bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La sélection des bovins de l'Ouest au début du XIXe siècle. Évolution des pratiques et des représentations
Authors: Antoine Annie
Published: March 2011

How was live-stock selection considered and carried out in the west at the turn of the XIXth century ? The 1819 inquiry that serves as basis to this study returns a scrambled answer to these questions as it rests both on the agronomic analysis that prevailed at the time and on the observation of the farmers' practices. If the official rhetoric is that the breeding of animals is left to chance and that the improvement of the herd can only be brought about by the growing of clover and the use of foreign bulls, such is not the practice nor maybe even the will of the farmers themselves. These latter were aware of the existence of various bovine « races », that could be identified all at once through the origin, the colour and the stature of the animals ; they carried out a selection of their cattle by eliminating a certain number of calves shortly after their births and they relied more on the cows than on the bulls to give them the animals which they could use,fatten and sell.
Des bœufs pour Paris : commercialisation et élevage en Basse-Normandie (1700-1900)
Authors: Garnier Bernard
Published: March 2011

The success of the fattening System of Lower Normandy can only be understod within the national framework : over two centuries at least, the Normand graziers have benefited from a privileged situation, at the heart of a country of lush pastureland located between an area supplying lean oxen (Poitou, Anjou, Maine, even Brittany) and a zone of consumption of «fat » oxen, the Paris market, which the animals could reach on foot, without suffering too much loss of weight on the way. The System rests on the displacement of large herds, the handling of large sums ofmoney, a risk-taking that can' t be denied ; it is rewarding : the capital tied up for the five to ten months necessary for fattening is increased by 39 % for the landlord of the Viette between 1840 and 1880. The System starts declining when the railways enable other regions of the west to send easily to Paris the oxen they too can fatten.
Patrimoine, pouvoir, savoir, critères d'une différenciation sociale dans les campagnes de l'espace germanique des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Boehler Jean-Michel
Published: March 2011

Portant sur la société rurale des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècle, la présente étude s'inspire d'exemples choisis en Alsace, en Suisse et en Allemagne. Au-delà de la schématisation théorique de catégories préétablies, elle s'attache à dégager, dans un contexte d'« histoire totale » associant le politique, l'économique et le culturel, des critères de différenciation diversifiés et cumulatifs - le patrimoine et le pouvoir, accessoirement le savoir - relevant autant des représentations collectives que de la pratique sociale elle-même.
Les veuves dans la société rurale au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Maillard Brigitte
Published: March 2011

L'étude des structures sociales dans les campagnes au XVIIIe siècle se heurte bien souvent à un problème de vocabulaire. Un groupe peut être clairement défini, celui des veuves qui forment une part importante de la population adulte en 1778 : 8,8 % de ce groupe contre 5 % pour les veufs, selon d'Expilly ; ce pourcentage, qui a dû augmenter dans les décennies 1770 et 1780 marquées par le retour de graves épidémies, est sans doute plus élevé dans les campagnes de l'Ouest de la France : dans le bailliage d'Amboise, en Touraine il est de 12,8 % des chefs de feux en 1788 contre 5 % en 1789 dans celui de Sémur-en-Auxois en Bourgogne. Mais ce groupe, qui n'est pas défini par un caractère socio-professionnel, est mal étudié car il est vu souvent comme un ensemble uniforme à travers les stéréotypes de la solitude, difficile à assumer en milieu rural, et de la pauvreté ; les veuves sont en fait mieux protégées que les hommes contre les conséquences de la viduité puisqu'elles jouissent du douaire. L'étude est très possible car les femmes seules sont plus faciles à identifier dans les documents notariés, fiscaux ou judiciaires que les hommes, leur statut matrimonial étant toujours indiqué. Les cas connus montrent qu'en fait les veuves se placent à tous les échelons de la société rurale et qu'elles sont, dans certains cas, tout à fait capables d'assurer la direction d'une exploitation. Si les modalités du remariage sont bien connues du point de vue démographique, ses finalités méritent un réexamen.
L'évolution démographique en Anjou au XVIIIe siècle : une régression ?
Authors: Ormières Jean-Louis
Published: March 2011

Studies that have been accomplished on a sample of 46 parishes in northern Anjou seem to point out that the demographie evolution of this province during the second half of the eighteenth century was less disastrous than we thought. Despite some years of deficiency, the demographie balance-sheet was still widely positive on the whole of the period, in the north-west as well as in the north-east of the province. As a resuit of the rise of the wedding age, birth-rate and fertility obviously fell in the north-west of Anjou on the eve of the Revolution. Owing to a moderate death-rate, these regions and, to all appearances, the whole province recorded a demographie growth, modest indeed, but real.
Les statuts de la faculté de médecine d'Angers (1483-1574)
Authors: Cauneau Jean-Michel , Philippe Dominique
Published: March 2011

Publiés en 1483, les statuts de la faculté de médecine d'Angers énoncent les principes de fonctionnement de l'institution, les conditions d'obtention des différents grades et livrent une définition de l'éthique médicale. Le doyen, entouré des docteurs-régents et assisté du bedeau, assume à la tête de la faculté des responsabilités à la fois financières et policières. Garant de la déontologie de la profession, il veille au bon déroulement des études. Huit années de formation sont nécessaires pour qui ambitionne le titre de docteur en médecine. Uniquement livresque, l'enseignement repose sur l'examen de la triade hippocratique : fièvre, urines, pouls. Les statuts insistent tout particulièrement sur la déontologie qui engage chaque membre de la faculté à lutter contre les praticiens illicites, présentant ainsi le médecin comme le seul spécialiste de la chose médicale. Volonté de monopole de la pratique médicale, qui impose à un médecin extérieur à la ville un examen de compétence, et défense corporatiste apparaissent les deux préoccupations qui présidèrent à la rédaction de ce texte.
Du caillou au bitume, le passage à la « route moderne » (1900-1936)
Authors: Harismendy Patrick
Published: March 2011

Social demand impelled, more than other, by automobile associations, pushed authorities to adapt former road system to motorcars. Roads became so a political stake. But technical solutions came slow. In facts, and even if ail were ashamed by a new and dramatic attrition, state and civil ingineers, or industrials didn 't de fine samely what could be a " modem road ". Such disparities and lack of financial resources after WWI, delayed taring. For Britanny, in addition, coexistence between automobiles and horse-cars was critical, for horses often slipped on asphalt. Meanwhile, in early thirties, the gas station map firmly shows new spatial hierarchies induced by motorcars, despite regional shades.
« Vox populi, vox regis ? » L'élection des maires de Tours aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Petitfrère Claude
Published: March 2011

Several changes were made in the way that the mayors of Tours were selected during the last two centuries of the Old Regime. However, the most common method involved the election of three persons, at a «general assembly» comprising the elite of the population, among whom the king, or his delegate - the provincial governor - made the final choice. The aim of this study is to weigh up the influence of royal authority, on the one hand, against the wishes of the inhabitants, on the other.

In the great majority of cases (85 out of 96), the central government complied with the statutes. On 48 occasions the king simply confirmed the order of preference established by the municipal election, while in another 37 instances he selected the person who appeared in second or third place. The choice of an individual who had not met whith electoral approual, which indicated conflict between crown on town, was thus a rare event (a mere 11 occasions); the electoral assembly usually proposed the person who would accede to the mayoralty. Yet this is not to deny that the desire to please the king was a decisive factor in the vote, fort the marginalisation of merchants in favour of royal officials points in this direction. In such circumstances the monarchy had no need to overturn the choice of the electorale.
L'urbanisme à Guérande au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Aupiais Grégory
Published: March 2011

A commonplace, worthy heir of the first pages of the novel by Honore de Balzac « Béatrix » want that the spirit of Enlightenment touched very superficially the elites of the town of Guerande. Nevertheless, new ideas notably in matters of town planning not let indifferent the community of inhabitants or the representatives of central power and some of them wanted after to change overturns the face of the city. However, paraphrasing William Shakespeare there was only : « Much ado about nothing. »
À propos du synode de Whitby. Étude des observations astronomiques dans les Annales irlandaises
Authors: MacCarthy Daniel , Breen Aidan
Published: March 2011

The astronomical entries scattered through the Irish Annals have been examined in a serious astronomical context by R. R. Newton as part o fhis research into the accelerations of the earth andmoon, and by D. Schove and A. Fletcher as part of the Spectrum of Time project. They have never, however, been fully collated and examined as a whole as this paper undertakes to do. What emerges is a body of records from 442 to 1133 documenting eclipses, cornets, aurorae, volcanic dust clouds and possibly a supernova ; from 664 to 1 133 ail of these records are of observations made in or near Ireland, and most of them are accurate in their chronological and descriptive details. Analysis of the details of these records implies that, at least from the seventh to the eleventh centuries careful and sustained observation and recording of astro-nomical phenomena were conducted in some Irish monasteries and it is clear that the underlying motive was religious and specifically eschatological, i. e. to detect the first signs of the end of time as prognosticated in the Book of Revelation. Critical examination of this data allows us to throw new light on the circumstances of the Synod of Whitby in 664 and to identify a possible Western observation of the supernova of 1054. (© 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved).
La décoration murale des appartements rennais, 1770-1790
Authors: Wolff Charlotta
Published: March 2011

Dans une ville en grande partie reconstruite après l'incendie de 1720, les élites rennaises de la fin du XVIIIe siècle disposent d'appartements relativement spacieux mais la spécialisation des pièces reste assez peu développée. À l'examen des inventaires après décès il apparaît que ces intérieurs n'en sont pas moins abondamment décorés. Les nouveautés ne sont pas absentes de la décoration des murs, où se côtoient tapisseries de lice traditionnelles, indiennes et papiers peints, miroirs de taille variable, et de nombreux estampes et tableaux, parmi lesquels les portraits occupent une place prépondérante. Ni la quantité ni la qualité de ces éléments décoratifs ne sont cependant les mêmes dans toutes les catégories socioprofessionnelles, car si la décoration peut refléter des goûts individuels, elle est d'abord le reflet de réalités économiques, de modes de vie et d'une utilisation de l'espace très différentes.
La redécouverte du patrimoine médiéval breton
Authors: Cassagnes-Brouquet Sophie
Published: March 2011

La première moitié du XIXe siècle a connu dans toute l'Europe un mouvement de réhabilitation du passé médiéval. En France, les antiquaires normands ont joué un rôle pionnier dans la redécouverte du patrimoine artistique du Moyen Âge. Pour la Bretagne, l'appropriation de l'histoire médiévale est venue à la fois de l'intérieur grâce à l'activité d'érudits locaux comme le chevalier de Fréminville mais aussi de l'extérieur. Prosper Mérimée parcourt la Bretagne en 1835. Entre 1843 et 1846 paraissent les volumes des Voyages pittoresques et romantiques dans l'Ancienne France de Taylor et Nodier qui illustrent les richesses archéologiques de la région. Ces récits et ces illustrations, si elles peuvent paraître désuètes et erronées sur le plan scientifiques, demeurent cependant des outils indispensables et trop peu utilisés pour la reconstitution du patrimoine architectural médiéval breton.
La Loire-Inférieure sous la IVe République : un bastion de la droite « modérée »
Authors: Richard Gilles
Published: March 2011

Au début des années cinquante, renaissait le mouvement breton et au moment de la création du CELIB, la Loire-Inférieure représentait un département sensiblement différent des quatre autres départements bretons sur le plan politique. Sa spécificité tenait avant tout au poids considérable qu'y avait la droite nationaliste et catholique conservatrice. Réorganisée depuis la Libération dans le Comité d'union nationale et républicaine, elle amorça en 1952-1953 une évolution de fond en s'intégrant dans le cadre politique national du CNIP. Mais sa prétention à fédérer les courants antimarxistes, des gaullistes aux radicaux en passant par les démocrates-chrétiens, échoua en 1958 à l'occasion du changement de régime.
Small Molecule Pan-Dengue and West Nile Virus NS3 Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Cregar-Hernandez Lynne , Jiao Guan-Sheng , Johnson Alan T , Lehrer Axel T , Wong Teri Ann S , Margosiak Stephen A
Published: March 2011

Background:

Dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome are caused by infections with any of the four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV), and are an increasing global health risk. The related West Nile virus (WNV) causes significant morbidity and mortality as well, and continues to be a threat in endemic areas. Currently no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics are available to prevent or treat any of these infections. Like the other members of Flaviviridae, DENV and WNV encode a protease (NS3) which is essential for viral replication and therefore is a promising target for developing therapies to treat dengue and West Nile infections.

Methods:

Flaviviral protease inhibitors were identified and biologically characterized for mechanism of inhibition and DENV antiviral activity.

Results:

A guanidinylated 2,5-dideoxystreptamine class of compounds was identified that competitively inhibited the NS3 protease from DENV(1–4) and WNV with 50% inhibitory concentration values in the 1–70 μM range. Cytotoxicity was low; however, antiviral activity versus DENV-2 on VERO cells was not detectable.

Conclusions:

This class of compounds is the first to demonstrate competitive pan-dengue and WNV NS3 protease inhibition and, given the sequence conservation among flavivirus NS3 proteins, suggests that developing a pan-dengue or possibly pan-flavivirus therapeutic is feasible.
Clinical spectrum and outcomes of neonatal candidiasis in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ariff Shabina , Saleem Ali Faisal , Soofi Sajid Bashir , Sajjad Reema
Published: March 2011

Introduction: Candidal infections are a serious problem in neonatal intensive care units, increasing morbidity and mortality in low birth weight infants in addition to escalating health-care costs. Studies exploring the epidemiology of candidiasis in developing country hospitals are rare. This retrospective case-control study aimed to evaluate epidemiology and risk factors associated with candidiasis in a neonatal intensive care unit in Karachi, Pakistan.  Methodology: Cases (neonates (age < 28days, (n = 45) with NICU discharge diagnosis of candidal sepsis or candidemia between January 1996 and December 2006 were matched with controls (newborns with discharge diagnoses other than the above during the same study period) for gender, gestational age, and admission within 72 hours of admission of an index case. Risk factors were identified and clinical course and outcomes (discharge disposition) described. P-value and match-adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Results: A frequency of 0.9% candidemia was documented in the NICU. The incidence was highest (46%) in VLBW (< 1500gm). C. albicans was the leading causative organism (55%), and neonatal risk factors identified were mechanical ventilation (> 7 days), positive bacterial culture, and duration of hospitalization of > 7 days. Conclusions: Prolonged ventilation, positive bacterial blood culture, and prolonged duration of NICU stay were the major risk factors associated with newborn fungal sepsis in our center. Presence of antenatal care was a significant protective factor in our subset of neonatal population.
Knowledge of blood-borne transmission risk is inversely associated with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Brewer Devon D.
Published: March 2011

Introduction: Accurate, comprehensive knowledge of an infectious pathogen's modes of transmission helps people to avoid infection. Growing evidence suggests that blood-borne HIV transmission is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology: I examined the association between knowledge of blood-borne HIV risk and prevalent HIV infection in Demographic and Health Survey data from 16 sub-Saharan African countries. I also searched three online databases for evidence of public education campaigns focused on blood-borne HIV risks in these countries. Results: Knowledge was moderately to strongly inversely related to HIV prevalence at the national level (i.e., countries in which many respondents were aware of blood-borne risk had lower HIV prevalence than countries in which few respondents were aware of such risk). At the individual level, respondents who knew about blood-borne HIV risks were modestly less likely to be infected than those who did not show awareness of this risk, independent of demographic and sexual behavior variables. This relationship was stronger in southern Africa than in west, central, and east Africa. In parallel analyses, knowledge of condom use as a way to prevent HIV was positively associated with prevalent HIV infection at both the national and individual levels. West, central, and east African countries with low to moderate HIV prevalence had implemented public education campaigns that included a focus on blood-borne transmission risks. Such campaigns were absent from high prevalence countries in southern Africa. Conclusion: These findings suggest that knowledge of blood-borne HIV risk protects against HIV infection and that public education campaigns are important for spreading that knowledge.
Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus outbreak among boarding school pupils in Madagascar: compliance and adverse effects of prophylactic oseltamivir treatment
Authors: Rajatonirina Soatiana , Heraud Jean-MicheI , Randrianasolo Laurence , Razanajatovo Norosoa , Ramandimbisoa Tombo , Ratsitorahina Maherisoa , Richard Vincent
Published: March 2011

Introduction: In October 2009, the first outbreak of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus  in Madagascar occurred at a school in Antananarivo. Among the first 12 cases, five were reported in boarding pupils at the school. The school closed 10 days into the outbreak. Mass oseltamivir prophylactic treatment was used to contain the outbreak. This study aimed to determine the transmission of infection among boarding school pupils and to evaluate the adverse effects of oseltamivir chemoprophylactic treatment and their impact on compliance. Methodology: After conducting an initial investigation of the outbreak we administered a questionnaire to 132 boarders who were present after the school re-opened. Questions addressed symptoms of influenza-like illness, compliance with chemoprophylaxis, and adverse effects. Results: Of 59 boarders, 20 (45.0%) had confirmed pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. Among the asymptomatic boarders, compliance with oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis was moderate: 56.2% took the full 10-day course, and 66.9% completed at least seven days. In contrast, among symptomatic boarders, only two did not take the full course of oseltamivir. Fifty percent of the boarders receiving oseltamivir experienced symptoms such as fatigue (38.7%), difficulty concentrating (22.6%) and headaches (19.4%). Bad compliance was not associated with adverse effects. Conclusion: Since the symptoms of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus were generally mild, the burden of adverse effects must be considered when deciding on mass oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis among teenagers.
Acalculous Cholecystitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum in a severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected patient
Authors: Alave Jorge , Bustamante Beatriz , Soto Leslie , Caceres Jaime , Seas Carlos
Published: March 2011

Billiary tract involvement in the course of disseminated histoplasmosis has been rarely reported. Here we present a severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected patient who presented with symptomatic acalculous cholecystitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.
Determining Fresnel reflection coefficients in 3D half‐space geometry by GPR multistatic data
Authors: Solimene Raffaele , D’Alterio Antonietta , Soldovieri Francesco
Published: March 2011

This paper deals with a procedure for retrieving Fresnel reflection coefficients of a half‐space medium starting from measurements collected under a reflection mode multistatic configuration. In particular, the procedure consists in inverting a linear integral operator that links the reflected field measurements and the Fresnel reflection coefficients.

This contribution extends our previous work already developed for 2D scalar configurations. Here, we consider a 3D source and accordingly a dyadic representation of the reflection coefficient. Accordingly, the corresponding inverse problem amounts to solving a vector problem with a dyadic unknown. The amount of data necessary to solve the inverse problem is achieved by collecting different Cartesian components of the reflected field. Accordingly, the reconstruction problem is cast as the inversion of several scalar integral equations, which provides the transverse electric and magnetic Fresnel reflection coefficients as functions of the angle of incidence. Synthetic examples dealing with the case of a homogeneous half‐space soil are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
Discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain method for GPR simulation of conducting objects
Authors: Diaz Angulo L.D. , Alvarez J. , Garcia S.G. , Rubio Bretones A. , Gomez Martin R.
Published: March 2011

In this paper we describe the discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain method and apply it to the simulation of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) problems in 3D. The method is first validated with analytical solutions and we show its superior behaviour when compared to the classical finite‐difference time‐domain method, widely employed in GPR simulation.
KNN Algorithm Based on Weighted Entropy of Attribute Value
Authors: Xiao Xing Jiang , Wang Wei Qing , Ding Hua Feng , Cao Lu
Published: March 2011

The traditional KNN algorithm usually adopts European distance formula to measure the distance between two samples. Since each attribute functions differently in the actual sample data collection, the accuracy of the classification will be reduced consequently, this article proposes one method to measure the attribute value and entropy weight, namely KNN algorithm based on weighted entropy of attribute value. The experiment indicated that, compared with the traditional KNN algorithm, the algorithm proposed in this article can not only guarantee the efficiency of classification but also enhance the accuracy of classification.
Network Security Situation Analysis Aimed at Distributed Attack
Authors: Fu Yan Ming , Chen Wen , Li Lin , Pan Yan Xian
Published: March 2011

When a certain distributed attack spreads in network, network hosts are classified into three types. The first type has undergone the distributed attack. The second type has the attacked likelihood. The third type is immune to the distributed attack. Distributed attack will cause congested links in network usually. Network security situation of distributed attack can be determined by attack severity degree of hosts and congestion condition of network. The paper analyzes distributed attack spread and builds an attack graph. The attack graph is used to reflect attacked status of hosts and congestion degree of network. Network security situation is deduced based on the graph.
An Image Information Extraction Algorithm for Salt and Pepper Noise on Fractional Differentials
Authors: Hou Ming Liang , Liu Yu Ran , Wang Qi
Published: March 2011

An image information extraction algorithm on fractional differentials is put forward in this paper that is based on the characteristics of fractional differential in signal processing. This paper has extracted the information of salt and pepper noise images with various coefficients, and analyzed and compared it with the information extraction results of classic integer-order operators as Prewitt, Roberts and Sobel. Experiments have shown that not only the high-frequency marginal information can be extracted by extracting information with fractional differentials, just as it is extracted with integer-order operators, but the texture information can also be extracted from the smooth region. Besides, this algorithm is featured with great noise immunity against salt and pepper noises.
Integrated Shift Strategies of Automatic Mechanical Transmission
Authors: Liu Wen Guang , He Ren , Jiang Bo
Published: March 2011

Driving intentions can not intervene in the shift curve according to the change rate of throttle opening and road information. Considered the change rate of throttle opening and road information, the fuzzy control method was used to amend the economic conditions of the shift curve. The results show that the fuzzy control method adding driving intention can amend shift curve of the economic conditions and taking into account economic and power performance requirements, in line with the driving intentions to operate shift curve in accordance with the road information.
Nonlinear Vibration Characteristics of Flexible Suspension Bridge under Moving Load
Authors: Tian Rui Lan , Yang Xin Wei
Published: March 2011

The system model of flexible suspension bridge under several moving loads was founded according to SD oscillator with time –dependent stiffness. The model was simulated by the software MATLAB and the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the system with different velocities were analyzed. Bifurcation diagram of the system is obtained with the changing of vehicle speed; meanwhile the phase trajectories and the Poincaré sections are also presented. The result shows the complicated nonlinear dynamics with periodic motion, quasi-periodic phenomena and chaos, the occurrence alternatively among these quasi-period and chaos, which reveals the reason that causes the S-shape deformation of flexible suspension bridge under moving load easily.
Study on the Application of Low Density SMC for Automotive
Authors: Yang Ming , Nie Yu Jing , Zhu Xiu Fang
Published: March 2011

In this paper, one kind of low density SMC has been introduced. Hollow-glass micro-spheres has been added into common SMC(Sheet Moulding Compound) to reduce the density, as well as the cost. Properties testing of SMC were conducted according to the National standards. Results showed that most of the indexes of the low density SMC are lower than that of common SMC with varying degrees of decline. Products were prepared by mould pressing. The weight of low density SMC product is decline by 17.3%. Some properties, such as medium resistance, vibration endurance, fatigue endurance, stiffness and strength, have been investigated in detail. Experimental and performance testing results showed that this kind of low density SMC is suitable for the automotive application.
Numerical Simulation of Infrared Nondestructive Testing to Metal Sample with Subsurface Defects
Authors: Tang Qing Ju
Published: March 2011

The transient heat transfer equation of the sample with defects is built. Numerical simulation of PT(Pulsed Thermography, ‘PT’) testing is done against C30Steel sample with hole defects via finite element method. Results show that, both the maximum value of the surface temperature and the time of the appearance of the inflection points change with the change of the defect diameter and depth. The surface temperature curves can be used for quantitative study of the defect characteristics.
The Markov Risk Model under Stochastic Discount Interest Force
Authors: Huang Yu Juan , Zhang Chun Ming
Published: March 2011

We investigate the expected discounted penalty function in which the discount interest process is driven by markov process. We obtain the integro-differential equation satisfied by the expected discounted penalty function when interest process is perturbed by standard Wiener process and Poisson-Geometric process. A system of Laplace transforms of the expected discounted penalty function, given the initial environment state, is established from a system of integro-differential equations. One example is given with claim sizes that have exponential distributions.
Measuring Vehicle Queue Length with Video
Authors: Qin Zhong , Su Guang Ting , Chen Yi , Liu Qi Zhou , Huang Min
Published: March 2011

Queue length behind the stop line is an important parameter in the model of intersection signal control which is the base of urban traffic control. In this paper, the detection algorithms of queue length by the image information are proposed. At first, the background differential is used to extract the vehicle after the stop line, and then the three regional of the left, straight and right are identified, and finally at the different regions, tail of the vehicles queue is detected based on the change of image sequences gray, so the queue length is measured. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Design and Realization of IC Card Heat Energy Meter with Supervisory and Control Function
Authors: Li Gui Zhu , Li Zhao Hui , Xin Long Biao , Wu Yong Qiang
Published: March 2011

In order to resolve automatic measurement, automatic monitoring and control of heat energy, a new type IC Card heat energy meter with automatic monitoring and control is designed. Software and hardware design of the heat instrument is introduced. Solutions of these problems are proposed throng analysis of engineering design problems. Lower power consumption and high precision requirements of heat measurement are met by collecting lower consumption components and intelligence design manners. Automatic measurement, monitoring and control functions are realized through gathering heat parameters of end-users on time, and analysis, comparing on the gathered data and data from standard meter by microcomputer. Preliminary tests show that the heat energy meter has functions of high precision, lower power consumption, strong intelligence and can achieve automatic Measurement, automatic monitoring and automatic control.
Refined Cotton Centrifugal Dewatering Process and Key Technology
Authors: Wang Wei Hui , Hu Guang Zhong , Zhou Min
Published: March 2011

At home and abroad the process of refined cotton mainly used pressing for washing and dehydration. The refined cotton with high water content, drying energy consumption is high. In this paper, base on the application of centrifugal dewatering process nitrocellulose, combined the characteristics of refining cotton with centrifugal dewatering process principles, the key technology of overflow limit and Pusher resistance were analyzed and discussed. Centrifuge dewatering replaced pressing dewatering, can improve product quality, and achieve energy saving with good socio-economic benefits.
The Analysis on Economy Development and Equalization Degree of Six Metropolitan Areas in Middle of China
Authors: Chen Ti , Yu Jin Tian , Hu Yue Lan
Published: March 2011

Urban cluster is a urbanized process, in the specific areas, city of different heterogeneity, type and the rank of scale forms urban network community which based on the relation of regional economic development and the market link. With the development of central China, various provinces in middle of China are constructing the provincial capital city as the centre of their urban cluster, and try their best to make the urban cluster in middle of China become the pole of regional growth and the core of economic zone. The economic development condition of urban cluster makes a key function on the development in the middle area of China. For impetus the development of urban clusters in middle of China fast and healthy, speeds up the development speeds of these six big urban clusters, expansions the economic impact scopes of these six big urban clusters and enhances the economic potentialities of these six big urban clusters are the development key point of those urban clusters. So, we must firstly thorough understanding the present social development situation of these six big urban clusters in middle of China, then we could target-oriented promote economic society's coordinated development of each urban cluster. This paper has illustrated present social development situation of six big urban clusters in middle of China thoroughly, has analyzed the existing financial circumstances emphatically of these six big urban clusters in middle of China by consult massive correlation data, has calculated economic development level and the equalization of these urban clusters in middle of China by mathematical models, by done those things, we mean to provide more actual guiding senses on economic development of those urban clusters in the future.
Vehicle Segmentation Approach Based on the Space-Time and Self-Similarity of Background
Authors: Qin Zhong , Su Guang Ting , Li Dong Hui , Mei Yu , He Yi Wei , Chen Qing Sen
Published: March 2011

Vehicle segmentation is the key of the traffic video image analysis, the movement state of vehicles can be understudied to get traffic flow parameters. Based on the traffic scene characterized by gradual change, the paper present the background model reconstruction with time-space and self-similarity of background. Video frame image is differenced from background, and binary to get the vehicle template. According to the template, movement vehicle will be segmented from it, the results of the experiment confirmed the effectiveness of algorithm.
Wear Characteristics of Impregnated Diamond Bit in Drilling Armor Ceramic
Authors: Gao Chao , Yuan Jun Tang , Jin Hao , Song Zhong Quan
Published: March 2011

This paper describes the wear characteristics of impregnated diamond bits when drilling in Al2O3 armor ceramic. With different bits being developed, drilling experiments and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations were conducted, and the results show that diamond wear types consist of complete crystal shape, micro fragmentation, whole fragmentation, wearing flat and falling off of diamond; abrasive wear, impact abrasion and erosion exist in the wear of diamond and bond; diamond grain size and concentration have their optimal value under fixed machining conditions; diamonds of high quality could increase bit drilling efficiency and serving life; the bit whose abrasion rate of bond matches that of diamonds presents the best comprehensive properties.
Controlled Grown TiO2 on Cellulose Surface via a Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Lu Yun , Liu Yi Xing , Yu Hai Peng , Sun Qing Feng
Published: March 2011

Controlled anatase TiO2 was grown on cellulose surface using a fragile hydrothermal method in different conditions. With the analysis of FTIR spectra, the grown TiO2 was chemically attached to the cellulose surface. The morphologies and amount of grown TiO2 on cellulose surface could be controlled through the adjustment of reacting factors. From the observation of SEM images, the morphology and content of TiO2 grown on cellulose surface could be controlled under appropriate reaction conditions. Under the regulation of reactant conditions, the content ranging from 8.7%-34.2% of TiO2 could be grown on cellulose surface.
Conceptual Model and Operational Framework of Service-Oriented Manufacturing
Authors: Wu Xiao Qing , Yang Ming Shun , Gao Xin Qin , Ba Li
Published: March 2011

With the fiercer competition and more complex environment of manufacturing industry, the service-oriented manufacturing mode integrating manufacture and service has become an inevitable trend. Together with the producer services and product-service system, the development process of service-oriented manufacturing mode was summarized. Compared with the traditional manufacturing mode, a conceptual model of service-oriented manufacturing was proposed. Furthermore, the operational framework of service-oriented manufacturing mode was established based on its operating characteristics. The research paper could provide the manufacturing enterprises with some foundation for implementing the service-oriented manufacturing mode.
Quantitative Analysis of Metal Film by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Yuan Dong Qing , Xu Jian Ting
Published: March 2011

The plasma was generated by focusing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064nm and 10ns on the surface of ITO. We investigated the relationship between the signal intensity of LIBS and the pulse energy of laser, and found the signal of the analyze lines of In and Sn increased with the laser energy enhanced proportional. A series of measurements were made to found the optimum time delay between the laser pulse and the beginning of the LIBS spectra acquisition. Through calibration-free method we obtain the temperature of plasma,at the same time we measured the content of In and Sn by the program which writed with matlab.
A Method Suitable for Total Protein Extraction from Wood Forming Tissue of Pinus koraiensis
Authors: Shi Jiang Tao , Li Jian
Published: March 2011

Total protein extraction method should be adjusted for get higher quality product for special material. We optimized the protocols and extracted total proteins from P. koraiensis adopt TCA-acetone, TCA-acetone contains β-mercaptoethanol, methanol and protein extraction kit respectively. Then we compared extracts from these methods using SDS-PAGE. The results show that there are no obvious differences between TCA, TCA-2ME and Methanol, which all have better bands. In contrast, extracts from protein extraction kit had ambiguous bands. We also found that it should take about eight hours at least for precipitate of mixtures of samples and extraction solutions. We think optimized TCA-acetone is an idea method for protein extraction from P. koraiensis.
Fast Visualization Programming of Ocean Remote Sensing Information Based on IDL
Authors: Tao Rong Hua , Wan Dan , Chen Biao , Chen Jie
Published: March 2011

The most commonly used method for ocean information visualization is plotting two-dimensional distribution images by using the IDLgrContour object in IDL,But when the data volume exceeds 10M, it process looks like rolling window curtains.Draw on the experience of contour display type,here we put forward the application technique of efficient visualization of large data sets,include basic framework,colorbar configuration and realizing process.The example shows it can meet the fast display requirement of common ocean remote sensing information with excellent expansibility and flexibility.
The Construction and Property Analysis of Bogie Wheel with Damping Structure
Authors: Jia Zhi Xuan , Sun Da Gang , Gan Qi Yin
Published: March 2011

This paper introduces a new-type bogie wheel and its properties, i.e., bogie wheel with tubular spaced-damping, which has vibration-reducing buffering functions. The mechanic model of bogie wheel based on crawler bulldozer of some type was built. Matlab software was used to simulate such bogie wheel. The results show that bogie wheel with spaced-damping can effectively buffer the vibration on such bulldozer under different load cases.
Fatigue Life Prediction of Driving Axle Housing Assemble Based on FEA
Authors: Yu Xian Zhong , Jie Gang , Huang Ping Hui , Tang Si Cheng
Published: March 2011

Based on the uncertain problem during the design of the fatigue life of drive axle housing assemble, entity model of drive axle housing assemble of some commercial vehicle is built by UG. According to national standard of the Bench Test, with finite element method, the finite element model is built and the static strength analysis is made by the FEM-software ABAQUS 6.8. On the base of the result of stress-strain analysis and the model validation, with the fatigue software FEMFAT 4.7D, the research on the cumulative damage and endurance limit safety factors is studied in terms of the Miner modified fatigue theory in the drive axle housing assemble. The results show that the model and method is reasonable and effective. It is helpful to optimize the structure parameter in the drive axle design through the optimization algorithm in the automobile.
Simulation Research of Inverted Plasma Cutting Power Supply Based on Fuzzy Control
Authors: Jia De Li , Wang Rui Jia , Wang Chun Sheng
Published: March 2011

Focusing on load characteristics of inverted plasma cutting power supply, this paper puts forward a nonlinear control method. This method integrates fuzzy control technology into the controller of power supply, thereby optimizing dynamic characteristics of power supply. The SIMULINK simulation technology is also used. To compare steady-state precision, robustness, response speed and other control indexes between fuzzy control and conventional PI control, the comparative simulation experiments were made respectively under constant non-disturbance steady-state condition, aperiodic load disturbance condition, and periodic load disturbance condition. The simulation results show that power supply with fuzzy controller has perfect steady robustness, fast system response and strong harmonic suppression ability. The simulation model is accurate and reliable, and it can be an efficient tool for further studying mechanism and algorithm optimization of plasma cutting power supply.
Direct Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Lin Yu Rong , Wang Qiang
Published: March 2011

Several orthogonal feature extraction algorithms based on local preserving projection have recently been proposed. However, these methods don’t address the singularity problem in the high dimensional feature space,which means that the eigen-equation of orthogonal feature extraction algorithms cannot be solved directly. In this paper, we present a new method called Direct Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Discriminant Analysis (DONPDA), which is able to extract all the orthogonal discriminant vectors simultaneously in the high-dimensional feature space and does not suffer the singularity problem. Experimental results on ORL database indicate that the proposed DONPDA method achieves higher recognition rate than the ONPDA method and other some existing orthogonal feature extraction algorithms.
Multi-Agent Based Design for Distributed Fault Diagnosis Systems
Authors: Li Ya , Wang Hai Rui , Wu Lin
Published: March 2011

A Multi-Agent based distributed fault diagnosis reference model is important for high speed and automation. Fault diagnosis and maintenance are vital aspects in industrial process, in this sense, fault diagnosis systems should support decision-making tools, new diagnosis approaches and techniques, updating of the devices. In this paper a Multi-Agent based fault diagnosis reference model is presented which combines the existing models and Multi-Agent. This model is based on a generic framework using Multi-Agent System; in this sense, the fault diagnosis problem is viewed like a feedback control process and the actions are related to the decision-making in the scheduling of the preventive maintenance task and the running of preventive and corrective specific maintenance tasks. As a result, a particular prototype design based on the JADE platform is obtained. This new model is compared to some important existing models and applied to a real investigation. This Multi-Agent based model provides a comprehensive treatment of the fault management problem, it can be used in any level of industrial environments and it can be integrated with the supervision applications without modifying the current automation architecture.
Pure Ni and Pd-Ni Alloy Membranes Prepared by Electroless Plating for Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Zhang Xiao Liang , Xie Xu Feng , Huang Yan
Published: March 2011

Pd-based composite membranes are the attractive membrane materials for hydrogen separation due to their high hydrogen permeability and infinite permselectivity. Thin pure Ni and Pd-Ni alloy membranes with high hydrogen permeation were prepared by the electroless plating method. It is difficult to prepare the dense pure Ni membranes with 1-2 μm thickness for hydrogen separation. However, Pd-Ni alloy membranes with several micrometers thickness showed good permeation performance. Hydrogen permeance of the Pd95Ni5 alloy membrane with fcc phase up to 3.1×10-6 mol/m2 s Pa and the ideal permselectivity over 600 were obtained at 773 K.
Visional Attentional Allocation of Top-down and Bottom-up Cues in Three-Dimensional Space
Authors: Xia Ru Ting
Published: March 2011

The aim of the present experiment was to investigate visual attentional allocation of top-down and bottom-up cues in three-dimensional (3D) space. Near and far stimuli were used by a 3D attention measurement apparatus. Two experiments were conducted in order to examine top-down and bottom-up controls of visual attention. In the experiment 1, the cue about the location of a target by means of location information. In the experiment 2, color cue by brief change of color at target locations was presented. Observers were required to judge whether the target presented nearer than fixation point or further than it. The results in experiment 1 and experiment 2 show that both location and color cue have the effect on reaction time, and that shift of attention were faster from far to near than the reverse. These findings suggest that (1) attention in 3D space might be operated with both location and color controls included the depth information, (2) the shift of visual attention in 3D space has an asymmetric characteristic in depth.
Designing of Detecting and Measurement System for Car Security Based on Supersonic Principle
Authors: Li Wei Bing , Wang Xin Na
Published: March 2011

this paper designed and developed a car tyre leakage detective system based on the mechanism of supersonic produced when a car tyre leak, by adopting DSP TMS320LF240X MPU technology of TI company. This system is very valuable in detecting the running car tyre leakage in time to enhance the security, experiences shows it’s with high reliability and performance.
Development of a Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe
Authors: Bu Ling Bing , Tian Li , Zhu Ya Zong , Huang Xing You
Published: March 2011

Forward scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP) is one of the most important instruments in the weather modification activities. A prototype of a FSSP for routine observation of cloud droplet was presented in this paper. In this system, a single-mode 685 nm diode laser with single-mode fiber output coupling was used as a transmitter, a square pinhole combining with a 4f optical system were used to obtain homogeneous illumination, the illuminating laser was abandoned by the hole on the 45°reflective mirror, and the depth of field of this system was controlled by a 200 µm pinhole placed on the focal plane of the collecting system. Both the scheme of optical design and the experiments were presented in this paper. The experiments showed, the laser beam was close to flat-top, the illuminating laser can be abandoned efficiently, the scheme of controlling the depth of field was reasonable. Simulation experiments using pinholes of different sizes indicated that the prototype had the ability to detect cloud droplets.