bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literatura y arte latinoamericanos hoy: ¿Boom o Burbuja?
Authors: Sánchez Yvette
Published: July 2016

Resumen El presente artículo intenta caracterizar el reemplazamiento de las letras latinoamericanas por las artes visuales, en lo referido a su proyección internacional, en el último medio siglo. Mientras que el Boom latinoamericano de la literatura de los años 60 se extinguía paulatina y casi imperceptiblemente, hay críticos que afirman que la difusión, la demanda en el mercado y el explotado valor monetario de las artes visuales amenazan con desaparecer repentinamente. Este fenómeno suele evocarse a través de la metáfora de la burbuja, que examinamos aquí en sus múltiples facetas, económicas, artísticas y literarias. Como motivo, dicha imagen plástica de fragilidad ilustra la fugacidad y, en clave paradójica, la violencia. Con respecto a los procesos descritos en este artículo, también cabe preguntarse hasta qué punto es la demanda del mercado la que crea y consolida movimientos o programas estéticos colectivos y homogeneizantes. El éxito repentino y masivo de canonización, notoriedad y circulación siempre puede obrar de catalizador en la formación de escuelas. En América Latina, el boom con impacto global fomenta asimismo una orientación panamericana y transnacional. Influyentes curadores, coleccionistas y ferias contribuyeron de manera decisiva a sacar las artes visuales de una difusión reducida, más bien fragmentaria, rizomática de individuos, en la que precisamente se mueven actualmente los literatos.
Pensar lo contemporáneo a través de lo lírico: la obra de Nicanor Parra y Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Lenz Markus Alexander
Published: July 2016

Resumen Dos poetas chilenos con similar concepción de la poesía, al tiempo que muy diferentes: Mientras Nicanor Parra es considerado uno de los poetas latinoamericanos más importantes del siglo XX, la poesía del escritor Roberto Bolaño encuentra poca atención en comparación con su prosa. Sin embargo, ambos autores dan respuestas constructivas a las posibles funciones de la poesía contemporánea bajo una epistemología que está basada en un materialismo, que afecta el lenguaje como capacidad emancipadora de cada individuo humano. Una lectura comparativa de dos volúmenes de su poesía, los bien conocidos Poemas y antipoemas de Parra (1954) y el último poemario, Tres (2000), de Bolaño, no solamente demuestra algunos enlaces estructurales. La pregunta urgente acerca de los beneficios de la literatura para sociedades globalizadas, implicando identidades culturales y lingüísticas de alta complejidad, podría beneficiarse de una conciencia revivida de la poesía como formalización histórica y relativa de la lengua, y como instrumento eficaz para reflejar las restricciones del lenguaje en tiempos de su normalización económica y cultural-industrial.
O romance como coletânea de contos: a redução nas literaturas contemporâneas latino-americanas
Authors: Müller Gesine
Published: July 2016

Resumo O romance como coletânea de contos experimenta um notável vigor nas literaturas latino-americanas aproximadamente desde 1989. Isto possivelmente se deve, entre outros fatores, à mudança de paradigma realizada em diversos graus pelos próprios autores do chamado boom da literatura latino-americana. O presente artigo compara as primeiras obras de representantes canônicos como Carlos Fuentes e Gabriel García Márquez com as respectivas obras tardias, observando em que medida ocorreu uma mudança estético-formal na escrita de ambos. Coletâneas de contos como El Naranjo, La frontera de cristal ou Doce cuentos peregrinos chegam a ter caráter modelar, se observarmos especificamente questão da redução no âmbito de uma evolução da obra completa dos antigos autores do boom. Nesse contexto, buscamos também estratégias para encenar essa redução de uma forma que não precisemos abdicar necessariamente de associar essas obras ao gênero romance.
Leyla Perrone-Moisés y algunas modulaciones barthesianas en Brasil en torno a la crítica y la literatura
Authors: Nácher Max Hidalgo
Published: July 2016

Resumen El artículo repasa el recorrido crítico e intelectual de Leyla Perrone-Moisés, la principal introductora de Roland Barthes en Brasil, y se pregunta por los usos que ella ha hecho del autor francés para pensar la crítica y la literatura hasta la actualidad. Desde su reivindicación de la autonomía de la crítica en los años setenta hasta su actual defensa de la literatura, el artículo estudia sus estrategias de lectura del corpus barthesiano.
Assessment of a prototype for the Systemization of Nursing Care on a mobile device
Authors: Rezende Laura Cristhiane Mendonça , Santos Sérgio Ribeiro dos , Medeiros Ana Lúcia
Published: July 2016

Abstract Objectives: assess a prototype for use on mobile devices that permits registering data for the Systemization of Nursing Care at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: an exploratory and descriptive study was undertaken, characterized as an applied methodological research, developed at a teaching hospital. Results: the mobile technology the nurses at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit use was positive, although some reported they faced difficulties to manage it, while others with experience in using mobile devices did not face problems to use it. The application has the functions needed for the Systematization of Nursing Care at the unit, but changes were suggested in the interface of the screens, some data collection terms and parameters the application offers. The main contributions of the software were: agility in the development and documentation of the systemization, freedom to move, standardization of infant assessment, optimization of time to develop bureaucratic activities, possibilities to recover information and reduction of physical space the registers occupy. Conclusion: prototype software for the Systemization of Nursing Care with mobile technology permits flexibility for the nurses to register their activities, as the data can be collected at the bedside.
Nematodes (Mermithidae) parasitizing grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the Pampean region, Argentina
Authors: Rusconi J. M. , Camino N. B. , Achinelly M. F.
Published: July 2016

Abstract This work provides the results of a survey of entomonematodes parasites of grasshoppers in grasslands of the Pampean Region, Argentina. Nymphs of Staurorhectus longicornis Giglio-Tos, Laplatacris dispar Rhen, 1939, Dichroplus elongatus Giglio-Tos, 1894 and Metaleptea brevicornis (L.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) were collected. Mermithidae was the only family registered with seven species: Agamermis decaudata Cobb, Steiner and Christie, 1923, Amphimermis bonaerensis Miralles and Camino, 1983, Amphimermis dichroplusi Camino and Lange, 1997, Amphimermis ronderosi Camino and Lange, 1997, Hexamermis coclhearius Stock and Camino, 1992, Hexamermis ovistriata Stock and Camino, 1992, and Longimermis acridophila Camino and Stock, 1989. The values of parasitism ranged between 1-12%, and intensity not overcome the number of 5.0 nematodes per larva. The nematodes observed showed specificity, not registering the same species of parasite in more than one host species. The Pampean region constituted an area with high diversity of mermithids where new species could be consider as bioregulator agents of this troublesome insect pests in agricultural areas of Argentina.
Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes in an apple orchard in Southern Brazil and its virulence to Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, under laboratory conditions
Authors: Foelkel E. , Voss M. , Monteiro L. B. , Nishimura G.
Published: July 2016

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a promising alternative to integrated control in many fruit pests. Few studies were made on the relationship of Anastrepha fraterculus natural population with native EPNs population and other biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of this work was to verify the occurrence of endemic nematodes in an apple orchard, concerning environmental conditions and technical procedure, and access isolates virulence to A. fraterculus larvae. The experiment was conducted during a year taking monthly soil samples from an apple orchard, with and without fallen fruits just above the soil. Samples were baited with Tenebrium molitor and A. fraterculus larvae in laboratory. Canopy and fallen fruits were sampled to access the pest infestation. Seventy three EPN isolates were captured, in 23.2% soil samples, more with T. molitor than with A. fraterculus baits. From the 20 isolates tested against A. fraterculus, only five were pathogenic, and they were identified as Oscheius sp. The nematodes were captured during all seasons in a similar frequency. Soil and weather conditions, presence of fruit over the orchard soil, and A. fraterculus pupae in the fruits had no significant influence on the capture. As a conclusion, nematodes of the genera Oscheius are found in an apple orchard of Porto Amazonas constantly along the year, independently of fluctuations in A. fraterculus population, climate conditions and presence of fruit over the soil. Some of the isolates are pathogenic to A. fraterculus.
Evaluation of skeletal muscle regeneration in experimental model after malnutrition
Authors: Pertille A. , Moura K. F. , Matsumura C. Y. , Ferretti R. , Ramos D. M. , Petrini A. C. , Oliveira P. C. , Silva C. A.
Published: July 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze muscle regeneration after cryoinjury in the tibialis anterior muscle of young rats that were malnourished and then recovered. Forty Wistar rats were divided into a nourished group that received a normal protein diet (14% casein) for 90 days and a malnourished and recovered rats group (MR) that was submitted to 45 days of malnutrition with a hypoproteic diet (6% casein) followed by 45 days of a normal protein diet (14% casein). After the recovery period, all of the animals underwent cryoinjury in the right tibialis anterior muscle and euthanasia after 7, 14 and 21 days. The amount of connective tissue and the inflammation area was higher in the malnutrition recovered injury MR group (MRI) at 14 days post-injury (p < 0.05). Additionally, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the regenerated fibers was decreased in the MRI (p < 0.05). The MyoD and myogenin protein levels were higher in the nourished injury group. Similar levels of TGF-β1 were found between groups. The proposed malnutrition protocol was effective in showing delayed changes in the regeneration process of the tibialis anterior muscle of young rats. Furthermore, we observed a delay in muscle repair even after nutritional recovery.
Assessing the spatial pattern of a river water quality in southern Brazil by multivariate analysis of biological and chemical indicators
Authors: Cassanego M. B. B. , Droste A.
Published: July 2016

Abstract This study assessed the genotoxicity and chemical quality of the Rio dos Sinos, southern Brazil. During two years, bimonthly, cuttings of Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea with flower buds were exposed to river water samples from Caraá, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Taquara and Campo Bom, which are municipalities located in the upper, middle and lower stretches of the Rio dos Sinos basin. Simultaneously, chemical parameters were analyzed, rainfall data were surveyed and negative (distilled water) and positive (0.1% formaldehyde) controls were made. Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in tetrads of pollen grain mother cells. From the upper stretch toward the lower, there was an increase in the frequency of MCN and in concentrations of chemical parameters. Cadmium, lead, copper, total chromium and zinc were present at the four sites and a concentration gradient was not demonstrated along the river. The multivariate analysis revealed that two principal components exist, which accounted for 62.3% of the observed variances. Although genotoxicity was observed in Santo Antônio da Patrulha, the water presented higher mean values for most of the assessed parameters, in the lower stretch, where urbanization and industrialization are greater. The spatial and temporal pattern of water quality observed reinforces the importance of considering the environmental factors and their effects on organisms in an integrated way in watercourse monitoring programs.
Toxicity of clove essential oil and its ester eugenyl acetate against Artemia salina
Authors: Cansian R. L. , Vanin A. B. , Orlando T. , Piazza S. P. , Puton B. M. S. , Cardoso R. I. , Gonçalves I. L. , Honaiser T. C. , Paroul N. , Oliveira D.
Published: July 2016

Abstract The production of compounds via enzymatic esterification has great scientific and technological interest due to the several inconveniences related to acid catalysis, mainly by these systems do not fit to the concept of “green chemistry”. Besides, natural products as clove oil present compounds with excellent biological potential. Bioactives compounds are often toxic at high doses. The evaluation of lethality in a less complex animal organism can be used to a monitoring simple and rapid, helping the identification of compounds with potential insecticide activity against larvae of insect vector of diseases. In this sense, the toxicity against Artemia salina of clove essential oil and its derivative eugenyl acetate obtained by enzymatic esterification using Novozym 435 as biocatalyst was evaluated. The conversion of eugenyl acetate synthesis was 95.6%. The results about the evaluation of toxicity against the microcrustacean Artemia salina demonstrated that both oil (LC50= 0.5993 µg.mL–1) and ester (LC50= 0.1178 µg.mL–1) presented high toxic potential, being the eugenyl acetate almost 5 times more toxic than clove essential oil. The results reported here shows the potential of employing clove oil and eugenyl acetate in insecticide formulations.
Neolasioptera pantaneira, a new species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) associated with Aeschynomene denticulata (Fabaceae) from Brazil
Authors: Maia V. C. , Catian G. , Leme F. M.
Published: July 2016

Abstract A new species of gall midge that induces stem galls on Aeschynomene denticulata (Fabaceae) is described based on material collected in Pantanal (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). This species is unique among the Brazilian congeners in having spatula with three convex teeth, cruciate, with defined anterolateral extensions, four lateral papillae on each side of the spatula, and three pairs of terminal papillae (larva), four-segmented palpi (adult), 17 flagellomeres (female), ovipositor about 11 times length of seventh tergite.
Ant assemblage (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three wind farms in the State of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Lutinski J. A. , Baucke L. , Filtro M. , Busato M. A. , Knakiewicz A. C. , Garcia F. R. M.
Published: July 2016

Abstract The transformation of natural habitats into areas destined to agriculture or projects of energy production has generated a growing concern about the impact on biological diversity. Thus, this study evaluated the diversity of ants in agroecosystems in the area of direct influence of three wind farms in the municipality of Marmeleiro, State of Paraná and examined the association of occurrences with sampling periods. To this end, four samplings were conducted in 2013, one per season. Pitfalls, Malaise trap and Net sweep were used. The assemblages were characterized and compared using richness and number of occurrences of ants. Chao 2 estimates were calculated and a comparison (rarefaction analysis) of the assemblages was performed. The association of the species with the samples was evaluated by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Altogether, there were 1,576 occurrences of ants, totaling 55 species. The obtained estimate indicated that richness may be up to 35% higher. Our study adds important information about richness and occurrence of ants in a region poorly analyzed for this group. Most of all, it presents a survey of species occurring in agricultural ecosystems that may serve as a parameter for future evaluations when wind farms are installed.
Fragment edge and isolation affect the food web: effects on the strength of interactions among trophic guilds
Authors: Melo Michele Molina , Silva Cristina Magalhães , Barbosa Carina Santos , Morais Maristela Calvente , D'Anunciação Paula Eveline Ribeiro , Silva Vinícius Xavier da , Hasui Érica
Published: July 2016

Abstract Habitat loss and fragmentation are processes that may affect communities by changing species interactions. These changes occur because the strength of linkages between species is not exclusively dependent on predator and prey traits. Species interaction changes also depend on the spatial context in which they take place. We used structural equation modelling to evaluate effects of these processes at patch-scale on top-down and bottom-up controls in food webs in Atlantic Forest. The model was composed of multiple species, and trophic guilds responded differently to fragment edge and isolation. Changes in bottom-up and top-down controls were mainly related to intermediate predator interactions. Efforts to restore connectivity among fragments should help recover the equilibrium of the trophic interactions by benefiting intermediate predators.
Periphytic algae in a floodplain lake and river under low water conditions
Authors: Bichoff Andressa , Osório Nicolli Cristina , Dunck Bárbara , Rodrigues Liliana
Published: July 2016

Abstract Drought events will become more frequent due the climate change. In floodplains, periphytic algae are responsible for part of the primary production, are the principal source of organic carbon deposition, play an important role in mineralization and nutrient cycling, and are the base of the food web for many organisms. As algae distribution in aquatic environments is a strong indicator of physical and chemical conditions of the sites, we aimed to determine the structure of periphytic algae in lentic and lotic environments during drought conditions and to uncover the main local abiotic factors in community structuring. We hypothesized diatoms would be more frequent than green algae and desmids at both sites, due to their resistance characteristics, and that higher periphyton algal richness, density and diversity would occur in the lake due to the greater availability of nutrients and the absence of flow. The study was carried out in the Finado Raimundo lake and the Ivinhema river in the Upper Paraná river floodplain during the low water period of 2011. Petioles of the aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth were used as a substrate for periphytic algae. We found a total of 171 species, 104 species in the lake and 80 in the river. Diatoms were predominant at both sites due to their strategic traits, and between sites, there were different patterns in the periphytic algal community structure, owing to the distinctive physical and chemical characteristics of the lake and the river. Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki and Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith were the most abundant species in both environments. Our results showed patterns of periphytic algae in a floodplain during drought conditions, which will assist in understanding their structuring during future drought scenarios.
Violências percebidas por homens adolescentes na interação afetivo-sexual em dez cidades brasileiras
Authors: Cecchetto Fátima , Oliveira Queiti Batista Moreira , Njaine Kathie , Minayo Maria Cecília de Souza
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo apresenta as visões de adolescentes do sexo masculino sobre o tema da violência no namoro. A partir de entrevistas e grupos focais realizados em dez cidades brasileiras, entre 2007 e 2009, o texto toma como parâmetro a análise dos significados atribuídos pelos jovens às agressões físicas, psicológicas e sexuais no âmbito dos relacionamentos íntimos. A metodologia do estudo se concentra nos depoimentos de 257 estudantes do sexo masculino, de idades entre 15 e 19 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas do país. Os resultados do estudo mostram que os significados atribuídos ao fenômeno da violência no namoro são recortados por representações rígidas de papéis de gênero, correspondendo às expectativas em relação ao desempenho de homens e mulheres nas relações afetivo-sexuais.
Avaliação da atividade moluscicida de extratos vegetais sobre Achatina fulica Bowdich (Mollusca, Achatinidae)
Authors: Vieira Licielo Romero , Gusman Grasielle Soares , Vestena Silvane
Published: July 2016

RESUMO: Achatina fulica Bowdich (Achatinidae) é um gastrópode terrestre pulmonado e tornou-se praga de pequenos cultivos de subsistência, sendo considerado uma ameaça à agricultura sustentável em alguns países, demandando altos custos em tentativas de controle, as quais, em sua maioria, resultaram em fracasso; ainda, pode atuar como hospedeiro intermediário de nematódeos. Nesse contexto, a procura por substâncias facilmente biodegradáveis tem aumentado o interesse pelo uso de moluscicidas de origem vegetal. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ação de extratos aquosos de folhas de Bacharis dracunculifolia DC., Morus rubra L., Cyperus rotundus L. e Euphorbia heterophylla L. e gemas florais de Sygygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry como possíveis moluscicidas. Destas, S. aromaticum e E. heterophylla foram ativas como moluscicidas, e C. rotundus não exibiu atividade moluscicida sobre esse gastrópode. Independentemente da espécie vegetal testada, nenhuma demonstrou atividade ovicida. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que os extratos aquosos de folhas de E. heterophylla e de gemas florais de S. aromaticum podem se constituir em uma estratégia viável de controle alternativo de moluscos terrestres.
Flowering phenology of Mouriri guianensis (Melastomataceae) and its interaction with the crepuscular bee Megalopta amoena (Halictidae) in the restinga of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil
Authors: OLIVEIRA Fabiana dos Santos , RIBEIRO Monique Hellen Martins , NUNEZ Cecilia Veronica , ALBUQUERQUE Patricia Maia Correia de
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Mouriri guianensis is a Brazilian endemic plant species distributed throughout the Amazon forest, Caatinga, Mata Atlântica and Cerrado domains, extending northward into Venezuela. The aim of this study was to describe the flowering phenology, floral biology and visitors associated with M. guianensis, highlighting the crepuscular bee species Megalopta amoena. Mouriri guianensis flowers from September to March. The flowering, the details of floral biology and the activities of floral visitors were observed for ten individual plants in December 2013, January-March 2014, September-December 2014 and January-March 2015. The flowering peaks occurred in December 2013 and in November-December 2014. Bees were collected in January and February 2015. A total of 86 individuals belonging to six bee species were recorded visiting the flowers, with Xylocopa cearensis making more than one-half of the visits (60%), followed by Melipona subnitida and Megalopta amoena with 21.17% and 9.41% of the visits, respectively. The visitors showed activity peaks between 5:00 and 6:00 AM (66.27%). Buzz pollination was their predominant behavior. Megalopta amoena used its jaws to open the pore and the anther gland. Melipona subnitida used parts of the glands to seal the entrance to the colony. The visitors, except for Augochlopsis sp. and Trigona sp., are pollinators of M. guianensis. Plants having an extended anthesis can attract visitors both day and night. In this study, we present an example of a crepuscular pollination system. We suggest that blooming at twilight is a strategy used by the plant to escape unsuitable visitors.
High spatial resolution land use and land cover mapping of the Brazilian Legal Amazon in 2008 using Landsat-5/TM and MODIS data
Authors: ALMEIDA Cláudio Aparecido de , COUTINHO Alexandre Camargo , ESQUERDO Júlio César Dalla Mora , ADAMI Marcos , VENTURIERI Adriano , DINIZ Cesar Guerreiro , DESSAY Nadine , DURIEUX Laurent , GOMES Alessandra Rodrigues
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Understanding spatial patterns of land use and land cover is essential for studies addressing biodiversity, climate change and environmental modeling as well as for the design and monitoring of land use policies. The aim of this study was to create a detailed map of land use land cover of the deforested areas of the Brazilian Legal Amazon up to 2008. Deforestation data from and uses were mapped with Landsat-5/TM images analysed with techniques, such as linear spectral mixture model, threshold slicing and visual interpretation, aided by temporal information extracted from NDVI MODIS time series. The result is a high spatial resolution of land use and land cover map of the entire Brazilian Legal Amazon for the year 2008 and corresponding calculation of area occupied by different land use classes. The results showed that the four classes of Pasture covered 62% of the deforested areas of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, followed by Secondary Vegetation with 21%. The area occupied by Annual Agriculture covered less than 5% of deforested areas; the remaining areas were distributed among six other land use classes. The maps generated from this project - called TerraClass - are available at INPE's web site (http://www.inpe.br/cra/projetos_pesquisas/terraclass2008.php).
Intestinal parasites in two indigenous ethnic groups in northwestern Amazonia
Authors: OLIVEIRA Raylene Andrade , GURGEL-GONÇALVES Rodrigo , MACHADO Eleuza Rodrigues
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Approximately 90% of the population in the northwestern Amazonia is composed of indigenous people and their healthcare is still a challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of parasites in two indigenous ethnic groups (Baré and Baniwa) in northwestern Amazonia. Stool samples from 270 individuals (199 Baniwa and 71 Baré) were analyzed using Richie's method and the spontaneous sedimentation method. Statistical differences among the proportions of infected individuals based on gender, age, and ethnicity were determined. All individuals were infected by protozoans or helminths. The most frequent parasites in the indigenous people were Ascaris lumbricoides (73%), Entamoeba spp. (53%), and Giardia intestinalis (48%). Protozoan parasites were more common among children aged 0-12 years; however, the frequency of helminths, such as hookworms and A. lumbricoides, was higher in adults. There were no significant differences in parasite frequencies between different genders or ethnic groups. Mixed infections by two or more protozoan and/or helminth species were detected in 96% of individuals. One individual was infected by 14 species. A high frequency of intestinal parasites was found in Baré and Baniwa ethnic groups. Improvements to infrastructure and health education programs are required to reduce risk of infection by intestinal parasites.
Screening, production and biochemical characterization of a new fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Streptomyces sp. (Streptomycetaceae) isolated from Amazonian lichens
Authors: SILVA Germana Michelle de Medeiros e , BEZERRA Raquel Pedrosa , TEIXEIRA José António , SILVA Flávio Oliveira , CORREIA Juliana Mendes , PORTO Tatiana Souza , LIMA-FILHO José Luis , PORTO Ana Lúcia Figueiredo
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Thrombosis is a pathophysiological disorder caused by accumulation of fibrin in the blood. Fibrinolytic proteases with potent thrombolytic activity have been produced by diverse microbial sources. Considering the microbial biodiversity of the Amazon region, this study aimed at the screening, production and biochemical characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Streptomyces sp. isolated from Amazonian lichens. The strain Streptomyces DPUA1576 showed the highest fibrinolytic activity, which was 283 mm2. Three variables at two levels were used to assess their effects on the fibrinolytic production. The parameters studied were agitation (0.28 - 1.12 g), temperature (28 - 36 ºC) and pH (6.0 - 8.0); all of them had significant effects on the fibrinolytic production. The maximum fibrinolytic activity (304 mm2) was observed at 1.12 g, 28 ºC, and pH of 8.0. The crude extract of the fermentation broth was used to assess the biochemical properties of the enzyme. Protease and fibrinolytic activities were stable during 6 h, at a pH ranging from 6.8 to 8.4 and 5.8 to 9.2, respectively. Optimum temperature for protease activity ranged between 35 and 55 °C, while the highest fibrinolytic activity was observed at 45 ºC. Proteolytic activity was inhibited by Cu2+ and Co2+ ions, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and pepstatin A, which suggests that the enzyme is a serine protease. Enzymatic extract cleaved fibrinogen at the subunits Aα-chain, Aβ-chain, and γ-chain. The results indicated that Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1576 produces enzymes with fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity, enzymes with an important application in the pharmaceutical industry.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of geopropolis produced by Melipona fasciculata (Meliponinae) in flooded fields and cerrado areas of Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil
Authors: BATISTA Marisa Cristina Aranha , ABREU Bruno Vinicius de Barros , DUTRA Richard Pereira , CUNHA Mayara Soares , AMARAL Flavia Maria Mendonça do , TORRES Luce Maria Brandão , RIBEIRO Maria Nilce de Sousa
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Geopropolis, a mixture of plant resin, wax, soil and salivary secretion, is produced by the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata. This aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of geopropolis collected from beehives in two phytogeographical regions, flooded fields and cerrado, in the municipalities of Palmeirândia and Fernando Falcão, Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil. The geopropolis compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Additionally, total phenolic content was determined with the Folin−Ciocalteu reagent and antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The four geopropolis samples varied in terms of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity and the highest values were observed for geopropolis from Fernando Falcão. Triterpenes such as cycloartane, ursane and oleanane and phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid and gallic acid) were identified in the geopropolis from Palmeirândia, while the phenolic acids, gallic and ellagic acid were the main compounds in geopropolis from Fernando Falcão. The antioxidant property of geopropolis is due to its high total phenolic content and predominance of gallic acid and ellagic acid. The results showed that the plant resources in two phytogeographical regions of Maranhão used by bees for the production of geopropolis contribute to the chemical composition and bioactivity of this product.
Hydroclimatic variables associated with El Nino and La Nina events at the Curuá-Una hydroelectric reservoir, Central Amazonia
Authors: VALE Roseilson Souza do , GOMES Ana Carla dos Santos , SANTANA Raoni Aquino Silva de , TÓTA Júlio , MILLER Scott Dennis , SOUSA Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The anomalies of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) influence rainfall and therefore the regime of the rise and fall in the level of the rivers in the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on hydroclimatic variables and identify the existence of trends on these variables in the Curuá-Una hydroelectric reservoir in the West of the State of Pará. It was used 27 years of monthly precipitation and water flow data to identify possible trends using a non-parametric test (Mann Kendall, p<0.05), and the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was also calculated. The results indicate a positive tendency of the influence of the ENSO on hydroclimatic variables, although it was observed that the rainfall did not increase over the period of 1977 to 2004. The SPI indicates that extreme events of precipitation are related to El Nino and La Nina and that lower precipitation periods were more intense in the decades of the 80´s and 90's. The results show that El Nino events can directly affect the water balance at the micro-watershed of Curuá-Una, as was observed in 2015.
Feeding ecology of Serrasalmus gouldingi (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) in the lower Anapu River region, Eastern Amazon, Brazil
Authors: PRUDENTE Bruno da S. , CARNEIRO-MARINHO Pedro , VALENTE Roberta de M. , MONTAG Luciano F. de A.
Published: July 2016

Abstract Studies on feeding ecology of fishes are important to understand the relationship between species and environmental seasonal variations. In tropical rivers, these relationships are mainly modeled by hydrological patterns. Thereby, this study aimed to assess the influence of fluviometric variation and life stage (juveniles and adults) in the feeding ecology of Serrasalmus gouldingi in the lower Anapu River region, located in Eastern Amazon, Pará, Brazil. Specimens were collected bimonthly, considering four different hydrological periods. We assessed the diet composition, feeding intensity and niche breadth of the species. Thirty-two dietary items were identified and grouped into ten categories. A total of 279 stomachs were analyzed, showing a predominance of fish fragments, followed by fruits and seeds. The diet composition of S. gouldingi differed only between drought and flood season, although it did not differ between juveniles and adults. An increase in feeding intensity was recorded during the rise in the water level, with a lower feeding intensity observed during transitional season. Serrasalmus gouldingi showed lower niche breadth during flood season, attributed to the high consumption of fruits and seeds, presenting an omnivorous diet with high tendency towards piscivory. Although less evident than in other Amazon watersheds, the flood pulse in the lower Anapu River region is an important factor influencing the feeding ecology of the species.
BLAMING THE WEATHER, BLAMING THE PEOPLE: SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE AND A CRISIS ATTITUDE IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Authors: FUCHS VANESSA BOANADA
Published: July 2016

Abstract The governance of natural resources is intrinsically linked with the governance of people. However, in practice, social aspects are often viewed as secondary to more technical and pressing issues in the implementation of projects such as dams. The use of water for electricity production in Brazil is a cas d'excellence that exemplifies how the bypassing of socio-environmental safeguards and democratic participation of affected people leads to conflicts. These conflicts delay infrastructure works, such as the Belo Monte Dam, that are found to be crucial for the equilibrium of electricity supply. Recently, social manifestation have become the scapegoat for the sector's crisis. This article discussed the "electricity crisis" from a historical policy analysis perspective. It concludes that the present disregard for social and environmental procedures is a self-inflicted disease that only contributes to the longer-term state of conflicts in the expansion of the electricity sector in Brazil.
ALTERNATIVE FOOD NETWORKS AND NEW PRODUCER-CONSUMER RELATIONS IN FRANCE AND IN BRAZIL
Authors: DAROLT MOACIR ROBERTO , LAMINE CLAIRE , BRANDENBURG ALFIO , ALENCAR MARIA DE CLÉOFAS FAGGION , ABREU LUCIMAR SANTIAGO
Published: July 2016

Abstract This paper presents an analysis about agroecological alternative food networks and new producer-consumer relationships in France and Brazil. The investigation method is based on descriptive and qualitative research about 20 cases (qualitative interviews), selected with stakeholders (farmers, traders, consumers and food experts) in France and Southern Brazil. A typology about the characteristics and organization to short circuits trade is provided. The results show that alternative food networks are very diverse and dynamic, being a social, economic and environmental option to family farming, strengthening local markets and reconnecting producers and consumers. In these countries, the successful initiatives of alternative networks occur in places where there is coordination between food networks stakholders such as the government, NGOs, private enterprises, farmers and consumers' organizations.
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR PLANNING SUGARCANE EXPANSION: A FRAMEWORK PROPOSAL
Authors: GALLARDO AMARILIS LUCIA CASTELI FIGUEIREDO , DUARTE CARLA GRIGOLETTO , DIBO ANA PAULA ALVES
Published: July 2016

Abstract The Brazilian sugarcane industry has experienced a rapid expansion during the 2000s. The prediction of the sugarcane crop expansion in the coming decades raises controversy about social and environmental impacts, which are partially evaluated in the current energy planning. In order to integrate these discussions to the decision-making, this article aims at presenting a Strategic Environmental Assessment framework to support the sugarcane expansion planning as presented in the national Decennial Energy Plan. The main positive aspects of this framework include: the integration of environmental, social and economic issues providing strategic focus and sustainability to the decision-making; the proposition of sustainability indicators whose data are available for watershed scale; and guidelines for analyzing alternative scenarios established in the energy planning. The authors believe this framework allows integrating sustainability into the decision-making of the sugarcane expansion planning supported by the Strategic Environmental Assessment.
RISK, VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Authors: Iwama Allan Yu , Batistella Mateus , Ferreira Lúcia da Costa , Alves Diogenes Salas , Ferreira Leila da Costa
Published: July 2016

Abstract This study addresses risk, vulnerability, and their implications for the adaptation of communities to the problems they face in the everyday life and to those derived from climate change. Based on the literature about risk, vulnerability and adaptation to disasters and on a case study conducted in the Northern coast of São Paulo - Brazil, we summarize the converging themes in the analysis of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, which are divided in three components: (i) interdisciplinarity for studies about environment and society, requiring multiscale analysis, (ii) the integration of land use management instruments, and (iii) risk governance and communication. Based on the results of a risk perception survey (914 interviewees), we analyze vulnerability according to three interconnected axes (physical risk, social vulnerability and protagonism) by emphasizing the role played by the population in face of physical risk situations, as a way to guide integrated and participatory work efforts to encourage the engagement of the population to cope with and reduce the risks derived from historical and recurrent problems - such as poverty, social and spatial segregation - or with those that are about to come, such as climate changes.
ROADS AND DAMS: INFRASTRUCTURE-DRIVEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Authors: MORAN EMILIO F.
Published: July 2016

Abstract From the construction of the Trans-Amazon Highway in the 1970's to the current construction of the third largest hydroelectric dam in the world at Belo Monte, the Brazilian Amazon has experienced the impact of large-scale infrastructure projects. When announced, all these projects purported to be the means to achieve progress, national integration, and economic development. The outcomes after several decades are less clear: national indebtedness, significant social and environmental impacts, and regional development taking second place to other goals such as energy production and national GDP. Solutions are suggested to reduce the negative impacts and achieve the goal of improved livelihoods and sustainable development without giving up on national development goals.
Yalorixás e educação: discutindo o ensino religioso nas escolas
Authors: Russo Kelly , Almeida Alessandra
Published: July 2016

Yalorixás são mães de santo do Candomblé; possuem reconhecimento social e força de mobilização e, ao mesmo tempo, convivem com situações de racismo e intolerância dentro ou fora de suas comunidades. Neste artigo, procuramos discutir a relação entre educação escolar e religiosidade a partir da visão de cinco Yalorixás do Candomblé da Baixada Fluminense. Por meio de entrevistas e observações realizadas entre maio de 2014 e janeiro de 2015, em quatro diferentes terreiros dessa região, identificamos como essas líderes religiosas percebem a intolerância, o racismo e discutem criticamente o ensino religioso na rede pública do Rio de Janeiro.
Indicadores de retenção e rotatividade dos docentes da educação básica
Authors: Pereira Junior Edmilson Antonio , Oliveira Dalila Andrade
Published: July 2016

Este artigo propõe medidas que permitem conhecer um fenômeno bastante recorrente nos estabelecimentos de ensino: a retenção e a rotatividade docente. Os fatores relacionados a essas medidas variam desde uma mobilidade interna às redes de ensino até o abandono da profissão. São utilizados os dados do Censo Escolar, desenvolvido pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira - Inep -, referentes a 2012 e 2013. Esses indicadores permitem: fornecer visão sistêmica da capacidade do sistema de educação nacional de garantir a permanência dos docentes nos estabelecimentos de ensino; contextualizar estudos e pesquisas da área da educação; e prover dados para analisar os fatores preditores e resultantes.
O plano nacional de educação e a educação especial
Authors: Celio Sobrinho Reginaldo , Pantaleão Edson , Sá Maria das Graças Carvalho Silva de
Published: July 2016

O objetivo é analisar aspectos do curso do jogo que delineou a versão final da meta quatro do novo Plano Nacional de Educação do Brasil. No cumprimento desse propósito, utilizamos a análise documental como procedimento metodológico. Sustentamos nossas análises no modelo de jogo, elaborado por Norbert Elias. Nossas reflexões evidenciam que a superação de uma cultura política, marcadamente personalista e clientelista, constitui elemento fundamental de um jogo do qual participamos, no processo de elaboração de políticas sociais. A articulação de indivíduos e grupos em torno de questões que desafiam a racionalidade econômica tensiona o jogo social, colaborando na produção de uma linguagem em que as promessas do Estado de Direito sejam colocadas em discussão de maneira mais recorrente.
Referentes e critérios para a ação docente
Authors: Silva Vandré Gomes da , Almeida Patrícia Cristina Albieri de , Gatti Bernardete Angelina
Published: July 2016

O estudo apresentado neste artigo teve por objetivo a construção de parâmetros categoriais que pudessem nortear e fundamentar processos de formação inicial ou continuada de professores, bem como apoiar o acompanhamento e a avaliação da ação docente em uma perspectiva formativa. O suporte para tanto veio da contribuição de professores atuantes em vários níveis e áreas, além de coordenadores pedagógicos e de formadores de professores de cursos de licenciatura. A ideia norteadora da investigação foi encaminhar a problemática proposta a partir da realidade do trabalho nas escolas para a consubstanciação de referentes sobre a ação docente observada em seus vários aspectos, a fim de conceituar os elementos básicos que a distinguem como uma atuação profissional qualificada.
Las concepciones del mundo y los valores en la investigación psicológica
Authors: Antonio Castorina José
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo trata de analizar los rasgos propios que adquieren los valores no epistémicos en la investigación psicológica, estando asociados a las concepciones del mundo, ya sean escicionistas o dialécticas. Nuestro punto de partida son los trabajos de las epistemólogas feministas que han cuestionado la clásica dicotomía positivista, entre hechos y valores, todavía predominante en la investigación psicológica. Nos ocuparemos del modus operandi de los valores no epistémicos en la caracterización de los problemas a investigar, en la elección metodológica, en el establecimiento de las unidades de análisis y las entrevistas. Y lo que va a constituir la cuestión central, como en gran parte de la filosofía de la ciencia: ¿se puede sostener un concepto de objetividad diferente del tradicional y que no excluya a los valores sino que los incluya?
Representações das categorias de sexo em crianças no contexto escolar
Authors: Morin-Messabel Christine , Ferrière Séverine , Lainé Aurélie , Mieyaa Yoan , Rouyer Véronique
Published: July 2016

Na França, a questão da educação para a igualdade entre meninas e meninos na escola e da luta contra as desigualdades entre as categorias de sexo é muito presente, e esta pesquisa deve ser contextualizada tendo em vista o combate aos estereótipos no contexto escolar. Nosso interesse são os conhecimentos que as crianças desenvolvem, ao longo da primeira infância e da infância, a respeito dos brinquedos, vistos aqui como meios de socialização de gênero. Os resultados indicam um conhecimento precoce dos estereótipos associados a certos brinquedos, mas também variações segundo o tipo de brinquedo e a idade das crianças. As experiências de socialização no contexto escolar podem fornecer, por intermédio da ação dos professores através de interações pedagógicas e suportes lúdicos, experiências mais heterogêneas.
POLÍTICA INDUSTRIAL COMO INSTITUIÇÃO DESENVOLVIMENTISTA: UMA CRÍTICA AO "NOVO DESENVOLVIMENTISMO" BASEADA NAS EXPERIÊNCIAS DE BRASIL E COREIA DO SUL
Authors: Pereira Adriano José , Dathein Ricardo
Published: July 2016

RESUMO O artigo analisa a política industrial como instituição desenvolvimentista necessária ao desenvolvimento de economias retardatárias, contrastando os casos brasileiro e sul-coreano. Apesar das singularidades das economias analisadas, destaca-se que a industrialização, como estratégia de desenvolvimento, constitui-se um padrão de regularidade enquanto instituição desenvolvimentista fundamental. Argumenta-se que isso não está contemplado nas proposições "novo-desenvolvimentistas", que reforçam a importância da indústria para o desenvolvimento econômico nacional, mas destacam a política cambial como principal instrumento de política industrial, cuja validade é considerada restrita, ao passo que as instituições desenvolvimentistas, como a política industrial ativa, são elaboradas visando a um desenvolvimento econômico consistente no longo prazo, com mudança estrutural.
O IMPACTO DOS INVESTIMENTOS EM PESQUISA & DESENVOLVIMENTO NO DESEMPENHO DAS EMPRESAS
Authors: Rocha Leonardo Andrade , Dal-Poz Maria Ester , Oliveira Fernando Porfirio Soares De , Almeida Carlos Alano Soares de
Published: July 2016

RESUMO O presente trabalho analisou os impactos dos esforços inovativos, medidos pelos investimentos em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, sobre o crescimento das vendas, considerando diferentes "graus de proximidade" com a fronteira. Para testar a hipótese, foi construído um modelo de regressão multinível considerando 1.500 firmas com dados financeiros de 2012. Foi calculada a Produtividade Total dos Fatores de cada firma e construído um índice de proximidade com a fronteira (firma com maior produtividade). Os resultados demonstram que firmas situadas próximo à fronteira empregam os recursos de P&D com maior eficiência, obtendo estimativas de crescimento superior em relação às firmas mais afastadas.
COMMODITY CURRENCIES: UM FENÔMENO REAL NO BRASIL?
Authors: Branco Rodrigo
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o possível enquadramento que a moeda brasileira, o real, possa ter no modelo de commodity currencies. As evidências encontradas mostram uma correlação significativa da trajetória percorrida pelo real na última década com o esquema de commodity currencies, em que a taxa de câmbio do país tende a acompanhar a evolução dos preços internacionais das commodities, grupo de produtos básicos advindos principalmente dos setores agrícola e mineral.