bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on lethal levels of buildings based on historical seismic data
Authors: Chaoxu Xia , Gaozhong Nie , Huayue Li , Xiwei Fan , Junxue Zhou , Rui Yang , Xun Zeng
Published: January 2023

Due to the influences of buildings, geographical and geomorphological environments, road conditions, etc., the probabilities and numbers of casualties in different areas after an earthquake are different. Accordingly, we propose the concept of the lethal level, which attains different grades representing the mortality rate of differing intensities. Different regions have unique lethal levels, and regional lethal levels are affected mainly by the proportion of each building type and the corresponding lethal level, as different types of buildings also have unique lethal levels. Based on data of 52 historical earthquake disasters, we constructed a lethal level calculation model and obtained the lethal level of each building type. The results reveal that the lethal level ranges of different building types are fixed and unequal; moreover, the ranges of different building types overlap each other. The lethal level range of adobe structures is 0.85–1, that of civil structures is 0.75–0.95, that of brick-wood structures is 0.6–0.9, that of brick-concrete structures is 0.33–0.6, that of wood structures is 0.2–0.35, and that of reinforced concrete structures is 0.1–0.25. Based on the lethal levels of these building types, the overall level of a region can be quantified and graded, and this classification does not depend on the geographical location or administrative boundaries. In pre-earthquake evaluation efforts, the lethal level of an area can be derived through field research. After an earthquake, the number of casualties can be quickly assessed based on the mortality rate corresponding to the intensity of the area. This approach can further provide scientific support for risk zoning and risk assessment research.
The intensification of coastal hypoxia off central Chile: Long term and high frequency variability
Authors: De La Maza Lucas , Farías Laura
Published: January 2023

Hypoxia is a phenomenon where dissolved oxygen (DO) is reduced to levels that are low enough to strongly affect ecological and biogeochemical processes. This occurs within the continental shelf off central Chile (36°S), influenced by seasonal coastal upwelling (Spring-Summer). Monthly measurements of DO and other oceanographic variables in the water column (1997−2021) over the 92 m isobath along with high-resolution and near-surface observations (POSAR buoy), are analyzed to examine incidences of hypoxia and understand the physical and biogeochemical processes modulating DO vertical distribution and its temporal variability. On average, the percentage of the water column with DO levels below 89 (hypoxia) and 22 (severe hypoxia) μmol L−1 reaches 68% (i.e., hypoxic waters are found below 30 m) and 44% (below 50 m depth), respectively, but during the upwelling season, as much as 87% (below 12 m depth) and 81% (below 17 m depth) of the water column exhibits these levels. On the sub-seasonal scale during upwelling season six hypoxic events lasting at least 2 days occur at 10 m depth. There is a strong seasonal correlation between the volume of the seawater presenting hypoxia and upwelling favorable winds. Furthermore, there is a high DO interannual variability partially related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Over 2 decades, it is estimated that DO concentration in surface and subsurface layers decreases (up to 21 μmol L−1 decade−1) as waters get colder (up to 0.29°C decade−1). Remarkably, the volume of hypoxic and severe hypoxic waters over the shelf has increased more than 2 times since 1997 and shows a significant positive correlation with the upwelling index. These preliminary findings indicate that the increase in local DO consumption is partially associated with upwelling intensification. Given the clear evidence of wind intensification in coastal upwelling ecosystems and thus the increase in hypoxic events, the coastal zone may be highly vulnerable to hypoxia, impacting biological resources and biogeochemical cycles.
The structure of a magnitude-frequency relation for debris flows conditioned by earthquake shock
Authors: Han Mei , Evans Stephen G. , He Kun , Sun Hao , Ma Zhigang
Published: January 2023

Debris flow is a major secondary geological process associated with the 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake area, causing the loss of around 200 lives as well as extensive property damage. Based on data developed over the past 21 years (1998–2018) of continuous monitoring of debris flow events in Sichuan, the temporal and spatial aspects of debris flows have been analyzed, including magnitude and frequency. The 21-year study period is divided into three time-intervals: 1998–2007 (pre-earthquake), 2008–2013 (short-term post-earthquake), and 2014–2018 (long-term post-earthquake). Distribution maps are plotted to compare debris flow distribution density in the three periods and to visualize debris flow development throughout Sichuan Province from 1998 to 2018. Many large-scale debris flows occur in groups immediately following the earthquake (2008–2013). After 2014, the magnitude and frequency of debris flows begin to decrease and gradually returned near to the pre-earthquake level as the damaged landscape recovered. The effect of rainfall is investigated by analyzing a 21-year record of precipitation; Following the earthquake the threshold rainfall values for debris flow triggering decrease only to recover to pre-earthquake levels as the landscape heals. Magnitude-frequency (M-F) relations for debris flows of the three periods were developed, and the distribution can be well fitted by a power-law function. Finally, the work done by debris flow was defined by multiplying the magnitude by frequency. At the regional scale, the work peaks in the three time periods have been determined and it is found that the peaks corresponded with the larger debris flow sizes. The concept of offset is introduced to describe the shift of the work peak in relation to the probability peak and is termed the Wolman-Miller offset. It is concluded that with a greater offset in the short-term post-earthquake period, more work has been done by larger events and that the greater proportion of the volume being mobilized by larger events occurring more frequently is a key process in the landscape returning to a pre-earthquake (equilibrium) state. The recovery of an earthquake-damaged landscape represents a transient period of high hazard that should be considered in any hazard assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides (in addition to co-seismic landslides).
Quaternary caldera-forming eruptions at the Sanzugawa caldera, NE Japan, revealed by zircon U-Pb geochronology
Authors: Ito Hisatoshi
Published: January 2023

Recent application of zircon U-Pb geochronology has contributed to deciphering the evolution of caldera systems worldwide. However, in the Tohoku region, NE Japan, this is not the case, although it is well studied as a typical island arc subduction system. Here, U-Pb dating of zircon suggests that the Sanzugawa caldera, the largest caldera in Tohoku since late Miocene, initiated its caldera-forming volcanic activity at ∼7 Ma and culminated its activity in late Pliocene to Quaternary (3.0–1.5 Ma). This is contrary to a previous notion that the caldera developed in late Miocene to Pliocene (6–3 Ma) based on mainly whole-rock K-Ar dating results. This finding may also question a current hypothesis of relatively subdued volcanism at 3.5–1.5 Ma in NE Japan and thus shows the need to date other calderas in the Tohoku region with zircon U-Pb and/or Ar-Ar methods to better understand the magmatic history of this region.
Imaging of vertical seismic profiling data using weighted generalized radon transform migration in dip-angle domain
Authors: Li Wuqun , Mao Weijian , Liang Quan
Published: January 2023

The vertical seismic profiling (VSP) acquisition technique deploys sensors down a borehole, which often goes deep into the target area. It is easy to produce serious “smile” migration artifacts near the sensors during the migration imaging process of VSP data, which contaminates the imaging profile and affects the subsequent geological interpretation. In this paper, we analyze in detail the formation of these migration artifacts during the migration of VSP data. We extend the generalized Radon transform (GRT) migration method to the dip-angle domain and then generate dip-angle domain common image gathers (DDCIGs). Meanwhile, a variant sigmoid weighting function is applied to the DDCIGs to suppress the migration artifacts. The numerical results of synthetic and field data demonstrate high-quality DDCIG images and the significant artifact suppression capability of the proposed method.
Model tests of the raw-water pipeline under the excessive stacking load
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Lei , Chen Qingyang , Shi Liang , Zhou Jun
Published: January 2023

To investigate the effect of excessive stacking loadings on the deformation of raw-water pipelines, a model test was designed based on the analogous theory in this paper. The design of the model box, selection of pipeline material, and preparation of remolded soil were conducted, respectively. A theoretical formula was derived to convert the results of the model test into actual ones. Then, the field test data and three-dimensional numerical values were employed to verify the correctness of the model test results. Finally, the stresses of pipelines were discussed under different loading conditions, pipe diameters, buried depths, and compactness of underlying soils, and the guidelines for pipeline protection were proposed based on the results of the model tests. It can lay a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the protection of buried pipelines.
Tectonic dynamics of the Zhongjiannan Basin in the western South China Sea since the late Miocene
Authors: Yin Zhengxin , Cai Zhourong , Yao Yongjian , Huang Qianru , Li Zhengyuan
Published: January 2023

The Zhongjiannan Basin is located west of the South China Sea (SCS) and was affected by the left-lateral strike-slip of the Red River Fault (RRF), the West Edge Fault of the South China Sea (WEFSCS) and the continental rifting of the South China Sea in the early Cenozoic. The Zhongjiannan Basin formed in a strike-pull basin with an S‒N distribution. During the middle Miocene, the sea spreading of the SCS stopped, but the dynamic mechanism of the Zhongjiannan Basin, which controlled the sedimentary and the structural evolution after the late Miocene, remains unclear. In this paper, through the segment interpretation of the latest seismic section in the Zhongjiannan Basin, we conduct a comparative study of the sedimentary structure in the southern and northern Zhongjiannan Basin since the late Miocene. Combined with the regional tectonic dynamics analysis, we propose that the sedimentary and structural evolution of the Zhongjiannan Basin since the late Miocene was mainly controlled by residual magmatic activity in the Southwest Subbasin (SWSB) after expansion stopped, and the compressional structure stress field weakened gradually from south to north. The compressional tectonic stress field from north to south was formed in the northern basin under the dextral strike-slip movement of the RRF. The sedimentary and structural environment was relatively stable in the middle basin. Therefore, the sedimentary-structure evolution of the Zhongjiannan Basin since the late Miocene was controlled by the two different structural stress fields. The above knowledge not only has guiding significance for oil and gas exploration in the Zhongjiannan Basin but also provides a reference for studying the initiation time of dextral strike-slip along the Red River Fault Zone, as well as the junction position between the RRF and the WEFSCS.
Pore structure and fractal characteristics of Wufeng–Longmaxi formation shale in northern Yunnan–Guizhou, China
Authors: Wang Tao , Tian Fenghua , Deng Ze , Hu Haiyan
Published: January 2023

In this study, the microscopic pore characteristics of shale in marine strata are evaluated. Based on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low-temperature N2 adsorption (LT-N2GA), low-pressure CO2 adsorption (LP-CO2GA) and high-pressure methane adsorption (HPMA) experiments, the pore characteristics of 12 shales from the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations in northern Yunnan and Guizhou are characterized qualitatively and quantitatively. Fractal Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) theory is used to analyse the fractal characteristics, and the adsorption pore characteristics of shale are discussed. The correlation between the fractal dimension and pore structure and adsorption performance is determined. The results show that the total organic carbon (TOC) contents of the 12 shales are in the middle–low level, ranging from 0.43% to 5.42%, and the shales are generally in the highly mature to overmaturity stage (vitrinite reflectance (Ro) values between 1.80% and 2.51%). The mineral composition is mainly quartz and clay minerals. The average clay mineral content is 40.98% (ranging from 24.7% to 63.3%), and the average quartz content is 29.03% (ranging from 16.8% to 39.6%), which are consistent with those of marine shale in the Sichuan Basin. FE-SEM and LT-N2GA isotherms reveal a complex shale pore structure and open pore style, mainly ink bottle-shaped and parallel plate-like pores. The total pore volumes (PVs) range from 0.012–0.052 cm3/g, and the specific surface area (SSA) values range from 18.112–38.466 m2/g. All shale samples have abundant micropores and mesopores, accounting for >90% of the total SSA. The fractal dimensions, D1 and D2, were obtained from N2 adsorption data, with different adsorption characteristics at 0–0.5 and 0.5–1.0 relative pressures. The fractal dimensions increase with increasing BJH PV and BET SSA and decrease with decreasing average pore diameter (APD). The fractal dimensions are positively correlated with the TOC and clay mineral contents and negatively correlated with the quartz content. The fractal dimension can be used to evaluate the methane adsorption capacity; the larger the fractal dimension is, the larger the methane adsorption capacity is. Fractal analysis is helpful to better understand the pore structure and adsorption capacity of shale gas reservoirs.
The reference intervals for thyroid hormones: A four year investigation in Chinese population
Authors: Xie Tiancheng , Su Mingchuan , Feng Jie , Pan Xiaoying , Wang Chuan , Tang Tian
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The reference intervals (RIs) are of great importance for physicans to determine whether or not an individual is healthy. However, many clinical laboratories in China still adopted the default RI provided by the manufacturers; and these “uncalibrated” RIs might lead to the misdiagnosis of diseases. In the present study, we enroll reference people with the purpose of determining the RIs of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Chinese population, and explore the possible roles of age and sex on the levels of biomarkers.

Methods

Serum samples from 66,609 individuals who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using an Roche Cobas E 601 hormone analyzer. The dynamic trends of biomarker were visually assessed by their concentrations over age and sex. Specific partitions were determined by the method of Harris and Boyd. RIs, corresponding to the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles, as well as the 0.5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 99.5th percentiles were calculated for each reference partition using a non-parametric rank approach.

Results

The serum level of T3, T4, FT4 or TSH showed a right-skewed distribution in both males and females while FT3 presented an approximate normal distribution. Females had a higher mode value of serum T3 or T4, but a lower mode value of serum TSH, FT3 or FT4. All five biomarkers did not need age partitioning according to the approach of harris and boyd, while T3 and FT3 need sex partitioning.

Conclusions

The present study not only determined the age- and sex-specific trends of the five thyroid hormones, but provided sex-stratified RIs for T3 and FT3, valuably contributing to the current literature and timely evaluation of thyroid health and disease.
Sequential algorithm to stratify liver fibrosis risk in overweight/obese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Lee Chi-Ho , Lui David Tak-Wai , Li Raymond Hang-Wun , Yuen Michele Mae-Ann , Fong Carol Ho-Yi , Leung Ambrose Pak-Wah , Chu Justin Chiu-Man , Mak Loey Lung-Yi , Lam Tai-Hing , Woo Jean , Woo Yu-Cho , Xu Aimin , Tse Hung-Fat , Tan Kathryn Choon-Beng , Cheung Bernard Man-Yung , Yuen Man-Fung , Lam Karen Siu-Ling
Published: January 2023

Background

Non-diabetic overweight/obese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents the largest subgroup with heterogeneous liver fibrosis risk. Metabolic dysfunction promotes liver fibrosis. Here, we investigated whether incorporating additional metabolic risk factors into clinical evaluation improved liver fibrosis risk stratification among individuals with non-diabetic overweight/obese MAFLD.

Materials and methods

Comprehensive metabolic evaluation including 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test was performed in over 1000 participants from the New Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study (HK-NCRISPS), a contemporary population-based study of HK Chinese. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were evaluated based on controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness (LS) measured using vibration-controlled transient elastography, respectively. Clinically significant liver fibrosis was defined as LS ≥8.0 kPa. Our findings were validated in an independent pooled cohort comprising individuals with obesity and/or polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Results

Of the 1020 recruited community-dwelling individuals, 312 (30.6%) had non-diabetic overweight/obese MAFLD. Among them, 6.4% had LS ≥8.0 kPa. In multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis, abnormal serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR 7.95, p<0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥2.5 (OR 5.01, p=0.008) were independently associated with LS ≥8.0 kPa, in a model also consisting of other metabolic risk factors including central adiposity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and prediabetes. A sequential screening algorithm using abnormal AST, followed by elevated HOMA-IR, was developed to identify individuals with LS ≥8.0 kPa, and externally validated with satisfactory sensitivity (>80%) and negative predictive value (>90%).

Conclusion

A sequential algorithm incorporating AST and HOMA-IR levels improves fibrosis risk stratification among non-diabetic overweight/obese MAFLD individuals.
A critical review on machine-learning-assisted screening and design of effective sorbents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture
Authors: Yang Zequn , Chen Boshi , Chen Hongmei , Li Hailong
Published: January 2023

Effective carbon dioxide (CO2) capture plays indispensable roles in closing the global carbon cycle, serving the sustainable production of energy, and achieving the grand 1.5 °C goal by 2050. Considering the diversity and complexity of CO2 capture materials, machine learning has stepped into this field years ago and become a powerful tool that promotes the screening and design of involving parameters. From these perspectives, this critical review firstly summarizes the technical backgrounds for the applications of ML-based methods in CO2 capture. Then, through categorizing the materials into two major groups, that is, adsorbents (containing metal organic frameworks, carbonaceous materials, polymers, and zeolites) and absorbents (involving ionic liquids, amine-based absorbents, and deep eutectic solvents), the applications of this effective tool in relevant areas are scrutinized. The major concerns remain to be further addressed are derived based on the above discussions, namely 1) the development of consistent and integrated databases, 2) the wise digitalization of inherent properties of materials, and 3) the validation of the accuracy of ML-derived results under practical scenarios. The main purpose of this critical review is bridging the previous achievements and further developments of ML-assisted design of CO2 capture techniques.
Radical innovation detection in the solar energy domain based on patent analysis
Authors: Feng Sida , Han Fang
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Detecting radical innovations in the solar energy domain could offer innovation references and support the promotion of solar energy. However, relevant studies in the solar energy domain are lacking, and the related methods need to be improved.

Methods: In this paper, a new framework to identify radical innovations in the solar energy domain is proposed by combining a technological convergence study and scientific relation analysis, and the link prediction method is utilized to detect potential radical innovations in this domain.

Results: 1) The distributions of both the technological classes and scientific categories are uneven in the solar energy domain. The top 15 technological classes account for nearly 75.46% of all classifications. Fifteen scientific categories are cited by all the patents, and applied physics, multidisciplinary material science, energy and fuels play important roles in this domain. 2) The relationships among technological classes have evolved over time and have mainly focused on neighbouring disciplines. 3) A total of 130 patents containing new convergence relationships and/or closely related to science are identified as radical innovations. Radical innovative topics are related to the subdomains of solar photovoltaic (solar PV), heat storage, heat exchangers, and solar collectors. 4) Five potential radical innovative topics are identified. Automatic plants for producing electric energy, solar energy ecology houses, and so on are considered to have great potential in the future.

Discussion: The results are consistent with the authoritative report and previous studies, which verify the viability of our methods. And the findings have important implications for scientists, policy-makers, and investors in this domain.
Features of nanoparticle composite-enhanced CO2 foam-flooding systems for low-permeability reservoirs
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhao Fajun , Niu Ruixia , Cao Sheng , Liu Lei , Song Yarui
Published: January 2023

This study examined an enhanced foam-flooding system incorporating nanoparticles and polymers under geological conditions of a reservoir of the Shu 16 block in the Yushulin oilfield. The system is mainly comprised of an anionic foaming agent (CQS-1) and a nonionic surfactant (FH-1). We screened 17 foams by evaluating their foaming volumes and foam half-lives using a Waring-blender and dynamic foam analysis methods, and nanoparticles were selected after examining each foam’s concentration, the ratio of the main agent to the auxiliary agent, and the dosage of the foam stabilizer. Then, we analyzed the selected system’s microstructure and rheological properties, including the adaptability of the reservoir to its temperature resistance, salt tolerance, and adsorption resistance. As a result, this study supports the field application of CO2 foam flooding.
Dynamic synthetic inertial control method of wind turbines considering fatigue load
Authors: Wang Hanbo , Liu Yingming , Wang Xiaodong , Guo Guoxian , Wang Liming
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a dynamic synthetic inertia control method, considering the fatigue loads of the wind turbine. The control objectives include reducing the rate of change of frequency and frequency nadir of the power system and the fatigue load of the shaft and tower of the wind turbine. A frequency regulation model of the power system containing the primary operating dynamics of the wind turbine is established. The dynamic synthetic inertia control method is proposed according to the relationship between fatigue load, wind velocity, and frequency. Case studies are conducted with a wind turbine fatigue load under a synthetic inertia control with different weights for different wind velocities and system loads. Therefore, the dynamic weights are obtained. Comparing the rate of change of frequency and frequency nadir and equivalent damage load, the efficacy of the proposed method is verified.
The effect of interfacial phenomena on gas solubility measurements in molten salts
Authors: McFarlane Joanna , Andrews Hunter B. , McAlister Abbey L. , Moon Jisue , Robb Kevin R. , Weber Charles F. , Ballard Andrew
Published: January 2023

The behavior of fission gases in molten fuel salt reactors governs activity transport from the reactor and can also affect the performance of the reactor itself. The gas solubility can be described thermodynamically by Henry’s law. However, the coupling of the condensed and gas phases depends on the interfacial area, which is difficult to measure or even to estimate. Surfaces of materials in the reactor will include disperse phases in the salt and porosity within the structural materials, covering a range of compositions and sizes. These attributes can affect measurements of fundamental properties such as gas solubility. Methods to obtain gas solubility, surface tension, interfacial energies, and bubble gas transport are reviewed. Recent data from manometric experiments are interpreted based on xenon sorption onto salt-wetted quartz.
Geothermal dynamic constraints of groundwater source heat pump system in shallow aquifers
Authors: Lin Fei , Ren Honglei , Wei Ting , Tao Yuezan , Li Yucheng , Yang Jie
Published: January 2023

Due to the temperature of shallow aquifers being affected by atmospheric temperature, groundwater source heat pumps (GWSHPs) become unstable and the operation efficiency of GWSHP is constrained. In the study, the coupling numerical simulation model of the groundwater flow field and temperature field is established based on the continuous monitoring results in an actual experimental site, and the water and thermal migration of shallow aquifer is simulated under the influence of the atmospheric environment. The influence of the dynamic change in ground temperature is analyzed on a GWSHP. The results indicated that the temperature of the shallow aquifer is affected by the external temperature, and the recharge temperature in the summer cooling period was 33°C, and that in the winter heating period was 6°C in the actual site, to avoid the occurrence of thermal penetration when there is a gap between the actual situation and the design situation, the single cooler can balance the insufficient cooling capacity in summer under the most unfavorable situation. The research results can also provide a reference for the development and utilization of geothermal energy resources in shallow aquifers.
Multi-step carbon price forecasting based on a new quadratic decomposition ensemble learning approach
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Tang Zhenpeng
Published: January 2023

Numerous studies show that it is reasonable and effective to apply decomposition technology to deal with the complex carbon price series. However, the existing research ignores the residual term containing complex information after applying single decomposition technique. Considering the demand for higher accuracy of the carbon price series prediction and following the existing research path, this paper proposes a new hybrid prediction model VMD-CEEMDAN-LSSVM-LSTM, which combines a new quadratic decomposition technique with the optimized long short term memory (LSTM). In the decomposition part of the hybrid model, the original carbon price series is processed by variational mode decomposition (VMD), and then the residual term obtained by decomposition is further decomposed by complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN). In the prediction part of the hybrid model, least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is introduced, and LSSVM-LSTM model is constructed to predict the components obtained by decomposition. The empirical research of this paper selects two different case data from the European Union emissions trading system (EU ETS) as samples. Taking the results of Case Ⅰ in the 1-step ahead forecasting scenario as an example, the prediction evaluation indexes eMAPE, eRMSE and R2 of the VMD-CEEMDAN-LSSVM-LSTM hybrid model constructed in this paper are 0.3087, 0.0921 and 0.9987 respectively, which are significantly better than other benchmark models. The empirical results confirm the superiority and robustness of the hybrid model proposed in this paper for carbon price forecasting.
Experimental study of dynamic characteristics of an ultra-large jacket offshore wind turbine under wind and wave loads using aero-hydro-structural elastic similarities
Authors: Xiong Gen , Lu Dongzhe , Pan Zuxing , Wang Wenhua , Li Xin , Liu Qingquan
Published: January 2023

Owing to the difficulties in the scaled rotor-nacelle assembly (RNA) and support structure design, and alleviation of small scaling effects, the limited dynamic model tests are conducted for the jacket offshore wind turbines (OWTs), which are extensively constructed in the offshore wind farms located in the depth of 40–50 m. To address this limitation, an integrated test method based on aero-hydro-structural elastic similarities is proposed in this study. It comprises a performance-scaled RNA model and a scaled support structure model. A redesigned blade model is adopted in the scaled RNA model to ensure the similarities of aerodynamic thrust loads without modifications of the scaled test winds. Moreover, auxiliary scaled drivetrain and blade pitch control are designed to simulate the operational states of a practical OWT. The scaled model of the OWT support structure is fabricated based on the joint hydro-structural elastic similarity, and the small scaling effects are mitigated by introducing sectional bending stiffness similarities. Subsequently, the dynamic model tests of an ultra-large jacket OWT under wind-only, wave-only, and combined wind and wave conditions are carried out. The accuracy of the fabricated OWT test model is validated based on the recorded responses, and the influence of the dominant frequencies on the dynamic responses of the OWT model is quantitatively evaluated using the wavelet packet-based energy analysis method. Further, the coupling mechanisms of the scaled OWT model under typical wind and wave loads are investigated, and the interactions between the environmental loads and OWT motions are proved.
A combined day-ahead and intraday optimal scheduling strategy considering a joint frequency regulation reserve scheme among wind, photovoltaic, and thermal power
Authors: Zhu Shulin , Wang Haiyun , Wang Weiqing , Chang Xiqiang
Published: January 2023

Under the premise of establishing a certain reserve power for frequency regulation, a new energy power plant (NEPP) transformed by frequency regulation control can participate in system frequency regulation. Considering the problem of cooperation between multiple NEPPs for reserve power for frequency regulation, this article presents a joint frequency regulation reserve scheme spanning wind, photovoltaic, and thermal power. A group of NEPPs composed of all NEPPs in the system works in the state of dynamic stepped output derating and participates in system frequency regulation together with thermal power units. Based on the joint frequency regulation reserve scheme and considering that the accuracy of new energy forecast directly affects the frequency regulation effect of NEPPs, we propose a combined day-ahead and intraday scheduling strategy considering the joint frequency regulation reserve scheme and derive the relevant scheduling model. The improved IEEE RTS 24-bus system is used as the test system for calculation. The results of the calculations show that the proposed strategy can optimize the participation scheme of frequency regulation of new energy, reduce the power and economic losses of new energy caused by participation in frequency regulation, and improve the ability of the power system to accommodate the output power of new energy under the premise of ensuring that the steady-state frequency deviation does not exceed the allowable frequency limits.
Lithium isotopes in marine food webs: Effect of ecological and environmental parameters
Authors: Thibon Fanny , Weppe Lucas , Churlaud Carine , Lacoue-Labarthe Thomas , Gasparini Stéphane , Cherel Yves , Bustamante Paco , Vigier Nathalie
Published: January 2023

Non-conventional stable isotopes have received increasing attention in the past decade to investigate multi-level ecological connections from individuals to ecosystems. More recently, isotopes from trace and non-nutrient elements, potentially toxic (i.e., Hg), have also been recognized of great significance to discriminate sources, transports, and bioaccumulation, as well as trophic transfers. In contrast, lithium (Li) concentrations and its isotope compositions (δ7Li) remain poorly documented in aquatic ecosystems, despite its possible accumulation in marine organisms, its increasing industrial production, and its demonstrated hazardous effects on biota. Here, we present the first Li isotope investigation of various soft tissues, organs or whole organisms, from marine plankton, bivalves, cephalopods, crustaceans, and fish of different biogeographical regions [North Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), South East Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia), and Southern Indian Ocean (Kerguelen Islands)]. Independently of the considered organisms, δ7Li values range widely, from 4.6‰ (digestive gland of bivalves) to 32.0‰ (zooplankton). Compared to homogeneous seawater (δ7Li ∼ 31.2‰ ± .3‰), marine organisms mostly fractionate Li isotopes in favor of the light isotope (6Li). Within the same taxonomic group, significant differences are observed among organs, indicating a key role of physiology on Li concentrations and on the distribution of Li isotopes. Statistically, the trophic position is only slightly related to the average Li isotope composition of soft tissues of marine organisms, but this aspect deserves further investigation at the organ level. Other potential influences are the Li uptake by ingestion or gill ventilation. Overall, this work constitutes the first δ7Li extensive baseline in soft tissues of coastal organisms from different large geographic areas mostly preserved from significant anthropogenic Li contamination.
How does goal framing effect influence household low-carbon behavior: The roles of environmental self-efficacy and global–local identity
Authors: Li Hongbo , Wang Li , Ou Yilin , Zhang Li
Published: January 2023

Introduction:Compared to carbon emission reduction from production, reduction from households is more required. This study explores the mechanism and boundary conditions of the effect of goal framing on household low-carbon behavior by drawing on the framing effect and social cognitive theory. The central questions posed in this research are whether, how, and under what circumstances goal framing affects household low-carbon behavior.

Methods:We tested the hypotheses in two studies. Study 1 investigated the main effect of whether the framing effect of climate change has a different influence on household low-carbon behavior. Study 2 further confirmed the main effect of this study and verified the mediating role of environmental self-efficacy and the moderating role of global–local identity.

Results:Across two experiments, we discovers: 1) Goal framing of climate change messages affects household low-carbon behavior. In particular, loss framing elicits a greater persuasive impact on household low-carbon behavior than gain framing. 2) Environmental self-efficacy plays a mediating role between the framing effect and household low-carbon behavior. Specifically, loss framing of climate change messages is more likely to increase residents' environmental self-efficacy than gain framing, which increases their household low-carbon behavior. 3) Residents' global-local identity moderates the effect of the framing messages on household low-carbon behavior. Among residents with a local identity, loss framing has a more powerful influence on household low-carbon behavior compared to gain framing. Among residents with a global identity, a significant difference between the effects of loss and gain framing on household low-carbon behavior is not found.

Discussion:The theoretical and managerial implications of the study are also discussed.
Is the impact of environmental regulation on enterprise green technology innovation incentives or inhibitions? A re-examination based on the China meta-analysis
Authors: Ren Gaofei , Chen Yaoyao
Published: January 2023

Environmental regulation and green technology innovation are the important driving forces to realize the peak of carbon and carbon neutralization strategy. However, whether environmental regulation can promote or inhibit green technology innovation, the existing literature research has not yet formed a consistent conclusion, and there is no literature to conduct a unified analysis of the relationship between the two. Based on 39 independent research papers published from 2006 to 2020, this paper integrates and analyzes the relationship between environmental regulation and enterprise green technology innovation and its corresponding dimensions in the context of China. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between environmental regulation and enterprise green technology innovation overall. There is a significant positive correlation between command-control environmental regulation, tax-based environmental regulation, enterprise green product innovation, green process innovation, and green R&D investment, but there are differences in intensity. At the same time, this study also found that the types of environmental regulation, industry characteristics, and economic regions moderate the relationship between environmental regulation and enterprise green technology innovation. These findings further clarify the differences of understanding on the relationship between environmental regulation and green innovation of enterprises, provide a new perspective for the inconsistency of existing relevant research conclusions, and provide new supporting evidence for the Porter hypothesis, which has important implications for the government to optimize environmental regulation policies to promote the development of green economy.
Mapping European high-digital intensive sectors—regional growth accelerator for the circular economy
Authors: Pirciog Speranta Camelia , Grigorescu Adriana , Lincaru Cristina , Popa Florin Marius , Lazarczyk Carlson Ewa , Sigurdarson Hallur Thor
Published: January 2023

Globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 act as shocks on regional labor markets and regional economies. The presence of a digital economy has high spillover effects on regional development, job creation, economic resilience, and sustainability; furthermore, it valuates eco-innovation and the clean economy. We believe that the process of digital transformation has a robust impact on the green and clean aspects of the entire economy. The consistency of high digital-intensive (HDI) sectors can be evaluated through high digital-intensive employment, human resources, and technological infrastructure, as these are the main pillars of digital transformation. The shift-share analysis method (SSM) is used in this study on employment growth during 2008–2018 for the EU27, the United Kingdom, and Norway, combined with a second stage of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). The findings on national growth, industrial mix, and competitiveness are presented in GIS mapping system considering the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) technique at the NUTS2 level. This approach allows us to determine the clustering level of high digital-intensive employment and sectors, resilience based on connectivity and eco-innovation, and the regional potential of digital transformation. Policymakers and political or governmental decision-makers could consider the results of the present study as the starting point for developing and implementing their policies for a sustainable green regional economy and determine the emerging area patches that need to be stimulated.
Optimization of the environmental protection tax system design based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: January 2023

Introduction: China achieved significant economic growth in the past two decades, and the sustained economic growth also brings negative implications for the environment. The Chinese government has introduced various fiscal reforms to mitigate the negative implication of the environment in the economy. Modernization of China's governance system and improvement of social development were the main goals of the 14th Five-Year Plan.

Methods: Literature combing method and Chart analysis method.

Result: Artificial intelligence promotes the efficiency of bonded governance environment and boosts national management modernization.

Discussion: This paper suggests that the artificial intelligence construction of the environmental protection tax system improves tax collection and management, tax payment service, and tax management. In addition, the government should adopt other strategies to promote a clean environment, such as tax exemption for green and cleaner production. Easy loans should be provided to the exports, especially those contributing to clean energy production.
Mechanisms of dust emissions from lakes during different drying stages in a semi-arid grassland in northern China
Authors: Qi Shuai , Ren Xiaomeng , Dang Xiaohong , Meng Zhongju
Published: January 2023

Semi-arid playas are important to grassland ecosystem species as an important source of global dust emissions. However, there is a lack of data on dust emissions during the different drying stages of grassland playas. In this study, we initially conducted the field experiments on two types of surfaces (intermittently dried and permanently dried) in playas located in semi-arid regions in northern China, and we measured dust emissions at five wind speeds in spring when wind erosion was frequent. The results showed that the intermittently dried surface was more prone to wind erosion, which was primarily due to the formation of a loose and fragile salt crust on the surface. In addition, the proportion of salt in the dust was higher than that for the permanently dried surfaces. Nevertheless, the total horizontal dust flux (1.13–2.3 g/cm2·min) from the intermittently dried surface was only 5%–15% that of the permanently dried surface (7.47–42.86 g/cm2·min). The dust content varied linearly with the height of the intermittently dried surface, and varied exponentially with the height of the permanently dried surface. The particles collected on the intermittently dried surface were larger (<63 μm) than those collected on the permanently dried surface (<10 μm), and the unit mass concentration of each ion (mainly Na+, Cl−, and SO42−) in the salt dust was also higher for the intermittently dried surface than for the permanently dried surface. Although salt dust was continuously released from the intermittently dried surface, the total amount released each time was limited. These results indicate that to attenuate the damage of salt dust storms, priority should be given to protecting permanently dried surfaces and reducing the supply of salt dust particles at the surface.
Changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of an urban stream fish assemblage: A 30-year perspective
Authors: Antoniazzi Reuber , Montaña Carmen G. , Peterson David , Schalk Christopher M.
Published: January 2023

Globally, freshwater fish diversity is rapidly changing in response to land use change, including urbanization. Time series of freshwater fish communities can help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of species loss and gains, as well as promote conservation strategies. Traditional approaches to understand the dynamics of fish assemblages is traditionally focused on taxonomic diversity, one aspect among many dimensions of biodiversity. Thus, using complementary analytical methods, such as functional diversity, can help researchers to develop a stronger predictive framework on the effects of the species loss or gains in response to urbanization. We assessed temporal changes of fish assemblages in an urban stream in East Texas between four seasonal surveys of 1989–1990 and 2018–2019. We explored the similarities and differences in species richness, composition, and functional diversity of fishes. Although the species richness and functional richness between the two time periods were similar, we observed changes in species composition. We also observed higher functional dispersion and evenness in the 2018–2019 assemblage compared to 1989–1990 assemblage. Some fish species were locally extirpated, while others colonized the system, increasing the functional diversity of the current assemblage. Urbanization has commonly been associated with declines in diversity and richness, however, our findings suggest that the addition of a few invasive generalist species (e.g., blue tilapia) and native tolerant (e.g., redbreast sunfish, blacktail shiner) in this stream system could be associated with increased human activities in this small, urbanized area in East Texas. Streams in East Texas support very diverse fish assemblages, with some sentinel species (e.g., imperiled shiners: Sabine shiner, a habitat-affinity, broadcast spawner) rapidly responding to stream alterations. Multiple stressors can underlie the dynamics and composition of fish assemblages; thus, it is essential for more comparative studies of current and historical data of fish assemblages. Likewise, studies targeting sentinel fish species may have more utility for the evaluation of freshwater ecosystems.