bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Optimized Ku–DNA Binding Inhibitors on the Cellular and In Vivo DNA Damage Response
Authors: Mendoza-Munoz Pamela L. , Kushwaha Narva Deshwar , Chauhan Dineshsinha , Ali Gacem Karim Ben , Garrett Joy E. , Dynlacht Joseph R. , Charbonnier Jean-Baptiste , Gavande Navnath S. , Turchi John J.
Published: September 2024

Background: DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a validated cancer therapeutic target involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Ku serves as a sensor of DSBs by binding to DNA ends and activating DNA-PK. Inhibition of DNA-PK is a common strategy to block DSB repair and improve efficacy of ionizing radiation (IR) therapy and radiomimetic drug therapies. We have previously developed Ku–DNA binding inhibitors (Ku-DBis) that block in vitro and cellular NHEJ activity, abrogate DNA-PK autophosphorylation, and potentiate cellular sensitivity to IR. Results and Conclusions: Here we report the discovery of oxindole Ku-DBis with improved cellular uptake and retained potent Ku-inhibitory activity. Variable monotherapy activity was observed in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, with ATM-null cells being the most sensitive and showing synergy with IR. BRCA1-deficient cells were resistant to single-agent treatment and antagonistic when combined with DSB-generating therapies. In vivo studies in an NSCLC xenograft model demonstrated that the Ku-DBi treatment blocked IR-dependent DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation, modulated DDR, and reduced tumor cell proliferation. This represents the first in vivo demonstration of a Ku-targeted DNA-binding inhibitor impacting IR response and highlights the potential therapeutic utility of Ku-DBis for cancer treatment.
The G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Agonist G-1 Mediates Antitumor Effects by Activating Apoptosis Pathways and Regulating Migration and Invasion in Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Gaxiola-Rubio Abigail , Jave-Suárez Luis Felipe , Hernández-Silva Christian David , Ramírez-de-Arellano Adrián , Villegas-Pineda Julio César , Lizárraga-Ledesma Marisa de Jesús , Ramos-Solano Moisés , Diaz-Palomera Carlos Daniel , Pereira-Suárez Ana Laura
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Estrogens and HPV are necessary for cervical cancer (CC) development. The levels of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) increase as CC progresses, and HPV oncoproteins promote GPER expression. The role of this receptor is controversial due to its anti- and pro-tumor effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of GPER activation, using its agonist G-1, on the transcriptome, cell migration, and invasion in SiHa cells and non-tumorigenic keratinocytes transduced with the HPV16 E6 or E7 oncogenes. Methods: Transcriptome analysis was performed to identify G-1-enriched pathways in SiHa cells. We evaluated cell migration, invasion, and the expression of associated proteins in SiHa, HaCaT-16E6, and HaCaT-16E7 cells using various assays. Results: Transcriptome analysis revealed pathways associated with proliferation/apoptosis (TNF-α signaling, UV radiation response, mitotic spindle formation, G2/M cell cycle, UPR, and IL-6/JAK/STAT), cellular metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation), and cell migration (angiogenesis, EMT, and TGF-α signaling) in SiHa cells. Key differentially expressed genes included PTGS2 (pro/antitumor), FOSL1, TNFRSF9, IL1B, DIO2, and PHLDA1 (antitumor), along with under-expressed genes with pro-tumor effects that may inhibit proliferation. Additionally, DKK1 overexpression suggested inhibition of cell migration. G-1 increased vimentin expression in SiHa cells and reduced it in HaCaT-16E6 and HaCaT-16E7 cells. However, G-1 did not affect α-SMA expression or cell migration in any of the cell lines but increased invasion in HaCaT-16E7 cells. Conclusions: GPER is a promising prognostic marker due to its ability to activate apoptosis and inhibit proliferation without promoting migration/invasion in CC cells. G-1 could potentially be a tool in the treatment of this neoplasia.
Ultrasound in Skin Cancer: Why, How, and When to Use It?
Authors: Wortsman Ximena
Published: September 2024

Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in human beings. Ultrasound is a powerful and non-invasive imaging technique that has expanded its use in dermatology, including in the skin cancer field. The full range of critical anatomical information provided by ultrasound cannot be deduced from a naked eye examination, palpation, or other imaging techniques such as dermoscopy, confocal microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, or PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography). Methods: This review practically analyzes the main ultrasonographic features of the most common types of skin cancers and the performance of the locoregional staging according to the literature, which is illustrated by state-of-the-art clinical and ultrasonographic correlations. Results: The most common types of skin cancer show recognizable ultrasonographic patterns. Conclusions: Among the current radiological imaging techniques, ultrasound has the highest axial spatial resolution. Compared to other imaging techniques used in dermatology, it shows the great advantage of penetrating the soft tissues thoroughly, which allows us to detect and identify the most common skin types of skin cancer, including both the primary tumor and its locoregional metastases.
Colorectal Cancer Outcomes: A Comparative Review of Resource-Limited Settings in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Rural America
Authors: Jacobson Clare E. , Harbaugh Calista M. , Agbedinu Kwabena , Kwakye Gifty
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings where patient-centered outcomes following surgery are often suboptimal. Although more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), segments of the United States have similarly limited healthcare resources, resulting in stark inequities even within close geographic proximity. Methods: This review compares and contrasts colorectal cancer outcomes in LMICs with those in resource-constrained communities in rural America, utilizing an established implementation science framework to identify key determinants of practice for delivering high-quality colorectal cancer care. Results: Barriers and innovative, community-based strategies aimed at improving patient-centered outcomes for colorectal cancer patients in low resource settings are identified. We explore innovative approaches and community-based strategies aimed at improving patient-centered outcomes, highlighting the newly developed colorectal surgery fellowship in Sub-Saharan Africa as a model of innovation in this field. Conclusions: By exploring these diverse contexts, this paper proposes actionable solutions and strategies to enhance surgical care of colorectal cancer and patient outcomes, ultimately aiming to inform global health practices, inspire collaboration between LMIC and rural communities, and improve care delivery across various resource settings.
The Laws of Attraction: Chemokines as Critical Mediators in Cancer Progression and Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hassouneh Zaineb , Kim Michelle E. , Bowman Natalia , Rao Manjeet , Zhang Nu , Huang Gang , Svatek Robert S. , Mukherjee Neelam
Published: September 2024

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a prevalent urogenital malignancy, characterized by a myriad of genetic and environmental risk factors that drive its progression. Approximately 75% of bladder tumors are non-muscle-invasive at diagnosis. For such cases, bladder preservation is often feasible with intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy. However, the high recurrence rates associated with these tumors necessitate multiple cystoscopic examinations and biopsies, leading to significant financial burden and morbidity. Despite bladder tumors exhibiting one of the highest cancer mutational loads, which typically correlates with improved responses to immunotherapy, challenges persist. The tumor microenvironment serves as a nexus for interactions between tumor cells and the immune system, wherein chemokines and chemokine receptors orchestrate the recruitment of immune cells. This review addresses existing gaps in our understanding of chemokine dynamics in BCa by elucidating the specific roles of key chemokines in shaping the immune landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We explore how dysregulation of chemokine signaling pathways contributes to the recruitment of immunosuppressive cell populations, such as Tregs and monocytes, leading to an unfavorable immune response. Additionally, we highlight the potential of these chemokines as predictive biomarkers for tumor progression and treatment outcomes, emphasizing their role in informing personalized immunotherapeutic strategies. By integrating insights into chemokine networks and their implications for immune cell dynamics, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between chemokines and the immune microenvironment in BCa. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of targeting these chemokine pathways as innovative immunotherapeutic strategies, paving the way for enhanced treatment responses and improved patient outcomes.
Disparities in Stage at Diagnosis among Hispanic Patients with Gastric Cancer in the United States
Authors: Jeri-Yabar Antoine , Vittini-Hernandez Liliana , Aller-Rojas Renzo , Arias-Reyes Francisco , Dharmapuri Sirish
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Racial disparities in gastric cancer outcomes, including stage at diagnosis and overall survival, continue to affect Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations. This study aims to evaluate these disparities across different racial groups. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using SEER data from 2018 to 2021, including 18,984 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. Patients were selected based on ICD-O-3 codes for “stomach” with malignant behavior. Using ordered logistic regression, the association between race and stage at diagnosis was analyzed, while Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess OS and CSS. Results: Hispanic patients were significantly more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage compared to non-Hispanic patients (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10–1.28). Both Hispanic and Black patients had worse OS compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (HR 1.10 CI 1.03–1.17, p = 0.003 and HR 1.13 CI 1.04–1.22, p = 0.002, respectively) as well as CSS. Conclusions: Hispanic patients are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced-stage gastric cancer and have poorer survival outcomes compared to non-Hispanic Whites. These disparities may be linked to differences in healthcare access, insurance, language barriers, and preventive care utilization.
The Association between Sampling and Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Who Received Neoadjuvant Therapy and Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Taherian Mehran , Katz Matthew H. G. , Prakash Laura R. , Wei Dongguang , Tong Yi Tat , Lai Zongshan , Chatterjee Deyali , Wang Hua , Kim Michael , Tzeng Ching-Wei D. , Ikoma Naruhiko , Wolff Robert A. , Zhao Dan , Koay Eugene J. , Maitra Anirban , Wang Huamin
Published: September 2024

Adequate sampling is essential to an accurate pathologic evaluation of pancreatectomy specimens resected for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). However, limited data are available for the association between the sampling and survival in these patients. We examined the association of the entire submission of the tumor (ESOT) and the entire submission of the pancreas (ESOP) with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), as well as their correlations with clinicopathologic features, for 627 patients with PDAC who received NAT and pancreaticoduodenectomy. We demonstrated that both ESOT and ESOP were associated with lower ypT, less frequent perineural invasion, and better tumor response (p < 0.05). ESOP was also associated with a smaller tumor size (p < 0.001), more lymph nodes (p < 0.001), a lower ypN stage (p < 0.001), better differentiation (p = 0.02), and less frequent lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.009). However, since ESOP and ESOT were primarily conducted for cases with no grossly identifiable tumor or minimal residual carcinoma in initial sections, potential bias cannot be excluded. Both ESOT and ESOP were associated with less frequent recurrence/metastasis and better DFS and OS (p < 0.05) in the overall study population. ESOP was associated with better DFS and better OS in patients with ypT0/ypT1 or ypN0 tumors and better OS in patients with complete or near-complete response (p < 0.05). ESOT was associated with better OS in patients with ypT0/ypT1 or ypN0 tumors (p < 0.05). Both ESOT and ESOP were independent prognostic factors for OS according to multivariate survival analyses. Therefore, accurate pathologic evaluation using ESOP and ESOT is associated with the prognosis in PDAC patients with complete or near-complete pathologic response and ypT0/ypT1 tumor after NAT.
The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Regulating Cachexia Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Chen Guoming , Zou Jiayi , He Qianhua , Xia Shuyi , Xiao Qili , Du Ruoxi , Zhou Shengmei , Zhang Cheng , Wang Ning , Feng Yibin
Published: September 2024

Cachexia is a late consequence of various diseases that is characterized by systemic muscle loss, with or without fat loss, leading to significant mortality. Multiple signaling pathways and molecules that increase catabolism, decrease anabolism, and interfere with muscle regeneration are activated. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play vital roles in cachexia muscle atrophy. This review mainly provides the mechanisms of specific ncRNAs to regulate muscle loss during cachexia and discusses the role of ncRNAs in cachectic biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies that could offer new insights for clinical practice.
The Role of TiO2 during the Accelerated Aging of Recycled Rubber Tiles
Authors: Benjak Paula , Tomaš Marija , Ptiček Siročić Anita , Brnardić Ivan , Florijanić Franjo , Grčić Ivana
Published: September 2024

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was added in different proportions as a filler to the mixture for the production of recycled rubber tiles in order to improve their existing properties. The mechanical properties of novel rubber tiles were analyzed in the context of abrasion resistance, maximum stress (TS), stress at break (TSb), deformation at break (Eb), and hardness. An optimal mixture composition was found comparing the obtained results of mechanical tests; successful improvement of abrasion by 22.1%, Eb by 10.46% and hardness by 17.65% was achieved. Finally, the characterization of the new rubber tile by SEM/EDS and FTIR analysis was carried out, along with the stability and environmental impact assessment based on the leaching test. The accelerated aging test was conducted using a solar simulator, after which the mechanical properties, SEM/EDS, FTIR, and leaching test were re-examined. The results after the accelerated aging test showed that tiles with the addition of TiO2 have better mechanical properties compared to the reference ones; TS improved by 85.71%, Eb by 75.53%, and hardness by 9.43%. Therefore, we concluded that TiO2 as a filler in interaction with rubber and polyurethane composites significantly contributed to the improvement of the existing rubber tile, and the achieved improvements are useful for the original application of these tiles, which is the protection from injuries on playgrounds and sports fields. Also, the improvement achieved extends the service life of this type of tile, which contributes to the quality of this type of material.
Novel Organomineral Material Containing an Acylpyrazolone Functionalized Ionic Liquid for the Extraction and Separation of Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Konshina Dzhamilya N. , Lupanova Ida A. , Konshin Valery V.
Published: September 2024

4-Acylpyrazolones are important ligands in analytical chemistry and technologies used for the separation and concentration of various metals. We have proposed a novel method for obtaining a material that consists of covalently immobilized functionalized ionic liquid on the surface of a mineral carrier featuring a coordination-active fragment of 4-acylpyrazolone. For its synthesis, we have introduced a strategy based on the quaternization of surface azolyl groups from 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl silica with an alkylating reagent containing a 4-acylpyrazolone motif-4-(6-bromohexanoyl)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one. This method of covalent immobilization preserves the 1,3-dioxo fragment, which ensures the effective binding of metal ions. The success of this functionalization has been confirmed by IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy data, as well as by thermogravimetric analysis. The overall functional capacity was found to be 0.3 mmol/g. The potential of the synthesized organomineral material to concentrate five rare earth elements (REEs) representing the cerium (Eu(III), Sm(III)) and yttrium groups (Gd(III), Dy(III), Er(III)) has been demonstrated. It was shown that during extraction from multicomponent systems, both under static and dynamic preconcentration conditions, there is a competitive influence of analytes, and their separation can be evaluated under dynamic conditions based on dynamic output curves and calculated distribution coefficients. It was shown that for systems where Kd > 1.8, quantitative separation can be performed in a dynamic mode of sorption under selected conditions.
Honokiol Is More Potent than Magnolol in Reducing Head and Neck Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Kleszcz Robert , Dorna Dawid , Stawny Maciej , Paluszczak Jarosław
Published: September 2024

The efficacy of treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients is still unsatisfactory, and there is an ongoing search for novel therapies. Locoregionally advanced HNSCC cases, which frequently require combined surgery and chemoradiotherapy, are especially difficult to treat. Natural compounds, like Magnolia-derived lignans—honokiol (HON) and magnolol (MAG)—can reduce cancer cell growth but retain a good safety profile and thus may show benefit as adjuvant therapeutics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of HON and MAG in HNSCC cell lines and compare their effects between cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-tolerant cells. Cell viability was evaluated in FaDu and SCC-040 cells growing as monolayers and as spheroids. The effect of HON and MAG on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and gene expression was compared between wild-type FaDu cells and cisplatin persister FaDu cells. We observed that HON and MAG were more potent in reducing cell viability in cisplatin persister FaDu cells, although this effect was not directly followed by increased rates of apoptosis. Thus, HON’s and MAG’s capacity to affect cisplatin persister cells needs further studies. In general, we observed that HON exerted stronger cytotoxic effects than MAG in HNSCC cells, and the difference in their anti-cancer activity was especially pronounced in cells cultured in 3D.
Management of Early Post-Transplant Hyperglycemia by Dedicated Endocrine Care Improves Glycemic Outcomes
Authors: Kaplan Alon , Manela Tslil , Hod Tammy , Ghinea Ronen , Mor Eytan , Tirosh Amit , Tirosh Amir , Shlomai Gadi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Early post-transplant hyperglycemia (EPTH) is an independent risk factor for hospital readmissions, acute rejection, infections and developing post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Close glycemic control is prudent in the early post-transplant period. The management of EPTH was evaluated among a cohort of kidney transplant recipients, who either received routine care (RC) or dedicated endocrine care (DEC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on kidney transplant recipients from 2019 to 2023. The impact of DEC on post-transplant glycemic control was investigated. Hospitalized patients receiving post-transplant insulin therapy were included. DEC involved at least twice-daily blood glucose (BG) assessment by an endocrinologist, while the RC received usual care. A mixed-model analysis was employed to assess differences in BG trajectories between DEC and RC over an eight-day period. Additionally, various glycemic control metrics were compared, including glucose variability, time-in-range for target BG, rates of hypoglycemia and response to hyperglycemia. Results: The cohort comprised 113 patients. In the DEC group, 91% had pre-transplant DM compared to 15% in the RC group (p < 0.001). Patients under DEC had higher baseline BG and glycated hemoglobin compared to those under RC (p < 0.001, for both). The DEC group displayed a lower trajectory of BG over time compared to the RC group (p = 0.002). Patients under DEC were more likely to receive insulin if BG measured above 200 mg/dL (66% vs. 46%) and displayed less below-range BG (<110 mg/dL) compared to those under RC (12.9% vs. 23.6%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Management of EPTH by DEC improves glycemic outcomes in renal transplant recipients.
Current Evidence on and Clinical Implications of Vitamin D Levels in Pain and Functional Management of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Georgescu Bianca , Cristea Adelina Elena , Oprea Doinița , Lupu Andreea Alexandra , Stanciu Liliana-Elena , Borgazi Erdin , Caraban Bogdan Marian , Ciortea Viorela Mihaela , Irsay Laszlo , Iliescu Mădălina Gabriela
Published: September 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease that affects quality of life and increases public health costs. Knee osteoarthritis is a frequent form, marked by joint degeneration, pain, stiffness, and functional restrictions. Factors such as age, genetics, joint injuries, obesity, and vitamin D deficiency can affect knee osteoarthritis progression. While the exact link between vitamin D and osteoarthritis is still being studied, recent research indicates that low vitamin D levels might influence the articular cartilage’s structure and function, potentially accelerating osteoarthritis. This review aims to analyze the last decade of research on vitamin D’s role in osteoarthritis. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Relevant studies from the last ten years were included to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and knee osteoarthritis. The inclusion criteria were studies examining the role of vitamin D in cartilage health and osteoarthritis progression and the potential clinical implications for disease management. Results: This review identified a variety of studies exploring the connection between vitamin D and osteoarthritis, with mixed findings. Conclusions: The relationship between vitamin D and knee osteoarthritis remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research. An updated evaluation of the literature is crucial for osteoarthritis management strategies and to potentially include vitamin D supplementation in therapeutic protocols.
Twisted Troubles: A Rare Case of Intestinal Obstruction Due to Endometriosis and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Iordache Ionut Eduard , Alexandrescu Luana , Nicoara Alina Doina , Popescu Razvan , Leopa Nicoleta , Baltatescu Gabriela , Nelson Twakor Andreea , Tofolean Ionut Tiberiu , Steriu Liliana
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Intestinal endometriosis is an exceptionally rare cause of intestinal obstruction. This case report and literature review aim to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and surgical management of this condition. Materials and methods: We report the case of a 50-year-old female patient who presented diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, a distended abdomen, and an absence of intestinal transit for gas and faeces. Initial symptoms included flatulence and constipation, which gradually worsened for two months prior to the patient’s hospital admission, leading to acute intestinal obstruction. Diagnostic investigations, including blood tests, ultrasound (USG), X-ray, and a contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) scan, revealed significant small bowel dilatation and an ileal volvulus. The patient underwent urgent hydro-electrolytic and metabolic rebalancing followed by a median laparotomy surgical procedure. Intraoperative findings included a distended small intestine and an obstructive ileal volvulus, and required an 8 cm segmental enterectomy and terminal ileostomy. Results: Postoperative recovery was slow but favourable, with a gradual digestive tolerance. Histopathological examination of the resected ileum revealed intestinal endometriosis characterized by a fibro-conjunctive reaction and nonspecific chronic active inflammation. Five months later, the patient underwent a successful reversal of the ileostomy with a mechanical lateral anastomosis of the cecum and ileum, resulting in a favourable postoperative course. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of considering intestinal endometriosis in women presenting with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and highlights the need for timely surgical intervention and careful postoperative management. Further research is required to better understand the pathophysiology and optimal treatment strategies for intestinal endometriosis.
Welding and Joining of Metallic Materials: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Khalfallah Ali , Moradi Mahmoud , Beygi Reza
Published: September 2024

The study of welding and joining technologies for metallic materials has long been fundamental to advancing numerous industries, including aerospace, automotive, and energy [...]
Processes and Properties of Self-Lubricating Coatings Fabricated on Light Alloys by Using Micro-Arc Oxidation: A Review
Authors: Li Rui , He Xingyu , Li Chenyu , Zhang Ruimeng , Meng Fei , Zhang Hongliang , Cui Xue , Nong Zhisheng
Published: September 2024

A self-lubricating coating is a kind of coating formed on the surface of the material by various processes that can self-replenish lubricating substances during the friction and wear process. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the processes and properties of self-lubricating ceramic coatings developed through Micro-arc Oxidation (MAO) on light alloys, including aluminum, magnesium, and titanium. Three technical approaches for the preparation of self-lubricating coatings via MAO are recapitulated. The structures and properties of the self-lubricating coatings prepared by each technical route are compared and analyzed, and the future development tendency of this field is also anticipated.
Outcomes of Abductor Repair Using Mesh Augmentation in Oncologic Proximal Femur Replacement
Authors: Broida Samuel E. , Salmons Harold I. , Owen Aaron R. , Houdek Matthew T.
Published: September 2024

Reconstruction of the abductor mechanism remains a primary challenge with contemporary proximal femoral replacement (PFR) surgery. Previously, techniques such as trochanteric preservation or direct repair to the implant have been described; however, these strategies are limited in their ability to tension the repair and reattach other muscles of the hip girdle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing oncologic PFR using a novel technique of mesh augmentation for soft tissue repair. Methods: We reviewed 18 (mean age 64 years; 8 female: 10 male) consecutive patients undergoing PFR with Marlex mesh augmentation between 2018 and 2023 at a single institution. The most common indication was metastatic disease (n = 13). The mean follow-up in the 14 surviving patients was 27 months (range 12–34). Results: All patients were ambulatory at final follow-up. There were no post-operative dislocations, infections, or wound issues. At the final follow-up, the mean total MSTS score was 77%. Conclusion: Mesh augmentation of PFRs allowed for adequate soft tissue tensioning and muscular attachment to the body of the implant. In our series, this technique was durable, with no dislocations and no mesh-related complications. In summary, mesh augmentation of PFRs may be considered during reconstruction for oncologic indications.
Bazedoxifene as a Potential Cancer Therapeutic Agent Targeting IL-6/GP130 Signaling
Authors: Shi Changyou , Bopp Taylor , Lo Hui-Wen , Tkaczuk Katherine , Lin Jiayuh
Published: September 2024

Targeting the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/glycoprotein 130 (GP130) signaling pathway holds significant promise for cancer therapy given its essential role in the survival and progression of various cancer types. We have identified that bazedoxifene (BZA), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug used for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, when combined with conjugated estrogens in Duavee, also has a novel function as an inhibitor of IL-6/GP130 interaction. BZA is currently under investigation for its potential anticancer therapeutic function through the inhibition of the IL-6/GP130 pathway. Numerous studies have highlighted the efficacy of BZA (monotherapy or combined with other chemotherapy drugs) in impeding progression across multiple cancers. In this review, we mainly focus on the anticancer activity of BZA and the underlying anticancer mechanism through inhibition of the IL-6/GP130 pathway, aiming to provide valuable insights for the design and execution of further research and the potential repositioning of BZA in oncological clinical trials.
Efficacy of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab–Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Sequential Therapy for Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Moriyama Etsuko , Shimose Shigeo , Niizeki Takashi , Iwamoto Hideki , Tanaka Masatoshi , Shirono Tomotake , Noda Yu , Nakano Masahito , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Koga Hironori , Kawaguchi Takumi
Published: September 2024

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab–transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) sequential therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in patients with intermediate-stage HCC. A total of 212 patients were enrolled and categorized into the Atez/Bev-TACE sequential therapy (n = 23) or Atez/Bev monotherapy group (n = 189) between 2020 and 2024. Of these, patients with intermediate-stage HCC were categorized into the Atez/Bev-TACE sequential (n = 18) or Atez/Bev monotherapy group (n = 91). The best objective response rate, disease control rate, and median progression-free survival (PFS) after TACE were 73.9%, 82.6%, and 6.1 months, respectively. The PFS after TACE was significantly higher in the Atez/Bev sequential therapy group than in the no-Atez/Bev-administration group after TACE (6.9 months vs. 5.0 months, p = 0.025). The median overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in the Atez/Bev-TACE sequential therapy group than in the Atez/Bev monotherapy group for intermediate-stage HCC (34.9 months vs. 17.8 months; p = 0.016). Independent factors associated with OS were low alpha-fetoprotein levels, modified albumin–bilirubin 1 or 2a levels, and Atez/Bev-TACE sequential therapy. Atez/Bev-TACE sequential therapy improved prognosis compared with Atez/Bev monotherapy in patients with intermediate-stage HCC. Moreover, Atez/Bev should be readministered after TACE.
Dairy Cow Longevity Is Affected by Dam Parity and Age
Authors: Bobadilla Pablo Ernesto , López-Villalobos Nicolás , Sotelo Fernando , Damián Juan Pablo
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to determine whether the parity and age of dams affect the longevity of their offspring in dairy cows in pasture-based systems. A total of 12,792 dairy cows born between 2000 and 2017 across five farms were evaluated using records from the Dairy Herd Improvement Database at Instituto Nacional para el Control y Mejoramiento Lechero (Uruguay). Dams were classified as primiparous or multiparous, and parity number and age were considered. The effect of parity status on herd life (HL), the length of productive life (LPL), and the productive life index (PLI) was evaluated using a generalized mixed model. Associations between parity number and dam age with HL, LPL, and PLI were evaluated using regression models. HL, LPL, and PLI were significantly higher for daughters of multiparous cows. Dams with more parities gave birth to longer-living daughters, with an average HL difference of 4.4 months between the first and seventh parity of the dams. The parity number and age of the dam showed a significant association with HL, LPL, and PLI. In conclusion, the parity and age of the dam influence the longevity of dairy cows in pasture-based systems, with older dams and higher parity yielding daughters with greater longevity.
Fundamentals of Analysis of Health Data for Non-Physicians
Authors: Hernández-Nava Carlos , Mata-Rivera Miguel-Félix , Flores-Hernández Sergio
Published: September 2024

The increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide, including in Mexico, presents significant challenges to healthcare systems. This has a notable impact on hospital admissions, as diabetes is considered an ambulatory care-sensitive condition, meaning that hospitalizations could be avoided. This is just one example of many challenges faced in the medical and public health fields. Traditional healthcare methods have been effective in managing diabetes and preventing complications. However, they often encounter limitations when it comes to analyzing large amounts of health data to effectively identify and address diseases. This paper aims to bridge this gap by outlining a comprehensive methodology for non-physicians, particularly data scientists, working in healthcare. As a case study, this paper utilizes hospital diabetes discharge records from 2010 to 2023, totaling 36,665,793 records from medical units under the Ministry of Health of Mexico. We aim to highlight the importance for data scientists to understand the problem and its implications. By doing so, insights can be generated to inform policy decisions and reduce the burden of avoidable hospitalizations. The approach primarily relies on stratification and standardization to uncover rates based on sex and age groups. This study provides a foundation for data scientists to approach health data in a new way.
Ferrer House at Rocafort, an Early Case of Brise-Soleil’s Design for the Mediterranean Region in Valencia
Authors: Gomez-Gil Antonio , Cabeza-Lainez Joseph
Published: September 2024

In 1944, the architect Antonio Gómez Davó designed and built a new house for Mr. Ferrer at Rocafort in the suburbs of Valencia (Spain). In this same year, Europe, America, Russia and even Japan were still at war and Spain was recovering from its own intestine conflict. Therefore, architectural innovations and influences were scarce, as was the circulation of specialized journals on the matter. Still, many creations were occurring, like ceramic vaults and the brise-soleil; further, the architect Le Corbusier had stated his profound nostalgia for the Mediterranean, a sea that he had come to appreciate in his travels to the “East”. In the case of Gómez Davó, having been born and raised in a prominent family of Valencia, he could not remain indifferent to the design features that appeared in the vernacular architecture of the area, especially the type of inclined louvers of Arabic descent, that covered bow-windows and balconies and which have come to be known in Spain as the Majorcan louvers; these are currently even employed by prominent architects like Rafael Moneo at the extension of the Painter Miro Foundation. However, with so many difficult circumstances surrounding him, Gómez Davó could not get to the point of producing a ground-breaking design based on solar assumptions for the whole façade of the house he was building; instead, when providing an entrance porch apt for living life in the pure Mediterranean tradition, he ventured to construct a surprising perforated wall oriented to the south in order to control radiation in the winter and provide shade in the summer while affording excellent light and superb conditions of ventilation. By means of self-devised simulation tools, we have analyzed the conditions of the house and especially of his innovative brise-soleil, which are at times reminiscent of Alvar Aalto’s solutions for day-lit roofs, and which he intuitively adapted to the latitude of Valencia with the help of incipient notions of solar geometry. By outlining such unknown and bold precedent and assessing the house’s proper climatic performance, we contribute to revitalizing the early and daring pioneers of solar architecture in peripheral Spain and Europe during the birth of critic regionalism, a fact often disregarded in the conventional history of Modern Architecture.
Effective Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Where, When, How, and What Should We Look For?
Authors: Dąbrowska Julia , Groblewska Maria , Bendykowska Maria , Sikorski Maksymilian , Gromadzka Grażyna
Published: September 2024

(1) Introduction: Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) are one of the most common causes of disease in the world. Clinical diagnosis of most parasitic diseases is difficult because they do not produce characteristic symptoms. (2) Methods: The PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library medical databases were reviewed using the following phrases: “parasitic infections and diagnostics”, “intestinal parasites”, “gastrointestinal parasites”, “parasitic infections and diagnostics”, and their combinations. (3) Results and Conclusions: Correct diagnosis of GIP involves determining the presence of a parasite and establishing a relationship between parasite invasion and disease symptoms. The diagnostic process should consider the possibility of the coexistence of infection with several parasites at the same time. In such a situation, diagnostics should be planned with consideration of their frequency in each population and the local epidemiological situation. The importance of the proper interpretation of laboratory test results, based on good knowledge of the biology of the parasite, should be emphasized. The presence of the parasite may not be causally related to the disease symptoms. Due to wide access to laboratories, patients often decide to perform tests themselves without clinical justification. Research is carried out using various methods which are often unreliable. This review briefly covers current laboratory methods for diagnosing the most common gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in Europe. In particular, we provide useful information on the following aspects: (i) what to look for and where to look for it (suitability of feces, blood, duodenal contents, material taken from endoscopy or biopsy, tissue samples, and locations for searching for eggs, cysts, parasites, parasite genetic material, and characteristics of immune responses indicating parasitic infections); (ii) when material should be collected for diagnosis and/or to check the effectiveness of treatment; (iii) how—that is, by what methods—laboratory diagnostics should be carried out. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of direct and indirect methods of detecting parasites will be discussed. False-positive or false-negative results are a problem facing many tests. Available tests have different sensitivities and specificities. Therefore, especially in doubtful situations, tests for the presence of the pathogen should be performed using various available methods. It is important that the methods used make it possible to distinguish an active infection from a past infection. Finally, we present laboratory “case reports”, in which we will discuss the diagnostic procedure that allows for the successful identification of parasites. Additionally, we briefly present the possibilities of using artificial intelligence to improve the effectiveness of diagnosing parasitic diseases.
Hospital Re-Admission Prediction Using Named Entity Recognition and Explainable Machine Learning
Authors: Dafrallah Safaa , Akhloufi Moulay A.
Published: September 2024

Early hospital readmission refers to unplanned emergency admission of patients within 30 days of discharge. Predicting early readmission risk before discharge can help to reduce the cost of readmissions for hospitals and decrease the death rate for Intensive Care Unit patients. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for prediction of unplanned hospital readmissions using discharge notes from the MIMIC-III database. This approach is based on first extracting relevant information from clinical reports using a pretrained Named Entity Recognition model called BioMedical-NER, which is built on Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers architecture, with the extracted features then used to train machine learning models to predict unplanned readmissions. Our proposed approach achieves better results on clinical reports compared to the state-of-the-art methods, with an average precision of 88.4% achieved by the Gradient Boosting algorithm. In addition, explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques are applied to provide deeper comprehension of the predictive results.
Comprehensive Peri-Operative Risk Assessment and Management of Geriatric Patients
Authors: Theodorakis Nikolaos , Nikolaou Maria , Hitas Christos , Anagnostou Dimitrios , Kreouzi Magdalini , Kalantzi Sofia , Spyridaki Aikaterini , Triantafylli Gesthimani , Metheniti Panagiota , Papaconstantinou Ioannis
Published: September 2024

Background: As the population ages, the prevalence of surgical interventions in individuals aged 65+ continues to increase. This poses unique challenges due to the higher incidence of comorbidities, polypharmacy, and frailty in the elderly population, which result in high peri-operative risks. Traditional preoperative risk assessment tools often fail to accurately predict post-operative outcomes in the elderly, overlooking the complex interplay of factors that contribute to risk in the elderly. Methods: A literature review was conducted, focusing on the predictive value of CGA for postoperative prognosis and the implementation of perioperative interventions. Results: Evidence shows that CGA is a superior predictive tool compared to traditional models, as it more accurately identifies elderly patients at higher risk of complications such as postoperative delirium, infections, and prolonged hospital stays. CGA includes assessments of frailty, sarcopenia, nutritional status, cognitive function, mental health, and functional status, which are crucial in predicting post-operative outcomes. Studies demonstrate that CGA can also guide personalized perioperative care, including nutritional support, physical training, and mental health interventions, leading to improved surgical outcomes and reduced functional decline. Conclusions: The CGA provides a more holistic approach to perioperative risk assessment in elderly patients, addressing the limitations of traditional tools. CGA can help guide surgical decisions (e.g., curative or palliative) and select the profiles of patients that will benefit from perioperative interventions to improve their prognosis and prevent functional decline.
Polynomial Regression on Lie Groups and Application to SE(3)
Authors: Aubray Johan , Nicol Florence
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the position of a mobile such as a drone from noisy position measurements using the framework of Lie groups. To model the motion of a rigid body, the relevant Lie group happens to be the Special Euclidean group SE(n), with n=2 or 3. Our work was carried out using a previously used parametric framework which derived equations for geodesic regression and polynomial regression on Riemannian manifolds. Based on this approach, our goal was to implement this technique in the Lie group SE(3) context. Given a set of noisy points in SE(3) representing measurements on the trajectory of a mobile, one wants to find the geodesic that best fits those points in a Riemannian least squares sense. Finally, applications to simulated data are proposed to illustrate this work. The limitations of such a method and future perspectives are discussed.
Integration of AI Training in the Field of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria: An Overview
Authors: Simeonov Svilen , Feradov Firgan , Marinov Angel , Abu-Alam Tamer
Published: September 2024

The presented work provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current availability of education programs and courses related to of AI the field of Information Technologies and Computer Science in higher education institutions (HIEs) in the Republic of Bulgaria. More specifically, this study examines 163 bachelor’s and 239 master’s degree programs from 28 HEIs available during the 2023/24 academic year in four professional fields: (1) Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Automation; (2) Communication and Computer Technologies; (3) Informatics and Computer Science; and (4) Mathematics. The conducted evaluation shows that 41.1% of evaluated BSc programs and 26.4% of MSc programs include at least one AI-dedicated course. Results indicate a significant presence of AI-focused education, particularly in degrees related to Informatics and Computer Science, where 47.8% of AI courses are concentrated. However, a notable disparity exists in the inclusion of AI subjects across other technical fields, particularly in Electrical Engineering and related degrees, which contain only 8% of the identified AI courses for BSc degree programs. The findings highlight the need for a broader and more accelerated integration of AI education to meet the evolving demands of both students and the labor market. This work underscores the importance of strategic curriculum adaptation to enhance the readiness of Bulgarian HEIs to support the development and application of AI technologies, addressing the skills gap and fostering a workforce capable of navigating the AI-driven future.
Implementing a Social Presence-Based Teaching Strategy in Online Lecture Learning
Authors: Xia Liangliang , Wang Lianghui , Huang Changqin
Published: September 2024

Previous studies have focused on the design of video lectures to improve students’ social presence by enhancing instructor presence for learners in lecture-based online courses; however, there has been limited emphasis on the peer presence in which learning from video lectures takes place. This study’s first objective is to develop a social presence (SP)-based teaching strategy to design online learning activities aimed at improving students’ social presence by providing social clues about peer presence and encouraging peer communication. The second objective is to compare students’ social presence, social interaction, and academic performance from lecture-based online learning supported by either a conventional teaching strategy or an SP-based teaching strategy. Using a quasi-experiment, we selected 81 Chinese university students to participate in a ten-week online course. The participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG) (N = 43) or a control group (CG) (N = 38). This study revealed that the SP-based strategy enhanced EG members’ social presence in online learning and that EG members achieved better academic performance than CG members. A significant correlation was found between the EG members’ academic performance and their social presence. The researchers also identified more concentrated social network sociograms with more cohesive subgroups in the EG members’ online interactions. The results indicate the necessity of applying an SP-based teaching strategy in lecture-based online courses to promote students’ social presence, social interaction, and academic performance.