bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrusion Detection Systems Based on Logarithmic Autoencoder and XGBoost
Authors: Xu Wenfeng , Fan Yongxian
Published: April 2022

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a network security device that performs real-time monitoring of network transmissions and sends out alarms or takes active response measures when suspicious transmissions are found. In this regard, many researches have combined traditional machine learning models with other optimization algorithms to improve intrusion detection performance. However, although the existing intrusion detection model can effectively improve the performance of the model, there are still problems such as unsatisfactory detection accuracy and data preprocessing operations that may lead to a decrease in accuracy. To solve this problem, in this paper, we have proposed a novel intrusion detection system model based on logarithmic autoencoder (LogAE) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). First, we build LogAE to learn the hidden features of the input data to reconstruct new data similar to the training samples, with the purpose of highlighting important features. It is worth mentioning that LogAE is not necessary to normalize the training data. This is because we add a logarithmic layer to learn this mapping. Then, XGBoost is used as a classifier to identify the data set that combines the original data set with the generated data set. In the experiment, our proposed model is evaluated on the UNSW-NB15 data set and CICIDS2017 data set. Additionally, we use accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, and runtime as evaluation metrics. For detection performance, the detection accuracy of our proposed model is 95.11% for UNSW-NB15 and 99.92% for CICIDS2017, which is better than most state-of-the-art intrusion detection methods. Meantime, the runtime of our proposed model is the lowest for UNSW-NB15.
Congestion and Computer Program Control Algorithm Strategy for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Cloud Model
Authors: Xiao Fei
Published: April 2022

Cloud model and sensor network are the research hotspots in recent years. This paper proposes a congestion and rate control strategy for wireless sensor networks based on cloud model. It adjusts the input rate of nodes based on cloud model through node congestion detection. Aiming at the problem of network congestion control, two congestion adjustment algorithms based on red are improved. Congestion threshold and congestion degree are used as the basis of packet transmission rate adjustment to realize network support plug control. In this paper, the congestion control strategy NP starts to alleviate congestion at about 40 s and controls the packet loss rate at about 116 packets/s, which is 45.3% lower than the multipath congestion control strategy and is more stable. However, when

β
=
0

, the packet loss rate of the double congestion threshold algorithm is 20% lower than that of the single congestion threshold algorithm. The reason is that the double congestion threshold algorithm allows a stronger source rate control mechanism earlier than the single congestion threshold algorithm a large number of packets are lost in a point, but this also makes the network performance relatively low.
A Network Pharmacology Approach for Uncovering the Antitumor Effects and Potential Mechanisms of the Sijunzi Decoction for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ding Pengpeng , Guo Yutong , Wang Canghai , Chen Jianhong , Guo Chunmei , Liu Hong , Shi Qi
Published: April 2022

Background. Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), a classic Chinese formula, has been clinically used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. However, few studies have uncovered its antitumor effects and its potential mechanisms against gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, this work aimed to identify the active compounds and putative targets of the SJZD and to further explore the potential mechanisms involved in the treatment of GC. Materials and Methods. The active compounds and potential targets of the SJZD and related genes for GC treatment were collected from a public database. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-compound-target-disease networks, Venn diagrams, protein–protein interactions (PPIs), gene ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to obtain the bioactive compounds, key targets, and potential pathways. Next, the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line NUGC-4 was inoculated subcutaneously into the right flank of NCG mice to build a tumor-bearing mouse model to further verify the findings. Results. There were 117 compounds in the SJZD in total. The SJZD and GC had 161 and 3288 potential targets, respectively, among which 123 targets overlapped. The network analysis showed that quercetin, kaempferol formononetin, ginsenoside, atractylenolide III, etc., were bioactive molecules. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were potential targets. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed 110 pathways involved in the pathways for cancer, including the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Validation experiments showed that the SJZD inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in tumor cells. In addition, the SJZD downregulated expressions of VEGFA, iNOS, COX-2, and Bax/Bcl2 and inhibited the expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Conclusion. The SJZD treats GC by inhibiting blood vessel hyperplasia and inducing cell apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Complementary Feeding Practices and Household Food Insecurity Status of Children Aged 6–23 Months in Shashemene City West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Junayde Abdurahmen , Sadeta Kebede Kumsa , Lembo Kelil Hussen
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Appropriate infant feeding practices are critical to a child’s growth, health, and development during the first 1000 days of life. One in every six children worldwide receives a minimum acceptable diet. According to the EDHS 2016, the status of the minimum acceptable diet was 7 percent among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. The study sought to ascertain the relationship between complementary feeding (CF) indicators and household food insecurity in children aged 6–23 months. Methods. A systematic sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of 536 mother-child pairs aged 6–23 months. The 24-hour dietary recall was used to collect data on CF practices using face-to-face interviews with socioeconomic and food security questionnaires. The relationship between complementary feeding indicators and household food insecurity was investigated using logistic regression analysis. The relationship between independent variables and complementary feeding indicators was determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results. Overall, a total of 67.9% of children received timely introduction of CF and Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), and Minimum Acceptable Diet were met by 61.7%, 42.5%, and 41.7%, respectively. Result of multivariate logistic regression showed there is significant association between household food security with MMF, MDD, and MAD [AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: (1.25–3.24); AOR: 1.55, 95% CI: (1.02–2.36); and AOR: 1.62, 9595% CI: (1.06–2.47)], respectively, while there was no association with introduction of CF [AOR = 0.87, 95% CI: (0.55–1.39)]. Conclusion. This study revealed that the rates of MMF, MDD, and MAD remained low in this study setting. Household socioeconomic status (wealth index, food security status, household income) and child age were found to be among the factors statistically significantly associated with complementary feeding practices indicators.
MeQryEP: A Texture Based Descriptor for Biomedical Image Retrieval
Authors: Deep G. , Kaur J. , Singh Simar Preet , Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Kumar Manoj , Kautish Sandeep
Published: April 2022

Image texture analysis is a dynamic area of research in computer vision and image processing, with applications ranging from medical image analysis to image segmentation to content-based image retrieval and beyond. “Quinary encoding on mesh patterns (MeQryEP)” is a new approach to extracting texture features for indexing and retrieval of biomedical images, which is implemented in this work. An extension of the previous study, this research investigates the use of local quinary patterns (LQP) on mesh patterns in three different orientations. To encode the gray scale relationship between the central pixel and its surrounding neighbors in a two-dimensional (2D) local region of an image, binary and nonbinary coding, such as local binary patterns (LBP), local ternary patterns (LTP), and LQP, are used, while the proposed strategy uses three selected directions of mesh patterns to encode the gray scale relationship between the surrounding neighbors for a given center pixel in a 2D image. An innovative aspect of the proposed method is that it makes use of mesh image structure quinary pattern features to encode additional spatial structure information, resulting in better retrieval. On three different kinds of benchmark biomedical data sets, analyses have been completed to assess the viability of MeQryEP. LIDC-IDRI-CT and VIA/I–ELCAP-CT are the lung image databases based on computed tomography (CT), while OASIS-MRI is a brain database based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This method outperforms state-of-the-art texture extraction methods, such as LBP, LQEP, LTP, LMeP, LMeTerP, DLTerQEP, LQEQryP, and so on in terms of average retrieval precision (ARP) and average retrieval rate (ARR).
Method and System for Detecting and Recognizing Floating Garbage Moving Targets on Water Surface with Big Data Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Yang Weihuang , Wang Rongxia , Li Lvsheng
Published: April 2022

At present, the methods for cleaning up floating objects in small water areas such as campus artificial lakes and community sightseeing artificial lakes are mainly to use traditional tools such as hand-held nets to remove them. There are disadvantages such as unclean cleaning, long time-consuming, low efficiency, and high labor intensity. The habit and tradition of allowing the ocean to accept human waste have made almost all sea areas on the planet now full of garbage, from the poles to the equator, from coastal bays to submarine riverbeds. The accumulation of marine litter, especially plastic litter, is considered to be an urgent global environmental problem along with many important issues of our time. In this paper, three typical working environments with good vision, more reflections in the water, and strong light interference are performed to identify floating objects. Each working environment has 100 images to be tested, a total of 300 images, and read the next image after processing one image. The detection rates under the three working environments were 93%, 96%, and 74%, and the average detection rate was 84.3%.
Caspase 9b Drives Cellular Transformation, Lung Inflammation, and Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Kim Minjung , Vu Ngoc T. , Wang Xue , Bulut Gamze B. , Wang Min-Hsuan , Uram-Tuculescu Cora , Pillappa Raghavendra , Kim Sungjune , Chalfant Charles E.
Published: April 2022

Caspase 9 undergoes alternative splicing to produce two opposing isoforms: proapoptotic Caspase 9a and pro-survival Caspase 9b (C9b). Previously, our laboratory reported that C9b is expressed in majority of non–small cell lung cancer tumors and directly activates the NF-κB pathway. In this study, the role of C9b in activation of the NF-κB pathway in vivo, lung inflammation and immune responses, and lung tumorigenesis were examined. Specifically, a transgenic mouse model expressing human C9b in the lung pneumocytes developed inflammatory lung lesions, which correlated with enhanced activation of the NF-κB pathway and increased influx of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells in contrast to wild-type mice. C9b mice presented with facial dermatitis, a thickened and disorganized dermis, enhanced collagen depth, and increased serum levels of IL6. C9b mice also developed spontaneous lung tumors, and C9b cooperated with oncogenic KRAS in lung tumorigenesis. C9b expression also cooperated with oncogenic KRAS and p53 downregulation to drive the full cell transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells (e.g., tumor formation).

Implications:

Our findings show that C9b can directly activate NF-κB pathway in vivo to modulate lung inflammation, immune cell influx, and peripheral immune responses, which demonstrates that C9b is key factor in driving cell transformation and lung tumorigenesis.
Strategies to Identify and Recruit Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer to a Randomized Controlled Trial of Web-based Decision Support Tools
Authors: McGuinness Julia E. , Bhatkhande Gauri , Amenta Jacquelyn , Silverman Thomas , Mata Jennie , Guzman Ashlee , He Ting , Dimond Jill , Jones Tarsha , Kukafka Rita , Crew Katherine D.
Published: April 2022

We evaluated strategies to identify and recruit a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of women at high-risk for breast cancer to a randomized controlled trial (RCT). We enrolled 300 high-risk women and 50 healthcare providers to a RCT of standard educational materials alone or in combination with web-based decision support tools. We implemented five strategies to identify high-risk women: (i) recruitment among patients previously enrolled in a study evaluating breast cancer risk; (ii) automated breast cancer risk calculation using information extracted from the electronic health record (EHR); (iii) identification of women with atypical hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9/10 diagnostic codes; (iv) clinical encounters with enrolled healthcare providers; (v) recruitment flyers/online resources. Breast cancer risk was calculated using either the Gail or Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) models. We identified 6,229 high-risk women and contacted 3,459 (56%), of whom 17.2% were identified from prior study cohort, 37.5% through EHR risk information, 14.8% with atypical hyperplasia/LCIS, 29.0% by clinical encounters, and 1.5% through recruitment flyers. Women from the different recruitment sources varied by age and 5-year invasive breast cancer risk. Of 300 enrolled high-risk women, 44.7% came from clinical encounters and 27.3% from prior study cohort. Comparing enrolled with not-enrolled participants, there were significant differences in mean age (57.2 vs. 59.1 years), proportion of non-Whites (41.5% vs. 54.8%), and mean 5-year breast cancer risk (3.0% vs. 2.3%). We identified and successfully recruited diverse high-risk women from multiple sources. These strategies may be implemented in future breast cancer chemoprevention trials.

Prevention Relevance:

We describe five strategies to identify and successfully recruit a large cohort of racially/ethnically diverse high-risk women from multiple sources to a randomized controlled trial evaluating interventions to increase chemoprevention uptake. Findings could inform recruitment efforts for future breast cancer prevention trials to increase recruitment yield of high-risk women.
Precision Combination Therapies Based on Recurrent Oncogenic Coalterations
Authors: Li Xubin , Dowling Elisabeth K. , Yan Gonghong , Dereli Zeynep , Bozorgui Behnaz , Imanirad Parisa , Elnaggar Jacob H. , Luna Augustin , Menter David G. , Pilié Patrick G. , Yap Timothy A. , Kopetz Scott , Sander Chris , Korkut Anil
Published: April 2022

Cancer cells depend on multiple driver alterations whose oncogenic effects can be suppressed by drug combinations. Here, we provide a comprehensive resource of precision combination therapies tailored to oncogenic coalterations that are recurrent across patient cohorts. To generate the resource, we developed Recurrent Features Leveraged for Combination Therapy (REFLECT), which integrates machine learning and cancer informatics algorithms. Using multiomic data, the method maps recurrent coalteration signatures in patient cohorts to combination therapies. We validated the REFLECT pipeline using data from patient-derived xenografts, in vitro drug screens, and a combination therapy clinical trial. These validations demonstrate that REFLECT-selected combination therapies have significantly improved efficacy, synergy, and survival outcomes. In patient cohorts with immunotherapy response markers, DNA repair aberrations, and HER2 activation, we have identified therapeutically actionable and recurrent coalteration signatures. REFLECT provides a resource and framework to design combination therapies tailored to tumor cohorts in data-driven clinical trials and preclinical studies.

Significance:

We developed the predictive bioinformatics platform REFLECT and a multiomics- based precision combination therapy resource. The REFLECT-selected therapies lead to significant improvements in efficacy and patient survival in preclinical and clinical settings. Use of REFLECT can optimize therapeutic benefit through selection of drug combinations tailored to molecular signatures of tumors.

See related commentary by Pugh and Haibe-Kains, p. 1416.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1397
The Tankyrase Inhibitor OM-153 Demonstrates Antitumor Efficacy and a Therapeutic Window in Mouse Models
Authors: Brinch Shoshy A. , Amundsen-Isaksen Enya , Espada Sandra , Hammarström Clara , Aizenshtadt Aleksandra , Olsen Petter A. , Holmen Lone , Høyem Merete , Scholz Hanne , Grødeland Gunnveig , Sowa Sven T. , Galera-Prat Albert , Lehtiö Lari , Meerts Ilonka A.T.M. , Leenders Ruben G.G. , Wegert Anita , Krauss Stefan , Waaler Jo
Published: April 2022

The catalytic enzymes tankyrase 1 and 2 (TNKS1/2) alter protein turnover by poly-ADP-ribosylating target proteins, which earmark them for degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasomal system. Prominent targets of the catalytic activity of TNKS1/2 include AXIN proteins, resulting in TNKS1/2 being attractive biotargets for addressing of oncogenic WNT/β-catenin signaling. Although several potent small molecules have been developed to inhibit TNKS1/2, there are currently no TNKS1/2 inhibitors available in clinical practice. The development of tankyrase inhibitors has mainly been disadvantaged by concerns over biotarget-dependent intestinal toxicity and a deficient therapeutic window. Here we show that the novel, potent, and selective 1,2,4-triazole–based TNKS1/2 inhibitor OM-153 reduces WNT/β-catenin signaling and tumor progression in COLO 320DM colon carcinoma xenografts upon oral administration of 0.33–10 mg/kg twice daily. In addition, OM-153 potentiates anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibition and antitumor effect in a B16-F10 mouse melanoma model. A 28-day repeated dose mouse toxicity study documents body weight loss, intestinal damage, and tubular damage in the kidney after oral–twice daily administration of 100 mg/kg. In contrast, mice treated oral–twice daily with 10 mg/kg show an intact intestinal architecture and no atypical histopathologic changes in other organs. In addition, clinical biochemistry and hematologic analyses do not identify changes indicating substantial toxicity. The results demonstrate OM-153–mediated antitumor effects and a therapeutic window in a colon carcinoma mouse model ranging from 0.33 to at least 10 mg/kg, and provide a framework for using OM-153 for further preclinical evaluations.

Significance:

This study uncovers the effectiveness and therapeutic window for a novel tankyrase inhibitor in mouse tumor models.
Time Spent Away from Bed to Maintain Swallowing Function in Older Adults
Authors: Ishii Miki , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Yoshimi Kanako , Okumura Takuma , Hasegawa Shohei , Yamaguchi Kohei , Nakane Ayako , Tamai Tomoe , Nagasawa Yuki , Yoshizawa Akira , Tohara Haruka
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the associations of time spent away from bed with whole-body muscle mass and swallowing function in older adults with low activities of daily living (ADL). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Tokyo Medical and Dental University and included adults over 65 years of age who underwent a medical intervention at their residence. Data regarding age, sex, body height and weight, activity status, medical history, time spent away from bed, and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) were collected. We calculated the body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, whole-body muscle mass, the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and the trunk muscle mass index (TMI). According to the time spent away from bed, the subjects were grouped as follows: <4 but ≥0 h (S), <6 but ≥4 h (M), and ≥6 h (L). These variables were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the χ2 test, then differences among the three groups were examined. To adjust for confounding factors, we performed multiple regression analysis with ASMI and TMI as the dependent variables and ordinal logistic regression analysis with FOIS as the objective variable. Results: Ninety subjects (male: n = 42; female: n = 48; mean age = 82.9 ± 8.8 years, and groups S: n = 23; M: n = 30; L: n = 37) were analyzed. Group L had a significantly higher ASMI, TMI, and FOIS score than groups S and M, while group M had a significantly higher ASMI and FOIS score than group S. After adjusting for confounding factors, the significant explanatory factors for ASMI were sex, activity status, time spent away from bed, and TMI. The factors for TMI were activity status, time spent away from bed, ASMI, and FOIS. The factors for FOIS were time spent away from bed and TMI. Conclusion: Spending 4 or more hours away from the bed is related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass and FOIS, while spending 6 or more hours is related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass, trunk muscle mass, and FOIS in this population. These findings highlight factors that can prevent a decline in swallowing function in the daily life of older adults with low ADL who have difficulty performing exercises to preserve swallowing function.
Risk Stratification of Pleural Fluid Cytology Based on the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Bharti Sushma , Nalwa Aasma , Elhence Poonam Abhay , Rao Meenakshi , Bharti Jyotsna Naresh , Khera Sudeep , Vedant Deepak , Vishwajeet Vikarn , Goel Akhil
Published: April 2022

Background: The International Academy of Cytology and the American Society of Cytopathology proposed the international system for reporting serous fluid cytology (TISRSFC) in 2019 to form uniform reporting terminologies for fluid cytology. This system defines a spectrum of diagnostic categories to be used in daily clinical practice. Fluid cytology is a widely accepted, cost-effective, minimally invasive earliest diagnostic method for the investigation that aids management decisions. The present study aims to reclassify pleural fluid cytology and calculate the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category. Material and Methods: It is a retrospective 2 years observational study comprising 690 pleural fluid specimens. Retrospective reviews were performed, and cases were reclassified into five categories as per TISRSFC. Immunohistochemistry was applied whenever needed. Cytological diagnosis was correlated with respective histopathology and/or clinical and/or radiological diagnosis. ROM was calculated for all diagnostic categories. Results: In the present study of 690 cases, 7.97% were non-diagnostic (ND), 84.1% cases were negative for malignancy (NFM), 0.87% were atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 1.16% were suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and 5.94% were malignant (MAL). Cell blocks were prepared in 33 (4.8%) cases and immunohistochemistry was applied in 7 cases. The commonest site for pleural fluid metastasis was the lungs, accounting for 4.64% (32/690) cases. Further, ROM was calculated for all diagnostic categories as follows: (1) ND: 30.9%, (2) NFM: 12.9%, (3) AUS: 100%, (4) SFM: 100%, and (5) MAL: 90.2%. Conclusion: Cytological examination of pleural fluids is an accurate, prompt, and affordable technique. This standardized ISRSFC reporting system will maintain uniformity and reproducibility in reporting, leading to improved clinical decision-making of pleural fluids.
Effect of Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Very Preterm Infant Growth: Secondary Outcome of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Angoa Georgina , Pronovost Etienne , Ndiaye Aissatou Bintou Khairy Thilor , Lavoie Pascal M. , Lemyre Brigitte , Mohamed Ibrahim , Simonyan David , Qureshi Mosarrat , Afifi Jehier , Yusuf Kamran , Sériès Thibaut , Guillot Mireille , Piedboeuf Bruno , Fraser William Donald , Nuyt Anne-Monique , Mâsse Benoît , Lacaze-Masmonteil Thierry , Marc Isabelle
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during lactation, compared with a placebo, on the neonatal growth profile of breastfed very preterm infants. Methods: Preterm infants’ growth profile, growth velocity from birth to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA), and growth at 36 weeks’ PMA were pre-specified secondary outcomes of a randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in 16 Canadian neonatal intensive care units (2015–2018). Lactating mothers who delivered before 29 weeks’ gestation were given 1.2 g of DHA daily or a placebo within 72 h of delivery and up to 36 weeks’ PMA. Analyses were performed using a linear regression model with generalized estimating equations. Results: 461 mothers and their 528 infants (DHA, N = 273; placebo, N = 255) were included with mean gestational age of 26.5 weeks (standard deviation [SD] = 1.6); 275 (52.1%) were males; mean birth weight was 895 g (SD = 240). DHA interaction with sex was significant on weight profile (interaction p < 0.001), weight velocity (interaction p = 0.05), and weight at 36 weeks’ PMA (interaction p = 0.02). Females in the DHA group gained more weight compared to the placebo group (mean difference [MD], 52.6 g [95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.5–80.8], p < 0.001). Weight velocity was significantly higher in females of the DHA group (MD, 3.4 g/kg/day [95% CI: 0.6–6.2], p = 0.02). At 36 weeks’ PMA, the weight of males in the DHA group was significantly smaller (MD, −88.9 g [95% CI: −166.2 to −11.6], p = 0.02). Conclusion: DHA positively affected female infants’ neonatal weight profile and velocity and negatively affected male infants’ weight at 36 weeks’ PMA.
The Role of Environmental Accounting in Social Responsibility with the Classical and Contemporary Maqashid Sharia Approach
Authors: Haryati Tantina
Published: April 2022

The role of environmental accounting is reflected in all activities related to its social responsibility to the environment. Universities are mirrors and printers of the younger generation that produce dignified and well-behaved people in managing their environment. The classical Islamic perspective states that environmental social responsibility is by the concept of fiqh al-biah. While the contemporary Islamic perspective refers to the concept of Jasser Auda, namely Hifdz al-huquq al Insan. This research uses qualitative research with phenomenology approach. The object of this research is the role of environmental accounting in social responsibility with a classical and contemporary maqashid sharia approach. The objectives of this study are 1) To obtain empirical evidence of the role of environmental accounting in social responsibility with a classical maqashid sharia approach. 2) To obtain empirical evidence of the role of environmental accounting in social responsibility with a contemporary maqashid sharia approach. The results of this study indicate that 1) Environmental accounting plays an active role in social responsibility with a classical Islamic perspective, namely maqashid sharia: fiqh al-biah. 2) Contemporary views indicate a stronger role in the implementation of environmental management, especially in the hifdz al-huquq al-Insan approach (human rights protection).
Issues and Challenges of Adoption of IFRS for SMEs in Malaysia
Authors: Vendy Vicky , Sucahyati Diarany
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to look into issues and challenges associated with the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium Enterprises (IFRS for SMEs) or so-called MPERS (Malaysian Private Entity Reporting System). Using keywords like "IFRS for SMEs," "MPERS in Malaysia," and so on, this study examines existing literature in the form of articles in the Emerald database, as well as press releases and publications published by the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA). The MPERS version of IFRS is a shortened version of the complete IFRS. It reduces the substance of the whole IFRS by about 85%. Certain topics are excluded because they are not normally relevant to SMEs. SMEs, on the other hand, still consider IFRS for SMEs to be excessively complicated. MPERS is a performance-based standard, not a cost-based one. Almost everything must be of reasonable value. As a result, businesses owning investment properties or biological assets will have to pay extra for the valuation of these assets at fair value. For preparers, there are two major obstacles to overcome. Constant changes in standards, as well as a scarcity of skilled accountants, are also issues. Some data suggests that the decision usefulness model is inappropriate for smaller businesses. SMEs have a small number of account users, lack accounting competence to deal with complexity, and are managed by their owners. Furthermore, for SMEs, a reporting approach focused on stewardship and employing simplified historical cost accounting would be more appropriate.
Marketing Mix and Community Product Purchase Behavior During Covid-19 Pandemic in Surabaya
Authors: Hariyana Nanik , Izaak Wilma Cordelia
Published: April 2022

During stable times, firms will generally aim to create reliable B2B relationships that provide increased efficiency and profitability. However, tumultuous times, such as the time during a major pandemic, cause many significant disruptions in both internal and external environmental domains. Thus, we argue that it is critical during this time to reevaluate the company's business relationships as a whole. While long-term partnerships are great for handling incremental changes during stable times, disruptive environmental changes may require managers to consider disruptive changes to their businesses. A pandemic may also present opportunities for establishing new relationships as there may be other partners/suppliers who are better equipped to help the company address urgent short-term needs and to capitalize on significant long-term opportunities. In this paper, we design a new relationship audit template to help B2B firms weather the immediate crisis at hand and position themselves more strategically for the future. We explore this idea about the coronavirus outbreak, introduce the idea of a B2B crisis relationship audit, and offer potential steps forward for firms.
Challenges of Digital Transformation on Good Governance for Improving Public Services Quality
Authors: Kirana Nanda Wahyu Indah , Majid Nurkholish
Published: April 2022

Public institutions provide services continually to strive for quality improvement through good governance. Along with the transformation of the digital era, Good Governance is synchronized with digital-based services in terms of Digital Governance. This study's purpose is to examine how digital transformation in public service can be improved the quality of Good Governance. The digital transformation successfully can be reached through the collaboration between user experiences and senior digital experts. However, Digital Governance encounter several challenges including a lack of relationship between institutional managers with stakeholders as users and the risk of protecting data sources that are prone to leakage. Therefore, good governance still needs to be improved continuously so that it can provide benefits to the wider community. One benefit of implementing good governance of government institutions is the formation of a smart city that results in the convenience and welfare of the community.
Vincristine sulfate treatment influence on kidney function of female dogs with transmissible venereal tumor
Authors: Souza Jessyca Vanderlei de Albuquerque , Gonçalves Fernanda Danielle Maria , Lira-Junior Arnaldo Cesar Oliveira Gomes , Escodro Pierre Barnabé , Câmara Diogo Ribeiro , Notomi Marcia Kikuyo
Published: April 2022

Chemotherapy agents have some undesirable and non-selective cytostatic effects. Considering that kidneys are vulnerable to drug-induced toxicity, this study evaluated renal injury caused by vincristine sulfate (VS) in 12 female dogs diagnosed with transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). The animals were treated with VS (0.025 mg/kg IV) every 7 days for 4 weeks. During treatment, the animals were subjected to clinical examination, blood count, serum measurement of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, urinalysis and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) measurements were performed. All parameters were determined three times: before beginning the treatment (T0), after 14 days (T1), and after 28 days (T2). During the study period, there were no changes in serum urea or creatinine levels, urine specific gravity, or persistent proteinuria. Furthermore, urinary GGT measurement did not indicate tubular lesions, and consistent elevation of SDMA was found in only one patient above the reference range. The results showed that weekly therapy with VS as a single agent for 28 days does not induce renal injury in most cases.
Epigenetic Upregulation of H19 and AMPK Inhibition Concurrently Contribute to S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Deficiency-Promoted Atherosclerotic Calcification
Authors: Dai Xin , Liu Si , Cheng Lokyu , Huang Ting , Guo Honghui , Wang Dongliang , Xia Min , Ling Wenhua , Xiao Yunjun
Published: April 2022

Background:

S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease; inhibition of SAH hydrolase (SAHH) results in SAH accumulation and induces endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, the effect and mechanism of SAHH in atherosclerotic calcification is still unclear. We aimed to explore the role and mechanism of SAHH in atherosclerotic calcification.

Methods:

The relationship between SAHH and atherosclerotic calcification was investigated in patients with coronary atherosclerotic calcification. Different in vivo genetic models were used to examine the effect of SAHH deficiency on atherosclerotic calcification. Human aortic and murine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured to explore the underlying mechanism of SAHH on osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs.

Results:

The expression and activity of SAHH were decreased in calcified human coronary arteries and inversely associated with coronary atherosclerotic calcification severity, whereas plasma SAH and total homocysteine levels were positively associated with coronary atherosclerotic calcification severity. Heterozygote knockout of SAHH promoted atherosclerotic calcification. Specifically, VSMC-deficient but not endothelial cell–deficient or macrophage-deficient SAHH promoted atherosclerotic calcification. Mechanistically, SAHH deficiency accumulated SAH levels and induced H19-mediated Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2)-dependent osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs by inhibiting DNMT3b (DNA methyltransferase 3b) and leading to hypomethylation of the H19 promoter. On the contrary, SAHH deficiency resulted in lower intracellular levels of adenosine and reduced AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation. Adenosine supplementation activated AMPK and abolished SAHH deficiency–induced expression of H19 and Runx2 and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs. Finally, AMPK activation by adenosine inhibited H19 expression by inducing Sirt1 (sirtuin-1)-mediated histone H3 hypoacetylation and DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation of the H19 promoter in SAHH deficiency VSMCs.

Conclusions:

We have confirmed a novel correlation between SAHH deficiency and atherosclerotic calcification and clarified a new mechanism that epigenetic upregulation of H19 and AMPK inhibition concurrently contribute to SAHH deficiency–promoted Runx2-dependent atherosclerotic calcification.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Bicuspid Aortic Valve in Patients With Aneurysmal Sub‐Arachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Neurology Registry Report
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saarwaani , Yang Li‐Tan , Thomas Sarah C. , Maleszewski Joseph J. , Boler Amber N. , Thapa Prabin , Enriquez‐Sarano Maurice , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Michelena Hector I.
Published: April 2022

Background

Intracranial aneurysms are reported in 6%–10% of patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), and routine intracranial aneurysm surveillance has been advocated by some. We assessed the prevalence and features of the most important patient‐outcome: aneurysmal sub‐arachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), as compared with controls without aSAH, and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) with aSAH.

Methods and Results

Adult patients with accurate diagnosis of aSAH and at least one echocardiogram between 2000 and 2019 were identified from a consecutive prospectively maintained registry of aSAH admissions. Controls without a diagnosis of SAH were age‐ and sex‐matched. BAV prevalence was confirmed echocardiographically. Severity of aSAH was categorized using modified Fisher and World Federation of Neurological Scale. Neurologic outcome was assessed using modified Rankin score. A total 488 aSAH cases and 990 controls were identified and BAV status was confirmed. Prevalence of BAV in patients with aSAH was 1.2% (6/488) versus 3.5% (35/990) in controls,
P
=0.01. BAV+aSAH were noted to be younger than TAV+aSAH (56±11 versus 68±14;
P
=0.03) with smaller aneurysms (5±2 versus 7±4;
P
=0.31). The severity of aSAH was lesser in BAV+aSAH than TAV (modified Fisher grade>2 50% versus 74%;
P
=0.19, World Federation of Neurological Scale grade>3 17% versus 36%;
P
=0.43). BAV+aSAH had less severe neurologic disability (modified Rankin score 3%–6 33% versus 49% in TAV;
P
=0.44) and comparable in‐hospital mortality rates (
P
=0.93). BAV had lower odds for aSAH on multivariate analysis (odds ratio 0.23[CI 0.08–0.65];
P
=0.01).

Conclusions

Prevalence of BAV was 3 times lower in the aSAH registry than in controls without aSAH. BAV+aSAH had clinically smaller aneurysms, clinically smaller bleeds, and better neurologic outcome as compared with TAV+aSAH, which needs to be confirmed in larger studies. These findings argue against routine surveillance for intracranial aneurysms in patients with BAV without aortic coarctation.
Health Care Use of Cardiac Specialty Care in Children With Muscular Dystrophy in the United States
Authors: Mejia Erika J. , Lin Kimberly Y. , Okunowo Oluwatimilehin , Iacobellis Katherine A. , Matesanz Susan E. , Brandsema John F. , Wittlieb‐Weber Carol A. , Katcoff Hannah , Griffis Heather , Edelson Jonathan B.
Published: April 2022

Background

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy are progressive disorders associated with cardiac mortality. Guidelines recommend routine surveillance; we assess cardiac resource use and identify gaps in care delivery.

Methods and Results

Male patients, aged 1 to 18 years, with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy between January 2013 and December 2017 were identified in the IBM MarketScan Research Database. The cohort was divided into <10 and 10 to 18 years of age. The primary outcome was rate of annual health care resource per person year. Resource use was assessed for place of service, cardiac testing, and medications. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Medication use was measured by proportion of days covered. There were 1386 patients with a median follow‐up time of 3.0 years (interquartile range, 1.9–4.7 years). Patients in the 10 to 18 years group had only 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35–0.45) cardiology visits per person year and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.62–0.70) echocardiography/magnetic resonance imaging per person year. Older patients had higher rates of inpatient admissions (IRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.03–2.09), outpatient cardiology visits (IRR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.66–2.40), cardiac imaging (IRR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.40–1.80), and Holter monitoring (IRR, 3.33; 95% CI, 2.35–4.73). A proportion of days covered >80% for angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers was observed in 13.6% (419/3083) of total person years among patients in the 10 to 18 years group.

Conclusions

Children 10 to 18 years of age have higher rates of cardiac resource use compared with those <10 years of age. However, rates in both age groups fall short of guidelines. Opportunities exist to identify barriers to resource use and optimize cardiac care for patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy.
Association Between Beta-Blocker or Statin Drug Use and the Risk of Hemorrhage From Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Zuurbier Susanna M. , Hickman Charlotte R. , Rinkel Leon A. , Berg Rebecca , Sure Ulrich , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam ,   for the Scottish Audit of Intracranial Vascular Malformations Steering Committee and Collaborators
Published: April 2022

Background:

We aimed to determine the association between beta-blocker or statin drug use and the future risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or persistent/progressive focal neurological deficit from cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM).

Methods:

The population-based Scottish Audit of Intracranial Vascular Malformations prospectively identified adults resident in Scotland first diagnosed with CCM during 1999 to 2003 or 2006 to 2010. We compared the association between beta-blocker or statin drug use after first presentation and the occurrence of new intracranial hemorrhage or persistent/progressive focal neurological deficit due to CCM for up to 15 years of prospective follow-up. We confirmed proportional hazards and used survival analysis with multivariable adjustment for age, intracranial hemorrhage at CCM presentation, and brain stem CCM location.

Results:

Sixty-three (21%) of 300 adults used beta-blockers (27/63 [43%] used propranolol), and 73 (24%) used statin drugs over 3634 person-years of follow-up. At baseline, the only statistically significant imbalances in prespecified potential confounders were age by statin use and intracranial hemorrhage at presentation by beta-blocker use. Beta-blocker use was associated with a lower risk of new intracranial hemorrhage or persistent/progressive focal neurological deficit (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.09 [95% CI, 0.01–0.66];
P
=0.018). Statin use was associated with a nonsignificant lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage or persistent/progressive focal neurological deficit (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.01–1.07];
P
=0.067).

Conclusions:

Beta-blocker, but not statin, use was associated with a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage or persistent/progressive focal neurological deficit in patients with CCM.
Tylopilus yangzhuliangii (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new bolete from tropical China
Authors: LI ZHUI , ZHANG XU , JIANG SHUAI , JI YOU-DONG , WANG YI , ZENG NIAN-KAI
Published: April 2022

Tylopilus yangzhuliangii (Boletaceae, Boletales) is described as a new species, based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, from Hainan Province, a tropical region of southern China. A detailed description, color photos of fresh basidiomes, and line-drawings of microstructures of the new species are presented as well as comparisons with related species.
Green Textile Materials for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Identification of Pesticides Using a Raman Handheld Spectrometer for In-Field Detection
Authors: Hermsen Andrea , Schoettl Justus , Hertel Florian , Cerullo Matthias , Schlueter Adrian , Lehmann Christian W. , Mayer Christian , Jaeger Martin
Published: April 2022

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has evolved into a powerful analytical method in food and environmental analytical sciences due to its high sensitivity. Pesticide analysis is a major discipline therein. Using sustainable materials has become increasingly important to adhere to Green Chemistry principles. Hence, the green textiles poly-(L-lactic acid) (PLA) and the mixed fabric polyethylene terephthalate polyamide (PET/PA) were investigated for their applicability as solid supports for gold nanoparticles to yield SERS substrates. Gold nanoparticle solutions and green textile supports were prepared after preparation optimization. Particle size, dispersity, and particle distribution over the textiles were characterized by absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron imaging. The performance of the SERS substrates was tested using the three pesticides imidacloprid, paraquat, and thiram and a handheld Raman spectrometer with a laser wavelength of 785 nm. The resulting SERS spectra possessed an intra-substrate variation of 7–8% in terms of the residual standard deviation. The inter-substrate variations amounted to 15% for PET/PA and to 27% for PLA. Substrate background signals were smaller with PLA but more enhanced through PET/PA. The pesticides could be detected at 1 pg on PET/PA and at 3 ng on PLA. Hence, PET/PA woven textile soaked with gold nanoparticle solution provides green SERS substrates and might prove, in combination with fieldable Raman spectrometers, suitable for in-field analytics for pesticide identification.
Re-imagining the measurement of femicide: From ‘thin’ counts to ‘thick’ counts
Authors: Walklate Sandra , Fitz-Gibbon Kate
Published: April 2022

The term femicide, while contested, focuses attention on women killed by men’s violence. This focus has generated work on its nature and extent much of which examines the lethal act and the lethal actor in which the death is counted. These counts are themselves incomplete. Despite their shortcomings, these ‘thin’ counts have contributed to the increasing impetus for a wide range of global and local prevention and response initiatives designed to draw attention to femicide. ‘Thin’ counts, measuring as they do, who does what to whom, while justified and justifiable, are a surface manifestation of the deeper embrace of social ecological theory within this field of work. This theory, originating in the work of Brofenbrenner, has functionalist tendencies which fail to assign explanatory power or salience to any one variable. This approach provides a narrow vision of what counts as femicide: a ‘thin’ count. However, if femicide was viewed through a wide-angled lens and incorporated all those lives curtailed and shortened as a result of living with men’s violence(s), that which Walklate et al. have called ‘slow femicide’, femicide counts might look somewhat different. Here, we explore why these might be called ‘thick’ counts. These counts would focus attention on not only who does what to whom but also on with what implement, in what place and at what point in time. Thus, ‘thick’ counts would broaden our understanding of the nature, extent and impact of femicide.