bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Pediculosis infection and cofactors among 8-10-year-old Female students in Bushehr province, Iran
Authors: Asadian Ali , Moqadas Adel , Mahbobi Rad Mahmood , Sotoudeh Ahmad , Fattahi Ardakani Mojtaba
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Lice are widespread at a global scale and afflict all socioeconomic classes. Despite advanced healthcare, head lice are particularly prevalent among elementary school female students. Thus, the present research aims to explore pediculosis infection and its cofactors among 8-10-year-old female students in Jam County, Bushehr province, Iran, in 2019. Methodology: The present descriptive research was analytical in type. The research population comprised female elementary school students in Jam County, selected through multi-stage randomization. The final sample selected consisted of 854 participants. The data collection instruments were a questionnaire and an optic test of all students at school. SPSS 22 was used to statistically analyze the data via Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The significance level was set at <0.05. Findings: The mean age of the participating students was 9.5 years. The prevalence of head lice among this sample was 15.4% and was higher in urban areas than the rural. Statistically significant correlations were found between lice infection and variables including father’s occupation and education, mother’s occupation and education and having a bathroom at home (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of lice in the present research showed to be higher that a body of related literature. Thus, it is essential to make preventive interventions to diagnose, treat and control pediculosis and consider the infection-related cofactors of lice infection in healthcare centers.
Enzymes associated with anti-inflammatory potentialities of purified terpenoid extracts from the selected sea weeds
Authors: S Sumayya S , S Lubaina A , K Murugan
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Macrophages are phagocytic WBCs involved in the immune defense and will be activated during inflammatory disorders. The synthesis of cytokines and mediators, particularly nitric oxide (NO) is triggered by the macrophage activator. NO induces many biological events. Therefore, NO regulation is proven to be potential for exploring anti-inflammatory drugs. Aim: The anti-inflammatory action of the purified terpenoid extracts from red algae such as Hypnea musciformis, Gracilaria dura and Kappaphycus alvarezii on LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages on lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase inhibitory effects were evaluated. Methods: The methanolic extract of the sea weeds were subjected to silica gel column chromatography and the fraction was further subjected to GC-MS analysis. Then, the potentiality of the purified terpenoid extracts to inhibit various inflammation causing enzymes such as COX, LOX, hyaluronidase, xanthineoxidase and myeloperoxidase were carried out. Findings: The terpenoid extracts reduced the enzyme activities in a dose dependent manner as compared to control group. The extracts inhibited xanthine oxidase activity effectively at 250 µg/ml i.e., a maximum inhibitory activity of 62.1% as compared to the standard drug, allopurinol. The extract significantly inhibited lipoxygenase activity, with highest inhibitory activity at 100 µg/ml. The nitric acid synthesis was reduced to 8.5 µM by Hypnea musciformis. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the purified terpenoid extracts from H. musciformis exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities followed by G. dura and K. alvarezii via regulating the anti-inflammatory enzymes. These findings provide justification for the traditional use of the red algae in inflammatory conditions.
Evaluation of In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activity of Kukkutanakhi Guggula on Liver, Prostrate, Ovary and Renal Cancer
Authors: Khan Mujahid B , Sathe Ninad , Rathi Bharat
Published: October 2020

The medicines prepared by using exudates of Commiphora mukul (Stocks) Hook. are described in Ayurveda under Guggula Kalpana which are among such valuable dosage forms. According to retrospective literary review, the combination of Kukkutnaki (Aspidium cicutarium Sw.) and purified Guggula(Commiphora mukul (Stocks) Hook.) was first mentioned in the book Chikitsa pradeep named as Kukkutnaki Guggula. Since last 3 decades, it was documented as an herbal drug which is used for cysts, goiter, tumors, tonsillitis, abscess, mansvaha strotas ailments, which are burning issues worldwide. Due to its observed clinical efficacy in Arbuda (~Cancer), the current in-vitro anticancer study was conducted with an aim to check its anticancer effect on human hepatoma cell line-HEPG2 of Liver; PC-3 and DU145 cancer cell lines of Prostate; Ovcar-3, A2780, SK-OV-3, PA-1 cancer cell lines of Ovary and ACHN renal cancer cell line of Kidney. The current in vitro study was conducted at ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. The selected cancer cell lines were procured from ATCC, USA and NCCS Pune. The Sulforhodamine B (SRB) Assay protocol was followed to observe the activity of the study drug. The positive control was Adriamycin in the study. The growth curve graphs were plotted and LC50, GI50, TGI values were calculated. Kukkutnakhi Guggula was found safe for oral administration, non- toxic at cellular level (LC50 values were > 160) and have moderate activity on HEPG2, Ovcar-3, DU145, ACHN cancer cell lines and had shown negligible activity on A2780, SK-OV-3, PA-1 and PC-3 cell lines. This work provides scope to study its effect on targeted cancers, specific in vivo scientific studies and human clinical trials for further researchers.
Explaining the role and relationship between spiritual intelligence and hidden anxiety and test anxiety in students: Application of path analysis
Authors: Darabiyan Pouriya , Ghanbari Saeed , Sadeghi Hajar , Jamshidi Zeinab , Hadi Fereshteh , Ghaemi Zade SimaSadat , Rafi Alireza , Molavynejad Shahram
Published: October 2020

Objective: Spiritual intelligence is manifested when a person spends his life in complete spirituality. Anxiety and test anxiety are among the most common psychological and emotional problems during student life that have a negative impact on students' mental health and academic performance. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the role and relationship between spiritual intelligence and hidden anxiety and test anxiety. Methods: This analytical study was performed on 503 nursing and midwifery students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (2018) using the available sampling method. King spiritual intelligence scale, Sarason's test anxiety scale, and Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. To analyze the data, statistical methods of path analysis and correlation coefficients were used. Results: The overall effect of test anxiety variable on spiritual intelligence variable is 0.1632 and the overall effect of hidden anxiety variable on spiritual intelligence variable is -0.07. Spiritual intelligence has a significant relationship with test anxiety, so that with increasing mental intelligence, test anxiety is decreased. While in the case of significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and hidden anxiety, with increasing spiritual intelligence, hidden anxiety is also increased. There was no significant relationship between hidden anxiety and test anxiety. The two variables of hidden anxiety and test anxiety have a very weak effect on spiritual intelligence. The effect of hidden anxiety is not significant at all, and the effect of test anxiety is very weak, although being significant. Conclusion: High spiritual intelligence indicates lower test anxiety, while it is inversely related to hidden anxiety. As a result, high spiritual intelligence does not indicate less hidden anxiety in individuals. So it cannot be said for sure that spiritual intelligence plays an important role in reducing anxiety.
Effectiveness of Mukhaprakshalan by Varun qwath & Jatiphaladi Lepa in Mukhadushika (Acne Vulgaris)
Authors: Hagone Prajkta Anil , Kuchewar Vaishali
Published: October 2020

Due to increased competition of earning prosperity in today era human adopted not only lifestyle but also food habits of western culture which is chiefly responsible to derangement in their physiology and responsible to number of skin disorder like Yuvan pidika (acne vulgaris). In Ayurveda vitiation of Vata, Kapha and Rakta are etiological factor that give rise to Yuvan pidika. That is why there is a need of such treatment that contains Vata kapha shamaka and Raktasodhaka property. For this Varun quath Mukhaprakshal and Jatiphaladi lepa were selected for the study on 30 registered patients. Both drugs were applied twice a day for 15 days. This study shows highly significant result to ameliorate the symptom of Yuvan pidika especially on pidika. Both these drugs proved their efficacy to manage Yuvan pidika by making homeostasis of Vata, Kapha and Rakta.
Evaluation of Nursing stress and its effective factors in nurses of Shahidzadeh Hospital in Behbahan in 2019: Challenges in Nursing
Authors: Rafi Alireza , Bandani Azita , Ghaemi Zade Sima Sadat , Darabiyan Pouriya , Jamshidi Zeinab , Hasanzadeh Mina , Kheibar Nasrin
Published: October 2020

Background and Aim: Nursing is one of the occupations that face a lot of stress in medical settings, especially hospitals. Job stress can negatively affect a nurse's performance and how she cares for her patient. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the level of job stress in nurses of Shahidzadeh Hospital in Behbahan. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional analytical study. The instruments used in the study included demographic information and an expanded nursing stress scale questionnaire. The study was performed on 220 nurses of Shahidzadeh Hospital in Behbahan by census method. Statistical data were performed using SPSS software version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significant level of p <0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 31.02 ± 06.68. The mean scores of participants in occupational stress and its subscales showed that about half of the subjects (55.9%) in the study had poor job stress. There was no significant relationship between job stress and demographic variables of gender and marital status using independent t-test and there was no significant relationship between job stress and the above variables. Conclusion: Due to the existence of stress as a negative factor in patient care and the gap between discrimination between physicians and nurses as one of the factors aggravating stress, it is recommended that nursing managers take measures to prevent and support nurses.
In vitro analysis of the effect of Go Ark on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Gautam Daya Shankar , Marskole Prahlad , Mishra Saraswati , Tiwari Nisha , Kumari Anjali , Dwivedi Sakshi , Naz Kahkashan
Published: October 2020

Cow is worshiped in India as “Gomata” since ancient time. Its values have been signified in Vedas, Puranas & Ayurveda. Its urine/Go Ark is used in rituals & medicines traditionally in India. The Significance of Cow Urine has been studied by many workers. Now it is available in the market as distillate. Hence this study was designed to assess the potential of Fresh Go Ark (FGA) and Distillate Go Ark (DGA) on Human Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in Vitro using MTT Assay. It was found that FGA & DGA both had the potential to enhance the cell viability of Human PBL. FGA showed greater potential towards the enhancement of cell viability on Human PBL than that of DGA. However the difference between the impacts of FGA & DGA was not found to be significant when tested through Two way ANOVA.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Cannabis indica For Their Aphrodisiac Potential
Authors: Gupta Asheesh Kumar , Jain Anurekha , Roy Partha , Singh Ramandeep
Published: October 2020

Objective: The plant Cannabis indica is a very popular and well known plant across the globe since thousands of years. In India also it is even more popular as bhang or marijuna from ancient time. A quite descriptions of this plant is written in various ancient books like the granths, vedas, puranas, ayurvedic books, dravyaguna, etc.. Number of medicinal properties have been described for different parts of the plant like flower buds(Ganja), Leaf(Bhang) & Leaf wax(Charas). All the parts of this plant have potent and complex psychotropic properties along with some additional therapeutic actions on different body systems. Here we have fond some opportunities to evaluate herbal extracts of leaves for having aphrodisiac potential. Method: The aphrodisiac activity of Cannabis indicaleaf extracts (Pet.ether, methenol & aqueous) were evaluated in male albino rats. Extracts were administered at a dose of 150mg/kg body weight. At a interval of 0,7,14,21 & 28 day several sexual behavior parameters were determined. At the end serum testosterone and FSH level were also determined. Results: This study also contributes to the pharmacology of aphrodisiacs as the plant Cannabis indica leaf extracts has significant effects on sexual physiology. It has shown effects on sexual behaviors as well as significant change in gonadotropin hormone labels in animal blood serum. Conclusion: This study provides a strong experimental evidence for its aphrodisiac use.
A linguagem da Matemática no contexto escolar: um mapeamento das produções científicas brasileiras
Authors: Brum Aline De Lima , Pereira Elaine Corrêa
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um mapeamento da produção científica no Brasil, a partir das teses e dissertações que contemplaram a linguagem da matemática. Para o levantamento das pesquisas foram consideradas as produções disponibilizadas no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Capes e na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações – BDTD. A orientação metodológica segue os pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa e consistiram na identificação das produções, classificação, organização e análise. Esse processo resultou em 21 produções que foram, cuidadosamente, agrupadas e analisadas conforme sua relação de proximidade. Logo, ficou evidenciado que a linguagem da matemática no contexto escolar tem sido abordada como: um recurso didático para comunicar ideias matemáticas através da Literatura; bem como revela o papel da linguagem na comunicação dos conceitos; e como enfoque didático pedagógico na Performance Matemática Digital.
Impacts of future land use and land cover change on mid-21st-century surface ozone air quality: distinguishing between the biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects
Authors: Wang Lang , Tai Amos P. K. , Tam Chi-Yung , Sadiq Mehliyar , Wang Peng , Cheung Kevin K. W.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Surface ozone (O3) is an important air pollutant and
greenhouse gas. Land use and land cover is one of the critical factors
influencing ozone, in addition to anthropogenic emissions and climate. Land
use and land cover change (LULCC) can on the one hand affect ozone
“biogeochemically”, i.e., via dry deposition and biogenic emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). LULCC can on the other hand alter
regional- to large-scale climate through modifying albedo and
evapotranspiration, which can lead to changes in surface temperature,
hydrometeorology, and atmospheric circulation that can ultimately impact
ozone “biogeophysically”. Such biogeophysical
effects of LULCC on ozone are largely understudied. This study investigates
the individual and combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of
LULCC on ozone and explicitly examines the critical pathway for how LULCC
impacts ozone pollution. A global coupled atmosphere–chemistry–land model is
driven by projected LULCC from the present day (2000) to the future (2050) under
RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, focusing on the boreal summer. Results reveal
that when considering biogeochemical effects only, surface ozone is
predicted to have slight changes by up to 2 ppbv maximum in some areas due
to LULCC. It is primarily driven by changes in isoprene emission and dry
deposition counteracting each other in shaping ozone. In contrast, when
considering the combined effect of LULCC, ozone is more substantially
altered by up to 5 ppbv over several regions in North America and Europe
under RCP4.5, reflecting the importance of biogeophysical effects on ozone
changes. In boreal and temperate mixed forests with intensive reforestation,
enhanced net radiation and sensible heat induce a cascade of
hydrometeorological feedbacks that generate warmer and drier conditions
favorable for higher ozone levels. In contrast, reforestation in subtropical
broadleaf forests has minimal impacts on boundary-layer meteorology and
ozone air quality. Furthermore, significant ozone changes are also found in
regions with only modest LULCC, which can only be explained by “remote”
biogeophysical effects. A likely mechanism is that reforestation induces a
circulation response, leading to reduced moisture transport and ultimately
warmer and drier conditions in the surrounding regions with limited LULCC.
We conclude that the biogeophysical effects of LULCC are important pathways
through which LULCC influences ozone air quality both locally and in remote
regions even without significant LULCC. Overlooking the effects of
hydrometeorological changes on ozone air quality may cause underestimation
of the impacts of LULCC on ozone pollution.
Effects of prescribed CMIP6 ozone on simulating the Southern
Hemisphere atmospheric circulation response to ozone depletion
Authors: Ivanciu Ioana , Matthes Katja , Wahl Sebastian , Harlaß Jan , Biastoch Arne
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Antarctic ozone hole has led to substantial changes in the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, such as the strengthening and poleward shift of the mid-latitude westerly jet. Ozone recovery during the twenty-first century is expected to continue to affect the jet's strength and position, leading to changes in the opposite direction compared to the twentieth century and competing with the effect of increasing greenhouse gases. Simulations of the Earth's past and future climate, such as those performed for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), require an accurate representation of these ozone effects. Climate models that use prescribed ozone fields lack the important feedbacks between ozone chemistry, radiative heating, dynamics, as well as transport. These limitations ultimately affect their climate response to ozone depletion. This study investigates the impact of prescribing the ozone field recommended for CMIP6 on the simulated effects of ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere. We employ a new, state-of the-art coupled climate model, FOCI, to compare simulations in which the CMIP6 ozone is prescribed with simulations in which the ozone chemistry is calculated interactively. At the same time, we compare the roles played by ozone depletion and by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in driving changes in the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, using a series of historical sensitivity simulations. FOCI reliably captures the known effects of ozone depletion, simulating an austral spring and summer intensification of the mid-latitude westerly winds and of the Brewer-Dobson circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. Ozone depletion is the primary driver of these historical circulation changes in FOCI. These changes are weaker in the simulations that prescribe the CMIP6 ozone field. We attribute this weaker response to the missing ozone-radiative-dynamical feedbacks and to a prescribed ozone hole that is displaced compared to the simulated polar vortex, altering the propagation of planetary wave activity. As a result, the dynamical contribution to the ozone-induced austral spring lower stratospheric cooling is suppressed, leading to a weaker cooling trend. Consequently, the intensification of the polar night jet is also weaker in the simulations with prescribed CMIP6 ozone. In addition, the persistence of the Southern Annular Mode is shorter in the prescribed ozone chemistry simulations. These results suggest that climate models which prescribe the CMIP6 ozone field still underestimate the historical ozone-induced dynamical changes in the Southern Hemisphere, while models that calculate the ozone chemistry interactively simulate an improved response to ozone depletion.
Effects of marine fuel sulfur restrictions on particle number concentrations and size distributions in ship plumes at the Baltic Sea
Authors: Seppälä Sami , Kuula Joel , Hyvärinen Antti-Pekka , Saarikoski Sanna , Rönkkö Topi , Keskinen Jorma , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Timonen Hilkka
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Exhaust emissions from shipping are a major contributor to particle concentrations in coastal and marine areas. Previously, marine fuel sulfur content (FSC) was restricted globally to 4.5 m/m% but the limit was changed to 3.5 m/m% at the beginning of 2012 and further down to 0.5 m/m% in January 2020. In sulfur emission control areas (SECA), the limits are stricter; FSC restriction was originally 1.50 m/m% but it decreased first to 1.00 m/m% in July 2010 and again to 0.10 m/m% in January 2015. In this work, the effects of the FSC restrictions on particle number concentrations (PNC) and size distributions (NSD) are studied at the Baltic Sea SECA. Measurements were made on a small island (Utö, Finland; 59° 46’50N, 21° 22’23E) between 2007 and 2016. Ship plumes were extracted from the particle number size distribution data, and the effects of the FSC restrictions on the observed plumes as well as on the total ambient concentrations were investigated. Altogether 42 322 analyzable plumes were identified during the 10-year measurement period. The results showed that both changes in the FSC restrictions reduced the PNC of the plumes. The latter restriction (to 0.10 m/m% in January 2015) decreased also the total ambient particle number concentrations, as a significant portion of particles in the area originated from ship plumes that were diluted beyond the plume detection limits. The overall change in the PNC of the plumes and ambient air was 27 and 32 %, respectively, for the total FSC change from 1.50 to 0.10 m/m%. The decrease in plume particle number concentration was caused mostly by a decrease in the concentration of particle sizes of ∼35–134 nm. The latter restriction also reduced the count median diameter of the particles, which was probably caused by the fuel type change from residual oil to distillates during the latter restriction. The PNC was larger for the plumes measured in daytime compared to those measured in nighttime likely because of the photochemical aging of particles due to UV-light. The difference decreased with the reducing FSC indicating that lower FSC has also an impact on the atmospheric processing of ship plumes.
A dedicated robust instrument for water vapor generation at low humidity for use with a laser water
isotope analyzer in cold and dry polar regions.
Authors: Leroy-Dos Santos Christophe , Casado Mathieu , Prié Frédéric , Jossoud Olivier , Kerstel Erik , Kassi Samir , Fourré Elise , Landais Amaëlle
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Obtaining precise continuous measurements of water vapor isotopic composition in dry places (polar or high-altitude regions) is an important challenge. The current limitation is the strong influence of humidity on the measured water isotopic composition by laser spectroscopy instruments for low humidity levels (below 3000 ppmv). This problem is addressed by determining the relationships between humidity and measured δ18O and δD of known water standards. We present here the development of a robust field instrument able to generate water vapor, down to 70 ppmv, at very stable humidity levels (average 1σ lower than 10 ppmv). This instrument, operated by a Raspberry interface, can be coupled to a commercial laser spectroscopy instrument: it turned to be very stable in an autonomous mode during more than one year at the East Antarctic Concordia station.
Spatiotemporal patterns of synchronous heavy rainfall events in East Asia during the Baiu season
Authors: Wolf Frederik , Ozturk Ugur , Cheung Kevin , Donner Reik V.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Investigating the synchrony and interdependency of heavy rainfall occurrences is crucial to understand the underlying physical mechanisms and reduce physical and economic damages by improved forecasting strategies. In this context, studies utilizing functional network representations have recently contributed to significant advances in the understanding and prediction of extreme weather events. To thoroughly expand on previous works employing the latter framework to the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) system, we focus here on changes in the spatial organization of synchronous heavy precipitation events across the monsoon season (April to August) by studying the temporal evolution of corresponding network characteristics in terms of a sliding window approach. Specifically, we utilize functional climate networks together with event coincidence analysis for identifying and characterizing synchronous activity from daily rainfall estimates between 1998 and 2018. Our results demonstrate that the formation of the Baiu front as a main feature of the EASM is reflected by a double-band structure of synchronous heavy rainfall with two centers north and south of the front. Although the two separated bands are strongly related to either low- or high-level winds which are commonly assumed to be independent, we provide evidence that it is rather their mutual interconnectivity that changes during the different phases of the EASM season in a characteristic way. Our findings shed some new light on the interplay between tropical and extratropical factors controlling the EASM intraseasonal evolution, which could potentially help to improve future forecasts of the Baiu onset in different regions of East Asia.
Impact of the ice thickness distribution discretization on the sea ice concentration variability in the NEMO3.6–LIM3 global ocean–sea ice model
Authors: Moreno-Chamarro Eduardo , Ortega Pablo , Massonnet François
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This study assesses the impact of different sea ice thickness
distribution (ITD) discretizations on the sea ice concentration (SIC)
variability in ocean stand-alone NEMO3.6–LIM3 simulations. Three ITD
discretizations with different numbers of sea ice thickness categories and
boundaries are evaluated against three different satellite products
(hereafter referred to as “data”). Typical model and data interannual SIC
variability is characterized by K-means clustering both in the Arctic and
Antarctica between 1979 and 2014. We focus on two seasons, winter
(January–March) and summer (August–October), in which correlation
coefficients across clusters in individual months are largest. In the
Arctic, clusters are computed before and after detrending the series with a second-degree polynomial to separate interannual from longer-term variability.
The analysis shows that, before detrending, winter clusters reflect the SIC
response to large-scale atmospheric variability at both poles, while summer
clusters capture the negative and positive trends in Arctic and Antarctic
SIC, respectively. After detrending, Arctic clusters reflect the SIC response
to interannual atmospheric variability predominantly. The cluster analysis
is complemented with a model–data comparison of the sea ice extent and SIC
anomaly patterns. The single-category discretization shows the worst model–data agreement in
the Arctic summer before detrending, related to a misrepresentation of the
long-term melting trend. Similarly, increasing the number of thin categories
reduces model–data agreement in the Arctic, due to a poor representation of
the summer melting trend and an overly large winter sea ice volume
associated with a net increase in basal ice growth. In contrast, more thin
categories improve model realism in Antarctica, and more thick ones improve
it in central Arctic regions with very thick ice. In all the analyses we
nonetheless identify no optimal discretization. Our results thus suggest
that no clear benefit in the representation of SIC variability is obtained
from increasing the number of sea ice thickness categories beyond the
current standard with five categories in NEMO3.6–LIM3.
Combining homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry to model inorganic compounds concentrations in indoor environments: the H2I model (v1.0)
Authors: Fiorentino Eve-Agnès , Wortham Henri , Sartelet Karine
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Homogeneous reactivity has been extensively studied over the past years through outdoor air-quality simulations. However, indoor atmospheres are known to be largely influenced by another type of chemistry, that is reactivity with surfaces. Despite progress in the understanding of heterogeneous reactions, these remain barely integrated in numerical models. In this paper, a room-scale indoor air-quality (IAQ) model is developed to represent both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemistry. Thanks to the introduction of sorbed species, deposition and surface reactivity are treated as two separate processes, and desorption reactions are incorporated. The simulated concentrations of inorganic species are compared to experimental measurements acquired in a real room, thus allowing to calibrate the model's undetermined parameters. For the considered experiments durations, the influence of the simulations initial conditions is strong. The model succeeds in simulating correctly the four inorganic species concentrations that were measured, namely NO, NO2, HONO and O3. Each parameter is then varied to estimate its sensitivity and identify the most prevailing processes. The speed of air and building filtration factor are uncertain parameters which appear to have a strong influence, the first one on deposition, and the second one on the control of transport from outdoor. As expected, the NO2 surface hydrolysis plays a key role in the production of secondary species. The secondary production of NO by the reaction of sorbed HONO with sorbed HNO3 stands as an essential component to integrate in IAQ models.
Neotectonics of Brazzaville and Kinshasa: linking Congo Basin seismicity and in situ stress in the Inkisi Group
Authors: Nkodia Hardy M. D. , Miyouna Timothée , Delvaux Damien , Boudzoumou Florent , Bazebizonza Tchiguina Nicy C.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Congo Basin has been affected by several earthquakes for which the in-situ stress has not yet been reported. This study aims to determine the in-situ stress related to earthquakes in the Congo Basin, particularly those located in the north portion of the Republic of Congo (RC) and in the northwest portion of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The combined analysis of seismic history of the Congo Basin and of in-situ paleo-stress in the Inkisi Group allowed us to distinguish onshore earthquakes that are linked with preexisting zones of fractures on the continent and offshore earthquakes that are directly linked with transform faults. The Inkisi Group has been affected by two phases of strike-slip tectonics. The first phase, with a direction of compression N142°, is a result of the Gondwanide orogenesis in the Paleozoic. The second phase, with a compression direction of N078°, is related to the present-day stress of earthquakes in the Congo Basin. This phase is still active and is likely attributable to ridge push from the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. It is therefore appropriate that infrastructure construction in Brazzaville and Kinshasa considers seismic risk in the Inkisi bedrock of this area. As an example, we note that several masonry fences along the Congo river have developed fractures.
Targeting the soil quality and soil health concepts when aiming for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the EU Green Deal
Authors: Bonfante Antonello , Basile Angelo , Bouma Johan
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The concepts of soil quality and soil health are widely used
as soils receive more attention in the worldwide policy arena. So far,
however, the distinction between the two concepts is unclear, and operational procedures for measurement are still being developed. A proposal is made to
focus soil health on actual soil conditions, as determined by a limited set
of indicators that reflect favourable rooting conditions. In addition, soil
quality can express inherent soil conditions in a given soil type (genoform), reflecting the effects of past and present soil management (expressed by various phenoforms). Soils contribute to ecosystem services that, in turn, contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and, more recently, to the EU Green Deal. Relevant soil ecosystem services are biomass production (SDG 2 – zero hunger), providing clean water (SDG 6), climate
mitigation by carbon capture and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
(SDG 13 – climate action), and biodiversity preservation (SDG 15 – life on land).
The use of simulation models for the soil–water–atmosphere–plant system is
proposed as a quantitative and reproducible procedure to derive single
values for soil health and soil quality for current and future climate
conditions. Crop production parameters from the international yield gap
programme are used in combination with soil-specific parameters expressing the effects of phenoforms. These procedures focus on the ecosystem service, namely biomass production. Other ecosystem services are determined by soil-specific management and are to be based on experiences obtained in similar soils elsewhere or by new research. A case study, covering three Italian soil series, illustrates the application of the proposed concepts, showing that soil types (soil series) acted significantly differently to the effects of management and also in terms of their reaction to climate change.
TAMING PLATFORM CAPITALISM: STRUGGLES FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH MEET STRUGGLES FROM THE GLOBAL NORTH
Authors: Arriagada Arturo , Graham Mark , Huws Ursula , Srinivasan Janaki , Bonhomme Macarena , Taduri Pradyumna , Ustek-Spilda Funda , Ferrari Fabian , Bertolini Alessio , Badger Adam
Published: October 2020

This panel brings together scholars whose work seeks to tame platform capitalism understanding how the lives of platform workers are affected by digital platforms. Research on platform labor has been mostly done in the global north, as well as in relation to global platforms like Uber or Amazon (Rosenblat 2019; Scholz 2016). Thus, the panelists, moreover, explore how the lives of platform workers can be improved within the global platform economy by analyzing workers’ subjectivities in relation to platforms and the impact of technologies in job quality. To achieve this, this panel brings together scholars from global north and south countries that will map the complexities and subjectivities of platform workers in order to tame platform capitalism. We present a set of articles that address: (1) regulatory resistance that clarifies and redefines the rules that platforms need to abide by; (2) bottom-up resistance of platform workers who seek to organize, subvert, and build alternatives; (3) the ways that action research can support either of those initiatives to ultimately tame some of the worst excesses of platform capitalism.
A GOOD LIFE? CRITICAL FEMINIST APPROACHES TO INFLUENCER ECOLOGIES
Authors: Glatt Zoë , Banet-Weiser Sarah , Bishop Sophie , Sobande Francesca , Wissinger Elizabeth , Entwistle Joanne , Duffy Brooke Erin , Rocamora Agnès , Arriagada Arturo
Published: October 2020

Social media platforms are widely lauded as bastions for entrepreneurial self-actualisation and creative autonomy, offering an answer to historically exclusive and hierarchical creative industries as routes to employability and success. Social media influencers are envied by audiences as having achieved ‘the good life’, one in which they are able to ‘do what they love’ for a living (Duffy 2017). Despite this ostensive accessibility and relatability, today’s high-profile influencer culture continues to be shaped by ‘preexisting gendered and racial scripts and their attendant grammars of exclusion’ as Sarah Banet-Weiser (2012) argued in the early days of socially mediated entrepreneurship (p. 89; see also Bishop, 2017). In Western contexts only a narrow subset of white, cis-gender, and heterosexual YouTubers, Instagrammers, TikTokers, and Twitch streamers tend to achieve visibility as social media star-creators, and celebratory discourses of diversity and fairness mask problematic structures that exclude marginalized identities from opportunities to attain success. A key aim of this panel is thus to draw attention to marginalized creator communities and subjectivities, including women, non-white, and queer creators, all of whom face higher barriers to entry and success. More broadly, by taking seriously both the practices and discourses of social media influencers, the panellists aim to challenge popular denigrations of influencers as vapid, frivolous, or eager to freeload. We locate such critiques in longstanding dismissals of feminized cultural production (Levine, 2013) and argue, instead, that we need to take seriously the role of influencers in various social, economic, and political configurations.
REDDIT'S COMMUNITIES & CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Halavais Alexander , Massanari Adrienne , Bergstrom Kelly , Poor Nathaniel
Published: October 2020

As a platform, Reddit provides a bit of a conundrum. Despite being visited by more people than Netflix and remaining one of the most visited spaces on the web, it remains extraordinarily resistant to generalization. Some of the worst of Internet culture can be found on the site. It has served to amplify the voices of misogynists, supported vigilantism, and hosted child pornography. At the same time, some of the more civil conversations and learning communities appear on the site, with subreddits like Change My View fostering respectful deliberation. Even more than many other platforms, the lack of centralized moderation means that Reddit contains a very wide range of practices, some of them quite extreme. But because these exist on a single platform, users bring these practices with them, both to the “front page” of the platform, and to other areas within. The three papers that make up this panel seek to better understand localized behaviors and how they may relate to global flows of participants and practices. Of course, many of the discursive patterns that were fostered in subreddits make their way into other online and offline contexts. But before they do that, they have often been produced as part of a culture local to one subreddit, or to a “neighborhood” of subreddits. How these practices emerge, evolve, and relate to the actions of their users runs as a thread through the three presentations.
NOT NATURAL, NOR NEUTRAL: THE CULTURAL CONFIGURATIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA	AFFORDANCES WITHIN CHILEAN INFLUENCER INDUSTRY
Authors: Arriagada Arturo , Siles Ignacio
Published: October 2020

This paper explores the configurations of social media’s affordances within the Chilean influencer industry. Chile has a growing number of professional social media influencers who blur global norms and local markets, working with both local brands and international campaigns. We argue for situating affordances within a wider context in which the features of platforms acquire particular meanings. Our analysis focuses on two dynamics. On the one hand, we examine how the Chilean influencer industry is shaped by a technological frame (Bijker, 1995) that structures the valence of affordances. We show that affordances are not “naturally” or “neutrally” imagined by actors but rather culturally located within technological frames that shape the discourses, values, and practices from which they obtain cultural meaning. On the other hand, we analyze how affordances provide a material support for the temporal and spatial expansion of technological frames. Thus, cultural contexts and platforms’ features mutually constitute each other in ways that have not always been recognized in the scholarly literature about affordances. We situate negotiations about what it means to be an influencer in Chile, the role of intermediaries (e.g. branding agencies), communication with followers, and the global influencer industry as part of this mutually constitutive relationship.
“TWO CAN PLAY AT THAT GAME”: COMMUNICATING DISSENT AS A	MICRO-CELEBRITY IN A RESTRICTED NATIONAL TWITTERSPHERE
Authors: Demirkol Tonnesen Naciye Ozlem
Published: October 2020

Turkey has a notoriously restricted Twittersphere where any explicit criticism towards the government can be framed as a criminal offence (Saka, 2018). However, despite the efforts to eradicate public expression of dissent on social media, Twitter remains as an essential space for political deliberation for Turkish dissidents (Dogu and Mat, 2019). This surveillance regime creates a necessity of engaging in political talk that remains under the radar. Especially, the accounts with higher visibility such as micro-celebrities suffer most scrutiny, whilst being important actors of information dissemination (Sanjari and Khazraee, 2014). In this paper, I analyse the evasion tactics used by dissenting Twitter micro-celebrities in navigating these restrictions. In order to do this, I specifically focus on micro-celebrity accounts by ordinary users who gained fame due to the humorous commentaries they offer on the daily events in Turkey. Without a claim for expertise or any exceptional ability beyond being avid observers of the social, cultural and political realities of life in Turkey, these accounts claim follower numbers that often exceed 30-40k and some reaching millions. This paper presents how these accounts express political criticism through a narration of everyday life and daily events by utilising platform specific cultural capital in formulating a language (Scott, 1990) that is understood by subgroups who are acclimated to the platform culture. I argue that these practices signal a change in the conventions of dissident political talk that relies on a perceived gap in platform cultural knowledge between the pro- and anti-government groups.
DIGITAL DETOX CAMP: VALUES AND MOTIVATIONS FOR ENGAGING IN DIGITAL	DISCONNECT
Authors: Karlsen Faltin
Published: October 2020

Media users increasingly express ambivalence about their own media consumption, often related to ubiquitous media technology such as the smartphone and social media. In order to understand the growing trend of disconnection as a cultural and social phenomenon, we conducted an analysis of the digital detox inspired camp for grownups, Underleir, which has been arranged in Norway annually since 2014. The main empirical material stems from a field study of the camp Underleir in 2019 where we conducted participatory observation on a four-day field trip. Online material about the camp from the inception in 2014 to the sixth installment in 2019 was also included. The framework for this analysis is media domestication theory with special attention to the concept reverse domestication. In contrast to the domestication process where new media technology is "tamed", reverse domestication implies cognitive processes and practical strategies involved when distancing from media technology. Underleir illustrates how practical, social, and normative aspects may be interwoven when media use is reversed or altered. Normatively speaking, the digital detox experience was tied to broader sets of values, including an aim for a more creative, authentic life and a quest for mental wellbeing and the ability to focus. Many participants stated that the opportunity to engage in creative activities, and to be social in a friendly setting, was just as important as the absence of media.
NEWS JUNKIE OR ONLY ACCIDENTALLY INFORMED? AN IN-SITU STUDY ON	SITUATIONAL TYPES AND INDIVIDUAL REPERTOIRES OF MOBILE NEWS ACCESS AMONG GERMAN YOUNG	ADULTS.
Authors: Karnowski Veronika , Knop-Huelss Katharina , Olbermann Zoe
Published: October 2020

Over the past three decades our media ecologies have changed substantially, not at least changing the ways in which we get in touch with the news. These changes have led both to high hopes for more equality in news access and a better-informed electorate, as well as fears of news avoidance, filter bubbles, and increasing knowledge gaps, with recent empirical evidence leaning towards rather pessimistic perspectives. However, most of the research to date focusses on one specific kind of news access, e.g., news consumption via social media, and its effects, neglecting the fact that users combine several ways to access the news throughout their daily lives, creating their individual media use repertoires. In order to disentangle these variances within our daily lives from differences between users, we need to analyze access to news on a situational level. Being meta-media, mobile media constitute an excellent microcosmos to study situational variability in news access. Hence, we investigated the situational types of mobile news access in young adults’ daily lives as well as their mobile news repertoires based on the previously identified situational access types. To do so, we conducted an experience sampling study among young adults in Germany. Our results highlight that differences within (mobile) news use should not only be studied as differences between people, but also as variances within users’ daily lives. For example, we see that no mobile news repertoire in our study solely relies on news access via intermediaries such as social media.
YOU MADE THIS? I MADE THIS: CULTURES OF AUTOMATIC (MIS)ATTRIBUTION ON	TIKTOK
Authors: Valdovinos Kaye David Bondy , Rodriguez Aleesha , Wikstrom Patrik
Published: October 2020

In 2019, TikTok captivated international attention as a breakout short-video platform. A key affordance for user-generated content creators on TikTok is how easy the platform makes reproducing popular videos. The video creation interface allows users to make new videos based on the one they were just watching with just one tap. While these features make it fun and easy for users to replicate popular videos, it can also obscure the identity of the creators who created the ‘original’ content being reused. In this way, TikTok engenders a culture of misattribution. Users can freely reuse popular formats, audio clips, or even licensed music without any connection to the original source with impunity. Using a combination of an app walkthrough, a bespoke data scraping tool, content analysis, and a series of qualitative case studies, this study explores the contradictory logic of authorship and how (mis)attribution is shaping cultural production and platform practices on TikTok.
Determination of volatile organic compounds in Slovak bryndza cheese by the electronic nose and the headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Štefániková Jana , Árvay Július , Miškeje Michal , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: October 2020

The aim of the present study was to describe volatile organic compounds of the traditional Slovak bryndza cheese determined by using an electronic nose (e-nose) and a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) with head-space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). For the first time, e-nose based on the gas chromatography principle with a flame ionization detector was described to identify and quantify aroma active compounds of bryndza cheese from Slovakia. The e-nose detects aroma compounds of very small concentrations in real-time of a few minutes and identifies them by comparing Kovats´ retention indices with the NIST library. Bryndza cheese produced from unpasteurized ewe´s milk and from a mixture of raw ewe´s and pasteurized cow´s types of milk were collected from 2 different Slovak farms beginning in May through to September 2019. The flavour and aroma of bryndza cheese are apparently composed of compounds contained in milk and the products of fermentation of the substrate by bacteria and fungi. Regarding volatile organic compounds, 25 compounds were detected and identified by an electronic nose with a discriminant >0.900 with ethyl acetate, isopentyl acetate, 2-butanone, acetic acid, butanoic acid, and butane-2,3-dione confirmed by gas chromatography. We confirm the suitability of the electronic nose to be used for monitoring of bryndza cheese quality.