bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of late-type Class I stars using Gaia DR3 Apsis parameters
Authors: Messineo Maria
Published: January 2023

Aims. We examined the Gaia DR3 GSP-Phot and GSP-Spec parameters of known K- and M-type stars of Class I luminosity to make a comparison with the parameters collected from the literature to assess their accuracy and their potential in setting stellar classifications of intrinsically bright late-types that have been unknown thus far. Gaia DR3 GSP-Phot and GSP-Spec parameters were generated by the astrophysical parameters inference software (Apsis).

Methods. In the Gaia DR3 catalog, there are about 40,000 entries with Apsis parameters that are similar to those of known red supergiants (RSGs), good parallaxes, and infrared 2MASS and WISE data. In using parallactic distances, infrared photometry, and variability information, only 203 new entries were found with luminosities and temperatures similar to that of known RSGs and G-band amplitudes smaller than 0.5 mag. Their low-resolution BP/RP spectra were compared with an empirically built spectral library of BP/RP spectra of known bright late-type stars, including C-rich, S-type, O-rich asymptotic giant branch stars (AGBs) and RSGs, to obtain their spectral types.

Results. Among them, 15 S-type stars were identified based on peculiar absorption features attributed to ZrO and LaO visible in their BP/RP spectra, along with 1 S/C star and 9 C-rich stars by their strong CN absorption bands. K- and M-types can be reproduced with an accuracy of two subtypes. In addition, 20 new RSGs have been confirmed, of which 6 have bolometric magnitudes that are brighter than those of the AGB limit: 2MASS J21015501+4517205, 2MASS J16291280-4956384, 2MASS J10192621-5818105, 2MASS J20230860+3651450, 2MASS J17084131−4026595, and 2MASS J16490055−4217328. The flag for C-rich stars of the Gaia DR3 LPV pipeline is erroneously positive for some RSGs and, thus, a visual inspection of the BP/RP spectra is mandatory.
Numerical study of NMR relaxation responses in synthetic clayey sandstone by dual-scale modeling
Authors: Cui Yingzhi , Shikhov Igor , Arns Christoph
Published: January 2023

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry is a common technique for petrophysical characterization of sedimentary rocks. The standard interpretation of NMR relaxation response assumes that the fast diffusion limit is valid for the whole pore space, allowing to translate transverse relaxation components into pore apertures. However, porous media naturally exhibit multiple length scales. The diffusion between different sized pores may modify the transverse relaxation rate, weakening the relationship with corresponding pore size populations. Focusing on sandstones, we investigate the impact of diffusion coupling on transverse relaxation depending on kaolinite amount, spatial distribution and temperature. A series of synthetic clayey sandstone models with different clay amounts and morphological distributions (pore-lining, pore-filling and laminated) are generated based on a micro-CT image of an actual Bentheimer sandstone. A dual-scale random walk NMR relaxation simulation with resolved multi-porosity kaolinite models is utilized to avoid problems in near to interface exchange regions typical for effective medium representations. Simulations provide spatially resolved dynamics of magnetization exchange between different porosity populations. The results indicate that increased temperature and kaolinite clay amount with lower micro-porosity allows higher magnetization exchange between micro- and macro- porous regions. Pore-lining clay demonstrates stronger diffusional coupling effects, leading to an overestimation of micro-porosity. We further discuss the impact of diffusion coupling on NMR-estimated permeability via SDR and Coates models.
Fast wettability assessment on small rock samples using a 3D, high-resolution, image-based Amott-like test
Authors: Repina Maria , Brugidou Regis , Dufour Alexandre , Rivenq Richard
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we propose a new experimental set-up to carry out a full Amott-like cycle on small core samples (4 mm. diameter, 15 mm. length), imaged with a high-resolution micro-CT scanner. We conduct this experiment on two core samples from a carbonate reservoir. Each step of the cycle was followed by a 3D highresolution scan along the entire sample length and analysed using digital image-processing algorithms. The characterization of wettability is based on multiple criteria: a) a pseudo-wettability index, analogous to the Amott-Harvey index, calculated from both resolved and unresolved pores; b) experimental observations during the spontaneous phases, and c) analysis of the spatial fluid distribution in the pore space. This new type of experiment has several advantages: a) it respects the experimental sequence of the industry standard Amott test, yet with a significantly reduced test duration; b) it provides complementary information describing the spatial distribution of the fluids in the visible pore network during spontaneous and forced phases; c) it is less sensitive to imaging resolution than existing approaches based on topological characteristics and contact angles.
Pore-scale Analysis of CO2-brine Displacement in Berea Sandstone and Its Implications to CO2 Injectivity
Authors: Sun Guangyuan , Sun Zhuang , Fager Andrew , Crouse Bernd
Published: January 2023

For storage in deep saline formations, where CO2 is injected into the pore spaces of rocks previously occupied by saline groundwater (brine), relative permeability is a key input parameter for predictive models. CO2 injectivity is considered to reach the maximum value at the CO2 endpoint relative permeability when brine saturation becomes irreducible. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of viscosity ratio, interfacial tension and wettability on relative permeability during CO2-brine drainage. A multiphase lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is employed to numerically measure pore-scale dynamics in CO2-brine flow in the sample of Berea sandstone. CO2/brine with interfacial tension from 30 to 45 mN/m and viscosity ratio from 0.05 to 0.17 (the range of values expected for typical storage reservoirs conditions) are carried out to systematically assess the influence on the relative permeability curves. Although CO2 storage in sandstone saline aquifers is predominantly water wet, there are contradictory results as to the magnitude of the contact angle and its variation with fluid conditions. Therefore, the range of wetting conditions is studied to gain a better insight into the effect of wettability on supercritical CO2 displacement. In this study, it is observed that interfacial tension variations play a trivial impact while both of viscosity ratio and wettability are likely to have a significant effect on relative permeability curves under representative condition of storage reservoirs. We also perform a near-wellbore scale geomechanics analysis to investigate the impact of relative permeability on CO2 injectivity. The result shows that water-wet condition facilitates the CO2 injection when there is no fracture induced.
Efficient catalytic hydrogen generation from formic acid dehydrogenation on ultrafine PdAu nanoparticles supported on modified carbon derived from rice straw
Authors: Qu Jin , Wang Hongli , Wang Zelong , Zhang Jingjing , Zhao Zhankui
Published: January 2023

Formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation at ambient conditions is a promising route for hydrogen (H2) generation but still suffers from low activity and selectivity. Here, potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) modified porous carbon derived from the pyrolysis of rice straw (RSNPC) offers an effective support to promote the formation of ultrafine PdAu nanoparticles (NPs). Benefiting from the small sizes of PdAu NPs, the Pd0.7Au0.3/RSNPC catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance for FA dehydrogenation reaction with a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 6794.3 mol H2 mol catalyst−1 h−1 at ambient conditions, outperforming most of reported catalysts for FA dehydrogenation under similar conditions.
Editorial
Authors: Ewertsen Caroline
Published: January 2023

It is my great pleasure to welcome the first issue of Ultrasound International Open
in 2022 even though 2023 is approaching.
Hundegestützte Interventionen für Menschen mit chronifiziert psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Mohaupt Meike
Published: January 2023

Hunde lassen im Umgang mit Klient*innen oft das Eis schmelzen: Sie erleichtern den Beziehungsaufbau, wirken entspannend und verbessern so die Lebensqualität von Menschen mit einer psychischen Erkrankung. Welche Voraussetzungen, Ziele und Wirkungen tiergestützte Interventionen im Rahmen Sozialer Arbeit haben, schildert unsere Autorin.
Das äußere Erscheinungsbild von Pflegenden in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Jansen Heike
Published: January 2023

Welche Kleidung ist im Arbeitsalltag angemessen? Wie trägt das äußere Erscheinen zur Beziehungsgestaltung bei? Und ist weiße Dienstkleidung tatsächlich out? Antworten liefern wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und ein Interview mit einem Diplom-Pflegewissenschaftler zu Kleidung, Schmuck und Co in der psychiatrischen Pflege.
Titan – ein zementierbarer Werkstoff für die Endoprothetik
Authors: Jaenisch Max , Wirtz Dieter Christian
Published: January 2023

Die Vorteile von Titanlegierungen gegenüber den herkömmlichen Stahl-, Kobalt-Chrom- und
Chrom-Nickel-Legierungen als Material für Endoprothesen sind eine gute Dauerschwingfestigkeit,
eine exzellente Biokompatibilität, ein niedrigeres Elastizitätsmodul und eine hohe
Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Teilweise schlechte klinische Ergebnisse, vermutlich ausgelöst durch
Spaltkorrosion, haben jedoch zu einer verminderten Benutzung geführt. Um einen sicheren
Einsatz zu gewährleisten, sollte das Design optimiert werden (ausreichender proximaler
Durchmesser, proximaler Kragen), um übermäßige Verformungen besonders im proximalen Anteil zu
reduzieren, und auf eine raue Oberfläche (Ra > 2,5 µm) verzichtet werden. Eine
Weiterführung der Forschung über Oberflächenbearbeitung, wie z. B. eine
Silikat-/Silan-Beschichtung, könnte weitere Verbesserungen bewirken.
Methacholine and FeNO Measurement in Patients with Habit
Cough
Authors: Woelke Sandra , Szelenyi Alexandra , Dreßler Melanie , Trischler Jordis , Donath Helena , Hutter Martin , Blümchen Katharina , Zielen Stefan
Published: January 2023

Background Chronic cough is one of the most common symptoms in childhood.
Making a definite diagnosis is a challenge for all pediatricians especially in
patients when cough is without an organic cause like in habit cough.

Patients and Methods In this retrospective analysis, all electronic
outpatient charts of the Division of Allergology and Pneumology, between January
1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were reviewed in order to study all children with
potential habit cough. All children underwent the following diagnostic
algorithms, skin prick test (SPT), measurement of fractional exhaled nitric
oxide (FeNO), spirometry and methacholine challenge test (MCT). The value of a
normal MCT and FeNO measurement for diagnosing habit cough was investigated.

Results The chart review revealed 482 patients with chronic
cough>4 weeks. Of these, 99 (20.5%) with suspected habit cough
were collected. 13 patients had to be excluded for other diagnosis and a
complete data set was available in 55 patients. 33 (60.0%) of 55
patients were SPT negative and 22 (40.0%) had sensitization to common
allergens. Five patients had elevated FeNO≥20 ppb and three showed
severe bronchial hyperresponsiveness<0.1 mg methacholine,
challenging the diagnosis of habit cough.

Conclusion A normal FeNO and MCT can help confirm the clinical diagnosis
of habit cough. However, in patients with positive MCT and/or elevated
FeNO habit cough can be present. Especially in patients with elevated FeNO and
severe BHR cough variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis have to be ruled
out.
Efficient and Scalable Syntheses of 1,2-Thiaselenane-4-amine and 1,2-Thiaselenane-5-amine
Authors: Zeisel Lukas , Thorn-Seshold Oliver , Maier Martin S.
Published: January 2023

The first regioselective syntheses of 1,2-thiaselenane-4-amine (TSA4) and 1,2-thiaselenane-5-amine (TSA5) are developed. Both are redox motifs with high value in chemical biology that until now were hindered by tedious synthesis. An aziridine intermediate and a kinetically controlled S-acylation were leveraged for regioselective chalcogen installations. Short, fast sequences were optimised with just one or two chromatographic steps that cheaply deliver these motifs on scale for high throughput inhibitor screening, and thus provide a robust methodology for assembling other selenenyl sulfides.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Imidazoles via α-C–H/N–H Annulation of Alicyclic Amines
Authors: Dutta Subhradeep , Bhatt Kamal , Seidel Daniel , Cuffel Fabian
Published: January 2023

Secondary alicyclic amines are converted into their corresponding ring-fused imidazoles in a simple procedure consisting of oxidative imine formation followed by a van Leusen reaction. Amines with an existing α-substituent undergo regioselective ring-fusion at the α′-position. This method was utilized in a synthesis of fadrozole.
Association between Elevated Intrauterine Resting Tone during Labor and Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Rimsza Rebecca R. , Raghuraman Nandini , Carter Ebony B. , Kelly Jeannie C. , Cahill Alison G. , Frolova Antonina I.
Published: January 2023

Objective Internal contraction monitoring provides a quantitative assessment of intrauterine resting tone. During the course of labor, elevated intrauterine resting tone may be identified. We hypothesized that elevated intrauterine resting tone could lead to compression of the spiral arteries, thus limiting uterine blood flow and resulting in neonatal compromise. Therefore, our objective was to assess the association between elevated resting tone during labor and neonatal morbidity.

Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of singleton deliveries at ≥37 weeks of gestation. Patients with ruptured membranes and an intrauterine pressure catheter in place for at least 30 minutes prior to delivery were included. Intrauterine resting tone was calculated as the average baseline pressure between contractions during the 30 minutes prior to delivery. The study group had elevated intrauterine resting tone, defined as intrauterine resting tone ≥75th percentile (≥12.3 mm Hg). Primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity: hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, hypothermia treatment, intubation, seizures, umbilical arterial pH ≤7.1, oxygen requirement, or death. Secondary outcomes included umbilical artery pH <7.2, lactate ≥4 mmol/L, and rates of neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Results Of the 8,580 patients in the cohort, 2,210 (25.8%) met the inclusion criteria. The median intrauterine resting tone was 9.7 mm Hg (interquartile range: 7.3–12.3 mm Hg). Elevated resting tone was associated with a shorter median duration of the first stage of labor (10.0 vs. 11.0 hours, p < 0.01) and lower rates of labor induction and oxytocin augmentation (p < 0.01). Neonatal composite morbidity was higher among patients with elevated intrauterine resting tone (5.1 vs. 2.9%, p = 0.01). After adjusting for chorioamnionitis and amnioinfusion, elevated intrauterine resting tone was associated with increased risk of neonatal morbidity (adjusted odds ratio: 1.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.74).

Conclusion Our findings suggest that elevated intrauterine resting tone is associated with increased risk of neonatal composite morbidity.

Key Points
Risk Factors for Keratoconus Progression in Children Compared with Young and Middle-aged Adults
Authors: Sideroudi Haris , Flockerzi Elias , Jullien Theresia , Hamon Loïc , Seitz Berthold
Published: January 2023

Background To investigate the risk factors for keratoconus progression in children (10 – 18 years old; age group 1) compared to young adults (19 – 35 years old; age group 2) and
middle-aged adults (36 – 55 years old; age group 3).

Patients/Methods Ninety-seven children, 445 young adults, and 342 middle-aged adults underwent total ophthalmic examination including clinical refraction, slit lamp examination,
corneal tomography, eye biometry, and biomechanical properties measurements. Comparisons were assessed among three age groups and between progressive and nonprogressive eyes. Logistic
regression was applied to determine the potential prognostic factors for keratoconus progression in the three age groups.

Results Univariate logistic regression analysis show that the most prominent factors associated with progression were corneal posterior vertical radius (RVP), eye rubbing (RUB), slit
lamp corneal thinning (SLT), contact lens use (CL), and central corneal thickness (CCT) in all age groups. Additionally, the anterior chamber volume (ACV) and keratoconus match index (KMI)
were associated with progression in age group 1. Location of the thinnest corneal thickness at the vertical axis (TCTy), distance from apex to the thinnest point (BADISTAPEX), scissor
reflection in retinoscopy (SKIAREFLEX), and Vogt striae were associated with progression in age group 2, and TCTy, anterior and posterior asphericity (ASPA and ASPP, respectively),
BADISTAPEX, SKIAREFLEX, and Vogt striae were associated with progression in age group 3. The multivariate model with the highest predictability indicated RVP, ACV, and SLT as independent
determinants of progression in age group 1 (AUC: 90%, sensitivity: 88.9%, specificity: 90.9%), RVP, ACV, SLT, and SKIAREFLEX in group 2 (AUC: 81.6%, sensitivity 88.5%, specificity: 70.3%),
and RVP, SLT, Vogt striae, and CL in age group 3 (AUC: 80%, sensitivity 82.8%, specificity: 73%).

Conclusion ACV and KMI seem to play a major role in the progression of pediatric KC compared to adults. This is probably due to different anatomical and biomechanical characteristics
of a childʼs eye globe.
Cluster of Differentiation 44 Expression in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Study from South India
Authors: Bhavikatti Ayesha , Channigaramaiah Guruprasad , Chikkannaiah Panduranga , Venkataramanappa Srinivasamurthy
Published: January 2023

Introduction Cancer stem cell markers are now being tried in various cancers as prognostic markers including GI cancer but these kinds of studies are sparse in Indian population.

Materials and Methods This study conducted over a period 50 months. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were screened for grading of the tumor, extent of invasion of tumor, confirmation of metastasis, and staging was done. Immunohistochemical expression of CD44 was graded on the basis of percentage of tumor cells positive for staining. Statistical analysis was done and results were tabulated.

Results: A total of 40 cases of GI cancer were studied. Ascending colon (37.5%) was the common site involved, 37 cases (92.5%) showed invasion beyond the muscularis externa. Most tumors were poorly differentiated (37.5%). Also, 50% of lymph nodes showed tumor deposits. The majority of the cases were in stage II (40%). There was a significant correlation between histopathological type of differentiation with lymph node metastasis and staging of tumor, lymph node metastasis also had significant association with staging.

Grade 2, CD 44 expression was most common followed by Grade 3. Significant association was observed between histopathological differentiations of tumor with CD44 expression. Tumors that are invading beyond muscularis externa and lymph node-positive cases showed moderate to high CD44 expression.

Conclusion CD44 expression was significantly noted in poorly differentiated tumors. Increased expression was also noted in cases of tumors invading beyond muscularis externa and lymph node metastasis. Combination of CSC markers will increase the sensitivity and specificity and predict better overall survival in GI tumors.
Laparoscopic Heller–Dor Is a Persistently Effective Treatment for Achalasia Even in Pediatric Patients: A 25-Year Experience at a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Provenzano Luca , Pulvirenti Rebecca , Duci Miriam , Capovilla Giovanni , Costantini Andrea , Forattini Francesca , Gamba Piergiorgio , Costantini Mario , Fascetti-Leon Francesco , Salvador enato
Published: January 2023

Background Esophageal achalasia (EA) is a rare primary motility disorder in any age group, and particularly rare in the pediatric population, with a reported incidence of 0.18 per 100,000 children a year. EA in pediatric age is currently treated in the same way as in adults, but this approach is based on only a few studies on small case series. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term outcome of the laparoscopic Heller–Dor (LHD) procedure when performed in pediatric patients with EA at our university hospital.

Materials and Methods We considered children and adolescents younger than 16 years old diagnosed with EA and treated with LHD between 1996 and 2022. Clinical data were prospectively collected in an ongoing database. Symptoms were recorded and their severity was calculated using the Eckardt score. Barium swallow, esophageal manometry (conventional or high-resolution), and endoscopy were performed before and after the surgical procedure.

Results During the study period, 40 children with a median age of 14 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 11–15) underwent LHD. At a median follow-up of 10.5 years (IQR: 4.5–13.9), a good outcome was achieved in 36/40 patients (90%). Two of the four patients whose surgical procedure failed underwent complementary pneumatic dilations successfully, thus increasing the overall success rate to 95%. A previous endoscopic treatment (in five patients) did not affect the final outcome (p = 0.49). An intraoperative mucosal lesion was detected in only one patient (2.5%) and was repaired at the time without further consequences. During the follow-up, 22 patients underwent endoscopy, and 17 had pH monitoring as well: only 2 of these patients showed reflux esophagitis at endoscopy (one of them with abnormal findings on pH monitoring), amounting to a 9.1% rate of instrumentally confirmed postoperative reflux.

Conclusion LHD is a safe and persistently effective treatment for EA in pediatric age, with a success rate comparable with what is usually obtained in adults, and better than what has been reported to date in the pediatric literature. Adding a fundoplication certainly helps ensure an optimal long-term control of any gastroesophageal reflux induced by the myotomy.
Association of Renal Function (Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate) with the Number of Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children with Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Zhou Guanglun , Jiang Man , Zhu Wenbin , Liu Xiaodong , Sun Junjie , Li Shoulin
Published: January 2023

Introduction Our objective was to evaluate whether renal function, assessed as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is associated with the number of febrile urinary tract infections (FUTIs) in children diagnosed with neurogenic bladder (NB).

Materials and Methods Clinical information of patients diagnosed with NB was prospectively collected between January 2013 and January 2022. Episodes of FUTI were recorded during the follow-up period, and the eGFR was calculated based on the serum cystatin C level. Grading (G1–G5) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was conducted as described by the eGFR.

Results In total, 463 children were included in the final analysis (265 males and 198 females; mean age: 23 months). The median follow-up time was 51 months. A total of 302 children had four or more FUTIs and 161 children had none to three FUTIs. The incidence of developing CKD G3 to G5 gradually increased from the first to third (1.3–2.4%) episodes of FUTI and drastically increased after four episodes (≥ 22.5%), with the incidence recorded to be 100% after eight FUTIs. The odds of CKD G3 to G5 in children with four FUTIs were 17.3 and 43.7 times greater after four and six FUTIs, respectively, than in children with one FUTI.

Conclusion This study showed that recurrent FUTIs are common in children with NB and that the risk of rapid progression to CKD G3 to G5 increases substantially after four or more FUTIs episodes.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Transplantation in Sprague–Dawley Rats with Sensorial Neural Hearing Loss
Authors: Rawiwet Visut , Vijitruth Rattanavijit , Thonabulsombat Chareonsri , Vongsavan Kutkao , Sritanaudomchai Hathaitip
Published: January 2023

Objectives The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) regeneration after dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation in a rat sensorineural hearing loss (HL) model.

Materials and Methods Sham or experimental HL was induced in adult Sprague–Dawley rats by cochlear round window surgery. An HL rat model was established with a single 10 mM ouabain intratympanic injection. After 7 days, the rats received DPSCs, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), or culture medium in the sutural area to establish four groups: sham, HL-DPSC, HL-SHED, and HL-medium. Histological analyses were performed at 4, 7, and 10 weeks after transplantation, and the number of SGNs, specific SGN protein expression, and the function of SGNs were evaluated.

Statistical Analysis Data were statistically by MS Excel and SPSS v.15.0. Intergroup level of significance was determined via a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test with 95% confidence intervals.

Results New SGN formation was observed in the HL-DPSC and HL-SHED rat groups. The number of SGNs was significantly higher in the HL-DPSC and HL-SHED groups than in the HL-medium group over 4 to 10-week survival period. HL-DPSC rats exhibited higher SGN density compared with that in HL-SHED group, which was statistically significant at week 10. The regenerated SGNs expressed cochlear wiring regulator GATA-binding-protein 3. Moreover, the SGNs from the HL-DPSC group also exhibited a higher expression of synaptic vesicle protein and regulated action potential-dependent neurotransmitter release compared with SGNs from the HL-SHED group.

Conclusions Our findings suggest that DPSCs and SHED repair and regenerate SGNs in rat HL model. Dental pulp stem cells represent a promising treatment strategy for restoring damage to the sensory circuits associated with deafness.
Perovskite colloidal quantum-dot enhanced graphene/silicon heterojunction with improved ultraviolet response
Authors: Tan Yimei , Mu Ge , Rao Tianyu , Luo Yuning , Zhao Pengfei , Chen Menglu , Tang Xin
Published: January 2023

Silicon (Si) is a mature semiconductor detection material because of its appropriate bandgap, high reliability, and low-cost manufacturing process. However, the detection range of Si-based photodetectors is mainly restricted to visible and near-infrared (NIR) ranges. Broadening the detection range of Si-based detectors to ultraviolet (UV) could ignite numerous applications, including flame detection, defense safety, and environmental monitoring. Here, the obtained perovskite colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with high quality are integrated with a Si/graphene heterojunction to broaden and improve response. By the electrical coupling mechanism between graphene and QDs, the built-in potential in detectors is maximized. As a result, the devices exhibit a high UV responsivity of 0.33 A W−1 at 210 nm, 0.73 A W−1 at 400 nm, and a superior detectivity of nearly 1012 Jones under the UV region. Aside from that, the performance of devices under visible and NIR ranges is also dramatically improved compared to that of the one without perovskite QDs.
Faraday rotation in nonreciprocal photonic time-crystals
Authors: He Huan , Zhang Sihao , Qi Jiwei , Bo Fang , Li Huanan
Published: January 2023

Faraday rotation is one of the most classical ways to realize nonreciprocal photonic devices like optical isolators. Recently, the temporal analog of Faraday rotation, achieved through time-interfaces, was introduced [Li et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 173901 (2022)]. Here, we extend this concept to the periodic switching regime by introducing nonreciprocal photonic time-crystals (NPTC), formed by switching material properties of a spatially homogeneous magnetoplasma medium periodically in time. Based on a temporal transfer matrix formalism, we study the NPTC band structure and show that temporal Faraday rotation can be achieved in both momentum bands and (partial) bandgaps. When combined with the bandgaps of the NPTCs, the temporal Faraday effect can enable a unidirectional wave amplifier by extracting energy from the modulation. Our study expands the catalog of photonic time-crystals (PTCs), forging a link between photonic nonreciprocity and parametric gain and shedding light on unexplored functionalities of PTCs in wave engineering.
Universal scaling theory of electrochemical immunosensors: An analytical approach to define and compare performance metrics
Authors: Fratus Marco , Alam Muhammad A.
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical immunosensors have emerged as a versatile, sensitive, and selective sensor technology of choice for a variety of applications, including detection of proteins, food pathogens, bacteria, viruses, and cancerous molecules. The combination of highly specific biorecognition elements and electrical readout systems facilitates the detection of antigens down to femtomolar concentrations. However, a lack of quantitative theoretical framework has made the design, optimization, and comparison of sensors difficult, without a clear and definitive understanding of the limits of detection, dynamic range, and sensitivity. In this paper, we integrate reaction-diffusion and effective media theories to derive a generalized scaling model for an arbitrary immunosensor that relates the relative change of redox current to the corresponding change in antigen concentration, through scaling exponents related to the geometry of biomolecules diffusion and the measurement resolution. Experimental data from dozens of immunosensors (for a variety of antigens, material systems, and sensor geometry) validate our sensor-agnostic scaling formula. Our results would allow cross-calibration of the emerging and traditional immunosensors reported across the literature and define a physics-based, standardized methodology to compare performance metrics, such as limits of detection, dynamic range, and sensitivity.
Allelochemicals extract of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) modulates wheat growth through alterations in anatomical architecture
Authors: Shah Syed Mohsan Raza , Fatima Sana , Hameed Mansoor , Basharat Sana , Ahmad Muhammad Sajid Aqeel , Ahmad Farooq , Asghar Ansa , Anwar Majid , Yasmin Fozia , Ashraf Muhammad , Shafqat Jazab
Published: January 2023

Context Allelopathy is recognised as a potential technology to control weeds, and could also be a suitable approach for enhancement of crop yield. Aims The study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic role of Averrhoa carambola leaf extract on growth, anatomical and physiological features of three wheat lines, namely 3094, 7076 and A2011. Methods Three dilutions i.e. 0% (control), 15% and 30% of the leaf aqueous extract were applied at 15 day intervals (total five applications) on wheat lines until maturity. Key results All wheat lines showed differential behaviour to allelochemicals of A. carambola leaf extract. Increased root area was accompanied by a high proportion of storage parenchyma tissues and enlarged vascular bundles in line 3094. Disintegration of root cortical parenchyma and complete transformation of chlorenchyma into sclerenchyma in stem was recorded in all wheat lines, particularly at the highest concentration of leaf extract. Line 7076 showed very different behaviour, as it possessed a proportionally enlarged root cortex, enlarged stem vascular bundles and increased leaf thickness, primarily at the highest concentration of leaf extract. Line A2011 was relatively more sensitive, indicating a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in root and stem area and deformed leaves. Conclusions A low concentration (15%) of leaf extract promoted growth and development, whereas a higher concentration caused significant reduction in growth and anatomical attributes. Implications A lower dose of Averrhoa leaf extract promoted growth and development in all wheat lines, and hence can be used as a growth promoter. A higher concentration is important for eradicating unwanted plants.
Allee effect considerations to support the spatial management of a sedentary marine species: the queen conch (
Authors: Morris Ricardo A. , Hernández-Flores Alvaro , Aranceta-Garza Fernando , Cuevas-Jiménez Alfonso , Kitson-Walters Kimani
Published: January 2023

Context Density-dependent marine sedentary species exhibit heterogeneous distribution in response to biological needs and exploitation. Sustainable management requires consideration of factors influencing this distribution, including Allee effects and source–sink dynamics. Aim This study investigates the implications of the Allee effect and source–sink dynamics in the management of a sedentary species, queen conch (Aliger gigas) on the Pedro Bank Jamaica. Method We used spatial analysis of spatio-temporal survey data obtained over an 11-year period to determine spatial distribution and preferences. A depensation model along with knowledge of the connectivity of the population was used to model the Allee effect and define source and sink areas. Key results We found that mate-finding Allee effects and exploitation are major drivers of source–sink dynamics in this population. Sources (the effective spawning stock) consisted of less than 30% of total adult population and were being driven to a low-density stable state because of intensification of the Allee effect from high exploitation. Conclusions Management must explicitly consider Allee effects and source–sink dynamics to avoid overestimations of stock productivity and spatial mismatches of biological and management units. Stocks should be managed well above determined critical-density thresholds because stocks are unlikely to recover once they fall below them.
White-tailed deer (
Odocoileus virginianus
) may serve as a wildlife reservoir for nearly extinct SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Authors: Caserta Leonardo C. , Martins Mathias , Butt Salman L. , Hollingshead Nicholas A. , Covaleda Lina M. , Ahmed Sohel , Everts Mia R. R. , Schuler Krysten L. , Diel Diego G.
Published: January 2023

The spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to white-tailed deer (WTD) and its ability to transmit from deer to deer raised concerns about the role of WTD in the epidemiology and ecology of the virus. Here, we present a comprehensive cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence, genetic diversity, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in WTD in the State of New York (NY). A total of 5,462 retropharyngeal lymph node samples collected from free-ranging hunter-harvested WTD during the hunting seasons of 2020 (Season 1, September to December 2020, n = 2,700) and 2021 (Season 2, September to December 2021, n = 2,762) were tested by SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT–PCR (rRT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 17 samples (0.6%) from Season 1 and in 583 samples (21.1%) from Season 2. Hotspots of infection were identified in multiple confined geographic areas of NY. Sequence analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 164 samples demonstrated the presence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages and the cocirculation of three major variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Gamma, and Delta) in WTD. Our analysis suggests the occurrence of multiple spillover events (human to deer) of the Alpha and Delta lineages with subsequent deer-to-deer transmission and adaptation of the viruses. Detection of Alpha and Gamma variants in WTD long after their broad circulation in humans in NY suggests that WTD may serve as a wildlife reservoir for VOCs no longer circulating in humans. Thus, implementation of continuous surveillance programs to monitor SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in WTD is warranted, and measures to minimize virus transmission between humans and animals are urgently needed.
A usage-based diachronic study of translated terminology
Authors: Dong Xiaona , Wei Xiangqing , Liu Runze
Published: January 2023

The essential attributes and pragmatic features of terms are reflected in their actual use. The diachronic dimension of terminology use has become a major concern in recent decades; however, few considerations are given to the use of translated terminology. In this paper, we report on a diachronic study on the use of the translated Chinese term zibenhua (资本化, capitalisation/capitalise) under Cabré’s theory of doors. We built a corpus by collecting the texts containing the translated term zibenhua from the People’s Daily (1950–2019) to investigate the changes in its use and the potential reasons for these changes. A usage-based methodology for researching the translated terminology is also described.
Fabrication of Z-scheme Cd0.85Zn0.15S/Co9S8 dual-functional photocatalyst for effective hydrogen evolution and organic pollutant degradation
Authors: Liu Shurong , Xue Xiaodong , Feng Rui , Zhang Ning , Zhang Xue , Zhao Yanxia , Sun Meng , Yan Tao , Wei Qin
Published: January 2023

A Z-scheme Cd0.85Zn0.15S/Co9S8 (CZS-CS) photocatalyst was reasonably fabricated by a simple solvothermal method for the effective visible-light-driven H2 evolution and organic pollutants degradation. The precise construction of the CZS-CS composites provided an efficient heterogeneous contact interface and abundant reaction sites for the proposed photocatalytic reaction. The homogeneous Co9S8 nanocrystals were uniformly wrapped on the surface of Cd0.85Zn0.15S nanorods, forming an intimate-contact interface, markedly contributed to the light collection and effectively inhibited the charge-carrier recombination. The optimized CZS-CS-15 composites exhibited a special H2 production rate reaching 19.15 mmol·h−1·g−1, roughly 1915 and 4.5 times of pure Co9S8 and Cd0.85Zn0.15S samples and 85% of tetracycline (TC) molecule within 15 min was degraded. Furthermore, trapping experiments confirmed that h+ was the main active species for TC photodegradation. Moreover, the obtained photocatalysts manifested stability without apparent activity declines during the proposed reactions. Finally, the Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was verified to illustrate the characteristics of efficient charge transfer and high redox ability. This study provided a rational and learnable strategy for designing dual-functional Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.
Filament structure of random waves
Authors: Tacy Melissa
Published: January 2023

We investigate the small-scale equidistribution properties of random waves, u, in

R

n

. Numerical evidence suggests that such objects display a fine scale filament structure. We show that the x-ray of

|

u

|

2

along any line segment is uniformly equidistributed. So any limiting behaviour must be weaker than L
2 scarring. On the other hand, we show that at Planck scale in phase space there are (with high probability) logarithmic fluctuations above what would be expected given equidistribution. Taken together these results suggest that the filament structure may be a configuration space echo of the phase-space concentrations.
Method for measuring the low-frequency sound power from a complex sound source based on sound-field correction in a non-anechoic tank
Authors: Xu Hongzhe , Li Qi , Tang Rui , Shang Dajing
Published: January 2023

Similar to air reverberation chambers, non-anechoic water tanks are important acoustic measurement devices that can be used to measure the sound power radiated from complex underwater sound sources using diffusion field theory. However, the problem of the poor applicability of low-frequency measurements in these tanks has not yet been solved. Therefore, we propose a low-frequency acoustic measurement method based on sound-field correction (SFC) in an enclosed space that effectively solves the problem of measuring the sound power from complex sound sources below the Schroeder cutoff frequency in a non-anechoic tank. Using normal mode theory, the transfer relationship between the mean-square sound pressure in an underwater enclosed space and the free-field sound power of the sound source is established, and this is regarded as a correction term for the sound field between this enclosed space and the free field. This correction term can be obtained based on previous measurements of a known sound source. This term can then be used to correct the mean-square sound pressure excited by any sound source to be tested in this enclosed space and equivalently obtain its free-field sound power. Experiments were carried out in a non-anechoic water tank (9.0 m × 3.1 m × 1.7 m) to confirm the validity of the SFC method. Through measurements with a spherical sound source (whose free-field radiation characteristics are known), the correction term of the sound field between this water tank and the free field was obtained. On this basis, the sound power radiated from a cylindrical shell model under the action of mechanical excitation was measured. The measurement results were found to have a maximum deviation of 2.9 dB from the free-field results. These results show that the SFC method has good applicability in the frequency band above the first-order resonant frequency in a non-anechoic tank. This greatly expands the potential low-frequency applications of non-anechoic tanks.
Recent progress on fabrication and flat-band physics in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides moiré superlattices
Authors: Huang Xinyu , Han Xu , Dai Yunyun , Xu Xiaolong , Yan Jiahao , Huang Mengting , Ding Pengfei , Zhang Decheng , Chen Hui , Laxmi Vijay , Wu Xu , Liu Liwei , Wang Yeliang , Xu Yang , Huang Yuan
Published: January 2023

Moiré superlattices are formed when overlaying two materials with a slight mismatch in twist angle or lattice constant. They provide a novel platform for the study of strong electronic correlations and non-trivial band topology, where emergent phenomena such as correlated insulating states, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum anomalous Hall effect are discovered. In this review, we focus on the semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) based moiré systems that host intriguing flat-band physics. We first review the exfoliation methods of two-dimensional materials and the fabrication technique of their moiré structures. Secondly, we overview the progress of the optically excited moiré excitons, which render the main discovery in the early experiments on TMD moiré systems. We then introduce the formation mechanism of flat bands and their potential in the quantum simulation of the Hubbard model with tunable doping, degeneracies, and correlation strength. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges and future perspectives of this field.
Review of phonons in moiré superlattices
Authors: Li Zhenyao , Lai Jia-Min , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2023

Moiré patterns in physics are interference fringes produced when a periodic template is stacked on another similar one with different displacement and twist angles. The phonon in two-dimensional (2D) material affected by moiré patterns in the lattice shows various novel physical phenomena, such as frequency shift, different linewidth, and mediation to the superconductivity. This review gives a brief overview of phonons in 2D moiré superlattice. First, we introduce the theory of the moiré phonon modes based on a continuum approach using the elastic theory and discuss the effect of the moiré pattern on phonons in 2D materials such as graphene and MoS2. Then, we discuss the electron–phonon coupling (EPC) modulated by moiré patterns, which can be detected by the spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the phonon-mediated unconventional superconductivity in 2D moiré superlattice is introduced. The theory of phonon-mediated superconductivity in moiré superlattice sets up a general framework, which promises to predict the response of superconductivity to various perturbations, such as disorder, magnetic field, and electric displacement field.
Gate tunable spatial accumulation of valley-spin in chemical vapor deposition grown 40°-twisted bilayer WS2
Authors: Zhao Siwen , Shao Gonglei , Han Zheng Vitto , Liu Song , Zhang Tongyao
Published: January 2023

The emerging two-dimensional materials, particularly transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are known to exhibit valley degree of freedom with long valley lifetime, which hold great promises in the implementation of valleytronic devices. Especially, light–valley interactions have attracted attentions in these systems, as the electrical generation of valley magnetization can be readily achieved — a rather different route toward magnetoelectric (ME) effect as compared to that from conventional electron spins. However, so far, the moiré patterns constructed with twisted bilayer TMDs remain largely unexplored in regard of their valley spin polarizations, even though the symmetry might be distinct from the AB stacked bilayer TMDs. Here, we study the valley Hall effect (VHE) in 40°-twisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown WS2 moiré transistors, using optical Kerr rotation measurements at 20 K. We observe a clear gate tunable spatial distribution of the valley carrier imbalance induced by the VHE when a current is exerted in the system.
Experimental characterization of a fast X-ray spectroscopic imager module using the ALTAIR P3 ASIC for real-time contaminants detection
Authors: Quercia J. , Mele F. , Macera D. , Arcaini B. , Garavelli B. , Bertuccio G.
Published: January 2023

X-ray imagers with spectroscopic capabilities and high photon count rates are finding promising applications in industrial real-time inspection systems. In this context, XSpectra® combines a CdTe-based linear energy-resolved photon counting (ERPC) pixel sensor with real-time image processing techniques to detect low and high density contaminants. The detection unit makes use of a new analog read-out ASIC that has been designed by Politecnico di Milano to meet strict application requirements both in energy resolution and achievable photon count rate. A room-temperature low-rate spectroscopic characterization of the system at a peaking time of 60 ns showed an average equivalent noise charge of 259 electrons r.m.s. (2.72 keV FWHM in CdTe) and an average FWHM of the 59.5 keV 241Am line of 3.6 keV, with a 3σ dispersion in noise performance of ±10% over 256 channels. The detection unit was tested in high incoming photon flux conditions by means of an X-ray tube. Minimal spectral distortion due to pile-up events is obtained up to an Incoming Count Rate of 2.5 Mcps/channel, while the maximum counting capability of energy-resolved events is 2.2 Mcps/channel.
Analog performance of the CROCv1 pixel readout chip for the CMS Phase-2 Tracker Upgrade
Authors: Papadopoulos A.
Published: January 2023

The CROCv1 front-end (FE) chip was designed by the RD53 collaboration for the CMS Phase-2 Inner Tracker Upgrade. It is designed to cope with the extreme radiation and hit rates of the HL-LHC and it is based on the 65 nm CMOS technology and a novel analog FE design featuring linear charge to Time-over-Threshold conversion. In this contribution, the characterization measurements of the analog part of the chip are presented with a special focus on the linear analog FE, including Total Ionizing Dose radiation damage studies.
Planar fiber-chip-coupling using angle-polished polarization maintaining fibers
Authors: Schneider M. , Garcia Herrera L.A. , Burger B. , Eisenblätter L. , Kühner T.
Published: January 2023

We report on our latest developments of a planar fiber-chip-coupling scheme, using angle polished, polarization maintaining (PM) fibers. Most integrated photonic chip components are polarization sensitive and a suitable way to launch several wavelength channels with the same polarization to the chip is the use of PM fibers. Those impose several challenges at processing and handling to achieve a stable, permanent, and low-loss coupling. We present the processing of the fibers in detail and experimental results for our planar and compact fiber-chip-coupling technique.