bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature integrity and exposure of vaccines to suboptimal temperatures in cold chain devices at different levels in three states of India
Authors: Das Manoja Kumar , Arora Narendra Kumar , Mathew Thomas , Vyas Bhadresh , Devi Salam Kabita , Yadav Abhishek
Published: June 2020

Objective

To document the temperature integrity at the vaccine storage devices at various levels in three states of India.

Methods

A total of 213 health facilities including 196 facilities (district and sub-district levels) from 27 select districts and 17 division or state level vaccine stores in three states were included. At these facilities, temperature in 223 vaccine storage devices was recorded for at least 7 consecutive days using electronic temperature datalogger.

Results

During the observation period, overall the vaccines were exposed to temperature < 0 °C for 14.8% of the storage time with 8.6, 6.7 and 18% at state/division, district and sub-district vaccine stores, respectively. The vaccines were also exposed to temperature > 8 °C for 6.6% of the storage time including 1.3, 13 and 5.1% at state/division, district and sub-district vaccine stores, respectively. Continuous episodes of temperature deviation for 45 min or longer to < 0 °C and > 8 °C was observed in 7.2 and 6.4% of the observation period, respectively. These temperature deviations were not captured by the routine temperature monitoring practice.

Conclusion

The vaccines were exposed to freezing temperature for a considerable period at all level stores, which was more than the exposure to higher temperature. To ensure vaccine potency and immunogenicity, stringent temperature integrity maintenance is needed at all levels.
Opportunities and challenges in providing health care for International Retirement Migrants: a qualitative case study of Canadians travelling to Yuma, Arizona
Authors: Pickering John , Crooks Valorie A. , Snyder Jeremy , Milner Trudie
Published: June 2020

Background

Increasing numbers of older individuals opt to spend extended time abroad each year for lifestyle, health, and financial reasons. This practice is known as international retirement migration, and it is particularly popular among retirees in Global North countries such as Canada. Despite the popularity of international retirement migration, very little is known about how and why health care is accessed while abroad, nor the opportunities and challenges posed for destination hospitals. In this article we focus on addressing the latter knowledge gap.

Methods

This qualitative case study is focused on the only hospital in Yuma, Arizona – a popular destination for Canadian retirement migrants in the United States. We conducted focus groups with workers at this hospital to explore their experiences of treating this transnational patient group. Twenty-seven people participated in three, 90-min focus groups: twelve nurses, six physicians, and nine administrators. Thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts was conducted using a triangulated approach.

Results

Participants identified three care environments: practice, transnational, and community. Each environment presents specific opportunities and challenges pertaining to treating Canadian retirement migrants. Important opportunities include the creation of a strong and diverse seasonal workforce in the hospital, new transnational paths of communication and information sharing for physicians and health administrators, and informal care networks that support formal health care services within and beyond the hospital. These opportunities are balanced out by billing, practical, administrative, and lifestyle-related challenges which add complexity to treating this group of transnational patients.

Conclusion

Canadians represent a significant group of patients treated in Yuma, Arizona. This is contrary to long-standing, existing research that depicts older Canadians as being reluctant to access care while in the United States. Significant overlaps exist between the opportunities and challenges in the practice, transnational and community environments. More research is needed to better understand if these findings are similar to other destinations popular with Canadian international retirement migrants or if they are unique to Yuma, Arizona.
Determinants of Cycling Performance: a Review of the Dimensions and Features Regulating Performance in Elite Cycling Competitions
Authors: Phillips Kathryn E. , Hopkins William G.
Published: June 2020

Background

A key tenet of sports performance research is to provide coaches and athletes with information to inform better practice, yet the determinants of athletic performance in actual competition remain an under-examined and under-theorised field. In cycling, the effects of contextual factors, presence of and interaction with opponents, environmental conditions, competition structure and socio-cultural, economic and authoritarian mechanisms on the performance of cyclists are not well understood.

Objectives

To synthesise published findings on the determinants of cyclists’ behaviours and chances of success in elite competition.

Methods

Four academic databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles. A total of 44 original research articles and 12 reviews met the inclusion criteria. Key findings were grouped and used to shape a conceptual framework of the determinants of performance.

Results

The determinants of cycling performance were grouped into four dimensions: features related to the individual cyclist, tactical features emerging from the inter-personal dynamics between cyclists, strategic features related to competition format and the race environment and global features related to societal and organisational constraints. Interactions between these features were also found to shape cyclists’ behaviours and chances of success.

Conclusion

Team managers, coaches, and athletes seeking to improve performance should give attention to features related not only to the individual performer, but also to features of the interpersonal, strategic, global dimensions and their interactions.
Correction to: The effect of black tea on human cognitive performance in a cognitive test battery
Authors: Rizwan Ashfique , Zinchenko Artyom , Özdem Ceylan , Rana Md. Sohel , Al-Amin Md. Mamun
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Musculoskeletal pain stakeholder engagement and partnership development: determining patient-centered research priorities
Authors: Beneciuk Jason M. , Verstandig Dorothy , Taylor Chuck , Scott Doug , Levin Joan , Osborne Raine , Bialosky Joel E. , Lentz Trevor A. , Buck Tava , Davis Anita L. , Harder Christina , Beneciuk Monika B. , Wittmer Virgil , Sylvester James , Rowe Robert , McInnes David , Fisher Tad P. , McGarrie Lisa
Published: June 2020

Background

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a global public health problem with increased societal burden. Increased attention has focused toward patient and other stakeholder perspectives when determining future MSK pain research priorities, however infrastructure and capacity building within the community are needed for individuals and organizations to participate in patient-centered outcomes research. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe our collaborative experiences with several MSK pain stakeholders and processes to identify a top priority research topic.

Methods

Lunch meetings and formalized workshops were used to develop infrastructure for engaging patients and other stakeholders with early capacity building for partners to identify MSK pain research ideas based on their personal experiences. Additional capacity building and engagement through literature searching further prepared partners to contribute informed decisions about MSK pain research topics and subsequent selection of an important research question.

Results

Several key deliverables (e.g., Governance Document, Communication Plan) were developed and completed over the course of this project to provide partnership structure. Other key deliverables included a list of preliminary comparative effectiveness research ideas (n = 8) and selection of shared decision making for MSK pain as the top priority research topic with patient partners identifying pain self-efficacy as an important outcome domain.

Conclusions

Our patient partners provided the catalyst for identifying shared decision making as a high priority research topic based on a wide spectrum of stakeholder perspectives and unique experiences. Patient partners were primarily identified using a single rehabilitation health system and clinician partners were heavily weighted by physical therapists which may have introduced selection bias.
Telling right from right: the influence of handedness in the mental rotation of hands
Authors: Cheng You , Hegarty Mary , Chrastil Elizabeth R.
Published: June 2020

Background

This study investigated the impact of handedness on a common spatial abilities task, the mental rotation task (MRT). The influence of a right-handed world was contrasted with people’s embodied experience with their own hands by testing both left- and right-handed people on an MRT of right- and left-hand stimuli. An additional consideration is the influence of matching the shape of the hand stimuli with the proprioception of one’s own hands. Two orthogonal hypothesis axes were crossed to yield four competing hypotheses. One axis contrasted (i) embodied experience versus (ii) world knowledge; the other axis contrasted (a) the match between the visual image of a hand on the screen and one’s own hand versus (b) the resemblance of the shape outline information from the hand stimuli with the proprioception of one’s own hands.

Results

Among people with mixed handedness, right-handers performed more accurately for left-hand stimuli, while left-handers had a trend for higher accuracy for right-hand stimuli. For people with extreme handedness, right-handers outperformed left-handers. Regardless of group, there was no significant variation in performance for left-hand stimuli, with only right-hand stimuli producing significant variation.

Conclusions

No hypothesis fully aligned with all the data. For left-hand stimuli, the consistent performance across groups does not provide support for embodied experience, while world knowledge might influence all groups similarly. Alternatively, the within-group variation for mixed-handed people supports embodied experience in the hand MRT, likely processed through visual-proprioceptive integration.
Clinical significance of p27 Kip1 expression in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Alrehaili Amani A. , AlMourgi Majed , Gharib Amal F , Elsawy Wael H , Ismail Khadiga Ahmed , Hagag Howaida Mahmoud , Anjum Farah , Raafat Nermin
Published: June 2020

Background

Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy. In patients with advanced ovarian cancer, some biological parameters have prognostic implementations. P27kip1 is an inhibitor of a cycline-dependent kinase, its loss, can contribute to tumor progression.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the importance of P27KIP1 protein in predicting the prognosis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer and to compare the outcomes of immunohistochemistry with Quantitative Real-time PCR.

Patients and methods

We have studied P27KIP1expression by both immunohistochemistry and Quantitative Real-time PCR from 88 patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas undergone radical debulking surgery and received Paclitaxel followed by Cisplatin every 3 weeks for a total of 6 cycles. We also studied their association with both chemotherapy response and patient survival.

Results

Nuclear expression of p27KIP1 protein was intense in 86 normal ovarian tissues and 42 of 88 carcinomas. The P27kip1mRNA expression level by qRT-PCR was very low in ovarian cancer tissues relative to its adjacent normal tissues. The results were statistically significant by both methods of determination. p27KIP1 expression was significantly related to good prognostic parameters as low stage tumors, differentiated tumors, absence of ascites, residual disease < 2 cm, and response to chemotherapy but not with histopathological type in case of determination by immunohistochemistry. Comparison of P27kip1 by both immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR with different prognostic parameters revealed no significant difference between both methods in the assessment of these parameters. In 4 years of follow-up, 20.5% of patients were alive without evidence of disease. 6.8% were alive with disease. The disease-related four -year survival rate for the whole group was 28.2%. In multivariate analysis, residual disease, histological type, tumor differentiation, ascites was of independent prognostic significance.

Conclusion

In ovarian cancer, patients with loss of p27KIP1 expression are at a greater likelihood of disease progression, p27KIP1 may be used as a molecular marker to predict response to chemotherapy and prognosis. Both immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR have equal reliability in the determination of p27 KIP1.
Antiplasmodial activities of Morinda lucida (Benth) and Alstonia boonei (De wild) in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Afolabi Olajide Joseph , Abejide Adekemi Eunice
Published: June 2020

Background

This study focused on the antiplasmodial activities of two botanicals: Morinda lucida and Alstonia boonei used in malaria treatment. The in vivo activity of the plants against established Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection was evaluated in 75 experimental mice randomly distributed into 15 groups and treated with extracts of M. lucida and A. boonei, combined recipe of the two plants at graded doses of 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg and chloroquine at 10 mg/kg.

Results

The results revealed that the percentage parasitemia was higher in the infected untreated mice (18.40%) than the treated mice. Among the treated mice, the highest percentage parasitemia (6.0%) was obtained in mice treated with 800 mg/kg of A. boonei while the lowest percentage parasitemia (0.0%) was obtained in mice treated with 10 mg/kg of chloroquine. Chloroquine eliminated all the parasites (100% clearance) when compared to the percentage clearance by the plant extracts. For the plant extracts, antiplasmodial activity was highest with the combined recipe of M. lucida and A. boonei at 800 mg/kg (92%) and lowest at 800 mg/kg (45%) of M. lucida. Meanwhile, the optimal antiplasmodial activity (83%) of M. lucida was obtained at 400 mg/kg and that of A. boonei was obtained at 600 mg/kg (85%).

Conclusions

This study revealed that the two plant extracts under the study have antiplasmodial activities which are promising in reducing the morbidity and mortality of drug-resistant malaria in endemic communities.
History, ethnicity, and policy analysis of organic farming in Japan: when “nature” was detached from organic
Authors: Miyake Yoshitaka , Kohsaka Ryo
Published: June 2020

The ratio of organic farming in Japan stagnated in terms of area and involved farmers despite the richness in history symbolized in terms such as the Fukuoka methods or the more recentTeikei. This paper first reviews the historical development of Japan’s organic agriculture from the 1930s (first epoch), regarding Japanese ethnicity and its roots and relationships to nature. Based on this analysis, we critically evaluate policy development from the 1990s (second epoch). Here, we provide potential explanation for the low ratio of organic agriculture in Japan. By combing the conceptual analysis of ethnicity and organic movements, the underpinning factors that underlie the development of organic farming are analyzed both from historical and cultural contexts. Natural farming is a separate individual practice in Japan, with its own philosophical backgrounds. This initial 1930s terminology of “natural farming” or shizen nōhō (自然農法) was translated into yūki nōgyō (有機農業) in the 1970s. This review claims that the meaning of organic agriculture got too narrow to promote organic agriculture with the governmental intervention and standardization from the 1990s. The initial phase of yūki nōgyō also had such a problem as the concept became increasingly institutionalized through government standardization and policy from the 1990s. Currently, at the conceptual level, the linkage to nature, i.e., “shizen,” is confined into “non-use of chemical components” through formal institutionalization, and the ethnic elements or philosophical and historical roots are neglected. Similar phenomena of “commodification of organic farming” are widely known in matured markets in the USA and Europe, but the discrepancy of “nature” and “organic” agriculture is particularly also observed in contemporary Japan.
The use of tissue Doppler imaging in the assessment of diastolic dysfunction in children with chronic lung diseases
Authors: Draz Iman H. , Mostafa Fatma El Zahraa , AbdelMassih Antoin F. , El-Sayed Dalia , El-Kaffas Rania
Published: June 2020

Background

Chronic lung diseases (CLD) in children such as bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease represent a major public health problem with limited therapeutic options. These patients develop pulmonary hypertension (and core-pulmonale in severe cases) because of the recurrent hypoxia and chronic inflammation; which results in right heart enlargement and ventricular hypertrophy. The early identification and convenient treatment of diastolic dysfunction can prevent further complications of the disease including diastolic heart failure and death. We aim to demonstrate the usefulness of tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography (TDI) in the detection of subtle myocardial affection in interstitial lung disease and bronchiectasis as subgroups of (CLD) in children. We studied echocardiographic parameters of 40 pediatric patients with chronic lung disease using conventional M mode and tissue Doppler imaging and compared them with 40 healthy controls of matching age and sex distribution.

Results

Myocardial performance index (MPI) showed that 28 subjects had abnormal right ventricular (RV) MPI (10 with severe affection ≥ 0.6) and 21 subjects had abnormal LV MPI (11 severe affections ≥ 0.6). Thirty percent (30%) of the cases had affected lateral E/E' and 47.5% had affected septal E/E' when compared to controls. Grades of diastolic dysfunction were: 0, 1, 2, 3 in 18, 15, 6, and 1 patients, respectively. MPI LV and MPI RV showed statistically higher values in patients compared to controls (P< 0.001).

Conclusion

This study proved that TDI can accurately detect subtle myocardial dysfunction in pediatric CLD patients.
Assessment of the validity of image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) in abdominal neuroblastoma
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Hassan Ali , Mahmoud Ikram Hamed , Seif El Dein Hadeel Mohammed , Sallam Kareem Raouf , Wahba Hisham Samir
Published: June 2020

Background

Neuroblastoma is the third most common childhood cancer. It is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood. It accounts for about 15% of all pediatric cancer fatalities.

The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) Project proposed a new staging system which is dependent on whether image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) are or are not present, and IDRFs are surgical risk factors, detected on images, that make total tumor excision risky or difficult.

The purpose of the study is to assess the validity of using the image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) of abdominal neuroblastoma as predictors of the surgical resectability and complications.

Methods

We retrospectively studied the clinical, imaging, and surgical data of 43 patients with abdominal neuroblastoma, and then the results were correlated with each. For comparing categorical data, chi-square (χ2) test was performed. P values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Results

At least 1 pre-operative IDRF was present in 33 cases (76.7%), and they were absent in 10 cases (23.3%). There was statistical significant correlation between the pre-operative IDRFs and surgical resectability, and the complete resection rate if no IDRF was found was 80% in this study. Out of the 13 cases with surgical complications, pre-operative IDRFs were present in 12 cases.

Conclusion

The neuroblastoma IDRFs are useful predictors of the surgical resectability and the risk of surgical complications and should be considered in surgical planning.
Convolutional neural networks for microseismic waveform classification and arrival picking
Authors: Zhang Guoyin , Lin Chengyan , Chen Yangkang
Published: June 2020

Microseismic data have a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Existing waveform classification and arrival-picking methods are not effective enough for noisy microseismic data with low S/N. We have adopted a novel antinoise classifier for waveform classification and arrival picking by combining the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and the convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed CWT-CNN classifier is applied to synthetic and field microseismic data sets. Results show that CWT-CNN classifier has much better performance than the basic deep feedforward neural network (DNN), especially for microseismic data with low S/N. The CWT-CNN classifier has a shallow network architecture and small learning data set, and it can be trained quickly for different data sets. We have determined why CWT-CNN has better performance for noisy microseismic data. CWT can decompose the microseismic data into time-frequency spectra, where effective signals and interfering noise are easier to distinguish. With the help of CWT, CNN can focus on the specific frequency components to extract useful features and build a more effective classifier.
Urban Pedogeneses
Authors: Meulemans Germain
Published: June 2020

This article examines the rise of urban soils as a topic of scientific inquiry and ecological engineering in France, and questions how new framings of soil as a material that can be designed reconfigure relationships between urban life and soils in a context of fast-growing cities. As a counterpoint to the current situation, the article first examines how the hard-surfacing of Paris, in the nineteenth century, sought to background the vital qualities of soils in urban areas, making their absence seem perfectly stable and natural. It then shows how the new urban soil science moved away from classical descriptive approaches to soils, and set out to fabricate soils as a research experiment on anthropo-pedogenesis. In the French context, urban soil scientists soon formed new bonds with the worlds of urbanism, administration, and waste management, reframing their approach as a technical response to issues brought by sprawling cities, backgrounding soils again under a trope centered on the management of soil services. These stories allow to critically inhabit soil scientists’ claim that humans participate in pedogenesis by examining the specific conditions in which modern modes of being in the world and urban soils become entangled or disentangled in modern metropolis.
Ethical Acknowledgment of Soil Ecosystem Integrity amid Agricultural Production in Australia
Authors: O’Brien Anne Therese
Published: June 2020

The growing adoption of no-till cropping and other minimal-impact farming practices in recent decades signals a shift in how soil is understood and valued. Eschewing vigorous disturbance, standard in the West (and beyond) since the Neolithic Revolution, farmers instead learn to intervene with the soil profile more sensitively. This article focuses on the concept of soil integrity and its significance for farmers’ ethical relationship to soils in everyday practice, using the case study of pasture cropping, an Australian form of agriculture that extends no-till methods to embrace ecological relationships within and beyond the soil. Prioritizing the integrity of soil ecosystems often requires reconceiving what soil is and should be. Soil can be difficult to see as ethically significant partly because it often appears as a granular bulk good, seemingly featureless and fungible. To counteract this, farmers who care for soil integrity use various heuristic and aesthetic strategies to render soil integrity more perceptible and intelligible. The author considers how a keener perception of soil integrity may enable greater attunement toward the soil condition, acknowledgement of soil distress, and thus ethical responsiveness. The article considers this through a broader discussion of phenomenological ethics.
Everyday Ecocide, Toxic Dwelling, and the Inability to Mourn
Authors: Jones Owain , Rigby Kate , Williams Linda
Published: June 2020

In responding to the spatiotemporally specific geographies of extinction charted in the articles in this special section, this article reflects on the sociocultural factors that inform the ways in which extinction is framed and impede recognition of the enormity of the anthropogenic extinction event in which we are all bound. This article argues that we are living in an era of ecocide, where the degradation of biodiversity and eradication of species go hand-in-hand with the degradation and eradication of nonmodern culture and identity, and it explores some possible reasons why modern society is failing to respond to impending crisis. Fine-grained stories of spatiotemporally specific geographies of extinction can help to counter the logic of colonization and bring everyday ecocide into view. For the particular multispecies communities they concern, they can also feed into the creation of ritual practices of penitential mourning in ways that enable a collective grieving process poised to activate an ecosocial transformation. The authors consider the implications of grief and mourning—and of not mourning—in what can be seen as not only a terrible time but also the end of (lived) time. They conclude with some reflections of local acts of resistance, witnessing, and narrative.
Dynamic neurotransmitter specific transcription factor expression profiles during Drosophila development
Authors: Estacio-Gómez Alicia , Hassan Amira , Walmsley Emma , Le Lily Wong , Southall Tony D.
Published: June 2020

The remarkable diversity of neurons in the nervous system is generated during development, when properties such as cell morphology, receptor profiles and neurotransmitter identities are specified. In order to gain a greater understanding of neurotransmitter specification we profiled the transcription state of cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in vivo at three developmental time points. We identified 86 differentially expressed transcription factors that are uniquely enriched, or uniquely depleted, in a specific neurotransmitter type. Some transcription factors show a similar profile across development, others only show enrichment or depletion at specific developmental stages. Profiling of Acj6 (cholinergic enriched) and Ets65A (cholinergic depleted) binding sites in vivo reveals that they both directly bind the ChAT locus, in addition to a wide spectrum of other key neuronal differentiation genes. We also show that cholinergic enriched transcription factors are expressed in mostly non-overlapping populations in the adult brain, implying the absence of combinatorial regulation of neurotransmitter fate in this context. Furthermore, our data underlines that, similar to Caenorhabditis elegans, there are no simple transcription factor codes for neurotransmitter type specification.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
LA BONNE FOI ET LE PRECEDENT: BHASIN C. HRYNEW ET LA COMMON LAW CANADIENNE
Authors: Pallard Henri R. , Giroux Michel
Published: June 2020

En common law canadienne, la bonne foi dans les obligations contractuelles se limite à des domaines précis ; il n’y a pas d’obligation générale. Dans Bhasin c. Hrynew, la Cour suprême du Canada à cherché à pallier cette insuffisance en posant un principe directeur général de bonne foi et une obligation d’agir honnêtement dans l’exécution de ses obligations contractuelles. Elle laissait aux cours inférieures la tâche de déterminer les modalités de mise en application du nouveau principe. La Cour a utilisé la méthodologie de la common law pour sortir des limites analytiques restreintes de la common law et élargir la portée de la bonne foi. Or ce précédent n’a pas eu l’effet escompté. La définition limitée de la bonne foi donnée par la Cour suprême du Canada a conduit les cours inférieures à réduire Bhasin c. Hrynew à un cas d’espèce. Devant l’indétermination du principe et de sa portée, les cours d’appel ont utilisé une gamme de techniques pour le distinguer, entre autres, un recours aux règles de la common law pour limiter son champ d’application au lieu d’un recours à la nouvelle décision pour modifier les règles de la common law. Le Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) et le Code civil du Québec (CCQ), auxquels la Cour s’était référée pour justifier l’introduction du principe directeur général en common law fournissait une feuille de route pour son élaboration que les juridictions inférieures ont refusé de suivre.
OS MANIFESTOS DE CRIAÇÃO DE CRIPTOMOEDAS: ELEMENTOS POLÍTICO-IDEOLÓGICOS NOS WHITE PAPERS E SUA CONSIDERAÇÃO POR REGULADORES
Authors: Quirino Carina De Castro , Cunha Marcella Brandão Flores da
Published: June 2020

O artigo busca identificar se os white papers que acompanham o lançamento de criptomoedas trazem discursos/posicionamentos meramente técnicos. A pesquisa se justifica por haver uma crescente discussão a respeito da regulação de criptomoedas, diante de um cenário em que parecem ter sido criadas justamente para se afastarem da longa manus do Estado. Em um primeiro momento, foi analisada a conceituação de white paper e seus propósitos, para que então se pudesse compreender o que, de fato, é o mais relevante da pesquisa: o conteúdo de white papers lançados com as criptomoedas de maior market cap no momento de realização da pesquisa, de modo a aferir se era possível identificar a presença de conteúdo político-ideológico aliado ao conteúdo técnico nesses documentos. Em razão do resultado apresentado, considera-se que elementos político-ideológicos em white papers podem servir ao agente regulador no seu processo de tomada de decisão, seja para decidir regular ou não criptomoedas, mas também para definir os limites de sua atuação.
LEGALIMPLICATIONS OF STREET ART AS A ‘DEMOCRATIZED’/’OPEN’ FORM OF ART
Authors: Bastos Fernando Loureiro
Published: June 2020

The prestige of street art as an artistic expression has increased year after year. The analysis of its legal implications must take into account the difficulties in reaching a general operative concept of street art and the need to legally frame the creation, preservation and transaction of street art productions. Since the legal concept is not equivalent to the theoretical concept or the history of art, each State and even each municipality can create their own legal concepts, acting in accordance with these specific concepts in order to control production, to punish execution as vandalism or, in contrast, to protect works produced as part of their cultural heritage. Although street art is created in and for open spaces, usually as an ephemeral art, the commercial interest in street art productions raises questions of due diligence during its transaction, such as those related to ownership, authenticity and even provenance. As an expression of an artistic movement started about half a century ago, can street art works be equated with “traditional” works of art (such as “goods” or “merchandises”), being subject to ownership, commercial sale and copyright, or must they be appreciated as artifacts that can be preserved as part of the cultural heritage or, alternatively, starting from the specific artistic and creative intent of the artist, be understood as a type of works of art that require the creation of new legal categories and forms of understanding its meaning?
Impact of 1.5 oC and 2 oC global warming scenarios on malaria transmission in East Africa
Authors: Ogega Obed Matundura , Alobo Moses
Published: June 2020

Background: Malaria remains a global challenge with approximately 228 million cases and 405,000 malaria-related deaths reported in 2018 alone; 93% of which were in sub-Saharan Africa. Aware of the critical role than environmental factors play in malaria transmission, this study aimed at assessing the relationship between precipitation, temperature, and clinical malaria cases in E. Africa and how the relationship may change under 1.5 oC and 2.0 oC global warming levels (hereinafter GWL1.5 and GWL2.0, respectively).

Methods: A correlation analysis was done to establish the current relationship between annual precipitation, mean temperature, and clinical malaria cases. Differences between annual precipitation and mean temperature value projections for periods 2008-2037 and 2023-2052 (corresponding to GWL1.5 and GWL2.0, respectively), relative to the control period (1977-2005), were computed to determine how malaria transmission may change under the two global warming scenarios.

Results: A predominantly positive/negative correlation between clinical malaria cases and temperature/precipitation was observed. Relative to the control period, no major significant changes in precipitation were shown in both warming scenarios. However, an increase in temperature of between 0.5 oC and 1.5 oC and 1.0 oC to 2.0 oC under GWL1.5 and GWL2.0, respectively, was recorded. Hence, more areas in E. Africa are likely to be exposed to temperature thresholds favourable for increased malaria vector abundance and, hence, potentially intensify malaria transmission in the region.

Conclusions: GWL1.5 and GWL2.0 scenarios are likely to intensify malaria transmission in E. Africa. Ongoing interventions should, therefore, be intensified to sustain the gains made towards malaria elimination in E. Africa in a warming climate.
Functional Limit Theorems for Shot Noise Processes with Weakly Dependent Noises
Authors: Pang Guodong , Zhou Yuhang
Published: June 2020

We study shot noise processes when the shot noises are weakly dependent, satisfying the ρ-mixing condition. We prove a functional weak law of large numbers and a functional central limit theorem for this shot noise process in an asymptotic regime with a high intensity of shots. The deterministic fluid limit is unaffected by the presence of weak dependence. The limit in the diffusion scale is a continuous Gaussian process whose covariance function explicitly captures the dependence among the noises. The model and results can be applied in financial and insurance risks with dependent claims as well as queueing systems with dependent service times. To prove the existence of the limit process, we employ the existence criterion that uses a maximal inequality requiring a set function with a superadditivity property. We identify such a set function for the limit process by exploiting the ρ-mixing condition. To prove the weak convergence, we establish the tightness property and the convergence of finite dimensional distributions. To prove tightness, we construct two auxiliary processes and apply an Ottaviani-type inequality for weakly dependent sequences.
ECG of the month
Authors: Bloe Charlie
Published: June 2020

In this issue's ECG of the month, Charles Bloe discusses the case of a 58-year-old woman presenting with palpitations
COVID-19: what are the physical and mental challenges?
Authors: Winter George F
Published: June 2020

George F Winter gives an overview of the impact of the coronavirus on healthcare workers and pregnant women
The challenges of small animal veterinary anaesthesia in 2020
Authors: Murrell Jo
Published: June 2020

Veterinary anaesthesia may be facing new challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the potential for shortages of cylinders of oxygen and some drugs in veterinary practice if resources are diverted to the NHS. This article prepares the veterinary surgeon in the event of such shortages, and discusses how to safely limit the use of oxygen in practice as well as the use of alfaxalone as an alternative induction and maintenance agent to propofol. Finally, the use of ephedrine to manage hypotension as an alternative to other vasopressors and inotropes that may be in short supply is described.
Ear cytology for the veterinary nurse
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: June 2020

Ear cytology is one of the most important investigative steps in all cases of otitis externa and lends itself well to input from the veterinary nurse. Stained and unstained samples are useful to assess the ear for the presence respectively of bacterial and yeast pathogens and ectoparasites. Sample collection can be easily achieved in the conscious dog and only a minimal amount of equipment is needed to take and interpret good samples.
Take nothing for granted
Authors: Player Sally
Published: June 2020

As children begin to return to school, teachers will need to reflect on the range of their experiences in lockdown and how this might impact on their well-being and ability to settle back.
Helping hands
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: June 2020

The books of Rosie Wellesley are a wonderful starting point to explore the rewards of being helpful, doing chores together and sharing precious things with others.
Focusing on chin augmentation: treating the lower face using dermal filler
Authors: Henderson Alex
Published: June 2020

Aesthetic treatments to enhance body parts, such as the lips, cheek and jaw, are on the rise, and chin augmentation in particular is a popular choice. Alex Henderson details the process behind lower face augmention and considerations that should be made
Contract killers: ensuring agreements hold up and are understood
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: June 2020

Adam Bernstein, in collaboration with Paul Herbert and James Crayton, explains the ins and outs of business deals and where not to be caught out
Lane detection in dense fog using a polarimetric dehazing method
Authors: Zhang Li , Yin Zhongjun , Zhao Kaichun , Tian Han
Published: June 2020

Lane detection is crucial for driver assistance systems. However, road scenes are severely degraded in dense fog, which leads to the loss of robustness of many lane detection methods. For this problem, an end-to-end method combining polarimetric dehazing and lane detection is proposed in this paper. From images with dense fog captured by a vehicle-mounted monochrome polarization camera, the darkest and brightest images are synthesized. Then, the airlight degree of polarization is estimated from angle of polarization, and the airlight is optimized by guided filtering to facilitate lane detection. After dehazing, the lane detection is carried out by a Canny operator and Hough transform. Having helped achieve good lane detection results in dense fog, the proposed dehazing method is also adaptive and computationally efficient. In general, this paper provides a valuable reference for driving safety in dense fog.
Retrospective of Roland Shack’s global view of diffraction
[Invited]
Authors: Harvey James E.
Published: June 2020

In April of 1972, Professor Roland Shack presented a series of four
colloquium talks at the Optical Sciences Center at the University of
Arizona in which he reformulated scalar diffraction theory in terms of
the direction cosines of the propagation vectors of the angular
spectrum of plane waves described by the Fourier integral transform of
the diffracting aperture. The fourth lecture, entitled Radiometry and
Lambert’s Law, described diffuse reflectance and surface scatter
phenomena as merely a diffraction phenomenon caused by random phase
variations in the system pupil function. In 1974, he elegantly
condensed these four lectures into a single colloquium talk entitled A
Global View of Diffraction. This paper is intended to provide a
compilation showing the further development of that work over the last
46 years.
Off-axis digital holographic multiplexing for rapid wavefront acquisition and processing
Authors: Shaked Natan T. , Micó Vicente , Trusiak Maciej , Kuś Arkadiusz , Mirsky Simcha K.
Published: June 2020

Off-axis holographic multiplexing involves capturing several complex wavefronts, each encoded into off-axis holograms with different interference fringe orientations, simultaneously, with a single camera acquisition. Thus, the multiplexed off-axis hologram can capture several wavefronts at once, where each one encodes different information from the sample, using the same number of pixels typically required for acquiring a single conventional off-axis hologram encoding only one sample wavefront. This gives rise to many possible applications, with focus on acquisition of dynamic samples, with hundreds of scientific papers already published in the last decade. These include field-of-view multiplexing, depth-of-field multiplexing, angular perspective multiplexing for tomographic phase microscopy for 3-D refractive index imaging, multiple wavelength multiplexing for multiwavelength phase unwrapping or for spectroscopy, performing super-resolution holographic imaging with synthetic aperture with simultaneous acquisition, holographic imaging of ultrafast events by encoding different temporal events into the parallel channels using laser pulses, measuring the Jones matrix and the birefringence of the sample from a single multiplexed hologram, and measuring several fluorescent microscopy channels and quantitative phase profiles together, among others. Each of the multiplexing techniques opens new perspectives for applying holography to efficiently measure challenging biological and metrological samples. Furthermore, even if the multiplexing is done digitally, off-axis holographic multiplexing is useful for rapid processing of the wavefront, for holographic compression, and for visualization purposes. Although each of these applications typically requires a different optical system or processing, they all share the same theoretical background. We therefore review the theory, various optical systems, applications, and perspectives of the field of off-axis holographic multiplexing, with the goal of stimulating its further development.
Second-harmonic generation and manipulation in lithium niobate slab waveguides by grating metasurfaces
Authors: Fang Bin , Li Hanmeng , Zhu Shining , Li Tao
Published: June 2020

Nonlinear optical processes in waveguides play important roles in compact integrated photonics, while efficient coupling and manipulations inside the waveguides still remain challenging. In this work, we propose a new scheme for second-harmonic generation as well as beam shaping in lithium niobate slab waveguides with the assistance of well-designed grating metasurfaces at

λ
=
1064
  
nm

. By encoding the amplitude and phase into the holographic gratings, we further demonstrate strong functionalities of nonlinear beam shaping by the metasurface design, including dual focusing and Airy beam generation. Our approach would inspire new designs in the miniaturization and integration of compact multifunctional nonlinear light sources on chip.
Iberianism and Crisis: Spain and Portugal at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, Robert P. Newcomb (2018)
Authors: Tedaldi Chiara
Published: June 2020

Review of: Iberianism and Crisis: Spain and Portugal at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, Robert P. Newcomb (2018)Toronto, Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press, ix + 246 pp.,ISBN 978-1-48750-296-6, h/bk, $60.00
Análisis de sentimiento en Instagram: polaridad y subjetividad de cuentas infantiles
Authors: Vizcaino-Verdu Arantxa , Aguaded Ignacio
Published: June 2020

Instagram se ha convertido en parte integral de la vida cotidiana de niños y jóvenes, gestando una suerte de álbum familiar. En este escenario, analizamos la polaridad y subjetividad de 772 entradas de texto de cuentas infantiles gestionadas por padres en la plataforma mediante procesamiento del lenguaje natural con machine learning y análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelaron una prominente positividad y subjetividad en el campo léxico de cuatro cuentas en español y cuatro en inglés, con el reiterado empleo de los adjetivos feliz, nuevo, súper, etc. En suma, las cuentas infantiles expresan una tendencia de bucólica y festiva crianza.
Tradução da história Uma anedota sua com três (ḫabaruhu mac talāta) do livro Histórias de Abū-Nuwās (Aḫbār Abī-Nuwās) de Abū-Hiffān Almihzamī
Authors: Chareti Alexandre Facuri
Published: June 2020

Abū-Hiffān cAbd-Allāh Ibn-Aḥmad Almihzamī foi um importante transmissor da literatura árabe do século IX d.C./ III H. A compilação de histórias (aḫbār) que registrou sobre Abū-Nuwās tornou-se uma referência autorizada no que diz respeito à produção deste poeta inovador. As Histórias de Abū-Nuwās contribuem com temas de vinho e erotismo para as fabulosas narrativas que se situam à era dos califas abássidas. A seguinte apresentação e tradução do relato Uma anedota sua com três (ḫabaruhu mac talāta) procura transpor ao português brasileiro o fragmento desse importante momento da cultura árabe, dos primeiros séculos do Islã.
Resenha de Casertano, G. Venticinque studi sui preplatonici (2019)
Authors: Santos José Gabriel Trindade
Published: June 2020

Resenha de Casertano, G. Venticinque studi sui preplatonici (2019).
Opera Omnia. Tomo II. Manuel Pimenta, S. J.
Authors: Pinto António Guimarães , Pinho Sebastião Tavares de
Published: June 2020

Reúnem-se neste 2º tomo dos Opera Omnia de Manuel Pimenta todas as composições poéticas que nos foi possível coligir deste esquecido vate latino escalabitano, com exclusão daquelas que eram do conhecimento mais ou menos restrito de alguns quantos eruditos e se encontravam recolhidas no volume póstumo dos Poemata, publicado em Coimbra, no ano de 1622, graças à diligência dos seus confrades da Companhia de Jesus, e que constituem na íntegra o conteúdo do tomo I desta série, saído a lume em novembro de 2016, também em Coimbra. Conforme se prometeu na Introdução geral que antepusemos a esse livro, as poesias que agora vêem a luz da publicidade, com a transcrição do seu rosto latino original e respetiva versão para vernáculo, procedem tanto de fontes impressas como manuscritas, cabendo no entanto a estas uma bem folgada maioria. No que tange às primeiras, nada teremos a acrescentar ao que então ali ficou exarado e pensamos que a genuinidade dos seus textos e certeza na atribuição não suscitam quaisquer dúvidas, com a possível exceção do breve poema laudatório consagrado a Filipe III de Portugal, que pode ler-se na p. 373 das Anacephalaeoses, o qual, ou não pertence a Pimenta, ou teve inicialmente outro destinatário, uma vez que aquele monarca foi coroado em 1621 e, facto ainda mais decisivo, nasceu em 8 de abril de 1605, ou seja, dois anos depois da morte do nosso Autor.
International tourism spatial distribution: an alternative cartography of World Tourism Organization (Unwto) Data
Authors: Silva Carolyne de Castro Carvalho , Pimentel Maurício Ragagnin , Santos João Vitor Cepinho dos
Published: June 2020

The UNWTO is responsible for collecting and disseminating International Tourism data about 200 states among its associate members and affiliates. Traditionally this information is disclosed in the Compendium of Tourism Statistics, whose access is restricted or paid. The WTO reports also present the data aggregated in accord to the regional division of the world established by the UNWTO itself. This work aims to present an alternative cartography and to discuss the spatial distribution of international tourism. This was done from the UNWTO database, available by the World Bank. The interval between 2006 and 2016 was chosen for analysis. The indicators presented are: the average of international arrivals from 2006 to 2016; the variation in the number of international arrivals between 2006 and 2016; the ratio between international arrivals and each country's population in 2016; the ratio between international tourism revenue and international arrivals between over 2006 and 2016; the variation in international tourism revenues between 2006 and 2016; the variation in international tourism spending between 2006 and 2016. The discussion of these indicators is important for a deeper understanding of the dynamics of international tourism, which goes far beyond the traditional debate around the often-released top ten rankings.