bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinopathies: Update on Development Progress
Authors: Sun Susan , Montezuma Sandra R.
Published: June 2018

Inherited retinopathies are a group of genetic disorders that lead to blindness and/or vision impairment. Until now, treatment options for inherited retinopathies largely remained limited to supportive therapy. Gene therapy is an attractive therapeutic technique that allows repair of diseased genes, and it has shown success in vision improvement for patients affected by retinal disorders caused by genetic mutations. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the first gene therapy treatment for the eye, indicated for biallelic RPE65 mutation associated Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), in December of 2017. Additionally, results from other ongoing clinical trials could further establish gene therapy as the milestone treatment that plays a role in disease process reversal for inherited retinopathies. This review article provides an update on the status of gene therapy for treatment of a variety of retinopathies, including LCA, choroideremia, achromatopsia, Stargardt disease, X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, and X-linked retinoschisis. Furthermore, this article explores transport methods of the genetic material, as well as therapy-delivery approaches used in the clinical setting.
Brandãoite, [BeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4](H2O), a new Be–Al phosphate mineral from the João Firmino mine, Pomarolli farm region, Divino das Laranjeiras County, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: description and crystal structure
Authors: Menezes Filho Luiz A. D. , Chaves Mário L. S. C. , Cooper Mark A. , Ball Neil A. , Abdu Yassir A. , Sharpe Ryan , Day Maxwell C. , Hawthorne Frank C.
Published: June 2018

Brandãoite, [BeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4](H2O), is a new Be–Al phosphate mineral from the João Firmino mine, Pomarolli farm region, Divino das Laranjeiras County, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, where it occurs in an albite pocket with other secondary phosphates, including beryllonite, atencioite and zanazziite, in a granitic pegmatite. It occurs as colourless acicular crystals <10 µm wide and <100 µm long that form compact radiating spherical aggregates up to 1.0–1.5 mm across. It is colourless and transparent in single crystals and white in aggregates, has a white streak and a vitreous lustre, is brittle and has conchoidal fracture. Mohs hardness is 6, and the calculated density is 2.353 g/cm3. Brandãoite is biaxial (+), α = 1.544, β = 1.552 and γ = 1.568, all ± 0.002; 2Vobs = 69.7(10)° and 2Vcalc = 71.2°. No pleochroism was observed. Brandãoite is triclinic, space group P$\bar{1}$, a = 6.100(4), b = 8.616(4), c = 10.261(5) Å, α = 93.191(11), β = 95.120(11), γ = 96.863(11)°, V = 532.1(8) Å3 and Z = 2. Chemical analysis of a 4 µm wide needle-shaped crystal by electron microprobe and secondary-ion mass spectrometry gave P2O5 = 28.42, Al2O3 = 20.15, BeO = 4.85, H2O = 21.47 and sum = 74.89 wt.%. The empirical formula, normalised on the basis of 15 anions pfu with (OH) = 2 and (H2O) = 5 apfu (from the crystal structure) is Be0.98Al1.99P2.02H12O15. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to an R1 index of 7.0%. There are two P sites occupied by P5+, two Al sites occupied by octahedrally coordinated Al3+, and one Be site occupied by tetrahedrally coordinated Be2+. There are fifteen anions, two of which are (OH) groups and five of which are (H2O) groups. The simplified ideal formula is thus [BeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4](H2O) with Z = 2. Beryllium and P tetrahedra share corners to form a four-membered ring. Aluminium octahedra share a common vertex to form an [Al2φ11] dimer, and these dimers are cross-linked by P tetrahedra to form a complex slab of polyhedra parallel to (001). These slabs are cross-linked by BeO2(OH)(H2O) tetrahedra, with interstitial (H2O) groups in channels that extend along [100].
Three-dimensional regularized inversion of DC resistivity data with different stabilizing functionals
Authors: Gündoğdu N. Yıldırım , Candansayar Mehmet Emin
Published: June 2018

A regularized inversion with a smoothing (SM) stabilizer is commonly used in 3D inversion of direct-current (DC) resistivity data. We have developed a new 3D inversion algorithm for DC resistivity data to investigate the efficiency of various stabilizing functionals. This algorithm is capable of incorporating 3D regularized inversion with [Formula: see text]-norm, [Formula: see text]-norm, SM, minimum support (MS), minimum gradient support (MGS), first-order minimum entropy, and total variation (TV) stabilizers. This is, to our knowledge, a comprehensive study of the effects of these seven different stabilizers on the inverse solution using synthetic and field data. As expected, the structure boundaries are found to be smooth when a SM stabilizer is used in the synthetic data examples. The upper bounds of the structures are recovered close to true model with [Formula: see text]-norm, [Formula: see text]-norm, first-order minimum entropy, and TV stabilizers, but the lower bounds cannot be recovered. Moreover, these stabilizers cannot completely resolve the resistivity of structures. The boundaries and resistivity of the structures are determined to be close to the true model with MS and MGS stabilizers. Similar results are obtained from inversions of field data collected in the Kültepe archaeological site (Kayseri, Turkey). A buried wall structure is correctly identified when the inversion used MS or MGS stabilizers. The archaeological structure found in the excavation studies reveals the success of the solution using MS and MGS stabilizers. These two stabilizers are recommended for an exploration of sharp boundaries structures.
3D gravity inversion of basement relief for a rift basin based on combined multinorm and normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative techniques
Authors: Feng Xuliang , Wang Wanyin , Yuan Bingqiang
Published: June 2018

The basement of a rift sedimentary basin, often possessing smooth and nonsmooth shapes, is not easily recovered from gravity data by current inversion methods. We have developed a new 3D gravity inversion method to estimate the basement relief of a rift basin. In the inversion process, we have established the objective function by combining the gravity data misfit function, the known depth constraint function, and the model constraint function composed of the [Formula: see text]-norm and [Formula: see text]-norm, respectively. An edge recognition technology based on the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative for gravity data is adopted to recognize the discontinuous and continuous parts of the basin and combine the two inputs to form the final model constraint function. The inversion is conducted by minimizing the objective function by the nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm. We have developed two applications using synthetic gravity anomalies produced from two synthetic rift basins, one with a single graben and one with six differently sized grabens. The test results indicate that the inversion method is a feasible technique to delineate the basement relief of a rift basin. The inversion method is also tested on field data from the Xi’an depression in the middle of the Weihe Basin, Shaanxi Province, China, and the result illustrates its effectiveness.
Integration of outcrop, subsurface, and microseismic interpretation for rock-mass characterization: An example from the Duvernay Formation, Western Canada
Authors: MacKay Mason K. , Eaton David W. , Pedersen Per K. , Clarkson Christopher R.
Published: June 2018

Identifying and characterizing geomechanical domains is important for understanding how a reservoir will respond to hydraulic fracturing, including interaction with natural fractures to create new permeable pathways. We have used a rock-mass characterization approach, which describes the mechanical reservoir package by combining parameters of the intact rock, such as brittleness, with inferred geometry and density of natural fractures. Insights from outcrop observations are important to complement the interpretation of fracture geometry and density derived from subsurface data, to give a more complete understanding of natural fracture networks. This integrated approach is applied to a data set from the Duvernay play in Western Canada. A synthetic model of the subsurface reservoir is constructed using data from well logs, cores, and outcrop analogs. Numerical simulation of the response of the artificial rock mass to hydraulic fracturing is performed using a distinct element code. Independent validation of the model is obtained by achieving an agreement between the simulated microseismic response and the observed distribution of microseismicity during hydraulic fracturing.
Structure of giant buried mud volcanoes in the South Caspian Basin: Enhanced seismic image and field gravity data by using normalized full gradient method
Authors: Soleimani Mehrdad , Aghajani Hamid , Heydari-Nejad Saeed
Published: June 2018

Defining the root zone of mud volcanoes (MVs), structural interpretation, and geologic modeling of their body is a problematic task when only seismic data are available. We have developed a strategy for integration of gravity and seismic data for better structural interpretation. Our strategy uses the concept of the normalized full gradient (NFG) for integration of gravity and seismic data to define geometry and the root zone of MVs in the southeast onshore of the Caspian Sea. Our strategy will increase the resolution of the seismic envelope compared with the conventional Hilbert transform. Prior to interpretation, we applied the NFG method on field gravity data. First, we perform a forward-modeling step for accurate NFG parameter definition. Second, we estimate the depth of the target, which is the root zone of the MV here. Interpretation of field gravity data by optimized NFG parameters indicates an accurate depth of the root zone. Subsequently, we apply the NFG method with optimized parameters on a 2D seismic data. Application of our strategy on seismic data will enhance resolution of the seismic image. The depth of the root zone and the geometry of the MV and mud flows was interpreted better on the enhanced image. It also illustrates the complex structure of a giant buried MV, which was not well-interpreted on conventional seismic image. Interpretation of the processed data reveals that the giant MV had lost its connection to its reservoir, whereas the other MV is still connected to the mud reservoir. The giant MV is composed of complex bodies due to pulses in the mud flows. Another MV in the section indicates narrow neck with anticline and listric normal faults on its top. Thus, application of the NFG concept on seismic image could be considered as an alternative to obtain enhanced seismic image for geologic interpretation.
Promise of Mobile Health Technology to Reduce Disparities in Patients With Cancer and Survivors
Authors: Gonzalez Brian D.
Published: June 2018

Despite recent advances in cancer control, numerous disparities exist in the areas of patient access to care, self-management, and quality of life. However, mobile health technology shows promise as a tool to reduce disparities among patients with cancer and cancer survivors by overcoming such barriers as limited access to providers, difficulty communicating with providers, and inadequate communication between patients and providers regarding symptoms. This narrative review draws on the literature in cancer and noncancer populations to identify factors that create or maintain disparities and to describe opportunities for mobile health technology to reduce disparities.
Use of Wearable, Mobile, and Sensor Technology in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Cox Suzanne M. , Lane Ashley , Volchenboum Samuel L.
Published: June 2018

As the availability and sophistication of mobile health (mHealth) technology (wearables, mobile technology, and sensors) continues to increase, there is great promise that these tools will be transformative for clinical trials and drug development. This review provides an overview of the current landscape of potential measurement options, including the various types of data collected, methods/tools for collecting them, and a crosswalk of available options. The opportunities and potential drawbacks of mHealth in cancer clinical trials are discussed. Specific concerns related to data accuracy, provenance, and regulatory issues are highlighted, with suggestions for how to address these in future research. Next steps for establishing mHealth methods and tools as legitimate and accepted measures in oncology clinical trials include continuation of regulatory definition by the FDA; establishment of security standards and protocols; refinement and implementation of methods to establish and document data accuracy; and finally, creation of feedback loops wherein regulators receive updates from researchers with better and more timely data, which should decrease trial times and lessen drug development costs. Implementing mHealth technologies into cancer clinical trials has the potential to transform and propel oncology drug development and precision medicine to keep pace with the rapidly increasing developments in genomics and immunology.
GAMIFICAÇÃO COMO EXPERIÊNCIA DE APRENDIZAGEM: UMA PESQUISA-AÇÃO NO CURSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO EM FORTALEZA-CE
Authors: Silva Karla Teixeira Machado da , Mascarenhas Iago Pessoa
Published: June 2018

O estudo objetivou verificar de que forma a utilização da gamificação como estratégia de ensino pôde contribuir para o engajamento dos discentes das aulas de finanças do curso de Administração de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) em Fortaleza- Ceará.  Para tanto, conceituou-se como gamificação, apresentando sua lógica e mecânica por meio da descrição do design do jogo aplicado.  Verificou-se, na pesquisa, o impacto da utilização da gamificação na pontualidade, assiduidade e participação das aulas.  Descreveu-se, também, o impacto da utilização da gamificação no tempo de estudo e identificaram-se eventos que sugerem estímulos à criatividade. O método proposto na pesquisa, a pesquisa–ação, mostrou- se útil no sentido de gerar uma ampliação da consciência dos envolvidos, contribuindo para gerar uma transformação das ações dos sujeitos. Concluiu-se que a introdução da gamificação por meio de uma pesquisa-ação contribuiu para aumentar o engajamento ao curso de Administração e serviu de estímulo para o desenvolvimento de competências desejáveis.
ΣΥΓΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ ΑΞΙΑ ΥΓΡΩΝ ΤΙΝΩΝ ΑΡΑΙΩΣΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΤΑΥΡΟΥ ΠΡΟΣ ΕΠΕΚΤΑΣΙΝ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΟΝΟΥ ΣΥΝΤΗΡΗΣΕΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΒΕΛΤΙΩΣΙΝ ΤΗΣ ΓΟΝΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΚΑΝΟΤΗΤΟΣ ΑΥΤΟΥ
Authors: ΔΗΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ε.
Published: June 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
back matter
Authors: Εταιρεία Ελληνική Κτηνιατρική
Published: June 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΣΗΜΑΣΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΛΟΦΙΟΥ TON ΠΕΤΕΙΝΩΝ ΕΠΙΔΡΑΣΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΦΑΙΡΕΣΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΛΟΦΙΟΥ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΥΠΟΦΥΣΕΩΣ
Authors: ΜΑΝΙΑΣ ΘΕΟΦΑΝΗΣ Ν.
Published: June 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΗΣΕΙΣ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΝΟΣΟΥ ΤΟΝ ΤΡΙΩΝ ΕΒΔΟΜΑΔΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΧΟΙΡΙΔΙΩΝ
Authors: ΧΙΔΙΡΟΓΛΟΥ ΜΙΧΑΗΛ
Published: June 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING AND CONSERVATION OF TRITICUM SPHAEROCOCCUM PERC.
Authors: Асхадуллин Дамир , Ashadullin Damir , Асхадуллин Данил , Ashadullin Danil , Василова Нурания , Vasilova Nuraniya , Хусаинова Ильсина , Husainova Il'sina , Гайфуллина Гульнар , Gayfullina Gul'nar , Багавиева Эльмира , Bagavieva El'mira , Тазутдинова Мухаббат , Tazutdinova Muhabbat
Published: June 2018

Attempts to create commercial variety Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. were realized only on the basis of the recombinant mutant KH 4333, created by Krasnodar Scientific and Research University of Agriculture, but the sphericity of obtained varieties is not associated with the sphericity of the Hindustan indices. The disadvantages of T. sphaerococcum samples in the Republic of Tatarstan are (in the study of 2012-2017): low productivity, which varies considerably in the years of the study, in some years the productivity of the best samples did not exceed 0.57 tons per hectare (the Simbirtsit standard did not fall below 2 , 15 tons per hectare); late ripeness; strong defeat of powdery mildew up to 90% in the epiphytotinous year 2017; strong susceptibility to stem rust. The degree of damage to brown leaf rust, in all years, was at the level of the susceptible standard of the Simbirzit variety. We made an attempt to improve the index samples by incorporating T. polonicum L. into the hybridization in order to increase the mass of the grains while maintaining the spherical shape, since hybridization with T. aestivum does not make significant progress. And the inclusion in the hybridization of Triticale 6x, in order to increase resistance to disease. Progress is shown in increasing productivity and resistance to powdery mildew in hybridization with T. aestivum. The constant lines of T. sphaerococcum have been preserved which retained the positive features inherent in this species with a significant increase in yield from 1.34 tons perhectare in the original form to -45738 to 3.77 tons per hectare near the line Ksh-359-11-5, this line is characterized by a high resistant to powdery mildew, but this line has a yield of 23% lower than the best zoned variety Yoldyz.
EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS IN CANNING OF ALFALFA
Authors: Бикчантаев Ирек , Bikchantaev Irek , Шакиров Шамиль , Shakirov Shamil' , Вафин Фаниль , Vafin Fanil'
Published: June 2018

Preservation of green mass of plants is an ancient method, which was used to preserve the nutritional value of feed in hermetic conditions. Enzymatic processes in the green mass of plants occur in a natural way due to the epiphytic microflora, which under anaerobic conditions begin to actively multiply and produce lactic acid. This acid is a good natural preservative, which lowers the pH of the medium to the acidic side (up to 3.8-4.2), contributing to a decrease in the vital activity of pathogenic microflora, thereby positively affecting the quality of canned voluminous juicy feed. Currently, in the world practice in the procurement of voluminous succulent feeds, various preservatives are actively used in combination with the withering of the green mass of plants. At the same time, the economic effectiveness of their use depends on external factors, moisture and chemical composition of phytomass, the cost of preservatives used. In this regard, this article considers a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the influence of various biologics in preserving the green mass of alfalfa, as domestic production (Ferbak-Sil (Kazan), Bioamid-3 (Saratov), Biotroph (St. Petersburg) and the foreign one (Sil-Oll (Great Britain)) under laboratory conditions, the positive effect of biological preparations on the preservation of nutrients was established. Among the tested preservatives, Biotrof biological preparation distinguished itself stimulated in the biomass of lactic fermentation, which in turn had a positive impact on the preservation of dry matter, crude protein and metabolizable energy, whose performance has been higher than the control at 7.58%, 6.64% and 5.56%.
PECULIARITIES OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF DRY SUBSTANCES BY VARIOUS POTATO VARITIES ON MEADOW AND BLACK SOIL OF OMSK PRIIRTYSHE
Authors: Темерева Ирина , Temereva Irina , Смирнова Татьяна , Smirnova Tat'yana
Published: June 2018

The article presents the material on the study of the varietal specificity of potato plants (Alaya Zarya, Svitanok, Kormilets, Zekura and Rosara) in the synthesis of dry substances on meadow chernozem soil of Omsk Priirtyshe under conditions of natural fertility and the use of optimal fertilizer doses (N45P90). Field experiments were conducted in 2008-2010 on the experimental field of Omsk State University. Experiments are of two-factor. Repeatability is threefold. The scheme for planting potatoes 70 × 30 cm with tubers weighing 80-100 g. The size of the pilot plot is 9.6 m2, the pilot plot is 510 m2. Comparative starch content of potato of experimental varieties reflects a number: Svitanok (20.3%)> Alaya Zarya (19.4%) >> Kormilets (16.7%)> Zekura (15.9%)> Rosara (15.6%). Intensive accumulation of dry matter occurred in the tubers of the Svitanok variety both in conditions of natural fertility and on a fertilized background. The increase in dry substances by 2.4-5.4% of their initial content in tubers due to the application of fertilizers (N45P90) is established for the varieties of Alaya Zarya, Svitanok and Rosara. Thus, the correct selection of varieties and the use of fertilizers make it possible to obtain a potato crop with the expected quality indices for dry matter and starch.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE STABILITY OF THE ELASTIC TUBING BOX
Authors: Алексеев Евгений , Alekseev Evgeniy , Максимов Иван , Maksimov Ivan , Мишин Петр , Mishin Petr , Терентьев Алексей , Terent'ev Aleksey , Кириллов Николай , Kirillov Nikolay , Юнусов Губейдулла , Yunusov Gubeydulla , Овчукова Светлана , Ovchukova Svetlana
Published: June 2018

The use of subsoil-scattered seeding of cereal crops allows to achieve seed distribution on the packed bed along the entire width of the seeding machine. With this seeding method, the seeds are evenly distributed relative to each other, which creates the same conditions for nutrition and plant growth. In order to obtain a better distribution of seeds in the podlag space, the use of air flow is suggested when transporting seeds from the seeder to the opener and the oscillatory process of the distributor. The flow of the air-grain flow from the cantilevered suspension elastic tube causes the action of longitudinal compressive forces, the directions of which coincide with the tangent to the axis at the end of the tube, that is, the so-called “tracking” force arises. The deviations of an elastic scattering pipe under conditions of relatively small and large deviations from the axis of the pipe are considered. This approach of theoretical research allows us to judge the correctness of the selected models by agreeing on the results obtained. Based on the results of the study, analytical expressions were obtained that allow us to determine the coordinates of the location of the deflected tube as a function of the speed of the air-grain flow for a qualitative distribution of seeds in the sublobe space, the critical value of the tube deflection angle equal to θ = 1.173 rad, which corresponds to the coefficient of friction of the medium fm = 0 , 2.
MACHINERY TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOP CULTIVATION
Authors: Дмитриев Юрий , Dmitriev Yuriy , Медведев Владимир , Medvedev Vladimir , Акимов Александр , Akimov Aleksandr , Дмитриева Ольга , Dmitrieva Olga , Дмитриев Сергей , Dmitriev Sergey , Максимов Александр , Maksimov Aleksandr , Андреев Владимир , Andryeyev Vladimir
Published: June 2018

The article gives an analysis of the current state of the hop-growing industry as a whole across Russia and the Chuvash Republic. Chuvashia remains the most promising region for the development of the hop-growing industry in Russia, where industrial production and a unique collection of hop varieties are preserved. The role of Chuvash Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture and Chuvash State Agricultural Academy in the development of the hop-growing industry is substantiated. The level of energy supply in domestic hop-growing is described, which lags far behind the foreign ones. It was revealed that one of the reasons for the low profitability of the hop-growing industry is insufficient mechanization of work on the main technological operations. Used machines for hops cultivation using existing technology do not provide at the proper level of performance not only of modern advanced technologies, but also of fully existing technologies. Recommended ways to raise the branch of hop-growing on the basis of the introduction into production of modern highly efficient low-cost machine technologies. An improved technology for producing hops and machines for its implementation is proposed, which makes it possible to significantly reduce material and labor costs, as well as increase hop yields.
FACTORS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY SATURES IN THE SOIL RELAXATION
Authors: Казаков Юрий , Kazakov Yuriy , Медведев Владимир , Medvedev Vladimir , Терентьев Алексей , Terent'ev Aleksey , Павлов Владимир , Pavlov Vladimir , Смирнов Анатолий , Smirnov Anatoliy
Published: June 2018

The process of soil deformation is a trajectory in a multidimensional space of principal stresses and principal deformations, as well as time, that is, the speed of application of deformer forces. Consequently, it is possible to achieve its destruction at various energy costs. With more rational technologies, volume deformations are minimal, and vice versa. The destruction of the soil massif should be along lines and planes characterized by the least strength. More preferred are working elements, the elements of which are executed in such a way that the sizes of the compaction zone inevitably arising as a result of their action on the soil layer are minimized. The dynamics of this process is influenced by the shape of the loading curve, the after-effect speed. The evaluation of efficiency with continuous oscillation by constant amplitude and frequency did not reveal the maximum of the energy efficiency. A promising direction is the additional oscillation of the working organ by single impulses. The construction of a soil-working working organ, self-adapting to changing operating conditions, is proposed. On the basis of the equation of motion, factors influencing the quality and energy costs of the loosening of the soil are established. Design changes are proposed to improve efficiency.
ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL DECISIONS IN OPTIMIZATION OF MILK CATTLE FACILITIES IN CONSTRUCTION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF ANIMAL FARMS
Authors: Зиганшин Булат , Ziganshin Bulat , Шайдуллин Радик , Shaydullin Radik , Валиев Айрат , Valiev Ayrat , Москвичева Анастасия , Moskvicheva Anastasiya , Ситдиков Фарит , Sitdikov Farit , Хайденрайх Томас , Haydenrayh Tomas
Published: June 2018

The article provides analysis and generalization of technical solutions for the reconstruction of existing and construction of modern livestock complexes in our country and abroad, which take into account the biological and physiological characteristics of dairy cattle and are aimed at creating them comfortable living conditions. With loose-boxed content, first of all, such elements as: individual boxes, floors, a feed table, a microclimate of a barn, are optimized. When creating sufficiently comfortable conditions for dairy cattle, based on their biological characteristics and needs, contributes to the full realization of the genetic potential of dairy cows' productivity, without compromising health, increasing labor productivity and lowering costs.
SIMULATION OF TIME SERIES FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION AND A SHARE OF A SELF-DYNAMIC RATE IN THE FUTURE: DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL FORECASTING
Authors: Негм Мостафа , Negm Mostafa
Published: June 2018

The article proposes a time series model for forecasting the annual production and consumption of wheat in Egypt, based on data and economic indicators for the period from 1995 to 2015. The main objective of this work is to predict future trends in wheat production and consumption and use several prediction methods to analyze the development of the industry in Egypt until 2030. The study was conducted to select a suitable model for predicting these processes among three methods that depend on the values of three accuracy measures (MAPE, MAD and MSD) using the moving average model, the exponential smoothing model and the double exponential model. As a result, it was revealed that the double exponential model is the most suitable model for forecasting the future trend of wheat production and consumption due to smaller values of prediction errors. Recommendations were also formulated to improve food security until 2030, which are presented in order to improve land management and productivity, reduce agricultural waste and create a strategic wheat stock to address local supply problems.
Diagnostics of HF radio channel: based on data from backscatter ionospheric sounding by continuous chirp signal
Authors: Пономарчук Сергей , Ponomarchuk Sergey , Грозов Виктор , Grozov Viktor , Котович Галина , Kotovich Galina , Куркин Владимир , Kurkin Vladimir , Пензин Максим , Penzin Maksim
Published: June 2018

Backscatter ionospheric sounding (BIS) is a powerful tool for monitoring and predicting conditions of operation of HF communication systems. The BIS method is adopted to determine coverage areas of radio waves and maximum usable radio frequencies, distance along the ground to a scatterer, as well as to gain information about ionospheric structure and conditions. To solve these problems, we propose a method for direct diagnostics of HF radio channel at the leading edge of BIS signals on ionograms. The method relies on real-time automatic processing and interpretation of BIS ionograms. We present algorithms for determining the maximum usable frequencies and characteristics of oblique sounding signals from current BIS data, without correcting ionospheric parameters. We realize the algorithm for recovering ionospheric parameters at the path midpoint.
Ambiguity Preferences and Portfolio Choices: Evidence from the Field
Authors: Bianchi Milo , Tallon Jean-Marc
Published: June 2018

We match administrative panel data on portfolio choices with survey data on preferences over ambiguity. We show that ambiguity averse investors bear more risk, due to a lack of diversification. In particular, they exhibit a form of home bias that leads to higher exposure to the domestic relative to the international stock market. While more sensitive to market factors, their returns are on average higher, suggesting that ambiguity averse investors need not be driven out of the market for risky assets. We also show that these investors rebalance their portfolio more actively and in a contrarian direction relative to past market trends, which allows them to keep their risk exposure relatively constant over time. We discuss these findings in relation to the theoretical literature on portfolio choice under ambiguity.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.3006 .

This paper was accepted by Han Bleichrodt, decision analysis.
Modeling Municipal Yields With (and Without) Bond Insurance
Authors: Chun Albert Lee , Namvar Ethan , Ye Xiaoxia , Yu Fan
Published: June 2018

We develop an intensity-based model of municipal yields, making simultaneous use of the credit default swap premiums of the insurers and both insured and uninsured municipal bond transactions. We estimate the model individually for 61 municipal issuers by exploiting the dramatic decline in credit quality of the bond insurers from July 2007 to June 2008, and decompose the municipal yield spread based on the estimated parameters. The decomposition reveals a dominant role of the liquidity component as well as interactions between liquidity and default similar to those modeled by Chen et al. [Chen H, Cui R, He Z, Milbradt K (2018) Quantifying liquidity and default risks of corporate bonds over the business cycle. Rev. Financial Stud. 31(3):852–897.] for corporate bonds. Toward the end of the sample period, our model also reproduces the “yield inversion” phenomenon documented in the literature.

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
An Experimental Test of the Anscombe–Aumann Monotonicity Axiom
Authors: Schneider Florian H. , Schonger Martin
Published: June 2018

Most models of ambiguity aversion satisfy the Anscombe–Aumann monotonicity axiom. Monotonicity implies a weak form of separability of preferences across events that occur with unknown probability. We construct a test of weak separability by modifying the Allais paradox, adapting it to the Anscombe–Aumann framework. Three experimental studies are conducted. Study 1 finds frequent, systematic violations of weak separability in the lab. These findings replicate in study 2, where we employ a subject pool of online workers and use a natural rather than an artificial source of uncertainty. Investigating a potential explanation of the violations, study 3 suggests that the certainty effect plays a major role.

Data and the web appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.3010 .

This paper was accepted by Han Bleichrodt, decision analysis.
Managing acne: the importance of considering antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2018

Severe acne can leave young people scarred mentally and physically. Yet recent evidence suggests that referral to secondary care is often delayed. Moreover, antibiotics are often used inappropriately, which could drive resistance in Propionibacterium acnes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria. Aesthetic nurses can help dispel many myths and misconceptions that surround acne, offer self-help suggestions, facilitate appropriate management and aid antibiotic stewardship.
Facelift: traditional and limited incision
Authors: Branford Olivier
Published: June 2018

A facelift, also know as rhytidectomy, is a surgical procedure that improves visible signs of ageing on the face and neck. A variety of techniques are available and surgeons should tailor their approach to the presenting patient's anatomy. Although volume restoration with dermal fillers is effective for restoring youthful facial contours, the power of facelifting is unmatched in its ability to rejuvenate a sagging, ageing facial shape. Olivier Branford provides an up-to-date overview of facelift surgery, and addresses issues such as recovery time, safety requirements and potential complications
Discharged but not dissatisfied: outcomes and satisfaction of patients discharged from the Edinburgh Trauma Triage Clinic
Authors: Mackenzie S. P. , Carter T. H. , Jefferies J. G. , Wilby J. B. J. , Hall P. , Duckworth A. D. , Keating J. F. , White T. O.
Published: June 2018

Aims

The Edinburgh Trauma Triage Clinic (TTC) streamlines outpatient care through consultant-led ‘virtual’ triage of referrals and the direct discharge of minor fractures from the Emergency Department. We compared the patient outcomes for simple fractures of the radial head, little finger metacarpal, and fifth metatarsal before and after the implementation of the TTC.

Patients and Methods

A total of 628 patients who had sustained these injuries over a one-year period were identified. There were 337 patients in the pre-TTC group and 289 in the post-TTC group. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (QuickDASH) or Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, satisfaction rates, and return to work/sport were assessed six months post-injury. The development of late complications was excluded by an electronic record evaluation at three years post-injury. A cost analysis was performed.

Results

Outcomes were as good or better post-TTC, compared with pre-TTC scores. At three years, the pre-TTC group required a total of 496 fracture clinic appointments compared with 61 in the post-TTC group. Mean cost per patient was nearly fourfold less after the commencement of the TTC.

Conclusion

Management of minor fractures through the Edinburgh TTC results in clinical outcomes that are comparable with the previous system of routine face-to-face consultation. Outpatient workload for these injures was reduced by 88%. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:959–65.
Risk factors for increased sagittal pelvic motion causing unfavourable orientation of the acetabular component in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Langston J. , Pierrepont J. , Gu Y. , Shimmin A.
Published: June 2018

Aims

It is important to consider sagittal pelvic rotation when introducing the acetabular component at total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to identify patients who are at risk of unfavourable pelvic mobility, which could result in poor outcomes after THA.

Patients and Methods

A consecutive series of 4042 patients undergoing THA had lateral functional radiographs and a low-dose CT scan to measure supine pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, standing pelvic tilt, flexed-seated pelvic tilt, standing lumbar lordotic angle, flexed-seated lumbar lordotic angle, and lumbar flexion. Changes in pelvic tilt from supine-to-standing positions and supine-to-flexed-seated positions were determined. A change in pelvic tilt of 13° between positions was deemed unfavourable as it alters functional anteversion by 10° and effectively places the acetabular component outside the safe zone of orientation.

Results

For both men and women, the degree of lumbar flexion was a significant predictor of risk in hip flexion (p < 0.0001) with increased odds of unfavourable pelvic mobility in those with lumbar flexion of < 20° (men, odds ratio (OR) 6.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.83 to 11.89; women, OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.87 to 4.71). In women, age and standing pelvic tilt were significant predictors of risk in hip extension (p = 0.0082 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The risk of unfavourable pelvic mobility was higher in those aged > 75 years (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.32) and those with standing pelvic tilt of < -10° for extension risk (OR 7.10, 95% CI 4.10 to 10.29). In men, only standing pelvic tilt was significant (p < 0.0001) for hip extension with an increased risk of unfavourable pelvic mobility (OR 8.68, 95% CI 5.19 to 14.51).

Conclusion

Patients found to have unfavourable pelvic mobility had limited lumbar flexion and more posterior standing pelvic tilt in both men and women, as well as increasing age in women. We recommend that patients undergo preoperative functional radiographic screening to determine specific parameters that can affect the functional orientation of the acetabular component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:845–52.
The value of quantitative histology in the diagnosis of fracture-related infection
Authors: Morgenstern M. , Athanasou N. A. , Ferguson J. Y. , Metsemakers W-J. , Atkins B. L. , McNally M. A.
Published: June 2018

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the role of quantitative histological analysis in the diagnosis of fracture-related infection (FRI).

Patients and Methods

The clinical features, microbiology culture results, and histological analysis in 156 surgically treated nonunions were used to stratify the likelihood of associated infection. There were 64 confirmed infected nonunions (one or more confirmatory criteria: pus, sinus, and bacterial growth in two or more samples), 66 aseptic nonunions (no confirmatory criteria), and 26 possibly infected nonunions (pathogen identified from a single specimen and no confirmatory criteria). The histological inflammatory response was assessed by average neutrophil polymorph (NPs) counts per high-power field (HPF) and compared with the established diagnosis.

Results

Assuming a cut-off of over five neutrophils per high-power field to diagnose septic nonunion, there was 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity (accuracy 90%). Using a cut-off of no neutrophils seen in any high-power field to diagnose aseptic nonunion, there was a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 98% (accuracy 92%).

Conclusion

Histology can be used in a bimodal fashion as a diagnostic test for FRI. The presence of more than five NPs/HPF had a positive predictive value for infected nonunion of 100%, while the complete absence of any NPs is almost always indicative of an aseptic nonunion (positive predictive value of 98%). Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:966–72.
A pedagogia intercultural como proposta metodológica para o ensino e a aprendizagem do Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE)
Authors: Rotta Alessandra Montera
Published: June 2018

Este artigo apresenta os conceitos teóricos da pedagogia intercultural e suas implicações no ensino e aprendizagem do Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE). A abordagem cultural, bastante presente no ensino e aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, tem sido revista e ampliada para uma abordagem intercultural, atualmente cada vez mais levada em conta pelos pesquisadores nos estudos em língua estrangeira. Do cultural ao intercultural, a pedagogia utilizada nas dinâmicas de ensino de PLE permite maior interação entre diferentes culturas e identidades culturais presentes em sala de aula, somadas à própria cultura e língua brasileira. O desenvolvimento de uma pedagogia intercultural é o objeto de estudo desse artigo, uma vez que ela se insere nos objetivos de construção de um trabalho que leva alunos e professores a adquirir novos significados de aprendizagem e de ensino.
A competência oral
Authors: Santos Sara Gonçalves
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo, são apresentados exemplos de tarefas pedagógicas para o desenvolvimento das capacidades da oralidade do público chinês aprendiz de português língua estrangeira (PLE). Seguindo uma perspectiva holística e analítica (ELLIS, 2003; LONG, 2007, 2015; SAMUDA; BYGATE, 2008), a proposta pedagógica descrita baseia-se nos princípios metodológicos de uma abordagem por tarefas, definidos por Doughty e Long (2003) e Long (2009, 2015), e nos princípios subjacentes à aquisição de uma língua estrangeira num contexto de instrução, estabelecidos por Ellis (2005) e Ellis e Shintani (2014). Nessa abordagem, está subjacente a utilização de documentos áudio e audiovisuais autênticos, por fornecerem um input rico e significativo da língua alvo. Ao nível da produção, são integradas tarefas que privilegiam a interação e a negociação de sentido (LONG, 1983, 1985) para uma aprendizagem colaborativa (SWAIN, 2000, 2005; SWAIN; SUZUKI 2008). Espera-se que as tarefas apresentadas promovam a automatização e também o estabelecimento de novas relações entre forma/ significado, permitindo o desenvolvimento da proficiência linguística e da competência intercultural do aprendiz.
Implicações semânticas e de gênero em substantivos femininos
Authors: Marques Suzinara Strassburger , Faleiro Róger Sullivan , Forneck Kári Lúcia
Published: June 2018

A partir de observações realizadas em aulas de português a imigrantes, percebeu-se a identificação de gênero dos substantivos na língua portuguesa como um dificultador na aprendizagem da língua. Em função das dúvidas que emergiram durante as aulas aos imigrantes, surgiu a questão norteadora a partir da qual se desenvolveu este trabalho: em se tratando de substantivos morfologicamente femininos, por que não há percepção de inclusão do gênero masculino? Assumiu-se como hipótese que essa dificuldade provavelmente está ligada às associações que os imigrantes fazem entre o português e sua segunda língua, o francês. A fim de verificar essa hipótese, foram desenvolvidas testagens para compreender a dificuldade de diferenciação de gêneros na aquisição do português como Língua de Acolhimento. A aplicação dos testes estruturou-se da seguinte maneira: primeiramente participantes voluntários, 4 (quatro) aprendizes de português, tiveram de identificar o gênero de palavras desconectadas semanticamente, depois em um contexto de uso simulado e, por fim, através do processamento online, em que os alunos foram questionados oralmente sobre o porquê de suas escolhas nas questões textuais. A partir da análise dos achados, é possível verificar que o conhecimento de outras línguas, principalmente do francês, neste caso, influencia muito no aprendizado de uma nova língua.
Estudo da variação no uso do artigo em português L2 por falantes de língua materna chinesa
Authors: Jing Zhang
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre variações no uso do artigo em português por aprendizes que têm o chinês como língua materna, com o objetivo de testar a Hipótese de Análise Sintática Errada (Syntactic Misanalysis Account - SMA) na representação do artigo em gramáticas de aprendizes de segunda língua (L2). Proposta por Trenkic (2007, 2008), essa hipótese prevê que a escolha do artigo seja influenciada pela identificabilidade objetiva dos referentes e os artigos serão tratados como adjetivos processuais. O foco do estudo é direcionado na tendência dos aprendizes chineses em omitir, com mais facilidade, o artigo na construção, em português, de nomes modificados por adjetivo (Art+N+Adj) do que de nomes sem nenhum modificador (Art+N). Os dados recolhidos da produção escrita e oral em português L2 mostram que a SMA serve para explicar as variações detectadas no uso do artigo em português pelos aprendizes chineses.
Memória fonológica de falantes de português brasileiro como língua de herança
Authors: Weiss Denise Barros , Dutra Maíra Candian de Paula , Fonseca Aline Alves
Published: June 2018

O foco desta pesquisa é a análise de um aspecto fonológico da aprendizagem de Português como Língua de Herança (PLH) na variedade brasileira. O objetivo geral é verificar se um falante de língua de herança, ao aprender a língua depois de adulto, mobiliza traços fonéticos/fonológicos recuperados da variante a que foi exposto na primeira infância. Apoiamo-nos em Cummins (1983), empregando seu conceito de Língua de Herança em Doi (2006), Flores e Melo-Pfeifer (2014) e Spinassé (2006), abordando e diferenciando os conceitos de língua materna, segunda língua e língua estrangeira; e em Miranda (2012), que fez uma análise acústico-comparativa das vogais do português brasileiro com as do inglês norte-americano. Os dados foram obtidos através de um protocolo de investigação composto por questionários e entrevistas aplicados a falantes de português brasileiro como língua de herança que se encaixam na seguinte situação: filhos de pai ou mãe brasileiros que aprenderam a língua portuguesa na infância em um ambiente de não imersão. Os dados demonstram que a variação dialetal dos participantes é compatível com as variedades a que eles foram expostos na primeira infância e diferente da variedade utilizada pelos professores com os quais tiveram instrução formal no português. Os detalhes fonéticos presentes na fala dos participantes apoiam nossa hipótese de que há uma memória processual fonético-fonológica atuante, que foi adquirida na primeira infância.
Aquisição do português brasileiro como língua de herança em contato com o italiano
Authors: Oliveira de Souza Ana Luiza
Published: June 2018

As dinâmicas das interferências linguísticas entre o português brasileiro e o italiano podem ou não influenciar na aquisição do português como língua de herança? A sociolinguística forma o embasamento teórico deste artigo a fim de compreeender a percepção dos pais brasileiros acerca das distâncias sociolinguísticas e culturais entre as duas línguas. A partir de um questionário realizado aos genitores evidencia-se alguns pontos em comum entre os dois países, no binômio língua-cultura, que podem ou não interferir no processo de manutenção do português como língua de herança em contexto italófono.
Notas sobre o ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira
Authors: Resende Maurício Sartori
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho discute implementações didático-pedagógicas para o ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE) tanto sob a ótica do perfil sociopolítico dos aprendizes quanto do seu ponto de vista estritamente linguístico – ambas as discussões sobretudo à luz do modelo do monitoramento de Krashen (1982). Além disso, seguindo Chomsky (1959), Krashen (1982) e White (2003), este trabalho reflete sobre posições metodológicas no contexto de PLE que se valem de pressupostos inatistas para a aquisição da linguagem e sobre diferenças entre aquisição de primeira e segunda língua. Finalmente, no cotejo das abordagens social e biolinguística, este trabalho conclui que elas não são mutuamente excludentes e que, aplicadas conjuntamente, podem otimizar a elaboração de aulas e projetos de português para falantes não nativos.
Competência comunicativa e ensino de português como segunda língua
Authors: Fernandes Eugênia Magnólia da Silva , Araujo Sara Domingos de Sousa
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo principal identificar os componentes da Competência Comunicativa (CC) utilizados por um falante no nível avançado de língua portuguesa como segunda língua. O aluno foi exposto a uma situação real de uso da língua-alvo, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com o objetivo de tornar a interação o mais natural possível. Utilizamos o modelo de composição da CC sugerido por Almeida Filho em 2009 e explicitamos, em fragmentos, cada um dos subcomponentes utilizados pelo falante durante toda a entrevista. O objetivo deste trabalho é, também, trazer para o plano concreto os conceitos relativos à CC e demonstrar o caminho cognitivo percorrido pelo aprendiz para a aquisição de uma língua estrangeira.