bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Territory, Power and Politics at a Frontier in Central Benin
Authors: Donko Kamal
Published: June 2022

This book is about a frontier zone that has emerged in central Benin in the wake of rapidly growing internal migration and the settlement of farmers and herders. It provides an interpretative framework for the multiscale dimension of territoriality that helps us to understand the multi-dimensional nature of frontier-making and offers empirical evidence of the everyday and mundane practices of producing sovereign power in contested territories. It highlights key insights into how local and national politics are linked to land tenure systems in a frontier zone. A multi-sited qualitative research study has been applied, using narrative interviews, group discussions, participant observation as well as cartography.

The author is a political geographer and is interested in human–environment relationships and social and institutional change in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Die Mordmerkmale im deutschen und kalifornischen Strafrecht
Authors: Westermann Alexandra
Published: June 2022

The German murder paragraph is in need of reform, that is certain. The thesis tries to show that it is not profitable to abandon all murder cirumstances. The special feature of the study is that the California Penal Code is consulted in order to determine a possible "core area of application" of the four murder characteristics examined (lying-in-wait, torture, financial gain and the otherwise base motive). Just like Germany, California law requires additional circumstances - so calles special circumstances - to justify the imposition of the maximum punishment. The realization of the most severe form of homicide - 1st degree murder - is not sufficient on its own. The special circumstances thus fulfill more or less the function of standard examples. The comparative view shows a surprising number of similarities in the classification of certain circumstances of intentional homicide as particularly punishable. Finally, the study comes to the conclusion that a core scope of application can be determined for each characteristic, but that a flexible penalty framework is needed. A possible reform should therefore focus on the legal consequences, but there is no need to abolish the murder circumstances.
Cutler Street Market
Authors: Münch Ole
Published: June 2022

Der Londoner Altkleidermarkt entpuppt sich als lebendige multikulturelle Kontaktzone, in der sich Netzwerke und Identitäten entwickelten.

London in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts: Insbesondere in den ärmeren Vierteln im Osten der Stadt drängten sich Menschen aus unterschiedlichen Ländern und Religionen, so z. B. Juden aus Mittel- und Osteuropa, Katholiken aus Irland und eingesessene Anglikaner. Wie hat man sich ihre Form der Koexistenz vorzustellen?

Um dieser Frage auf den Grund zu gehen, hat Ole Münch eine Mikrogeschichte verfasst. Sie handelt vom damals weltberühmten Rag Fair – einem Altkleidermarkt, dessen Handelsrouten sich über Kontinente erstreckten. Hier kamen Migranten und Einheimische in Kontakt, stritten über jüdische und irische Klischees, gingen Klientelbeziehungen ein und schmiedeten politische Allianzen. Ethnizität und Religion spielte in vielen dieser Prozesse eine wichtige Rolle. Zugleich bot der Markt aber gute Gründe, ethnische Grenzen zu missachten und sich über sie hinweg sozial zu formieren. Ole Münch knüpft seine Beobachtungen an Debatten aus der Geschichtswissenschaft, Soziologie und Ethnologie. Seine Studie gibt einen Einblick in kaum erforschte Bereiche der Wirtschafts-, Politik- und Rechtsgeschichte einer schillernden Metropole, deren soziales Leben der Autor konsequent »von unten« betrachtet.
Strukturpolitik und Subventionen
Authors: Ahrens Ralf
Published: June 2022

Marktwirtschaft, Wissenschaft und politische Intervention: die staatliche Stützung der bundesdeutschen Industrie nach dem »Wirtschaftswunder«.

Mit dem Abflauen des Nachkriegsbooms in den 1960er Jahren geriet die bundesdeutsche Industrie unter verstärkten Anpassungsdruck. Zunehmende Rufe nach staatlicher Unterstützung resultierten in Subventionen, die zur Dämpfung von Krisen der Deindustrialisierung ebenso eingesetzt wurden wie zur Förderung von Branchen, die als besonders zukunftsfähig galten. Die Etablierung eines neuen Politikfelds namens »Strukturpolitik« sollte diese Eingriffe in den wirtschaftlichen Strukturwandel gleichzeitig legitimieren und begrenzen. Forderungen nach einem drastischen Subventionsabbau standen

jedoch in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren zunehmende Leistungen an die Industrie gegenüber. Das Feld blieb von Aushandlungsprozessen zwischen Politik und Wirtschaft sowie von einem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen wissenschaftlicher Politikberatung und pragmatischer Praxis geprägt. Ralf Ahrens analysiert die Debatten über Legitimität und Formen industriepolitischer Intervention bis zum Ende der »alten« Bundesrepublik. In Fallstudien zur Stahlindustrie, zum Flugzeugbau und zur Computerindustrie zeigt er, dass die Subventionierung über Regierungswechsel hinweg vor allem von Branchenkonstellationen bestimmt war.
An integrative redescription of Echiniscus quadrispinosus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae) from the terra typica in Taunus Mountain Range (Europe; Germany)
Authors: Kaczmarek Łukasz , Kayastha Pushpalata , Gawlak Magdalena , Mioduchowska Monika , Roszkowska Milena
Published: June 2022

In the present study, we used an integrative taxonomy approach to redescribe a population of Echiniscus quadrispinosus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from the neotype locality in the Taunus Mountain Range (Germany). We found clear differences in the chaetotaxy formula between the life stages of E. q. quadrispinosus. The body appendages B are, in general, absent in juveniles. Moreover, in larvae all body lateral appendages, except for E, are absent. We also obtained DNA sequences of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2, and COI of E. q. quadrispinosus from the neotype locality and three Norwegian populations. Comparison with the sequences available in GenBank showed low genetic differences between the neotypic population and specimens from other localities. Therefore, we decided to establish our specimens from Taunus Mountain Range as neotype and paraneotypes of E. q. quadrispinosus. We also discussed and amended the taxonomic status of three subspecies E. q. brachyspinosus Bartoš, 1934, E. q. cribrosus Murray, 1907 and E. q. fissispinosus Murray, 1907 and established them as junior synonyms of E. q. quadrispinosus. Finally, we also confirmed E. lichenorum Maucci, 1983 as a valid species, clearly different from E. q. quadrispinosus.
Change and Regionalism in British Cattle Husbandry in the Iron Age and Roman Period An Osteometric Approach
Authors: Duval Colin , Albarella Umberto
Published: June 2022

European communities experienced many agricultural and economic changes during the Iron Age and after the Roman conquest. Variations in livestock size and shape are direct evidence of such transformations. Based on 56,283 cattle bone measurements from 112 archaeological sites, this study aims to better define husbandry change mechanisms and diversity in Britain. Results reveal very different regional patterns, due to environmental and cultural characteristics, breeding preferences, and external contacts. Cattle size seems to reflect the uneven impact of the Iron Age economic organization on British populations, the Roman influence over production strategies, and the establishment of trade networks within Britain and with the mainland Europe. This detailed analysis of the pastoral landscape of the well-de- fined territory of Britain can help our understanding of processes of economic change in the broader area of Iron Age and Roman Europe.
Cattle Husbandry in Late- and Postmedieval England A Zooarchaeological Investigation of the Relationship between Town and Country
Authors: Fraser Tamsyn , Grau-Sologestoa Idoia
Published: June 2022

Research carried out by scholars in different academic fields has highlighted the important transformations that English farming underwent during the transition between the late medieval period and the modern era, turning the English rural world into a major driving force of socio-economic change in postmedieval times. Zooarchaeological research has suggested that cattle, being the most widely used animal for agricultural work and a key element in the diet for this pe- riod in England, played a central role in these changes. In this paper, we review all available zooarchaeological evidence regarding cattle husbandry using biometrical data, taxonomic proportions, and kill-off patterns from urban, rural, and manorial sites across England, in order to discuss the timing, regional variations, and causes of cattle “improvements” during this period. Special attention is paid to the relationship between urban, manorial, and rural sites, as trade seems to be a key element in the development of these changes in cattle husbandry.
Tú no eres tu selfie: 9 secretos digitales que todo el mundo vive y nadie cuenta de Liliana Arroyo Moliner
Authors: Poza Poyatos Alberto
Published: June 2022

LILIANA ARROYO MOLINER(Trad.) Nadia Grau AndrésTú no eres tu selfi: 9 secretos digitales que todo el mundo vive y nadie cuentaLleida: Editorial Milenio, 2020.211 páginas
Reflections on 30 years of anti-torture experiences
Authors: Iacopino Vincent
Published: June 2022

On the 30th anniversary of the Torture Journal, I offer my sincere congratulations to the Journal editors, staff and contributors for their success in providing a space for analytical and practical thinking on one of the most challenging and enduring problems of humanity – torture. Coincidentally, it was also 30 years ago when I began my own human rights journey, treating survivors and documenting clinical evidence of torture and ill-treatment. In thinking about those years, I would like to share some reflections that I hope will be useful to future generations in securing a world without torture.
Medical meanderings of the mind, looking back at 30 years of experience visiting victims of torture in custody
Authors: Reyes Hernán
Published: June 2022

The paper summarises some high points from my past field experience of thirty years, to illustrate different issues, difficulties and best practices when visiting prisoners. I recount some of my most relevant experiences, both positive and negative, with individuals who had been tortured, interviewing and examiningthem whilst they were still in custody. They might be of interest to younger generations of physicians working on these issues.The examples, all from the field, should demonstrate the importance of showing true “empathy” for the victims to obtain their trust – and hence their stories. The examplesare as varied as have been the different settings and encounters with both victims and perpetrators. I have tried to illustrate the many pitfalls to avoid and provide suggestions on how best to avoid them.
Strategic litigation against torture: Why domestic courts matter
Authors: Lisitsyna Maria
Published: June 2022

Strategic human rights litigation is often associated with filing cases before international courts and treaty bodies. While international litigation is an important avenue of seeking social change and setting new standards of rights protection, it has its limitations and needs to be combined with domestic litigation to maximize the impact of legal action for seeking accountability and reparations for torture. This article argues that significant advances in protecting the rights of victims of torture and similar crimes can be achieved through domestic courts even in countries with limited respect for the rule of law. This article is not a review of global practice, it is based on lessons and reflections from personal experience of over 25 years of strategic litigation and advocacy against torture; learnings from the work of partner organizations and lawyers from around the world, as well as the study on the impacts of strategic litigation on torture in custody published by the Open Society Justice Initiative. The article discusses selected examples of strategic human rights litigation against torture before domestic courts in different countries. It argues that domestic courts can be better placed than their international counterparts to address some of the elements of protection of victims’ rights. It does not cover universal jurisdiction cases but rather focuses on how domestic courts can be used to address torture that takes place in the same country. It concludes with lessons learned from these experiences.
Self-organization of in vitro neuronal assemblies drives to complex network topology
Authors: Antonello Priscila C , Varley Thomas F , Beggs John , Porcionatto Marimélia , Sporns Olaf , Faber Jean
Published: June 2022

Activity-dependent self-organization plays an important role in the formation of specific and stereotyped connectivity patterns in neural circuits. By combining neuronal cultures, and tools with approaches from network neuroscience and information theory, we can study how complex network topology emerges from local neuronal interactions. We constructed effective connectivity networks using a transfer entropy analysis of spike trains recorded from rat embryo dissociated hippocampal neuron cultures between 6 and 35 days in vitro to investigate how the topology evolves during maturation. The methodology for constructing the networks considered the synapse delay and addressed the influence of firing rate and population bursts as well as spurious effects on the inference of connections. We found that the number of links in the networks grew over the course of development, shifting from a segregated to a more integrated architecture. As part of this progression, three significant aspects of complex network topology emerged. In agreement with previous in silico and in vitro studies, a small-world architecture was detected, largely due to strong clustering among neurons. Additionally, the networks developed in a modular topology, with most modules comprising nearby neurons. Finally, highly active neurons acquired topological characteristics that made them important nodes to the network and integrators of modules. These findings leverage new insights into how neuronal effective network topology relates to neuronal assembly self-organization mechanisms.
Post crítica y emergencia moral
Authors:   Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (Chile), Contreras Godoy Juan-Pablo
Published: June 2022

Hoy, en el ámbito ilustrado, parece ser un lugar común decir que estaría surgiendo una nueva ética vinculada a la alarma ecológica que se encendiera, cinco décadas atrás, desde el ámbito científico ambiental. Cuestión que, por su importancia, requiere de una mayor reflexión. Por de pronto: ¿se trataría de una nueva ética o de una nueva moral? Y, sea la una o la otra, ¿qué vínculos podría tener con los procesos científico-intelectuales que realizaron tal distinción? ¿O tenemos que decir, más bien, que el protagonismo en este asunto –así como en otros– no lo ha tenido la comprensión intelectual, sino que ésta ha ido más bien a la siga del arrojo tecnológico moderno-tardío? En el presente artículo se ensayará responder a tales preguntas, avanzando una hipótesis que las vincula y que, así haciéndolo, declara si acaso el surgimiento de lo nuevo en lo normativo existencial no tendría que ser comprendido a través del complejo proceso en el que el desarrollo tecnológico –en cuanto proyección mayor de lo humano–, ha ido transformando nuestra manera de habitar y comprender haciéndonos pasar de lo analítico estructural a lo sistémico complejo dinámico.
Marta Albelda Marco y Wiltrud Mihatsch (eds.): Atenuación e intensificación en géneros discursivos
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, González Riffo Javier , Guerrero González Silvana ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: June 2022

NO PRESENTA RESUMEN
Diferencias en los índices de subordinación en textos expositivos y argumentativos escritos en japonés y español
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Muñoz Arias Edinson
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar que existen diferencias que marcan tendencia en el modo de organización del discurso entre el japonés y el español referentes a la frecuencia y utilización de las cláusulas subordinadas y coordinadas. En función de ese objetivo, se discute cómo la complejidad sintáctica se ve afectada por los tipos de textos y la pertinencia de comparar textos escritos en lenguas diferentes, en este caso el español y el japonés. Para dar cuenta de dichas diferencias se midió la complejidad sintáctica de textos escritos en estos idiomas aplicando los índices sintácticos secundarios de Kellog Hunt (1970). Se compararon textos en japonés y español escritos por “adultos lingüísticamente competentes” —académicos, escritores, columnistas, etc.— (Véliz, 1999) y expuestos en dos tipos textuales: expositivos y argumentativos (Hatim y Mason, 1995 [1990]). Los resultados muestran que efectivamente existen diferencias desde el punto de vista cuantitativo, pues los textos escritos en japonés en los modos textuales anteriormente señalados presentan mayor frecuencia de cláusulas subordinadas y coordinadas.
Sixteenth century punctuation in the "Booke of soueraigne medicines"1
Authors:   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España), Almeida Francisco Alonso , Ortega Barrera Ivalla ,   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España)
Published: June 2022

The present paper seeks to explore the uses of punctuation symbols in the "Booke of soueraigne medicines" (ca. 1550) written by John de Feckenham (1515 - ca. 1584). Sixteenth century punctuation in scientific manuscripts has been often the cinderella of this type of studies, since scholars have been generally interested in literary printed material and grammar books of the period (Howard, 1930; Ong, 1944; McKenzie, 1959; Salmon, 1962 and 1988; Clemens and Graham, 2007). In our analysis of the data, we will apply Lucas’s (1971) notion of sense-units in order to avoid imposing our modern view of syntax on the texts under scrutiny. Our methodological approach will also combine an analysis of genre variables in the texts within Feckenham’s volume, since earlier studies have shown that the generic structure of the texts is strongly linked to what Lucas has labelled as structural and interpretative-expository punctuation. We conclude that the uses of punctuation marks are clear and systematic for one specific text and scribe. This study will benefit later critical editions of this and similar texts.
Haemodynamic Effects and Quality of Intrathecal Block in Lateral Decubitus Position using 25G Whitacre versus 25G Quincke Spinal Needles- A Cohort Study
Authors: Ramdev Babita , Rathee Shivani , Neelendra Kunwar Deepak
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Various attempts have been made to manipulate the needle designs to counter the adverse effects (hypotension, postdural puncture headache) of spinal anaesthesia. This includes the modification of the tip, the location of the orifice, and the length and material of the needle. Aim: To access if a Whitacre needle is a better substitute than the classical commonly used, Quincke spinal needle along with intraoperative haemodynamic changes and quality of intrathecal block. Materials and Methods: The present stud was a hospital-based cohort study which included 100 patients in the age group of 20-50 years, who belonged to American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) Grade of I and II, and were operated on for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. They were assigned into two groups A and B, wherein group A, 25G Whitacre and in Group B, 25G Quincke needles were used respectively. The primary outcome measures were the differences in the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, and quality of sensory and motor blockade in the two groups. The t-test and Chi-square test were used. Statistical calculations were done using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 21.0 version. Results: There was a noteworthy drop in the blood pressures (Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), where the readings were - group A 117.59 mmHg, group B 117.39 mmHg, group A 73.58 mmHg, group B 73.15 mmHg, group A 88.25 mmHg, group B 87.90 mmHg. But the variance between the two needle groups was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two needles group to the quality of intrathecal block. Sensory block onset in group A (83.08±12.26 seconds), group B (81.42±17.81 seconds) with p-value 0.410. The mean bromage score in group A (2.90±0.30), group B (2.88±0.33). Conclusion: Both the needles provided excellent sensory and motor blockade and haemodynamic steadiness.
Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in Different Age Groups among Healthy School Children and its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern
Authors: Bansal Jagriti , Bisht Dakshina , Goel Varun
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is associated with increased risk for acquiring invasive disease. There exists an increasing prevalence of resistant community acquired S.aureus infections due to the nasal colonisation of S.aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S.aureus (MRSA) worldwide. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence rate of S.aureus and MRSA nasal colonisation among healthy school children and to determine its antibiotic susceptibility rate of the S.aureus isolates. Materials and Methods: The community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 344 school going children of 5-16 years of age. Samples were obtained from the anterior nares from each child and cultured on Blood Agar (BA) and Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S.aureus was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA detection was done through Cefoxitin 30 μg discs along with MIC for Oxacillin and Vancomycin simultaneously according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Results: Of the 344 children, 26 (7.55%) were found to be with nasal carriage for S.aureus of which MRSA was found to be in 12 (3.48%) isolates. S.aureus isolates exhibited resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics including Penicillin (100%), Co- trimoxazole (50%), Ciprofloxacin (15.4%), Vancomycin (7.7%), Clindamycin (7.7%), Gentamycin (7.7%). No resistance to Linezolid was observed. Conclusion: A relatively high rate of nasal carriage of S.aureus in children of age group 5-10 years was observed when compared to children of age group 11-15 years. With the risk involved transmission of infection and resistance to many classes of antibiotics among S.aureus strains exists and hence, emphasis needs to be laid to design control measures, continued surveillance and its eradication.
Skin Irritation Associated with Hand Hygiene Practice and Use of Face Mask during COVID-19 Pandemic among the People in Gazipur, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Nadia , Mirza Sohail , Nasir Morshed
Published: June 2022

Background: In COVID-19 pandemic increasing the frequency of hand washing and disinfection is the most important preventive measure of this disease which is causing in deleterious impact on skin among general population. So the aim of the study was to evaluate whether these measures are associated with development of skin damage.

Methods: This was a descriptive type of cross-sectional, observational study conducted over a period of six months from April 2021 to September 2021 including 1166 patients coming to some private clinics in Gazipur with skin manifestations. Skin diseases were diagnosed by dermatologist on basis of clinical morphology with appropriate investigations. Data were collected by structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS.

Results: Out of 1166 patients, 35.68% reported skin changes or symptoms over hands (ScH), and 13.98% reported skin changes on their face (ScF). Around 87.39% and 86.53% of the participants reported a change in hand washing habits and sanitizer using habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were signiﬁcantly higher percentage (57.21%) of skin conditions in females (ScH: 45.28% vs ScF:17.30%), 43.82% individuals were working in environments requiring frequent hand washing (ScH: 41.88% vs. ScF: 18.59%), 39.88% working in facilities where they have to interact with people during the pandemic (ScH: 42.58% vs. ScF: 19.57%), 5.75% those encountering COVID-19 patients (ScH: 49.25% vs. ScF: 25.64%), 15.78% those exposed to chemicals (ScH: 52.72% vs ScF: 25.82%), and 9.17%  healthcare workers (ScH: 57.00% vs  ScF: 31.77%). Almost 35.22% reported skin dryness, 9.44% reported changes in the texture, 13.42% reported scaling, 16.52% reported itchiness, 4.46% reported changes in skin color, 14.52% reported redness, and 4.62% reported pain/ burning, while 1.80% reported skin ulcers.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that the general population’s skin was negatively affected by COVID-19 precautions where increased frequency of hand washing and the use of alcohol-based sanitizers, overuse of soaps were contributing factors for skin disorders.
Environmental Taxation and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wisdom Okere , Apollos Nwaobia , Samuel Olaoye , Lawrence Imeokparia
Published: June 2022

The study examined the impact of environmental taxation on food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Panel data was obtained and ordinary least square regression was employed to analyze the data for the study. The findings of the study depicted environmental taxation having a negative effect with food security in sub-Saharan Africa. The recommendation which emanated from the findings is that proper carbon accounting and carbon pricing should be implemeted to ensure that firms are taxed properly as well as tax justice should be promoted. This research throws light on the contribution of accountants as well as the accounting discipline to sustainable development issues such as climate change and food security.
Financing of private investment in the view of Keynes-Minsky
Authors: Carvalho André Cutrim , Carvalho David Ferreira
Published: June 2022

The primary goal of this paper is to analyze the financing of investment and its effects on the structure of liabilities and the portfolio of a company or family and the pace of financing corporate investment assets, taking as a basis for this understanding of Keynes and Minsky. This will be described a vision of the relations of financial capitalism in terms of cash flow, and analyzed how they are related to the valuation of assets and financing of positions in the portfolio and, finally, the assumptions and elements should be implemented microeconomic analysis to macroeconomic analysis by aggregation method.
Mercado de trabalho e rotatividade no setor industrial na Bahia: conjuntura e análise
Authors: Da Silva Filho Luís Abel , Ferreira da Silva Fábio José
Published: June 2022

A discussão acerca da precarização do trabalho no Brasil faz parte de um processo de profundas transformações nas relações de produção e de trabalho. A reestruturação produtiva nacional, desencadeada nos anos de 1990, permitiu nova configuração espacial das indústrias, com grande apropriação do capital sobre o trabalho, sobretudo em regiões periféricas. O presente artigo objetiva analisar o mercado de trabalho e a rotatividade no setor industrial baiano. Os dados são da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) e do Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (CAGED) do Ministério do Trabalho e do Emprego (MTE). O recorte temporal compreende os anos de 2006-2011. Metodologicamente, recorre-se a uma revisão de literatura e em seguida à construção de indicadores de rotatividade, segundo o setor de atividade e as condicionantes demográficas e socioeconômicas da força de trabalho industrial do estado. Os resultados mostram forte concentração de indústrias no estado da Bahia, consequentemente de mão de obra ocupada. A rotatividade é acentuadamente elevada para a força de trabalho da agropecuária e da construção civil. Na indústria, registraram-se elevadas taxas de rotatividade para os homens, os jovens, com queima de postos de trabalho para aqueles com mais de 30 anos, além da rotatividade acentuada para os menos escolarizados e nos postos de trabalhos que remuneram em até um Salário Mínimo (SM).
Crescimento econômico versus desenvolvimento sustentável: uma análise das dez maiores economias mundiais sob a ótica da sustentabilidade
Authors: Budak Marília Costa Bento , Lages André Maia Gomes
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho discute se o crescimento econômico medido tradicionalmente pelos ganhos de PIB reflete em desenvolvimento sustentável. São analisadas as dez maiores economias mundiais sob a égide da sustentabilidade, através do cruzamento dos indicadores Pegada Ecológica e o Índice de Desempenho Ambiental (EPI) com os socioeconômicos, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e o PIB, respectivamente. O trabalho buscar analisar se as políticas de crescimento econômico desses países se dão sob a ótica do desenvolvimento sustentável.
Flame and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Environmental Analysis
Authors: Sperling Michael
Published: June 2022

Atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) is a well‐established technique for the quantitative determination of elements in environmental materials at trace and ultratrace levels. AAS is an optical atomic spectrometric technique based on the measurement of the specific absorption originated from the free, unionized atoms in the gas phase. For transferring the analyte to free atoms, different types ofatomizersare in use, out of which theflameand thegraphite furnaceare the most often used atomizers. Typical detection limits of flame AAS (FAAS) are of the order of 1–100 μg L−1, making it a perfect tool for the determination of minor and trace elements, at least for contaminated samples. Graphite furnace AAS (GFAAS), offering detection limits which are about a factor of 20–200 lower than for FAAS, is the standard method for many trace elements especially for background values, and for unpolluted samples, such as freshwater and biological materials. AAS in its conventional configuration is a single element technique, which has to be used in a sequential mode when more than one element has to be determined. However, there are commercial instruments available, that can be used for the determination of six to eight elements simultaneously. While most manufacturers provide instruments working with line sources, one manufacturer has commercialized high‐resolution instruments working with continuum sources (HRCS‐AAS).
Miniaturized Chemical Tags for Optical Imaging
Authors: Benson Sam , de Moliner Fabio , Tipping William , Vendrell Marc
Published: June 2022

Recent advances in optical bioimaging have prompted the need for minimal chemical reporters that can retain the molecular recognition properties and activity profiles of biomolecules. As a result, several methodologies to reduce the size of fluorescent and Raman labels to a few atoms (e.g., single aryl fluorophores, Raman‐active triple bonds and isotopes) and embed them into building blocks (e.g., amino acids, nucleobases, sugars) to construct native‐like supramolecular structures have been described. The integration of small optical reporters into biomolecules has also led to smart molecular entities that were previously inaccessible in an expedite manner. In this article, we review recent chemical approaches to synthesize miniaturized optical tags as well as some of their multiple applications in biological imaging.
Total Synthesis of Kibdelomycin
Authors: He Chi , Wang Yu , Bi Cheng , Peters David S. , Gallagher Timothy J. , Teske Johannes , Chen Jason S. , Corsetti Rachel , D'Onofrio Anthony , Lewis Kim , Baran Phil S.
Published: June 2022

A modular total synthesis of kibdelomycin is disclosed that should enable structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of this interesting class of antibiotics. The route uses simple building blocks and addresses lingering questions about its structural assignment and relationship to amycolamicin, a recently described natural product reported to have a similar structure. Initial antibacterial assays reveal that both C‐22 epimers (the N‐glycosidic linkage) of the natural product have similar activity while structurally truncated analogs lose activity.
Zero‐Dimensional Zn‐Based Halides with Ultra‐Long Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence for Time‐Resolved Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Wei Jun‐Hua , Ou Wei‐Tao , Luo Jian‐Bin , Kuang Dai‐Bin
Published: June 2022

Though fluorescence‐tag‐based anti‐counterfeiting technology has distinguished itself with cost‐effective features and huge information loading capacity, the clonable decryption process of spatial‐resolved anti‐counterfeiting cannot meet the requirements for high‐security‐level anti‐counterfeiting. Herein, we demonstrate a spatial‐time‐dual‐resolved anti‐counterfeiting system based on new organic–inorganic hybrid halides BAPPZn2(ClyBr1−y)8(BAPP=1,4‐bis(3‐ammoniopropyl)piperazinium,y=0–1) with ultra‐long room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Remarkably, the afterglow lifetime can be facilely tuned by regulating the halide‐induced heavy‐atom effect and can be identified by the naked eyes or with the help of a simple machine vision system. Therefore, the short‐lived unicolor fluorescence and lasting‐time‐tunable RTP provide the prerequisites for unicolor‐time‐resolved anti‐counterfeiting, which lowers the decryption‐device requirements and further provides the design strategy of advanced portable anti‐counterfeiting technology.
An Aminative Rearrangement of O‐(Arenesulfonyl)hydroxylamines: Facile Access to ortho‐Sulfonyl Anilines
Authors: Morrill Charlotte , Gillespie James E. , Phipps Robert J.
Published: June 2022

Ortho‐sulfonyl anilines are important building blocks for a range of applications. We report the discovery of an aromatic rearrangement reaction of O‐(arenesulfonyl)hydroxylamines which leads directly to ortho‐sulfonyl anilines through formation of a new C−N bond with excellent levels of regiocontrol for the ortho position(s) over all others. We establish that the rearrangement is proceeding through an intermolecular mechanism and propose that the regiocontrol observed is the result of attractive non‐covalent interactions occurring during the C−N bond‐forming step. Importantly, this method is complementary to classical aniline sulfonation in terms of the variously substituted regioisomers that can be obtained and it is also applicable to O‐(benzylsulfonyl) hydroxylamines.
Activation of Oxygen Species on Ag/CoAlO Catalysts to Promote CO Oxidation by Enhancing Metal‐Support Interactions
Authors: Jiang Xiaotong , Ding Tong , Gao Zhongnan , Zhao Dongyue , Tian Ye , Song Song , Li Xingang
Published: June 2022

Ag catalysts supported on cobalt‐aluminum hydrotalcite derivative (CoAlO) nanosheet for CO oxidation are reported. A facile pre‐reduction treatment on reducible CoAlO support was employed to construct more oxygen vacancies for anchoring Ag sites to tune metal‐support interactions (MSI) and improve metal dispersion. The results show that directly loading Ag on CoAlO (Ag/CoAlO) can significantly promote the generation of active oxygen species by three times. Pre‐reduction of CoAlO enhances MSI of the Ag catalyst (Ag/CoAlO‐R), which further enlarges quantity of active oxygen species. Besides, the kinetic results demonstrate that compared with Ag/CoAlO, Ag/CoAlO‐R shows the additional advantages of the lower activation energy, the higher intrinsic activity of Ag sites, and especially the decreased reaction order of O2 from 0.20 to 0. The latter one indicates that enhancing MSI can readily activate gaseous oxygen at the interface of Ag and CoAlO, and the reaction mechanism obeys a typical Mars‐van Krevelen route.
Layered Oxide Cathodes Promoted by Crystal Regulation Strategies for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Duan Liping , Li An , Xu Jianzhi , Shen Jian , Zhou Xiaosi
Published: June 2022

Layered oxide cathodes have demonstrated great potential for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) on account of high reversible capacity, appropriate diffusion paths, and low cost. However, their electrochemical performance in PIBs is generally worse than that in lithium‐ion batteries due to large structural changes and deformations during charging and discharging. To improve their potassium storage performance, a series of strategies have been developed in recent studies. In this review, we summarize the latest advancements in layered oxide cathodes for PIBs through different crystal regulation strategies, including transition metal layer doping, potassium content optimization, oxygen partial substitution, functional morphology construction and air stability improvement. Meanwhile, the relationship between the electrochemical properties and structural evolution of these modified cathodes is also investigated. In addition, the challenges and prospects of these layered oxide cathodes in PIBs are analyzed in detail, providing constructive insights for future applications of PIBs.
Force Dependent Barriers from Analytic Potentials within Elastic Environments
Authors: Khodayeki Samaneh , Maftuhin Wafa , Walter Michael
Published: June 2022

Bond rupture under the action of external forces is usually induced by temperature fluctuations, where the key quantity is the force dependent barrier that needs to be overcome. Using analytic potentials we find that these barriers are fully determined by the dissociation energy and the maximal force the potential can withstand. The barrier shows a simple dependence on these two quantities that allows for a re‐interpretation of the Eyring‐Zhurkov‐Bell length
and the expressions in theories going beyond that. It is shown that solely elastic environments do not change this barrier in contrast to the predictions of constraint geometry simulate external force (COGEF) strategies. The findings are confirmed by explicit calculations of bond rupture in a polydimethylsiloxane model.
Personality assessment inventory items in relation to patient‐ and therapist‐rated alliance
Authors: Cersosimo Bianca H. , Hilsenroth Mark J. , Bornstein Robert F. , Gold Jerold R. , Blais Mark A.
Published: June 2022

Based on the results of prior research, we examined relationships between Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) items on clinical scales of antisocial features (ANT) and anxiety‐related disorders (ARD) with patient‐ and therapist‐rated alliance early in treatment (third or fourth session). We also explored the relationship between the PAI treatment rejection scale (RXR) and early session therapist‐rated alliance, despite null findings in previous work. We used PAI protocols from a clinical outpatient sample (N = 80). Data were analysed using backwards linear regressions. Results indicated that a group of ANT items from different ANT subscales predicted patient‐rated therapeutic alliance, F(8,59) = 5.182, p = .000, R2 of .413, f2 = 0.70. Additionally, a group of ARD items from different ARD subscales significantly predicted therapist‐rated alliance, F(6,62) = 3.007, p = .012, R2 of .225, f2 = 0.29. No significant relationships were found for RXR items and therapist‐rated alliance, consistent with prior findings. Clinical implications are discussed.
NiFe Alloy Electrocatalysts toward Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Xinwei , Chai Chunxiao , Qin Jiaqi , Guo Yizheng , Wang Chunxiao , Gao Rui , Cong Yuanyuan , Song Yujiang
Published: June 2022

We report the pyrolysis of NiFe‐containing nanocrystals, which leads to 10.2±2.4 nm NiFe alloy particles embedded in carbon with an exceptional area specific exchange current density of 0.048 mA cmNi−2 toward the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The high activity primarily originates from optimized hydrogen and hydroxyl adsorption strength due to alloying effect between Ni and Fe.
In‐plane Extended Nano‐coulter Counter (XnCC) for the Label‐free Electrical Detection of Biological Particles
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Vaidyanathan Swarnagowri , Bhanja Payel , Gamage Sachindra , Saha Subhrajit , McKinney Collin , Choi Junseo , Park Sunggook , Pahattuge Thilanga , Wijerathne Harshani , Jackson Joshua M. , Huppert Mateusz L. , Witek Małgorzata A. , Soper Steven A.
Published: June 2022

We report an in‐plane extended nanopore Coulter counter (XnCC) chip fabricated in a thermoplastic via imprinting. The fabrication of the sensor utilized both photolithography and focused ion beam milling to make the microfluidic network and the in‐plane pore sensor, respectively, in Si from which UV resin stamps were generated followed by thermal imprinting to produce the final device in the appropriate plastic (cyclic olefin polymer, COP). As an example of the utility of this in‐plane extended nanopore sensor, we enumerated SARS‐CoV‐2 viral particles (VPs) affinity‐selected from saliva and extracellular vesicles (EVs) affinity‐selected from plasma samples secured from mouse models exposed to different ionizing radiation doses.
Neural mechanisms underlying social recognition and theory of mind in adolescent patients with bulimia nervosa and transdiagnostic comparison with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ruan Vanessa Ande , Hartz Arne , Hueck Manuel , Dahmen Brigitte , von Polier Georg , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Konrad Kerstin , Schulte‐Rüther Martin , Seitz Jochen
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Theory of mind (ToM) is important for social interactions and typical development and has been found to be impaired in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Hypoactivation in frontotemporal brain regions seems to be the underlying neural mechanism in AN while whole‐brain analyses in BN are lacking.

Methods

We used the well‐validated social recognition task fMRI paradigm to assess ToM in a total of 72 female adolescents (16 BN, 18 AN and 38 matched healthy controls [HC]).

Results

Compared to HCBN, patients with BN showed hyperactivity during ToM‐activity in the right frontal pole, middle temporal gyrus and left temporal pole and differed fundamentally from hypoactivation in these regions observed in patients with AN before and after short‐term weight rehabilitation. Interaction and overlap analyses confirmed that similar regions were affected in opposite directions in both diseases. Hyperactivations in BN in the right middle temporal gyrus and right frontal pole were associated with clinical BN‐severity markers binging and purging frequency.

Discussion

The hyperactivation in BN suggest different underlying neural mechanisms for ToM compared to AN. Hyperactivity might correspond to a different but also ineffective cognitive style in patients with BN when approaching social interactions. These important transdiagnostic differences are relevant for future brain‐targeted therapeutic approaches.
How profitable is switchgrass in Illinois, USA? An economic definition of marginal land
Authors: Namoi Nictor , Archer David , Rosenstock Todd S. , Jang Chunhwa , Lin Cheng‐Hsien , Boe Arvid , Lee DoKyoung
Published: June 2022

Background

Decisions regarding the conversion of land from an existing crop to bioenergy crops are critical for the sustainable production of both food and fuels. This study seeks to establish criteria for delineating land as “economically marginal”, and thus suited for growing switchgrass.

Methods

In this case study of an Illinois agricultural field, the profitability of switchgrass, with farmgate prices of $44 Mg−1, $66 Mg−1, or $88 Mg−1, was compared to corn and soybean crop prices. Further, the study also evaluates the profitability of switchgrass when replacing corn‐based yield estimates from the Soil Productivity Index (SPI) of Illinois.

Results

Based on a dry‐matter yield of 10.45 Mg ha−1, switchgrass can compete with soybeans only at the high price of $88 Mg−1, but depending on location, can compete with corn at $66 Mg−1. Across Illinois, at $88 ha−1, all Illinois land with SPI < 100% and 95% of land under SPI class C (SPI 100–116) is profitable under switchgrass. Switchgrass may not be profitable relative to corn grown in the SPI class A (SPI > 133) and only 7% of class B (SPI 117–132).

Conclusions

Our results show that land with drainage and erosion limitations is economically marginal when corn and soybean yields are low, and the farmgate price for switchgrass is greater than $66 Mg−1. However, this may not be possible on land where switchgrass is replacing frequent soybean rotations (corn–soybean ratio ≤ 1). Land used to produce only soybeans may only be marginal at the farmgate price of $88 Mg−1. Further studies need to be conducted to identify how much land can be converted to switchgrass without harming corn production.
Peri‐ictal hypoxemia during temporal lobe seizures: A SEEG study
Authors: Jung Julien , Bouet Romain , Catenoix Hélène , Montavont Alexandra , Isnard Jean , Boulogne Sébastien , Guénot Marc , Ryvlin Philippe , Rheims Sylvain
Published: June 2022

Focal seizures originating from the temporal lobe are commonly associated with peri‐ictal hypoxemia (PIH). During the course of temporal lobe seizures, epileptic discharges often not only spread within various parts of the temporal lobe but also possibly insula and frontal lobe. The link between spatial propagation of the seizure discharges and PIH is still unclear. The present study investigates the involvement of several brain structures including medial temporal structures, temporal pole, anterior insula, and frontal cortex in the occurrence of PIH. Using quantitative indices obtained during SEEG (stereoencephalography) recordings in 38 patients, we evaluated the epileptogenicity, the spatial propagation, and functional connectivity between those structures during seizures leading to PIH. Multivariate statistical analyses of SEEG quantitative indices showed that temporal lobe seizures leading to PIH are characterized by a strong involvement of amygdala and anterior insula during seizure propagation and a more widespread involvement of medial temporal lobe structures, lateral temporal lobe, temporal pole, and anterior cingulate at the end of the seizures. On the contrary, seizure‐onset zone was not associated with PIH occurrence. During seizure propagation, anterior insula, temporal pole, and temporal lateral neocortex activities were correlated with intensity of PIH. Lastly, PIH occurrence was also related to a widespread increase of synchrony between those structures. Those results suggest that PIH occurrence during temporal lobe seizures may be related to the activation of a widespread network of cortical structures, among which amygdala and anterior insula are key nodes.