bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secular Orbital Dynamics of the Possibly Habitable Planet K2-18 b with and without the Proposed Inner Companion
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Goldin Alexey
Published: October 2023

The transiting planet K2-18 b is one of the best candidates for a relatively nearby world harboring biological life. The long-term orbital evolution of this planet is investigated using theoretical and purely numerical techniques for two possible configurations: A single planet orbiting the host star, and a two-planet system including the proposed inner planet close to the 4:1 mean motion rationalization. The emphasis is made on the secular changes of eccentricity and orbital inclination, which are important for the climate stability of the planet. It is demonstrated that the secular orbital dynamics of planet K2-18 b with an internal companion are accurately represented by the periodic eccentricity and inclination exchange on the time scales of a few Kyr. A single planet is not expected to experience fast orbital changes, with the much weaker tidal and rotation-driven perturbations mostly reflecting in a slow periastron and nodal precession. The tidal decay of the orbit is too insignificant on the time scale of the stellar age. However, the conditions for the habitability of a single K2-18 b planet are much improved if, like the Earth, it rotates faster than the mean motion and its rotation angle is tilted by a hypothetical moon. Milanković’s cycles of the habitable planet’s climate are discussed for both configurations.
Possible Wormholes in a Friedmann Universe
Authors: Bronnikov Kirill A. , Kashargin Pavel E. , Sushkov Sergey V.
Published: October 2023

We study the properties of evolving wormholes able to exist in a closed Friedmann dust-filled universe and described by a particular branch of the well-known Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi solution to the Einstein equations and its generalization with a nonzero cosmological constant and an electromagnetic field. Most of the results are obtained with pure dust solutions. It is shown, in particular, that the lifetime of wormhole throats is much shorter than that of the whole wormhole region in the universe (which coincides with the lifetime of the universe as a whole), and that the density of matter near the boundary of the wormhole region is a few times smaller than the mean density of matter in the universe. Explicit examples of wormhole solutions and the corresponding numerical estimates are presented. The traversability of the wormhole under study is shown by a numerical analysis of radial null geodesics.
Element Abundances in Impulsive Solar Energetic-Particle Events
Authors: Reames Donald V.
Published: October 2023

Impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events were first distinguished as the streaming electrons that produce type III radio bursts as distinct from shock-induced type II bursts. They were then observed as the surprisingly enhanced 3He-rich SEP events, which were also found to have element enhancements rising smoothly with the mass-to-charge ratio A/Q through the elements, even up to Pb. These impulsive SEPs have been found to originate during magnetic reconnection in solar jets where open magnetic field lines allow energetic particles to escape. In contrast, impulsive solar flares are produced when similar reconnection involves closed field lines where energetic ions are trapped on closed loops and dissipate their energy as X-rays, γ-rays, and heat. Abundance enhancements that are power laws in A/Q can be used to determine Q values and hence the coronal source temperature in the events. Results show no evidence of heating, implying reconnection and ion acceleration occur early, rapidly, and at low density. Proton and He excesses that contribute their own power law may identify events with reacceleration of SEPs by shock waves driven by accompanying fast, narrow coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in many of the stronger jets.
Analyses of S Protein Homology Using the Genomes of SARS-CoV-2 Specimens Unveil Missing Links in the Temporal Order of Mutations in Its Variants
Authors: Kitayama Ruri , Ogata Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the evolutionary traits of its variants have been revealed. However, the temporal order of the majority of mutations harbored by variants after the closest ancestors (or precursors), as “missing links”, remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to unveil such missing links based on analyses of S protein homology by focusing on specimens with incomplete sets of S protein mutations in a variant. (2) Methods: Prevariant and postvariant mutations were defined as those before and after the variant’s development, respectively. A total of 6,758,926 and 14,519,521 genomes were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the GISAID initiative, respectively, and S protein mutations were detected based on BLASTN analyses. (3) Results: The temporal order of prevariant mutations harbored by 12 variants was deduced. In particular, the D950N mutation in the Mu variant shows V-shaped mutation transitions, in which multiple routes of evolution were combined and resulted in the formation of a V-shaped transition, indicating recombination. (4) Conclusions: Many genome data for SARS-CoV-2 unveiled the candidate precursors of Mu variant based on a data-driven approach to its prevariant mutations in each nation.
COVID-19 Antibody Seroconversion in Cancer Patients: Impact of Therapy Cessation—A Single-Center Study
Authors: Souan Lina , Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Nashwan Sura , Al Badr Sara , Alrabi Kamal , Sughayer Maher A.
Published: October 2023

Background: The effective development of COVID-19 vaccination has mitigated its harm. Using two laboratory methods, we investigated the efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA and BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccines on seroconversion rates in cancer patients undergoing active cancer treatment. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were scheduled for 134 individuals. The consenting participants submitted three venous blood samples. Three samples: T0, T1, and T2. The ABBOTT-SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant and Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays were used to evaluate the samples and convert the antibody titers to WHO (BAU)/mL units. Results: Cancer patients exhibited a higher seroconversion rate at T2, regardless of vaccination type, and the mean antibody titers at T1 and T2 were higher than those at T0. BBIBP-CorV patients required a booster because BNT162b2 showed a higher seroconversion rate between T0 and T1. Statistics indicate that comparing Abbott and Roche quantitative antibody results without considering the sample collection time is inaccurate. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccines can still induce a humoral immune response in patients undergoing cancer-targeted therapy. The strength of this study is the long-term monitoring of antibody levels after vaccination in cancer patients on active therapy using two different immunoassays. Further multicenter studies with a larger number of patients are required to validate these findings.
Characteristics of Persistent Symptoms Manifested after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: An Observational Retrospective Study in a Specialized Clinic for Vaccination-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Tokumasu Kazuki , Fujita-Yamashita Manami , Sunada Naruhiko , Sakurada Yasue , Yamamoto Koichiro , Nakano Yasuhiro , Matsuda Yui , Otsuka Yuki , Hasegawa Toru , Hagiya Hideharu , Honda Hiroyuki , Otsuka Fumio
Published: October 2023

Background: Although many adverse reactions after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have been reported, there have been few comprehensive studies on persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with various persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed for patients who visited a specialized clinic established at Okayama University Hospital to evaluate adverse events after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during the period from April 2021 to March 2023. Results: Descriptive analysis was performed for 121 of 127 patients who visited the clinic during the study period, and separate analysis was performed for the other 6 patients who had serious complications, who required treatment with prednisolone, and who had persistent symptoms. The median [interquartile range] age of the patients was 48 years [31–64 years], and the patients included 44 males (36.4%) and 77 females (63.6%). The most frequent symptoms were sensory impairment (34 patients, 28.1%), general fatigue (30 patients, 24.8%), fever/low-grade fever (21 patients, 17.4%), and headache (21 patients, 17.4%). Serious complications included myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), sarcoidosis, aseptic meningitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs), tendon adhesions, and idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: Although causal relationships were not determined, 15 persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were characterized. All of the symptoms had onset from 12 hours to one week after vaccination, with 10 symptoms persisting for 6 months or longer. The most frequent symptom was sensory impairment.
In Vivo Treatment with Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Reduces CCR5 Expression on Vaccine-Induced Activated CD4+ T-Cells
Authors: Bissa Massimiliano , Galli Veronica , Schifanella Luca , Vaccari Monica , Rahman Mohammad Arif , Gorini Giacomo , Binello Nicolò , Sarkis Sarkis , Gutowska Anna , Silva de Castro Isabela , Doster Melvin N. , Moles Ramona , Ferrari Guido , Shen Xiaoying , Tomaras Georgia D. , Montefiori David C. , N’guessan Kombo F. , Paquin-Proulx Dominic , Kozlowski Pamela A. , Venzon David J. , Choo-Wosoba Hyoyoung , Breed Matthew W. , Kramer Joshua , Franchini Genoveffa
Published: October 2023

At the heart of the DNA/ALVAC/gp120/alum vaccine’s efficacy in the absence of neutralizing antibodies is a delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses that effectively decreases the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition in macaques. Vaccine efficacy is linked to antibodies recognizing the V2 helical conformation, DC-10 tolerogenic dendritic cells eliciting the clearance of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis, and CCR5 downregulation on vaccine-induced gut homing CD4+ cells. RAS activation is also linked to vaccine efficacy, which prompted the testing of IGF-1, a potent inducer of RAS activation with vaccination. We found that IGF-1 changed the hierarchy of V1/V2 epitope recognition and decreased both ADCC specific for helical V2 and efferocytosis. Remarkably, IGF-1 also reduced the expression of CCR5 on vaccine-induced CD4+ gut-homing T-cells, compensating for its negative effect on ADCC and efferocytosis and resulting in equivalent vaccine efficacy (71% with IGF-1 and 69% without).
Vaccination with an HIV T-Cell Immunogen (HTI) Using DNA Primes Followed by a ChAdOx1-MVA Boost Is Immunogenic in Gut Microbiota-Depleted Mice despite Low IL-22 Serum Levels
Authors: Elizalde-Torrent Aleix , Borgognone Alessandra , Casadellà Maria , Romero-Martin Luis , Escribà Tuixent , Parera Mariona , Rosales-Salgado Yaiza , Díaz-Pedroza Jorge , Català-Moll Francesc , Noguera-Julian Marc , Brander Christian , Paredes Roger , Olvera Alex
Published: October 2023

Despite the important role of gut microbiota in the maturation of the immune system, little is known about its impact on the development of T-cell responses to vaccination. Here, we immunized C57BL/6 mice with a prime-boost regimen using DNA plasmid, the Chimpanzee Adenovirus, and the modified Vaccinia Ankara virus expressing a candidate HIV T-cell immunogen and compared the T-cell responses between individuals with an intact or antibiotic-depleted microbiota. Overall, the depletion of the gut microbiota did not result in significant differences in the magnitude or breadth of the immunogen-specific IFNγ T-cell response after vaccination. However, we observed marked changes in the serum levels of four cytokines after vaccinating microbiota-depleted animals, particularly a significant reduction in IL-22 levels. Interestingly, the level of IL-22 in serum correlated with the abundance of Roseburia in the large intestine of mice in the mock and vaccinated groups with intact microbiota. This short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacterium was significantly reduced in the vaccinated, microbiota-depleted group. Therefore, our results indicate that, although microbiota depletion reduces serum levels of IL-22, the powerful vaccine regime used could have overcome the impact of microbiota depletion on IFNγ-producing T-cell responses.
Molecular Survey of Rickettsia raoultii in Ticks Infesting Livestock from Pakistan with Notes on Pathogen Distribution in Palearctic and Oriental Regions
Authors: Shehla Shehla , Almutairi Mashal M. , Alouffi Abdulaziz , Tanaka Tetsuya , Chang Shun-Chung , Chen Chien-Chin , Ali Abid
Published: October 2023

Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit different pathogens such as Rickettsia spp. to domestic and wild animals as well as humans. Genetic characterizations of Rickettsia spp. from different regions of Pakistan are mostly based on one or two genetic markers and are confined to small sampling areas and limited host ranges. Therefore, this study aimed to molecularly screen and genetically characterize Rickettsia spp. in various tick species infesting camels, sheep, and goats. All the collected tick specimens were morphologically identified, and randomly selected tick species (148) were screened molecularly for the detection of Rickettsia spp. by amplifying three rickettsial DNA fragments, namely, the citrate-synthase gene (gltA), outer-membrane protein A (ompA), and outer-membrane protein B (ompB). After examining 261 hosts, 161 (61.7%) hosts were found infested by 564 ticks, including 287 (50.9%) nymphs, 171 (30.3%) females, and 106 (18.8%) males in five districts (Kohat, Dera Ismail Khan, Lower Dir, Bajaur, and Mansehra). The highest occurrence was noted for Hyalomma dromedarii (number = 72, 12.8%), followed by Haemaphysalis sulcata (n = 70, 12.4%), Rhipicephalus turanicus (n = 64, 11.3%), Rhipicephalus microplus (n = 55, 9.7%), Haemaphysalis cornupunctata (n = 49, 8.7%), Hyalomma turanicum (n = 48, 8.5%), Hyalomma isaaci (n = 45, 8.0%), Haemaphysalis montgomeryi (n = 44, 7.8%), Hyalomma anatolicum (n = 42, 7.5%), Haemaphysalis bispinosa (n = 38, 6.7%), and Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (n = 37, 6.6%). A subset of 148 ticks were tested, in which eight (5.4%) ticks, including four Hy. turanicum, two Ha. cornupunctata, one Ha. montgomeryi, and one Ha. bispinosa, were found positive for Rickettsia sp. The gltA, ompA, and ompB sequences revealed 100% identity and were phylogenetically clustered with Rickettsia raoultii reported in China, Russia, USA, Turkey, Denmark, Austria, Italy, and France. Additionally, various reports on R. raoultii from Palearctic and Oriental regions were summarized in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of R. raoultii from Pakistan. Further studies to investigate the association between Rickettsia spp. and ticks should be encouraged to apprise effective management of zoonotic consequences.
Theileria orientalis Ikeda in Cattle, Alabama, USA
Authors: Iduu Nneka , Barua Subarna , Falkenberg Shollie , Armstrong Chance , Stockler Jenna Workman , Moye Annie , Walz Paul H. , Wang Chengming
Published: October 2023

Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype, a parasite causing a disease in cattle that leads to significant economic challenges in Asia, New Zealand, and Australia, has been identified in seven U.S. States since 2017. Two previously validated PCR tests for Theileria followed by DNA sequencing were performed to test blood samples collected from 219 cattle in Alabama, USA, during the period of 2022–2023. Bidirectional Sanger sequencing revealed that the MPSP gene sequences (639–660 bp) from two cattle in Lee and Mobile Counties of Alabama exhibited a 100% match with those of recognized T. orientalis Ikeda strains, and showed similarities ranging from 76% to 88% with ten other T. orientalis genotypes. A high copy number of T. orientalis Ikeda was detected in the blood of infected cattle (ALP-1: 1.7 × 105 and 1.3 × 106/mL whole blood, six months apart; ALP-2: 7.1 × 106/mL whole blood). Although the confirmed competent vector for T. orientalis Ikeda, Haemaphysalis longicornis tick, has not yet been identified in Alabama, the persistent nature of T. orientalis Ikeda infection and the detection of a high pathogen burden in seemingly healthy cattle in this study suggest that other tick species, as well as shared needles and dehorning procedures, could facilitate pathogen transmission within the herd. Continued investigations are necessary for the surveillance of T. orientalis Ikeda and Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in Alabama and other U.S. states, along with assessing the pathogenicity of T. orientalis Ikeda infections in cattle.
Microbiological indicators of the quality of cyprinid fish of the Volga-Caspian region
Authors:   Volga-Caspian branch of the VNIRO (“CaspNIRKH”), Russia, Astrakhan, Menkova A.V. , Dyakova S.A. ,   Volga-Caspian branch of the VNIRO (“CaspNIRKH”), Russia, Astrakhan, Kiriukhina E.R. ,   Volga-Caspian branch of the VNIRO (“CaspNIRKH”), Russia, Astrakhan
Published: October 2023

The intensive development of industrial and amateur fishing, due to the expansion of the range of fish products, as well as the problem of ensuring the safety of fish raw materials, determined the relevance of studying the quality of aquaticbiological resources, including microbiological criteria. Samples of muscle tissue of bream, roach, rudd, gaster and carp caught in the river zone in the periods 2010–2014 and 2020–2022, as well as bream and roach in the marine zone in similar periods, served as the material for determining microbiological quality indicators. The quality assessment of the examined fish according to microbiological criteria was carried out in accordance with regulatory documents. In the lower reaches of the Volga River, bacterial contamination of muscle tissue of freshly caught mature carp fish varied within 0.07±0.01–2.42±0.40 thousand. CFU/g. The number of bacteria in the muscles of frozen fish varied from 0.24±0.05–9.34± 0.20 thousand. CFU/g. In the northern part of the Caspian Sea, bacterial contamination of the muscle tissue of freshly caught cyprinid fish varied in the range of 0.14±0.02–4.08±0.84 thousand. CFU/g. The number of bacteria in the muscles of frozen fish varied from 0.13±0.03–5.13±0.65 thousand. CFU/g. Indicator microorganisms (BGCP, staphylococci, salmonella, listeria and parahemolytic vibrions) were absent in the maximum permissible mass of muscle tissue, which, against the background of a low total number of microorganisms, confirmed the satisfactory quality of mature individuals of the surveyed commercial fish species. These species could be used for food without restrictions, with appropriate processing in compliance with the necessary rules and regulations.
Patients’ and GPs’ views and expectations of home monitoring with a pulse oximeter: a mixed-methods process evaluation of a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Smit Karin , Venekamp Roderick P , Geersing Geert-Jan , Rutten Frans H , Schoonhoven Lisette , Zwart Dorien LM
Published: October 2023

Background

Research on how home monitoring with a pulse oximeter is executed and experienced by patients with an acute illness such as COVID-19 and their GPs is scarce.

Aim

To examine the process of structured home monitoring with a pulse oximeter for patients with COVID-19, their caregivers, and their GPs.

Design and setting

This was a mixed-method process evaluation alongside a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial. Patients drawn from a general practice setting, with COVID-19, and aged ≥40 years with cardiovascular comorbidities were included.

Method

Quantitative trial data from 21 intervention group participants (age 63.2 years) were used, plus qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 15 patients (age 62.9 years), eight informal caregivers, and 10 GPs.

Results

Adherence to the intervention was very high; 97.6% of protocolised peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements in the first 14 days until admission to hospital were recorded (677/694, median daily per patient 2.7). Three identified themes from the interviews were: (a) user-friendliness of home monitoring: easy use of the pulse oximeter and patient preference of a three times daily measurement scheme; (b) patient empowerment: pulse oximeter use enhanced patient self-assurance and empowered patients and informal caregivers in disease management; and (c) added value to current clinical decision making. GPs perceived the pulse oximeter as a useful diagnostic tool and did not experience any additional workload. They felt more secure with remote monitoring with a pulse oximeter than only phone-based monitoring, but emphasised the need to keep an overall view on the patient’s condition.

Conclusion

Structured home monitoring by pulse oximetry supports patients and their informal caregivers in managing, and GPs in monitoring, acute COVID-19 disease. It appears suitable for use in acutely ill patients in general practice.
A paradox of problems in accessing general practice: a qualitative participatory case study
Authors: Voorhees Jennifer , Bailey Simon , Waterman Heather , Checkland Kath
Published: October 2023

Background

Despite longstanding problems of access to general practice, attempts to understand and address the issues do not adequately include perspectives of the people providing or using care, nor do they use established theories of access to understand complexity.

Aim

To understand problems of access to general practice from the multiple perspectives of service users and staff using an applied theory of access.

Design and setting

A qualitative participatory case study in an area of northwest England.

Method

A community-based participatory approach was used with qualitative interviews, focus groups, and observation to understand perspectives about accessing general practice. Data were collected between October 2015 and October 2016. Inductive and abductive analysis, informed by Levesqueet al’s theory of access, allowed the team to identify complexities and relationships between interrelated problems.

Results

This study presents a paradox of problems in accessing general practice, in which the demand on general practice both creates and hides unmet need in the population. Data show how reactive rules to control demand have undermined important aspects of care, such as continuity. The layers of rules and decreased continuity create extra work for practice staff, clinicians, and patients. Complicated rules, combined with a lack of capacity to reach out or be flexible, leave many patients, including those with complex and/or unrecognised health needs, unable to navigate the system to access care. This relationship between demand and unmet need exacerbates existing health inequities.

Conclusion

Understanding the paradox of access problems allows for different targets for change and different solutions to free up capacity in general practice to address the unmet need in the population.
Dynamic In Silico Model of Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin Combined With Exercise: A Sobol Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Joshi Darshna M.
Published: October 2023

Background: The widespread adoption of a sedentary lifestyle characterized by the consumption of a high-energy diet combined with a lack of physical activity has resulted in a rise in the prevalence of metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes (T2D) globally. The data published by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) every year catches the attention of the world. Insulin resistance results in the dysregulation of the control mechanism that leads to T2D. In addition to metformin as a globally prescribed drug, physical exercise is recommended for the treatment of T2D as an alternative therapy. In today’s systems biology era, sensitivity analysis plays a major role in providing deeper insights into the metabolic insulin signalling pathways (ISPs). Methods: Here, the complex in silico dynamic model of the effect of alternative therapies on T2D was examined. In order to obtain more quantitative information about the signal transduction network of the ISPs and their interaction, a global sensitivity analysis of the in silico model was carried out using the MATLAB tool. Results: This study sheds light on the effect of parameter perturbation on the ISP via GLUT4 translocation in T2D patients performing physical exercise and using metformin. It also allows for the selection of a variety of parameters for in vivo or in vitro studies in the future on the basis of the impact of parameter variations on each component of the pathway. Conclusion: The Sobol index for each condition was noted after introducing perturbations in the most sensitive parameters. These results can provide experimental guidance on how the variations in model inputs have affected the model outputs.
Burnout and professional commitment in medical faculty students in Türkiye: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Özbek Güven Gamze , İnceoğlu Feyza , Özdemir Furkan , Bakır Osman Sinan
Published: October 2023

Background: Burnout is a stress-related syndrome that affects medical students. Certain environmental and personal factors can contribute to the onset of burnout and lead to serious consequences such as dropping out of school, sleep disorders, depression, and even suicide. Professional commitment is a personal characteristic that positively influences burnout. Methods: This research was conducted to determine the differentiation of burnout levels among medical school students based on certain variables and examine the impact of professional commitment on burnout. The research sample consisted of a total of 130 individuals studying of Medical Faculty in Türkiye. Descriptive and correlational research techniques, including survey models, were utilized in the study. Data were collected through online platforms and face-to-face surveys. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The research findings revealed that male students had higher depersonalization scores than female students (P<0.05). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores were found to be higher among students with poor academic performance (P<0.017), those who did not choose medical school willingly (P<0.017), and those who chose medical school due to family pressure (P<0.05). Among female students, those who chose medical school willingly and those who chose it as their dream profession had higher scores of professional commitment. As professional commitment scores increased, burnout scale scores and their subscales, including exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate a relationship between professional commitment and burnout, suggesting that professional commitment can reduce burnout levels. This highlights the importance of increasing the level of professional commitment among medical students, who are future physicians. Strengthening students’ commitment to their profession can decrease the risk of burnout and improve the quality of healthcare services.
Endemik iki Barbarea (brassicaceae) türünün [Barbarea anfractuosa (Hartvig & Strid.) Y. Bağcı ve Savran ve Barbarea duralii Y. Bağcı & Savran] anatomik ve morfolojik karakterlerinin analizi
Authors: BAĞCI Yavuz , BAŞKÖSE İsa , SAVRAN Ahmet
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışma, "Türkiye Barbarea R. Br. (Brassicaceae) Cinsinin Revizyonu" adlı proje kapsamında yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Barbarea (Brassicaceae) cinsine ait Barbarea duralii ve Barbarea anfractuosa türlerinin anatomik ve morfolojik karakterleri analiz edilmiştir. Morfoloji çalışmalarında, her iki türün taksonomik değere sahip olan gövde, yaprak, çiçek ve meyve karakteristikleri ölçülmüş ve detaylı betimleri hazırlanmıştır. Bu iki türün anatomik incelemeleri için kök, gövde ve yapraklardan mikrotom veya el ile kesitler alınmıştır. Kesitler daimi preparat haline getirilerek binokuler ışık mikroskopu altında incelenmiştir. Daha sonra, entegre kamera sistemi ile kesitlerin fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Her iki türün morfolojik ve anatomik özellikleri, benzerlik ve farklılıklarına göre detaylı olarak tartışılmıştır.
The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Coastal Ecosystems
Authors: Santojanni Fourqurean Beatley , Miner Howe , Hain Hain , Sutton Graham
Published: October 2023

Climate change represents one of the most pressing challenges of our time, with far-reaching consequences for ecosystems worldwide. Coastal ecosystems, in particular, stand at the forefront of this crisis, bearing the brunt of rising temperatures, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events. This research delves into the intricate relationship between climate change and the biodiversity of coastal ecosystems, aiming to elucidate the extent of the impact and the pathways through which it manifests. Through a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses extensive field surveys, rigorous laboratory analyses, climate modeling, and geospatial mapping, this study paints a comprehensive picture of the vulnerabilities and adaptations of coastal ecosystems to a changing climate. Key findings include shifts in species distribution, alterations in community structures, and heightened risks to species and habitats that are highly specialized and reliant on stable coastal environments. The research identifies specific climate change impact zones, which serve as focal points for conservation efforts, mitigation strategies, and adaptive management. These zones are not only ecologically significant but also socioeconomically vital, as they support coastal communities dependent on these ecosystems for their livelihoods and sustenance. This study underscores the urgency of international collaboration to combat climate change and preserve coastal biodiversity. It advocates for policy initiatives that prioritize emissions reduction, resilient coastal infrastructure, and the expansion of marine protected areas. Additionally, it emphasizes the integration of local knowledge and community engagement in conservation and adaptation planning. Ultimately, this research offers a profound insight into the complex web of life that thrives within coastal ecosystems and the imperative of their protection. Coastal ecosystems are more than biodiversity hotspots; they are essential providers of ecosystem services that underpin human well-being. Preserving their integrity is not just an ecological imperative but a moral one, as they are a critical component of our planet's natural heritage. In conclusion, this research not only contributes to the scientific understanding of climate change impacts on coastal ecosystems but also calls for immediate and concerted action. By heeding the lessons learned in this study, we can work together to mitigate climate change, adapt to its inevitable consequences, and safeguard the rich tapestry of life that depends on these coastal environments.
Artifact side peaks in saturated absorption spectroscopy caused by inappropriate lock-in amplification
Authors: Matsuoka Leo
Published: October 2023

Saturated absorption spectroscopy is a powerful technique that provides valuable information about gas-phase atomic targets, including not only the precise positions of transitions but also the effects of velocity-changing collisions, which manifest as changes in the shape of the peaks. However, using a lock-in amplifier inappropriately can generate artifact side peaks, potentially leading to a misinterpretation of results. To investigate the emergence of these artifacts, we conducted numerical calculations based on the basic Lambert–Beer’s law. Our model reproduced the artifact side peaks and revealed that these artifacts become more significant as the transmittance of the probe laser decreases.
Cu2ZnSnS4 formation by laser annealing in controlled atmosphere
Authors: Shimamune Yosuke , Nagumo Reiya , Jimbo Kazuo
Published: October 2023

Laser annealing is an attractive process to form high-quality semiconductor films because of localized annealing area and short annealing time. In a previous study, a Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) polycrystalline semiconductor film was realized using laser annealing in air as a light absorption layer for solar cells, although the crystallization was not sufficient in comparison with CZTS formed by the conventional thermal sulfurization process. In this study, we demonstrate a newly developed gas-atmosphere-controlled laser annealing system. A Cu–Zn–Sn–S-based precursor was formed, followed by laser annealing of the system. Laser annealing in air, Ar, and 5% H2S/Ar gas was performed to investigate the influence of the gas species on the crystallization of the precursor. A 5% H2S/Ar atmosphere promoted the crystallization of CZTS with the suppression of S desorption and Cu sulfide formation, while air and Ar atmospheres allowed the formation of Cu sulfide.
Effect of ytterbium on hardness and color of titanium nitride thin films
Authors: Bin Onn Khairul Abrar , Sawaya Shu , Suzuki Tsuneo
Published: October 2023

Yb mononitride (YbN) has a B1 (NaCl-type) structure similar to the structure of titanium nitride (TiN), which makes it a candidate for use in new hard coating materials via solid-solution hardening. Ternary system (Ti–Yb–N) thin films with various Yb contents were prepared on Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition, and compositional analysis confirmed that the resultant films contained the expected elements. Phase identification revealed that the ternary nitride (Ti1−x
Yb
x
)N thin films were all single-phase thin films that comprised YbN in TiN as a solid solution in the form of a B1- (Ti1−x
Yb
x
)N phase. Although the hardness of the Ti–Yb–N thin films could be increased to a certain degree compared with that of a pure TiN thin film, the improvement was not significant. A change in the optical properties of the (Ti1−x
Yb
x
)N thin films was indicated by a change in their color from gold to copper to silver with increasing x. This effect could make such thin films suitable for use as decorative coatings that are resistant to oxidation.
Numerical calculation of thermoreflectance coefficient of c-Si for wavelengths of 200–800 nm and temperatures of 300–500 K
Authors: Shimofuri Masaki , Murakami Taichi , Miyake Shugo , Banerjee Amit , Hirotani Jun , Tsuchiya Toshiyuki
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the thermoreflectance (TR) coefficient of c-Si is numerically calculated over the wavelength range of 200–800 nm and the temperature range of 300–500 K using a complex permittivity model that considers interband transitions and free carriers. The calculated results are in good agreement with literature values, and it is found that the temperature dependence of the TR coefficient is almost negligible at wavelengths above 500 nm. On the other hand, in the wavelength range of 200–500 nm, the TR coefficient depends strongly on the wavelength, and the temperature stability also changes significantly depending on the wavelength. This suggests that the wavelength of the probe light for TR measurement should be appropriately selected to realize high sensitivity and temperature stability, considering the constraints of the optical system and the temperature range of the sample.
Demonstration of multi-active region p-down green LEDs with high quantum efficiency
Authors: Rahman Sheikh Ifatur , Armitage Robert , Rajan Siddharth
Published: October 2023

Longer wavelength emitters such as green LEDs display a pronounced efficiency drop at higher current densities, resulting in relatively low wall-plug efficiency (WPE). Multi-active region approach can improve the WPE significantly and tackle the “green gap” challenge. This work reports multi-active region p-down LEDs with high external efficiency operating entirely in the green wavelength. Devices were developed using p-down topology, where the PN junction is oriented such that electric fields from depletion and built-in polarization dipoles are aligned. Ga-polar multi-active region green LEDs with excellent voltage and external quantum efficiency scaling, and significantly higher WPE is demonstrated in this work.
Dimensions of the Interrelationship Between Poverty and Financial Corruption and Their Impact on Sustainable Economic Development in Iraq for The Period 2005-2019
Authors: Nussaif Mohammad Ghazi
Published: October 2023

Financial corruption is a global concern, especially in developing countries, an obstacle to sustainable development, and an obstacle to poverty eradication. This study examines the relationship between financial corruption and poverty, and attempts to follow up its effects on some indicators of sustainable development in Iraq. This study aims to; Explore and clarify the relationship between corruption and poverty. The economic analysis of the study indicated that there is a link between the variables that form this relationship. The basic hypothesis of this study is: ‘There is a strong and positive relationship between the spread of financial and administrative corruption and the increase in poverty levels in Iraq." This study indicates some conclusions and recommendations in order to develop policies against financial crimes.
Coexistence of Neonatal Bartter Syndrome and Congenital Cutis Laxa, in which a new mutation in SLC12A1 was identified
Authors: İşleyen Fatih , Ulubaş Işık Dilek , Kavurt Ayşen Sumru , Bayram Arslan , Baş Ahmet Yağmur , Demirel Nihal
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Neonatal Bartter Syndrome (NBS) is an extremely rare congenital chronic renal tubular transport disorder characterized by preterm birth, polyhydramnios, polyuria, salt wasting, and severe dehydration. Congenital Cutis Laxa (CCL) is a rare disease characterized by loss of skin flexibility and laxity, and atypical facial appearance.

Case Presentation: A 1290-gram female baby at 30+6 weeks of gestation was hospitalized due to premature birth and respiratory distress.  During physical examination, an atypical facial appearance, wrinkles on the forehead, skin laxity, and philtrum were visible as well as a small chin and arachnodactyly in the fingers and toes.   The patient displayed metabolic alkalosis in her blood gases. The patient, with an atypical face and current findings submitted her exome for genetic diagnosis. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of homozygous NM_001184832.2:c.2485+5G>A (rs749269268) in SLC12A1, and NBS Type 1 was diagnosed. A novel heterozygous NM_000501.4:c.352G>T, p.Val118Phe (rs781922544) variant was detected in ELN, and CCL syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance was diagnosed.

Conclusions: The rare co-occurrence of NBS and CCL syndrome in our patient was seen as a mere coincidence. Since this is the first reported case in the literature, it was deemed appropriate to present this case.
Mortality Attributed to Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders: A Five-years Comprehensive Review from Turkey
Authors: Hayretdağ Ceyda
Published: October 2023

Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of deaths related to central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS, respectively) disorders in Turkey over a 5-year period. The objective is to identify patterns in mortality rates, investigate regional prevalence, and analyze demographic factors contributing to fatal outcomes. Additionally, we aim to critique existing data collection methodologies.
Materials and Methods: Utilizing cross-sectional analysis, data were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). Mortality rates were calculated using population estimates from the TUIK, with age- and sex-specific rates, and age-standardized rates (ASRs) derived from the world standard population. Causes of death were classified according to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10).
Results: The data revealed distinct patterns in mortality rates for CNS and PNS disorders from 2018 to 2022, with significant variations between male and female populations. A prominent upward trend in deaths attributed to CNS and PNS diseases was observed after 2018, despite a decline in the population growth rate. The highest mortality rates were particularly notable in 2020 and 2021.
Conclusion: This study identified a significant increase in deaths related to CNS and PNS disorders amid the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. A potential correlation between COVID-19 and the prevalence of neurological disorders has been suggested. With potential underdiagnosis due to the absence of routine post-mortem diagnostic autopsies, this study underscores the need for improved diagnostic capabilities and medical practices.
EXTRACTION OF MEDIUM-HEAVY REE GROUP WITH AN EXTRACTANT BASED ON CYANEX 272 AND P507
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Yakimenko Ilya A. , Sidorov Bogdan A. ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Afonin Mikhail A. ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology
Published: October 2023

Distribution coefficients and separation factors of rare earth elements (REE) were determined during extraction with an extractant based on Cyanex 272 and P507 in a diluent of 15% isooctanol in isopar L. Aqueous solutions of medium-heavy lanthanide chlorides were studied at their concentration in a solution of 0.05-0.9 g/dm3. A series of experiments were carried out with the concentration of the extractant in a diluent of 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%. Based on the data obtained, extraction isotherms were constructed, as well as graphical dependences of the distribution coefficients and separation factors
INFLUENCE OF POLYMER SOLUTION PROPERTIES ON THE ELECTROACTIVE BEHAVIOR OF NONWOVEN MATERIALS
Authors:   ITMO University, Olvera Bernal Rigel Antonio , Olekhnovich Roman O. ,   ITMO University, Uspenskaya Mayya V. ,   ITMO University
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different acetic acid concentration used in the chitosan/PVA solutions, had on the electroactive response of fibers. Chitosan/PVA fibers were obtained by electrospinning process. The diameters of the electrospun fibers increased as the concentration of acetic acid was higher in solutions. The electroactive properties of the fibers were tested on an electrochemical cell at different pH. The proportion of free amino present of the obtained fibers was determined by deconvoluting the FTIR spectra. Fibers obtained from chitosan/PVA solutions with 10 % of acetic acid had an average diameter of 465 nm, while fiber obtained from solution with 80% acetic acid had an average diameter of 987 nm. The proportion of free amino observed from the deconvolution results was proportionally to the electroactive properties of the material. Fibers obtained from solution containing 30% acetic acid exhibited the fastest speed displacement (2.05 mm s-1), from the deconvolution of its spectra was observed that the proportion of free amino (8.71%) was the highest from all samples
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF PYROCARBON COATINGS ON POWDERS IN A FLUIDIZED BED. I. APPARATUS, FLUIDIZATION
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Abyzov Andrey M.
Published: October 2023

A laboratory setup for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at reduced pressure on powder of medium particle size in a fluidized bed (reactor load of 50 g of substrate) was described. Calculations of critical points for the onset of fluidization and entrainment of particles for various gases (Ar, C3H8, C4H10) at a temperature of 20–1000 °C under low vacuum (pressure of 5 kPa) were performed. Model experiments were carried out on the fluidization of corundum powder (granularity of ~300 μm) in an argon flow, as well as in the propane-butane mixture in the absence of CVD. The dependences of the hydrodynamic mode of fluidization on the nature of fluidizing gas, temperature and pressure were analyzed, which make it possible to plan the process of coating deposition itself.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLE TO ASSESS THE WATER QUALITY IN AQUACULTURE AREA
Authors: Abdul Rahim Muhamad Najih , Awg Hamid Dayang Tiawa , Muhamad Said Mohd Farid , Jamaludin Mohd Najeb , Rozalan Hanif Hafizin
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Aquaculture has been recognized as a sector that can assist to diversify the Brunei economy from relying on the oil and gas industry. Previous research has indicated that water quality in aquaculture settings is a major limiting factor; thus, it is important to examine and determine the influencing elements that would harm them. However, traditional methods of assessing water quality are unsafe, expensive, labor-intensive; and the sampling measurements may not represent the overall aquaculture areas. Thus, alternative method in collecting the samples is applied using Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). In this paper, the design of an innovative ROV equipped with sensors, cameras, and lighting systems in conducting in-situ measurement of the main water quality parameter are presented. The main objective of this ROV is to increase the safety of humans working in difficult-to-access underwater in obtaining measurements with a probe or to collect samples and analyze them in a laboratory. Temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, ammonia, and pH of water are among the assessed parameters. The sensors attached to ROV will take measurements at 15 sample waypoints in existing aquaculture areas. The data gathered may also be utilized to interpret the spatial distribution of measurements in the aquaculture areas. This project is expected to increase the productivity of Brunei aquaculture industry in the new future.

Keywords: Aquaculture; Oil and gas; ROV; Water quality; In-situ measurement