bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Warfarin in Cirrhotic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheng Chunwei , Hua Juan , Xiong Liang
Published: November 2024

Objective

Currently, there is limited evidence regarding the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). We performed a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of DOACs versus warfarin in this population.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus databases from inception to August 2024. Clinical studies comparing the use of DOACs with warfarin in cirrhotic patients were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated by either fixed or random effects models. Primary efficacy outcomes were ischemic stroke/thromboembolism (IS/TE) and all-cause death, the primary safety outcomes were the bleeding risks.

Results

Sixteen studies were included (16 829 individuals). DOACs had similar benefits in preventing IS/TE (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.69-1.10), but DOACs were significantly associated with reduced risk of all-cause death (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79-0.97). On the other hand, we observed significantly reduced risks of any bleeding (HR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.37-0.95), major bleeding (HR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.63-0.82), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (HR = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.30-0.73), and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60-0.87) in patients receiving DOACs. Results were consistent in cirrhotic patients with AF. Furthermore, DOACs reduced the incidence of major bleeding (HR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.55-0.78) and ICH (HR = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.04-0.76) in patients with moderate to severe cirrhosis.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that DOACs, compared with warfarin, exerted comparable efficacy and better safety and may represent a safer alternative to warfarin in cirrhotic patients.
Adaptive neural control for a class of random nonlinear Markov jump multi-agent systems with full state constraints
Authors: Yao Yuhang , Yuan Jiaxin , Chen Tao , Yang Hui
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a consensus control protocol based on the adaptive backstepping technique for a class of random Markov jump multi-agent systems (MASs) with full state constraints. Each agent is described by the high-order random nonlinear uncertain system driven by random differential equations, where the random noise is the second-order stationary stochastic process. First, a distributed tracking controller is designed for Markov jump MASs, effectively handling the interaction and coupling terms between agents. Second, an appropriate tan-type barrier Lyapunov function is selected to keep the agents’ states from the violation of constraint boundaries, and the unknown nonlinear terms with Markov jump parameters are approximated by neural networks (NNs) theory. Moreover, to address the differential explosion problem, the extended state observer (ESO) is first introduced instead of employing NNs approximation or command filtering techniques. Finally, the exponentially noise-to-state stability in mean square is proved rigorously through the Lyapunov method, which guarantees all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded in probability and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood around zero. Simulations are given to demonstrate the feasibility of theoretical results.
Challenges in Snakebite Management in India: Insights from a Physician Survey with Special Focus on Kerala and treatment of bites by Hump-nosed Pit Vipers (Hypnale spp.)
Authors: Abraham Siju V. , Paul Sarah , Mathew Deo , Rajeev Punchalil Chathappan , Paul Martin V. , Davis Clint
Published: November 2024

Background

India has a high incidence of snakebite-related mortality, making effective snakebite management crucial. This study aimed to explore current practices, challenges, and opportunities for improvement in snakebite management across India.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among physicians in India covering aspects such as scope of practice, snake identification, first aid measures, institutional management, and specific management practices for hump-nosed pit viper ( Hypnale hypnale) bites. The survey included 37 questions across 5 sections, with data collected via emails, professional networks, and online platforms. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 23 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY), and manual thematic analysis was applied to open-ended responses.

Results

The survey revealed a discrepancy between physicians’ confidence and accuracy in snake identification, with some still reporting outdated first aid and treatment practices. Despite recognizing the importance of snake species identification, a significant portion of respondents incorrectly identified the snakes. The study highlighted variability in institutional practices for snakebite management, such as administering prophylactic antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis and monitoring periods for asymptomatic patients. In managing H hypnale viper bites, a demand for specific guidelines and a monovalent antivenom was evident because the current polyvalent antivenom is ineffective for this species.

Conclusions

The survey emphasizes the need for improved training in snake identification, standardized treatment protocols, and the development of region-specific antivenoms. It emphasizes the necessity of updating guidelines to address the unique challenges of snakebite management in India, particularly for species not covered by existing antivenoms.
Whole Slide Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning in Pediatric and Perinatal Pathology: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Hutchinson J. Ciaran , Picarsic Jennifer , McGenity Clare , Treanor Darren , Williams Bethany , Sebire Neil J.
Published: November 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare is becoming increasingly mainstream. Leveraging digital technologies, such as AI and deep learning, impacts researchers, clinicians, and industry due to promising performance and clinical potential. Digital pathology is now a proven technology, enabling generation of high-resolution digital images from glass slides (whole slide images; WSI). WSIs facilitates AI-based image analysis to aid pathologists in diagnostic tasks, improve workflow efficiency, and address workforce shortages. Example applications include tumor segmentation, disease classification, detection, quantitation and grading, rare object identification, and outcome prediction. While advancements have occurred, integration of WSI-AI into clinical laboratories faces challenges, including concerns regarding evidence quality, regulatory adaptations, clinical evaluation, and safety considerations. In pediatric and developmental histopathology, adoption of AI could improve diagnostic efficiency, automate routine tasks, and address specific diagnostic challenges unique to the specialty, such as standardizing placental pathology and developmental autopsy findings, as well as mitigating staffing shortages in the subspeciality. Additionally, AI-based tools have potential to mitigate medicolegal implications by enhancing reproducibility and objectivity in diagnostic evaluations. An overview of recent developments and challenges in applying AI to pediatric and developmental pathology, focusing on machine learning methods applied to WSIs of pediatric pathology specimens is presented.
Analysis of the Natural Course of Quiescent Macular Neovascularization with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Delibay Akgun Yeliz , Kurt Emin , Altinisik Muhammed
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the natural progression of quiescent macular neovascularization (qMNV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods

The study monitored 30 eyes of 28 qMNV patients over a period of at least six months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCTA were used to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses, noting any cases of activation during follow-up.

Results

Among the 30 eyes (14 female, mean age 69.70 ± 7.63 years), 21 had age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and 9 had pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). The mean follow-up duration was 18.9 months. There were no significant changes in qualitative morphological features, BCVA, or choroidal thickness ( p > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant increase in the areas of MNV and flow ( p = 0.043 and p = 0.018, respectively). BCVA and MNV area showed no significant correlation ( p = 0.103). Four cases (13.33%) showed activation after an average follow-up period of 27.75 months (6 to 48). Additionally, extrafoveal location was identified as a significant risk factor for exudation ( p = 0.033).

Conclusion

OCTA is a valuable tool for monitoring qMNV and identifying potential predictors of disease activation. The qMNV area may increase over time, even in the absence of activation. Extrafoveal location appears to be a potential risk factor for qMNV activation.
Procalcitonin Guided Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Kiya Girum Tesfaye , Asefa Elsah Tegene , Abebe Gemeda , Mekonnen Zeleke
Published: November 2024

Despite infection and sepsis being a major public health challenge, early detection and timely management are often hindered by several factors. These includes the similarity of clinical presentations between infectious and non-infectious conditisons, as well as limitations of current diagnostic methods such as lengthy turnaround times and low sensitivity. Consequently, there is increasing interest in identifying biomarkers that can quickly and accurately differentiate bacterial sepsis from other inflammatory processes, whether infectious or non-infectious. Procalcitonin has emerged as one of the most extensively studied and utilized biomarkers in managing infection and sepsis, especially within the framework of antibiotic stewardship. This review aims to examine the role of Procalcitonin in guiding antibiotic stewardship. It explores the production and release of procalcitonin and its relevance in the context of infection and sepsis. The discussion focus on the clinical and economic impacts of using procalcitonin to guide the initiation and discontinuation of antibiotics in managing these conditions.
Assessing the Effects of HbA1c Reduction on Alleviating Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain in Prediabetic Non-obese Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hasan Ghazwan Abdulla , Al-Obaidi Ahmed Dheyaa , Hashim Hashim Talib , Najah Al-Obaidi Mustafa , Al-Saady Yousif Ali , Othman Assalah , Khunda Sara S. , Saab Omar , Al-Obaidi Hasan , Merza Nooraldin
Published: November 2024

Background:

Pre-diabetes, characterized by elevated glycemic indices, poses a high risk of diabetes development, and is increasingly linked to non-specific low back pain. While mechanisms remain incompletely understood, metabolic, inflammatory, and neurological factors are implicated. Dietary interventions, including low-glycemic and anti-inflammatory diets, alongside weight management, may improve outcomes in this population.

Objectives:

In this non-randomized controlled trial, we aim to evaluate the influence of decreasing HbA1c levels on reducing chronic non-specific low back pain in pre-diabetic, non-obese individuals, as well as emphasizing the importance of such a study in supporting the literature.

Methods:

A non-randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial was conducted among 82 participants with chronic non-specific low back pain and pre-diabetes at an outpatient clinic in Baghdad from the 30th of January to the 22nd of September. The intervention methods aimed at reducing HbA1c levels to assess the reduction impact on alleviating chronic non-specific low back pain included dietary adjustments, sleep optimization, and correction of vitamins and minerals deficiencies. The follow-up process was conducted individually for each participant, with a monthly assessment over a period of six months.

Results:

At 12 weeks a significant decrease in chronic non-specific low back pain severity was observed in patients with lower HbA1C levels yielding a P-value of .021. Similarly, at 24 weeks there was a decline in the number of patients who reported chronic non-specific low back pain, and the association to lower HbA1C levels was significant with a p-value of .005.

Conclusion:

This study suggests the presence of a statistically significant association between reduction of HbA1C levels and ensuing improvement in chronic non-specific low back pain symptoms in non-obese prediabetic patients.
Provocative spatial exclusion and missed opportunities: Complaints of discrimination filed against gender separatist spaces in Sweden
Authors: Linander Ida , Sandberg Linda
Published: November 2024

Today, we see many different forms of separatists and what may be a safe place for some may be provocative for others. In this article, we focus on separatist spaces, by analysing complaints submitted to the Equality Ombudsman, a governmental agency that supervises compliance with the Discrimination Act in Sweden. Through these complaints, we explore expressions of resistance to separatist spaces and how exclusion from such spaces is understood and made sense of. Hence, the aim is to, through analysis of complaints about perceived discrimination, explore which spaces and contexts are perceived as discriminatory and who is argued to be discriminated against. This analysis shows a clear pattern in how the complaints are filed against three different categories of places and contexts for women (gyms/swimming baths, The Statement Festival and contexts/networks for women). It is noteworthy that only one complaint is directed against a men-only space. The discussion focuses on how the definition of what constitutes discrimination spans between spatial exclusion to missed opportunities, how the complaints differ in terms of being expressions of personal experiences or a matter of principle, and finally, how the complainants argue that separatist spaces are constructing gender in specific ways. In conclusion, the complaints frame the gender separatist strategy as inherently exclusionary to men, threatening to their masculinity, unjustly portraying them as dangerous, and with complainants often casting boys and men as victims. Some of these complaints align with anti-feminist agendas, and some intersect with racist discourses about which groups of men that are to be perceived as dangerous.
Optimization of cycloid wheel shaping based on thermal mixed lubrication and wear characteristics
Authors: Xia Xiaotian , Han Ju
Published: November 2024

The cycloid pinwheel mechanism plays a key role in the function of RV reducers, making the lubrication and wear characteristics of the cycloid tooth profile vital areas of research. This study uses the RV-20E reducer as a case study to analyze the time-varying contact force and relative velocity between the cycloid wheel and the pinwheel, factoring in the system's dynamic properties. A transient contact model for thermal mixed lubrication of the cycloid tooth profile was developed, incorporating friction and temperature rise, and was based on a rough surface model of the dynamic bonding interface. This model enabled the calculation of oil film thickness, contact stress, and wear volume at the interface between the cycloid wheel and the pinwheel. Additionally, the study assessed the impact of traditional shaping methods on wear characteristics and derived a fitted cycloid tooth profile for the profile grinding process. These findings provide valuable insights into improving the lifespan of RV reducers.
What ifs: The role of imagining in people’s reflections on data uses
Authors: Ditchfield Hannah , Oman Susan , Kennedy Helen , Frątczak Monika , Bates Jo , Taylor Mark , Medina-Perea Itzelle
Published: November 2024

This paper explores how non-experts reflect on and come to understand ‘data uses’, a phrase we used to refer to data collection, analysis and sharing. In recent years, research into what people think and feel about data uses has proliferated, whereas this paper focuses on how they do their thinking and feeling. We argue that imagining – that is, building or creating a mental image of something that is not present – is an important aspect of reflecting on data uses. We challenge the proposition that imagining takes place when there is a gap in knowledge or a lack of information, arguing instead that imagining plays an agentic role in reflection, enabling critical questioning of data uses. We draw on qualitative research carried out in the UK, in which we provided information about specific public sector data uses and asked participants how they felt about them. We found that imaginings, or ‘what ifs’, exist in a complex entanglement with different knowledges, including experiential knowledge.
Mid-term effect of customized graduated elastic compression stockings for managing occupational edema: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Sheng-Xing , Yang Wen-Tao , Jin Zhen-Yi , Wen Jia-Hao , Ren Hua-Liang , Xiong Ying , Tao Xiao-Ming , Li Chun-Min
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

This study compared the effectiveness of customized graduated elastic compression stockings (c-GECS) based on individual lower-leg parameter models with standard graduated elastic compression stockings (s-GECS) in patients with occupational edema (OE).

Methods:

A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 70 patients with OE, randomly assigned to the c-GECS or s-GECS group. Follow-up assessments were performed at 1 and 3 months. Primary outcomes comprised visual analog scale scores (1–10) for lower-limb symptoms and comfort level of GECS. Secondary outcomes included GECS usage duration, calf volume, and interface pressure at B and C points (B: minimal ankle circumference point; C: maximum calf circumference point).

Results:

Both groups exhibited significant improvements in pain, heaviness, and swelling symptoms at the 1- and 3-month follow up. At the 3-month follow up, the c-GECS group showed significantly superior improvement in symptoms. Comfort assessment revealed that c-GECS (16.2 ± 2.9) provided significantly greater comfort than s-GECS (13.6 ± 3.2) ( p < 0.001). However, the two groups showed no significant difference in GECS wear duration. At 3 months, the c-GECS group showed superior maintenance of stocking tension at point B ( p = 0.018). Both types of GECS significantly reduced calf volume at both time points, with no notable difference between the groups.

Conclusion:

c-GECS effectively alleviated pain, heaviness, and swelling symptoms in patients with OE. Although c-GECS did not exhibit a clear advantage in reducing calf volume as compared to s-GECS, it provided more stable and enduring pressure, enhanced the overall fit of GECS, and improved comfort during wear. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry No. ChiCTR2100042894.
Influence of laser energy on weld quality during blue laser spot-welding of electrical steel laminations
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Tang Zijue , Xiao Yakai , Liu Chang , Liu Xingtian , Wu Yi , Wang Haowei , Wang Hongze
Published: November 2024

Blue laser spot welding electrical steel can improve material absorption, stabilise the molten pool and reduce heat input. The influence of process parameters on the welding quality of blue laser spot welding electrical steel is investigated. With the increase of laser power, a ‘single hump’ molten pool was generated. At the power of 1000 W, the melting mode changed, and the plume appeared above the molten pool. The maximum penetration depth was 0.75 mm (laser power 1000 W, pulse time 1 s). Higher laser energy led to a continuous increase in the proportion of columnar grains, exceeding 45% at 1000 J. Finally, higher laser power and pulse time enhanced the connection and bonded area of laminations.
Self-identification of autism: Why some autistic adults lack a clinical diagnosis and why this matters for inclusion
Authors: Ardeleanu Katherine , Steinberg Hillary , Garfield Tamara , Voltaire Samuelle , Shea Lindsay , Brown Maci , Chvasta Kyle , Tan Catherine Do
Published: November 2024

Autism research and services have historically focused on individuals with a formal autism diagnosis. However, activists and self-advocates in the United States recognize that there are financial and clinical barriers impeding access to formal diagnostic evaluations for autism. Research also suggests that groups on the margins of autism, specifically those who are not White, young, or assigned male at birth, receive later diagnoses, if diagnosed at all. In particular, individuals who are autistic and LGTBQ+ are likely to not be afforded opportunities to be assessed and diagnosed. We conducted interviews with 65 queer and transgender autistic adults who either self-identified as autistic or had a formal autism diagnosis about their experiences with and perceptions of autism diagnosis. We found that participants derived a sense of meaning and affirmation from their autistic diagnosis and/or identity, faced significant barriers and deterrents to diagnosis, and experienced invalidation as both a barrier to and product of diagnosis. We argue that self-identified autistic individuals provide valuable context and data for many of the social processes and preferences reported by autistic people. We offer recommendations for research and services, specifically that many should not require formal autism diagnoses of participants.

Lay abstract

Most autism research and services focus on individuals with formal autism diagnoses. However, autism activists and self-advocates have raised awareness about the challenges that can prevent individuals from seeking or getting an autism diagnosis. We interviewed 65 queer and transgender adults who either self-identified as autistic without a formal diagnosis or who had a formal autism diagnosis. We found that participants made meaning of their autistic diagnosis and/or identity and found affirmation in this, faced significant barriers and deterrents to getting diagnosed, and experienced invalidation as both a barrier to and product of diagnosis. Due to the challenges that individuals face in getting a diagnosis, we recommend that researchers and advocates consider including self-identified autistic individuals in research and services.
Immigration detention as a shadow carceral system
Authors: Ryo Emily
Published: November 2024

Immigration detention plays a critical role in maintaining the ever-expanding machinery of immigration enforcement. Yet, producing public knowledge about immigration detention remains a very difficult task. This article describes how immigration detention as a shadow carceral system trades in invisibility, instability, and inscrutability. These structural features that characterize immigration detention systems across different national and regional contexts present many challenges for researchers. Drawing on my review of the current empirical scholarship on immigration detention, as well as my own struggles as a researcher in this field, I argue that bringing light to immigration detention systems requires scholars to tap into a more diverse array of data sources and types, leverage mixed methods to a greater degree, and break the academic code of silence on missteps and mistakes in research process.
The protective power of dissent? A longitudinal study on cognitive and socio-emotional determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among young people in Canada
Authors: Miconi Diana , Levinsson Anna , Kafi Mohammed Abdullah Heel , Ngov Cindy , Santavicca Tara , Rousseau Cécile
Published: November 2024

COVID-19 has elicited polarized reactions to public health measures, fueling anti-vaccination movements worldwide which indicate that vaccine hesitancy represents a common expression of dissent. We investigate changes in cognitive (i.e., trust in government, conspiracy beliefs, vaccine attitudes, and other COVID-19-related factors) and socio-emotional factors (i.e., psychological distress and social support) over time, and examine if these factors are associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A sample of Canadian young adults ( N = 2,695; 18 to 40 years old) responded to an online survey in May/June 2021 (after the first vaccination campaign) and then in November 2021 (after vaccine mandates were introduced). Based on survey answers, participants were categorized as “not hesitant”, “hesitant”, and “do not intend to get vaccinated” at each time point. Results from generalized estimating equation models indicate that vaccination hesitancy decreased over time. The importance attributed to specific COVID-19-related factors (e.g., research and science about COVID-19 vaccines, opinions of friends and family) decreased whereas psychological distress increased over time. Cognitive and socio-emotional factors were associated with vaccine hesitancy, with participants who did not intend to get vaccinated reporting the lowest psychological distress scores. We argue that dissent may be an empowering way for young people to restore a sense of personal agency via the opposition to a system perceived as illegitimate and/or unfair. These results raise important questions about potential collateral effects of top-down government and public health interventions in times of crisis.
Vlogging as mediated mobility: Warm Experts 3.0 engaging in peer production and digital labor in the era of short videos
Authors: Li Yongjian
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the caregiving dynamics in the vlogs of Houniao vloggers on the Chinese short video platform Douyin. This article contextualizes the vlogging practices of these individuals within the sociocultural landscape of contemporary China, suggesting that vlogging acts as a medium for mediated mobility, enabling these vloggers to assume the role of ‘warm experts’. This study analyzes 50 tutorial videos produced by Chinese Houniao vloggers, revealing three interconnected themes: (1) the presence of digital care labor in the peer production of vlogs, (2) the necessity of relational labor to facilitate intragenerational connections, and (3) the complexities of managing visibility in an environment governed by platform algorithms. These findings depict Houniao vloggers as ‘ Warm Experts 3.0’, highlighting the potential of digital platforms to support active aging and promote inclusive societal engagement. Central to their role as warm experts, peer production emerges as a fundamental characteristic, underpinning the collaborative and community-focused nature of their digital interactions. Future research should explore the application of this prompted model across diverse communities, spanning both online and offline contexts.
Only a game? The politics of football, the English Premier League, and its wider international relations: A critical research agenda for the next 25 years
Authors: Webber David M
Published: November 2024

Despite its near-universal popularity, economic significance, and political power, football (or ‘soccer’) remains, save for a few notable exceptions, on the margins of political studies, international relations, and international political economy. This article, written to mark twenty-five years of the BJPIR, reflects upon the remarkable growth of the English Premier League during this same period, and considers how the conceptual toolkits of these disciplines might explain this growth trajectory and those fault-lines that have emerged as a result of its own dominant position across the globe. By building the case for those working within these disciplines to take seriously the politics, IR and IPE of football, this piece offers a research agenda designed to encourage colleagues to consider ways that their own scholarship might be extended to interrogate those power relations and various sites of political struggle that will be present within football over the next twenty-five years.
Synthesis, fabrication and tribo-mechanical studies of microcapsules filled and Al2O3/glass fibre reinforced UHMWPE based self-lubricating and self-healing composites
Authors: Pandey Sandeep Kumar , Gupta Rajeev Nayan , Singh Manvandra Kumar
Published: November 2024

Development of composites containing both self-lubricating and self-healing (SLSH) characteristics is a nascent area of research for applications where direct lubrication is discouraged such as marine, textile, and food processing industries. For instance, SLSH composites may enhance the longevity of propeller shafts, bearings, and other dynamic components in such applications. The present work focuses on the synthesis of microcapsules with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a core and polysulfone as a shell material, using the solvent evaporation method. The composites were fabricated by blending synthesized microcapsules in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix via injection moulding technique. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (3–12 wt.%) and glass fibres (10 wt.%) were also used as reinforcements. Flexural and tensile tests of the fabricated composites were conducted to evaluate their mechanical properties. Tribological behaviour was also investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The polymer composites with a constant dose of 10 wt.% glass fibre and 5 wt.% microcapsules along with 6 wt.% Al2O3 exhibit the best performance. The maximum reductions in wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) are 45.28% and 54.47%, respectively, as compared to the base matrix. Moreover, flexural and tensile strength increased by 43.55% and 39.77%, respectively. The worn surfaces exhibited fractured microcapsules which acted as SLSH agents, due to the high thermal stability of the polysulfone shell and release of the solid core. Various analytical tools, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), are employed in this study.
The tiptoe to crypto: An analysis and account of property in cryptocurrency
Authors: Clover Alcolea Lucas , Mihal Jan
Published: November 2024

This paper argues that cryptocurrency, including cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, should be understood as qualified property. We build up support for this claim in three stages: first, we outline the diversity of cryptocurrencies, a diversity which is underappreciated in the current literature. We then outline the importance of theoretical presuppositions which operate in the ‘cryptocurrencies as property’ debate. This is followed by a detailed critique of established positions. We explore the shortcomings of three commonly-held views in the debate: that cryptocurrencies are property, belonging to a third category of personal property beyond the choses in possession/choses in action distinction; that cryptocurrencies are property and belong to the category of choses in action; and, lastly, that cryptocurrencies are not property at all. We then develop a new analysis of property in cryptocurrencies, taking into account both the variety of cryptocurrencies which exist and capturing the doctrine operating currently in property law, including its theoretical underpinnings. Through understanding rights in property as relative, and property itself as a scale, we avoid the shortcomings of other popular accounts whose shortcomings we identify, and show that cryptocurrencies are a form of choses in possession – namely, qualified property.
Supports for Discipline-Specific Reading in Introductory Psychology
Authors: Vilma Taneisha , Nuccio Daniel A. , Durik Amanda M. , Britt M. Anne
Published: November 2024

Introductory psychology students need supports to read and think in a discipline-specific way when learning psychology theories. We tested the effectiveness of using a task-model steps chart to help students understand, evaluate, and use theories presented in their introductory psychology textbook and lecture videos. We randomly assigned 52 undergraduates enrolled in an asynchronous online introductory psychology course to either the task-model steps chart (experimental) or a business-as-usual assignment (control) section of the course. The outcome measures were Exams 2 and 3 and applied-summary activities. Results demonstrated that although scores were not different between the two conditions at the middle of the course (Exam 2), students in the experimental condition performed better than students in the control condition on Exam 3 on non-targeted (transfer) items and the applied summaries. This study provides initial evidence of the value of supporting students’ disciplinary-specific understanding of the role of theories and studies in psychology. This task-model steps chart is a general tool that can be adapted to help introductory students read and think in psychology.
Arterial Duplex Assessment of Brachial Artery Aneurysm Repaired With Resection and Reverse Saphenous Vein Graft Bypass
Authors: Peterson Devin , Hsin Matthew , Nyholm Calli , Vea Yolanda
Published: November 2024

A rare vascular pathology, true brachial artery aneurysms make up just 0.17% of peripheral artery aneurysm cases. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) as well as AVF ligation carry a risk of resulting in the rare late complication of brachial artery aneurysms. Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old man with a history of AVF ligation who developed a brachial artery aneurysm assessed perioperatively with duplex Doppler ultrasound.
Bridging the Assessment Gaps: The Engaged Validation of Adaptive Leadership Behavior and Self-Awareness Scales
Authors: Shams Keyhan , Steffensmeier Timothy R. , Wefald Andrew J.
Published: November 2024

Effective measurement of adaptive leadership remains a challenge within leadership development programs (LDPs). This challenge is intensified by a gap between the theoretical concepts taught and the assessment tools employed, and by the divergence between developers and users of these tools. This study addresses these gaps by development of two new scales: Adaptive Leadership Behavior (ALB) with four factors and Adaptive Leadership Self-Awareness (ALSA) with three factors. In a collaborative validation process with a Midwestern non-profit leadership center, this research helps bridge the teaching-assessment gap by closely aligning the scales with the theoretical underpinnings of Heifetz's adaptive leadership. The findings empirically demonstrate that certain components of adaptive leadership, once seen merely as practices, are crucial for impact assessment. The scales measure key competencies such as seeking perspectives, surfacing conflict, making space for multiple perspectives, and acting experimentally, along with awareness of needs, defaults, and purpose. This study tackles the long-standing challenge of demonstrating the impact of adaptive leadership programs and interventions. It offers insights for future leadership research and skill development.
Toward space architecture resilience: a system-theoretic framework for analysis and design
Authors: Sommer Eric T , Johnson Kip E , Montes Daniel R
Published: November 2024

As space-based systems have developed to provide numerous critical capabilities for defense applications, the systems designed to disrupt them have developed as well. Therefore, it is imperative to design, operate, and sustain space architectures for resilience. However, there are limited methodologies available which incorporate adversarial threats for the analysis and design of resilient space architectures. This paper recommends a System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) framework to qualitatively analyze space architectures and identify design considerations, requirements, and constraints required for resilience. The study demonstrates the analysis framework on a notional remote sensing architecture subjected to a set of adversarial threats. The resulting framework provides (1) a process to assess space architectures for loss scenarios involving adversary threats and (2) a process to determine system behavioral constraints and mitigations to ensure system resilience.
Urgent Versus Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Following Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage for Moderate Acute Cholecystitis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yaermaimaiti Musa , Miersalijiang Abudukeremu , Wang Xue-Jun , Zhu Jian-Kang , Wang Hong-Cheng
Published: November 2024

Background

There is still controversy regarding the treatment strategy for moderate acute cholecystitis (AC). Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) followed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has shown advantages compared to emergency LC (ELC). However, the results are controversial. Therefore, we conducted this updated meta-analysis to clarify this issue.

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies comparing the PTGBD + LC and ELC for moderate AC was performed. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata.

Results

A total of 14 studies were included. The pooled analysis revealed that PTGBD + LC group had a shorter operation time (SMD = −1.07, 95%CI = −1.19 to −0.95), lower amount of intraoperative bleeding (SMD = −0.93, 95%CI = −1.07 to −0.79), lower conversion rate (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.17-0.44), lower postoperative complications (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23-0.88) shorter postoperative hospital stay (SMD = −1.20, 95%CI = −1.33 to −1.07), lower wound infection rate (OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.23-0.74) and higher hospitalization expenses (SMD = 1.13, 95%CI = 0.96 to 1.29) compared with ELC group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bile leak, bile duct injury and total hospital stay.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggested that PTGBD + LC has significant advantages over ELC for moderate AC patients, including lower surgical difficulty, lower conversion rate, fewer postoperative complications, and shorter hospital stay.
Disability, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation: An Intersectional Analysis Assessing Perceived Threat of Hate Crimes
Authors: Pyo Jimin , Hayes Brittany E.
Published: November 2024

The current study examines the intersections between disability, gender identity, and sexual orientation in relation to the perceived threat of hate crimes against these identities. Results based on a purposive sample of 1824 adults recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk show that persons with a disability perceive greater threat of hate crimes. When considering disability with gender identity and sexual orientation, perceived threat is exacerbated when persons with a disability also identify as gender and sexual minorities. Findings suggest that the perceived threat of hate crimes can be compounded when persons with a disability also belong to other marginalized groups.
Repair of palmar soft tissue defects of five digits in the same hand using a variety of free flaps
Authors: Li Muwei , Wu Gong , Zhang Zhe
Published: November 2024

Palmar soft tissue defects of the digits are common. Severe multiple digit palmar soft tissue defects can lead to dysfunction and are difficult to treat. We report a case in which a variety of flaps were applied to repair the palmar soft tissue defects of five digits.

Level of evidence: V
Advanced Security Strategies for Software Vulnerability Protection: A Multi-Scale Detection Model With FPGA-RFID
Authors: Wang Yunze , Xing Dan , Xu Man
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a multi-scale software vulnerability detection model using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) target recognition technology and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware design. The systematic analysis of RFID systems and FPGA architectures provides the foundation for constructing robust security solutions against code-based threats. The Scalable Vulnerability Detection Method (SVDM) is developed leveraging multi-scale code metrics and deep feature extraction techniques. The evaluations of vulnerability datasets CWE-119 and CWE-399 demonstrated over 84% accuracy, recall, and F1 score. The precision, recall, and F1 score of the CWE-399 vulnerability dataset in the SVDM were 85.15%, 85.12%, and 84.79%, respectively, while the values of the CWE-199 dataset were 83.12%, 82.16%, and 82.38%, respectively. Compared with existing methods, the functionality of SVDM was further highlighted. This research provides an extensible and adaptable framework for identifying security vulnerabilities with both hardware and software techniques. It can optimize threat detection, risk analysis, and system integrity across software development and operation life cycles, providing technical reference and scientific support for the security protection of software vulnerabilities, while promoting the development of industries such as intelligent monitoring and traceability.
Veterans’ health
Authors: Hindmarsh David , Smith Colonel Michael , Simpson (Retired) Brigadier Robin
Published: November 2024

Military veterans represent around 3.8% of the population, and may have specific needs that differ from the general population. The occupational demands of service life often lead to earlier onset of musculoskeletal problems, medical conditions and psychological sequalae from conflict zones. Most service personnel are fortunate to have a support network with easy access to medical care and sophisticated social prescribing. For many, the transition into civilian life is challenging and may disrupt support networks and continuity of medical care leading to the exacerbation of some physical and mental health conditions. The veteran may have a past medical history necessitating transfer to ‘civilian life’ this needs to be carefully explored. This article aims to cover specific mental health, physical health and administrative issues that may arise when dealing with the veteran and aims to inform and smooth the transition into civilian life from a medical perspective.
Enhancing clinical decision-making in endometrial cancer through deep learning technology: A review of current research
Authors: Jiang Xuji , Feng Chuanli , Sun Wanying , Feng Lianlian , Hao Yiping , Liu Qingqing , Cui Baoxia
Published: November 2024

Endometrial cancer (EC), a growing malignancy among women, underscores an urgent need for early detection and intervention, critical for enhancing patient outcomes and survival rates. Traditional diagnostic approaches, including ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hysteroscopy, and histopathology, have been essential in establishing robust diagnostic and prognostic frameworks for EC. These methods offer detailed insights into tumor morphology, vital for clinical decision-making. However, their analysis relies heavily on the expertise of radiologists and pathologists, a process that is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also prone to human error. The emergence of deep learning (DL) in computer vision has significantly transformed medical image analysis, presenting substantial potential for EC diagnosis. DL models, capable of autonomously learning and extracting complex features from imaging and histopathological data, have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in discriminating EC and stratifying patient prognoses. This review comprehensively examines and synthesizes the current literature on DL-based imaging techniques for EC diagnosis and management. It also aims to identify challenges faced by DL in this context and to explore avenues for its future development. Through these detailed analyses, our objective is to inform future research directions and promote the integration of DL into EC diagnostic and treatment strategies, thereby enhancing the precision and efficiency of clinical practice.
Quality assessment of medicines in selected resource-limited primary healthcare facilities using low- to medium-cost field testing digital technologies
Authors: Opuni Kwabena FM , Sunkwa-Mills Gifty , Antwi Maxwell A , Squire Antoinette , Afful George Y , Rinke de Wit Tobias F , Kretchy Irene A
Published: November 2024

Background

Digital technologies can assess the quality of medicines in resource-challenged health facilities in a timely manner and ensure effective healthcare.

Objectives

This study assessed the quality of some non-communicable disease medicines, antimalarials, antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hematinics in selected healthcare facilities as part of their (potential) participation in a digital pharmaceutical supply chain management system (Med4All).

Methods

All the sampled medicines were screened using TruScan analyzer and GPHF-minilab, that is , low-medium field technologies. The quality of a representative subset of the medicines (∼11%) was determined using pharmacopoeia gold standard methods.

Results

About 75% of the medicines were manufactured in Ghana, and 16% were imported from India, with the Ghana Food and Drugs Authority registering 72% of the medicines. There was over 90% availability of medicines in health facilities from the middle and southern sectors, while the northern sector had around 64%. Approximately 87% and 88% of the medicines passed TruScan™ Raman and GPHF-minilab analysis, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two screening methods for assessing the quality of the medicines ( p > 0.05). Of the 21 medicine samples, 5 (∼24%) failed, and 16 (76%) passed the pharmacopoeia test. The failed medicines were diclofenac, azithromycin and glibenclamide. Compared to the pharmacopoeia method, the performance of the TruScan™ Raman analyzer and the GPHF-minilab technologies were 71% and 63%, respectively.

Conclusion

The study provides insights into the quality of medicines in resource-limited primary healthcare facilities.
Emotion Regulation, Crisis Optimism and Employee Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Negative Emotion
Authors: Pratap Avikshit , Dwivedi Rohit , Kakoty Sanjeeb
Published: November 2024

Recent research has highlighted the importance of emotional well-being and crisis optimism for organisational employees during crisis events. This paper examines the role of emotion regulation strategies, specifically reappraisal and suppression, in fostering emotional well-being and crisis optimism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown crisis. The authors also investigate how emotional intensity moderates the effectiveness of these strategies. A sample of 536 Indian employees was subjected to factor analysis, sentiment analysis and factor score regression. The results demonstrate that reappraisal positively impacts emotional well-being and crisis optimism, while suppression diminishes emotional well-being but increases employee optimism. Notably, high levels of negative emotions exacerbate the adverse effects of suppression on emotional well-being, while slightly amplifying the benefits of reappraisal on optimism. This study sheds light on emotion regulation during organisational crises, emphasising the moderating role of negative emotional intensity.