bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Split Nasopharyngeal Airway, a Tracking Tool for Fibreoptic Nasotracheal Intubation: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Saini Savita , Katewa Manoj Kumari , Chhikara Monica , Taxak Susheela , Aggarwal Priyanka , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Sumit
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Managing a challenging airway in awake, sedated, or anaesthetised patients has made Fibreoptic Intubation (FOI) using a flexible Fibreoptic Bronchoscope (FOB) a mainstay in clinical practice. Aim: To evaluate and compare fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation with or without Split Nasopharyngeal Airway (SNPA) as a conduit, focusing on time taken, ease of insertion, and haemodynamic changes. Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Pt. B.D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India, on 80 patients who were randomly allocated into two groups: Group CL (the control group without SNPA) and Group NP (with SNPA). Both groups were induced with general anaesthesia, and nostrils were prepared for FOB. In Group CL, a well-lubricated FOB was inserted into the selected nostril without using SNPA, and endotracheal intubation was performed. In Group NP, an appropriately sized SNPA was lubricated and inserted into the selected nostril. The fiberscope was passed through the SNPA, the vocal cords were visualised, and the SNPA was removed before railroading the preloaded tube through the vocal cords to confirm correct placement. The time taken for bronchoscopy and intubation, ease of insertion, haemodynamic parameters, and bleeding were recorded in both groups. The data was coded, entered, and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. A significance level was set at a p-value ≤0.05. Results: Demographic data, including age and gender distribution, mean weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), and airway parameters such as Mallampati grading, neck circumference, inter-incisor distance, and ASA grading, were standardised. There was no significant difference between the CL and NP groups regarding these parameters. The time taken for FOB and intubation in Group CL was 2.59±0.96 minutes and 3.61±1.04 minutes, respectively, compared to 1.87±0.91 minutes and 2.51±0.86 minutes in Group NP (p-value=0.001). The time taken to visualise the glottis was also shorter in the NP group (6.70±13.97 minutes) compared to the CL group (24.02±13.06 minutes), which was significant. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was considered easy in 16 patients (40%) in Group CL and 27 patients (67.5%) in Group NP (p-value=0.04). The increase in mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in Group CL than in Group NP just after the insertion of the FOB into the nasopharynx (p-value=0.05). Conclusion: Fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation through an SNPA is less time-consuming and results in easier intubation. It causes less trauma to the nasal passage and leads to fewer haemodynamic variations in terms of mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Hence, SNPA is a better method for facilitating FOI compared to intubation without it.
Morphometric Assessment of Condyle and Glenoid Fossa using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Gujarati Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mehta Vaibhavi , Ruparelia Pritesh , Venkatesh Rashmi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Several morphological alterations and remodelling occur in the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa to adapt to trauma, malocclusion and other developmental disorders. Understanding these changes will aid healthcare providers in comprehending the pathophysiology of various Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) problems. Aim: To evaluate the morphometric attributes of the condyle and glenoid fossa in the Gujarati population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional radiographic morphometric investigation was conducted at the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at the College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre in Bopal, Gujarat, India using departmental archives from September 2019 to September 2022. A total of 40 CBCT scans (80 TMJs) were performed and analysed using the Papaya 3D and Genoray CBCT machines, along with Triana imaging software. Measurements were taken for condylar length, width, height, joint space (anterior, superior, posterior, medial, lateral) and the thickness of the Roof of the Glenoid Fossa (RGF) (sagittal, coronal) on the CBCT images. The aforementioned parameters were compared between genders, age groups and sides using a paired t-test and statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software package (Chicago, IL, USA), version 21.0 for Microsoft (MS) Windows. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 34±9.6 years. The condylar width between males and females was the only condylar characteristic that differed significantly (p-value 0.001). Apart from the gender analysis, no statistically significant variations (p>0.05) were found in the thickness of the RGF when comparing age or side. However, in the genderwise examination of joint space, males had significantly higher measurements of Superior Joint Space (SJS), Medial Joint Space (MJS) and Lateral Joint Space (LJS) than females. Conclusion: Gujarati males had a significantly larger condylar width compared to females. When considering gender-specific data, males also exhibited greater SJSs, MJSs and LJSs, as well as increased thickness of the RGF. The results of the present study may provide a relevant and comparable reference for the clinical assessment of individuals with healthy, functional, or pathological TMJs.
The Mediating Effect of Service Quality on Total Quality Management and Customer Loyalty in Banking Sector
Authors: Alallq Hussein Adnan Essa
Published: October 2024

The aim of the research is to scrutinize the effect of TQM on customer loyalty through the mediation of quality service. The data was collected from workers of private banks in Iraq. Cluster sampling technique was used to collect the data. There were 390 employees taken as a sample size. The finding demonstrates that the effect of TQM practices on customer loyalty is significant. The significant mediating effect of quality service between the association of TQM and customer loyalty. In the end, the implication of the study is the private banks implement TQM practice effectively so that it has more a great impact on customer loyalty.
Die Politisierung des Strafverfahrensrechts während des war on drugs
Authors: Schwartz Svenja
Published: October 2024

Der Aufsatz argumentiert, dass der US-amerikanische war on drugs ein Paradebeispiel der Politisierung des Strafprozessrechts darstellt. Nach einer Einführung zum war on drugs als politische Kampagne und dem hier verwandten Begriff der Politisierung werden als Schwerpunkt des Beitrags strafprozessuale Beispiele angeführt. Dazu gehören u.a. die Gründe für die Untersuchungshaft, das Strafmaß, die Einziehung, die Pflichten des Verteidigers und das Freikommen gegen Kaution.
Conjugate Observations of the Evolution of Polar Cap Arcs in Both Hemispheres
Authors: Xing Zanyang , Zhang Qinghe , Han Desheng , Zhang Yongliang , Sato Natsuo , Zhang Shunrong , Hu Zejun , Wang Yong , Ma Yuzhang
Published: February 2018

We report results from the analysis of a case of conjugate polar cap arcs (PCAs) observed on 5 February 2006 in the Northern Hemisphere by the ground‐based Yellow River Station all‐sky imager (Svalbard) and in both hemispheres by the space‐based DMSP/SSUSI and TIMED/GUVI instruments. The PCA's motion in dawn‐dusk direction shows a clear dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component and presents a clear asymmetry between Southern and Northern Hemispheres, that is, formed on the duskside and moving from dusk to dawn in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa in the other hemisphere. The already existing PCAs' motion is influenced by the changes in the IMF By with a time delay of ~70 min. We also observed strong flow shears/reversals around the PCAs in both hemispheres. The precipitating particles observed in the ionosphere associated with PCAs showed properties of boundary layer plasma. Based on these observations, we might reasonably expect that the topological changes in the magnetotail can produce a strip of closed field lines and local processes would set up conditions for the formation and evolution of PCAs.
Statistical Flowgraph Models
Authors: Huzurbazar Aparna V. , Warr Richard L.
Published: February 2018

Statistical flowgraph models (SFGMs) are useful for modeling time‐to‐event data that result from a stochastic process. Such data arise naturally in many fields including medicine and engineering. SFGMs are used to estimate and/or predict potential outcomes, waiting times for outcomes to occur, and various other quantities and probabilities associated with a stochastic process. A data analysis example using SFGMs is provided.
A
alen–
J
ohansen Estimator
Authors: Borgan Ørnulf
Published: February 2018

The Aalen–Johansen estimator is a matrix version of the Kaplan–Meier estimator, and it can be used to estimate the transition probability matrix of a Markov process with a finite number of states. The estimator is first presented for the competing risks model and the Markov illness‐death model for a chronic disease. For these simple Markov processes, the elements of the Aalen–Johansen estimator take an explicit form. Then, the estimator is described for a general finite state Markov process, modeling the life histories of individuals from a homogeneous population. It is shown how the Aalen–Johansen estimator may be obtained as the product integral of the matrix of Nelson–Aalen estimators for the cumulative transition intensities, and it is briefly indicated how the product‐integral formulation of the Aalen–Johansen estimator is useful for the study of its statistical properties. Finally, estimation of state occupation probabilities is discussed and extensions to regression models are mentioned.
Big Data Clustering
Authors: Khondoker Mizanur R.
Published: February 2018

Clustering algorithms group data items based on clearly defined similarity between the items aiming to minimize the intracluster differences and maximize the intercluster distances. A wealth of efficient and good quality clustering algorithms are already available for traditional data, but there are challenges for applying them to big data due to the overwhelming volume and complexities of such data. Data volume is getting bigger at an incredible pace due to growing access to Internet, social media, mobile devices, and technological innovations, and improving clustering algorithms, their computational cost and scalability have been the focus of much of the research in this area. This article provides an introduction to the characteristics of big data, and an overview of available algorithms and the current improvement trend of clustering algorithms for dealing with the challenges of big data.
Reduce Allocation Predictability by Replacing the Permuted Block Design with the Block Urn Design for Subject Randomization in Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhao Wenle
Published: February 2018

Proposed by Zhao and Weng in 2011, the block urn design shares all of the good properties of the most commonly used permuted block design, including the consistent treatment imbalance control, the applicability for trials with two or more arms and equal or unequal allocations, and the simplicity in implementation. Meanwhile, the block urn design offers a significantly lower allocation predictability by abandoning the restriction of perfect balance at the end of each block. In this article, the block urn design and the permuted block design are compared with regards to the conditional allocation probability, mechanism of the urn model, the allocation randomness, and the implementation method.
Sequential Elimination in Multi‐arm Multi‐stage Selection Trials
Authors: Yap Christina , Cheung Ying Kuen K.
Published: February 2018

The main objective of a phase II randomized multi‐arm selection trial is to identify the most promising treatment among multiple competing experimental regimens, when it truly exists. A multi‐arm multi‐stage (MAMS) design could be used to allow for preplanned adaptations based on the interim data. In particular, response‐adaptive randomization (AR) aims to steer patients away from the inferior treatments by updating the allocation probability throughout. Two AR approaches are the Bayesian AR and a frequentist alternative known as sequential elimination. The latter closes arms that are noticeably worse to the best arm at interim evaluations, and hence channel more patients to the more promising open treatment arms. A Bayesian futility monitoring rule based on comparison to the historical response rate of standard treatment could also be incorporated. The two AR approaches and Bayesian MAMS are compared against a single‐stage pick‐the‐winner selection design. There are clear advantages of using such adaptive selection designs compared to a single‐stage design, with the ethical attractiveness of allocating more patients to better performing arms. The improved performance is even more evident if there is a clear winner or if all arms are futile. It is particularly important to incorporate futility monitoring to improve the design's overall performance.
Training self‐assessment and task‐selection skills to foster self‐regulated learning: Do trained skills transfer across domains?
Authors: Raaijmakers Steven F. , Baars Martine , Paas Fred , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. , van Gog Tamara
Published: February 2018

Students' ability to accurately self‐assess their performance and select a suitable subsequent learning task in response is imperative for effective self‐regulated learning. Video modeling examples have proven effective for training self‐assessment and task‐selection skills, and—importantly—such training fostered self‐regulated learning outcomes. It is unclear, however, whether trained skills would transfer across domains. We investigated whether skills acquired from training with either a specific, algorithmic task‐selection rule or a more general heuristic task‐selection rule in biology would transfer to self‐regulated learning in math. A manipulation check performed after the training confirmed that both algorithmic and heuristic training improved task‐selection skills on the biology problems compared with the control condition. However, we found no evidence that students subsequently applied the acquired skills during self‐regulated learning in math. Future research should investigate how to support transfer of task‐selection skills across domains.
Recent Advances of Low Biological Toxicity Ag2S QDs for Biomedical Application
Authors: Lu Chenghao , Chen Guihuan , Yu Bing , Cong Hailin
Published: February 2018

In this review, the synthesis and biomedical application of Ag2S quantum dots(QDs) are comprehensively summarized with a particular focus on biological imaging and nanomedicine. For the first, the authors introduce the optical properties of Ag2S QDs, and then, the auhtors summarize a range of synthetic methods for Ag2S QDs. The subsequent section provides the applications of Ag2S QDs in optical imaging, photoacoustic imaging, sensing, optical tracking, and photothermal therapy. Finally, the authors provide insights into the overall situation, challenges, and future directions in this field.
Bioinspired Superdurable Pestle‐Loop Mechanical Interlocker with Tunable Peeling Force, Strong Shear Adhesion, and Low Noise
Authors: Jiao Junrong , Zhang Feilong , Jiao Tian , Gu Zhen , Wang Shutao
Published: February 2018

Velcro, the most typical hook‐loop interlocker, often suffers from undesirable deformation, breaking, and noise because of the structure of the hook. Inspired by the arrester system of dragonfly, a new mechanical interlocker with a nylon pestle instead of the traditional hook is developed. The pestle‐loop mechanical interlocker shows a tunable peeling force from 0.4 ± 0.14 to 6.5 ± 0.72 N and the shear adhesion force of pestle‐loop mechanical interlocker is about twice as much as that of velcro. The pestle tape can be separated and fastened with the loop tape up to 30 000 cycles while keeping the original adhesive force and the pestle structure. In comparison, only after 4000 cycles most hooks of the commercial velcro are deformed and even broken, completely losing their adhesive function and their hook structure. These experimental results are further supported by finite element simulitions—the base of pestle mainly bears the separation‐caused strain while the middle of hook does. Notably, the sound volume during the separation of pestle‐loop mechanical interlocker is merely 49 ± 7.4 dB, much lower than 70 ± 3.5 dB produced by the velcro.
Two de novo novel mutations in one SHANK3 allele in a patient with autism and moderate intellectual disability
Authors: Zhu Wenmiao , Li Jianli , Chen Stella , Zhang Jinglan , Vetrini Francesco , Braxton Alicia , Eng Christine M. , Yang Yaping , Xia Fan , Keller Kory L. , Okinaka‐Hu Leila , Lee Chung , Holder J. Lloyd , Bi Weimin
Published: February 2018

SHANK3 encodes for a scaffolding protein that links neurotransmitter receptors to the cytoskeleton and is enriched in postsynaptic densities of excitatory synapses. Deletions or mutations in one copy of the SHANK3 gene cause Phelan‐McDermid syndrome, also called 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder with common features including global developmental delay, absent to severely impaired language, autistic behavior, and minor dysmorphic features. By whole exome sequencing, we identified two de novo novel variants including one frameshift pathogenic variant and one missense variant of unknown significance in a 14‐year‐old boy with delayed motor milestones, delayed language acquisition, autism, intellectual disability, ataxia, progressively worsening spasticity of the lower extremities, dysmorphic features, short stature, microcephaly, failure to thrive, chronic constipation, intrauterine growth restriction, and bilateral inguinal hernias. Both changes are within the CpG island in exon 21, separated by a 375 bp sequence. Next generation sequencing of PCR products revealed that the two variants are most frequently associated with each other. Sanger sequencing of the cloned PCR products further confirmed that both changes were on a single allele. The clinical presentation in this individual is consistent with other patients with a truncating mutation in exon 21, suggesting that the missense change contributes none or minimally to the phenotypes. This is the first report of two de novo mutations in one SHANK3 allele.
ICD‐10 impact on ascertainment and accuracy of oral cleft cases as recorded by the Brazilian national live birth information system
Authors: do Nascimento Ricardo Lima , Castilla Eduardo E. , Dutra Maria da Graça , Orioli Iêda M.
Published: February 2018

We compared Brazilian oral cleft (OC) frequencies between the population‐based Brazilian System of Live Birth (SINASC) and the hospital‐based Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), trying to understand the paucity of cleft of lip and palate (CLP) in the first system. SINASC uses the International Classification of Disease version 10 (ICD‐10) for congenital defects coding, ECLAMC uses ICD‐8 with modifications. In SINASC, the CLP frequency was 1.7 per 10,000 (95% confidence limits 1.7–1.8), cleft lip (CL) 1.6 (1.5–1.7), and cleft palate (CP) 2.0 (1.9–2.1). In ECLAMC, the CLP frequency was 10.4 per 10,000 (9.0–12.1), CL 5.5 (4.5–6.7), and CP 4.4. (4.5–6.7). In SINASC, only 33% of the oral clefts were CLP, versus 51% in ECLAMC. Part of this discrepancy may have been due to the relative excess of CP and CL cases. Although congenital defect frequencies are usually lower in population than in hospital‐based registries, differences in the proportion of the main OC categories are not expected and are probably due to ICD‐10 coding issues, such as lumping of unilateral CL and CL without other specifications. ICD‐10 codes, whose deficiency for oral clefts is fully explained in the literature, lack modifiers for severity, or clinical subtypes. This paper shows the practical aspect of the ICD‐10 system deficiency in capturing cleft lip and palate (CLP) subtypes, as demonstrated in SINASC covering three million births per year. Such errors are expected to occur in any registry that uses the ICD‐10 coding system, and must be adjusted, given its relevance worldwide.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Imaging of Electrocatalysis at a Single Au‐Pt Janus Nanoparticle
Authors: Zhu Meng‐Jiao , Pan Jian‐Bin , Wu Zeng‐Qiang , Gao Xiao‐Yu , Zhao Wei , Xia Xing‐Hua , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan
Published: February 2018

Noble metal nanoparticles are promising catalysts in electrochemical reactions, while understanding the relationship between the structure and reactivity of the particles is important to achieve higher efficiency of electrocatalysis, and promote the development of single‐molecule electrochemistry. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) was employed to image the catalytic oxidation of luminophore at single Au, Pt, and Au‐Pt Janus nanoparticles. Compared to the monometal nanoparticles, the Janus particle structure exhibited enhanced ECL intensity and stability, indicating better catalytic efficiency. On the basis of the experimental results and digital simulation, it was concluded that a concentration difference arose at the asymmetric bimetallic interface according to different heterogeneous electron‐transfer rate constants at Au and Pt. The fluid slip around the Janus particle enhanced local redox reactions and protected the particle surface from passivation.
Programmable Self‐Assembly of Heterometallic Palladium(II)–Copper(II) 1D Grid‐Chain using Dinuclear Palladium(II) Corners with Pyrazole–Carboxylic Acid Ligands
Authors: Sun Wen‐Qing , Tong Jin , Lu Hong‐Lin , Ma Ting‐Ting , Ma Hong‐Wei , Yu Shu‐Yan
Published: February 2018

A novel heterometallic diPdII–diCuII grid‐chain, {[(bpy)4Pd4Cu2L4](NO3)4}n (2; bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine), was synthesized through a programmable self‐assembly approach from the molecular corners [(bpy)2Pd2(HL)(L)](NO3) (1) as linkers with CuII nitrate by using the bifunctional H2L ligand featuring primary (pyrazole) and secondary (benzoic acid) groups. Structural analysis revealed that 1D structure 2 consists of one [Cu2(O2CPh)4]n unit as a bridge and two [(bpy)2Pd2L2]n corners. Additionally, the catalytic effect of the heterometallic synergy on the Suzuki coupling reaction by using 2 was further explored.
Polarity‐Dependent Isomerization of an Unsymmetrical Overcrowded Ethylene Promoted by Zwitterionic Contribution in the Twisted Isomer
Authors: Hirao Yasukazu , Nagamachi Nobuhiro , Hosoi Katsuma , Kubo Takashi
Published: February 2018

The twisted form of bianthrone is known as a metastable state provided by a photo‐induced or thermal‐induced isomerization of the folded form, and thus prevents the isolation and the detailed analysis of its electronic structure. In this study, an unsymmetrical bianthrone (2), consisting of the electron‐withdrawing anthrone and electron‐donating acridane, have been synthesized and shown to exhibit a solvent‐polarity‐dependent isomerization reaction between the folded and twisted isomers. With increasing the polarity of the solvent, 2 showed an isomerization reaction from the folded form to the twisted form. The stabilization of the twisted isomer in polar solvents can be interpreted as proof of its relatively large zwitterionic character. The DMF solution of 2 displayed paramagnetically‐broadened NMR signals from the thermally populated triplet state resulting from rotation of the weakened ethylenic double bond of the twisted isomer.
Integrative Self‐Sorting: One‐Pot Synthesis of a Hetero[4]rotaxane from a Daisy‐Chain‐Containing Hetero[4]pseudorotaxane
Authors: Rao Si‐Jia , Zhang Qi , Ye Xu‐Hao , Gao Chuan , Qu Da‐Hui
Published: February 2018

The structural complexity of mechanically interlocked molecules are very attractive to chemists owing to the challenges they present. In this article, novel mechanically interlocked molecules with a daisy‐chain‐containing hetero[4]rotaxane motif were efficiently synthesized. In addition, a novel integrative self‐sorting strategy is demonstrated, involving an ABB‐type (A for host, dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8), and B for guest, ammonium salt sites) monomer and a macrocycle host, benzo‐21‐crown‐7 (B21C7), in which the assembled species in hydrogen‐bonding‐supported solvent only includes a novel daisy‐chain‐containing hetero[4]pseudorotaxane. The found self‐sorting process involves the integrative recognition between B21C7 macrocycles and carefully designed components simultaneously containing two types of secondary ammonium ions and a host molecule, DB24C8 crown ether. The self‐sorting strategy is integrative to undertake self‐recognition behavior to form one single species of pseudorotaxane compared with the previous report. This self‐sorting system can be used for the efficient one‐pot synthesis of a daisy‐chain‐containing hetero[4]rotaxane in a good yield. The structure of hetero[4]rotaxane was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution electrospray ionization (HR‐ESI) mass spectrometry.
Efficient Aliphatic C−H Bond Oxidation Catalyzed by Manganese Complexes with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wang Wenfang , Xu Daqian , Sun Qiangsheng , Sun Wei
Published: February 2018

A tetradentate nitrogen ligand containing a benzimidazole ring and an electron‐rich pyridine ring was developed, the resulting manganese complex exhibited good activity in the C−H oxidation of simple alkanes. In particular, cyclic aliphatic alkanes were transformed into ketones in very good yields (up to 89 %) by using environmentally benign H2O2 as the terminal oxidant. This protocol was also applied successfully in benzylic C−H oxidation, giving the corresponding ketones with very good selectivities. In addition, tertiary C−H bond oxidation of complex molecules by the manganese complex showed potential utility for assembling alcohols with good selectivity in late‐stage chemical synthesis.
Copper‐Catalyzed Heteroarylsilylation of Unactivated Olefins through Distal Heteroaryl Migration
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wu Xinxin , Zhao Qian , Zhu Chen
Published: February 2018

A copper‐catalyzed protocol for heteroarylsilylation of unactivated olefins is disclosed herein. The addition of a silyl radical to an alkene triggers a subsequent intramolecular heteroaryl migration. Heteroaryl groups such as benzothiazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, and pyridyl showcase their migratory aptitudes. A variety of heteroaryl‐substituted alkyl silanes are readily generated in synthetically useful yields.
Verankerung von Lärmschutzwänden auf Bauwerken der Deutschen Bahn und im Straßenbau
Authors: Bültemeier Bernd , Ulbrich Detlef , Ehard Heinrich , Bucak Ömer
Published: February 2018

Lärmschutzwandverankerungen auf Straßen‐ und Bahnbrücken werden seit Jahren nach Richtzeichnungen der BASt und der Deutschen Bahn mit reibgeschweißten EdelstahlBetonstahlankern ausgeführt. Für Anwendungen im Bereich der Deutschen Bahn unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen aus dem Eisenbahnverkehr haben sich die Randbedingungen für Planung, Bemessung und Anwendung seit Veröffentlichung des Moduls 5501 zur Richtlinie 804 im Jahr 2007 deutlich geändert. Seitdem werden nur noch Verankerungssysteme mit bauaufsichtlicher Zulassung eingesetzt. Die Befestigungsmuttern sind mit Vorspannung und unter Verwendung von NordLock‐Keilsicherungsscheibenpaaren gegen unbeabsichtigtes Lösen zu sichern. Querkräfte auf den Pfosten sind mit einer Schubknagge oder Querkraftbolzen, jedoch nicht über Reibung zwischen Ankerplatte und Mörtel‐ bzw. Betonoberfläche oder Lochleibungsdruck abzutragen. An Verankerungen im Straßenbrückenbau werden seitens der beteiligten Behörden deutlich geringere Anforderungen gestellt. Da der natürliche Wind wie auch bei der Bahn als nicht ermüdungsrelevant angesehen wird, erfolgt die Bemessung nur unter quasi‐statischen Lasten. Die Ableitung der Querkraft ist nicht eindeutig geregelt und die Verwendung nicht zugelassener Verankerungen üblich. Die maßgeblichen Regelwerke rechtfertigen, dass die Erkenntnisse und Veränderungen im Bereich der Bahn für die Anwendungen im Bereich der Straße geprüft und ggf. teilweise übernommen werden.
Model of sustainable behavior: Assessing cognitive, emotional and normative influence in the cruise context
Authors: Han Heesup , Olya Hossein G.T. , Kim Jinkyung (Jenny) , Kim Wansoo
Published: February 2018

There is a lack of published research on individuals' decision‐making for pro‐environmental behaviors while traveling on cruise ships. This study included the cognitive, affective and normative processes related to this, and considered their interrelations in the prediction model of passenger cruising intention in an environmentally responsible way. We estimated the proposed theoretical framework using structural equation analysis. The final model was generated by altering the proposed model. The findings indicated that our conceptual framework had a sufficient level of anticipatory power for green intention and that moral and subjective norms were the most influential determinants of intention. the important interrelationships among these cognitive, affective and normative factors were identified. Moreover, anticipated emotions and moral norms were significant mediators. The results of this study supported our theoretical framework comprising the intricate associations among study variables. The implications for tourism research and cruise practitioners are discussed.
β‐Ni(OH)2Nanosheet Arrays Grown on Biomass‐Derived Hollow Carbon Microtubes for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Qian , Lu Chunxiang , Xiao Dengji , Zhang Huifang , Chen Chengmeng , Xie Lijing , Liu Yaodong , Yuan Shuxia , Kong Qingqiang , Zheng Ke , Yin Junqing
Published: February 2018

The design and fabrication of biomass‐based energy storage devices is becoming a new trend to reduce the depletion of non‐renewable resources. Herein, β‐Ni(OH)2nanosheet arrays grown on willow catkins‐derived hollow carbon microtubes is prepared for the first time through a facile acid treatment and subsequent hydrothermal process. In the β‐Ni(OH)2@acid‐treated carbon microtube [β‐Ni(OH)2@ACMT] composite, β‐Ni(OH)2nanosheet arrays can be controllably grown on both internal and external surfaces of carbon microtubes, realizing effective utilization of the hollow tubular structure. In addition, carbon microtubes are not only employed as an effective support for the dispersion of β‐Ni(OH)2nanosheets, but also served as a long‐range conductive micro‐current collector for electron transfer. Furthermore, the hollow tubular structure accompanied by the capillary effect provides fast channels for ion diffusion. As a consequence of this unique hierarchical structure, the electrode based on the β‐Ni(OH)2@ACMT composite exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1568 F g−1at 1 A g−1, remarkable capacitance retention of 51.0 % even at 20 A g−1, and excellent cycling stability of 84.3 % retention after 3000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor, with β‐Ni(OH)2@ACMT composites as the positive electrode and porous carbon microtubes as the negative electrode, achieves a high energy density of 37.8 W h kg−1at 750 W kg−1, indicating its potential application in energy storage devices.
Immunolocalization of muscarinic M1 receptor in the rat medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Oda Satoko , Tsuneoka Yousuke , Yoshida Sachine , Adachi‐Akahane Satomi , Ito Masanori , Kuroda Masaru , Funato Hiromasa
Published: February 2018

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been considered to participate in many higher cognitive functions, such as memory formation and spatial navigation. These cognitive functions are modulated by cholinergic afferents via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Previous pharmacological studies have strongly suggested that the M1 receptor (M1R) is the most important subtype among muscarinic receptors to perform these cognitive functions. Actually, M1R is abundant in mPFC. However, the proportion of somata containing M1R among cortical cellular types, and the precise intracellular localization of M1R remain unclear. In this study, to clarify the precise immunolocalization of M1R in rat mPFC, we examined three major cellular types, pyramidal neurons, inhibitory neurons, and astrocytes. M1R immunopositivity signals were found in the majority of the somata of both pyramidal neurons and inhibitory neurons. In pyramidal neurons, strong M1R immunopositivity signals were usually found throughout their somata and dendrites including spines. On the other hand, the signal strength of M1R immunopositivity in the somata of inhibitory neurons significantly varied. Some neurons showed strong signals. Whereas about 40% of GAD67‐immunopositive neurons and 30% of parvalbumin‐immunopositive neurons (PV neurons) showed only weak signals. In PV neurons, M1R immunopositivity signals were preferentially distributed in somata. Furthermore, we found that many astrocytes showed substantial M1R immunopositivity signals. These signals were also mainly distributed in their somata. Thus, the distribution pattern of M1R markedly differs between cellular types. This difference might underlie the cholinergic modulation of higher cognitive functions subserved by mPFC.
Adult‐specific insulin‐producing neurons in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ohhara Yuya , Kobayashi Satoru , Yamakawa‐Kobayashi Kimiko , Yamanaka Naoki
Published: February 2018

Holometabolous insects undergo metamorphosis to reorganize their behavioral and morphological features into adult‐specific ones. In the central nervous system (CNS), some larval neurons undergo programmed cell death, whereas others go through remodeling of axonal and dendritic arbors to support functions of re‐established adult organs. Although there are multiple neuropeptides that have stage‐specific roles in holometabolous insects, the reorganization pattern of the entire neuropeptidergic system through metamorphosis still remains largely unclear. In this study, we conducted a mapping and lineage tracing of peptidergic neurons in the larval and adult CNS by using Drosophila genetic tools. We found that Diuretic hormone 44‐producing median neurosecretory cells start expressing Insulin‐like peptide 2 in the pharate adult stage. This neuronal cluster projects to the corpora cardiaca and dorsal vessel in both larval and adult stages, and also innervates an adult‐specific structure in the digestive tract, the crop. We propose that the adult‐specific insulin‐producing cells may regulate functions of the digestive system in a stage‐specific manner. Our study provides a neuroanatomical basis for understanding remodeling of the neuropeptidergic system during insect development and evolution.
Activation of Dinitrogen with a Superalkali Species, Li3F2
Authors: Park Heejune , Meloni Giovanni
Published: February 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Professor Giovanni Meloni at the University of San Francisco, USA. The image shows how an increasing number of superalkali species (Li3F2) interacts with molecular nitrogen weakening the bond up to complete dissociation. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201701232.
Accelerated Cocrystallization of Cytosine and Succinic Acid Through Compaction+Grinding
Authors: Li Xiaorui , Qi Min , Yu Qiushuo , Ma Xiaoxun
Published: February 2018

The solid‐state co‐grinding has been used as an effective method to prepare cocrystals. However, in some cases, this method could be time‐consuming, especially for milling by hands. In this work, the operation of co‐grinding is treated as two steps: the compaction of raw material mixture and relative motion and collision between solid particles. A simple pretreatment via compaction of raw material mixture prior to neat grinding is proven to accelerate cytosine‐succinic acid cocrystallization. All grinding operations are conducted by only one researcher in order to avoid the variation from different individuals.
Highly Dispersed Metal Carbide on ZIF‐Derived Pyridinic‐N‐Doped Carbon for CO2 Enrichment and Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Li Yunhua , Cai Xiaohu , Chen Sijing , Zhang Hua , Zhang Kevin H. L. , Hong Jinqing , Chen Binghui , Kuo Dong‐Hau , Wang Wenju
Published: February 2018

Catalytic conversion of CO2 into chemicals is a critical issue for energy and environmental research. Among such reactions, converting CO2 into CO has been regarded as a significant foundation to generate a liquid fuels and chemicals on a large scale. In this work, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐derived N‐doped carbon‐supported metal carbide catalysts (M/ZIF‐8‐C; M=Ni, Fe, Co and Cu) with highly dispersed metal carbide were prepared for selective CO2 hydrogenation. Under the same metal loadings, catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation to CO follows the order: Ni/ZIF‐8‐C≈Fe/ZIF‐8‐C>Co/ZIF‐8‐C>Cu/ZIF‐8‐C. These catalysts are composed of carbide or metal supported on pyridinic N sites within the N‐doped carbon structure. ZIF‐8‐derived pyridinic nitrogen and carbide effect CO2 adsorption, whereas dispersed Ni or Fe carbide and metal species serve as an active site for CO2 hydrogenation. The supported Ni catalyst exhibits extraordinary catalytic performance, which results from high dispersion of the metal and exposure of the carbide. Based on high‐sensitivity low‐energy ion scattering (HS‐LEIS) and line scan results, density functional theory (DFT) was used to understand reaction mechanism of selective CO2 hydrogenation over Ni/ZIF‐8‐C. The product CO is derived mainly from the direct cleavage of C−O bonds in CO2* rather than decomposition of COOH*. The CO* desorption energy on Ni/ZIF‐8‐C is lower than that for further hydrogenation and dissociation. Comparison of Ni/ZIF‐8‐C with ZIF‐8‐C indicates that the combined effects of the highly dispersed metal or carbide and weak CO adsorption result in high CO selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation.
On the measurement of thin‐ideal internalization: Implications for interpretation of risk factors and treatment outcome in eating disorders research
Authors: Thompson J. Kevin , Schaefer Lauren M. , Dedrick Robert F.
Published: February 2018

Objective

Although the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) and Ideal Body Stereotype Scale (IBSS) are used interchangeably to assess thin ideal internalization, limited work has examined the assumption that the two measures index the same construct.

Method

The current study utilized confirmatory factor analysis to examine whether these measures capture a single construct (one‐factor), two constructs (two‐factor), or both shared and unique constructs (bifactor). The SATAQ‐4R‐Internalization: Thin/Low Body Fat subscale and IBSS‐Revised were administered to 1,114 college females.

Results

A bifactor model provided the best fit to the data. Further, the SATAQ‐4R was more strongly related to disordered eating and body satisfaction than the IBSS‐R.

Discussion

Results indicate that the two most commonly used measures of internalization capture both shared and unique constructs. While both measures appear to contribute to the assessment of a global internalization factor, the SATAQ‐4R may be better suited to assess personal acceptance of and desire to achieve a thin body, while the IBSS‐R may be better suited to assess an awareness or acknowledgement of broader sociocultural ideals (e.g., toned, shapely bodies). Continued psychometric investigation of the scales is recommended in order to ensure targeted assessment of the intended constructs.
Iron(III) Complexes of Vitamin B6 Schiff Base with Boron‐Dipyrromethene Pendants for Lysosome‐Selective Photocytotoxicity
Authors: Sahoo Somarupa , Podder Santosh , Garai Aditya , Majumdar Shamik , Mukherjee Nandini , Basu Uttara , Nandi Dipankar , Chakravarty Akhil R.
Published: February 2018

Iron(III) complexes of a vitamin B6 Schiff base and NNN‐donor ligands with pendant boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moieties; namely, [Fe(L1–3)(L4,5)](NO3) (1–4), where L1 is benzyl‐bis[(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]methanamine (bzdpa in 1), L2 is a noniodinated BODIPY‐appended dipicolylamine ligand (in 2, 3), L3 is the diiodinated BODIPY analogue in 4, L4 is a vitamin B6 Schiff base, namely 3‐hydroxy‐5(hydroxymethyl)‐4‐{[(2‐hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}‐2‐methylpyridine (in 1, 3, and 4), and L5 is 2‐[(2‐hydroxyphenylimino)‐methyl]phenol (in 2) as a nonpyridoxal Schiff base, were prepared, characterized, and their cellular localization and cytotoxic activity in light and in the dark were studied. The diiodo–BODIPY complex 4 displays remarkable photoinduced cytotoxicity in visible light (400–700 nm), with IC50 values within 0.11–0.25 µm and about 200‐fold lower dark toxicity. Complex 3, being fluorescent, was used for cellular imaging by confocal microscopy. Complex 4 shows supercoiled pUC19 DNA cleavage activity through the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) as the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Selective uptake of the complexes is observed from competitive cellular incorporation assays in cancer and noncancer cells. The complexes also show no apparent toxicity up to 100 µm in the immortal human lung epithelial cells HPL1D in both light and the dark. Complex 3 shows preferential accumulation in lysosomes, giving a Pearson's correlation coefficient value of about 0.7.
Insight into Solvent Coordination of an Iron Porphyrin Hydroxylamine Complex from Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations
Authors: Rahman Md. Hafizur , Ryan Michael D.
Published: February 2018

The reduction of Fe(OEP)(NO) in the presence of substituted phenols leads to a three‐electron reduction to form Fe(OEP)(NH2OH), which has been characterized by visible spectroscopy and electron stoichiometry. In this work, we have further characterized this species using infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy, along with DFT calculations. The infrared bands in the 3400–3600 cm–1 region, due to hydroxylamine, were significantly downshifted to the 2500–2700 cm–1 region when 4‐[D1]chlorophenol replaced the normal abundance acid. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy, the hydroxylamine and the meso‐protons were identified. From DFT calculations, the 1H NMR spectra were most consistent with a six‐coordinate complex, Fe(OEP)(NH2OH)(THF).
A novel process for dehydration of antibiotics fermentation residues
Authors: Zhou Chang , Liu Xiaolin , Li Wangliang , Qi Jingxian , Liu Qingfen , Liu Huizhou
Published: February 2018

Wet antibiotics fermentation residues (AFRs) are rich in water and organic matters. AFRs can cause environmental pollution via secondary fermentation, which also makes them inconvenient to be stored, transported and disposed. A novel dehydration process of wet AFRs was developed by applying inorganic salts as dehydration agent (DA), in which colloidal water in wet AFRs was transferred into the hydrate of DA and formed solid AFRs–DA mixture at room temperature. When Na2SO4 was used as the optimal DA, differential thermal gravity (DTG) analysis demonstrated that the temperature of complete dewatering of AFRs–DA mixture decreased from 162.7 to 98.5°C compared with wet AFRs, and the dewatering energy consumption decreased by 26.58%. The suitable mass ratio of Na2SO4 and AFRs was in the range of 1.2–2.0. During the process of incineration at 750°C, the organic matters in the AFRs–DA mixture were completely converted into small molecules, for example, H2O and CO2, and the harmless disposal of AFRs was realized. Meanwhile, DA changed from hydrate to anhydrous form, from which DA can be recycled. The dewatering reaction time decreased by 61.8% with the recycled Na2SO4 at least five recycles. This study provides a promising energy saving approach for wet AFRs disposal. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1901–1907, 2018
Conditional effects of tides and waves on short‐term marsh sedimentation dynamics
Authors: Ma Zhigang , Ysebaert Tom , van der Wal Daphne , Herman Peter M.J.
Published: February 2018

Salt marshes are in danger of degradation due to human impact and climate change. A thorough understanding of mechanisms controlling sedimentation and erosion in salt marshes is essential for their conservation and restoration. To understand short‐term dynamics of sediment availability and deposition around marsh edges, two contrasting marshes, Rattekaai and Sint Annaland, were studied in the Oosterschelde (southwest Netherlands). Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was measured by siphon samplers along four transects perpendicular to the marsh edge in each marsh, during nine flood tides between March and December 2013. Each transect was comprised of four sampling sites (−10 m and −1 m on the mudflat and +1 m and +10 m on the marsh plateau, relative to the marsh edge). Sediment deposition was measured along the transects on the marsh, at +1 m and +10 m from the marsh edge, over seven c. 14‐day intervals during the same 10‐month period. Two types of sediment traps were used, one measuring gross sediment deposition (TTD – tube trap deposition) and one measuring net sediment deposition (FTD – filter trap deposition). Wave loggers were deployed 10 m away from the marsh edge on the mudflat at each marsh. The results showed that both SSC and sediment deposition varied greatly through space, both between the two marshes and within each marsh along the marsh edge. The SSC and gross sediment deposition were much higher at Rattekaai than at Sint Annaland. SSC was significantly correlated with wind speed during sampling. Sediment deposition rates (TTD and FTD) and retention ratio (FTD/TTD) were significantly correlated with cumulative wave energy during the measurement period. A conceptual model of local sediment dynamics is proposed to explain the sediment dynamics around the marsh edge. This study highlights the importance of incorporating local sediment dynamics when evaluating marsh vulnerability and stability. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New evidence on the robust identification of news shocks: Role of revisions in utilization‐adjusted TFP series and term structure data
Authors: Chen Zhang , Wagan Zulfiqar Ali , Seelro Hakimzadi
Published: February 2018

Data revisions and selections of appropriate forwarding‐looking variables have a major impact on true identification of news shocks and quality of research findings derived from structural vector autoregression (SVAR) estimation. This paper revisits news shocks to identify the role of different vintages of total factor productivity (TFP) series and term structure of interest rates as major prognosticators of future economic growth. There is a growing strand of literature regarding the use of utilization‐adjusted TFP series, provided by Fernald (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Working Paper Series, 2014) for identification of news shocks. We reestimate Barsky and Sims' (Journal of Monetary Economics, 2011, 58, 273–289) empirical analysis by employing 2007 and 2015 vintages of TFP data. We find substantial quantitative as well as qualitative differences among impulse response functions when using 2007 and 2015 vintages of TFP data. Output and hours initially decline, followed by quick reversal of both variables. In sharp contrast to results achieved by the 2007 vintage of TFP data, results achieved by the 2015 vintage of TFP data depict that output and hours will increase in response to positive TFP shock. By including term structure data in our VAR specification, total surprise technology shock and news shock account for 97% and 92% of the forecast error variance in total TFP and total output respectively. We find that revisions in TFP series over time ultimately impact the conclusion regarding news shocks on business cycles. Our results support the notion that term structure data help in better identification of news shock as compared to other forward‐looking variables.