bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustical imaging by time reversal
Authors: Cassereau Didier , Fink Mathias
Published: July 2012

For the last few years, time-reversal techniques have been proved to be efficient for defect detection in materials without a priori knowledge on the defect. In the case of an extended target, an iterative time-reversal experiment allows focusing on the most reflective point of the defect. At this time, it was not possible to obtain an image of the defect after detection. Using PASS (phased array simulation software, developed in the laboratory), the time-reversal sequence is first iterated in order to be able to focus through a cylindrical interface separating a fluid and a solid. Then, the series of temporal signals is used in conjunction with time-delay laws, thus yielding spatial micro-angulations of the focused beam. Finally, the software is used to compute the back-scattered field due to several extended defects. After calibrating the focal spot displacement with the considered microangulation time delay law, it is shown how this technique allows one to obtain an image of the different defects in the material, even though the standard time-reversal method is only able to focus on the most reflective one. Starting from these numerical results, an experimental validation will start soon.
Hearing protectors and hazard from impulse noise: Melding method and models
Authors: Price G. Richard , Kalb Joel T.
Published: July 2012

Studies agree that the protected ear tolerates surprising amounts of energy at very high levels; but with no theory to explain these results, practical application of such findings is like traversing an acoustic minefield. Our modeling of auditory hazard [G. R. Price and J. T. Kalb, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 2674 (1996)] suggests the physical basis for the ear’s resilience is a function of interaction between the hearing protector’s effect on the waveform arriving at the ear and the ear’s own complex responses to intense stimulation. We believe that the primary physical basis for hazard is mechanical stress at the level of the hair cell; hence assessment needs to take place in the time domain. Calculation begins either with the pressure history measured under a hearing protector or one derived from a free-field pressure and attenuation measures on the protector. The ear model includes an active middle ear muscle system, an amplitude-limited stapes displacement, and an algorithm for calculating hazard in the cochlea which integrates peak upward stresses at the level of the basilar membrane. In the end, the protected ear’s apparent resilience is predictable and can be understood as part of a general theory of auditory hazard.
A virtual source method for evaluating ultrasound propagation through tissues mapped from medical images
Authors: Sun Jie , Hynynen Kullervo
Published: July 2012

A numerical model which uses digitized layer interfaces was developed for calculating multilayer ultrasound propagation, reflection, and refraction. This model was used to project the acoustic field from a spherical phased array (diameter 10 cm, F number 1, frequency 1 MHz) into multilayer tissues, and was verified by performing phantom measurements. A section on each layer interface in the propagation path was used as a virtual source. Digitized profiles of the tissue layer interfaces of arbitrary shapes can be obtained from MRI, CT, or ultrasound. The phase delay for each element of the phased array was first calculated, and then applied to each element for phase correction. With no phase correction, the focus of the array was shifted and defocused. By using the phased array, the shifted focal point was corrected and the side lobes were reduced. The effects of the array element size (number) were investigated for a deep sonication where the layer thickness information was obtained from a series of MRI scans of a volunteer. For this particular array, it is shown that the element size of 0.39 cm2 is small enough to produce a near-optimum focus. [Work supported by NCI Grant No. CA 46627.]
Wayside noise measurements of high-speed trains
Authors: Towers David A.
Published: July 2012

Wayside noise measurements of high-speed train operations were carried out in the USA for the German ICE, Swedish X2000, and U.S./French RTL-2 Turboliner trains, in France for the TGV and Eurostar trains, in Italy for the Pendolino trains, and in Sweden for the X2000 trains. The measurements in the USA were made as part of the Northeast Corridor Project and the measurements in Europe were made to develop noise-prediction models for a new guidance manual published by the U.S. Federal Railroad Administration on ‘‘High Speed Ground Transportation Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment.’’ The results indicate that the TGV, ICE, and RTL-2 trains had similar noise emissions and were typically the quietest of the trains tested. A-weighted noise levels for the X2000 and Pendolino trains averaged about 5 dB higher, and data for the Eurostar trains were scattered over the range for the other trains. Although the higher-speed French trains generated some additional low-frequency aerodynamic noise, this noise did not appear to significantly affect the A-weighted noise levels for train speeds up to nearly 300 kph (186 mph). The results also suggest that at the speeds tested, the observed trains were generally in compliance with the U.S. Federal Railroad Noise Emission Standard.
Modal theory of sound propagation in a random irregular shallow-water waveguide (numerical calculation and diffusion approach)
Authors: Katsnelson Boris G. , Pereselkov Sergey A.
Published: July 2012

Sound field changing due to scattering by random irregularities in shallow water is considered. Shallow water is a randomly inhomogeneous media bounded by absorbing bottom and surface, which are randomly irregular (rough) as well. Longitudinal scales of all types of irregularities are greater than cross scales. Sound field is the sum of modes with random amplitudes. A system of stochastic differential equations for modal amplitudes is derived. Asymptotic approximation is used to obtain equations for statistical moments of modal amplitudes. The behavior of average modal intensity is described by diffusion equation. Comparative analysis of scattering and absorbing effects on sound propagation is carried out. Scattering leads to two processes: intensity transformation from a coherent (average) field component into a noncoherent (random) one, and intensity redistribution between modes. The next problem is interference structure alteration due to scattering and absorption. This alteration leads in turn to space redistribution of the field intensity. It is shown that for the ranges from the source, a much greater than ‘‘automodel range’’ situation takes place, and that depth dependence of intensity is constant in range. It is the result of equilibrium between two phenomena: modal intensity absorbing and modal intensity redistribution due to scattering. Some examples are considered. [Work was supported by RFBR (Grant 97-05-64878).]
The surprising relationship between the atomic Lamb shift and acoustics
Authors: Wurmser Daniel
Published: July 2012

An analogy with a well-known quantum effect provides insight into the low grazing angle interaction of an acoustic field with a rough surface. The Lamb shift in the hydrogen atom is produced by random fluctuations that ultimately arise from second quantization. These can be introduced phenomenologically into the old quantum theory. Since the Coulomb potential is the Green’s function for 3-D space, a contact potential affecting the first moment of the field survives stochastic averaging, and produces the Lamb shift. [For example, C. Cohn-Tanoudji, J. Dupont-Roc, and G. Grynberg, Atom-Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications (Wiley, New York, 1992), p. 317.] For a classical acoustic field in the low grazing angle limit (described by the parabolic equation), a rough surface along an interface or a cusp generates a similar contact potential. This leads to a modified range-independent propagation equation for the first moment of the stochastic acoustic field. New boundary conditions at the interface lead to roughness-induced modifications to Snell’s Law. [Work supported by ONR.]
Normal modes of a triangular aluminum bellplate
Authors: Hansen Uwe J.
Published: July 2012

Triangular aluminum plates have been used as an inexpensive substitute for hand bells [S. Hogg, A. Fisher-Cripps, B. Monsma, and C. Rupil, Proc. 4th Int. Congr. on Sound and Vibr. 2007–2011 (1996)]. The plates are cut from 3-mm aluminum plates with a narrow extension at the right angle apex forming a handle. The corners at the hypotenuse are truncated. The modes of an E5 plate were observed using electronic holography. Of the nine significant overtones observed, only modes 4, 5, and 8 were relatively close to harmonic. Work reported in the earlier reference suggests indeed that only the fundamental mode contributes significantly to the radiated sound. The modes are compared to the known modes of a standard triangle [E. Watson, D. S. Hampton, and T. D. Rossing, AAPT, Rock Island, 1 Nov. 1986]. The work was performed in the Acoustics Laboratory of the Department of Physics at Northern Illinois University.
Experimental measurement and characterization of scattering surfaces
Authors: D’Antonio Peter , Cox Trevor J. , Hargreaves Tristan , Lam Y. W.
Published: July 2012

As the centennial of Sabine’s research, which founded modern architectural acoustics, is celebrated, the need for an experimental measurement standard to characterize scattering surfaces is becoming acute. These data are needed to characterize and rank potential diffusing surfaces and to improve the accuracy of geometrical room modeling programs. Two approaches are currently being studied. One measures the 2-D or 3-D directional distribution of scattered sound for a given angle of incidence and frequency. This is used to determine the diffusion parameter, which characterizes the uniformity of the angular response. The other determines the ratio of nonspecular scattered energy to total scattered energy, for directional or randomly incident sound. This yields the scattering coefficient, which contains no diffusivity information, but can be used in geometrical modeling programs. A goal of this research is to determine both diffusivity and scattered energy ratios from a single method, which is also theoretically predictable.
Gouty Tophi in the Penis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Flores Martín José Francisco , Vázquez Alonso Fernando , Puche Sanz Ignacio , Berrio Campos Raquel , Campaña Gutierrez Miguel Angel , Cózar Olmo José Manuel
Published: July 2012

Gout is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperuricemia and the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in different anatomical locations. We report the case of a 61-year-old man who received consultation for gouty tophi in the penis, which is an unusual location for this type of pathology, that was resolved with the surgical removal of the tophi. We provide a review on gout and its treatment as well as other locations where atypical gouty tophi have been described.
Resonant Elements for Tunable Reflectarray Antenna Design
Authors: Ismail M. Y. , Inam M.
Published: July 2012

This paper presents an accurate analysis of different configurations of reflectarray resonant elements that can be used for the design of passive and tunable reflectarrays. Reflection loss and bandwidth performances of these reflectarray elements have been analyzed in the X-band frequency range with the Finite Integral Method technique, and the results have been verified by the waveguide scattering parameter measurements. The results demonstrate a reduction in the phase errors offering an increased static linear phase range of 225° which allows to improve the bandwidth performance of single layer reflectarray antenna. Moreover a maximum dynamic phase range of 320° and a volume reduction of 22.15% have been demonstrated for a 10 GHz reflectarray element based on the use of rectangular patch with an embedded circular slot.
Dual Inhibition of Canonical and Noncanonical NF-κB Pathways Demonstrates Significant Antitumor Activities in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Fabre Claire , Mimura Naoya , Bobb Kathryn , Kong Sun-Young , Gorgun Güllü , Cirstea Diana , Hu Yiguo , Minami Jiro , Ohguchi Hiroto , Zhang Jie , Meshulam Jeffrey , Carrasco Ruben D. , Tai Yu-Tzu , Richardson Paul G. , Hideshima Teru , Anderson Kenneth C.
Published: July 2012

Purpose: NF-κB transcription factor plays a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma in the context of the bone marrow microenvironment. Both canonical and noncanonical pathways contribute to total NF-κB activity. Recent studies have shown a critical role for the noncanonical pathway: selective inhibitors of the canonical pathway present a limited activity, mutations of the noncanonical pathway are frequent, and bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity cannot be fully attributed to inhibition of canonical NF-κB activity.

Experimental Design: Multiple myeloma cell lines, primary patient cells, and the human multiple myeloma xenograft murine model were used to examine the biologic impact of dual inhibition of both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways.

Results: We show that PBS-1086 induces potent cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma cells but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PBS-1086 overcomes the proliferative and antiapoptotic effects of the bone marrow milieu, associated with inhibition of NF-κB activity. Moreover, PBS-1086 strongly enhances the cytotoxicity of bortezomib in bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma cell lines and patient multiple myeloma cells. PBS-1086 also inhibits osteoclastogenesis through an inhibition of RANK ligand (RANKL)–induced NF-κB activation. Finally, in a xenograft model of human multiple myeloma in the bone marrow milieu, PBS-1086 shows significant in vivo anti–multiple myeloma activity and prolongs host survival, associated with apoptosis and inhibition of both NF-κB pathways in tumor cells.

Conclusions: Our data show that PBS-1086 is a promising dual inhibitor of the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways. Our preclinical study therefore provides the framework for clinical evaluation of PBS-1086 in combination with bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma and related bone lesions. Clin Cancer Res; 18(17); 4669–81. ©2012 AACR.
Regional Brain Metabolism and Treatment Response in Panic Disorder Patients: An [18F]FDG-PET Study
Authors: Kang Eun-Ho , Park Joo-Eon , Lee Kyung-Han , Cho Young-Seok , Kim Jae-Jin , Yu Bum-Hee
Published: July 2012

Background: Panic disorder (PD) is a common and often chronic psychiatric condition that can lead to considerable disability in daily life. Using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, we examined brain baseline glucose metabolism in PD patients in comparison with normal controls and the changes in glucose metabolism after 12 weeks of escitalopram treatment. Methods: Fifteen patients with PD were compared to 20 normal controls using [18F]FDG-PET at baseline and brain metabolism after 12 weeks of escitalopram treatment was compared to pretreatment in the patient group using voxel-based statistical analysis and post hoc region-of-interest analysis. Results: Patients with PD showed decreased metabolism in both the frontal, right temporal, and left posterior cingulate gyruses. After 12 weeks of escitalopram treatment, treatment responders showed metabolic increases in global neocortical areas as well as limbic areas whereas nonresponders did not. Conclusion: Abnormal neocortical function appears to be associated with the pathophysiology of PD and escitalopram exerts its therapeutic action by modulating brain activity at the level of the neocortex and limbic system, notably the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus.
Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in the General Population in the Netherlands, 1996–2008
Authors: Kramer M.A. , van der Maas N.A.T. , van Soest E.M. , Kemmeren J.M. , de Melker H.E. , Sturkenboom M.C.J.M.
Published: July 2012

Background: We estimated the multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence in the Netherlands for better active monitoring of potential vaccine safety signals. Methods: A retrospective cohort study (1996–2008) was conducted using a population-based general practice research database containing electronic medical records. Additional information was collected to validate incident probable cases. Results: In the source population (648,656 persons), 146 incident probable MS cases were identified. Overall incidence rate was 6.3/100,000 person years (py; 95% CI, 5.2–7.2). In the subgroup in which MS could be fully validated, the incidence increased from 4/100,000 py (95% CI, 3–5) in 1996–2004 to 9/100,000 py in 2007/8 (95% CI, 6–16). This increase was highest among women, but not statistically significantly different by gender. The median lag time between first recorded symptoms and MS diagnosis decreased from 32 months (<1998) to 2 months (>2005). Conclusions: MS is rare in the Netherlands. In recent years, there was a slight increase in the incidence especially among women during the fertile age. This increase coincided with a decrease in lag time between symptoms and diagnosis, both for men and women. This trend should be taken into account in the interpretation of MS cases occurring in a population where new vaccinations will be introduced shortly.
Biological Subtypes and Survival Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases (Study of the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology)
Authors: Kaplan Muhammet Ali , Isikdogan Abdurrahman , Koca Doğan , Kucukoner Mehmet , Gumusay Ozge , Yildiz Ramazan , Dayan Adem , Demir Lütfiye , Geredeli Caglayan , Kocer Murat , Arslan Ulku Yalcintas , İnal Ali , Unal Olcun Umit , Mert Aslıhan Guven , Bilici Mehmet , Ozkan Metin , Elkiran Emin Tamer , Yaman Sebnem , Durnalı Ayse Gok , Suner Ali , Alici Suleyman , Tarhan Mustafa Oktay , Boruban Cem , Urakci Zuhat , Buyukberber Suleyman
Published: July 2012

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the survival outcomes and biological subtype in breast cancer patients with brain metastases. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated clinical data from 422 breast cancer patients with brain metastases between 2001 and 2011 from referral centers in Turkey. The study population was divided into four biological subtypes according to their hormone receptor status and HER2 expression. Results: Systemic treatment prolonged median overall survival (OS) after brain metastases in the entire group (14 vs. 3.2 months, p < 0.001). It also prolonged median OS after brain metastases in the triple negative (7.5 vs. 1.6 months, p = 0.010) and luminal A (14.3 vs. 7.1 months, p = 0.003) subgroups. The median OS for untreated patients, chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy receiving patients, and chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy plus targeted therapy receivers was 2, 5.8, and 17.7 months, respectively (p < 0.001), in the HER2-overexpressing subgroup. In the luminal B subgroup, it was 3.7, 5.3, and 15.4 months, respectively (p = 0.003). Conclusions: The use of systemic therapy improves OS after brain metastases in all biological subgroups. Targeted therapies also improve OS after brain metastases in HER2-positive patients. The combined use of targeted therapies and lapatinib are superior to single use and trastuzumab, respectively, in these patients.
ABCC6 Localizes to the Mitochondria-Associated Membrane
Authors: Martin Lisa J. , Lau Edward , Singh Harpreet , Vergnes Laurent , Tarling Elizabeth J. , Mehrabian Margarete , Mungrue Imran , Xiao Sheila , Shih Diana , Castellani Lawrence , Ping Peipei , Reue Karen , Stefani Enrico , Drake Thomas A. , Bostrom Kristina , Lusis Aldons J.
Published: July 2012

Rationale:

Mutations of the orphan transporter ABCC6 (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member 6) cause the connective tissue disorder pseudoxanthoma elasticum. ABCC6 was thought to be located on the plasma membrane of liver and kidney cells.

Objective:

Mouse systems genetics and bioinformatics suggested that ABCC6 deficiency affects mitochondrial gene expression. We therefore tested whether ABCC6 associates with mitochondria.

Methods and Results:

We found ABCC6 in crude mitochondrial fractions and subsequently pinpointed its localization to the purified mitochondria-associated membrane fraction. Cell-surface biotinylation in hepatocytes confirmed that ABCC6 is intracellular. Abcc6-knockout mice demonstrated mitochondrial abnormalities and decreased respiration reserve capacity.

Conclusions:

Our finding that ABCC6 localizes to the mitochondria-associated membrane has implications for its mechanism of action in normal and diseased states.
Value of soluble TREM-1, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein serum levels as biomarkers for detecting bacteremia among sepsis patients with new fever in intensive care units: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Su Longxiang , Han Bingchao , Liu Changting , Liang Liling , Jiang Zhaoxu , Deng Jie , Yan Peng , Jia Yanhong , Feng Dan , Xie Lixin
Published: July 2012

Background

The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels for differentiating sepsis from SIRS, identifying new fever caused by bacteremia, and assessing prognosis when new fever occurred.

Methods

We enrolled 144 intensive care unit (ICU) patients: 60 with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and 84 with sepsis complicated by new fever at more than 48 h after ICU admission. Serum sTREM-1, PCT, and CRP levels were measured on the day of admission and at the occurrence of new fever (>38.3°C) during hospitalization. Based on the blood culture results, the patients were divided into a blood culture-positive bacteremia group (33 patients) and blood culture-negative group (51 patients). Based on 28-day survival, all patients, both blood culture-positive and -negative, were further divided into survivor and nonsurvivor groups.

Results

On ICU day 1, the sepsis group had higher serum sTREM-1, PCT, and CRP levels compared with the SIRS group (P <0.05). The areas under the curve (AUC) for these indicators were 0.868 (95% CI, 0.798–0.938), 0.729 (95% CI, 0.637–0.821), and 0.679 (95% CI, 0.578–0.771), respectively. With 108.9 pg/ml as the cut-off point for serum sTREM-1, sensitivity was 0.83 and specificity was 0.81. There was no statistically significant difference in serum sTREM-1 or PCT levels between the blood culture-positive and -negative bacteremia groups with ICU-acquired new fever. However, the nonsurvivors in the blood culture-positive bacteremia group had higher levels of serum sTREM-1 and PCT (P <0.05), with a prognostic AUC for serum sTREM-1 of 0.868 (95% CI, 0.740–0.997).

Conclusions

Serum sTREM-1, PCT, and CRP levels each have a role in the early diagnosis of sepsis. Serum sTREM-1, with the highest sensitivity and specificity of all indicators studied, is especially notable. sTREM-1, PCT, and CRP levels are of no use in determining new fever caused by bacteremia in ICU patients, but sTREM-1 levels reflect the prognosis of bacteremia.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT01410578
Skill transfer from symmetric and asymmetric bimanual training using a robotic system to single limb performance
Authors: Trlep Matic , Mihelj Matjaž , Munih Marko
Published: July 2012

Background

Humans are capable of fast adaptation to new unknown dynamics that affect their movements. Such motor learning is also believed to be an important part of motor rehabilitation. Bimanual training can improve post-stroke rehabilitation outcome and is associated with interlimb coordination between both limbs. Some studies indicate partial transfer of skills among limbs of healthy individuals. Another aspect of bimanual training is the (a)symmetry of bimanual movements and how these affect motor learning and possibly post-stroke rehabilitation.

Methods

A novel bimanual 2-DOF robotic system was used for both bimanual and unimanual reaching movements. 35 young healthy adults participated in the study. They were divided into 5 test groups that performed movements under different conditions (bimanual or unimanual movements and symmetric or asymmetric bimanual arm loads). The subjects performed a simple tracking exercise with the bimanual system. The exercise was developed to stimulate motor learning by applying a velocity-dependent disturbance torque to the handlebar. Each subject performed 255 trials divided into three phases: baseline without disturbance torque, training phase with disturbance torque and evaluation phase with disturbance torque.

Results

Performance was assessed with the maximal values of rotation errors of the handlebar. After exposure to disturbance torque, the errors decreased for both unimanual and bimanual training. Errors in unimanual evaluation following the bimanual training phase were not significantly different from errors in unimanual evaluation following unimanual training. There was no difference in performance following symmetric or asymmetric training. Changing the arm force symmetry during bimanual movements from asymmetric to symmetric had little influence on performance.

Conclusions

Subjects could adapt to an unknown disturbance torque that was changing the dynamics of the movements. The learning effect was present during both unimanual and bimanual training. Transfer of learned skills from bimanual training to unimanual movements was also observed, as bimanual training also improved single limb performance with the dominant arm. Changes of force symmetry did not have an effect on motor learning. As motor learning is believed to be an important mechanism of rehabilitation, our findings could be tested for future post-stroke rehabilitation systems.
Evaluation and differentiation of the Betulaceae birch bark species and their bioactive triterpene content using analytical FT-vibrational spectroscopy and GC-MS
Authors: Cîntă-Pînzaru Simona , Dehelean Cristina A , Soica Codruta , Culea Monica , Borcan Florin
Published: July 2012

Background

Aiming to obtain the highest triterpene content in the extraction products, nine bark samples from the forest abundant flora of Apuseni Mountains, Romania were Raman spectroscopically evaluated. Three different natural extracts from Betula pendula Roth birch bark have been obtained and characterized using Fourier transform vibrational spectra.

Results

This study shows that principal components of the birch tree extract can be rapidly recognized and differentiated based on their vibrational fingerprint band shape and intensity. The vibrational spectroscopy results are supported by the GC-MS data. Based on IR and Raman analysis, one can conclude that all the extracts, independent on the solvent(s) used, revealed dominant betulin species, followed by lupeol.

Conclusions

Since Raman measurements could also be performed on fresh plant material, we demonstrated the possibility to apply the present results for the prediction of the highest triterpene content in bark species, for the selection of harvesting time or individual genotypes directly in the field, with appropriate portable Raman equipment.
The effect of telemedicine in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wilcox M Elizabeth , Adhikari Neill KJ
Published: July 2012

Introduction

Telemedicine extends intensivists' reach to critically ill patients cared for by other physicians. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of telemedicine on patients' outcomes.

Methods

We searched electronic databases through April 2012, bibliographies of included trials, and indexes and conference proceedings in two journals (2001 to 2012). We selected controlled trials or observational studies of critically ill adults or children, examining the effects of telemedicine on mortality. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted data on outcomes (mortality and length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital) and methodologic quality. We used random-effects meta-analytic models unadjusted for case mix or cluster effects and quantified between-study heterogeneity by using I
2
(the percentage of total variability across studies attributable to heterogeneity rather than to chance).

Results

Of 865 citations, 11 observational studies met selection criteria. Overall quality was moderate (mean score on Newcastle-Ottawa scale, 5.1/9; range, 3 to 9). Meta-analyses showed that telemedicine, compared with standard care, is associated with lower ICU mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65 to 0.96; nine studies, n = 23,526; I
2
= 70%) and hospital mortality (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.94; nine studies, n = 47,943; I
2
= 72%). Interventions with continuous patient-data monitoring, with or without alerts, reduced ICU mortality (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.95; six studies, n = 21,384; I
2
= 74%) versus those with remote intensivist consultation only (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.20 to 2.07; three studies, n = 2,142; I
2
= 71%), but effects were statistically similar (interaction P = 0.74). Effects were also similar in higher (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.02) versus lower (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.19; interaction, P = 0.53) quality studies. Reductions in ICU and hospital length of stay were statistically significant (weighted mean difference (telemedicine-control), -0.62 days; 95% CI, -1.21 to -0.04 days and -1.26 days; 95% CI, -2.49 to -0.03 days, respectively; I
2
> 90% for both).

Conclusions

Telemedicine was associated with lower ICU and hospital mortality among critically ill patients, although effects varied among studies and may be overestimated in nonrandomized designs. The optimal telemedicine technology configuration and dose tailored to ICU organization and case mix remain unclear.
Treatment and prognosis of angiosarcoma of the scalp and face: a retrospective analysis of 48 patients
Authors: Ogawa K , Takahashi K , Asato Y , Yamamoto Y , Taira K , Matori S , Iraha S , Yagi N , Yogi A , Haranaga S , Fujita J , Uezato H , Murayama S
Published: July 2012

Objective

The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyse the treatment results of clinically localised angiosarcoma of the scalp and face.

Methods

The records of 48 patients who were treated between 1987 and 2009 were reviewed. single modality or a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy were administered. The median follow-up of all 48 patients was 13.7 months (range 2.5–105.9 months).

Results

At the time of analysis, 45 of 48 patients (93.8%) had disease recurrences, and the lung was the most frequent site for recurrence (37 patients). In multivariate analysis, performance status (PS) and number of tumours were significant predictors of lung-metastasis-free (LMF) rate. For patients with multifocal tumours, chemotherapy use significantly decreased the LMF rate (p=0.0072). The 2-year actuarial overall survival (OS), progression-free survival and local control rates in all 48 patients were 22.1%, 10.7% and 46.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, PS, number of tumours, surgery and radiotherapy were significant prognostic factors for OS. Patients treated with both surgery and radiotherapy (2-year OS: 45.8%) had a significantly more favourable OS (p<0.0001) than patients treated with either surgery or radiotherapy (2-year OS: 11.1%) and patients treated with neither surgery nor radiotherapy (2-year OS: 0%).

Conclusions

Our results indicated that PS and number of tumours were significant predictors for developing lung metastases. Our results also indicated that PS, number of tumours, surgery use and radiotherapy use were independent prognostic factors for OS. Multimodal treatments including surgery and radiotherapy were effective in improving OS for patients with these tumours.

Advances in knowledge

Multimodal treatments including surgery and radiotherapy are effective in improving overall survival for patients with angiosarcoma of the scalp and face.
Consórcio de guandu-anão com milheto: persistência e liberação de macronutrientes e silício da fitomassa
Authors: Ferrari Neto Jayme , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Soratto Rogério Peres , Costa Claudio Hideo Martins da
Published: July 2012

O consórcio de gramíneas com leguminosas pode ser alternativa interessante para o fornecimento de fitomassa para sistemas de rotação de culturas, porém, pouco se sabe sobre a dinâmica de decomposição e de liberação de nutrientes da palhada. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a persistência de palhada e a liberação de macronutrientes, carbono e silício da fitomassa do consórcio guandu-anão+milheto com e sem a fragmentação mecânica da mesma. O experimento foi desenvolvido em esquema fatorial 2x6 sob delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído por dois manejos da fitomassa da parte aérea (sem e com fragmentação mecânica) e o segundo por seis épocas de coleta (0, 18, 32, 46, 74 e 91 dias após manejo (DAM)). A fragmentação da palhada não alterou a decomposição e a liberação de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S e as máximas liberações diárias ocorreram de 0 a 18 DAM. Aos 91 DAM pelo menos 80% de todos os macronutrientes foram liberados ao solo. O K foi o nutriente mais rapidamente liberado, restando aos 91 DAM, apenas 1,4% da quantidade total acumulada, na média dos manejos com e sem fragmentação mecânica. O Si foi o elemento mais lentamente liberado da palhada, restando ainda aos 91 DAM, em média 69% da quantidade total acumulada. A relação C/Si pode ser uma ferramenta para avaliar a degradação de palhada.
Inovando na pós-graduação: a experiência do MBA da EAESP/FGV
Authors: Oliveira Fátima Bayma de
Published: July 2012

O artigo aborda a problemática do redesenho dos programas de pós-graduação e analisa as várias questões que vêm sendo discutidas neste campo: o desenvolvimento de cursos alternativos de pós-graduação, a redução do número de créditos do mestrado e o enxugamento dos programas deste nível, com vistas à diminuição do tempo médio de duração dos cursos. Sob esta perspectiva, é apresentada a experiência da EAESP/FGV (Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, da Fundação Getúlio Vargas) no desenvolvimento do MBA (Master in Business Administration), experiência pioneira que vem ao encontro da necessidade de inovações na pós-graduação em Administração.
Quais carreiras e para qual sociedade? (II)
Authors: Chanlat Jean-François
Published: July 2012

Na seqüência do artigo, o autor mostra que atualmente, com a diminuição das ofertas de empregos, o desenvolvimento de carreira encontra-se frente a diversos paradoxos. Entre estes pode-se apontar a falta de formação dos estudantes de administração, as dificuldades de mercado, o avanço dos trabalhos temporários. Para que hajam mudanças no cenário futuro é necessário pensar sobre transformações substantivas na ética do trabalho, na formação dos jovens, na preocupação exclusivamente financeira que limita cada vez mais o horizonte profissional. Dando continuidade à primeira parte, o artigo aponta para os paradoxos e desafios a serem enfrentados atualmente pelos que desejam fazer carreira, face à diminuição dos empregos disponíveis.
Os padrões éticos da propaganda na América Latina
Authors: Arruda Maria Cecília Coutinho de , Uono Adriana , Allegrini Juliano
Published: July 2012

O presente estudo busca compreender a percepção sobre o conceito de ética, a performance ética e a responsabilidade social na atividade de propaganda na América Latina. Foram definidos padrões e diretrizes que norteiam a ação de um publicitário e, em função deles, foram analisadas tendências e intuições dos profissionais em nove países: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Panamá e Venezuela. A ausência de perspectiva ética pode estar sendo encontrada em muitas campanhas publicitárias veiculadas de inúmeras formas, nos anúncios de produtos, serviços e idéias.
Profissionalizar a administração da cultura
Authors: Durand José Carlos Garcia
Published: July 2012

Após enunciar os princípios que devem nortear uma gestão cultural moderna e democrática, o artigo traça um panorama da área cultural pública brasileira entre 1986 e 1994. Examina o descaso de políticos, os critérios duvidosos na escolha de dirigentes de cúpula e a falta de qualificação de seus técnicos. Fornece pistas de como fazer avançar a racionalidade administrativa indispensável para que o Estado e empresas possam engajar-se em parcerias, como acontece na maioria dos países avançados.
Sistema de Informação Geográfica: uma arma estratégica para o Database Marketing
Authors: Aranha Francisco
Published: July 2012

Os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) tornaram-se disponíveis para uso em computadores de mesa, sendo extremamente adaptáveis para as atividades de marketing de relacionamento. Uma característica desses sistemas é que permitem uma análise de dados de forma praticamente inviável com outras ferramentas. A sua utilização depende da existência de mapas e dados possivelmente caros e difíceis de obter. No Brasil, seu uso vai popularizar-se nos próximos dois anos.
Contemporary issues in the government and administration of Latin American megacities
Authors: Ward Peter M.
Published: July 2012

This paper is the first to systematically analyze and compare the structures of city governance and administration for seven major cities in Latin America, four of which are megacities (population of over 10 million), and three others are large national capitals. U.S. and U. K. models of city administration are reviewed as baseline models against which differences in Latin American may be explored. Structures of Government in Latin America show several important features and trends: 1) the lack of metropolitan (cross jurisdictional) authority; 2) the existence of strong mayors and weak councils"; 3) high levels of partisanship; 4) overlapping rather than interlocking bureaucracies; 5) pressures towards the privatization of city services, but continuing tension over the desirability of public versus private control; 6) greater fiscal responsibility and autonomy; and 7), a continuing marginalization of public participation in megacity governance.In spite of these features, many cities throughout the region (regardless of whether they are megacity size or national capitals), are actively intensifying their efforts to develop more effective, accountable and democratic governance structures.
Como não se perder com 9 milhões de endereços
Authors: Aranha Francisco
Published: July 2012

Na adoção de novas tecnologias, o problema nem sempre é a disponibilidade de recursos, mas sim a possibilidade de acesso à informação adequada e à capacidade de utilizar novos quadros de referência analíticos. Quando se empregam Sistemas Geográficos de Informação no tratamento de endereços para o Database Marketing, é preciso passar a enxergar os endereços como as entidades autônomas que realmente são, em vez de considerá-los como meros atributos dos clientes. Essaestratégia reduz, consideravelmente, o esforço de geodecodificação.
Formation of beetroot seedlings in different protected environments, substrates and containers in Aquidauana region, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Letícia C. de , Costa Edilson , Cortelassi Julissandra A. da S. , Rodrigues Edson T.
Published: July 2012

This study with beetroot seedlings, cultivar Top Tall Early Wonder, was carried out at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS/Aquidauana), from October to November 2008. Three environments of cultivation were used: greenhouse; nursery with monofilament screen of 50 % of shading; and nursery with aluminized thermal reflective screen of 50% of shading. In these environments, three polystyrene trays of 72, 128 and 200 cells, filled with four substrates, were tested: soil; Plantmax®; coconut fiber and vermiculite. There were no replication environments and then each one was considered an experiment alone. For each environment, it was adopted a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 3x4 (three trays x four substrates), with four replications, performing individual analysis of variance and joint analysis of experiments for environment comparisons. The monofilament screen is the best environment for seedlings produced in tray of 72 cells, and the greenhouse was the best environment for seedlings produced in trays of 128 cells. The best seedlings were formed in the tray of 72 cells. Vermiculite was the best substrate.
Measurement systems of soil water matric potential and evaluation of soil moisture under different irrigation depths
Authors: Beraldo José M. G. , Cora José E. , Fernandes Edemo J.
Published: July 2012

The development of new methodologies and tools that enable to determine the water content in soil is of fundamental importance to the practice of irrigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil matric potential using mercury tensiometer and puncture digital tensiometer, and to compare the gravimetric soil moisture values obtained by tensiometric system with gravimetric soil moisture obtained by neutron attenuation technique. Four experimental plots were maintained with different soil moisture by irrigation. Three repetitions of each type of tensiometer were installed at 0.20 m depth. Based on the soil matric potential and the soil water retention curve, the corresponding gravimetric soil moisture was determined. The data was then compared to those obtained by neutron attenuation technique. The results showed that both tensiometric methods showed no difference under soil matric potential higher than -40 kPa. However, under drier soil, when the water was replaced by irrigation, the soil matric potential of the puncture digital tensiometer was less than those of the mercury tensiometer.
Característica da deposição e distribuição da calda de pulverização na cultura da soja em estádio fenológico V6
Authors: Constantin Jamil , Sales José G. C. , Maciel Cleber D. de G.
Published: July 2012

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da deposição da calda de pulverização produzida por diferentes modelos de pontas de pulverização e pressões de trabalho no estádio fenológico V6 da cultura da soja. Oito tratamentos e cinquenta repetições foram estudados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2, representados por quatro modelos de pontas de pulverização do fabricante Magno® e duas condições de pressão de trabalho (207 e 414 kPa), constituindo os tratamentos: AD 11002 (152 L ha-1 e 208 L ha-1); AD/D 11002 (152 L ha-1 e 208 L ha-1); AD-IA/D 11002 (152 L ha-1 e 208 L ha-1); MAG 2 e MAG 3 (157 L ha-1 e 212 L ha-1). Para monitorar a deposição das caldas de pulverização, utilizou-se dos traçadores Azul Brilhante FD&C-1 (0,3% p/v) e Amarelo de Tartrasina FD&C-5 (0,6% p/v). Os depósitos unitários das soluções sobre os trifólios superiores e inferiores das plantas de soja foram quantificados por espectrofotometria. As maiores quantidades de deposição da calda de pulverização, nas posições superior e inferior da cultura da soja, foram obtidas com as pontas MAG 2 e AD/D 11002, em pressão de 414 kPa. O aumento da pressão de 207 para 414 kPa, utilizando-se das pontas AD 11002; AD/D 11002 e AD-IA/D 11002 aumentou a deposição sobre os trifólios superiores e inferiores, ao contrário do uso da ponta MAG 3 em relação a MAG 2, em 414 kPa.
Demanda de potência do ventilador para aeração de material em compostagem
Authors: Matos Antonio T. de , Teixeira Denis L. , Ribeiro Ivan C. , Paiva Ed Carlo R. , Lacerda Filho Adílio F.
Published: July 2012

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se ajustar curvas de perda na pressão estática do ar, quando forçado em camadas de material orgânico, com diferentes espessuras, e dois estádios de degradação bioquímica, para possibilitar o cálculo da demanda de potência do sistema de ventilação. Os resíduos utilizados para a medição da perda de pressão do ar foram cama de frango misturada com casca dos frutos do cafeeiro, razão entre massas de 2,5:1, de forma a se obter relação C/N inicial de 30:1. Foi verificado que a perda na pressão estática do ar aumentou linearmente com a espessura da camada de composto orgânico e que houve aumento na perda de pressão estática com o aumento na vazão específica do ar, o que praticamente não foi alterado pelo estádio de degradação bioquímica do material em compostagem. Todos os modelos testados (potencial, logarítmico e quadrático) ajustaram-se bem aos dados experimentais, na faixa de vazão específica de ar entre 0,045 e 0,159 m³ s-1 m-2, podendo ser usado para predizer os gradientes de pressão estática no composto orgânico. A potência demandada pelo sistema de ventilação foi de 1,16 W t-1 no material, antes da compostagem, e de 2,38 W t-1, após 60 dias de compostagem, em camada com 1 m de espessura. Em camada de 2 m de espessura, a demanda foi de 17,70 e 21,65 W t-1, respectivamente.
Prevalência de excesso de peso e fatores associados em adolescentes de escolas privadas de região urbana na Amazônia
Authors: Silva Júnior Laércio M. , Santos Angelita Pereira dos , Souza Orivaldo Florencio de , Farias Edson dos Santos
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência e fatores associados ao excesso de peso corporal em adolescentes do ensino médio. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 741 adolescentes de escolas privadas de Rio Branco, Acre. O peso e a altura foram aferidos de forma prospectiva e o índice de massa corporal calculado, definindo-se excesso de peso de acordo com a curva de referência da Organização Mundial da Saúde de 2007. Coletaram-se informações quanto a sexo, idade, classe socioeconômica, escolaridade dos pais, número de moradores no domicílio, número de irmãos, atividade física, tempo gasto assistindo à televisão e tempo de uso de computador. Os fatores associados ao excesso de peso foram identificados mediante regressão múltipla de Poisson e utilizando-se o procedimento de eliminação retrógrada para a seleção das variáveis do modelo múltiplo. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 29,5%. O sexo masculino mostrou maior prevalência (33,2%) em comparação ao feminino (26,4%). Quanto à idade, a prevalência foi maior aos 14 anos (40%) em ambos os sexos. Na análise múltipla, ajustada pela idade e sexo, o uso de computador acima de duas horas diárias e o sedentarismo associaram-se ao excesso de peso. CONCLUSÕES: O excesso de peso apresenta-se como um sério problema de saúde pública em escolares do ensino médio de instituições particulares de Rio Branco, Acre. Sugere-se a promoção da atividade física e a redução no tempo de uso de computador para o declínio do excesso de peso.
PL2 production of english word-final consonants: the role of orthography and learner profile variables
Authors: Silveira Rosane
Published: July 2012

The present study investigates some factors affecting the acquisition of second language (L2) phonology by learners with considerable exposure to the target language in an L2 context. More specifically, the purpose of the study is two-fold: (a) to investigate the extent to which participants resort to phonological processes resulting from the transfer of L1 sound-spelling correspondence into the L2 when pronouncing English word-final consonants; and (b) to examine the relationship between rate of transfer and learner profile factors, namely proficiency level, length of residence in the L2 country, age of arrival in the L2 country, education, chronological age, use of English with native speakers, attendance in EFL courses, and formal education. The investigation involved 31 Brazilian speakers living in the United States with diverse profiles. Data were collected using a questionnaire to elicit the participants' profiles, a sentence-reading test (pronunciation measure), and an oral picture-description test (L2 proficiency measure). The results indicate that even in an L2 context, the transfer of L1 sound-spelling correspondence to the production of L2 word-final consonants is frequent. The findings also reveal that extensive exposure to rich L2 input leads to the development of proficiency and improves production of L2 word-final consonants.