bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A METHOD FOR FINDING CRITICAL PATH WITH SYMMETRIC OCTAGONAL INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY NUMBERS
Authors: Rameshan N. , Dinagar D.S.
Published: November 2020

The concept of this paper represents finding fuzzy critical path using octagonal fuzzy number. In project scheduling, a new method has been approached to identify the critical path by using Symmetric Octagonal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Number (SYMOCINTFN). For getting a better solution, we use the fuzzy octagonal number rather than other fuzzy numbers. The membership functions of the earliest and latest times of events are by calculating lower and upper bounds of the earliest and latest times considering octagonal fuzzy duration. The resulting conditions omit the negative and infeasible solution. The membership function takes up an essential role in finding a new solution. Based on membership function, fuzzy number can be identified in different categories such as Triangular, Trapezoidal, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal, decagonal, hexa decagonal fuzzy numbers etc.
EMOTIONAL BURNOUT AND ISSUES OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF ONCOLOGISTS
Authors: Chulkova Valentina , Pestereva Yelena , Karpova Elvira , Khrustaleva Nelli , Semiglazova Tatyana , Rogachev M. , Belyaev Aleksey
Published: November 2020

The article describes the signs of the phenomenon of emotional burnout and presents the features of emotional burnout of oncologists. It is shown that most oncologists are characterized by burnout during the “resistance” phase. Resistance is a psychological defense developed by a person in response to increasing stress during work and expressed in a tendency to limit emotional contact with patients. It is shown that for an effective interaction with a cancer patient, a doctor must observe professional boundaries. Professional boundaries allow the doctor not to avoid contact with the oncological patient, and not to overly immerse himself in the patient’s experiences. The authors point out the need for professional psychological training of an oncologist.
The History Of Studying The Poetry Of Sorrowfull Time
Authors:   Docent, Candidate Of Philological Science Taraz Innovative Humanitarian University, Taraz, Kulibaevna Pertaeva Elmira , Tulegenovich Kazjanov Galim ,   Master Student Of Pedagogical Science Taraz Innovative Humanitarian University, Taraz
Published: November 2020

In this article the works of poets of hard times (Dulat, Shotanbay, Murat) are analyzed in the context of time truthfulness.
A heterobimetallic tetrahedron from a linear platinum(II)-bis(acetylide) metalloligand
Authors: Hardy Matthias , Engeser Marianne , Lützen Arne
Published: November 2020

Employing 4-ethynylaniline as a simple organic ligand we were able to prepare the stable trans-bis(acetylide)platinum(II) complex [Pt(L1)2(PBu3)2] as a linear metalloligand. The reaction of this metalloligand with iron(II) cations and pyridine-2-carbaldehyde according to the subcomponent self-assembly approach yielded decanuclear heterobimetallic tetrahedron [Fe4Pt6(L2)12](OTf)8. Thus, combination of these two design concepts – the subcomponent self-assembly strategy and the complex-as-a-ligand approach – ensured a fast and easy synthesis of large heterobimetallic coordination cages of tetrahedral shape with a diameter of more than 3 nm as a mixture of all three possible T-, S4- and C3-symmetric diastereomers. The new complexes were characterized by NMR and UV–vis spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. Using GFN2-xTB we generated energy-minimized models of the diastereomers of this cage that further corroborated the results from analytical findings.
Slow Pyrolysis of Rice Straw: Analysis of Biochar, Bio-Oil and Gas
Authors: Klunk Marcos Antônio , Dasgupta Sudipta , Das Mohuli
Published: November 2020

Biomass is the term attributed to any renewable resource derived from organic matter that can be used in energy production. Agricultural production generates residues that are of great importance for their energy use, of which sugar cane, eucalyptus, and rice. Various residues are generated from rice cultivation, among which the rice husk and rice straw are the most important. Several thermal conversion technologies have been developed for the use of biomass in industry. Pyrolysis has been notable for its ability to produce biofuels at different stages of aggregation. The slow pyrolysis of biomass has been proposed as a pretreatment method to improve the physical-chemical characteristics of rice straw. In this process is produced, mainly, a solid called biochar, which has a higher energy content when compared to the biomass of origin. This study investigated the slow pyrolysis of rice straw at 300 - 700°C for the purpose of obtaining biochar, bio-oil, and gases for energy purposes. The experimental results show that pyrolysis temperature has important roles in yield product. The highest biochar yield was observed at a temperature of 300°C with 49.91 wt%. This represents 47% more when compared to yield at 700°C (33.87 wt.%). This behavior is linked to the proximate analysis results for fixed carbon 26.01 wt.% at 300°C. The high pH of the biochar was attributed to the presence of alkali metals, according to XRF. Thermal decomposition of the biomass resulting in a gradual increase of bio-oil (16.81 - 34.70 wt.%) and gas (6.53 - 18.05 wt.%) on a wet basis. Thus, in the dry base parameter, the bio-oil increases from 19.22 - 30.6 wt.% and the gases at 9.42-20.19 wt.%. Drying of the raw material showed, by the results, a significant increase in the co-products formed. As a consequence, we have a more efficient energy process.
Production of bioplastic from potato starch
Authors: Cordeiro Paula Novais , Caetano Skarllet Toledo , De Carvalho Raquel Moreira Maduro
Published: November 2020

Due to their diverse properties, plastic materials are used in numerous sectors. It is possible to produce different articles and plastic objects with reduced costs, being more accessible to the population. Conventional plastics are obtained from petroleum-derived raw materials, a non-renewable resource in which their extraction and refining process cause major environmental impacts. The production of plastic reaches a level of approximately one hundred and forty million tons per year, and the disposal of these materials is increasing, generating a high rate of waste and leading to an increase of pollution since the decomposition of these materials lasts about five hundred years old. Conventional plastics can be replaced by bioplastics, a material obtained from renewable raw materials such as potatoes, cassava, maize, and which, when disposed of under favorable conditions, decomposes faster, as during its degradation process at least one step occurs. Through the metabolism of organisms present in the environment. Starch has been widely used in the production of biodegradable packaging, so the objective of this work was to produce a biodegradable bioplastic from the potato starch. Potato starch, glycerin, hydrogen peroxide, distilled water, and commercial agar were used to produce the bioplastic. Bench-scale bioplastics had good organoleptic characteristics, similar in appearance to a conventional plastic obtained from petroleum. The thickness, moisture content, and solubility of the bioplastics were analyzed, as well as their fruit preservation capacity. The samples produced were rigid and with good resistance.
Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolate from Urinary Tract Infection Of Thalassemic Patients in Thi-Qar Province
Authors: Okab Alaa Abood Yasir , Salih Manal
Published: November 2020

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common type of pathogen that causes Urinary tract infection disease. It can be presented as pathogenic or non-pathogenic strain and found not only in the animal but also in the human intestine. This bacterium can cause opportunistic infection when the human host comprised of thalassemia patients or changes the healthy hemostatic flora. This study aimed to analyze the presence of bacteria in thalassemia patients with urinary tract infection. A total of 303 samples were collected during the period from August 2019 to January 2020 from thalassemia patients who suffered from urinary tract infection. The results showed that there were 6.9% of patients infected with E. coli, 2.6% of patients were infected with S. aureus, 0.7% with both Proteus and Klebsiella, while 89.1% of patients had a negative sample for bacteria. Also, the incidence of urinary tract infections in females is higher than in males. Besides, its occurrence in rural areas is higher than in city residents. Moreover, among 16 antibiotics tested to sensitize bacteria to antibiotics, Imipenem showed 100% efficacy on all isolated bacteria. In contrast, Netilmicin showed 80.1% efficacy, Gentamycin 80.1%, and Amikacin 76.2%. Ampicillin, Aztreonam, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, Tetracycline, and Ticarcillin-Clavulanic Acid, did not show any effectiveness toward the bacteria while other antibiotics showed different activities. Furthermore, the isolated microbes from thalassemia patients were the highest resistance to antibiotics in comparison with other studies, and this antibiotic-resistant may be due to the weakening of the patient's immune status and frequent blood taking and the antibodies it contains.
Teaching Scholarly Communication Skills to Master Students in Non-linguistic Universities
Authors: Мамедова А.В.
Published: November 2020

В статье обращено особое внимание на роль научного общения в учебном процессе магистратуры.
Актуальность темы развития обучения научному общению, при котором формируются как универсальные, так и профессиональные компетенции, закреплена нормативными документами.
В статье показано, что средством развития и формирования компетенций, необходимых для овладения научным общением, выступает иностранный язык.
Описана практическая работа на занятиях по иностранному языку в неязыковой магистратуре. Комплекс заданий и упражнений, разработанный автором, способствует развитию у обучающихся умений применять современные коммуникативные технологии на иностранном языке для академического профессионального и межкультурного взаимодействия, целью которого является овладение лингвистической, дискурсивной, социолингвистической компетенциями, стратегией
и тактикой общения, взаимодействия на иностранном языке, необходимыми для иноязычного общения в профессиональной и научной сферах.
Представлен опыт развития навыков перевода, реферирования и аннотирования профессионально ориентированных текстов, написания научных статей, работы над проектами магистерских диссертаций, презентаций научных текстов в процессе преподавания английского языка магистрантам института естественных наук.
Научное общение на занятиях иностранного языка в магистратуре представлено как форма и условие развития творческого потенциала студентов.

The article centers on the role of scholarly communication in the process of receiving
a Master’s degree. The relevance of the issue of developing scholarly communications skills, universal and professional competencies is substantiated in normative documents.
The article maintains that a foreign language is a means of developing scholarly communication competences.
The article describes practical activities used to teach foreign language to graduate students in non-linguistic universities. The complex of tasks and exercises elaborated by the author of the article ensures continual improvement of students’ foreign-language skills required for efficient scholarly communication. The course is aimed at the formation of linguistic, discursive, and socio-linguistic competences, at the development of intercultural communication strategies that can be used in professional and academic spheres.
The article describes an experience of teaching students working towards a master’s degree in natural science to translate, summarize, and annotate professionally-oriented texts, write scholarly and scientific articles, master’s theses, create scholarly and scientific presentations.
Scholarly communication in foreign language classroom is presented as a tool and a prerequisite for the development of students’ creative potential.
The Peculiarities of Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Карпушкина Н.В. , Конева И.А. , Юдина Е.А.
Published: November 2020

В статье рассмотрена проблема особенностей суицидального поведения подростков с детским церебральным параличом (ДУП) в сравнении с их нормально развивающимися сверстниками. Описаны факторы риска формирования суицидального поведения у подростков в зависимости от особенностей их развития. Указано на важность профилактической работы с подростками с детским церебральным параличом по предупреждению отклоняющегося поведения. Приведен анализ специфических особенностей проявления отклоняющегося поведения у подростков с детским церебральным параличом, выявлен в процессе эмпирического исследования в сравнении с подростками с нормальным психическим развитием и связанных со структурой дефекта. Так, у подростков с детским церебральным параличом выявлен высокий уровень межличностной и социальной тревожности, высокая демонстративность, аффективность, трудности в формировании межличностных отношений со сверстниками и взрослыми, приводящие к формированию у них чувства одиночества и покинутости, сниженного настроения, а также отсутствие позитивных перспектив в будущем, агрессивность и склонность к аутодеструктивному поведению, которые могут послужить факторами возникновения суицидального поведения. Выявленные особенности подростков с детским церебральным параличом указывают на необходимость разработки и реализации комплексной программы профилактики у них суицидального поведения.

The article treats the issue of suicidal behavior in adolescents with cerebral palsy as compared with their physically able peers. It describes some factors inducing suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior in physically able teenagers and in adolescents with physical disabilities. The article underlines the importance of the prevention of suicidal thoughts and acts among adolescents with cerebral palsy. It empirically assesses and analyzes the peculiarities of suicidal behavior in adolescents with cerebral palsy as compared with suicidal ideation in physically able adolescents. The research shows that teenagers with cerebral palsy show higher levels of interpersonal and social anxiety, ostentation and excessive affectivity, experience communication difficulties when interacting with their peers and adults and, therefore, feel lonely, depressed and neglected, see nothing positive in their future, show aggression and are prone to self-destructive behavior, which can easily trigger suicidal thoughts and acts. The analysis of psychological peculiarities of teenagers with cerebral palsy highlights the necessity to develop and implement a teenager suicide prevention program.
Senolytics for Therapeutic Interventions for Reverse Aging and Extended Healthy Lifespans
Authors:   USA Prime Biotech, LLC, Biswas Shyamasri
Published: November 2020

Cellular senescence is believed to possess a clear hallmark of normal chronological aging. The current research focus has been to better our understanding of the fundamental causes of aging and identification of its potential therapeutic targets as well as modulators of senescence cells. This is considered of paramount importance in maintaining a lasting health and longevity. Senolytics correspond to the drug-mediated process that seek to develop modulating agents for senescence cells to delay, prevent, alleviate, or reverse age-related diseases. Here, we present some of the recent notable breakthroughs in regulating cellular senescence for a number of significant anti-aging and pro-health therapeutic applications of senolytics.
Effective countermeasure for Filovirus infections: focusing monoclonal antibodies as passive prophylaxis shield against Ebola Virus disease.
Authors:   Microbiology Department, All India institute of medical sciences. New Delhi, India, Singh Pradeep
Published: November 2020

In 2020 the pandemic of COVID 19 by SARS-COV 2 infected more than 27 million with more than 875,000 deaths. Present day world is more compact with quick mode of transport between far locations, this makes spread of new viral infections at alarming rates. Similarly, Filovirus is a family of extremely dangerous Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus with up to 90% mortality rate. Since first Filovirus was discovered in 1967, many outbreaks were reported from African countries. Increased number of infected human population in other outbreaks in 2014 – 2017 poses a question of our understanding of Filovirus reservoirs. We are beginning to understand the relation between virus and ecological agents and their role in the spread of disease, but it is still a long road ahead. To counteract and containment of Filovirus infection, it is utmost requirement to understand the viral life cycle patterns, agents involved and type of circulating strains in different geographical locations. This information will provide the basis to develop viable therapies to counteract future outbreaks. In these outbreaks’ magnitude of population and geographical area affected creates the urgency to generate effective vaccines and prophylactic agents so that mortalities can be controlled during future outbreaks. Therapies are required for pre-infection acute phase and post-infection. Here, we summarize recent advances in immunotherapy strategies that can be used as passive prophylaxis. We focused on development of recent monoclonal antibodies and cocktails that can be used as neutralizing agents or immunotherapy for Ebola infected patients During the pre-outbreak period it is required to vaccinate susceptible populations that will allow limiting the infection and mortalities. Furthermore, during the acute phase to neutralize virus and limiting disease symptoms, passive prophylaxis mean neutralizing antibodies are required. In the recent past few promising therapies are developed, some of these are on the clinical trial phase. Here we will review these therapies with their advantages in protecting against Filovirus.
Factors influencing Outcome of Extradural Hematoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
Authors: Jalal Liaqat , Khan Atta-ur-Rehman , Farooq Muhammad Shaukat , Nouman Muhammad Tahir
Published: November 2020

Background: The outcome for this neurosurgical problem is still far from set target in many developing countries like Pakistan. Major proportion of cases presenting with EDH in hospital still has poor outcome. This poor outcome of EDH is attributed to many factors including weak health systems of most developing countries. Objective of study was to analyze factors influencing outcome among patients of head injury with an extradural hematoma before surgery admitted in neurosurgery department of Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in neurosurgery department of Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College from January 2019 to December 2019 after ethical approval. All the patients with extradural hematoma of either gender admitted in the department during the study duration in which surgery was performed to evacuate extradural hematoma were included in the study. Data was collected by using preformed, pretested questionnaire. A vital signs and Glasgow coma scale record was maintained at thirty minutes interval. Computerized tomography was done in every patient. The EDH volume was calculated by using Peterson and Epperson equation a x b x c x 0.5. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Chi square test was applied to observe any statistically significant difference between various strata if existed and p value <0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Total 237 patients with Extradural Hematoma (EDH) were admitted in neurosurgery department during the study period were included in study. More than half 136 (57.4%) patients were more or equal to the age of 18 years. Majority of the patients 218 (91.9%) in the study were male.  Major cause of extradural hematoma among patients in this study was road traffic accident 154 (64.9%). The outcome of EDH was found to be significantly (p <0.001) associated with age of patients. More than ninety percent of the patients who were directly admitted to tertiary care hospital has good outcome as compared to 109 (60.2%) patients which were referred and difference in outcome was statistically significant (p<0.001). The volume of EDH is not significantly associated with the outcome (p=0.090). The GSC score of the patients at the time of admission is significantly associated with the outcome (p<0.001). Study findings showed that GCS score of the patients at the time of surgery was also found to be significantly associated with outcome of EDH (p<0.001).

Conclusion: There is a strong association of outcome in extradural hematoma with age, gender and GCS of the patient. In higher GCS the outcome was excellent but in low GCS the outcome was poor.
The age of digitalization: Tendencies of the labor market
Authors: Dun Liu , Yuan Geng , Lunqu Yuan
Published: November 2020

This essay presents the main trends of changes in the labor market in connection with the digitalization of the world economy. The interrelated problems of increasing labor productivity, reducing workplaces, and ensuring effective demand are considered. The authors propose considering digitalization as a way of promoting creativity in workplaces, albeit having a delayed effect due to the lag in time for the establishment of a world new economic order, during which services are becoming the main product, and digital platforms and ecosystems are the main actors in the global economy. “Creativization” is a new term suggested by the authors, which means a workplace that is being transformed by digitalization, whereby monotonous work processes are replaced by intellectually intensive operations, art elements, and unique high-performance activities.
Smart contracts in OTC derivatives trading: Legal aspects
Authors: Bobkov Kirill A.
Published: November 2020

The articles focuses on opportunities and problems connected with implementation of smart contracts into “over-the-counter” derivatives trading. The importance of success of professionals who work on this cannot be underestimated: the volume of “over-the-counter” derivatives market is huge, its automatization and transparency provided by implemented smart contracts could dramatically increase its economic efficiency. In this study, the author aims at answering the following question: what aspects of “over-the-counter” derivatives trading could take a quantum leap because of the implementation of smart contacts and, per contra, what aspects could not benefit from implementation of underlying technologies at all. The author starts with the overview of “over-the-counter” derivatives market, investigates the matter of its internal design, main features and the structure of legal documentation used by market participants. Then the article provides the analysis of smart contract phenomenon, summary of its engineering aspects and difficulties connected with the implementation of smart contracts as a practical matter, including underlying legal issues. The third part is a synthesis of ideas indicated in previous parts. Herein the author examines the perspectives of adoption of smart contracts in “over-the-counter” derivatives trading, identifies the problems that cannot be resolved yet: different parts of legal relations existing between market participants shall be structured in a flexible way and shall be subject to revision under specific conditions. Smart contracts in their turn cannot be considered as a flexible tool and the revision of their terms requires the input from highly experienced specialists that dramatically increases the costs of their implementation and maintenance. As a matter of conclusion, the author gives recommendation to potential developers of smart contacts to implement them only in relation to the automatization of payments and deliveries as at the moment the clearing can be considered as the most appropriate area for the implementation and use of smart contracts.
The Effects of the Trianon Peace Treaty on the Development of Corrections in Hungary
Authors: Pallo József
Published: November 2020

The Trianon Peace Treaty had a profound effect on the social and governmental structure of Hungary. These changes of course also influenced the field of corrections and actually altered some of its key aspects as well. The author will recall several key penological concepts and ideas from the era to provide an introduction to the philosophical foundations of the establishment of correctional legislation and the resulting substantive changes that occurred. Moreover, a detailed analysis will be provided on the system of enhanced severity workhouses, an emblematic punitive measure that addressed the unfavourable criminological tendencies of the 1920s, that emerged as consequences to the Trianon Peace Treaty. The essay will conclude with deducing the generalized historical, legal and moral lessons and conclusions pertaining to this peculiar period of Hungary.
Social Support To Adolescents Living With HIV / AIDS: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Dâmaso Bruno Felipe Remigio , Pinho Clarissa Mourão , Cabral Juliana Rocha , Quirino Evelyn Maria Braga , Andrade Maria Sandra , Bushatsky Magaly , Oliveira Regina Célia , Silva Lygia Maria Pereira
Published: November 2020

Objective: To identify the scientific evidence of the literature on social support for adolescents with HIV / AIDS.

Methods: An integrative review was carried out in the LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE / PubMed databases, conducted in January 2017.

Results: 12 articles, published between 2005 and 2015, were selected and analyzed, which pointed to the importance of social support to adolescents living with HIV / AIDS. It’s important  to highlight the particular importance of support from relatives and non-relatives, especially regarding to health services and non-governmental organizations.

Conclusions: The support offered by both family members and institutions is considered a potentiating factor in physical, social and psychological health, in positive behaviors and in coping with the condition of living with HIV and AIDS.
Incidence and Factors Associated with Death for Tetanus in Adults
Authors: Beltrão Roberta Andrade , Pinho Clarissa Mourão , Quirino Evelyn Maria Braga , Araújo Ana Catarina de Melo , Araújo Sara Larissa de Melo , Silva Aline Beatriz dos Santos , Silva Maria Beatriz Araújo , Miranda-Filho Demócrito Barros , Andrade Maria Sandra
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Tetanus has a worldwide distribution and high lethality. The goal of this study was to characterize the tetanus cases confirmed in Pernambuco and identify factors associated with death in these patients.

Methods: Cross-sectional, with internal comparison groups. For data analysis we used the chi-square test and Pearson estimated the odds ratios and their respective confidence intervals at 95%. Multivariate analysis was applied to multiple logistic regression

Results: The incidence of tetanus ranged between 0.65 and 2.79 cases per 100,000 inhabitants with higher involvement of adults, male and city population. Only 13.8% had received the vaccine and 23.4% received it as prophylaxis. The average mortality rate was 20.4%. In multivariate analysis, presented neck stiffness as a symptom (p = 0.029), which was associated with increased mortality.

Conclusion: There is a need for greater investment in the prevention of the disease, both in immunization coverage and in the application of prophylaxis. Despite the hospitalization guarantee with proper care, there was an increase in tetanus mortality, suggesting that more specific studies should be conducted to investigate what may have influenced this change. Special attention should be offered to cases that presented neck stiffness as a symptom, because these groups have a higher chance of progressing to death.
A Fast, Two-dimensional Gaussian Process Method Based on Celerite: Applications to Transiting Exoplanet Discovery and Characterization
Authors: Gordon Tyler A. , Agol Eric , Foreman-Mackey Daniel
Published: November 2020

Gaussian processes (GPs) are commonly used as a model of stochastic variability in astrophysical time series. In particular, GPs are frequently employed to account for correlated stellar variability in planetary transit light curves. The efficient application of GPs to light curves containing thousands to tens of thousands of data points has been made possible by recent advances in GP methods, including the celerite method. Here we present an extension of the celerite method to two input dimensions where, typically, the second dimension is small. This method scales linearly with the total number of data points when the noise in each large dimension is proportional to the same celerite kernel and only the amplitude of the correlated noise varies in the second dimension. We demonstrate the application of this method to the problem of measuring precise transit parameters from multiwavelength light curves and show that it has the potential to improve transit parameters measurements by orders of magnitude. Applications of this method include transit spectroscopy and exomoon detection, as well a broader set of astronomical problems.
High-level Ab Initio Studies of the Spectroscopic Properties of Triatomic [Al, S, O]x (x = 0, +1) and Its Potential for Detection in Space
Authors: Esposito Vincent J. , Trabelsi Tarek , Francisco Joseph S.
Published: November 2020

Highly reliable molecular properties have been computed for the [Al, S, O]
x
(x = 0, +1) molecular system. Spectroscopic parameters are predicted from analysis of each isomer’s 3D potential energy surface calculated using the explicitly correlated multireference configuration interaction method, including the Davidson correction (MRCI-F12+Q). These parameters provide an accurate prediction of spectroscopic data that can be used in laboratory and observational studies of these molecules. Linear-SAlO is expected to have a large permanent dipole moment suitable for detection in the circumstellar envelopes of large, evolved, oxygen-rich stars such as VY Canis Majoris, IK Tauri, and R Doradus. Frequencies are provided for rotational transitions originating from the most highly populated rotational state based on a Boltzmann distribution. Additionally, both linear isomers exhibit a flat potential along the bending angle and are predicted to have very low bending mode frequencies (<200 cm−1), complicating the spectra of these molecules.
A Model for the Fast Blue Optical Transient AT2018cow: Circumstellar Interaction of a Pulsational Pair-instability Supernova
Authors: Leung Shing-Chi , Blinnikov Sergei , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Baklanov Petr , Sorokina Elena , Tolstov Alexey
Published: November 2020

The fast blue optical transient (FBOT) ATLAS18qqn (AT2018cow) has a light curve as bright as that of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) but rises and falls much faster. We model this light curve by circumstellar interaction of a pulsational pair-instability (PPI) supernova (SN) model based on our PPISN models studied in previous work. We focus on the 42 M
⊙ He star (core of a 80 M
⊙ star) which has circumstellar matter (CSM) of mass 0.50 M
⊙. With the parameterized mass cut and the kinetic energy of explosion E, we perform hydrodynamical calculations of nucleosynthesis and optical light curves of PPISN models. The optical light curve of the first ∼20 days of AT2018cow is well reproduced by the shock heating of CSM for the 42 M
⊙ He star with E = 5 × 1051 erg. After day 20, the light curve is reproduced by the radioactive decay of 0.6

M

⊙

56

Co, which is a decay product of 56Ni in the explosion. We also examine how the light-curve shape depends on the various model parameters, such as CSM structure and composition. We also discuss (1) other possible energy sources and their constraints, (2) the origin of the observed high-energy radiation, and (3) how our result depends on the radiative transfer codes. Based on our successful model for AT2018cow and the model for SLSN with CSM mass as large as

20

M

⊙

, we propose the working hypothesis that PPISN produces SLSNe if the CSM is massive enough and FBOTs if CSM is less than ∼1 M
⊙.
Optical Transients Found by MASTER during the Observation of LIGO/VIRGO S200219ac Gravitational-wave Event
Authors: Lipunov V. , Kornilov V. , Vlasenko D. , Tiurina N. , Gorbovskoy E. , Gress O. A. , Gorbunov I. , Balanutsa P. , Cheryasov D. , Pozdnyakov A. , Buckley D. , Podesta R. , Rebolo R. , Serra M. , Balakin F. , Chasovnikov A. , Topolev V. , Zhirkov K. , Kuznetsov A. , Vladimirov V. , Senik V. , Gabovich A. , Podesta F. , Francile C. , Budnev N. M. , Sergienko Yu. , Tlatov A. , Grinshpun V. , Minkina E. , Yurkov V.
Published: November 2020

We present the results of MASTER Global Robotic Net optical observations of the region within the LIGO/Virgo S200219ac error-box, triggered during the O3 run. We observed 1124 square degrees inside the 3σ error box during a half month. We present the identified optical transients found during this study, which are not related to gravitational waves, and briefly discuss the MASTER observation strategy.
Atmospheric Dust Causes Darkness to Fall Rapidly on Mars
Authors: Kalucha Hemani , Smith Christina L. , Kloos Jacob , Sapers Haley M. , Moores John E.
Published: November 2020

On mission sol 783 (at Martian solar longitude (L

S
) of 217°), Mars Science Laboratory's MastCam instrument imaged a faint glow, extending upwards from the horizon (Figure 1(a)). The images were acquired from 18:58 to 19:01 LTST, nearly an hour after sunset occurred at 18:05 LTST, providing an opportunity to examine illumination in the Martian sky around sunset. The radiance of the observed glow is small when compared to daytime sky brightness values, with an average value between 20 and 35 μW m−2 Sr−1, and appears brightest in the blue filter (the average B/R ratio is 1.25). The total flux at the time of the measurement was calculated to be 4.2 × 10−4 W m−2, nearly three orders of magnitude dimmer than what would be expected for an Earth-like Atmosphere. An observer on the surface of Mars would thus find twilight becoming deeper much more rapidly than on the Earth.
What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise
Authors: Diagne Christophe , Catford Jane A. , Essl Franz , Nuñez Martín A. , Courchamp Franck
Published: November 2020

Biological invasions can cause substantial economic losses and expenses for management, as well as harm biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. A comprehensive assessment of the economic costs of invasions is a challenging but essential prerequisite for efficient and sustainable management of invasive alien species. Indeed, these costs were shown to be inherently heterogeneous and complex to determine, and substantial knowledge gaps prevent a full understanding of their nature and distribution. Hence, the development of a still-missing global, standard framework for assessing and deciphering invasion costs is essential to identify effective management approaches and optimise legislation. The recent advent of the InvaCost database – the first comprehensive and harmonised compilation of the economic costs associated with biological invasions worldwide – offers unique opportunities to investigate these complex and diverse costs at different scales. Insights provided by such a dataset are likely to be greatest when a diverse range of experience and expertise are combined. For this purpose, an international and multidisciplinary workshop was held from 12th to 15th November 2019 near Paris (France) to launch several project papers based on the data available in InvaCost. Here, we highlight how the innovative research arising from this workshop offers a major step forward in invasion science. We collectively identified five core research opportunities that InvaCost can help to address: (i) decipher how existing costs of invasions are actually distributed in human society; (ii) bridge taxonomic and geographic gaps identified in the costs currently estimated; (iii) harmonise terminology and reporting of costs through a consensual and interdisciplinary framework; (iv) develop innovative methodological approaches to deal with cost estimations and assessments; and (v) provide cost-based information and tools for applied management of invasions. Moreover, we attribute part of the success of the workshop to its consideration of diversity, equity and societal engagement, which increased research efficiency, creativity and productivity. This workshop provides a strong foundation for substantially advancing our knowledge of invasion impacts, fosters the establishment of a dynamic collaborative network on the topic of invasion economics, and highlights new key features for future scientific meetings.
A new species of the genus Amphicteis Grube, 1850 (Annelida, Ampharetidae) from the Yellow Sea, China, together with a redescription of A. dalmatica Hutchings & Rainer, 1979
Authors: Wang Weina , Sui Jixing , Li Xinzheng , Hutchings Pat , Nogueira João Miguel de Matos
Published: November 2020

A new species of the ampharetid genus Amphicteis, A. hwanghaiensissp. nov., is described based on material from the Yellow Sea. The new species is characterized by the possession of long, stout, golden paleae with blunt tips, digitiform rudimentary notopodia on the abdominal uncinigers, uncini with a subrostral process, and a narrow rectangular hump separating branchial groups. Amphicteis dalmatica was redescribed from type materials at the Australian Museum, Sydney, and the differences between A. dalmatica and A. hwanghaiensissp. nov. are discussed. A key to distinguish Amphicteis species described or reported in Western Pacific waters is provided.
La spécificité de la déontologie de la profession d'avocat au regard de celles des autres professions du droit
Authors: Moret-Bailly Joël , Noto-Jaffeux Nelly
Published: November 2020

La spécificité de la déontologie de la profession d'avocat au regard de celles des autres professions du droit peut faire l'objet d'une exploration en ce qui concerne ses origines normatives (histoire et sources formelles) ainsi que son contenu (principes transversaux et règles fonctionnelles), amenant à préciser les éléments que les autres déontologies partagent avec elle et, partant, ses spécificités. L'article explore également l'hypothèse d'un rapprochement entre les déontologies à partir de leur comparaison.
Le renouveau de la médiation
Authors: Bonafé-Schmitt Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2020

Depuis son renouveau au début des années soixante-dix, la médiation commence à avoir une histoire et il convenait de s'interroger sur les raisons du développement de ce mode de gestion des conflits. Si nous parlons de renouveau, c'est que la médiation a toujours existé mais il est difficile de connaître son historicité, son évolution au cours des siècles, en raison du peu de travaux en la matière. Si la médiation a toujours existé, son renouveau s'inscrit dans une crise profonde de nos sociétés, notamment des modes traditionnels de régulation des conflits. Son développement dans tous les champs de la vie sociale montre bien qu'elle ne représente pas une simple technique de règlement des conflits mais qu'elle participe plus largement à la (re) construction du lien social comme en témoigne le développement de la médiation dans les écoles, les quartiers...
Langue poétique et formes dialectales dans les inscriptions versifiées grecques : le cas de la Cyrénaïque
Authors: Dobias-Lalou Catherine
Published: November 2020

Le corpus des inscriptions métriques de Cyrénaïque, constitué de 55 entrées, comprend des textes de types variés et s’étale du vi e  siècle av. J.-C. au vi e  siècle apr. J.-C., avec un pic très net au ii e  siècle apr. J.-C. Comme le dialecte reste encore vivace pendant toute la période hellénistique, on peut étendre l’enquête jusqu’au début de notre ère. Après un catalogue systématique des traits dialectaux retenus ou évités, que ceux-ci relèvent de la phonétique, de la morphologie ou du vocabulaire, la prise en compte des conditions d’énonciation permet d’affiner l’appréciation de la bigarrure linguistique à la lumière d’une étude détaillée de quelques textes représentatifs.
Un nouvel outil numérique : StopCovid
Authors: Chevallier Jacques
Published: November 2020

La création de StopCovid a répondu à une préoccupation d’ordre sanitaire : l’objectif a été de tenter d’enrayer la diffusion de l’épidémie par traçage des contacts ; l’intérêt pratique de cette innovation a été cependant faible. Derrière la finalité sanitaire, se profilent en réalité d’autres enjeux, technologiques, administratifs, économiques et politiques liés à l’exploitation de cet outil numérique, qui expliquent les controverses ayant entouré le dispositif.
« Honneur du politique » et « honneur du fonctionnaire » selon Max Weber : quels prolongements contemporains pour le service public ? Réflexions d’un manager public
Authors: Albertini Jean-Benoît
Published: November 2020

La société exprime des attentes renouvelées – et parfois ambivalentes – envers les services publics pour une réponse efficiente et réactive face aux enjeux de cohésion sociale et territoriale et de responsabilité environnementale. Dans le même temps, la crise de la représentation politique appelle un nouvel engagement citoyen dans lequel la décision publique devrait être davantage éclairée par les principes de coconstruction, d’évaluation et de participation ainsi que par des modes d’adaptation/différenciation territoriale qui s’inscrivent désormais dans notre droit. Dans ce contexte, le manager public se voit interpellé avec force : il ne peut pelus seulement être « la main de la loi », mais doit rendre explicites et concrètes les valeurs qui nourrissent le débat démocratique et l’action publique. Sans renoncer aux principes fondateurs de la fonction publique en matière d’impartialité et de neutralité, il est appelé à manifester un engagement renouvelé au service d’une citoyenneté active et responsable, en « habitant » sa fonction et en donnant corps, plus que jamais, à des fonctions explicites ou implicites de médiation et de régulation, mais aussi d’implication active au service de la transmission de valeurs qui fondent le pacte social.
The Effects of Digitalization on Entrepreneurial Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Tagne Joel Stephan
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study is to show the effects of digitalization on the innovative capability of companies in Sub-Saharan Africa. To meet this objective, the authors used the World Bank data (Enterprise Survey) on survey of service companies and manufacturing industries in 2016. Making use of a binary probit model and a recursive bivariate probit model, they found that digitization has a significant effect on business innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, they found that when a company has a website, its probability of introducing an innovation in to the market increases by 27% as compared to companies without a website. However, when a company has its own website, the probability to introduce an incremental innovation is 0.34 higher than radical innovation. Thus, they can recommend to entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa to invest not only in the digitalization of their companies but also and above all in research and development, which is a translational and inevitable determinant for radical innovation.
The Relevance of Feedback Mechanisms to Library Databases in Academic Libraries
Authors: Soliudeen Muhammed Jamiu
Published: November 2020

This chapter studies the relevance of the feedback mechanism on the library database in academic libraries. The study is a systematic literature review which uses Kitchenham and Charters methodology. The chapter has three objectives, which are to enumerate the concept of information retrieval and its problems and the relevance of feedback mechanism to the database in academic libraries. The findings indicated that feedback is very important in the information retrieval systems most especially in relation to the database in an academic library. The contributions of this chapter show that the feedback mechanism is relevant to information retrieval. It also creates awareness among librarians of the importance of these mechanisms and encouraged them to seek for a database with these components whenever they want to buy a new database for their various institutions. The chapter, however, recommends further empirical studies on the subject matter.
Dysphagia and Considerations for Nutritional Intervention
Authors: Weatherill Maryanne
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses a clinical case from the interdisciplinary practice of dysphagia and the collaboration between speech-language pathology clinicians and dietetics professionals from the perspective of the speech-language pathologist. The discussion begins with an introduction to the normal swallowing process to better understand disordered swallowing and the role of therapeutic and compensatory interventions. Changes in swallowing that occur with normal aging and their impact are identified and reviewed. Common interventions and considerations in the clinical management of dysphagia from the perspective of the speech-language pathologist are included with rationale based on the current literature. Swallowing motor functions and factors in dysphagia decision making are discussed in relationship to clinical problem solving with a sample case and nutritional interventions. The chapter closes with general recommendations and conclusions to assist in learning and understanding of the concepts discussed.
Diarrhea/Constipation
Authors: Alashmali Shoug
Published: November 2020

This chapter will discuss a case of diarrhea/constipation. Diarrhea and constipation are functional bowel disorders (FBDs) of the mid or lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These FBDs result from intestinal motility dysfunction and/or changes in intestinal fluid absorption, which in turn leads to bloating, discomfort, and occasionally, abdominal pain. Certain dietary choices aggravate these conditions, leading to serious complications. Management of diarrhea/constipation usually requires the use of medications and/or lifestyle modifications. The presently discussed case involved factors that exacerbated the conditions of diarrhea/constipation. This case serves as an example of the role of medical nutrition therapy in managing FBDs (particularly diarrhea and constipation). Moreover, this case will allow the dietetic professional to assess the causes of diarrhea/constipation in order to plan for the nutrition intervention and educate the patient about the dietary manipulations required to reduce their symptoms.
Lactose Intolerance
Authors: Bakhsh Jomanah Abduljalil H.
Published: November 2020

This chapter presents a case scenario of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest and absorb lactose, which is the sugar in milk, due to deficiency of the enzyme lactase. This condition commonly occurs after weaning, and it results in various gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. In addition, it may result in nutritional deficiencies. Management of lactose intolerance requires diet manipulations. This case study provides the needed information to implement the appropriate intervention such as patient's details and case history. Moreover, the case analysis section discusses in detail the disease pathophysiology and the medical nutrition therapy goals. This comprehensive analysis will allow the dietetic professional to follow the nutrition care process (NCP) framework (assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring and evaluation) to properly intervene and deal with the case. This case study will show the importance of the medical nutrition therapy for the management of lactose intolerance.