bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple and Steady Interactions Win the Healthy Mentality
Authors: Ryu Hyeyoung , Kim Soyeon , Kim Dain , Han Sooan , Lee Keeheon , Kang Younah
Published: October 2020

Although suicide among older adults is increasing in severity in the aging among South Koreans, older adult depression and anxiety, which are two crucial factors affecting suicide in this population, are not adequately addressed by the status quo. Existing products and services emphasize physical needs; however, they still lack a user-oriented approach. Moreover, offers for mental health care are costly and exclude potential users from the development process, thus inhibiting older adults from having better access to such services. To address this problem, we designed and developed a mental health care chatbot, Yeonheebot, to decrease anxiety and depression among older adults. Yeonheebot initiates conversations regarding daily care for the well-being of older adults and provides features related to their interests as initiatives for using the mental health care chatbot. To examine whether a short-term, yet repeating conversation with the agent could help reduce anxiety and depression among older adults, we conducted a 2-week field study with 25 users. The results indicate that the constant use of Yeonheebot decreased the levels of anxiety and depression by 36% and 18%, respectively. Our research implies that simple and repeated interactions could help Korean older adults cope with anxiety and depression.
Origins of Algorithmic Instabilities in Crowdsourced Ranking
Authors: Burghardt Keith , Hogg Tad , D'Souza Raissa , Lerman Kristina , Posfai Marton
Published: October 2020

Crowdsourcing systems aggregate decisions of many people to help users quickly identify high-quality options, such as the best answers to questions or interesting news stories. A long-standing issue in crowdsourcing is how option quality and human judgement heuristics interact to affect collective outcomes, such as the perceived popularity of options. We address this limitation by conducting a controlled experiment where subjects choose between two ranked options whose quality can be independently varied. We use this data to construct a model that quantifies how judgement heuristics and option quality combine when deciding between two options. The model reveals popularity-ranking can be unstable: unless the quality difference between the two options is sufficiently high, the higher quality option is not guaranteed to be eventually ranked on top. To rectify this instability, we create an algorithm that accounts for judgement heuristics to infer the best option and rank it first. This algorithm is guaranteed to be optimal if data matches the model. When the data does not match the model, however, simulations show that in practice this algorithm performs better or at least as well as popularity-based and recency-based ranking for any two-choice question. Our work suggests that algorithms relying on inference of mathematical models of user behavior can substantially improve outcomes in crowdsourcing systems.
'I Can't Even Buy Apples If I Don't Use Mobile Pay?'
Authors: Shen Hong , Faklaris Cori , Jin Haojian , Dabbish Laura , Hong Jason I.
Published: October 2020

Despite slow adoption in the US, mobile payments are thede facto solution for hundreds of millions of users in China for everything from paying bills to riding buses, from sending virtual "Red Packets'' to buying money-market funds. In this paper, we use the theoretical lens of infrastructure to study users' interactions with ubiquitous mobile payment systems in China, focusing on Alipay and WeChat Pay, the two dominant apps on the market. Based on data from a survey (n=466) and follow-up interviews (n=12) with users in China, we describe the diverse usage patterns across physical, social, and digital ubiquity, and a series of challenges people face. Reflecting on the lessons we learned from the Chinese case -- in particular, problems and pitfalls -- we discuss some implications both for design and for policy. Our findings have important implications for other countries that have been moving towards greater adoption of mobile payments.
Trust, Identity, Privacy, and Security Considerations for Designing a Peer Data Sharing Platform Between People Living With HIV
Authors: Bussone Adrian , Kasadha Bakita , Stumpf Simone , Durrant Abigail C. , Tariq Shema , Gibbs Jo , Lloyd Karen C. , Bird Jon
Published: October 2020

Resulting from treatment advances, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is now a long-term condition, and digital solutions are being developed to support people living with HIV in self-management. Sharing their health data with their peers may support self-management, but the trust, identity, privacy and security (TIPS) considerations of people living with HIV remain underexplored. Working with a peer researcher who is expert in the lived experience of HIV, we interviewed 26 people living with HIV in the United Kingdom (UK) to investigate how to design a peer data sharing platform. We also conducted rating activities with participants to capture their attitudes towards sharing personal data. Our mixed methods study showed that participants were highly sophisticated in their understanding of trust and in their requirements for robust privacy and security. They indicated willingness to share digital identity attributes, including gender, age, medical history, health and well-being data, but not details that could reveal their personal identity. Participants called for TIPS measures to foster and to sustain responsible data sharing within their community. These findings can inform the development of trustworthy and secure digital platforms that enable people living with HIV to share data with their peers and provide insights for researchers who wish to facilitate data sharing in other communities with stigmatised health conditions.
"Talking without a Voice"
Authors: Maloney Divine , Freeman Guo , Wohn Donghee Yvette
Published: October 2020

Exploring communication dynamics in digital social spaces such as massively multiplayer online games and 2D/3D virtual worlds has been a long standing concern in HCI and CSCW. As online social spaces evolve towards more natural embodied interaction, it is important to explore how non-verbal communication can be supported in more nuanced ways in these spaces and introduce new social interaction consequences. In this paper we especially focus on understanding novel non-verbal communication in social virtual reality (VR). We report findings of two empirical studies. Study 1 collected observational data to explore the types of non-verbal interactions being used naturally in social VR. Study 2 was an interview study (N=30) that investigated people's perceptions of non-verbal communication in social VR as well as the resulting interaction outcomes. This study helps address the limitations in prior literature on non-verbal communication dynamics in online social spaces. Our findings on what makes non-verbal communication in social VR unique and socially desirable extend our current understandings of the role of non-verbal communication in social interaction. We also highlight potential design implications that aim at better supporting non-verbal communication in social VR.
Is Molybdenum Disulfide Modified with Molybdenum Metal Catalytically Active for the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction?
Authors: Du Hoang-Long , Hodgetts Rebecca Y. , Chatti Manjunath , Nguyen Cuong K. , Macfarlane Douglas R. , Simonov Alexandr N.
Published: October 2020

Inspired by the previously published theoretical findings, the present work aims to assess the electrocatalytic activity of molybdenum(IV) sulfide modified with metallic molybdenum for the nitrogen reduction reaction in aqueous electrolyte solution (0.1 M Li2SO4; pH 3) and in aprotic [C4mpyr][eFAP] ionic liquid electrolyte at ambient temperature. The material of interest was synthesized via a high-temperature partial reduction of MoS2, while electrocatalytic tests followed a previously established robust protocol, which in particular involves strict control over any NH3 and NO3
−/NO2
− contamination at every key step. As expected, no activity was found in aqueous solutions. In aprotic medium, the formation of small amounts of ammonia at low rates was observed and was found to strongly depend on the water concentration and applied potential. However, the amount of electrochemically generated NH3 always reached a particular limit and did not increase further, even when the N2 pressure was increased from 1 to 16 bar. The results suggest rapid blockage of the surface of the investigated electromaterial with NH3, which prevents its operation as a catalyst for the ammonia electrosynthesis.
Communication—Conductive Paintable 2D Layered MoS2 Inks
Authors: Carroll Elaine , Buckley Darragh , McNulty David , O’Dwyer Colm
Published: October 2020

Conductive and paintable inks of 2D layered MoS2 with aspect ratio-dependent conductivity are demonstrated. Using ultrasonically assisted solvent-exfoliation of MoS2, high concentration 2D and few-layer suspensions become inks that provide coherent films when painted. Conductivity of paintable 2D MoS2 inks can be modulated by length and width, where the conductivity is linked to the painting direction. Reducing the painted film width, increases conductivity for similar length, and the films conductivity is aspect ratio-dependent. Inks of solvent-exfoliated 2D MoS2 can be painted without polymeric additives.
Communication—Fabrication of Uniform Hollow Cubic Ag Cages and The Application for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection
Authors: Xiong Chunyan , Xie Ziyun , Gao Jiajun , Jiang Xingmao
Published: October 2020

In this study, a facial synthesis route for cubic Ag micro structure with well-defined hollow interior was developed. The fabricated hollow micro-cages were applied as the substrate for the detection of ultralow concentration of crystal violet (CV)-a poisonous organic pollutant. The substrate exhibits optimum SERS performance with a detection of 10−6 M of CV due to the unique hollow morphology, proving that it is a good candidate for SERS detection in the chemical and environmental field.
Influence of blood Po2 on the stability of agitated saline contrast
Authors: Boulet Lindsey M. , Vermeulen Tyler D. , Cotton Paul D. , Foster Glen E.
Published: October 2020

Hyperoxic blood has a small stabilizing effect on agitated saline contrast compared with mixed venous blood, lending support to studies that show the reversal of exercise-induced blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses (Q̇IPAVA) with hyperoxia. These data support the possible presence of a local O2-dependent regulatory mechanism within the pulmonary vasculature that may play a role in Q̇IPAVA regulation.
Frequency domain analysis to extract dynamic response characteristics for oxygen uptake during transitions to moderate- and heavy-intensity exercises
Authors: Hedge Eric T. , Hughson Richard L.
Published: October 2020

Mean normalized gain is able to detect differences in V̇O2p kinetics between moderate-, heavy-, and heavy-intensity exercises from a raised WR within the same individuals. This new method of kinetic analysis may be advantageous compared with conventional curve fitting, as it is less sensitive to breath-by-breath noise, it can provide useful information from a single exercise testing session, and it can be applied to nonconstant work rate exercise situations.
Sucking versus swallowing coordination, integration, and performance in preterm and term infants
Authors: Mayerl Christopher J. , Edmonds Chloe E. , Catchpole Emily A. , Myrla Alexis M. , Gould Francois D. H. , Bond Laura E. , Stricklen Bethany M. , German Rebecca Z.
Published: October 2020

Physiological maturation of infant feeding is clinically and developmentally significant, but seldom examined as an integrated function. Using longitudinal high-speed videofluoroscopic data, we found that properties of sucking, such as the length of the suck, are more sensitive to swallow physiology than those associated with the pharyngeal swallow itself, such as hyoid excursion. Prematurity impacted the function and maturation of the feeding system, resulting in a physiology that fundamentally differs from term infants by weaning.
Investigating the Effects of the Block Geometries and Sidewall Divergences on the Local Scour Downstream of Baffled Chute Spillways
Authors: Karimi Chahartaghi Morteza , Nazari Sohrab , Babarsad Mohsen Solimani
Published: October 2020

Due to the lack of any specific study about the sidewalls and other blocks’ changes in the case of hydraulic and scour downstream, the present study was conducted to investigate this issue. For this purpose, drainage projects and spillway chutes, as well as many baffle block chutes, were designed and constructed with the parallel sidewalls and trapezoidal shape using the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) instructions. Three divergence ratios of ((b1/b2) = 1.45, 1.75,  and 2.45), a parallel sidewall of (b1/b2 = 1), and also three geometry blocks including trapezoidal USBR, trihedral, and semicircle blocks were applied and tested in the hydraulic laboratory using a baffle chute with the slope of (2 : 1), (H : V). The material used in this study was sediment sand with a uniform grain size of d50 = 1.2 mm, 15 cm of thickness, and 2 m of length. The experiment was conducted with seven different discharges in lasting condition, and the flow characteristic and scour hole dimensions were measured. The results revealed that in comparison with the USBR blocks, changes in the baffle sidewall and block shape made an approximate 50% reduction in the maximum depth of the scour hole. Thus, increasing the divergence ratio from 1 to 2.45 had a significant effect on reducing the maximum depth and the topographic shape of the scour hole. According to the range mentioned in the literature for the Weber number, the scale effect was negligible for the chute with baffle blocks. Generally, it can be concluded that the sidewall changes also can make a reduction in the number of overbaffle blocks, causing a reduction in the construction cost.
Optimizing Production Schedule of Coalbed Methane Wells Using a Stochastic Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Hu Qiujia , Zhang Xianmin , Wang Xiang , Fan Bin , Jia Huimin
Published: October 2020

Production optimization of coalbed methane (CBM) is a complex constrained nonlinear programming problem. Finding an optimal decision is challenging since the coal seams are generally heterogeneous with widespread cleats, fractures, and matrix pores, and the stress sensitivities are extremely strong; the production of CBM wells needs to be adjusted dynamically within a reasonable range to fit the complex physical dynamics of CBM reservoirs to maximize profits on a long-term horizon. To address these challenges, this paper focuses on the step-down production strategy, which reduces the bottom hole pressure (BHP) step by step to expand the pressure drop radius, mitigate the formation damage, and improve CBM recovery. The mathematical model of CBM well production schedule optimization problem is formulated. The objective of the optimization model is to maximize the cumulative gas production and the variables are chosen as BHP declines of every step. BHP and its decline rate constraints are also considered in the model. Since the optimization problem is high dimensional, nonlinear with many local minima and maxima, covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES), a stochastic, derivative-free intelligent algorithm, is selected. By integrating a reservoir simulator with CMA-ES, the optimization problem can be solved successfully. Experiments including both normal wells and real featured wells are studied. Results show that CMA-ES can converge to the optimal solution efficiently. With the increase of the number of variables, the converge rate decreases rapidly. CMA-ES needs 3 or even more times number of function evaluations to converge to 100% of the optimum value comparing to 99%. The optimized schedule can better fit the heterogeneity and complex dynamic changes of CBM reservoir, resulting a higher production rate peak and a higher stable period production rate. The cumulative production under the optimized schedule can increase by 20% or even more. Moreover, the effect of the control frequency on the production schedule optimization problem is investigated. With the increases of control frequency, the converge rate decreases rapidly and the production performance increases slightly, and the optimization algorithm has a higher risk of falling into local optima. The findings of this study can help to better understanding the relationship between control strategy and CBM well production performance and provide an effective tool to determine the optimal production schedule for CBM wells.
Spectrochemical Technology in Nanomaterial Preparation and Art Appraisal Technology Research
Authors: Tang Xiao
Published: October 2020

With the rapid development of science and technology in micro/nanofield, it is urgent to carry out the research on new technology of micro/nanomechanics test and multiscale-related experimental mechanical analysis method. There is still a lot of work to be done in the basic theory and analysis method of micro-Raman spectroscopy as a new microscale mechanical test method applied to the experimental research of material mechanics. Based on the above background, the purpose of this paper is the application of spectrochemical technology in the preparation of nanomaterials and art identification technology. In this paper, different morphologies of SiO2 nanomaterials, such as crystalline nanoparticles, amorphous nanowires, nanospheres, and nanonets, were prepared by a simple hot steaming method in the presence of argon. The samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, this paper also carried out art identification work, using spectral technology to detect some paintings and calligraphy. The experimental results show that the Raman spectra of these paintings and calligraphy papers are in the visible region because their fluorescence is too strong, and almost all the peaks are submerged. In the near-infrared region (1064 nm), their peaks are also very weak, but they can be distinguished by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy.
Nanometer Montmorillonite Modified Fly Ash Ecological Slope Protection Material and Its Preparation and Application
Authors: Lou Guochong , Zhong Qinghui , Xie Jianguo
Published: October 2020

In order to scientifically and reasonably evaluate and select the quality and effect of ecological slope protection construction project and the structural form of ecological slope protection, this paper mainly studies nanomontmorillonite modified fly ash ecological slope protection material and its preparation method and related applications. The nanomontmorillonite modified fly ash ecological slope protection material and its application in this paper are based on nanomontmorillonite modified fly ash as the basic carrier, and the pore structure is used to plant grass for slope protection to achieve the purpose of ecological slope protection. Firstly, the nanomontmorillonite modified fly ash ecological slope protection material was prepared through the selection of raw materials, the mix ratio design, and the reasonable selection of the preparation process, and the range analysis method was used to optimize the mix ratio of nanomontmorillonite modified fly ash. By reasonable selection of alkali-reducing measures, selection of slope protection vegetation, preparation of planting substrates, and research on phytobiology, through experimental analysis, we obtained nanomontmorillonite modified fly ash with high strength and good water permeability and alkalinity in the pores to meet the requirements of plant growth ecological slope protection materials. Finally, through engineering practice, we explored the construction method of nanomontmorillonite modified fly ash ecological slope protection material and obtained good ecological slope protection benefits. The experimental data show that, for dispersive soil, when the degree of compaction is 80%, the compressive modulus of the soil is 3.46 MPa; when the degree of compaction is 86%, the compressive modulus of the soil becomes 4.51 MPa, an increase of 46.57%. The experimental results show that the nanomontmorillonite modified fly ash ecological slope protection material can help the soil become more compact.
Peptidomics Analysis Reveals Peptide PDCryab1 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Xuejun , Feng Mengwen , Zhang Hao , Xu Jia , Ding Jingjing , Cheng Zijie , Qian Lingmei
Published: October 2020

Doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Peptidomics is an emerging field of proteomics that has attracted much attention because it can be used to study the composition and content of endogenous peptides in various organisms. Endogenous peptides participate in various biological processes and are important sources of candidates for drug development. To explore peptide changes related to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and to find peptides with cardioprotective function, we compared the expression profiles of peptides in the hearts of DOX-treated and control mice by mass spectrometry. The results showed that 236 differential peptides were identified upon DOX treatment, of which 22 were upregulated and 214 were downregulated. Next, we predicted that 31 peptides may have cardioprotective function by conducting bioinformatics analysis on the domains of each precursor protein, the predicted score of peptide biological activity, and the correlation of each peptide with cardiac events. Finally, we verified that a peptide (SPFYLRPPSF) from Cryab can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, improve cardiac function, and ameliorate myocardial fibrosis in vitro and vivo. In conclusion, our results showed that the expression profiles of peptides in cardiac tissue change significantly upon DOX treatment and that these differentially expressed peptides have potential cardioprotective functions. Our study suggests a new direction for the treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Postoperative New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation following Noncardiac Operations: Prevalence, Complication, and Long-Term MACE
Authors: Koren Ofir , Hakim Rony , Israeli Asaf , Rozner Ehud , Turgeman Yoav
Published: October 2020

Background. Postoperative new-onset atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication following cardiothoracic surgery, but little is known regarding its occurrence and outcome following noncardiothoracic surgery. This study was intended to examine the incidence of POAF in noncardiothoracic surgeries performed under general anesthesia and its effects on the length of hospitalization stay, short-term and long-term morbidity, and mortality. Methodology. We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study. The study population consists of patients hospitalized in surgical wards from January 2014 to December 2017. Surgery was defined as noncardiac or thoracic procedure conducted under general anesthesia. Results. A total of 24,125 general anesthesia operations were performed at 7 surgical wards. About two-fifth of the operations (40%) were operated electively, and the rest underwent emergency surgery. The mean age was 63.78 ± 11.50, and more than half (56.9%) of the participants were female. The prevalence of POAF was 2.69 per 1000 adult patients (95% CI: 2.11–3.43) and vary significantly among wards. The highest prevalence was observed after hip fixation and laparotomy surgeries (54.9 and 26.7 per 1000 patients, respectively). The median length of hospitalization was significantly higher in POAF patients (21.0 vs. 4.8 days,

p
<
0.001

). Patients who developed POAF had significantly higher mortality rates, both inhospital (200 vs. 7.56 deaths per 1000,

p
=
0.001

) and 1 year (261.5 vs. 33.3 per 1000,

p
=
0.001

, respectively). There was no significant association between outcome and treatment modalities such as rate or rhythm control and anticoagulant use. Conclusion. New-onset AF following noncardiac surgery is rare, yet poses significant clinical implications, both immediate and long-term. POAF is associated with a longer length of hospitalization and a significantly higher mortality rate, both in short- and long-term.
Knowledge Graph Construction and Application of Power Grid Equipment
Authors: Huang Haichao , Hong Zhouzhenyan , Zhou Huiming , Wu Jiaxian , Jin Ning
Published: October 2020

Recent development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology enquires the traditional power grid system involving additional information and connectivity of all devices for the smooth transit to the next generation of smart grid system. In an AI-enhanced power grid system, each device has its unique name, function, property, location, and many more. A large number of power grid devices can form a complex power grid knowledge graph through serial and parallel connection relationships. The scale of power grid equipment is usually extremely large, with thousands and millions of power devices. Finding the proper way of understanding and operating these devices is difficult. Furthermore, the collection, analysis, and management of power grid equipment become major problems in power grid management. With the development of AI technology, the combination of labeling technology and knowledge graph technology provides a new solution understanding the internal structure of a power grid. As a result, this study focuses on knowledge graph construction techniques for large scale power grid located in China. A semiautomatic knowledge graph construction technology is proposed and applied to the power grid equipment system. Through a series of experimental simulations, we show that the efficiency of daily operations, maintenance, and management of the power grid can be largely improved.
Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon in Tropical Agroforests in the Churiya Range of Makawanpur, Nepal
Authors: Magar Lilu Kumari , Kafle Gandhiv , Aryal Pradeep
Published: October 2020

This paper reports the findings of a research study conducted in three tropical agroforestry systems in the Makawanpur district of Nepal, to quantify the spatial and vertical distribution of soil organic carbon in 30 cm soil profile depth in agrisilviculture, home garden, and silvopasture. The three agroforestry systems represent tropical agroforests of Nepal. It was found that the soil had 24.91 t/ha soil organic carbon in 30 cm soil profile in 2018, with 2.1% soil organic matter concentration in average. Bulk density was found increasing with an increase in soil depth. The soil organic carbon was not found significantly different across different agroforestry systems. Looking into the values of stocks of soil organic carbon, it is concluded that the tropical agroforests have played a role in global climate change mitigation by storing considerable amounts of soil organic carbon and the storage capacity can further be increased. Involvement of farmers in the management of tropical agroforests cannot be ignored in the process of climate change mitigation.
High-Order Hybrid WCNS-CPR Scheme for Shock Capturing of Conservation Laws
Authors: Guo Jia , Zhu Huajun , Yan Zhen-Guo , Tang Lingyan , Song Songhe
Published: October 2020

By introducing hybrid technique into high-order CPR (correction procedure via reconstruction) scheme, a novel hybrid WCNS-CPR scheme is developed for efficient supersonic simulations. Firstly, a shock detector based on nonlinear weights is used to identify grid cells with high gradients or discontinuities throughout the whole flow field. Then, WCNS (weighted compact nonlinear scheme) is adopted to capture shocks in these areas, while the smooth area is calculated by CPR. A strategy to treat the interfaces of the two schemes is developed, which maintains high-order accuracy. Convergent order of accuracy and shock-capturing ability are tested in several numerical experiments; the results of which show that this hybrid scheme achieves expected high-order accuracy and high resolution, is robust in shock capturing, and has less computational cost compared to the WCNS.
Urban Traffic Signal Control Based on Multiobjective Joint Optimization
Authors: Wu Yongrong , Zhou Yijie , Feng Yanming , Xiao Yutian , He Shaojie , Zhou Junsheng , Ren Tianhe , Chen Jinling , Chen Mingsong , Xiahou Jianbing , Lin Fan
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes two algorithms for signal timing optimization of single intersections, namely, microbial genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm. The basis of the optimization of these two algorithms is the original timing scheme of the SCATS, and the optimized parameters are the average delay of vehicles and the capacity. Experiments verify that these two algorithms are, respectively, improved by 67.47% and 46.88%, based on the original timing scheme.
Design and Experiment of Assistive Mechanism for Adjustment of Transrectal Ultrasound Probe
Authors: Jiang Jin-Gang , Zuo Hui , Zhang Yong-De , Huang Zhi-Yuan , Guo Xiao-Wei , Xu Yong
Published: October 2020

Transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy is the most commonly used method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. During the operation, the doctor needs to manually adjust the ultrasound probe for repeated adjustments, which is difficult to ensure the efficiency, accuracy, and safety of the operation. This paper presents a passive posture adjusting mechanism of transrectal ultrasound probe. The overall mechanism has 7 degrees of freedom, consisting of a position adjustment module, a posture adjustment module, and an ultrasonic probe rotation and feed module. In order to achieve the centering function, the posture adjustment module is designed based on the double parallelogram. Centering performance is verified based on SimMechanics, and remote center point error of physical prototypes is evaluated. The maximum error of the azimuth remote center point motion and the maximum error of the remote center point motion of the ultrasonic probe are 4 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively, which are less than the anus that can withstand 6 mm. Meanwhile, the analysis of measurement error shows that the random error correlation is weak in different directions, the systematic error confidence intervals of azimuth and elevation angle are less than 2.5 mm, and the maximum relative fixed point error and the maximum relative standard error are 14.73% and 14.98%, respectively. The simulation and testing results have shown the effectiveness and reliability of the propose mechanism.
Research on Multifeature Data Routing Strategy in Deduplication
Authors: He Qinlu , Bian Genqing , Shao Bilin , Zhang Weiqi
Published: October 2020

Deduplication is a popular data reduction technology in storage systems which has significant advantages, such as finding and eliminating duplicate data, reducing data storage capacity required, increasing resource utilization, and saving storage costs. The file features are a key factor that is used to calculate the similarity between files, but the similarity calculated by the single feature has some limitations especially for the similar files. The storage node feature reflects the load condition of the node, which is the key factor to be considered in the data routing. This paper introduces a multifeature data routing strategy (DRMF). The routing strategy is made based on the features of the cluster, including routing communication, file similarity calculation, and the determination of the target node. The mutual information exchange is achieved by routing communication, routing servers, and storage nodes. The storage node calculates the similarity between the files stored, and then the file is routed according to the information provided by the routing server. The routing server determines the target node of the route according to the similar results and the node load features. The system prototype is designed and implemented; also, we develop a system to process the feature of cluster and determine the specific parameters of various features of experiments. In the end, we simulate the multifeature data routing and single-feature data routing, respectively, and compare the deduplication rate and data slope between the two strategies. The experimental results show that the proposed data routing strategy using multiple features can improve the deduplication rate of the cluster and maintain a lower data skew rate compared with the single-feature-based routing strategy MCS; DRMF can improve the deduplication rate of the cluster and maintain a lower data skew rate.
Learning Transferable Convolutional Proxy by SMI-Based Matching Technique
Authors: Jin Wei , Jia Nan
Published: October 2020

Domain-transfer learning is a machine learning task to explore a source domain data set to help the learning problem in a target domain. Usually, the source domain has sufficient labeled data, while the target domain does not. In this paper, we propose a novel domain-transfer convolutional model by mapping a target domain data sample to a proxy in the source domain and applying a source domain model to the proxy for the purpose of prediction. In our framework, we firstly represent both source and target domains to feature vectors by two convolutional neural networks and then construct a proxy for each target domain sample in the source domain space. The proxy is supposed to be matched to the corresponding target domain sample convolutional representation vector well. To measure the matching quality, we proposed to maximize their squared-loss mutual information (SMI) between the proxy and target domain samples. We further develop a novel neural SMI estimator based on a parametric density ratio estimation function. Moreover, we also propose to minimize the classification error of both source domain samples and target domain proxies. The classification responses are also smoothened by manifolds of both the source domain and proxy space. By minimizing an objective function of SMI, classification error, and manifold regularization, we learn the convolutional networks of both source and target domains. In this way, the proxy of a target domain sample can be matched to the source domain data and thus benefits from the rich supervision information of the source domain. We design an iterative algorithm to update the parameters alternately and test it over benchmark data sets of abnormal behavior detection in video, Amazon product reviews sentiment analysis, etc.
Test and Analysis of Sludge Dewatering with a Vacuum Negative Pressure Load at the Bottom of Full Section
Authors: Qi Yongzheng , Wang Zongzhi , Jiang Pengming , Guan Yunfei , Wang Liyan , Mei Ling , Zhou Aizhao , Hou Heying , Xu Haoqing
Published: October 2020

At present, the sludge production has increased sharply, and sludge treatment remains a serious problem. Rapid sludge dewatering is the key problem of sludge treatment, and the main approach for reducing the cost of the sludge treatment is to reduce the cost of sludge dewatering. In this paper, two groups of sludge dewatering tests were carried out using homemade instruments and equipment. One group was conducted without rice straw, and the other group was conducted with rice straw. The relevant mechanism was analyzed, and the results indicate that sludge dewatering with a vacuum negative pressure load of the full section at the bottom is better than mechanical sludge dewatering. The sludge dewatering effect with rice straw is better than that without rice straw. Additionally, the vacuum degree inside the sludge decreased sharply. The pore water pressure slowly dissipates during the early and late stages and quickly during the middle stage. Sludge pore water seepage does not obey Darcy’s law, and sludge dewatering is intermittent.
Improved Single-Key Attacks on 2-GOST
Authors: Zheng Qiuhua , Hu Yinhao , Pei Tao , Xu Shengwang , Yu Junzhe , Wu Ting , Shen Yanzhao , Zeng Yingpei , Cui Tingting
Published: October 2020

GOST, known as GOST-28147-89, was standardized as the Russian encryption standard in 1989. It is a lightweight-friendly cipher and suitable for the resource-constrained environments. However, due to the simplicity of GOST’s key schedule, it encountered reflection attack and fixed point attack. In order to resist such attacks, the designers of GOST proposed a modification of GOST, namely, 2-GOST. This new version changes the order of subkeys in the key schedule and uses concrete S-boxes in round function. But regarding single-key attacks on full-round 2-GOST, Ashur et al. proposed a reflection attack with data of

2

32

on a weak-key class of size

2

224

, as well as the fixed point attack and impossible reflection attack with data of

2

64

for all possible keys. Note that the attacks applicable for all possible keys need the entire plaintext space. In other words, these are codebook attacks. In this paper, we propose single-key attacks on 2-GOST with only about

2

32

data instead of codebook. Firstly, we apply 2-dimensional meet-in-the-middle attack combined with splice-cut technique on full-round 2-GOST. This attack is applicable for all possible keys, and its data complexity reduces from previous

2

64

to

2

32

. Besides that, we apply splice-cut meet-in-the-middle attack on 31-round 2-GOST with only data of

2

32

. In this attack, we only need 8 bytes of memory, which is negligible.
Stator Current-Based Model Reference Adaptive Control for Sensorless Speed Control of the Induction Motor
Authors: Asfu Workagegn Tatek
Published: October 2020

This paper described that the stator current-based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed estimator is used for the induction motor (IM) indirect vector speed control without a mechanical speed sensor. Due to high sensitivity of motor parameters variation at low speed including zero, stability analysis of MRAS design is performed to correct any mismatch parameters value in the MRAS performed to estimate the motor speed at these values. As a result, the IM sensorless control can operate over a wide range including zero speed. The performance of the stator current-based MRAS speed estimator was analyzed in terms of speed tracking capability, torque response quickness, low speed behavior, step response of drive with speed reversal, sensitivity to motor parameter uncertainty, and speed tracking ability in the regenerative mode. The system gives a good performance at no-load and loaded conditions with parameter variation. The stator current-based MRAS estimator sensorless speed control technique can make the hardware simple and improve the reliability of the motor without introducing a feedback sensor, and it becomes more important in the modern AC IM. The sensorless vector control operation has been verified by simulation on Matlab and experimentally using Texas Instruments HVMTRPFCKIT with TMS320 F28035 DSP card and 0.18 kw AC IM.
Alta Dirección Pública (ADP)
Authors: Abarzúa Eduardo , Inostroza Manuel
Published: October 2020

Toda política pública que se precie de tal tiene un ciclo que comprende su diseño, negociación, implementación, evaluación y retroalimentación para sus modificaciones o ajustes ya sean de gestión o regulatorias. Este ha sido el caso de la Alta Dirección Pública, desde que se diseñó y negoció en el Congreso el 2003, para comenzar a implementarse gradualmente a partir del año 2004 hasta la fecha, donde ha sido objeto de diversas revisiones y evaluaciones, en especial a partir de los informes de desempeño que su Consejo, por ley está obligado en los meses de mayo de cada año, a entregar a las Comisiones de Hacienda del Senado y la Cámara de Diputados. Es por lo que este artículo, el tercero de una serie académica sobre la ADP, pretende ser un aporte más al seguimiento de esta política en particular. Continuar leyendo...
Efectos de la Pandemia
Authors: Geldes Cristian , Muñoz Victor
Published: October 2020

La pandemia global de COVID 19 ha impactado a las universidades, acelerando y acrecentando cambios que se observaban previamente. Las universidades debieron reaccionar con rapidez implementando medidas de corto plazo en distintos ámbitos de su quehacer. Sin embargo, es bastante probable que la pandemia generará efectos de largo plazo que afectarán su sostenibilidad. En este marco, el objetivo de este artículo es plantear y discutir una serie de desafíos estratégicos para el mundo universitario en los próximos años. Continuar leyendo...
Aggressive PDACs Show Hypomethylation of Repetitive Elements and the Execution of an Intrinsic IFN Program Linked to a Ductal Cell of Origin
Authors: Espinet Elisa , Gu Zuguang , Imbusch Charles D. , Giese Nathalia A. , Büscher Magdalena , Safavi Mariam , Weisenburger Silke , Klein Corinna , Vogel Vanessa , Falcone Mattia , Insua-Rodríguez Jacob , Reitberger Manuel , Thiel Vera , Kossi Steffi O. , Muckenhuber Alexander , Sarai Karnjit , Lee Alex Y.L. , Backx Elyne , Zarei Soheila , Gaida Matthias M. , Rodríguez-Paredes Manuel , Donato Elisa , Yen Hsi-Yu , Eils Roland , Schlesner Matthias , Pfarr Nicole , Hackert Thilo , Plass Christoph , Brors Benedikt , Steiger Katja , Weichenhan Dieter , Arda H. Efsun , Rooman Ilse , Kopp Janel L. , Strobel Oliver , Weichert Wilko , Sprick Martin R. , Trumpp Andreas
Published: October 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by extensive desmoplasia, which challenges the molecular analyses of bulk tumor samples. Here we FACS-purified epithelial cells from human PDAC and normal pancreas and derived their genome-wide transcriptome and DNA methylome landscapes. Clustering based on DNA methylation revealed two distinct PDAC groups displaying different methylation patterns at regions encoding repeat elements. Methylationlow tumors are characterized by higher expression of endogenous retroviral transcripts and double-stranded RNA sensors, which lead to a cell-intrinsic activation of an interferon signature (IFNsign). This results in a protumorigenic microenvironment and poor patient outcome. Methylationlow/IFNsignhigh and Methylationhigh/IFNsignlow PDAC cells preserve lineage traits, respective of normal ductal or acinar pancreatic cells. Moreover, ductal-derived KrasG12D/Trp53−/− mouse PDACs show higher expression of IFNsign compared with acinar-derived counterparts. Collectively, our data point to two different origins and etiologies of human PDACs, with the aggressive Methylationlow/IFNsignhigh subtype potentially targetable by agents blocking intrinsic IFN signaling.

Significance:

The mutational landscapes of PDAC alone cannot explain the observed interpatient heterogeneity. We identified two PDAC subtypes characterized by differential DNA methylation, preserving traits from normal ductal/acinar cells associated with IFN signaling. Our work suggests that epigenetic traits and the cell of origin contribute to PDAC heterogeneity.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521
Predictors of Lymph Node Invasion in Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer Who Undergo Radical Prostatectomy and Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection: The Role of Obesity
Authors: Tafuri Alessandro , Rizzetto Riccardo , Amigoni Nelia , Sebben Marco , Shakir Aliasger , Gozzo Alessandra , Odorizzi Katia , Gallina Sebastian , Bianchi Alberto , Ornaghi Paola , Brunelli Matteo , Migliorini Filippo , Cerruto Maria Angela , Artibani Walter , Siracusano Salvatore , Antonelli Alessandro , Porcaro Antonio Benito
Published: October 2020

Objective: In patients with intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa), improving the detection of occult lymph node metastases could play a pivotal role for therapeutic counseling and planning. The recent literature shows that several clinical factors may be related to PCa aggressiveness. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential associations between clinical factors and the risk of multiple lymph node invasion (LNI) in patients with intermediate- and high-risk localized PCa (cT1/2, cN0, and ISUP grading group >2 and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >10 ng/mL) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). Materials and Methods: In a period ranging from January 2014 to December 2018, 880 consecutive patients underwent RP with ePLND for PCa. Among these, 481 met the inclusion criteria and were selected. Data were prospectively collected within an institutional dataset and retrospectively analyzed. Age (years), body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), PSA (ng/mL), prostate volume (mL), and biopsy positive cores (BPC; %) were recorded for each case. BMI and BPC were considered continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The logistic regression models evaluated the association of clinical factors with the risk of nodal metastases. Results: LNI was detected in 73/418 patients (15.2%) of whom 40/418 (8.3%) harbored multiple LNI (median 2, IQR: 3–4). On multivariate analysis, BMI was independently associated with the risk of multiple LNI in the pathological specimen when compared with patients without LNI (OR = 1.147; p = 0.018), as well as the percentage of biopsy positive cores (OR = 1.028; p < 0.0001) and European Association of Urology high-risk class (OR = 5.486; p < 0.0001). BMI was the only predictor of multiple LNI when compared with patients with 1 positive node (OR = 1.189, p = 0.027). Conclusions: In intermediate- and high-risk localized PCa, BMI was an independent predictor of the risk of multiple lymph node metastases. The inclusion of BMI within LNI risk calculators could be helpful, and a detailed counseling in obese patients should be required.
Prevalence of Extraplacental Anastomoses in Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Nakanishi Kentaro , Kawaguchi Haruna , Hayashi Shusaku , Ishii Keisuke
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of extraplacental anastomoses (EPA) and the factors associated. Methods: A retrospective study including 144 placentas from monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins delivering at one institution was performed. EPA were defined as any intertwin anastomosis located outside the chorionic plate on macroscopic inspection. The association with perinatal factors and with umbilical cord insertion site was analyzed. Results: The prevalence of EPA was 4.9% (7/144). Velamentous cord insertion of both twins was significantly associated with the presence of EPA in the multivariate logistic regression model (p = 0.045). Discussion: EPA was found in ≈5% of MCDA twin pregnancies.
Multiple Cranial Neuropathies as the Presenting Sign in a Patient with Metastatic BRAF-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma with Leptomeningeal Involvement
Authors: Fitzgerald Bailey Gleason , Grant Michael , Kone Gbambele , Patwa Huned , Rose Michal
Published: October 2020

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis accounts for only 4% of cases of multiple cranial neuropathies. Here, we report the case of a patient who presented with multiple synchronous cranial neuropathies. After treatment for neuroborreliosis and broad infectious workup, endobronchial ultrasound-guided mediastinal lymph node biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of metastatic BRAF-mutated lung adenocarcinoma with leptomeningeal involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of metastatic BRAF-driven lung adenocarcinoma with leptomeningeal disease at diagnosis. In this case, the presence of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis at diagnosis, not as a late manifestation of heavily pretreated disease, alludes to a possible association between leptomeningeal involvement and BRAF-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.