bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOTELS RECOMMENDATION METHODS BASED ON PATTERN RECOGNITION AND FACTORIZATION MACHINES
Authors: CHEN Y. , YAO D.
Published: March 2021

The traditional recommendation methods for hotels usually compute rating similarity and make recommendation based on collaborative filtering algorithm. It is due to having no consideration of the tourist’ and hotels’ multi-faceted attributes. Thus, the accuracy of recommendation would be affected. To solve this problem, a series of formal methods are adopted to define the various attributes of hotels and tourists. To begin with it, get hotel star factor, hotel hardware facilities, cost performance, geographical location and the characters of the preference of the star of the tourists, and after that a partial weighting model is used to compute a recommended label value. Finally, the factorization machines (FMs) is used to make recommendations. The experimental results show that the proposed methods can solve data sparseness problem to some extent. Additionally, both its recommendation and ranking accuracy are better than those of the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm, which can improve the tourist satisfaction in personalized hotels recommendation.
THE MECHANISM AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE INTERFERENCE OF HIGH VOLTAGE LINES TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM
Authors: FAN L. J. , PAN X. C. , HUANG Z. X. , ZU X. D.
Published: March 2021

This essay conducts the mechanism analysis and experimental study on the interference of high voltage lines to the navigation system of UAV and shows that the essence of the interference is that air becomes corona plasma after the ionization under high voltage. In addition, when GPS signals pass through this area, some frequency channel will be absorbed. Therefore, the propagation of electromagnetic waves is prevented. The UAV tries to get GPS positioning signal by flying through high voltage area in a low height, resulting in the loss of GPS signal received by the navigation system. Through the measurement and comparison of the electromagnetic wave spectrum traveled through corona plasma, the corona plasma’s absorbing of electromagnetic wave is observed.
ESTIMATION OF THE BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL PARAMETER USING BOOTSTRAP RE-SAMPLING
Authors: LI R. , ZHOU J. , WANG L.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the non-parametric bootstrap and non-parametric Bayesian bootstrap methods are applied for parameter estimation in the binary logistic regression model. A real data study and a simulation study are conducted to compare the Nonparametric bootstrap, Non-parametric Bayesian bootstrap and the maximum likelihood methods. Study results shows that three methods are all effective ways for parameter estimation in the binary logistic regression model. In small sample case, the non-parametric Bayesian bootstrap method performs relatively better than the non-parametric bootstrap and the maximum likelihood method for parameter estimation in the binary logistic regression model.
APPLICATION OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF GEAR FAULT IN μ-SVD NOISE REDUCTION ALGORITHM DIAGNOSIS
Authors: PEI W. C. , LONG H. Y. , LI Y. G. , JI H. C. , WANG L. , ZHANG S.
Published: March 2021

In order to extract the fault features of mechanical equipment submerged by strong background noise, a general subspace denoising algorithm based on Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to process the signal, that is, μ-SVD denoising algorithm. This algorithm overcomes the disadvantage of traditional wavelet threshold denoising algorithm, which only deals with the wavelet coefficients point by point and ignores the whole structure of the wavelet coefficients. The traditional SVD denoising algorithm is a special case when Lagrange multiplier μ = 0 in μ-SVD denoising algorithm. μ-SVD denoising algorithm includes filter factor, which can suppress the contribution of singular value dominated by noise contribution to the signal after denoising. The parameter selection method of μ-SVD denoising algorithm is discussed, and the influence of denoising order and Lagrange multiplier on denoising effect is emphatically studied. The test results of gear fault simulation signal and gear fault vibration signal at the early stage show that μ-SVD denoising algorithm is better than traditional SVD denoising algorithm in denoising effect. It can extract gear fault features better under strong background noise.
RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM OPTIMIZATION OF ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: LIU X. H. , WANG E. X. , ZHENG Y. Q.
Published: March 2021

The optimization of random forest algorithms for enterprise financial information management systems is studied in this paper. A random forest algorithm was proposed to improve the data processing capabilities of the financial system. This paper proposes a random forest model on the premise of referring to the latest results of machine learning. The algorithm was introduced into the real estate business financial management system in this paper. First, the samples are divided into training samples and test samples, and the direct prediction method and the two-step prediction method are applied. Mean SR and MAPE were used to compare the prediction accuracy of different algorithms and it was found that the direct prediction method is better. In the algorithm used in this paper, the random forest effect is the best. Then the linear regression, decision tree, neural network and random forest model fitting effects were compared and the best fitting degree of random forest was found.
DATA MINING ALGORITHM BASED ON CLOUD COMPUTING
Authors: HAO Y. J.
Published: March 2021

The data mining algorithm based on cloud computing is studied and analyzed in this paper. Firstly, the research status and background of the data mining algorithms based on cloud computing are introduced briefly. Secondly, the design of Hash algorithm under cellular neural network is introduced which is needed in this paper. Next, the design of wavelet data compression algorithm for wireless sensor networks is described. Finally, the experimental results and the optimization similarity analysis are obtained. The analysis results show that the data mining algorithm based on cloud computing constructed in this paper plays an important role in data mining, and can improve the data mining algorithm of cloud computing and the development level of cloud computing technology and big data technology to some extent.
EQUIPMENT PRICE FORECAST BASED ON T-S FUZZY NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: JIANG G. P. , XIE L. , SUN S. X.
Published: March 2021

As we all know, the factors affecting the price of equipment are more complicated, but these factors still have a great correlation. How can we accurately predict the price of equipment? Based on the study of the tight support and smoothness of wavelet function, this paper proposes a correlation variable weight wavelet neural network algorithm to predict the price of 162 devices. The test results show that if the weight is not reduced, the predicted price is 0, and the error is still large. However, by arranging the data from small to large, the variable weighted wavelet neural network algorithm is used to predict the result closer to the auction price, which overcomes the incompatibility of the algorithm iteration and provides a reference for accurately predicting the price of the device.
THERMAL AND MASS DIFFUSIVE STUDIES ON A MOVING CYLINDER ENTRENCHED IN A POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: LOGANATHAN P. , DHIVYA M.
Published: March 2021

A numerical investigation is accomplished for an unsteady laminar free convective flow of a viscous incompressible fluid over an impulsively started semi-infinite vertical cylinder embedded in a porous medium. The level of temperature and concentration at the surface area of the cylinder are assumed to vary as functions of power law type, in the axial coordinate. The problem is governed by a system of coupled nonlinear boundary layer equations with appropriate variable surface boundary conditions and the numerical results are obtained using an implicit finite difference scheme of Crank-Nicholson type. The effects of physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and also on local and mean skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are interpreted graphically. It is observed that the variable temperature and concentration exists in the boundary of cylinder relegates the rate of heat and mass transfer.
Impact of Socio-Economic Variables on Life Expectancy: An Empirical Study for 138 Countries
Authors: MOURAD Mahmoud
Published: March 2021

This study has examined the impact of mortality rate of children under five years of age (MORRATE), physicians (PMP), health expenditure per person (HEPP), access to electricity (AELEC) and GDP per capita on life expectancy at birth (LEB) for one hundred and thirty-eight countries taken as cross-sectional data. The MORRATE ranged from 2.4 to 160.2 (per 1,000 people), thus reflecting an inequality in LEB which fluctuates between 44.8 and 82.8. The PMP varies from 0.01 to 7.74, the HEPP between 16.92 and 8264 USD, the AELEC between 4.1% to 100% and finally the GDP per capita oscillates between 326.6 and 102,863 USD. The multiple linear regression model is estimated using the OLS method and several tests for heteroscedasticity are performed. The null hypothesis of homoscedasticity is rejected and therefore the Weighted Generalized Least Squares) WGLS) method is used to produce unbiased, efficient and consistent estimators. The results showed a negative impact of MORRATE on LEB. A single increase in the number of deceased children leads to a decrease of about 2.12 months in LEB. The HEPP has a positive impact on LEB, so if HEPP rises to 100 USD then the LEB rises by 33 days approximately. When introducing four binary variables characterizing the five continents, and taking Oceania as a reference, the life expectancy in an African country will be about 2.4 years less than the LEB reference. For the other continents, it seems that the values of LEB are very close.
Normkritisk barnlitteratur på svenska förskolor. En intervjustudie
Authors: Hermansson Kristina , Nordenstam Anna
Published: March 2021

På svenska förskolor används i dag barnlitteratur utgiven av så kallat normkritiska förlag både som en del av litteraturarbetet och värdegrundsarbetet. Syftet med denna artikel är att belysa förskollärares uppfattningar och erfarenheter av normkritisk litteratur i förskolan. På förskolor i tre olika delar av Sverige har sju pedagoger intervjuats om sina erfarenheter av och tankar kring att läsa och arbeta med normkritiska böcker, liksom om deras betydelse och funktion i relation till barnlitteratur generellt i förskolans verksamhet. Resultatet presenteras i tre avdelningar: 1) Vad och varför? Litteratursyn och litteratururval 2) Hur? Pedagogiskt handlednings-material 3) För vem? Strategier för att hantera stereotyper. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna betonar mångfald och igenkänning. De lyfter fram olika sätt som de hanterar stereotyper på, som att ändra eller ta bort ord under högläsning. Det pedagogiska handledningsmaterialet uppfattas som en värdefull resurs. Teoretiskt utgår artikeln från Rita Felskis resonemang om litteraturläsning och bruk av litteratur, framförallt de aspekter som rör igenkänning och kunskap.
Utopian Views: Paolo Mantegazza's Techniques of the (Im)Possible
Authors: Göschl Albert
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the depiction of the impossible in Paolo Mantegazza's L'anno 3000 (1897). Starting from the literary theory of possible worlds, it will be shown that the depiction of the impossible in Mantegazza's novel is associated with specific technologies that implicate different types of perception. The three forms of perception developed in the novel (transparent, panoptic, and psychoscopic) move from possible to highly impossible depictions regarding the scientific culture of fin de siècle Italy.
Equality, Liberty, and Fraternity: The Relevance of Edward Bellamy's Utopia for Contemporary Political Theory
Authors: Lizárraga Fernando Alberto
Published: March 2021

Contemporary political theories have made significant progress toward identifying the principles for an egalitarian society. From this perspective, Edward Bellamy's radical and pluralistic egalitarianism can be read not only as a relevant precedent but as a source of sophisticated arguments capable of enriching current debates. Although unfairly overlooked as theoretical works, Bellamy's utopias can be read today as offering insights that bring together and combine key modern ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Therefore, this article argues that Bellamy's conception of equality involves several dimensions and functions as a background condition for effective (republican and liberal) freedoms; that these liberties are not at odds with voluntary equality; and that fraternity—understood in Rawlsian terms—makes sense in a free and equal soci- ety, as it is guaranteed both by institutional means and by personal decisions.
Crítica y resistencias: ¿Cuáles son las trincheras posibles?
Authors: Campana Alabarce Melisa
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo pretende contribuir a la discusión teórico-epistemológica, pero también ético-política de dos categorías clave del Trabajo Social Crítico, como son las de crítica y resistencia. Para ello, analiza tres conjuntos de problemas a partir de los cuales se organizan los tres apartados del texto, a saber: I. Sujeto y subjetivación: el problema de la serie autonomía-tutela-responsabilidad; II. Los afectos, las alianzas: el problema de inventar lo común; III. Des-colonizar el dolor y la alegría: el problema del imperativo de felicidad.
Trabajo social y crítica marxista
Authors: Siqueira Da Silva José Fernando
Published: March 2021

Este artículo ofrece elementos esenciales para un provechoso debate entre el trabajo social, Marx y la diversa tradición a él asociada. Lo hace considerando las múltiples tensiones entre una profesión típica de la era monopolista-imperialista del capital y una teoría social crítica al capitalismo como orden social, que ha permitido la reproducción ampliada del capital en las condiciones históricas y particulares de América Latina. El objetivo de este texto es elaborar algunos apuntes que establezcan un debate propositivo entre una profesión que actúa en la gestión de las múltiples tensiones sociales creadas y recreadas en el marco del capitalismo mundial como orden social metabólico, y una tradición teórica cuyo legado es anticapitalista progresista. Aunque este diálogo no sea tranquilo, además de repleto de trampas, se trata de debate absolutamente importante para cautivar la tradición más crítica del trabajo social en América Latina y estimular estudios e intervenciones sociales construidos a partir de la vida concreta de los pueblos latinoamericanos.
Historiografías del Trabajo Social Sudafricano: desafiando los discursos dominantes
Authors: Smith Linda
Published: March 2021

La tarea de examinar los orígenes y el desarrollo del trabajo social está plagada de narrativas en disputa. En Sudáfrica prevalecen los discursos individualistas, liberales, coloniales, masculinos y “blancos”. Desde una perspectiva histórico-dialéctica, en vez de narrar el “progreso” cronológico de la profesión y disciplina, se enfatiza en cómo las dinámicas sociopolíticas y económicas dan forma al trabajo social, que a su vez tiene un papel en la configuración de dichas dinámicas. Se cuestiona la ficción de registros puramente centrados en las ideas de progreso y libertad de elección, y se develan discursos hegemónicos y contrahegemónicos. Se insta a las/os trabajadores sociales a que se comprometan con toda la complejidad de los acontecimientos que surgen de los antagonismos de clase y raza de la sociedad sudafricana. para cautivar la tradición más crítica del trabajo social en América Latina y estimular estudios e intervenciones sociales construidos a partir de la vida concreta de los pueblos latinoamericanos.
Implementing social media into nursing education
Authors: Ryan Meagan
Published: March 2021

Social media is an aspect of everyday life for many undergraduate nursing students and can also be beneficial from an education perspective. Popular social media platforms can be used as often as daily for many nursing students. The emergence of Generation Z (born between 2995-2010) as the predominant population of nursing students calls for a shift in pedagogical approaches; one that accommodates the needs of the unique demographic. This narrative literature review examines how social media can provide an effective pedagogical tool to engage the modern undergraduate nursing student by providing a platform for accessible educational activities, fostering professional identity and encourages virtual professionalism for this unique Generation. Guided by a constructivist approach and the Social Media for Learning (SM4L) framework, this pedagogical approach could foster student engagement and promote appropriate use of social media in the personal and professional lives of nursing students. Additionally, these innovative nurses can enter the workforce prepared to use social media tools to disseminate health information and patient teaching appropriately and professionally, providing better access and improved care for patients.
The method of fundamental harmonic frequency determination
Authors: Szczepański Tomasz , Traczyk Stanisław , Dziedziak Paweł
Published: March 2021

Analysis of vibroacoustic signals is one of the more frequently used mechanical devices diagnostic methods occurring among others in car diagnostics. Often, it happens that the most important element of the recorded course is the fundamental harmonic frequency of vibrations. Fundamental frequency indicates the main process related to the operation of the device and allows to follow its course. In the article the author's method of determining the fundamental frequency in the signal will be presented which is the subject of a patent application. Its theoretical basis and application examples were discussed comparing the accuracy of its use with the accuracy of other methods. The frequency range where the method finds application is shown. That is, where its accuracy turns out to be better than the accuracy of popular used methods to fundamental harmonic frequency determination.
Concept of improving shipping processes on a selected example
Authors: Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Sołoducha Patrycja
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to analyze and develop a concept for improving selected forwarding processes, using a shipping company, as an example through the use of the available modern technologies. In the first part of the work, the processes requiring improvement were identified. For this purpose, process maps have been developed. Then, based on the data from the company, the average time for the implementation of selected processes by an employee was calculated. The following section presents a proposal to improve the analyzed processes. Based on the company's data and assumptions for calculations, a forecast for the improvement of the selected processes is prepared. It has been shown that the proposed solutions may contribute to shortening the employee's working time by approx. 2 hours, which will translate into an increase in the employee's efficiency by approx. 40%.
Breeding Vegetables for Nutritional Security
Authors: Rajasree V. , Pugalendhi L.
Published: March 2021

The most dominant vegetables in the global food economy are tomato, cucurbits, (pumpkin, squash, cucumber and gherkin), allium (onion, shallot, garlic) and chili. These vegetables are consumed in nearly all countries although with much variation in shape, size, color and taste, while the marketing of global vegetables accounts for significant revenue streams, traditional vegetables often have superior nutritional properties. Biodiversity is considered essential for food security and nutrition and can contribute to the achievement through improved dietary choices and positive health impacts Through conventional breeding approach, it is possible to develop new vegetable varieties or integrate the favorable genes for neutraceuticals, bioactive compounds and edible color into cultivated varieties. Advances in molecular biology and recombinant technology have paved the way for enhancing the pace of special trait variety development using marker assisted breeding and designing new vegetable crop plants following transgenic approach.
An Emerging Solution for Detection of Phishing Attacks
Authors: Kumar Sahoo Prasanta
Published: March 2021

In this era of computer age, as more and more people use internet to carry out their day to day work so as hackers performs various security attacks on web browsers and servers to steal user’s vital data. Now Electronic mail (E-mail) is used by everyone including organizations, agency and becoming official communication for the society as a whole in day to day basis. Even though a lot of modern techniques, tools and prevention methods are being developed to secure the users vital information but still they are prone to security attacks by the fraudsters. Phishing is one such attack and its detection with high accuracy is one of the prominent research issues in the area of cyber security. Phisher fraudulently acquire confidential information like user-id, passwords, visa card and master card details through various social engineering methods. Mostly blacklist based methodology is used for detection of phishing attacks but this method has a limitation that it cannot be used for detection of white listed phishing. This chapter aims to use machine learning algorithms to classify between phishing E-mails and genuine E-mails and helps the user in detecting attacks. The architectural model proposed in this chapter is to identify phishing and use J48 decision tree classifier to classify the fake E-mail from real E-mail. The algorithm presented here goes through several stages to identify phishing attack and helps the user in a great way to protect their vital information.
Are Teacher Students’ Deep Learning and Critical Thinking at Risk of Being Limited in Digital Learning Environments?
Authors: Sollied Madsen Siri , Thorvaldsen Steinar , Sollied Sissel
Published: March 2021

The 21st century is quite different from the 20th in regard to the skills people need for work, citizenship, and self-actualisation. Proficiency in the 21st century differs primarily due to the emergence of sophisticated information and communication technologies. In this chapter, we will discuss whether teaching students are sufficiently prepared regarding the need for 21st century skills and how learning in a digital age affects the need for high-level critical thinking. Based on 20 in-depth interviews of Norwegian and New Zealand teaching educators, teaching students’ low critical thinking skills seem to be understood as a global challenge and as connected to the digital revolution. Despite being from different sides of the globe, teaching educators from both countries expressed concern regarding students’ in-depth learning and critical thinking skills in an educational where learning is influenced by digital technology. This article discusses the dilemmas regarding having easier access to greater amounts of information, which requires a different form of critical thinking. We question whether we are and have been preparing students sufficiently for this educational change.
Decoding the Digital Gap in Teacher Education: Three Perspectives across the Globe
Authors: Thorvaldsen Steinar , Sollied Madsen Siri
Published: March 2021

Educational use of technology is regularly assessed, and results often show a gap between educational policies and what is actually practiced. This chapter will help clarify how teacher educators experience the changing educational contexts due to the digital revolution, how their meaning-making shifts, and how outside forces influence those processes. The results are based on comparative international studies. Central for this study is practitioners’ professional digital competence, their attitudes towards digital technology and the use of digital technology in education. We found that the influence and contribution of digital practice is carried out quite differently across the globe. Our research questions were: How do practitioners experience teaching in a rapidly changing context? How do attitudes change due to top-down governing of education? and What motivates teacher educators to implement digital technology?
Stability Aspects of Non-Dairy Milk Alternatives
Authors: Dhankhar Jyotika , Kundu Preeti
Published: March 2021

In recent years, plant-based milk products, commonly called as non-dairy milk alternatives have gained high popularity due to concerns associated with bovine milk like lactose intolerance, allergies, hypercholesterolemia, and pesticide and antibiotic residues. Important strategies for manufacture of non-dairy milk alternatives involve disintegration of plant materials in aqueous medium; its homogenization and addition of some additives to attain a consistency and appearance similar to that of bovine milk. Different range of ingredients are added to non-dairy milk alternatives such as oils, emulsifiers, thickeners, antioxidants, minerals etc. The main problem associated with non-dairy milk alternatives is generally linked with its stability. Stability is a crucial factor that governs the sensory properties and overall acceptance of non-dairy milk alternatives. Differences in processing parameters and molecular interaction mechanisms affect the stability of emulsions as well as the stability of non-dairy milk manufactured thereof. Various treatments like thermal treatment, non-thermal processing (ultra high pressure homogenization, pulsed electric field, ultrasonication), addition of emulsifiers are effective in achieving the stability of non-dairy milks. The present chapter aims to summarize the various factors contributing to the physical stability of non-dairy milk alternatives like appearance, consistency, emulsion stability, and the approaches required to maintain it.
Role of Pheromone Application Technology for the Management of Codling Moth in High Altitude and Cold Arid Region of Ladakh
Authors: Hussain Barkat , Ahmad Faizaan , Ahmad Ejaz , Yousuf Wasim , Mehdi Mohd
Published: March 2021

The codling moth is a threat to the apple industries in India. Currently, no solutions are available for the management of codling moth in Ladakh. Therefore, all fresh fruits from Ladakh are still banned due to quarantine regulations. Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh are the three main apple producing states of India, both in quality and quantity. The ban on all fresh fruits from Ladakh directly affects the economy of rural populations. These fruits are sold in all the local markets of Kargil and Leh. Apples damaged by the larvae of codling moth are less preferred by inhabitants, tourists, and security forces, a large area of Ladakh is bordered with China and Pakistan. Field demonstration trials revealed significantly less fruit damage in apple orchards in different hamlets of Ladakh using pheromone dispensers, pheromone baited traps, and two applications of insecticides for codling moth management. A demonstration of the use of pheromone and pheromone dispenser technology for area-wide management for high dense populations of the codling moth in Ladakh has revealed successful results in the orchards of the apple growers. Area-wide management of the codling moth in some villages, using dispenser technology has shown promising results. The ban of fresh fruits in Ladakh may not be, therefore, appropriate as management of the codling moth appears to be successful with the use of pheromone dispenser technology. This technology will, surely, boost the apple industry and have a great potential for establishing commercial orchards and quality apples in high altitudes in the second-highest cold arid region of the world.
Artificial Light at Night: A Global Threat to Plant Biological Rhythms and Eco-Physiological Processes
Authors: Sodani Rekha , Nandan Mishra Udit , Chand Subhash , Indu  , Anuragi Hirdayesh , Chandra Kailash , Chauhan Jyoti , Bose Bandana , Kumar Vivek , Shankar Singh Gopal , Lenka Devidutta , Kumar Singhal Rajesh
Published: March 2021

Light is crucial environmental factor for primary resource and signalling in plants and provide optimum fitness under fluctuating environments from millions of year. However, due to urbanization, and human development activities lot of excess light generated in environment during night time and responsible for anthropogenic generated pollution (ALAN; artificial night light pollution). This pollution has cause for serious problem in plants as it affects their processes and functions which are under the control of light or diurnal cycle. Plant biorhythms mostly diurnal rhythms such as stomatal movements, photosynthetic activity, and many more metabolic processes are under the control of period of light and dark, which are crucially affected by artificial light at night. Similarly, the crucial plant processes such as pollination, flowering, and yield determining processes are controlled by the diurnal cycle and ALAN affects these processes and ultimately hampers the plant fitness and development. To keep in mind the effect of artificial light at night on plant biorhythm and eco-physiological processes, this chapter will focus on the status of global artificial night light pollution and the responsible factors. Further, we will explore the details mechanisms of plant biorhythm and eco-physiological processes under artificial light at night and how this mechanism can be a global threat. Then at the end we will focus on the ANLP reducing strategies such as new light policy, advanced lightening technology such as remote sensing and lightening utilisation optimisation.
Mitigation of Emissions through Injection Strategies for C I Engine
Authors: N. Nair Jayashri
Published: March 2021

Fuel conversion efficiency is high with diesel engines compared to petrol engines. However high emissions from diesel is a matter of concern and its mitigation paves way for scope of research. Exhaust gas recirculation is one of the method widely accepted to curb NOx emissions. Recently, split or multiple-injection strategy has been explored by researchers to precisely control the fuel injected per cycle and also to mitigate emissions. Present work reflects technical review of effect of injection strategies on performance, emissions and combustion on C.I. engine with diesel and biodiesel as fuel. Injection strategies like duration of injection, number of injections, the dwell period between two injections, quantity of injection, and multiple injections are analyzed for their influence on engine output and brake specific fuel consumption. Also their effect on emissions especially soot and NOx emission are reviewed. First the effect of injection strategies with diesel fuel is discussed followed by biodiesel.
Health Benefits of Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Trajkovska Petkoska Anka , Trajkovska-Broach Anita
Published: March 2021

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), also called the “Elixir of the youth and health” by the Ancient Greeks, is a cornerstone in the Mediterranean diet, which has been recognized as one of the healthiest and most sustainable dietary pattern and lifestyle. In this chapter, a brief overview of the major and minor components of EVOO is given followed by a review of their health benefits. In particular, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and cardiovascular protective effects of EVOO are emphasized. At the end of this chapter, the reader would benefit by realizing that EVOO, as a functional food, proves the Hippocrates’s quote “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”.
Air Pollution, Health and Perception
Authors: Dandotiya Banwari
Published: March 2021

This chapter provides a general overview of the effects air pollution, pollutant sources in different regions and role of perception in assessment of pollution level and different health effects. The discussion in this chapter focuses basically on the different dimensions related to air pollution such as climatic and meteorological effects, anthropogenic and natural sources, ecosystem disturbances and their interrelationship in context of air quality. Basically, climate disturbances may be responsible for pollution episodes of certain regions. Discussions related to seasonal variations in air quality also included because seasonal meteorological elements exert different effects in different climatic regions. Air pollutants are emitted by a number of sources in the atmosphere such as urbanization, industrialization, transportation, and population growth, so these contributing factors and its effects of climatic events like temperature, wind speed and seasonal disturbances are relatively described in this chapter.
Evaluation of the Quality of Life and Related Factors in the Nursing Staff of Selected Hospitals in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Sadeghpour Tabaei Ali , Najafikhah Mohammad Ali , Baharestani Bahador , Bakhshandeh Abkenar Hooman , Sadeghpour Tabaei Sepehr , Naqshbandi Mobin , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Behjati Mohaddeseh
Published: March 2021

Background: There are various ways to improve the quality of life of social groups. Evaluation of these strategies and improvement of the quality of life of nursing staff should be prioritized by the healthcare administration. Objectives: This study aimed to measure the quality of life and related factors in the nursing staff of three selected hospitals. Methods: This periodic descriptive study was conducted on 200 nurses working in three hospitals of Tehran, Iran. The quality of life data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire, and the demographic data were collected and analyzed in SPSS for Windows, version 16 (released in 2007, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Results: The average scores of physical, mental, social, and environmental health were measured in this study. Mental health showed the highest score, whereas environmental health had the lowest score. No significant correlation was found between the nurses’ income level and quality of life. Conclusions: The environmental and social health scores were significantly higher in married women as compared to men. Also, the score of social health was higher in married nurses, regardless of gender. Therefore, improvement of nurses’ quality of life should be prioritized by health managers in healthcare plans in the light of various factors described in this study.
Designing Paris
Authors: Zanten David Van
Published: March 2021

Designing Paris explores the revolution in French architecture that began around 1830 under the leadership of Félix Duban, Henri Labrouste, Louis Duc, and Léon Vaudoyer. It shows how these four architects dominated their profession during the Monarchy of July and the Second Empire of Napoleon III, producing works of elasticity and brilliance not often associated with modern notions of the French Classical tradition, works in which they sought simultaneously to trace the historical evolution of architecture and to explore rational innovations in structure. This reconciliation of historicism and rationalism, Van Zanten observes, bore fruit in the design and construction of public monuments of great individuality, subtlety, and complexity. These became the generative elements of the city of Paris itself as it was transformed during the middle of the nineteenth century, giving rise to the "Beaux-Arts" system of training and design that spread from Paris to the world at large, and to the professional definition of the architect as a public servant. The buildings from the years of the Monarchy 6 of July (1830-1848) that are discussed and illustrated in detail are Duban's designs for the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Labrouste's Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, and Vaudoyer's Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. Three of the monuments that were erected during the Second Empire of Napoleon III (who was overthrown in 1870) are the subject of the book's final chapters: Vaudoyer's Marseilles Cathedral, the only cathedral erected in France in the nineteenth century; Duc's Palais de justice on the Ile de la Cité, one of the centerpieces of Haussmann's Paris; and Labrouste's Bibliothèque Nationale, widely regarded as the most conceptu ally innovative work of this generation. Designing Paris discusses the professional, political, and cultural contexts of these great public monuments and examines their relation to the works of such figures as Charles Gamier and Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc.
Gottfried Semper
Authors: Herrmann Wolfgang
Published: March 2021

Herrmann traces his life, analyzes his writings, including his major work, Der Stil, and presents translations of recently uncovered texts.

Preface by Adolf Max Vogt For the generation after Karl Frederich Schinkel, Gottfried Semper (1803-1879) was the most admired architect in Germany. His buildings, such as the opera houses in Dresden and two museums in Vienna, were outstanding examples of their kind. To later generations, however, Semper is known primarily for his writings. Although Semper is arguably the 19th century's most important theoretician, the subtlety of his thought and the difficulty of his German have kept his works from being translated and his contribution from being assessed until now. Herrmann traces his life, analyzes his writings—in particular his major work, Der Stil and presents translations of recently uncovered texts. Der Stil, long a basic source of ideas for architects, had a profound impact on European modernists and proto-modernists alike. H.P. Berlage, Otto Wagner, Bruno Taut, and Walter Gropius were influenced by it, as were any number of American architects, including Bernard Maybeck and Louis Sullivan. Following the biographical chapters, which clarify the extent to which Semper's strongly held political convictions (he was forced to flee Dresden after the revolution of 1849 failed) informed his ideas about architecture, Herrmann presents the colorful genesis of Der Stil. Through his close reading of the texts, Herrmann brings to light Semper's position on iron, on Gothic and contemporary architecture, on the primitive hut, and on the ideas of the archaeologist Karl B. Cher. Among the previously unpublished manuscripts that conclude the book is material essential to a clear understanding of the ideas developed in Der Stil.

Wolfgang Herrmann has spent most of his professional life in England. Political events forced his exile from Germany in 1933. Since then, he has devoted most of his scholarly career to the study of the theory of architecture and has written books on Laugier and Perrault.
De novo assembly ofAmorpha fruticosaL. transcriptome in response to drought stress provides insight into the tolerance mechanisms
Authors: Sun Xinzhu , Hu Songmiao , Wang Xin , Liu He , Zhou Yun wei , Guan Qingjie
Published: March 2021

Background

Amorpha fruticosaL. is a deciduous shrub that is native to North America and has been introduced to China as an ornamental plant. In order to clarify the drought resistance characteristics ofAmorpha fruticosaL. and excavate the related genes involved in drought resistance regulation pathway, the mechanism of drought resistance stress ofAmorpha fruticosaL. was revealed by the changes of transcriptome ofAmorpha fruticosaL. under drought stress.Through the changes of the transcriptome ofAmorpha fruticosaL. under drought stress, the mechanism of anti-stress ofAmorpha fruticosaL. could be revealed.

Methods

Different concentrations of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) was used to simulate drought stress, and transcriptomic analysis was used to reveal the changes of gene expression patterns inAmorpha fruticosaL. seedlings.

Results

Results showed thatAmorpha fruticosaL. seedlings were seriously affected by PEG-6000. As for the differently expressed genes (DEGs), most of them were up-regulated. The additional Go and KEGG analysis results showed that DEGs were functionally enriched in cell wall, signal transduction and hormonal regulation related pathways. DEGs like AfSOD, AfHSP, AfTGA, AfbZIP and AfGRX play roles in response to drought stress.

Conclusion

In conclusion,Amorpha fruticosaL. seedlings were sensitive to drought, which was different fromAmorpha fruticosaL. tree, and the genes functions in drought stress responses via ABA-independent pathways. The up-regulation of Salicylic acid signal related DEGs (AfTGA and AfPR-1) indicated that Salicylic acid play a key role in response to drought stress inAmorpha fruticosaL.
The Cuban Healthcare System: An Insight
Authors: Zahid Nisha , Ahmed Farah , Israr Noor , Ali Akhtar , Farooq Sidra , Syed Marium
Published: March 2021

All the countries in the world are struggling to improve their healthcare systems regardless of being rich or poor. Talking about Cuba, it represents an example of well-developed healthcare system and policies which is comparable to developed countries of the world. The success of Cuban healthcare system largely depends upon its strong primary health care system, proper immunization, robust public health policies, treating all the population classes equally providing them with free healthcare services. The control of infection spread and non-communicable diseases also contributes to the success of Cuban Healthcare system. We have discussed the Cuban health care system from start till the current situation and also, we performed SWOT analysis to bring the clearer depiction of the Cuban Healthcare System as it highlights the key internal and external issues which are further discussed in detail.
Diversity and Abundance of Insects at the Campus of Higher Polytechnic Institute of Manica, Mozambique
Authors: Manhice António C.
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to assess insect diversity and abundance at the Campus of Higher Polytechnic Institute of Manica, Mozambique. Collection of insects was carried out by pitfall traps a long linear transects and sweep nets during 21 days of October 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and Shannon diversity index. A total of 1780 individuals of insects belonging to 8 orders, 15 families and 27 species were collected. Highest relative abundance was observed in Hymenoptera order (92.64%), and the least were Blattodea (2.70%), Diptera (2.13%), Coleoptera (0.82%), Orthoptera (1.52%), Phasmatodea (0.06%), Mantodea (0.28%) and Hemiptera (0.11%). The abundant specie was Crematogaster peringueyi (Hymenoptera) with 89.83% follwed by Macrotermes natalensis (Blattodea) and Chrysonmya chloropyga (Diptera) with 2.47% and 1.63% respectively. Higher insect diversity was observed in Orthoptera order (Shannon, H'=1.76), while the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Phasmatodea, Hemiptera, had the lowest diversity (Shannon, H'<1). Further work need to be done in the study area, expanding the duration of the study and applying diversity sampling techniques.
Influence of Compost Tea and Potassium Humate on Soil Properties and Plant Growth
Authors: Fouda Sarah E. E. , Niel Enga M.
Published: March 2021

An experiment was conducted during two seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, cultivated with soybean, at farm Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two treatments (potassium humate and compost tea) at different rates of (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml/L water) with two application methods (soaking and foliar application) on soil fertility and soybean productivity. In both seasons, each experiment was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. Data showed that the lowest value of soil pH 7.87 was obtained in the soil treated with foliar application of compost tea at 6 ml/L compared with other treatments. Also, the used of potassium Humate and compost tea foliar application was significant decrease of soil salinity (EC dSm-1), while soaking method was no significant for decrease soil salinity. The different rates of all treatments soaking method to soil gave significant increase of N and P available contents in soil while the foliar application was no significant. As well as, the K available in soil treated with all rates of treatments led to significant increase for soaking. The highest mean values of Fe, Mn and Zn contents in soil treated were with foliar application of compost tea. Compost tea soaking and foliar application increased soybean productivity. The highest values of all growth parameters plants i.e. (plant height (cm), No. of leaves/plant, No. of pods/plant, pods weight (g)/plant, seeds yield (ton/ha) and weight of 100 seed (g) were treated with potassium humate foliar application than all treatments.
Investigation of the Process of Purification of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid and Production of Concentrated Phosphoric Fertilizers Based on it
Authors: Kodirova Gulnoza , Shamshidinov Israiljon , Sultonov Boxodir , Najmiddinov Rikxsitilla , Mamurov Bakhodir
Published: March 2021

Fluoride compounds have the most harmful effects on the environment. The main source of fluoride in the soil is phosphorus-containing fertilizers. Purification of wet-process phosphoric acid (WPPA) from fluorine will significantly reduce its content in phosphorous-containing fertilizers and improve the quality of the resulting products. The aim of the study is to reduce the content of fluorine and sulfates in the wet-process phosphoric acid by introducing calcium carbonate, dolomite or phosphorite into the finished extraction pulp before filtration and obtaining high-quality calcium and magnesium-containing phosphate fertilizers based on it. Phosphates were determined by differential photometric, fluorine – ionometric, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron-complexometric, and sulfates-by weight methods. For the first time, scientifically-based data were obtained on the simultaneous reduction of the content of fluorine and sulfates in WPPA from phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum and the production of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizers based on it. Optimal technological parameters of the process of simultaneous defluorination and desulfatation of  WPPA from Central Kyzylkum phosphorites with calcium carbonate, dolomite and washed burnt phosphoconcentrate (WСPC) were found by introducing them into the second section of the extractor, into the finished extraction pulp in the amount of 100% for sulfate binding and 100-150% for fluorine binding, as well as obtaining high-quality products based on purified WPPA. The degree of transition of fluorine to the gas phase and phosphogypsum at a rate of 100-150% of calcium oxide for fluorine binding is 86.2-89.4% and its content in the wet-process phosphoric acid decreases from 1.18% to 0.22-0.29%. At the same time, the SO3 content in the acid decreases from 1.21% to 0.24-0.26%. The filtration rate of the sulfate-phosphate pulp varies slightly and is 807.6-812.6 kg/m2·h by dry residue.