bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE BAĞLAMINDA DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK: BİR YAŞAM ÖYKÜSÜ ANALİZİ
Authors: Özdemir Yaprak
Published: December 2024

Öz
Dönüşümcü liderlik, idealleştirilmiş etki, ilham, zihinsel uyarım ve bireyselleştirilmiş ilgi yoluyla liderin takipçilerini ileriye taşımasını ifade eder. Örgütsel davranış alanında yapılan araştırmalar, dönüşümcü liderliğin birey grup ve örgüt düzeyinde olumlu etkilerini göstermiştir. Bu araştırma, dönüşümcü liderliğin Türkiye bağlamında bireysel ve davranışsal göstergelerine Fırat Demirel tarafından kaleme alınan Türkiye’nin başarılı üst düzey yöneticilerinden Süreyya Ciliv’in yaşam öyküsü vasıtasıyla ulaşmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi yapılarak veri öncelikle kodlanmış daha sonra kategoriler oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, dönüşümcü liderliğin beş boyutuna dair göstergelere ulaşılmıştır. Ciliv’in liderliğinde lham verici motivasyon ve atfedilen ideal etkinin en belirgin özellikler olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte ülkenin kalkınmasına katkıda bulunmak, risk almak, mücadeleci olmak, girişimcilik ve ailenin olumlu etkisi liderlik gelişimine katkıda bulunan önemli göstergeler olarak belirlenmiştir.
ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Krylov Denys
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the functional analysis of enterprise management is since its effectiveness allows to achieve not only the goal of activity, but also several urgent socio-economic problems. However, because of constant changes in the business environment, technological and digital transformation, the list of the main functional manifestations of enterprise management, which requires a comprehensive study, is significantly expanding. During the research, it was determined that today enterprise management should be considered as a kind of art that requires managers to constantly study, master new methods and improve practical skills. The classical approach proposed by A. Fayol was used as a basis for the division of enterprise management functions. In accordance with the main management functions inherent to any enterprise, regardless of the field of activity, we assigned planning, organization, motivation, coordination, control and regulation. However, numerous factors caused by transformational changes and the development of new technologies make it possible to expand this list with specific functions of enterprise management. Marketing, financial, personnel management, production, innovation, logistics, information support, and environmental functions were included in such functions.
GRANTWRITING DURING MARTIAL LAW: RISKS IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF INSTABILITY
Authors: Korovii Yaroslav , Veslova Yana
Published: December 2024

The article examines the essence of the category of «risk» in the context of grant-making in martial law. The author analyses the specific threats faced by grantees in the context of armed conflict, including political instability, economic crisis, humanitarian disaster, and logistical problems. Particular attention is paid to assessing the likelihood of these risks, their impact on project implementation, and developing strategies to mitigate the negative consequences. The aim of the study is to develop practical recommendations for grantees and grantors that will facilitate more efficient use of grant funds and establish close cooperation between all stakeholders. The document emphasizes the importance of collective efforts to overcome the challenges of martial law and achieve common goals. The study delves into the multifaceted nature of risks in wartime grantmaking, taking an interdisciplinary approach. It draws on knowledge from different fields such as management, sociology and political science to develop a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities. This interdisciplinary approach allows us to find innovative solutions and develop more robust risk management strategies. The study highlights the importance of proactive risk management and contingency planning. By anticipating potential risks and developing strategies to mitigate their impact, grantees can increase the likelihood of project success. The paper emphasizes the need for flexible and adaptive approaches that can respond to rapidly changing circumstances. It also highlights the importance of collaboration between grantees, donors and other stakeholders to share knowledge, resources and best practices. By developing strong partnerships, complex problems can be addressed and the resilience of conflict-affected communities can be strengthened. The findings of this study have important implications for policy makers, practitioners and researchers. By providing a deeper understanding of the risks and challenges associated with grantmaking in wartime, this research can contribute to the development of more effective grantmaking policies and practices. In addition, the recommendations presented in the paper can help grantees and donors make more informed decisions and allocate resources more effectively.
INNOVATIVE COMPONENT OF THE SOCIAL AND LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION AS A TOURIST REGION: PRIORITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Pasieka Stanislava , Kochuma Inna
Published: December 2024

Based on an analysis of various approaches to understanding labor potential, this article presents a unique definition of socio-labor potential. It is conceptualized as a combination of the capabilities, resources, and characteristics of the economically active population that enable their participation in labor activities, the creation of material and intangible goods, and contributions to socio-economic development. The article proposes a component-based structure of socio-labor potential, with a particular emphasis on its innovative dimension. This dimension is defined as the population's readiness and ability to adapt to change, adopt new technologies, apply modern work approaches, and actively engage in digital transformation. Its significance for the development of tourism regions is illustrated using the Prykarpattia region of Ukraine as a case study.
To detail the innovative dimension of socio-labor potential in the Prykarpattia region, specific types of activities contributing to the generation and application of innovative resources, opportunities, knowledge, and technologies were identified. These activities, which enhance the efficiency and development of human resources, include professional, scientific, and technical work, education, information services, and telecommunications. Collectively, they are categorized as the intellectual services sector, which plays a key role in shaping the innovative component of socio-labor potential. Innovations related to labor organization, professional training, human resource management, and the integration of digital and environmentally oriented technologies into labor practices are highlighted as pivotal in boosting productivity.
An analysis of the structure and employment trends within the intellectual services sector has revealed key trends and challenges in Prykarpattia’s innovative development. The article identifies strategic priorities for the formation and effective utilization of the innovative component of socio-labor potential. These priorities encompass advancements in technological, socio-cultural, educational-professional, institutional, and human resource management innovations. They are framed within the context of addressing the challenges of wartime and supporting Ukraine's post-war recovery, emphasizing the potential for sustainable and transformative regional growth.
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO MARKETING PROCESSES: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Bilous Svitlana , Suprun Daniil , Perepelytsia Egor
Published: December 2024

This article examines the challenges and prospects of integrating digital technologies into marketing processes, a critical topic given the increasing competitiveness of the global market. The study underscores the importance of developing effective strategies for adopting digital tools in marketing to retain existing customers, attract new target segments, and ensure long-term business growth. Additionally, it explores the potential of digital transformation in marketing to provide practical recommendations for optimizing resource use and enhancing profitability. By analyzing both theoretical frameworks and practical applications, the research highlights the dual significance of this topic: advancing academic understanding and offering actionable insights for improving organizational competitiveness in dynamic market environments. The findings of the study reveal that digital technologies, encompassing big data, AI, cloud computing, mobile applications, social media, the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain, offer multifaceted benefits for marketing. These benefits range from operational optimization and cost reduction to increased productivity and competitive positioning. The ability to automate routine processes reduces reliance on manual labor, accelerates order processing, and improves inventory management. Additionally, personalized customer interaction becomes feasible through advanced data analytics, enabling businesses to tailor marketing strategies to specific audience segments, thereby enhancing customer loyalty and boosting sales. A significant focus of the study is on the integration of digital tools with traditional marketing methods to achieve synergy rather than replacement. This approach ensures a balanced evolution of marketing strategies, leveraging the strengths of both digital and conventional techniques. The ethical and privacy implications of big data utilization also demand attention, requiring a nuanced approach to safeguard consumer trust while exploiting data-driven opportunities. In conclusion, this research highlights the critical role of digital technology integration in transforming marketing practices. By leveraging innovative tools and strategies, businesses can improve operational efficiency, enhance customer experiences, and secure a competitive advantage in the digital age. The insights presented here offer valuable guidance for academics and practitioners aiming to navigate the complexities of digital transformation in marketing.
ENSURING THE QUALITY OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IN BUSINESS PROJECTS
Authors: Shulyar Roman , Kokhanchyk Oleg , Zamohilnyi Oleg
Published: December 2024

The article reviews the issues of ensuring the quality of products and services at the stage of business projects. Early quality assurance is justified, which plays a key role in determining the competitiveness and success of the future project of the enterprise. In business projects, requirements for the quality of products and services are established. However, research is needed on approaches to early quality assurance at this stage through comprehensive fixation of requirements for this aspect of the project. This will ensure that products and services meet expectations and regulatory requirements. The main approaches for fixing the quality of products and services in business and technical projects are proposed to be compliance with production process standards, requirements for product safety, environmental requirements, requirements for materials and components, requirements for suppliers, technical characteristics and product tolerances, quality control at production stages, requirements for packaging and logistics, product certification, if the product requires special certification, etc. The approaches recommended in the article are established at the level of individual sections of the business project to ensure that products and services meet the requirements. Correlated between project sections and reliable fixation of requirements lay the foundation for reliable and stable quality assurance throughout the entire product life cycle, and require early support at the level of business project formation. The main points are proposed, which are laid down as standards and requirements for quality in project sections, which will become the basis for all production processes. An important aspect is identified as market analysis, which allows you to understand consumer needs and determine product quality requirements and the choice of technical characteristics, materials and production processes and the provision of services, which are selected in accordance with target standards, which allows you to avoid of defects in the future. Project management is defined as the stage of planning and determining quality control methods, principles for selecting reliable suppliers.
THE PARADIGMATIC TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY AND ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE
Authors: Larionova Kateryna , Vecherov Valerii
Published: December 2024

The modern era of public administration is increasingly shaped by digital technologies, which transform administrative processes and foster the development of e-governance and e-democracy. These phenomena aim to enhance government transparency, reduce bureaucratic barriers, and promote active citizen engagement in decision-making. While e-governance is primarily an instrument for facilitating public access to government services, e-democracy functions as a tool for citizen involvement in democratic processes, highlighting the necessity of distinguishing between these concepts. Scholarly debates about their interrelationship present diverse viewpoints, grouped here into four key approaches: the convergence, sequential, instrumental, and critical approaches.
The convergence approach argues for the seamless integration of e-governance and e-democracy, suggesting they naturally complement each other in advancing citizen-government interaction. The sequential approach, in contrast, posits that e-governance establishes a foundation that enables the subsequent emergence of e-democracy. The instrumental approach views e-governance as a pragmatic tool, while e-democracy represents a normative goal, placing distinct emphasis on their practical applications. Lastly, the critical approach scrutinizes both concepts, questioning whether technological solutions truly democratize governance or simply reinforce existing power structures.
Using a historical method, this article conducts a retrospective analysis of the relationship between e-governance and e-democracy, considering shifts in public administration paradigms. This study provides insights into how evolving digital practices influence the theoretical and practical boundaries of contemporary governance. The modern transition to post-new public management is accompanied by the strengthening of the role of citizens as active interested participants in the processes of production, management and control of public services. At the same time, it is always important to take into account the warning of a critical approach regarding the potential danger to e-democracy.
STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO ATTRACTING INVESTMENT IN RURAL AREA DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Nepochatenko Olena , Verniuk Nataliia , Movchaniuk Anastasiia
Published: December 2024

The article discusses strategic approaches to attracting investment in the development of rural areas. It is emphasized that in contemporary conditions, key aspects are becoming economic stability, efficient resource utilization, ensuring food security, and social protection of the population.  It is established that the development of rural areas depends on the efficiency of economic activity of agricultural enterprises located in these areas.
A thorough analysis of the dynamics of capital investments in the Ukrainian economy and agricultural sector has revealed the need to develop conceptual approaches for defining the strategic foundations of investment provision as a complex economic process. It has been argued that attracting investments, both domestic and foreign, is essential for the comprehensive development of rural areas and the agricultural sector. Such investments would contribute to modernizing agricultural production, improving its efficiency, expanding infrastructure, and stimulating job creation. Given this context, there is a pressing need for innovative strategies to attract investments for rural development. These strategies should adopt an integrated approach that addresses economic, infrastructure, and social dimensions, fostering the sustainable development of the agricultural sector as a cornerstone of Ukraine’s economic revitalization.
It is evident that the successful implementation of strategic rural development initiatives necessitates a comprehensive approach involving active participation from government agencies, local authorities, agricultural businesses, and rural communities. A conceptual framework for managing financial flows within logistics systems will contribute to crisis prevention, improved operational efficiency, and the overall growth of the sector.
Extended Kurchatov-type methods for solving nonlinear equations
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , Shakhno Stepan , Regmi Samundra , Havdiak Mykhailo
Published: December 2024

A plethora of applications from diverse disciplines can be solved if reduced to nonlinear equations in suitable abstract spaces. Such equations are solved mostly iteratively. That is why, three-step iterative methods of the Kurchatov-type for solving nonlinear operator equations are investigated using approximation by the Frechet derivative of an operator of a nonlinear equation by divided di erences. We study the local and the semi-local convergence using conditions only on the operators on the methods. The conditions and speed of convergence of these methods are determined. Moreover, the domain of uniqueness is found for the solution. The results of numerical experiments validate the theoretical results. The new idea can be used on other iterative methods utilizing inverses of divided di erences of order one.
Ressenya de La enseñanza del español mediada por tecnología. De la justicia social a la Inteligencia Artificial (IA)
Authors: Cremades Elga
Published: December 2024

Ressenya de La enseñanza del español mediada por tecnología. De la justicia social a la Inteligencia Artificial (IA)
Ressenya de Metodología de la investigación en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua (L2) / lengua extranjera (LE)
Authors: Muñoz Tirado José
Published: December 2024

Ressenya de Metodología de la investigación en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua (L2) / lengua extranjera (LE)
The Role of Marketing Mix in Driving Rice Sales: A Study of Brother Mitra Nusantara Rice Factory in Sukojember Village
Authors: Mita Wulandari  , Haris Hermawan  , Nursaidah
Published: December 2024

The research entitled “Marketing Mix To Strategi To Increace Rice Sales: Study at The Brother Mitra Nusantara Rice Factory In Sukojember Village”was prepared at the Faculty of Economic and Bussiness, Muhammadiyah University Of Jember, in 2024. The main aim of this research is to analyze: 1). The influence of the product on increase in rices sales, 2). The effect of price on increasing rice sales, 3). The effect of promotions on increasing rice sales, 4). The effect of distribution on increasing rice sales. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection through a questionnaire method. Data analysis was carried out using. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis and correlation coefficient significance test. The result of the research show that: the product, price, promotion and distribution ha a significant and positive influence on increasing rice sales at Brother Mitra Nusantara In Sukojember Village.
The Role of HR Information Systems, Competence and Work Discipline in Improving Employee Performance in (Study of Regional Revenue Management UPT Jember District)
Authors: Dana Muhammad Nur Alam  , Trias Setyowati  , Tatit Diansari Reskiputri
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze and determine the role of HR Information Systems, Competency and Work Discipline in Increasing Employee Performance in (UPT Study of Jember Regency Regional Revenue Management). This research uses a qualitative research approach with a descriptive type. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis uses an interactive model of Milles, Huberman and Saldana theory with steps of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing, data validity using source triangulation and technique triangulation. The results of this research are: 1) HR information systems play an important role in employee performance, namely attendance using FC ID finger print because recording digital attendance is one of the first steps to improve the performance of employees at the Jember Regional Revenue Management UPT. 2) Employee competency plays an important role in improving performance at the Jember Regional Revenue Management UPT. a) Interpersonal competence (active joint operations and socialization of superior service schedules). b) Leadership competency (Jember coordinator performance evaluation meeting). c) Personality competency (optimization of external services to collect motor vehicle tax arrears). d) Public service competency (mobile samsat). 3) Work discipline plays a very important role in improving employee performance in terms of timeliness, compliance with rules and procedures and ensuring tasks are completed on time. a) Timeliness (digital attendance). b) Compliance with regulations (definite time for coming to the office and completing tasks), c) Ensuring that each task is completed on time (actively coordinating data collection section and matching data related to P-AP TA.2024
How Lifestyle and Hedonic Shopping Motivation Drive Impulse Purchases on Tokopedia
Authors: Nanda Kurniati Maulida  , Haris Hermawan  , Wenny Murtalining Tyas
Published: December 2024

Increasingly sophisticated technological advances have caused changes in society’s activities, one of which is regarding people's purchasing power. Through the marketplace, there is a change in people's behavior from shopping offline in stores to shopping online. This research aims to analyze the influence of hedonic shopping motivation, lifestyle and psychological pricing on impulse purchase behavior on Tokopedia. This research is an exploratory type of causality to measure the relationship between two or more variables. The sample for this research consisted of 68 respondents who used the Tokopedia application. Nonprobability sampling which type of purposive sampling, is the sampling technique in this research, nonprobability sampling is a type of sampling that does not utilise random sampling techniques where the probability of getting any particular sample may be calculated. The sample consisted of respondents consisting of men and women aged 17 years and over and who had made purchases on the Tokopedia application more than once. Researchers used multiple linier regression on SPSS as a data analysis. The results of the analysis obtained in this research are that hedonic shopping motivation has a significant effect on impulsive purchase, lifestyle has a significant effect on impulsive purchase, psychological pricing has a significant effect on impulsive purchase.
Neural Entropy Mapping for Real-Time Ransomware Detection
Authors: Tuchawena Leon , Wainwright Alexander , Vandermeer Callum , Haverfield Victoria
Published: December 2024

A novel framework has been introduced to address the challenges of detecting advanced ransomware variants through the application of entropy-based analysis and neural processing techniques. Leveraging entropy characteristics intrinsic to ransomware behaviors, the method identifies both known and novel variants with remarkable precision. The integration of adaptive neural architectures ensures the system's ability to discern subtle and complex patterns within telemetry data, overcoming limitations often associated with traditional detection approaches. Experimental evaluations highlight consistent performance across diverse datasets, achieving high detection accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency. Comparative analyses demonstrate significant improvements in false positive rates and detection latency when benchmarked against existing signature-based and heuristic systems. The framework's scalability was validated in distributed environments, where detection metrics remained robust under increasing workloads. By employing dynamic entropy profiling, the proposed method effectively adapts to the evolving nature of ransomware tactics. Empirical results underscore its applicability in real-time scenarios, addressing the need for rapid and reliable responses to cyber threats. The modular design facilitates seamless integration into enterprise-level cybersecurity systems, providing a scalable and practical solution. Overall, the research highlights a new approach that aligns innovative entropy-based methodologies with the operational requirements of contemporary cybersecurity challenges.
Economic returns on fungicide use across soybean cultivars with varying tolerance to target spot (Corynespora cassiicola)
Authors: Tomáz Ricardo Gomes , Godoy Cláudia Vieira , Del Ponte Emerson Medeiros
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the economic viability of fungicide use in managing target spot disease, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, across soybean cultivars with varying tolerance levels. An extensive dataset was collected over 11 growing seasons (2012/2013 to 2022/2023) from 173 trials in six Brazilian states. A total of 56 soybean cultivars were classified into high, medium, and low tolerance categories based on calculated relative damage coefficients (DC; or the percent reduction in yield per percent point [p.p.] increase in severity) derived from linear regression models between yield and late-season disease severity. Stochastic simulations, incorporating factors such as attainable yield, fungicide cost, and efficacy, were performed to estimate the probability of break-even on costs with fungicide, the economic returns, and the economic damage thresholds (EDT; % severity) under scenarios of attainable yield and disease pressure scenarios. The results showed that low-tolerance cultivars (mean DC = 1.0 %/p.p) consistently achieved higher yield benefits (up to 2,510 kg/ha) and profitability with fungicide applications, especially under scenarios of high disease pressure (>30%) and high attainable yield (>4,000 kg/ha). Conversely, high-tolerance cultivars (mean DC = 0.2 %/p.p) exhibited lower economic returns, greater resilience to declining fungicide efficacy over multiple seasons, and the highest EDT (10.1%), underscoring their potential for sustainable disease management. Medium-tolerance cultivars (mean DC = 0.6 %/p.p) showed intermediate outcomes in terms of profitability and yield difference. While low-tolerance cultivars benefit most from chemical interventions, high-tolerance cultivars offer a sustainable alternative by reducing reliance on fungicides, minimizing environmental impact, and mitigating economic risks associated with fungicide resistance and reduced efficacy. These findings provide valuable insights for decision-making in soybean disease management, emphasizing the integration of cultivar selection and economic thresholds into targeted fungicide programs.
A maximal clique-based integer programming method for overlapping community detection
Authors: Brusco Michael , Steinley Douglas , Watts Ashley L
Published: December 2024

Community detection, which requires the clustering of the vertices of a network graph, is an important component of network science. A variety of mathematical programming models and heuristics have been developed for community detection and they seek to optimize criteria such as the modularity score (Q) or the modularity density function. These methods typically establish a partition of the vertices; however, there are many network applications where a partition is overly restrictive. In such instances, overlapping community detection methods are useful because they allow vertices to have membership in more than one community. Cliques are a critical building block for some overlapping clustering methods, including those designed for weighted networks that are of particular interest herein. One recently-proposed method assembles candidate communities from maximal cliques and then uses a set-covering approach to select from the candidates. The method is limited by the heuristic nature of the process for establishing the candidate communities. In this paper, we remedy this problem by presenting a mathematical programming model that will directly construct the communities from the cliques, thus obviating the need to build candidate communities. This ‘modified’ method incorporates ideas from recent advancements for network clustering to establish constraints in the assembly of cliques to form communities.
The Science of Honesty: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Shalvi Shaul , Levine Emma , Thielmann Isabel , Jayawickreme Eranda , van Rooij Benjamin , Teodorescu Kinneret , Schurr Amos , Furr Mike , Aglioti Salvatore Maria , Zettler Ingo , Cohen Taya R. , Pittarello Andrea , Barkan Rachel , Köbis Nils , Leib Margarita , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Schulz Jonathan Friedemann , Dimant Eugen , van Kleef Gerben , Ścigała Karolina Aleksandra , Rilke Rainer Michael , Ayal Shahar , Beersma Bianca , Plonsky Ori , Hilbig Benjamin E. , Weisel Ori , Butera Fabrizio , Feldman Yuval , Verschuere Bruno , Zanetti Cinzia , Hochman Guy , Kret Mariska , Peer Eyal , Capraro Valerio , Dorrough Angela Rachael , Speer Sebastian , Ritov Ilana
Published: December 2024

Honesty, defined as freedom from fraud or deception, is widely valued in many aspects of life, from personal relationships to professional settings. Yet acts of dishonesty remain widespread, including political and corporate scandals, misinformation, personal betrayal, and so on. Understanding honesty and the factors that influence it provides insights that are essential for fostering trust and combating corruption. In this review, we synthesize key findings from research on honesty, focusing on when people choose to be truthful or deceptive. We argue that although much is known about honesty in isolated, low-risk contexts, an urgent need exists to study honesty in more complex, realistic settings, such as those involving interpersonal relationships, potential sanctions, or group influences. Our proposed framework highlights understudied contexts and encourages future studies to explore settings where enforcement and social dynamics play a significant role in decision-making. To do so, we point out 66 open research questions that we find most promising to explore. By integrating insights from multiple disciplines, we aim to advance the understanding of honesty and provide a roadmap for research that can inform policies and interventions to promote integrity in society.
Scenario of Financing Secondary Education in Nepal
Authors: Siwakoti Dhruba Raj
Published: December 2024

Not available.
Nepal Human Development Scenario
Authors: Dahal Mahesh Raj
Published: December 2024

Not available.
Verification and Bias Correction of Rainfall and Temperature Forecasts over the Babai River Basin of Nepal
Authors: Gautam Dilip Kumar , Pradhananga Raju Dhar
Published: December 2024

Weather Research & Forecasting model is known to exhibit systematic biases for weather variables. These biases need to be post-processed to get an optimal result before applying the weather forecast data in hydrological modeling or similar applications. In this paper, we examined the performance of Weather Research & Forecasting Model forecasts for rainfall and temperature over the Babai River basin of Nepal considering various performance indicators using statistical approach. The model was able to capture the rainfall event forecast (Rain/No Rain) sufficiently. However, the model showed poor skill in forecasting the amount and over-forecasted the rainfall. The multi-category (No Rain, Light Rain, Moderate Rain and Heavy Rain) verifications showed over-forecast in light rain and moderate rain categories and under-forecast in no rain and heavy rain categories. We examined various bias correction schemes such as distribution-derived transformations, parametric transformations and nonparametric transformations to get de-biased results. The empirical quantile mapping is the best scheme for bias correction of both rainfall and temperature. In case of temperature, the linear transformation, robust quantile mapping and smoothing spline schemes also performed well.
Unveiling Nepal’s Hydro-Climatic Diversity: A Comprehensive Study from East to West
Authors: Bhattarai Bikas Chandra
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the comprehensive analysis of temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns across four distinct blocks in Nepal, shedding light on regional climate variations. Examining a 30-year (1990 – 2020) dataset, temperature variations reveal the East: Block 1 consistently experiencing higher average temperatures. Findings align with existing research, emphasizing local geographical features influence on temperature gradients. The precipitation analysis indicates the Block 1 receives the highest rainfall, correlating with established monsoon patterns. Western regions (Block 3) transition to arid climates, influenced by its most area in rain shadow effect of the Himalayas. Regression analysis reveals a warming trend in all blocks, reinforcing global climate change impacts. Precipitation trends exhibit nuances, with the East and Centre (Block 2) experiencing increases, while the Block 4 shows a decreasing trend. Extreme precipitation values highlight spatial variability, crucial for climate adaptation strategies. The study extends to extreme wind analysis, showcasing distinct patterns in each block, providing insights into potential risks. Wind direction analysis reveals unique patterns, contributing to a holistic understanding of regional climate dynamics. These findings contribute to the scientific discourse on climate resilience, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies in diverse geographical contexts.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall in the Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Gaire Amrit , Bagale Damodar , Acharya Prabin , Acharya Ram Hari
Published: December 2024

The temporal and spatial variability of seasonal, annual, and decadal rainfall over 44 years in western Nepal was investigated using rainfall data from 36 meteorological stations in various physiographic regions. Missing data were addressed using the normal ratio method, and significant trends in annual rainfall were assessed through the Man-Kendall test. Western Nepal receives about 79.7% of annual rainfall during the monsoon, followed by 10.7% during the pre-monsoon, 3.3% during the post-monsoon, and 6.3% during the winter. The analysis revealed distinct seasonal excess and deficit episodes, with the highest monsoon rainfall recorded in 2000 and the lowest in 1979. During the study period, there is a large temporal variability of seasonal and annual rainfall. The central part of western Nepal receives heavy rainfall in monsoon seasons than other parts. In winter seasons more rainfall is received in the Northwest part and decreases towards the central and eastern parts of western Nepal. The midlands of western Nepal received higher annual rainfall than the other regions. The present study identified that the seasonal rainfall has been decreasing patterns in the Western region of Nepal for the past four decades.
Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary hospital of Nepal
Authors: Rajbhandari Piyush , Maharjan Shanta , Pradhan Prasil , Aryal Sushant
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of healthcare associated infection. It causes different types of difficult-to-treat infections as these pathogens are resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. The changing epidemiology, ever-increasing prevalence and changing trends of susceptible antibiotics is a global concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA isolated from various samples.
Method: It was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences. All the records of the patient whose culture and sensitivity report yielded Staphylococcus aureus from 1st January 2021 to 31st December of 2023 was extracted from the hospital electronic database and analyzed. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee.
Result: Out of 1259 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 570(45.14%) were MRSA out of which, 380(66.67%) were identified from samples collected through outpatient department visits. MRSA had higher sensitivity to vancomycin (100%), linezolid (97.57%), doxycycline (93.17%) and chloramphenicol (84.67%). The sensitivity was concerning to clindamycin (39.57%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (36.23%), azithromycin (32.73%) and erythromycin (27.87%) and very alarming to gentamicin (19.00%), ofloxacin (5.57%) and ciprofloxacin (4.40%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA infection is alarming in the patients visiting our outpatient departments and has shown no signs of improvement over the past three years. Gradual decline to once sensitive drugs is now being observed. To address this issue, continuous surveillance, good Infection control practices and judicious antibiotic use are needed not only in hospitals but also in community settings.
A longitudinal study on change in empathy in the first two years among medical students
Authors: Arjyal Amit , GC Krishna Bahadur , Subedi Madhusudan , Gongal Rajesh Nath
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Change of empathy as students progress through medical school has been varyingly described with some studies reporting a decline and others little change. This study longitudinally assessed empathy change from the start of the first year to the start of the third year in a batch of medical students.
Method: This study was carried out at Patan Academy of Health Sciences which has adopted an innovative basic sciences curriculum comprised of medical humanities, problem based learning, rural residential postings, early patient interactions and longitudinal chronic patient follow-ups. Students in the intake of 2019-20 filled the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Student version questionnaire at the start of first and third years. Participants provided voluntary informed consent. Institutional Review Committee granted ethical approval to the research.
Result: Fifty-three students who participated in the study at the start of the first year were followed up at the start of the third year. The mean(±SD) empathy score showed a significant rise at the start of the third year, 112.9(±8.7) compared to the score at the start of the first year 105.6(±10.5) with a rise of 7.2 points (95% CI=3.8-10.7), p-value<0.001. In males there was a rise of 8.6 points(95% CI=3.2-14.0), p-value=0.003 and in females 5.8 points(95% CI=1.3-10.4), p-value=0.014. The rise was also seen in some subgroups based on future-speciality choice.
Conclusion: This study showed a significant rise in empathy scores in the third year when compared to the start of the first year. This may be attributed to PAHS’s innovative curriculum.
Fingertip replantation using artery-only anastomosis: case series
Authors: Giri Piyush , Pokhrel Shrinkhala , Pandey Pratishtha , Kunwar Sushma , Khadka Karuna
Published: December 2024

The fingertip is a complex organ compacted with precise functional roles of fine movements and fine touch sensory functions. Fingertip injury commonly occurs in machinery work, and presents as crush injuries or amputations. Even though it is a challenging procedure due to the area of injury relative to the size of vessels for restoration, fingertip replantation has been developing as a newer method for both functional and aesthetic restoration, with better success rates and improved long-term outcomes. Artery-only replant has been emerging as a suitable option in many cases, which allows the blood to flow out of the injury site, allowing the natural venous revascularization, owing to the difficulty in small venous anastomosis. Here, we present two cases with fingertip replantation using artery-only anastomosis who underwent fingertip replantation at Tamai level II without venous anastomosis.
Niche based distribution modelling and mapping of Brutian pine in the Gölhisar district
Authors: Şentürk Özdemir
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this work was to elucidate the fundamental characteristics and application areas of various modelling techniques that are widely employed in current ecological modelling research. Using five distinct distribution modelling techniques, possible species distribution modelling and mapping of the Brutian pine species in the Gölhisar district were conducted. The data was collected from Brutian pine species in 400 sampling plots in the area. The variables used in the models were elevation, slope, aspect, radiation index, heat index, topographic position index and bedrock types. Logistic regression, classification tree, random forest, generalized additive model and maximum entropy were used as the species distribution modelling methods. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were created and the performance of the species distribution models was evaluated with the Area Under the ROC curve (AUC). The statistical analyses revealed that the best models were generalized additive model, random forest, classification tree, maximum entropy and logistic regression, respectively. Elevation and bedrock types had the highest contribution to the Brutian pine distribution models. The outputs of the generalized additive model technique that had the highest AUC value were mapped. Some ecological and statistical differences were found between the models and their reasons were presented. Compared to the methods commonly used in species distribution modelling studies, generalized additive model technique has a specific smoothing function which ensures both fittings between the envirenvironmental changes and explanatory curves and more accurate ecological interpretation of the models obtained.
Les croyances à propos de la violence conjugale : des stéréotypes sexistes à l’utopie lesbienne
Authors: Eyraud Fiona , Casini Annalisa , Klein Olivier
Published: December 2024

Nous explorons les croyances collectives et les stéréotypes de genre entourant les violences conjugales. Ces stéréotypes structurent notre perception du monde social tout en servant à justifier et maintenir des hiérarchies de pouvoir. Par exemple, l’invisibilité des violences dans les relations lesbiennes nourrit l’idée que seules les relations hétérosexuelles peuvent être violentes, renforçant ainsi la vision d’une violence exclusivement masculine et dépeignant les femmes comme essentiellement passives. Or, bien que la violence entre femmes existe, elle s’inscrit dans une analyse différente des rapports de pouvoir sur le plan structurel. Certains groupes minoritaires pourraient exploiter ces stéréotypes à des fins stratégiques pour valoriser leur identité sociale : les lesbiennes, confrontées à l’homophobie, peuvent se représenter leurs relations comme plus égalitaires, ce qui aide à contrer les stéréotypes négatifs et la stigmatisation. Cette stratégie peut influencer positivement les perceptions sociales, mais elle risque aussi de renforcer la conception binaire des rôles de genre et de minimiser la violence réelle dans les couples lesbiens. La difficulté réside donc dans l’usage des stéréotypes pour contrer l’oppression tout en évitant de renforcer les mêmes croyances et d’invisibiliser des problématiques urgentes.
Pourquoi les Français doutent-ils tant des vaccins ?
Authors: Cafiero Florian
Published: December 2024

Cette étude explore les raisons qui sous-tendent les niveaux très élevés d’hésitation vaccinale en France par rapport aux tendances mondiales. En élargissant le concept d’écosystème informationnel à la production scientifique, nous menons une analyse scientométrique des recherches sur la sécurité des vaccins, en examinant comment les discours scientifiques, y compris ceux provenant de perspectives marginalisées, influencent les perceptions du public. L’analyse met en évidence un aspect unique du contexte français : il s’agit de l’un des rares pays où des experts légitimes critiquent ouvertement les vaccins sur la base d’études évaluées par les pairs et non rétractées. Cependant, ces critiques ne reçoivent qu’une couverture modérée dans les médias grand public français. Les résultats suggèrent que l’administration de la recherche scientifique mérite une plus grande attention pour comprendre la formation des croyances collectives sur les vaccins, plutôt que de se concentrer uniquement sur des facteurs bien connus tels que la désinformation ou les biais cognitifs dans les controverses socio-techniques.
Determining the Cost-Effectiveness of Home Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gousia Katerina , Teo Hansel , Rand Stacey , Vadean Florin
Published: December 2024

Context: The demand for long-term care services provided at home (home care) has increased over time. However, we do not know whether home care is cost-effective with respect to other care options. This restricts the ability of policymakers to allocate the limited resources for long-term care efficiently.
Objectives: The purpose of this scoping review is to understand what is already known about the comparative cost-effectiveness of home care versus other care options, different modes of home care and different intensities of home care.
Methods: We searched six electronic databases in January and February 2023. A total of 1,191 items were identified and reviewed. Fourteen papers were thematically analysed, and the findings were presented under four themes: definition of home care and comparators; measurement of outcomes and costs; treatment of informal care; and methods.
Findings: The existing evaluations of home care lack a standardised framework for measuring outcomes, costs and the impact of informal care and suffer from methodological limitations. Evidence on the comparison between traditional home care options and other models of home-based care, such as directly employed personal assistants or extra care housing schemes, is currently missing.
Limitations: The definition of home care can vary across countries and studies, which may affect our ability to capture relevant literature.
Implications: Future work in the evaluation of home care will need to use new outcome measures, incorporate caregivers’ outcomes, and employ newer statistical methods. Relevant authorities also need to prioritise making routinely collected data linkable and accessible.
Del debate a la acción: el asociacionismo frente a la externalización y la desregulación laboral
Authors: Juárez Fernando
Published: December 2024

Esta nota aborda la problemática de la externalización y la desregulación laboral en el sector de bibliotecas, archivos y centros de documentación (GLAM). Se reflexiona sobre cómo estas prácticas afectan las condiciones laborales de los profesionales y la calidad de los servicios, destacando la ausencia de un marco regulador específico y de asociaciones patronales en el sector. A través de la experiencia de Aldee en la firma del convenio sectorial de Gipuzkoa, se presentan las dificultades y limitaciones de impulsar soluciones locales frente a un problema estructural de alcance nacional. Asimismo, se analizan las divisiones internas en torno a la externalización: desde una postura ética que la rechaza como modelo, hasta una perspectiva pragmática que busca regularla para minimizar su impacto. Finalmente, se enfatiza la necesidad de una acción coordinada y estructural que garantice condiciones laborales dignas, salvaguardando los valores y la sostenibilidad del sector.