bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial in women with coronary artery disease investigating the effects of aerobic interval training versus moderate intensity continuous exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: CAT versus MICE study
Authors: Lee Leanna S , Tsai Ming-Chang , Brooks Dina , Oh Paul I
Published: October 2019

Background

The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of aerobic interval training (AIT) versus moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on aerobic exercise capacity (V̇O2peak), in women only, with coronary artery disease (CAD) and who were referred to a large, 24-week outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme. Secondary objectives included comparing the effects of AIT versus MICE on cognition, cardiovascular risk profile, adherence and quality of life before and after the 24-week CR programme.

Methods

Thirty-one postmenopausal women with CAD (left ventricular ejection fraction >35%; 68.2±9.2 years of age; V̇O2peak: 19.1±3.5 mL kg-1min-1) were randomised to 24 weeks of usual care MICE (60%–80% of V̇O2peak, five times per week) or AIT (four 4-min intervals at 90%–95% of peak heart rate, three times per week+two times per week usual care MICE). Differences between and within groups were assessed using independent samples t-tests and paired samples t-tests, respectively. Treatment effect analysis of AIT on V̇O2peak and secondary outcomes was determined using analysis of covariance with baseline values as covariates.

Results

A randomised controlled trial study design was unfeasible in this female CAD population. Unanticipated challenges in recruitment availability and eligibility, in combination with a 59% and 50% attrition rate in the AIT and MICE group, respectively, rendered this study underpowered to detect differences between groups. The per protocol treatment effect analysis, however, unveiled a 0.95 mL kg-1min-1improvement in V̇O2peak in response to AIT over MICE (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Further research is necessary to elucidate the patient profile and circumstances under which the potential for the implementation of AIT may be individualised, and offered in clinical practice.

Trial registration

NCT02966158.
Nimble evolution for pretzel Khovanov polynomials
Authors: Anokhina Aleksandra , Morozov Alexei , Popolitov Aleksandr
Published: October 2019

We conjecture explicit evolution formulas for Khovanov polynomials, which for any particular knot are Laurent polynomials of complex variables q and T, for pretzel knots of genus g in some regions in the space of winding parameters $$n_0, \dots , n_g$$n0,⋯,ng. Our description is exhaustive for genera 1 and 2. As previously observed Anokhina and Morozov (2018), Dunin-Barkowski et al. (2019), evolution at $$T\ne -1$$T≠-1 is not fully smooth: it switches abruptly at the boundaries between different regions. We reveal that this happens also at the boundary between thin and thick knots, moreover, the thick-knot domain is further stratified. For thin knots the two eigenvalues 1 and $$\lambda = q^2 T$$λ=q2T, governing the evolution, are the standard T-deformation of the eigenvalues of the R-matrix 1 and $$-q^2$$-q2. However, in thick knots’ regions extra eigenvalues emerge, and they are powers of the “naive” $$\lambda $$λ, namely, they are equal to $$\lambda ^2, \dots , \lambda ^g$$λ2,⋯,λg. From point of view of frequencies, i.e. logarithms of eigenvalues, this is frequency doubling (more precisely, frequency multiplication) – a phenomenon typical for non-linear dynamics. Hence, our observation can signal a hidden non-linearity of superpolynomial evolution. To give this newly observed evolution a short name, note that when $$\lambda $$λ is pure phase the contributions of $$\lambda ^2, \dots , \lambda ^g$$λ2,⋯,λg oscillate “faster” than the one of $$\lambda $$λ. Hence, we call this type of evolution “nimble”.
The transverse momentum spectrum of weak gauge bosons at N$${}^3$$LL + NNLO
Authors: Bizoń Wojciech , Gehrmann-De Ridder Aude , Gehrmann Thomas , Glover Nigel , Huss Alexander , Monni Pier Francesco , Re Emanuele , Rottoli Luca , Walker Duncan M.
Published: October 2019

We present accurate QCD predictions for the transverse momentum ($$p_\perp $$

p
⊥

) spectrum of electroweak gauge bosons at the LHC for $$13~\mathrm {TeV} $$

13

TeV

collisions, based on a consistent combination of a NNLO calculation at large $$p_\perp $$

p
⊥

and N$$^3$$

3

LL resummation in the small $$p_\perp $$

p
⊥

limit. The inclusion of higher order corrections leads to substantial changes in the shape of the differential distributions, and the residual perturbative uncertainties are reduced to the few percent level across the whole transverse momentum spectrum. We examine the ratio of $$p_\perp $$

p
⊥

distributions in charged- and neutral-current Drell–Yan production, and study different prescriptions for the estimate of perturbative uncertainties that rely on different degrees of correlation between these processes. We observe an excellent stability of the ratios with respect to the perturbative order, indicating a strong correlation between the corresponding QCD corrections.
Large $$N_c$$ scaling of meson masses and decay constants
Authors: Hernández P. , Pena C. , Romero-López F.
Published: October 2019

We perform an ab initio calculation of the $$N_c$$Nc scaling of the low-energy couplings of the chiral Lagrangian of low-energy strong interactions, extracted from the mass dependence of meson masses and decay constants. We compute these observables on the lattice with four degenerate fermions, $$N_f=4$$Nf=4, and varying number of colours, $$N_c=3$$Nc=3–6, at a lattice spacing of $$a\simeq 0.075$$a≃0.075 fm. We find good agreement with the expected $$N_c$$Nc scaling and measure the coefficients of the leading and subleading terms in the large $$N_c$$Nc expansion. From the subleading $$N_c$$Nc corrections, we can also infer the $$N_f$$Nf dependence, that we use to extract the value of the low-energy couplings for different values of $$N_f$$Nf. We find agreement with previous determinations at $$N_c=3$$Nc=3 and $$N_f=2, 3$$Nf=2,3 and also, our results support a strong paramagnetic suppression of the chiral condensate in moving from $$N_f=2$$Nf=2 to $$N_f=3$$Nf=3.
Nonexistence of Levi flat hypersurfaces with positive normal bundle in compact Kähler manifolds of dimension ≥3
Authors: Biard Séverine , Iordan Andrei
Published: October 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a compact connected Kähler manifold of dimension [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] a [Formula: see text] Levi flat hypersurface in [Formula: see text]. Then the normal bundle to the Levi foliation does not admit a Hermitian metric with positive curvature along the leaves. This represents an answer to a conjecture of Marco Brunella.
Spin-one (1 + 3)-dimensional DKP equation with modified Kratzer potential in the non-commutative space
Authors: Saidi Abdelali , Sedra Moulay Brahim
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the spin-one Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau equation in (1 + 3) dimensions with a modified Kratzer potential is considered in the non-commutative space framework. The energy eigenvalue equation and the corresponding eigenfunctions are derived analytically. Furthermore, the energy shift due to the space non-commutativity effect is also obtained using the perturbation theory. In particular, it is shown that the degeneracy of the initial spectral line is broken, where the space non-commutativity plays the role of a magnetic field. This behavior is very similar to the Zeeman effect.
Traversable wormholes in Einsteinian cubic gravity
Authors: Mehdizadeh Mohammad Reza , Ziaie Amir Hadi
Published: October 2019

In this work, we investigate wormhole configurations described by a constant redshift function in Einstein-Cubic gravity ( ECG ). We derive analytical wormhole geometries by assuming a particular equation of state ( EoS ) and investigate the possibility that these solutions satisfy the standard energy conditions. We introduce exact asymptotically flat and anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes that admit traversable wormholes. These solutions are obtained by imposing suitable values for the parameters of the theory so that the resulted geometries satisfy the weak energy condition ( WEC ) in the vicinity of the throat, due to the presence of higher-order curvature terms. Moreover, we find that AdS solutions satisfy the WEC throughout the spacetime. A description of the geodesic motion of time-like and null particles is presented for the obtained wormhole solutions. Also, using gravitational lensing effects, observational features of the wormhole structure are discussed.
Kink soliton solutions and bifurcation for a nonlinear space-fractional Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piskunov equation in circuitry, chemistry or biology
Authors: Chu Mei-Xia , Tian Bo , Yin Hui-Min , Chen Su-Su , Zhang Ze
Published: October 2019

Circuitry and chemistry are applied in such fields as communication engineering and automatic control, environmental protection and material/medicine sciences, respectively. Biology works as the basis of agriculture and medicine. Studied in this paper is a nonlinear space-fractional Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piskunov equation for the electronic circuitry, chemical kinetics, population dynamics, neurophysiology, population genetics, mutant gene propagation, nerve impulses transmission or molecular crossbridge property in living muscles. Kink soliton solutions are obtained via the fractional sub-equation method. Change of the fractional order does not affect the amplitudes of the kink solitons. Via the traveling transformation, the original equation is transformed into the ordinary differential equation, while we obtain two equivalent two-dimensional planar dynamic systems of that ordinary differential equation. According to the bifurcation and qualitative considerations of the planar dynamic systems, we display the corresponding phase portraits when the traveling-wave velocity is nonzero or zero. Nonlinear periodic waves of the original equation are obtained when the traveling-wave velocity is zero.
Total-scattering pair-distribution function analysis of zinc from high-energy synchrotron data
Authors: Masadeh Ahmad S. , Shatnawi Moneeb T. M. , Adawi Ghosoun , Ren Yang
Published: October 2019

The crystal structure of zinc metal deviates from the ideal hexagonal close packing structure by a significantly increased axial ratio (c/a). The local atomic structure of zinc metal is investigated using the total scattering atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis based on X-ray powder diffraction data collected at ambient conditions. The X-ray total scattering PDF analysis confirms that the crystal structure of zinc can be described in terms of wurtzite structure, but with an anomalously atomic displacement parameters [Formula: see text], indicating a significant displacement disorder along the [Formula: see text]-axis. For the long [Formula: see text]-range PDF refinements, the thermal motion of zinc shows a notable anisotropy as expressed by the ratio [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] of 2.5 at ambient conditions. This average distortion level along the [Formula: see text]-axis, was not reflected locally for the features below 5.0 Å as it fits the high [Formula: see text] region. Based on PDF refinements over different [Formula: see text]-ranges, we measure an interesting increase of the [Formula: see text] value with decreasing the [Formula: see text]-range of the refinement. This suggests that the local structure features in zinc metal differ from the average structure ones.
Riemann–Hilbert approach for multi-soliton solutions of a fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Liu Yan , Zhang Yufeng , Shi Dandan
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we consider the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) method for a fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, which is reduced on the basis of the generalized Davydov’s model by selecting some special parameters. On the basis of the spectral analysis for the Lax pair of the equation, the RH problem is presented. Through a specific RH problem in the sense of irregularity, the multi-soliton solutions are also obtained. In addition, dynamic behaviors of these soliton solutions are given to illustrate the soliton characteristics.
Removing the conspiracy of BSM physics and BSM cosmology
Authors: Khlopov Maxim Yu.
Published: October 2019

The standard model (SM) of elementary particles finds no contradictions in the experimental data, but appeals to extensions for solutions of its internal problems and physical basis of the modern cosmology. The latter is based on inflationary models with baryosynthesis and dark matter/energy that involves Physics beyond the standard model (BSM) of elementary particles. However, studies of the BSM physical basis of the modern cosmology inevitably reveals additional particle model-dependent cosmological consequences that go beyond the modern standard cosmological model. The mutual relationship of the BSM particle physics basis of the modern cosmology and the nontrivial features of the corresponding cosmological scenario are the subject of this paper.
NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATES OF OPTION PRICES AND RELATED QUANTITIES
Authors: CASSESE GIANLUCA
Published: October 2019

We propose a new nonparametric technique to estimate the call function based on the superhedging principle. This approach requires minimal assumptions on absence of arbitrage and other market imperfections. The estimates so obtained are then combined with SNP estimates of the actual density of market returns. This permits to investigate the time behavior of the relative distance between the two densities obtained. Our empirical findings suggest that the more the two densities differ, the shorter is time to maturity, suggesting a major role of uncertainty over shorter than longer horizons.
Combined Road Roughness and Vehicle Parameter Estimation Based on a Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator
Authors: O. A. Shereena , Rao B. N.
Published: October 2019

This paper deals with the simultaneous identification of road roughness and vehicle parameters, considering the effect of vehicle–structure interaction. The proposed technique avoids the use of bridge response data (which has practical implementation difficulties along with the high chances of corruption with environmental noises) and utilizes the vehicle response data (which is relatively easier to record). Further, vehicle calibration is not needed as the roughness is estimated simultaneously. The identification is carried out by the coupling of an unbiased minimum variance estimator with an optimization scheme. This study considers a quarter-car vehicle model and a half-car vehicle model, instrumented to measure the vehicle vibration data. The unbiased minimum variance estimator (MVE) allows a linear temporal evolution of the state variables, incorporating the roughness as an unknown input term such that the need for linearization is avoided, unlike the traditional nonlinear filters. The optimization scheme helps in choosing a set of optimal solutions for the vehicle parameters as designed in the coupled scheme. The best split of the available measurement data to be used in the two schemes (MVE and optimization scheme) is discussed. The effect of different objective functions is also studied. The proposed technique is successful in terms of simultaneously estimating the vehicle parameters, roughness profile and vehicle responses (states) accurately.
Some new characterizations of periodic rings
Authors: Cui Jian , Danchev Peter
Published: October 2019

A ring [Formula: see text] is called periodic if, for every [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], there exist two distinct positive integers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. The paper is devoted to a comprehensive study of the periodicity of arbitrary unital rings. Some new characterizations of periodic rings and their relationship with strongly [Formula: see text]-regular rings are provided as well as, furthermore, an application of the obtained main results to a ∗-version of a periodic ring is being considered. Our theorems somewhat considerably improved on classical results in this direction.
An Improved Support Domain Model of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method to Simulate Crack Propagation in Materials
Authors: Wang Tian , Wang Jian , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2019

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has its unique advantages in simulating large deformation. However, in its calculation, it is easy for some regional particles to break off. This paper puts forward the concept of virtual crack boundary to solve crack propagating problems in the framework of SPH. The parameters of virtual crack boundary are determined by the projection method of descending dimension, which improves the support domains of crack tip particles. Based on the principle of minimum strain energy density factor in fracture mechanics, the initiation and extended directions of cracks in materials are estimated. By simulating the generation and expansion of three modes of cracks in materials, the SPH calculation results of the three types of support domain forms are compared with the ABAQUS simulation results and experiment results. It indicates that the method of virtual crack boundary method is more stable than the one based on discontinuous medium. And it can generate more reasonable results than the method based on continuous medium. This paper proves the effectiveness of strain energy density factor based on fracture mechanics theory in searching the direction of crack expansion using SPH, and explores the application of new support domain model in SPH crack solution.
Entreprenurial Human Capital and Inward Technology Licensing in the Context of New Technology-Based Firms
Authors: Jang Yongseok
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the rate of using ITL, specifically relating to the human capital (HC) of NTBFs: (1) Does HC of entrepreneurs have an influence on the ITL? (2) If so, then to what extent does specific HC and general HC demonstrate a different effect? Using a subset of 649 considerable NTBF’s, created from the seventh follow-up of the Kauffman Firm Survey longitudinal data, the study found that different HC within NTBFs may explain the rate of using external technologies, which answers the first question. The findings reinforce existing understandings of HTC, which concern the effect of HC on entrepreneurial activities such as opportunity search. In regards to the second research question, the found that level of general education and industry-specific startup experience are positively related to the rate of ITL. A major contribution of this study is that it presented evidence to support applicability of current insights of a specific innovation strategy, ITL, in the context of NTBFs.
Spherically symmetric gravitational collapse in Einstein Gauss–Bonnet theory
Authors: Tahir M. , Abbas G.
Published: October 2019

This paper deals with spherically symmetric gravitational collapse of inhomogeneous perfect fluid in Einstein Gauss–Bonnet gravity. The physical quantities have been plotted in the EGB gravity. The Ricci Scalar and Kretschmann scalar have been determined to study the curvature singularity. The shell focusing curvature singularities are generated at last stage of gravitational collapse of object. The formation of singularity and apparent horizon depends on the initial data. Also, the energy conditions have been discussed for the reasonable energy momentum tensor. The presence of GB coupling constant [Formula: see text] modifies the structure of singularity and formation of apparent horizon.
Approximation of Calcium Diffusion in Alzheimeric Cell
Authors: Jha Brajesh Kumar , Dave Devanshi D.
Published: October 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia prevailing worldwide. It has been found that the higher level of cytosolic calcium leads to the pathological symptoms of AD and the two cytoplasmic calcium binding buffers have their roles in sustaining this dementia. However, the area of their functioning and working is found to be different. Calmodulin is found in CA1-hippocampus neurons, whereas calbindin-D28k is found in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Based on this physiology, in this research paper an attempt has been made to delineate the physiological phenomenon of calcium diffusion at cytosolic level. Taking into consideration the physiology of the neuron, a two-dimensional mathematical model is used and is solved using finite element method (FEM). The appropriate initial and boundary conditions are assumed in presence of suitable diffusion coefficient of calcium and association rate of the buffer. The approximate geometries for both the neurons are taken into consideration to get a better insight about the pathology behind calcium diffusion taking place in AD. The desired results are shown graphically for Alzheimeric and non-Alzheimeric cells. Thus, the obtained results clearly show the significant impact of buffers on cytosolic calcium which affect the normal condition of the cell and maintain the cell calcium.
Large deviations and a new sum rule for spectral matrix measures of the Jacobi ensemble
Authors: Gamboa Fabrice , Nagel Jan , Rouault Alain
Published: October 2019

We continue to explore the connections between large deviations for objects coming from random matrix theory and sum rules. This connection was established in [Sum rules via large deviations, J. Funct. Anal. 270(2) (2016) 509–559] for spectral measures of classical ensembles (Gauss–Hermite, Laguerre, Jacobi) and it was extended to spectral matrix measures of the Hermite and Laguerre ensemble in [Sum rules and large deviations for spectral matrix measures, Bernoulli 25(1) (2018) 712–741]. In this paper, we consider the remaining case of spectral matrix measures of the Jacobi ensemble. Our main results are a large deviation principle for such measures and a sum rule for matrix measures with reference measure the Kesten–McKay law. As an important intermediate step, we derive the distribution of matricial canonical moments of the Jacobi ensemble.
ACCURACY VERSUS COMPLEXITY TRADE-OFF IN VaR MODELING: COULD TECHNICAL ANALYSIS BE A SOLUTION?
Authors: VASILEIOU EVANGELOS
Published: October 2019

Accurate Value at Risk (VaR) estimations are crucial for the robustness and stability of a financial system. Even though significant advances have been made in the field of risk modeling, many crises have emerged during the same period, and an explanation for this is that the advanced models are not widely applied in the financial industry due to their mathematical complexity. In contrast to the mathematically complex models that torture the data in the output stage, we suggest a new approach that filters the data inputs, based on Technical Analysis (TA) signals. When the trading signals suggest that the conditions are positive (negative) for investments we use data from the previously documented positive (negative) periods in order to calculate the VaR. In this way, we use input data that are more representative of the financial conditions under examination and thus VaR estimations are more accurate and more representative (nonprocyclical) than the conventional models’ estimation that use the last nonfiltered [Formula: see text]-day observations. Testing our assumptions in the US stock market for the period 2000–2017, the empirical data confirmed our hypothesis. Moreover, we suggest specific legislative adjustments that contribute to more accurate and representative VaR estimations: (i) an extra backtesting procedure at a lower than the 99% confidence level as a procyclicality test and (ii) to ease the minimum requirement of 250 observations that is currently the input threshold because it leads to less accurate VaR estimations.
A Commentary on the Paradigm Shift Toward Openness in Higher Education
Authors: Koseoglu Suzan
Published: October 2019

This commentary explores paradigm shifts in education; in particular, the shift toward openness in higher education, drawing attention to critical perspectives and current debates related to open online learning and highlighting the importance of pedagogy in these discussions.
SVU-VOSE: A hybrid model of a virtual, open, and socially driven learning environment
Authors: Ajami Khalil , Haidar Ola
Published: October 2019

Syrian Virtual University is implementing a hybrid model of learning called VOSE integrating three components: a virtual learning environment consists of online classroom sessions; an open learning environment grouping SVU's intellectual products; and a social learning environment for outclasses activities. A prototype of VOSE is implemented via the "Academic and Professional Support Program" that delivers support to SVU's students. VOSE adopts Web 2.0 technologies, in order to improve Learning experience in an institutionally accredited form.
The Future of Education: Transforming higher education with integrated competency-based education
Authors: Bosman Lisa
Published: October 2019

Over the past several years, competency-based education has been on the rise for offering vocational education, which prepares people to work in a variety of jobs such as a craft, a trade, or as a technician. However, little progress has taken place and few resources exist that show how to incorporate competency-based education into traditional bachelor's degree programs. The purpose of this article to highlight one university's new approach to transforming global higher education and eLearning with competency-based education. The article provides lessons learned and recommendations for others interested in getting on the higher education transformation bandwagon.
Multicultural Sensitivity in Course Design
Authors: Hilbelink Amy
Published: October 2019

Because universities are moving more of their courses online in an effort to increase their education footprint and institutional impact by distributing to foreign students, many in online learning courses are becoming more diverse. As course designers, this impact should be taken into consideration when analyzing the student audience and designing any course. This article discusses recent trends in the global online audience, reminds us of assumptions made during the design process that may impact the multicultural audience, and provides suggestions for working around those assumptions.
Makerspaces in Higher Education: An overview
Authors: Meyer Brian
Published: October 2019

From accommodating multifarious needs, to providing a space for innovation and enquiry, makerspaces in education today serve to facilitate active, student-led enquiry through a room structured for experimentation. Unlike the traditional classroom context where one pedagogical style can have a tendency to predominate, a makerspace possesses the potential to provide multi-sensory engagement for students that anticipates and accommodates their needs, whilst providing real time feedback on reactions to hypothetical scenarios as they occur to allow a student to adapt their responses accordingly. By taking charge of their learning in a makerspace, the taught material is imbued with greater significance, enabling students to grasp how theoretical concepts can be applied in the practical domain; an essential prerequisite for a variety of professions, such as medicine, where simulated, real world scenarios facilitate the development of practical competence for conducting invasive procedures, without endangering patients to do so.
Sidney David Drell (September 13, 1926–December 21, 2016): A Biographical Memoir
Authors: Jaffe Robert , Jeanloz Raymond
Published: October 2019

Sidney David Drell, professor emeritus at Stanford University and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, died shortly after his 90th birthday in Palo Alto, California. In a career spanning nearly 70 years, Sid—as he was universally known—achieved prominence as a theoretical physicist, public servant, and humanitarian.

Sid contributed incisively to our understanding of the electromagnetic properties of matter. He created the theory group at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and led it through the most creative period in elementary particle physics. The Drell-Yan mechanism is the process through which many particles of the Standard Model, including the famous Higgs boson, were discovered.

Sid advised Presidents and Cabinet Members on matters ranging from nuclear weapons to intelligence, speaking truth to power but with keen insight for offering politically effective advice. His special friendships with Wolfgang (Pief) Panofsky, Andrei Sakharov, and George Shultz highlighted his work at the interface between science and human affairs. He advocated widely for the intellectual freedom of scientists and in his later years campaigned tirelessly to rid the world of nuclear weapons.
Neuronal Mechanisms that Drive Organismal Aging Through the Lens of Perception
Authors: Gendron Christi M. , Chakraborty Tuhin S. , Chung Brian Y. , Harvanek Zachary M. , Holme Kristina J. , Johnson Jacob C. , Lyu Yang , Munneke Allyson S. , Pletcher Scott D.
Published: October 2019

Sensory neurons provide organisms with data about the world in which they live, for the purpose of successfully exploiting their environment. The consequences of sensory perception are not simply limited to decision-making behaviors; evidence suggests that sensory perception directly influences physiology and aging, a phenomenon that has been observed in animals across taxa. Therefore, understanding the neural mechanisms by which sensory input influences aging may uncover novel therapeutic targets for aging-related physiologies. In this review, we examine different perceptive experiences that have been most clearly linked to aging or age-related disease: food perception, social perception, time perception, and threat perception. For each, the sensory cues, receptors, and/or pathways that influence aging as well as the individual or groups of neurons involved, if known, are discussed. We conclude with general thoughts about the potential impact of this line of research on human health and aging.
Diurnal Regulation of Renal Electrolyte Excretion: The Role of Paracrine Factors
Authors: Zhang Dingguo , Pollock David M.
Published: October 2019

Many physiological processes, including most kidney-related functions, follow specific rhythms tied to a 24-h cycle. This is largely because circadian genes operate in virtually every cell type in the body. In addition, many noncanonical genes have intrinsic circadian rhythms, especially within the liver and kidney. This new level of complexity applies to the control of renal electrolyte excretion. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that paracrine and autocrine factors, especially the endothelin system, are regulated by clock genes. We have known for decades that excretion of electrolytes is dependent on time of day, which could play an important role in fluid volume balance and blood pressure control. Here, we review what is known about the interplay between paracrine and circadian control of electrolyte excretion. The hope is that recognition of paracrine and circadian factors can be considered more deeply in the future when integrating with well-established neuroendocrine control of excretion.
Anemia Prevalence after Iron Supplementation among Pregnant Women in Midwifes Practice of Primary Health Care Facilities in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Seu Merry M. V. , Mose Johanes C. , Panigoro Ramdan , Sahiratmadja Edhyana
Published: October 2019

Background. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women is common, and iron supplementation is given during pregnancy to reduce birth complication. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of anemia and type of anemia after iron supplementation among pregnant women in the eastern part of Indonesia. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted between January and March 2019 in three Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities at Kupang, West Timor. After consent, pregnant women who had taken their iron supplementation for at least 3 months were asked for iron pills intake by using a self-designed questionnaire and by counting the pills leftover. Complete blood count examination was performed, and the type of anemia was assessed using Shine and Lal index (SLI; MCV ∗ MCV ∗ MCH/100) to determine whether anemia was due to iron deficiency or β-thalassemia trait (β-TT). In a subset of iron tablets distributed in the PHCs, Fe-concentration was measured. Results. Of 102 pregnant women included, only 25.5% had taken the pills with a pill count of >80%. Interestingly, Fe-concentration in the pills from three different PHC facilities varied between 75% and 100%. After iron supplementation, however, anemia was detected in 34.3%, and based on SLI, 14.7% was suspected because of iron deficiency and 19.6% was suspective of β-TT. Of note, nonanemic pregnant women (17.6%) had also low SLI, suggesting β-TT or other hemoglobinopathies. Conclusion. Assessment of Shine and Lal index as the first step to screen the type of anemia in pregnant women from a limited area is of potential value, especially because Indonesia is located in the thalassemia belt area. An integrative approach and counseling among pregnant women with β-TT and their partners will increase thalassemia awareness and optimal birth management.
Is Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum Incidental in This Verrucous Carcinoma?
Authors: Long Tyler , Bonomo Brian , Shearer Sydney , Welton William , Massullo Ralph , Gibbons George
Published: October 2019

This case report presents a case in which a collision tumor consisting of three separate pathological entities—a verrucous carcinoma (VC), syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP), and a basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The presentation of this collision tumor is unexpected. It presented as an exophytic mass on the scalp. While collisions of SCAP and VC are present in the literature, this case included an additional pathologic entity. The association of these entities and the unreported location of the lesion may provide some further insight as to the etiology of VC.
Different Subtypes of Influenza Viruses Target Different Human Proteins and Pathways Leading to Different Pathogenic Phenotypes
Authors: Wang Yujie , Song Ting , Li Kaiwu , Jin Yuan , Yue Junjie , Ren Hongguang , Liang Long
Published: October 2019

Different subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause different pathogenic phenotypes after infecting human bodies. Analysis of the interactions between viral proteins and the host proteins may provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of the virus. In this paper, we found that the same proteins (nucleoprotein and neuraminidase) of H1N1 and H5N1 have different impacts on the NF-κB activation. By further examining the virus–host protein–protein interactions, we found that both NP and NA proteins of the H1N1 and H5N1 viruses target different host proteins. These results indicate that different subtypes of influenza viruses target different human proteins and pathways leading to different pathogenic phenotypes.
Dihydrochalcone Derivative Induces Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis via Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and ER Stress Pathways but Abolishes EGFR/MAPK Pathway
Authors: Rachakhom Wasitta , Khaw-on Patompong , Pompimon Wilart , Banjerdpongchai Ratana
Published: October 2019

Dihydrochalcone derivatives are active compounds that have been purified from the Thai medicinal plant Cyathostemma argenteum. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of two dihydrochalcone derivatives on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell proliferation and to study the relevant mechanisms involved. The two dihydrochalcone derivatives are 4′,6′-dihydroxy-2′,4-dimethoxy-5′-(2″-hydroxybenzyl)dihydrochalcone (compound 1) and calomelanone (2′,6′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxydihydrochalcone, compound 2), both of which induced cytotoxicity toward both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner by using MTT assay. Treatment with both derivatives induced apoptosis as determined by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide employing flow cytometry. The reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (staining with 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide, DiOC6, employing a flow cytometer) was established in the compound 1-treated cells. Compound 1 induced caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities in both cell lines, as has been determined by specific colorimetric substrates and a spectrophotometric microplate reader which indicated the involvement of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Calcium ion levels in mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments increased in compound 1-treated cells as detected by Rhod-2AM and Fluo-3AM intensity, respectively, indicating the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Compound 1 induced cell cycle arrest via enhanced atm and atr expressions and by upregulating proapoptotic proteins, namely, Bim, Bad, and tBid. Moreover, compound 1 significantly inhibited the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, compound 1 induced MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell apoptosis via intrinsic, extrinsic, and ER stress pathways, whereas it ameliorated the EGFR/MAPK pathway in the MCF-7 cell line. Consequently, it is believed that compound 1 could be effectively developed for cancer treatments.
The Impact of Javanica Oil Emulsion Injection on Chemotherapy Efficacy and Cellular Immune Indicators in Patients with Advanced NSCLC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Huilin , Yin Zhucheng , He Anbing , Cao Dedong
Published: October 2019

Background. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Javanica oil emulsion injection (JOI) combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. Electronic databases including EMBASE, PUBMED, the Cochrane library, and Chinese Biological Medical disc (CBM) were searched until May 2018. The clinical trials reporting efficacy and immune function of JOI combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata 11 and RevMan 5.3 were used for meta-analysis. Results. Twenty-four studies involving 2089 cases were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in objective response rate (risk ratio (RR) = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.29; P<0.05), improvement in Karnofsky Performance Status (standard mean difference (SMD) = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.41–1.77; P<0.01), incidence of adverse events (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.7–0.87; P<0.05), percentage changes of CD3+ cells (SMD = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.49–2.50; P<0.01), CD4+ cells (SMD = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.2–1.9; P<0.01), natural killer cells (SMD = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.15–2.82; P<0.01), but not CD8+ (SMD = −1.44; 95% CI: −4.53–1.65; P=0.36), and value of CD4+/CD8+ (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.28–0.36; P<0.01) between the JOI combination group and control group. Funnel plot and Begg’s and Egger’s analysis indicated that there was no significant publication bias (P>0.05). Conclusions. JOI may be effective to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients, accompanied with better levels of immune cells.
Sildenafil Citrate Influences Production of TNF-α in Healthy Men Lymphocytes
Authors: Zych Michał , Roszczyk Aleksander , Kniotek Monika , Kaleta Beata , Zagozdzon Radoslaw
Published: October 2019

The aim of our study was to determine whether sildenafil citrate influences the production of Th1- (TNF-α, INF-γ) or Th2-type (TGF-β, IL-10) cytokines by lymphocytes of healthy men. Sildenafil citrate (SC) is a selective blocker of phosphodiesterase 5, by competing for the binding site with cGMP. It was reported that a higher risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) could be correlated with a recreational use of sildenafil, especially when combined with another drug. While behavioral causes of these findings are understood, it is worth considering other causes of that phenomenon that might rely on the influence of sildenafil on the immune system. Material and Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 27 healthy men donors and cultured in the presence of SC at a concentration of 400 ng/ml. The first set of research was performed on cells stimulated, for at least 4 hours, by incubation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), ionomycin, and Golgi-Stop. Subsequently, we determined cytokine production in cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 12 hours in the presence of Golgi-Stop. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of PBMC was performed towards the surface marker of T cells: CD3 and intracellular cytokine expression: TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and IL-10. Our findings show that SC significantly decreased the percentage of T cells producing TNF-α and displayed tendency to decrease IFN-γ, when stimulated with PMA. Frequent usage of SC might strengthen this effect. That could partially explain the impaired immune response to the pathogens of men using the drug.
Strain-Mediated Stability of Structures and Electronic Properties of ReS2, Janus ReSSe, and ReSe2 Monolayers
Authors: Zong Jia-Qi , Zhang Shu-Feng , Ji Wei-Xiao , Zhang Chang-Wen , Li Ping , Wang Pei-Ji
Published: October 2019

Monolayers of transition metal ReX2 and ReSX (X=S, Se) have been proposed as new electronic materials for nanoscale devices. In this paper, there are three structures: ReS2, Janus ReSSe, and ReSe2. Based on the first-principles theory, we analyzed the structures, electronic properties, and Fermi speed. Remarkably, we studied the stability of structures of ReS2, Janus ReSSe, and ReSe2 monolayers under biaxial tensile and compressive strain by density functional approach. It is worth noting that when the strain changes, not only the band gap changes but also the band gap properties (direct and indirect) also change. The bond gaps decrease with the increase of tensile strain and compressive strain; Moreover, when the strain is greater than 0, the bond angle decreases as the strain increases, and when the strain is less than 0, the bond angle increases as the strain increases.
Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight Extract Enhances Hindlimb Performance and Attenuates Myosin Heavy Chain IId/IIx Expression in Cast-Immobilized Mice
Authors: Kimbara Yoshiyuki , Shimada Yutaka , Kuboyama Tomoharu , Tohda Chihiro
Published: October 2019

Skeletal muscle atrophy is encountered in many clinical conditions, but a pharmacological treatment has not yet been established. Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight is an herbal medicine used in traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine. In the current study, we investigated the effect of C. tubulosa extract (CTE) on atrophied muscle in vivo. We also investigated hindlimb cast immobilization in mice and devised a novel type of hindlimb-immobilizing cast, consisting of sponge-like tape and a thin plastic tube. Using this method, 3 out of 4 groups of mice (n = 11 for each group) were cast-immobilized in the hindlimbs and administered CTE or vehicle for 13 days. A sham procedure was performed in the mice of the fourth group to which the vehicle was administered. Next, the triceps surae muscles (TS) were excised. To analyze the effect of the novel cast system and CTE administration on muscle atrophy, we evaluated TS wet weight and myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA). We also determined MyHC IId/IIx expression levels by western blotting, since their increase is a hallmark of disuse muscle atrophy, suggesting slow-to-fast myofiber type shift. Moreover, we performed two tests of hindlimb performance. The novel cast immobilization method significantly reduced TS wet weight and myofiber CSA. This was accompanied by deterioration of hindlimb function and an increase in MyHC IId/IIx expression. CTE administration did not alter TS wet weight or myofiber CSA; however, it showed a trend of amelioration of the loss of hindlimb function and of suppression of the increased MyHC IId/IIx expression in cast-immobilized mice. Our novel hindlimb cast immobilization method effectively induced muscle atrophy. CTE did not affect muscle mass, but suppressed the shift from slow to fast myofiber type in cast-immobilized mice, ameliorating hindlimb function deterioration.
The Change of Laboratory Tests Could Be Predictive Factors for Infection after McKeown Esophagogastrectomy
Authors: Chen Chongxiang , Wen Tianmeng , Zhao Qingyu
Published: October 2019

Aim. To analyze whether the change of laboratory tests (postoperative day 1 (POD1) minus pre-operation) could be predictive factors for postoperative infection in patients who have undergone McKeown esophagogastrectomy. Methods. We retrospectively investigated the clinical data of 358 patients who have undergone McKeown esophagogastrectomy, and divided them into infection and noninfection groups. SPSS 22.0 software was performed for data analysis. Results. In the two groups, smoking status (66.7% vs. 42.3%; P=0.014), male gender (86.1% vs. 72.0%; P<0.001), hoarseness (23.6% vs. 8.7%; P<0.001), poor coughing ability (51.4% vs. 9.1%; P<0.001), the change of WBC count (5.59 ± 4.75 × 109/L vs. 4.51 ± 4.11 × 109/L; P=0.05), the change of glucose (6.03 ± 3.97 g/L vs. 3.78 ± 3.18 g/L), the change of ALB (−12.83 ± 3.45 g/L vs. −10.69 ± 3.86 g/L), the change of CRE (0.17 ± 19.94 umol/L vs. −4.02 ± 15.40 umol/L, P=0.047) were significantly different. These factors were assessed using logistic regression analysis, and factors with P≤0.05 in the univariate analysis were entered into multivariate analysis based on the forward stepwise (conditional) method. Poor coughing ability (odds ratio [OR], 11.034, 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.358–22.724), smoking status (OR, 4.218; 95% CI, 2.110–8.431), the change of WBC count (OR, 1.079; 95% CI, 1.000–1.164), the change of serum ALB level (OR, 0.849; 95% CI, 0.772–0.935), and the change of blood glucose levels (OR, 1.237; 95% CI, 1.117–1.371) were determined as independent risk factors for postoperative infection. We established a scoring system based on these 5 factors, and the area under the curve for this predictive model was 0.843 (range, 0.793–0.894); the sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off score were 70.8%, 85.3%, and 2.500, respectively. Conclusion. Poor coughing ability, smoking habit, the high change of WBC and blood glucose levels, and low change of serum ALB levels can be used to predict the occurrence of postoperative infections among patients who have undergone McKeown esophagogastrectomy.
Comprehensive Benchmarking and Integration of Tumor Microenvironment Cell Estimation Methods
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Alejandro , Cast Oliver , Miller Martin L.
Published: October 2019

Various computational approaches have been developed for estimating the relative abundance of different cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using bulk tumor RNA data. However, a comprehensive comparison across diverse datasets that objectively evaluates the performance of these approaches has not been conducted. Here, we benchmarked seven widely used tools and gene sets and introduced ConsensusTME, a method that integrates gene sets from all the other methods for relative TME cell estimation of 18 cell types. We collected a comprehensive benchmark dataset consisting of pan-cancer data (DNA-derived purity, leukocyte methylation, and hematoxylin and eosin–derived lymphocyte counts) and cell-specific benchmark datasets (peripheral blood cells and tumor tissues). Although none of the methods outperformed others in every benchmark, ConsensusTME ranked top three in all cancer-related benchmarks and was the best performing tool overall. We provide a Web resource to interactively explore the benchmark results and an objective evaluation to help researchers select the most robust and accurate method to further investigate the role of the TME in cancer (www.consensusTME.org).

Significance:

This work shows an independent and comprehensive benchmarking of recently developed and widely used tumor microenvironment cell estimation methods based on bulk expression data and integrates the tools into a consensus approach.