bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assistência de enfermagem frente aos aspectos psicoemocionais de mulheres mastectomizadas
Authors: Bernardino Amanda de Oliveira , Silva Matheus Vinicius Barbosa da , Ferreira Filho Edite Barbosa , Silva Francisco de Assis da , Silva Polyana Maccoy e , Dos Santos Lima Rosana
Published: May 2024

O câncer de mama ou neoplasia da mama, é um dos tipos de cânceres mais frequentes, e um dos mais prevalentes entre as mulheres. O diagnóstico e determinados tratamentos, como a cirurgia de mastectomia, levam as mulheres a vivenciarem diferentes sentimentos, sendo os pensamentos negativos os mais predominantes. Desta maneira, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever a importância da assistência do enfermeiro frente aos aspectos psicoemocionais de mulheres mastectomizadas. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, desenvolvida nas bases eletrônicas de dados Medline e Lilacs. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: Neoplasias da mama; Enfermagem; Emoções; Mastectomia. Foram encontrados 2314 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados oito. Os resultados e discussões foram divididos em dois eixos temáticos: O primeiro trata das emoções das mulheres mastectomizadas, cujos sentimentos advindos com o diagnóstico da doença passam a afetar diferentes aspectos psicoemocionais, como personalidade, sexualidade, família e relações sociais. E o segundo trata da assistência de enfermagem após a mastectomia, a qual deve se dar de maneira integral, visando tanto o restabelecimento da saúde física quanto emocional. A enfermagem pode desempenhar um cuidado diferenciado e voltado para as necessidades psicoemocionais das mulheres, promovendo tratamento e assistência humanizados, orientados e voltados a uma melhor qualidade de vida, e com o fim de estimular a autoajuda, a autoestima e a aceitação de seu corpo.
The Long-Term Loss of Smell and Taste in COVID-19 Patients – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Passos Jaqueline Dal Curtivo , Borges Yan Santos , Laureano Henrique Aparecido , Guiloski Izonete Cristina
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Olfactory symptoms have been reported as particular in COVID-19 patients. Objective: To synthesize and analyze the existing evidence on the monitoring loss of sense of smell and taste in COVID-19 patients, and for how long symptoms persist after the virus is no longer active in the organism. Methods: A search was implemented in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA, and the risk of bias was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO. Results: Our systematic review included data from 14 articles with a total of 2143 participants. The most reported sensory symptom of COVID-19 was anosmia, which was detected in 1499 patients, being the only symptom to appear in all studies. Ageusia was detected in 595 patients, dysgeusia in 514 patients, and hyposmia in 209 patients. The studies provided the number of 729 patients with sensory symptoms during the acute COVID-19 infection of 15 days, and 1020 patients with lasting sensory symptoms, presenting sensory dysfunctions after the average latent period of 15 days of the acute COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Evidence points to the loss or dysfunction of taste and smell as one of the symptoms of COVID-19 persisting for an average time of 15 days, with 44% of COVID-19 patients with persistent symptoms for more than 15 days. Nevertheless, most studies do not perform a follow-up with those patients. Therefore, further research on sensory symptoms and their follow-up is required.
Effectiveness of Pilates-based exercises on the diastasis recti abdominis in climacteric women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Silva Elaine Priscila Garcia , Bortolli Thainá Tolosa de , Vesentini Giovana , Marini Gabriela
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Recent studies have related the climacteric period with changes in connective tissue elasticity that may be related to diastasis recti abdominis. Mat Pilates is a method of exercise without impact that currently has more practitioners, due to its satisfactory results. However, there are no studies that evaluate the effectiveness of mat Pilates for women with diastasis recti abdominis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the mat Pilates program in climacteric women with diastasis recti abdominis. Methods: This randomized single-blinded clinical trial evaluated climacteric women with diastasis recti abdominis. The participants were randomized into the experimental group, which participated in 3 weekly sessions of mat Pilates for 12 weeks for a total of 36 sessions, and the control group (without exercises). The inter-rectus distance was measured with a digital caliper. The G*Power Version 3.1.9.2. software was used for the sample calculation, and the SPSS 20.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study comprised 21 women, including 10 in the control group and 11 in the experimental group, with mean ages of 54.3 ± 7.1 and 55.3 ± 6.0 years and body mass index values of 28.8 ± 5.5 kg/m2 and 29.9 ± 4.48 kg/m2, respectively. In the experimental group, reductions were observed in all the measures related to diastasis recti abdominis (p<0.05) in the supraumbilical, umbilical, and infra-umbilical regions. Conclusion: The mat Pilates method is effective for reducing diastasis recti abdominis in the climacteric period.
Prevalência de depressão e ansiedade e fatores associados em estudantes no sul do Brasil: resultados da pesquisa Respire
Authors: Häfele César Augusto , Feter Natan , Kremer Marina Marques , Bacchieri Giancarlo , Borges Thiago Terra
Published: May 2024

Introdução: No Brasil, a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão aumentaram significativamente desde o início da pandemia de COVID-19. No entanto, há uma lacuna no número de estudos que investigaram a prevalência destes sintomas em estudantes de idade escolar no Brasil. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de depressão e ansiedade e seus fatores associados em estudantes no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um censo em todos os 14 campi do Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense através de um instrumento on-line, auto preenchido, com variáveis biológicas, sociodemográficas, de saúde, nutricionais e comportamentais. A saúde mental foi coletada através da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 5.112 estudantes com prevalência de sintomas moderados ou severos de ansiedade e depressão de 34,3% e 24,3%, respectivamente. Após a análise ajustada, ser mulher, ter renda baixa, maior tempo de tela no trabalho, pior percepção de saúde, maior consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, baixa qualidade de sono, ser fumante, consumir bebidas alcoólicas e usar medicamentos foram fatores de risco para ansiedade e depressão. Foram associadas somente a ansiedade, ser mais jovem e ter tido familiar/amigo morto por COVID-19. Ser casado e ter menor tempo de tela no lazer foi fator protetor para depressão. Praticar atividade física reduziu 18% e 33% a probabilidade de apresentar sintomas mais severos de ansiedade e depressão, respectivamente. Conclusão: É importante a implementação de políticas de gestão no cuidado da saúde dos estudantes nas escolas durante o retorno as atividades presenciais.
Un carteggio sulla struttura e la funzione nel diritto. 1964-1980
Authors: Bobbio Norberto , Carrió Genaro R.
Published: May 2024

Il carteggio tra Norberto Bobbio (1909-2004) e l’argentino Genaro Rubén Carrió (1922- 1997) inizia nel 1964 e si conclude nel 1980. Nel corso dei 16 anni del carteggio i due filosofi del diritto ebbero modo anche di incontrarsi di persona e di scambiarsi varie pubblicazioni, oggi conservate al Centro Studi Piero Gobetti di Torino insieme con gli originali delle lettere qui pubblicate. I due studiosi seguono percorsi intellettuali diversi. Bobbio è un filosofo del diritto con un forte interesse per la speculazione filosofica, come dimostra la sua laurea in Filosofia teoretica subito dopo la laurea in Giurisprudenza. Invece Genaro Carrió (che per tutta la vita esercitò anche l’avvocatura) dichiara di affrontare il diritto “dal punto di vista dell’avvocato pratico, il cui interesse centrale è l’interpretazione giudiziale delle norme giuridiche”. I loro percorsi si intersecano nel 1965 quando, al convegno di Bellagio dedicato alla nozione di “obbligo”, Carrió espose le sue idee sulla trasformazione dello Stato moderno in Stato assistenziale, nel quale alle tradizionali norme punitive vengono associate le norme di incentivo, affiancando così la sanzione premiale alla sanzione penale. Il momento della trasformazione, per Bobbio, può quindi essere individuato nel convegno di Bellagio del 1965. Le idee di Carrió, poi pubblicate negli atti del convegno stesso, indussero Bobbio a rivedere la sua visione del diritto: nelle sue ultime opere Bobbio affiancò una concezione funzionale del diritto, ispirata a Carrió, alla sua precedente visione strutturale del diritto, fondata sulla dottrina pura del diritto di Hans Kelsen. Questa evoluzione di Bobbio è attestata dal suo primo saggio sulla funzione promozionale del diritto del 1969 (che si apre con un richiamo diretto alla relazione di Carrió al convegno di Bellagio) e culmina nel 1977 con la pubblicazione del volume che già nel titolo rivela il suo mutamento di paradigma nello studio del diritto: Dalla struttura alla funzione.
Novel 3D Approach to Model Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease using human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Morell Carola Maria , Tilson Samantha Grace , Tomaz Rute Alexandra , Shahsavari Arash , Munteanu Andi , Canu Giovanni , Wesley Brandon Tyler , Perrin Marion , Geti Imbisaat , Mukhopadhyay Subhankar , Mazzacuva Francesca , Gissen Paul , Garcia-Bernardo Jose , Bachman Martin , Rimland Casey Allison , Sampaziotis Fotios , Mohorianu Irina , Vallier Ludovic
Published: May 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health care challenge and new therapies are urgently needed. However, the mechanisms underlying disease remain to be understood. Indeed, studying NAFLD remains challenging due to the lack of model systems recapitulating the different aspects of the human pathology. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a unique opportunity to address this limitation since they can be differentiated into large quantity of liver cells. Here, we took advantage of hiPSCs to develop a multi-cellular platform mimicking the complex interplays involved in NAFLD progression.hiPSCs-derived hepatocyte like cells (HLCs), cholangiocytes, stellate cells, and macrophages were co-cultured in a collagen-based 3D system to reproduce the liver microenvironment. Fatty acid treatments led to a NAFLD phenotype involving cell-cell interactions which were investigated by transcriptomic and functional analyses.Hepatic cells were grown up to 4weeks in 3D, retaining key functions and markers. Importantly, co-cultured cells spontaneously reorganised into physiologically relevant connections: HLCs arranged around biliary structures, which established contacts with stellate cells, while macrophages organised around HLCs. Fatty acid treatments induced steatosis and lipotoxicity in HLCs. Furthermore, fat-laden HLCs prompted a non-parenchymal cells response altering tissue architecture.Our multicellular platform provides a new approach to model interactions between human hepatic cells during NAFLD progression. Such approach has the potential to investigate the sequential events driving chronic liver diseases, including hepatocellular injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, our system provides a unique and urgently needed tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with NAFLD and ultimately to validate new targets for therapeutics development.
Human Pannexin 1 Channel is NOT Phosphorylated by Src Tyrosine Kinase at Tyr199 and Tyr309
Authors: Ruan Zheng , Lee Junuk , Li Yangyang , Du Juan , Lü Wei
Published: May 2024

Protein phosphorylation is one of the major molecular mechanisms regulating protein activity and function throughout the cell. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a large-pore channel permeable to ATP and other cellular metabolites. Its tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent activation have been found to play critical roles in diverse cellular conditions, including neuronal cell death, acute inflammation, and smooth muscle contraction. Specifically, the non-receptor kinase Src has been reported to phosphorylate Tyr198 and Tyr308 of mouse PANX1 (equivalent to Tyr199 and Tyr309 of human PANX1), resulting in channel opening and ATP release. Although the Src-dependent PANX1 activation mechanism has been widely discussed in the literature, independent validation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PANX1 has been lacking. Here, we show that commercially available antibodies against the two phosphorylation sites mentioned above—which were used to identify endogenous PANX1 phosphorylation at these two sites— are nonspecific and should not be used to interpret results related to PANX1 phosphorylation. We further provide evidence that neither tyrosine residue is a major phosphorylation site for Src kinase in heterologous expression systems. We call on the field to re-examine the existing paradigm of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent activation of the PANX1 channel.
Characterisation and comparison of semen microbiota and bacterial load in men with infertility, recurrent miscarriage, or proven fertility
Authors: Mowla Shahriar , Farahani Linda , Tharakan Tharu , Davies Rhianna , Correia Gonçalo DS , Lee Yun S , Kundu Samit , Khanjani Shirin , Sindi Emad , Rai Raj , Regan Lesley , Khalifa Dalia , Henkel Ralf , Minhas Suks , Dhillo Waljit S , Ben Nagi Jara , Bennett Phillip R , MacIntyre David A , Jayasena Channa N
Published: May 2024

Several studies have associated seminal microbiota abnormalities with male infertility but have yielded differing results owing to their limited sizes or depths of analyses. The semen microbiota during recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has not been investigated. Comprehensively assessing the seminal microbiota in men with reproductive disorders could elucidate its potential role in clinical management. We used semen analysis, terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated-deoxyuridine-triphosphate-nick-end-labelling, Comet DNA fragmentation, luminol ROS chemiluminescence and metataxonomic profiling of semen microbiota by16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in this prospective, cross-section study to investigate composition and bacterial load of seminal bacterial genera and species, semen parameters, reactive oxidative species (ROS), and sperm DNA fragmentation in men with reproductive disorders and proven fathers. 223 men were enrolled included healthy men with proven paternity (n=63); the male partners in a couple encountering RPL (n=46); n=58, men with male factor infertility (n=58); the male partners of couples unexplained infertility (n=56). Rates of high sperm DNA fragmentation, elevated ROS and oligospermia were more prevalent in the study group compared with control. In all groups, semen microbiota clustered into three major genera-dominant groups (1, Streptococcus; 2, Prevotella; 3, Lactobacillus and Gardnerella); no species clusters were identified. Group 2 had the highest microbial richness (P<0.001), alpha-diversity (P<0.001), and bacterial load (P<0.0001). Semen analysis, ROS and DNA fragmentation were not associated with overall bacterial composition or load. Whilst, global perturbation of the seminal microbiota is not associated with male reproductive disorders, men with unidentified seminal
Flavobacterium
are more likely to have abnormal seminal analysis. Future studies may elucidate if
Flavobacterium
reduction has therapeutic potential.
A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies calreticulin as a selective repressor of ATF6α
Authors: Tung Joanne , Huang Lei , George Ginto , Harding Heather P , Ron David , Ordonez Adriana
Published: May 2024

Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is one of three endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane stress sensors that mediate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Despite its crucial role in long-term ER stress adaptation, regulation of ATF6 alpha (α) signalling remains poorly understood, possibly because its activation involves ER-to-Golgi and nuclear trafficking. Here, we generated an ATF6α/Inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE1) dual UPR reporter CHO-K1 cell line and performed an unbiased genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis screen to systematically profile genetic factors that specifically contribute to ATF6α signalling in the presence and absence of ER stress. The screen identified both anticipated and new candidate genes that regulate ATF6α activation. Among these, calreticulin (CRT), a key ER luminal chaperone, selectively repressed ATF6α signalling: Cells lacking CRT constitutively activated a BiP::sfGFP ATF6α-dependent reporter, had higher BiP levels and an increased rate of trafficking and processing of ATF6α. Purified CRT interacted with the luminal domain of ATF6α in vitro and the two proteins co-immunoprecipitated from cell lysates. CRT depletion exposed a negative feedback loop implicating ATF6α in repressing IRE1 activity basally and overexpression of CRT reversed this repression. Our findings indicate that CRT, beyond its known role as a chaperone, also serves as an ER repressor of ATF6α to selectively regulate one arm of the UPR.
Use of Absolute Alcohol in Preservation of Cell Morphology in Fluid Cytology at Various Temperatures: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tiwari Neema , Jaiswal Navya , Tiwari Archita Kansal , Bansal Rani , Tomar Shivani
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Fluid cytology and the examination of malignant cells play an important role in the treatment of critical cases. The Department of Pathology (Cytopathology laboratory) receives samples for fluid cytology and examines malignant cells, reporting the White Blood Cell (WBC) count in the received fluid and the morphological findings of the cells examined on smears. Degeneration of cells in these body fluid samples, especially if the samples are not stored under proper conditions, is a common problem faced by many laboratories. Even overnight storage (12 hours) of these body fluids at temperatures of 4-8ºC (domestic refrigerators) may still cause some degree of degenerative changes. This becomes problematic in cytopathological reporting of body fluids, particularly when the samples are limited in amount or are from areas that cannot be re-aspirated {e.g., Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)}. While alcohol is a common fixative used for cell fixation in cytopathology, it is rarely used for fixing cells in fluid samples. Aim: To test the usage of absolute alcohol as a fixative in body fluid samples received in the cytopathology laboratory, which have been stored for 12 hours at two temperatures: room temperature and 4-8ºC. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study was conducted over the periods of two months, from February 2022 to March 2022. A total of 100 body fluid samples (including CSF, ascitic fluid, pleural fluids, etc.) sent for routine workup to the cytopathology laboratory were included in the study. Each body fluid sample (1 mL) was taken in two test tubes, and four drops of 100% (absolute) alcohol were added to both test tubes. The mixture of body fluid and absolute alcohol was then gently shaken, and one set of test tubes was kept at room temperature while the other set was kept at 4-8ºC. The data was tabulated in an MS Excel worksheet, and basic statistical analysis was performed. Results: The age range of cases whose samples were analysed was from one-week-old neonates to 65-year-old adults. The total number of fluid samples was 100, including 42 CSF samples, 23 ascitic fluid samples, 18 pleural fluid samples, and 17 Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) fluid samples. Out of the 42 CSF samples, 15 showed preservation of morphology when the alcohol-body fluid mixture was kept at room temperature, while 22 cases showed preservation of the same mixture at 4-8ºC. Some samples showed no preservation (5 CSF), the reasons for which are discussed below. All the examined body fluids showed better preservation with alcohol at 4-8ºC. Conclusion: The addition of absolute alcohol as a fixative in fluids helps preserve the cytomorphological features of cells and provides better preservation for the diagnosis of fluid samples.
Clindamycin Resistance Detection among MRSA at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aruna V , Theeba VM , Selvan S Arul , Sengodan Rajesh
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, posing a global threat to the success of modern surgical procedures. A common and notorious superbug causing community and hospital-acquired infections is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Its potential for easy and rapid spread leads to increased mortality in hospitals. Clindamycin, a relatively inexpensive and effective drug, is empirically prescribed for the treatment of MRSA infections. Due to the risk of misidentifying clindamycin resistance as susceptibility, leading to treatment failure, its judicious use after D-test is advocated. Aim: To isolate Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) from various clinical specimens and to identify MRSA using cefoxitin disc (30 μg), further determining the incidence of inducible clindamycin resistance among MRSA by the disc diffusion method (D-test). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital (GMKMCH), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India, from June 2023 to August 2023. Study was conducted using 185 S.aureus isolates collected from samples received from patients of all genders treated at the present study hospital. Various clinical samples such as pus, sputum, blood, urine and fluids collected from patients treated at the study Institute Salem during the study period were included. A cefoxitin disc (30 μg) was used to detect MRSA among the 185 S.aureus isolates by disc diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, which were further tested for clindamycin resistance using clindamycin (2 μg) with erythromycin (15 μg) discs by the D-test. The data of the study were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Further descriptive statistics and a chi-square test with a level of significance, p-value ≤0.005 (statistically significant), were used. Results: Among 185 S.aureus isolates, 130 (70.27%) were Methicillin-sensitive S.aureus (MSSA) and 55 (29.7%) were MRSA. Inducible clindamycin resistance was observed in 22 (40%) isolates, while 17 (30.9%) isolates showed constitutive resistance, 9 (16.36%) showed the MS phenotype, and the remaining 7 (12.72%) showed the susceptible phenotype. Among the clindamycin resistance patterns in MRSA, inducible clindamycin resistance was reported predominantly. Conclusion: The majority of S.aureus was isolated from pus samples, highlighting its importance as a pyogenic microorganism. The current study records a high rate of MRSA resistance among S.aureus isolates. The present study reports a higher rate of inducible clindamycin resistance among MRSA isolates when compared to other phenotypes of clindamycin resistance. Therefore, routine D-testing must be implemented to identify inducible resistance to clindamycin in MRSA to avoid treatment failure.
АУТИГЕННЫЙ МОНОСУЛЬФИД ЖЕЛЕЗА ГРЕЙГИТ В ДОННЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЯХ ОКЕАНА
Authors: Леин А.Ю. , Дара О.М.
Published: May 2024

В статье приводится краткий обзор результатов исследования аутигенных моносульфидов железа - магнитного грейгита и немагнитного макинавита - в отложениях двух районов Мирового океана. Оба эти минерала участвуют в образовании микро- и макроконкреций, что делает их более устойчивыми и позволяет участвовать в процессе диагенеза. Грейгит весьма широко распространен в восстановленных четвертичных осадочных отложениях. Его обнаружение в осадках дает возможность реконструировать диагенетические процессы на дне морей и океанов.
МЕЛОВЫЕ ЗВЕРИ АЗИИ: ПРОБЕЛ ЗАПОЛНЯЕТСЯ
Authors: Лопатин А.В. , Аверьянов А.О.
Published: May 2024

Открытие Bayshinoryctes shuvalovi, нового рода и вида стволовых плацентарных из позднемелового (турон - сантон) местонахождения Байшин-Цав в пустыне Гоби, позволяет заполнить пробел в последовательности меловых фаун млекопитающих Монголии. В сочетании с одновозрастными фаунами Узбекистана данная находка характеризует важный этап диверсификации плацентарных млекопитающих первой половины позднего мела в Азии.
Farm Partial Budget Analysis of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) for the Application of Nitrogen and Spacing in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Shelema Abrhaley , Hruy Getachew , Mengesha Berhan
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to assess the economic viability of onion production under varying nitrogen fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing in the study area using partial budget analysis. The experiment employed a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design, conducted at Alamata Agricultural Research Center in Kara Adishabo in 2020. Experimental treatments included nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 Kg N ha-1) and intra-row spacing (5, 10, and 15 cm) with three replications. The partial budget analysis indicated that the treatment combination of 69 kg N ha-1  and 5 cm intra-row spacing yielded the highest net benefit of birr 642602.3. However, based on the marginal rate of return, the recommendation of 46 Kg N ha-1 and 15 cm intra-row spacing, which had a lower net benefit, was rejected after residual analysis. Consequently, the recommended treatment combination is 69 Kg N ha-1 and 5 cm of intra-row spacing, contrary to the previous recommendation. Onion cultivation is a significant economic activity in the southern zone, playing a crucial role in the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Consequently, understanding the production costs and analyzing the financial profitability of this on-farm business is essential in the study area to enhance crop productivity.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Assessment of Chalcones and their Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Owaba Azibanasamesa D.C. , Dode Ebiere , Bassey Ubong B.
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study was to transform chalcones synthesized to their respective pyrimidine derivatives which was successful. The synthesized compounds were subjected to antimicrobial assay against bacteria and fungi organisms screened, however sample ZB had inhibitory effect against bacterial strains. Sample ZB is active against S. aureus and E. coli with an MIC of 5 and 1 mg/mL with a zone of inhibition 11 and 23 mm respectively. When compared to sample B had activity against E. coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and zone of inhibition of 20 mm. Modification of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-one to pyrimidin-2-one increases spectrum of activity against gram positive bacterial S. aureus. Sample A inhibits B. subtilis and P. marneffei with an MIC of   10 mg/mL with a zone of inhibition of 14 mm and 20 mm respectively. Transformation of Sample A to 2-aminopyrimidine drastically abolish the antibacterial and antifungal effect. Sample ZA is inactive against bacteria and fungi organisms, when compared to ZB which inhibits S. aureus and E. coli. The spectral analysis revealed that the samples are in line with literature and had a melting point (100-103oC and 115-117oC) for sample ZA and ZB respectively. The starting materials had a melting point (55-57oC and 95-100oC) for Sample A and B respectively.
Arima Model to Predict the Prevalence of Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 Patients: A Case Study of Jos University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Yunana Termen Nanfwang , Lasisi K. E. , Kwami A. M. , Pam Douglas Jah , Mafolasire Sheyi , Echebiri Chibuike John , Danung Friday Ezekiel , Gambo Salihu
Published: May 2024

Diabetes Mellitus is a huge burden for human health, increasing number of patient is likely to result in rising demand for the medical emergencies. Due to limited number of hospitals with standard laboratory test kits to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes it is important to forecast the future incidences and prepare with proper resource planning. The monthly number of Diabetes patients obtained from Jos University Teaching Hospital is fitted by autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Dataset starting from January, 2010 to December,2020. Using ARIMA, several models were evaluated based on the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Ljung-Box Q statistics. ARIMA(3, 1, 1) is found to be better and used to describe and predict the future trends of Diabetes  type 1 and ARIMA(1,1,1) is a better model to predict the future prevalence of diabetes type 2. Therefore, the proposed model will help in the appropriate planning and allocation of resources for emergencies.
Zn Check: Revolutionizing Plant Nutrition with Amino Acid-based Zinc Chelation
Authors: Dasgupta Rajarshi , Bhargaw Akash , Hadimani Amaresh , G. B. Meghana , Shetty Mahesh G. , Ghosh S. K.
Published: May 2024

Zinc plays a vital role in plant growth and development, impacting essential physiological processes such as cell division, nitrogen, carbohydrate metabolism and chloroplast development. However, zinc deficiency poses a significant challenge in agriculture, particularly in crops grown on calcareous soils. Traditional zinc fertilizers, like Zn EDTA, face limitations in alkaline soils, prompting the need for innovative solutions. This study introduces an amino acid-based chelating agent, Zinc Check, synthesized to address these challenges effectively. The research demonstrates the stability and efficacy of Zinc Check across diverse soil conditions, ensuring zinc availability to plants. Through various analytical techniques and pot trials with Pak choi plants, the study confirms the effectiveness of Zinc Check in promoting plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis, surpassing the performance of conventional zinc fertilizers. Moreover, the investigation explores the pH tolerance of Zinc Check, highlighting its stability across a wide pH range. Overall, this study underscores the importance of innovative solutions like Zinc Check in addressing zinc deficiency and enhancing agricultural productivity, contributing to global food security efforts.
Hypoglycaemic Effects of an Aqueous Leaves Extract of Combretum micranthum in Normoglycaemic Rats
Authors: Anderson-Bel Djike Kouehiouon Justin , Stanislas Zahoui Ouga , Christelle Ekra Etchien N’dah , Anthelme Nene Bi Semi , Traore Flavien
Published: May 2024

Background: In order to promote the Ivorian pharmacopoeia, we undertook the study of Combretum micranthum (Combretaceae), a plant commonly used in Ivory Coast for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of an aqueous leaves extract of Combretum micranthum (EaqCM) in Wistar rats.
Methods and Materials: A phytochemical screening study was performed. The pharmacological test on normoglycaemic rats was carried out in 4 groups of 5 rats per group. Rats in group 1 received 2 ml of distilled water, and rats in the test groups received doses ranging at 100 to 300 mg/kg B.W. of the EAqCM. Tests in pre-treated temporarily hyperglycemic rats were performed in 4 groups of 5 rats per group. The rats in groups 1 and 2 received 2ml of distilled water, the rats in test groups (3 and 4) received the dose of 10-2g/kg B.W. and 100 mg/kg B.W. respectively glibenclamide and EAqCM. Thirty minutes later, all rats except those in group 1 received anhydrous glucose. The protocol for testing post-treated hyperglycaemic rats is the same as that for pretreated rats, except that in this experiment glucose is administered to the animals before the test substances. Blood glucose is measured in the rats at regular intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after administration of the substances.
Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of EAqCM revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, catechic, tannins, quinonic compounds, alkaloids, sterols, and polyterpenes. Pharmacological tests on the glycemia of normoglycemic rats showed that EAqCM has hypoglycemic properties at a dose of 100 mg/kgB.W. with a percentage reduction of 30%. In hyperglycemic rats, EAqCM and glibenclamide exhibited anti-hyperglycemic activity with respective percentages reduction of 57.47 % and 58.82 %.
Conclusion: Antihyperglycemic effect of EAqCM in post-treated rats would probably be due to the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in this extract. These results support the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes.
Clinician’s Opinion on Depression and Role of Escitalopram in the Management of Depression
Authors: Shah M Nilesh , Kumar Rajesh , R Sathianathan , Gupta Manushree , S Manjula , Kumar M Krishna
Published: May 2024

Background: Depression is an emerging severe disorder and a serious public health problem, which can often go undetected. It is associated with many disease conditions. Increase in non-communicable diseases, suicide rate, has made its incidence to increase. These will have a negative impact on patient’s quality of life and will increase the burden of morbidity and mortality.
Objective: The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the role of escitalopram in the management of depression by collecting clinical insights and expert opinion from Indian clinicians through a set of questionnaire.
Methodology: A cross sectional, questionnaire based study was conducted to collect opinion among doctors in the major Indian cities, about experience and satisfaction with current pharmacotherapy and role of escitalopram in the management of depression across India between June to October 2017. Convenient sampling method was used. The pretested questionnaire booklet titled CHEER (Clinicians Opinions on Depression and role of Escitalopram) study was sent to the doctors who were willing to participate. For this, physicians were requested to complete this survey and express their opinion towards the various aspect of managing depression.
Results: Totally, 177 out of 200 clinicians shared their experiences and opinion from all over India. As per survey data, 58.19% of clinicians reported that in their clinical practice, on an average, more than 15 patients were diagnosed with depression in a month. Around 75% of clinicians say that incidence of depression was more common in the female when compared to the male patients. Reports showed that incidence of depression was more common in urban educated patients (47.11%). Depression was seen more commonly in the age group of 31-40 years. About 58% of clinicians reported that counselling was as important as pharmacotherapy. The survey report suggested that more than 90% of clinicians prefer escitalopram as a first-line therapeutic agent for treating depression. More than 87% of clinicians prefer escitalopram in combination with clonazepam to treat co-morbidity of anxiety depression in their clinical practise.
Conclusion: The present survey report suggested that majority of clinicians (85%) preferred escitalopram to treat depression among the SSRIs and other antidepressants agents. Survey also showed that escitalopram has better efficacy and lesser adverse effects.
Path Coefficient Correlation and Genetic Divergence in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Singh Y. P. , Singh Ashish Kumar , Nisar Mohammad , Maurya Alok Kumar , Yadav Vivekanand , Yadav RK
Published: May 2024

Genetic variation, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient, path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence studied in wheat   during rabi 2015-16 at oilseed farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture &Technology, Kanpur (U.P). A collection of fifty wheat genotypes from different eco-geographic origin were evaluated for ten quantitative characters viz. days to 50 % flowering, days to reproductive phase, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of reproductive tillers per plant, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike (gm.), test weight (gm.) and grain yield per plant (gm.).All the characters, under study showed considerable amount of variability, phenotypic coefficient of variability was higher than genotypic coefficient of variability.These traits exhibited higher variation for GCV and PCV across the environments. A persual of coeffiecient of variability indicates that PCV and GCV were quiet high for grain yield per plant. Moderate PCV and GCV were recorded in  spike length and grain weight per spike and the  lowest observed in days to maturityand days to 50% flowering.
A high estimate of heritability was found for grain yield per plant. Genetic advance confirms the heritability estimate. High genetic advance was observed for grain yield (30.16) and minimum in days to reproductive phase (2.27). Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients for all the character combinations. Grain yield per plant showed highly positive association ship with plant height, spike length, grain weight per spike and number of grains per spike grain weight per spike. Genetic divergence was determined using D2 and all the fifty genotypes were grouped into eight clusters. Maximum inter cluster distances were observed betweenVI and VIII followed by cluster VII and VIII and cluster V and VIII. Cluster VII retains highest rank in spike length and grains per spike. Cluster-V holds first rank in days to flowering and days to maturity.On the basis of genetic divergence , it is suggested that the crosses between VIII  ,VII , VI and V may be effective components in hybridization.
Effect of Different Growing Media on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Establishment of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady
Authors: Kumawat Mukesh , Topno Samir E.
Published: May 2024

The study was carried out to study Effect of Different Growing Media on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Establishment of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady during 2023-24. They were utilized for research in order to facilitate seed germination and seedling growth on various media. The current study used a randomized block design with three replications for each of the nine treatment combinations. The characteristics of seed germination and the growth parameters of seedlings were noted.The findings demonstrated that utilizing a medium mixture consisting of soil, vermicompost, and cocopeat (1:2:1) improved seed germination (91.93%) and reduced days of germination (14.73). The highest net profit ratio (Rs. 323227.5 per 1000 seedlings) and B:c ratio (3.47) of seedlings were observed in the maximum seedling height (13.20 cm), number of leaves (13.40), chlorophyll content (67.85), shoot length (9.62 cm), grith of seedling (5.74 mm), Seedling Vigor index (1213.75), fresh weight of seedling (18.98 g), leaf area (46.05 cm2), and seedling survival percentage (83.27%).
Study on the Evaluation of the Profitability, Efficiency and Investment Trends of Different Poultry Farming Systems
Authors: Palanichamy N Venketesa , Deshmukh Sagar Surendra , M Kalpana
Published: May 2024

Over the past 20 years, the Indian poultry sector has transformed into a dynamic entity with more structured operations. Following all these practices almost at every level, poultry industry is now achieving new heights day by day. The entire livestock sector's contribution to India's GDP is greatly aided by the poultry industry in the country. India's poultry sector ranks second and third in the world in terms of meat and egg output, respectively, with 3.4 million tonnes of meat and 65 million tons of eggs produced (FAO). Significant advancements in the industry have resulted from management initiatives. Most of India's organized structure has contributed to the effective use of resources and the right implementation of policies, which have improved firm financial positions and produced the intended results. The data was collected from stakeholders with the help of pretested interview schedule. Separate interview schedule was prepared for broiler farmers (100 samples), breeder farmers (10 samples) and processing cum distribution centers (20 samples). A combination of tools viz. average, percentage, cost and return analysis. To get better understanding of the study, the sample farmers were classified into different supply chains based on their mode of working and business stages performed. Feeding management practices were followed aptly by most of the farmers. Almost all farmers were following suitable health management practice by vaccinating their birds.  Based on number of birds reared poultry farms were classified as small, medium and large poultry farms. Small farms were in only in Supply Chain II and III. Fixed investment they did was `583010 and `46733 out of which nearly 85 per cent building charge. In medium sized poultry farms category, poultry farms from Supply Chain II, III and IV were present. Fixed investment they made was `12,22,096, `15,94,147 and `13,27,778 respectively of which more than 90 per cent was spent on farm buildings construction purpose. In large poultry farms, Supply Chain IV farmers had made quite huge fixed investment. For all the farms, of the total investment, 90 per cent was in buildings and 10 per cent was in equipments.
Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and Cloud Infrastructures: Policy Recommendations for Enhancing Women's Participation in the Tech-Driven Economy
Authors: Ezeugwa Favour Amarachi , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Ugonnia Jennifer Chinelo , Arigbabu Abayomi Shamsudeen , Joeaneke Princess Chimmy
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the underrepresentation of women in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, and Cloud Infrastructures, exploring the barriers and challenges they face and assessing the effectiveness of current policies and initiatives to promote gender diversity within the tech industry. Employing quantitative research methods, the study used a survey distributed to 572 female professionals in tech-related roles across various industries, achieving a 67.9% response rate. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to test four main hypotheses concerning barriers to entry and advancement, the inclusivity of educational programs, the impact of diverse teams on innovation and performance, and the effectiveness of gender-inclusive policies. Key findings indicate that the type of organization and specific tech sectors significantly influence the barriers experienced by women. Notably, gender diversity within teams correlates strongly with improved innovation and performance. However, educational and training programs often fail to be sufficiently inclusive, underscoring the need for programs better tailored to women's needs in tech fields. Moreover, the study confirms that implementing gender-inclusive policies substantially increases women's participation in tech roles, especially when these policies are applied long-term. Based on the findings, recommendations are made for adopting comprehensive, inclusive practices at organizational and educational levels, promoting diversity in team composition and leadership, committing long-term to effective policy implementation, and developing supportive networks through mentorship and sponsorship programs. These measures are aimed at reducing gender disparities and enhancing the integration of women into the high-tech economy. The study underscores the critical role that strategic policy-making and organizational change play in fostering an inclusive tech environment that not only addresses gender disparities but also enhances overall industry innovation and performance.
Reliability-Based Design Optimization for a Vertical-Type Breakwater with an Emphasis on Sliding, Overturn, and Collapse Failure
Authors: Cho Yong Jun
Published: May 2024

To promote the application of reliability-based design within the Korean coastal engineering community, the author conducted reliability analyses and optimized the design of a vertical-type breakwater, considering multiple limit states in the seas off of Pusan and Gunsan – two representative ports in Korea. In this process, rather than relying on design waves of a specific return period, the author intentionally avoided such constraints. Instead, the author characterized the uncertainties associated with wave force, lift force, and overturning moment – key factors significantly influencing the integrity of a vertical-type breakwater. This characterization was achieved by employing a probabilistic model derived from the frequency analysis results of long-term in-situ wave data. The limit state of the vertical-type breakwater encompassed sliding, overturning, and collapse failure, with the close interrelation between wave force, lift force, and moment described using the Nataf joint probability distribution. Simulation results indicate, as expected, that considering only sliding failure underestimates the failure probability. Furthermore, it was shown that the failure probability of vertical-type breakwaters cannot be consistently secured using design waves with a specific return period. In contrast, breakwaters optimally designed to meet the reliability index requirement of β-3.5 to 4 consistently achieve a consistent failure probability across all sea areas.
Analysis of Tsunami Characteristics of Korea Southern Coast Using a Hypothetical Scenario
Authors: Shin Bumshick , Kim Dong-Seog , Kim Dong-Hwan , Lee Sang-Yeop , Jo Si-Bum
Published: May 2024

Large-scale earthquakes are occurring globally, especially in the South Asian crust, which is experiencing a state of tension in the aftermath of the 2011 East Japan Earthquake. Uncertainty and fear regarding the possibility of further seismic activity in the near future have been on the rise in the region. The National Disaster Management Research Institute has previously studied and analyzed the overflow characteristics of a tsunami and the rate of flood forecasting through tsunami numerical simulations of the East Sea of South Korea. However, there is currently a significant lack of research on the Southern Coast tsunamis compared to the East Coast. On the Southern Coast, the tidal difference is between 1~4 m, and the impact of the tides is hard to ignore. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the impact of the tide propagation characteristics on the tsunami. Occurrence regions that may cradle tsunamis that affect the southern coast region are the Ryukyu Island and Nankai Trough, which are active seafloor fault zones. The Southern Coast has not experienced direct damage from tsunamis before, but since the possibility is always present, further research is required to prepare precautionary measures in the face of a potential event. Therefore, this study numerically simulated a hypothetical tsunami scenario that could impact the southern coast of South Korea. In addition, the tidal wave propagation characteristics that emerge at the shore due to tide and tsunami interactions will be analyzed. This study will be used to prepare for tsunamis that might occur on the southern coast through tsunami hazard and risk analysis.
Highly Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Trisubstituted Olefins, α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Imines with Chiral Benzylic Substituted P,N Ligands
Authors: Lu Wei‐Jing , Chen Yun‐Wei , Hou Xue‐Long
Published: December 2009

The benzylic substituted P,N ligands, diphosphinobenzyloxazolines, showed their high catalytic activity as well as asymmetric induction in the iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized alkenes, α,β‐unsaturated esters, allyl alcohols, α,β‐unsaturated ketones, and imines, providing the corresponding chiral products in high ee with high conversion.