bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Spatial Modelling of Early Childhood Development in Australian Regions
Authors: Li Mu , Baffour Bernard , Richardson Alice
Published: June 2020

Background Children’s early development plays a vital role for maintaining healthy lives and influences future outcomes. It is also heavily affected by community factors which vary geographically. Direct methods do not provide a comprehensive picture of this variation, especially for areas with sparse populations and low data coverage. In the context of Australia, the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) provides a measure of early child development upon school entry. There are two primary aims of this study: (i) provide improved prevalence estimates of children who are considered as developmentally vulnerable in regions across Australia; (ii) ascertain how social-economic disadvantage partly explains the spatial variation. Methods The study included 308,953 children involved in the AEDC 2018 where 21.7% of them were considered to be developmentally vulnerable in at least one domain. We used Bayesian spatial hierarchical models with the Socio-economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) as a covariate for to provide improved prevalence estimates of all 335 SA3 regions in Australia. Results Our results reveal that there is an important geographical dimension to developmental vulnerability in Australia. In addition, there are significant improvements in estimation of the prevalence of developmental vulnerability through incorporating the socio-economic disadvantage in an area. These improvements persist in all five domains – the largest improvements occurred in the Language and Cognitive Skills domain, Conclusion There are a number of sparsely populated areas where direct estimation leads to unreliable estimates of the relatively small prevalence of child vulnerability. Bayesian spatial modelling can account for the spatial patterns in childhood vulnerability while including the impact of socio-economic disadvantage on geographic variation. Further investigation, using a broader range of covariates, could shed more light on explaining this spatial variation.
Geospatial analysis of exposure to violent crime during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from São Paulo’s Western Region Birth Cohort
Authors: Santos Angelica Carreira dos , Brentani Alexandra , Fink Günther
Published: June 2020

Background Low birth weight and prematurity remain leading causes of infant mortality and morbidity globally. Although an extensive literature has highlighted the importance of socioenvironmental characteristics for birth outcomes, the role of indirect violence on health remains fairly understudied. Methods Using geocoded birth records from the ongoing Western Region Birth Cohort ( Região Oeste Coorte – ROC-Cohort) of infants born between 2012-2014 and geocoded crime reports, we assessed the associations between exposure to violent crimes during pregnancy within a 1-km radius of mother’s residence and low birth weight, preterm delivery, and being born small-for-gestational-age. Violent crime exposure was categorized into quintiles. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between violence exposure and birth outcomes. Models were adjusted for sex, maternal age and education, socioeconomic status, and risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and drinking during pregnancy. ResultsAmong the 5,268 infants included, the average crime exposure during the first two trimesters of pregnancy ranged from 0.44 violent crimes in the least exposed quintile to 12.74 crimes in the most exposed. Compared to children with the lowest violence exposure, children in the highest exposure quintile were at higher odds of being born small-for-gestational-age (1.41[1.06-1.89]), preterm (1.35[1.01-1.80]), and low birth weight (1.42[1.03-1.98]). While socioeconomic status and maternal education were positively associated with lower violence exposure, no associations were found between these characteristics and the birth outcomes. Conclusions Higher exposure to external violent crimes in the close vicinity are associated with substantial increases in the odds of adverse birth outcomes. Policies to improve neighborhood safety can contribute not only to the short-term well-being of populations but may also have large social, economic, and health benefits in the long run.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Anthrax in Northern Ethiopia: a mixed approach study
Authors: Romha Gebremedhin , Girmay Weldemelak
Published: June 2020

Background: Anthrax is prioritized as the second diseases in Ethiopia based on its negative impacts at the household level by causing disease or production losses in livestock and sever disease in human. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) of anthrax in the communities of Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was concurrently conducted with focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) from May 2019 to April 2020. A total of 862 respondents have participated in the questionnaire survey. Of which, 800 were local community members. While 62 were professionals working at animal and human health service institutions. Likewise, qualitative data were collected using six FGDs and 11 KIIs. Results: sixty two percent (496/800) of the respondents said that they knew the disease anthrax while 38% (304/800) of them did not it. Only 9.3% (74/800) of the respondents reported germ as the causative agent of anthrax. About 56.5% (35/62) of the professional respondents said that the causative agent of the disease was bacteria while 33.9% (21/62) of them did not know it. More than sixty percent (64.1%, 513/800) of the respondents did not know whether the disease was zoonotic or not. Among the listed clinical signs, 26.3% (210/800) and 36.8% (294/800) of the respondents knew at least one signs in animal and human, respectively while 21.3% (170/800) and 20.1% (161/800) knew one or more transmission routes in animal and human respectively. Moreover, 43.4% (347/800) and 45.6% (365/800) of the respondents mentioned one or more control/prevention method in animal and human, respectively. Regarding qualitative results, some of the participants knew the disease (in animals) in their own local names, Lalish and Tafia (splenomegaly), and Gulbus (abdominal cramp and shivering). Some had perceived the disease only as human disease while others recognized after they were told its clinical signs in animals and humans. Conclusion: The KAP of the participants towards anthrax was low. There was no similar understanding of the disease among the participants. The study also revealed that the participants did not get consistent, adequate and continuous health messages regarding the disease.
A Firefly Algorithm Based Hybrid Method for Structural Topology Optimization
Authors: Gebremedhen Hailu Shimels , Woldemichael Dereje Engida , Hashim Fakhruldin Mohd
Published: June 2020

In this paper a firefly algorithm based hybrid algorithm through retaining global convergence of firefly algorithm and ability of generating connected topologies of optimality criteria (OC) method is proposed as an alternative method to solve stress-based topology optimization problems. Lower and upper limit of design variables (0 and 1) were used to find initial material distribution to initialize firefly algorithm based section of the hybrid algorithm. Input parameters, number of fireflies and number function evaluations were determined before implementation of firefly algorithm to solve formulated problems. Since direct application of firefly algorithm cannot generate connected topologies, outputs from firefly algorithm were used as an initial input material distribution for OC method. The proposed method was validated using two-dimensional benchmark problems and the results were compared with results using OC method. Weight percentage reduction, maximum stress induced, optimal material distribution and compliance were used to compare results. Results from the proposed method showed that the proposed method can generate connected topologies and generated topologies are free from interference of end users, which only dependence on boundary conditions or the design variables. From the results, the objective function (weight of the design domain) can be further reduced in the range of 5% to 15% compared to OC method.
A systematic review of vertical transmission and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among infants born to mothers with COVID-19
Authors: Bwire* George M. , Njiro Belinda J. , Mwakawanga Dorkasi L. , Sabas Deodatus , Sunguya Bruno F.
Published: June 2020

Amidst the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, evidence on vertical transmission and natural passive immunity among the newborns exposed to COVID-19 is scanty and varies. This pose a challenge on preventive interventions for the newborns. We conducted a systematic review to first, determine the likelihood of vertical transmission among COVID-19 exposed infants and second, determine whether antibodies against Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/ COVID-19 virus exist among COVID-19 vertically exposed but negative infants. This review registered in PROSPERO searched evidence from PubMed/ MEDLINE and Google Scholar, among others. About 517 studies were retrieved, where only 33 articles (5.8%) qualified for final analysis. A total of 205 infants born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers were pooled from 33 eligible studies. Overall, 6.3% (13/205; 95%CI: 3.0%-9.7%) of the infants tested positive for COVID-19 virus at birth. Of 33 eligible studies, 6 studies (18.8%) reported about IgG/IgM against SARS-CoV-2. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM were detected in 90% (10/11; 95%CI: 73.9%-107.9%) of infants who had no COVID-19 but vertically exposed. In conclusion, the current evidence revealed a low possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 while antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in most of the infants who had no COVID-19. Further studies on perinatal outcomes and the magnitude of natural passive immunity in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 are warranted.
Covid-19 in the second half of pregnancy: prevalence and clinical relevance
Authors: RUGGIERO Marta , SOMIGLIANA Edgardo , TASSIS Beatrice , PIANI Letizia LI , RENTERIA Sara UCEDA , BARBARA Giussy , LUNGHI Giovanna , FERRAZZI Enrico
Published: June 2020

Evidence on the prevalence and outcome of Covid-19 in pregnancy is yet inconclusive. To draw more information on this issue, we prospectively recruited 315 consecutive women delivering in a referral hospital located in Lombardy, Italy and evaluated the proportion of women who had Covid-19 in pregnancy. All recruited subjects underwent a nasopharyngeal swab to assess the presence of Sars-Cov-2 using Real-time PCR. In addition, two different type of antibodies for the virus were evaluated in peripheral blood, those against the spike proteins S1 and S2 of the envelope and those against the nucleoprotein of the nucleocapsid. Women were considered to have had Covid-19 in pregnancy if at least one of the assessment was positive. Overall, 28 women had a diagnosis of Covid-19 in pregnancy (8.9%, 95%CI: 6.2-12.5%), in line with the local general population. Women diagnosed with the infection were more likely to report one or more episodes of symptoms suggestive for Covid-19 (n=11, 39.3%) compared to unaffected women (n=39, 13.6%). The corresponding OR was 4.11 (95%CI: 1.79-9.44). Symptoms significantly associated with Covid-19 in pregnancy included fever, cough, dyspnea and anosmia. Only one woman necessitated intensive care. No maternal deaths occurred. Pregnancy outcome in women with and without Covid-19 did not also differ. In conclusion, women in the second half of pregnancy do not appear to be more susceptible to Covid-19 and its complications. In addition, the study suggests that pregnancy outcome may not be significantly affected.
O PROCESSO DE BUSCA DE INVESTIMENTO POR PARTE DE UMA STARTUP VOLTADA A INTEGRAÇÃO DE SAÚDE E TI.
Authors: Maso Nassar Leonardo , ALLANO KRUBNIKI FERRAZ RAULO , Silveira Porto Geciane
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: descrever o processo de obtenção de investimento anjo por uma startup do segmento da saúde por meio de um relato de experiência, de forma a discutir os avanços e retrocessos ao longo de todo o processo.

Metodologia: foi realizado de relato de experiência da vivência dos autores como diretores de uma startup durante o período de obtenção de investimentos anjo.

Fundamentação teórica: investidores anjo são indivíduos de alto patrimônio líquido que investem seu próprio dinheiro, tempo e experiência diretamente em empreendimentos jovens, na esperança de obter ganhos financeiros. Após a família e os amigos, o investimento de anjo é a maior fonte de financiamento de capital externo na fase de inicialização e crescimento inicial das startups.

Conclusão: a organização estudada buscou escolher perfis de investidores que fossem compatíveis com as necessidades momentâneas da organização. Em todos os investimentos, o fundador buscou obter capital inteligente para o negócio e aumentar a credibilidade da empresa para financiamentos futuros.
Genetic diversity of African’s rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) accessions cultivated under iron toxicity
Authors: Mayaba Tawelsi , Sawadogo Nerbéwendé , Ouédraogo Mahamadi Hamed , Sawadogo Boureima , Aziadekey Mawulé , Sié Moussa , Sawadogo Mahamadou
Published: June 2020

Iron toxicity stress is one of the most important constraints to rice production in Togo. Although several methods were explored to control this stress, the best one is still the genetic control through the use of tolerant or resistant varieties. Our hypothesis is that African’s rice, Oryza glaberrima, accessions contain sources of tolerance or resistance to the iron toxicity stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the level and the structure of the African’s rice, Oryza glaberrima, genetic diversity and to identify tolerant genotypes. Two hundred and four (204) accessions obtain from Africa Rice genebank and eight control varieties were evaluated under iron toxicity conditions using alpha lattice design with three replications. There was significant variability among accessions for height of mature plants and weight of 1000 seeds. The coefficient of variation values ranged from 10.56% for the 50% flowering to 77.47% for the sterility rate. The principal component analysis (PCA) with all the measured characteristics revealed that the first four axes accounted for 59.93% of the total variability. The coordinates of the variables showed that, six (6) accessions (T30, T60, H60, Tf, yield and Tox60) are associated to the factor F1 with an eigenvalue of 2,81. A high correlation between 50% flowering and plant height, fertile tillers and number of tillers, sterility rate and total number of seeds and yield were also observed. The accessions were divided into three (3) distinct groups. Sixty (60) accessions and four (4) controls (CG14, IR64, Azucena Whyte and NERICA L-20) identified as tolerant genotypes were clustered together in Group 3. These tolerant accessions could be exploited in the rice breeding program for the tolerance to iron toxicity stress.
Microclimatic characterization of a conilon coffee plantation grown in an east-west orientation
Authors: Bis Ana Paula Pereira , Partelli Fábio Luiz , Falqueto Antelmo Ralph , Rodrigues Weverton Pereira , Vieira Henrique Duarte
Published: June 2020

Plant microclimate is seasonally influenced by the Earth’s rotation and the orientation of sun-exposed slopes. As such, understanding the system which constitutes the microenvironment is essential to create strategies to optimize plant performance in a changing environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of planting coffee in an east-west orientation on microclimatic aspects, plant growth and nutrient content. The experiment was conducted in a farm located in the northern region of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data collection was carried out on a 30-month old conilon coffee crop under full sun, with spacing of 3.0 m x 1.0 m and a plant height of ca. 1.6 m, from December 2016-September 2017. The irradiance, air temperature and vapor pressure deficit variables were reported by means of external data loggers. Leaf temperature (determined using thermal images), plant growth and leaf concentration on both sides of the plant were evaluated. Highest irradiance, air temperature and vapor pressure deficit values were observed on the north side, with the maximal difference reaching 4°C. This microclimate led to the highest leaf temperature on the north side, with a maximal difference of ca. 11°C around midday. Differences in macro- and micronutrient leaf concentrations were observed with a trend toward higher values on the north side probably associated with increased transpiration rates due to a high vapor pressure deficit. Higher macro- and micronutrient leaf content led to the better performance of coffee plants on the north side to some extent. There was no significant difference between the two sides of the plant for the growth variables.
Foliar application of nano-Zn and mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced Zn in grain and yield of two barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars under field conditions
Authors: Moshfeghi Narjes , Heidari Mostafa , Asghari Hamid Reza , Abadi Mehdi Baradaran Firoz , Abbott Lynette K. , Chen Yinglong
Published: June 2020

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global micronutrient problem in agricultural systems. The main target of this experiment was to investigate the effectiveness of foliar application of Zn under field conditions. Grain yield and Zn concentration in seed were assessed with three replicate plots per treatment in a factorial (2 x 3 x 2) experiment for two barley cultivars (Yusuf and Julgeh), three foliar ZnO applications (nano, ordinary and nano+ordinary ZnO) and two commercial inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (F. mosseae and R. irregularis). Among all Zn foliar applications, Zn applied in both nano and nano+ordinary forms were labile and resulted in the highest Zn concentration in grain of both barley cultivars. Cultivar Julgeh had higher grain Zn concentrations than did cultivar Yusuf in the same treatments. Nano ZnO was more effective than the ordinary form of ZnO and had the highest potential to improve physiological traits, plant growth and yield parameters in both cultivars. There was also a positive impact of the nano form of ZnO on phytase activity and carbonic anhydrase concentration in both barley cultivars. Inoculation with commercial inocula of AM fungi also enhanced grain Zn concentration, with Julgeh more responsive to inoculation with F. mosseae, and Yusuf more responsive to inoculation with R. irregularis. Generally, the combined application of Zn and inoculation with AM fungi improved physiological traits, grain yield and Zn availability to these two barley cultivars grown under field conditions. Accordingly, the nano form of Zn positively enhanced shoot morphological parameters, physiological parameters and grain Zn concentration. Application of the nano form ZnO in combination with inoculation with AM fungi had the most beneficial effects on grain Zn concentration, so this combined practice may have potential to reduce the requirement for application of synthetic Zn chemical fertilizers.
A construção do compromisso a presença militar dos EUA na Europa durante a Guerra Fria
Authors: Pedroso Mendes Flávio
Published: June 2020

O propósito do artigo é apresentar e discutir entendimentos teórico-conceituais que permitam, mediante uma reconstrução histórica, compreender a rationale da presença militar permanente dos Estados Unidos (EUA) na Europa Ocidental durante a Guerra Fria, no contexto amplo de contenção e dissuasão da União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS). Esta compreensão não é relevante apenas dos pontos de vista histórico e teórico, mas também para dar sentido à política internacional contemporânea e ao ordenamento que a produz, dada a manutenção da presença – embora reduzida – de forças convencionais dos EUA na região mesmo com o desaparecimento de sua rationale original. Em termos metodológicos, o argumento é construído com base em fontes secundárias, quando se trata da reconstrução histórica do período, e com base em hipóteses largamente dedutivas, quando se trata dos arcabouços teóricos que orientam a análise, o que é comum ao pensamento estratégico no campo nuclear.
Contribuciones actuales a la bioantropología Latinoamericana y del Caribe
Authors: Delgado Miguel
Published: June 2020

Recientemente la bioantropología ha tenido un notable desarrollo en Latinoamérica y El Caribe. Comoactores fundamentales están diferentes instituciones públicas y privadas a través de un variado grupo deinvestigadores e investigadoras que incluyen docentes universitarios, estudiantes de grado, postgradoasí como académicos y académicas independientes en diferentes disciplinas entre ellas antropología,arqueología, biología, genética humana, ciencias forenses y del deporte, entre otras. Prueba de ello sonlos diferentes simposios, mesas, talleres, etc., que en el marco de los congresos de antropología yarqueología tanto a nivel regional como continental se vienen llevando acabo con bastante éxito desdehace algunos años. Igualmente el desarrollo de encuentros en el marco de sociedades de antropologíabiológica y forense así como en arqueología indica un importante crecimiento en la investigaciónbioantropológica y bioarqueológica. En este contexto consideramos pertinente presentar un conjunto deinvestigaciones inéditas que dieran cuenta del desarrollo y tendencias recientes a nivel teórico ymetodológico de la bioantropología en Latinoamérica y El Caribe en la revista Jangwa Pana Revistade Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad delMagdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia.
La zona central del Magdalena: de los inicios a la consolidación del caos
Authors: Silva-Vallejo Fabio , Franco David
Published: June 2020

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la denominada zona central del Magdalena, una de las zonas en que está dividido el departamento del Magdalena desde el punto de vista político. Esta zona es, sin lugar a dudas, una especie de epicentro de actividades conflictivas que reflejan la inestabilidad del Estado-Nación. La eliminación sistemática de los chimilas, la desarticulación de los movimientos sociales como una de las consecuencias de la masacre de las bananeras en 1928, le desecación y expropiación de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, la guerrilla, el paramilitarismo y sus consecuencias nefastas en los procesos económicos, sociales y culturales, conforman un espacio territorial muy complejo en donde se articulan las grandes familias terratenientes, la ausencia del Estado y la eliminación sistemática de lo público, para dar espacio a un gigantesco territorio en donde la impunidad y la ausencia de memoria son la base de su desarrollo.
Features of Application of Modern Concepts of Bank Regulation and Supervision in Russia
Authors: Badalov L. A.
Published: June 2020

Even in times of crisis, the key to stability of the modern banking system remains largely the concepts of banking regulation and supervision used by supervisors. In the context of globalization and external challenges, the Central Bank of Russia is adapting foreign concepts of regulation and supervision to the realities of the Russian financial system in order to ensure sustainable socio-economic development of the country. That is why the article is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of modern concepts of banking regulation and supervision. The article lists and characterizes the most common concepts in the use of banking regulation and supervision, as well as provides an author’s view of modern alternative approaches to the organization of banking regulation and supervision, which can allow the Central Bank of Russia to improve the applied supervisory regime.
Affirmative Action in Regional Policy and its Consequences for the National Safety
Authors: Meteleva E. R. , Vardazaryan S. S. , Martirosyan G. K.
Published: June 2020

A regional policy is one of the important tools of supporting the state territorial integrity. Approaches and principles applied, and methods and tools employed are directly dependent on the historical track and socio-economic reality within a country, as well as on the geopolitical situation in the world. A regional policy of any contemporary state, including the Russian State, should take into account the challenges engendering threats to the national safety and territorial integrity of a country under the turbulent conditions and in the situation of the world order re-formatting. The basic concepts of a regional policy in the geopolitical turbulence circumstances should be guided by the strategic goal of preserving the national unity. Use of affirmative action within the regional policy of contemporary states, according to the authors’ opinion, engenders some threat to the territorial integrity because it generates certain prerequisites for separatism. The analysis of the cases of affirmative action used by some foreign states within the framework of their regional policy helps to estimate potential threats that the Russian State can meet with while realizing its regional policy.
Starting Conditions and Background of the Digital Economy Development in the Southern Federal District
Authors: Erokhina E. V.
Published: June 2020

The implementation of the national project «Digital Economy» requires the focused efforts of all interested parties and makes special demands on regional management systems. This requires improving the practice of managing digital transformation processes in the regions in order to improve the quality of life of people and dynamic development. The article discusses the conditions for the formation and development of the digital economy in the Southern Federal District (SFD). It is noted that the digital economy provides great opportunities for development, increases the level of information openness and accessibility, reduces bureaucratic barriers, but on the other hand, digitalization processes are associated with inevitable difficulties, uncertainty and risks. It is established that in all subjects there are necessary program documents for digital transformation. The strategic documents adopted in the Southern Federal District are aimed at stimulating and developing digital technologies. The digital economy needs competent specialists, for this it is necessary to create conditions for training personnel, improve the education system, the labor market, create motivation systems for the development of the necessary competencies. In scientific studies, insufficient attention has been paid to the processes of the influence of digital changes on the innovative activity of regional actors. The article presents an analysis of various criteria that affect the possible development of the digital economy and the socio-economic development of the Southern Federal District. The analysis made it possible to identify prospects for the further development of the macroregion. The results of the study can be used in the development and adjustment of regional strategic programs for the development of digital society, as well as material for further theoretical and applied research in the development of digital processes in regional systems.
Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Properties of Centaurea africana Lamk var. [Bonnet] M
Authors: Hadjira Sabrina , Mansour Amira , Berkel Caglar , Seghiri Ramdane , Menad Ahmed , Benayache Fadila , Benayache Samir , Cacan Ercan , Ameddah Souad
Published: June 2020

Background:

In Algerian traditional medicine, Centaurea species are well known in traditherapy. Centaurea africana has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of several inflammatory disorders.

Objective:

This study aims to examine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative potential of both n-Butanol (BECA) and ethyl acetate (EAECA) extracts of Centaurea africana.

Methods:

The phytochemical analysis of both BECA and EAECA were explored and the antioxidant activities were investigated by measuring the DPPH° scavenging effect, the reducing power and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by by Fe2+/ ascorbic acid system. The antiinflammatory properties were determined by measuring the NO° scavenging effect and by using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. The antiproliferative activity was studied on HT29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), OV2008 (human ovarian cancer) and C6 (Rattus norvegicus brain glioma) cell lines using the Sulforhodamine B assay.

Results:

The total polyphenol contents (TPC) of EAECA and BECA are recorded at 125.24±10.14 and 53.03±2.50 mgGAE/g extract, respectively. Both extracts revealed the antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner; this effect is more pronounced with EAECA. The BECA exhibited a higher anti-inflammatory activity. This anti-inflammatory activity was reflected in a reduction of swelling of carrageenan-evoked edemas (48.45 %), inhibition of nitric oxide (84.7 %), effective decrease in myeloperoxidase activity (58.82 %) and malondialdehyde level (65.58 %). The cytotoxic effect of BECA was found to be more pronounced against C6 cell lines (IC50value: 131.93 μg/mL) while the cytotoxic activity of EAECA was more effective against HT29 and OV2008 cell lines.

Conclusion:

The obtained results indicated that EAECA exhibited a high antioxidant activity, while BECA has significant anti-inflammatory activity. Both extracts showed cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines at certain concentrations in a cell-specific manner.
Targeting Protein Degradation in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bjij Imane , Hdoufane Ismail , Soliman Mahmoud , Najdoska-Bogdanov Menče , Cherqaoui Driss
Published: June 2020

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a crucial protein degradation pathway
that involves several enzymes to maintain cellular protein homeostasis. This system has
emerged as a major drug target against certain types of cancer as a disruption at the cellular
level of UPS enzyme components forces the transformation of normal cell into cancerous
cell. Although enormous advancements have been achieved in the understanding of tumorigenesis,
efficient cancer therapy remains a goal towards alleviating this serious health issue.
Since UPS has become a promising target for anticancer therapies, herein, we provide comprehensive
review of the ubiquitin proteasome system as a significant process for protein
degradation. Herein, the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of this pathway is also discussed.
Latihan bodyweight dengan total-body resistance exercise (TRX) dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot
Authors: Nasrulloh Ahmad , Wicaksono Iswadi Sigit
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan bodyweight dengan Total-body Resistance Exercise (TRX) terhadap Peningkatan Kekuatan Otot. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen. Desain penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan one-group pretest-posttest design. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah members The Fitlab Hotel Tara. Instrumen yang digunakan leg and back dynamometer untuk mengukur kekuatan otot tungkai dan punggung, hand grip dynamometer untuk mengukur kekuatan otot tangan, dan pull and push dynamometer untuk mengukur kekuatan menarik dan mendorong otot lengan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji hipotesis dengan analisis uji t (paired sample t test). Hasil penelitian diperoleh persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan otot tungkai sebesar 6,88 %, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan otot punggung sebesar 10,17%, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan otot tangan sebesar 10,4%, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan menarik otot lengan sebesar 8,67%, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan mendorong otot lengan sebesar 11,26%. Dengan demikian disimpulkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan bodyweight dengan total-body resistance exercise (TRX) terhadap peningkatan kekuatan otot yang meliputi peningkatan kekuata otot tungkai, kekuatan otot punggung, kekuatan otot tangan, kekuatan menarik otot lengan, dan kekuatan mendorong otot lengan. The bodyweight training with total-body resistance exercise (TRX) can be improving of muscle strength AbstractThis research aims to determine the effect of bodyweight training with Total-body Resistance Exercise (TRX) to the Improvement of Muscle Strength. This research used experimental research methods. The research design in this study was using one-group pretest-posttest design. The subject of the study is members of The Fitlab Tara Hotel. The instruments that have been used are leg and back dynamometer for measure the leg and back muscle strength, hand grip dynamometer for measure the hand muscle strength, and pull and push dynamometer for measure the pulling and pushing arm muscle strength. Data analysis techniques used hypothesis testing with t test analysis (paired sample t test). Based on the results of the study obtained, the percentage increase in leg muscle strength is 6.88%, the percentage increase in back muscle strength is 10.17%, the percentage increase in the hand muscle Strength is 10.4%, the percentage increase in the strength of pulling arm muscles is 8,67%, the percentage increase in the strength of pushing arm muscles is 11.26%. Thus, it was concluded that there was a significant effect of bodyweight training with total-body resistance exercise (TRX) on increasing muscle strength including increased strength of leg muscles, strength of back muscles, strength of hand muscles, strength of pulling arm muscles, and strength of pushing arm muscles.
Prevalência da constipação intestinal em acadêmicos de medicina de uma instituição particular do estado de Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: De Aquino Francisco Djailson Muniz , Costa Cristiano Ribeiro , De Aguiar Daniel Ximenes , Costa Nelzir Martins
Published: June 2020

Objetivos: Analisar a prevalência e características da constipação intestinal (CI) em acadêmicos de medicina de uma instituição particular do Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal e quantitativo, com aplicação de questionário a acadêmicos de medicina do 1º, 3º e 6º período. Foi realizada a coleta de dados gerais e específicos, de agosto a setembro de 2018, para a caracterização da CI, seguido de estatística descritiva. Resultados: A maioria dos 142 entrevistados era do 1º semestre do curso (n = 73; 51,4%), tinham até 28 anos (n = 133; 94%) e eram mulheres (n = 90; 63,4%). A maioria fazia suas refeições em casa (n = 106; 74,6%) e 84 (59,1%) realizavam quatro ou mais refeições ao dia. A maioria (n = 54, 38%) fazia uso de folhas verdes e frutas uma a duas vezes por dia. A presença de CI autoreferida ocorreu em 22 acadêmicos (15,5%) enquanto a CI funcional, caracterizada como esforço ao evacuar ou fezes endurecidas, ocorreu em 38 (26,7%). A minoria (n = 27; 19%) referiu frequência evacuatória até três vezes por semana. Além do esforço ao evacuar e fezes endurecidas, o sintoma mais prevalente foi a sensação de evacuação incompleta (n = 32; 22,5%). Conclusão: A constipação intestinal apresenta-se como um quadro pouco frequente entre os acadêmicos do curso de medicina estudado. O esforço evacuatório e fezes endurecidas foram os achados mais prevalentes.
Halitosis in geriatrics: factors related to this oral problem. An observational prospective clinical study.
Authors: Caxias Fernanda Pereira de , Catanoze Isabela Araguê , Silva Emily Vivianne Freitas da , Helena Júlia Taino , Brandini Daniela Atili , Santos Daniela Micheline dos , Turcio Karina Helga Leal , Guiotti Aimee
Published: June 2020

Objective: To identify the presence and level of halitosis in edentulous individuals with or without prostheses, before and after rehabilitation with complete dentures (CD). Methods: Patients were verbally invited to participate and signed an Informed Consent. Halitosis was analyzed by the volatile sulfur compounds measurement method in the presence and absence of the old prostheses (M1) and 15 to 30 days after the patients received their new prostheses (M2). At M1, the patients answered a questionnaire with clinical data, and the saliva type and presence/absence of tongue coating were assessed. T-test and Spearman correlation test were used, and a p-value < 0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twenty-seven patients (19 women) with an average age of 67 years participated in the study. The mean time of prosthesis usage was 20.2 years. Tong coating was present in 21 patients (77,8%). A good odor level of halitosis was self-claimed in 13 (41,8%) individuals. The odor level of halitosis was significantly lower in M2 compared to M1, either with or without CD and after hygiene (p < 0,001). There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the level of halitosis and alcoholism, smoking, prostheses hygiene method, and the presence of disease (diabetes). Conclusion: The old complete replacement of the prostheses with new ones was able to improve the odor level in a period of 15 to 30 days after the treatment. The presence of halitosis was correlated with alcoholism, smoking, denture hygiene methods, and the presence of diabetes.
Síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros trabalhadores de um hospital público de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Freitas Camila Cavalcante , Freire Marco Aurelio
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: O termo “burnout” descreve uma síndrome desenvolvida em pessoas expostas a situações de estresse laboral de forma crônica. Dentre as profissões do setor público no âmbito da saúde, a enfermagem é considerada a quarta mais estressante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout (SB) em enfermeiros do Hospital Monsenhor Walfredo Gurgel de Natal/RN. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico, de caráter prospectivo em 80 enfermeiros(as) no período de julho a agosto de 2019. Foi realizada a aplicação de questionário socioeconômico e do Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CIB), com 19 itens que refletiam os níveis de esgotamento profissional, sendo esta escala categorizada como burnout baixo, intermediário e alto. Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados era do gênero feminino (92,5%), com média de 38,7 anos, casada (63,8%), com especialização na área (65%) e dois vínculos empregatícios (53,8%). Houve maior prevalência de níveis altos de burnout pessoal (47,5%), e níveis intermediários de burnout relacionado ao trabalho (56,2%) e burnout relacionado ao cliente (50%). Foi observada correlação positiva estatisticamente significante entre o aumento da carga horária semanal (ultrapassando as 30 horas) e o burnout pessoal (r = 0,25; p = 0,03). Não foi possível observar correlação entre os domínios do CBI e as demais características. Conclusão: Houve correlação positiva entre carga laboral elevada e a prevalência de SB em enfermeiros. Há a necessidade de estudos que indiquem uma melhor condição de trabalho para os enfermeiros, buscando estratégias focadas na prevenção do estresse laboral.
Inteligência Coletiva na era da Internet
Authors: Erzinger Fabiano Luiz , Araujo Walter Jr. Boim de , Amato Alexandre Campos Moraes
Published: June 2020

Entre as iniciativas que promovem educação permanente para os profissionais de saúde visando a qualificação profissional, a teleducação interativa pode ser um importante recurso para disponibilizar materiais e unidades educacionais de qualidade. Embora grande parte do desenvolvimento educacional seja focada em cursos, a integração com a prática profissional é fundamental para a motivação dos profissionais. Assim, a utilização de métodos de segunda opinião formativa especializada pode ser importante, pois permite desenvolver uma estratégia educacional com foco no aprendizado baseado na problemática real. Entre as mudanças mais notáveis de comportamento nas últimas décadas está a comunicação baseada na internet, que acarretou uma maior interação social sem fronteiras. A comunicação sempre exerceu grande participação no aprendizado, pois, segundo Vygotsky1, é na relação entre as pessoas que o conhecimento é construído, permitindo o desenvolvimento mental do indivíduo.
Available evidence on risk factors associated with COVID-19's poorer outcomes, worldwide and in Brazil
Authors: Rinaldi Bruna , S. N. Rinaldi João Pedro
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Analyse availability and quality of existing evidence on COVID-19's risk factors and underlying health conditions that are associated with poorer outcomes, worldwide and in Brazil. Methods: EBMR (Ovid), Google Scholar, MEDLINE (OvidSP), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO) and Cochrane Library databases were screened, plus Brazilian government epidemiological reports. A body of 25 articles plus 1 report met the inclusion criteria. Results: Available data are still disconnected and several biases exist throughout literature, mainly due to COVID-19 novelty aspect. Hypertension was the most analysed risk factor, followed by diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Availability of Brazilian data is significantly scarce and only governmental reports are readily available. Conclusion: Further studies, with good methodological designs, are needed to provide good levels of evidence in order to provide solid background to help the pandemic’s mitigation strategies.
Teaching Adequate Prehospital Use of Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Gamified e-Learning Module
Authors: Suppan Mélanie , Gartner Birgit , Golay Eric , Stuby Loric , White Marion , Cottet Philippe , Abbas Mohamed , Iten Anne , Harbarth Stephan , Suppan Laurent
Published: June 2020

Background

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to increased use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Adequate use of this equipment is more critical than ever because the risk of shortages must be balanced against the need to effectively protect health care workers, including prehospital personnel. Specific training is therefore necessary; however, the need for social distancing has markedly disrupted the delivery of continuing education courses. Electronic learning (e-learning) may provide significant advantages because it requires neither the physical presence of learners nor the repetitive use of equipment for demonstration.

Objective

Inclusion of game mechanics, or “gamification,” has been shown to increase knowledge and skill acquisition. The objective of this research was to develop a gamified e-learning module to interactively deliver concepts and information regarding the correct choice and handling of PPE.

Methods

The SERES framework was used to define and describe the development process, including scientific and design foundations. After we defined the target audience and learning objectives by interviewing the stakeholders, we searched the scientific literature to establish relevant theoretical bases. The learning contents were validated by infection control and prehospital experts. Learning mechanics were then determined according to the learning objectives, and the content that could benefit from the inclusion of game mechanics was identified.

Results

The literature search resulted in the selection and inclusion of 12 articles. In addition to gamification, pretesting, feedback, avoiding content skipping, and demonstrations using embedded videos were used as learning mechanics. Gamification was used to enhance the interactivity of the PPE donning and doffing sequences, which presented the greatest learning challenges. The module was developed with Articulate Storyline 3 to ensure that it would be compatible with a wide array of devices, as this software generates HTML5-compatible output that can be accessed on smartphones, tablets, and regular computers as long as a recent browser is available.

Conclusions

A gamified e-learning module designed to promote better knowledge and understanding of PPE use among prehospital health care workers was created by following the SERES framework. The impact of this module should now be assessed by means of a randomized controlled trial.
Antibacterial effect of a hyperosmotic solution containing sorbate and ethanol on Enterococcus faecalis in planktonic form and as biofilm: an in vitro study
Authors: Rojas Briones Mónica Elizabeth , Oliva Rodríguez Ricardo , González Ortega Omar , González Amaro Ana María , Mariel Cárdenas Jairo , Avelar González Francisco Javier , Guerrero Barrera Alma Lilián
Published: June 2020

The antibacterial effect of a hyperosmotic solution containing sorbate and ethanol on E. faecalis in planktonic state and in biofilm was evaluated. Three hyperosmotic solutions (HS-A, HS-B y HS-C) were obtained from different formulations of potassium sorbate and sodium chloride, which were tested as antimicrobials against planktonic forms of E. faecalis, in McFarland standards from 0.5 to 7, using the sedimentation technique and colony forming units (CFU) count. Afterwards an E. faecalis biofilm was produced in the palatal roots of upper first molars, by a static method in 21 days; subsequently they were prepared biomechanically by the Universal Protaper system, using the hyperosmotic solution B as an irrigant to evaluate the bacterial load reduction. One pre-instrumentation sample and one post-instrumentation sample were taken, and then were processed and cultivated to count CFU. Consecutively, roots were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The hyperosmotic solution had an important antibacterial effect when used against E. faecalis in planktonic state; solutions HS-A and HS-B were effective in eliminating E. faecalis up to 7 McFarland, while a statistical difference (p˂0.001) was observed in reducing the bacterial load in the biofilm, based on the log10 CFU count. The final solution tested seemed not to harm the dentinal structure and was capable of causing morphological changes to the bacterial cell consistent with a hyperosmotic shock. Thus, the solutions tested could be an option to be considered as irrigating agents; nonetheless further research is required regarding its biocompatibility.
Obstrucción del tracto de salida estomacal secundaria a infección por Helicobacter pylori en una paciente pediátrica. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Trejo-Scorza Carlos José , Trejo-Scorza Ezequiel , Ruiz María Elena
Published: June 2020

Se presenta el caso de una escolar de 10 años, con un tumor palpable de 10 cm de largo por 2 cm de ancho en las regiones de epigastrio e hipocondrio derecho y con síntomas de obstrucción del tracto de salida del estómago de 2 meses de duración. La tomografía axial computarizada y la endoscopia digestiva superior, mostraron lesiones polipoideas y granulomatosas que dificultaron el paso del endoscopio por el antro gástrico. Se tomaron muestras para estudio histopatológico el cual reportó gastritis antral activa crónica, causada por Helicobacter pylori, sin elementos de linfoma tipo MALT. Se prescribió terapia triple de primera línea para Helicobacter pylori, con respuesta satisfactoria y desaparición de la obstrucción del tracto de salida del estómago. El control endoscópico posterior mostró remisión completa de las lesiones.
Relación entre el índice de masa corporal materno y los resultados adversos en el embarazo: Revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Aguilar-Cordero María José , León-Rios Ximena Alejandra , Ruiz Moreno Sandra , Mur-Villar Norma
Published: June 2020

La creciente incidencia de la obesidad a nivel mundial, ha hecho de esta uno de los principales problemas de Salud Pública durante la gestación, al aumentar las comorbilidades maternas y perinatales y alterar el curso normal del embarazo, que pasa a denominarse embarazo de alto riesgo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y las complicaciones que se producen en el embarazo. Se ha efectuado una revisión sistemática siguiendo los criterios del protocolo PRISMA. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Cinahl entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2019. Las mujeres obesas o con sobrepeso mostraron más complicaciones en el embarazo, como diabetes mellitus gestacional, preeclampsia, parto pretérmino, cesárea, niños macrosómicos y una mayor tasa de abortos que las gestantes de peso normal. Las intervenciones de educación sanitaria durante el embarazo mejoraron la condición física de las gestantes, pero no redujeron las complicaciones. Se concluye que el sobrepeso y la obesidad se asocian con importantes complicaciones durante la gestación y durante el parto.