bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social relationship coping efficacy: A new construct in understanding social support and close personal relationships in persons with cancer
Authors: Merluzzi Thomas V. , Serpentini Samantha , Philip Errol J. , Yang Miao , Salamanca‐Balen Natalia , Heitzmann Ruhf Carolyn A. , Catarinella Antonio
Published: October 2018

Objective

Social relationship coping efficacy (SRCE) is the confidence to engage in behaviors that can maintain or enhance close social relationships in the context of illness. This study focused on psychometric analyses of the SRCE scale and its role in maintaining or enhancing personal relationships, social support, and quality of life (QOL).

Method

A mixed diagnosis sample (N = 151) of cancer patients completed a variety of measures: physical debilitation, received emotional and instrumental support, SRCE, and QOL.

Results

The SRCE scale is a 10‐item, one‐factor, internally reliable (α = 0.965) measure with strong concurrent validity in relation to measures of social support. SRCE fully mediated the relationship between physical debilitation and both instrumental and emotional received support. SRCE also was directly related to both social/family well‐being and psychological distress, and this relationship was also partially mediated by social support.

Conclusions

The results corroborated that SRCE might account for changes in both instrumental and emotional support. Also, the direct and indirect relationship (mediated by social support) of SRCE with both social/family well‐being and distress indicated that interventions to increase SRCE with those at risk for social support loss may bolster social support in personal relationships as well as enhance emotional well‐being and quality of life.
Preparation and Performance of Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate‐Based Composites by Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Xu Chuanhao , An Chongwei , Li Qianbing , Xu Shuai , Wang Shuang , Guo Hao , Wang Jingyu
Published: October 2018

Direct ink writing (DIW), a promising technology for manufacturing energetic materials, has been a hot topic in the micro‐scale charge of explosives. Herein, three kinds of pentaerythrite tetranitrate (PETN)‐based all‐liquid explosive inks were engineered and patterned using DIW. Scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and nanoindentation were used to characterize the printed samples. The density, thickness of single layer, impact sensitivity and critical size of detonation were measured and analyzed. Results show that PETN/EC/Viton exhibits excellent properties, specifically greater activation energy (148.09 KJ mol−1), elastic modulus (2.808 GPa), and characteristic height (49.9 cm, 2.5 kg), over the two other samples. Moreover, a directly deposited sample in small grooves can provide steady detonation above the size of 1×0.101 mm. These features all contribute to the application of micro‐size detonation to a certain degree.
Chemical safety board investigation reports and the hierarchy of controls: Round 2
Authors: Amyotte Paul , Irvine Yene , Khan Faisal
Published: October 2018

Twenty‐five reports of the US Chemical Safety Board over the period December 2009–May 2016 were analyzed for evidence of examples related to inherent safety, passive, and active engineered safety, and procedural safety. These measures were also analyzed for their contribution to incident prevention and consequence mitigation, as well as their applicability to specific elements of the PSM system recommended by the Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering. This work represents the continuation of a previous study that performed a similar analysis for 60 CSB reports written during the period 1998–2010. The update provided here further illustrates the significant value of CSB investigation reports in demonstrating lessons learned and in training and educational efforts.

Procedural safety was identified as the most common risk control measure cited in CSB reports, while the efficacy of inherent safety principles in incident prevention and mitigation has been consistently recognized by the CSB in its investigations. Risk reduction efforts aimed at incident prevention were found to be cited more often than those aimed at consequence mitigation. Active engineered safety measures were determined to be common among mitigation efforts due to the prevalence in the process industries of emergency alarms and fire suppression systems. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 37: 459–466, 2018
Hybrid Heteroepitaxial Growth Mode
Authors: Burrows Christopher W. , Hase Thomas P. A. , Bell Gavin R.
Published: October 2018

A “hybrid” surface growth mode is studied by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and ex situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. Heteroepitaxial growth of MnSb(0001) on GaAs(111) leads to the direct formation of islands, but the islands themselves grow in a local layer‐by‐layer fashion, having low aspect ratio and flat tops. Strained and relaxed islands co‐exist prior to island coalescence, confirming that dislocation formation occurs locally over a range of average film thicknesses.
Fisher information in confined isotropic harmonic oscillator
Authors: Mukherjee Neetik , Roy Amlan K.
Published: October 2018

Fisher information (I) is investigated in a confined harmonic oscillator (CHO) enclosed in a spherical enclosure, in conjugate r and p spaces. A comparative study between CHO and a free quantum particle in spherical box (PISB), as well as CHO and respective free harmonic oscillator (FHO) is pursued with respect to energy spectrum and I. This reveals that, a CHO offers two exactly solvable limits, namely, a PISB and an FHO. Moreover, the dependence of I on quantum numbers
n
r, l, m in FHO and CHO are analogous. The role of force constant is discussed. Further, a thorough systematic analysis of I with respect to variation of confinement radius r
c is presented, with particular attention on nonzero‐(l, m) states. Considerable new important observations are recorded. The results are quite accurate and most of these are presented for the first time.
Quantum‐classical transition of the dissipative wave packet dynamics for barrier scattering
Authors: Chou Chia‐Chun
Published: October 2018

A nonlinear equation based on the Schrödinger–Langevin equation is employed to analyze the quantum‐classical transition of dissipative systems for wave packet barrier scattering. The transition equation is obtained by subtracting a modified quantum potential term depending on a degree of quantumness in the Schrödinger–Langevin equation, and it provides a continuous description for the transition process of dissipative systems from purely quantum to purely classical regimes. Important properties possessed by the equation are derived. The energy dissipation rate of the dissipative system does not depend on the degree of quantumness. It is shown that the equations of motion for the expectation values of the position and momentum operators for dissipative systems hold for all the degree of quantumness. This feature establishes the correspondence between classical and quantum dissipative systems. Computational results for the transition process of dissipative wave packet dynamics and transition trajectories are presented and analyzed for model systems involving the propagation of a free Gaussian wave packet and the wave packet scattering from an Eckart barrier. Computational results demonstrate that the agreement between the classical‐limit transition trajectories and classical trajectories is excellent, except in some regions. The single‐valued transition wave function implies that transition trajectories cannot pass through the same configuration space point at the same time.
A Min‐Max conditional covariance algorithm for structure learning of Gaussian graphical models
Authors: Gao Wei , Ye Wenna
Published: October 2018

The Gaussian graphical models provide a useful statistical framework for analyzing the linear dependence among continuous random variables. In this paper, we propose a learning algorithm to reconstruct the graph structure of the high‐dimensional Gaussian random vector from observation data. The algorithm is constituted by two conditional covariance threshold tests to identify the presence of the edges. We present a procedure called Min‐Max conditional covariance to estimate the test statistics and prove that the proposed algorithm has high computational efficiency and asymptotic consistency. The performance of the proposed methods is confirmed through numerical simulations on synthetic data and through a real‐world application to foreign exchange data.
Concise Review: The Current State of Human In Vitro Cardiac Disease Modeling: A Focus on Gene Editing and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Hoes Martijn F. , Bomer Nils , Meer Peter
Published: October 2018

Until recently, in vivo and ex vivo experiments were the only means to determine factors and pathways involved in disease pathophysiology. After the generation of characterized human embryonic stem cell lines, human diseases could readily be studied in an extensively controllable setting. The introduction of human-induced pluripotent stem cells, a decade ago, allowed the investigation of hereditary diseases in vitro. In the field of cardiology, diseases linked to known genes have successfully been studied, revealing novel disease mechanisms. The direct effects of various mutations leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrythmogenic cardiomyopathy, or left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy are discovered as a result of in vitro disease modeling. Researchers are currently applying more advanced techniques to unravel more complex phenotypes, resulting in state-of-the-art models that better mimic in vivo physiology. The continued improvement of tissue engineering techniques and new insights into epigenetics resulted in more reliable and feasible platforms for disease modeling and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The introduction of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing granted the ability to model diseases in vitro independent of induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition to highlighting recent developments in the field of human in vitro cardiomyopathy modeling, this review also aims to emphasize limitations that remain to be addressed; including residual somatic epigenetic signatures induced pluripotent stem cells, and modeling diseases with unknown genetic causes. Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2019;8:66–74
Sum frequency generation study of immobilized 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane self‐assembled layer on Si(111) substrates
Authors: Khuat Thi Thu Hien , Liang Lin , Phan Trong Tue , Mizutani Goro , Rutt Harvey N.
Published: October 2018

Distribution and orientation of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) on a sensing surface play critical role on biosensor, but have not been fully investigated. In this work, the quality of APTES SAM immobilized on the Si(111) substrate was studied by observing sum frequency generation (SFG) response. The polarization, azimuthal angle, and position‐dependent SFG spectra of APTES coverage were obtained. In ppp and psp‐SFG spectra, the CH2 and CH3 vibrational and NH stretching modes were clearly seen around 3000 cm−1 and around 3300 cm−1 regions, respectively. The spp and ssp‐SFG spectra presented too weak signals that the vibrational regions were not clear. The positional and azimuthal angle dependence of the SFG spectra was observed from 0o to 360o with the step of 45o rotation around the surface normal. The 0° is defined as the [
] direction of Si(111) crystal lying in the incident plane and opposite to the incident k vectors. The appearance of the NH mode was observed to be strongly dependent on the position. The results indicate that the distribution and orientation of APTES molecules were not well ordered on the Si surfaces, suggesting that SFG is an efficient method to check the quality of APTES coverage immobilized on substrates.
Deep Eutectic Solvents as a New Generation of Chemical Chaperones
Authors: Niknaddaf Forouzan , Shahangian S. Shirin , Heydari Akbar , Hosseinkhani Saman , Sajedi Reza H.
Published: October 2018

Despite research efforts to unravel the role of naturally occurring deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) in living cells, there are still many questions left unanswered. The proposed hypothesis about the role of NADESs in cryopreservation and resistance of cells motivated us to investigate whether DESs might possess chaperoning activity. Accordingly, here, the chaperone‐like activity of a well‐known DES, urea‐choline chloride DES (UC), on a model protein, lysozyme, has been evaluated. The results showed that UC DES was not only capable of suppressing lysozyme aggregation almost completely, but also efficiently enhanced the refolding yield of the denatured enzyme by nearly 95%, thereby suggesting the chaperoning potency of DESs. The refolding promotion of lysozyme was also verified through fluorescence study. The results may introduce DESs as new generation chaperones and shed light on their role in cell resistance under stress conditions.
Polypyrrole and Manganese Oxide Composite Materials with High Working Voltage and Excellent Cycling Stability
Authors: Bai Ming‐Hua , Liu Rui , Yang Xiao‐Bo , Yu Zhan , Wang Ying , Zhao Zhen
Published: October 2018

In an aqueous mixture of manganese acetate, ammonium acetate and pyrrole, PPy and MnO2 composite materials (PPy‐MnO2) are synthesized by i‐t technology at 0.9 V vs. SCE. The influences of manganese acetate to pyrrole in the electro‐codeposition solution on morphologies and charge storage properties of the composite are discussed. PPy‐MnO2 composite materials as the electrode material exhibit a wide charge‐storage potential window of 1.2 V (between −0.3 and 0.9 V vs. SCE) and a high specific capacitance of 345.54 F g−1 at 2 mA cm−2. A symmetric flexible supercapacitor (PPy‐MnO2//PPy‐MnO2) is assembled by using PPy‐MnO2 composite electrodes. PPy‐MnO2//PPy‐MnO2 model supercapacitor displays almost 100% capacitance retention on the different bending angles. The energy density of 37.63 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 830 W kg−1 and an immense cyclic charge‐discharge stability, the specific capacitance is lost less than 3% after the 10,000 galvanostatic charge‐discharge cycles. The successful synthesis of high performance composite electrodes using electro‐codeposition method could open up new opportunities for high energy density supercapacitors.
High Electrical Conductivity 2D MXene Serves as Additive of Perovskite for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Zhanglin , Gao Liguo , Xu Zhenhua , Teo Siowhwa , Zhang Chu , Kamata Yusuke , Hayase Shuzi , Ma Tingli
Published: October 2018

MXenes, a newly intriguing family of 2D materials, have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent properties such as high electrical conductivity and mobility, tunable structure, and termination groups. Here, the Ti3C2Tx MXene is incorporated into the perovskite absorber layer for the first time, which aims for efficiency enhancement. Results show that the termination groups of Ti3C2Tx can retard the crystallization rate, thereby increasing the crystal size of CH3NH3PbI3. It is found that the high electrical conductivity and mobility of MXene can accelerate the charge transfer. After optimizing the key parameters, 12% enhancement in device performance is achieved by 0.03 wt% amount of MXene additive. This work unlocks opportunities for the use of MXene as potential materials in perovskite solar cell applications.
Flexible Transient Phototransistors by Use of Wafer‐Compatible Transferred Silicon Nanomembranes
Authors: Li Gongjin , Song Enming , Huang Gaoshan , Pan Ruobing , Guo Qinglei , Ma Fei , Zhou Bin , Di Zengfeng , Mei YongFeng
Published: October 2018

Flexible transient photodetectors, a form of optoelectronic sensors that can be physically self‐destroyed in a controllable manner, could be one of the important components for future transient electronic systems. In this work, a scalable, device‐first, and bottom‐up thinning process enables the fabrication of a flexible transient phototransistor on a wafer‐compatible transferred silicon nanomembrane. A gate modulation significantly restrains the dark current to 10−12 A. With full exposure of the light‐sensitive channel, such a device yields an ultrahigh photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 107 with a responsivity of 1.34 A W−1 (λ = 405 nm). The use of a high‐temperature degradable polymer transient interlayer realizes on‐demand self‐destruction of the fabricated phototransistors, which offers a solution to the technical security issue of advanced flexible electronics. Such demonstration paves a new way for designing transient optoelectronic devices with a wafer‐compatible process.
Biomarkers identification of Lycopodiaceae and Huperziaceae species from peninsular Malaysia with HPLC chromatographic profiling and partial least square analysis
Authors: Choo Chee‐Yan , Mohd Nor Nurul Ain , Sahidan NorShahidah , A. Latiff , Hitotsuyanagi Yukio
Published: October 2018

Crude herbal extracts are complex matrix consisting large quantity of plant metabolites. The identification of plant metabolite exhibiting bioactivity using the conventional bioactivity‐guided isolation process is a tedious and time‐consuming method. Club mosses from the Lycopodiceace and Huperziaceae families from Peninsular Malaysia is used as a model for this study since the alkaloid, (‐)‐huperzine A, exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibition and used for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using high‐performance liquid chromatographic profile and applying partial least square projection to identify the biomarkers. A high‐performance liquid chromatography gradient system with increasing amount of acetonitrile in deionized water and an ODS‐3 column (250 × 4.6 mm) was developed for the acquisition of the chromatographic profiles. A colorimetric assay was used to analyze the acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. Both the pretreated high‐performance liquid chromatography integration data and acetylcholinesterase inhibition results were subjected to chemometric data analysis. From the unsupervised principal component analysis results, no outliers were detected and the data was further subjected to partial least square projections. Two biomarkers were identified and were isolated and structurally elucidated as 6β‐hydroxyhuperzine A and (‐)‐huperzine A.
An overview on mixture design of self‐compacting concrete
Authors: Ashish Deepankar Kumar , Verma Surender Kumar
Published: October 2018

Self‐compacting concrete (SCC) was developed in 1988 and introduced by Professor H. Okamura to achieve durability of structures with low skilled laborers. The three properties of SCC that differentiates it from traditional concrete are passing ability, filling ability and segregation resistance. The present study highlights the developments concerning SCC in the period from 1995 to 2017. This information is important for researchers and professionals working in this area. SCC can be optimized to a larger extent to find the best alternative either by use of additives or tailor‐made mix design. Based on different principles and parameters, design methods can be categorized into six classes namely empirical design method, statistical factorial design method, strength‐based design method, rheology of paste method, particle packing method and Eco‐SCC mixture design method. To develop SCC with high quality a suitable method can be chosen depending upon the situation and application.
Underpinning the benefits of green banking: A comparative study between Islamic and conventional banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Sharmeen Kashfia , Hasan Rashedul , Miah Mohammad Dulal
Published: October 2018

This study aims to compare environmental motives and performance of conventional and Islamic banks in Bangladesh. Green compliance index was developed based on the Bangladesh Bank (the central bank of Bangladesh) guidelines whereas information regarding governance variables is collected from the annual reports of 9 Islamic and 31 conventional banks. Results show Islamic banks are more environmentally friendly compared to their conventional counterparts. Board size is negatively related to green compliance whereas board independence and auditor's type do not have any significant influence on green compliance for both clusters of banks. Compliance with green banking policies enhances the reputation for Islamic banks and accountability and profitability for conventional banks. Results of this study provide useful information for regulatory authorities to formulate policies that are conducive to enhance bank's environmental performance.
Infrared enhancement of supersymmetry in four dimensions
Authors: Giacomelli Simone
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We study a recently-found class of RG flows in four dimensions exhibiting enhancement of supersymmetry in the infrared, which provides a lagrangian description of several strongly-coupled N=2 SCFTs. The procedure involves starting from a N=2 SCFT, coupling a chiral multiplet in the adjoint representation of the global symmetry to the moment map of the SCFT and turning on a nilpotent expectation value for this chiral. In this note we show that, combining considerations based on ’t Hooft anomaly matching and basic results about the N=2 superconformal algebra, it is possible to understand in detail the mechanism underlying this phenomenon and formulate a simple criterion for supersymmetry enhancement which allows us to bypass the analysis with a-maximization. As a byproduct, we propose an algorithm to identify a lagrangian UV completion of a given N=2 SCFT under an RG flow of this type, provided there is one.
Influence of rare earth ion substitutions on the structural, optical, transport, dielectric, and magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Kershi R. M. , Ali F. M. , Sayed M. A.
Published: October 2018

Superparamgnetic Fe3O4and RE:Fe3O4(RE = Dy, Nd, La) nanoparticles with an average crystallite size in the range of 15–24 nm, were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, LCR bridge, and two-probe technique. X-ray diffraction patterns of all the investigated samples reveal the typical phase of magnetite structure, with a small contribution of orthoferrite (NdFeO3) as a secondary phase in Nd:Fe3O4sample. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the samples has values in the range from 41.8 to 52.3 emu/g, and decreases with RE ion doping depending on the ionic radius. Negligible values of the coercivityHcand remanenceMr, indicate the superparamagnetic nature of the investigated samples. The calculated values of indirect optical band gap of Fe3O4and RE:Fe3O4nanoparticles are in the range of 0.9–1.25 eV. The dielectric constant of the samples decreases, while their activation energy increases with the increasing of ionic radii of dopants.
Enhanced thermal shock and oxidation resistance of Si2BC3N ceramics through MWCNTs incorporation
Authors: Liao Ning , Jia Dechang , Yang Zhihua , Zhou Yu , Li Yawei
Published: October 2018

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reinforced Si2BC3N ceramics were prepared through mechanical alloying (MA) and following spark plasma sintering (SPS). The thermal shock resistance of Si2BC3N ceramics was evaluated comparatively through ice water quenching test and theoretical prediction. Furthermore, the oxidation resistance of MWCNTs incorporated Si2BC3N ceramics was evaluated under high temperature. The results show that the calculated parameters such as the critical thermal shock temperature (R) and the thermal stresses resistance (R
st), as well as the toughness (R″″) are improved with addition of 1 vol% MWCNTs. In addition, the crack propagation resistance of 1 vol% MWCNTs incorporated Si2BC3N ceramics is obviously improved through generating more tortuous crack propagation paths attributing to the “crack bridging”, “pull-out”, and “crack deflection” mechanisms of MWCNTs. Therefore, the residual strengths of 1 vol% MWCNTs containing specimens remained the highest after the thermal shock tests. Besides, the present work also reveals that the oxidation resistance is more sensitive to relative density than MWCNTs addition.
Paving the way for future technologies
Authors: Nagelsdiek René , Gunning Lee R.
Published: October 2018

Plastics additives are used to optimize almost all aspects of a system. They can positively influence the processing properties of a system as well as its mechanical and aesthetical properties and, ultimately, the quality of the final product. In this feature article, we present a new coupling agent especially developed to improve the fiber-matrix adhesion in carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). The additive is used in vinyl ester and unsaturated polyester resins that are processed with carbon fibers into composite components. Strengths transverse to the fiber and flexural properties are increased and therefore enable a greater design of freedom. The additive can be added at any stage of the composite production. This includes a new technology, so called “Second Sizing” which extends the possibilities of application, e.g. fabric manufacturers.
Multi-Level, Recursive Law and Development: Singapore’s Legal Role in ASEAN
Authors: HARDING Andrew
Published: October 2018

“Developed” states tend to reflect their own development experience in their dealings with “less developed” states, encouraging replication of their own solutions and processes. This is “recursive” law and development (LAD). This article examines the role of Singapore in LAD processes in the ASEAN region. It finds that Singapore’s LAD efforts are recursive and focused on rule-of-law and governance training, including especially anti-corruption methods. These are conducted not via a special agency, but via co-operation that is multilevel, multidimensional, and untrumpeted. LAD can learn lessons from this approach.
Utilizing the electronic health record to construct antibiograms for previously healthy children with urinary tract infections
Authors: Chao Yusuf Y. , Kociolek Larry K. , Zheng Xiaotian T. , Scardina Tonya , Patel Sameer J.
Published: October 2018

Traditional antibiograms can guide empiric antibiotic therapy, but they may miss differences in resistance across patient subpopulations. In this retrospective descriptive study, we constructed and validated antibiograms using International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes and other discrete data elements to define a cohort of previously healthy children with urinary tract infections. Our results demonstrate increased antibiotic susceptibility. This methodology may be modified to create other syndrome-specific antibiograms.
Understanding changes in the standardized antimicrobial administration ratio for total antimicrobial use after implementation of prospective audit and feedback
Authors: Griebel Meghan E. , Heintz Brett , Alexander Bruce , Egge Jason , Goto Michihiko , Livorsi Daniel J.
Published: October 2018

In this single-center study, the standardized antimicrobial administration ratio (SAAR) for total antimicrobial use decreased in response to a stewardship intervention. Antimicrobial prescribing and clinical outcomes were stable or improved during the period of lower SAARs. Our findings suggest that SAAR values of ~0.8 can be safely achieved.
Forced Labour, Roads, and Chiefs: The Implementation of the ILO Forced Labour Convention in the Gold Coast
Authors: Kunkel Sarah
Published: October 2018

This article analyses the implications of the Forced Labour Convention of 1930 on colonial labour policies for road labour carried out under chiefs in the Gold Coast. The British colonial administration implemented a legal application of the convention that allowed the continuation of the existing system of public works. In the Gold Coast, the issue of road labour was most prominent in the North, where chiefs maintained the majority of roads. Indirect rule became crucial in retaining forced labour in compliance with the convention. This article focuses on “hidden strategies” of British colonialism after 1930, contrasting studies of blatant cases of forced labour. The analysis is based on a close scrutiny of the internal discourse among colonial officials on the question of road labour and the Forced Labour Convention.
Separated spin evolution quantum hydrodynamics of degenerate electrons with spin–orbit interaction and extraordinary wave spectrum
Authors: Andreev Pavel A. , Trukhanova Mariya Iv.
Published: October 2018

To consider the contribution of the spin–orbit interaction in the extraordinary wave spectrum we derive a generalization of the separate spin evolution quantum hydrodynamics. Applying the corresponding nonlinear Pauli equation we include the Fermi spin current contribution in the spin evolution. We find that the spectrum of extraordinary waves consists of three branches: two of them are well-known extraordinary waves and the third one is the spin-electron acoustic wave. A change of the extraordinary wave spectrum due to the spin–orbit interaction is also obtained.
Phylogeny and comprehensive revision of mugiliform-infecting myxobolids (Myxozoa, Myxobolidae), with the morphological and molecular redescription of the cryptic speciesMyxobolus exiguus
Authors: Rocha S. , Azevedo C. , Oliveira E. , Alves Â. , Antunes C. , Rodrigues P. , Casal G.
Published: October 2018

Mullets inhabit a wide range of habitats from tropical to temperate regions and play a critical role in their ecosystems. This commercially important fish group constitutes a significant source of food in several geographic regions, and the production of some species for consumption is an increasing trend. About 64 myxosporean species have been reported in mullets, some of which are cryptic, as is the case ofMyxobolus exiguus, andM. muelleri. This paper provides, for the first time, a detailed and critical revision of the data available for myxobolids reported in mullets, determining the species that havebona fidemugiliform fish hosts, in accordance with the original species descriptions, the available molecular data and the currently accepted taxonomic and phylogenetic criteria. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood methodologies suggest that the evolutionary history of myxobolids withbona fidemugiliform fish hosts reflects that of its vertebrate hosts, while reinforcing known evolutionary factors and old systematic issues of the clade of myxobolids. A comprehensive morphological, ultrastructural and molecular redescription is also provided for the cryptic speciesM. exiguus, from infections in the visceral peritoneum of the thinlip-grey mulletChelon ramadain the River Minho, Portugal.
Battle of the Styles? Classical and Gothic Architecture in Seventeenth-Century North-East England
Authors: Pears Richard
Published: October 2018

Research over the last twenty years into seventeenth-century elite British architecture has questioned the view that Classical designs were the preserve of a narrow group of royal and aristocratic patrons at the Stuart court, and also that Inigo Jones was a ‘lonely genius’ misunderstood in his own lifetime but prophesizing the true Classicism that was to bloom in the eighteenth century.

The role of patrons in defining architectural styles has also been analysed, and it has been noted that Classicism was not the only style they favoured. For earlier historians, a perception that Classical architecture was an advance upon the Gothic style of medieval English buildings led to discussions of ‘Gothic survival’ or ‘Gothic revival’ and of a ‘Battle of the Styles’ in sixteenth-, seventeenth- and eighteenth-century buildings, with such patrons as Lady Anne Clifford (1590–1676), who commissioned and renovated buildings in Gothic style, being viewed as a ‘curiosity’ for not employing Classical style.
James Smith at Hamilton: a Study in Scottish Classicism
Authors: Di Mambro Rebecca
Published: October 2018

Despite the revived attention that James Smith's (c. 1645–1731) career has received since Howard Colvin's 1974 study of his Palladian drawings, his life and his work remain stubbornly enigmatic. An architect working in late seventeenth-century Scotland, Smith was a member of the Scots College of Rome before renouncing his Catholic faith and devoting himself to the creation of some of the country's most important architecture of the post-Restoration period. A scarcity of concrete evidence about his European architectural training contributes to his mystique, though progressive movements in the field of Scottish architectural history indicate that this dearth will be rectified in due course. Still, the extraordinarily varied character of his known works refutes easy categorization into the simplified brackets of ‘Baroque’, ‘Palladian’, or the more contentious ‘Neoclassical’, and so makes a coherent assessment of style difficult.
Robert Morris, Architecture, and the Scientific Cast of Mind in Early Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Hinchcliffe Tanis
Published: October 2018

Recent research into the history of science has alerted us to the rich cultural contribution a growing awareness of science made to eighteenth-century society in general and to the literate classes in particular. The boundaries of art and science, it has become apparent, were less stringently defined than today, and a growing literature is revealing the crossover from the visual arts to science, especially to medicine, optics, and the applied science of mechanics. It might be asked how far architecture, so close to the physical world in its materials and in its ambition, connected with science during the eighteenth century.
Apethorpe Hall and the Workshop of Thomas Thorpe, Mason of King’s Cliffe: A Study in Masons’ Marks
Authors: Alexander Jennifer S. , Morrison Kathryn A.
Published: October 2018

Apethorpe Hall (Fig. 1) in Northamptonshire, a Grade I listed country house, has been sorely neglected for the last twenty years. It is currently undergoing essential repairs in the hands of English Heritage, a situation that is providing architectural historians with an opportunity to examine the fabric of the building in greater detail than ever before. As part of this project — which will eventually result in the publication of a monograph — the masonry has been subjected to close study, yielding unexpectedly far-reaching results.
‘On the Formation of a National Museum of Architecture: the Architectural Museum versus the South Kensington Museum
Authors: Flour Isabelle
Published: October 2018

Architectural casts collections — the great majority of which were created in the second half of the nineteenth or the early twentieth centuries — have in recent years met with a variety of fates. While that of the Metropolitan Museum in New York has been dismantled, that of the Musée des Monuments Français in Paris has with great difficulty been rearranged to suit current tastes. Notwithstanding this limited rediscovery of architectural cast collections, they remain part of a past era in the ongoing history of architectural museums. While drawings and models have always been standard media for the representation of architecture — whether or not ever built — architectural casts seem to have become the preferred medium for architectural displays in museums during a period beginning in 1850. Indeed, until the development of photography and the democratization of foreign travel, they were the only way of collecting architectural and sculptural elements while preserving their originalsin situ. Admittedly, the three-dimensional experience of full-sized architecture in the form of casts, or even of actual fragments of architecture, played a considerable part in earlier, idiosyncratic attempts to display architecture in museums, indeed as early as the late eighteenth century. Nevertheless, it was only from the mid-nineteenth century that they became the preferred medium for displaying architecture. The cult of ornament reached its climax in the years 1850–70, embodied, in the field of architecture, in the famous ‘battle of styles’ and in the doctrine of ‘progressive eclecticism’, and, in the applied arts, in attempts at reform, given a fresh impetus by the development of international exhibitions. It is not surprising, then, that the first debate about architectural cast museums should have been generated in the homeland of the Gothic Revival and of the Great Exhibition of 1851. For it was in London that this debate crystallized, specifically between the Architectural Museum founded in 1851 and the South Kensington Museum (now known as the Victoria and Albert Museum) created in 1857.
Suburban Models, or Calvinism and Continuity in London’s Seventeenth-Century Church Architecture
Authors: Guillery Peter
Published: October 2018

The history of church architecture in seventeenth-century London lacks threads of continuity. It is dominated by two great men, Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren, whose contributions could not and did not straddle the whole metropolis or the whole of the century. Besides, the devising of a new church was too significant an act to be left entirely to those capable of architectural design. There is a related misconception that churches were seldom built in London between the Reformation and the Great Fire of 1666. Yet even within the City of London, numerous parish churches were rebuilt during this period, while Jones substantially remodelled Old St Paul’s Cathedral. Beyond the City, much more was happening. London’s earliest seventeenth-century suburban churches were broadly Gothic in style and medieval in type, while those built at the end of the century were entirely classical auditories. The same could be said of church building in a national context, although not without hefty qualification. What is fascinating, important, and insufficiently studied, is the nature of this transition and its wider historical meanings.
Gothic Sign, Protestant Realia: Templars, Ecclesiologists and the Round Churches at Cambridge and London
Authors: Miele Chris
Published: October 2018

The Gothic Revival moved forward in step with advances in medieval archaeology and history, the one feeding off the other and back again. As this process unfolded, historical understanding enabled the association of forms with ideas. For example, some Victorian architects favoured the Decorated style because a connection could be drawn between it and the power of the English state in its early maturity. Reasoning by analogy, this style could thus be seen as the model for a modern Gothic architecture appropriate to a new, dynamic age. However, the meaning of forms was rarely fixed. That this was the case is illustrated by the restoration at exactly the same time, the early 1840s, of two medieval churches, both typological copies of the same building, the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Though similar in their round plans, the intentions of those promoting each project were very different. The first, the Temple Church in London, was an essentially secular project; by contrast, the Round Church in Cambridge was restored for theological reasons. In different ways, these two projects also reflected contemporary ideas about Palestine and its archaeology.
Michelangelo's Laurentian Library: Drawings and Design Process
Authors: Cooper James G.
Published: October 2018

Re-examination of a key group of Michelangelo's sketches for the Laurentian Library, located in the monastic complex of Florence's S. Lorenzo, offers a new understanding of his design process and the project as it was built. While drawings by Michelangelo survive for all three of the library's intended spaces, this study concentrates on a number of drawings on four sheets for the entrance vestibule, orricetto, and the two drawings for what would have constituted the third space, the unbuilt rare books room. It offers a major revision of Rudolf Wittkower's pioneering study of the library's design stages, and will also allow for the identification and discussion of key precedents and their role in the development of Michelangelo's design. These included ancient Roman and Renaissance sources, as well as his own designs both for the unbuilt façade of S. Lorenzo, and for the Medici Chapel attached to the same church (Fig. 1). Consideration of the drawings for the Laurentian Libraryricettoin conjunction with letters written to Michelangelo from his Roman agent, Giovanni Francesco Fattucci, and the papal secretary Pier Paolo Marzi, recording Pope Clement VII's responses to a number of important design ideas, allows for a reliable reconstruction of Michelangelo's penultimate scheme for thericetto, which enables the recognition of a key ancient precedent that inspired Michelangelo, and throws new light on the genesis of the final design. It becomes clear, too, that Michelangelo would later rework certain design ideas that he developed in these Laurentian Library sketches for subsequent projects in Rome, including an early design for the Palazzo dei Conservatori, and also the final form of both this palace and the Palazzo Senatorio.
Analysis of spatial-temporal distribution and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in China, during 2008–2015
Authors: Zhang Y. , Wang X. L. , Feng T. , Fang C. Z.
Published: October 2018

At present, the number of people with tuberculosis in China is second only to India and ranks second in the world. Under such a severe case of tuberculosis in China, prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis are urgently needed. This study aimed to study the temporal and geographical relevance of the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis and the factors affecting the incidence of tuberculosis. Spatial autocorrelation model was used to study the spatial distribution characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis from a quantitative level. The research results showed that the overall incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (IPT) in China was low in the east, high in the west and had certain seasonal characteristics. We use Spatial Lag Model to explore influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis. It indicates that the IPT is high in areas with underdeveloped economics, poor social services and low average smoking ages. Additionally, the IPT is high in areas with high AIDS prevalence. Also, compared with Classical Regression Model and Spatial Error Model, our model has smaller values of Akaike information criterion and Schwarz criterion. Besides, our model has bigger values of coefficient of determination (R2) and log-likelihood (log L) than the other two models. Apart from that, it is more significant than Spatial Error Models in the spatial dependence test for the IPT.
Evaluating Mild Cognitive Impairment in Essential Tremor: How Many and Which Neuropsychological Tests?
Authors: Cersonsky Tess E.K. , Morgan Sarah , Kellner Sarah , Robakis Daphne , Liu Xinhua , Huey Edward D. , Louis Elan D. , Cosentino Stephanie
Published: October 2018

Objectives:Essential tremor (ET) confers an increased risk for developing both amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Yet, the optimal measures for detecting mild cognitive changes in individuals with this movement disorder have not been established. We sought to identify the cognitive domains and specific motor-free neuropsychological tests that are most sensitive to mild deficits in cognition as defined by a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5, which is generally associated with a clinical diagnosis of MCI.Methods:A total of 196 ET subjects enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal, clinical-pathological study underwent an extensive motor-free neuropsychological test battery and were assigned a CDR score. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the neuropsychological tests which best identified individuals with CDR of 0.5 (mild deficits in cognition)versus0 (normal cognition).Results:In regression models, we identified five tests in the domains of Memory and Executive Function which best discriminated subjects with CDR of 0.5versus0 (86.9% model classification accuracy). These tests were the California Verbal Learning Test II Total Recall, Logical Memory II, Verbal-Paired Associates I, Category Switching Fluency, and Color-Word Inhibition.Conclusions:Mild cognitive difficulty among ET subjects is best predicted by combined performance on five measures of memory and executive function. These results inform the nature of cognitive dysfunction in ET and the creation of a brief cognitive battery to assess patients with ET for cognitively driven dysfunction in life that could indicate the presence of MCI. (JINS, 2018,24, 1084–1098)
Native and non-native (L1-Mandarin) speakers of English differ in online use of verb-based cues about sentence structure
Authors: QIAN ZHIYING , LEE EUN-KYUNG , LU DORA HSIN-YI , GARNSEY SUSAN M.
Published: October 2018

This study examined whether L1-Mandarin learners of L2-English use verb bias and complementizer cues to process temporarily ambiguous English sentences the same way native speakers do. SVO word order places verbs early in sentences in both languages, allowing the use of verb-based knowledge to anticipate what could follow. The two languages differ, however, in whether an optional complementizer signals embedded clauses. In a self-paced reading experiment, native English speakers and L1-Mandarin learners of L2-English read sentences containing temporary ambiguity about whether a noun was the direct object of the verb preceding it or the subject of an embedded clause. Native speakers replicated previous work showing an optimally efficient interactive pattern of cue use, while non-native learners showed additive effects of the two cues, consistent with predictions of the Competition Model about learning how to use multiple cues in a second language that sometimes agree and sometimes do not.
Description of Ore Particles from X-Ray Microtomography (XMT) Images, Supported by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-Based Image Analysis
Authors: Furat Orkun , Leißner Thomas , Ditscherlein Ralf , Šedivý Ondřej , Weber Matthias , Bachmann Kai , Gutzmer Jens , Peuker Urs , Schmidt Volker
Published: October 2018

In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) image data of ore particle systems is investigated. By combining X-ray microtomography with scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based image analysis, additional information about the mineralogical composition from certain planar sections can be gained. For the analysis of tomographic images of particle systems the extraction of single particles is essential. This is performed with a marker-based watershed algorithm and a post-processing step utilizing a neural network to reduce oversegmentation. The results are validated by comparing the 3D particle-wise segmentation empirically with 2D SEM images, which have been obtained with a different imaging process and segmentation algorithm. Finally, a stereological application is shown, in which planar SEM images are embedded into the tomographic 3D image. This allows the estimation of local X-ray attenuation coefficients, which are material-specific quantities, in the entire tomographic image.