To investigate the relationship between telocytes and benign biliary diseases,such as gallbladder stone disease and biliary dilation syndrome, we conducted histopathological analysis on tissues affected by these conditions. Additionally, we performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double staining experiments for telocytes. The results indicate that the quantity of telocytes in the gallbladder and bile duct is significantly lower in pathological conditions compared to the control group. This reveals a close association between the decrease in telocyte quantity and impaired gallbladder motility and biliary fibrosis. Furthermore, further investigations have shown a correlation between telocytes in cholesterol gallstones and cholecystokinin-A receptor (CCK-AR), suggesting that elevated cholesterol levels may impair telocytes, leading to a reduction in the quantity of CCK-AR and ultimately resulting in impaired gallbladder motility.Therefore, we hypothesize that telocytes may play a crucial role in maintaining biliary homeostasis, and their deficiency may be associated with the development of benign biliary diseases, including gallstone disease and biliary dilation.
Reactive shepherding along a dynamic path
Authors: Van Havermaet Stef , Khaluf Yara , Simoens Pieter
Published: June 2024

Shepherding, the task of guiding a herd of autonomous individuals in a desired direction, is an essential skill employed in the herding of animals, crowd control, and evacuation operations. Integrating shepherding capabilities into robots holds promise to perform such tasks with increased efficiency and reduced labor costs. To date, robotic shepherds have only been designed to steer a herd towards a predetermined goal location without constraints on the trajectory. However, the tasks of a sheepdog encompass not only steering the herd but also (i) maintaining the herd within a designated area and (ii) averting dangers, obstacles, or undesirable terrain such as newly sown land. We present a decentralized control algorithm for multi-robot shepherding designed to guide a group of animals along a specified path delineated by two boundaries. The algorithm incorporates the additional objective of preserving the group within these boundaries. Simulation results reveal that, especially in sections of the path with sharp turns and a small distance between the boundaries, the group exhibits a tendency to deviate beyond the prescribed margin. Additionally, our findings emphasize the algorithm’s sensitivity to the ratio of robot-group sizes and the magnitude of the group’s velocity.
Physical features of Adam’s Bridge interpreted from ICESat-2 based high-resolution digital bathymetric elevation model
Authors: Dandabathula Giribabu , Ghosh Koushik , Hari Rohit , Sharma Jayant , Sharma Aryan , Padiyar Niyati , Poonia Anisha , Bera Apurba Kumar , Srivastav Sushil Kumar , Chauhan Prakash
Published: June 2024

Adam’s Bridge is a submerged ridge connecting India and Sri Lanka, generally regarded as a chain of shoals extending for ~ 29 km from Dhanushkodi on the Indian side to Talaimannar Island of Sri Lanka. A high-resolution digital bathymetric elevation model generated using the seafloor returned photons of ICESat-2 was used to understand the intricate details of Adam’s Bridge structure. Photons emanating from ICESat-2’s green laser have the potential to detect the seafloor up to a depth of ~ 40 m; taking a cue from this potentiality, in our research, we have accrued ~ 0.2 million photons representing the depth information and generated a 10 m resolution bathymetric data for the extent of Adam’s Bridge. Visual interpretations made from this bathymetric data through 3D perspectives with multi-directional lighting effects, and also with the derived parameters like contours, slope, and volumetric analysis, enabled us to recognize the current form of Adam’s Bridge’s physical features. The results from our research confirm that, in its entirety, Adam’s Bridge is a submarine continuation of Dhanushkodi and Talaimannar Island. Throughout the crest line of Adam’s Bridge, approximately 1.5 km on either side is highly undulating within the super-shallow water with occurrences of sudden depths. There is an asymmetry of transverse slopes to the base on both sides of Adam’s Bridge, indicating dominant transgression of material energy from the waters of the Gulf of Mannar compared to the Palk Strait. The volume of Adam’s Bridge computed in our research yielded a value of ~ 1 km3; interestingly, only 0.02 percent of this volume is above the mean sea level, and in general, the same is visible in optical satellite imagery—in total ~ 99.98 percent of the Adam’s Bridge is submerged in shallow and super-shallow waters.
Humans flexibly use visual priors to optimize their haptic exploratory behavior
Authors: Jeschke Michaela , Zoeller Aaron C. , Drewing Knut
Published: June 2024

Humans can use prior information to optimize their haptic exploratory behavior. Here, we investigated the usage of visual priors, which mechanisms enable their usage, and how the usage is affected by information quality. Participants explored different grating textures and discriminated their spatial frequency. Visual priors on texture orientation were given each trial, with qualities randomly varying from high to no informational value. Adjustments of initial exploratory movement direction orthogonal to the textures’ orientation served as an indicator of prior usage. Participants indeed used visual priors; the more so the higher the priors’ quality (Experiment 1). Higher task demands did not increase the direct usage of visual priors (Experiment 2), but possibly fostered the establishment of adjustment behavior. In Experiment 3, we decreased the proportion of high-quality priors presented during the session, hereby reducing the contingency between high-quality priors and haptic information. In consequence, even priors of high quality ceased to evoke movement adjustments. We conclude that the establishment of adjustment behavior results from a rather implicit contingency learning. Overall, it became evident that humans can autonomously learn to use rather abstract visual priors to optimize haptic exploration, with the learning process and direct usage substantially depending on the priors’ quality.
A study of the evolutionary game of carbon offset involving tourism stakeholders under incentive and constraint mechanisms
Authors: Li Qianna , Xiong Changjiang , Yao Juan
Published: June 2024

Tourism carbon offsetting is a crucial pathway to achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality in the tourism industry. Accurately grasping the collaborative evolutionary mechanisms among local governments, tourism enterprises, and tourists is key to promoting the implementation of tourism carbon offsetting. By constructing an evolutionary game model involving local governments, tourism enterprises, and tourists in carbon offsetting, this study uses MATLAB to simulate the evolutionary stable strategies under various conditions. Additionally, it dynamically simulates the collaborative strategies of the three parties under the influence of local government incentive and constraint mechanisms. The results indicate that under strong governmental constraint mechanisms, there is a promotion of active participation in carbon offsetting by local governments, tourism enterprises, and tourists. Incentive policies at certain levels also play a positive guiding role. As incentives increase, local subsidies and intervention costs also rise, leading to an evolution towards less enthusiastic participation among the three parties. Appropriately balanced government incentives and penalties are beneficial in achieving an equilibrium of benefits among multiple stakeholders involved in carbon offsetting, thus helping to attain carbon neutrality goals.
Mineral accumulation, relative water content and gas exchange are the main physiological regulating mechanisms to cope with salt stress in barley
Authors: Boussora Faiza , Triki Tebra , Bennani Leila , Bagues Mohamed , Ben Ali Sihem , Ferchichi Ali , Ngaz Kamel , Guasmi Ferdaous
Published: June 2024

Salinity has become a major environmental concern for agricultural lands, leading to decreased crop yields. Hence, plant biology experts aim to genetically improve barley’s adaptation to salinity stress by deeply studying the effects of salt stress and the responses of barley to this stress. In this context, our study aims to explore the variation in physiological and biochemical responses of five Tunisian spring barley genotypes to salt stress during the heading phase. Two salinity treatments were induced by using 100 mM NaCl (T1) and 250 mM NaCl (T2) in the irrigation water. Significant phenotypic variations were detected among the genotypes in response to salt stress. Plants exposed to 250 mM of NaCl showed an important decline in all studied physiological parameters namely, gas exchange, ions concentration and relative water content RWC. The observed decreases in concentrations ranged from, approximately, 6.64% to 40.76% for K+, 5.91% to 43.67% for Na+, 14.12% to 52.38% for Ca2+, and 15.22% to 38.48% for Mg2+ across the different genotypes and salt stress levels. However, under salinity conditions, proline and soluble sugars increased for all genotypes with an average increase of 1.6 times in proline concentrations and 1.4 times in soluble sugars concentration. Furthermore, MDA levels rose also for all genotypes, with the biggest rise in Lemsi genotype (114.27% of increase compared to control). Ardhaoui and Rihane showed higher photosynthetic activity compared to the other genotypes across all treatments. The stepwise regression approach identified potassium content, K+/Na+ ratio, relative water content, stomatal conductance and SPAD measurement as predominant traits for thousand kernel weight (R2 = 84.06), suggesting their significant role in alleviating salt stress in barley. Overall, at heading stage, salt accumulation in irrigated soils with saline water significantly influences the growth of barley by influencing gas exchange parameters, mineral composition and water content, in a genotype-dependent manner. These results will serve on elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these variations to facilitate targeted improvements in barley's tolerance to salt stress.
A novel role for the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase Cyclophilin A in DNA-repair following replication fork stalling via the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex
Authors: Bedir Marisa , Outwin Emily , Colnaghi Rita , Bassett Lydia , Abramowicz Iga , O’Driscoll Mark
Published: June 2024

Cyclosporin A (CsA) induces DNA double-strand breaks in LIG4 syndrome fibroblasts, specifically upon transit through S-phase. The basis underlying this has not been described. CsA-induced genomic instability may reflect a direct role of Cyclophilin A (CYPA) in DNA repair. CYPA is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI). CsA inhibits the PPI activity of CYPA. Using an integrated approach involving CRISPR/Cas9-engineering, siRNA, BioID, co-immunoprecipitation, pathway-specific DNA repair investigations as well as protein expression interaction analysis, we describe novel impacts of CYPA loss and inhibition on DNA repair. We characterise a direct CYPA interaction with the NBS1 component of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex, providing evidence that CYPA influences DNA repair at the level of DNA end resection. We define a set of genetic vulnerabilities associated with CYPA loss and inhibition, identifying DNA replication fork protection as an important determinant of viability. We explore examples of how CYPA inhibition may be exploited to selectively kill cancers sharing characteristic genomic instability profiles, including MYCN-driven Neuroblastoma, Multiple Myeloma and Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia. These findings propose a repurposing strategy for Cyclophilin inhibitors.
Industry Waste-based Feedstocks
Authors: Gonçalves M. A. , Santos H. C. L. , Mares E. K. L. , Conceição L. R. V.
Published: June 2024

Environmental pollution and global warming caused by the emission of toxic gases into the atmosphere, together with the depletion of fossil fuels, have boosted the search for alternative and renewable fuels. In that regard, biodiesel, defined as monoalkyl esters of fatty acids, is considered a green fuel and a potential candidate to cope with the increased global energy demand. However, with the increase in the cost of the biodiesel production process, different types of feedstocks (known as second-generation feedstocks) for biodiesel production have been studied as promising alternatives to replace the first generation of biodiesel feedstocks. This chapter identifies different elements of industry waste feedstocks, such as animal fats, vegetable oils, and soapstocks, that have potential as suitable, sustainable, and affordable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. Further, the economic aspects, limitations, and environmental impact related to the utilization of these industrial wastes as feedstocks for biodiesel production and their economic impact on process feasibility are discussed.
Overview and Testing of Fuel Properties of Biodiesel
Authors: Suresh J. , Ramlee N. N. , Toemen S. , Azelee N. I. Wan
Published: June 2024

Over the past few decades, substantial computational and scientific research has been performed to develop innovative, sustainable, and substitute fuels as a result of increasing environmental pollution from diesel engines and the limitations of traditional fossil fuels. Owing to its renewable nature, non-toxicity, and environmental friendliness, biodiesel has been identified as a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines. Biodiesel has excellent characteristics compared with normal diesel fuels. The performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of biodiesel are significantly affected by its physical and chemical properties, including kinematic viscosity, oxidation stability, cetane number, sulfur content, pour point, cloud point, flash point, density, and calorific value, all of which need to be assessed. The physical and chemical characteristics of biodiesel are different from those of petroleum-based diesel fuel, and the quality of the fuel is mostly influenced by the amount of fatty acids present and the chemical composition of the feedstocks. Consequently, generated biodiesel must adhere to international standards and requirements in order to be marketed and applied as a fuel in automobile engines.
CuO nanoparticles elicit intestinal immunotoxicity in zebrafish based on intestinal microbiota dysbiosis
Authors: Xu Bufan , Zhang Luyao , Wu Di , Qi Zihe , Cao Juanjuan , Li Wenrui , Fan Lihua , Shi Yiheng , Wu Yongning , Li Guoliang
Published: June 2024

Copper II oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), a kind of widely used nanomaterial, have been detected in food and the environment, which has aroused widespread public concern.
Effect of NaOH-treated sawdust incorporated in geopolymer matrix on compressive strength and adsorption property
Authors: Ngnie Gaëlle , Ambela Atangana Rock , Tomou-Mbahim Grace Ingrid , Sambang Lionel Magellan , Dedzo Gustave Kenne , Tchakoute Hervé Kouamo , Rüscher Claus Henning , Ngameni Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Favorable interactions between alkaline treated sawdust and metakaolin/sodium waterglass geopolymer matrix, with substantial improvement of compressive strength and cations adsorption.
Enhancement of interlayer exchange coupling via intercalation in 2D magnetic bilayers: towards high Curie temperature
Authors: Mishra Suman , Park In Kee , Javaid Saqib , Shin Seung Hwan , Lee Geunsik
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional magnetic materials are considered as promising candidates for developing next-generation spintronic devices, but their Tc is very low. Intercalation is proposed for room temperature 2D magnets,
Colossal anomalous Hall effect in the layered antiferromagnetic EuAl2Si2 compound
Authors: Chen Jie , Yang Xiuxian , Zhou Feng , Lau Yong-Chang , Feng Wanxiang , Yao Yugui , Li Yue , Jiang Yong , Wang Wenhong
Published: June 2024

The anomalous AHE induced by the skew scattering mechanism can obtain a large AHC but a small AHA in the clean regime. Here, we observed a colossal AHC (≥ 104 Ω−1 cm−1) and large AHA (> 10%) at the same time in EuAl2Si2.
Discovery of Rb-based auric–aurous halide perovskites as promising narrow bandgap semiconductors for energy conversion applications
Authors: Yu Xuteng , Liu Chang , Fu Xifeng , Nan Zi-Ang , Li Yuheng , Zhang Zilong , Xiong Qiu , Zhang Yingyao , Meng Lingyi , Lien Shui-yang , Gao Peng
Published: June 2024

Inorganic gold halide perovskites, owing to their excellent stability and tunable bandgaps, are poised to serve as environmentally benign alternatives to lead halide perovskites in the field of energy conversion applications.
High-efficiency tunable self-trapped exciton emission in one-dimensional β-Cs3Cu2Br5via Ag alloying for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Xu Xin , Wang Zhongyi , Kong Qingkun , Liu Siping , Zhang Ruiling , Liu Xiaojing , Han Keli
Published: June 2024

Metastable 1D β-Cs3Cu2Br5 synthesized by rapid cooling could be stabilized by Ag+. Ag-alloyed samples exhibit tunable emission from blue-greenish to yellow, which is attributed to different degrees of lattice distortion regulated by Ag+.
Sustainable food packaging using modified SiO2 nanofillers in biodegradable polymers
Authors: Koreshkov Mikhail , Antreich Sebastian J. , Bismarck Alexander , Fritz Ines , Reimhult Erik , Takatsuna Yuuki , Zirbs Ronald
Published: June 2024

The need to switch to bio-based, biodegradable and/or fully recyclable polymers is becoming increasingly clear, especially in the area of food packaging, which is a major contributor to plastic pollution.
Charge-recombinative triplet sensitization of alkenes for DeMayo-type [2 + 2] cycloaddition
Authors: Lee Yunjeong , Jhun Byung Hak , Woo Sihyun , Kim Seoyeon , Bae Jaehan , You Youngmin , Cho Eun Jin
Published: June 2024

This work revealed the occurrence of charge-recombinative triplet sensitization in DeMayo-type [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by indole-fused organophotocatalysts.
Revealing the nature of covalently tethered distonic radical anions in the generation of heteroatom-centered radicals: evidence for the polarity-matching PCET pathway
Authors: Fu Kang , Yang Xihui , Yu Zhiyou , Song Lijuan , Shi Lei
Published: June 2024

The philicity-regulation and PCET mechanism of tether-tunable distonic radical anion-mediated generation of heteroatom-centered radicals has been explored via experimental and theoretical investigations.
Strategies to boost the electrochemical performance of bismuth anodes for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Xunzhu , Chen Xiaomin , Kuang Wenxi , Zhang Xiaosa , Wu Xingqiao , Chen Xiang , Zhang Chaofeng , Li Lin , Chou Shu-Lei
Published: June 2024

In recent years, Bi anode materials with high theoretical capacity and suitable potential have received extensive attention in PIBs. Herein, we summarize the effective strategies to boost the potassium storage performance of Bi anode materials.
Unlocking sustainable power: advances in aqueous processing and water-soluble binders for NMC cathodes in high-voltage Li-ion batteries
Authors: Rolandi Ana Clara , de Meatza Iratxe , Casado Nerea , Forsyth Maria , Mecerreyes David , Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina
Published: June 2024

This review addresses the aqueous processing of high-nickel NMC materials and its challenges, including pH elevation and lithium leaching. Tailored binder selection is crucial, offering a strategic pathway for sustainable battery manufacturing.
Enhanced electrochemical dissolution of iridium oxide in acidic electrolytes through presence of metal ions: shortened lifetime and hope for recovery
Authors: Sharma Raghunandan , Morgen Per , Makovec Darko , Gyergyek Saso , Andersen Shuang Ma
Published: June 2024

Cyclic deposition and stripping of metal ions (e.g. Cu2+) on Ir-oxides enhance electrochemical dissolution of Ir-oxides, likely due to weakening of the Ir–O–Ir bonds. The phenomenon is influential to IrOx catalyst stability and recovery perspective.
Copper- and manganese-based layered hybrid organic–inorganic compounds with polymorphic transitions as energy storage materials
Authors: Salgado-Pizarro R. , Puigjaner C. , García J. , Fernández A. I. , Barreneche C.
Published: June 2024

The bis(dodecylammonium) tetrachlorocuprate(ii) and bis(dodecylammonium) tetrachloromanganate(ii) show promise for passively cooling electronics due to their excellent thermal properties, including low thermal hysteresis and good stability.
Dual design of electrodes and electrolytes ensures flexible symmetric micro-supercapacitors with high energy density
Authors: Cao Zhiqian , Tao Jingzhi , Wu Yudong
Published: June 2024

Benefiting from the dual design of electrodes and electrolytes, a flexible symmetric micro-supercapacitor device has been assembled to achieve a high areal energy density.
Theoretical probing of monolayer BiI3 as an electrolyte separator and 3d-TM-doped BiI3 as electrocatalysts toward high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wu Wentao , Zou Kaixin , Wang Li , Li Boyan , Yang Wen , Gao Chunlai , Lu Feng , Wang Weichao , Wang Wei-Hua
Published: June 2024

2D Multifunctional BiI3 has been proposed to serve as an electrolyte separator to block soluble LiPS diffusion with ultrafast Li+ transport channels and as a promising electrocatalyst for improving LiPS conversion by 3d transition metal atom doping.
Size effect of nickel from nanoparticles to clusters to single atoms for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Pan Qin , Chen Yang , Li Hui , Ma Guanghuan , Jiang Shuoshuo , Cui Xin , Zhang Lei , Bao Yuxin , Ma Tianyi
Published: June 2024

The size effect of Ni–N–C catalysts from nanoparticles to clusters to single atoms on electrochemical CO2 reduction is investigated. The Ni single atoms are active for CO formation, while Ni NPs and Ni clusters enable syngas production.
Constructing sodiophilic interconnected ion-transport channels towards a stable Na-metal anode
Authors: Ding Yi , Guo Min , Zhang Yawei , Lu Song , Ying Jiadi , Wang Yeqing , Liu Tiancun , Yu Zhixin
Published: June 2024

Tuning the electrochemical behaviors of Na metal anodes via building Na+-conducting channels through a facile rolling and folding method.
Dapansutrile OLT1177 suppresses foreign body response inflammation while preserving vascularisation of implanted materials
Authors: Chan Alex H. P. , Xu Xueying S. , Chin Ian L. , Grant Angus J. , Lau Kieran , Hu Yunfei , Michael Praveesuda L. , Lam Yuen Ting , Wise Steven G. , Tan Richard P.
Published: June 2024

Selective immune suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome by Dapansutrile (OLT1177) decreases fibrotic capsule formation and increases angiogenesis in a mouse subcutaneous implantation model of the foreign body response.
Synthesis of air-stable 1T-CrS2 thin films and their application in high-performance floating-gate memory
Authors: Yao Yu , Wang Bicheng , Li Yixiang , Hong Wenting , He Xu , Fu Zhipeng , Cai Qian , Liu Wei
Published: June 2024

A high-quality layered 1T-CrS2 floating-gate memory was fabricated, which exhibits a high switching ratio (∼107), a large window ratio (79%), excellent optical and electrical storage capabilities, and potential integratable for CMOS circuits.
Switching between upconversion luminescence imaging and therapy in vitro enabled by NIR excitation modulation of nanocomposites
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Hong Yale , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Guan Yue , Zhou Junxun , Wang Haifang , Sun Lining
Published: June 2024

We synthesized a theranostics-integrated nanocomposite capable of switching between upconversion luminescence imaging and photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy/NO gas therapy by changing the wavelength of near-infrared light irradiation.
Benzylphosphonic acid treated ultra-thin ALD-InOx for long term device stability
Authors: Lee Ju-Hun , Moon Jaehyun , Kim Kitae , Yi Yeonjin , Park Soohyung , Yang Jong-Heon , Hwang Chi-Sun , Kang Seung-Youl
Published: June 2024

This paper demonstrates the long-term stability of Vth in ultra-thin In2O3 TFTs fabricated by ALD and modified with BPA SAMs. This creates a hydrophobic surface with low surface energy, enhancing stability and preventing O2 and H2O adsorption.
Analysis of anomalous behaviour in network systems using deep reinforcement learning with convolutional neural network architecture
Authors: Modirrousta Mohammad Hossein , Forghani Arani Parisa , Kazemi Reza , Aliyari‐Shoorehdeli Mahdi
Published: June 2024

To gain access to networks, various intrusion attack types have been developed and enhanced. The increasing importance of computer networks in daily life is a result of our growing dependence on them. Given this, it is glaringly obvious that algorithmic tools with strong detection performance and dependability are required for a variety of attack types. The objective is to develop a system for intrusion detection based on deep reinforcement learning. On the basis of the Markov decision procedure, the developed system can construct patterns appropriate for classification purposes based on extensive amounts of informative records. Deep Q‐Learning (DQL), Soft DQL, Double DQL, and Soft double DQL are examined from two perspectives. An evaluation of the authors’ methods using UNSW‐NB15 data demonstrates their superiority regarding accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The validity of the model trained on the UNSW‐NB15 dataset was also checked using the BoT‐IoT and ToN‐IoT datasets, yielding competitive results.
A peer‐to‐peer joint energy and reserve market considering renewable generation uncertainty: A generalized Nash equilibrium approach
Authors: Chen Xiupeng , Wang Lu , Jiang Yuning , Wang Jianxiao
Published: June 2024

Peer‐to‐peer energy trading enhances distribution network resilience by reducing energy demand from central power plants and enabling distributed energy resources to support critical loads after extreme events. However, adequate reserves from main grids are still required to ensure real‐time energy balance in distribution networks due to the uncertainty in renewable generation. This paper introduces a novel two‐stage joint energy and reserve market for prosumers, wherein local flexible resources are fully utilized to manage renewable generation uncertainty. In contrast to cooperative optimization methods, the interactions between prosumers are modelled as a generalized Nash game, considering that prosumers are self‐interested and should follow distribution network constraints. Then, linear decision rules are employed to ensure a feasible market equilibrium and develop a privacy‐preserving algorithm to guide prosumers the market equilibrium with a proven convergence. Finally, the numerical study on a modified IEEE 33‐power system demonstrates that the designed market effectively manages renewable generation uncertainty, and that the algorithm converges to the market equilibrium.
Service capability evaluation of electric vehicle charging and battery swapping stations: A game theory‐based combination weighting method
Authors: Wu Chuanshen , Shi Qianyun , Gao Shan , Wang Yan
Published: June 2024

The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) has made the construction and service capability evaluation of EV charging and battery swapping stations (CBSSs) more important. A comprehensive evaluation indicator system for the service capability evaluation of EV‐CBSSs is established, meticulously outlining the critical aspects of operational efficiency, economy, convenience, and reliability, each with multiple indicators for thorough assessment. To address the shortcomings of individual evaluation methods in evaluating the service capability of EV‐CBSSs, the game theory‐based combination weighting (GTCW) method is adopted, which integrates the advantages of the analytic hierarchy process method, entropy weight method, and grey relation analysis method. Specifically, the weights for each indicator are obtained separately using these three evaluation methods, and then combined using the GTCW method to calculate the final weights. In case studies, the service capability for each EV‐CBSS is calculated and compared between these three individual methods and the proposed GTCW method. Simulation results validate that the proposed evaluation indicator system and GTCW method can offer a more comprehensive evaluation of the service capability for EV‐CBSSs, providing guiding suggestions for future construction plans.
Effect of TiO2 on electrical conductivity, viscosity, and melt structure of electroslag remelting slag
Authors: Ju Jian-Tao , He Kun , Guo Wen-Ke , He Xiao-Mei , Zhou Yuan
Published: June 2024

Electrical conductivity and viscosity of electroslag being crucial parameters. Using a high-temperature physical property measuring instrument, the effects of different TiO2 concentration and temperatures on electroslag conductivity and viscosity were investigated. With an increase from 1733 K to 1823 K resulting in elevated electrical conductivity (1.04 to 1.89 S · cm−1) and reduced viscosity (0.14 to 0.09 Pa · s). This is because the higher the temperature is, the more the polymer in the slag is depolymerized. Similarly, as TiO2 content increased from 7% to 16%, the electrical conductivity increased (0.24 to 1.14 S · cm−1), and the viscosity decreased (0.33 to 0.11 Pa · s). TiO2 simplified the structure of the melt, and based on the infrared and Raman spectral analysis, it can be seen that Ti4+ replaced Al3+ in the [AlO4]5− structure to form the Ti2O64−structural unit, which depolymerized the structure of the slag system, leading to the reduction of Q4 units and thus greatly reducing the electrical conductivity. The relationship between electrical conductivity, viscosity, and structure was quantified, demonstrating a clear inverse correlation between electrical conductivity and viscosity. The relationships offer insights into predicting electrical conductivity and viscosity based on slag structure.
Verbes transdisciplinaires polysémiques dans des textes scolaires d’histoire et de sciences : étude des connaissances lexicales d’élèves de 9 à 11 ans
Authors: Roubaud Marie-Noëlle , Gala Núria , Javourey-Drevet Ludivine
Published: June 2024

Les connaissances sur le lexique jouent un rôle fondamental dans les apprentissages scolaires. Certains verbes a priori connus par les élèves sont polysémiques. Cependant l’élève n’est pas conscient des sens de spécialité même s’il les a déjà rencontrés dans des textes scolaires en histoire et en sciences. Ainsi, dans cette proposition, nous présentons les résultats d’une étude menée dans dix écoles auprès de 219 élèves de cycle 3 (9 à 11 ans). Notre objectif est de dresser un bilan des connaissances lexicales liées à la polysémie de quelques verbes transdisciplinaires auprès d’élèves sur le point de quitter l’école primaire et d’entrer au collège. Après avoir présenté quelques résultats quantitatifs, nous examinons les exemples donnés dans les questionnaires afin de constater quels sens les élèves mobilisent pour les verbes retenus et quels usages ils en ont.
« Au home, ils tricotent souvent des écharpes ». Impact de la forme masculine « ils » à valeur indéterminée sur la représentation mentale du genre
Authors: Fellay Apolline , Schwab Sandra , Zufferey Sandrine
Published: June 2024

Nous avons étudié l’impact, en français, de l’information de genre véhiculée par la forme grammaticale masculine du pronom « ils » à valeur indéterminée sur les représentations mentales du genre durant la lecture, en le comparant au pronom « on » non marqué en genre. Cet usage revêt un intérêt particulier car seule l’interprétation générique est possible et l’agent, à inférer du contexte ou postiche, est sous-spécifié. Nous avons ainsi mesuré si un effet « mismatch » (i.e. temps de réponse ralenti et taux de réponses correctes moins élevé) pouvait être remarqué lorsqu’une information de genre contredisait l’information de genre véhiculée par le pronom « ils ». Nous avons utilisé deux tâches de jugement. Dans la première tâche, les participant·es devaient évaluer le plus rapidement possible si la phrase qui leur était présentée était correcte ou non : la phrase en question présentait soit le pronom marqué en genre « ils » à valeur indéterminée, soit le pronom indéfini « on » non marqué en genre dans un contexte stéréotypé féminin ou masculin (p. ex. tricoter dans un home, jouer du football en Argentine). Dans la deuxième tâche, nous avons utilisé un paradigme d’évaluation de phrases dans lequel les participant·es devaient évaluer le plus rapidement possible si la seconde phrase était une continuation possible de la première : la première phrase présentait soit le pronom « ils » ou le pronom « on » dans un contexte neutre, tandis que la deuxième phrase introduisait une information de genre explicite au moyen d’un prénom genré ou d’un terme de parenté marqué en genre (p. ex. Sarah / oncle) à propos d’un·e membre de l’ensemble évoqué par les pronoms « ils » ou « on ». Dans nos deux tâches, les données concernant le taux de réponses correctes ont révélé que le pronom « ils » à valeur indéterminée a généré un biais masculin lié à sa morphologie dans les représentations mentales (i.e. taux de réponses correctes moins élevé lorsque le pronom « ils » était inséré dans un contexte véhiculant une information de genre stéréotypée « féminin »). Aucun effet n’a toutefois pu être repéré au niveau du temps de réponse.
La résilience du ne en français contemporain : étude d’un marqueur stylistique à Paris, Montréal et Marseille
Authors: Flesch Marie , Abbou Julie , Tremblay Mireille , Burnett Heather
Published: June 2024

Cet article présente une nouvelle contribution à l’abondante littérature sur l’analyse de l’utilisation et de la particule négative ne en français contemporain (Je ne l’aime pas vs Je l’aime pas). Il présente une étude du corpus CaFé (Cartographie linguistique des féminismes), composé de 102 entretiens sociolinguistiques semi-dirigés réalisés à Montréal, Paris et Marseille en 2021 et 2022 avec des militant.es féministes et queer (2 millions de mots). Il met en lien la variabilité dans la réalisation du ne avec un facteur linguistique (type de sujet) et plusieurs facteurs discursifs (forme d’adresse, thèmes abordés, personnes connues/non connues de la chercheuse) et sociodémographiques (âge, éducation, engagement, ville). L’analyse de 25 560 négations montre que le type de sujet, l’âge, les thèmes abordés et la relation entre la chercheuse et les personnes enregistrées ont un effet significatif sur la réalisation du ne, comme l’ont montré de nombreuses études. L’originalité de notre étude tient au fait que le corpus CaFé permet une comparaison directe entre les trois villes. Cela révèle qu’il y a une variation dialectale très limitée et que les taux d’emploi du ne sont très semblables dans les trois souscorpus: 11.22 % à Paris, 10.75 % à Marseille et 8.87 % à Montréal. La variation dialectale est limitée à un contexte morphosyntaxique précis: les sujets lexicaux non redoublés par un pronom. Notre étude souligne l’importance de construire des corpus comparables pour étudier la variation sociale et dialectale.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum Across Salivary pH: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ananda Nissia , Julia Vera , Bachtiar Endang Winiati
Published: June 2024

Objectives This study aims to investigate Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938's antibiofilm effects on Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum, common causes of alveolar osteitis. It seeks topical alternatives to prevent this condition posttooth extraction. The secondary objective is to assess these effects under different pH conditions (pH 4.5 and pH 7), mimicking oral cavity saliva pH dynamics.

Materials and Methods Ethical approval was secured for the saliva collection process involving five healthy adult participants who had undergone wisdom tooth extraction. Saliva samples were diligently collected on the 7th day post-surgery. The unstimulated saliva underwent a series of treatments, including the addition of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), pH adjustments, centrifugation, and filtration. The pH levels were re-measured, and subsequent adjustments were made to achieve pH values of 4.5 or 7. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, with a concentration of 1×108 colony-forming units (CFU) per 5 drops, was utilized in the study. Biofilm testing involved incubating saliva samples with varying pH (4.5 or 7) alongside bacterial suspensions (Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, or a mixed species). The Interlac suspension was introduced, and plates were anaerobically incubated for 24 hours. Biofilm results were obtained using a spectrometer. The test is conducted in triplicate.

Statistical Analysis To scrutinize the impact of pH on biofilm development, the acquired data underwent a two-way ANOVA test in SPSS as part of the statistical analysis. A significance level of p<0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.

Results Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 significantly reduced biofilm formation across bacterial strains (p = 0.000). Statistical analysis indicated a significant impact of pH on biofilm development (p = 0.000) compared to no saliva samples, with higher formation observed under acidic conditions (pH 4.5). However, the pH levels of 4.5 and 7 did not result in significantly different bacterial biofilm formation (p = 0.529).

Conclusion This research highlights Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938's potency in inhibiting biofilm formation of Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Salivary pH variations significantly influence biofilm development, emphasizing the need to consider pH when assessing probiotic effectiveness. Despite limitations in saliva sample sterilization, this study provides valuable insights into alternative approaches for preventing alveolar osteitis. Further research should explore clinical applications and refine sterilization methods for more accurate results.