bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural brain changes in post‐acute COVID‐19 patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Campabadal Anna , Oltra Javier , Junqué Carme , Guillen Núria , Botí María Ángeles , Sala‐Llonch Roser , Monté‐Rubio Gemma C. , Lledó Gema , Bargalló Nuria , Rami Lorena , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Segura Bàrbara
Published: December 2022

Objective

This research aims to study structural brain changes in patients with persistent olfactory dysfunctions after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Methods

COVID‐19 patients were evaluated using T1‐weighted and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on a 3T MRI scanner, 9.94 ± 3.83 months after COVID‐19 diagnosis. Gray matter (GM) voxel‐based morphometry was performed using FSL‐VBM. Voxelwise statistical analysis of the fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity was carried out with the tract‐based spatial statistics in the olfactory system. The smell identification test (UPSIT) was used to classify patients as normal olfaction or olfactory dysfunction groups. Intergroup comparisons between GM and DTI measures were computed, as well as correlations with the UPSIT scores.

Results

Forty‐eight COVID‐19 patients were included in the study. Twenty‐three were classified as olfactory dysfunction, and 25 as normal olfaction. The olfactory dysfunction group had lower GM volume in a cluster involving the left amygdala, insular cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, frontal superior and inferior orbital gyri, gyrus rectus, olfactory cortex, caudate, and putamen. This group also showed higher MD values in the genu of the corpus callosum, the orbitofrontal area, the anterior thalamic radiation, and the forceps minor; and higher RD values in the anterior corona radiata, the genu of the corpus callosum, and uncinate fasciculus compared with the normal olfaction group. The UPSIT scores for the whole sample were negatively associated with both MD and RD values (p‐value ≤0.05 FWE‐corrected).

Interpretation

There is decreased GM volume and increased MD in olfactory‐related regions explaining prolonged olfactory deficits in post‐acute COVID‐19 patients.
Temporal distance and veracity effects on the level of detail in statements about intentions
Authors: Warmelink Lara , O'Connell Felicity
Published: December 2022

Construal level theory states that future events that are nearer in the future and events that are more likely to happen have lower construal levels, and therefore have less detail, than events that are further away and/or less likely to happen. Consistent with this theory, the number of details in a statement can be a moderately good cue to deception. If veracity and temporal distance both affect detail, detail may only be a good cue to deception about events that occur at certain temporal distances. This paper describes a study on whether temporal distance and veracity affect detail levels in statements about intentions. The results suggest that temporal distance and veracity do not affect detail levels in this dataset. Intentions that were completed also did not differ from uncompleted intentions. Overall, the study found no support for the hypothesised effects of temporal distance and veracity on level of detail.
SAMHSA proposes reforms to methadone rules, keeps OTPs in charge
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2022

Last week, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) released a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) that would make permanent the take‐home exemptions of COVID‐19, making it possible for “less stable” patients to receive more take‐homes. In addition, the proposal would remove the one‐year requirement for opioid use disorder (OUD), remove the reliance on toxicology tests and the length of time in treatment and allow telehealth inductions by methadone.
AAAP meeting: Providers urged to voice concerns over marijuana
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2022

Having an honest, fact‐based conversation with patients or policymakers about the dangers of cannabis means having to navigate an array of contradictions, panelists at a first‐day symposium of the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry (AAAP) annual meeting acknowledged. Participants in the Dec. 8 session in Naples, Florida cited these among the most prominent contradictions that complicate today's discussions around cannabis.
Polymer‐Derived High‐Temperature Nonoxide Materials: A Review
Authors: Zhou Yue , Lu Kathy
Published: December 2022

This review is focused on an attractive class of polymer‐derived high‐temperature ceramics, namely, polymer‐derived nonoxide materials. With a brief introduction of high‐temperature nonoxides, the origin of using polycarbosilane (PCS) polymer melt spinning to synthesize silicon carbide (SiC) fibers is traced back. For SiC formation, the four stages for the conversion from polymer precursors to microcrystalline ceramics are examined first: crosslinking, polymer decomposition, ceramic formation, and crystallization. Also, the important parameters related to PCS pyrolysis are explained, and polymer‐derived SiC microstructures and compositions are evaluated. Solid‐solution carbides and transition metal carbides are further reviewed. For boride materials, the discussion is focused on transition metal borides and boride composites. Similar to PCS conversion to SiC, nitride materials mostly start with polycarbosilazane (PSZ) precursors and form into the final materials through pyrolysis. With different carbide and nitride precursors mixed and pyrolyzed together, high‐temperature nonoxide composites are formed. Such molecular‐level intermixing and versatile capability of forming different shapes enable many exciting properties. Among these are mechanical and thermal properties, along with electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, and charge storage capability. An overview of applications of polymer‐derived nonoxides is provided, followed by a summary and outlook.
Nanospikes on Customized 3D‐Printed Titanium Implant Surface Inhibits Bacterial Colonization
Authors: Mathew Asha , Hasan Jafar , Singamneni Sarat , Yarlagadda Prasad K.D.V.
Published: December 2022

Additive manufacturing has opened the door to patient‐tailored orthopedic implants, which can significantly minimize implant failures associated with prosthesis‐to‐bone mismatch. Success of an implant also depends on the choice of implant materials, effective osseointegration, implant quality, and the mechanical properties together with its capability to limit infection due to bacterial contamination. Herein, nanospikes are created on 3D‐printed titanium‐alloyed implant surfaces, which can kill bacteria to minimize any implant‐associated infections. For the first time, orthopedic implants with a fracture to the proximal phalanx are fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) followed by a heat‐treatment step and the hydrothermal process. It is showed in the results that by optimizing SLM parameters, dimensionally consistent parts can be produced and tensile properties of the 3D‐printed implants can be significantly improved via a simple cyclic heat‐treatment process compared to the traditionally manufactured implants. Nanospikes similar to those present on dragonfly wings fabricated on 3D‐printed implants surface are able to kill above 90% of adhering bacteria by rupturing the membranes upon contact. These results indicate that fabrication of patient‐specific 3D‐printed implants with inherent bactericidal properties has the potential to eliminate postsurgical infections and possible implant failures.
Designer Fe3O4@Ag Core–Shell Porous Nanospheres for Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Chakraborty Indranil , Bose Suryasarathi , Chatterjee Kaushik
Published: December 2022

Electromagnetic (EM) pollution is a pressing concern owing to the increasing usage of electronic gadgets. To this end, lightweight and flexible shields are in huge demand to comply with modern electronics, Herein, designer core–shell porous nanospheres (PNSs) are synthesized, and along with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), their composites are developed in ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) with excellent EM interference (EMI) shielding ability. The Fe3O4 PNSs synthesized through controlled solvothermal synthesis are systematically evaluated to elucidate the formation of PNSs to attain porous core–shell morphology. The as‐prepared Fe3O4 PNSs are coated with Ag by electroless deposition. The developed polymer nanocomposite is flexible and lightweight that effectively attenuates the incoming EM radiation with measured shielding effectiveness (SE) up to 29 dB. This work presents novel insights into the evolution of designer PNSs and presents lightweight polymer composites containing the designer PNSs with excellent radiation shielding activity.
Molecular Complementarity of Proteomimetic Materials for Target‐Specific Recognition and Recognition‐Mediated Complex Functions
Authors: Kim Minsun , Jo Hyesung , Jung Gyoo Yeol , Oh Seung Soo
Published: December 2022

As biomolecules essential for sustaining life, proteins are generated from long chains of 20 different α‐amino acids that are folded into unique 3D structures. In particular, many proteins have molecular recognition functions owing to their binding pockets, which have complementary shapes, charges, and polarities for specific targets, making these biopolymers unique and highly valuable for biomedical and biocatalytic applications. Based on the understanding of protein structures and microenvironments, molecular complementarity can be exhibited by synthesizable and modifiable materials. This has prompted researchers to explore the proteomimetic potentials of a diverse range of materials, including biologically available peptides and oligonucleotides, synthetic supramolecules, inorganic molecules, and related coordination networks. To fully resemble a protein, proteomimetic materials perform the molecular recognition to mediate complex molecular functions, such as allosteric regulation, signal transduction, enzymatic reactions, and stimuli‐responsive motions; this can also expand the landscape of their potential bio‐applications. This review focuses on the recognitive aspects of proteomimetic designs derived for individual materials and their conformations. Recent progress provides insights to help guide the development of advanced protein mimicry with material heterogeneity, design modularity, and tailored functionality. The perspectives and challenges of current proteomimetic designs and tools are also discussed in relation to future applications.
Synthesis of 4‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐2,3‐Dihydrothiazoles from α‐Enolic Dithioesters and Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: Yang Dezhi , Wang Yan , Wang Taimin , Dou Qian , Zhou Kang , Zhai Hongbin , Cheng Bin
Published: December 2022

The synthesis of 4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2,3‐dihydrothiazoles from α‐enolic dithioesters and imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides has been achieved under thermal conditions. This transformation is catalyst‐free, additive‐free, and operationally simple, and it proceeds via a formal insertion of alkenyl S−H generated in situ from dithioesters into ylides followed by an intramolecular annulation. This approach further expands the synthetic application of two versatile sulfur‐containing building blocks of fluorinated imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides and α‐enolic dithioesters.

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Nutrients digestibility and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on oilseed meals with crude papain enzyme
Authors: Kirimi James G. , Musalia Levi M. , Magana Adiel , Munguti Jonathan M.
Published: December 2022

In this study, nutrients digestibility and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on oilseed meals with crude papain enzyme were determined. A control diet (D1) of 30% crude protein (CP) was formulated using fishmeal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) and sunflower meal (SFM). The test diets were formulated with replacing 10% CP of FM by SBM (D2), CM (D3) and SFM (D4), respectively. Crude papain enzyme in powder form was incorporated at 0.06%. Digestibility trial was performed using chromium oxide as an inert marker. A feeding trial of 101 days was conducted using a 4 × 2 factorial design with 4 diets (D1, D2, D3 and D4) and 2 papain enzyme inclusion levels at 0.06% and 0% using 720 Nile tilapia fingerlings (7 ± 3 g). The fingerlings were randomly distributed into 8 groups of 3 replicates of 30 fingerlings per net hapa (2 × 1 × 1 m3). Fish were fed twice daily at 5% of their biomass at 10 am and 4 pm in two equal meals. Apparent digestibility coefficients increased (p < 0.05) on crude papain enzyme supplementation. There was increase in final body weight (47.32 ± 2.10 g) on 0.06% enzyme than without enzyme (0%) (46.17 ± 2.14 g) (p > 0.05). Irrespective of enzyme supplementation, fish fed FM‐based diet were larger (56.89 ± 1.37 g) (p < 0.05) than those fed on oilseed meals; SBM (45.59 ± 0.91 g), CM (43.89 ± 2.12 g) and SFM (40.59 ± 1.60 g). Based on the study, 0.06% crude papain enzyme inclusion increased nutrients digestibility and growth performance of Nile tilapia. Therefore, crude papain enzyme is recommended as a feed additive in Nile tilapia diets to promote growth. However, more research is recommended to determine optimum inclusion levels of crude papain enzyme in Nile tilapia diets.
Chirality enhanced shear‐free mixing of highly viscous fluids in an origami reactor
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Tao Shengyang
Published: December 2022

Mixing high‐viscosity fluids is essential in chemical production, but it is challenging since the Reynolds number is small in such a system. As a result, dead zones with insufficient mixing usually exist. Introducing chaotic convection in fluids is a critical way to improve mixing efficiency. Based on the art of origami, a foldable reactor capable of generating chiral shear‐free chaotic convection is designed in this study. Finite element analysis and image analysis were used to evaluate the mixing performance of the reactor. The chiral structure increases the freedom of movement of the reactor, which drives high‐viscosity fluids inside to generate complex vortices. In addition, the vertical eddying movements significantly enhance the mixing process. Therefore, highly viscous fluids, such as glycerol and toothpaste, are well mixed in a short time without any dead zone. The chiral origami structure shows great potential for fabricating functional chemical engineering systems.
Effects of caste, birth season, and family income on digit ratios
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Voracek Martin
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The contributions of latitude and ethnicity in the determination of cross‐society differences in digit ratios are unclear. In India, different castes (endogamous groups) have been living in the same areas (villages or towns) for the last 1500 years and, therefore, these groups may have different gene pools without a latitude‐related difference component. Thus, in the present study, we studied the effect of caste on digit ratios. We also studied the effects of sex, birth season, and family income on digit ratios.

Methods

We selected a sample of 301 college students (age: M = 19.9 years, SD = 2.63) in Muzaffarnagar city of western Uttar Pradesh, India, and asked participants for information regarding their birth month, religion, caste, and monthly family income. We measured participants' dorsal and palmar digit lengths (of all fingers, except the thumb, in both hands) using vernier calipers of 0.01 mm accuracy.

Results

Other backward castes (intermediate castes) had longer digit lengths than general castes (upper castes), scheduled castes (lower castes), and Muslims. However, there was no difference in digit ratios of caste groups (scheduled castes vs. other backward castes vs. general castes vs. Muslims) or specific castes (Chamar‐Jatav vs. Jat vs. Pandit‐Tyagi). Winter‐born women had lower left dorsal 2D:4D and 3D:4D ratios than summer‐born women. Family income was related to higher dorsal 2D:4D and 3D:4D ratios among women. Moreover, in dorsal digit ratios, sex difference (men < women) occurred in digit ratios constituting digit 5, whereas, in palmar digit ratios, sex difference occurred in digit ratios constituting digit 2.

Conclusions

The present study suggests that endogamy‐led genetic difference in ethnic/caste groups is not a determinant, whereas birth season (i.e., the exposure to sunlight) and family income might be determinants of digit ratios. In addition, compared to palmar digit ratios, dorsal digit ratios are better markers of sexual dimorphism.
Swelling‐induced Mechanochromism in Multinetwork Polymers
Authors: Watabe Takuma , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: December 2022

We report a novel and versatile approach to achieving swelling‐induced mechanochemistry using a multinetwork (MN) strategy that enables polymer networks to repeatedly swell with monomers and solvents. The isotropic expansion of the first network (FN) provides sufficient force to drive the mechanochemical scission of a radical‐based mechanophore, difluorenylsuccinonitrile (DFSN). Although prompt recombination generally occurs in such highly mobile environments, the resulting pink radicals are kinetically stabilized in the gels, probably due to limited diffusion in the extended polymer chains. Moreover, the DFSN embedded in the isotropically strained chain exhibits increased thermal reactivity, which can be reasonably explained by an entropic contribution of the FN to the dissociation. The utility of the MN polymers is demonstrated not only in terms of swelling‐force‐induced network modification, but also in the context of tunable reactivity of the dissociative unit through proper design of the hierarchical network architecture.
Low‐Frequency Sub‐Terahertz Absorption in HgII−XCN−FeII (X=S, Se) Coordination Polymers
Authors: Li Guanping , Stefanczyk Olaf , Kumar Kunal , Mineo Yuuki , Nakabayashi Koji , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: December 2022

Self‐assembly FeII complexes of phenazine (Phen), quinoxaline (Qxn), and 4,4′‐trimethylenedipyridine (Tmp) with tetrahedral building blocks of [HgII(XCN)4]2− (X=S or Se) formed six new high‐dimensional frameworks with the general formula of [Fe(L)m][Hg(XCN)4]⋅solvents (L=Phen, m/X=2/S, 1; L=Qxn, m/X=2/S, 2; L=Qxn, m/X=1/S, 3; L=Qxn, m/X=1/Se, 3‐Se; L=Tmp, m/X=1/S, 4; and L=Tmp, m/X=1/Se, 4‐Se). 1, 3, and 3‐Se show an intense sub‐terahertz (sub‐THz) absorbance of around 0.60 THz due to vibrations of the solvent molecules coordinated to the FeII ions and crystallization organic molecules. In addition, crystals of 1, 4, and 4‐Se display low‐frequency Raman scattering with exceptionally low values of 0.44, 0.51, and 0.53 THz, respectively. These results indicate that heavy metal FeII−HgII systems are promising platforms to construct sub‐THz absorbers.
Veni, vidi, vici? On the rise of scrape‐and‐report scholarship in online reviews research
Authors: Wu Philip Fei
Published: December 2022

JASIST has in recent years received many submissions reporting data analytics based on “Big Data” of online reviews scraped from various platforms. By outlining major issues in this type of scape‐and‐report scholarship and providing a set of recommendations, this essay encourages online reviews researchers to look at Big Data with a critical eye and treat online reviews as a sociotechnical “thing” produced within the fabric of sociomaterial life.
Lower limb lymphedema and cellulitis as a complication of COVID‐19 vaccine: A case report
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Ahmad , Ebrahimi Kamyar , Shahriarirad Reza , Dalfardi Farzad
Published: December 2022

A 68‐year‐old man without complications following his first dose of Sinopharm (BBIBP‐CorV) COVID‐19 vaccine developed left foot and ankle edema, extending to his left leg 3 days after his second dose. Color‐Doppler sonography and lymphoscintigraphy showed extensive soft tissue swelling and fat edema in both legs, proposing lymphatic drainage disorder.
Coffin–Siris syndrome: Clinical description of two cases
Authors: Hollander Nina , ten Tusscher Gavin William
Published: December 2022

Coffin–Siris syndrome is a rare disorder, which can be difficult to recognize. A broad spectrum of nonspecific clinical features is associated with Coffin–Siris syndrome, and the expression of these features is diverse. We describe two cases with Coffin–Siris syndrome with mutations in the ARID1A gene, with dissimilar presentation and clinical course.
A rare distributive shock diagnosed only by medical history and inspection
Authors: Kamada Ayaka , Komatsu Takayuki , Asako Suguru , Mizuno Keiko , Takami Hiroki , Nomura Tomohisa , Sugita Manabu
Published: December 2022

A 78‐year‐old Japanese man was in a state of shock with skin flushing. Although he denied, his wife revealed his prescription disulfiram for alcoholism. Disulfiram‐ethanol reaction, even though it is a rare cause of distributive shock, could be easily and quickly differentiated only based on accurate medical history and inspection.
Development of Thermophysical Property Models for Aqueous Amino Acid Solutions
Authors: Kim Jun-Woo , Lee Kang Hoon , Park Woo Hyung , Hong Seok Bin , Park Chanhun , Kim Miae , Kim Jin-Kuk
Published: December 2022

Models for the calculation of density, heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of amino acid aqueous solutions were proposed. Density, heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of pure amino acid liquids were predicted by the Rackett model, Watson model, Heu‐Sheu‐Tu group contribution method, and Sato‐Riedel model, respectively. Mixing rule equations required for the prediction of density, heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of amino acid aqueous solutions were suggested. Density, heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity data of 930, 975, 450, and 167 data points, respectively, for 20 amino acid aqueous solution systems were regressed to determine the most appropriate mixing rule parameters.
Electrochemical Behaviour of Organic Explosive Compounds in Ionic Liquids: Towards Discriminate Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Hay Catherine E. , Linden Sarah K. , Silvester Debbie S.
Published: December 2022

The electrochemical reduction of four organic explosive compounds, 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane (HMX), 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl), is studied in eight room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). In all RTILs, the reduction peaks were highly complicated, but much better resolved than in previous studies in conventional solvents. HMX typically showed broad overlapping peaks in RTILs with distinctly different voltammetric wave shapes. The voltammetry of RDX also varied dramatically, ranging from one to four reductive peaks with broad features. PETN showed one large reduction peak owing to the overlapping reduction processes for all the nitro‐ groups. Tetryl produced the most complex voltammetry with the largest number of cathodic peaks, likely due to the structure that contains both nitramine and nitroaromatic groups. For all explosives, an electrogenerated product was oxidized on the reverse scan. The reduction potentials and voltammetric wave shapes were found to vary significantly in the different RTILs, allowing the possibility to ‘fingerprint’ the different explosives using their distinct signatures, suggesting that discriminative sensing may be possible by careful tuning of the RTIL structure. Exploring the electrochemical behaviour of these explosives is a first step towards utilising RTILs as favourable solvents for the electrochemical detection of such compounds.
Challenges and Developments of High Energy Density Anode Materials in Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Li Dabing , Liu Hong , Liang Yuhao , Wang Chao , Fan Li‐Zhen
Published: December 2022

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) are considered the most promising next‐generation energy storage device owing to their high safety. The sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) possess high ionic conductivity (10−4–10−2 S cm−1) at room temperature, non‐flammable properties, and moderate modulus, all of which are crucial requirements for the scalable application of high‐performance ASSBs. However, achieving a high energy density of >300 Wh kg−1 appears to be a significant hurdle in current ASSBs. Research on high‐energy‐density anode materials is of great importance for enhancing the overall energy density in ASSBs. However, relatively few review articles have focused on the overall development profile of representative anode materials in sulfide SEs. Here, we start by underlining the importance of the multi‐physical properties of sulfide SEs, including ionic conductivity, chemical properties, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the potential failure mechanisms of sulfide SEs with Li anodes and corresponding improvement strategies are systematically discussed. Finally, we summarize recent notable works of anode materials in sulfide‐based ASSBs, aiming to provide important guidance for fulfilling a real leap of high energy density anode materials in sulfide ASSBs.
CoOx Supported on α‐MoC for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Yang Luna , Yuan Wenjie , Yang Shujiao , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui
Published: December 2022

It is particularly significant to apply stable and low‐cost catalysts in electrochemical water oxidation. It has been reported that molybdenum carbides have exceptional water dissociation ability in thermal catalysis. However, its role in electrocatalytic water oxidation, in which water dissociation is the key initial step, has not yet been paid attention to. Herein, cobalt oxide (CoOx) nanoparticles, by an incipient‐wetness impregnation method, were successfully supported on the surface of nitrogen‐doped porous carbon homogeneously distributed ultrafine α‐MoC nanoparticles with nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (α‐MoC/NC) and worked as efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation. By regulating the loading amounts of cobalt oxide and the calcination temperature, a series of mesoporous CoOx@α‐MoC/NC composites were obtained. The optimal electrocatalyst exhibited low oxygen evolution overpotential (10 mA cm−2, 410 mV) and an excellent anodic stability. Experimental results implied that the synergistic effect between cobalt oxide and α‐MoC/NC can facilitate water oxidation, with the latter having the ability to dissociate water molecules.
Nitrogen Defects in Porous Carbons with Adjacent Silver Nanoclusters for Efficient CO2 Reduction
Authors: Qiu Yuan , Xie Zhongyuan , Gao Sanshuang , Cao Huanqi , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Qian , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun
Published: December 2022

Electrochemical CO2 reduction is an environmentally sustainable way for CO2 conversion and utilization, the development of which needs highly efficient catalysts. Ag‐based materials are one kind of electrocatalyst that are catalytically active for CO2 reduction to CO. In this work, Ag clusters were fabricated on nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanomaterials by a high‐temperature annealing method. The well‐dispersion of Ag sites on nitrogen‐doped carbons (Ag/NC) promoted CO production. As a result, Ag/NC showed a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 94 % at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs RHE) at room temperature. In addition, Ag/NC showed good CO2 reduction stability, and the CO Faradaic efficiency remained stable at about 90 % at −0.7 V vs RHE for 12 h. Density functional theory calculation indicated that the cooperation of Ag and N‐dopings effectively reduced the activation energy barrier of CO2 reduction relative to hydrogen evolution reaction and thus effectively promoted the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 molecules to CO. This method provides a new idea for the synthesis of CO2 reduction catalysts with higher activity, selectivity and stability.
Paramagnetic Liquid Crystals With Close π–π Packing: The Effect of Blatter Radical Planarization on Behavior of Bent‐Core Mesogens
Authors: Cigl Martin , Pociecha Damian , Jakubowski Rafał , Kapuściński Szymon , Kaszyński Piotr
Published: December 2022

A new, 19 π‐delocalized electrons planar Blatter radical building block was developed and used to obtain paramagnetic bent‐core liquid crystals. The mesogens were investigated by optical, thermal, powder XRD and DFT methods in the pure form and as binary mixtures. Comparison of their properties with those of the classical Blatter radical analogues revealed that planarization of the central angular element results in a significantly higher stability of the mesophases and increased molecular organization suitable for the formation of ordered banana and columnar mesophases with tighter π–π interactions. These results indicate access to a new, potentially rich class of functional paramagnetic soft materials.
Chalcogen‐Bond Catalysis: Telluronium‐Catalyzed [4+2]‐Cyclocondensation of (in situ Generated) Aryl Imines with Alkenes
Authors: Groslambert Loic , Padilla‐Hernandez Andres , Weiss Robin , Pale Patrick , Mamane Victor
Published: December 2022

In the chalcogen series, tellurium species exhibit the strongest chalcogen bonding (ChB) interaction with electron‐rich atom. This property explains the renewed interested toward tellurium‐based derivatives and their use in different applications, such as organocatalysis. In this context, the catalytic activity of telluronium salts in the Povarov reaction is presented herein. Different dienophiles, as well as imines of variable electronic nature, efficiently react in the presence of catalytic amount of either diarylmethyltelluronium or triaryltelluronium salts. Both catalysts could also readily perform the three‐component Povarov reaction starting from aldehyde, aniline and dihydrofuran. The reactivity of telluroniums towards imines and aldehydes was confirmed in the solid state by the ability of Te atom to interact through ChB with the oxygen carbonyl of acetone, and in solution with significant shift variations of the imine proton and of the tellurium atom in 1H and 125Te NMR spectroscopy. For the most active telluronium catalysts bearing CF3 groups, association constants (K) with N‐phenyl phenylmethanimine in the range 22–38 M−1 were measured in dichloromethane.
Promoting Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Tuning the Properties of Cocatalysts
Authors: Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Akinaga Yuki , Yazaki Daichi , Kameko Hinano , Hirayama Daisuke , Negishi Yuichi
Published: December 2022

Suppressing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is an essential measure toward addressing global warming. Specifically, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) is an effective strategy because it affords the conversion of CO2 into useful carbon feedstocks by using sunlight and water. However, the practical application of photocatalyst‐promoting CRR (CRR photocatalysts) requires significant improvement of their conversion efficiency. Accordingly, extensive research is being conducted toward improving semiconductor photocatalysts, as well as cocatalysts that are loaded as active sites on the photocatalysts. In this review, we summarize recent research and development trends in the improvement of cocatalysts, which have a significant impact on the catalytic activity and selectivity of photocatalytic CRR. We expect that the advanced knowledge provided on the improvement of cocatalysts for CRR in this review will serve as a general guideline to accelerate the development of highly efficient CRR photocatalysts.
Diarylethene Isomerization by Using Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion
Authors: Larsson Wera , Morimoto Masakazu , Irie Masahiro , Andréasson Joakim , Albinsson Bo
Published: December 2022

Green‐to‐blue triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion with the well‐studied upconversion pair 9,10‐diphenylanthracene (DPA)/platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) was used to reversibly drive the photoisomerization of diarylethene (DAE) photoswitches by using visible light. By carefully selecting the kinetic and spectral properties of the molecular system as well as the experimental geometry, a single green light source can be used to selectively trigger both the ring‐opening and the ring‐closing reactions, whilst also inducing fluorescence from the colored closed isomer that can be used as a readout to monitor the isomerization process in situ. The upconversion solution and the DAE solution are kept physically separated, allowing them to be characterized both concomitantly and individually without further separation processes. The ring‐closing reaction using upconverted photons was quantified and compared to the efficiency of direct isomerization with ultraviolet light.
Heteroaryl‐Substituted Bis‐Anils: Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) Derivatives with Tunable ESIPT Emission Color and pH Sensitivity
Authors: Stoerkler Timothée , Retailleau Pascal , Jacquemin Denis , Ulrich Gilles , Massue Julien
Published: December 2022

The two‐step synthesis, structural, and photophysical properties of a series of heteroaryl‐substituted bis‐anil derivatives presenting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) coupled with an excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process is described. The fluorescence color of the aggregates can be fine tuned by changing the electronic nature of the peripheral substitution, leading to a wide range of emission wavelengths (from green to the near infra‐red). Moreover, upon introduction of strong electron‐withdrawing groups such as cyano (CN), a competition between ESIPT and deprotonation is observed leading to the emission of the anionic species at low water percentage. This observation led to the synthesis of an additional mixed AIE fluorophore, functionalized by methoxy groups on one side and cyano groups on the other side. Upon addition of water, this dye displays first anionic emission, followed by typical AIE/ESIPT red fluorescence upon formation of the aggregates. TD‐DFT calculations on selected AIE dyes were performed to rationalize the nature of the emissive transitions in these derivatives.
Supramolecular Control of Photonic Response and Sensing of Nitricoxide using Iron(III) Corrole Monolayers and Their Stacks
Authors: Graewe Lennart , Hupfer Maximilian L. , Schulz Martin , Mahammed Atif , Gross Zeev , Presselt Martin
Published: December 2022

In this work, we assemble amphiphilic iron(III) corroles at air‐water interfaces into well‐defined quasi‐two‐dimensional molecular monolayers and theirs stacks for sensing of nitric oxide (NO). For this purpose, we use the Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) technique, which allows varying the packing density of iron(III) corroles anchored to the aqueous subphase via one molecular side. The stacks of ten down to three molecular monolayers on the front and back sides of the substrates are sufficiently optically dense to detect NO binding to the layers photometrically. This sensing with few layers demonstrates the potential for electronic detection, where very thin surface functionalizations enable efficient electronic communication between the layer and the (semi)conductor. Despite increasing optical densities, the spectral responses to NO exposure become smaller with increasing packing density until the collapse point of the monolayers is reached. This demonstrates that the highest molecular efficiency for binding and detection of NO is achieved at the smallest packing densities. This finding is relevant to all molecular sensor films with axial binding of analytes to the sensor molecules and demonstrates the advantage of sensor molecule assembly into monolayers on water‐air interfaces using the LB technique.
A mixed methods investigation of reasons underlying fear of positive evaluation
Authors: Wilson Gillian A. , Malivoire Bailee L. , Cassin Stephanie E. , Antony Martin M.
Published: December 2022

Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) is a hallmark feature of social anxiety disorder (SAD). There is also evidence that people with SAD fear receiving positive evaluation and that fear of positive evaluation (FPE) is distinct from FNE. However, researchers have speculated that concerns related to negative evaluation may actually underlie FPE. This study sought to advance our understanding of FPE by employing both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the reasons underlying participants' endorsement of FPE on the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale and the extent to which these reasons reflect FNE versus FPE in a sample of individuals with SAD (n = 47) and a nonclinical comparison group (n = 49). Results indicated that responses to the FPES items primarily reflected an underlying FNE. Consistent with contemporary cognitive–behavioural theories of SAD, fear of proximal or eventual negative judgement emerged as the most common reason for participants' responses on the FPES. However, participants reported other reasons that did not reflect FNE, such as fear of hurting people's feelings and uncertainty associated with positive evaluation. All of the reasons underlying participants' ratings on the FPES were reported by both the SAD group and the nonclinical comparison group; however, individuals with SAD endorsed each of the reasons to a greater extent. These findings suggest that the FPES does not exclusively assess FPE as intended; however, the emergence and endorsement of reasons other than FNE suggest that FPE exists as a distinct construct.
Safety Monitoring of COVID‐19 Vaccines: Perspective from the European Medicines Agency
Authors: Durand Julie , Dogné Jean‐Michel , Cohet Catherine , Browne Kate , Gordillo‐Marañón María , Piccolo Loris , Zaccaria Cosimo , Genov Georgy
Published: December 2022

Prior to deployment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines in the European Union in 2021, a high vaccine uptake leading to an unprecedented volume of safety data from spontaneous reports and real‐world evidence, was anticipated. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) implemented specific activities to ensure enhanced monitoring of emerging vaccine safety information, including intensive monitoring of reports of adverse events of special interest and the use of observed‐to‐expected analyses. The EMA also commissioned several independent observational studies using a large network of electronic healthcare databases and primary data collection via mobile and web‐based applications. This preparedness was key for two high‐profile safety signals: thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), a new clinical entity associated with adenovirus‐vectored vaccines, and myocarditis/pericarditis with messenger RNA vaccines. With no existing case definition nor background rates, the signal of TTS posed particular challenges. Nevertheless, it was rapidly identified, evaluated, contextualized and the risk minimized thanks to close surveillance and an efficient use of available evidence, clinical expertise and flexible regulatory tools. The two signals illustrated the complementarity between spontaneous and real‐world data, the former enabling rapid risk identification and communication, the latter enabling further characterization. The COVID‐19 pandemic has tremendously enhanced the development of tools and methods to harness the unprecedented volume of safety data generated for the vaccines. Areas for further improvement include the need for better and harmonized data collection across Member States (e.g., stratified vaccine exposure) to support signal evaluation in all population groups, risk contextualization, and safety communication.
Isometric Covalent Triazine Framework‐Derived Porous Carbons as Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Nana , Tang Ruizhi , Su Yuezeng , Lu Chenbao , Chen Ziman , Sun Jie , Lv Yongqin , Han Sheng , Yang Chongqing , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: December 2022

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) and their derivative N‐doped carbons have attracted much attention for application in energy conversion and storage. However, previous studies have mainly focused on developing new building blocks and optimizing synthetic conditions. The use of isometric building blocks to control the porous structure and to fundamentally understand structure–property relationships have rarely been reported. In this work, two isometric building blocks are used to produce isometric CTFs with controllable pore geometries. The as‐prepared CTF with nonplanar hexagonal rings demonstrates higher surface area, larger pore volume, and richer N content than the planar CTF. After pyrolysis, nonplanar porous CTF‐derived N‐doped carbons exhibit admirable catalytic activity for oxygen reduction in alkaline media (half‐wave potential: 0.86 V; Tafel slope: 65 mV dec−1), owing to their larger pore volume and the abundance of pyridinic and graphitic N species. When assembled into a zinc–air battery, the as‐made electrocatalysts show high capacities of up to 651 mAh g−1 and excellent durability.
Grouting theories and technologies for the reinforcement of fractured rocks surrounding deep roadways
Authors: Kang Hongpu , Li Wenzhou , Gao Fuqiang , Yang Jianwei
Published: December 2022

Grouting is an effective method to improve the integrity and stability of fractured rocks that surround deep roadways. After years of research and practice, various theories and a complete set of grouting technologies for deep roadways with fractured rocks have been developed and are widely applied in Chinese coal mining production. This paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the research results concerning the theory, design, materials, processes, and equipment for the grouting and reinforcement of fractured rocks surrounding deep roadways. Specifically, in terms of grouting methods, pregrouting, grouting‐while‐excavation, and postgrouting methods are explored; in terms of grouting theory, backfill grouting, compaction grouting, infiltration grouting, and fracture grouting theories are studied. In addition, this paper also studies grouting borehole arrangement, water‐cement ratio, grouting pressure, grouting volume, grout diffusion radius, and other grouting parameters and their determination methods. On this basis, this paper explores the physical and mechanical properties of organic and organic‐inorganic composite grouting materials, and assess grouting reinforcement quality testing methods and instruments. Taken as the field cases, the application of pregrouting in front of heading faces, grouting‐while‐excavation, and postgrouting in the Kouzidong coal mine are then introduced, and the effects of the grouting reinforcements are evaluated. This paper proposes a development direction for grouting technology based on problems existing in the grouting reinforcement of fractured rocks surrounding deep roadways.
Psychiatric visits during the postpartum year in women with eating disorders who continue or discontinue antidepressant treatment in pregnancy
Authors: Trinh Nhung T. H. , Semark Birgitte Dige , Munk‐Olsen Trine , Liu Xiaoqin , Rø Øyvind , Bulik Cynthia M. , Torgersen Leila , Lupattelli Angela , Petersen Liselotte Vogdrup
Published: December 2022

Objective

To determine the association between continued antidepressant use in pregnancy and postpartum psychiatric visits for eating (ED) or mood/anxiety disorders in women with preexisting ED.

Method

Using Danish health registry data (1998–2015), we identified 3529 pregnancies in women with ED prepregnancy: (i) 564 with continued antidepressant use before and during pregnancy; (ii) 778 with discontinued antidepressants before pregnancy; (iii) 2137 unexposed. Outpatient and inpatient postpartum visits for an ED or a mood/anxiety disorder constituted the outcome measures. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting, and performed stratified analyses by antidepressant prescription filling in the first 3 months postpartum.

Results

The weighted cumulative incidence for an ED visit at end of follow‐up was 4.5% (continued) and 4.8% (discontinued). We found no association between continued antidepressant and postpartum ED visit, relative to discontinued (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.52–1.52). The HR for postpartum mood/anxiety disorder visit was 1.27 (95% CI: 0.68–2.36) with continued antidepressants versus discontinued but decreased if more than two antidepressant prescriptions were refilled. Continued antidepressant use was associated with a 57% reduced likelihood of a postpartum ED visit versus discontinued use in pregnancies with antidepressant prescription refills in the early postpartum.

Conclusion

Among women with preexisting ED, there was no association between continued antidepressant use during pregnancy and the likelihood of postpartum psychiatric visits, relative to discontinued antidepressants before pregnancy. Continuation of treatment into the early postpartum is associated with reduced likelihood of postpartum ED visit.

Public Significance

Based on data from the Danish registries, we identified 3529 pregnancies among women with preexisting eating disorders before pregnancy. Women with continued antidepressant treatment both before and during pregnancy did not have a lower probability of having postpartum psychiatric visits for an eating disorder or for mood/anxiety disorders (often coexisting with eating disorders), relative to those who discontinued antidepressants before pregnancy. Further continuation of antidepressant treatment into the early postpartum is associated with improved maternal postpartum outcomes. However, residual confounding by disease severity limits confidence in this conclusion.
X,Y, and Z: A bird's eye view on light pollution
Authors: Degen Tobias , Kolláth Zoltán , Degen Jacqueline
Published: December 2022

The global increase in light pollution is being viewed with growing concern, as it has been reported to have negative effects ranging from the individual to the ecosystem level.

Unlike movement on the ground, flying and swimming allows vertical motion. Here, we demonstrate that flight altitude change is crucial to the perception and susceptibility of artificial light at night of air‐borne organisms. Because air‐borne species can propagate through the airspace and easily across ecotones, effects might not be small‐scale. Therefore, we propose including airspace as a vital habitat in the concept of ecological light pollution.

The interplay between flight altitude and the effects of light pollution may not only be crucial for understanding flying species but may also provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of responses to artificial light at night in general.
Communicate with financial aid offices to successfully re‐enroll stopped‐out students
Authors: Taylor Zach
Published: December 2022

As the enrollment cliff is approaching in 2025, enrollment managers need to explore new and creative methods of re‐engaging with stopped‐out students. Although there has been much written about how to help this population, many students during the pandemic left school for financial reasons, which will require enrollment managers to work closely with financial aid leadership on campus.