bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Estimation of the Impacts of Precursor Emissions on Surface O3 and PM2.5 Collaborative Pollution in Three Typical Regions of China via Multi-Task Learning
Authors: Liu Mengnan , Ma Mingliang , Liu Mengjiao , Meng Fei , Fu Pingjie , Xing Huaqiao , Bi Jingxue , Zheng Zhe , Lv Yongqiang
Published: March 2024

The coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution has become a critical factor restricting the improvement of air quality in China. In this work, precursors and related influencing factors were utilized to establish PM2.5 and O3 estimation models in the North China Plain (NCP), the Yangzi River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) using a multi-task-learning (MTL) model. The prediction accuracy of these three MTL models was high, with R2 values ranging from 0.69 to 0.83. Subsequently, these MTL models were used to quantitatively reveal the relative importance of each factor to PM2.5 and O3 collaborative pollution simultaneously. Precursors and meteorological factors were the two most critical influencing factors for PM2.5 and O3 pollution in three regions, with their relative importance values larger than 29.99% and 15.89%, respectively. Furthermore, these models were used to reveal the response of PM2.5 and O3 to each precursor in each region. In the NCP and the YRD, the two most important precursors of PM2.5 pollution are SO2 and HCHO, while the two most critical factors for O3 pollution are HCHO and NO2. Therefore, SO2 and VOC emissions reduction is the most important measure for PM2.5 pollution, while VOC and NO2 emission reduction is the most critical measure for O3 pollution in these two regions. In terms of the PRD, SO2 and NO2 are the most important precursors of PM2.5 pollution, while the most important precursors for O3 pollution are HCHO and SOX, respectively. Thus, NO2, SO2, and VOC emission reduction is the most critical measure for PM2.5 pollution, while VOC and NO2 emission reduction is the most critical measure for O3 pollution in the PRD. Overall, this study provides clues and references for the control of PM2.5 and O3 collaborative pollution in the NCP, the YRD, and the PRD.
Effects of the Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers with Organic Fertilizers in Different Proportions on Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities of Soil Aggregates in Gravel-Mulched Field
Authors: Tang Chaonan , Du Shaoping , Ma Zhongming , Xue Liang , Chen Juan , Hai Long
Published: March 2024

Gravel-mulched fields are a unique form of drought-resistant agriculture in the northwest region of China. In recent years, continuous cropping obstacles caused by the perennial cultivation of a single crop have seriously constrained the sustainable development of sand fields. This study aimed to explore the distribution patterns of different particle sizes of aggregates (>2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and <0.25 mm) and the relationships between their microbial biomass and enzyme activities under different organic fertilization and to explore the effective measures for improving soil fertility in a gravel-mulched field with an 8-year positioning test. The results indicate that the mass percentage of soil aggregates of ≥1 mm and their mean weight diameter (MWD), microbial biomass (carbon and nitrogen, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and total phospholipid fatty acids), and their related enzyme activities (leucine aminopeptidase, LAP; N-acetyl-β-d-glucosidase, NAG; β-glucosidase, BG; and polyphenol oxidase, PPO) in aggregates of different particle sizes increased with the increase in the proportion of organic fertilizers replacing the N fertilizer. Among them, the organic fertilizer replacing more than 50% of chemical nitrogen fertilizers exerted the most significant effect. With the decrease in agglomerate particle size, the contents of microbial carbon and nitrogen showed a decreasing trend, whereas LAP, NAG, and BG activities followed an increasing trend, and the change in microbial biomass was not obvious. The correlation analysis showed highly significant positive correlations between the MWD of soil aggregates, microbial biomass, and the activities of LAP, NAG, BG, and PPO. Therefore, the replacement of more than 50% of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer was observed to be conducive to promoting the formation of large aggregates in sandy soils and increasing the microbial biomass and enzyme activities in different sizes of aggregates.
Environmental Governance and Gender Inclusivity: Analyzing the Interplay of PM2.5 and Women’s Representation in Political Leadership in the European Union
Authors: Koengkan Matheus , Fuinhas José Alberto , Auza Anna , Castilho Daniela , Kaymaz Volkan
Published: March 2024

This research addresses a critical gap in the literature by establishing a direct correlation between particle pollution from fine particulates (PM2.5) and women’s political participation. It offers a nuanced understanding of gender dynamics in governance and their impact on environmental outcomes. Focusing on 27 European Union (EU) countries from 2013 to 2021, econometric techniques unveil common trends, underscoring cross-sectional dependence. This study reveals distinct gender behaviors in combating pollution, with women in parliaments and regional assemblies notably contributing to pollutant reduction. However, the negative impact of women’s engagement in politics on PM2.5 intensifies the lower part of the representation hierarchy. Policymakers are urged to create conditions fostering women’s political participation, advocating for gender quotas to address underrepresentation. The research emphasizes the interconnectedness of gender, politics, and environmental issues, urging heightened awareness among policymakers. Limitations include a confined scope and duration, requiring cross-validation beyond the EU. Future research pathways involve exploring the intricate connections between gender, politics, and environmental initiatives, seeking thresholds for impactful women’s representation. In contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this study aligns with SDG 5 (gender equality), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), SDG 16 (peace, justice, and strong institutions), and SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals).
Nexus between Urban Circular Economies and Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cervantes Puma Genesis Camila , Salles Adriana , Bragança Luís
Published: March 2024

Since the definition and publication of the 2030 Agenda in 2015, addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been pivotal in guiding carbon neutrality and sustainable solutions in urban development. Despite the passage of nine years, tangible successes in achieving the SDGs have been limited, underscoring the critical need for innovative approaches to fostering energy performance and reducing carbon emissions. This study advocates for adopting circular economy principles as a strategic pathway to mitigate environmental, social, and economic challenges and promote sustainable, net-zero-energy solutions. Through a systematic literature review spanning multiple databases, this research underscores the synergy between urban circular economies (UCEs) and the SDGs, with a particular focus on sustainable solutions, resource use circularity in construction, and renewable energy integration. By setting stringent eligibility criteria, this review captures a wide array of perspectives, providing a comprehensive analysis that bridges the gap between urban sustainability, renewable energy adoption, and climate change mitigation efforts. The analysis of 23 selected papers reveals a substantial linkage between UCE practices and the advancement of SDGs, highlighting the pivotal roles of responsible consumption, resource efficiency, and regenerative practices in achieving co-benefits through policy and regulatory frameworks towards carbon neutrality. The findings recommend implementing a holistic approach that integrates urban sustainability with circular economy principles, offering a structured insight into the potential of UCEs in fostering a sustainable transition in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Sustainable Innovation in Organizations: A Look from Processes, Products, and Services
Authors: Zartha Jhon , Orozco Gina , Barreto Diana , García Diego
Published: March 2024

Sustainability has been playing a major role on the world stage. As with everything, in the beginning, it was aligned with purely environmental contexts, but with the passing of the years, this concept has encompassed other aspects, such as the way of producing products and services. In this article, to obtain information on the implementation of sustainable innovation, a search equation was formulated in the SCOPUS database, focusing on the period from 2018 to 2023, with a total of 62 articles that are related to the topic addressed. Once the search of the published articles was carried out, seven categories were formed to classify the research topic of each of the publications with Bibliometrix software version 4.1.1 and the PRISMA method, according to the main objective and methodology used in each one. In this sense, 44% of the articles published are related to open innovation, and 26% of the articles are focused on sustainable business models. At the end of the analysis of the implementation of innovation according to the articles consulted, it was possible to establish the fact that sustainable innovation gave rise to some important work in the mitigation of adverse impacts.
Fostering a Whole-Institution Approach to Sustainability through Systems Thinking: An Analysis of the State-of-the-Art in Sustainability Integration in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Christou Odysseas , Manou Dimitra B. , Armenia Stefano , Franco Eduardo , Blouchoutzi Anastasia , Papathanasiou Jason
Published: March 2024

Policy initiatives from the United Nations and EU institutions have emphasized the need for higher education institutions (HEIs) to fulfil a significant role in green transitioning. However, they tend to fall short of the achievement of this objective. Multiple studies indicate that HEIs assign high importance to the integration of environmental sustainability on a strategic level but generally lack dedicated policies of integration in operational aspects. This paper’s research aim is to provide a meta-study that reviews, analyzes, and assesses the state of the art on research on HEI sustainability. The paper also contributes to the state-of-the-art by mapping institutional sustainability self-assessment models, tools, and guidelines in four prominent research areas: (1) sustainability integration in educational activities, pedagogical perspectives, and systemic transformations; (2) benchmarking sustainability of organizational transformation and operational optimization, and links between developmental priorities and educational settings; (3) whole-system approaches focusing on the design and implementation of whole-institution sustainability plans; and (4) HEI sustainability culture and operations. The paper’s final contribution is the presentation of best practices and emerging trends in the literature. These practices were selected on the following qualitative methodological criteria based on the systems-thinking approach to whole-institution assessment: (1) the effectiveness of self-assessment models, tools, and guidelines in each respective research area; (2) the degree of integration of systems thinking and/or modeling; and (3) the incorporation of qualitative indicators for stakeholder engagement.
Assessment of Ecological Flow in Hulan River Basin Utilizing SWAT Model and Diverse Hydrological Approaches
Authors: Liu Geng-Wei , Dai Chang-Lei , Shao Ze-Xuan , Xiao Rui-Han , Guo Hong-Cong
Published: March 2024

Human activities have significantly altered the hydrological processes of rivers. In recent years, the increased focus on global water resource exploitation and land use changes has heightened the significance of related ecological and environmental issues. To investigate the land use changes in Hulan River Basin between 1980 and 2020, and the corresponding flow under various ecological standards, a quantitative assessment of land use changes in Hulan River Basin was conducted by analyzing the Land Use Dynamic Degree (LUD) index and the land use change matrix. Two types of models, namely natural runoff models and status quo runoff models, were developed to evaluate alterations in basin runoff. Various hydrological techniques were utilized to calculate the ecological water deficit in Hulan River Basin. The results suggest the following: (1) human consumption comprises approximately 40% of surface water resources, with Hulan River Basin exhibiting a moderate consumption level; (2) when determining the minimum ecological flow, the Distribution Flow Method (DFM) method yielded slightly higher outcomes compared to alternative methodologies; both the variable Q90 method and DFM (Q2) method satisfy 10% of the natural river flow, however, in terms of capturing the hydrological pattern, DFM exhibits a slightly lower fitting degree compared to the variable Q90 (monthly average flow with 90% guarantee rate) method; (3) DFM is identified as scientifically reasonable for determining the most suitable ecological flow in comparison to other hydrological methods; (4) despite the widespread water scarcity in Hulan River Basin, the variance between most periods and the ideal ecological flow remains minimal, indicating that severe water shortages are uncommon.
Recent Progress in Turning Waste into Catalysts for Green Syntheses
Authors: Wink Konstantin , Hartmann Ingo
Published: March 2024

The recycling of catalysts has emerged as a key solution to address environmental pollution and the scarcity of natural resources. This dynamic is further reinforced by the growing industrial demand for catalysts and the urgent need to transition to more sustainable production methods. In the context of chemical transformations, the direct reuse of recycled catalysts for chemical applications in particular represents an elegant route towards greener syntheses. In this article, we review recent advancements in the recycling of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts since 2020, emphasizing the utilization of waste-derived catalysts for chemical reactions. In particular, we consider three primary sources of waste: electronic waste, spent lithium-ion batteries, and industrial wastewater. For each of these waste streams, different extraction methods are explored for their effectiveness in obtaining catalysts suitable for a broad spectrum of chemical reactions. These presented studies emphasize the potential of recycled catalysts to contribute to a sustainable and waste-efficient future.
Recent Developments in Iterative Algorithms for Digital Metrics
Authors: Shaheen Aasma , Batool Afshan , Ali Amjad , Sulami Hamed Al , Hussain Aftab
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the advancements made in understanding Iterative Fixed-Point Schemes, which builds upon the concept of digital contraction mappings. Additionally, we introduce the notion of an Iterative Fixed-Point Schemes in digital metric spaces. In this study, we extend the idea of Iteration process Mann, Ishikawa, Agarwal, and Thakur based on the ϝ-Stable Iterative Scheme in digital metric space. We also design some fractal images, which frame the compression of Fixed-Point Iterative Schemes and contractive mappings. Furthermore, we present a concrete example that exemplifies the motivation behind our investigations. Moreover, we provide an application of the proposed Fractal image and Sierpinski triangle that compress the works by storing images as a collection of digital contractions, which addresses the issue of storing images with less storage memory in this paper.
Implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Measurements
Authors: Woo-García Rosa M. , Pérez-Vista José M. , Sánchez-Vidal Adrián , Herrera-May Agustín L. , Osorio-de-la-Rosa Edith , Caballero-Briones Felipe , López-Huerta Francisco
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, the need to monitor different physical variables is constantly increasing and can be used in different applications, from humidity monitoring to disease detection in living beings, using a local or wireless sensor network (WSN). The Internet of Things has become a valuable approach to climate monitoring, daily parcel monitoring, early disease detection, crop plant counting, and risk assessment. Herein, an autonomous energy wireless sensor network for monitoring environmental variables is proposed. The network’s tree topology configuration, which involves master and slave modules, is managed by microcontrollers embedded with sensors, constituting a key part of the WSN architecture. The system’s slave modules are equipped with sensors for temperature, humidity, gas, and light detection, along with a photovoltaic cell to energize the system, and a WiFi module for data transmission. The receiver incorporates a user interface and the necessary computing components for efficient data handling. In an open-field configuration, the transceiver range of the proposed system reaches up to 750 m per module. The advantages of this approach are its scalability, energy efficiency, and the system’s ability to provide real-time environmental monitoring over a large area, which is particularly beneficial for applications in precision agriculture and environmental management.
Association between Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and the Prevalence of Sleep Problems in US Adults
Authors: Sun Jianyun , Gui Chunyan , Xiao Ya , Ma Runxue , Liu Ce , He Li , Zhao Hao , Luo Bin
Published: March 2024

Background: While mounting evidence suggests a connection between environmental contaminants and sleep problems, it remains uncertain whether exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specifically is associated with such problems. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program’s five survey cycles (2005–2006, 2011–2018) were used to conduct cross-sectional research. Data on short sleep duration (SSD) and self-reported trouble sleeping were collected from questionnaire data. Data on urine VOCs were gathered from laboratory data. The association between urinary VOCs and sleep problems was examined using weighted generalized linear models and the restricted cubic spline (RCS), weighted quantile sum (WQS), and quantile-based g-calculation (QGC) methods. Results: In all, a total of 4131 general adult individuals were included in this study. The prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping was 34.11% and 25.03%, respectively. 3,4-MHA, AAMA, AMCC, SBMA, and MA were risk factors for SSD after adjusting several covariates, with the largest effect being AMCC (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.02). Risk factors for sleep issues included AAMA, AMCC, CEMA, CYMA, DGBMA, 2HPMA, 3HPMA, MA, and PGA, with AMCC having the highest impact with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.22). Both the WQS model and the QGC model showed that the co-exposure to VOCs was positively associated with SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping, with AMCC being the most influential VOC. Conclusions: According to our research, high levels of single or mixed urine VOCs are linked to a higher prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping in the general adult population of the United States. Further prospective and experimental studies are needed in the future to validate these potential relationships and explore the underlying mechanisms.
Novel Study of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Post-Reperfusion Liver Biopsies after Transplantation Using COVID-19-Positive Donor Allografts
Authors: Whitrock Jenna N. , Carter Michela M. , Price Adam D. , Delman Aaron M. , Pratt Catherine G. , Wang Jiang , Sharma Divya , Quillin Ralph C. , Shah Shimul A.
Published: March 2024

The utilization of COVID-19-positive donors has expanded the donor pool for transplantation since the initiation of COVID allograft utilization protocols. However, the biopsy-proven PCR transmission rate of COVID-19 from these allografts has not been well documented. In August 2021, an institutional COVID-19-positive allograft protocol was implemented for liver and kidney transplants. Post-reperfusion liver biopsies were obtained intra-operatively to evaluate for COVID-19 RNA, and post-operative day 7 nasopharyngeal reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) swabs were collected. The primary endpoints evaluated included COVID-19 RNA on biopsy and COVID-19 detected via nasopharyngeal RT-PCR swab on post-operative day 7. A total of 20 vaccinated recipients underwent transplantation (17 liver only, 3 simultaneous liver and kidney) with whole liver allografts from 20 COVID-19-positive deceased donors between August 2021 and April 2022. 95% (19/20) of donors were asymptomatic at the time of donation. On post-reperfusion liver allograft biopsies, COVID-19 RNA was found in 10% (2/20) of the samples. All the recipients were COVID-19-negative on post-operative day 7 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR, showing a 0% transmission rate of COVID-19 from the positive allografts. The use of COVID-19 allografts appears to be a safe practice, with no PCR-detectable transmission of COVID-19 despite 10% of the liver allografts having COVID-19 RNA present on post-reperfusion biopsy.
Determination of Optimal Antigen Yield and Virus Inactivation Conditions for the Production of the Candidate Foot-and-Mouth Disease Recombinant Vaccine Strain Asia1 Shamir-R in a Bioreactor
Authors: Kim Jae Young , Park Sun Young , Lee Gyeongmin , Park Sang Hyun , Jin Jong-Sook , Kim Dohyun , Park Jong-Hyeon , Jeong Seong-Yun , Ko Young-Joon
Published: March 2024

Since the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in South Korea in 2010–2011, vaccination policies utilizing inactivated FMD vaccines composed of types O and A have been implemented nationwide. However, because type Asia1 occurred in North Korea in 2007 and intermittently in neighboring countries, the risk of type Asia1 introduction cannot be ruled out. This study evaluated the antigen yield and viral inactivation kinetics of the recombinant Asia1 Shamir vaccine strain (Asia1 Shamir-R). When Asia1 Shamir-R was proliferated in shaking flasks (1 L), a 2 L bioreactor (1 L), and a wave bioreactor (25 L), the antigen yields were 7.5 μg/mL, 5.2 μg/mL, and 3.8 μg/mL, respectively. The optimal FMDV inactivation conditions were 2 mM BEI at 26 °C and 1.0 mM BEI at 37 °C. There was no antigen loss due to BEI treatment, and only a decrease in antigen levels was observed during storage. The sera from pigs immunized with antigen derived from a bioreactor exhibited a neutralizing antibody titer of approximately 1/1000 against Asia1 Shamir and Asia1/MOG/05 viruses; therefore, Asia1 Shamir-R is expected to provide sufficient protection against both viruses. If an FMD vaccine production facility is established, this Asia1 Shamir-R can be employed for domestic antigen banks in South Korea.
Bioinformatic, Biochemical, and Immunological Mining of MHC Class I Restricted T Cell Epitopes for a Marburg Nucleoprotein Microparticle Vaccine
Authors: Harris Paul E. , Burkholz Scott , Herst Charles V. , Rubsamen Reid M.
Published: March 2024

The Marburg virus (MARV), the virus responsible for Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF), is considered a top-priority pathogen for vaccine development. Recent outbreaks in Equatorial Africa have highlighted the urgency of MARV because of its high fatality rate and historical concerns about potential weaponization. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines for MARV. Existing vaccine candidates rely on attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus carrying MARV glycoprotein (VSVΔG) or the chimpanzee replication-defective adenovirus 3 vector ChAd3-MARV. Although these platforms provide significant protection in animal models, they face challenges because of their limited thermal stability and the need for cold storage during deployment in resource-poor areas. An alternative approach involves using adjuvanted poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles loaded with synthetic peptides representing MHC class I—restricted T cell epitopes. This vaccine platform has demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 and EBoV disease in animal models and has the advantage of not requiring cold storage and remaining stable at room temperature for over six months. This report outlines the design, manufacturing, and in vivo immunogenicity testing of PLGA microparticle human vaccines designed to prevent Marburg hemorrhagic fever.
A Curb-Detection Network with a Tri-Plane BEV Encoder Module for Autonomous Delivery Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wang Jinzhu , Zhu Xichan , Ma Zhixiong
Published: March 2024

Curb detection tasks play a crucial role in the perception of the autonomous driving environment for logistics vehicles. With the popularity of multi-modal sensors under the BEV (Bird’s Eye View) paradigm, curb detection tasks are increasingly being integrated into multi-task perception networks, achieving robust detection results. This paper modifies and integrates the tri-plane spatial feature representation method of the EG3D network from the field of 3D reconstruction into a BEV-based multi-modal sensor detection network, including LiDAR, pinhole cameras, and fisheye cameras. The system collects a total of 24,350 frames of data under real road conditions for experimentation, proving the effectiveness of the proposed method.
From Wet Mount to Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques: Current Diagnostic Methods and Future Perspectives Based on Patenting of New Assays, Stains, and Diagnostic Images for Trichomonas vaginalis Detection
Authors: Cardoso Fernanda Gomes , Freitas Mariana Dicki , Tasca Tiana , Rigo Graziela Vargas
Published: March 2024

Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world. The estimated global prevalence in 2016 was 156 million adults aged 15–49. However, these data are underestimated, since the most used diagnostic method is the wet mount, which has low sensitivity, the information regarding the estimated duration of infection is limited and there is evidence of undiagnosed asymptomatic cases in both sexes. Currently 80% of cases—including both sexes—are asymptomatic, which makes the disease silent and chronic in course, leading to complications. The aim of this review was to discuss the diagnostic methods for T. vaginalis detection that are currently available and applicable in the clinical laboratory routine. Overall, nucleic acid amplification techniques are the best option for T. vaginalis detection, with higher sensitivity and specificity than other tests. Although these techniques present higher cost, their implementation should be supported to ensure correct trichomoniasis diagnosis and treatment beyond contributing to questions on epidemiology and control.
A Digitalized Methodology for Co-Design Structural and Performance Optimization of Battery Modules
Authors: Kalogiannis Theodoros , Hosen Md Sazzad , Van Mierlo Joeri , Van Den Bossche Peter , Berecibar Maitane
Published: March 2024

In this study, we present an innovative, fully automated, and digitalized methodology to optimize the energy efficiency and cost effectiveness of Li-ion battery modules. Advancing on from today’s optimization schemes that rely on user experience and other limitations, the mechanical and thermal designs are optimized simultaneously in this study by coupling 3D multi-physical behavior models to multi-objective heuristic optimization algorithms. Heat generation at various loading and ambient conditions are estimated with a physics-based, fractional-order battery cell-level model, which is extrapolated to a module that further accounts for the interconnected cells’ heat transfer phenomena. Several key performance indicators such as the surface temperature increase, the temperature variations on the cells, and heat uniformity within the module are recorded. For the air-cooled study case, the proposed coupled framework performs more than 250 module evaluations in a relatively short time for the whole available electro-thermal-mechanical design space, thereby ensuring global optimal results in the final design. The optimal module design proposed by this method is built in this work, and it is experimentally evaluated with a module composed of 12 series-connected Li-ion NMC/C 43Ah prismatic battery cells. The performance is validated at various conditions, which is achieved by accounting the thermal efficiency and pressure drop with regard to power consumption improvements. The validations presented in this study verify the applicability and overall efficiency of the proposed methodology, as well as paves the way toward better energy and cost-efficient battery systems.
A Study on Reducing Traffic Congestion in the Roadside Unit for Autonomous Vehicles Using BSM and PVD
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Oh Jinhyeok , Kim Minchul , Lim Myongcheol , Yun Keon , Yun Heesun , Kim Chanmin , Lee Juntaek
Published: March 2024

With the rapid advancement of autonomous vehicles reshaping urban transportation, the importance of innovative traffic management solutions has escalated. This research addresses these challenges through the deployment of roadside units (RSUs), aimed at enhancing traffic flow and safety within the autonomous driving era. Our research, conducted in diverse road settings such as straight and traffic circle roads, delves into the RSUs’ capacity to diminish traffic density and alleviate congestion. Employing vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, we can scrutinize its essential role in navigating autonomous vehicles, incorporating basic safety messages (BSMs) and probe vehicle data (PVD) to accurately monitor vehicle presence and status. This paper presupposes the connectivity of all vehicles, contemplating the integration of on-board units or on-board diagnostics in legacy vehicles to extend connectivity, albeit this aspect falls beyond the work’s current ambit. Our detailed experiments on two types of roads demonstrate that vehicle behavior is significantly impacted when density reaches critical thresholds of 3.57% on straight roads and 34.41% on traffic circle roads. However, it is important to note that the identified threshold values are not absolute. In our experiments, these thresholds represent points at which the behavior of one vehicle begins to significantly impact the flow of two or more vehicles. At these levels, we propose that RSUs intervene to mitigate traffic issues by implementing measures such as prohibiting lane changes or restricting entry to traffic circles. We propose a new message set in PVD for RSUs: road balance. Using this message, RSUs can negotiate between vehicles. This approach underscores the RSUs’ capability to actively manage traffic flow and prevent congestion, highlighting their critical role in maintaining optimal traffic conditions and enhancing road safety.
Exploring Perceptions of Cesarean Sections among Postpartum Women in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Michael Turnwait Otu , Agbana Richard Dele , Naidoo Kammila
Published: March 2024

Cesarean sections have become increasingly common globally, including in Nigeria. This qualitative study explores the perceptions and experiences of postpartum women who underwent cesarean sections within the distinct contexts of Ibadan in Oyo State, Nigeria. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 24 postpartum women in selected health facilities in urban and rural areas. A diverse sample was purposively selected to capture a range of experiences based on age, residence, education, and cultural backgrounds. Thematic analysis was employed to identify patterns and themes within the data. The findings revealed diverse emotional responses among participants, ranging from relief and gratitude to disappointment and feelings of loss for not experiencing a vaginal birth. Societal pressures and cultural expectations played a significant role in influencing women’s perceptions and experiences of cesarean sections. Future childbirth preferences and support systems, including healthcare provider–patient relationships and community support, were identified as crucial factors impacting postoperative recovery. This study contributes to the understanding of women’s perceptions of cesarean sections within the local context of Ibadan, Nigeria. The findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive healthcare practices, clear communication, and support systems to enhance the birthing experiences of women undergoing cesarean sections.
An Increase in Prominent Probiotics Represents the Major Change in the Gut Microbiota in Morbidly Obese Female Patients upon Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Kissmann Ann-Kathrin , Paß Frederike , Ruzicka Hans-Maximilian , Dorst Isabel , Stieger Kai R. , Weil Tanja , Gihring Adrian , Elad Leonard , Knippschild Uwe , Rosenau Frank
Published: March 2024

The global increase in obesity carries inherent health implications, with an increased BMI being a known risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or different cancer types. The long-term effectiveness of diet therapy in addressing morbid obesity is extremely limited, with no adequate pharmaceutical agents available as treatment options, resulting in bariatric surgery being the only viable option to achieve and maintain significant long-term weight loss. Something that plays an important role in overall human health is the gut microbiome and its complex composition, which is usually altered and reduced in complexity/diversity in severely obese patients. In this study, the influence of bariatric surgery and the resulting weight loss on the gut microbiome composition of twelve morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40) adult female central European patients was investigated by comparing the relative abundances of the major microbial phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria pre- and post-surgery. We also aimed to give insight into the major changes in individual prominent and promising future probiotic bacteria characterized by an overall increase in abundance accompanied by a switch of enterotypes. Identifying specific microbial alterations associated with successful weight-loss outcomes may contribute to the development of future therapeutic interventions by supplementation with next-generation probiotics.
TEST RESULTS OF THE DOMESTIC FEED BOOSTER ROBOT IN DAIRY FARM CONDITIONS
Authors: САМАРИН Г.Н. , БЛАГОВ Д.А. , НИКИТИН Е.А. , ДОНЧЕНКО А.С. , МИХАЙЛИЧЕНКО С.М.
Published: March 2024

Приведены данные по испытанию робота — подталкивателя корма в условиях молочной фермы в Московской области. Опыт проводили на 2 группах молочного скота голштинизированной черно-пестрой породы. В контрольной группе разбросанный корм пододвигал обслуживающий персонал согласно установленному графику работы, а в опытной группе — робот-подталкиватель, в котором была установлена программа пододвигания корма каждые 4 ч, или 6 раз в сутки. Хозяйственный рацион подопытных животных состоял из сена и сенажа из люцерны, силоса кукурузного, ячменя, овса, жмыха рапсового, шрота подсолнечного, патоки, соли, витаминно-минеральных добавок. Структура его соответствовала концентратному типу кормления: доля концентратов составляла 49,19%. Остальная группа кормов имела следующую структуру: грубые — 18,93%, сочные — 31,88%. По сравнению с ручным трудом применение роботизированного пододвигания корма положительно сказалось на поедаемости хозяйственного рациона. Разница в потреблении рациона между животными испытуемых групп в среднем составляла 5%. Содержание общего белка в сыворотке крови коров опытной группы было выше на 2,77% по сравнению с особями из контроля. Минеральный обмен так же имел незначительные различия. Количество кальция и фосфора у коров опытной группы было выше на 3,72 и 2,82% соответственно, чем у животных в контроле.

The data on the testing of a feed booster robot in a dairy farm in the Moscow region are presented. The experiment was carried out on 2 groups of dairy cattle of Holstein black-and-white breed. In the control group, the scattered feed was moved by the maintenance staff according to the established work schedule, and in the experimental group — a robot pusher, in which a program was installed to move the feed every 4 hours, or 6 times a day. The household diet of the experimental animals consisted of hay and haylage from alfalfa, corn silage, barley, oats, rapeseed cake, sunflower meal, molasses, salt, vitamin and mineral additives. Its structure corresponded to the concentrate type of feeding: the proportion of concentrates was 49.19%. The rest of the feed group had the following structure: coarse — 18.93%, juicy — 31.88%. Compared with manual labor, the use of robotic feed movement had a positive effect on the digestibility of the household diet. The difference in dietary intake between the animals of the test groups averaged 5%. The total protein content in the blood serum of cows of the experimental group was 2.77% higher compared to individuals from the control. Mineral metabolism also had minor differences. The amount of calcium and phosphorus in the cows of the experimental group was higher by 3.72 and 2.82%, respectively, than in the animals in the control.
GPs’ perspectives on diagnostic tests for children: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth T , Glogowska Margaret , Hayward Gail , Gill Peter J , Perera Rafael , Heneghan Carl J
Published: March 2024

Background

Most healthcare contacts for children in the UK occur in general practice. Diagnostic tests can be beneficial in narrowing differential diagnoses; however, there is substantial variation in the use of tests for children in general practice. Unwarranted variation in testing can lead to variation in quality of care and may exacerbate health inequities. To our knowledge, no previous study has tried to understand why variation in testing exists for children in general practice.

Aim

To explore GPs’ perspectives on using diagnostic tests for children in primary care and the underlying drivers of variation.

Design and setting

Qualitative study in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with GPs and trainee GPs in England.

Method

Interviews were conducted with 18 GPs and two trainee GPs between April and June 2023. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

GPs reflected that their approach to testing in children differed from their approach to testing in adults: their threshold to test was higher, and their threshold to refer to specialists was lower. GPs’ perceptions of test utility varied, including objective testing for asthma. Perceived drivers of variation in testing were intrinsic (clinician-specific) factors relating to their risk tolerance and experience; and extrinsic factors, including disease prevalence, parental concern and expectations of health care, workforce changes leading to fragmentation in care, time constraints, and differences in guidelines.

Conclusion

The findings of this study identify actionable issues for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to address gaps in education, evidence, and guidance, reduce unwarranted differences in test use, and improve the quality of health care delivered to children in general practice.
Distinguishing emotional distress from mental disorder in primary care: a qualitative exploration of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire
Authors: Geraghty Adam WA , Holt Sian , Chew-Graham Carolyn A , Santer Miriam , Moore Michael , Kendrick Tony , Terluin Berend , Little Paul , Stuart Beth , Mistry Manoj , Richards Al , Smith Debs , Newman Sonia , Rathod Shanaya , Bowers Hannah , van Marwijk Harm
Published: March 2024

Background

Primary care clinicians see people experiencing the full range of mental health problems. Determining when symptoms reflect disorder is complex. The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) uniquely distinguishes general distress from depressive and anxiety disorders. It may support diagnostic conversations and targeting of treatment.

Aim

To explore peoples’ experiences of completing the 4DSQ and their perceptions of their resulting score profile across distress, depression, anxiety, and physical symptoms.

Design and setting

A qualitative study was conducted in the UK with people recruited from primary care and community settings.

Method

Participants completed the 4DSQ then took part in semi-structured telephone interviews. They were interviewed about their experience of completing the 4DSQ, their perceptions of their scores across four dimensions, and the perceived utility if used with a clinician. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed thematically.

Results

Twenty-four interviews were conducted. Most participants found the 4DSQ easy to complete and reported that scores across the four dimensions aligned well with their symptom experience. Distinct scores for distress, depression, and anxiety appeared to support improved self-understanding. Some valued the opportunity to discuss their scores and provide relevant context. Many felt the use of the 4DSQ with clinicians would be helpful and likely to support treatment decisions, although some were concerned about time-limited consultations.

Conclusion

Distinguishing general distress from depressive and anxiety disorders aligned well with people’s experience of symptoms. Use of the 4DSQ as part of mental health consultations may support targeting of treatment and personalisation of care.
Sitios potenciales de cosecha de agua escorrientia para uso agropecuario, Cuenca del Alto Pozuzo, Perú
Authors: Bukvich Echevarria Danilo Dusan , Castillo Paredes Hitlser Juan , Zafra Trelles Alina Mabel , Agustín Cristóbal Moisés
Published: March 2024

El agua es indispensable en la producción agropecuaria. Objetivo. Aplicar un modelo geoespacial para identificar zonas con aptitud para la cosecha de agua de escorrentía dentro de la cuenca del Alto Pozuzo, en Perú. Materiales y Métodos. Los insumos lo constituyeron el Modelo Digital de Elevación a resolución de 5 metros, ráster del contenido de arcilla de los suelos en (g/kg) y el ráster de la clasificación de usos de suelo. Resultados. Con la simulación geoespacial se determinó que el 2,488% tiene una capa ráster de pendiente óptima (solo el 11,805% de la cuenca), se identificaron 273 396 cauces con orden uno de densa red hídrica, y con capa ráster de ponderación morfométrica óptima el 3,502%. Conclusiones. Las zonas con aptitud para la cosecha de agua de escorrentía obtenidas fueron 303 óptimas y 1 144 muy adecuadas; de los sectores de Chontabamba, Chacos, tramo Oxapampa-Huancabamba, el Anturachi y Mayanpampa.
MORPHO-YIELD RESPONSE AND QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION OF BOTTLE GOURD (LAGENARIA SICERARIA) VARIETIES TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
Authors: Anwar Muhzzam , Wahid Rizwan , Wahocho Niaz Ahmed , Mugheri Ali Ahmed , Hussain Zahid , Dost Khuda , Ahmed Safeer , Kakar Kaleemullah , Jahanzaib  , Koondhar Naimatullah
Published: March 2024

The morpho-yield and quality traits of bottle gourd varieties were tested in response to nitrogen (N) nutrition during the year 2020 at the horticulture research area of Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. The study was performed by applying Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The two varieties Anmol and Long green were tested by applying six N rates that included (0 Kg N, (control), 50, 75 ,100, 125 and 150 Kg N ha-1). Both the varieties exhibited positive response to nitrogen fertilization. The maximum vine length, branches vine-1 were noted in plants, fertilized with increasing N rates (150 and 125 kg ha-1). In contrast shorter plants with less branches were noted when they were not fertilized with N nutrition.). The N nutrition also had a positive effect on fruit traits. The maximum fruit number with greater length and weight was recorded in plants supplied with increasing N fertilization. The N fertilization had beneficial influence on plant quality characteristics. The maximum pH, TSS, moisture and ash content in plants were observed, nourished with increasing N supply. The varietal comparison indicates that fruits of "Long green" had lower pH (5.88 vs. 6.0), higher in TSS (5.39 vs. 4.28%), moisture (67.74 vs. 55.52%), ash contents (19.96 vs. 19.01%), fruit yield (18178 vs. 17123 kg ha-1) than variety “Anmol”. In general, vines fertilized at 150 kg ha-1 N performed better than those fertilized at lower N levels for entire studied attributes, and "Long green" did better than "Anmol" among the evaluated varieties. The data clearly indicated severe soil N deficiency; and with each increment in applied N, the crop response was positive and significant (p<0.05). Hence, the farmers are suggested that “Long Green” bottle gourd variety may preferably be adapted with N at 150 kg ha-1 due to intense performance under agro-ecological conditions of Tandojam Sindh, Pakistan
Environmental changes in the Eastern Arctic during the Early Gelasian Age: Palynological Data from Lake El'gygytgyn
Authors:   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo, FEB RAS, Magadan, Lozhkin A. V. , Andreev A. A. ,   Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centrе for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany,   Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia, Anderson P. M. ,   University of Washington, Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Korzun Yu. A. ,   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo, FEB RAS, Magadan, Nedorubova E. Yu. ,   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo, FEB RAS, Magadan
Published: March 2024

The 2.373-2.510 Ma BP (isotopic stages 92-99; Early Gelasian Age) interval of the palynological record from Lake El'gygytgyn, northern Chukotka, includes 9 pollen zones characterizing interglacial, interstadial, and glacial plant communities. The boundaries of pollen zones and isotope stages in some cases do not correspond, indicating that the age model developed for the El'gygytgyn core requires revision. Between 2.373 and 2.510 Ma, the warmest climate occurred during MIS93, when larch forests, which included dark coniferous species, spread across the region. Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr., Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A. K. Skvortsov, and Populus suaveolens Fish. dominated the gallery forests of the river valleys. The development of grass-shrub tundra and larch forest-tundra is associated with periods of climatic cooling, with the coolest conditions occurring at the beginning of MIS97. The consistent presence of Larix pollen throughout the Early Gelasian indicates that even in harsher climatic conditions, larch forest-tundra persisted in the areas of the Anadyr Plateau and Lake El'gygytgyn.
К анализу флоры сосудистых растений Севера Дальнего Востока России
Authors:   Institute of Biological Problems of the North, FEB RAS, Magadan, Polezhaev A. N.
Published: March 2024

The analysis of the vascular flora list for the North of RussiaТs Far East, with regard to the species systematics, morphology, ecology, and distribution, was carried out in connection with the project of grid mapping of the flora and vegetation. Characteristics of phytochorological division floras are given in accordance with the scheme of the regional phytochorological division based on the generalized large-scale vegetation map.
Редкие виды мелких млекопитающих (Soricidae и Arvicolinae) долины Колымы в зоне влияния Усть-Среднеканской ГЭС (Магаданская область)
Authors:   Institute of Biological Problems of the North, FEB RAS, Magadan, Dubinin E. A.
Published: March 2024

The state of small mammal populations in the Ust-Srednekan hydroelectric power station-affected zone in the section of the Kolyma Valley between the mouths of the Debin and the Korkodon rivers was monitored in 2000-2022. It resulted in obtaning new data on rare species of shrews (g. Sorex) and voles (Arvicolinae) in the Kolyma Valley and made it possible to clarify their distribution, biotopic location, and relative abundance. An extremely uneven distribution and rarity of occurrence of the tundra and tiny shrews in the territory under consideration has been marked. Compared to the 1960s, there has been a tendency for S. isodon to move northward, and for S. tundrensis to decline in the same direction. The frequency of Northern Siberian vole registrations has increased.