bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The paradox of criminal procedural provision of notarial secrecy and its overcoming
Authors: Lagodina Elena Ivanovna
Published: October 2024

The main subject of this article, is notarial secrecy, the purpose of which in criminal proceedings is to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of its participants of the criminal proceedings. Despite the fact that the property relations developping in criminal proceedings at an accelerated pace, the activities of a notary in general and such an important element as notarial secrecy still remain "Terra incognita" for the science of criminal procedure. The lack of targeted research in this area leads to a "lag" in legislative regulation and problems in law enforcement. Of particular interest is the consideration of the phenomenon of notarial secrecy from the point of view of such a legal regime of secrecy, which defines it as a multi-secret, covering numerous areas of personal life of citizens. This circumstance confirms the necessity and expediency of establishing procedural means of protecting notarial secrecy. Using dialectical, theoretical, comparative legal, formal legal, methods of research allowed the author of the article to obtain significant information about the essence of notarial secrecy and its features in relation to the criminal procedure sphere. The novelty of the obtained results is expressed in the author's position regarding the identified paradox in the regulation of the system of ensuring the rights of participants, contradictions in the attitude of the legislator to the protection of their property interests and ensuring their stability in the presence of verification of a report of a crime, criminal proceedings. In the applied aspect, judgments are expressed about its essence as a complex legal phenomenon, each element of which should be assessed independently and receive its own means of protection from disclosure in the context of criminal proceedings, as well as at the stage of verification of a report of a crime.
Analysis of Idioms in Neural Machine Translation: A Data Set
Authors: Skacheva Nina Vasil'evna
Published: October 2024

There has been a debate in various circles of the public for decades about whether a "machine can replace a person." This also applies to the field of translation. And so far, some are arguing, others are "making a dream come true." Therefore, now more and more research is aimed at improving machine translation systems (hereinafter MP). To understand the advantages and disadvantages of MP systems, it is necessary, first of all, to understand their algorithms. At the moment, the main open problem of neural machine translation (NMP) is the translation of idiomatic expressions. The meaning of such expressions does not consist of the meanings of their constituent words, and NMT models tend to translate them literally, which leads to confusing and meaningless translations. The research of idioms in the NMP is limited and difficult due to the lack of automatic methods. Therefore, despite the fact that modern NMP systems generate increasingly high-quality translations, the translation of idioms remains one of the unsolved tasks in this area. This is due to the fact that idioms, as a category of verbose expressions, represent an interesting linguistic phenomenon when the general meaning of an expression cannot be made up of the meanings of its parts. The first important problem is the lack of special data sets for learning and evaluating the translation of idioms. In this paper, we solve this problem by creating the first large-scale dataset for translating idioms. This data set is automatically extracted from the German translation corpus and includes a target set in which all sentences contain idioms, and a regular training corpus in which sentences containing idioms are marked. We have released this dataset and are using it to conduct preliminary experiments on NMP as a first step towards improving the translation of idioms.
Factors of parental burnout of mothers raising a child with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Krivoshei Kristina Olegovna
Published: October 2024

Recently, the number of children with autism spectrum disorder has been growing, and accordingly, the number of families in which a special child is brought up is growing. According to a University of Wisconsin study, parents of children with special needs experience a stress level comparable to that experienced by a serviceman in a combat zone. Parents and especially mothers raising a child are experiencing chronic stress, which determines the development of parental burnout syndrome. The aim of the study is to identify the factors determining the development of symptoms of parental burnout of mothers raising a child with autism spectrum disorder. The subject of the study is a comparative analysis of the severity of symptoms of parental burnout of mothers raising a child with autism spectrum disorder. Identification of factors of development of parental burnout will allow to determine the target symptoms for the prevention and correction of this syndrome. The sample consisted of 54 mothers aged 36.52±6.54 years who have a child with autism spectrum disorder of preschool age, the age of children is 6.1± 1.72. The research methodology is the questionnaire "Parental burnout" by Efimova, used to study the level of parental burnout. Mothers raising children with autism spectrum disorders and being divorced have a significantly higher level of emotional exhaustion than married women and women living in a civil marriage. Satisfaction with marital relations is a factor influencing the indicators of parental burnout of women raising children with autism spectrum disorders. The scientific novelty of the study is to determine the role of marital satisfaction in the development of symptoms of parental burnout of mothers raising a child with autism spectrum disorders.
Psychological support for hospital adaptation and positive attitude of the adolescents
Authors: Shumakova Olga Alekseevna , Ageeva-Podobed Irina Borisovna , Zhakupova Yana Turarovna , Shumakov Vadim Anatolevich , Titova Ekaterina Ivanovna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the psychological features of the hospital adaptation of adolescents, depending on the profile of the disease (gastroenterological and neurological). The work is aimed at identifying clinical and psychological characteristics in conditions of hospitalization as a "target" for preventive support of socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents in the hospital. The materials of an empirical study are presented, 120 people took part in all stages, two groups of subjects (neurological and gastroenterological departments) with an equal number of participants, the same number of boys and girls, and equal average age in the groups (11±0.8) were selected for the forming experiment. The authors pay special attention to the identification of psychological correlates of adaptation, the consideration of which increases the effectiveness of psychological support in the hospital. According to the results of the implementation of the developed program, an improvement in the indicators of socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents, stabilization of emotional well-being and a positive attitude to the treatment process in the hospital was revealed. Psychodiagnostic methods were applied: the CMAS scale of explicit anxiety; The methodology for diagnosing socio-psychological adaptation by K. Rogers, R. Diamond; the Kettell test, 14PF/HSPQ, the Spielberger-Hanin anxiety scale. Methods of mathematical statistics: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Student's T-criterion Scientific novelty lies in the identification of psychological correlates of hospital adaptation depending on the disease profile. Conclusions were obtained: the presence of psychological support for the hospitalization process of children allows to reduce anxiety, improve attitude to treatment, consolidate a positive emotional state and stabilize the socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents in the hospital; it is advisable to implement a hospital adaptation program taking into account the psychological characteristics of adolescents, depending on the profile of the disease; hospital adaptation of the patients with the neurological profile is accompanied by anxiety particularities; psychological support can be carried out in the direction of activating self-presentation, creating situations with vivid impressions and interesting facts, supporting the positioning of a teenager as an adult, independent and responsible for his behavior and a clear mode of life in a hospital.
The Napoleonic theme in the story by A. Zegers "Slavery returned to Guadeloupe" in the context of the traditions of F.M. Dostoevsky
Authors: Melnikova Lyubov Alexandrovna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the specifics of the disclosure of the Napoleonic theme in the story by A. Zegers "Slavery returned to Guadeloupe" in the context of the development of the traditions of F.M. Dostoevsky. This work belongs to the so-called "Negro" novels by Anna Zegers. The development of the events described in the work is based on antagonism and the problem of mutual rejection of blacks and whites. The problem of the oppressed position of Blacks in the story is closely related to the image of Napoleon. In her literary and critical articles, A. Zegers repeatedly denounced the Napoleonic concept of power. The writer reflected on it as part of the analysis of the creative heritage of F.M. Dostoevsky and L.N. Tolstoy. In this article, the disclosure of the Napoleonic theme in the story by A. Zegers is considered in the context of the traditions of F.M. Dostoevsky. The author uses the following methods of researching a work of art: the method of structural analysis, the method of holistic analysis, the method of comparative analysis. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the image of Napoleon in this work is recreated through the use of inappropriate direct speech, expressive details, direct and indirect characteristics given to him by other characters. Following the traditions of F.M. Dostoevsky in this work was manifested in the fact that, firstly, A. Zegers recreates the images of the heroes-ideologists Beauvais and Beranger, for whom service to public duty, reflections on the fate of mankind (on the example of the population of Guadeloupe) dominate personal interests. Secondly, like the Russian classic, the writer condemns the cruel and unjustified pursuit of power and greatness based on the humiliation and destruction of the weak and defenseless. But unlike Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", in which Raskolnikov admires Napoleon as a historical figure, the German writer focuses on describing the perception of Bonaparte by his contemporaries. As a result, the cult of Napoleon's personality is absent in the main part of the story, and in the finale of the work it is debunked by using the antithesis with the images of Beauvais and Beranger. This is the peculiarity of the artistic approach of the German writer in terms of the Napoleonic theme in the story "Slavery returned to Guadeloupe"
On the essence of poetic creativity in the understanding of V. Solovyov and Yu.N. Govorukha-Otrok
Authors: Zakharova Elizaveta Mikhailovna
Published: October 2024

The focus of this study is the literary-critical statements of V.S. Solovyov and Yu.N. Govorukha-Otrok about the poetry of A.A. Fet. The main object of research – articles written in the 1890s, during the formation of the philosophical method of literary criticism: "About lyrical poetry. Concerning the last poems of Fet and Polonsky" (Solovyov, 1890), "Poetry of Fet" (Govorukho-Otrok, 1892; 1893). Vladimir Solovyov, a younger contemporary and opponent of Govorukho-Otrok, can paradoxically be considered as a mentor in philosophical criticism. The purpose of this work is to identify and analyze the views of Solovyov and Govorukho-Otrok on the essence of poetic creativity. The novelty of the research lies in the comparison of the literary-critical systems of the opposing authors. The homogeneity of the methods reveals itself through a combination of journalism and subjectivity, as well as a mandatory focus on social impact. But if for Govorukho-Otrok the main point of support in literary and critical judgments is religion, for V. Solovyov it is history. Only the spiritual and eternal, according to those writers, can be both a source and an object of poetic comprehension. For both critics, the poet appears, if not a sacred, then an exceptional figure.
The idea of "evil" in Russian, French and Chinese
Authors: Golovanivskaya Mariya Konstantinovna , Efimenko Nikolai Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2024

The subject of this article is the concept of "evil" in the linguistic worldviews of three different cultures – Russian, French and Chinese. As part of the contrastive analysis, the authors study and compare various aspects of this concept, while using a well-defined algorithm. The study covers the etymology of the word in each of the languages, mythological roots, as well as its compatibility with other lexical units. Special attention is paid to the allocation of material connotation, as proposed by V. A. Uspensky, and the comparison of dictionary definitions. The main purpose of the work is to identify the unique and common features of the concept of "evil" in the semantic fields of these cultures, which allows for a better understanding of the ideological specifics of the Russian, French and Chinese peoples. The scientific methods of research are : the comparative historical method, the method of generalization, the method of semantic analysis. This topic is poorly studied and relevant, because there were no early linguistic and cultural studies of the West-Russia-East coverage analyzing this concept in Russian, French and Chinese languages and cultures, which is the scientific novelty of the work. The findings of the study emphasize the diversity of perception and representation of the concept of "evil" in different cultures. In Russian, evil is the antonym of good, it is embodied and animated in the form of a hostile principle, against which a person actively fights. In French, "mal" originally had a religious meaning associated with the devil, but in modern language the emphasis has shifted to the meanings of "pain" and "illness". At the same time, the fight against evil is more evident in philosophical and religious contexts than in everyday life. In Chinese culture, the roots of the concept of "恶" are associated with ancient ideas about ancestral spirits and are opposed to goodness through associations with dirt, diseases and weeds. In addition, the influence of Christianity during the late Qing Dynasty was reflected in the perception of sin in modern Chinese.
The idea of lying in Russian, French and Chinese
Authors: Golovanivskaya Mariya Konstantinovna , Efimenko Nikolai Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2024

The subject of the research in this article is the analysis of the concept of "lies" in Russian, French and Chinese. Attention is paid to the lexical and etymological features of the word "lie" and its connection with other concepts such as "truth" and "deception". Lying is seen as a deliberate distortion of reality, which has deep roots in human cognition and mythological representations. The author discusses about the antonymic pairs "truth-lie", reflecting the opposition characteristic of human perception of the world. Special attention is paid to images and symbols associated with lies, such as swamp, mud and water, which reinforce the negative connotation of this concept. The lexical environment of the word "lie", its compatibility with various adjectives and verbs, as well as the difference between lies and untruths also become the object of analysis. The article attempts to reveal how cultural aspects influence the perception of lies in the Russian language and consciousness. The research methodology is based on a linguistic analysis of the vocabulary, etymology and compatibility of the word "lie" in Russian, French and Chinese, as well as on the interpretation of cultural and mythological images associated with this concept. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the in-depth analysis of the concept of "lies" in Russian, French and Chinese, revealing their mythological and cultural roots. The article explores how ancient symbols and metaphors such as the sun, water, threads and fabric form modern ideas about truth and falsehood, demonstrating their universal aspects in Indo-European and Asian cultures. The study also emphasizes gender aspects, linking speech with the feminine principle and revealing the dualistic opposition inherent in mythological systems. The revealed conclusions show that concepts related to truth and falsehood continue to live in modern consciousness, preserving ancient mythological elements and adapting to modern cultural and linguistic contexts.
Features of the artistic time in M. A. Kuzmin's novels "The Adventures of Aimé Leboeuf" and "The Journey of Sir John Fairfax through Turkey and other notable countries"
Authors: Glazkova Marina Mikhailovna , Ikonnikova Yana Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the research in the article is the peculiarities of artistic time in the novels of M.A. Kuzmin. The object of the research is the novels by M. A. Kuzmin "The Adventures of Aimé Leboeuf" and "The Journey of Sir John Fairfax through Turkey and other notable countries". The purpose of the study is to discover the specific features of time as a chronotope parameter in the artistic space of M.A. Kuzmin's novels. The authors of the article identify a range of tasks: to determine the meaning of the term chronotope, its functions, the role of the category "artistic time" in the binary structure of the chronotope; to analyze the novels of M.A. Kuzmin from the point of view of following literary traditions and innovation in the aspect of subjectivity/objectivity of perception of time by heroes, temporal ways of representing events and their correlation, including types of time in the canvas Romanov.  The methodological tools were made up of a cultural-historical method used within the framework of the chronotopic approach, which allowed for a diachronic analysis of M.A. Kuzmin's novels; structural-descriptive and descriptive-functional methods aimed at researching works from the point of view of the structure and functions of the object. The novelty of the research lies in the use of a chronotopic approach in the analysis of Kuzmin's works with the condition of isolating the category of time, the conceptual category that decodes the author's model of the world, carries out the relationship of the work and the objective world. Such a principle of temporality in the study of M.A. Kuzmin's novels exposed the plot time, the subjective perception of time by the characters, the author's time, revealing the writer's concept, as well as the aspectual and subjective modal properties that form the writer's idiosyncrasy. The results of the study can be used in the disciplines of the humanities cycle in schools, educational institutions of secondary special education, and universities. As a result, the authors of the article came to the following conclusions. M.A. Kuzmin follows literary traditions in understanding the meaning of the artistic chronotope and its functions, highlighting time as the leading principle in the structure of the chronotope, in the embodiment of different forms of time. The writer's innovation is represented by the inclusion of a rapid change of events, the effect of omission, the introduction of inversions into chronology, the use of several forms of time, the subjectivity of the narrative, the creation of a new image of the hero
B. Miller's work on the stage of the Jewish Theater of Birobidzhan
Authors: Gamalei Sof'ya Yur'evna
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the tasks of cultural policy implemented in the Russian Federation at the present stage, according to which culture is elevated to the rank of national priorities when its successful development is inextricably linked with the use of already accumulated historical experience. That is why the aim of the work was to explore the work of the Jewish writer Boris Miller through his works, which were staged in the Jewish theaters of Birobidzhan. Boris Miller is a famous Jewish writer who has lived and worked in the Jewish Autonomous Region for many years. His fate was inseparable from the political processes taking place in the country. So in the 1930s, he successfully worked in journalism, but already in the context of the struggle against cosmopolitanism he would be repressed. Despite this, after returning from the camp, he will continue to work in the literary field and will write many wonderful literary works. In his work, he addressed topics close to him. Based on the articles of periodicals, the author was able to analyze three performances based on the writer's plays: "He is from Birobidzhan", "Miracles do not happen", "Thirty-three Heroes". These performances will be a creative find of Jewish theaters, but their study was not the subject of research, which is the novelty of this work. Also, for the first time in the historiography of the presented topic, the names of actors who played roles in performances based on B. Miller's plays are mentioned. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion about the inseparable connection of the writer Boris Miller with the Jewish theater groups of Birobidzhan, which led to joint work on the creation of high-quality and relevant works for the Soviet period.
I. Kant: metaphysical justification of aesthetics
Authors: Kormin Nikolai Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2024

The subject of this article is a study of the problem of metaphysical substantiation of aesthetics in Kant's philosophy, conducted during the analysis of two editions of the introduction to the Critique of the Faculty of Judgment. The results of the conducted research allow us to find out to what extent Kant's interpretation of aesthetics is metaphysically loaded. For the first time since Plato and Aristotle, the metaphysical horizon opens up again in Kantian aesthetics. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the "Critique of the Power of Judgment" as the first work in the history of thought in which aesthetics appears as a system-forming element of the construction of metaphysics. Kant's aesthetics allows us to look at the current problems of the metaphysics of art again and in a new way; being a spiritual motivation for the transformation of human nature, it is something inextricably linked with the manifestation of the metaphysical in us. In domestic and foreign literature, only some approaches to this topic are outlined (V. F. Asmus, T. I. Oizerman, E. Kuenemann, etc.), the author's special contribution to the study of this topic is a holistic analysis of poorly formalized problems associated with the study of metaphysical structures of Kantian aesthetics, with the identification of relevant grounds for it. In both editions, we are talking about the metaphysical prolegomena of aesthetics as a kind of exegesis of the entire transcendental philosophy of Kant. At the same time, aesthetic reflection is embedded in metaphysics as a form of completion of the project of the entire culture of the human mind. The measurement of the aesthetic a priori leads to conclusions about ways to use means to achieve all the goals that befits humanity.
“Digital Humanities-2024” in Washington: Reinvention, Responsibility and Hybrid as a Lifestyle
Authors: Volodin Andrey Urievich
Published: October 2024

The article presents the observations of an online participant of the “Digital Humanities-2024” conference held in Washington, DC in the summer of 2024. The Digital Humanities Congress is held annually by the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations (ADHO). Digital Humanities are usually at the intersection of computer or digital technologies and the actual agenda of the humanities. The role and importance of historical studies in the interdisciplinary field of digital humanities is growing every year. The annual ADHO DH-conference is the central event of the international DH-community and brings together scholars from all over the world, providing them with an opportunity to exchange ideas and research results, as well as promoting future collaboration. The article pays special attention to the historical issues presented at the congress. Brief statistical observations are presented. In 2024 (as in the past year), a trend towards an increase in historical papers can be seen. There is a growing interest in historical sources, historical databases and geographic information systems, issues of virtual reconstruction of the past using a wide range of digital humanities research tools. The conference theme of 2024 is “Reinvention and Responsibility,” it highlights two interconnected imperatives for the digital humanities community. Reinvention is a call to act with creativity, compassion, and intentionality to better meet the needs of our communities, while responsibility asks us to address those inequities and injustices that the global pandemic has recast in increasingly sharp relief. Explaining the essence of the congress theme, the organizers noted that recent years have forced the community to reinvent ourselves as colleagues, collaborators, and educators in ways that have had both positive and negative impacts. The theme of reinvention and responsibility encourages to reflect on these experiences, acknowledge our responsibilities towards our DH-communities, and—with those reflections—take steps.
Frequency-dependent changes in the activity of blood enzymes under the action of modulated ultrasound.
Authors: Pashovkin Timofei Nikolaevich
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is frequency-dependent changes in the activity of blood enzymes of laboratory animals (rats) under the influence of modulated ultrasound of a therapeutic range of intensities. With equal-energy exposure to the enzyme systems under study, action spectra are shown for the following enzymes: creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, indicating the possibility of frequency control of the functional state of enzymes, activation and inhibition of enzyme activity at frequencies specific for each enzyme. The activity of all enzymes is controlled in two ways: a) by changing the frequency of the influencing signal and b) by changing the energy (or amplitude) of the influencing signal at the biologically active frequency. Obtaining detailed action spectra is a necessary condition for developing the theoretical basis for determining biologically active frequencies and mechanisms of frequency-dependent responses of specific biological systems to external influences of modulated waves. The main conclusions of the study are: The main approach to studying modulated waves is to obtain and use action spectra for various biological systems. Using exposure at an active frequency, it is possible, by changing the energy of the impacting ultrasound, to obtain multidirectional effects. Thus, both the modulation frequency and the impact energy can be factors in controlling the functional state of enzyme systems using modulated ultrasonic waves. The purpose of the article is to show the presence of frequency-dependent responses of various enzyme systems when exposed to modulated ultrasonic waves of a therapeutic range of intensities - performed using the example of five enzyme systems. The action spectra for these systems and the possibility of transforming these spectra when changing the ultrasound intensity are presented. The possibility of controlling the magnitude and sign of the responses of the studied enzyme systems, both the modulation frequency and the energy of ultrasonic influence, has been demonstrated.
Experiencias sensoriales y prácticas políticas en el Imperio español, siglos XV-XVIII
Authors: Salazar Baena Verónica , Palos Joan-Lluís
Published: October 2024

Objective/context: This introduction, mainly of a historiographical nature, has two objectives: first, to present the most relevant contributions of sensory history as an interpretative approach that conceives the senses as conditioned by social and cultural factors in a given time and space, and second, to relate sensory experiences with political practices in the Spanish Empire of the fifteenth-eighteenth centuries, contextualizing the contributions of this dossier in this line of research. Methodology: The study analyzes contributions that have allowed the definition of sensory history as a heuristic approach valid for a plurality of fields and topics, which enjoys enormous popularity in the research agenda. Originality: This dossier includes a valuable collection of essays specifically dedicated to the sensory experience in the Hispanic Empire between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries. It is the first thematic issue on this subject. Conclusions: The article places the studies included in this volume within a broader historiographical context while pointing out possible future avenues of research.
Lo sentido y lo narrado: el valor de la experiencia en la escritura de la Historia general y natural de las Indias de Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, 1535-1549
Authors: Cruz Medina Juan Pablo
Published: October 2024

Objective/Context: This article analyzes Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo’s Historia general y natural de las Indias to evaluate the relationship between “sensitive experience” and “historical writing” in the context of the 16th-century construction of the Indian Chronicle. Methodology: The study develops a discursive analysis focused on the chronicle, understanding it as a product inscribed in a place of production that determines it in narrative terms. Here, the theories on the writing of history and the “Historical Experience” developed by Michel de Certeau and Frank Ankersmit are closely followed, allowing us to establish the discursive value of the “experiential” in the Oviedo chronicle. Originality: This study presents an alternative vision concerning the historiography focused on the chronicles of conquest, which has seen a sign of nascent modern scientism in Fernández de Oviedo’s work. By analyzing the chronicle from the perspective of the rhetorical discourse, the article questions its value as a source of “truths” about the process of conquest and colonization of America. This allows us to rethink the textual element, understanding it no longer as a “transmitter of experiences” but as the product of a “narrative experience” that transforms what is observed into discursive matter. Conclusions: Taking into account the above, we propose that the Historia general y natural de las Indias does not reveal “sensitive experiences” based on purely empirical acts but, on the contrary, constitutes a significant discourse of such “experiences.” The chronicler’s political vision and conditions are imposed here to turn reality into a rhetorical matter, giving life to an imperial-style discourse that establishes a narrative image of the New World experience.
A metabolic modeling-based framework for predicting trophic dependencies in native rhizobiomes of crop plants
Authors: Ginatt Alon Avraham , Berihu Maria , Castel Einam , Medina Shlomit , Carmi Gon , Faigenboim-Doron Adi , Sharon Itai , Tal Ofir , Droby Samir , Somera Tracey , Mazzola Mark , Eizenberg Hanan , Freilich Shiri
Published: October 2024

The exchange of metabolites (i.e., metabolic interactions) between bacteria in the rhizosphere determines various plant-associated functions. Systematically understanding the metabolic interactions in the rhizosphere, as well as in other types of microbial communities, would open the door to the optimization of specific predefined functions of interest, and therefore to the harnessing of the functionality of various types of microbiomes. However, mechanistic knowledge regarding the gathering and interpretation of these interactions is limited. Here, we present a framework utilizing genomics and constraint-based modeling approaches, aiming to interpret the hierarchical trophic interactions in the soil environment. 243 genome scale metabolic models of bacteria associated with a specific disease-suppressive vs disease-conducive apple rhizospheres were drafted based on genome-resolved metagenomes, comprising an in silico native microbial community. Iteratively simulating microbial community members’ growth in a metabolomics-based apple root-like environment produced novel data on potential trophic successions, used to form a network of communal trophic dependencies. Network-based analyses have characterized interactions associated with beneficial vs non-beneficial microbiome functioning, pinpointing specific compounds and microbial species as potential disease supporting and suppressing agents. This framework provides a means for capturing trophic interactions and formulating a range of testable hypotheses regarding the metabolic capabilities of microbial communities within their natural environment. Essentially, it can be applied to different environments and biological landscapes, elucidating the conditions for the targeted manipulation of various microbiomes, and the execution of countless predefined functions.
A novel deep neural network structure for software fault prediction
Authors: Modanlou Jouybari Mehrasa , Tajary Alireza , Fateh Mansoor , Abolghasemi Vahid
Published: October 2024

Software fault prediction is crucial to compute the potential occurrence of faults within the software components, before code testing or execution. Machine learning, especially deep learning, has been applied to predict faults, but both encounter challenges such as insufficient accuracy, imbalanced data, overfitting, and complex structure. Moreover, deep learning yields superior predictions when working with large datasets. The most common fault dataset is NASA MDP from the PROMISE repository. The BugHunter dataset, however, offers a larger number of instances compare to other fault datasets, leaving a gap in the literature for exploring the application of machine learning and deep learning. In this study, we present a novel structure of deep neural network (DNN), which utilizes the convolutional layers to extract valuable knowledge from the BugHunter data projects. Our proposed model addresses class imbalance and overfitting issues while accurately predicting fault-prone methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of our predictive model, we conduct extensive empirical studies comparing it with seven traditional machine learning, three ensemble learning, and three state-of-the-art deep learning baseline models. Our findings revealed that the proposed DNN structure significantly improved the average F1-score in 15 projects of the BugHunter datasets by 20.01%, indicating that DNN is a practical approach for predicting faulty methods. Leveraging these results could lead to the preservation of software development resources and the production of more reliable software.
PermQRDroid: Android malware detection with novel attention layered mini-ResNet architecture over effective permission information image
Authors: Kılıç Kazım , Doğru İbrahim Alper , Toklu Sinan
Published: October 2024

Background

The Android operating system holds the vast majority of the market share in smart device usage worldwide. The Android operating system, which is of interest to users, is increasing its usage rate day by day due to its open source nature and free applications. Applications can be installed on the Android operating system from official application markets and unofficial third-party environments, which poses a great risk to users’ privacy and security.

Methods

In this study, an attention-layered mini-ResNet model is proposed, which can detect QR code-like images created using the 100 most effective defined permission information of Android applications. In the proposed method, permission information is obtained from four different datasets with different number of applications. QR code-like images of size 10x10x1 are created by selecting effective permissions using the chi-square technique. In the proposed classification architecture, residual layers are used to avoid ignoring the residual features of the images, and attention layers are used to focus on specific regions after each residual layer. The proposed architecture has a low number of parameters and memory consumption despite adding the residual layer and the weighting operations in the attention layer.

Results

Using the proposed method, accuracy values of 96.95%, 98.34%, 98.33% and 100% were achieved, respectively, on four datasets containing applications obtained from different sources such as Androzoo, Drebin, Genome and Google Play Store. On the Mix dataset, which is a combination of four datasets, an accuracy value of 96.7% was produced with the proposed method. When 10-fold cross validation was applied to reduce the suggested bias, accuracy values of 97.50%, 98.62%, 98%, 94% and 97.61% were obtained, respectively. The success and durability of the proposed method in different environments have been tested through experiments conducted on different datasets. The results show that the proposed method exhibits better classification performance compared to classical machine learning algorithms, deep learning-based studies using permission information, and similar image-based studies.
Comparative analysis of automatic gender detection from names: evaluating the stability and performance of ChatGPT versus Namsor, and Gender-API
Authors: Domínguez-Díaz Adrián , Goyanes Manuel , de-Marcos Luis , Prado-Sánchez Víctor Pablo
Published: October 2024

The gender classification from names is crucial for uncovering a myriad of gender-related research questions. Traditionally, this has been automatically computed by gender detection tools (GDTs), which now face new industry players in the form of conversational bots like ChatGPT. This paper statistically tests the stability and performance of ChatGPT 3.5 Turbo and ChatGPT 4o for gender detection. It also compares two of the most used GDTs (Namsor and Gender-API) with ChatGPT using a dataset of 5,779 records compiled from previous studies for the most challenging variant, which is the gender inference from full name without providing any additional information. Results statistically show that ChatGPT is very stable presenting low standard deviation and tight confidence intervals for the same input, while it presents small differences in performance when prompt changes. ChatGPT slightly outperforms the other tools with an overall accuracy over 96%, although the difference is around 3% with both GDTs. When the probability returned by GDTs is factored in, differences get narrower and comparable in terms of inter-coder reliability and error coded. ChatGPT stands out in the reduced number of non-classifications (0% in most tests), which in combination with the other metrics analyzed, results in a solid alternative for gender inference. This paper contributes to current literature on gender detection classification from names by testing the stability and performance of the most used state-of-the-art AI tool, suggesting that the generative language model of ChatGPT provides a robust alternative to traditional gender application programming interfaces (APIs), yet GDTs (especially Namsor) should be considered for research-oriented purposes.
Electronic cigarettes and their association with stress, depression, and anxiety among dental students in the UAE—a pilot cross sectional study
Authors: Tawba Waseem , El Qadiri Mohamed , Al-Adhami Mustafa , Almehmeed Nour , Al-Rawi Natheer H. , Awad Manal
Published: October 2024

Background

During dental school, students may encounter stressful events that contribute to stress, anxiety, and depression; in response to these factors, some students use vaping or electronic cigarettes.

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between electronic cigarettes use and stress, anxiety, and depression among dental students.

Methods

A cross-sectional study included 142 dental students in their preclinical, clinical, or internship year was conducted. The 142 participants were split evenly between two groups: smokers and nonsmokers. The average age of the study’s male and female participants was 21.6 years. Using the DASS 21 scale, participants were instructed to complete an electronic questionnaire assessing the association between electronic cigarettes use and stress, anxiety, and depression in smokers and nonsmokers.

Results

According to the findings of this study, stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with electronic cigarette use. Compared to non-smokers, electronic cigarette smokers reported higher levels of severe/extremely severe depression (OR: 10.34, 95% CI: [4.23–24.1]), anxiety (OR: 13.8, 95% CI: [5.4–30.1]) and stress (OR: 27.6, 95% CI: [8.9–85.8]). Compared to males, females were 2.5 times (95% CI: [1.02–6.1]) more likely to report severe/extremely severe anxiety (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a significant correlation between the use of electronic cigarettes and elevated levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among dental students in the UAE.
Development of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of common fungal pathogens in invasive mycoses
Authors: Ismadi Yasmin Khairani Muhammad , Mohamad Suharni , Harun Azian
Published: October 2024

Background

Fungi are common opportunistic pathogens that pose a significant threat to immunocompromised patients, particularly when late detection occurs.

Methods

In this study a multiplex real-time PCR has been developed for simultaneous detection of common fungal pathogens associated with invasive mycoses in a diagnostic setting.

Results

The specificity of the assay was rigorously tested on 40 types of organisms (n = 65), demonstrating 100% specificity. The limit of detection was determined to be 100 pg/μl (106 copies/μl), achievable within a rapid 3-h timeframe. The PCR assay efficiency exhibited a range between 89.77% and 104.30% for each target organism, with linearity falling between 0.9780 and 0.9983.

Conclusion

This multiplex real-time PCR assay holds promise for enhancing the timely and accurate diagnosis of invasive mycoses, particularly in immunocompromised patient populations.
Apropiación doméstica del espacio: Densificación en base a los atributos del espacio comunitario presente en las Poblaciones Matadero y Zenón Torrealba y la Villa Manuel de Sala
Authors:   , Garcés Nathalie
Published: October 2024

Frente a la creciente necesidad de abastecer de viviendas en la ciudad de Santiago, para una población que no ha hecho más que crecer en los últimos 15 años, numerosos agentes han estado construyendo vivienda en las zonas generalmente ubicadas en la periferia de la ciudad. Esta situación ha provocado múltiples externalidades negativas, provocando una marcada segregación socioespacial y desigualdad territorial. De esta manera, la ubicación toma cada vez más relevancia dentro de las consideraciones al momento de decidir dónde situar futuras viviendas en la ciudad, sin dejar de lado la calidad de estas y de su entorno.A modo de encargo por parte del taller de investigación, entendiendo la necesidad imperiosa de construir vivienda, se propone trabajar densificando el pericentro de Santiago, específicamente la zona del Zanjón de la Aguada. De esta manera, se escoge intervenir la macromanzana ubicada entre las calles Placer, Carmen, Pintor Cicarelli y Avenida Santa Rosa en la comuna de San Joaquín, ya que presenta atributos urbanos destacables, como son su accesibilidad y cercanía a servicios básicos y equipamientos públicos. Luego de una observación detallada del lugar a intervenir, se descubrió que en esta macromanzana conviven 3 tipos de modelos de ciudad: la ciudad higienista de comienzos del siglo XX, la ciudad moderna de mediados de siglo y la ciudad industrial característica de la zona. Si bien esta convivencia genera una serie de deficiencias urbanas, también produce otros fenómenos urbanos, como la conformación de espacios públicos, jardines comunitarios y apropiación controlada de terrenos. Aunque estas formas de adaptación al lugar por parte de los habitantes no fueron concebidas en los lineamientos originales de conformación de la ciudad, se considerarán como los principales atributos del lugar. De esta manera, la investigación se centrará en explicar por qué los modelos urbanos aplicados en esta macromanzana no se ajustaron a las necesidades de sus habitantes en la época en la que fueron construidas. Por lograr lo anteriormente mencionado se extraerán las estrategias propuestas por los mismos modelos, pero centradas en la promoción de la apropiación doméstica del espacio. De esta forma, considerando los atributos anteriormente mencionados, así como el encargo propuesto por el taller, se desarrollará una propuesta proyectual en una serie de conjuntos habitacionales de densidades considerablemente mayores a la existentes del lugar.
Tools and Techniques Used in Psychometric Evaluation of Quality of Life Tool: A Literature Review
Authors: Vageriya Vipin , Sharma Anil
Published: October 2024

The number of standardised tools is increasing day by day, and the demand for the development of novel and standardised tools is very high. One major reason for this demand is that either standardised tools are not available, or existing tools are not capable of measuring outcomes properly due to a lack of reliability and validity in specific settings. It has been noted that many researchers are not aware of the process of tool development, such as how to conduct a literature review, translate standardised tools, perform cross-cultural adaptations, create shortened versions of existing standardised tools, and construct new tools based on specific diseases. The objective of present review paper is to outline various techniques used in the development of tools and the psychometric testing of these tools. It explores the steps and processes needed to develop a valid, appropriate, and reliable tool that can be used by practitioners. It aimed to assist nurses and researchers in developing Quality of Life (QoL) tools based on their clinical settings and experiences. The common steps in the tool development process include in-depth interviews, item pool generation, and reliability checking. The tool must also include various forms of validity, such as face, concurrent, and content validity, for its development. Additionally, construct validity and factor analysis, including principal component analysis, are essential components of the process.
Degradation Pattern and Safety Evaluation of Azoxystrobin in Tomato Fruit
Authors: Kumar Yengkhom Bijen , Ali Mohd , Patra Sandip , Moirangthem Prabha , Singh N. Uttam , Devi M. Bilashini , Sharma Ph. Menaka , Sangma Rumki , Umakanta N. , Singh N. Raju , Singh H. Jiten , Chanu L. Joymati , Singh S. Gojendro , Singh H. Dayananda , Yumnam Anjoo
Published: October 2024

Tomato is one of the most important vegetables affected by various diseases. Owing to its effectiveness and safe in use, azoxystrobin is used in controlling major fungal diseases in tomato. An ethyl acetate method was validated for determining azoxystrobin in tomato using LC-MS/MS. The average recoveries ranged from 79.56% (±3.28) and 89.28% (±4.71) %. The dissipation and residue of azoxystrobin in tomato at good agricultural practice conditions were investigated. The dissipation results indicated that the half-life of azoxystrobin in tomato fitted in 1st+1st order was 1.818 and 2.32 at recommended dose double recommended dose respectively. The dissipation rates of azoxystrobin in tomato were almost the same at both doses. Terminal residues in tomato (0.004 mg kg-1) were all below the maximum residue limit (3 mg kg-1 by European Union). The results demonstrated the safety of using azoxystrobin at the recommended dosage to protect tomato from diseases. Moreover, the postharvest intervals estimated will be useful for farmers to ensure their field applications in a judicious manner and, in turn minimizing the residue loads within Maximum residue limit compliance, at harvest.