bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global certified-reference-material- or reference-material-scaled nutrient gridded dataset GND13
Authors: Aoyama Michio
Published: February 2020

Abstract. A global nutrient gridded dataset that might be the basis for
studies of more accurate spatial distributions of nutrients in the global
ocean was created and named GND13. During 30 cruises, reference materials of
nutrients in seawater or their equivalents were used at all stations, and
high-precision measurements were made. The precision of the nutrient
analyses was better than 0.2 %. Data were collected from the hydrographic
cruises in the JASMTEC R/V Mirai cruises, JMA cruise, CARINA, PACIFICA, and WGHC
datasets from which nutrient data were available. Analyses were conducted at
243 crossover stations. Cruises that used certified reference materials or
reference materials (CRMs/RMs) for seawater nutrient concentration
measurements were used as a reference of an unbroken chain of comparison to
determine correction factors which made nutrient concentrations obtained by
other cruises SI traceable. Dissolved oxygen was secondarily quality-controlled using the same methodology as was used to create the nutrient
gridded data product, but, lacking a traceable standard, the resulting
oxygen data product is not SI traceable. Finally, a dataset of nitrate,
phosphate, and silicate concentrations was created at latitude and longitude
intervals of 0.5∘ and on 136 isobaric surfaces to depths of 6500 m as an SI-traceable dataset. This dataset has already been published at:
https://doi.org/10.17596/0000001 (Aoyama, 2017).
Jena Soil Model (JSM v1.0; revision 1934): a microbial soil organic carbon model integrated with nitrogen and phosphorus processes
Authors: Yu Lin , Ahrens Bernhard , Wutzler Thomas , Schrumpf Marion , Zaehle Sönke
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Plant–soil interactions, such as the coupling of plants' below-ground biomass allocation with soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, nutrient release and plant uptake, are essential to understand the response of carbon (C) cycling to global changes. However, these processes are poorly represented in the current terrestrial biosphere models owing to the simple first-order approach of SOM cycling and the ignorance of variations within a soil profile. While the emerging microbially explicit soil organic C models can better describe C formation and turnover, at present, they lack a full coupling to the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles with the soil profile. Here we present a new SOM model – the Jena Soil Model (JSM) – which is microbially explicit, vertically resolved and integrated with the N and P cycles. To account for the effects of nutrient availability and litter quality on decomposition, JSM includes the representation of enzyme allocation to different depolymerisation sources based on the microbial adaptation approach as well as of nutrient acquisition competition based on the equilibrium chemistry approximation approach. Herein, we present the model structure and basic features of model performance in a beech forest in Germany. The model reproduced the main SOM stocks and microbial biomass as well as their vertical patterns in the soil profile. We further tested the sensitivity of the model to parameterisation and showed that JSM is generally sensitive to changes in microbial stoichiometry and processes.
High-accuracy coastal flood mapping for Norway using lidar data
Authors: Breili Kristian , Simpson Matthew James Ross , Klokkervold Erlend , Roaldsdotter Ravndal Oda
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Using new high-accuracy light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data we generate coastal flooding maps for Norway. Thus far, we have mapped ∼80 % of the coast, for which we currently have data of sufficient accuracy to perform our analysis. Although Norway is generally at low risk from sea level rise largely owing to its steep topography and land uplift due to glacial isostatic adjustment, the maps presented here show that, on local scales, many parts of the coast are potentially vulnerable to flooding. There is a considerable amount of infrastructure at risk along the relatively long and complicated coastline. Nationwide we identify a total area of 400 km2, 105 000 buildings, and 510 km of roads that are at risk of flooding from a 200-year storm surge event at present. These numbers will increase to 610 km2, 137 000, and 1340 km with projected sea level rise to 2090 (95th percentile of RCP8.5 as recommended in planning). We find that some of our results are likely biased high owing to erroneous mapping (at least for lower water levels close to the tidal datum which delineates the coastline). A comparison of control points from different terrain types indicates that the elevation model has a root-mean-square error of 0.26 m and is the largest source of uncertainty in our mapping method. The coastal flooding maps and associated statistics are freely available, and alongside the development of coastal climate services, will help communicate the risks of sea level rise and storm surge to stakeholders. This will in turn aid coastal management and climate adaptation work in Norway.
Modelling dependence and coincidence of storm surges and high tide: Methodology and simplified case study in Le Havre (France)
Authors: Ben Daoued Amine , Hamdi Yasser , Mouhous-Voyneau Nassima , Sergent Philippe
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Coastal facilities such as nuclear power plants (NPPs) have to be designed to withstand extreme weather conditions and must, in particular, be protected against coastal floods because it is the most important source of coastal lowlands inundations. Indeed, considering the combination of tide and extreme storm surges (SSs) is a key issue in the evaluation of the risk associated to coastal flooding hazard. Tide and extreme SSs are considered as independent. While there are several approaches to analyze and characterize coastal flooding hazard with either extreme SSs or sea levels, only few studies propose and compare several approaches combining the tide density with the SS variable. Thus this study aims to develop a method for modelling dependence and coincidence of SSs and high tide. In this work, we have used existing methods for tide and SS combination and tried to improve the results by proposing a new alternative approach while showing the limitations and advantages of each method. The city of Le Havre in France was used as a case study. Overall, the example has shown that the return levels estimates using different combinations are quite different. It has also been suggested that the questions of coincidence and dependency are essential for a combined tide and SS hazard analysis.
Methodological Considerations in Cover-Collapse Sinkhole Analyses: A Case Study of Southeastern China’s Guangzhou City
Authors: Jia Long , Meng Yan , Li Lujuan , Yin Renchao
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Cover-collapse sinkholes can present significant hazards to human habitation and communal facilities in soil-covered karst regions. Therefore, for human security and land-use planning in sinkhole-prone areas, appropriate approaches are required prior to construction in order to understand the cover-collapse sinkhole genesis and its likely evolution. The study seeks to contribute to performing an integrated analysis of karst hazards in mantle karst regions where karst evidence can be masked, with the ultimate goal of developing a methodological framework utilizing different techniques and approaches. A small area located in Guangzhou City of southeastern China’s Guangdong Province was analyzed. The detailed typology, morphometry, and chronology inventory of 49 cover-collapse sinkholes in the study area were analyzed using various surface investigation methods, such as field surveys, aerial photography, and photogrammetry. The Quaternary deposits and indicators of the active underground karst features in the aforementioned mantle karst region were geotechnically characterized using drilling and geophysical techniques. These techniques included ground penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), natural source audio frequency magnetotellurics (NSAMT), and micro-tremors. During this study’s investigations, three karst fissure zones covered by Quaternary soil were observed using multiple techniques. In addition, it was found that the groundwater dynamic monitoring data confirmed that the sinkholes in the study area were closely related to changes in groundwater levels. Therefore, the efforts which have been made to investigate and monitor the sinkhole development will be required to continue into the immediate future.
An approach to the verification of high-resolution ocean models using spatial methods
Authors: Crocker Ric , Maksymczuk Jan , Mittermaier Marion , Tonani Marina , Pequignet Christine
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Met Office currently runs two operational ocean forecasting configurations for the North West European Shelf, an eddy-permitting model with a resolution of 7 km (AMM7), and an eddy-resolving model at 1.5 km (AMM15). Whilst qualitative assessments have demonstrated the benefits brought by the increased resolution of AMM15, particularly in the ability to resolve fine-scale features, it has been difficult to show this quantitatively, especially in forecast mode. Application of typical assessment metrics such as the root mean square error have been inconclusive, as the high-resolution model tends to be penalised more severely (double-penalty effect). An assessment of SST has been made at in-situ observation locations using a single-observation-neighbourhood-forecast (SO-NF) spatial method known as the High-Resolution Assessment (HiRA) framework, which utilises ensemble and probabilistic forecast verification metrics such as the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS). It is found that through the application of HiRA it is possible to identify improvements in the higher resolution model which were not apparent using typical grid scale assessments. This work suggests that future comparative assessments of ocean models with different resolutions would benefit from using HiRA as part of the evaluation process, as it gives a more equitable and appropriate reflection of model performance at higher resolutions.
WESgraph: a graph database for the wind farm domain
Authors: Quaeghebeur Erik , Sanchez Perez-Moreno Sebastian , Zaaijer Michiel B.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The construction and management of a wind farm involve many disciplines.
It is hard for a single designer or developer to keep an overview of all the relevant concepts, models, and tools. Nevertheless, this is needed when performing integrated modeling or analysis. To help researchers keep this overview, we have created WESgraph (the Wind Energy System graph), a knowledge base for the wind farm domain, implemented as a graph database.
It currently contains 1222 concepts and 1725 relations between them.
This paper presents the structure of this graph database – content stored in nodes and the relationships between them – as a foundational ontology, which classifies the domain's concepts. This foundational ontology partitions the domain in two: a part describing physical aspects and a part describing mathematical and computational aspects. This paper also discusses a number of generally difficult cases that exist when adding content to such a knowledge base. This paper furthermore discusses the potential applications of WESgraph and illustrates its use for computation pathway discovery – the application that triggered its creation. It also contains a description of our practical experience with its design and use as well as our thoughts about the community use and management of this tool.
'Miss Cuplé' (Pedro Lazaga, 1959): una parodia de 'El último cuplé', los roles de género y la modernización del franquismo
Authors: Velasco Molpeceres Ana María
Published: February 2020

Este trabajo estudia la película Miss Cuplé (Pedro Lazaga, 1959). El objetivo es investigar el origen de esta parodia de El último cuplé (Juan de Orduña, 1957) y la crítica social expuesta en su argumento; concretamente la referida a la situación de la mujer en la España de Franco y también a la modernización del segundo franquismo. Para ello hemos utilizado el método del Análisis Textual.
Comparison of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Techniques in the Elbow of Sports Players
Authors: Moon Jun-Gyu , Lee Hee-Dong
Published: February 2020

Ulnar collateral ligament injuries have been increasingly common in overhead throwing athletes. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction is the current gold standard for managing ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency, and numerous reconstruction techniques have been described. Although good clinical outcomes have been reported regarding return to sports, there are still several technical issues including exposure, graft selection and fixation, and ulnar nerve management. This review article summarizes a variety of surgical techniques of ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions and compares clinical outcomes and biomechanics.
Export Potential of Recycled Plastic: A Study on Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mehnaz , Shams Aditi
Published: February 2020

In the age of sustainable business practice, the usage of plastic is a matter of great concern. Bangladesh, being a developing country, has a huge amount of plastic waste. However, there is a dearth of empirical research that investigates the potential of recycled plastic industry development in Bangladesh. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the external and internal factors affecting the recycled plastic industry of Bangladesh and to provide recommendations to develop the recycled plastic industry as a potential source of export. To this end, an exploratory study was conducted, and ten officials from Bangladesh based small-and-medium enterprises were interviewed. The results reveal that Bangladesh has huge potential for the recycled plastic industry operation. However, the industry lacks government and institutional support. If public and private sectors can come forward to promote the recycling sector, then this industry has the potential to be one of the most profitable industries in Bangladesh. Based on the expectations of the interviewees, some policy recommendations are suggested to develop the recycled plastic industry. Recommendations have highlighted effective and efficient waste management systems, proper planning, efficient technology usage, infrastructural development, the developed value chain for the collection of plastic wastes, among others. Most importantly, coordinated efforts of government, consumers, recycling industries, and plastic product manufacturers can contribute to the establishment of the plastic recycling sector as a major productive industry in Bangladesh.
Excuses gemaakt, zand erover?
Authors: Bosma Alice
Published: February 2020

Apologies offered, end of discussion? – The perception of emotional victims and the expected effects of apologies

Whereas the starting point of victimisation is clearly marked by a co-occurence of harm and wrong, the end of victimhood is not as straightforward. What is more, because victimisation is a social construct, the label of ‘victim’ is established in social interaction, meaning that third party observers have a role in the understanding of the (limits of) victimisation. In this article, I suggest that third party observers may understand attempts at restorative justice, more specifically, an apology, as an indicator of recovery of the victim. If this is true, they may expect the victim to decrease emotional display that signals victimisation after receiving an apology. If the victim continues to display similar signals of victimisation, this may result in negative victim-oriented responses. In an exploratory repeated measures vignette study, I show that third party observers evaluate the victim less positively after the victim received an apology than before they received this apology. The results imply that in understanding the (limits of) victimhood, we should consider the dynamics between victim and offender but also a broader circle of third-party observers. This is also important for restorative justice.
Domestic Violence against Women in Bangladesh: A Review of the Literature and the Gaps to fill-in by Future Interventions
Authors: Khan Anisur Rahman
Published: February 2020

Although Bangladesh maintains inadequate records of the various forms of violence
against women, it is clear that domestic violence against women is the most insidious
problem for women in Bangladesh. For many Bangladeshi women, home is a place of
pain and humiliation and violence is an integral part of everyday life. Domestic violence
against women, perpetrated by their husbands, is a multi-faceted problem in
Bangladesh. The efforts of the scholars to empirically investigate the problem are
inadequate and a lot of issues are yet to be explored. This review is an attempt to present
the findings of the major empirical research that has so far been conducted in
Bangladesh. It broadly categorises the prior research into three major areas, which
include: i) forms, practices and factors of domestic violence; ii) consequences of
domestic violence; and iii) help-seeking and coping strategies. In addition, the review
explores some of the major gaps in the existing literature. It is hoped that future research
will address the gaps and make a significant contribution in expanding the research on
domestic violence in Bangladesh.
The Effect of Portfolio Assessment on General English Learners’ Locus of Control and Achievement
Authors: Shirvan Majid Elahi , Golparvar Seyyed Ehsan
Published: February 2020

Portfolio assessment as an alternative to assessing L2 competence is an interesting
endeavour in Applied Linguistics. Previous research has shown that portfolio assessment impacts learning as well as certain psychological constructs. One important factor which is related to success in learning a language is Locus of Control (LOC) introduced by Rotter (1954). Previous research has shown that EFL learners’ achievement is partially related to their LOC. However, the effect of types of assessment on General English (GE) students’ LOC has scarcely been examined within General English context. This study aimed to find out the effects of portfolio assessment on the locus of control and the General English achievement of Iranian students. The researchers also analyzed the opinions of such students on portfolio assessment. To do so, 80 students of GE were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental one. The experimental group’s LOC and GE achievement were assessed through portfolios but those of the control group were assessed traditionally. Moreover, the attitudes of the experimental group students towards portfolios were explored. The
independent T-test, Man-Witney U test, and Chi- square along with a semi-structured interview with 10 students of each group were conducted. The findings showed that
portfolio assessment significantly improved GE students’ LOC and affected their
achievement; however, the findings did not reveal the same results for the students in the traditional group. The results of the interviews also corroborated the quantitative ones. Furthermore, the analysis of students' attitudes towards portfolio assessment showed that the experimental group students had positive attitudes towards this kind of assessment. The findings of the study are discussed within a GE context.
Food and the Association of Perceptions
Authors: Wertz S. K. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

It has long been claimed and supposedly substantiated that there exists an association of ideas, but not of perceptions (that is, sensations or impressions). Collingwood echoed this claim from Hume, but Hume later in the Treatise produced an association of impressions (actually emotions and passions), so he came close to Hobbes’s position: human physiology has “trains of sense” and these are carried on in human thought—what we call “ideas” (he called “decaying sense”). A strong case can be made for this claim when we examine the phenomenon of food. Concerning food, I explore Chinese cuisine and more recently Kunz and Kaminsky’s The Elements of Taste for examples that provide substantiation of the association of perceptions. This proves to be a rewarding way to look at the phenomenon of food and leads us to re-examine traditional theories of perception.
New horizons for treating castration resistant prostate cancer: Bipolar Androgen Therapy
Authors: Isaacsson Velho Pedro Henrique , Marchetti Katia Regina , Souza Gabriel Passos
Published: February 2020

The treatment of metastatic prostate cancer has evolved over the decades focusing on manipulation of the androgen receptor pathway with or without chemotherapy. Despite new drugs discovered with incrementing survival benefits, the disease continues to be fatal after development of castration resistance and progression on abiraterone and enzalutamide. In this context, attempts of androgen pathway manipulation have led to the development of the Bipolar Androgen Therapy (BAT), which consists of a rapid transition from a castration state to supraphysiologic levels of testosterone and then back to castration levels. Pilot studies have shown this strategy to be safe and supported the development of further clinical trials. Phase II trials have demonstrated PSA response and disease control in a significant number of patients, including a possible resensitizing effect to enzalutamide. This promising strategy may in the future become another available option for these patients.
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with 225Ac-PSMA-617. Case report
Authors: Medeiros Rodrigo Bovolin de , Grigolon Marcus Vinicius , Araújo Tatianny Paula , Srougi Miguel
Published: February 2020

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an extremely severe disease that relentlessly evolves to death. Over the past few years, we have seen significant improvements in the different types of treatments available, which have positively impacted several clinical outcomes, including higher survival rates and better quality of life. Since Radium-223 approval by FDA in 2013, nuclear medicine has been incorporated to the therapeutic arsenal. Progress in this field have motivated a pursuit for new targeted therapies using radioactive isotopes. Recent reports addressing the first cases treated with this technique are impressive due to the high response rates obtained in refractory patients. Here we report the case of a patient with mCRPC who had been previously treated with several lines of anti-androgen therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, recently treated with PSMA labeled with the alpha-emitting radioisotope Actinium-225 (225 Ac).
USE OF DENOSUMAB IN GIANT-CELL TUMOR AT A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL: REPORT OF 13 CASES
Authors: Baptista Tamise da Silva , Lima Lucilda Cerqueira , Lino Aline Rocha , Ganev Gerson Gandhi , Kechele Paulo , Oliveira Rita Ferrúa Farias de
Published: February 2020

Giant-cell tumor is a relatively rare neoplasia, benign but locally aggressive, that causes significant bone destruction with predilection for epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of long bones and the spine. Definitive treatment is surgical, with complete tumoral resection followed by autograft, homograft, arthrodesis, unconventional endoprostheses or methylmethacrylate. In most cases, surgery is accompanied by high morbidity and variable recurrence rates, depending on the site, size and type of surgical intervention.Denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor, acts by decreasing tumoral osteoclastic activity and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of GCT when surgery is not possible or when it is associated with high morbidity. This report of cases is based on the review of medical records from the Ambulatory Service for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA), aiming to show the experience of the Service with the use of denosumab for neoadjuvant purposes.
How is advanced melanoma treated in the Public Health System in Brazil: a call for change.
Authors: Kaliks Rafael Aliosha , Santos Andre Marques , Matos Tiago Farina , Holtz Luciana
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Treatment of advanced melanoma has been revolutionized in the last decade. The adoption of new treatments is necessary in order to offer significantly longer survival. Objective: To evaluate how patients are being treated for advanced melanoma at the Public Health System in Brazil. Methods: We evaluated the Authorization of Ambulatory Care Procedure (APAC) related to all patients treated for advanced melanoma between January 2015 and December 2017. We grouped treatments according to their reported efficacy as being inadequate, minimally effective, moderately effective or effective treatments. We evaluated treatments given according to the efficacy, variety of treatments in first line and duration of overall treatment. Results: We analyzed 10,843 APACs, related to the treatment of 4,338 patients. Patients were 57% male, 43% female, 72% were older than 50 years of age. The median number of APACs filled per patient was 2 (ranging from 1 to 15). The mean of different types of treatment prescribed to individual patients was 1.22 (1 - 5). We identified 19 different treatment protocols used as first line, of which 11 consisted of single drug and 8 of drug combinations. Over the two-year period, 3,097 (88%) and 281 (8%) patients initiated treatment with a minimally effective or moderately effective regimen, respectively. Only 0.4% of patients initiated their treatment with an effective therapy. The average length on any treatment was six months. Conclusion: More than 98% of patients treated between 2015 and 2017 for advanced melanoma at the Public Health System in Brazil received minimally effective treatments.
Selective exposure and the authoritarian dynamic: Evidence from Canada and the United States
Authors: Hinckley Robert A. , Harell Allison
Published: February 2020

This study explores to what extent selective exposure to political messages can produce political (in)tolerance among authoritarians and non-authoritarians. Drawing on a selection-exposure experiment embedded within an online survey conducted in the United States (N = 1978) and Canada (N = 1673), we explore how authoritarians and non-authoritarians react to framing around civil liberties controversies. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a message about a controversial group. In the forced-choice condition, participants were randomly assigned a political or non-political message. In a second condition, participants were given a choice of which message to read more about. The results show that authoritarians who are politically knowledgeable generally avoid messages that promote free speech by consuming non-political information. While messages about the dangers of free speech have the potential to produce more intolerance among authoritarians, we found that this effect was limited to those who are the least likely to consume them when given a choice. By contrast, we found that messages about the risk posed by free speech produced intolerance among non-authoritarians for whom threat-related cognitions were already chronically accessible. The effects of pro-civil liberties messages were limited to unthreatened non-authoritarians. Hence, we conclude that in the contemporary information environment selective exposure can increase polarization around a civil liberties controversy by producing attitude change but this occurs mainly among non-authoritarians.
Work alienation and its gravediggers: Social class, class consciousness, and activism
Authors: Sawyer Jeremy E. , Gampa Anup
Published: February 2020

Work activity is central to human psychology. However, working conditions under capitalist socioeconomic relations have been posited as psychologically alienating. Given the negative impact of work alienation on well-being and mental health, we conducted two studies of the relations between social class, work conditions, and alienation. We also examined factors that might counteract alienation – class consciousness and activism. The utility of a Marxist measure of social class – based on objective work relations – was compared with that of SES and subjective class measures. Study 1 surveyed 240 U.S. adults from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk; Study 2 was a replication with 717 adults recruited via a sampling company. Across studies, alienation was predicted by perceived work exploitation, poor work relationships, and lack of self-expression, meaningfulness, self-actualization, autonomy, and intrinsic motivation at work. Only the Marxist class measure – not SES or subjective class measures – predicted alienation and alienating work conditions across studies. Working-class participants experienced more alienating work conditions and greater alienation. Alienation was correlated with class consciousness, and class consciousness was associated with activism. While SES measures have dominated the psychological study of social class, results suggest benefits to integrating Marxist measures and conceptions of social class.
A brighter future: The effect of social class on responses to future debt
Authors: Schmitt Harrison J. , Keefer Lucas A. , Sullivan Daniel , Stewart Sheridan , Young Isaac F.
Published: February 2020

The present study serves as an exploratory investigation of the role of social class in responses to the threat of future debt. Previous work has shown that individuals of high and low subjective social class differ in the ways that they respond to a broad range of threats and uncertainties about the future. Across three studies, we found that lower social class individuals expect more future debt and suffer greater attendant stress than higher class individuals (Study 1). We found that experimental manipulations of debt salience increased stress for lower class and not for higher class individuals (Studies 2-3). Likewise, we found that higher class individuals experienced higher affect balance and perceptions of personal control when the possibility of future debt was made salient, specifically as a function of decreased fatalism about future debt (Study 3). These three studies reveal yet another situation in which individuals of lower and higher social class respond differently to threat, and serve as an important step toward understanding the psychological ramifications of rising debt in the United States.
Painting all foreigners with one brush? How the salience of muslims and refugees shapes judgements
Authors: Wallrich Lukas , West Keon , Rutland Adam
Published: February 2020

Attitudes towards foreigners are widely researched, most frequently in survey studies. However, in that context it is often unclear which attitude object respondents have in mind, and thus what their answers refer to. This paper uses a representative sample of 3,195 Germans who reported which groups they think of when thinking about foreigners living in Germany. We found that Germans disproportionately think of groups who are Muslim, and that such salience is associated with more negative attitudes towards “foreigners.” This holds true when controlling for attitudes towards Muslims; in fact, thinking of Muslim groups when thinking about foreigners moderates the relationship between anti-Muslim and anti-foreigner attitudes. The relationships were weaker when respondents think of Turks, a large and long-standing minority in Germany, suggesting an attenuation of the links through familiarity or intergroup contacts. No relationship was found between thinking of refugees and attitudes towards foreigners. Implications for research are discussed, particularly regarding the interpretation of self-reported attitudes towards foreigners and the study of populist strategies.
CONTROL OF AIRBORNE SOUND INSULATION BETWEEN INTERIOR PARTITIONS OF THE FINISHED CONSTRUCTION ACCORDING TO THE STANDARD CTE-DB-HR
Authors: GONZALEZ PEREZ JOSE ANGEL , BLANCO ROLDAN GREGORIO , ENTRENAS ANGULO JOSE ANTONIO , SOLA GUIRADO RAFAEL RUBEN
Published: February 2020

Updates on the Basic Document of Protection Against Noise (Dcc-DB-HR) (CTE, 8th April, 2016) in the section "Control of the finished construction" substituted the standard UNE EN ISO 140-4 by UNE EN ISO 16283-1, although after that, it was rectified to the use of the derogated standard. The present work focuses on the comparison between both standards and describes the main technical changes that will affect to both technicians and administration staff. 16 experimental measurement series were undertaken in public buildings with different purpose (sanitary, educational, cultural and administrative). Results obtained from the 'in situ' measurements comparing both standards showed no significant differences between the insulation values according the application of each standard.
AUTOMATIC IMAGE PROCESSING APPLIED TO CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM CELL COUNT AND SHAPE CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: VELAZQUEZ BLAZQUEZ JOSE SEBASTIAN , CAVAS MARTINEZ FRANCISCO , CAMPUZANO BRANDO VICTOR ANDRES , ALIO  DEL BARRIO JORGE , FERNANDEZ CAÑAVATE FRANCISCO JOSE , ALIO JORGE LUCIANO
Published: February 2020

Corneal endothelium cell count, as well as cell hexagonality percent characterization, are of great importance nowadays to detect anomalies and pathologies of human eye, such as glaucoma. Prevalent technologies used are mainly based in both microscopy and a later image analysis. However, automatic cell count made by microscopes’ built-in software is rather inconsistent, therefore many laboratories opt for using manual count as the most reliable alternative. This count is a tedious and time-consuming task, that can lead to human error, for this reason, several proposals to automate the process have been made. Present communication shows a procedure for the automatic pre-processing, segmentation and analysis of the images obtained by a confocal microscope, using watershed transform, and the graphics user interface (GUI) created with Matlab® to apply this procedure. In order to quantify the procedure’s quality, 30 corneal endothelium images with a number of cells between 90 and 170 were analysed, resulting in a mean error in cell count of 4.3%, which can be considered a reasonably good result. However, results achieved for hexagonality percent using this method, and with the available image quality, are not as good as expected, which invites to improving image quality, focusing in areas with better cell homogeneity or even considering the application of other algorithms, such as neural networks, for future works.
ONLINE MARKETPLACE FOR SUPPLIERS AND MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT
Authors: USATORRE LUIS , NIÑO MIKEL , TAMES  ORTEGA PATRICIA , GORROCHATEGUI ANA
Published: February 2020

Industry digitization has changed the way we manage production processes or buy raw materials and even the way we communicate internally and externally with customers and suppliers. However, digitization has not yet successfully penetrated other phases of communication, such as connecting need and supply through digital platforms.
STUDY ABOUT MASTERS IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AT SPANISH UNIVERSITIES
Authors: FERNANDEZ  RICO JOSE ESTEBAN , GUIJARRO MERELLES FERNANDO , ÁLVAREZ SUÁREZ ALBERTO
Published: February 2020

This article describes the study of the Master's degrees in Industrial Engineering of the Spanish university system carried out at the initiative of the General Council of Industrial Engineers Colleges of Spain, with the collaboration of the Conference of Directors of the academic centers. The objective of the study is to increase the convergence of curricula for the proper performance of the regulated profession of Industrial Engineer. For this purpose, the results of a survey, designed for this purpose, have been used. This survey allows a diagnosis of the strengths and aspects of improvement of the masters.
The General Council of Colleges of Industrial Engineers of Spain is a corporation that brings together the 21 current Colleges, whose fundamental mission is to order the exercise of the profession [1].
The Conference of Directors of the Schools that teach the Master in Industrial Engineering is constituted by the Directors of the same, intends to promote the links, strategies and actions of common interest that result in the competitiveness and quality of the masters, their adaptation to changes regulatory, etc.
The main conclusions show outstanding strengths in some centers with aspects related to the quality of the master's degree, collaboration with entities and business fabric, and internationalization. On the other hand, other centers must improve in the areas of HR, support for the curriculum, indicators of rates and satisfaction (See Annex II), and in relation to the environment (collaborating entities, student practices and mobility).

Keywords: master's degrees, industrial engineer training, professional skills.
A Colonial Factory of Property Rights: Contribution to an Archeology of Naturalism
Authors: Bertrand Aliènor
Published: February 2020

This article presents a new genealogy of modern property rights that cannot be overridden either by the narrative that links the exclusive right of use to the progression of individual freedoms, or by the narrative that makes it a European construction formalizing the capitalist appropriation of the means of production, particularly during the movement of enclosures. It explores the history of the first colonization and the extraordinary effort of legal elaboration that accompanied it. The Iberian conquest was a time of a break in the medieval rights regime. In Spanish America, for the first time, the law no longer had the function of regulating uses, powers and exchanges in a system of entangled obligations and prerogatives linked to the land: in forms borrowed from medieval law, it instituted a radically new social order linked to the extreme violence of the first decades of the conquest. The history of this institution testifies to the strong tensions between the extortion practices imposed on conquered territories and peoples and the ancient representation of the destination of the right, particularly the right of persons linked to the status of subject of the Spanish Crown. Among the medieval legal forms that found a new destination, the encomienda was one of the first and one of the most important. But if it can legitimately be considered as one of the roots of modern property law, it is not as an archaic prototype of exclusive ownership, since it is not itself a land right. It was above all a right of command over the colonized persons, or, more precisely, a double right: a right of powerful destruction of existing uses legitimized by Christianization, and a right of coercion to productive work. Encomienda thus dislodges in its principle the medieval legal entanglement interweaving the status of people and land, and institutes the social relations that conditioned the emergence of the capitalist principle of ownership of the means of production as exclusive property.
Déconstruire et repenser les fondements du droit international de l’environnement
Authors: Mayrand Hélène
Published: February 2020

Cet article propose une analyse historique critique du développement du droit international de l’environnement. Il vise à présenter les idéologies qui sont au coeur du projet du droit international de façon plus générale et du droit international de l’environnement en particulier qui font en sorte que ce droit offre peu de solutions pour protéger l’environnement. L’analyse est effectuée en quatre temps. D’abord, l’article se concentre sur la conception influencée par le libéralisme classique de la nature dans le droit international général, en particulier quant au traitement des pêcheries avant que le droit international de l’environnement en tant que discipline distincte émerge dans les années 1970. Ensuite, l’article se tourne vers la naissance de certaines préoccupations environnementales dans le droit international après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, alors que le droit s’intéresse notamment à la pollution des mers. Durant cette deuxième période, le droit international prend une tangente providentialiste pour s’intéresser aux problèmes environnementaux, mais sans changement notable sur la conception libérale classique de la nature au sein du droit international. Puis, vient le droit international de l’environnement en tant que domaine distinct du droit international dans les années 1970 et 1990. Ce nouveau domaine de droit qui se développe alors s’inscrit en continuité avec les principes libéraux du droit international général, mais il est également influencé par le néolibéralisme en plein essor durant cette période. Finalement et face aux échecs du droit international de l’environnement à résoudre les problèmes pour lesquels il est adopté, l’article présente la Green Legal Theory, une approche critique du droit qui donne certaines pistes pour mener à une révolution du droit de l’environnement.
La prise en compte de l’outre-mer du Traité CEE de Rome à nos jours
Authors: Vestris Isabelle
Published: February 2020

Si le Traité instituant la CECA et le Traité instituant la CEEA ont utilisé le critère géographique pour exclure ou inclure certains territoires des États de leur champ d’application, le Traité CEE de Rome ne se base pas sur ce critère géographique, et prévoit des dispositions particulières, relativement originales s’agissant de son application à certains territoires ultramarins des États membres. Cette prise en compte initiale de l’outre-mer dans le Traité CEE se traduit par une application différenciée du Traité aux départements français d’outre-mer (DOM) et à l’Algérie, ainsi que par un régime spécial d’association octroyé à d’autres territoires ultramarins belge, français, italien et néerlandais, qualifiés de pays et territoires d’outre-mer (PTOM). Suite à l’accession à l’indépendance de certains de ces PTOM, la CEE a développé une nouvelle forme d’association, négociée et non plus octroyée, avec les États nouvellement indépendants. Ces États appartiennent actuellement au groupe des États ACP (Afrique-Caraïbe-Pacifique), avec lesquels l’Union a établi des relations conventionnelles. Les dispositions initiales du Traité CEE de Rome relatives à l’outre-mer ont, en outre, progressivement évolué lors de révisions successives de ce Traité. A cet égard, si le statut de PTOM a connu quelques modifications, celui des DOM, profondément transformé, a abouti à la reconnaissance du statut de région ultrapériphérique (RUP), statut spécifique d’intégration différenciée inscrit dans le droit primaire. Ces évolutions des statuts de l’outre-mer vis-à-vis de l’UE témoignent d’une prise en compte renouvelée de l’outre-mer, également perceptible à travers l’introduction dans le droit primaire d’une procédure spécifique et simplifiée de révision des Traités facilitant le changement de statuts de certains territoires ultramarins. Ces dispositions suscitent des réflexions envisageant des statuts sur mesure pour certains territoires ultramarins, tel Saint-Martin. Ces perspectives d’évolutions statutaires conduiraient à dépasser les actuelles catégories statutaires de l’outre-mer vis-à-vis de l’Union.
Film Editing, Digital Montage, and the “Ontology” of Cinema
Authors: Furstenau Marc
Published: February 2020

This article offers an account of the advent of digital editing, or digital montage. While reference is often made in film theory to the “ontological” effects of technological change, the term itself is rarely defined in explicit fashion. Following the philosopher Gregory Currie, the author argues that an ontological analysis cannot begin from an accounting of any putatively necessary or definitive physical aspect of the cinema as a medium. Indeed, the author argues, following Noël Carroll, that the cinema is not a “medium,” but rather an art form that employs a wide range of media. In the transition from film editing to digital montage, the means for the creation of multimedia, audiovisual cinematic compositions have been consolidated in so far as most media are now rendered in digital form, allowing for more comprehensive and fine-grained manipulations and modifications. On the basis of a more adequate account of the ontology of the cinema, this can be seen as continuous with the history of film art.
(Re)monter le cinéma sur le web
Authors: Bonnard Martin
Published: February 2020

Uneidée de montageénoncée et expérimentée à la fin des années soixante par Sylvie Pierre, Jean Narboni et Jacques Rivette permet d’éclairer sous un nouveau jour les assemblages du numérique, et en particulier ceux entourant les films des catalogues de vidéo par abonnement. Cetteidéevise l’étude du montage des films sur deux niveaux : celui de la juxtaposition des plans et celui de la combinaison exploratoire des films entre eux. Inspiré par cette perspective, à la fois ouverte sur le contexte de circulation des films et sur les principes guidant le montage de chacun d’eux, cet article se penche sur trois mutations de la diffusion du cinéma en ligne : la fragmentation des oeuvres, le rôle de la machine et des algorithmes de recommandation, ainsi que la capacité d’interroger, par le montage, les nouveaux assemblages d’images en réseau.
🗨️, 📖, ⚖️ : que pensent les tribunaux des émojis, émoticônes et autres pictogrammes?*
Authors: Bich-Carrière Laurence
Published: February 2020

Comment le droit traite-t-il les émojis, les émoticônes et autres pictogrammes numériques destinés à clarifier ou nuancer un texte écrit, dénué de ces aides à la communication que sont le ton, les expressions faciales ou la gestuelle? À travers une étude empirique de la jurisprudence canadienne, mais puisant aussi à la linguistique, la sémiologie, la théorie de la communication ou les études culturelles, le présent article vise à mettre en lumière certains biais de conception (notamment sur le plan des normes informatiques internationales) et de perception liés aux émojis et à analyser leur incidence sur le droit, particulièrement le droit judiciaire, le droit de la preuve et la méthodologie de la recherche juridique.
Native bees of high Andes of Central Chile (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): biodiversity, phenology and the description of a new species ofXeromelissaCockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)
Authors: Henríquez-Piskulich Patricia , Villagra Cristian A. , Vera Alejandro
Published: February 2020

High-altitude ecosystems are found in mountain chains and plateaus worldwide. These areas tend to be underrepresented in insect biodiversity assessments because of the challenges related to systematic survey at these elevations, such as extreme climatic and geographic conditions. Nonetheless, high-altitude ecosystems are of paramount importance because they have been seen to be species pumps for other geographic areas, such as adjacent locations, functioning as buffers for population declines. Moreover, these ecosystems and their biodiversity have been proposed to be fast-responding indicators of the impacts caused by global climate change. Bees have been highlighted among the insect groups that have been affected by these problems. This work used bees as a proxy to demonstrate and reinforce the importance of systematic surveys of high-altitude ecosystems. Here, field collections were undertaken and an updated review was conducted for the native bee biodiversity of the high-altitude ecosystem found at the Andes system of central Chile, including the phenological trends of these insects during the flowering season. Of the 58 species that have been described for this location, we were able to confirm the occurrence of 46 of these species as a result of our sampling. In addition, thanks to these recent collections, a new species ofXeromelissaCockerell is described in the present work. These findings highlight the need for further high-altitude insect surveys of this biome, which include both temporal and spatial complexity in their design, to allow for accurate assessment of bee species diversity and compositional changes in these mountain regions.