bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing The Role of Peace Journalism to Sustain Social Cohesion: Case Study of TLP protest in Pakistan
Authors: Mehdi Anser
Published: November 2023

Media, the fourth pillar of the state, plays a significant role in shaping the society and perception building of individuals and communities. Though media rapidly grew in Pakistan in Musharraf’s era, therefore a room of legislation, well-articulated policies and structured strategies were lacking. These shortcomings have an inclination towards peace and stability of social cohesion. The comprehensive policy plan of media in collaboration with the rest of the three pillars of state remained questionable. This impediment of policy boosted the chaos with any upcoming conflict or movement. Subsequently, the persistent movement of Tahreek e Labaik Pakistan (TLP) in Pakistan hampered the fabric of social cohesion and dully impaired by the exaggerated reporting through media. For an in-depth analysis of the role of media in strengthening society, a dire need to have comprehensive knowledge of internal and external issues of Pakistan, the complexities of media and finding out its relevance with Gatekeeping theory of communication studies. The immensity of the subject necessitates to select and compare news reported on TLP through top-rated news channels of Pakistan (PTV News, Geo TV and SAMAA News) to have concrete evidences of peace journalism and its impact on social cohesion. Finally, this paper endeavors to address the multifaceted and challenging phenomenon of peace journalism and establish a linkage to prosperous social cohesion and draw lessons from the role of Government in limiting and controlling media during the protest of TLP in recent years. Furthermore, the social responsibility of media makes all broadcasting channels accountable for any mislead or misperception among the masses through the narrative building.
Indian Foreign Policy towards Pakistan during Modi Era: Assessing the Role of Ideology - Hindu Nationalism
Authors: Azam Adeela
Published: November 2023

Foreign policy conduct of a State, executed by its leaders, broadly reflects various patterns of its experiences, beliefs and policies. Domestic factors coupled with systemic pressures play an important role in shaping states’ behavior. In addition to various domestic and external factors, leadership and its ideological association play an important role in a country’s foreign policy formulation and conduct. Nevertheless, the belief system, politico-religious identity of the statesman is reflected through his foreign policy conduct. With Modi in power, Hindu nationalism has been on the rise wherein Hindu nationalists feel permitted to undermine religious minorities (Muslims) in India, Kashmiris in Indian Illegally Occupied Kashmir (IIOK) and neighbors including Pakistan. Thus, the rise of Hindu nationalism has not just challenged the secular identity of India but has also affected India’s interaction both at the domestic and international levels. BJP’s policies and actions during Modi’s tenure have undeniably eroded India’s secular identity. Modi, having a politico-religious ideology of Hindutva, has adopted a policy of belligerence towards Muslims and Pakistan. Since India’s politico-religious party – Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) – under the leadership of Modi has come to power, India’s relationship with Pakistan has been at its lowest ebb. The objective of the study is to understand the role of Hindu nationalism on Indian foreign policy behavior towards Pakistan.
The Rise of China in the Historical Context
Authors: Hassan Muhammad
Published: November 2023

To understand the rise of China in the current era, it is important to understand its rise in the historical context, especially, its political, economic, and military history. The article takes the Qing dynasty as a starting point for its study because of its significance as one of the most advanced dynasties in the history of China and because the Qing dynasty represents the larger China of the current era. The internal weaknesses of China led to the incursion of the western powers that ultimately led to the Opium War of 1840, which resulted in an increase in the western sphere of influence in China. China considers it a century of humiliation. The establishment of the Republic of China in 1911 and the CCP revolution of 1949 depict that China wants a complete hold over its territory with no external influence in its domestic affairs. Furthermore, the reforms made by Mao, Deng, and Xi have had an impact on the rise of China. Do all these reforms made in the post-Mao era manifest Chinese expansionist designs as perceived by the western powers and the neighboring countries? The article is of the view that China’s domestic problems would make it less possible for to challenge major powers and neighboring countries. The article is descriptive while enlightening the Chinese research students that current Chinese international relations behavior has its roots in the past.
Politicization of Public Administration: A Case Study of Capital City Police Officers (CCPOs) of Lahore
Authors: Khalid Talha , Waleed Bin Mujahid
Published: November 2023

The study aims to identify the reason behind the abrupt transfer of CCPOs of Lahore from 2018 to 2022. It examines the client-patron relation between these officers and political elites by reviewing literature, secondary data and through semi-structured interviews as well. It shows how public offices, specifically the police department, are politicized in Pakistan? The four elements given by Hicken in his theory of clientelism – are used to analyze the data collected through secondary sources and interviews. It is found that abrupt transfers of CCPOs of Lahore are politicized and not based on performance. The study shows the presence of client-patron relations between officers transferred to and from the CCPO post and political elites who controlled these transfers. On the basis of the findings, the following recommendations are made: political will, public participation, separation of power, non-politicization of police departments, societal changes, public awareness and merit-based promotion in order to rectify the situation.
EVALUASI BIAYA KEMOTERAPI PASIEN EARLY BREAST CANCER DI RSUD TUGUREJO SEMARANG PERIODE JULI-DESEMBER 2018
Authors: Wilis Rakhmadhanti  , Fef Rukminingsih
Published: November 2023

Early breast cancer (EBC) is defined as with or without in a breast cancer, but it has not metastasized to wider tissue. Chemotherapy expense  has 59% portion of the total cost of cander patients at the hospital. There were 137 EBC patients visit during January-March 2018 conducted at Tugurejo Regional Hospital Semarang. Therefore, research is needed to evaluate the cost of chemotherapy in EBC patient in Tugurejo  Hospital Semarang. This study was an observational descriptive study with a cross sectional study design. Data sources were gained from Medical Record (MR) data and billing / billing data for National Health Insurance (JKN) participant patients with an EBC diagnosis undergoing chemotherapy at Tugurejo Hospital Semarang in the period July-December 2018. The inclusion criteria for this study was JKN patients with EBC diagnosis age 17 -65 years who did chemotherapy at Tugurejo General Hospital Semarang in the period July-December 2018. Data was processed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of evaluation of  the cost of chemotherapy for EBC patients at Tugurejo Hospital Semarang in the period July-December 2018 were done with the regimen Doxorubicin-Doxetacel-Fluorouracil (AT-F) Rp 3.683.388,00 ± 193.960, Doxetacel-Epirubicin-Fluorouracil (TE-F) Rp 4.342.914 00 ± 37.614, Fluorouracil-Epirubicin-Cyclofosphamid (FEC) Rp 2.929.464,00 ± 193.960, Fluorouracil-Doxorubicin-Cyclofosphamid (FAC) amounting to Rp2.471.671,00 ± 193.960.
ANALISIS CEMARAN LOGAM BERAT KADMIUM (Cd) DALAM JAMU PEGAL LINU DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA)
Authors: Gabriel Lauranita Geovanny Devi  , Maria Mita Susanti
Published: November 2023

Pegal linu traditional medicine is one of tradisional medicine that are in great demand by the community, such as in the district of Mranggen, Demak, as much as 66,50% of the people consume pegal linu traditional medicine. One of the security aspects that need to be considered in traditional medicine is the presence of heavy metal contamination. The research aims to determine the levels of Cd heavy metals in pegal linu traditional medicine with capsule dosage forms that are based on the district of Mranggen, Demak are in accordance with the regulation of BPOM RI in 2014 regrading heavy metal contamination in traditional medicines, ≤ 0,3 mg/kg. This research use explorative experimental, including : sampling, sample preparation used wet closed destruction method with HNO3 and H2SO4 (3:1)  of the destruction solution in the Kjeldhal flask, qualitative analysis of Cd with color test and Cd quantitative analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results of the quantitative analysis in this study did not show the metal content of Cd, this was due the small Cd content in the sample. Quantitative analysis shows that the Cd level in 12 sampels of pegal linu traditional medicine circulating in the distric of Mranggen, Demak exceeded the threshold of heavy metal contamination determined by BPOM RI in 2014 with the highest average levels of 18,86 mg/kg and the lower average levels of 7,38 mg/kg.
HIPERTENSI EMERGENSI DI INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH (RSUD) TUGUREJO SEMARANG
Authors: Setyoningrum Pujiastuti  , Fef Rukminingsih
Published: November 2023

A sudden increase in blood pressure reaching> 180/120 mmHg accompanied by involvement of organ damage is called hypertensive emergencies. Nationwide Emergency Department recorded visits of hypertensive emergency cases as much as 3309 million in 2006 and 6178 million in 2013. The Hospital data information system (SIMRS) in Tugurejo Regional Hospital Semarang in 2017 found that the number of patients diagnosed with hypertension reached 1,125 patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of antihypertension in hypertensive emergency patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Tugurejo Hospital Semarang in the period January - December 2018. This study is a descriptive observational study using retrospective data. Data retrieval was done by looking at the medical record data of patients with hypertensive emergencies who received hypertension therapy in the ICU Tugurejo Hospital in the period January - December 2018. Data were analyzed based on patient characteristics, antihypertensive use patterns and evaluation of antihypertensive use. The number of patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 58 patients. The results of this study indicate that the suitability of antihypertensive use in decreasing systolic blood pressure at 1 hour, 2 – 6 hours, 24 – 48 hours in a row is 81.03%; 24.14%; 20.93%. Whereas for a decrease in diastolic blood pressure at 1 hour, 2 – 6 hours, 24 – 48 hours respectively 77.59%; 43.10%; 74.42% according to the ACC / AHA guidelines (2018).
Persepsi Orang Tua Terhadap Pentingnya Pemberian Penambah Nafsu Makan Di Posyandu Desa Pamriyan
Authors: Dra. Metta Dewi, M.Si.,Apt.  , Itsna Diah Kusumaningrum
Published: November 2023

Pemberian nafsu makan dianggap penting ketika anak mulai diberikan asupan makanan selain ASI yaitu pada usia 6 bulan pada saat usia tersebut anak mulai diberikan makanan yang mudah dicerna. Persepsi tehadap penambah nafsu makan merupakan faktor utama yang diteliti pada orang tua yang mengikuti Posyandu di Desa Pamriyan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi orang tua terhadap pentingnya penambah nafsu makan anak di Desa Pamriyan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan membagikan kuesioner secara langsung pada subyek peneliti sebanyak 50 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar orang tua (68%) menjawab kandungan penambah nafsu makan adalah vitamin, dan tidak ada hubungan antara berat badan anak, frekuensi makan anak, usia pemberian MPASI, makanan anak telah memenuhi PGS terhadap pentingnya p
Evaluasi Kelengkapan Administratif dan Farmasetis Resep di Poliklinik Anak Rumah Sakit Karanggede Sisma Medika Boyolali
Authors: Paulina Maya Octasari  , Patriana Agustin Windasari
Published: November 2023

Prescription screening is one of the pharmaceutical services carried out by reviewing prescriptions according to administrative, pharmaceutical and clinical requirements. Administrative and pharmaceutical requirements ensure the legality of prescriptions, correct identification and successful treatment of patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the administrative and pharmaceutical completeness of prescriptions at the Children's Polyclinic Karanggede Sisma Medika Hospital Boyolali. This research was carried out in an observational descriptive manner with retrospective data from prescriptions at the Children's Polyclinic at Karanggede Sisma Medika Boyolali Hospital for the period July – September 2021, with a total sample of 215 prescription sheets. The complete administrative prescription data includes the patient's name, medical record number, gender, date of birth, doctor's name, doctor's initials and date of prescription. Complete prescription pharmaceutical data include the name of the drug, the dosage form, the strength of the preparation, the dosage unit, the amount of the drug, the rules for use and how to use it. The data were analyzed quantitatively to determine the percentage of administrative completeness, pharmaceutical completeness, and both. The study was conducted with 215 prescriptions. The results of this study showed that 43.72% of prescriptions were administratively complete which consisted of 100% of the patient's names. As many as 60% are complete pharmaceutically consisting of the name of the drug, the form of the drug and the amount of the drug by 100%, and 28.37% complete both.
Efek Kurang Tidur Terhadap Kinerja Akademik
Authors: Susi Lisdawati Nababan  , Puput Iswandyah Raysharie  , Luluk Tri Harinie  , Yaya Meyrianisa  , Riza Rivandi  , Selviana Frastika  , Lola Siskana  , Gusti Mario Andana  , Desman Adiguna Lumangaol  , Amar Baihaqi  , Putra Hutabalian  , Muhammad Wahyu Setiawan
Published: November 2023

Seorang bisa dikatakan tidur nyenyak jika tak memberikan aneka macam pertanda kurang tidur serta tak mengalami gangguan tidur. Kaum muda, terutama mahasiswa, sering menderita gangguan tidur, yang dapat mengakibatkan masalah kesehatan dan prestasi akademik.  Karena proses pembelajaran terganggu, hal ini dapat mengakibatkan prestasi belajar yang di bawah rata-rata.  Penelitian ini dilakukan agar mengetahui bagaimana hubungan capaian belajar mahasiswa semester genap Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis dengan kualitas tidur.  Kuesioner digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data untuk penelitian ini, yang menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif.  34 mahasiswa semester genap dari Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis dipilih sebagai sampel.  Bagian pola tidur dan bagian kinerja akademik dari kuesioner adalah dua bagian.  Baik prestasi akademik mereka dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di kampus maupun pola tidur mereka selama seminggu terakhir ditanyakan kepada responden.  Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelajar FEB semester 2 memiliki korelasi antara keberhasilan akademik dan kualitas tidur mereka.
Peranan Dan Fungsi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit (SIMRS): Tinjauan Teoritis
Authors: Mahmud Hakim  , Dety Mulyanti
Published: November 2023

The hospital is a health service institution that provides comprehensive individual and group health services that provide inpatient, outpatient and emergency services.  Hospital services cannot be separated from the hospital management information system (HMIS). HMIS is part of a health information system in the form of a network of coordination, reporting and administrative procedures to obtain precise and accurate information. The purpose of this theoretical review is to find out how the role and function of the hospital information management system are. The method used is a theoretical review by analyzing and comparing existing theories. The results of this theoretical review are to support community management in order to improve health services for the whole community whose role is to improve service efficiency, finance, health facilities, inventory, staff, information and data integration. It can be concluded that HIMS is an important instrument in the operation of a hospital in modern times. So that the process of collecting, processing, and presenting data about hospitals can be done much easier.  In its role and function, HIMS is integrated and systematic and improves service quality, maintains good and correct standards of medical practice and becomes a very effective coordinating tool.
Pengaruh Cemaran Logam Berat Kadmium (CD) Terhadap Bentuk Sediaan Jahe Emprit (Zingiber Officinale Var. Amarum)
Authors: Devi Oktavia  , Maria Mita Susanti
Published: November 2023

The high productivity of ginger in Indonesia ranks fifth out of the ten largest ginger producing countries in the world, for example emprit ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum). Emprit ginger is usually processed into dosage forms such as powder and extract which are widely used as a spicy and off-flavor enhancer in drinks, food or traditional medicine. The growth of emprit ginger plants can be influenced by heavy metal contamination which has toxic effects and is easily absorbed, such as Cadmium (Cd), so that heavy metal Cd contamination needs to be considered as a quality requirement in the manufacture of traditional medicines and processed foods. This study aims to determine the levels and differences in heavy metal Cd contamination in the dosage form of emprit ginger using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The type of research used is experimental research. The independent variable of this research is the dosage form of emprit ginger and the dependent variable is Cd metal content. The data obtained were then tested using the Independent Sample T-Test. The results of cadmium (Cd) metal contamination levels in the powder dosage form were an average of - 0.2183 mg/kg and thick extracts with an average of - 0.2225 mg/kg. The results of statistical tests using the Independent Sample T-Test showed that there was no influence of heavy metal Cd contamination on the dosage form of emprit ginger (p>0.05).
Thorax CT Scan Examination Procedure In Lung Tumor Cases At Bhayangkara Hospital Makassar
Authors: Rezki Amalia  , Ni Putu Rita Jeniyanthi  , I Made Adhi Mahendrayana
Published: November 2023

Background: A CT scan is a media imaging tool that uses x-rays to obtain images/photos inside the body. Thorax CT Scan is performed to identify existing conditions in the mediastinum of the lungs. Therefore, the use of Slice Thickness is very influential in looking at the image quality of a Thorax CT Scan. Methods: This research uses qualitative research with a case study research design to investigate phenomena that occur in real life contexts using various sources as evidence. Results: The result of this research is that the use of a Slice Thickness of 3 mm in viewing image quality is good enough to display the structure of the anatomical image so that it can diagnose existing pathology. Conclusions: The Thorax CT Scan examination procedure in lung tumor cases at Bhayangkara Makassar Hospital has followed the applicable SOP. The results of the image quality using a Slice Thickness of 3 mm are quite good in diagnosing the patient's disease.
Pengaruh Edukasi Dengan Audio Visual Terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Stunting Desa Teluti Baru Tahun 2023
Authors: Maritje S.J Malisngorar  , Ety Dusra  , Siti Nadya Silawane
Published: November 2023

Stunting is a condition of growth failure that occurs in children under five years of age (bavi under five years) as a result of chronic malnutrition so that children look short at their age. Stunting occurs in the critical period from the womb, 1000 HPK to the age of two years. if not addressed it will have a permanent impact because stunting is irreversible or cannot be corrected. This study is to determine the effect of education with audio visual media on mothers' knowledge about stunting in Telutih Baru Village, Tehoru District.This study used Pre-Experiment method with one group pre-test and post-test design. The population in this study were 45 mothers who had a 2-year-old bailta. While the sample in this research is 45 mothers who have toddlers aged 2 years in Teluti Baru Village, Tehoru District. The sampling technique used total sampling technique The research instrument used a questionnaire in the form of statements, the variable in this study was a single variable, namely maternal knowledge. The analysis used in this study was the Wilcoxon Test.analysis of the effect of education with Audio Visual media on maternal knowledge about stunting in Teluti Baru Village, Tehoru District in 2023 from the results of the Wilcoxon Test Respondents' knowledge decreased 0, knowledge remained 0, Respondents' knowledge increased 45.
A REVIEW ON SMOKING CESSATION TECHNIQUES IN PATIENTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS
Authors: Mubah Zarbakht , Khaliq Sheikh Abdul , Nisar Shehla , Naeem Fakeha , Yaqoob Muhammad Arshad
Published: November 2023

The current literature review aimed to find out effective strategies for smoking cessation in a patient with mental illness. Smoking is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Patients with mental illness have a high rate of smoking. In General, patients with depression have a high level of nicotine addiction and after quitting smoking have more depressing moods and a greater risk than before of major depression. This review captured smoking cessation techniques from different literature which includes Cognitive Behavioral Mood Management, Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), Varenicline, and Bupropion. Additional support and a longer course of treatment may also be recommended. Readiness to quit and awareness of smoking cessation are low among smokers. Concerted efforts through awareness programs, educational programs, strict regulation policies for tobacco use, increase cost of cigarettes, and substitution of smoking with other foods and drinks were also the factor that helped them to achieve successful cessation. Among all strategies, the 5R program is the best, which focused on Relevance, Risk, Rewards, Roadblocks, and Repetition. Varenicline and Bupropion are more effective in Schizophrenics and bipolar maniac patients with nicotine replacement therapy in combination rather than alone.
ASSOCIATION OF NEONATAL BIRTH WEIGHT AND NEONATAL SEPSIS ALONG WITH PATHOGEN DISTRIBUTION IN KARACHI POPULATION
Authors: Kanwal Summayya , Younus Ishrat , Raza Muhammad Liaquat , Nesar Shagufta , Malik Farzan , Khan Sidra
Published: November 2023

Neonatal mortality rates are high in infants with low or very low birth weight (VLBW) as they are prone to sepsis. Early-onset sepsis (EOS) which occurs at 48hr of life remains an important cause of illness and death in VLBW infants. The objective of the study is to analyze the association between Neonatal birth weight and neonatal sepsis in the Karachi population and to study their pathogen distribution in positive isolates. A prospective cross-sectional study took place in Karachi's leading hospitals, Darul Sehat hospital and Abdus Samad hospital. Neonatal birth weight and neonatal blood culture sensitivity tests were studied for positive sepsis. Data were analyzed using SPSS applying the Chi-square test Results out of 120 neonates' blood culture sensitivity test 12 neonates had positive sepsis. The weight of 6 neonates out of 12 positive was 2.1-3kg and the other 6 neonates' weight was 3kg. 3 isolates were Streptococcus pneumonia and 9 were Staphylococcus aureus. Infants with positive sepsis are of healthy weight. Therefore, results were found to have no significant relation between neonatal birth weight and neonatal sepsis. EOS remains an uncommon yet important cause of morbidity and mortality among VLBW infants.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION OF BARK EXTRACT OF SALACIA RETICULATA WIGHT.
Authors: Sharif Hina , Mahjabeen  , Jahan Noor , Fatima Nudrat
Published: November 2023

Salacia reticulata Wight belongs to the family Celastraceae are renowned species of plant having hypoglycemic action. It is standardized based on preliminary phytochemical and pharmacognostic properties. Pharmacognostic studies have shown that S. reticulata dry bark has a yellowish outer surface while brown to dark brown color internally. It has a bitter taste with a characteristic odor. Under microscopic evaluation S. reticulata stem cross-section showed xylem, cambial zone with cells arranges in rows after the xylem, phloem driver, and other structures. Phytochemical standardization has revealed the presence of chemical components including Sterols, Tannins, Terpenoids, Saponins, Phenols, Flavonoids, and Carbohydrates, normal fluorescence behavior at normal, 254nm, and 366nm. In the TLC test two solvent systems, Chloroform-Methanol-Water (80:20:2) and Ethyl acetate-Methanol-Water (100:16.5:13.5) showed the presence of 11 chemical constituents that need to be further explored.
AILUROPHOBIA- IRRATIONAL FEAR OF CATS WITH POSSIBLE TREATMENT SPOTLIGHTS TO A PREVAILING DISORDER.
Authors: Gul Sabiha
Published: November 2023

Ailurophobia is one of the most prevailing disorders worldwide and is associated with major anxiety which will leads to depression and other serious neurological disorders. Ailurophobia refers to the fear of cat that is also associated with hatred of cat that will lead to severe anxiousness, depression and sometimes demise of an individual is also observed. Signs of Ailurophobia include crying, nervousness, stiffness in chest, fainting and palpitations. Observed causes of this fear are psychodynamic, trauma, behavioral. Possible treatment of Ailurophobia may be psychotherapy, Murraya koenigii anxiety and depression but it needs more in profound research in future. This short communication suggest proper awareness, therapy and treatment of this phobia as Ailurophobia is the most predominant anxiety disorder. Patients suffering from Ailurophobia needs proper assistance and medicine to get rid of this long-term disorder.
THE ROLE OF COVID-19 ON ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE: A REVIEW-BASED STUDY
Authors: Gul Sabiha , Naveel Tania , Khan Zabab , Nazim Shah Sabira , Hafizullah
Published: November 2023

In this study, research is conducted with an aim to recognize the role played by the pandemic of Covid-19 in the resistance of antibacterial or antibiotics. Antibiotics resistance tends to happen when the bacteria or some certain microbes evolve from the instruments or mechanismsthat provide protection to them against the influences of the antibiotics. As study provides understandings that infection of Covid-19 is caused by a virus SARS-CoV-2. The objective ofthe study explores the influences of antibiotics on infection caused by this virus and how this virus causes resistance in the use of antibiotics.
KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF THE MEDICINE DISPOSAL AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Maqbool Tahmina , Zaheer Kamran , Naz Hadia , Rashid Hira , Amir Iqra , Mukhtar Wajiha
Published: November 2023

Pharmaceutical active preparations are designed with specific biological and physiological properties. These formulations possess desired therapeutic action against numerous diseases and infections. But some preparations have hazardous effects on the environment when it comes to disposal of medicines, it is necessary to know about the importance of proper waste disposal. The primary objective of the study is to know about the importance of the medicinal waste disposal system and the awareness among health care professionals especially past expiry date. The cross-sectional survey-based study was performed in Karachi. Data was collected through an online Google questionnaire form. The results were analyzed. Among 203 responders, 65% (n=132) were females while the other 35% (n=71) were males. Approximately 57.1% (n=116) agreed that they are aware of the hazards and disposal of medication waste and 63.05% (n=128) think that it is the responsibility of Pharmacies Association and other regulatory bodies for awareness of proper disposal of medicines. The study recommends that we establish uniform guidelines for the safe disposal of expired or unused medications. Significant problems and malpractices were identified for unused, and unwanted prescription medication, lack of a drug take-back system, proper disposal of medications & surgical, inadequate awareness about disposal system adversely affecting our environment and health.
İşletmeler ve Vergi Stratejileri ile Maliyet Azaltma ve Vergi Optimizasyonu
Authors: GEZER Murat
Published: November 2023

Bu makalenin amacı, işletmelerin vergi stratejilerine odaklanarak maliyet azaltma ve vergi optimizasyonu konularını ele almaktır. Vergi stratejileri, işletmelerin vergi maliyetlerini minimize ederek benimsedikleri yöntemlerdir. Makalede, vergi stratejilerinin işletmeler üzerindeki etkileri incelenirken, maliyet azaltma ve vergi optimizasyonu stratejileri ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmaktadır.

Bu kapsamda, vergi maliyetlerini etkileyen faktörler açıklanmaktadır. Bu stratejiler arasında gider optimizasyonu, vergi avantajlarından yararlanma, vergi teşviklerini kullanma ve vergi avantajlı bölgelere yatırım yapma gibi unsurlar yer almaktadır. Ayrıca, bu stratejilerin işletme performansına olan etkileri de değerlendirilmektedir.

Vergi optimizasyonu stratejileri ise işletmelerin vergi yükünü en aza indirgemeyi hedefler. Makalede, vergi optimizasyonunun önemi ve izlenmesi gereken adımlar ele alınmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, vergi optimizasyonu stratejilerinin yasal ve etik boyutları da tartışılmaktadır.

Bu makale işletmelerin vergi stratejileri üzerinde odaklanarak maliyet azaltma ve vergi optimizasyonunun önemini vurgulamaktadır. İşletmelerin doğru stratejileri benimseyerek vergi maliyetlerini azaltmaları ve vergi avantajlarından maksimum düzeyde yararlanmaları, rekabetçiliklerini artırmalarına ve sürdürülebilir başarı elde etmelerine yardımcı olacaktır.
ENERJİ GÜVENLİĞİ VE JEOPOLİTİK: ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN'IN ULUSLARARASI ENERJİ İLİŞKİLERİNDEKİ ROLÜ
Authors: ÇILGIN Murat
Published: November 2023

Bu akademik çalışma, “Enerji Güvenliği ve Jeopolitik: Çin ve Hindistan’ın Uluslararası Enerji İlişkilerindeki Rolü” başlığı altında, Asya'daki iki büyük güç olan Çin ve Hindistan'ın enerji politikalarının uluslararası politika üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektedir. Bu iki ülkenin artan enerji ihtiyaçları ve bu ihtiyaçları karşılamak için benimsedikleri stratejiler, enerji akışının global dinamiklerini ve uluslararası enerji ilişkilerini hem bölgesel hem de küresel düzeyde şekillendirmekte ve değiştirmekte olup ele aldığımız temel konulardandır.

Bu analizin temelini, Çin ve Hindistan'ın enerji güvenliği stratejilerinin, bu iki ülke arasında rekabeti tetikleyip tetiklemediği ve bunun jeopolitik sonuçlarını oluşturur. Bu doğrultuda, her iki ülke de son yıllarda bir enerji kaynakları yarışına girmiştir ve bu durum, endişe ve sıkıntı yaratmakta, hatta potansiyel çatışma risklerini artırmaktadır.

Ayrıca, bu analizi çerçeveleyen temel sorunlar arasında; bu iki devletin enerji kaynaklarına ulaşmak için benimsedikleri stratejilerin, diğer devletlerle olan ilişkilerini nasıl etkilediği ve bu stratejilerin ekonomik, politik ve çevresel etkileri de ele alınmaktadır.

Makalemiz, aynı zamanda Çin ve Hindistan'ın güçlü ve kararlı birer enerji oyuncusu olarak artan önemlerini vurgulamaktadır. Özellikle enerji güvenliği ve jeopolitik bağlamında, bu iki ülkenin davranışları ve politikaları, uluslararası ilişkilerin geleceğini büyük ölçüde etkileyebilir ve şekillendirebilir.
ADLİ MUHASEBECİLİK VE HİLE DENETÇİLİĞİ MESLEĞİ VE TÜRKİYE’DE UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: DAHAR Uğur
Published: November 2023

Bu makale, adli muhasebecilik ve hile denetimi mesleği ve Türkiye'deki uygulanabilirliği hakkında bilgi sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Adli muhasebecilik ve hile denetimi hizmetleri, işletmelerin finansal raporlama süreçlerindeki doğruluk, şeffaflık ve güvenilirliği artırmak için kullanılır. Bu hizmetler, işletmelerin finansal raporlama süreçlerindeki hataları, hileleri ve yolsuzlukları tespit etmek ve önlemek için kullanılır ve finansal karar verme süreçlerinde doğru ve zamanında bilgi sağlarlar.

Türkiye'de adli muhasebecilik ve hile denetimi mesleği, son yıllarda hızla gelişen bir alandır ve giderek daha fazla işletme tarafından tercih edilmektedir. Bu hizmetlerin kullanımı, işletmelerin finansal raporlama süreçlerindeki riskleri azaltmak ve finansal karar verme süreçlerinde doğru ve güvenilir bilgi sağlamak için son derece önemlidir.

Makalede, adli muhasebecilik ve hile denetimi mesleği ve Türkiye'deki uygulanabilirliği hakkında bilgi sağlanmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu hizmetlerin sağladığı faydalar ve işletmelerin finansal raporlama süreçlerindeki riskleri azaltmalarına nasıl yardımcı oldukları ele alınmaktadır.

Sonuç olarak, adli muhasebecilik ve hile denetimi hizmetleri, Türkiye'deki işletmelerin finansal raporlama süreçlerinde doğruluk, şeffaflık ve güvenilirliği artırmalarına yardımcı olmak için son derece önemlidir. İşletmelerin bu hizmetlerden yararlanarak finansal karar verme süreçlerinde doğru ve zamanında bilgiye sahip olmaları, daha sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir bir finansal yapıya sahip olmalarına yardımcı olacaktır.
OSMANLI VE SAFEVİ DEVLETİNE AİT BAZI SANCAK ALEMLERİ
Authors: Şahin Rabia
Published: November 2023

Osmanlı Devleti, Batı Anadolu'da Türkmen beyliği olarak başladı ve Osman Gazi'nin soyundan gelenlerin çabalarıyla geniş topraklara hükmeden bir devlete dönüşmüştür. Safevi Devleti ise Şah İsmail tarafından 1501 yılında kuruldu ve Anadolu'dan gelen Kızılbaş Türkmenleri tarafından oluşturulan bir Türkmen devletidir.  İki devlet arasındaki ilk temas, Safevi tarikatının kurucusu Şeyh Safiyüddin döneminde gerçekleşti ve bu ilişki iyi yönde kurulmuştur. Tarikatların yayılması, Osmanlı ve Safevi Devletleri arasındaki siyasi ve sosyal sorunlara yol açmıştır. Safevi Devleti'nin Osmanlı topraklarında organize etmeye çalıştığı isyanlar, ilişkileri olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu siyasi ilişkiler, Osmanlı ve Safevi devletlerinin kültürel etkileşimine de yol açmıştır. Her iki devletin sancak alemleri benzerlikler taşıyarak dönemin kültürel etkileşimini yansıtmıştır.

Sancak alemleri Türk ve İslam tarihi boyunca her zaman bir gelişim içerisinde olan maden sanatı içinde değerlendirilmiştir. Osmanlı ve Safevi Devletleri’nde bir sembol, araç ve sanat eseri olarak sancak alemleri karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tarikatların ve devletlerin sembolü niteliğinde olan bu eserler, yüzyıllar boyunca değişim ve çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Sancak alemlerinin bu gelişimi, birbirleriyle yakın kültürel siyasi temasta bulunan Osmanlı ve Safevi Devletlerinde de etkileşim olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sebeple sancak alemlerinde kullanılan şekil ve süsleme motifleri anlam bakımından aynıdır. Çalışmamızda Osmanlı ve Safevi Devletlerinin aynı yüzyıllarda ve birbiriyle benzerlik ve gelişim gösteren örnekleri bir arada incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu etkileşimi gözler önüne sermek amaçlanmıştır.
Discovering the fish fauna of a lagoon from the southeast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, using DNA barcodes
Authors: Uh-Navarrete Adrian Emmanuel , Valdez-Moreno Martha , Callejas-Jiménez Mariana E. , Vásquez-Yeomans Lourdes
Published: November 2023

Background

Aquatic ecosystems in the tropics are typically environments with a high species richness of fishes. These systems are also among the most vulnerable in the world, threatening the overall biodiversity of tropical regions. As a first step, it is important to enumerate the species in any ecosystem to promote its conservation. This study aims to inventory the ichthyofauna in the Chile Verde Lagoon, Quintana Roo, on the Yucatan Peninsula, a system fortunately well protected in Mexico, based on faunal surveys backed up with mtDNA barcodes.

Methods

We collected larvae, juveniles, and adults of fishes in the lagoon with a variety of sampling gear targeting various life stages. Species were identified using both morphology and DNA barcodes. The abundance of species and ichthyoplankton biomass (wet weight, suction technique) were calculated from 43 samples.

Results

We collected 197 adult and juvenile fishes and 3,722 larvae, of which 306 specimens were DNA-sequenced with a success rate of 96.7%. We identified 13 families, 24 genera, and 27 species in our inventory. The species number was estimated to comprise 75% of the potential total richness using the Chao 1 richness estimator. Clupeids and gobiids accounted for 87.9% of the total abundance of fishes, and, together with cyprinodontids, also accounted for the highest ichthyoplankton biomass.

Conclusion

Adult and juvenile fishes were identified by morphology and meristic values, however larvae required DNA barcoding to identify species. The high biomass and abundance of larvae of clupeids, gobiids and cyprinodontids suggests that the Chile Verde Lagoon may be important for reproduction of these species in the region. Microgobius microlepis, a marine goby species, is reported for the first time in an inland oligohaline system. This study provides a basis for future environmental assessment and biomonitoring of the Chile Verde Lagoon in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.
Cephalic Measurements of Different Tribal Groups of Udaipur District of Southern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Joya Hemkanwer , Arora Manali , Vijay Neha
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Cephalometry is an important part of physical Anthropology and medicine which is used for the determination of the morphological characteristics of the head. Cephalometric results can also be of great assistance in evaluating patients while imaging, in the filed of paediatrics, craniofacial surgery and study growth patterns. Aim: To determine cephalic measurements (head circumference and auricular head height) in tribes of Udaipur Rajasthan and also to find out gender-based differences, if any. Materials and Methods: This anthropometric study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan. The subjects were 500 tribal people (269 male and 231 female) aged between 21 to 50 years. Head circumference (cm) and auricular head height (cm) were measured using Todd’s Head spanner and measuring tape to nearest 1 mm. Data were subjected to statistical analysis to find out Mean±SD and Independent group t-test was used for comparing two independent groups. The p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Overall, there were 269 (53.8%) tribal males and 231 (46.2%) females with mean age 33.10±8.64 and 34.67±8.17, respectively. The mean values of head circumference (cm) in Bheel, Damor, Garasia, Kathodi and Meena were 56.17±0.85, 56.13±1.11, 55.99±0.90, 56.53±1.08 and 56.26±1.13, respectively. The mean auricular head height (cm) in Bheel, Damor, Garasia, Kathodi and Meena were 13.20±0.39, 13.17±0.43, 12.99±0.24, 13.51±0.45 and 13.17±0.41, respectively. The values for mean head circumference (cm) and auricular head height (cm) were 56.19±1.02 and 13.17±0.40, respectively, in all study participants. The mean head circumference (cm) and auricular head height (cm) of tribal males were significantly higher (56.45±1.03 and 13.32±0.40, respectively) than females (55.87±0.90 and 13.00±0.32, respectively). Conclusion: Significant differences exist in mean values of head circumference and auricular head height between the tribal males and females, which indicates gender differences with significantly higher values for all anthropometric parameters in the male counterpart.
Anatomical Variations of Branching Pattern of the Arch of Aorta: A Cadaveric Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shyam Gautam , Rajkonwar Anjanjyoti , Thengal Deepsikha , Kusre Giriraj
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The arch of the aorta normally gives off three major branches from its convex surface. Variations in the branching pattern of the Aortic Arch (AA) are not uncommon. Knowledge of these variations is crucial during aortic instrumentation and thoracic or neck surgeries. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the anatomical variations in the branching pattern of the AA in perinatal and adult cadavers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional cadaveric study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, at Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, from August 2018 to July 2021. The study included cadavers of various ages and both genders (N=46). Perinatal cadavers received from the Obstetrics and Gynecology department were also included. The thoracic cavity was opened by cutting through the costochondral junctions and reflecting the sternum. Fibrofatty tissue was removed to expose the branches of the AA, which were then examined and classified. Variations were observed, and the results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: A classical branching pattern (Type-A) was observed in 89.1% of cadavers. Five cadavers (10.9%), comprising four males and one female, exhibited branching patterns different from the classical pattern. Among them, Type-C variation was noted in 4 (8.7%) cadavers, and Type-D variation was found in 1 (2.2%) male cadaver. Conclusion: Having a good understanding of the variations in the branching pattern of the arch of the aorta can be beneficial for surgeons performing complex vascular surgery.
Can Predictive AI Improve Early Detection of Sepsis and Other Conditions?
Authors: Voelker Rebecca , Hswen Yulin
Published: November 2023

In this Medical News article, Johns Hopkins University computer scientist Suchi Saria, PhD, MSc, discusses the use of AI tools in early sepsis detection and other clinical applications.
Leonine Facies of Lepromatous Leprosy
Authors: Poondru Sneha , Shi Victoria , Rajpara Anand
Published: November 2023

This case report describes a man in his 30s presenting with a 3-year history of progressive nodules on his face and forearms and blurry vision in his left eye.
Data to Improve Global Health Equity—Key Challenges
Authors: Galea Sandro , Abdalla Salma M.
Published: November 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses how to use data to help achieve global health equity, the challenges in using data to narrow health gaps, and ways to work toward a world with fewer health gaps.
Dendrite‐Free and High‐Rate Potassium Metal Batteries Sustained by an Inorganic‐Rich SEI
Authors: Lian Xueyu , Ju Zhijin , Li Lin , Yi Yuyang , Zhou Junhua , Chen Ziang , Zhao Yu , Tian Zhengnan , Su Yiwen , Xue Zaikun , Chen Xiaopeng , Ding Yifan , Tao Xinyong , Sun Jingyu
Published: November 2023

Potassium metal battery is an appealing candidate for future energy storage. However, its application is plagued by the notorious dendrite proliferation at the anode side, which entails the formation of vulnerable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and non‐uniform potassium deposition on the current collector. Here, this work reports a dual‐modification design of aluminum current collector to render dendrite‐free potassium anodes with favorable reversibility. This work achieves to modulate the electronic structure of the designed current collector and accordingly attain an SEI architecture with robust inorganic‐rich constituents, which is evidenced by detailed cryo‐EM inspection and X‐ray depth profiling. The thus‐produced SEI manages to expedite ionic conductivity and guide homogeneous potassium deposition. Compared to the potassium metal cells assembled using typical aluminum current collector, cells based on the designed current collector realize improved rate capability (maintaining 400 h under 50 mA cm−2) and low‐temperature durability (stable operation at −50 °C). Moreover, scalable production of the current collector allows for the sustainable construction of high‐safety potassium metal batteries, with the potential for reducing the manufacturing cost.
Carbon Dots–TiO2Nanocomposites for the Enhanced Visible‐Light Driven Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Sendão Ricardo M. S. , Algarra Manuel , Ribeiro Eduarda , Pereira Mariana , Gil Antonio , Vale Nuno , Esteves da Silva Joaquim C. G. , Pinto da Silva Luís
Published: November 2023

Herein, the conjugation of carbon dots (CDs) with TiO2nanoparticles is reported to prepare a photocatalytic nanocomposite for an enhanced visible‐light‐driven photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). CDs are prepared from citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) via hydrothermal treatment. Using MB as a model pollutant, it is observed that, under visible‐light irradiation, the nanocomposite presents an increment of the catalytic performance of 367% when compared to bare TiO2. This is achieved because the addition of CDs leads to increased visible‐light absorption and hinders the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Thus, CDs are capable of bridging some of the limitations posed by TiO2. Tests using reactive species scavengers indicate that the main active species involved in the photodegradation by the nanocomposites are superoxide radicals followed by hydroxyl radicals, which differs from bare TiO2. Lastly, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study shows that, when accounting for performance, the nanocomposites have lower relative environmental impacts than bare TiO2. In addition, the safety of the produced CDs is shown by in vitro assays. In summary, due to conjugation with CDs, a relevant increment in the catalytic performance of TiO2is achieved; providing an important step toward the sustainable rational design of active visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts.
High‐Efficiency Blue‐Emission Crystalline Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Engineering Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Nanoaggregates
Authors: Liu Yijun , Wang Xiaodi , Zhu Feng , Wang Yue , Yan Donghang
Published: November 2023

A crystalline host matrix (CHM) with embedded nanoaggregates (NA) is a powerful strategy to develop high‐performance crystalline OLEDs that can combine the advantages of both crystalline and high‐exciton‐utilization‐efficiency light emitting materials. Here a CHM‐NA structure blue‐emission crystalline OLED is developed, which employs a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material. The CHM‐TADFNA OLED is proved to efficiently manage exciton distribution by engineering nanoaggregates. The device exhibits a remarkable EQE up to 10.4% and achieves the characteristics of rapid turn‐on, and fast ramping of luminance and current density, resulting in an enhanced photon output and a lower series‐resistance Joule‐heat loss ratio, indicating a competitive pathway to future blue‐emission OLEDs.
Non‐destructive evaluations of water uptake in epoxy coating
Authors: Li Shu , Bi Huichao , Weinell Claus Erik , Dam‐Johansen Kim
Published: November 2023

A commercial epoxy coating was studied on steel panels and as free films to investigate water uptake using non‐destructive techniques (gravimetric analysis, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy [EIS], Attenuated Total Reflection‐Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy [ATR‐FTIR], and Scanning Acoustic Microscopy [SAM]) after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. In epoxy free films, water uptake showed rapid absorption initially, slowing down due to the counteracting process between water uptake and leachable content. Later, a mass decrease indicated leaching dominance. On coated steel, EIS revealed rapid water absorption within 72 h, followed by slower uptake up to 336 h. The continuous increase in water content resulted from observed coating layer swelling, confirmed by SAM. ATR‐FTIR analysis indicated hydrogen bonding of most absorbed water molecules to the epoxy matrix. By combining non‐destructive techniques, water uptake mechanisms into the epoxy coating film were proposed.