bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Welfare without the Welfare State”: Milton Friedman's Negative Income Tax and the Monetization of Poverty
Authors: Zamora Vargas Daniel
Published: August 2022

Recent years have witnessed a marked revival of guaranteed-income proposals. Among these, Milton Friedman's negative income tax is one of the most successful ideas to establish a universal floor of income for every citizen. Elaborated in the early 1940s, it attracted widespread attention among economists and policy makers in the aftermath of Johnson's War on Poverty. This contribution will, however, focus on the intellectual setting under which Friedman envisioned a new way to think about poverty. Tracing back the origin of the proposal in the context of the New Deal, this article shows how Friedman hollowed out redistributive considerations from the hierarchies of needs, notions of duty, or citizenship that were common in the British welfarist conception and preexisting notions of equality where the state played a key role by replacing it with a monetary and market-friendly conception of poverty.
EU–Third Country Dialogue on IUU Fishing: The Transformation of Thailand's Fisheries Laws
Authors: Naiki Yoshiko , Rakpong Jaruprapa
Published: August 2022

This article addresses the impacts of the carding system (green, yellow, red) of the European Union (EU) Regulation on illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing on the fisheries laws of third countries. Specifically, it analyzes Thailand's national legal reforms, which followed interactions between the EU and Thailand during the yellow card period. Building on past research on the EU's use of market power to exert regulatory influence on third countries, the article explores other factors that might encourage third countries to engage in national regulatory reforms: the EU's powers of expertise, monitoring, and agenda-setting. Finally, the article also considers the legitimacy of the EU's regulatory power over third countries.
Neutral Composition Information in ICON EUV Dayglow Observations
Authors: Tuminello Richard M. , England Scott L. , Sirk Martin M. , Meier R. R. , Stephan Andrew W. , Korpela Eric J. , Immel Thomas J. , Mende Stephen B. , Frey Harald U.
Published: August 2022

Since the earliest space‐based observations of Earth's atmosphere, ultraviolet (UV) airglow has proven a useful resource for remote sensing of the ionosphere and thermosphere. The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) spacecraft, whose mission is to explore the connections between ionosphere and thermosphere utilizes UV airglow in the typical way: an extreme‐UV (EUV) spectrometer uses dayglow between 54 and 88 nm to measure the density of O+, and a far‐UV spectrograph uses the O 135.6 nm doublet and N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield band dayglow to measure the column ratio of O to N2 in the upper thermosphere. Two EUV emission features, O+ 61.6 and 83.4 nm, are used for the O+ retrieval; however, many other features are captured along the EUV instrument's spectral dimension. In this study, we examine the other dayglow features observed by ICON EUV and demonstrate that it measures a nitrogen feature around 87.8 nm which can be used to observe the neutral thermosphere.
Efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Karaszewska Dominika , Cleintuar Patrick , Oudijn Marloes , Lok Anja , van Elburg Annemarie , Denys Damiaan , Mocking Roel
Published: August 2022

Background

Several pioneering studies investigated deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, but overall effects remain yet unclear. Aim of this study was to obtain estimates of efficacy of DBS in AN-patients using meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched three electronic databases until 1st of November 2021, using terms related to DBS and AN. We included trials that investigated the clinical effects of DBS in AN-patients. We obtained data including psychiatric comorbidities, medication use, DBS target, and study duration. Primary outcome was Body Mass Index (BMI), secondary outcome was quality of life, and the severity of psychiatric symptoms, including eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. We assessed the risk of bias using the ROBINS-I tool.

Results

Four studies were included for meta-analysis, with a total of 56 patients with treatment-refractory AN. Follow-up ranged from 6–24 months. Random effects meta-analysis showed a significant increase in BMI following DBS, with a large effect size (Hedges’s g = 1 ∙ 13; 95% CI = 0 ∙ 80 to 1 ∙ 46; Z-value = 6 ∙ 75; P < 0 ∙ 001), without heterogeneity (I2 = 0 ∙ 00, P = 0 ∙ 901). Random effects meta-analysis also showed a significant increase in quality of life (Hedges’s g = 0 ∙ 86; 95% CI = 0 ∙ 44 to 1 ∙ 28; Z-value = 4 ∙ 01, P < 0 ∙ 001). Furthermore, DBS decreased the severity of psychiatric symptoms (Hedges’s g = 0 ∙ 89; 95% CI = 0 ∙ 57 to 1 ∙ 21; Z-value = 5 ∙ 47; P < 0 ∙ 001, I2 = 4 ∙ 29, P = 0 ∙ 371).

Discussion

In this first meta-analysis, DBS showed statistically large beneficial effects on weight restoration, quality of life, and reduction of psychiatric symptoms in patients with treatment-refractory AN. These outcomes call for more extensive naturalistic studies to determine the clinical relevance for functional recovery.

This study is preregistered in PROSPERO,CRD42022295712.
Visualizing molecular interactions that determine assembly of a bullet-shaped vesicular stomatitis virus particle
Authors: Jenni Simon , Horwitz Joshua A. , Bloyet Louis-Marie , Whelan Sean P. J. , Harrison Stephen C.
Published: August 2022

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with a non-segmented genome, closely related to rabies virus. Both have characteristic bullet-like shapes. We report the structure of intact, infectious VSV particles determined by cryogenic electron microscopy. By compensating for polymorphism among viral particles with computational classification, we obtained a reconstruction of the shaft (“trunk”) at 3.5 Å resolution, with lower resolution for the rounded tip. The ribonucleoprotein (RNP), genomic RNA complexed with nucleoprotein (N), curls into a dome-like structure with about eight gradually expanding turns before transitioning into the regular helical trunk. Two layers of matrix (M) protein link the RNP with the membrane. Radial inter-layer subunit contacts are fixed within single RNA-N-M1-M2 modules, but flexible lateral and axial interactions allow assembly of polymorphic virions. Together with published structures of recombinant N in various states, our results suggest a mechanism for membrane-coupled self-assembly of VSV and its relatives.
Parametric longitudinal coupling between a high-impedance superconducting resonator and a semiconductor quantum dot singlet-triplet spin qubit
Authors: Bøttcher C. G. L. , Harvey S. P. , Fallahi S. , Gardner G. C. , Manfra M. J. , Vool U. , Bartlett S. D. , Yacoby A.
Published: August 2022

Coupling qubits to a superconducting resonator provides a mechanism to enable long-distance entangling operations in a quantum computer based on spins in semiconducting materials. Here, we demonstrate a controllable spin-photon coupling based on a longitudinal interaction between a spin qubit and a resonator. We show that coupling a singlet-triplet qubit to a high-impedance superconducting resonator can produce the desired longitudinal coupling when the qubit is driven near the resonator’s frequency. We measure the energy splitting of the qubit as a function of the drive amplitude and frequency of a microwave signal applied near the resonator antinode, revealing pronounced effects close to the resonator frequency due to longitudinal coupling. By tuning the amplitude of the drive, we reach a regime with longitudinal coupling exceeding 1 MHz. This mechanism for qubit-resonator coupling represents a stepping stone towards producing high-fidelity two-qubit gates mediated by a superconducting resonator.
Social incentivization of instrumental choice in mice requires amygdala-prelimbic cortex-nucleus accumbens connectivity
Authors: Kietzman Henry W. , Trinoskey-Rice Gracy , Blumenthal Sarah A. , Guo Jidong D. , Gourley Shannon L.
Published: August 2022

Social experiences influence decision making, including decision making lacking explicit social content, yet mechanistic factors are unclear. We developed a new procedure, social incentivization of future choice (SIFC). Female mice are trained to nose poke for equally-preferred foods, then one food is paired with a novel conspecific, and the other with a novel object. Mice later respond more for the conspecific-associated food. Thus, prior social experience incentivizes later instrumental choice. SIFC is pervasive, occurring following multiple types of social experiences, and is not attributable to warmth or olfactory cues alone. SIFC requires the prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PL), but not the neighboring orbitofrontal cortex. Further, inputs from the basolateral amygdala to the PL and outputs to the nucleus accumbens are necessary for SIFC, but not memory for a conspecific. Basolateral amygdala→PL connections may signal the salience of social information, leading to the prioritization of coincident rewards via PL→nucleus accumbens outputs.
Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink
Authors: O’Sullivan Michael , Friedlingstein Pierre , Sitch Stephen , Anthoni Peter , Arneth Almut , Arora Vivek K. , Bastrikov Vladislav , Delire Christine , Goll Daniel S. , Jain Atul , Kato Etsushi , Kennedy Daniel , Knauer Jürgen , Lienert Sebastian , Lombardozzi Danica , McGuire Patrick C. , Melton Joe R. , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Pongratz Julia , Poulter Benjamin , Séférian Roland , Tian Hanqin , Vuichard Nicolas , Walker Anthony P. , Yuan Wenping , Yue Xu , Zaehle Sönke
Published: August 2022

The observed global net land carbon sink is captured by current land models. All models agree that atmospheric CO2and nitrogen deposition driven gains in carbon stocks are partially offset by climate and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) losses. However, there is a lack of consensus in the partitioning of the sink between vegetation and soil, where models do not even agree on the direction of change in carbon stocks over the past 60 years. This uncertainty is driven by plant productivity, allocation, and turnover response to atmospheric CO2(and to a smaller extent to LULCC), and the response of soil to LULCC (and to a lesser extent climate). Overall, differences in turnover explain ~70% of model spread in both vegetation and soil carbon changes. Further analysis of internal plant and soil (individual pools) cycling is needed to reduce uncertainty in the controlling processes behind the global land carbon sink.
Regional connectivity drove bidirectional transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Middle East during travel restrictions
Authors: Parker Edyth , Anderson Catelyn , Zeller Mark , Tibi Ahmad , Havens Jennifer L. , Laroche Geneviève , Benlarbi Mehdi , Ariana Ardeshir , Robles-Sikisaka Refugio , Latif Alaa Abdel , Watts Alexander , Awidi Abdalla , Jaradat Saied A. , Gangavarapu Karthik , Ramesh Karthik , Kurzban Ezra , Matteson Nathaniel L. , Han Alvin X. , Hughes Laura D. , McGraw Michelle , Spencer Emily , Nicholson Laura , Khan Kamran , Suchard Marc A. , Wertheim Joel O. , Wohl Shirlee , Côté Marceline , Abdelnour Amid , Andersen Kristian G. , Abu-Dayyeh Issa
Published: August 2022

Regional connectivity and land travel have been identified as important drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, the generalizability of this finding is understudied outside of well-sampled, highly connected regions. In this study, we investigated the relative contributions of regional and intercontinental connectivity to the source-sink dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 for Jordan and the Middle East. By integrating genomic, epidemiological and travel data we show that the source of introductions into Jordan was dynamic across 2020, shifting from intercontinental seeding in the early pandemic to more regional seeding for the travel restrictions period. We show that land travel, particularly freight transport, drove introduction risk during the travel restrictions period. High regional connectivity and land travel also drove Jordan’s export risk. Our findings emphasize regional connectedness and land travel as drivers of transmission in the Middle East.
FVC, but not FEV1, is associated with clinical outcomes of asthma-COPD overlap
Authors: An Tai Joon , Rhee Chin Kook , Park Yong Bum , Yoo Kwang-Ha , Yoon Hyoung Kyu
Published: August 2022

The effects of forced vital capacity (FVC) on clinical outcomes of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases overlap (ACO) are still unknown. We conducted this study to examine the association of FVC on clinical outcomes in ACO. Data from the Korean COPD Subgroup Study cohort were analyzed. Patients who fulfilled the ACO criteria were included and grouped according to FVC changes, such as FVC-incline and FVC-decline. No significant differences were observed between the FVC-incline and FVC-decline groups in baseline clinical characteristics. In a year after, FVC-decline group experienced more moderate (47.1% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.02) and moderate-to-severe (49.8% vs. 39.6%, p = 0.03) acute exacerbations (AEs), compared to FVC-incline group. The frequency of moderate AEs (1.3 ± 2.1 vs. 0.9 ± 1.7, p = 0.03) and moderate-to-severe AEs (1.5 ± 2.5 vs. 1.1 ± 1.9, p = 0.04) were higher in the FVC-decline group than in the FVC-incline groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, FVC-decline group was associated with moderate AEs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–2.44; p = 0.04), and moderate-to-severe AEs (OR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.01–2.41; p < 0.05) in ACO patients, which was not seen in FEV1 changes. FVC changes are associated with clinical outcomes in ACO.
Increased TRIM31 gene expression is positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 associated genes TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 in gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Temena Mehmet Arda , Acar Ahmet
Published: August 2022

Besides typical respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 patients also have gastrointestinal symptoms. Studies focusing on the gastrointestinal tumors derived from gastrointestinal tissues have raised a question whether these tumors might express higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 associated genes and therefore patients diagnosed with GI cancers may be more susceptible to the infection. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of SARS-CoV-2 associated genes and their co-expressions in gastrointestinal solid tumors, cancer cell lines and patient-derived organoids relative to their normal counterparts. Moreover, we have found increased co-expression of TMPRSS2-TMPRSS4 in gastrointestinal cancers suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 viral infection known to be mediated by this protease pair might facilitate the effects of viral infection in GI cancer patients. Further, our findings also demonstrate that TRIM31 expression is upregulated in gastrointestinal tumors, while the inhibition of TRIM31 significantly altered viral replication and viral processes associated with cellular pathways in gastrointestinal cancer samples. Taken together, these findings indicate that in addition to the co-expression of TMPRSS2-TMPRSS4 protease pair in GI cancers, TRIM31 expression is positively correlated with this pair and TRIM31 may play a role in providing an increased susceptibility in GI cancer patients to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Establishment of a system evaluating the contractile force of electrically stimulated myotubes from wrinkles formed on elastic substrate
Authors: Hamaguchi Hiroki , Matsui Tsubasa S. , Deguchi Shinji , Furuichi Yasuro , Fujii Nobuharu L. , Manabe Yasuko
Published: August 2022

Muscle weakness is detrimental not only to quality of life but also life expectancy. However, effective drugs have still not been developed to improve and prevent muscle weakness associated with aging or diseases. One reason for the delay in drug discovery is that no suitable in vitro screening system has been established to test whether drugs improve muscle strength. Here, we used a specific deformable silicone gel substrate to effectively and sensitively evaluate the contractile force generated by myotubes from wrinkles formed on the substrate. Using this system, it was found that the contractile force generated by an atrophic phenotype of myotubes induced by dexamethasone or cancer cell-conditioned medium treatment significantly decreased while that generated by hypertrophic myotubes induced by insulin-like growth factor-1 significantly increased. Notably, it was found that changes in the index related to contractile force can detect atrophic or hypertrophic phenotypes more sensitively than changes in myotube diameter or myosin heavy chain expression, both commonly used to evaluate myotube function. These results suggest that our proposed system will be an effective tool for assessing the contractile force-related state of myotubes, which are available for the development of drugs to prevent and/or treat muscle weakness.
Efficient genome editing in wild strains of mice using the i-GONAD method
Authors: Imai Yuji , Tanave Akira , Matsuyama Makoto , Koide Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2022

Wild mouse strains have been used for many research studies, because of the high level of inter-strain genetic and phenotypic variations in them, in addition to the characteristic phenotype maintained from wild mice. However, since application of the current genetic engineering method on wild strains is not easy, there are limited studies that have attempted to apply gene modification techniques in wild strains. Recently, i-GONAD, a new method for genome editing that does not involve any ex vivo manipulation of unfertilized or fertilized eggs has been reported. We applied i-GONAD method for genome editing on a series of wild strains and showed that genome editing is efficiently possible using this method. We successfully made genetically engineered mice in seven out of the nine wild strains. Moreover, we believe that it is still possible to apply milder conditions and improve the efficiencies for the remaining two strains. These results will open avenues for studying the genetic basis of various phenotypes that are characteristic to wild strains. Furthermore, applying i-GONAD will be also useful for other mouse resources in which genetic manipulation is difficult using the method of microinjection into fertilized eggs.
Fitness tracking reveals task-specific associations between memory, mental health, and physical activity
Authors: Manning Jeremy R. , Notaro Gina M. , Chen Esme , Fitzpatrick Paxton C.
Published: August 2022

Physical activity can benefit both physical and mental well-being. Different forms of exercise (e.g., aerobic versus anaerobic; running versus walking, swimming, or yoga; high-intensity interval training versus endurance workouts; etc.) impact physical fitness in different ways. For example, running may substantially impact leg and heart strength but only moderately impact arm strength. We hypothesized that the mental benefits of physical activity might be similarly differentiated. We focused specifically on how different intensities of physical activity might relate to different aspects of memory and mental health. To test our hypothesis, we collected (in aggregate) roughly a century’s worth of fitness data. We then asked participants to fill out surveys asking them to self-report on different aspects of their mental health. We also asked participants to engage in a battery of memory tasks that tested their short and long term episodic, semantic, and spatial memory performance. We found that participants with similar physical activity habits and fitness profiles tended to also exhibit similar mental health and task performance profiles. These effects were task-specific in that different physical activity patterns or fitness characteristics varied with different aspects of memory, on different tasks. Taken together, these findings provide foundational work for designing physical activity interventions that target specific components of cognitive performance and mental health by leveraging low-cost fitness tracking devices.
Loss of Nexmif results in the expression of phenotypic variability and loss of genomic integrity
Authors: Stekelenburg Caroline , Blouin Jean-Louis , Santoni Federico , Zaghloul Norann , O’Hare Elisabeth A. , Dusaulcy Rodolphe , Maechler Pierre , Schwitzgebel Valerie M.
Published: August 2022

We identified two NEXMIF variants in two unrelated individuals with non-autoimmune diabetes and autistic traits, and investigated the expression of Nexmif in mouse and human pancreas and its function in pancreatic beta cells in vitro and in vivo. In insulin-secreting INS-1E cells, Nexmif expression increased strongly in response to oxidative stress. CRISPR Cas9-generated Nexmif knockout mice exhibited a reduced number of proliferating beta cells in pancreatic islets. RNA sequencing of pancreatic islets showed that the downregulated genes in Nexmif mutant islets are involved in stress response and the deposition of epigenetic marks. They include H3f3b, encoding histone H3.3, which is associated with the regulation of beta-cell proliferation and maintains genomic integrity by silencing transposable elements, particularly LINE1 elements. LINE1 activity has been associated with autism and neurodevelopmental disorders in which patients share characteristics with NEXMIF patients, and can cause genomic instability and genetic variation through retrotransposition. Nexmif knockout mice exhibited various other phenotypes. Mortality and phenotypic abnormalities increased in each generation in both Nexmif mutant and non-mutant littermates. In Nexmif mutant mice, LINE1 element expression was upregulated in the pancreas, brain, and testis, possibly inducing genomic instability in Nexmif mutant mice and causing phenotypic variability in their progeny.
Classification of early age facial growth pattern and identification of the genetic basis in two Korean populations
Authors: Cha Mi-Yeon , Hong Yu-Jin , Choi Ja-Eun , Kwon Tae-Song , Kim Ig-Jae , Hong Kyung-Won
Published: August 2022

Childhood to adolescence is an accelerated growth period, and genetic features can influence differences of individual growth patterns. In this study, we examined the genetic basis of early age facial growth (EAFG) patterns. Facial shape phenotypes were defined using facial landmark distances, identifying five growth patterns: continued-decrease, decrease-to-increase, constant, increase-to-decrease, and continued-increase. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 10 horizontal and 11 vertical phenotypes. The most significant association for horizontal phenotypes was rs610831 (TRIM29; β = 0.92, p-value = 1.9 × 10−9) and for vertical phenotypes was rs6898746 (ZSWIM6; β = 0.1103, p-value = 2.5 × 10−8). It is highly correlated with genes already reported for facial growth. This study is the first to classify and characterize facial growth patterns and related genetic polymorphisms.
Perfluoroalkyl Compounds for Industrial and Other Applications
Authors: Amii Hideki
Published: August 2022

Organofluorine compounds are substances of considerable interest in wide areas of science because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Owing to the tremendous demands in the fields of science and technology, the development of new methods for the synthesis of fluorine-containing organic compounds has been required. Among them, perfluoroalkylated organic compounds have been used in several areas of chemistry owing to their characteristic material properties and even their biological activities. In this chapter, recent progress in the effective synthesis and certain applications of perfluoroalkyl compounds is described.
Fluorinated Ionic Liquids: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Blesic Marijana , Barbará Pedro Verdía
Published: August 2022

This chapter reviews the state of the art in the syntheses, properties, and applications of fluorinated ionic liquids containing moieties with at least three fully fluorinated carbon atoms in their structure. The wide variety of synthetic strategies for the incorporation of fluorinated chains into the cation or anion of ionic liquids, and also the selected physicochemical properties of the resulting fluorinated ionic liquids, are reviewed. The applications of fluorinated ionic liquids that have been investigated by numerous research groups are also summarized, highlighting the main findings regarding their performances. Finally, the main benefits and drawbacks of the implementation of fluorinated ionic liquids in different processes are assessed and the best opportunities for future research on fluorinated ionic liquids are discussed.
Fluorine in Medicine
Authors: Yamaguchi H.
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, the medical applications of fluorine atoms are discussed, focusing on 18F-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) agents. Various drugs contain fluorine atoms, and recently fluorine has been used for in vivo imaging. Although 19F magnetic resonance imaging via the stable 19F isotope is still being researched, 18F-PET imaging using radioactive 18F is widely used in clinical examinations. Most of the 18F-PET agents used for such imaging are manufactured in hospitals using a cyclotron and labelling synthesizer, which is discussed along with the types of test agents available.
Perfluoroalkyl-containing Compounds as a Tool for Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Aikawa K. , Okazoe T.
Published: August 2022

Drugs with medium-sized molecules, such as peptide and nucleic acid drugs, are considered to be next-generation drugs. However, several obstacles are currently preventing their widespread use in clinical applications, such as their low stability in the body and poor cellular membrane permeability. To overcome these issues, perfluoroalkyl-containing molecules with irreplaceable features are being developed as a very useful means of delivering drugs with medium-sized molecules. Drug delivery systems using perfluoroalkyl-containing molecules, fluorinated lipid-like molecules, fluorinated oligonucleotides, fluorinated peptides, and fluorinated polymers are described in this chapter.
Quantitative analysis of multiple breast cancer biomarkers using DNA-PAINT
Authors: Chen Zengwei , Yin Gaoqiang , Wei Jinxiu , Qi Tongsheng , Qian Ziting , Wang Zhuyuan , Zong Shenfei , Cui Yiping
Published: August 2022

Combined with a machine learning algorithm, the DNA-PAINT based quantitative analysis of five cellular surface biomarkers (PD-L1, CTLA-4, HER2, EpCAM, and EGFR) was able to distinguish different kinds of breast cancer.
Addition of sodium alginate as a nucleus shortens granulation of aerobic sludge
Authors: Tang Yinghui , Wu Qingyu , Chen Yao , Liu Zhen , Chen Ying , Chen Renyu , Wu Qiong , Ren Bangxing , Li Cong
Published: August 2022

To date, only a handful of studies have described application of organic materials as carriers (nuclei) in the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system, compared to inorganic materials.
High-throughput force measurement of individual kinesin-1 motors during multi-motor transport
Authors: Shukla Saurabh , Troitskaia Alice , Swarna Nikhila , Maity Barun Kumar , Tjioe Marco , Bookwalter Carol S. , Trybus Kathleen M. , Chemla Yann R. , Selvin Paul R.
Published: August 2022

A high-throughput molecular force sensor that uses single-stranded DNA as a force sensing molecule. It can measure pico-Newton level forces of multiple kinesin motors transporting a microtubule.
Protein encapsulation within the internal cavity of a bacterioferritin
Authors: Bradley Justin M. , Gray Elizabeth , Richardson Jake , Moore Geoffrey R. , Le Brun Nick E.
Published: August 2022

The controlled, reversible dissociation of bacterioferritin allows the trapping of guest molecules such as proteins within the internal cavity.
Recent progress in use of MXene in perovskite solar cells: for interfacial modification, work-function tuning and additive engineering
Authors: Qamar Samina , Fatima Kalsoom , Ullah Naimat , Akhter Zareen , Waseem Amir , Sultan Muhammad
Published: August 2022

The use of MXene materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted a great deal of attention in a relatively very short period of time.
Modified reverse ADOR assembles Al-rich UTL zeolite from IPC-1P layers
Authors: Veselý Ondřej , Mazur Michal , Přech Jan , Čejka Jiří
Published: August 2022

Extra-large pore zeolites clear the way for the synthesis of fine chemicals and bulky compounds unable to enter the channels of medium- and large-pore zeolites.
Transition-metal-catalyst-free reaction of amides and acetonitriles: synthesis of β-ketonitriles
Authors: Park Myeong Seong , Lee Sunwoo
Published: August 2022

The first example of the coupling reaction between amide and acetonitrile for the synthesis of β-ketonitriles was developed. Various amides provide the corresponding β-ketonitriles in good yields.
Photoinduced C–O bond cleavage for copper-catalyzed allenyl radical cyanation
Authors: Lu Fu-Dong , Shu Zhen-Cao , He Gui-Feng , Bai Jun-Chuan , Lu Liang-Qiu , Xiao Wen-Jing
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of allenyl nitriles was realized through the combination of photoinduced C–O bond cleavage and copper catalysis. Both 1,3-disubstituted and trisubstituted allenyl nitriles were accessed with good yields and high regioselectivity.
Recurrent neural network (RNN) model accelerates the development of antibacterial metronidazole derivatives
Authors: Chen Nannan , Yang Lijuan , Ding Na , Li Guiwen , Cai Jiajing , An Xiaoli , Wang Zhijie , Qin Jie , Niu Yuzhen
Published: August 2022

Generating antibacterial metronidazole derivatives using a recurrent neural network model.
Stretched three-dimensional white graphene with a tremendous lattice thermal conductivity increase rate
Authors: Han Yang , Liang Yue , Liu Xiaochuang , Jia Shijie , Zhao Chaoxiang , Yang Longbin , Ding Jiabao , Hong Guo , Termentzidis Konstantinos
Published: August 2022

Thermal conductivity of the 3D h-BN honeycomb structure increases by 7.2 times under strain compared to an increase of only 0.67 times in the strained 3D graphene counterpart, differing from behaviors of traditional bulk diamond or silicon.
Synthesis and mechanism of biological action of morpholinyl-bearing arylsquaramides as small-molecule lysosomal pH modulators
Authors: Zhang Tao , Hong Xiao-Qiao , Zhi Hai-Tao , Hu Jinhui , Chen Wen-Hua
Published: August 2022

A family of small-molecule arylsquaramides were synthesized as transmembrane anion transporters for modulating lysosomal pH.
Reading textual and non-textual explanations in chemistry texts and textbooks – a review
Authors: Meyer David , Pietzner Verena
Published: August 2022

Reading is an integral part of chemistry education. The language of chemistry plays a major role when reading chemistry texts and textbooks. Reading textual and non-textual explanations impact students’ understanding of chemistry texts and textbooks. In our review we outline the importance of reading texts and textbooks in chemistry education. We offer different points of view to look at textbook research (conceptual, socio-historical, textual, non-textual) and reading research (readability and comprehensibility) and focus on reading research on textual and non-textual explanations. We point out two major shifts in research interests on texts, textbooks and reading: from readability to comprehensibility and from textual to non-textual explanations. We consider research from the 1950s until today and analyse literature concerning elementary, secondary and tertiary science and chemistry education. Finally, we review ideas for encouraging reading and conclude by presenting recommendations for chemistry education researchers and chemistry teachers on how to improve reading in chemistry education.
Ionic shape memory polymer gels as multifunctional sensors
Authors: An YingJun , Yoshida Haruki , Jing Yuxin , Liang Tian , Okuzaki Hidenori
Published: August 2022

The wearable shape memory multifunctional sensor array is capable of sensing both direction and quantity of bending displacement and velocity.
Balancing charge dissipation and generation: mechanisms and strategies for achieving steady-state charge of contact electrification at interfaces of matter
Authors: Ao Chi Kit , Jiang Yan , Zhang Linwan , Yan Chuanyu , Ma Junhao , Liu Changhui , Jiang Yuting , Zhang Wanyu , Soh Siowling
Published: August 2022

The dissipation of static charge generated by contact electrification occurs readily into all interfaces of matter via different fundamental mechanisms and critically affects the desired level of steady-state charge in practical applications.
Wave-transparent LAS enabling superior bandwidth electromagnetic wave absorption of a 2D pitaya carbon slice
Authors: Ding Chunyan , Fu Hui , Wu Tao , Li Yingjie , Wu Songsong , Ren Xiaozhen , Gao Zengli , Guo Kai , Xia Long , Wen Guangwu , Huang Xiaoxiao
Published: August 2022

2D pitaya slice nano-LAS/carbon sheets prepared by ammonium nitrate-assisted self-polymerization andin situblown strategy achieved superior EMW absorbing performance with 8.21 GHz bandwidth.
Metal oxyhydroxide nanosheet-assisted fabrication of ultrathin carbon molecular sieve membrane for hydrogen separation
Authors: He Kaiqiang , Hu Yaoxin , Low Ze-Xian , Wang Ruoxin , Wang Fanmengjing , Ma Hongyu , Chen Xiaofang , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Wang Huanting
Published: August 2022

An ultrathin carbon molecular sieve membrane with superior H2/CO2 separation performance was fabricated by using metal oxyhydroxide nanosheets as a scaffold.
Optimizing sequence structures by stepwise-feeding terpolymerization for high-performance organic solar cells
Authors: Huang Bin , Deng Xiangmeng , Jin Hui , Liu Kunming , Chen Shanshan , Ma Zaifei , Oh Jiyeon , Yang Changduk , Liu Jinbiao , Chen Lie
Published: August 2022

A novel stepwise-feeding terpolymerization approach is developed to finely adjust the terpolymerization process.
Improving hydrogen production for carbon-nitride-based materials: crystallinity, cyanimide groups and alkali metals in solution working synergistically
Authors: Teixeira Ivo F. , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Silva Ingrid F. , Atta Diab Gabriel Ali , Salas Nieves López , Savateev Aleksandr , Antonietti Markus
Published: August 2022

The recent findings on the fundamental understanding of the activity of carbon nitride-based materials in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) allow to design rationally the photocatalytic systems with improved activities.
Delivery process and effective design of vectors for cancer therapy
Authors: Gao Fengyuan , Yu Bing , Cong Hailin , Shen Youqing
Published: August 2022

This review aims to summarize different drug delivery vehicles and delivery processes to provide ideas for effective cancer therapy.
Theoretical simulation and experimental verification of the competition between different recombination channels in GaN semiconductors
Authors: Zhang Hai-Shan , Shi Lin , Liu Zheng-Hui , Xu Geng-Zhao , Song Wen-Tao , Wang Ya-Kun , Xu Zhong-Jie , Yang Xiao-Bao , Zhao Yu-Jun , Yang Xue-Lin , Shen Bo , Wang Lin-Wang , Xu Ke
Published: August 2022

We simulate the time-resolved decay process of the yellow band in GaN based on the first principles, and the simulated decay lifetimes are confirmed in our experiments.
Fabrication of photo-enzyme coupled catalysts with the desired electron transport channel for the high-efficiency synergic degradation of bisphenol A in water
Authors: Ma Xinnan , Wu Jiacong , Han Juan , Wang Lei , Li Chunmei , Wang Yun
Published: August 2022

Ingenious design of electron transport channels is crucial to improving the electron utilization efficiency in novel photo-enzyme coupled catalyst systems.
Behandlung einer Plantarfasziitis mit Akupunktur
Authors: Huber Stefanie , Usichenko Taras
Published: August 2022

Dieser Fallbericht zeigt die Behandlung einer Patientin, die unter starken
Schmerzen und Funktionseinschränkung beim Gehen im Rahmen eines Rezidivs
einer Plantarfasziitis gelitten hat und die mit einer einzigen Anwendung von
Akupunkturdauernadeln erfolgreich behandelt werden konnte.
Hemostatic powders for gastrointestinal bleeding: a review of old, new, and emerging agents in a rapidly advancing field
Authors: Jiang Shirley X. , Chahal Daljeet , Ali-Mohamad Nabil , Kastrup Christian , Donnellan Fergal
Published: August 2022

Background and study aims Hemostatic powders are increasingly used to address limitations in conventional endoscopic techniques for gastrointestinal bleeding. Various agents exist with different compositions, characteristics, efficacy, and adverse events (AEs). We sought to review existing hemostatic powders, from preclinical to established agents.

Methods A literature review on hemostatic powders for gastrointestinal bleeding was undertaken through a MEDLINE search from 2000–2021 and hand searching of articles. Relevant literature was critically appraised and reviewed for mechanism of action, hemostasis and rebleeding rate, factors associated with hemostatic failure, and AEs.

Results The most established agents are TC-325 (Hemospray), EndoClot, and Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS). These agents have been successfully applied to a variety of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding etiologies, in the form of primary, combination, salvage, and bridging therapy. Few AEs have been reported, including visceral perforation, venous embolism, and self-limited abdominal pain. Newer agents include CEGP-003 and UI-EWD, which have shown results similar to those for the older agents in initial clinical studies. All aforementioned powders have high immediate hemostasis rates, particularly in scenarios not amenable to conventional endoscopic methods, but are limited by significant rates of rebleeding. Other treatments include TDM-621 (PuraStat) consisting of a liquid hemostatic agent newly applied to endoscopy and self-propelling thrombin powder (CounterFlow Powder), a preclinical but promising agent.

Conclusions Rapid development of hemostatic powders and growing clinical expertise has established these agents as a valuable strategy in gastrointestinal bleeding. Further research will continue to refine the efficacy and applicability of these agents.
Identifying factors associated with detection of sessile gastric polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Mankaney Gautam N. , Cruise Michael , Sarvepalli Shashank , Bhatt Amit , Liska David , Burke Carol A.
Published: August 2022

Background and study aims Gastric cancer (GC) is increasingly reported and a leading cause of death in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Identifying features in patients with FAP who harbor sessile gastric polyps, likely precursors to GC, may lead to alterations in endoscopic surveillance in those patients and allow endoscopic intervention to decrease the risk of GC. The aim of this study was to identify demographic and clinical factors in patients with FAP who harbor sessile gastric polyps.

Patients and methods We retrospectively compared demographic, clinical, and endoscopic features in consecutive adult patients with FAP who presented for a surveillance endoscopy at a tertiary-care center with a FAP registry who harbor sessile gastric polyps to those without them. Sessile gastric polyps included pyloric gland adenomas, gastric adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, and fundic gland polyps with high-grade dysplasia. We also display the location of germline APC pathogenic variants in patients with and without sessile gastric polyps.

Results Eighty patients with FAP were included. Their average age was 48 years and 70 % were male. Nineteen (24 %) had sessile gastric polyps. They were older (P < 0.03), more likely to have a family history of GC (P < 0.05), white mucosal patches in the proximal stomach (P < 0.001), and antral polyps (P < 0.026) compared to patients without a gastric neoplasm. No difference in Spigelman stage, extra-intestinal manifestations, or surgical history was note. 89 % of patients with a gastric neoplasm had an APC pathogenic variant 5’ to codon 1309.

Conclusions Specific demographic, endoscopic, and genotypic features are associated with patients with FAP who harbor sessile gastric polyps. We recommend heightened awareness of these factors when performing endoscopic surveillance of the stomach with resection of gastric neoplasia when identified.
Non-cardia early gastric cancer in Central Vietnam: noticeable uncommon background mucosa and results of endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Tran Van Huy , Tran Quang Trung , Nguyen Thi Huyen Thuong , Dang Cong Thuan , Lerch Markus M. , Aghdassi Ali A. , Miayahara Ryoji
Published: August 2022

Background and study aims Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of malignancy-related death in Vietnam, with increasing incidence of non-cardia early gastric cancer (N-EGC). Data on accurate diagnosis of EGC and treatment by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Vietnam are very sparse. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of N-EGC and evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of ESD in Central Vietnam.

Patients and methods We prospectively enrolled patients with N-EGC detected by magnified chromoendoscopy from December 2013 to August, 2018 in Central Vietnam. Selected cases of N-EGC received standardized ESD technique and have been following up carefully as in protocol.

Results Among 606 GC patients, 46 had N-GEC and underwent ESD. The depth of invasion was pT1a in 33 (71.7 %), pT1b1 in 10 (21.7 %), and pT1b2 in three cases (6.6 %). Mild chronic atrophic gastritis, most being C2 (63 %), and gastritis-like EGC that did not appear malignant was the predominant type. ESD achieved a 97.8 % en bloc resection rate; the mean procedure time was 76 ± 22 minutes (range 24–155), and mean endoscopic tumor size was 23 ± 5 mm (range 13–52) and ESD sample size was 28 ± 7 mm (range 16.5–60). Complications consisted of two patients with bleeding and one with a minor perforation, all of which were successfully managed by endoscopy. The longest and the mean follow-up times were 84 and 64 months, respectively, with no recurrence.

Conclusions A significant proportion patients with N-EGC have a background mucosa of mild chronic atrophic gastritis. Our results 7 years after starting ESD demonstrate early promising outcomes with the procedure.
A feasibility study comparing gel immersion endoscopic resection and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors
Authors: Miyakawa Akihiro , Kuwai Toshio , Sakuma Yukie , Kubota Manabu , Nakamura Akira , Itobayashi Ei , Shimura Haruhisa , Suzuki Yoshio , Shimura Kenji
Published: August 2022

Background Although gel immersion endoscopic resection (GIER) is a potential alternative to underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs), comparisons between the two are currently insufficient.

Methods 40 consecutive procedures performed in 35 patients were retrospectively reviewed; the primary outcome was procedure time, and the secondary outcomes were en bloc and R0 resection rates, tumor and specimen size, and adverse events.

Results Lesions were divided into GIER (n = 22) and UEMR groups (n = 18). The median (range) procedure time was significantly shorter in the GIER group than in the UEMR group (2.75 [1–3.5] minutes vs. 3 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 minutes; P = 0.01). The en bloc resection rate was 100 % in the GIER group, but only 83.3 % in the UEMR group. The R0 resection rate was significantly higher in the GIER group than in the UEMR group (95.5 % vs. 66.7 %; P = 0.03). The median specimen size was larger in the GIER group than in the UEMR group (14 mm vs. 7.5 mm; P < 0.001). The tumor size was not significantly different between the groups and no adverse events were observed.

Conclusions GIER is efficacious and safe to treat SNADETs, although additional studies are needed.
Delta/Notch signaling in glia maintains motor nerve barrier function and synaptic transmission by controlling matrix metalloproteinase expression
Authors: Calderon Mario R. , Mori Megumi , Kauwe Grant , Farnsworth Jill , Ulian-Benitez Suzana , Maksoud Elie , Shore Jordan , Haghighi A. Pejmun
Published: August 2022

While the role of barrier function in establishing a protective, nutrient-rich, and ionically balanced environment for neurons has been appreciated for some time, little is known about how signaling cues originating in barrier-forming cells participate in maintaining barrier function and influence synaptic activity. We have identified Delta/Notch signaling in subperineurial glia (SPG), a crucial glial type forDrosophilamotor axon ensheathment and the blood–brain barrier, to be essential for controlling the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1), a major regulator of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Our genetic analysis indicates that Delta/Notch signaling in SPG exerts an inhibitory control on Mmp1 expression. In the absence of this inhibition, abnormally enhanced Mmp1 activity disrupts septate junctions and glial ensheathment of peripheral motor nerves, compromising neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Temporally controlled and cell type–specific transgenic analysis shows that Delta/Notch signaling inhibits transcription of Mmp1 by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in SPG. Our results provide a mechanistic insight into the regulation of neuronal health and function via glial-initiated signaling and open a framework for understanding the complex relationship between ECM regulation and the maintenance of barrier function.
Two distinct ways to form long-term object recognition memory during sleep and wakefulness
Authors: Sawangjit Anuck , Harkotte Maximilian , Oyanedel Carlos N , Niethard Niels , Born Jan , Inostroza Marion
Published: August 2022

Memory consolidation is promoted by sleep. However, there is also evidence for consolidation into long-term memory during wakefulness via processes that preferentially affect nonhippocampal representations. We compared, in rats, the effects of 2-h postencoding periods of sleep and wakefulness on the formation of long-term memory for objects and their associated environmental contexts. We employed a novel-object recognition (NOR) task, using object exploration and exploratory rearing as behavioral indicators of these memories. Remote recall testing (after 1 wk) confirmed significant long-term NOR memory under both conditions, with NOR memory after sleep predicted by the occurrence of EEG spindle–slow oscillation coupling. Rats in the sleep group decreased their exploratory rearing at recall testing, revealing successful recall of the environmental context. By contrast, rats that stayed awake after encoding showed equally high levels of rearing upon remote testing as during encoding, indicating that context memory was lost. Disruption of hippocampal function during the postencoding interval (by muscimol administration) suppressed long-term NOR memory together with context memory formation when animals slept, but enhanced NOR memory when they were awake during this interval. Testing remote recall in a context different from that during encoding impaired NOR memory in the sleep condition, while exploratory rearing was increased. By contrast, NOR memory in the wake rats was preserved and actually superior to that after sleep. Our findings indicate two distinct modes of long-term memory formation: Sleep consolidation is hippocampus dependent and implicates event-context binding, whereas wake consolidation is impaired by hippocampal activation and strengthens context-independent representations.