bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the origins of quasi-phase matching spectral imperfections in thin-film lithium niobate frequency doublers
Authors: Zhao Jie , Li Xiaoting , Hu Ting-Chen , Sayem Ayed Al , Li Haochuan , Tate Alaric , Kim Kwangwoong , Kopf Rose , Sanjari Pouria , Earnshaw Mark , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Wang Cheng , Blanco-Redondo Andrea
Published: December 2023

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) based frequency doublers have widely been recognized as an essential component for both classical and quantum optical communications. Nonetheless, the efficiency (unit: %/W) of these devices is hindered by imperfections present in the quasi-phase matching (QPM) spectrum. In this report, we present a thorough experimental study of spectral imperfections in TFLN frequency doublers with varying lengths, ranging from 5 to 15 mm. A non-destructive diagnostic method based on scattered light imaging is proposed and employed to identify the waveguide sections and primary waveguide parameters contributing to the imperfections in the QPM spectrum. By applying this method, we obtain the evolution of the QPM spectrum along the waveguide’s length. Correlating this information with the measurements of the relevant geometric parameters along the waveguides suggests that the TFLN film thickness variation is the primary source for the measured spectral distortions. Furthermore, we numerically reproduce the QPM spectra with the mapped TFLN film thickness across the entire waveguiding regions. These findings align with and complement the simulation results from previous numerical studies, providing further evidence of the effectiveness of the developed diagnostic method. This comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights into the identification and mitigation of spectral imperfections in TFLN-based frequency doublers, paving the way for the realization of nonlinear optical devices with enhanced efficiency and improved spectral fidelity.
Resistive field generation in intense proton beam interaction with solid targets
Authors: Wang W. Q. , Honrubia J. J. , Yin Y. , Yang X. H. , Shao F. Q.
Published: December 2023

The Brown–Preston–Singleton (BPS) stopping power model is added to our previously developed hybrid code to model ion beam–plasma interaction. Hybrid simulations show that both resistive field and ion scattering effects are important for proton beam transport in a solid target, in which they compete with each other. When the target is not completely ionized, the self-generated resistive field effect dominates over the ion scattering effect. However, when the target is completely ionized, this situation is reversed. Moreover, it is found that Ohmic heating is important for higher current densities and materials with high resistivity. The energy fraction deposited as Ohmic heating can be as high as 20%–30%. Typical ion divergences with half-angles of about 5°–10° will modify the proton energy deposition substantially and should be taken into account.
Direct measurement and modeling of viscoelastic–viscoplastic properties of freely standing thin polystyrene films
Authors: Xiao Yuhan , Bai Pei , Zhang Zhengyang , Guo Yunlong
Published: December 2023

The demand for applications, such as coatings, separation filters, and electronic packaging, has greatly driven the research of polymer films. At nanometer scale, mechanical properties of thin polymer films can significantly deviate from bulk. Despite outstanding progresses, there still lack deep discussions on nonlinear viscoelastic–viscoplastic response and their interactions under nanoconfinement. In this work, by conducting measurements via the bubble inflation method and modelling using Schapery and Perzyna equations, we demonstrate nonlinear viscoelastic–viscoplastic properties of freely standing thin polystyrene (PS) films. The results show the unchanged glassy compliance and the rubbery stiffening phenomenon for thin PS films, where the lower rubbery plateau in rubbery stiffening may originate from the induced molecular orientation by plastic deformation. With decreasing film thickness, viscosity and yield stress in viscoplasticity increase in an exponential and a linear trend, respectively, indicating the significant role of nanoconfinement effect on viscoplastic properties. These findings may reveal that there are many properties from linear viscoelasticity to nonlinear viscoelasticity–viscoplasticity that need to be explored and unveiled for sufficient understanding of the nanoconfinement effect on altering mechanical behavior of polymers.
A novel portable in situ printer for hydrogel multi-structure molding and cell printing
Authors: Liu Huazhen , Zhang Yi , Jian Zhian , Gao Chuang , Lu Chunxiang , Dai Qiqi , Qiao Hao , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: December 2023

Skin lesions not only disrupt appearance and barrier functionality but also lead to severe microbial infections and immune-inflammatory responses, seriously affect physical and mental health. In situ printing involves the direct deposition of bio-ink to create or repair damaged tissues or organs within a clinical setting. In this study, we designed and fabricated a novel portable in situ printer. This handheld instrument exhibits excellent printing performance, allowing hydrogels to be patterned and molded on surfaces according to specific requirements. By utilizing a dual-component hydrogels co-printing approach with high and low viscosities, we achieved in situ cell-laden printing using low-viscosity hydrogel. This demonstrates the advantages of the device in maintaining cell viability and achieving hydrogel structuring. This approach opens up the possibilities for the efficient encapsulation of active components such as drugs, proteins, and cells, enabling controlled macro- and micro-structuring of hydrogels. This breakthrough finding highlights the potential of our technical approach in dermatological treatment and wound repair, by dynamically adapting and regulating microenvironments in conjunction with hydrogel scaffolds and cell reparative impetus.
Design of a 0.15–2 GHz high-resolution vector-sum broadband phase shifter with controlled programmable attenuators for stochastic cooling system
Authors: Ma Liyao , Zhu Guangyu , Wu Junxia , Yin Jia , Wei Yuan , He Peilin , Wang Yongheng , Qiu Zishuai , Yang Jiancheng
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a new 0.15–2 GHz broadband phase shifter with 9-bit phase resolution is presented. This broadband digital adjustable phase shifter is implemented by utilizing the signal vector summation technology. The phase shifter consists of one 90° hybrid coupler, two digital attenuators, two 180° hybrid couplers, two microwave switches, and one combiner. By adjusting the attenuation value of the two digital attenuators, the device creates a minimum 0.7° stepped phase shift. In addition, by switching the two microwave switches, a 360° range of phase shift is achieved while almost keeping the amplitude of the phase shifter constant. The measurement results show that the proposed phase shifter achieves a phase resolution of 0.7° while exhibiting an average insertion loss of 9 ± 2 dB and phase unbalance within ±10°. The calculated RMS phase error of the broadband phase shifter is below 5° from 0.15 to 2 GHz.
High-accuracy DMBE potential energy surface for CNO(A′′4) and the rate coefficients for the C + NO reaction in the A′2, A′′2, and A′′4 states
Authors: Alves Márcio O. , Mota Vinícius C. , Braga João P. , Varandas António J. C. , Guo Hua , Galvão Breno R. L.
Published: December 2023

An accurate potential energy surface (PES) for the lowest lying A′′4 state of the CNO system is presented based on explicitly correlated multi-reference configuration interaction calculations with quadruple zeta basis set (MRCI-F12/cc-pVQZ-F12). The ab initio energies are fitted using the double many-body expansion method, thus incorporating long-range energy terms that can accurately describe the electrostatic and dispersion interactions with physically motivated decaying functions. Together with the previously fitted lowest A′2 and A′′2 states using the same theoretical framework, this constitutes a new set of PESs that are suitable to predict rate coefficients for all atom–diatom reactions of the CNO system. We use this set of PESs to calculate thermal rate coefficients for the C(P3) + NO(Π2) reaction and compare the temperature dependence and product branching ratios with experimental results. The comparison between theory and experiment is shown to be improved over previous theoretical studies. We highlight the importance of the long-range interactions for low-temperature rate coefficients.
VASP2KP: k⋅p Models and Landé g-Factors from ab initio Calculations
Authors: Zhang 章 Sheng 盛 , Sheng 盛 Haohao 昊昊 , Song 宋 Zhi-Da 志达 , Liang 梁 Chenhao 晨昊 , Jiang 蒋 Yi 毅 , Sun 孙 Song 松 , Wu 吴 Quansheng 泉生 , Weng 翁 Hongming 红明 , Fang 方 Zhong 忠 , Dai 戴 Xi 希 , Wang 王 Zhijun 志俊
Published: December 2023

The k⋅p method is significant in condensed matter physics for the compact and analytical Hamiltonian. In the presence of magnetic field, it is described by the effective Zeeman’s coupling Hamiltonian with Landé g-factors. Here, we develop an open-source package VASP2KP (including two parts: vasp2mat and mat2kp) to compute k⋅p parameters and Landé g-factors directly from the wavefunctions provided by the density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in Vienna ab initio Simulation Package (VASP). First, we develop a VASP patch vasp2mat to compute matrix representations of the generalized momentum operator

π
^

=

p
^

+

1

2
m

c
2

[

s
^

×
∇
V
(
r
)
]

, spin operator

s
^

, time reversal operator

T
^

, and crystalline symmetry operators

R
^

on the DFT wavefunctions. Second, we develop a python code mat2kp to obtain the unitary transformation U that rotates the degenerate DFT basis towards the standard basis, and then automatically compute the k⋅p parameters and g-factors. The theory and the methodology behind VASP2KP are described in detail. The matrix elements of the operators are derived comprehensively and computed correctly within the projector augmented wave method. We apply this package to some materials, e.g., Bi2Se3, Na3Bi, Te, InAs and 1H-TMD monolayers. The obtained effective model’s dispersions are in good agreement with the DFT data around the specific wave vector, and the g-factors are consistent with experimental data. The VASP2KP package is available at https://github.com/zjwang11/VASP2KP.
Nonorthogonal coding in spectrally-entangled photons
Authors: Tsai N-Y , Jen H H
Published: December 2023

Controlling and engineering continuous spectral modes of entangled photons represents one of the promising approaches toward secure quantum communications. By using the telecom bandwidth generated from a cascade-emitted biphoton in atomic ensembles, a fiber-based long-distance quantum communication can be feasible owing to its low transmission loss. With multiplexed photon pairs, we propose to implement a nonorthogonal coding scheme in their spectral modes and present an architecture of multiple channels enabling a high-capacity transfer of codewords. Using the measures of the second-order correlations and associated visibility and contrast, we further quantify the performance of the proposed nonorthogonal coding scheme. Our results demonstrate the capability to encode and decode quantum information beyond the orthogonal coding scheme, and in particular, the multi-channel setup manifests a resilience and an advantage in a design with multiple channel errors. The proposed scheme here can be applicable to a large-scale and multiuser quantum communication and pave the way toward an efficient and functional quantum information processing.
Emerging half metal electrides in manganese oxyarsenide hydrides LaMnAsO 1−x
H
x
Authors: Tang HuaiBao , Zuo XueQing , Yang Qun , Li Guang , Liu DaYong
Published: December 2023

In the paper, we report that the hydrides LaMnAsO

1
−
x

H
x
can serve as a switchable half-metal electride which combines the dual properties of half metals and electrides. Using density functional theory calculations, it is found that this hydride compounds exhibit a novel magnetic structure in which magnetic electrides arising from the excess electrons induced by the H dopants coexist with local-moment antiferromagnetism of the Mn spin lattice. While the reported sizable negative magnetoresistance and ferromagnetism are merely contributed by the spin polarization of excess electrons, this material mimics the behavior of a switchable half-metal electride because the completely spin polarization of excess electrons is easily achieved by controlling the concentration of conductive electrons or H dopants. These effects look very promising for continuing the rapid pace of spintronics application.
Enhanced tunneling electroresistance through interfacial charge-modulated barrier in α-In2Se3-based ferroelectric tunnel junction
Authors: He Shiying , Zou Daifeng
Published: December 2023

The manipulation of tunneling resistance is critical for ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) devices. In this work, we propose a mechanism to manipulate tunneling resistance through interfacial charge-modulated barrier in two-dimensional (2D) n-type semiconductor/ferroelectric FTJs. Driven by ferroelectric reversal, different effective tunneling barriers are realized by the depletion or accumulation of electrons near the n-type semiconductor surface in such devices. Thus, the tunneling resistance in FTJs undergoes significant changes for different polarization orientations, resulting in a giant tunneling electroresistance (TER) effect. To illustrate this idea, we construct 2D FTJs based on n-InSe/α-In2Se3 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. Based on the electronic transport calculations, it is found that TER ratio can reach 4.20 × 103% in the designed FTJs. The physical origin of the giant TER effect is verified through analysis of the effective potential energy of the n-InSe/α-In2Se3 vdW heterostructures and the real-space transmission eigenstates of the designed FTJs. This work contributes to the knowledge of carrier tunneling mechanisms at the interface of semiconductor/In2Se3 vdW heterostructures, and providing a significant insight into the TER effect of this FTJ systems, also presenting an alternative approach for the design of FTJ-based devices.
A compound fault diagnosis model for gearboxes using correlation information between single faults
Authors: Zeng Ming , Wang Hao , Cheng Yiwei , Wei Jianyu
Published: December 2023

Gearboxes are key components of rotating machinery. Performing intelligent fault diagnosis of gearboxes with condition-based monitoring information helps to make reliable decisions on equipment operation and maintenance. Besides single faults, compound faults also are common failure forms of gearboxes. Conventional intelligent diagnosis models (known as single-label models) generally treat a compound fault as a new fault type, ignoring the correlations between the compound fault and the corresponding single faults. To overcome this problem, multi-label learning has been introduced and developed into multi-label models. It is also possible that different single faults are not independent but correlated with each other. Existing multi-label models, however, usually ignore this aspect. Therefore, exploiting the correlation information between single faults can further improve multi-label models. To this end, every single fault is treated as a
label node
, resulting in a label graph. The feature vector of each label node is initialized by the word embedding of the corresponding single-fault label. All the word embeddings are mapped using graph convolutional networks (GCN) into the parameter vectors of a set of interdependent binary linear classifiers that can directly perform multi-label classification on health categories. Meanwhile, the adjacency matrix of the label graph is adaptively learned by self-attention (SA) from node feature vectors. In this way, a novel multi-label model based on SA and GCN (referred to as SA-GCN) is proposed for compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes. SA-GCN mainly consists of a ResNet-based fault feature learning module, an SA-based adjacency matrix learning module, and a GCN-based multi-label classifier learning module. The application results on two gearbox cases show that SA-GCN outperforms conventional single-label models as well as state-of-the-art multi-label models in terms of both the diagnostic accuracy of compound faults and the overall diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, the effects of internal modules and hyperparameters on SA-GCN are also investigated.
Study on the influence of internal modulation parameters on the temperature calculation performance of matrix-searching CCD pyrometer
Authors: Li Chao , Xu Chundong , Wang Yongjuan , Gao Liming , Zhang Xiangyong , Zhang Qi , Kong Deren
Published: December 2023

Matrix-searching CCD temperature measurement technology can integrate the complex signal modulation process of CCD because of its forward solution of inverse problem. But in the existing research, there is still a lack of discussion on the temperature calculation ability of this technology in the internal modulation process. Therefore, the research on the influence of temperature calculation performance of matrix-searching CCD pyrometer is carried out. Based on the three-channel temperature equation and the radiation acquisition theory of the detector, the evaluation model of effective measurement range and temperature resolution is defined and constructed. Combined with the calibration experiment, the effects of gain and gamma internal modulation parameters on the effective temperature measurement range and temperature resolution are discussed. Through the analysis of the simulation results, the use and effects of the two internal modulation parameters are obtained, which not only improves the theoretical system of the matrix-seeking temperature measurement method, but also provides theoretical guidance for the parameter selection of the method under different conditions.
Amorphous Co–Mo–P film on nickel foam: a superior bifunctional electrocatalyst for alkaline seawater splitting
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Yang Qin , Zhang Longcheng , Li Jun , Sun Shengjun , Yang Yingchun , Sun Yuntong , Sun Xuping
Published: December 2023

Seawater splitting is a compelling avenue to produce abundant hydrogen, which requires high-performance and cost-effective catalysts. Constructing bimetallic transition metal phosphides is a feasible strategy to meet the challenge. Here, an amorphous Co–Mo–P film supported on nickel foam (Co–Mo–P/NF) electrode is developed with bifunctional properties for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline seawater. Corresponding results indicate that the introduction of Mo can improve the active sites and regulate the intrinsic activity. Such a Co–Mo–P/NF behaves with prominent electrocatalytic activity towards both HER and OER, demanding low overpotentials of 193 and 352 mV at 100 mA cm‒2 in alkaline seawater, respectively. Furthermore, the assembled electrolyzer demands a pronounced overall seawater splitting activity with a low cell voltage of 1.76 V to deliver 100 mA cm−2 presenting excellent durability without obvious attenuation after 24 h continuous stability test. This work expands the horizon to develop transition metal-phosphorus electrocatalysts with robust and efficient activity for overall seawater splitting.
SnO2/SnS heterojunction anchoring on CMK-3 mesoporous network improves the reversibility of conversion reaction for lithium/sodium ions storage
Authors: Zhang Dongyang , Liu Limin , Zhang Shishi , Cui Jia , Wang Mingyue , Wang Qingchuan , Dong Haijian , Su Yaqiong , Ding Shujiang
Published: December 2023

Tin oxide-based (SnO2) materials show high theoretical capacity for lithium and sodium storage benefiting from a double-reaction mechanism of conversion and alloying reactions. However, due to the limitation of the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, the conversion reaction process of SnO2 usually shows irreversibility, resulting in serious capacity decay and hindering the further application of the SnO2 anode. Herein, SnO2/SnS heterojunction was anchored on the surface and inside of CMK-3 by in
situ synthesis method, forming a stable 3D structural material (SnO2/SnS@CMK-3). The electrochemical properties of SnO2/SnS@CMK-3 composite show high capacity and reversible conversion reaction, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of CMK-3 and SnO2/SnS heterojunction. To further investigate the influence of the heterojunction on the reversibility of the conversion reaction, the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) was calculated using density functional theory. The results show that SnO2/SnS heterojunction has a closer to zero ΔG for lithium/sodium ion batteries compared to SnO2, indicating that the heterojunction enhances the reversibility of the conversion reaction in chemical reaction thermodynamics. Our work provides insights into the reversibility of the conversion reaction of SnO2-based materials, which is essential for improving their electrochemical performance.
Optical transparency in 2D ferromagnetic WSe2/1T-VSe2/WSe2 multilayer with strain induced large anomalous Nernst conductivity
Authors: Khan Imran , Marfoua Brahim , Hong Jisang
Published: December 2023

Transparent two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials may bring intriguing features and are indispensable for transparent electronics. However, it is rare to find both optical transparency and room-temperature ferromagnetism simultaneously in a single 2D material. Herein, we explore the possibility of both these features in 2D WSe2/1T-VSe2 (1ML)/WSe2 and WSe2/1T-VSe2 (2ML)/WSe2 heterostructures by taking one monolayer (1ML) and two monolayers (2ML) of 1T-VSe2 using first-principles calculations. Further, we investigate anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) and anomalous Nernst conductivity (ANC) using a maximally localized Wannier function. The WSe2/1T-VSe2 (1ML)/WSe2 and WSe2/1T-VSe2 (2ML)/WSe2 systems show Curie temperatures of 328 and 405 K. Under biaxial compressive strain, the magnetic anisotropy of both systems is switched from in-plane to out-of-plane. We find a large AHC of 1.51 e2/h and 3.10 e2/h in the electron-doped region for strained WSe2/1T-VSe2 (1ML)/WSe2 and WSe2/1T-VSe2 (2ML)/WSe2 systems. Furthermore, we obtain a giant ANC of 3.94 AK−1 m−1 in a hole-doped strained WSe2/1T-VSe2 (2ML)/WSe2 system at 100 K. Both WSe2/1T-VSe2 (1ML)/WSe2 and WSe2/1T-VSe2 (2ML)/WSe2 are optically transparent in the visible ranges with large refractive indices of 3.2–3.4. Our results may suggest that the WSe2/1T-VSe2/WSe2 structure possesses multifunctional physical properties and these features can be utilized for spintronics and optoelectronics device applications such as magnetic sensors, memory devices, and transparent magneto-optic devices at room temperature.
Printed graphene and its composite with copper for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Gutierrez Daniel , Doshi Pranay , Wong Hiu Yung , Nordlund Dennis , Gandhiraman Ram P
Published: December 2023

Advances in mobile electronics and telecommunication systems along with 5G technologies have been escalating the electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem in recent years. Graphene-based material systems such as pristine graphene, graphene-polymer composites and other graphene-containing candidates have been shown to provide adequate EMI shielding performance. Besides achieving the needed shielding effectiveness (SE), the method of applying the candidate shielding material onto the object in need of protection is of enormous importance due to considerations of ease of application, reduced logistics and infrastructure, rapid prototyping and throughput, versatility to handle both rigid and flexible substrates and cost. Printing readily meets all these criteria and here we demonstrate plasma jet printing of thin films of graphene and its composite with copper to meet the EMI shielding needs. SE over 30 dB is achieved, which represents blocking over 99.9% of the incoming radiation. Graphene and its composite with copper yield higher green index compared to pure copper shields, implying reduced reflection of incoming electromagnetic waves to help reduce secondary pollution.
Enhancement of second-harmonic generation in a 64° stacked WSe2/WS2 heterobilayer with local strain
Authors: Chang Sehwan , Lee Hoo-Cheol , Na Gunwoo , Kim Ryeong Myeong , Moon Yoon-Jong , Kim Ha-Reem , Nam Ki Tae , Park Hong-Gyu
Published: December 2023

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are actively studied in various fields of optics and optoelectronics, including nonlinear optics of second-harmonic generation (SHG). By stacking two different TMD materials to form a heterobilyaer, unique optical properties emerge, with stronger SHG at a twist angle of 0° between TMDs and weaker SHG at a twist angle of 60°. In this work, we demonstrate the enhancement of SHG in a heterobilayer consisting of WSe2 and WS2 monolayers stacked at a twist angle of 64.1°, using a nanoparticle to induce local strain. The interatomic spacing of the heterobilayer is deformed by the nanoparticle, breaking the inversion symmetry, resulting in a substantial increase in the SHG of the heterobilayer at room temperature. The SHG increases depending on the polarization of the pump laser: 15-fold for linear polarization, 9-fold for right-circular polarization, and up to 100-fold for left-circular polarization. In addition, the SHG enhanced in the heterobilayer with local strain satisfies the same chiral selection rule as in the unstrained TMD region, demonstrating that the chiral selection rule of SHG is insensitive to local strain. Our findings will increase the applicability of TMD heterobilayers in nonlinear optoelectronics and valleytronics.
Mapping emission heterogeneity in layered halide perovskites using cathodoluminescence
Authors: Griesi Andrea , Faraji Mehrdad , Kusch Gunnar , Khabbazabkenar Sirous , Borreani Martina , Lauciello Simone , Schleusener Alexander , Oliver Rachel A , Krahne Roman , Divitini Giorgio
Published: December 2023

Recent advancements in the fabrication of layered halide perovskites and their subsequent modification for optoelectronic applications have ushered in a need for innovative characterisation techniques. In particular, heterostructures containing multiple phases and consequently featuring spatially defined optoelectronic properties are very challenging to study. Here, we adopt an approach centered on cathodoluminescence, complemented by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. Cathodoluminescence enables assessment of local emission variations by injecting charges with a nanometer-scale electron probe, which we use to investigate emission changes in three different systems: PEA2PbBr4, PEA2PbI4 and lateral heterostructures of the two, fabricated via halide substitution. We identify and map different emission bands that can be correlated with local chemical composition and geometry. One emission band is characteristic of bromine-based halide perovskite, while the other originates from iodine-based perovskite. The coexistence of these emissions bands in the halide-substituted sample confirms the formation of lateral heterostructures. To improve the signal quality of the acquired data, we employed multivariate analysis, specifically the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm, on both cathodoluminescence and compositional datasets. The resulting understanding of the halide replacement process and identification of potential synergies in the optical properties will lead to optimised architectures for optoelectronic applications.
CAM-QUS guided self-tuning modular CNNs with multi-loss functions for fully automated breast lesion classification in ultrasound images
Authors: Tasnim Jarin , Hasan Md Kamrul
Published: December 2023

Objective. Breast cancer is the major cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for classifying lesions in breast ultrasound images can help materialise the early detection of breast cancer and enhance survival chances. Approach. This paper presents a completely automated BUS diagnosis system with modular convolutional neural networks tuned with novel loss functions. The proposed network comprises a dynamic channel input enhancement network, an attention-guided InceptionV3-based feature extraction network, a classification network, and a parallel feature transformation network to map deep features into quantitative ultrasound (QUS) feature space. These networks function together to improve classification accuracy by increasing the separation of benign and malignant class-specific features and enriching them simultaneously. Unlike the categorical crossentropy (CCE) loss-based traditional approaches, our method uses two additional novel losses: class activation mapping (CAM)-based and QUS feature-based losses, to capacitate the overall network learn the extraction of clinically valued lesion shape and texture-related properties focusing primarily the lesion area for explainable AI (XAI). Main results. Experiments on four public, one private, and a combined breast ultrasound dataset are used to validate our strategy. The suggested technique obtains an accuracy of 97.28%, sensitivity of 93.87%, F1-score of 95.42% on dataset 1 (BUSI), and an accuracy of 91.50%, sensitivity of 89.38%, and F1-score of 89.31% on the combined dataset, consisting of 1494 images collected from hospitals in five demographic locations using four ultrasound systems of different manufacturers. These results outperform techniques reported in the literature by a considerable margin. Significance. The proposed CAD system provides diagnosis from the auto-focused lesion area of B-mode BUS images, avoiding the explicit requirement of any segmentation or region of interest extraction, and thus can be a handy tool for making accurate and reliable diagnoses even in unspecialized healthcare centers.
Variational principles for sub-additive unstable topological pressures on saturated subsets
Authors: Zhang Wenda , Li Zhiqiang , Ren Xiankun
Published: December 2023

In this paper, under the assumption of unstable almost product property for C
1-smooth partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms, we establish variational principles for their unstable Bowen topological pressures and unstable packing topological pressures on the typical saturated subsets G

K
, where K is a given non-empty compact connected set of invariant measures. Actually, we show that these two dimension-like topological quantities coincide with the infimum and supremum respectively of the summation of unstable metric entropy and Lyapunov exponent, where the infimum and supremum are taken over all measures inside K. Besides, we also show that G

K
has full unstable topological capacity pressure for reasonable sub-additive potentials.
Health risk analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in groundwater in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Juliani A , Rahmawati S , Bariroh A , Dalimunthe G A , Ardhayanti L I , Aprilia W P
Published: December 2023

Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) are persistent and bio-accumulative compounds that occur in petroleum-based products. Benzene is categorized as a carcinogenic substance while ethylbenzene is potentially carcinogenic. One of the sources of BTEX contamination in the environment is gas stations. The leakage of underground storage tanks (UST) of gas stations is a potential source of groundwater contamination, while in many areas, it is the main source of daily water consumption. The long-term consumption of this BTEX-contaminated groundwater may generate health risks. This paper will present the health risk analysis of the consumption of BTEX-contaminated groundwater taken from dug wells near a gas station in Yogyakarta City which has a history of major leakage. Analysis of BTEX in groundwater samples has been already presented in the previous study. Data for intake calculation was acquired through questionnaires and interviews on water consumption patterns. Risk analysis was conducted for both the carcinogenic effect of benzene and the non-carcinogenic effect for all BTEX compounds. Health risk analysis on BTEX exposure in groundwater resulted in the Hazard Quotient (HQ) value for all compounds which were still less than one, meanwhile, the Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) for benzene was less than 10-4. The result indicates the low health risk associated with the consumption of BTEX-contaminated groundwater in the study area.
Effect of various housing patterns on social cohesion
Authors: Rahmanita P , Wiranegara H W , Supriatna Y
Published: December 2023

Social cohesion in housing is an attribute of the quality of the community of its inhabitants. Housing planning needs to function to facilitate the social interaction of its inhabitants. This research aims to identify the effect of housing patterns on social cohesion in various housing patterns. Most existing housing patterns built are grid, linear, and T-shape patterns. It is necessary to know the effect of each pattern on social cohesion. The data collection technique used the questionnaire survey method. Two clusters were selected as samples such as the Lavender Lane 1 and Graha Sevilla in Citra Raya, Tangerang Regency. Those samples have linear, grid, and T-shape patterns. The total number of respondents from the three housing patterns is 121. The analysis technique used simple linear regression using Smart-PLS software. The results showed that the effect of housing patterns on social cohesion was evident in the linear and T-shape patterns, while it was not in the grid pattern. The housing pattern indicators affecting social cohesion are the total row of houses, building layout plans, and street patterns that need to be considered in cluster housing planning to build social cohesion.
Comprehensive assets-based approach for neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta (case study: Keagungan Sub-district in West Jakarta, Indonesia)
Authors: Ischak M , Sejati W , Kridarso E R , Rosnarti D , Purwaningsih L H
Published: December 2023

Neighborhoods that are under-resourced are one of the main problems that almost always accompany the growth of big cities, especially in developing countries, including Jakarta. This research aims to examine the application of the Comprehensive Assets-Based Approach (CABA) as an alternative solution to the problem of neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta. The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method by examining one of the structuring concepts as an alternative solution to settlement problems in Jakarta, which is directed at achieving liveable housing variables. Data on houses and settlements were obtained directly from Keagungan sub-districts, including neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta. The first step is to analyze settlement data to formulate the main problems in the neighborhoods that are under-resourced. The second step is to analyze the application of the CABA method to the problems that have been obtained before. The results of the research found that one of the primary root problems in the neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta is the interweaving of economic and social problems, which include lack of income, lack of knowledge and adherence to building regulations, as well as the lack of knowledge on the criteria for liveable housing. We, therefore, conclude that it is very likely to apply the CABA method for solving neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta based on community empowerment.
Quaternary Urban Geology and the Foundation of Heritage Building: Notable Historical Cases in Sawahlunto, Indonesia
Authors: Hadian Mohamad Sapari Dwi , Suganda Bombom Rachmat , Barkah Moch Nursiyam , Khadijah Ute Lies Siti , Yuliawati Ayu Krishna , Nuryana Suherman Dwi , Ekaputra Dewandra Bagus
Published: December 2023

Sawahlunto is a city located in West Sumatra, Indonesia, known as a city rich in coal mining activities and often referred to as the “City of Batubara.” The history of Sawahlunto coal mining dates back to the Dutch colonial era in the late 19th century when coal was discovered in the area. It has been designated as a national geopark area (KGN) in 2018 and then designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (WDU) in 2019. One of its prominent landmarks is the Ombilin Coal Mine, which. Sawahlunto also boasts other historical landmarks and preserved buildings. The study objectives are: to identify rock types, topographic features, and other phenomena, along with measurements of heritage buildings; to analyze the rock distribution for determining the origin of rocks for heritage buildings in urban development and to describe the heritage building; and to describe the development of heritage building in Sawahlunto The mixed method was incorporated, where geological mapping method was used to determine information on the distribution of rocks and material origin for urban development, heritage building foundation analysis and content analysis on heritage buildings. The study found the building materials are rocks from the result of erosion originating around the city of Sawahlunto are: Sedimentary rock facies in the Ombilin Basin. The heritage buildings used local materials as they were abundant during that time. Sawahlunto’s heritage buildings not only have historical and cultural heritage, but also contain urban geological heritage that should be further studied as part of urban development.
Transformation of land use and land cover and its implication to the local climate in Aceh Besar District, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Ramli I , Achmad A , Nizamuddin N , Izzaty A , Irzaidi I
Published: December 2023

Many researchers claim that human influence on local climate change is unavoidable. Global climate change can cause catastrophic damage (disturbing human health, ecosystems, and socio-economic aspects). Characteristics of areas that affect rainfall, such as topography, slope, and land use and cover (LULC). This study aimed to specify the relationship between LULC changes and the local climate context in Aceh Besar District. LULC changes are analyzed with a transformation matrix. The method used to determine the occurrence of climate change is the Mann-Kendall Test, which looks at whether there is a trend in a data series based on the relative rankings of the data spanning 1992-2020. The Mann-Kendall test analysis results show that climate variables that change significantly on rainy days are weather temperature, humidity, and wind speeds. The statistical test results show that there has been a change in the local climate, as indicated by the variables of The Sen’s Slope Estimator test results in an increase in temperature of 0.002°C every year, and humidity increases by 0.01%. When viewed from LULC, one of the influences is changing (2000-2020) from forest, cropland, and bareland to built-up areas.
The carbon footprint from ruminant livestock in the breeding-green farm in Jember
Authors: Salsabil N , Dhokhikah Y , Rohman A
Published: December 2023

Livestock, especially ruminants, potentially emit nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) gas through enteric fermentation activities from the eructation process and dung management (DM) activities. This study aims to determine the emissions gas of CH4 and N2O from livestock ruminants in the livestock breeding-green in Jember. The gas emission calculation method follows an international agreement initiated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006, with Layer-2 for CH4 and Layer-1 for N2O. The results showed that the amount of CH4 emission from enteric fermentation was 103,321 tons CO2-eq per year, higher than DM, which is 4,510 tons CO2-eq /year. The amount of indirect N2O emissions from DM is 0.0763 tons CO2-eq /year, higher than direct N2O emissions from DM, which is 0.0527 tons CO2-eq /year.
Analysis of the application of technology in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at two high schools in West Jakarta
Authors: Rattedatu I , Yulinawati H , Rahmiyati L
Published: December 2023

State Senior High School (SMAN) 96 is the first high school in Jakarta to be officially designated as a net-zero school with a Greenship Certificate by the Green Building Council Indonesia. In contrast, State Vocational High School (SMKN) 73 is not a net-zero school. The two schools are 100 m apart, located in Cengkareng District, West Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of CO2 emission reduction technology in the two schools. This study used a quantitative method. Because the school setting is in the urban area, it is not easy to find so-called indigenous technology. This study will look at the best available low carbon technologies implemented in both schools. The results show that SMAN 96 has electricity consumption and CO2 emissions lower than SMKN 73 because SMAN 96 already using the energy-efficient devices/appliances and minimizing the usage of AC and refrigerator which can increase the CO2 emissions. To reducing CO2 emissions, the two schools already implementing the use of solar panels. Furthermore, by using the solar panels it can save the electricity consumption and also solar panels produces emissions smaller than total electricity usage.
Community perceptions classification towards the development of transportation access at Darmo Corridor Surabaya using SVM and naive bayes methods
Authors: Hapsery A , Tribhuwaneswari A B
Published: December 2023

This research conducts Classification of Public Perceptions of Transportation Access Development in Darmo Corridor Surabaya using SVM and Naive Bayes methods. The increasing mobility demands necessitate adequate public transportation facilities, such as the Surabaya bus, which has been operational since 2018. The Darmo corridor has witnessed significant development in public transportation facilities and infrastructure, serving as a transit point between two Surabaya bus routes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate public perception towards the implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) concept in the corridor. In this study, a qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted on various aspects of TOD implementation, such as pedestrian paths, bicycle lanes, and green open spaces. Furthermore, public perception was analyzed using Naive Bayes Classifier and SVM methods by collecting data from Twitter accounts and giving weights based on the frequency of words in the tweets. From the analysis it could be concluded Naïve Bayes is not suitable for classification because it’s not stable enough, the SVM Methods matchs 95% proven when its repeated for 5 more time it. The results showed that the Darmo corridor successfully implemented the TOD concept well, with 90% of the community giving a positive response to the TOD implementation in the area. This finding indicates the success of TOD initiatives in improving transportation facilities and infrastructure in Darmo corridor.
Water security analysis in Merapi disaster-prone area with the AWDO 2020 method
Authors: Yulianto A , Wantoputri N I , Rahmawati S , Dasenta Y , Victorina I D
Published: December 2023

Water security is one of the crucial concepts in the supply chain of drinking water supply. This concept has become essential, especially since water security has been mainstreamed into drinking water supply activities in Indonesia through a Drinking Water Security Plan (RPAM). This study aims to apply the Asian Water Development Outlook 2020 (AWDO 2020) method as a quick assessment method related to the safety level of drinking water. The research was conducted at community-based water supply and sanitation (PAMSIMAS) locations in Pakem and Cangkringan Districts. The two sub-districts are in the disaster-prone area (KRB) III area of Merapi. In Pakem sub-district, locations studied were PAMSIMAS in Watuadeg and Pandanpuro villages. In Cangkringan sub-district, research was conducted in Dliring and Kalitengah Lor villages. Modifications were made by adding indicators to the Rural Household Water Security AWDO 2020. The initial indicators included water availability, sanitation access, health impact, and affordability. The added aspect is the impact of water resistance with the threat of a volcanic disaster. The scoring of the questionnaire results from a scale of 1-4 is analyzed from each aspect to get the total score determining the water resistance index. The total score obtained for the four locations is 16.03-17.42, which means they all are in the effective stage. There are also some deficiencies in applying the AWDO 2000 method, such as the scoring details and the possibility of scoring interpretation errors.
Review of water quality index models as river quality evaluation tool: insight from various rivers in Indonesia
Authors: Utami R , Imami A D , Azhar R , Azizah R N , Awfa D
Published: December 2023

As industrial activities grow and increase, it is directly proportional to the wastewater produced, which is disposed of into the river. One of the calculation models commonly used for evaluating surface water quality is the water quality index (WQI). The method produces uncertainty in the conversion and is site specific dependent. The data collected for the last five years used a comparative method to assess the status classification of those rivers’ quality. In addition, this study also aims to classify the river quality status and evaluate the WQI model in determining the impact of industrial activities on Sumatra Island and Kalimantan Island, the five longest rivers in Indonesia. This paper uses the WQI to review the water quality condition of Indonesia’s five longest rivers, i.e., Kapuas River, Mahakam River, Barito River, Batanghari River, and Musi River, where the community heavily uses these rivers for their daily needs. This review study concluded that the WQI of a river could vary depending on the measurement data used in calculating the WQI value. The data describing the WQI of a river is a momentary WQI or periodic WQI. The study is expected to be used as a basis for developing a sustainable water pollution control strategy to maintain the grade status of a river according to its classification.
Identification of microplastics in fish from the local fish market of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati S , Nuzula FF , Sulistyo EN , Hakim L
Published: December 2023

Marine pollution, mainly plastic waste, has become a worldwide problem, especially in Indonesia. Indonesia is the second contributing country after China, with 10% contribution of the source of plastic pollution in the world. In the ocean, plastic will fragment into smaller pieces (less than 5 mm), known as microplastics (MPs). MPs can harm wildlife, especially fish, due to their toxic characteristics or other toxic substances attached to them. Indonesia, especially coastal areas, is known for its high consumption of marine fish, so this study aims to investigate the microplastics in fish sold at lokal fish markets in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The fish sold came from the southern sea of Java (Indian ocean) around Depok Beach, Cemorosewu Beach, and Parangkusumo Beach. Three types of fish dominate namely Skipjack, Snapper, and Pomfret. The National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Wet Peroxide Oxidation (WPO) methods were used to examine fish samples. Identification of MPs was made based on shape and colour. The results showed that the most common MPs found were fibres with a total number of 36-91 particles/fish. The dominant colour of MPs is transparent, with a total of 552 particles from total samples. Although the analysis was only conducted in fish intestinal, there is potential that MPs will be found in fish meat. The chemical characteristics of MPs were determined using the Fourier Transport InfraRed (FTIR). The types of plastics found were Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), and Nylon.