bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manifestaciones extra pulmonares COVID-19 en pediatría: reporte tres casos Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins - Perú
Authors: Dominguez Jesus , Estupiñan Matilde , Garcés- Ghilardi Raquel , Alvarado-Gamarra Giancarlo , Stapleton Angie , Seminario Ricardo , Pajuelo Patricia , Reyes Giuliana , Del Aguila Olga
Published: September 2020

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar una serie de casos de COVID-19 con manifestacionesextra pulmonares atípicas de la enfermedad. Los casos fueron evaluados por un equipo interdisciplinario de personal de la salud del Departamento de Pediatría del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, de pacientes pediátricos con Covid-19, posteriormente los datos fueron tomados de la historia clínica de cada paciente. Se evaluaron tres casos, con desenlace satisfactorio. La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 cada día cobra más vidas, por lo que se hace necesario la descripción de casos y su diversa variedad de presentación extrapulmonar, con el fin de identificar oportunamente a los infectados y tomar medidas tanto terapéuticascomo de prevención con el fin de evitar la propagación de la enfermedad y lograr su control.
Thermally induced deformation of coarse-grained soils under nearly zero vertical stress
Authors: Pan Y. , Coulibaly J. B. , Rotta Loria A. F.
Published: September 2020

In the last few decades, the deformation of soils induced by temperature variations has received increasing attention due to the limited understanding of its governing mechanisms and variables, and the rising significance of such phenomenon for science and engineering. This paper provides new competence on this subject, with a focus on coarse-grained soils. Specifically, this study presents experimental laboratory investigations and discrete element simulations addressing the thermally induced deformation of coarse-grained soils at different length scales. For the first time, the influence of relative density has been studied considering minimal levels of applied vertical stress. The results show expansive deformation of coarse-grained soils upon heating and contractive deformation upon cooling for all relative densities. The magnitude of the contraction is more significant than the expansion, leading to a residual contractive deformation over one heating–cooling cycle. Microscopic insights drawn from numerical simulations highlight an increase in grain rearrangement through inter-particle sliding during both heating and cooling. These results also show that denser soils exhibit larger heating expansion and particle sliding, corroborating the existence of expansive grain rearrangement that can be linked to a mobilisation of dilatancy arising from thermally induced deviatoric stress.
Role of Indian Universities and Colleges Vital in Employment Generation Can they Afford to Ignore? At what Cost? Who Pays? Nations Which Lead in Innovation Take Away Jobs from those who Lag
Authors: Naik B. M.
Published: September 2020

Stanford university in USA has given birth to as many as 3000 hi-tech start-ups, employing millions of educated men and women, each earning high income. Universities in Australia, China. Singapore, New Zealand are not behind. University gets royalty, millions of dollars each year from these companies which is ploughed back in research to create further more companies. Universities in developed countries actively engage themselves in high end research, innovation and entrepreneurship. They obtain patents and huge royalty on commercialised patents. For example in mobiles, the material cost of a mobile is hardly Rs 500 and the rest in thousands is royalty on patents used in mobile. Besides, a phenomenon is observed, world over, that hi-tech industries especially research based companies are flocking around advanced research & innovation centres in universities for brand new ideas, providing plentiful hi-tech, hi- pay jobs, in turn creating further many more downstream low end jobs. Do universities in India have a mission to give birth to companies? Do they engage in high end research? Have they installed innovation infrastructure? Why they do not yet have when universities abroad have from many years? Indians have high capabilities but unfolded. They do not have global vision, no strategic management and planning, no benchmarking with world best counterparts. That is the main reason for low employability of Indian graduates, {only 17%} and consequently India remains a less developed country, in spite of high potential. People are good but systems are not.
PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES TOWARDS TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM: A NARRATIVE INQUIRY
Authors: Diputro Angga Dwi Cahyo Andar , Suwarso Pratnyawati Nuridi
Published: September 2020

Since 2018, there are 2.449 pre-service teachers (PSTs) prepared to be professional teachers. In Indonesia, those PSTs are enrolled in the professional development program called PPG. To become a teacher, they have to obey teacher professionalism regulated in the Law Number 14 Year 2005 explaining, among others, that teacher roles, teacher competencies, and teacher professional development programs are the important aspects in determining teacher professionalism. This research aims to know their perspectives towards teacher professionalism. The method used was the qualitative research method and a narrative inquiry research design. The subjects were ten pre-service English teachers who have different background of studies, experiences, and even interests in becoming teachers. An adapted semi-structured interview guideline from Yuwono (2008) and FGD guideline developed from 4 previous studies and the Law Number 14 Year 2005 were employed to collect the data. To avoid bias data, triangulation of source and methodology was conducted. The results show that the PSTs thought that it has to be more flexible and practical. They also revealed that teacher roles, teacher competencies and teacher professional development program are the determiners of teacher professionalism as what is explained in the law. However, they considered that teacher roles can be supportive aspect towards teacher competencies performed in the classroom. Thus, teacher competencies are the most dominant factor that can influence and determine teacher professionalism. Further, professional teacher certification consisting various professional development programs is needed to improve their competencies.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Hayat Bilgisi Derslerinde Kullandıkları Değerler Eğitimi Yaklaşımları
Authors: ERBAŞ Ahmet Akif
Published: September 2020

Bu araştırma, hayat bilgisi derslerinde değerlerin nasıl kazandırıldığına yönelik durumun ortaya konması amacına yönelik nitel bir çalışmadır. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma modellerinden ‘‘durum çalışması modeli’’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın birinci basamağında, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak sınıf öğretmenleriyle değerler eğitimi bağlamında, hayat bilgisi dersi ve değerler eğitiminin durumu ile ilgili yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın ikinci basamağında, hayat bilgisi derslerinde değerler eğitiminin uygulanma süreçleri gözlenmiştir. Araştırma 2018 - 2019 eğitim - öğretim döneminin ilk yarıyılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizi NVivo nitel analiz programı yardımıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; öğretmenler yapılan görüşmelerde hayat bilgisi derslerinde daha çok değer belirginleştirme yaklaşımlarını kullandıklarını belirtirken, yapılan gözlemler öğretmenlerin sınıf içi uygulamalarında değer telkini yaklaşımını kullandıklarını göstermiştir. Sınıf öğretmenleri hayat bilgisi derslerinde değerler eğitimi yaklaşımlarından en sık değer telkinini daha sonra değer açıklama yaklaşımlarını kullanmışlardır. Gözlemler sonucunda değer analizi ve ahlaki muhakeme yaklaşımlarına rastlanılmamıştır. Gözlemler süresince sınıf öğretmenlerinin 485 defa değer telkini yaklaşımına göre değer öğretimi yaptıkları görülmüştür. Gözlemlerde ortaya çıkan diğer değerler eğitimi yaklaşımı ise değer açıklama yaklaşımıdır. Bu yaklaşım, gözlemler boyunca 46 defa kullanılmıştır.
Öğretmenlere Yönelik Algılanan Eğitim Programı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Ve Geçerleme Çalışması
Authors: KASAPOĞLU Koray
Published: September 2020

Öğretmenler, eğitim programı okuryazarlığından eğitim programının “ne”sini ve “nasıl”ını bilmeyi anlamaktadırlar (Yazar, 2017): Eğitim programının “ne”sini bilmek, bir eğitim programının ögeleri (kazanımlar, içerik, öğrenme-öğretme süreci, ölçme ve değerlendirme) hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak; eğitim programının “nasıl”ını bilmek ise bir eğitim programını uygulamayı ve eleştirmeyi bilmek ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Literatür incelendiğinde eğitim programı okuryazarlığını doğrudan ele alan az sayıda çalışmaya (Bolat, 2017; Erdem & Eğmir, 2018; Yazar, 2017) rastlansa da öğretmenlerin algılanan eğitim programı okuryazarlığını ölçen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracına hâlâ ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin eğitim programı okuryazarlığına ilişkin algılarını ölçen, iyi psikometrik özelliklere sahip bir ölçme aracı geliştirmek ve geçerlemektir. Ölçek geliştirme aşamasında ölçek 240 öğretmene uygulanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, ölçeğin program okuryazarı öğretmenin algılanan özellikleri ve program okuryazarlığının algılanan yararları/sonuç beklentileri olmak üzere iki faktörden meydana geldiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ölçek geçerleme aşamasında ölçeğin 17 maddelik nihai hâli 192 öğretmene uygulanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin bu iki faktörlü yapısı doğrulanmıştır. Faktörlerin her biri için Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayıları sırasıyla .93 ve .87 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, çok değişkenli varyans analizi sonucunda algılanan eğitim programı okuryazarlığının öğretmenlerin eğitim programları ve öğretim alanında lisansüstü eğitim alıp almamalarına göre anlamlı farklılaştığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuçlar, Öğretmenlere Yönelik Algılanan Eğitim Programı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği’nden elde edilen puanların güvenilir ve geçerli olduğuna dair kanıtlar sunmuştur.
LEGAL REGULATION FOR THE RESTRICTION ON PROPERTY RIGHTS TO WORKS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Akulov Yu.
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes some issues and peculiarities of the legal regulation for the restriction on the author's property rights to works in Ukraine through the lens of European and international approaches. The author analyzes the legislation of Ukraine, international and European regulatory sources, directly investigates the completeness of the legal regulation of the lawful free use of the author's work and the restriction of his/her property rights to the work (as a consequence of his/her intellectual activity). The article examines the existing international treaties, ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and which are recognized as a part of the national legislation of Ukraine. It also analyzes codified and other legal acts adopted to implement the provisions of the Constitution and international agreements in order to determine the peculiarities of legislative regulation and consistency of terminology in the sphere of restriction of the author's property rights to works in Ukraine. As a result of the research, the author has highlighted the main inaccuracies and gaps in the legal regulation for the restriction on property rights to works and the free use of works as a copyright object. Namely, it is traced that in Ukrainian legislation there is a certain inconsistency between the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights" and the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which use identically in meaning the concepts of "free use of works", "restriction of property rights", "exceptions and restrictions on property rights", "the lawful use of a work without the author's consent", which is not in line with international experience. The author concludes on the full implementation of the provisions of the Berne Convention on the three-stage test in national regulations and further improvement of the legislation in order to avoid disagreements with the European legislation in the investigated subject, which should be implemented in the Ukrainian legislation. Keywords: property rights to works, restriction on author's rights to works, free use of works, cases of free use of works, a three-step test, international treaties governing the restriction on property rights to works in Ukraine.
Creating a more inclusive environment for students with disabilities: Findings from participatory action research
Authors: Bessaha Melissa , Reed Rebecca , Donlon Amanda J. , Mathews Wendi , Bell Alissa C. , Merolla Danielle
Published: September 2020

The goal of this participatory action research (PAR) project was to engage and empower students with disabilities and raise awareness of disability-related issues to campus communities. Ten student co-researchers and six faculty/staff co-researchers attended weekly research meetings to discuss challenges faced by students with disabilities. The team presented PAR findings to the campus community as their action project. Twelve themes generated by the co-researchers were presented and illuminated lived experiences of students with disabilities within university settings. Themes included the physical university layout and internal experiences such as internalized stigma and isolation from peers. Results of the PAR project as well as a focus group post-PAR project describe individual and systemic outcomes. This study demonstrates the power of incorporating students' voices in creating university programming initiatives that not only supports their academic success but also allows students to feel heard and supported. Success in increasing campus inclusion requires a collaboration among key university gatekeepers and students particularly in support of students who may not have visible disabilities.
Prevalence and obstacles of exclusive breast feeding among women attending primary health care centres in Cairo 2012
Authors: Ali Suhaila Abdalkarim , Abdelmola Amani Osman
Published: September 2020

Background: Breastfeeding is the best way of providing nutrition for the healthy growth and development of infants. It is an essential part of the reproductive process with important inferences for the health of mothers. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is the recommended way for infants nourishing. Complementary foods should be introduced after the age of 6 months, and breastfeeding should continue until the age of 2 years. This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and to identify the most common obstacles confronting the practice between mothers attending El-Darrassa PHC centre.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study included all mothers attending the PHC centre. The data was collected by a questionnaire. The descriptive method and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.Results: The prevalence of breastfeeding was 97%, while the prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding was 51%. The obstacles facing breastfeeding were: 38% decreasing amount of mother’s milk, 16.8% the ease of artificial feeding and 16% the mothers’ working status. Nearly half knew the breastfeeding benefits for mother and child. There were no significant relations between exclusive breastfeeding and demographic characteristics, while there were significant relationships, between breastfeeding and medications contraindicated with lactation, easiness of artificial feeding, and decreased amounts of milk.Conclusions: The study revealed that the key factors for improving exclusive breastfeeding are raising the mothers’ awareness, enhancing health facilities policies to support mothers’ initiation of breastfeeding immediately after birth, promoting effective breastfeeding and enforcing laws protecting working mothers and facilitating their breastfeeding practice during work.
A cross sectional observational study about the relationship between body mass index and severity of asthma in children aged 6 to 14 years
Authors: Karunakaran Rugma , Santhakumar Rati , Vincent Johny
Published: September 2020

Background: The effects of obesity on asthma severity, diagnosis and control are increasingly recognized. Primary objective of our study was to find out the relationship between BMI and severity of asthma in children. Secondary objectives were to study associated co-morbid conditions viz., atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis in children with asthma and the relationship between family history of asthma, atopy and allergic rhinitis with severity of asthma.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the tertiary care centre in Thrissur, Kerala. Children of age 6 to 14 years diagnosed as asthma according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines were included. One hundred children qualified for the study during the stipulated time period. Children with symptoms and signs of asthma, were classified to intermittent and persistent based on GINA guidelines. BMI was calculated in all. Preliminary details and details on the risk factors were collected.Results: Mean age of the study population is 8.8 years. The study group had male predominance (57%). 39% had mild intermittent, 33% had mild persistent, 22% had moderate persistent and 6% had severe persistent asthma. Intermittent, mild persistent and moderate persistent were grouped as non-severe. 50% children had normal BMI, 28% were overweight and 22% underweight. Family history of asthma and atopic dermatitis was 47% and 38% respectively. Maximum children belonged to low socioeconomic status.Conclusion: Did not find any statistically significant association between severity and duration of asthma with obesity or overweight in children with asthma (p>0.05).
On the Practical Application of Financial Engineering in Corporate Financial Management
Authors: Xie Xi
Published: September 2020

The proportion of income and operating expenses will be out of balance once there is no appropriate financial management on the basic finance of corporate operation. The improving of corporate financial management has become the focus of many companies, especially for modern enterprises of strong competitiveness. However, many Chinese companies still adopt traditional financial management techniques, and their effects of risk management are obviously decreasing. Financial engineering is beneficial to the implementation of company’s new management plans. It is essential and plays a critical role in all aspects of business operations. Improvement and innovation should also be made with effort in the process of application.
Prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency
Authors: Т. Г. Романенко  , О. М. Суліменко
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of clindamycin in combination with metronidazole and miconazole in complex therapy in pregnant women suffering from vaginal dysbiosis with ischemic-cervical insufficiency with threat of premature birth, which used an unloading obstetric pessary.Materials and methods. 100 pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis in the III trimester of pregnancy with isthmic-cervical insufficiency, threat of premature birth and using of an obstetric pessary were examined. 50 women of group I (comparison) received therapy according to the orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, and 50 women of group II (main) used the treatment and preventive measures proposed by study authors, which included Banbact® suppositories for 3 days, and then Gynex® Forte complex drug for 7 days, after which a probiotic of 7 days was prescribed.Results of the study. The clinical effect of treatment in main group was achieved in 100% of cases. The amniotest was negative in all cases after treatment. In both groups was a slight shift to the alkaline side of the vaginal contents (pH 5.0–5.5), in the comparison group 2.5 times more often than in the main one. A significant decrease in the vaginal pH was observed in persons of group II after treatment at 37–38 weeks of pregnancy, no increase in pH >5.5 was detected; pH shift to the alkaline side was observed 3.5 times more often in group I.Most pregnant women in both groups achieved normocenosis after treatment. However, in group I a moderately expressed leukocyte reaction, the prevalence of leukocytes over epithelial cells, and a decrease in normal vaginal flora were noted 2.4 times more often (p <0.05). In 10.0% of pregnant women in group I single spores and pseudo mycelium of fungi, coccal or mixed flora were revealed against the background of a moderate leukocyte reaction (p <0.05).A pronounced leukocyte reaction was retained in 6 (12.0%) women of group II at 37–38 weeks, accompanied by a delay in the fetus development. Mixed flora persisted 3.7 times more often in women of group I. 22 species of microorganisms were identified in group I in the third trimester, while in pregnant women of group II – 14 species.Conclusions. The study revealed the high efficiency of complex treatment for bacterial vaginosis and normalization of the genital tract microflora in the third trimester in pregnant women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency. This helped to reduce the frequency of the threat of abortion, development of placental insufficiency, and delayed fetal development. The clinical efficacy of Banact® and Ginex® Forte was combined with their good tolerance; therefore these drugs are safe during pregnancy, which allows them to be used in practical obstetrics.
Optimization of ovarian function and metabolic status in syndrome of polycystic ovaries
Authors: Т. Ф Татарчук  , Н. В. Косей  , Т. М. Тутченко  , М. І. Гламазда
Published: September 2020

Objective: to evaluate the effect of the Quinofolic complex (myo-inositol 500 mg, D-chiro-inositol 12.5 mg, methyltetrahydrofolate 250 mcg) on ovarian function, metabolic status and biochemical hyperandrogenism in women with classic phenotypic phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance.Materials and methods. An open comparative study was conducted in 60 women of early/active reproductive age diagnosed with PCOS (classic phenotypic form) and laboratory confirmed insulin resistance, divided into 2 groups: study group received recommendations for lifestyle modification in accordance with clinical guidelines 2018, as well as Quinofolic in a dose of 2 capsules per day; control group received similar recommendations for lifestyle modification and folic acid, similar to the one in Quinofolic for 6 months. End points of the study were: duration of intermenstrual intervals and ultrasonographic signs of ovulation; dynamics of HOMA index, waist/hip ratio, free testosterone index.Results. At the end of the third month of treatment statistically significant reduction of intermenstrual intervals was recorded in the study group: 45.6 ± 3.2 vs 68.9 ± 8.2 days before treatment. At the end of the sixth month of treatment, the average duration of intermenstrual intervals in the study group was 32.6 ± 2.8 days. Also, the average duration of intermenstrual intervals in the study group differed statistically significantly from the control group: 45.6 ± 3.2 vs 68.2 ± 5.6 days at the end of the 3rd month and 32.6 ± 2.8 vs 56.6 ± 4 8 days at the end of the sixth month. Average duration of intermenstrual intervals in the control group at the end of the third month did not show statistically significant dynamics. The dynamics of waist/hip ratio decrease in the study and control groups was comparable, but these changes were not statistically significant compares to values before the intervention in both groups. At the same time in the study group, a statistically significant decrease of HOMA index and free testosterone index were recorded synchronously with a decrease in waist/hip ratio. Despite the significant effect of lifestyle modification in individual participants in the control group, the average HOMA index and level of free testosterone index did not show statistically significant changes.Conclusions. Results of the study combined with data on the effectiveness of the combined use of inositol isomers myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol ratio = 40:1 confirm the feasibility of their use to improve folliculogenesis, reduce hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
Use of dienogest in endometriosis. A narrative literature review and expert commentary
Authors: Ally Murji  , Kutay Biberoğlu  , Jinhua Leng
Published: September 2020

Objective: Endometriosis affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age, and the main goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms. Progestins have been the mainstay of endometriosis suppression, of which dienogest has become an important option in many parts of the world. This is an expert literature review, with recommendations on the use of dienogest in the context of various clinical considerations when treating endometriosis.Methods: A search of PubMed was conducted for papers published between 2007 and 2019 on the use of dienogest in endometriosis. Experts reviewed these and included those they considered most relevant in clinical practice, according to their own clinical experience.Results: Evidence regarding the long-term use (>15 months) of dienogest for the management of endometriosis is presented, with experts concluding that the efficacy of dienogest should be assessed primarily on its impact on pain and quality of life. Fertility preservation, the option to avoid or delay surgery, and managing bleeding irregularities that can occur with this treatment are also considered. Counseling women on potential bleeding risks before starting treatment may be helpful, and evidence suggests that few women discontinue treatment for this reason, with the benefits of treatment outweighing any impact of bleeding irregularities.Conclusions: Overall, the evidence demonstrates that dienogest offers an effective and tolerable alternative or adjunct to surgery and provides many advantages over combined hormonal contraceptives for the treatment of endometriosis. It is important that treatment guidelines are followed and care is tailored to the woman’s individual needs and desires.
Peculiarities of the inflammatory reactions development in placenta at delivery in different gestational terms
Authors: І. І. Воробйова  , Н. Я. Скрипченко  , В. Б. Ткаченко  , С. М. Толкач  , С. М. Раздайбєдін
Published: September 2020

Objective of the study: to study peculiarities of the inflammatory reactions development in placenta according to results of a general histological and immunohistochemical study of the prevalence and intensity of reactions caused by CD45 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) during childbirth at different gestational periods.Materials and methods. Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of various placental structures and CD45 and TNF-α expression level in 142 women with preterm delivery at different gestational periods were performed: group I – at 23–29 weeks, group II – at 30–34 weeks; group III – at 35–36 weeks + 6 days, group IV (control) – 40 women at 38–40 weeks.Results. Inflammatory infiltration and the most expressive CD45 expression prevailed in the decidual membrane, TNF-α expression was predominantly negative in group I. In group II, inflammatory changes were evidenced by collagenization and stromal fibrosis, a decrease in fetal vessels, fibroblast proliferation, an increase in intervillous fibrinoid, and CD45 spread was expressed in decreasing order of intensity in decidual membrane, in stroma of intermediate villi and in stem villi. In group III, foci of inflammatory infiltration spread from the decidual membrane to the intervillous space and villi stroma, vessels plethora of all types of villi, dystrophic changes, and fibrinoid volume increased. CD45 expression was more common and expressive than in the groups I and II, and TNF-α expression was weakly positive only in the decidual membrane. The control group determined the widespread expressive CD45 expression in all placental structures and positive moderate TNF-α expression.Conclusions. Preterm delivery and delivery on term occur when there is an activation of inflammatory reactions in placenta. Inflammation in the placental structures is a necessary condition for development of the mother-fetal interphase, however, the features of local immune response prove the need to determine genetic mechanisms of the preterm labor.
Aspectos pragmáticos da Libras como língua adicional
Authors: Ferreira Maria X. , Benfatti Maurício F. N.
Published: September 2020

A Libras é a língua de sinais utilizada pelos surdos brasileiros, mas que também é adquirida por muitos ouvintes, com propósitos diversos, no domínio de línguas adicionais. A pragmática, por sua vez, é uma vertente da linguística que estuda o uso da linguagem em interações reais. Esta ciência tem se aprimorado com o passar dos anos e auxiliado em muitas pesquisas, inclusive no âmbito de aquisição de línguas adicionais. Este artigo tem o propósito de identificar alguns aspectos da aquisição de Libras como língua adicional pela perspectiva pragmática. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar as relações existentes entre a pragmática e o contexto de aquisição de segundas línguas, bem como essas relações interferem na aquisição de libras como língua adicional. Logo, observou-se como a pragmática pode contribuir para a aquisição da Libras por ouvintes, principalmente em aspectos como a ostensão.
Pragmática do cotidiano: notas sobre a epidemiologia cultural de bebidas alcoólicas
Authors: Mazuroski Jr Aristeu
Published: September 2020

Este ensaio propõe uma breve apresentação de duas importantes teorias que ajudam a cruzar a ponte entre a linguística formal e a comunicação cotidiana, também conhecida como estudo da linguagem em uso ou Pragmática. A Teoria da Relevância e a Epidemiologia das Representações introduzem uma abordagem cognitiva dos fenômenos comunicativos, dando relevo ao papel do contexto e da cultura nas escolhas feitas por interlocutores na comunicação. Com o objetivo de ressaltar que as teorias são voltadas efetivamente para o uso da linguagem na vida diária, os conceitos teóricos constituem substrato para análise de situações, comportamentos e fenômenos envolvendo a cerveja e o vinho, objetos culturais que permeiam praticamente todas as sociedades humanas contemporâneas.
A pragmática e os jogos comunicativos nas comunicações organizacionais
Authors: Morosov Ivete , Mazuroski Jr Aristeu
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem relacionada à pragmática cognitiva e à importância do significado linguístico na interação entre interlocutores, considerando elementos socioculturais envolvidos na comunicação organizacional. A pesquisa utiliza as contribuições teóricas de Grice (1975) que possibilitam avaliar a influência do uso cooperativo da língua de forma eficiente nas interações comunicativas construídas a partir dos eventos compartilhados pelos interlocutores. Ademais, uma releitura do trabalho de Godoy (2016), que analisa o caso do voo da Avianca do ponto de vista da Teoria da Polidez, permite a reflexão sob outra perspectiva. Verificouse que, quando garantidas as condições de validade, o jogo comunicativo deve ser negociado e aceito por todos os participantes. Após o início, ele será jogado pelos participantes durante todo o curso de sua vida útil lógica, até chegar à conclusão natural. Conclui-se que a estrutura global de um diálogo não deriva de regras linguísticas, mas de jogos comportamentais que governam a interação.
Diagnosis and Management of Leprosy
Authors: Alinda Medhi Denisa , Geani Silvani , Agusni Regitta Indira , Kusumaputra Bagus Haryo , Reza Novianti Rizky , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto
Published: September 2020

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which tends to attack peripheral nerves and skin. The diagnosis of leprosy is based on the presence of one of three cardinal signs. Early diagnosis of leprosy is critical and is made through clinical examination and investigation. Purpose: To discuss the diagnosis, laboratory examination, and treatment of leprosy, considering that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are the key elements in breaking the chain of transmission and preventing leprosy patients' disabilities. Review: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae. Based on clinical appearance, histopathology findings, and immunological, leprosy is grouped into six forms using the Ridley-Jopling classification, namely Tuberculoid (TT), Borderline Tuberculoid (BT), Borderline-borderline Mid-borderline (BB), Borderline-lepromatous (BL), Subpolar Lepromatous (LLs), and Polar Lepromatous (LLp). Based on the treatment category, leprosy is grouped into paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB). Leprosy is often diagnosed clinically, and skin scraping smear remains the preferred laboratory method. The negative results of smear skin scraping may not necessarily exclude leprosy. Therefore, a higher sensitivity test might be needed to detect M. leprae. Treatment with Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) is adjusted based on the type of leprosy, whether it belongs to the PB or MB group. Treatment of PB type, regimens are rifampicin and dapsone, while in MB type, the patients received rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine regimens. Conclusion: A proper diagnosis for leprosy, both through physical examination and laboratory examination, is required to determine an effective MDT treatment and break the chain of disease transmission.
COMPARISON OF TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY (TAC)’S PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS AND NON-HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: El-Hakim Zaky Firmawan , Thaha Mochammad , Hernaningsih Yetti
Published: September 2020

Background: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is one of the biomarkers to determine a person's health condition through antioxidant and oxidant activity or oxidative stress so that it can help in determining the therapy needed. However, currently, TAC levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and non-hemodialysis (non-HD) are still controversial, so further research is needed. Objective: To analyze the comparison of TAC in HD and non-HD CKD patient. Material and Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with clinical observation in CKD patient. A total of 71 CKD patients consisting of 28 CKD HD patients and 43 non-HD CKD patients were enrolled in this study. Data about the characteristics of the subjects were taken using the anamnesis method, while data about TAC were taken using the colorimetric method with COBAS C-501 0837-19 series and 0835-13 series to measure TAC levels in the serum of CKD patients. The data that has been obtained were analyzed using independent sample t-tests. Result: TAC levels were significantly higher in CKD patients undergoing HD compared to non-HD CKD patients (p <0.05). There are data on albumin as an antioxidant and MDA as an oxidative stress biomarker that affects TAC levels. Conclusion: TAC levels found to be higher in hemodialysis CKD patient compared to non-hemodialysis CKD patient.
PERFIL E TENDÊNCIA DOS CASOS DE SUICÍDIO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAGUAÍNA TOCANTINS.
Authors: Gomes Helierson , Mayumi Kihara Pamela , Morais Vieira Stefani , Alex de Mendonça Santos Wathyson , Sousa Machado Luisa , Silva dos Santos Natã , Gomes de Jesus Andrielly
Published: September 2020

Diante da atual epidemia de casos de suicídio entre a população mundial, esta pesquisa vem com objetivo de analisar o perfil e a tendência dos casos de suicídio na cidade de Araguaína Estado do Tocantins no período de 2008 a 2017. Estudo epidemiológico dos casos de suicídio foi realizado com base em métodos descritivo e ecológico realizado no município de Araguaína, localizado ao norte do Estado do Tocantins. No período estudado o município de Araguaína apresentou um total de 111 casos notificados de suicídio com uma significativa prevalência nos indivíduos do sexo masculino (79 %), solteiros (63,9%) com faixa etária entre 20 e 59 anos de idade com baixa escolaridade, sendo importante salientar que 61,2% dos casos de suicídio no município se tratam de pessoas que sequer terminaram o primeiro grau, sendo o enforcamento o método mais utilizado na execução do ato suicida (60%), seguido pela intoxicação por pesticidas (17%). Um ponto preocupante é a projeção de uma tendência crescente dos casos para os próximos anos, onde poderia agravar ainda mais a situação atual da cidade de Araguaína que apresenta uma taxa média anual moderada com pouco mais de 6 casos por 100 mil/habitantes.
ASYMMETRIC EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL AND PALM OIL PRICES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Prabheesh KP , Laila Nisful
Published: September 2020

This paper empirically examines the impact of the price of crude oil petrol and palm oil on Indonesia's economic growth. Using quarterly data from 2000 to 2019 and linear, and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to cointegration, the study finds 1) A significant non-linear effect of oil prices on country's output. 2) The palm oil price changes have a higher effect on the country's output as compared to petroleum prices. 3) A decline in palm price in the international market leads to a higher adverse effect on the country's economic growth as compared to petroleum prices.
EXTERNAL DEBT, INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Mohd Daud Siti Nurazira
Published: September 2020

This paper addresses the gap in the literature by investigating the role of the institutional quality in the nexus of external debt and economic growth. By employing a dynamic panel data analysis, we found that the institutional quality plays some role in complementing the effect of external debt on a country’s economic growth. We also found that the negative effect of external debt and a country’s economic growth monotonically increases with the level of institutional indicator, which implies the possibility of debt overhang may still happen in economies endowed with good institutions, but for higher values of debt.
HOW LONG DO HOUSING CYCLES LAST? A DURATION ANALYSIS FOR EMERGING ECONOMIES
Authors: Nasiri Maryam Akbari
Published: September 2020

In this paper, I empirically study the amplitudes and durations of housing cycles in selected emerging countries. Using the Harding and Pagan (2002) approach, I identify peaks and troughs of house prices for 10 countries. I find that, on average, housing expansions last longer and have greater amplitudes than housing contractions. I, then, estimate a discrete time survival model of housing expansions and contractions. I show that both contractions and expansions have positive duration dependence. I find that inflation and economic growth are useful predictors for the end of periods of expansions and contractions.
Correlates of Seizure Control Among Patients with Epilepsy at Two Referral Hospitals in Zambia
Authors: Mwansa Nsofwa Jubedah , Daka Victor , Mulenga David , Mfune Ruth L. , Mukanga Bright , Nyirenda Christopher , Siziya Seter
Published: September 2020

Background and Objective:

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that has proven to be a major public health challenge worldwide, including Zambia. Despite the availability of many treatment alternatives, people with epilepsy still experience seizures. There is paucity of information on the control of seizures and associated factors in Zambia. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with seizure control in people with epilepsy in two tertiary hospitals in Zambia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among epileptic patients at Kitwe and Ndola Teaching Hospitals, two referral hospitals in Northern Zambia, from September 2 to September 23, 2019. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS to identify independent predictors of seizure control. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals are reported.

Results:

A total of 220 epileptic patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 23.6% had controlled seizures, while 76.4% had uncontrolled seizures. Occupation (p value=0.018), level of education (p value<0.001), clinic attendance (p value<0.001), drug adherence (p value<0.001), beliefs about drugs (p value=0.006), and having friends (p value=0.025), were significantly associated with seizure control. A higher level of education (AOR:0.243, CI:0.080-0.738), regular clinic attendance (AOR:8.578, CI:3.327-22.112) and age at first seizure of 3-6 years (AOR: 1.035, CI:0.240-4.454) were predictors of controlled seizures.

Conclusion and Implications for Translation:

It was shown that there was a low prevalence of controlled seizures among the study population. However, in this study, controlled seizure can be associated with a positive response to medication, regular clinic attendance, employment, having friends, having a higher level of education, and being 3-6 years old when a first seizure occurs. Risk factors should be taken into consideration such as alcohol consumption and drug compliance to better manage seizures.
Compositional Changes in Athabasca Bitumen During Air Injection into Mature SAGD Chambers - Observations from 3-D Large Scale Experiments
Authors: Sequera-Dalton Belenitza M. , Aminfar Ehsan , Moore Robert G. , Mehta Sudarshan A. , Ursenbach Matthew G.
Published: September 2020

Air injection into mature SAGD chambers is a promising method to sustain steam chamber pressures while reducing steam-to-oil-ratios (SOR) and increasing oil production in SAGD late life. The feasibility of attaining and sustaining a high temperature combustion front when injecting air into a steam chamber has been recently demonstrated with a three-dimensional (3-D) large scale experiment. In order to effectively mobilize bitumen, bond scission reactions are required to occur between the injected oxygen and the bitumen. The highly effective combustion process is accompanied by thermal cracking reactions which often produce lighter oil fractions and coke. However, low temperature oxidation reactions or oxygen addition to the bitumen may occur if oxygen rates are not sufficient to sustain the combustion front which in turn could degrade the bitumen properties. This paper focuses on the compositional changes observed on Athabasca bitumen during air injection after SAGD in a 3-D large scale experiment. Changes in bitumen properties, as measured from produced and residual oil samples, such as density, viscosity, asphaltenes content and hydrocarbon cut point distribution are presented.

The well configuration in the 3-D experiment consisted of two well-pairs located near the bottom corners of the rectangular model. At the end of the SAGD period, air was injected into one of the injection wells while fluids were produced from both wells in the well-pair located on the other end of the model. Oil properties from produced liquid samples, captured from the upper and lower production wells during the test, as well as extracted oil from selected post-test core samples were analysed and correlated with time and their location in the 3-D model, respectively.

Fluid segregation and distinctive fluid properties were observed in the samples produced from the upper and lower producer wells. A significant portion of produced oil samples exhibited lower density, viscosity and asphaltenes content than the original bitumen indicating that oil upgrading took place during the test. Post-test core samples were analysed during the excavation or unpacking of the 3-D model and their weights, visual appearance and 3-D location were recorded. Properties of oil extracted from selected post-test core samples also indicated the presence of upgraded oil in the residual hydrocarbons. The asphaltenes content in selected residual oil samples remained similar to that of the original oil.

Significant amounts of upgraded oil produced during the 3-D experiments highlights the potential added benefits of air injection into mature SAGD chambers.
Theory and Implementation of an Approximate Physics Simulator for Heavy Oil Production Forecasting
Authors: Dehdari Vahid , Deutsch Clayton V.
Published: September 2020

Oil sand reservoirs play an important role in the economy of Canada due to their significant recoverable reserves. Due to the high viscosity of the oil in these reservoirs, conventional methods cannot be used for production. The steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) method is an efficient way of producing oil from these reservoirs. Predicting oil production and steam injection rates is required for planning and managing a SAGD operation. This can be done by simulating the fluid flow with flow simulation codes, but this is very time consuming. The run time for a 3D heterogeneous model with one well pair can exceed 2 days. In this paper, a SAGD approximate simulator for predicting SAGD performance with 3D heterogeneous models of geologic properties is developed. This approximate simulator can handle different types of operating strategies. The approach is an approximate solution using a semi analytical model based on relevant theories including Butler's SAGD theory. The approximate simulator or proxy is much faster than the full simulator and it gives accurate estimated oil production and steam injection rates at different time steps. Theoretical and numerical research has been undertaken to develop the proxy, implement it in fast code, demonstrate the accuracy of prediction and apply to realistic examples. This proxy is used for other applications such as transferring uncertainty for reservoir realizations and well trajectory optimization.
A New Criterion for the Estimate of Impact of Lean Zones on the Performance of SAGD/SA-SAGD/EBRT Processes
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Khaledi Rahman , Farshidi Sara Forough , Wattenbarger Chick
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a new criterion to estimate the impact of lean zones on thermal or thermal-solvent processes, such as SAGD, SA-SAGD, or EBRT (Imperial Oil's "Enhanced Bitumen Recovery Technology"). The interface stability of the steam/solvent chamber in the lean zone is related to the competition of heat transfer in either conductive or convective forms. This competition is described by a non-dimensional number, the Rayleigh number in porous media, which can be calculated by the parameters of the lean zone thickness, water mobility, thermal diffusivity, and steam chamber temperature. When a system's Rayleigh number is larger than a critical value, the primary heat transfer mechanism in the lean zone will be convection, in which the interface becomes unstable and may cause significant loss of steam or solvent. Analytical solution to obtain the critical Rayleigh number was given in literature (Philip, 1982). For long axis horizontal cross sections, the critical Rayleigh number is estimated between 0.1 and 1. A significant number of simulation cases have been analyzed in a sensitivity study with CMOST (Computer assisted Matching, Optimization, and Sensitivity analysis Tool, Computer Modeling Group) to validate the above hypothesis. Monte Carlo simulation results have shown a strong correlation between the solvent recovery and the product of water mobility and lean zone thickness. This product is the essential part of the formula of modified Rayleigh number. Further calculation indicated that the critical Rayleigh number for the simulation models is between 0.1 ∼ 1 for SA-SAGD or SAGD and about 0.17 ∼ 0.32 for EBRT. Both are within the range given by the analytical solution. The critical Rayleigh number is introduced to the lean zone analysis for the first time. This physics-based criterion is able to give an answer to the estimate of performance impact of the lean zone for thermal and thermal-solvent gravity drainage processes. The Monte Carlo simulation confirmed the consistency between the numerical studies and the analytical solution.