bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUZBIJANJE ORGANIZOVANOG KRIMINALA- SVJEDOCI SARADNICI PRAVOSUĐA I NJIHOV DOPRINOS EFIKASNOSTI ISTRAGE
Authors: Jamaković Azra
Published: September 2022

Imajući u vidu aktuelnost i kompleksnost problema organizovanog kriminala koji zahtijeva efikasnu i pravovremenu reakciju odnosno odgovor organa krivičnog gonjenja u cilju njegovog suzbijanja, autorica u radu prije svega daje opći pregled tipičnih mjera i radnji koje se najčešće koriste u borbi protiv organizovanog kriminala. Svjedočenje svjedoka saradnika pravosuđa se također pokazalo kao jedna od značajnijih relativno savremenih metoda utvrđivanja činjenica u krivičnom postupku te shodno navedenom u radu će se dati pregled upotrebe navedenog instituta u suzbijanju organizovanog kriminala. Svjedoci saradnici pravosuđa se u nekim zakonodavstvima nazivaju još i svjedoci pod imunitetom, „svjedoci pokajnici“ ili „krunski svjedoci“ te predstavljaju moćno oružje u borbi protiv društveno negativnog fenomena kao što je organizovani kriminal. Autorica se u radu također kratko osvrće i na žaštitu svjedoka kao neophodan preduslov buduće saradnje, između svjedoka koji odluči da razotkrije kriminalnu organizaciju i organa krivičnog gonjenja obzirom da su ovi svjedoci posebno ugrožena kategorija svjedoka ali i uspješnog okončanja krivičnog postupka.
МУЛТИЛАТЕРАЛНА ДИПЛОМАТИЈА КАО НЕМИНОВНОСТ САВРЕМЕНЕ ДИПЛОМАТИЈЕ
Authors: Јанковић Предраг
Published: September 2022

Модерну дипломатију карактерише експанзија мултилатералне дипломатије, чији почеци се вежу за прве међународне конгресе и конференције. Друштвени напредак условио је развој међународних односа у правцу интензивирања дипломатских односа. Од краја 19. века до данас настао је велики број међународних организација које поред држава постају значајни субјекти међународног права. После Другог светског рата као актери на међународној сцени појављују се и ослободилачки покрети и транснационални субјекти у виду транснационалних политичких покрета, транснационалних верских организација и мултинационалних компанија. Услед обима и интензитета међународних односа у тим околностима, билатерална дипломатија не би ни близу могла задовољити потребе савремене међународне сарадње, те се значајан део међународних односа одвија посредством мултилатералне дипломатије, поготово у оквиру делатности међународних организација. На нивоу међународне заједнице разни облици мултилатералне дипломатије представљају основни вид међународног дипломатског општења.С обзиром на актуелност и значај мултилатералне дипломатије, у овом раду ће бити представљени њен појам и најзначајније карактеристике.
ДРУШТВЕНИ ПОКРЕТИ У БИХ – ФЕНОМЕН ЦИВИЛНОГ ДРУШТВА
Authors: Трнинић Илија
Published: September 2022

Концепт цивилног друштва подразумијева различите облике организовања и дјеловања актера међу којима су покрети као фенимени и форме грађанског иступања. Нема довољно података о раду, активмостима и евиденцији душтвених покрета у БиХ који су активни и/или заговарају потребе и рјешења од интереса за ширу популацију или одређених друштвених група. Овим радом даје се прегелд резултата истраживања проведеног током 2020. године о својственостима и карактеристикама друштвених покрета у БиХ а који у свом називу носе овај термин или, на терену, дјелују као такви.Феномен друштвеног покрета различито се перципира у јавности а оно што је потребно друштвеним покретима су стандарди и норме које повећавају ефикасност рада и утицај у друштву.
IMPLEMENTACIJA STRATEGIJE PREDUZEĆA IZ UGLA MENADŽMENTA
Authors: Kamerić Adnan
Published: September 2022

Kao posljedica globalizacije tržišta sve više se razvija strateško planiranje koje se bavi povezivanjem preduzeća i okruženja. Sadržaj razvoja strateškog palniranja usmjeren je ka oblikovanju metoda i tehnika analiziranja i praćenja sve kompleksnijeg okruženja. Kao sastavni dio strateškog planiranja u savremenom menadžmentu sve više se posvećuje pažnje oblikovanju vizije i misije preduzeća. Zadaće menadžera sadašnjosti su: postavljenje i oblikovanje višegodišnjih prognoza poslovanja, i dugogodišnja projekcija razvoja preduzeća. Upravo i ovaj rad se bavi tom problematikom, a kroz sagledavanje strategije preduzeća ukazaćemo i na značaj samog strateškog menadžmenta.
UPRAVLJANJE KORISNIČKIM ISKUSTVOM U DJELATNOSTI MARKETINGA
Authors: Ajanović Edin
Published: September 2022

Kompanije u obalsti osiguranja, kao i kompanije generalno, se suočavaju s važnim promjenama potrebnim za digitalnu transformaciju poslovanja. Uvode se novi poslovni koncepti poput digitalnih poslovnih modela, agilnog poslovanja, personalizacije, inovacija itd. Upravljanje korisničkim iskustvom postaje jedan od ključnih izazova poslovanja, ali i najjača snaga za postizanje konkurentske prednosti. Postoje različiti modeli za unapređeno upravljanje korisničkim iskustvom. Upravo zbog toga, u ovom radu prikazujemo ključne karakteristike digitlanog okruženja, ali i alate, na osnovu kojih menadžeri mogu donositi odluke o poboljšanjima potrebnim za upravljanje iskustvom korisnika radi boljih poslovnih rezultata i veće konkurentnosti.
ETAPA NADZORA KAO UPRAVLJAČKA FUNKCIJA U RADU TVRTKI
Authors: Radić Gordan , Ćorić Marin
Published: September 2022

Izučavanje upravljanja kao procesa s određenim etapama isti definira kao djelatnost za realizaciju postavljenih ciljeva, s funkcijama planiranja, organiziranja, vođenja i nadzora, gdje navedene funkcije predstavljaju etape, tj. podsustave upravljanja. Temeljni pristup u znanosti o menadžmentu je izučavanje učinkovitosti organizacijskih sustava, a sve u cilju što racionalnijeg korištenja raspoloživih potencijala. Kako se vremenom ljudske potrebe povećavaju, a pojedini potencijali smanjuju zadatak menadžmenta je kako naći najpogodniju metodu upravljanja uz optimalnu kombinaciju ograničenih potencijala, a sve u cilju ostvarivanja najboljih rezultata. Nadzor kao upravljačka funkcija je složeni proces temeljen na planskim, standardiziranim i željenim rezultatima koji se u procesu nadzora pretvaraju u brojne informacije pomoću kojih se donose odluke i korekcije te time upravlja poslovnim rezultatom.
PROCES SPROVOĐENJA STRATEGIJE PREDUZEĆA
Authors: Palamar Senad , Lalović Goran
Published: September 2022

Proces sprovođenja strategije preduzeća obuhvata međusobno usklađivanje strategije i organizacione strukture, oblikovanje primjerenog sistema vođenja i time odgovarajuće organizacione kulture. Tri organizaciona faktora koji obezbjeđuju osnovna i dugoročna sredstva za institucionalizaciju strategije preduzeća su: struktura preduzeća, vođstvo i ključni menadžeri i kultura preduzeća. U sklopu oblikovanja uslova za uspješnu izvedbu spada oblikovanje organizacione strukture, organizacione kulture i kontrola oblikovanja i realizacije strategije preduzeća. U ovom radu akcenat ćemo staviti na oblikovanje organizacione strukture i organizacione kulture.
ŠKOLA PO MJERI UČENIKA I NASTAVNIKA
Authors: Hasanbašić Esma
Published: September 2022

U XXI vijeku suočeni smo sa brojnim izazovima usljed pandemije virusa korona koja je narušila i poremetila okolnosti u kojima čovjek živi, radi i uči. Pored brojnih problema sve više uviđamo potrebu savremenog i efikasnog obrazovanja, kao i potrebe da je znanje ipak moćno oružije u prevazilaženju brojnih problema i poteškoća. Upravo iz tog razloga neophodno je raditi na obrazovnom sistemu koji je efikasan i po mjeri i učenika i nastavnika. Uglavnom smo ranije ukazivali na školu po mjeri učenika ili nastavnika, ali sada se javlja potreba za jačanje njihovih interpesonalnih odnosa i veću motivisanost kako onih koji znanje daju, tako i onih koji ga usvajaju. U ovom radu ukazaćemo na neke principe i ideje koje brojni autori naglašavaju, a koji su temelj jedne moderne i savremene škole. Upravo predstavljajući njihove ideje mi ukazujemo kako razvijanje kvalitetne škole i kvalitetnog vođenja može uticati na stvaranje škole po mjeri nastavnika i učenika.
ZNAČAJ DIVERGENTNOG MIŠLJENJA UČENIKA U NASTAVI PRIRODE I DRUŠTVA
Authors: Hasanović Suad , Gazdić Damir
Published: September 2022

Misaoni proces koji čovjeka vodi u cilju rješavanja određenog problema, donošenja zaključka, uviđanja odnosa i veza između nekih elemenata u određenoj situaciji, suštinski je, zapravo, mišljenje. U toku nastavnog procesa mišljenje, kao alat koji učeniku služi za utvrđivanje i izbor načina i puta za rješavanje određenog problema, a koji prati cjelokupan misaoni proces, može biti klasično, logično ili konvergentno i kreativno ili divergentno. U ovome radu se analiziraju osnovne značajke divergentnog mišljenja u nastavi, s posebnim akcentom na problemsku nastavu prirode i društva. Dakle, za funkcionalan tok odvijanja nastave i učenja nije samo bitan logički slijed analiziranja, zapažanja i postupnog rješavanja određenog problema već i produkcija originalnih, funkcionalnih, zanimljivih i kreativnih ideja koje će dovesti do konačnog cilja i rješenja problema. Divergentno mišljenje je stvaralačko mišljenje i ima odlike kreativnosti. Ovakvim načinom mišljenja, koje je samo po sebi kreativno, nastavni sadržaji u nastavi mogu biti realizovani na lakši i zanimljiviji način. Poseban efekat kreativnosti, odnosno divergentnog mišljenja se ogleda u nastavi prirode i društva zbog same specifičnosti predmeta, kao i činjenice da je čovjek sam po sebi dio prirode i društva. Model problemskog učenja, odnosno učenje putem rješavanja problema se, prema većem broju stručnjaka iz psihologije i pedagogije naziva aktivnim učenjem, posebno iz razloga što je, prema ovakvom načinu i modelu rada, učenik aktivni učesnik nastavnog procesa jer do novih znanja dolazi direktno i neposredno koristeći kognitivne sposobnosti i razvijajući stvaralačko mišljenje. Takvo mišljenje doprinosi tome da učenik generiše ideje, razvija samopouzdanje i perspektivu promatranja što u velikoj mjeri doprinosi lakšem, boljem i temeljitijem poimanju prirode i svijeta koji ga okružuje. Doprinosi intelektualnom i socijalnom razvoju učenika i njegovom oblikovanju. Naravno, uz divergentno mišljenje učenik stiče i razvija svoj identitet kao subjekt društva u kojem živi.
KREATIVNOST U SOCIJALNOM RADU
Authors: Lazić Ljubinka
Published: September 2022

U ovom radu je aktualizovana kreativnost stručnih radnika u socijalnom radu te upotreba kreativnih metoda u praksi. Cilj rada je da se ukaže na kreativnost kao značajnu karakteristiku stručnih radnika u socijalnoj zaštiti kao i na mogućnosti upotrebe kreativnih metoda u centrima za socijalni rad. Prikazani su rezultati istraživanja o kreativnosti stručnih radnika kroz iskaze stručnih radnika zaposlenih u centrima za socijalni rad u Republici Srpskoj. Pored prepoznavanja korisnosti upotrebe kreativnih metoda istraživanje je pokazalo i poteškoće u primjeni istih, kao i potrebe prakse. Navedene spoznaje postavljene su u usku vezu sa paradigmom društvenog razvoja koja uslovljava i promjenu prakse socijalnog rada.
NASILJE U ŠKOLI KAO TREND SAVREMENOG DRUŠTVA
Authors: Trgić Bojan , Milić Slavko
Published: September 2022

U današnje vrijeme, pod uticajem različitih faktora iz okoline, vaspitanje djece, kao jedan od najvažnijih ciljeva svakog društva, našao se u krizi, kako u školi, tako i u porodici. Zapostavljene su temeljne norme ponašanja i agresivnost i nasilje su sve više prisutni u međusobnoj komunikaciji između odraslih i djece, ali i među samom djecom. Postoji tendencija opšteg neprihvatanja i šikaniranja među djecom, što dovodi do povlačenja djece u sebe. Zbog toga se mnoga od njih, uprkos svojim potencijalima, često nalaze na margini školskih aktivnosti. Škole se neće moći transformisati u škole bez nasilja sve dok ne budu imale poticaja izvana koji će moći inicirati promjene u samoj školi. Zbog toga je važno da se kroz realizaciju brojnih programa prevencije za suzbijanje vršnjačkog nasilja podstakne unutrašnja promjena u školi koja će stvaranje nenasilnog okruženja u školi doživljavati kao jedan otvoren proces koji teži stalnom otklanjanju barijera za saradnju između škole i porodice, te jačati kompetencije škole i njeno participiranje u vaspitanju sve djece. Te promjene znače promjenu stavova i sistema vrijednosti u školi, isticanje važnosti i vrijednosti individualizacije i jačanja ličnosti pojedinca naspram kolektiviteta, te njegovanje i uvažavanje različitosti. U samom radu ukazaćemo na neke probleme sa kojima se škole svakodnevno suočavaju, a vezani su za nasilničko ponašanje učenika, kao i vršnjačko nasilje koje je u sve većoj ekspanziji u našem društvu.
Dr. h.c. Johan Rooryck – an in-depth interview
Authors: Rooryck Johan , Aspaas Per Pippin
Published: September 2022

On 1 September 2022, professor of linguistics and director of cOAlition S Johan Rooryck was created a doctor honoris causa at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. In this in-depth interview, Rooryck reflects on his career so far and shares his vision of a future where scholar-led, fair and equitable open access prevails over commercial publishing structures.

Johan Rooryck starts out by explaining how he became the editor-in-chief of the high-ranking journal Lingua in 1999, how his relations with the publisher Elsevier became increasingly strained, and how he succeeded in bringing all his co-editors along in a sensational break with Elsevier. Instead, they launched the fully open access journal Glossa (now a high-ranking journal of general linguistics) at the platform Open Library of Humanities, in 2015. Rooryck in particular dwells on the non-commercial model known as Diamond Open Access, with no charges facing either readers or authors. Speaking on behalf of Plan S and the cOAlition S, whose executive director he became in 2019, Rooryck also broadens the view to all forms of open access, including open access to books and research data. At the end, he looks ahead to the future, when faced with the final, fundamental question: are you an optimist?

First published online: September 12, 2022
Postcaeserean Surgical Site Infection at a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Bano Gulshan , Mishal Mohammad , Jindal Meera , Prasad Anubha Manu
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications of postcaeserean section, which is mainly associated with increase morbidity and mortality. This is also an important cause of prolonged hospital stay, patient dissatisfaction and higher treatment cost. There is very limited data available on the incidence, outcome and clinical spectrum of postcaeserean SSI from Southern Rajasthan. Aim: The aim was to find out the frequency of SSI and variables contributing to it in women who have a caesarean section in a tertiary care centre in Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted over a duration of six months from June 2019 to November 2019 at SHKBM, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India. All the women who developed postcaeserean SSI during hospital stay or within 30 days following surgery were included in the study. Demographic data and all the potential risk factors were noted. Pus samples from the infected wound were sent for culture and sensitivity. Data was presented as frequencies and percentages. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 26.0 and Epi Info Software were used for the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 1157 cases underwent caeserean section during study period, among them 53 cases had postcaeserean SSI, which gives an incidence rate of 4.5%. In present study, majority of women belonged to 21-25 years of age group 33 (62.26%), 31 (58.49%) cases were unbooked, 47 (88.67%) of SSI was seen in emergency caeserean section, and 48 (90.56%) of SSI cases had pfannenstiel incision. Anaemia (81.13%), hypertensive disorder (13.2%) and urinary tract infection (3.77%) were associated medical risk factors for SSI. There were other obstetrics and intraoperative risk factors found to be associated with postcaeserean SSI, out of them previous caesarean section was most common (56.6%). Klebsiella was the most common organism isolated. Conclusion: Infrequent antenatal visits, emergency caeserean sections, anaemia and history of previous caeserean section are the most common risk factors for SSI.
Single vs Serial Dilatation of Access Tract in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomised Control Study on Its Feasibility and Effects in Management of Renal Calculi
Authors: Panda Abhigna , Bassi Sagar , Jain Devendra Kumar , Deshmukh Hrishikesh
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the recommended treatment for renal calculi. The tract dilatation method has a significant effect on the surgical outcome. One- shot Dilatation (OSD) involves dilatation using the dilator and Amplatz of desired size, while Serial Dilatation (SD) involves increasing the dilator size progressively up to the desired size. Aim: To compare the success and complication rates of SD techniques and OSD technique using Amplatz dilators. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised control study, conducted in a Tertiary Care Centre, of Bharati Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from March 2020 to December 2021. A non-probability sampling technique was followed and hundred consecutive patients of renal calculus were included in the study. The patients were then randomly allocated using random number table to undergo PCNL via a One-shot Dilatation (OSD-group I) or Serial Dilatation (SD-group II) of access tract. After the initial work up, the patients underwent PCNL, tract dilated as per the group enrolled. The two groups were then compared for patient demographics, stone characteristics (size, number, location), dilatation type, access time, tract size, access quality, bleeding at entry, operative time, radiation time, postoperative analgesic requirement, tube or tubeless procedure, time for removal of the nephrostomy tube and double ‘J’ stent placement. The statistical inference was obtained by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) , Kruskall- Wallis t-test, Fisher’s exact test or Chi-square test. Significance was termed as a p-value<0.05. The analysis was performed on Pvalue.io. Results: In the patients from group I, there was lesser blood loss (Haemoglobin drop 0.9 vs 1.3 gm/dL), clot at entry( 6% vs 28%), and radiation exposure ( 60.9 sec vs 94.1 sec) as compared to group II patients. This was also reflected in reduced mean operative time (46.2 min vs 57.1 min) and lesser duration of hospital stay (3 vs 4 days) among group I patients. conclusion: The OSD was found to be superior to SD using Amplatz dilatation in PCNL in terms of having reduced blood loss and reduced exposure to radiation for the patient.
A REVIEW ON YUSHA IN KAIYADEVA NIGHANTU
Authors: S Deekshitha , Sharma Mandvi , Hussain Gazala
Published: September 2022

Ayurveda, the science of life, lays down all the preventative principles that are important in sustaining health. Ayurveda has described about the three pillars of life. They are ahara (diet), nidra (sleep), and brahmacharya (celibacy). Ahara (diet) is one of the most significant among them. It is noted that an individual can be disease free just by having a healthy diet. As a result, no medicine is equivalent to food. Kritanna varga is a group of processed food that comprises numerous food preparations such as manda (rice water), peya (thin gruel of rice), vilepi (thick gruel of rice), yavagu (gruels), yusha (soup of vegetables or pulses), ragah (sweet sour sauce), shadavah (confectionery), and so on. Yusha (soup of vegetables or pulses) is one of them, and it is well mentioned in Ayurvedic literatures and even in most of the conditions as a therapeutic diet. In Kaiyadeva nighantu- A treatise of ayurveda 22 yushas are mentioned in kritanna varga. Generally, yusha is prepared with one part of dhanya (rice) and eighteen parts of water. If saindhava lavana, sunthi (Zingiber officinale), pippali (Piper longum) etc. katu dravya’s (pungent substance) are taken and sneha (unctuousness) is added then it is called as krita (seasoned) yusha. Without katu dravyas (pungent substance) and sneha (unctuousness) it is akrita (unseasoned) yusha. Krita yusha is guru (heavy) due to sneha and akrita yusha is laghu (light). In all the yusha’s mentioned in treatise, mudga yusha is said to be best.
On Continuity of Grill Topological Spaces VIA Regular Generalized G\(\omega\) - Closed Sets
Authors: Dawood Suliman , Al-Audhahi Ahmed M. , Saif Amin
Published: September 2022

Aims/ Objectives: In this paper, we study the continuity property in grill topological spaces via generalized G\(\omega\) -closed sets and regular generalized G\(\omega\) - closed sets. These notions are generalized G\(\omega\) - continuous functions which is weak form of g\(\omega\) - continuous functions, generalized G\(\omega\) - irresolute functions, regular generalized G\(\omega\) - continuous functions which is weak form of rg\(\omega\)continuous functions, regular generalized G\(\omega\) - irresolute functions and investigates some of its properties in grill topological spaces.
Spatial Distribution of Fluoride in Groundwater of Narasinghpur Block, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Authors: Mohanty Shraddha , Nayak R. K. , Jena Bandita , Padhan Kshitipati , Sahoo Sanjib Kumar , Patra R. K. , Swain Ajit Kumar
Published: September 2022

Aims: Fluoride-rich groundwater is common in granite aquifers throughout India and the world. The fluoride concentration of tube well water was investigated in this study. Also discussion was made on fluorides and their correlation with other water-quality indicators.

Place and Duration of Study: The research area i.e. Narasinghpur block fall in the western half of the Cuttack district of Odisha under lateritic uplands and hilly tract. Before the rainy season (January, 2020), fifty two groundwater samples from different places in Narasinghpur were collected.

Methodology: Standard procedures were used for collecting, preserving, analysing, and interpreting several parameters viz., pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3-, CO32-, F- etc. of water samples.

Results: The content of fluoride ranged from 0.58 to 4.95 mg L-1. Fluoride containing minerals released into groundwater due to the alkaline pH and high bicarbonate levels. The arid environment of the region, the predominance of granitic, khondalitic, and charnockitic rocks, the longer contact time with fluoride-bearing minerals, and the minimal freshwater exchange are responsible for the high concentration of fluorides in the groundwater. Positive correlations were found between F- and pH (r= 0.681**), Na+ (r= 0.690**), and HCO3- (r= 0.719**), and negative correlations with Ca2+ (r= -0.565**) and Mg2+ (r= -0.597**).

Conclusion: Majority of the groundwater samples collected from gram panchayats falling under the block contained fluoride level higher than that set by BIS/WHO standard, posing a hazard to various ecosystems. The people dependent on these groundwater resources are prone to several health hazards.
Soil Physico-chemical Properties as Influenced by Combined use of NPK and Zinc at Varying Levels under Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) Cultivation in an Inceptisol of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Ghosh Koushik , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Ravindra Jadhav
Published: September 2022

In the modern era, Indian farmers are constantly confronted with the enormous challenge of increasing blackgram production due to low inherent nutrient status, indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and rapid depletion of soil fertility. Therefore, the recommended dose of fertilizer application is essential for increasing the nutrient reputation of the soil, with the intention of enhancing the blackgram production in our country. In view of limited information, a field experiment was undertaken at the Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P), during late kharif season of 2021, to investigate the “Effect of Different Levels of NPK and Zinc on Physico-Chemical properties of Soil, Growth and Yield of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) var. RBU-38”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments randomly allocated into three replications. The treatment consisted of three levels of NPK (0:0:0, 10:20:10 and 20:40:20 kg ha-1) and three levels of zinc (0, 2.5 and 5 kg ha-1). Statistical interpretation of experimental results indicated that application of blended NPK @ 20:40:20 kg ha-1 in conjunction with Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 [T9] performed better in maintaining soil properties by way of registering optimum values of bulk density (1.298 Mg m-3), particle density (2.454 Mg m-3), pore space (47.11%), water holding capacity (40.17%) with neutral in soil pH (7.375), non-saline nature of EC (0.281 dS m-1) and low in organic carbon (0.437%). In case of soil nutrient status, the highest availability of nitrogen (287.08 kg ha-1), potassium (201.53 kg ha-1) and zinc (0.685 ppm) at post-harvest soil of blackgram were also recorded in T9 [N20P40K20 + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1] as compared to other treatments, while maximum phosphorus (25.10 kg ha-1) availability was noted under T7 [N20P40K20 + Zn @ 0 kg ha-1] due to the antagonistic relationship between phosphorus and zinc.
In-vitro Evaluation of Fungicides against Leaf Spot and Flower Blight of Marigold
Authors: Das Prittam , Satapathy Rakeshroshan , Sahoo Kartik Chandra
Published: September 2022

Marigold belonging to family Asteraceae, are most common in plant kingdom. It is an important commercial ornamental plant and garden flower. It is found in different colours and different fragrance. Yellow colour is most common. Leaf spot and flower blight is serious disease of marigold causing yield loss in crop. The present investigation was carried out with an objective to study the efficacy of new fungicides available in the market in in-vitrocondition. Eleven fungicides such as azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin + tebuconazole, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, tebuconazole + sulphur, wet sulphur, mancozeb, metalaxly, chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + metalaxly were evaluated at the concentration of 0.1%, 0.15% ,0.1%, 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.25%, 0.3%,0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.3% respectively. it has been found that combination of azoxystrobin + tebuconazole recorded mycelia growth inhibition of (97.30%) followed by tebuconazole + sulphur (95.95%) and Metalaxly of 95.05%. The least inhibition of 18.47% was recorded by wettable sulphur. Further the effectiveness of new fungicides may be tested under field condition against Alternaria zinniae.
Unravelling the Genetic Variability for Yield Attributed Traits to Identify the Superior and High Yielding Genotypes in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)
Authors: Sala M. , Sarankumar C. , Ashok S. , Vadivel T. Shunmuga , Valarmathi M.
Published: September 2022

Black gram is one of the important summer pulse crops of many south Asian countries viz., India, Bangladesh, Korea, Thailand, and Pakistan. Also, Black gram served as a good protein, especially in the form of lysine which is lacking in the other pulse crops. The study of the variance of many quantitative traits paves a way to identify better genotypes concerning our needs. Nowadays, improving the yield is the foremost thing in concern of food security, which requires a stringent procedure and data analysis to identify the superior genotypes processing high-yielding characteristics. Hence an investigation was conducted on 12 black gram genotypes to gain an insight into the existing pattern of variability for quantitative traits to find out the high-yielding superior genotypes. The analysis of variance revealed that all the genotypes differed significantly among themselves for all the characters. The phenotypic coefficient of variation value was found to be higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all ten characters. The traits viz., number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, and pod length recorded moderate estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation. Pod length (91.74%) recorded the highest heritability followed by single plant yield (88.10%), number of pods per plant (76.17%), days to 50% flowering (71.73%) and number of seeds per pod (62.61%). Moderate heritability was observed for plant height (57.38%), hundred seed weight (50.05%), number of clusters per plant (49.22%), number of branches per plant (43.39%), and days to maturity (40.77%). Hence these characters could be given importance during the selection program for developing high-yielding varieties.
Anencephaly and Its Associated Congenital Anomalies: A Case Report of a Delivery in a Rural Hospital, in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Opolot Ismail , Waako Christopher Knox , Wandabwa Julius , Namwase Joyce , Konso Jennipher Mariam
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Anencephaly also called cranioschisis is part of neural tube defects spectrum which occur when the neural tube fails to close normally during the 3rd and 4th weeks of development leading to fetal loss, still birth or neonatal death. Literature show that causation of anencephaly is multifactorial involving interaction of genetics and the environment though not well characterized. In this case report, we present the features of anencephaly and its different clinical associated malformations.

Methods: A case report study design was employed to explore the prenatal and antenatal events that resulted into an anencephaly delivery. The intra-natal and immediate postnatal fetal observations and outcome were documented. We also documented the care given to the mother throughout ANC, time of delivery and postnatally until discharge.

Results: 29-year G2P1+0 at 29W2D, presented with 2 days’ sudden progressive per vaginal bleeding and clear non-foul discharge on 2nd day of admission with no history of abdominal pain, fever or trauma. Two days later she was delivered by Caesarean section to a grossly neural malformed preterm baby boy with APGAR score 6 at 1 minute and 4 at 5 minutes. Birth weight and length were 1.5 kg and 48.6cm respectively. The baby life indicators deteriorated progressively and finally died at 36 minutes after time of delivery.

Conclusion: Although interaction between genomic and environmental factors that play a key role in the causation of anencephaly can not clearly be evaluated, there is an understanding of pre-natal and antenatal factors that predispose to this case such as lack of Folate and or interference with its bioavailability, use of teratogenic drugs taken during pregnancy and antenatal maternal conditions. We therefore recommend routine supply of folate to girls and women intending or risk to conceive 3 months before pregnancy through first trimester and health education about use of native drugs and any other conventional medicines during pregnancy.
Optimal Combinations of Control Strategies for Dynamics of Endemic Malaria Disease Transmission
Authors: Edossa Dereje Gutema , Wedajo Alemu Geleta , Koya Purnachandra Rao
Published: September 2022

In this study, a non-linear system of ordinary differential equation model that describe the dynamics of malaria disease transmission is derived and analyzed. Conditions are derived from the existence of disease-free and endemic equilibria. Basic reproduction number R0 of the model is obtained, and we investigated that it is the threshold parameter between the extinction and persistence of the disease. If R0 is less than unity, then the disease-free equilibrium point is both locally and globally asymptotically stable resulting in the disease removing out of the host populations. The disease can persist whenever R0 is greater than unity. At R0 is equal to unity, existence conditions are derived from the endemic equilibrium for both forward and backward bifurcations. Furthermore, optimal combinations of time dependent control measures are incorporated to the model, and we derived the necessary conditions of the optimal control using Pontryagins’s maximum principal theory. Numerical simulations were conducted using MATLAB software to confirm our analytical results. Our findings were that malaria disease may be controlled more with strict application of the combination of all control measures that is, the combination of prevention of drug resistance, insecticide treated net ITN, indoor residual spray IRS and active treatment than when the combination of three control measures are used.
The Equitable Presentation for the Extended Quantum Algebra Uq(f(K; J))
Authors: Ye Lixia , Mei Xuefeng
Published: September 2022

Let Uq(f(K; J)) be an extended quantum enveloping algebra associated to sl2. In this paper, we display an equitable presentation for Uq(f(K; J)), in which all generators appear on a more equal footing. We also show that the equitable generators Y and Z are not invertible. Moreover, we give a presentation for the positive even subalgebra of Uq(f(K; J)) by generators and relations.
Levels of Estrogen, Progesterone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone among Nigerian Females Living with Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Okocha Emmanuel Chide , Manafa Patrick Onochie , Ugwu Ngozi Immaculata , Odoemenam Helen Osinakachi , Okechukwu Chukwuma George , Onah Christian
Published: September 2022

Background: Sickle cell Anaemia (SCA) is an inherited disorder characterized by abnormality in sexual development and reduced fertility which may be due to derangement in the level of sex hormones. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of estrogen, progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) among adult females with SCA (HbSS).

Methods: A cross-sectional study of adult female patients with HbSS as well as individuals with sickle cell trait (HbAS) and normal adult haemoglobin (HbAA) was done. Hemoglobin phenotype was determined using electrophoretic method.  Estrogen, progesterone and FSH levels were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, full blood count was determined using Hematology autoanalyzer while disease severity was evaluated using an objective scoring system.

Results: Seventy females with mean age of 23.8 ±4.9 years were studied. They included 30 (42.8%) HbSS participants in steady state and 40 controls [20 (28.6%) HbAS and 20 (28.6%) HbAA]. There was significant decrease in mean serum levels of estrogen in individuals with HbSS compared to those of HbAS and HbAA (P<0.05). Also, there was significant decrease in progesterone level when HbSS were compared to HbAS participants (p< 0.05), but the difference didn’t reach significance level when HbSS were compared with HbAA participants (P>0.05).  There was higher mean serum level of FSH in HbSS when compared to HbAS and HbAA, though not significant (P>0.05). FSH levels was also found to be inversely correlated with disease severity in individuals with HbSS, though not significant.

Conclusion: Female individuals with HbSS have significantly lower mean levels of estrogen and progesterone compared to Hb AA and HbAS individuals but higher FSH levels compared to HbAS and HbAA individuals, though not significant. Among HbSS individuals, FSH level correlated inversely with disease severity, though not significant.
Comparative Adsorption Performance of Carbon-containing Hydroxyapatite Derived Tenggiri (Scomberomorini) and Belida (Chitala) Fish Bone for Methylene Blue
Authors: Lestari Sri , Nurhadi Mukhamad , Wardani Ratna Kusuma , Saputro Eko , Pujisupiati Retno , Muskita Nova Sukmawati , Fortuna Nezalsa , Purwandari A’an Suri , Aryani Fahria , Lai Sin Yuan , Nur Hadi
Published: September 2022

The utilization of fishbone as the carbon source for methylene blue adsorption has been successfully studied. Fishbone was prepared from two kinds of fish such as marine fisheries (ex. Tenggiri) and freshwater fisheries (ex. Belida). The carbons were prepared by carbonation of fishbone powder at  500 °C for 2 h. Physical properties of carbons were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and hydrophobicity. The carbons were utilized as the adsorbent for removing methylene blue by varying the contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. It is concluded that both carbons can very good adsorb the methylene blue. The adsorption performance of carbon (TFC) from Tenggiri fish is better than carbon (BFC) from Belida fish. The adsorption was well fitted with the Langmuir adsorption model (R2 ~ 0.998) and the pseudo-second-order model. This indicated that the dye molecules were adsorbed on the surface-active site of carbon via chemical binding, forming an adsorbate monolayer. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS), indicated that the adsorption of methylene blue onto the carbon from fishbone was spontaneous. Thus, carbon from fishbone can be applied as a low-cost adsorbent to treat industrial effluents contaminated with methylene blue. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
N‐Myristoylation of recoverin enhances its efficiency as an inhibitor of rhodopsin kinase
Authors: Senin Ivan I. , Zargarov Aminullah A. , Alekseev Andrey M. , Gorodovikova Elena N. , Lipkin Valery M. , Philippov Pavel P.
Published: July 2002

Recoverin, a recently identified member of the EF‐hand superfamily of Ca2+‐binding proteins, is capable to inhibit rhodopsin phosphorylation by rhodopsin kinase at high but not at low free [Ca2+]. The N‐terminal glycine residue of retinal recoverin is heterogeneously acylated with myristoyl or related N‐acyl group. To clarify the role of the N‐terminal acylation of recoverin in its inhibitory action upon rhodopsin phosphorylation, we compared the efficiency of myristoylated and non‐myristoylated forms of recombinant recoverin as inhibitors of rhodopsin kinase activity. We have found that rhodopsin phosphorylation by purified rhodopsin kinase, which does not depend on free [Ca2+] in the absence of recoverin, is regulated by Ca2+ in the presence of both forms of the recombinant protein. EC50 values for Ca2+ are the same (2 μM) for the myristoylated and non‐myristoylated forms; the Hill coefficients of 1.7 and 0.9, respectively, indicate that the effect is cooperative with respect to Ca2+ only for myristoylated recoverin. In the presence of Ca2+, both forms of recoverin taken at saturated concentrations cause an almost equal inhibition of rhodopsin phosphorylation. However, the inhibitory action of the myristoylated form occurs at much lower its concentrations than that of the non‐myristoylated form (EC50 are 0.9 and 6.5 μM, respectively).
Application of linear free energy relationships to the serpin–proteinase inhibition mechanism
Authors: Nash Piers , McFadden Grant , Whitty Adrian
Published: July 2002

Linear free energy relationships can be used to link the changes in rate constant for a reaction to changes in the equilibrium caused by alterations in structure. While they have most often been used in the analysis of chemical reactions, they have also been employed to resolve questions in enzymology and protein folding. Here we analyze the reaction of a serpin with a panel of six serine proteinases, and observe that a linear free energy relationship exists between the true second‐order rate constant for reaction, k
inh, and the inhibition constant, K
I, indicating that formation of the covalent serpin–enzyme complex may be reversible.
Cooperative repression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 gene expression by hepatitis B virus X protein and hepatitis C virus core protein
Authors: Han Hae Jin , Jung Eun Young , Lee Woo Jung , Jang Kyung Lib
Published: July 2002

Co‐infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common and is associated with a more severe liver disease and increased frequency in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we demonstrated that HBV X protein (HBx) and HCV core protein additively repress the universal cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 gene at the transcription level. The transforming growth factor‐β responsive element and Sp1 site of the p21 promoter were responsible for the effect of HCV core and HBx, respectively. Furthermore, cell growth was additively stimulated by them, suggesting that additive repression of the p21 might be important to understand the cooperative development of HCC by HBV and HCV.
Extractive Bioconversion of 2‐Phenylethanol from l‐Phenylalanine by Saccharomycescerevisiae
Authors: Stark D. , Münch T. , Sonnleitner B. , Marison I. W. , Stockar U. von
Published: July 2002

The bioconversion of l‐phenylalanine (l‐Phe) to 2‐phenylethanol (PEA) by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is limited by the toxicity of the product. PEA extraction by a separate organic phase in the fermenter is the ideal in situ product recovery (ISPR) technique to enhance productivity. Oleic acid was chosen as organic phase for two‐phase fed‐batch cultures, although it interfered to some extent with yeast viability. There was a synergistic inhibitory impact toward S. cerevisiae in the presence of PEA, and therefore a maximal PEA concentration in the aqueous phase of only 2.1 g/L was achieved, compared to 3.8 g/L for a normal fed‐batch culture. However, the overall PEA concentration in the fermenter was increased to 12.6 g/L, because the PEA concentration in the oleic phase attained a value of 24 g/L. Thus, an average volumetric PEA production rate of 0.26 g L−1 h−1 and a maximal volumetric PEA production rate of 0.47 g L−1 h−1 were achieved in the two‐phase fed‐batch culture. As ethanol inhibition had to be avoided, the production rates were limited by the intrinsic oxidative capacity of S. cerevisiae. In addition, the high viscosity of the two‐phase system lowered the kla, and therefore also the productivity. Thus, if a specific ISPR technique is planned, it consequently has to be remembered that the productivity of this bioconversion process is also quickly limited by the kla of the fermenter at high cell densities.
Modeling and Evaluation of an Integrated Nitrogen Removal System with Microorganisms Co‐immobilized in Double‐Layer Gel Beads
Authors: Santos Vítor A. P. M. dos , Marchal Leonardus M. , Tramper Johannes , Wijffels René H.
Published: July 2002

A dynamic model describing integrated nitrification and denitrification by Nitrosomonas europaea and Pseudomonas sp. co‐immobilized in the separate layers of double‐layer gel beads is presented. The model describes diffusion of components, substrate utilization, and growth, all occurring simultaneously in the beads. Both internal and external mass transfer resistance are accounted for. The model predicts biomass and solute bulk concentrations, substrate consumption rates, product formation rates, and biomass and solute concentration profiles within the beads as a function of time. Fluctuations in substrate load, dilution rates, or mass transfer parameters can be accommodated as well. Intrinsic kinetic parameters of the microorganisms, internal and external mass transfer coefficients, initial conditions, bead concentration, and particle diameters are the input parameters. The model was evaluated by comparing experimental and predicted bulk concentrations and macroscopic consumption (production) rates in air‐lift loop reactors containing double‐layer gel beads. The reactors were run under both steady and dynamic operating conditions. Nitrification rates were determined by daily analysis of influent and effluent ammonia and nitrite concentrations, and denitrification rates were calculated from molecular nitrogen production rates measured by head‐space analysis. Model predictions agreed reasonably well with the experimental results. Fluctuations in dilution rates and influent substrate concentrations were adequately described. Although further validation is still required, the model presented here has shown to describe satisfactorily the proposed system.
Association of brain γ-tubulins with αβ-tubulin dimers
Authors: SULIMENKO Vadym , SULIMENKO Tetyana , POZNANOVIC Slobodan , NECHIPORUK-ZLOY Volodymyr , BÖHM Konrad J. , MACUREK Libor , UNGER Eberhard , DRÁBER Pavel
Published: July 2002

γ-Tubulin is necessary for nucleation and polar orientation of microtubules in vivo. The molecular mechanism of microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin and the regulation of this process are not fully understood. Here we show that there are two γ-tubulin forms in the brain that are present in complexes of various sizes. Large complexes tend to dissociate in the presence of a high salt concentration. Both γ-tubulins co-polymerized with tubulin dimers, and multiple γ-tubulin bands were identified in microtubule protein preparations under conditions of non-denaturing electrophoresis. Immunoprecipitation experiments with monoclonal antibodies against γ-tubulin and α-tubulin revealed interactions of both γ-tubulin forms with tubulin dimers, irrespective of the size of complexes. We suggest that, besides small and large γ-tubulin complexes, other molecular γ-tubulin form(s) exist in brain extracts. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed multiple charge variants of γ-tubulin in both brain extracts and microtubule protein preparations. Post-translational modification(s) of γ-tubulins might therefore have an important role in the regulation of microtubule nucleation in neuronal cells.
Bcl‐2 expression correlates positively with serum basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and negatively with cellular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Bairey O. , Zimra Y. , Shaklai M. , Rabizadeh E.
Published: July 2002

A large proportion of B‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) cells express the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to upregulate the expression of Bcl‐2 in B‐CLL cell lines. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to enhance the survival of endothelial cells by upregulating the expression of Bcl‐2. In the present study, we measured serum and cellular levels of bFGF and VEGF in 85 patients with CLL using a commercial quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Levels of Bcl‐2 were also assayed concomitantly using Western blot analysis. The mean serum level of bFGF was 53·4 pg/ml (range 0–589) and that of VEGF 459·2 pg/ml (range 33–1793). The mean cellular level of bFGF was 158·3 pg/2 × 105 cells (range 0·8–841) and VEGF, 42·4 pg/2 × 105 cells (range 0–244). A high correlation was found between serum and cellular bFGF levels (P < 0·001), but not between the corresponding VEGF levels. Twenty‐nine of 69 patients (42%) evaluated for Bcl‐2 level, expressed it. The Bcl‐2 level was positively correlated with the serum bFGF level (P = 0·007). However, surprisingly there was a negative correlation between Bcl‐2 expression and intracellular VEGF level (P = 0·003). A positive correlation was also found between serum bFGF and disease follow‐up time and log white blood cell count. These findings indicate that in CLL there is a correlation between angiogenesis‐related factors and apoptosis‐related protein expression, and elevated bFGF levels may account for the elevated Bcl‐2 levels.
Health and social factors affecting the food choice and nutritional intake of elderly people with restricted mobility
Authors: Wylie C. , Copeman J. , Kirk S. F. L.
Published: July 2002

Background: Little is known about the magnitude of social and health factors which affect the food choices and nutritional intake of elderly people with restricted mobility.

Design: Semistructured taped interviews were used to capture expressions used in the identification of health and social factors which affect food choices and nutritional intake of 13 female subjects and three male subjects living in the community with restricted mobility. Twenty‐four‐hour recall assessment was used to establish their dietary intake and meal patterns.

Results: There was an inadequate intake of fluid, fruit and vegetables and nonstarch polysaccharide by the subjects. In addition, there was an infrequent consumption of cooked meals. Health and social factors which affect the food choices and nutritional intake of older people were identified as being inadequate money, inadequate food storage facilities, physical disabilities affecting food preparation, poor access to shops, difficulties in undertaking the shopping, type of cooking facilities, loneliness and bereavement.

Conclusion: Elderly people living in the community with restricted mobility may be unable to consume an optimum nutritional intake due to the health and social factors identified which affect their food choices and nutritional intake.