bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Farmers' Perception and Preference in Subscribing to Drought-Index Crop Insurance in the Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Stephen A. Abugri
Published: September 2020

Climate variability has become a challenge on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana and its impacts becoming severer and as a result, crop insurance has since been seen as the best remedy. Data was obtained from 315 farmers in 15 communities of Tolon and Kumbungu districts and Savelugu-Nanton municipality using multistage sampling procedure. The data collected was used in analyzing maize farmers' perceptions as well as preferences in subscribing to crop drought-index insurance. A Likert Scale was used to analyze farmers' perception about crop index insurance whiles the Multinomial Logistic Regression model analyzed farmers' preference. Most of the respondents declared that crop index insurance is a production risk management tool that can be used to combat the negative effects of climate change on their farms and livelihood as a whole. However, it was concluded that, the most preferred crop insurance package is the public crop insurance package and government subsidy was the highest rank coping strategy. It is therefore imperative that Government role out crop insurance packages and subsidizes the initial stages of crop insurance programs to encourage participation by farmers to effectively mitigate against climate change.
Moxibustion at CV 8 alleviates the myocardial inflammatory response in rats with long-term exercise-induced fatigue through inhibition of the p38 MAPK/NF-κβ signaling pathway
Authors: Liang Yulei , Zhang Zhifang , Lv Tianyuan , Shen Zhengxian , Wang Xin , Lv Shiling , Sun Dongyun , Fang Chaoyi
Published: September 2020

Pathological cardiac remodeling is an important cause of sudden cardiac death and other cardiovascular diseases in athletes. Unfortunately, people involved in long-term intense endurance exercise (especially professional athletes) do not fully understand the cause and health risks of
pathological cardiac remodeling, resulting in pathological cardiac remodeling developing into irreversible damage, which seriously affects sports careers and the postretirement life of athletes. Studies have shown that myocardial inflammation caused by long-term and repeated high-intensity
exercise is a prerequisite for inducing pathological remodeling and that effective inhibition of inflammation can block or reverse the pathological process of pathological remodeling. This preliminary study showed that moxibustion at CV 8 inhibited the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases/nuclear
factor-κβ (p38 MAPK/NF-κβ) signaling pathway in myocardium, reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α), significantly improved myocardial morphology and function in rats under going long-term and repeated
high-intensity exercise, and effectively prevented pathological cardiac remodeling. Moxibustion at CV 8 provides a new physical therapy and experimental basis for the treatment of pathological cardiac remodeling in clinical practice.
Comparison of the Electrical Properties of Yintang Acupoints by using Bi-Digital O-Ring Test and by using Ohmmeter on Young Soccer Players
Authors: Nuri Ozerkan Kemal
Published: September 2020

Comparison of the electrical properties of yintang acupoints by using bi-digital o-ring test and electrical measurement on young soccer players were evaluated and compared in this study. Twenty-three right-handed young soccer players (age group 15–19) were included in this study.
Skin resistance was measured with an ohmmeter and Bi-Digital O-Ring Test successively, after the players has looked at the drawing of a "smiling face" for 5 seconds from a distance of 40 cm at the eye level. Immediately afterwards they were shown the drawing of a "crying face". We then proceeded
to measure the same variables using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test. The statistics obtained thereby were subjected to Pearsons correlation coefficient and paired t-test. Results of measurement of both method were similar and meaningfull.
Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS2 field-effect transistors
Authors: Jadwiszczak Jakub , Maguire Pierce , Cullen Conor P , Duesberg Georg S , Zhang Hongzhou
Published: September 2020

Helium ion irradiation is a known method of tuning the electrical conductivity and charge carrier mobility of novel two-dimensional semiconductors. Here, we report a systematic study of the electrical performance of chemically synthesized monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field-effect transistors irradiated with a focused helium ion beam as a function of increasing areal irradiation coverage. We determine an optimal coverage range of approx. 10%, which allows for the improvement of both the carrier mobility in the transistor channel and the electrical conductance of the MoS2, due to doping with ion beam-created sulfur vacancies. Larger areal irradiations introduce a higher concentration of scattering centers, hampering the electrical performance of the device. In addition, we find that irradiating the electrode–channel interface has a deleterious impact on charge transport when contrasted with irradiations confined only to the transistor channel.
A STUDY ON OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF ANTI-WEAR ADDITIVES FOR MOTOR LUBRICATING OILS DEPENDING ON THEIR PROCESSING AND SEDIMENTATION
Authors: Perekrestov Arshavir P. , Salameh Ali , Chanchikov Vasiliy A. , Guzhvenko Ivan N. , Abubakarov Abdullahi Y.
Published: September 2020

The article presents studies on the dependence of sedimentation resistance of the anti-wear additive solid component for marine diesel trunk-type internal combustion engines on the technological conditions of its manufacturing. A friction modifier, molybdenum diselenide, which has optimal anti-wear properties, was selected as a solid component. The authors consider the process of sedimentation of a given substance, stabilized in the volume of an additive solution with unsaturated acids, at different times of rotary stirring, and under the influence of subsequent treatment of the prepared solution with ultrasound. The mass of the solution solid component is studied as irretrievably precipitated over various periods of storage time of the additive solutions, subjected to rotary stirring and additional ultrasonic treatment. The recommended storage time of the considered anti-wear additive with a 10% content of molybdenum diselenide has been established.
INTERMODAL CARGO TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES ON FERRIES: A MODERN ASPECT
Authors: Kalachev Vladimir K. , Kartashov Maxim V.
Published: September 2020

The article provides the concept of intermodal technology, considers ferry types and their advantages and disadvantages; describes the material and technical base of cargo transportation on ferries, design features of ferries, the technology for loading, transporting and unloading of wagons and cars. Reducing the transportation distance and cargo operations time make it possible to increase cargo transportation efficiency on ferries in comparison with transportation of the same cargo with numerous transshipments from one transport type to another. The history of ferry lines development in Russia and abroad emphasizes the importance of type of transportation. In Russia, the history of cargo transportation on ferries is considered to be from the end of the XIX century. There were five ferry lines operating in the former USSR. The article considers such lines as the Kerch line between the Crimea and the Caucasus and the Vanino – Kholmsk line through the Tatar Strait. The development of cargo transportation in the post-Soviet period in the Baltic and Caspian basins is considered in detail. The table shows an analysis of the cargo transshipment volume carried by ferries in the main sea basins of Russia. The history of ferry lines development in Europe began in the middle of the ХIХ century in Scotland and Ireland. The greatest development of ro-ro cargo transportation was achieved in the countries of the Baltic basin. Such transportation is also being developed in Japan, the United States and other countries.
TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN THE CITY OF ALMATY
Authors: Kegenbekov Zhandos K. , Kongueva Anar Zh. , Natalya
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the possibilities of forming a unique transport and logistics cluster (TLC) in Kazakhstan.
THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SUBSIDIZING BY INLAND WATER TRANSPORT
Authors: Mineev Valery I. , Ivanov Valery M. , Veselov Gennady V. , Ivanov Mikhail V.
Published: September 2020

The passenger transportation practice, both in Russia and abroad, shows that this transportation give little profit or completely unprofitable with the exception of tourist transportation. Given the social significance of passenger transportation for the population of the vast territory of the Russian Federation, state authorities implement measures of the state support for various types of transport for these transportations, including reimbursement of expenses to transport enterprises from budgets of various levels. Obviously, the question which type of transport to subsidize and how much requires special attention. At the same time, passenger transportation subsidizing by inland waterways has been canceled since 2005, and decisions made in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on subsidizing from regional and municipal budgets quite often do not compensate the expenses of shipping companies. The article proposes possible options, in fact, for the revival of socially significant passenger transportation by inland water transport in Russia and proposes an approach to determining the maximum amount of subsidies to cover the loss of socially significant passenger transportation. The authors of the article have shown due to what factors direct and indirect (non-transport) components of the effect can be obtained as a result of the implementation of their proposals in the practice of water passenger transport enterprises.
NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR THE ADEQUACY OF ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS ON RIVER TRANSPORT
Authors: Platov Alexander Y. , Platov Yury I.
Published: September 2020

One of the obvious conditions for the applicability of economic and mathematical models is their adequate reflection of transport processes. The issue of adequacy should be decided separately for each specific model. However, in the case of modeling for the river fleet, we can talk about the existence of traditional approaches to building models that are outdated and lead to inadequacy of all such models. It is shown that the proposed models do not fully reflect the properties of the transport process, and, therefore, their use in practice can lead to significant errors in the planning of the fleet. The analysis of typical errors in the models construction for the fleet planning is given.
Extended Reality in Patient Care and Pharmacy Practice: A Viewpoint
Authors: Takemoto Jody , Parmentier Brittany , Bratelli Rachel , Merritt Thayer , California Health Sciences University Leanne
Published: September 2020

The evolution of technology has given practitioners and educators more tools to better treat, manage, and educate both patients and future pharmacists. The objective of this viewpoint publication is to describe the current use of extended reality (XR) in pharmacy and propose ways in which pharmacy practice and education may benefit from incorporation of this technology. While these tools have been used for decades by many other professions, pharmacy is starting to adopt XR in professional and educational practice. XR (virtual reality, mixed reality, and augmented reality) is being used in various aspects of pharmacy care and education, such as pain management, diabetes self-care, cross-checking of prescriptions, treatments for addiction, and (in limited ways) patient and pharmacy education. There is great potential for further integration of XR into pharmacy practice and pharmacy education to ultimately improve patient care and education as well as pharmacy education.
In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Homeopathic Mother Tincture and Total Phenolic Content
Authors: Shaffique Shifa , Anwer Haseeb , Asif Hafiz Muhammad , Akram Muhammad , Rehman Anila , Ahmed Saeed , Ahmed Khalil
Published: September 2020

Background: Antioxidants are those compounds which scavengers the free radicals, widely used in health protection and prescribed on large scale in biomedical health care units. In homeopathic system of medicine mother tinctures are prescribed. Mother tinctures of medicinal plants are having the potential to treat the various acute and chronic ailments.

Objectives: The present study was accompanied to determine the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of homeopathic mother tincture of plant origin i.e. Baptisia tinctoria, Berberis aquifolium, Echinacea angustifolia, Hydrangea arborescens, Hydrastis canadensis, Kreosotum, and Thuja occidentalis in comparison with ascorbic acid.

Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition assay method. A volume of 0.1 mM solution of DPPH was used while mother tinctures (1.25, 5, 2.5 μl volumes) were used for evaluation of antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid was taken as a standard control and alcohol as negative control in antioxidant activity protocol. Total phenolic content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent assay. Total phenolic content of mother tinctures was measured in comparison with ascorbic acid.

Results: All tested homeopathic mother tinctures of plant origin showed significant antioxidant potential except Hydrangea arborescens and Kreosotum. Alcohol which was used as negative control exhibited no antioxidant activity. Pulsatilla nigricans possess highest antioxidant potential 85±0.3 among other tested mother tinctures against DPPH free radical and 98.8±2 maximum no of phenolic contents.

Conclusion: Homeopathic Mother Tinctures of plant origin showed antioxidant activity due to presence of phenolic content.
Anti-Epileptic Potential of Ziziphus Vulgaris and Ferula Asafoetida Extracts in Drug Induced Seizure Models of Experimental Mice
Authors: Anwar Nadia , Khan Mahtab Ahmad , Bukhari Mehwish , Ahmed Hammad , Zaidi Awais Ali , Arshad Haroon
Published: September 2020

Background: Ziziphus vulgaris (ZV) and Ferula asafoetida (FA) have phenolic compounds with potential anti-epileptic activity.

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the anti-epileptic potential of hydroalcoholic (30:70) crude extracts of ZV and FA.

Methods: Different doses (5 mg/ml, 15 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml) of extracts from ZV and FA were separately administered intraperitoneally to groups (7/group) of male albino mice (20-30 g). Phenytoin (15 mg/ml, intraperitoneal) was used as positive control. After 30 min, tonic-clonic seizures were induced by intraperitoneal administration of picrotoxin (6 mg/ml) and strychnine (4 mg/ml) in separate groups. Animals were monitored for 1 h and different parameters including onset and frequency of seizures and protection (against mortality & seizures) were determined.

Results: A dose dependent significant delay in onset and decrease in seizure frequency as well as mortality was observed in animals treated with plant extracts (ZV and FA). Positive control (phenytoin) also showed significant delay in seizure onset and decreased the seizure frequency.

Conclusion: The plant extracts (ZV and FA) contain the phenolic compounds which may induce the GABAergic transmission that could be the most probable mechanism for their anti-epileptic activity. Molecular studies and histopathological analysis are required to elucidate the exact anti-epileptic mechanisms of ZV and FA extracts.
Az információbiztonság humán aspektusai
Authors: Kollár Csaba
Published: September 2020

The author provides an overview of how hacker sub-culture and criminal organizations intertwine, and social engineering in the field of communication.
A kibertérben elkövetett bűncselekményekkel összefüggésben alkalmazható kényszerintézkedések
Authors: Dornfeld László
Published: September 2020

The author provides an overview of the constitutional and criminal procedural framework of law enforcement action in the field of cyber-crime.
A NOVEL TODIM BASED ON PROSPECT THEORY TO SELECT GREEN SUPPLIER WITH Q-RUNG ORTHOPAIR FUZZY SET
Authors: Tian Xiaoli , Niu Meiling , Zhang Weike , Li Lanhao , Herrera-Viedma Enrique
Published: September 2020

Green supply chain has developed rapidly due to the advocacy of ecological civilization, and choosing a proper green supplier is a crucial issue. Considering the fuzziness of evaluation information and the psychological states of decision makers (DMs) in selecting process, a novel TODIM based on prospect theory with q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) is proposed. The novel TODIM concerns both the perceived transformed probability weighting function and the differences in risk attitudes. A new distance, which concerns the herd mentality, is carried out to measure the perceived difference of the q-ROFS. Besides, a new systematic evaluation index system, named as PCEM (Product, Cooperation ability, Environment, Market), has been established. A case related to pork supplier companies is presented and fully demonstrates the effectiveness of the novel TODIM when compared with the extended one, the intuitionistic fuzzy TODIM, the Pythagorean fuzzy TODIM as well as the TOPSIS with q-ROFS. Finally, a series of comparative analyses illustrate the advantages of the proposed TODIM.
Mirror-wave Structures in the Solar Wind: Grad–Shafranov Reconstruction, MHD, and Hall MHD Simulations with Double-polytropic Energy Closures
Authors: Hau L.-N. , Chang C.-K. , Chen G.-W.
Published: September 2020

Mirror-mode waves with anticorrelated density and magnetic field are widely observed in the solar wind and planetary magnetospheres. In this study we analyze the characteristics of three mirror-wave events observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission in the Earth’s magnetosheath based on the Grad–Shafranov (GS) reconstruction model with temperature anisotropy. The GS scheme solves steady, two-dimensional MHD equations with field-aligned flow from the plasma and magnetic field measurements taken by a single spacecraft traversing across a coherent field structure. The reconstructed 2D plasma and field maps are obtained in the de Hoffmann–Teller frame and on the plane perpendicular to the invariant axis. The energy closures are a set of empirical energy laws with two polytropic exponents inferred from the observed mirror events which are in the ranges of

and

. It is shown that the mirror waves are nonpropagating with linear magnetic field polarization and possess anticorrelated density, temperatures, and magnetic field with the widths of 10–40 ion inertial lengths. The double-polytropic MHD and Hall MHD simulations of mirror instability show consistent results with the GS reconstructions in terms of field-line geometry, phase relations and the sizes of mirror waves, etc.
Solar Wind Turbulence from 1 to 45 au. III. Anisotropy of Magnetic Fluctuations in the Inertial Range Using Voyager and ACE Observations
Authors: Pine Zackary B. , Smith Charles W. , Hollick Sophia J. , Argall Matthew R. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Joyce Colin J. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , Hamilton Kathleen E. , McLaurin Megan L. , Leamon Robert J.
Published: September 2020

We examine both Voyager and Advanced Composition Explorer magnetic field measurements at frequencies that characterize the inertial range and evaluate the anisotropy of the fluctuations as they relate to both the compressive component and underlying wavevector anisotropy of the turbulence. The magnetic fluctuation anisotropy as it relates to the compressive component is directly dependent upon both the plasma beta of the thermal proton component and the ratio of magnetic fluctuation magnitude to the strength of the mean magnetic field. This has been seen before at 1 au. The magnetic fluctuation anisotropy in the plane perpendicular to the mean magnetic field, which is a measure of the anisotropy of the underlying wavevector distribution, should depend on the angle between the mean magnetic field and the radial direction and should be confined to values between one and the index of the power spectrum, which is typically 5/3. Our results show that the average of this anisotropy exceeds the value of the spectral index and is out of bounds with the theory. Although the results are suggestive of past analyses, we find that spherical expansion of the turbulence may offer at least a partial explanation of the apparent amplification of this measured anisotropy.
Solar Wind Turbulence from 1 to 45 au. IV. Turbulent Transport and Heating of the Solar Wind Using Voyager Observations
Authors: Pine Zackary B. , Smith Charles W. , Hollick Sophia J. , Argall Matthew R. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Joyce Colin J. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , McLaurin Megan L.
Published: September 2020

We adopt the theory for turbulent transport of energy by solar wind fluctuations and apply that theory to observations by the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft to obtain rates of thermal proton heating that are controlled by two sources: the large-scale fluctuations in the solar wind that arise from solar sources and the excitation of waves by newborn interstellar ions. In the process, we compute magnetic spectra for 839 data intervals spanning the range from 1 to 35 au when thermal ion data is available and use those spectra to obtain independent estimates for the energy cascade rates at intermediate scales that we assume equals the rate of thermal proton heating by the turbulence. We compare three analyses that describe different aspects of the solar wind heating problem: the rate of energy cascade through the intermediate scales of the magnetic spectrum, the rate at which energy is supplied to that cascade from the large-scale fluctuations as described by magnetohydrodynamic transport theory, and the rate at which energy is injected into the spectrum via wave excitation by newborn interstellar ions. The first two expressions are found to be in good agreement while the latter source dynamics become important beyond 10 au.
Understanding FRB 200428 in the Synchrotron Maser Shock Model: Consistency and Possible Challenge
Authors: Wu Q. , Zhang G. Q. , Wang F. Y. , Dai Z. G.
Published: September 2020

Recently, the discovery of Galactic FRB 200428 associated with an X-ray burst (XRB) of SGR 1935+2154 has built a bridge between FRBs and magnetar activities. In this Letter, we assume that the XRB occurs in the magnetar magnetosphere. We show that the observational properties of FRB 200428 and the associated XRB are consistent with the predictions of synchrotron maser emission at ultrarelativistic magnetized shocks, including radiation efficiency, similar energy occurrence frequency distributions, and simultaneous arrive times. It requires that the upstream medium is a mildly relativistic baryonic shell ejected by a previous flare. The energy injection by flares responsible for the radio bursts will produce a magnetar wind nebula, which has been used to explain the persistent radio source associated with FRB 121102. We find that the radio continuum around SGR 1935+2154 can be well understood in the magnetar wind nebula model, by assuming the same energy injection rate

as FRB 121102. The required baryonic mass is also estimated form the observations of FRB 121102 by the Green Bank Telescope and the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope. By assuming the same radiation efficiency

, the total baryonic mass ejected from the central magnetar is about 0.005 solar mass. This value is much larger than the typical mass of a magnetar outer crust, but is comparable to the total mass of a magnetar crust.
’Oumuamua as a Cometary Fractal Aggregate: The “Dust Bunny” Model
Authors: Luu Jane X. , Flekkøy Eirik G. , Toussaint Renaud
Published: September 2020

The first known interstellar object, 1I/2017 U1 ’Oumuamua, displayed such unusual properties that its origin remains a subject of much debate. We propose that ’Oumuamua’s properties could be explained as those of a fractal dust aggregate (a “dust bunny”) formed in the inner coma of a fragmenting exo-Oort cloud comet. Such fragments could serve as accretion sites by accumulating dust particles, resulting in the formation of a fractal aggregate. The fractal aggregate eventually breaks off from the fragment due to hydrodynamic stress. With their low density and tenuously bound orbits, most of these cometary fractal aggregates are then ejected into interstellar space by radiation pressure.
Changes in a Dusty Ringlet in the Cassini Division after 2010
Authors: Hedman Mathew , Bridges Bill
Published: September 2020

A dusty ringlet designated R/2006 S3, also known as the “Charming Ringlet,” is located around 119,940 km from the center of Saturn within the Laplace Gap in the Cassini Division. Prior to 2010, the ringlet had a simple radial profile and a predictable eccentric shape with two components, one forced by solar radiation pressure and the other freely precessing around the planet. However, observations made by the Cassini spacecraft since late 2012 revealed a shelf of material extending inwards from the ringlet that was not present in the earlier observations. Closer inspection of images obtained after 2012 shows that sometime between 2010 and 2012, the freely precessing component of the ringlet’s eccentricity increased by over 50%, and that for at least 3 yr after 2012, the ringlet had longitudinal brightness variations that rotated around the planet at a range of rates corresponding to ∼60 km in orbital semimajor axis. Some event therefore disturbed this ringlet between 2010 and late 2012.
Distribution pattern and habitat preference for Lobelia species (Campanulaceae) in five countries of East Africa
Authors: Muchuku John K. , Gichira Andrew W. , Zhao Shu-Ying , Chen Jin-Ming , Chen Ling-Yun , Wang Qing-Feng
Published: September 2020

East Africa is one of the centres of distribution and diversity for Lobelia L. (Campanulaceae, sub-family Lobelioideae). Lobelia habitats in East Africa have been facing habitat fragmentation and loss, which are recognised as a major threat to biodiversity. However, previous plant conservation studies in East Africa only focused on protected areas and ignored unprotected areas. Future conservation strategies of plants, such as Lobelia, will depend on knowledge of their distribution patterns and habitat preference in East Africa. To understand the distribution pattern and the habitat preference of Lobelia in five countries (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi) of East Africa, we conducted a literature review in the seven major vegetation regions (afro-alpine, afro-montane forest, drier savannah, grasslands, wetter savannah, Zambezian woodland and semi-desert and desert). We also employed meander and patterned searches, which allowed greater opportunities for recording Lobelia species. Our results showed that the genus is distributed in all of the seven regions of the five countries with 54 taxa. The afro-montane forest region, with 41 taxa, is the richest in species diversity, followed by the Zambezian woodland region with 18 taxa. The semi-desert and desert region has the lowest number with only four taxa. The afro-alpine region has 15 taxa, although the region is the smallest by area. The herbaceous type was found in all regions, while the giant type has a clear preference for the afro-alpine and afro-montane forest regions. Future conservation for Lobelia should consider its habitat preference by, for example, focusing on the afro-alpine and afro-montane forest regions. This study will facilitate the setting of future conservation strategies for Lobelia.
From Grain Merchants to Millers: The Kims of Seoul and the Origins of Korean Capitalism
Authors: Hong Sung-Chan , Lee Jong Hwa , Kim Mi Lim
Published: September 2020

Les marchands Kim étaient une famille de courtiers ( gaekju ) opérant dans la zone de Dongmak à Séoul près de la rivière Han. Cet article examine l’établissement et l’exploitation de l’usine de riz Dongil ( 東一 ) de la famille Kim, qui utilisait un moteur à essence ou un moteur électrique, des engrenages de transmission et des systèmes en fonctionnement depuis 1910. La préparation du riz était une industrie manufacturière où se lancèrent de nombreux investisseurs coréens durant la période du Hanmal et au début de la période coloniale. En s’appuyant sur les livres de comptes de la famille Kim, cet article examine l’espace et les installations de l’usine de riz Dongil, l’achat et la transformation des matières premières (riz non décortiqué et le riz non poli brun), la vente de produits (riz brun ou riz blanc), l’emploi et les salaires, les transactions bancaires, l’utilisation de capital et les opérations quotidiennes dans les années 1910. L’analyse de cette information montrera la transformation des commerçants coréens et des courtiers en bourgeoisie et la conversion du capital commercial en capital industriel. En d’autres termes, cet article montre les origines internes et la nature continue du capitalisme coréen.
Reste à charge et équité du système de santé : le cas du Tadjikistan
Authors: Pellet Sandra
Published: September 2020

Cet article vise à mesurer les inégalités d’accès et de financement d’un système de santé à fort reste à charge. Malgré l’universalité de son système, le Tadjikistan affiche des taux de reste à charge parmi les plus hauts du monde, de 60 % à 80 % des dépenses ces dix dernières années. À partir des données issues du Tajikistan Living Standards Survey 2007 et de la méthodologie des indices de concentration, nous suggérons que l’accès aux soins n’est pas équitablement réparti dans la population et que les dépenses de santé sont régressives. Les paiements informels reconstruits après contrôle des différences de besoin sont eux aussi régressifs, ce qui invalide l’hypothèse selon laquelle les médecins redistribuent.
La « fraude sociale » en questions
Authors: Dubois Vincent , Lieutaud Marion
Published: September 2020

Cet article vise à rendre compte d’une évolution rigoriste dans les débats politiques sur les questions sociales et d’emploi, consistant plus précisément à promouvoir un contrôle plus strict des bénéficiaires d’aides sociales. Il repose sur l’analyse des questions parlementaires à l’Assemblée nationale, de 1986 à 2017 (n = 1 108). Rares, voire inexistantes, au début de la période, les questions sur les abus dont se rendraient coupables les bénéficiaires de prestations sociales et les modalités de leur contrôle ont augmenté jusqu’à devenir une thématique à part entière du débat politique. L’évolution de leur formulation révèle un durcissement progressif des prises de position, plus particulièrement à l’égard des fractions les plus démunies de l’espace social, et un affaiblissement concomitant des discours critiques à l’égard de telles tendances. On s’interroge en conclusion sur la manière dont la naturalisation de cette thématique dans les débats politiques a pu accompagner le renforcement des dispositifs de contrôle des « assistés ».
Des coalitions au consensus politique ambigu : aux origines du revenu minimum au Brésil
Authors: Tomazini Carla
Published: September 2020

L’ambiguïté est aujourd’hui une variable indispensable à la compréhension des mécanismes de « mise en consensus » dans l’adoption des politiques publiques. De plus en plus utilisée pour l’analyse de l’action publique, la notion de « consensus ambigu » peut cependant perdre sa valeur analytique dès lors qu’elle recoupe des catégories opposées (tantôt les alliances et les accords, tantôt les oppositions et les désaccords profonds). Si l’ambiguïté ne se réduit pas à un simple dépassement des clivages partisans, que révèle-t-elle de singulier quant à la dynamique partisane ? Et comment le Politics participe-t-il de la mise en consensus des Policies  ? En analysant la fabrique du revenu minimum au Brésil dans les années 1990, l’hypothèse développée ici est que « l’ambiguïté consensuelle » opère à trois niveaux distincts : à un niveau axiologique, au niveau des clivages partisans et à celui des stratégies électorales. L’article propose de suivre le processus complexe de mise en place de programmes de revenu minimum dont le fameux programme Bolsa Família, instauré en 2004, est une des résultantes.
Increased Faecalibacterium abundance is associated with clinical improvement in patients receiving rifaximin treatment
Authors: Ponziani F.R. , Scaldaferri F. , De Siena M. , Mangiola F. , Matteo M.V. , Pecere S. , Petito V. , Sterbini F. Paroni , Lopetuso L.R. , Masucci L. , Cammarota G. , Sanguinetti M. , Gasbarrini A.
Published: September 2020

Compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases. Rifaximin is often used to induce disease remission due to its eubiotic effects on the gut microbiota. To investigate the correlation between changes in the gut microbiota composition and symptoms improvement in patients who present a clinical response to rifaximin treatment. Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and diverticular disease (DD) undergoing rifaximin treatment for clinical indication were enrolled in the study. Rifaximin was administered at the dose of 1,200 mg/day for 10 days. Faecal samples were collected at baseline and at the end of treatment; clinical improvement was assessed by Mayo score for UC, CD Activity Index (CDAI) for CD, IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) for IBS and global symptomatic score (GSS) for DD. Twenty-five patients were included in the analysis and a clinical improvement was recorded for 10/25 (40%) of them. Microbial alpha diversity showed a slight increase in clinical responders (P=0.271), while it decreased in patients who did not improved (P=0.05). A significant post-treatment increase in Faecalibacterium abundance was observed in patients with a positive response (log2FC 1.959, P=0.042). Roseburia abundance decreased in both groups, whereas Ruminococcus decreased only in patients who clinically improved. Clinical improvement consequent to rifaximin treatment is associated with an increase in Faecalibacterium abundance. Achieving a positive shift in the gut microbiota composition seems a key event to obtain a clinical benefit from treatment.
Comparison of sprint training and high intensity interval training on oxidative stress and aerobic capacity in male soccer players
Authors: Perween S. , Hussain M.E. , Hejazi I.I. , Siddiqui M.Y.S. , Saif A. , Parveen A.
Published: September 2020

The study compared the two popular modes of training: repeated sprint and interval, in terms of oxidative load and aerobic capacity. 20 male collegiate soccer players were assigned into either a repeated sprint training (RST) or high intensity interval training (HIIT) group. Training protocols were for a period of 4 weeks (3 times/week). Serum levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, in addition to maximal oxygen uptake and maximum voluntary isometric contraction for quadriceps and hamstrings were measured before training and within 24 h after the completion of training. Significant improvement (P≤0.05) in antioxidant defence response and leg strength was seen in both groups. However, improvement in aerobic capacity was non-significant in RST as compared to HIIT. These findings indicate that both RST and HIIT can be used as a conditioning exercise to alleviate exercise-induced oxidative stress in the competition phase in addition to improvement in aerobic capacity.
Insect consumption in the Czech Republic: what the eye does not see, the heart does not grieve over
Authors: Kulma M. , Tůmová V. , Fialová A. , Kouřimská L.
Published: September 2020

A survey to test customers´ experience and preferences regarding food insects in the Czech Republic has revealed that 37.8% of the 1,340 respondents had experienced eating insects. Although more than half of the respondents reported their experience as being positive, only 11.8% consumed insects regularly. Of those who had no experience with edible insects, 14% stated their willingness to taste insects. Regarding preferences, ground insects or insect meal were the favourite forms of consumption, regardless of the species. From a sociodemographic point of view, age and gender significantly influenced the responses; younger people and men reported more positive attitudes towards entomophagy than older people and women. Regarding eating whole insects, processed crickets, katydids and locusts were the top-rated insects. Cockroaches were the least popular choice. The majority (77.7%) of the respondents also claimed that they would not mind consuming meat products originating from livestock that were fed insects.
PIK3IP1 Promotes Extrafollicular Class Switching in T-Dependent Immune Responses
Authors: Ottens Kristina , Schneider Jalyn , Kane Lawrence P. , Satterthwaite Anne B.
Published: September 2020

PI3K plays multiple roles throughout the life of a B cell. As such, its signaling is tightly regulated. The importance of this is illustrated by the fact that both loss- and gain-of-function mutations in PI3K can cause immunodeficiency in humans. PIK3IP1, also known as TrIP, is a transmembrane protein that has been shown to inhibit PI3K in T cells. Results from the ImmGen Consortium indicate that PIK3IP1 expression fluctuates throughout B cell development in a manner inversely correlated with PI3K activity; however, its role in B cells is poorly understood. In this study, we define the consequences of B cell–specific deletion of PIK3IP1. B cell development, basal Ig levels, and T-independent responses were unaffected by loss of PIK3IP1. However, there was a significant delay in the production of IgG during T-dependent responses, and secondary responses were impaired. This is likely due to a role for PIK3IP1 in the extrafollicular response because germinal center formation and affinity maturation were normal, and PIK3IP1 is not appreciably expressed in germinal center B cells. Consistent with a role early in the response, PIK3IP1 was downregulated at late time points after B cell activation, in a manner dependent on PI3K. Increased activation of the PI3K pathway was observed in PIK3IP1-deficient B cells in response to engagement of both the BCR and CD40 or strong cross-linking of CD40 alone. Taken together, these observations suggest that PIK3IP1 promotes extrafollicular responses by limiting PI3K signaling during initial interactions between B and T cells.
p53 Hinders CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Gene Disruption in Memory CD8 T Cells In Vivo
Authors: Kurup Samarchith P. , Moioffer Steven J. , Pewe Lecia L. , Harty John T.
Published: September 2020

CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized rapid and reliable gene editing in cells. Although many cell types have been subjected to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, there is no evidence of success in genetic alteration of Ag-experienced memory CD8 T cells. In this study, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in memory CD8 T cells precludes their proliferation after Ag re-encounter in vivo. This defect is mediated by the proapoptotic transcription factor p53, a sensor of DNA damage. Temporarily inhibiting p53 function offers a window of opportunity for the memory CD8 T cells to repair the DNA damage, facilitating robust recall responses on Ag re-encounter. We demonstrate this by functionally altering memory CD8 T cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted gene disruption under the aegis of p53siRNA in the mouse model. Our approach thus adapts the CRISPR/Cas9 technology for memory CD8 T cells to undertake gene editing in vivo, for the first time, to our knowledge.
Prevalence and risk factors of superficial fungal infections among primary school pupils in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Odeigah Louis , Rotifa Stella , Shittu Rasaq , Mutalub Yahkub
Published: September 2020

Superficial fungal infections are common in the tropics particularly in the rural areas where children are predisposed. The causative organisms include dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophyte moulds. To determine the prevalence and risk factors of superficial fungal infections among primary school pupils aged 5- 16 years in Oke-Oyi, Kwara State. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from April through July 2017 among 602 pupils aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi, Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State. Out of the 602 pupils screened during the study, 180 pupils were suspected clinically to have superficial fungal infection and a total of 180 skin specimens were collected from the pupils. The prevalence of clinically suspected fungal infection was 29.9% (180/602), dermatophytes accounted for 16.7% (30/180), while non-dermatophyte moulds accounted for about half of the isolates, 51.7% (93/180). Some of the factors that were significantly associated with the risk of acquisition of dermatophytic infections include age, past history of similar lesions, over-crowding, normal sweat pattern and unkempt socks worn by the pupils among others. This study has shown that superficial fungal infections are common among pupils in Oke-Oyi in Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State and the risk factors include among others, young age, past history of skin infections, overcrowding and unkempt socks worn by pupils. Therefore sociodemographic and behavioural factors influence the occurrence of superficial fungal infections in the study area.
Tertiary hospital standards in Nigeria: A review of current status
Authors: Alkali Nura H. , Bello Mohammed R.
Published: September 2020

Nigeria’s tertiary hospitals have faced public criticisms over substandard services and poor infrastructure reported in the mass media during early to mid-2019. Peer-reviewed studies in the medical literature have painted similar pictures of poor healthcare quality at most of the nation’s public hospitals. For instance, studies have revealed tertiary hospitals lacking vital equipment needed for emergency care of acute asthma and obstetric hemorrhage, while hospital administrators complain of insufficient personnel made worse by inadequate electricity from the national grid, poor government funding and bureaucratic bottlenecks undermining staff recruitment and training. This grim situation is at total variance with global best practices for tertiary healthcare adopted by many countries. Matters may yet get worse with Nigeria now in the midst of a coronavirus epidemic and its potential to overburden weak healthcare systems unless urgent efforts are made to improve healthcare quality. A practical and effective way to improve healthcare quality is via strict enforcement of minimum healthcare standards in line with global best practices and the regulatory provisions of the nascent National Tertiary Health Institutions Standards Committee established by the National Health Act 2014.
Impact of family social support on psychological wellbeing of infertile women attending Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar R  , Zubairu HD  , Yohanna S
Published: September 2020

Infertility could be a life crisis with a wide range of socio-cultural and emotional problems. These social consequences are usually not voluntarily disclosed by the affected women and consequently do not receive adequate attention so the women continue to suffer in silence. The study aimed to determine the impact of family social support on psychological well-being of infertile women attending Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital (YDMH), Kaduna. The study was a cross sectional study conducted at the YDMH, T/Wada, Kaduna. Two hundred and fifty-four women who presented to the gynecology clinic during the study period and consented to participate in the study were recruited consecutively. Data on socio-demographics and family social support were determined using a self-structured questionnaire. Psychological wellbeing was assessed using a General Health Questioner. Data was analyzed using EPI-INFO statistical package. Majority of the participants were Northerners (70.1%), Muslims (91.7%), and Unemployed (52.8%) with an average monthly income of less than N 20,000 (73.6%). Most were within the age group of 25–30 years (40.2%) and from monogamous families (70.1%) with most families having 0–5 children (89.4%). 67.7% of the participants had adequate social support from their husbands as against 32.3% who had inadequate support (such as availability of financial, support encouragement, concern and sense of social belonging). Only 33.5% had adequate social support from their in-laws while majority of them (66.5%) had inadequate social support. A total of 203 (79.9%) of the participants had psychological distress (self-administered questioner) while 51 (20.1%) had no psychological distress. Husbands and in-laws support were significantly related to psychological wellbeing of the infertile women. Adequate social support provided by family members reduces stress, improves psychological wellbeing and quality of life of infertile women.
Therapeutic and functional approach for the treatment of patients with bone marrow edema in Rehabilitation Medicine
Authors: Cavalli Loredana , Falcone Giuseppe , Cavalli Tiziana , Pasquetti Pietro
Published: September 2020

Bone marrow edema (BME) represents an imaging finding in various diseases, and often causes pain and significant dysfunction. Although few data are available about its etiology, several hypotheses have been developed to explain the pathogenetic mechanisms of BME. Increased intravascular pressure and capillary leakage within the bone marrow would lead to nerve irritation, causing pain. Bone turnover would increase locally, due to proinflammatory molecules driven by the primary cause of BME (trauma, ischemia, arthritis, etc.). In addition to imaging findings, the clinical evaluation of a subject affected by BME should rely on an accurate functional assessment, as this condition often leads to transient disability. As regards therapeutic approaches, recent research works have reported benefits from the extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) and above all bisphosphonates. A deeper knowledge of the pathophysiological bases of the BME combined with the classic physiatric approach can allow to select the subjects affected by BME who can benefit from therapies such as bisphosphonates and ESWT, and evaluate their clinical and functional effects.
Ippolito Donini
Authors: Gasbarro Vincenzo
Published: September 2020

This paper is part of the monographic issue: ‘Did the Masters of the past know the future? History and update of Italian Phlebolymphology’

Guest editor: Alberto Macciò (Phlebology - Part I edited by G. Agus; Phlebology - Part II edited by P. Bonadeo; Lymphology edited by F. Boccardo)
Umberto Fox
Authors: Lucani Giuliano Antonio
Published: September 2020

This paper is part of the monographic issue: ‘Did the Masters of the past know the future? History and update of Italian Phlebolymphology’

Guest editor: Alberto Macciò (Phlebology - Part I edited by G. Agus; Phlebology - Part II edited by P. Bonadeo; Lymphology edited by F. Boccardo)