bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Folk Ballad: National Aspects of the Genre (Based on the Material of Russian Erzya, Moksha folklore)
Authors: Sharonova Elena Alexandrovna
Published: November 2022

The subject of the study is the genre originality of Erzya, Moksha and Russian folk ballads, the object of the study is typical and rare ballad plots and characters, which allows us to consider the phenomenon in all the variety of genre aspects. The article, based on scientific literature and folklore material, characterizes the poetic techniques and visual and expressive means used in Erzya, Moksha, and Russian ballads. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic was the comprehension of the ballad through the prism of the memory of the myth, which is persistently present in it. Erzya, Moksha and Russian ballads are united in genre with their thematic diversity. Their characters and events represent different aspects of life, illustrate various aesthetic and moral codes, obeying a common poetic system. The scientific novelty lies in the consideration of the elements of the myth in the ballad, the content of which is transformed in it, it does not explain the myth and cannot do this, because it has lost its understanding. But she operates with the data of the myth, retains the attributes of the myth in her poetics, which allows her to have a complex genre constitution that leads away from a simplified understanding of the plots and images of the actors. Erzya, Moksha and Russian ballads are the product of national mentality, artistic and aesthetic, social, moral views. In them, the life of the people is concretized by the destinies of individuals, the emphasis is on spiritual life, on ethical, social, moral ideas – both traditional and those that have arisen at a new stage of historical development. Their attention is drawn to the tragic aspects of human existence caused by his negative reaction to the world.
SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses can originate from cross-reactive CMV-specific T cells
Authors: Pothast Cilia R , Dijkland Romy C , Thaler Melissa , Hagedoorn Renate S , Kester Michel GD , Wouters Anne K , Hiemstra Pieter S , van Hemert Martijn J , Gras Stephanie , Falkenburg JH Frederik , Heemskerk Mirjam HM
Published: November 2022

Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed donors has been explained by the presence of T cells primed by other coronaviruses. However, based on the relatively high frequency and prevalence of cross-reactive T cells, we hypothesized cytomegalovirus (CMV) may induce these cross-reactive T cells. Stimulation of pre-pandemic cryo-preserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with SARS-CoV-2 peptides revealed that frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were higher in CMV-seropositive donors. Characterization of these T cells demonstrated that membrane-specific CD4+ and spike-specific CD8+ T cells originate from cross-reactive CMV-specific T cells. Spike-specific CD8+ T cells recognize SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide FVSNGTHWF (FVS) and dissimilar CMV pp65 peptide IPSINVHHY (IPS) presented by HLA-B*35:01. These dual IPS/FVS-reactive CD8+ T cells were found in multiple donors as well as severe COVID-19 patients and shared a common T cell receptor (TCR), illustrating that IPS/FVS-cross-reactivity is caused by a public TCR. In conclusion, CMV-specific T cells cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, despite low sequence homology between the two viruses, and may contribute to the pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Reclaiming songs of wisdom in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Jordet Maria
Published: November 2022

What kind of music teaching and learning takes place among folk musicians and young ones, aiming to reclaim their oral tradition and educate new master teachers? This question will be answered by drawing on extensive fieldwork at nine song-and-music schools in rural Bangladesh, applying critical realism as a meta-theory. An overall aim is to expand views on what music teaching and learning can be, with potential implications for education beyond rural Bangladesh. The empirical material was collected through a focus group interview with 12 students in an advanced class and in-depth interviews with these students and their three master teachers. The analysis shows that the generational transmission can be seen as based on the ‘four pillars’ of music pedagogy. These are re-described through dialectical critical realism in an abductive process, showing that music pedagogy can open an ontology and dialectic on being and becoming human for the participants. Results are discussed with absence and remembrance as key concepts. The study provides practical and philosophical insights into a music pedagogy about deep learning and resonance: towards transformative praxis.
Reliability of kettlebell swing one and five repetition maximum
Authors: Ross James A. , Keogh Justin W. L. , Lorenzen Christian
Published: November 2022

Background

Research into the kettlebell swing has increased in the last decade. There has been a paucity of literature assessing an individual’s ability to perform the kettlebell swing exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of the one and five repetition maximum (1RM and 5RM) kettlebell swing.

Materials & Methods

Twenty four recreational resistance-trained participants performed an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and two familiarization sessions followed by three test sessions for each RM load approximately one week apart, using a custom-built plate-loaded kettlebell. On each test occasion, subjects completed a series of warm-up sets followed by 3–4 progressively heavier kettlebell swings to a standardized height until 1RM or 5RM was reached. Test-retest reliability was calculated using the intra-class correlation (ICC) and typical error was represented as the coefficient of variation (CV%) with 90% confidence limits (90% CL). The smallest worthwhile change (SWC%) representing the smallest change of practical importance, was calculated as 0.2 × between-subject standard deviation. The relationship of kettlebell swing performance and maximum strength was determined by Pearson correlation with ±90% CL between the absolute peak force recorded during IMTP and 1RM or 5RM.

Results

Results demonstrated a high test-retest reliability for both the 1RM (ICC = 0.97, 90% CL [0.95–0.99]; CV = 2.7%, 90% CL [2.2–3.7%]) and 5RM (ICC = 0.98, 90% CL [0.96–0.99]; CV = 2.4%, 90% CL [1.9–3.3%]), respectively. The CV% was lower than the SWC for both the 1RM (SWC = 2.8%, 90% CL [1.9–3.5]) and 5RM (SWC = 2.9%, 90% CL [1.9–3.6]) kettlebell swing. The correlation between IMTP absolute peak force and the 1RM (r = 0.69, 90% CL 0.43–0.83) was large and very large for the 5RM (r = 0.75, 90% CL [0.55–0.87]).

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the stability of 1RM and 5RM kettlebell swing performance after two familiarization sessions. Practitioners can be confident that changes in kettlebell swing 1RM and 5RM performance of >3.6 kg represent a practically important difference, which is the upper limit of the 90% CL.
Effects of Earthing up and Pruning Systems on Post-Harvest Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon)
Authors: Keter I. K. , Oloo-Abucheli G. O. , Muraya M. , Kiplangat C. T.
Published: November 2022

Tomato is a popular and extensively cultivated vegetable among the economically promising commodities in the horticulture sector in Kenya. It provides a wide variety of nutrients with many health-related benefits.   This study investigated the effect of integration of pruning and earthing up on postharvest. The experiments were carried out in a split-plot arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and in CRD for both field and laboratory work respectively. Fruit yield data was taken after each harvest. The results from the analysis of variance for the effect of factors (earthing up and pruning system) and their combined effect showed that there was a significant effect on the average weight loss percentage and total soluble solids in both cultivations. The treatments had a significant effect on the average weight loss percentage, total soluble solids, and fruit firmness in both cultivations. The highest fruit weight loss percentages were recorded from all stem pruning system with no earthing up. The highest fruit firmness (3.41 N mm-1 in cultivation 1 and 3.24 N mm-1 in cultivation 2) was recorded from a single stem pruning system and earthing up to 30 cm. The highest total soluble solids (TSS) percentage 6.09 % was recorded in both cultivations under a single stem pruning system and earthing up to 30 cm.  To improve tomato postharvest, farmers are encouraged to consider triple stem pruning system in combination with earthing up to level 30 cm.
Assessment of Awareness and Nutritional Status of Rural Community: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Deshmukh Asavari Amar , Choudhari S. G.
Published: November 2022

Background: COVID-19 Pandemic had led to an unprecedented emergency which led to many transformations in all aspects of life including dietary practices. A good and balanced die played a crucial role in prevention of disease and faster recovery. For a good dietary practice, knowledge and awareness is needed. Even the SDG 2 deals with food, nutrition and curbing with hunger. The purpose of this study was to explore the awareness of good dietary habits and the nutritional content of everyday meals among rural communities as well as to assess the nutritional status and physical activity.

Methods: This was a observational cross-sectional study conducted amongst the community of from two rural zones in Jalgaon district, Maharashtra in April to June 2022. Convenience sampling with the sample size as 40 households residing in the community was used.  The head of the family of each household were surveyed using a pre-designed and pre-tested structured questionnaire. The tool used to explore the daily food consumption, assessment of nutritional status and physical activities of the participants. The study also determined at people's awareness of what a balanced diet is and the concept/effects of malnutrition in addition to anthropometric measurements. Data was entered in spreadsheet and analysis was done with the Microsoft excel using descriptive statistics.

Results: Of those surveyed, regarding nutritional awareness, it was found that 92% and 82% of the subjects have not even heard of the term "Balanced diet" and “Malnutrition” respectively. The BMI ranges of the study subjects, showed that majority (22, 55%) of the study participants had normal BMI, followed by (13, 32.5%) as underweight i.e. BMI below 18.5 and (5; 12.5%) as pre-obese category, i.e. BMI above 25. It was observed that the individuals used to undertake around 8 hrs of physical activity per day on an average. Regarding the diet pattern, it was noted that rural communities still follow follows traditional wisdom of a balanced diet from ancestral roots. Due to poverty and lack of resources, they tend to stick to whatever is affordable and locally available.

Conclusion: Considering the significant unawareness regarding nutrition and balanced diet as observed, we conclude that the Government’ plans and efforts around food security will be more successful if raising public awareness about the significance of nutrition and food is the first step in this regard. The right to food and the right to health can only reach the rural areas when the awareness index in these areas is enhanced by utilizing all available tools and approaches.
SUMERLERİN YIKILIŞINDA TOPRAKLARIN TUZLAŞMASI SORUNSALI
Authors: Aktürk Mehmet Yunus
Published: November 2022

Sumerler, M.Ö. 5. binde Mezopotamya topraklarına gelerek M.Ö. 4. bine doğru bu bölgenin güneyine inmişlerdir. Kendi bildikleri ya da geliştirdikleri teknikler ile Basra Körfezi’ne yakın bataklıkları kurutarak tarımsal üretime uygun hâle getirmişlerdir. Bu sayede kendilerinden sonra kurulacak olan devletlere de bir takım kültürel aktarımlarda bulunmuşlardır. Son yıllarda yapılan bazı çalışmalarda, Tufan neticesinde toprağın tuzlaştığı, bunun tarımsal verimi düşürdüğü ve bu verimsizliğin Sumerlerin yıkılışında önemli bir rol oynadığı ifade edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada tuzlaşma teknik olarak açıklanarak, Sumerlerin tarih sahnesinden çekilmesinde etkili olan faktörler üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu faktörler arasında tuzlaşmanın, Sumerlerin yıkılışındaki rolünün hangi ölçüde olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Toprağın tuzlanmasının Sumerler üzerindeki ekonomik, sosyal ve politik etkilerini daha iyi tespit edebilmek için, ağırlıklı olarak kendilerinden sonra bölgede hâkimiyeti sağlayan Akkadların durumundan bahsedilecektir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Sumerler, Tuzlaşma, Nuh Tufanı, Sumerlerin Yıkılışı
OSMANLI TİCARÎ, SOSYAL VE EKONOMİK HAYATINDA AKÇE FARKI MESELESİ (1880-1916)
Authors: BOLÜKBASI OMERÜL FARUK
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmada akçe farkı meselesinin ticarî, ekonomik
ve sosyal hayattaki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. 1880 –
1916 yılları arasında Osmanlı piyasasında mecidiye
ve lira devletin tayin ettiğinden çok farklı rayiçlerle
tedavül etmeye başlamış, bu yüzden akçe farkı büyük
bir spekülasyon aracına dönüşmüştü. Makalede
mahallî rayiçlerin ve akçe farkının birbirini nasıl
beslediği, piyasada ne gibi spekülatif hareketler ortaya
çıktığı, bu süreçte küçük üreticinin ne tür
mağduriyetler yaşadığı, devletin sorunları çözmekte
nasıl aciz kaldığı gibi hususlar örneklerle ele
alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda para sisteminin
zaaflarından kaynaklanan ve esasında mâlî bir sorun
olan akçe farkı meselesinin toplumsal ve ekonomik
hayatta da derin izler bıraktığı tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler:
Akçe Farkı, Tütün Ticareti, Rayiç, Amele Yevmiyesi,
İzmir, Drama
BİR DOSTLUĞUN İNŞASI: PORT ELIZABETH AZİZİYE CAMİ
Authors: Eraslan Selcan Alperay , Avcı Oğulcan
Published: November 2022

17. yüzyıldan itibaren Hollandalılar tarafından
köleleştirilerek Güney Afrika’ya yerleştirilen Malaylar,
Müslüman olmalarına rağmen dini kısıtlamalarından dolayı
İslamiyet esaslarını tam olarak öğrenememiş; bununla
birlikte bölgedeki din adamlarının yanlış dini ritüelleri
sebebiyle bazı uygulama hataları yapılmıştır. Bölgeden hacca
giden bazı kimselerin döndüklerinde bu hataları düzeltmek
istemeleri ise birtakım tartışmalara sebep olmuştur. Bunun
üzerine dönemin hilafet makamı olan Osmanlı Devleti’nden
yardım istenmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti talebi kabul etmiş ve din
alimi olan Ebu Bekir Efendi’yi bölgeye göndermiştir.
Böylece ilk karşılıklı etkileşim ve iletişim başlamıştır. Ebu
Bekir Efendi’nin burada bulunduğu sırada önceki yıllarda
Port Elizabeth’de inşasına başlanan ancak bitirilemeyen
cami, Sultan Abdülaziz Han Döneminde Osmanlı Devleti’ne
başvurularak yardım talep edilmesi üzerine, bitirilmiş ve bu
vesileyle Aziziye adını alan caminin gölgesinde uzun yıllar
devam edecek bir dostluk ve kardeşlik bağı bina edilmiştir.
1900 yılında Aziziye Camisi’nin satılarak yıkılması gündeme
gelince bölgede yaşayan Müslümanların yardım istedikleri
makam yine Osmanlı Devleti olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti bu
satışı önleyememiş olsa da Güney Afrika Müslümanlarının
devlete ve hilafet makamına olan gönül bağı devam etmiştir.
Güney Afrika’daki Müslümanlar Osmanlı Devleti’nin
kendilerini kucaklayıcı tavrını ve yardımlarını hiçbir zaman
unutmamış, emperyalist devletlere karşı Trablusgarp
Savaşı’ndan Millî Mücadele’nin kazanılmasına kadar devam
eden mücadele yıllarında Türk milletinin yanında yer
almışlardır. Bu çalışmada Güney Afrika’da özelinde bölge
Müslümanları ile Osmanlı Devleti arasındaki ilişkiler
incelenmiş ve Aziziye Camisi’nin bu ilişkinin inşa
sürecindeki yeri konu edinilmiştir. Bu bağlamda caminin inşa
süreci ve akıbetine değinilerek Aziziye Camisi’nin sanat
tarihi disiplini açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
19. YÜZYIL BAŞLARINDA OSMANLI ORDUSUNDA KULLANILAN TÜFEKLER HAKKINDA BAZI MÜLAHAZALAR
Authors: Köse Osman
Published: November 2022

Ateşli silahların 13. asrın sonlarından itibaren Çin’de
kullanılmaya başlandığı ve Osmanlı ordusunda da 14.
asrın yarılarından sonra bu silahların var olduğu
bilinmektedir. İlk kullanılmaya başlayan bu tarzdaki
silahların en dikkate şayanı savaş meydanlarında
mücadelenin sonucunu belirleyen toplardır. Toplara göre
hafif ve daha seri kullanışlı olan tüfeklerin, Osmanlılar
tarafından 15. asrın başlarından itibaren yaygın olarak
bilindiği ve kullanıldığı bir gerçektir. Ahşap kundak
üzerinde namlu ve ateşleme tertibatından ibaret olan ilk
tüfeklerin küçük top ve ağır ateşli el silahları şeklinde
olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Osmanlılar, uzun yıllar fitilli
olarak adlandırılan tüfekler kullanmışlardır. 16. yüzyılın
sonlarından itibaren da fitillilere göre daha kullanışlı ve
modern olan çakmaklı tüfekler yaygınlaşmaya
başlanmıştır. Osmanlı ordusu ilk tüfek örneklerini batıdan
öğrenmekle beraber, daha sonra kendileri çeşitli
müdahaleler ve eklemelerle onu daha seri ve kolay
kullanışlı hale getirmişlerdir. 19 yüzyılın başlarından
itibaren ise Avrupa’da icat edilen tüfeklerin kısa süreler
sonra Osmanlı ordusunda envanterlere girdiği
gözlenmektedir. Bu yüzyıl sonlarına doğru batıda gelişen
teknolojiye paralel olarak Osmanlı ordusunda kullanılan
tüfek çeşitleri de artmıştır.
Bu çalışma, modernleşme sürecinde Osmanlı
ordusunun kullandığı tüfekler hakkında olacaktır.
Knowledge of nursing professionals about basic life support / Conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca do suporte básico de vida
Authors: Alves do Nascimento Maria do Socorro , Gonçalves Trigueiro Jaira , De Alencar Pinto José Breno , Soares Pereira da Silva José Ednardo , Maia Bessa Marcelino , Moreira de Freitas Rodrigo Jácob
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca do Suporte Básico. Método: estudo transversal, quanti-qualitativo, realizado em uma Unidade Mista de um município do interior do nordeste brasileiro, com 9 profissionais de enfermagem. Utilizou-se um questionário como instrumento de coleta. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados através da estatística descritiva simples. Resultados: os profissionais apresentam conhecimento sobre a temática, com uma taxa de acertos média/alta. A equipe segue alguns dos passos da sequência correta da Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar. Os erros dizem respeito a quantidade, profundidade e o local correto das compressões torácicas. Além disso, foi constatado que o serviço não capacita os profissionais. Conclusão: sugere-se que os serviços de saúde implementem programas de educação permanente com a equipe de enfermagem visto que a construção de conhecimento reflete na melhoria da assistência à saúde, uma vez que o acesso à serviços de saúde de maior complexidade no interior são escassos.
Noteworthy P Waves in an Elderly Woman
Authors: Wang Gaopin , Chang Qinghua , Liu Renguang
Published: November 2022

This case report describes a patient in their 70s who was referred to the emergency department for worsening shortness of breath, chest tightness, and episodes of palpitations. What is your diagnosis?
Dicyanobenzothiadiazole (DCBT) Organic Dye as a Visible Light Absorbing Strong Photoinduced Oxidant with a 16 Microsecond Long‐Lived Excited State
Authors: Li Qing Yun , Hunt Leigh Anna , Wijesinghe Kalpani Hirunika , Curiac Christine , Williams Ashley , Dass Amala , Hammer Nathan I. , Delcamp Jared H.
Published: November 2022

Strong photoinduced oxidants are important to organic synthesis and solar energy conversion, to chemical fuels or electric. For these applications, visible light absorption is important to solar energy conversion and long‐lived excited states are needed to drive catalysis. With respect to these desirable qualities, a series of five 5,6‐dicyano[2,1,3]benzothiadiazole (DCBT) dyes are examined as organic chromophores that can serve as strong photooxidants in catalytic systems. The series utilizes a DCBT core with aryl groups on the periphery with varying electron donation strengths relative to the core. The dyes are studied via both steady‐state and transient absorption and emission studies. Additionally, computational analysis, voltammetry, crystallography, and absorption spectroelectrochemistry are also used to better understand the behavior of these dyes. Ultimately, a strong photooxidant is arrived at with an exceptionally long excited state lifetime for an organic chromophore of 16 µs. The long‐lived excited state photosensitizer is well‐suited for use in catalysis, and visible light driven photosensitized water oxidation is demonstrated using a water‐soluble photosensitizer.
A novel emergency medicine cultural competency curriculum addressing health care disparities
Authors: Akhetuamhen Adesuwa I. , Ibiebele Abiye L. , Leibowitz Maren K. , Welch Sarah B. , Campbell Mobola , Shakeri Nahzinine , Bailitz John M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Effective cultural competency (CC) training for future health professionals is an important first step towards improving healthcare disparities (HCD). The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) now requires that institutions train residents and faculty members in CC relevant to the patient population they serve.

Methods

Using Kern's Model, we created and implemented a novel CC curriculum tailored to specific program needs in an emergency medicine residency program.

Results

At the end of the curriculum, respondents reported having a better understanding of the importance of CC for their practice (p = 0.004) and of how a patient's personal and historical context affects treatment (p = 0.002). They also reported an increase in the frequency of practicing strategies to reduce bias in themselves (p < 0.001) and others (p < 0.001), as well as comfort interacting with and treating patients from different backgrounds (p < 0.001). Lastly, they reported improved preparedness to collaborate with communities to address HCD (p = 0.004) and to identify community leaders to do so (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The challenges of CC training demonstrate the need for a standard yet adaptable framework. We have designed, implemented, and evaluated a novel curriculum tailored to the specific needs of our EM residency program. The curriculum improved participants' attitudes, preparedness, and self‐reported behaviors regarding CC and HCD. This framework represents an example of a successful model to meet ACGME requirements.
Data‐iteration cooperative adaptive cruise control of mixed heterogeneous vehicle platoons with unknown dynamic characteristics
Authors: Song Xiulan , Dong Zhaohang , Ding Feng , Lu Weidang
Published: November 2022

This paper considers the cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) problem of mixed heterogeneous vehicle platoons composed of human‐driven and CACC vehicles with unknown dynamic characteristics and an alternative to CACC for platooning of the heterogeneous vehicle platoon is presented. Adaptive dynamic programming is firstly used to learn the dynamic characteristics of acceleration of vehicles from the sampled data. Then the data‐iteration optimal CACC controller is computed to ensure that each CACC vehicle can reach a desired inter‐vehicle distance and desired common velocity with no prior knowledge of the dynamics of vehicles in the mixed platoon. Moreover, the string stability of the mixed vehicle platoon is derived by establishing some sufficient conditions on the acceleration transfer function of adjacent vehicles. Two simulation experiments of a six‐vehicle mixed platoon are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed CACC method.
A Mellin transform approach to pricing barrier options under stochastic elasticity of variance
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Gyoon , Cao Jiling , Kim Jeong‐Hoon , Zhang Wenjun
Published: November 2022

This article considers a problem of evaluating barrier option prices when the underlying dynamics are driven by stochastic elasticity of variance (SEV). We employ asymptotic expansions and Mellin transform to evaluate the option prices. The approach is able to efficiently handle barrier options in a SEV framework and produce explicitly a semi‐closed form formula for the approximate barrier option prices. The formula is an expansion of the option price in powers of the characteristic amplitude scale and variation time of the elasticity and it can be calculated easily by taking the derivatives of the Black–Scholes price for a barrier option with respect to the underlying price and computing the one‐dimensional integrals of some linear combinations of the Greeks with respect to time. We confirm the accuracy of our formula via Monte‐Carlo simulation and find the SEV effect on the Black–Scholes barrier option prices.
Effects of social complexity and gender on social and non‐social attention in male and female autistic children: A comparison of four eye‐tracking paradigms
Authors: Putnam Orla C. , Sasson Noah , Parish‐Morris Julia , Harrop Clare
Published: November 2022

Eye tracking has long been used to characterize differences in social attention between autistic and non‐autistic children, but recent work has shown that these patterns may vary widely according to the biological sex of the participants and the social complexity and gender‐typicality of the eye tracking stimuli (e.g., barbies vs. transformers). To better understand effects of sex, social complexity, and object gender‐typicality on social and non‐social gaze behavior in autism, we compared the visual attention patterns of 67 autistic (ASD) and non‐autistic (NA) males (M) and females (F) (ASD M = 21; ASD F = 18; NA M = 14; NA F = 14) across four eye tracking paradigms varying in social complexity and object gender‐typicality. We found consistency across paradigms in terms of overall attention and attention to social stimuli, but attention to objects varied when paradigms considered gender in their stimulus design. Children attended more to gendered objects, particularly when the gender‐typicality of the object matched their assigned sex. These results demonstrate that visual social attention in autism is affected by interactions between a child's biological sex, social scene complexity, and object gender‐typicality and have broad implications for the design and interpretation of eye tracking studies.
Distinct social attention profiles in preschoolers with autism contrasted to fragile X syndrome
Authors: Wall Carla A. , Shic Frederick , Varanasi Sreeja , Roberts Jane E.
Published: November 2022

Social attention is a critical skill for learning and development. Social attention difficulties are present in both non‐syndromic autism spectrum disorder (nsASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS), and our understanding of these difficulties is complicated by heterogeneity in both disorders, including co‐occurring diagnoses like intellectual disability and social anxiety. Existing research largely utilizes a single index of social attention and rarely includes children with intellectual impairment or uses a cross‐syndrome approach. This study investigated whether multi‐trait social attention profiles including naturalistic initial eye contact, facial attention, and social scene attention differ in preschool children with nsASD and FXS matched on developmental ability (DQ) and contrasted to neurotypical (NT) controls. The relationship between DQ, ASD severity, and social anxiety and social attention profiles was also examined. Initial eye contact related to social scene attention, implicating that naturalistic social attention is consistent with responses during experimental conditions. Reduced eye contact and lower social scene attention characterized nsASD and FXS. Children with nsASD displayed less facial attention than FXS and NT children, who did not differ. Lower DQ and elevated ASD severity associated with decreased eye contact in nsASD and FXS, and lower DQ was associated with lower social scene attention in FXS. Sex, social anxiety, and age were not associated with social attention. These findings suggest social attention profiles of children with nsASD are highly similar to, yet distinct from, children with FXS. Children with nsASD may present with a global social attention deficit whereas FXS profiles may reflect context‐dependent social avoidance.
Transcription‐independent functions of p53 in DNA repair pathway selection
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hsiu , Sheetz Michael P.
Published: November 2022

Recently discovered transcription‐independent features of p53 involve the choice of DNA damage repair pathway after PARylation, and p53's complex formation with phosphoinositide lipids, PI(4,5)P2. PARylation‐mediated rapid accumulation of p53 at DNA damage sites is linked to the recruitment of downstream repair factors and tumor suppression. This links p53's capability to sense damaged DNA in vitro and its relevant functions in cells. Further, PI(4,5)P2 rapidly accumulates at damage sites like p53 and complexes with p53, while it is required for ATR recruitment. These findings help explain how p53 and PI(4,5)P2 maintain genome stability by directing DNA repair pathway choice. Additionally, there is a strong correlation between p53 sequence homology, genome mutation rates as well as lifespans across various mammalian species. Further investigation is required to better understand the connections between genome stability, tumor suppression, longevity and the transcriptional‐independent function of p53.
Wild animals as an underused treasure trove for studying the genetics of cancer
Authors: Sepp Tuul , Giraudeau Mathieu
Published: November 2022

Recent years have seen an emergence of the field of comparative cancer genomics. However, the advancements in this field are held back by the hesitation to use knowledge obtained from human studies to study cancer in other animals, and vice versa. Since cancer is an ancient disease that arose with multicellularity, oncogenes and tumour‐suppressor genes are amongst the oldest gene classes, shared by most animal species. Acknowledging that other animals are, in terms of cancer genetics, ecology, and evolution, rather similar to humans, creates huge potential for advancing the fields of human and animal oncology, but also biodiversity conservation. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/UFqyMx5HETY
Peripheral blood kinetics following total body irradiation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Timing matters
Authors: Dejonckheere Cas S. , Böhner Alexander M. C. , Schmitz Eva , Holderried Tobias A. W. , Schmeel Leonard C. , Brossart Peter , Giordano Frank A. , Köksal Mümtaz A.
Published: November 2022

Total body irradiation (TBI) remains an important component in many conditioning regimens before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Because of its frequent toxicity, patient selection is crucial, making it of interest to identify factors improving engraftment. In this retrospective single center analysis, the characteristics of 48 adult such patients were studied. Mean overall survival (OS) was 22.2 months after allo‐HSCT. Interestingly, people with an interval ≥3 days between TBI completion and allo‐HSCT showed improved OS, when compared to a shorter interval (p = 0.10). Peripheral blood kinetics after successful engraftment also differed, with a longer interval resulting in a higher platelet count and lower leukocyte and neutrophil (p < 0.05) count. These data suggest that the exact timing of TBI before allo‐HSCT might directly impact a patient's survival and could help single out those at higher risk of graft failure who might benefit from an altered conditioning regimen.
Observation of Alectinib‐ and Crizotinib‐ included chemotherapy in children with ALK‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A single institutional experience
Authors: He Yingyi , Pei Kunlin , Zhang Hui , Wang Jiayi , Su Xiaoling , Gan Wenting , Wang Pengfei
Published: November 2022

Approximately one‐third children with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) relapse after completion of chemotherapy, particularly for those high‐risk patients. The introduction of novel therapeutic modalities is much needed for these sub‐group patients. Two groups (n = 3, n = 4) of ALCL patients were treated with crizotinib‐ and alectinib‐included ALCL‐99 therapy, respectively, achieving complete remission rates of 66.7% and 100%. Two patients of crizotinib group relapsed, while none relapsed among the alectinib‐treated patients. Adding alectinib instead of crizotinib sufficiently suppressed and maintained the deep NPM‐ALK molecular response. ALK inhibitors were well tolerated with only grade 1 adverse events in both groups. Though a relatively small case number, this study raised the possibility that alectinib‐included therapeutic regimens may benefit the early response, in‐depth molecular remission, and persistent remission to some extent. Further studies are warranted to validate our preliminary findings.
Marathi SentiWordNet: A lexical resource for sentiment analysis of Marathi
Authors: B. Shelke Mahesh , Sawant Daivat D. , Kadam Chatrabhuj B. , Ambhure Kailas , Deshmukh Sachin N.
Published: November 2022

Sentiment analysis (SA) is information retrieval and computational linguistics that expresses sentiment about a specific document. Recently, research on SA has received greater interests due to the vast expansion of internet data. The comments and reviews posted online creates difficulties to the researchers, because the comments posted are written in unstructured formats with informal expressions, languages and possibly mixed languages. Most of the works on SA have been focusing only on English language but with respect to Indian languages, few works are done, especially on Hindi, Telugu, Bengali, and so forth. SentiWordNet is a useful lexical resource for determining the sentiment of a document or piece of text. There is currently no lexical resource for the Marathi language used for sentiment analysis. Therefore, this proposed research presents SA in one of the languages of Indian origin, that is, Marathi. In this paper, a new method is proposed for the development of a Marathi SentiWordNet (M‐SWN), synset‐based expansion approach using Marathi WordNet, which consists of Positive, Negative, and Neutral Polarity score, mapped from Hindi‐SentiWordNet (H‐SWN). Finally, sentiment analysis of movie reviews is carried out using M‐SWN using Bi‐LSTM based SVM classifier model.
The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid fine needle aspirates: A study of 1763 patients; with histopathological correlations, in eastern India
Authors: Sen Ankita , Sarkar Manisha , Das Ram Narayan , Paul Shib Shankar , Chatterjee Uttara
Published: November 2022

Background

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important test for triaging patients with thyroid nodules. The 2007 National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine‐Needle Aspiration State‐of‐the‐Science Conference helped instigate the recent publication of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBS).

Aims and Objectives

Terminology and therefore the probability of malignancy vary between pathologists and institutions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single institution's experience to determine if sub‐classification (neoplasm versus lesion) aids in identifying patients at higher risk for malignancy. Also, an effort in regional and worldwide variation of significance of adoption of Bethesda classification has been evaluated.

Materials and Methods

From 2018 to 2021, all patients with thyroid lesions' were evaluated for FNAC correlation with the surgical diagnosis. During this period, 1763 thyroid FNACs were reported. Histopathological examination (HPE) outcome data was available in 444 (25.2%) cases.

Results

The cytologic‐histologic diagnostic discrepancy rate was 11.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of thyroid FNA for the diagnosis of malignancy were 71.4% and 49.5%, respectively. In our study, the maximum cases were benign (84.5%). The malignancy risk for the different categories in our study, as seen by follow‐up HPE, has corroborated well with the Bethesda System.

Conclusion

The current results indicated that FNAC provides an accurate diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. The classification is directly related to the risk of malignancy in each category and this helps in accurate clinical management of that category.
Multicoloured flow cytometry to detect metastatic carcinoma in lymph node by epithelial cell adhesion molecule
Authors: Pradhan Nupur , Susheilia Shaily , Gupta Parikshaa , Kundu Reetu , Rajasekaran Sangamitra , Dey Pranab
Published: November 2022

Background

The metastatic carcinoma in the lymph node may be missed in routine fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). There are limited studies on the role of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in detecting metastatic carcinoma in the FNAC of lymph nodes by flow cytometry (FCM).

Aims

To evaluate the role of EpCAM in flow cytometry detecting metastatic carcinoma in the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the lymph node.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective study, successive 42 cases of lymph nodes were subjected to FNAC followed by flow cytometry to detect the EpCAM positive cell population. The sample was used for cytology and FCM (CD45, CD14, and EpCAM antibodies tagged with fluorochromes). The percentage of EpCAM positive cell population in each case was calculated and compared in the metastatic carcinomas and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) cases.

Result

There were 29 cases of metastatic carcinoma and 13 non‐neoplastic cases (12 RLH and one granulomatous inflammation). The average percentages of EpCAM in metastatic carcinoma and reactive lymphoid cells were 11.37 and 1.24, respectively. The independent sample t‐test showed a significant difference (0.001) in the percentage of EpCAM in the two groups. The cut of value of 3% EpCAM in FCM showed 97% sensitivity and 92% specificity to detect metastatic carcinoma in FNAC of the lymph node.

Conclusion

The percentage of EpCAM in FCM may be helpful in detecting metastatic carcinoma in the lymph node. The FCM is a rapid and quantitative test with high sensitivity and specificity.
Overview of the KMA/NIMS Atmospheric Research Aircraft (NARA) and its data archive: Annual airborne observations over the Korean peninsula
Authors: Kim Ji‐Hyoung , Goo Tae‐Young , Jung Sueng‐Pil , Kim Min‐Seong , Lee Kwangjae , Kang Myeonghun , Lee Chulkyu , Yang Jiwhi , Hong Sungeun , Ko Heejong , Yun Jong Hwan
Published: November 2022

This study describes the Korea Meteorological Administration/National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (KMA/NIMS) Atmospheric Research Aircraft (NARA) and its observational data archive. NARA has been performing annual observation flights, which are aimed at reducing the uncertainty of atmospheric observations in the observation data gap area around the Korean peninsula, since January 2018. An online system has also been constructed to provide data management, transmission, quality control and simple visualization. The mission strategy of NARA is subdivided into four individual units, namely observations of severe weather (SW), climate monitoring (CM), environmental monitoring (EM) and cloud physics and weather modification experiments (CP). As of December 2020, NARA has been launched operationally for 325 flights (corresponding to 9.02 flights per month), typically over the West Sea, mid‐inland areas (34.4% and 25.4%, respectively), and below an altitude of 3 km (51.9%). Results of intercomparison tests confirmed that NARA measurements have reasonable offsets (<0.9%) to each other in terms of pressure and temperature. Moreover, the monthly average temperature profile in the East Sea area showed a seasonal variation was detected in monthly variation. From these results, it is evident that NARA data will contribute significantly to enhancing the level of scientific understanding of atmospheric observations and the applications (i.e. long‐term study) thereof as the amount of data accumulated increases.
Contribution of inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 of supraoptic astrocytes to the regulation of vasopressin neuronal activity by hypotonicity
Authors: Jiang Yun‐Hao , Li Tong , Liu Yang , Liu Xiaoyu , Jia Shuwei , Hou Chunmei , Chen Guichuan , Wang Hongyang , Ling Shuo , Gao Qiang , Wang Xiao‐Ran , Wang Yu‐Feng
Published: November 2022

Astrocytic morphological plasticity and its modulation of adjacent neuronal activity are largely determined by astrocytic volume regulation, in which glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and potassium channels including inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 (Kir4.1) are essential. However, associations of astrocyte‐dominant Kir4.1 with other molecules in astrocytic volume regulation and the subsequent influence on neuronal activity remain unclear. Here, we report our study on these issues using primary cultures of rat pups' hypothalamic astrocytes and male adult rat brain slices. In astrocyte culture, hyposmotic challenge (HOC) significantly decreased GFAP monomer expression and astrocytic volume at 1.5 min and increased Kir4.1 expression and inwardly rectifying currents (IRCs) at 10 min. BaCl2 (100 μmol/l) suppressed the HOC‐increased IRCs, which was simulated by VU0134992 (2 μmol/l), a Kir4.1 blocker. Preincubation of the astrocyte culture with TGN‐020 (10 μmol/l, a specific AQP4 blocker) made the HOC‐increased Kir4.1 currents insignificant. In hypothalamic brain slices, HOC initially decreased and then increased the firing rate of vasopressin (VP) neurons in the supraoptic nucleus. In the presence of BaCl2 or VU0134992, HOC‐elicited rebound increase in VP neuronal activity was blocked. GFAP was molecularly associated with Kir4.1, which was increased by HOC at 20 min; this increase was blocked by BaCl2. These results suggest that HOC‐evoked astrocytic retraction or decrease in the volume and length of its processes is associated with increased Kir4.1 activity. Kir4.1 involvement in HOC‐elicited astrocytic retraction is associated with AQP4 activity and GFAP plasticity, which together determines the rebound excitation of VP neurons.
Costs of dementia with lewy bodies: A Chinese multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Guo Xia , Meng Qingbo , Zuo Meimei , Su Zhou , Gan Jinghuan , Li Xu‐Dong , Zhu Hongcan , Gang Baozhi , Niu Jinping , Liu Shuai , Ji Yong
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) significantly increases the economic burden on caregivers and society, but few studies have focused on the costs. This study aims to evaluate the current economic costs of DLB and its related factors.

Methods

A total of 193 patients diagnosed with probable DLB were consecutively enrolled from 6 memory clinics between August 2017 to July 2021. Data were collected from August to December of 2021, patients' per capita annual economic costs related to DLB in the year preceding the interview were evaluated, and factors related to the costs were assessed using regression analysis.

Results

Patients with DLB led to per capita annual total costs of US $21,378.3 in 2021, with direct medical costs, direct non‐medical costs and indirect costs of US $3471.4, US $3946.4 and US $13,960.5, respectively, accounting for 16.2%, 18.5% and 65.3%, of total costs. Factors related to the costs of DLB showed that impairments in activities of daily living (ADL) and caregivers' subjective burden had a greater impact on the total, direct medical and indirect costs.

Conclusion

The economic burden of DLB in China is huge, and indirect costs account for the largest proportion, serious impairment of the ADL and the subjective burden of caregivers, which possibly has a greater effect on costs. The substantial contributions made by family members and other unpaid caregivers of DLB should be fully recognized in strategic policy discussions and in case‐level planning and assessments.
Incidence and prognostic significance of receptor discordance between primary breast cancer and paired bone metastases
Authors: Lin Mingxi , Jin Yizi , Lv Hong , Hu Xichun , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2022

ER, PgR and HER‐2 status are the cornerstones of choosing systemic therapy for breast cancer, but can change during the disease course. Guidelines recommended the biopsy of the metastatic tumor to reassess receptor status. Bone is the most frequent metastatic site of breast cancer but remained technically difficult to biopsy. Our study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prognostic significance of receptor discordance between primary breast cancer and paired bone metastases. One hundred and fifty‐five breast cancer patients were diagnosed with pathology‐confirmed bone metastasis at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Ninety‐three patients with receptor status available on both primary tumor and bone metastases were included in our study. ER, PgR and HER‐2 status converted from positive to negative in 10.8% (10/93), 28.0% (26/93) and 8.6% (8/93) of the patients, while ER, PgR and HER‐2 status converted from negative to positive in 3.2% (3/93), 4.3% (4/93) and 1.1% (1/93) of the patients, respectively. 40.4% (17/42) of the HER2‐0 tumors converted to HER2‐low, which enabled them to receive the treatment of new antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs). Prior endocrine and anti‐HER2 therapy were the independent risk factors for receptor conversion. Loss of HR expression in bone metastases was significantly associated with worse first‐line PFS (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.271, P‐value = .039) and OS (adjusted hazard ratio = 6.09, P‐value = .011). In conclusion, our study confirmed that patients may experience receptor conversion between primary breast cancer and bone metastases, possibly influenced by prior treatments, which significantly influenced prognosis. The rebiopsy of bone metastases in patients with primary HER2‐0 tumors may benefit from the new ADC drugs.
Conbercept improves macular microcirculation and retinal blood supply in the treatment of nonischemic branch retinal vein occlusion macular edema
Authors: Huang Yikeng , Linghu Minli , Hu Weiwen , Huang Xionggao
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To investigate the effect of conbercept on macular microvascular system and retinal blood supply in the treatment of nonischemic branch retinal vein occlusion macular edema (BRVO‐ME).

Methods

Patients were divided into three groups: group A (containing 12 nonischemic BRVO‐ME eyes), group B (containing contralateral 12 healthy eyes), and group C (containing 30 cataract eyes to obtain normal aqueous humor cytokine levels). Group A received monthly intravitreal injections of conbercept for 3 months. General data and best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared among the three groups. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) results (including central macular thickness [CMT], retinal vascular density and perfusion, and foveal avascular zone [FAZ]) at baseline were compared among groups A and B. Aqueous humor cytokine levels (including VEGF, IL‐8, PDGF‐AA, TNF‐α, and ANGPTL‐4) at baseline were compared between groups A and C. Moreover, BCVA, OCTA results, and aqueous humor cytokine levels of group A before and after conbercept treatment were compared.

Result

At baseline, group A had a significantly worse BCVA, lower retinal vascular density and perfusion, and numerically larger CMT and FAZ area comparing to the group B, and had a higher aqueous cytokine level (IL‐8, VEGF, and ANGPTL‐4) comparing to the group C (all ps < 0.05). After the injection of conbercept, group A presented a better BCVA (at initial diagnosis vs. after three conbercept injections: 1.16 ± 0.51 vs. 0.81 ± 0.30, logMAR, p < 0.05), higher retinal vascular density (11.56 ± 4.73 vs. 15.88 ± 2.31, mm−1, p < 0.05) and perfusion (0.28 ± 0.12 vs. 0.39 ± 0.06, mm2, p < 0.05), smaller CMT (504.92 ± 184.11 vs. 219.83 ± 46.63, mm2, p < 0.05), as well as a lower levels of VEGF (before first injection vs. before third injection: 113.84 [70.81, 235.4] vs. 3.94 [3.56, 8.07], pg/ml, p < 0.05) and ANGPTL‐4 (45,761 [7327.5, 81,402.5] vs. 25,015.5 [6690, 43,396], pg/ml, p < 0.05). However, the average FAZ area of group A expanded (at initial diagnosis vs. after three conbercept injections: 0.41 ± 0.14 vs. 0.62 ± 0.36, mm2, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that intraocular injection of conbercept could effectively improve macular microcirculation and increase retinal blood supply in the treatment of nonischemic BRVO‐ME based on the combination of visual acuity, OCTA parameters, and aqueous humor cytokine assay results. However, further study with a larger sample size and longer observation period is still needed in the future.