bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Obesity and Anemia among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Syah Muhammad Nur Hasan
Published: March 2022

Nutrition problems that are often faced by adolescent are obesity and anemia. Obesity in adolescent increases the risk of anemia due to inflammation. Inflammation that occurs in obese adolescent will cause disruption of iron absorption and a decrease in hemoglobin levels. This research aims to determine the relationship of obesity with the occurrence of anemia in adolescent in SMK of Bekasi City. This type of research is observational analytic with cross sectional method. The independent variable in this research is obesity and the dependent variable is the occurrence of anemia. The subjects of the research are adolescent of SMK of Bekasi City who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by chi-square test. The results of this research indicate 19.5% of adolescent have a status nutrition overweight and obesity and 31.4% of adolescent experiencing anemia. Adolescent are anemic obesity amounted to 12.5% and shows there is a connection between obesity with the incidence of anemia in adolescent in SMK Kota Bekasi (p < 0.05). The conclusions of the research are obesity can increase the risk of anemia in adolescent
Deteksi Mikrobiota Plasenta Menggunakan PCR 16s rRNA Pada Persalinan Preterm
Authors: Rajia  , Massi Muh. Nasrum , Ahamad Mardiana , Arifuddin Sharvianty , Miskad Upik Anderiani
Published: March 2022

Persalinan preterm adalah persalinan sebelum gestasi 37 minggu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi bakteri dalam plasenta yang paling sering muncul dan besar risiko terhadap kejadian persalinan preterm menggunakan PCR 16S rRNA. Desain penelitian adalah hybrid dengan desain cross sectional study dan case kontrol. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling pada ibu bersalin di Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah Ibu dan Anak Siti Fatimah Makassar, Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Siti Khadija I Makassar, dan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Makassar pada Juni sampai Agustus 2019. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 50 plasenta ibu bersalin, yang terdiri dari 25 ibu bersalin preterm (kasus) dan 25 ibu bersalin aterm (kontrol). Hasil analisa nucleotide BLAS, didapatkan bakteri Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (36,0%) merupakan bakteri modus tertinggi yang muncul pada plasenta preterm dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p-value=0.039) terhadap kejadian persalinan preterm dengan nilai OR = 5.905 yang berarti ibu yang terinfeksi bakteri Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mempunyai risiko 5.905 kali untuk mengalami persalinan preterm, kemudian bakteri Acinetobacter sp. (12,0%) sedangkan modus tertinggi yang muncul pada plasenta aterm adalah bakteri Pseudomonas sp (21,7%) dan Bacillus (13%). Terdapat mikrobiota pada plasenta persalinan aterm maupun plasenta preterm, dan bakteri Stenotrophomonas maltophilia  merupakan bakteri modus tertinggi yang muncul pada plasenta preterm dengan nilai OR = 5.905 yang berarti ibu yang terinfeksi bakteri Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mempunyai risiko 5.905 kali lipat untuk mengalami persalinan preterm
Kolerasi Indeks Obesitasa dengan Kadar Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) pada Subyek Dewasa Non-Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Hardyansa  , Kurniawan Liong Boy , Widaningsih Yuyun
Published: March 2022

Korelasi Indeks Obesitas Dengan Kadar Neuthrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Pada Subjek Dewasa Non-Diabetes Melitus. (Dibimbing oleh Liong Boy Kurniawan dan Yuyun Widaningsih). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kolerasi indeks obesitas dengan kadar Neuthrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) pada subjek dewasa Non-Diabetes Melitus. Sebanyak 70 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdiri dari 17 laki-laki obesitas, 18 laki-laki non-obesitas, 17 perempuan obesitas, dan 18 perempuan non obesitas. Metode penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi antara Neuthrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin dengan IMT (p = 0,241, r = 0,142), LP (p = 0,204, r = -0,154), % Lemak Tubuh (p = 0,984, r = -0,02), LemakVisceral (p = 0,955 r = 0,007) pada subjek dewasa non diabetes melitus. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu tidak ada kolerasi indeks obesitas dengan kadar Neuthrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin pada subjek dewasa non diabetes melitus (DM)
Гватемальцы о сверхъестественном: рассказы у костра в археологической экспедиции
Authors: Вепрецкий С.В.
Published: March 2022

Данная работа представляет собой публикацию рассказов о сверхъестественном, зафиксированных автором во время археологической экспедиции в городище Эль-Энканто (департамент Петен, Гватемала) в 2018 г. Во многих археологических экспедициях по всему миру подобную информацию можно услышать, преимущественно у вечернего костра. Во время раскопок в Эль-Энканто костер располагался в районе кухни и поддерживался круглосуточно, позволяя участникам проекта собираться там каждый вечер для проведения предшествовавшего сну досуга, в том числе делиться так называемыми «рассказами о призраках» (cuentos de fantasmas). Иногда люди пересказывали сюжеты о широко известных по всей Латинской Америке персонажах, таких как Льорона, Сомбрерон или Сигуанаба. На этом фоне выделяются те истории, где информанты сами пережили мистический опыт. Делиться подобным пережитым опытом для гватемальцев нормально, они не боятся, что их обвинят во лжи или посмеются над ними. В роли рассказчиков выступают совершенно разные люди вне зависимости от пола, возраста и образования. Именно такие рассказы представляют наибольшую ценность с точки зрения восприятия сверхъестественного жителями Гватемалы.
in English:
The present work is dedicated to the supernatural stories that the author heard and documented during the archaeological expedition in El Encanto (Petén, Guatemala) in 2018. In expeditions, stories of this kind are usually shared around the campfire. In El Encanto, such a campfire was maintained during the whole night, and the archaeologists could gather around and spend their evenings telling their true-life stories. Among many tales about the well-known supernatural beings, such as La Llorona, Sombrerón, or Sihuanaba, the most important were the ones of the mystical experiences of the storytellers themselves. Regardless of gender, age, or education, completely different people could tell supernatural stories. Sharing such experiences is common for Guatemalans; they are not afraid of being accused of lying or people laughing at them. These stories are of the greatest value for understanding the perception of the supernatural by the people of Guatemala.
Миграционные процессы и их влияние на социально-экономическое развитие Центральной России на примере Костромской области
Authors: Белова Н.А. , Белов А.М.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены результаты всестороннего анализа одного из слаборазвитых регионов Центральной России – Костромской области в 2021 г. Итоги исследования отражают действительное социально-экономическое положение населения, демографическую ситуацию и межэтническое взаимодействие фактически во всем Центральном федеральном округе. В статье представлен и проанализирован портрет мигранта, то, каким видит его местное население, а также сформулированы основные пожелания к представителям других этносов и конфессий. Авторы статьи предприняли попытку разобраться в причинах настороженного отношения, а также раскрыть основные мигрантские фобии и предубеждения, которые возникли у местных жителей под действием различных факторов. Был проведен сравнительный анализ с предыдущими опросами, которые были осуществлены в рассматриваемом регионе, начиная с 2014 г.
Итогами проекта стали рекомендации для местных и федеральных властей в сфере межэтнического взаимодействия, а также успешной адаптации не только мигрантов, но и местных жителей к новым меняющимся реалиям.
in English:
The article presents the results of a comprehensive socio-anthropological study carried out in 2021 in the Kostroma region – one of the underdeveloped regions of Central Russia. The study results accurately reflect the socio-economic and demographic situation of the Kostroma people and interethnic communication in small towns and settlements with a predominately Russian population. The Kostroma case, according to the authors, is typical for the entire Central Federal District. The article portrays a migrant as seen by local residents and voices the requests of the Russians to the migrants from different ethnic and religious groups, which were expressed in the surveys. The authors explored the reasons for the wariness of the local population towards new residents and sought to determine what supports their positive perception of each other and what provokes anti-migrant phobias and prejudices. The comparative analysis of new data compared with the previous surveys in the region since 2014 provided insight into the dynamics of the ongoing processes. The final section of the article suggests recommendations for local and federal authorities aimed at more successful adaptation not only of migrants but also of local residents to the new changing realities.
К истории антропологического изучения народов России
Authors: Герасимова М.М.
Published: March 2022

Статья написана на основе предложенного, но не состоявшегося по ряду причин доклада на заседании 9-ой секции «Историографические традиции российской этнологии …» XIV КАЭР в июле 2021 г. В отличие от опубликованных тезисов, в статье рассматриваются и сравниваются взгляды на историю антропологического изучения народов России не трех, а четырех крупных отечественных антропологов, современницей которых мне посчастливилось быть: своего первого Учителя – Георгия Францевича Дебеца (1905–1969), своего второго Учителя – Виктора Валериановича Бунака (1891–1979) и двух коллег – Валерия Павловича Алексеева (1929–1991) и Александра Александровича Зубова (1934–2013). Источниками послужили стенограммы двух лекций из прочитанных Г.Ф. Дебецем в 1954 г. на 5-ом курсе кафедры антропологи МГУ (см. Герасимова 2020), статья В.В. Бунака (Бунак 1972) в сборнике «Антропология 70-х» и две статьи – В.П. Алексеева (Алексеев 1987) и А.А. Зубова (Зубов 2002).
in English:
The present article is based on the report, which was planned to be presented at the session «The Historiographic Traditions of Russian Ethnology ...» of the XIV Congress of Anthropologists and Ethnologists of Russia in July 2021. Unlike the published abstract, the article examines and compares the views on the history of anthropological studies on the peoples of Russia of four instead of three major Soviet-Russian anthropologists, whose contemporary I was lucky to be. These are my first Teacher – Georgy Frantsevich Debets (1905-1969), my second Teacher – Viktor Valerianovich Bunak (1891-1979), and two colleagues – Valery Pavlovich Alekseev (1929 -1991) and Alexander Alexandrovich Zubov (1934-2013). The present article is based on the following sources: the transcripts of two lectures read by G.F. Debets in 1954 at the department of anthropology of the Moscow State University for the 5th year students (see Gerasimova 2020), the article by V.V. Bunak (Bunak, 1972) in the «Anthropology of the 70-s» collection and articles by V.P. Alekseev (Alekseev 1987) and A.A. Zubov (Zubov 2002).
Ольфакторное восприятие в музее: посетительский опыт
Authors: Гринько И.А. , Шевцова А.А. , Гончаров А.А.
Published: March 2022

Статья посвящена проблеме ольфакторного восприятия музеев посетителями. Помимо того, что запахи являются важной частью нематериального наследия, использование запахов может стимулировать персональные и коллективные ольфакторные воспоминания, что формирует совершенно иное восприятие музейной экспозиции. Подключение ольфакторного восприятия способствует обогащению смыслов экспозиции, заставляет по-иному интерпретировать традиционные музейные материалы и привычные экспонаты. В связи с этим основной целью данного исследования стал анализ отношения посетителей и сотрудников музеев к использованию запахов в музейном пространстве. Основным источником исследования послужил онлайн-опрос 230 посетителей и сотрудников музеев, проведенный в 2020–2021 гг. Данные исследования показали, что большая часть посетителей поддерживает использование ольфакторных элементов в музейных экспозициях. При этом многие из респондентов упоминали о возможных сопутствующих рисках использования запахов, особенно аллергии и отвлечении внимания от экспонатов. Кроме того, частично подтвердилась важность запахов при позиционировании музея, как элемент, повышающий его узнаваемость. Результаты исследования также подтвердили гипотезу, что ольфакторная память способствует успешному брендированию музея.
In English:
The article is devoted to the problem of the visitors’ olfactory perception of museums. The smells are an important part of the intangible heritage, and the use of smells can stimulate personal and collective olfactory memories, which shapes an entirely different perception of a museum exhibition. Olfactory perception contributes to the enrichment of the meanings of the exposition, encourages new interpretations of traditional museum materials and familiar exhibits. In this regard, the main goal of this study was to analyze the attitude of visitors and museum staff to using smells in a museum space. The primary source of the study was an online survey of 230 museum visitors and staff conducted in 2020–2021. The research data showed that most visitors support the use of olfactory elements in museum exhibits. However, many respondents mentioned the possible risks, especially allergies and distraction from exhibits. In addition, it was partially confirmed that smells are an important element that increases museums’ recognition. The study results also confirmed the hypothesis that olfactory memory contributes to the successful branding of a museum.
Исторические особенности миграции в социально-психологическом и этнокультурном измерении и фактор фрустрации
Authors: Карлов В.В.
Published: March 2022

Статья посвящена актуальной в научном и практическом отношении проблеме взаимодействия мигрантов с принимающим сообществом. Рассматриваются связанные с процессом миграции вызовы, прежде всего, опасность перевода социальных конфликтов в межэтническую плоскость, особенно в ситуации социальной нестабильности. Данная ситуация характерна в настоящее время для большинства стран мира, поэтому важна оценка воздействия на межэтнические отношения фактора фрустрации у тех или иных групп населения. А выход из состояния фрустрации нередко переводится в сферу межэтнических отношений. Проблема особенно актуальна для таких полиэтничных государств, как Российская Федерация. Автор дает краткую характеристику феномена миграции на разных этапах истории, так как считает, что ее специфика зависит от стадиальных изменений в системе адаптации человека в среде обитания. Ведь миграция непосредственно связана с адаптацией переселенцев к новым условиям жизни. Такой подход, по его мнению, помогает понять особенности современной миграции и вовремя предотвращать возможные конфликтные ситуации.
in English:
The article is devoted to the problem of the interaction of migrants with the host community, which is relevant in scientific and practical terms. Migration is associated with various challenges; an important one is the danger of transferring social conflicts to the interethnic plane, especially in a situation of social instability. This situation is currently typical for most countries of the world, so it is essential to assess the impact of the frustration factor on interethnic relations among certain groups of the population. The way out of frustration is often translated into the sphere of interethnic relations. The problem is especially relevant for such multi-ethnic states as the Russian Federation. The author gives a brief historical overview of the phenomenon of migration, as he believes that its specificity depends on the stage changes in the system of human adaptation to the environment. After all, migration is directly related to the adaptation of migrants to new conditions. This approach, in his opinion, helps to understand modern migration and prevent possible conflict situations in time.
Influence of the Seed Loophole and Bottleneck on Quantity and Quality of Organic Maize Seed in the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Endres A. Bryan , Andrade Laborde Juan E. , Bohn Martin O. , Formiga Alice K. , Goldstein Walter A. , Marriott Emily E. , Ugarte Carmen M. , Wander Michelle M.
Published: March 2022

A case study in the U.S. Midwest explored factors likely to be limiting organic maize, aka corn seed quality and quantity. We sought to learn about the influence of the regulatory loophole which allows use of conventionally produced, untreated, non-GMO seed for organic production when an organic equivalent is unavailable and, the organic sectors' concerns about access to quality seed, and seed price. Two farmer focus groups, a workshop with seed producers, a survey of merchants of organic maize seed, and a research project advisory board suggested that the degree of concern about the loophole and seed quality varied according to participants' priorities. Farmers equate seed quality with agronomic traits impacting grain yield and crop establishment (vigor, emergence and tolerance to cultivation). Traits influencing grain quality or composition for specific uses, and the ability to satisfy consumer wants were more important to buyers. Seed price was of greater concern to farmers and buyers catering to commodity markets than to producers and buyers serving de-commodified markets. Producers that prized yield most highly were less concerned about the loophole or interested in participatory on-farm breeding and testing networks than farmers catering to specialty markets. Despite interest, little information about nutritional quality, rhizosphere function, and ecosystem service provision is circulated outside of academic groups. A workshop with leaders in the organic seed improvement industry and advisory board input identified the inability of inbred lines to withstand weed, pest, and disease pressure as the main bottleneck increasing costs and limiting investment in organic seed improvement. The cost differential between organic-and conventional non-treated seed, and competition from organic grain imports, were believed to be limiting the price of certified seed, thus making it difficult to garner investment and innovation needed to develop desired agronomic, environmental, or grain-quality traits. An audit of seed sales reported by >90% of U.S. vendors of certified seed found that the volume of organic seed being sold may account for as much as 75% of organic maize acreage planted in the U.S. Costs of non-treated seed sourced through the loophole are 40-100% less than certified seed. With 75% of U.S. organic corn being produced using certified organic seed, we conclude that the loophole is not altering seed quality by undercutting organic seed sales. Substantially higher costs of organic seed production and challenges associated with organic seed production appear to be the most likely barriers to maize seed improvement for the organic sector.
A New Augmentation Method for Improved Screw Fixation in Fragile Bone
Authors: Raina Deepak Bushan , Markevičiūtė Vetra , Stravinskas Mindaugas , Kok Joeri , Jacobson Ida , Liu Yang , Sezgin Erdem Aras , Isaksson Hanna , Zwingenberger Stefan , Tägil Magnus , Tarasevičius Šarūnas , Lidgren Lars
Published: March 2022

Pertrochanteric fractures (TF) due to osteoporosis constitute nearly half of all proximal femur fractures. TFs are treated with a surgical approach and fracture fixation is achieved using metallic fixation devices. Poor quality cancellous bone in osteoporotic patients makes anchorage of a fixation device challenging, which can lead to failure of the fracture fixation. Methods to reinforce the bone-implant interface using bone cement (PMMA) and other calcium phosphate cements in TFs have been described earlier but a clear evidence on the advantage of using such biomaterials for augmentation is weak. Furthermore, there is no standardized technique for delivering these biomaterials at the bone-implant interface. In this study, we firstly describe a method to deliver a calcium sulphate/hydroxyapatite (CaS/HA) based biomaterial for the augmentation of a lag-screw commonly used for TF fixation. We then used an osteoporotic Sawbones model to study the consequence of CaS/HA augmentation on the immediate mechanical anchorage of the lag-screw to osteoporotic bone. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, the method of delivering the CaS/HA biomaterial at the bone-implant interface as well as spreading of the CaS/HA material at this interface was tested in patients undergoing treatment for TF as well as in donated femoral heads. The mechanical testing results indicated that the CaS/HA based biomaterial increased the peak extraction force of the lag-screw by 4 times compared with un-augmented lag-screws and the results were at par with PMMA. The X-ray images from the patient series showed that it was possible to inject the CaS/HA material at the bone-implant interface without applying additional pressure and the CaS/HA material spreading was observed at the interface of the lag-screw threads and the bone. Finally, the spreading of the CaS/HA material was also verified on donated femoral heads and micro-CT imaging indicated that the entire length of the lag-screw threads was covered with the CaS/HA biomaterial. In conclusion, we present a novel method for augmenting a lag-screw in TFs, which could potentially reduce the risk of fracture fixation failure and reoperation in fragile osteoporotic patients.
Effects of Lower Limb Cycling Training on Different Components of Force and Fatigue in Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lin Yen-Po , Chen Rou-Shayn , Chen Vincent Chiun-Fan , Liu Chun-Hsien , Chan Hsiao-Lung , Chang Ya-Ju
Published: March 2022

The strength of lower extremity is important for individuals to maintain balance and ambulation functions. The previous studies showed that individuals with Parkinson’s disease suffered from fatigue and strength loss of central origin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lower extremities’ cycling training on different components of force and fatigue in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Twenty-four individuals (13 males, 11 females, mean age: 60.58 ± 8.21 years) diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were randomized into training and control groups. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force, voluntary activation level (VA), and twitch force of knee extensors were measured using a custom-made system with surface electrical stimulation. The general, central, and peripheral fatigue indexes (GFI, CFI, and PFI) were calculated after a fatiguing cycling protocol. Subjects received 8 weeks of low resistance cycling training (training group) or self-stretching (control group) programs. Results showed that MVC, VA, and twitch force improved (p < 0.05) only in the training group. Compared to the baseline, central fatigue significantly improved in the training group, whereas peripheral fatigue showed no significant difference in two groups. The cycling training was beneficial for individuals with Parkinson’s disease not only in muscle strengthening but also in central fatigue alleviation. Further in-depth investigation is required to confirm the effect of training and its mechanism on central fatigue.
Abnormalities in Cortical GABAergic Interneurons of the Primary Motor Cortex Caused by Lis1 (Pafah1b1) Mutation Produce a Non-drastic Functional Phenotype
Authors: Domínguez-Sala E. , Valdés-Sánchez L. , Canals S. , Reiner O. , Pombero A. , García-López R. , Estirado A. , Pastor D. , Geijo-Barrientos E. , Martínez S.
Published: March 2022

LIS1 (PAFAH1B1) plays a major role in the developing cerebral cortex, and haploinsufficient mutations cause human lissencephaly type 1. We have studied morphological and functional properties of the cerebral cortex of mutant mice harboring a deletion in the first exon of the mouse Lis1 (Pafah1b1) gene, which encodes for the LisH domain. The Lis1/sLis1 animals had an overall unaltered cortical structure but showed an abnormal distribution of cortical GABAergic interneurons (those expressing calbindin, calretinin, or parvalbumin), which mainly accumulated in the deep neocortical layers. Interestingly, the study of the oscillatory activity revealed an apparent inability of the cortical circuits to produce correct activity patterns. Moreover, the fast spiking (FS) inhibitory GABAergic interneurons exhibited several abnormalities regarding the size of the action potentials, the threshold for spike firing, the time course of the action potential after-hyperpolarization (AHP), the firing frequency, and the frequency and peak amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC’s). These morphological and functional alterations in the cortical inhibitory system characterize the Lis1/sLis1 mouse as a model of mild lissencephaly, showing a phenotype less drastic than the typical phenotype attributed to classical lissencephaly. Therefore, the results described in the present manuscript corroborate the idea that mutations in some regions of the Lis1 gene can produce phenotypes more similar to those typically described in schizophrenic and autistic patients and animal models.
Mechanisms of Senescence-Related NKG2D Ligands Release and Immune Escape Induced by Chemotherapy in Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Yan , Hu Ruimin , Xi Bixin , Nie Dimin , Xu Hanxiao , Liu Aiguo
Published: March 2022

Chemotherapy-induced senescence promotes immunocyte aggregation in the tumor microenvironment by upregulating the surface expression of activating ligands in cancer cells. However, these senescent tumor cells cannot be completely cleared and can induce tumor recurrence. Previous studiesshowed that soluble natural killer (NK) group 2D (NKG2D) ligands impair the recognition of multiple immune cells. In this study, we established an in vitro senescence model using neuroblastoma cells subjected to low-dose Chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin or the Aurora A inhibitor MLN8237. The results showed that different neuroblastoma cell lines showed increased secretion of the NKG2D ligand MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A/B (MICA/B) following proteolysis after treatment, with MICA/B subsequently recruited to exosomes to downregulate NKG2D expression in NK cells. Interestingly, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing 10 (ADAM10) was upregulated in senescent tumor cells, and combined treatment with the ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X and chemotherapeutic drugs inhibited MICA/B secretion and enhanced recognition and killing by NK cells. Additionally, we found that expression of the long noncoding RNA MALAT1 was significantly increased in senescent neuroblastoma cells, and that MALAT1 served as a sponge for microRNA (miR)-92a-3p to counteract miR-92a-3p-mediated repression of ADAM10 levels. Furthermore, administration of a MALAT1 inhibitor or an miR-92a-3p mimic reduced the MICA/B shedding and enhanced recognition and killing by NK cells. These results confirmed that low-dose chemotherapy induces senescence in neuroblastoma cells, and that senescent tumor cells promote the shedding of the NKG2D ligand MICA/B through the MALAT1/miR-92a/ADAM10 axis, thereby contributing to the formation of a suppressive immune microenvironment and promoting immune escape.
Nickel Acetate-Assisted Graphitization of Porous Activated Carbon at Low Temperature for Supercapacitors With High Performances
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Qiu Zhian , Li Qingyu , Liang Libo , Yang Xiaofei , Lu Shaorong , Xiang Dinghan , Lai Feiyan
Published: March 2022

Catalytic graphitization opens a route to prepare graphitic carbon under fairly mild conditions. Biomass has been identified as a potentially attractive precursor for graphitic carbon materials. In this work, corn starch was used as carbon source to prepare hollow graphitic carbon microspheres by pyrolysis after mixing impregnation with nitrate salts, and the surface of these carbon microspheres is covered with controllable pores structure. Under optimal synthesis conditions, the prepared carbon microspheres show a uniform pore size distribution and high degree of graphitization. When tested as electrode materials for supercapacitor with organic electrolyte, the electrode exhibited a superior specific capacitance of 144.8 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, as well as large power density and a capacitance retention rate of 93.5% after 1,000 cycles in galvanostatic charge/discharge test at 1.0 A g−1. The synthesis extends use of the renewable nature resources and sheds light on developing new routes to design graphitic carbon microspheres.
Investigative on the Molecular Mechanism of Licorice Flavonoids Anti-Melanoma by Network Pharmacology, 3D/2D-QSAR, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Hu Yi , Wu Yufan , Jiang CuiPing , Wang Zhuxian , Shen Chunyan , Zhu Zhaoming , Li Hui , Zeng Quanfu , Xue Yaqi , Wang Yuan , Liu Li , Yi Yankui , Zhu Hongxia , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2022

Licorice flavonoids (LCFs) are natural flavonoids isolated from Glycyrrhiza which are known to have anti-melanoma activities in vitro. However, the molecular mechanism of LCF anti-melanoma has not been fully understood. In this study, network pharmacology, 3D/2D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to explore the molecular mechanism of LCF anti-melanoma. First of all, we screened the key active components and targets of LCF anti-melanoma by network pharmacology. Then, the logIC50 values of the top 20 compounds were predicted by the 2D-QSAR pharmacophore model, and seven highly active compounds were screened successfully. An optimal 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model for predicting the activity of LCF compounds was established by the HipHop method. The effectiveness of the 3D-QSAR pharmacophore was verified by a training set of compounds with known activity, and the possible decisive therapeutic effect of the potency group was inferred. Finally, molecular docking and MD simulation were used to verify the effective pharmacophore. In conclusion, this study established the structure–activity relationship of LCF and provided theoretical guidance for the research of LCF anti-melanoma.
Vertical Slip Rates of Normal Faults Constrained by Both Fault Walls: A Case Study of the Hetao Fault System in Northern China
Authors: Xu Dongsheng , He Zhongtai , Ma Baoqi , Long Jianyu , Zhang Hao , Liang Kuan
Published: March 2022

The slip rate is a fundamental kinematic parameter of active faults. Traditional methods using fault scarps or trenches may produce inaccurate estimates of a fault’s vertical slip rate. A normal fault’s vertical slip rate requires constraints from the hanging wall and footwall. Here, the vertical slip rate at each measuring point along the fault was calculated by the joint constraints of terraces in the footwall and boreholes in the hanging wall. Nine measuring points were selected along the Sertengshan piedmont fault. The vertical slip rates of this fault since 65 and 12 ka were 0.74–1.81 and 0.86–2.28 mm/a, respectively. Four measuring points were selected along the Wulashan piedmont fault. The vertical slip rates of this fault since 60 and 12 ka were 2.14–3.11 and 1.84–2.91 mm/a, respectively. Seven measuring points were selected along the Daqingshan piedmont fault; the vertical slip rates were 2.5–3.88 and 1.78–2.83 mm/a since 58 and 11 ka, respectively. Analysis of the slip rates, theelapsed timesince the last palaeoearthquake and the mean recurrence interval of palaeoearthquakes on each fault segment on the northern margin of the Hetao Basin suggests that the Langshankou and Hongqicun segments of the Sertengshan piedmont fault are at higher risk of earthquakes than the other segments. Among the fault segments of the Wulashan piedmont fault, the Baotou segment is at the highest seismic risk. The seismic risk of the Tuyouxi segment of the Daqingshan piedmont fault should not be ignored, and the Tuzuoxi, Bikeqi and Hohhot segments have high seismic risk. Based on the findings and a dynamic model of the formation and evolution of the Ordos block, it is concluded that the depositional centre of the Hetao Basin has tended to migrate from west to east. The vertical force generated by deep material movement is the dominant factor leading to a greater vertical slip rate in the eastern portion of the northern margin of the Hetao Basin. The modern stress field in the Hetao Basin results in an increase in the vertical slip rate of active faults from west to east along the northern margin of the basin.
Landslide-Induced Weathering in Tectonically Active Mountains: Evidence From Dissolved Radiogenic Uranium Isotopes
Authors: Li Laifeng , Li Gen K. , Li Le , Li Gaojun
Published: March 2022

Understanding weathering processes in landslide-dominated catchments is critical for evaluating the role of landslides in chemical weathering and the global carbon cycle. Previous studies have focused on solute concentrations in landslide-impacted landscapes, but have paid less attention to developing isotopic tracers of landslide-induced weathering fluxes. Recent work found that the dissolved radiogenic uranium isotopes in river water are closely related to the denudation rates in catchments draining steep mountains where landslides are thought to be a major erosion mechanism, suggesting the potential of uranium isotopes to trace landslide-induced weathering fluxes. Here we compile the dissolved radiogenic uranium isotopes (234U/238U ratios) in the river water samples from a group of catchments with variable landslide activities in the Minjiang River Basin at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We derive three metrics of landslide activity from the analyses of digital topography and an inventory map of the co-seismic landslides triggered by the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake: the normalized volume of landslides, the mean catchment slope angle, and the fraction of slopes steeper than a threshold angle beyond which slopes are mechanically unstable. The riverine dissolved 234U/238U ratios correlate negatively with the metrics of landslide activity in each catchment, which likely reflect the influence of landslides on the dissolved 234U/238U ratios. Mechanistically, enhanced bedrock landsliding would accelerate the exposure of fresh rock, promoting bedrock weathering and congruent dissolution of 234U and 238U contained in minerals; reduced landslide activities and enhanced regolith weathering would lead to preferential accumulation of 234U against 238U in solutes through alpha-recoil ejection, thus increasing dissolved 234U/238U. Our findings provide field evidence of using the riverine dissolved 234U/238U ratio to trace weathering fluxes driven by landslides, shedding new light on chemical weathering processes in uplifting mountains.
Roles of Gastric Emptying and Gastrointestinal Transit Following Ileal Interposition in Alleviating Diabetes in Goto-Kakizaki Rats
Authors: Wang Yanmin , Guo Xiaomei , Sun Dong , Kassab Ghassan S.
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study aimed to determine the change of gastrointestinal (GI) emptying time after ileal interposition (IT) and elucidate the role of altered GI peristalsis in diabetic control.

Materials and Methods

Twelve male Goto-Kakizaki rats were randomly divided into IT and sham groups. Body weight and food intake were recorded. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and gastric emptying were measured at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks after operation. At 9 weeks postoperatively, the rats in the IT group were given atropine which can suppress the emptying of stomach and upper intestine, while sham rats were given metoclopramide (to expedite gastric emptying) for 1 week. At week 10 postoperatively, OGTT and GLP-1 were detected. The intestinal transit was tested at postoperative 12 weeks.

Results

No differences were found between groups at baseline. After operation, the IT rats had lower body weight than sham rats. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, the IT group showed better OGTT and ITT, with significantly elevated GLP-1 relative to sham. After administration of the GI motility drugs, however, the effect of diabetic control for the two groups became similar. The GI transit after IT was significantly slower than sham at all tested time points.

Conclusions

Although IT inhibits the GI transit time, the earlier interaction between undigested nutrients and interpositioned ileum promotes gut hormone secretion and thus reduces body weight and alleviates hyperglycemia. A decrease of GI transit of IT rats exacerbates the antidiabetic effects.
Performance of CO2 Foam Huff and Puff in Tight Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Shabib-Asl Abdolmohsen , Chen Shengnan (Nancy) , Zheng Sixu
Published: March 2022

The challenges associated with unconventional reservoirs are related to their intrinsic nature: extremely low porosity and permeability. Combinations of horizontal wells and multistage hydraulic fracturing techniques have been developed to overcome the production obstacles and unlock the vast amount of oil in place in such formations. However, oil production still exhibits a sharp decline within the first 2 years after the stimulation, leading to an oil recovery of less than 15%. Thus, enhanced oil recovery methods need to be investigated to further increase the production rates and the recovery. In this study, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the CO2 foam huff and puff process and its impacts on oil recovery in tight oil formations. More specifically, the foam half-life was measured as a function of surfactant concentration and followed by the foam drainage ratio and its rheological properties in the subsequent tests. Reservoir simulations were conducted using the lab data and the field data collected from Cardium formation. Sensitivity analyses were finally carried out to investigate the effects of controlling variables on the CO2 foam performance. Experimental results revealed that the optimal surfactant concentration was found to be 0.2%, which is the critical micelle concentration point. Simulation results show that CO2 foam huff and puff can increase the oil recovery by more than 11% compared to that of the primary production. Moreover, sensitivity analyses show that the production time, injection time, and soaking time are the main effecting parameters, while the injection rate and the incremental injection rate are less important.
Identification of a Novel Survival-Related circRNA–miRNA–mRNA Regulatory Network Related to Immune Infiltration in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gan Yu , Fang Weidan , Zeng Yan , Wang Peijun , Shan Renfeng , Zhang Ling
Published: March 2022

Increasing studies have reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of circRNA-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) are still unclear. In the present study, we discovered dysregulated circRNAs through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analysis and validated the expression of the top seven circRNAs with upregulated expression by qRT–PCR and Sanger sequencing. Then, the Cancer-Specific CircRNA Database (CSCD) was used to predict the downstream miRNAs of seven circRNAs, and expression and survival analyses through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were performed to identify the key miRNA in LIHC. Thereafter, the hsa_circ_0017264-hsa-miR-195–5p subnetwork was successfully constructed. Subsequently, we predicted downstream target genes of hsa-miR-195–5p with TargetScan, miRDB, and mirtarbase and overlapped them with differentially expressed mRNAs to obtain 21 target genes. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the biological and functional roles of these target genes. Finally, with Pearson correlation and prognostic value analysis, a survival-related hsa_circ_0017264-hsa-miR-195-5p-CHEK1/CDC25A/FOXK1 axis was established. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to determine the function of CHEK1/CDC25A/FOXK1 in the ceRNA network. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis revealed that the ceRNA network was markedly associated with the levels of multiple immune cell infiltrates, immune cell biomarkers and immune checkpoints. Overall, the hsa_circ_0017264-hsa-miR-195-5p-CHEK1/CDC25A/FOXK1 network might provide novel insights into the potential mechanisms underlying LIHC onset and progression.
Comparative Genomics of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) of Felids
Authors: Plasil Martin , Futas Jan , Jelinek April , Burger Pamela A. , Horin Petr
Published: March 2022

This review summarizes the current knowledge on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the family Felidae. This family comprises an important domestic species, the cat, as well as a variety of free-living felids, including several endangered species. As such, the Felidae have the potential to be an informative model for studying different aspects of the biological functions of MHC genes, such as their role in disease mechanisms and adaptation to different environments, as well as the importance of genetic diversity for conservation issues in free-ranging or captive populations. Despite this potential, the current knowledge on the MHC in the family as a whole is fragmentary and based mostly on studies of the domestic cat and selected species of big cats. The overall structure of the domestic cat MHC is similar to other mammalian MHCs following the general scheme “centromere-MHC class I-MHC class III-MHC class II” with some differences in the gene contents. An unambiguously defined orthologue of the non-classical class IHLA-Egene has not been identified so far and the class II DQ and DP genes are missing or pseudogenized, respectively. A comparison with available genomes of other felids showed a generally high level of structural and sequence conservation of the MHC region. Very little and fragmentary information onin vitroand/orin vivobiological functions of felid MHC genes is available. So far, no association studies have indicated effects of MHC genetic diversity on a particular disease. No information is available on the role of MHC class I molecules in interactions with Natural Killer (NK) cell receptors or on the putative evolutionary interactions (co-evolution) of the underlying genes. A comparison of complex genomic regions encoding NK cell receptors (the Leukocyte Receptor Complex, LRC and the Natural Killer Cell Complex, NKC) in the available felid genomes showed a higher variability in the NKC compared to the LRC and the MHC regions. Studies of the genetic diversity of domestic cat populations and/or specific breeds have focused mainly onDRBgenes. Not surprisingly, higher levels of MHC diversity were observed in stray cats compared to pure breeds, as evaluated byDRBsequencing as well as by MHC-linked microsatellite typing. Immunogenetic analysis in wild felids has only been performed on MHC class I and II loci in tigers, Namibian leopards and cheetahs. This information is important as part of current conservation tasks to assess the adaptive potential of endangered wild species at the human-wildlife interface, which will be essential for preserving biodiversity in a functional ecosystem.
Defend as You Can, React Quickly: The Effects of the COVID-19 Shock on a Large Fishery of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Russo Tommaso , Catucci Elena , Franceschini Simone , Labanchi Lucio , Libralato Simone , Sabatella Evelina Carmen , Sabatella Rosaria Felicita , Parisi Antonio , Fiorentino Fabio
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an analysis of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic and related restrictive measures on the activity of the Italian fleet of trawlers, which represents one of the most important fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea. We integrated multiple sources of information including: (1) Fleet activity data from Vessel Monitoring System, the most important satellite-based tracking device; (2) vessel-specific landing data disaggregated by species; (3) market and economic drivers affecting the effort variation during the lockdown and in the related fishing strategies; (4) monthly landings of demersal species in the main Italian harbors. These data sources are combined to: (1) Assess the absolute and relative changes of trawling effort in the geographical sub-areas surrounding the Italian coasts; (2) integrate and compare these changes with the market and economic drivers in order to explain the observed changes in fishing effort and strategy; (3) analyze the changes of the fishing effort on the Landing-per-unit-effort (LPUE) in order to further understand the strategy adopted by fishers during this crisis and to infer the potential consequence for the different stocks. The results provide an overview of the effects of the “COVID-19 shock,” in terms of fishing activity and socio-economic drivers, demonstrating that the consequences of the pandemic have been very varied. Although the COVID-19 shock has caused a marked overall reduction in activity in the first semester of 2020, in some cases the strategies adopted by fishermen and the commercial network linked to their activity have significantly reduced the impact of the emergency and taken back catch and effort to levels similar to those of previous years. These results could provide insights for management measures based on temporal stops of fishing activities. In particular, if no limits to the fishing effort after the restart of fishing activities are adopted, the benefits of fishing pressure reduction on fishery resources could be nullified. On the other hands, when fishing activities restart, and in the absence of catch control, effort tends to increase on coastal bottoms characterized by greater abundance of resources and longer effective fishing time.
Uncertainties Associated With Simulating Regional Sea Surface Height and Tides: A Case Study of the East China Seas
Authors: Jiang Long , Lu Xinyu , Xu Wenlong , Yao Peng , Cheng Xuhua
Published: March 2022

Modeling sea surface height (SSH) and tides is important but challenging in shelf seas. The Eastern China Seas (ECSs) is such a shelf sea with large inter-model deviations in prior studies. In order to assess and compare the possible uncertainty sources, numerical scenarios of varying the open boundary forcing, bottom roughness length scale, atmospheric forcing, grid resolution, and regional bathymetry were conducted in a hydrodynamic model of the ECSs. Results indicate that bathymetry data and open boundary forcing with inadequate accuracy generate uncertainties in SSH and tides locally and throughout the basin. An increase in bottom roughness enhances tidal dissipation and shifts amphidromes to the left relative to the incoming Kelvin waves, causing SSH variations in the ECSs. Refining the model resolution from 4 to 2 km mainly affects nearshore SSH and tides due to minor changes in depicted coastlines. Using different reanalysis meteorological data appears more important on the episodic than annual scale. It is highlighted that some uncertainty sources have opposing effects on SSH or tides and counteract their individual biases, making it difficult to achieve a realistic simulation. For example, increasing bottom roughness can not only compensate effects of overestimated tidal amplitude at open boundaries, but also balance out the overestimated M2 phase along the West Coast of Korea in a coarser-resolution model. Based on findings in this study, suggestions are provided for further reducing uncertainties in SSH and tide modeling in the ECSs and other shelf seas.