bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Czy radio cyfrowe jest przyszłością radiofonii w Polsce?
Authors: Ostrowska Marta
Published: April 2022

Mimo że środki masowego przekazu na całym świecie poddane zostały procesowi cyfryzacji, radio w Polsce wciąż pozostaje analogowe. Media w standardzie analogowym, na przykład telewizja, uznane zostały już dawno za przestarzałe. Jednak temat cyfryzacji radiofonii wciąż stanowi przedmiot ożywionych dyskusji w środowisku medialnym, a wiedza na jego temat wśród społeczeństwa jest ograniczona.

Wprowadzanie standardu cyfrowego na rynek jako rozwiązanie docelowe wiąże się z problemami, z którymi należy się zmierzyć niezależnie od systemu i struktury rynkowej. Trudności, takie jak koszty równoległej emisji analogowej i cyfrowej, niewystarczająca wiedza na temat radia cyfrowego czy niechęć wykorzystania standardu przez dużych nadawców komercyjnych występują również w innych krajach europejskich. Na podstawie obserwacji chronologii wprowadzanych tamże zmian można określić działania, jakie należałoby podjąć w Polsce, by optymalnie przeprowadzić proces implementacji technologii cyfrowej do emisji radiowej.
Epidemiology of Leprosy in Indonesia: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Lubis Ramona Sari , Anum Qaira , Argentina Fifa , Menaldi Sri Linuwih , Gunawan Hendra , Yuniati Renni , Mulianto Nur Rachmat , Siswati Agnes Sri , Widasmara Dhelya , Rusyati Luh Made Mas , Mamuaja Enricco Hendra , Muchtar Vitayani , Agusni Regitta Indira , Kusumaputra Bagus Haryo , Alinda Medhi Denisa , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto
Published: April 2022

Background: According to WHO data, the number of new cases of leprosy has decreased in 2019. However, Indonesia continues to provide a significant number of cases. According to statistics, India, Brazil, and Indonesia account for 79 percent of all instances. Purpose: This study aims to describe the profile of leprosy patients, and involves all Dermatology and Venereology Academic Hospitals in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a retrospective study of 2461 patients from Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic at 13 Academic Hospitals in Indonesia between January 2018 and December 2020. Result: Subjects in this study were dominated by males (66.8%) and aged > 14 years (95.3%). The most common type of leprosy was multibacillary (MB) (86.2%), and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) was the most leprosy reaction (20.3%). Majority of the subjects experienced disability in the hands (26.6%), in grade 1. Conclusion: Leprosy cases in Indonesia are mostly experienced by adult males. The most common type of leprosy is MB, with ENL being the most common leprosy reaction. Grade 1 disability is the most prevalent, therefore proper education is necessary to keep patients from progressing to grade 2 disability.
Validity and Reliability Test of Vitiligo Quality of Life Index (VitiQoL) Indonesian Version in Vitiligo Patients
Authors: Giantoro Jeffrey , Waskito Fajar , Radiono Sunardi
Published: April 2022

Background: Vitiligo is a multifactorial skin disorder that causes depigmentation. Vitiligo can affect a patient's quality of life due to aesthetic issue. The prevalence of vitiligo in the world is 0.5 – 1.0%. An instrument for measuring the quality of life that is specific to vitiligo patients in Indonesia is required. Purpose: This study aims to translate the Vitiligo Specific Quality of Life (VitiQoL) questionnaire into Indonesian: and assess the validity and reliability of the Indonesian language VitiQoL as a quality of life instrument. Methods: An observational method with analytical survey and cross-sectional approach was conducted on 48 vitiligo patients at Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta in May – September 2021. The research was carried out in 3 stages. The first stage was the translation of VitiQoL into Indonesian and then back into English. The second and third stages were measuring the validity and reliability of the VitiQoL Indonesian version. Result: The validity test using Pearson product moment showed that the average correlation coefficient for each question is 0.683. Reliability test using Cronbach's alpha of 0.924 VitiQoL. VitiQoL has 3 domains, namely limited participation, stigma, and behavior. The correlation of each domain has a value range of 0.756 - 0.918 with a variation of Cronbach's alpha value per item ranging from 0.808 - 0.89. The limited participation domain (84.2%) has the largest contribution to the value of quality of life. Conclusion: The Indonesian language VitiQoL as an instrument with good validity and reliability can be used to measure the quality of life of vitiligo patients in Indonesia.
A Case Report of Tinea Capitis in Children: Utility of Trichoscopy
Authors: Harningtyas Citra Dwi , Ervianti Evy , Astari Linda , Anggraeni Sylvia , Widia Yuri
Published: April 2022

Background: Tinea capitis (TC) is the most prevalent pediatric superficial dermatophyte infection. Scalp dermoscopy or “trichoscopy” represents a valuable, noninvasive technique for the evaluation of patients with hair loss due to TC. Purpose: To characterize trichoscopic findings in children with clinical findings suggestive of TC. Case:  A 13-year-old boy was presented with a scaled plaque on his scalp that had appeared 1 month earlier. A physical examination revealed a scaly, nonerythematous, rounded lesion in the parietal area of the head. Wood’s lamp yielded a blue fluorescence. Microscopic morphology from fungal culture found the typical spindle-shaped macroconidia of Microsporum canis. Trichoscopy showed mainly comma hair, corkscrew hair, morse code hair, bent hair, and zig zag hair. The patient was started on oral griseofulvin 20 mg/kg/day and antifungal shampoo for 8 weeks. The patient was cured after two months of treatment and trichoscopy returned to normal. Discussion: Fungal culture remains the gold standard in TC diagnosis, but it needs time. Trichoscopy can be an additional tool to help evaluate the diagnosis, aetiology, and follow up of this disorder. The presence of characteristic trichoscopic features (comma hairs, corkscrew hairs, Morse code-like hairs, zigzag hairs, bent hairs, block hairs, and i-hairs) is predictive of TC. The present analysis confirmed that trichoscopy is a useful method in differentiating between Microsporum and Trichophyton TC, which is important from the perspective of a different therapeutic approach. Conclusion: Trichoscopy is not only of value in the diagnosis of TC but also for the etiologic agent and follow-up after treatment in this case.
IMEMO in the First Half of the 2000s (Results of the Research)
Authors: Cherkasov P.
Published: April 2022

The article summarizes the results of the IMEMO academic affairs in the first half of the 2000s. Like before, the Institute combined fundamental theoretical and applied research. In its work, IMEMO focused on the study of global, regional and national problems of the modern world. An important achievement of the Institute during these years was the prepared long-term forecast of the world economy development until 2015. The annual (2000–2005) analytical reports on the study of armed conflicts, their prevention and control, as well as of global and regional trends in the development of military expenses can be considered another achievement of this kind. These reports were prepared at IMEMO together with the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). IMEMO’s accomplishments include the fundamental work “Transitional Economy: Theoretical Aspects, Russian Problems, International Experience”. In this research, the theoretical problems of the transitional economy were deeply investigated with an emphasis on the achievements of world economic thought, international and accumulated Russian experience of transitional processes was analyzed. The IMEMO scientists were involved in comparative analysis of the influence of new factors (globalization, information civilization, integration processes, international terrorism, etc.) on modern Russia and foreign countries. Along with theoretical research, the Institute regularly prepared analytical materials and expert opinions for the Administration of the President of Russia, the Government, the Federation Council and the State Duma. The IMEMO employees took part in the preparation of materials for the annual messages of the President of Russia to the Federal Assembly, gave their recommendations on military reform and updating the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation. The Institute was engaged in constant monitoring of the economic and internal situation in various regions and major states of the modern world. The focus of IMEMO analysts was the foreign policy of the United States, the European Union countries, the states of the Middle East, Central Asia and Latin America, as well as the Asia-Pacific region. This ongoing work was carried out in various departments and sectors of the Institute. The author presents the directions and main results of the work of these scientific departments. In general, one of the indicators of the overall performance of IMEMO in 2001–2006 are 256 monographs, collections of scientific papers, conference materials, brochures and reports published by its employees. During these years, the results of current work began to be posted on the IMEMO website.
“Low-Level Equilibrium Trap” as an Economic Premise of the Syrian Conflict
Authors: Matveev I.
Published: April 2022

The article contains a country case study of the pre-conflict Syrian Arab Republic of the 2000s illuminating the “low-level equilibrium trap.” This universal theoretical notion was developed in the 1950s by R. Nelson for developing countries. It monitors dynamics in the balance between insufficient savings, investments, relatively low income per capita, and high rates of demographic growth. The relevant imbalances largely caused the failure of attempts carried out in the 2000s by the Syrian authorities to secure a quick transfer from the “Socialist heritage” to the socially oriented market economy. The latter was viewed through the lenses of the “Modern Syria” national concept as the Syrian authorities were de-facto trying to copy the experiences of the People’s Republic of China. In pre-conflict Syria, by hampering sustainable development, the above-mentioned “stalemated balance,” i. e. stagnation, could be compared with other challenges for the Syrian economy like the “poverty trap” along with the “security trap” which emerged after the outbreak of the conflict. Examining for the first time the Syrian version of the “low-level equilibrium trap” together with the dichotomy of premises has acquired practical importance in terms of understanding the genuine roots of the Syrian conflict. It allows the author to acknowledge that the conflict itself has been inspired not by hostile activities of foreign actors only but by domestic drivers as well. The author analyzes the “strength” as a key feature of the “low-level equilibrium trap” which determines perspectives of exiting it with the impact of multiple factors and comparing Syria with neighboring countries. The problematic nature of the above-mentioned feature is likely to be kept after the start of the full-scale post-conflict reconstruction with the Syrians returning to a peaceful life. Finding an exit from the “low-level equilibrium trap” to ensure the effectiveness of the national economy presents an imperative.
Insights Into the Mechanisms of Lactobacillus acidophilus Activity Against Entamoeba histolytica by Using Thiol-Redox-Proteomics
Authors: Sarid Lotem , Zanditenas Eva , Ye Jun , Trebicz-Geffen Meirav , Ankri Serge
Published: April 2022

Amebiasis is an intestinal disease transmitted by the protist parasite, Entamoeba histolytica. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a common inhabitant of healthy human gut and a probiotic that has antimicrobial properties against a number of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate the amebicide activity of L. acidophilus and its mechanisms. For this purpose E.histolytica and L.acidophilus were co-incubated and the parasite’s viability was determined by eosin dye exclusion. The level of ozidized proteins (OXs) in the parasite was determined by resin-assisted capture RAC (OX-RAC). Incubation with L.acidophilus for two hours reduced the viability of E.histolytica trophozoites by 50%. As a result of the interaction with catalase, an enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen, this amebicide activity is lost, indicating that it is mediated by H2O2 produced by L.acidophilus. Redox proteomics shows that L. acidophilus triggers the oxidation of many essential amebic enzymes like pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, the lectin Gal/GalNAc and cysteine proteases (CPs). Further, trophozoites of E.histolytica incubated with L.acidophilus show reduced binding to mammalian cells. These results support L.acidophilus as a prophylactic candidate against amebiasis.
A Quantum-Chemical Study of Boro-Fullerenes B60H60 , B60F30H30 , and B60F60
Authors: Oña Ofelia B. , Ferrer Maxime , Alcoba Diego R. , Torre Alicia , Lain Luis , Massaccesi Gustavo , Klein Douglas J. , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Oliva-Enrich Josep M.
Published: April 2022

The one-to-one structural correspondence between any conjugated hydrocarbon CnHm and the borane BnHm+n is extended here, with the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ model, to pure conjugated carbon systems with the example of buckminsterfullerene C60 with the corresponding icosahedral isoelectronic system closo-borane B60H60, and the fluorine substituted systems B60F30H30 and B60F60 , all with icosahedral Ih symmetry. All systems correspond to energy minima in the potential energy hypersurface, except for B60(F30)in(H30)out . Selected electronic structure methods are used to characterize all systems: molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP), atomic charges, bond orders, and topological properties of the electron density within quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) and electron-localization function (ELF) theory. In the particular case of B60H60 we use the recently developed Hückeloid model to characterize this system. The stability of the energy minimum icosahedral structure B60F60 could have an origin in F···F attractive interactions of the inner fluorine atoms of the cage.
Complex Mutation Pattern of Omicron BA.2: Evading Antibodies without Losing Receptor Interactions
Authors: Kannan Saathvik R. , Spratt Austin N. , Sharma Kalicharan , Sönnerborg Anders , Apparsundaram Subbu , Lorson Christian , Byrareddy Siddappa N. , Singh Kamal
Published: April 2022

BA.2, a sublineage of Omicron BA.1, is now prominent in many parts of the world. Early reports indicate that BA.2 is more infectious than BA.1. To gain insight into BA.2 mutation profile and the resulting impact of mutations on interaction with receptor and/or monoclonal antibodies, we analyzed available se-quences, structures of Spike/receptor, and Spike/antibody complexes, and conducted molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that BA.2 has 50 high-prevalent mutations compared to 48 in BA.1. Seventeen BA.1 mutations are not present in BA.2. Instead, BA.2 has 19 unique mutations and a signature Delta variant mutation (G142D). Intriguingly, the BA.2 has 28 signature mutations in Spike, compared to 30 in BA.1. This is due to two revertant mutations S446G and S496G in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), making BA.2 somewhat similar to Wuhan-Hu-1 (WT), which has G446 and G496. The molecular dynamics simulations showed that the RBD consisting of G446/G496 is more stable than S446/S496 containing RBD. Thus, our analyses suggest that BA.2 has evolved with novel mutations (i) to maintain receptor binding similar to WT, (ii) evade the antibody binding greater than BA.1, and (iii) acquire mutation of the Delta variant that may be associated with the high infectivity.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 02.04.2022 г. по 08.04.2022 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Краснов Ярослав , Чумачкова Елена , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: April 2022

В обзоре представлена актуальная информация по распространению геновариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) на основе их геномов, размещенных в базе GISAID за неделю с 02.04.2022 г. по 08.04.2022 г.
ESRU Model in ESP Context: Insight from EFL Teacher’s Practice
Authors: Milawati Milawati - , Rohmah Nurir , Alim Helmy Sahirul
Published: April 2022

To carry out formative assessments, the ESRU model is used to analyze all utterances indicated as teachers' strategies in implementing informal formative assessments. The ESRU model begins with the initiation of the teacher in asking questions to generate student thoughts, then the students provide responses to the teacher's initiation questions. Furthermore, student responses can be recognized by teachers and teachers provide feedback on student responses. A case study on ESP classes was observed to investigate in depth information dealing with the ESRU Model implementation. It revealed that teacher-students interaction was dominantly occured, teacher can use information to support learning and modify their learning to help students achieve learning targets that are determined together. Thus the existing gap can be minimized, both students and teachers can benefit from the information obtained from informal formative assessments.
APLICABILIDAD DE LA NORMATIVA DE DEFENSA DE CONSUMIDORES Y USUARIOS EN LAS COMPRAVENTAS ON-LINE A LA LUZ DE LA JURISPRUDENCIA EUROPEA
Authors: Ortega Rueda José David
Published: April 2022

Uno de los mayores éxitos alcanzados por la Unión Europea ha sido la constitución del mercado interior. Definido en el artículo 26.2 del TFUE como un espacio sin fronteras interiores donde se garantiza la libre circulación de mercancías, personas, servicios y capitales, a su existencia se debe buena parte del progreso social y del desarrollo económico que tanto han beneficiado a la ciudadanía europea. Este universo de libertad, fundado en la integración de los mercados nacionales en torno a unos principios y regulación comunes, ha tenido como consecuencia que las operaciones económicas fácilmente puedan trascender los límites de los Estados miembros. De este modo se favorece la competitividad ya que, en la medida que aumenta la oferta de bienes y servicios, se propicia la aparición de dos efectos igualmente deseables: una potencial mejora de la calidad y la necesaria exigencia del ajuste de precios.
EL TRIBUNAL SUPREMO VUELVE INNECESARIAMENTE A LA DOCTRINA SOBRE LA IRRELEVANCIA DE LA CLÁUSULA DE PAGO A PRIMER REQUERIMIENTO STS 217/2019
Authors: Espigares Huete José Carlos
Published: April 2022

Nos da la sensación de que el TS ha vuelto innecesariamente a complicar el debate sobre las garantías “a primer requerimiento”. Creemos, además, que los términos en que el conflicto se había planteado no lo exigían.
EL LOOK-ALIKE COMO NUEVO FRENTE EN LA INFRACCIÓN DE MARCAS
Authors: Bonmatí Sánchez Jose
Published: April 2022

El look-alike es una práctica cada vez más habitual en el mercado, que implica imitar las formas de comercialización del producto de un tercero, sin vulnerar los elementos denominativo y gráfico de la marca. Tras el cuestionable precedente recogido por el Tribunal Supremo en 2015, la Audiencia Provincial de Alicante, como Tribunal de Marca de la Unión Europea, ha dejado la puerta abierta a fortalecer la protección de las marcas frente a este tipo de prácticas.
Flexibilidad cognitiva y Control inhibitorio en Pacientes con Cardiopatía Isquémica
Authors: Fontana Silvia Alicia , Raimondi Waldina , Schmidt Carlos Daniel , González Pamela Karen
Published: April 2022

Marco teórico: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares presentan un desafío importante en la atención sanitaria. En la actualidad la línea de investigación es la relación que existe entre enfermedad cardiovascular, los factores de riesgo y los déficits cognitivos; considerando que la cardiopatía isquémica afecta tanto al corazón como al cerebro. El propósito de éste estudio fue evaluar el control inhibitorio y flexibilidad cognitiva en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica. Método: Durante mayo-diciembre de 2014 se evaluaron 82 pacientes de ambos sexos y 59,23 (DE = 14,05) años de edad, utilizando el Test de clasificación de tarjetas Wisconsin y el Stroop test de colores y palabras. Resultados: Los pacientes manifestaron alteraciones en todas las funciones ejecutivas valoradas, siendo la franja etaria media (50-59 años) la que mostró rendimientos más bajos. Conclusiones: Se destaca la importancia de ampliar la investigación de las funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica o con factores de riesgo en edades medias de la vida.
Eino Kaila: Logical Empiricism in Scandinavia
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Lamberov Lev D.
Published: April 2022

The paper is devoted to the personality and philosophical views of Eino Kaila (1890–1958). The paper contains a brief biography of the Finnish philosopher, de­scribes his relationship with representatives of the Vienna Circle, gives an overview of his philosophical position. The ideas of E. Kaila are closely related to the ideas of the proponents of neopositivism. However, he resolutely rejects the phenomenalism and criticism of realism proposed by M. Schlick and R. Carnap, and also critically evaluates the principle of verification, the possibility of translating any given single sentence of a scientific theory into the language of experience and the possibility of final verification or falsification of scientific theories. Thus, E. Kaila in a sense an­ticipates the holistic point of view in the spirit of W.V.O. Quine and a number of I. Lakatos ideas. One of the main ideas of the thinker consists in the adoption of structural realism, according to which structures exist before objects, appear in regu­larities and invariants, and are grasped by researchers by means of abstraction and mathematization. The professional activity of E. Kaila played a significant role in defining the philosophical atmosphere in the Scandinavian countries and served there as the beginning of the development of analytic philosophy, which later be­came the dominant philosophical tradition.
The Mathematical Discipline of Thought in the Light of Heidegger’s Fundamental Ontology
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Antipenko Leonid G.
Published: April 2022

The key question in the mathematical discipline of thought is the question of the foundations of mathematics. To a large extent, this question boils down to the question of logic, which is guided in the construction of the architec­ture of mathematics (N. Bourbaki). Most mathematicians, with the exception of intuitionists, rely in their work on classical, extensional, logic, expressed through mathematical terminology. Here is the construction of axiomatic systems, and methods of their formalization, and metamathematics. Since this approach to the foundations of mathematics reveals the incompleteness of any mathematical system, including in itself, at least, elementary arith­metic, then this leads to the conclusion (K. Gödel) that the logic used in mathematics is insufficient to claim to substantiate the mathematical disci­pline of thought as such. The article shows that this deficiency can be filled when creating a complementary dialectical logic, the central operation of which is the operation of dialectical negation, called privation. Privation is borrowed from the fundamental ontology of Martin Heidegger, together with its inherent images of Being and Nothing.
Reflections on the Phenomenon of “Moral Outburst” in the 21st Century
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Skvortsov Lev V.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the strategic impact of the so-called “moral outburst” on the direction of the civilizational evolution of the mankind. The phenomenon of “moral outburst” determines the interpretation of the princi­ples of social justice and influences the nature of public consciousness and mass behavior. The article presents an analysis of the metaphysical meaning of the “moral outburst” that contributes to the formation of the spirit of people and ac­quires a sacred meaning. The author considers the “moral outburst” as a reflec­tion of the internal process of history as an integral phenomenon. In his opinion, a “moral outburst” is the basis for understanding history at its crisis stages and an assessment of the actions of a civilizational subject, his moral position. The article examines the features of the “moral outburst”, which are determined by the emergence of a new world order, a specific historical situation, and gives nu­merous historical examples. The author pays special attention to the current situ­ation related to globalization and the power of financial capital.
On the Metamorphosis of One Institution of Civil Societ
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Social Theory of the University of Belgrade, Bojanic Petar
Published: April 2022

The article presents a version of the evolution of the police institution, which was originally part of civil society, not the state. A few paragraphs from Hegel’s lectures on the philosophy of law become the starting point of this re­construction. Based on the ideas expressed in them, the author explains the mechanism of the emergence of the police from the activities of citizens to es­tablish rules (protocols) of interaction, the supervision of which they jointly conduct for the common good – this, in fact, is the purpose of the police ini­tially. The proposed reconstruction can be useful in two aspects. Firstly, it points to the gradual degeneration of the institution of the police, to its trans­formation from an institution of civil society into an element of the state sys­tem and an organ of external violence, and consequently, to a decrease in the participation of citizens in the supervision of the observance of the common good and their transformation into a passive object of alien power influence. Secondly, this reconstruction shows that various types of modern civic activity in the field of social policy (policy making) originated as part of the first po­lice protocols and related actions.
About the Fate of Enlightenment
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Razin Alexander V.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the objections expressed in the literature to the logic of En­lightenment thinking, which, in the opinion of many thinkers, leads to the stan­dardization of life, suppression of individuality, and the development of totalitar­ian regimes. At the same time, it is shown that the modern stage of development of technologies associated with the widespread use of creative labor does not fit into the standard, traditional methods of control, and even where the behavior of the standard seems necessary, based on the consent of people, this does not al­ways lead to a positive effect. Therefore, the impact on human behavior of virtue ethics cannot be eliminated from the modern theory of morality. New approaches to understanding education are considered, associated with understanding it as embedded in modern global processes. When Enlightenment, on the one hand, turns out to be associated with the understanding of all the features of civiliza­tional development, and on the other hand, it serves to justify expansion from developed countries, subordination their own aims to disseminate knowledge and reform in developing countries. As a methodology, the system method, the method of comparative analysis, and the historical method are used. The novelty lies in the fact that it shows the reasons for unjustified, ideological criticism of Enlightenment and ways to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional logic of one-line systematic thinking.
The Virtual Person and Transmitting Cultural Values to the Digital Generation
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Leshkevich Tatiana G.
Published: April 2022

The modern era emphasizes new types of subjectivity, including digital genera­tion and its radical transformation in the image of a virtual person. The values aimed at “network success”, “digital footprint”, the desire to consume ready-made content, come into collision with traditional values based on reflexive comprehension. The article analyzes the problem of transferring humanitarian values to the digital generation. Attention is focused, firstly, on the characteris­tics of a virtual person; secondly, on the use of the “online platform” metaphor as a pattern for communicating cultural values; thirdly, on the analysis of the pro­gramming impact of digital technologies. The research relies on A. Clark’s the­ory of expanding capabilities of mind, on the conclusions by D. Haraway regard­ing cyborg, on J. Urry’s views on modern society, represented by complex socio-natural hybrids, on H. Tolu’s view on cyber-luddism. The article demonstrates that the translation of cultural values is based on the effect of “datafication” and the “data is essential” criterion. The effects of the digital world are viewed as be­ing ambivalent by nature. The adoption of human-digital integration is accompa­nied by a sharp opposition to the world created by computers and networks. Conclusions are drawn on the need for humanitarian protest against the tendency to destroy human values.
Competing Projects of Socialism in the USSR During the Period of Political Romanticism Part II. Socialism Without Economics: Constructivism and Dystopia
Authors:   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orekhovsky Petr A. , Varkhotov Taras A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Koshovets Olga B. ,   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

The article is the second part of the work devoted to the period of political romanti­cism in the USSR in the third quarter of the XX century. A characteristic feature of this period is large-scale theoretical discussions around the concept of socialism and projects of socialist construction. The article examines the options for the non-eco­nomic interpretation of the Soviet experiment: the constructivist project of creating a “new man”, “progressor”, offered by G.P. Shchedrovitsky and the romantic dys­topia of A. Zinoviev, who describes communism-socialism as a paradoxical mutation of the social order, which uses Western technology, but generally opposes civilization as such. It is shown that despite the historical defeat in the dispute with the “pragma­tists”, the “romantics” had a great influence on the collective cognitive structures of the Soviet society. The understanding of socialism they formed largely hindered the development of “compromise”, hybrid political and economic programs and did not allow options for liberalization, privatization and movement along the so-called Chi­nese path.
Metaphysics of Company Towns: Space vs Time
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fomin Maxim V. , Bezzubova Olga V. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University
Published: April 2022

The study examines the spatio-temporal model of “company town” and the pe­culiarity of Russian mono-settlements chronotope. In the context of the change of phases of the post-industrial era and transindustrialism, the features of the “continuum” as a space-time transition are considered. Taking into account the acceleration set by the coronavirus pandemic, the necessary change in the para­digm of attitude to company towns is correlated: from outdated – existing to progressive-realistic. The author emphasizes the importance of the evolution of productive forces, coupled with the city spatial development, while maintaining social organization, creating opportunities for economic independence, encour­aging private initiative, real protection of rights and property, and the consistent development of real self-government.
The Significance of Lumbar Probing Combined with Continuous Irrigation and Undercutting Posterior Vertebral Body for Highly Upward Migrated Disc Herniation in ACDF: Case Reports and technical notes
Authors: Moon Ji Soo , Kang Min Soo , Lee Sang Ho , Park Chan Hong
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this report was to present successful cases and technical notes of the patients with up migrated cervical disc herniation to the upper level who were successfully treated using anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), describing the evaluation of treatment outcomes and perioperative complications. The cases of two patients who had ACDF in symptomatic up migrated cervical disc herniation to the upper level in February 2021 and November 2021 were reviewed. Two patients presented with a six-week history of posterior neck pain and radiating pain. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a diagnosis of up migrated cervical disc extrusion. The patients were admitted to Daegu Wooridul Spine Hospital in Daegu, Korea. ACDF was performed under general anesthesia. Treatment outcomes were examined by comparing pre and postoperative Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and MRI. Treatment outcomes were favorable: posterior neck pain and radiating pain showed a significant reduction in NRS. Postoperative MRI showed that the up migrated discs were successfully removed in both cases. Neither patient developed perioperative complications. Anterior cervical discectomy can be feasible in patients with symptomatic up migrated cervical disc herniation to the upper level.
Measurement of Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) with EndOhm Cup and EVOM2_Version 2.0
Authors: Mallek Nicholas M. , Simmons Alysha E. , McCullough Shaun D.
Published: April 2022

Trans-epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) can be used as a measure of cell monolayer confluence, health, and integrity. An EndOhm chamber connected to an Epithelial Voltohmmeter (EVOM) may be used to take TEER measurements that are more reproducible than the chopstick electrode. This method details how to take TEER readings using an EndOhm chamber and EVOM2 manufactured by World Precision Instruments. Read the manufacturer’s manual carefully as the conditions described here were determined to meet the manufacturer’s specifications. Disclaimer: The contents of this article have been reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication and do not necessarily represent Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use.NOTE: There is a consolidated PDF version of this protocol in the supplementary files section below.
Comparison of Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Actue Myocardial Infarction Patients ----- A multicenter randomized, open-label and parallel- treatment prospective clinical study
Authors: li zhenhua , Zhang Tao , Li Yueyan , Hao Rui , Li Qian , Su Guohai
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the different impacts on inflammatory biomarkers of ticagrelor or clopidogrel in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
METHODS
This was a multicenter, randomized, open-label and parallel- treatment prospective study. Patients were randomized to receive a loading dose of ticagrelor 180 mg as the treatment group (N = 143) or clopidogrel 600 mg as the control group (N = 184). After PCI, the treatment group was treated with ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily while the control group was treated with clopidogrel 75 mg once daily. The levels of inflammation were tested by sCD40 ligand (CD40L), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and P-selectin in different time points.
RESULTS
There were 327 patients participated in this study and no difference in baseline characteristics between groups. No difference was found between groups in baseline levels of inflammation with all assays, and no difference in assays of hsCRP and P-selection in all the time points between groups, but sCD40L decreased significantly in ticagrelor group than clopidegrel group (-2492 ± 7407.3 VS 992.21 ± 10478, P = 0.0095) in 1week after PCI.
CONCLUSIONS
In STEMI patients undergoing PCI who are receiving anti-platelet therapy, ticagrelor is associated with more potent inflammation inhibition of sCD40L compared with clopidogrel in 1week after PCI. It may open a new path for anti-platelet therapy and large studies are needed to support this finding.
A new approach of using area under the curve of absorption profile to optimize the active layers of photovoltaic devices
Authors: Amin Peshawa O. , Muhammadsharif Fahmi F. , Saeed Salah Raza , Ketuly Kamal Aziz
Published: April 2022

Optimization of photovoltaic (PV) active layers is usually carried out in terms of the energy bandgap (Eg) variation of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layers. However, the non-monotonic change in the Eg does not guarantee the achievement of a maximum absorption capability at the optimum condition despite the broadened absorption spectrum. Hence, alternative strategies need to be researched in order to assign the best possible condition at which the active layer can convert the highest possible number of exposed photons to free electrons when it is employed in PV devices. Therefore, in this work, we propose a new approach which can be effectively used to optimize the BHJ active layers in terms of photon to electron conversion, considering the absorption profile of the system. Herein, area under the curve (AUC) of the absorption profile is utilized to optimize the active layers of photovoltaic devices. To formulate the proposed technique, a ternary system based on P(TRI-co-TER):Beetroot dye:PINDOLE was investigated and analyzed. Results showed that a linear correlation was produced between the AUC and photocurrent density (Jph), which can be ultimately used to optimize the active layers of PV devices.
Effect of cardiac shock wave therapy for rehospitalization in patients with severe coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Li Peng , Jia Na , Liu Bing , He Qing
Published: April 2022

Objective We have previously demonstrated that cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) effectively improves myocardial ischemia in patients with severe coronary artery disease. In this study, we further addressed the efficacy and safety of CSWT in patients with severe coronary artery disease (SCAD) or refractory angina (RA).Methods We undertook a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies identified in systematic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database, and Chinese SinoMed Database. Primary endpoint was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE, the composite outcome of mortality, coronary artery revascularization, and rehospitalization). Required information size (RIS) was calculated with trial sequential analysis (TSA).Results A total of 14 RCTs and 5 prospective cohort studies involving 1172 patients with a mean follow-up of 10.6 months (range 3–72) months were included. Overall, CSWT significantly decreased the rate of MACE compared with the control group (RR, 0.39; 95%CI, 0.29–0.53), which was mainly attributed to markedly lower risk of rehospitalization in the CSWT group (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27–0.51). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled RR in studies enrolling patients with higher CCS (≥2.4) (RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.26–0.50) was significantly lower than that in studies enrolling patients with lower CCS (<2.4) (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.29–1.16). TSA showed that The RIS for MACE was 935, and the accrued information size was 577.Conclusions CSWT could decrease the rate of rehospitalization and MACE among patients with SCAD or RA.
Impact and burden of Sickle Cell Disease in critically ill obstetric patients in a high dependency unit in Sierra Leone - a registry based evaluation
Authors: Mortara Milena , Turay Momoh Sitta , Boyle Sonia , Caracciolo Claudia , Bah Sarjoh , Kargbo Henry , Hanciles Eva , John-Cole Valerie , Scapini Ester , Benoni Roberto , Dissanayake Vishmi , Beane Abi , Taylor Williamson , Haniffa Rashan , Pisani Luigi
Published: April 2022

Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) in pregnancy is associated with worse maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is limited available data describing burden and outcomes of critically ill obstetric patients affected by SCD in low-income settings. Objectives We aimed to define SCD burden and impact on mortality in critically-ill obstetric patients admitted to an urban referral hospital in Sierra Leone. We hypothesized that SCD burden is high and independently associated with increased mortality. Methods We performed a registry-based cross-sectional study from March 2020 to December 2021 in the high-dependency unit (HDU) of Princess Christian Maternity Hospital PCMH, Freetown. Primary endpoints were the proportion of patients identified in the SCD group and HDU mortality. Secondary endpoints included frequency of maternal direct obstetric complications (MDOCs) and the maternal early obstetric warning score (MEOWS).Results Out of a total of 497 patients, 25 (5.5%) qualified to be included in the SCD group. MEOWS on admission was not different between patients with and without SCD and SCD patients had also less frequently reported MDOCs. Yet, HDU mortality in the SCD group was 36%, compared to 9.5% in the non SCD group (P<0.01), with an independent association with mortality when accounting for severity on admission and occurrence of a MDOC (hazard ratio 2.69; 95%CI 1.21-5.99; P= 0,015). Patients with SCD had a tendency to longer HDU length of stay. Conclusions One out of twenty patients accessing a HDU in Sierra Leone had self-reported SCD. Despite comparable severity on admission, mortality in SCD patients was four times higher than patients without SCD. Optimization of intermediate and intensive care for this group of patients should be prioritized in low-resource settings with high maternal mortality.
Formulation and Validation of Probioticated Foxtail Millet Laddu as a Source of Antioxidant for Biological System
Authors: Rubavathi S. , Ganesan Ayyappadasan , Harini T.
Published: April 2022

The present investigation deals with the formulation of Indian conventional sweet item laddu with the enriched constituents of millet and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The food ingredients of laddu were modelled and optimized by using Design Expert software to make optimized final testable product. The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus culture was added in three different forms namely lyophilised, gum arabic microencapsulated powder and natural curd. The formulated probiotic with foxtail laddu was selected based on the criteria of colour, odour and texture of the product. The carbohydrate, protein and fat content were estimated to be stable at 96.7g, 16.7g and 22.7g respectively. The viability test for the incorporated Lactobacillus acidophilus revealed that the formulated product showed a decrease in microbial count for a storage period of two months by analysing kinetic death rate. The lyophilised and microencapsulated culture showed a good viability 6.10 ± 0.09 log cfu/g and 7.43 ± 0.02 log cfu/g at 4°C when compared to storing at room temperature as 5.41 ± 0.08 log cfu/g and 6.97 ± 0.02 log cfu/g at the end of the storage period.. Probiotic millet laddu might serve as a value-added food product for the consumption of public and might improve the general health of the public.
A comparative study of centralized and distributed battery approach in Multi-energy harvesting system for UWSN
Authors: Saleem Azizullah , Akkan Taner , Akkan L. Özlem Karaca
Published: April 2022

Underwater sensor network (UWSNs) has sensors and mobile wireless transceivers deployed in under and upper water areas to perform data monitoring and acquisitions. With the emerging technologies UWSNs has many different specific underwater applications. But there are problems and challenges facing underwater environment such as propagation delays, energy limitation, narrow bandwidth, and node mobility. Various protocols have been developed to deal with these issues. Energy consumption is one of the main problems in underwater wireless sensor network as the nodes’ batteries have limited amount of energy. Furthermore, batteries cannot be replaced easily as replacement cost is very high and batteries have high weight. To solve energy consumption problem, firstly multi power harvesting system is developed and optimized using genetic optimization, followed by design of wireless sensor nodes battery energy level model based on multi energy harvested system and its application to centralized and distributed system is investigated and finally followed by discussion and conclusion.
The impact of PM2.5 on oxidative stress and inflammatory in BV-2 Cell and the protective effect of Coelonin
Authors: Tian Shu‑Xin , Wang Bi-Xu , Sun Tong , Sun Ling , Zhou Fang Mei , Zhou Ming-Yuan , Zhu Bing Qi , Ding Zhi Shan
Published: April 2022

Although accumulating evidence have demonstrated that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induces neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the PM2.5 exposed microglia remain unclear. Furthermore, effective drugs for neurological diseases are urgently required. Based on the above background, the goal of the study is to investigate PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity to BV-2 microglia cells, and the role of coelonin in preventing PM2.5-related neurotoxic effects. Our results demonstrated that the increase of PM2.5 concentration exacerbated neuroinflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in BV-2 cells, particularly at the concentration of 100 and 200 µg/mL. Treatment with coelonin can prevent the neurotoxic effects of PM2.5 exposure through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism was correlated to the TLR2/TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our results elaborated new insights into PM2.5-induced central nervous system (CNS) injury and provided a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing these effects of PM2.5 exposure.
Magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of neurological complications after aortic arch reconstruction in neonates
Authors: Bergen Tatyana A. , Soynov Ilya A. , Anfinogenova Nina D. , Ussov Wladimir Yu. , Ilin Alexey , Pak Natalya T. , Kobelev Eugenii , Gorbatykh Yury N. , Chernyavskiy Aleksandr M.
Published: April 2022

Background: Occurrence of cerebrovascular events in neonates after reconstruction of the aortic arch remains a common. The purpose of the study was to analyze immediate neurologic outcomes in neonates with aortic coarctation/hypoplastic aortic arch based on modified brain MRI after a reconstructive surgery. Methods: A total of 40 neonates with aortic coarctation/hypoplastic aortic arch underwent reconstructive aortic arch reconstruction. All patients were divided to two groups: group 1 comprised patients who underwent aortic arch repair (AAR) with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA); group 2 comprised patients with antegrade cerebral perfusion by double arterial cannulation (ACP). All individuals underwent brain examination with MRI (DWI, SWI, T1, double echo) five to seven days after surgery.Results: According analysis MRI examination must include diffusion-, T2*-, T1 and dual-echo weighted imaging during perioperative period of AAR. The frequency of cerebrovascular events (CVE) was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (70 vs. 30%; p = 0.025). Air embolic occlusion and infarction of watershed zones were observed in the group with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (35.7% vs. 0%; p = 0.25). The incidence rates of cortical laminar necrosis and intracranial hematoma was similar between groups. Conclusion: Double arterial cannulation was a more protective technique in terms of preventing CVE. Targeted MRI administration for the brain examination of neonates in the early postoperative period allowed to identify intracranial CVE that occurred in the early postoperative period and detect the pathology of the brain structures that were not associated with surgical treatment.