bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Sound Classification Method Based on Two-Stream Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Fang Jingru , Yin Bo , Ji Xiaopeng , Du Zehua
Published: September 2021

Neural networks have achieved success in the task of environmental sound classification. However, the traditional neural network model has too many parameters and high computational cost. The lightweight networks solve these problems by compressing parameters, but reduce the classification accuracy. To solve the problems in existing research, we propose a two-stream model based on two lightweight convolutional neural networks, called TSLCNN-DS, which saves memory and improves the classification performance of environmental sounds. Specifically, we first used data patching and data balancing to slightly expand the amount of experimental data. Then we designed two lightweight and efficient classification networks based on the attention mechanism and residual learning. Finally, the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is used to fuse the output of the two networks, and the two-stream model is integrated. Experiments have shown that the model has achieved a classification accuracy of 97.44% on the UrbanSound8k dataset, using only 0.12 M parameters.
The Effect of Attention Process Training (APT-II) On Cognitive and Daily Life Functioning in Patients With a Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saba Marine , Rwabihama Jean-Paul , Bouvard Éric , Mettling Pascale , Sztulman Élise , Lemarié Nadège , Piolino Pascale , Blanchet Sophie
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at increased risk of developing dementia even if they do not meet the criteria for dementia. Executive control of working memory, which is implicated in divided attention, is often impaired in this population, and such impairment is a strong predictor of dementia. Slowing the development of dementia by enhancing cognitive and brain plasticity represents a current and future challenge for clinicians and researchers. Cognitive rehabilitation allows patients to compensate for cognitive deficits with the ultimate goal of reducing the impact of such deficits on everyday life. We aim to examine the effectiveness and generalization of an attention and working memory training program (Attention Process Training or APT-II) in improving cognitive and everyday functioning in patients with MCI by means of a single-blind, randomized controlled trial.Methods. Twenty-two MCI patients will be randomly assigned to either a "Cognitive Training with APT-II" group or a "Standard Care" group. Initially, patients will be administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests to ensure that they meet MCI criteria. The intervention will consist of a cognitive training program (APT-II) and will last 8 weeks (two sessions per week). One of the strengths of APT-II training is that it emphasizes the transfer of cognitive gains from training sessions to everyday life. To evaluate the treatment's effectiveness in improving cognitive and daily life functioning, cognitive and functional outcomes will be assessed just before, immediately after, 3 months after, and 6 months after the intervention program. A divided attention memory task performed in virtual reality will also be administered to evaluate the effects of APT-II training on the management of attentional resources in a relatively ecological situation. Perspective. If our results indicate an improvement in the cognitive and daily life performance of older adults with MCI, this non-invasive, low-cost technique may deserve increased consideration as a therapeutic intervention to delay or reverse cognitive decline an diminish the risk of developing dementia in this population.Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04606953, Registered on 28 October 2020.
Differentiated appendages in Isoxys illuminate origin of arthropodization
Authors: Zhang Caixia , Liu Yu , Ortega-Hernández Javier , Wolfe Joanna , Jin Changfei , Mai Huijuan , Hou Xian-guang , Guo Jin , Zhai Dayou
Published: September 2021

The Cambrian fossil record has produced remarkable insights into the origin of euarthropods, particularly the evolution of their versatile body plan of segments bearing specialized, jointed appendages for different functions including feeding and locomotion [01, 02]. Early euarthropod evolution involved a major transition from lobopodian-like taxa [03, 04, 05] to organisms featuring a fully sclerotized trunk (arthrodization) and limbs (arthropodization) [02, 06, 07, 08]. However, the precise origin of arthropodization remains controversial because some of the earliest branching euarthropods possess a broad dorsal carapace that obscures critical details of the trunk and appendage organization [09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. Here, we demonstrate the presence of fully arthropodized ventral appendages in the upper stem-group euarthropod Isoxys curvirostratus from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota in South China. Micro-computed tomography reveals the detailed three-dimensional structure of the biramous appendages in I. curvirostratus for the first time. In addition to the raptorial frontal appendages I. curvirostratus also possesses two batches of morphologically distinct biramous limbs, with the first batch consisting of four pairs of short cephalic appendages bearing prominent endites with a feeding function, followed by a second batch of elongate trunk appendages for locomotion. Each biramous limb bears an endopod with more than 12 well-defined podomeres, and an exopod consisting of a slender shaft carrying approximately a dozen paddle-shaped lamellae. Our findings clarify the enigmatic appendicular organization of Isoxys, one of the most ubiquitous euarthropods in Cambrian Burgess Shale-type deposits worldwide [01, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. Critically, our new material shows that the trunk of I. curvirostratus was not arthrodized. The phylogenetic position of isoxyiids as possibly the earliest branching members of Deuteropoda [01, 02, 07, 15, 19], suggests that arthropodized biramous appendages evolved before the pattern of full trunk arthrodization that characterizes most extant and extinct members of this successful animal phylum.
Waning of IgG, total and neutralizing antibodies 6 months post-vaccination with BNT162b2 in healthcare workers
Authors: Bayart Jean-Louis , Douxfils Jonathan , Gillot Constant , David Clara , Mullier François , Elsen Marc , Eucher Christine , Eeckhoudt Sandrine Van , Roy Tatiana , Gerin Vincent , Wieers Grégoire , Laurent Christine , Closset Mélanie , Dogné Jean-Michel , Favresse Julien
Published: September 2021

Data about the duration of humoral response following COVID-19 vaccines are mandatory to establish appropriate population vaccination strategy. This study reports on the antibody decline observed in a population of COVID-19 naïve and COVID-19 positive individuals having received the two dose regimen of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Six months after vaccination, a significant antibody decline was observed in both COVID-19 naïve and positive individuals. The estimated half-life of total and IgG antibodies differs and ranges from several months for total antibodies to only several weeks for IgG antibodies, explaining the significant proportions of participants with non-detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies at 6 months. Whether this decrease correlates with an equivalent drop in the clinical effectiveness against the virus will require appropriate clinical studies. Nevertheless, these data are already important to support the decision-making on the potential use of a booster dose.
Manufacturing Process of Carbon Short Fiber Reinforced Al Matrix With Preformless and Their Properties
Authors: Choi Yongbum , Meng Xuan , Xu ZheFeng
Published: September 2021

Conventional manufacturing process of fiber reinforced metal matrix composites via liquid infiltration processes, preform manufacturing using inorganic binders is essential. However, the procedure involves binder sintering, which requires high energy and long operating times. A new fabrication process without preform manufacturing is proposed to fabricate carbon short fiber (CSF)-reinforced aluminum matrix composites using a low-pressure infiltration method. To improve the wettability and avoid interfacial reactions in CSF/Al matrix composites, the fibers were plated with copper using electroless plating process. Various volume fractions of CSFs were used to determine optimum fiber content which would produce versatile mechanical and thermal properties. Effect of CSFs content on properties such as Vickers hardness and thermal conductivity was studied. Cu-plated CSFs showed good bonding with the Al matrix and CSFs were randomly dispersed inside the composites, with CSF content of up to 29.1 vol.%, through the new manufacturing process. It showed better fiber distribution than the composite fabricated perform with SiO2 binder, which was determined by comparing the relative frequency distribution of CSFs in composites. Vickers hardness of the composites showed an obvious improvement over that of the Al matrix, and the hardness increased as the CSF content increased. The Cu-plated CSF (14.3 vol.%) reinforced Al matrix composite exhibited the highest thermal conductivity (184.1 W·m-1·K-1). However, the thermal conductivity decreased as CSF content increased to 29.1 vol.% due to the defects in composite.
Triple Targeting of Human IMPDH and Both RdRps of SARS-CoV-2 and Rhizopus Oryzae: An in Silico Perspective
Authors: Hassan Abdel_moniem S , Elfiky Abdo A , Elgohary Alaa
Published: September 2021

Mucormycosis has been reported in many regions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections during the past few months. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a crucial protein target in viral and fungal pathogens. Molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) is utilized to test nucleotide-based inhibitors against the RdRps of SARS-CoV-2 solved structure and Rhizopus oryzae RdRp model built in silico. Additionally, the human Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) was targeted by the same inhibitors. The results reveal a comparable binding affinity of four nucleotide derivatives compared to remdesivir and sofosbuvir against both IMPDH and the RdRps of SARS-CoV-2 and Rhizopus oryzae, the main causing agent of mucormycosis. The binding affinities are calculated using different conformations of the RdRps after 100 ns MDS and trajectories clustering. The present study suggests the triple inhibition potential of four nucleotide inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 & R. oryzae RdRps and the human IMPDH, while experimental validation is yet to be performed.
Deep Learning Features Encode Interpretable Morphologies within Histological Images
Authors: pour Ali Foroughi , White Brian , Park Jonghanne , Sheridan Todd , Chuang Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are revolutionizing digital pathology by enabling machine learning-based classification of a variety of phenotypes from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) whole slide images (WSIs), but the interpretation of CNNs remains difficult. Most studies have considered interpretability in a post hoc fashion, e.g. by presenting example regions with strongly predicted class labels. However, such an approach does not explain the biological features that contribute to correct predictions. To address this problem, here we investigate the interpretability of H&E-derived CNN features (the feature weights in the final layer of a transfer-learning-based architecture), which we show can be construed as abstract morphological genes (“mones”) with strong independent associations to biological phenotypes. We observe that many mones are specific to individual cancer types, while others are found in multiple cancers especially from related tissue types. We also observe that mone-mone correlations are strong and robustly preserved across related cancers. Importantly, linear mone-based classifiers can very accurately separate 38 distinct classes (19 tumor types and their adjacent normals, AUC=97.1%±2.8% for each class prediction), and linear classifiers are also highly effective for universal tumor detection (AUC=99.2%±0.12%). This linearity provides evidence that individual mones or correlated mone clusters may be associated with interpretable histopathological features or other patient characteristics. In particular, the statistical similarity of mones to gene expression values allows integrative mone analysis via expression-based bioinformatics approaches. We observe strong correlations between individual mones and individual gene expression values, notably mones associated with collagen gene expression in ovarian cancer. Mone-expression comparisons also indicate that immunoglobulin expression can be identified using mones in colon adenocarcinoma and that immune activity can be identified across multiple cancer types, and we verify these findings by expert histopathological review. Our work demonstrates that mones provide a morphological H&E decomposition that can be effectively associated with diverse phenotypes, analogous to the interpretability of transcription via gene expression values.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Cultellus attenuatus and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Li Haikun , Yu Ruihai , Ma Peizhen , Li Chunhua
Published: September 2021

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cultellus attenuates, a new aquaculture species, was sequenced and compared with mitogenomes from seven species of Heterodonta bivalve mollusk in the gene bank. The mitochondrial genome of C. attenuatus is 16888bp in length and contains 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 22 transfer RNAs, and all genes are encoded on the same strand. In comparison with C. attenuates, the mitochondrial genes of the Sinonovacula constricta from the same family were not rearranged, but those of six other species from different family were rearranged to different degrees. The largest non-coding region of C. attenuatus is 1173bp in length and with the A + T content of 68.24%, located between nad2 and trnK. The results of phylogenetic analysis show that the C. attenuates and the S. constricta belonging to Cultellidae cluster into one branch while two species of Solenidae ( Solen grandis and Solen strictus) are clustering as their sister taxon. These data not only contribute to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationship of the Heterodonta, but also serve as a resource for the development of the genetic markers in aquaculture.
Performance Evaluation of Precoding Schemes for Multi User Massive MIMO System Over Nakagami-m Fading Channel
Authors: Meko Sultan.F Feisso , Tulu Muluneh Mekonnen , Bashu Terefe Bahiru
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, wireless communication system plays great roles in our dailyactivities and different improvements are requiring because the number of users increase from time to time. At the same time, users need high throughput and link reliability. The forthcoming generation of wireless communication will have to deal with some core requirements for serving large number of users simultaneously, upholdinghigh throughput for each user, assuring less energy consumption, etc. Inter-user interference has a major impact when a wireless communication link has a large number

of users. To maintain a particular desired quality of service, sophisticated transmission mechanisms such as interference cancellation need be implemented. As a result, MU-massive MIMO with extremely huge antenna arrays is recommended. The term ”MU-massive MIMO” refers to a system with hundreds or thousands of antennas servicing tens of thousands of customers.Inter-user interference was greatly decreased once the channel vectors were closely orthogonal. As a result, high data rates can be supplied to multiple users at the same time. In this work, researcher investigated performance evaluation of a MU-massive MIMO utilizing different precoding schemes (like, MMSE, ZF, MRT) over nakagami-m fading channel with CSI at base station and users’ terminal. In addition, the researcher analyzed the outcome of pilot reuse factors and shaping (m) parameter.
CIPLUKAN (PHYSALIS ANGULATA LINN.) EXTRACT AS A NATURAL ADJUVANT REMEDIES FOR SCLERODERMA
Authors: Rini Lintang Unggul
Published: September 2021

Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis is a rare connective tissue autoimmune disorder.1 Its prevalence in Indonesia is not well recorded but scleroderma is listed as the third most common disease in rheumatology outpatient clinic in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.2,3 Scleroderma is characterized by skin fibrosis, small vessel vasculopathy, and immune system abnormality. The cutaneous lesion of scleroderma is presenting with excessive collagen type-1 production and deposition, as well as exaggerated inflammatory process. There is no specific diagnosis test is available, but in most cases, there are some laboratory findings which support the diagnosis of scleroderma, such as elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), B lymphocyte stimulator (BAFF), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Soluble Cd40 Ligand (sCD40L), and Procollagen Type-1 N-Terminal Propeptide (P1NP).3-6

The treatment of this autoimmune disease remains a challenge for clinicians. The current treatment for scleroderma is expensive and some side effects as well as drug resistance are reported. Some new medicines are still under research, not accessible, and too expensive for most Indonesian communities. Hence, new therapeutic options are constantly sought.7

Ciplukan herb (Physalis angulate Linn) is a medicinal plant which grows in Indonesia. It has been known for its efficacy and safety as long-term anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenesis agent.7 Dewi et al conducted a double â€“blind, randomized clinical trial using ciplukan herb extract as an adjuvant treatment for scleroderma. The clinical trial was performed in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia for 2 years. There are 59 scleroderma patients, age 15-60 years old, had stable treatment for at least 3 months, who randomly divided into treatment group (29 people) and control group (30 people). The treatment group received 250 mg ciplukan herb extract three times a day and the control group received 250 mg amylum three times a day for 12 weeks. A 35,9% skin thickness reduction was found in treatment group. It is greater than control group which only gained 6,3% reduction (p
MEDIAL PATELLOFEMORAL LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION FOR NEGLECTED PATELLAR DISLOCATION POST TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors:   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahad Hospital Jeddah, KSA., Mukhtar Alshanqiti Bushra , Attar Fahad ,   Consultant Orthopedic and Knee Reconstruction Surgery, International Medical Center Jeddah, KSA.
Published: September 2021

Patellar dislocation is considered to be an infrequent complication post total knee arthroplasty, however identifying the exact underlying pathology that led to this condition is critical, rupture medial structure could result inpatellar subluxation or permanent dislocation. We present this case report of medial patellofemoral ligament rapture reconstruction that was done to treat this unfortunate event of chronic patellar permanent dislocation following total knee arthroplasty that was neglected for four months after sustaining a twisting injury.
INTRASCROTALEXTRATESTICULARNEUROFIBROMA:A RARECASEREPORT
Authors: Shivaji Thorat Abhijeet , Khachane Tushar
Published: September 2021

Neurofibromaisabenigntumorofthenervesheath,whichisconsideredtooriginatefromtheSchwanncells.Sinceneuraltissuesarefoundthroughoutthebodythesetumorscanoccurinavarietyofsites.Intrascrotalextratesticularlocalizationofneurofibromashavebeenreported extremelyrarelyintheliterature (2).A 77-year-old man admitted to our ruralhospitalwithatwelveyearhistoryofgraduallyenlargingmassandscrotaldiscomfortintherighthemiscrotum.Withapreoperativediagnosisoftesticularorparatesticulartumor,explorationdoneandsentforHPE.Thepathologicaldiagnosisofthelesionwasneurofibromaoftheparatesticularregion.Althougharelativelyraredisease,intrascrotalextratesticularneurofibromashouldbeconsideredinthedifferentialdiagnosisoftesticularandparatesticularmalignanttumors.
Nutritional and biomass aspects of Helianthus annuus according to boron application in the soil
Authors: Andrade Aline Franciel de , Viçosi Karen Andreon , Bueno Amanda Magalhães , Flores Rilner Alves , Santos Carlos Leandro Rodrigues dos , Santos Glenio Guimarães , Mesquita Marcio
Published: September 2021

Sunflower is considered highly demanding in boron (B); however, it has low efficiency in using this micronutrient. An experiment under protected cultivation was carried out to evaluate the effects of boron fertilization on nutrition and sunflower biomass production (Helianthus annuus). A completely randomized design with four replications was used. Five boron doses: 0 (Control), 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg ha-1, were applied to the soil using boric acid as the source. Biometric assessments, measurements of the relative chlorophyll index (RCI), production of dry biomass and the boron use efficiency by plants were carried out. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and F test (p<0.05), with polynomial regression analysis when significant. Leaf area, RCI evaluated at 15 and 60 days, and biomass increase linearly according to the boron application up to the dose of 4 kg ha-1, which corresponds to an increase of 31, 12, 14, and 61%, respectively, compared to control treatment. However, for plant height and nutritional efficiency, the best results were obtained with the dose of 2.64 kg ha-1 of B, with a decrease in higher doses. Boron fertilization in sunflower crop positively influences the nutritional and growth aspects of plants. In general, the application of up to 3 kg ha-1 of B in soils with low natural content increases the crop yield, without phytotoxicity aspects caused by the nutrient
İŞ HUKUKUNDA ZORUNLU ARABULUCULUĞUN TAKİP HUKUKUNA ETKİLERİ
Authors: KILINÇ Elif
Published: September 2021

7036 Sayılı İş Mahkemeleri Kanunu ile daha önce ihtiyari nitelikte olan arabuluculuk, belirli iş uyuşmazlıkları için zorunlu hale getirilmiştir. Bu Kanunla yapılan düzenlemeye göre kanuna veya bireysel yada toplu iş sözleşmesine dayanan işçi veya işveren alacağı ve tazminatına ilişkin açılan davalarda arabuluculuğun dava şartı olduğu düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre iş sözleşmesinden kaynaklanan bir alacağı tahsil etmek isteyen taraf arabulucuya başvurmaksızın dava açma yoluna başvuramayacaktır. Arabuluculuk yolunun iş uyuşmazlıklarında dava şartı olarak düzenlenmesi neticesinde bu alacaklara ilişkin olarak icra ve iflas takip yollarına başvurulup başvurulamayacağı veya takip hukukuna ilişkin birtakım davaların açılıp açılamayacağı sorusu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmamızda ilk olarak arabuluculuğa başvurmadan önce alacaklının ilamsız icra, ilamlı icra ve iflas takip yollarına başvurma olanağı bulunup bulunmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Ek olarak bu takip yollarında açılan ve takibin devametmesi amacına hizmet eden itirazın kaldırılması talebi, ,itirazın iptali davası, menfi tespit davası, istirdat davası ve iflas davası gibi takip hukukuna ilişkin davaların açılıp açılamayacağı konuları incelenmiştir
WHAT CAN BE DONE WITH TREATMENT OF ATTENTION DEFICITS IN PERSONS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS?
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Serbiaa, Maćešić-Petrovića Dragana , Žigića Vesna ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Serbia, Kovačevića Jasmina ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Serbia, Jačovab Zora ,   University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Republic of Macedonia
Published: September 2021

The paper focuses the quallity of attention processes in children with visual impairments on special educational, rehabilitational and medical treatment. The subjects of research were 52 examinees from the School for children with visual impairments in Belgrade. In the sample were present 25% of the legally blind children and 75.0% of blind children. The quallity of attention wass estimated by Cancellation test (adapted version which comprise items with geometrical objects). The results of research point out the suxssess of the tested sample on the implemented instrument. Complex, pervasive chronically disturbances such as attention disability with or without hyperactivity at the population with visual impairments need complex oriented team approach in applied treatment such as multidisciplinary team work with special education treatment and medication therapy (psyhostimulanses i atomoxetin) same as multimodal oriented treatment approach.
VIEWS OF FOSTERCHILDREN ABOUT CONTACTS WITH PARENTS AND RELATIVES
Authors:   Center for Foster Care and Adoption Belgrade, counselor and implementator of educational programs for foster parents, Skrobić Ljiljana
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the results of research on the views of children about contacts with their birth parents and relatives. The views of children are seen through their experience in contacts and the wishes of children that relate to future contacts. The results show that children in foster care have positive attitude to the contacts and that no child wants to terminate the contacts maintained with the parents and relatives. A number of children want a greater number of contacts, or to establish contact with persons with whom there is no actual contact. Also, most of the children had the opportunity to participate in the planning and realization of contacts and the children who participated recognize their participation as an important issue.
FRAMEWORK FOCAL CONTACTS IN EUROPEAN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND EUROPEAN UNION PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors:   Ministry of internal affairs, Bosnia-Podrinjski Canton, Nijaz Musić
Published: September 2021

The paper describes the role and representation of framework focus contacts in private international law, and their function in collision regulation on determining the binding law in private law with an element of foreignness.The introduction provides a brief overview on the division of focus contacts and their representation in collision regulations in the contemporary private international law. It also lays out various solutions for the application of collision regulations in national legislations in certain European countries, such as: Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Italy, Macedonia, Slovenia, as well as the solutions offered by the European Union regulations and international conventions.
URBAN PRIMACY IN URBAN SYSTEM OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ITS CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors:   Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China, J. Faraji Seyed , Qingping Zhang ,   Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China, Valinoori Saman ,   Faculty of Geography and urban planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran, Komijani Mohamad ,   Faculty of Geography and urban planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Published: September 2021

In the current world, cities have become the main arms of the actuator in the movement of social system of human communities. Nevertheless, urban systems in developing countries, despite the vast potentials, are faced with serious problems such as rapid urbanization, constant migration of rural people to cities, and concentration of population and activities in one or two cities, or, in other words, urban macrocephaly. Despite the primacy or dominance of one city in some developed countries, we do not observe clear negative features of urban primacy; on the other hand, although it is not evident in all countries of the developing world, there are evident features of urban systems in most of these countries. This paper aims to identify and understand the formation of the phenomenon of urban primacy in developing countries. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical and is based on document studies and the results of different urban projects in different area of the developing world and it is responding to these questions about the background and causes of the formation of urban primacy in these countries and its consequences of this phenomenon which led this conclusion that this phenomenon should be analyzed from different dimensions of economic, social, cultural, historical, and political and lastly its causes and consequences should be observed with regard to these dimensions.
Development and validation of a method for isolating stavudine from biological fluids
Authors: Borodina Daria A. , Gonchikova Yulia A. , Illarionova Elena A. , Mitina Anastasia E.
Published: September 2021

Objective - study of isolating Stavudine from biological fluids (urine, blood plasma). Materials and methods. Objects of research: substance and tablets of 30 mg Stavudine. Reagents: purified water, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ether, heptane, toluene, acetone, 95% ethyl alcohol, 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution, 10% ammonium hydroxide solution, 5%solutions of sodium sulfate, 20%sodium sulfate saturated, sodium chloride, sodium chloride saturated, 20%ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate saturated. Universal ionomer IT-1101. Stavudine was isolated by liquid-liquid extraction. To detect and quantify Stavudine, thin - layer sorbent chromatography (TLC) and UV spectrophotometry were used. Statistical data processing was performed using the software package for Windows XP (Microsoft Excel), and using the Student's t-test. Results. When using thin-layer chromatography to identify Stavudine, it was found that the Rf value of the spots of Stavudine extracts from biological material corresponded to the Rf value range of 0.67-0.69. The Rf spot value of the standard Stavudine witness sample corresponded to (0.68±0.01). The stability study showed that the Stavudine solution is stable in a hydrochloric acid solution of 0.1 M, in which the absorption spectrum of Stavudine is characterized by absorption maxima at wavelengths of 209±1 and 267±1 nm. The wavelength of 267±1 nm was chosen as the analytical wavelength for the quantitative determination of Stavudine. In the course of the study, various factors affecting the degree of extraction of Stavudine from aqueous solutions were studied. The extractant is ethyl acetate, pH 3, the electrolyte is a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate. The extraction time is 7 minutes, twice. Conclusion. Methods of identification and quantitative determination of Stavudine in extracts from urine and blood plasma by TLC and UV spectrophotometry have been developed. Methods of isolation of Stavudine from urine and blood plasma using the liquid-liquid extraction method have been developed (93.33±2.02%; 89.77±2.02% respectively).
Modern Chinese Fiction (1919–1949) in Russia: Early Translation, Publication and Research
Authors:   Sun Yat-sen University, She Xiaoling , Wen Jian ,   Nanchang University
Published: September 2021

The article provides an overview of early Russian translations and publication of modern Chinese fiction (1919-1949). The approaches to the early study of the works of prominent representatives of modern Chinese literature are examined and the reasons why Soviet society is interested in their heritage are identified. Since the 1920s, well-known works of renowned Chinese writers have been frequently translated into Russian mainly by young sinologists. Most of them had been to China and had developed a direct understanding of the development of modern Chinese literature, translating primarily from Chinese and using English translations for various reasons occasionally. The Chinese and Soviet cultural activists also played an important role in the spread of modern Chinese prose in the USSR. At the same time, a serious study of modern Chinese prose began, and until the end of the 1940s was actually at the initial stage, being mainly of a socio-political nature as the study was determined by the state of the ideological atmosphere in Soviet society. Early researchers paid the most attention to the works of Lu Xun, referring to his ideological outlook and artistic merits. Overall, the early translation and study of modern Chinese fiction revealed to the Soviet reader the ideological and social aspects of the works of modern novelists belonging to the left flank of Chinese literature, and laid the foundation for more extensive and in-depth research of modern Chinese literature during the next phase.
Difficulties in Translating Concepts that Denote Objects and Phenomena of Material Culture of Central Asian Peoples, and the Principles of Overcoming Them (on the Example of the Translation of V. G. Yan’s Novel “Genghis Khan” from Russian into Chinese)
Authors:   Shanghai International Studies University, Wu Airong , Liu Kun ,   Petro China Ruifei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Published: September 2021

The concept of national-oriented translation as a part of the cultural translation theory becomes most relevant during the translation of fiction books into languages where the native speakers’ cultural context is far from what is narrated in the text of the translated work. The problem may be even more complicated if the language of the translated work is not the language of the described culture. This problem is exemplified by the Chinese translation of V. G. Yan’s novel “Genghis Khan”, which was written in Russian and depicts the complexity of socio-cultural processes in Central Asia during the 13th century. The description of the most important elements of material culture presented in the novel reflects the diversity of the material culture of the peoples of Central Asia. The article analyzes typical errors and inaccuracies in the translation of concepts that denote objects of material culture of Central Asian peoples. The authors attempt to identify the causes of translation errors: translator errors that arose due to differences in the semantic systems of the Russian and Chinese languages, as well as errors related to cultural differences between the peoples of Central Asia and China. The methodological basis of the research is Yuri Naida’s concept of dynamic equivalence as well as the principles of functional equivalence of the original and translated texts proposed by L. K. Latyshev. The source of material for the comparative analysis is the translation of the novel “Genghis Khan” into Chinese by Chen Hongfa. As a result of the analysis of errors and generalization of theoretical provisions, the authors propose three translation principles in order to avoid errors in the translation of names for objects of material culture, namely: the principles of “Double definition”, “Semantic correspondence” and “Addition of translation by explaining the connotative meaning of the word”. Adherence to these principles will allow translators to bring the translated text closer to the original text in both functional and communicative as well as semantic and structural ways.
Russia and Saudi Arabia: Partnership and Common Interests
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Fazelyanov Envarbik M.
Published: September 2021

There have been important changes in the development of political and economic relations between the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), during which qualitatively new horizons of cooperation have been outlined. The turn of Russia and Saudi Arabia towards each other was, apparently, the result of political will and a rethinking of the role and place of Moscow and Riyadh at the global and regional levels. One of the significant features of these changes was the launch of mechanisms for cooperation in the energy sector, which was practically not considered during the Soviet Union, nor in the 1990s after the collapse of the USSR. There were several attempts to align positions in the energy sector. Energy ties were intensified because of official bilateral contacts at the highest level. During Vladimir Putin’s state visit to the KSA in October 2019, the Russian-Saudi Economic Council (RSEC) was established. It includes the heads of major companies in both countries. RSEC has become one of the most important mechanisms for coordinating investment cooperation. It focuses on large-scale joint projects, including localization of production in the KSA and support for Russian companies to enter the country’s market.
Museum of Classical Archeology of the 19th-century Imperial Academy of Sciences: The history of organizing and transferring collections to the Imperial Hermitage
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Khartanovich Margarita F. , Khartanovich Maria V. ,   Scientific-Research Museum of the Russian Academy of Arts
Published: September 2021

The Museum of Classical Archeology of the Imperial Academy of Sciences is the successor to the 18th-century Kunstkamera of the Academy of Sciences in term of collections of classical antiquities. This article discusses in detail the stages of development of the Museum of Classical Archaeology as an institution within the structure of the Academy of Sciences through the Cabinet of Medals and Rarities, Numismatic Museum, and the Museum of Classical Archaeology. The fund of the museum consisted of ancient Greek and Roman coins, ancient Russian coins, coins from oriental cultures, ancient Greek vases, antiquities from ornamental stone, glass, precious metals, impressions of medals and coins, items from archaeological excavations and treasures, manuscripts, drawings of objects and photographs. Special attention is paid to the correlation of the possibilities of museum collections of the Academy of Sciences and the Imperial Hermitage in terms of storage, exhibition, research, and promotion of archaeological collections in the second half of the 19th century. The reasons for the very active transfer of the Academy of Sciences’ archaeological collections to the Hermitage in the 19th century and the types of compensation received by the Academy for the collections are discussed. The first archaeological collections donated from the Academy of Sciences to the Hermitage on the initiative of the chairman of the Imperial Archaeological Commission S. G. Stroganov were the “Siberian collection” of Peter I and the Melgunov treasure. The collection of the Museum of Classical Archeology also attracted the attention of art critic I. V. Tsvetaev when arranging funds for the new Museum of Fine Arts at Moscow University. The article introduces into scientific circulation archival documents, showing the state of the museum work in the 19th century in the institution of the Academy of Sciences, documents depicting the structure of the Museum of Classical Archaeology, and the composition of collections.
Museums of the Soviet Belarus during the Khrushchev’s ‘Thaw’ (1953–1968)
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Huzhalouski Alexander A.
Published: September 2021

The historical perspective allows us to take a fresh look at a complex and contradictory period in the development of museum affairs in the USSR, which entered into historiography under the name of Khrushchev’s ‘thaw’. Using archival sources that are part of the Ministry of Culture of the Byelorussian SSR record, published statistical data, as well as periodicals, the article attempts to show the growth of the museum network in the BSSR and trace the process of its profile differentiation and museum branch development during this period. Using the specified source base, an analysis of state policy and public initiatives in the field of museum work was carried out. The public discussion of the early 1960s on the role of an artist in the process of museum display design is considered. While listing and analysing museum innovations during the ‘thaw’, the author pays special attention to the legalization of the activities of Belarusian private collectors. The emergence of museum architecture as a material embodiment of socio-cultural ideas about the museum is considered separately. The transformation of Belarusian museums into a subject of international relations in 1953–1968 is presented as an important new trend in their development. Appreciating the positive changes in the life of museums during the ‘thaw’ period, the author points out that it was in those years that the subordination of all activities of Belarusian museums to the tasks of glorifying Soviet society at the expense of other historical periods was finally established at the normative level. All areas of museum activities were filled with ideological content, which reflected the general cultural policy, invariably pursued by the party leadership. The article significantly expands the museological interpretation of the ‘thaw’ era and its role in the expansion, democratization, and professionalization of museum activities.
Porcelain interior plastic of the 1950s in museums and private collections in China
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Wang Yu , Liao Zhengding ,   Jiangxi Pedagogical University
Published: September 2021

In the two decades since the establishment of the people’s Republic of China, the challenges facing porcelain production have changed significantly. Porcelain production is one of the most important and oldest traditions in China. In the 1950s, porcelain craftsmen became involved in the creation of new forms of interior plastics. Many of the pieces they created are now part of museum collections and represent the history of the development of Chinese interior porcelain. Using the example of three museums and three reference monuments, the article examines the key trends in the development of porcelain art and stylistic changes that occurred during this period. The following museums have been selected as examples to showcase the specifics of Chinese porcelain art from this period: the China Ceramic and Porcelain Museum located in Jingdezhen City, which is the country’s first major art museum specializing in ceramics; the Chinese Fine Arts Museum in Beijing, which specializes in collecting, researching and displaying works of Chinese artists of modern and contemporary eras; and the Guangdong Folk Art Museum, which specializes in collecting, researching and displaying Chinese folk art. All of these museums are engaged in collecting porcelain, including interior porcelain plastics from the mid-20th century. In the collections of the aforementioned museums, three works were selected for analysis. These are three paired compositions created in the second half of the 1950s: the sculpture “An Old Man and a Child with a Peach” by Zeng Longsheng, “Good Aunt from the Commune” by Zhou Guozhen and “Fifteen coins. The rat case” by Lin Hongxi. These porcelain compositions reveal close relations with Chinese national culture and not only reflect various scenes, but are also aimed at expanding the role of porcelain in decorating residential interiors.
The unfulfilled museum collection of works by G. S.Vereiskiy: The artist’s autobiography as a key to his creative heritage
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Vakhromeeva Oksana B.
Published: September 2021

In 2021, the 135th anniversary of George Semenovich Vereiskiy (1886–1962) was celebrated. Vereiskiy was a talented, methodical, and self-disciplined artist who focused on the subject of his work. He was a member of the “World of Art” association, curator of the State Hermitage’s Department of Engravings, teacher of painting, laureate of the second degree of the Stalin Prize (1946), People’s Artist of the RSFSR (1962), honored worker of the arts, and member of the Academy of Arts. Vereiskiy was involved in various forms of art, especially drawing and painting. He worked in many genres (portrait, landscape, interior, still life, residential and industrial genres). In his drawings and lithographs in the 1920–30s, he was a pioneer of industrial themes. The main source of his work was love for Russian nature (his landscapes are imbued with a soft lyricism). His clarity of perception of the surrounding reality and high civil position enabled him to make the most important aspect of art — a portrait. Without exaggeration, it can be argued that Vereiskiy for more than half a century created a large portrait gallery of his contemporaries, from science and artists to the Knights of St. George from the First World War and military officials of World War II (1941–1945). Vereiskiy’s artistic heritage is very extensive and it is still waiting for its explorer. This article was created in order to establish a precursor for the study of the artist’s creative heritage, fragmentarily concentrated in a number of museum collections, which are discussed below. The reference point to the artist’s creative heritage is his autobiography, which the article introduces into scientific circulation for the first time.
ACUTE EFFECT OF KINESIOTAPE APPLICATION ON SHOULDER MUSCLE STRENGTH IN MALE WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: ÜNÜVAR Bayram Sönmez , SANİOĞLU Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This research aims to determine the effect of kinesiotaping application on wheelchair basketball players’ shoulders.

Methods: A total of twelve wheelchair basketball players from TSK Karagücü team were involved in this research. The average age of the subjects was 31.17±7.90 years and mean body mass index was 25.41±6.96 kg/cm2. Subjects were assessed before and after combined kinesiotape application on deltoideus muscle. Muscle facilitation technique was applied to deltoideus muscle. Isokinetic parameters of the subjects’ shoulder joints were measured with Cybex NORM isokinetic dynamometer. It was taken the dominant shoulders' flexion and abduction movements into consideration for the isokinetic measurements. Measurements were repeated before and after kinesiotape applications. In isokinetic measurement, 5 repetitions at 60°/sec and 10 repetitions at 180°/sec for shoulder's muscle strength were performed. Peak torques and total works were calculated. In statistical analyses of the data, SPSS for Windows 25.0 packet program was used. Wilcoxon Test was performed in the pretest and posttest comparisons. The results were evaluated in 0.05 precision.

Results: After the evaluation of the study, an increase of the peak torques, and total works have been found out of all the players’ dominant and non-dominant shoulders’ flexions and abductions at 60o/sec and 180o/sec in favor of the kinesiotaping application (p
ADDUCTOR SQUEEZE STRENGTH AND FUNCTIONAL LEVEL IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES WITH ADDUCTOR RELATED GROIN PAIN
Authors: ÜNÜVAR Ezgi , AKINOĞLU Bihter , KOCAHAN Tuğba , GUNEY DENİZ Hande
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare adductor squeeze strength and functional levels of adolescent athletes having adductor related groin pain (ARGP) with asymptomatic controls.

Methods: A total of 52 adolescent athletes (26 in ARGP group; 26 in healthy control group) were included in the study. Visual Analog Scale was used for pain levels. Stabilizer was used to evaluate the adductor squeeze strength. Hip Outcome Score (HOS) was used to determine functional levels.

Results: Demographic characteristics were similar between groups (p> 0.05). Adductor squeeze strength were lower in ARGP group when compared to controls (p