bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transnasal endoscopic approach to the pediatric craniovertebral junction and rostral cervical spine: case series and literature review
Authors: Hickman Zachary L. , McDowell Michael M. , Barton Sunjay M. , Sussman Eric S. , Grunstein Eli , Anderson Richard C. E.
Published: August 2013

The endoscopic transnasal approach to the rostral pediatric spine and craniovertebral junction is a relatively new technique that provides an alternative to the traditional transoral approach to the anterior pediatric spine. In this case series, the authors provide 2 additional examples of patients undergoing endoscopic transnasal odontoidectomies for ventral decompression of the spinal cord. Both patients would have required transection of the palate to undergo an effective transoral operation, which can be a cause of significant morbidity. In one case, transnasal decompression was initially incomplete, and decompression was successfully achieved via a second endoscopic transnasal operation. Both cases resulted in significant neurological recovery and stable long-term spinal alignment. The transnasal approach benefits from entering into the posterior pharynx at an angle that often reduces the length of postoperative intubation and may speed a patient's return to oral intake. Higher reoperation rates are a concern for many endoscopic approaches, but there are insufficient data to conclude if this is the case for this procedure. Further experience with this technique will provide a better understanding of the indications for which it is most effective. Transcervical and transoral endoscopic approaches have also been reported and provide additional options for pediatric anterior cervical spine surgery.
Neuronavigation in minimally invasive spine surgery
Authors: Moses Ziev B. , Mayer Rory R. , Strickland Benjamin A. , Kretzer Ryan M. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Baaj Ali A.
Published: August 2013

Object

Parallel advancements in image guidance technology and minimal access techniques continue to push the frontiers of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). While traditional intraoperative imaging remains widely used, newer platforms, such as 3D-fluoroscopy, cone-beam CT, and intraoperative CT/MRI, have enabled safer, more accurate instrumentation placement with less radiation exposure to the surgeon. The goal of this work is to provide a review of the current uses of advanced image guidance in MISS.

Methods

The authors searched PubMed for relevant articles concerning MISS, with particular attention to the use of image-guidance platforms. Pertinent studies published in English were further compiled and characterized into relevant analyses of MISS of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral regions.

Results

Fifty-two studies were included for review. These describe the use of the iso-C system for 3D navigation during C1–2 transarticular screw placement, the use of endoscopic techniques in the cervical spine, and the role of navigation guidance at the occipital-cervical junction. The authors discuss the evolving literature concerning neuronavigation during pedicle screw placement in the thoracic and lumbar spine in the setting of infection, trauma, and deformity surgery and review the use of image guidance in transsacral approaches.

Conclusions

Refinements in image-guidance technologies and minimal access techniques have converged on spinal pathology, affording patients the ability to undergo safe, accurate operations without the associated morbidities of conventional approaches. While percutaneous transpedicular screw placement is among the most common procedures to benefit from navigation, other areas of spine surgery can benefit from advances in neuronavigation and further growth in the field of image-guided MISS is anticipated.
Short-term and long-term outcomes of minimally invasive and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions: is there a difference?
Authors: Cheng Jason S. , Park Priscilla , Le Hai , Reisner Lori , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V.
Published: August 2013

Object

Previous studies comparing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MITLIF) with open TLIF have demonstrated that MITLIF reduces blood loss and decreases postoperative pain while preserving fusion rates and reducing complications. In this study, the authors wanted to compare outcomes of MITLIF with those of open TLIF to determine whether MITLIF also improves postoperative functional mobility and decreases the usage of pain medication.

Methods

In total, 75 consecutive patients who underwent either single-level open TLIF or MITLIF at the University of California, San Francisco, between 2006 and 2011 were included, and patients were followed up for an average of 5.05 years. Fifty patients underwent MITLIF and 25 underwent open TLIF. Primary outcomes included administration of morphine-equivalent narcotics and functional status on postoperative Day 1. Secondary outcomes included operative characteristics, complications, long-term fusion rates, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores.

Results

No statistically significant differences in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), level of disease, or surgical indication were detected between the open TLIF and MITLIF groups. Similarly, preoperative medication usage did not significantly differ between these groups. Intraoperatively, compared with TLIF, MITLIF resulted in decreased lengths of operation, lower blood loss, and fewer complications (p < 0.05). Total administration of morphine-equivalent pain medication in the hospital also tended to be lower in the MITLIF than in the TLIF group. Functional assessment by physical therapy on postoperative Day 1 demonstrated higher function in the MITLIF patients for transfer-related tasks, ambulatory ability, and distance walked than in the TLIF patients (p < 0.05). This translated to shorter inpatient hospitalizations (6.05 vs 4.8 days for open TLIF vs MITLIF patients, respectively, p = 0.006) and an average cost reduction of $3885 per MITLIF patient. Long-term fusion rates were 92% in the MITLIF group and 100% in the open TLIF group (p = 0.09). Preoperative VAS pain scores were 7.1 for the MITLIF patients and 7.6 for the TLIF patients (p = 0.26). At the last follow-up, the reported VAS pain score was 2.9 in the MITLIF patients and 3.5 in the open TLIF patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.25). There was also no statistically significant difference in the degree change in this score (p = 0.44).

Conclusions

The MITLIF approach achieves improved functional mobility, decreases the usage of postoperative pain medication, and significantly reduces cost compared with open TLIF while preserving long-term fusion rates. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study comparing the postoperative usage of pain medication between treatments in the postoperative period before discharge.
Surgery for low-grade glioma infiltrating the central cerebral region: location as a predictive factor for neurological deficit, epileptological outcome, and quality of life
Authors: Schucht Philippe , Ghareeb Fadi , Duffau Hugues
Published: August 2013

Object

A main concern with regard to surgery for low-grade glioma (LGG, WHO Grade II) is maintenance of the patient's functional integrity. This concern is particularly relevant for gliomas in the central region, where damage can have grave repercussions. The authors evaluated postsurgical outcomes with regard to neurological deficits, seizures, and quality of life.

Methods

Outcomes were compared for 33 patients with central LGG (central cohort) and a control cohort of 31 patients with frontal LGG (frontal cohort), all of whom had had medically intractable seizures before undergoing surgery with mapping while awake. All surgeries were performed in the period from February 2007 through April 2010 at the same institution.

Results

For the central cohort, the median extent of resection was 92% (range 80%–97%), and for the frontal cohort, the median extent of resection was 93% (range 83%–98%; p = 1.0). Although the rate of mild neurological deficits was similar for both groups, seizure freedom (Engel Class I) was achieved for only 4 (12.1%) of 33 patients in the central cohort compared with 26 (83.9%) of 31 patients in the frontal cohort (p < 0.0001). The rate of return to work was lower for patients in the central cohort (4 [12.1%] of 33) than for the patients in the frontal cohort (28 [90.3%] of 31; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Resection of central LGG is feasible and safe when appropriate intraoperative mapping is used. However, seizure control for these patients remains poor, a finding that contrasts markedly with seizure control for patients in the frontal cohort and with that reported in the literature. For patients with central LGG, poor seizure control ultimately determines quality of life because most will not be able to return to work.
Seizure outcomes after temporal lobectomy in pediatric patients
Authors: Englot Dario J. , Rolston John D. , Wang Doris D. , Sun Peter P. , Chang Edward F. , Auguste Kurtis I.
Published: August 2013

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adults and is responsible for 15%–20% of epilepsy cases in children. Class I evidence strongly supports the use of temporal lobectomy for intractable TLE in adults, but fewer studies have examined seizure outcomes and predictors of seizure freedom after temporal lobectomy in pediatric patients. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including 10 or more pediatric patients (age ≤ 19 years) published over the last 20 years examining seizure outcomes after temporal lobectomy for TLE. Thirty-six studies met their inclusion criteria. These 36 studies included 1318 pediatric patients with a mean age (± SEM) of 10.7 ± 0.3 years. Overall, seizure freedom (Engel Class I outcome) was achieved in 1002 cases (76%); 316 patients (24%) continued to have seizures (Engel Class II–IV outcome). All patients had at least 1 year of follow-up. Statistically significant predictors of seizure freedom after surgery included lesional epilepsy etiology (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.15), abnormal findings on preoperative MRI (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.40), and lack of generalized seizures (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.56). Among lesional epilepsy cases, there was a trend toward better outcome with gross-total lesionectomy than with subtotal resection. Approximately three-fourths of pediatric patients with TLE attain seizure freedom after temporal lobectomy. Favorable outcomes may be predicted by lesional epilepsy etiology, abnormal MRI, and lack of generalized seizures. Pediatric patients with medically refractory TLE should be referred to a comprehensive pediatric epilepsy center for surgical evaluation.
Seizure outcomes after resective surgery for extra–temporal lobe epilepsy in pediatric patients
Authors: Englot Dario J. , Breshears Jonathan D. , Sun Peter P. , Chang Edward F. , Auguste Kurtis I.
Published: August 2013

While temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common epilepsy syndrome in adults, seizures in children are more often extratemporal in origin. Extra–temporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE) in pediatric patients is often medically refractory, leading to significantly diminished quality of life. Seizure outcomes after resective surgery for pediatric ETLE vary tremendously in the literature, given diverse patient and epilepsy characteristics and small sample sizes. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including 10 or more pediatric patients (age ≤ 19 years) published over the last 20 years examining seizure outcomes after resective surgery for ETLE, excluding hemispherectomy. Thirty-six studies were examined. These 36 studies included 1259 pediatric patients who underwent resective surgery for ETLE. Seizure freedom (Engel Class I outcome) was achieved in 704 (56%) of these 1259 patients postoperatively, and 555 patients (44%) continued to have seizures (Engel Class II–IV outcome). Shorter epilepsy duration (≤ 7 years, the median value in this study) was more predictive of seizure freedom than longer (> 7 years) seizure history (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–2.14), suggesting that earlier intervention may be beneficial. Also, lesional epilepsy was associated with better seizure outcomes than nonlesional epilepsy (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.19–1.49). Other predictors of seizure freedom included an absence of generalized seizures (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.18–2.35) and localizing ictal electroencephalographic findings (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.24–1.93). In conclusion, seizure outcomes after resective surgery for pediatric ETLE are less favorable than those associated with temporal lobectomy, but seizure freedom may be more common with earlier intervention and lesional epilepsy etiology. Children with continued debilitating seizures despite failure of multiple medication trials should be referred to a comprehensive pediatric epilepsy center for further medical and surgical evaluation.
Über wirtschaftliche und synökologische Bedeutungen der Nachhaltigkeit (Essay)
Authors: Hennig Rolf
Published: August 2013

On the economic and synecological significance of sustainability (essay)

Today's concept of sustainability in forestry has roots in both economics and synecology. It shows the way, at the national and global levels to management in perpetuity of natural resources through sustainable use and, in general, for management of the natural foundations of life on our planet. Thus the concept has high philosophical significance, especially for environmental ethics.
Nachhaltigkeit in Wald und Gesellschaft trotz «Überalterung» und «Unterjüngung» (Essay)
Authors: Schärer Werner
Published: August 2013

Sustainability in forest and society despite “overmaturity” and “lack of regeneration” (essay)

This essay compares efforts to move towards sustainability in the forests with those in the care for the elderly in Switzerland, and tries to draw conclusions which may promote sustainability. It is wrong, for forests and human populations, to talk of “overmaturity”, as this assumes the primacy of economic reasoning. To guarantee sustainability, the balance between all aspects is crucial. To attain true sustainability, we need binding guidelines and the “right” scale of implementation programme. Civil society organisations have been working for decades – often longer than the state itself – to improve sustainability. In many different areas, good cooperation and effective distribution of tasks between these institutions can be observed. This is important, among other things, because the ever greater speed of technical progress may overwhelm the adaptive capacity of both forests and people, which would influence sustainability in a negative way.
Témoins d'occupation domestique du Néolithique ancien à Pont/Plomb "Le Champ Hardy" (Manche)
Authors: Ghesquière Emmanuel , Marcigny Cyril , Carpentier Vincent , Durand Juliette , Giazzon David
Published: August 2013

In the course of a rescue excavation near the boundary of the communes of Plomb and Pont in the Manche department (Basse-Normandie) a number of pits of human or natural origin were discovered wich contained Neolithic ceramic and lithic material. The pottery was characterised by relief decoration (buttons and cordons) wich though not abundant allowed the occupation to be attnbuted to a late phase of the Villeneuve-Saint-Germain group. This site complements the information obtained from the excavation at Le Haut-Mée, at Saint- Etienne en Coglès in Ille-et-Vilaine (Bretagne).
L'enclos médiéval de Vivy "Le Perray" (Maine-et-Loire)
Authors: Thooris Catherine
Published: August 2013

Fouillé dans le cadre de l'autoroute A85 (Angers-Saumur), le site de Vivy « Le Perray » est implanté dans la plaine alluviale de la Loire, à proximité de Saumur. L'occupation s'organise autour d'un enclos ovale dans lequel on accédait par une passerelle en bois. Un puits, des fosses et des fossés complètent l'installation. Le site est datable, par dendrochronologie, du XIIIème siècle. Il semble abandonné au XVème siècle. Le terrain, gorgé d'eau, est alors nivelé avec l'apport de matériaux de destruction d'un habitat localisé en dehors de l'emprise autoroutière. La parcelle est ensuite remise en culture. Le gisement a livré une grande quantité de mobilier céramique divers, de la vaisselle en bois et un peigne en os.
Système d'entrée de l'avant-cour au château de Tonquédec (Côtes d'Armor)
Authors: Tournier Fanny
Published: August 2013

Tonquédec Castle, of which the greatest part of remains are dated to the XVth. century, is flanked by a vast forecourt, or barbican. It's entry, as a consequence of a restoration program, has been excavated. The excavation results have demonstrated the absence of ditch around the surrounding wall and the presence of water near the entry.
Découvertes récentes de l'Age du Bronze moyen dans le département de la Sarthe (Pays-de-la-Loire)
Authors: Marcigny Cyril , Aubry Bruno , Verney Antoine , Vacher Stéphane , Thooris Catherine , Ménager Loïc
Published: August 2013

During rescue excavations undertaken on the A28 motorway (Alençon - Le Mans - Tours), work coordinated by C. Thooris (Inrap), three sites yelded Middle Bronze Age artefacts (including ceramics, a bronze pin with a splayed head and a spindle - shaped bulge, and a palstave). Thèse éléments, unequal depending on the sites, are the first éléments of this period which permit links to be established between the Atlantic and Channel coast areas. They confirm the southern extension of the Channel - North Sea « techno - cultural » complex presently under définition.
Enclos et souterrain du second Age du Fer dans la plaine de Caen, l'exemple de Cormelles-le-Royal (Calvados)
Authors: Carpentier Vincent , Marcigny Cyril , Savary Xavier , Ghesquière Emmanuel
Published: August 2013

The development works in Caen's south ring road enabled a partial excavation, concerning a rural late Iron Age Settlement, that was marked by three occupation phases, each of them corresponding to one quadrangular enclosure. The ditches of the second and third occupation phases surrounded two succesive settlements, that kept the same orientation and entrance. The third phase corresponds to an extension of the enclosed surface, beyond the former surrounding ditch, that was filled in at that rime. The occupation levels hâve been eroded away, but many structures hâve been nevertheless recorded, among them several buildings, pits and fumaces, and one large underground with two entrances, linked with the second occupation phase. Ceramics and other artefacts gathered, allow to date the second phase from the end of La Tène moyenne (C) or the beginning of La Tène finale (D), and the third phase from the end of that period.
Le site de Bédée « Béziers » (Ille -et- Vilaine). Approche méthodique de la périphérie d'un établissement rural gallo-romain et étude du mobilier
Authors: Le Boulanger Françoise , Labaune Françoise , Jean Stéphane , Marguerie Dominique
Published: August 2013

The peripheral gallo-roman rural settlement at Béziers (Bédée, Ille-et- Vilaine) has been partially studied. This study has demonstrated the existence of an entrance, fencing-ditches and a part of a plot of land. Within the enclosure three buildings of varying size and architecture were discovered. Thèse were associated with internai partition ditches. Surprisingly, for a rural context, a large number of artefacts was found. Despite the long, narrow form of the expropriared land, which was under our investigation, it was still possible to retrieve a lot of information.
Un établissement rural augustéen et tibérien à la Gaubretière « La Dugerie » (Vendée)
Authors: Guillier Gérard
Published: August 2013

Les fouilles préventives liées aux travaux autoroutiers de l'A 87 (Angers - La Roche-sur-Yon), ont permis la découverte et l'analyse dans le bocage vendéen d'un petit établissement rural gallo-romain fondé sous le règne d'Auguste et abandonné vraisemblablement sous celui de Tibère. Le site est caractérisé par la présence de palissades rectilignes limitant, d'une part un espace à vocation agro-pastorale constitué d'un système d'enclos emboîtés et d'autre part une zone d'habitat où se remarquent quelques bâtiments sur poteaux.
Les monnaies antiques « exotiques » de Darun, en Nivillac (Morbihan)
Authors: Santrot Jacques , Aubin Gérard
Published: August 2013

Issues d'un médaillier d'amateur, quatre monnaies "exotiques" - un tétrobole rhodien et un statère grec du milieu et de la seconde moitié du IVe s. av. J.-C. (Amathonte/Chypre et Dyrrachion/Illyrie), un denier républicain et un cuivre ibérique de la fin du Ile s. av. J.-C. (des Sékobirikès, près de Burgos) - sont données pour avoir été trouvées à Nivillac (Morbihan), près des rives de la Vilaine. Honnis le denier républicain, rien ne permettait d'attendre la présence en haute Bretagne de ces monnaies rares, très éloignées de leur aire «normale» de diffusion. Pertes tardives ou témoignages des relations anciennes entre le monde méditerranéen et les rivages atlantiques à la faveur du commerce de l'étain ?
Deux dolmens de l'île d'Hoedic (Morbihan) : redécouvertes et surprises
Authors: Large Jean-Marc
Published: August 2013

Lors de la prospection thématique engagée sur l'île d'Hoedic (Morbihan) en 2003, nous avons pu redécouvrir et évaluer deux petits dolmens retombés dans l'oubli depuis les travaux de Z. Le Rouzic. Près de l'ancienne cabine du télégraphe, le premier site ne montrait plus que quelques blocs émergeant de la dune à l'ouest de l'île non loin de la pointe du Vieux-Château et à quelques dizaines de mètres de l'ancienne fouille des Péquart à Port-Neuf. Le seul élément en notre possession était un mauvais schéma de Z. Le Rouzic, effectué lors de sa prospection en 1924. Le site s'est avéré complexe, avec au moins une chambre dolménique comprise dans un premier parement circulaire. Cette architecture semble incluse dans un vaste tumulus d'une quarantaine de mètres de long. Le dolmen de Port-Louit, situé à proximité de la côte ouest, était perdu dans la lande d'ajoncs si présente sur l'île depuis l'abandon des pratiques agricoles. Il avait été identifié une première fois à la fin du 19e siècle par l'abbé Lavenot, recteur d'Houat, puis revu et photographié par l'équipe Le Rouzic / Péquart en 1924 et c'est grâce à Pierre Buttin que l'on a pu le retrouver. Son architecture semble liée à un alignement préexistant de blocs érigés tandis que des interventions postérieures ont profondément modifié son apparence.
Un petit habitat ouvert de l'Âge du Fer à "La Dugerie", commune de La Gaubretière (Vendée)
Authors: Guillier Gérard
Published: August 2013

Excavations prior to the construction of the A87 motorway (Angers - Cholet - La Roche-sur-Yon) caused the discovery, at «La Dugerie » on the commune of la Gaubretière (Vendée), of a small eroded settlement, datingfrom the second Iron Age and probably dedicated to agriculture.
Le quartier antique de la Grande-Boissière à Jublains (Mayenne)
Authors: Bocquet Anne , Chuniaud Kristell , Naveau Jacques , Dieudonné-Glad Nadine , Forest Vianney , Morin Sylvaine , Mortreau Maxime
Published: August 2013

Depuis le 18e siècle, de nombreux travaux ont concerné l'agglomération antique de Jublains - Nouiodunum, ancien chef-lieu des Aulerques Diablintes. En 1996, un projet communal a fourni l'occasion d'étudier un nouveau secteur de quelque 4 400 m2 dans la partie sud-est de la ville antique. Les fouilles ont livré quelques traces d'une occupation laténienne et des indices diffus de l'époque augustéenne mais la véritable urbanisation du quartier n'intervient qu'à la période tibéro-claudienne. Celle-ci est toutefois restée en suspens : réseau viaire inachevé et implantation résidentielle incomplète. Les espaces incomplètement aménagés sont occupés par des unités artisanales (forges, tannerie), avant qu'un abandon progressif du quartier n'intervienne entre la fin du IIe siècle et celle du IIIe. Une véritable réappropriation des lieux ne s'observe qu'aux VIIIe - IXe siècles. La concordance des orientations entre le bâti de cette époque et celui de l'Antiquité pose question quant à la réalité et à la nature de ce hiatus apparent de près de cinq siècles.
La verrerie de l'abbaye Saint-Guénolé à Landévennec (Finistère). Étude typo-chronologique
Authors: Le Noac'h Charlotte
Published: August 2013

Excavations at the Landévennec monastery have produced a remarkable glass assemblage. The typochronological study aims at an inventory of sources and their diversity within the quantified material. It also aims at an analysis of the distribution ofthe different glasses in the abbey and the définition of particular areas. The various phases of settlement, occupation and abandonment provide dating and a sequence for the glass used by the monks.
L'évolution de la charpente de comble en Anjou : XIIe - XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Hunot Jean-Yves
Published: August 2013

Le comble est un élément essentiel des constructions du nord-ouest de la France. Le processus d'étude présenté dans cet article a été élaboré pour enregistrer les techniques de mise en œuvre des bois et les structures obtenues. Il permet d'identifier les éventuelles reprises et réfections. Ces études sur les charpentes autorisent un meilleur choix des échantillons pour la dendrochronologie et surtout pour l'utilisation des dates obtenues. Près de quatre-vingts charpentes ont été étudiées, dont une petite moitié datée par la dendrochronologie. Cela a permis de reconstituer le processus de mise en œuvre du bois, de la forêt à la charpente finie, mais aussi d'aboutir à un schéma de l'évolution des structures du XIIe au XVIIIe siècle. Ainsi, dès la fin du XIIe siècle, l'assemblage à mi-bois est remplacé par celui à tenon et à mortaise. Quant aux fermes, après la mise en place du poinçon au XIIIe siècle, l'évolution se remarque surtout par la structure du contreventement.
Molecular assembly of amino acid interlinked, topologically symmetric, π-complementary donor–acceptor–donor triads
Authors: Avinash M B , Sandeepa K V , Govindaraju T
Published: August 2013

Amino acid interlinked pyrene and naphthalenediimide (NDI) based novel donor–acceptor–donor (D-A-D) triads are designed to exploit their topological symmetry and complementary π-character for facile charge-transfer complexation. Consequently, free-floating high-aspect-ratio supercoiled nanofibres and hierarchical helical bundles of triads are realized by modulating the chemical functionality of interlinking amino acids.
Safety and Effectiveness of 6 Months’ Etanercept Monotherapy and Combination Therapy in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Effect of Concomitant Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Koike Takao , Harigai Masayoshi , Inokuma Shigeko , Ishiguro Naoki , Ryu Junnosuke , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Tanaka Yoshiya , Yamanaka Hisashi , Hirose Tomohiro , Yoshinaga Takunari , Suzukawa Michio
Published: August 2013

Objective.

To assess real-world safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of etanercept monotherapy, etanercept plus methotrexate (MTX), or etanercept plus other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) in Japanese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite previous treatment with DMARD.

Methods.

In this 24-week, all-cases postmarketing surveillance study, adverse events (AE) were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Effectiveness was assessed every 4 weeks using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score and the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria.

Results.

Of 13,861 patients (81% women) in the analysis, 3616, 2506, and 7739, respectively, were classified into etanercept monotherapy (ETN-mono), etanercept plus DMARD other than MTX (ETN + DMARD), and etanercept plus MTX (ETN + MTX) groups. Rates of AE and serious AE (SAE) in the ETN + MTX group were lower than in other groups. Risk of SAE or serious infections was not significantly increased with higher versus lower MTX doses at baseline or with concomitant use of salazosulfapyridine or bucillamine in ETN + DMARD versus ETN-mono groups. A greater likelihood of achieving clinical remission was seen with ETN + MTX versus ETN-mono (OR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.16–1.60; p < 0.001). Higher MTX dose at baseline was associated with a higher remission rate (> 8 mg vs 0 to ≤ 4 mg, OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.07–2.00, p = 0.016; 6 to ≤ 8 mg vs 0 to ≤ 4 mg, OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.01–1.60, p = 0.038).

Conclusion.

Combination therapies with etanercept plus MTX or other DMARD were reasonably well tolerated, and ETN + MTX at higher doses was more effective than ETN-mono in Japanese patients with RA.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction — Early Cardiac Impairment in Patients with Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis: A Tissue Doppler Imaging Study
Authors: Lu Zhang , Wei Qiao , Ning Zu , Qian-Zi Zhao , Xiao-Ming Shu , Guo-Chun Wang
Published: August 2013

Objective.

To investigate early cardiac involvement in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), and to evaluate the risk factors for early cardiac impairment.

Methods.

The study population included 46 patients with PM/DM who did not have overt cardiovascular manifestations and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Traditional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were used to evaluate cardiac function in both groups. Clinical characteristics were recorded. Multivariate logistics regression analysis was applied to investigate risk factors for early cardiac impairment in patients with PM/DM.

Results.

No significant difference was found between patients and controls by traditional echocardiography. However, compared to controls, PM/DM patients had a significantly lower ratio of early diastolic mitral annulus velocity to late diastolic mitral annulus velocity (Em/Am; 1.23 ± 0.52, 1.79 ± 0.37, respectively; t = −4.485, p < 0.001) and a higher ratio of peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to Em (E/Em; 8.26 ± 2.57, 6.76 ± 1.17; t = 3.287, p < 0.05) as found by TDI measurements. There was no significant difference between the TDI variables of patients with PM and DM. The multivariate regression analysis showed that female sex (OR 11.044, 95% CI 1.066–114.357, p = 0.044), late onset (OR 1.157, 95% CI 1.047–1.278, p = 0.004), and duration of disease (OR 1.060, 95% CI 1.008–1.115, p = 0.023) were risk factors for abnormal left ventricular filling pressures.

Conclusion.

TDI is useful for detecting early cardiac impairment in patients with PM/DM. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is an early feature of cardiac involvement. Female sex, late onset, and long course of disease are 3 independent risk factors for predicting left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with PM/DM.
Cardiovascular Comorbidities of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Report from the GRAPPA 2012 Annual Meeting
Authors: Armstrong April W. , Gelfand Joel M. , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Armstrong Ehrin J.
Published: August 2013

At the 2012 annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) in Stockholm, Sweden, several GRAPPA members led a panel discussion on cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The panelists discussed the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, the possible effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors on CV comorbidities, and the effect of 12/23 monoclonal antibodies on CV outcomes. The panelists also addressed how lessons from CV comorbidity research could be applied to other areas of comorbidity research in psoriasis and PsA and identified future research directions in this area.
Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Video Project: An Update from the 2012 GRAPPA Annual Meeting
Authors: Callis Duffin Kristina , Armstrong April W. , Mease Philip J.
Published: August 2013

The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) has developed online videos intended to provide training on the most commonly used physical examination measures for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). At the 2012 GRAPPA annual meeting, attendees were updated on the development, availability, use, and validation of these video modules. To date, 1300 users from 45 different countries have used the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) module at least once. Results were presented from a recently completed study of pre- and post-video scoring of the PASI by experienced and naive physicians and patient assessors. Future modifications of the video collection were also discussed.
El valor de los méritos. Teoría y práctica política en la provisión de oficios (Quito, 1675-1700)
Authors: Ponce-Leiva Pilar
Published: August 2013

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo central insertar la venta de cargos y oficios dentro del complejo sistema de reclutamiento vigente en la Monarquía Hispánica, para así ponderar los efectos que pudo tener como mecanismo de acceso al poder. A partir de una serie de consideraciones teóricas expuestas por autores de los siglos XVI y XVII en esta materia, entre las que se observan claras diferencias tanto en su argumentación como en su finalidad, se presenta un estudio de un caso a través del cual se pone de manifiesto las diversas variables que, en la práctica, se solapaban e interactuaban en el nombramiento y promoción de los agentes de la administración.
Oficiais, cavalheiros e concorrentes: o «Brasil» nas viagens de circum-navegação do século das Luzes
Authors: Domingues Ângela
Published: August 2013

En este artículo se pretende analizar las imágenes de Brasil a través de la literatura de viajes obtenida gracias a los viajes de circunnavegación llevados a cabo en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. La manera en la que Brasil fue representada en los relatos de Cook, Byron o Bougainville y las colecciones de relatos de viaje que se difundieron gracias a estos viajes no ha sido debidamente considerada y valorada. Esta evaluación es necesaria para apreciar la importancia de la colonia Brasileña a escala global y particularmente en el Atlántico Sur, así como los juegos de poder que allí tuvieron lugar. Asimismo, en la carrera por «dominar el mundo» en la Europa del siglo XVIII, la mayor competencia se vio entre Francia e Inglaterra. En este proceso, la atención que ambos países dedicaron a Brasil a través de proyectos de anexión, además de la dominación informal, se vio reflejada en la importancia que tenían el comercio ilegal y el contrabando británico o los intereses científicos y la curiosidad. Por lo tanto, el comprender la competencia entre estos países también a nivel de literatura de viajes, producción y diseminación de información —es decir, propaganda— puede contribuir a un mejor conocimiento de lo que Brasil y Portugal realmente significaban para la Europa del siglo XVIII.

[pt] Pretende-se analisar as imagens do Brasil através da literatura de viagens produzida com as expedições de circum-navegação da segunda metade do século XVIII. O modo como o Brasil foi representado nos relatos de Cook, Byron ou Bougainville e nas colectâneas que difundiram estas viagens não foi ainda devidamente considerado e apreciado. Esta avaliação é imprescindível para perceber a importância da colónia a uma escala global, e sobretudo no Atlântico Sul e nos jogos de poder que então se desenrolavam. De igual modo, na tentativa de «dominar o mundo» ocorrida na Europa setecentista, a competição é fundamentalmente entre França e Inglaterra. Neste processo, a atenção que ambos países dão ao Brasil expressa-se em projectos de anexação, bem como na dominação informal, patente no peso que tinham o comércio ilegal e o contrabando britânicos ou o interesse e curiosidade científicos. Assim sendo, perceber a concorrência entre estes países também ao nível da literatura de viagens, da produção e disseminação da informação —e consequentemente da propaganda— pode contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do que o Brasil e Portugal significavam para a Europa setecentista.
De la palabra a la acción: Oradores, editores, abogados y conspiradores en el virreinato del Perú, 1780-1808
Authors: Ricketts Mónica
Published: August 2013

El artículo analiza la transformación de los hombres de letras en actores políticos en el virreinato del Perú durante los años 1780-1808 con el fin de contribuir a la discusión sobre la irrupción del liberalismo en el mundo hispánico. Un aspecto fundamental en este proceso, aunque menos atendido por la historiografía sobre el tema, fue la aparición de nuevos actores políticos durante la primera era liberal de las Cortes de Cádiz (1810-1814). Este no fue un hecho súbito, sino el resultado del largo proceso de reformas borbónicas, durante el cual la Corona promovió el surgimiento de un nuevo tipo de oradores, escritores y abogados, a quienes encomendó la tarea de modernizar las costumbres y la administración. Lo que la corona no alcanzó a prever es que estos mismos individuos pudieran alzar sus voces individuales en público, criticar formas de gobierno e imaginar nuevos órdenes sociales que los llevaran al poder.
Alforria, liberdade e cidadania: o problema da fundamentação legal da manumissão no Antigo Regime ibérico
Authors: Da Silva Júnior Waldomiro Lourenço
Published: August 2013

El propósito de este artículo es contribuir hacia la comprensión de los fundamentos jurídicos de la manumisión, la piedra angular de la esclavitud desarrollada en la zona atlántica ibérica. Teniendo en cuenta el orden normativo del Antiguo Régimen y recuperando algunos de los temas ya cubiertos por la historiografía, buscase avanzar analíticamente con respecto a las implicaciones de la liberación en términos de obtención de la ciudadanía y de las modalidades efectivamente establecidas por el derecho positivo.

[pt] O propósito do artigo é contribuir para o entendimento da fundamentação jurídica da manumissão, pedra angular dos regimes de escravidão desenvolvidos pelos ibéricos no espaço atlântico. Considerando a ordem normativa do Antigo Regime, pautada na cultura do direito comum, procura-se retomar certos tópicos já abordados pela historiografia, tratando de avançar com respeito às implicações da libertação em termos de obtenção da cidadania e às modalidades efetivamente compreendidas pelo direito positivo.
Las lenguas indígenas argentinas como objeto de colección. Notas acerca de los estudios lingüísticos de Samuel A. Lafone Quevedo a fines del siglo XIX
Authors: Farro Máximo
Published: August 2013

En este artículo se analizan los trabajos de clasificación de las lenguas indígenas desarrollados por Samuel Alexander Lafone Quevedo hacia fines del siglo XIX, prestando especial atención a su contexto de producción. Para ello se toman en consideración las prácticas de obtención y organización de los datos lingu..sticos, las relaciones de cooperación que estableció con corresponsales y las actividades desarrolladas en los espacios institucionales de los que formó parte.
La forma litánica en el teatro. Siglos XVI-XVIII
Authors: Fradejas José
Published: August 2013

Al igual que en el teatro griego, como afirma Rodríguez Adrados, existen en el teatro español desde su origen en el s. XV villancicos y canciones, monódicas y corales. Pero tras la discusión de si la Cántica Eya velar es lírica o teatro, no había aparecido ningún texto hasta la segunda mitad del s. XVI, en que en el Códice de autos viejos se incluye la Farsa de los lenguajes, un poema de tipo religioso que incide en la forma litánica:…
Lectura y difusión de los Libros de Séneca (a propósito de un testimonio desconocido)
Authors: Morrás María , López Casas Maria Mercé
Published: August 2013

A juzgar por el número de manuscritos conservados, a los que hay que añadir un incunable (Sevilla, Meinhard Ungut, 1491; reimpreso cuatro veces: Toledo, 1510; Alcalá de Henares, 1530; Amberes, 1548 y 1551), pocas obras gozaron de tanto éxito en el Cuatrocientos castellano como las de Séneca en la versión llevada a cabo por Alfonso de Cartagena. A la cuarentena de códices conocidos hasta ahora hay que sumar un nuevo testimonio que había permanecido hasta el momento sin identificar en los anaqueles del convento de San Francisco de Santiago de Compostela.…
Sobre la correspondencia Cuervo-Menéndez Pidal (1)
Authors: Polo José
Published: August 2013

a) Rufino José Cuervo (1844-1911) y Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869- 1968) mantuvieron una sustanciosa correspondencia científica entre 1897 y 1909, cuando el insigne filólogo colombiano residía en París (desde 1892). Repasando la edición de Femando Antonio Martínez (Bogotá, 1968 en revista; 1969 como tirada aparte) de estas cartas, se observa la gran riqueza de datos y la inteligencia de las ideas intercambiadas en torno a determinados estudios, sobre todo de Menéndez Pidal. El maestro Cuervo se hallaba más bien en la etapa final de su vida científica y, en cambio, el filólogo español se abría con fuerza extraordinaria al campo de las investigaciones históricas lingüístico-literarias con proyección internacional.…
Los orígenes del conector de todas maneras: fijación formal y pragmática
Authors: Pons Bordería Salvador , Ruiz Gurillo Leonor
Published: August 2013

En los últimos años, los estudios sobre pragmática han fijado su atención en el problema del cambio lingüístico para estudiar los procesos por los que determinados elementos léxicos de una lengua pasan a engrosar el inventario de recursos gramaticales de la misma. La teoría de la gramaticalización sugiere que, si bien para estudiar la evolución de un determinado proceso en una lengua dada se debe realizar un estudio interno, existen patrones evolutivos más generales que explican el tipo de cambio producido. El término común de gramaticalización engloba los distintos enfoques teóricos y las tendencias evolutivas observadas hasta el momento.…
Romance emergente y latinidad media
Authors: Rodón Eulalia
Published: August 2013

El valor testimonial relativo a los orígenes de los romances hispánicos aportado por la documentación medieval latina anterior al siglo XI ofrece una acusada doble perspectiva. Por una parte la presencia de rasgos correspondientes al proceso general de vulgarización de la propia lengua latina, pero también la incorporación de nuevas formas en respuesta a los condicionamientos particulares de los diferentes ámbitos territoriales y a los respectivos tiempos y modos de su recepción del latín.
Bajo este último aspecto singulares factores de interés concurrirán en los textos procedentes de las comarcas del norte peninsular pirenaico.…
Confusiones de sibilantes en el manuscrito 20241/13 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid
Authors: Montero Curiel Pilar
Published: August 2013

En este artículo se analizan las confusiones de sibilantes que esconden los folios del manuscrito 20241/13 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, firmado en 1793 por don Francisco Sánchez y Santiago, clérigo de Alburquerque (Badajoz), en respuesta al interrogatorio para el Diccionario Geográfico de España de Tomás López. Por las fechas del manuscrito y por el lugar en el que se copia, resulta interesante examinar el sistema fonológico que refleja, un sistema que muestra todos los elementos del castellano de la época y en el que, seguramente por la cercanía de Alburquerque con Portugal, se descubren casos de seseo, ultracorrecciones que tienden a evitar el seseo y enmiendas hechas sobre el mismo manuscrito, pruebas de una conciencia lingüística y un afán de perfección singulares.
Geografía lingüística del judeoespañol de acuerdo con el léxico
Authors: Quintana Aldina
Published: August 2013

La variación geográfica, la historia y el destino de catorce formas léxicas y lexemas de origen iberorrománico presentes en el sistema léxico del judeoespañol en trece comunidades sefardíes situadas en la zona de los Balcanes, en Turquía y en Israel son objeto de estudio en el presente trabajo. La distribución diatópica de cada una de ellas hace prácticamente imposible el establecimiento de grupos dialectales. Por el contrario, la lengua de cada comunidad sefardí representa una koiné, sin excepción de base castellana, surgida a partir de elementos dialectales mutuamente comprensibles llevados por sus hablantes desde sus respectivos lugares de origen. Esta afirmación es válida tanto para las primeras comunidades creadas inmediatamente después de la expulsión de 1492 por hablantes procedentes de la Península Ibérica, como para las creadas con posterioridad por hablantes procedentes ya de las propias comunidades sefardíes. Al seguir la historia de cada una de las formas léxicas y lexemas analizados, es posible establecer ciertas relaciones, p. ej., entre los centros de poder sefardí y la difusión diatópica de formas concretas, entre grupos de poder y su difusión social, etc.
Rasgos fonéticos y morfológicos de los documentos alfonsíes
Authors: Sánchez González de Herrero Mª Nieves
Published: August 2013

La finalidad de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto los rasgos fonéticos y morfológicos de un corpus de algo más de seiscientos documentos originales de la cancillería de Alfonso X, esto es, del corpus utilizado en la elaboración del Diccionario Español de Documentos Alfonsíes. Si en una primera lectura dichos documentos nos transmiten la idea de igualdad y repetición, un análisis más detallado revela ciertas diferencias, especialmente en la narratio, diferencias que no guardan relación con los diferentes notarios ni con el lugar de origen del documento sino con la zona a la que va dirigido.
Una nueva disputa entre un judío y un cristiano en un manuscrito de la Biblioteca de Palacio (s. ¿XIV?)
Authors: García Moreno Aitor
Published: August 2013

El Coloquio entre un cristiano y un judío (1370), disputa en prosa inédita cuya edición crítica tengo ultimada para publicación, constituye quizá la controversia teológica más importante escrita en castellano por su extensión y antigüedad. Estas páginas se dedican a la descripción del texto, de sus problemas de ordenación y datación, de sus contenidos y de su lengua.
Maroto, Manotera, Salmerón: aportaciones de toponimia española a propósito de la expresión de loma
Authors: Nieto Ballester Emilio
Published: August 2013

El presente artículo es un trabajo de investigación sobre toponimia y lexicología histórica que pretende llamar la atención sobre una serie de topónimos presentes en amplias zonas del territorio de España (de Badajoz a Jaén, desde Málaga a Huesca, etc.) que no había sido advertida hasta la fecha. Se trata en la totalidad de los casos de distintos derivados del sustantivo lomo, loma en su acepción orográfica de 'ondulación del terreno' del tipo lomana, lomano, lomar, lomal, lomato, etc. La unión de estos derivados a adjetivos como oto, otero permite, de esta manera, dar cuenta de topónimos opacos del tipo La Maroto, Manota, Manotera, Malotera, etc. El trabajo insiste, asimismo, en la existencia, abundante, de otras imágenes metafóricas para la expresión del concepto, como «albarda», «alforja», «salma», etc. El estudio conjunto de este campo semántico toponímico permite, a nuestro juicio, esclarecer series toponímicas hasta la fecha explicadas aisladamente.
Revisión del sistema pronominal español
Authors: Satorre Grau Francisco Javier
Published: August 2013

La finalidad de este trabajo es realizar una revisión crítica del sistema pronominal español (pronombres personales, posesivos y demostrativos), tomando como punto de partida los textos de Nebrija y de los gramáticos de los siglos XVI y XVII. La lectura de estos textos nos permite observar que, con frecuencia, la historia de la gramática es una historia de errores. Son, fundamentalmente, las conveniencias metodológicas de los gramáticos, que pretenden ofrecer unos modelos regulares, las que los obligan muchas veces a falsear la realidad de la lengua. Suele ocurrir, también, que, cuando estos autores pretenden madurar el pensamiento gramatical, desarrollando ciertas categorías o estableciendo divisiones dentro de ellas, crean errores que se perpetúan en las páginas de sus textos gramaticales. Esto es, en mi opinión, lo que ha ocurrido en el caso del pronombre. En el paso del latín al castellano se producen unos cambios en el sistema pronominal, que la tradición gramatical española ha ido describiendo, conformando unos paradigmas que exigen una revisión crítica. En este trabajo pretendo examinar esta situación y propongo una clasificación que considero coherente con la realidad lingüística.