bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Refugees and Contemporary Bulgarian Cinema – Representational Problems and Models
Authors: Martonova Andronika
Published: June 2021

The onset of the migrant crisis has caused the appearance of new works in the European cinema but Bulgaria has been lagging behind with the articulation of the ‘refugee’ theme. The figure of the foreigner does exist on our contemporary movie screen but the emphasis usually falls on the rethinking of the traumatic totalitarian past. There are, however, directors who are developing the socially engaged cinema and searching for different approaches to the study of the Other/the Alien. Unavoidably, these cinematic works tie in xenophobia, the hardened monocultural mentality, the widespread national disillusionment with the perpetual transition and the feeding of marginalization within the EU. The first short documentaries appeared in 2006 thanks to the initiative of The Red House Centre for Culture and Debate which no longer exists in Sofia. The so-called Invisible Minorities package comprises five titles. The authors of these films do not belong to the professional cinema community but they have managed to provoke a discussion. Recently several mature and young directors summoned the courage to discuss the image of the refugee, sending various messages to the audience (local and international). With the aid of the film studies toolbox – but within the contexts of the socio-cultural environment I have analyzed the documentaries Long Live Bulgaria (2017, by Adela Peeva) and The Good Postman (2016, by Tonislav Hristov); the shorts - Trials (2017, by Boya Harizanova) and Dobry (2017, by Orlin Milchev); and the feature film Fear (2020, by Ivaylo Hristov).
Turist Rehberliği Mevzuatının Tarihsel Değişimi
Authors: ÇOKİŞLER Nazım
Published: June 2021

Turist rehberliği mevzuatı; rehberlerin eğitimi, seçimi, çalışma esasları ve denetlenmesini düzenlemektedir. Türkiye’de turist rehberliği alanına özgü ilk iki düzenlemenin tarihi 1890 ve 1925 gibi erken tarihlere dek uzanmaktadır. Buna rağmen ilgili mevzuatın asıl gelişimi, Turizm ve Tanıtma Bakanlığının kuruluşunun ardından turist rehberi yetiştirme görevini üstlenmesi ve turist rehberliği kursları ve mesleği hakkında farklı tarihlerde çok sayıda düzenleme çıkarması sayesinde olmuştur. Sadece rehberlik kurslarının değil, aynı zamanda üniversite düzeyinde verilen turist rehberliği eğitiminin de yasal zeminini oluşturmasına rağmen, ilgili mevzuat şimdiye kadar bir araştırmaya konu edilmemiştir. Araştırmada 13 Kasım 2020 tarihine itibariyle yayımlanmış 31303 adet Resmi Gazete taranarak en eskisi 1971, en yenisi 2019 tarihli 1 kanun ve 27 yönetmeliğe ulaşılmış, mevzuatı oluşturan bu metinlerin tarihsel süreç içinde nasıl değiştiği sorusuna içerik analizi yöntemi ile cevap aranmıştır. Analiz sonucunda üç ana kategori altında toplanabilen on üç ara kategoriye ulaşılmış ve mevzuatın değişimi bu temalar üzerinden açıklanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları 48 yıllık süreçteki değişimin, kursların idaresi hakkındaki küçük ve organizasyonel değişikliklerden ibaret olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuç 1971 tarihli ilk yönetmeliğin ortaya koyduğu esasların önemli bir değişikliğe uğramadan günümüzde de kullanılmaya devam ettiğini göstermektedir.
Yöresel Mutfakların Gastronomi Turizmindeki Önemi: Kastamonu Mutfağı Örneği
Authors: ÇAM Oğuz , ÇILGINOĞLU Hakkı
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın problemi; yöresel mutfakların insanlar arasında yeterince tanınmaması, öneminin bilinmemesidir. Bu konuyla ilgili daha çok teorik ve pratik çalışmaların sağlanması gerektiğinin altı ısrarla çizilmektedir. Özellikle teorik çalışmaların da pratik çalışmalarla birlikte zenginleştirilmesi ve desteklenmesi önemli olarak görülmektedir.

Yöresel mutfakların bilinirliğinin artması ve yöresel mutfakların gastronomi turizmindeki öneminin vurgulanması amacıyla bu çalışma başlatılmaktadır. Çalışmanın diğer amaçları ise; Kastamonu destinasyonunun; bilinirliğini artırmak, yöresel lezzetlerine dikkat çekmek, gastronomi turizmi gelirlerinden yüksek bir pay elde edebilmesini sağlamak, şehir imajı ve kimliğine gastronomi açısından olumlu katkılar sağlamaktır.

Gastronomi turizminde apayrı bir önem ifade eden yöresel mutfaklar, bir şehrin turizm imajına etki etmektedir. Yöresel mutfakların ulusal ve uluslararası platformlarda etkili ve verimli bir şekilde tanıtılmasıyla gastronomi destinasyonlarının gastronomi turizmi gelirlerinin ve gastro turist sayılarının artacağı tahmin edilmektedir.

Sonuç olarak; Kastamonu yöresel mutfağı gastronomi turizmi açısından tartışmasız büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu şehre özgü yöresel lezzetler, çeşitli çalışmalar, etkinlikler, festivaller ve aktiviteler sayesinde insanlara aktarılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Kastamonu yöresel mutfağı, şehrin tarihi, kültürel ve turistik değerlerinden, yaşayış biçiminden çeşitli izler taşımaktadır. Bu izler de turistlerin Kastamonu’ya gastronomi amaçlı seyahat etmesinde etkili olmaktadır.
İpek Yolu’nda İnanç Turizminin Geliştirilmesi: Özbekistan Örneği
Authors: AVCI Muharrem , NORBAEV Sherzod
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; küresel ilk tarihi ticaret yolu olan İpek Yolu’nun,21.Yüzyılda uluslararası turizmin yeni destinasyonu olarak ele alınması düşüncesinin UNWTO tarafından 1994’te turizme açılma projeleri çerçevesinde Özbekistan’da ki durumunun değerlendirilmesi ve bu ülkede ki alternatif turizm kapsamında İnanç turizmi potansiyelinin incelenmesidir.

Çalışma; Türkiye’den Özbekistan’a, Özbekistan’dan Türkiye’ye İpek yolunda inanç turizmi hareketliliğinin geliştirilebilmesi hususunu kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 20 kişi Özbekistan’ı ziyaret etmiş, 20 kişi Özbekistan’ı hiç görmemiş ve 20 kişi de Özbekistan’da yaşayan bireylere yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları dağıtılmış ancak üç gruptan 10’ar adet olmak üzere ,toplam 30 form uygulanabilmiştir.

Bulgular ve sonuca gelince; Orta Asya’dan geçen, Avrupa ve Asya arasında ticari bir köprü olan İpek Yolu; Çin’den başlayıp, Türkiye ve Akdeniz aracılığı ile Avrupa’ya kadar uzanan tarihi ve dünyaca ünlü bir ticaret yoludur. İpek Yolu, UNESCO tarafından 22 Haziran 2014 tarihinde kabul edilen bir Dünya Mirasıdır. Büyük İpek Yolu’nun neredeyse 20.000 kilometresi, Türklerin yerleşmiş olduğu bölgeyi kapsamaktadır. Uluslararası ticaretin ana damarı sayılan İpek Yolu’nun önemli bir hattı; Bizans ile Çin’i bir araya getiren büyük ticaret yolu, en canlı dönemlerinde Türklerin gözetiminde bulunmuştur.

Orta Asya coğrafyasının kalbi olan Özbekistan, tarihi Büyük İpek Yolu güzergâhında bulunmaktadır. Özbekistan, egemenliğini kazanmasından sonra turizm sektörünün geliştirilmesi açısından ciddi bir gayret sarf etmektedir. Türk ve İslam mimarisinin en nadir eserlerine ev sahipliği yapan Özbekistan, son yıllarda inanç turizminin de yeni merkezlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Özbekistan, dünyadaki en fazla tarihi esere sahip olan ilk on ülke arasındadır.

Özbekistan’da tarihin izlerinin görülebileceği 4000 fazla eser bulunmaktadır. Doğal ve kültürel turistik varlıkların zenginliği açısından turizmin gelişimi için en uygun bölgedir. Ancak turizmde her geçen yıl gelişmekte olan bir ülke olmasına rağmen, dünya turizm pazarından yeterli düzeyde pay alamamaktadır. Bu ülkede dış turizmin gelişebilmesi için uygulanması gereken stratejilerden biri de halkın turizm konusunda bilinçlendirilmesidir. Halkta turizm bilincinin geliştirilmesi, hizmet kalitesinin yükseltilmesi, otel sayılarının arttırılması ve Özbekistan’daki tarihi ve kültürel mirasların korunması, tanıtımının yapılması ile dünya turizmindeki payı artabilecektir.
DIGITALIZATION AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Panchal Nilam , Dave Darshini
Published: June 2021

Education sector in India has long awaited an overhaul to meet the growing demand for a
contemporary education system that is accessible to all. Children and youth in India have in the last decade become increasingly technology-driven, revealing considerable potential and readiness to imbibe and learn using digital media. Digitalization in Higher Education (HE) institutions is an issue that concerns many educational stakeholders. On one hand,
digitalization enhances our economic, social and political lives. But on the other hand, it
leads to certain negative social impacts. This study has analyzed the movement of
digitalization and its contribution in inclusive society.
THE IMPACT OF CULTURE, EDUCATION AND ENVIRONMENT ON WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERCEPTIONS OF YOUNG FEMALES IN INDIA
Authors: Panchal Nilam
Published: June 2021

Our Youths presently live in an environment predominant with the influences of parents,
schools, peer groups, government policies, social values and the wave of internet related issues. All these work to shape the thinking and direction of our youths positively or negatively. In the positive sense, the mind and thought of these youths become properly and positively directed to face the issues of life, while the reverse becomes the opposite. The need to create value in the lives of our Youths special young women has given rise to various calls for inculcating entrepreneurship skills amongst them. Since women entrepreneurship involves wealth creation leading to gainful employment and advancing society, the need therefore to strengthen entrepreneurship programmes. We are aware that if the youth women are mobilized to embrace entrepreneurship it would go a long way to reduce societal crimes like armed robbery,
kidnapping, drug abuse, immoral behaviours etc. The need of the day is to develop culture. The objectives of the study are to study the entry barriers to entrepreneurship as perceived by the young women in Gujarat. To analyze the career preference and its influencing factors of the women under study in Gujarat. To explore the perception about the possible support system required by the young women for the establishment of entrepreneurship in the areas under study. To study the awareness of policies, programmes, institutional networks and support agencies in promoting women's entrepreneurship in Gujarat. The research design is descriptive in nature. Data will be collected through a self structured questionnaire. Data has been analyzed using various techniques and tools of research. Data has been analyzed and interpreted with the help of R Software. The study here concentrates on measuring impact of culture, education and environment on the on women entrepreneurship. Due to government efforts to empower women, they have reached a good level but does that lead to realization of better opportunities and does result it in better efficient way. The study focuses upon collecting data from different parts of country and try to bring out social challenges and other challenges of our country.
A STUDY OF IT STUDENTS' ATTITUDE TOWARDS LEARNING ENGLISH- ANALYZING THE CAUSES TO MARCH TOWARDS A NEED BASED CURRICULUM
Authors: Joshi Jagdish , Gulestan (Mehta) Dilber
Published: June 2021

English today is a window to the world, a link language and also a cutting edge initiative to be well placed in one's career. In some of the advanced and professional courses, English is included as a part of Curriculum (ESP) In spite of the inclusion of English as a subject , it is found that students are not able to master the language skills according to the demands of Industry. Due to this reason the placement ratio is very low. The reasons for not attaining the desired skills may vary and it may be Student Centric or Academic Centric.
This research paper tries to map the attitude of IT students towards learning English and tries to analyze the reasons of students ' like and dislike for English further aiming to frame a Need Based syllabus taking into consideration their responses and brightening their journey with better placements.
BIREMEDIATION OF PESTICIDES – A REVIEW
Authors: Gajjar Priyanka , Gondaliya Nidhi , Patel Ankita , Shah Hiral
Published: June 2021

Green revolution is one of the basic need to save our planet and our country from burning environmental issues, there were quantum bounce in the use of synthetic pesticides which play an important role in agriculture to control destructive pests such as insects, weeds, plant disease causing pathogenic organisms, nematodes, arthropods and vertebrates, that cause danger to quality of food products such as fruits and vegetables, hazardous to the environment, affects soil fertility and causing imbalance in nature. Currently there have been some Physico -chemical and biological methods which are used to reduce pesticides. However, these methods are not efficient, cost effective and time consuming. Whereas, bioremediation is novel tool or ecofriendly approach used for cleaning up contaminated environments using different microbial species such as bacteria, fungi, Actinomycetes and some green plants. Bioremediation is less invasive method, ecofriendly, economical, more efficient and restorative of soil function. Most of the pesticides generally fall into the major classes of organochlorines, chlorophynoxy acids, carbamates, organophosphorous. My present study focused on understanding bioremediation mechanisms, involvements of different microbes and its vital role in removing pesticides of different categories
THE EFFECT OF RELIGIOUS FACTORS ON TRADITIONAL GENDER BELIEFS IN TURKEY
Authors: FİDAN Ahmet
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between religiosity and gender traditionalism in a secular and Muslim country, Turkey. Based on previous research and perspectives several hypotheses were developed to test. A joint data, which is collected by European Value Survey and World Value Survey from Turkey in 2018, was used for analysis. A series of models of linear logistic regression was created to test the effect of each predictor variable on traditional gender beliefs. The results indicated that subjective religiosity and given importance to religion were strongly, significantly, and positively associated with gender traditionalism while prayer practice showed a slight and positive effect on gender traditionalism. Implications of the study were discussed and concluded, limitations were identified for future work.
Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Avocado Peel Oils using Experimental Analysis (ANOVA)
Authors: Bullo Tafere Aga , Fana Feyissa Bekele
Published: June 2021

The crisis of energy due to the increasing awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel resources, biodiesel is an alternative energy source and promising potential energy that grows rapidly, due to its high contribution to the environment friendly, renewable, non-toxicity, biodegradability, essentially sulfur-free, and as a strategical source of renewable energy in substitution to diesel oil and contributes a minimal amount of net greenhouse gases. In this study, the extracted oil used for biodiesel production from waste avocado peel was investigated in a laboratory approach. Experimental results evaluate the major optimum process parameters for base-catalyzed transesterification on biodiesel yield as well as its properties. The most important variables affecting methyl ester yield during the transesterification reaction are the molar ratio of alcohol to oil and the reaction temperature. A 95.2% FAME conversion was obtained using a methanol/oil ratio of 6:1, 1.21g NaOH, reaction time 67.5 min, and 60 0C reaction temperature. Important properties of (characterization) produced biodiesel are, (pHof 7.8, specific gravity of 0.88, density at 15 0C, kg/m3, the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel was found to be 4.22 m 2·s −1 at 40 0C, the flashpoint was 161 0C and Cetane number of 49 are well-matched the relevant international standards for biodiesel quality produced.  This result shows that the oil obtained from avocado peel can be used for biodiesel production as an alternative fuel as compared to those of ASTM and EN standards.
Discovering Greek & Roman Cities
Authors: Leinung Silja
Published: June 2021

Der Kommentar reflektiert anhand des vorgestellten MOOC ‚Discovering Greek & Roman Cities‘ Herausforderungen und Perspektiven des digitalen historischen Lernens auf Ebene der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung,
der Ausbildung von Lehrenden und der schulischen Umsetzung. Dafür werden Facetten des geschichtsdidaktischen Diskurses zum digitalen historischen Lernen mit dem Aufbau und den Erfahrungen des MOOC verknüpft,
um so Impulse für für die Gestaltung digitalen Lehre, als auch die Ziele und Prozesse einer digitalen wie analogen Lehre im Hinblick auf digitale geschichtskulturelle Angebote abzuleiten. Im Fokus stehen dabei
die Aspekte der Lerngruppendifferenzierung, der veränderten Kommunikation und der Mehrsprachigkeit sowie einer historischen und geschichtsdidaktischen Medienkompetenz und die Einbindung von Sachquellen.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Akademik Başarısı ile Stres ve Bilişsel Esneklik İlişkisinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: UYSAL Neşe , ÜNAL TOPRAK Filiz
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinde bilişsel esneklik ve stresin akademik başarı ile ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı çalışma olarak yürütülen bu araştırmanın örneklemini iki üniversitenin hemşirelik bölümü 3. ve 4. sınıf düzeyindeki 212 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri online ortamda, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Hemşirelik Öğrencileri Algılanan Stres Ölçeği ve Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ödevler ve iş yükünden kaynaklanan stres puan ortalamaları, öğretim elemanı ve hemşirelerden kaynaklanan stres puan ortalamaları ve toplam algılanan stres ölçeği puan ortalamalarının akademik başarı düzeylerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Bilişsel esneklik ölçeği puan ortalamalarının akademik başarı düzeylerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin ödevler ve iş yükünden kaynaklanan stres (r = -0.189; p = 0.006), ortamdan kaynaklanan stres (r = -0.176; p = 0.010), akranlar ve günlük yaşamdan kaynaklanan stres (r = -0.179; p = 0.019) puanları ile bilişsel esneklik ortalama puanları arasında negatif yönde ve anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin akademik başarı düzeylerinin stres ve bilişsel esneklik düzeylerinden etkilendiği saptanmıştır. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin streslerini azaltmaya yönelik destekleyici bir öğrenme ortamı hazırlanması ve öğrenmeyi motive ederek akademik başarılarının desteklenmesi önerilmektedir.
The Orbit and Nature of the Semidetached Stellar Companion of the Sgr A* Supermassive Black Hole
Authors: Leibowitz Elia
Published: June 2021

In three previous papers I showed that the series of the midpoints of the times of all the X-ray flares of Sgr A* that have been detected so far harbor a statistical trend termed pacemaker regularity. This means that X-ray flares are detected more frequently around time points that are a subset of a periodic grid on the time axis of period P

X
= 0.1032 day = 149 minutes. The series of the times of detection of the peaks of near-IR (NIR) flares of the object are also regulated by a pacemaker, with a period of P
IR = 0.028 day = 41 minutes. Here, I show that the series of the midpoints of the times of recorded NIR flares are also regulated by a pacemaker of the period P
IRM = 0.039 day = 56 minutes. The two pacemakers found in the previous papers were interpreted as signals of a star that revolves around the black hole of Sgr A* in orbit with a mean radius of ∼3.2 Schwarzschild radii of the black hole, here corrected to ∼3.13. The finding of the period of the third pacemaker is consistent with the suggested revolving star model. Here, I present the specific orbit of the star as well as a plausible description of its sidereal rotation. The model also implies that the star has an unusual internal structure. I show that the discovery of the GRAVITY Collaboration of the motion of hotspots at distances from the black hole that are of the order of very few Schwarzschild radii of it may well be understood within the context of the revolving star model.
What Makes Quadruply Lensed Quasars Quadruple?
Authors: Luhtaru Richard , Schechter Paul L. , de Soto Kaylee M.
Published: June 2021

Among known strongly lensed quasar systems, ∼25% have gravitational potentials sufficiently flat (and sources sufficiently well aligned) to produce four images rather than two. The projected flattening of the lensing galaxy and tides from neighboring galaxies both contribute to the potential’s quadrupole. Witt’s hyperbola and Wynne’s ellipse permit determination of the overall quadrupole from the positions of the quasar images. The position of the lensing galaxy resolves the distinct contributions of intrinsic ellipticity and tidal shear to that quadrupole. Among 31 quadruply lensed quasars systems with statistically significant decompositions, 15 are either reliably (2σ) or provisionally (1σ) shear-dominated and 11 are either reliably or provisionally ellipticity-dominated. For the remaining eight, the two effects make roughly equal contributions to the combined cross section (newly derived here) for quadruple lensing. This observational result is strongly at variance with the ellipticity-dominated forecast of Oguri & Marshall.
The ACTIONFINDER: An Unsupervised Deep Learning Algorithm for Calculating Actions and the Acceleration Field from a Set of Orbit Segments
Authors: Ibata Rodrigo , Diakogiannis Foivos I. , Famaey Benoit , Monari Giacomo
Published: June 2021

We introduce the ACTIONFINDER, a deep learning algorithm designed to transform a sample of phase-space measurements along orbits in a static potential into action and angle coordinates. The algorithm finds the mapping from positions and velocities to actions and angles in an unsupervised way, by using the fact that points along the same orbit have identical actions. Here we present the workings of the method and test it on simple axisymmetric models, comparing the derived actions to those generated with the Torus Mapping technique. We show that it recovers the torus actions for halo-type orbits in a realistic model of the Milky Way to ∼0.6% accuracy with as few as 1024 input phase-space measurements. These actions are much better conserved along orbits than those estimated with the Stäckel fudge. In our case, the reciprocal mapping from actions and angles to positions and velocities can also be learned. One of the advantages of the ACTIONFINDER is that it does not require the underlying potential to be known in advance—indeed it is designed to return the acceleration field. We expect the algorithm to be useful for analyzing the properties of dynamical systems in numerical simulations. However, our ultimate goal with this effort will be to apply it to real stellar streams to recover the Galactic acceleration field in a way that is relatively agnostic about the underlying dark matter properties or the behavior of gravity.
The 450 Day X-Ray Monitoring of the Changing-look AGN 1ES 1927+654
Authors: Ricci C. , Loewenstein M. , Kara E. , Remillard R. , Trakhtenbrot B. , Arcavi I. , Gendreau K. C. , Arzoumanian Z. , Fabian A. C. , Li R. , Ho L. C. , MacLeod C. L. , Cackett E. , Altamirano D. , Gandhi P. , Kosec P. , Pasham D. , Steiner J. , Chan C.-H.
Published: June 2021

1ES 1927+654 is a nearby active galactic nucleus (AGN) that underwent a changing-look event in early 2018, developing prominent broad Balmer lines that were absent in previous observations. We have followed up this object in the X-rays with an ongoing campaign that started in 2018 May and that includes 265 NICER (for a total of 678 ks) and 14 Swift/XRT (26 ks) observations, as well as three simultaneous XMM-Newton/NuSTAR (158/169 ks) exposures. In the X-rays, 1ES 1927+654 shows a behavior unlike any previously known AGN. The source is extremely variable both in spectral shape and flux and does not show any correlation between X-ray and UV flux on timescales of hours or weeks/months. After the outburst, the power-law component almost completely disappeared, and the source showed an extremely soft continuum dominated by a blackbody component. The temperature of the blackbody increases with the luminosity, going from kT ∼ 80 eV (for a 0.3–2 keV luminosity of L
0.3−2 ∼ 1041.5 erg s−1) to ∼200 eV (for L
0.3−2 ∼ 1044 erg s−1). The spectra show evidence of ionized outflows and of a prominent feature at ∼1 keV, which can be reproduced by a broad emission line. The unique characteristics of 1ES 1927+654 in the X-ray band suggest that it belongs to a new type of changing-look AGN. Future X-ray surveys might detect several more objects with similar properties.
New records of Braconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from South Korea
Authors: Samartsev Konstantin , Ku Deok-Seo
Published: June 2021

Two genera (Campyloneurus Szépligeti and Craspedolcus Enderlein) and 31 species of Braconinae are recorded for the first time from South Korea, including one new subspecies (Bracon albion continentalisssp. nov.). Two new synonyms are proposed: Bracon leptotes Li, He & Chen, 2020, syn. nov. (= B. (Bracon) semitergalis Tobias, 2000) and B. megaventris Li, He & Chen, 2020, syn. nov. (= B. (B.) terebralis Tobias, 2000). For all species with problematic identification descriptions, diagnoses and illustrations are provided.
Ovipositor of the braconid wasp Habrobracon hebetor: structural and functional aspects
Authors: Csader Michael , Mayer Karin , Betz Oliver , Fischer Stefan , Eggs Benjamin
Published: June 2021

The Braconidae are a megadiverse and ecologically highly important group of insects. The vast majority of braconid wasps are parasitoids of other insects, usually attacking the egg or larval stages of their hosts. The ovipositor plays a crucial role in the assessment of the potential host and precise egg laying. We used light- and electron-microscopic techniques to investigate all inherent cuticular elements of the ovipositor (the female 9th abdominal tergum, two pairs of valvifers, and three pairs of valvulae) of the braconid Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836) in detail with respect to their morphological structure and microsculpture. Based on serial sections, we reconstructed the terebra in 3D with all its inherent structures and the ligaments connecting it to the 2nd valvifers. We examined the exact position of the paired valvilli, which are bilateral concave structures that protrude into the egg canal. In H. hebetor, these structures putatively divert the egg ventrally between the 1st valvulae for oviposition. We discuss further mechanical and functional aspects of the ovipositor in order to increase the understanding of this putative key feature in the evolution of braconids and of parasitoid wasps in general.
Crenobiont, stygophile and stygobiont molluscs in the hydrographic area of the Trebišnjica River Basin
Authors: Falniowski Andrzej , Lewarne Brian , Rysiewska Aleksandra , Osikowski Artur , Hofman Sebastian
Published: June 2021

In the paper the crenobiont, stygophile and stygobiont malacofauna of the karst area of Popovo Polje around Trebinje (Eastern Herzegovina, BiH) is presented. The materials were collected from springs, caves and interstitial habitats (with a Bou-Rouch pump) at 23 localities. The following species were found: Pisidium cf. personatum A.W. Malm, 1855,Theodoxus callosus(Deshayes, 1833),Sadleriana fluminensis(Küster, 1852),Radomaniola curta(Küster, 1852), Radomaniola cf. bosniaca (Radoman, 1973),Kerkia brianiRysiewska & Osikowski, 2020,Montenegrospeum bogici(Pešić & Glöer, 2012),Litthabitella chilodia(Westerlund, 1886),Travunijana vruljakensisGrego & Glöer, 2019, a new genus and species of the Sadlerianinae,Emmericia ventricosaBrusina, 1870, Iglica cf. absoloni (A.J. Wagner, 1914),Plagigeyeria tribunicaeSchütt, 1963,Paladilhiopsis arionRysiewska & Osikowski, 2021,Valvata montenegrinaGlöer & Pešić, 2008,Radix labiata(Rossmässler, 1835),Galba truncatula(O. F. Müller, 1774),Ancylus recurvusMartens, 1783,Ancylussp. and the amphibiotic Succinea cf. putris (Linnaeus, 1758). The redescription of the genusTravunijanaGrego & Glöer, 2019, applying the characteristics of shell, female reproductive organs and penis, is also presented. The new genus and species are described, based on the shell, penis, radula and fragmentary data on the female reproductive organs. For all species, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) is applied to confirm the determination; in the case ofTravunijanaand the new genus, the nuclear histone H3 locus is also used, in order to infer both their distinctiveness and phylogenetic relationships.
Intercultural Communication and our Understanding of Language
Authors: Kecskes Istvan
Published: June 2021

Prendre en compte la recherche en communication interculturelle est nécessaire lorsqu’il s’agit de définir le langage, d’en cerner sa nature et son fonctionnement. Les théories linguistiques et pragmatiques sont en général issues de l’analyse d’une L1 et partent du principe que l’usage du langage repose sur l’existence de points communs partagés par les utilisateurs d’une langue. Ces conventions de langue et d’usage constituent un terrain commun sur lequel se construit une communication fondée sur l’intention et la coopération. Cependant, ce terrain commun est limité dans la communication interculturelle ; il paraît alors nécessaire de réexaminer la question de la formulation et de l’interprétation des énoncés produits par les locuteurs. Trois aspects importants de cette question sont examinés : la définition du langage, la réévaluation du rôle du contexte et une approche renouvelée du processus de créativité linguistique.
Metaphors and Persuasion in Healthcare Communication
Authors: Rossi Maria Grazia
Published: June 2021

L’objectif principal de cet article est de montrer comment les métaphores peuvent être utilisées comme outils pédagogiques dans des contextes médicaux. Partant d’une réflexion sur les métaphores en tant que stratégies persuasives caractérisées par des arguments implicites ou condensés, cet article examine les conditions sous lesquelles les métaphores lors des consultations médicales favorisent la construction d’un terrain d’entente et permettent ainsi une meilleure compréhension par les patients et une participation accrue de ces derniers dans la prise de décisions. En utilisant des principes issus de l’approche pragmatique interculturelle développée par Kecskes (2014), des extraits d’interactions patient-prestataire sont discutés pour déterminer si les métaphores sont appropriées ou non.
How Good Are Native Speakers at Evaluating Pragmatic Competence? Native Speaker Assessments of Learner Status and Appropriate Pragmatic Behaviour in English
Authors: Sickinger Pawel , Renkwitz Katrin
Published: June 2021

Cet article rend compte d’une étude de perception. Des locuteurs natifs (anglais et allemands ayant l’anglais comme L2) doivent identifier le statut d'apprenant ou de locuteur natif de l’auteur d’une demande. Les données suggèrent que le taux de réussite pour distinguer un locuteur natif d’un apprenant grâce à la performance linguistique relève presque du hasard. L’identification d’un locuteur comme locuteur natif est incontestablement liée à la compréhensibilité, l'authenticité perçue ainsi qu’à l'absence d'erreurs formelles. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous questionnons la capacité des locuteurs natifs à évaluer intuitivement le comportement communicatif ressemblant à celui d’un locuteur natif au-delà des aspects formels. Ensuite, nous abordons l’importance qu’ont ces résultats par rapport aux démarches d’inclusion de la compétence pragmatique dans les tests de langue et la certification linguistique.
Paralytic Strabismus in Turkish Children Examined at Three Tertiary Care Services: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Usta Gulsah , Karaca Umut , Keskinbora Hıdır Kadircan , Gonen Tansu
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To assess the etiology and distribution of pediatric ocular motor nerve palsy manifesting as paralytic strabismus.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively examined the medical files of patients younger than 18 years who were suspected to have strabismus between January 1999 and June 2012 in three Turkish clinics and followed up for at least 6 months. Patients with paralytic strabismus were stratified according to age, sex, affected cranial nerve, and etiology (congenital, traumatic, neoplastic, post-viral, vascular, undetermined, or other), and compared the proportions between groups.

Results:

Paralytic strabismus was observed in 33 of 1,263 patients (2.6%), with a mean age of 5.9 ± 4.4 years (range: 6 months to 16 years). Seventeen patients (51.5%) were boys and 16 (48.5%) were girls. Twelve patients (36.4%) had congenital paralytic strabismus, and 21 patients (63.6%) had acquired strabismus. The most prevalent cause of acquired paralytic strabismus was trauma in 11 patients (52.4%), undetermined in 6 patients (28.6%), post-viral cranial nerve paralysis in 3 patients (14.3%), and a history of hydrocephalus in 1 patient (9.1%). The fourth cranial nerve was the most frequently affected (45.5% [15 of 33]), followed by the sixth (39.4% [13 of 33]) and the third (15.2% [5 of 33]).

Conclusions:

Evaluating the incidence and etiology of paralytic strabismus in children in a clinical setting may improve disease management and reduce unnecessary invasive examinations. This study will assist clinicians in understanding the clinic-based distribution of pediatric paralytic strabismus.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(5):282–286.]
Prevalence of Ocular Surface Disease Symptoms in High School Students in Monterrey, Mexico
Authors: Garza-León Manuel , López-Chavez Everardo , De La Parra-Colín Paola
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease symptoms and contact lens wear in Mexican high school students.

Methods:

A cross-sectional association study included a group of high school students who were selected from a random sampling of classrooms. The authors used the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire as a surrogate measure for dry eye disease symptoms, and contact lens wear was also investigated.

Results:

Seven hundred fifty-nine students with a mean age of 16.12 ± 0.96 years were surveyed and 55.7% of the students were girls (423 of 759). The average OSDI score was 25.11 ± 20.61 points. Girls had higher scores (28.25 ± 21.48 points) than boys (21.14 ± 18.74 points), and the difference was statistically significant (
P
< .001). Forty-three students (6.1%) wore contact lenses and had higher OSDI scores (34.26 ± 23.13 and 24.51 ± 20.31 points, respectively) and the difference was also statistically significant (
P
= .002).

Conclusions:

Symptoms of mild and moderate dry eye disease are prevalent in high school students and, as reported in previous studies, girls are more affected than boys.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(5):287–291.]
Balance of complete cohomology in extriangulated categories
Authors: Hu Jiangsheng , Zhang Dongdong , Zhao Tiwei , Zhou Panyue
Published: June 2021

Let $ (\mathcal{C}, \mathbb{E}, \mathfrak{s}) $ be an extriangulated category with a proper class $ \xi $ of $ \mathbb{E} $-triangles. In this paper, we study the balance of complete cohomology in $ (\mathcal{C}, \mathbb{E}, \mathfrak{s}) $, which is motivated by a result of Nucinkis that complete cohomology of modules is not balanced in the way the absolute cohomology Ext is balanced. As an application, we give some criteria for identifying a triangulated catgory to be Gorenstein and an Artin algebra to be $ F $-Gorenstein.
Immersed hybrid difference methods for elliptic boundary value problems by artificial interface conditions
Authors: Jeon Youngmok , Shin Dongwook
Published: June 2021

We propose an immersed hybrid difference method for elliptic boundary value problems by artificial interface conditions. The artificial interface condition is derived by imposing the given boundary condition weakly with the penalty parameter as in the Nitsche trick and it maintains ellipticity. Then, the derived interface problems can be solved by the hybrid difference approach together with a proper virtual to real transformation. Therefore, the boundary value problems can be solved on a fixed mesh independently of geometric shapes of boundaries. Numerical tests on several types of boundary interfaces are presented to demonstrate efficiency of the suggested method.
Accelerating the Bayesian inference of inverse problems by using data-driven compressive sensing method based on proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Xiong Meixin , Chen Liuhong , Ming Ju , Shin Jaemin
Published: June 2021

In Bayesian inverse problems, using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to sample from the posterior space of unknown parameters is a formidable challenge due to the requirement of evaluating the forward model a large number of times. For the purpose of accelerating the inference of the Bayesian inverse problems, in this work, we present a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) based data-driven compressive sensing (DCS) method and construct a low dimensional approximation to the stochastic surrogate model on the prior support. Specifically, we first use POD to generate a reduced order model. Then we construct a compressed polynomial approximation by using a stochastic collocation method based on the generalized polynomial chaos expansion and solving an $ l_1 $-minimization problem. Rigorous error analysis and coefficient estimation was provided. Numerical experiments on stochastic elliptic inverse problem were performed to verify the effectiveness of our POD-DCS method.
Efecto de la cantidad de ZrO 2 sobre las propiedades mecánicas de los compuestos de aluminio reforzados con ZrO 2 producidos por la técnica de infiltración al vacío
Authors: Pul Muharrem
Published: June 2021

Este estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar el efecto de la cantidad de ZrO2 en los materiales compuestos reforzados con ZrO2 basados en la aleación de aluminio 2024 obtenidos mediante la técnica de infiltración al vacío, con escasa información en la bibliografía. Se utilizó el ZrO2 como elemento de refuerzo en proporciones de 5%, 10%, 15% y 20%. Después del proceso de fabricación, se midió la densidad de los materiales compuestos y se investigó su microestructura mediante microscopía óptica y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). El estudio también se ocupó de la determinación de las propiedades mecánicas de los materiales compuestos obtenidos. Para ello, se realizaron mediciones de dureza y pruebas de resistencia a la rotura cruzada, así como pruebas de desgaste mediante abrasivo. El análisis de microestructura reveló que el elemento aditivo ZrO2 se distribuyó parcialmente de manera homogénea en la estructura compuesta y que la humectación entre Al 2024 y ZrO2 fue adecuada. El aumento de las cantidades de ZrO2 dio lugar a valores más altos de densidad, dureza y resistencia al desgaste. Sin embargo, la resistencia a la rotura cruzada disminuyó. En resumen, los resultados de este estudio revelaron que el refuerzo de ZrO2 mejoró las propiedades mecánicas de la aleación Al 2024.
Enhancing Educational Attainment Through Prior Learning Assessment
Authors: Bergman Matt , Favoroso Vin
Published: June 2021

Prior learning assessment (PLA) is a path to greater educational attainment for adult learners re-entering higher education. This innovative approach provides academic credit for college-level and credit-worthy learning that happened outside the confines of the college walls. The growth in adoption of PLA at many institutions is in concert with the need for more of America's workforce to earn more postsecondary credentials. This chapter explores the nature of PLA and its evolution into the mainstream of higher education policy and practice. The authors examine two institutions' relevant and rigorous approaches to validating learning via PLA. The authors believe that credit for prior learning will become more standardized with time and awareness of this innovative approach to acknowledging experiential learning external to the academic setting.
Charting the Course Ahead
Authors: Parsons Kelle , Mason Jessica
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to encourage the expansion of research in postsecondary competency-based education (CBE) by providing specific directions for further study and outlining paths for other researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike to inform useful research. The authors make the case that the continued development of postsecondary CBE programs relies on effective research to inform program development, growth, and expansion. In this context, the authors examine the primary audiences for research and their interests, the current barriers and enablers to conducting studies about CBE, key directions for a future research agenda, and a snapshot of what is known about those critical topics to date.
The Socio-Economic Impact of Identity Theft and Cybercrime
Authors: Conteh Nabie Y. , Staton Quinnesha N.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to explore and address the socio-economic impact of identity thefts and cybercrime in general. The chapter will further explain the various ways employed in their implementation. The chapter will also put forward ways to prevent the threats and vulnerabilities of the attacks. The study will also recommend solutions to stop and/or mitigate the consequences of cyber-thefts. The study will define social engineering as well as provide various social engineering tactic. The chapter will also discuss the reasons for the rise in cybercrime. Such reasons will include financial gain, revenge, as well as non-financial gains. Also cited are examples that demonstrate the capabilities of cybercriminal. The chapter will also provide justification for the reasons behind the cumbersome task and failure in instituting a lasting solution to the criminal activities. Finally, this chapter will close with a conclusion on the economic implications of social engineering on the general cyberwar on cybercrime at the national and global levels.
Testing the Random Walk Hypothesis for Real Exchange Rates
Authors: Dias Rui Teixeira , Pardal Pedro , Santos Hortense , Vasco Cristina
Published: June 2021

This chapter aims to analyze the efficiency, in its weak form, in the exchange rates of Brazil vs. USA, Australia, Canada, Europe (Euro Zone), Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Japan from July 1, 2019 to September 20, 2020. The results suggest that exchange rates show signs of (in)efficiency, in their weak form (i.e., the values of the variance ratios are lower than the unit), which implies that returns are autocorrelated over time, and there is reversal to the average. In corroboration, the results of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) show persistence in yields (i.e., the existence of long memories), thus validating the results of the Lo and Mackinlay model that show autocorrelation between the series of yields. As a conclusion, the authors show that the assumption of market efficiency may be questioned, since the forecast of market movement may be improved if the lagged movements of the other markets are taken into account, allowing the occurrence of arbitrage operations in these foreign exchange markets.
Good Leadership Practices in Contexts of Unpredictability
Authors: Roque Helena Cristina , Ramos Madalena
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 was declared the pandemic on 11 March 2020, and the world is still in the throes of an unprecedented and highly unpredictable public health crisis, with consequences at an individual, group, organisational, and societal level. Under such dire circumstances, leadership is of decisive importance, as the repercussions of the decisions taken may, now more than ever, be crucial. Hence, leadership is currently essential not only for the success, but for the actual survival of organisations. In a scenario of ongoing change with unforeseeable outcomes, the absence of good leadership could mean the demise of an organisation. Grounded on the theory of responsible leadership and the theory of shared leadership, the authors present the good leadership practices that are considered essential during times of major unpredictability such those currently underway.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Secretarial Role in Organizations
Authors: Santos Tânia Matos , Sousa Marlene Filipa , Oliveira Márcio Sol
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a global downturn in economic activity, with new social and economic conditions. For executive secretariat professionals, the pandemic has significantly contributed to change the way they operate, their tasks, activity, and importance in the organizations. The present investigation intends to understand the perception of the executive secretarial professionals of companies about the exercise of their profession, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results obtained show that there have been significant changes in the new conditions and requirements inherent to the exercise of the profession, in terms of their competencies and responsibilities, as well in the implementation of new forms of work.
Artificial Intelligence, Human Intelligence, and Orientism Management Framework
Authors: Dall'Acqua Luisa
Published: June 2021

The chapter intends to be a theoretical contribution for developers in the field of artificial intelligence. It also means a practical guideline for leaders, as decision-makers, to manage tasks and optimize performance. The proposed approach interprets the fluid nature of the decision-making process looking at knowledge and knowledge activities as dynamic, adaptive, and self-regulative, based not only on well-known explicit curricular goals but also on unpredictable interactions and relationships between players. The knowledge process is emerging in human and biological, social, and cultural environments.
Optimizing Supply Chains Through System Dynamics Modelling and Simulation
Authors: Agua Pedro B. , Correia Anacleto C. , Frias Armindo
Published: June 2021

In critical activities and organizations, decision making in the face of complexity has been a growing normal. Complexity troubles humans due to cognitive limitations. Moreover, humans are merely able to understand cause-and-effect relationships that are close in time and space, not the paradigm of many complex socio-technical systems. Decision-making processes shall rely on models that help harness a problem´s associated complexity – among them the dynamics of supply chains. Models typically fall into two broad categories: mental and formal models. Supply chains are complex systems, which may exhibit complex behaviour patterns. Decisions and policies within organizational systems are the causes of many problems, among them undesirable oscillations and other problematic patterns of the parameters of interest. A system is a grouping of parts that work together for a purpose. Hence, the systems dynamics methodology is an adequate approach to deal with fuel supply chain management. A model was developed that helps manage marine gasoil supply chains in the context of the navy.
Learning From the Past
Authors: Carcarino Immacolata
Published: June 2021

Learning from past experiences should be considered vital in every decision-making process. It becomes even more important when lessons could save lives. Past experiences could indeed support the development of survival courses and reintegration processes for military and civilian personnel deployed in hostile environments. Moreover, the integration of lessons from the past and basic techniques could be useful for anyone working, or simply traveling, in areas where the risk of isolation and/or kidnapping is considered very high. During an isolation event, every aspect should be considered from support to families during captivity to the reintegration into everyday life. Governments, NGOs, and international organizations should look at the past and learn how to establish an effective system to repatriate and reintegrate their representatives.