bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental factors affecting childhood diarrheal disease among under-five children in Jamma District, South Wello zone, northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Workie Getachew Yismaw , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie , Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher
Published: June 2019

Background

Globally, diarrhea is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among <5years children and it contributes for the deaths of approximately one million children every year. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is the second cause of under-five mortality and morbidity. However, in the study area the study was very limited. Therefore, this study was assessed the prevalence of diarrhea and associated factors among <5years of age in Jamma district, Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 15 to September 15, 2017 in Jamma district, South Wello zone, northeast Ethiopia. Using systematic random sampling technique 614 households were selected and a pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with diarrheal disease. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to show the strength of associations and variables with P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

In this study, the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 23.1% (95% CI: (19.4, 26.5)). Living in rural area (OR:2.75, 95% CI (1.33,5.66)), absence of latrine (OR:4.80, 95% CI (2.39,9.60)), absence of hand washing facility (OR:2.45, 95% CI (1.53,3.93)), unprotected drinking water source (OR:2.68, 95% CI(1.54,4.68)), Improper waste disposal practices (OR:3.86, 95% CI (2.38,6.26)), and source of drinking water, improper waste disposal, and child age were notably associated with childhood diarrheal disease. Therefore, encouraging hand washing practice and proper waste disposal in the district would minimize the burden of diarrheal disease.
Future Study of Health Education System on the Path toward Globalization and Entrepreneurship in Iran, 2028 Horizon
Authors: Rezaee Rita , Ghorbanian Azimeh , Pourmohammadi Kimia , Kojouri Javad , Shieh Hajar , Bordbar Najmeh , Salehi Asiyeh
Published: June 2019

introduction

universities play a significantly important role in the development of societies.

Furthermore, they have always been exposed to internal and external changes. Therefore, they are required to adapt themselves to the environment and its conditions in order to meet the needs and realize the values ​​of society. In this regard, Universities of Medical Sciences across the country have attempted to manage their paradigmatic transition to entrepreneurship in order to synchronize with global trends. so, this study aimed to evaluate the futures faced by the higher education system in Iran in the move toward third-generation universities and globalization, using the scenario planning approach.

Methods

In this research, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were used, in three phase: I: Identifying the variables affecting the future of medical education, II: Finalizing Key Factors for Prediction and Building Scenarios (Future Estimates), Phase III: Building the Future (Scenario-making)

Results

Five factors, which had high impact and possibility of occurrence, were selected as the final key factors in the movement of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences toward the third-generation university. A: The ability of the system to funding the university B: stabilization of long-term policy-making towards the realization of third-generation university C: the cultural and attitudinal infrastructures of university D: Status of hardware (equipment) and software (educational contents and processes) infrastructures in this regards.

Conclusion

Four compatible scenarios was extracted using the Scenario Wizard Software. 1. quick move toward the third-generation universities 2. opening the wing of e-learning and virtual schools 3. turtle movement 4. alert of moving backward to first-generation universities. It seems that a proper and principled policy-making for moving toward third-generation universities is an essential goal, hence the future of this path must be clarified and a joint vision must be created.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 cells induces HUVECs proliferation and migration through TRPV3 promoting the secretion of VEGF
Authors: li xiaolei , Li Hui feng , Li Zhonghua , Wang Tingting , Yu Dejun , Jin Hongbo , Cao Yonggang
Published: June 2019

Background

Angiogenesis is vital in the process of primary tumor growth and metastasis. Ca2+ signaling is crucial for tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to detect the potential role of Ca2+ permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) in the angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

Small interfering RNA was used to down-regulate TRPV3 expression in A549 cells. A laser scanning confocal microscope was used to examine intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). HUVECs tube formation and migration assay, Western blot, MTT and ELISA were performed to detect the potential mechanisms of TRPV3 in tumor angiogenesis. A mouse tumor xenograft model was performed to expound the effects of TRPV3 on tumor cell growth.

Results

Inhibition of TRPV3 reduced [Ca2+]i and protein expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in A549 cells. Moreover, HIF-1α depletion decreased the VEGF secretion level and expression. Depletion of TRPV3 inhibits HUVECs proliferation, tube formation and migration induced by conditioned medium. And TRPV3 inhibition could decrease the volume of xenograft tumors, MVD of CD34+ cells. HIF-1α, VEGF and p-CaMKП expression levels in the xenograft tumors of RuR and siTRPV3 groups was reduced.

Conclusions

TRPV3 calcium channel protein may play a key role in NSCLC angiogenesis. TRPV3 could promote the angiogenesis through HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway. Targeting TRPV3 channel protein by novel approaches would be useful for reversing NSCLC angiogenesis.
Adult and Child Focus Group Views of Oranges and Mandarins
Authors: Kurzer Amalie B. , Bechtel Rose , Guinard Jean-Xavier
Published: June 2019

To identify factors that may reduce mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and orange (Citrus sinensis) consumer acceptance and to acquire information on current consumer thoughts and perceptions, a series of eight focus groups were held in a college town in northern California: four with children and four with adults. Adults mentioned cost proportionately more (P ≤ 0.05) often than children, as well as farm to fork, purchasing preferences, and seasonality. Children mentioned eating preferences, social use, and healthiness more often (P ≤ 0.05). Flavor and taste were important to both age groups, as well as ease of peeling. Both ages viewed oranges as slightly too large and messier than mandarins. Adults felt frustration that oranges and mandarins lack flavor and that quality is not consistent. Many indicated they would be willing to pay more for consistent quality. Children reported relying on availability, appearance, and the basic tastes to guide their choices and did not express a clear preference between mandarins and oranges. Development of a fruit intermediate in size between an orange and a mandarin, either a small orange or a large mandarin, would potentially satisfy an untapped area of the market. Other potential areas of consumer interest are in fruits with edible peels, like kumquats (Citrus japonica) and in more unique, identifiable varieties such as Cara Cara oranges.
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL SUPPLY OF PROJECTS OF ROBOTIZED MONITORING OF UNDERWATER CONDITIONS IN SHALLOW WATER AREAS
Authors: Blintsov Volodymyr , Maidaniuk Pavlo , Sirivchuk Andrii
Published: June 2019

The intensification of industrial activity in shallow water areas and the growing requirements for the safety of their use determine the urgency of developing new technologies for monitoring their underwater environment. The monitoring tasks include mapping of the bottom surface, inspection of hydraulic structures, search for sunken objects, control of unauthorized access to protected areas, etc.

A promising direction for improving the efficiency of monitoring projects for such water areas is the use of uninhabited autonomous and remote-controlled underwater robots. However, the use of traditional types of such equipment has low efficiency because of the impossibility of the operational management of the missions of autonomous vehicles in real time and the complexity and high cost of using remote-controlled vehicles.

As an alternative to the robotic support of underwater monitoring projects in shallow water areas, it is proposed to use autonomous underwater vehicles with a radio beacon, since they make it possible to survey large areas, perform high-quality and comprehensive search and mapping work, while providing operators with real-world underwater conditions of time.

A generalized structure and composition of the equipment for an autonomous underwater vehicle with a radio beacon is described, its main underwater missions and types of underwater operations are described.

In order to assess the resources for the execution time of projects for the robotized monitoring of shallow water areas, dependencies are proposed for calculating the time costs for different trajectories of the movement of the underwater vehicle-robot. Using this methodology, time expenses were calculated and the number of underwater vehicle operation cycles for the main ports of Ukraine was estimated during the examination of the mooring walls with video equipment of the underwater vehicle and examination of the shallow water area by its sonar.

The obtained results are a preliminary assessment of the time spent on the study of shallow-water offshore and port water areas, and also form the theoretical basis for the formation of a technical assignment for the creation of modern robotic support for monitoring projects in such water areas.
19F-NMR in Target-based Drug Discovery
Authors: Kang CongBao
Published: June 2019

Solution NMR spectroscopy plays important roles in understanding protein structures, dynamics and protein-protein/ligand interactions. In a target-based drug discovery project, NMR can serve an important function in hit identification and lead optimization. Fluorine is a valuable probe for evaluating protein conformational changes and protein-ligand interactions. Accumulated studies demonstrate that 19F-NMR can play important roles in fragment- based drug discovery (FBDD) and probing protein-ligand interactions. This review summarizes the application of 19F-NMR in understanding protein-ligand interactions and drug discovery. Several examples are included to show the roles of 19F-NMR in confirming identified hits/leads in the drug discovery process. In addition to identifying hits from fluorinecontaining compound libraries, 19F-NMR will play an important role in drug discovery by providing a fast and robust way in novel hit identification. This technique can be used for ranking compounds with different binding affinities and is particularly useful for screening competitive compounds when a reference ligand is available.
Delivery of Local Anesthesia: Current Strategies, Safety, and Future Prospects
Authors: Liu Guo-Liang , Bian Wen-Chao , Zhao Peng , Sun Li-Hua
Published: June 2019

Background:

The systemic administration of anesthesia is associated with severe and undesirable side effects such as sedation, vomiting, nausea, allergies, respiratory problems, and neutrophil dysfunction. With the increase in the procedures of limb surgery, cosmetics, facial, skin, and cancer reconstruction, the demand for local anesthesia has increased multifold during the last one decade. Therefore, novel, safe, and cost-effective methods are being developed to deliver local anesthetics by the surgeons.

Methods:

To prepare a comprehensive research report on anesthesia, we performed a structured literature search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed articles published recently. The studies of different articles were summarized and a deductive qualitative and quantitative data analysis was applied. Subsequently, a comprehensive summary of the analysis was used to frame this review article with ample examples.

Results:

A thorough analysis of the reports suggested that there have been tremendous developments of synthesizing nanoparticle-based local anesthesia drugs. The active targeting ability of nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategy can further help to deliver the desired anesthetic drug locally. It was also found that different local anesthetic drugs are developed into liposome form and show better efficacy in patients receiving anesthesia.

Conclusion:

The findings of this review article endorse that safe delivery of anesthesia drugs are essential for the safety of patients. Further, nanotechnology-based strategies are extremely useful for targeted delivery of anesthetic drugs at the required dose without affecting the neighboring tissues.
Comparison Among Five Eucalyptus Species Based on Their Leaf Contents of Some Primary and Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Nasr Alyaa , Khan Tehmina Saleem , Huang Shi-Ping , Wen Bin , Shao Jian-Wen , Zhu Guo-Ping
Published: June 2019

Background:

Eucalyptus belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is the most planted hardwood
forest crop worldwide, representing a global renewable resource of fiber, pharmaceuticals and energy.

Objective:

To compare the five species, E. maidenii, E. robusta, E. citriodora, E. tereticornis and
E. camaldulensis, seeking for the richest source of nutrients and pharmaceuticals.

Methodology:

Eucalyptus samples were subjected to some chemical determinations for both primary
and secondary metabolites to verify their nutritional and pharmaceutical importance related to different
extracts. GC-MS analysis was applied to detect the presence of some individual phenolic constituents
in their leaves.

Results:

E. robusta recorded the maximum contents of carbohydrates (40.07%) and protein (31.91%).
While E. camaldulensis contained the highest contents of total phenolic compounds (46.56 mg/g), tannins
(40.01 mg/g) and antioxidant activities assayed by the phosphomolybednum method (57.60
mg/g), followed by E. citridora. However, E. tereticornis exhibited the highest reducing power ability
(151.23 mg/g). The GC-MS highlighted 20 phenolic constituents and antioxidants which varied in their
abundance in Eucalyptus leaves, 8 individual phenolics (hydroquinone, hesperitin, pyrogallol, resorcinol,
protocatechuic acid, naringenin, chlorogenic acid and catechin) were maximally recorded with E.
camaldulensis and secondly, with E. citridora in case of at least 5 components. Nevertheless, gallic
and quinic acids were more abundant in the leaves of E. tereticornis, which may explain its high corresponding
reducing powers.

Conclusion:

Acetone-water combination has enhanced phenolics extraction from Eucalyptus tissues.
This is the first report aiming to compare between the aforementioned Eucalyptus species highlighting
either their nutritional or medicinal importance.
Simultaneous Determination of Cholecalciferol and 25- Hydroxycholecalceferol in Lipid-based Self-nanoemulsifying formulations and Marketed Product Vi-de 3® by UHPLC-UV
Authors: Aljuffali Ibrahim , Almarri Fahad , Rahman A. F. M. Motiur , Alanazi Fars Kaed , Alkholief Musaed , Kazi Mohsin
Published: June 2019

Background:

The purpose of the current study was to develop a selective, precise, fast economical
and advanced reverse phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC UV)
method and validate it for the simultaneous estimation of cholecalciferol and its analogue 25-
hydroxycholecalciferol in lipid-based self-nano emulsifying formulation (SNEDDS).

Methods:

The chromatographic separation was simply performed on a Dionex® UHPLC systems
(Ultimate 3000, Thermo scientific) by using HSS C18 (2.1x50 mm, 1.8 µm) analytical column. The
elution was carried out isocratically with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and methanol in the
ratio of 50:50 %v/v with a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min, followed by the UV detection at 265 nm. The injection
volume was 1µl and the column temperature was maintained at 45°C. FDA regulatory guidelines
were used to develop and validate the method.

Results:

The current developed UHPLC-UV method was found to be rapid (run time 2 min), and selective
with the high resolution of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (RT=0.530 min & 1.360
min) from different lipid matrices. The method was highly sensitive (Limit of Detection and Lower
Limit of Quantification were 0.13 ppm & 0.51ppm, and 0.15 ppm & 0.54 ppm, respectively). The linearity,
accuracy and precision were determined as suitable over the concentration range of 0.5-50.0 ppm
for both the analytes.

Conclusion:

The proposed UHPLC-UV method can be used for the determination of cholecalciferol
and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in SNEDDS and marketed Vi-De 3® as pure forms (intact) with no interference
of excipients or drug-related substances.
Perspective Design of Chalcones for the Management of CNS Disorders: A Mini-Review
Authors: Mathew Bijo , Parambi Della Grace Thomas , Sivasankarapillai Vishnu Sankar , Uddin Md. Sahab , Suresh Jerad , Mathew Githa Elizabeth , Joy Monu , Marathakam Akash , Gupta Sheeba Varghese
Published: June 2019

:

The development of chalcone-based compounds for CNS disorders has been explored by many research groups. Chalcones are being considered as a potent organic scaffold with widespread applications in the field of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. The planar or semi-planar geometry of chalcones with various functionalities impinged on the terminal aromatic systems renders the molecule its bio-activity including anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antileishmanial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive properties, etc. Moreover, cutting-edge research has been executed in the domain of Central Nervous System (CNS) based scheme, further, their identification and classifications also remain of high interest in the field of medicinal chemistry but the specific reviews are limited. Hence, the present review highlights the significance of chalcones toward their CNS activities (up to 2019), which include anti-depressant activity, anxiolytic activity, activity with GABA receptors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) inhibitions, activity as adenosine receptor antagonists anti-Alzheimer’s agents, β-amyloid plaques imaging agents, monoamine oxidase inhibition. To our knowledge, this is the first review exclusively for CNS activity profile of chalcones.
Home Videos as a Cost-Effective Tool for the Diagnosis of Paroxysmal Events in Infants: Prospective Study
Authors: Huang Lu-Lu , Wang Yang-Yang , Liu Li-Ying , Tang Hong-Ping , Zhang Meng-Na , Ma Shu-Fang , Zou Li-Ping
Published: June 2019

Background

The diagnosis of paroxysmal events in infants is often challenging. Reasons include the child’s inability to express discomfort and the inability to record video electroencephalography at home. The prevalence of mobile phones, which can record videos, may be beneficial to these patients. In China, this advantage may be even more significant given the vast population and the uneven distribution of medical resources.

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the value of mobile phone videos in increasing the diagnostic accuracy and cost savings of paroxysmal events in infants.

Methods

Clinical data, including descriptions and home videos of episodes, from 12 patients with paroxysmal events were collected. The investigation was conducted in six centers during pediatric academic conferences. All 452 practitioners present were asked to make their diagnoses by just the descriptions of the events, and then remake their diagnoses after watching the corresponding home videos of the episodes. The doctor’s information, including educational background, profession, working years, and working hospital level, was also recorded. The cost savings from accurate diagnoses were measured on the basis of using online consultation, which can also be done easily by mobile phone. All data were recorded in the form of questionnaires designed for this study.

Results

We collected 452 questionnaires, 301 of which met the criteria (66.6%) and were analyzed. The mean correct diagnoses with and without videos was 8.4 (SD 1.7) of 12 and 7.5 (SD 1.7) of 12, respectively. For epileptic seizures, mobile phone videos increased the mean accurate diagnoses by 3.9%; for nonepileptic events, it was 11.5% and both were statistically different (P=.006 for epileptic events; P<.001 for nonepileptic events). Pediatric neurologists with longer working years had higher diagnostic accuracy; whereas, their working hospital level and educational background made no difference. For patients with paroxysmal events, at least US $673.90 per capita and US $128 million nationwide could be saved annually, which is 12.02% of the total cost for correct diagnosis.

Conclusions

Home videos made on mobile phones are a cost-effective tool for the diagnosis of paroxysmal events in infants. They can facilitate the diagnosis of paroxysmal events in infants and thereby save costs. The best choice for infants with paroxysmal events on their initial visit is to record their events first and then show the video to a neurologist with longer working years through online consultation.
Readability and Quality of Online Information on Osteoarthritis: An Objective Analysis With Historic Comparison
Authors: Murray Kieran Edward , Murray Timothy Eanna , O'Rourke Anna Caroline , Low Candice , Veale Douglas James
Published: June 2019

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of disability in people older than 65 years. Readability of online OA information has never been assessed. A 2003 study found the quality of online OA information to be poor.

Objective

The aim of this study was to review the readability and quality of current online information regarding OA.

Methods

The term osteoarthritis was searched across the three most popular English language search engines. The first 25 pages from each search engine were analyzed. Duplicate pages, websites featuring paid advertisements, inaccessible pages (behind a pay wall, not available for geographical reasons), and nontext pages were excluded. Readability was measured using Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Gunning-Fog Index. Website quality was scored using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the DISCERN criteria. Presence or absence of the Health On the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode) certification, age of content, content producer, and author characteristics were noted.

Results

A total of 37 unique websites were found suitable for analysis. Readability varied by assessment tool from 8th to 12th grade level. This compares with the recommended 7th to 8th grade level. Of the 37, 1 (2.7%) website met all 4 JAMA criteria. Mean DISCERN quality of information for OA websites was “fair,” compared with the “poor” grading of a 2003 study. HONcode-endorsed websites (43%, 16/37) were of a statistically significant higher quality.

Conclusions

Readability of online health information for OA was either equal to or more difficult than the recommended level.
A Cardiology Handbook App to Improve Medical Education for Internal Medicine Residents: Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Torabi Asad , Khemka Abhishek , Bateman Pantila V
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

At most institutions, internal medicine residents struggle with balancing clinical duties and learning opportunities, particularly during busy cardiology ward rotations. To improve learning experiences for residents, we helped develop a cardiology handbook app to supplement cardiology education.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to report the development, implementation, and preliminary impact of the Krannert Cardiology Handbook app on graduate medical education.

METHODS

In June 2017, 122 residents at Indiana University were invited to download the digital handbook in the Krannert app. The Krannert app featured a total of 13 chapters written by cardiology fellows and faculty at Indiana University. Residents were surveyed on their self-reported improvement in cardiology knowledge and level of satisfaction after using the Krannert app. Residents were also surveyed regarding their preference for a digital handbook app versus a paper handbook.

RESULTS

Of the 122 residents, 38 trainees (31.1%) participated in survey evaluations. Among all respondents, 31 app users (82%) reported that the app helped improve their cardiology knowledge base. The app had an overall favorable response.

CONCLUSIONS

The Krannert app shows promise in augmenting clinical education in cardiology with mobile learning. Future work includes adding new topics, updating the content, and comparing the app to other learning modalities.
Trends in Scientific Reports on Cartilage Bioprinting: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Salvador Vergés Àngels , Yildirim Meltem , Salvador Bertran , Garcia Cuyas Francesc
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Satisfactory therapeutic strategies for cartilaginous lesion repair do not yet exist. This creates a challenge for surgeons and biomedical engineers and leads them to investigate the role of bioprinting and tissue engineering as viable treatments through orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, and otorhinolaryngology. Recent increases in related scientific literature suggest that bioprinted cartilage may develop into a viable solution.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this review were to (1) synthesize the scientific advances published to date, (2) identify unresolved technical problems regarding human application, and (3) identify more effective ways for the scientific community to transfer their findings to clinicians.

METHODS

This scoping review considered articles published between 2009 and 2019 that were identified through searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Arksey and O'Malley’s five-step framework was used to delimit and direct the initial search results, from which we established the following research questions: (1) What do authors of current research say about human application? (2) What necessary technical improvements are identified in the research? (3) On which issues do the authors agree? and (4) What future research priorities emerge in the studies? We used the Cohen kappa statistic to validate the interrater reliability.

RESULTS

The 13 articles included in the review demonstrated the feasibility of cartilage bioprinting in live animal studies. Some investigators are already considering short-term human experimentation, although technical limitations still need to be resolved. Both the use and manufacturing process of stem cells need to be standardized, and a consensus is needed regarding the composition of hydrogels. Using on-site printing strategies and predesigned implants may allow techniques to adapt to multiple situations. In addition, the predictive capacity of implant behavior may lead to optimal results.

CONCLUSIONS

Cartilage bioprinting for surgical applications is nearing its initial use in humans. Current research suggests that surgeons will soon be able to replace damaged tissue with bioprinted material.
Derivation and Validation of a Novel Risk Score to Predict Overcorrection of Severe Hyponatremia
Authors: Woodfine Jason D. , Sood Manish M. , MacMillan Thomas E. , Cavalcanti Rodrigo B. , van Walraven Carl
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives

Osmotic demyelination syndrome is the most concerning complication of severe hyponatremia, occurring with an overly rapid rate of serum sodium correction. There are limited clinical tools to aid in identifying individuals at high risk of overcorrection with severe hyponatremia.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We identified all patients who presented to a tertiary-care hospital emergency department in Ottawa, Canada (catchment area 1.2 million) between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2015, with serum sodium (corrected for glucose levels) <116 mmol/L. Overcorrection was determined using 14 published criteria. Latent class analysis measured the independent association of baseline factors with a consensus overcorrection status on the basis of the 14 criteria, and was summarized as a risk score, which was validated in two cohorts.

Results

A total of 623 patients presented with severe hyponatremia (mean initial value 112 mmol/L; SD 3.2). The prevalence of no, unlikely, possible, and definite overcorrection was 72%, 4%, 10%, and 14%, respectively. Overcorrection was independently associated with decreased level of consciousness (2 points), vomiting (2 points), severe hypokalemia (1 point), hypotonic urine (4 points), volume overload (−5 points), chest tumor (−5 points), patient age (−1 point per decade, over 50 years), and initial sodium level (<110 mmol/L: 4 points; 110–111 mmol/L: 2 points; 112–113 mmol/L: 1 point). These points were summed to create the Severe Hyponatremic Overcorrection Risk (SHOR) score, which was significantly associated with overcorrection status (Spearman correlation 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.49) and was discriminating (average dichotomized c-statistic 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.81). The internal (n=119) and external (n=95) validation cohorts had significantly greater use of desmopressin, which was significantly associated with the SHOR score. The SHOR score was significantly associated with overcorrection status in the internal (P<0.001) but not external (P=0.39) validation cohort.

Conclusions

In patients presenting with severe hyponatremia, overcorrection was common and predictable using baseline information. Further external validation of the SHOR is required before generalized use.
Funciones ejecutivas y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de bachillerato dependiente de una casa hogar
Authors: Manriquez-López Leonardo
Published: June 2019

Aunque se ha investigado la relación entre las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y el rendimiento académico (RA) en diferentes etapas vitales, no hay ninguna sobre dicha relación en el nivel medio superior; lo cual es trascendente por incluir una época vital de transición para el desarrollo neuropsicológico frontal. Esto se indago en el presente trabajo. Para ello se aplicó la Batería Neuropsicológica de Funciones Ejecutivas a 50 estudiantes de un bachillerato dependiente de una casa hogar, que cuenta con población interna y externa. Se realizaron análisis de correlación y comparación intragrupales, de tipo no paramétrico, entre las dimensiones y tareas de funcionamiento ejecutivo, las medidas de rendimiento académico, y la condición de los estudiantes (internos vs externos) y otras variables demográficas. Se encontraron correlaciones distintas entre las FE de Inhibición, Memoria de Trabajo y Flexibilidad Mental, con los tipos de RA (álgebra, expresión oral y escrita, y tronco común) y con las variables demográficas (género, especialidad y condición); sin embargo, los análisis intragrupales por niveles de desempeño (bajo, medio y alto) arrojaron menos relaciones de significancia entre las variables; siendo las diferencias intragrupales en el RA en álgebra el resultado más constante.
Magnitudes y medidas: un recorrido de estudio e investigación para la práctica profesional
Authors: Gomes da Silva José Valério , Dias Marlene Alves
Published: June 2019

La presente investigación tiene como objeto identificar las relaciones institucionales esperadas y existentes para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las nociones de área y perímetro para comprobar cómo estudiantes y profesionales del campo de la construcción civil utilizan estos conocimientos en tareas contextualizadas, cuando estos trabajan en situaciones adidácticas, utilizando distintas fuentes de ayuda al estudio. El marco teórico es el de la teoría antropológica de lo didáctico. La investigación se divide en tres fases: una investigación documental; entrevistas semiestructuradas y una intervención piloto del un recorrido de estudio e investigación. Los resultados demuestran que se privilegian las situaciones de medida que implican área y perímetro, evidencia de la importancia de las matemáticas en sus estudios y profesiones. La intervención expone dificultades de disociación entre área y perímetro, de atribución de unidades de medida y del uso de estimaciones para dichas nociones.
Questioning the world by questioning the exam
Authors: Jessen Britta Eyrich
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the role of the exam and its impact on the teaching of mathematics using the notion of levels of codetermination from the anthropological theory of the didactics. It is argued that a discussion of exam in relation to study and research paths is crucial in order to succeed in changing the current teaching paradigm from “visiting monuments” to “questioning the world”.
Du logos des organisations algorithmiques dans l’enseignement secondaire
Authors: Strock Jean-Marcel , Artaud Michèle
Published: June 2019

En France, l’algorithmique est inscrite dans les domaines à enseigner au lycée officiellement depuis 2009 et elle figure au programme du collège qui entrera en vigueur en 2016. L’examen des praxéologies à enseigner montre que celles-ci souffrent d’un déficit technologico-théorique qui n’est pas sans conséquences sur leur écologie au sein des systèmes didactiques. Notre communication mettra en évidence ce déficit sur un type de tâches, Faire fonctionner un algorithme, qui sera considéré comme exemple générique. Elle donnera des ingrédients de nature à compléter le logos de la praxéologie algorithmique à enseigner autour de ce type de tâches en s’appuyant sur une étude menée en master (Strock, 2013).
Enseignement et apprentissage de l’algèbre abstraite à l’Université : vers un paradigme du questionnement du monde
Authors: Hausberger Thomas
Published: June 2019

Nous discutons dans cet article ce que pourrait être l’étude de l’algèbre abstraite à l’Université dans le paradigme du questionnement du monde. Ceci nous amène à distinguer des approches « top-down » et « bottom-up » de l’enseignement des structures algébriques et à considérer des praxéologies particulières en algèbre abstraite que nous nommons « praxéologies structuralistes ». À partir de notre modèle épistémologique de référence, nous soutenons le point de vue qu’un questionnement du monde en algèbre abstraite doit s’apparenter à un parcours d’étude et de recherche qui présente une bonne vitalité des dialectiques fondamentales particulier-général et objets-structures. Nous illustrons ce point de vue sur un exemple présentant un usage innovant d’une retranscription d’échanges sur un forum et nous discutons la pertinence et les difficultés d’une telle approche
PERILAKU KONSUMTIF IBU RUMAH TANGGA (PERSPEKTIF SYARI’AT ISLAM)
Authors: Asaad Hj. A Sukmawati
Published: June 2019

Indonesia's economic growth in the developed and developing carry capita income of Indonesia's population also increased, causing living standards increasingly prosperous population. It is affected by the person's shopping behavior patterns including housewives as a family financial management, in addition to the shopping places are comfortable and provide all the needs of consumers influence consumer behavior. In Islamic Sharia, one of the functions treasure as jewelry, treasure the jewelry world are only temporary and for that reason, as a Muslim should be able to utilize the property as well as possible to worship Allah Swt.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA LARAS HUKUM PADA PUTUSAN PERKARA EKONOMI SYARIAH PENGADILAN AGAMA MAKASSAR
Authors: Rustan Edhy
Published: June 2019

This study aims to describe the forms of error in using Indonesian language in the legal ruling on sharia economic cases in the Makassar Religious Court. Research is a descriptive qualitative research that is documentative or library research. The data in this study are the use of legal language on the decisions of sharia economic cases number 73 / Pdt.G / 2015 / PA. Mks. Makassar Religious Court. Data collection is done through documentation techniques, by examining a number of references to the use of legal languages, both in the form of books, journals, magazines, newspapers, research reports, and legal documents that are relevant to the problems under study. Recording, namely the author records all matters relating to the phenomenon of legal language usage, which is obtained from the decisions of the Makassar Religious Court and relevant documents, into the notebook prepared in the form of a body of data. The steps of data analysis, namely (1) Identifying the legal language that has experienced an error, (2) Classifying the form of sentence writing errors in the decision of the sharia economic case of the Makassar Religious Court, (3) Analyzing the form of sentence using the Indonesian language in economic case decisions Makassar Islamic sharia, (4) Describe any form of language use error accompanied by descriptions or explanations. The results of the study showed that the Indonesian sentence in the law in the sharia economic decision of the Makassar Religious Court experienced structural errors as a result of not having the function of the subject in sentences, and improper use of conjunctions, and not paying attention to punctuation, diction, ambiguous words, use of redundant words, and adjust the context of the case with the right reasoning pattern. As a result of these errors, the meaning of the sentence becomes ambiguous, making it difficult for the reader to understand. Apart from that, sentence structure errors can cause differences in the meaning that is generated in a decision
The National Treatment Purchase Fund – A success for some patients yet a public policy failure?
Authors: Burke Sara , Brugha Ruairí , Thomas Steve
Published: June 2019

In 2002 the Irish Government announced the establishment of the National Treatment Purchase Fund (NTPF) as a means of addressing patients’ long wait times for public hospital treatment. A new health strategy published in December 2001 promised that ‘by the end of 2004 all public patients will be scheduled to commence treatment within a maximum of three months of referral from an outpatient department’. Qualitative methods, including documentary analysis and key informant interviews, were used to gain an understanding of this policy process. The findings were then analysed through the framework proposed for this special issue where ideas, institutions and politics interact. Using McConnell’s typology of policy failure, this research finds the NTPF to be an example of a policy failure because, even though tens of thousands of public patients have been treated under the NTPF, waiting times and numbers have persisted and escalated since the NTPF was established.
A JobBridge to nowhere: The National Internship Scheme as fast policy leading to bad policy
Authors: Arlow Jonathan
Published: June 2019

JobBridge, the Irish National Internship Scheme, was a labour activation measure launched in July 2011, during a period of extreme economic crisis, and was marketed as a chance for young people to gain career experience in quality work placements. Over 60 per cent of participants found employment after leaving the scheme but it suffered from high deadweight losses and was widely criticised as exploitative during its existence. This was quite predictable, which leaves the puzzle as to why JobBridge was designed without more regulations to protect the entry-level jobs market and the interests of the unemployed? This paper will trace the processes behind this suboptimal decision-making. First, it will show the institutional factors influencing poor policy decisions on labour activation. Then it will explain the main incentives behind an under-regulated programme, which were the need to develop a workable scheme as quickly as possible and to do this without significant funding. Finally, it will show how the decision-making process prioritised the interests of the Labour Party, government, business and the concerned parents of unemployed youth over the interests of the unemployed.
Public policy failure in healthcare: The effect of salary reduction for new entrant consultants on recruitment in public hospitals
Authors: Kiernan Fiona
Published: June 2019

Policies fail or succeed for many reasons. These reasons include the decisionmaking process, which depends on the interplay of interests, as well as ideology and information. While bearing in mind that perception is often allimportant in deciding if a policy is a success or failure, this paper examines the policy failure of the 2012 decision to reduce salaries for new entrant consultants in Irish public hospitals. This salary reduction resulted in difficulties recruiting and retaining hospital consultants in the public sector. Firstly, the timeline and context of the decision are explored, taking into account the financial crisis at the time. This leads on to an examination of why this decision was made. It appears likely that self-interest on the part of the Minister for Health was a factor, and that self-interest on the part of the medical unions prevented reasonable discourse. The ideology of austerity was a predominant theme of government budgets in 2012; however, this ideology was also influential in creating an environment that allowed blame for public sector pay to be focused predominantly at public hospital consultants. Finally, I find problems with the information used in decision-making for the policy. This is evident from the irrational beliefs held by policymakers on the likelihood of recruiting consultants with lower salaries.
Public service integration in hard times: Merging unemployment benefit and labour market activation measures
Authors: Köppe Stephan , MacCarthaigh Muiris
Published: June 2019

The creation of Intreo as a one-stop shop for jobseekers in Ireland occurred during the financial and sovereign debt crisis period of 2010–16. The organisational merger was the product of an extensive programme of successful administrative reorganisation and service integration that deserves attention. This article begins with an overview of the policy to merge insurance-based unemployment benefit, discretionary social welfare payments and labour market activation measures, as well as the various political and institutional rationales that led to this development. Drawing on the special issue framework concerning how the interaction of ideology, institutions and interests comes into play during policy change, we consider the contextual factors that facilitated the rapid implementation of the programme and its overall successful execution. Whilst focusing on the success, we also critically point out the inhibitors in the implementation chain, some of which predated the crisis, as well as problems during the implementation process, such as delays in the national rollout and back-office supports. We identify the main contributing factors for successful implementation of a one-stop shop for activation and unemployment services as (a) a high problem pressure, (b) a small and agile implementation team, (c) changing labour relations (e.g. binding arbitration, weakened unions) and (d) a modern communication strategy.
Physiological Aspects and Injuries in Mixed Martial Arts
Authors: Schlegel Petr , Křehký Adam
Published: June 2019

Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) has become an independent sport discipline with its own distinctive aspects. It can no longer be perceived as before, as a compilation of other martial arts. MMA shows originality in training methods, health aspects, performance requirements or even moral-volitional qualities. The aim of the paper is to analyse the physiological aspects of MMA in both training and combat loads, to discuss the issue of injuries in MMA and to provide a comparison with other martial arts. Studies focusing directly on MMA wrestlers have been selected. These have included both amateur and professional athletes. The databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scholar were used as sources. MMA ranks among sports with high-intensity workload, wrestlers achieve high levels of lactate and other metabolic markers. They need above-average aerobic capacity and perform well in upper body strength tests. Injury rates in MMA do not differ significantly from those in professional-level martial arts. Most injuries are associated with lacerations on the head. The requirements of extensive workload during performance must be reflected in training. Encouragement of aerobic and anaerobic endurance abilities in conjunction with optimum strength training seems crucial. It is essential to include prophylaxis as regards head concussions and strive for maximum safety of the sportsman during combat. Further research is required to confirm some of the conclusions, the limitations of which are due to the number and quality of the selected studies.
Human impact of septic tank effluent on groundwater quality in the rural area of Ain Soltane (Ain Defla), Algieria
Authors: Bouderbala Abdelkader
Published: June 2019

The impact of individual septic tank effluent on groundwater quality was investigated in the rural area of the Ain Soltane municipality in Algeria. This area has an important number of individual septic tanks, and it is devoid of a drinking water supply and sewerage systems. The septic tank is a pre-treatment solution of sewage by bacteria living without oxygen (anaerobic). The alluvial aquifer in this area is covered by a layer of good permeability on the surface, which can pollute groundwater by vertical transport of pollutants through the soil, including microbial contamination. Groundwater samples were collected from 33 wells in the dry period of 2016. The monitoring of groundwater quality has shown a significant degree of organic and inorganic pollution in the majority of wells, with very high concentrations of sulphate and chloride exceeding 450 mg/l and 250 mg/l respectively. The analyzes also show the presence of bacterial germs in the groundwater of which the origin is faecal (faecal coliform densities are above 10 organisms per 100 ml, and the Total Streptococcus is more than 240 colonies per 100 ml). Monitoring confirms the contamination of these wells from septic tanks and that it was moving into groundwater, which makes it unfit for drinking due to the pathogenic germs. This poses a major problem for public health. This study has identified the effects of septic tank effluent on groundwater quality in this area.
An overview of the experimental research use of lysimeters
Authors: Sołtysiak Marek , Rakoczy Michał
Published: June 2019

The lysimeter is most often defined as a box filled with soil with an intact structure for measuring the amount of infiltration and evapotranspiration in natural conditions. At the bottom of the device there is an outflow for atmospheric precipitation water infiltrating to a measuring container. Lysimeter studies are included in the group of dynamic leaching tests in which the leaching solution is added in a specified volume over a specific period of time. Lysimeter studies find applications in, amongst others, agrotechnics, hydrogeology and geochemistry. Lysimeter tests may vary in terms of the type of soil used (anthropogenic soil, natural soil), sample size, leaching solution, duration of the research and the purpose for conducting it. Lysimeter experiments provide more accurate results for leaching tests compared with static leaching tests. Unlike several-day tests, they should last for at least a year. There are about 2,500 lysimeters installed in nearly 200 stations around Europe. The vast majority of these (84%) are non-weighing lysimeters. There are a few challenges for lysimeter research mostly connected with the construction of the lysimeter, estimating leaching results and calibrating numerical transport models with data obtained from lysimeters. This review is devoted to the analysis of the principal types of lysimeters described in the literature within the context of their application. The aim of this study is to highlight the role of lysimeters in leaching studies.