bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-service teachers’ perception of Teaching Games for Understanding: A Hong Kong perspective
Authors: Lijuan Wang Carrie , Ha Amy
Published: July 2010

This study aims to examine pre-service physical education (PE) teachers’ perception of Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) in Hong Kong. Adopting a qualitative approach, 20 pre-service PE teachers (F = 8, M = 12) were recruited for individual semi-structured interviews. Most pre-service teachers responded that TGfU is beneficial for students because of its tendency to enhance students’ engagement, stimulate their thinking and include students with varying skill levels. However, difficulties in understanding the nature and implementation of TGfU have been encountered. The results indicate that the majority of pre-service teachers are likely to use TGfU in the future, while a handful of them prefer to implement the skill-based approach during teaching practice due to a lack of support from cooperative teachers and a short period of teaching practice. Suggestions for improving the TGfU professional development programme and collaboration between pre- and in-service teachers are provided.
Molecular mechanisms of endothelial differentiation
Authors: Le Bras Alex , Vijayaraj Preethi , Oettgen Peter
Published: July 2010

The differentiation of embryonic stem cells along the endothelial cell lineage requires a tightly coordinated sequence of events that are regulated in both space and time. Although significant gaps remain in this process, major strides have been made over the past 10 years in identifying the growth factors, signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors that function together as critical mediators of this process. Examples of some of the signal transduction pathways include the hedgehog (HH), WNT, BMP, and Notch pathways. A complex interplay between growth factors, and activation of a variety of signal transduction pathways leads to the induction of transcriptional programs that promote the differentiation of embryonic stem cells along the endothelial lineage and ultimately into arterial, venous, and lymphatic endothelial cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial differentiation.
Pediatric HIV social workers
Authors: Fair Cynthia D , Walker Shelley
Published: July 2010

Research suggests that parents of HIV-infected children struggle with when and how to let their child know he or she is infected. To date, the literature has focused on the experiences of parents, children, and other service providers regarding issues of disclosure. However, the unique perspectives and practices of pediatric HIV social workers regarding disclosure to infected children have not been documented. A focus group was held with eight female workers to explore disclosure issues. Follow-up interviews were conducted to clarify and further explore topics. Analyses revealed four primary themes: (1) factors that influence disclosure, (2) outcomes of disclosure, (3) best practices of social workers regarding disclosure, and (4) the future of pediatric HIV social work. This project provides insight into the critical role social workers currently play in the field of pediatric HIV related to disclosure and how disclosure issues may shift in the future due to a maturing population of HIV-infected youth. Findings are also applied to uninfected children living with an HIV-infected parent.
A Review of Preforms for the Composites Industry
Authors: Wambua P.M. , Anandjiwala R.
Published: July 2010

Preforming technology has emerged as core to the manufacture of engineering composites with enhanced properties at reduced production costs. Textile technologies such as weaving, knitting, braiding, stitching and nonwoven individually or in combination have been utilized in the design and manufacture of 1D, 2D, and 3D preforms boasting increasingly complex architectures. Current research appears to be geared towards reducing the occurrence of delamination as well as improving out-of-plane impact properties by through-the-thickness reinforcement. Utilization of improved impregnation techniques has played a vital role in the processing of preforms for the aerospace, automotive, marine and other advanced engineering applications. The current and previous research on preforms as well as the techniques used in their manufacture has been reviewed in this article and future emerging trends highlighted.
Development of Advanced Personal Protective Equipment Fabrics for Protection Against Slashes and Pathogenic Bacteria Part 2: Development of Antimicrobial Hygiene Garments and their Characterization
Authors: Kanchi Govarthanam K. , Anand S.C. , Rajendran S.
Published: July 2010

Knife is the most commonly used single weapon in the UK and studies reveal that majority of the knife-inflicted wounds were slash type that could be disfiguring or life threatening. Currently available stab-resistant armours do not protect the arms, neck, and face as they are rigid to be worn comfortably for everyday use. The main objectives of this research program are: (a) to develop and characterize a novel cut-resistant and slash-proof material that is lightweight, comfortable, and efficient; and (b) to integrate barrier properties in such garments which would incorporate suitable antimicrobial and other suitable chemicals to provide protection against a range of microorganisms. The design and development of novel slash-proof materials for the police, armed forces, children, and the public, which is lightweight, comfortable, and efficient was discussed in Part 1 of this series. This part discusses the application and study of antimicrobial properties on this novel two-layered weft knitted slash-resistant fabric that has only 13.6% of its fibers effectively available for incorporation of antibacterial agents. The antibacterial formulation was applied at different concentrations onto the fabric using pad-dry-cure method. Antimicrobial properties of the treated fabrics were evaluated using modified AATCC Test method 147-1998 against common pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was found that the formulation with 10% concentration showed optimum antimicrobial property with good washing fastness. The durability of the antimicrobial agents were evaluated, both with and without cross-linking agents, for up to 10 washes and better washing fastness was achieved with a cross-linking agent on the face knitted with the composite WF 528 yarn.
A Case Study Perspective on the Importance of Motivation in the Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Riccardi Christina J. , Timpano Kiara R. , Schmidt Norman B.
Published: July 2010

Up until three decades ago, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was deemed treatment resistant—an incurable and chronic disease. However, advent of specific behavioral techniques and new pharmacological agents (serotonin reuptake inhibitors) has altered this course and brought effective relief for many OCD patients. Nonetheless, a substantial number of individuals with OCD are treatment resistant and an even greater number refuse treatment or drop out prematurely. The cognitive-behavioral treatment of a 39-year-old male with OCD is described in this case study. Motivational interviewing (MI) techniques were integrated into treatment to increase adherence, particularly exposure exercises. Frequency and duration of compulsive behaviors were measured over the course of treatment and standard assessment measures were used to assess the severity of OCD symptoms. At posttreatment and follow-up a clinically significant improvement was demonstrated for OCD symptoms. Implications of these data are reviewed, and recommendations about inclusion of MI techniques for clinicians who intend on treating OCD are provided.
Helping a Man With Acquired Brain Injury and Multiple Disabilities Manage Television Use Via Assistive Technology
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , Singh Nirbhay N. , O'Reilly Mark F. , Sigafoos Jeff , Oliva Doretta , Signorino Mario , De Tommaso Marina
Published: July 2010

This single case study was an effort to assess a technology-based program aimed at promoting independent television use by a man with acquired brain injury and multiple disabilities. The technology’s main components were: (a) two microswitches, which allowed the man to request and confirm/trigger with small responses basic television operations (i.e., switching the television on or off and changing channels), and (b) an electronic control unit with an amplified MP3 player, which helped the man with verbal instructions and the execution of the television operations. Results showed that the technology-based program succeeded in enabling the man to manage television use independently. Different amounts of time dedicated to various television programs suggested that the man had different levels of interest for them and could choose among them.
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy With Adjunctive Hypnosis for Social and Performance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Frankel Miriam R. , Macfie Jenny
Published: July 2010

This is a single case study of a college aged woman with generalized anxiety disorder. Treatment consisted of psychodynamic psychotherapy, with an emphasis on facilitating separation and individuation, using hypnosis as a supportive, self-regulation skill for anxiety management. The patient’s symptoms were tracked using daily subjective, self-report measures over the 13-month treatment period. The simulation modeling approach for time-series (SMATS) was used to assess the phase change from baseline to treatment. Symptoms tracked included anxiety peaks, preoccupation with time, interpersonal closeness, and self-sacrificing of self for others. The patient’s worries about time decreased significantly over the course of treatment. There was also a trend of both less interference of anxiety in the patient’s daily tasks and less self-sacrificing behaviors in her interpersonal relationships. Utility of an idiographic and also quantified research methodology for treatment outcome studies is discussed.
Exercise as a Treatment to Enhance Sleep
Authors: Buman Matthew P. , King Abby C.
Published: July 2010

The prevalence of sleep-related complaints and the limited efficacy of pharmacological treatments make nonpharmacological alternatives essential. Physical exercise is one such alternative that is inexpensive and affects numerous health systems simultaneously. This article reviews putative mechanisms that have guided exercise and sleep research, including exercise’s antidepressant effects, restorative functions, and circadian effects, and concludes that a number of mechanisms are plausible and likely active in explaining the effects of exercise on sleep. The empirical literature is reviewed, with special emphasis given to randomized controlled trials and experimental studies that help to inform for whom (eg, age, fitness characteristics), under what conditions (eg, light exposure, time of day), and by what means (eg, type, intensity, duration) exercise optimally affects sleep. The review also includes the emerging research using exercise as a treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome. The current literature indicates that moderate amounts of exercise, which can be obtained through a variety of means such as brisk walking and resistance training, are sufficient to improve sleep quality. Additional research is warranted in this area, particularly randomized controlled trials that target subgroups at risk for poor sleep such as older adults and persons with sleep disorders.
‘The vermin have struck again’: dehumanizing the enemy in post 9/11 media representations
Authors: Steuter Erin , Wills Deborah
Published: July 2010

Much of the scholarly attention surrounding the media’s treatment of the so-called ‘war on terror’ has focused on its uncritical replication of the Bush administration’s rhetorical framing of the conflict, in which the September 11 attacks were seen as acts of war initiating a retaliatory war on terror. While this dominant, martial framing is now being challenged, an equally significant framing remains largely unexamined, one as significant to media rhetoric and public perception as the war trope itself. This article identifies the consistent pattern of dehumanizing metaphor that dominates Western media’s coverage. It focuses on newspaper headlines as influentially compressed narratives replicating and recycling key metaphors that systematically figure the enemy as animal, vermin, or metastatic disease. These dehumanizing media representations, which have historically prefigured abuse, oppression, and even genocide, are being circulated as uncritically through newspaper media headlines as Bush’s war framing was initially and, we argue, now requires the same critical dismantling.
The Nigerian civil war and its media: groping for clues
Authors: Ugochukwu Françoise
Published: July 2010

Following months of political instability in Nigeria and the massacres of Igbo people in the north of the country during the summer and fall of 1966, the situation deteriorated rapidly. On 30 May 1967, the Eastern Region (Igboland) unilaterally declared its independence, triggering a civil war that, coupled with a tight economic blockade of the secessionist region and the logistic support of foreign powers, turned into a three-year conflict that claimed over three million lives. Nigerian and Biafran troops were engaged in battle from 6 July 1967 until 12 January 1970, when the war ended with Biafra’s surrender. All through the conflict, but especially from 1968—9, the world media converged on Nigeria, trying their best to cover the conflict for their audiences, with mixed fortunes. This study, based on radio bulletins gathered daily in France from 1968 to 1970 from the BBC World Service, Voice of America, France-Inter, Radio-France International, Europe n.1, Radio-Brussels, Radio-Lausanne and Radio-Canada, reveals the way the media groped their way through a flurry of contradicting nuggets of information in a desperate hunt for the truth on a far-away nightmare, with unreliable sources contributing to the confusion and a proliferation of unreliable pieces of news. In spite of these limitations, the media succeeded in covering the progress on the ground, the unfolding of the humanitarian situation and mounting casualties, the arms race and the political scene, and eventually achieved their aim — that of attracting the world’s attention to Nigeria.
Baghdad bureaux: an exploration of the interconnected world of fixers and correspondents at the BBC and CNN
Authors: Murrell Colleen
Published: July 2010

Post-war Iraq is so dangerous that Western television correspondents have been forced to change their modus operandi and rely more heavily on locally-hired fixers. This article asks if the virtual absence of overseas reporters from Iraq’s streets has led to a less authentic news gathering role. Conversely, it may have delivered a more nuanced form of editorial and logistical task-sharing. This research draws on interviews conducted in 2007 and 2008 with twenty foreign correspondents, two senior news managers and five fixers. It employs Bourdieu’s analysis of cultural capital as a framework to examine the exchange of different forms of power and expertise between the players. Where trust is now at the forefront of this news gathering relationship, this research deconstructs the methods by which fixers are recruited and deployed. A comparison is made between the news production techniques of foreign correspondents who employ fixers for short-term purposes and correspondents from the Baghdad bureaux of the BBC and CNN.
The effects of exposure to crisis on well-being of journalists: a study of crisis-related factors predicting psychological health in a sample of Finnish journalists
Authors: Backholm Klas , Björkqvist Kaj
Published: July 2010

Effects of work-related and personal exposure to potentially traumatic events on PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), depression, compassion fatigue and burnout were examined in 503 Finnish news journalists (238 men, 265 women) by using a web-based survey. Stepwise linear multiple regression analyses showed that two variables significantly predicted all four outcome factors, i.e. PTSD, depression, compassion fatigue and burnout: the variables were personal exposure to traumatic events, including reactions caused by the event and the magnitude of the worst crisis-related assignment experienced as a journalist.An interaction effect was also found: respondents with high scores on both traumatic experiences in their personal life and a high amount of professional crisis-related assignments had a significantly higher level of PTSD symptoms than others.
Gadolinium-enhanced preoperative MRI scans as a prognostic parameter in scaphoid nonunion
Authors: Megerle K. , Worg H. , Christopoulos G. , Schmitt R. , Krimmer H.
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this prospective study was to correlate preoperative gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans with intraoperative bleeding of the proximal fragment and postoperative union in a series of consecutive patients with established scaphoid nonunions. In 60 patients (6 females, 54 males) with a mean age of 29 years, scaphoid perfusion was judged preoperatively as normal, impaired or absent using a gadolinium-enhanced MRI scan. Scaphoid reconstruction was performed using a nonvascularized bone graft and screw fixation. Perfusion of the proximal fragment was assessed intraoperatively in 49 of 60 patients; compromised or absent vascularity was predicted with a specificity of 90% by contrast-enhanced MRI. However, there was no significant correlation between preoperative MRI assessment of vascularity and subsequent union of the scaphoid.
‘Front and Back’ Flaps for Multiple Dorsal and Palmar Digital Skin Loss
Authors: Senarath-Yapa K. , Bell D.R.
Published: July 2010

We describe a technique modification of the ‘many tailed’ flaps for multiple digital defects in adjacent digits described in 1980. This is a versatile technique for providing cover to multiple palmar and dorsal defects of the digits, avoiding the need to syndactylize digits, and when it is not desirable or adequate to perform multiple local flaps to cover the losses. The technical modifications are use of donor closure to adjust the position of the flaps in opposition, sequential donor closure to accurately place subsequent flaps, and raising flaps from less to more lax donor skin to avoid drift of donor site position.
The outcome of surgical treatments for primary Dupuytren’s disease – a systematic review
Authors: Becker G. W. , Davis T. R. C.
Published: July 2010

There is no consensus on the most effective operation for primary Dupuytren’s contracture. This systematic review evaluates the reported rates of recurrence and complications, as well as the strength of evidence, for individual procedures. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for papers in English containing ‘Dupuytren’ in the citation. The initial search produced 2155 references, of which 69 papers met the study inclusion criteria. There was wide disparity in scoring systems, definition of recurrence and recording of complications. Follow-up ranged from 3 weeks to 13 years, and recurrence from 0 to 71%. There are only three Level I studies comparing surgical techniques for the treatment of primary Dupuytren’s contracture, and the evidence does not support one procedure above another, other than to show a particularly high recurrence rate after needle fasciotomy. We propose a minimum data set for future studies.
Radioulnar Ratio in Detection of Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability Associated With Acute Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Scheer J.H. , Hammerby S. , Adolfsson L.E.
Published: July 2010

Lesions of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are commonly associated with distal radius fractures and may adversely affect the functional outcome. This prospective study evaluated computed tomography, using the radioulnar ratio (RUR), to detect laxity of the distal radioulnar joint in 48 consecutive patients with acute distal radius fractures and compared the results with a radioulnar stress test. We found the clinical stress test to be reliable in chronic cases, but the RUR method of questionable value in both acute and chronic cases.
Loss of the SIN3 transcriptional corepressor results in aberrant mitochondrial function
Authors: Barnes Valerie L , Strunk Bethany S , Lee Icksoo , Hüttemann Maik , Pile Lori A
Published: July 2010

Background

SIN3 is a transcriptional repressor protein known to regulate many genes, including a number of those that encode mitochondrial components.

Results

By monitoring RNA levels, we find that loss of SIN3 in Drosophila cultured cells results in up-regulation of not only nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes, but also those encoded by the mitochondrial genome. The up-regulation of gene expression is accompanied by a perturbation in ATP levels in SIN3-deficient cells, suggesting that the changes in mitochondrial gene expression result in altered mitochondrial activity. In support of the hypothesis that SIN3 is necessary for normal mitochondrial function, yeast sin3 null mutants exhibit very poor growth on non-fermentable carbon sources and show lower levels of ATP and reduced respiration rates.

Conclusions

The findings that both yeast and Drosophila SIN3 affect mitochondrial activity suggest an evolutionarily conserved role for SIN3 in the control of cellular energy production.
LTR retroelements in the genome of Daphnia pulex
Authors: Rho Mina , Schaack Sarah , Gao Xiang , Kim Sun , Lynch Michael , Tang Haixu
Published: July 2010

Background

Long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements represent a successful group of transposable elements (TEs) that have played an important role in shaping the structure of many eukaryotic genomes. Here, we present a genome-wide analysis of LTR retroelements in Daphnia pulex, a cyclical parthenogen and the first crustacean for which the whole genomic sequence is available. In addition, we analyze transcriptional data and perform transposon display assays of lab-reared lineages and natural isolates to identify potential influences on TE mobility and differences in LTR retroelements loads among individuals reproducing with and without sex.

Results

We conducted a comprehensive de novo search for LTR retroelements and identified 333 intact LTR retroelements representing 142 families in the D. pulex genome. While nearly half of the identified LTR retroelements belong to the gypsy group, we also found copia (95), BEL/Pao (66) and DIRS (19) retroelements. Phylogenetic analysis of reverse transcriptase sequences showed that LTR retroelements in the D. pulex genome form many lineages distinct from known families, suggesting that the majority are novel. Our investigation of transcriptional activity of LTR retroelements using tiling array data obtained from three different experimental conditions found that 71 LTR retroelements are actively transcribed. Transposon display assays of mutation-accumulation lines showed evidence for putative somatic insertions for two DIRS retroelement families. Losses of presumably heterozygous insertions were observed in lineages in which selfing occurred, but never in asexuals, highlighting the potential impact of reproductive mode on TE abundance and distribution over time. The same two families were also assayed across natural isolates (both cyclical parthenogens and obligate asexuals) and there were more retroelements in populations capable of reproducing sexually for one of the two families assayed.

Conclusions

Given the importance of LTR retroelements activity in the evolution of other genomes, this comprehensive survey provides insight into the potential impact of LTR retroelements on the genome of D. pulex, a cyclically parthenogenetic microcrustacean that has served as an ecological model for over a century.
Motivations and reasons for women attending a Breast Self-Examination training program: A qualitative study
Authors: Yang Rea-Jeng , Huang Lian-Hua , Hsieh Yeu-Sheng , Chung Ue-Lin , Huang Chiun-Sheng , Bih Herng-Dar
Published: July 2010

Background

Breast cancer is a major threat to Taiwanese women's health. Despite the controversy surrounding the effectiveness of breast self-examination (BSE) in reducing mortality, BSE is still advocated by some health departments. The aim of the study is to provide information about how women decide to practice BSE and their experiences through the training process. Sixty-six women aged 27-50 were recruited.

Methods

A descriptive study was conducted using small group and individual in-depth interviews to collect data, and using thematic analysis and constant comparison techniques for data analysis.

Results

It was found that a sense of self-security became an important motivator for entering BSE training. The satisfaction in obtaining a sense of self-security emerged as the central theme. Furthermore, a ladder motivation model was developed to explain the participants' motivations for entering BSE training. The patterns of motivation include opportunity taking, clarifying confusion, maintaining health, and illness monitoring, which were connected with the risk perception for breast cancer.

Conclusions

We recognize that the way women decide to attend BSE training is influenced by personal and social factors. Understanding the different risk assessments women rely on in making their health decisions is essential. This study will assist researchers and health professionals to gain a better understanding of alternative ways to deal with breast health, and not to be limited by the recommendations of the health authorities.
Analysis of innate defences against Plasmodium falciparum in immunodeficient mice
Authors: Arnold Ludovic , Tyagi Rajeev Kumar , Mejia Pedro , Van Rooijen Nico , Pérignon Jean-Louis , Druilhe Pierre
Published: July 2010

Background

Mice with genetic deficiencies in adaptive immunity are used for the grafting of human cells or pathogens, to study human diseases, however, the innate immune responses to xenografts in these mice has received little attention. Using the NOD/SCIDPlasmodium falciparummouse model an analysis of innate defences responsible for the substantial control ofP. falciparumwhich remains in such mice, was performed.

Methods

NOD/SCID mice undergoing an immunomodulatory protocol that includes, clodronate-loaded liposomes to deplete macrophages and an anti-polymorphonuclear leukocytes antibody, were grafted with human red blood cells andP. falciparum. The systematic and kinetic analysis of the remaining innate immune responses included the number and phenotype of peripheral blood leukocytes as well as inflammatory cytokines/chemokines released in periphery. The innate responses towards the murine parasitePlasmodium yoeliiwere used as a control.

Results

Results show that 1)P. falciparuminduces a strong inflammation characterized by an increase in circulating leukocytes and the release of inflammatory cytokines; 2) in contrast, the rodent parasiteP. yoelii, induces a far more moderate inflammation; 3) human red blood cells and the anti-inflammatory agents employed induce low-grade inflammation; and 4) macrophages seem to bear the most critical function in controllingP. falciparumsurvival in those mice, whereas polymorphonuclear and NK cells have only a minor role.

Conclusions

Despite the use of an immunomodulatory treatment, immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice are still able to mount substantial innate responses that seem to be correlated with parasite clearance. Those results bring new insights on the ability of innate immunity from immunodeficient mice to control xenografts of cells of human origin and human pathogens.
What can global health institutions do to help strengthen health systems in low income countries?
Authors: Balabanova Dina , McKee Martin , Mills Anne , Walt Gill , Haines Andy
Published: July 2010

Weaknesses in health systems contribute to a failure to improve health outcomes in developing countries, despite increased official development assistance. Changes in the demands on health systems, as well as their scope to respond, mean that the situation is likely to become more problematic in the future. Diverse global initiatives seek to strengthen health systems, but progress will require better coordination between them, use of strategies based on the best available evidence obtained especially from evaluation of large scale programs, and improved global aid architecture that supports these processes. This paper sets out the case for global leadership to support health systems investments and help ensure the synergies between vertical and horizontal programs that are essential for effective functioning of health systems. At national level, it is essential to increase capacity to manage and deliver services, situate interventions firmly within national strategies, ensure effective implementation, and co-ordinate external support with local resources. Health systems performance should be monitored, with clear lines of accountability, and reforms should build on evidence of what works in what circumstances.
Adaphostin toxicity in a sensitive non-small cell lung cancer model is mediated through Nrf2 signaling and heme oxygenase 1
Authors: Fer Nicole D , Shoemaker Robert H , Monks Anne
Published: July 2010

Background

Preclinical toxicity of adaphostin has been related to oxidative stress. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism underlying adaphostin induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) which plays a significant role in modulation of drug-induced toxicity in the non-small cell lung cancer cell line model, NCI-H522.

Methods

The transcriptional response of NCI-H522 to adaphostin prominently involved oxidative stress genes, particularly HMOX1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement was additionally established by generation of ROS prior to modulation of adaphostin-toxicity with antioxidants. To identify up-stream regulatory elements of HMOX1, immunofluorescence was used to evaluate nuclear translocation of the transcription factor, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), in the presence of adaphostin. The PI3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, was employed as a pharmacological inhibitor of this process.

Results

Generation of ROS provided a substantial foundation for the sensitivity of NCI-H522 to adaphostin. However, in contrast to leukemia cell lines, transcriptional response to oxidative stress was associated with induction of HMOX1, which was dependent on nuclear translocation of the transcription factor, Nrf2. Pretreatment of cells with wortmannin inhibited translocation of Nrf2 and induction of HMOX1. Wortmannin pretreatment was also able to diminish adaphostin induction of HMOX1, and as a consequence, enhance the toxicity of adaphostin to NCI-H522.

Conclusions

Adaphostin-induced oxidative stress in NCI-H522 was mediated through nuclear translocation of Nrf2 leading to upregulation of HMOX1. Inhibition of Nrf2 translocation by wortmannin inhibited this cytoprotective response, and enhanced the toxicity of adaphostin, suggesting that inhibitors of the PI3K pathway, such as wortmannin, might augment the antiproliferative effects of adaphostin in solid tumors that depend on the Nrf2/ARE pathway for protection against oxidative stress.
Abnormalities in circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Jin Ou , Kavikondala Sushma , Mok Mo-Yin , Sun Lingyun , Gu Jieruo , Fu Rong , Chan Albert , Yeung Joseph , Nie Yingjie , Lau Chak-Sing
Published: July 2010

Introduction

Dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of inducing immunity or tolerance. Previous studies have suggested plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are pathogenic in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the functional characteristics of directly isolated peripheral circulating blood pDCs in SLE have not been evaluated previously.

Methods

Peripheral blood pDCs from 62 healthy subjects and 58 SLE patients were treated with apoptotic cells derived from polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Antigen loaded or unloaded pDCs were then co-cultured with autologous or allogenous T cells. Changes in T cell proliferation, cell surface CD25 expression, intracellular Foxp3 expression and cytokine production were evaluated. pDCs that had captured apoptotic PMNs (pDCs + apoPMNs were also studied for their cytokine production (interferon (IFN)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-18) and toll like receptor (TLR) expression.

Results

Circulating pDCs from SLE patients had an increased ability to stimulate T cells when compared with control pDCs. Using allogenous T cells as responder cells, SLE pDCs induced T cell proliferation even in the absence of apoptotic PMNs. In addition, healthy pDCs + apoPMNs induced suppressive T regulatory cell features with increased Foxp3 expression in CD4 + CD25 + cells while SLE pDCs + apoPMNs did not. There were differences in the cytokine profile of pDCs that had captured apoptotic PMNs between healthy subjects and patients with SLE. Healthy pDCs + apoPMNs showed decreased production of IL-6 but no significant changes in IL-10 and IL-18. These pDCs + apoPMNs also showed increased mRNA transcription of TLR9. On the other hand, while SLE pDCs + apoPMNs also had decreased IL-6, there was decreased IL-18 mRNA expression and persistent IL-10 protein synthesis. In addition, SLE pDCs lacked TLR9 recruitment.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated that peripheral circulating pDCs in patients with SLE were functionally abnormal. They lacked TLR9 expression, were less capable of inducing regulatory T cell differentiation and had persistent IL-10 mRNA expression following the capture of apoptotic PMNs. We suggest circulating pDCs may be pathogenically relevant in SLE.
Experimental annotation of the human pathogen Candida albicans coding and noncoding transcribed regions using high-resolution tiling arrays
Authors: Sellam Adnane , Hogues Hervé , Askew Christopher , Tebbji Faiza , van het Hoog Marco , Lavoie Hugo , Kumamoto Carol A , Whiteway Malcolm , Nantel André
Published: July 2010

Background

Compared to other model organisms and despite the clinical relevance of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, no comprehensive analysis has been done to provide experimental support of its in silico-based genome annotation.

Results

We have undertaken a genome-wide experimental annotation to accurately uncover the transcriptional landscape of the pathogenic yeast C. albicans using strand-specific high-density tiling arrays. RNAs were purified from cells growing under conditions relevant to C. albicans pathogenicity, including biofilm, lab-grown yeast and serum-induced hyphae, as well as cells isolated from the mouse caecum. This work provides a genome-wide experimental validation for a large number of predicted ORFs for which transcription had not been detected by other approaches. Additionally, we identified more than 2,000 novel transcriptional segments, including new ORFs and exons, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as well as convincing cases of antisense gene transcription. We also characterized the 5' and 3' UTRs of expressed ORFs, and established that genes with long 5' UTRs are significantly enriched in regulatory functions controlling filamentous growth. Furthermore, we found that genomic regions adjacent to telomeres harbor a cluster of expressed ncRNAs. To validate and confirm new ncRNA candidates, we adapted an iterative strategy combining both genome-wide occupancy of the different subunits of RNA polymerases I, II and III and expression data. This comprehensive approach allowed the identification of different families of ncRNAs.

Conclusions

In summary, we provide a comprehensive expression atlas that covers relevant C. albicans pathogenic developmental stages in addition to the discovery of new ORF and non-coding genetic elements.
Density extraction from P-wave AVO inversion: Tuscaloosa Trend example
Authors: Behura Jyoti , Kabir Nurul , Crider Richard , Jilek Petr , Lake Ellen
Published: July 2010

Density extraction from amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) inversion is thought to be unstable and difficult. Recent research has, however, shown that it is possible to reliably extract density from P-wave reflection data if the interface has significant contrast.
3D modeling of new-generation (1999–2010) resistivity logging tools
Authors: Davydycheva Sofia
Published: July 2010

Electromagnetic (EM) logging is an im-portant method of formation evaluation because of its sensitivity to resistivity, which is a function of fluid saturation and fluid properties. Conventional induction and propagation resistivity logging tools excite the geological formation by axial magnetic dipole transmitter(s). Axial re-ceivers measure the formation response, reflecting the medium resistivity. Such axial measurement has no azimuthal sensitivity and is insensitive to the anisotropy and many other details of the formation.
Underestimation of body waves and feasibility of surface-wave reconstruction by seismic interferometry
Authors: Forghani Farnoush , Snieder Roel
Published: July 2010

Interferometry is an approach to extract the Green's function between two receivers as if the virtual source is at one of the receiver locations. The Green's function which is the response to an impulsive source, accounts for the wave propagation in the medium between the two receivers. It is commonly thought that Green's function estimates obtained from interferometry accurately represent the full Green's function, but this is not always the case. In fact, the accuracy of the retrieved Green's function, which consists of the surface and body waves, is in practice restricted by the limited distribution of the sources of field fluctuations. We demonstrate the importance of adequate source distribution for the accuracy of the retrieved Green's function, using examples from interferometry applications. In these examples, sources are controlled (as in exploration seismology) or uncontrolled (as in crustal seismology).
35th anniversary of the first land 3D survey by NAM and Shell
Authors: Van Der Kallen Albert , Pion Jacques
Published: July 2010

We read, with much interest, the TLE article describing the development of 3D surveys by Gulf (Watson, 2009). After a successful ultrasonic test by Gulf R&D of a 3D model immersed in water, the technology was tested in the field in 1974. This resulted in possibly the first 3D offshore survey but the data were not published at the time for proprietary concerns.
Stress history of producing reservoirs and 4D seismic studies: Some often-forgotten aspects
Authors: Vasquez Guilherme , Justen Julio , dos Santos Marcos S. , Morschbacher Marcio , Sansonowski Rui , de Carvalho Marimonica , Vargas Euripedes , Formento Jean-Luc
Published: July 2010

In Brazil, even with severe repeatability issues due to weather, tide, and marine current conditions, seismic monitoring of hydrocarbon production has often yielded good results.
Pitfalls of tremor-like signals for hydrocarbon exploration in producing oil fields in Potiguar Basin, northeast Brazil
Authors: de Vasconcelos Lopes Afonso Emidio , Nunes Luciana Cabral
Published: July 2010

The Earth's ambient noise has been used over the past four decades for sedimentary basin studies, but only in the past ten years have geophysicists begun to apply ambient seismic noise, a technique known as passive seismic, to hydrocarbon exploration.
The Potiguar integrated exploration project: CSEM prospectivity assessment offshore Brazil
Authors: Lovatini A. , Myers K. , Watterson P. , Campbell T.
Published: July 2010

Newly acquired CSEM data were integrated with several different types of complementary measurements and techniques in an exploration prospect evaluation study—which included petroleum systems modeling (PSM)—of the deepwater offshore area of the Potiguar Basin, northeast Brazil (Figure 1). Potiguar is the second most productive basin in Brazil, but to date, all production is from its onshore and nearshore areas. A 2D seismic data set was reprocessed then interpreted to provide regional scale horizons, which were used as input, along with other geological and geochemical information, for the study. The CSEM data clearly defined resistive anomalies over five features interpreted as potential traps on the seismic data. The CSEM resistivity volumes have provided added value to the PSM and prospectivity study of this basin.
Observation of Electrochemiluminescence from Indolo[2,3-b]tropone Zinc(II) Complex Using Benzoyl Peroxide as Coreactant
Authors: Jin Jiye , Ito Kunihiro , Takahashi Fumiki , Oda Mitsunori
Published: July 2010

A new luminescent zinc(II) complex with indolo[2,3-b]tropone ligand has been synthesized and studied with respect to its electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties for the first time. We observed a distinct blue-green ECL emission from this compound during electrochemical reduction in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature when benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as coreactant. As the ECL emission is almost identical to its photoluminescence spectrum, it suggested that the ECL is from the lowest excited state of the complex.
Transcultural telepsychiatry and its impact on patient satisfaction
Authors: Mucic Davor
Published: July 2010

A telepsychiatry project was conducted to improve access to culturally appropriate care providers (i.e. culturally competent, bilingual clinicians) by the use of videoconferencing. A self-completed retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted with asylum seekers, refugees and migrants. The purpose of the referral was either for diagnostic assessment with a subsequent treatment recommendation, or for treatment via telepsychiatry. The service was free of charge for the patients involved. Over a period of 34 months (starting in January 2005), 61 patients participated in the pilot project. The patients' residency status was: refugees ( n = 45), asylum seekers ( n = 12), migrants ( n = 3) and domestic ( n = 1). A total of 318 telepsychiatry sessions (lasting 35–45 min) was conducted, with an average of 5.2 sessions per patient. Nine languages were spoken during the study period (Danish, Arabic, Farsi, Somali, Kurdish, Polish, Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian). A total of 52 patients completed the questionnaire. Patients reported a high level of satisfaction and willingness to use telepsychiatry again and recommend it to others. They preferred telepsychiatry via their mother tongue, rather than interpreter-assisted care.
Home telemonitoring and quality of life in stable, optimised chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lewis Keir E , Annandale Joseph A , Warm Daniel L , Hurlin Claire , Lewis Michael J , Lewis Leo
Published: July 2010

We conducted a six-month randomised controlled trial of home telemonitoring for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 40 stable patients with moderate to severe COPD who had completed pulmonary rehabilitation took part. They were randomised to receive standard care (controls) or standard care plus home telemonitoring (intervention). During the monitoring period, patients in the telemonitoring group recorded their symptoms and physical observations twice daily. The data were transmitted automatically at night via the home telephone line. Nurses could access the data through a website and receive alerting email messages if certain conditions were detected. The patients completed the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression and the EuroQoL EQ-5D quality of life scores before and after pulmonary rehabilitation, and then periodically during the trial. There were significant and clinically important improvements in the scores immediately following pulmonary rehabilitation, but thereafter there were no differences in quality of life scores between the groups at any time, or consistently within either group over time. The study showed that telemonitoring was safe but, despite being well used, it was not associated with changes in quality of life in patients who had stable COPD.
Use of a mobile phone diary for observing weight management and related behaviours
Authors: Mattila Elina , Lappalainen Raimo , Pärkkä Juha , Salminen Jukka , Korhonen Ilkka
Published: July 2010

We studied self-observations related to weight management recorded with a Wellness Diary application on a mobile phone. The data were recorded by 27 participants in a 12-week study, which included a short weight management lecture followed by independent usage of the Wellness Diary. We studied the validity of self-observed weight, and behavioural changes and weight patterns related to weight management success. Self-observed weight data tended to underestimate pre- and poststudy measurements, but there were high correlations between the measures (r ≥ 0.80). The amount of physical activity correlated significantly with weight loss (r = 0.44) as did different measures representing healthy changes in dietary behaviours (r ≥ 0.45). Weight changes and the weekly rhythms of weight indicated a strong tendency to compensate for high-risk periods among successful weight-losers compared to unsuccessful ones. These preliminary results suggest that the mobile phone diary is a valid tool for observing weight management and related behaviours.
The use of text messaging to improve asthma control: a pilot study using the mobile phone short messaging service (SMS)
Authors: Prabhakaran Lathy , Chee Wai Yan , Chua Kia Chong , Abisheganaden John , Wong Wai Mun
Published: July 2010

We have evaluated the feasibility of using the mobile phone short message service (SMS) for symptom monitoring in patients with asthma. All consecutive patients admitted to hospital for asthma during an 11-month period were considered for enrolment ( n = 497). Those meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized into a control ( n = 60) and intervention group ( n = 60). Patients in the intervention group received SMS messages according to a structured workflow, while patients in the control group had no SMS support. In the intervention group, the mean response rate to the messages was 82%. There was an improvement in the Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores in 36 subjects in the intervention group compared to 28 subjects in the control group. There were reductions in the number of nebulizations in 54 subjects in the control group compared to 50 subjects in the intervention group, and reductions in emergency department visits in 57 subjects in the control group compared to 51 subjects in the intervention group. However, none of these differences were significant. There was no reduction in admission rates in either group ( P = 0.5). The service was accepted by most patients, but its long-term effectiveness on the management of asthma remains to be determined.
Evaluation of a mobile phone-based diet game for weight control
Authors: Lee Wonbok , Chae Young Moon , Kim Sukil , Ho Seung Hee , Choi Inyoung
Published: July 2010

We developed an interactive mobile-phone based application, SmartDiet, that analyzes daily nutrition intake and patterns of daily exercise. It provides a personalized diet profile and promotes knowledge about nutrition using a diet game. We evaluated the effectiveness of the SmartDiet application in terms of acquiring dietary information, weight control and user satisfaction. A case-control study was conducted over a six-week period, with 19 people in the intervention group and 17 people in the control group. During the study, a total of 235 successful data transmissions were performed from the mobile phones and there was a mean of 12.4 transmissions per participant. The three body composition measures (fat mass, weight and body mass index) decreased significantly after the intervention in the intervention group, but there were no significant changes in the control group. In a questionnaire survey at the end of the study, the majority of the participants responded that the system was useful for obtaining information and managing the diet process. The SmartDiet mobile weight management application appears to contribute to weight loss in obese adults.