bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamic interaction profile of apigenin with diclofenac in an experimental model of inflammation in rats
Authors: Mondal Arka , Dikshit Harihar , Kumar Manish , Mishra Hitesh , Mohan Lalit , Dhar Heenu
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID’s) is often limited by their side effect, necessitating the development of safer therapeutic alternatives. Apigenin, A plant flavonoid, has shown potential in enhancing the efficacy of NSAIDs while potentially reducing their adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of apigenin combined with a subtherapeutic dose of diclofenac on inflammation in a rat model, to determine whether such a combination can improve anti-inflammatory effectiveness and reduce the drug dose required.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 42 Wistar albino rats were randomised into seven groups to receive various treatments including control (normal saline), standard diclofenac (100 mg/kg), three doses of apigenin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), a subtherapeutic dose of diclofenac (50 mg/kg) and a combination of apigenin (20 mg/kg) with diclofenac (50 mg/kg). Inflammation was induced using carrageenan, and paw volume was measured at multiple time points to assess oedema. The percentage change from baseline paw volume and percentage protection against paw oedema was calculated for each group.

Results:

The study found that the combination of 20 mg/kg apigenin with 50 mg/kg diclofenac significantly enhanced the anti-inflammatory response, achieving a peak reduction in paw volume of up to 49.66% at 3 h post-administration. This was superior to the responses seen with apigenin or diclofenac alone, where the maximal dose of apigenin (40 mg/kg) only managed a peak reduction of 28.18%, and the standard dose of diclofenac (100 mg/kg) reached a peak inhibition of 66.66% at 6 h. The subtherapeutic dose of diclofenac (50 mg/kg), used alone, showed a lower peak effect of 21.47% at 3 h. These results underscore the enhanced efficacy of the combination therapy, potentially allowing for lower doses of diclofenac while maintaining effective anti-inflammatory action.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that combining apigenin with diclofenac enhances anti-inflammatory responses, supporting the potential of flavonoid-NSAID combinations as more effective and safer anti-inflammatory therapies. Future studies should explore the long-term effects and mechanisms of action to fully understand the benefits and limitations of such combinations in managing chronic inflammation.
Nail in chilblains – Clinical and onychoscopic findings with review of literature
Authors: Kuchana Prathibha , Bansal Shikha
Published: February 2025

Chilblains, characterised by an abnormal vascular response to cold and damp conditions, leads to cutaneous and nail changes. Though a common entity and a mimicker of other dreadful conditions, less data is available regarding nail changes in chilblains. We report nail findings and onychoscopic features in two patients with chilblains, a middle-aged female and a male. Clinical examination revealed tender violaceous plaques involving the lateral nail folds, dystrophy of the nail plate, distal subungual hyperkeratosis, erythronychia, splinter haemorrhages, hypopigmented scarring, nail pallor, and distal onycholysis. Onychoscopy revealed distorted lunulae, distal onycholysis, splinter haemorrhages, nail pallor, microhemorrhages involving periungual areas and nail-bed erythema. A knowledge of nail changes and onychoscopic findings in a common entity like chilblains, is essential for differentiating mimickers (including nail lichen planus, subungual melanoma) and initiating appropriate treatment.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕЖФАЗНОГО ТЕПЛООБМЕНА НА РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ АКУСТИЧЕСКИХ ВОЛН В ПОРИСТОЙ СРЕДЕ, НАСЫЩЕННОЙ ПУЗЫРЬКОВОЙ ЖИДКОСТЬЮ
Authors: ГИМАЛТДИНОВ И К. , ХУСАИНОВ И Г. , ГАЛИЕВ А Л.
Published: February 2025

Исследовано влияние межфазного теплообмена на распространение акустических волн в пористой среде, насыщенной пузырьковой жидкость. Построена математическая модель, описывающая распространение волн с учетом теплообмена между жидкостью и газом в пузырьках. Считается, жидкость и газ движутся с одинаковой скоростью. Получено дисперсионное соотношение и выписаны формулы, определяющие зависимость распространения быстрой и медленной волн в пористой среде от сил межфазного взаимодействия, от вязкости вещества скелета, а также от теплообмена между жидкостью и газом в пузырьках. Выполнен асимптотический анализ для формулы межфазного теплообмена, построены графики зависимости теплообмена от круговой частоты. Установлено, что межфазный теплообмен сильно зависит от радиуса пузырька и слабо зависит от начального значения объемной доли газовой фазы в жидкости.

The influence of interfacial heat transfer on the propagation of acoustic waves in a porous medium saturated with a bubbly liquid has been studied. A mathematical model has been constructed to describe the propagation of waves taking into account the heat exchange between liquid and gas in bubbles. It is believed that liquid and gas move at the same speed. The dispersion relation was obtained and formulas were written to determine the dependence of the propagation of fast and slow waves in a porous medium on the forces of interphase interaction, on the viscosity of the skeleton substance, as well as on the heat exchange between liquid and gas in bubbles. An asymptotic analysis was performed for the formula for interfacial heat transfer, and graphs of the dependence of heat transfer on the circular frequency were constructed. It has been established that interfacial heat transfer strongly depends on the radius of the bubble and weakly depends on the initial value of the volume fraction of the gas phase in the liquid.
АНАЛИЗ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ОБЪЕКТА ПО ПРОИЗВОДСТВУ СЖИЖЕННОГО ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ И ПОЖАРНОЙ ОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: ДАВЛЕТОВ Р Р. , НАФИКОВА Э В.
Published: February 2025

В данной статье рассматривается производство сжиженного природного газа с точки зрения негативного воздействия на окружающую среду, а также произведен анализ функционирования объекта с точки зрения пожарной безопасности. Вместе с увеличением добываемого природного и попутного газа, который является сырьем для производства сжиженного природного газа наблюдается высокая экологическая и промышленная опасность. Рассмотрены аспекты моделирования возможной обстановки в чрезвычайной ситуации, связанной с аварией на надземном газопроводе при транспортировке СПГ. Произведен расчет пожарного риска при моделируемой аварии на газопроводе.

This article examines the production of liquefied natural gas from the point of view of the negative impact on the environment, and also analyzes the functioning of the facility from the point of view offire safety. Along with the increase in produced natural and associated gas, which is the raw material for the production of liquefied natural gas, there is a high environmental and industrial hazard. Aspects of modeling a possible situation in an emergency situation associated with an accident on an overhead gas pipeline during LNG transportation are considered. A fire risk calculation was made for a simulated gas pipeline accident.
О ГРАВИТАЦИОННОМ ЗАМЕДЛЕНИИ ВРЕМЕНИ
Authors: ПОПОВ И П.
Published: February 2025

Показано, что уменьшение частот осцилляторов не является следствием гравитационного замедления времени, вызванного, в свою очередь, искривлением пространства-времени. Наоборот - замедление времени является следствием уменьшения частот осцилляторов, вызванного воздействием на них гравитирующих астрономических объектов.

It is shown that the decrease in oscillator frequencies is not a consequence of gravitational time dilation, which in turn is caused by the curvature of space-time. On the contrary, time dilation is a consequence of a decrease in the frequencies of oscillators caused by the influence of gravitating astronomical objects on them.
Alloy Reorganization and Dynamics in Group-10-metal-Gallium Nanoparticles under Reactive Atmospheres: Impact on Local Environment and Reactivity.
Authors: Pessemesse Quentin , Perochon Alexandre , Copéret Christophe , Perrin Marie-Eve L. , Payard Pierre-Adrien
Published: February 2025

Bimetallic nanoparticles are catalysts for reactions as COx hydrogenation or propane dehydrogenation. Recently, gallium has been identified as a promoter which enables dispersion of transition metal sites, raising their activity and selectivity. However, quantitative information on alloying dynamics under reaction conditions are not readily available and a gen-eral computational method to access such information is lacking. Here, an ab initio molecular dynamics workflow with enhanced sampling methods is used to probe the alloying behavior of Ni-, Pd-, and Pt-Ga nanoparticles under operating conditions (T = 600°C) in presence of H2 or CO. The three metals display different alloying behaviors with Ga: Ni forms a core surrounded by gallium, while Pd and Pt form different alloyed structures. Both H2 and CO shift the alloying state to different extents. A set of three descriptors is then proposed to compare and quantify the alloying behavior of these catalyst models: (i) the position αmin of the most stable alloying state; (ii) the curvature ηα of the free energy at αmin, re-ferred to as the alloying hardness; (iii) the skew κα of the free energy at αmin, which relates to its propensity to alloy or segregate. The cost of alloy reorganization, which correlates with alloy hardness, is a major part of the free energy barri-ers of propane dehydrogenation. Seeing as the alloying behavior of a catalyst is a critical parameter that is overlooked in catalyst design, quantitative descriptors are a first step in designing alloys with set catalytic properties.
High-yield prebiotic polymerization of 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotides under wet-dry cycling
Authors: Caimi Federico , Langlais Juliette , Fontana Francesco , Wunnava Sreekar , Bellini Tommaso , Braun Dieter , FRACCIA Tommaso Pietro
Published: February 2025

The spontaneous formation of RNA polymers is one of the most crucial yet unsolved steps in the investigation of the origin of life. RNA oligomerization from nucleotide solutions has so far been reported only with low reactivity. Here we show that 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotides of all four nucleobases efficiently polymerize without external activators when dehydrated at room temperature in a mild alkaline pH range. Oligomerization yield, Y, and the polymer length further increase by wet-dry cycling, peaking at Y ≈ 70% in guanosine solutions and Y ≥ 20% for the other nucleobases when individually solubilized. Microscopy observation during drying indicates that the guanosine reactivity is enhanced over the other nucleobases by its self-assembly propensity. We show that at pH 11, a condition disfavoring guanosine structuring, polymerization in stoichiometrically balanced solution of the four nucleotides reaches Y = 36% and well distributed inclusion of nucleobases in the chains. The simplicity of the procedure, where only water is added at each cycle, makes this process a promising candidate for the prebiotic origin of RNA oligomers on early Earth.
The Effect of Monolayers on Atomic-scale Friction in Aprotic Electrolytes: Underpotential Deposition (UPD) of Silver on I-modified Au(111)
Authors: Park Inhee , Hausen Florian , Baltruschat Helmut
Published: February 2025

Using lateral force microscopy (LFM), we investigate the frictional behavior on I-modified Au(111) during Ag underpotential deposition (UPD) in aprotic electrolytes. Force-separation (FS) curves clearly show that the solvent forms about 3 ordered layers near the iodine adlayer independent of potential. These ordered layers of solvent can be readily pushed away by the AFM tip. Regardless of solvent, transitions of the lateral adsorbate structure have been observed depending on potential and normal load, respectively. These structural transitions indicate that the structure of adsorbed iodine is very sensitive to the Ag coverage, and the tip penetrates the adsorbed iodine as normal load increases. Friction forces as function of normal load convincingly show the influence of the tip penetration on friction; plowing of the tip in the adsorbate layer leads to an additional friction force depending on potential and solvent. With increasing normal load in Ag+ containing tetraglyme (G4), friction increases steeply as the sliding tip penetrates the iodine adsorbed on Ag adlayers, in agreement with the results in aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, friction increases more drastically as the concentration of water increases. Considering the high friction on Ag monolayer after the penetration into the iodine, there are two possible causes: 1) the reduced mobility of the iodine on Ag adlayer and 2) the interaction between water adsorbed on the tip and Ag adlayers. However, in Ag+ containing PC, in spite of the penetration of the tip into the iodine adlayer, friction force dependence on load does not show a clear distinction between gold and silver substrates.
Fully-Functionalized Natural Product Probes to Expand the Chemical Tractability of the Human Proteome
Authors: Chaheine Christian , Conway Louis , Parker Christopher
Published: February 2025

Photoaffinity-based chemical proteomic (chemoproteomic) methods have emerged as a powerful means for proteome-wide mapping of ligandable proteins directly in cells as well as the concatenate discovery of small molecule chemical probes. However, due to the relatively low throughput of screening small molecule libraries by proteomics and the synthetic burden incurred in installing the requisite photoactivatable functionality on each member, great priority must be placed on library design to maximize efficient exploration of biologically-relevant chemical space and to ensure the identification of authentic binding interactions. To address this challenge, here we leverage the inherent complexity of natural products (NPs) to access structurally unique series of diastereo/regioisomeric photoaffinity probes for ligand discovery in cells. Through semi-synthesis we exploit sp3-rich NP scaffolds and employ mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomics to identify and quantify their interactions in human cells, uncovering topology, regio-, and stereoselective ligands for functionally diverse proteins that currently lack reported chemical probes. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of NP-inspired chemoproteomic libraries to expand the boundaries of the ligandable proteome.
Evolution of Dirac Nodal Arc Surface States as the Electronic Engine of Alkaline HER on Oxide-Free PtSn4 Surface
Authors: Weng Guorong , Alexandrova Anastassia N.
Published: February 2025

Dirac nodal arc semimetal PtSn4 has been experimentally shown to be a promising catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) owing to its reduced consumption of the precious metal and low overpotential. The catalytic activity of PtSn4 has been hypothetically attributed to the topologically protected surface states when the surface remains unoxidized. However, the specific involvement of its topological surface states in the HER process remains to be fully elucidated, and it is indeed in question if the topological nature of this alloy is catalytically consequential. This study stands upon the viewpoint of topological catalysis and reveals the evolution of the PtSn4 surface states within an alkaline HER cycle from first principles. We show that Sn vacancies on the pristine Sn-terminated (010) surface result in a reconstructed surface exposing both the Pt and Sn atoms. Such a reconstruction is supported by the excellent agreement between the simulated and the experimental scanning tunneling microscopy images. Hydrides then form on this surface as the resting state of the catalyst. As hydrogen atoms bind to the surface, the topologically protected Dirac node surface states respond to further reconstructions, splitting into two surface bands near the Fermi level. Through band structure and wavefunction analysis, we highlight three key surface states: initial bonding state, reserved bonding state, and antibonding state. They are responsible for driving the HER cycle through interacting with the incoming hydrogen in various stages. Despite the major perturbation created by the reaction conditions, the surface bands form a stable configuration, serving consistently as the frontier states. Thus, the topological protection allows the Dirac node surface states to be an active and evolving driver of HER catalysis on PtSn4. Our findings provide detailed evidences for the direct participation of nontrivial surface states in HER on PtSn4 when utilized as a topological catalyst.
Multicolor Digital Light Processing 3D Printing Enables Dissolvable Supports for Freestanding and Non-Assembly Structures
Authors: Mason Keldy , Kim Ji-Won , Recker Elizabeth , Nymick Jenna , Shi Mingyu , Stolpen Franz , Ju Jaechul , Page Zachariah
Published: February 2025

The limited diversity in photocurable resin chemistries has precluded access to certain geometries using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, a rapid, precise, economical, and low-waste manufacturing technology. Specifically, freestanding structures with floating overhangs (e.g., hooks) and mobile non-assembly structures that cannot be physically separated (e.g., joints) represent two such geometries that are difficult or impossible to access with contemporary DLP 3D printing. Herein, we disclose novel resins comprising photosystems that selectively react with different colors of light to form soluble thermoplastics and insoluble thermosetscs. Systematic characterization of the acrylate- and epoxy-based resins and corresponding polymers from simultaneous UV and visible (violet or blue) light exposure revealed a rapid multimaterial 3D printing process (~0.75 mm/min) capable of providing supports that dissolve in ethyl acetate, a “green” solvent, within 10 minutes at room temperature. Relative to manual support removal, the present process provides comparable or improved surface finishes and higher throughput. Finally, several proof-of-concept structures requiring dissolvable supports were 3D printed, including hooks, chains, and joints, which were scanned using computed tomography to showcase the processes geometric versatility and high fidelity. This work provides fundamental design principles for multimaterial resin chemistry and lays a foundation for automating next generation additive manufacturing.
On the Photosensitizing Properties of Aloe-Emodin in Photodynamic Therapy: Insights from the Molecular Modeling
Authors: Spiegel Maciej
Published: February 2025

The photosensitizing properties of aloe-emodin were investigated under physiological conditions using computational chemistry tools. The neutral and monoanionic species were found to coexist in a 98:2 ratio, with dissociation causing a redshift in the absorption spectrum. Aloe-emodin exhibits a two-photon absorption cross-section not smaller than 77 GM and high transition probabilities, making it an efficient photosensitizer. Excited-state dynamics analysis revealed a triplet state quantum yield of 0.51 for the neutral species and 0.79 for the anionic species (0.29 without S2 involvement), with triplet lifetimes of 47.1 s and 0.77 s, respectively. Both species show similar type I photoreactivity, but the neutral form oxidizes biomolecules more effectively during type III photoreactivity. The neutral species also intercalates DNA, especially at the AT–TA site, inducing absorption changes and structural nucleotide rearrangements. The computational results align closely with available experimental data, further confirming their reliability.
ChiralFinder: Automated Detection of Stereogenic Elements and Discrimination of Stereoisomers in Complex Molecules
Authors: Shi Runhan , Zhang Chi , Yu Gufeng , Huo Xiaohong , Yang Yang
Published: February 2025

Molecular chirality has garnered intense interest across chemical sciences, biology, and medicine. The analysis of molecular chirality and stereoisomerism, encompassing the identification of stereogenic elements and the determination of stereoisomers' configurations, is essential for the high-throughput screening of chiral drugs and the design of chiral molecules. This process necessitates automated tools that are both highly efficient and accurate. However, current computational tools often struggle with the intricacies of complex chirality beyond simple atomic chirality. Therefore, there is an urgent and significant demand for the development of sophisticated tools that can identify, represent, and explain the underlying mechanisms of molecular chirality. In this study, we introduce ChiralFinder, a computational method designed to automatically detect stereogenic elements, which are atoms or groups of atoms that form stereogenic centers, for both central and axial chirality. Additionally, ChiralFinder employs the mixed product concept to ascertain the configurations of stereoisomers. Our experimental findings indicate that ChiralFinder achieves remarkable accuracy in differentiating various conformations and effectively identifying the chiral axes in axially chiral molecules. Moreover, our methodology holds the potential for future expansion to encompass other chirality types, such as planar and helical chirality.
A REVIEW ON YAK FARMING PRATICES IN NEPAL
Authors: Joshi Purushotam
Published: February 2025

Yak farming in Nepal plays a significant role in agrobiodiversity conservation, cultural traditions, and socioeconomic development in high mountain regions. However, yak populations are facing challenges due to closed borders, grazing restrictions, and the abandonment of traditional farming practices. This paper examines the recent status of yak farming, including the decrease in population and herd sizes. It also explores housing and grazing practices, emphasizing the need for improved management and commercialization of yak farming. The study highlights the importance of yak breeds such as Chauri, their productivity, and their adaptation to lower altitudes. With limited research conducted on yaks in Nepal, this paper calls for the integration of scientific methods and indigenous knowledge to strengthen yak breeding and feeding practices. The study concludes with recommendations, including awareness programs, access to veterinary services, the establishment of milk chilling centers, genetic improvement, and the establishment of yak research centers, to support the development of yak farming in Nepal.
MEAT CHOLESTEROL CONTENT AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH MEXICAN-TEA AND FIREWEED LEAVE MEAL
Authors: Falowo Andrew B.
Published: February 2025

This study assessed the antioxidant constituent of Mexican-tea (MT) and Fireweed (FW) leave meal (LM) and its dietary effect on meat cholesterol content, and lipid and protein oxidation of broiler chickens during cold storage (0, 7 and 21days) at -210C. A total of 120 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were assigned to four treatments and designated as Diet 1 (no supplementation), Diet 2 (0.02% Vit C), Diet 3 (0.25% FWLM) and Diet 4 (0.25% MTLM). The results revealed that FWLM contained higher antioxidant contents (p < 0.05) than MTLM. The extract of FWLM exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity than MTLM extract (p < 0.05). Supplementation of FWLM and MTLM significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the cholesterol content of chicken breast muscle compared to control group. No significant effect (p <0.05) of FWLM and MTLM on meat lipid oxidation was observed throughout the storage period (0, 7 and 21d). At day 21 birds fed diet supplemented with FWLM (Diet 2) had the lowest meat protein oxidation (p < 0.05) compared to other treatments. This study showed that FWLM and MTLM could be used as feed supplements to improve quality of broiler meat.
A REVIEW ON COGRAZING OF SHEEP AND GOAT
Authors: Poudel Avishek
Published: February 2025

Sheep and goats are frequently co-grazed all over the world and have done so for a long time. It’s possible that its advantages are underappreciated, and strategies for maximizing them haven’t been well-researched. The advantages of grazing sheep and goats are primarily due to their varying tastes in plant species and parts, their capacity or willingness to eat highly unpopular forages, which would have a greater negative impact on other species, and their physical accessibility to vegetation types. Therefore, as plant diversity grows and foraging overlap decreases at the same time, the carrying capacity of grasslands, or total stocking rate, surpasses that of monoecious species. When it comes to co-grazing, appropriate stocking rates are arguably the most important management decision. With mono-species grazing, the botanical composition and available forage mass, along with variables influencing nutrient requirements like body weight and production state, preference for or willingness to consume forages present, and intended grazing duration, are significant determinants of the number of sheep and goats. Predicting mono-species stocking rates will be made easier by prior knowledge of grazing practices and animal circumstances. When co-grazing, estimates of dietary overlap should be based on the most precise technique that is currently available, which is frequently experienced or visual observation at different times of the day and in different seasons. It makes a false assumption that all animal species have an identical capacity to ingest forages, which is not necessarily the case. Moreover, stocking rate interactions that occur when the two species graze together vs separately are not considered. However, the method’s simplicity may make it useful in field settings, and it serves as an example of the significance of browse plant species in many grazing systems and the reasons management measures are often used to preserve or enhance their prevalence and vegetation variety.
A REVIEW ON SILVIPASTURE SYSTEMS RELATION WITH DIFFERENT ASPECTS
Authors: Poudel Avishek
Published: February 2025

Silvopasture systems, integrating trees, forages, and livestock, are recognized for their potential to enhance
land productivity and ecological resilience. This paper synthesizes current research on silvopastures,
emphasizing their role in mitigating climate change impacts while optimizing agricultural productivity. Key
topics explored include soil nutrient dynamics, forage quality improvement, high-density system
optimization, and ecological benefits. Silvopastures offer promising solutions, such as carbon sequestration,
enhanced livestock nutrition, and efficient land use. As a sustainable land management approach,
silvopastures provide a multifunctional blueprint for addressing environmental challenges and fostering
resilient agricultural systems in a changing world.
NON-GENETIC FACTORS INFLUENCING EXTERNAL EGG QUALITY TRAITS IN CHICKEN: A REVIEW
Authors: Bhat Ashbin Kumar , Bhandari Gayatri , Dhakal Bibek , Sharma Surya Prasad
Published: February 2025

External egg quality is an imperative concern for the global egg production sector as it directly affects consumers’ acceptability and the egg production economy. External egg quality traits comprised egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, egg volume, shape index, shell breaking strength, egg length, and egg surface area. Many factors affect external as well as internal egg quality parameters. This review paper thus focuses on the non-genetic factors that influence the external egg quality traits in chickens. This review mainly aims to address and improve the external egg quality ensuring good quality eggs. Different journals were searched and studied on related topics before starting the review. The journals were selected from different parts of the world randomly visualizing the overall condition of poultry eggs and their external egg quality characteristics. Here, non-genetic factors enclosed are nutritional factors such as calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins; housing system, stress, age, geographical factors, and pathological factors, are regarded as standard measurement standards; different factors influence the external egg quality in different ways. Knowledge of various aspects that influence external egg quality characteristics is paramount for producing eggs with greatly improved quality, thus research should be conducted to improve such characteristics.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) PRODUCTION IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Oluleye Oladayo Daniel , Alabi Olugbenga Omotayo , Bayei Joseph Dauda , Isah Hassan , Aluwong Jeremiah Samuel , Atteh Paul Akinwumi , Okoh Sarah Oowo , Olawoye Tosin , Olajide Opemipo Rachael , Olumuyiwa Babaranti Abake , Haruna Ojuh Ezekiel
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated economic efficiency and profitability analysis of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) production in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The sampling design employed for this research was a multi-stage sampling technique. A total sample size of 140 catfish farmers was selected. Primary sources of data were used and the data were obtained by administering a well-designed and well-structured questionnaire to the respondent. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting technique, gross margin analysis, financial analysis, stochastic production frontier efficiency model, Tobit dichotomous regression model, and principal component model. The results show that about 70% of the catfish farmers are male, and the average age of catfish farmers was 39 years. The kinds of fish pond used include concrete, earthen, tarpaulin, cage, and plastics, the capacity of fish pond was 1706 fingerlings. The gross margin and net farm income was 886,250,51 Naira and 865, 021.37 Naira per production cycle respectively. This implies that catfish production is profitable. The mean economic, technical and allocative efficiencies are 36.97%, 61.89% and 59.73% respectively. This left inefficiency gaps of 63.03%, 38.11% and 40.27% for improvement. The significant factors influencing economic efficiency of catfish production include age, farming experience, educational level, fish feed, drugs, fingerlings, and pond size. The constraints facing catfish farmers include lack of credit facilities, high cost of fingerlings, high cost of feeds, problem of pests, diseases, and predators, lack of access to markets, and lack of access to land. The study recommended that credit facilities should be provided for catfish farmers at low interest rate devoid of cumbersome administrative procedures. The fish feeds, fingerlings, drugs, and chemical inputs should be provided for catfish farmers at affordable prices.
A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF PARAMPHISTOMUM IN BUFFALOES OF SIDDHARTHANAGAR MUNICIPALITY, RUPANDEHI, NEPAL
Authors: Pasi Gopal , Khanal Rashok , Shah Shambhu
Published: February 2025

Paramphistomosis is one of the most commonly described serious gastrointestinal parasitic infections in buffaloes, is distributed all over the world, especially tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. This disease causes considerable economic losses to the farmers. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Paramphistomum in buffaloes of Siddharthanagar municipality, Rupandehi, Nepal. This cross-sectional study was carried out during July 2021 to September 2021. A total of 244 fecal samples were examined using direct smear method and simple sedimentation method as described by Soulsby. Prevalence association with sex, breed, age, feeding method, deworming status and interval were analyzed using SPSS version_ 25 at 5% significance and 95% confidence level. Overall 31.56% prevalence recorded. Prevalence according to age, deworming status and deworming interval wise was recorded statistically significant (p < .05). Age wise prevalence was 10%, 21.74%, 33.85% and 45.83% in buffaloes of less than one year, 1-2-year, 2-4 year and more than 4 years respectively. Sex wise a greater number of females (33.85%) were found positive than males (22.45%) but the relation was statistically non-significant (p > .05). Breed and feeding method wise prevalence was observed non-significant (p > .05). The study suggested that there is high prevalence of Paramphistomosis in buffaloes of Siddharthanagar municipality, Rupandehi. Non-dewormed, occasionally dewormed and productive buffaloes are found more susceptible than the young and calves.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CASHEW LEAF POWDER AND A BLEND OF PROBIOTIC, PREBIOTIC, AND ACIDIFIER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Oloruntolaa Olugbenga David , Falowo Andrew Bamidele , Olarotimi Olumuyiwa Joseph , Ayodele Simeon Olugbenga , Asaniyan Emmanuel Kehinde , Adeniji Olufemi Emmanuel , Ayodele Ojurereoluwa Adebimpe
Published: February 2025

The poultry industry continually seeks innovative strategies to optimize broiler performance and address the challenges posed by tropical climates. This study evaluated the influence of Cashew Leaf Powder and a blend of Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Acidifier on the performance metrics of broiler chickens, focusing on parameters such as body weight gain, feed efficiency, and antioxidant enzyme activity, under the specific environmental conditions of tropical climates. A total of 240 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens (6 replicate/diet; 10 birds/replicate) were distributed across 4 dietary treatments: control/no supplement, 250 mg/kg blend of Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Acidifier, 2,500 mg/kg Cashew Leaf Powder and 250 mg/kg BPPA+2,500mg/kg Cashew Leaf Powder and labelled diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The broiler chickens’ body weight gain in supplemented diets (diets 2, 3, and 4) was significantly (P<0.05) greater than in diet 1 during the finishing phase (22-42 days) and overall growing period (1-42 days). The serum albumin concentrations were considerately (P<0.05) higher in diets 2, 3 and 4 than in diet 1, while aspartate aminotransferase levels were lower (P<0.05) in 2, 3 and 4 than in diet 1. The birds’ glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were greater (P<0.05) in the 2, 3 and 4 than in diet 1. The 250 mg/kg blend of Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Acidifier and 500 mg/kg Cashew Leaf Powder dietary supplementation improved the birds’ body weight gain and antioxidant standing.
AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TOXINS AND TOXIN BINDERS IN POULTRY
Authors: Ghimire Netra Prasad , Yadav Bishnu
Published: February 2025

Globally, Cereal grains are a major feed source for poultry, which are likely to be contaminated by different toxins. When provided to birds, those contaminated feeds can cause serious hazards and illness in poultry species. Thus, toxins in the feed must be detoxified to protect birds from major disorders. Recent trends directly focus on using substances that reduce toxin contamination. Regardless of chemical and natural origin, these substances are supplemented to poultry feed to counteract toxins, termed toxin binders. They act by reducing the adsorption of harmful substances from the alimentary canal, which is directly distributed to the bloodstream and target organs causing significant health hazards in poultry, such as mycotoxicosis. This investigation presents current relevancy and knowledge for utilising toxin binders in poultry feed. Recent information on the effects, efficiency, trends and performances associated with applications of toxin binders in the field are discussed in this paper.
THARPARKER INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo Cristatus) GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; EXPLORED BY MITOCHONDRIAL DNA D-LOOP MARKER
Authors: Hussain Tanveer , Babar Masroor Ellahi , Musthafa Muneeb , Wajid Abdul , Sukhera Hassan Ali , Ali Rizwan , Marikar Faiz M. M. T.
Published: February 2025

The blue peafowl from the genus Pavo is the largest species among both of its wild and domestic types, which is widely distributed in the habitats of Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to have an insight of molecular diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Pavo cristatus on the basis of mitochondrial D-loop region. A total of six samples were collected from the Lahore Zoo and Safari Park Lahore. The whole genome was extracted by using standard protocol with minor modification. PCR amplification was done by using a set of mitochondrial D loop primer. Codon Code Aligner 5.1.5 was used for the sequence alignment and data analysis. Three C/T heterozygous loci were found at position 168, 170 and 223. One A/G heterozygous locus was observed at position 234. One insertion of A at 137, one transversion C>G at 190 and three transition mutation were observed at position 206, 222 and 236 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with the help of MEGA 6 software using neighbor joining method which revealed that our individuals are closely related with the Japanese Pavo cristatus. Moreover, this Japanese and Pakistan species sharing their common ancestor. Our samples are clearly placed themselves in one clade while all other related species are in another clade which predict the substantial divergence between Pakistani and other studies D loop regions of peacocks.
Onomatopoeias as iconic symbols in the lyrics of R. M. Rilk
Authors: Bezugla Liliia
Published: February 2025

The article presents the concept of creative iconicity of a poetic text based on the analysis of onomatopoeias as iconic symbols in R. M. Rilke’s lyrics. The relevance of the research is proven, on the one hand, by the linguosemiotic approach, which is based on the cognitive understanding of iconicity: an analogy between a sign and the embodiment of the object of reality it denotes in the mind of the subject who uses and perceives the sign. On the other hand, considering onomatopoeias as iconic symbols in Rilke’s lyrics is a new research perspective in Rilke studies, which allows us to deepen the understanding of the peculiarities of his musicalized speech. The purpose of the article is to establish the specifics of symbolic-iconic semiosis based on onomatopoeias in R. M. Rilke’s lyrics using the methods of linguosemiotic, linguopoetic, cognitive-semantic and interpretive analysis. Symbolic-iconic semiosis is understood as the interaction of symbolic and iconic meaning making in a poetic text through a language sign, which constitutes a symbiosis of symbol and icon, i. e. iconic symbol. Onomatopoeias not only denote an acoustic phenomenon, but also reflect, depict, imitate it, reproducing the sound of certain objects of reality. The creative iconicity of R. M. Rilke’s poetic texts, created by onomatopoeias as iconic symbols, demonstrates four cognitive types: nominal, attributive, actional and emotive. The basis of this typology is the type of signified meaning that is subject to imitation – subject, property, action concept or emotion/feeling. The specificity of symbolic-iconic semiosis based on onomatopoeias in R. M. Rilke’s lyrics lies in their interaction with a wide range of stylistic tools: metrics, graphics, phonetic figures, lexical repetitions, occasionalisms, syntactic figures, metaphor, metonymy, comparison. In such a context, even integrated onomatopoeias, the onomatopoeic origin of which is hidden behind semantic changes, appear as iconic symbols, which allows the poet to create poetic texts with a high degree of iconicity.
Migration discourse: a cognitive-pragmatic vantage point
Authors: Shevchenko Iryna
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on the English-language migration discourse and aims to develop its methodology through the lens of cognitive pragmatics and cognitively oriented critical discourse analysis. The analysis is underpinned by understanding of discourse against a social, pragmatic, and cognitive background, which postulates the unity of cognitive and pragmatic aspects of migration discourse. This paper focuses on the 2024 USA presidential election as a case study. First, I studied the discourse-generating concept of migrant represented in Donald Trump’s utterances by lexemes, word-combinations, and cognitive metaphors. Then with the help of critical discourse analysis framework I singled out discourse strategies of migration discourse in the Republican Party Platform and in Harris – Trump presidential debate. In the 2024 USA presidential election campaign, the written migration discourse of the Republican Party sought to evoke negative emotions and included populist content. I argue that in his speeches at public events, Donald Trump often generated dramatization, both verbally and non-verbally, and engaged in negative campaigning concerning the issues of migrants and migration. Migration discourse that involved negative campaigning and evoked negative emotions towards migrants yielded high voters engagement. Negative, exaggerated, and sensationalized style of argumentation in migration issues is a strategic tool of Donald Trump’s political discourse, intentionally meant to reach the voters both rationally and subconsciously. Republican migration discourse is ethno- and culturally specified; its strategies bear the features of xenophobic ethno-cultural stereotypes that are underpinned by cognitive ‘immigrants-as-home-invaders’ scenario based on discursive narrowing of the conceptual space of migrant as compared to that of citizen.
Re-discovering Potebnya: the scholar’s observations and the translator’s notes
Authors: Rebrii Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

The article deals with studying the heritage of the outstanding Ukrainian philologist Oleksandr Potebnya and specifics of translating his main linguophilosophical works into Ukrainian. The research was substantiated by the relevance of O. Potebnya’s ideas for the development of philology both in Ukraine and internationally, especially such its major branches as linguistics, literary studies and translation studies. The article pursues a double aim: (1) to outline a range of problems initiated by the scientist that are of a potential interest for the Ukrainian researchers today and thus to contribute to further popularization of O. Potebnya’s heritage in the academic circles; (2) to describe the strategy and difficulties of translating O. Potebnya’s works into Ukrainian. The implementation of this aim required the use of a number of different methods such as: analysis and synthesis (for determining relevant provisions of O. Potebnya’s theory and their extrapolation into the modern philological dimension), linguostylistic analysis (for determining specifics of the author’s individual style as a scientist), self-reflection (for determining the strategy of translation and factors that determined it), comparative analysis (for determining the difficulties of translation and ways of overcoming them). During all his academic career, O. Potebnya investigated the interrelations between human mind, language and speech. His most distinguished work in this domain is “Thought and language”, in which he not only elaborates on Wilhelm von Humboldt’s theory of linguistic determinism, but also proposes his own concept of a word structure as a combination of a form, meaning and concept (that later on evolved into the theory of a word’s internal form). Among O. Potebnya’s prognostic ideas permeating his works the most outstanding are those relating to the language as a system and structure, the word as a sign and a means of reality’s conceptualization and categorization, ties between language, science and arts (multimodality). The strategy of translation was implemented with emphasis on the original and the author’s individual style, and its main difficulties were connected with archaic terminology, culture specific illustrative material and intertextual inclusions.
The use of music and song materials in English at Chinese primary schools
Authors: Kostikovа Ilona , Jiang Haozhe
Published: February 2025

Relevance. The preface to the Standards of the English language curriculum for primary schools in China states that the curriculum should develop comprehensive language skills, change the process of learning English to the process of actively forming learners’ English language skills. The purpose of the study is to characterize the introduction of music and song materials at English lessons to create an artificial environment in primary schools in China. The tasks of the research are to characterize the theoretical basis for the use of music and song materials; to give examples of modern possibilities of using digital resources from the British Council in China to create an artificial English-speaking environment; to provide practical tips for using music and song materials at English lessons from the British Council in China with “LearnEnglish Kids” digital resource. The results of the study confirm the theoretical justification of the use of music and song materials through the theory of multiple intelligences by H. Hardner, namely through linguistic and musical intelligences, as well as through the hypothesis of the affective filter by S. Krashen. The practical pieces of advice on creating an artificial English-speaking environment are based on the digital resources from the British Council in China, that has been working for 45 years, since 1979. The digital resource “LearnEnglish Kids”, from British Council is particularly useful for primary schools. The digital resources may be connected by using Chinese digital apps such as Weibo, Douban, Youku, WeChat. The practical principles of using music and song materials at English lessons in primary schools in China are outlined. It creates an artificial English-speaking environment. The examples are given with the specific songs for listening, speaking, reading; the songs are “People work”, “In my dreams”, “Feelings are feelings”, “Turkey Trouble”, “Happy New Year”, “Santa, Santa, high in the sky”, “Ramadan chant”. The conclusion is teaching English in primary schools in China becomes significantly effective when an artificial English-speaking environment is created with the help of music and song materials. It affects positively to the improvement of learners’ active listening, speaking, and reading skills, that contributes to their success in learning English. The use of digital resources becomes particularly useful, namely the resources from the British Council in China.
CULTURAL DIPLOMACY FRAMES IN BRICS: FORMATION OF FOUNDATIONS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Delovarova Leila , Turarbekova Dayana
Published: February 2025

The article examines the BRICS countries’ cultural diplomacy in the light of globalization and its impact on international relations. Nowadays, when international issues and dangers necessitate coordinated actions to maintain peace and stability, cultural diplomacy becomes a crucial instrument to foster understanding and collaboration between nations. This article explores the successes and difficulties of cultural diplomacy among the BRICS nations, as well as its importance in promoting multipolarity and balancing international relations. The 16th BRICS Summit Kazan Declaration, which was approved at the summit and assigns the job of updating cultural diplomacy strategies in light of shifting geopolitical circumstances, receives particular attention. The authors investigate how cultural diplomacy and its external strategy in the BRICS nations and worldwide trends may be impacted by recent political and social developments. The study draws conclusions regarding the importance of cultural diplomacy as a means of strengthening the system of international relations, challenges and prospects.