bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gazéification par pyrolyse éclair de quelques bois tropicaux. Comparaison entre pyrolyse rapide et pyrolyse lente classique
Authors: Doat Jacqueline , Déglise Xavier
Published: January 2025

Une pyrolyse éclair a été réalisée sur quelques bois tropicaux :- les espèces de reboisement,- mélanges hétérogènes ayant une composition chimique spécifique (espèces riches en lignine, en extraits ou en carbohydrates (cellulose + pentosanes).Quatre températures ont été sélectionnées : 500, 700, 900 et 1000 °C.A titre de référence, les bois tempérés, la cellulose et la lignine ont été testés dans les mêmes conditions. Les résultats ont montré que la température élevée favorise la gazéification avec une augmentation particulière du monoxyde de carbone et des hydrocarbures.L'ajout d'eau ou de catalyseurs améliore les rendements lorsque la réaction se déroule à haute température.En revanche, les résultats de la gazéification dépendent de la composition chimique des matières premières. Il existe une corrélation inverse entre la lignine présente dans le bois et la production de gaz.La lignine pure est plus difficile à gazéifier que la cellulose pure.Enfin, une comparaison entre la pyrolyse lente (d'une durée de 10 heures) et la pyrolyse éclair (d'une durée d'une seconde) a montré que la première produit à 500° autant de gaz que la seconde à 700°, mais que la composition volumétrique est différente, le gaz de carbonisation lente contenant une plus grande proportion de CO2 que de CO. Cependant, pour les températures élevées, la pyrolyse rapide permet d'obtenir des rendements gazeux plus importants au détriment du charbon, qui peut même disparaître complètement dans certains cas.
Livro de Resumos: LIX Congresso Anual da SBFis
Authors:   Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia
Published: January 2025

CONGRESSO SBFis CAXAMBÚ 2024 13 – 18 setembro 2024 Book of Abstracts - LIX Annual Congress of the SBFis (Brazilian Society of Physiology) 13 – 18 September 2024
Wrapping permanent cordon arms tightly around the cordon wire negatively impacts vine performance
Authors: O’Brien Patrick , Collins Cassandra , De Bei Roberta
Published: January 2025

In certain winegrowing regions, it is a common practice to wrap canes very tightly around the cordon wire during the establishment of permanent cordon arms. This method of training may result in a constriction of the vascular system, leading to numerous deleterious impacts on vine growth, production, and longevity. This article summarises some of the key findings of previously published research regarding the use of this training method in South Australian vineyards.
Analysis of Potable Water Quality in Densely Populated Residential Environments (Case Study in Condongcatur Village)
Authors: Said Ahmad , Suharno  , Biyanti Shupynur , Sapitri
Published: January 2025

Yogyakarta is a densely populated province in Indonesia. In order to maintain the comfort and health of the people of Yogyakarta, this study aims to analyze the quality of drinking water sources used by residents of Depok District with a population density of 3691.76 people/km2 in 2021, by taking water samples in Condongcatur Housing. The research was conducted by water intake survey method and testing experiments based on SNI No. 01-3554-2006 through test parameters of odor, taste, turbidity, pH, TDS, nitrite, nitrate, chloride, iron, and manganese levels. Based on the results of organoleptic and instrumental testing, the tested water samples were found to have met the quality standards set by PERMENKES RI No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010. Thus, the source of drinking water used by Condongcatur residents has met the required qualifications. This may be because local residents were able to maintain their water quality from human activities that can pollute the water quality. Nevertheless, water quality must always be maintained at all times considering the population in the area is increasing.
Keywords: Water, drinkable water quality, populated residential environment
Optimizing The Use of Carbon Black in Dock Bearings By Considering The Physical Properties of The Product
Authors: Seno Wulung R Bagus , Prasetyo Bangun Dwi
Published: January 2025

Carbon black merupakan bahan pengisi atau filler yang kerap digunakan dalam pembuatan kompon karet pada bantalan dermaga. Perusahaan selalu menggunakan carbon black N330 sebanyak 55 Phr pada produknya. Penelitian ini ingin melakukan pengujian apakah dosis yang biasa ditambahkan merupakan dosis terbaik berdasar hasil pengujian fisis karet. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini memodelkan pengaruh penambahan carbon black terhadap performansi uji fisis sekaligus mencari titik optimumnya. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu uji kekuatan tarik atau tensile strength, uji ketahanan sobek dan uji kekerasan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan semakin bertambahnya bahan pengisi carbon black maka nilai uji kekuatan tarik, ketahanan sobek dan kekerasan akan meningkat. Akan tetapi setelah titik tertentu, penambahan carbon black membuat kekuatan tarik dan ketahanan sobek menurun. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model matematis  dan nilai optimal uji kekuatan tarik dan ketahanan sobek berdasarkan model. Sedangkan uji perpanjangan putus menunjukkan bahwa semakin bertambahnya bahan pengisi carbon black akan menurunkan nilai dari perpanjangan putus. Dengan menggunakan penelitian ini, perusahaan dapat menentukan jumlah carbon black yang optimum.
Penurunan Total Dissolved Solid Untuk Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (Air Demineral) Menggunakan Metode Ion Exchange
Authors: Muhtarom Ahmad amiruddin , Nofa Alif ya , Kustomo Kustomo
Published: January 2025

Air merupakan zat yang terpenting dalam kehidupan manusia setelah udara. Hampir tiga per empat bagian dari tubuh kita adalah air dan tidak ada seorang pun dapat bertahan hidup lebih dari 4-5 hari tanpa minum air. Sumber air baku untuk air minum yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan adalah air sumur, sungai dan Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum . Setidaknya ada 3 faktor yang menyebabkan air asam tambang terbentuk yakni maerial yang mengandung mineral-mineral sulfida, air, dan udara sehingga lingkungan penyedia air seperti sungai, telaga, dll disekitarnya ikut tercemar Masalahnya sungai yang dahulu merupakan sumber utama penyediaan air bagi penduduk kualitasnya mulai menurun. Dalam hal ini Praktis dan higenis dari AMDK menjadi keperluan yang penting bagi masyarakat dengan gaya hidup serta mobilitas yang tinggi dalam mencukupi kebutuhan konsumsi air minum sehari-hari. Disediakan mesin treatment berupa 3x2 tabung yang dihubungkan secara pararel dengan pipa air, 3 tabung tersebut berisi resin kation, resin anion, dan karbon aktif. Tirta Mekar Jaya yang mempunyai hak milik dengan merk dagang AXOGY Mengacu pada proses penurunan TDS telah diatur oleh permenperind No.
Analisis Lemak dan Asam Lemak Jenuh pada Jagung Rebus di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian Bogor
Authors: Utami Maisari , Azizah Zelia Kusumo  , Danuwarsa
Published: January 2025

Penelitian tentang pengujian kadar lemak dan asam lemak jenuh dari jagung rebus telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar lemak dan asam lemak jenuh secara kuantitatif dari  sampel jagung rebus hasil panen pertanian. Analisis kadar lemak dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhletasi, sedangkan analisis kadar asam lemak jenuh dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi gas dengan menggunakan Flame Ionization Detector (FID) sebagai detektor. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan rata-rata dari kadar lemak menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhletasi dari dua sampel jagung yang berbeda dengan pengulangan sebanyak dua kali adalah 0,57%, hasil ini diantaranya 0,58% dari sampel jagung rebus I (simplo), 0,51% dari sampel jagung rebus I (duplo), 0,60% dari sampel jagung rebus II (simplo) dan 0,59% dari sampel jagung rebus II (duplo). Sedangkan, diperoleh jumlah total asam lemak jenuh menggunakan metode kromatografi gas adalah 20,43% dengan masing-masing yang terkandung 0,05% dari asam miristat, 0,12% dari asam laurat dan 20,26% dari asam palmitat.
Elimination Of Manganese Interference With EDTA Masking In Determination of Nickel and Lead In Pyrolusite Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Landi Pote Lodowik , Anggelinus Nadut
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang eliminasi interferensi mangan dengan penopengan EDTA pada penentuan nikel dan timbal dalam pirolusit menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) dengan nyala udara-asetilen. Pelarutan sampel pirolusit dilakukan dengan destruksi cara basah menggunakan larutan akua regia dan HF dengan rasio 3:4 (v/v). Kajian interferensi dilakukan terhadap absorbansi nikel dan timbal dengan penambahan mangan dengan variasi konsentrasi 100-5000 μg/mL yang diukur pada panjang gelombang 232,0 nm dan lebar celah 0,2 nm untuk nikel dan panjang gelombang 283,3 nm dan lebar celah 0,7 nm untuk timbal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mangan pada konsentrasi 100-5000 μg/mL dapat mengganggu absorbansi nikel dan timbal, dimana absorbansi nikel dan timbal meningkat. Hasil temu balik (Recovery) nikel, timbal dan mangan dengan penopengan EDTA 0,10 M dan mengekstraksi nikel, timbal dan mangan ke dalam kloroform dengan pengompleks natrium dietil ditiokarbamat pada pH 2 diperoleh nikel (85,39%), timbal (92,63%) dan mangan (0,00%). Kandungan nikel dan timbal sampel pirolusit sebelum ekstraksi dengan rata-rata kandungan nikel dan timbal adalah 1817,82±9,42 μg/g dan 122,81±7,60 μg/g. Kandungan nikel dan timbal setelah interferensi mangan dihilangkan dengan penopengan EDTA 0,1 M pada pH 2 dan dikomplekskan dengan DDC dalam kloroform diperoleh kandungan rata-rata 1571,32±7,54 μg/g untuk nikel dan 87,65±7,53 μg untuk timbal.
Kata kunci: Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom, Interferensi, penopengan EDTA, Ekstraksi, Nikel dan Timbal.
THE POTENTIAL OF PALM SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON AS AN ADSORBENT FOR HEAVY METALS IN THE RECYCLING PROCESS OF USED LUBRICATING OIL
Authors: Zilfa Zilfa , Safni  , Amanda Selya
Published: January 2025

Penggunaan bahan bakar semakin meningkat karena semakin banyaknya kendaraan., Begitu juga pemakaian minyak pelumas semakin bertambah. Fungsi minyak pelumas pada kendaraan adalah untuk mengurangi friksi dan keausan pada komponen mesin yang bergesekan. Dalam jangka waktu tertentu minyak pelumas tidak efisien lagi untuk digunakan dan perlu diganti dengan yang baru. Dalam rangka efisiensi penggunaan minyak bumi dan mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan, pelumas bekas perlu di daur ulang kembali. Adapun metoda penanggulangan perbaikan kualitas pelumas bekas adalah dengan melakukan penyerapan kontaminan logam berat menggunakan karbon aktif cangkang sawit. Efisiensi adsorpsi karbon aktif sebagai adsorben logam berat pada pelumas bekas diamati dengan memvariasikan parameter adsorpsi waktu kontak, massa adsorben dan volume sampel. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penyerapan beberapa logam berat diantaranya adalah logam Fe, Pb dan Zn. Analisis hasil penyerapan dilakukan dengan AAS, FTIR, XRD dan XRF. Hasil menunjukkan adsorpsi logam pada pelumas bekas menggunakan adsorben karbon aktif cangkang sawit sebanyak 0,73 g, dengan waktu kontak 3 jam dengan volume sampel sebanyak 5 Ml persen penyerapan mencapai 90 % untuk logam Fe, Pb dan Zn.. Analisis pelumas bekas sebelum dan setelah adsorpsi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan terjadinya pergeseran bilangan gelombang yang menandakan terjadinya proses adsorpsi.
Biokomposit dari Serat Daun Nanas dan Serat Fiberglass Menggunakan Matriks dari Limbah Tutup Galon
Authors: Alfi Syahrin Yuliantari  , Ulya Nadhatul Shifa  , Arifianto Adi Wibowo  , Hidayat Arif
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis matriks dengan serat alam dan sintetis sebagai penguat komposit terhadap kekuatan tarik dan bending komposit. Jenis matrik yang digunakan adalah limbah tutup galon sedangkan jenis serat yang digunakan adalah serat daun nanas dan fiberglass. Perbandingan antara bahan matriks dan bahan penguat pada sampel divariasikan. Pengujian tarik menggunakan ukuran standar ASTM D638 sedangkan pengujian bending menggunakan ukuran standar ASTM C393. Kekuatan tarik tertinggi secara keseluruhan terdapat pada penguat serat daun nanas terhadap matrik tutup galon dengan nilai tegangan tarik maksimum sebesar 30,39 MPa pada perbandingan 1:4. Sedangkan kekuatan tarik terendah terdapat pada serat daun nanas terhadap limbah tutup galon dengan nilai tegangan tarik terendah sebesar 3,88 MPa pada perbandingan 1:4.
Pengaruh Kondisi Kultur Terhadap Karakteristik Selulosa Bakterial dari Air Kelapa Sebagai Membran untuk Filtrasi Methylene Blue
Authors: Deby Febrianty Isba Diputri  , Muhammad Hammam Zufar Annafie  , Mutiara Tintin , Ari Tri Marwanto
Published: January 2025

Semakin berkembangnya industri mengakibatkan semakin bertambahnya volume limbah yang dibuang ke lingkungan. Salah satu kandungan bahan pencemar yang terdapat di limbah dan cukup berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan ekosistem adalah zat warna. Hingga saat ini telah ditemukan berbagai metode untuk mengolah zat warna dari limbah cair. Metode pengolahan limbah dengan ultrafiltrasi merupakan salah satu metode yang minim kelemahan. Metode pengolahan limbah cair dengan ultrafiltrasi membran mampu menawarkan berbagai aplikasi potensial. Selulosa bakterial telah menjadi biopolimer yang sangat menjanjikan untuk proses pemisahan karena biokompabilitasnya. Pada penelitian ini diterapkan berbagai kondisi kultur untuk mengetahui kondisi kultur yang optimum untuk menghasilkan membran selulosa bakterial. Membran B4 yang dihasilkan memiliki kemampuan filtrasi larutan MB terbaik, dengan nilai %removal sebesar 73,24%.
Ekstraksi Antosianin Kulit Buah Naga dan Purifikasi dengan Metode Adsorpsi Menggunakan Amberlite IRC 120
Authors: Venitalitya Augustia  , Syamsurizal  , Bagus Ridwan Wibisono  , Fiqran Mau Ratu Wara  , Wida Banar Kusumaningrum
Published: January 2025

Kulit buah naga merupakan limbah hasil pertanian yang mengandung zat warna alami antosianin cukup tinggi. Pengambilan zat warna antosianin dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi. Ekstraksi zat warna antosianin pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi padat-cair. Potongan kulit buah naga yang telah dikeringkan dengan oven diekstraksi dengan campuran pelarut etanol, asam asetat, dan aquades. Tahap pemurnian dilakukan dengan metode adsorpsi, desorpsi, dan analisis kesetimbangan adsorpsi isotermalal dengan cara mencampurkan ekstrak kulit buah naga dengan adsorben teraktivasi amberlite dengan perbandingan  (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20). Analisis kadar antosianin dilakukan dengan analisa antosianin monomerik dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa ekstrak murni kulit buah naga menghasilkan kadar antosianin terbesar yaitu 24,1299 mg/L. Perbandingan dengan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi pada perbandingan 1:20 sebesar 0,1169 mg/g. Hasil adsorpsi diketahui berkorelasi paling baik menggunakan isotermal Freundlich dengan nilai determinasi sebesar 0,992 menggunakan suhu 30 Celcius.
Effect of Grinzest Bioadditives on BBM Fuel Consumption in Mining Vehicles at PT Arutmin Indonesia Kintap
Authors: Fitri Noor , Sulistia Dona , Abraham Ali , Aditya Dharma Irfan , Habibullah Marhaban , Maulana Ibnu , Effendi Fuad , Khofifah  , Mauludiyah Riskiyatul , Sukri Qomarudin , Syahputra Rahmat , Ila Nurhuddah Ika
Published: January 2025

Mining industry activities have a very high dependence on fuel consumption. This dependence on the use of fuel is because diesel fuel is the main energy source to drive vehicle activities in the mining industry. Fuel consumption of PT. Arutmin Indonesia Tambang Kintap is around 40% of production costs. Given this substantial fuel demand, improving fuel efficiency is crucial, making fuel-saving measures essential. One approach to reducing fuel consumption involves adding bio-additives to enhance the fuel combustion process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding Grinzest bio additives to the fuel used by heavy machinery at PT. Arutmin Indonesia Tambang Kintap. The research steps include: (1) characterization of the fuel and bio additives; (2) blending fuel with Grinzest bio additives; (3) characterization of BBM-Grinzest blending; (4) testing the performance of Grinzest bioadditives on heavy machinery. The results of the study showed that Grinzest bio additives were able to reduce fuel consumption, reduce gas emission levels, and prevent rust (deposits) on the engine. The results of tests conducted by the team in the field showed that the addition of bioadditives to fuel with a ratio of 1:1000 showed a decrease in fuel consumption of around 7.4%.
Cold Collapse and Bounce of a FLRW Cloud
Authors: Pradhan Swaraj , Gabler Michael , Gaztanaga Enrique
Published: January 2025

We study the collapse of spherical cold clouds beyond black hole (BH) formation to investigate the possibility of a bounce in the in-falling matter when a critical density or pressure is reached. As a first step, we analyze the pressureless collapse in general relativity (GR), where an analytic solution exists, and demonstrate that an equivalent Newtonian solution can be derived. Such equivalence also holds for spherically symmetric perfect fluids with uniform density and non-vanishing pressure. We numerically investigate the Newtonian collapse of such clouds with masses of $5$, $20$, and $1000$ M$_\odot$ obeying a polytropic equation of state (EoS). By choosing EoS parameters inspired by typical neutron star conditions, we observe bounces at and above nuclear saturation density. Assuming approximate uniformity, we explore the equivalent GR behaviour of the matter during the bounce. Our findings are: i) A GR bounce occurs around the ground state of the matter, characterized by $P = -\rho$. ii) The GR solution significantly differs from the Newtonian result due to the presence of curvature ($k \neq 0$). iii) Both the curvature and the ground state are crucial factors in allowing a GR bounce to occur.
Code Revival: Fluid Motion in a Curved Pipe
Authors: Basse Nils Tångefjord
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a revival of FORTRAN 66 code which calculates flow through curved pipes. Results from the code were originally presented in [Greenspan, D. Secondary flow in a curved tube. J. Fluid Mech. 1973, 57, 167-176]. The coupled non-linear system of partial differential equations was solved numerically using a finite difference method. We demonstrate a step-by-step code revival process and compare original (coarse) results to updated (fine) solutions. Both the structure of streamwise (primary) and secondary flows are covered. The purpose of our paper is to make the code available as modern Fortran for the scientific community. The code runs quickly on modern hardware architectures and enables fast understanding of the physical effects included.
Fourier-Transformation-Based Analysis of X-Ray Diffraction Pattern of Keratin for Cancer Detection
Authors: Alekseev Alexander , Avdieiev Oleksii , Murokh Sasha , Yuk Delvin , Lazarev Alexander , Labelle Daizie , Mourokh Lev , Lazarev Pavel
Published: January 2025

As the number of cancer cases and deaths growing around the world, fast, non-invasive, and inexpensive screening is paramount. We examine the feasibility of such cancer detection using the X-ray scattering properties of nails in the canine model. 945 samples taken from 266 dogs were measured, with 84 animals diagnosed with cancer. To analyze the obtained X-ray diffraction patterns of keratin, we propose a method based on the two-dimensional Fourier transformation of the images. We compare 745 combinations of data preprocessing steps and machine learning classifiers and determine corresponding performance metrics. Excellent classification results are demonstrated, with sensitivity or specificity achieving 100% and the best value for balanced accuracy being 87.5%. We believe that our approach can be extended to human samples to develop a non-invasive, convenient, and cheap method for early cancer detection.
Enhancing Financial Risk Management with Federated AI
Authors: Dhanawat Vineet , Shinde Varun , Karande Vishal , Singhal Kartik
Published: January 2025

Fraudulent transactions are a persistent challenge for financial institutions, demanding robust detection systems to maintain customer trust. Key obstacles include the rarity of fraud cases, leading to imbalanced datasets, and strict privacy regulations limiting data sharing. Additionally, fraud detection must be transparent to preserve user trust. This research addresses these issues by combining Federated Learning (FL) and Explainable AI (XAI), allowing institutions to collaboratively train models without sharing data, thus protecting privacy while ensuring model transparency and interpretability.
The Pharmaceutical Industry in 2024: An Analysis of FDA Drug Approvals from the Perspective of Molecules
Authors: de la Torre Beatriz G. , Albericio Fernando
Published: January 2025

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized 50 new drugs in 2024, which matches the average figure for recent years (2018–2023). The approval of 13 monoclonal anti-bodies (mAbs) sets a new record, with these molecules accounting for more than 25% of all drugs authorized this year. Three proteins have been added to the list of biologics, and with the inclusion of four TIDES (two oligonucleotides and two peptides), only one in three approved drugs this year is a small molecule. As in 2023, no antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) has reached the market this year. Two deuterated drugs have been approved, bringing the total approvals for this class of compounds to four. This year saw the authorization of two more PEGylated drugs—both pep-tides—highlighting a renewed interest in this strategy for extending drug half-life, despite the setback caused by the withdrawal of peginesatide from the market in 2014 due to adverse side effects. N-aromatic heterocycles and F are present in two-thirds of all the small molecules (no biologics, no TIDES) approved this year. Herein, the 50 new drugs authorized by the FDA in 2024 are analyzed exclusively on the basis of their chemical structure. They are classified as the following: biologics (antibodies, proteins); TIDES (oligonucleotides and peptide); combined drugs; natural products; F-containing molecules, nitrogen aromatic heterocycles; aromatic compounds, and other small molecules.
The Experience of Pain in Hypermobility Ehlers Danlos Syndrome: Having No Words for Feelings and Sharing Emotions. The Alexithymia Role
Authors: Camerota Filippo , Mariani Rachele , Petronelli Giada , Rabissi Beatriz , Vizzini Marta A.S. , Di Trani Michela , Roselli Valentina , Pasquini Massimo , Renzi Alessia , Celletti Claudia
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypermobility Ehlers Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is a clinical condition characterized by hypermobility and tissue fragility and associated to chronic pain. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between affect regulation, pain perception and psychophysical dimensions.
Methods: Twenty-five hEDS patients completed tests assessing pain experience, pain intensity, emotion regulation, alexithymia and quality of life. A regression analysis was performed on the total sample, in order to investigate the relationship between alexithymia, pain, emotional regulation and perception of quality of life.
Results: A high percentage of alexithymia emerged. Negative significant associations emerged between quality-of-life scale and both emotion regulation scale and scales as well as with alexithymia scale and difficulties in identifying and describing feelings. Moreover, a relationship between hEDS and psychological variables concern the time of diagnosis appear.
Discussion: Patients with hEDS seems to refer alexithymia; pain seems to interfere with practical aspects of daily life, and may reduce an individual's awareness of their emotional capabilities. Perception of heightened pain has a stronger impact on emotional resources when it interferes with affective life, rather than with practical life. Finally, delayed diagnoses of hEDS entail psychological consequence such as alexithymia.
Conclusion: All these aspects may interfere with the possibility of patients to be understood for clinicians and a particular attention is needed also to define the rehabilitative approach.
Brain Insulin Resistance Is Related to Carbohydrate Consumption and the Presence of Carbonylated Proteins, While Peripheral Insulin Resistance Is Linked to Fat Consumption and the Presence of Malondialdehyde
Authors: Salazar-Hernández Elena , Bahena-Cuevas Oscar Ezequiel , Mendoza-Bello Juan Miguel , Barragán-Bonilla Martha Isela , Sánchez-Alavez Manuel , Espinoza-Rojo Mónica
Published: January 2025

Consumption of high fat (HFD) or carbohydrates (LFD) diets are related to insu-lin resistance; however, central and peripheral alterations can occur independently. The timeline of insulin resistance was determined taking in consideration the role of diet on oxidative damage. Background/Objectives: The aim to this study was to ascertain whether HFD or LFD induces peripheral insulin resistance (PIR) before brain insulin re-sistance (BIR), and whether the timing of these alterations correlates with heightened oxi-dative damage markers in plasma, adipose tissue and cerebral cortex. Methodology and results: 3-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with either HFD, LFD, or standard diet for 1, 2, or 3 months. Glucose and insulin tolerance test were performed to determine PIR, and hypothalamic thermogenic response to insulin was used to determine BIR status. For oxidative damage, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl group (PCO), and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated in plasma, white adipose tissue, brown fat and brain cortex. PIR occurred at 3 months of HFD how-ever MDA levels in the white adipose tissue increased at 2 months. BIR occurred at 1 and 2 months of LFD but the enzymatic activity of GSH-Px was lower at one month and the amount of PCO increased at 2 months. Conclusion: The use of HFD or LFD at different duration can influence the establishment of PIR or BIR, and oxidative damage in the fat tissue and cerebral cortex can play an important role.
Comparison of the Effects of Sugammadex Recommended Dose (2mg/Kg) and Fixed Dose of 200mg on the Reversal of Moderate Neuromuscular Block and Recovery Profile in Adult Patients
Authors: Jung Ji-Yoon , Cho Sung-Ae , Kwon Woojin , Kim Hongwook , Sung Tae-Yun
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Neuromuscular blocking agents are essential to ensure optimal surgical conditions during general anesthesia. Sugammadex, a selective binding agent, is widely used to reverse neuromuscular blockade. While weight-based dosing (2 mg/kg for moderate blockade) is recommended, many clinicians administer a fixed dose of 200 mg in clinical practice, potentially leading to overdosing. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and recovery profiles of weight-based and fixed-dose sugammadex in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 20 patients were divided into two groups: the recommended dose group (R group, 2 mg/kg) and the fixed dose group (F group, 200 mg). Primary outcomes included time to achieve a normalized train-of-four (TOF) ratio of 0.9. Secondary outcomes included recovery time, time to spontaneous respiration, response to verbal commands and extubation, and adverse events. Results: The median time to achieve a normalized TOF ratio of 0.9 was 2.3 minutes in the R group and 2.0 minutes in the F group (P = 0.529). Secondary outcomes, including recovery time and time to extubation showed no significant differences. Adverse events were minimal and comparable between groups. Conclusions: The fixed-dose sugammadex (200 mg) demonstrated similar efficacy and safety to weight-based dosing (2 mg/kg) in reversing moderate depth of neuromuscular blockade. While sugammadex has a wide safety margin, weight-based dosing remains essential to prevent potential overdosing, particularly in patients with lower body weight or significant comorbidities.
First-Line Treatments for Unresectable Pleural Mesothelioma: Indirect Comparisons Based on Individual Patient Data Reconstructed Retrospectively from 6 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Messori Andrea , Trippoli Sabrina , Piragine Eugenia , Veneziano Sara , Calderone Vincenzo
Published: January 2025

Background: In unresectable pleural mesothelioma, pemetrexed+cisplatin as first line is considered the standard of care, but novel treatments have been recently proposed. Methods: Our objective was to compare, albeit indirectly, the results of randomized controlled trials on overall survival (OS) The IPDfromKM method was employed for reconstruct individual patient data (IPD) from the graphs of Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox statistics was run to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results: After a literature search on Medline (via PubMed) and Scopus databases, six randomized controlled trials were identified in which five new treatments (nivolumab plus ipilimumab, bevacizumab plus pemetrexed plus cisplatin, chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab, ONCOS-102 plus pemetrexed plus cisplatin/carboplatin, cediranib plus pemetrexed+cisplatin with maintenance with cediranib) were evaluated. In 5 trials, pemetrexed plus cisplatin was the standard of care given to the control arms. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab, bevacizumab plus pemetrexed plus cisplatin, and chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab showed a significantly better OS compared with controls. ONCOS-102 plus pemetrexed plus cisplatin/carboplatin did not significantly improve OS. In contrast, OS worsened with cisplatin alone and with cediranib plus pemetrexed+cisplatin with maintenance with cediranib. Discussion: Our analysis indicates that, in patients with unresectable pleural mesothelioma, three of the five novel treatments provided a significant survival benefit compared with the standard of care. Further research is needed to confirm the OS benefit found in our analysis with some treatments, whereas cisplatin alone and cediranib plus pemetrexed+cisplatin with maintenance with cediranib do not seem to deserve further research.
Unveiling Racial Disparities in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Systems-Level Exploration of the lncRNA Landscape
Authors: Morgan Rebecca , Hazard E Starr , Savage Stephen J , Halbert Chanita Hughes , Gattoni-Celli Sebastiano , Hardiman Gary
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men globally, with significant racial disparities. Men of African descent (AF) are more likely to develop PC and face higher mortality compared to men of European descent (EU). The biological mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), recognized as key regulators of gene expression and immune processes, have emerged as potential contributors to these disparities. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of lncRNAs in localized PC in AF men relative to EUs and assess their involvement in immune response and inflammation. Methods: A systems biology approach was employed to analyze differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and their roles in prostate cancer (PC). Immune-related pathways were investigated through over-representation analysis of lncRNA-mRNA networks. The study also examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation on lncRNA expression in African descent (AF) PC patients, highlighting potential regulatory roles in immune response and inflammation. Results: Key lncRNAs specific to AF men were identified, with several implicated in immune response and inflammatory processes. Notably, 10 out of the top 11 ranked lncRNAs demonstrated strong interactions with immune-related genes. Pathway analysis revealed their regulatory influence on Antigen Processing and Presentation, Chemokine Signaling, and Ribosome pathways, suggesting critical roles in immune regulation. Conclusions: These findings highlight the pivotal role of lncRNAs in PC racial disparities, particularly through immune modulation. The identified lncRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets to address racial disparities in PC outcomes.
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Santiago-Guadalajara River Basin, Mexico
Authors: González-Díaz Rosa Leonor , de Anda José , Shear Harvey , Padilla-Tovar Luis Eduardo , Lugo-Melchor Ofelia Yadira , Olvera-Vargas Luis Alberto
Published: January 2025

The Santiago-Guadalajara River Basin has an area of 10,016.46 km2. The Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara, within the basin, is the second largest city in the country, with more than 5 million inhabitants. The growths of the urban population, as well as industrial and agricultural activities with insufficient infrastructure for the sanitation of wastewater and its reuse, have caused environmental deterioration of surface waters and gradual depletion of groundwater resources. To assess the level of contamination in surface waters from the presence of heavy metals in the basin, a monthly monitoring campaign was carried out at 25 sampling stations located in the main and tributary streams from July 2021 to April 2022. The following decreasing sequence was found according to the mean concentration values: Fe>Al>Mn>B >Ba>Zn>As>Cu>Cr>Ni>Cd. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) method was applied to assess the level of risk to aquatic life, finding an average global HPI value of = 314.436 for the basin, which classifies it as in the critical contamination range. Regarding human health, results reflect concerning health risks due to presence of As, Cd, and Ni in some stations and require increased monitoring measures, as well as pollution control, to protect aquatic life and human health from heavy metal contamination.
Coarse-Grained Monte Carlo Simulations of Graphene-Enhanced Geopolymer Nanocomposite Nucleation
Authors: Izadifar Mohammadreza , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eduardus
Published: January 2025

Geopolymer nanocomposites, incorporating pristine graphene-based nanomaterials, are at the forefront of research in advanced construction materials, improving mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. This study investigates the nucleation mechanisms of geopolymers on pristine graphene substrates, namely graphene reinforced geopolymer nanocomposite (GRGN), by analyzing nanostructure particle sizes, pore size distributions, cluster sizes, and system energy at a pH of 11, compared to a system without graphene nanosheets. Seven distinct monomer species were selected to observe cluster evolution over numerous iterations, providing insights into the dynamic nature of geopolymer nucleation on graphene-based substrates. Thus, the computed adsorption energies, based on the recent DFT studies, reveal interactions between aluminosilicate species and graphene nanomaterials. Furthermore, implementation of energy values from dimerization reactions among monomer species, as reported earlier, introduces tetrahedral geometrical constraints, crucial for understanding how particles aggregate into clusters. The findings indicated that fewer particles participate in cluster formation in the system containing a graphene nanosheet compared to the one without it. However, the system with the graphene nanosheet exhibits more favorable energy. This contrast is likely due to the higher adsorption energy between the graphene nanosheet, and the particles involved in cluster formation. This research underscores the significant potential of geopolymer nanocomposites and their role in shaping the future of construction materials.
Land Cover Transformation and Population Growth: Impacts on the Coastal Environment of the Gambia (1990–2020)
Authors: Dibba Bintou , Yaffa Sidat , Sawaneh Mamma , Adzawla William
Published: January 2025

The coastal zone of The Gambia, which contributes 36% to the country’s GDP, has experienced considerable transformation due to increased socioeconomic development and urbanization. This growth has significantly altered the coastal landscape, intensifying pressure on the environment and increasing vulnerability to climate hazards. A study assessing land cover changes and population growth used cloud-free Landsat imagery from 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The analysis classified land cover into five categories: barren land, built-up areas, vegetation cover, water bodies, and wetlands. The findings highlighted dramatic changes in land cover over the past three decades. Barren land increased by 46%, and built-up areas surged by 680%. In contrast, vegetation cover decreased by 35%, water bodies by 31%, and wetlands by 14%. These transformations correlate with rising population densities along the coastline, particularly within 10-25 km of the shore. The substantial growth in built-up areas and reduction in vegetation are directly linked to urbanization and population pressure. This rapid change exacerbates the vulnerability of coastal communities to climate-related hazards such as flooding and tropical windstorms. To address these challenges, it is crucial for the government and stakeholders to implement policies that manage coastal congestion and encourage development in inland regions. Such measures should consider the impacts of population growth on coastal environments and aim to ensure the long-term sustainability of The Gambia’s coastal ecosystems by mitigating risks associated with climate change.
Exploring Human–AI Dynamics in Enhancing Workplace Safety and Health: A Narrative Review
Authors: Fiegler-Rudol Jakub , Lau Karolina , Mroczek Alina , Kasperczyk Janusz
Published: January 2025

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing occupational health and safety (OHS) by addressing workplace hazards and enhancing employee well-being. This review explores the broader context of increasing automation and digitalization, focusing on the role of human–AI interaction in improving workplace safety, health, and productivity while considering associated challenges. Methods: A narrative review methodology was employed, involving a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies published within the last 15 years. The review included studies examining AI applications in OHS, such as wearable technologies, predictive analytics and ergonomic tools, with a focus on their contributions and limitations. Results: Key findings demonstrate that AI enhances hazard detection, enables real-time monitoring, and improves training through immersive simulations, significantly contributing to safer and more efficient workplaces. However, challenges such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic biases, and reduced worker autonomy were identified as significant barriers to broader AI adoption in OHS. Conclusions: AI holds great promise in transforming OHS practices, but its integration requires ethical frameworks and human-centric collaboration models to ensure transparency, equity, and worker empowerment. Addressing these challenges will allow workplaces to harness the full potential of AI in creating, workplaces can leverage AI to foster safer, healthier, and more sustainable environments.
Depolymerization of PET with n-Hexylamine, n-Octylamine, and with 3-Amino-1-Propanol Affording Terephthalamides
Authors: Hiruba Sumiho , Ogiwara Yohei , Nomura Kotohiro
Published: January 2025

Chemical conversion of plastic waste has been considered as important subject in terms of circular economy, and chemical recycling and upcycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been considered as one of the important subjects. In this study, depolymerization of PET with n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, and with 3-amino-1-propanol have been explored in the presence of Cp*TiCl3 (Cp* = C5Me5). The reactions of PET with n-hexylamine, n-octylamine at 130 ºC afforded the corresponding di(n-alkyl) terephthalamides in high yields (>90 %), and Cp*TiCl3 plays a role as the catalyst to facilitate the conversion in the exclusive selectivity. The reaction of PET with 3-amino-1-propanol proceeded at 100 ºC even in the absence of Ti catalyst, affording bis(3-hydroxy) terephthalamide in high yields. Unique contrast in the depolymerization of PET between by transesterification with alcohol and by aminolysis has been demonstrated.
Evaluating Conservation Efficiency: Metrics for Management of Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves in Brazil
Authors: Degaspari Iracema Alves Manoel , Monteiro Dionne Cavalcante , Junior Dirson Antônio Garcia , Brito Edgar Alberto de , Gomede Everton , Schwertner Gilberto , Breda Gean Davis
Published: January 2025

The Brazilian Forest Code regulates Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reserves (LR) in all federation states. These areas support the maintenance of ecological functions and are essential for biodiversity conservation and environmental balance. However, their implementation faces significant challenges, especially in supporting agribusiness expansion, and their management is required for economic development while preserving natural habitats. Our study relies on data from the Rural Environmental Registry (RER), managed by the Brazilian Federal Government, to assess PPA and LR in São Paulo. We apply the geometric metrics Circularity Index, Edge Factor, Fractal Dimension, and Compactness Index to evaluate these protected areas’ shape and physical characteristics per singular and group of areas. The results highlight the correlation between the shape of these areas and their ecological functions, including their vulnerability to edge effects and habitat degradation. Moreover, the large-scale analysis correlating several areas revealed the complexity of these landscapes with different degrees of connectivity, vulnerability, and ecological efficiencies, assessing 645 districts. In conclusion, the results provide a framework for implementing protected areas that support ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation, particularly for enhancing agricultural productivity.
Occult Thyroid Cancer in Autoimmune Thyroiditis: Lymph Node Ultrasound as the Sole Diagnostic Indicator of Malignancy in a Pediatric Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Szwarkowska Maria , Kaleta Konrad , Jurek Aleksandra , Kujdowicz Monika , Taczanowska-Niemczuk Anna , Kiszka-Wiłkojć Aleksandra , Maślanka Marcin , Górecki Wojciech , Starzyk Jerzy B. , Januś Dominika
Published: January 2025

Background: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a common thyroid disorder in children, linked to an increased risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AIT's characteristic ultraso-nographic features can obscure PTC, delaying diagnosis. Case Presentation: An 11-year-old girl with a two-year history of AIT presented with persistently elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels despite levothyroxine therapy. Examination revealed a firm, slightly enlarged right thyroid lobe. Serial thyroid ultrasounds showed typical AIT features, with no apparent tumor. However, cervical lymph node ultrasound detected a suspicious lymph node with pathological vascularization. Fine-needle aspiration suggested possible PTC metastasis. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with central and right lateral neck dissection. Histopathology confirmed mul-tifocal PTC with cervical lymph node metastases (pT3aN1bM0). Postoperative radioactive iodine therapy resulted in undetectable thyroglobulin levels, indicating biochemical response. Conclusion: Children with AIT may harbor occult PTC even without thyroid gland abnormalities suggestive of malignancy. Comprehensive ultrasound evaluation, including cervical lymph nodes, is vital for early detection and timely treatment.
Melatonin from Plants: Going Beyond Traditional Central Nervous System Targeting – A Comprehensive Review of its Unusual Health Benefits
Authors: Laurindo Lucas Fornari , Similli Otávio , Araújo Adriano Cressoni , Guiguer Elen Landgraf , Direito Rosa , Valenti Vitor Engrácia , de Oliveira Vitor , de Oliveira Juliana , Yanaguizawa Junior José Luiz , Dias Jefferson , Maria Durvanei Augusto , Rici Rose Eli Grassi , Bueno Manuela , Barbalho Sandra Maria
Published: January 2025

Melatonin was primarily identified for its indispensable roles in animals. Recently, it has been described as a potent regulator of several physiological pathways in plants. In humans, it has shown effects in the prevention or as an adjuvant treatment for several diseases mainly related to the immune system, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, a melatonin-rich diet is linked to several health benefits, such as regulation of the circadian rhythm, regulation of the immunological system, epilepsy control, reduced allergic reactions, delaying the aging process, diminishing hormones related to cancer, and delaying Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease symptoms. This review aimed to show the effects of melatonin in diseases beyond its traditional use. The outcome of clinical trials showed that it can present scavenging of free radicals (reducing reactive oxygen species) and inflammation (reducing the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines modulating the immune system. Moreover, it can minimize apoptosis, insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL-c, body mass index, adipose tissue mass, waist circumference, adhesion molecules, endothelial impairment, plaque formation, and muscle atrophy. It can also reduce hyperleptinemia, alanine aminotransferase, and liver fat. These effects result in neuro and cardioprotection, improvement of liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, COVID-19, polycystic ovaries, dermatitis, and sepsis. We conclude that plant melatonin can benefit patients with many diseases besides sleep problems and neurodegeneration. Plant melatonin may also be more cost-effective, less adverse, and more sustainable than synthetic; therefore, it is better than the typical already sold. However, more clinical trials should show adequate doses, formulation, and treatment time.
Synchronization, Optimization, and Adaptation of Machine Learning Techniques for Computer Vision in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Tank Kai Hung , Ghanem Mohamed Chahine , Vassilev Vassil , Ouazzane Karim
Published: January 2025

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) seamlessly integrate computers, networks, and physical devices, enabling machines to communicate, process data, and respond to real-world conditions in real-time. By bridging the digital and physical worlds, CPS ensures operations that are efficient, safe, innovative, and controllable. As smart cities and autonomous machines become more prevalent, understanding CPS is crucial for driving future progress. Recent advancements in edge computing, AI-driven vision, and collaborative systems have significantly enhanced CPS capabilities. Synchronization, optimization, and adaptation are intricate processes that impact CPS performance across different domains. Therefore, identifying emerging trends and uncovering research gaps is essential to highlight areas that require further investigation and improvement. A systematic review facilitates this process by allowing researchers to benchmark and compare various techniques, evaluate their effectiveness, and establish best practices. It provides evidence-based insights into optimal strategies for implementation while addressing potential trade-offs in performance, resource usage, and reliability. Additionally, such reviews help identify widely accepted standards and frameworks, contributing to the development of standardized approaches.