bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tandem configuration of differential mobility and centrifugal particle mass analysers for investigating aerosol hygroscopic properties
Authors: Vlasenko Sergey S. , Su Hang , Pöschl Ulrich , Andreae Meinrat O. , Mikhailov Eugene F.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. A tandem arrangement of Differential Mobility Analyser and Humidified Centrifugal Particle Mass Analyser (DMA-HCPMA) was developed to measure the deliquescence and efflorescence thresholds and the water uptake of submicron particles over the relative humidity (RH) range from 10 to 95 %. The hygroscopic growth curves obtained for ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride test aerosols are consistent with thermodynamic model predictions and literature data. The DMA-HCPMA system was applied to measure the hygroscopic properties of urban aerosol particles, and the kappa mass interaction model (KIM) was used to characterize and parameterize the concentration-dependent water uptake observed in the 50–95 % RH range. For DMA-selected 160 nm dry particles (modal mass of 3.5 fg), we obtained a volume-based hygroscopicity parameter, κv ≈  0.2, which is consistent with literature data for freshly emitted urban aerosols.Overall, our results show that the DMA-HCPMA system can be used to measure size-resolved mass growth factors of atmospheric aerosol particles upon hydration and dehydration up to 95 % RH. Direct measurements of particle mass avoid the typical complications associated with the commonly used mobility-diameter-based HTDMA technique (mainly due to poorly defined or unknown morphology and density).
An electrospray chemical ionization source for real-time measurement of atmospheric organic and inorganic vapors
Authors: Zhao Yue , Chan Jeremy , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Riffell Jeff , Thornton Joel
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We present an electrospray ion source coupled to an orthogonal continuous-flow atmospheric pressure chemical ionization region. The source can generate intense and stable currents of several specific reagent ions using a range of salt solutions prepared in methanol, thereby providing both an alternative to more common radioactive ion sources and allowing for the generation of reagent ions that are not available in current chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) techniques, such as alkali metal cations. We couple the orthogonal electrospray chemical ionization (ESCI) source to a high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HRToF-MS), and assess instrument performance through calibrations using nitric acid (HNO3), formic acid (HCOOH), and isoprene epoxydiol (trans-β-IEPOX) gas standards, and through measurements of oxidized organic compounds formed from ozonolysis of α-pinene in a continuous-flow reaction chamber. When using iodide as the reagent ion, the HRToF-ESCIMS prototype has a sensitivity of 11, 2.4, and 10 cps pptv−1 per million cps of reagent ions and a detection limit (3σ, 5 s averaging) of 4.9, 12.5, and 1.4 pptv to HNO3, HCOOH, and IEPOX, respectively. These values are comparable to those obtained using an Iodide-adduct HRToF-CIMS with a radioactive ion source and low pressure ion-molecule reaction region. Applications to the α-pinene ozonolysis system demonstrates that HRToF-ESCIMS can generate multiple reagent ions (e.g, I−, NO3−, acetate, Li+, Na+, K+, and NH4+) having different selectivity to provide a comprehensive molecular description of a complex organic system.
Basin-scale water-balance dataset (BSWB): an update
Authors: Hirschi Martin , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This paper presents an update of a basin-scale diagnostic dataset of monthly variations in terrestrial water storage for large river basins worldwide (BSWB v2016, doi:10.5905/ethz-1007-82). Terrestrial water storage comprises all forms of water storage on land surfaces, and its seasonal and inter-annual variations are mostly determined by soil moisture, groundwater, snow cover, and surface water. The dataset presented is derived using a combined atmospheric and terrestrial water-balance approach with conventional streamflow measurements and reanalysis data of atmospheric moisture flux convergence. It extends a previous, existing version of the dataset (Mueller et al., 2011) temporally and spatially.
Synchrotron FTIR imaging of OH in quartz mylonites
Authors: Kronenberg Andreas K. , Hasnan Hasnor F. B. , Holyoke III Caleb W. , Law Richard D. , Liu Zhenxian , Thomas Jay B.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Methods of measuring OH absorption bands of fluid inclusions and hydrogen defects in deformed quartz rocks at high spatial resolution are described, using synchrotron infrared IR radiation coupled with a Fourier transform infrared FTIR microscope, and applied to imaging OH in mylonites of the Moine Thrust (from the Stack of Glencoul, NW Scotland Caledonides) and the Main Central Thrust (from the Himalayan front, Sutlej Valley, NW India). Previous measurements of water in deformed quartzites using conventional FTIR instruments, through apertures of 50–100 μm for specimens ~ 100 μm in thickness have shown that water contents of larger grains vary from one grain to another. However, the non-equilibrium variations in water content between neighboring grains and within quartz grains cannot be interrogated further without greater measurement resolution, nor can water contents be measured in finely recrystallized grains without including absorption bands due to fluid inclusions, films, and secondary minerals at grain boundaries. Synchrotron IR radiation is brighter and more collimated than offered by conventional FTIR globar light sources, and we have been able to distinguish and measure OH bands due to fluid inclusions, hydrogen point defects, and secondary hydrous mineral inclusions through an aperture of 10 μm for specimens > 40 μm thick. Doubly polished IR plates can be prepared with thicknesses down to 4–8 μm, but measurement of small OH bands is currently limited by strong interference fringes for samples
Internal structure of two alpine rock glaciers investigated by quasi-3-D electrical resistivity imaging
Authors: Emmert Adrian , Kneisel Christof
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Interactions between different formative processes are reflected in the internal structure of rock glaciers. Therefore, the detection of subsurface conditions can help to enhance our understanding of landform development. For an assessment of subsurface conditions, we present an analysis of the spatial variability of active layer thickness, ground ice content and frost table topography for two different rock glaciers in the Eastern Swiss Alps by means of quasi-3-D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). This approach enables an extensive mapping of subsurface structures and a spatial overlay between site-specific surface and subsurface characteristics. At Nair rock glacier, we discovered a gradual descent of the frost table in a downslope direction and a constant decrease of ice content which follows the observed surface topography. This is attributed to ice formation by refreezing meltwater from an embedded snow bank or from a subsurface ice patch which reshapes the permafrost layer. The heterogeneous ground ice distribution at Uertsch rock glacier indicates that multiple processes on different time domains were involved in the development. Resistivity values which represent frozen conditions vary within a wide range and indicate a successive formation which includes several advances, past glacial overrides and creep processes on the rock glacier surface. In combination with the observed topography, quasi-3-D ERI enables us to delimit areas of extensive and compressive flow in close proximity. Excellent data quality was provided by a good coupling of electrodes to the ground in the pebbly material of the investigated rock glaciers. Results show the value of the quasi-3-D ERI approach but advise the application of complementary geophysical methods for interpreting the results.
Lingüística en su mito, como paradigma e ideología
Authors: Laborda Gil Xavier
Published: March 2017

El artículo analiza las obras de Serge Latouche, Lingüística y economía política (1973), y Augusto Ponzio, Gramática transformacional e ideología política (1972). Son textos que relacionan de manera analógica la lingüística estructural y generativista con la economía y la ideología. El artículo interpreta estos escritos a la luz del giro lingüístico del siglo XX y la actitud estructuralista de las ciencias humanas y sociales. Este estudio utiliza el pensamiento del filólogo y poeta J. A Valente para comprender el papel de la lingüística como paradigma y mito cultural. En los textos de S. Latouche y A. Ponzio la lingüística es objeto de elogio y de crítica por sus limitaciones en el estudio del discurso.
Impact of a service learning experience on the intercultural sensitivity of nursing students
Authors: Thomas Catherine S. , Konieczny Leona
Published: March 2017

Service learning (SL) is an educational strategy to develop intercultural sensitivity. Nursing students benefit from the opportunity to care for persons from diverse cultures. Social awareness and making significant social contributions is part of professional nursing. Nursing students are educated to provide culturally sensitive, person-centered care incorporating the values of social justice, diversity, and global awareness. The SL experience was independent from a specific nursing course and exclusive from a designated clinical practicum. This descriptive quantitative study examines the impact of a SL experience in Appalachia on intercultural sensitivity. Intercultural sensitivity is in the affective domain of intercultural communication. Appalachia has distinct cultural differenences related to both geographical and socioeconomic factors. Intercultural sensitivity is in the affective dimension of intercultural communication competence. The Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS), developed by Chen & Starosta, was the instrument used for measurement. Study findings demonstrate an impact on interaction engagement and interaction attentiveness for study participants.
Creativity among Geomatical Engineering Students
Authors: Keh Lim Keng , Ismail Zaleha , Yusof Yudariah Mohammad
Published: March 2017

This research aims to find out the creativity among the geomatical engineering students. 96 geomatical engineering students participated in the research. They were divided into 24 groups of 4 students. Each group were asked to solve a real world problem collaboratively with their creative thinking. Their works were collected and then analysed as to compare their creativity based on their fluency, flexibility and originality. The results showed that the students were able to use their creativity and came out with many different methods to solve the problem. The results also showed that the components of creativity namely fluency, flexibility and originality can be used to assess the creativity among the groups of students.
Teacher Professionalism: Analysis of Professionalism Phases
Authors: Wardoyo Cipto , Herdiani Aulia , Sulikah Sulikah
Published: March 2017

Teacher professionalism has become a distinctive concern in educational discussions. Based on Teacher and Lecturer Act No.14 2005 carried out by Indonesian Government, teacher professionalism, considered as an assessment aspect of teacher quality, could be drawn by four competences, pedagogical competence, personal, competence, social competence, and professional competence. Hargreaves (2000) captured and fragmented the pattern of professionalism development through four phases. This study, a perception study, observed 100 teachers to draw the pattern of teacher professionalism, particularly in Tulungagung and Blitar District, East-Java, Indonesia based on Hargreaves professionalism phases. The results of this study identify that the likelihood phase of teacher professionalism in Indonesia is in collegial phase. Additionally, the criteria of professionalism enhancement reflect the professionalism development based on professionalism ages by Hargreaves (2000). Further, we observe the likelihood of professionalization become an influential factor of professionalism development. The results indicate that every phase captured the right pattern of professionalism development.
Minority Discount for Reduced Powers in Negotiations of Non-Listed Minority Holdings: Evidence from European Countries
Authors: Celli Massimiliano
Published: March 2017

This article aims at giving a contribution to the issue of valuating the minority discount for reduced powers in purchase/sale transactions of non-listed minority interests. Firstly, the meaning of minority discount for reduced powers will be investigated as well as its economic determinants, specifically pointing out that the economic rationale behind this type of minority discount lies in the impossibility for the minority purchaser to gain the prerogatives associated to a controlling position. Then the analysis will focus on the considered examination of the evaluation criteria of minority interests in businesses non-listed on official markets developed by main doctrine, at the same time singling out the salient and peculiar features thereof together with some comments and in-depth studies on the subject-matter. In this respect the main features of both direct and indirect valuation criteria will be analysed, specifically focusing on the second ones which measure the economic value of such minority interests by executing a discount percentage to the pro-rata value of the whole company’s economic capital (W). Finally the methods most often utilised by the European well-qualified professional praxis to measure the value of minority interests non-listed on regulated markets will be investigated. To this purpose, a number of official reports concerning purchase/sale transactions of minority interests in European non-listed companies will be examined. Finally, some conclusions on the topic at stake will be drawn.
The Awareness of Locals in Culture Tourism: The Sample of Sille/Konya
Authors: Ertas Sebnem , Sonmez Elif , Torun Alper , Kulak Torun Firdevs
Published: March 2017

One of the important aspects affecting the development of tourism is the perspective of locals and their reaction about the tourism. In the study, the opinions of locals were received about their perception for tourism and their participation trend to tourism activities in the settlement of Sille which is in an important culture tourism region connected to Konya. The data obtained by on-site survey method through 75 samples were analyzed .In consequence of the research; it is possible to say that Sille which is located in an important region of Turkey in terms of culture tourism has the suitable potential for alternative tourism and recreation with historical and cultural features of it and the economic effects of tourism are perceived in a more positive way by the locals.
Münchhausen revisited: de bewijsovereenkomst als instrument voor contractenmakers
Authors: Uijen M.
Published: March 2017

Münchhausen revisited: de bewijsovereenkomst als instrument voor contractenmakers

In deze bijdrage wordt beschreven hoe de bewijsovereenkomst kan worden gebruikt om boilerplate-clausules zodanig te verstevigen dat ze ook in de Nederlandse contractspraktijk het beoogde effect hebben. Na een korte inleiding over de toelaatbaarheid van bewijsovereenkomsten in het Nederlandse recht wordt specifiek ingegaan op het nut van bewijsafspraken voor een no oral modification clause, een non-waiver clause en een entire agreement clause. Daarbij wordt voor elk van deze drie veelgebruikte clausules een tekstsuggestie aangereikt. Verder wordt aan de hand van de jurisprudentie van de laatste tien jaar uitgelegd in welke situaties het waarschijnlijk geen zin heeft om zulke clausules uit te breiden met een bewijsregeling.
Exoneraties voor indirecte schade
Authors: Dousi J.W.A.
Published: March 2017

Exoneraties voor indirecte schade

Een veelgebruikte aansprakelijkheidsbeperking (exoneratie) is een uitsluiting voor zogenoemde ‘indirecte schade’. Deze term is afkomstig uit het Anglo-Amerikaanse recht. De auteur bespreekt deze Anglo-Amerikaanse achtergrond en betoogt dat deze achtergrond, afhankelijk van de omstandigheden van het geval, een gezichtspunt kan zijn bij de uitleg van dit begrip naar Nederlands recht en bovendien een bron van inspiratie voor contractspartijen wanneer zij bij het opstellen van het contract een definitie opnemen van de term ‘indirecte schade’. De auteur concludeert dat de Anglo-Amerikaanse betekenis goed is in te passen in het Nederlandse recht, omdat zij aansluit bij (en kan fungeren als een verdere verfijning van) het element voorzienbaarheid in de toerekeningstoets van artikel 6:98 BW.
Head and neck amyloidosis – report of two cases
Authors: Zagacki Dawid , Braun Marcin , Kubiak Marcin , Kaczmarczyk Dariusz
Published: March 2017

Amyloidosis in the head and neck area is a rare, benign condition that affects mainly the larynx. Two types of amyloidosis are described in the literature, i.e., systemic and localized, with the latter being more common in the head and neck area. We report two cases of localized amyloidosis in the region of the arytenoid cartilage and palatoglossal arch. Both patients were women and had a sensation of a foreign body on swallowing. They were treated successfully surgically, and the lesions did not recur.
O NASCIMENTO BIOLÓGICO DA CRIANÇA
Authors: Sigueira Arnaldo Augusto Franco de
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho trata da fisiologia do nascimento e da adaptação da criança à vida extra-uterina, assim como de suas repercussões no crescimento e no desenvolvimento posterior. São discutidos os agravos de maior risco de repercussão para o crescimento e principalmente para o desenvolvimento neuromotor e psicológiCO7 quais sejam: duração da gravidez; tamanho do feto e tipo de parto; assistência ao recém-nascido; hipóxia perinatal; icterícia do recém-nascido.Concluindo, enfatiza a improtancia de um “bom começo” a partir de condições facilitadoras e adequadas ao nascimento para que o processo vital da criança possa atingir toda sua potencialidade.
PSICOSSOMÁTICA NO COTIDIANO INFANTIL
Authors: Saltini Claudio João Paulo
Published: March 2017

Este artigo identifica as relações entre as doenças, 0 somático e 0 simbólica. Partindo do princípio de que o homem é um animal sirnbólico, são analisados os mecanismos que conduzem à formação desses simbolos, atividade do próprio eu tentando lidar com as ansiedades provocadas por sua relação com os objetos. Quando a simbolização não se processa, o desenvolvimento do ego pode ser extremamente prejudicada, gerando complicações ao nível do somático.Ao decifrarmos as complexas ligações entre o soma e o símbolo, conseguiríamos penetrar no inconsciente do ser humano, aliviando as energias responsáveis pelo mau somático. O resultado seria então a cura no campo psicossomático. Procuramos demonstrar que, em muitos casos, a palavra e a descoberta das causas que inibiram a estruturação dos simbolos podem, mesmo sem o apoio de uma terapêutica farmacológico, conduzir a resultados positivos.
A OFERTA DE ATENDIMENTO: ESTRUTURAS DE SAÚDE PARA A CRENÇA NO MEIO URBANO
Authors: Tessier Stéphane
Published: March 2017

As estruturas de saúde para as crianças não são organizadas de modo especifico em função do contexto urbano. O exame da literatura mostra que as estruturas modernas, tanto asrurais quanto as urbanas, articulam-se em torno de dois eixos: preventivos (centos de PMI, saúde escolar) e curativo (hospitais ou pediatras privados). Na realidade, a oferta de cuidadosde tipo informal, popular ou tradicional é muito mais complexa e o autor descreve as relações entre serviços de saúde e população sob a dupla perspectiva da utilização dos serviços modernos oferecidos e da descrição da procura aos recursos.
ESTUDO ANTROPOMÉTRICO DE INDIVÍDUOS APTOS PARA O SERVIÇO MILITAR NO PERÍODO DE 1979 A 1991
Authors: Marcondes Eduardo , Marques Rubens Murilo
Published: March 2017

Os autores estudam a altura e o peso de indivíduos com 18 anos considerados aptos para o Serviço Militar no periodo de 1979 a 1991. A análise foi intra-estado (com exceção de Roraima, Rondônia e Tocantins) e inter-estados. Todos os indivíduos eram oriundos de zona urbana e foram divididos quanto à escolaridade em quatro grupos: analfabetos, 1° grau completo ou não, 2° grau complelo ou não e universitários. A análise dos dados foi feita utilizando-se o pacote estatístico“Statgraphics - versão 2.6”.A mcnor altura média corresponde ao Estado do Maranhão (164,34 cm) e a maior altura correspondc ao Estado de São Paulo (170,26 cm). De 1978 a 1991 eleva-se a altura dos indivíduos estudados, exceto para os seguintes Estados: Espirito Santo, Ceará, Amazonas e Acre. A escolaridade influiu na altura dos indivíduos estudados.O menor peso corresponde ao Eskado do Piauí (56,52 kg) e o maior peso corresponde ao Estado de São Paulo (62,92 kg). De 1978 a 1991 eleva-se o peso dos indivíduos estudados. A escolaridade influi no peso dos indivíduos estudados.
A FAMÍLIA ESCRAVA BRASIEIRA NO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Neves Maria De Fátima Rodriguus das
Published: March 2017

A partir de considerações sobre a fam~ia e^$crava brasileira no século X1X, a autora analisa alguns aspectos importantes para sua compreensão. São discutidos elementos favoráveis e contrários à formação da família escrava, bem como as caracteristicas formais e informais de sua constituição. Concluindo, a autora apresenta a constituição do matrimônio e a organização de famílias estáveis como forma de resistência à instituição escravista.
PROGRAMAS DE ATENÇÃO ÀS CRIANÇAS E AOS ADOLESCENTES EM SITUAÇAO DE RUA: PERCEPÇÕES DE SEUS COORDENADORES
Authors: Medeiros Marcelo , Ferriani Maria Das Graças Carvalho
Published: March 2017

O propósito deste estudo é conhecer e compreender as percepções dos atares sociais que planejarn e/ou coordenam programas assistenciais para crianças e adolescentes que vivem em situação de rua em uma cidade do interior paulista. Como objetivo buscamos: identificar os programas desenvolvidos na cidade com crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua; conhecer a compreensão dos coordenadores/ atares sociais sobre estas crianças e adolescentes, identificar o significado que estes atares sociais atribuíam aos programas desenvolvidos. Orientamos o desenvolvimento do estudoatravés de um referencial teórico-metodológico qualitativo, que pretendeu compreender o tema de modo particular, sem generalizá-lo. O material para análise foi coletado através da observação livre, entrevista semi-estruturada e documentos oficiais. Os dados oriundos deste processo foram analisados à luz da proposta da hermenêutica-dialética elaborada por MINAYO (1993). A análise realizada permitiu-nos conhecer alguns aspectos sobre a compreensão dos atares sociais a respeito das crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua bem como o que significavam para eles os programas assistenciais desenvolvidos para este grupo em Ribeirão Preto (SP).
SORRISO: UM INDICADOR DE FELICIDADE
Authors: Gomide Paula Inez Cunha
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho visou analisar os efeitos da institucionalizacão OU da vida familiar no sorriso de crianças e adolescentes. O homem passeai ~itll repertório universal de movimentosexpressivos clive permite a comunicação a despeito de barreiras culturais e lin^ouisticas. Pesquisadores de expressão facial verificaram que o sorriso é urna poderosa fonte de recompensas interpessoais e está ligado ao estado emocional de alegria. Os ort‘anatos, as favelas e os ambientesfamiliares variam em graus de sorrisos dispensados e correspondidos. Dois e~;perimentos foram realizados para investigação da hipótese acima. O experimento I registrou sorrisos em criancas de ambos os sexos. com idade variando entre 5 e 10 anos. provenientes de um orfanato, de uma favela e de um bairro de classe média. O experimento 11 observou adolescentes de 14 a 21 anos, sexo masculino, oriundos de um internato para adolescentes infratores; de rim semiinternato para adolescentes infratores e de uma instituição educacional de À grau. Os sujeitos eram observados em situação de brincadeira. Verificou-se, claramente, que as crianças e os adolescentes insti^htcionalizados sorriam significativamente menos que aquelas que estavam emliberdade, mesmo que em condições económicas mais precárias, como as da favela. Esta pesquisa indica que as instituições que isolam as crianças e adolescentes de suas famílias prejudicam fortemente o seu desenvolvimento afetivo e sua felicidade.
CIDADE E SAUDE: A ORGANIZAÇAO DO TEMPO E DO ESPAÇO NO ORIENTE E NO OCIDENTE
Authors: Goubert Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2017

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REPRESENTAÇÕES DE SAÚDE-DOENÇA DE UM GRUPO DE MULHERES RESIDENTES EM BAIRROS DA PERIFERIA DE BELO HORIZONTE (1994-1996)
Authors: Andrade Clara J. Marques , Paixão Helena , Modena Celina , Torres Antonio Maria Claret
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa de campo, qualitativa, realizada nos bairros Solimões e Conjunto Jardim Felicidade, na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, com o objetivo de identificar as representações do processo saúde-doença de um grupo de mulheres residentes nos mesmos. Para sua execução optou-se por realizar a observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturades e análise de conteúdo das entrevistas, segundo metodologia proposta porBARDIN, 1977), TRIVIÑOS 1987) e MINAYO (1993). As entrevistas foram realizadas no período de novembro de 1994 à julho de 1995 com trinta mulheres com idades entre 18 e 40 anos, todas com filhos de 0 a 5 anos. As entrevistas tiveram uma duração média de 60 minutos. Através da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas chegou-se às categorias de representação do processo saúde-doença. A doença é representada como incapacidade funcional e utilitária do corpo. A saúde, além de ser representada como o oposto da doença, ou seja, a capacidade funcional e utilitária do corpo, possui ainda outras representações, tais como: um modo de vida saudável, assistência médica de qualidade e, ainda, equilíbrio e harmonia nas relações com a natureza, com Deus. Este estudo evidencia que estas representações estão estreitamente relacionadas com as alternativas terapêuticas utilizadas pelos moradores. Tais alternativas, representadas por medicina científica, medicina caseira, automedicação, benzeção, curandeirismo e cura religiosa são buscadas de acordo com as concepções do processo saúde-doença.
Editorial
Authors: Lefèvre Fernando
Published: March 2017

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PROGRAMAS TELEVISIVOS: RELATO DE PRE ESCOLARES
Authors: Gosso Yumi , Magalhães Celina Maria Colino , Pontes Fernando Augusto Ramos
Published: March 2017

Há evidências de efeitos negativos da programação televisiva com cenas de violência no comportamento das crianças, sendo importante portanto, verificar o que elas estão relendodos programas que assistem. Assim, investigou-se o ponto de vista do telespectador infantil sobre os programas televisivos. Para isso, utilizou-se um questionário e realizou-se entrevistasindividuais a 350 crianças com idade entre cinco e seis anos das classes sócio-econômica baixa (160) e classe média (190). Os resultados indicaram que os episódios agressivos estão entre os preferidos das crianças de ambos os sexos e grupos sociais e observou-se também que as crianças de classe baixa têm dificuldade de fazer relatos verbais. Este panorama demonstra que há necessidade de monitoramento dos adultos em relação à programação assistida pelas crianças eque talvez a metodologia utilizada possa ter favorecido as crianças de classe média em detrimento das de classe baixa.
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Authors: Lefèvre Fernando
Published: March 2017

Aborda-se aqui alguns aspectos referentes à concepção de Educação e de Vida e Saúde presentes no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. No que se refere à Educação, são discutidas as formas e o conteúdo do processo da instrução que o Estatuto deseja expandir para o conjunto da população de crianças e adolescentes do país. E discutida a questão de saber se a forma escolar é a única possível no final do século XX e numpaís com as características do Brasil. A respeito de Vida e Saúde discute-se algumas idéias sobre o sentido da “Vida” e a sua relação com o sentido da “Saúde”; são levantadas as conseqüências do propósito, que se acredita estar implícito no capítulo I do título II do Estatuto, qual seja o de resgatar, ao mesmo tempo, o direito à sobrevivência de todas as crianc,as e todos os adolescentes brasileiros (direito à vida) e o seudireito a uma vida digna (direito à saúde).
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Authors: Graciani Maria Stela Santos
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho busca interpretar, a partir da observação participante, a vivência dos grupos de meninos(as) na rua e de rua, sem esquecer de suas relações com o contexto cultural no qual vivem e sobrevivem. A autora define algumas categorias básicas de analise, enfocando o “social” onde vivem essesmeninos, a representação que estes fazem do mesmo, a linguagem criada e recriada por eles e a identidade que 6 construída a partir da experiência na rua.
Authors: Lefèvre Fernando
Published: March 2017

Discute-se no presente trabalho a necessidade de se considerar, no exame da matériae na prática da defesa dos direitos da criança e do adolescente presentes no ECA, adistinção entre as idéias de Violação de Direitos e de Violência.É necessário nesse sentido que se entenda que a “Violência” está contida no conjuntomaior “Violação”, na qualidade de epifenômeno.Além disso, a natural publicidade associada aos falos violentos ocorridos com criançase adolescentes pode dar margem, dada a grande carga emotiva neles contidos, a que sedesconsidere os condicionantes estruturais geradores da própria violência, que estão presentesnas violações de direitos.Como proposta considera-se necessário que se tenha como horizonte estratégico aidéia de que “todos os seres humanos situados na faixa de zero a dezoito anos merecemigualmente o titulo de crianças e adolescentes” e que, da mesma forma que a Violência, aViolacão deva ser considerada pela cultura brasileira como um “fato moralmente constrangedor”.
Authors: Lei Doris Lúcia Martini , Szarfarc Sophia Cornbluth
Published: March 2017

Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal com 634 crianças, de 6 a 71 meses de idade, que participarampor um ano consecutivo do Programa de Atendimento Integral ao Desnutrido, em Diadema/São Paulo. Osdesnutridos e seus irmãos de até 7 anos de idade tinham acompanhamento médico periódico, com controleantropométrico, ações educativas, imunização e suplementação alimentar. A evolução do estado nutricional,feita através dos indicadores peso para idade, peso para altura e altura para idade (padrão NCHS/OMS)e das classificações propostas por GÓMEZ e WATERLOW, foi avaliada de acordo com o tempo de permanênciano programa seis meses e um ano. Constatouse que os benefícios foram mais efetivos quanto maisprecárias as condições nutricionais da criança e quanto menor a sua idade. Os resultados foram mais evidentesquanto maior o tempo de participação. Verificou-se uma melhora de crianças “STUNTED” em tornode 13% e 30%, respectivamente em seis meses e um ano de programa.
Isolated Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Orbit : A Case Report
Authors: Bhattacharya Debanshu , Rambhatla Saptagirish
Published: March 2017

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are expansile, multicystic, nonneoplastic lesions of bone, most commonly affecting vertebral column and long bones. It is rare in orbit. A young lady presented to us with pain and swelling over the left side of face and left lower lid since 3 days. Based on clinical findings of a tender, tense, cystic lesion in inferior temporal anterior orbit, causing upward displacement of globe and having overlying indurated skin, a provisional diagnosis of orbital abscess was made. CT and MRI imaging and intraoperative findings proved it to be an isolated aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Curettage, cryotherapy and radiotherapy have been tried with good response.
Exploring the Universe within the Human Lens Through Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Malik Praveen K , Dewan Taru , Nishad Ayasha , Gupta Pulkit
Published: March 2017

Ever since the emergence of refined modalities of cataract surgery, the looming question has been the same - How to improve the technique, to minimize manipulation of biological components and optimize the end result? The most recent development has been, combining ultrasound energy with femtolaser. The previous studies have shown attempts to improve surgical outcome by using lesser phacoemulsification power, using incremental ultrasound power, calibrated phaco-tip and sensor-enabled phaco. However none have focused on the biomechanical properties and resonant frequency of the human lens. A review of Quantum physics informs us that all matter has a wavelength and a frequency of its own. Massive oscillatory motions are imparted with resonant frequency. Once the resonant frequency is achieved, it is possible to liquify solids non- thermally. Through our research, we discovered the innumerable possibilities and applications of the Raman Spectroscopy method. Raman Spectroscopy is a non-invasive, qualitative and quantitative optical technique for determining the molecular composition of matter. It is an inelastic scattering technique that can be used to probe the vibrational energy levels of a molecule within a sample and has been used extensively in biology and biochemistry to study the structure and dynamic function of important molecules. New lens fibers are formed throughout life and the human crystalline lens is a closed system i.e. there is no shedding. In the absence of metabolic activity in the organelle free zone, there is no turnover of crystallins. Thus, the lens fiber proteins are as old as the individual, and are subject to ageing factors which eventually lead to cataract formation. In our study, we propose to employ Raman spectroscopy for studying the molecular composition of cataractous lens and compare it with that of normal (non-cataractous) eye lens. During cataractogenesis, certain changes are accompanied or induced by conformational vents and aggregation of crystallins and disturbance of the short range order of crystallins. In-Vitro Raman experiments show multiple aspects worthy of further investigation. This non invasive method with high sensitivity, typically at the molecular level, may be advantageous for the development of a new diagnostic tools to monitor and control the cataract status.
Rhinologist’s Endoscopic Experience of Lower Lacrimal System Pathologies in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Gupta Nishi
Published: March 2017

Cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct block with unsuccessful blind probing were taken up for a repeat probing under endoscopic assistance. Membranes with a wide variation in thickness were found blocking the lower end of nasolacrimal duct. These cases were reported as having bony block on previous blind probing and could be successfully treated with endoscopic assisted probing.
Annulative π‐Extension (APEX): Rapid Access to Fused Arenes, Heteroarenes, and Nanographenes
Authors: Ito Hideto , Ozaki Kyohei , Itami Kenichiro
Published: March 2017

The annulative π‐extension (APEX) reaction has the potential to have a tremendous impact on the fields of materials science and bioimaging, as well as on the pharmaceutical/agrochemical industries, since it allows access to fused aromatic systems from relatively simple aromatic compounds in a single step. Typically, an APEX reaction facilitates a one‐pot π‐extension without the need to prefunctionalize the aromatic compounds. This advantageous feature is extremely useful for tuning and modifying molecular properties in the last step of a synthesis. In this Review, the progress and applications of APEX reactions of unfunctionalized arenes and heteroarenes are described.
Multipath routing algorithm for application‐specific wormhole NoCs
Authors: ZhuanSun Zongliang , Li Keqiu , Chen Guolong
Published: March 2017

Adaptive routing designing for network‐on‐chip architecture is complicated to guarantee deadlock‐free. In this paper, we present methodology to design efficient multi‐path routing algorithms for specific application wormhole network‐on‐chip system to guarantee deadlock‐free. The methodology presents an analytical model for overall average delay of wormhole network‐on‐chip by queueing theory and uses a linear programming–based methodology to minimize overall average delay. The methodology guarantees deadlock freedom by efficient branch‐and‐bound algorithm. Compared to other adaptive deadlock‐free algorithms, results obtained through simulation show that the algorithms can potentially achieve better throughput and latency.
A quantum‐inspired binary gravitational search algorithm–based job‐scheduling model for mobile computational grid
Authors: Singh Krishan Veer , Raza Zahid
Published: March 2017

Owing to the advancements in low‐power consumption processors and high‐power storage in a small‐sized battery, the cost of handheld mobile devices, eg, mobiles, tabs, or personal digital assistants, have reduced to a great extent. This has enabled people to have at least 1 smartphone in general with this number increasing exponentially. However, the increasing use of these mobile devices results in an equal increase in the underused processing capacity of these devices too. This encourages the research aiming to use this processing power by forming a mobile computational grid. Because of the inherent limitations of bandwidth, battery, and computational power, job scheduling on these devices demands an efficient scheduling approach to harness the true potential of the grid. The problem becomes even more challenging considering the dynamic nature of these mobile devices. Job scheduling being nondeterministic polynomial time–complete allows the use of evolutionary approaches by exploring and exploiting the search space efficiently. The exploration gets boosted even more with the use of quantum‐computing concepts. This work proposes a quantum‐inspired Newtonian approach of attraction based on gravitational search algorithm for scheduling the jobs on mobile computational grid. Simulation study has been performed to evaluate the performance of the model over various dimensions. A comparative study has been performed with quantum‐genetic algorithm. Simulation result establishes the effectiveness of model under various test conditions.
User biometric information‐based secure method for smart devices
Authors: Su Xin , Wang Bingying , Zhang Xuewu , Wang Yupeng , Choi Dongmin
Published: March 2017

Secure mechanisms have been adapted to satisfy the needs of mobile subscribers; however, the mobile environment is quite different from a desktop PC or laptop‐based environment. The existing attack patterns in mobile environments are also quite different, and the countermeasures applied should be enhanced. In regards to usability, the mobile environment is based on mobility, and thus, mobile devices are designed and developed to enhance the owner's efficiency. To avoid forgetting passwords, people are willing to adopt simple alphanumeric‐character combinations, which are easy to remember and convenient to enter. As a result, the passwords have a high probability of being cracked or exposed. In this paper, we study the potential security problems caused by simple and weak passwords, discuss drawbacks of some conventional works, and propose 3 creative schemes to increase the complexity and strength of passwords by applying the envisioned features. Note that our proposals are based on the assumption that the textual passwords are not difficult for users to remember or enter and do not cause inconvenience to users. In other words, the proposed methods can increase the complexity of simple passwords without the awareness of users.
Getting to the root of fireworms' stinging chaetae—chaetal arrangement and ultrastructure of Eurythoe complanata (Pallas, 1766) (Amphinomida)
Authors: Tilic Ekin , Pauli Benedikt , Bartolomaeus Thomas
Published: March 2017

Amphinomid species are since long known to cause urtication upon contact with the human skin. Since it has been reported that amphinomid chaetae are hollow, it has repeatedly been suggested that poison is injected upon epidermal contact. To test predictions for the structural correlate of such a stinging device we studied the structure and formation of chaetae in the fireworm Eurythoe complanata (Amphinomida). Neither the structure of the chaetae nor their formation and their position within the parapodium provide evidence for their function as hollow needles to inject poison. The chaetae even turned out to be not hollow, but containing calcareous depositions. The latter most likely cause artificial ruptures of delicate chitin lamellae in the inner of the chaeta when treated with acidic fixatives. Inorganic calcium compounds harden the chaetae and make them brittle so that they break easily. Additional information on the structure of the chaetal sac, the site of formation and the acicula do not contradict the position of the Amphinomida within Annelida as revealed by phylogenomic studies.
Fruit quality of seedless watermelon grafted onto squash rootstocks under different production systems
Authors: Liu Qianru , Zhao Xin , Brecht Jeffrey K , Sims Charles A , Sanchez Tatiana , Dufault Nicholas S
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

The market demand for seedless watermelon has been continuously increasing because of consumer preference. Grafting is a useful tool to manage soilborne diseases in watermelon production, but the use of squash rootstocks may negatively affect watermelon fruit quality. Currently, most research has focused on seeded cultivars, while grafting effects on seedless watermelons remain largely unknown. This multi‐season study was conducted to assess the effects of squash rootstocks, including both Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata and C. moschata cultivars, with intact or excised and regenerated roots, on fruit quality of seedless watermelon ‘Melody’ using both instrumental and sensory measurements under different production scenarios. The grafted watermelon plants were also challenged by field inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum.

RESULTS

A combination of instrumental measurements and consumer sensory analyses suggested that fruit quality of the seedless watermelon ‘Melody’ was not impacted by the use of the squash rootstocks used in this study, which included soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH and most fruit sensory properties. Watermelon flesh firmness was increased by grafting but the grafting effect on lycopene content was inconclusive. Root excision and regeneration did not influence the grafting effect, whereas the grafting effect on flesh firmness varied among the rootstocks under Fusarium inoculation.

CONCLUSION

Overall, grafting with squash rootstocks did not reduce fruit quality attributes of ‘Melody’ but improved texture. Our results support incorporating grafting into integrated management programs for seedless watermelon production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Polymeric micro‐sequential concentric transcrystalline morphology self‐assembly, with intermittent self‐shear‐oriented amorphous layers
Authors: Stern Theodor
Published: March 2017

The investigation and understanding of polymer crystallization processes, the resulting crystalline morphologies, and the mechanism of their formation is crucial in creating materials with desired properties for specific applications.

The present research introduces and investigates a new polymeric crystalline morphology, observed for the first time in this research.

This newly observed morphology, is a sequentially micro‐multi‐layered concentric morphology that self‐assembles throughout the bulk polymer matrix, with intermittent self‐shear‐oriented amorphous layers. The research analyses the structure and mechanism of its formation.

Polarized light microscopy studies have shown a drastic and sudden morphology change that occurred during crystalline growth. Crystalline‐growth kinetics studies performed, showed a distinct pulsatile repeating growth pattern of approximately two growth pulses per second. Thermal analysis indicated the presence of two different populations of crystalline strength. Crystalline structure was analyzed by XRD pattern measurements. It was demonstrated here, that the sequential concentric transcrystalline morphology is nucleated on a shear‐oriented amorphous molecular layer in the adjacent melt formed during and as a consequence of crystalline growth, which occurs in a micro‐periodic sequences, with intermittent self‐sheared amorphous layers. The structure was confirmed by both scanning electron microscope and reflectance microscopy. Small angle X‐ray scattering measurements of the same materials reported in literature are consistent with the melt shear‐orientation theory described earlier.

The discovery of this new crystalline morphology in this research, potentially opens a new door in the vast field of material properties and applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repair of Torn Avascular Meniscal Cartilage Using Undifferentiated Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From In Vitro Optimization to a First-in-Human Study
Authors: Whitehouse Michael R. , Howells Nicholas R. , Parry Michael C. , Austin Eric , Kafienah Wael , Brady Kyla , Goodship Allen E. , Eldridge Jonathan D. , Blom Ashley W. , Hollander Anthony P.
Published: March 2017

Meniscal cartilage tears are common and predispose to osteoarthritis (OA). Most occur in the avascular portion of the meniscus where current repair techniques usually fail. We described previously the use of undifferentiated autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded onto a collagen scaffold (MSC/collagen-scaffold) to integrate meniscal tissues in vitro. Our objective was to translate this method into a cell therapy for patients with torn meniscus, with the long-term goal of delaying or preventing the onset of OA. After in vitro optimization, we tested an ovine-MSC/collagen-scaffold in a sheep meniscal cartilage tear model with promising results after 13 weeks, although repair was not sustained over 6 months. We then conducted a single center, prospective, open-label first-in-human safety study of patients with an avascular meniscal tear. Autologous MSCs were isolated from an iliac crest bone marrow biopsy, expanded and seeded into the collagen scaffold. The resulting human-MSC/collagen-scaffold implant was placed into the meniscal tear prior to repair with vertical mattress sutures and the patients were followed for 2 years. Five patients were treated and there was significant clinical improvement on repeated measures analysis. Three were asymptomatic at 24 months with no magnetic resonance imaging evidence of recurrent tear and clinical improvement in knee function scores. Two required subsequent meniscectomy due to retear or nonhealing of the meniscal tear at approximately 15 months after implantation. No other adverse events occurred. We conclude that undifferentiated MSCs could provide a safe way to augment avascular meniscal repair in some patients. Registration: EU Clinical Trials Register, 2010-024162-22.