bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ATTITUDE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALITY OF STUDENTS FOR PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Delcheva Tiha
Published: January 2023

An actual problem of higher education is the formation of students' mental readiness for pedagogical activity in the context of their individual characteristics and potential opportunities. Attitude is a mental state of readiness for a certain activity, it is the psychological content of the interaction between the student's need for pedagogical activity and the objective educational situation, a prerequisite for the emergence of his or her readiness for activity with a certain orientation. There is a dialectical unity between stability and changeability in the state of attitude, which explains the individuality of the individual student, the non-repeating forms of their mental organization as a certain way of an ordered system of his or her behavior. A connecting link is between the motivational and target substructures of the activity, on the one hand, and the operational one, on the other. The development of the professional attitude of the students is realized through the principle of unity between the individual characteristics of the personality and the specificity of the pedagogical activity. The necessary conditions for this are: an actual need of the subject at a given moment and an objective situation for its satisfaction; position taken by the person, which expresses their attitude to a given line of behavior, to the tasks before them, and selective mobilization for their implementation. This requires: continuous active pedagogical activity of students in an immediate educational environment; ensuring the mastery of its operational, organizational, psychological and socio-moral aspect; stimulating the development of social motives and attitudes; the preparation for it should be on a reflexive basis, so that it is personally significant for them; the formation of important qualities such as organization, responsibility, resourcefulness, patience.
The development of the attitude towards pedagogical activity begins with building a general attitude towards it as a complete expression of the student's personality and ends with an attitude towards self-management of one's own pedagogical activity.
INCREASING THE COGNITIVE MOTIVATION FOR LEARNING OF YOUNG STUDENTS THROUGH THE VIEW OF PRIMARY TEACHERS
Authors: Krasteva Antoniya , Cholakova Bistra
Published: January 2023

The advance and formation of the young student`s personality is a complex and contradictory process which is based on the leading activity for the student  the learning one. The process of motivation, as a part of learning activity, is related to solving problems. That process begins at an early stage in the conditions of school practice. In that aspect, the formation of motives is extremely important to increase the motivation and efficiency for the learning process. In that context, motivational support of the learning process in elementary school poses various challenges to the teacher.
MONASTERIES IN BULGARIA – A MODEL OF INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Authors: Mavrodieva-Kyuchukova Darina , Vladimirova Irina , Stoyanova Ilonka
Published: January 2023

The aim of innovation in education is to enable students to improve their educational performance, their motivation to learn, their participation in school life and to develop their creative thinking, different competences and emotional intelligence.
The report presents a model of innovative pedagogical practice, implemented through project-based learning, used in an interdisciplinary religion lesson on the topic "Monasteries in Bulgaria". The practice was realized with students from the IV a class of the "Panayot Volov" Primary School, Varna, studying under an innovative school curriculum under the project "Design and Creativity" and attending the school "Orthodox Christian Values and Traditions" at the Municipal Children's Complex - Varna. The paper focuses on the advantages of the project method, on the inter-subject links in religious education, on the integration of non-formal religious education and formal school education, and especially on the technology of implementation of the approbated practice.
It is concluded that the applied innovative practice is effective, successful and sustainable. It enhances the cognitive and motivational efficiency of the students, helps to carry out a comprehensive and in-depth study of the topic, and the project developed by the students "Monasteries in Bulgaria" testifies to their information and technological literacy, analyticity (critical thinking), creativity and innovation, communication and teamwork skills.
Evaluation of the relationship between quantitative ultrasound findings and morbidly adherent placenta
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Sadeghi Ardakani Fatemeh , Tara Fatemeh ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Saghafi Nafiseh ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Seilanian Toosi Farrokh ,   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Khoroushi Farzaneh ,   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Emadzadeh Maryam ,   Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Mirzaeian Sara ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Aminzadeh Behzad ,   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Published: January 2023

Aim: The accuracy of ultrasound findings in predicting the incidence of morbidly adherent placenta has been evaluated previously. In this study, we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of different quantitative findings of color Doppler and grayscale ultrasonography in predicting morbidly adherent placenta. Material and methods: In this prospective cohort study, all pregnant women over 20 weeks of gestational age with anterior placenta and a history of previous cesarean section were evaluated for inclusion. Various ultrasound findings were measured. The non-parametric receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve, and the cut-off values were assessed. Results: A total of 120 patients were ultimately included for analysis, of whom 15 had morbidly adherent placenta. The two groups were significantly different regarding the number of vessels. Based on color Doppler ultrasonography, in predicting the morbidly adherent placenta, more than two intraplecental echolucent zones with color flow had 93% and 98% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. According to grayscale ultrasonography, more than thirteen intraplacental echolucent zones had the sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 80% in predicting morbidly adherent placenta, respectively. Echolucent zone >11 mm at non-fetal surface had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 66% in detecting morbidly adherent placenta. Conclusions: According to the results, the quantitative findings of color Doppler ultrasound have considerable sensitivity and specificity in detecting morbidly adherent placenta. More than two echolucent zones with color flow are recommended as the main diagnostic parameter indicating the presence of morbidly adherent placenta with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 98%.
Simulation aided design of a high efficient GaSb based single-junction solar cell
Authors: Kharchich Fatima Zahra , Khamlichi Abdellatif
Published: January 2023

Owing to their elevated absorption coefficient, superior resistance to radiation and reduced effective electron mass, gallium antimonide (GaSb) semiconductors were documented to be suitable for photovoltaic systems applications. However, they were found to suffer from low efficiency. This work has been dedicated to enhance the design of GaSb based single-junction solar cells having window and back surface field made from AlGaAsSb material. The purpose is to maximize their electrical performance by considering doping and thickness of layers as design variables. A methodology of optimization was proposed. It is based on computer aided design through simulations performed under SILVACO-ATLAS software and a numerical procedure that was developed to achieve optimal design of this particular solar cell. The approach encompasses analysis of variance and derivation of response surface models to get explicit expression of the objective function corresponding to efficiency. The obtained results have shown an efficiency which is higher than all the previous known values established in literature.
Calibration Weighting Methods for the National Center for Health Statistics Research and Development Survey
Authors: Irimata Katherine , He Yulei , Parsons Van , Shin Hee-Choon , Zhang Guangyu
Published: January 2023

This report describes calibration weighting methods and describes the approaches used to calibrate weights in web-based panel surveys at the National Center for Health Statistics.
A EDUCAÇÃO AO LONGO DE TODA A VIDA: UMA PROPOSTA PÓS-MODERNA
Authors: Almeida Jane
Published: January 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é desvelar a agenda pós-moderna na educação a partir da proposta de educação para o século XXI, Educação ao Longo de Toda a Vida, apresentada pelo Relatório encomendado pela UNESCO à Jacques Delors no final dos anos noventa, intitulado Educação: um tesouro a descobrir. Apesar de construída há mais de vinte anos, esta proposta de educação forjada com base nas mudanças presentes na contemporaneidade em relação ao trabalho, a tecnologia e, portanto, as novas sociabilidades, impacta propostas educacionais até os dias de hoje em vários países. Para isso sistematizaremos o contraponto da pós-modernidade como forma de resgatar as raízes epistemológicas e políticas desta critica pós-moderna, que ao não superar as condições que alicerçam a sociedade moderna capitalista, acaba por forjar uma revitalização do “velho”, como solução. Por fim, com auxílio de trabalhos como do István Mészáros confrontar e apresentar o que de fato seria uma educação para o futuro.
A comparative evaluation of anthropometric characteristics and respiratory functions' parameters among rugby and soccer players
Authors: Ahsan Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Evaluation of anthropometric characteristics and respiratory functions is imperative for investigating the health status of individuals and sportspersons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric characteristics and respiratory function parameters of rugby and soccer players. Methods: Forty-four players (rugby, n=22; soccer, n=22) were selected for the present study. They were free of musculoskeletal and respiratory disorders. Their age was 21.49±1.41 years, height 173.62±6.26 cm, weight 71.40±14.44 kg, BMI 22.70±4.26 kg/m2, PBF 17.35±12.27%, Fat Mass 24.43±13.61 kg, and LBM 55.98±7.26 kg. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were measured using a weighing scale cum stadiometer and a bioelectric impedance analyzer. Respiratory function was assessed using a handheld spirometer. Standard procedures were followed to measure the anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and respiratory function. Results: The results of the study demonstrated no significant differences in anthropometric characteristics and body composition between rugby and soccer players. The respiratory function parameters were insignificant for vital capacity (VC) (MWU=213, p=0.496), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (MWU=216, p=-0.541), forced expiratory volume in the first second divided by vital capacity (FEV/VC) (MWU=205.5, p=0.390), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) (MWU=224.5, p=0.681) among rugby and soccer players; only a significant difference was found in forced vital capacity (FVC) (MWU=142.5, p=0.019) in rugby and soccer players. Conclusion: Based on findings from the study, it can be concluded that rugby players have higher values for respiratory functions than soccer players. The findings of this study can inform future researchers, coaches, and team instructors regarding the preparation of rugby and soccer players for specific training and competitions.
Relationship Between Autonomy Support Coaching Perceived by Taekwondo Athletes and Interruption Intention: Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Oh Youngtaek , Cho Yoo-Jin
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between autonomy support coaching, emotional intelligence, and interruption intention as psychosocial variables among current taekwondo athletes in Korea. Methods: In this study, 217 professional and university athletes registered with the Korea Taekwondo Association in 2020 were evaluated for autonomy support coaching, emotional intelligence, and interruption intention. SPSS 18.0 and Amos 18.0 were used to analyze the collected data. Results: Autonomy support coaching recognized by taekwondo athletes had a negative and positive effect on interruption intention and emotional intelligence, respectively. Moreover, emotional intelligence has a negative effect on interruption intention. The mediating effect was validated based on direct effects, which revealed that autonomy support coaching had a negative effect on interruption intention through emotional intelligence. Conclusions: This research data should be preceded by the autonomy support coaching of a coach to understand the technique of emotional intelligence of university and adult taekwondo athletes. Such outcomes can serve as a foundation for athletes to have the opportunity to participate in sports in a mature manner and promote positive changes in sports culture.
Asia Jewelry Enterprises Using the Structural Equation Model and the Implication on the Korea Jewelry Industry
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Enkhtuvshin Enkhzaya , Yi Chae-Deug
Published: January 2023

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is investigating on how sustainable development goals can be reflected on the jewelry industry and what are the key factors to better the jewelry enterprises that influences on maintaining the sustainability of the sector. Design/Methodology/Approach – Based on the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), This research made empirical analysis on whether designated internal and external factors influence to the performance of Jewelry Enterprises and how these factors interact or influence on one another within the Jewelry Industry Ecosystem. Findings – This paper studies the performance of jewelry enterprises of Asia Jewelry Industries and its implications on Korea Jewelry Industry, positive or the negative impacts of internal and external factors, developing according to the Jewelry Industry Ecosystem. Research Implications – In the management of this paper, this study has significance in developing the Korea Jewelry Industry, further improving Asia jewelry industries that has less damage to the surroundings by unifying in shared vision focusing on “Sustainable Development Goals”.
Splitska romanička ikona Gospa od Žnjana
Authors: Matulić Bilač Žana
Published: January 2023

Gospa od Žnjana jedna je od najzagonetnijih hrvatskih ikona i jedno od nekolicine djela najstarijeg splitskog slikarstva. Iako je otkriveno da u svojoj slikanoj stratigrafiji nosi tri prikaza Bogorodice s Djetetom – njihova kronologija, sheme i slikarske tehnike nisu bile istražene. Projekt je obuhvatio restauriranje ikone te izradu analitičke mape skrivenih ikonografskih prikaza. Otklanjanje slojeva mlađih od 16. stoljeća provedeno je pod mikroskopom, kao i optička analitika, mapiranje, uzorkovanje i instrumentalno analiziranje slike in situ, dok su složeniji analitički postupci izvedeni u laboratorijima. Budući da je razlučeno da su prikazi nastali između 12.i 16. stoljeća, ikona je spomenik srednjovjekovnog slikarskog kontinuiteta u Dalmaciji. U radu se donosi kontekst istraživanja dalmatinskog slikarstva.
Čudotvorno raspelo u Čučerju
Authors: Škarić Ksenija
Published: January 2023

U potresu koji je pogodio Zagreb i okolicu 22. ožujka 2020. godine, teško je oštećena župna crkva Pohoda Blažene Djevice Marije u Čučerju, a od umjetnina koje se u njoj čuvaju, najteže je stradalo veliko raspelo koje je palo sa zida te se razlomilo u mnoštvo dijelova. Ta je nesretna okolnost skrenula pozornost na skulpturu koju je Hrvatski restauratorski zavod već sljedeće godine preuzeo na restauriranje. Arhivska i restauratorska istraživanja, koja su uslijedila, odškrinula su kapak prema fascinantnoj, a zaboravljenoj povijesti raspela.
Restoration in Zadar, Split and Pula between the Rapallo and Paris Treaties
Authors: Špikić Marko
Published: January 2023

The article discusses cases of restoration in Zadar (Zara), Split (Spalato) and Pula (Pola), performed in three historical periods by Italian and Yugoslav authorities. The interventions are located within a timeframe outlined by diplomatic arrangements between the Italian and South Slavic states, made in Rapallo in 1920 and Paris in 1947. They were revisionist, selective, discriminative, substitutive, integrative and reconstructive, and they are seen as reflexes of political realities and professional standards in fascist and early republican post-war Italy, as well as in the early communist Popular Republic of Croatia. The article also discusses the role of intellectuals in political agendas of the period under discussion.
Influence of production technology of powder high-speed steels on the complex of formed properties
Authors: Korotkova L. P. , Korotkov A. N.
Published: January 2023

The authors analyzed the state of tool production in Russia. The main manufacturing companies and the main brands of materials used in the production of domestic tools are highlighted. Powder high-speed steels are practically not used in the domestic market, but they are widely distributed in the foreign market of tool steels due to their significant advantages in terms of basic and technological properties (including the possibility of using high-carbon and high-alloy high-speed steels). There is a new group of economically alloyed tungsten-free high-speed steels with a high content of carbon and vanadium, which are practically impossible to manufacture and apply in our traditional technology due to low technological properties. The authors give recommendations on the technology of manufacturing such steels by powder metallurgy and on the modes of their heat treatment. The paper studies a set of properties of these steels, including: basic mechanical properties (hardness, bending strength, toughness, and heat resistance), basic technological properties (pressure, cutting, grinding) and operational properties (evaluated by tool durability during turning). Structural and phase compositions of the steels and their influence on the basic and technological properties were investigated. The compaction mode affects the density of the billets. The paper presents distribution of alloying elements in the microstructure of powder high-speed steel and results of their relative grindability. Also the durability of tools was tested. There are significant advantages of high-carbon high-vanadium high-speed steels, especially in terms of technological properties, compared with traditional high-speed steels. It is possible to produce high-alloy tool steels using inexpensive carbide-forming alloying elements. The steels under consideration can be used to manufacture a wide range of tools, including hot-forming die tools. The use of powder technology opens up the prospect of developing universal economically alloyed powder tool steels.
Strontium effect on the nature of phase equilibria in liquid metal containing calcium and aluminum
Authors: Mikhailov G. G. , Makrovets L. A. , Bakin I. V.
Published: January 2023

The use of complex strontium-containing alloys with alkaline-earth metals for steel out-of-furnace treatment makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the refining process and steel modifying. In this work based on the binary phase diagrams of SrO – CaO, SrO – Al2O3 , Al2O3 – CaO binary systems and data on possibility of the solid solution formation, the phase diagram of the SrO – Al2O3 – CaO system is modeled in the temperature range 1600 – 2600 °С. When constructing liquidus lines, the theories of perfect solutions (for solid solutions of strontium and calcium aluminates), regular solutions (for solid solutions of oxides) and irregular ionic solutions (for oxide melt) were used to calculate the activity of components. Thermodynamic analysis of the Fe – Sr – Ca – Al – O system was carried out as applied to the refining steel processes with alloys containing calcium and strontium at a temperature of 1600 °C. The simulation results showed that in in the process of refining the aluminium-deoxidized steel, a complex mechanism of interaction of active elements with oxygen will be realized. The interaction of calcium and strontium with oxygen occurs both for elements dissolved in iron and along the boundary of the gas phase containing calcium and strontium with the liquid iron melt. As a result of the interaction of calcium and strontium with oxygen in the presence of aluminium (0.05 %), the probability of formation of liquid oxide melts SrO – Al2O3 – CaO is high, which greatly facilitates the removal of reaction products from the melt. The resulting non-metallic inclusions are most likely to be complex calcium and strontium aluminates, which, due to the presence of strontium, are easily assimilated by slag. The formation of undesirable corundum inclusions during metal processing with complex alloys containing strontium and calcium is unlikely.
Why 100-Years After the Discovery of Insulin and the Appearance of Insulin-Induced Lipodystrophy: Are We Still Struggling with this Nasty Complication?
Authors:   Nefrocenter Research and Nyx Start-up, Naples, Italy, Gentile Sandro , Guarino Giuseppina ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Campania University ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’, Naples, Italy, Satta Ersilia ,   Nefrocenter Research and Nyx Start-up, Naples, Italy, Romano Carmine ,   Nefrocenter Research and Nyx Start-up, Naples, Italy, Strollo Felice ,   Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, IRCCS, San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
Published: January 2023

Since a century ago, insulin extracted from the animal pancreas has been used for therapeutic purposes. Lipoatrophy (LA) lesions came up first due to the impurities of preparations. However, as technology has progressed, we have had more purified insulin preparations available, now reduced to less than 5%. The 95% of local complications was represented by lipohypertrophy (LH), due to the recourse to narrow areas of skin, reuse of the same needle, injection of cold insulin. The average frequency of LH in the world is 47%, with peaks of 75%, reflecting the inappropriate educational activity of the diabetic teams. In this brief review, the causes of this failure are described, and feasible rehabilitative solutions are proposed.
The Stopping the Spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome through Relationship Engagement Study: An Opportunity for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention in African American Adolescents with HIV-Positive Mothers
Authors:   Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA, Amutah-Onukagha Ndidiamaka , Nicholson Vanessa ,   Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA, Antoine Yoann S. ,   Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA, Zabie Telesha ,   Windsor University, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada, Lacroix-Williamson Lorraine ,   Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Vigue Ruth ,   Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Bolarinwa Elizabeth ,   Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
Published: January 2023

In 2018 Blacks/African Americans made up 13% of the female population but accounted for 58% of diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among females.1 Studies show that women have always been underrepresented in HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) studies, however, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has further exacerbated the existing barriers in HIV research.2 Additionally, with social distancing guidelines in place due to COVID-19, research that requires partnership development with gatekeepers and community-based organizations may not effectively transition to virtual or other remote settings.2 Black women’s underrepresentation in HIV research is in part due to inadequate recruitment strategies.3 While we use technology to try to compensate for the lack of human connection in research due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has made recruitment more difficult.
Assessment of Eating Habits and Preconception and Gestational Nutritional Status of Women Who Attended the Prenatal Service of a Brazilian University Hospital
Authors:   Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Macedo Rafael M. , Aboud Arthur A. N. ,   Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Matos Arthur F. ,   Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, de Lima Filho Eduardo M. ,   Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Diniz Gabriel C. ,   Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Pinto Renata M. ,   Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil and Children´s Hospital of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
Published: January 2023

Introduction Adequate nutritional status should be seen as a fundamental point of prenatal care to avoid obstetric complications and promote the baby’s health. This study aimed to compare prenatal body mass index (BMI) and BMI for gestational age (GA) and lifestyle habits of high-risk and low-risk pregnant women at a Brazilian University Hospital. Methodology This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach using a questionnaire. Statistical analyzes were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The significance level adopted was 5% (p<0.05). Results The present research involved 78 pregnant women, 51.3% of whom were low-risk. Most pregnant women (73.1%) did not practice physical activity and, among those who did, most reported practicing between 2 and 3-hours per week of light activity. In addition, most (57.7%) interviewees reported sleeping more than 7-hours a night. The pre-pregnancy BMI was adequate in only 34.6% of the patients, while 59% were overweight (overweight or obese); at the time of the interview, BMI for gestational age was normal in only 28.2%, and 66.7% had a BMI reflecting overweight. Consumption of sweets during the week showed significant variation: the high-risk group had a higher percentage of patients who did not consume sweets during the week (44.7%) compared to the low-risk group (20%). Furthermore, while in the high-risk group, only 7.9% consumed sweets 5 to 7 times a week, 30% of the low-risk group consumed sweets 5 to 7 times a week. Conclusion The evaluated pregnant women have a prevalence of excess weight of 66.6%, higher than that of Brazilian women (53.9%). Comparison between preconception BMI and BMI for GA showed a tendency to persist in the pre-pregnancy classification; when there was a change in the distribution of the BMI classification, this occurred with a reduction in the number of underweight, eutrophic, and overweight women and an increase in the percentage of pregnant women with obesity. The diet, in general, was sufficient in terms of micronutrients and fiber, but with high consumption of sweets by low-risk pregnant women. In addition, the proportion of sedentary pregnant women is extremely high. Our study shows the importance of promoting healthy habits during prenatal care to improve pregnant women’s nutritional diagnosis
“The Bignetti Model”: A Review
Authors:   Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy, Bignetti Enrico
Published: January 2023

Most people believe in the freedom of their will, so they are convinced to decide their own voluntary actions, without being controlled by God, fate, or circumstances. Though, the cognitive success of a learning curve depends on a statistical correlation between the prior experience and the posterior effect. Since long ago, several scientific pieces of evidence denied the existence of free-will (FW). Our scientific work contributed to corroborating the idea that FW might be an illusion of the mind; then, the belief that our conscious mind might exhibit decisional ability without any form of external control, is nonsense. Since that, we may exclude that our conscious mind could host a “soul-inhabited self ” or a “ghost of the machine”; if anything, it could host a sort of witness with a specific critical sense towards incoming experiences. Then, the intriguing question was how the mind could anyway exhibit cognition and behavior. Our answer was that our mind emerges from the brain as a probabilistic-deterministic computational machine with a self-oriented, cognitive, autopoietic purpose; to this aim, a virtual Ego-FW binomial is genetically installed in the mind in place of a real, concrete, independent Ego-FW binomial. According to psychophysical “push-no-push” experiments, we observed that learning curves show classic Bayesian behavior, i.e. the positive experience of a trial will ameliorate the further one. Then, we concluded that the action decision mechanism is elaborated by a computational mechanism genetically installed in the brain of all people, while the experience gained in everyday life is the epigenetic force that modifies the memory archive, thus contributing to shaping personal identity (PI). The 1st-person perspective (1PP) and the 3rd-person perspective (3PP) play a crucial role in these processes. 1PP is the emotive, subjective side of the conscious mind; it deludes to decide and control the actions according to the freedom of its will but it may move around only as an avatar in a virtual game. On the contrary, 3PP is the objective and rational perspective of the conscious mind; it works as an external witness of the constrained activity of 1PP. Obviously, while reacting in response to a stimulus, the subject is on the 1PP side of the conscious mind; thus, she/he cannot accept the idea that FW might be an illusion; paradoxically, the false belief in FW is the necessary condition of the mind to get the best cognition and behavior. In conclusion, we have investigated these mechanisms of human cognition and behaviour in over 20-years of work; in the meanwhile, we have elaborated “The Bignetti Model”, a human cognitive model compatible with these results.
How to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration/Biopsy of Pancreatic Lesions?
Authors:   Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, P. O. Box. 19835-178, Tehran 19857, Iran, Alizadeh Amir H. M.
Published: January 2023

A endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/B) of pancreatic solid and cystic lesions is a modality, which huge numbers of articles has showed its high diagnostic accuracy. The degree of technical difficulty, size and type of needle, endoscopic technique, use of suction to aspirate tissue, use or not use of a stylet in the needle assembly, maneuvers to have high quality tissue, availability of an on-site cytopathologist, and, finally, end sonographer’s experience and skills who does the procedure have impact on the EUS-FNA results. Standard 19-G and 22-G fine-needle aspiration needles with or without high negative pressure have proven to be reliable in obtaining high-quality histologic samples in various indications. Twenty-five-gauge (25-gauge) needles provide better diagnostic yield when sampling pancreatic lesions compared with 22-G needles. The novel 19-G and 22-G ProCore™ needles have demonstrated a high yield in obtaining histologic samples, whereas 25-G. ProCore™ seems unsuitable for histology. A cytopathology service should be involved early in the planning process for establishing an EUS-FNA service. Data on the newly developed 20-G ProCore™, SharkCore® and Acquire® needles are limited, but appear very promising. Use of the stylet does not increase the yield of endoscopic ultrasonography-fine-needle aspiration and is more cumbersome to use. In perspective, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is expected to refine differential diagnostic capabilities, favor widespread EUS utilization, and pave the road to targeted therapies and monitoring of treatment response. Approximately 3 to 5 passes should be sufficient to obtain a diagnosis. We need further studies for assessment of the use of Suction, Capillary (“Slow-Pull”), Wet and Fanning techniques.
Studying the efficiency of carbon nano enterosorbents in the model of experimental renal failure
Authors: NT Ablaikhanova , GA Tusupbekova , A Beissova , B Ussipbek , AM Mukhitdinov , A Yessenbekova , ZA Balmaganbet , B Ursheeva , GK Atanbayeva , ZB Yessimsiitova
Published: January 2023

The current article examines the effectiveness of nanoenterosorbent to correct violations of the functional state of the kidneys in the experimental renal failure model. The obtained data open up opportunities for further research aimed at studying the possibility of using nanoenterosorbent in practical medicine as a new nanoenterosorbent and a means of drug delivery. The study was conducted in the following groups of animals: group 1 - control group; group 2 - an experimental model of acute renal failure; group 3 - nanoenterosorbent was administered intragastrically at a dose of 650 mg/kg per day to animals with acute renal failure. During the experiment for 3, 14 and 21 days, an analysis of biochemical parameters was obtained from each group. During the investigation, intragastric administration of the nanoenterosorbent did not reduce the dynamics of experimental uremia but reduced the concentration of level of molecular of average mass within 3 days, it also did not improve the functional state of the kidneys according to the readings of urea and creatinine for 14 days after the formation of renal failure, however, it statistically reduced endogenous intoxication according to EI data. Daily intragastric administration of nanoenterosorbent at a dose of 650 mg/kg after the formation of renal failure reduced uremia (urea, creatinine levels) and endogenous intoxication (level of molecular of average mass) after 21 days. Based on the studies, it was found that animals that received nanoenterosorbent at a daily dose of 650 mg/kg, show an optimal improvement in some biochemical parameters.
Quality of life, sexual satisfaction, anxiety and depression status in lymphoma survivors
Authors: Serife Solmaz , Tugba Cetintepe , Dogus Turkyilmaz , Nuri Asik , Fatih Demirkan , Mehmet Ali Ozcan , Hayri Guner Ozsan , Bulent Undar , Oktay Bilgir , Ahmet Alacacioglu , Inci Alacacioglu
Published: January 2023

Objective: The progressive development of lymphoma therapies has led to an important prolongation of patient survival. We aimed to investigate anxiety, depression, sexual satisfaction and health-related quality of life status in these lymphoma survivors. We examined the effects of depression, anxiety and sexual satisfaction on the quality of life. Materials and methods: In a prospective study, the data were collected from fifty lymphoma survivors. We used six forms. These forms consist of sociodemographic features, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scala (BHS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI I-II), Golombock-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) and European Organization for Research on the treatment of Cancer Questionnaires Quality of Life (QoL) - C30 questionnaires. Results: The mean age of the patients was 50,2 ± 14,8 (20 – 75) years, and 50% of them were females. In our study, we found that 26% of the patients had high depression values above the cutoff (≥ 17 of BDI score). The mean depression score of the patients was 10,6 ± 8 (0 - 32) and the mean hopelessness score was 5,7 ± 4,5 (0 - 19). The patients whose anxiety and depression scores were high role, cognitive and emotional functioning of EORTC-QLQ-C30 was found statistically significantly low. The mean STAI-I score of the patients was 35,6 ± 11,3 (22-73) and the mean STAI-II score was 41,4 ± 10,6 (23 - 67). Statistical significance in terms of emotional and social functioning was found in the patients with high anxiety scores. When all patients were evaluated with respect to GRISS, we found high scores (> 5) for frequency, communication, vaginusmus and premature ejaculation. We compared the EORTC-QoL-C30 scores and GRISS of the patients. There was an association between emotional dysfunction with high scores of frequency (p = 0.040). Also, there was an association between low scores of role functioning with high scores of avoidance and premature ejaculation (p = 0.015, p = 0.003). However, there was a significant correlation between low scores of global QoL with high scores of avoidance, communication, and touch. There was no statistically significant difference between the anxiety and depression levels of the patient according to gender. But, some functional scales including role function (p = 0.001), social function (p = 0.001) and cognitive function (p = 0.027) were lower in female patients. Conclusion: The lymphoma survivors had high anxiety and depression scores, reduced sexual functioning and low functioning scales of QoL. There was an association between sexual dysfunction low role, emotional functioning and global QoL scores in patients.
Community manager en centros educativos de infantil y primaria. Un estudio de caso
Authors: Flores-Jaramillo Samanta , Trabadela-Robles Javier
Published: January 2023

The consolidation of social media as a form of institutional communication makes it necessary to incorporate specialised workers in this area. Thus, the figure of the community manager and his or her professional skills become very important. The research is based on the hypothesis that primary schools need to have a community manager or a designated worker in place, to carry out their core functions, as better and faster communication between centres and families is becoming essential. This study is an analysis of the inclusion of this professional profile in Primary Schools in Extremadura (Spain). A survey was designed and sent to all the schools, and the social media profiles of the schools were analysed. After processing the data obtained, the results show that the incorporation of this professional profile in the centres is not very widespread in the region analysed. However, primary school management teams are understanding the need for proper management and communication on social media in order to offer the best possible service to their stakeholders.
Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza basado en la velocidad de ejecución en pelotaris U-23
Authors: Villanueva Guerrero Oscar , Insausti Galilea Javier , Mejías Martínez Marina , Gadea Uribarri Héctor , Sola Aguilera Marta , Mainer Pardos Elena
Published: January 2023

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto que tiene el entrenamiento de fuerza basado en la velocidad sobre el rendimiento en jugadores de pelotaris. Los participantes del estudio fueron cinco varones sub 23. Los sujetos realizaron el entrenamiento de fuerza dos veces a la semana durante 8 semanas. Las variables de rendimiento que se evaluaron fueron el salto con contramovimiento (CMJ), sentadilla y press banca a partir de un test de carga-velocidad. El efecto que tuvo el programa de entrenamiento fue calculado en base a la media de los resultados obtenidos en el pre-test y post-test, en base a la prueba t-student, al tamaño del efecto y a la correlación entre las variables analizadas. Como resultado, hubo mejoras significativas tanto en la variable press banca (p=.03; tamaño de efecto (TE=3.03) como en el CMJ (p=.03; TE=1.30) y en la sentadilla (p=.05; TE=1.07). Finalmente, parece ser que el programa de entrenamiento basado en la velocidad de ejecución mejora el rendimiento físico en pelotaris sub23.
Educación a distancia "una innovación técnica para un cambio en la administración de la Educación Superior"
Authors: Ortega Velásquez Manuel
Published: January 2023

Educación a Distancia es una clase nueva y diferente de servicios académicos a nivel superior, servida por la Universidad de Antioquia y administrada por la Facultad de Educación.
Revisión bibliográfica: Reordenamientos cromosómicos y especiación animal Parte I
Authors: Camargo Mauricio
Published: January 2023

Debido a limitaciones de espacio, la presente revisión se publicará en dos partes. La Parte II aparecerá en el Vol. 10, No. 38.Para información de los lectores a continuación se da el contenido del material que se discutirá en la presente revisión.
Microclima del bosque
Authors: Uribe de Camargo A.
Published: January 2023

Las plantas ejercen una acción sobre el microclima. A medida que crecen, cambian tamaño y forma, afectando el contenido de calor y la humedad del suelo y el aire, debido a la intercepción de la radiación y la precipitación por intermedio de hojas y ramas y también reduciendo las corrientes de aire dentro del bosque.El bosque tiene un microclima muy diferente con respecto al de las otras clases de vegetación. En el bosque existen un espacio de aire encerrado en el área de troncos, con clima diferentes al del área abierta y al del piso del bosque. Dependiendo de muchos factores, tales como: clase de árboles, su edad y su estructura, la topografía del área y la naturaleza del suelo, el microclima puede variar en diferentes lugares del bosque o en diferentes bosques.
La enseñanza de la biología, modelo de una invitación a razonar
Authors: Velásquez L. F.
Published: January 2023

Dentro de las recomendaciones más modernas para la enseñanza de la ciencia, está la de no tratar a esta como una serie de verdades absolutas, sino como un proceso de "indagación".
Práctica de Laboratorio
Authors: Curso de Biología BSCS
Published: January 2023

Introducción al EStudio de la Fotosíntesis y la Respiración.Objetivos.Observar las evidencias de la utilización del CO2 y el O2 en el proceso de la fotosíntesis y la respiración, y demostrar la interdependencia entre animales y plantas.
Algunos aspectos sobre el procesamiento del DNA
Authors: Bedoya G. , Barrera L. F.
Published: January 2023

A partir del momento en que se identifica el DNA como material genético, aparecen una serie de interrogantes con respecto a la forma en que esta molécula produce un fenotipo determinado dentro de una especie o hace que se diferencien las especies entre sí, sabiendo que todas poseen dicho DNA como material genético.
Daños producidos por dos microorganismos no identificados en las células epiteliales del intestino medio de Anopheles albimanus Weideman.
Authors: Mulett Ch. José
Published: January 2023

El mosquito Anopheles albimanus tiene una amplia distribución en América que va desde el Sur de Estados Unidos hasta los países de Sur América, especialmente los de la parte Norte como Colombia, Venezuela, Perú y Ecuador. (Informe del Departamento de Agricultura U.S.A. 1959).
Análisis genético cuantitativo de cinco rasgos morfológicos dentarios
Authors: Blanco Rafael , Rothhammer Francisco , Olarte Gustavo , Palomino Hernan , Justiniano Margarita
Published: January 2023

Evidencia preliminar sobre el grado de determinación genética de varios caracteres dentarios fue obtenida utilizando información familiar colectada en la comunidad andina de Socaire (67º 57. Oeste 23º 32' Sur).Las correlaciones familiares padre-hijo y hermano-hermano más altas se obtuvieron para los rasgos conformación oclusal de los molares de los molares superiores (Forma: 4: rpH 0.64, rHH 0.30; Forma 3: rpH 0.68, rHH 0.17), área oclusal de los molares superiores (rpH 0.66, rHH 0.20) y diente en pala de los incisivos centrales superiores (rpH 0.20, rHH 0.33).Se discute la importancia que los rasgos dentarios con alta heredabilidad puedan tener para el estudio de la microdiferenciación humana.
Niveles de contaminación por detergentes y su influencia en las comunidades bénticas del río Rionegro
Authors: Pérez Gonzalo , Roldán P. Gabriel
Published: January 2023

El establecimiento de una comunidad en un ecosistema obedece a un proceso evolutivo, en el cual los factores tanto bióticos como abióticos han alcanzado un estado de interacción estable.Cuando una condición desfavorable, tal como los detergentes, se hace presente en los ecosistemas, se detectan cambios cualitativos y cuantitativos en la estructura de las comunidades del ecosistema.Para buscar cuales han sido los cambios que se han operado en las comunidades acuáticas en el río Rionegro debido a la contaminación por detergentes, se establecieron cinco estaciones desde El Tablazo hasta Riotex y se hizo en cada una de ellas un muestreo mensual a lo largo de un año de estudio. El estudio fisicoquímico se hizo con la ayuda de un colorímetro Hach y el biológico se llevó a cabo mediante el análisis de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos que habitan en el fondo del río. A través del presente estudio se pudo detectar un estado avanzado de deterioro ecológico del río Rionegro, debido a la acción de los desechos industriales y domésticos producidos por la ciudad de Rionegro y su zona industrial.
Algas y Medicina
Authors: Arboleda P. Ovidio
Published: January 2023

Se sabe que ciertas sustancas tóxicas producidas por razas de diferentes especies de algas, que proliferan en depósitos de aguas dulces, representan un peligro para la salud del hombre y de muchos animales, tales como el ganado vacuno, caballos, cerdos, aves y peces. Lo mismo ocurre para animales marinos, especialmente peces, y ostras, cuando aparecen las llamadas "mareas rojas" comunes en las costas del Atlántico y el pacífico de los Estados Unidos.
Observaciones sobre prionodactylus vertebralis (Sauria: Teiidae), en el departamento del Valle
Authors: Benalcázar César E. , Silva C. Fabiola c.
Published: January 2023

Prionodactylus vertebralis son microtéidos crípticos pero frecuentes en los bosques húmedos de la cordillera occidental al oeste de la ciudad de Cali. Son activos entre la hojarasca y las oquedades del piso en días soleados, pero se esconden cuando se oculta el sol. En días oscuros y fríos permanecen ocultos.
Estudio del Pseudosuccinea columella, huésped intermediario de Fasciola hepática
Authors: Moreno M. J. , Patiño R.
Published: January 2023

La Fasciola hepática, es un parásito de amplia distribución geográfica, clasificado en el Phlum Platelminta, Clase Tremátoda, Subclase Digenea, Género Fasciola, Especie hepática. Esta especie afecta principalmente al ganado vacuno y otros animales, tales como ovinos, caprinos, equinos, etc. Se debe conocer este parásito porque causa grandes pérdidas económicas en el campo pecuario, y en forma ocasional y esporádica en el hombre.
Distribución altitudinal y ecología de dos especies de aves simpátricas: Turdus ignobilis ignobilis (Mayo) y Thraupis episcopus cana (Azulejo).
Authors: Serna D. M. A.
Published: January 2023

Los datos para el presente trabajo fueron reunidos entre el 23 de julio de 1974 y el 29 de diciembre de 1975.Fue escogida el área comprendida en el cañón de la Quebrada la Iguaná, desde su desembocadura en el Río Medellín hasta su origen en Boquerón, con una extensión de unos 15 km., por presentar características especiales, tales como: unas zonas altamente influenciadas por el hombre y otras en estado casi natural; una altura sobre el nivel del mar comprendida entre los 1.538 m y los 3.100 m., en la cual se pudo establecer la distribución altitudinal para Turdus ignobilis ignobilis en 2.166 m. y para Thraupis episcopus cana en 2.630 m.Con respecto a su localización sobre el suelo (estratificación), Th. Episcopus cana ocupa siempre una posición más alta que T. Ignobilis ignobilis, el cual se encuentra frecuentemente sobre el suelo, lo cual no es normal para Th. Episcopus cana.