bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Object-Centric Process Mining: Unraveling the Fabric of Real Processes
Authors: van der Aalst Wil M. P.
Published: June 2023

Traditional approaches for process modeling and process analysis tend to focus on one type of object (also referred to as cases or instances), and each event refers to precisely one such object. This simplifies modeling and analysis, e.g., a process model merely describes the lifecycle of one object (e.g., a production order or an insurance claim) in terms of its activities (i.e., event types). However, in reality, there are often multiple objects of different types involved in an event. Think about filling out an electronic form referring to one order, one customer, ten items, three shipments, and one invoice. Object-centric process mining (OCPM) takes a more holistic and more comprehensive approach to process analysis and improvement by considering multiple object types and events that involve any number of objects. This paper introduces object-centric event data (OCED) and shows how these can be used to discover, analyze, and improve the fabric of real-life, highly intertwined processes. This tutorial-style paper presents the basic concepts, object-centric process-mining techniques, examples, and formalizes OCED. Fully embracing object centricity provides organizations with a “three-dimensional” view of their processes, showing how they interact with each other, and where the root causes of performance and compliance problems lie.
Seismic Bearing Capacity Solution for Strip Footings in Unsaturated Soils with Modified Pseudo-Dynamic Approach
Authors: Xu Sheng , Zhou De
Published: June 2023

In engineering mathematics, the unsaturated nature of soil has a significant impact on the seismic bearing capacity solution. However, it has generally been neglected in the published literature to date. Based on the kinematic approach of limit analysis, the present study proposes a method for calculating the bearing capacity of shallow strip footings located in unsaturated soils, taking four common types of soils as examples. The modified pseudo-dynamic (MPD) approach is used to calculate the seismic forces varying with time and space, and the layerwise summation method is used to derive the power generated by the seismic forces. In the calculation of internal energy dissipation, this paper introduces the effective stress based on the suction stress to derive the cohesion expression at different depths. The analytical formula of bearing capacity is obtained by the principle of virtual work, and its value is optimized by the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm. In order to verify the validity of the proposed method, the present results are compared with the solutions published so far and a good agreement is obtained. Finally, a parametric study is performed to investigate the influence of different types of parameters on the bearing capacity.
Synthesis and Oxygen Mobility of Bismuth Cerates and Titanates with Pyrochlore Structure
Authors: Bespalko Yuliya , Eremeev Nikita , Sadovskaya Ekaterina , Krieger Tamara , Bulavchenko Olga , Suprun Evgenii , Mikhailenko Mikhail , Korobeynikov Mikhail , Sadykov Vladislav
Published: June 2023

Synthesis and study of materials based on bismuth cerates and titanates were carried out. Complex oxides Bi1.6Y0.4Ti2O7 were synthesized by the citrate route; Bi2Ce2O7 and Bi1.6Y0.4Ce2O7—by the Pechini method. The structural characteristics of materials after conventional sintering at 500–1300 °C were studied. It is demonstrated that the formation of a pure pyrochlore phase, Bi1.6Y0.4Ti2O7, occurs after high-temperature calcination. Complex oxides Bi2Ce2O7 and Bi1.6Y0.4Ce2O7 have a pyrochlore structure formed at low temperatures. Yttrium doping of bismuth cerate lowers the formation temperature of the pyrochlore phase. As a result of calcination at high temperatures, the pyrochlore phase transforms into the CeO2-like fluorite phase enriched by bismuth oxide. The influence of radiation-thermal sintering (RTS) conditions using e-beams was studied as well. In this case, dense ceramics are formed even at sufficiently low temperatures and short processing times. The transport characteristics of the obtained materials were studied. It has been shown that bismuth cerates have high oxygen conductivity. Conclusions are drawn about the oxygen diffusion mechanism for these systems. The materials studied are promising for use as oxygen-conducting layers in composite membranes.
Genomic and Pathogenicity Mechanisms of the Main Theobroma cacao L. Eukaryotic Pathogens: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Novais Diogo Pereira Silva , Batista Thiago Mafra , Costa Eduardo Almeida , Pirovani Carlos Priminho
Published: June 2023

A set of diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes are responsible for large losses in annual world cocoa production. Managing the impact caused by these diseases is very complex because a common solution has yet to be found for different pathogens. In this context, the systematic knowledge of Theobroma cacao L. pathogens’ molecular characteristics may help researchers understand the possibilities and limitations of cocoa disease management strategies. This work systematically organized and summarized the main findings of omics studies of T. cacao eukaryotic pathogens, focusing on the plant–pathogen interaction and production dynamics. Using the PRISMA protocol and a semiautomated process, we selected papers from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and collected data from the selected papers. From the initial 3169 studies, 149 were selected. The first author’s affiliations were mostly from two countries, Brazil (55%) and the USA (22%). The most frequent genera were Moniliophthora (105 studies), Phytophthora (59 studies) and Ceratocystis (13 studies). The systematic review database includes papers reporting the whole-genome sequence from six cocoa pathogens and evidence of some necrosis-inducing-like proteins, which are common in T. cacao pathogen genomes. This review contributes to the knowledge about T. cacao diseases, providing an integrated discussion of T. cacao pathogens’ molecular characteristics, common mechanisms of pathogenicity and how this knowledge is produced worldwide.
Development of Antifouling Strategies for Marine Applications
Authors: Romeu Maria João , Mergulhão Filipe
Published: June 2023

Marine biofouling is an undeniable challenge for aquatic systems since it is responsible for several environmental and ecological problems and economic losses. Several strategies have been developed to mitigate fouling-related issues in marine environments, including developing marine coatings using nanotechnology and biomimetic models, and incorporating natural compounds, peptides, bacteriophages, or specific enzymes on surfaces. The advantages and limitations of these strategies are discussed in this review, and the development of novel surfaces and coatings is highlighted. The performance of these novel antibiofilm coatings is currently tested by in vitro experiments, which should try to mimic real conditions in the best way, and/or by in situ tests through the immersion of surfaces in marine environments. Both forms present their advantages and limitations, and these factors should be considered when the performance of a novel marine coating requires evaluation and validation. Despite all the advances and improvements against marine biofouling, progress toward an ideal operational strategy has been slow given the increasingly demanding regulatory requirements. Recent developments in self-polishing copolymers and fouling-release coatings have yielded promising results which set the basis for the development of more efficient and eco-friendly antifouling strategies.
Multi-Level Resistive Al/Ga2O3/ITO Switching Devices with Interlayers of Graphene Oxide for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Wang Li-Wen , Huang Chih-Wei , Lee Ke-Jing , Chu Sheng-Yuan , Wang Yeong-Her
Published: June 2023

Recently, resistive random access memory (RRAM) has been an outstanding candidate among various emerging nonvolatile memories for high-density storage and in-memory computing applications. However, traditional RRAM, which accommodates two states depending on applied voltage, cannot meet the high density requirement in the era of big data. Many research groups have demonstrated that RRAM possesses the potential for multi-level cells, which would overcome demands related to mass storage. Among numerous semiconductor materials, gallium oxide (a fourth-generation semiconductor material) is applied in the fields of optoelectronics, high-power resistive switching devices, and so on, due to its excellent transparent material properties and wide bandgap. In this study, we successfully demonstrate that Al/graphene oxide (GO)/Ga2O3/ITO RRAM has the potential to achieve two-bit storage. Compared to its single-layer counterpart, the bilayer structure has excellent electrical properties and stable reliability. The endurance characteristics could be enhanced above 100 switching cycles with an ON/OFF ratio of over 103. Moreover, the filament models are also described in this thesis to clarify the transport mechanisms.
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheats
Authors: Shamanin Vladimir P. , Tekin-Cakmak Zeynep H. , Karasu Salih , Pototskaya Inna V. , Shepelev Sergey S. , Chursin Alexandr S. , Morgounov Alexey I. , Sagdic Osman , Koksel Hamit
Published: June 2023

In this study, 21 synthetic hexaploid wheat samples were analyzed and compared for phenolic content (the Folin–Ciocalteu method), phenolic compositions, and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC). The aim of the study was to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of synthetic wheat lines developed from Ae. Tauschii, which has a wide genetic diversity, to be used in breeding programs for developing new varieties with better nutritional properties. Bound, free, and total phenolic contents (TPCs) of wheat samples were determined as 145.38–258.55 mg GAE/100 g wheat, 188.19–369.38 mg GAE/100 g wheat, and 333.58–576.93 mg GAE/100 g wheat, respectively. Phenolic compositions were detected by the HPLC system. Gallic acid was found in the highest concentrations in free fractions, whereas gallic, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid were generally found in the highest concentrations in bound fractions of the synthetic hexaploid wheat samples. The antioxidant activities (AA%) of the wheat samples were evaluated by the DPPH assay. AA% in the free extracts of the synthetic red wheat samples ranged from 33.0% to 40.5%, and AA% values in the bound extracts of the synthetic hexaploid wheat samples varied between 34.4% and 50.6%. ABTS and CUPRAC analyses were also used to measure antioxidant activities. The ABTS values of the free and bound extracts and total ABTS values of the synthetic wheat samples ranged from 27.31 to 123.18, 61.65 to 263.23, and 93.94 to 308.07 mg TE/100 g, respectively. The corresponding CUPRAC values of the synthetic wheats were between 25.78–160.94, 75.35–308.13, and 107.51–364.79 mg TE/100 g. This study revealed that synthetic hexaploid wheat samples are valuable resources for breeding programs for developing new wheat varieties with higher concentrations and better compositions of health-beneficial phytochemicals. The samples w1 (Ukr.-Od. 1530.94/Ae. squarrosa (629)), w18 (Ukr.-Od. 1530.94/Ae. squarrosa (1027)), and w20 (Ukr.-Od. 1530.94/Ae. squarrosa (392)) can be used as a genetic resource in breeding programs to enhance the nutritional quality of wheat.
Molecular Cues for Phenological Events in the Flowering Cycle in Avocado
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad Umair , Barbier Francois , Hayward Alice , Powell Rosanna , Hofman Helen , Parfitt Siegrid Carola , Wilkie John , Beveridge Christine Anne , Mitter Neena
Published: June 2023

Reproductively mature horticultural trees undergo an annual flowering cycle that repeats each year of their reproductive life. This annual flowering cycle is critical for horticultural tree productivity. However, the molecular events underlying the regulation of flowering in tropical tree crops such as avocado are not fully understood or documented. In this study, we investigated the potential molecular cues regulating the yearly flowering cycle in avocado for two consecutive crop cycles. Homologues of flowering-related genes were identified and assessed for their expression profiles in various tissues throughout the year. Avocado homologues of known floral genes FT, AP1, LFY, FUL, SPL9, CO and SEP2/AGL4 were upregulated at the typical time of floral induction for avocado trees growing in Queensland, Australia. We suggest these are potential candidate markers for floral initiation in these crops. In addition, DAM and DRM1, which are associated with endodormancy, were downregulated at the time of floral bud break. In this study, a positive correlation between CO activation and FT in avocado leaves to regulate flowering was not seen. Furthermore, the SOC1-SPL4 model described in annual plants appears to be conserved in avocado. Lastly, no correlation of juvenility-related miRNAs miR156, miR172 with any phenological event was observed.
Supplementation of the Plant Conditioner ELICE Vakcina® Product with β-Aminobutyric Acid and Salicylic Acid May Lead to Trans-Priming Signaling in Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Virág Eszter , Kiniczky Márta , Kutasy Barbara , Nagy Ágnes , Pallos József Péter , Laczkó Levente , Freytag Csongor , Hegedűs Géza
Published: June 2023

Plant immunological memory, priming, is a defense mechanism that can be triggered by external stimuli, leading to the activation of biochemical pathways and preparing plants for disease resistance. Plant conditioners improve yield and crop quality through nutrient efficiency and abiotic stress tolerance, which is enhanced by the addition of resistance- and priming-induced compounds. Based on this hypothesis, this study aimed to investigate plant responses to priming actives of different natures, including salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid, in combination with the plant conditioning agent ELICE Vakcina®. Phytotron experiments and RNA-Seq analyses of differentially expressed genes using the combinations of these three investigated compounds were performed in a barley culture to investigate possible synergistic relationships in the genetic regulatory network. The results indicated a strong regulation of defense responses, which was enhanced by supplemental treatments; however, both synergistic and antagonistic effects were enhanced with one or two components, depending on the supplementation. The overexpressed transcripts were functionally annotated to assess their involvement in jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling; however, their determinant genes were highly dependent on the supplemental treatments. Although the effects overlapped, the potential effects of trans-priming the two supplements tested could be largely separated.
Alternative Electron Sources for Cytochrome P450s Catalytic Cycle: Biosensing and Biosynthetic Application
Authors: Shumyantseva Victoria V. , Koroleva Polina I. , Bulko Tatiana V. , Agafonova Lyubov E.
Published: June 2023

The functional significance of cytochrome P450s (CYP) enzymes is their ability to catalyze the biotransformation of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. P450 enzymes catalyze regio- and stereoselective oxidations of C-C and C-H bonds in the presence of oxygen as a cosubstrate. Initiation of cytochrome P450 catalytic cycle needs an electron donor (NADPH, NADH cofactor) in nature or alternative artificial electron donors such as electrodes, peroxides, photo reduction, and construction of enzymatic “galvanic couple”. In our review paper, we described alternative “handmade” electron sources to support cytochrome P450 catalysis. Physical-chemical methods in relation to biomolecules are possible to convert from laboratory to industry and construct P450-bioreactors for practical application. We analyzed electrochemical reactions using modified electrodes as electron donors. Electrode/P450 systems are the most analyzed in terms of the mechanisms underlying P450-catalyzed reactions. Comparative analysis of flat 2D and nanopore 3D electrode modifiers is discussed. Solar-powered photobiocatalysis for CYP systems with photocurrents providing electrons to heme iron of CYP and photoelectrochemical biosensors are also promising alternative light-driven systems. Several examples of artificial “galvanic element” construction using Zn as an electron source for the reduction of Fe3+ ion of heme demonstrated potential application. The characteristics, performance, and potential applications of P450 electrochemical systems are also discussed.
A Deconstruction of the Cross and the Crescent for Inclusive Religious Pluralism between Muslims and Christians in Nigeria
Authors: Ajibola Ilesanmi G.
Published: June 2023

The Crescent and the Cross as religious symbols are beyond the mere signification of religious affiliations. They are symbols on which over two hundred years of wars were sustained and are indicative of the religious dichotomy between modern Christianity and Islam across the globe. However, the tangential relationship between the usage of the symbols and the Jihad or the Crusade reeks of memories of fierce competition and unhealed historical memories. The collective memory of the wars fought under the symbols has remained a moniker for conquests and forceful submission. The exclusive propensities of the experiences are evident in the interreligious relation of the adherents of both religions in Nigeria. This article attempts to answer the question of how the exclusive religious disposition underlining most instances of religious crises in the country may be addressed. This article uses deconstructive analysis to strip the symbols and their exclusive religious dispositions for an inclusive religious pluralism model. It argues for the need for a critical rethinking of the exclusive interreligious model operative in the country to facilitate social development and the peaceful co-existence of the adherents of both religions.
The Reciprocal Power of Equitable, Intergenerational Learning: Exploring Perspectives of Undergraduate Students about Engaging in a University–Community Partnership Program
Authors: Cano John , Arya Diana
Published: June 2023

Our qualitative study is a deep exploration into the underexamined notion of engagement with respect to undergraduate students who took up the role of co-researchers within an afterschool program designed to engage young students about environmental issues and sustainability practices. This research program is based on a community-based literacies framework that addresses all members (program leaders, graduate students, undergraduate students, and young students) as co-learners. This study explores the largely unknown experiences of undergraduate students in informal learning contexts, which broadly center youth experiences. We took a critically framed approach (i.e., mindful of institutionalized inequities–known as a kind of silencing—for traditionally marginalized populations) in our analysis of interview responses from 11 undergraduate students involved in an afterschool environmental program for young students living in a Latinx neighborhood in central California. Our analysis involved a two-phase process that began with a general thematic exploration of transcribed interviews followed by in-depth, microlevel transcription of salient instances regarding community engagement. Responses suggest that the community-based context enabled a deep engagement founded on shared cultural practices, life experiences, and engaging in disciplinary projects (e.g., building and planting an edible garden). This study is a contribution to the long-needed insights into the importance of community engagement and leadership experiences during undergraduate learning, particularly for traditionally marginalized students. Findings may be informative to educators and researchers striving to transform college experiences for diverse student populations.
Does Entrepreneurship Policy Encourage College Graduates’ Entrepreneurship Behavior: The Intermediary Role Based on Entrepreneurship Willingness
Authors: Meng Dongni , Shang Yingying , Zhang Xiaoxu , Li Ying
Published: June 2023

With the development of the country’s social and economic transformation, the topic of innovation and entrepreneurship has received widespread attention from society. However, from the current situation, due to the high uncertainty and challenges of entrepreneurship, China’s college graduates’ willingness to start their own business is generally low, and entrepreneurship policy, as a pioneering factor, has an important influence on college graduates’ willingness to start their own business. This study investigates college graduates in more than 20 representative cities, such as Shenyang, Xi’an, and Hangzhou, and examines the influence path and mechanism of entrepreneurship policy on entrepreneurship behavior based on MOA (Model of Attraction) model. This study used SPSS and AMOS to empirically analyze 288 valid questionnaires, verifying that there is a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurship policy, entrepreneurship willingness, and entrepreneurship behavior of college graduates. Entrepreneurship willingness plays a part in mediating the effect between entrepreneurship policy and entrepreneurship behavior, and the willingness to use entrepreneurship policy moderates the path of influence of entrepreneurship policy on entrepreneurship willingness. At the same time, it provides a reference for the promulgation of government entrepreneurship policies and the optimization of the implementation effect of entrepreneurship policy, provides suggestions for universities to improve entrepreneurship education, and has guiding significance for stimulating the entrepreneurship behavior of college graduates.
Does Marketization Promote High-Quality Agricultural Development in China?
Authors: Qi Yang , Gao Mingyue , Wang Haoyu , Ding Huijie , Liu Jianxu , Sriboonchitta Songsak
Published: June 2023

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening, the enhancement in marketization has greatly promoted the development of the Chinese economy. At present, China’s economic development model has shifted from a focus on speed to a focus on quality. Against this background, it is necessary to further promote marketization reform to promote high-quality development in China. This paper begins with an introduction to high-quality agricultural development and the degree of marketization. According to the definitions of high-quality development and marketization, we constructed an index of high-quality agricultural development and an index of marketization degree, respectively. First, we determined the characteristics of high-quality agricultural development in China. There are large regional differences in agriculture development, but these disparities are improving simultaneously, and regional differences are showing a narrowing trend, except for the western region. Then, we measured the impact of marketization reforms on high-quality agricultural development using the Quadratic Assignment Procedure. Based on sample data from 2009 to 2019, this paper found that marketization reform has played a significant role in promoting high-quality agricultural development. The three sub-indicators of non-state-owned economy, factor market, and the market’s level of order, which represent the marketization degree, had significant impacts on reducing regional differences in high-quality agricultural development. Additionally, the effects of these three variables gradually increased, narrowing the regional differences in high-quality agricultural development. Finally, we suggested that promoting the development of a non-state-owned economy, factor market, and the market’s level of order would be an important path to boosting the high-quality development of agriculture.
Iot-Based Privacy-Preserving Anomaly Detection Model for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Kethineni Keerthi , Gera Pradeepini
Published: June 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been incorporated into the majority of people’s everyday lives and places of employment due to the quick development in information technology. Modern agricultural techniques increasingly use the well-known and superior approach of managing a farm known as “smart farming”. Utilizing a variety of information and agricultural technologies, crops are observed for their general health and productivity. This requires monitoring the condition of field crops and looking at many other indicators. The goal of smart agriculture is to reduce the amount of money spent on agricultural inputs while keeping the quality of the final product constant. The Internet of Things (IoT) has made smart agriculture possible through data collection and storage techniques. For example, modern irrigation systems use effective sensor networks to collect field data for the best plant irrigation. Smart agriculture will become more susceptible to cyber-attacks as its reliance on the IoT ecosystem grows, because IoT networks have a large number of nodes but limited resources, which makes security a difficult issue. Hence, it is crucial to have an intrusion detection system (IDS) that can address such challenges. In this manuscript, an IoT-based privacy-preserving anomaly detection model for smart agriculture has been proposed. The motivation behind this work is twofold. Firstly, ensuring data privacy in IoT-based agriculture is of the utmost importance due to the large volumes of sensitive information collected by IoT devices, including on environmental conditions, crop health, and resource utilization data. Secondly, the timely detection of anomalies in smart agriculture systems is critical to enable proactive interventions, such as preventing crop damage, optimizing resource allocation, and ensuring sustainable farming practices. In this paper, we propose a privacy-encoding-based enhanced deep learning framework for the difficulty of data encryption and intrusion detection. In terms of data encoding, a novel method of a sparse capsule-auto encoder (SCAE) is proposed along with feature selection, feature mapping, and feature normalization. An SCAE is used to convert information into a new encrypted format in order to prevent deduction attacks. An attention-based gated recurrent unit neural network model is proposed to detect the intrusion. An AGRU is an advanced version of a GRU which is enhanced by an attention mechanism. In the results section, the proposed model is compared with existing deep learning models using two public datasets. Parameters such as recall, precision, accuracy, and F1-score are considered. The proposed model has accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score of 99.9%, 99.7%, 99.9%, and 99.8%, respectively. The proposed method is compared using a variety of machine learning techniques such as the deep neural network (DNN), convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM).
Improved Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries using a Multilayer Cathode of LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2
Authors: Kang Hyunchul , Kim Youngjin , Yoon Taeho , Mun Junyoung
Published: June 2023

In Li-ion batteries, a thick electrode is advantageous for lowering the inactive current collector portion and obtaining a high energy density. One of the critical failure mechanisms of thick electrodes is inhomogeneous lithiation and delithiation owing to the axial location of the electrode. In this study, it was confirmed that the top layer of the composite electrode contributes more to the charging step owing to the high ionic transport from the electrolyte. A high-loading multilayered electrode containing LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) was developed to overcome the inhomogeneous electrochemical reactions in the electrode. The electrode laminated with LFP on the top and NCM811 on the bottom showed superior cyclability compared to the electrode having the reverse stacking order or thoroughly mixed. This improvement is attributed to the structural and interfacial stability of LFP on top of the thick electrode in an electrochemically harsh environment.
Exploring Employee Readiness for Change in a State Extension System
Authors: Bloir Kirk , Scheer Scott
Published: June 2023

Understanding factors that influence employee readiness for change is essential for successful organizational change. We examined variables linked to employee readiness for change in one state's Extension system. Results revealed high-quality employee-supervisor relationships, neither high nor low levels of resistance to change, and somewhat high levels of readiness for change. Respondents with more years of service, more time working for their current supervisors, and greater resistance to change reported lower levels of readiness for change. We share implications in an effort to help increase successful organizational change efforts.
Gaps in Safe Food Handling Practices of Older Adults
Authors: Yap LeLee , Francis Sarah , Shelley Mack , Montgomery Doris , Lillehoj Catherine
Published: June 2023

We identified gaps in safe food handling practices that may be placing older adults at increased risk of food-borne illness. A convenience sample of 1,019 older adults completed the Food Safety Behavior Questionnaire. Majority groups among participants were those who were female, those who were White, and those who were widowed. Participants had lower adherences to safe practices related to temperature control, attention to sell-by/use-by dates on food packages, and cross-contamination. Adherences were significantly (p < .05) influenced by gender, race/ethnicity, age, marital status, and education. Our findings suggest the need for older adult–focused safe food handling education related to temperature control, product selection practices, and cross-contamination.
National Survey of Extension 4-H Professionals' Perceptions of Professional Development Factors
Authors: Donaldson Joseph , Gallimore Lori , Swanson Doug
Published: June 2023

Our study describes factors that influence Extension 4-H professionals' likelihood of participating in a professional development experience. We used a work group–developed survey to measure the level of influence of nine factors. Through convenience sampling, we obtained 558 responses from 4-H professionals representing all regions of the country and multiple job roles. Cost, location, networking, personal needs, and time were strongly influential. Differences related to job role and years of job experience existed. Our major recommendation is that those creating professional development experiences for 4-H professionals consider both the major influential factors involved and factors of adult development, such as the need for self-directed learning.
(Mis)Communicating with Geographic Information System Mapping: Part 1—Choosing Unit of Representation
Authors: Cantarero Rodrigo , Guzman Maria , Taylor Sarah , Hong Soo , Choi Jeong
Published: June 2023

Extension professionals are increasingly using geographic information system (GIS) technology to develop and inform programs and services. In this article, we use a mapping exercise to demonstrate how the unit of data can be applied and inadvertently misrepresented in GIS mapping. We contrast the use of counts, percentages, and location quotients with the same data and the resulting divergence in maps. The discussion addresses ideal circumstances for using each unit of data. Overall, the article illustrates the need for Extension professionals to be cognizant of the benefits and limitations of various units of data to avoid miscommunication when using GIS mapping.
Informing Business-Related Educational Needs Through Facilitated Roundtable Discussions with Forest Landowners and Service Providers
Authors: Cushing Tamara , Koshollek Alanna , Cloughesy Mike
Published: June 2023

Following a daylong symposium featuring tax-oriented presentations, attendees participated in facilitated roundtable discussions centered on identification of educational needs and challenges associated with the symposium subject matter. Participants discussed their educational needs; challenges related to local, state, and federal tax laws; and recommendations for policy changes. Qualitative data gathered from participants will inform future educational programming and guide discussions about potential policy changes.
Developing a Master Food Volunteer Continuing Education Program: A Model for Volunteer Capacity Building
Authors: Jiles Kristina , Chase Melissa , Hosig Kathy , Wenzel Sophie
Published: June 2023

We developed a master food volunteer (MFV) continuing education program (CEP) for MFVs assisting Extension agents with a diabetes self-management program. Our development process included two phases of pilot testing. First, seasoned MFVs tested and provided formative feedback on the first iteration of the MFV CEP modules. After revising the modules in response to their feedback, we evaluated program effectiveness by comparing pretraining/posttraining score change between MFVs who had completed the training (intervention group) and those who had not (comparison group). All test scores increased for intervention group members, whereas half declined for comparison group members. Our process of developing enhanced education to address program-specific volunteer capacity building has broad applicability.
Tailoring Extension Efforts for Promotion of Diversified Crop Rotation Systems
Authors: Wang Tong , Kasu Bishal , Jacquet Jeffrey , Kumar Sandeep
Published: June 2023

We conducted a survey in the northern Great Plains to better understand farmer-preferred learning sources and formats, influential factors, and challenges related to adoption of diversified crop rotation systems. University Extension was ranked as the second most preferred learning source, lagging only behind other farmers. Most farmers listed short seminars and Extension fact sheets as their most preferred learning formats, and most viewed crop productivity and soil health as the most influential factors for new-practice adoption. Our findings can help Extension educators better facilitate future adoption of diversified cropping systems as a conservation practice.
Successful Collaborations Between Extension and Nonprofits: Factors Contributing to Effective Alliances
Authors: Carnes Chelsea , Jones Jennifer , Pracht Dale , Simonne Eric
Published: June 2023

There are many potential advantages to collaborations between Extension and nonprofit organizations; however, it is unclear what factors contribute to a successful collaboration. We used an exploratory cross-comparative case study design to analyze four cases of highly successful Extension/nonprofit collaborations in one area in Florida. Using both deductive and inductive analysis processes, we identified several factors that contributed to the success of these partnerships: alignment of goals, longevity, informal adaptable partnering, relevant Extension agent background, delegation of tasks, marketability and fun, and relationship building. Exploration of these factors can inform future studies and has immediate, practical implications for Extension agents.
Engage the Future: The New Extension Learners
Authors: Angima Sam , Stokes Ashley
Published: June 2023

Extension has the opportunity to establish itself as a leader in meeting the changing needs of a new generation of learners. With more than a century's experience in developing and delivering successful programs in communities, Extension can equally succeed in leading the land-grant university system in expanding involvement in five critical areas of education today: degree completion and learner success, community and economic development, engagement of underserved populations, engagement of the newest members of the workforce, and promotion of experiential learning. This commentary identifies and reflects the collective views of 26 administrators who participated in an event designed to vision Extension's expanding role in the 21st century.
Los estilos cerámicos de Tilcara durante el primer milenio d. C. Un aporte desde un rescate arqueológico en el barrio de Malka
Authors: Juarez Vanesa Beatriz , Otero Clarisa
Published: June 2023

El hallazgo arqueológico en el domicilio de la familia Carrazana Paredes es uno de los más llamativos en el área de Tilcara (Provincia de Jujuy) por la riqueza en cantidad de elementos cerámicos registrados, así como también por la diversidad de sus atributos, en particular los tecnológicos. La diversidad de alfarería identificada permitió llevar a cabo diferentes análisis que contribuyeron significativamente a un avance en cuanto a la caracterización de los diferentes recipientes con el objetivo de organizar un repertorio morfológico y funcional. Ese repertorio se construyó en base a los diversos hallazgos de contextos aldeanos tempranos, de la misma área, que constituyen actualmente las colecciones del Museo Arqueológico “Dr. Eduardo Casanova”, del Instituto Interdisciplinario Tilcara, FFyL-UBA. Asimismo, esta diversidad se organizó a través del rearmado de las piezas mediante el remontaje, la agrupación de familias de fragmentos y la identificación de piezas diferenciadas del conjunto más homogéneo. Para sumar a la recomposición de los atributos estilísticos se contemplaron aspectos funcionales y rastros de uso de diferentes muestras. La integración de todas estas evidencias permitió generar interpretaciones vinculadas a las formas de consumo durante el primer milenio d. C, así como identificar regularidades y cambios en relación a los conjuntos cerámicos asignables a inicios del segundo milenio.
We see what we want to see: Pitfalls of Perception and Decision-making in Security Management
Authors: Salminen Helvi
Published: June 2023

We human beings are often convinced of having a clear picture of reality and believe ourselves to be thoroughly rational in our thinking and decision-making. However, our perception of reality is limited and prone to errors, and our decision-making is often guided by emotions and instincts instead of facts and rational thinking. If we don’t stop to think we often jump to conclusions based on partial or erroneous information, and eloquently justify our decisions with apparently rational arguments. In many areas of human activities, including security management, limits of perception and errors in decision-making can have harmful, even disastrous consequences. Very often in security management the decision-making process is not sufficiently challenged by critical thinking as decisions are often made hidden behind the veil of secrets. Cognitive biases - systematic errors in thinking affecting decisions and judgments - have been identified and analysed in various contexts, and the results have been applied to improve decision-making processes. However, in the heavily regulated and compliance-dominated world of security management sufficient attention hasn’t been paid to cognitive biases and their impacts. As result of insufficient attention an important risk factor is regularly underestimated. This paper includes an introduction to the concept of cognitive biases and the research on the phenomenon. The biases which in the author’s experience have a particularly harmful impact on security management are described in detail. This introduction is followed by description of scenarios and real-life examples where erroneous perception and decision-making of security actors leads to disasters. De-biasing is the strategy which aims at eliminating or at least limiting of the impact of cognitive biases. This strategy has been successfully implemented in various types of environments. This paper presents ideas how de-biasing strategies could be implemented in security management in order to improve the quality of decision-making.
Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Approach to Teaching and Learning Research Philosophies and Paradigms
Authors: Mkansi Marcia , Mkalipi Ntombi
Published: June 2023

The paper cogitates on the critical advent of 4th IR focusing on the concept of machine learning (ML) underpinned by natural language processing (NLP) to demonstrate how research philosophies and paradigms can be better taught and learned for students' benefit. A systematic literature review was earmarked for its depth and textual inquiry from scholarly arguments. The main purpose of this paper is to aver a progressive technological approach towards better comprehensive research paradigms and philosophies, which are complex domains with diverse variety in higher education and a cause of discomfort for students at post-graduate levels. Using quantitative algorithm, the natural language processing and machine learning-inspired digital model poses questions that place students in a reflexive mode and draws their articulated responses as inputs that model their worldviews against a host of philosophies in the database. The paper revealed that, discordant with previous scholars who advocated for a single philosophical assumption for a field, subject or researcher, such as the existence of a pure positivist and/ or pure interpretivist, purist philosophical assumptions should be challenged to benefit students and academics. It means that the digital discovery of research philosophies and paradigms extends the work of previous theorists to the technologically inspired discovery of episteme, ontology and axiology. By its nature, the use of NLP becomes an advanced channel on how we know what we know and the nature of the reality and values being displayed. The paper contributes to the evocation of deep learning arising from new philosophies and methods. The inquiry-based teaching approach transforms learning from the generic push-teaching method that assumes universality to the fostering of a reflexive approach that helps resolve the deep ideological approaches that caused the polarisation. The manner in which NLP and ML are able to extract information relevant to knowledge or philosophical discovery paves the way for approaches that can lead to the depolarisation and decolonisation of research philosophies, which can ultimately boost the development of research students.
TUYỂN CHỌN CÂY ĐẦU DÒNG HỒNG KHÔNG HẠT BẢO LÂM TẠI TỈNH LẠNG SƠN
Authors: Trường Hà Duy , Tuyết Vũ Thanh
Published: June 2023

Hồng Bảo Lâm là một trong số các nguồn gen quý nổi tiếng bởi hương vị thơm ngon, quả giòn và đặc biệt là không hạt. Trong những năm qua, do không kiểm soát được nguồn giống, sâu bệnh hại nên dẫn tới những vườn hồng Bảo Lâm dần bị suy thoái, không đáp ứng được yêu cầu của thị trường. Với mục đích lựa chọn được những cây ưu tú nhất của giống hồng không hạt Bảo Lâm, đã tiến hành bình tuyển, đánh giá khả năng sinh trưởng, phát triển, năng suất và chât lượng quả trên 50 cây hồng Bảo Lâm (huyện Cao Lộc, tỉnh Lạng Sơn) từ năm 2018 đến năm 2020. Từ phương pháp nêu trên, có 22 cây sinh trưởng khỏe, năng suất cao, ổn định và cho chất lượng quả tốt được Sở Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn tỉnh Lạng Sơn đánh giá, công nhận và sử dụng làm cây đầu dòng, phục vụ cho nhân giống.
ĐÁNH GIÁ TÁC DỤNG KHÁNG KHUẨN VÀ CHỐNG OXY HÓA CỦA CÂY ĐƠN LÁ ĐỎ (EXCOECARIA COCHINCHINENSIS L.) Ở TUYÊN QUANG
Authors: Ngọc Lành Thị , Vân Trần Thị Thanh , Linh Nguyễn Kiều , Hạnh Đàm Thị Bích
Published: June 2023

Nghiên cứu này đã đánh giá hoạt tính kháng khuẩn và chống oxy hóa của cao chiết tổng (EC); các cao chiết phân đoạn: n-hexan (ECH), etyl axetat (ECE) và metanol (ECM) từ lá cây đơn lá đỏ ở Tuyên Quang, kết quả như sau: Cao EC ức chế sự phát triển của 4 chủng vi khuẩn và nấm Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium oxysporum và Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Cao ECH ức chế sự phát triển của 3 chủng Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus và Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Cao ECE thể hiện hoạt tính kháng các chủng Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium oxysporum và Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Và cao ECM kháng các chủng Escherichia coli và Bacillus subtillis với giá trị MIC 200 mg/ml. Cao EC biểu thị khả năng trung hòa gốc tự do SC 65,44 ± 1,2%, tương ứng với SC50 50,32 µg/mL. Trong các cao chiết phân đoạn, cao ECE biểu hiện hoạt tính chống oxi hóa tốt nhất với khi thử nghiệm bằng phương pháp DPPH với khả năng trung hòa gốc tự do SC 72,18 ± 1,1%, tương ứng với SC50 50,32 µg/mL. Nghiên cứu đã góp phần bổ sung và nâng cao giá trị  y học của cây dược liệu quý này.
XÁC ĐỊNH MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN TỚI TÌNH TRẠNG GIÃN MẠCH QUA TRUNG GIAN DÒNG CHẢY ĐỘNG MẠCH CÁNH TAY Ở PHỤ NỮ MÃN KINH CÓ HỘI CHỨNG CHUYỂN HÓA BẰNG SIÊU ÂM 2D
Authors: Loan Lương Thị Hương , Hiền Nguyễn Thị , Hoài Lương Thị Thu , Hoàng Trần Thế , Quyên Nguyễn Thị
Published: June 2023

Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định một số yếu tố liên quan tới tình trạng giãn mạch qua trung gian dòng chảy động mạch cánh tay ở phụ nữ mãn kinh có hội chứng chuyển hóa bằng siêu âm 2D. Phương pháp mô tả cắt ngang thực hiện ở 190 phụ nữ mãn kinh có hội chứng chuyển hóa tuổi từ 48 đến 60 tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên. Tuổi trung bình 57,3 ± 3,3, BMI 24,4 ± 2,3, huyết áp tâm thu 140,5 ± 11,8, huyết áp tâm trương 86,0± 9,7, insulin 16,8 ± 16,5, glucose máu 7,6 ± 3,3, estradiol 20,5 ± 6,4 và testosterone 24,7 ± 6,4. Phụ nữ có hội chứng chuyển hoá có huyết áp tâm thu ≥140 mmHg, có rối loạn glucose lúc đói, đái tháo đường có nguy cơ giảm giãn mạch qua trung gian dòng chảy động mạch cánh tay hơn nhóm còn lại. Phụ nữ mãn kinh có hội chứng chuyển hoá có nồng độ estradiol và testosterone ở tứ phân vị 3 và 4 có nguy cơ giảm giãn mạch qua trung gian dòng chảy động mạch cánh tay cao hơn so với nhóm phụ nữ có nồng độ estradiol và testosterone ở tứ phân vị đầu.
SỰ DAO ĐỘNG CỦA CHỈ TIÊU ĐO TRONG PHÂN LOẠI CỦA Periophthalmus chrysospilos PHÂN BỐ TỪ TRÀ VINH ĐẾN CÀ MAU
Authors: Liêm Châu Sỉ , Quang Đinh Minh , Tôn Nguyễn Hữu Đức
Published: June 2023

Nghiên cứu này cung cấp dẫn liệu về sự ảnh hưởng của một số yếu tố đến đặc điểm hình thái của cá thòi lòi chấm cam Periophthalmus chrysospilos, một loài cá phân bố phổ biến ở vùng bãi bồi ven biển Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Đây là một loài cá phân bố phổ biến ở các tỉnh ven biển Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Tổng số 480 mẫu cá (260 con đực và 220 con cái) được thu tại bốn tỉnh ven biển: Duyên Hải (Trà Vinh), Trần Đề (Sóc Trăng), Đông Hải (Bạc Liêu) và Đầm Dơi (Cà Mau) từ tháng 4 đến tháng 7 năm 2022. Vì ban ngày cá di chuyển rất nhanh nên mẫu cá được thu trực tiếp vào lúc chiều tối tại khu vực bằng cách bắt bằng tay. Kết quả so sánh các thông số hình thái ở loài cá này cho thấy các thống số này ở cá cái lớn hơn so với cá đực (p<0,05), ngoại trừ chiều cao thân tối đa không thay đổi (t=1,94; p=0,05). Tất cả các thông số hình thái ở loài cá này đều có giá trị lớn hơn ở nhóm thành thục (p<0,05). Điều kiện thuận lợi ở mùa mưa có thể là nguyên nhân dẫn đến sự tăng trưởng giá trị hình thái vào mùa mưa so với mùa khô (p<0,05). Tuy nhiên, D1D và D1L không bị ảnh hưởng theo mùa. Nghiên cứu còn cho thấy loài cá này thích nghi tốt với môi trường tại Trà Vinh và Cà Mau do có giá trị hình thái lớn hơn đáng kể so với hai khu vực còn lại (p<0,05). Kết quả cung cấp thêm thông tin sử dụng cho định loại và sự thích nghi sinh thái của loài cá này trong hệ sinh thái.
KẾT QUẢ PHỤC TRÁNG GIỐNG LÚA BẢN ĐỊA TẺ MÈO TẠI TỈNH SƠN LA
Authors: Lĩnh Tạ Hồng , Hà Chu Đức , Tính Phạm Văn , Linh Tạ Thị Diệu
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu nhằm chọn lọc và phục tráng giống lúa bản địa Tẻ mèo tại tỉnh Sơn La phục vụ nhu cầu sản xuất. Kết quả thu thập 200 mẫu cá thể đã xây dựng được bảng mô tả về 33 đặc điểm nhận dạng của giống lúa Tẻ mèo Sơn La. Chọn lọc phục tráng vụ thứ nhất đã chọn được 44 (trên tổng số 200) dòng cá thể G0 mang đặc điểm nông sinh học và các yếu tố cấu thành năng suất trong phạm vi sàng lọc để phát triển thành quần thể G1. Kết quả phân tích kiểu hình kết hợp với đánh giá kiểu gen đã lựa chọn được 10 (trên tổng số 44) dòng cá thể G1 để tạo lập quần thể G2. Tiếp theo, nghiên cứu đã chọn lọc được 8 (trên tổng số 10) dòng cá thể G2 nổi trội, bao gồm TM1-12, 21, 42, 55, 60, 125 và 127 để tạo hạt siêu nguyên chủng. Giống lúa Tẻ mèo Sơn La sau khi phục tráng có thành phần dinh dưỡng và chất lượng tốt và ổn định. Tóm lại, kết quả của nghiên cứu này đã cung cấp những dẫn liệu quan trọng để bảo tồn và phát triển giống lúa Tẻ mèo tại các địa phương.