bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xanthan gum: A versatile biopolymer for biomedical and technological applications
Authors: Petri Denise F. S.
Published: February 2015

Xanthan gum is an extracellular polymer produced mainly by the bacteriumXanthomonas campestris. Traditionally it plays an important role in industrial applications as thickener, emulsion stabilizer and it has been added to water‐based drilling fluids due to its pseudoplastic behavior and thermal stability. The structural properties of xanthan in solution can be tuned by the temperature and ionic strength; under high ionic strength or low temperature, xanthan chains are arranged in helical conformation, whereas under low ionic strength or high temperature, xanthan chains are coiled. Xanthan high molecular weight favors the building up of physical and chemical networks, which have been used as carriers for drugs and proteins and as scaffolds for cells. In combination with other polymers xanthan has been applied as excipient in tablets or as supporting hydrogels for drug release applications, particularly due to its acid resistance. The large versatility of xanthan gum opens the possibility for the creation of new architectures and additional applications involving this fascinating polymer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42035.
In situ dispersion and compatibilization of lignin/epoxidized natural rubber composites: reactivity, morphology and property
Authors: Jiang Can , He Hui , Yao Xiaojie , Yu Peng , Zhou Ling , Jia Demin
Published: February 2015

Lignin, a naturally occurring polymer, was viewed as a potential substitute of carbon black for reinforcing rubber materials. However, it shows no reinforcing effect if directly mixed with rubber. In this study, lignin was in situ dispersed at submicrometer size and highly compatible with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) by using a high‐temperature dynamic heat treatment (HTDHT). Rheology analysis indicated that the ring opening reaction between lignin and ENR occurred at 160°C or above, which was further confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Due to the consumption of acidic groups of lignin by ENR, the retardant vulcanization effect of lignin was weakened. Morphology observation and dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated the perfect lignin dispersion and the strong interactions between lignin and ENR. The mechanical properties of the lignin/ENR composites were significantly improved by using HTDHT. Compared to the directly mixed rubber composites, the tensile strength and tear strength of the heat treated rubber composites filled with 40 phr lignin were increased by 114% and 23%, respectively. Especially, the 300% modulus of the heat treated rubber composite was increased by ca. 400%. X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the reinforcement of the composites originated from the presence of lignin rather than the strain‐induced crystallization of ENR. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42044.
Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated fluorinated block copolymer membranes with different esterified initiators for DMFC applications
Authors: Guerrero‐Gutiérrez Edward M. A. , Pérez‐Pérez Maritza , Suleiman David
Published: February 2015

This investigation studied the synthesis of ionic membranes composed of a sulfonated poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) with novel fluoroblock copolymers. These fluoroblock copolymers were synthesized using three different initiators by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP); two fluoroinitiators were obtained from the esterification of 2‐(perfluoroalkyl) ethanol or octafluoro 4‐4′‐biphenol. The third initiator evaluated was 1‐bromoethyl benzene. The resulting block copolymers were characterized using several techniques: Gel Permeation Chromatography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Transport properties (e.g., proton conductivity and methanol permeability) were measured to evaluate their performance for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The choice of ATRP initiator was found to have a profound impact on the thermal stability of the different homopolymers and block copolymers studied. In addition, the chemical nature and symmetry of the initiators can lead to different chemical and electronic transitions, which influence the performance of these ionic membranes in applications such as proton exchange membranes for DMFC applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42046.
Preparation of pectin‐inorganic composite material as accumulative material of metal ions
Authors: Yamada Masanori , Shiiba Shuka
Published: February 2015

Pectin is one of the biopolymers in the cell walls of all plant tissues, but the pectin‐containing materials have been discarded as industrial waste in food‐processing factories. We prepared a water‐insoluble pectin‐inorganic composite material by mixing pectin and a silane coupling reagent, bis(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine. The mechanical strength of the pectin‐inorganic composite material was higher than that of the pectin material without the addition of an inorganic component. In addition, the thermal stability of the composite material increased with the addition of the inorganic component. Furthermore, when the pectin‐inorganic composite materials were incubated in an aqueous solution of Cu(II), Zn(II), or In(III), these composite materials effectively accumulated not only the heavy metal ions, but also rare‐earth metal ions. Additionally, based on the infrared (IR) measurements, the metal ion accumulative mechanism into the composite material is described. As a result, the IR spectra suggested an electrostatic interaction between the metal ion and carboxy group in the pectin. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42056.
Interprofessional education and the basic sciences: Rationale and outcomes
Authors: Thistlethwaite Jill E.
Published: February 2015

Interprofessional education (IPE) aims to improve patient outcomes and the quality of care. Interprofessional learning outcomes and interprofessional competencies are now included in many countries' health and social care professions' accreditation standards. While IPE may take place at any time in health professions curricula it tends to focus on professionalism and clinical topics rather than basic science activities. However generic interprofessional competencies could be included in basic science courses that are offered to at least two different professional groups. In developing interprofessional activities at the preclinical level, it is important to define explicit interprofessional learning outcomes plus the content and process of the learning. Interprofessional education must involve interactive learning processes and integration of theory and practice. This paper provides examples of IPE in anatomy and makes recommendations for course development and evaluation. Anat Sci Educ 8: 299–304. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
The role of student surgical interest groups and surgical Olympiads in anatomical and surgical undergraduate training in Russia
Authors: Dydykin Sergey , Kapitonova Marina
Published: February 2015

Traditional department‐based surgical interest groups in Russian medical schools are useful tools for student‐based selection of specialty training. They also form a nucleus for initiating research activities among undergraduate students. In Russia, the Departments of Topographical Anatomy and Operative Surgery play an important role in initiating student‐led research and providing learners with advanced, practical surgical skills. In tandem with department‐led activities, student surgical interest groups prepare learners through surgical competitions, known as “Surgical Olympiads,” which have been conducted in many Russian centers on a regular basis since 1988. Surgical Olympiads stimulate student interest in the development of surgical skills before graduation and encourage students to choose surgery as their postgraduate specialty. Many of the participants in these surgical Olympiads have become highly qualified specialists in general surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, urology, gynecology, and emergency medicine. The present article emphasizes the role of student interest groups and surgical Olympiads in clinical anatomical and surgical undergraduate training in Russia. Anat Sci Educ 8: 471–477. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
Human body donation programs inSriLanka: Buddhist perspectives
Authors: Subasinghe Sandeepani Kanchana , Jones D. Gareth
Published: February 2015

Considerable attention is being given to the availability of bodies for anatomical education. This raises the question of the manner in which they are obtained, that is, whether they are unclaimed or donated. With increasing emphasis upon the ethical desirability of using body bequests, the spotlight tends to be focused on those countries with factors that militate against donations. However, little attention has been paid to cultures where donations are readily available. One such country is Sri Lanka where the majority of the Buddhist population follows Theravada Buddhism. Within this context, the expectation is that donations will be given selflessly without expecting anything in return. This is because donation of one's body has blessings for a better outcome now and in the afterlife. The ceremonies to honor donors are outlined, including details of the “Pirith Ceremony.” The relevance for other cultures of these features of body donation is discussed paying especial attention to the meaning of altruism and consent, and justification for the anonymization of cadavers. The degree to which anatomy is integrated into the surrounding culture also emerges as significant. Anat Sci Educ 8: 484–489. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
Highly Selective In Vivo Imaging of Endogenous/Exogenous Phosphate Ion over ATP and PPi
Authors: Zhang Jun Feng , Guo Lin E , Zang Tie Nan , Duan Yu Lian , Liu Xin Yi , Yang Zhigang , Verwilst Peter , Luo Kaijun , Wang Guang Ke , Kou Jun Feng , Zhou Ying , Kim Jong Seung
Published: February 2015

A chemodosimeter was designed to function as a highly selective phosphate ion (Pi) sensor, showing a 91‐fold ratiometric fluorescence enhancement. The probe successfully visualized exogenous and endogenous apyrase‐catalyzed Pi generation and was the first probe able to trace the generation and enrichment of Pi through hemichannel closure in Sf9 cells.
A new extrinsic sample mean in the shape space with applications to the boundaries of anatomical structures
Authors: Gual‐Arnau Ximo , Ibáñez M. Victoria , Simó Amelia
Published: February 2015

Shape analysis is of great importance in many fields of medical imaging and computational biology. In this paper, we consider the shape space as the set of smooth planar immersed curves in (parameterized curves) and, using the property of being isometric to a classical manifold immersed in a Euclidean space, we introduce a new extrinsic sample mean and a new extrinsic variance for a finite set of shapes, which are not necessarily star shaped. This is a fundamental tool in medical image analysis, for instance, to assess uncertainties that arise in locating anatomical structures such as the prostate and the bladder. We apply it to a dataset consisting of parallel planar axial CT sections of human prostate, in order to study the variability between boundaries that have been manually delineated by several observers.
Influenza virus‐like particles engineered by protein transfer with tumor‐associated antigens induces protective antitumor immunity
Authors: Patel Jaina M. , Vartabedian Vincent F. , Kim Min‐Chul , He Sara , Kang Sang‐Moo , Selvaraj Periasamy
Published: February 2015

Delivery of antigen in particulate form using either synthetic or natural particles induces stronger immunity than soluble forms of the antigen. Among naturally occurring particles, virus‐like particles (VLPs) have been genetically engineered to express tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) and have shown to induce strong TAA‐specific immune responses due to their nano‐particulate size and ability to bind and activate antigen‐presenting cells. In this report, we demonstrate that influenza VLPs can be modified by a protein transfer technology to express TAAs for induction of effective antitumor immune responses. We converted the breast cancer HER‐2 antigen to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored form and incorporated GPI‐HER‐2 onto VLPs by a rapid protein transfer process. Expression levels on VLPs depended on the GPI‐HER‐2 concentration added during protein transfer. Vaccination of mice with protein transferred GPI‐HER‐2‐VLPs induced a strong Th1 and Th2‐type anti‐HER‐2 antibody response and protected mice against a HER‐2‐expressing tumor challenge. The Soluble form of GPI‐HER‐2 induced only a weak Th2 response under similar conditions. These results suggest that influenza VLPs can be enriched with TAAs by protein transfer to develop effective VLP‐based subunit vaccines against cancer without chemical or genetic modifications and thus preserve the immune stimulating properties of VLPs for easier production of antigen‐specific therapeutic cancer vaccines. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1102–1110. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Annotation of additional evolutionary conserved microRNAs in CHO cells from updated genomic data
Authors: Diendorfer Andreas B. , Hackl Matthias , Klanert Gerald , Jadhav Vaibhav , Reithofer Manuel , Stiefel Fabian , Hesse Friedemann , Grillari Johannes , Borth Nicole
Published: February 2015

MicroRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs that play a critical role in post‐transcriptional control of gene expression. Recent publications of genomic sequencing data from the Chinese Hamster (CGR) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells provide new tools for the discovery of novel miRNAs in this important production system. Version 20 of the miRNA registry miRBase contains 307 mature miRNAs and 200 precursor sequences for CGR/CHO. We searched for evolutionary conserved miRNAs from miRBase v20 in recently published genomic data, derived from Chinese hamster and CHO cells, to further extend the list of known miRNAs. With our approach we could identify several hundred miRNA sequences in the genome. For several of these, the expression in CHO cells could be verified from multiple next‐generation sequencing experiments. In addition, several hundred unexpressed miRNAs are awaiting further confirmation by testing for their transcription in different Chinese hamster tissues. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1488–1493. © 2015 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional myotube formation from adult rat satellite cells in a defined serum‐free system
Authors: McAleer Christopher W. , Rumsey John W. , Stancescu Maria , Hickman James J.
Published: February 2015

This manuscript describes the development of a culture system whereby mature contracting myotubes were formed from adult rat derived satellite cells. Satellite cells, extracted from the Tibialis Anterior of adult rats, were grown in defined serum‐free growth and differentiation media, on a nonbiological substrate, N‐1[3‐trimethoxysilyl propyl] diethylenetriamine. Myotubes were evaluated morphologically and immunocytochemically, using MyHC specific antibodies, as well as functionally using patch clamp electrophysiology to measure ion channel activity. Results indicated the establishment of the rapid expression of adult myosin isoforms that contrasts to their slow development in embryonic cultures. This culture system has applications in the understanding and treatment of age‐related muscle myopathy, muscular dystrophy, and for skeletal muscle engineering by providing a more relevant phenotype for both in vitro and in vivo applications. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:997–1003, 2015
Transcriptional and post‐transcriptional limitations of high‐yielding, PEI‐mediated transient transfection with CHO and HEK‐293E cells
Authors: Rajendra Yashas , Kiseljak Divor , Baldi Lucia , Wurm Florian M. , Hacker David L.
Published: February 2015

Transient gene expression (TGE) in human embryonic kidney (HEK‐293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is a well‐established technology for the rapid generation of recombinant proteins. Although the maximum TGE yields have reached 1 g/L or more, the amount of plasmid DNA (pDNA) required for transfection remains high. Although greater than 103 copies of pDNA are present per transfected cell, protein yields are still lower than those achieved in recombinant cell lines with only one or a few copies of the transgene. This indicates a clear limitation to TGE in terms of the maximum level of recombinant protein production. In this study, we investigated the limitations to high‐yielding TGE processes with CHO and HEK‐293E cells using a monoclonal antibody as a model protein. For either cell host, both the intracellular and intranuclear pDNA levels increased linearly with the amount of pDNA added to the culture. In contrast, transgene mRNA accumulation reached a plateau as the intranuclear pDNA amount increased, suggesting a limitation in pDNA transcription. A post‐transcriptional limitation to TGE yields was revealed by calculating the amount of antibody produced per transgene mRNA (mRNA utilization). For both hosts the transgene mRNA utilization decreased dramatically when transfected pDNA amounts increased beyond the level giving the maximum protein yield. The post‐transcriptional limitation did not appear to be due to bottlenecks in antibody assembly or secretion, suggesting that transgene mRNA translation may be limiting. The results show that TGE yields are not limited by pDNA delivery into the nuclei, but in pDNA and transgene mRNA utilization. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:541–549, 2015
Formulation of Highly Functionalizable DNA Nanoparticles Based on 1,2‐Dithiolane Derivatives
Authors: Charrat Coralie , Biscotti Anaïs , Godeau Guilhem , Greiner Jacques , Vierling Pierre , Guigonis Jean‐Marie , Di Giorgio Christophe
Published: February 2015

We describe the formulation of synthetic virus models based on ionic compounds bearing the polymerizable 1,2‐dithiolane moiety. First, cationic amphiphiles containing the polymeric inducer were prepared and used to efficiently condense a DNA plasmid (pDNA) into a highly monodisperse population of small polymeric cationic DNA nanoparticles (NPs; Dh∼100 nm). These nonspecific cationic particles were then functionalized with anionic PEGylated conjugates, also based on the 1,2‐dithiolane motifs, in order to produce stable and fully dispersible stealth DNA nanoparticles. Our results show that both ionic interactions and polymerization based on the 1,2‐dithiolane pattern occur and that they produce highly functionalizable nonviral DNA NPs.
N‐Glycosylation with Synthetic Undecaprenyl Pyrophosphate‐Linked Oligosaccharide to Oligopeptides by PglB Oligosaccharyltransferase from Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Ishiwata Akihiro , Taguchi Yuya , Lee Yong Joo , Watanabe Taisuke , Kohda Daisuke , Ito Yukishige
Published: February 2015

The oligosaccharyltransferase PglB from Campylobacter jejuni catalyses the N‐glycosylation reaction with undecaprenyl‐pyrophosphate‐linked Glc1GalNAc5Bac1 (Und‐PP‐Glc1GalNAc5Bac1). Experiments using chemically synthesized donors coupled to fluorescently tagged peptides confirmed that biosynthetic intermediate Und‐PP‐Bac1 and Und‐PP‐GalNAc2Bac1 are transferred efficiently to the Asn residue in the consensus sequence (D/E‐X′‐N‐X‐T/S, X′,X≠P). The products were analyzed in detail by tandem MS to confirm their chemical structures.
Selective Synthesis of Primary Amines by Reductive Amination of Ketones with Ammonia over Supported Pt catalysts
Authors: Nakamura Yoichi , Kon Kenichi , Touchy Abeda Sultana , Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Ueda Wataru
Published: February 2015

Supported platinum catalysts are studied for the reductive amination of ketones under ammonia and hydrogen. For a model reaction with 2‐adamantanone, Pt‐loaded MoOx/TiO2 (Pt‐MoOx/TiO2) shows the highest yield of primary amine. The catalyst is effective for the selective transformation of various aliphatic and aromatic ketones to the corresponding primary amines, which demonstrates the first example of the selective synthesis of primary amines by this reaction. The yield of the amine increases with increase in the negative shift of the CO stretching band in the infrared spectra of adsorbed acetone on the catalysts, suggesting that Lewis acid sites on the support material play an important role in this catalytic system.
Bone‐Targeted Cisplatin‐Complexed Poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)–Poly(glutamic acid) Block Polymer Nanoparticles: An Electrochemical Approach
Authors: de Miguel Laura , Cebrián‐Torrejón Gerardo , Caudron Eric , Arpinati Ludovica , Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Ponchel Gilles
Published: February 2015

The voltammetric response of different osteotropic multifunctional nanoparticles based on cisplatin‐complexed poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)–poly(glutamic acid) block polymer (CDDP‐PBLG‐b‐PGlu) copolymer, with or without poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)–poly(ethylene glycol) block polymer (PBLG‐b‐PEG), and having bone‐targeting properties is studied at biologically relevant pH. Significant differences in the cisplatin‐centered voltammetric signals allow monitoring of the association of cisplatin to nanoparticles as well as release kinetics from them, in agreement with atomic absorption spectroscopy data. Electrochemical studies reveal that the cisplatin association is significant only if the proportion of the PBLG‐b‐PGlu copolymer was greater than PBLG‐b‐PEG.
Electrochemical Conversion of Dichloroacetic Acid to Chloroacetic Acid in a Microfluidic Stack and in a Series of Microfluidic Reactors
Authors: Scialdone Onofrio , Galia Alessandro , Sabatino Simona , Mira Domenico , Amatore Christian
Published: February 2015

The electrochemical conversion of dichloroacetic acid into chloracetic acid is performed in three different microdevices: a simple microfluidic cell; a microfluidic stack equipped with various electrode chambers in series and three microfluidic cells in series. The synthesis of chloracetic acid is performed successfully at low cell potentials without supporting electrolyte with high yields and selectivity under a single‐pass mode. Optimization of the productivity and of the final concentration of the target product is achieved by using a stack with two or three electrode chambers in series. Using three microreactors in series offers interesting new perspectives, including the opportunity to modulate the current density among the reactors chain in order to optimize the figures of merit of the overall process. The effect of various operating parameters such as the initial concentration of dichloroacetic acid, the flow rate and the current density are also presented in detail.
First‐Row Transition‐Metal–Diborane and –Borylene Complexes
Authors: Sharmila Dudekula , Mondal Bijan , Ramalakshmi Rongala , Kundu Sangita , Varghese Babu , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: February 2015

A combined experimental and quantum chemical study of Group 7 borane, trimetallic triply bridged borylene and boride complexes has been undertaken. Treatment of [{Cp*CoCl}2] (Cp*=1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with LiBH4⋅thf at −78 °C, followed by room‐temperature reaction with three equivalents of [Mn2(CO)10] yielded a manganese hexahydridodiborate compound [{(OC)4Mn}(η6‐B2H6){Mn(CO)3}2(μ‐H)] (1) and a triply bridged borylene complex [(μ3‐BH)(Cp*Co)2(μ‐CO)(μ‐H)2MnH(CO)3] (2). In a similar fashion, [Re2(CO)10] generated [(μ3‐BH)(Cp*Co)2(μ‐CO)(μ‐H)2ReH(CO)3] (3) and [(μ3‐BH)(Cp*Co)2(μ‐CO)2(μ‐H)Co(CO)3] (4) in modest yields. In contrast, [Ru3(CO)12] under similar reaction conditions yielded a heterometallic semi‐interstitial boride cluster [(Cp*Co)(μ‐H)3Ru3(CO)9B] (5). The solid‐state X‐ray structure of compound 1 shows a significantly shorter boron–boron bond length. The detailed spectroscopic data of 1 and the unusual structural and bonding features have been described. All the complexes have been characterized by using 1H, 11B, 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The DFT computations were used to shed light on the bonding and electronic structures of these new compounds. The study reveals a dominant BHMn, a weak BBMn interaction, and an enhanced BB bonding in 1.
Tuning the Basicity of Cyano‐Containing Ionic Liquids to Improve SO2 Capture through Cyano–Sulfur Interactions
Authors: Cui Guokai , Zhang Fengtao , Zhou Xiuyuan , Li Haoran , Wang Jianji , Wang Congmin
Published: February 2015

A new approach has been developed to improve SO2 sorption by cyano‐containing ionic liquids (ILs) through tuning the basicity of ILs and cyano–sulfur interaction. Several kinds of cyano‐containing ILs with different basicity were designed, prepared, and used for SO2 capture. The interaction between these cyano‐containing ILs and SO2 was investigated by FTIR and NMR methods. Spectroscopic investigations and quantum chemical calculations showed that dramatic effects on SO2 capacity originate from the basicity of the ILs and enhanced cyano–sulfur interaction. Furthermore, the captured SO2 was easy to release by heating or bubbling N2 through the ILs. This efficient and reversible process, achieved by tuning the basicity of ILs, is an excellent alternative to current technologies for SO2 capture.
Encapsulation of an Interpenetrated Diamondoid Inorganic Building Block in a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Lin Ping , Chen Erxia , Tan Yanxi , Wen Tian , Aldalbahi Ali , Alshehri Saad M. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Du Shaowu , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2015

The first example of an inorganic–organic composite framework with an interpenetrated diamondoid inorganic building block, featuring unique {InNa}n helices and {In12Na16} nano‐rings, has been constructed and structurally characterized. This framework also represents a unique example of encapsulation of an interpenetrated diamondoid inorganic building block in a metal–organic framework.
Vanadium(V) Oxo and Imido Calix[8]arene Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Studies, and Ethylene Homo/Copolymerisation Capability
Authors: Redshaw Carl , Walton Mark J. , Lee Darren S. , Jiang Chengying , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Michiue Kenji
Published: February 2015

Interaction of p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]areneH8 (L8H8) with [NaVO(OtBu)4] (formed in situ from VOCl3) afforded the complex [Na(NCMe)5][(VO)2L8H]⋅4 MeCN (1⋅4 MeCN). Increasing [NaVO(OtBu)4] to 4 equiv led to [Na(NCMe)6]2[(Na(VO)4L8)(Na(NCMe))3]2⋅10 MeCN (2⋅10 MeCN). With adventitious oxygen, reaction of 4 equiv of [VO(OtBu)3] with L8H8 afforded the alkali‐metal‐free complex [(VO)4L8(μ3‐O)2] (3); solvates 3⋅3 MeCN and 3⋅3 CH2Cl2 were isolated. For the lithium analogue, the order of addition had to be reversed such that lithium tert‐butoxide was added to L8H8 and then treated with 2 equiv of VOCl3; crystallisation afforded [(VO2)2Li6[L8](thf)2(OtBu)2(Et2O)2]⋅Et2O (4⋅Et2O). Upon extraction into acetonitrile, [Li(NCMe)4][(VO)2L8H]⋅8 MeCN (5⋅8 MeCN) was formed. Use of the imido precursors [V(NtBu)(OtBu)3] and [V(Np‐tolyl)(OtBu)3] and L8H8, afforded [tBuNH3][{V(p‐tolylN)}2L8H]⋅3 1/2 MeCN (6⋅3 1/2 MeCN). The molecular structures of 1 to 6 are reported. Complexes 1, 3, and 4 were screened as precatalysts for the polymerisation of ethylene in the presence of cocatalysts at various temperatures and for the copolymerisation of ethylene with propylene. Activities as high as 136 000 g (mmol(V) h)−1 were sometimes achieved; higher molecular weight polymers could be obtained versus the benchmark [VO(OEt)Cl2]. For copolymerisation, incorporation of propylene was 7.1–10.9 mol % (compare 10 mol % for [VO(OEt)Cl2]), although catalytic activities were lower than [VO(OEt)Cl2].
Decarbonylative CC Bond‐Forming Reactions of Saccharins by Nickel Catalysis: Homocoupling and Cycloaddition
Authors: Mi Pengbing , Liao Peiqiu , Tu Tao , Bi Xihe
Published: February 2015

Decarbonylation of saccharins by nickel catalysis enables two kinds of CC bond‐forming reactions; homocoupling of saccharins to form biaryls and cycloaddition with alkynes to form benzosultams. The former represents the first reported nickel‐catalyzed decarbonylative CC homocoupling reaction, whereas the latter constitutes a powerful method to pharmaceutically relevant benzosultams. The reactions proceed with good functional‐group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity.
Photobiochemical Production of Carbon Monoxide by Thermus thermophilus ba3‐Cytochrome c Oxidase
Authors: Koutsoupakis Constantinos , Soulimane Tewfik , Varotsis Constantinos
Published: February 2015

We report the photobiochemical production of carbon monoxide by a terminal ba3‐cytochrome c oxidase from T. thermophilus HB8. FTIR and time‐resolved step‐scan FTIR spectroscopies were combined to probe this process and also monitor the concomitant binding of the produced gas to other intact ba3 molecules forming the ba3–CO complex. The activation of this mechanism by ba3‐oxidase under visible excitation raises the question as to whether such a mechanism is physiologically relevant to the extreme environment in which it operates.
tert‐Butyl(tert‐butoxy)zinc Hydroxides: Hybrid Models for Single‐Source Precursors of ZnO Nanocrystals
Authors: Sokołowski Kamil , Justyniak Iwona , Bury Wojciech , Grzonka Justyna , Kaszkur Zbigniew , Mąkolski Łukasz , Dutkiewicz Michał , Lewalska Agnieszka , Krajewska Elżbieta , Kubicki Dominik , Wójcik Katarzyna , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof J. , Lewiński Janusz
Published: February 2015

Alkylzinc alkoxides, [RZnOR′]4, have received much attention as efficient precursors of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs), and their “Zn4O4” heterocubane core has been regarded as a “preorganized ZnO”. A comprehensive investigation of the synthesis and characterization of a new family of tert‐butyl(tert‐butoxy)zinc hydroxides, [(tBu)4Zn4(μ3‐OtBu)x(μ3‐OH)4−x], as model single‐source precursors of ZnO NCs is reported. The direct reaction between well‐defined [tBuZnOH]6 (16) and [tBuZnOtBu]4 (24) in various molar ratios allows the isolation of new mixed cubane aggregates as crystalline solids in a high yield: [(tBu)4Zn4(μ3‐OtBu)3(μ3‐OH)] (3), [(tBu)4Zn4(μ3‐OtBu)2(μ3‐OH)2] (4), [(tBu)4Zn4(μ3‐OtBu)(μ3‐OH)3] (5). The resulting products were characterized in solution by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, and in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The thermal transformations of 2–5 were monitored by in situ variable‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric measurements. The investigation showed that the ZnOH groups appeared to be a desirable feature for the solid‐state synthesis of ZnO NCs that significantly decreased the decomposition temperature of crystalline precursors 3–5.
Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons: Improved Synthesis and Application in MALDI Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Qian , Cheng Mengting , Wang Jing , Jiang Guibin
Published: February 2015

Graphene nanoribbon is a novel variety of graphene with high length‐to‐width ratio and straight edges. Herein, we report an improved method for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) from longitudinal unraveling of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by means of a one‐step, one‐pot pressurized oxidation reaction. The obtained GONRs were characterized by different techniques. Furthermore, owing to their unique properties such as strong optical absorption and good water dispersibility, we show that GONRs can be used as an excellent matrix or probe in matrix‐assisted or surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI or SELDI MS) for the first time. In MALDI MS, GONRs generated significantly higher signals than conventional organic matrix and other graphene‐based matrices in the detection of low‐mass compounds. We also demonstrate the use of GONRs as a sensitive SELDI probe for simultaneous detection of multiple small molecules and profiling of small molecules in complex environmental samples, thus revealing its application potential in rapid screening of low‐mass pollutants in complex media.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Edge‐Sharing Sulfate‐Transition Metal Coordination in Na2M(SO4)2 (M: Ni and Co).
Authors: Fry Allyson M. , Sweeney Owen T. , Phelan W. Adam , Drichko Natalia , Siegler Maxime A. , McQueen Tyrel M.
Published: February 2015

Na2Ni(SO4)2 (I) and Na2Co(SO4)2 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of Na2SO4 and NiSO4 or CoSO4 (Al2O3 crucible, 580 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterometal Silver/Copper(I) Modulated Thermochromism of Two Isostructural Iodoplumbates.
Authors: Li Honghong , Yu Tanlai , An Li , Wang Yilin , Shen Junju , Fu Yangbo , Fu Yunlong
Published: February 2015

Compounds (IVa,b) crystallize isostructurally in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the Platinum‐Substituted Keggin Anion α‐H2SiPtW11O404‐.
Authors: Klemperer Walter G. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2015

Acidification of an aqueous solution of K8SiW11O39 and K2Pt(OH)6 to pH 4 followed by addition of excess Me4NCl yields a solid mixture of Me4N+ (TBA) salts of H2SiPtW11O404‐ (I) and SiW12O404‐ (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines, Tetrahydroquinoxalines, and Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Pd‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions.
Authors: Hopkins B. A. , Wolfe J. P.
Published: February 2015

A fundamentally new approach to the asymmetric synthesis of the three title classes of saturated benzo‐fused nitrogen heterocycles bearing a quaternary stereocenter is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: First Phosphite Ligand Based on ((4R,5S)‐5‐ (Hydroxymethyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)‐diphenylmethanol.
Authors: Gavrilov K. N. , Novikov I. M. , Chuchelkin I. V. , Zheglov S. V. , Levkina M. S. , Volov A. N. , Zamilatskov I. A.
Published: February 2015

A new amidophosphite (PHO) having a chiral P‐center is synthesized and successfully applied as chiral ligand in a Pd‐catalyzed allylic sulfonylation [→ (III)].
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Hydrodeoxygenation of Ketones, Phenols, and Ethers Promoted by Platinum‐Heteropolyacid Bifunctional Catalysts.
Authors: Itagaki Shintaro , Matsuhashi Naoki , Taniguchi Kento , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: February 2015

The introduced catalyst can be recycled by simple filtration and reused for the hydrodeoxygenation at least twice without severe loss of its catalytic performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Terminal Alkynes and Tertiary Amines by a Combined Catalyst of Zn2+ and OMS‐2.
Authors: Jin Xiongjie , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: February 2015

In the presence of ZnBr2 and manganese oxide‐based octahedral molecular sieves (OMS‐2), structurally diverse propargylamines are synthesized by this new coupling reaction using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant which provides a green synthetic route to the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Sulfinate Synthesis Enables C—H Trifluoromethylcyclopropanation.
Authors: Gianatassio Ryan , Kawamura Shuhei , Eprile Cecil L , Foo Klement , Ge Jason , Burns Aaron C. , Collins Michael R. , Baran Phil S.
Published: February 2015

Sulfinates are readily available from carboxylic acids using classic Barton chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction of Aryl/Heteroaryl Halides with MIDA Boronates in EtOH/H2O or H2O.
Authors: Li Yabo , Wang Jingran , Wang Zhiwei , Huang Mengmeng , Yan Beiqi , Cui Xiuling , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: February 2015

A number of aryl‐phenyl, hetaryl‐phenyl and hetaryl‐hetaryl cross‐coupling products is obtained using two different tolyliminoethylferrocene‐derived palladacycle catalyst‐solvent systems (PFP‐EtOH/H2O preferentially for bromides and PFD/XPhos‐H2O preferentially for chlorides).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrodehalogenation of Alkyl Iodides with Base‐Mediated Hydrogenation and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of N‐Protected α‐Methylamines.
Authors: Mandal Pijus K. , Birtwistle J. Sanderson , McMurray John S.
Published: February 2015

Both presented basic hydrodehalogenation methods are selective for the iodomethyl group over hydrogenolysis‐labile protecting groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable, Mild and Efficient p‐Methoxybenzyl Ether Deprotections Utilizing Catalytic DDQ.
Authors: Walsh Katie , Sneddon Helen F. , Moody Christopher J.
Published: February 2015

Under similar conditions, in situ generated cinnamyl alcohol is immediately oxidized into the corresponding alcohol (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Amination of Alkyl Ethers via n‐Bu4NI/t‐BuOOH‐Mediated Intermolecular Oxidative C(sp3)—N Bond Formation: Novel Synthesis of Hemiaminal Ethers.
Authors: Dian Longyang , Wang Sisi , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang
Published: February 2015

Certain types of amines including aniline and benzimidazole fail to give the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3·6H2O‐Catalyzed Mukaiyama‐Aldol Type Reactions of Enolizable Aldehydes and Acetals.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Gimeno Alejandra , Cuenca Ana B. , Gil‐Tomas Jesus , Medio‐Simon Mercedes , Olmos Andrea , Asensio Gregorio
Published: February 2015

A general procedure for the title condensation of dimethylacetals derived from enolizable aldehydes with silyl enol ethers is developed using FeCl3 as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Promoted C→N Acyl Rearrangement: An Unconventional Approach to α‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Ugarriza Iratxe , Uria Uxue , Carrillo Luisa , Vicario Jose L. , Reyes Efraim
Published: February 2015

The presented MeLi mediated intramolecular acyl transfer reaction gives access to a large scope of amino acid derivatives in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Nitriles and Diols Using Hydrogen Transfer as a Substrate‐Activating Strategy.
Authors: Kim Jaewoon , Hong Soon Hyeok
Published: February 2015

The atom‐economical and versatile synthesis of cyclic imides is based on a Ru‐catalyzed transfer‐hydrogenation reaction in which both substrates, diols and nitriles are simultaneously converted into lactones and amines in a redox neutral manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Rapid Sustainable Synthesis of Substituted Thiourea.
Authors: Azizi Najmedin , Rahimzadeh‐Oskooee Amin , Yadollahy Zahra , Ourimi Ali Gouran
Published: February 2015

by condensation of aliphatic amines with CS2 in polyethylene glycol or water
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzobicycloheptanones via the Trap of Photogenerated Ketene Methide Intermediate with Olefins.
Authors: Liu Qiang , Meng Jiang , Liu Yang , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong
Published: February 2015

Irradiation of ortho‐formyl dienes with UV light leads to benzobicycloheptanones in high yields and chemoselectivities via a photogenerated ketene methide/Diels—Alder cascade reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Substitution Reactions of Propargyl Halides with Organotitanium Reagents.
Authors: Li Qing‐Han , Liao Jung‐Wei , Huang Yi‐Ling , Chiang Ruei‐Tang , Gau Han‐Mou
Published: February 2015

The title reaction affords monosubstituted, 1,1‐disubstituted or 1,3‐disubstituted allenes (III), (V), or (VII) as well as substituted alkynes (IX) depending of the type of substituents on the propargyl halide.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Arylhydrazines and Alcohols for the Synthesis of Arylhydrazones.
Authors: Li Feng , Sun Chunlou , Wang Nana
Published: February 2015

The procedure can be applied to a broad spectrum of arylhydrazines and alcohols to afford the desired arylhydrazones as synthons of various N‐heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Azobiphenyls and Azoterphenyls with Improved Solubilities for Switching Applications.
Authors: Koehl Isabel , Luening Ulrich
Published: February 2015

The photochemical switching of the products is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Photoredox and Gold Catalysis: Intermolecular Multicomponent Oxyarylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Hopkinson Matthew N. , Sahoo Basudev , Glorius Frank
Published: February 2015

Various α‐arylated ethers are prepared from simple alkenes combining gold catalysis and visible light photoredox catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Imines from Primary Alcohols and Amines Using an Active Ruthenium(II) NNN—Pincer Complex.
Authors: Sindhuja Elangovan , Ramesh Rengan
Published: February 2015

The imination reaction is performed with low loadings of the title catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophilic Pd0 Complexes Based on Sugars for Efficient Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling in Aqueous Systems.
Authors: Tarantino Giulia , Curcio Massimiliano , Pica Andrea , Carpentieri Andrea , Cucciolito Maria E. , Ruffo Francesco , Vitagliano Aldo , Lega Matteo
Published: February 2015

Various sugar‐based Pd‐complexes are tested for the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling and the shown catalyst is the best one.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation. An Efficient Route Toward Indenamines.
Authors: Hung Chen‐Hsun , Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Cheng Cien‐Hong
Published: February 2015

The reaction shows remarkable regioselectivity for unsymmetric alkynes, but fails for N—aryl or N—H imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed meta‐C—H Olefination, Arylation, and Acetoxylation of Indolines Using a U‐Shaped Template.
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Lindovska Petra , Zhu Dajian , Kim Justin , Wang Peng , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Movassaghi Mohammad , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: February 2015

C2‐ or C5‐monosubstituted, C2‐C3‐fused and spiro‐substituted indolines, furo and pyrroloindolines, indoles, and tetrahydro‐β‐carboline structural motifs are olefinated by means of the nitrile‐containing templates Tem and Tep.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Spiroketal Fragment of (‐)‐Ushikulide A.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy N. Mallikarjuna , Rahman Md. Ataur , Prasad Attaluri R.
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of the title fragment (I) involves the use of TosMIC as alkylating reagent and a Prins cyclization to construct the functionalized tetrahydropyran ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent, One‐Pot and Expeditious Synthesis of Highly Substituted New Spiro[indolo‐3,10′‐indeno[1,2‐b]quinolin]‐2,4,11′‐triones under Micellar Catalytic Effect of CTAB in Water.
Authors: Mondal Animesh , Brown Mike , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: February 2015

The title compounds (IV) (51 examples) are efficiently obtained by reaction of enaminones, various 5‐substituted isatins, and indane‐1,3‐dione in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Darzens Reaction Rate Enhancement Using Aqueous Media Leading to a High Level of Kinetically Controlled Diastereoselective Synthesis of Steroidal Epoxyketones.
Authors: Li Bo , Li Chunbao
Published: February 2015

The Darzens reaction in aqueous media is investigated in the presence of phase transfer catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Olefination of Furans with Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Sevov Christo S. , Hartwig John F.
Published: February 2015

With the exception of cyclooctene (VIII), internal cyclic or acyclic alkenes do not couple to furans.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Lignans of Three Structural Types from a Common Intermediate, Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐Yangambin.
Authors: Syed Majid Khalil , Murray Cian , Casey Mike
Published: February 2015

The enantioselective synthesis of yangambin (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Preparation of 2‐Arylbenzofurans from Oximes with Diaryliodonium Triflate.
Authors: Togo Hideo , Miyagi Kotaro , Moriyama Katsuhiko
Published: February 2015

A one‐pot transition metal‐free method for the preparation of 2‐arylbenzofuran derivatives of type (III) or (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Sequential Reaction via a Propargylation, Annulation and Isomerization Sequence for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Benzofurans.
Authors: Li Wen‐Tao , Nan Wen‐Hui , Luo Qun‐Li
Published: February 2015

A new metal‐free one‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted benzofurans from phenols and secondary propargyl alcohols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐2H‐pyran‐3‐carbonyl) ‐6,6‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐3,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐2H‐benzofuran‐4‐one Derivatives via Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Bade Thirupaiah , Vedula Rajeswar Rao
Published: February 2015

12 Title compounds of type (IV) are prepared by a one‐pot two‐step reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Synthesis of Densely Substituted 3‐Formylpyrroles from Imines and 1,4‐Ketoaldehydes.
Authors: Kumar Indresh , Mir Nisar A. , Ramaraju Panduga , Singh Deepika , Gupta Vivek K. , Rajnikant Rajnikant
Published: February 2015

A straightforward synthesis of densely substituted 3‐formylpyrroles in a modular fashion from 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds and aldimines under very mild conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolidines Through N‐Bromosuccinimide‐Induced Aziridine Ring Expansion Cascade of Cinnamylaziridine.
Authors: Zhou Jing , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: February 2015

The bromonium ion‐induced aziridine ring expansion cascade affords a mixture of functionalized pyrrolidines (III) and piperidines (IV), with the former being the major products.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐[(N‐Alkylanilino)(aryl)methyl]indoles via a Transition Metal Assisted Three‐Component Condensation at Room Temperature.
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Das Suvankar
Published: February 2015

A series of the title compounds (IV) is obtained by three‐component condensation between indoles, aromatic aldehydes, and N‐alkylanilines using low‐cost and environmentally benign zirconium oxychloride or copper chloride catalysts under neat and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 1,3‐Diaryl‐6,7‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐4(5H)‐ones from 1‐Aryl‐2‐arylaminoethanones.
Authors: Kaladevi Selvam , Sridhar Jeyaraman , Abhilashamole Brahmanandan , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: February 2015

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds without using a catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine Mediated One‐Pot C‐H Functionalization at 2α‐ or 3α‐Position of Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Higuchi Kazuhiro , Kawasaki Tomomi , Inaba Masato , Naganuma Asuka , Ishizaki Takako , Tayu Masanori
Published: February 2015

The hypervalent iodine‐mediated one‐pot C—H functionalization at the 2α‐ or 3α‐position of indole derivatives is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: MCPBA‐Promoted Tandem Michael Addition—Intramolecular Cyclization of 2‐Azido‐β‐amino Esters: Single Pot, Convenient Access to 1,2,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Raj Raghu , Hundal M. S. , Kumar Vipan
Published: February 2015

Attempts upon chromatographic separation of the diastereomeric starting material fail.
ChemInform Abstract: From Targeted Aza‐Michael Addition to Linked Azaheterocyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , De Crescentini Lucia , Filippone Paolino , Giorgi Gianluca , Nicolini Simona , Perrulli Francesca R. , Santeusanio Stefania
Published: February 2015

Different kinds of azaheterocyclic scaffolds (hydantoin, 2‐thiohydantoin) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective ortho Olefination of Aryl Sulfonamide via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Xie Weijia , Yang Jie , Wang Baiquan , Li Bin
Published: February 2015

The Rh‐catalyzed ortho C‐H olefination of aryl sulfonamides using an ‐SO2‐NH‐R substituent as directing group is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly, One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyran Annulated Heterocyclic Scaffolds at Room Temperature Using Ammonium or Sodium Formate as Non‐toxic Catalyst.
Authors: Brahmachari G. , Laskar S. , Banerjee B.
Published: February 2015

The title compounds (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (X) are obtained by three‐component condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and C—H activated acidic compounds under mild reaction conditions.