bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgimento dos cursos de ciências agrárias no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Patrícia Guimarães , Alves Helionora da Silva , Silva Alanna do Socorro Lima da
Published: September 2021

Em 1950, o Governo de Getúlio Vargas exerceu uma forte influência na formação dos profissionais agrários, através da federalização das escolas superiores agrícolas (Lei 1.055/50). Essa ação foi motivada pela necessidade de abastecer o mercado internacional, cuja economia se fragilizou após a Crise de 1929 e a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Logo, exigiam-se profissionais qualificados, para geração da modernização da agricultura e aumento da produção. Partindo desse contexto, este estudo realiza o levantamento do Estado de conhecimento sobre criação e evolução dos cursos em Ciências Agrárias em uma perspectiva nacional, com enfoque na Amazônia. A busca das produções científicas abrangeu o período de 1950 a 2021, ocorrendo em cinco bases de dados, a citar Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), Bases de Dados da Pesquisa Agropecuária (BDPA), Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertação (BDTD); Banco de Dados Bibliográficos, da Universidade de São Paulo (Dedalus) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram resgatados 2.832 estudos, dentre quais 42 atenderam aos objetivos desta pesquisa. Com isso, constatou-se: a economia interna e externa foi fator determinante para expansão dos cursos (83,34%); a Agronomia é o dos cursos agrários mais referenciado nos estudos (28%); e a região sudeste é reduto das instituições de ensino superior (IES) com mais pesquisas sobre o tema pesquisado (28,60%). Destarte, ainda hoje, a ordem político-econômica é determinante para o crescimento das ciências agrárias, no tocante à implantação de IES, expansão dos cursos e pesquisas agrícolas.
autoridad de la primera persona como criterio de determinación y reconocimiento de la identidad de género.
Authors: Suárez Muñoz Jorge
Published: September 2021

El interés principal de este artículo versa acerca de la posibilidad de justificar la autodeterminación como criterio fundamental para la determinación y el reconocimiento social de la identidad de género de un individuo. La reciente revisión de los criterios médicos abre el debate de su reemplazo por criterios de autopercepción y vivencia en primera persona. Por tanto, tomando como base la concepción de la autoridad como servicio de Joseph Raz y el fenómeno de la autoridad de la primera persona, se argumentará a favor de que los testimonios en primera persona son candidatos justificados para sustituir a los actuales criterios.

The focus of this paper is the possibility of justifying self-determination as the fundamental criterion for social determination and recognition of the individuals’ sexual identity. The recent review of medical criteria has started a debate about their replacement by criteria based on self-perception and first-person experience. Therefore, taking as a basis Joseph Raz’s service conception of authority and the first-person authority phenomenon, it will be argued that first-person statements are justifiable substitutes for the current criteria.
Las cualidades secundarias y el valor epistémico de la experiencia estética
Authors: Acedo Nieves
Published: September 2021

Entendido lo estético como vinculado al carácter apreciativo de la experiencia sensible, el presente artículo explora su rescate del ámbito de la mera opinión vinculándolo con la intencionalidad de la sensación. Tras definir el problema en la introducción, el texto se centra en las llamadas cualidades secundarias, objeto inmediato de la sensación. Se parte de la hipótesis de que el débil contenido epistémico que se ha atribuido a las cualidades secundarias a lo largo de la historia es responsable de la difícil valoración del juicio estético. Se procede por ello a una reformulación del tipo de noticia que recibimos de dichas cualidades, partiendo de la definición de cualidad secundaria de John Locke, y revisándola a partir de algunos textos de John McDowell y Crispin Wright, en diálogo con la teoría aristotélica de los sensibles propios. El resultado de esta revisión afectará al papel que atribuyamos, dentro del espectro de las disciplinas, a la estética y, secundariamente, al arte.

Considering Aesthetics as linked to the appreciative nature of sensorial experience, this article uses the concept of intentionality of sen-sation to rescue Aesthetics from being confined into the scope of mere opinions. After introducing and defining the problem, the text focuses on the so– called secondary qualities, immediate object of the sensation. The hypothesis is that the weak epistemic content attributed to secondary qualities throughout history is responsible for the difficult assessment of aesthetic judgment. A reformula-tion of the kind of news we receive from these qualities is proposed reviewing John McDowell and Crispin Wright review of Lockean’s secon-dary qualities, in dialogue with the Aristotelian theory of the proper sensible. The result of this review should influence the role we attribute, within the spectrum of disciplines, to Aesthetics and, secondarily, to Art.
Not All Speakers are Equal: Harm and Conversational Standing
Authors: Picazo Claudia
Published: September 2021

McGowan ha proporcionado un meca-nismo lingüístico que explica cómo el lenguaje puede constituir daño. Su idea es que las profe-rencias de manera rutinaria establecen normas-s sobre qué está permitido en un contexto dado. Mi objetivo es argumentar que estas normas-s son sensibles a la posición conversacional del hablante. En concreto, sostengo que la fuerza de la norma establecida depende de la posición del hablante. En algunos casos, el hablante puede incluso carecer de la posición requerida para esta-blecer nuevas normas-s.

McGowan has provided a linguistic mechanism that explains how speech can constitute harm. Her idea is that utterances routinely enact s-norms about what is permissible in a given context. My aim is to argue that these s-norms are sensitive to the conversational standing of the speaker. In particular, I claim that the strength of the norm enacted depends on the standing of the speaker. In some cases, the speaker might even lack the standing required to enact new s-norms.
Paving the road to hell: The Spanish word menas as a case study
Authors: Bordonaba Plou David , Torices Vidal Jos´é Ramón
Published: September 2021

Menas es un término que ha ganado notoriedad en la actual escena política española. Aunque el término tenía un uso neutro en su origen, ya que es un acrónimo de “menores extranjeros no acompañados”, recientemente ha evolucionado a un término con claras connotaciones negativas. Este artículo explora qué tipo de término es menasactualmente. Específicamente, examinaremos si menas es un slur o un TESNI, es decir, un término étnico/social neutro usado como insulto. Primero, señalamos las características más definitorias de ambos tipos de términos. Después, por medio de análisis sobre corpus lingüísticos, mostramos que menas exhibe las características más definitorias de los TESNI. Acabamos discutiendo la posible evolución del término, señalando que, aunque el término tiene los rasgos de los TESNI, existen dos posibles escenarios. Por un lado, el término puede conservar sus usos neutros y de este modo seguir siendo un TESNI. Por otro lado, los usos neutros pueden desaparecer y así el término acabar convir-tiéndose en un slur.

“Menas” is a term that has attracted a great deal of attention on the political scene in Spain at present. Although the term had a neutral usage originally, being an acronym for unaccompanied foreign minors, it has recently evolved into a term with clear negative connotations. This article explores what kind of term menas is today. Specifically, we will examine whether “menas” is a slur or an ESTI, an ethnic/social term used as an insult. First, we point out the most defining characteristics of both types of terms. Then, using analyses on linguistic corpora, we show that “menas” exhibits the most defining characteristics of TESNI. We end by discussing the possible evolution of the term, pointing out that, although the term presents the features related to ESTIs, there are two possible scenarios. On the one hand, the term may retain its neutral uses and thus remain an ESTI. On the other hand, the neutral uses may disappear, and thus the term may become a slur.
INDUSTRIAL CONNECTED VEHICLE, AN OPPORTUNITY TO REDUCE RISKS IN FACTORIES
Authors: PAÑEDA XABIEL , GARCIA FERNANDEZ ROBERTO , MENENDEZ LUCIA , JAIMEZ ENRIQUE , MORAN PROSPERO , CORCOBA VICTOR , MARTINEZ ALVAREZ DAVID
Published: September 2021

Factories of a certain size are full of industrial vehicles that perform different tasks. The characteristics of these vehicles with articulated arms and great power make them probable generators of accidents. These vehicles perform demanding actions in which the driver must pay the utmost attention not to run over a pedestrian or damage an adjacent structure. This need for attention can lead to driver burnout, stress, and even physical injury. This article presents a study carried out on 9 companies in different productive sectors in which the type of industrial vehicles used in them, the type of task they carry out and the risks derived from their use have been analyzed. To reduce this type of risk, it is proposed to use an IoT system under the connected vehicle paradigm, to alert drivers and pedestrians. The system should be configurable and integrated with other devices such as cameras or traffic lights. To complement the study, a minimum implementation of the system on a SCB computer has been evaluated to demonstrate that its implementation can be done at a very low cost.

Key Words: industrial vehicle, connected vehicle, IoT, driving assistance, risk reduction
L’instrumentalisation de la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise en droit français
Authors: Mazuyer Emmanuelle
Published: September 2021

La responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE) et le système juridique peuvent entretenir des relations basées sur la complémentarité, le droit étant un complément nécessaire de la RSE, mais les instruments relevant de la RSE pouvant aussi être un relais utile au droit. Depuis quelque temps, la RSE a bien été intégrée dans les stratégies des pouvoirs publics, en complément de la norme étatique, voire comme alternative à cette dernière. Son utilisation par les législateurs vise à lui assigner certains objectifs de politique juridique et la confine dans une instrumentalisation dans un but défini, qu’il soit pratique ou politique. La polysémie et les contours flous d’une notion comme celle de la RSE permettent de l’instrumentaliser en lui assignant des fonctions qu’elle peut ne pas être apte à assumer. Le présent article propose d’analyser l’instrumentalisation de la RSE à l’oeuvre en droit français dans deux branches du droit : le droit des sociétés et le droit du travail. Le droit des sociétés semble, par nature, réceptif aux pratiques de RSE, alors que le droit du travail est plus réticent. Ainsi, le droit des sociétés laisse une large place à la volonté des destinataires des normes, à des dispositifs souples d’élaboration et de mise en oeuvre des règles, alors que le droit du travail reste fondé sur des principes d’impérativité, d’indisponibilité de la qualification de la relation de travail subordonnée et sur un rôle central du juge. Parfois, l’instrumentalisation de la RSE satisfait pouvoirs publics et acteurs économiques, et il est alors difficile de mobiliser des ressources juridiques pour contrer certaines dérives. Mais des limites existent afin de contrecarrer des dévoiements excessifs, voire inconstitutionnels. Elles sont d’ordre éthique lorsqu’il apparaît que la détermination de l’intérêt général ne peut pas échoir à des organisations commerciales constituées dans le but de générer du profit. Elles sont également d’ordre juridique lorsque les tentatives législatives remettent en cause la répartition des pouvoirs entre juges et législateur, législateur et acteurs privés ou acteurs privés et juges.
La responsabilité des sociétés mères : les pas en avant des cours suprêmes anglaise et canadienne
Authors: Langenfeld Alexis
Published: September 2021

Dans les pays de common law, le développement de la responsabilité des sociétés mères de groupes multinationaux est porté par l’activisme judiciaire. Celui-ci témoigne que les tribunaux travaillent en faveur de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE). Dans ce contexte, la Cour suprême du Canada a rendu la décision Nevsun Resources Ltd. c. Araya dans laquelle elle autorise les poursuites portées contre une entreprise canadienne pour violation du droit international coutumier. Cette décision aussi ambitieuse que polémique crée un nouveau recours dans la common law canadienne favorable à la responsabilisation des multinationales. La Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni, quant à elle, s’est prononcée sur le devoir de diligence des sociétés mères dans la décision Vedanta Resources PLC and another (Appellants) v. Lungowe and others (Respondents). Ici encore, la position est d’envergure et favorable à une responsabilisation accrue des groupes de sociétés. L’auteur présente et analyse ci-dessous les deux décisions en les remettant dans le contexte juridique antérieur qu’elles sont venues modifier.
L’agriculture dans le régime juridique international du climat
Authors: Fleurant Maismy-Mary
Published: September 2021

L’agriculture est sans nul doute l’un des secteurs les plus touchés par les changements climatiques. Si son adaptation est une source importante d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre, elle représente toujours un défi majeur, surtout pour les pays du Sud. C’est un secteur vital de leur économie, pourvoyeur d’emplois et garant de la sécurité alimentaire. Le régime juridique international du climat ne s’est néanmoins pas assez intéressé à cette problématique. Cela se constate non seulement dans les textes conventionnels, mais aussi dans les décisions de la Conférence des Parties (COP) et jusque dans le financement des projets et des programmes du mécanisme financier. Après l’avancée constatée à la 17e session de la COP, l’Action commune de Koronivia pour l’agriculture est l’initiative la plus marquante pour l’agriculture dans le régime du climat. Il faudra continuer sa mise en oeuvre dans l’objectif d’aboutir à l’établissement d’un vrai plan d’action pour ce secteur.
ANALIZA MODELA ZA UTVRĐIVANJE EKONOMSKE VRIJEDNOSTI MINIRANIH ŠUMSKIH PODRUČJA: STUDIJA SLUČAJA ŠG „VRBANјA” KOTOR VAROŠ
Authors: Čomić Dragan , Anikić Nemanja
Published: September 2021

U radu je predstavlјeno istraživanje koje se odnosi na primjenu i unapređenje Modela za utvrđivanje ekonomske vrijednosti miniranih područja, sa konkretnom primjenom na područje kojim gazduje ŠG „Vrbanjaˮ Kotor Varoš. Kao osnova istraživanja identifikovan je problem ograničenog broja istraživanja koja se odnose na modele na osnovu kojih se, po jasno definisanoj proceduri, može izvršiti ekonomska analiza i valorizacija potencijala šumsko-privrednih područja koja se trenutno ne koriste zbog miniranosti. U radu je ukazano prvenstveno na ekonomski aspekt problematike miniranih šumskih područja, na osnovu čega je analiziran Model za utvrđivanje ekonomske vrijednosti miniranih šumskih područja. Primjena Modela uklјučuje šest osnovnih koraka: anketiranje, utvrđivanje površina miniranih šuma, procjenu obima sječa (etata), procjenu sortimentne strukture, računanje vrijednosti miniranih šuma sa završnim provođenjem analize osjetlјivosti. Primjena Modela na područje kojim gazduje ŠG „Vrbanjaˮ Kotor Varoš ukazuje na to da se u jednom uređajnom periodu može ostvariti dobit prije oporezivanja od preko 3,6 miliona KM. Kreirana metodologija može biti široko primijenjena i u drugim šumskoprivrednim područjima i poslovnim sistemima, uz određeno prilagođavanje specifičnim uslovima. Prijedlozima navedenim u ovom radu kvalitet dobijenih podataka može biti dodatno unaprijeđen.
Mapping of a science and technology policy network based on social network analysis
Authors:   Ph.D. Student in Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, Tehran, Iran, Kalantari Esmaeel , Montazer Gholamali ,   Professor, IT Engineering, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, Tehran, Iran, Ghazinoory Sepehr ,   Professor, IT Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, Tehran, Iran
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this paper is to define a science and technology policy network in the form of a social network, from the perspective of policy documents, and then analyze it using the social networks analysis (SNA) method. METHODOLOGY: As a case study, the science and technology policymaking network in Iran is analyzed using the suggested framework in this research. The data used in this study were collected through the content analysis of 25 policy documents and an interview with 20 Iranian science and technology policy elites, before being interpreted using the social network analysis method and software such as NetDraw and UCINet. FINDINGS: The most pivotal science and technology policymaking institutions in Iran and the interactions between them were determined from the network viewpoint. This was achieved by performing a two-dimensional core-periphery analysis, identifying the cut points and blocks, and measuring the structural power of each institution using the degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality methods. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: The most important practical implications of this research are: the integration of a number of policymaking institutions, the division of clear and precise work between policy institutions, the design of vertical and horizontal coordination mechanisms between institutions, the elimination of interferences of some institutions in the tasks of the others, the design of complementary mechanisms to control the role of cutting points, and paying attention to the important activities in the margins of the network. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The most important contribution of this research is to develop a framework for studying science and technology policy and then to develop a method for studying science and technology policy based on SNA. Therefore, the framework for studying science and technology policy in a cycle consists of three stages: 1- Agenda setting and prioritization (at two levels of mega policies and meta policies); 2- Design and implementation or executive policies (in three parts: demand-side policies, supply-side policies, and networking and interconnection infrastructure policies); 3- evaluation and policy learning.
Spin waves in Y3Fe5O12-CoFeB spin-wave directional coupler
Authors: Yan Jian , Ren Zhi-Wei , Zhong Zhi-Yong ,   State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Published: September 2021

The spin-wave coupling device is used as a connection unit to solve the connection problem between spin-wave devices. However, the current size is too large in comparison with the nano-scale process, which is caused by the low efficiency of the spin wave within it. Therefore, we propose the spin-wave directional coupler based on Y3Fe5O12-CoFeB coupling which can improve the current dilemma to a certain extent. By filling the gap layer of two spin-wave waveguides (Y3Fe5O12) placed in parallel with CoFeB material, it is found that the dispersion relationship of the spin wave changes in the data calculation of the micromagnetic simulation software Mumax3. The existence of CoFeB makes the transmission efficiency of the spin wave between the two waveguides higher than in the case without any filling, the enhancement effect is about 4 times where coupling length is reduced from the original 2000 nm to 500 nm, which is conducive to the miniaturization and integration of the spin-wave directional coupler design. From the perspective of the entire device, further analysis indicates that owing to the high saturation magnetization of CoFeB (approximately 8 times that of Y3Fe5O12), the effective field in the Y3Fe5O12-CoFeB directional coupler is greatly enhanced, which leads the spin wave dispersion curve in the waveguide to change. At the same time, the energy of the entire system also increases several times, which is mainly caused by the increase of dipole energy and exchange energy. Then a greater contribution of dipole energy is obtained by changing the size of the device. After that, we study the relationship between the coupling length and the device size and the external magnetic field, then draw a general rule which can play a role in designing any directional couplers with similar structures. Finally, our view points are given from the different spin wave excitation frequencies, gap layer filling materials, internal roughness of the directional coupler, and spin wave lifetime by considering the problems that may occur in practical applications with the Y3Fe5O12-CoFeB directional coupler. In conclusion, our proposed Y3Fe5O12-CoFeB directional coupler structure can effectively enhance the coupling efficiency, and it can also provide a new idea for the application of the interaction between composite materials.
Numerical analyses of key parameters of nonlinear asynchronous optical sampling using dual-comb system
Authors: Xia Wen-Ze , Liu Yang , He Ming-Zhao , Cao Shi-Ying , Yang Wei-Lei , Zhang Fu-Min , Miao Dong-Jing , Li Jian-Shuang ,   State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China,   National Institute of Metrology, China, Beijing 100029, China,   Nanometer Measurement Laboratory, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: September 2021

Absolute distance measurement based on the asynchronous optical sampling with using a dual-comb system has the characteristics of large range, fast measurement speed, and high accuracy, which has wide application prospects in the field of precision measurement of geometric quantities, such as the space technology, equipment manufacturing, etc. Recently, the invention of the femtosecond frequency comb is a milestone in the field of precision length measurement. Many approaches to the absolute distance measurement have been proposed. Among them, the dual-comb system with asynchronous optical sampling can realize a length measurement with fast speed, high accuracy, and long range. Especially, the temporal method combining the asynchronous optical sampling with nonlinear intensity cross-correlation can effectively avoid influencing of the carrier-envelope offset frequency on the ranging accuracy in the measurement process. The time-of-flight information can be obtained by the time interval between the reference pattern and the measurement pattern. Even so, the selection of the repetition rate and the difference of repetition rates will strongly influence the temporal sampling interval of the measurements. Therefore, the theoretical model and key parameters for the ranging are numerically studied for the non-linear asynchronous optical sampling by using a dual-comb system of absolute distance measurement. After analysis, the effects of source parameters (repetition frequency and repetition frequency difference), fine fitting of second harmonic signal, and timing jitter on ranging accuracy are studied respectively. The numerical analysis results show that the method of choosing a reasonable repetition frequency and repetition frequency difference is beneficial to the improvement of the ranging accuracy. When the sampling interval of the dual-comb system is a constant, the time value between the reference and measurement patterns can be obtained by the interpolation method of fine curve fitting, and it will further improve the ranging accuracy. In addition, the time jitter of the femtosecond pulses is also an important factor that can affect the ranging accuracy. By changing the difference in the repetition rate, the measurement speed can also be improved. After that, the cumulative ranging error caused by time jitter can be reduced. Therefore, the appropriate increasing of measurement speed can effectively reduce the influence of timing jitter on ranging.
Enhanced Cas12a multi-gene regulation using a CRISPR array separator
Authors: Magnusson Jens P , Rios Antonio Ray , Wu Lingling , Qi Lei S
Published: September 2021

The type V-A Cas12a protein can process its CRISPR array, a feature useful for multiplexed gene editing and regulation. However, CRISPR arrays often exhibit unpredictable performance due to interference between multiple guide RNA (gRNAs). Here, we report that Cas12a array performance is hypersensitive to the GC content of gRNA spacers, as high-GC spacers can impair activity of the downstream gRNA. We analyze naturally occurring CRISPR arrays and observe that natural repeats always contain an AT-rich fragment that separates gRNAs, which we term a CRISPR separator. Inspired by this observation, we design short, AT-rich synthetic separators (synSeparators) that successfully remove the disruptive effects between gRNAs. We further demonstrate enhanced simultaneous activation of seven endogenous genes in human cells using an array containing the synSeparator. These results elucidate a previously underexplored feature of natural CRISPR arrays and demonstrate how nature-inspired engineering solutions can improve multi-gene control in mammalian cells.
The Experts' War on Poverty
Authors: Huret Romain D.
Published: September 2021

This book traces the efforts of a dedicated community of experts to create a policy bureaucracy that reigned until Richard Nixon implemented the Family Assistance Plan in 1969. Although they toiled in relative obscurity, this cadre of experts waged their own war on the American political establishment, creating policies that challenged the unscientific prejudices that ruled DC politics. The Experts’ War on Poverty highlights the metrics, research, and economic and social data that these social scientists employed in their day-to-day work. Huret argues that this internal “war” at a time of great disruption due to the Cold War undermined and fractured the institutional system officially intended ending poverty. What developed instead, he writes, was a group that was determined to fight poverty in ways that the federal government was unable to pursue by promoting radical policies and a more progressive government role and sweeping reforms. The Expert’s War on Poverty closely examines the intellectual, social, and political dimensions of this community of experts and social scientists and how they shaped American policy in the Cold War era.
Small Arms
Authors: Bloom Mia
Published: September 2021

Using child operatives provides terrorist organizations with the element of surprise. Small Arms assesses the growing phenomenon of children’s involvement in terrorist organizations. The book analyses the different mechanisms for children’s mobilization, contrasts children in terrorist movements with child and discusses the impact that this tactic has on the militarized children. The book explores in details ISIS Cubs of the Caliphate and shows how children are both victims and victimizers.
Quick Cattle and Dying Wishes
Authors: Fudge Erica
Published: September 2021

What were people's feelings about and towards the animals who worked with them in early modern England? What meaning did those animals have? These questions are the starting point for this book. Current historical analyses tell us how important animals were to the development of the economy and to the process of industrialization, but thus far little has been written recognizing the crucial fact that animals are, and always have been, more than simply stock: they are living, sentient beings with whom negotiated interaction is required. This book will take such interactions as its focus and will return animals to the central place they had in the domestic environments of so many in the early seventeenth century, thus tracking a lost aspect of early modern life: the importance of the day-to-day relationships between humans and the animals they worked with.
Earth Emotions
Authors: Albrecht Glenn
Published: September 2021

'Earth Emotions' is an invitation to the reader to participate in the emergent global drama between the emotionally charged forces of creation and destruction. Both sets of emotions are needed for the survival and the flourishing of the species, however, we live in an epoch where the forces of destruction are overwhelming positive or creative emotions. The name for this period of human dominance is the 'Anthropocene'. The book promotes an antidote to the Anthropocene in the form of the 'Symbiocene', a future era where positive earth emotions will flourish. Through these two master concepts, both types of emotions are systematically examined in the context of nature and life. Starting with a recently defined negative earth emotion, 'solastalgia', the reader is taken on a psycho-terratic (psyche-earth) journey through all of the earth emotions and feelings in use in the public and academic literature. The book culminates in the affirmation of positive emotional relationships to the Earth for current and future generations. As a relentlessly optimistic manifesto for living in the future, this book addresses the emotional, cultural, ethical, political, spiritual and practical aspects of positive earth emotions and the defeat of those that are destructive of people and the planet.
Smoking under the Tsars
Authors: Starks Tricia
Published: September 2021

Using unusual sources and approaching tobacco from the perspective of users, producers, and objectors, this monograph provides an unparalleled view of the early transfer by the Russian market to smoking and presents the addictive, nicotine-soaked Russian cigarette – the papirosa -- and the sensory, medical, social, cultural, and gendered consequences of this unique style of tobacco use. Starting with the papirosa’s introduction in the nineteenth century and foundation as a cultural and imperial construct, the monograph moves through its emergence as a mass-use product of revolutionary potential, towards discussion as a moral and medical problem, on to its mass-marketing as a liberating object, and concluding as it became a point for increasing conflict for users, reformers, and purveyors. Material from newspapers, journals, industry publications, etiquette manuals, propaganda posters, popular literature, memoirs, cartoons, poetry, and advertising images is combined with wider scholarship in history, public health, anthropology, and addiction studies, for an ambitious social and cultural exploration of the interaction of institutions, ideas, practice, policy, consumption, identity, and the body. Utilizing these unique approaches and sources, the work reconstructs how early-Russian smokers experienced, understood, and presented their habit in all its biological, psychological, social, and sensory inflections.
Politics under the Influence
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: September 2021

In 2009, the Russian government launched a much-publicized new initiative to tackle excessive alcohol consumption. This has subsequently been presented in simplistic terms as a top–down implementation of policy, imposed in the national interest to preserve the nation’s health in face of the ravages inflicted by widespread alcohol abuse. The book challenges this widely accepted narrative, by showing how policy more commonly results from the competitive interactions of stakeholders with vested interests – with the state itself divided. Rather than a benevolent public health agenda, the interests in vodka production of some of Putin’s closest cronies provides a hidden explanatory factor behind increasingly harsh regulation of beer in Russia. The book uses the lens of alcohol policy to examine the complex kleptocracy in the Russian political economy, and to show how informal power networks can undermine formal state priorities. The analysis reveals the many ambivalences, informal practices and paradoxes that abound in contemporary Russian politics.
Good Governance Gone Bad
Authors: Ornston Darius
Published: September 2021

The small, open economies of Nordic Europe are hailed as paragons of good governance, adapting flexibly to rapid, technological change and shifting patterns of economic competition. But they have also made strikingly poor policy choices and suffered devastating economic crises, as evidenced by the Finnish and Swedish banking crises of the early 1990s, Finnish dependence on Nokia, and Iceland's financial meltdown. Good Governance Gone Bad argues that the reasons for these two, seemingly contradictory phenomena is one and the same. The dense, cohesive relationships that enable these countries to adapt to economic crises with radical reform and restructuring render them vulnerable to policy overshooting and overinvestment. After examining the rise and decline of heavy industry in postwar Sweden, the emergence and disruption of the Finnish ICT industry, and Iceland's impressive but short-lived reign as a financial powerhouse, this book tests the argument against ten similar and contrasting cases in Europe and North America. In doing so, it demonstrates how small and large states alike can learn from the Nordic experience.
Taming Japan's Deflation
Authors: Park Gene , Katada Saori N. , Chiozza Giacomo , Kojo Yoshiko
Published: September 2021

Bolder economic policy could have addressed the persistent bouts of deflation in post-bubble Japan, claims this book. Despite warnings from economists, intense political pressure, and unconventional policy options to address this problem, Japan's central bank, the Bank of Japan (BOJ), resisted taking the bold actions that this book claims would have significantly helped. With Prime Minister Abe Shinzō's return to power, Japan finally shifted course at the start of 2013 with the launch of Abenomics—an economic agenda to reflate the economy—and Abe's appointment of new leadership at the BOJ. The BOJ's resistance to experimenting with bolder policy stemmed from entrenched policy ideas that were hostile to activist monetary policy. The book explains how these policy ideas evolved over the course of the BOJ's long history and gained dominance because of the closed nature of the broader policy network. The explanatory power of policy ideas and networks suggests a basic inadequacy in the dominant framework for analysis of the politics of monetary policy derived from the literature on central bank independence. This approach privileges the interaction between political principals and their supposed agents, central bankers; but this book shows clearly that central bankers' views, shaped by ideas and institutions, can be decisive in determining monetary policy. Through a combination of institutional analysis, quantitative empirical tests, in-depth case studies, and structured comparison of Japan with other countries, the book shows that, ultimately, the decision to adopt aggressive monetary policy depends largely on the bankers' established policy ideas and policy network.
The Hungry Steppe
Authors: Cameron Sarah
Published: September 2021

This book examines the Kazakh famine of 1930-33, one of the most heinous and poorly understood crimes of the Stalinist regime. As part of a radical social engineering scheme, Josef Stalin sought to settle the Kazakh nomads and force them into collective farms. More than 1.5 million people perished as a result, a quarter of Soviet Kazakhstan’s population, and the crisis transformed a territory the size of continental Europe. Drawing upon a wide range of sources in Russian and in Kazakh, the book brings this largely unknown story to light, revealing its devastating consequences for Kazakh society. It finds that through the most violent means the Kazakh famine created Soviet Kazakhstan and forged a new Kazakh national identity. But the nature of this transformation was uneven. Neither Kazakhstan nor Kazakhs themselves became integrated into the Soviet system in precisely the ways that Moscow had originally hoped. Seen from the angle of the Soviet east, a region that has not received as much scholarly attention as the Soviet Union’s west, the Stalinist regime and the disastrous results of its policies appear in a new light.
Poppies, Politics, and Power
Authors: Bradford James Tharin
Published: September 2021

This book explores the history of the Afghan drug trade during the 20th century, detailing how, and why, Afghan rulers struggled to balance the benefits of the Afghan drug trade, both legal and illicit forms, with external pressures to conform to international drug control regimes and more tightly regulate drugs. This book explores why, over time, drug control became a key component of Afghan state formation and diplomacy; by embracing more coercive forms of drug control Afghanistan gained greater access to foreign aid and investment, especially from the United States. And yet, drug control efforts continually failed and the illicit drug trade expanded. This book complicates contemporary analyses of the Afghan drug trade, which depict drugs as juxtaposed with Afghan governance. The longer historical analysis details how the illicit drug trade emerged in response to a series of factors, including coercive forms of drug control, broader policy failures of the Afghan state, as well as, external forces such as the globalization of the illicit drug trade. In this way, drug control, as a component of Afghan governance and diplomacy, was fundamental in shaping the conditions of statelessness and lawlessness that are commonly thought to characterize the Afghan opium industry today.
Lethal Provocation
Authors: Cole Joshua
Published: September 2021

This book explores the history of an anti-Jewish riot in 1934 in t Constantine, French Algeria, in which 25 Jews and 3 Muslims died. Understood at the time as the result of long-standing tensions between Muslims and Jews in North Africa, the riot was closely related to contemporary debates about reforming the colonial regime in Algeria. These debates divided the population and their political representatives, leaving Constantine vulnerable to acts of provocation by French nationalist extremists who appear to have been responsible for the majority of the murders. Although the police and some local officials were aware of these acts of provocation, the story was successfully covered up in the subsequent trials and in the official reports. The book sets these events in a broad chronological context, considering the ways that the history of colonialism in Algeria recast the relationship between Muslims, Jews, and Europeans in North Africa.
The Nuclear Spies
Authors: Houghton Vince
Published: September 2021

The subject of this book is the US atomic intelligence effort against both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in the period 1942-1949. Both of these intelligence efforts operated within the framework of an entirely new field of intelligence: scientific intelligence. Because of the atomic bomb, for the first time in history a nation’s scientific resources became a key consideration in assessing a potential national security threat. In September 1949, US intelligence was shocked to discover that the Soviet Union had detonated its first atomic bomb. Coming just four years after the United States had become the world’s first nuclear power, the Soviet atomic bomb was produced in half the time American intelligence had predicted. Compounding the confusion was the fact that American intelligence had engaged in an effort against Nazi Germany that had correctly assessed the status of the German atomic bomb program. This book explores the following: Considering how successfully the US conducted the atomic intelligence effort against the Germans in the Second World War, why was the US Government unable to create an effective atomic intelligence apparatus to monitor Soviet scientific and nuclear capabilities?
The Gathering Storm
Authors: Hurtado-Torres Sebastián
Published: September 2021

This novel take on diplomatic history examines the involvement of the United States in Chile during the Eduardo Frei administration (1964–1970) and shows how the engagement between the two nations deepened the process of political polarization in Chile. At the heart of the book is a description of the partnership between Frei's government and that of Lyndon B. Johnson. Both leaders considered modernization to be integral to political and economic development, and the U.S. Embassy in Santiago was recognized by all parties to be the center of this modernizing agenda and the practical work of the Alliance for Progress (AFP). The book portrays the diplomatic and economic relationship between Chile and the United States in a manner that departs from the most militant and conservative interpretations of U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America. By focusing on the active participation of agents of U.S. foreign policy—particularly those associated with the AFP—and not secret operatives of the Central Intelligence Agency, the book offers a fresh narrative about a critical period in Chilean political history and a new understanding of the ways and means through which the foreign policy of the United States was carried out.
Semi-Civilized
Authors: Hawkins Michael C.
Published: September 2021

This book offers a concise, revealing, and analytically penetrating view of a critical period in Philippine history. The book examines Moro (Filipino Muslim) contributions to the Philippine exhibit at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904, providing insight into this fascinating and previously overlooked historical episode. By reviving and contextualizing Moro participation in the exposition, the book challenges the typical manifestations of empire drawn from the fair and delivers a nuanced and textured vision of the nature of American imperial discourse. The book argues that the Moro display provided a distinctive liminal space in the dialectical relationship between civilization and savagery at the fair. The Moros offered a transcultural bridge. Through their official yet nondescript designation as “semi-civilized,” they undermined and mediated the various binaries structuring the exposition. As the book demonstrates, this mediation represented an unexpectedly welcomed challenge to the binary logic and discomfort of the display. As the book shows, the Moro display was collaborative, and the Moros exercised unexpected agency by negotiating how the display was both structured and interpreted by the public. Fairgoers were actively seeking an extraordinary experience. Exhibit organizers framed it, but ultimately the Moros provided it. And therein lay a tremendous amount of power.
Robber Barons and Wretched Refuse
Authors: Zeidel Robert F.
Published: September 2021

This book explores the connection between the so-called robber barons who led American big businesses during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era and the immigrants who composed many of their workforces. As the book argues, attribution of industrial-era class conflict to an “alien” presence supplements nativism—a sociocultural negativity toward foreign-born residents—as a reason for Americans' dislike and distrust of immigrants. And in the era of American industrialization, employers both relied on immigrants to meet their growing labor needs and blamed them for the frequently violent workplace contentions of the time. The book uncovers the connection of immigrants to radical “isms” that gave rise to widespread notions of alien subversives whose presence threatened America's domestic tranquility and the well-being of its residents. Employers, rather than looking at their own practices for causes of workplace conflict, wontedly attributed strikes and other unrest to aliens who either spread pernicious “foreign” doctrines or fell victim to their siren messages. These characterizations transcended nationality or ethnic group, applying at different times to all foreign-born workers. The book concludes that, ironically, stigmatizing immigrants as subversives contributed to the passage of the Quota Acts, which effectively stemmed the flow of wanted foreign workers. Post-war employers argued for preserving America's traditional open door, but the negativity that they had assigned to foreign workers contributed to its closing.
Playing Politics with Natural Disaster
Authors: Kneeland Timothy W.
Published: September 2021

Hurricane Agnes struck the United States in June of 1972, just months before a pivotal election and at the dawn of the deindustrialization period across the Northeast. The response by local, state, and national officials had long-term consequences for all Americans. President Richard Nixon used the tragedy for political gain by delivering a generous relief package to the key states of New York and Pennsylvania in a bid to win over voters. After his landslide reelection in 1972, Nixon cut benefits for disaster victims and then passed legislation to push responsibility for disaster preparation and mitigation onto states and localities. The impact led to the rise of emergency management and inspired the development of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). With a particular focus on events in New York and Pennsylvania, this book narrates how local, state, and federal authorities responded to the immediate crisis of Hurricane Agnes and managed the long-term recovery. The impact of Agnes was horrific, as the storm left 122 people dead, forced tens of thousands into homelessness, and caused billions of dollars in damage from Florida to New York. In its aftermath, local officials and leaders directed disaster relief funds to rebuild their shattered cities and reshaped future disaster policies. The book explains how the political decisions by local, state, and federal officials shaped state and national disaster policy and continues to influence emergency preparedness and response to this day.
The Man in the Dog Park
Authors: Small Cathy A. , Kordosky Jason , Moore Ross
Published: September 2021

This book offers the reader a rare window into homeless life. Spurred by a personal relationship with a homeless man who became the book's co-author, the author takes a compelling look at what it means and what it takes to be homeless. Interviews and encounters with dozens of homeless people lead us into a world that most have never seen. We travel as an intimate observer into the places that many homeless frequent, including a community shelter, a day labor agency, a panhandling corner, a pawn shop, and a Housing and Urban Development (HUD) housing office. Through these personal stories, we witness the obstacles that homeless people face, and the ingenuity it takes to negotiate life without a home. The book points to the ways that our own cultural assumptions and blind spots are complicit in US homelessness and contribute to the degree of suffering that homeless people face. At the same time, the book shows us how our own sense of connection and compassion can bring us into touch with the actions that will lessen homelessness and bring greater humanity to the experience of those who remain homeless.
City of Big Shoulders
Authors: Spinney Robert G.
Published: September 2021

This book links key events in Chicago's development, from its marshy origins in the 1600s to today's robust metropolis. The book presents Chicago in terms of the people whose lives made the city–from the tycoons and the politicians to the hundreds of thousands of immigrants from all over the world. This revised and updated second edition brings Chicago's story into the twenty-first century, as it reviews the colorful and dramatic panorama of the city's explosive past. How did the pungent swamplands that the Native Americans called “the wild-garlic place” burgeon into one of the world's largest and most sophisticated cities? What is the real story behind the Great Chicago Fire? What aspects of American industry exploded with the bomb in Haymarket Square? Could the gritty blue-collar hometown of Al Capone become a visionary global city? A city of immigrants and entrepreneurs, Chicago is quintessentially American. The book brings it to life and highlights the key people, moments, and special places–from Fort Dearborn to Cabrini-Green, Marquette to Mayor Daley, the Union Stock Yards to the Chicago Bulls–that make this incredible city, the book claims, one of the best places in the world.