bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Mentorship in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Global Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of Data from a Crowdsourcing Open Call and Scoping Review
Authors: Kpokiri Eneyi E. , McDonald Kamryn , Gebreyohannes Joseph A. , Osorio Lyda , Nath Tilak Chandra , Talavera-Urdanivia Victor A. , Akinwale Pheabian O. , Manabe Yuka C. , Castelnuovu Barbara , Tang Weiming , Yilma Daniel , Mihut Michael , Ezechi Oliver , Iwelunmor Juliet , Kaba Mirgissa , Abdissa Alemseged , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Research mentorship is critical for advancing science, but there are few practical strategies for cultivating research mentorship in resource-limited settings. WHO/TDR Global commissioned a group to develop a practical guide on research mentorship. This global qualitative evidence synthesis included data from a crowdsourcing open call and scoping review to identify strategies to enhance research mentorship in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions.

Methods

The crowdsourcing open call used methods recommended by WHO/TDR and solicited descriptions of strategies to enhance research mentorship in LMICs. The scoping review used the Cochrane Handbook and pre-defined the approach in a protocol. We extracted studies focused on enhancing research mentorship in LMICs. Textual data describing research mentorship strategies from the open call and studies from the scoping review were coded into themes. The quality of evidence supporting themes was assessed using the CERQUAL approach.

Results

The open call solicited 123 practical strategies and the scoping review identified 73 studies. We identified three broad trends related to engaging institutions across the life cycle of research mentorship, leveraging existing resources for research and training to expand research mentorship, and strengthening monitoring and evaluation of research mentorship programs. We identified the following strategies to enhance research mentorship: recognizing mentorship as an institutional responsibility that should be provided and expected from all team members (8 strategies, 15 studies; moderate confidence); leveraging existing research and training resources to enhance research mentorship (15 strategies, 49 studies; moderate confidence); digital tools to match mentors and mentees and sustain mentorship relations over time (14 strategies, 11 studies; low confidence); nurturing a culture of generosity so that people who receive mentorship then become mentors to others (7 strategies, 7 studies; low confidence); peer mentorship defined as informal and formal support from one researcher to another who is at a similar career stage (16 strategies, 12 studies; low confidence).

Interpretation

Research mentorship can be strengthened in resource-limited institutions. The evidence from this open call and scoping review informed a WHO/TDR practical guide. More research mentorship programs are needed in LMIC institutions.
A numerical study of the Burgers’ and Fisher’s equations using barycentric interpolation method
Authors: Mittal R.C. , Rohila Rajni
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the method is to develop a numerical method for the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations.

Design/methodology/approach

A new numerical approach based on Barycentric Rational interpolation has been used to solve partial differential equations.

Findings

A numerical technique based on barycentric rational interpolation has been developed to investigate numerical simulation of the Burgers’ and Fisher’s equations. Barycentric interpolation is basically a variant of well-known Lagrange polynomial interpolation which is very fast and stable. Using semi-discretization for unknown variable and its derivatives in spatial direction by barycentric rational interpolation, we get a system of ordinary differential equations. This system of ordinary differential equation’s has been solved by applying SSP-RK43 method. To check the efficiency of the method, computed numerical results have been compared with those obtained by existing methods. Barycentric method is able to capture solution behavior at small values of kinematic viscosity for Burgers’ equation.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the method is developed for the first time and validity is checked by stability and error analysis.
The perils of hospitality internship: a growth curve approach to job motivation change
Authors: Xu Shi , (CJ) Lin Zhiwei , He Mang , Wong IpKin Anthony
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Why would a hospitality or tourism enterprise’s talent program backfire to demotivate interns from engaging in their jobs? This study aim to synthesize theoretical strands from the self-determination theory, person–environment fit theory and conservation of resources theory to investigate the predictors of perceived person–job fit and how such a fit causes changes in interns’ job motivation over time.

Design/methodology/approach

A four-wave longitudinal study was conducted. The four waves of data obtained from over 251 interns in China were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that abusive co-worker treatment moderated the impact of perceived negative social status and perceived overqualification on perceived person–job fit. Moreover, perceived person–job fit is a significant predictor of the initial level of job motivation and flattens the decrease in job motivation over time. These findings demonstrate that interns’ job motivation generally decreased over time, and perceived person–job fit may help dampen the change trajectory of job motivation.

Practical implications

This study contributes to the practice of education and organizations in hospitality and tourism management by advocating for better interventions to improve interns’ work experience and motivations. Also, organizations can create team-building opportunities and promote teamwork that contributes to the formation of cohesive relationships and improve personal bonding.

Originality/value

This longitudinal inquiry conducted in China underscores the perils of hospitality/tourism internship by synthesizing a framework based on the theoretical strands germane to person–environment fit, resource conservation and self-determination. It uncovers the dark side of internship – not only due to mismanaged internship experience, but also because it could backfire to create a demotivational spiral that may ultimately drive potential talents away from hospitality/tourism organizations and industry.
Mind the gap: theories in Islamic accounting and finance, Islamic economics and business management studies
Authors: Mukhlisin Murniati , Ismail Nurizal , Jamilah Fikri Reza
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to analyse whether theories and views of classical Islamic scholars are widely adopted as references in Islamic accounting and finance (IAF), Islamic economics (IE) and Islamic business management (IBM) research studies as part of their contribution to solving current economic and financial problems.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopts a qualitative meta-analysis methodology using NVivo 12 with selected data from 474 international journal articles published between 1981 and 2021. The study considers 172 IAF articles, 111 IE articles and 191 IBM articles.

Findings

The results of the study show that the use of theories and views of classical Islamic scholars is not widespread among the examined research papers. The findings show that 90% of researchers tend to acquire modern economics, management, psychological and sociological theories instead of classical theories. Both modern and classical theories have been discussed in the studied articles namely agency theory, stakeholders' theory, ḥisbah (accountability), maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law) and waʿd (unilateral promise). The gaps prevail not only in the taxonomy of terms but also in the choice of paradigm references. It is found that 66% of the 474 journal articles adopt a positivist paradigm, followed by interpretivism (19%), post-structuralism (9%) and critical orientation (6%).

Research limitations/implications

This paper considers only ABS ranking journal articles. Future research may consider other journal articles from different ranking groups such as Scopus or Thomson & Reuters.

Practical implications

The paper sheds light on how Islamic educational institutions can develop strategies for the Integration of Knowledge (IOK) in their curriculum.

Social implications

This paper helps to shape the Muslims' way of thinking within an Islamic worldview which will lead to an Islamic way of expressing knowledge, skill and behaviour.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the model of IOK that has been deliberated among Islamic universities, especially those that develop IAF, IE and IBM studies.
An evaluation model for task complexity in production lines
Authors: Le Song Thanh Quynh , Huynh Van Nam
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Task complexity is one of the significant factors that influences and is used for forecasting employee performance and determining labor cost. However, the complexity level of tasks is unstructured, dynamic and complicated to perform. This paper develops a new method for evaluating the complexity level of tasks in the production process to support production managers to control their manufacturing systems in terms of flexibility, reliability to production planning and labor cost.

Design/methodology/approach

The complexity level of tasks will be analyzed based on the structuralist concept. Using the structure of task, the factors that significantly affect the task complexity in an assembly line will be defined, and the complexity level of the task will be evaluated by measuring the number of task components. Using the proportional 2-tuples linguistic values, the difference between the complexity levels of tasks can be compared and described clearly.

Findings

Based on the structure of the task, three contributory factors including input factors, process-operation factors and output factors that significantly affect the task complexity in an assembly line are identified in the present study. The complexity level of the task is quantified through analyzing the details of the three factors according to two criteria and six sub-criteria within the textile case study.

Originality/value

The proposed approach provides a new insight about the factors that have an effect on the complexity of tasks in production and remedies some of limitations of previous methods. The combination of experts' experience and scientific knowledge will improve the accuracy in determining the complexity level of tasks.
Gendered predictors of the impact of COVID-19 on cross-border fish trade in Zambia and Malawi
Authors: Mwema Catherine Mawia , Mudege Netsayi Noris , Kakwasha Keagan
Published: September 2022

Purpose

While the literature has highlighted the impacts of COVID-19, there is limited evidence on the gendered determinants of the impact of COVID-19 among small-scale rural traders in developing and emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

Cross-border fish traders who had operated before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed in a survey conducted in Zambia and Malawi. Logistic regressions among male and female traders were employed to assess the gendered predictors.

Findings

Heterogeneous effects in geographical location, skills, and knowledge were reported among male cross-border traders. Effects of household structure and composition significantly influenced the impact of COVID-19 among female traders. Surprisingly, membership in trade associations was associated with the high impact of COVID-19.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the migratory nature of cross-border fish traders, the population of cross-border fish traders at the time of the study was unknown and difficult to establish, cross-border fish traders (CBFT) at the landing sites and market areas were targeted for the survey without bias.

Originality/value

This paper addresses a gap in the literature on understanding gendered predictors of the impacts of COVID-19 among small-scale cross-border traders.
A closer look at farmers’ participation in the supermarket supply chain using bibliometric and content analyses
Authors: Saini Mayank , Chandna Garima , Ubba Savita
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The objective of the study is to systematically review the existing research in the topical domain of farmers’ direct link with supermarkets. The authors present a state-of-the-art structure of the field and provide directions for future research in the domain. The major aim of this study is to synthesize the research field and answer some specific questions, like what do we know about this field and where should we be heading.

Design/methodology/approach

A pool of 275 articles published from 2002 to 2022 were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed using the R-based Biblioshiny and visualized using VOSviewer. The research design is a mix of quantitative bibliometric technique and qualitative content analysis. Bibliometric method ensures the objectivity while content analysis ensures the scholarly evaluation.

Findings

Major findings include production trend, dominant keywords, leading publication outlets and country-wise analysis of the selected articles. The authors found that sub-domains like economic aspects, participation hurdles and the rise of supermarkets are the most researched topics while operational issues, their pragmatic solutions, sustainability and innovation are the emerging sub-fields that need more academic attention.

Research limitations/implications

The major limitation is the use of single data source, i.e. Scopus, and it is quite possible that useful studies that are not covered by Scopus remain excluded.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first attempts to systematically review the previous research on the selected topic. It will help researchers to understand the present status, identify future research directions, and pursue more reasonable and relevant topics of research.
Impact of cross-docking on the bullwhip effect
Authors: Benrqya Yassine , Jabbouri Imad
Published: September 2022

Purpose

An important phenomenon often observed in supply chain, known as the bullwhip effect, implies that demand variability increases as we move up in the supply chain. On the other hand, the cross-docking is a distribution strategy that eliminates the inventory holding function of the retailer distribution center, where this latter functions as a transfer point rather than a storage point. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of cross-docking strategy compared to traditional warehousing on the bullwhip effect.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors quantify this effect in a three-echelon supply chain consisting of stores, retailer and supplier. They assume that each participant adopts an order up to level policy with an exponential smoothing forecasting scheme. This paper demonstrates mathematically the lower bound of the bullwhip effect reduction in the cross-docking strategy compared to traditional warehousing.

Findings

By simulation, this paper demonstrates that cross-docking reduces the bullwhip effect upstream the chain. This reduction depends on the lead-times, the review periods and the smoothing factor.

Research limitations/implications

A mathematical demonstration cannot be highly generalizable, and this paper should be extended to an empirical investigation where real data can be incorporated in the model. However, the findings of this paper form a foundation for further understanding of the cross-docking strategy and its impact on the bullwhip effect.

Originality/value

This paper fills a gap by proposing a mathematical demonstration and a simulation, to investigate the benefits of implementing cross-docking strategy on the bullwhip effect. This impact has not been studied in the literature.
Effects of self-efficacy and learning environment on Hong Kong undergraduate students’ academic performance in online learning
Authors: Kuan Francis C.Y. , Lee Stephanie Wing
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to illustrate the importance of the quality of Online Learning Physical Environment (OLPE) and Online Learning Self-efficacy (OLSE) in predicting academic performance in online learning, which was the primary mode of teaching during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Policy recommendations were made based on the findings from a psychological perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Responses from 104 Hong Kong undergraduate students were collected through a questionnaire survey. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression, simple linear regression, and Pearson correlation.

Findings

Despite the fact that OLSE showed no significant direct effect on academic performance in online learning, OLSE was positively correlated with and predictive of OLPE, while OLPE was positively correlated with and predictive of online learning performance. The findings indicated that undergraduate students from low-income families tended to have less superior academic performance, which was associated with poorer OLPE and OLSE.

Originality/value

The findings suggested that in order to alleviate learning inequality in online learning, policy makers may allocate funding to enhance OLPE and OLSE of undergraduate students from low-income families.
Multiple Versions, Multiple Markets, Multiple Meanings: Worldwide Trade in British Autograph Replicas
Authors: Codell Julie
Published: September 2022

In this essay I explore relationships between Victorian artists' prolific production of autograph replicas and the wide global demand for these replicas. Autograph replicas, defined by Victorian artists as variations on a subject through changes in size, medium or image from a first version, were largely commissioned by patrons. This market was later driven by foreign collectors who avidly sought autograph replicas, believed to be original works, not copies, to raise their own nations' cultural image in the world. The functions and demands for autograph replicas have unique historical and cultural contexts, including conflicts between artists and patrons. I describe artists' surreptitious studio practices producing these works and the unique effect autograph replicas had on collecting and on art history in the context of this special issue's rethinking of British art and the global. Autograph replicas challenged boundaries between original and copy and disrupted art‐historical notions of chronology, originality, canonicity, and market intervention.
Transmission and Transfer: Plantation Imagery and Medical Management in the British Empire
Authors: Arabindan‐Kesson Anna
Published: September 2022

This essay centralizes representations of the Caribbean plantation in British art, and examines their importance to the development of landscape representation and the history of medicine. The plantation came into view through the overlapping conventions of the picturesque genre and colonial medicine. Tracing their relationship to, and distancing from, the development of British art ‘at home’, I address how these visual economies – connecting art and medicine – can challenge our conception of the ‘global’ nature of British art. This essay also considers what these terms – global/colonial/British – mean as we grapple with the legacy of these imperial histories by examining the work of contemporary artists Ingrid Pollard and Annalee Davis who conceive of, and visualize, alternative histories of relation.
Determination of the geographic origin of 52 honey samples based on the assessment of anionic content profiling with a new algorithm using monolithic column‐based micellar nano‐liquid chromatography
Authors: Aslan Hakiye , Günyel Zeynep , Sarıkaya Turan , Golgiyaz Sedat , Aydoğan Cemil
Published: September 2022

In the present study, a new micellar nano LC‐UV was, for the first time, reported for the separation and determination of five anions (chloride, nitrite, bromide, sulfate and nitrate) in 52 honey samples. Based on this approach, a graphene oxide‐based monolithic column was prepared and applied for the samples. Various amounts of hexadecyltrimethyl‐ammonium bromide (HTAB) in the mobile phase were used in order to optimize the separation conditions. The baseline separation was achieved using mobile phase with 25/75% (v/v) ACN/10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 3.4, while the amount of HTAB was optimized as 0.22 mM in the mobile phase. The whole method was validated and it leads to high sensitivity. The LOD values were found in the range of 0.02–0.22 µg/kg, while LOQ values were found in the range of 0.06–0.18 µg/kg. The method allowed to achieve sensitivity analyses of anionic content in 52 honey samples. All data were evaluated using a new algorithm for geographic origin discrimination. K‐nearest neighbor algorithm (K‐NN), cubic support vector classifier (K‐DVS), and K‐Mean cluster analysis were used for geographic origin discrimination of honeys. The accuracy of the whole model was calculated as 94.4% with the K‐DVS method. The samples from five provinces were classified 100% correctly, while two of them were classified with one misclassification, with an accuracy of 89.9% and 83.3%, respectively.

Practical Application

The new platforms and advanced technologies are crucial for advanced food analysis. In this article, a novel methodology was attempted for the determination of geographic origin of 52 honey samples. In this sense, micellar nano LC technique with a homemade monolithic nano‐column was, for the first time, applied for the anion analysis using a new algorithm.
Transiting to green growth in fossil export‐dependent economies: A pathway for Africa
Authors: Oramah Benedict
Published: September 2022

Divestment from fossil fuels has been at the heart of global climate discourse. For developing countries that have traditionally been less emitters and at the receiving end of the severest economic impact of climate change, a sweeping divestment could lead to serious socio‐economic and political consequences. African countries must collectively adapt energy transition to local context and pursue a pragmatic approach that ensures a gradual transition from fossil fuels to a green economy. The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) presents a unique platform for Africa to achieve net‐zero emissions by continued investments in fossil fuels while drastically cutting emissions arising from current externalised supply chains because AfCFTA will promote cleaner regional supply chains. Africa's fossil fuel‐dependent economies must redirect current fossil revenues into creating non‐fossil‐based industries while making a gradual‐but‐steady shift from fossil fuel as the source of fiscal revenues. African Export–Import Bank (Afreximbank) is partnering with the African Petroleum Producers Organisation (APPO) to establish an institutional structure, the African Energy Transition Bank that will support African fossil fuel‐dependent economies to achieve a smooth and orderly transition to green economies.
Temporal trends in alcohol, cannabis, and simultaneous use among 12th‐grade U.S. adolescents from 2000 to 2020: Differences by sex, parental education, and race and ethnicity
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Kaur Navdep , Kreski Noah T. , Chen Qixuan , Martins Silvia S. , Hasin Deborah , Olfson Mark , Mauro Pia M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis to enhance each other's effect can cause potential harm. Time trends are diverging in adolescent use of alcohol, which is declining, and cannabis, which is increasing among certain subgroups. However, little is known about trends in their simultaneous and non‐simultaneous use. Racial and socioeconomic disparities are emerging in cannabis use, which may portend consequences to public health.

Methods

The 2000 to 2020 Monitoring the Future surveys included approximately 38,000 U.S. 12th‐grade students with information on simultaneous use and pertinent demographic factors. A 5‐level alcohol/cannabis measure included past‐year simultaneous use (i.e., alcohol and cannabis use at the same time), non‐simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use, alcohol‐use‐only, cannabis‐use‐only, and no use. Multinomial logistic regressions estimated associations (adjusted relative risk ratios; aRRR) with time period (2000 to 2004, 2005 to 2009, 2010 to 2014, 2015 to 2020). Models were adjusted and included interactions with sex, race/ethnicity, and parental education.

Results

Between 2000 and 2020, simultaneous alcohol/cannabis use among 12th graders decreased from 24.4% to 18.7%. From 2015 to 2020 compared to 2000 to 2004, the odds of simultaneous use (adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) vs. no use = 0.57, 95% CI [0.50, 0.66]) and alcohol‐use‐only (aRRR = 0.55, 95% CI [0.49, 0.61]) decreased, while cannabis‐use‐only odds increased (aRRR = 2.59, 95% CI [1.87, 3.59]). Notably, the prevalence of cannabis‐use‐only more than doubled from 2011 to 2019. The odds of simultaneous use, alcohol‐use‐only, and non‐simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis declined more rapidly among males than females, whereas the odds for cannabis‐use‐only increased faster for females than males. Increases in cannabis‐use‐only were faster for non‐white adolescents.

Conclusion

Simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis is declining among U.S. adolescents, but the decline is slower among females than males. Declines in simultaneous use are largely concomitant with historical declines in alcohol use, indicating that a continued focus on reducing alcohol use among adolescents and young adults has extended benefits to other adolescent substance use. However, cannabis use without any reported past‐year alcohol use more than doubled in the last decade, a concerning trend.
2‐Arachidonoylglycerol‐mediated endocannabinoid signaling modulates mechanical hypersensitivity associated with alcohol withdrawal in mice
Authors: Morgan Amanda , Adank Danielle , Johnson Keenan , Butler Emily , Patel Sachin
Published: September 2022

Background

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly occurs in patients with chronic pain, and a major barrier to achieving abstinence and preventing relapse is the emergence of hyperalgesia during alcohol withdrawal. Elucidating novel therapeutic approaches to target hyperalgesia associated with alcohol withdrawal could have important implications for treating AUD. Here, we examined the role of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG)‐mediated endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling in the regulation of hyperalgesia associated with alcohol withdrawal in mice. We tested the hypothesis that pharmacological augmentation of 2‐AG signaling could reduce hyperalgesia during withdrawal.

Methods

Male and female C57BL/6J mice were tested during withdrawal from a continuous access two‐bottle choice (2BC) paradigm to investigate how eCB signaling modulates mechanical and thermal sensitivity during withdrawal. Mice were pretreated with the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor JZL184 to elevate levels of 2‐AG. Rimonabant or AM630 were given to block CB1 and CB2 receptor activity, respectively. DO34 was given to reduce 2‐AG by inhibiting the 2‐AG synthetic enzyme diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL).

Results

After 72 h of withdrawal, male and female mice exhibited increased mechanical, but not thermal, hypersensitivity, which normalized by 7 days. This effect was reversed by pretreatment with JZL184. The effects of JZL184 were prevented by coadministration of either the CB1 or the CB2 antagonist. DO34, Rimonabant, and AM630 exacerbated mechanical hypersensitivity during alcohol withdrawal, causing an earlier onset and persistent hypersensitivity even 1 week into withdrawal.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate the critical role of 2‐AG signaling in the bidirectional regulation of mechanical sensitivity during alcohol withdrawal, with enhancement of 2‐AG levels reducing sensitivity, and inhibition of 2‐AG signaling exacerbating sensitivity. These data suggest that 2‐AG augmentation represents a novel approach to the treatment of alcohol withdrawal‐associated hyperalgesia and AUD in patients with comorbid pain disorders.
The impact of maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and first trimester infection on feto‐maternal immune responses
Authors: Juttukonda Lillian J. , Wachman Elisha M. , Boateng Jeffery , Clarke Katherine , Snyder‐Cappione Jennifer , Taglauer Elizabeth S.
Published: September 2022

Problem

COVID‐19 infection during pregnancy increases maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Infection in the second or third trimester leads to changes in the decidual leukocyte populations. However, it is not known whether COVID‐19 infection in the first trimester or COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy alters the decidual immune environment.

Method of study

We examined decidual biopsies obtained at delivery from women who had COVID‐19 in the first trimester (n = 8), were fully vaccinated against COVID‐19 during pregnancy (n = 17), or were neither infected nor vaccinated during pregnancy (n = 9). Decidual macrophages, NK cells, and T cells were quantified by immunofluorescence. Decidual IL‐6, IL‐10, and IP‐10 were quantified by ELISA.

Results

There were no differences in decidual macrophages, NK cells, T cells, or cytokines between the first trimester COVID‐19 group and the control group. The vaccinated cohort had lower levels of macrophages and NK cells compared to the control group. There were no differences in cytokines between the vaccinated and control groups.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 infection in the first trimester did not cause significant decidual leukocyte or cytokine changes at the maternal‐fetal interface. Additionally, vaccination was not associated with decidual inflammation, supporting the safety of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination during pregnancy.
Neuroscience and a Countertransference Impasse in a Neurotypical‐Neurodiverse Analytic Couples Therapy
Authors: Israelstam Ken
Published: September 2022

The author describes how his experiencing of the husband in a neurodiverse‐neurotypical couples therapy as narcissistic, led to a countertransference impasse. Using clinical material, he describes how his understanding of neuroscience helped him to view his patient as suffering from high functioning Asperger syndrome, and how this understanding helped in the resolution of the impasse. It is hoped that this clinical situation will emphasize the value of having a greater integration between our psychoanalytic and neurological understandings.
Radiocarbon estimates of age and growth for a dominant Amazon palm species
Authors: Magnabosco Marra Daniel , Lima Adriano J. N. , dos Santos Bruna de Oliveira , Higuchi Niro , Trumbore Susan
Published: September 2022

We used destructive sampling to assess 14C‐calibrated age and growth of five individuals of Oenocarpus bataua from 7.35 to 21.6 m of total height. The largest individual was 59‐year‐old. Age decreased from the collar to the top of the aboveground stem and was positively correlated with number of leaf‐scars and height.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
How does family homelessness impact on children's development? A critical review of the literature
Authors: Murran Sarah , Brady Eavan
Published: September 2022

Family homelessness is a key social issue across many European countries and is associated with uncertainty, a lack of safety and increased risks for children which can trigger the involvement of child welfare services. Living in homeless accommodation during the early years of a child's life also has the potential to impact on a child in many ways, for example, academically, physically, emotionally and socially. In the current paper, the authors review existing literature regarding the impact of family homelessness on children's development in order to identify key messages for social work practitioners working with children and families experiencing homelessness, for example, in the field of child protection and welfare. Findings reveal that family homelessness impacts on various aspects of a child's world and ultimately on their development, as a result of reduced social networks, inappropriate space to facilitate play, increased school mobility and school‐dropout rates and increased levels of behavioural challenges and mental health concerns. These findings are discussed with relevance to social work practice when working with children and families who experience homelessness and how social work professionals can address the developmental needs of children who experience homelessness. Implications regarding future research and the education and training of social workers are also explored.
Local dose (biologically effective dose ≥180 Gy2) is an important predictor of biochemical recurrence in patients undergoing low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy
Authors: Tanaka Nobumichi , Nakai Yasushi , Asakawa Isao , Yamaki Kaori , Miyake Makito , Hori Shunta , Owari Takuya , Fujii Tomomi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To evaluate prognostic factors of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in each risk group of prostate cancer patients who underwent low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (LDR‐BT).

Methods

A total of 944 patients with clinically confirmed prostate cancer (cT1c‐3aN0M0) who had underwent LDR‐BT were enrolled. The low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups included 278, 498, and 168 patients, respectively. The median age, PSA value at diagnosis, and the follow‐up period were 70 years (range: 48–84), 7.2 ng/ml (range: 1.2–113), and 91 months (range: 2–192), respectively. We evaluated the BCR‐free rate, BCR‐free survival, clinical recurrence‐free rate, overall survival (OS), and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). We conducted multivariate analysis to elucidate prognostic factors of BCR for all patients and for each risk group.

Results

The 5‐ and 10‐year OS rates were 96.0% and 89.5% and the 5‐ and 10‐year CSS rates were 99.8% and 99.1%, respectively, while the 5‐ and 10‐year BCR‐free rates were 96.6% and 92.5% in low‐risk patients, 95.7% and 90.7% in intermediate‐risk patients and 93.8% and 89.0% in high‐risk patients, respectively. There were no significant differences between the risk groups. Age‐adjusted multivariate analysis indicated biologically effective dose (BED) <180 Gy2 as an independent prognostic factor of BCR in all patients (p = 0.005). There were no independent factors in the low‐ and high‐risk groups, but neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (p = 0.022) and BED <180Gy2 (p = 0.042) were independent prognostic factors in the intermediate‐risk group.

Conclusions

LDR‐BT can achieve a higher recurrence‐free survival with an adequate local radiation dose (BED ≥ 180 Gy2).
Percutaneous aspiration and removal of infected leadless pacemaker vegetation
Authors: Adamek Kylie E. , Haque Nowrin , Martinez‐Parachini Jose R. , Ayoub Karam , Richardson Travis D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Leadless pacemakers represent an increasingly utilized alternative to traditional pacing methods in those with prior bacteremia or at high risk for infection. The acknowledged resistance to infection is illustrated by the exceedingly rare documentation of it.

Methods

We present a case of methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis with associated leadless pacemaker infection necessitating percutaneous aspiration of the device‐associated vegetation followed by extraction of the leadless pacemaker.

Results

Large vegetation associated with a leadless pacemaker was percutaneously aspirated with a vacuum‐assisted aspiration device, followed by successful extraction of the leadless pacemaker.

Conclusion

While leadless pacemakers are seldom involved in infective endocarditis, ultrasound evaluation in high‐risk patients with an undetermined source is reasonable. Before extraction, it is practical to consider aspiration of large associated vegetations with a vacuum‐assisted device.
Maxillary overdentures supported by four or six implants in the anterior region: 10‐year randomized controlled trial results
Authors: Slot Wim , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Cune Marco S. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A.
Published: September 2022

Aim

To evaluate bar‐supported maxillary implant overdenture treatment when supported by either four or six implants after 10 years.

Materials and Methods

Edentulous subjects with maxillary denture complaints and ample bone volume to facilitate implants in the anterior region of the maxilla were planned for implant overdenture treatment, randomized to receive either four implants (n = 25) or six implants (n = 25) and subsequently evaluated after 10 years of function. Outcome variables included peri‐implant bone‐level changes, implant and overdenture survival, complications, presence of plaque, calculus and bleeding, degree of peri‐implant inflammation, probing depth and patient satisfaction. Differences between the groups and between evaluation periods were tested with a Student's t‐test.

Results

Fourteen patients with totally 72 implants were lost to follow‐up. Two patients from the six‐implant group experienced implant loss (four implants), resulting in 96.1% implant survival in this group versus 100% survival in the four‐implant group. Clinical, radiographical and patient‐reported outcome measures did not differ statistically significant between the two groups. Patients from both groups were generally quite satisfied with the result after 10 years.

Conclusions

Similar and favourable outcomes are seen in bar‐supported maxillary overdentures on either four or six anteriorly placed implants after a 10‐year evaluation period.
Association of the number of natural teeth with dietary diversity and nutritional status in older adults: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Shen Jie , Qian Shujiao , Huang Liyan , Tao Yang , Chen Hui , Deng Ke , Yang Fei , Zong Geng , Zheng Yan , Wang Xiaofeng , Tonetti Maurizio , Yuan Changzheng
Published: September 2022

Aim

To investigate the association of the number of natural teeth with overall dietary diversity and nutritional status in a nationally representative study among older adults in China.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted among community‐dwelling adults aged 65 years or older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. According to the self‐reported number of natural teeth, participants were categorized into ≥20, 10–19, 1–9 natural teeth, and edentulous. Dietary diversity score (DDS) was constructed based on intake frequencies of 10 food groups assessed by a simplified food frequency questionnaire. The geriatric nutritional risk index was used to measure the malnutrition status (i.e., normal, mild malnutrition, and moderate‐to‐severe malnutrition) among a subgroup of participants. Linear and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the corresponding associations.

Results

Among 54,796 study participants, the mean (SD) age was 87.86 (11.45) years, 82.7% had poor dentition (<20 natural teeth), and 27.3% wore dentures. After multivariable adjustment, participants with poor dentition had lower DDSs (βedentulous = −0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.48, −0.30; β1‐9 teeth = −0.46, 95% CI, −0.55, −0.37; β10‐19 teeth = −0.36, 95% CI, −0.46, −0.26) than those with 20 natural teeth or more. For individual food items, edentulous, 1–9 and 10–19 natural teeth were associated with lower odds of regular intake of fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, meat, fish and aquatic products, eggs, legumes, preserved vegetables, tea, and garlic, but higher odds of regular intake of sugar and sweets. Among participants with poor dentition, individuals without dentures had lower intake frequencies of most food groups than those wearing dentures. In addition, poor dentition was related to lower odds of normal nutritional status (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% CI, 0.27, 0.89).

Conclusions

Older adults with poor dentition had significantly lower dietary diversity and worse nutritional status. Future studies are warranted to identify effective interventions to improve the dietary quality and nutrition status among partially and fully edentulous individuals, including those with Stage IV periodontitis.
Annual Research Review: Developmental pathways linking early behavioral inhibition to later anxiety
Authors: Fox Nathan A. , Zeytinoglu Selin , Valadez Emilio A. , Buzzell George A. , Morales Santiago , Henderson Heather A.
Published: September 2022

Behavioral Inhibition is a temperament identified in the first years of life that enhances the risk for development of anxiety during late childhood and adolescence. Amongst children characterized with this temperament, only around 40 percent go on to develop anxiety disorders, meaning that more than half of these children do not. Over the past 20 years, research has documented within‐child and socio‐contextual factors that support differing developmental pathways. This review provides a historical perspective on the research documenting the origins of this temperament, its biological correlates, and the factors that enhance or mitigate risk for development of anxiety. We review as well, research findings from two longitudinal cohorts that have identified moderators of behavioral inhibition in understanding pathways to anxiety. Research on these moderators has led us to develop the Detection and Dual Control (DDC) framework to understand differing developmental trajectories among behaviorally inhibited children. In this review, we use this framework to explain why and how specific cognitive and socio‐contextual factors influence differential pathways to anxiety versus resilience.
Time trends (2012–2020) in glycated hemoglobin and adherence to the glycemic targets recommended for elderly patients by the Japan Diabetes Society/Japan Geriatrics Society Joint Committee among memory clinic patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sugimoto Taiki , Noma Hisashi , Kuroda Yujiro , Matsumoto Nanae , Uchida Kazuaki , Kishino Yoshinobu , Saji Naoki , Niida Shumpei , Sakurai Takashi
Published: September 2022

Aims/Introduction

To investigate the changes in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and the relative status of the glycemic control related to the new glycemic targets recommended by the Japan Diabetes Society/Japan Geriatrics Society Joint Committee in 2016 in patients with diabetes mellitus visiting a memory clinic from 2012 to 2020.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 1,436 patients aged ≥65 years with diabetes. Patients were categorized into three categories as follows: category I, intact cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL); category II, mild cognitive deficits or impaired instrumental ADL; and category III, moderate to severe cognitive impairment or impaired basic ADL. Trends in HbA1c levels, glycemic control status (optimally/poorly/excessively controlled) and proportion of individuals receiving drugs potentially associated with severe hypoglycemia among all patients and categories (I, II or III) from 2012 to 2020 were examined using linear, logistic and multinominal logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors.

Results

Between 2012 and 2020, the HbA1c levels, as well as the proportion of patients with poor glycemic control, increased, whereas the proportion of patients with excessive glycemic control and those receiving drugs potentially associated with severe hypoglycemia decreased.

Conclusions

Increased levels of HbA1c and decreased proportions of individuals under excessive glycemic control might reflect recent treatment strategies that avoid hypoglycemia in older patients. Given the adverse complications associated with hyperglycemia, more flexible and individualized glycemic targets based on comprehensive assessments, including vascular complications and comorbidities, might be necessary.
Endovascular thrombectomy and intravenous alteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion: A clinical practice guideline
Authors: Ye Zhikang , Busse Jason W. , Hill Michael D. , Lindsay M. Patrice , Guyatt Gordon H. , Prasad Kameshwar , Agarwal Arnav , Beattie Cheryl , Beattie Jim , Dodd Cynthia , Heran Manraj K.S. , Narayan Sunil , Chartúir Norita NÍ , O'Donnell Martin , Resmini Ilaria , Sacco Simona , Sylaja P N , Volders David , Wang Xin , Xie Feng , Zachrison Kori S. , Zhang Lingli , Zhong Hongliang , An Zhuoling , Smith Eric E.
Published: September 2022

Aim

Whether or not use of intravenous alteplase in combination with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) improves outcomes versus EVT alone, for acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion presenting directly to a comprehensive stroke center, is uncertain.

Methods

Six randomized trials exploring this issue were published, and we synthesized this evidence to inform a rapid guideline based on the Guidelines International Network principles and guided by the GRADE approach.

Results

We enlisted an international panel that included 4 patient partners and 1 caregiver, individuals from 6 countries. The panel considered low certainty evidence that EVT alone, relative to EVT with intravenous alteplase, possibly results in a small decrease in the proportion of patients that achieve functional independence and possibly a small increase in mortality. Both effect estimates were downgraded twice due to very serious imprecision. The panel also considered moderate certainty evidence that EVT alone probably decreases symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, versus EVT with alteplase, and combination therapy was more costly than EVT alone. As a result of the low certainty for improved recovery without impairment and mortality for combination therapy versus EVT alone, and moderate certainty for increased harm with combination therapy, the panel made a weak recommendation in favor of EVT alone for stroke patients eligible for both treatments, and initially presenting directly to a comprehensive stroke center that provides both treatments.

Conclusions

Consistent with this weak recommendation, optimal patient management will likely often include co‐treatment with intravenous alteplase, depending on local circumstances and patient presentation.
The location of cross‐border and national mergers and acquisitions within the United States
Authors: Brakman Steven , Garretsen Harry , van Marrewijk Charles , van Witteloostuijn Arjen
Published: September 2022

Research on the location choice of foreign direct investment (FDI) focuses on the choice between countries. The within‐country location choice is either not analyzed at all or restricted to greenfield investments only. The majority of FDI, however, takes the form of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We develop and test a pair of hypotheses regarding location‐target selection for both cross‐border and national M&As across the United States, expecting differences in line with the liability of foreignness argument. Using a detailed firm‐level data set for M&As in the period 1985–2012, we compare location choices of cross‐border versus national M&As. We find that cross‐border M&As are more spatially concentrated, and tend to sort into larger agglomerations than national M&As. This finding holds both for urban agglomerations in isolation, as well as for agglomerations that take the economic geography of the United States into account.