bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improves survival in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wei Shilin , Cheng Xingdong , Li Jian , Zhai Kerong , Huang Jian , Wang Shixiong , Li Yongnan , Liu Debin
Published: January 2023

Background

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) has been widely used in high‐risk acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with promising outcomes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown and a VA‐ECMO animal model has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to establish a VA‐ECMO model in AMI rats and evaluate long‐term cardiac function.

Methods

We first established AMI in 20 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, while five rats underwent a thoracotomy to form the sham group. VA‐ECMO was established after 30mins of AMI in 10 rats through the right jugular vein for venous drainage and right femoral artery for arterial infusion. Arterial blood pressure was monitored using a catheter in the left femoral artery, blood gas parameters were measured using a blood gas analyzer, while myocardial enzymes were detected using an ELISA Kit. Cardiac function was assessed through echocardiography on day 15. Masson staining and Western Blot were used for evaluating myocardial fibrosis, while histological injury was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results

VA‐ECMO support stabilized blood pressure, decreased the levels of myocardial enzymes including cTnI, cTnT, CK‐MB, and was associated with a higher survival rate. In the long term, the VA‐ECMO group showed improved cardiac function, significantly increased EF and FS but significantly decreased EDV and ESV compared to the AMI group. Furthermore, VA‐ECMO significantly alleviated pathological damage and myocardial fibrosis.

Conclusion

We established an economical, reliable, and reproducible VA‐ECMO animal model in AMI rats, and demonstrated that VA‐ECMO support prevents deteriorated cardiac function.
Australian perspective on engaging with South Korea in the Indo‐Pacific
Authors: Kim Jiye , Raswant Arpit
Published: January 2023

How do the US allies engage with other actors in the US‐led Indo‐Pacific security order? This article examines this question in the case of Australia. We argue that the regional strategic network is a key consideration for Australia to facilitate its interaction with a target country in the Indo‐Pacific. This article analyzes Australia's approach toward South Korea as an example demonstrating the significance of the regional strategic network in shaping Australia's diplomacy. It does so by addressing the following three questions. First, what is Australia's vision for the Indo‐Pacific? Second, how does Australia perceive South Korea's role in the Indo‐Pacific? Third, how does Australia's Indo‐Pacific vision find the relevance of South Korea for Australia's security interests? The article elucidates that Australia's view on South Korea's place in the Indo‐Pacific security network influences Australia's interaction with South Korea and consequently plays an integral part in the US‐led regional security order‐building process.
Treating bipolar depression with esketamine: Safety and effectiveness data from a naturalistic multicentric study on esketamine in bipolar versus unipolar treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Martinotti Giovanni , Dell'Osso Bernardo , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Maina Giuseppe , Bertolino Alessandro , Clerici Massimo , Barlati Stefano , Rosso Gianluca , Di Nicola Marco , Marcatili Matteo , d'Andrea Giacomo , Cavallotto Clara , Chiappini Stefania , De Filippis Sergio , Nicolò Giuseppe , De Fazio Pasquale , Andriola Ileana , Zanardi Raffaella , Nucifora Domenica , Di Mauro Stefania , Bassetti Roberta , Pettorruso Mauro , McIntyre Roger S. , Sensi Stefano L. , di Giannantonio Massimo , Vita Antonio ,   the REAL‐ESK Study Group
Published: January 2023

Background

Bipolar depression accounts for most of the disease duration in type I and type II bipolar disorder (BD), with few treatment options, often poorly tolerated. Many individuals do not respond to first‐line therapeutic options, resulting in treatment‐resistant bipolar depression (B‐TRD). Esketamine, the S‐enantiomer of ketamine, has recently been approved for treatment‐resistant depression (TRD), but no data are available on its use in B‐TRD.

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of esketamine in two samples of unipolar and bipolar TRD, providing preliminary indications of its effectiveness in B‐TRD. Secondary outcomes included the evaluation of the safety and tolerability of esketamine in B‐TRD, focusing on the average risk of an affective switch.

Methods

Thirty‐five B‐TRD subjects treated with esketamine nasal spray were enrolled and compared with 35 TRD patients. Anamnestic data and psychometric assessments (Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale/MADRS, Hamilton‐depression scale/HAM‐D, Hamilton‐anxiety scale/HAM‐A) were collected at baseline (T0), at one month (T1), and three months (T2) follow up.

Results

A significant reduction in depressive symptoms was found at T1 and T2 compared to T0, with no significant differences in response or remission rates between subjects with B‐TRD and TRD. Esketamine showed a greater anxiolytic action in subjects with B‐TRD than in those with TRD. Improvement in depressive symptoms was not associated with treatment‐emergent affective switch.

Conclusions

Our results supported the effectiveness and tolerability of esketamine in a real‐world population of subjects with B‐TRD. The low risk of manic switch in B‐TRD patients confirmed the safety of this treatment.
Multilevel SEM with random slopes in discrete data using the pairwise maximum likelihood
Authors: Barendse Maria T. , Rosseel Yves
Published: January 2023

Pairwise maximum likelihood (PML) estimation is a promising method for multilevel models with discrete responses. Multilevel models take into account that units within a cluster tend to be more alike than units from different clusters. The pairwise likelihood is then obtained as the product of bivariate likelihoods for all within‐cluster pairs of units and items. In this study, we investigate the PML estimation method with computationally intensive multilevel random intercept and random slope structural equation models (SEM) in discrete data. In pursuing this, we first reconsidered the general ‘wide format’ (WF) approach for SEM models and then extend the WF approach with random slopes. In a small simulation study we the determine accuracy and efficiency of the PML estimation method by varying the sample size (250, 500, 1000, 2000), response scales (two‐point, four‐point), and data‐generating model (mediation model with three random slopes, factor model with one and two random slopes). Overall, results show that the PML estimation method is capable of estimating computationally intensive random intercept and random slopes multilevel models in the SEM framework with discrete data and many (six or more) latent variables with satisfactory accuracy and efficiency. However, the condition with 250 clusters combined with a two‐point response scale shows more bias.
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome 2 with biallelic novel CEP57 splice site variation in Indian siblings: Expanding the clinical and molecular spectrum
Authors: Langeh Nitika , Saluja Sumedha , Ethayathulla Abdul Samath , Jana Manisha , Shukla Rashmi , Palanichamy Jayanth Kumar , Gupta Neerja
Published: January 2023

Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome 2 (MVA2) (MIM# 614114) is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by biallelic loss of function variants in the CEP57 gene. MVA2 is characterized by a variable phenotype ranging from poor growth to facial dysmorphism, short stature and congenital heart defects. Only 11 families and 5 pathogenic variants of MVA2 have been described so far. Intragenic duplication of 11 nucleotides (c.915_925dup11) in homozygous or compound heterozygous state is the commonest genetic aberration (10/13). We describe the first Indian family with two siblings with a novel homozygous splice site variant (c.382+2T>C) in CEP57. Molecular characterization demonstrated skipping of exon 3 due to the variant with protein modeling predicting subsequent complete loss of function. This is the first report of a splice site variation in CEP57 leading to MVA2.
Joint longitudinal and time‐to‐event modelling compared with standard Cox modelling in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without established cardiovascular disease: An analysis of the EXSCEL trial
Authors: Oulhaj Abderrahim , Aziz Faisal , Suliman Abubaker , Iqbal Nayyar , Coleman Ruth L. , Holman Rury R. , Sourij Harald
Published: January 2023

Aim

To demonstrate the gain in predictive performance when cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction tools (RPTs) incorporate repeated rather than only single measurements of risk factors.

Materials and methods

We used data from the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) trial to compare the quality of predictions of future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with the Cox proportional hazards model (using single values of risk factors) compared to the Bayesian joint model (using repeated measures of risk factors). The risk of MACE was calculated in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without established CVD. We assessed the predictive ability of the following cardiovascular risk factors: glycated haemoglobin, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), non‐HDL‐C, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) using the time‐dependent area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (aROC) for discrimination and the time‐dependent Brier score for calibration.

Results

In participants without history of CVD, the aROC of SBP increased from 0.62 to 0.69 when repeated rather than only single measurements of SBP were incorporated into the predictive model. Similarly, the aROC increased from 0.67 to 0.80 when repeated rather than only single measurements of both SBP and LDL‐C were incorporated into the predictive model. For all other investigated cardiovascular risk factors, the measures of discrimination and calibration both improved when using the joint model as compared to the Cox proportional hazards model. The improvement was evident in participants with and without history of CVD but was more pronounced in the latter group.

Conclusions

The analysis demonstrates that the joint modelling approach, considering trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors, provides superior predictive performance compared to standard RPTs that use only a single timepoint.
Modelling the population dynamics of an exploited, tropical fish species playing a fundamental role in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Benito Erika J. , Ladino Lilia M. , Ramírez‐Gil Hernando
Published: January 2023

The coporo, Prochilodus mariae, plays a fundamental role in aquatic ecosystems as a detritivorous species facilitating the flow of carbon to the rest of the ecosystem's food web. It is also one of the most exploited freshwater fish species. Fishing, pollution and environmental changes in the Orinoquia region of Colombia have considerably reduced its population size. We analysed the population dynamics of P. mariae during an annual river cycle, including extreme drought and flood scenarios, by means of a mathematical model and simulations. The model we propose is novel because it relates biological, ecological and environmental factors to the population dynamics, including reproduction, growth in size and biomass of fish, recruitment, predation, fishing mortality and river flow. The proposed mathematical model apparently gives an approximate description of the population dynamics of P. mariae for 2010 because a good fit of the model to the catch data of the species of that year was obtained. The simulations showed that the first 3 months of the year are crucial for the species because this is when it is most affected by a combination of fishing, biological factors which increase natural mortality (e.g. upstream migration and predation) and environmental factors (e.g. low river flow). Hypothetical scenarios show that local extinction could occur if fishing were to increase and river flow were to decrease.
Characterization, pathogenicity and host range studies of Paecilomyces formosus associated with dieback of Christ's thorn trees (Paliurus spina‐christi Mill.) in Iran
Authors: Rostami Taha , Jamali Samad
Published: January 2023

Christ's thorn (Paliurus spina‐christi Mill.) tree is an important and valuable forestry species and has significant potential in afforestation and reforestation systems. In recent years, dieback symptoms were observed on Paliurus spina‐christi trees in Gilan‐e Gharb region of Kermanshah province, west Iran. During 2020 to 2021, Christ's thorn trees that exhibit branch dieback symptoms were sampled for fungal isolations. The pathogenicity tests, biochemical assay of growth, acid production on creatine sucrose agar (CREA) medium and morphological and molecular investigations (ITS and β‐tubulin regions) identified Paecilomyces formosus as a dieback causal agent. This is the first report of P. formosus pathogenicity on Paliurus spina‐christi trees. Furthermore, disease severity was assayed on 11 tree species under three different temperatures 15, 25 and 35°C. Disease severity caused by all isolates on detached branches was greater at 35°C than at 15 and 25°C. This study presents the host range of this pathogen and showed that these potential hosts are prone to this pathogen under high temperatures, which forest trees experienced in recent decades.
Bacterial usurpation of the OTU deubiquitinase fold
Authors: Pruneda Jonathan N. , Nguyen Justine V. , Nagai Hiroki , Kubori Tomoko
Published: January 2023

The extensive cellular signalling events controlled by posttranslational ubiquitination are tightly regulated through the action of specialized proteases termed deubiquitinases. Among them, the OTU family of deubiquitinases can play very specialized roles in the regulation of discrete subtypes of ubiquitin signals that control specific cellular functions. To exert control over host cellular functions, some pathogenic bacteria have usurped the OTU deubiquitinase fold as a secreted virulence factor that interferes with ubiquitination inside infected cells. Herein, we provide a review of the function of bacterial OTU deubiquitinases during infection, the structural basis for their deubiquitinase activities and the bioinformatic approaches leading to their identification. Understanding bacterial OTU deubiquitinases holds the potential for discoveries not only in bacterial pathogenesis but in eukaryotic biology as well.
The Drosophila dopamine 2‐like receptor D2R (Dop2R) is required in the blood brain barrier for male courtship
Authors: Love Cameron R. , Gautam Sumit , Lama Chamala , Le Nhu Hoa , Dauwalder Brigitte
Published: January 2023

The blood brain barrier (BBB) has the essential function to protect the brain from potentially hazardous molecules while also enabling controlled selective uptake. How these processes and signaling inside BBB cells control neuronal function is an intense area of interest. Signaling in the adult Drosophila BBB is required for normal male courtship behavior and relies on male‐specific molecules in the BBB. Here we show that the dopamine receptor D2R is expressed in the BBB and is required in mature males for normal mating behavior. Conditional adult male knockdown of D2R in BBB cells causes courtship defects. The courtship defects observed in genetic D2R mutants can be rescued by expression of normal D2R specifically in the BBB of adult males. Drosophila BBB cells are glial cells. Our findings thus identify a specific glial function for the DR2 receptor and dopamine signaling in the regulation of a complex behavior.
Iron‐mediated anaerobic ammonium oxidation recorded in the early Archean ferruginous ocean
Authors: Pellerin Alice , Thomazo Christophe , Ader Magali , Marin‐Carbonne Johanna , Alleon Julien , Vennin Emmanuelle , Hofmann Axel
Published: January 2023

The nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter is controlled by metabolic activity and redox speciation and has therefore largely been used to uncover the early evolution of life and ocean oxygenation. Specifically, positive δ15N values found in well‐preserved sedimentary rocks are often interpreted as reflecting the stability of a nitrate pool sustained by water column partial oxygenation. This study adds much‐needed data to the sparse Paleoarchean record, providing carbon and nitrogen concentrations and isotopic compositions for more than fifty samples from the 3.4 Ga Buck Reef Chert sedimentary deposit (BRC, Barberton Greenstone Belt). In the overall anoxic and ferruginous conditions of the BRC depositional environment, these samples yield positive δ15N values up to +6.1‰. We argue that without a stable pool of nitrates, these values are best explained by non‐quantitative oxidation of ammonium via the Feammox pathway, a metabolic co‐cycling between iron and nitrogen through the oxidation of ammonium in the presence of iron oxides. Our data contribute to the understanding of how the nitrogen cycle operated under reducing, anoxic, and ferruginous conditions, which are relevant to most of the Archean. Most importantly, they invite to carefully consider the meaning of positive δ15N signatures in Archean sediments.
Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast ductal carcinoma in situ correlate with adverse pathological parameters
Authors: Zeng Lixia , Koh Valerie Cui Yun , Chen Xiao‐Yang , Tan Puay Hoon
Published: January 2023

Aims

To investigate tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast and their correlation with pathological features, immune cell markers and clinical outcomes.

Methods and results

Morphological identification of TLSs in 198 DCIS cases incorporated B and T cell zones with high endothelial venules. TLS positivity was defined as ≥ 1 TLSs in lesional areas, while TLS area percentage was divided into two categories: low (TLSs < 5%) and high (TLSs ≥ 5%). Previously reported biomarkers included ER, PR, HER2, CD68, CD163, CD4, CD8 and PD‐L1. TLSs were observed in 24.7% (49 of 198) of cases, with a mean diameter of 0.44 mm (median = 0.4 mm, range = 0.12–1.43 mm). TLSs were significantly associated with higher nuclear grade, presence of necrosis, hormone receptor negativity/HER2 positivity, triple negativity, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune related biomarkers such as FOXP3, CD163, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio (all P < 0.05). There were no significant associations between TLSs and recurrence, but a combination of TLSshigh with FOXP3+, CD4high, CD4/CD8 ratiohigh and CD68high individually, compared with all other combinations, disclosed significantly poorer disease‐free survival (DFS) for ipsilateral invasive recurrence (IIR) on both Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

TLSs in DCIS were associated with unfavourable prognostic features, TILs and immune cell markers in our study. TLSshigh/FoxP3+, TLSshigh/CD4high, TLSshigh/(CD4/CD8) ratiohigh and TLSshigh/CD68high were independent factors for poorer DFS for IIR. Further exploration of the pathological significance of TLSs may provide a clinical basis for their recognition as an important structure and functional unit in the tumour immune microenvironment.
Revealing the tension: The relationship between high fall risk categorization and low patient mobility
Authors: Capo‐Lugo Carmen E. , Young Daniel L. , Farley Holley , Aquino Carla , McLaughlin Kevin , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Friedman Lisa Aronson , Kumble Sowmya , Hoyer Erik H.
Published: January 2023

Background

Using an inpatient fall risk assessment tool helps categorize patients into risk groups which can then be targeted with fall prevention strategies. While potentially important in preventing patient injury, fall risk assessment may unintentionally lead to reduced mobility among hospitalized patients. Here we examined the relationship between fall risk assessment and ambulatory status among hospitalized patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutively admitted adult patients (n = 48,271) to a quaternary urban hospital that provides care for patients of broad socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds. Non‐ambulatory status, the primary outcome, was defined as a median Johns Hopkins Highest Level of Mobility <6 (i.e., patient walks less than 10 steps) throughout hospitalization. The primary exposure variable was the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JHFRAT) category (Low, Moderate, High). The capacity to ambulate was assessed using the Activity Measure for Post‐Acute Care (AM‐PAC). Multivariable regression analysis controlled for clinical demographics, JHFRAT items, AM‐PAC, comorbidity count, and length of stay.

Results

8% of patients at low risk for falls were non‐ambulatory, compared to 25% and 54% of patients at moderate and high risk for falls, respectively. Patients categorized as high risk and moderate risk for falls were 4.6 (95% CI: 3.9–5.5) and 2.6 (95% CI: 2.4–2.9) times more likely to be non‐ambulatory compared to patients categorized as low risk, respectively. For patients with high ambulatory potential (AM‐PAC 18–24), those categorized as high risk for falls were 4.3 (95% CI: 3.5–5.3) times more likely to be non‐ambulatory compared to patients categorized as low risk.

Conclusions

Patients categorized into higher fall risk groups had decreased mobility throughout their hospitalization, even when they had the functional capacity to ambulate.
Neuron‐restrictive silencer factor/repressor element 1‐silencing transcription factor (NRSF/REST) controls spatial K+ buffering in primary cortical astrocytes
Authors: Centonze Eleonora , Marte Antonella , Albini Martina , Rocchi Anna , Cesca Fabrizia , Chiacchiaretta Martina , Floss Thomas , Baldelli Pietro , Ferroni Stefano , Benfenati Fabio , Valente Pierluigi
Published: January 2023

Neuron‐restrictive silencer factor/repressor element 1 (RE1)‐silencing transcription factor (NRSF/REST) is a transcriptional repressor of a large cluster of neural genes containing RE1 motifs in their promoter region. NRSF/REST is ubiquitously expressed in non‐neuronal cells, including astrocytes, while it is down‐regulated during neuronal differentiation. While neuronal NRSF/REST homeostatically regulates intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission, the role of the high NRSF/REST expression levels in the homeostatic functions of astrocytes is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the functional consequences of NRSF/REST deletion in primary cortical astrocytes derived from NRSF/REST conditional knockout mice (KO). We found that NRSF/REST KO astrocyte displayed a markedly reduced activity of inward rectifying K+ channels subtype 4.1 (Kir4.1) underlying spatial K+ buffering that was associated with a decreased expression and activity of the glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1) responsible for glutamate uptake by astrocytes. The effects of the impaired astrocyte homeostatic functions on neuronal activity were investigated by co‐culturing wild‐type hippocampal neurons with NRSF/REST KO astrocytes. Interestingly, neurons experienced increased neuronal excitability at high firing rates associated with decrease after hyperpolarization and increased amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents. The data indicate that astrocytic NRSF/REST directly participates in neural circuit homeostasis by regulating intrinsic excitability and excitatory transmission and that dysfunctions of NRSF/REST expression in astrocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.

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Nurses knowledge, attitudes and education needs towards acute pain management in hospital settings: A meta‐analysis
Authors: McCabe Catherine , Feeney Aoife , Basa Muluken , Eustace‐Cook Jessica , McCann Margaret
Published: January 2023

Background

Effective pain assessment and management is widely reported as sub optimal due to inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes among nurses.

Aim

To determine nurses’ attitudes, knowledge and education needs towards acute pain management in acute hospital settings

Methods

PRISMA (2021) and guidelines from the University of York, CRD (2009) informed the design and conduct of this review. We included studies with registered nurses involved in direct adult patient care and acute pain management in hospital settings.

Seven databases were searched (10 June 2020 and 21 January 2022): Medline (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), Web of Science and the WHO Library Global Index Medicus.

The review outcomes were nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and education needs towards acute pain assessment and management. The CASP Cohort Assessment tool was used to independently conduct a quality assessment of included studies. Data extraction was conducted by paired reviewers working independently of each other. A meta‐analysis of findings relating to nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards acute pain management was undertaken using MedCalc software.

Results

Ten articles with 1,478 participants met the inclusion criteria. Five studies addressed the review items of knowledge and attitudes while the remaining studies focused on knowledge alone. No study measured educational needs. This meta‐analysis found that only 45.59% (95% CI: 20.46–71.97) of the 1090 respondents had adequate or above adequate levels of knowledge about acute pain management. The proportion of participants with positive attitudes was 25.76% (95% CI: 11.01–44.12).

Discussion

High levels of variability exists across the included studies which reduces their comparability. To improve homogeneity and comparability, adaptation of instruments should be kept to a minimum. Reporting knowledge and attitudes separately may highlight education, both theoretical and clinical as the focus for improving assessment and management of acute pain.
Some observations on remote delivery of eye‐movement desensitisation and reprocessing to people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Unwin Gemma , Stenfert‐Kroese Biza , Rogers Gemma , Swain Sophie , Hiles Steve , Clifford Clair , Farrell Derek , Willner Paul
Published: January 2023

It is increasingly recognised that many people with intellectual disabilities suffer from post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Eye‐movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) has been proposed as a potentially helpful intervention that is less reliant on verbal skills than other effective treatments for PTSD and therefore could be more effective than verbal interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. The Trauma‐AID project is a randomised clinical trial (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness of a bespoke EMDR protocol for adults with intellectual disability and PTSD, which incorporates a prolonged phase of Psycho‐Education and Stabilisation (PES) prior to the trauma confrontation phase of EMDR. The COVID‐19 pandemic struck during the feasibility phase of the Trauma‐AID project, necessitating a second feasibility study to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of remote or hybrid delivery of the PES + EMDR protocol. To this end, we conducted two online surveys of therapists followed by interviews with clients, carers and senior therapists. The surveys were analysed descriptively. Content analysis was used for client and carer interviews, and framework analysis for therapist interviews. All stakeholders reported positive experiences of EMDR; however, some challenges were identified. The majority of clients, carers and therapists interviewed reported that the intervention, whether PES alone or the full PES‐EMDR package, had improved symptoms of PTSD and psychological well‐being, and carers also reported decreases in challenging behaviour. A full account of the data is provided in four Supplementary Digital files. PES‐EMDR therapy appears both feasible and acceptable for clients with intellectual disabilities and therapists, whether delivered face‐to‐face or in a remote or hybrid mode, though remote working appears easier for the PES phase than the EMDR phase of the intervention.
Survival, remission, and quality of life in diabetic cats
Authors: Rothlin‐Zachrisson Ninni , Öhlund Malin , Röcklinsberg Helena , Ström Holst Bodil
Published: January 2023

Background

Remission is documented in a substantial proportion of cats with diabetes. The effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the lives of cats and their owners should be considered when evaluating treatment success.

Objectives

To study outcome in cats with DM and the impact DM has on the life situation of cat and owner.

Animals

Domestic and pedigree cats with a diagnosis of DM (n = 477) insured by a Swedish insurance company during 2009 to 2013.

Methods

Retrospective cross‐sectional study. A questionnaire was sent to 1369 owners of cats diagnosed with DM. The questions concerned the cat, treatment, owner perceptions of the disease and treatment and disease outcome. Data were analyzed using multiple linear and logistic regression, with outcomes set as survival for more than 4 weeks after diagnosis, survival time, achieving remission, remission without relapse and quality of life (QoL) for the cat.

Results

The response rate was 35%, leaving 477 questionnaires for analysis. The remission rate among treated cats was 29% (118/405). Feeding a commercially available wet diet was associated with both remission (OR 3.16, 95% confidence interval 1.27‐8.12) and remission without relapse (OR 14.8, 95% confidence interval 2.25‐153.8). Remission was associated with a better QoL for the cat.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The association between feeding a commercially available wet diet and remission is important and strengthens the role of diet in treatment of DM in cats. Linking remission and a better QoL for the cat emphasizes remission as a goal in disease management.
Association of proteinuria and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in the general population: A prospective study of Kailuan study participants
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Yueying , Qi Wenwei , Zhang Nan , Tse Gary , Li Guangping , Wu Shouling , Liu Tong
Published: January 2023

Background

Proteinuria is a well‐known cardiovascular risk factor, but whether it independently increases the risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) in Chinese population is unknown. To address this deficiency, herein, we investigated the association between proteinuria detected using urine dipstick test and the risk of AF.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study of Kailuan study participants who underwent the 2006–2007 and 2010–2011 health checkups and was free from AF. Participants were classified into four groups based on the level of proteinuria: [−, trace (±), 1+, ≥2+]. The outcome was incident AF as confirmed by 12‐lead electrocardiography.

Results

During a median of 11.90 years of follow‐up, we documented 514 incident AF cases among 60,599 participants. Proteinuria was found in 6302 (10.40%) participants. Relative to participants without proteinuria at the baseline, those with proteinuria (≥2+) had an 83.9% higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.073–3.154, p = .0267) of developing AF, after adjusted for confounding variables. The result was consistent in the sensitivity analysis. Compared to consistently negative proteinuria, the risk of AF significantly increased in the aggravated proteinuria group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.552, 95% CI 1.140–2.114) and the persistent proteinuria group (HR 2.485, 95% CI 1.414–4.366). Among participants with resolved proteinuria (from positive to negative), the risk of incident AF was not significantly increased compared to those with persistently negative proteinuria (HR 1.300, 95% CI 0.743–2.276).

Conclusions

Proteinuria could be a modifiable risk factor for predicting AF development. Knowing the presence of proteinuria may improve risk stratification for decision‐making about AF prevention.
Disentangling the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic seed dispersal factors in forest restoration success: a global review
Authors: Selwyn Miriam , Pino Joan , Espelta Josep Maria
Published: January 2023

Animal‐mediated seed dispersal is envisaged as a key process to promote forest restoration success. Yet, we lack a comprehensive knowledge of the contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic factors which directly and indirectly influence this process and, ultimately, restoration outcomes. Here, we reviewed 157 articles to identify the most relevant intrinsic (e.g., plant and animal species traits) and extrinsic (e.g., connectivity) factors which mediate the seed dispersal process. We analyzed the contribution of such factors to restoration success, as identified in the reviewed articles, globally and for tropical and temperate biomes. Generally, our analysis revealed that the main factors affecting restoration success were the extrinsic ones (i.e., connectivity, type of restoration conducted, forest protection, and disturbance degree), while the ability of animals to achieve long‐distance dispersal was the main intrinsic factor. Differences among biomes were observed for extrinsic factors, specifically for restoration approach, as more intense efforts seem to be needed for successful restoration in tropical systems (i.e., reconstructive restoration), whereas assisted restoration (e.g., perch placements) was mostly enough for temperate ones. Within intrinsic factors, rodent frugivory and “large‐sized” seeds were related to unsuccessful restoration in tropical forests, while frugivory by carnivores and “small‐sized” seeds favored restoration in temperate ones, and the main constraint to success in this biome was ungulate frugivory. Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic factors mediating animal seed dispersal in forest restoration in different biomes. Furthermore, this paper will help to promote adequate measures when planning restoration actions.
Strengthening the complaint mechanisms of multilateral climate funds and carbon markets: A critical step towards a human rights‐based green transition
Authors: Antoniazzi Chiara Tea
Published: January 2023

Notwithstanding their indisputable benefits, climate change mitigation and adaptation activities can negatively impact the environment and human rights. Accordingly, multilateral funds and programmes financing these activities have increasingly adopted environmental and social safeguards. However, enforcing these safeguards has been difficult because of the lack of or shortcomings affecting complaint procedures provided by multilateral climate finance institutions to individuals and groups negatively impacted by the activities that the institutions support. This article assesses the effectiveness of the complaint procedures of the main multilateral climate funds and carbon market mechanisms; it highlights the limitations of alternative complaint options, including project‐ and implementing entity‐level grievance mechanisms and judicial avenues; and it reflects on the need for effective complaint procedures at the international level to further a human rights‐based green transition.
Evaluation of hazard brochures using topic viewing durations: Application to tsunami evacuation brochures
Authors: Lindell Michael K. , Jung Meen Chel , Prater Carla S. , House Donald H.
Published: January 2023

This study describes a novel method of assessing risk communication effectiveness by reporting an evaluation of a tsunami information brochure by 90 residents of three Pacific coast communities that are vulnerable to a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake and tsunami—Commencement Bay, Washington; Lincoln City, Oregon; and Eureka, California. Study participants viewed information that was presented inDynaSearch, an internet‐based computer system that allowed them to view text boxes and tsunami inundation zone maps.DynaSearchrecorded the number of times each text box or map was clicked and the length of time that it was viewed. This information viewing phase was followed by questionnaire pages assessing important aspects of tsunami hazard and sources of tsunami warnings. Participants gave the longest click durations to what to do in the emergency period during earthquake shaking and in its immediate aftermath before a tsunami arrives—topics that should be displayed prominently in tsunami brochures and emphasized in talks to community groups. The smallest adjusted click durations were associated with advance preparations for a tsunami—topics that can be posted on websites whose URLs are printed in the brochures.
On the adoption of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic: An evolutionary game model
Authors: Wei Zhiyuan , Zhuang Jun
Published: January 2023

The adoption of behavioral nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) among the public is essential for tackling the COVID‐19 pandemic, yet presents challenges due to the complexity of human behaviors. A large body of literature has utilized classic game theory to investigate the population's decisions regarding the adoption of interventions, where the static solution concept such as the Nash equilibrium is studied. However, individual adoption behavior is not static, instead it is a dynamic process that involves the strategic interactions with other counterparts over time. The study of quantitatively analyzing the dynamics on precautionary behavior during an outbreak is rather scarce. This article fills the research gap by developing an evolutionary game‐theoretic framework to model the dynamics of population behavior on the adoption of NPI. We construct the two‐group asymmetric game, where behavioral change for each group is characterized by replicator equations. Sensitivity analyses are performed to examine the long‐term stability of equilibrium points with respect to perturbation of model parameters. We found that the limiting behavior of intervention adoption in the population consists of only pure strategies in a game setting, indicating that the evolutionary outcome is that everyone either takes up the preventive measure or not. We also applied the framework to examine the mask‐wearing behavior, and validated with actual data. Overall, this article provides insights into population dynamics on the adoption of intervention strategy during the outbreak, which can be beneficial for policy makers to better understand the evolutionary trajectory of population behavior.
Identification of a novel HLA‐C allele, HLA‐C*03:618N
Authors: Devriese Magali , Usureau Cedric , Carmagnat Maryvonnick , Da Silva Sephora , Taupin Jean‐Luc
Published: January 2023

The novel HLA‐C*03:618N allele has one change in exon 1 leading to a premature stop codon.
Feline primary nonhematopoietic malignant liver tumours: A multicenter retrospective study (2000–2021)
Authors: Brandstetter Viktoria , Schmidt Jarno M. , Findji Laurent , Selmic Laura E. , Murgia Daniela , de Mello Souza Carlos H. , Liehmann Lea M. , L'Eplattenier Henry , Tichy Alexander , Vincenti Simona
Published: January 2023

There is scant literature on primary nonhematopoietic malignant liver tumours (PMLT) in cats. In this retrospective study, medical data of 40 cats diagnosed with PMLT were reviewed over a period of 22 years (2000–2021). The most frequent epithelial tumours were hepatocellular (42.5%) and bile duct carcinomas (32.5%), only six (15%) cats had mesenchymal tumours. The median age was 13 years and clinical signs commonly included ano‐/hyporexia (62.5%), apathy/lethargy (52.5%), weight loss (42.5%) and vomiting (35%). At initial diagnosis, metastases were confirmed in 1 (2.5%) and suspected in three (7.5%) cats. Massive was the most frequent morphology (75%). Most intrahepatic tumours were left‐sided (54.2%) with the left medial lobe being primarily affected (25%). Extrahepatic tumours were rare (5%). In 34 (85%) cats, liver lobectomy was performed (surgery group), four (10%) were treated palliatively (non‐surgery group), and two (5%) received no treatment. Intraoperative complications occurred in 11.8% with four (15.4%) postoperative deaths. Recurrence was detected in 28.6% at a median of 151 days (range, 79–684 days), while postoperative metastases were suspected in 21.4% at a median of 186 days (range, 79–479 days). The median survival time (MST) was significantly longer in cats of the surgery group (375 days) than in the non‐surgery group (16 days) (p = .002). MST was 868 days for hepatocellular compared to 270 days for bile duct carcinomas (p = .06). In summary, liver lobectomy is associated with prolonged survival times and good prognosis in cats with hepatocellular, and an acceptable prognosis in cats with bile duct carcinoma.
Gravitational time dilation in extended quantum systems: The case of light clocks in Schwarzschild spacetime
Authors: Bravo Tupac , Rätzel Dennis , Fuentes Ivette
Published: January 2023

The precision of optical atomic clocks is approaching a regime where they resolve gravitational time dilation on smaller scales than their own extensions. Hence, an accurate description of quantum clocks has to take their spatial extension into account. In this article, as a first step toward a fully relativistic description of extended quantum clocks, we investigate a quantized version of Einstein's light clock fixed at a constant distance from a large massive object like the Earth. The model consists of a quantum light field in a one-dimensional cavity in Schwarzschild spacetime, where the distance between the mirrors is fixed by a rigid rod. By comparing a vertical and a horizontal clock, we propose an operational way to define the clock time when the clock resolves gravitational time dilation on scales smaller than its extension. In particular, we show that the time measured by the vertical light clock is equivalent to the proper time defined at its center. We also derive fundamental bounds on the precision of these clocks for measurements of proper time and the Schwarzschild radius.
Does It Matter if Sport Fans “Root for the Home Team?” A Test of the Team Identification–Social Psychological Health Model
Authors: Schellenberg Benjamin J.I. , Gaudreau Patrick
Published: January 2023

The team identification–social psychological health model outlines that fans of local sport teams are more likely to experience feelings of social connectedness compared with fans of distant teams. We tested this proposition across two sufficiently powered studies. In both studies, sport fans (Study 1: N = 291, Study 2: N = 430) completed online surveys assessing their levels of identification with a favorite sport team and social connections derived from their fandom for that team. Team localness was operationalized based on team location (Study 1) or responses to survey questions assessing team localness (Study 2). In both studies, the positive association between team identification and social connectedness was not moderated by team localness. This research contributes to the team identification–social psychological health model and our general understanding of fan behavior by showing that the social benefits of being a highly identified sport fan are not limited to fans of local teams.
Spatially resolved structural order in low-temperature liquid electrolyte
Authors: Xie Yujun , Wang Jingyang , Savitzky Benjamin H. , Chen Zheng , Wang Yu , Betzler Sophia , Bustillo Karen , Persson Kristin , Cui Yi , Wang Lin-Wang , Ophus Colin , Ercius Peter , Zheng Haimei
Published: January 2023

Determining the degree and the spatial extent of structural order in liquids is a grand challenge. Here, we are able to resolve the structural order in a model organic electrolyte of 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF
6
) dissolved in 1:1 (v/v) ethylene carbonate:diethylcarbonate by developing an integrated method of liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM operated at −30°C, four-dimensional scanning TEM, and data analysis based on deep learning. This study reveals the presence of short-range order (SRO) in the high–salt concentration domains of the liquid electrolyte from liquid phase separation at the low temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest the SRO originates from the Li
+
-(PF
6
−
)

n

(
n
 > 2) local structural order induced by high LiPF
6
salt concentration.
Nicotinamide riboside improves muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, satellite cell differentiation, and gut microbiota in a twin study
Authors: Lapatto Helena A. K. , Kuusela Minna , Heikkinen Aino , Muniandy Maheswary , van der Kolk Birgitta W. , Gopalakrishnan Swetha , Pöllänen Noora , Sandvik Martin , Schmidt Mark S. , Heinonen Sini , Saari Sina , Kuula Juho , Hakkarainen Antti , Tampio Janne , Saarinen Tuure , Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Lundbom Nina , Groop Per-Henrik , Tiirola Marja , Katajisto Pekka , Lehtonen Marko , Brenner Charles , Kaprio Jaakko , Pekkala Satu , Ollikainen Miina , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Pirinen Eija
Published: January 2023

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD
+
) precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) has emerged as a promising compound to improve obesity-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome in mice. However, most short-term clinical trials conducted so far have not reported positive outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether long-term NR supplementation boosts mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic health in humans. Twenty body mass index (BMI)–discordant monozygotic twin pairs were supplemented with an escalating dose of NR (250 to 1000 mg/day) for 5 months. NR improved systemic NAD
+
metabolism, muscle mitochondrial number, myoblast differentiation, and gut microbiota composition in both cotwins. NR also showed a capacity to modulate epigenetic control of gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue in both cotwins. However, NR did not ameliorate adiposity or metabolic health. Overall, our results suggest that NR acts as a potent modifier of NAD
+
metabolism, muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and stem cell function, gut microbiota, and DNA methylation in humans irrespective of BMI.
Elevated transferrin receptor impairs T cell metabolism and function in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Voss Kelsey , Sewell Allison E. , Krystofiak Evan S. , Gibson-Corley Katherine N. , Young Arissa C. , Basham Jacob H. , Sugiura Ayaka , Arner Emily N. , Beavers William N. , Kunkle Dillon E. , Dickson Megan E. , Needle Gabriel A. , Skaar Eric P. , Rathmell W. Kimryn , Ormseth Michelle J. , Major Amy S. , Rathmell Jeffrey C.
Published: January 2023

T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit multiple metabolic abnormalities. Excess iron can impair mitochondria and may contribute to SLE. To gain insights into this potential role of iron in SLE, we performed a CRISPR screen of iron handling genes on T cells. Transferrin receptor (CD71) was identified as differentially critical for T
H
1 and inhibitory for induced regulatory T cells (iT
regs
). Activated T cells induced CD71 and iron uptake, which was exaggerated in SLE-prone T cells. Cell surface CD71 was enhanced in SLE-prone T cells by increased endosomal recycling. Blocking CD71 reduced intracellular iron and mTORC1 signaling, which inhibited T
H
1 and T
H
17 cells yet enhanced iT
regs
. In vivo treatment reduced kidney pathology and increased CD4 T cell production of IL-10 in SLE-prone mice.

Disease severity correlated with CD71 expression on T
H
17 cells from patients with SLE, and blocking CD71 in vitro enhanced IL-10 secretion. T cell iron uptake via CD71 thus contributes to T cell dysfunction and can be targeted to limit SLE-associated pathology.