bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Majority of potable water microplastics are smaller than the 20 µm EU methodology limit for consumable water quality
Authors: Hagelskjær Oskar , Hagelskjær Frederik , Margenat Henar , Yakovenko Nadiia , Sonke Jeroen , Le Roux Gaël
Published: June 2024

Microplastic (MP) content in nutrition including potable water is unregulated, although MP concentrations in bottled water can diverge by several orders of magnitude. The EU Directive 2020/2184 on consumable water quality recently proposed methodological approaches to the detection of MPs in potable water in the size range of 20-5000 µm. However, small MPs in the 1-20 µm range are far more likely to pass the human intestine into blood and organs. We therefore investigated MP concentrations down to 1 µm in ten individual polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled water brands and one tap water sample by Raman microspectroscopy. Our analyses are supported by procedural blank- (negative control) and analytical recovery correction (positive control) using red polyethylene fragments in the 5-100 µm range. We find that MP concentrations range from 19 to 1,154 (n/L) [0.001 to 0.250 µg/L]. Importantly, 98 and 94% of MPs measured less than 20 and 10 µm in diameter, respectively, demonstrating the importance of small MP inclusion in potable water analyses and regulation.
Theoretical infrared signature of OH defects in Fe3+, Cr3+ and Al3+-doped enstatite
Authors: Balan Etienne , Ingrin Jannick
Published: June 2024

The infrared spectroscopic properties of selected defects involving one proton and one nearby M3+ (M=Al, Cr, Fe) substitution in orthoenstatite are investigated by first- principles calculations. Based on the theoretical results, the absorption bands experimentally observed on synthetic samples with high crystalline quality and low doping levels can be assigned to specific defect configurations. Most of them correspond to Mg vacancies at M2 sites locally compensated by one proton and one M3+ cation at a nearby M1 site. This confirms that the M3+ + H+ = 2 Mg2+ exchange mechanism is the dominant hydrogen incorporation mechanism at the lowest concentration levels in doped enstatite. At higher concentration levels, more complex incorporation mechanisms could become dominant in Al-bearing samples.
Latent Learning Progress Drives Autonomous Goal Selection in Human Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Molinaro Gaia , Colas Cédric , Oudeyer Pierre-Yves , Collins Anne
Published: June 2024

Humans are autotelic agents who learn by setting and pursuing their own goals. However, the precise mechanisms guiding human goal selection remain unclear. Learning progress, typically measured as the observed change in performance, can provide a valuable signal for goal selection in both humans and artificial agents. We hypothesize that human choices of goals may also be driven by latent learning progress, which humans can estimate through knowledge of their actions and the environment – even without experiencing immediate changes in performance. To test this hypothesis, we designed a hierarchical reinforcement learning task in which human participants (N = 175) repeatedly chose their own goals and learned goal-conditioned policies. Our behavioral and computational modeling results confirm the influence of latent learning progress on goal selection and uncover inter-individual differences, partially mediated by recognition of the environment’s hierarchical structure. By investigating the role of latent learning progress in human goal selection, we pave the way for more effective and personalized learning experiences as well as the advancement of more human-like autotelic machines.
Associations Between a Genetic Liability Toward Behavioral Disinhibition and Externalizing Outcomes Spanning Toddlerhood Through Early Adulthood in Five Developmental Cohorts
Authors: Choi Maia , Poore Holly , Brislin Sarah J , Aliev Fazil , Zellers Stephanie , Barr Peter , Saunders Gretchen , Salvatore Jessica E , VRIEZE SCOTT , Harden K. Paige , Palmer Abraham , Raevuori Anu , Latvala Antti , Dick Danielle
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjective: Understanding how genetic risk unfolds across development will be important for using genetics to inform prevention and early intervention. The current study leverages information from five large datasets to characterize behavioral manifestations of a genetic liability toward behavioral undercontrol from ages 6 months- 26 years. Method: We used polygenic scores (PGS) derived from a multivariate GWAS of Externalizing that identified genetic variants associated with behaviors related to behavioral undercontrol (EXTPGS) to estimate associations of genetic liability with relevant behavioral phenotypes within and across developmental periods, ranging from toddlerhood to early adulthood. We used data from five population- and family-based datasets spanning three countries. Objective: Understanding how genetic risk unfolds across development will be important for using genetics to inform prevention and early intervention. The current study leverages information from five large datasets to characterize behavioral manifestations of a genetic liability toward behavioral disinhibition from ages 6 months- 26 years. Method: We used polygenic scores (PGS) derived from a multivariate GWAS of Externalizing that identified genetic variants associated with behavioral disinhibition (EXTPGS) to estimate associations of genetic liability with relevant phenotypes within and across developmental periods, ranging from toddlerhood to early adulthood. We used data from five population- and family-based datasets spanning three countries. Results: The EXTPGS was significantly associated with a breadth of externalizing phenotypes from toddlerhood to early adulthood. Higher EXTPGS was consistently associated with measures of impulsivity from early adolescence to early adulthood. Individuals with higher EXTPGS were more likely to experience conduct problems and symptoms of oppositional defiant and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Further, the EXTPGS was associated with higher levels of substance use and problems beginning in early adolescence through early adulthood, including alcohol and other illicit drug use. There was minimal evidence for sex interactions. Conclusion: A genetic liability toward behavioral disinhibition is associated a wide array of behaviors and psychiatric/substance use outcomes from early childhood to emerging adulthood. These findings suggest that prevention and early intervention efforts should consider the breadth of adverse outcomes for which individuals carrying a genetic liability for behavioral disinhibition are at risk.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Symptom Stability in Individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder over Six Years of Prospective Follow-up
Authors: Fan Yiqing , Obisie-Orlu Immanuela C , Mkhize Tarry , Letkiewicz Allison , Eisen Jane L. , Rasmussen Steven A. , Boisseau Christina
Published: June 2024

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) commonly co-occurs with personality disorders, particularly obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Recent research suggests that personality disorders, especially OCPD, might not be as stable as once thought. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the longitudinal stability of OCPD diagnosis and individual symptom criteria in individuals with OCD. Methods: 107 participants with a primary diagnosis of OCD were included in the study. Cochran’s Q tests were conducted to assess whether there were significant changes in the proportions of individuals endorsing an OCPD diagnosis and each of the eight OCPD symptom criteria across three time points over six years. Results: Although the percentage of participants diagnosed with OCPD remained consistent across the study, closer inspection of the data suggested diagnostic instability, with participants moving in and out of OCPD diagnosis. Five individual criteria (detail-oriented, reluctance to delegate, inflexible, overconscientious, and scrupulous, excessive work devotion, and miserly spending style) were shown to be stable and the other three (perfectionism, rigidity and stubbornness, and hoarding) were unstable. Conclusion: OCPD diagnosis is not stable in individuals with OCD and consists of a mix of enduring and episodic symptom criteria. It suggests the need for a potential refinement of OCPD diagnostic criteria and future research on symptom stability of OCPD across different diagnostic groups.
Why is life expectancy in England and Wales falling behind? A cause-of-death decomposition approach.
Authors: Polizzi Antonino , Tilstra Andrea Michelle , Zhang Luyin , Dowd Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Life expectancy in England and Wales has diverged from its high-income peers since 2011, raising concerns that England and Wales may become an international life expectancy laggard like the United States of America (USA). Using the contour decomposition method, we decompose gaps in male and female life expectancy between England and Wales and 20 individual high-income countries in 2019 into: (a) pre-existing differences in age- and cause-specific death rates in 2011; and (b) diverging trends in these rates in 2011–19. Focusing on mortality trends, we find that external causes at young-to-middle ages, cardiometabolic mortality at middle-to-older ages, and dementia mortality at older ages contributed most to life expectancy gaps. Although there are parallels to the USA, England and Wales is experiencing distinct mortality trends. Whether we are entering a period of more generalized life expectancy stagnation in high-income countries will be an important question to monitor.
Complementarities in Infrastructure: Evidence from Indian Agriculture
Authors: Eynde Oliver Vanden , Wren-Lewis Liam
Published: June 2024

Complementarities between infrastructure projects have been understudied. Thispaper examines interactions in the impacts of large-scale road construction, electrification, and mobile phone coverage programs in rural India. We exploit variation over time in when villages received the programs to study the individualand joint impacts on a range of outcomes. Notably, we find strong evidence that villages increase dry-season cropping when they receive both electricity and roads, but not when they receive one without the other. This increase in dry-season cropping is associated with a move towards market crops and improved economic conditions (i.e., higher assets and consumption). These findings have implications for the optimal implementation of infrastructure programs.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO USO DE JOGOS PARA O ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DA MATEMÁTICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II
Authors: Lima de Morais Wygna Thaynara , Weirich da Silva Coelho Iandra Maria
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as principais contribuições do uso de jogos no ensino-aprendizagem da matemática,  para alunos do Ensino Fundamental II. A pesquisa, de caráter bibliográfico e abordagem qualitativa, compreende a compilação de um corpus de pesquisas referentes à temática realizadas durante o período de 2018 a 2022 e análise das principais contribuições. Entre os resulados, ressaltamos o interesse dos estudantes em aprender matemática por meio dos jogos, a promoção da interatividade e a motivação, aspectos que potencializam o processo de aprendizagem dos conteúdos matemáticos.
LEITOR VERSUS AUTOR
Authors: José Galúcio Campos et al.
Published: June 2024

Neste artigo apresentamos uma resposta à provocação de Humpty Dumpty, personagem do livro Alice através do Espelho do autor Lewis Carroll, devidamente adequada ao caso da leitura, acerca da primazia na interpretação de texto, seja do autor ou do leitor. Este estudo possui um caráter essencialmente teórico, amparado num conjunto de fontes bibliográficas que servem de base teórico-conceitual para evidenciar as questões propostas. Expusemos as posturas leitoras e elencamos três constituintes pertinentes à hermenêutica: a gramática, o contexto e a atribuição aleatória de significado às palavras. Avaliamos os prós e contras de cada uma. Por fim, apresentamos uma solução ao problema baseando-se no posicionamento de ordem onto-gnosiológica chamado de realismo crítico.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DO PERFIL DE EMPREENDEDORES NO MUNICÍPIO DE MAUÉS
Authors: Pinto Barboza Heloiza , Ferreira Batista Rafaela Cristina , Gomes do Nascimento Cristiano
Published: June 2024

Nos últimos anos, muitas pessoas investiram recursos no empreendedorismo em Maués mesmo sabendo dos desafios que poderiam enfrentar para que o seu negócio continuasse atuando no mercado, sendo a maioria com o objetivo de conseguir renda. Então considerando a relevância do estudo para produção de novos produtos e inovações e para o desenvolvimento econômico, pela geração de emprego e renda, e assim também oferecendo melhores condições de vida para os indivíduos. Portanto, buscou-se identificar o problema quais são os desafios do empreendedorismo em Maués-AM, tendo como objetivo geral evidenciar os desafios do empreendedorismo em Maués e como interferem no desempenho do empreendimento, sendo um estudo de caso. Essa pesquisa aborda a origem e definição do empreendedorismo, bem como o empreendedorismo no Brasil, as características do empreendedor e desafios que enfrentam. Também é apresentada a importância do ensino e a ação do empreendedorismo para a sociedade e economia.  A presente pesquisa foi realizada em Maués-AM com a participação de 12 empreendedores questionados. Com as informações obtidas pela coleta de dados foi possível conhecer os desafios que alguns empreendedores encaram ao entrar nessa área e como conseguem diminuir as consequências, por meio da inovação. Foram capazes de investir capital, mesmo estando cientes de possíveis riscos, porém aproveitando as oportunidades para crescer comercialmente.
JUVENTUDE E EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Pereira Parente Ednei , Morais Lima Maria Francisca
Published: June 2024

Falar dos jovens no contexto Amazônico é pensar nas dificuldades educacionais e de empregabilidade, uma vez que as oportunidades de formação profissional se tornam escassas em muitos dos municípios na Amazônia. Este estudo objetiva mostrar a importância da educação profissional e tecnológica, desenvolvida pelo IFAM, para a inserção dos jovens, não só na academia, mas principalmente no mundo do trabalho. A questão que norteou a pesquisa adveio de discussões em sala de aula do mestrado em EPT, na disciplina eletiva Juventude, trabalho e escola, ministrada pela prof. Dra. Deuzilene Salazar e dos relatos de experiência de alguns mestrandos em relação à temática. A pesquisa apresentou uma abordagem de cunho bibliográfico e descritivo. O referencial teórico foi pautado em autores que estudam a juventude e a EPT no Brasil e na Amazônia. A pesquisa também apresentou dados populacionais e a necessidade de formação, por meio de cursos ofertados na área de educação profissional e tecnológica, aos jovens que vivem à margem da sociedade, proporcionando assim, a inserção futura desses discentes no mundo do trabalho. Como resultado, espera-se, com esse estudo, uma percepção mais crítica sobre a importância da EPT na vida de jovens amazônidas e sua contribuição para a formação humana integral do indivíduo.
LEGISLAÇÃO PESQUEIRA COMO APOIO AOS ACORDOS DE PESCA DO BAIXO TOCANTINS (PARÁ, BRASIL)
Authors: Louchard Ferreira Soares Jean , Simões Aquiles , Flores Maria do Socorro Almeida Flores
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho é uma revisão da legislação pesqueira com enfoque nas comunidades ribeirinhas localizadas na microrregião de Cametá no baixo Tocantins, Pará, Brasil. Utilizou-se a metodologia descritiva através do estudo das principais legislações para assim realizar uma avaliação dos acordos de pesca, estes têm por finalidade a mediação e gestão dos conflitos relacionados aos recursos pesqueiros. Foram avaliados os documentos materializados nas comunidades de Jaracuera Grande em Cametá-PA, Saracá em Limoeiro do Ajurú-PA e Santo Antônio de Viseu em Mocajuba-PA. Após avaliação destes acordos, fica evidenciado que há necessidade de maior apoio técnico na elaboração dos regramentos estabelecidos, principalmente no que tange às proibições e permissões dos apetrechos de pesca, assim como o melhor detalhamento das áreas de abrangência dos pesqueiros e dos procedimentos adotados para fiscalização e controle dos  espaços de pesca. Todavia, apesar de ainda não possuírem portarias junto aos órgãos competentes, estes acordos apresentam uma forte inclinação ao cumprimento da legalidade, visto que as comunidades que se dispõem a formalizar os acordos de pesca, via de regra, estão em busca de solucionar questões sociais, ambientais e econômicas em favor de uma atividade pesqueira mais sustentável.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CONTROLE MICROBIOLÓGICO EM MAQUIAGENS DE USO COLETIVO: UM ALERTA PARA OS RISCOS À SAUDE
Authors: De Carvalho Suzana Moradillo , Staudt Keli Jaqueline , Alves Izabel Almeida , Nascimento Joselene Conceição Nunes
Published: June 2024

As maquiagens de uso coletivo e utilizadas por vários indivíduos podem acarretar riscos para à saúde. O artigo objetiva relatar através de uma revisão de literatura a importância da qualidade microbiológica de cosméticos utilizados de forma coletiva e sua relação com os riscos à saúde. Entre os microrganismos mais encontrados temos fungos, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Salmonella ssp. Diante do exposto, o controle microbiológico é de fundamental importância em cosméticos, onde esses devem seguir os cumprimentos das Boas Práticas de Fabricação de modo a garantir a qualidade, segurança e eficácia dos produtos cosméticos para consumo.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE POLIFENÓIS EM SUCO DE UVA INTEGRAL POR ESPECTROFOTOMETRIA
Authors: Zamboni Francieli , Pagno Andressa Rodrigues , De Brum Thiele Faccim
Published: June 2024

RESUMO
A uva é uma fruta conhecida por conter altas concentrações de polifenóis, compostos oriundos do metabolismo secundário de plantas, com propriedades terapêuticas, como ação antioxidante. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, quantificar os polifenóis totais presentes em amostras de suco de uva integral tinto e branco, por meio de espectrofotometria. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo de caráter experimental com atividades de laboratório, para quantificação de compostos fenólicos totais de acordo com o método descrito por Chandra e Mejia (2004), baseado em técnicas espectrofotométricas. Os resultados da quantificação de polifenóis em suco de uva integral branco e tinto revelaram que o suco tinto possui uma concentração maior desses compostos, com 4,88 mg/mL, em comparação com o suco branco, que apresentou 0,975 mg/mL, ambos demonstrando um equivalente de ácido gálico. Essa diferença pode ser explicada pelo processo de produção do suco, que envolve maior contato com a casca da uva no caso do suco tinto. Os polifenóis apresentam a presença de um anel benzênico associado a pelo menos um grupo hidroxila, o que confere ação antioxidante. O resveratrol, um tipo de polifenol, tem sido amplamente estudado devido aos seus benefícios terapêuticos, incluindo ação neuroprotetora. Além disso, o suco de uva branco pode apresentar capacidade coadjuvante de modular parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos. No entanto, é importante realizar mais pesquisas, especialmente em humanos, para explorar o potencial desses compostos, além da quantificação de polifenóis a fim de relacionar concentração e efeito terapêutico.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE POLIFENÓIS TOTAIS DE VINHOS TINTOS DA SAFRA DO ANO DE 2022
Authors: Kotowski Lizete Dilene , Mayer Ildemar , Piana Mariana , Staudt Keli Jaqueline
Published: June 2024

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo quantificar polifenóis totais em amostras de vinhos tintos fabricados de forma artesanal na cidade de Guarani das Missões e fabricados por vinícolas na Serra Gaúcha, na safra do ano de 2022. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na quantificação de polifenóis totais a partir de duas técnicas utilizando a espectrofotometria colorimétrica na região do UV-Vis quantificados os polifenóis totais em equivalente de ácido gálico em 760 nm e a identificação dos demais compostos fenólicos na faixa entre 280 e 520 nm, sendo esta última faixa em que se destacam as antocianinas. Os resultados encontrados na quantificação de polifenóis totais apresentam valores na faixa de 1270,8 a 1662,5 para as amostras industriais e entre 687,5 a 1079,2 para as amostras artesanais, bem como diferenças significativas na avaliação colorimétrica das amostras pelos espectros de absorção colorimétrica, nos quais as amostras industriais apresentaram banda maior de absorção na faixa de 520 nm, o que caracteriza maior presença de antocianinas nessas amostras, composto fenólico importante para a caracterização do vinho.
Combined neuromodulation and resection for functional cortex epilepsy: a case series
Authors: Merenzon Martín A. , Sivaraju Adithya , Herlopian Aline , Gerrard Jason L. , Quraishi Imran H. , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Spencer Dennis D. , Damisah Eyiyemisi C.
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

Medically refractory epilepsy (MRE) often requires resection of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) for effective treatment. However, when the SOZ is in functional cortex (FC), achieving complete and safe resection becomes difficult, due to the seizure network overlap with function. The authors aimed to assess the safety and outcomes of a combined approach involving partial resection combined with focal neuromodulation for FC refractory epilepsy.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of individuals diagnosed with MRE who underwent surgical intervention from January 2015 to December 2022. Patients whose SOZ was located in FC and were treated with resection combined with simultaneous implantation of a focal neuromodulation device (responsive neurostimulation [RNS] device) with more than 12 months of follow-up data were included. All patients underwent a standard epilepsy preoperative assessment including intracranial electroencephalography and extraoperative stimulation mapping. Resections were performed under general anesthesia, followed by the concurrent implantation of an RNS device.

RESULTS

Seven patients (4 males, median age 32.3 years, all right-handed) were included. The median interval from seizure onset to surgery was 17.4 years. The epileptogenic network included sensorimotor areas (cases 2, 3, and 6), visual cortex (case 1), language areas (cases 4 and 7), and the insula (case 5). The median follow-up was 3 years (range 1–5.8 years). No significant changes in neuropsychological tests were reported. One permanent nondisabling planned neurological deficit (left inferior quadrantanopia) was observed. Six patients had stimulation activated at a median of 4.7 months after resection. All patients achieved good seizure outcomes (5 with Engel class I and 2 with Engel class II outcomes).

CONCLUSIONS

Maximal safe resection combined with focal neuromodulation presents a promising alternative to stand-alone resections for MRE epileptogenic zones overlapping with functional brain. This combined approach prioritizes the preservation of function while improving seizure outcomes.
Turning the operating room into a mixed-reality environment: a prospective clinical investigation for cerebral aneurysm clipping
Authors: Gmeiner Matthias , Ring Michael H. , Prückl Robert , Lambrakis Elisabeth M. , Rauch Philipp , Gollwitzer Maria , Stefanits Harald , Stroh Nico , Sonnberger Michael , Hauser Anna , Sardi Gracija , Aichholzer Martin , Gruber Andreas , Schaffelhofer Stefan
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

The overall aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential benefit of a novel mixed-reality–head-mounted display (MR-HMD) on the spatial orientation of surgeons.

METHODS

In a prospective clinical investigation, the authors applied for the first time a new multicamera navigation technology in an operating room setting that allowed them to directly compare MR-HMD navigation to standard monitor navigation. In the study, which included 14 patients with nonruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms, the authors investigated how intuitively and effectively surgical instruments could be guided in 5 different visual navigation conditions.

RESULTS

The authors demonstrate that multicamera tracking can be reliably integrated in a clinical setting (usability score 1.12 ± 0.31). Moreover, the technology captures large volumes of the operating room, allowing the team to track and integrate different devices and instruments, including MR-HMDs. Directly comparing mixed-reality navigation to standard monitor navigation revealed a significantly improved intuition in mixed reality, leading to navigation times that were twice as fast (2.1×, p ≤ 0.01). Despite the enhanced speed, the same targeting accuracy (approximately 2.5 mm, freehand tool use) in comparison to monitor navigation could be observed. Intraoperative planning strategies with mixed reality clearly outperformed classic preoperative planning: surgeons scored the mixed-reality plan as the best trajectory in 63% of the cases (chance level 33%).

CONCLUSIONS

The incorporation of mixed reality in neurosurgical operations marks a significant advancement in the field. The use of mixed reality in brain surgery enhances the spatial awareness of surgeons, enabling more instinctive and precise surgical interventions. This technological integration promises to refine the execution of complex procedures without compromising accuracy.
White matter characteristics in children with cerebral palsy prior to selective dorsal rhizotomy: a multicenter diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Yuan Weihong , Stevenson Charles B. , Moretti Paolo , Mangano Francesco T. , Pavanello Marco , Cama Armando , Tortora Domenico , Tacchino Chiara , Bailes Amy F. , Greve Kelly R. , Vargus-Adams Jilda N. , Dudley Jonathan A. , Harpster Karen , Kurowski Brad G. , Mitelpunkt Alexis , Aronow Bruce
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to 1) assess and quantify white matter (WM) microstructural characteristics derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) prior to selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR), and 2) investigate potential associations between WM diffusion properties and gross motor function and spasticity in children with spastic CP who underwent SDR.

METHODS

This study is a multisite study based on DT images acquired prior to SDR as well as postoperative outcome data. DTI data collected from two sites were harmonized using the ComBat approach to minimize intersite scanner difference. The DTI abnormalities between children with spastic CP and controls were analyzed and correlated with the severity of impaired mobility based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The improvement in gross motor function and spasticity after SDR surgery was assessed utilizing the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Alterations in these outcome measures were quantified in association with DTI abnormalities.

RESULTS

Significant DTI alterations, including lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the genu of the corpus callosum (gCC) and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the gCC and posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), were found in children in the SDR group when compared with the age-matched control group (all p < 0.05). Greater DTI alterations (FA in gCC and MD in gCC and PLIC) were associated with lower mobility levels as determined based on GMFCS level (p < 0.05). The pre- to post-SDR improvement in motor function based on GMFM-66 was statistically significant (p = 0.006 and 0.002 at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, respectively). The SDR efficacy was also identified as improving spasticity in lower-extremity muscle groups assessed with the MTS and MAS. Partial correlation analysis presented a significant association between pre- to post-SDR MTS alteration and DTI abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings in the present study provided initial quantitative evidence to establish the WM microstructural characteristics in children with spastic CP prior to SDR surgery. The study generated data for the association between baseline DTI characteristics and mobility in children with CP prior to SDR surgery. The study also demonstrated SDR efficacy in improving motor function and spasticity based on the GMFM-66, MTS, and MAS, respectively, in association with DTI data.
Influence of the sagittal spinal profile type on the long-term outcome of patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis after microsurgical decompression
Authors: Früh Anton , Sargut Tarik Alp , Prinz Vincent , Hecht Nils , Franke Jörg , Dinkelbach Malte , Pöhlmann Florian , Vajkoczy Peter , Bayerl Simon
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

Microsurgical decompression for patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) has demonstrated long-term improvement concerning pain and function. Nonetheless, a considerable proportion of these patients do not experience satisfactory alleviation of symptoms. Previous studies have not found a direct influence of single sagittal parameters on patient outcomes. However, recent research indicates that a composite of parameters, presented in specific sagittal profile types (SPTs) that were defined by Roussouly and colleagues, may affect these outcomes. This study aims to investigate the impact of SPT on long-term outcomes of patients with LSS following microsurgical decompression.

METHODS

This study is a prospective clinical observation. Patients with symptomatic LSS, who underwent microsurgical treatment and had long-term follow-up data for at least 36 months, were included. Patients with spinal deformity, fractures, or significant instability were excluded. Outcomes were measured using the numeric rating scale for pain, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey for quality of life, walking distance, Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and Odom’s criteria. SPT was determined in blinded fashion by using preoperative long standing radiographs.

RESULTS

The initial population of this observational study consisted of 128 patients, with long-term results available for 87 individuals, including 24 patients with SPT1, 20 with SPT2, 27 with SPT3, and 16 with SPT4. The average age was 70 years, with a slight male majority (56.3%) and a mean BMI of 27.9 kg/m2. After a median follow-up of 48 months, all groups showed significant improvement in walking distance, leg pain, and disability. Overall, 75% reported satisfaction with the surgery. However, patients with SPT1, which is characterized by low sacral slope and specific spinal curvatures, experienced significantly less improvement in back pain (p = 0.018) and related disability (p = 0.030), and lower satisfaction compared to other SPT groups (p = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS

The sagittal spinal type is influencing the long-term outcome of patients suffering from symptomatic LSS. Patients with a combination of a flat sacral slope and a low overall lumbar lordosis with a high lordosis in the lower lumbar spine (i.e., spinal SPT1) showed worse outcome concerning back pain and had decreased satisfaction with surgery than comparable subjects from other SPT groups. Consequently, the authors recommend the assessment of sagittal spinal types in patients diagnosed with symptomatic spinal stenosis prior to decompression surgery. Inclusion of SPT in the preoperative consultation process can provide valuable insights, potentially guiding practitioners to more tailored patient counseling.
Fractionated radiotherapy after gross-total resection of spinal chordoma: a systematic review of survival outcomes using individualized patient data
Authors: Gendreau Julian L. , Gowda Kritika , Kazemi Foad , Horowitz Melanie , Shalom Moshe , Kuo Cathleen C. , Mehkri Yusuf , Yan Michael , Redmond Kristin J. , Lubelski Daniel , Mukherjee Debraj
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

Spinal chordoma treatment guidelines recommend resection. However, in patients in whom gross-total resection (GTR) is achieved, the benefits of radiation therapy (RT) are unclear. Therefore, the authors performed a systematic review to determine if RT is associated with postoperative progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) after achieving GTR of spinal chordoma.

METHODS

The PubMed database was searched for studies including individualized data of patients undergoing GTR with or without RT for spinal chordoma. Patients < 18 years of age or those who underwent stereotactic body RT were excluded. Qualitative assessment was performed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale guidelines. Log-rank tests for time-to-event data and a Cox proportional-hazards model were generated for a multivariable statistical model.

RESULTS

Complete data of 132 patients were retrieved, with 37 (28%) patients receiving adjuvant RT and 95 (72%) not receiving adjuvant RT. The mean follow-up was not statistically significantly different between those undergoing RT and not undergoing RT (54.02 months and 65.43 months, respectively). Patients were more likely not to undergo RT if their disease was located in the sacrum versus the mobile spine (p < 0.001). When controlling for age ≥ 65 years, male sex, disease location, and treatment year ≥ 2010, patients undergoing RT had similar PFS and OS when compared with those not undergoing RT on multivariable survival analysis (HR 0.935 [95% CI 0.703–2.340], p = 0.844 and HR 2.078 [95% CI 0.848–5.090], p = 0.110, respectively). However, age ≥ 65 years was associated with poorer OS in adjusted analyses (HR 2.761 [95% CI 1.185–6.432], p = 0.018) relative to patients < 65 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS

After achieving GTR of spinal chordoma, the utility of RT on PFS and OS remains unclear. Age ≥ 65 years appears to be associated with OS in spinal chordoma patients. Additional multicenter prospective studies are needed to determine the utility of RT in this patient population.
Impact of nitrogen and sulphur application on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.)
Authors: K. BALAGANGATHAR , KALAIYARASAN C. , KANDASAMY S. , MADHAVAN S. , JAWAHAR S.
Published: June 2024

The domestic demand for vegetable oils and fats has been rising rapidly, @ 6 per cent per annum, but our domestic output has been increasing at just about 2 per cent per annum. In India, the average yield of most oilseeds is extremely low as compared to other countries of the world. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at an experimental farm, Annamalai University during the Kharif season in 2022 and 2023 to study the effect of nitrogen and sulphur on the growth and yield of groundnut. The experiment consisted of sixteen treatments and was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of Factor A (nitrogen levels): 0, 17, 25, 34 Kg N/ha and Factor B (sulphur levels): 0, 20, 40, 60 Kg S/ha. Among the different nitrogen levels tried, application of 34 kg N/ha registered higher growth and yield attributes and yield of groundnut. Regarding sulphur levels, maximum growth, yield attributes and yield of groundnut were influenced by the application of sulphur @ 60 kg/ha (S4). With respect to various interaction effects, the application of 34 kg N/ha along with 60 kg S/ha has a significant effect on growth and yield attributes which ultimately results in the maximum yield of groundnut.
Tekoälyasenteet ja psykologiset perustarpeet
Authors: Bergdahl Jenna , Savolainen Iina , Oksanen Atte
Published: June 2024

Psykologiset perustarpeet kokea autonomiaa, kykenevyyttä ja yhteenkuuluvuutta ovat yhteydessä asenteisiin tekoälyä kohtaan. Asenteemme tekoälyä kohtaan taas määrittävät hyväksyntäämme ja halukkuuttamme käyttää tekoälyä. Nämä psykologiset tekijät ovat keskeisiä tekoälyistyvässä maailmassa. Psykologisten perustarpeiden huomioiminen voi ohjata, tukea ja kehittää viestinnän ammattilaisen työtä. Viestinnän ammattilainen voi hyödyntää psykologisten perustarpeiden ja tekoälyasenteiden tuntemusta esimerkiksi viestintätyylin ja sisällön suunnittelussa.
Tekoälyn kyvyt ja roolit tekstintuotannossa : käyttäytymistieteellinen tarkastelu kirjoittajan ja vastaanottajan näkökulmasta
Authors: Kauttonen Janne , Suomala Jyrki
Published: June 2024

Generatiivinen tekoäly on jo laajassa käytössä tekstin tuottamisessa, mutta miten tämä vaikuttaa tekstin kirjoittamisprosessiin, tekstin ominaisuuksiin ja lukijan reaktioihin? Pirstaleisessa informaatioympäristössä ihmisiä puhutteleva viestintä on vaikeaa. Jotta ymmärrämme paremmin generoivan tekoälyn vaikutukset viestintäympäristöön, on tärkeää ymmärtää, millaiset tekijät ohjaavat ihmisen informaation prosessointia ja mikä tekee tietyistä sisällöistä vaikuttavampia kuin toisista. Tarkastelemme tekoälyavusteista sisällöntuotantoa käyttäytymistieteen eri näkökulmista. Generoiva tekoäly auttaa viestinnän ammattilaista, mutta voi toisaalta ohjata viestien sisältöä ja tuottaa lukijassa negatiivisia reaktioita. Tekoälyn rooli kannattaa sovittaa sellaiseksi, että se ei korvaa kriittistä ajatustyötä.
Tekoälykäs informaatiovaikuttaminen
Authors: Toivanen Jussi , Niittymaa Jukka , Luoma-aho Vilma
Published: June 2024

Tekoälyteknologioiden nopea kehitys on herättänyt paljon keskustelua niiden vaikutuksista yhteiskuntiin, organisaatioiden toimintaan ja ihmisten arkeen. Tekoälykkään viestinnän aikakausi tuo myös mukanaan uudenlaisia informaatioympäristössä nousevia uhkia. Tässä artikkelissa keskitytään tarkastelemaan, miten tekoäly muuttaa informaatioympäristöämme ja siellä nousevia uhkia. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan myös pimeän suunnittelun ja informaatiovaikuttamisen uudenlaisia keinoja. Tarkoitus on auttaa tunnistamaan, miten tekoälyä voidaan hyödyntää vihamielisessä informaatiovaikuttamisessa. Informaatiovaikuttamisen keinot ovat muuttuneet entistä kohdennetummiksi, henkilökohtaisemmiksi ja sitä kautta tehokkaammiksi. Lopuksi perehdytään siihen, miten viestinnän ammattilaisten ja organisaatioiden tulisi varautua tekoälykkään viestinnän aikakauden uhkiin.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЄКТАМИ НА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РІВНІ
Authors: КOPEНЮК Петро , РОЗДОБУДЬКО Павло
Published: June 2024

Дослідження особливостей управління проєктами на регіональному рівні. В процесі виконання завдань у даній роботі було використано різноманітні методи та підходи. Наприклад, абстрактно-логічний  метод  використовувався для чіткого визначення цілей та завдань дослідження. Аналітико-монографічний підхід застосовувався при аналізі літературних джерел, законодавчих та нормативно-правових актів, що стосуються функціонування проєктів. Стійкість у проєктних операціях, таких як фінансова, соціальна та екологічна стійкість, є одним з найвизначніших питань сучасних часів. Посилена увага на стійкі бізнес-операції змінила точку зору дослідників та корпоративного співтовариства на управління проєктами. Сьогодні стійкість у бізнес-операціях, а також стійкість природних та екологічних ресурсів має першорядне значення, яке ще більше спричинило величезний вплив на формування, планування, та виконання діяльності з управління проєктами. Це дослідження також визначає та обговорює майбутні можливості застосувати обчислювальні процедури з метою оцінки та оптимізації питань стійкості в управлінні проєктами, наприклад стійкості у проєктах, а потім отримання оптимізованих рішень для сформульованої проблеми для досягнення стійкості в проєктах. Також визначається та представлена нова інтегрована рамка з включенням функції зворотного зв'язку для оцінки кожного рішення та дій, що вживаються на стійкість проєктів. Надані у статті рекомендації можуть бути застосовані при створенні умов для сталого розвитку України.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ergonomi dan Sikap Kerja dengan Keluhan Low Back Pain pada Petani Desa Triyagan Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Prastyanto Ari , Reni Vijayati , Heni Hastuti
Published: June 2024

Salah satu risiko pada pekerjaan petani yaitu keluhan muskuloskeletal yang diakibatkan oleh kesalahan sikap kerja, posisi tubuh, repetisi gerakan, serta gerakan statis yang berdurasi lama. Masalah muskuloskeletal merupakan penyebab tertinggi kedua dalam hal kecacatan global. Gangguan muskuloskeletal yang mempengaruhi 80% individu yaitu Low Back Pain. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan ergonomi dan sikap kerja dengan keluhan Low Back Pain. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 57 orang petani di Desa Triyagan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa kuesioner untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ergonomi, sikap kerja, serta keluhan Low Back Pain. Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji Somers’d menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ergonomi dengan keluhan Low Back Pain pada petani Desa Triyagan (p = 0,000; r = -0,409) serta terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap kerja dengan keluhan Low Back Pain pada petani Desa Triyagan (p = 0,001; r = -0,339). Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji regresi ordinal berganda menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara seluruh variabel bebas (pengetahuan ergonomi dan sikap kerja) terhadap variabel terikat (keluhan Low Back Pain). Pengetahuan ergonomi (OR = 0,139) memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sikap kerja (OR = 0,132) terhadap keluhan Low Back Pain pada petani Desa Triyagan. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan ergonomi dan sikap kerja dengan keluhan Low Back Pain pada petani Desa Triyagan.
On the Same Page: Providing Theoretical Context for the Critical List of Variables for Sustaining the Commons
Authors: Mishkin Miramanni
Published: June 2024

Elinor Ostrom pioneered common pool resource management theory. Her work was advanced by other contemporaries in the field. The result was a list of enabling variables for sustaining common pool resource systems. However, the interpretation of the qualifiers for the variables has been somewhat inconsistent among researchers, rendering meta-analysis and cross-case comparisons less robust. As the basis for CPR system theory, the importance of context for consistency becomes more significant with the pressures for effective analyses and subsequent policy— increasing with the impacts of climate change on the world’s CPR systems. This variable context must be preserved in the operationalizing process to ensure more robust comparability in data collection and, ultimately, a more effective evolution of theory. This review paper presents a reference where each variable is discussed in the context of its nascence and application in CPR theory by the researcher who flagged its importance. The goal of providing a reference for the theoretical context for the critical list of variables is to maintain the variables' theoretical integrity. The goal is to enable more informative and robust results in singular and comparative CPR analyses. Additional variables are defined and recommended for inclusion.
Possible Tetraquark Explanation for the J/ψK0S Structure Observed in Proton-Proton Collision Data at Center-of-Mass Energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV
Authors: Bevelacqua Joseph
Published: June 2024

Bevelacqua Resources, 7531 Flint Crossing Circle SE, Owens Cross Roads, AL 35763 USA bevelresou@aol.com

     The LHCb Collaboration provided data that supports a J/ψK0S structure, denoted as Tθψs1(4000)0, using an amplitude analysis of B0 → J/ψϕK0S decay. The structure of the J/ψK0S is investigated using a first-order tetraquark mass formula. This mass relationship is based on weakly bound J/ψ plus K0S meson clusters. The first-order tetraquark mass formula provides a predicted mass of 3694 MeV/c2 that is within about 8% of the experimental value of 3991 MeV/c2 with a Jπ = 1+ prediction. The data does not distinguish between 1+ and 1¯ states.

KEYWORDS: Tetraquark Model for the Tθψs1(4000)0; First-Order Mass Formula; Quark Model; Cluster Model.
The Effect of Coil and Spark Plug Variation on Emission, Power and Torque on Vixion 150
Authors: Satrio Hutomo Jiwo , Pramanda Wibi
Published: June 2024

The development of technology in vehicles continues to be developed to meet human needs and be environmentally friendly. One technology that is still being developed is the use of spark plugs and coils. The function of spark plugs in motorized vehicles is to spark sparks caused by the electric voltage generated by the coil. Various kinds of coil produce different high voltage. This research uses a Yamaha Vixion 150 CC, 1 cylinder, four-stroke motorcycle. The research was conducted by providing spark plug and coil variations including standard U24ESR-N (Denso) spark plugs, 0.4mm Iridium spark plugs, and Brisk Silver spark plugs. Coil variations were also given including 3C1 H2310 spark plugs and Uma Racing spark plugs. The data taken includes a comparison of emissions produced, torque, and power. The highest power at RPM 8500 was generated by the U24ESR-N spark plug (Denso) with the use of the Uma Racing coil type of 8.69 kW. Spark plug and coil variations will also determine torque. The highest test on the use of Uma Racing coil and Brisk Silver spark plug at 6500 RPM engine speed produces a value of 9.35 Nm. The results also show changes in emissions produced such as CO2, CO, HC, and O2 emissions. The use of 0.4mm Iridium spark plugs with 3C1 H2310 coil and Brisk Silver spark plugs with 3C1 H2310 produces high voltage resulting in higher CO and HC gas production
Design and Implementation of Rain Gauge Measurement using Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 (Case Study using Ombrometer Method)
Authors: Simatupang Frengki , Nainggolan Waldo Owen
Published: June 2024

There are several types of rainfall measurement method, such as tipping bucket, siphon, rain water weight and other various methods. This research developed the alternative and affordable method to measure the rain gauge using ultrasonic sensor. The method used to convert the volume of collected rain water to the level of a rain gauge is Ombrometer method. Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 is chosen as a sensor to measure the water level in the collected rain water tank because it categorized as a low-cost sensor. Measuring the level of rainfall using an ultrasonic sensor is influenced by the design of the reservoir tank and also the resolution of the ultrasonic sensor. This research found that the difference the measurement using ultrasonic sensor between ombrometer formula is sufficiently linear with the difference average at 32.63%. The lookup table method is implemented to linearize the measurement based on the ombrometer value method. By using the linearized value, the design is capable to measure light rain category because the design has the sensitivity/resolution measurement of rain gauge on 0.48 mm. This research also found that the average value of the measurement using the ultrasonic sensor for each measured volume water injected to the tank using this design and use this value as a trigger to send the actual measurement result to the users. All parameters from this system are sent using Wi-Fi connectivity to the server and can be monitored using Online Web Dashboard.