bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foundation's performance improved by fracture grouting
Authors: Fernandez Vincent Juan Manuel
Published: February 2025

Soil improvement by fracture grouting takes place to homogenize the stress conditions or to increase the load-bearing capacity of soils to enable them to receive additional loads. Fracture grouting has been used for systematically improving soil properties by incorporating a cement skeleton to modify the load bearing capacity and permeability of both granular and cohesive soils. After the fracturing pressure in the soil has been exceeded, cracks open up in the soil, which are widened immediately by the subsequent grout. By injecting small amounts of solid substance per grouting operation and by repeatedly pressurising individual grouting valves, it is possible to achieve a grout framework of hardened solid matter of veins and lamellae. Two cases are presented, first the case of a new housing villa where the presence of fissures in the masonry structure during its execution led to evaluate construction procedures and materials. One of the aspects that arose was the presence of a very heterogeneous non-controlled fill under the strip foundations of a sector of the urbanization. A soil improvement was specified in order to mainly achieve a homogenization of the soil and avoid deferential settlements. A field trial was executed prior to the final treatment. The second case is the treatment of the strip foundations of a Hospital, where additional loads resulting from the construction of additional storeys were planned. To meet the required Code of Building safety factor to get the approbation of the new works, a fracture grouting treatment was specified. The job was done without interruptions to the Hospital labor.
Prediction of Bearing Capacity of Bored Piles in Sands. Theoretical x Empirical Formulas
Authors: Décourt Luciano
Published: February 2025

Since long ago, almost all text books present theoretical formulas, like those by Terzaghi, Meyerhof, and others for the assessment of the bearing capacity of piles. The assumed failure models are quite variable. Some, like that by Meyerhof, assume a logarithmical spiral failure curve, going from a few diameters bellow, up to about 10 diameters above the pile tip. Others assume rigid plastic or plunging behaviors.
Development of a Soil Matric Suction Direct Measurement Probe
Authors: Rodari Germán  , Zabala Francisco  , Oldecop Luciano  , Rodari Rubén
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the development of a soil matric suction direct measurement probe, based on the instrument originally designed at the Imperial College by A. M. Ridley and J.M. Burland. The prototype is capable of measuring suction values up to 1500 kPa with a theoretical resolution of 7.5kPa. Instead of an industrial class pressure transducer, the construction of an ad hoc transducer has been preferred, aiming to improve accuracy and reducing costs. The transducer has been calibrated under positive absolute pressure range. While an extended measuring range was achieved, calibration result shows a satisfactory performance on the lower suction range.
Influence of desiccation cracks on soil resistance
Authors: Lozada Catalina  , Caicedo Bernardo  , Thorel Luc
Published: February 2025

As clayey soil is exposed to the effect of desiccation, water evaporates from the surface and higher tensile stresses allow the formation of cracks. The desiccation process creates a soil profile having an over consolidated soil layer at the surface. This paper deals with the centrifuge modelling of a cracked soil to determine the influence of cracks on the soil resistance, measured by the cone penetration test CPT. Soil models with artificial cracks were constructed using the IFSTTAR's geotechnical centrifuge equipped with new tools for modelling. To simulate a desiccated soil profile, the reduced scale models have an upper layer of over consolidated soil over a normal consolidated soil at the bottom. The first part of this paper deals with the centrifuge modelling of cracking soils: soil profile preparation and new adapted tools for modelling. The second part of this paper presents the results of the penetrometer resistance. An increase of the resistance was found in the soils with cracks. This increase was related to the decrease of water content by the effect of desiccation along cracks.
Assessment of Biogas Distribution at the Base of Passive Methane Oxidation Biosystems
Authors: Ahou Ghalandari Bahar  , Cabral Alexandre R.  , Leroueil Serge
Published: February 2025

Passive methane oxidation biosystems (PMOB) are implemented as part of final cover systems and can be cost-effective means of controlling fugitive CH4 emissions from landfills. The efficiency of a PMOB increases with increasing uniformity of CH4 loading at the interface between its main components, i.e. methane oxidation layer (MOL) and gas distribution layer (GDL). Concentrated – or non-uniform – distribution increases the risk of surface emissions higher than acceptable, particularly upslope. This study is part of a larger project that aims to evaluate the length along the MOL-GDL interface where gas can migrate unrestricted upwards through the cover. The first step is to perform proper characterization of the materials, which includes determination of the water retention curve and the coefficient of air permeability of the MOL material used for the construction of the PMOB installed at the St-Nicephore landfill (Quebec, Canada). Both were determined at several initial water contents and dry densities. The subsequent determination of the onset of the air permeability drop as water content and dry density changed was one of the main outputs of the present study and is a fundamental step in the determination of unrestricted gas migration within PMOBs.
Behavior of LNAPL in soils with multimodal pore-size distribution
Authors: Alfaro Soto Miguel  , Chang Hung Kiang
Published: February 2025

New models are presented to characterize the behavior of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) and determine their specific volume in soils with a multimodal distribution of pores making an adaptation of the information contained in the API4760 publication entitled “LNAPL Distribution and Recovery Model (LDRM)”. The estimation of LNAPL requires information about the distribution of the non-mixable fluids under vertical equilibrium conditions, which include the effects of capillary forces in a system made up of subsystems with different distributions of pores, as well as the methods to be used for the prediction of the distribution of LNAPL as a function of thickness of the LNAPL in the monitoring well. Simulations with data from the specialized literature show that the utilization of a unimodal model in soils with such a pore distribution runs the risk of estimates of the total and recoverable volumes of LAPL differing in some 76%, resulting in erroneous estimates of the time required for the recuperation of conventional systems.
Seismic Analysis of Tailings Dam N°4 Lima, Perú
Authors: Valverde Bruno  , Castillo Boris  , Menacho Jeferson
Published: February 2025

Information about the coarse tailings, which was used for the construction of the retention dam for fine tailings, has been obtained from the local field and laboratory tests. The dynamic properties of the tailings were determined by contrasting theoretical formulations with correlations between the number of SPT blows and shear wave velocity. This study allowed us to make an evaluation of the stability under seismic loads through the pseudostatic and permanent deformation analysis, which were analyzed and compared to give an outlook.
Numerical Analysis for New Generation of Concrete Face Rockfill Dams – Settlement of 315 m CFRD in Narrow Valley
Authors: Mokhtarpour Ebrahim  , Cruz Paulo T.  , Marinho Fernando A.M.T.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the displacement behavior of Rumei dam in China as an alternative for construction of 315 m Concrete face Rockfill Dam (CFRD) is investigated based on numerical analysis and stage construction. Non-linear hyperbolic E-B model of Duncan-Chang is used for static analysis. The study takes into account the settlement of all zones such as 3B, T, 3C, 3A and 2B in end of construction period and also at the first filling impounding under finite element model by Diana-FX Software. Moreover, prediction of maximum value and place of high settlement measures are discussed. Final remarks on technical feasibility about new generation of CFRD over 300 m located in narrow valley shape with rockfill of around 130 MPa of modulus elasticity and increasing the safety for concrete slab by decreasing the transmitted forces from rockfill zone, are given.
Experience for diaphragm and Cut-Off-Walls using trench cutter technology in the Americas
Authors: Gerressen Franz-Werner
Published: February 2025

Diaphragm walls are known as underground structural elements commonly used as retention systems for excavation pits and shafts and permanent foundation walls or elements. It can be anticipated that, with the increasing trend of utilizing more and more underground space to accommodate environmental considerations and urban/suburban development, there will be an increasing requirement for diaphragm walling in even more difficult conditions. Of course they can also be used as deep groundwater barriers. Here it can be seen that the demand for these walls reaches more and more difficult soil conditions or required depth which are not standard anymore. The paper will show some site examples for urban retaining wall projects as well as cut off walls.
Estabilidad de Frente En Excavaciones Verticales De Piques en los Suelos Finos del Norte de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Martin Wagner  , Villouta Alejandra  , Torres Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Currently there is limited information about vertical shafts excavated in Chilean fine soils, which can be found in the northern zone of Santiago, this mainly due to the low number of buildings or other structures with underground excavations built in this area (there are only a few residential and commercial buildings with underground parking lots), of which is complex to obtain information associated to their foundation designs. This study presents a simple, quick and efficient way to determine the stability of an excavation of a vertical circular shaft, which is a common structure in metropolitan subway projects. These analyzes are based on the methodology of shear strength reduction applied over an axisymmetric numerical model, validating it with analytical and numerical 3D analysis. The developed studies consider a sensitivity analysis on the cohesion parameter, incorporating “pseudo strata” of reduced cohesion in particular areas excavated, reaching the specific case of considering a clean sand lens without cohesion in each particular excavation level studied.
Excavaciones de Túneles, Tratadas con Inyecciones de Cemento. Ensayos de Control de Cemento en Suelo (C/S), Aplicados en Columnas con Jet Grouting
Authors: Tissera Bracamonte Luis
Published: February 2025

Se presenta un caso de tratamiento y control con inyecciones de lechada a presión, tipo Jet Grouting, como mejora del terreno, para la construcción del túnel en zona urbanizada de Madrid, proyecto constructivo By Pass soterrado en la antigua Estación FFCC de Atocha (Madrid, 2009/2010), que ha permitido conocer no solo la calidad y características del terreno mejorado con inyección de lechadas a presión, tratamiento del subsuelo de relleno artificial y/o marga alterada, para la futura obra de túnel excavado en mina, sino también verificar mediante auscultación, la incidencia en la estabilidad de la construcción existente, y en vías en servicio de trenes AVE, en la plataforma actual de la Estación de Atocha.
Risk-based Design and Evaluation of Earth Structures
Authors: Kannan Ramanuja Chari
Published: February 2025

Geotechnical engineering design practice has evolved from the simple application of factors of safety to advanced design methods incorporating concepts such as load factor analysis, limit equilibrium and critical state analysis. In the last decade, risk based assessment has become an additional tool worth consideration in the evaluation of existing geotechnical structures and has the potential to extend in to the area of geotechnical design. This paper discusses some of the applications of risk-based evaluation of earth structures by adding value in some cases, but has been of little significant in other cases. In the case of performance evaluation of earth structures risk-based evaluation provides a better tool in compensating for design uncertainties. Drawing from the experience on typical projects, the paper discusses the merits and limits of risk based assessment as a supplementary tool. The assignment of the risk factors still remains subjective on the risk cadre examining the structures. However, in the design of earth structures, theoretical and analytical methods have room to include risk-based analysis. Current design process takes into account potential risks associated with the materials, methods and construction elements. Risk-based assessment could add a secondary layer of protection in design. In conclusion, though risk-based assessment is currently a qualitative assessment with limited statistical analysis, should evolve in to a quantifiable science, to become a viable investigation tool and a supplementary design tool. This paper presents specific examples of the use of risk-based methodology in evaluation and design to support this conclusion based on the recent experience in the United States of America.
Stability Analysis of Sea Cliffs in the Coastal Zone of Baía Formosa / Rio Grande do Norte State – Brazil
Authors: Santos Jr. Olavo F.  , de Souza Jr. Carlos  , Scudelari Ada Cristina  , de Freitas Neto Osvaldo  , Amaro Venerando  , Mickovski Slobodan
Published: February 2025

The coastal region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), in northeastern Brazil, is formed by dunes and cliffs that, according to previous works, have suffered a process of retreat. Destabilization of the cliffs results from the erosive action at their base due to the attack of the waves and sea currents as well as mass movements associated with rainfall in the rainy season. The aim of this study was at analyze the cliff stability in the area of Baía Formosa/RN. The area was divided into four stretches. For each stretch, cross sections were obtained. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were taken for testing along the length of the studied area. Characterization and direct shear tests were performed to classify the soil and to obtain the strength properties, respectively. The stability analyses were performed using a commercially available software (GEO 5®)) using the FEM. The results are shown by graphs presenting the variation of the factor of safety along each stretch studied. With this, it was possible to identify the most critical areas with respect the occurrence of the mass movement.
Relación lluvia-deslizamientos para la ciudad de Bogotá. Simulación dirigida por datos
Authors: Ramos Cañón Alfonso Mariano  , Prada-Sarmiento Luis Felipe  , Trujillo-Vela Mario Germán  , Macías Juan Pablo  , Santos R. Ana Carolina  , Urquijo Carolina
Published: February 2025

La cuidad de Bogotá por estar localizada sobre la cordillera de los Andes, es frecuentemente afectada por deslizamientos. Estos procesos son ocasionados principalmente en la temporada de lluvias. Esto marca la importancia de determinar qué parámetros derivados de la lluvia (e.g., intensidad, lluvia antecedente, lluvia diaria) están mejor relacionados con la ocurrencia de deslizamientos. Para este propósito se utilizó una técnica derivada de la estadística multivariada conocida como análisis discriminante lineal (LDA). La aplicación de este tipo de análisis condujo a obtener las funciones matemáticas simples que representan la probabilidad de ocurrencia de deslizamientos de tierra. Las funciones también permiten identificar las variables más relevantes derivadas de los registros de las precipitaciones relacionadas con la generación de deslizamientos. Utilizando datos históricos de precipitación, a partir de una geomorfología y climatología homogéneas se realizó una prueba de concepto mediante el uso la metodología propuesta en un área de 9 km2en la parte sur de Bogotá. Para hacer uso del LDA fue necesario agrupar los deslizamientos en categorías. Cada una de estas categorías de agrupación representa los deslizamientos ocurridos en condiciones geomorfológicas similares. Además tuvo que ser generado sintéticamente otro conjunto de eventos de lluvia que no ocasionaran deslizamientos. Los resultados de la prueba de concepto muestra que las precipitaciones parámetros como la intensidad normalizada precipitaciones IMAP, precipitación diaria normalizado RMAPy días lluviosos normales RDN tienen la mejor correlación estadística con los deslizamientos observados en la zona de análisis.
Evaluation of the Variability of Mechanical Parameters of Some Formations from East of Medellin
Authors: Parra Melissa  , Hidalgo Cesar
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results of a statistical evaluation of shear strength parameters of soils from the east of the city of Medellín. The soils used correspond to sludge flow deposits, debris flow deposits and residual soils of dunite formation of Medellin. For statistical analysis, a database with 193 results of direct shear tests (CD type) was used. Techniques of descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing were used to determine the variability of each parameter in each array. The results show that the cohesion has the highest variability, while the unit weight and friction angle can be considered equal at the diferent forrmations for practical purposes.
Physically-based modeling of runoff and soil erosion in slopes with mountain tracks
Authors: Cuomo Sabatino  , Della Sala Maria  , Pierri Mariarosaria
Published: February 2025

The paper proposes a quantitative physically-based modeling of water runoff, soil erosion and deposition along a slope. This topic is dealt with for selected laboratory flume tests and for a slope cut by a mountain trackway with three bends. For both the cases, the GIS-implemented LImburg Soil Erosion (LISEM) model is used to simulate the erosion and deposition scenarios caused by different rainstorms and soil suction. The numerical results achieved for the flume tests provide a validation of the selected model. Furthermore, the simulations about the slope outline the bend as a major confluence path for water runoff, consistently with the in-situ evidences. In addition, it is highlighted that the maximum soil loss is computed at the areas beside and downslope the bends.
Wave-induced settlement behavior of caisson breakwater on sand
Authors: Kim Tae-Hyung  , Lee Je-Man  , Lee Jae-Ho
Published: February 2025

Breakwater settlement studies have been conducted primarily through numerical model tests and laboratory wave tank tests using scaled models. The study presented in this paper analyzed settlement data measured in an actual caisson breakwater over a long period of time and the characteristics and causes of wave-induced settlement in the caisson were examined qualitatively. The analysis revealed that waves clearly affect the settlement in breakwater, especially under high wave conditions, such as typhoons. Breakwater settlement is caused by ground liquefaction, which occurs due to the increase in excess pore pressure, the combination of oscillatory and residual excess pore pressures, and the solidification process of ground caused by the dissipation of the accumulated excess pore pressure. Solidified ground is not likely to experience liquefaction under such wave conditions, thus reducing the possibility of settlement.
Evaluation of regional subsidence and soil fracturing in Mexico City Valley
Authors: Auvinet Guichard Gabriel  , Méndez-Sánchez Edgar  , Juárez Camarena Moisés
Published: February 2025

In this paper, updated information about regional subsidence in Mexico City downtown area is presented, based on data obtained by R. Gayol in 1891, on information obtained from surveys using the reference points of “Sistema de Aguas de la Ciudad de México” and on the position of a cloud of points on the ground surface determined using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology. In addition, this paper provides an overview of recent data obtained from systematic studies focused on understanding soil fracturing associated to regional land subsidence in Mexico City Valley.
Plate-Load-Tests on Soil from the Barreiras Formation in Maceió-AI – Case Study
Authors: Marques J.A.F.  , Marques R.F.  , Ramos D.L.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an analysis of plate-load test results, performed on a typical soil formation from the Northeast Region of Brazil known as Barreiras Formation, in Maceió – AL. The ground investigation indicated a predominantly clay soil, with an incidence of silt, and in parts of the site a low soil strength was registered, considering the loads on the structure, with an SPT value around 2 blows at a 2,0 m depth. The foundations were designed as prestressed raft resting directly on natural ground or compacted embankment. Throughout the development of this project, plate-load tests were performed with the purpose of analyzing the pressure-settlement behavior of the ground in three situations: the soil in the natural moisture, flooded and on compacted fill. Having the settlements obtained in the plate-load tests, the settlement of the structure foundation was calculated and the viability of the raft foundations project was verified.
Liquefaction flow behavior of Guamo sand
Authors: Jimenez Jiménez Omar Javier  , Lizcano Peláez Arcesio
Published: February 2025

In soil mechanics there are many unknowns about the behavior of materials and even more great uncertainty generated sands, due to its gradation and shape of the grains is sometimes difficult to know their behavior and especially when trying to study by tests in laboratory. This research contains the results of analyzing the behavior of Guamo sand, representative of research in Colombia material by analyzing the effect of liquefaction flow by performing triaxial undrained (CU), for which he developed a series of tests taking into account the relative density of the material as well as the constructive effect of maintaining a constant gradation samples.
Elastoplastic Modelling of the Wellbore Stability on a Carbonate Rock
Authors: Gonzalez-Molano Nubia A.  , Vargas-Mendoza Pablo E.  , Segura-Serra Jose Maria  , Lakshmikantha M.R.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a numerical simulation of the wellbore stability on a Carbonate rock. The behavior of the rock was simulated using a Hyperbolic Mohr-Coulomb (HMC) model which uses a special hardening/softening law and a non-associated plastic flow rule in order to reproduce more closely the rock behavior. With an adequate choice of parameters the model reduces to the well-known Mohr-Coulomb (MC) model. The model was implemented in an in-house finite element code using an explicit stress integration scheme with automatic substepping and error control techniques. Model parameters were calibrated by means of the numerical simulation of available triaxial tests on the Carbonate rock. The influence of different features of rock behavior on the width and depth of the breakout formation or damage zone around the well was investigated. A narrower localized damage zone was observed if a hardening/softening behavior is simulated instead of a perfectly plastic behavior as is the standard assumption in practice. Results highlight the importance to use a realistic representation of the rock behavior in the wellbore stability analysis and their effect on the mud design program.
Underground coalgasification: Moving towards commercialisation
Authors: Sarhosis V.  , Koj A.  , Nowak D.  , Kapusta K.  , Stanczyk K.  , Thomas H.R.
Published: February 2025

Powering the future is the greatest environmental, economic and social challenge we face today. Despite the current trends towards shifting to renewable energy, fossil fuels and in particular coal, will continue to be a major source of energy for a period of time in the future – a 20% increase in coal demand is predicted between 2008 – 2035 [1]. Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an emerging process which permits access to coal seams which either lie too deep underground, or are otherwise too costly to be exploited using conventional mining technologies (i.e. open cast). The process involves the injection of an oxidation agent (H2O, O2, N2, CO2, or a mixture of these) into an underground coal seam, ignition and combustion of coal in-situ to produce a synthesis gas that can be used as a fuel for power generation or chemical feedstock. Many studies proved its potential advantages over the conventional mining methods, like increase in coal utilisation efficiency and the improvement of economic performance with simultaneous minimisation of environmental emissions as compared to the currently employed coal utilisation technologies. Although the idea of the underground coal gasification is not new and dates back about 100 years, renewed interest in UCG technology has recently occurred in most coal producing regions of the world. The present study reviews where UCG development has reached around the world and the role it could play in energy supplies, taking into account the current initiative for moving to a low carbon future.
Sistema de Información Geofísica y Geotécnica de suelos marinos del Golfo de México
Authors: Cruz Diego  , López Marcelino  , Flores Francisco A.  , Barrera Prócoro  , Rojas Eduardo  , Torres Rita  , Monroy Dinorah  , Hernández Juan M.  , Renovato Sergio
Published: February 2025

Marine platforms and pipelines installations, as any onshore structure, require the geotechnical characterization of site, for the foundation design. In this case, because of the water column, the geophysical methods are important to get the
Thermo-mechanical analysis of energy piles through numerical and centrifuge tests
Authors: Rotta Loria Alessandro F.  , Di Donna Alice  , Laloui Lyesse
Published: February 2025

For over thirty years, finite element analyses and centrifuge tests have been successfully applied to investigate the response of a large series of geotechnical engineering problems. However, although the capability of finite element analysis to capture the thermal-induced mechanical behaviour of real-scale energy piles has been assessed, the suitability of centrifuge tests for the same purpose has not yet been validated despite their increasing application. This paper investigates the capability and suitability of centrifuge tests for describing the thermal-induced mechanical behaviour of energy piles based on a comparison between a series of results obtained through numerical and centrifuge analyses. In particular, it analyses the response of energy piles in dry sand subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. The study outlines the appropriateness of centrifuge tests for the considered purpose and remarks crucial points that have to be considered when modelling energy pile-related-problems.
Customization of Aqueous Based Muds for Unconventional Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Ozyurtkan Mustafa Hakan
Published: February 2025

Drilling activity has radically increased in unconventional shale gas reservoirs. Non-aqueous based fluid (NAF) is frequently chosen as drilling fluids in these shale plays. While NAFs can bring benefits such as shale stabilization, lubricity, and contamination tolerance, environmental concerns and related costs are a problem. These difficulties let the operators to search for different fluid systems such as water-based muds (WBM).
Determinación de las características geomecánicas de un macizo rocoso por medio del relevamiento geotécnico y la tomografía sísmica en profundidad
Authors: Mazuelos Oscar  , Rodríguez Alfredo
Published: February 2025

Este estudio se realizó a partir de la necesidad de conocer cuáles eran las características geológico geotécnicas del macizo rocoso donde se escavaría el túnel N° 6 de la ruta nacional N° 150, ubicado a 56 Km al este de la ciudad de Huaco, en la sierra de Valle Fértil, situada en el borde de las Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales y perteneciente a la provincia de San Juan, Argentina.
Alternativa de estabilización estribo margen izquierda del puente sobre Río León
Authors: Cordo Oscar Víctor  , Girardi Mancini Pablo
Published: February 2025

En el marco del seguimiento de la obra de construcción de la RN 150-Tramo Ischigualasto-Río Bermejo-Sección II-A1, perteneciente al Corredor Bioceánico Porto Alegre-Coquimbo, provincia de San Juan, encargada por Vialidad Nacional a la Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos de Montaña (EICAM), UNSJ, se presentó un problema bajo la fundación del estribo de margen izquierda del puente sobre el río León. El mismo se encuentra fundado sobre areniscas duras pero que presentan diaclasas verticales muy abiertas que apoyan sobre lutitas meteorizadas que suprayacen a areniscas sanas. A medida que se iba construyendo la estructura, y debido a las tareas de excavación y la exposición al medio ambiente, las diaclasas se abrían cada vez más comprometiendo la seguridad del conjunto estribo-talud. En este artículo se plantea una alternativa tendiente a la estabilización del talud por delante del estribo mediante un muro de hormigón armado anclado al macizo rocoso y fundado sobre las areniscas sanas. Se hace un análisis de estabilidad global con el uso de un programa elaborado por la EICAM que considera la resistencia al corte no lineal de macizos rocosos diaclasados y un dimensionamiento del muro de hormigón armado anclado al macizo rocoso. El análisis se hace considerando cargas estáticas y dinámicas teniendo en cuenta la alta sismicidad de la zona.
Visual Data Mining in Transportation Using Multiresolution Data Aggregation
Authors: Wang Xiao Kun  , Yang Li
Published: February 2025

Big data pose fundamental challenges to both data mining and data visualization in transportation research. This paper presents a strategy of using multiresolution data aggregation as an efficient representation of large data for visual data mining. Data aggregated at multiple resolutions are stored in internal nodes of a partition-based high dimensional tree index. Such a multiresolution data representation has build-in support of data scalability. Existing visualization techniques are extended to support this data representation.
Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Water Curtain Cooling Fuzzy Control System
Authors: Shi Xiao-Ying  , Xu Zhi-Bang  , Gong Jing-Hong  , Yang Hui
Published: February 2025

Intelligent optimization control combines intelligent optimization and intelligent control in order to optimize the local or global performance of control systems; it provides an effective way to solve control problems in complex systems. In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller is employed based on the genetic algorithm for control rules in a water curtain cooling system. Simulation results and industrial experiments indicate that fuzzy logic control based on the genetic algorithm optimization for the water curtain cooling process of accelerating steel is effective using this control model.
Analysis of Recipe Data Based on Subspace Clustering
Authors: Liu Shan-Zhong  , Song Xiao-Na  , Wang Xin-Yong
Published: February 2025

In batch process, the change in a recipe will cause the step interference in the system. And the recipe clustering can reduce the influences of the fixed-parameter controller and software instrument. According to the recipe data with different large-scale and high-dimensions, an improved subspace clustering algorithm (ISCA) is put forward in this paper. In order to classify the recipe data, the most similarity of subspace clustering which is applied to determine the search direction of the subspaces is defined in ISCA. Then use IFCA to cluster for the reaction unit of specific recipe model. The simulation results show that ISCA can improve the accuracy and flexibility of the subspace clustering, compared with the traditional high-dimensional subspace clustering algorithm. The ISCA is more suitable clustering for large-scale and high-dimensional recipe data.
“If there are documents you really care about: Print them out!” (Vint Cerv, 2015)
Authors: Kulawik Bernd
Published: February 2025

With theses words (only “documents” substituted for the original “photos”) Vint Cerf, one of the ‘fathers of the internet’ and now Google Vice President, warned in 2015 that all our photos – and obviously, documents and research data, too – might disappear soon and that our century may become the “Digital Dark Age”. To avoid this, Cerf is working on a solution named “digital vellum”: It shall provide a platform that can preserve any documents, the software used to create and work with them, the operating system needed for this software and even an emulation of the appropriate hardware. But it may take quite some time before this platform will be available. In the meantime, the good old paper is the only medium that surely can and will survive more than 50 years – the maximum now expected for simple formats like .txt and .pdf files. Even Microfilms (also not usable without technical means) may not survive more than 200 years. But how do we print out digital documents created for and by research: short miscellanea, articles and papers, collections of them and monographs, and in recent years even facebook postings or twitter messages? We write these documents in a dedicated (text) program, sent them to the publisher, who may forward them after several transmissions forth and back with the author(s) to a layouter, again followed by some corrections requiring exchange of the file(s) …  and finally they may appear in print and / or online repositories. Taking into account that all participants in the process today are (or should be) well familiar with web-based Content Management Systems and – hopefully – the concept of markup languages, it is simply astonishing that there is no system yet combining the advantages of both. Such a combination could not only serve to shorten the publishing process but also provide the ecosystem for online repositories and web-based collaboration while the results – printable documents – could be updated regularly and made available via book-on-demand and as ePublications. There may be some solutions providing such a system used by publishers “in-house”, but if so, they are not available for free. The paper will propose such a system based on Free and Open Source Software with a simple proof-of-concept.
Genome sharing projects around the world: how you find data for your research
Authors: Nielsen Fiona  , Kovalevskaya Nadezda
Published: February 2025

Access to raw experimental research data and data reuse is a common hurdle in scientific research. Despite the mounting requirements from funding agencies that the raw data is deposited as soon as (or even before) the paper is published, multiple factors often prevent data from being accessed and reused by other researchers. The situation with the human genomic data is even more dramatic, since on the one hand human genomic data is probably the most important data to share - it lies at the heart of efforts to combat major health issues such as cancer, genetic diseases, and genetic predispositions for complex diseases like heart disease and diabetes. On the other hand, since it is sensitive and personal information, it is often exempt from data sharing requirements. DNAdigest investigates the barriers for ethical and efficient genomic data sharing and engages with all stakeholder groups, including researchers, librarians, data managers, software developers, policy makers, and the general public interested in genomics. Repositive offers services and tools that reduce the barriers for data access and reuse for the research community in academia, industry, and clinics. To address the most pressing problem for public genomic data: that of data discoverability, Repositive has built an online platform (repositive.io) providing a single point of entry to find and access available genomic research data.
Jupyter Notebooks – a publishing format for reproducible computational workflows
Authors: Kluyver Thomas  , Ragan-Kelley Benjamin  , Pérez Fernando  , Granger Brian  , Bussonnier Matthias  , Frederic Jonathan  , Kelley Kyle  , Hamrick Jessica  , Grout Jason  , Corlay Sylvain  , Ivanov Paul  , Avila Damián  , Abdalla Safia  , Willing Carol  , Jupyter Development Team
Published: February 2025

It is increasingly necessary for researchers in all fields to write computer code, and in order to reproduce research results, it is important that this code is published. We present Jupyter notebooks, a document format for publishing code, results and explanations in a form that is both readable and executable. We discuss various tools and use cases for notebook documents.
Measurement of bending moments in concrete
Authors: Clark J.  , Richards D.J.
Published: February 2025

Inclinometers are frequently used to measure structural deflections during construction of retaining walls and piles. Attempts have been made to calculate bending moments from wall profiles measured by inclinometers but there is inconsistency in the methods and sometimes results are not always reliable. In addition, the collection and analysis of site inclinometer data can be poor. During construction of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, UK, a section of contiguous bored pile retaining wall has been monitored using various instrumentation. Inclinometer measurements of the wall profile were scrutinized carefully and the rigorous techniques used to eliminate errors are described in this paper. Bending moments calculated from both strain gauge measurements and from the wall profile measurements have been compared and show good agreement. Complications regarding the fitting of various types of curves to inclinometer data and whether the section is cracked or uncracked are discussed and solutions suggested.
Mechanical properties of stabilised peat based on laboratory testing
Authors: Hernandez-Martinez F.G.  , Al-Tabbaa A.
Published: February 2025

The deep mixing method is becoming a promising technique in the stabilisation of different ground conditions and for different geotechnical applications. However, its application and effectiveness in the stabilisation of peat is still underresearched due to the complex nature of the material. Hence in this paper, some observations are made concerning the binder (cement) quantity and water:cement ratio and their optimum values needed to obtain a workable and more durable peat-cement mixes. These observations are based on unconfined compressive strength and tangent modulus values.
Expansive behaviour of a sulphated clay in a railway tunnel
Authors: Alonso E.  , Gens A.  , Berdugo I.  , Romero E.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the case of a railway tunnel excavated in sulphate-bearing clays in which large expansive phenomena were observed during construction. Field data and laboratory tests results showed connections between some mechanisms of degradation and the swelling behaviour of the foundation material. The paper summarizes the main characteristics of the tunnel and proposes some explanations for the observed behaviour.100
Effective evaluation method for quality control in the rock zone of a rockfill dam
Authors: Yanaka Y.  , Kakue T.  , Ohtsuki T.  , Yano K.
Published: February 2025

To practically grasp two- and three-dimensional distributions of internal friction angle and the mechanical stability of rock zone in rockfill dams, a quality control method using the water content of embankment material and a post-embankment multi-point quality control method using vibratory roller acceleration measurements were established. Quality control using the combination of the two methods was found to help make effective use of embankment materials that were unusable for safety reasons when dams were required to meet the minimum quality requirements, and reduce excessive excavation or disposal of materials.
Back analysis of O-cell pile load test using FEM
Authors: Bui T.Y.  , Li Y.  , Tan S.A.  , Leung C.F.
Published: February 2025

A back analysis was carried out to evaluate the performance of Osterberg cell pile load test. The finite element code PLAXIS was used for the numerical simulation of the load-settlement responses and the load transfer characteristics of conventional static and Osterberg cell pile load tests. The comparison between the calculations and measured field data suggests that the Osterberg cell test can be a good substitute for the conventional pile load test. The differences in the load transfer characteristics between conventional static pile load test and Osterberg cell test result in a slightly higher ultimate capacity for the Osterberg cell test.
Etude expérimentale sur modèle réduit d'un remblai sur sol renforcé par inclusions rigides verticales
Authors: Jenck O.  , Dias D.  , Kastner R.
Published: February 2025

Le renforcement des sols par inclusions rigides verticales est une technique alternative qui permet de réduire et d'homogénéiser les tassements sous les fondations de voies ferrées, de remblais routiers et de bâtiments industriels. Les inclusions, ancrées dans un horizon plus rigide, reprennent les charges appliquées en surface par l'intermédiaire d'un matelas granulaire dans lequel se développent des voûtes. Cette communication présente quelques résultats obtenus sur un modèle réduit bidimensionnel. Le sol granulaire constituant le matelas de transfert de charge est modélisé par le sol analogique bidimensionnel de Schneebeli, le sol compressible est modélisé par de la mousse et les inclusions par des éléments métalliques. Une instrumentation permet d'évaluer le report de charge et une méthode de corrélation d'images permet d'obtenir le champ de déplacement au sein du massif. L'analyse paramétrique présentée ici porte sur l'influence de la hauteur de matelas et de la proportion de la surface couverte par les inclusions sur les mécanismes de report de charge et la réduction des tassements.
Combined Pile-Raft Foundation subjected to lateral loads
Authors: Katzenbach R.  , Turek J.
Published: February 2025

Concerning the load bearing behaviour of vertically loaded Combined Pile-Raft Foundations many studies and publications are available whereas for Combined Pile-Raft Foundations subjected to lateral loads scientific results or case histories are very rare. But also for horizontal loading it is possible to obtain a very economic foundation design and to reduce displacements by using a Combined Pile-Raft Foundation (CPRF). In order to investigate the bearing behaviour of a CPRF subjected to horizontal loads a number of small scale model tests with CPRF, raft foundation and pile group at 1g-level were performed. The results show that e.g. the horizontal resistance of the CPRF is much higher than the resistance of a comparable pile group and a considerable part of the horizontal load applied is carried by the raft. Thus neglecting the horizontal resistance of the raft, as usually done for design purposes, leads to an underestimation of the total resistance of the foundation and to an overestimation of the horizontal displacements and of the shear forces as well as bending moments in the piles.
Installation of jacked piles in sandy soils
Authors: Medzvieckas Jurgis  , Sližytė Danutė
Published: February 2025

When renovating historic buildings it is often necessary to reinforce the foundations. An effective and often used in Lithuania method is the underpinning with jacked piles. The piles are pressed into the soil without any noise or vibration by using static force. The process of pressing is similar to the static penetration test therefore it would be rationale to compare the pressing force, which has been measured, with the force calculated according to CPT data. The limit compressive resistance of the pile would be very convenient to estimate from the pressing force of the pile.
A design method concerning horizontal resistance of piles constructed in improved ground
Authors: Tomisawa K.  , Nishikawa J.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to consider the application of strength generated following ground improvement as horizontal resistance of piles constructed in improved ground and to systematize it as a rational design method. In the proposed design method, the range of influence of horizontal resistance of piles in improved ground, or the necessary range of ground improvement, was established based on engineering assessment and horizontal subgrade reaction of piles was determined from shear strength increased by ground improvement. The validity of the design method was empirically verified by on-site horizontal loading tests of piles and finite element analysis that was conducted to supplement its parameters. Also, because the improved ground would become stronger than the unimproved original ground, the effect of the hardness of surrounding ground on piles during earthquakes was verified using a centrifugal excitation experiment and the dynamic finite element method.
Loading rate dependency of the subgrade reaction for a pile in liquefied ground
Authors: Uzuoka R.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to clarify the loading rate dependency of subgrade reaction for a single pile in liquefied ground. The parametric studies were performed by incorporating the dynamic soil-pore water coupled formulation and a newly proposed constitutive model. The model can explicitly treat the degree of liquefaction by changing the lower limit of the mean effective stress. The liquefied soil at a certain depth around a pile is modeled with finite elements under the plane stress condition. The subgrade reaction for a pile is calculated under various loading frequencies and degrees of liquefaction. The results of the parametric studies show that the correlation in p-y (subgrade reaction-pile displacement) relations and p-v (subgrade reaction-pile velocity) relations depends on the loading frequency and the degree of liquefaction. The numerical method can reproduce the loading rate dependency of the subgrade reaction for a single pile without the viscosity constitutive model and numerical damping.
Performance of H-jointed steel pipe sheet piles with H-H joint in vertical hydraulic cutoff walls
Authors: Inazumi S.  , Kimura M.  , Arap Too J.K.  , Kamon M.
Published: February 2025

This paper shows potentials of developed H-jointed SPSP and proposed H-H joint for application as a vertical hydraulic cutoff wall in coastal landfills. Their construction accuracy, resistance characteristic under lateral load, joint performance, and hydraulic conductivity are assessed through experiments. H-jointed SPSP can control the accuracy of construction and exhibits higher lateral bearing capacity than SPSP with traditional joint connections. H-H joint demonstrates larger tension resistance than traditional joint. Hydraulic conductivity of 10−8cmls is proposed for use in design of H-H joint. The H-jointed SPSP with H-H joint is recommended as a hydraulic cutoff wall in coastal landfills.
Theoretical equations for evaluating hydraulic conductivities of bentonite based buffer and backfill
Authors: Komine H.
Published: February 2025

Theoretical new equations for evaluating the hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonites and bentonite-sand mixtures are derived for designing bentonite based buffer and backfill materials to fill high-level nuclear waste repositories. New equations for evaluating the velocity of interlayer-water flow between two montmorillonite layers considering the swelling behaviors of montmorillonite are proposed. Furthermore, a calculating method for the hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite and bentonite-sand mixtures is presented by combining the new equations with the equations for evaluating swelling behavior of montmorillonite in bentonite, which have already been proposed by the author. The applicability of this method was investigated by comparing the calculated results with laboratory test results on the hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonites and bentonite-sand mixtures.