bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Many hours of watching medical TV shows is associated with greater medical knowledge
Authors: Chow Ronald , Viehweger Jaclyn , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem
Published: September 2018

Television (TV) is a popular and effective media in the formation of behaviours, beliefs and emotions. Watching TV is a main hobby in people’s lives, and has become an increasingly more common hobby for children nowadays as opposed to several decades ago. However, while many studies have reported the negative effects, there have been little to no studies investigating whether a positive effect may exist. The aim of this study was to determine whether individuals who watch medical dramas are generally more knowledgeable about medicine than those who do not watch medical dramas. This was a cross-sectional survey of adolescents and young adults using an e-questionnaire. The questionnaire had four sections – a consent form, demographics of respondents, TV show(s) respondents watched and assessment of medical knowledge. Questionnaires were circulated to the international community, with a focus on respondents in Canada, the US and Nigeria. Responses were analysed using statistical analysis software. Between August and December 2017, a total of 746 consenting respondents completed the questionnaire. The average knowledge score of all respondents on medical terminologies was 6.80 out of 10. For respondents who had a history of watching medical TV shows, they were more knowledgeable than those without such a history (p = 0.0008). Additionally, those who watched more than one season of TV were more knowledgeable than those who had watched less than one season (p < 0.0001). The results suggest that people who have a history of watching TV shows are more knowledgeable than those without such a history, and also that those who watch more hours of medical TV shows are more knowledgeable than those who watch only a few hours. Future studies could investigate whether medical TV shows causes higher knowledge (as this study suggests association), and to ultimately determine whether it can be an essential component of increasing medical knowledge of the population, and in turn, patients.
Foreign debt, conflicting claims and income policies in a Kaleckian model of growth and distribution
Authors: Bortz Pablo Gabriel , Michelena Gabriel , Toledo Fernando
Published: September 2018

The paper develops a Kaleckian model of growth with endogenous income distribution, determined by conflicting claims on income shares. The article analyzes different demand, distribution and debt regimes, with external debt playing a differential role according to its impact on the exchange rate and on debt-servicing. We further study the impact of a tax-based income policy on the exchange-rate pass-through and external competitiveness. We find that the threat of taxation (or subsidies) can serve as an instrument to coordinate income claims, lower inflationary pressures and improve external price competitiveness.
The Other Cornwall Girl: Morgause in Twentieth-Century English Literature
Authors: Hildebrand Kristina
Published: September 2018

Morgause is an understudied character in Arthurian scholarship. In Malory, she is relatively positively presented as a queen, as a mother of knights and as a sexually active woman; she is always seen from these perspectives, which define her as a character. In modern portrayals, there is no novel with Morgause as a main character, but she appears frequently as a secondary one. The focus is on her sexuality, which is sometimes contrasted against Morgaine le Fay’s. Morgause’s sexual independence is frequently condemned and used to depict her as a negative character, or even the villain of the piece.
Parametric studies on the workability and compressive strength properties of geopolymer concrete
Authors: Nagajothi S. , Elavenil S.
Published: September 2018

Geopolymer concrete is a booming technology in the construction industry. Much research is occurring in geopolymer concrete, as it emits low carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, is eco-friendly material and is an alternative for cement. This research mainly focuses on the use of fly ash based geopolymer concrete in ambient curing conditions and the use of manufactured sand due to the scarcity of natural sand. Mainly studies have evolved on the workability, setting time and compressive strength by the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), manufactured sand (M-sand), alkaline activator solutions to binder ratio and the proportions of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) in geopolymer concrete and mortar. The experimental studies were carried out using nine geopolymer concrete mixes and the comparisons were made. The workability of concrete decreases by increasing the percentage of GGBFS, M-sand and the proportions of SS/SH whereas workability of concrete increases when increasing the alkaline liquid to binder ratio. The compressive strength of geopolymer mortar and concrete increases when the percentage of GGBFS and M-sand is increased, and it decreases by increasing the alkaline liquid content. There is no change in strength by decreasing the proportions of SS/SH.
Comparison of fetal weight distribution improved by paternal height by Spanish standard versus Intergrowth 21st standard
Authors: Savirón-Cornudella Ricardo , Esteban Luis Mariano , Lerma Diego , Cotaina Laura , Borque Ángel , Sanz Gerardo , Castán Sergio
Published: September 2018

Objective:

Our main objective was to study the influence on birth and ultrasound fetal weight of traditional factors in combination with non-traditionally explored predictors such as paternal height to provide a new customized in utero growth model. We also have compared it in our population with other customized and non-customized models.

Methods:

We collected 5243 cases of singleton pregnancies. An integrated study of the different variables was performed in a multivariate model to predict the fetus birthweight and customized growth curves were created following the Gardosi procedure.

Results:

Gestational age (P<0.001), parity (P<0.001), maternal age (P<0.001), maternal body mass index (P<0.001), maternal height (P<0.001), parental height (P<0.001), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) (P<0.001), free-beta human chorionic gonadotropin (FBHCG) (P<0.013), single umbilical artery (SUA) (P<0.009), region of origin (P<0.001), fetal sex (P<0.001), smoking (P<0.001) and pre-gestational diabetes (P<0.001) showed statistical significance. We created two growth customized models (simple and advance) that have shown good performance in predicting fetal weight at delivery and estimated by ultrasounds. The percentage of small for gestational age (SGA) cases (P10) predicted by the two models at birth were 9.9% and 9%, and for large gestational ages (LGA) (P90) we obtained values of 90.1% and 90.3%. Also, using the fetal weights measured by ultrasounds, we obtained P10 adjusted predictions, 9.2% and 9.4%, for the simpler and advance models, respectively, which were more adjusted than the 0.4, 4.6 and 10.6 obtained using the other compared models. For an easy use of models an app and a nomogram is provided.

Conclusion:

Using new predictor variables we implemented new growth in utero model, with predictions more adjusted to our population than Spanish customized or Intergrowth 21st models with better performance for birth and ultrasound fetal weights. We propose using a prediction model that includes parental height.
Early Childhood Development Practitioners’ Information Practices through GMISP Lens: The Case of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
Authors: Madumo Kepi , Bitso Constance
Published: September 2018

In the interest of developing relevant information services for ECD practitioners in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (EMM), as ECD is one of the national priorities, a study was conducted to ascertain their information needs and information-seeking behaviour. Using Leckie, Pettigrew and Sylvain’s General Model of the Information Seeking of Professionals (GMISP) as the theoretical framework, and situated within interpretivist paradigm, the study took a qualitative approach to collect data, with the results based on group discussions and an interview with a key informant. The research focused on establishing Grade R practitioners’ information needs, with information sources they often consulted, actions and strategies used when seeking information, as well as challenges they face when seeking information. Grade R practitioners need information to increase their knowledge for optimum performance of their duties. To satisfy the demand for information, it is recommended that the EMM libraries and Gauteng Department of Education school libraries should consider a coordinated and accessible library and information service (LIS) that supports ECD practitioners. The plans and design of LIS in the EMM should accommodate the information needs expressed by the Grade R practitioners.
Knowledge Translation Process among Academic Researchers: A Case Study of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Dakhesh Sara , Ostovar Afshin , Yazdizadeh Bahareh , Hamidi Ali
Published: September 2018

Today, most of the results and knowledge obtained from national and international research do not actually change the health status of people, which has led to a gap or distance between knowledge and practice. This research was a descriptive survey and examined the status of the knowledge translation process among the researchers of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from 2011 to 2015. The study population consisted of the researchers of the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, who were chosen using a completely randomized design. 83 researchers were finally selected by the inclusion criteria of presenting or collaborating on at least five approved areas of research during the 2011–2015 period. Data collection was undertaken using the Assessment Questionnaire of Academic Researchers Knowledge Translation Activities, with its psychometric test also used. The results showed that the researchers’ performance was rated in the fields of transfer of the research question, knowledge production, knowledge transfer and promoting the use of evidence with 64, 75, 63 and 67 % of the total score (mean± SD) of 19.40 ± 3.89, 26.30 ± 3.97, 37.79 ± 6.89 and 13.39 ± 3.41 respectively. Based on the results of this study, the performance of the researchers in the process of knowledge translation was at a desired level while, in the fields of the research tool, the researchers had the best research performance in knowledge production and promoting the use of evidence, transfer of research question and knowledge transfer (all at the desirable level). However, the gap between knowledge and practice of the researchers in the fields of transfer of the research question and knowledge transfer was noticeable. Therefore, in order to strengthen all aspects of the research activities of the knowledge translation process, the provision of proper premises and structure will be a priority for the university’s research and technology departments.
Bridging Children’s Reading with an Augmented Reality Story Library
Authors: ChanLin Lih-Juan
Published: September 2018

In educational settings, physical objects or artwork are commonly used to convey meanings. These designs can be enhanced in ways which provide dynamic information overlay and context for children’s stories, such as how augmented reality technology (AR) uses created overlay digital information on the realistic object for enhancing interactions in learning and reading. The recent advancements in mobile AR have attracted a great deal of attention in the area of children’s learning and reading. In this context, a mobile AR story library (containing 228 picture books created by young artists from secondary schools) was developed for children’s reading. An AR platform (Hp Reveal) was used with Drupal for the management of story video clips, with children invited to immerse themselves in the artwork and stories in the library. Specific research questions were raised in this study: (1) how did teachers and the library implement the AR stories for children’s reading and (2) how did children react to AR reading? Observations and questionnaires were used to gather research data, while themes for scaffolding children’s reading in the mobile AR reading environment are summarized. It was observed that adults learned to use the AR mobile application and set up physical reading spaces (the library and classrooms) for children. When children were reading with AR, adults provided guidance and support for scaffolding children’s reading processes. The children were positive about the use of tablet with AR for reading stories and enjoyed reading the story content triggered by the AR technology.
Information Literacy in the Workplace: A Case of Scientists from Pakistan
Authors: Naveed Muhammad Asif , Rafique Fariha
Published: September 2018

Information literacy is considered an essential competency in the workplace because it gives a competitive advantage, improves decision-making and enhances efficiency as well as effectiveness of the workforce. This study intends to investigate information literacy among scientists working at the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Lahore. The data were collected from 121 scientists using a questionnaire, with both descriptive as well as inferential statistics applied for data analysis. The results indicated that a large majority of these scientists never received any formal IL training during their entire career. A large majority of these scientists, in general, perceived IL instructions as important and preferred short-term training programs if offered. In addition, these scientists were confident and competent in using searching tools, multiple printed and electronic information resources, comprehending published research and writing research papers. However, they were less comfortable in interpreting visual information, defining information needs, assessing relevance and quality, synthesizing and evaluating gathered information, using library e-resources, managing citations as well as developing and initiating search strategies. The age, gender, academic qualification, research experience and number of publications appeared as the predictor of IL self-efficacy. There was a critical need for making arrangements regarding IL instruction program for in-service scientists.
Strong light-matter coupling in quantum chemistry and quantum photonics
Authors: Flick Johannes , Rivera Nicholas , Narang Prineha
Published: September 2018

In this article, we review strong light-matter coupling at the interface of materials science, quantum chemistry, and quantum photonics. The control of light and heat at thermodynamic limits enables exciting new opportunities for the rapidly converging fields of polaritonic chemistry and quantum optics at the atomic scale from a theoretical and computational perspective. Our review follows remarkable experimental demonstrations that now routinely achieve the strong coupling limit of light and matter. In polaritonic chemistry, many molecules couple collectively to a single-photon mode, whereas, in the field of nanoplasmonics, strong coupling can be achieved at the single-molecule limit. Theoretical approaches to address these experiments, however, are more recent and come from a spectrum of fields merging new developments in quantum chemistry and quantum electrodynamics alike. We review these latest developments and highlight the common features between these two different limits, maintaining a focus on the theoretical tools used to analyze these two classes of systems. Finally, we present a new perspective on the need for and steps toward merging, formally and computationally, two of the most prominent and Nobel Prize-winning theories in physics and chemistry: quantum electrodynamics and electronic structure (density functional) theory. We present a case for how a fully quantum description of light and matter that treats electrons, photons, and phonons on the same quantized footing will unravel new quantum effects in cavity-controlled chemical dynamics, optomechanics, nanophotonics, and the many other fields that use electrons, photons, and phonons.
Insights into the intracellular behaviors of black-phosphorus-based nanocomposites via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Henan , Zhang Wen , Liu Zhiming , Huang Deqiu , Zhang Wolun , Ye Binggang , Hu Guosheng , Zhong Huiqing , Zhuang Zhengfei , Guo Zhouyi
Published: September 2018

As one of the prospective two-dimensional nanomaterials, black phosphorus (BP), which has excellent physical and chemical properties, has witnessed quick development in theranostic applications. The more recent advances in combining BP nanosheet (NS) with nanoparticles exhibit new opportunities to develop multifunctional nanocomposites. However, more effort should be devoted to elucidate the nanomaterial-cell interaction mechanism before the bio-applications of BP-nanoparticle hybrids. Herein, the intracellular behaviors of BP-gold nanoparticles (BP-Au NSs) are first investigated using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. The presence of Au nanoparticles on the surface of a BP sheet allows nanohybrids with excellent SERS activity to enhance the intrinsic Raman signals of cellular components located around the NSs. Data from an endocytosis inhibitor blocking assay reveal that the nanohybrids are mainly taken up by macropinocytosis and caveolae-dependent endocytosis, which are energy-dependent processes. Associated with colocalization experiments, nanohybrids are found to internalize into lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, the SERS difference spectrum is extracted after Raman-fluorescence colocalization statistical analysis to distinguish the molecular structural differences in the biochemical components of the two organelles. These findings supply a definite cellular mechanistic understanding of the nano-biointeractions of nanocomposites in cancer cells, which may be of great importance to the biomedical applications of nanotechnology in the future.
Crystal structure of guanidinium tetrapropylammonium bis(hydrogencarbonate) dihydrate, C15H40N4O8
Authors: Zeng Huahui , Shen Qianjin , Wu Xiangxiang
Published: September 2018

C15H40N4O8, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 25.986(3) Å, b = 8.3450(6) Å, c = 21.1358(15) Å, β = 90.877(6)°, V = 4582.9(6) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0357, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0916, T = 296(2) K.
The wet strength of water- and foam-laid cellulose sheets prepared with polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin
Authors: Vähä-Nissi Mika , Lappalainen Timo , Salminen Kristian
Published: September 2018

Some paper and paperboard grades require strength also when rewetted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of web forming method, different foaming agents, polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet strength resin, and retention aids on the strength development of hand sheets. Only a slight, if any, improvement in dry tensile strength due to PAE resin was observed. PAE improved the wet strength of the water-laid sheets, and the retention systems had a minor but positive impact. Although wet strength was lower at given PAE addition levels, the trend was similar with the sheets foam-laid with an anionic foaming agent, except at high PAE levels. With the non-ionic surfactant the maximum level of wet strength was reached already at a low PAE addition level and use of retention aids decreased wet strength. Such differences between the water- and foam-laid sheets are most likely due to the chemical interactions between PAE, foaming agents, and other additives.
Insertion points of the essential nanoscale science and technology (NST) concepts in the Israeli middle school science and technology curriculum
Authors: Sakhnini Sohair , Blonder Ron
Published: September 2018

If we wish to integrate modern science such as nanotechnology into the school science curriculum, we need to find the natural insertion point of modern science with the science, technology, engineering and math curriculum. However, integrating nanoscale science and technology (NST) essential concepts into the middle school science curriculum is challenging. The current study was designed to identify the insertion points of the eight NST essential concepts in the middle school science and technology curriculum. Middle school science and technology teachers underwent a course that included all eight NST essential concepts, aiming to help them understand the NST essential concepts in depth. Then, they were asked to identify a natural insertion point in the existing science and technology curriculum for each of the NST essential concepts. To support research validation, two different groups of teachers participated in two sequential stages of the study (the identification stage and the validation stage). The teachers in the identification stage identified the insertion points of all eight NST essential concepts in the subjects of the science and technology curriculum, which reflects the relevance of the NST concepts from the teachers’ perspective in terms of pedagogical level. The majority of the identified insertion points were validated in the second stage. Forty-two insertion points of the NST essential concepts were suggested to be integrated in middle school science and technology curriculum. All the insertion points that were suggested in the identification stage were confirmed in the validation stage. Another 11 new insertion points were added at the validation stage. The connections to the different scientific subjects in the curriculum are as follows: 19 insertion points were suggested by the teachers in the chemistry part of the chemistry curriculum, 12 in the life science, four in the physics-energy, and seven in technology-systems and products. The results present the opportunity to expose middle school students to contemporary science using the existing science and technology curriculum. The study serves as an example of integrating NST concepts into a middle school science curriculum in Israel, but it can be applied in other science curricula worldwide, taking into consideration the topics included in each curriculum.
Body image is more negative in patients with chronic low back pain than in patients with subacute low back pain and healthy controls
Authors: Levenig Claudia G. , Kellmann Michael , Kleinert Jens , Belz Johanna , Hesselmann Tobias , Hasenbring Monika I.
Published: September 2018

Background and aims

Body image as an increasing research field has been integrated into pain research within the last years. However, research on cognitive-affective dimensions of body image dependent on different pain groups like acute/subacute and chronic pain patients, and healthy controls is still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to explore three dimensions of body image, namely self-acceptance, physical efficacy, and health in patients with low back pain and healthy controls. The present study is the first to distinguish between patients with low back pain in different stages of pain with regard to the concept of body image. In a second step we investigated the differences in exercise frequency between the three groups.

Methods

Seventy seven patients (53.2% female) suffering from low back pain and 57 healthy controls (42.1% female) filled in a battery of questionnaires in terms of body image, pain parameters and exercise frequency.

Results

Main results indicate first that patients suffering from chronic low back pain revealed a more negative body image in all three body image-dimensions than healthy controls. Second, patients suffering from subacute pain revealed a more negative body image of physical efficacy compared to the healthy controls.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that body image is relevant for the treatment of low back pain, because patients suffering from low back pain revealed a more negative body image than healthy controls.

Implications

To investigate the cognitive-affective dimensions of body image in different patient groups suffering from low back pain seems to be an important aspect for future research to improve therapy options and prevention of low back pain. Future research should also focus on improvements or on positive aspects of body image in patients with low back pain.
An elementary business cycle mechanism: learning from Harrod and Kaldor
Authors: Franke Reiner
Published: September 2018

Drawing on Harrod, Kalecki and Kaldor, this paper seeks to revive the view that ceteris paribus firms reduce investment if they have already built up high capacities relative to their assessment of the normal market potential. This reaction establishes a fundamental stabilizing mechanism for the economy. The paper adapts the idea to the growth context of a neo-Kaleckian baseline model, where its destabilizing Harrodian sentiment adjustments are specified in a canonical and microfounded way that introduces a natural nonlinearity into the global dynamics. Supposing local instability, the resulting two-dimensional system is shown to generate persistent self-sustaining cyclical behaviour. In addition, the model is numerically calibrated to period and amplitude of the US business cycle. On the whole, based on an old and almost forgotten conception, the paper advances a most elementary approach to business cycle modelling.
Kraftkompensierte chemische Sensoren auf Basis bisensitiver interpenetrierender Polymernetzwerke / Bisensitive interpenetrating polymer networks for force-compensated chemical sensors
Authors: Binder Simon , Gerlach Gerald
Published: September 2018

Die intramolekulare Kraftkompensation stellt ein neuartiges Verfahren dar, mit dem die Ansprechzeit von chemischen Sensoren auf Hydrogelbasis verkürzt werden kann. Bei dieser Art der Kraftkompensation sind sowohl Sensor- als auch Aktorfunktion in einem einzigen Hydrogel kombiniert. Dieser Beitrag legt die Messmethode, das hierzu notwendige bisensitive Hydrogel und einen entsprechenden Sensoraufbau dar. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl die gewünschte Bisensitivität des Sensors als auch eine Verkürzung der Ansprechzeit erreicht werden konnten.
Multi-Stereo-Deflektometrie mit einer Lichtfeldkamera / Multi-stereo deflectometry with a light-field camera
Authors: Uhlig David , Heizmann Michael
Published: September 2018

Die optische dreidimensionale Formerfassung spiegelnd reflektierender Objekte ist in der Messtechnik immer noch eine schwierige Aufgabe. Die Deflektometrie rekonstruiert die Oberfläche durch Beobachtung verzerrter Bilder einer reflektierten Referenzszene. In diesem Beitrag wird erstmalig ein neuer Ansatz präsentiert, bei dem das deflektometrische Messverfahren effizient mit einer Lichtfeldkamera kombiniert wird. Eine Interpretation der Kamera als hochgradig multiples Kamera-Array erlaubt es, das deflektometrische Messproblem mit einem Multi-Stereo-Ansatz zu lösen. Die Leistungsfähigkeit der Oberflächenrekonstruktion wird in experimentellen Messungen bestätigt und es zeigt sich, dass durch die Kombination von Deflektometrie mit Lichtfeldkameras hohe Genauigkeiten erreicht werden können.
Impurity detection in polymer parts for the semiconductor manufacturing industry
Authors: Moldaschl T. , Arnold T. , Zauner M. , Meislitzer S. , Obersteiner D. , De Biasio M. , Steinbrener J. , Neumaier L. , Molzbichler Albert , Cramer Heinz , Ottersböck B. , Oreski G. , Voronko Y. , Kraft M. , Hirschl Christina
Published: September 2018

The very strict purity requirements of polymer parts that are used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry lead to an excessively low yield rate. To decrease the costs in the production chain, detailed knowledge about possible impurities during each processing step is essential. This work provides an overview of non-destructive testing techniques that are capable of either detecting or even identifying these impurities. The most promising techniques were then combined in a semi-automatized laboratory demonstrator that can be used as an in-line diagnostics tool to prevent processing of faulty parts. Results from these measurements are presented and discussed.
Neuronal Response Latencies Encode First Odor Identity Information across Subjects
Authors: Paoli Marco , Albi Angela , Zanon Mirko , Zanini Damiano , Antolini Renzo , Haase Albrecht
Published: September 2018

Odorants are coded in the primary olfactory processing centers by spatially and temporally distributed patterns of glomerular activity. Whereas the spatial distribution of odorant-induced responses is known to be conserved across individuals, the universality of its temporal structure is still debated. Via fast two-photon calcium imaging, we analyzed the early phase of neuronal responses in the form of the activity onset latencies in the antennal lobe projection neurons of honeybee foragers. We show that each odorant evokes a stimulus-specific response latency pattern across the glomerular coding space. Moreover, we investigate these early response features for the first time across animals, revealing that the order of glomerular firing onsets is conserved across individuals and allows them to reliably predict odorant identity, but not concentration. These results suggest that the neuronal response latencies provide the first available code for fast odor identification.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we studied early temporal coding in the primary olfactory processing centers of the honeybee brain by fast imaging of glomerular responses to different odorants across glomeruli and across individuals. Regarding the elusive role of rapid response dynamics in olfactory coding, we were able to clarify the following aspects: (1) the rank of glomerular activation is conserved across individuals, (2) its stimulus prediction accuracy is equal to that of the response amplitude code, and (3) it contains complementary information. Our findings suggest a substantial role of response latencies in odor identification, anticipating the static response amplitude code.
Opioid-Independent and Opioid-Mediated Modes of Pain Modulation
Authors: Berna Chantal , Leknes Siri , Ahmad Asma H. , Mhuircheartaigh Roisin N. , Goodwin Guy M. , Tracey Irene
Published: September 2018

Pain is regulated endogenously through both opioid and non-opioid mechanisms. We hypothesized that two novel pain modulation tasks, one drawing on context/expectations and one using voluntary reappraisal, would show differing levels of opioid dependence. Specifically, we expected that naloxone would block context-related analgesia, whereas mental imagery-based pain reappraisal would be opioid-independent.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled intravenous naloxone versus saline crossover design was used. Twenty healthy volunteers completed the two modulation tasks with acute heat stimuli calibrated to induce moderate pain. In the mental imagery task, participants imagined either a “pleasant” or a “comparison” scenario during painful heat. In the relative relief task, moderate heat stimuli coincided with visual cues eliciting relief from the expectation of intense pain, and were compared with moderate heat stimuli delivered under the expectation of non-painful warmth. Both “pleasant imagery” and “relative relief” conditions significantly improved ratings of pain intensity and pleasantness during saline treatment. Indeed, the target stimuli in both tasks, which had been calibrated to induce moderate pain, were rated as mildly pleasant. Furthermore, consistently with the main hypothesis, blocking endogenous opioid signaling with naloxone did not significantly affect imagery-induced regulation of pain intensity or pleasantness. In contrast, the relative relief-induced pain regulation (i.e., context/expectation) was blocked by naloxone. We conclude that endogenous opioid signaling is necessary for expectation-related relative relief analgesia, but not for pain reappraisal through mental imagery. These results support mental imagery as a powerful and clinically relevant strategy for regulating pain affect also in patients where endogenous opioid mechanisms might be compromised.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurotransmitter systems in the human brain can be probed through antagonist drugs. Studies using the opioid antagonist naloxone have demonstrated that the brain relies on both opioid and non-opioid mechanisms to downregulate pain. This holds clinical relevance given altered endogenous opioid processes in many chronic pain conditions. The present study used a double-blinded, placebo-controlled naloxone blockage of endogenous opioids in healthy humans to show differential opioid involvement in two pain modulation tasks. Context/expectation-driven (relative relief-related) analgesia was blocked by naloxone. In contrast, pain reappraisal through mental imagery was intact despite opioid receptor blockade, suggesting opioid independence. These results support mental imagery as a powerful, clinically relevant strategy for regulating pain as it does not rely on a functioning opioidergic system.
TRPM2 Exacerbates Central Nervous System Inflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Increasing Production of CXCL2 Chemokines
Authors: Tsutsui Masato , Hirase Ryo , Miyamura Sakie , Nagayasu Kazuki , Nakagawa Takayuki , Mori Yasuo , Shirakawa Hisashi , Kaneko Shuji
Published: September 2018

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the CNS characterized by demyelination and axonal injury. Current therapies that mainly target lymphocytes do not fully meet clinical need due to the risk of severe side effects and lack of efficacy against progressive MS. Evidence suggests that MS is associated with CNS inflammation, although the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, is expressed at high levels in the brain and by immune cells, including monocyte lineage cells. Here, we show that TRPM2 plays a pathological role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Knockout (KO) or pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2 inhibited progression of EAE and TRPM2-KO mice showed lower activation of Iba1-immunopositive monocyte lineage cells and neutrophil infiltration of the CNS than WT mice. Moreover, CXCL2 production in TRPM2-KO mice was significantly reduced at day 14, although the severity of EAE was the same as that in WT mice at that time point. In addition, we used BM chimeric mice to show that TRPM2 expressed by CNS-infiltrating macrophages contributes to progression of EAE. Because CXCL2 induces migration of neutrophils, these results indicate that reduced expression of CXCL2 in the CNS suppresses neutrophil infiltration and slows progression of EAE in TRPM2-KO mice. Together, the results suggest that TRPM2 plays an important role in progression of EAE pathology and shed light on its putative role as a therapeutic target for MS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCurrent therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS), which mainly target lymphocytes, carry the risk of severe side effects and lack efficacy against the progressive form of the disease. Here, we found that the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel, which is abundantly expressed in CNS-infiltrating macrophages, plays a crucial role in development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. EAE progression was suppressed by Knockout (KO) or pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2; this was attributed to a reduction in CXCL2 chemokine production by CNS-infiltrating macrophages in TRPM2-KO mice, resulting in suppression of neutrophil infiltration into the CNS. These results reveal an important role of TRPM2 in the pathogenesis of EAE and shed light on its potential as a therapeutic target.
The Larkin's Technologies of Trust
Authors: Çelik Alexander Zeynep
Published: September 2018

In The Larkin's Technologies of Trust, Zeynep Çelik Alexander uses the card ledger invented by Darwin D. Martin, corporate secretary for the Larkin Company, as a starting point for a new history of a well-known modernist building: the Larkin Administration Building in Buffalo, New York, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Founded in 1875 as a soap manufacturer, the Larkin Company had grown dramatically by the beginning of the twentieth century, in large part because of innovative marketing strategies made possible by ingenious information-processing techniques. But it was also thanks to Wright's designs for office equipment—informed by principles of modularity and interchangeability—that armies of “human computers” were able to maintain this information regime. Çelik Alexander argues that the bureaucracy made possible by the Larkin Administration Building's architecture has been a blind spot in historiography; she aims to offer an architecturally oriented account of the history of data as epistemic unit, contending that the Larkin's protodatabase was, first and foremost, a moral technology predicated on managing networks of trust.
Problemi prapovijesti kninskog područja
Authors: Batović Šime
Published: September 2018

Prapovijest Knina i njegova užeg područja krajnje je slabo istražena, pa se danas teško može dobiti potpunija slika kulturnog razvoja, a nije moguće pratiti ni njegov kontinuitet. Zato se mora razmatrati mnogo šire područje. Iz istih razloga nije moguće ni tražiti ni sasvim sagledati posebnosti kulture kninskog bazena u najstarijoj prošlosti, iako su one bez sumnje, u izvjesnom smislu, postojale, s obzirom na posebna zemljopisna svojstva ovog kraja. Ipak se može uočiti približna slika o osnovnim razdobljima kulturno-povijesnog razvoja, društveno-gospodarskim i etničkim, odnosi-ma prastanovnika na području Knina, u okviru širih kulturnih i zemljopisnih cjelina.
Neka nova pitanja u vezi s Ordinatio Imperii iz 817. godine
Authors: Ganza-Aras Tereza
Published: September 2018

Novija istraživanja o ovom problemu razlikuju se od starijih u prvom redu u značenju vladavine Ludovika Pobožnog i njegove ordinatio imperii. Dok je starija historiografija gledala u vladanju Karla Velikog vrhunac karolinške moći i ostvarenje jedinstva carstva i održanja mira, a u vladanju Ludovika Pobožnog propast toga, noviji istraživači ističu da je upravo vladanje Ludovika do 824. godine vrhunac karolinške epohe, a ordinatio imperii ostvarenje, iako samo teoretsko, nastojanja oko jedinstva carstva i očuvanja mira, starih već barem pola stoljeća, koja su sada od čiste želje prešla u koncepciju vladanja. Najviše ide u smjeru jednog takvog shvaćanja Schiefferov rad. On misli da ništa ne govori za to da svakidašnjica franačke uprave ne bi poznavala bolje stanje nego u Ludovikovo vrijeme. Vladavina Ludovika Pobožnog u svojoj cjelini manje se nadovezivala na način vladanja Karla Velikog; ona je bila više vezana za duh i cilj Karlove vladavine: očuvati zaokruženu državnu tvorevinu i nasljedstvo.1 S tog stanovišta označava Schieffer godinu 817. kao apsolutni vrhunac franačke povijesti.2 3
Prilozi poznavanju renesanse u Zadru
Authors: Petricioli Ivo
Published: September 2018

Interes koji među historičarima i ljubiteljima umjetnosti pobuđuju zadarski srednjovjekovni spomenici, prvenstveno oni preroma- nički i romanički, pridonio je da se nije obraćalo dosta pažnje onom vremenu kad je renesansa stala prodirali u Dalmaciju. U to doba, međutim, Zadar nije zaostajao za drugim dalmatinsldm gradovima u građevnoj i umjetničkoj djelatnosti. Crkvi sv. Marije Velike (S. Maria Maior ili presbyterorum) sagradio je novu fasadu u miješanim gotičkim i renesansnim oblicima Petar Brčić učenik Jurja Dalmatinca između 1472. i 1478,' a krajem prvog decenija XVI st. do- građena joj je kapela sv. Roka u čistim renesansnim oblicima. Crkva sv. Marcele također je dobila renesansnu fasadu, a sv. Marija, crkva benediktinki, produžena je i povišena. Nova fasada i jugozapadni zid pokazuju sve odlike dalmatinske renesanse iz početka XVI st. U dvjema najznačajnijim zadarskim crkvama, katedrali i crkvi sv. Krševana, nije bilo pregradnji, ali se zato dosta radilo na nadbiskupskoj palači i samostanu sv. Krševana. Upravo su ova dva objekta značajna za početak renesanse u Zadru, pa bih želio rezimirati ono što smo ranije o njima znali i iznijeti nekoliko novih podataka o majstorima kamenarima — kiparima i klesarima koji su renesansne oblike kultivirali u Zadru na prijelazu iz XV u XVI st.
Prilozi poznavanju Epitaura
Authors: Lisičar Petar
Published: September 2018

Na mjestu današnjeg Cavtata nalazio se je antički grad koji je dobro dokumentiran rimskim spomenicima. Smatra se da je to bio Epidaur-Epitaur, rimski grad-kolonija, poznat Pliniju, iako ta identifikacija nije u skladu s Plinijevim podacima o koloniji Epidaurumu ni sa smještajem stanice Epitauro na Peutingerovoj Tabuli. Distan- -cije, naime, Epidaura, odnosno stanice Epitauro, od Lisa (Lissos) i od Narone, koje daju spomenuti izvori, ne odgovaraju ni približno udaljenosti Cavtata od Lješa i od Vida na Neretvi. O Epidauru-Epitauru-Cavtatu pisali su odavna učeni Dubrovčani i drugi Dalmatinci. Nešto od toga je u osamnaestom vijeku sabrao i objavio Miho Sorkočević (Sorgo). Tu je građu u posebnom djelu koristio Talijan F. M. Appendini. Mommsen i Evans su tome dali naučniju formu.
Iz mediteranske baštine jadranskih Ilira
Authors: Suić Mate
Published: September 2018

Suvremena arheologija, kao i historijske nauke uopće, uključivši u njih i lingvistiku i paleoetnologiju, posvećuju sve više pažnje problemu etnogeneze pojedinih naroda, bilo da se radi o onima što su ostali zameteni vihorima historije, ili o onima koji još i danas egzistiraju. U novije je doba sve jasnije da početke neke etničke zajednice nije dovoljno tražiti u njezinu doseljenju iz »pradomovine«, već da treba pokušati objasniti na koji je način nastala određena zajednica u svojoj historijskoj postojbini. U istraživanju tih procesa stanovitu ulogu igra svakako i vanjski, doseljeni element, ali ipak pitanje se primarno postavlja, kako je nastao jedan narod, ,a ne odakle je on došao. Bez obzira o kojoj se etničkoj zajednici radi, uloga supstrata, kulturnog i jezično-etničkog, dolazi u prvi plan, jer je jedino na taj način moguće utvrditi sve komponente koje su pridonijele formiranju nekog etnosa i objasniti u općim crtama proces asimilacije, kulturne i jezične integracije, koje se očituju u etnogenezi. Koliko je važno pravilno impostiranje tih problema, pokazuje primjer etruskologije.
Antiaustrijski pokret u ratnoj mornarici u Šibeniku 1917./1918.
Authors: Foretić Dinko
Published: September 2018

O događajima u Šibeniku 1917/1918 koji su nagovijestili jačanje antiaustrijskih snaga u ratnoj mornarici Austro-Ugarske, i prije i poslije drugog svjetskog rata pisalo se manje nego o događajima u Boki Kotorskoj i Puli, što je i razumljivo kad se zna da ti događaji nisu izazvali neka posebna gibanja i da su ostali uglavnom izolirane i nedovršene akcije. Ipak uspješan podvig — bijeg tor- piljtrke broj 11, koji je izvršio manji dio njene posade — mornari, pripadnici slavenskih narodnosti, ostaje i danas jedinstvena i jedna od prvih akcija nacionalnih nezadovoljnika u ratnoj mornarici Austro-Ugarske.
Dijalektička misao rane renesanse
Authors: Brida Marija
Published: September 2018

Gotovo neusporediva složenost posljednje faze srednjega vijeka, kad u univerzalne sinteze koje još opstoje nezadrživo urastaju nove suprotne im tendencije proniknute klicama preporoda, izrazila se je bogato i raznoliko i u filozofskom stvaralaštvu. Ideje koje ono implicira pune su slutnja neograničenih mogućnosti i vizija njihovih ostvarenja. Racionalnost im je doduše još znatno nadopunjena maštovitošću — no to nejasno, ponekad i nestvarno osvjetljenje, ne umanjuje im inventivnost.
Glagolski vid u francuskom jeziku
Authors: Ćosić Vjekoslav
Published: September 2018

Prvo pitanje koje se nameće kad pristupamo proučavanju glagolskog vida u francuskom jeziku, jest pitanje shodnosti i opravdanosti tog proučavanja. Postoji, naime, uvriježeno mišljenje da francuski jezik gotovo ne poznaje tu gramatičku kategoriju. Tome je glavni razlog što francuski ne posjeduje ni jedno od »klasičnih sredstava« vidskog izraza.
Glagolski vid kao tipološko-komparativni problem
Authors: Kravar Miroslav
Published: September 2018

U smjenama pravaca i metoda, pa i čitavih teorija suvremene lingvistike, počev od i dalje živih tradicionalnih pristupa jezičnim činjenicama, pa preko brojnih strukturalnih sve do transformativ- no-generativnih analiza, ne dolaze u pitanje samo opći heuristički principi rada na području jezika kao sistema sui generis, nego se sve novi i novi postupci istraživanja primjenjuju, bilo u smislu postulatâ ove ili one teorije ili pak u obliku znanstvenoga eklekticizma, i na pojedinačna područja jezičnoga sistema, kao što su na primjer pojedini nivoi ili »razine« jezika, ili pojedini podsistemi na različitim razinama ili pojedine strukture u okviru različitih podsistema, itd.
Engleska i američka drama u Narodnom kazalištu u Zadru od 1946. do 1962.
Authors: Mardešić Ivo
Published: September 2018

Veliko zanimanje za englesku i američku dramu u mnogim evropskim zemljama nakon drugog svjetskog rata nije mimoišlo ni naše kazališne centre. Osobito su se često izvodila dramska djela nastala u 20. stoljeću, a davala su se i djela iz ranije engleske dramske literature. Zadarsko kazalište igralo je važnu ulogu u nastojanjima da, uz ostala djela svjetske dramske literature, približi suvremenom gledaocu najnovija dostignuća s područja engleske i američke drame i neke klasike engleske dramske literature koji su već ranije prikazivani. Od samog početka rada Narodnog kazališta u Zadru, tj. od njegova otvorenja 14. listopada 1945. ta su djela bila vidno zastupljena na zadarskoj pozornici. Već iste, 1945. godine, pod vodstvom dra Marka Foteza, davana su djela Držića, Molierea i Shakespearea, kao i neka djela iz američke književnosti.1 Izvođenje ovih djela možemo smatrati početkom jedne tradicije prikazivanja engleskih i američkih dramskih djela; ta će tradicija biti vrlo snažna sve do prestanka rada stalnog kazališnog ansambla 1963. godine. Spomenuta izvođena djela svrstat ćemo u nekoliko grupa, prema vremenu u kojemu su nastala kao i prema njihovim literarnim kvalitetama, odnosno njihovoj aktualnosti.
Još jedan latinički tekst legende o Svetom Jeronimu
Authors: Nazor Anica
Published: September 2018

Evo trećega latiničkog teksta pjesme Anjelske kriposti, tj. dvo- strukorimovane dvanaesteračke Legende o sv. Jeronimu, kojoj najstariju izravno datiranu potvrdu nalazimo u knjizi Transit sv. Jero- lima, tiskanoj glagoljicom u Senju g. 1508. Jedan latinički (potpuni) tekst poznat je već iz Firentinskog zbornika (15. st.), koji je pronašao, opisao i potom objavio C. Verdiani.' Drugi, znatno kraći tekst (svega 52 od 148 stihova), dolazi pod naslovom Versi od sfetoga. Hierolima u zborniku miscelánea, sada u knjižnici male braće u Dubrovniku pod (privremenim) brojem 589.
Obrambeni sustav i prospekt antičkog Zadra s kopnene strane
Authors: Suić Mate
Published: September 2018

U gradu antičkog svijeta bedemi posjeduju ne samo svoju funkcionalnu vrijednost kao bitni element njegove sigurnosti od vanjske opasnosti, već isto tako i svoju urbanističko-estetsku komponentu. Tu misao sažeto iznosi filozof Aristotel u svojoj Politici u zadnjim decenijima 4. st. prije n. e. kada piše:1 »Ako je tome tako (tj. kad je već potrebno gradove opasivati zidinama, n. p.), tada ne treba samo graditi zidine, već se brinuti i o tome da one budu dolično na ukras gradu.« Nema sumnje da ovdje filozof iz Stagire uopćava jedno stanovište i potvrđuje jednu praksu koja je u grčkom svijetu i prije njega bila poznata.