bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Species of the Gobiidae Family in Transylvania Waters: Racer Goby (Babka gymnotrachelus, Kessler 1857)
Authors: Cocan Daniel , Otel Vasile , Latiu Catalin , Papuc Tudor , Miresan Vioara
Published: December 2016

The racer goby (Babka gymnotrachelus) is one of the well represented Ponto-Caspian goby species in most Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve lakes and channels, including Razim-Sinoe lagoon complex and lower sector of the Danube. Also, the presence of this species is noted in some lakes near Bucharest. The presence of this species in Transylvania has not been reported until now, when our team, while conducting ichthyologic investigations, captured seven specimens from Someș River and some of its tributaries, as follows: one specimen was caught in a channel adjacent to Țaga Mare Lake, one specimen was caught in Someşul Mare River (Mica village, Cluj County), two specimens were captured from the confluence of the Someşul Mic River and Fizeș River. Another two specimens were captured from Fizeş River (Fizeşu Gherlii village, Cluj County) and the last one was also caught from the Fizeş River (Sântioana village, Cluj County). It is possible that the species migrated in Someş Catchment from the Hungarian Danube sector, by the tributaries of Tisa River, or it might have originated from stocking material used in fish farms in Transylvania.The somatic, gravimetric and meristic measurements of the collected specimens were taken in the Acquaculture and Acquatic Organisms Phisyology laboratories from the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca and correspond with those mentioned in the published literature regarding this species.
STUDY ON THE MILK QUALITY PARAMETERS IN THREE FARMS FROM SĂLAJ COUNTY
Authors: Raducu Camelia , Miresan Vioara , Coroian Aurelia , Pop Ciprian , Coroian Cristian Ovidiu , Cocan Daniel , Andronie Luisa
Published: December 2016

Milk quality is influenced by many factors including rank lactation. This study aims to present the evolution of the main quality parameters of milk as the fat, protein, lactose, dry matter and the number of somatic cells for the first five lactations in Bălţată Românească breed during twelve official controls, starting in June 2015 until the month of April 2016. The biological material studied was represented by herds of dairy cows in three farms from Sălaj County (Crasna, Marin and Bodia villages). Analyzing qualitative parameters of milk obtained from the herd in lactation 1 during the 12 controls, there was a percent of 3.50% fat, 3.05% protein, 4.49% lactose and 8.48% dry substance in farm from Crasna. These parameters varied over the five lactations, the highest values being ranked in lactation five. Herd from Marin farm presented a fat content of 4.44% in lactation 2, while the lowest percentage of fat was recorded in lactation 3 (3.66%). Regarding the protein, the highest percentage was obtained in lactation 2 (3.70%) and the lowest in lactation 1 (3.39%). Lactation rank affects milk quality, so in lactation 1 there were recorded the lowest values of quality parameters of milk.
Research on the Progress of Microbiological Parametres During the Maturation of Two Kinds of Semi-Hard Cheese
Authors: Jimborean Mirela , Tibulca Dorin
Published: December 2016

The microbiological analysis is being done since the moment of production until the end of maturation of two kinds of semi-hard cheese (Olanda and Moeciu). It was identified the total number of germs using the horizontal method for the list of micro-organisms; for the numbering of yeasts and moulds it was used the technique of countering at 25 degrees Celsius; for the detection of coli form bacteria was used the number’s method most probably at 30 degrees Celsius; to establish the number of Escherichia coli was used the technique of the probable number; for the numbering of the coagulum-positive staphylococcus the standard stipulates the numbering of the colonies obtained on a solid environment (the environment Baird-Baker), after the aerobic incubation  at 35 degrees Celsius or 37 degrees Celsius.
Efficiency of Edible Films Containing Bioactive Antimicrobials on Refrigerated Pork Meat
Authors: Dochitoiu Ramona Andreea , Vodnar Dan Cristian , Socaciu Carmen
Published: December 2016

Preserving food is an important link in ensuring their quality; it is always a matter of concern for consumers. Some of the most common microorganisms existing on the surface of refrigerated meat are the Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The use of bioactive compounds from psyllium and noni juice could be a way for inactivation of unwanted bacteria and extend the shelf life of chilled meat due to antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of theirs bioactive compounds. The biofilm formed by fusing powdered psyllium with noni juice was tested on the inhibition of microorganisms on chilled meat for 37 days. The HPLC characterization of noni juice showed the presence of ascorbic acid in concentration of 84 mg%.  Data from this study would provide new formulation options for developing antimicrobial packaging films using tea extracts to improve the microbiological safety and quality of pork meat during refrigerated storage.
Stability Comparison of Free and Encapsulated Lactobacilus casei ATCC 393 in Yoghurt for Long Time Storage
Authors: POP Oana Lelia , VODNAR Dan Cristian , SUHAROSCHI Ramona , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2016

An innovative method of L. casei ATCC 393 encapsulation has been reported in the present study using pectin combined with alginate. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of encapsulation on the survival of L. casei ATCC 393 in yoghurt during long time storage, free or encapsulated in alginate and alginate pectin microspheres, and influence over yoghurt properties, particularly acidification. Over 35 days of storage in yoghurt, the encapsulated probiotic cells proved a higher viability compared with free probiotic cells. An even higher viability and stability was observed for the samples where pectin was used. Pectin acts as prebiotic during encapsulation of L. casei ATCC 393.
PHENOLIC PROFILE OF HONEYDEW HONEYS FROM THE NORTH-EAST PART OF ROMANIA
Authors: OROIAN Mircea , ROPCIUC Sorina , BUCULEI Amalia , PADURET Sergiu , TODOSI Elena
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study is to determine the physicochemical (moisture content, pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, colour (L*, a*, b*, chroma, hue angle), ash content, fructose and glucose content) and to determine the phenolic profile (quercetin, apigenin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, kaempherol, caffeic acid, chrysin, galangin, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid and pinocembrin) of five samples of honeydew honeys from the North East part of Romania. The honey samples analysed respected the maximum allowable level of the moisture content, which is established by the European Union at 20%. The acidic nature of the honeydew is confirmed by the level of the pH and free acidity of the samples, and is influenced in principal by the organic acids; all the samples had a free acidity lower than 50 meq acid/kg. The honey colour is dark which is confirmed by the level of the CIE L*a*b* parameters (lower values of L*, a* and b*). The inverted sugar level (fructose and glucose content) is higher than 60 g/ 100g, respecting the European Union directive. The phenolic profile of the honeydew samples do not presented one compound that can be considered a chemical marker, the major polyphenols presented into the honeydew honeys are quercetin and pinocembrin.
Characteristics and Influence to Fruit Distillates Quality of Rapid Induction of Ageing Character in the Presence of Mulberry Tree (Morus alba L.) Wooden Chips
Authors: MUDURA Elena , COLDEA Teodora , HORVATH Timea , POP Carmen Rodica
Published: December 2016

Research on rapid induction of ageing character to double distilled traditional fruit brandies, from Transylvania region was conducted. Mulberry tree chips were used as an alternative to traditional ageing in wooden barrels. The aim of this study was to highlight the factors influencing the chemical composition of fruit brandies, both depending on the type of the wood used and the transformations occurred during the heat treatment. Fruit distillates were produced after the traditional method – double distillation in copper alambic. The evaluation of the brandies consisted in analyzing the chemical parameters and the phenolic compounds after two months of ageing with wood chips. Results were compared with a control sample (unaged distillate), and found that during the ageing process volatile and non-volatile compounds were extracted significantly. The heat treatment influenced the chemical composition of the wooden chips. The chemical composition of finished products varied due to the composition of the wooden chips used and to the heat treatment applied. Evaluation of volatile and non-volatile compounds formed was carried out by comparison with the samples of the unaged distillate. It was demonstrated the improvement of chemical characteristics and polyphenolic compounds content, by rapidly inducing of the ageing character.
Contributions to the Knowledge of Microbiological Quality of Pasteurized Melange Produced in Romania
Authors: NISTOR Andreea Catalina , NISTOR Lucia Iuliana , DUMINICA Claudia Gabriela , USTUROI Marius Giorgi
Published: December 2016

Today's consumers show an affinity for quality products produced under production conditions that strictly observes the principles of food safety. Bacterial contamination of eggs and egg products can thus be a source of disease for the human consumer with the necessary effects on the sector of activity.The term "egg products" defines the components of the egg (separate or as a mixture-melange) released from their shell and submitted to a heat treatment, they are forming foods rich in protein, vitamins and trace elements of high quality . The purpose of this study was to establishing and monitoring the microbiological indicators of melange produced in our country. The study was carried out on the pasteurized egg mix, packaged "bag-in-box" (5 units package), and stored for a period of 25 days at the temperature recommended by the manufacturer (0 ... + 4 °C). The actual analysis is to determine NTGMA, Enterobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Salmonella spp. Regarding developments of NTGMA in pasteurized melange stored for 25 days, our data showed an increase of 75.22% compared to the situation found on fresh product (3.656 log cfu/ml vs 6.406 log cfu/ml). The situation was similar for Enterobacter spp. (119.64% increase), Bacillus spp. (76.27% increase) and Pseudomonas spp. (58.72% increase). Salmonella spp. was not identified in the product tested by us. The heat treatment of pasteurized liquid melange does not destroy completely the initial microbial load, therefore certain precautions are needed to store these foods.
The Influence of Hammer Type Used in Grinding Mills on Grist Fineness
Authors: Muntean Mircea Valentin
Published: December 2016

Hammer mills are machines used in agriculture graded to obtain concentrated fodder mix and food industry for grinding vegetable raw materials necessary for obtaining various types of flours. The hammer mills grinding materials is produced upon impact of the hammer material and crushing plate located inside the grinding chamber. Depending on the hammers rotor assembly mode, the following types of mills can be used: - Hammer mills articulated; - Fixed Hammer mills. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of moisture during the operation of grinding wheat on hammer mills using the same sieve.
The Influence of Stunning Method, Refrigeration and Freezing Time on the Rheological and Textural Properties of Raw Meat
Authors: Tudoreanu Liliana
Published: December 2016

The present research was conducted to provide information on the influence of stunning methods in conjunction with refrigeration and freezing time on the textural and rheological properties of raw meat. Pork raw meat, commercially available, was analyzed for textural properties such as hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and fracture force. Sample were analyzed fresh, after 3 days of refrigeration, and 15 days, 30days and 60 days freezing time in commercially available refrigerators mimicking the storing conditions used by consumers. For pork raw meat, hardness increased sharply after 3 days of refrigeration and showed no significant differences after 15days of freezing compared to 3days refrigeration time. After 30 days of freezing the raw pork meat samples’ hardness decreased significantly compared to the hardness of the samples freeze for15 days. Hardness of gas stunning raw pork meat samples compared to electrical stunning raw pork meat samples was 2.57 times higher indicating a better firmness of the gas stunning raw pork meat. The cohesiveness of the raw pork meat from gas stunned animals maintained its levels after 60 days of freezing while the meat from electrically stunned animals showed significant modificatio
Convective Air Drying Characteristics for Thin Layer Carrots
Authors: Velescu Ionut Dumitru , Tenu Ioan , Carlescu Petru , Dobre Vasile
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Carrot is one of the most commonly used vegetables for human nutrition due to high vitamin and fibre content. Drying is one of the oldest methods of food preservation, and it represents a very important aspect of food processing. Sun drying is the most common method used to preserve agricultural products in most tropical countries; this technique is extremely weather dependent, and has the problems of contamination with dust, soil, sand particles and insects. Also, the required drying time can be quite long. Therefore, using solar and hot-air dryers, which are far more rapid, providing uniformity and hygiene are inevitable for industrial food drying processes. Aim: This paper presents a kinetic study of convective drying without pre-treatment of carrot. The effects of the temperature of the drying agent, the speed of the drying agent and the thickness of the kinetics of drying the sample of carrots were investigated. Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out with the aid of an installation for drying food products, that is capable of ensuring the temperature of the drying agent (air) in the range of +25 ... +125 °C. The drying process was conducted at temperature of 45 °C in first hour of process, 2 hours at 55 °C, and 3 hours at 60 °C. The air velocity was setup  at 1.0 - 2.5 m/s. Carrots were divided into segments of a thickness of 0.4 cm. Two mathematical models available in the literature were fitted to the experimental data. Results: The drying rate increases with temperature and decreases with the sample diameter. The Page model is given better prediction than the Henderson and Pabis model and satisfactorily described drying characteristics of carrot slices. Conclusions: The most important characteristics of carrot required for simulation and optimization of the drying were studied. The values of calculated effective diffusivity for drying at 45, 55 and 60oC of air temperature and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m/s of air flow velocity. The effective diffusivity increases as air-flow rate and temperature increases. Page’s empirical model showed a good fit curves than the Henderson and Pabis model.
First Maps for the Systematic Registration of Property in the Kingdom of Romania
Authors: Vasilca Doina
Published: December 2016

In this article are presented the very first maps realised in a systematic way in order to determine the boundaries and register the properties of the Kingdom of Romania, at a scale of 1:20,000 in the equal-area pseudoconical Bonne projection. This projection was not applied in a uniform way for the whole territory of the country, but differently for the areas situated east and west of the Zimnicea meridian, respectively. For each of these two zones I have shown the peculiarities of applying the Bonne projection. furthermore, I explained in detail the means of establishing the nomenclatures of the maps at a scale of 1:20,000, but also at smaller scales, 1:50,000, 1:100,000 and 1:200,000. Since the analyzed map projection preserves area measurements, I verified this property on five maps at the scale of 1:20,000, chosen from both zones. Results obtained for the zone east of the Zimnicea meridian showed a 0.0005% difference, falling within the tolerated error, but for the maps situated west of the Zimnicea meridian, the area differs by about 3%. I have proved that this large difference in the area of the analyzed maps, identified at the eastern extremity of the mapped zone, is due to the fact that they are not actually bordered by the Zimnicea meridian, but by a line related to the Cartesian system used. The Bonne projection maps made for the entire Romanian Kingdom by specialists of the Romanian Army nowadays possess significant historical importance, both in terms of mapping and cadastre.
Fundamental Parameter Method Applied to X-Ray Line Profile Analysis
Authors: Matei Florica , Aldea Nicolae , Rada Marius , Pop Ioana
Published: December 2016

Crystallite size strain effect the mechanical, electric, magnetic and optical properties of many kind of the nanomaterials. The effects of the finite crystallite size and lattice strain can be very well observed as the deformation in the shape of the X-ray line profile (XRLP). In this contribution we have used the fundamental parameter (FP) [1,2] method to evaluate the nanostructure materials assuming a theoretical model of experimental XRLP.  In this contribution we have used various distribution functions such as normal, lognormal, Gumbel, Maxwell and Student. The best values of the crystallite size of nanostructued materials are chosen by analysis of root mean squares of residuals and by correlation matrix of the fit parameters. The entire procedure was implemented in the GnuPlot script.
Influence of Mahaleb and Gisela 5 Rootstocks on the Growth of „Bigarreau Burlat” Sweet Cherry Cultivar
Authors: Pal Monica , Mitre Viorel , Tripon Andreea , Lazar Mihai , Lisandru Tabita , Molnar Sabin
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The influence of Prunus Mahaleb L. and ‘Gisela 5’ rootstocks on the growth of ‘Biggareau Burlat’ sweet cherry cultivar was evaluate on the environmental conditions of Cluj-Napoca city, in 2015, in a high-density plot (trees are planted at the distance of 4 x 1.5 m) with 1666 trees/ha, trained as spindle busch, with trellis system and drip fert-irigation provided. The measurements were done in April, on 10 trees of the cultivar grafted on different rootstock, in the 4th year after planting. The trunck diameter growth was measured 5 cm above the graft, and it was also recorded the number and length of annual increases (long, medium and spur fruiting branches) and calculated the tree height. After first four years from planting, ‘Biggareau Burlat’ grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ rootstock proved to be more vigorously than grafted on Prunus Mahaleb L., considering the total numbers of the medium and long branches per tree. ‘Biggareau Burlat’/Gisela 5, compared to ‘Biggareau Burlat’/P. Mahaleb significantly exceeded in the number of medium branches (4.7 comparatively to 3), number of long branches on the tree (17.2 comparatively to 7.9), number of inflorescences buds (74.7 comparatively to 41.3)  and the total length of annual tree branches.
New Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Accesions Obtained at V.R.D.S. Buzau
Authors: Vinatoru Costel , Zamfir Bianca , Bratu Camelia
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Climatic conditions are favourable for cultivation of this species throughout our country. Pea entered Europe in its southeast regions and progressed into its interior via Danube.( Ljuština, Marija, 2010) Concerns for growing this species at V.R.D.S.Buzau existed since the establishment (1957). The assortment of varieties has been recently enriched with a new patented variety named Getica.  Pea (Pisum sativum L.) was the original model organism used in Mendel’s discovery (1866) of the laws of inheritance, making it the foundation of modern plant genetics. (Smýkal, 2012). Pulses, including peas, have long been important components of the human diet due to their content of starch, protein and other nutrients. (Wendy J. Dahl, 2011).Aims: Assortment enriching with new valuable varieties in this species, with high yield capacity and high quality, with different periods of maturation in order to reschedule over a long period of time.Materials and Methods: Researches started with collecting germplasm in this species which currently contains 31 genotypes. As genotype control variant in evaluating and sorting the material used for variety improvement was used the well-known variety Getica. After evaluating this collection four genotypes were retained. Breeding method used was especially recurrent individual selection.Results: The researches finalised with the achievement of four new accessions which show different maturity ages; the earliest was L1 that reached technical maturity on June 1 and the late was L4 that reached technical maturity in June 25. The control variant matured in June 5. In terms of plant height, the most vigorous was L4 with 105 cm height and L3 showed a dwarf port with an average height of 56 cm.Conclusion: It has conducted and evaluated a valuable germplasm collection that can be harnessed to improve future research work, also were obtained four new varieties with distinct characteristics, different ripening periods that will  be proposed for patenting. The results received after promoting new creations among farmers by distributing promotional biological material (seeds) are very positive.References Ljuština, Marija, and Aleksandar Mikić. "A Brief Review on the Early Distribution of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Europe." Field & Vegetable Crops Research/Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo 47.2 (2010).Smýkal, Petr, et al. "Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in the genomic era." Agronomy 2.2 (2012): 74-115.Wendy J. Dahl, Lauren M. Foster and Robert T. Tyler (2012). Review of the health benefits of peas (Pisum sativum L.). British Journal of Nutrition, 108, pp S3-S10. doi:10.1017/S0007114512000852. 13 December 2011)
Influence of Cultivar and Planting Material on Soluble Dry Matter Content of Dahlia Tubers
Authors: Ciobanu Ioana , Cantor Maria , Buta Erzsebet , Gocan Tincuta , Crisan Ioana
Published: December 2016

The aim of present paper was to study the influence ofthe planting material (forced and unforced tuberous roots), and of the cultivar on the average soluble dry matter content (%) from Dahlia tuberous roots at harvest. Also, there were determined a series of relationships between soluble dry matter content and main plant characteristics, like average shoots per plant and average weight of the tuberous roots at harvesting. The study was conducted for two years at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca on seven cultivars of Dahlia variabilis ‘cactus’ type: 'Kennemerland', 'TsukiYori No Sisha', 'Hayley Jane', 'Purple Gem', 'Star Favourite', 'Park Princess' and 'Friquolet'. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that the forcing of the tuberous roots affected the accumulation of soluble dry matter content at dahlia tubers, but it also depends on the cultivar. The highest content of soluble dry matter was at following cultivars 'Star Favourite'/forced tubers (25.47%), 'TsukiYori No Sisha'/unforced tubers (24.80%), ‘Kennemerland’/unforced tubers (24.27%), 'Hayley Jane'/forced tubers (23.97%), and 'TsukiYori No Sisha'/forced tubers (22.57%). These dahlia cultivars can be recommended for inulin extraction.
Biodiversity of Ticks and Fleas of Dogs in the Western Balkans – Preliminary Examinations
Authors: Pavlovic Ivan , Pavlović Ivan , Jovčevski Srdjan , Rogožarski Dragan , Csordás Ferenc , Mitrović Novalina , Mijatovic Irina , Marčić Doroteja , Ćirković Dragan , Šekler Milanko , Ristić Marko
Published: December 2016

Ticks and fleas infestation is the most common ectoparasitic condition of dogs with worldwide distribution. In period 2011-2013 we performed preliminary study on the biodiversity of ticks and flea of dogs, from the Western Balkan area. Parasites were collected from dogs in veterinary practices from several cities in various part of Serbia, Macedonia, Republic Srpska (BiH) and Montenegro. During of the study of relative abundance analysis revealed that the species Ixodes ricinus was absolutely dominant, followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor marginatus and D. reticulatus. At same examinations three flea species were found at dogs Ctenocephalides felis felis was the most abundant, followed by Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans.
Epidural Analgesia in Sheep and Goats: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Bani Ismail Zuhair
Published: December 2016

This study was carried out to review the current literature concerning recent advances in the techniques, drugs and drug combinations used to induce epidural analgesia in sheep and goats. Data bases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar were searched using key words such as small ruminant anesthesia, local anesthesia in ruminants, and epidural analgesia in sheep and goats to retrieve recently published articles in this subject. Only articles published between 2007 and 2016 were considered. Relevant references in the bibliographies of included articles were also retrieved for review. A total of 14 research papers (7 in sheep and 7 in goats) published in refereed journals between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. The lumbosacral space was used in 9 and the first intercoccygeal space was used in one article. The most common drugs used to induce epidural analgesia in sheep and goats were 2% lidocaine with and without epinephrine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, magnesium sulphate, xylazine, ketamine, and tramadol, methadone, and morphine. The results of these studies indicated adequate analgesia for surgical operations of the perineum could be safely concluded in sheep and goats using any of the discussed drugs or their combinations.
Observations regarding the structure of the parotid and mandibular glands in rabbit
Authors: Matosz Bianca , Ruxanda Flavia , Rus Vasile , Miclăuș Viorel
Published: December 2016

Our study aims to investigate the histological structure of two major salivary glands in adult rabbit. We used 5 adult rabbits, 3 males and 2 females, from a private breeder in Cluj. We harvested the salivary glands, fixed them in 10% buffered formalin, dehydrated in ethanol (increasing concentration), clarified in n-butanol and embedded in paraffin. The sections (5 µm thickness) were stained with Goldner’s trichrome method and examined with an Olympus BX41 light microscope. Histologically, parotid gland in rabbit contains only one type of acini, which presents morphological characteristics of serous acini. In mandibular gland, the acini are all the same, similar to the ones in parotid gland. Concerning the general aspect and dimension they are much larger and polymorphic.
Benzimidazoles Pharmacodynamics in Equine Strongyles
Authors: Catana Laura , Olah Csongor , Catana Raul , Cernea Mihai
Published: December 2016

Our research aimed to assess the effectiveness of four benzimidazoles: albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and thiabendazole against equine strongyles. The tests were performed between March 2015 and May 2016, on samples collected from 20 horses and 8 donkeys living in Harghita County. In vivo, Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was used to evaluate fenbendazole pharmacodynamics. In vitro, Egg hatch assay (EHA) and Larval development assay (LDA) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and thiabendazole. The predominance of small strongyle species was observed, mostly Cyathostomum type A. In the horse group, before treatment, the average intensity was 1595.5 EPG, the maximum value being 4000, and extensivity 55%. Tested again at 14 days after treatment, all samples were negative. In the donkey group, before treatment, the total number was 6550 EPG, intensity of 935.7 and extensivity of 87.5%. 14 days after treatment, the average intensity was 150 and the extensivity 50%. In the horse group, EHA proved the efficacy of fenbendazole (0.0192%), albendazole (0.3740%) and thiabendazole (11.62%) and a major risk of inducing adaptive phenomena for mebendazole (Y parameter 1009.92). In the donkey group, all benzimidazoles had limited effectiveness: thiabendazole (73.93%), mebendazole (87.51%), fenbendazole (94.05%), albendazole (111.67%). All benzimidazoles inhibited larval development. For all tested benzimidazoles, the resistance induction predictive comparative risk analysis highlighted the benefit of their use, provided that the treatment protocol allows sufficient contact time.
A Comparison Between Ritual and Conventional Slaughter in Regard to Animal Welfare and Meat Hygienic Quality
Authors: Dan Sorin Daniel , Reget Oana Lucia , Mihaiu Marian , Halbani Gilad , Tabaran Alexandra
Published: December 2016

The slaughter process in its current form is responsible to numerous physiological impacts on the animal and as a consequence affects the quality of the meat which is produced. The kosher slaughter is performed by a Rabbi (a certified Jewish religious priest) employed by the meat processing facility. The aim was to compare different types of slaughter methods and restraining techniques in order to determine the positive and negative sides of each method and to assess the hygienic quality of the meat produced from this method of slaughter. The information regarding kosher slaughter was gathered from one slaughterhouse located in Israel, Haifa city, and specific aspects related to the conventional slaughter technology, was acquired from a slaughterhouse located in Maramures County, where we critically observed the cattle slaughter technology, with focus on stunning and bleeding steps. In order to compare the hygienic quality of kosher beef with conventional beef the research material consisted by 40 samples of beef, half of the samples were represented by kosher beef and the other half (conventional beef) were used as control. Total viable and Enterobacteriaceae count were performed from the collected samples according with standards methods. In case of conventional slaughter, with respecting of good hygienic practices (GHP), bleeding will not open the esophagus and trachea, preventing thus the possibility of contamination. Stunning performed in conventional slaughter could increase the risk of contamination of carcasses with prions in case of penetration of the skull. In case of kosher meat, the results regarding total plate count revealed values between 2.78±0.6 log cfu/cm2 and 3.40±0.2 log cfu/cm2. In case of  Enterobacteriaceae germs, we noticed that 3 samples shown a negative results. For the rest of the samples, the microbial load ranged between 2.54±0.62 log fcu/cm2 and 3.1±0.32 log fcu/cm2. In comparison, the conventional meat (control), present an elevated total microbial load, ranged between 4.77±0.56 log cfu/cm2 and 5.34±0.21 log cfu/cm2. The Enterobacteriacee load ranged between 4.1±0.56 log cfu/cm2 and 5.33±0.2 log cfu/cm2. Ritual kosher slaughter is a humane way of sacrificing animals for human consumption although there are many parameters which need to be carefully monitored in order to guarantee the welfare of the slaughtered animals. And thus, inherently this method is prone for animal welfare violation. Microbiological risk regarding total plate and Enterobacteriaceae count in case of kosher compared with conventional meat is low.
Nigella sativa – a Plant with Personality in Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine Researches
Authors: Ahmadi Mirela , Scurtu Mihaela , Tulcan Camelia , Boldura Oana Maria , Milovanov Cornelia , Hutu Ioan , Mircu Calin , Radulov Isidora , Dronca Dorel
Published: December 2016

Last decades often presented references to traditional medicine, or culinary use of natural resources for a better health status, prevention or treatment of different diseases. One of the natural plants came lately in the researches as a miracle salve: Nigella sativa. Also commonly known as black cumin, the most use of this plant are the seeds, such as, as powder, as oil extract, or as hydro or alcoholic extracts. Culinary usage of N. sativa is referring to the seeds used as spice. Medical usage of this plantis mostly used as oil or extracts administrated orally or intraperitoneal. The best demonstrated bioactive component is thymoquinone, an alkaloid, monotherpenoid compound, that seems to be the key of medical benefits of N. sativa. Experimental medicine proved that seeds of black cumin have health enhancement and pharmaceutical effects, being used in various disseases (cardiac, digestive and respiratory diseases; hepatic and renal tonic; inflammations; reproductive and neural disorders, analgesic; appetite stimulant; cancer prevention and treatment; spasmolytic and diabetes. Seeds (as powder, oil or hydro, alcoholic extracts) have been demonstrated that have antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antitumoral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory action. N. sativa is easy to cultivate, storing, and offering diver potential of use as seed, seed oil, different type of seed extracts.
Re-Positioning the Law of Theft in View Of Recent
Authors: Njotini Mzukisi Niven
Published: December 2016

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) continue to influence the behaviour of society. Sometimes this influence is so unreal that it was only imagined in science fiction.  Specifically, the rapid rise in the use of ICTs has resulted in the emergence of new kinds of object, namely data, that do not necessarily meet the traditional legal discription of property. Because these objects can be wrongfully appropriated online, an inquiry is then made regarding  whether they are property that is capable of being stolen.
Regional Integration and Pacta Sunt Servanda: Reflections on South African Trans-Border Higher Education Policies
Authors: Mwanawina Ilyayambwa
Published: December 2016

The underpinning essence of being part of a regional organisation such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC) is to achieve development through integration. Regional integration thus becomes the bedrock from which the treaties governing SADC and its member states are to be interpreted. The SADC Treaty and its various protocols articulate that members should eliminate obstacles to the free movement of people, goods and services. This should include the progressive reduction of immigration formalities in order to facilitate the freer movement of students and staff for the specific purposes of study, teaching, research and any other pursuits relating to education and training. Relying on international law principles such as pacta sunt servanda, this article establishes that though South Africa has made much progress in meeting most of the SADC obligations relating to migration and education, there are still grey policy areas that fall short of SADC standards and regional commitments. It also appraises the role of the SADC Council of Ministers, the Parliamentary Forum, the Tribunal and the National Committees in addressing these areas.
The biocentres of the local ecological network of Murovanokurylovetsky district of Vinnytsia region
Authors: Yatsentyuk Yu.
Published: December 2016

Fourteen biocentres of the local ecological network of Murovanokurylivetsky district of Vinnytsia region are distinguished. Among them there are Naddnistriansky, Dniestersky, Zhytnykivsky, Blakytnivsky, Vyscheolchedayivsky, Nemerchensky, Rivnensky, Nyshivetsky, Snitkivsky, Druzhbivsky, Volodymyrivsky, Murovanokurylovetsky, Kotyuzhansky and Mykhaylivetsky biocentres. Biological and landscape diversity of key areas of the local ecological network are characterized. Geographical position and the area of the biocentres are clearly defined. The diversity of local flora species in the key areas of ecological network of Murovanokurylivetsky district of Vinnytsia region are analyzed. The fauna species of the biotsentres of the local ecological network of the analysed area are indicated. The list of flora and fauna species belonging to the Red Book of Ukraine, living in the key areas of Murovanokurylivetsky district are specified. The list of species belonging to the Red Book of Vinnytsia region, living in the key areas of Murovanokurylivetsky area are characterised. The list of plants belonging to the European Red List that grow in the key areas of Murovanokurylivetsky district of Vinnytsia region is given. Regionally rare plant species that are not included in the Red List of Vinnytsia region are characterized. The types of animals belonging to the European Red List, living in the biocentres of Murovanokurylivetsky area are distinguished. Groups of plants belonging to the Green Book of Ukraine found within each biocentre of the explored area are mentioned. Animal species listed in Annex 2 of the Berne Convention that live within certain biocentres of Murovanokurylivetsky area are specified. The characteristics of the protected sites and areas, according to which the key areas of Murovanokurylivetsky district are formed, are given. The structure of natural associations, that define the peculiarities of biocentres, are noted. Landscape complexes that form the basis of the key areas of Murovanokurylivetsky district are described. Particularly valuable landscape complexes within biocentres are determined. The architectural ensembles of palaces and parks around them, which are the basis of some biocentres of Murovanokurylivetsky district of Vinnytsia region are characterised. Forest, meadow-steppe and wetland ecosystems that determine the characteristics of the key areas within Murovanokurylivetsky district are described. The number of species of natural fauna living in each biocentre is specified. The number of species of natural flora that grow within each key area of Murovanokurylivetsky district of Vinnytsia region is determined.
Seen and Imagined: A Northwestern Crossroads City
Authors: Harper Douglas , Milbrandt Tara
Published: December 2016

Abstract | This paper is an interpretive study of Edmonton, Alberta that combines photography, written reflection, and analysis. Blending insider and outsider voices and perspectives, the essay represents the city through the imagery of a gritty, postmodern frontier. Edmonton is depicted as the locus of mixed and often contradictory energies, associated in significant ways with its northwestern character. The project developed through a process of photography and dialogue and is by nature suggestive and partial. It offers a visual-sociological engagement with a particular social environment and cultural landscape, whose look and feel are represented through a combination of photographic images and written text.Résumé | Cet article est une étude interprétative de la ville d’Edmonton qui combine photographie, réflexion écrite et analyse. En mêlant des points de vue externes et internes, cet essai représente la ville à travers l’imagerie d’une frontière postmoderne réaliste. Edmonton est peinte comme un lieu d’énergies diverses et souvent contradictoires, qui sont associées de manière significative avec son caractère du nord-ouest. Le projet s’est développé à travers un processus de photographie et de dialogue et, par nature, est subjective et partial. Il nous offre un engagement visuel sociologique avec un environnement social et un paysage culturel particulier, dont l’apparence et le ressenti sont représentés à travers un mélange d’images et de textes.
Poke you in the Heart: What can a photo say, what should it say, and how is that affected by the perspective of the photographer and the audience?
Authors: Elkaim Aaron , Bouchier Nadia , Gerbrandt Jenny
Published: December 2016

Abstract | In this article, the author uses the photographs of two artists (Nadia Bouchier and Aaron Vincent Elkaim) in order to explore the experience of the members of Fort McKay, Alberta as well as western-Canadian visual discourse. Three important perspectives come together in this piece: Nadia, the photographer who has lived in the community of Fort McKay for most of her life; Aaron, the artist and photographer who spent several months in the community of Fort McKay; and the author as an anthropologist attempting to do justice to both photographers’ work and provide some analysis regarding the larger issues of Indigenous rights, environmental issues, and western-Canadian visual discourse. The purpose of this article is to explore answers to the questions that are posed in its title: what can a photo say, what should it say, and how is these imagistic utterances shaped by both the perspective of the photographer and the audience? Exploring the political nature and meaning of art is important to the discipline of photography, to the study of visual representation, and to the way that community members and outsiders conceive of the Canadian West, the oil sands, and the community of Fort McKay, Alberta.Résumé | Dans cet article, l’auteur utilise les photos de deux photographes (Nadia Bouchier et Aaron Vincent Elkaim) afin d’explorer l’expérience des membres de Fort McKay en Alberta, ainsi que le dialogue visuel Ouest canadien. Trois perspectives importantes sont unis dans cette pièce : Nadia, le photographe qui a vécu dans la communauté de Fort McKay pour la plupart de sa vie ; Aaron, l’artiste et photographe qui a passé plusieurs mois dans la collectivité de Fort McKay; et l’auteur en tant qu’anthropologue tenter de rendre justice au travail de deux photographes afin de fournir une analyse sur les grandes questions de droits indigènes, les questions environnementales, et discours visuel de l’Ouest canadien. Le but de cet article est d’explorer les réponses aux questions qui sont posées dans le titre : que peut dire une photo, que devrait-elle dire, et comment est cela affecté par la perspective du photographe et le consommateur le l’art ? Explorer la nature et le sens de l’art politique est important pour la discipline de la photographie, à l’étude de la représentation visuelle, ainsi que la façon dont les membres de la communauté et les étrangers conçoivent de l’Ouest canadien, les sables bitumineux, et la communauté de Fort McKay.
Placing Nostalgia: Affect and Photography in the New Saskatchewan
Authors: Saltzman Vera , Zink Valerie , Pertychyn Jon
Published: December 2016

Abstract | The old social-democratic Saskatchewan has died. In its place, a neoliberal New Saskatchewan has taken hold over culture, politics, emotions, and the economy. This article situates the photography of Saskatchewan-based photographers Valerie Zink and Vera Saltzman within this shift to the oil-based neoliberal economies of the New Saskatchewan. I argue that Zink and Saltzman both work reparatively against the future-oriented place-making strategies of neoliberalism, constructing new affective economies through a critical engagement with nostalgia. Placed side by side, Zink’s and Saltzman’s photographs remind us of the place of Indigenous peoples and the importance of water to the flourishing of life. Their photographs develop an alternative affective economy in which the circulation of nostalgia as both a spatial and temporal affect unsticks optimism from neoliberalism, scrambles its neat teleologies, collapses regional distinctions, and accounts for the human and environmental cost of the New Saskatchewan’s unbridled optimism. By playing with and placing nostalgia, Zink and Saltzman invert the New Saskatchewan’s future-orientation, producing an alternative affective economy attentive to those left out of the New Saskatchewan.Résumé | L’ancienne Saskatchewan socio-démocrate est morte. A sa place une Saskatchewan néolibérale a pris en main la culture, la politiques les émotions et l’économie. Cet article met en contexte les œuvres des photographes saskatchewanaises Valerie Zink et Vera Saltzman au cœur de ce changement vers une économie néolibérale reposant sur l’industrie du pétrole dans cette nouvelle Saskatchewan. J’avance que Zink et Saltzman utilise une approche reparative dans leurs œuvres, contre les stratégies de construction d’espace tournées vers le futur du néolibéralisme et construisent de nouvelles économies affectives à travers un engagement critique avec le concept de nostalgie. Mises côte à côte, les images de Zink et Saltzman nous rappellent la place des peuples autochtones et l’importance de l’eau dans l’épanouissement de la vie. Leurs images développent une économie affective alternative dans laquelle la circulation de la nostalgie en tant qu’affect spatial et temporel ôte tout optimisme au néolibéralisme, chamboule ses téléologies bien nettes, détruit ses distinctions régionales et prend en considération les couts humains et environnementaux de l’optimisme sans limite de la nouvelle Saskatchewan. En mettant en contexte et en jouant avec la nostalgie, Zink et Saltzman renversent l’orientation vers le futur de la nouvelle Saskatchewan et produisent une économie affective alternative qui portent attention à ceux qui sont laissés de côté.
La imagen del poder regio a través de las crónicas reales impresas en el siglo XVI: El corpus de la Biblioteca de la Universidad de Oviedo
Authors: Sáenz Pascual Raquel
Published: December 2016

En la Biblioteca de la Universidad de Oviedo se conserva un conjunto de crónicas reales castellanas impresas en el siglo XVI, algunas de ellas con ilustraciones y bellas iniciales figurativas. A través de las mismas se estudia la imagen del poder regio, sus posibles fuentes de inspiración, sus precedentes e innovaciones, así como el impacto que puedan tener las prácticas de los impresores de la época. Se presta también atención a la presencia de iconografía religiosa acompañando una obra de carácter histórico y las razones de ello.
Una nueva obra de Luis Salvador Carmona: el san Francisco del Palacio Episcopal de Plasencia
Authors: Méndez Hernán Vicente
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer una nueva escultura de san Francisco de Asís, que lleva el sello evidente de la faceta más tradicional, barroca y realista de Luis Salvador Carmona. Se conserva en el palacio Episcopal de la ciudad de Plasencia, y procede del suprimido convento de Santa Catalina del Arenal, de la observancia franciscana. Fue encargada por la Venerable Orden Tercera que se servía en el mismo.
Vivencia y mito: la experiencia de la enfermedad en la construcción de la identidad artística. Tàpies, Saura y Millares.
Authors: García Perera José Manuel
Published: December 2016

El padecimiento de la enfermedad ha desempeñado un papel significativo en la vida y en la creación de numerosos artistas. Este estudio documental se centra en los casos de Tàpies, Saura y Millares para, a través de su pintura y sus propios escritos, reflexionar sobre la construcción de la identidad artística como reflejo de acontecimientos vitales. La reescritura del cuerpo que une sus obras habla de dolores personales a la vez que universales, y la consideración de la experiencia de la enfermedad oscila entre el trance superado y enriquecedor para el espíritu (Saura y Tàpies) y la angustia vital incurable (Millares), de ahí que sus relatos personales puedan en el primer extremo mitificar la enfermedad y en el segundo hacer de ella una amenaza constante.

Palabras clave: enfermedad, pintura, identidad, cuerpo.
Visiones ante el umbral: el discurso iconográfico de la galería porticada de Rebolledo de la Torre
Authors: Salgado Pantoja José Arturo
Published: December 2016

<span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">En este artículo se analiza la galería porticada de Rebolledo de la Torre (Burgos) desde una perspectiva iconográfica. Esta majestuosa obra románica, construida en 1186 por el taller de Juan de Piasca, presenta en sus capiteles y canecillos un mensaje ordenado y comprensible en el que se alude al origen y las consecuencias del pecado, así como a la necesidad de combatirlo con las armas de la fe y la virtud.