bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy of Placospongia Gray, 1867 from Northern and Northeastern Brazil, with description of two new species (Porifera: Demospongiae: Clionaida)
Authors: SANDES JOANA , MORAES FERNANDO , MURICY GUILHERME
Published: January 2024

The demosponge genus Placospongia includes 13 valid species, of which six occur in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. In the present study, we describe two new species of Placospongia from Northern (off the Amazon River mouth) and Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf and oceanic islands (i.e., Fernando de Noronha Archipelago), viz., Placospongia beatrizae sp. nov. and Placospongia amphinolastra sp. nov., and redescribe the holotype of Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973, a poorly known species. In addition, we revise the Brazilian records of the allegedly cosmopolitan species P. carinata, P. melobesioides and P. intermedia, and provide new records of P. colombiensis and P. ruetzleri from Brazil. We demonstrate that P. carinata sensu Coelho & Mello-Leitão and P. intermedia sensu Muricy & Moraes and Jimenez et al. belong in fact to P. ruetzleri, and that P. melobesioides sensu Mothes et al. and González-Farías is a new species, described here as Placospongia beatrizae sp. nov. With the description of the two new species and synonymyzation of previous records, six species of Placospongia are currently known in Brazilian waters, two of which are endemic. A key to Placospongia species is also provided.
Shell-based genus-level reclassification of the Family Vasidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda)
Authors: VERMEIJ GEERAT J.
Published: January 2024

The neogastropod family Vasidae comprises a small group of Late Eocene to Recent neogastropods with large, often ornate shells. A new, shell-based morphological classification of the family is proposed, in which ten genera are recognized: Altivasum Hedley, 1914, Aristovasum gen. nov. (type species: Turbinella cassiforme Kiener, 1840), Florivasum gen. nov. (type species: Turbinella tubifera Anton, 1838), Globivasum Abbott, 1950 (type species: Turbinella nuttingi Henderson, 1919, but expanded here), Hystrivasum Olsson & Petit, 1964 (type species: Vasum horridum Heilprin, 1887), Rhinovasum gen. nov. (type species: Voluta rhinoceros Gmelin, 1791), Siphovasum Rehder & Abbott, 1951, Tudivasum Rosenberg & Petit, 1987, Vasum Röding, 1798 (here restricted to a reef-associated group of three species typified by Murex turbinellus Linnaeus, 1758), and Volutella Perry, 1810 (here resurrected from synonymy with Vasum, type species Voluta muricata Born, 1778). Biogeographically the Vasidae exhibit a deep divergence between the Atlantic-East Pacific and Indo-West Pacific realms dating to the Early Miocene.
A new genus and new species of sucking louse (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Enderleinellidae) from the particoloured flying squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger) in Laos, and an updated identification key to enderleinellid genera
Authors: DURDEN LANCE A. , BEATI LORENZA , GREIMAN STEPHEN E. , ABRAMOV ALEXEI V.
Published: January 2024

Hylophthirus spinosus, new genus and new species (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Enderleinellidae), is described from specimens collected from the particoloured flying squirrel, Hylopetes alboniger in Khammouane Province, Laos (Lao People’s Democratic Republic). Both sexes of the new louse are illustrated with stacked microphotographs, scanning electron micrographs and line drawings. An updated morphological identification key to the six genera (Atopophthirus, Enderleinellus, Hylophthirus, Microphthirus, Phthirunculus and Werneckia) now recognised within the family Enderleinellidae is presented. The new genus is unique within the Enderleinellidae in having massive spines (modified setae) on some abdominal sternites, partially bulbous 5th antennal segments, mesothoracic spiracles borne on protuberances and the morphology of the genitalia of both sexes. Tables showing all genera of sucking lice that include species parasitising sciurids (squirrels, chipmunks, susliks and marmots), and all known species of enderleinellids, with their known host associations and geographical distributions are included and briefly discussed in relation to the new genus and species.
Review of the spider wasp genus Episyron Schiødte, 1837 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from India, with description of three new species
Authors: ANJU K. , KUMAR P. GIRISH , THEJASS P.
Published: January 2024

The spider wasp genus Episyron Schiødte, 1837 is reviewed, with five species recorded from various parts of India along with three new species described and illustrated from Kerala: E. keralaensis Anju, Girish Kumar & Thejass, sp. nov., E. nigrocalcarius Anju, Girish Kumar & Thejass, sp. nov., and E. rufotibius Anju, Girish Kumar & Thejass, sp. nov. Diagnosis of species occurring in India, comparisons of new species with congeners and a key to the Indian species also are provided.
If it bleeps it leads? Media coverage on cyber conflict and misperception
Authors: Makridis Christos , Maschmeyer Lennart , Smeets Max
Published: January 2024

What determines media coverage on cyber conflict (CC)? Media bias fostering misperception is a well-established problem in conflict reporting. Because of the secrecy and complexity surrounding cyber operations (COs), where most data moreover come from marketing publications by private sector firms, this problem is likely to be especially pronounced in reporting on cyber threats. Because media reporting shapes public perception, such bias can shape conflict dynamics and outcomes with potentially destabilizing consequences. Yet little research has examined media bias systematically. This study connects existing literature on media reporting bias with the CC literature to formulate four theoretical explanations for variation in reporting on COs based on four corresponding characteristics of a CO. We introduce a new dataset of COs reporting by the private sector, which we call the Cyber Conflict Media Coverage Dataset, and media reporting on each of these operations. Consequently, we conduct a statistical analysis to identify which of these characteristics correlate with reporting quantity. This analysis shows that the use of novel techniques, specifically zero-day exploits, is a highly significant predictor of coverage quantity. Operations targeting the military or financial sector generate less coverage. We also find that cyber effect operations tend to receive more coverage compared to espionage, but this result is not statistically significant. Nonetheless, the predictive models explain limited variation in news coverage. These findings indicate that COs are treated differently in the media than other forms of conflict, and help explain persistent threat perception among the public despite the absence of catastrophic cyberattacks.
Assessing the mechanical properties of out-of-specification additive manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V powder recycled through field-assisted sintering technology (FAST)
Authors: Weston Nicholas Samuel , Premoli Dennis , Childerhouse Thomas , Blanch Oliver Levano , Jackson Martin
Published: January 2024

A gas atomised Ti-6Al-4V powder, classified as out-of-specification for additive manufacturing (AM), was consolidated via Field-Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST). Fully dense 250 mm diameter discs with lamellar or bimodal microstructures were produced by FAST processing either above or below the β-transus temperature. Static and dynamic mechanical properties were assessed by testing full-size specimens in the ‘as-FAST’ condition. Material from both processing conditions exceeded the ASTM Ti-6Al-4V powder metallurgy requirements for yield/tensile strength and elongation. Furthermore, material from the edge of the disc processed below the β-transus temperature meets ASTM requirements for wrought Ti-6Al-4V. Fatigue performance also compared favourably with conventionally processed Ti-6Al-4V. This work establishes that surplus AM powders can be successfully recycled via the one-step FAST process and provides confidence that this ASTM-grade material can be used in a range of applications under both static and dynamic loading, which will improve the sustainability credentials of the AM sector.
Virtual reality–based simulation for assessing building fire safety design
Authors: Fu Rong , Zhang Cheng , Kan Ruizhe , Liu Yu , Seo Hyungjoon
Published: January 2024

Spatial design greatly influences fire evacuation in buildings. Although existing works have comprehensively assessed building spatial design in terms of building circulation, they overlooked how the building layout and emergency signage system affect occupants’ attention allocation during fire emergencies. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework to investigate the effectiveness of building evacuation impacted by building spatial design by integrating building information model (BIM), fire simulation, and virtual reality (VR) technology. A case study was carried out to evaluate building spatial design in terms of building circulation and emergency signage. The results demonstrated that when the signage sizes were relatively small but the spacing and placement heights were reasonable, participants were able to recognize and follow the guide. However, insufficient continuity caused the participants to waste much effort searching for helpful information on evacuation-irrelevant objects, reducing fire evacuation efficiency. Moreover, the signage placed at a higher position has a positive effect on route choice.
Understanding Teachers’ Ethnic-Racial Socialization Practices with Students in Schools: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Saleem Farzana , Howard Lionel C. , Schmidt-Temple Cameron , Langley Audra , Howard Tyrone
Published: January 2024

Ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) is essential for youth of color to navigate the racialized world. There is a need to understand teachers’ practices as an extension of family-based ERS. This study explores teachers’ ERS engagement with African American and Latine adolescents attending two large, diverse high schools. Two 90-minute focus groups were conducted ( n = 15), utilizing thematic analysis and inter-coder agreement. Teachers reported nuanced ERS messages and methods. Facilitators and barriers ranged from macro (i.e., institutional), meso (i.e., community), and micro-level (i.e., personal). Findings are understood within congruency or distinction from parental ERS with implications for teacher practices within urban schools.
Impact of Ascaris lumbricoides infection on the development of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with COPD
Authors: Toychiev Abdurakhim , Gafner Natalya , Belotserkovets Vera , Sekler Dildora , Tashpulatova Shakhnoza , Osipova Svetlana
Published: January 2024

The aetiopathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the possible influence of Ascaris lumbricoides on the development of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in patients with COPD. The prevalence of A. lumbricoides in patients with COPD with CPA (19.05%) was significantly higher than that in those without (9.20%) and controls (4.9%) ( p < 0.05). Trends in levels of Interleukin-1β and of tumour necrosis factor α suggest ascariasis increases susceptibility to Aspergillus sp. in patients with COPD and can be considered an additional risk factor for CPA.
The Association of Geographic Congruence With Postrelease Substance Use and Reincarceration
Authors: Bunting Amanda M. , Tillson Martha , Staton Michele
Published: January 2024

This research examined consistency in living in the same geographical area pre- and post-incarceration as a predictor of postrelease substance use and recidivism. Data from a 2018–2020 cohort of the Criminal Justice Kentucky Treatment Outcome Study ( n = 935) were analyzed. Rural–urban congruence compared the county an individual reported living in prior to incarceration to the county they reported living in at the time of their follow-up. Logistic regressions examined the relationship between postrelease reentry supports and rural–urban congruence with outcomes. Postrelease, 41% of individuals were urban–urban congruent, 43% rural–rural congruent, and 16% incongruent. No differences were found for postrelease substance use. Congruent individuals were more likely to be reincarcerated during follow-up. For rural-congruent individuals, this relationship was influenced by employment. Specifically, they were less likely to be employed postrelease, which increased risk of reincarceration. The current research suggests that postrelease employment challenges may be partially driving recidivism risk among rural-congruent individuals.
Referentiality of Generic Structures: Critique of Capitalist Urban Development in Works of Ludwig Hilberseimer, Archizoom, and Dogma Studio
Authors: Mačkić Tijana , Stamenović Pavle
Published: January 2024

This article is based on the analysis of the referential relationship within three concepts for the development of the urban matrix: High-rise City by Ludwig Hilberseimer (1924), No-Stop City by studio Archizoom Associati (1969), and Stop City by architectural office DOGMA (2007). The three projects represent a critique of the growth and development of the city within the economic system and the sociocultural context of the time. This research argues that each project finds its formal expression through referencing the former, adopting the programmatic, formative, and linguistic structures, which enable the reading of the authors’ interpretations and positions in relation to the generic properties of the urban matrix. Furthermore, the research aims to reveal the referential relationship between the aforementioned projects by comparing the critical positions they represent and the elements that constitute them.
How “original” are Netflix Original films? Mapping and understanding the recycling of content in the age of streaming cinema
Authors: Cuelenaere Eduard
Published: January 2024

This article examines Netflix’s recycling content strategies in the era of streaming cinema. It starts from the assumption that because of the different institutional logic at work in the land of SVODs, the affordances that recycled content brings may not be as effective (and necessary) as it has been in Hollywood. Using a database-centered approach, we analyze 658 Netflix Original films. Between 2015 and 2022, Netflix released 440 non-recycled Originals, showcasing a commitment to offering a high quantity of niche films. The dataset equally shows that the percentage of recycled films (33%) follow a linear upward pattern, highlighting the persistence of conservative content strategies. More specifically, (re-)adaptations constituted the biggest chunk of recycled content (68%), as these allow the streamer to quickly fill its catalog with recyclable IP. Netflix’s inclination toward sequels (16%), spin-offs (6%), and prequels (2%) aligns with its sequelization strategy, while also leveraging its own IP. Remakes (8%) play a less significant role, likely due to the relatively young age of Netflix’s content library. The article concludes that Netflix may, in fact, be less of a disruptive force to the film industry in terms of the diversity of its content creation, prompting further recycling of existing properties.
Ketamine for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: Double-blind active-controlled crossover study
Authors: Glue Paul , Neehoff Shona , Beaglehole Ben , Shadli Shabah , McNaughton Neil , Hughes-Medlicott Natalie J
Published: January 2024

Background:

The N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine has rapid onset antidepressant activity in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Aims:

To evaluate mood rating, safety and tolerability data from patients with TRD treated with ketamine and the psychoactive control fentanyl, as part of a larger study to explore EEG biomarkers associated with mood response.

Methods:

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of intramuscular racemic ketamine in 25 patients with TRD, using a double-blind active-controlled randomized crossover design. Ketamine doses were 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, and the psychoactive control was fentanyl 50 mcg, given at weekly intervals.

Results/outcomes:

Within 1 h of ketamine dosing, patients reported reduced depression and anxiety ratings, which persisted for up to 7 days. A dose–response profile for ketamine was noted for dissociative side effects, adverse events and changes in blood pressure; however, changes in mood ratings were broadly similar for both ketamine doses. Overall, 14/25 patients (56%) were responders (⩾50% reduction at 24 h compared with baseline) for either ketamine dose for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and 18/25 (72%) were responders for the HADS-anxiety scale. After fentanyl, only 1/25 (HADS-depression) and 3/25 (HADS-anxiety) were responders. Ketamine was generally safe and well tolerated in this population.

Conclusions:

Our findings add to the literature confirming ketamine’s activity against depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with TRD.
Role of α1-GABAA receptors in the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus in models of opioid reward, anxiety, and depression
Authors: Li Chen , McElroy Bryan D , Phillips Jared , McCloskey Nicholas S , Shi Xiangdang , Unterwald Ellen M , Kirby Lynn G
Published: January 2024

Background:

The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT))-mediated system plays an important role in stress-related psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. Our previous studies showed that stress and drug exposure can modulate the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-5-HT system via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors. Moreover, GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonergic DRN neurons is required for stress-induced reinstatement of opioid seeking.

Aim/methods:

To further test the role of GABAA receptors in the 5-HT system in stress and opioid-sensitive behaviors, our current study generated mice with conditional genetic deletions of the GABAA α1 subunit to manipulate GABAA receptors in either the DRN or the entire population of 5-HT neurons. The GABAA α1 subunit is a constituent of the most abundant GABAA subtype in the brain and the most highly expressed subunit in 5-HT DRN neurons.

Results:

Our results showed that mice with DRN-specific knockout of α1-GABAA receptors exhibited a normal phenotype in tests of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as swim stress-induced reinstatement of morphine-conditioned place preference. By contrast, mice with 5-HT neuron-specific knockout of α1-GABAA receptors exhibited an anxiolytic phenotype at baseline and increased sensitivity to post-morphine withdrawal-induced anxiety.

Conclusions:

Our data suggest that GABAA receptors on 5-HT neurons contribute to anxiety-like behaviors and sensitivity of those behaviors to opioid withdrawal.
Evaluating the cost of NP-led vs. GP-led primary care in British Columbia
Authors: Contandriopoulos Damien , Bertoni Katherine , McCracken Rita , Hedden Lindsay , Lavergne Ruth , Randhawa Gurprit K.
Published: January 2024

In 2020, British Columbia (BC) opened four pilot Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Clinics (NP-PCCs) to improve primary care access. The aim of this economic evaluation is to compare the average cost of care provided by Nurse Practitioners (NPs) working in BC’s NP-PCCs to what it would have cost the government to have physicians provide equivalent care. Comparisons were made to both the Fee-For-Service (FFS) model and BC’s new Longitudinal Family Physician (LFP) model. The analyses relied on administrative data, mostly from the Medical Services Plan (MSP) and Chronic Disease Registry (CDR) via BC’s Health Data Platform. Results show the cost of NPs providing care in the NP-PCCs is slightly lower than what it would cost to provide similar care in medical clinics staffed by physicians paid through the LFP model. This suggests that the NP-PCC model is an efficient approach to increase accessibility to primary care services in BC and should be considered for expansion across the province.
Prevalence of Tooth Resorptive Lesions in 120 Feline Dental Patients in Israel
Authors: Cohen-Mivtach Erez
Published: January 2024

Tooth resorption (TR) is a common dental condition seen in domestic cats, with a reported prevalence of 29-37.5% in clinically healthy cats and 60.8-67% in cats presenting for dental problems. Radiological and medical records of 120 cats that underwent dental treatment at a private veterinary clinic in Israel between October 2015 and February 2023 were reviewed. Records in which full-mouth radiographs had been obtained were included in the study. Radiographs were screened for TR according to the AVDC classification. Teeth affected by TR were identified in 79/120 (66%) cats. The mean age of cats with TR and non-TR was 8.3 and 6.2 years, respectively. The median age of the TR and non-TR cat populations was 8 and 7 years, respectively. A correlation was found between the number of teeth affected per cat and the age in TR cats. Cats 10 years of age and older, had a TR prevalence of 83.3%. The teeth most commonly affected by TR (82.3%) were the mandibular fourth premolar teeth (308,408).
Intraoral Radiographic Study of the Pulp Cavity of the Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus Oxyrinchus)
Authors: Albuquerque Gabrielle Silvestre R.C. , Maia Karoline , Prescinotto Thiago , Ferreira da Silva Junior Marco Antônio , Silva Marcos Vinicius , Bruno Carlos Eduardo Malavasi
Published: January 2024

The shortfin mako shark ( Isurus oxyrinchus) is a large pelagic predator that inhabits coastal and ocean waters. It has several teeth arranged in rows that run from the rostral to the lingual face. These teeth are in several stages of maturation, where the teeth closest to the rostral face are more mature and functional and the teeth closest to the lingual face are still in development. The tooth supply of the shark is unlimited throughout its life. The mechanism of tooth replacement follows that, when the front teeth are discarded physiologically, the posterior teeth replace it. This study us used a head and dental arch of I. oxyrinchus. Intraoral radiographs were obtained with the aim to show details of the pulp cavity. The study concluded that the pulp diameter varies according to the stage of dental maturation.
The sex-map as didactic object: Ontonorms in Swedish sex education
Authors: Cardell David , Lindgren Anne-Li
Published: January 2024

This study explores the ‘sex-map’, a didactic object developed in Sweden. The analysis focuses on teacher guidelines and an animated movie for classroom use and how the sex-map becomes a method for emphasizing students as actors in defining sexuality. Building on Mol’s notion of ontonorms, the emphasis is on ways in which the ontology of young sexuality is associated with arguments about what is ‘good’ in and for sex education. The sex-map incorporates ideal students’ experiences, discoveries, and positive feelings. Via students, a critique is mounted against one-path sexuality, underscoring the importance of ‘good’ non-hierarchical sexuality as exemplary sex education.
Internationalizing Chinese standards through infrastructure experimentation: Engineering a pumped storage hydropower project in Israel
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Tilt Bryan , Zhang Shaozeng
Published: January 2024

This ethnographic study examines the implementation of Chinese engineering standards in a multinational pumped storage hydropower project in Israel. Using an ethnographic approach, the study investigates how Chinese standards are negotiated, accepted or rejected within local engineering practice and how Chinese engineers experience the international adoption of their knowledge. We find that although the adoption of Chinese practice-based standards lags behind Western principle-based knowledge in institutional spheres, the gap between the two has started to narrow on an individual level. We also show how the personal lives of Chinese engineers are affected by, and, in turn, have an impact on the standard practices of Belt and Road Initiative projects. The international adoption of Chinese standards is a multi-layered process of infrastructure experimentation on the ground rather than a top–down slogan. Our research broadens the discussion of engineering standards in energy transition and highlights how knowledge and practice flow, or fail to flow, from the infrastructure periphery to its centre, potentially reshaping global energy construction paradigms.
Insurmountable enemies or easy targets? Military-themed videogame ‘translations’ of weaponized artificial intelligence
Authors: Qiao-Franco Guangyu , Franco Paolo
Published: January 2024

International relations scholarship has long emphasized that popular culture can impact public understandings and political realities. In this article, we explore these potentials in the context of military-themed videogames and their portrayals of weaponized artificial intelligence (AI). Within paradoxical videogame representations of AI weapons both as ‘insurmountable enemies’ that pose existential threats to humankind in narratives and as ‘easy targets’ that human protagonists routinely overcome in gameplay, we identify distortions of human–machine interaction that contradict real-world scenarios. These distortions revolve around videogames affording players enhanced human agency to dominate AI weapons to offer enjoyable gameplay, contradicting the same weapons being intended to diminish human agency on real-world battlefields. By leveraging the Actor-Network Theory concept of ‘translation’, we explain how these distorted portrayals of AI weapons are produced by entanglements between heterogeneous human and non-human actors that aim to make videogames mass-marketable and profitable. In so doing, we echo game studies research that calls for greater attention to the commercial and ludic dimensions of videogames so that international relations scholarship can better account for pop culture’s bounded abilities to impact public understandings and political realities.
MG Hector Plus Entry in India: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Agarwal Ranjana , Nisa Syeedun , Kumar Saurabh
Published: January 2024

India’s robust gross domestic product (GDP) growth, combined with a burgeoning demand for automobiles and favourable government policies, attracted international players to the market. In 2019, MG Motor made its foray into the Indian automotive sector, capitalizing on a welcoming business environment. The company introduced two vehicles and had plans to launch its third, the Hector Plus. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the Indian landscape when a nationwide lockdown was enforced on 24 March 2020. This directly impacted MG Motor and the broader economy. Simultaneously, the strain in cross-border relations between India and China influenced consumer sentiment. In response to these evolving conditions, MG Motor India revamped its strategies. This case delves into how MG Motor India adapted its strategies in light of these changes, utilizing societal marketing approaches to navigate environmental challenges. We aim to examine the following questions within this case study: What business environment did MG Motor India confront in this transformed scenario? How did the ongoing COVID-19 situation affect MG Motor India’s sales? And will the electric variant of MG Hector Plus prove successful in the Indian market?
Science Journalism Study Gap Between Global North and GCC Countries: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Tripathi Sangeeta , Ben Said Foued
Published: January 2024

The present study shows that science journalism does not move beyond its traditional borders; however, the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries emphasize science and technological development enough. Therefore, bibliometric analysis has been adopted to examine science journalism research gaps in the GCC countries. The result indicates a substantial keyword issue and a gap in science journalism research in North global countries and GCC countries. This research paper is a must-read in the typical scarcity of science journalism research in GCC countries. Furthermore, this paper can be a reference document for policymakers and course developers in the science communication field.
Hard Rain
Authors: Denzin Norman K. , Spry Tami
Published: January 2024

Patti Smith’ performance of Bob Dylan’s “A Hard Day Rain’s a-Gonna Fall” at the 2016 Nobel Prize ceremony illustrates the complex relationship between bodies, selves, emotion, biographies, voices, performances, and written texts.1
Comparative study of ventilation techniques with supraglottic airway devices in cats: volume-controlled vs pressure-controlled techniques
Authors: Niyatiwatchanchai Nutawan , Rattanathanya Hathaipat , Thengchaisri Naris
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This study compared the effectiveness of a new supraglottic airway device (SGAD) in cats undergoing anaesthesia using two types of mechanical ventilation: volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV).

Methods

A total of 13 healthy cats (five male, eight female; median age 2 years [range 1–3]) were randomly allocated to either VCV or PCV. Five tidal volumes (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 ml/kg) and five peak inspiratory pressures (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 cmH2O) were randomly applied with a minute ventilation of 100 ml/kg/min. Various parameters, such as blood pressure, gas leakage, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) and work of breathing (WOB), were measured while using VCV or PCV.

Results

The occurrence of hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure <60 mmHg) was slightly less frequent with VCV (38 events, 65 ventilating sessions) than with PCV (40 events, 65 ventilating sessions), but this difference did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.429). The number of leakages did not differ between the VCV group (3 events, 65 ventilating sessions) and the PCV group (3 events, 65 ventilating sessions) ( P = 1.000). Hypercapnia was identified when using VCV (10 events, 65 ventilating sessions) less frequently than when using PCV (17 events, 65 ventilating sessions), but this difference did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.194). The study found a significantly higher WOB in the PCV group compared with the VCV group ( P <0.034).

Conclusions and relevance

The present results suggested that both VCV and PCV can be used with an SGAD during anaesthesia, with VCV preferred for prolonged mechanical ventilation due to its lower workload. Adjusting tidal volume or inspiratory pressure corrects hypercapnia.
Inferred vision: An analysis of the commentators’ descriptions of players’ visual perceptions and intentions during volleyball broadcasts
Authors: Akiya Naonori
Published: January 2024

This study explores how inferential description relates to expert knowledge by analyzing commentators’ inferential descriptions of players’ visual perceptions and intentions during live volleyball match broadcasts. The analysis revealed that even when the commentator could not provide the viewer with detailed visual evidence of what, when, and how the player perceives their surroundings, they could still make inferences about the player’s visual perception based on their own knowledge. The inference is made to show that a particular play was created with some intention. In addition, such inferential descriptions of visual skills, which conceptually link the player’s perceptions and intentions, are often contrasted with descriptions based on ‘popular vision’. These practices clarify the commentators’ expertise. These findings advance the theory of sports expertise in media studies and science and technology studies (STS) from the perspective of expert practices.
Failure mechanisms of Friction stir welding tools related to process control and tool geometry
Authors: Hasieber Michael , Rudel Paul , Sennewald Martin , Löhn Torsten , Grätzel Michael , Bergmann Jean Pierre
Published: January 2024

Friction stir welding (FSW) is subjected to process-specific challenges including comparatively high process forces and tool wear resulting from thermomechanical stresses. As a result, the acting loads and the geometric-related tool wear can cause tool failure. The tool (shoulder) design, whether it is concave or flat, with or without geometrical elements, is mainly responsible for the related failure mechanism and tool life. Therefore, this study systematically analyzes the failure mechanisms as a function of the process temperature, during FSW of AA-6060 T66 using tools made of H13 tool steel, with different shoulder designs, namely a concave contour and a scroll contour. The mechanism responsible for tool failure was induced by repeated welding at rotational speeds of 4000 rpm and 2000 rpm, at process temperatures within the range of the secondary hardness maximum (552 °C and 555 °C) and below the temperature of the secondary hardness maximum (488 °C and 499 °C). The experimental investigation showed that reducing the rotational speed of the scrolled shoulder from 4000 rpm to 2000 rpm resulted in less wear and therefore an increase in tool life from 474 m to up to 1400 m. In this context, it has also been shown that the shoulder geometry affects the mechanism relevant to failure due to the free length of the probe.
The Radical Welcome Engagement Restoration Model and Assessment Tool for Community-Engaged Partnerships
Authors: Alang Sirry M. , Letcher Abby S. , Mitsdarffer Mary Louise , Kieber-Emmons Autumn , Rivera Jose , Moeller Carol , Biery Nyann , Batts Hasshan
Published: January 2024

People experiencing addiction, houselessness, or who have a history of incarceration have worse health outcomes compared with the general population. This is due, in part, to practices and policies of historically White institutions that exclude the voices, perspectives, and contributions of communities of color in leadership, socio-economic development, and decision-making that matters for their wellbeing. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches hold promise for addressing health inequities. However, full engagement of people harmed by systemic injustices in CBPR partnerships is challenging due to inequities in power and access to resources. We describe how an Allentown-based CBPR partnership—the Health Equity Activation Research Team of clinicians, researchers, and persons with histories of incarceration, addiction, and houselessness—uses the Radical Welcome Engagement Restoration Model (RWERM) to facilitate full engagement by all partners. Data were collected through participatory ethnography, focus groups, and individual interviews. Analyses were performed using deductive coding in a series of iterative meaning-making processes that involved all partners. Findings highlighted six defining phases of the radical welcome framework: (a) passionate invitation, (b) radical welcome, (c) authentic sense of belonging, (d) co-creation of roles, (e) prioritization of issues, and (f) individual and collective action. A guide to assessing progression across these phases, as well as a 32-item radical welcome instrument to help CBPR partners anticipate and overcome challenges to engagement are introduced and discussed.
Applying organizational change strategies in government agencies: Lessons from the Chinese government reform
Authors: Liou Kuotsai Tom
Published: January 2024

This paper studies the application of organizational change strategies within Chinese government agencies to learn lessons from the experiences of government reforms. Organizational change strategies include involving employee in agency activities, merging agency units, and introducing bottom-up changes in the agency. The paper first provides a review of government reforms in China and addresses research issues related to the three change strategies. Subsequently, the study introduces the research data and analytical techniques employed. The empirical findings provide information about the comparison of organizational change strategies and their relationships in terms of the importance and implementation measures. Furthermore, the findings reveal the influence of the respondents’ personal and organizational characteristics on the importance and implementation of these change strategies. The implications of these research findings include discussions about the distinctive characteristics of the Chinese government reforms and suggestions for future studies of government reforms.
Learning to Unpack the Term Latinx in Higher Education
Authors: Salinas Cristobal , Cervantes Diana
Published: January 2024

The term Latinx has received increasing levels of pushback from different entities outside and within higher education. Despite the term’s wide popularity in academic spaces, higher education practitioners often utilize it without understanding whom it simultaneously includes and excludes, and whom the term refers to. Such practice perpetuates the exclusion of many students, often rendered invisible. This case study provides a glimpse into how some students experience exclusion through practitioners’ use of the term Latinx. We offer reflection questions for practitioners to consider in their work to create inclusive spaces for Latin* students on college campuses.
Dynamic load distribution property of transmission system during rice harvesting process
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Li Yaoming , Wang Rui , Wang Li , You Xingqin , Huang Bibo
Published: January 2024

The average time between failures of Chinese combine harvester was far below the advanced combine harvester in Europe and America. A load test system was designed and built on the transmission structure of combine harvester. The dynamic load of the transmission structure was tested on rice harvesting in the field and used to compare with calculated values of maximum load capacity. The damage mechanism and load distribution of transmission structure would be obtained. The test results showed that the average and peak power consumptions of each working part increased with the increase in the speed of the combine harvester. As the stubble height increased, the average and peak power consumptions of each component correspondingly increased with the increase in the load on the entire machine. The power consumptions of the left and right half shafts of the chassis gradually increased, whereas the power consumptions of the other components did not change significantly. The power consumption of the intermediate shaft ranged from 29.53 to 35.92 kW, and the average power consumption was 34.03 kW when harvesting was done at full load in the field. The limit power consumptions of the left and right half axles of the chassis were 9.35 and 11.55 kW.
Comparison of semantic and phonological false memories in short- and long-term tests
Authors: Coane Jennifer H , McBride Dawn M , Chang Kai , Cam Yonca , Marsh Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

The Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm has been at the centre of false memory research. Whereas most work with this paradigm has examined memory at the long term and with semantically associated lists, the present study examines phonological and semantic false memories at both short- and long-term delays. In two experiments, participants studied short lists containing six (Experiment 1) or four (Experiment 2) items, either semantically or phonologically related to the same non-studied critical items (CI). Following each list, participants completed 36 trials of an immediate recognition task (short-term memory [STM]-only condition) only or they also completed a surprise recognition test after a 1-min delay after all 36 STM trials (STM + long-term memory [LTM] condition). In STM, false alarms were higher in phonological lists, whereas after the delay, false alarms were higher in semantic lists, reflecting differential sensitivity to the type of association as a function of delay. A third experiment examined LTM performance after controlling for prior testing and yielded highly similar results. Both the activation-monitoring framework (AMF) and fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) can explain the majority of the findings, with some remaining issues. These results confirm that information from the knowledge base (LTM) does influence accuracy in an STM task, albeit less so than perceptual level similarity.
Stakeholder perceptions of a tackle law variation to reduce concussion incidence in community rugby union: A qualitative study
Authors: van Tonder Riaan , Brown James Craig , Surmon Sean , Viviers Pierre , Kraak Wilbur , Stokes Keith A , Hendricks Sharief , Derman Wayne , Badenhorst Marelise
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of key stakeholder groups, i.e. coaches, players, and referees, of a reduced maximum legal tackle height law variation trial in a collegiate amateur rugby competition. A pragmatic qualitative approach was used. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were performed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Three main law trial-related themes and four additional contextual themes were identified. The most important contextual factors include perceptions of resource scarcity of the implementation context, deficient concussion knowledge and lack of education among all stakeholder groups, tackle technique deficiencies, and an entrenched culture of a dismissive attitude towards serious injuries and non-disclosure of concussion by players. Real-world challenges such as inconsistent sanctioning during gameplay, multi-tackler tackles, and player fatigue underscore the gap between the theoretical knowledge of the law and the complex, dynamic nature of its execution. Furthermore, deeply ingrained issues like entrenched tackle techniques, the quality of coaching, and prevailing attitudes towards concussion compounded these challenges, indicating a need for a more comprehensive approach to bridge the divide between understanding and implementation. Despite these challenges, several participants felt the law variation was still more effective than the existing law; and that it created more awareness around concussion, while sending a clear message that player welfare is being taken seriously. Collectively these factors indicate the difficulty of addressing a complex problem such as concussion, with a law variation intervention in a challenging (resource-constrained) setting.
After the algorithms: A study of meta-algorithmic judgments and diversity in the hiring process at a large multisite company
Authors: Bursell Moa , Roumbanis Lambros
Published: January 2024

In recent years, both private and public organizations across contexts have begun implementing AI technologies in their recruitment processes. This transition is typically justified by improved efficiency as well as more objective, performance-based ranking, and inclusive selection of job candidates. However, this rapid development has also raised concerns that the use of these emerging technologies will instead increase discrimination or enhance the already existing inequality. In the present study, we first develop the concept of meta-algorithmic judgment to understand how recruiting managers may respond to automation of the hiring process. Second, we draw on this concept in the empirical assessment of the actual consequences of this type of transition by drawing on two large and unique datasets on employment records and job applications from one of Sweden's largest food retail companies. By comparing the outcomes of traditional and algorithmic job recruitment during this technological transition, we find that, contrary to the company's intentions, algorithmic recruitment decreases diversity. However, in contrast to what is often assumed, this is primarily not because the algorithms are biased, but because of what we identify as an unintended human–algorithmic interaction effect.
Development of a dental diet-tracking mobile app for improved caries-related dietary behaviours: Key features and pilot evaluation of quality
Authors: Goh Charlene Enhui , Zheng Kaiping , Chua Wen Yong , Nguyen Thao , Liu Changshuo , Koh Chun Keat , Lee Gabriel Keng Yan , Tay Chong Meng , Ooi Beng Chin , Wong Mun Loke
Published: January 2024

Objective

Diet significantly contributes to dental decay (caries) yet monitoring and modifying patients’ diets is a challenge for many dental practitioners. While many oral health and diet-tracking mHealth apps are available, few focus on the dietary risk factors for caries. This study aims to present the development and key features of a dental-specific mobile app for diet monitoring and dietary behaviour change to prevent caries, and pilot data from initial user evaluation.

Methods

A mobile app incorporating a novel photo recognition algorithm and a localised database of 208,718 images for food item identification was developed. The design and development process were iterative and incorporated several behaviour change techniques commonly used in mHealth. Pilot evaluation of app quality was assessed using the end-user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS).

Results

User feedback from the beta-testing of the prototype app spurred the improvement of the photo recognition algorithm and addition of more user-centric features. Other key features of the final app include real-time prompts to drive actionable behaviour change, goal setting, comprehensive oral health education modules, and visual metrics for caries-related dietary factors (sugar intake, meal frequency, etc.). The final app scored an overall mean (standard deviation) of 3.6 (0.5) out of 5 on the uMARS scale.

Conclusion

We developed a novel diet-tracking mobile app tailored for oral health, addressing a gap in the mHealth landscape. Pilot user evaluations indicated good app quality, suggesting its potential as a useful clinical tool for dentists and empowering patients for self-monitoring and behavioural management.
Bridging architecture and social sciences to study home-based work: A socio-spatial representation method
Authors: Wagemann Elizabeth , Donoso-Pardo Natalia , Guzmán-Gundermann Germán , Quiroz-Torres Matías
Published: January 2024

This article presents a methodology that combines methods of architectural representation with qualitative social science research to study housing, particularly, home-based work. Studies of home-based work have specialised in discussing the complexities of sharing the domestic and productive spaces. However, the literature shows that there is a methodological gap in approaching these complexities. Specifically, both social science and architectural techniques separately fail to represent the relationships and conflicts between these two spheres. This article addresses the following question: how to achieve a representation that corresponds to the complexity of the relationship between domestic and productive space in dwellings? To answer this question, our methodology combines the techniques of architecture (sketches, plans, maquettes and axonometries) and social science (observation, interviews and focus groups) to capture the relationship between domestic (reproductive) and work (productive) spaces in households. The method presents three scales of analysis: the micro (household), the meso (part of the neighbourhood) and the macro (neighbourhood). These different scales of analysis were applied in two case studies to test the performance of the method. These are the transitional emergency neighbourhoods built after the 2015 floods in Atacama (Chile). These cases were selected because, for many families, housing is also a place of income generation, and often emergency housing is a place of work, contributing to the economic recovery process after a disaster.