bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autophagy dysregulation mediates the damage of high glucose to retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors:   Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China, Zhang Qian , Li Rong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China, Du Jun-Hui ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xi’an Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China, Jiao Cong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: May 2021

AIM: To observe the role and mechanism of autophagy in retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) damaged by high glucose, so as to offer a new idea for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS: ARPE-19, a human RPE cell line cultured in vitro was divided into the normal control (NC), autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), high-glucose (HG), and HG+3-MA groups. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay and the apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of apoptosis markers, including Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3, as well as autophagy marker including microtubule-related protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), p62, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) were detected by Western blotting. Autophagic flux was detected by transfection with Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B.
RESULTS: Under high glucose conditions, the viability of ARPE-19 was decreased, and the apoptosis rate increased, the protein expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, and LC3-II/LC3-I were all increased and the expressions of Bcl-2, p62 and p-mTOR decreased, and autophagic flux was increased compared with that of the controls. Treatment with 3-MA reversed all these changes caused by high glucose.
CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates the mechanisms of cell damage of ARPE-19 through high glucose/mTOR/autophagy/apoptosis pathway, and new strategies for DR may be developed based on autophagy regulation to manage cell death of RPE cells.
Role of bevacizumab intraocular injection in the management of neovascular glaucoma
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Mutah, Karak 61710, Jordan, Sarireh Fawaz Al , Zubi Khalid Al ,   Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Mutah, Karak 61710, Jordan, Salem Khalil Al ,   Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Mutah, Karak 61710, Jordan
Published: May 2021

AIM: To assess the long-term effects of intraocular bevacizumab (Avastin) injections as an adjunctive drug to manage patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted consisting of 34 eyes with secondary NVG caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n=25), ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (n=8), and retinal ischemia resulting from persistent detachment (n=1) were managed by intraocular injections of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL), in addition to other treatments. The main outcome measure was the change in the degree of iris neovascularization. Secondary outcomes included intraocular pressure and the number of additional interventions or antiglaucoma medications administered after injection.
RESULTS: All patients were followed-up for at least 12mo. At the last follow-up, complete regression of rubeosis irides was detectable in 13 (38.2%) eyes and incomplete regression in 21 eyes (61.8%). The mean intraocular pressure was 45.32±7.185 mm Hg at baseline and significantly decreased to 26.15±5.679 mm Hg at the last follow-up visit (P=0.000005). Patients received an average of 4.97 injections. As additional treatments, 12 eyes (35%) received laser photocoagulation and 6 eyes (18%) underwent retinocryopexy. No further treatment was needed in 16 eyes (47.1%).
CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection can have a favorable effect in controlling intraocular pressure and pain control in patients with NVG because it decreases the angiogenesis and helps to augment the results of conventional procedures. The primary cause of retinal ischemia should be always targeted.
Avaliação do potencial do resíduo cerâmico (RC) nas propriedades tecnológicas de tijolos de solo-aglomerante (s)
Authors: Fonsêca Nayara Jhéssica Marques , Souza Jonatas Macêdo de , Ramos Filho Ricardo Eugênio Barbosa , Silva Jaquelígia Brito da , Silva Vamberto Monteiro da , Acchar Wilson
Published: May 2021

O resíduo cerâmico (RC) oriundo das quebras no sistema construtivo tem sido utilizado em pesquisas com concretos, argamassas e tijolos. Neste trabalho, avaliaram-se as propriedades físicas, mecânicas e microestruturais de tijolos de solo-aglomerante em idades avançadas (90, 120, 150 e 365 dias), com utilização do RC como adição pozolânica. O cimento e a cal foram aplicados em teores de 6% e 12% e o RC adicionado no teor de 4%, ambos em relação à massa do solo. Os tijolos foram submetidos a ensaios de resistência à compressão, absorção de água, durabilidade e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Quanto à resistência à compressão e durabilidade, as amostras atenderam às prescrições da NBR 13553, resistência acima de 1MPa para materiais utilizados em paredes de solo-cimento e perda de massa abaixo de 7%, para o tipo de solo empregado. No ensaio de absorção de água, a mistura de solo com 12% de cal foi a única com valor acima do limite (20%) recomendado pela NBR 8491. As micrografias mostram que a adição de RC na formulação com cal proporcionou uma maior formação de compostos semelhantes ao CSH e CAH. É possível concluir que o RC contribuiu para melhoria das propriedades tecnológicas das formulações analisadas.
SOME METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ASSESSMENTOFBODY IMAGEIN SURGICAL PATIENTS
Authors:   E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Khramtsova N.I. , Zaiakin Yu.Yu. ,   E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Plaksin S.A. ,   E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Glushenkov A.S. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Fadeeva M.V. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production
Published: May 2021

Objective. To identify the possibilities of using of the Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R (T.F. Cash) questionnaires to study the body image and its components in healthy women and in surgical patients. Methods. The study included 444 apparently healthy women, 40 patients of a surgical hospital and 40 clients of a plastic surgeon using BIQLI and ASI-R questionnaires to assess the quality of life due to the characteristics of self-perception. Results. The average scores of the questionnaires were: BIQLI - 1.41±0.91 (CI 1.32; 1.49); ASI-R - 3.53±0.55 (CI 3.48; 3.59). Cronbach Alpha: BIQLI - 0.94; ASI-R - 0.84. For the self-esteem scale of the ASI-R questionnaire - 3.42±0.64 (CI 3.35; 3.48); Cronbach alpha - 0.82. For the ASI-R motivation scale - 3.71±0.58 (CI 3.65; 3.76); Cronbach alpha - 0.65. Pearson coefficients inside the questionnaires: BIQLI - 0.5-0.8; ASI-R - 0.3-0.7; motivation scale with a total score - 0.8; self-assessment scale with a total score - 0.9; scales of motivation and self-esteem among themselves - 0.5. 399 (89.8%) respondents had a positive body image. In surgical patients, the median BIQLI score was 1.5, in plastic surgeon clients - 1.5, a positive body image - in 33 (82.5%) and 32 (80 %), respectively. Astatistically significant difference was revealed only on the issue of “relations with their family” (p=0.01). Conclusion. High reliability and validity of the Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R questionnaires were revealed in determining the quality of life associated with the perception of their own appearance in practically healthy women, which makes it possible to recommend them for use in scientific research. The developed version of BIQLI questionnaires can be recommended for widespread use and in practical research, including the surgical patients. What this paper adds For the first time, the Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R (T.F. Cash) body image questionnaires were validated on a representative sample; their reliability, stability and internal consistency were assessed, and the possibilities of their use for studying the body image and its components among surgical patients were identified. High reliability and validity of the Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R questionnaires in determining the quality of life associated with the perception of their own appearance in practically healthy women were revealed. The Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R questionnaires tested in the study can be recommended for use in scientific research.
REPUBLICAN CENTER FOR TREATMENT OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS AND MINE-EXPLOSIVE INJURIES: 3 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   432 Main Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, Trukhan A.P. , Alkhovik D.V. ,   Military Medical Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus, Kosinsky I.G. ,   432 Main Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, Koryachkin V.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Porkhanov V.A. ,   Research Institute - Krasnodar Regional Clinical Hospital No1 Named by Professor S. V. Ochapovsky, Zherkal I.Yu. ,   N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus
Published: May 2021

Objective. To evaluate the results of organizational measures for improving the efficiency of the Republican Center for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries. Methods. The study is based on an analysis of the work of the Republican Center for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries and includes patients (n=54) who were treated from November 1, 2016 to October 31, 2019. Gunshot wounds were detected in 42 patients (77.8%). Explosive trauma was detected in 12 patients (22.2%). The most common causes of injuries were personal carelessness (20 cases (37.0%)), carelessness of others (16 cases (29.6%)), suicidal attempts (9 cases (16.6%)). In accordance with the purpose of the survey, three equal time intervals (three periods) each being equal to one year were studied. The following indicators were analyzed: the number of patients, the time from the moment of injuring to hospitalization, the type of patient’s transportation, the quality of surgical care at the hospitalization stages. Results. Implementation of the proposed organizational measures allowed increasing the number of patients hospitalized into the Republican Center for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries during the third year of work by 66.7% and 78.6%, respectively, compared with the previous time intervals. The frequency of hospitalization of patients within 24 hours after receiving an injury increased from 66.7% to 72.7%, and among patients who are not military personnel - from 45.5% to 69.2%. The proportion of errors in the treatment of patients with gunshot wounds and explosive injuries decreased by 34.0%. Conclusion. The proposed organizational measures allowed increasing the efficiency of the Republican Center for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries. In the future, it is advisable to continue close cooperation with healthcare organizations and to improve the regulatory framework for the treatment of gunshot wounds of various localization. What this paper adds The paper presents the results of the analysis of three-year work of the RepublicanCenter for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries.Realization of the proposed organizational measures allowed increasing the number of hospitalized patients, shortening the period from injury to hospitalization, and reducing the number of errors in patient care.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN POLYTRAUMA: DIAGNOSISAND TREATMENT
Authors:   V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Kozlova T.V. , Matvieienko M.S. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Belozorov I.V. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Nikolenko E.Ya. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Stradymov E.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Akperov A.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Rubtsov A.A. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: May 2021

Treatment of patients with polytrauma is a difficult problem for surgeons and physicians of intensive care units due to the fact that a multiple and complex lesion often serves as a trigger for the development of a number of life-threatening complications, such as pulmonary embolism (PE). Despite the existing methods of prevention and treatment of pulmonary embolism, the development of this complication in patients with polytrauma accompanied by massive hemorrhageisstill remains an unsolved problem. This article presents a clinical case of the development of isolated PE during performing osteosynthesis of the patient with polytrauma and in stable condition achieved after the intensive therapy within the week. The analize of studies considering the problem of thrombus formation in various parts of the vascular bed and considering of pathophysioliogycal mechanisms of the systemicinflammatory response has been performed. Riskfactors forpulmonary embolism and methods of prophylaxis are studied. Taking into consideration the currently available research data dedicated to this issue, the idea about the generalized nature of the pathological process which can be manifested as deep vein thrombosis such as PE or their combination has been expressed. In respect the insufficient effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis, the need to work out the other or additional laboratory and diagnostic methods of blood coagulation system assessment and responsively therapeutic methods is being considered.
HYBRID INTERVENTIONS IN EMERGENCY ANGIOSURGERY
Authors:   Brest Regional Clinical Hospital, Mshar S.V. , Zasimovich V.N. ,   Brest Regional Clinical Hospital, Asanovich V.A. ,   Brest Regional Clinical Hospital, Nikolenko E.Ya. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Stradymov E.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Akperov A.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Rubtsov A.A. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: May 2021

Objective. To improve the results of treatment of patients with multilevel atherosclerotic lesions and aortic dissection. Methods. In 2019 year 16 hybrid surgical interventions on arteries of lower extremities and 1 hybrid intervention for aortic dissection type B were made in Brest Regional Hospital. Most of the patients were men (15 out of 16), the average age was 60.2±6.4 (M±σ) years. Disease was staged according to the Fontaine-Pokrovsky classification: 4 patients (25%) - IIb, 8 (25%) - III, 4 (25%) - IV. The type of surgery was determined by the level of occlusion / stenosis (according to Doppler ultrasound and angiographic examination) and the state of the outflow tract. According to the TASC II classification, all patients were class C or D. Four groups of hybrid interventions on the arteries of the lower extremities were identified: hybrid on the ilio-femoral segment (n=9), hybrid on the femoral-popliteal segment (n=4), hybrid on the femoral segment (n=1), hybrid on the aorto-iliac segment (n=2). Results. Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases. In 1 case thrombosis of the superficial femoral artery occurred, which did not require reconstruction due to compensated collateral blood flow, and 1 case of death from acute heart failure. Primary patency was achieved in 93.75% of cases. Duration of hybrid surgery 174.2±67.3 (M±σ) min. Duration of the open stage of the operation - 72.85±30.3 (M±σ) min. The augmentation of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) was 0.26±0.15 (M±σ). Hybrid interventions were performed in the X-ray operating room and always from one vascular access. The amount of iodine-contrasting substance used is 150.8±68 (M±σ) ml. Conclusion. The use of hybrid interventions provides complete revascularization of lower extremities and minimizes risks of perioperative complications during implantation of aortic stent grafts in type B aortic dissection. Hybrid operations should be considered as the most perspective direction in the development of angiosurgery.
The Compound Specific Antibacterial Activities of Major Urolithins and Their Methyl Ethers
Authors: GÜLCAN Hayrettin Ozan , İLKTAÇ Mehmet , NOSHADİ Bahareh , SHUKUR Karar , GAZİ Mustafa
Published: May 2021

The investigation of biological activities of natural products, particularly considering the secondary metabolites, continuously receives attention. Urolithins, the bioavailable metabolites of ellagitannins, were shown to possess enzyme inhibitor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds in scientific studies conducted in the last two decades. Regarding the limited number of studies related to their antimicrobial activity, this study aimed to synthesize major urolithins (Urolithin A and B) concomitant to their methyl ether derivatives and screen their antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In parallel to the antibacterial activity, the synergistic and antagonist properties of the compounds were also analyzed in the presence of reference beta-lactam antibiotics. The results displayed the improvable characteristics of urolithin scaffold to be employed in antibiotic drug design studies. In addition, the antagonist effect of some compounds on the antibacterial action of standard molecules also pointed out the compound-specific activities of the title molecules.
Wpływ stopnia ryzyka na wysokość cen transferowych w przypadku pożyczek między podmiotami powiązanymi
Authors: Witczak Radosław , Zimny Artur
Published: May 2021

Jednym z instrumentów, jakie mogą wykorzystywać podmioty gospodarcze do obniżania ciężarów podatkowych, są ceny transferowe, stosowane zarówno w obrocie międzynarodowym, jak i w transakcjach w obrębie jednego kraju. Mogą one wystąpić nie tylko przy transakcjach sprzedaży, lecz również udzielania pożyczek. Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu stopnia ryzyka ponoszonego przez pożyczkodawcę na cenę udzielanej pożyczki przy ustalaniu ceny transferowej w przypadku transakcji pożyczki między podmiotami powiązanymi. W artykule postawiono następującą hipotezę: stopień ryzyka ponoszonego przez pożyczkodawcę jest istotnym czynnikiem wpływającym na cenę udzielanej pożyczki i powinien być uwzględniany przy szacowaniu ceny transferowej w przypadku pożyczek między podmiotami powiązanymi. W części teoretycznej zastosowane metody naukowe to krytyczny przegląd literatury, analiza krajowych aktów prawnych oraz wytycznych OECD. W części empirycznej przedstawiono wyznaczanie rynkowego poziomu cen pożyczek, bazując na zbiorze rzeczywiście udzielonych kredytów oraz danych statystycznych Narodowego Banku Polskiego, co było przedmiotem przygotowanej przez autorów dokumentacji cen transferowych. Badanie nie dało podstaw do odrzucenia hipotezy, wobec czego sformułowano wniosek, że stopień ryzyka ponoszonego przez pożyczkodawcę jest istotnym czynnikiem wpływającym na cenę udzielanej pożyczki i powinien być uwzględniany przy wyznaczaniu ceny transferowej w przypadku pożyczek między podmiotami powiązanymi. Badanie pokazało, że ustalanie rynkowego poziomu cen pożyczek przez samo porównanie ich z cenami innego finansowania dłużnego, bez uwzględnienia ryzyka, jest niewystarczające. Ten aspekt, wzbogacony empiryczną analizą wpływu ryzyka na ceny kapitału dłużnego, oraz sformułowanie zaleceń dotyczących właściwego sporządzania dokumentacji cen transferowych w przypadku transakcji pożyczek, to oryginalny wkład autorów.
“The Situation has Exposed Persons with Disabilities to Double Edged Pain”: People with Disabilities’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Uganda
Authors: Wickenden Mary , Rohwerder Brigitte , Shaw Jackie , Thompson Stephen , Wakoko Eric
Published: May 2021

This qualitative study was undertaken as part of the work of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) funded Inclusion Works programme which aims to improve inclusive employment for people with disabilities in four countries: Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria, Bangladesh. When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged early in 2020 the work of this consortium programme was adapted to focus on pandemic relief and research activities, while some other planned work was not possible.
Hyponatremia in Cancer Patients Hospitalized in a Palliative Care Department: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Ferraz Gonçalves José , Brandão Mariana , Arede Ana , Prucha Bárbara , Grilo Inês , Freitas Susete , Costa Isabel , Martins Olímpia , Araújo Vânia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Hyponatremia is frequent in cancer patients, as many studies carried out in these patients have shown. However, there are only a few studies carried out at the end of life and in palliative care. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia in cancer patients in the palliative care department of an oncology center and its association with survival.Material and Methods: The study included the first 300 patients hospitalized in the palliative care department in 2017. Survival was measured from the day of hospitalization until death.Results: Serum sodium was measured in 170 (59%) patients. The median serum concentration was 135 mmol/L (109 to 145). Among 91 (54%) patients, serum sodium was within the normal range, 59 (35%) had mild hyponatremia, 13 (8%) had moderate and seven (4%) had profound hyponatremia. The median survival was 13 days (1 to 1020). Serum sodium was not significantly associated with survival (p = 0.463). Regarding other variables, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was significantly associated with survival, while gender, age, primary cancer and number of metastatic sites were not.Conclusion: Hyponatremia is common in cancer patients receiving palliative care but did not seem to influence survival.
Problems of Raising Efficiency of Russia’s Participation in Russia–NATO Council
Authors: Belous V.
Published: May 2021

Until today one of the most important priorities of Russia in the sphere of security is the issue of relations with NATO. The NATO–Russia Council has to help to overcome the existing imbalances in the discussion of problems and differences in order to ensure a clear and systematic formulation of common interests. In general, the work of the Council should be aimed at preventing the appearance of unwanted changes for both parties, especially in the area of security. The article examines the relationship between the new Russia and the North Atlantic Alliance, the definitions of the role and place of Russia in the new Europe.
Global Economic Crisis and Migrants’ Labor Market
Authors: Tsapenko I.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the extent to which the deep recession of the economies of the developed countries at the end of the 2000s has caused crisis processes at the labor market. The author considers the effects of the recession in the segment of migrant labor arising from the nature of its operation. Also, it is explored how the continued flow of foreign labor affects the conditions of employment of local workers. It is shown that the crisis augmented the negative impact of immigration on working conditions and employment opportunities of local workers. However, it is concluded that in case of the economic recovery the immigration may help to expedite it.
Regional Innovation Policies in Great Britain
Authors: Chernomorova T.
Published: May 2021

United Kingdom (along with the United States and France) is among the countries that in their innovation policies focus on the leadership in science, on the implementation of large-scale projects, on covering all stages of the innovation cycle, usually with a significant amount of research and innovative capacity-building in the military field. The article is devoted to the development of science, technology and innovation in the UK, which is one of the main priorities of the economic policy of the British government. According to announced plans, the country should maintain and strengthen its leading position in the field of advanced technologies.
Regional Vector of Russia’s Integration Policy
Authors: Zagashvili V.
Published: May 2021

The advanced political integration of countries, which do not have enough economic background for it, will not spur the integration at the companies' level so much, as hinder a transition to more progressive forms of participation in the international labor division. On the contrary, inclusion in global structures is a promoting factor of their economies growth and diversification, which in addition will contribute to their mutual integration capacity building.
Integration of East Asian Summit Countries, and USA Interests
Authors: Arapova E.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the development of economic integration in Asian-Pacific Region. The author analyses integration structures created in the region (both formal and informal) and modern concepts of East Asian integration from the point of economic and political interests of its active participants, such as China and Japan. The research of the U.S. strategic interests takes a special place in the article as they have substantial economic and political potential to influence the development of integration in APR.
Brazil – Everyone Is on Their Own. Characteristics of Social Policy During the Covid-19 Crisis
Authors: Belous Y. , Likhacheva A.
Published: May 2021

The article is focused on the Brazil’s social policy before and during the first and the second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors highlight the specific features of the country’s social policy and at the social impact of the crisis, particularly looking at the example of the Brazilian criminal groups` participation in the fight against the pandemic. The article provides an overview of the measures adopted by the Brazilian Government to mitigate the negative consequences of COVID-19 in the social sphere. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the Brazilian response to the coronacrisis is low due to the structural imbalances accumulated before the outbreak of the pandemic. The article consists of three parts. The first analyses the main features of the country’s social policy before the outbreak of COVID-19. It reveals that Brazil’s social policy has already been struggling before the pandemic due to the effects of the 2015-2016 crisis. The second part of the article focuses on the anti-crisis measures adopted by the Brazilian Government during the pandemic and problems with implementing the anti-coronavirus plan in the social sphere. Examples of successful and failed experiences in the fight against the pandemic in Brazilian states are provided. The third part is devoted to the positions of the criminal groups on the issue of combating the pandemic, especially in the favelas that are the most vulnerable parts of the country. The specificity of Brazilian experience in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic relates to the growing influence of such non-state actors. The authors come to a conclusion that Brazilian response to the pandemic cannot be considered successful, despite numerous governmental initiatives to mitigate the crisis. The problems and shortcomings of the previous development do not allow Brazil to make an instant breakthrough in the field of social policy with emergency measures. The success of the proposed measures depends on the Brazilian Government's ability to address the structural problems in the social sphere.
Development of Chemistry Learning Videos in the Industries
Authors: Diniaty Artina
Published: May 2021

This study aims to develop chemistry learning videos in the industry and determine the feasibility of the developed learning videos. The development model used was adapted from the 4D development model which was carried out only up to the Develop stage. The research instrument used was the needs analysis instrument and the product feasibility assessment instrument. The needs analysis instrument is used to collect data on the analysis of needs and problems in the learning process in schools while the product feasibility assessment instrument is used to collect the feasibility assessment data for the learning video. The results showed that the chemistry learning videos developed were feasible to be used as a learning resource.
Genome Evolution from Random Ligation of RNAs of Autocatalytic Sets
Authors: Bröcker Felix
Published: May 2021

The evolutionary origin of the genome remains elusive. Here, I hypothesize that its first iteration, the protogenome, was a multi-ribozyme RNA. It evolved, likely within liposomes (the protocells) forming in dry-wet cycling environments, through the random fusion of ribozymes by a ligase and was amplified by a polymerase. The protogenome thereby linked, in one molecule, the information required to seed the protometabolism (a combination of RNA-based autocatalytic sets) in newly forming protocells. If this combination of autocatalytic sets was evolutionarily advantageous, the protogenome would have amplified in a population of multiplying protocells. It likely was a quasispecies with redundant information, e.g., multiple copies of one ribozyme. As such, new functionalities could evolve, including a genetic code. Once one or more components of the protometabolism were templated by the protogenome (e.g., when a ribozyme was replaced by a protein enzyme), and/or addiction modules evolved, the protometabolism became dependent on the protogenome. Along with increasing fidelity of the RNA polymerase, the protogenome could grow, e.g., by incorporating additional ribozyme domains. Finally, the protogenome could have evolved into a DNA genome with increased stability and storage capacity. I will provide suggestions for experiments to test some aspects of this hypothesis.
Impact of Climate Change on the Argan Biosphere Reserve (ABR) in Morocco
Authors: El Ghazali Hamza , Harrouni Cherif , Daoud Salma , Benoada Tlemçani Noureddine
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the effect of climate change on the regression of the Argan tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) woodland, focusing on the Argan Biosphere Reserve and especially in the Souss plain (Western Morocco). Rainfall and temperature data of four sites within the Argan Biosphere Reserve were analyzed over the last 60 years to assess any climatic change. Regression curves applied to the dataset showed an important decrease in rainfall (18 to 26 %) in the four locations as well as an increase in temperature (1 to 2 °C). These changes may have a detrimental effect on the Argan woodland although human factors have been reported to be the main factor of its regression. It can therefore be concluded that the reduction in rainfall and the increase in temperature should now be considered as factors of Argan woodland regression.
Model of Window Able to Create Regenerated Interior Cold Air Film
Authors: Majzoub Mahmoud
Published: May 2021

Building Engineering or Architectural engineering, is a major of science that deals with engineering aspects in buildings, such as structure, construction, site management, mechanical, electric, lighting, acoustic, and energy efficiency. Building engineering is one of unique sciences that is strongly connected with all other types of engineering majors. In addition, it is connected to human basic life directly, and its application is able to noticed easily. However, this research will focus on the field of energy efficiency and opening construction in buildings. The reason why building energy conservation grab more researchers ‘attention is the fact of its relation with all other engineering aspects, and it is a building property that is very important along building life cycle. Currently humanity are living in world that energy market is biggest market in the world after weapons(Levy 2010). Nevertheless, energy in middle east is an important factor, especially when we know that country like Saudi Arabia, 75% of inside energy consumption goes to residential buildings(Of and Audits n.d.). And the reason why these buildings consume that much refers to high usage of energy in building applications, and leak of using eco-friendly building material that able to reduce energy consumption in buildings.
Effectiveness of bacteriophage Pm3 and ciprofloxacin in treating experimental proteus infections in mice
Authors:   State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor, Obolensk, Russian Federation, Borzilov A.I. , Korobova O.V. ,   State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor, Obolensk, Russian Federation, Kombarova T.I. ,   State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor, Obolensk, Russian Federation, Myakinina V.P. ,   State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor, Obolensk, Russian Federation, Krasilnikova V.M. ,   State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor, Obolensk, Russian Federation, Verevkin V.V. ,   State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor, Obolensk, Russian Federation, Ganina E.A. ,   State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor, Obolensk, Russian Federation, Volozhantsev N.V. ,   State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor, Obolensk, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

In recent years, bacteriophages have been widely used to prevent and to treat various bacterial infections in humans. Lytic phages are often the only effective tool to combat multi-antibiotic resistant microorganisms. The high specificity of the bacteriophages allows avoiding negative effects on the human microbiome, making them more therapeutically attractive compared to broad-spectrum antibacterials. In our work, we evaluated therapeutic and prophylactic effects of bacteriophage Pm3 by using two models of Proteus-associated infection in mice, lethal sepsis and skin burn wound infection. Our results showed that a single preventive intraperitoneal administration of the phage at 108 PFU saved 90% of animals infected with a lethal dose of Proteus mirabilis M32. The course treatment of generalized Proteus infection initiated 1.5 hours after infection protected 80% of mice from death and was comparable to antibiotic therapy (90% therapeutic effect). Parenteral and external use of bacteriophage Pm3 for treating Proteus infection of burns showed a weak therapeutic effect manifested as decreased contamination of the wound surface with P. mirabilis M32 cells and prevention of infection invasion in some animals. Ciprofloxacin applied as a wound irrigation solution or subcutaneously gave a pronounced therapeutic effect: the wound surface and deep skin layers were sanitized in 100% of cases, and Proteus culture in the spleen and kidneys of the animals was absent. Thus, in vivo antibacterial activity of bacteriophage Pm3 was close to that of ciprofloxacin, but in preventing and treating Proteus-associated sepsis only. The phage is low effective in treating burn Proteus infection. Ciprofloxacin is highly effective in treating both Proteus-associated sepsis and skin thermal wound infections caused by P. mirabilis M32 in mice. Keywords: Proteus mirabilis, Proteus infection, sepsis, burn infection, mouse model, bacteriophage, phage therapy, ciprofloxacin
ELEVATED IL-8 LEVELS AS A PREDICTOR OF HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, VORONTSOVA IRINA A. , LOSKUTOVA EKATERINA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, VAKHITOV KHAKIM M. ,   Kazan State Medical University, VAKHITOVA LILIA F. ,   Kazan State Medical University, VALEEVA ILDARIAKH. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to find the relationship between changes in the level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and changes in the main indicators of the blood coagulation system.
EARLY AND LATE COMPLICATIONS OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL OVERLOAD IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTS
Authors:   Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, KAZAKOVA LARISA N. , DAVYDOVA NATALIYA V. ,   Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, OLEYNIKOVA NATALIYA M. ,   Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, NARYZHNAYA ELENA V. ,   Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, TERESHCHUK OKSANA S. ,   Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, SAYUTINA LARISA V. ,   Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky
Published: May 2021

Clinical observations show that one of the risk factors for the onset and progression of dental disease is extreme exposure.
IDIOPATHIC RECURRENT LUMBOSACRAL PLEXOPATHY (clinical case)
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, SAFINA DIANA R.
Published: May 2021

Idiopathic lumbosacral plexopathy is a disease characterized by lesions of the lumbar and/or sacral plexus that are not related to trauma, mass effect, or diabetes mellitus. Several cases of recurrent lumbosacral plexopathy have been described in the literature, but we found no indication for a painless form of recurrence, which is the reason why this clinical case was described.
INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROCOGNITIVE APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF MOTOR, COGNITIVE, AND EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN ENGAGED IN MUSIC: PRINCIPLES OF NEUROCORRECTION
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy, BELOUSOVA MARINA V. , MERKULOVA VERONICA A. ,   nstitute of Psychotherapy аnd Clinical Psychology, Moscow, FUTINA NATALIA V. ,   Children’s music school No 7 named after A.S. Klyucharev, Kazan, SHAMSUTDINOVA REZEDA F. ,   Сhildren Hospital No 8 named after prof. A.Y. Rathner, Kazan
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate common complaints in children learning music related to the feeling of motor stiffness, muscle discomfort, painful postural tension, difficulties in self-control, difficulty in differentiating body sensations, as well as – emotional difficulties before the performance, and cognitive difficulties arising from the study of music notation.
Chylomicronemia Mimicking an Infection During Emergent Fracture Surgery
Authors: Pieringer Alexander , Sprengel Kai , Pape Hans-Christoph , Neuhaus Valentin
Published: May 2021

Case:

A 36-year-old patient with chronic alcohol abuse and previous medical history of total hip arthroplasty suffered a fracture of the femoral shaft. During osteosynthesis, a milky fluid similar to purulent discharge emerged at multiple locations. Immediate Gram stains were negative, and the surgery was performed as planned. Laboratory tests showed massive elevated levels of triglycerides. During further workup, chylomicronemia syndrome was diagnosed.

Conclusion:

This case report shows that chylomicronemia syndrome can have an appearance during surgery similar to a purulent infection. Immediate Gram stains and laboratory work can identify the reason.
Native Hip Septic Arthritis in the Setting of Postpartum Gynecologic Infection
Authors: Maier Stephen P. , Wixted John J.
Published: May 2021

Case:

A 34-year-old healthy G3P3 woman, 1.5 weeks postpartum, presented with hip pain, fever, and a rash. Clinical examination, laboratory testing, and microbiologic cultures identified bacterial arthritis of the right hip; obstetric/gynecologic examination and cultures identified endometrial, vaginal, and urinary tract infections caused by the same pathogen, group A streptococcus, likely contracted from her 5-year-old son who had streptococcal pharyngitis. She underwent successful surgical decompression of the hip with concurrent medical management of toxic shock syndrome (TSS).

Conclusions:

Hematogenously spread septic arthritis may occur in the absence of positive blood cultures during the postpartum period, increasing the risk of developing TSS.
Immanent Transcendence in Western and Chinese Philosoph
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Maliavin Vladimir V.
Published: May 2021

The interest towards immanent reality indicates one of the most important land­marks in the modern history of philosophy. This turn presents a major challenge to philosophical reflection. It is practically impossible to discern immanence in its pure form and it is often suspected that in conjunction with transcendence it generates various forms of totalitarianism. Chinese philosophy provides a sys­tematic and viable concept of immanence grounded in auto-affect of life and its creative potential. It transcends both empirical experience and thought but is ac­cessible not through rational knowledge but by means of “self-abandonment” as an act of moral cultivation and spiritual enlightenment, essentially transindivid­ual. The author explores various aspects of immanence in Chinese thinking as well as its effects in Chinese culture, in particular the concepts of freedom and creativity. He claims, that the turn towards immanence is essential for the growth of truly global philosophy.
Alexander von Humboldt: the Outstanding Natural Scientist, the Silent Ideologist of Multiculturalism
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Barash Raisa Ed.
Published: May 2021

The author studies the reception of A. von Humboldt of the humanitarian prob­lems of his time. In his works Humboldt articulated many ideas of the just social order and even of multiculturalism. But despite great interest towards the natural science of the regions he visited, the researcher avoided public judgments about social problems of these states’ residents. A. Humboldt criticized many actual so­cial problems: aggressive cultural assimilation, colonialism, slavery, social in­equality etc., but avoided public demands of social transformations in the re­gions he visited. He either could reject any violent social transformations or looking for loyalty of the state’s authorities, that financed and organized his ex­peditions. A. Humboldt, the opponent of slavery, never once spoke critically about slavery in a personal conversation or correspondence with T. Jefferson. During his journey across Russia, the scientist was extremely careful in his judg­ments about the Russian bondmen. The inconsistency of the Humboldt’s per­sonal liberal position and his humanitarian blindness to socio-political problems illustrates the problem of the relationship between people of authority and people of knowledge, that was announce by F. Znanetsky. Humboldt who was primarily such a lay counselor just focused on his own academic research thar was his main priority.
W. von Humboldt’s Ideas as Locus Communis in Russian Philosophy (Casus of V. Weidle)
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Shchedrina Irina O.
Published: May 2021

The article substantiates the idea that the ideas of W. von Humboldt had a sig­nificant impact on the formation of the thematic priorities of the Russian philo­sophical, scientific and humanitarian thought of the 20th century. In all spheres, one way or another concerning the nature of language and art, his reasoning turned out to be strikingly relevant and consonant with the intellectual searches of Russian philosophers of the last century. Thus, his concept of the internal form of language becomes a locus communis in their scholarly communication. In this article, the author outlines the themes that make it possible to reveal the artistic-aesthetic, hermeneutic, and epistemological significance of the intel­lectual continuity that goes from Humboldt to Russian thinkers. In the works of G.G. Shpet, P.A. Florensky, S.N. Bulgakov, and other philosophers of the first half of the twentieth century, dealing with the problems of language and the Word as unique humanitarian objects, one way or another, there is a connec­tion with Humboldt’s reflections on art and language. It is noteworthy that in the second half of the twentieth century, the interest of Russian philosophers in the work of Humboldt did not weaken. This, in particular, is evidenced by the works of the representative of the philosophy of the Russian diaspora V.V. Weidle, in which the methodological transfer of Humboldt’s ideas from the linguistic sphere to the artistic-aesthetic and theoretical-cognitive tradition of Russian philosophy is effected.
Recomendaciones para fomentar la calidad en prácticas educativas mediadas por tecnologías digitales
Authors: Pabón-Correa María Camila , Barrera-Ochoa Laura Yaneth , Vergara-Santafe Sergio Alberto
Published: May 2021

El propósito de este artículo es generar una discusión sobre las recomendaciones dirigidas a fomentar la calidad en prácticas educativas mediadas por tecnologías digitales que se proponen en el libro escrito por la Red Universitaria para la Educación con Tecnología o RedÚnete1 , en la cual se encuentra afiliadas diversas instituciones de educación superior colombianas. Estas recomendaciones, discutidas en el Foro de Resultados de Aprendizaje y Calidad en la Educación, son el insumo para esta nueva edición de la revista Virtu@lmente, en la sección «De cara a los expertos», en la que se cuenta con la participación de varios expertos del sector de educación.
Investigation of LNG Underwater Release and Combustion Behavior on Water Surface
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30646, “Experimental Investigation of LNG Underwater Release and Combustion Behavior on the Water Surface,” by Yixiang Zhang, Jianlu Zhu, and Youmei Peng, China University of Petroleum, et al., prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Houston, 4-7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

Most liquefied natural gas (LNG) is transported by ship, creating opportunities for potential hazards to surrounding devices and the environment. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the characteristics of LNG underwater leakage and subsequent vapor flame. The paper considers transportation safety and risk evaluation for LNG, with emphasis on accidental release and vapor flame.

Introduction

The cryogenic nature of LNG, with a boiling point of -162°C, raises safety concerns with regard to vaporization gas hazards and the potential for pool fires. According to the literature devoted to LNG accidental release and spill, three puncture positions have been proposed: Category I, where the leakage point is above the water line; Category II, where the point is at or close to the water line; and Category III, where the point is below the water line. A need exists to investigate LNG underwater leakage and combustion behavior for risk assessment.

This work focuses on experimental research of the dynamic behavior of LNG jet release under water and the immediate burning on the water surface using three orifices and different crosswinds. The main points of investigation include the following:

- Liquid-rising process and microbehavior in the orifice

- Flame geometry on the water surface under crosswinds

- Flame-temperature distribution on the water surface

Experimental Setup Experimental Facilities.

Experiments were conducted in a rectangular tank measuring 1000 mm long, 500 mm wide, and 500 mm high, which was placed in a wind tunnel. The nozzles have diameters of 1, 3, and 5 mm in the middle of the discharge pipe. An inline cryogenic flow-meter with a measuring range of 0.06 - 0.6 m3/h was used to regulate the volume flow rate with an accuracy of 1.5 %. The pressure measurements were performed by a pressure gauge with a range from 0 to 4 MPa placed on the end of the discharged pipeline. The LNG jets were re-leased vertically into the bulk water at a depth of 0.6 m. Images were recorded using a high-speed video camera system.

Experimental Conditions.

The window was closed when LNG was released, and the discharged gas was quickly diffused from the wind tunnel. The temperature in the room was 17±1°C and 14±0.5°C in water. The relative humidity was approximately 50%. All tests were conducted three times.