bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SWAT 137: A 2x2 randomised factorial SWAT of the use of a pen and brief information leaflet to improve recruitment in a randomised controlled trial of a community-based clinic for patients with persistent physical symptoms
Authors: White David , Sutton Laura , Mooney Cara , Dawson Jeremy , Burton Chris ,   PROMETHEUS Group
Published: September 2023

Background

Many strategies are used by trialists to improve recruitment, but few have been tested. We aimed to evaluate two interventions: 1) a study branded pen and 2) brief participant information leaflet, included within invitation packs for the Multiple Symptoms Study 3 (MSS3) trial.

Methods

A 2x2 factorial ‘study within a trial’ (SWAT) embedded into MSS3 – a randomised trial of a community-based clinic for patients with persistent, medically unexplained, physical symptoms. Potential MSS3 participants received postal invitations sent via GP practices, along with a MSS3 branded pen and/or brief participant information leaflet (PIL) or neither. The primary outcome was randomisation rate. Secondary outcomes were return rate, time to return, reasons for non-randomised returns and cost-effectiveness.

Results

108 GP practices posted 6946 invitations, from which 318 participants (4.6%) were randomised to the host trial. Between those sent a brief PIL (n=3467) and not sent a brief PIL (n=3479) there was no significant difference in randomisation rates (166 (4.8%) vs 152 (4.4%); OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.88-1.38). Response rates were significantly higher in those sent the brief PIL (573 (16.5%) vs 513 (14.7%); OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.30). Between those sent the pen (n=3464) and not sent the pen (n=3482) there was no evidence of increased randomisation (145 (4.2%) vs 173 (5.0%); OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67-1.05) and the difference in response rates was not statistically significant (563 (16.3%) vs 523 (15.0%); OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.96-1.25). For both SWAT interventions, time to response was comparable between groups.

Conclusion

There was no significant evidence of effectiveness of the brief PIL intervention or the pen intervention on recruitment to the host study. There was evidence of increased response rates to the initial invitation in the brief PIL group, compared to those not receiving a brief PIL in their invitation pack.
Impact of vitamin D deficiency in relation to the clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Rachman Andhika , Rahmaniyah Rizky , Khomeini Andi , Iriani Anggraini
Published: September 2023

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging public health problem that affects more than one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D has been shown to be effective in preventing and reducing the severity of viral respiratory diseases, including influenza. However, the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at two COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia from October 2021 until February 2022.

Results: The median serum 25(OH)D level in 191 hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 13.6 [IQR=10.98] ng/mL. The serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency who had cardiovascular disease (p-value=0.04), the use of a ventilator (p-value=0.004), more severe COVID-19 cases (p-value=0.047), and mortality (p-value=0.002). Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly different between patients with mild and severe COVID-19 cases (p-value <0.001). Serum 25(OH)D levels in mild and moderate COVID-19 cases were significantly different (p-value=0.002). Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with an increased number of comorbidities (p-value=0.03), the severity of COVID-19 (p-value=0.002), and the use of mechanical ventilation (p-value=0.032). Mortality was found in 7.3% of patients with deficient vitamin D levels. However, patients with either sufficient or insufficient vitamin D levels did not develop mortality.

Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency were significantly associated with having cardiovascular disease, mortality, more severe COVID-19 cases, and the used of mechanical ventilation. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with an increased number of comorbidities, COVID-19 severity, and the use of mechanical-ventilation. Thus, we suggest hospitalized COVID-19 patients to reach a sufficient vitamin D status to improve the clinical outcome of the disease.
Comparative analysis and assessment of radiological investigation reports for abdomen and pelvic computed tomography scans
Authors: Naik Shreya , Mishra Gaurav V , Tiwaskar Suhas , Luharia Anurag
Published: September 2023

Background: Medical imaging modalities have significantly improved the accuracy and timeliness of diagnoses over the years; they also present a risk of diagnostic errors due to various factors. One of the primary issues is the variation in findings between preliminary and final reports, specifically for current imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography (CT) among others. Although several studies have investigated variations between preliminary and final reports in different contexts, research specific to the radiology department is limited.

Through this study protocol, we aim not only to help provide a comprehensive evaluation of the variation in findings between preliminary and final diagnostic reports in radiology but also aid in improving the accuracy and quality of patient care and contribute to developing effective strategies to minimize diagnostic errors.

Methods: A total of 128 male and female patients presenting to the radiology diagnosis department for abdomen and pelvic CT scans would be considered for the study. The radiological investigation reports for the scans would be interpreted by junior residents and radiologists. The reports will be manually compared to check for similarities, new findings, and exclusions. The degree and frequency of variability will be statistically assessed and reported in tabulations and graphs under the patient's age and gender.

Discussion: This study seeks to investigate the differences in interpretations between resident and radiologist reports, consistent with previous research. The results of this study will provide insights into the variations in interpretations, highlighting the importance of continuous training. Examining the findings of a report as a whole can also deliver valuable knowledge into the potential impact on patient care. This can lead to enhancements in radiology reports and overall patient management. The implications involve improving the education of residents, optimising clinical decision-making processes, and promoting positive patient outcomes.
Curating maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) datasets from a hospital’s catchment area in Nigeria between 2014 and 2019
Authors: Ekpenyong Moses Effiong , Usip Patience Usoro , Usang Kommomo Jacob , Umoh Nnamso Michael , Oyong Samuel Bisong , Nwokoro Chukwudi Obinna , Suleiman Aminu Alhaji , Attai Kingsley , John Anietie Emmanuel , Clement Inyang Abraham , Johnson Ekemini Anietie , Fakiyesi Temitope Joel
Published: September 2023

In this Data Note, we present details regarding Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health (MNCH) datasets sourced directly from patients' medical records. These datasets consist of 538 maternal, 720 neonatal, and 425 child records, all collected at St Luke’s General Hospital in Anua, Uyo, Nigeria, spanning from 2014 to 2019. Variables included in the datasets are:  Maternal {patient number, date of visit, gender, age, class of patient, address, LGA, diagnose, symptom, prescription, blood pressure (mm Hg), temperature (degree centigrade), weight (Kg), latitude, longitude, elevation, (MSL), date record, GPS Accuracy (m)}; Neonatal {patient number, date of visit, gender, age, class of patient, address, LGA, symptom, health status, height (cm), weight (Kg), latitude, longitude, elevation (MSL), date record, GPS Accuracy (m)}; and Child Health {patient number, date of visit, gender, age, class of patient, address, LGA, diagnose, health history, temperature (degree centigrade), weight (Kg), latitude, longitude, elevation (MSL), date record, GPS accuracy (m)}. The purpose of sharing these datasets is to provide a resource for researchers interested in their potential reuse, whether for analysis, research, quality assurance, policy formulation, decision-making, patient safety, or other purposes. The datasets also include location information obtained through GPS (Global Positioning System) data from the study area, facilitating spatiotemporal analysis. We outline the methods used for curating the datasets, including the protocol for selecting and processing variables. To protect patient privacy, certain personal details such as names were replaced with unique patient numbers generated using Microsoft Excel. Furthermore, specific patient information, including addresses/locations, date of visit, latitude, longitude, elevation, and GPS accuracy, has been restricted for privacy reasons. Readers interested in accessing restricted data can make a formal request to the corresponding author (see data restriction statement). The curated datasets are available at the Open Science Framework.
The genome sequence of the Cow Parsley Leaf Beetle, Chrysolina oricalcia (O.F. Müller, 1776)
Authors: Sivell Olga , Sivell Duncan , Geiser Michael ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual Cow Parsley Leaf Beetle Chrysolina oricalcia (the Cow Parsley Leaf Beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae). The genome sequence is 1,423.4 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.93 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 35,990 protein coding genes.
The Development of a Poetic Tradition. A Study of a Dutch Renaissance Poetry Corpus
Authors: De Sisto Mirella
Published: September 2023

The present paper introduces a corpus of Dutch Renaissance poetry which was automatically annotated by using neural networks. The analysis of the annotations provides a clear picture of the process of implementing the new poetic form into Dutch poetic tradition, and of its different stages. The development of iambic metre was a gradual process that required various attempts; this can be well observed when comparing Dutch poems from a 100 year time window. While syllabic instances can be observed among the first attempts, most of the earlier poems are not isosyllabic and have a rather varied syllable length. This study shows that isosyllabicity developed together with iambicity. Finally, automatic poetry annotation allows for testing and validating theoretical hypotheses and for investigating literary questions with the aid of large amount of data.
Russian Binary Meters. Part Two. Chapters 7–8
Authors: Taranovsky Kiril , Feinberg Lawrence
Published: September 2023

Russian Binary Meters. Part Two. Chapters 7–8
El arte como lo salvador. Reflexiones sobre las anotaciones estéticas de los Cuadernos negros.
Authors: Galeano Rosa Rodnie Gabriel
Published: September 2023

Este estudio analiza las anotaciones relativas al arte y la estética del filósofo alemán Martin Heidegger a partir de los apuntes y reflexiones de sus Cuadernos negros (Schwarze Hefte). La preocupación por inquirir y pensar la obra de arte ocupa una dimensión muy relevante en la vida filosófica del pensador de Messkirch, probablemente por su interés en encontrar una forma de pensar o saber que interpelara críticamente nuestra modernidad agonizante o, quizás, para encontrar un saber que escapara al poder y la influencia de la técnica moderna y contribuyera de un modo originario al vislumbramiento de la verdad. No son muchas las anotaciones relativas al arte y la belleza contenidas en los Cuadernos negros, sin embargo, son muy importantes para la comprensión de muchos fenómenos del arte de nuestro tiempo.
O fim da Filosofia como Metafísica e a tarefa da transição para um outro começo do pensar.
Authors: Moreira Gilvanio
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo pretende analisar as noções de “fim” e “transição” no contexto do pensamento tardio do filósofo alemão Martin Heidegger (1889-1976). Tema que gira em torno da conferência Fim da filosofia e a tarefa do pensamento (GA 14), cuja polêmica afirmação de um “fim da filosofia” tinha como intenção indicar não apenas uma “dissolução da Filosofia nas ciências tecnicizadas”, mas também, e, justamente por isso, uma espécie de necessidade de retorno elucidativo ao problema do fundamento (Das Problem des Grundes) por meio de uma meditação originária que transita na “linha” que divide o primeiro começo (ersten Anfang) da história do ser do outro começo (anderen Anfang) do pensar.
Pensamiento probabilístico en profesores en formación matemática: un acercamiento desde juegos aleatorios.
Authors: Rodriguez Alveal Francisco , Koparan Timur
Published: September 2023

El propósito del presente artículo es identificar y describir las habilidades asociadas al pensamiento probabilístico adquiridas por el profesorado en matemática en formación en las asignaturas de estadística cuando dan respuesta a juegos estocásticos. Para tal efecto se hizo uso de un enfoque cualitativo, en base a un análisis de contenido. Como técnica de captura de información se aplicó un instrumento de dos juegos no determinísticos adaptados al contexto chileno en las cuales los participantes debían dar respuesta a tres preguntas abiertas. Los 34 participantes fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico del tipo intencionado. Entre los principales hallazgos se destacan que el profesorado en formación manifiesta escasa capacidad para conjeturar, como así también el transito entre la probabilidad intuitiva a la frecuencial, asimismo no representan gráficamente ni argumentan acerca del comportamiento de fenómenos aleatorios afín de lograr un aprendizaje colaborativo y de retroalimentación entre pares. En cambio, se evidencia el uso de tecnología en las simulaciones, acorde a lo explicitado en el currículo escolar. En conclusión, los profesores en formación de pedagogía en matemática presentan un escaso desarrollo en las habilidades asociadas al pensamiento probabilístico para describir y justificar el comportamiento de fenómenos estocásticos.
W stronę „ostatecznego rozwiązania kwestii ukraińskiej”. Rosyjski projekt inwazji
Authors: Jach Anna
Published: September 2023

The sources of the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine should be sought in the inability to reconcile with the status quo in the international arena after 1991. The breakdown of the bipolar balance of power is interpreted by the Russian authorities to this day as the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century, the victims of which are both the Russian state and the Russian-speaking population. On this basis, such dangerous phenomena as revisionist tendencies were born, aimed at restoring the status quo ante. However, they do not only reach the period of the Soviet Union’s dominance on the international arena. The point of reference is the dream of restoring the pentarchy system, in which Russia would be one of the main decision-makers. And although this balance of power characteristic of the 19th and 20th centuries has not survived the test of time, today’s Russian Federation is focused on the implementation of a plan to return to a modified pantheon of powers in the 21st century. The subject of the reflection is the analysis of the Russian strategy aimed at restoring the hegemonic position above all those of the «succession states» that emerged from the former USSR. On the one hand, the phenomenon of the «Belovezha Syndrome» as a source of aggression of the Russian Federation against independent and sovereign Ukraine will be diagnosed. On the other hand, Russian arguments will be presented and discussed justifying the start of a full-scale war against Ukraine, called by the Kremlin a «special military operation », which were based on false assumptions referring to historical or legal and international legal experience.
Cele rosyjskiego imperializmu na Ukrainie i ich realizacja
Authors: Kucharski Tomasz
Published: September 2023

On the 24th of February 2022, the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation began. The purpose of this chapter is to present Russia’s military goals and their changes over time, taking into account the priorities set by its decision-makers. Objectives in the ongoing military conflict can be divided into strategic and tactical. The first ones, which include occupation of territory, destroying and preventing Ukraine from functioning as a state remain unchanged. The other ones – tactical objectives concern the actions of the Russian Federation in the field. Their achievements (e.g. occupation of territory, destruction of the enemy’s infrastructure) influence the implementation of strategic goals. In addition to the changes in the objectives of the Russian invasion and the events that took place during it, the historical background, geopolitical perspective, the situation that has taken place since 2014 with the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the conclusions of the ongoing armed conflict are also presented.
TOPLUMSAL İŞLEVİYLE ANKARA ELMADAĞ’DA “TANDIR EKMEĞİ” KÜLTÜRÜ
Authors: ÖZGEN Mutlu
Published: September 2023

Özet,

Ankara’nın Elmadağ ilçesinde tandır ekmeği, şekli ve sertliği dolayısıyla "Sığır Dili" ve "Tavşan Öldüren" adlarıyla anılsa da “Avrat Ekmeği", "Avrat İşi" ve "Möhkem Avrat Ekmeği" gibi isimlerle güçlü kadının ekmeği olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Elmadağ'da kadının eliyle yoğurulan ve dili ile mayalanan hamur, kadının varlığının simgesi haline gelirken, tuz ise erkeğin sembolü olarak görülmüştür. Mayalı hamurun tandırda pişirilmesiyle elde edilen tandır ekmeği, kadın ve erkeğin birlikteliğini temsil etmiştir. Elmadağ'da tandır ekmeği etrafında gerçekleşen geçiş dönemi uygulamalarının merkezinde, kadının bereketine ve varlığına verilen değerin önemli bir rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, tandır ekmeğinin yapımında kadının medeni hali gibi özel durumu ve deneyimi belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu kültürel pratikler, kadının gücünü ve direncini simgeleyen Elmadağ kadınıyla bağlantı kurmaktadır. Tandır ekmeği, Elmadağ kadınının direnç gösterdiği zorlu hayat şartlarıyla ilişkilendirilmiş ve sıcak et suyu içinde yapısını bozmayan tandır ekmeği, onu mayalayan kadının dirayetli duruşunun simgesi haline gelmiştir. Elmadağ'da kadın ve erkeğin birlikteliğini sembolize eden tandır ekmeği, yapılış amacıyla her dönem Elmadağ kadının gücü ve bereketiyle ilişkilendirilen önemli bir kadın folkloru unsuru olmuştur.
Effects of Aqueous Extraction Factors on Commercial Protease Inhibitory Activities, Phenolic Acid Profiles and Chemical Properties of Hom Mali-105 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Bran Extract
Authors:   Division of Food Science and Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Wongwatcharayothin Worachai , Thawornchinsombut Supawan ,   Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand, Jongjareonrak Akkasit ,   Division of Food Engineering, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,   Advanced Technology and Innovation Management for Creative Economy Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: September 2023

De- oiled rice bran (DRB) is a by-product generated in a large amount from oil extraction processing. The DRB contains a high content of protein and is rich in phenolic components. Phenolic compounds were noticed to exhibit inhibitory activity against protease to some extent in protein hydrolysate production from rice bran. Therefore, this investigation aims to study the factors effecting the extraction of phenolic compounds from DRB and the inhibitory activities of the extracted phenolics against commercial proteases. The aqueous extraction process was employed for extraction of phenolic compounds from DRB. Three extraction factors, including time (30-180 min), temperature (60-80 °C), and pH level (2-10) were used using completely randomized design (CRD). Total phenolic content (TPC) and profiles, total flavonoids content (TFC), and antioxidant activities of all extracts were analyzed. Additionally, the commercial proteases (G6 and GN) inhibitory activities of phenolic extracts were determined. The optimum extraction time, temperature and pH that providing highest total phenolic content, flavonoid content antioxidant activities and protease inhibitory activities were observed at 150 min, 70°C and pH 10, respectively. TPC and TFC values were in the ranges of 2.50 to 5.76 mg GAE/g rice bran and 1.79 to 4.42 mg RTE/g rice bran, respectively. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP values were in the ranges of 0.44 to 0.82 mg GAE/g rice bran, 2.56 to 5.14 mg TE/g rice bran, and 4.40 to 8.10 mg TE/g rice bran, respectively. The main phenolic acids were ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The protease inhibitory activity of the DRB extract was 42% on protease G6 and 71% on protease GN. This result suggests that the phenolics and flavonoids from rice bran could exhibit protease inhibitory activities to some extent and these compounds might affect the hydrolysis process of protein during protein hydrolysate production.
Estimating the visitor’s willingness to pay towards biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park, Malaysia, using the Contingent Valuation Method
Authors: MUSA FAZILAH , SHAHRUDIN INTAN NURSUHADA MOHD
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Musa F, Shahrudin INM. 2023. Estimating the visitor’s willingness to pay towards biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park, Malaysia, using the Contingent Valuation Method. Biodiversitas 24: 3690-3699. The Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park is within the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Malaysia's oldest and most biodiverse hill dipterocarp forest. The destruction of urban greenery in the heart of Kuala Lumpur has prompted stakeholders to conserve this forest as urban ecotourism areas for recreational, educational, and research activities. Due to the absence of a market, the economic value of biodiversity cannot be quantified in monetary terms from an economic perspective. Therefore, it will be difficult for stakeholders to justify the cost of conservation in their management in the future. This study's objective was to determine the economic value of biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park by determining a visitor's Willingness to Pay (WTP) using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed randomly to both international and domestic tourists to conduct this study. Five bid prices were chosen for domestic and international visitors based on the Logit Model's estimation of the visitor's WTP for biodiversity conservation. This study indicates that most visitors are willing to pay for biodiversity conservation influenced by religion, marital status, income, employment, and education. Furthermore, the results indicate that the WTP's mean and median per visit are MYR3.81 and MYR2.58 based on domestic visitor data. Consequently, this research may aid decision-makers in managing the financial strategy for biodiversity conservation activities. Thus, the conservation fee that visitors can accept based on their willingness to pay will further boost visitors' future visits to the Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park.
Physiological resistance responses of rice plant (Oryza sativa) provided with silicate fertilizer to sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani)
Authors: AZIZAH RATNA , RACHMAWATI DIAH
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Azizah R, Rachmawati D. 2023. Physiological resistance responses of rice plant (Oryza sativa) provided with silicate fertilizer to sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani). Biodiversitas 24: 3785-3795. Sheath blight disease that is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn generally leads to the reduction of rice yields. The application of silicate fertilizers can increase the resistance to pathogens. This research aimed to determine the effect of silicate fertilizer application on the physiological resistance responses of rice plants to R. solani, the primary pathogen responsible for rice sheath blight. This study used three rice cultivars with different resistance levels to sheath blight, including Pandan Wangi (resistant), Cisadane (susceptible), and IR64 (moderately resistant), which were treated with three doses of silicate fertilizer 0 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 and 400 kg ha-1 with sheath blight inoculation and without inoculation. The results showed that Pandan Wangi provided with 200 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer produced the highest reduction in the percentage of relative lesion height (RLH), and the application of 400 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer had a greater positive effect of reducing the lesion in Cisadane and IR64. In susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, Cisadane and IR64, higher doses of silicate fertilizer have a better effect on strengthening plant tissue during inoculation treatments. The application of 400 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer without inoculation significantly affected relative water content. In the moderately resistant cultivar IR64, the silicate fertilizer played a role in the physiological response by strengthening the plant tissue, as indicated by the increasing lignin content, sclerenchyma and cuticle thickness.
Anatomical characteristics of the leaning stem in Pinus merkusii seedling
Authors: SAFITRI NEVLYA MIA , PRASTIWI FANANY WURI , SALSABILA SYIFA , FERIAWAN YOGI , BRILIANTO ALIF , NUGROHO WIDYANTO DWI
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Safitri NM, Prastiwi FW, Salsabila S, Feriawan Y, Brilianto A, Nugroho WD. 2023. Anatomical characteristics of the leaning stem in Pinus merkusii seedling. Biodiversitas 24: 3796-3802. Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese is one of the tropical conifer species. The species formed reaction wood called compression wood (CW) when the stem grows in an abnormal position. CW in stem wood is frequently found to cause several problems for utilization in the use of its products. However, there are few studies on the anatomical characteristics of reaction wood in tropical conifer. This study aimed to observe the differences in anatomical characteristics between compression (CW) and opposite (OW) woods in leaning the stem of P. merkusii seedlings and their anatomical differences compared to normal wood (NW). Approx. 1-year-old P. merkusii seedlings from a nursery in Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia, that were naturally bent or tilted were used in the study. Anatomical characteristics of wood, namely the dimension of tracheids, rays, resin canals, and the proportion of cells were observed in the study. The results showed that CW of P. merkusii seedlings formed a rounded tracheid shape and intercellular space. The differences between CW and OW in P. merkusii seedlings were significant in terms of height of ray cells, tracheid proportion, and resin canal proportion. However, tracheid length, tracheid diameter, tracheid wall thickness, resin canal diameter and frequency, rays frequency, and ray proportion were not significantly different compared to OW and NW.
First report of Enterobacter sp. causing bacterial wilt on patchouli in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: ZULFADLI ZULFADLI , WASISTHA NURAINUN INTAN , OKTARINA HARTATI , KHAIRAN KHAIRAN , SRIWATI RINA
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Zulfadli, Wasistha NI, Oktarina H, Khairan, Sriwati R. 2023. First report of Enterobacter sp. causing bacterial wilt on patchouli in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3814-3820. Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth), is an essential commodity in Indonesia, with Aceh Jaya being one of its main producing regions. Several incidences of wilt disease symptoms have been reported in patchouli plantations in Ranto Sabon, Sampoianet Sub-district, Aceh Jaya District. This study aimed to isolate and identified the bacterial pathogen responsible for wilt disease in patchouli in Aceh Jaya. Various tests, including morphology characterization and molecular characteristics using 16s PCR primer, hypersensitive test, and pathogenicity test were conducted to identify the cause of disease. The isolation result revealed that Enterobacter sp. was responsible for invading the patchouli plant. Further testing was carried out on various culture media including Nutrient Broth, Tryptic Soy, Kings B, Sulfide Indole Motility, Sucrose Potato Agar, and Yeast Potato Agar. The highest colony density was found in Tryptic Soy media (2.002) after 120 hours of inoculation. The results of hypersensitivity and pathogenicity tests showed that Enterobacter sp. caused symptoms similar to those of natural infection. Among all the media, Sucrose Potato Agar media had the fastest incubation period, with 7 and 48 days after inoculation. Therefore, this is the first study to report the presence of Enterobacter sp. associated with bacterial wilt in patchouli in Aceh.
Short Communication: The existence of Homalomena rubescens (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: IRSYAM ARIFIN SURYA DWIPA , HARIRI MUHAMMAD RIFQI , KAMILA NADIA NAFARISA , KURNIAWAN MUHAMMAD FABIO RAYHAN , SUWANDHI ICHSAN , IRWANTO RINA RATNASIH
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Irsyam ASD, Hariri MR, Kamila NN, Kurniawan MFR, Suwandhi I, Irwanto RR. 2023. Short Communication: The existence of Homalomena rubescens(Araceae) in Java, Indonesia based on morphological and molecular evidence. Biodiversitas 24: 3821-3827. Homalomena Schottis a member of Araceae family, with most species originating from Southeast Asia. Due to its stunning heart-shaped leaves and tolerance to shade, H. rubescens (Roxb.) Kunthis frequently used as an ornamental plant and is frequently found in tropical gardens. As an ornamental plant, it can escape cultivation. The existence of H. rubescens in Java has been enigmatic, and the likelihood of misidentification is high because it has morphological characteristics in common with H. pendula (Blume) Bakh.f. This research aims to confirm the presence of H. rubescens in Java, Indonesia based on examination of morphological characters and molecular analysis. An adventive population of Homalomena rubescens was found in the Babakan Siliwangi City Forest, Bandung City, West Java, as a result of a field study in 2022. Materials of the population were then collected and made into specimens in the Herbarium Bandungense for further morphological observations. Additionally, a molecular approach was used to confirm the identity. The collected specimen is unquestionably H. rubescens (Roxb.) Kunth based on morphological and molecular analysis. Therefore, in this paper, we formally announced H. rubescensas a newly naturalized species in Java, Indonesia.
Diversity and cellulolytic activity of cellulase-producing bacteria isolated from the soils of two mangrove forests in Eastern Thailand
Authors: BAMRUNGPANICHTAVORN TANAPAT , UNGWIWATKUL SUNISA , BOONTANOM PARIMA , CHANTARASIRI AIYA
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Bamrungpanichtavorn T, Ungwiwatkul S, Boontanom P, Chantarasiri A. 2023. Diversity and cellulolytic activity of cellulase-producing bacteria isolated from the soils of two mangrove forests in Eastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 3891-3902. The Southeast Asian countries hold the largest proportion of the world's mangrove area. Mangrove forests are a potential source for the isolation of economic microbial enzymes. Cellulases are a widely used microbial enzyme for cellulose degradation in various industries. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate, genetically identify, and enzymatically characterize cellulase-producing bacteria from the soils of two mangrove forests in Eastern Thailand. Twenty-six cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated and subsequently genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. Thirteen different RFLP patterns were obtained and genetically analyzed into six bacterial genera comprising Aeromonas, Bacillus, Chryseobacterium, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio. The Bacillus species were the predominant cellulase-producing bacteria in the study sites. Moreover, the cellulase-producing Chryseobacterium and Lysinibacillus had hardly ever been reported. The Bacillus sp. strain RY08B was the most active cellulase-producing bacterium with 1.510±0.060 U/mL of CMCase activity. The optimum temperature and pH for the CMCase activity were determined to be 50°C at a pH of 7.0 with a thermal stability range of 25-50°C at a pH of 7.0. This bacterium could be applied in several environmentally friendly industries requiring mild conditions for their production processes.
Morphological responses of six sorghum varieties on cadmium-contaminated soil
Authors: HASANAH NUR AZIZAH USWATUN , PURWANTO EDI , HARSONO PUJI , SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI , SAKYA AMALIA TETRANI
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Hasanah NAU, Purwanto E, Harsono P, Samanhudi, Sakya AT. 2023. Morphological responses of six sorghum varieties on cadmium-contaminated soil. Biodiversitas 24: 3903-3915. Six sorghum varieties were planted on cadmium-contaminated soil and characterized from April to July 2020 at a rice field in Balecatur Gamping, Yogyakarta. The objectives of this experiment were to characterize themorphological responses of six sorghum varieties and select a variety with a high biomass and Cd uptake fora potential phytoremediator. This experiment used six sorghum varieties, namely Super-1, Samurai-1, Suri-3, Numbu, Kawali, and Hitam, following completely randomized design procedures with four replications. The observation of morphological and agronomical characteristics focused on ten plants as the sample of each plot. The result showed that there were differences in the morphological and agronomical characteristics among six sorghum varieties. Varieties were assessed in terms of distinctness and grouped based on the time of panicle emergence, plant height, panicle shape, and caryopsis color. There were threeclasses as follows: Class 1, i.e., time of panicle emergence: very early (Super-1, Suri-3, Numbu, and Hitam); plant height: long (Super-1), medium (Suri-3), short (Numbu and Hitam); panicle shape: panicle broader in the upper part (Numbu), symmetrical (Super-1 and Suri-3), pyramidal (Hitam); caryopsis color: white (Super-1), grayish orange (Suri-3 and Hitam), yellowish orange (Numbu). Class 2, time of panicle emergence: early (Samurai-1); plant height: medium (Samurai-1); panicle shape: panicle broader in the lower part (Samurai-1); caryopsis color: yellowish orange (Samurai-1). Class 3, time of panicle emergence: medium (Kawali); plant height: medium (Kawali); panicle shape: panicle broader in the lower part (Kawali); caryopsis color: yellowish white (Kawali). Assessment of agronomical characteristics revealed that fresh plant weight had a significant positive correlation with plant height R1, plant height R5, stem diameter, leaf bladewidth, thousand-grain weight, and stem sugar content. Several varieties, namely Super-1, Samurai-1 and Kawali, were found to have excellent agronomical characteristics to provide a solid varietal basis for selecting varieties as phytoremediators.
The productivity, chemical composition and nutritional value of pastures dominated by Artemisia diffusa and Cousinia resinosa in arid lands of southwestern Uzbekistan
Authors: BAZAROV BAXRITDIN , RAJAMURADOV ZAYNITDIN , SAFIN MARS , RAJABOV ASATILLO , KHAYITOV DAVRON , KUZIEV MIRZOXID , AMINJONOV SHARIFKUL , ISMAYILOVA MARKHAMAT , KUDRATOV JASUR , KHUJABEKOV MIRZAAHMAD , KHAYDAROV DILOVAR
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Bazarov B, Rajamuradov Z, Safin M, Rajabov A, Khayitov D, Kuziev M, Aminjonov S, Ismayilova M, Kudratov J, Khujabekov M, Khaydarov D. 2023. The productivity, chemical composition and nutritional value of pastures dominated by Artemisia diffusa and Cousinia resinosa in arid lands of southwestern Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24: 3916-3923. In recent years, extensive degradation of pastures has been observed all over the world as a result of drastic changes in climate and the increase of anthropogenic factors. As a result, the biological diversity of plant communities in pastures decreases, and specific changes occur in dry mass productivity, nutritional value, and other indicators of plant biomass. Therefore, studies aimed at assessing the condition of the vegetation in pastures are important. This research is one of the first studies of this type aimed at determining the biomass yield of pastures dominated by Artemisia diffusa Krasch. ex Poljako and Cousinia resinosa Juz. at varying elevations in arid areas of the southwestern regions of Uzbekistan, analyzing the chemical composition and nutritional value contained in the plants and evaluating the yield and quality of milk of goats fed with such plants. The results showed that dry mass yield, chemical composition, amount of substance, and nutritional value of the biomass produced by the plants in the pastures were directly influenced by the type of plants that make up the pasture, the elevation of the pastures, and climate factors (i.e., season). Our analysis also showed that the resiproductivity, chemical composition, and nutritional parameters were the highest in the mountain pastures compared to those in the hill and desert pastures. Goats fed by grazing in the pastures produced a higher yield and quality of milk compared to goats fed with conventional rations. The findings of this study explain the diversity of the productivity, chemical composition, nutritional value, and potential of the biomass produced by plants in pastures with dominant species A. diffusa and C. resinosa in increasing goat milk production in arid regions.
Gastronomic ethnobotany of traditional vegetables among the Sundanese in rural West Java, Indonesia
Authors: ISKANDAR BUDIAWATI S. , IRAWAN BUDI , MULYANTO DEDE , ISKANDAR JOHAN , AFINANDA AFDILAH , RAJAB BUDI
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Iskandar BS, Irawan B, Mulyanto D, Iskandar J, Afinanda A, Rajab B. 2023. Gastronomic ethnobotany of traditional vegetables among the Sundanese in rural West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3932-3950. Sundanese people in West Java have been known for their tradition of consuming various vegetable plants (Lalab). This study aims to elucidate the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) on various vegetable plants, folk classification, and use and processing of vegetable plants for family use in the rural Sundanese community in Cijambu Village, Tanjungsari Sub-district, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. This study employed mixed qualitative and quantitative methods with an ethnobotanical and gastronomic approach. The results showed that 67 different local varieties (landraces) of vegetable plants were documented from 65 species, representing 56 genera and 27 families that the Sundanese people of Cijambu commonly use. These vegetable plants can be classified into three categories: vegetable source, part used, and use and processing of vegetables. The people obtain their vegetables from various sources, such as their homegardens, gardens, rice fields, Perhutani agroforests, and other non-farming sources, including markets, small village shops, and vegetable sellers. The parts of vegetable plants usually consumed by the people of Cijambu Village can be divided into eight parts: the bulb, flower, fruit, leaf, rhizome, root/tuber, seed, and shoot. The vegetable plants are traditionally consumed as fresh raw salad and cooked vegetables, spices, and at least 12 main or basic types of Sundanese food meals, namely various Acar, Asinan, Buntil, Karedok, Lodeh, Lotek, Rujak, Sambel, Sayur/Angeun, Semur, Tumis/Oseng, and Urab with a total of 58 kinds of food meals. At the same time, various Sundanese chili sauces (Sambel) were documented in at least 14 types. Based on ethnobotanical gastronomy, the Sundanese community's cultural practice of consuming Lalab results from a complex interaction between human communities, food, and their local environment.
Genetic variation and population structure of brachiopods, Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 in the Northern Aceh shore, Indonesia
Authors: OCTAVINA CHITRA , RAMADHANIATY MUTIA , DAULAY RAHMA EFFENDIE , DEWIYANTI IRMA , ULFAH MARIA
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Octavina C, Ramadhaniaty M, Daulay RE, Dewiyanti I, Ulfah M. 2023. Genetic variation and population structure of brachiopods, Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 in the Northern Aceh shore. Biodiversitas 24: 3951-3959. Lingula anatina is one of the brachiopods recognized as one of the most primitive groups with a fossil record from the early Cambrian period. Although L. anatina has been targeted as an object of biological studies, the information about the genetic variation within species is still limited. The purpose of this research is to identify the genetic variation and population structure of the species L. anatina found in the Aceh northern shore based on the mtDNA Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene sequence. In this study, L. anatina specimens collected from five populations on Aceh's northern shore, namely Krueng Raya, Syiah Kuala, Ulee Lheue, and Ujong Pancu, with complete mitochondrial genome sequences were analyzed and compared with genebank sequences. The total nucleotide base of L. anatina is 657 bp, with 18 haplotypes. Based on the results of a comparison of the distribution of L. anatina in Asia shows that the Japanese population has the highest population structure value compared to the other five populations. The Fst value obtained from this study is 0.7, so it is classified as high and structured. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the correlation between geographic location and geographic distance affects the genetic distance between populations.
Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in cattle from Sleman, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
Authors: SAHARA ANA , BUDIANTO BAMBANG HERU , KUNDA RONY MARSYAL , FIRDAUSY LINTANG WINANTYA
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Sahara A, Budianto BH, Kunda RM, Firdausy LW. 2023. Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in cattle from Sleman, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4087-4094. Massive attacks of were found Haemaphysalis bispinosa in beef cattle farms in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Besides it makes blood loss, they also have the potential to become vectors of several diseases. The aim of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of infestation, describe the morphology, fecundity, and timing of oviposition, as well as the preferred attachment sites for ticks. The samples were collected manually, and the body of the cattle was divided into four regions to determine the preferred sites of attachment of ticks. The morphology and occurrence of tick attachment sites, egg production, and hatchability were examined macroscopically and microscopically, and the obtained data we assessed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings indicated that, in contrast to the body area and the front and back legs, the tick predilection locations were the head, ears, and neck region. An engorged female may generate an average of 731.5±106 eggs throughout her 10-day oviposition cycle. After 17-30 days, tick eggs hatch into larvae; on average, 626.3±56 eggs per tick female successfully hatch into larvae.
Ethnobotanical knowledge of Dayak Ngaju in utilizing plant species to locate gold mining in Sei Riang Village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SUNARIYATI SITI , DECENLY DECENLY , PURNAMA ANDI RIANG , AGNESTISIA RETNO
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Sunariyati S, Decenly, Purnama AR, Agnestisia R. 2023. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Dayak Ngaju in utilizing plant species to locate gold mining in Sei Riang Village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4145-4150. Indonesia is one of the richest countries in flora and cultural diversity. The strong relationship between the culture and plant diversity has developed ethnobotanical knowledge of the indigenous community, including the knowledge of the Dayak Ngaju Tribe in utilizing plant species as gold indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to inventory and identify the plant species used as gold indicators by Dayak Ngaju in Sei Riang Village, Gunung Mas District, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia using ethnobotanical study and then empirically assess the gold content in the identified plants using laboratory analysis. Ethnobotanical information was collected through in-depth interviews with 25 informants and analyzed with the Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR). Plants mentioned as gold indicators were then identified in the field. The samples of the plants were then examined by atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine gold (Aurum; Au) contents in their root, stem, and leave tissues. The data was analyzed using SPSS 25 with the Parametric Pearson Correlation test to determine the correlation and significance level of Au contents found in the plant tissues and soil. Based on the interview results, the gold miners believed that several plant species could be utilized to indicate gold’s presence in the mining area, as indicated by the value of IAR of 0.540, suggesting that 54% of the informants agreed to use the plants as the gold indicator. Two plant species were identified as gold indicators: Kasuhui (Dipterocarpus sp.) and Hara (Ficus racemosa L.). Significant positive correlations were also exhibited between Au contents in the Kasuhui stem and the Hara root and stem and the soils where they grow. This research is expected to promote the ethnobotanical knowledge of the gold miners from the Dayak Ngaju Tribe in selecting scientifically justifiable gold mining areas.
eDNA assessment of scleractinian diversity and distribution in Lemukutan Island, Indonesia
Authors: KUNCORO IWAN , ZAMANI NEVIATY PUTRI , SUBHAN BEGINER , CAHYANI NI KADEK DITA
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Kuncoro I, Zamani NP, Subhan B, Cahyani NKD. 2023. eDNA assessment of scleractinian diversity and distribution in Lemukutan Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4185-4191. Coral reefs are one of the most degraded and endangered tropical marine ecosystems. The study of biodiversity and its distribution is significant for biomonitoring. Lemukutan is an island that has a coral reef ecosystem with high biodiversity. This study aims to examine the biodiversity of coral species on Lemukutan Island using the Environmental DNA (eDNA) approach to survey scleractinian diversity across Lemukutan Island. Surface seawater samples were taken from five sites. eDNA sample extracted from the filter paper used for filtration Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification was performed with Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2) primers, and Next Generation Sequencing was used to examine the results. The result found 2,413 Amplicon Sequence Variance (ASVs) and 275,000 reads from seawater samples from 5 sites. 87 ASVs from the eukaryotic group (146,378 reads) and 1,926 ASVs from unidentified taxa (128,622 reads) were identified. The highest phylum of eukaryotic taxa obtained was Phylum Cnidaria, with 332 ASVs (72% of the total eukaryotic ASVs) and 77,428 reads (85% of the total eukaryotic reads). There are 43 species of eukaryotes, including the Cnidaria group-based eDNA. The results show 14 species of scleractinian and different species compositions from each sampling location. In conclusion, the eDNA method has sensitive results in detecting 14 scleractinian species composition without destroying habitats and organisms. Knowledge regarding species diversity and distribution of taxa with eDNA assessment can be used as a reference in monitoring coral reef ecosystems on Lemukutan Island, Indonesia.