bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatal poisoning due to ingestion of boiled oleander leaf extract
Authors: Okuda Hirozumi , Fukushima Hidetada , Nakatsukasa Tomoaki , Yamamoto Koji , Kaizaki‐Mitsumoto Asuka , Numazawa Satoshi , Kamijo Yoshito
Published: September 2023

Nerium oleander is an ornamental evergreen shrub belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The Apocynaceae family includes the attractive evergreen shrub known as oleander. The cardiotoxic glycoside, oleandrin, is present in all portions of the common oleander plant. Oleander consumption can result in deadly situations accidentally or as a suicide attempt. After consuming kettle‐boiled oleander leaf extract as part of a suicide attempt, an 80‐year‐old man was discovered comatose in his home and taken to our emergency room. The patient's heart rate was 30 beats per minute, and he had hypotension. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed remarkable metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia (K: 7.7 mEq/L). An electrocardiogram showed a wide QRS wave, similar to a sine curve. The patient collapsed following cardiac arrest soon after hospital arrival. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated; however, the patient eventually died. The serum level of oleandrin at hospital arrival, subsequently measured by LC–MS/MS, was found to be 33.4 ng/mL, far above the levels reported in previous fatal cases.
Modeling of soluble solid content of PE‐packaged blueberries based on near‐infrared spectroscopy with back propagation neural network and partial least squares (BP–PLS) algorithm
Authors: Chen Ya , Li Yaoxiang , Williams Roger A. , Zhang Zheyu , Peng Rundong , Liu Xiaoli , Xing Tao
Published: September 2023

Blueberries are a nutritious and popular berry worldwide. The physical and chemical properties of blueberries constantly change through the cycle of the supply chain (from harvest to sale). The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid method for detecting the properties of packaged blueberries based on near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR was applied to quantitatively determine the soluble solid content (SSC) of polyethylene (PE)‐packaged blueberries. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model was established to show the correlation between spectral data and the measured SSC. Multiplicative scattering correction, standard normal variable, Savitzky–Golay convolution first derivative, and normalization (Normalize) were used for spectra preprocessing. Uninformative variables elimination, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, and iteratively retaining informative variables were jointly used for wavelength optimization. NIR‐based SSC prediction models for unpacked blueberries and PE‐packaged blueberries were developed using partial least squares (PLS). The prediction model for PE‐packaged samples (RP2= 0.876, root mean square error of prediction [RMSEP] = 0.632) had less precision than the model for unpacked samples (RP2= 0.953, RMSEP = 0.611). To reduce the effect of PE, the back propagation (BP) neural network and PLS were combined into the BP–PLS algorithm based on the residual learning algorithm. The model of BP–PLS (RP2= 0.947, RMSEP = 0.414) was successfully developed to improve the prediction accuracy of SSC for PE‐packaged blueberries. The results suggested a promising way of using the BP–PLS method in tandem with NIR for the rapid detection of the SSC of PE‐packaged blueberries.

Practical Application

Most of the NIR‐based research used unpacked blueberries as samples, while the use of packaged blueberries would provide researchers with a better understanding of the crucial factors at different phases of the blueberry supply chain (from harvest to sale). To meet market demands and minimize losses, NIR spectroscopy has been proven to be a rapid and nondestructive method for the determination of the SSC of PE‐packaged blueberries. This study provides an effective method for monitoring the properties of blueberries in the entire supply chain.
Exploring resource implications and models of care for assessment and diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Kent Nykola , Hayes Nicole , Young Sophia , Vanderpeet Chelsea , Shanley Dianne , Harris Katrina , Pestell Carmela , Elliott Elizabeth , Reid Natasha
Published: September 2023

Previous reviews have examined annual mean costs of care for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), costs of the health burden, costs to the justice system, productivity losses for caregivers, and both the monetary and nonmonetary costs of reduced quality of life. However, because there have been no published reviews focused on understanding the resource implications and specific service features for the assessment and diagnostic process for FASD, the current scoping review investigated the available evidence on these topics. Eligible studies were identified through a systematic search of six databases and included if they contained information on the potential costs or models of care associated with undertaking an assessment for FASD. Data were charted, underwent content analysis, and were reported according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Eleven studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The primary patient costs were attributed to the lengthy time required for diagnosis (up to 47 h). The primary service costs were attributed to costs of clinicians and support personnel and the involvement of multidisciplinary teams in the assessment process. Estimates of the specific dollar values of diagnostic costs were limited and varied between studies. Several models of care were explored, primarily in Canadian clinics, which aimed to capitalize on available services to improve accessibility and patient care and reduce service costs. This study provides important preliminary insights into the resource implications and models of care involved in the diagnostic assessment of FASD. However, the low number of available studies and variability in available data highlight the need for formal costing studies and detailed information gathering on available models of care to inform future clinical practice and policy development.
Predictors of West African urban bird species richness and composition
Authors: Adegbola Festus O. , Ayodele Ibukunoluwa Augustine , Iwajomo Soladoye B. , Adeyanju Taiye A.
Published: September 2023

Urbanisation and its associated habitat loss and fragmentation are considered a major threat to wildlife. In this study, we assessed the predictors of bird species abundance, richness and composition within 70 cells of 500 m by 500 m spread across the five urban areas constituting Ibadan metropolis. A total of 4167 individuals of 55 species belonging to 30 families were recorded. We report that Laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis, Speckled pigeon Columba guinea and Yellow‐billed kite Milvus aegyptius contributed to a greater proportion of bird abundance across sites and Columbidae was the most abundant bird family. Bird species richness increased significantly with tree abundance but decreased significantly with the number of pedestrians. Similarly, foraging guild richness declined significantly with the number of pedestrians. Granivores and scavengers constituted the most abundant foraging guilds. Areas with high pedestrians' traffic were associated with fewer trees and were dominated by fewer numbers of species belonging to a few foraging guilds. This is likely because such areas offer limited foraging opportunities or cover from potential predators. We conclude that improving urban landscape characteristics through revegetation, establishment of green spaces and buffering from human disturbance will improve the composition and richness of avian species in the Ibadan metropolis.
Warfarin and aspirin versus warfarin alone for prevention of bleeding and thrombotic events in patients with a HeartMate 3™ left ventricular assist device
Authors: Yi Michelle , Iyer Prashanth , Byku Mirnela , Hollis Ian B.
Published: September 2023

Background

We conducted a single‐center, retrospective comparison of adult patients who received warfarin and ASA or warfarin alone after HeartMate 3 (HM3) LVAD placement.

Methods

The primary outcome was a composite of bleeding and thrombotic events.

Results

Of 81 patients, 53 patients received warfarin and ASA, and 28 patients received warfarin alone. A primary outcome event occurred in 22 of 53 patients (41.4%) in the warfarin and ASA group and in 2 of 28 patients (7.1%) in the warfarin alone group (p = 0.0533). The odds of a bleeding event occurring were higher in the warfarin and ASA group (32.1% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.01309). The odds of a thrombotic event occurring were not significantly different between the warfarin and ASA group and the warfarin alone group (9.4% vs. 0%, respectively, p = 0.1582).

Conclusion

The complete omission of ASA from the antithrombotic regimen of patients with a HM3 LVAD was associated with less bleeding events without an increase in thrombotic events.
A prototype protocol for evaluating the real‐world data set using a structured electronic health record in glaucoma
Authors: Sulonen Sakari , Leinonen Sanna , Lehtonen Eemil , Hujanen Pekko , Vaajanen Anu , Syvänen Ulla , Hemelings Ruben , Stalmans Ingeborg , Tuulonen Anja , Uusitalo‐Jarvinen Hannele
Published: September 2023

Purpose

As the first step in monitoring and evaluating day‐to‐day glaucoma care, this study reports all real‐world data recorded during the first full year after the implementation of a prototype for glaucoma‐specific structured electronic healthcare record (EHR).

Methods

In 2019, 4618 patients visited Tays Medical Glaucoma Clinic at Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Finland, that serves a population of 0.53 M. Patient data were entered into a glaucoma‐specific EHR by trained nurses to be checked by glaucoma specialists. Tays Eye Centre follows the Finnish Current Care Guideline for glaucoma in which glaucoma is defined using a ‘2 out of 3’ rule, that is, ≥2 findings evaluated as glaucomatous in optic nerve head (ONH), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and visual field (VF).

Results

The clinical evaluations of ONH, RNFL and VF were recorded in 95%–100% of all eyes. ONH was evaluated as glaucomatous more often (44%) than RNFL (33%) and VF tests (30%). Progressive changes in any of the three tests were recorded in 35% of the ‘≥2/3 glaucoma group’ compared to 2%–9% in the other groups. The mean IOP at visit was 15 mmHg. The mean target IOP was 17 mmHg, and it was recorded in 94% of eyes.

Conclusion

The developed structured data presentation enables comparisons between different population‐based real‐world glaucoma data sets and glaucoma clinics. Compared to a data set from the UK, the proportion of glaucoma suspicion‐related visits was smaller in Tays Eye Centre and test intervals were longer.
具身博物馆: 虚拟技术视域下的博物馆具身化转向
Authors: Zhou Wupeng
Published: September 2023

摘 要

博物馆实践中的展示、教育、收藏、研究与观众服务,无不涉及身体本身与身体技术的概念化。博物馆本身的认知性积累及其物质形式,不但牵涉科学与文化的不同观点,也牵涉内在与外在、集体与个人、身体与灵魂之间互补性的二元区分。身体在博物馆中始终是一个不可或缺的重要维度。因此,本文旨在通过分析身体在博物馆中的基础作用来探讨未来博物馆以身体为中心的发展趋势,即从博物馆如何实现身体的在场出发,从博物馆物的历史文化实践性过渡到博物馆身体的社会属性,一直延续至当今虚拟技术视域下的博物馆具身化转向。
Comparative retention and effectiveness of migraine preventive treatments: A nationwide registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Bjørk Marte H. , Borkenhagen Solveig , Oteiza Francisco , Dueland Aud N. , Sørgaard Frank E. , Sæther Erik Magnus , Bugge Christoffer
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose

Little is known about the comparative effects of migraine preventive drugs. We aimed to estimate treatment retention and effectiveness of migraine preventive drugs in a nationwide registry‐based cohort study in Norway between 2010 and 2020.

Methods

We assessed retention, defined as the number of uninterrupted treatment days, and effectiveness, defined as the reduction in filled triptan prescriptions during four 90‐day periods after the first preventive prescription, compared to a 90‐day baseline period. We compared retention and efficacy for different drugs against beta blockers. Comparative retention was estimated with hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for covariates, using Cox regression, and effectiveness as odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression, with propensity‐weighted adjustment for covariates.

Results

We identified 104,072 migraine patients, 81,890 of whom were female (78.69%) and whose mean (standard deviation) age was 44.60 (15.61) years. Compared to beta blockers, botulinum toxin (HR 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42–0.44) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide pathway antibodies (CGRPabs; HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.59–0.66) were the least likely to be discontinued, while clonidine (HR 2.95, 95% CI 2.88–3.02) and topiramate (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.31–1.37) were the most likely to be discontinued. Patients on simvastatin, CGRPabs, and amitriptyline were more likely to achieve a clinically significant reduction in triptan use during the first 90 days of treatment, with propensity score‐adjusted ORs of 1.28 (95% CI 1.19–1.38), 1.23 (95% CI 0.79–1.90), and 1.13 (95% CI 1.08–1.17), respectively.

Conclusions

We found a favorable effect of CGRPabs, amitriptyline, and simvastatin compared with beta blockers, while topiramate and clonidine were associated with poorer outcomes.
Late‐onset Tay−Sachs disease presenting with a neuromuscular phenotype—a case series
Authors: Fullam Sarah , Togher Zara , Power Alan , Kennelly Laura , McHugh John C. , O'Dowd Sean , Tubridy Niall , Hardiman Orla , Costigan Donal , Ryan Aisling , Lefter Stela , Connolly Sean , Murphy Sinead M.
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose

Tay−Sachs disease is a rare and often fatal, autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disease. Deficiency in β‐hexosaminidase leads to accumulation of GM2 ganglioside resulting in neuronal swelling and degeneration. Typical onset is in infancy with developmental regression and early death. Late‐onset Tay−Sachs disease (LOTS) is extremely rare, especially in the non‐Ashkenazi Jewish population, and is characterized by a more indolent presentation typically encompassing features of cerebellar and anterior horn cell dysfunction in addition to extrapyramidal and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Cases

A case series of four unrelated patients of non‐Ashkenazi Jewish origin with a predominantly, and in some cases pure, neuromuscular phenotype with evidence of a motor neuronopathy on electromyography is presented. Cerebellar atrophy, reported to be a ubiquitous feature in LOTS, was absent in all patients.

Conclusion

This case series provides evidence to support a pure neuromuscular phenotype in LOTS, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior horn cell disorders.
Association of magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes and serum biomarker levels with treatment response and long‐term disease outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Midaglia Luciana , Rovira Alex , Miró Berta , Río Jordi , Fissolo Nicolás , Castilló Joaquín , Sánchez Alex , Montalban Xavier , Comabella Manuel
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose

The aim was to evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotypes defined by inflammation and neurodegeneration markers correlate with serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients; and to explore the role of radiological phenotypes and biomarker levels on treatment response and long‐term prognostic outcomes.

Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging scans from 80 RRMS patients were classified at baseline of interferon‐beta (IFNβ) treatment into radiological phenotypes defined by high and low inflammation and high and low neurodegeneration, based on the number of contrast‐enhancing lesions, brain parenchymal fraction and the relative volume of non‐enhancing black holes on T1‐weighted images. Serum levels of NfL and GFAP were measured at baseline with single molecule array (Simoa) assays. MRI phenotypes and serum biomarker levels were investigated for their association with IFNβ response, and times to second‐line therapies, secondary‐progressive MS (SPMS) conversion and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 6.0.

Results

Mean (SD) follow‐up was 17 (2.9) years. Serum NfL levels and GFAP were higher in the high inflammation (p = 0.04) and high neurodegeneration phenotypes (p = 0.03), respectively. The high inflammation phenotype was associated with poor response to IFNβ treatment (p = 0.04) and with shorter time to second‐line therapies (p = 0.04). In contrast, the high neurodegeneration phenotype was associated with shorter time to SPMS (p = 0.006) and a trend towards shorter time to EDSS 6.0 (p = 0.09). High serum NfL levels were associated with poor response to IFNβ treatment (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes defined by inflammation and neurodegeneration correlate with serum biomarker levels, and both have prognostic implications in treatment response and long‐term disease outcomes.
Interictal epileptiform discharges contribute to word‐finding difficulty in epilepsy through multiple cognitive mechanisms
Authors: Silva Alexander B. , Leonard Matthew K. , Oganian Yulia , D'Esopo Emma , Krish Devon , Kopald Brandon , Tran Edwina B. , Chang Edward F. , Kleen Jonathan K.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Cognitive impairment often impacts quality of life in epilepsy even if seizures are controlled. Word‐finding difficulty is particularly prevalent and often attributed to etiological (static, baseline) circuit alterations. We sought to determine whether interictal discharges convey significant superimposed contributions to word‐finding difficulty in patients, and if so, through which cognitive mechanism(s).

Methods

Twenty‐three patients undergoing intracranial monitoring for drug‐resistant epilepsy participated in multiple tasks involving word production (auditory naming, short‐term verbal free recall, repetition) to probe word‐finding difficulty across different cognitive domains. We compared behavioral performance between trials with versus without interictal discharges across six major brain areas and adjusted for intersubject differences using mixed‐effects models. We also evaluated for subjective word‐finding difficulties through retrospective chart review.

Results

Subjective word‐finding difficulty was reported by the majority (79%) of studied patients preoperatively. During intracranial recordings, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in the medial temporal lobe were associated with long‐term lexicosemantic memory impairments as indexed by auditory naming (p = .009), in addition to their established impact on short‐term verbal memory as indexed by free recall (p = .004). Interictal discharges involving the lateral temporal cortex and lateral frontal cortex were associated with delayed reaction time in the auditory naming task (p = .016 and p = .018), as well as phonological working memory impairments as indexed by repetition reaction time (p = .002). Effects of IEDs across anatomical regions were strongly dependent on their precise timing within the task.

Significance

IEDs appear to act through multiple cognitive mechanisms to form a convergent basis for the debilitating clinical word‐finding difficulty reported by patients with epilepsy. This was particularly notable for medial temporal spikes, which are quite common in adult focal epilepsy. In parallel with the treatment of seizures, the modulation of interictal discharges through emerging pharmacological means and neurostimulation approaches may be an opportunity to help address devastating memory and language impairments in epilepsy.
Safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration for pancreatic solid mass in the elderly: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Takahashi Koji , Ohyama Hiroshi , Takiguchi Yuichi , Sekine Yu , Toyama Shodai , Yamada Nana , Sugihara Chihei , Kan Motoyasu , Ouchi Mayu , Nagashima Hiroki , Iino Yotaro , Kusakabe Yuko , Okitsu Kohichiroh , Ohno Izumi , Kato Naoya
Published: September 2023

Aim

There are few reports on the safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in the elderly. In this study, we investigated the safety of EUS‐FNA for pancreatic solid masses in patients aged ≥80 years.

Methods

This is a single‐center retrospective study. A total of 600 patients with pancreatic solid masses who underwent EUS‐FNA under midazolam‐based sedation at our institution between September 2016 and December 2022 were enrolled in this study. Eligible patients were divided into two groups: an elderly group aged ≥80 (n = 84), as well as a nonelderly group aged ≤79 (n = 516). These two groups were compared.

Results

The elderly group required significantly fewer midazolam doses for sedation (P < 0.001). Adverse events occurred in eight patients (1.3%), including one (1.2%) and seven (1.4%) in the elderly and nonelderly groups, respectively (P = 0.90). There were no cases of early adverse events in the elderly group and six cases (1.2%) in the nonelderly group (P = 0.32). There was one case of late adverse events in both the elderly and nonelderly groups (P = 0.14), and both were needle tract seeding. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the proportion of cases in which percutaneous oxygen saturation decreased to ≤90% during the EUS‐FNA.

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests that EUS‐FNA for pancreatic solid masses can be safely performed in patients aged >80 years without increasing the adverse event rate compared to nonelderly patients aged <80 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 836–841.
Continental bookends—the arrival and departure of the Jurassic Sea in southern England
Authors: Coram Robert A. , Radley Jonathan D. , Webster Andrew J.
Published: September 2023

Rocks laid down during the Jurassic Period (201–143 Ma) in southern England are almost exclusively marine, but are sandwiched between continental deposits of the Late Triassic and Early Cretaceous. The transitions from fully continental to marine then back to continental, in response to continent movements and sea level change, mirror each other in important respects, taking place via intermediate environments which, although separated by approximately 60 million years, show remarkable similarities in their rocks and faunas.
Growing online‐to‐offline platform businesses: How Vytal became the world‐leading provider of smart reusable food packaging
Authors: Recker Jan , Bockelmann Theresa , Barthel Fabian
Published: September 2023

Online platform businesses can grow massively and rapidly. But what if a company's business model features both an online platform application and a physical product, as is the case in logistics (e.g. container distribution), consumer retail (e.g. food delivery), or mobility (e.g. booking of shared rental vehicles)? Online‐to‐offline platform businesses must synchronise online platform growth with offline product transaction growth because online platforms may attract users, but value generation and capture occur through offline product transactions. If one outpaces the other, either demand cannot be satisfied, or costs increase disproportionally. How do online‐to‐offline platform businesses navigate this dilemma? We report on the exemplary case of Vytal, an innovative startup that has managed to become the world‐largest provider of smart reusable packaging solutions in the food retail sector. Vytal couples the distribution of offline food containers with an online transaction platform application that connects restaurants, canteens, and supermarkets with consumers. We trace how Vytal strategically organised and orchestrated their growth online and offline. Based on our analysis, we offer a framework containing practical lessons for how companies can grow online‐to‐offline platform business models and navigate the trade‐offs between the online and offline components of such business models.
CSF 5‐HIAA Predicts Suicide Risk After Attempted Suicide
Authors: Nordström Peter , Samuelsson Mats , Åsberg Marie , Träskman‐Bendz Lil , Åberg‐Wistedt Anna , Nordin Conny , Bertilsson Leif
Published: September 2023

Suicide risk after attempted suicide, as predicted by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolite concentrations, was studied in a sample of 92 psychiatric mood disorder inpatients admitted shortly after attempting suicide. The potential of the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) in the CSF to predict suicide risk within the first year after attempted suicide was studied by means of survival analysis after median split sub‐grouping. Eleven patients (12%) committed suicide within 1 year after attempted suicide. Eight of these belonged to the below‐the‐median (< 87 nM) CSF 5‐HIAA subgroup, that is, the suicide risk was 17% as compared with 7% among those with above‐the‐median CSF 5‐HIAA. The cumulative number of survived patient‐months during the first year after attempted suicide was significantly lower in the low CSF 5‐HIAA subgroup. It was concluded that low CSF 5‐HIAA predicts short‐range suicide risk after attempted suicide in mood disorder psychiatric inpatients. These findings lend further support to the serotonin hypothesis of suicide risk.
Recent Biologic Studies on Suicide
Authors: Roy Alec
Published: September 2023

This paper selectively reviews the author's recent studies on suicidal behavior in depression. Data are reviewed from a study of depressed patients who had monoamine metabolites measured in both the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine. Depressed patients who had attempted suicide had significantly reduced CSF concentrations of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) and significantly lower urinary outputs of HVA than patients who had not attempted suicide. Similarly, patients who went on to reattempt suicide over a 5‐year follow‐up period had both significantly reduced CSF concentrations of HVA and lower urinary outputs of HVA than patients who did not reattempt. These data suggest a role for diminished central dopaminergic neurotransmission in suicidal behavior in depression. Patients who had made a violent suicide attempt also showed evidence of dysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis.
The Heavy Metal Subculture and Suicide
Authors: Stack Steven , Gundlach Jim , Reeves Jimmie L.
Published: September 2023

The impact of the heavy metal music subculture on suicide has been the subject of much public debate but little scholarly research. The present paper assesses this relationship with data on heavy metal magazine subscriptions and youth suicide in the 50 states. We find that, controlling for other predictors of suicide, the greater the strength of the metal subculture, the higher the youth suicide rate. The music perhaps nurtures suicidal tendencies already present in the subculture. The model explains 51% of the variance in youth suicide.
Stress, Coping, and Suicide Risk in Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Josepho Sharon A. , Plutchik Robert
Published: September 2023

The present study investigated the relationship between interpersonal problems, coping styles, and suicide risk. Seventy‐one adult psychiatric inpatients completed a suicide risk scale, a measure of interpersonal problems, and a coping scale designed to measure eight coping styles. Patients admitted with a history of suicidal attempts were compared with patients admitted for other reasons. Interpersonal problems were found to be significantly and positively related to suicide risk. The coping style of “suppression” (tendency to avoid threatening or uncomfortable situations) was found to be significantly and positively related to suicide risk [F(2, 68) = 4.54,p< .01]. Several other coping styles were found to be significantly related to suicide risk. These findings are congruent with a “two‐stage model of countervailing forces” and have both research and clinical implications.
Suicide Survivors Groups: Results of a Survey
Authors: Rubey T. , McIntosh L.
Published: September 2023

Little is known about the nature of suicide survivors groups. Survey responses by 149 U.S. and Canadian groups are characterized as follows: (1) they are most often sponsored by mental health or social service agencies or have no sponsor; (2) groups have operated an average of 8 to 9 years; (3) fewer than 10 people typically attend monthly or twice monthly meetings; (4) group experience predominantly involves sharing personal experiences; (5) leadership generally involves either trained facilitators, mental health professionals, or both; (6) most groups are open ended; (7) all social/ethnic, income, and adult age groups are served, but few children and teenagers attend; and (8) referrals come predominantly by word‐of‐mouth or medical and religious sources. Further research is required regarding survivor group attributes and processes.
Temporal Fluctuations in Suicide Calls to a Crisis Intervention Service
Authors: Noble Ronald Eugene Stuart
Published: September 2023

Suicide‐related calls received by a crisis intervention center were analyzed for temporal variations. The overall number of calls, calls concerning personal suicidal ideation, and calls concerning third‐person suicide potential varied by both month and day of the week. Ideation calls and calls involving a suicide attempt varied by day of the month. Month and day of the week variation in third‐person calls paralleled variations in completed suicides. Fluctuations were large enough to be useful in scheduling crisis center staff. The possibility that third‐person calls represent a greater suicide threat than first‐person calls is discussed.
XBP1 promotes NRASG12D pre‐B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia through IL‐7 receptor signalling and provides a therapeutic vulnerability for oncogenic RAS
Authors: Salimi Azam , Schemionek‐Reinders Mirle , Huber Michael , Vieri Margherita , Patterson John B. , Alten Julia , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Kharabi Masouleh Behzad , Appelmann Iris
Published: September 2023

Activating point mutations of the RAS gene act as driver mutations for a subset of precursor‐B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (pre‐B ALL) and represent an ambitious target for therapeutic approaches. The X box‐binding protein 1 (XBP1), a key regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), is critical for pre‐B ALL cell survival, and high expression of XBP1 confers poor prognosis in ALL patients. However, the mechanism of XBP1 activation has not yet been elucidated in RAS mutated pre‐B ALL. Here, we demonstrate that XBP1 acts as a downstream linchpin of the IL‐7 receptor signalling pathway and that pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of XBP1 selectively abrogates IL‐7 receptor signalling via inhibition of its downstream effectors, JAK1 and STAT5. We show that XBP1 supports malignant cell growth of pre‐B NRASG12D ALL cells and that genetic loss of XBP1 consequently leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our findings reveal that active XBP1 prevents the cytotoxic effects of a dual PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitor (BEZ235) in pre‐B NRASG12D ALL cells. This implies targeting XBP1 in combination with BEZ235 as a promising new targeted strategy against the oncogenic RAS in NRASG12D‐mutated pre‐B ALL.
METTL3‐induced FGD5‐AS1 contributes to the tumorigenesis and PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoint to enhance the resistance to paclitaxel of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Hao Min , Li Tianjie , Xiao Ling , Liu Yun
Published: September 2023

Endometrial cancer (EC), a widely occurring cancer in the uterus, is among the top four most frequent malignancies in women. To improve approaches for combating this disease, it is essential to gain a more comprehensive comprehension of the intricate causes of EC. Accumulating evidence highlight the essential role of long non‐coding RNA (LncRNA) in EC progression, while its biological and mechanical function has not been fully revealed. In this study, a LncRNA microarray analysis was performed using four pairs of paclitaxel (PTX) resistant EC cells, FGD5‐AS1 was identified as a significantly upregulated gene. Biologically, it was found that FGD5‐AS1 enhances chemoresistance of EC cells to PTX treatment and blocking immune escape via PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoint. Furthermore, FGD5‐AS1 exerted an oncogene role in EC cells via promoting cell proliferation and migration. Mechanically, METTL3 could upregulate FGD5‐AS1 expression via N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification. The biological roles of METTL3 were exerted via modulating FGD5‐AS1 expression in EC. Collectively, our research has shed light on the involvement of the METTL3/FGD5‐AS1 axis in the development of PTX resistance in EC. This finding offers a new avenue for further exploration of the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in EC and provides valuable insights for the development of potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of EC.
Lobbying Across Policy Stages: Different Tales of Interest Group Success
Authors: Stevens Frederik
Published: September 2023

This article examines interest groups' lobbying success across the agenda‐setting and policy formulation stages of the European Union's policy process. On the basis of its exclusive right of initiative, the European Commission plays a pivotal role in both stages. I argue that interest groups relying mostly on pressure politics are more likely to achieve agenda‐setting success because the Commission primarily seeks to assess the level of political support when setting its policy priorities. Conversely, organisations focusing predominantly on expertise‐based lobbying are anticipated to be more likely to secure policy success as the Commission mainly requires expert knowledge when designing its policy proposals. An illustrative case study of the Commission's proposal on deforestation‐free products demonstrates the plausibility of the theoretical argument. Overall, this research shows that distinct policy stages provide interest groups with unique opportunities for attaining lobbying success.
Parental efficacy after a military parenting program: A dyadic latent growth model
Authors: Cai Qiyue , Basha Sydni , Gewirtz Abigail H.
Published: September 2023

Parental efficacy is an important aspect of parenting and a key outcome in many parenting programs. However, most studies focus on mothers, and less is known about the relationship between coparents' parental efficacy over time following intervention, and how parental distress can impact parental efficacy. The current study (N = 271 heterosexual couples; 162 intervention and 109 control) used a dyadic latent growth model to explore the dependence structure of parental efficacy between couples 2 years after assignment to a military parenting program, After Deployment, Adaptive Parenting Tools or a control condition. Results revealed a significant intervention effect, with both mothers and fathers in the intervention group exhibiting quadratic changes over 2 years, while the control group remained relatively stable. Notably, mothers' baseline emotional distress and fathers' deployment length emerged as predictors in understanding parental efficacy improvement over time. This research underscores the importance of adopting a family systems perspective and considering emotional distress and environmental stressors in designing targeted interventions to support military families and enhance overall well‐being.
Uncertainty model for automated gunshot residue particle length measurements obtained from electron microscopy images
Authors: de Martins de Souza André Luís , Carreteiro Damasceno Jailton , Prado Charles Bezerra do , Magalhães Gurgel Mônica Aline , Carvalho Silva Renata
Published: September 2023

Currently, the use of algorithms and computer vision systems for metrological purposes has increased in different areas of knowledge to reduce human error and process deviations, consequently increasing reliability and reducing measurement uncertainties. This study presents a model for estimating the uncertainty of Feret's diameter (DF) measurements of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images from regular and irregular gunshot residue (GSR) particles at different magnifications. The data were extracted using the automatic measurement algorithm developed by the Brazilian Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro). The proposed uncertainty model was based on the recommendations of the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). The gold standard technique to identify and detect GSR particles is the SEM coupled to energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), which was used in the study. The low uncertainty values obtained in this study are justified by the refinement of the measurements performed at each stage of digital image procedures. The proposed uncertainty model contributes in an innovative way to the metrological evaluation of regular and irregular GSR particles at different images magnifications. The correct morphometry definition of these particles allows to study their distinction from other possible sources of GSR and, above all, their correlation with the type of ammunition used when firing the firearm. These measurement uncertainty calculations can be applied to any object images acquired by SEM, which provides more confidence in the results of measurements of the object of interest.
Effects of HMGB1/RAGE/cathespin B inhibitors on alleviating hippocampal injury by regulating microglial pyroptosis and caspase activation in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage
Authors: Zhu Kaiyi , Zhu Xing , Yu Jie , Chen Lu , Liu Shiqi , Yan Mingjing , Yang Wei , Sun Yanyan , Zhang Zhe , Li Jian , Shen Tao , Hei Mingyan
Published: September 2023

Microglia play a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in HIBD; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that high‐mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) mediates neuroinflammation and microglial damage in HIBD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between HMGB1 and microglial pyroptosis and elucidate the mechanism involved in rats with HIBD (both sexes were included) and in BV2 microglia subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation. Our results showed that HMGB1 inhibition by glycyrrhizin (20 mg/kg) reduced the expression of microglial pyroptosis‐related proteins, including caspase‐1, the N‐terminus fragment of gasdermin D (N‐GSDMD), and pyroptosis‐related inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL) ‐1β and IL‐18. Moreover, HMGB1 inhibition resulted in reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampus 72 h after HIBD and ultimately improved neurobehavior during adulthood, as evidenced by reduced escape latency and path length, as well as increased time and distance spent in the target quadrant during the Morris water maze test. These results revealed that HIBD‐induced pyroptosis is mediated by HMGB1/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling (inhibition by FPS‐ZM1, 1 mg/kg) and the activation of cathespin B (cat B). Notably, cat B inhibition by CA074‐Me (5 mg/kg) also reduced hippocampal neuronal damage by suppressing microglial pyroptosis, thereby ameliorating learning and memory impairments caused by HIBD. Lastly, we demonstrated that microglial pyroptosis may contribute to neuronal damage through the HMGB1/RAGE/cat B signaling pathway in vitro. In conclusion, these results suggest that HMGB1/RAGE/cat B inhibitors can alleviate hippocampal injury by regulating microglial pyroptosis and caspase activation in HIBD, thereby reducing the release of proinflammatory mediators that destroy hippocampal neurons and induce spatial memory impairments.

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Using the depth deviation based on three‐dimensional images to evaluate the correction of nasolabial folds: A prospective and quantitative analysis
Authors: Ma Yucheng , Yang E. , Lin Wentao
Published: September 2023

Background and Objective

The deepening of the nasolabial fold (NLF) is a common occurrence during the aging process, necessitating the development of an objective method to evaluate changes in NLFs. The objective of our study was to introduce a method of depth deviation based on three‐dimensional (3D) image for evaluating the efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) injection in correcting NLFs.

Methods

Between May 2019 and November 2019, we recruited 56 Chinese volunteers with moderate to severe NLFs for this study. The participants received HA injections and were followed up for a period of 12 months. Pre and posttreatment, we collected the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) scores and 3D images. To assess the efficacy of NLF correction, we used the maximum value of depth deviation (MVD) based on 3D images and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) score. Additionally, we compared the relationship between MVD and other clinical parameters.

Results

Fifty‐four female participants completed the study and were included in the analysis. The HA injection resulted in a significant decrease in NLF severity (p < 0.05). One month after the injection, the average GAIS score was 4.72 ± 0.45, and the average MVD was 2.10 ± 0.56 mm. Both the GAIS score and the average MVD exhibited a decline over time during the follow‐up period, with the average MVD showing a significant correlation with the GAIS score at all time points (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Using 3D technology, we demonstrated that the quantitative data provided by MVD can serve as an objective method for evaluating the correction of NLFs.
The interrelationship between the COVID‐19 pandemic and conflict behavior: A survey
Authors: Chowdhury Subhasish M. , Karmakar Senjuti
Published: September 2023

We review the literature in economics and related fields on the relationship between the COVID‐19 pandemic and conflict behavior. Our survey covers the effects of the pandemic on individual‐level conflict, group‐level conflict, and the impact of existing conflict on the spread of the pandemic. We found an increase in intimate partner violence and a spillover between work‐family conflict and domestic violence. Additionally, there was a spike in anti‐East‐Asian hate crimes. While the group‐level conflict counts initially dropped, those eventually returned to pre‐pandemic levels. The deteriorating economy and food insecurity associated with the pandemic were major drivers of conflict in developing countries, but appropriate state stimulus reduced such conflicts. The existing history of conflict had a heterogeneous effect on the spread of the pandemic in different societies. We conclude by highlighting future research avenues.
The Double‐Edged Sword of Error Sharing in Organizations: From A Self‐Disclosure Perspective
Authors: Zhang Kaili , Zhao Bin , Yin Kui
Published: September 2023

Extant research highlights the importance of error sharing for managing errors in organizations, but little work examines what happens to employees who disclose errors. Treating errors as sensitive information, we draw on the self‐disclosure literature to propose that error sharing can influence leaders’ evaluations of employee ability and integrity, which affect leader trust in the employee; error visibility and severity work as contingency factors in the above links. We conducted two field studies and one experimental study to test our hypotheses. We used data collected in China from manufacturing companies (560 employees from 71 teams in Study 1), a high‐reliability organization (359 employees from 104 teams in Study 2), and an online sample (356 participants in Study 3). Results show that error sharing impairs leader trust via the negative evaluation of the employee's ability but enhances trust via the positive evaluation of the employee's integrity; error visibility and severity moderate the relationships between error sharing and leader evaluation of employee integrity and leader trust such that the positive relationships are enhanced when errors are of lower visibility or higher severity. Our study offers a novel perspective to understand the relational consequences of error sharing at work.
Identifying potential immuno‐oncology targets in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma based on inflammatory status and treatment response
Authors: Urumarudappa Santhosh Kumar J. , Tran Vy Ngoc Thuy , Oo Hay Mar , Suntiparpluacha Monthira , Sampattavanich Somponnat , Rosa Vinicius , Ruangritchankul Komkrit , Ferreira Joao N. , Chaisuparat Risa
Published: September 2023

Background

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare salivary gland malignant tumour. This study aimed to investigate inflammatory and immune signatures of mucoepidermoid carcinoma by identifying potential proteo‐transcriptomic biomarkers towards the development of precision immuno‐oncology treatment strategies.

Methods

A total of 30 biopsies obtained from patients diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma between 2013 and 2022 were analysed after H&E staining for scoring of histological inflammatory stroma subtypes and inflammatory hotspots with QuPath. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining and NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO 360™ panel were used to assess stroma and tumour inflammation signatures in high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases in the tumour microenvironment via proteomics and transcriptomics, respectively.

Results

Inflammatory cells within the histological inflammatory stroma inflammatory (HIS‐INF/hot) tumour neighbourhoods were greater compared to the histological inflammatory stroma‐immune desert (HIS‐ID/cold) (p = 0.001). A similar trend was observed between treatment non‐responders and responders in stroma neighbourhoods (p = 0.0625) and in stroma‐to‐interface inflammatory hotspots (p = 0.0081), indicating an augmented inflammatory response in hot tumours and non‐responders. Furthermore, there were striking differences in the expression of pan‐immune leukocyte marker CD45 between responders and non responders particularly in the tumour neighbourhoods (p = 0.0341), but such were not robust for PD‐1 and macrophage fractions. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis revealed key differences in leukocyte activation profiles between responders and non‐responders.

Conclusion

This preliminary report unveils the importance of assessing immune leukocyte cellular fractions and pathways for future prognostic biomarker discoveries in mucoepidermoid carcinoma as per the involvement of CD45‐driven inflammatory and immune mediators in high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma in non‐responders to treatment. These findings will potentially contribute to the development of novel personalised immunotherapies.
Developing a deep learning model for sleep stage prediction in obstructive sleep apnea cohort using 60 GHz frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Nam Hyunwoo , Kim Dong Hyun , Koo Dae Lim , Choi Jae Won , Hong Seung‐No , Jeon Eun‐Tae , Lim Sungmook , Jang Gwang soo , Kim Baek‐hyun
Published: September 2023

Given the significant impact of sleep on overall health, radar technology offers a promising, non‐invasive, and cost‐effective avenue for the early detection of sleep disorders, even prior to relying on polysomnography (PSG)‐based classification. In this study, we employed an attention‐based bidirectional long short‐term memory (Attention Bi‐LSTM) model to accurately predict sleep stages using 60 GHz frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) radar. Our dataset comprised 78 participants from an ongoing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) cohort, recruited between July 2021 and November 2022, who underwent overnight polysomnography alongside radar sensor monitoring. The dataset encompasses comprehensive polysomnography recordings, spanning both sleep and wakefulness states. The predictions achieved a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.746 and an overall accuracy of 85.2% in classifying wakefulness, rapid‐eye‐movement (REM) sleep, and non‐REM (NREM) sleep (N1 + N2 + N3). The results demonstrated that the models incorporating both Radar 1 and Radar 2 data consistently outperformed those using only Radar 1 data, indicating the potential benefits of utilising multiple radars for sleep stage classification. Although the performance of the models tended to decline with increasing OSA severity, the addition of Radar 2 data notably improved the classification accuracy. These findings demonstrate the potential of radar technology as a valuable screening tool for sleep stage classification.