bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Роль національної поліції України у забезпеченні протидії кібербулінгу серед учнів загальноосвітніх шкіл
Authors: Павлиш Тетяна , Хоміч Єгор
Published: March 2021

Анотація. Швидкий процес інформатизації суспільства робить інформацію, інформаційні, комп’ютерні, мультимедійні технології ключовим об’єктом у житті людини. На сьогодні майже кожна людина не може уявити своє життя без смартфону, комп’ютеру та будь-яких інших гаджетів, що забезпечують вихід в мережу Інтернет. Суспільні відносини, які виникають у віртуальному середовищі, можуть мати різко негативний, суспільно небезпечний характер, що зумовлює необхідність реагування правоохоронних органів. В статті наголошено на тому, що спілкування у соціальних мережах серед молоді є глобальною проблемою педагогів, психологів, правоохоронців, яка охоплює широке коло негативних дій – від знущань, залякувань, цькувань  у кіберпросторі (кібербулінгу) до більш небезпечних наслідків (самогубства тощо). Акцентовано увагу на явищі кібербулінгу та протидію органами  Національної поліції цьому серед учнів загальноосвітніх шкіл. Проаналізовано дослідження науковців з окресленої проблеми. Здійснено аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій, щодо вирішення цієї проблеми. Викладено авторську інтерпретацію поняття «кібербулінг», як психологічний вплив однієї особистості на свідомість іншої в інформаційному просторі (умисний, систематичний, спрямований проти особистості, всупереч його волі), який вчиняється з використанням інформаційно-комунікаційних засобів і виражаються у формі передавання невизначеному колу інших осіб повідомлень, фото-, відеоматеріалів, відеозаписів з метою зганьбити, принизити, залякати, образити, зацькувати її. Визначено типи кібербулінгу.  Наведено заходи профілактики явища кібербулінгу серед учнів.

Ключові слова: булінг, кібербулінг, флеймінг, харасмент, обмовлення, зведення наклепів, самозванство, ошуканство, видурювання конфіденційної інформації, відчудження (остракізм, ізоляція), кіберпереслідування, хепісліппінг.
Анализ и пути разрешения противоречий мотивации персонала компаний с рабочей акционерной собственностью
Authors: Юхнов Борис , Корсаков Дмитро
Published: March 2021

Анотація. Одним з пріоритетних напрямків розвитку економіки на мікрорівні в багатьох країнах світу в останні десятиріччя стали процеси демократизації власності і управління. Наділення найманих працівників власністю, залучення їх до управління власною компанією дозволило не тільки досягти економічних успіхів, але і знизити соціальну напруженість в суспільстві. Разом з тим, компанії з робочою акціонерної власністю зіткнулися з низкою проблем, які пов'язані з диференціацією доходів персоналу, обмеженістю фінансових можливостей для розвитку та ін., що призвело до уповільнення зростання числа таких компаній в світі і навіть до їхнього незначного скорочення. Причиною цього стали суперечності, що виникли в процесі функціонування компаній з робочою акціонерної власністю. До цих суперечностей відносяться: суперечність між розподілом за працею і розподілом за вартістю (капіталом), суперечність між короткостроковими інтересами співробітника компанії як працівника і його довгостроковими інтересами як співвласника, суперечність між ефективністю господарської діяльності та економічною рівністю, що викликає істотну диференціацію в доходах персоналу. Аналіз їх, а також знаходження шляхів вирішення суперечностей, що виникають, і стало предметом даного дослідження.

Цілями статті є узагальнення світового досвіду децентралізації власності і управління, а також вирішення суперечностей, що виникають, в розподілі доходів для їхнього використання при управлінні ризиками, які пов'язані з процесами мотивації персоналу. Для досягнення цих цілей пропонуються конкретні рекомендації щодо їхнього застосування в акціонерних компаніях України.

Подане дослідження дозволяє зробити висновок про те, що, незважаючи на певні труднощі, компанії з робочою акціонерною власністю успішно функціонують у багатьох країнах світу, демонструючи вищі результати щодо прибутковості, продуктивності праці та інших показниках в порівнянні з традиційними компаніями. Їх подальший розвиток залежить від багатьох факторів, в тому числі внутрішніх, до яких і відноситься вирішення суперечностей, що виникають в процесі діяльності компаній з робочою акціонерною власністю.

Ключові слова: мотивація персоналу, компанії з робочою акціонерною власністю, короткострокові і довгострокові інтереси, розподіл доходів.
Ґенеза розвитку лідерства в управлінні економічними інтересами підприємства
Authors: Ареф'єв Сергій
Published: March 2021

Анотація. Визначено та обґрунтовано, що лідерська компетентність це сукупність його знань, вмінь професійної підготовленості і певні особистісні якості, здатності комунікувати із носіями інших стилів при прийнятті рішень, спрямованих на зміни в стратегіях на означених сегментах ринку, інноваційної модернізації, цифрових платформ. Зазначено, що лідерські якості при поєднанні з управлінськими здібностями дозволяють реалізовувати як власні компетенції, так і органічно задовольняти виявлені економічні інтереси підприємства, забезпечуючи ритмічне і безперервне функціонування, реалізовувати цілі. Виділено характеристики лідера і керівника у певному порівнянні і гуртуючись на функціонуванні підприємства в офіціальних і неофіціальних площинах, тому місце і роль керівника і лідера можуть значно відрізнятись відповідно до ступеня відповідальності за прийняття тих чи інших рішень, які можуть бути орієнтиром при розробці моделі ефективного лідерства. Акцентовано увагу на зміцненні особистісних характеристик лідера при реалізації функції новатора та впровадженні соціально-відповідальної поведінки.

Досліджуючи реалізацію якостей лідера в управлінні економічними інтересами підприємства, доведено, що специфічність економічних інтересів підприємства полягає в їхньому перетинанні, посиленні відповідно до носія, його відношення до процесу діяльності, тобто внутрішнього або зовнішнього середовища, агрегування за рівнями, а також із основними рисами ефективного лідера. Доведено, що специфічність економічних інтересів підприємства полягає в їхньому перетинанні, посиленні відповідно до носія, його відношення до процесу діяльності, тобто внутрішнє або зовнішнє середовище, агрегування за рівнями, а також із основними рисами ефективного лідера задля нівелювання небезпек. Обґрунтована доцільність інституалізації лідерства і економічних інтересів зацікавлених сторін із застосуванням їх якісного діагностування і моніторингу.

Ключові слова: лідерство, керівник, управління, економічні інтереси, підприємство, розвиток, адаптація, методи керівництва.
Еко-маркетинг і його організаційно-інноваційний розвиток у харчовій індустрії
Authors: Мних Ольга , Камілевська Ольга
Published: March 2021

Анотація. Визначено та обґрунтовано якісне функціональне навантаження еко-маркетингу підприємств харчової індустрії з врахуванням сучасних викликів щодо екологічної чистоти довкілля, погіршення якості життя суспільства та обмежених ресурсних можливостей економічних агентів. Розглянуто змістовну характеристику еко-маркетингу у науковій літературі. Виявлено практичні підходи урядових і корпоративних структур щодо рефлексивного маркетингу, а також тренди щодо трансформації класичного маркетингу в еколого-соціо-орієнтований, проведено аналіз зростаючої цінності трансферу еко-технологій та інновацій для зменшення відходів виробництва і логістики у харчовій індустрії. Дано узагальнений аналіз закордонної і вітчизняної практики впровадження концепції екологічного маркетингу і визначено бар’єри та обмеження на шляху її реалізації. Розроблено концептуальну схему еко-маркетингу, як нового стратегічного мислення менеджменту. Акцентовано увагу на зміцнення власного потенціалу еко-маркетингу у діяльності кожного ринкового суб’єкта у ланцюгу створення суспільної цінності і використання сучасних біотехнологій та цифрових технологій у виробництві та в управлінні факторами впливу на поведінку екологічно свідомих споживачів. Запропоновано схематичну модель взаємозв’язків у системі інформаційного забезпечення еко-маркетингу у харчовій індустрії у відповідному інституційному середовищі, проведено обґрунтування економічної і маркетингової стратегії партнерства. Презентовано отримані результати кластерного і регресійного аналізу на прикладі підприємств молочної індустрії. Доведено, що еко-маркетинг повинен відігравати двояку роль у суспільстві: примножувати суспільні цінності новостворюваного продукту та зменшувати тиск на навколишнє середовище, що відкриває нові горизонти для ділової інтелектуальної та довготривалої співпраці.

Ключові слова: інновації, еко-маркетинг, еко-технологія, партнерство, інституційне середовище, екологічний аудит, харчова індустрія, трансфер еко-технології, кластерне утворення, сталий розвиток.
Фрактальні властивості управлінської ефективності як підґрунтя прогнозування комбінованих стратегічних сценаріїв розвитку машинобудівних підприємств на основі процесів диверсифікації та інтеграції
Authors: Прохорова Вікторія , Залуцька Христина
Published: March 2021

Анотація. Для вибору найдоцільнішого методу прогнозування рівня розвитку підприємства залежно зміни умов його функціонування варто здійснити фрактальний аналіз, який дозволить визначити характер і причини зміни часового ряду результативності підприємства, що сприятиме підвищенню управлінської ефективності за рахунок прийнятих управлінських рішень адекватним сучасним умовам розвитку.

Метою статті є визначення фрактальних властивостей управлінської ефективності як підґрунтя прогнозування комбінованих стратегічних сценаріїв розвитку машинобудівних підприємств на основі процесів диверсифікації та інтеграції.

У роботі зроблено фрактальний аналіз рівня раціоналізації бізнес-процесів підприємства-репрезентанта (коефіцієнта синхронності) як основи забезпечення результативності показника його управлінської ефективності протягом 2009–2018 рр. Для аналізу таких часових рядів було використано метод Гарольда Едвіна Херста (R/S-аналіз). Метод Херста дозволяє проаналізувавши часові ряди, розрізнити випадкові та фрактальні часові ряди, а також зробити висновки щодо наявності неперіодичних циклів, довготривалої пам’яті та ін. Фрактальний аналіз коефіцієнта синхронності підприємства-репрезентанта, яке належить до кластера з високим рівнем розвитку, дав змогу визначити, що досліджуваний ряд є персистентним і, відповідно, подальшою тенденцією зміни цього показника буде зростання. Для зменшення значення коефіцієнта синхронності, яке свідчить про зростання незбалансованості наявних на підприємстві бізнес-процесів, що призводить до втрати можливості нарощення додаткового ефекту, необхідного для стратегічного розвитку підприємства в сучасних умовах функціонування, запропоновано управлінські рішення щодо використання диверсифікаційно-інтеграційного напрямку розвитку. Проведені розрахунки доцільності застосування обраного напрямку розвитку для зниження коефіцієнта синхронності підтвердили ефективність управлінських рішень.

Ключові слова: фрактальний аналіз; управлінська ефективність; диверсифікаційно-інтеграційний розвиток; коефіцієнт синхронності; прогнозування; машинобудівне підприємство.
KOLORTA NURSING ATTITUDE SCALE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY
Authors: KANBAY Yalçin , IŞIK Elif , ASLAN Özgür , TEKTAŞ Pınar , AKÇAM Aysun
Published: March 2021

In this study, for the purpose of determining the attitudes of nurses and nursing undergraduate students towards the nursing profession, the validity and reliability study was tried to be performed for the "Kolorta Nursing Attitude Scale." In the study, the experiment form consisting of 45 expressions was applied to a sample of 1034 participants, of which 76.3% were female, 43.4% were nurses, and 56.6% were nursing students. The scale validity and reliability study consisted of the steps of examination of the theoretical structure, obtainment of the work permit, the stage of item writing, the language and psychometric controls, the pilot application for the item selection, obtainment of an expert opinion, creation of the experiment form and its application to the sample, validity and reliability, and finalization of the scale. The validity of the scale was determined by examining the structural validity and internal validity of the scale. Factor analysis was used to determine the structural validity, and 27% subgroup and supergroup comparison was used to determine the internal validity. In order to test the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and test-retest consistency were calculated. The developed “Kolorta nursing attitude scale” consists of 3 sub-dimensions and 23 items, and it can explain 61.6 of the total variance for nursing attitudes. The total score of the scale ranges from 23 to 115, and the increase in score means a positive attitude towards nursing. The general Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as .90, which indicates high reliability. According to the results, it is observed that the “Kolorta nursing attitude scale,” of which validity and reliability study was performed for the purpose of measuring attitudes towards nursing, can perform measurements in a valid and reliable way.
THE EFFECTS OF A STRUCTURED TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF JUDICIAL CASES BY NURSES
Authors: TOSUN GÜLEROĞLU Funda , AYDIN AKBUGA Gökçen , EFE ARSLAN Dilek , CERİT Esin , BAHÇELİ Aybike
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma yapılandırılmış eğitim programının hemşirelerin adli vakayı tanılama ve değerlendirmesine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, ön test, son test ve izlem testi tasarımlı bir müdahale çalışmasıdır. Araştırmanın evrenini, bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan 130 hemşire oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem hesabı yapılmamış çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden tüm hemşireler çalışma kapsamına alınmış ve çalışma 42 hemşire ile tamamlanmıştır. Ön test eğitimden bir hafta önce, son test eğitimden hemen sonra yapılmış ve izlem eğitimden bir ay sonra yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Hemşirelerin ortalama yaşının 30.11 ± 4.87; %69'unun evli ve %59,5'inin lisans mezunu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ortalama çalışma süresinin 7,54 ± 4,36 yıl olduğu saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin Adli Vaka Tanılama ve Değerlendirme Bilgi Formu ortalama puanları karşılaştırıldığında, ortalama puan ön testte 4.57 ± 1.98, son testte 11.73 ± 4.09 ve bir ay sonra yapılan takipte 9.88 ± 3.40 olarak bulunmuştur. Ön teste göre hemşirelerin son test ve takip puanlarında ortalamada anlamlı bir artış olduğu belirlenmiştir (p
NURSING INTERVENTIONS IN MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19-RELATED DELIRIUM IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: KAPLAN SERİN Emine , BÜLBÜLOĞLU Semra
Published: March 2021

Development of delirium is highly probable in Covid-19 patients and its management is much more difficult than in other diseases. Nurses have important roles in delirium management that may develop in covid-19 patients. The aim of this paper was to review the literature regarding non-pharmacological interventions in intensive care units (ICUs) to prevent the delirium in Covid-19 patients. A literture review was used. The terms used in the literature search were ‘intensive care’ or ‘critical care’ including their abbreviations, as well as ‘delirium,’ ‘intervention,’ ‘approach,’ ‘nursing’ or ‘non-pharmacologic’ or ‘treat’ or ‘management’ or ‘prevention’ and ‘Covid-19’ with Turkish and English words. Literature was scanned using keywords based on the Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) and Embase Tree (EMTREE) from the databases of Cochrane, CINAHL, PsyInfo, PubMed, and EMBASE.A total of 63 studies were included in the review. In this paper, it was found that non-pharmacological interventions had an important place in delirium management; however, the transmission way of Covid-19 via droplets prevents many non-pharmacological attempts. First and fore-most among these interventions is the termination of the sedating drug, preventing isolation, ensuring that the patient spends time with visitors, and weaning from mechanical ventilation. Covid-19 patients, latest technology can be used for help prevent social isolation. Based on the findings of this literature review, we recommend a patient-centered approach in the management of delirium in Covid-19 patients and a revision of current strategies in accordance with the profiles of the patient and the disease. To raise awareness in interventions for delirium syndrome that may cause in covid 19 disease for nurses.
Rescuing Lethal Phenotypes Induced by Disruption of Genes in Mice: a Review of Novel Strategies
Authors: LIPTÁK N , GÁL Z , BIRÓ B , HIRIPI L , HOFFMANN O
Published: March 2021

Approximately 35 % of the mouse genes are indispensable for life, thus, global knock-out (KO) of those genes may result in embryonic or early postnatal lethality due to developmental abnormalities. Several KO mouse lines are valuable human disease models, but viable homozygous mutant mice are frequently required to mirror most symptoms of a human disease. The site-specific gene editing systems, the transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeat-associated Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) made the generation of KO mice more efficient than before, but the homozygous lethality is still an undesired side-effect in case of many genes. The literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases until June 30th, 2020. The following terms were combined to find relevant studies: “lethality”, “mice”, “knock-out”, “deficient”, “embryonic”, “perinatal”, “rescue”. Additional manual search was also performed to find the related human diseases in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database and to check the citations of the selected studies for rescuing methods. In this review, the possible solutions for rescuing human disease-relevant homozygous KO mice lethal phenotypes were summarized.
André Bazin's Eternal Returns: An Ontological Revision
Authors: Fort Jeff
Published: March 2021

The recent publication of André Bazin's Écrits complets (2018), an enormous two-volume edition of 3000 pages which increases ten-fold Bazin's available corpus, provides opportunities for renewed reflection on, and possibly for substantial revisions of, this key figure in film theory. On the basis of several essays, I propose a drastic rereading of Bazin's most explicitly philosophical notion of “ontology.” This all too familiar notion, long settled into a rather dust-laden couple (“Bazin and ontology”) nonetheless retains its fascination. Rather than attempting to provide a systematic reworking of this couple along well established lines, particularly those defined by realism and indexicality, this article proposes to shift the notion of ontology in Bazin from its determination as actual existence toward a more radical concept of ontology based on the notion of mimesis, particularly as articulated, in a Heideggerian mode, by Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. This more properly ontological concept, also paradoxically and radically improper, is shown to be at work already in Bazin's texts, and it allows us to see that far from simplistically naturalizing photographic technology, Bazin does the contrary: he technicizes nature. If Bazin says that the photograph is a flower or a snowflake, he also implies that, like photographs, these are likewise a kind of technical artifact, an auto-mimetic reproduction of nature. Bazin likewise refers to film as a kind of skin falling away from the body of History, an accumulating pellicule in which nature and history disturbingly merge. This shifted perspective on Bazin's thinking is extended further in reference to Georges Didi-Huberman on the highly mimetic creatures known as phasmids, insects that mimic their environement. I extend this into the dynamic notion of eternal return, an implicit dimension of Bazin's thinking, clarified here in reference to Giorgio Agamben and the “immemorial image” which, like Bazin's “Death Every Afternoon,” presents an eminently repeatable deathly image, an animated corpse-world that can be likened to hell.
‘They wanted a bigger, more ambitious film’: Film Finances and the American ‘Runaways’ That Ran Away
Authors: Chapman Llewella
Published: March 2021

From the early 1960s, the British film industry was increasingly reliant on American studio financed ‘runaway’ productions. Alexander Walker identifies United Artists and Universal Pictures as two of the major players in the trend he dubbed ‘Hollywood England’. This article offers a close examination of the role of two studios in the financing of British film production by making extensive use of the Film Finances Archive. It focuses on two case studies: Tom Jones (1963) and Isadora (1968), both of which had completion guarantees from Film Finances, and will argue that Tony Richardson and Karel Reisz, two of the key British New Wave directors, lost their previous ability to direct films to budget and within schedule when they had the financial resources of American studios behind them. It will analyse how, due to a combination of ‘artistic’ intent and Hollywood money, Richardson and Reisz separately created two of the most notorious ‘runaways’ that ran away during the 1960s.
Political Budget Cycles In Municipalities: Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Doddy Setiawan  , Farah Rizkiah
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the presence of politically induced and electorally motivated economic policy in local government budget. Further, the study examine the presence of pre-electoral manipulation through the behavior of budget balance, total expenditures, investment expenditures, and other administrative expenditures including donations, social assistance, and financial assistance expenditure during election year. Samples of the study consists of 451 district municipalities in Indonesia which held direct local elections over the period 2010-2014. The result of the study shows an opportunistic PBC pattern in the budget balance, total expenditures, donation expenditures, and financial assistance expenditures. The result suggest that there is an increase in local budget deficit in election years.Total expenditures also seem to increase duringthe election year, along with donation and financial assistance expenditures. This result supports the notion that elections have a positive effect on the government expenditures through the increase of municipal expenditures, especially expenditures thatare highly visible to electorate.
Disclosures And Perceptions Of Practitioners On Items Of Financial And Social Reporting Index Developed For Malaysian Islamic Banks
Authors: Asri Marsidi  , Hairul Azlan Annuar  , Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman
Published: March 2021

The study examines the views of accountants concerning the importance of items in the developed index for Islamic Financial and SocialReporting (IFSR)as well as measures and discusses the level of weighted IFSR for Islamic banks based on the IFSR index developed for Malaysian Islamic banks.The research uses the questionnaires and the annual reports to collect the relevant data with respect to the views of accountants and IFSR score of Islamic banks respectively. The findings suggest that the financial part, and the auditing and governance part in the index of IFSR are important and close to important, respectively, while the social part is viewed as fairly important. Moreover, the other finding reflects that the weighted IFSR for Islamic banks in Malaysia is considered as fair.The findings with respect to the level of weighted IFSR disclosure may not be generalised to the years prior and after the examination period. The research provides empirical insights on the importance of items in the IFSR index and the weighted level of IFSR practices among Malaysian Islamic banks.The paper highlights the importance of items in the IFSR index as well as IFSR disclosure in enhancing the accountability and sustainability of Islamic banks.
Trade Balance Response to Shocks in Monetary Policy and Exchange Rate: Evidence from Pakistan using SVECM Approach
Authors: Abdul Rahman Nizamani  , Zulkefly Abdul Karim  , Mohd Azlan Shah Zaidi  , Norlin Khalid
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the effects of monetary policy and exchange rate shocks on the trade balance of Pakistan. Theseeffects are further investigated on the two broad categories of trade surplus and trade deficit sectors.Thisstudy has employed the Structural Vector Error Correction Model (SVECM) withalongrun and short run restrictions to identify the monetary policy shocks. The results from the SVECM are consistent with the standard theoretical expectationsi.e. free from empirical puzzles.The findings have revealed that the tradebalance deteriorates to the contractionary monetary policy shocks, providing support to the expenditure switching effects of monetary policy in Pakistan. Furthermore, the effectiveness of monetarypolicyis only limited to trade surplus sectors.On the other hand, the exchange rateshocks do not support the J-Curve effects on both the aggregate as well as disaggregate level trade balance.
The Use of Think-Aloud in Assisting Reading Comprehension among Primary School Students
Authors: Chin Amelia Shoon Wan , Ghani Kartini Abdul
Published: March 2021

Reading strategies are seldom taught to students despite their importance in aiding reading comprehension. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the think-aloud strategy and investigate primary school students' perception of using the think-aloud strategy in assisting their reading comprehension. Twenty-seven primary school students were introduced and trained to use the think-aloud strategy through teacher-modelling and reciprocal think-aloud with comprehension passages related to the relevant English curriculum. Questionnaires and interview sessions were conducted to gather information on how the students perceive the use of think-aloud in reading comprehension. Findings revealed that students have positive perceptions towards using think-aloud as a reading strategy in their reading comprehension and were keen on using the strategy in their future reading.
The Effects of Exercise on the Psycho-cognitive Function of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Young Adults
Authors: Umar Zaman Nur Izzati , Salleh Mohd Zaki , Marmaya Najihah Hanisah , Hasan Haliza , Muhammad Mokhtar , Abu Bakar Sahol Hamid , Teh Lay Kek
Published: March 2021

The benefit of exercise in inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions in relation to cognition had been reported. Nevertheless, the ambiguity remains with regards to the types of exercise and the duration of exercise required for one to have beneficial effects. In this study, we aimed to analyse the effects of varying modes of exercises and the duration required to improve BDNF functions, specifically in the young adults. The types of exercises evaluated in the meta-analysis include (1) single bout of acute aerobic exercise, (2) repeated and frequent sessions of aerobic exercise (program exercise) over a course of several weeks, and (3) resistance training. Only a single bout of acute aerobic exercise (z=4.92, p=0.00001) is sufficient to cause an increase in BDNF following exercise intervention, while program exercise (z=1.02, p=0.31) and resistance training (z=0.92, p=0.36) demonstrated inconsistencies, some exhibited significant increase in BDNF levels while others exhibited similar results with the control groups.
The Effects of Parental Attachment on Personality Traits
Authors: Yahya Fatahyah , Nahar Mohd Imamuddin , Talib Ahmad Tarmizi , Darshan Singh Sarjit Singh , Mohad Abdul Hakim , Mohd Isa Nur Ayuni , Ahmad Khiri Muhammad Jazlan
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify parental attachment's effects on trainee counsellors' personality traits in the Universiti of Malaysia Sarawak UNIMAS. This research adopted a correlational research design. The respondents were 209 trainee counsellors from the Counselling Program, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak UNIMAS. Two questionnaires were used in this study: The Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and the Big Five Personality. The findings indicated a significant relationship between Parents Communication, Attachment and Extraversion and the Agreeableness Trait of Personality. It also showed a significant relationship between Parents Communication Attachment and Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. We also found a significant relationship between Parents' Alienation Attachment and Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness. The study informs society about the need to increase awareness about the importance of knowing attachment styles and personality traits as both impact individuals' lives..
Analysing Grammar Errors in Malay Language Learning
Authors: Jali Isabella
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the grammatical errors in an analysis of a Malay language course assignment. It focuses on several local students who enrolled on MPU3312 Malay Language course at a public university in Semester 1, 2020/2021 session. The study was conducted on 250 students, using scripts from their group assignment, namely Text Error Analysis Task (Tugasan Analisis Kesalahan Teks). A total of 25 samples of student assignments were analysed and described using Corder Error Analysis Theory. Findings show that students committed 79 types of grammatical errors. Errors in the orthographic (ortografi) aspect are the most common. Preposition (Kata sendi nama) errors and redundancy (kelewahan) were also distinctively found in the writing samples. There were also other types of grammatical errors identified, such as copular verb (kata pemeri), "ianya", abbreviation (singkatan), affix (imbuhan), and word choice (pemilihan kata). The study has brought an understanding of the nature of typical grammatical errors in Malay language writing at the university.
Towards a Quantitative Single Particle Characterization by Super Resolution Microscopy: From Virus Structures to Antivirals Design
Authors: Arista-Romero Maria , Pujals Silvia , Albertazzi Lorenzo
Published: March 2021

In the last year the COVID19 pandemic clearly illustrated the potential threat that viruses pose to our society. The characterization of viral structures and the identification of key proteins involved in each step of the cycle of infection are crucial to develop treatments. However, the small size of viruses, invisible under conventional fluorescence microscopy, make it difficult to study the organization of protein clusters within the viral particle. The applications of super-resolution microscopy have skyrocketed in the last years, converting this group into one of the leading techniques to characterize viruses and study the viral infection in cells, breaking the diffraction limit by achieving resolutions up to 10 nm using conventional probes such as fluorescent dyes and proteins. There are several super-resolution methods available and the selection of the right one it is crucial to study in detail all the steps involved in the viral infection, quantifying and creating models of infection for relevant viruses such as HIV-1, Influenza, herpesvirus or SARS-CoV-1. Here we review the use of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) to study all steps involved in the viral infection and antiviral design. In light of the threat of new viruses, these studies could inspire future assays to unveil the viral mechanism of emerging viruses and further develop successful antivirals against them.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Recyclability of a Functional Jute-Based Geopolymer Composite
Authors: Alshaaer Mazen
Published: March 2021

This study describes the properties of geopolymer composites reinforced with bidirectional jute fibers. Their flexural strength is 12 MPa, four times higher than the strength of non-reinforced reference geopolymers. The bidirectional jute-reinforced geopolymer composite (JGC) is characterized by ductility and high elongation as well as strain hardening with a modulus of 66 MPa. It is found that the introduction of bidirectional jute fibers in the geopolymer matrix increases the adsorption capacity of Cr ions from 2.7 to 6.4 mg/g (pH = 5). The JGC can be recycled by grinding the material, and then using both the geopolymer material and the jute micro-fibers as filler and reinforcement for a new geopolymer matrix. The micro-fiber jute-reinforced composite obtained showed noteworthy mechanical properties, with strength three times higher than that of the reference material, when 2.5 wt% filler was added. Moreover, the ductility of the composite can be substantially enhanced by increasing (up to 10 wt%) the proportion of recycled jute-based geopolymer filler. These composites are therefore proposed as candidate materials for applications in the context of a circular economy.
The Roles of 2-Hydroxyglutarate
Authors: Du Xin , Hu Hai
Published: March 2021

2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is structurally similar to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; it can be generated by reducing the ketone group of α-KG to a hydroxyl group. The significant role that 2-HG plays has been certified in the pathophysiology of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2HGA), tumors harboring mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2mt), and in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is taken as an oncometabolite, raising much attention on its oncogenic mechanism. In recent years, 2-HG has been verified to accumulate in the context of hypoxia or acidic pH, and there are also researches confirming the vital role that 2-HG plays in the fate decision of immune cells. Therefore, 2-HG not only participates in tumorigenesis. This text will also summarize 2-HG’s identities besides being an oncometabolite and will discuss their enlightenment for future research and clinical treatment.
The Role of Lytic Infection for Lymphomagenesis of Human γ-Herpesviruses
Authors: Münz Christian
Published: March 2021

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two oncogenic human γ-herpesviruses that are each associated with 1-2% of human tumors. They encode bona fide oncogenes that they express during latent infection to amplify their host cells and themselves within these. In contrast, lytic virus particle producing infection has been considered to destroy host cells and might be even induced to therapeutically eliminate EBV and KSHV associated tumors. However, it has become apparent in recent years that early lytic replication supports tumorigenesis by these two human oncogenic viruses. This review will discuss the evidence for this paradigm change and how lytic gene products might condition the microenvironment to facilitate EBV and KSHV associated tumorigenesis.
The  of Japan’s Pandemic Response as an Ideograph
Authors: Allgayer Sasha , Kanemoto Emi
Published: March 2021

While the COVID-19 pandemic soared across the world and changed the political dynamics on a global scale, Japan was viewed by some news sources as a “miracle” exception that beat the anticipated projections by experts of how the virus would affect the nation. Though there are a number of potential guesses about Japan’s initial pandemic outcome, which include low numbers of testing, an existing culture of mask-wearing, sanitation, and certain degree of social distancing, the political environment and communication from the government have also been accredited to the so-called “success” of Japan’s pandemic experience. By using the concept of ideograph, this study rhetorically analyzes the key slogan that emerged from Japanese political discourse surrounding the COVID-19 situation: 3つの密 - Mittsu no Mitsu (The Three Cs). Specifically, the authors conclude the ways in which < Three Cs > function as a negative ideograph in this specific rhetorical context. By doing so, the authors argue that this slogan that stems from political discourse became culture-bound and serves as a present-day ideological construction in the form of an ideograph for collective governance to (un)justify certain behaviors.
Strategic Communication and Neuromarketing in the Fisheries Sector: Generating Ideas From the Territory
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Milani Marin Laura E. , Fici Alessandro , Bilucaglia Marco , Circi Riccardo , Rivetti Fiamma , Bellati Mara , Zito Margherita
Published: March 2021

Background: Globalization and technological progress has changed the relationships among fisheries, society and markets. The industrial primacy has led, among others, to the marginalization of fishermen and the deletion of local culture. It followed a loss of the conventional link between territory and traditions, with a change in consumer behavior.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the way through which the communication of territoriality of fish products influences the consumers' quality perception, their willingness to pay and the exploration of packaging, in the Italian context.

Method: In order to obtain quantitative and qualitative data on visual paths (the series of fixations and saccades) and areas of interest (AOI) of the analyzed packaging, gaze data were recorded. AOI permits to define regions of a visual stimulus and to link eye-movement measures to parts of the used stimulus. This study used AOI in order to measure Spent Time (the amount of time that consumers have spent looking at a particular AOI) and Entry Time (the time passed from the moment of the first fixation in a particular AOI) on brands and on products.

Results: The results of the drivers identified crucial points for the future communication of fish products and the promotion of the territory. In particular, the analysis lays the foundations for a reorganization of the approach to the creation of product packaging, through greater attention to detail and the intrinsic values that this can express.

Conclusion: The use of neuromarketing techniques has proved to be valid in identifying what is the main information that is processed for the evaluation of the product also considering the role played by emotions.
Rapid-Response Unsaturated Zone Hydrology: Small-Scale Data, Small-Scale Theory, Big Problems
Authors: Nimmo John R. , Perkins Kim S. , Plampin Michelle R. , Walvoord Michelle A. , Ebel Brian A. , Mirus Benjamin B.
Published: March 2021

The unsaturated zone (UZ) extends across the Earth’s terrestrial surface and is central to many problems related to land and water resource management. Flow of water through the UZ is typically thought to be slow and diffusive, such that it could attenuate fluxes and dampen variability between atmospheric inputs and underlying aquifer systems. This would reduce water resource vulnerability to contaminants and water-related hazards. Reducing or negating that effect, however, spatially concentrated and rapid flow and transport through the unsaturated zone is surprisingly common and becoming more so with the increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme hydroclimatic events. Arising from the wide range in the rates and complex modes of nonlinear flow processes, these effects are among the most poorly characterized hydrologic phenomena. Issues of scale present additional difficulties. Equations representing unsaturated processes have been developed and tested on the basis of field and laboratory measurements typically made at scales from pore size to plot size. In contrast, related problems of significant interest to society, including floods, aquifer recharge, landslides, and groundwater contamination, range from watershed to regional scales. The disparity between the scale of our understanding and the scale of interest for societal problems has spurred application of these model equations at increasingly coarse resolutions over larger areas than can be justified by existing measurements or theory. This mismatch in scales requires an assumption that spatially averaging slow diffusive flow and rapid preferential flow can effectively represent the influence of both processes across vast areas. Given the currently inadequate recognition and quantitative characterization of focused and rapid processes in unsaturated flow, these phenomena are critically in need of expanded attention and effort.
Linking the Variation of Sediment Accumulation Rate to Short Term Sea-Level Change Using Cyclostratigraphy: Case Study of the Lower Berriasian Hemipelagic Sediments in Central Tunisia (Southern Tethys)
Authors: Omar Hamdi , Da Silva Anne-Christine , Yaich Chokri
Published: March 2021

High-resolution magnetic susceptibility and % CaCO3records (5 to 10 cm sampling interval) are used to track astronomical cycles from a Lower Berriasian record from central Tunisia. Six hundred and twenty two samples were measured for magnetic susceptibility and carbonate content as paleoclimate proxies for the detection of potential Milankovitch cycles. Elemental data using X-Ray fluorescence analyses was acquired from 19 samples to prove the reliability of the MS signal on recording the past paleoclimatic changes. We performed multiple spectral analyses and statistical techniques on the magnetic susceptibility signal, such as Multi-taper Method, Evolutive Harmonic Analysis, Correlation Coefficient, Time-optimization, and Average Spectral Misfit to obtain an optimal astronomical model. The application of these spectral analysis techniques revealed a pervasive dominance of E405-kyr and e100-kyr cycles showing that the climate turnover across the early Berriasian—middle Berriasian seems to had been governed by the long and short orbital eccentricity cycles. The identification of Milankovitch cycles in the record also allowed to propose a floating astronomical timescale of the studied section, with ~4 long eccentricity cycles (E405) extracted, which points to a duration estimate of ~1.6 Myr with an average sediment accumulation rate (SAR, after compaction) of 2.77 cm/kyr. The inferred floating ATS was tuned to the La2004 astronomical solution. In addition, we applied the DYNOT and ρ1 methods for seal-level change modeling to reconstruct a local eustatic profile which matches the previously published local and global eustatic charts.
Confronting a Compound Crisis: The School Principal’s Role During Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reyes-Guerra Daniel , Maslin-Ostrowski Patricia , Barakat Maysaa Y. , Stefanovic Melanie Ann
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, bringing to the forefront and catalyzing long-unconfronted racial and economic inequities, in addition to economic collapse and deep political divisions - which all impact students and schools – has resulted in a compound crisis requiring a novel conceptualization of school leadership during times of crisis. This qualitative study captures the leadership experience of principals during the apocalyptic crisis _ the COVID-19 pandemic - beginning from the time schools were closing in March 2020 to the end of the school year in June. Crisis leadership, transformative leadership and social capital constitute the overarching framework for this study. The purpose of this case study was to discover how principals engaged in their thinking and practice to handle the compound crisis, in order to generate a rich description and gain an understanding of school leadership during the first phase of the COVID 19 pandemic. Our research questions were: What were the challenges and complications of leading during the initial phase of the compound crisis from the perspective of principals? How did principals respond? What were the emergent leadership practices? For this case study, we used a purposeful, maximum variation sample of nine principals in Florida. We sought balance in gender, race and ethnicity, and grade level. In-depth interviews were conducted using a structured protocol. Analysis treated each principal as an individual case, then cross-case thematic analysis was employed to uncover common patterns and themes. Three findings emerged. First, participants drew upon their individual reservoirs of shared leader qualities, including personalized and pragmatic communicator; leading with flexibility, creativity and care; bending rules and shifting priorities; and showing resilience under pressure. Second, they tapped into their schools’ strengths, including school context and in-house expertise. Third, they made inter-school connections. The first phase of the compound crisis pushed principals to prioritize care, safety, and wellbeing of students, teachers, and communities above accountability measures and systemic institutional constraints. A call to action for equity is the next logical step for system consideration, and was echoed by participating principals, as well as a realization that going back to old ways is no longer an option.
Risks, Benefits, and Treatment Modalities of Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Current Concepts
Authors: Mehta Jaya , Kling Juliana M. , Manson JoAnn E.
Published: March 2021

Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) prescribing practices have evolved over the last few decades guided by the changing understanding of the treatment’s risks and benefits. Since the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) trial results in 2002, including post-intervention analysis and cumulative 18-year follow up, it has become clear that the risks of HT are low for healthy women less than age 60 or within ten years from menopause. For those who are experiencing bothersome vasomotor symptoms, the benefits are likely to outweigh the risks in view of HT’s efficacy for symptom management. HT also has a role in preventing osteoporosis in appropriate candidates for treatment. A comprehensive overview of the types, routes, and formulations of currently available HT, as well as HT’s benefits and risks by outcomes of interest are provided to facilitate clinical decision making.
17β-Estradiol Is Involved in the Sexual Dimorphism of the Immune Response to Malaria
Authors: Cervantes-Candelas Luis Antonio , Aguilar-Castro Jesús , Buendía-González Fidel Orlando , Fernández-Rivera Omar , Nolasco-Pérez Teresita de Jesús , López-Padilla Monserrat Sofía , Chavira-Ramírez David Roberto , Legorreta-Herrera Martha
Published: March 2021

Malaria is the leading cause of parasitic infection-related death globally. Additionally, malaria-associated mortality is higher in men than in women, and this sexual dimorphism reflects differences in innate and adaptive immune responses that are influenced by sex hormones. Normally, females develop more robust immune responses against parasites than males. However, most clinical and laboratory studies related to the immune response to malaria do not consider sex as a variable, and relatively few studies have compared the sex-dependent role of 17β-estradiol in this process. In this study, we decreasedin vivothe levels of 17β-estradiol by gonadectomy or administered 17β-estradiol to intact or gonadectomized male and female CBA/Ca mice infected withPlasmodium bergheiANKA. Subsequently, we assessed the effects of 17β-estradiol on parasite load; the percentages of different immune cells in the spleen; the plasma levels of antibodies and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; and the mRNA expression levels of cytokine-encoding genes in the brain. The results showed that the administration of 17β-estradiol increased parasitemia and decreased body weight in intact female mice. Moreover, intact females exhibited higher levels of CD8+T cells and lower levels of NK1.1+cells than their male counterparts under the same condition. Gonadectomy increased IFN-γ and decreased TNF-α concentrations only in intact female mice. Additionally, IL-10 levels were higher in intact females than in their male counterparts. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of cytokines coding genes in the brain showed a dimorphic pattern, i.e., gonadectomy upregulatedTnf,Il1b, andIl10expression in males but not in females. Our findings explain the sexual dimorphism in the immune response to malaria, at least in part, and suggest potential sex-dependent implications for the efficacy of vaccines or drugs targeting malaria.