bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defense mechanisms of persons with locomotor disabilities
Authors: Eranimos Boban , Thankappan Surya
Published: December 2019

Background: According to World Health Organization 1, billion people -15% of the World population lives with various disabilities. Disabilities restricts individual’s participation of social life and this create limiting the maximum utilization of resources and hence the person crippled with psychological issues. Persons with disabilities were used various defense mechanisms as coping strategies to survive and compensate with their disabilities. The present study investigates the types of defense mechanisms used by persons with locomotor disabilities.

Materials and methods: The total sample consists of 100 participants which include 50 males and 50 females. Among them 46 participants were congenitally disabled and 54 were acquired disabled. The participant’s age ranges between 18-60 years. The descriptive survey method was used for the present study and purposive sampling method adopted for sample selection. Defensive Behaviour Rating Scale (Sathya Giri Rajan, 1991) was used for data collection. The data was analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16 for windows.  

Results: Female participants with locomotor disability have reported more reaction formation than male participants with locomotor disability.  In the comparison of defense mechanisms of participants with locomotor disability with respect to their gender, male participants have reported more compensation, projection, identification, belittling and reaction formation and significantly lower repression than females. Females have reported significantly more daydreaming than males. Persons with congenital disability have higher sublimation than persons with an acquired disability.

Conclusion: Researchers have long been fascinated by man’s defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms are commonly used to protect the sense of self and help to defend people from painful emotions. In the present study, the investigator attempts to find out defense mechanisms of persons with locomotor disability and evaluation were made how they cope with the situation in relation to their nature of disability. The present study found that people with locomotor disability use both adaptive and maladaptive defense mechanisms, predominantly maladaptive defenses.
Developmental disabilities: Barriers in early identification
Authors: Mathew Rincymol
Published: December 2019

Background: A healthy active child is a promise for healthy and productive future generation. But sometimes a baby is born with apparent defects or develop disturbances in intellectual, motor and social functioning in early childhood.  This may be due to due to impaired development of the nervous system. It is estimated that in India 2.21% of the population is affected with disabilities out of which a major portion is contributed by disabilities of childhood origin. Developmental disabilities include limitations in function resulting from disorders of the developing nervous system. These limitations manifest during infancy   or childhood   as delays in reaching developmental milestones or lack of function in one or multiple domains including cognition, motor performance, vision, hearing and behavior. Early identification of the disabilities combined with initiation of appropriate medical, educational, social and psychological interventions can maximize the health outcome and minimize the impact of disability. This paper discusses the barriers identified in early intervention of developmental disabilities.

Materials and methods: Qualitative Sample:  Parents of children affected with developmental disabilities, Primary School Teachers, Special Educators, Nursing personnel working in the clinical setting. Sample subjects were selected from local schools, and hospital by purposive sampling. Method of data collection:  Focus group discussion. Instruments used: Self developed questionnaire to conduct discussion.

Results: The major themes evolved as the barriers in adoption of early intervention programmes were grouped under 7 categories namely intellectual, attitudinal, social, cultural, technological, political and economic barriers. 

Conclusion: The study findings suggest direction regarding possible steps to facilitate enhancement of early intervention services by an exploration of the role played by different barriers.
Effect of guideline on positioning of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Soniya P.S.
Published: December 2019

Background: Developmentally Supportive Care is a broad category of interventions that is designed to minimize the stress of the NICU environment which include care such as control of external stimuli, clustering of nursery care activities, and positioning or swaddling of the preterm infant so as to provide a sense of containment similar to the intrauterine experience. The preterm neonates often lack adequate muscle tone and are at risk for developing abnormal movement pattern as well as skeleton deformation. Positioning is one of the important aspects of Developmentally Supportive Care to keep the baby comfortable. It is a basic neonatal nursing care and includes keeping the baby in supine, prone and side lying. As postural stability is a foundational milestone for motor development and premature infants are unable to exhibit postural stability without support, standardizing the definition of optimal positioning will lead to consistency in practice.  A neonatal positioning guideline implemented in NICU will help in the growth and development of preterm neonates.

Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in NICU of a tertiary medical College Hospital, Bangalore. It was an experimental study. Neonatal nurses who were involved in preterm infants care were selected by purposive sampling. Sample size was calculated based on the study by Jeansonetal. Pretest and posttest practices were assessed by taking the average of two observations for each nurse using infant positioning Assessment tool (IPAT). The nurses were trained by lecture followed by practical demonstration of neonatal positioning guidelines. After one week post test was repeated. Paired T test was used for comparing the positioning in pre and post intervention.

Results: Pre-test practice concludes that100% (25) of the staff nurses were in the category of ‘need for repositioning’ and 100% (25) of the nurses were in the category of ‘acceptable positioning’ in post-test (P <0.001) with respect to all the positioning parameters. The mean Pretest score was 4.14 ±1.02 and post test mean score was 10.17 ± 0.57(P <0.001). There was a significant association in practice score with respect to years of experience in NICU (P<0.05).

Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in the infant positioning scores in the post test after introducing the positioning guidelines and training the nurses, compared to the pretest scores.
Effectiveness of Entonox use in pain and comfort level of parturient mothers during first stage of labor
Authors: James Sruthi
Published: December 2019

Background: Natural childbirth is a beautiful experience with many safe options and benefits. Labor pain is widely viewed as being nothing more than the perception of unpleasant sensation. Many methods have been used for pain relief which constitutes non-pharmacological methods such as relaxation therapy and others are by pharmacological agents. Entonox, homogenous gas mixture of 50:50 nitrous oxide and oxygen, a form of inhalation analgesia is very effective in reducing pain and thereby progressing to painless vaginal delivery. The usage of Entonox is known worldwide, however its usage in Kerala is comparably very less. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of inhalation analgesia (Entonox) in pain and comfort during first stage of labor among parturient mothers.

Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental pretest – posttest control group with 60 mothers (30 each in experimental and control) was the adopted design with parturient mothers in 37-40 weeks of gestation from selected hospitals in Kollam, Kerala. Demographic proforma, visual analogue scale and comfort assessment checklist were the tools used. The statistically significant relationships were identified by descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical clearance was granted by the committee in Kollam, Kerala.

Results: Out of 60, 45% of the mothers were in the age group of 24-29 years, 35 % had undergone upper primary education, 61.7% were primi gravidae and 55% of them were in the gestational age of 39-40 weeks. The mean post interventional pain score of the experimental group was lower than that of control group (4.07/9.93, p < 0.05). Also, the mean post interventional comfort score of the experimental group was lower than that of control group (7.37/15.77, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Entonox provides significant pain relief and improves comfort and it can be quickly implemented during painful labor. By further exploration and research studies would help the mothers be free to choose the harmless Entonox during labor.
Poly cystic ovarian disease (PCOD) - a modifiable risk factor of infertility: A quasi-experimental research from South India
Authors: Betty K.D.
Published: December 2019

Background: India has a population of 1.2 billion, nearly 30 million couples in the country suffer from infertility, in which female infertility is caused mainly by PCOD (40%). In Kerala, adolescent girls’ population comprises 7% and the prevalence is 15% (Annual vital report of statistics report 2015). The unhealthy eating habits and lack of exercise leads to PCOD. Therefore, as a nurse, the investigator has a pivotal role in creating awareness about the modification of lifestyle and prevention of future complications. The investigator observed that many students are diagnosed with PCOD during their physical training screening.

Materials and methods: Quantitative research approach, using quasi-experimental one group pre-test – post- test design was adopted to collect data by non-probability convenient sampling from 48 adolescent girls between 17-20 years those who were studying first year B.Sc. nursing in a private nursing college, Kerala. Demographic characteristics were age, religion, weight, family history, previous knowledge and knowledge questionnaire consisted of 30 questions with 4 options regarding poly cystic ovarian disease.

Results: Out of 48 subjects, majority (79.2%) were in the age group of 19-20 years, 47.9% were in the group of weight from 50-60 kg and 33.3% had menstrual problems. Majority 89.6% were not having family history and only 38.3% had previous knowledge. Pre- test  showed that majority (97.91%) had average level of score, whereas in the post test majority (91.6%) adolescents had good knowledge regarding poly cystic ovarian disease. The calculated t value 19.79 at 0.05 level of significance indicated that the structured teaching programme was effective. The chi- square value was lower than the table value at 0.05 level showed that there was no significant association between knowledge and their selected demographic variables.

Conclusion: Structured teaching programme regarding had improved the knowledge level of adolescent girls about poly cystic ovarian disease.
Potential challenges in conducting clinical trials with mixed methods approach
Authors: Ibnas Muhamed , Asim M. , Sathian B.
Published: December 2019

Background: Clinical trial is being conducted to assess the safety, efficacy and/or dosage regimen of a drug or therapeutic intervention in human subjects which are carefully selected on predetermined criteria. On the other hand, qualitative research is open-ended focuses on the depth of understanding of issues that are beyond the scope of quantitative analysis. Although, quantitative method is predominated in clinical research; over the past decade qualitative approach is being recognized for its value and unique contributions and is increasingly incorporated in clinical research. The combination of these two approaches in a single study is referred as Mixed Method design. Herein, we aim to explore the major challenges and pitfalls in conducting clinical trials with mixed method approach.

Materials and methods: We reviewed the published literature in English language through the research engines (PubMed and Google Scholar) involving clinical trials/studies with mixed method approach to look for the potential challenges and issues identified during the conduct of mixed method research (MMR).

Results: There are various issues in conducting clinical trials with mixed methods approach as it is time consuming, requires expertise, skills and methodological training for both quantitative and qualitative research. Also, there are a number of challenges observed while conducting MMR, such as obtaining informed consent, safety events reporting, data retrieval, study documentation, data confidentiality and storage, inappropriate integration and interpretation of the data as well as incorrect ordering, preferences and objective of each method.

Conclusion: Use of hybrid approach in clinical trial can provide deeper understanding and insights of research question with higher validity and reliability. MMR has certain challenges which can be overcome by in-depth methodological training and collaboration. Therefore, strong collaboration between clinical and social scientists in necessary to design a competitive funding grant for mixed method research. Finally, integration and implementation of MMR is crucial for conducting pragmatic trials.
Problem relating to framing of hypothesis in legal research
Authors: Gigi P.V.
Published: December 2019

A hypothesis is the starting point of any investigation or inquiry in the process of legal research. For any research to begin, it is always initiated with a problem of inquiry. It is called a tentative statement or generation or assumption or proposition. Whatever it may be, it has to be very clear, simple and definite without any creeping ambiguity therein. The condition attached to it that a hypothesis must be empirically verifiable, testable and comparable with the observed facts regarding a phenomenon or an experience. The formulation of a hypothesis gives direction to arrange the facts. In fact, a hypothesis occupies indispensable portion for any investigation or inquiry. It gives direction in regarding to collection of evidence. It makes observation and experiment possible. It proceeds in a direction to find out answer to the problem saving time, money and energy. Three things are very much essential knowledge, experience and capacity. A researcher has to form hypothesis based on them. We cannot admit anything as valid knowledge until a satisfactory test of the validity of the hypothesis. A researcher cannot satisfy even with results in which he still finds the same occurrence. In a certain place, for example delinquency is found in another area the hypothesis that delinquency in general is due to poverty is false, since other factors than poverty are operative in the production of delinquency among the wealthy. Undoubtedly the test in the first area was correct for that area at the particular time. But delinquency in general cannot be assumed to be due to poverty. So testing of hypothesis is big problem in legal research. If the testing of hypothesis is wrong there ends the research.
Quality of life patients on hemodialysis in Kerala
Authors: Mathews Tessy Grace , Mathew E.
Published: December 2019

Background: End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is on the rise in the recent years which carries with it emotional, physical, psychological, social, and existential burdens that impact their Quality of life (QOL). The QOL describes life satisfaction and life concerns and are affected by health and illness. Maintenance of QOL with the effects of chronic illness is a challenging, multifaceted, complex endeavour for patients, their families and the health professionals. Objective: To assess the kidney disease related quality of life in patients with ESRD, its association with selected demographic, socio economic, disease and treatment related characteristics of ESRD patients.

Materials and methods: Descriptive survey was conducted on 112 participants diagnosed with ESRD and on hemodialysis at least for a minimum duration of 1 month, were recruited from both government and private hospitals through purposive sampling as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOLTM-36) and Personal Data Sheet were used to assess the QOL and to obtain information as per the objectives. Descriptive analysis and Chi square test were used to analyze the data.

Results: Majority of the ESRD subjects had poor quality of life in all the domains, higher proportion being in the burden of illness (71.4%) and effects of illness (68.8%) domains. There was a significant association between the burden of illness and marital status(p=.01), type of bystander(p=.01); symptom and type of bystander(p=.03)

Conclusion: Majority of the ESRD patients had low KDQOL scores indicating poor quality of life in all the domains requiring intervention. This emphasizes the need to identify as well as manage QOL among them and develop appropriate intervention
Retirement time planning of Indian expatriate in Umm Al Quwain region, a quasi experimental study from UAE
Authors: Thundiparampil Smitha J.
Published: December 2019

Background: United Nations (2015) projected that the numbers of older persons (60+) grow from 901 million to 1.4 billion by 2030 and reach 2.1 billion in 2050 (WHO). Help Age India reported that the elderly population will reach to 143 million by 2021. Kerala has highest percentage of elderly almost 12.6 per cent of the population (Ministry of statics, 2016). Today’s changed work-life, youngster’s attitude, family and social structures, emigration of young family members has resulted in exclusion and emotional deprivation among the elderly forced to lead a lonely life. The survey was an attempt to investigate the Expatriate Keralite Individual attitude on their post retirement time planning.

Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study was used to assess the attitudes of post retirement time plans among the 20 selected expatriate Keralite by using interview technique.

Result: Only 35% of the sample feels that it is necessary to plan for our retirement period. Half of the sample works for private firms and there is no security for them once they leave their job. Even though there is a need for planning their post retirement period they have not even think about it because they perceived that their family members feel sad to hear that they are coming back because they are only the source of income for their dependents. Ninety percentage of the sample did not realized that they have completed almost half part of their life and it is time for them to think wisely to plan ahead for their time left out to live.

Conclusion: Majority had not even started to think on about changes in life styles, activities and relationships. They need to be counseled to plan their time in post-retirement by time calculator and Middle age is the correct period to start planning what he or she will do in their second half of life.
Editorial Vol.2(1)
Authors: Mathema Suraj R. B.
Published: December 2019

Not available.
A Viable Rehabilitation Approach with Maxillary Cast Partial Denture and Mandibular Over Denture - A Case Report
Authors: Pradhan Bismita , Joshi S P , Verma A
Published: December 2019

Prosthodontic rehabilitation is indicated to restore function, esthetics and phonetics. The prosthetic options for rehabilitation of partial edentulism include removable partial dentures (RPD), over dentures, and implant supported prosthesis. Any tooth replacement should be performed by a detailed evaluation of the existing dental situation and functional condition of the patient. Besides, the risks, benefits and costs of the selected treatment modality should be discussed with the patient. Choice of prosthetic treatment modality is mainly determined by the patient’s needs and expectations, social and economic aspects, educational level, as well as the general health status, oral functional benefits, esthetics, prognosis of the remaining teeth and patient motivation to maintain oral hygiene. This clinical report describes rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with maxillary cast partial denture (CPD) and mandibular tooth supported over denture.
ORNITOCENOSIS DE MONTE RAMONAL EN SANTO DOMINGO PROVINCIA, VILLA CLARA, CUBA
Authors: Armiñana-García Rafael , Olivera-Bacallao Damaris , Fimia-Duarte Rigoberto , Alarcón- Elbal Pedro María , Aldaz-Cárdenas Jaime Wilfrido , Niebla-Pérez Belkis , Iannacone Jose Alberto
Published: December 2019

En esta investigación se realiza una evaluación de la ornitocenosis presente en “Monte Ramonal”, municipio de Santo Domingo, provincia Villa Clara, Cuba, en los meses de diciembre de 2017 y abril de 2018 respectivamente. La formación vegetal donde se realizaron los estudios fue el bosque semideciduo mesófilo, sobre un suelo de mal drenaje. Para los conteos de la avifauna se tomó un transepto de aproximadamente 800 m de largo, dadas las características de la vegetación, el área analizada fue de 11,200m2 (una ha aproximadamente). Se determinó la estructura sistemática, gremios, riqueza de especies, similitud, disimilitud, diversidad y equitatividad de la avifauna. Se detectaron un total de 34 especies de aves, pertenecientes a 18 familias y 9 órdenes, el orden mejor representado fue passeriformes con 10 familias y 21 especies. Del total de especies reportadas 4 géneros (50%), 7 especies (33,3%) y 16 subespecies (22,8%), son endémicas. En el mes de diciembre se distinguen 8 grupos tróficos y 9 en el mes de abril. El índice de similitud obtenido fue de 66,6%. Se obtuvo una diversidad de 2,90 y 2,57, así como una equitatividad de 2,02 y 1,86, siendo los parámetros de diversidad y equitatividad algo mayores en el mes de diciembre que en el mes de abril
MODELO DE APRENDIZAJE PARA LA GENERACIÓN Y ALCANCE COGNITIVO TECNOLÓGICO EN BIOMEDICINA
Authors: Argota-Pérez George , Almeida-Galindo José , Solano-García Cecilia , Lara- Huallcca Clemente , Aquije-García Rosa , Reyes-Ruiz María , Reyes-Ruiz Luzmila
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue proponer un modelo de aprendizaje para la generación y alcance cognitivo tecnológico en biomedicina. A partir, de considerar las palabras claves: learning model, cognitive technology domain, biomedicine en la plataforma ScienceDirect se realizó una búsqueda de los últimos tres años completos (2018, 2017, 2016), además, de lo publicado hasta la fecha del presente año 2019. Se consideró solamente el artículo de investigación y las revistas: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine; Future Generation Computer Systems, Procedia Computer Science, Computers in Biology and Medicine, Data & Knowledge Engineering, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Social Science & Medicine. La revistas Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine presentaron el mayor número de artículos, encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas con relación al resto pero, no se evidenció artículos que mostraran modelos cognitivos para el aprendizaje tecnológico durante la formación profesional. Se propuso un modelo que inicia con la misión de la docencia, orienta a los problemas sociales prioritarios y estos a su vez, posibilitan desarrollar enfoques pedagógicos para generar información tecnológica y dominio cognitivo tecnológico pudiendo ser una garantía durante el proceso de formación profesional en el campo de la biomedicina.
RESTRICCIONES DE LOS HORARIOS DE EXPENDIO DE LICORES EN LIMA METROPOLITANA, PERU Y SU EFECTO EN LAS MUERTES VIOLENTAS 2015-2017
Authors: Malaga Hernan , Ronceros Juan , Delgado Luis , Palza Gerardo
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre los Horarios de expendio de licores “Hora Segura” y los muertos por choques de tránsito y atropellos, homicidios y suicidios. La investigación descriptiva en base a los reportes mensuales que realiza la Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima (LM), Perú de la base de datos del Instituto de Medicina Legal (IML) registrados del 2015 al 2017, con un análisis bivariado y riesgos relativos, caracterizando a los fallecidos por muertes violentas y su relación con sexo, edad y consumo de alcohol. Existe una disminución significativa de víctimas alcoholizadas en todas las muertes violentas excepto el suicidio de mujeres, entre el 2015 y 2017. La mayor disminución porcentual en los homicidios de alcoholizados se produjo en las mujeres, significando una reducción del feminicidio. La media de edad se desplaza en frecuencias conforme pasan los años, con excepción del suicidio en mujeres entre el año base (2015) contra el 16 y 17. Las víctimas son mayores en los alcoholizados de LM, coherente con lo publicado por el anuario estadístico de la Policía Nacional, tanto en edad como en sexo. Se concluye que la disminución de muertes violentas y los cambios en edad y sexo en LM debería ser consecuencia de la política pública y los eficaces controles policiales.  La “hora segura” tiene evidencias para su aplicación en todo el país. La hora segura es una estrategia eficaz para enfrentar el feminicidio.
Findings from ACGH in patient with psychomotor delay-case report
Authors: Vidović Vanja , Maksimović Nela , Damnjanović Tatjana , Jekić Biljana , Milovac Irina , Grk Milka , Vidović Stojko
Published: December 2019

Initial testing of children with psychomotor delays considers karyotype analysis and metabolic tests. However, introduction of Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (ACGH) has become the standard method of diagnostics worldwide. ACGH is a highly sensitive method which enables detection of unbalanced chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidies. In this case report, a patient is a sixteen year old girl born to unrelated parents with mild mental retardation and psychomotor delay, hyperacusis, epilepsy, silent nasal speech, clinodactyly of the V finger on left hand, as well as low set ears. Patient had a karyotype interpreted as normal using GTG band analysis. Array CGH was performed using Agilent SurePrint G3 custom CGH+SNP Microarray 8x60K (UCSC, hg19, NCBI Build 37, February,2009). Results were analyzed by CytoGenomics 3.0 Agilent software. Results of aCGH revealed clinically significant duplication of 17q25.1-q25.3 region with the size of~7.96Mb. Within the duplicated region 217 genes are present, of which 36 are described as OMIM morbid. Duplications of similar size are described in DECIPHER date base in patients with psychomotor delay, hyperactivity and neoplasm of CNS. Besides duplication, a ~755kb clinically significant deletion was detected in the 17q25.3 region. Deletion involves 18 genes of which 2 are described as OMIM morbid: TBCD (MIM604649) and ZNF750 (MIM610226). Patient with similar deletion was described in DECIPHER date base with notable psychomotor delay. Based on these results FISH analysis is recommended for both parents in order to determine the possible carrier of inversion in the region of 17qter.
Association between Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Gene Polymorphism and Acute Kidney Injury among the Lebanese Patients
Authors: Karaali Hajar , Borjac Jamilah
Published: December 2019

Acute kidney injury is a common condition associated with longer hospital stay and increased mortality. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is one of the early and sensitive biomarkers for acute kidney injury diagnosis. Therefore we examined the relationship between kidney injury molecule-1 gene polymorphism and acute kidney injury in Lebanese hospitalized patients. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples collected from 50 patients and 40 controls. Kidney injury molecule-1 exon 4 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the amplified products were sequenced at Macrogen. Serum creatinine and urea levels were measured and compared between controls and patients. Three out of the five known single nucleotide polymorphisms showed significant association with susceptibility to the disease (P ≤ 0.05). Data analysis implied that carriers of the risk allele of these 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms were more predisposed to acute kidney injury. No association was found between the studied nucleotides variations and creatinine/urea levels. Haplotype analysis showed high association of the block CTA with acute kidney injury incidence and high creatinine and urea levels. Our results suggest that polymorphisms in exon 4 of kidney injury molecule-1 in the Lebanese population may be associated with acute kidney injury.
HEAT TRANSFER IN GRADIENT TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER
Authors: Avramenko A.A. , Kovetskaya M.M. , Kondratieva E.A. , Sorokina T.V.
Published: December 2019

Effect of pressure gradient on heat transfer in turbulent boundary layer is constantly investigated during creation and improvement of heat exchange equipment for energy, aerospace, chemical and biological systems.

The paper deals with problem of steady flow and heat  transfer in turbulent boundary layer with variable pressure in longitudinal direction. The mathematical model is presented and the analytical solution of heat transfer in the turbulent boundary layer problem at positive and negative pressure gradients is given. Dependences for temperature profiles and coefficient of heat transfer on flow parameters were obtained. 

At negative longitudinal pressure gradient (flow acceleration) heat transfer coefficient can both increase and decrease. At beginning of acceleration zone, when laminarization effects are negligible, heat transfer coefficient increases. Then, as the flow laminarization increases, heat transfer coefficient decreases. This is caused by flow of turbulent energy transfers to accelerating flow.

In case of positive longitudinal pressure gradient, temperature profile gradient near wall decreases. It is because of decreasing velocity gradient before zone of possible boundary layer separation.
PROBLEMS DURING OPERATION OF HEATING SYSTEMS AND CLEANING AS A WAY OF THEIR DECISION (REVIEW)
Authors: Dolinskyi A.А. , Konyk A.V. , Radchenko N.L. , Demchenko V. V.
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the problem of providing the population with thermal energy.  Today, it is one of the important components of the central and local authorities. Now thermal energy and the sphere of thermal energy consumption in Ukraine are in a crisis condition (up to 80% of emergency networks).  As a result, it negatively affects the level of energy and national security of the country as a whole.  It is shown that among the main factors influencing the situation are unsatisfactory technical condition of thermal energy objects, imperfect system of pricing, lack of necessary investment funds for modernization to fixed assets of thermal energy and housing stock.  As a result, this does not allow the implementation of modern technology in this area. Therefore, the quality of the population's supply of heat is very low.  The data on statistics on excessive losses in the production and transportation of heat is given.  This is explained by the fact that heat losses during transportation in centralized networks reach 45…60%, while the low level of thermal insulation increases them by another 1…20%.  So the consumer receives a smaller portion of the thermal energy, and if you take into account the state of the old cast iron radiators that are triggered, then you can imagine how huge the heat loss is.  In connection with this now, an important task is find ways to improve the efficiency of heat networks.  The article gives a literary review of recent research and publications in which the solution to this problem was initiated.  It has been established that the modernization and reconstruction of heat networks requires high financial costs, and so now the authorities are working to improve the efficiency of the old heating networks.

 The article analyzes one of the approaches - this is the washing of radiators. In this direction, existing methods and approaches to the cleaning of heating systems are considered, and the most basic ones are defined, which allow to effectively carry out flushing of the system without its modernization and attracting additional capital investments.  As a result of the spent statistical analysis and on the basis of the existing experimental base and cleaning plants, equipment has been created that allows the washing of closed or open heating as a whole or locally.  It also effectively removes dirt from the inside walls of the system.  The equipment works by means of combined pneumohydropimpuls and chemical methods, as well as the main mechanisms of cavitation.  The result before the use of such equipment will increase the heat transfer coefficient of the whole system and more efficiently use the energy resource, saving at the same time funds.
ANALYSIS OF BARRIERS TO THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY FROM AGROBIOMASS IN UKRAINE. PART 2
Authors: Geletukha G.G. , Zheliezna T.A. , Drahniev S.V. , Bashtovyi A.I.
Published: December 2019

The aim of the work is to identify and analyze barriers to the production of energy from agribiomass in Ukraine. For better analyzing, the barriers are grouped according to different categories. The task of the work is to develop recommendations to overcome the identified and described barriers. In this part of the article, organizational, legislative, economic and environmental barriers to the use of biomass of agrarian origin for energy in Ukraine are considered. It is shown that applying a balanced and rational approach, it is possible to use part of the residues and by-products of crop production for energy. To reduce the negative impact on the soil, it is necessary to return ash from the burning of agribiomass to the fields, as well as introduce a sufficient amount of organic and mineral fertilizers. In order to stop the practice of unauthorized burning of crop remains in fields, it is recommended to create conditions under which harvesting and sale of biomass for energy will be economically attractive. One of such measures could be the introduction of biofuel electronic trade system in Ukraine. The draft law required for the establishment and operation of such a system was prepared in 2018 with the participation of the Bioenergy Association of Ukraine. It is also necessary to develop a strategy for the use of biomass of agricultural origin for energy and include it in one of the existing national documents or to approve it as a separate document. Another option is to elaborate a strategy for bioenergy development in Ukraine with a separate section on agribiomass. Dedicated ministries should explicitly state in their official documents their views on the possibility and optimal volumes of the use of agribiomass for energy production. This can be done, for example, by developing "Recommendations regarding possible volumes of crop production by-products to be used for energy in Ukraine".
SLOW-UP GENERATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES BY TURNING THE PRIMARY AIR FLOW IN THE SWIRL BURNER OF THE BOILER TPP 312
Authors: Kobzar S.G. , Kovalenko G.V. , Khalatov A.A.
Published: December 2019

The aim of the work is computer simulation of the formation of nitrogen oxides in the furnace of the boiler TPP 312 with the swirl of the primary air in the boiler burners. The organization of the vortex flow allows reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides due to the formation of a return flow, which ballasts the combustion zone by oxidation products. The limitation of this technique is the reduction of the combustion temperature which can lead to underburning.

The objective of the study is to determine the formation of nitrogen oxides based on computer simulation of the gas dynamics of the firing space of the boiler TPP 312 DTEK Ladyzhyn TES when swirling streams of air are used in the burner channels.

Efficient combustion of fuel, in particular solid, is ensured by three factors: mixing of the fuel and the oxidizing agent, residence time in the temperature zone necessary for the combustion of fuel particles and temperature. The selection of the parameter is under pressure from requirements operating in opposite directions. On the one hand, a higher temperature contributes to better fuel burning, but, on the other hand, the formation of nitrogen oxides increases at a higher temperature.

Analysis of the data on the quality of coal that comes to the station made it possible to derive the averaged characteristics of coal that were used to improve the combustion model of the software package.

Conclusions

In the presence of swirling flow, the maximum temperature is 108 K lower than in the case of a direct-flow burner, which causes a 5% reduction in the generation of nitrogen oxides. Centrifugal flows created a rarefaction zone at the burner axis and the reaction products begin to heat the fuel mixture in the burner itself. The surface area of ​​the beginning of combustion during the application of twisting reduces by 30%.

The results of the study showed that the twisting of the primary air does not lead to a significant reduction of nitrogen oxides.
DETERMINATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MASS-EXCHANGE COLUMN APPARATUS OPERATION IN A CYCLIC MODE
Authors: Bulii Yu.V. , Obodovych O. M. , Sydorenko V.V.
Published: December 2019

The efficiency of operation of perforated trays in a cyclic mode depends on the accepted hydrodynamic modes, which determine the limits of stable operation of mass-exchange column apparatus. There are no general methods of calculating the boundaries of the hydrodynamic modes of perforated trays operate in the cyclic mode.  On this basis, the authors were tasked to determine the hydrodynamic modes of operation of mass-exchange column apparatus equipped with perforated trays, the action of which occurs in the mode of controlled cycles of fluid retention on the plates and the overflow of fluid through all holes or slits. Sieve and scaly trays with arched-type scales without overflow devices were selected for study.

The aim of the work was to determine the hydrodynamic modes of operation of the sieve and scaly trays without overflow devices in a cyclic mode of retention and overflow of liquid, determination of lower and upper critical velocity of the vapor in the holes of the sieve and scaly trays, the linear velocity of the vapor in the free cross section of the mass-exchange column apparatus and the relative magnitude of the liquid splash to the upper trays. Liquid flow was monitored using a flowmeter RM, air velocity in the free section of the column was monitored using an anemometer MC-13.

 It was determined that the lower critical air velocity in the bubbling holes was 5.4 m/s; linear air velocity in free column cross section was 0.25 m/s. The velocity of the air in the holes at which the fluid splashes onto the upper plates begins was 8 m/s; thus linear air velocity in free column cross section was equal to 0.7 m/s.

Hydrodynamic modes of scaly trays and corresponding values of air velocity in the free section of the column were established. In bubbling mode it was 0.5…0.9 m/s, in the transitional mode it was 0.9…1.3 m/s and in the jet mode, it was 1.3…2.0 m/s.  It was determined that the lower critical air velocity in the holes of the trays, below which the drain of liquid is occurs, was 6.5…7.0 m/s. The upper critical air velocity in the holes of the trays above which the liquid splash on the upper trays is observed was 16 m/s.

The air velocity in the free cross section of the column was 1.3…1.5 m/s. the relative magnitude of the liquid splash in the mode of steady operation of scaly trays  in the bubbling mode does not exceed 0.1 kg/kg of air, in the jet mode, does not exceed 0.2 kg/kg of air.

It is proved that intense overflow of liquid through bubbling holes of the perforated trays occurs at air velocities less than the lower critical. For sieve and scaly trays, this velocity should not exceed 1.5-1 m/s.

 A slight spillage of liquid through the holes of the trays occurs in the range of values of air velocity in the holes of sieve trays of 1.5-5.3 m/s, in the holes of scaly trays of 1,5-6,4 m/s.
Performance in culture and art of 1950–2010. Fluidity of form and content
Authors: Гліб ВИШЕСЛАВСЬКИЙ
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to problems of performance art as a manifestation of actionism. It is a continuation of the research «Happening and its place on the map of the terminology system of actionism» (published [9]). This research explores poetics, aesthetics and artistic means inherent for performance art. The author traces changes in the form and substance of the performance art in the period 1950–2010 and the corresponding metamorphoses in verbal definitions.Specificity of the performance art in the personal spontaneous author’s gesture that has a social and communicative significance. Understanding and mode of perception of an artistic work was changed under its influence. The performance art appeared as a phenomenon, in its modern sense, during the 1950s, but received the name and verbal definition only during the 1970s. However, already in the 1980s, it significantly modified its form and semantics, which led to new verbal definitions among researchers. After another metamorphosis in the 1990s, the phenomenon could only be conventionally named performance art. Most researchers began to use the expression «performative practices» and in this article the author substantiates the name «actionism of spectacularity» and proposes the classification of its manifestations: the general (integral) spectacularity is the reality on the background of which «actionism of spectacularity» exists. The manifestations of the latter differ on the basis of mass or individuality, by targeting different audiences and by measuring functionality. This is «author’s spectacularity» of social activists and dissidents, «professional spectacularity» of political consultants, collective «game spectacularity» of flashmobsGeneral spectacularity is becoming more and more important in culture and communication, it gradually supersedes all other forms and ways of communication, turns into an independent audio-visual universal «language» with signs of sensuality and alogism. Actionism of spectacularity produces new effective forms of communication, which are then used in all spheres of individual or mass (through media) communication. Preferably, these are visual or audio-visual forms of communication, which promotes to their convincing among the peoples of different countries. Actionism of spectacularity contributes to the formation of public opinion about the situation of general spectacularity and promotes the adaptation of people to this new reality of the XXI century.The article contains a brief overview of performance art’s development in Ukraine.
Conventional painting as a form of reflection of the ideology of a totalitarian system
Authors: Марина ЮР
Published: December 2019

It was found that within the biased art of social realism, which reflected the doctrine of the totalitarian system, Ukrainian painting was distinguished by a variety of artistic experiments. It is shown that artists, regardless of the circumstances, sought to develop an artistic form, but because of the ideology of the Soviet state, conventional painting was formed, in which the «heroics» and «enthusiasm» of the era were decisive. The author comes to a conclusion that, despite various obstacles, the artists tended to develop the artistic form. However, due to ideological conventions of the Soviet state, there existed the situation when free work was literally impossible. Thus, conventionalism for many was the form of creative realization that secured them from total censorship, repressions, and oblivion. During the existence of the Soviet Union the art critics and historian gave a positive account of the role of the party and its leaders for development of art. Yet, modern views of the socialist realism legacy paint completely different picture, telling the true story of conventional painting and art in general.
Kapsayıcı Eğitim Bağlamında Türkiye’de İlköğretim Programlarında Çokkültürlülüğün İzleri
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Hüseyin , DAĞISTAN Aybike , ŞAHİN Cem , KOÇYİĞİT Elif , DAĞISTAN YALÇINKAYA Gülen , KART Mehmet , DAĞDELEN Suna
Published: December 2019

Kapsayıcı eğitim bağlamında, Türkiye’de ilköğretim programlarının çokkültürlülük açısından analizini amaçlayan çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye’de İlköğretim düzeyindeki öğretim programları incelenmiş; çokkültürlülük ve kapsayıcılığın programların felsefesi, amaçları, ilkeleri ve değerlerine ne ölçüde yansıdığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Nitel desende tasarlanmış olan çalışmada veriler, Ocak 2018 Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığını tarafından güncellenen ilköğretim 1-8 öğretim programlarından elde edilmiş ve içerik analizi kullanılarak tema ve alt temalar oluşturulmuştur. Analizler sonucunda, İlköğretim düzeyinde okutulan 16 dersin öğretim programında çokkültürlülük ile ilgili toplam 63 kazanım tespit edilmiştir. Kazanımların kodlanması sonucunda 38 alt tema belirlenmiştir. Alt temaların birbiriyle karşılaştırılması sonucunda, ilköğretim programlarında %41,3 ile farklılıkları tanımaya yönelik bir hassasiyetin olduğu görülmüştür. Çokkültürlülük ile ilgili kazanımların kodlanması sonucunda elde edilen alt temaların birbiriyle yakınlığı dikkate alınarak farklılıkları tanıma, değer verme ve etkileşim olmak üzere üç ana tema üretilmiştir. Her üç temaya ilişkin alt temalara bakıldığında ise düşük düzey öğrenim hedeflerini içerdiği anlaşılmıştır. Öğretim programlarının kapsayıcı olabilmesi için özellikle etkileşime ağırlık verecek şekilde düzenlenmesi ve daha üst düzey öğrenim hedeflerine sahip olması gerekmektedir. Buna ek olarak Türkiye’de ilköğretim programlarında kapsayıcı eğitim bağlamında çokkültürlü eğitim programlarının sahip olması gereken temel özelliklerin neler olabileceğine dair önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Malatya Beş Konaklar Etnografya Müzesinde Bulunan Bir Gurup Şifa Tası
Authors: ÇALIŞ Ercan
Published: December 2019

İnsanoğlunun tarih
sahnesinde belirdiği günden bu yana dinler, insan yaşamını biçimlendirdiği
bilinmektedir. Dinlere bağlı gelişen inançlar tapınaklar, mezar anıtları ve çok
sayıda el sanatları ürünlerinin açığa çıkmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır.
Ortaya çıkan tüm bu öğeler, toplumlara ait kimliklerinin önemli unsurlardan
birini oluşturmaktadır. Geçmişte yaşamış toplumların sanat, sosyo-kültürel
yapısını belgeleyen çok sayıda etnografik eserler arasında yer alan şifa
tasları diğer eserlerden ayrılarak, ayrıca ait olduğu dönemin inanç dünyasına
ait izler de taşımaktadır. Ruhen ve bedenen tarih boyunca insanoğlu pek çok
şeyden şifa bulmak amacıyla medet aramıştır. Geçmişten günümüze dek insanlar
şifa bulmak için genellikle iki arayış içine girmişlerdir. Bunlardan birisi
tıbbi yollar iken diğeri ise tüm toplumların ortak bir belirtisi olarak her
toplumda görülen din ve bu kapsamda süre gelen kutsal kitaplardır. Dine bağlı
olarak gelişen şifa tasları, insanlar tarafından iki farklı şekilde şifalanma
ihtiyacını gidermek amacıyla kullanmıştır. Bunlardan birisi bedene ait
hastalıklardan kurtulmak, diğeri ruhsal sıkıntılardan ayıklanmak içindir. Şifa
tasları, Türklerin İslamiyet’i kabul etmesiyle Anadolu kültürünün önemli bir
parçası haline gelen inanç geleneklerinin günümüze aktarılmasında, önemli bir
etnografik eser grubudur. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın esasını oluşturan Malatya Beşkonaklar Etnografya Müzesi’nde
bulunan bir grup tas ele alınarak, ait oldukları dönemin inanç geleneklerine
bağlı şifa arama anlayışı ile sanat pratikleri irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır.