bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responses of the Glacier Mass Balance to Climate Change in the Tibetan Plateau During 1975–2013
Authors: Liu Xiaowan , Xu Zongxue , Yang Hong , Vaghefi Saeid Ashraf
Published: February 2021

Approximately 70% of the available water in the entire Tibetan Plateau is stored in glaciers. Understanding the impact of climate change on the glacier mass balance is crucial given that the Plateau is the “water tower” of East and Southeast Asia. However, the historical records of the glacier mass balance for the Tibetan Plateau are scattered and incomplete. In this study, we reconstructed the long‐term glacier mass balance from 1975 to 2013 (the data can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.11888/Glacio.tpdc.270382) using the field observations for seven major glaciers and corresponding meteorological data extracted from the GLDAS CLSM (Global Land Data Assimilation Systems based on the Catchment Land Surface Model) data set. The effects of refrozen water and snow depth on the glacier mass balance was examined. In addition, the response of glacier mass balance to climate change was investigated. The results indicate that most of the glaciers experienced a mass loss during the study period. Large mass loss occurred in glaciers in the southeastern part of the plateau. The glacier in the northwestern part of the plateau (the Muztagh No.15 Glacier) shows a small mass gain. Regarding the mass components of the glacier mass balance, most mass balances are dominated by meltwater, while the Muztagh No. 15 has a component offset. Further analysis manifests that mass balances in the western glaciers heavily change to the change of moisture factor (precipitation), while for the eastern glaciers, mass balance changes respond strongly to the changes of heat factors (air temperature and net radiation). The differences in the mass balance changes are closely related to the westerlies and Indian summer monsoon.
Coupling Between Land Surface Fluxes and Lifting Condensation Level: Mechanisms and Sensitivity to Model Physics Parameterizations
Authors: Wei Jiangfeng , Zhao Jingwen , Chen Haishan , Liang Xin‐Zhong
Published: February 2021

Biases in land‐atmosphere interaction simulations may originate from different model components or parameterizations and are transferred to the land‐atmosphere system, which causes biases in weather and climate predictions. With a focus on East Asia, we analyze the relationships between land surface sensible and latent heat fluxes (SH and LH), evaporative fraction (EF), soil moisture, and lifting condensation level (LCL) height in ERA5 and MERRA‐2 reanalyzes and simulations from a regional climate model (CWRF) with multiple parameterizations. The results show that SH (soil moisture and EF) is generally positively (negatively) correlated with LCL height because of their mutual positive (negative) influence and the positive feedback loops. The LH‐LCL relationship is sensitive to the local climate and generally positive in humid climates and negative in the semiarid climate; however, only negative correlations can be indicative of a possible impact of LH on LCL. MERRA‐2 shows an overall stronger influence of land on LCL height than ERA5 and CWRF. Different CWRF parameterizations produce different and sometimes contrasting LH‐LCL relationships, which is strongly related to the simulated climate and can be validated. This highlights the need for a deep process‐level understanding of land‐atmosphere interactions in coupled model simulations.
I‐Type Cosmic Spherules as Proxy for the Δ′17O of the Atmosphere—A Calibration With Quaternary Air
Authors: Fischer Meike B. , Oeser Martin , Weyer Stefan , Folco Luigi , Peters Stefan T. M. , Zahnow Fabian , Pack Andreas
Published: February 2021

Remnants of shooting stars are preserved in form of cosmic spherules in ice and sediments. The extraterrestrial material is heated and melted upon atmospheric entry and is collected at the Earth's surface as cosmic spherules. A fraction of cosmic spherules (I‐type cosmic spherules) sources from extraterrestrial Fe,Ni metal. These metal particles melt and become oxidized in the atmosphere. The oxygen in the resulting oxides (magnetite, wüstite) sources entirely from the atmosphere. Here, we demonstrate that I‐type cosmic spherules can be used to reconstruct the triple oxygen isotope anomaly of the past atmosphere, which provides information on the gross primary productivity and/or paleo‐CO2 levels. We present a calibration of the proxy using Antarctic cosmic spherules. We further introduce Δ′56Fe and demonstrate that triple iron isotopes can be used to obtain information about the underlying fractionation mechanism (e.g., kinetic vs. equilibrium fractionation).
Initiation and Evolution of the Shanxi Rift System in North China: Evidence From Low‐Temperature Thermochronology in a Plate Reconstruction Framework
Authors: Su Peng , He Honglin , Tan Xibin , Liu Yiduo , Shi Feng , Kirby Eric
Published: February 2021

The Shanxi Rift System (SRS) is a prominent intracontinental rift in eastern Eurasia. However, its tectonic origin remains enigmatic, as the timing of rift initiation and its subsequent evolution is not well constrained. To evaluate the cooling history of rift flanks, we present joint apatite fission track (n = 15) and apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He (n = 62) thermochronological study across the Huo Shan and the Zhongtiao Shan in the central and southern SRS, respectively. Inverse modeling of the thermochronological data yields two episodes of enhanced exhumation during the Cenozoic. Both ranges record rapid cooling circa 50‐35 Ma, coeval with a phase of widespread rifting across entire North China. Data from the Zhongtiao Shan record renewed cooling from ∼8 Ma to the present, following a protracted near‐isothermal condition. Considering the SRS in the context of plate reconstructions, we propose that the Eocene rift initiation is triggered by the subduction of the trench‐parallel Izanagi‐Pacific mid‐ocean ridge followed by subduction of the Pacific plate. Tectonic quiescence along the Shanxi rift during Oligocene and Miocene time reflects slow thermal subsidence as the Pacific subduction regime was established. In late Miocene, faults associated with the SRS were reactivated in dextral transtension linked to fault systems that extend outward from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. This kinematic reorganization implies a fundamental change in force balance throughout North China. Overall, our results reflect the changing influence of tectonic regimes along the eastern Eurasian plate boundary and intracontinental deformation associated with the India‐Eurasia collision.
Cenozoic Exhumation History of the Eastern Margin of the Northern Canadian Cordillera
Authors: McKay Ryan , Enkelmann Eva , Hadlari Thomas , Matthews William , Mouthereau Frédéric
Published: February 2021

New low‐temperature thermochronology data from clastic sedimentary rocks in the northern Richardson Mountains, Canada, indicate significant exhumational cooling during late Eocene–early Oligocene time. Apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He (AHe) data were collected from 19 Proterozoic–Paleocene rocks across a 115 km transect. Eighty‐eight single‐grain AHe dates range from 16–300 Ma and are generally younger than stratigraphic ages, indicative of thermal resetting by burial. Additionally, zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) dates from two Proterozoic–Cambrian rocks range from 49–123 Ma and suggest burial to >160°C. In contrast, ZHe dates from Jurassic sandstones are older than the stratigraphic age, which limits maximum burial to <160°C. Thermal history modeling reveals three phases of cooling, during the Paleocene–early Eocene (>65–50 Ma), late Eocene–early Oligocene (40–30 Ma), and late Oligocene–early Miocene (30–15 Ma). Most samples cooled during the first and second phases, whereas the third phase is less well constrained. In general, most rocks were below the sensitivity of AHe analysis since the early–middle Miocene. The results suggest a previously unrecognized phase of inferred deformation in the northern Richardson Mountains between 40–30 Ma. Our findings contribute to previous work that recognizes Late Cenozoic deformation along the eastern margin of the Northern Cordillera. We further investigated the potential mechanisms of this widespread deformation and suggest exhumation may relate to kinematic changes of the North American plate relative to structural trends along the margin of the Northern Cordillera.
Why Aren’t There More Journal Papers by African Geoscientists?
Authors: Wight Andrew
Published: February 2021

Africa is a geoscientist’s dream. But new research shows that less than 4% of the world’s high-impact geoscience papers focus on Africa, and few of those have even one African author.
Selective elimination of immunosuppressive T cells in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Awwad Mohamed H. S. , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Bruns Heiko , Echchannaoui Hakim , Kriegsmann Katharina , Lutz Raphael , Raab Marc S. , Bertsch Uta , Munder Markus , Jauch Anna , Weisel Katja , Maier Bettina , Weinhold Niels , Salwender Hans Jürgen , Eckstein Volker , Hänel Mathias , Fenk Roland , Dürig Jan , Brors Benedikt , Benner Axel , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Hundemer Michael
Published: February 2021

Elimination of suppressive T cells may enable and enhance cancer immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that the cell membrane protein SLAMF7 was highly expressed on immunosuppressive CD8+CD28-CD57+ Tregs in multiple myeloma (MM). SLAMF7 expression associated with T cell exhaustion surface markers and exhaustion-related transcription factor signatures. T cells from patients with a high frequency of SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells exhibited decreased immunoreactivity towards the MART-1aa26–35*A27L antigen. A monoclonal anti-SLAMF7 antibody (elotuzumab) specifically depleted SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo via macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Anti-SLAMF7 treatment of MM patients depleted suppressive T cells in peripheral blood. These data highlight SLAMF7 as a marker for suppressive CD8+ Treg and suggest that anti-SLAMF7 antibodies can be used to boost anti-tumoral immune responses in cancer patients.
Author Correction: Development of humanized tri-specific nanobodies with potent neutralization for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Dong Jianbo , Huang Betty , Wang Bo , Titong Allison , Kankanamalage Sachith Gallolu , Jia Zhejun , Wright Meredith , Parthasarathy Pannaga , Liu Yue
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Effects of wound dressings containing silver on skin and immune cells
Authors: Nešporová Kristina , Pavlík Vojtěch , Šafránková Barbora , Vágnerová Hana , Odráška Pavel , Žídek Ondřej , Císařová Natálie , Skoroplyas Svitlana , Kubala Lukáš , Velebný Vladimír
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A microfluidic bubble perfusion device for brain slice culture
Authors: Saleheen Amirus , Acharyya Debalina , Prosser Rebecca A. , Baker Christopher A.
Published: February 2021

Principles of droplet microfluidics and roller tube tissue culture are combined to develop a new approach to microfluidic brain slice perfusion.
Heterogeneous toroidal spiral particles for islet encapsulation
Authors: Leon Plata Paola , Zaroudi Maryam , Lee Chun-Yin , Foster Colin , Nitsche Ludwig C. , Rios Peter D. , Wang Yong , Oberholzer Jose , Liu Ying
Published: February 2021

Self-assembled toroidal-spiral particles were generated to encapsulate human islets of Langerhans with high cell loading and excellent cell viability.
Daily intake of Lactobacillus alleviates autistic-like behaviors by ameliorating the 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolic disorder in VPA-treated rats during weaning and sexual maturation
Authors: Kong Qingmin , Wang Botao , Tian Peijun , Li Xiu , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Wang Gang
Published: February 2021

The present study aimed to assess the ability of three Lactobacillus strains (L. helveticus CCFM1076, L. acidophilus La28, and L. acidophilus JCM 1132) to alleviate autistic-like behavioral symptoms in VPA-treated rats from weaning to sexual maturation.
Effect of fermentation with single and co-culture of lactic acid bacteria on okara: evaluation of bioactive compounds and volatile profiles
Authors: Hadj Saadoun Jasmine , Calani Luca , Cirlini Martina , Bernini Valentina , Neviani Erasmo , Del Rio Daniele , Galaverna Gianni , Lazzi Camilla
Published: February 2021

Okara is the main soybean by-product resulting from the processing of soy milk and tofu.
The thioamidation of gem-dibromoalkenes in an aqueous medium
Authors: Vankar Jigarkumar K. , Gupta Ankush , Jadav Jaydeepbhai P. , Nanjegowda Shankara H. , Gururaja Guddeangadi N.
Published: February 2021

The direct integration of sulphur and amine groups with 1,1-dibromoalkenes for thioamide synthesis has been achieved in an aqueous medium.
Tuning the vesicle-to-worm transition for thermoresponsive block copolymer vesicles prepared via polymerisation-induced self-assembly
Authors: Dorsman Isabella R. , Derry Matthew J. , Cunningham Victoria J. , Brown Steven L. , Williams Clive N. , Armes Steven P.
Published: February 2021

Does statistical copolymerization of n-butyl methacrylate with benzyl methacrylate lower the critical temperature required for vesicle-to-worm and worm-to-sphere transitions for diblock copolymer nano-objects in mineral oil?
Living polymerizations of propylene sulfide initiated with potassium xanthates characterized by unprecedentedly high propagation rates
Authors: Rumyantsev Misha
Published: February 2021

In this paper we describe the original thiol-free approach towards the polymerization of propylene sulfide (PS) under various conditions (bulk, solution, and emulsion) initiated with potassium xanthates.
Exploration of CH⋯F & CF⋯H mediated supramolecular arrangements into fluorinated terphenyls and theoretical prediction of their third-order nonlinear optical response
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad , Ullah Malik Aman , Muhammad Shabbir , Khan Muhammad Usman , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Khan Ilham , Asghar Muhammad , Mughal Khawar Shahzad
Published: February 2021

Three novel fluorinated terphenyls were synthesized by a Suzuki Miyaura method. DFT and TDDFT were performed to explore FMO, DOS analysis and third-order NLO properties. This may provide new ways to utilise fluorinated terphenyl compounds as advanced functional materials.
A straightforward and sensitive “ON–OFF” fluorescence immunoassay based on silicon-assisted surface enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Zhang Ruohu , Jin Zhanrui , Tian Zhengqiu , Liu Yingzhou , Lu Zhengqi , Cui Yiping
Published: February 2021

A straightforward immunoassay based on silicon-assisted surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) has been demonstrated using a silicon-based fluorescent immune substrate and silver-antibody nanoconjugate (SANC).
Health and ecological risk assessment and simulation of heavy metal-contaminated soil of Tehran landfill
Authors: Karimian Shahla , Shekoohiyan Sakine , Moussavi Gholamreza
Published: February 2021

The toxic effects of heavy metals in landfill soils have become a significant concern for human health.
Study on burgers vector of dislocations in KDP (010) faces and screw dislocation growth mechanism of (101) faces
Authors: Yu Bo , Xu Longyun , Wang Shenglai , Huang Pingping , Liu Hui , Zhang Liyuan , Li Xianglin , Wang Bo , Yu Guangwei , Sui Tingting
Published: February 2021

We modified the conventional etching-optical method to measure dislocation direction in a KDP crystal.
Synthesis of a DOTA-C-glyco bifunctional chelating agent and preliminary in vitro and in vivo study of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-C-glyco-RGD
Authors: Mangin Floriane , Collet Charlotte , Jouan-Hureaux Valérie , Maskali Fatiha , Roeder Emilie , Pierson Julien , Selmeczi Katalin , Marie Pierre-Yves , Boura Cédric , Pellegrini-Moïse Nadia , Lamandé-Langle Sandrine
Published: February 2021

A carbohydrate containing [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-RGD tracer was designed and demonstrated promising results for cancer diagnosis by positron emission tomography imaging.
Graphene based hyperbolic metamaterial for tunable mid-infrared biosensing
Authors: Cynthia Sarah , Ahmed Rajib , Islam Sharnali , Ali Khaleda , Hossain Mainul
Published: February 2021

Graphene/Al2O3 HMM stack, coupled to a gold grating structure, for tunable, label-free, and highly sensitive biosensing in the mid-IR wavelength region. FDTD simulations show that the proposed device can achieve a maximum sensitivity of 4052 nm RIU−1.
Enhancing the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction utilising Fe3P bulk modified screen-printed electrodes via the application of a magnetic field
Authors: Hughes Jack. P. , Rowley-Neale Samuel , Banks Craig
Published: February 2021

We report the fabrication and optimisation of Fe3P bulk modified screen-printed electrochemical platforms (SPEs), enhancing their performance towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), within acidic media, by the application of a magentic field.
SiOx-based graphite composite anode and efficient binders: practical applications in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xiong Yonglian , Xing Houchao , Fan Yongsheng , Wei Ying , Shang Jin , Chen Yuwei , Yan Jun
Published: February 2021

The effects of water-soluble binder styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) for the 15% SiOx–graphite composite anode in half cell and high voltage pouch cell were investigated.
Appraisal of the greenness profile of a chromatographic method for the simultaneous estimation of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, along with two potential impurities and three formulation excipients
Authors: Abdelwahab Nada S. , Abdelrahman Maha M.
Published: February 2021

Structurally related carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OX) are two of the most commonly used antipsychotic drugs.
A simple way to fabricate pure anatase 2D TiO2IO monolayer: structure, color control and its application in electrochromism
Authors: Li Hua , Robichaud Jacques , Djaoued Yahia
Published: February 2021

Pure anatase TiO22D IO films produced by “dynamic-hard-template infiltration” strategy simply using TiOSO4aqueous solution as precursor and templated from various PS spheres diameters exhibit distinct structural colors and EC optical modulation.
Cryptophane–xenon complexes for 129Xe MRI applications
Authors: Zemerov Serge D. , Dmochowski Ivan J.
Published: February 2021

This review aims to summarize the development of cryptophane biosensors for 129Xe MRI applications, while highlighting innovative biosensor designs and the consequent enhancements in detection sensitivity, which will be invaluable in expanding the scope of 129Xe MRI.
Organic–inorganic hybrid tetrachlorocadmates as promising fluorescent agents for cross-linked polyurethanes: synthesis, crystal structures and extended performance analysis
Authors: Vassilyeva Olga Yu. , Buvaylo Elena A. , Lobko Yevheniia V. , Linnik Rostyslav P. , Kokozay Vladimir N. , Skelton Brian W.
Published: February 2021

Hybrid salts made of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinium-based cations with easily tunable electronic structures, and halometallate anions that do not include any rare-earth or noble metals were used to fabricate flexible luminescent CPU films.
Optimisation of bacterial release from a stable microfluidic-generated water-in-oil-in-water emulsion
Authors: Mohd Isa Nur Suaidah , El Kadri Hani , Vigolo Daniele , Gkatzionis Konstantinos
Published: February 2021

Encapsulation enhanced viability and metabolic activity. Nutrients can cross the oil layer. Bacterial release increased while emulsion stability decreased at high osmotic pressure and low surfactant concentration. Two-step release mechanism observed.
Sequestration within biomolecular condensates inhibits Aβ-42 amyloid formation
Authors: Küffner Andreas M. , Linsenmeier Miriam , Grigolato Fulvio , Prodan Marc , Zuccarini Remo , Capasso Palmiero Umberto , Faltova Lenka , Arosio Paolo
Published: February 2021

Biomolecular condensates sequester an aggregation-prone peptide and prevent its aggregation, showing that heterotypic interactions within the condensates can prevent the formation of amyloid fibrils, despite the local increase in concentration.
Polymerization and isomerization cyclic amplification for nucleic acid detection with attomolar sensitivity
Authors: Lan Lin , Huang Jin , Liu Mengtan , Yin Yao , Wei Can , Cai Qinyun , Meng Xiangxian
Published: February 2021

DNA amplification is one of the most valuable tools for the clinical diagnosis of nucleic acid-related diseases, but current techniques for DNA amplification are based on intermolecular polymerization reactions, resulting in the risk of errors in the intermolecular reaction pattern.
How metallylenes activate small molecules
Authors: Vermeeren Pascal , Doppert Michael T. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Hamlin Trevor A.
Published: February 2021

Quantum chemical analyses reveal how model metallylene catalysts activate H2. This is the first step towards the rational design of metallylenes for the activation of small molecules and subsequent reactions.
The role of solvent molecular weight in shear thickening and shear jamming
Authors: van der Naald Mike , Zhao Liang , Jackson Grayson L. , Jaeger Heinrich M.
Published: February 2021

We find that tuning solvent molecular weight can mediate frictional interactions between suspended particles, drastically impacting the suspension rheology.
Fast lithium-ion conductivity in the ‘empty-perovskite’ n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper-type oxysulphide Y2Ti2S2O5
Authors: McColl Kit , Corà Furio
Published: February 2021

Lithium ions reside on a square network of sites in empty ReO3-like units within the Li-ion anode material Y2Ti2S2O5 and move with activation barriers of only 64 meV under dilute conditions, providing fast 2D mobility.
New highly soluble triarylamine-based materials as promising catholytes for redox flow batteries
Authors: Romadina Elena I. , Volodin Ivan A. , Stevenson Keith J. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: February 2021

Arylamines bearing oligoethylene glycol ether solubilizing moieties were designed as promising highly soluble catholyte materials for non-aqueous redox flow batteries.
Continuous 3D-nanopatterned Ni–Mo solid solution as a free-standing electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline medium
Authors: Kim Kisun , Tiwari Anand P. , Hyun Gayea , Yoon Yeoheung , Kim Heeyoung , Park Jeong Young , An Ki-Seok , Jeon Seokwoo
Published: February 2021

A free standing 3D-nanopatterned solid solution of Ni–Mo has been fabricated for excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity.
Understanding A and B-site engineered lead-free Ba(1−x)CaxZryTi(1−y)O3 piezoceramics: a perspective from DFT
Authors: Premkumar S. , Radhakrishnan S. , Mathe V. L.
Published: February 2021

DFT has been used to investigate the structural and polarization of Ba(1-x)CaxZryTi(1−y)O3, perovskite solid solutions namely BaTiO3 (BT), Ba(Zr0.125Ti0.875)O3 (BZT), (Ba0.875Ca0.125)TiO3 (BCT) and Ba0.875Ca0.125(Zr0.125Ti0.875)O3 (BCZT).
Doped crystalline thin-film deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Xin Jianhui , Sun Peifu , Zhu Feng , Wang Yue , Yan Donghang
Published: February 2021

A doped crystalline thin-film deep-blue organic light-emitting diode (C-OLED) with high photon output and a low driving voltage is created through employing highly ordered and high-mobility organic semiconductor layers.
Melamine-assisted synthesis of porous V2O3/N-doped carbon hollow nanospheres for efficient sodium-ion storage
Authors: Yao Jiaxin , Zhang Heng , Zhao Zejun , Zhu Zhixiao , Yao Jialing , Zheng Xiaoyan , Yang Yong
Published: February 2021

V2O3/NC hollow nanospheres were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and carbonization treatment. Under the effects of hollow architecture and carbon-coated structure, V2O3/NC HSs exhibited high specific capacitance and excellent cycling stability.
Correction: Exceptional gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage for densified zeolite templated carbons with high mechanical stability
Authors: Masika Eric , Mokaya Robert
Published: February 2021

Correction for ‘Exceptional gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage for densified zeolite templated carbons with high mechanical stability’ by Eric Masika et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 427–434, DOI: 10.1039/C3EE42239A.
Boron–nitrogen substituted planar cores: designing dopant-free hole-transporting materials for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hao Mengyao , Chi Weijie , Li Zesheng
Published: February 2021

Newly developed organoboron HTMs show strong interface binding ability and fast charge transfer from the perovskite layer to the HTM layer.
Correction: Polymerization-induced self-assembly via RAFT in emulsion: effect of Z-group on the nucleation step
Authors: Guimarães Thiago R. , Loong Bong Y. , Thompson Steven W. , Moad Graeme , Perrier Sébastien , Zetterlund Per B.
Published: February 2021

Correction for ‘Polymerization-induced self-assembly via RAFT in emulsion: effect of Z-group on the nucleation step’ by Thiago R. Guimarães et al., Polym. Chem., 2021, 12, 122–133, DOI: 10.1039/D0PY01311K.
Palladium catalyzed reductive Heck coupling and its application in total synthesis of (−)-17-nor-excelsinidine
Authors: Yuan Lisi , Chen Linrong , Yan Xiaoxiao , Gao Kun , Wang Xiaolei
Published: February 2021

17-nor-Excelsinidine was constructed via oxidative coupling in excellent yield and high regioselectivity under NBS/pyridine from the enolate of geissoschizine.
2,3-Dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane as a useful precursor to 2,3-dimethylene-1,4-dioxane for [4+2] cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Shindo Hiroaki , Mizota Isao , Zhu Yusong
Published: February 2021

2,3-Dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane serves as a stable precursor to 2,3-dimethylene-1,4-dioxane which undergoes a cycloaddition with dienophiles. The adducts are transformed into useful intermediates for biologically important materials.
Formal [4 + 4]-, [4 + 3]-, and [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions of donor–acceptor cyclobutenes, cyclopropenes and siloxyalkynes induced by Brønsted acid catalysis
Authors: Zheng Haifeng , Wang Rui , Wang Kan , Wherritt Daniel , Arman Hadi , Doyle Michael P.
Published: February 2021

Brønsted acid catalysis realizes formal [4 + 4]-, [4 + 3]-, and [4 + 2]-cycloadditions of donor–acceptor cyclobutenes, cyclopropanes, and siloxyalkynes with benzopyrylium ions.
A microparticle blood analogue suspension matching blood rheology
Authors: Carneiro J. , Lima R. , Campos J. B. L. M. , Miranda J. M.
Published: February 2021

The new suspension-based blood analogue fluid has a long shelf life and matches blood shear and extensional rheologies. Microparticles in the suspension have size and deformability similar to red blood cells.
Gel composite electrolyte – an effective way to utilize ceramic fillers in lithium batteries
Authors: Chen X. Chelsea , Zhang Yiman , Merrill Laura C. , Soulen Charles , Lehmann Michelle L. , Schaefer Jennifer L. , Du Zhijia , Saito Tomonori , Dudney Nancy J.
Published: February 2021

In this work we compare the effects of Li+ conducting ceramic fillers in a gel composite electrolyte vs a dry composite electrolyte. The strategy to effectively utilize ceramic fillers to achieve synergy in composite electrolytes is discussed.
Correction: Large-area printed low-voltage organic thin film transistors via minimal-solution bar-coating
Authors: Sung Sujin , Lee Won-June , Payne Marcia M. , Anthony John E. , Kim Chang-Hyun , Yoon Myung-Han
Published: February 2021

Correction for ‘Large-area printed low-voltage organic thin film transistors via minimal-solution bar-coating’ by Sujin Sung et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8, 15112–15118, DOI: 10.1039/D0TC03089A.
Micro‐element statistics and their application in the study of soil model electrical conductivity
Authors: Cao Xiaobin , Wang Haiman , Wang Manxiang , Wei Ming , Liu Jiacai , Li Ruifang
Published: February 2021

The design of a grounding system is influenced by the soil conductivity. The cost of a ground grid in areas with different soil resistivities varies from tens to hundreds of times to achieve the same ground resistance. Existing studies have found that the electrical performance of soil changes suddenly with the change in water contents. However, it can only be assumed macroscopically that this change is caused by the connectivity of water distribution. Neither this assumption can be confirmed nor any critical conditions can be defined. This paper presents a mathematical study of soil conductivity from a microscopic point of view, known as the micro‐element statistical method. The method uses scientific statistical analysis to study the apparent conductivity of water elements in soil and is used to conclude that the apparent conductivity at the micro level is exponentially distributed. Based on the relationship between the mean of apparent conductivity distribution and water contents, the critical condition of soil resistivity mutation is defined, and the mechanism of soil resistivity change is explained. The method presented in this work can be used to study the influence of temperature, ion type concentration, solid particle type and pore structure on soil conductivity by changing the corresponding conditions and material type.
Synthesised fractional‐order PD controller design for fractional‐order time‐delay systems based on improved robust stability surface analysis
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Liu Lu , Chen Yang Quan , Xue Dingyu
Published: February 2021

An improved robust stability surface analysis method is proposed in this study for fractional‐order time‐delay systems. Through the stabilisation process, a synthesised fractional‐order PD controller can be designed with guaranteed robustness specifications. Firstly, the specification for improved robustness requirements is proposed. In order to find selectable robust controller design parameter combinations for the controlled system, stability region is discussed based on the stability boundary locus, and the robust stability surface is derived straight after. Secondly, the selectable parameter combinations are checked to find the one that best fulfils all the proposed robustness specifications. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the presented control algorithm.
Regional non‐intrusive electric vehicle monitoring based on graph signal processing
Authors: Li Jiahang , Li Ran , Wang Shuangyuan , Xiang Yue , Gu Yunjie
Published: February 2021

Electricity network is leading to a low carbon future with high penetration of plug‐in electric vehicles (EVs). However, it is extraordinarily difficult to acquire detailed information on regional EV electrification with an incomplete monitoring system for network operators. In this study, a flexible graph signal processing (GSP)‐based non‐intrusive monitoring on aggregated EVs is proposed to enhance the EVs visibility for operating power system safely and cost‐efficiently. It can deduce the individual EV charging status with the highest possibility iteratively from the limited dataset using a GSP‐based possibility calculation after processing a daytime EV characteristic charging patterns. The experiment is developed with realistic EV charging datasets collected in London, and the results show the daily EVs number in a specific region of 500 EVs daily aggregation can be estimated efficiently with an around 4.77% value of relative mean absolute deviation applying the proposed method.
Cu2O hollow microspheres as electrode materials for non‐enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Yihui , Wu Xiujuan , Zhang Hao , Huang Shan , Yang Ying , Xie Adi , Wang Mingyan
Published: February 2021

An enzyme‐free glucose electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity is highly attractive. In this work, an enzyme‐free glucose sensor with Cu2O hollow microspheres (Cu2O HMs) was prepared via hydrothermal method. The glucose sensor constructed by the prepared Cu2O HM structure exhibited a low detection limit of 0.13 μM, a high sensitivity of 277.1 μA/mM cm2, and the wide linear ranges of 0.05–1.5 and 1.5–6.0 mM. Furthermore, anti‐interference tests indicated that the prepared sensor exhibited good selectivity for glucose and practical application in human serum. The Cu2O sensor has great application potential in the development of enzyme‐free glucose sensor.
The LOFAR LBA Sky Survey
Authors: de Gasperin F. , Williams W. L. , Best P. , Brüggen M. , Brunetti G. , Cuciti V. , Dijkema T. J. , Hardcastle M. J. , Norden M. J. , Offringa A. , Shimwell T. , van Weeren R. , Bomans D. , Bonafede A. , Botteon A. , Callingham J. R. , Cassano R. , Chyży K. T. , Emig K. L. , Edler H. , Haverkorn M. , Heald G. , Heesen V. , Iacobelli M. , Intema H. T. , Kadler M. , Małek K. , Mevius M. , Miley G. , Mingo B. , Morabito L. K. , Sabater J. , Morganti R. , Orrú E. , Pizzo R. , Prandoni I. , Shulevski A. , Tasse C. , Vaccari M. , Zarka P. , Röttgering H.
Published: February 2021

Context. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is the only radio telescope that is presently capable of high-sensitivity, high-resolution (i.e. < 1 mJy beam−1 and < 15″) observations at ultra-low frequencies (< 100 MHz). To utilise these capabilities, the LOFAR Surveys Key Science Project is undertaking a large survey to cover the entire northern sky with Low Band Antenna (LBA) observations.

Aims. The LOFAR LBA Sky Survey (LoLSS) aims to cover the entire northern sky with 3170 pointings in the frequency range between 42 − 66 MHz, at a resolution of 15″ and at a sensitivity of 1 mJy beam−1 (1σ). In this work, we outline the survey strategy, the observational status, and the calibration techniques. We also briefly describe several of our scientific motivations and present the preliminary public data release.

Methods. The preliminary images were produced using a fully automated pipeline aimed at correcting all direction-independent effects in the data. Whilst the direction-dependent effects, such as those from the ionosphere, have not yet been corrected, the images presented in this work are still ten times more sensitive than previous available surveys at these low frequencies.

Results. The preliminary data release covers 740 deg2 around the HETDEX spring field region at an angular resolution of 47″ with a median noise level of 5 mJy beam−1. The images and the catalogue of 25 247 sources have been publicly released. We demonstrate that the system is capable of reaching a root mean square (rms) noise of 1 mJy beam−1 and an angular resolution of 15″ once direction-dependent effects are accounted for.

Conclusions. LoLSS will provide the ultra-low-frequency information for hundreds of thousands of radio sources, providing critical spectral information and producing a unique data set that can be used for a wide range of science topics, such as the search for high redshift galaxies and quasars, the study of the magnetosphere of exoplanets, and the detection of the oldest populations of cosmic-rays in galaxies, clusters of galaxies, as well as those produced by active galactic nuclei.
Conservation status and a novel restoration of the endangered freshwater musselUnio crassusPhilipsson, 1788: Poland case
Authors: Soroka Marianna , Wasowicz Barbara , Zając Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Bivalves play an important part in freshwater ecosystems and improve water quality; the thick-shelled river musselUnio crassusis classified as a bioindicator. Unfortunately, the species is regarded as endangered and is under species protection in the whole of Europe. The reasons for the drastic decline of its populations are: considerable eutrophication of waters, anthropogenic influence in its broad sense and the presence of invasive species. The life cycle ofU. crassusincludes the stage of larva which is an obligatory parasite of fish. This makes it possible for the species to disperse and populate new territories but it limits the development to places where appropriate host species are available. Intensive measures have been taken in Poland to protectU. crassus, while in France numerous new localities of the species have been bar-coded. In 2010–2014 active protection measures were taken in southern Poland, including inventorying, studies of genetic diversity and reintroductions. The project contributed to the increase in population abundance and in the number of localities of the thick-shelled river mussel, which resulted in a twofold increase in the range of occurrence of the species in the river. The procedures presented here can and should be used in further restitution ofU. crassusnot only in Poland but also elsewhere in Europe.
Temporary turbine and reservoir level management to improve downstream migration of juvenile salmon through a hydropower complex
Authors: Tétard Stéphane , Roy Romain , Teichert Nils , Rancon Jocelyn , Courret Dominique
Published: February 2021

Developing management rules to improve downstream migration of salmon smolts in large hydropower plants is essential to limit mortality and migration delay. A 2-year telemetry study was conducted to assess the efficiency of temporary measures to enhance the safety and speed of juvenile salmon passage through the Poutès dam (Allier River, France). 124 smolts were tracked through the reservoir and downstream of the dam, during implementation of turbine modulation and/or shutdown during night and reservoir level lowering. Level lowering significantly reduced median residence time from 3.4 days to 4.4 hours. However, even with high spill during turbine modulation, the risk of smolt being drawn toward the turbines was increased at low reservoir level due to the site's configuration, greater proximity to the surface and weak repulsive effect of the rack. Moreover, results revealed that a substantial proportion of smolts can migrate during daytime and twilight during floods, even at the beginning of the migration period. Thus targeted turbine shutdown has a good potential to protect smolts, but implementation requires studies taking account of site specificities and a flexible approach.
Near-shore distribution of alien Ponto-Caspian amphipods in a European dam reservoir in relation to substratum type and occurrence of macroinvertebrate taxa
Authors: Poznańska-Kakareko Małgorzata , Lis Milena , Kakareko Tomasz , Augustyniak Mateusz , Kłosiński Piotr , Kobak Jarosław
Published: February 2021

Knowledge of habitat requirements and interspecific interactions of invasive species helps predict their impact and spread. We determined the relationships within the invasive freshwater Ponto-Caspian amphipod assemblage, and their associations with macroinvertebrates in the near-shore zone of a central European lowland dam reservoir. We sampled five habitat types: bare sand at the water line, bare sand (0.2 m depth), bare sand (0.5 m depth), macrophyte-overgrown sand (1 m depth), stones (0.3 m depth) on four dates (October 2015–October 2016).Pontogammarus robustoidesoccurred in all habitats,Dikerogammarus villosusandEchinogammarus ischnuswere limited to the stony bottom. Amphipod densities were positively associated with one another exceptDikerogammarusjuveniles, negatively correlated with adults. The occurrence ofD. villosus,juvenileDikerogammarusandE. ischnuswas positively related to the presence of the shelter-forming bivalveDreissena polymorpha.Pontogammarus robustoideswas positively associated with sphaeriid clams and gastropods (shelters), as well as oligochaetes and chironomids (potential prey items).DikerogammarusvillosusandE. ischnuswere positively related to chironomids and oligochaetes, respectively. Coexistence of various alien amphipods in the studied area, indicated by prevailing positive relationships in their assemblage, may be enabled by the abundance of shelters and rich food sources allowing habitat partitioning.
Die Zukunft der nephrologischen Fachpflege
Authors: Szablyar Beatrice
Published: February 2021

Das Grundprinzip der Hämodialyse hat sich im Laufe ihrer kurzen Geschichte nicht verändert. Wesentliche Fortschritte in der Gerätetechnik, insbesondere die Volumensteuerung, haben aber für die Patienten eine viel bessere Verträglichkeit der Behandlung und für das Pflegepersonal eine vereinfachte Durchführung bewirkt. Eine vollständige Automatisierung ist jedoch nicht möglich, und so bleibt die Hämodialyse eine anspruchsvolle, personal- und zeitaufwendige Therapie, bei der viele pflegerische Leistungen direkt am Patienten erbracht werden müssen. Substanzielle Verbesserungen sind v. a. durch eine optimale Gestaltung der zahlreichen Nebenprozesse – z. B. Lagerhaltung und Dokumentation – möglich und nötig, um auch in Zukunft trotz begrenzter Personalressourcen in der Pflege die Dialysepatienten optimal zu versorgen.
Joint Statement (DZK, DGRh, DDG) on the Tuberculosis Risk with Treatment Using Novel Non-TNF-Alpha Biologicals
Authors: Diel R. , Schaberg T. , Nienhaus A. , Otto-Knapp R. , Kneitz C. , Krause A. , Fabri M. , Mrowietz U. , Bauer T. , Häcker B.
Published: February 2021

Background While the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation is adequately documented in relation to TNF-alpha inhibitors (TNFi), the question of what the tuberculosis risk is for newer, non-TNF biologics (non-TNFi) has not been thoroughly addressed.

Methods We conducted a systematic review of randomized phase 2 and phase 3 studies, and long-term extensions of same, published through March 2019. Of interest was information pertaining to screening and treating of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) in association with the use of 12 particular non-TNFi. Only rituximab was excluded. We searched MEDLINE and the ClinicalTrial.gov database for any and all candidate studies meeting these criteria.

Results 677 citations were retrieved; 127 studies comprising a total of 34,293 patients who received non-TNFi were eligible for evaluation. Only 80 out of the 127 studies, or 63 %, captured active TB (or at least opportunistic diseases) as potential outcomes and 25 TB cases were reported. More than two thirds of publications (86/127, 68 %) mentioned LTBI screening prior to inclusion of study participants in the respective trial, whereas in only 4 studies LTBI screening was explicitly considered redundant. In 21 studies, patients with LTBI were generally excluded from the trials and in 42 out of the 127 trials, or 33 %, latently infected patients were reported to receive preventive therapy (PT) at least 3 weeks prior to non-TNFi treatment.

Conclusions The lack of information in many non-TNFi studies on the number of patients with LTBI who were either excluded prior to participating or had been offered PT hampers assessment of the actual TB risk when applying the novel biologics. Therefore, in case of insufficient information about drugs or drug classes, the existing recommendations of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis should be applied in the same way as is done prior to administering TNFi. Well designed, long-term “real world” register studies on TB progression risk in relation to individual substances for IGRA-positive cases without prior or concomitant PT may help to reduce selection bias and to achieve valid conclusions in the future.
HP-Psych: Sinn und Profil eines Spezialisten
Authors: Textor Reinhard
Published: February 2021

Seit 1993 existiert neben dem Beruf des Heilpraktikers der des Heilpraktikers Psychotherapie, kurz HP-Psych, dessen Prüfung und Tätigkeit sich auf psychologische Grundlagen beziehen. Der Beruf trifft heute auf eine gesellschaftliche Situation, die von zunehmender allgemeiner Angst, Wut und Depression gekennzeichnet ist. Zu den entscheidenden Vorteilen des HP-Psych zählen kurzfristige Terminvergabe, geringe Bürokratie, Therapiefreiheit und eine hohe Motivation und Verbindlichkeit im Therapeut-Patient-Verhältnis.
Benefit of Static FET PET in Pretreated Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients with Equivocal Conventional MRI Results
Authors: Grosse Frederik , Wedel Florian , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm , Steffen Ingo , Koch Arend , Brenner Winfried , Plotkin Michail , Driever Pablo Hernáiz
Published: February 2021

Background MRI has shortcomings in differentiation between tumor tissue and post-therapeutic changes in pretreated brain tumor patients.

Patients We assessed 22 static FET-PET/CT-scans of 17 pediatric patients (median age 12 years, range 2–16 years, ependymoma n=4, medulloblastoma n=4, low-grade glioma n=6, high-grade glioma n=3, germ cell tumor n=1, choroid plexus tumor n=1, median follow-up: 112 months) with multimodal treatment.

Method FET-PET/CT-scans were analyzed visually by 3 independent nuclear medicine physicians. Additionally quantitative FET-Uptake for each lesion was determined by calculating standardized uptake values (SUVmaxT/SUVmeanB, SUVmeanT/SUVmeanB). Histology or clinical follow-up served as reference.

Results Static FET-PET/CT reliably distinguished between tumor tissue and post-therapeutic changes in 16 out of 17 patients. It identified correctly vital tumor tissue in 13 patients and post-therapeutic changes in 3 patients. SUV-based analyses were less sensitive than visual analyses. Except from a choroid plexus carcinoma, all tumor entities showed increased FET-uptake.

Discussion Our study comprises a limited number of patients but results corroborate the ability of FET to detect different brain tumor entities in pediatric patients and discriminate between residual/recurrent tumor and post-therapeutic changes.

Conclusions We observed a clear benefit from additional static FET-PET/CT-scans when conventional MRI identified equivocal lesions in pretreated pediatric brain tumor patients. These results warrant prospective studies that should include dynamic scans.
Aktuelles von der EDTNA/ERCA
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: February 2021

Ein gutes, gesundes, erfolgreiches Jahr 2021 wünsche ich Ihnen allen! 2020 war das Jahr der Pflegenden und Hebammen – und was für eines. Aufmerksamkeit erregten unsere Berufsgruppen nicht durch sorgfältig geplante Aktionen. Vielmehr machten Bilder von uns in kompletter PSA (persönlicher Schutzausrüstung) und Schildern mit „Wir bleiben für euch da. Bleibt ihr zu Hause.“ die Medienrunde. In der Öffentlichkeit wurde für uns geklatscht und Versprechungen gemacht. Der Arbeitsalltag jedoch war geprägt von hohem Arbeitsaufkommen mit PSA-Engpässen, täglich neuen Erkenntnissen, Vorschriften und Hygieneplänen sowie vielen Unsicherheiten bei Patienten/-innen und Kollegen/-innen. Das Jahr hat uns viel abverlangt – und COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) wird unseren Alltag noch eine Weile begleiten. Mit meinen guten Wünschen für das neue Jahr möchte ich Ihnen Helen Noble‘s Webinar über Achtsamkeit ans Herz legen. Es ist auf der EDTNA/ERCA-Homepage abrufbar.