bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nomogram based on clinical features at a single outpatient visit to predict masked hypertension and masked uncontrolled hypertension: A study of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Meng Hong , Guo Liang , Kong Bin , Shuai Wei , Huang He
Published: January 2023

Patients with masked hypertension (MH) and masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) are easily overlooked, and both cause target organ damage. We propose a prediction model for MH and MUCH patients based on clinical features at a single outpatient visit. Data collection was planned before the index test and reference standard were after. Thus, we retrospectively collect analyzed 804 subjects who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. These patients were divided into normotension/controlled hypertension group (n = 121), MH/MUCH (n = 347), and sustained hypertension (SH)/sustained uncontrolled hypertension group (SUCH) (n = 302) for baseline characteristic analysis. Models were constructed by logistic regression, a nomogram was visualized, and internal validation by bootstrapping. All groups were performed according to the definition proposed by the Chinese Hypertension Association. Compared with normotension/controlled hypertension, patients with MH/MUCH had higher office blood pressure (BP) and were more likely to have poor liver and kidney function, metabolic disorder and myocardial damage. By analysis, [office systolic blood pressure (OSBP)] (P = .004) and [office diastolic blood pressure (ODBP)] (P = .007) were independent predictors of MH and MUCH. By logistic regression backward stepping method, office BP, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (Tch), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and left ventricular mass index are contained in this model [area under curve (AUC) = 0.755] and its mean absolute error is 0.015. Therefore, the prediction model established by the clinical characteristics or relevant data obtained from a single outpatient clinic can accurately predict MH and MUCH.
A case report of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome caused by ANCA-associated vasculitis case report and retrospective analysis
Authors: Dong Lulu , Wang Lulu , Jiang Chao , Li Shuang , Geng Minxia , Xing Jiahao , Chang Yajun , Tian Yingying , Feng Rongfang , Wang Tianjun
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a reversible syndrome clinically manifested by significant variations in neuroimaging. Early treatment is indispensable to achieve the reversibility, which requires the punctual alleviation of its inducing factors.

Patient concerns:

Most symptoms of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) patients can be dispelled followed by a good prognosis after the inducement removal. The patient died due to the untimely diagnosis and treatment of the primary disease. Therefore, sufficient attention should be paid to the PRES induced by ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Diagnosis and interventions:

The patient is a middle-aged male, with acute onset, previous history of hypertension, cholecystectomy, intestinal obstruction, spontaneous renal rupture, etc. For this complaint, the manifestations are mainly blurred vision with convulsion and transient disturbance of consciousness. In 1 day of treatment, these symptoms were relieved, and he was diagnosed as PRES combined with the cranial imaging. The AAV of the patient was confirmed by spleen pathology.

Outcomes:

Despite the relief of most symptoms in 1 day of symptomatic treatment, it is highly likely that the patient eventually died of AAV, it is highly likely that the patient eventually died of AAV which will invade the vascular system due to the failure to treat the primary disease in time.

Lessons:

For patients diagnosed as PRES, the punctual identification of cause should be performed, so as to diagnose and correct the cause and primary disease as soon as possible, accompanied with the dynamical observation of the relevant indicators for suspected patients to avoid systemic organ failure.
Persistent severe muscle pain following mistakenly injected high-dose bee venom: A care-compliant case report
Authors: Chang Min Cheol
Published: January 2023

Rationale:

In clinical practice, bee venom injection into acupuncture points is used to relieve various types of musculoskeletal pain. In the current study, we describe a patient who had persistent severe muscle pain caused by mistakenly injected high-dose bee venom.

Patient concerns:

A 63-year-old woman mistakenly received an injection of high-dose (2 mL; standard dose, 0.1 mL) bee venom (diluted in saline at a 1:2000 ratio). Immediately after the injection, extreme burning pain developed at the injection site, which persisted for 1 month with a mean pain score of 9 on the numeric rating scale. T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced axial lumbar magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased intensity in the medial part of the left psoas muscle around the L4-5 intervertebral disc level.

Diagnosis:

This finding indicated the presence of inflammation in the left psoas muscle, which was thought to be associated with pain.

Interventions:

A buprenorphine transdermal patch (releasing 5 mcg/hours) was applied to alleviate the pain.

Outcomes:

Six months after the bee venom injection, the pain completely resolved.

Lessons:

Bee venom has a strong toxic effect; therefore, only a minimal dose of diluted bee venom should be administered for musculoskeletal pain control. Special caution is required during bee venom injection to avoid excessive doses of bee venom.
Construction of DNA methylation-based nomogram for predicting biochemical-recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Jiayu , Zhang Le
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to develop a DNA methylation-based nomogram for predicting biochemical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer. A DNA methylation signature was obtained via univariate, lasso, and stepwise multivariate Cox regression models. A 11-DNA methylation signature yielded a high evaluative performance for biochemical-recurrence-free survival. Cox regression analysis indicated that 11-DNA methylation signature and Gleason score served as independent risk factors. A nomogram was constructed based on the 11-DNA methylation signature and Gleason score, and C-index as well as the calibration plots demonstrated good performance and clinical application of the nomogram. A DNA methylation-associated nomogram serve as a prognosis stratification tool to predict the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy.
Determination of diagnostic and predictive parameters for vertical mandibular invasion in patients with lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Kim Mai , Palangka Citra R.A.P. , Seki-Soda Mai , Ogawa Masaru , Takayama Yu , Yokoo Satoshi
Published: January 2023

Vertical mandibular invasion of lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma (LGSCC) determines the method of resection, which significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, in mandibular invasion by LGSCC, it is extremely important to monitor progression, specifically whether invasion is limited to the cortical bone or has progressed to the bone marrow. This retrospective study aimed to identify the diagnostic and predictive parameters for mandibular invasion, particularly vertical invasion, to enable appropriate selection of the method of mandibular resection. Of the patients who underwent surgery for LGSCC between 2009 and 2017, 64 were eligible for participation in the study based on tissue microarrays (TMA) from surgical specimens. This study analyzed morphological features using computed tomography (CT), and metabolic characteristics using maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), peak value of SUV (SUVpeak), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of proteins, including parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), E-cadherin, and programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate logistic regression analysis with the forward selection method. The present study showed that MTV (≥2.9 cm3) was an independent diagnostic and predictive factor for positivity of mandibular invasion. Additionally, TLG (≥53.9 bw/cm3) was an independent diagnostic and predictive factor for progression to bone marrow invasion. This study demonstrated that in addition to morphological imaging by CT, the volume-based parameters of MTV and TLG on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were important for predicting pathological mandibular invasion in patients with LGSCC. A more accurate preoperative diagnosis of vertical mandibular invasion would enable the selection of appropriate surgical procedure for mandibular resection.
Anterior chamber parameters in cataract surgery candidates from middle China
Authors: Lei Qiong , Wang Yong , Zhou Hezheng , Cao Danmin , Hu Jun , Zhang Wanping , Xing Yiqiao
Published: January 2023

To determine the distribution of the anterior chamber parameters and associated factors in cataractous adults from middle China. In this cross-sectional study, axial length, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) were measured with IOLMaster 700. The Pentacam HR was designed to measure the anterior chamber volume (ACV) and anterior chamber angle (ACA). Patients’ data were collected and analyzed between 2020 and 2022. A total of 157 eyes of 157 Chinese adults (mean age: 64.43 ± 12.16 years) with a cataract were enrolled in this study. The mean values measured were as follows: axial length, 24.10 ± 2.44mm; ACD, 2.99 ± 0.52 mm; LT, 4.51 ± 0.48 mm; ACV, 113.98 ± 45.12 mm3; ACA, 32.33 ± 7.66 degrees. The ACD and ACV were statistically significantly greater in men than in women and had a decrease trend as age and LT increased. In the simulated linear equation of age with ACD and LT the absolute slope coefficients of equations were the same; however, the directions were opposite. The mean ACV was <100 mm3 when the patients were over 60 years. In the multivariate regression analysis of ACD, ACV and ACA there was a reasonable prediction with adjusted R
2 = 0.878, 0.847 and 0.564, respectively. This study may provide normative data for cataract patients. The profile of anterior chamber can help improve the knowledge of the risk of angle closure in cataract candidates.
Prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of metaplastic breast cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Xiaolu , Tang Tiantian , Zhou Tao
Published: January 2023

Background:

To compare the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods:

A meta-analysis was performed on relevant cohort or case-control studies retrieved by a literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and Web of Science databases. Hazard ratio (HR) was used to evaluate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate clinicopathological characteristics, including age, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis status, distant metastasis status, TNM staging, and histological grade.

Results:

Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with TNBC patients, the HRs for 5-year DFS and 5-year OS of those with MBC were 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36 − 1.98; P < .001) and 1.52 (95% CI 1.27 − 1.81; P < .001), respectively. The OR for age ≥ 50 years, tumor diameter ≤ 5 cm, lymph node-negative, distant metastasis, TNM stage III and IV, and histological grade 3 was 1.63 (95% CI 1.45–1.84), 0.29 (95% CI 0.14–0.58), 1.46 (95% CI 1.13–1.88), 1.59 (95% CI 0.89–2.81), 1.49 (95% CI 0.80–2.77), and 2.25 (95% CI 0.85–5.97), respectively.

Conclusion:

Patients with MBC had worse prognosis than those with TNBC. Furthermore, regarding clinicopathological characteristics, patients with MBC mostly presented at ≥ 50 years of age, with tumor diameter > 5 cm, and negative lymph nodes at first diagnosis. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence of distant metastasis, TNM stages III and IV, or histological grade 3. MBC treatment was not assessed in this study. Data from randomized controlled trials are needed to guide the treatment of patients with MBC.
Whipple’s disease review, prevalence, mortality, and characteristics in the United States: A cross-sectional national inpatient study
Authors: Ahmad Akram I. , Wikholm Colin , Pothoulakis Ioannis , Caplan Claire , Lee Arielle , Buchanan Faith , Kyoo Cho Won
Published: January 2023

Whipple’s disease is a rare multiorgan systemic disease caused by Tropheryma whipplei infection that may present with a wide range of signs and symptoms. This study aim to comprehensively review and determine the inpatient prevalence, mortality, risk factors, and reasons for hospitalization of patients with Whipple’s disease. ICD-10 codes were used to identify admissions with Whipple’s disease during the years 2016 to 2018. Characteristics of admissions with and without Whipple’s disease were compared. The most common reasons for hospitalization were identified in admissions with Whipple’s disease. The prevalence of Whipple’s disease was 4.6 per 1 million hospitalizations during the study period. Whipple’s disease admissions were significantly older than other hospitalizations, with a mean age of 60.2 ± 1.6 years compared to 50.0 ± 0.1. Males were more likely to have Whipple’s disease and represented approximately two-thirds of hospitalizations. A disproportionate number of admissions occurred in the Midwest. Patients with Whipple’s disease were most commonly admitted for gastrointestinal disease, followed by systemic infection, cardiovascular/circulatory disease, musculoskeletal disease, respiratory disease, and neurological disease. High mortality was seen in admissions for central nervous system (CNS) disease. Whipple’s disease has heterogeneous presentations for inpatient admissions, and disproportionately affects older males. High hospitalization rates in the Midwest support environmental and occupational disease transmission likely from the soil. Hospitalists should be aware of the various acute, subacute, and chronic presentations of this disease, and that acute presentations may be more common in the inpatient setting.
The exploration of new biomarkers for oral cancer through the ceRNA network and immune microenvironment analysis
Authors: Ma Sai , Guo Jie , Zhang Xuan , Yang Yongchao , Bao Yang , Zhang Suxin , Li Tianke
Published: January 2023

The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and tumor-penetrating immune cells may be related to the prognosis of oral cancer. However, few studies have focused on the correlation between ceRNAs and immune cells. Thus, we developed a method based on a ceRNA network and tumor-infiltrating immune cells to elucidate the molecular pathways that may predict prognosis in patients with oral cancer. Download RNAseq expression data of oral cancer and control samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), obtain differentially expressed genes and establish a ceRNA network. The cox analysis and lasso regression analysis were used to screen key RNAs to establish a prognostic risk assessment model, and draw a 1.3.5-year forecast nomogram. Then the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to screen important tumor immune infiltrating cells associated with oral cancer. Another prognostic predictive model related to immune cells was established. Finally, co-expression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between key genes in the ceRNA network and important immune cells. Multiple external data sets are used to test the expression of key biomarkers. We constructed prognostic risk models of ceRNA and immune cells, which included 9 differentially expressed mRNAs and 2 types of immune cells. It was discovered from the co-expression analysis that a pair of important biomarkers were associated with the prognosis of oral cancer. T cells regulatory and CGNL1 (R = 0.39, P < .001) showed a significant positive correlation. External data set validation also supports this result. In this study, we found that some crucial ceRNAs (GGCT, TRPS1, CGNL1, HENMT1, LCE3A, S100A8, ZNF347, TMEM144, TMEM192) and immune cells (T cells regulatory and Eosinophils) may be related to the prognosis of oral cancer.
The urgency in proposing the optimal obesity cutoff value in Indonesian population: A narrative review
Authors: Nugraha Gaga Irawan , Tahapary Dicky L. , Hidayat Rachmad Wishnu , Manikam Nurul Ratna M. , Syamsunarno Mas Rizky A.A. , Kurniawan Farid , Wiradisuria Errawan R. , Daulay Dwi Yuniati , Harbuwono Dante Saksono , Soegondo Sidartawan
Published: January 2023

In developing nations such as Indonesia, obesity and central obesity have emerged as major public health issues. Many studies have revealed that morbidity and death from obesity-related diseases are already significant in some “Asian” communities at low body mass index (BMI) levels. A recent study showed that the obesity prevalence in Indonesia is underestimated when using the current BMI cutoff (obese ≥ 27.0). Indonesia faced an increase in obesity-related chronic diseases despite having a lower obesity prevalence than developed countries, which may be explained by the underestimation of obesity levels in Indonesia. This creates a huge global health problem, as well as an economic burden. Another recent study on the Indonesian population depicted the new proposed cutoff of waist circumference (WC), which is lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for detecting the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the comorbidities and a strong correlation with obesity. An analysis of 58 studies in 2021 that included Indonesian adult subjects revealed enormous differences and ambiguities in defining obesity cutoffs values among Indonesian researchers. Additionally, we advocate adding the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) staging to the anthropometric classification for a better clinical evaluation of obesity. Considering the urgency of obesity determination in Indonesia for clinical application and study purposes, this review highlights the need to revise the optimal cutoff value for obesity to warrant early prevention and control of diabetes complications.
Lung transplantation in a woman with paraquat poisoning that led to pulmonary fibrosis—Widely reported by the media: A case report
Authors: Wu Yunxiao , Li Ning , Li Suyan , Song Shumei
Published: January 2023

Rationale:

Paraquat is an extremely toxic herbicide with a high mortality rate on poisoning. It can damage vital organs, such as the lungs, liver, heart, and kidneys. In this study, we report a case of pulmonary fibrosis after paraquat poisoning in a patient who underwent a lung transplant procedure after preoperative administration of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents and continuous noninvasive ventilation support therapy.

Patient concerns:

An 18-year-old student was hospitalized owing to diarrhea, chest pain, and gradually evolving dyspnea.

Diagnoses:

Owing to the inability to estimate the intake concentration and dose, paraquat was only detected in the urine on the 13th day, resulting in rapid progression of the disease and severe pulmonary fibrosis.

Interventions:

Extensive media coverage has attracted the attention of all sectors of society. The patient received financial assistance; thus, she could receive a double-lung transplant with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support on the 34th day after the poisoning.

Outcomes:

Postoperatively, the girl was actively rehabilitated, adhered to anti-rejection medication, followed up regularly, and had a good prognosis.

Lessons:

Lung transplantation is currently the most effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis, and mass media campaigns can provide economic support, influence potential organ donation, and provide such patients more chances to survive.
Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy: who benefits from the surgical approach?
Authors: Heidenreich Axel , Paffenholz Pia , Pfister David , Rieger Constantin
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review

Local treatment in oligometastatic prostate cancer patients is associated with improved survival. Nevertheless, in term of surgery, cytoreductive radical prostatectomy has no level of evidence 1 and is an individual treatment approach. We reviewed the recent literature to highlight parameters for selecting patients for a surgical approach.

Recent findings

Retrospective data on oncologic outcome for cytoreductive prostatectomy are confirmed. We identified several parameters that help to select patients for surgery. Patients with a favorable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have excellent oncologic long-term control. Circulating tumor cells (CTC's) are frequently analyzed in more advanced prostate cancer. In case of C-reactive protein (CRP) at least a longer interval to develop castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is shown in case of low CTC count at time of surgery. Nutrition status analyzed as the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP)-score is of significant value in demonstrating an effect of CRP.

From retrospective findings we have several clinical and basic science parameters to select patients for CRP. PSA at the time of surgery is the most frequently analyzed one, whereas CTC and HALP-score are promising tools to select patients that need to be validated.
Stroke Rehabilitation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Kayola Grace , Mataa Mataa M. , Asukile Melody , Chishimba Lorraine , Chomba Mashina , Mortel Dominique , Nutakki Aparna , Zimba Stanley , Saylor Deanna
Published: January 2023

Stroke remains the second leading cause of global disability with 87% of stroke-related disability occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In low- and middle-income countries, access to acute stroke interventions is often limited, making effective poststroke rehabilitation potentially the best available intervention to promote poststroke recovery. Here, we build on our experience as an illustrative example of barriers individuals with stroke face in accessing rehabilitation services and review the literature to summarize challenges to providing effective rehabilitation in low- and middle-income countries. First, we focus on barriers individuals with stroke face in accessing rehabilitation in low- and middle-income countries, including health system barriers, such as lack of national guidelines, low prioritization of rehabilitation services, and inadequate numbers of skilled rehabilitation specialists, as well as patient factors, including limited health literacy, financial constraints, and transportation limitations. Next, we highlight consequences of this lack of rehabilitation access, including higher mortality, poorer functional outcomes, financial burden, caregiver stress, and loss of gross domestic product at a national level. Finally, we review possible strategies that could improve access and quality of rehabilitation services in low- and middle-income countries, including creation of inpatient stroke units, increased training opportunities for rehabilitation specialists, task shifting to available healthcare workers or caregivers, telerehabilitation, and community-based rehabilitation services.
Clinical Implementation of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in an Outpatient Neurorehabilitation Program
Authors: Sebastian Rajani , Cherry-Allen Kendra M. , Pruski April , Sinkowitz Jake , Stilling Joan , Anaya Manuel A. , Cantarero Gabriela , Celnik Pablo A.
Published: January 2023

Motor, speech, and cognitive impairments are the most common consequences of neurological disorders. There has been an increasing interest in the use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation to augment the effects of neurorehabilitation. Numerous research studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation are highly promising neuromodulation tools that can work as adjuvants to standard neurorehabilitation services, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology. However, to date, there are vast differences in methodology in studies including noninvasive brain stimulation parameters, patient characteristics, time point of intervention after injury, and outcome measures, making it difficult to translate and implement transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation in the clinical setting. Despite this, a series of principles are thought to underlie the effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques. We developed a noninvasive brain stimulation rehabilitation program using these principles to provide best practices for applying transcranial direct current stimulation and/or transcranial magnetic stimulation as rehabilitation adjuvants in the clinical setting to help improve neurorehabilitation outcomes. This article outlines our approach, philosophy, and experience.
A Learning Health System Infrastructure for Precision Rehabilitation After Stroke
Authors: French Margaret A. , Daley Kelly , Lavezza Annette , Roemmich Ryan T. , Wegener Stephen T. , Raghavan Preeti , Celnik Pablo
Published: January 2023

Functional recovery and the response to rehabilitation interventions after stroke are highly variable. Understanding this variability will promote precision rehabilitation for stroke, allowing us to deliver targeted interventions to the right person at the right time. Capitalizing on large, heterogeneous data sets, such as those generated through clinical care and housed within the electronic health record, can lead to understanding of poststroke variability. However, accessing data from the electronic health record can be challenging because of data quality, privacy concerns, and the resources required for data extraction. Therefore, creating infrastructure that overcomes these challenges and contributes to a learning health system is needed to achieve precision rehabilitation after stroke. We describe the creation of a Precision Rehabilitation Data Repository that facilitates access to systematically collected data from the electronic health record as part of a learning health system to drive precision rehabilitation. Specifically, we describe the process of (1) standardizing the documentation of functional assessments, (2) obtaining regulatory approval, (3) defining the patient cohort, and (4) extracting data for the Precision Rehabilitation Data Repository. The development of similar infrastructures at other institutions can help generate large, heterogeneous data sets to drive poststroke care toward precision rehabilitation, thereby maximizing poststroke function within an efficient healthcare system.
The Relationship Between Impaired Coronary Endothelial Function and Systemic Markers of Inflammation in People Living With HIV
Authors: Bagchi Shashwatee , Kwapong Yaa A. , Schär Michael , Bonanno Gabriele , Streeb Valerie , Lai Shenghan , Gerstenblith Gary , Weiss Robert G. , Hays Allison G.
Published: January 2023

Background:

People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, partially believed to be related to chronically elevated systemic inflammation. Abnormal systemic endothelial function (SEF) and coronary endothelial function (CEF) develop early in atherogenesis and predict adverse events. It is unknown whether abnormal CEF is related to systemic inflammation in PWH.

Methods:

In this substudy of a prior randomized controlled trial in PWH without prior clinical coronary artery disease suppressed on antiretroviral therapy with CEF as a primary end point (N = 82), we investigated the associations between baseline serum markers of inflammation and adhesion and baseline CEF, assessed by noninvasive MRI measures of percentage changes in coronary blood flow and cross-sectional area during isometric handgrip exercise, and SEF using brachial ultrasound for flow-mediated dilation. We also evaluated whether baseline marker levels were associated with CEF after 8 weeks in the placebo group (N = 40).

Results:

CEF measures were abnormal at baseline, based on trial entry criteria. A higher value of CEF was directly associated with levels of interleukin 10, whereas CEF at baseline was inversely associated with E-selectin. Worse CEF at 8 weeks was directly associated with baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, C-reactive protein, interferon gamma and sICAM-3. SEF at baseline or 8 weeks was not associated with any baseline markers.

Conclusion:

Coronary but not systemic endothelial dysfunction was significantly associated with select markers of inflammation and adhesion in PWH. Furthermore, CEF but not SEF at 8 weeks was associated with baseline levels of inflammation. Our findings suggest that abnormal CEF and systemic markers of inflammation are linked in PWH.
Peripheral blood transcriptome analysis of patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome through high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Yan Bo , Wu Bin , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Wei Yan , Ni Ya-Li
Published: January 2023

Objective:

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a frequent iatrogenic complication that arises during assisted reproduction and accounts for approximately 30% of all in vitro fertilization cycles. Using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the peripheral blood transcriptome of patients with OHSS.

Methods:

Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 15 patients in each of the OHSS high-risk and low-risk groups on the ovum pick-up day. Subsequently, high-throughput sequencing was used to obtain the peripheral blood transcriptomes of five patients each from the high- and low-risk groups. Bioinformatic tools were used for mRNA expression profile mapping and screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Bioinformatics techniques were also implemented in the KEGG signal pathway, GO function, and protein-protein interaction network analyses of DEGs.

Results:

A total of 20,031 genes were identified and 148 were found to be differentially expressed (P <0.05, |log2FC| >0.58), with 52 upregulated and 96 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these genes were involved in extracellular corpuscles (GO:0070062), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), extracellular regions (GO:0005576), immune system response (GO:0006955), PI3K-Akt signaling pathways (hsa04151), cell adhesion molecules (CAMs, hsa04514), focal adhesion (hsa04510), and complement and coagulation cascades (hsa04610). The protein-protein interaction network and qPCR verification predicted that complement C3 (C3), von Willebrand factor (VWF), and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM1) proteins are highly implicated in OHSS and may serve as potential biomarkers for future OHSS studies.

Conclusion:

Transcriptome analysis revealed several DEGs related to OHSS risk factors in the peripheral blood, indicating that these DEGs may be novel players in OHSS development.
Intense Axillary Accumulation of 99mTc-MDP Due to Perspiration
Authors: Guo Linlin , Pan Lili , Shen Guohua
Published: January 2023

Prostate cancer was newly diagnosed in a 73-year-old man. He underwent bone scintigraphy to assess any skeletal involvement. No abnormal uptake was observed in the skeletal system, whereas intense radioactivity was seen in the bilateral axillary regions. Physical examination found large amounts of sweat. Repeat images revealed no axillary activity after washing. This case illustrated axillary accumulation of 99mTc-MDP due to perspiration.
Generalized Muscular Hypermetabolism Caused by Mitochondrial Myopathy Shown on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Liang Menglin , Wu Meiqi , Jia Chenhao , Guo Ruijie , Cui Ruixue
Published: January 2023

An 18-year-old man presented with progressive exercise intolerance and muscle weakness for 1 year with recent acute exacerbation. Laboratory test demonstrated lactic acidosis. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to exclude malignancy and showed generalized muscular hypermetabolism. Muscle biopsy combined with patient's history suggested mitochondrial myopathy. This report illustrates that mitochondrial myopathy may present as generalized muscular hypermetabolism on 18F-FDG PET/CT and thus should be added to the differential diagnoses.
Early Hyperprogression of Lymphoma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy
Authors: He Limeng , Deng Yan , Deng Ying , Xie Hongjun , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2023

18F-FDG PET/CT plays important roles in the staging, treatment monitoring, and prognostic assessment of lymphoma. A 65-year-old woman with refractory large B-cell lymphoma underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging 35 days after a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. The images showed progression of the left maxillary lesion and additional involvement of the left facial subcutaneous tissue. Pathological examination of the left facial lesion led to a diagnosis of early hyperprogression of lymphoma.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON CANCER SCREENING IN DENMARK: A register-based study
Authors: Nonboe Mette Hartmann , Napolitano George , Schroll Jeppe Bennekou , Vejborg Ilse , Waldström Marianne , Lynge Elsebeth
Published: January 2023

Background

Denmark was one of the few countries where it was politically decided to continue cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the actual population uptake of mammography and cervical screening during this period.

Methods

The first COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark was announced on 11 March 2020. To investigate possible changes in cancer screening activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we analysed data from the beginning of 2017 until the end of 2021, searching for trends and outliers in the activity throughout this period, particularly after the first lockdown. Data on mammography screening and cervical screening were retrieved from governmental pandemic-specific monitoring of health care activities.

Results

A brief drop was seen in screening activity right after the first COVID-19 lockdown, but the activity quickly returned to its previous level. A short-term deficit of 43% [-49 to -37] was found for mammography screening. A short-term deficit of 62% [-65 to -58] was found for cervical screening. Furthermore, a slight, statistically significant downward trend in cervical screening from 2018 to 2021 was probably unrelated to the pandemic. Other changes, e.g. a marked drop in mammography screening towards the end of 2021, also seem unrelated to the pandemic.

Conclusions

The policy in Denmark of continuing cancer screening during the pandemic was implemented very effectively.
Using early detection data to estimate the date of emergence of an epidemic outbreak
Authors: Jijón S. , Czuppon P. , Blanquart F. , Débarre F.
Published: January 2023

While the first infection of an emerging disease is often unknown, information on early cases can be used to date it. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, previous studies have estimated dates of emergence (e.g., first human SARS-CoV-2 infection, emergence of the Alpha SARS-CoV-2 variant) using mainly genomic data. Another dating attempt used a stochastic population dynamics approach and the date of the first reported case. Here, we extend this approach to use a larger set of early reported cases to estimate the delay from first infection to theNthcase. We first validate our model using data on Alpha variant infections in the UK, dating the first Alpha infection at (median) August 21, 2020 (95% interquantile range across retained simulations, IqR: July 23 – September 5, 2020. Next, we apply our model to data on COVID-19 cases with symptom onset before mid-January 2020. We date the first SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan at (median) November 28, 2019 (95%IqR: November 2–December 9, 2019). Our results fall within ranges previously estimated by studies relying on genomic data. Our population dynamics-based modelling framework is generic and flexible, and thus can be applied to estimate the starting time of outbreaks in contexts other than COVID-19.

Author summary

While the first infection of an emerging disease is often unknown, information on early cases can be used to date it. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, previous studies have estimated dates of emergence of epidemic outbreaks (e.g., first human SARS-CoV-2 infection, emergence of the Alpha SARS-CoV-2 variant) using mainly genomic data. Another dating attempt used a population-level stochastic approach and the date of the first reported case. Here, we extend this generic and flexible approach to use a larger set of early reported cases to estimate the time elapsed between the first infection and theNthcase. Our model dates the first Alpha infection at around August 21, 2020, and the first SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan at around November 28, 2019. Our findings fall within ranges previously estimated by studies relying on genomic data.
Development and validation of a high throughputNeisseria gonorrhoeaegenotyping method
Authors: Komori Kohji , Aoki Kotaro , Ishii Yoshikazu , Shimuta Ken , Ohnishi Makoto , Tateda Kazuhiro
Published: January 2023

Background

Neisseria gonorrhoeaegenotyping by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is expensive for a large sample set, a less expensive and more efficient genotyping method is required. We developed a high-throughput genotyping method forN. gonorrhoeaeto improve molecular epidemiological typing and antimicrobial-resistant identification inN. gonorrhoeaeantimicrobial susceptibility surveillance.

Methods

We used multiplex-tailed PCR to amplify and sequence 15 alleles from multilocus sequence typing (MLST),N. gonorrhoeaemultiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), andN. gonorrhoeaesequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR). After indexing-PCR, we sequenced the DNA library using the MiSeq platform (Illumina). Sequencing reads werede novoassembly or constructing consensus sequences of alleles, then assigned sequence type. We used 54 previously characterized strains ofN. gonorrhoeaeand WGS data to validate our method.

Results

The allele identification results of MLST and NG-STAR in all strains agreed with the draft WGS. However, in NG-MAST, only 35 strains agreed. Disagreement was found in the NG-MAST ofporBin 15 strains and oftbpBin seven strains. QRDR analysis perfectly predicted levofloxacin resistance. But was less successful in predicting reduced susceptibility or resistance phenotype to penicillin G, cefixime, or ceftriaxone usingpenA, porB, ponA, ormtrRalleles.

Conclusions

The successful performance in MLST and NG-STAR of our method was validated in this study. This method may be useful for large-scale genotyping forN. gonorrhoeaesurveillance in a cost- and labor-saving manner. Phenotypic prediction of antimicrobial susceptibility by combining multiple alleles may be necessary for other than fluoroquinolones.
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) variants modulate the cytokine release syndrome and mortality of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Attur Mukundan , Petrilli Christopher , Adhikari Samrachana , Iturrate Eduardo , Li Xiyue , Tuminello Stephanie , Hu Nan , Chakravarti Aravinda , Beck David , Abramson Steven B.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To explore the regulation of the inflammatory response in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, we examined effects of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) ofIL1RN, the gene encoding the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), on the cytokine release syndrome and mortality.

Methods

We studied 2589 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 between March 2020 and March 2021 at NYU Langone’s Tisch Hospital. CTA and TTG haplotypes formed from three SNVs (rs419598, rs315952, rs9005) and the individual SNVs of theIL1RNgene were assessed for association with laboratory markers of the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and mortality.

Results

Mortality in the population was 15.3%, and was lower in women than men (13.1% vs.17.3%, p<0.0003). Carriers of the CTA-1/2IL1RNhaplotypes exhibiteddecreasedinflammatory markers andincreasedplasma IL-1Ra relative to TTG carriers. Decreased mortality among CTA-1/2 carriers was observed in male patients between the ages of 55-74 [9.2% vs. 17.9%, p=0.001]. Evaluation of individual SNVs of theIL1RNgene (rs419598, rs315952, rs9005) indicated that carriers of theIL1RNrs419598 CC SNV exhibited lower inflammatory biomarker levels, and was associated with reduced mortality compared to the CT/TT genotype in men (OR 0.49 (0.23 – 1.00); 0.052), with the most pronounced effect observed between the ages of 55-74 [5.5% vs. 18.4%, p<0.001].

Conclusion

TheIL1RNhaplotype CTA, and sequence variant of rs419598 are associated with attenuation of the cytokine release syndrome and decreased mortality in males with acute SARS-CoV2 infection. The data suggest thatIL1RNmodulates the COVID-19 cytokine release syndrome via endogenous “ anti-inflammatory” mechanisms.

Significance statement

We provide evidence that variants ofIL1RNmodulate the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. TheIL1RN CTA haplotype andrs419598 CC single nucleotide variant are associated with decreased plasma levels of inflammatory markers, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-2 (IL-2), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, ferritin, and procalcitonin, in association with higher levels of IL-1Ra and IL-10, anti-inflammatory proteins. Both haplotype CTA and rs419598 CC genotype are associated with a significant reduction in the mortality of men. These data provide genetic evidence that inflammasome activation and the IL-1 pathway plays an important role in the mortality and morbidity associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that genetic regulation of inflammatory pathways by variants ofIL1RNmerits further evaluation in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The community as an active part in the implementation of interventions for the prevention and control of tuberculosis: a scoping review
Authors: Chavez-Rimache Lesly , Ugarte-Gil César , Brunette Maria J
Published: January 2023

Interventions involving direct community stakeholders include a variety of approaches in which members take an active role in improving their health. We evaluated studies in which the community has actively participated to strengthen tuberculosis prevention and control programs. A literature search was performed in Pubmed, Scopus, ERIC, Global Index Medicus, Scielo, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Google Scholar, speciality journals, and other bibliographic references. The primary question for this review was: what is known about tuberculosis control interventions and programs in which the community has been an active part?.

Two reviewers performed the search, screening and selection of studies independently. In cases of discrepancies over the eligibility of an article, it was resolved by consensus. 130 studies were selected, of which 68.47% (n=89/130) were published after 2010. The studies were conducted in Africa (44.62%), the Americas (22.31%) and Southeast Asia (19.23%). It was found that 20% (n=26/130) of the studies evaluated the participation of the community in the detection/active search of cases, 20.77% (n=27/130) in the promotion/prevention of tuberculosis; 23.07% (n=30/130) in identifying barriers to treatment, 46.15% (n=60/130) in supervision during treatment and 3.08% (n=4/130) in social support for patient. Community participation not only strengthens the capacities of health systems for the prevention and control of tuberculosis, but also allows a better understanding of the disease from the perspective of the patient and the affected community by identifying barriers and difficulties through of the tuberculosis care cascade. Engaging key community stakeholders in co-creating solutions offers a critical pathway for local governments to eradicate TB.
Estimating the impact of test-trace-isolate-quarantine systems on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Australia
Authors: Shearer Freya M. , McCaw James M. , Ryan Gerard , Hao Tianxiao , Tierney Nicholas J , Lydeamore Michael , Ward Kate , Ellis Sally , Wood James , McVernon Jodie , Golding Nick
Published: January 2023

We report on an analysis of Australian COVID-19 case data to estimate the impact of TTIQ systems on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in 2020–21. We estimate that in a low prevalence period in the state of New South Wales (tens of cases per day), TTIQ contributed to a 54% reduction in transmission. In a higher prevalence period in the state of Victoria (hundreds of cases per day), TTIQ contributed to a 42% reduction in transmission. Our results also suggest that case-initiated contact tracing can support timely quarantine in times of system stress. Contact tracing systems for COVID-19 in Australia were highly effective and adaptable in supporting the national suppression strategy through 2020 and 2021.
The SENSOR System: Using Standardized Data Entry and Dashboards for Review of Scientific Studies on the Utility of Blood-Based Protein Biomarkers for Patients with Mild Brain Injury
Authors: Aggerwal Salena , Safi Toufik , Beliveau Lt (N) Peter , Gupta Gaurav
Published: January 2023

Background

There is no objective way of diagnosing or prognosticating acute traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). A systematic review conducted byMondello et al. reviewed studies looking at blood based protein biomarkers in the context of acute mild traumatic brain injuries and correlation to results of computed tomography scanning. This paper provides a summary of this same literature using the SENSOR system.

Methods

An existing review written byMondello et al. was selected to apply the previously described SENSOR system (Kamal et al.) that uses a systematic process made up of a Google Form for data intake, Google Drive for article access, and Google Sheets for the creation of the dashboard. The dashboard consisted of a map, bubble graphs, multiple score charts, and a pivot table to facilitate the presentation of data.

Results

A total of 29 entries were inputted by two team members. Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs), demographics, cut-off levels, biomarker levels, and assay ranges were analyzed and presented in this study. S100B and GFAP biomarkers may provide good clinical utility, whereas UCH-L1, C-Tau, and NSE do not.

Discussion

This study determined the feasibility and reliability of multiple biomarkers (S100B, UCH-L1, GFAP, C-tau, and NSE) in predicting traumatic brain lesions on CT scans, in mTBI patients, using the SENSOR system. Many potential limitations exist for the existing literature including controlling for known confounders for mild traumatic brain injuries.

Conclusion

The SENSOR system is an adaptable, dynamic, and graphical display of scientific studies that has many benefits, which may still require further validation. Certain protein biomarkers may be helpful in deciding which patients with mTBIs require CT scans, but impact on prognosis is still not clear based on the available literature.