bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Flexible Piezoceramic Array with Ultrahigh Piezoelectricity via a Hierarchical Design Strategy
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Wang Zhenxing , Zhong Junwen , Yan Minyang , Zhao Senfeng , Gong Jiangshan , Feng Kaiyu , Zhang Jianxun , Zhou Kechao , Xie Jianbin , Xie Hui , Zhang Dou , Zhang Yan , Bowen Chris
Published: June 2023

The µW‐level power density of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters (FPEHs) restricts their potential in applications related to high‐power multifunctional wearable devices. To overcome this challenge, a hierarchical design strategy is proposed by forming porous piezoceramics with an optimum microstructure into an ordered macroscopic array structure to enable the construction of high performance FPEHs. The porous piezoceramic elements allows optimization of the sensing and harvesting Figure of merit, and the array structure causes a high level of effective strain under a mechanical load. The introduction of a network of polymer channels between the piezoceramic array also provides increased device flexibility, thereby allowing the device to attach and conform to the curved contours of the human body. The unique hierarchical piezoceramic array architecture exhibits superior flexibility, a high open circuit voltage (618 V), high short circuit current (188 µA), and ultrahigh power density (19.1 mW cm−2). This energy density value surpasses previously reported high‐performance FPEHs. The ultrahigh power flexible harvesting can charge a 0.1 F supercapacitor at 2.5 Hz to power high‐power electronic devices. Finally, the FPEH is employed in two novel applications related to fracture healing monitoring and self‐powered wireless position tracking in extreme environments.
Unamplified and Label‐Free Detection of HPV16 DNA Using CRISPR‐Cas12a‐Functionalized Solution‐Gated Graphene Transistors
Authors: Zhang Huibin , Deng Minghua , Li Ziqin , Ren Zhanpeng , Zhang Lei , Wang Ming , Jiang Shupeng , Yu Li , Wang Xianbao , Li Jinhua
Published: June 2023

The persistent infection of high‐risk‐human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is considered an essential element for suffering cervical cancer. Despite polymerase chain reaction, loop‐mediated amplification, and microfluidic chips are used to detect the HPV16, these methods still exist some drawbacks including time‐consuming and false positive results. The CRISPR‐Cas system is widely used in the region of biological detection due to its precise targeted recognition capability. In this contribution, the novel solution‐gated graphene transistor sensor is designed to realize the unamplified and label‐free detection of HPV16 DNA. Using the precise recognition of the CRISPR‐Cas12a system and the gate functionalization, HPV16 DNA can be precisely identified without need the amplification and labeling. The limit of detection of the sensor can be up to 8.3 × 10−18 m and the detection can be within 20 min. Additionally, the heat‐Inactivated clinical samples can be clearly distinguished by the sensor the diagnosis results have a high degree of agreement with q‐PCR detection.
Ferroelectric Switching at Symmetry‐Broken Interfaces by Local Control of Dislocations Networks
Authors: Molino Laurent , Aggarwal Leena , Enaldiev Vladimir , Plumadore Ryan , I. Fal´ko Vladimir , Luican‐Mayer Adina
Published: June 2023

Semiconducting ferroelectric materials with low energy polarization switching offer a platform for next‐generation electronics such as ferroelectric field‐effect transistors. Recently discovered interfacial ferroelectricity in bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenide films provides an opportunity to combine the potential of semiconducting ferroelectrics with the design flexibility of 2D material devices. Here, local control of ferroelectric domains in a marginally twisted WS2 bilayer is demonstrated with a scanning tunneling microscope at room temperature, and their observed reversible evolution is understood using a string‐like model of the domain wall network (DWN). Two characteristic regimes of DWN evolution are identified: (i) elastic bending of partial screw dislocations separating smaller domains with twin stackings due to mutual sliding of monolayers at domain boundaries and (ii) merging of primary domain walls into perfect screw dislocations, which become the seeds for the recovery of the initial domain structure upon reversing electric field. These results open the possibility to achieve full control over atomically thin semiconducting ferroelectric domains using local electric fields, which is a critical step towards their technological use.
Third Harmonic Generation Enhanced by Generalized Kerker Condition in All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Ai‐Yin , Hsieh Jou‐Chun , Lin Kuang‐I , Tseng Snow H. , Hsiao Hui‐Hsin
Published: June 2023

The abundant multipolar resonances in all‐dielectric metasurfaces provide a new paradigm to simultaneously induce strong near‐field confinement in the interior of a nanocavity as well as to manipulate the far‐field scattering property, which is beneficial for the enhancement of nonlinear effects. Here, third‐harmonic generation (THG) of all‐dielectric silicon metasurfaces that sustain dominant electric dipole (ED), toroidal dipole (TD), and magnetic dipole (MD) moments in near‐infrared is numerically and experimentally studied. The effect of the interplay of these resonant modes on THG is investigated, and a pronounced THG enhancement is observed when these modes become spectrally overlapped, corresponding to the generalized Kerker condition. The constructive interference of the total electric dipole (refers to the summation of the ED and TD scattered fields) and MD modes results in the suppression of the backward scattering along with a strong local‐field enhancement inside the dielectric resonators. The simulation (experimental) results show a 214‐fold (17‐fold) THG enhancement in the vicinity of the generalized Kerker condition compared with the signals of the spectrally separated TD and MD resonances. The silicon‐based metasurfaces with their simple geometry are facile for large‐area fabrication and open new possibilities for the optimization of upconversion processes to achieve efficient nonlinear devices.
Multistimuli‐Responsive Luminescence of o‐Carborane Dyads via Restriction of Electron Transfer and Molecular Motion
Authors: Shen Yunxia , Wang Lingrui , Fang Yuanyuan , Sui Laizhi , Fu Zhiyuan , Lv Chunyan , Wang Kai , Zhang Qing , Guo Haizhong , Zhang Yujian
Published: June 2023

The striking change in the emission color/intensity of piezochromic luminescent materials in response to external mechanical stimuli (e.g., pressure, grinding, and stretching) has attracted attention due to potential applications in optical data storage devices, pressure sensors, and optoelectronic devices. The majority of organic materials show redshifted and quenched emission with increasing pressure. Herein, covalently linked donor/acceptor (D/A) o‐carborane dyads that exhibit dual luminescence peaks due to the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) are reported. Interestingly, an anomalous phenomenon of pressure‐induced blueshifted and enhanced luminescence is clearly observed. From 1 atm to 1.09 GPa, the restriction of intramolecular motion increases the luminescence of o‐carborane dyads. At high pressures, the compressed o‐carborane unit suppresses PET and decreases the energy gap between the upper excited states. Since the rate of the internal conversion (IC) process is higher than that of PET, the charge transfer (CT) emission gradually disappears, causing the o‐carborane dyads to exhibit blueshifted luminescence. Therefore, a novel strategy for achieving the pressure‐induced enhanced and blueshifted luminescence characteristics of organic materials is reported in this work.
Multi‐Bioinspired Functional Conductive Hydrogel Patches for Wound Healing Management
Authors: Li Wenzhao , Yu Yunru , Huang Rongkang , Wang Xiaocheng , Lai Puxiang , Chen Kai , Shang Luoran , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: June 2023

Many hydrogel patches are developed to solve the pervasive and severe challenge of complex wound healing, while most of them still lack satisfactory controllability and comprehensive functionality. Herein, inspired by multiple creatures, including octopuses and snails, a novel muti‐functional hydrogel patch is presented with controlled adhesion, antibacterial, drug release features, and multiple monitoring functions for intelligent wound healing management. The patch with micro suction‐cup actuator array and a tensile backing layer is composed of tannin grafted gelatin, Ag‐tannin nanoparticles, polyacrylamide (PAAm) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm). In virtue of the photothermal gel‐sol transition of tannin grafted gelatin and Ag‐tannin nanoparticles, the patches exert a dual anti‐microbial effect and temperature‐sensitive snail mucus‐like features. In addition, as the “suction‐cups” consisting of thermal responsive PNIPAm can undergo a contract‐relax transformation, the medical patches can adhere to the objects reversibly and responsively, and release their loaded vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) controllably for wound healing. More attractively, benefiting from their fatigue resistance, self‐healing ability of the tensile double network hydrogel, and electrical conductivity of Ag‐tannin nanoparticles, the proposed patches can report multiple wound physiology parameters sensitively and continuously. Thus, it is believed that this multi‐bioinspired patch has immense potential for future wound healing management.
Phase Segregation in PdCu Alloy Nanoparticles During CO Oxidation Reaction at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Jiang Yingying , Lim Alvin M. H. , Yan Hongwei , Zeng Hua Chun , Mirsaidov Utkur
Published: June 2023

Bimetallic nanoparticle (NP) catalysts are widely used in many heterogeneous gas‐based reactions because they often outperform their monometallic counterparts. During these reactions, NPs often undergo structural changes, which impact their catalytic activity. Despite the important role of the structure in the catalytic activity, many aspects of how a reactive gaseous environment affects the structure of bimetallic nanocatalysts are still lacking. Here, using gas‐cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it is shown that during a CO oxidation reaction over PdCu alloy NPs, the selective oxidation of Cu causes the segregation of Cu and transforms the NPs into Pd–CuO NPs. The segregated NPs are very stable and have high activity for the conversion of CO into CO2. Based on the observations, the segregation of Cu from Cu‐based alloys during a redox reaction is likely to be general and may have a positive impact on the catalytic activity. Hence, it is believed that similar insights based on direct observation of the reactions under relevant reactive conditions are critical both for understanding and designing high‐performance catalysts.
Fine‐scale cultural variation reinforces genetic structure in England
Authors: Pichkar Yakov , Creanza Nicole
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Genes and languages both contain signatures of human evolution, population movement, and demographic history. Cultural traits like language are transmitted by interactions between people, and these traits influence how people interact. In particular, if groups of people differentiate each other based on some qualities of their cultures, and if these qualities are passed to the next generation, then this differentiation can result in barriers to gene flow. Previous work finds such barriers to gene flow between groups that speak different languages, and we explore this phenomenon further: can more subtle cultural differences also produce genetic structure in a population? We focus on whether subtle, dialect‐level linguistic differences in England have influenced genetic population structure, likely by affecting mating preferences.

Materials and Methods

We analyze spatially dense linguistic and genetic data—both of which independently contain spatially structured variation in England—to examine whether the cultural differences represented by variation in English phonology colocalize with higher genetic rates of change.

Results

We find that genetic variation and dialect markers have similar spatial distributions on a country‐wide scale, and that throughout England, linguistic boundaries colocalize with the boundaries of genetic clusters found using fineSTRUCTURE.

Discussion

This gene‐language covariation, in the absence of geographic barriers that could coordinate cultural and genetic differentiation, suggests that similar social forces influenced both dialect boundaries and the genetic population structure of England.
Mechanochemical Reactions from Individual Impacts to Global Transformation Kinetics
Authors: Carta Maria , Vugrin Leonarda , Miletić Goran , Kulcsár Marina Juribašić , Ricci Pier Carlo , Halasz Ivan , Delogu Francesco
Published: June 2023

Typically induced by the mechanical processing of powders in ball mills, mechanochemical transformations are considered to result from the application of mechanical force to solid reactants. However, the undeniable deep connection between the dynamic compaction of powders during impacts and the overall transformation degree has yet to be disclosed. In the present work, we show that the square planar bis(dibenzoylmethanato)NiII coordination compound undergoes trimerization when its powder experiences even a single ball impact. Based on systematic experiments with individual ball impacts and analysis by Raman spectroscopy, we provide here quantitative mapping of the transformation in the powder compact and deduce bulk reaction kinetics from multiple individual impacts.
Merging decatungstate photocatalysis and copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction for the formation of 1,2,3‐triazoles in water†
Authors: Stiriba Salah‐Eddine , Aflak Noura , El Mouchtari El Mountassir , Ben El Ayouchia Hicham , Rafqah Salah , Anane Hafid , Julve Miguel
Published: June 2023

Merging photoredox and catalysis by transition metals, coined as metallaphotoredox catalysis, proved to be an excellent new platform for the development of new synthetic strategies for the formation of carbon–carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. Herein, we report a dual catalytic system that has been successfully developed for the azide‐alkyne ligation process to yield 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles. It consists of merging the decatungstate anion [W10O32]4−‐photocatalyzed hydrogen atom transfer from ethanol as a source of hydrogen atom abstraction to produce the one‐electron‐reduced form H+[W10O32]5−, which reduces Cu(II) precursor into Cu(I) starting then the copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). The resulting bifunctional H+[W10O32]5−/Cu catalytic system operates efficiently in an environmentally benign water–ethanol solvent mixture as reaction medium, resulting in the regioselective formation of 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives, with high yields up to 99% and large substrate application scope under mild conditions. This dual catalytic approach has proven to function under sunlight exposition too with recovery and reuse of the catalytic system for several times.
Scaling eukaryotic cell‐free protein synthesis achieved with the versatile and high‐yielding tobacco BY‐2 cell lysate
Authors: Gupta Mainak Das , Flaskamp Yannick , Roentgen Robin , Juergens Hannes , Armero‐Gimenez Jorge , Albrecht Frank , Hemmerich Johannes , Arfi Zulfaquar Ahmad , Neuser Jakob , Spiegel Holger , Schillberg Stefan , Yeliseev Alexei , Song Lusheng , Qiu Ji , Williams Charles , Finnern Ricarda
Published: June 2023

Eukaryotic cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) can accelerate expression and high‐throughput analysis of complex proteins with functionally relevant post‐translational modifications (PTMs). However, low yields and difficulties scaling such systems have prevented their widespread adoption in protein research and manufacturing.

Here, we provide detailed demonstrations for the capabilities of a CFPS system derived from Nicotiana tabacum BY‐2 cell culture (BY‐2 lysate; BYL). BYL is able to express diverse, functional proteins at high yields in 48 h, complete with native disulfide bonds and N‐glycosylation. An optimized version of the technology is commercialized as ALiCE® and advances in scaling of BYL production methodologies now allow scaling of eukaryotic CFPS reactions. We show linear, lossless scale‐up of batch mode protein expression from 100 µL microtiter plates to 10 and 100 mL volumes in Erlenmeyer flasks, culminating in preliminary data from a litre‐scale reaction in a rocking‐type bioreactor. Together, scaling across a 20,000x range is achieved without impacting product yields.

Production of multimeric virus‐like particles from the BYL cytosolic fraction were then shown, followed by functional expression of multiple classes of complex, difficult‐to‐express proteins using the native microsomes of the BYL CFPS. Specifically: a dimeric enzyme; a monoclonal antibody; the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor‐binding domain; a human growth factor; and a G protein‐coupled receptor membrane protein. Functional binding and activity are demonstrated, together with in‐depth PTM characterization of purified proteins through disulfide bond and N‐glycan analysis.

Taken together, BYL is a promising end‐to‐end R&D to manufacturing platform with the potential to significantly reduce the time‐to‐market for high value proteins and biologics.
Potential role of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract: More than passengers
Authors: Liu Zhu , Hong Lian‐Lian , Ling Zhi‐Qiang
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Tumor‐associated bacteria and gut microbiota have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential role in cancer development and therapeutic response. This review aims to discuss the contributions of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to exploring the mechanisms, functions, and implications of these bacteria in cancer therapy.

Methods

We reviewed current literature on intratumor bacteria and their impact on tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and anti‐tumor immune modulation. Additionally, we examined techniques used to detect intratumor bacteria, precautions necessary when handling low microbial biomass tumor samples, and the recent progress in bacterial manipulation for tumor treatment.

Results

Research indicates that each type of cancer uniquely interacts with its microbiome, and bacteria can be detected even in non‐gastrointestinal tumors with low bacterial abundance. Intracellular bacteria have the potential to regulate tumor cells' biological behavior and contribute to critical aspects of tumor development. Furthermore, bacterial‐based anti‐tumor therapies have shown promising results in cancer treatment.

Conclusions

Understanding the complex interactions between intratumor bacteria and tumor cells could lead to the development of more precise cancer treatment strategies. Further research into non‐gastrointestinal tumor‐associated bacteria is needed to identify new therapeutic approaches and expand our knowledge of the microbiota's role in cancer biology.
Do stories (always) make food products taste better? The boundary effects of matching package type and product dimension
Authors: Jaud David A. , Braconnot Alexandra R. , Lunardo Renaud
Published: June 2023

This research examines when the narrative transportation induced by storytelling influences taste. In a field experiment conducted in two wine stores, we first demonstrate that storytelling enhances actual taste through narrative transportation, but only when the package type matches the product. In the next experiment, we determine that product dimension (hedonic vs. utilitarian) is another boundary condition. We specifically show that the effect of storytelling through narrative transportation on expected taste is positively stronger for utilitarian products than hedonic products. This article contributes to the research on storytelling, narrative transportation, and sensory marketing by showing that storytelling indirectly enhances taste for products with matching packages and utilitarian products. This article also offers important implications for marketers and retailers who aim to enhance the perceived taste of their products.
In Silico Design of an Oseltamivir Derivative with Increased Affinity against Wild‐Type and Mutant Variants of Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin of Influenza A H1N1 Virus
Authors: Jazmin García‐Machorro , Elaheh Mirzaeicheshmeh , Manuel Jonathan Fragoso‐Vázquez , Martiniano Bello , David Méndez‐Luna , Alám León‐Cardona , José Correa‐Basurto
Published: June 2023

Antiviral resistance has turned into a world concern nowadays. Influenza A H1N1 emerged as a problem at the world level due to the neuraminidase (NA) mutations. The NA mutants conferred resistance to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Several efforts were conducted to develop better anti‐influenza A H1N1 drugs. Our research group combined in silico methods to create a compound derived from oseltamivir to be tested in vitro against influenza A H1N1. Here we show the results of a new compound derived from oseltamivir but with specific chemical modifications, with significant affinity either on NA (in silico and in vitro assays) or HA (in silico) from influenza A H1N1 strain. We include docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the oseltamivir derivative at the binding site onto NA and HA of influenza A H1N1. Additionally, the biological experimental results show that oseltamivir derivative decreases the lytic‐plaque formation on viral susceptibility assays, and it does not show cytotoxicity. Finally, oseltamivir derivative assayed on viral NA showed a concentration‐dependent inhibition behavior at nM, depicting a high affinity of the compound for the enzyme, corroborated with the MD simulations results, placing our designed oseltamivir derivative as a potential antiviral against influenza A H1N1.
Hypolipidemic Activity and Mechanism of Action of Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides
Authors: Tang Meng‐Ting , Jiang Hui , Wan Cheng , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Zhou Shaobo , Zhou Tao
Published: June 2023

Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) is a kind of biologically active macromolecule with biological functions. In this study, oxidative stress and high‐fat HepG2 cell models were established to investigate its lipid‐lowering activity and mechanism of action. It was found that SFP and its two isolated fractions had antioxidant effects on the cells. It was also found the polysaccharides decreased the content of total cholesterol and total triglyceride in the high‐fat cells. RT‐qPCR assays revealed that the three polysaccharides down‐regulated the mRNA expression level of ACC, PPARγ, and SREBP‐2. It could be concluded that the hypolipidemic effect of SFPs is achieved via multiple pathways, including the regulation on the expression level of lipid metabolism‐related key enzymes and factors, and binding with bile acids. The hypolipidemic effect of SFPs could be partially due to their antioxidant activity. SFPs developed in the present work have potential as ingredients of functional foods with hypolipidemic effect.
Phenolic Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants from Tunisia
Authors: Hamrouni Hania , Othman Khadija Ben , Benmoussa Hasnia , Idoudi Sourour , Najjaa Hanen , Neffati Mohamed , Elfalleh Walid
Published: June 2023

Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract from six medicinal wild plants grown in South‐eastern of Tunisia: Atriplex halimus, Teucrium polium, Moricandia arvensis, Deverra tortuoa, Haplophyllum tuberculatum and Polygonum equisetiforme were evaluated. Both decoction and ultrasound assisted extraction were used. Antioxidant, antibacterial proprieties, and phenolic profiling, using LC‐ESI‐MS method, were assessed. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins contents ranged from 7.47±0.19 to 22.25±0.49 mg GAE/g Dw, 5.47±0.06 to 7.55±0.07 mg RE/g Dw, and 0.33±0.02 to 19.43±0.64 mg TAE/g Dw, respectively. Moreover, the reducing power and DPPH tests showed that P. equisetiforme (EC50: 12.50±0.50 μg/ml; DPPH⋅+: 213.49±4.24 mg TEAC/g DW), T. polium (EC50: 25.00±1.00 μg/ml; DPPH⋅+: 181.39±9.47 mg TEAC/g DW) as well as H. tuberculatum (EC50: 56.25±0.25 μg/ml; DPPH⋅+: 177.83±5.85 mg TEAC/g DW) extracts were the most effective natural antioxidants. For anti‐bacterial activity, the ultrasonic extract of H. tuberculatum showed the highest activity against both P. aeruginosa (13.50±0.71 mm) and S. aureus (13.00±0.00 mm) at 10 mg/ml. Furthermore 24 phenolic compounds were identified, with predominance of quinic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, p‐coumaric acid, trans‐ferulic acid, catechin (+), trans‐cinnamic and silymarin. These results were further consolidated by to heatmap clustering with P. equisetiforme, H. tuberculatum, T. polium as the main antioxidant and antibacterial sources which supports their domestication and industrial use.
Identification of Potential Bioactive Compounds from Aspergillus terreus against HCV NS3 Serine Protease
Authors: Lin Jun , Yang Li‐Yuan , Pan Zhi‐Di
Published: June 2023

This study was aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from the fermentation products of Aspergillus terreus, which could inhibit NS3 protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The bioactive compounds were isolated by reverse‐phase silica‐gel column chromatography, semi‐preparative reversed‐phase, and Sephadex LH‐20, and then their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis. As a result, two small molecule compounds were isolated. Compound 1 was identified as a new benzaldehyde, (E)‐2,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐propenylbenzaldehyde. Compound 2 was identified as pleurone, which was obtained from microorganisms for the first time. Their inhibitory activities against HCV NS3 protease (IC50) were 32.6 μM and 78.9 μM, respectively. This study provided a new option for the development of anti‐HCV drugs.
Anti‐Inflammatory Steroids from the South China Sea Soft Coral Lobophytum sarcophytoides
Authors: Li Song‐Wei , Liu Jiao , Fu Yan , Yao Li‐Gong , Zhang Hai‐Yan , Wang Hong , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: June 2023

Three new steroids, along with two known related analogs, were isolated from the Xisha Island soft coral Lobophytum sarcophytoides. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses, time dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism calculation, and comparison with the spectral data previously reported in the literature. In in vitro bioassay, four compounds showed interesting suppressive effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in BV‐2 microglial cells at 10 μM level.
Fix and pull technique for retrieval of intracoronary unexpanded‐stent entrapment
Authors: Yassin Ibrahim , Mosaad Mohamed A. , Hassan Ahmed M. , Abdelghani Mohammad
Published: June 2023

During left main (LM) bifurcation PCI using T and small protrusion (TAP) technique, after deployment of LM‐left anterior descending (LAD) stent, left circumflex (LCx) stent was entangled at LM ostium with balloon and wire slippage. Ping‐pong (dual) guide catheters were used to simultaneously fix the LM‐LAD stent and snare the trapped stent. This technique proved effective in retrieving the lost stent and minimizing LM stent deformation.
Optimization of the Reaction Parameters of Immobilized Escherichia coli for β‐Cyclodextrin Production
Authors: Baharudin Nurul Nabila Huda , Che Man Rohaida , Md Illias Rosli , Sulaiman Siti Zubaidah , Abdul Manas Nor Hasmaliana , Wan Azelee Nur Izyan
Published: June 2023

Cyclodextrin (CD) is an important substance for chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Conventionally, free Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells expressing recombinant cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) are used as the biocatalyst for CD production, but the process struggles with low CGTase excretion and CD yield. In this study, E. coli cells were immobilized on hollow‐fiber membranes for β‐CD production, and the process and reaction parameters were optimized via response surface methodology. The reusability of the immobilized cells was also evaluated. The parameter optimization significantly improved β‐CD yield and CGTase excretion, making the process more attractive for industrial applications. The immobilized cells also revealed to be reusable multiple times.
Bacterial Cellulose‐Based Material from Coconut Water as Efficient Green Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Cations
Authors: Nguyen Hanh M. H. , Pham Co D. , Nguyen Khoa D. , Tran An T. T. , Le Nhan T. H. , Ho Phuoc H. , Le Ha V.
Published: June 2023

Nata de coco produced via coconut water fermentation using Acetobacter xylinum was directly applied to remove metal cations in aqueous solutions without any further chemical modification. Bacterial cellulose, contributing just 0.8 wt % to nata de coco, were randomly distributed and interconnected, yielding a three‐dimensional framework with high crystallinity and porosity. Due to these characteristics and the abundant presence of electron‐rich hydroxyl groups, unmodified bacterial cellulose in nata de coco exhibited a strong affinity to metal cations in water. The adsorption efficiency of nata de coco can be significantly improved to ∼30 and ∼45 mg g−1 for Pb2+ and Fe3+, respectively, by decreasing its size by grinding to decrease its size. Notably, nata de coco can adsorb multiple cations and the uptakes were almost similar for a 100‐fold scaled‐up adsorption volume.
Covalently Modified Kevlar Fabric Incorporating Graphene Oxide with Enhanced Antibacterial Properties and Preserved Strength
Authors: Canton‐Vitoria Ruben , Heliopoulos Nikolaos , Boukos Nikos , Vasilakos Sozon , Siamidis Dionysios , Stamatakis Kostas , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: June 2023

This work describes a multi‐step modification process for the covalent transformation of Kevlar fabric en route to the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Spectroscopic, thermal and microscopy imaging techniques have been employed to follow step‐by‐step the modification of Kevlar and the formation of the corresponding Kevlar‐GO hybrid fabric. The level of Kevlar's functionalization can be controlled with the nitration time, the first reaction in the multi‐sequence organic transformations, for obtaining the hybrid fabric with a content of GO up to 30 %. Most importantly, the covalent post‐modification of Kevlar does not occur in the expense of the other excellent mechanical properties of the fabric. Under optimal conditions, the Kevlar‐GO hybrid fabric shows a 20 % enhancement of the ultimate strength. Notably, when the Kevlar‐GO hybrid fabric was exposed to cyanobacterial Synechococcus the bacteria growth was fully inhibited. Overall, the covalently modified fabric demonstrated significant antibacterial behavior, excellent strength and stability under common processes. Due to its simplicity, the methodology presented in this work not only promises to result in a standard procedure to functionalize the mer units of Kevlar with a variety of chemicals and nanomaterials but it can be also extended for the modification and hybridization of other fabrics.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Nitroallylic Amines via Cooperative Cation‐Binding Catalysis
Authors: Park Jin Hyun , Maity Pintu , Paladhi Sushovan , Bae Han Yong , Song Choong Eui
Published: June 2023

Chiral allylic amines are valuable building blocks for biologically important compounds and natural products. In this study, we present the use of cooperative cation‐binding catalysis as an efficient method for synthesizing chiral allylic amines. By utilizing a chiral oligoEG and potassium fluoride as a cation‐binding catalyst and base, respectively, a wide range of biologically relevant chiral 2‐nitroallylic amines are obtained with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee) through the organocatalytic asymmetric aza‐Henry‐like reaction of β‐monosubstituted and β,β‐disubstituted nitroalkenes with α‐amidosulfones as imine precursors. Extensive experimental studies are presented to illustrate plausible mechanisms. Preliminary use of a chiral 2‐nitroallylic amine as a Michael acceptor demonstrated its potential application for diversity‐oriented synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Multicomponent Reaction: Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Borocarbonylation of Aryldiazonium Salts with Aliphatic Terminal Alkynes to gem‐Bis(boryl) Ketones
Authors: Zhu Fengxiang , Yin Pengpeng
Published: June 2023

We report the development of Pd/Cu‐catalyzed selective 2,1‐borocarbonylation reactions of aliphatic terminal alkynes with aryldiazonium salts and B2Pin2 to prepare gem‐bis(boryl) ketones in one‐pot. A series of corresponding products are obtained with good to excellent yields under a carbon monoxide atmosphere (10 bar). In addition, wide functional‐group tolerance can be observed. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that ethyl acetate serves as a proton source in the reaction.
Reactions of Tetra(o‐tolyl)diborane(4) with Organic Azides: Formation of Fluorescent Boron‐Fused Hexazenes
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Chan Wing Chun , Lin Zhenyang , Yamashita Makoto
Published: June 2023

The reaction of tetra(o‐tolyl)diborane(4) with organic azides afforded three different compounds, diborylamines, diboryltriazenes, and B2‐hexazenes having a bicyclic B2N6 ring system. The reaction with aryl azides gave diborylamines, while the reaction with 1 equiv. of alkyl azides furnished diboryltriazenes. In the case of the reaction with an excess amount of primary alkyl azide, a new heterocyclic B2‐hexazenes were obtained. The formation of the B2N6 structure could be explained by one general reaction mechanism via the diboryltriazene intermediate according to the control experiments and DFT calculations. The B2‐hexazenes exhibited a strong fluorescence with a remarkably high fluorescent quantum yield of up to 96 %.
Palladium Iodide‐Catalyzed Selective Carbonylative Double Cyclization of 4‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐3‐yn‐1‐ols to Dihydrofuroquinolinone Derivatives
Authors: Mancuso Raffaella , De Salvo Alex , Russo Patrizio , Falcicchio Aurelia , Ca’ Nicola Della , Munoz Leonardo Pantoja , Gabriele Bartolo
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The PdI2/KI‐catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of 4‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐3‐yn‐1‐ols, bearing two potential nucleophilic groups in suitable position selectively leads to dihydrofuroquinolinone derivatives in fair to high yields (60%—89%) and excellent turnover numbers (180—267 mol of product per mol of Pd) over 19 examples, through a mechanistic pathway involving initial O‐cyclization followed by N‐cyclocarbonylation. In such process, the selective catalytic construction of two rings and three new bonds is achieved in one synthetic step to afford high value added fused heterocyclic structures starting from readily available materials.
A Cobalt(III) Corrole with a Tethered Imidazole for Boosted Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Gao Yimei , Mei Benxing , Wu Yizhen , Zhao Qian , Bao Zijia , Qin Haonan , Xu Yuhan , Lv Haoyuan , Peng Xinyang , He Yan , Luo Ting , Yao Ran , Zhang Wei , Lei Haitao , Cao Rui
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Developing electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is vital to promote the performance of the next‐generation energy technologies, which depend on the efficiency of the catalytic reduction of dioxygen. In the structure of cytochrome c oxidases (CcOs), a histidine imidazole residue binding to the axial position of Fe plays a crucial role in facilitating the selective reduction of O2 to water. Inspired by nature, we herein report on the synthesis of CoIII corrole 1 tethered with an imidazole ligand as well as its electrocatalytic ORR and O2 binding features. As compared to the imidazolium‐free analogue, complex 1 displayed remarkably boosted activity for the selective four‐electron/four‐proton (4e‐/4H+) ORR with a half‐wave potential of E1/2 = 0.82 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.1 mol/L KOH solutions. Importantly, we demonstrate that the tethered axial imidazole ligand improves the O2 binding ability of 1 thermodynamically and dynamically, which is crucial to boost electrocatalytic ORR performance. This work presents an example to improve electrocatalytic ORR activity and selectivity of Co corroles by introducing an axial imidazole ligand to enhance the O2 binding and activation.
Shades of gray in human white matter
Authors: Zouridakis Antonia , Ayala Ivan , Minogue Grace , Kawles Allegra , Keszycki Rachel , Macomber Alyssa , Bigio Eileen H. , Geula Changiz , Mesulam Marek‐Marsel , Gefen Tamar
Published: June 2023

Anatomists have long expressed interest in neurons of the white matter, which is by definition supposed to be free of neurons. Hypotheses regarding their biochemical signature and physiological function are mainly derived from animal models. Here, we investigated 15 whole‐brain human postmortem specimens, including cognitively normal cases and those with pathologic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to investigate differences in neuronal size and density, and the relationship between neuronal processes and vasculature. Double staining was used to evaluate colocalization of neurochemicals. Two topographically distinct populations of neurons emerged: one appearing to arise from developmental subplate neurons and the other embedded within deep, subcortical white matter. Both populations appeared to be neurochemically heterogeneous, showing positive reactivity to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) [but not choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)], neuronal nuclei (NeuN), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d), microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP–2), somatostatin (SOM), nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (SMI‐32), and calcium‐binding proteins calbindin‐D28K (CB), calretinin (CRT), and parvalbumin (PV). PV was more richly expressed in superficial as opposed to deep white matter neurons (WMNs); subplate neurons were also significantly larger than their deeper counterparts. NADPH‐d, a surrogate for nitric oxide synthase, allowed for the striking morphological visualization of subcortical WMNs. NADPH‐d‐positive subcortical neurons tended to embrace the outer walls of microvessels, suggesting a functional role in vasodilation. The presence of AChE positivity in these neurons, but not ChAT, suggests that they are cholinoceptive but noncholinergic. WMNs were also significantly smaller in AD compared to control cases. These observations provide a landscape for future systematic investigations.
Exchange Bias and Vertical Magnetic Shift on Co−CoO Thin Films
Authors: Belkacem Wajdi , Belhi Rachid , Thabet Mliki Najeh , Bouazizi Abdelaziz
Published: June 2023

This work reports the results of an experimental study on Si(001)/Au(111)/Co/CoO/ZrO2 elaborated by electron beam evaporation. The chemical composition of the oxidized state of cobalt and zirconium cover layers derived from metallic deposition is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Magnetic properties are probed by magneto‐optical Kerr effect (MOKE). The polar magneto‐optic Kerr effect (PMOKE) measurements reveal that the cooling at 77 K under an applied magnetic field induces an exchange coupling which is manifested by a positive exchange bias (EB) field accompanied by a negative vertical shift of the magnetization. In longitudinal magneto‐optical Kerr effect (LMOKE), the exchange coupling depends on the orientation of the applied measuring magnetic field. It is found that both the exchange field shift rate hshift and the vertical shift rate in magnetization mshift exhibit a peak at 45° between the applied field and the [100] in‐plane direction which may be associated with the presence of uncompensated pinned spins at the Co−CoO interface.
Individualized estimated years from onset of Alzheimer's disease– related decline for adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Silverman Wayne , Krinsky‐McHale Sharon J. , Kovacs Cynthia , Lee Joseph H. , Listwan Tracy , Pang Deborah I. , Zigman Warren B. , Schupf Nicole
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vary in their age of transition from AD preclinical to prodromal or more advanced clinical stages. An empirically based method is needed to determine individual “estimated years from symptom onset (EYO),” the same construct used in studies of autosomal dominant AD .

Methods

Archived data from a previous study of > 600 adults with DS were examined using survival analysis methods. Age‐specific prevalence of prodromal AD or dementia, cumulative risk, and EYOs were determined.

Results

Individualized EYOs for adults with DS ranging in age from 30 to 70+ were determined, dependent upon chronological age and clinical status.

Discussion

EYOs can be a useful tool for studies focused on biomarker changes during AD progression in this and other populations at risk, studies that should contribute to improved methods for diagnosis, prediction of risk, and identification of promising treatment targets.

HIGHLIGHTS

Years from Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset (EYO) was estimated for adults with Down syndrome (DS).

EYOs were informed by AD clinical status and age, ranging from 30 to > 70 years.

Influences of biological sex and apolipoprotein E genotype on EYOs were examined.

EYOs have advantages for predicting risk of AD‐related dementia compared to age.

EYOs can be extremely informative in studies of preclinical AD progression.
DsbA‐L deletion attenuates LPS‐induced acute kidney injury by modulating macrophage polarization
Authors: Cui Pengcheng , Chen Chao , Cui Yan , Qiu Xia , Yue Kaiye , Li Tengfang , Zhang Hedong , Yuan Wenjia , Xie Yixin , Guo Yong , Tang Zhouqi , Li Yaguang , Peng Fenghua , Jiang Xin , Luo Xuewei , Peng Longkai , Qi Zhongquan , Dai Helong
Published: June 2023

Disulfide bond A oxidoreductase‐like protein (DsbA‐L) drives acute kidney injury (AKI) by directly upregulating the expression of voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channels in proximal tubular cells. However, the role of DsbA‐L in immune cells remains unclear. In this study, we used an LPS‐induced AKI mouse model to assess the hypothesis that DsbA‐L deletion attenuates LPS‐induced AKI and explore the potential mechanism of DsbA‐L action. After 24 hours of LPS exposure, the DsbA‐L knockout group exhibited lower serum creatinine levels compared to the WT group. Furthermore, peripheral levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 were decreased. Transcriptomic data analysis revealed a significant down‐regulation in the IL‐17 and tumor necrosis factor pathways in DsbA‐L knockout mice following LPS induction. Metabolomic analysis suggested that arginine metabolism was significantly different between the WT and DsbA‐L knockout groups after LPS treatment. Notably, the M1 polarization of macrophages in the kidneys of DsbA‐L knockout AKI mice was significantly reduced. Expression of the transcription factors NF‐κB and AP‐1 was downregulated after DsbA‐L knockout. Our results suggest that DsbA‐L regulates LPS‐mediated oxidative stress, promotes M1 polarization of macrophages, and induces expression of inflammatory factors via the NF‐κB/AP‐1 pathway.
Mutant p53 leads to low‐grade IFN‐I‐induced inflammation and impairs cGAS–STING signalling in mice
Authors: Qin Ziyi , Liu Huan , Sheng Qihuan , Dan Juhua , Wu Xiaoming , Li Hao , Wang Lulin , Zhang Shuojie , Yuan Chao , Yuan Hongjun , Wang Hui , Zhou Ruoyu , Luo Ying , Xie Xiaoli
Published: June 2023

Type I interferons (IFN‐Is) are a class of proinflammatory cytokines produced in response to viruses and environmental stimulations, resulting in chronic inflammation and even carcinogenesis. However, the connection between IFN‐I and p53 mutation is poorly understood. Here, we investigated IFN‐I status in the context of mutant p53 (p53N236S, p53S). We observed significant cytosolic double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) derived from nuclear heterochromatin in p53S cells, along with an increased expression of IFN‐stimulated genes. Further study revealed that p53S promoted cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) and IFN‐regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) expression, thus activating the IFN‐I pathway. However, p53S/S mice were more susceptible to herpes simplex virus 1 infection, and the cGAS–stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway showed a decline trend in p53S cells in response to poly(dA:dT) accompanied with decreased IFN‐β and IFN‐stimulated genes, whereas the IRF9 increased in response to IFN‐β stimulation. Our results illustrated the p53S mutation leads to low‐grade IFN‐I‐induced inflammation via consistent low activation of the cGAS–STING‐IFN‐I axis, and STAT1‐IRF9 pathway, therefore, impairs the protective cGAS–STING signalling and IFN‐I response encountered with exogenous DNA attack. These results suggested the dual molecular mechanisms of p53S mutation in inflammation regulation. Our results could be helping in further understanding of mutant p53 function in chronic inflammation and provide information for developing new therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory diseases or cancer.
Transinteractome analysis reveals distinct niche requirements for isotype‐based plasma cell subsets in the bone marrow
Authors: Bonaud Amélie , Larraufie Pierre , Khamyath Mélanie , Szachnowski Ugo , Flint Shaun M. , Brunel‐Meunier Nadège , Delhommeau François , Munier Annie , Lönnberg Tapio , Toffano‐Nioche Claire , Gautheret Daniel , Balabanian Karl , Espéli Marion
Published: June 2023

Bone marrow (BM) long‐lived plasma cells (PCs) are essential for long‐term protection against infection, and their persistence within this organ relies on interactions with Cxcl12‐expressing stromal cells that are still not clearly identified. Here, using single cell RNAseq and in silico transinteractome analyses, we identified Leptin receptor positive (LepR+) mesenchymal cells as the stromal cell subset most likely to interact with PCs within the BM. Moreover, we demonstrated that depending on the isotype they express, PCs may use different sets of integrins and adhesion molecules to interact with these stromal cells. Altogether, our results constitute an unprecedented characterization of PC subset stromal niches and open new avenues for the specific targeting of BM PCs based on their isotype.
Cholesterol‐autoxidation metabolites in host defense against infectious diseases
Authors: Shi Qiwen , Zhan Tingzhu , Bi Xiaobao , Ye Bang‐ce , Qi Nan
Published: June 2023

Cholesterol plays essential roles in biological processes, including cell membrane stability and myelin formation. Cholesterol can be metabolized to oxysterols by enzymatic or nonenzymatic ways. Nonenzymatic cholesterol metabolites, also called cholesterol‐autoxidation metabolites, are formed dependent on the oxidation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as OH• or reactive nitrogen species, such as ONOO−. Cholesterol‐autoxidation metabolites are abundantly produced in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis, which are associated with oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that cholesterol‐autoxidation metabolites can further regulate the immune system. Here, we review the literature and summarize how cholesterol‐autoxidation metabolites, such as 25‐hydroxycholesterol (25‐OHC), 7α/β‐OHC, and 7‐ketocholesterol, deal with the occurrence and development of infectious diseases through pattern recognition receptors, inflammasomes, ROS production, nuclear receptors, G‐protein‐coupled receptor 183, and lipid availability. In addition, we include the research regarding the roles of these metabolites in COVID‐19 infection and discuss our viewpoints on the future research directions.