bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ekstrak Daun Zaitun Olea europaea L. untuk Tata Laksana Hipertensi
Authors: Swandari Paramita  , Fenny Yunita
Published: September 2022

Hipertensi atau penyakit tekanan darah tinggi adalah kondisi medis yang dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan kerusakan organ target seperti penyakit jantung koroner, stroke, gagal ginjal, dan sebagainya. Kondisi hipertensi berkaitan dengan angka kematian yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Sebagian besar pasien hipertensi memerlukan obat antihipertensi untuk mencapai target tekanan darah yang diinginkan, dengan profil keamanan yang baik dan biaya yang terjangkau. Oleh karena itu pengembangan obat herbal yang potensial untuk penanganan hipertensi dapat menjadi salah satu strategi yang dapat diupayakan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan pengobatan hipertensi. Salah satu bahan alam yang mendapat perhatian adalah daun zaitun (Olea europaea L.). Kandungan utama dari daun zaitun antara lain adalah oleuropein yang telah diketahui memiliki efek sebagai penurun tekanan darah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian preklinik dan uji klinik, ekstrak daun zaitun memiliki potensi untuk membantu mengendalikan tekanan darah sehingga akan menjadi pilihan terapi yang bermanfaat dalam tata laksana kasus hipertensi. Ekstrak daun zaitun juga terbukti dapat membantu memperbaiki profil lipid dengan profil keamanan yang baik.
Peran Analgesik Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) dan Analgesik Non-NSAIDs dalam Penanganan Nyeri
Authors: Jan S. Purba
Published: September 2022

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. The experience of pain serves as one of the most important protective mechanisms of the body. Understanding the mechanisms of pain is important for any clinician since chronic pain is a global problem that transcends all medical specialties. Chronic pain describes pain that persists or progresses over a long period of time. In contrast to acute pain that arises suddenly in response to a specific injury and is usually treatable, chronic pain persists over time and is often resistant to medical treatments. There are a variety of treatment options for people with chronic pain. The goal of pain management is to provide symptom relief and improve an individual's level of functioning in daily activities. A number of types of medications have been used in the management of chronic pain.
Analysis of Mortality Risk Factors in Children with Pneumonia in RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya
Authors: Tutwuri Handayani  , Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Published: September 2022

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of under-five morbidity and mortality. We carried out a comprehensive study to identify risk factors contributing to both mortality and morbidity rate in children less than 5 years of age that were hospitalized with pneumonia. Objective: To evaluate mortality risk factors in children with pneumonia in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Methods: This is an analytic observational study using secondary data that was taken from medical record of hospitalized children with pneumonia between 2015-2018. Data was analysed using Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression (p<0.05). Results: A total of 817 children with pneumonia were enrolled in this study. In children aged 2–59 months, the risk factors significantly associated with death included age, low birth weight, prematurity, breastfeeding status, pleural effusion, atelectasis, and comorbidity. Logistic regression revealed status of breastfeeding, pleural effusion, and comorbidities, influenced the mortality outcome of pneumonia. Conclusion: Nonexclusive breastfeeding, pleural effusion and comorbidities are the independent predictors of mortality in children with pneumonia. Thus, early identification and prompt management of these simple clinically recognizable predictors of death may help reduce mortality rate in such population.
Peran Vitamin D dalam Aktivitas Penyakit Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik (LES)
Authors: Sukamto Koesnoe
Published: September 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that leads to various immune system dysregulation. SLE has complex pathophysiology involving interaction between factors that will produce abnormal immune response. This abnormal immune response results in inflammatory reactions throughout various organs, and this chronic process will lead to tissue and organ damage. Vitamin D has been studied for its’ role as an immunomodulator, therefore it is potential to be part of SLE management.The potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation to improve clinical conditions of SLE patients has been investigated. Some studies showed that there were positive effects after supplementation with vitamin D in SLE patients. This can be explained considering vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease activity and frequency of exacerbations in SLE. Vitamin D’s active form, calcitriol, was found to have an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Study found that vitamin D supplementation could help to reduce disease activity and improve clinical condition in SLE patients.
Potensi Daun dan Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto  , Anastasia Melin Fitria Wulandari  , Faustina Evania Ngai  , Corina Febrianti Isabel  , Agatha Kania Ugahari Dyatmika  , Filisia Putri Rosari  , Dewi Setyaningsih
Published: September 2022

Indonesia has various traditional plants that are potential to be used as medicinal agents. The telang plant (Clitoria ternatea L.) has been studied regarding its’ potency as a traditional medicine. The parts of the telang plant that are often used are leaves and flowers. Telang leaves and flowers contain several compounds with antioxidant activity including phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. Antioxidant activity can be tested using several methods, e.g. DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP. Based on the results of the literature review, it is known that telang leaves and flowers have antioxidant activity and do not show any potential toxicity, therefore they can be considered as safe to be used.
Tuberkulosis Okular
Authors: Fabiola Supit
Published: September 2022

Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) is a chronic disease caused by infection of M. tuberculosis in the eye with various manifestations and can lead to blindness. Indonesia has the second highest tuberculosis burden worldwide, with 11% of the case is extrapulmonary TB, including OTB. The most common clinical presentation of OTB is posterior uveitis, but it could also involve all surrounding ocular tissue. OTB has a good prognosis if patients receive full course of antituberculosis therapy, but there are so many challenges in the diagnosis and treatment initiation. There is a new international concensus published by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) working group which could aid clinicians to manage the disease.
Koinfeksi Sifilis Sekunder, Condyloma Acuminata dan Human Immundeficiency Virus (HIV) pada Pria Homoseksual
Authors: Ahmad Fiqri  , Endra Yustin ES
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as syphilis, one of chronic and systemic STI. HIV and HPV infection can be risk factors for syphilis infection, while coinfection between syphilis and HIV facilitates the course of the two diseases. Case: A 22-year-old homosexual man complained of red scaly patches on both palms and feet, no itching, hair loss and lumps in the genital area. Examination revealed nonscarring alopecia on occipital region, bilateral patches with multiple erythematous plaques partly confluent hyperpigmentation and an overlying scale on palmar and plantar region, also multiple nodule papules with pale red smooth surface on perineal region. The acetowhite examination at the verrucous lesion was positive. The results of the CD4 examination was 112 cells/µl, VDRL/RPR was reactive 1:256; and TPHA was also reactive >1:5,120. Histopathological examination of the skin showed the features of skin syphilis and condyloma acuminata. Immunohistochemistry test revealed brownish Spirochaeta. The patient was diagnosed with secondary syphilis coinfection, condyloma acuminata, and HIV. Conclusion: We found a case of MSM patient that was coinfected with secondary syphilis, condyloma acuminata, and HIV. HPV and HIV infection are often coexisting because they both increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
Peran Balneoterapi pada Psoriasis
Authors: Putri Oktriana Rachman  , Budi Eko Prasetyorini  , Nathania Amelinda  , Fatimah Fitriani  , Arie Kusumawardani
Published: September 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease influenced by several risk factors, including genetics, immune system, environment, and hormones. Skin lesions associated with psoriasis are well-defined erythematous plaques covered in thick, layered, white scales. Psoriasis treatment varies according to the severity of the condition and may include topical or systemic medications, light therapy, or natural elements such as minerals and balneotherapy. Balneotherapy may be used in conjunction with other treatments for psoriasis due to its efficacy in healing psoriasis lesions, particularly plaque forms. Balneotherapy is a traditional medicinal treatment that involves bathing, drinking, or inhaling mineral-containing water. Mineral sources include mineral water, mineral mud (peloids), and natural gas from natural springs. Balneotherapy can thin the stratum corneum and lucidum, decrease the number of lymphocytes, histiocytes, granulocytes, and eosinophils, increase skin permeability, decrease inflammation, improve microcirculation and the skin immune system, and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines in psoriasis. This article aims to explore the efficacy of balneotherapy as adjuvant therapy for psoriasis to accelerate clinical improvement and reduce disease recurrence.
Profile of Candidiasis Patients in RSUD Dr Moewardi Surakarta January 2016-December 2019
Authors: Nurrachmat Mulianto  , Siti Efrida Fiqnasyani
Published: September 2022

Background: Candidiasis is caused by Candida sp. infection, mainly Candida albicans. The skin, mucous membranes, nails, and digestive tract are organs that can be affected by this infection. The risk of infection is higher in immunocompromised individuals. Objective: To determine the profile of candidiasis patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta between January 2016-December 2019. Method: This is a retrospective, descriptive study that evaluate the distribution of sex, age, primary diagnosis, comorbidities, and candidiasis type among candidiasis patients in RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Results: During study period, there were 177 candidiasis patients (147 outpatients and 30 inpatients). Pseudohyphae was seen in all inpatients’ KOH test. Majority of the patients are women (77,97%), age distribution varies between outpatients and inpatients. Cutaneous candidiasis was found in 53,74% outpatients and 66,67% inpatients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was the most frequent (20%) comorbidity among those patients. Topical miconazole 2% and systemic fluconazole 150 mg were given to 42,37% and 33,90% patients, respectively.
Mycobacterium simiae Isolates Subtypes and Molecular Drug Susceptibility in Iran
Authors: Malekshahian Donya , Tabarsi Payam , Farnia Parissa , Javanmard Pedram , Seif Shima , Teymouri Hedyeh
Published: September 2022

Background: Despite the clinical and epidemiological importance of Mycobacterium simiae worldwide, including in Iran, there is no clear and effective treatment regimen for M. simiae and its different subtypes. Objectives: Concerning the superiority of molecular approaches, this study aims to identify the common M. simiae subtypes submitted to the National Reference Tuberculosis (TB) Laboratory of Iran and study the presence of drug resistance by molecular detection methods. Methods: We included sputum samples with M. simiae confirmation submitted to the National Reference TB Laboratory of Iran from May 2014 to May 2016. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was used for drug susceptibility testing (DST). Results: Among 7200 TB suspected patients, a total of 60 M. simiae cases belonging to subtype I were identified. All the included clinical isolates met the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) diagnostic criteria and were considered the disease’s causative pathogen. Males (58.33%), elderly (68.54%), and patients with a history of TB (51.42%) were shown to be more prone to infection with the disease. All clinical isolates of M. simiae were resistant to rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH). Amikacin/kanamycin (AMK/KAN) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) susceptibility was found to be 91.66% and 88.33%, respectively. Conclusions: Subtype I was exclusively identified among M. simiae patients in Iran. Molecular detection of drug resistance suggests that amikacin/kanamycin and ciprofloxacin could be used to treat patients infected with M. simiae subtype I.
The Association of rs5745687 Polymorphism Located at HGF Gene with Risk of Gastric and Breast Cancer in the Helicobacter Positive Patients of Isfahan Population
Authors: Azadeh Jouneghani Mehrnoush , Keshavarzi Fatemeh , Haghnazari Nahid , Amini Sabrieh , Hooshmandi Zahra
Published: September 2022

Background: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) protein regulates cell growth, motility, and morphogenesis in a variety of cells and tissues by binding to the HGF receptor. The rs5745687 SNPs in the introns of the HGF gene could affect the splicing and expression of HGF mRNA. Objectives: In this study, the genotype frequency of rs5745687 in breast cancer (BC) and gastric cancer (GC) (positive helicobacter) patients has been investigated and compared with the healthy controls in the Isfahan population. Methods: Firstly, initial bioinformatics studies were done. Then, according to the results, bioinformatics high-resolution melt (HRM) and real-time PCR were recruited to determine genotypes rs5745678 for 432 participants in the case-control analysis (84 GC with 126 healthy control samples, as well as 111 BC cases with 111 normal controls). The conditional logistic regression model was used to measure odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to produce these cancers based on genotype frequency. Results: The homozygote genotype of the mutant (G) allele of rs5745678 has a significant association with the lower risk of gastric cancer (P-value < 0.0001) and this allele can increase the risk of GC in a co-dominant model (OR: 5.541, P-value < 0.0001). Also, the rs5745678 SNP had a significant association with the clinicopathological features (age, smoking, Helicobacter Pylori infection) in GC patients. Conclusions: The presence of a single G allele in rs5745678 heterozygote (AG/AA) and co-dominant (AG/AA+GG) models could significantly impact GC pathogenicity in different ways. There was no significant correlation between the rs5745678 polymorphism and BC (P-value: 0.671) in the studied sample size.
The Predictability of Echocardiography in Children with Primary Pulmonary Hypertension and Its Comparison with Cardiac Catheterization Parameters
Authors: Mottaghi Hassan , Ghofrani Mahboubeh , Alizadeh Behzad , Abbasi Shaye Zahra , Heidari Elahe
Published: September 2022

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious problem with high mortality in children, so early diagnosis of this condition is critical. Echocardiography is a non-invasive hemodynamic assessment tool, which facilitates serial follow-ups for hypertensive patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of echocardiographic parameters in children with PH and their correlation with cardiac catheterization parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on the records of 20 children with primary PH referred to the pediatric Cardiology Department and clinic of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, during 2001-2016. The correlation between echocardiography and cardiac catheterization findings was assessed to determine the predictability of echocardiographic parameters in primary pulmonary hypertension. Results: Based on the findings, the mean values of tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) and peak early diastolic transpulmonary valve pressure gradient (PRPG) were 76.33 ± 22.8 and13.18 ± 44.2 mmHg, respectively. The mean of RA systolic pressure, RA diastolic pressure, RA mean pressure were 13.62 ± 4.43, 5.12 ± 2.1, and 6.77 ± 4.08, respectively. The analysis of data showed a significant correlation between systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and TRPG (r = 0.62; P = 0.008). We found no significant correlation between systolic PAP and PRPG (r = 0.58; P = 0.03). Additionally, diastolic PAP significantly correlated with TRPG (r = 0.67; P = 0.003) and PRPG (r = 0.64; P = 0.04). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between mean PAP and TRPG (r = 0.66; P = 0.004) and PRPG (r = 0.64; P = 0.04). Conclusions: Echocardiographic approach is a safe and sensitive method for diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension. We found a strong correlation between mean PAP and two variables of TRPG and PRPG.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Calcitonin mRNA Expression in Periaqueductal Gray Area in the Formalin Test in Rats
Authors: Moshiri Olya , Sajedianfard Javad , Hosseinzadeh Saied , Rahimi Kaveh , Ahmadi Jokani Saeedeh
Published: September 2022

Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and rat calcitonin (rCT) play critical roles in descending pain control systems. Objectives: The present research aimed to evaluate the effect of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of CGRP and rCT on the mRNA expression of CGRP and rCT peptides in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of healthy rats in the formalin test. Methods: A total of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were categorized into four groups (n = 6). One week after stereotaxic surgery, 1.5 nmol CGRP or rCT peptides were injected (ICV) once daily for 7 days. After 20 min from the last injection, the right foot of the animal was injected subcutaneously with 2.5% formalin. Pain-related behaviors were recorded immediately for 60 min. The PAG nucleus was then removed to assess the changes made in the mRNA expression of the CGRP and rCT. Results: ICV injection of CGRP or rCT reduced pain in the different phases of the trial. ICV injection of rCT induced the expression of rCT mRNA in the PAG area (P < 0.05). However, ICV injection of rCT had no significant effect on the CGRP mRNA expression in the PAG area. Moreover, following the ICV injection of CGRP, the expression of rCT mRNA increased in the PAG area (P < 0.05). It is noteworthy that the ICV injection of CGRP caused a significant effect on the CGRP mRNA expression in the PAG area (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The ICV injections of CGRP and rCT peptides decreased pain in the formalin test. Higher mRNA expression of these peptides in the PAG might be a possible mechanism for this observation.
Differential Expression of E-cadherin Gene by Real Time RT-PCR and Exon 1 Sequence Analysis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Veeramani Malathi , Damodaran Anand C , Arunachalam Sundaram , Raj Tehmin , Sundaram Subramanian , Padma Sandeep Koka
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Genomic alterations in key genes such as tumour suppressor genes have been reported to contribute to human cancers like breast cancer. Loss of E-cadherin (CDH1) mediated adhesion characterises the transition from benign lesions to invasive, metastatic cancer. Genetic changes occurring in the CDH1 gene has not yet been completely studied despite the remarkable biological function of the signal peptide of CDH1. Many of these genomic alterations have altered messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression that play a role in the pathophysiology of cancers and warrant further studies. Aim: To identify mutations in CDH1 gene (Exon 1) in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and evaluate CDH1 expression by real time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which tissue samples were collected from Madras Medical College and VS Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India between March 2010 to August 2011 and molecular biology work and analysis was carried out at the SRM-DBT (Sri Ramasamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology – Department of Biotechnology) Platform for Advanced Life technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST) between June 2017 to September 2017. The Exon 1 region of the human E-cadherin gene of normal and breast cancer (Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma) patients were sequenced by Sanger method. The sequences were compared using the National Centre for Biotechnology Information-Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (NCBI-BLAST) utility. The change in the sequence were identified between the normal and tumour samples. The fold change of E-cadherin gene expression in tumour was calculated by comparing with control non neoplastic breast tissue. The fold change in the relative expression level between tumour and normal sample was determined using real time RT -PCR. Results: In the present study upon comparing the exon 1 sequences of normal gene with that of tumour, two deletion mutation and one CT transition was observed. In present investigation also a 0.08-fold down regulation of CDH1 mRNA was observed in the tumour tissue when compared with the normal tissue. Conclusion: The present study has attempted to study the alterations at genome level (CDH1 gene, exon 1, encoding for the biologically active signal peptide region), transcriptional and translational level with respect to CDH1. The effect of the mutations detected including two loci with deletion mutations and one single nucleotide change could affect the structural conformation of the protein and functional impact including aberrant expression. Molecular docking studies and in-vitro studies with cell lines and animal studies could be done to confirm these findings.
Diversity, Biomass and Carbon Storage Potential of Some Tree Species in a Nigerian Natural Forest
Authors: Akinbowale A. S. , Meshach O. A. , Adetula O. I. , Arinzechi C. I. , Jayeola K. J.
Published: September 2022

This study was carried out to assess diversity, biomass and carbon storage potential of some tree species in a Nigerian forest. All trees with Dbh >10cm were enumerated. Tree growth variables, namely the Diameter at the base (Db), Diameter at breast height (Dbh), Diameter at the middle (Dm), Diameter at the top (Dt) and height, were measured for basal area and volume estimation and their frequency of occurrence was ascertained for tree diversity assessment. Fifty-six (56) trees distributed among 21 species and 11 families were enumerated in this study area. Some of these species were Acacia ataxacantha, Blighia sapida, Alstonia bonnie, Ceiba pentandra, Celtis zenkeri, Khaya ivorensis, etc. Funtumia elastica had the highest frequency of occurrence (11 stems) with a Relative Density of 19.64%. Therefore, it could be regarded as the most abundant tree species in the  forest. Shannon Wiener index of 2.62 was recorded for this study with an evenness value of 0.86. Khaya senegalensis stored the highest carbon of 4.86 tonnes, and total Above Ground Biomass (ABG) of 53.64 g/m2, equivalent to 26.82 tonnes of Carbon was obtained for all the tree species. The results from this study showed that there is high level of forest degradation in the study area. Though, the forest could only store small amount of carbon but it has been able to reduce the amount of carbon escaping into the atmosphere. Conservative measures must be put in place to protect the forest from further degradation and this will go a long way in mitigating climate change by serving as carbon sinks.
\((\hat{\alpha}-\bar{\psi}) \text -{ Geraghty Contraction }\) on Generalized Metric Spaces with Simulation Function
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumari Nisha
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we introduce the new definitions and fixed-point theorems for \((\hat{\alpha}-\hat{\psi})\)-Geraghty contraction with an aid of simulation function \(\zeta:[0, \infty) \times[0, \infty) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) in generalized metric space satisfying the following condition:if \(\exists \hat{\beta} \in \mathcal{F}\) such that for all \(r, s \in \mathfrak{X}\), then we have\(\zeta[\hat{\alpha}(r, s)(d(\mathcal{P} r, \mathcal{P} \mathcal{s})), \hat{\beta}(\hat{\psi}(d(r, s))) \hat{\psi}(d(r, s))] \geq 0\), where \(\hat{\psi} \in \hat{\Psi}\) and \((\mathfrak{X}, d)\) is a generalized metric space. An example is also given to support our results.
Parental Polymorphism Survey for Evaluation and Selection of Contrasting Parents for Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using SSR Markers
Authors: Majhi Prasanta Kumar , Singh Shravan Kumar , Anandan Annamalai , Khaire Amrutlal R. , Korada Mounika , Habde Sonali V. , Singh Dhirendra Kumar , Bhagvan Arsode Pandurang , Jayasudha S. , Singh Akansha
Published: September 2022

Aim: This study aims to find the informative polymorphic Microsatellite (SSR) markers for drought tolerance between the recipient parent (Pratishya) and donor parent (CR Dhan 801) of rice. The drought tolerant QTLs (qDTY1.1, qDTY2.1, and qDTY3.1) from the donor parent were subsequently introgressed into the popular variety Pratikshya via marker-assisted backcross breeding.

Place and Duration of Study: The parental polymorphism study was conducted at Molecular Drought Breeding Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Central Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi; and at Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack during Rabi 2018-19.

Methodology: The parents used for the study were Pratikshya (recurrent parent) and CR Dhan 801 (donor parent). The leaf samples were collected from 20-25 days old seedlings which were used for parental polymorphism survey after DNA extraction. The genomic DNA isolation was done by using CTAB method. A set of 510 SSR markers covering all the 12 chromosomes of rice were used for parental polymorphism survey in the present study. The standard protocol of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis was used. The DNA fragments were documented using gel documentation system. The graphical representation of marker data was obtained with GGT 2.0 software.

Results: Out of 510, total 108 SSR primer pairs exhibited polymorphism between recipient parent (Pratikshya) and donor parent (CR Dhan 801) and remaining 392 SSR primers were monomorphic. The highest percentage of parental polymorphism was observed on chromosome 2 (26.53%) and 3 (26.46%) followed by chromosome 1 (23.08%); and least on chromosome number 10 (14.71%). The average per cent of polymorphism on all the 12 chromosomes were 21.28%. Out of 108 polymorphic markers obtained from screening of 510 SSRs, 69 contained dinucleotide repeats, 32 showed trinucleotide repeats and 5 were having tetranucleotide repeats.

Conclusion: The screening of markers by parental polymorphism in rice cultivars gives the basis for tagging of the target gene, fine mapping of the gene on the rice chromosome, and subsequent application in Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) programmes. The polymorphic markers identified in this study were be used for genotyping the entire mapping population and for the introgression of the QTLs/genes linked with grain yield during the reproductive stage of drought.
A machine‐learning approach for predicting impaired consciousness in absence epilepsy
Authors: Springer Max , Khalaf Aya , Vincent Peter , Ryu Jun Hwan , Abukhadra Yasmina , Beniczky Sandor , Glauser Tracy , Krestel Heinz , Blumenfeld Hal
Published: September 2022

Behavior during 3–4 Hz spike‐wave discharges (SWDs) in absence epilepsy can vary from obvious behavioral arrest to no detectible deficits. Knowing if behavior is impaired is crucial for clinical care but may be difficult to determine without specialized behavioral testing, often inaccessible in practice. We aimed to develop a pure electroencephalography (EEG)‐based machine‐learning method to predict SWD‐related behavioral impairment. Our classification goals were 100% predictive value, with no behaviorally impaired SWDs misclassified as spared; and maximal sensitivity. First, using labeled data with known behavior (130 SWDs in 34 patients), we extracted EEG time, frequency domain, and common spatial pattern features and applied support vector machines and linear discriminant analysis to classify SWDs as spared or impaired. We evaluated 32 classification models, optimized with 10‐fold cross‐validation. We then generalized these models to unlabeled data (220 SWDs in 41 patients), where behavior during individual SWDs was not known, but observers reported the presence of clinical seizures. For labeled data, the best classifier achieved 100% spared predictive value and 93% sensitivity. The best classifier on the unlabeled data achieved 100% spared predictive value, but with a lower sensitivity of 35%, corresponding to a conservative classification of 8 patients out of 23 as free of clinical seizures. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of machine learning to predict impaired behavior during SWDs based on EEG features. With additional validation and optimization in a larger data sample, applications may include EEG‐based prediction of driving safety, treatment adjustment, and insight into mechanisms of impaired consciousness in absence seizures.
A Crystalline Carbon Nitride Based Near‐Infrared Active Photocatalyst
Authors: Zhai Boyin , Li Hongguan , Gao Guangying , Wang Ying , Niu Ping , Wang Shulan , Li Li
Published: September 2022

Efficient utilization of near‐infrared (NIR) light that takes a primary percentage of the solar spectrum is of great significance for practical applications of photocatalysis. However, development of singular NIR‐based photocatalysts still remains a grand challenge. Herein, a NIR‐based crystalline carbon nitride photocatalyst is proposed by using a molten‐salt assisted protocol with carbohydrazide as the oxygen‐containing precursor. Different from the doping strategy that always leads to structural damage and crystallinity decrease, structural oxygen arising from the special precursor itself is introduced into the framework of C3N4 with highly crystalline structure formed. The n→π* excitation is therefore activated with the absorption edge extended remarkably to 1400 nm. Theoretical calculations also reveal that the local internal electric field is simultaneously generated for promoting the charge separation/migration kinetics. Benefiting from structural oxygen incorporation and crystalline structure formation, the synthesized material shows a significantly enhanced visible‐light (λ > 420 nm) hydrogen production reactivity compared with the benchmark carbon nitride, and more importantly an active NIR hydrogen generation (λ > 700 nm) and long‐wavelength overall water splitting (λ = 600 nm) capability that is rarely reported for singular photocatalysts. This study showcases an illustration of promising singular NIR photocatalysts for efficient solar fuel production.
High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics by Heterovalent Substituted Mixed Perovskites
Authors: Shen Lening , Chen Rui , Zhang Dong , Yilmazoglu Unal Cagatay , Gu Kai , Sarmiento Julio S. , Zhu Tao , Zheng Luyao , Zheng Jie , Wang He , Liu Chunming , Gong Xiong
Published: September 2022

2D perovskites are relatively stable but possess poor charge transport compared to 3D perovskites. To boost charge transport, novel 2D perovskites mixed with 3D perovskites are developed, where Pb2+ are partially substituted by the heterovalent neodymium cations (Nd3+) within both 2D and 3D perovskites (termed Nd3+‐substituted 2D:3D mixed perovskites. Systematical studies reveal that the Nd3+‐substituted 2D:3D mixed perovskites possess larger crystals, superior crystallinity, suppressed non‐radiative charge recombination, and enhanced and balanced charge transport compared to the 2D:3D mixed perovskites. As a result, perovskite photovoltaics based on the Nd3+‐substituted 2D:3D mixed perovskites exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 22.11%, a photoresponsibility of over 700 mA W−1, a photodetectivity of 4.29 × 1014 cm Hz1/2 W−1, a linear dynamic range of 165 dB at room temperature, and dramatically boosted stability. These results demonstrate that, a facile way is developed to realize high‐performance perovskite photovoltaics through partially heterovalent substituted Pb2+ by Nd3+ within 2D:3D mixed perovskites.
Crystal Reconstruction of Mo:BiVO4: Improved Charge Transport for Efficient Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Jeong Yoo Jae , Seo Dong Hyun , Baek Ji hyun , Kang Min Je , Kim Bit Na , Kim Sung kyu , Zheng Xiaolin , Cho In Sun
Published: September 2022

A multifaceted Mo:BiVO4 (mf‐BVO) photoanode is grown on F‐doped‐SnO2 substrates via achemical bath deposition, and the crystal reconstruction process of mf‐BVO is found to boost the charge transport efficiency significantly for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The mf‐BVO exhibits columnar grains with an uncommon (121) texture with high‐index facets such as (112), (020), (132), and (204). The texture and high‐index facets facilitate rapid surface melting and grain fusion during thermal annealing, thus leading to crystal reconstructed micron‐sized BVO grains (cr‐BVO). The cr‐BVO has a photocurrent density ≈50 times larger than that of mf‐BVO. The reason is identified as the significantly improved charge transport efficiency resulting from the dopant activation (increased carrier concentration) and bulky grains (fewer defects). Additionally, the cr‐BVO exhibits improved photocorrosion resistance compared to the nanoparticle‐based BVO. After coating the oxygen evolution catalyst, the photocurrent density of cr‐BVO is further increased to 4.4 mA cm−2 for water oxidation reaction at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, maintaining a high and stable faradaic efficiency of over 88% for 24 h. These results demonstrate that crystal reconstruction is a facile and effective pathway to improve the charge transport efficiency, opening a new avenue for developing efficient photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting.
Self‐Healing of Prussian Blue Analogues with Electrochemically Driven Morphological Rejuvenation
Authors: Xie Junpeng , Ma Liang , Li Jinliang , Yin Xunqing , Wen Zhaorui , Zhong Yunlei , Li Chaowei , Liu Yu , Shen Zhaoxi , Mai Wenjie , Hong Guo , Zhang Wenjun
Published: September 2022

Maintaining the morphology of electrode materials with high invertibility contributes to the prolonged cyclic stability of battery systems. However, the majority of electrode materials tend to degrade during the charge–discharge process owing to the inevitable increase in entropy. Herein, a self‐healing strategy is designed to promote morphology rejuvenation in Prussian blue analogue (PBA) cathodes by cobalt doping. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations demonstrate that a trace amount of cobalt can decelerate the crystallization process and restore the cracked areas to ensure perfect cubic structures of PBA cathodes. The electric field controls the kinetic dynamics, rather than the conventional thermodynamics, to realize the “electrochemically driven dissolution–recrystallization process” for the periodic self‐healing phenomenon. The properties of electron transportation and ion diffusion in bulk PBA are also improved by the doping strategy, thus boosting the cyclability with 4000 cycles in a diluent electrolyte. This discovery provides a new paradigm for the construction of self‐healing electrodes for cathodes.
Magnetic Ordering in a High‐Spin Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Steelman Michael E. , Adams Daniel J. , Mayer Kevin S. , Mahalingavelar Paramasivam , Liu Chih‐Ting , Eedugurala Naresh , Lockart Molly , Wang Yunfei , Gu Xiaodan , Bowman Michael K. , Azoulay Jason D.
Published: September 2022

The development of open‐shell organic molecules that magnetically order at room temperature,which can be practically applied, remains a grand challenge in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Despite the exploration of vast chemical space, design paradigms for organic paramagnetic centers generally result in unpaired electron spins that are unstable or isotropic. Here, a high‐spin conjugated polymer is demonstrated, which is composed of alternating cyclopentadithiophene and benzo[1,2‐c;4,5‐c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole heterocycles, in which macromolecular structure and topology coalesce to promote the spin center generation and intermolecular exchange coupling. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is consistent with spatially localized spins, while magnetic susceptibility measurements show clear anisotropic spin ordering and exchange interactions that persist at room temperature. The application of long‐range π‐correlations for spin center generation promotes remarkable stability. This work offers a fundamentally new approach to the implementation of this long‐sought‐after physical phenomenon within organic materials and the integration of manifold properties within emerging technologies.
Synthetic Nanoarchitectonics of Functional Organic–Inorganic 2D Germanane Heterostructures via Click Chemistry
Authors: Muñoz Jose , Palacios‐Corella Mario , Gómez I. Jénnifer , Zajíčková Lenka , Pumera Martin
Published: September 2022

Succeeding graphene, 2D inorganic materials made of reactive van der Waals layers, like 2D germanane (2D‐Ge) derivatives, have attracted great attention because their physicochemical characteristics can be entirely tuned by modulating the nature of the surface substituent. Although very interesting from a scientific point of view, almost all the reported works involving 2D‐Ge derivatives are focused on computational studies. Herein, a first prototype of organic–inorganic 2D‐Ge heterostructure has been synthesized by covalently anchoring thiol‐rich carbon dots (CD–SH) onto 2D allyl germanane (2D‐aGe) via a simple and green “one‐pot” click chemistry approach. Remarkably, the implanted characteristics of the carbon nanomaterial provide new physicochemical features to the resulting 0D/2D heterostructure, making possible its implementation in yet unexplored optoelectronic tasks—e.g., as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensing system triggered by supramolecular π–π interactions—that are inaccessible for the pristine 2D‐aGe counterpart. Consequently, this work builds a foundation toward the robust achievement of functional organic–inorganic 2D‐Ge nanoarchitectonics through covalently assembling thiol‐rich carbon nanoallotropes on commercially available 2D‐aGe.
A Time‐Division Position‐Sensitive Detector Image System for High‐Speed Multitarget Trajectory Tracking
Authors: Liu Kaiyang , Wan Dongyang , Wang Wenhui , Fei Cheng , Zhou Tao , Guo Dingli , Bai Lin , Li Yongfu , Ni Zhenhua , Lu Junpeng
Published: September 2022

High‐speed trajectory tracking with real‐time processing capability is particularly important in the fields of pilotless automobiles, guidance systems, robotics, and filmmaking. The conventional optical approach to high‐speed trajectory tracking involves charge coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, which suffer from trade‐offs between resolution and framerates, complexity of the system, and enormous data‐analysis processes. Here, a high‐speed trajectory tracking system is designed by using a time‐division position‐sensitive detector (TD‐PSD) based on a graphene–silicon Schottky heterojunction. Benefiting from the high‐speed optoelectronic response and sub‐micrometer positional accuracy of the TD‐PSD, multitarget real‐time trajectory tracking is realized, with a maximum image output framerate of up to 62 000 frames per second. Moreover, multichannel trajectory tracking and image‐distortion correction functionalities are realized by TD‐PSD systems through frequency‐related image preprocessing, which significantly improves the capacity of real‐time information processing and image quality in complicated light environments.
Multifunctional Ti3C2Tx MXene/Poly(Styrene‐Methacrylic Acid)@Polypyrrole Nanospheres/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Electrospinning Membrane for High Sensitivity Pressure Sensing and Pressure‐Electrothermal
Authors: Cheng Haonan , Tan Yongsong , Zhang Ningyi , Yin Yunjie , Wang Chaoxia
Published: September 2022

The introduction of superior conductive materials on flexible substrates with surface‐built microstructures has proven to be an effective solution for enhancing the sensitivity of pressure sensor. Thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun membrane (TPUEM) with multi‐void structure is used as substrate, and poly(styrene‐methacrylic acid)@polypyrrole nanospheres (PPNs) are pumped into the TPUEM by vacuum filtration to form a microstructure on the surface of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) electrospun fibers. The MXene dispersion is sprayed on the surface of PPNs/TPUEM. As it is gradually infiltrated into the material, a conductive network is formed. When the MXene/PPNs/TPUEM is subjected to pressure, its resistance decreases significantly due to the close contact between MXene and PPNs. The assembled pressure sensor shows superior sensitivity (16.72 kPa−1), broad sensing range (0–32.1 kPa), and rapid response (145 ms). The pressure sensor demonstrates the ability to detect human health signals and activities, including human pulse, breathing, and joint movements, etc. Benefiting from its excellent negative piezoresistive effect, the pressure sensor shows a significant pressure‐electrothermal function at 2.0 V and the local temperature is 48.08 °C. The MXene/PPNs/TPUEM has potential applications in human physiological signal monitoring, motion monitoring, and energy saving electric heating mats.
Tuning the Release Force of Microfibrillar Adhesives by Geometric Design
Authors: Barnefske Lena , Rundel Fabian , Moh Karsten , Hensel René , Zhang Xuan , Arzt Eduard
Published: September 2022

Switchable micropatterned adhesives exhibit high potential as novel resource‐efficient grippers in future pick‐and‐place systems. In contrast with the adhesion acting during the “pick” phase, the release during the “place” phase has received little research attention so far. For objects smaller than typically 1 mm, release may become difficult as gravitational and inertial forces are no longer sufficient to allow shedding of the object. A compressive overload can initiate release by elastic buckling of the fibrils, but the switching ratio (ratio between high and low adhesion force) is typically only 2–3. In this work, new microfibrillar designs are reported exhibiting directional buckling with high switching ratios in the order of 20. Their functionality is illustrated by in situ optical observation of the contact signatures. Such micropatterns can enable the successful release of small objects with high placement accuracy.
One‐Pot Covalent Functionalization of 2D Black Phosphorus by Anionic Ring Opening Polymerization
Authors: Bawadkji Obida , Cherri Mariam , Schäfer Andreas , Herziger Svenja , Nickl Philip , Achazi Katharina , Donskyi Ievgen S. , Adeli Mohsen , Haag Rainer
Published: September 2022

In this work, a one‐pot approach for the covalent functionalization of few‐layer black phosphorus (BP) by anionic ring opening polymerization of glycidol to obtain multifunctional BP‐polyglycerol (BP‐PG) with high amphiphilicity for near‐infrared‐responsive drug delivery and biocompatibility is reported. Straightforward synthesis in combination with exceptional biological and physicochemical properties designates functionalized BP‐PG as a promising candidate for a broad range of biomedical applications.
Ephrin Micropatterns Exogenously Modulate Cell Organization in Organoid‐Derived Intestinal Epithelial Monolayers
Authors: Larrañaga Enara , Fernández‐Majada Vanesa , Ojosnegros Samuel , Comelles Jordi , Martinez Elena
Published: September 2022

Eph‐ephrin signaling acts as spatial cue to define the tissue boundaries, the axonal growth, or the organization of compartmentalized tissues in vertebrates. By the regulation of tension, adhesion, and repulsion, intermingling of cells expressing the membrane‐tethered ligand and cells expressing the membrane‐tethered receptor is prevented. Despite being surface‐bound, most of the studies addressing Eph‐ephrin interactions use soluble ligands, which lack the spatial component needed to study tissue patterning. Here, it is shown that spatial patterns of ephrin ligands can modulate the organization of the different compartments in organoid‐derived intestinal epithelial monolayers. A modified version of the microcontact printing technique is used to create spatial cues of ephrin ligand on basement membrane surrogates. It is shown that both ligand concentration and cellular density can impact the strength of the repulsive effect triggered by Eph‐ephrin signaling. Finally, it is demonstrated that by using micropatterned ephrin spatial cues one can modify the orientation of intestinal crypts and align them in the direction set by the pattern. The approach presented here is believed to be an excellent tool to study exogenous signal with relevant spatial distribution in vivo.
From Top to Down—Recent Advances in Etching of 2D Materials
Authors: Li Minghui , Li Lin , Fan Yixuan , Jiao Fei , Geng Dechao , Hu Wenping
Published: September 2022

Etching, considered as the reverse process of growth, has drawn intensive interests in the past decades. Rather from offering building blocks for formation of materials, etching is served as removing basic units from the matrix. Generally, etching plays a critical role in three aspects: first, it can serve as direct top‐down method to precisely make designed patterns for electronic devices. Second, it can offer an indirect way to probe the detailed growth mechanism of 2D materials, enhancing understanding of growth process. Finally, it can be an efficient and facile way to visualize grain boundaries. Herein, several commonly used etching techniques for 2D materials are presented of which chemical vapor deposition etching has attracted the most intensive attentions. Thereafter, the typical etching modes of 2D materials are demonstrated, wherein linear etching, anisotropic etching, and fractal etching are comprehensively exhibited, respectively. Furthermore, the etching mechanism of 2D materials is elucidated, thereby offering a guideline for probing their in‐depth etching dynamics and kinetics. Finally, relevant concerns regarding uniformity and reproducibility within etching process are discussed and the expected future is envisaged.
Optically Transparent Single‐Layer Frequency‐Selective Surface Absorber for Dual‐Band Millimeter‐Wave Absorption and Low‐Infrared Emissivity
Authors: Han Kiwook , Shim Hyeon Bo , Hahn Jae Won
Published: September 2022

Current research on multispectral stealth material technology focuses on practical functionalities such as optical transparency, flexibility, and lightweight. Herein, an optically transparent and single‐layer frequency‐selective surface (OTSF) absorber for dual‐band millimeter‐wave (MMW) absorption and low‐infrared (IR) emissivity is proposed. By adopting indium tin oxide and polyethylene terephthalate, the proposed OTSF absorber exhibits good optical transparency (76% transmittance in the 400–800 nm range on an average) and flexibility. The OTSF absorber exhibits high absorption at the dual‐band frequency in the MMW range (99.7% at 35 GHz and 89.7% at 103 GHz). In the IR band, the average band emissivity of the OTSF absorber for the midwave IR (MWIR) band (3–8 μm) and the long‐wave IR (LWIR) band (8–15 μm) is measured to be 0.26 and 0.23, respectively. Thermal images of the OTSF absorber clearly show its low‐emission characteristics that are similar to those of metal. The proposed OTSF absorber structure has significant potential for practical applications of MMW–IR multispectral stealth materials.