bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unions Opposing Labor Precarity in Chile: Union Leaders’ Perceptions and Representations of Collective Action
Authors: Julián Dasten
Published: October 2017

The systematic deregulation of labor relations was a cornerstone of the imposition of the neoliberal model in Chile. This process had a significant impact on both the strategies and the structure of unionism. A study of the perceptions and representations of precarious work of union leaders contributes to a discussion of the relationship between precarity and repertoires of collective action in workers’ pursuit of regulation, institutionalization, social improvement, and well-being in employment relations.

La desregulación sistemática de las relaciones laborales fue la piedra angular de la imposición del modelo neoliberal en Chile. Este proceso tuvo un impacto significativo tanto en las estrategias como en la estructura del sindicalismo. En este trabajo se presentará un estudio de las percepciones y representaciones del trabajo precario de los dirigentes sindicales. Los resultados contribuyen a una discusión de la relación entre la precariedad y los repertorios de acción colectiva en la búsqueda de la regulación, la institucionalización, la mejora social y el bienestar de los trabajadores en las relaciones laborales.
Why doctors consider leaving UK medicine: qualitative analysis of comments from questionnaire surveys three years after graduation
Authors: Lambert Trevor W , Smith Fay , Goldacre Michael J
Published: October 2017

Objective

To report the reasons why doctors are considering leaving medicine or the UK.

Design

Questionnaire survey.

Setting

UK.

Participants

Questionnaires were sent three years after graduation to all UK medical graduates of 2008 and 2012.

Main outcome measures

Comments from doctors about their main reasons for considering leaving medicine or the UK (or both).

Results

The response rate was 46.2% (5291/11,461). Among the 60% of respondents who were not definitely intent on remaining in UK medicine, 50% were considering working in medicine outside the UK and 10% were considering leaving medicine. Among those considering working in medicine outside the UK, the most commonly cited reasons were to gain wider experience, that things would be ‘better’ elsewhere and a negative view of the National Health Service and its culture, state and politics. Other reasons included better training or job opportunities, better pay and conditions, family reasons and higher expectations. Three years after graduation, doctors surveyed in 2015 were significantly more likely than doctors surveyed in 2011 to cite factors related to the National Health Service, to pay and conditions, to their expectations and to effects on work–life balance and patient care. Among those considering leaving medicine, the dominant reason for leaving medicine was a negative view of the National Health Service (mentioned by half of those in this group who commented). Three years after graduation, doctors surveyed in 2015 were more likely than doctors surveyed in 2011 to cite this reason, as well as excessive hours and workload, and financial reasons.

Conclusions

An increasingly negative view is held by many doctors of many aspects of the experience of being a junior doctor in the National Health Service, and the difficulty of delivering high-quality patient care within what many see as an under-funded system. Policy changes designed to encourage more doctors to remain should be motivated by a desire to address these concerns by introducing real improvements to resources, staffing and working conditions.
Mechatronic system for measuring hot-forged automotive parts based on image analysis
Authors: Lins Romulo G
Published: October 2017

In-process measurement of parts is a field of constant research. Conventionally, industries have used traditional measuring instruments, such as vernier calipers, or even coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), to perform the control quality. In this paper, a system that is both based on machine vision techniques and integrated with a mechatronic system has been developed with the goal of automating the in-process inspection of hot-forged parts. This system uses six cameras, which are installed around the part to be measured. First, the images obtained from the cameras are processed, and thus the part’s dimensions are estimated. Then a statistical analysis is deployed in order to decide if the part may be approved or not. The experimental results validate the application of the proposed method for measuring parts during their processing in real shop floor conditions.
Human Rights and New Horizons? Thoughts toward a New Juridical Ontology
Authors: Grear Anna
Published: October 2017

The much-lamented anthropocentrism of human rights is misleading. Human rights anthropocentrism is radically attenuated and reflects persistent patterns of intra- and interspecies injustice and binary subject–object relations inapt for twenty-first-century crises and posthuman complexities. This article explores the possibility of reimagining the “human” of human rights in the light of anti- and post-Cartesian analyses drawing—in particular—upon Merleau-Ponty and on new materialism. This article also seeks to reimagine human rights themselves as responsibilized, injustice-sensitive claim concepts emerging in the “midst of” lively materialities and the uneven global dynamics of twenty-first-century predicaments.
Netflix, Amazon, and branded television content in subscription video on-demand portals
Authors: Wayne Michael L
Published: October 2017

Branding has been described as the defining industrial practice of television’s recent past. This article examines publicly available industry documents, trade press coverage, and executive interviews to understand the place of traditional television network branding in subscription video on-demand (SVOD) portals as represented by Amazon and Netflix. Focusing on materials relating to licensed rather than original content and this content’s role within the US domestic SVOD market, two distinct approaches emerge. For Amazon, the brand identities of some television networks act as valuable lures drawing customers into its Prime membership program. For Netflix, linear television networks are competitors whose brand identities reduce Netflix’s own brand equity. Ultimately, Amazon’s efforts to build a streaming service alongside network brand identities and Netflix’s efforts to build its own brand at the expense of such identities demonstrate the need to think about contemporary television branding as an ongoing negotiation between established and emerging practices.
Introduction: Rural as space and sociality
Authors: Chio Jenny
Published: October 2017

The collection of essays in “The Village Global: Emergent Anthropologies of Rural Sociality” explores contemporary ethnographic articulations of the rural and the urban, understood as a continuum irreducible to the polarity of one or the other term. Considered together, this special issue offers a theoretical intervention in taking the rural seriously as more than just what is “left behind” by modernity. Collectively, our anthropological concern is not only with the (perceived, lived, or imagined) contrasts between what is characterized as “rural” in opposition to “urban” but with the constitution of the categories themselves as experienced realities.
Explaining productivity in a poor productivity region
Authors: Webber Don J , Webber Gail A , Berger Sebastian , Bradley Peter
Published: October 2017

Productivity is the preferred measure of firm-level efficiency and perceived to reflect resource use rates. Semi-structured interviews with restaurant managers in a tourism-dominated low productivity rural area reveal that they are motivated to supply products that they believe in and to sustain a quality of life that meets their needs rather than striving to achieve higher productivity. Pricing strategies, managerial objectives and local market characteristics are found to radically influence the area’s productivity value. An area’s productivity value might not be an indicator of resource use rates or productive efficiency, and could instead reflect resident managers’ motivations towards money and the presence of opportunities to achieve scale economies.
Analytical sociology and its ‘syntax’ for explanation
Authors: León-Medina Francisco J.
Published: October 2017

Analytical sociology is a set of rules for the construction of causal explanations in the social sciences. In this article, I critically assess the value and evolution of this ‘syntax’ for explanation and the concept of social mechanisms on which it relies. I also offer a proposal on how to reform and expand the ideal-typical analytical research path. In short, my proposal is characterized by (a) a generative conception of explanation; (b) a conception of social mechanisms as causal chains of micro-level (that is, individual) events; (c) a denial of downward and upward causation; and (d) a focus on testing the generative sufficiency and describing the generative processes of empirically calibrated agent-based models.
Unpacking the Black Box of Family Business Advising: Insights From Psychology
Authors: Strike Vanessa M. , Michel Alexandra , Kammerlander Nadine
Published: October 2017

Academic research on family business advising is gaining momentum; however, the internal structure and mechanisms of advice giving and taking remain a black box. We conducted a systematic review that integrates findings from family business advising with those from psychology. Advising research in psychology has focused on understanding the subjective constructs and theoretical concepts composing the internal structures of advising. We develop an input–process–output framework to categorize and integrate both streams of literature on advising, introduce new concepts and variables from psychology that inform family firm advising, and identify important gaps to delineate avenues for future family firm research.
The influence of interfacial bonding on the response of lightweight aluminium and glass fibre metal laminate panels subjected to air-blast loading
Authors: Langdon Genevieve S , von Klemperer CJ , Volschenk GF , van Tonder T , Govender RA
Published: October 2017

This paper examines the effects of glass fibre configuration and epoxy resin type on the response of glass fibre epoxy-based fibre metal laminate panels. These lightweight materials are excellent candidates for use in transportation applications, where mass is a major factor in design and materials selection. Interfacial bond strength was characterised through single leg bend testing and revealed varying failure characteristics for different epoxy configurations and surface treatments. A combination of bead blasting and silane treatment provided the best surface treatment for the aluminium, while SE84 epoxy resin gave superior adhesion properties compared to Prime 20ULV. Blast tests were performed to investigate the effect of bond strength on panel response under localised and more uniformly distributed air-blast loading conditions. Dimensionless analysis and failure mode identification were used to show that both fibre configuration and bond strength played a role in blast response but the bond strength (and particularly resin type) was more prominent.
Improvement of the visual warning system for various driving and road conditions in road transportation
Authors: Tonguç Güray , Akçay İsmail Hakkı , Gürbüz Habib
Published: October 2017

This study aims to identify the potential adverse driving conditions which result from driver behavior, road surfaces and weather conditions for vehicles during a cruise, and to inform the drivers of the other vehicles moving on the same route. Adverse driving condition scenarios were developed via acceleration data in lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions gathered by using an accelerometer sensor placed at the gravity center of the test vehicles. The drivers were warned through the symbols designed according to the developed scenarios in different shapes and colors, displayed on an information screen showing the position of the vehicle. Three different software programs were used for gathering and evaluating the accelerometer data, storing scenario-specific symbols on the internet and transferring these symbols to the other vehicle information displays. The road tests were performed in conditions present in Turkey. It was observed that the vehicle drivers were alerted with the warning symbols which were designed for dangerous road and driving conditions with a latency of approximately 6s on Google maps which appeared on the driver information screen.
Experimental analysis of the V-Charge variable drive supercharger system on a 1.0 L GTDI engine
Authors: Hu Bo , Akehurst Sam , Lewis Andrew GJ , Lu Pengfei , Millwood Darren , Copeland Colin , Chappell Edward , De Freitas Andrew , Shawe James , Burtt Dave
Published: October 2017

A compound charging system that pairs a turbocharger with a supercharger seems to be a potential trend for future passenger car gasoline engines, as the strength of both could be enhanced and the deficiencies of each could be offset. The use of a fixed-ratio positive-displacement supercharger system on a downsized turbocharged gasoline engine has already appeared on the market. Although such systems can achieve enhanced low-end torque and improved transient response, several challenges still exist.

An alternative solution to the fixed-ratio positive-displacement supercharger is the V-Charge variable ratio centrifugal supercharger. This technology utilizes a Torotrak continuously variable transmission (CVT) coupled to a centrifugal compressor for near silent boosting. With a wide ratio spread of 10:1 and rapid rate of ratio change, the compressor speed can be set independently of the engine speed to provide an exact boost pressure for the required operating points, without the need to recirculate the air through a bypass valve. A clutch and an active bypass valve can also be eliminated, due to the CVT capability to down-speed, thus improving the noise vibration and harshness performance. This paper will, for the first time, present and discuss the V-Charge technology optimization and experimental validation on a 1.0 L GTDI engine to achieve a better brake specific fuel consumption and transient response over the turbo-only and the fixed-ratio positive-displacement supercharger solution. The potential for the V-Charge system to increase the low-end torque and enable a down-speeding strategy is also discussed.
To study the effect of stress magnitude and tool geometry on the calibration coefficients: Ring core technique
Authors: Giri Anoj , Pandey Chandan , Mahapatra Manas M
Published: October 2017

Ring core technique is widely used to measure the subsurface residual stresses in components. In the analytical evaluation of residual stresses by ring core technique, the calibration coefficients play the vital role for the correct estimation of residuals stresses. Calibration coefficients needed to evaluate the residual stresses by dry ring core technique have been determined with respect to varying ring core tool dimensions. The effect of the biaxial stress combinations and trepan tool diameters on the calibration coefficients was investigated. The trepanning effect of dry ring core process was also investigated through 3D finite element models. The finite element analysis was done to prepare a database of strains for the different stress combinations with respect to the depth of cut. After that the regression equations were developed to directly calculate the calibration coefficients for the material SS 304L. Furthermore, this finite element data was also used to develop the mathematical relations to calculate the residual stresses from the strain readings obtained in dry ring core process. Error estimation of residual stress calculation was also done for both analytical and regression models. The database of relations between residual stress and strains developed in the present study with respect to a given dimension of ring core tool was found to be adequate in estimating the residual stresses directly from the strain reading during dry ring coring.
ADHD, expression, and the incorporeal materialism of movement
Authors: Levin Kasper
Published: October 2017

With point of departure in a phenomenological analysis of the body as it is described and conceptualized in the diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, this paper argues that the diagnosed behavior associated with bodily movement exposes an often-neglected expressive aspect of the body. Beyond the pre-reflective dimension of the experiential body, it is argued that the expressive dimension of the body is associated with movement as a utopian or an incorporeal aspect immanent to the body. In this perspective, the phenomenological notion of the body is critically connected to a fundamental question of the materiality of sensation, which calls for a rethinking of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-diagnosed body that gives privilege to the aesthetic and expressive aspects of sensation.
Variations in precipitation in North America during the past 2000 years
Authors: Ladd M , Viau AE , Way RG , Gajewski K , Sawada MC
Published: October 2017

We present a 2000-year pollen-based reconstruction of total annual precipitation (ANNP) for North America. Application of Local Indices of Spatial Association (LISA) permitted us to distinguish regional large-scale hydroclimate patterns from local site-specific conditions across North America during this time period. Century-scale filtered pollen-based reconstructions are more spatially coherent than unfiltered reconstructions, allowing for better identification of past hydroclimate patterns across North America. Similar spatial patterns dominated during both the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (MWP; 950–1250 CE) and Roman Warm Period (RWP; 50 BCE–150 CE), although the MWP was generally drier than the RWP. In contrast, hydroclimate changes during Dark Ages Cold Period (DAC; 350–650 CE) and the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA; 1550–1850 CE) show opposing patterns across the western and eastern boreal region of North America. During warm periods, eastern and western boreal regions had similar moisture condition, whereas during cold periods, the eastern boreal region was relatively wet and the west was dry.
Quantum mechanically calculated NIR spectra of fatty acids
Authors: Grabska Justyna
Published: October 2017

The advances in theory as well as steady development of the computing power have made quantum mechanical simulation of NIR spectra feasible. Recently, we have demonstrated the ability to accurately reproduce in theory the NIR spectra of several complex biomolecules, including fatty acids. In the present technical article, some of these achievements are overviewed. Examples of theoretical modelling of NIR spectra of short- (aliphatic chain up to four carbon atoms) and medium-chain (aliphatic chain counting six carbon atoms) fatty acids are presented and discussed. The calculated data are used directly for explaining the experimental NIR spectra of these systems. Spectral features distinctive to saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acids are essential in various types of samples typically treated by NIR spectroscopy; i.e. food, tissue, biomaterial, etc. Therefore, the theoretical study offers considerable support for basic and applied NIRS. An example of possible practical application of the results of theoretical study for biochemical studies is provided. The topic discussed here has been presented during the 18th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy (ICNIRS-2017) in Copenhagen, June 2017.
Multiply adjusted comparisons: A meta-analysis method to compare single-arm clinical-trial data to literature results regarding a competitor
Authors: Boethig Dietmar , Hecker Hartmut
Published: October 2017

Prospective randomized controlled trials are difficult to obtain if a promising new therapy has to be tested against seemingly obsolete alternatives. One method to address this problem is to compare the results of (multicentre) trials to literature results. However, previous treatment-era changes and population-dependent results complicate objective comparisons. The presented approach describes a method to objectify such comparisons in cases in which individual raw data regarding a new therapy have to be compared to summary results regarding a conventional alternative published in the literature. The chosen example is the introduction of bovine neck veins as a substitute for dysfunctional human pulmonary valves, and the conventional therapeutic alternative is pulmonary-artery homografts. Literature research, subgroup identification, filtering, endpoint remodelling, weighting and, if necessary, confidence-limit calculation yield adjusted comparisons. These individual comparisons are then aggregated, first by article and then over several articles (similar to meta-analyses), resulting in a differentiated panel of answers (Multiply Adjusted Comparisons). In situations in which extensive raw data regarding a new therapeutic alternative but no randomized controlled trials and no raw data from previous studies using the conventional therapeutic alternative are available, the proposed method identifies the best evidence and is by far superior to unadjusted direct comparisons or gut feelings.
The role of territoriality in the European Union multi-level governmental cooperation framework of Finnish–Russian cross-border cooperation
Authors: Koch Katharina
Published: October 2017

The economic sanctions in the wake of the Ukrainian crisis threatened external cross-border cooperation (CBC) funded by the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) in the summer of 2014. The European Union considered several of the ENI CBC programmes that Finland and Russia participate in for the sanctions list. These programmes are implemented by a multiplicity of actors that include supra-national, national and regional authorities and form a dense actor-network with vertical and horizontal relations. The political relations between the actors are influenced by geopolitical discourses, bordering effects and power imbalances that are conceptualised in this paper as practices of territoriality. Previous research has insufficiently addressed the territoriality of actor relations within the multi-level governance (MLG) structures of CBC. Territoriality is present in MLG in the sense that CBC actors from various political levels significantly contribute to the territorial logic of political power by promoting their own interests towards cooperation practices. The research problem in this paper stems from the alleged non-hierarchical organisation of actors in CBC and argues that MLG policy structures do not render equality among the different actors and that they fail to consider the impact of territoriality. The paper investigates how territoriality influences the actor relations in the MLG structure of ENI CBC and how the actors cope with the frictions that emerge out of territoriality. Qualitative interviews reveal a conflicting system of governance in Finnish–Russian ENI CBC that fluctuates between state centrality and region-based initiatives to address frictions of various territorialit(ies) produced by actors.
The case for a national whole-of-government anti-corruption body
Authors: Hobbs Harry , Williams George
Published: October 2017

Australia’s anti-corruption system needs reform. The diffusion of responsibilities across multiple agencies risks under-reporting of corrupt conduct, while gaps in the regime mean that the system fails to hold people accountable. As a result, community and public confidence in Australia’s institutions is eroded. The solution is a national whole-of-government anti-corruption body encompassing the public sector with the power to apply a uniform standard of corrupt conduct.
The common law crisis of perception and the Wik people’s tender for Cape York mining
Authors: Boulot Peter
Published: October 2017

This article presents for discussion a case study of the Wik Waya people’s as yet unsuccessful attempt to secure the lease for the mining of bauxite on their country at Aurukun in Far North Queensland. The author proposes that the reason for the refusal of the Queensland government to grant mining lease RA315 to the Wik consortium is found in the present crisis of perception that engulfs legal history and the very common law itself. The author challenges the reader to embrace the results of recent scientific revelations and to extrapolate those discoveries to the legal discourse, and therein to reimagine solutions that invite greatness into the discourse.
Asia-Pacific: Duterte’s drug war: Violating rights for a quick fix
Authors: Boehringer Gill
Published: October 2017

Strongman President Duterte of the Philippines was elected on populist campaign promises that included modernisation and a war on drugs. Thousands of drug suspects have been killed without legal process in a campaign of illegal police or vigilante human rights violations that look like state terror. It is a short-term attempt to deal with symptoms, not the causes, of illegal drug usage – such as poverty, inequality and exclusive growth.
What is the clinical significance of chronic emptiness in borderline personality disorder?
Authors: Elsner Daniel , Broadbear Jillian H , Rao Sathya
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The objective of this study was to review the clinical significance of the experience of chronic emptiness in borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Methods:

A systematic search of the literature was conducted using MEDLINE and PubMed, employing search terms including ‘emptiness’, ‘personality disorder’ and ‘borderline personality disorder’. The most relevant English-language articles and books were selected for this review.

Results:

Published literature and clinical experience suggest that chronic emptiness represents a substantial component of the symptom burden experienced by people with BPD, contributes to functional impairment and may distinguish BPD from other disorders such as major depressive disorder.

Conclusions:

Further research will elucidate the significance of chronic emptiness with regard to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of BPD.
Entomophthoromycosis and mucormycosis as causes of pneumonia in Vietnamese potbellied pigs
Authors: Evans Dawn E. , Kawabata Atsushi , Wilson Leslie D. , Kim Kenneth , Dehghanpir Shannon D. , Gaunt Steve D. , Welborn Matt , Grasperge Britton , Gill Marjorie S.
Published: October 2017

Two Vietnamese potbellied pigs ( Sus scrofa) had respiratory disease and, on autopsy, both pigs had large masses in the lungs and thoracic cavity. Microscopically, pulmonary and pleural masses contained large areas with hyphae surrounded by hypereosinophilic cellular debris rimmed by abundant eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes with occasional multinucleate giant cells. The hypereosinophilic debris usually formed tight cuffs, or “sleeves” around the hyphae, compatible with Splendore-Hoeppli–like material. The fungal organisms were determined by PCR to be Conidiobolus incongruus in one pig and Mucor circinelloides in the other. Entomophthoromycosis and mucormycosis should be included in the differential diagnoses for swine pneumonia, particularly when there is evidence of granulomatous pulmonary masses and pleural effusion with eosinophilic inflammation.
Status, identity, and ability in the formation of trust
Authors: Robbins Blaine G.
Published: October 2017

The sources of trust—or actor A’s belief about actor B’s trustworthiness with respect to particular matter Y—are myriad, ranging from the biological to the political. Despite the great amount of research that has investigated decision making as a function of another’s ascribed and achieved characteristics, we still know little about whether and to what extent these characteristics impact A’s trust in B regarding matter Y. In this article, I draw on classic sociological traditions—status characteristics theory and social identity theory—to formulate hypotheses that link ascribed and achieved characteristics to trust. Four survey experiments administered to Amazon.com Mechanical Turk workers ( N = 1388 and N = 1419) and to public university undergraduate students ( N = 995 and N = 956) showed that diffuse status characteristics (age, race, and gender) and social identities (co-age, co-race, and co-gender) produced weak to null effects depending on the population, hypothetical scenario, and nominal social category under study, while specific status characteristics (actual competence) consistently produced modest effects. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
The ABCs of Immunotherapy for Adult Patients With B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Horvat Troy Z. , Seddon Amanda N. , Ogunniyi Adebayo , King Amber C. , Buie Larry W. , Daley Ryan J.
Published: October 2017

Objective: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of Food and Drug Administration approved and promising immunotherapy agents used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Data Sources: A literature search was performed of PubMed and MEDLINE databases (1950 to July 2017) and of abstracts from the American Society of Hematology and the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Searches were performed utilizing the following key terms: rituximab, blinatumomab, inotuzumab, ofatumumab, obinutuzumab, Blincyto, Rituxan, Gazyva, Arzerra, CAR T-cell, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Study Selection/Data Extraction: Studies of pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety of rituximab, ofatumumab, obinutuzumab, inotuzumab, blinatumomab, and CAR T-cells in the treatment of adult patients with ALL were identified. Data Synthesis: Conventional chemotherapy has been the mainstay in the treatment of ALL, producing cure rates of approximately 90% in pediatrics, but it remains suboptimal in adult patients. As such, more effective consolidative modalities and novel therapies for relapsed/refractory disease are needed for adult patients with ALL. In recent years, anti-CD20 antibodies, blinatumomab, inotuzumab, and CD19-targeted CAR T-cells have drastically changed the treatment landscape of B-cell ALL. Conclusion: Outcomes of patients with relapsed disease are improving thanks to new therapies such as blinatumomab, inotuzumab, and CAR T-cells. Although the efficacy of these therapies is impressive, they are not without toxicity, both physical and financial. The optimal sequencing of these therapies still remains a question.
Once-Daily Versus Twice-Daily Enoxaparin for the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients
Authors: Fuller Katherine , Malecki Stephanie , Anselmo Lisa , Borrego Matthew E. , Jakeman Bernadette , Burnett Allison
Published: October 2017

Background: No randomized controlled trials have investigated enoxaparin once versus twice daily for venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment in cancer patients. Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of enoxaparin 1 mg/kg twice daily versus enoxaparin 1.5 mg/kg/day for the treatment of acute VTE in cancer patients. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study. Adults with active cancer and an acute VTE were included. The primary outcome evaluated was the incidence of clinically relevant (major and nonmajor) bleeding (CRB) within 30 days of enoxaparin initiation. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of CRB, thrombosis, and death at 30, 90, and 180 days. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board. Results: A total of 123 patients met inclusion criteria; 85 patients (69%) were treated with once-daily and 38 patients (31%) with twice-daily enoxaparin. CRB was numerically higher at 30 days in the twice-daily enoxaparin group compared with the once-daily group (5.3% vs 2.4%, P = 0.587). There was a nonsignificant higher incidence of CRB in the once-daily enoxaparin group compared with the twice-daily group at 90 days (8.3% vs 8%, P = 1.0) and 180 days (12.5% vs 7.1%, P = 1.0). The composite outcome of CRB, thrombosis, and death was higher at all time points with enoxaparin once daily. Conclusions: Lack of statistical power in this study precludes definitive conclusions. Clinicians may consider twice-daily enoxaparin because of potentially fewer adverse events but may be limited by patient preference and/or financial constraints.
Hybrid Fixation for Ankle Fusion in Diabetic Charcot Arthropathy
Authors: El-Mowafi Hani , Abulsaad Mazen , Kandil Yasser , El-Hawary Ahmed , Ali Samer
Published: October 2017

Background:

Ankle fusion is difficult to achieve in the diabetic Charcot ankle Brodsky type 3a because of the poor quality of the bone and the inability to achieve a stable biomechanical construct. The aim of this study was to report the outcome of ankle fusion using a combination of an intramedullary nail and a circular external fixator in patients with diabetic Charcot arthropathy.

Methods:

We prospectively studied 24 patients with diabetic Charcot arthropathy of the ankle who were treated by fusion of the tibiotalar joint using a combined retrograde intramedullary nail and Ilizarov external fixator. Their mean age was 50.7 ± 6.9 (range, 43-62) years. The mean follow-up after surgery was 36.4 ± 5.8 (range, 24-98) months.

Results:

Twenty-two patients (92%) achieved clinical and radiographic solid bony fusion. No patients in this series needed amputation. All the patients were pain free, and the mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) improved significantly from 34.6 ± 6.8 to 66.4 ± 4.5 at the last follow-up. Two patients developed an ulcer over the heel due to a prominent nail. The ulcer healed after nail removal. Eight patients developed pin tract infection.

Conclusion:

We report a successful outcomes of ankle fusions using combined intramedullary nail locked only proximally and ring external fixator (hybrid fixation) in patients with diabetic Charcot arthropathy.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Sexual Assault and Dyadic Relationship Satisfaction: Indirect Associations Through Intimacy and Mental Health
Authors: Georgia Emily J. , Roddy McKenzie K. , Doss Brian D.
Published: October 2017

Rates of child and adult sexual assault (SA) among women are staggering and place women at risk for intra- and interpersonal difficulties. However, the independent contributions of child and adult SA or the mechanisms of this risk are unknown. This study’s goal was to examine the indirect effects of child and adult SA on women’s own and partner’s relationship functioning through their impact on women’s mental health, emotional intimacy, and sexual intimacy. Results revealed that the association of women’s child SA with both her own and her partner’s relationship satisfaction operated through emotional intimacy. Considerations for the study of women with a history of SA in the context of couple functioning are discussed.
Safety Assessment of Cross-Linked Alkyl Acrylates as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Fiume Monice M. , Heldreth Bart , Boyer Ivan , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: October 2017

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of cross-linked alkyl acrylates as used in cosmetics. The 23 cross-linked alkyl acrylates included in this safety assessment are reported to function as absorbents, film formers, emulsion stabilizers, viscosity increasing agents, suspending agents, binders, and/or skin-conditioning agents. The Panel reviewed available animal and clinical data, as well as information from previous CIR reports on monomer components. Because data were not available for the individual ingredients, and because residual monomer may be present, the Panel extrapolated from previous reports to support safety. The Panel concluded that cross-linked alkyl acrylates are safe in the present practices of use and concentration, provided that they are not polymerized in benzene. For those ingredients polymerized in benzene, the data available were insufficient to make a determination of safety. A risk assessment for the amount of benzene present would be needed.
Authenticity in Screen Tourism: Significance of Real and Substituted Screen Locations
Authors: Rittichainuwat Bongkosh , Laws Eric , Scott Noel , Rattanaphinanchai Suphaporn
Published: October 2017

This article examines the meaning and significance of screen tourism location authenticity. The article analyses the interrelationship among places (real vs. substituted historical sites associated with tourists’ favorite films and TV programs) and activities (reenactment of photo shootings and costume rentals). The study finds a number of visitor segments go to screen tourism locations. For Screen Authentic Tourists, objective and existential authenticity do not matter as long as the destinations are associated with their favorite films. Screen tourism is a rapidly growing sector; this article examines its dynamics and evaluates various approaches to screen tourism authenticity, particularly theoplacity.
Strengthening Links Between Evaluation Theory and Practice, and More
Authors: Mark Melvin M.
Published: October 2017

George Grob presented the fifth and final Eleanor Chelimsky Forum address at the 2017 annual meeting of the Eastern Evaluation Research Society. In this commentary, I respond to several points that George raises in the American Journal of Evaluation paper based on that address. An overarching theme of my comments involves the potential for strengthening the linkages between evaluation theory and evaluation practice. Research on evaluation should also be added to this pairing.
The relational orientation framework for examining culture in Chinese societies
Authors: Huang Yi-Hui , Bedford Olwen , Zhang Yin
Published: October 2017

Individualist and collectivist cultural frameworks have been the dominant research paradigm in cross-cultural studies despite evidence of conceptual and measurement problems with collectivism. We propose a new theoretical framework of psychological functioning in Chinese societies that captures some of the useful elements of collectivism without its drawbacks. The relational orientation framework takes into account the variety of relations in an individual’s social and cultural environment. The model comprises a structural–relational factor grounded in sociological structuration theory and relational orientation characteristics, and a rational–relational factor that captures important aspects of agency based on social exchange theory. We discuss the framework’s role in providing an alternative to methodological individualism for research in Chinese societies.
Emotions, Everyday Life, and the Social Web: Age, Gender, and Social Web Engagement Effects on Online Emotional Expression
Authors: Beneito-Montagut Roser
Published: October 2017

Emotional expression is key to the maintenance and development of interpersonal relationships (IR) online. This study develops and applies a novel analytical framework for the study of emotional expression on the social web in everyday life. The analytical framework proposed is based on previous ethnographic work and the self-reported measurement of the visual cues, action cues, and verbal cues that people use to express emotions on the social web. It is empirically tested, using an online survey of Spanish frequent Internet users (n = 301). The analysis focuses particularly on how age, gender, and social web engagement relate to emotional expression during online social interactions. We find that both personal characteristics (age and gender) and levels of social web usage affect emotional communication online. The effect size is particularly strong for gender. This article illustrates and reflects upon the potential of the proposed analytical framework for unveiling norms and strategies in online interaction rituals.
A Tale of Two Sociologies: Analyzing Versus Critique in UK Sociology
Authors: Williams Malcolm , Sloan Luke , Brookfield Charlotte
Published: October 2017

Several studies, in recent years, have demonstrated what has become known as the ‘quantitative deficit’ in UK sociology. This deficit is primarily manifested through negative student attitudes towards quantitative methods, a lack of ability in that area and a paucity of quantitative research and publication in the discipline that utilises quantitative methods. While we acknowledge the existence of that deficit, we argue in this article, and present some initial evidence in support of this argument, that the issue is not simply just about a ‘crisis of number’ but the kind of sociology taught and practised in the United Kingdom. We suggest here that there are two broad categories of sociology that do not necessarily divide along quantitative–qualitative lines, which we term ‘analytic’ and ‘critique’. Much of UK sociology takes a ‘critique’ approach, which may well be a quite legitimate way to do sociology, but is not a sufficient basis on which quantitative sociology can be done and has implications for the future of the discipline.
Reliability-based performance design optimization for seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete buildings with fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Zou Xiaokang , Wang Qian , Wu Jiurong
Published: October 2017

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites can be externally bonded to reinforced concrete members which provide an effective seismic retrofit strategy for reinforced concrete structures. For seismic retrofit of a complex building structure, due to the large number of structural members, an optimum design which ensures the use of the minimum amount of fiber-reinforced polymer to achieve a given level of seismic performance is highly desirable for economic reasons. In addition, such an optimum design approach is best built on a probabilistic basis so that various sources of uncertainties in the design process can be appropriately accounted for. This work therefore studies an efficient reliability-based optimization approach for the seismic retrofit design of reinforced concrete structures using fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The structural performance is assessed at the system level using nonlinear pushover analyses. In the proposed approach, the inelastic interstory drift ratios are modeled as indeterministic variables to consider the uncertainties of earthquake loading. By contrast, the thickness of the fiber-reinforced polymer jacket is considered as a deterministic design variable. The reliability-based design approach is formulated by minimizing fiber-reinforced polymer cost subject to prescribed structural reliability constraints. Using the results of nonlinear static pushover analyses and reliability analyses, the reliability index constraints are explicitly formulated with respect to the deterministic design variables based on the virtual work principle as well as Taylor series expansion. A numerical optimality criteria method is derived and programmed to solve this reliability-based nonlinear retrofit design optimization problem. A design example is included to illustrate the application of the new optimization approach.
Religious affiliation at time of death – Global estimates and projections
Authors: Skirbekk Vegard , Todd Megan , Stonawski Marcin
Published: October 2017

Aims: Religious affiliation influences societal practices regarding death and dying, including palliative care, religiously acceptable health service procedures, funeral rites and beliefs about an afterlife. We aimed to estimate and project religious affiliation at the time of death globally, as this information has been lacking. Methods: We compiled data on demographic information and religious affiliation from more than 2500 surveys, registers and censuses covering 198 nations/territories. We present estimates of religious affiliation at the time of death as of 2010, projections up to and including 2060, taking into account trends in mortality, religious conversion, intergenerational transmission of religion, differential fertility, and gross migration flows, by age and sex. Results: We find that Christianity continues to be the most common religion at death, although its share will fall from 37% to 31% of global deaths between 2010 and 2060. The share of individuals identifying as Muslim at the time of death increases from 21% to 24%. The share of religiously unaffiliated will peak at 17% in 2035 followed by a slight decline thereafter. In specific regions, such as Europe, the unaffiliated share will continue to rises from 14% to 21% throughout the period. Conclusions: Religious affiliation at the time of death is changing globally, with distinct regional patterns. This could affect spatial variation in healthcare and social customs relating to death and dying.
Challenges associated with missing data in electronic health records: A case study of a risk prediction model for diabetes using data from Slovenian primary care
Authors: Stiglic Gregor , Kocbek Primoz , Fijacko Nino , Sheikh Aziz , Pajnkihar Majda
Published: October 2017

The increasing availability of data stored in electronic health records brings substantial opportunities for advancing patient care and population health. This is, however, fundamentally dependant on the completeness and quality of data in these electronic health records. We sought to use electronic health record data to populate a risk prediction model for identifying patients with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. We, however, found substantial (up to 90%) amounts of missing data in some healthcare centres. Attempts at imputing for these missing data or using reduced dataset by removing incomplete records resulted in a major deterioration in the performance of the prediction model. This case study illustrates the substantial wasted opportunities resulting from incomplete records by simulation of missing and incomplete records in predictive modelling process. Government and professional bodies need to prioritise efforts to address these data shortcomings in order to ensure that electronic health record data are maximally exploited for patient and population benefit.
Dietary advanced glycated end-products and medicines influence the expression of SIRT1 and DDOST in peripheral mononuclear cells from long-term type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Santos-Bezerra Daniele P , Machado-Lima Adriana , Monteiro Maria Beatriz , Admoni Sharon N , Perez Ricardo V , Machado Cleide G , Shimizu Maria Heloíza , Cavaleiro Ana M , Thieme Karina , Queiroz Márcia S , Machado Ubiratan F , Giannella-Neto Daniel , Passarelli Marisa , Corrêa-Giannella Maria Lúcia
Published: October 2017

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to quantify expression of two genes coding for advanced glycation end-product receptors [RAGE ( AGER) and AGER1 ( DDOST)] and of the gene coding the deacetylase SIRT1 ( SIRT1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 1 diabetes patients without [Group A, n = 35; 28.5 (24–39) years old; median (interquartile interval)] or with at least one microvascular complication [Group B, n = 117; 34.5 (30–42) years old]; 31 healthy controls were also included. In a subgroup of 48 patients, daily advanced glycation end-products intake before blood collection was assessed. Lower expression of DDOST was found in patients than in controls after adjustment for sex, age, use of statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Higher expressions of AGER, DDOST and SIRT1 were observed in Group A. Stratifying by complications, AGER and DDOST expressions were higher in those without retinopathy and without diabetic kidney disease, respectively, compared to patients with these complications. Patients using statins or angiotensin receptor blockers presented higher expression of DDOST. Expression of SIRT1 was higher in patients consuming ≥12,872 KU daily of advanced glycation end-products. Although AGER, DDOST and SIRT1 are differently expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 1 diabetes patients with and without microvascular complications, they are also influenced by dietary advanced glycation end-products and by statins and angiotensin receptor blockers.