bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Wildfires Risks for the Bureya Nature Reserve on the Basis of the Geoinformation Analysis of Regional Features of the Territory and Natural Complexes
Authors: Сидоренков М. , Аваков А. , Сидоренкова М. , Жафяров В. , Степанова К.
Published: July 2024

Представлены результаты исследований на территории государственного природного заповедника «Буреинский». Установлена связь рисков возникновения и распространения пожаров от особенностей лесорастительных формаций. Верификация разработанных моделей зонирования территории по степени риска возникновения, интенсивности распространения лесных пожаров с точками возгорания показали правильность выделенных зон. Большая часть точек возгорания попадает в зоны высоких и очень высоких рисков возникновения пожаров. Результаты исследований по оценке рисков возникновения пожаров в зависимости от природных и антропогенных факторов могут быть использованы при зонировании аналогичных территорий.

Research results for the territory of the Bureya Nature Reserve(also called «Bureinsky» have shown considerable connection between risks of fire spreading and features of the forest vegetation formation depending on altitudinal zonation and specifics of a landscape (an aspect and steepness of slopes). Verification of the developed models of zoning of the territory on the degree of fire danger, intensity of spreading of wildfires with locations of recent fires provided by «ISDM-Rosleskhoz» monitoring system have shown correctness of the allocated zones. Most of the wildfire locations are matching zones of high and very high fire danger. Research results could be used in dynamic models of zoning of the territory according to a risk of fire danger depending on natural and anthropogenic factors. The methods of analysis applied in the article have prospect for assessment of risks of fire danger in remote territories in the mountainous area.
Results of Thinning in Deciduous-and-Spruce Stands in the Kostroma Region
Authors: Чудецкий А. , Багаев С.
Published: July 2024

В статье приведены результаты исследований и лесоводственная оценка рубок ухода различной интенсивности в лиственно-еловых молодняках и средневозрастных древостоях. Даны предложения по созданию устойчивых хозяйственно-ценных насаждений в подзоне южной тайги европейской части России.

The results of investigations of the effect of thinning of different intensities in young and medium-aged leaf-spruce stands are presented. Trial areas laid on experimental production facilities of the Central European FES ARIISMF in the blueberry and sour groups of forest types in 1960–1988. Methods and technologies of thinning in fourforestriesof Kostroma region are considered. The results of analysis of the formation of natural stands and the dynamics of changes in the basic taxation indicators over a long period of observations. As a result of intensive harvesting, the spruce was introduced into the first tier. The rarefaction creates favorable conditions for replenishing the main canopy with stunted trees. Under conditions of blueberry and sour groups of forest types, the transition from spruce to adulthood in the main canopy is more intensive with a significant decrease in the thickness of the felling cuttings. With strict observance of the technology of logging operations, the need to create expensive forest crops is no longer necessary, while the terms of growing technically mature wood are not reduced by 20–30 years, and the cost of production is reduced. Reforestation is preferable to continuous cuttings from silvicultural, ecological and economical positions.
Growth Characteristics of Spruce Population Under Canopy of Birch Forests of Southern Taiga in Russian Plain
Authors: Дерюгин А.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматривается рост ели под пологом южно-таёжных березняков. Анализируется возрастная динамика высоты и объема стволов деревьев ели в зависимости от периода их возобновления. Приводится сравнение основных показателей роста подпологовой ели и древостоев ели, формирующихся без участия мягколиственных пород.

Dynamics of forest resources in the center of Russian plain can be characterized by an increase of soft-leaved breed stand square. Spruce population resumes under such stand canopy. These stand often develop spontaneously. This fact shows the relevance of studying the processes of formation of soft-leaved breed stand with spruce growing under their canopy. The aim of this research was to study the growth characteristics of spruce under the canopy of birch forests of the southern taiga. Method of sample-trees was used. In total 400 sample-trees of different habitus were involved. The trees were sawn into segments and the cuts were measured according to the methodology adopted for the analysis of tree trunks. The measurement results were processed with a special program for personal computers. It was identified that tree growth is largely determined by the period of spruces regeneration – Tw (the difference between the age of the birch and spruce age). On the dynamics of growth in the height of the selected three generations for Tw: 1–25, 26–40, 41–50 years. At the age of 35 years the first generation reaches the lower height threshold (6.3 m) of the second tier of the stand. The average height of the second and third tree generations at this age does not exceed the height of the regrowth. For the first two generations the current average-for-the-period height increase reaches its maximum value at the age of 35–40 years, while the second generation significantly inferior to the first one in growth value. For the trees of the first generation the equality of the current average-for-the-period and average height increments observed at the age of 60 years. After that age the changes in the vertical structure of the emerging spruce forest are unlikely. In this generation, at the age of 15 years leading trees start to stand out, the minimum height of these leading trees is equal to 0,7 m. Spruce trees with higher tapering and low marketability of wood dominate in the canopy of birch forests. The growth characteristics of spruce growing under the canopy of birch significantly inferior to the characteristics of spruce, growing in forest stands without the participation of soft-leaved breeds. At the age of 60 years, the average growth in height is 40 % smaller, and average growth in the trunk volume is 80 % less than for trees in stands of II grade of locality spruce, which are the most common in the study region.
A study of the Response of Spruce Trees to Pruning by Using the Instrument Complex Field-Map
Authors: Антонов О. , Антонов E.
Published: July 2024

Установлено влияние одноприемной обрезки ветвей умеренной интенсивности до высоты 7,5 м на форму комлевой части ствола у крупных деревьев ели европейской с использованием приборного комплекса Field-Map. Дисперсионный анализ данных свидетельствует об отсутствии значимых различий в величинах сбега стволов деревьев ели на опытном и контрольном участках. Это опровергает существующее мнение об изменении прироста деревьев под влиянием одноприемной обрезки ветвей.

Increase the quality productivity of forests, combining quantitative and qualitative parameters of all trees and each tree individually, as well as improving the properties of manufactured wood, is one of the priority directions of development of forestry. The most effective way to improve the properties of moulded wood is considered to be pruning, which is part of the comprehensive care of the forest and is a necessary element of intensive forest management. Application timely multireception pruning allows us to grow high-quality branchless wood with a homogeneous structure and improved physico-mechanical and acoustic properties [1]. In countries with a developed forestry, this silvicultural method is considered the necessary care of the forest and almost classic example of the profitability of the investment [2]. The use of electronic devices: laser range finders, electronic measuring forks, global positioning devices (GPS) and field computers allowed the collection of field information with a high degree of accuracy and the formation of different databases. The article examines the impact of pruning of moderate intensity (28% of the length of the crown) on the shape of the butt part of the stem in spruce plantations using the instrument complex Field-Map. This complex developed by the Czech research institute of forest ecosystem (IFER). The studies have established that after 30 years of pruning to a height of 7.5 m there are no significant differences in the values of absolute and relative taper on experimental and control trees, which is confirmed by data of analysis of variance.
VNIILM innovation developments into forest management practices
Authors: Мартынюк А.А.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены основные направления работы ВНИИЛМ в области защиты лесов, охраны лесов от пожаров, лесной экономики, международной деятельности и др. Приведены перспективные направления научных исследований.

The paper highlights promising areas of VNIILM operation. It is pointed out that lately the Institute has to address more urgent so-called applied challenges that need rather prompt actions. Successful suppression of Siberian moth outbreaks in 2017 in Siberian region is an example of such operation. Coordinated and well organized operation of multiple level managers, researchers and producers  enabled such result. Studies related to wild fire prevention and suppression, post fire adaptation and forest regeneration are the Institute priorities. This is a goal of VNIILM subsidiary Forest pyrology, forest ecosystem protection technology development and forest regeneration Center establishment  in Krasnoyarsk in 2018.   Development and implementation of new procedures to assess forest resources with Earth remote sensing and domestic satellite image analysis is one of the surging areas. The paper focuses on other promising research areas as well. Forest resource pricing improvement primarily based on rent pattern is a priority area in forest economics. Institute cooperation experience with other sectoral institutions is stressed.
Invest Priority project to use forest: how to replace administration by competitions
Authors: Петров А.П. , Герасимов Е.В.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены проблемы реализации приоритетных инвестиционных проектов в области освоения лесов, введенных статьей 22 Лесного кодекса РФ. Предложено заменить существующий административный подход новой институциональной организацией конкурсного отбора частного бизнеса с критерием максимизации рентного дохода.

The article deals with the problems of implementation of priority investment projects in the field of forest development, introduced by article 22 of the Forest code of the Russian Federation. It is proposed to replace the existing administrative approach with a new institutional organization of competitive selection of private businesses with the criteria of maximizing rental income. Thus, the indicators characterizing the effectiveness of investment projects clearly demonstrate that existing system of forest management is not able to create innovative institutional forms of production organization based on the integration of the forest industry and forestry. Existing approach to select investment projects does not provide the conditions for effective use and location of forest industries. The article present the rental instruments to estimate the investment projects efficient. It will replace administrative decisions by competitive selection of investors in order to grant the rights to use forest. Forest management plan is considered as base of competitive selection. Forest management plan in the status of the subject for the competitive selection of investors should consist of three blocks: 1 – Data about the applicant (investor); 2 – The forest plot inventory data; 3 – Applicant's plans  in the field of use, reproduction and protection of forests, allowing establishing an integrated estimate of the activities effectiveness at the site, presented for competition. Priority investment projects remind the concession agreement, with their successful effective implementation, should become the main trend in the strategy of the forest sector development.
Structure of Forests of Zakamje of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Пуряев А.С. , Кузнецова Н.Ф.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований, отражающие характер распределения лесов Закамья Республики Татарстан по преобладающим породам, возрасту, классам бонитета, полноте и запасу стволовой древесины в разрезе типов лесорастительных условий. Выявлены большие возможности повышения эколого-ресурсного потенциала лесов.

The results of investigation, reflecting structure character of forests from Zakamje region of Tatarstan Republic by prevailing species, age, capacity, density and yield in the network of forest site types are presented. The main part in Zakamje occupy forests growing in forest site type (FST) D2. The less by area and crop are stands in fresh suramens (FST) C2, where pine and aspen forests prevail. In FST D2 the main part is the share of aspen and lime stands, twice less in square are birch and oak forests. In fresh suramens the most productive by yield are coniferous forests. This tendency retains in ramens, where high-quality birch and aspen stands grow. In all concerned forest site types the most productive are larch and pine stands. In fresh suramens in the age up to 40 years the most relative density have spruce and aspen stands. In FST D2 along with larch the most density have spruce and pine forests and also young growth aspen stands. Stands distribution by age classes is irregular. The main forest area is the share of middle age stands being together with young growth the base for getting additional wood during care cuttings. For increase the forest productivity it is necessary to enlarge the volumes of forest care cuttings, make reconstruction of low-dense oak stands and expand the square of larch forest cultures in the region.
The Retrospective Analysis Of Forest Cultures Creation Technologies on Hilly Sands of the Average Don and Their Silvicultural Assessment
Authors: Турчина Т.А. , Банникова О.А.
Published: July 2024

Проанализированы технологии создания лесных культур в разные периоды освоения бугристых песков. Проведен сравнительный анализ приживаемости, биометрических показателей растений, строения древостоев по диаметру в лесных культурах чистого и смешанного состава и при разных способах создания. Выявлено отрицательное влияние сосны обыкновенной на рост сосны крымской и предложен оптимальный тип лесных культур для обеих древесных пород. Дана лесоводственная оценка применявшихся технологий лесоразведения на бугристых песках Арчединско-Донского и Казанско-Вешенского массивов.

On sandy terraces in the basin of Central Don hilly sands are the most difficult for forest improvement. During their development 4 technologies of creation of forest cultures are developed and approved: 1 – soil preparation by furrows, hand planting; 2 – soil preparation by furrows, the mechanized planting; 3 – the mechanized planting with simultaneous cultural operations; 4 – preliminary ridging, prelanding cultivation, the mechanized planting (modern technology). Efficiency of technologies is estimated on the following indicators: 1) survival; 2) safety of plants in forest cultures; 3) biometric indicators of plants; 4) structure of forest stands on diameter; 5) level of influence of tree species in mixed plantations. Survival of forest cultures at technical acceptance made 97–99% when using technologies ¹ 1–3 and less than 50% – when using technology ¹ 4. Advantage of hand planting over mechanized is shown since 4–6 growth. Lack of modern technology is large number of technological operations. By the time of transfer of forest cultures to the lands covered with forest vegetation, quantity of the remained plants at manual way of creation decreases by 4,4–7,4% of initial density, and at mechanized – for 6,7–20,1%. Technologies ¹ 1–3 provide normative requirements for density of forest cultures even on condition of seed spacing reduction. The modern technology does not promote preservation of required quantity of plants. On biometric indicators of plants of technology direct impact is not made. Distinctions in growth are caused by biological features of wood breed, soil conditions, initial density. Statistics of structure of pure plantings of Scotch pine (As = 0,012, Ex =-0,595) and Crimean pine (As =-0,432; Ex =-1,302) indicate low suitability of use of the second as the main wood breed at cultivation of forest cultures on hilly sands. In mixed plantations of coniferous breeds already in the second class of age the negative impact of Scotch pine is observed: diameter of Crimean pine is 1,5 times less. On complex of indicators of the most effective is the technology based on manual way of creation of forest cultures. As in modern conditions the refusal of means of mechanization is impossible, measures for increase in efficiency of reforestation are increase in seed spacing up to 8–10 thousand pieces/hectare and reduction of number of technological operations.
Yield of Berry-Fields of Rubus Caesius in Flood Plain Forests of Steppe Pridonye depending on Density of Forest Crop
Authors: Коробова Я.В. , Турчин Т.Я.
Published: July 2024

По данным полевых исследований за 2012–2014 и 2017 гг. проведена количественная оценка урожайности ежевики сизой (Rubus caesius L.) в пойменных лесах степного Придонья. Установлена зависимость урожайности данного вида от полноты древостоя.

The article devoted to research of influence of relative density of forest crops of the main forest-forming species on yield of Rubus fruticosus in flood plain of the Don river. In the scientific publications, devoted to problems of berry resource research, there is data about existing of close interconnection between yield of wild berry-fields and conditions of their growth. However, all these researches are devoted to the main northern berry crops: cranberries, cowberry, cloudberries. Relevance of provided article is due to the fact that, Rubus caesius, being an important non-woody resource of forests of the Southern regions of our country is researched very poor. We have not found works based on influence of taxation characteristics of forest crop on wild berry-fields of Rubus caesius. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact, that brushwoods of Rubus caesius impose specific requirements to environmental factors. First of all, it is significant an influence on growth and development of this crop of illumination level. The authors based on these examinations of 2012–2014 and 2017 years have done quantitative evaluation of yield indexes of Rubus caesius in flood plain forests of steppe Pridonye [1], there was found dependence of yield of this crop on density of forest crops, there was found it's optimal density to reach the most comfortable fruiting of brushwoods of Rubus caesius. In the course of work there were examined 31 sampling units in 5 dominant groups of forests types of flood plain of the Don river: willow groves, black poplar forests, elm forests, oak-forests, white poplar forests. The largest indexes of yield of berry-fields is typical for tree plantations with density 0,5–0,6. With other relatively equal conditions, in such forests there was pointed out the largest average indexes of yield of berry in the 4 years. Finally, there are given preliminary conclusions on the research topic, that confirms, that density of plantation is one of the determining factors of yield of brushwoods of Rubus caesius.   References 1. Turchin, Ò. Y. The forests of steppe Pridonye / Ò. Y. Turchin, Ò. À. Turchina. – Rostov-on-Don : Publishing office of Rost. University, 2005. – 204 p.
Ribbon Relict Pine Forests in the Altay Territory – Current Forest Management and its Improvement
Authors: Мартынюк А.А. , Желдак В.И. , Лямцев Н.И. , Сидоренков В.М. , Рябцев О.В. , Жафяров А.В.
Published: July 2024

В статье приведен ретроспективный анализ лесопользования в ленточных борах Алтайского края, включая вопросы изменения целевого назначения лесов, оборота хозяйства и возрастов рубки, систем и видов рубок в целях заготовки древесины и ухода за лесами. На основе результатов предварительного этапа полевых экспериментальных исследований дана характеристика эффективности и оценка процессов лесовосстановления на участках различных вариантов выборочных рубок в спелых и перестойных насаждениях, а также рубок обновления и переформирования в зависимости от особенностей лесорастительных условий. Приведена общая характеристика лесопатологической ситуации в сосновых лесах. Сформулированы основные положения региональной системы целевых лесохозяйственных мероприятий для ленточных боров Алтайского края.

The paper highlights aspects of felling-related ribbon pine forest condition assessment as well as summary of forest management historical experience in the Altay territory ribbon pine forests. Research findings result in factors that determine current ribbon pine forest condition, highlight historically varying procedures in forest management, yield calculation, estimation of forest stand felling ages, conservation operations in ribbon pine forest and its environmental and other functions, ribbon pine forest environment conservation potential buildup. Forest regeneration potential efficiency in relation to forest growing conditions and thinning intensity based on experimental research finding analysis in 64 selective felling areas more than 5 years ago is presented. Based on ribbon pine forest sanitary condition study findings key forest pests and diseases have been isolated and mostly affected woods found. With regard to earlier silvicultural operations and natural regeneration process potentials key forest management improvement areas in the Altay territory ribbon pine forests have been shaped through development and application of regional special purpose silvicultural operation packages in protective ribbon pine forests.
Growth in Height and Diameter of Pine Stands in the West Siberian Subtaiga-Forest-steppe Region of the Altai Krai
Authors: Осипенко А.Е. , Залесов С.В. , Белов Л.А. , Шубин Д.А.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения хода роста естественных и искусственных древостоев с преобладанием сосны, произрастающих в ленточных борах Алтайского края. Исследования проведены в трех наиболее распространенных типах леса разных климатических зон. На основе полученных в ходе исследования данных предложено разрабатывать таблицы хода роста естественных и искусственных сосновых древостоев Западно-Сибирского подтаежно-лесостепного района лесостепной зоны Алтайского края.

The studies are focused on there searches of the growth progress of pine stands and based on the electronic allotment database containing the taxation characteristic for more than 268 thousand allotments of the ribbon forests in the Altai Krai with a total area of ​​1 014 thousand ha. The database includes a taxation description of the eleven forest districts of the Altai Krai in which the ribbon forests are located. For graphing of the growth progress in height and diameter, a selection of taxation descriptions of natural and artificial stands with a predominance of pine growing in the forest types most common in ribbon forests of the Altai Krai was madefrom the database: flat hilly surface dry forest, fresh forest, and grass forest. The article provides data on the distribution of forest land by type of forest; equations and graphs describing the growth progress in height and diameter of natural and artificial pine stands. To approximate the data, the Mitscher lichfunction was used. The study revealed that the largest values of the average height and average diameter of the stands were observed in the type of forest grass forest, and the smallest – in the forest type of flat hilly surface dry forest. In the conditions of forest types of flathilly surface dry forest, fresh forest, and grass forest up to III, IV and V age classes, respectively, artificial stands exceed natural ones in average diameter and height. However, after these age classes they begin to exceed them according to these indicators.The curves of the growth progress of natural pine stands growing in forest types of flat hilly surface dry forest, fresh forest, and grass forest correspond better to III, II and I age class of bonitet, respectively. The totality of the values ​​of the taxation indicators of the researched stands represents a certain set of points which have upper and lower limits and increase with age. The obtained data can form the basis for tables being developed for the growth progress of natural and artificial pine stands in ribbon forests of the Altai Krai by forest types and climatic zones.
Assessment of Forest Fire System of the Country
Authors: Коршунов Н.А. , Савченкова В.А. , Перминов А.В. , Калинин М.С.
Published: July 2024

Проанализировано состояние системы базовых компонентов, составляющих лесопожарные формирования и оказывающих влияние на всю систему охраны лесов от пожаров. Приведены количественные показатели анализа современной лесопожарной инфраструктуры и их сравнение с данными до 2000 г. Отмечена проблема неправомерной передачи части сети пожарнохимических станций на содержание арендаторам лесных участков и пространственного размещения лесопожарных формирований. Сформулированы основные задачи, которые необходимо решить для повышения эффективности системы охраны лесов от пожаров.

The article is devoted to the study of the state of the system of basic components that make up forest fire formations and have an impact on the entire system of forest fire protection. The actual problem of increasing the efficiency of the forest fire protection system in terms of rationing the working process of forest fire formations was also studied. Quantitative indicators of the analysis of modern forest fire infrastructure were given, as well as their comparison with the data that were in the period of the old Forest code. They show the need to solve from a scientific point of view with the analysis of longterm statistical data and the use of modern methods of information processing. In this regard, the legal regulations were analyzed, which regulate the provision of forest fire units, including in related departments, and information about the available resources of fire fighting studied. Evaluation of the data was carried out, which include such parameters as the coordinates of the locations of forest fire formations, their type, number of employees, the number and composition of machinery and equipment, their wear and tear, etc. A survey of regional specialists was conducted on the possible optimal composition and number of machinery and equipment, after processing of which a database containing information on 1,467 structural forest fire formations was compiled. A detailed analysis of the situation in some regions revealed the facts of unjustified inclusion of forest firefighters, forestry workers and inspectors engaged in forest supervision. Forest plans and master plans for extinguishing of forest fires of Russian Federation subjects were analyzed for regions in which there were discrepancies of the data with the available information. The assessment of the spatial location of forest fire formations showed that in the European part of the country the network of firechemical stations is the most developed, in some regions even excessive both in the number of stations and the number of equipment. There is a paradoxical phenomenon when on a set of firechemical stations there are only 2 3 workers. The number of pieces of equipment exceeds the actual number of employees. This indicates that the resources available in the region are not being used optimally. The main problems that need to be addressed in order to improve the effectiveness of the forest fire protection system have been identified.
Становление и развитие механизации лесохозяйственных работ
Authors: Rodin S. , Kazakov I. , Kazakov V.
Published: July 2024

Development of machinery and equipment for forestry operation mechanization at the institute started practically right after its establishment. Special focus was on development of horse and tractor driven machinery for soil preparation, sowing and agrotechnical treatments. In post war years a new forestry mechanization development stage commenced in particular development of special power sources. A design bureau and production experimental workshop were established for engineering documentation development. In early 60es laboratories for mechanization of key forestry operation technologies, forest seed harvest and treatment, planting stock production, forest plantation establishment, afforestation of gullied and mountain slopes, thinning were founded. Longterm work of the Insitute mechanization experts and Tsokbleshozmash officers resulted in development and introduction into serial production of over 150 brands of new machines, equipment and tools most of them is secured with inventors certificates and patents. The developed machinery and equipment was introduced in many regions of the nation and its applications enabled mechanization of practically all forestry technological operations with sufficient quality and performance growth.

Приведены основные этапы становления и развития научноисследовательских и опытноконструкторских работ во ВНИИЛМ по созданию машин и оборудования для лесного хозяйства. Отмечены наиболее важные достижения в этой области и сотрудники института, внесшие существенный вклад в решение проблемы механизации лесохозяйственных работ.
Mid-Volga Oak Woods: Condition, Regeneration аnd Conservation
Authors: Пуряев А.С. , Зарипов И.Н. , Петров В.А.
Published: July 2024

Приведен исторический обзор распространения и эволюции дубрав Среднего Поволжья. Указаны причины деградации дубовых насаждений. Проанализированы данные по установлению площадей дубрав, характеризующие их современное состояние. Рассмотрены существующие разработки по восстановлению, формированию дубовых насаждений, а также современные исследования в области сохранения и воспроизводства дубрав региона.

The paper stresses that MidVolga oak woods were always subject to active forest exploitation human activities. Historical review of MidVolga oak formation development by several researchers shows that commercial activities in oak woods in the region sufficiently impacted this species plantation condition over 300 years. It is outlined that reasons of oak plantation productivity and quality reduction were imperfection of forest management in oak woods, periodical negative climate factors and especially oak phytocoenosis growing in its area boundaries with sufficient impacts. Modern analysis of oak wood origin in the region found that mainly low stem oak woods (67 of total area) prevail. High stem oak woods have advantage over low stem ones in Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Chuvashiya and Mry El Republic. Research developments to produce common oak planting stock planting stock its regeneration and shaping in plantations. It is outlined that in the region there is ongoing research to regenerate and shape oak woods which enables development of innovative technologies to regenerate and conserve oak forests in the region.
Study of Dendrophilous Insects at Forest Research Stations of the Institute of Forest Science Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Петров А.В. , Уткина И.А. , Рубцов В.В.
Published: July 2024

Приведен краткий анализ результатов энтомологических исследований в насаждениях стационаров Института лесоведения РАН. В процессе многолетних исследований изучались особенности популяционной динамики дендрофильных насекомых, закономерности формирования агрессивных ассоциативных комплексов ксилофильных насекомых с патогенными микроорганизмами и проникновение чужеродных видов насекомых в насаждения европейской части России. Проанализированы особенности динамики численности основных видов филлофагов на юго-востоке лесостепи в современных климатических условиях.

A brief analysis of the issues of entomological investigations in forest stands of the Institute of Forest Science Russian Academy of Sciences (IFS RAS) has been carried out. In the process of long-term stationary studies, the features of the population dynamics of the main species of phyllophagous insects, their impact on the health condition of oak trees of various phenological forms and on plantings in general against the background of climatic changes, as well as the consortive relations of xylophilous insects with their host plants were studied using the example of bark beetles. In long time period specialists of the institute studied insects in forest stations of Moscow, Voronezh and Volgograd regions. Articles by Gruntal S. Yu., Korolkova G. E., Moravskaya A. S., Lindeman G. V., Rafes P. M. and Rubtsova N. N. focus on the study of insects, as components of ecological communities. The bark beetles are one of the most serious threats to the forest of European part of Russia. A detailed study of the biological characteristics of the feeding of beetles and their pogeny, the population dynamics of certain species of bark beetles, and the mortality factors of progeny was carried out in forest stations of IFS RAS. The processes of bark beetles spread in recent decades due to climate change have been characterized. The study of the patterns of formation of aggressive associative complexes of bark beetles with pathogenic microorganisms is the most urgent task for prospective studies at forest research stations of the IFS RAS.
Theory of Sustainability in the Practice of Forest Pathological Surveys of Recreational Forests (on the Example of the Stands of the Serebryanoborsky Experimental Forestry of the ILAN RAS)
Authors: Стороженко В.Г.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты оценки состояния основных лесообразующих пород при различных рекреационных и техногенных нагрузках в лесах Серебряноборского опытного лесничества Института лесоведения РАН, составляющих зеленый пояс г. Москвы. Показана возможность разделения массивов лесов по степени их устойчивости и определения перспектив их формирования при естественном ходе развития с использованием разработок теории устойчивости как фундаментальной основы отечественного лесоведения и лесоводства.

The aim of the work is to use the development of the theory of sustainability as the fundamental basis of national forestry and silviculture, to show the possibility of separating forest areas of the main forest-forming species of recreational use according to their degree of stability and to determine the prospects for their formation during the natural course of development.The data on determining the state of the main forest species under various recreational and man-made loads in the Serebryanoborsky experimental forest area of the Institute of Forest Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which constitute the green belt of Moscow, are given. The distribution and influence on the condition of trees and trees stands of the pine Peridermium pini and Heterobasidion annosum in of natural and artificial origin are considered. All stands of Serebryanoborsky experimental forestry are divided according to the gradations of resistance into absolutely sustainable, sustainable, relatively sustainable, and unsustainable forest communities. Pine forests of natural origin are relatively resistant. Pine stands, according to a set of sustainability criteria, belong to unsustainable formations with the prospect of reforming deciduous formations into forests by factors of endogenous (fungal diseases) and exogenous (sanitary felling) effects. The influence of road transport emissionson the state of the main forest-forming species of forestry at different distancesfrom MKAD is considered. For all the forests surveyed, the prospects for their formation during the natural course of development were determined. Practical application of fundamental scientific statements concerning the theory of forest sustainability allows to critically evaluate their current state, the prospects for transformation into forests of other structures in the foreseeable future and makes it possible to optimize forest management measures for the formation of sustainable forests according to silvicultural and sanitary criteria.
The Structure of Aspen Stands of the Republic of Tatarstan and their Productivity
Authors: Гарипов Н.Р. , Пуряев А.С.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований, характеризующие структуру осинников Республики Татарстан. Выполнена сравнительная оценка производительности осиновых насаждений взависимости от географических (геоморфологических) районов их произрастания итипов лесорастительных условий.

Research findings featuring structural arrangement and productivity of aspen woods in the Tatarstan Republic in 3physic-geographical regions: Pre-Volga, Pre-Kama, Trans-Kama. Studies of the Tatarstan Republic key forest stand range, its accumulation of mean stem timber growing stock including mean annual growing stock variation, its classification based on site index categories and relative density was done with regard to forest growing types in age groups. Basic data analysis resulted in proof of rich high inventory indicator tropho-type availability in the Tatarstan Republic. The presented data based on real data in mature and over-mature aspen woods in the Tatarstan Republic and its possible stem core rot damage enables promotion of forest management operation development to reconstruct key forest stands with apriority of special purpose forest management targeted at this tree species with regard to territory forest growing conditions.
Modern Condition of Nursery Forest Soils of the Leningrad Region
Authors: Дурова А.С. , Фетисова А.А.
Published: July 2024

Состояние почв лесных питомников является одним из лимитирующих факторов, оказывающих влияние на выход стандартного посадочного материала. Встатье приводится комплексная оценка состояния почв всеми лесных питомниках, расположенных на территории Ленинградской обл. Изучены агрохимические параметры и дана характеристика зараженности почв фитофлорой иэнтомовредителями.

The article presents acomprehensive analysis of the current state of the soil fields in seven existing district forest areas of the Leningrad region: Lodeynopolskoye, SyasStroyevskoye, Prigorodnoye, Luzhskoye, Svirskoye, Gonginskoye and Krivkovskoe. All surveyed nurseries were organized with the aim of growing planting material and specializing in the cultivation of pine and spruce seedlings. In the course of the study, soil samples were taken from the entire production area of the nurseries under study. The main aim of the study was to investigate and analyze the agrochemical properties of nurseries soils. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved. The granulometric composition of the soils was studied, and such agrochemical parameters as the total nitrogen content, hydrolytic acidity of the soils, the proportion of organic matter, the amount of absorbed bases, pH of the salt extract, as well as the determination of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium were also evaluated. In addition, soil contamination of the fields with phytophlora and pests was checked. All of the above analyzes were carried out according to generally accepted methods in the accredited laboratory of the soil chemical department of the branch of Roslesozashita Center of Forest Protection of Leningrad Region . The conducted studies allowed to give acomparative assessment of the soil of the nursery fields according to the main agrochemical parameters, to characterize the degree of soil contamination by the plant with phytophlora and pest infestations, to give adetailed description of the state of the fields of each nursery studied.
Optical Patterns Measurement of the Diameters of the Trunks of Trees
Authors: Южаков Д.С. , Николаев А.И.
Published: July 2024

Измерение диаметра ствола дерева традиционными измерительными инструментами при таксации лесных насаждений приводит к возникновению погрешности субъективного характера, выходящей за пределы допустимых значений. В статье обосновывается применение основных геометрических и оптических знаний при разработке нового инструментария, позволяющего проводить измерения диаметров деревьев с большей эффективностью.

The article analyzes the problems of increasing the accuracy of measuring the diameter of tree trunks and ways to solve them using the developed optical tool. The article describes the way of modeling and creating a new optical instrument. This development is related to the imperfection of the currently widely used tools That lead to errors related to the human factor. The reasons for errors when measuring the diameter of trunks with a forest measuring fork are considered. The results of measuring the diameter of the barrels with the proposed tool are presented. It is proved that the internal walls of diopters are made at a certain angle, which will allow to level the error of the observers visual acuity to maintain the accuracy of measurements within 2 . The use of the developed optical tool will increase the accuracy of measuring the diameter of the trunk by almost 2 times, which will have a positive impact on the accuracy of determining a number of taxational characteristics of trees associated with the diameter of the trunk. This is confirmed by field experiments.
GIS Support for the Carbon Budget Assessments of the Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Малышева Н.В. , Золина Т.А.
Published: July 2024

На примере лесного района хвойно-широколиственных (смешанных) лесов Европейско-Уральской части России показана возможность использования инструментария ГИС для поддержки климатических исследований, связанных с оценкой экологического потенциала лесов по накоплению биогенного углерода.

The possibility of using GIS tools to support climate research related to the assessment of the environmental potential of forests to store biogenic carbon is shown by the example of the forest area of coniferous-broadleaved (mixed) forests of the European-Ural region of Russia. GIS tools allowed for identification of carbon budget accounting units of regional and local levels. With the help of ArcGIS software, a map of the division of the Russian territory into forest zones and forest areas with homogeneous site specific conditions in accordance with the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation has been prepared. Territorial and spatial representation of forest taxation characteristics input parameters of model calculations of carbon deposition and carbon budget within the forest lands of the research object is considered. The maps of ecology and resource potential of the forest areas ecosystems were made by ArcGIS software. The indicators of the annual carbon accumulation by ecosystems (NEP) over the forest management units dedicated to the zone of coniferous-broadleaved (mixed) forests of the European-Ural part of Russia and the carbon budget (NBP) were calculated with data of the State Forest Register (SFR) as of 01.01.2016. The results of model calculations of carbon sequestration by coniferous-broadleaved (mixed) forests of the European-Ural part of Russia and carbon balance in the cartographic form are presented.
Сравнение экофизиологических показателей сосны и ели в Серебряноборском опытном лесничестве
Authors: Molchanov А.
Published: July 2024

Research conducted in Serebryanoborsky forestry Institute of Forestry RAS. To evaluate gas exchange, an original setup based on an infrared gas analyzer was used. The installation created at the Forestry Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences made it possible to simultaneously, round-the-clock receive daily changes in the intensity of photosynthesis and respiration of adult trunks of pine and spruce trees. It was found that the respiration of pine and spruce trunks, calculated on the surface of trunks, does not differ significantly, while the intensity of photosynthesis of spruce (when calculated on the surface area of needles) is almost two times lower than that of pine. However, we believe that when calculating the area of growth, the differences will be insignificant, since the mass of spruce needles in the stand is much greater than the mass of pine needles per unit area of growth. It was found that the intensity of photosynthesis of spruce is more affected by moisture deficiency. So, during the day, with a PVPL equal to -0.8 MPa, on a cloudy day from 9 oclock it reduces the intensity of photosynthesis, whereas in pine only after 12 hours. On cloudy days, spruce with the same water supply practically does not decrease the intensity of photosynthesis during the whole day, and differences in the light curves of photosynthesis of pine and spruce are less significant. The calculation of pine and spruce trunk respiration per day depends on the arrival of solar radiation on cloudy days, the respiration rate is two times weaker than on low-cloud days. Thus, environmental and physiological indicators reflect the state of stands. The most informative indicator is the predawn water potential of the leaf (needles). This indicator characterizes the water availability of the tree, regardless of the reason for the decrease in water availability. The daily course of photosynthesis intensity and CO2 emission from the surface of the trunks are also informative indicators of the state of trees. However, when comparing different breeds by shade tolerance, it is better to use breathing from the surface of the trunks.

Приведены результаты оценки влияния окружающей среды на эколого-физиологические показатели ели обыкновенной и сосны обыкновенной. Установлено, что дыхание стволов сосны и ели при расчете за сутки зависит от поступления солнечной радиации: в пасмурные дни интенсивность дыхания в 2 раза слабее, чем в малооблачные. При недостатке влаги интенсивность фотосинтеза ели снижается в большей степени, чем у сосны.