bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation difficulty and religious coping styles for the elderly in Turkey
Authors: Kulakçı‐Altıntaş Hülya , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan
Published: September 2020

Background

Many physical and psychosocial changes occur in elderly people due to aging. These changes affect the adaptation, coping style, and quality of life of elderly people. This study was conducted to determine the adaptation difficulty to the process of aging and religious coping styles used by elderly people.

Methods

The research was conducted as a cross‐sectional type. The sample consisted of 505 elderly people from seven family health centres of a city in Turkey. Data were collected via a personal information form, the Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly, and the Religious Coping Scale.

Results

The adaptation difficulty for the elderly total mean score was 0.52 (SD = 0.56). The positive religious coping mean score was 23.49 (SD = 5.30), and the negative religious coping mean score was 7.88 (SD = 3.20). While there was a negative weak relationship between the adaptation difficulty for the elderly and the positive religious coping (r = −0.147, P = 0.001), there was no significant relation between the adaptation difficulty for the elderly and the negative religious coping (r = −0.028, P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The results revealed that adaptation difficulty to the process of aging is low, elderly people use positive coping strategies, and adaptation to old age increased as positive coping strategies were used. Factors that affect religious coping must be considered to improve the health of elderly people.
When Local Governments Request Access to Data: Power and Coordination Mechanisms across Stakeholders
Authors: Fusi Federica
Published: September 2020

There are ongoing efforts to encourage public organizations to use data to enhance their performance and design public policies. Among barriers to data use, public managers report low access to data owned by stakeholders—other city departments, other public agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. A critical research question is how public organizations can design incentives and structures that decrease the time and resources spent to request and obtain access to data. Drawing from resource dependency theory and a contingency‐based approach, this research examines how routinized, formal nonroutinized, and informal coordination mechanisms facilitate access to data from influential groups of stakeholders. Hypotheses are tested using 2016 survey data from a nationally representative sample of 2,500 departments in 500 US cities. Results show that formal nonroutinized coordination facilitates access to data requested from governmental actors, while informal coordination decreases access to data requested from nongovernmental organizations.
An empirical analysis of the relationship between university investments in Technology Transfer Offices and academic spin‐offs
Authors: Iacobucci Donato , Micozzi Alessandra , Piccaluga Andrea
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of university Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) in contributing to the creation and the performance of academic spin‐offs (ASOs). More specifically, it investigates the relationship between resources invested in TTOs in term of employees and the creation and growth of ASOs. The empirical analysis refers to Italy, where since 1999 academicians have been allowed to be actively involved in setting up companies for the ‘industrial use of research’. We used data on ASOs and resources invested by Italian universities in TTOs during the 2002–2011 period to investigate if and to what extent such investments contributed to the birth and growth of ASOs. We also controlled the results using information on university and on local context, in which university is located. The results of the empirical analysis show that in a first phase academicians reacted more promptly than universities to the opportunities offered by the new legislation, which may in part be due to the organizational rigidity that characterizes Public Administration in Italy. However, the empirical analysis also shows that after this initial phase the size of the TTOs (in terms of employees) has had a positive influence on the number of new ASOs (i.e. birth), but not on the performance of ASOs (i.e. growth), which is influenced by both long‐term investments in research (i.e. the quality of research results) and other variables linked to the regional and national contexts, such as the presence of incubators or the level of economic development. Our results regard a widely studied topic and should provide incremental findings for the community of entrepreneurship scholars and relevant implications for policy makers and TTO managers.
Microplastics and their potential effects on the aquaculture systems: a critical review
Authors: Zhou Aiguo , Zhang Yue , Xie Shaolin , Chen Yuliang , Li Xiang , Wang Jun , Zou Jixing
Published: September 2020

According to the statistics, 8.3 billion metric tonnes of plastics have been produced since 1950s, which is far more than other synthetic materials and the annual production which are about 500 million tonnes per year at present. The production of plastics makes microplastics pollution extremely widespread distribution, which will have a lasting impact on the global environment, especially on the aquaculture systems. And the distribution of the microplastics is extremely imbalanced around the global waters. In the present review, we have summarized the development of aquaculture in the World and China based on the existing data sources. And the total aquaculture production of the World will over 90 million tonnes, which will exceed the capture production in 2020. Aquaculture products will become one of the most important sources of high‐quality protein. However, we found that many kinds of microplastics are detected and enriched in both farmed and captured species. Both endogenous and exogenous factors like the use of fishing plastic products, factory farming facility and equipment, natural and synthetic feed, animal health products, aquaculture fortifier and aquatic food additives make accumulation of microplastics easier. In addition, the safety of aquaculture products is closely related to human health because the residues of microplastics in fish leading to various potential hazards. In summary, this paper reviewed the relationship between microplastics and aquaculture, aimed at calling for the rational and restricted use of plastic products in the aquaculture ecosystems.
Unintended consequences of tax incentives on export product quality: Evidence from a natural experiment in China
Authors: Kong Dongmin , Xiong Mengxu
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the effects of tax incentives on export product quality. Using a staggered value‐added tax reform in China as exogenous shocks, our difference‐in‐differences estimation shows that tax cuts causally reduce product quality at the firm‐level (product‐level) by 5.3% (8.6%). A plausible mechanism appears to be the output and export expansion, which crowd out human capital and thus undermine quality. The results are more pronounced for non‐state‐owned firms, firms under high tax reinforcement effort, and firms subjecting to high financial constraints. This study provides clear policy implications by shedding light on the unintended consequences of tax incentives on export product quality.
Linear Mixed Effects Models for Non-Gaussian Continuous Repeated Measurement Data
Authors: Asar Özgür , Bolin David , Diggle Peter J. , Wallin Jonas
Published: September 2020

We consider the analysis of continuous repeated measurement outcomes that are collected longitudinally. A standard framework for analysing data of this kind is a linear Gaussian mixed effects model within which the outcome variable can be decomposed into fixed effects, time invariant and time-varying random effects, and measurement noise. We develop methodology that, for the first time, allows any combination of these stochastic components to be non-Gaussian, using multivariate normal variance–mean mixtures. To meet the computational challenges that are presented by large data sets, i.e. in the current context, data sets with many subjects and/or many repeated measurements per subject, we propose a novel implementation of maximum likelihood estimation using a computationally efficient subsampling-based stochastic gradient algorithm. We obtain standard error estimates by inverting the observed Fisher information matrix and obtain the predictive distributions for the random effects in both filtering (conditioning on past and current data) and smoothing (conditioning on all data) contexts. To implement these procedures, we introduce an R package: ngme. We reanalyse two data sets, from cystic fibrosis and nephrology research, that were previously analysed by using Gaussian linear mixed effects models.
Relative influence of antecedent topography and sea‐level rise on barrier‐island migration
Authors: Shawler Justin L. , Ciarletta Daniel J. , Connell Jennifer E. , Boggs Bianca Q. , Lorenzo‐Trueba Jorge , Hein Christopher J.
Published: September 2020

The response of barrier islands to sea‐level rise is modulated by combinations of coastal processes, eco‐geomorphic feedbacks and structural controls, such as antecedent topography. Interactions among these drivers can lead to complex and non‐linear changes in island morphology and transitions between migrational, erosional or progradational states. This study seeks to constrain the morphological consequences of barrier islands migrating across complex antecedent topography in response to rising sea level. The stratigraphy of four barrier–backbarrier systems along the United States Mid‐Atlantic coast informs idealized geometries of diverse antecedent substrate. These outcomes are integrated into a cross‐shore morphodynamic model of barrier‐island migration to quantify the influence of this antecedent geology on barrier‐retreat behaviour. Additionally, this study explores the future response of specific barrier islands to various rates of sea‐level rise over multi‐decadal to millennial timescales. The results show that antecedent substrate slope plays a central role in barrier morphodynamic behaviour. In particular, migration across a subaqueous backbarrier ridge (for example, coastal barrier or dune deposits from earlier sea‐level highstands) can cause a succession of phase changes in a modern island. For example, the case studies illustrate that the steep slopes and decreased backbarrier accommodation associated with antecedent highs greater than 3 m in profile can greatly reduce island migration rates, effectively ‘pinning’ the island in place, even with sea‐level rise rates up to 6 mm yr−1. However, once the island migrates over the high, backbarrier accommodation increases, leading to enhanced overwash fluxes, more rapid landward migration, and possible drowning. Additionally, the results indicate that antecedent substrate may slow barrier‐island migration by providing sediment through both shoreface and inlet processes. The field and modelling insights from this study are presented as a conceptual model of the relative influence of various antecedent features on barrier‐island dynamics along sandy, siliciclastic coasts.
Kristeva's Thought Specular: Aesthetic Disobedience as a New Form of Revolt
Authors: Weidler Markus
Published: September 2020

InRevolt, She Said, Julia Kristeva makes the intriguing suggestion that contemporary art may serve (or provoke) a benevolent form of experimental psychosis. Expanding on this idea in a recent essay, she argues that such art‐induced psychosis becomes distinct in its capacity for triggering wholesome impulses toward social reform broadly conceived, that is, impulses which carry a political as well as a moral charge, but fall outside the domain of professional politics and ethical theory proper. To make this case and to emphasize the significance of Kristeva's work for exploring the contested territory ofthe politics of aesthetics(in Jacques Rancière's phrase), the present discussion brings Kristeva's important but under‐researched notion of the “thought specular” to bear on Jonathan Neufeld's conception of “aesthetic disobedience.” By co‐engaging these authors, one can extrapolate a model for participatory art that is not framed by rationalist standards of author intentionality or by communication‐theoretical approaches, which cast the spectators as impassive recipients of the artwork's presumed political message. Rather, witnessed by Tania Bruguera's long‐term work entitled Immigrant Movement International, participation in aesthetic disobedience can deliver on Kristeva's promise of intimate revolt in the context of artistic activism or “artivism.”
Error Theory and Abolitionist Ethics
Authors: Schwarz Lucia
Published: September 2020

Here is a prima facie plausible view: since the metaethical error theory says that all positive moral claims are false, it makes no sense for error theorists to engage in normative ethics. After all, normative ethics tries to identify what is right or wrong (and why), but the error theory implies that nothing is ever right or wrong. One way for error theorists to push back is to argue for “concept preservationism,” that is, the view that even though our ordinary moral discourse is deeply flawed, we should nevertheless continue to engage in moral thought and talk. However, in this article, I pursue a different strategy. I argue that even if we completely abandon moral discourse, thus endorsing “concept abolitionism,” the discipline of normative ethics survives. While traditional normative ethics uses as its “starting points” moral claims and beliefs, instead, concept abolitionists can make use of alternative utterances and attitudes that share salient characteristics with moral claims and beliefs, allowing for a kind of theorizing that is practically oriented, impartial, involves the traditional subject matters and methods of normative ethics, and allows engagement with the arguments of traditional moral philosophers.
Direct and indirect relations between family conflict and youth's later behavioral outcomes
Authors: Streit Cara , Carlo Gustavo , Ispa Jean M. , Palermo Francisco
Published: September 2020

The present study examined the associations between family conflict during toddlerhood and children's prosocial and aggressive behaviors approximately 9 years later, as well as whether maternal supportiveness and children's self‐regulation mediate those associations. Family conflict has been identified as a risk factor for children's well‐being and behavioral problems. However, these studies often are confined to conflict during childhood, and few studies have considered the long‐term effects of conflict in toddlerhood on outcomes in late childhood. Participants were 2,215 mothers and their children (49.3% female) from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Families were followed from 15 months to fifth grade. Findings demonstrated direct effects of family conflict on children's aggressive behaviors and indirect effects (via maternal supportiveness) of family conflict on youth's prosocial behaviors. The present study highlights the possible long term, deleterious effects of family conflict on parenting, children's self‐regulatory skills, and social behaviors.
A Local Heritage and Climate Nexus: The Past in Planning for Climate Change on the Dutch island of Goeree‐overflakkee
Authors: Egberts Linde , Renes Hans
Published: September 2020

Climate change poses worldwide challenges, perhaps most in coastal areas. Governments on different scales respond with planning and policy measures, many with drastic impact. In this paper we assess the role of cultural heritage in planning for climate change on the former island Goeree‐Overflakkee in the Netherlands. We do so by exploring the theoretical discourse on the nexus of climate change and heritage discourses and relating these to an analysis of mitigation and adaptation measures on the island of Goeree‐Overflakkee in the Dutch river delta. It appears that the scale and political urgency of climate change induces involvement of many different governments, resulting in an inconsistent integration of cultural heritage in these plans and policies. These outcomes demonstrate that in order to integrate heritage in climate adaptation and mitigation planning, governments cannot rely on established planning traditions for other spatial challenges.
Factors associated with healthcare seeking behaviour for children in Malawi: 2016
Authors: Ng'ambi Wingston , Mangal Tara , Phillips Andrew , Colbourn Tim , Mfutso‐Bengo Joseph , Revill Paul , Hallett Timothy B.
Published: September 2020

Objective

To characterise health seeking behaviour (HSB) and determine its predictors amongst children in Malawi in 2016.

Methods

We used the 2016 Malawi Integrated Household Survey data set. The outcome of interest was HSB, defined as seeking care at a health facility amongst people who reported one or more of a list of possible symptoms given on the questionnaire in the past two weeks. We fitted a multivariate logistic regression model of HSB using a forward step‐wise selection method, with age, sex and symptoms entered as a priori variables.

Results

Of 5350 children, 1666 (32%) had symptoms in the past two weeks. Of the 1666, 1008 (61%) sought care at health facility. The children aged 5–14 years were less likely to be taken to health facilities for health care than those aged 0–4 years. Having fever vs. not having fever and having a skin problem vs. not having skin problem were associated with increased likelihood of HSB. Having a headache vs. not having a headache was associated with lower likelihood of accessing care at health facilities (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26–0.96, P = 0.04). Children from urban areas were more likely to be taken to health facilities for health care (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.17–2.85, P = 0.008), as were children from households with a high wealth status (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.25–2.78, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

There is a need to understand and address individual, socio‐economic and geographical barriers to health seeking to increase access and use of health care and fast‐track progress towards Universal Health Coverage.
A mitochondrial prolyl aminopeptidase PAP2 releases N‐terminal proline and regulates proline homeostasis during stress response
Authors: Ghifari Abi S. , Teixeira Pedro F. , Kmiec Beata , Pružinská Adriana , Glaser Elzbieta , Murcha Monika W.
Published: September 2020

Significance Statement

Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesised in the cytosol and targeted into the organelle via N‐terminal targeting peptides that are cleaved upon import. The free targeting peptide is subsequently processed in a stepwise manner, with single amino acids released as final products. Here, we have characterised a proline‐cleaving aminopeptidase in Arabidopsis thaliana, prolyl aminopeptidase‐2 (PAP2, At3g61540). Activity assays show that PAP2 has a preferred activity to hydrolyse N‐terminal proline. Protein localisation studies revealed that PAP2 is exclusively targeted to mitochondria. Characterisation of pap2 mutants show defective pollen, enhanced dark‐induced senescence and increased susceptibility to abiotic stresses, which are likely attributed to a reduced level of accumulated free proline. Taken together, these results demonstrate the role of PAP2 in proline cleavage from mitochondrial peptides and proline homeostasis, which is required for the development of male gametophyte, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and leaf senescence.
Blue genome: chromosome‐scale genome reveals the evolutionary and molecular basis of indigo biosynthesis in Strobilanthes cusia
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhang Libin , Cunningham Anthony B. , Li Shan , Zhuang Huifu , Wang Yuhua , Liu Aizhong
Published: September 2020

Natural plant dyes have been developed and used across many traditional societies worldwide. The blue pigment indigo has seen widespread usage across South America, Egypt, Europe, India and China for thousands of years, mainly extracted from indigo‐rich plants. The utilization and genetic engineering of indigo in industries and ethnobotanical studies on the effects of cultural selection on plant domestication are limited due to lack of relevant genetic and genomic information of dye plants. Strobilanthes cusia (Acanthaceae) is a typical indigo‐rich plant important to diverse ethnic cultures in many regions of Asia. Here we present a chromosome‐scale genome for S. cusia with a genome size of approximately 865 Mb. About 79% of the sequences were identified as repetitive sequences and 32 148 protein‐coding genes were annotated. Metabolic analysis showed that the main indigoid pigments (indican, indigo and indirubin) were mainly synthesized in the leaves and stems of S. cusia. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression level of genes encoding metabolic enzymes such as monooxygenase, uridine diphosphate‐glycosyltransferase and β‐glucosidase were significantly changed in leaves and stems compared with root tissues, implying their participation in indigo biosynthesis. We found that several gene families involved in indigo biosynthesis had undergone an expansion in number, with functional differentiation likely facilitating indigo biosynthesis in S. cusia. This study provides insight into the physiological and molecular bases of indigo biosynthesis, as well as providing genomic data that provide the basis for further study of S. cusia cultivation by Asia’s traditional textile producers.
NT‐proBNP levels in the identification and classification of pulmonary transfusion reactions
Authors: Roubinian Nareg H. , Chowdhury Dhuly , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Gottschall Jerome L. , Looney Mark R. , Matthay Michael A. , Kor Daryl J. , Brambilla Donald , Kleinman Steven H. , Murphy Edward L. ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: September 2020

Background

Consensus definitions for transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO) have recently been revised; however, pulmonary transfusion reactions remain difficult to diagnose. We hypothesized that N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels could have utility in the identification and classification of pulmonary transfusion reactions.

Study design and methods

We performed a secondary analysis of a case‐control study of pulmonary transfusion reactions at four academic hospitals. We evaluated clinical data and measured NT‐proBNP levels prior to and following transfusion in patients with TACO (n = 160), transfused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [n = 51], TRALI [n = 12], TACO/TRALI [n = 7], and controls [n = 335]. We used Wilcoxon Rank‐Sum tests to compare NT‐proBNP levels, and classification and regression tree (CART) algorithms to produce a ranking of covariates in order of relative importance for differentiating TACO from transfused controls.

Results

Pre‐transfusion NT‐proBNP levels were elevated in cases of transfused ARDS and TACO (both P < .001) but not TRALI (P = .31) or TACO/TRALI (P = .23) compared to transfused controls. Pre‐transfusion NT‐proBNP levels were higher in cases of transfused ARDS or TRALI with a diagnosis of sepsis compared to those without (P < .05 for both). CART analyses resulted in similar differentiation of patients with TACO from transfused controls for models utilizing either NT‐proBNP levels (AUC 0.83) or echocardiogram results (AUC 0.80).

Conclusions

NT‐proBNP levels may have utility in the classification of pulmonary transfusion reactions. Prospective studies are needed to test the predictive utility of pre‐transfusion NT‐proBNP in conjunction with other clinical factors in identifying patients at risk of pulmonary transfusion reactions.
Characterization of postoperative “fibrin web” formation after canine cataract surgery
Authors: Dowler Kourtney K. , Middleton John R. , Dufour Simon , Hood Margaret A. , Giuliano Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To describe the occurrence and associated factors for “fibrin web” (FW) formation following phacoemulsification in dogs.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records of all dogs undergoing phacoemulsification (MU‐Veterinary Health Center, 2014‐2018) was conducted to associate FW formation with signalment, systemic co‐morbidities, cataract stage, surgeon (resident vs faculty), phacoemulsification time, IOL, and intracameral injections including viscoelastic type. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations among variables with FW formation.

Results

Data from 398 eyes on 201 dogs were included; 4 left eyes (4 dogs) developed presumptive endophthalmitis and were excluded from further analysis. Forty‐eight eyes did not have cataract surgery. Hence, 350 eyes on 201 dogs were included in the analyses. Among these, 84 eyes (59 dogs) developed a FW. Univariate analyses showed that the odds of FW increased with age and phacoemulsification time. Additionally, FW web was associated lens type, lens brand, and viscoelastic type. Multivariate analyses showed that when comparing lens types in combination with a particular viscoelastic, viscoelastic impacted the estimated prevalence of FW formation the most. In contrast, when the data were analyzed by lens brand, lens brand impacted prevalence more than viscoelastic type. Diabetes mellitus was not associated with FW formation.

Conclusions

Based on the available data, intraocular lens implantation, viscoelastic type, dog age, and phacoemulsification time were associated with FW formation. Diabetes mellitus, gender, cataract stage, surgeon, intracameral injections other than viscoeleastic, and intra‐ and postoperative complications were not associated with FW formation.
Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study among Indian transfusion medicine experts regarding peer review process
Authors: Patidar Gopal K. , Dhiman Yashaswi , Kumawat Vijay
Published: September 2020

Background

A good peer review process produces well‐constructed and analysed studies for scientific world. Reviewer’s issues regarding peer review process need to be addressed to improve the quality of scientific manuscript.

Aim

To analyse knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Indian transfusion medicine (TM) experts on peer review process.

Methods

This prospective online survey‐based KAP study was conducted from 1 October 2019 to 29 February 2020. Thirty‐three multiple‐choice questions were sent to 573 TM experts through e‐mail. Monthly reminders were sent for 3 months before inactivation of survey, and responses were analysed.

Results

Out of 573, only 80 (13·96%) experts completed the survey. To become a reviewer, active participation in research community was the most common reason (45%). Double‐blind peer review was the most preferred type (76·25%) of review which was mostly reviewed within 2–5 days (49·37%). TM reviewers primarily focused on methodology (67·50%) and results (68·75%) sections, while reasons for rejection was poor study design and methodology (65%). Access to cited article in a manuscript by editorial office was expected by 76·25% reviewers. 80% reviewers were aware of peer review guidelines but only 30% regularly updated themselves. Reviewers (70%) did not attend any workshop related to peer review process. Free journal subscription (61·25%) and acknowledgement certificate (58·75%) are preferable kind of encouragement for TM reviewers.

Conclusion

Formal training and workshops on peer review process needs to be introduced on a national or international scale along with acknowledgements for reviewers to motivate them for refined manuscripts.
Computed tomography in two recumbencies aides in the identification of pulmonary bullae in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Dickson Rachel , Scharf Valery F. , Nelson Nathan C. , Petrovitch Nicholas , Keenihan Erin K. , Mathews Kyle G.
Published: September 2020

Spontaneous pneumothorax presents a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in veterinary medicine, specifically with regard to accurate identification of bullous lesions. Positioning of dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax during CT has not previously been evaluated. This retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study was performed to evaluate the sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and interobserver variability for detection of pulmonary bullae with dogs positioned in multiple recumbencies. Dogs underwent CT in sternal and dorsal recumbency followed by thoracic exploration via median sternotomy. Three American College of Veterinary Radiology‐certified veterinary radiologists blinded to surgical findings reviewed dorsal and sternal images simultaneously. Severity of pneumothorax, degree of atelectasis, lesion location and size, and view in which lesions were most confidently identified were compared to surgical and histologic findings. Sensitivities and PPVs for bulla detection ranged from 57.7% to 69.2% and 62.1% to 78.9%, respectively. For two of the 3 radiologists, the location of bullae in the thorax was significantly associated with the recumbency in which the lesion was best identified. Degree of atelectasis was found to be associated with the ability to identify lesions (P ≤ .02). The interobserver variability for identification was good (κ = 0.670). The sensitivity of CT when performed in both sternal and dorsal recumbency is similar to that previously reported. Because the distribution of bullae is unknown prior to advanced imaging and bulla location affects which recumbency is most useful for identification, acquisition of CT images in both sternal and dorsal recumbency may improve detection of bullous lesions and aid surgical planning.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Willianms Ellery
Published: September 2020

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3Andrzej Niemiec, Poznań University of Economics and Business, PolandAnnu Tomar, Indian Institute of Management, IndiaAshford Chea, Benedict College, USADalia Susniene, Kaunas University of Technology, LithuaniaDereje Teklemariam Gebremeskel, Ethiopian Civil Service University, EthiopiaFuLi Zhou, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, ChinaIulia Cristina Muresan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaJason Caudill, King University, USAJayalakshmy Ramachandran, Multimedia University, MalaysiaJulia Stefanova, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BulgariaLucie Andreisová, University of Economics in Prague, CzechM Fernando, European Campus of Graduate and Professional , Sri LankaMarica Ion Dumitrasco, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaMichael Okoche, University of South Africa, UgandaMike Rayner, University of Portsmouth, UKMythili Kolluru, College of Banking and Financial Studies, OmanRashedul Hasan, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaSandeep Kumar, Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies, Affiliated to GGSIP University Delgi, IndiaTetiana Paientko, Kyiv National Economic Univercity, UkraineYang Zhao, Sanofi Genzyme, USAZeki Atıl Bulut, Dokuz Eylul University, TurkeyZoran Mastilo, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Ellery WillianmsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Business and Management StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://bms.redfame.com
Physical Activity Experiences of Adolescent Girls Living in a Rural Community
Authors: Zuest Luciana
Published: September 2020

This study explored the daily life physical activity (PA) experiences of 11 adolescent girls living in a rural community in the Northwest of the United States. This qualitative study employed visual methods to explore adolescent girls’ PA experiences in their daily lives. Specifically, this study used visual diaries and photo-elicitation interviews to capture girls’ PA experiences. Data from this study revealed two distinct PA patterns among the 11 participants: casual movers and sporty girls. Casual movers have a much less structured approach to PA. They engage in a wide variety of PA types—mostly individual forms of PA and PA geared towards recreation. They describe fun, enjoyment, and task mastery as their main motivations to be physically active. Casual movers often engage in PA with family members and are compelled to be active outdoors and in their homes or neighborhoods. In contrast, all five sporty girls belong to competitive sports teams and have a more structured PA routine. They seek performance improvement and have high perceptions of physical competence. Sporty girls value being active with their teammates and receive strong support from their families in the form of encouragement, role modeling, and financial/structural assistance. Sporty girls feel confident being active in their schools’ fields, courts, and gymnasiums, but also appreciate the outdoors environment. Findings from this study support the need for schools to increase access to PA opportunities that are not focused on skill or fitness performance, thus appealing to casual movers’ approach to physical movement.
How can we adapt complex population health interventions for new contexts? Progressing debates and research priorities
Authors: Evans Rhiannon Emily , Moore Graham , Movsisyan Ani , Rehfuess Eva
Published: September 2020

Introduction

The UK Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research have funded the ADAPT study (2018–2020), to develop methodological guidance for the adaptation of complex population health interventions for new contexts. While there have been advances in frameworks, there are key theoretical and methodological debates to progress. The ADAPT study convened a panel meeting to identify and enrich these debates. This paper presents the panel’s discussions and suggests directions for future research.

Methods

Sixteen researchers and one policymaker convened for a 1-day meeting in July 2019. The aim was to reflect on emerging study findings (systematic review of adaptation guidance; scoping review of case examples; and qualitative interviews with funders, journal editors, researchers and policymakers), progress theoretical and methodological debates, and consider where innovation may be required to address research gaps.

Discussion

Despite the proliferation of adaptation frameworks, questions remain over the definition of basic concepts (eg, adaptation). The rationale for adaptation, which often focuses on differences between contexts, may lead to adaptation hyperactivity. Equal emphasis should be placed on similarities. Decision-making about intervention modification currently privileges the concept of ‘core components’, and work is needed to progress the use and operationalisation of ‘functional fidelity’. Language and methods must advance to ensure meaningful engagement with diverse stakeholders in adaptation processes. Further guidance is required to assess the extent of re-evaluation required in the new context. A better understanding of different theoretical perspectives, notably complex systems thinking, implementation science and realist evaluation may help in enhancing research on adaptation.
Upregulation of bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor in ovarian cancer and its critical role for cancer cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Miao Juan , Zhang Min , Huang Xiaohao , Xu Lei , Tang Ranran , Wang Huan , Han Suping
Published: September 2020

Bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor (BPTF) is a core subunit of the nucleosome-remodeling factor (NURF) complex, which plays an important role in the development of several cancers. However, it is unknown whether BPTF regulates the progression of ovarian cancer (OC). To investigate this, we measured the relative expression levels of BPTF in OC cell lines and tissues using Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and the results were analyzed using the χ2 test. We also examined the effects from BPTF knockdown on the proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and apoptosis of OC cell lines. Mechanistic studies revealed that these effects were achieved through simultaneous modulation of multiple signaling pathways. We found that BPTF was highly expressed in OC cell lines and tissues compared with a normal human ovarian epithelial cell line and non-cancerous tissues (P < 0.05). These results are also supported by the public RNA-seq data. BPTF overexpression was correlated with a poor prognosis for OC patient survival (P < 0.05). In vitro experiments revealed that the downregulation of BPTF inhibited OC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasiveness, and induced apoptosis. BPTF knockdown also affected the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathways and induced the cleavage of apoptosis-related proteins. Consequently, BPTF plays a critical role in OC cell survival, and functions as a potential therapeutic target for OC.
Angular and polarization observables for Majorana-mediated B decays with effective interactions
Authors: Duarte Lucía , Zapata Gabriel , Sampayo Oscar A.
Published: September 2020

We probe the effective field theory extending the Standard Model with a sterile neutrino in B meson decays at B factories and lepton colliders, using angular and polarization observables. We put bounds on different effective operators characterized by their distinct Dirac–Lorentz structure, and probe the N-mediated B decays sensitivity to these interactions. We define a forward–backward asymmetry $$A_\mathrm{FB}^{\ell \gamma }$$

A

FB

ℓ
γ

between the muon and photon directions for the $$B \rightarrow \mu \nu \gamma $$

B
→
μ
ν
γ

decay, which allows us to separate the SM contribution from the effective lepton number conserving and violating processes, mediated by a near on-shell N. Using the most stringent constraints on the effective parameter space from Belle and BaBar we find that a measurement of the final polarization $$P_{\tau }$$

P
τ

in the rare $$B^-\rightarrow \ell ^-_{1}\ell ^-_{2} \pi ^+$$

B
-

→

ℓ
1
-

ℓ
2
-

π
+

decays can help us infer the scalar or vector interaction content in the N production or decay vertices. We find that the B meson decays are more sensitive to scalar operators.
A Modern Fortran Interface in OpenSHMEM Need for Interoperability with Parallel Fortran Using Coarrays
Authors: Namashivayam Naveen , Long Bill , Eachempati Deepak , Cernohous Bob , Pagel Mark
Published: September 2020

Languages and libraries based on Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming models are convenient for exploiting scalable parallelism on large applications across different domains with irregular memory access patterns. OpenSHMEM is a PGAS-based library interface specification. As a result of using legacy non-standard Fortran features, support for Fortran language bindings is deprecated in OpenSHMEM specification version 1.4. In this work, we propose a new OpenSHMEM interface using the Fortran-C interoperability bind(C) feature introduced in Fortran 2003 language standard. This new interface is implemented over the existing C-language bindings in the OpenSHMEM specification. Through this work, we intend to showcase the expressiveness of the new proposed interface, along with its productivity and performance benefits that can be extracted in applications with irregular memory access patterns.
Variation of LED Display Color Affected by Chromaticity and Luminance of LED Display Primary Colors
Authors: Mao Xinyue , Zheng Xifeng , Wang Ruiguang , Cheng Hongbin , Chen Yu
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the effect of LED display is increasingly important in the LED display field. Primary colors’ chromaticity and luminance of LED display as crucial elements influence the LED display color. Therefore, there is a need for color mapping algorithms that indicate the relationship between primary colors and display color’s chromaticity and luminance. In this paper, two mathematical models have been developed. One has shown the display color’s chromaticity and luminance affected by luminance of primary colors change. The other one has shown a complicated relationship that primary color is mixed by other primary colors to change chromaticity first and then the mixed primary is used as “new LED primary color.” In both mathematical models, CIE x∗y∗Y color space was used as the mutual color space; thus, there was a specific variation tendency of colors with luminance or chromaticity of primary colors change in this color space. The newly designed mathematical models can consistently guide us how to acquire the desired display color by changing luminance or chromaticity of primary colors. Therefore, it has important engineering application value.
An Improved Deep Spatial-Temporal Hybrid Model for Bus Speed Prediction
Authors: Zhai Huawei , Cui Licheng , Zhang Weishi , Xu Xiaowei , Tian Ruijie
Published: September 2020

For resolving or alleviating the transportation problems, it is necessary to efficiently manage the public transportation and provide public transport services with high quality and advocate green travel, which rely on accurate traffic data. In order to obtain more accurate bus speed in the future, this paper proposed a novel dynamic hierarchical spatial-temporal network model based on Grey Relation Analysis (EGRA), the convolutional neural network (CNN), and the gated recurrent unit (GRU). The proposed model is named the DHSTN; it exploited EGRA to analyze and choose the suitable candidate line sections with high impacts on the target section and, then, construct a multilayer structure based on the CNN, GRU, and attention mechanism to analyze and capture the spatial and temporal dependency, and finally, the extreme learning machine (ELM) is exploited for the fusion of the long-term and short-term dependency to predict the bus speed variation in the next time interval. Comparative experiments indicate that the DHSTN has better performances, the mean absolute error is around 2.6, and it meets the real requirements.
The Association of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Mengxia , Li Lin-ling , Zhao Qian-qian , Peng Xiao-dong , Wu Kui , Li Xin , Ruan Yan-Fei , Bai Rong , Liu Nian , Ma Chang Sheng
Published: September 2020

Background. There are distinct results for the relationship between new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) and subsequent incident cancer. To date, no systematic analysis has been conducted on this issue. This study aims to explore the relationship between NOAF and the risk of developing cancer through a meta-analysis with a large sample size. Methods. Electronic databases, such as PubMed and EMBASE, were searched for published relevant studies on NOAF patients diagnosed with cancer after and during follow-ups, including reported records of baseline information and the statistical result of morbidity. Two investigators independently reviewed the articles and extracted the data using uniform standards and definitions. The meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Program Review Manager. Results. This meta-analysis consisted of five cohort studies and one case-control study, which comprised 533,514 participants. The pooled relative risk (RR) for incident cancer was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.10–1.39, P=0.0003). The temporal trend analysis demonstrated that an increased risk of cancer was observed during the initial 90 days (RR: 3.44, 95% CI: 2.29–5.57, P<0.00001), but not after that. Lung cancer (RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.47–1.55, P<0.00001) was associated with NOAF, but not colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Conclusion. This meta-analysis provides evidence that NOAF is associated with increased risk of cancer. The risk of incident cancer particularly increases within 90 days after NOAF diagnosis, but not after that.
Early Identification of Residual Tumors following Microwave Ablation Using Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography in a Rabbit VX2 Liver Cancer Model
Authors: Yi Huiming , Cai Baohuan , Ai Xi , Li Kaiyan , Song Pengfei , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2020

Objective. It is difficult to evaluate the ablation effect immediately after thermal ablation of liver cancer by clinical imaging methods, due to the immediate formation of an annular inflammatory reaction band (IRB). This study is aimed at exploring the early identification indicators of the IRB and residual tumor postmicrowave ablation (MVA) using contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). Methods. MVA was used to inactivate part of the tumor nodules in rabbit VX2 liver cancer models, leading to the coexistence of the IRB with residual tumors. Quantitative analysis of the perfusion parameters of the tumor and ablation zone was performed using CEUS, followed by liver biopsy and VEGFR‐2 immunohistochemical staining. Results. All rabbits successfully tolerated VX2 tumor inoculation and MVA operation. No statistically significant difference existed between the IRB vs. residual tumors, the IRB vs. junctional areas, and residual tumors postablation vs. VX2 tumors before ablation in regional blood volume, blood velocity, and blood flow estimated by parameters A, k, and A∗k of CEUS quantitative analysis. There was a statistically significant difference between the IRB and normal liver parenchyma in regional blood velocity and blood flow (p = 0.005 and p = 0.023, respectively). Normal liver parenchyma showed nonspecific VEGFR‐2 staining, while VX2 tumor before ablation and residual tumor after ablation both showed positive VEGFR‐2 staining; the necrosis zone showed negative staining by VEGFR‐2 immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion. MVA had no significant effect on the residual tumor hemodynamics. The blood flow in the IRB increased significantly as compared to normal liver parenchyma, resembling tumor hemodynamic patterns. CEUS can detect residual tumors immediately postablation only when they protrude from the annular‐shaped IRB. In addition, VEGFR‐2 targeted CEUS may have a great potential for detecting residual tumor after thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
[Retracted] High‐Fat Diet Promotes DSS‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Downregulated FXR Expression through the TGFB Pathway
Authors: Zhao Di , Cai Chenwen , Chen Qiyi , Jin Shuang , Yang Bo , Li Ning
Published: September 2020

Ulcerative colitis is one of the IBD which cause a chronic intestinal inflammation and dysfunctional of the mucosal barrier. For now, the incident of UC was steadily increased all over the world. It has become a novel independent risk factor of several severe diseases especially colon‐rectal cancer. However, the etiology of UC was still obscure. Previous studies show that high‐fat diet contributed to the pathogenesis of immune system dysregulation, and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was also implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory symptoms. Yet, their inner roles in the pathogenesis of UC have not been mentioned. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of FXR in UC. High‐fat diet (HFD) promotes the progression of DSS‐induced UC, shows an increasing secretion of bile acid in serum, and leads to a downregulation of FXR target genes (FXRα, Shp, and lbabp). Adding FXR agonist FexD rescues the phenotype induced by high‐fat diet, whereas TGFBRI inhibitor SB431542 abrogates the restoration by FexD in DSS‐induced UC mice. To further verify the relationship between the FXR and TGFB signaling pathway, we made a UC‐HFD model in the Caco2 cell line. Results shows the same conclusion that FXR mitigate UC inflammation through a TGFB‐dependent pathway. These results expand the role of FXR in ulcerative colitis and suggest that FXR activation may be considered a therapeutic strategy for UC.