bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-speed rail network and periodic timetable: a comparative analysis of operational concepts
Authors: Drábek Michal , Mazel Dominik , Pospíšil Jiří
Published: July 2021

This paper compares chosen European high-speed railway (HS) networks in terms of their offer of HS passenger service. The criteria chosen for comparison are network topology, degree of service periodicity and degree of coordination between subsequent services. Only services with HS trains are taken into account. As a result, each examined network is classified according to prevailing approach to passenger service – either Line/Service (LS) Approach, where transfer connections are in general not anticipated, or Network (N) approach, with regular (mostly periodic) public transport lines and periodic transfer connections between them.The comparative analysis has shown that geography had crucial impact not only on national (or regional) HS line network, but on the HS operational concept as well.On trunk HS lines, which connect most populated agglomerations in particular country, there is always – at least during peak times – some form of periodic service, despite compulsory seat reservation (except state-owned carriers in Austria and Germany).Half of analyzed networks can be characterized by N approach – at least on trunk HS lines or within central "core" part of HS network.For Czech HS network, authors recommend to define a core network with application of Integrated Periodic Timetable.
The assessment of priorities in the construction of new high-speed railway lines in Czech Republic by using the stem method
Authors: Purkart Pavel , Kruntorád Jan , Týfa Lukáš
Published: July 2021

The aim of the paper is to set priority of The Fast Connection sections ("Rychlá spojení" in Czech, abbreviation "RS") building mentioned above by using the STEM method. The method is used to select projects with the maximum benefit if the budget is limited. There has not been set a limit for individual RS sections as a limitation of financial costs. The decisive factor is the order in which individual RS sections should be built on the basis of evaluation criteria.
Maintaining the competitiveness of the czech railway industry
Authors: Vogl Jan , Jánešová Mária
Published: July 2021

The development of foreign trade plays an important role in the Czech economy. The important foreign trade commodity item is Machinery and transport equipment (SITC 7). Railway vehicles is a part of this category, other means of transport (SITC 79).In order to maintain competitiveness and economic growth, it is necessary for the railway industry to intensify the innovation and the introducing of new technologies into production. One of the available options is a wider implementation of life cycle cost analysis, which enables to activate innovative efforts, as well as to improve technical and performance data.
Comparative impact analysis of risk factors on the course and outcomes of pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Grigoryan O. R. , Mikheev R. K. , Kurinova A. N. , Chernova M. O. , Sazonova D. V. , Akhmatova R. R. , Ibragimova L. I. , Absatarova Yu. S. , Sheremetyeva E. V. , Degtyareva E. I. , Andreeva E. N.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the high probability of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes for the mother and the fetus, as well as a number of long-term consequences in GDM are a serious medical and social problem and require the need for its prevention by correcting risk factors, timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

AIM: Analysis of risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the relationship between GDM, the course and outcomes of pregnancy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 79 case histories of patients with confirmed GDM in the period from 2015 to 2017.

RESULTS: In the structure of risk factors for mother and fetus, age over 30 years (73.1%), burdened heredity for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (30.8%), mother’s pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (overweight / obesity (26.9%)) had the greatest impact. Among the complications of pregnancy, the most common was the caesarean section (47.4%). The incidence of other complications (macrosomia (9%), premature birth (7.7%), congenital malformations of the fetus (5.1%), preeclampsia (5.1%) was lower than the average frequency of these complications in GDM, described in the literature. Nevertheless, it is 1.5–2 times higher than the average population indicators. In the course of statistical analysis of the data it was revealed, that the higher the mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI, the lower the Apgar score for the first minute in the newborn.

CONCLUSION: Women with GDM require intensive monitoring of the course of pregnancy and timely hospitalization for planned delivery, and the provision of competent obstetric benefits.
Relación entre la cohesión grupal y la ansiedad competitiva en fútbol de iniciación
Authors: Pérez Cáceres Julia , Bohórquez Gómez-Millán M Rocío , Arias Velarde M Ángeles
Published: July 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal analizar la relación entre la cohesión grupal y la ansiedad competitiva en jugadores de fútbol de iniciación. La literatura ha demostrado que los factores de tarea de la cohesión grupal se relacionan de forma inversa con la ansiedad competitiva, aunque este aspecto no ha sido explorado en deporte infantil. En el estudio participaron 60 jugadores de fútbol pertenecientes a distintas categorías de un club deportivo y con una edad media de 12.32 años (DT = 1.73). Los resultados revelaron que aquellos jugadores que puntuaban alto en integración grupal en la tarea mostraban menos preocupación acerca de la competición, del mismo modo, jugadores con elevada atracción grupal hacia lo social mostraron menor preocupación sobre la competición. Se discuten estos resultados en relación con la literatura previa, encontrado diferencias con el funcionamiento de la relación cohesión-ansiedad en población de deportistas jóvenes y adultos profesionales y semiprofesionales.
Roll Motion Analysis on Unmanned Surface Vehicle with Remote Controlled Weapon Station Models to Combat Piracy in Surabaya West Access Channel
Authors: Habibah Natasya , Habib Kevin Rizqul , Claresta Gianiti , Siregar Hadi Mulki
Published: July 2021

The dense shipping activity in the Surabaya West Access Channel (SWAC) is accompanied by a high rate of piracy which had 13 cases during 2013–2018. An Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) with Remote Controlled Weapon Station (RCWS) was created to overcome this piracy, increase work effectiveness, and reduce potential casualties. This study aims to create a design of USV equipped with RCWS complies with the requirements then analyzes the stability and seakeeping (roll motion) because it is one of the most determining factors of the stability and safety of the ship. The research method in this study is a simulation process based on system engineering theory starting from the formulation of requirements, design making, and then simulation. Five design models are created and simulated to analyze their stability and seakeeping performance. The design results are a monohull USV equipped with an RCWS with the main dimension of 1.7 m long, 0.9 m wide, and 1.04 m high. The stability simulations conclude that Model 4 is the most stable platform with the highest peak value of GZ for 0.112 m in angle degree of 108.2°. The seakeeping simulations show that at wave heading 45°, model 3 has the highest RAO with the peak value of 4.703 at the frequency of 0.4 rad/s. At wave heading 90°, model 5 has the highest RAO with the peak value of 0.095 at the frequency of 0.4 rad/s. At wave heading 135°, model 1 has the highest RAO of 0.012 at the frequency of 0.581 rad/s.
The Strength and Fatigue Life analysis of Sedan Car Ramp of The Ferry Ro-Ro 5000 GT Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah , Nurcholik Samsu Dlukha , Suardi Suardi , Pawarah M U , Jumalia Jumalia
Published: July 2021

The Ferry Ro-Ro 5000GT has three levels of car deck that are connected by internal ramps. Two issues that have to be paid attention during the operation of the internal ramp there are the strength capacity and the design fatigue life of the internal ramp structure. The purpose of the research is to determine the strength and fatigue life of the internal ramp construction. The method used the Finite Element Method using a static load by load case of point load at top girder and between girders. Results of the research detected the maximum stress value is in the load case of the point load (three sedan car) at between of the girder is 52.143 MPa with the fatigue life is 44.47 years with the load cycle is 7300000 cycle while the minimum stress value detected at the load case of the point load (two sedan cars) at top girder is 34.199 MPa with the fatigue life is 195.92 years with the load cycle is 50000000 cycle. For the safety factor, ramp construction 6.08 ~ 10.38. The safety factor value above is still in safe condition because the value is SF > 1.
Fitossociologia e propriedades físicas da liteira em um ecossistema sucessional alterado pela agricultura itinerante na Amazônia oriental
Authors: Santos Junior Helio Brito dos , Araújo Elizane Alves Arraes , Rodrigues Julia Isabella de Matos , Martins Walmer Bruno Rocha , Rangel-Vasconcelos Livia Gabrig Turbay , Oliveira Francisco de Assis
Published: July 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades físicas da liteira e a fitossociologia de uma floresta sucessional, 12 anos após o término do experimento de manipulação de recursos naturais, submetida a três tratamentos: Controle (CTL); Remoção de liteira (REM) e Irrigação (IRR). Realizamos a caracterização fitossociológica da comunidade (CAP > 15 cm) e coletamos a liteira estocada no solo em dois períodos (chuvoso e menos chuvoso). As variáveis analisadas das propriedades físicas da liteira foram o estoque de liteira (Mg ha-1), densidade (g cm-3), espessura (cm) e a capacidade de retenção hídrica (%). As espécies Lacistema pubescens, Annona exsucca e Ocotea guianensis foram encontradas em todos os tratamentos. Os tratamentos CTL e IRR apresentaram as maiores densidades de indivíduos e similaridade. O índice de Shannon variou de 1,71 a 2,13, porém não diferiu entre os tratamentos. O tratamento REM apresentou os maiores valores médios de estoque no período chuvoso (8,66 ± 0,42 Mg ha-1), enquanto no período menos chuvoso, os tratamentos com manipulação de recursos foram superiores ao controle. A capacidade de retenção hídrica foi semelhante entre os tratamentos, todavia constatamos um lento processo de restauração ecológica, que pode ser justificado pela proximidade às áreas urbanizadas. Acreditamos que a remoção de liteira pode retardar o desenvolvimento de plantas menos tolerantes às condições edáficas desfavoráveis, porém pode estimular adaptações morfofisiológicas. Após 12 anos do fim dos tratamentos, verificamos que a manipulação de recursos influenciou na recuperação das propriedades físicas da liteira, porém promove poucos efeitos nas características fitossociológicas.
Influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained through catalytic cracking of crude palm oil
Authors: Mota Silvio Alex Pereira , Mancio Andréia Andrade , Santanna Jhuliana Silva , Gama Valtiane de Jesus Pantoja , Machado Nélio Teixeira
Published: July 2021

The present paper investigated the influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained by catalytic cracking of crude palm oil (CPO). The influence of the reaction time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) on the quality of crude biofuels denominated organic liquid products (OLP) was investigated through experiments carried out in a cracking pilot plant with capacity of 143 L in the following operating conditions: 20 wt% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as catalyst, 450 °C, 1 atm and batch mode operation. The quality of the biofuels produced was certified through physical-chemical analyzes (acid value, saponification value, specific gravity, refractive index, kinematic viscosity, corrosiveness to copper, and flash point). The results show that the physical-chemical properties of OLP decrease as the reaction time increases, in such a way that, catalytic cracking process occurs efficiently in the interval of 10 to 20 min after its start, which can be finalized when it reaches 30 minutes of reaction. In addition, Na2CO3 was essential as a catalyst in the cracking reaction to reduce the physical-chemical properties of OLPs obtained at different times, allowing the specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and corrosivity to copper to be within or very close to the limits established for Diesel S10.
Exploring lexical bundles in low proficiency level L2 learners’ English writing: an ETS corpus study
Authors: Li Mo , Zhang Xiaotian , Reynolds Barry Lee
Published: July 2021

The use of formulaic language in written discourse is an important indicator of language competence. Nonetheless, the features of lexical bundles used by lower proficiency English as a Foreign Language learners have received little attention. The present study addressed this gap by employing a corpus-based method to investigate the quantity, function, and quality of four-word lexical bundles produced by low proficiency L2 English writers with 11 different L1 backgrounds in response to a timed English writing assessment. The investigation was specifically anchored on the data extracted from 1,330 essays using Wordsmith 7.0. Results of the investigation showed (1) an over dependence on writing topic related bundles; (2) an Indo-European L1 language background positively influencing lexical bundle production; (3) an overuse of stance expressions and discourse organizers at the expense of referential expression usage; (4) L1 Japanese, Korean, and Telugu writers producing more accurate lexical bundles and L1 German writers producing fewer accurate lexical bundles; and (5) the frequent use of lexical bundles not leading to highly accurate and appropriate use of lexical bundles. The implications of these results were discussed in connection with foreign language education.
Effect of high pressure processing (HPP) on spore preparation of probiotic Bacillus coagulans LBSC [DSM 17654]
Authors: Bagkar Pratik , Gupta Anil Kumar , Maity Chiranjit
Published: July 2021

High pressure processing (HPP) has become a mainstream technology for modern age food processing. HPP conditions are detrimental to inherent microbial flora, including food pathogens. A probiotic intended for supplementation in a high-pressured processed food should therefore be stable to processing and subsequent storage conditions. The present study reports the viability of Bacillus coagulans LBSC [DSM 17654] spores at high hydrostatic pressures (HHP, 450 and 550 MPa) processing. B. coagulans LBSC spores were viable under both pressure condition at pH 2.60, 5.00, 7.00, and 8.25. Similar HPP conditions completely inactivated a reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The HPP treated B. coagulans LBSC spore preparation showed no reduction in the viability on room temperature storage for a duration of six months. Results demonstrated the resilience of probiotic B. coagulans LBSC spores under HPP treatment, suggesting its potential incorporation in a range of functional foods and beverages.
Glossing and incidental vocabulary learning in L2 reading: a cognitive load perspective
Authors: Ünal Burcu
Published: July 2021

Considering the relationship between reading and incidental vocabulary learning, in this study the effects of electronic glosses as well as working memory (WM) capacity on readers’ intake of new words were investigated. One hundred twenty users of English read an electronic text annotated with either lexical or topic-level glosses placed in either a pop-up window or a separate window. Upon reading, they took immediate and delayed form recognition and meaning recall tests as well as a subjective rating of cognitive load (CL). The results showed that lexical annotations led to a better performance on the unannounced immediate meaning recall test. In the pop-up window condition, high capacity readers were able to supply more definitions for the target words than low capacity readers on the delayed post-test. While no effects of WM, gloss type, or gloss location emerged for the reported CL, pop-up window annotations were the most frequently accessed ones.
Normal reference value of orthodromic and antidromic sensory nerve conduction velocity of median nerve with intact palmaris longus tendon in apparently healthy individuals
Authors: Chouhan Sunil , Singh Ruchi , Shrisvastava Ragini , Gupta Akriti , Naveen Ravi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine normative electrophysiological reference values of median sensory nerve conduction studies among security guards with the palmaris longus tendon (PLT).

Methods

Sensory nerve conduction studies of the median nerve using antidromic and orthodromic methods were conducted in the upper limbs of 101 healthy male security guards between the ages of 21 and 42 years. The presence of the PLT was recorded in both hands using a standard test. A scatter plot was used to determine the correlation between different parameters using the ortho and antidromic methods.

Results

The mean age (years), weight (kg), height (cm), and BMI (kg/m2) were 28.77 ± 5.14, 70.53 ± 11.28, 171.71 ± 7.12, and 23.91 ± 3.45, respectively. In the median nerve (sensory) by antidromic method, the mean distal latency (DL) was 2.65 ± 0.33 ms and 2.64 ± 0.37, SNCV (sensory nerve conduction velocity) was 53.45 ± 5.28 m/s and 53.84 ± 5.68 and the amplitude was 27.33 ± 12.38 µV and 29.41 ± 12.97 in the left- and right-hand wrist, respectively. By orthodromic method the DL was 2.54 ± 0.53 ms and 2.51 ± 0.44, SNCV was 55.93 ± 6.09 m/s and 55.93 ± 5.24 and the sensory nerve action potential amplitude was 12.00 ± 8.82 µV and 11.72 ± 6.24 in the left and right hand, respectively. Spearman correlations were used to determine the variables influenced by hand sidedness.

Conclusions

The normative reference parameters of sensory nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve were established by both methods using a standardized technique.
Construction of the transitivity system of Myanmar
Authors: Win Lai Yee
Published: July 2021

A number of studies on transitivity systems of languages have been conducted in the field of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Different linguists have described the transitivity systems of English, French, German, Japanese, Tagalog, Chinese, Vietnamese, Telugu, and Pitjantjatjara, adopting an upward approach which is not effective enough for discourse analysis. So far, there has been no description of the transitivity system of Myanmar in literature. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a clear description of the transitivity system of Myanmar that functions as one of the clause analysis methods from the experiential perspective. To construct a workable transitivity system of Myanmar, the present study follows He’s (forthcoming) (He, Wei. forthcoming. Categorization of experience of the world and construction of transitivity system of Chinese) new description of the Chinese transitivity system containing 32 types of processes that represent our experience of the world. Unlike previous studies, He (forthcoming) proposes autonomous and influential processes of action, mental, and relational clauses with no description of ergativity hypothesized by Halliday (1985) (Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood. 1985. An introduction to functional grammar. London: Arnold) and Matthiessen (1995) (Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. 1995. Lexicogrammatical cartography: English systems. Tokyo: International Language Sciences Publishers). This new model is more comprehensive and effective than previous ones because it adopts a downward approach which can smoothly be applied to discourse analysis. In this paper, the transitivity analysis of Myanmar clauses is performed in accordance with the theories put forward by He (forthcoming) and the semantic configurations of 32 processes in Myanmar transitivity system are illustrated with authentic examples. Findings show that the proposed transitivity system of Myanmar can analyze clauses effectively and it is compatible with the discourse analysis of Myanmar. These findings will make an important contribution to further study of the systemic functional grammar of Myanmar.
Taking It a Step Further: When do Followers Adopt Influencers’ Own Brands?
Authors: Magrizos Solon , Lamprinakos Grigorios , Fang Yanling , Drossos Dimitrios
Published: July 2021

In this study, we investigate the factors affecting consumers’ purchase intention toward influencers’ personal owned brands. By using the theoretical lens of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) we explore consumers’ purchase intentions towards influencers own brands and discuss the importance of previously held attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. We further develop TPB by adding two further constructs, that of price and self-identity. The reported moderator role of self-identity in the relationship between price and purchase intention under the context of influencers’ personal owned brands suggests that the ‘fan’ status of followers makes them more tolerant to price increases. We discuss theoretical implications and offer suggestions for marketers and consumers alike.
Povezanost površinske temperature more i površinske temperature zraka
Authors: Bonacci Ognjen , Roje-Bonacci Tanja , Bonacci Duje
Published: July 2021

Povezanost površinske temperature mora (PTM) i površinske temperature zraka (PTZ) izmjerene na malome otoku Hvaru (Jadransko more) ispituju se na godišnjim i mjesečnim vremenskim ljestvicama, koristeći se podacima za razdoblje od pedeset pet godina (1964. – 2018.). Analizirana su sljedeća tri indeksa PTM-a i PTZ-a: (1) apsolutni minimum, (2) srednja vrijednost, (3) apsolutni maksimum. Rezultati su istaknuli statistički značajan trend porasta za sva tri godišnja indeksa PTM-a. U slučaju PTZ-a trend niza apsolutnih minimalnih godišnjih vrijednosti nije statistički značajan. Za nizove srednjih i apsolutno maksimalnih godišnjih vrijednosti PTZ-a trend je statistički značajan na razini p < 0,01. Mjesečne analize indeksa PTM-a gotovo u svim mjesecima (osim u listopadu) imaju statistički značajne trendove povećanja. U slučaju PTZ-a, statistički značajan trend porasta svih analiziranih indeksa dogodio se preko ljeta (srpanj i kolovoz). Rezultati pokazuju da je analizirana regija, posebice mali jadranski otoci, ugrožena klimatskim promjenama, tj. globalnim zatopljenjem tijekom ljeta. Primjenom RAPS metode na minimalnom godišnjem PTM-u zabilježen je statistički značajni pomak 1988. godine. Deset godina poslije, 1998. godine, otkriven je statistički značajan pomak prema gore na srednjem i maksimalnom indeksu PTM-a i PTZ-a. U slučaju minimalnih godišnjih vrijednosti PTZ-a otkriven je statistički značajan pomak prema dolje, počevši od 1979. godine. U analiziranom slučaju otoka Hvara, zagrijavanje indeksa PTM-a veće je od zagrijavanje indeksa PTZ-a i događa se tijekom cijele godine (osim u listopadu).
Pristupi vrednovanja krajobraza
Authors: Bogovac Lara , Butula Sonja , Andlar Goran , Tomić Reljić Dora
Published: July 2021

Polazište za istraživanje ovoga rada je u širokom spektru metoda kojima se mogu vrednovati krajobrazne kvalitete. Svrha rada je utvrđivanje prednosti i nedostataka često korištenih pristupa za vrednovanje krajobraza. Na odabranom području istraživanja, otoku Rabu, radom je identificirano petnaest krajobraznih područja te su određena tri pristupa za vrednovanje kvaliteta krajobraza: 1. jedan temeljen isključivo na vrednovanju ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza, a dva na procjeni osjetljivosti krajobraza; 2. preklapanjem krajobraznih područja sa združenim modelom ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza i 3. izravnim vrednovanjem krajobraznih područja s prirodnog, kulturno-povijesnog i vizualno-doživljajnog aspekta. Navedeni pristupi međusobno su uspoređeni radi utvrđivanja sličnosti i razlika među njima, kao i ukazivanja na prednosti i nedostatke svakog od njih. Rezultati su pokazali da adekvatnost pristupa ovisi o odabiru homogene prostorne jedinice. Ispravni pristup odabiru kriterija vrednovanja može utjecati na objektivnost metode. Najviše kvalitete krajobraza utvrđene su na jednakim područjima neovisno o pristupu utvrđivanja navedenih kvaliteta.
Novi trendovi kamping turizma – glamping i obiteljski kampovi
Authors: Eremić Gordana
Published: July 2021

U radu se iznosi pregled novih trendova u kamping turizmu Hrvatske i svijeta, s naglaskom na glamping i obiteljske kampove. Nakon povijesnog pregleda razvoja kamping i glamping turizma slijedi pregled stanja u kamping turizmu Hrvatske. Analizom postojeće znanstvene i stručne literature iznosi se pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja kamping i glamping turizma te problemi s kojima se istraživači kamping turizma susreću. U završnom dijelu rada naglasak je na predviđanjima znanstvenika o kamping turizmu. U radu su primijenjene metoda analize i sinteze, statistička metoda te metoda kompilacije. Zbog zrelosti ponude kamping turizam na Mediteranu doživljava značajne promjene, poput pojave glampinga kao luksuznog i cjenovno skupljeg oblika. Hrvatski kamping turizam, unatoč značajnom udjelu kampova u ukupnoj strukturi smještajnih kapaciteta, bilježi manjak istraživanja i autora koji se bave trendovima kamping turizma te obiteljima, ali i slabu iskorištenost domicilnih turista. Istarska županija istodobno bilježi porast broja kampista kao i potražnje za glampingom.
Effects of Combined and General Anesthesia on Cognitive Functions for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Under CPB
Authors: Kasputytė Greta , Bukauskienė Rasa , Širvinskas Edmundas , Lenkutis Tadas , Vimantaitė Renata , Andrejaitienė Judita
Published: July 2021

Background: Patients may experience a variety of neurological complications after heart surgery. The most common complication observed in clinical practice is delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR). The role of the anesthesiologist is very important, as the risk of dNCR may be reduced, depending on the anesthesia tactic chosen. Although the possibility that neuropsychological complications are less common in patients undergoing combined anesthesia (general + epidural) than in patients undergoing general anesthesia is not yet confirmed, the results are being discussed. The aim of this study was to determine impact of combined anesthesia (general + epidural) on cognitive functions of patients after cardiac surgery.
Methods: The prospective, case-controlled study included 80 patients undergoing cardiac surgery from 2015 to 2017 at the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery in the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos. After approval from the local bioethics center, informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Inclusion criteria were age 51 to 80 years, elective cardiac surgery, left ventricular ejection fraction > 35%, anamnesis of not using agents affecting the central nervous system, absence of neuropathology, and sufficient renal function. Exclusion criteria were patients suffering from diseases causing cognitive function or using agents affecting the central nervous system, emergency or re-surgery, carotid artery atherosclerosis with artery diameter 50 or more percent reduction, and a patient’s disagreement.
MMSE test and 6-CIT test were used for a cognitive function assessment, Trail making test and WAIS Digital Symbol Substitution test were used for psychomotor function assessment. All tests were used a day before surgery and seven days after surgery.
According to the planned anesthesia, patients were assigned into two groups: 1 – combined general + epidural anesthesia and 2 – general anesthesia. Standardized protocol of anesthesia was followed for all patients. Preoperative patients and surgery factors, preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological test results were recorded.
Results: Eighty patients were enrolled in the study. Both groups did not differ in demographic, perioperative values, and baseline (preoperative) test results. Postoperative (7th day) WAIS (P = .042) and 6-item cognitive impairment (P = .016) test results were statistically different when comparing the GA and CA groups. Comparing preoperative and postoperative test results, there was a significant decline in the WAIS test score in the GA group (P = .013).
FROM CERTIFICATES TO PERFORMANCE: A PARADIGM SHIFT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH
Authors: Schwabe Ulrike , Braun Edith
Published: July 2021

Against the backdrop of recent social and technological developments, the relationship between the educational system and the employment system has also changed. The “lifelong learning” paradigm is now firmly established within the field of educational research. In this article, we argue that empirical researchers have shifted using certificates to capture educational attainment, focusing instead on competence and performance. We define “performance” as the ability to react adequately and flexibly to new situations within job-related contexts. This paper thus aims to describe the shifting research paradigm in the context of political agenda-setting and presents some examples from different disciplinary perspectives to illustrate the potential of interdisciplinary research. Interdisciplinary, collaborative research, we suggest, shows great potential for providing empirical evidence to measure the consequences—intended and unintended—of political reforms in higher education. Even though our arguments and implications are formulated from the perspective of the German education and science system, their essence can also be applied to other national contexts.
Technical possibilities of biogas production from olive and date waste in Jordan
Authors: Al-Addous Mohammad , Alnaief Mohammad , Class Christina , Nsair Abdullah , Kuchta Kerstin , Alkasrawi Malek
Published: July 2021

Using renewable energy sources provides a promising solution to minimize the overuse of conventional energy sources as well as to reduce pollution. Biogas technology is one solution that offers the conversion of waste streams to a renewable source of higher value. Anaerobic digestion of organic waste from industrial processes produces energy in the form of biogas, which has an advantage of preventing odor release, and has minimal pathogens. In this study, two different sources of bio-waste were investigated for their biogas potential, namely palm date waste and olive pomace. All of the samples produced biogas; however, the amount produced was only 20% to 40% of what conventional substrates typically produced. Producing biogas that uses only olive biomass offers a solution to the waste disposal problem, but it is not efficient for biogas production. For optimal heat utilization and maximizing biogas production, mixing of different feedstock was identified as a valid solution. Hence, a model of mixing other sources of bio-waste, such as chicken manure, can activate sludge and is proposed to boost the biogas production.
Liquefaction of cornstalk residue using 5-sulfosalicylic acid as the catalyst for the production of flexible polyurethane foams
Authors: Jin Yanqiao , Lai Chunmei , Kang Jiaqing , Lu Xianze , Liu Jin , Lü Qiu-Feng
Published: July 2021

Due to the huge demand for as well as the limited reserves of fossil resources, renewable biomass that can be converted into chemicals has become a global research focus. In this paper, cornstalk residue was liquefied using a mixture of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol (PEG400) and ethylene carbonate (EC) as the liquefaction reagent and 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) as the catalyst. The liquefaction product of the cornstalk residue (CRL) was used to replace petroleum polyols to prepare flexible polyurethane foams. The results showed that the optimum liquefaction conditions were as follows: PEG400/EC was 7.5:2.5 (w/w), the ratio of liquid/solid was 5:1 (w/w), the liquefaction temperature was 160 C, the mass of SSA was 4 g, and the liquefaction time was 60 min. The hydroxyl number and residue content of the CRL at optimal conditions were 315.7 mg KOH/g and 4.5%, respectively. The compressive strength and apparent density of the polyurethane foam, which was prepared by 90 wt% CRL, 10 wt% commercial polyether GE-220, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, were 205.6 kPa and 0.075 g/cm3, respectively.
Molecular dynamics simulation of bamboo heat treatment with cellulose based on molecular different weight fractions of water
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Liyue , Wu Mingshuai , Li Xing , Song Wenlong
Published: July 2021

Eight groups of cellulose amorphous region models in which the mass fraction of water was separately 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, and 7% were established using a molecular dynamics software material studio. The PCFF force field was selected to simulate the molecular dynamics of the model under the constant-pressure and constant-temperature (NPT) ensemble. The simulated temperature was set to 433.15 K. The experiment showed that the hydrogen bonds between cellulose chains affected the structure of cellulose, which led to the change of the end-to-end distance of the cellulose chain and the overall size of a cell. The diffusion degree of water molecules was closely related to the number of hydrogen bonds between cellulose and water. In the process of heat treatment of bamboo, the present simulation results suggest that the structure of bamboo may be damaged when the mass fraction of water vapor reaches or exceeds 7%.
Characterization of particleboard made from oil heat-treated rubberwood particles at different mixing ratios
Authors: Osman Nurul Fatiha , Bawon Paimon , Lee Seng Hua , Zaki Pakhriazad Hassan , Osman Al-Eldrus Syeed SaifulAzry , Abdul Halip Juliana , Mohd Atkhar Muhamad Suriadi
Published: July 2021

Particleboard was produced by mixing oil heat-treated rubberwood particles at different ratios, with the goal of achieving high dimensional stability. Rubberwood particles were soaked in palm oil for 2 h and heat treated at 200 °C for 2 h. The treated particles were soaked in boiling water for 30 min to remove oil and were tested for chemical alteration and thermal characterization via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Particleboard was fabricated by mixing treated rubberwood particles (30%, 50%, and 70%) with untreated particles (70%, 50%, and 30%, respective to previous percentages) and bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. The results revealed that oil-heat treated particles had greater thermal stability than the untreated particles. The addition of oil heat treated particles improved the physical properties of the particleboard with no significant reduction in mechanical strength. However, this was only valid for ratios of 70% untreated to 30% treated and 50% untreated to 50% treated. When a ratio of 70% oil heat treated particles was used, both the physical and mechanical properties were reduced drastically, due to bonding interference caused by excessive oil content. Particleboard made with a ratio of 5:5 (treated to untreated) exhibited the best physical and mechanical properties.
Development of cellulose-based toys with moulded fibre production method
Authors: Sarıkaya Engin , Demirel Hakan
Published: July 2021

In this work, a toy was developed from bleached sulphate pulp via a moulded fibre production technique. Moulded fibre products are generally used to preserve main products from damage during transportation and stow them in a particular order. This work investigated the use of moulded fibre products in daily life as final products. Bleached softwood sulphate pulp was used for the experiments to avoid the potential hygiene problems of using recycled paper for toy production. The physical properties of different degrees of refined sulphate pulp were evaluated during toy sample production. The results indicated that toys produced with bleached softwood sulphate pulp had optimum compression strength (22 kpgf) at the 35 SR° freeness level. Produced prototypes satisfied EN 71-3:2013+A1(2014) in terms of migration element limits.
Dislocation mechanisms and strengthening methods in metal crystals
Authors:   I.M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine, Tkachenko V.G.
Published: July 2021

The world advances in the fields of strength physics, physical metallurgy, and materials science are analyzed and summarized with the primary objective of exploring the potential of different dislocation strengthening mechanisms in rare earth and superlight metals, their ordered alloys, cluster-assembled nanophase, and rapid-hardening materials. Besides, the monograph aims to provide a vehicle for exchange and dissemination of basic ideas in the fields. The volume is intended for scientists, engineering, and technical workers specializing in solid state physics and physical metallurgy as well as for educational use by students and postgraduates of relevant specialties.
The preimaginal stages and bionomics of Scythris sinensis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875) (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae), a Borer in Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae)
Authors: Takács Attila , Szabóky Csaba , Tóth Balázs
Published: July 2021

The bionomics and distribution of Scythris sinensis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875) were studied in Hungary from 2004 to 2018. The host plant was found to be Chenopodium album L. The larva feeds on the leaves in a loose web. The length of the larval stage varies from 12 to 15 days, that of the pupal stage from 7 to 10 days of the summer generation. The species is generally bivoltine in Hungary, but in the southern, warmer areas a third partial generation may occur. Adults of the second and third generations have characteristic yellow patches on the forewing. The species overwinters as pupa in a white cocoon near the host plant. The immature stages and the adult are illustrated and a map of the Hungarian records is given with two Figures.
Influence of antiferroelectric-like behavior on tuning properties of ferroelectric HZO-based varactors
Authors: Abdulazhanov Sukhrob , Lederer Maximilian , Lehninger David , Ali Tarek , Emara Jennifer , Olivo Ricardo , Kämpfe Thomas
Published: July 2021

In this article, we investigate the capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of $$\text {Hf}_{x}\text {Zr}_{1-x}\text {O}_{2}$$

Hf
x

Zr

1
-
x

O
2

metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) thin-film capacitors with various Zr doping for varactor applications. The impact of field cycling during the wake-up process on the capacitance was analyzed. In addition, the effect of antiferroelectric-like (AFE) behavior on tuning was investigated. The transition between ferroelectric (FE) and AFE regime is particularly interesting for varactor application, as a reduced bias is required for tuning. The cycle dependence of the FE and AFE properties at elevated temperatures was also investigated, where it was shown that with an increase of temperature, the tunability is reduced. Temperature measurements also comply with recent studies of ferroelastic nature of AFE behavior.

Graphic abstract
Saint Ashley
Authors: de Bres Julia , Dawson Shelley
Published: July 2021

During Covid-19 lockdown in New Zealand from March to June 2020, gendered discourses appeared in artistic and commercial products featuring Ashley Bloomfield, New Zealand’s Director General of Health and ‘hero of quarantine’. Using an analytical framework combining Foucauldian discourse analysis with critical multimodality, we explore how Ashley is shaped into existence through discourses portraying him as a superhero, love interest/sex symbol, national treasure, saviour, saint and authority figure. These emergent discourses ride on the wave of longstanding dominant discourses relating to gender and sexuality, alongside nation, class and ethnicity. While dominant discourses may provide reassurance when established realities are under threat, they simultaneously cause harm by reproducing unequal power relations between social groups. We contend that, even in periods of crisis, we should consider what broader messages we are sending when we latch onto the latest discursive trend.
Gender and the Third Wave of variation study
Authors: Eckert Penelope
Published: July 2021

In the past thirty years, the study of sociolinguistic variation has moved its focus ‘inside’ the speaker – from macrosocial categories to local categories, to the personae that inhabit categories and to the stylistic practice in which personae entangle themselves in the social landscape. This latter stage has commonly been called the Third Wave and is indeed inspired by third wave feminism, as the focus has turned from the gender binary to the range of gendered personae. This article traces my participation in these developments, beginning with the Berkeley Women and Language Group conferences and unfolding in a student-run seminar at Stanford.
Talk labour and doing ‘being neoliberal mother’
Authors: Ochs Elinor , Kremer-Sadlik Tamar
Published: July 2021

This essay considers the gendered work of childrearing through Harvey Sacks’ (1992) concept of doing ‘being ordinary’. While doing ‘being ordinary’ under-girds social order, what constitutes ‘ordinary’ changes over time. Neoliberalism ushered in middle-class childrearing ideologies that encourage parents to share ever more intensive responsibilities; yet, mothers ordinarily continue to assume the lion’s portion. Central to the intensive parenting practices primarily carried out by mothers is what we call ‘talk labour’, wherein dialoguing with children as conversational partners, beginning in infancy, is constant. The ubiquity of talk makes ordinary for young children a communicative style of heightened reflexivity about their own and others’ actions, ideas and sentiments – skills conducive to becoming a successful actor in the knowledge economy. This essay ties intensification of child-directed talk, critical to ‘doing being neoliberal mother’, to social transformations in family life rooted in modernity and the Industrial Revolution.
Counterlanguage powermoves in African American women’s language practice
Authors: Morgan Marcyliena H
Published: July 2021

This essay considers some of the insight we have gathered about language, feminism, racism and power. In many respects, it celebrates the linguistic power of the many theories about how Black women navigate intersectionality where racism and sexism intermingle, suggesting that our analyses should always recognise that a lethal combination of factors are in play. Black women, in particular, actively insist on forms of language and discourse that both represent and create their world through words, expressions and verbal routines that are created within and outside of the African American speech community to confront injustice. One example involves the verb ‘play,’ which I argue often functions as a power statement or ‘powermove’ that demands respect while presenting a threat to the status quo. This use of ‘play’ is the opposite of inconsequential games of play or joking.
The Importance and Consolidation of Family Businesses in the Contemporary Economy
Authors: Thier Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

Objective: The aim of the research is: to present the ways of defining family businesses and their evaluation in terms of practical utility, to assess the importance of family businesses and indicate local differences related to economic, cultural and moral factors, to analyse the tendency to group family businesses into economic and legal entities, and to present selected institutions established for scientific and legal support for family businesses, to analyse selected issues related to the functioning of family businesses, such as succession mechanism, its longevity and sustainability, tracking the current trends in changing the role of family businesses in the global economy.Research Design & Methods: An extensive range of scientific literature on the issues of family businesses was analysed. Particular attention was paid to the ways of defining family businesses, assessing their role in the economy, mechanisms of their transformation over time, and their tendency to associate into larger economic and legal entities. Over 90 publications were analysed, about half of which are foreign-language texts, including western ones as well as texts representing the assessments of research from such countries as the UAE and India.Findings: Some of the most comprehensive and useful definitions of family businesses are listed, while the need to formally include large enterprises and corporations in the category of family enterprises is indicated. The important role of family businesses in the creation of Gross Domestic Product is underlined. The tendency of family businesses to organise themselves into larger legal and economic entities is indicated. The most important Polish institutions which deal with the issues of family businesses are listed. The impact of succession mechanisms and intergenerational transformation of a family businesses are shown. The average period of its existence in Poland and in the world is estimated. The main factors influencing the longevity of family enterprises are identified. The reasons for the gradual disappearance of “family features” in family businesses (e.g. transformation into a joint-stock company or creation of a conglomerate holding) are indicated. The validity of further research is justified.Implications / Recommendations: Little is known about the Polish, European and world rankings of the oldest family enterprises described in the article. Such research is worth continuing.Contribution: Including large family companies in the research, the paper searches for the reasons behind the declining family character of family businesses. These include the transformation of a family business into a listed joint-stock company or the establishment of a holding – in particular a conglomerate, as well as family problems.
Zastosowanie wykresu yamazumi w analizie wartości dodanej procesu pracy
Authors: Wacławik Łukasz
Published: July 2021

Objective: The article examines one type of Yamazumi chart in the process refining. This chart (or diagramme) is a modified version of the traditional chart, built with an ABC analysis taken into account. The subject of the research was a simple work process.Research Design & Methods: The author analysed the literature and characterises the Yamazumi chart. After presenting a typology of the Yamazumi charts, the author proposes a modification and its application in the analysis of the process.Findings: The Yamazumi chart is a fascinating tool for process improvement. Combining it with the analysis of added value and the use of the approach characteristic of the ABC method allows for a fairly innovative approach to improving work processes. The novelty of the Yamazumi chart is that it breaks away from process chronology, focusing instead on run times and the importance of added value.Implications / Recommendations: Without a doubt, the Yamazumi chart in its modified version can be used in the analysis of work processes. Its primary advantage is its detachment from a process’ chronology, while focusing on runtime and the importance of added value.Contribution: The Yamazumi chart allows the traditional approach to process analysis (from the beginning or the end) to be replaced by a system without the chronology, and thus it enables one to see the process in a different way than the widely accepted view.