bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF AIRСRAFT PILOTS DURING VISUAL SEARCH AND DETECTION OF SMALL-SIZE GROUND OBJECTS IN DIFFICULT WEATHER CONDITIONS
Authors: Zasyadko Konstantin Ivanovich , Soldatov Sergei Konstantinovich , Bogomolov Aleksei Valerievich , Vonarshenko Aleksandr Pavlovich , Yazlyuk Mikhail Nikolaevich
Published: January 2021

Background. Visual search and detection of small-size ground objects in difficult weather conditions is a task that provokes psychophysiological stress. The influence of professional pilot activity on the psychophysiological cost of air reconnaissance remains unclear. Materials and methods. The study on the detection and identification of a ground object during landing approach was carried out in winter, during daylight hours: 42 aircraft pilots (average age 30.0 ± 2.8 years, experience from 7 to 14 years) performed 192 research flights. Studies of the subjective assessment of the range to small-size ground objects (SSGO) depending on different visibility conditions and flight altitude were carried out with the participation of 11 aircraft pilots (average age 31.2 ± 1.4 years, experience from 10 to 14 years). The aircraft pilots performed 33 research flights, during which the indicators of neuro-emotional stress were recorded using on-board recording equipment. Results. The search for SSGO in difficult weather conditions (DWC) is accompanied by the increased neuro-emotional stress of the pilot. The pilot's eye estimate of the range to SSGO in conditions of a limited maximum visibility (2.5–4.0 km) for altitudes of 300–400 m is characterized by overestimating the range by an average of 12 %, while good visibility results in underestimating the range. A flight under the clouds with maintaining the distance between the lower edge of the cloud and a flight height of about 50 meters is more favorable for the search for SSGO. With a decrease in this distance to 25 m or less, there is an increase in the physiological cost of such activity (increase in heart rate by 11.6 %; respiration rate by 13.7 %). Conclusion. The psychophysiological features of a pilot that affect the detection and identification of SSGO in DWC mostly depend on the maximum visibility. The coefficients obtained make it possible to adequately estimate the detection and identification range during air reconnaissance in DWC. Pilot’s workload, as well as the level of his/her neuro-emotional stress are determined by the maximum visibility and the distance between the lower edge of the cloud and the specified flight altitude.
Film fabularny jako narzędzie kuratora i badacza sztuki
Authors: Ronduda Łukasz
Published: January 2021

In the essay, the author, Łukasz Ronduda, relates his own work as an artist, a film director, an art historian and curator, discussed in the light of the cinematic turn and the formation of common ground between cinema and contemporary art in both artistic and institutional sense. Ronduda looks closely at his two full-length feature films: Performer (2015) and Serce miłości (Heart of Love) (2017) and highlights their wider context. The first frame of reference spans from experimental films to contemporary full-length productions dedicated to wide audience. The second reference is his own work involving academic research, curating, writing a novel and the creation of a found footage film. In this self-presentation, Ronduda discloses his different attempts to find the right medium to speak about and analyze contemporary art. The full-length film turned out to be particularly effective medium in its ability to express the truth by means of fiction, placing him between creation and institutional structure. Film as a medium of interpreting art  seems to productively question fixed boundaries between research, criticism and art.
Somatostatin Neurons of the Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis Enhance Associative Fear Memory Consolidation in Mice
Authors: Bruzsik Biborka , Biro Laszlo , Zelena Dora , Sipos Eszter , Szebik Huba , Sarosdi Klara Rebeka , Horvath Orsolya , Farkas Imre , Csillag Veronika , Finszter Cintia Klaudia , Mikics Eva , Toth Mate
Published: January 2021

Excessive fear learning and generalized, extinction-resistant fear memories are core symptoms of anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Despite significant evidence from clinical studies reporting hyperactivity of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) under these conditions, the role of BNST in fear learning and expression is still not clarified. Here, we tested how BNST modulates fear learning in male mice using a chemogenetic approach. Activation of GABAergic neurons of BNST during fear conditioning or memory consolidation resulted in enhanced cue-related fear recall. Importantly, BNST activation had no acute impact on fear expression during conditioning or recalls, but it enhanced cue-related fear recall subsequently, potentially via altered activity of downstream regions. Enhanced fear memory consolidation could be replicated by selectively activating somatostatin (SOM), but not corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), neurons of the BNST, which was accompanied by increased fear generalization. Our findings suggest the significant modulation of fear memory strength by specific circuits of the BNST.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) mediates different defensive behaviors, and its connections implicate its integrative modulatory role in fear memory formation; however, the involvement of BNST in fear learning has yet to be elucidated in detail. Our data highlight that BNST stimulation enhances fear memory formation without direct effects on fear expression. Our study identified somatostatin (SOM) cells within the extended amygdala as specific neurons promoting fear memory formation. These data underline the importance of anxiety circuits in maladaptive fear memory formation, indicating elevated BNST activity as a potential vulnerability factor to anxiety and trauma-related disorders.
Disease Modeling with Human Neurons Reveals LMNB1 Dysregulation Underlying DYT1 Dystonia
Authors: Ding Baojin , Tang Yu , Ma Shuaipeng , Akter Masuma , Liu Meng-Lu , Zang Tong , Zhang Chun-Li
Published: January 2021

DYT1 dystonia is a hereditary neurologic movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable muscle contractions. It is caused by a heterozygous mutation inTorsin A(TOR1A), a gene encoding a membrane-embedded ATPase. While animal models provide insights into disease mechanisms, significant species-dependent differences exist since animals with the identical heterozygous mutation fail to show pathology. Here, we model DYT1 by using human patient-specific cholinergic motor neurons (MNs) that are generated through either direct conversion of patients' skin fibroblasts or differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These human MNs with the heterozygousTOR1Amutation show reduced neurite length and branches, markedly thickened nuclear lamina, disrupted nuclear morphology, and impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) of mRNAs and proteins, whereas they lack the perinuclear “blebs” that are often observed in animal models. Furthermore, we uncover that the nuclear lamina protein LMNB1 is upregulated in DYT1 cells and exhibits abnormal subcellular distribution in a cholinergic MNs-specific manner. Such dysregulation of LMNB1 can be recapitulated by either ectopic expression of the mutantTOR1Agene or shRNA-mediated downregulation of endogenousTOR1Ain healthy control MNs. Interestingly, downregulation of LMNB1 can largely ameliorate all the cellular defects in DYT1 MNs. These results reveal the value of disease modeling with human patient-specific neurons and indicate that dysregulation of LMNB1, a crucial component of the nuclear lamina, may constitute a major molecular mechanism underlying DYT1 pathology.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInaccessibility to patient neurons greatly impedes our understanding of the pathologic mechanisms for dystonia. In this study, we employ reprogrammed human patient-specific motor neurons (MNs) to model DYT1, the most severe hereditary form of dystonia. Our results reveal disease-dependent deficits in nuclear morphology and nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT). Most importantly, we further identify LMNB1 dysregulation as a major contributor to these deficits, uncovering a new pathologic mechanism for DYT1 dystonia.
Uncovering Interaction Between The Loops Of Autonomic Regulation Of Blood Circulation From Long Time Series
Authors: Skazkina Viktoriia V. , Karavaev Anatoly S. , Borovkova Ekaterina I. , Simonyan Margarita A. , Prokhorov Mikhail D. , Ponomarenko Vladimir I. , Dubinkina Elizaveta S. , Bezruchko Boris P. , Gridnev Vladimir I. , Kiselev Anton R.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work is to study the interaction between the autonomic regulatory loops of blood circulation from long time series. Methods ― We simultaneously recorded four-hour signals of electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram from the ear and finger of ten healthy adults. We determined the intervals of phase synchronization of the studied regulatory loops and analyzed the dependence of their length on the recording time. The deviations of the total percentage of phase synchronization (index S) from its mean value were estimated in moving non-overlapping windows. Results ― For studied signals we found no significant correlation between the length of synchronization epoch and the time of its beginning. A sharp increase in the deviation of the index S from its mean was shown at the end of the experiment. Conclusion ― The increase in the deviation from the mean at the end of our records is most likely associated more with psychosomatic influences than with hormonal regulation or immobilization stress.
Possibilities Of Correcting Iatrogenic Mucositis With Cyanides In Experiment
Authors: Arakelyan Kristina A. , Romanenko Inessa G. , Golubinskaya Elena P. , Zyablitskaya Evgeniya Yu. , Makalish Tatyana P.
Published: January 2021

Background — Radiation and chemotherapy of cancer cause complications that drastically reduce the quality of life. This requires the search for effective therapeutic agents for the mucositis treatment. We investigated the effects of amygdalin as a trophic external agent for post-radiation and post-chemotherapeutic oral mucositides. The study objectives were to conduct an immunomorphological analysis using an experimental model of iatrogenic mucositis, and to evaluate the effectiveness of amygdalin as cyanide with probable protective chemical properties in mucositis correction. Material and Methods — Our studies were performed on 40 male white rats. Radiation therapy was simulated by irradiating animals with a cranial dose of 6 Gy. Then an intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin was performed. On day 7, a biopsy was taken (model control), and animals were treated for 14 days with a mixture of 0.02% nitrofurazone, Desensitin® gel, Suprasorb® and amygdalin, after which a biopsy was taken again (therapy control). Results — Immunomorphological studies revealed dystrophic structural changes due to the progress of tissue hypoxia and the launch of Fas-dependent apoptosis in tissues. Using treatment with amygdalin by activating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stimulates the macrophage population to remodel the stroma of the submucosal layer. In addition to activating the cellular components of local immunity, a therapeutic anti-apoptotic effect has been established. Conclusion — The method of mucositis correction by amygdalin is effective, which is confirmed by increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis due to revascularization and hypoxia reduction.
Effect Of Cognitive And Exercise Rehabilitation On Gait In Male Schizophrenic Patients Suffering From Depression Disorder
Authors: Khanmohammadi Razieh , Sheikh Mahmoud , Bagherzadeh Fazlolah , Hoomanian Davood , Khajavi Daryoush , Shaw Ina
Published: January 2021

Objective ― The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and exercise rehabilitation training, and non-invasive brain stimulation on the gait of schizophrenic patients suffering from depression disorder. Methods ― Fifty-five male schizophrenic patients suffering from depression disorder aged 24 to 66 years were assigned to either a control group (n=10), cognitive rehabilitation group (n=10), exercise rehabilitation training group (n=13), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) group (n=11) or multimodal intervention group (n=11). Gait was measured using a 10-meter gait speed test under normal, in dual-task cognitive-gait, and in dual task motor-gait conditions. Results ― Gait speed during the 10-meter walk test under normal conditions was significantly (P≤0.05) different from pre- to post-test in the exercise rehabilitation training, and cognitive rehabilitation multimodal intervention. Gait speed during the dual task motor-gait condition was significantly different from pre- to post-test in the exercise rehabilitation training, cognitive rehabilitation and, multimodal intervention groups (P≤0.05). Gait speed during the dual task cognitive-gait condition significantly changed from pre- to post-test following exercise rehabilitation training, cognitive rehabilitation, tDCS and the multimodal intervention group (P≤0.05). Conclusion ― This study’s findings demonstrate that exercise rehabilitation training, cognitive rehabilitation, and multimodal interventions could assist with preventing falls within Schizophrenic patients suffering from depression and thereby improve their functional independence.
SBAR Communication (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recomendation) On Attitude And Nursing Behavior In Improving Patient Safety
Authors: Sukesih Sukesih , Faridah Umi
Published: January 2021

AbstrakBackground:Sikap dan perilaku perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada pasien harus menerapkan keselamatan pasien, perawat harus melibatkan kognitif, afektif, dan tindakan yang mengutamakan keselamatan pasien. salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien yaitu dengan komunikasi efektif salah satu metode komunikasi yang efektif saat serah terima adalah komunikasi SBAR. Komunikasi SBAR (Situation, Backgroud, Assesment, Recomendation) merupakan alatinformasiyang menyediakan metode terstruktur dan formal dari komunikasi antara staf, SBAR memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan staf untuk menyusun dan menyampaikan informasi penting, meningkatkan keselamatan pasien dengan mengurangi kesalahan yang terjadi selama tindakan.Purpose:Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komunikasi SBAR terhadap sikap dan perilaku perawat dalam meningkatkan keselamatan pasien.Methods:Jenis penelitian yang digunakan quasi experiment dengan desain yang digunakan pre-posttest with control group design, hasil penelitian diolah dengan uji paired sample t test untuk sampel yang berhubungan dan independent samples t test untuk sample yang tidak berhubungan, instrument komunikasi SBAR menggunakan observasi, instrument sikap dan perilaku perawat menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi pada penelitian seluruh perawat yang bertugas di ruang rawat inap kelas 3 yaitu ruang gading 1, gading 2, flamboyan, dahlia RSUD RAA Soewondo Pati sebanyak 48 perawat, tehnik sampling dalam penelitian adalah total sampling jumlah sampel 48 perawat terbagi menjadi kelompok intervensi diruang gading 1, gading 2 sebanyak 24 perawat, kelompok kontrol diruang flamboyan, ruang dahlia sebanyak 24 perawat.Results: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna sikap perawat sesudah diberikan pelatihan komunikasi SBAR pada kelompok intervensi dengan nilai p value 0,000 dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai p value 0,103 (uji paired sample t test). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna perilaku perawat sesudah diberikan pelatihan komunikasi SBAR pada kelompok intervensi dengan nilai p value 0,000 dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai p value 0,198 (uji paired sample t test).  Conclusion: Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa komunikasi SBAR dapat meningkatkan sikap dan perilaku perawat dalam meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Keywords:  Komunikasi SBAR; Sikap dan Perilaku Perawat; Keselamatan pasien
An effective approach method in improving the attitude of preventing narcolema (drugs through the eye) in junior high school students in the city of Samarinda
Authors: Winarti Yuliani , Sunarti Sri , Wibowo Thomas Ari
Published: January 2021

Studi terbaru menunjukkan bahwa terpapar materi pornografi merupakan hal yang biasa. Pengakses pornografi atau narkolema oleh anak-anak dibawah umur sudah sangat memprihatinkan. Penanggulangan dampak narkolema perlu segera dilakukan dengan berbagai usaha preventif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode yang efektif dalam meningkatkan sikap siswa dalam pencegahan Narkolema. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experiment dengan rancangan non-equivalent control group with pre-test and post-test bertujuan untuk melihat metode yang paling efektif dalam meningkatkan sikap pencegahan narkolema. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 76 orang siswa, terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu kelompok intervensi yang mendapat metode peer educator  sebanyak 40 siswa di SMPN 4 Samarinda dan kelompok kontrol yang mendapat modul sebagai bahan bacaan mandiri sebanyak 35 siswa di SMPN 24 Samarinda yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji paired t-test dan uji  independent t - test. Keputusan pengujian hipotesis penelitian ini berdasarkan taraf signifikansi 5% atau p value = 0,05. Terdapat perbedaan sikap yang bermakna secara statistik p < 0,05 pada kedua kelompok sebesar p = 0,003. Rerata perubahan sikap kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Pendidikan kesehatan melalui metode peer educator lebih efektif dibanding modul dalam meningkatkan sikap pencegahan Narkolema.
Mobile Health Quality among National Health Insurance Participants in South Sumatra
Authors: Idris Haerawati , Misnaniarti Misnaniarti , Safriantini Dian
Published: January 2021

The development of information technology and telecommunications has penetrated into various sectors including health. With Mobile JKN, community administrative activities in managing JKN are easier. The study aims to analyze the perception of mobile health among participants JKN in South Sumatra Province. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was JKN participants stay in South Sumatra aged> 18 years who use the Mobile JKN app amount 400 participants. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data collection using online questionnaires and distributed through social media. Results of the study showed that the perception of the quality system has optimal results (50,50%). The problem encountered was in the network stability indicator from JKN mobile application users. On the quality of information has optimal results(67.50%).Problems encountered are in the indicator of limited service information, display updates. Then, the quality of service has optimal results (63,50%). The problem encountered was in the service integration indicator from the JKN mobile application. Quality of the JKN Mobile application seen from the System Quality, Information Quality and Service Quality has optimal results. BPJS Health suggested to increase network stability, improve service information, display updates and information in the JKN Mobile application, conduct application socialization, and develop service integration.
Zebrafish stm is involved in the development of otoliths and of the fertilization envelope
Authors: Pachoensuk Theeranukul , Fukuyo Taketo , Rezanujjaman Md. , Wanlada Klangnurak , Yamamoto Chihiro , Maeno Akiteru , Rahaman Md. Mostafizur , Ali Md. Hasan , Tokumoto Toshinobu
Published: January 2021

Using an in vivo assay, we selected 11 genes that were highly upregulated during the induction of ovulation in zebrafish using microarray analysis and RNA sequencing. The starmaker gene (stm) was one of these genes. Although stm has been previously reported to be involved in otolith formation during the early development of zebrafish, we detected its expression in eggs and showed that stm was related to fertilization by establishing an stm gene knockout strain using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Further phenotypic analysis of stm knockout fish was conducted in this study. With a higher nonfertilization rate, the stm mutant strain showed an extremely low survival rate. Otoliths of stm homozygous mutant zebrafish showed abnormal morphology in embryos and adult fish. However, fish did not show any abnormalities in swimming behaviour in either embryos or adults. Stm proteins were detected on the chorion of ovulated eggs before spawning. Fibre-supported knob-like structures on the fertilization envelope (FE) also showed abnormal structures in stm mutants. The Stm protein is necessary for otolith formation, and a lack of Stm causes abnormal otolith formation. The partial defect of otolith formation does not cause defects in swimming behaviour. The Stm protein is expressed in the chorion and is responsible for the formation of fibre-supported knob-like structures on the FE. It was suggested that a lack of Stm caused a lower fertilization rate due to inadequate formation of the FE.

Lay summary

In zebrafish, the protein Starmaker (Stm) was identified as having a role in ovulation. Stm is also known to be required for the formation of ear stones (otoliths) which are needed to keep the body in balance. Zebrafish lacking Stm were produced by genome editing. As expected, Stm-deficient fish formed abnormal otoliths. To investigate the role of Stm in ovulation, fertilization and early development, we tried mating of Stm mutants and observed their juveniles. Although no problem found in ovulation, we found low fertilization rate and abnormal structure of knob-like structure (small pit) on the egg membrane. Survival rate of embryos with abnormal egg membrane was extremely low. It was demonstrated that Stm protein is necessary to form the functional egg membrane to protect embryos from the outside environment.
Entre clasicismo y modernidad. Sobre el sentido del realismo político en la obra de Julien Freund
Authors: Valderrama Abenza Juan Carlos
Published: January 2021

Frecuentemente se ha interpretado la filosofía política de Julien Freund como una lectura decisionista y polemocéntrica de lo político de fuertes ecos schmittianos. Sin entrar en sus raíces intelectuales, pretendo justificar el sentido que asume en su obra la adhesión a la tradición realista, distanciándose sin embargo de una interpretación tanto cratológica como nihilista de la política que tendiera a reducir los asuntos públicos al solo dominio estratégico de los medios. Entiendo, al contrario, que el realismo de Freund coincide con su perspectiva “mesocrática” o, si se prefiere, “liberal” en un sentido “árquico”, no minarquista o neutralizador. Esto exige un cambio de enfoque en el estudio de su obra que evite fundamentalmente dos extremos: la reducción de lo político a la sola dialéctica del mando y la obediencia, a costa de la integración de todos sus factores, y la sobrevaloración del problema de los medios respecto de los fines.
John Dewey's theory of inquiry. Quantum physics, ecology and the myth of the scientific method
Authors: Fernández Mateo Joaquín
Published: January 2021

The modern philosophy of science has not succeeded in defining conclusively what the scientific method consists in. On the contrary, scientific practice seems to consist in a methodological pluralism, a definition that connects with essential fragments of John Dewey's Logic, the Theory of Inquiry. For Dewey, even the forms of logic emerge from the problems defined in indeterminate situations. A historical example was the introduction of the notion of complementarity in physics, which allowed the interpretation of two confusingly paradoxical experiments in a coherent way. Dewey's thought demonstrates its relevance by helping us to define the pattern of inquiry. Methodological pluralism and the dependence of logic on research problems is not something that will happen, it is something that has happened and does happen in scientific practices.
LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA INTERPRETACIÓN CARTOGRÁFICA COMO ESTRATEGIA PEDAGÓGICA EN LOS PROGRAMAS DE ARQUITECTURA
Authors: Abreu Plata Eneyda Caridad
Published: January 2021

La cartografía, herramienta básica de investigación geográfica, ha evolucionado en el tiempo como una técnica cada vez más precisa y compleja para representar el territorio. Los cambios hechos por el hombre para representar el mundo han ido ligados a factores históricos y culturales, entre estos los avances de la técnica.La cartografía no solo se entiende como una representación de un contexto particular en términos estrictamente geográficos, sino también como una estrategia de interpretación gráfica útil en innumerables campos como la planificación del territorio, la investigación y naturalmente la pedagogía.Por lo tanto, el artículo se enfoca en la relevancia de la cartografía en el ámbito académico, entendida como un instrumento que crea una estrecha relación entre la geografía y la historia, las tradiciones culturales, las técnicas artísticas e incluso con la filosofía al concebirla como un intento de entender la realidad. Además, se considera su papel en el campo de la semiótica, pues muestra su valor como medio de comunicación, concentrándose en el valor del mapa no solo como registro de datos sino como un conjunto de mensajes, diseñados por el cartógrafo para diferentes propósitos e interpretaciones particulares realizadas por el destinatario. En este caso, cartógrafo y destinatario académico se convierten en interlocutores que utilizan una imagen como canal comunicativo.
La mujer modélica en «Movimiento perpetuo», de Augusto Monterroso
Authors: Robles Murillo Keylor
Published: January 2021

Se efectúa un análisis sobre la representación de la mujer modélica en el relato «Movimiento perpetuo», de Augusto Monterroso. El desarrollo del estudio lo integran tres etapas: aparato crítico para acercarse al texto, análisis del texto y explicación e interpretación del sexismo. Se muestra cómo la literatura tiene la capacidad de reproducir discursos legitimados en sistemas de opresión. En este caso, se interpela la manera como el autor representa al personaje femenino, desde los rasgos de la mujer modélica: sumisión, sujeción y obediencia.
Hablo, luego existo.
Authors: Vargas Gómez Francisco
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se aborda la traducción del lenguaje marcado en los textos literarios, a partir de tres premisas: 1. el lenguaje de narradores y personajes es signicativo tanto para su caracterización como para la construcción del contexto en que transcurre la acción; 2. no hay una única manera de traducir el lenguaje marcado; 3. las diferentes formas de hacerlo responden a las circunstancias en que se produce la traducción. Se desarrollan tres enfoques —neutralización, homologación y compensación (social)— mediante las cuales se aborda la traducción del lenguaje marcado en el microrrelato «The Artful Touch», de Charles Dickens. Sendas traducciones resultan adecuadas según la situación.
Consideraciones generales sobre la responsabilidad penal por la no evitación imprudente del delito doloso ajeno: dos «residuos»
Authors: Germano Riccardo
Published: January 2021

Partiendo de la base de que la responsabilidad penal por no evitar un delito doloso cometido por otra persona nace como reacción a los problemas probatorios por hechos cometidos en estructuras organizativas, se analiza, en primer lugar, las críticas, en relación con este tipo de responsabilidad, de la cláusula general que regula la comisión por omisión en el Código Penal español (art. 11). En segundo lugar, el trabajo aborda dos tipos de comisión por omisión culposas, los cuales, producto de la norma sobre comisión por omisión (art. 11), las normas sobre intervención delictiva (arts. 28 y 29) y el sistema numerus clausus de la culpa (art. 12), no resultan punibles. Finalmente, se analizan las consecuencias colaterales de la criminalización del omitente, incluso si es imprudente: la posible pérdida de un testigo de cargo en relación con el delito no evitado cometido por otra persona y la restricción del principio de la autorresponsabilidad, de manera especialmente grave en los casos de «omisión de protección».
Diagnóstico tardío y pérdida de oportunidad
Authors: Ramos Mateos Almudena
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo pretende acercar al lector la problemática de la doctrina de la pérdida de oportunidad en su aplicación al ámbito del diagnóstico médico tardío. A pesar de su creciente popularidad, debido a la especialidad de la materia, es una gran desconocida para la mayoría de los operadores jurídicos. En consecuencia, a menudo se les presentan dudas acerca de si todo retraso es constitutivo de mala praxis, sobre cuáles son los requisitos necesarios para aplicar esta doctrina o qué pasos deben seguir para cuantificar la indemnización que le corresponde a la víctima del daño. Todas estas cuestiones son tratadas en el trabajo desde un punto de vista práctico y conectado a la realidad de nuestros tribunales, pues se torna imprescindible este enfoque para tratar una materia tan fuertemente casuística como es esta
Población flotante y dinámica urbana en Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas: migración centroamericana y desigualdad social
Authors: Rojas Pérez Hugo Saúl , Kuromiya Aki
Published: January 2021

El artículo aborda las distintas nociones locales sobre la “población flotante”, captadas en los discursos y las prácticas de los habitantes de Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas, México. En sus discursos, se enuncia “población flotante” como sinónimo de habitantes temporales, cuyo origen se supone es Centroamérica, y como representación de una “otredad” problemática. Mediante el análisis de los discursos locales, configuración urbana y el mercado laboral de esta ciudad fronteriza, se demuestra que la “población flotante” encarna una paradoja: por una parte, se denomina así por su temporalidad no definida y por su otredad y se le atribuye la inseguridad y la deficiente infraestructura urbana, pero por otra, se incorpora a la vida laboral como mano de obra barata y flexible, que contribuye al flujo mercantil tanto global como local. Evidenciamos que su característica de “ser flotante”, vista como condición de actor, incide en la nueva dinámica urbana del contexto fronterizo.
Pesantren Hybrid Worldview: Moderatisasi Paradigma Penalaran Keislaman dan Pemenangan Kontestasi Wacana Daring
Authors: Ardiansyah Mochammad Zaka
Published: January 2021

Hingga 2016, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) mengungkap bahwa pesantren di Indonesia belum steril dari radikalisme. Di sisi lain, kontestasi wacana di jagat maya menuntut santri dan alumni pesantren untuk menyampaikan pesan damai guna mengimbangi wacana radikal tersebut. Melalui artikel ini, penulis menawarkan hybrid worldview, yakni cara pandang dan revolusi kurikulum pesantren moderat yang mendorong santri melestarikan tradisi kepatuhan mutlak pada kiai. Cara pandang ini juga mendorong santri agar fokus mengembangkan nalar kritis, memiliki kompetensi penalaran paradigmatik yang adaptif terhadap dinamika zaman dan menerima perbedaan, bersikap rasional dan otonom, serta selektif terhadap literatur siswa pesantren. Artikel ini merekomendasikan keahlian coding dengan bahasa pemrograman R dan pengelolaan big data bagi santri. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan produsen portal wacana moderat untuk memenangkan dominasi wacana daring.
Internalisasi Etika Bermedia Sosial Nahdlatul Ulama dalam Pendekatan Saintifik
Authors: Makmun Ngali Zainal , Mahmudah Masrurotul , Mushodiq Muhamad Agus
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan etika bermedia sosial ala Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) melalui pendekatan saintifik pada Kurikulum 2013. Dewasa ini, begitu banyak informasi hoaks yang tersebar di dunia maya, di mana salah siswa menjadi bagian darinya. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini penting dilakukan agar siswa dapat lebih kritis dalam menanggapi informasi yang beredar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis konten sebagai pendekatannya. Adapun temuan penelitian ini adalah internalisasi prinsip tabayun mendorong siswa untuk tidak bersikap apologis dan selalu kritis terhadap informasi yang didapatkan. Selain itu, hal ini mendorong mereka menggali informasi sebanyak-banyaknya sehingga muncul budaya literasi. Prinsip kejujuran dan kebermanfaatan informasi juga mendorong para siswa untuk dapat mengolah informasi dan mengkomunikasikan hasil investigasi secara obyektif. Selain itu, etika menjaga lisan menjadi pijakan bagi siswa untuk menyampaikan pendapat dan informasi yang diperoleh dengan cara yang damai.
Pengarusutamaan Nilai-nilai Sufisme dalam Pendidikan Islam Indonesia Kontemporer
Authors: Rubaidi Rubaidi
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini menelaah dan mendiskusikan kembali arti penting dimensi nilai-nilai sufisme sebagai ruh dasar bagi pendidikan Islam Indonesia dewasa ini di tengah berbagai problematika sosialnya. Tulisan yang didasarkan atas riset partisipatoris pada psudo-sufi, yakni Majelis Shalawat Adlimiyah di Bojonegoro dan Pasuruan. Temuan menunjukkan efektifitas dimensi sufisme dalam mereduksi dekadensi moral di satu sisi dan menguatkan pendidikan karakter di sisi lain. Relasi guru-murid sebagai inti ajaran sufisme menjadi titik masuk sekaligus modal bagi proses-proses pembentukan kepribadian dan akhlaq yang keduanya merupakan essensi dari pendidikan karakter. Praktik demikian ini telah terjadi selama ratusan tahun dalam tradisi pendidikan sufisme dan masih berjalan hingga saat ini. Salah satu representasinya melalui pendidikan sufisme dalam Majelis Shalawat Adlimiyah. Tulisan ini menyarankan bahwa kebutuhan melakukan pengarusutamaan nilai-nilai sufisme ke dalam pendidikan Islam menjadi kebutuhan mendesak dalam menjawab problematika pendidikan Islam Indonesia kontemporer.
Eksplorasi Nilai-nilai Kesetaraan dalam Pendidikan Pesantren Mu’ādalah
Authors: Rahman Mufiqur , Bakri Maskuri , Busri Hasan , Zainullah Zainullah , Rahmawati Roro Kurnia Nofita
Published: January 2021

Salah satu nilai moderasi Islam adalah kesetaraan. Kesetaraan dalam pendidikan menjadi sangat penting untuk memastikan proses pendidikan yang berkeadilan (equity) dan berkesetaraan (equality). Pesantren Mu’ādalah adalah satuan pendidikan yang ekslusif, dengan sistem pendidikan yang otonom, mandiri dan berbeda baik dengan sekolah, madrasah atau pesantren lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi nilai dan praktik kesetaraan dalam pendidikan Pesantren Mu’ādalah secara inklusif.  Dengan pendekatan penelitian etnografi, Pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan Sumenep dipilih sebagai lokus penelitian. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa, Pesantren Al-Amien tidak hanya menjadi Pesantren Mu’ādalah yang setara secara institusional, tetapi juga memiliki substansi dan praktis kesetaraan itu sendiri. Nilai-nilai spiritual, integrasi keislaman dan keindonesiaan, dan implementasi budaya lokal pesantren dalam praktik kelembagaan memberikan justifikasi esensi kesetaraan pesantren mu’ādalah dengan lembaga pendidikan lainnya.
Dimensi Post-Tradisionalisme Islam dalam Madrasah: Konvergensi Turāth Islam dan Modernitas Barat
Authors: Ishom Fuadi Fikri
Published: January 2021

Pemikiran Islam kontemporer banyak disibukkan oleh konflik antara tradisi (al-turāth) dan modernitas (al-hadāthah). Di tengah polemik ini, terdapat arus pemikiran Post-Tradisionalisme Islam di Indonesia di era pasca-reformasi yang menawarkan transformasi tradisi tanpa meninggalkan nilai dasar tradisi itu sendiri. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan format Post-Tradisionalisme Islam dalam kultur pendidikan agama Islam di Madrasah Aliyah Unggulan Darul ‘Ulum STEP-2 Kemenag RI-IDB Jombang dan implikasinya terhadap formulasi kurikulum madrasahnya. Metode penelitiannya menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-fenomenologis dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, pengamatan berperan-serta, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kultur pendidikan agama Islam di madrasah ini terdapat unsur otentisitas (al-aṣālah) dan kekinian (al-mu’āṣirah) yang mana keduanya mengindikasikan adanya aspek kontinuitas dan transformasi tradisi. Hal ini berimplikasi pada perumusan kurikulum madrasah yang didasarkan pada prinsip konservasi dan hibridasi, sehingga para siswa dapat mengikuti perkembangan dunia modern tanpa tercerabut dari akar tradisi mereka sendiri.
Kontribusi Kiai Shaleh Darat dalam Penulisan Tafsir di Indonesia
Authors: Istianah Istianah
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the contribution of Kiai Shaleh Darat, a prominent Muslim scholar as well as a noticeable warrior against Western invaders, in writing Qur’anic commentaries in Indonesia. His Qur’anic commentary entitled Fayd al-Rahman fi Tarjamat Tafsir Kalam Malik al-Dayyan, written in Javanese-Arabic (pegon), is not only considered as a representation of Javanese identity, but also as a means of resistance against Dutch colonialism. Through interpretation, he is not only giving an understanding of the Qur’an, but also managing a resistance through the Qur’anic exegesis. That is because at that time the Dutch government forbade the translation of the Qur’an. This interpretation is written using the method of tahlili (explanation) with Sufis nuance which becomes the spirit in each word of his interpretation. Shaleh Darat was greatly influenced by Sufism figures such as Imam al-Ghazali through his Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din and Ibn ‘Ata’illah through his Hikam. Thi article eventually argues that Fayd al-Rahman has, at least, three contributive manifestations in the discourse of Indonesia Qur’anic interpretation: the Qur’anic sufism, cultural resistance, and community development in instilling the values of goodness.
The Motive Of Wearing A Face Veil In The Early Islam: Two Narratives Of Prophetic Traditions
Authors: M. Hasbi , Hasbullah Hasbullah , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the motives for wearing a face veil in early Islam. With the lens of prophetic historical reflection, it focuses on two narratives of the hadith on veil: the Arab women who sold in the market of Bani Qaynuqa‘ and ‘Aishah on hadith al-ifk. This article argues that the motives of covering their faces has close related to the situation and conditions occurred at the time. Historically, the two stories explained that wearing a face veil as a protection of dignity and self-esteem from an uncomfortable milieu. Sociologically, the face veil was cultural habits in guarding women from any social disorders and negative treatment. While psychologically, wearing a face veil symbolized the purity of an honor and the high value of personality embedded in the dignity of women so as not to invite a slander.
Konsep Sunnah dalam Perspektif Ahmad Amin
Authors: Umar Atho’illah
Published: January 2021

The earliest discourse on hadith revolves around the attempts to record in a written material, which in several accounts of Prophetic traditions are banned to write. This issue further becomes the center of the problem on the authority and authenticity of the hadiths where many scholars have paid attention to its discussion. This article was an attempt to reconceptualize a theory of hadith criticism initiated by Ahmad Amin. Through his book Fajr al-Islam, Amin, among others, questioned the originality of the hadith after the death of the Prophet. He recounted the concept of sunnah by questioning its authenticity after the death of the Prophet. This article also presents a theoretical criticism to some extend gives some responses to those who contend the concept of ‘adalat al-sahabah, a concept whose existence has been agreed upon as a measure of h}adi>th measurement by scholars of muhaddithin.
Kekalahan Keberagaman Di Ruang Publik Atas Fatwa Sesat MUI: Pendekatan Semantik Terhadap Term Dalal Dalam Alquran
Authors: Yardho Moh.
Published: January 2021

Secara konsitusional, Indonesia menjamin hak kebebasan beragama seluruh warga negaranya. Namun pada dataran realitas, aturan tersebut berbenturan dengan fakta bahwa aksi vandalisme terhadap kelompok keagamaan tertentu, terutama dalam lingkup agama atau aliran minoritas, masih kerap menjadi fenomena. Perilaku kekerasan terjadi antara lain karena terdapat satu kelompok yang memiliki acuan dasar tentang apa dan bagaimana seharusnya beragama dijalankan dalam ruang publik. Dengan kata lain, narasi-narasi eksklusif masih menjadi acuan kelompok tertentu. Dalam hal ini, MUI merumuskan 10 kriteria aliran sesat, yang pada satu sisi dapat menjadi rumusan tentang batasan beragama secara “benar”, namun pada sisi lain menyimpan ide eksklusif. Berlatar fenomena tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pandangan Alquran tentang isu kebebasan beragama, melalui pendekatan semantik terhadap term dalal. Lebih lanjut, wacana Alquran tersebut akan disintesakan dengan diskursus negara bangsa dan social capital. Pada gilirannya kedua sintesa tersebut menghadirkan simpulan bahwa kebebasan beragama menemukan referensial Alquran dan relevan dalam ruang publik Indonesia.
Kritik Hadis Prespektif Akram Diya' al-Umari
Authors: Badruz Zaman Muhammad
Published: January 2021

In the study of hadith criticism, there are two aspects that cannot be favored one of them. They are the criticism of sanad and the criticism of matan. Both of them have several validity criterias, they are the continuity of sanad, the narrators are reliable (‘ādil) and retentive (dābit), and free from the absurdity (shādh) and defect (‘illah). Many Muslim Scholars have formulated methods of hadith criticism. One of them Akram Diyā’ al-‘Umarī. Academically, this article examines Akram Diyā’  al-‘Umarī’s  thoughts on the hadith  criticism. He is a professor in the field on Islamic history and modern science. The background of Islamic historian adds to the options in the study of hadith criticism. He is a productive contemporary scholars. Many of his works were used as references by hadith researchers. One of his works that become masterpiece is Manhaj al-Naqd ‘ind al-Muhaddithin Muqaranan bi al-Manhaj al-Naqdi al-Gharbi (the Method of hadith criticism according to h}adith Scholars compared with Western criticism methods).
Drama Ilahi: Membaca Kronologi Wahyu Alquran
Authors: Ikhwan Munirul
Published: January 2021

Kronologi wahyu adalah salah satu topik paling rumit dalam studi Alquran karena Alquran pada awal kemunculannya tidak berwujud mushaf yang tertata rapi, namun muncul dari rangkaian refleksi ‘tindakan Tuhan’ dalam latar kesejarahan tertentu manusia yang merespon beragam isu sosial keagamaan. Bertolak dari studi-studi terdahulu, artikel ini mengulas kronologi wahyu dengan menempatkan Alquran dalam konteks sejarah karir Nabi Muhammad. Studi ini mengambil penekanan yang berbeda dari teori kronologi yang ada yang utamanya bertumpu pada analisis gaya bahasa Alquran dalam kaitannya dengan psikologi Nabi, atau dari teori kronologi yang dibangun berdasarkan urutan (sequence) gagasan keagamaan. Dengan membaca ulang teori kronologi yang ada, studi ini berargumen bahwa upaya rekonstruksi kronologi wahyu harus didasarkan pada bangunan sejarah dialektika Alquran dengan audiens pertamanya. Studi ini melihat kronologi wahyu sebagai “drama ilahi” yang merefleksikan komunikasi dialektik antar berbagai aktor yang terangkum dalam teks yang kemudian diimani sebagai kalam Allah. Dengan demikian, studi ini menekankan bahwa dasar kronologi wahyu adalah rangkaian kejadian masa formasi Islam, sementara analisis terhadap gaya bahasa Alquran memainkan peran pendukung.
The chronology of revelation is one of the most complicated topics in Qur’anic studies because the Qur’an at its initial emergence did not appear as a neatly arranged codex, but emerged from a series of reflections on the 'acts of God' in a particular setting of human history responding various socio-religious issues. Departing from some previous studies, this article examines the chronology of revelation by situating the Qur’an within the historical context of the Prophet Muhammad’s career. This study takes a different emphasis from existing chronological theories which primarily rely on the analysis of linguistic styles of the Qur’an in their relation to the psychology of the Prophet, or from those which are built on the order of religious ideas. By revisiting the existing chronological theories, this study argues that any effort to build a chronology of revelation must be based on the historical formation of the Qur’an’s dialectics with its first audience. This study sees the chronology of revelation as "divine drama" which reflects dialectical communication between various actors summarized in a text which is later believed to be the word of God. Thus, this study emphasizes that the basis of the chronology of revelation is a series of events during the formation of Islam whereas the analysis on the linguistic styles of the Qur’an plays a complementary role.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kemiskinan di 9 (Sembilan) Kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Yustie Renta
Published: January 2021

This research aims to analyze effect from human development index (HDI), dependency ratio, open unemployment rate to poverty is partially and simultaneously. Data used in research is secondary data are poverty, human development index (HDI), dependency ratio, open unemployment rate overall in percentage (%)., with used analyze of multiple linier regression methode. This result is human development index (HDI), dependency ratio, open unemployment rate have a effect to partially and simultaneously to poverty.
A Critical Appreciation of Abū al-A‘lā al-Mawdūdī’s Reading of Sufism
Authors: Shah Muhammad Maroof
Published: January 2021

There is a problem of persistence of anti-Sufi image of Syed Abū al-A‘lā al-Mawdūdī owing its genesis partly to tangential engagement with key doctrinal issues of Sufism and certain ambivalence regarding it in him and, more significantly, due to Mawdūdī’ scholarship’s atomistic reading of his key statements. For addressing this key problem, this paper critiques atomistic reading and explores certain background methodological issues and reflections on definitions of Sufism besides key points in his life and work. Our analysis of his work shows he entered into a dialogue with Sufism, acknowledged his debt to it, and we better approach him a contributor to the debate on Sufism and not its simplistic denier/outsider. Evidences include, among others, his moral mysticism, his respect for major Sufi Masters and celebration of his Sufi ancestry, his attempt to visit Sufi Masters, his early poetry in Sufi vein, his involvement with (and influence from) the al-Asfār al-Arba‘a of Mulla Sadra, and his reworking/appropriation of certain key Sufi themes and Sufi organizational structure in the Jamaat-e-Islami.
The Institutional Responses of State Islamic Universities to Islamism: Lessons Learned from Three Campuses
Authors: Umam Fawaizul , Faizin Khoirul
Published: January 2021

This study attempts to reveal the trend of Islamism and the institutional responses to it in Indonesian higher education, especially in the Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri or State Islamic Universities (PTKIN). Three PTKINs, which were UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, and IAIN Jember, were purposively selected as the research locus. Meanwhile, a case study approach was used to describe Islamism’s trend at these state universities from the 2000s to 2017. It was discovered that the Islamists attempted to infiltrate the campus life through two strategies, which were called persuasive and normative-reeducative. Subsequently, this phenomenon urged the three PTKINs to decide their institutional responses, which have been mainly aimed at deradicalizing campus life and delegitimizing Islamism’s ideology among academics. The institutional responses seem to be pivotal for all PTKINs, especially the three selected schools, because the campus is home to the scientific realm and not a political one. Also, Islamism is a factual threat, both to the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) and the ideals of the religion as a blessing for the universe.