bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct Lithospheric Structures of the Ordos Block and Its Margins From P and S Receiver Functions and Its Implications for the Cenozoic Lithospheric Reworking
Authors: Zhang Chen , Guo Zhen , Yu Yong , Yang Ting , Chen Yongshun John
Published: March 2022

We obtained the crustal and lithospheric structures across the Ordos block in the western North China Craton, using P and S receiver functions (RFs) based on teleseismic data of a dense N‐S seismic array. Migrated images for P and S RFs show distinct lithospheric features of the Ordos block and its margins: a thick, cratonic lithosphere is present beneath the Ordos block, whereas the lithosphere is significantly thin at its surrounding rift systems. More importantly the Ordos lithosphere is severely modified by the mantle upwelling at the northern margin but has little modification by the eastward lateral asthenospheric flow at the southern margin. Finally, the dramatically thin lithosphere observed across the southern margin of the Ordos block supports the existence of a significant pathway for eastward asthenospheric flow from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau beneath the Weihe rift and Qinling orogen.
Streamflow Response to Wildfire Differs With Season and Elevation in Adjacent Headwaters of the Lower Colorado River Basin
Authors: Biederman Joel A. , Robles Marcos D. , Scott Russell L. , Knowles John F.
Published: March 2022

Fires increasingly impact forested watersheds, with uncertain water resources impacts. While research has revealed higher peak flows, longer‐term yields may increase or decrease following fire, and the mechanisms regulating post‐fire streamflow are little explored. Hydrologic response to disturbance is poorly understood in the Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB), where snowmelt often occurs before the growing season. Here, we quantify annual streamflow changes following what have been, before 2020, two of the largest wildfires in the modern history of the contiguous United States. We evaluate nine nested watersheds with >50 years records within the Salt River Basin to evaluate fire impact over ranges of elevation, climate, vegetation, burned area, and spatial scale. We employ double‐mass comparison of paired watersheds, pre‐ and post‐fire runoff ratio comparison, multiple linear regression of climate and fire, and time‐trend analysis. Precipitation and streamflow are decoupled during dry periods; therefore we conduct separate change detection for wet and dry periods. Post‐fire summer streamflow increased by 24%–38% at all elevations. While winter/spring streamflow remained constant in the highest, coldest headwaters, winter flows declined in lower‐elevation headwaters. As a result, basin annual streamflow declined. These results support emerging understanding that warm semiarid watersheds respond differently to disturbance than well‐studied, colder watersheds. Asynchrony between winter snowmelt and summer evaporative demand is likely important when considering long‐term impacts of forest management and disturbance on water supply in the LCRB.
SpaceX—Sailing Close to the Space Weather?
Authors: Hapgood Mike , Liu Huixin , Lugaz Noé
Published: March 2022

The 3 February 2022 launch of 49 of SpaceX's Starlink satellites has provided a fascinating example of how even modest space weather can have significant practical and financial consequences. Enhanced atmospheric drag associated with a minor geomagnetic storm led to the loss of the majority of the 49 launched satellites. Although the 36th launch by SpaceX in the past 3 years, it was the first that experienced stormy space weather. We expect more stormy space weather as Solar Cycle 25 ramps up toward its peak expected in 2025. A subsequent Starlink launch on 21 February used a higher initial orbit at 300 km, reducing the payload from 49 to 46 satellites, and can be considered an agile response to the space weather losses experienced 2 weeks earlier. Lessons to be learned by the space industry and the space weather community are discussed, including a better dialog, nuanced understanding of space weather risks associated with modest events, but also an opportunity to investigate the space environment in relatively unexplored regions such as very low and high low Earth orbits.
EIF4A3-mediated circPRKCI expression promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by regulating WBP2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Xuehui , Song Hongming , Fang Lin , Wu Tianqi
Published: March 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known as a highly aggressive subtype of BC due to high rate of recurrence and metastasis, poor prognosis and lacking of effective targeted therapies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to participate in the progression of TNBC. In this study, we demonstrated that circPRKCI, derived from the PRKCI gene, was elevated in BC tissues and cell lines, especially in TNBC. The functional investigation showed that circPRKCI could significantly promote the proliferation and migration of TNBC in vivo and in vitro. In addition, circPRKCI regulated WBP2 and the phosphorylation of AKT via serving as miR-545-3p sponge. Of note, EIF4A3 could induce circPRKCI expression and nuclear export in TNBC cells. Taken together, EIF4A3-mediated circPRKCI could promote TNBC progression by regulating WBP2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, providing a new avenue of therapy for TNBC.
Electro-optic characterization of synthesized infrared-visible light fields
Authors: Ridente Enrico , Mamaikin Mikhail , Altwaijry Najd , Zimin Dmitry , Kling Matthias F. , Pervak Vladimir , Weidman Matthew , Krausz Ferenc , Karpowicz Nicholas
Published: March 2022

The measurement and control of light field oscillations enable the study of ultrafast phenomena on sub-cycle time scales. Electro-optic sampling (EOS) is a powerful field characterization approach, in terms of both sensitivity and dynamic range, but it has not reached beyond infrared frequencies. Here, we show the synthesis of a sub-cycle infrared-visible pulse and subsequent complete electric field characterization using EOS. The sampled bandwidth spans from 700 nm to 2700 nm (428 to 110 THz). Tailored electric-field waveforms are generated with a two-channel field synthesizer in the infrared-visible range, with a full-width at half-maximum duration as short as 3.8 fs at a central wavelength of 1.7 µm (176 THz). EOS detection of the complete bandwidth of these waveforms extends it into the visible spectral range. To demonstrate the power of our approach, we use the sub-cycle transients to inject carriers in a thin quartz sample for nonlinear photoconductive field sampling with sub-femtosecond resolution.
Radio-transparent dipole antenna based on a metasurface cloak
Authors: Soric Jason , Ra’di Younes , Farfan Diego , Alù Andrea
Published: March 2022

Antenna technology is at the basis of ubiquitous wireless communication systems and sensors. Radiation is typically sustained by conduction currents flowing around resonant metallic objects that are optimized to enhance efficiency and bandwidth. However, resonant conductors are prone to large scattering of impinging waves, leading to challenges in crowded antenna environments due to blockage and distortion. Metasurface cloaks have been explored in the quest of addressing this challenge by reducing antenna scattering. However, metasurface-based designs have so far shown limited performance in terms of bandwidth, footprint and overall scattering reduction. Here we introduce a different route towards radio-transparent antennas, in which the cloak itself acts as the radiating element, drastically reducing the overall footprint while enhancing scattering suppression and bandwidth, without sacrificing other relevant radiation metrics compared to conventional antennas. This technique opens opportunities for cloaking technology, with promising features for crowded wireless communication platforms and noninvasive sensing.
Use of analgesics/antipyretics in the management of symptoms associated with COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Ooi Eng Eong , Dhar Arti , Petruschke Richard , Locht Camille , Buchy Philippe , Low Jenny Guek Hong
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 vaccines are effective and important to control the ongoing pandemic, but vaccine reactogenicity may contribute to poor uptake. Analgesics or antipyretic medications are often used to alleviate vaccine side effects, but their effect on immunogenicity remains uncertain. Few studies have assessed the effect of analgesics/antipyretics on vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity. Some studies revealed changes in certain immune response parameters post-vaccination when analgesics/antipyretics were used either prophylactically or therapeutically. Still, there is no evidence that these changes impact vaccine efficacy. Specific data on the impact of analgesic/antipyretic medications on immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines are limited. However, available data from clinical trials of licensed vaccines, along with recommendations from public health bodies around the world, should provide reassurance to both healthcare professionals and vaccine recipients that short-term use of analgesics/antipyretics at non-prescription doses is unlikely to affect vaccine-induced immunity.
Short-read and long-read full-length transcriptome of mouse neural stem cells across neurodevelopmental stages
Authors: Ding Chaoqiong , Yan Xiang , Xu Mengying , Zhou Ran , Zhao Yuancun , Zhang Dan , Huang Zongyao , Pan Zhenzhong , Xiao Peng , Li Huifang , Chen Lu , Wang Yuan
Published: March 2022

During brain development, neural stem cells (NSCs) undergo multiple fate-switches to generate various neuronal subtypes and glial cells, exhibiting distinct transcriptomic profiles at different stages. However, full-length transcriptomic datasets of NSCs across different neurodevelopmental stages under similar experimental settings are lacking, which is essential for uncovering stage-specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms underlying the fate commitment of NSCs. Here, we report the full-length transcriptome of mouse NSCs at five different stages during embryonic and postnatal development. We used fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate CD133+Blbp+ NSCs from C57BL/6 transgenic mice that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of a Blbp promoter. By integrating short- and long-read full-length RNA-seq, we created a transcriptomic dataset of gene and isoform expression profiles in NSCs at embryonic days 15.5, 17.5, and postnatal days 1.5, 8, and 60. This dataset provides a detailed characterization of full-length transcripts in NSCs at distinct developmental stages, which could be used as a resource for the neuroscience community to study NSC fate determination, neural development, and disease.
Vectorized rooftop area data for 90 cities in China
Authors: Zhang Zhixin , Qian Zhen , Zhong Teng , Chen Min , Zhang Kai , Yang Yue , Zhu Rui , Zhang Fan , Zhang Haoran , Zhou Fangzhuo , Yu Jianing , Zhang Bingyue , Lü Guonian , Yan Jinyue
Published: March 2022

Reliable information on building rooftops is crucial for utilizing limited urban space effectively. In recent decades, the demand for accurate and up-to-date data on the areas of rooftops on a large-scale is increasing. However, obtaining these data is challenging due to the limited capability of conventional computer vision methods and the high cost of 3D modeling involving aerial photogrammetry. In this study, a geospatial artificial intelligence framework is presented to obtain data for rooftops using high-resolution open-access remote sensing imagery. This framework is used to generate vectorized data for rooftops in 90 cities in China. The data was validated on test samples of 180 km2across different regions with spatial resolution, overall accuracy, and F1 score of 1 m, 97.95%, and 83.11%, respectively. In addition, the generated rooftop area conforms to the urban morphological characteristics and reflects urbanization level. These results demonstrate that the generated dataset can be used for data support and decision-making that can facilitate sustainable urban development effectively.
A dataset of 175k stable and metastable materials calculated with the PBEsol and SCAN functionals
Authors: Schmidt Jonathan , Wang Hai-Chen , Cerqueira Tiago F. T. , Botti Silvana , Marques Miguel A. L.
Published: March 2022

In the past decade we have witnessed the appearance of large databases of calculated material properties. These are most often obtained with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional of density-functional theory, a well established and reliable technique that is by now the standard in materials science. However, there have been recent theoretical developments that allow for increased accuracy in the calculations. Here, we present a dataset of calculations for 175k crystalline materials obtained with two functionals: geometry optimizations are performed with PBE for solids (PBEsol) that yields consistently better geometries than the PBE functional, and energies are obtained from PBEsol and from SCAN single-point calculations at the PBEsol geometry. Our results provide an accurate overview of the landscape of stable (and nearly stable) materials, and as such can be used for reliable predictions of novel compounds. They can also be used for training machine learning models, or even for the comparison and benchmark of PBE, PBEsol, and SCAN.
Free convection flow of second grade dusty fluid between two parallel plates using Fick’s and Fourier’s laws: a fractional model
Authors: Khan Zahid , ul Haq Sami , Ali Farhad , Andualem Mulugeta
Published: March 2022

The paper aims to investigate the channel flow of second grade visco-elastic fluid generated due to an oscillating wall. The effect of heat and mass transfer has been taken into account. The phenomenon has been modelled in terms of PDEs. The constitutive equations are fractionalized by using the definition of the Caputo fractional operator with Fick’s and Fourier’s Laws. The system of fractional PDEs is non-dimensionalized by using appropriate dimensionless variables. The closed-form solutions of thermal and concentration boundary layers are obtained by using the Laplace and finite Fourier-Sine transforms, while the momentum equation is solved by a numerical approach by Zakian using $$\textit{PYTHON}$$
PYTHON
. Furthermore, the parametric influence of various embedded physical parameters on momentum, temperature, and concentration distributions is depicted through various graphs. It is observed that the fractional approach is more convenient and realistic as compared to the classical approach. It is worth noting that the increasing values of $$M$$
M
, $$Sc$$

Sc

and $$Re$$

Re

retard the boundary layer profile. For instance, this behaviour of $$M$$
M
is significant where boundary control is necessary. That is, in the case of resonance, the physical solution may be obtained by adding the effect of MHD. The Reynolds number is useful in characterising the transport properties of a fluid or a particle travelling through a fluid. The Reynolds number is one of the main controlling parameters in all viscous flow. It determines whether the fluid flow is laminar or turbulent. The evolution of the rate of heat, mass transfer, and skin friction on the left plate with various physical parameters are presented in tables. These quantities are of high interest for engineers. Keeping in mind the effect of various parameters on these engineering quantities, they make their feasibility reports.
Detection of COVID-19 using multimodal data from a wearable device: results from the first TemPredict Study
Authors: Mason Ashley E. , Hecht Frederick M. , Davis Shakti K. , Natale Joseph L. , Hartogensis Wendy , Damaso Natalie , Claypool Kajal T. , Dilchert Stephan , Dasgupta Subhasis , Purawat Shweta , Viswanath Varun K. , Klein Amit , Chowdhary Anoushka , Fisher Sarah M. , Anglo Claudine , Puldon Karena Y. , Veasna Danou , Prather Jenifer G. , Pandya Leena S. , Fox Lindsey M. , Busch Michael , Giordano Casey , Mercado Brittany K. , Song Jining , Jaimes Rafael , Baum Brian S. , Telfer Brian A. , Philipson Casandra W. , Collins Paula P. , Rao Adam A. , Wang Edward J. , Bandi Rachel H. , Choe Bianca J. , Epel Elissa S. , Epstein Stephen K. , Krasnoff Joanne B. , Lee Marco B. , Lee Shi-Wen , Lopez Gina M. , Mehta Arpan , Melville Laura D. , Moon Tiffany S. , Mujica-Parodi Lilianne R. , Noel Kimberly M. , Orosco Michael A. , Rideout Jesse M. , Robishaw Janet D. , Rodriguez Robert M. , Shah Kaushal H. , Siegal Jonathan H. , Gupta Amarnath , Altintas Ilkay , Smarr Benjamin L.
Published: March 2022

Early detection of diseases such as COVID-19 could be a critical tool in reducing disease transmission by helping individuals recognize when they should self-isolate, seek testing, and obtain early medical intervention. Consumer wearable devices that continuously measure physiological metrics hold promise as tools for early illness detection. We gathered daily questionnaire data and physiological data using a consumer wearable (Oura Ring) from 63,153 participants, of whom 704 self-reported possible COVID-19 disease. We selected 73 of these 704 participants with reliable confirmation of COVID-19 by PCR testing and high-quality physiological data for algorithm training to identify onset of COVID-19 using machine learning classification. The algorithm identified COVID-19 an average of 2.75 days before participants sought diagnostic testing with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 63%. The receiving operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) was 0.819 (95% CI [0.809, 0.830]). Including continuous temperature yielded an AUC 4.9% higher than without this feature. For further validation, we obtained SARS CoV-2 antibody in a subset of participants and identified 10 additional participants who self-reported COVID-19 disease with antibody confirmation. The algorithm had an overall ROC AUC of 0.819 (95% CI [0.809, 0.830]), with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80% in these additional participants. Finally, we observed substantial variation in accuracy based on age and biological sex. Findings highlight the importance of including temperature assessment, using continuous physiological features for alignment, and including diverse populations in algorithm development to optimize accuracy in COVID-19 detection from wearables.
Identifying core habitats and corridors of a near threatened carnivore, striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) in southwestern Iran
Authors: Almasieh Kamran , Mohammadi Alireza , Alvandi Rahim
Published: March 2022

Conservation of large carnivores requires preservation of extensive core habitats and linkages among them. The goal of this study was to identify core habitats and corridors by predicting habitat suitability (an ensemble approach), and calculating resistant kernel and factorial least-cost path modeling for a relatively unknown carnivore, the striped hyaena in Khuzestan area in southwestern Iran. We used the procedure of spatial randomization test to evaluate the coincidence of striped hyaena road crossing with the predicted corridors. The results revealed that elevation, distance to conservation areas, categorical climate and grasslands density were the most influential variables for predicting the occurrence of the striped hyaena in the study area. In the estimated dispersal distance of 70 km, four core habitats were identified. The largest core habitat was located in the northeast of the study area with the highest connectivity contribution. Only about 12% and 1.5% of core habitats and corridors were protected by conservation areas, respectively. Predicted corridors, crossed by roads represented a high risk for striped hyaenas. Adaptive management plan throughout the landscape (conservation of core habitats and corridors, and reducing species mortality on the roads) must be considered by wildlife managers in Iran.
Investigation of the relationship between ocular sarcoidosis and dry eye
Authors: Aoki Takanori , Yokoi Norihiko , Nagata Kenji , Deguchi Hideto , Sekiyama Yuki , Sotozono Chie
Published: March 2022

A relationship between ocular sarcoidosis (OcSar) and dry eye (DE) has previously been reported. Here we investigated the tear function in OcSar, and the other uveitis, Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease (VKH), to elucidate the association between OcSar and DE. This study involved 27 eyes of 27 female OcSar patients [mean age: 67.3 ± 13.5 (SD) years], 18 eyes of 18 female VKH patients (53.1 ± 14.1 years), and 17 eyes of 17 female healthy control subjects (59.7 ± 9.6 years). In all examined eyes, tear meniscus height (TMH, mm), fluorescein breakup time (FBUT, s), scoring of keratoconjunctival epithelial damage (ED), and the Schirmer 1 test (ST1, mm/5 min) were analyzed. In the OcSar patients, VKH patients, and control subjects, the respective TMH, FBUT, ED, and ST1 values (mean ± SD) were 0.26 ± 0.10, 0.24 ± 0.09, and 0.24 ± 0.08, 4.3 ± 2.5, 7.3 ± 2.9, and 6.3 ± 3.1, 1.1 ± 1.1, 0.7 ± 0.8, and 0.1 ± 0.3, and 12.9 ± 10.5, 21.5 ± 12.1, and 24.3 ± 10.5. Statistically, the ST1 values were significantly lower in the OcSar patients than in the VKH patients (P = 0.004) and control subjects (P = 0.001). ST1 findings revealed that the neural reflex arc and lacrimal gland system, which attenuate the vicious cycle between the tear film and ocular surface epithelium in DE, are significantly impaired in OcSar cases, thus indicating a possible association between OcSar and DE.
Identifying causal relationships of cancer treatment and long-term health effects among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer in Southern Sweden
Authors: Holst Anders , Ekman Jan , Petersson-Ahrholt Magnus , Relander Thomas , Wiebe Thomas , Linge Helena M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Survivors of childhood cancer can develop adverse health events later in life. Infrequent occurrences and scarcity of structured information result in analytical and statistical challenges. Alternative statistical approaches are required to investigate the basis of late effects in smaller data sets.

Methods

Here we describe sex-specific health care use, mortality and causal associations between primary diagnosis, treatment and outcomes in a small cohort (n = 2315) of 5-year survivors of childhood cancer (n = 2129) in southern Sweden and a control group (n = 11,882; age-, sex- and region-matched from the general population). We developed a constraint-based method for causal inference based on Bayesian estimation of distributions, and used it to investigate health care use and causal associations between diagnoses, treatments and outcomes. Mortality was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Our results confirm a significantly higher health care usage and premature mortality among childhood cancer survivors as compared to controls. The developed method for causal inference identifies 98 significant associations (p < 0.0001) where most are well known (n = 73; 74.5%). Hitherto undescribed associations are identified (n = 5; 5.1%). These were between use of alkylating agents and eye conditions, topoisomerase inhibitors and viral infections; pituitary surgery and intestinal infections; and cervical cancer and endometritis. We discuss study-related biases (n = 20; 20.4%) and limitations.

Conclusions

The findings contribute to a broader understanding of the consequences of cancer treatment. The study shows relevance for small data sets and causal inference, and presents the method as a complement to traditional statistical approaches.
An electrochemical sensor modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer and carbon black for 17-β-estradiol detection
Authors: da Silva Daniela Nunes , Pereira Arnaldo César
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this work was to apply an electrochemical sensor modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and carbon black (CB) for 17β-estradiol (E2) detection in river water samples.
Design of a novel Pt(ii) complex to reverse cisplatin-induced resistance in lung cancer via a multi-mechanism
Authors: Jiang Ming , Yang Tongfu , Chu Yong , Zhang Zhenlei , Sun Hongbin , Liang Hong , Yang Feng
Published: March 2022

The Pt(ii) complex (C1–C6) effectively inhibited the growth of cisplatin-resistant tumor.
Nearly one-fold enhancement in photoluminescence quantum yield for isostructural zero-dimensional hybrid antimony(iii) bromides by supramolecular interaction adjustments
Authors: Peng Ying-Chen , Zhou Sheng-Hua , Jin Jian-Ce , Gu Qi , Zhuang Ting-Hui , Gong Liao-Kuo , Wang Ze-Ping , Du Ke-Zhao , Huang Xiao-Ying
Published: March 2022

A nearly one-fold enhancement of photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) owing to the supramolecular interaction adjustments in two isostructural zero-dimensional hybrid antimony(iii) bromides with deep-red emission is presented.
Carbon dots can strongly promote photosynthesis in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Hu Jing , Jia Wenyi , Wu Xinyi , Zhang Haiyun , Wang Yin , Liu Junfeng , Yang Yu , Tao Shu , Wang Xilong
Published: March 2022

In vitro root amendment with CDs can promote photosynthesis of lettuce by enhancing photoreaction processes and CO2 fixation.
Aligned structures of mesogenic motifs in epoxy resin and their thermal conductivities
Authors: Lee Minhwan , Ha Min Young , Lee Mooho , Kim Ju Hyun , Kim Sung Dug , Kim In , Lee Won Bo
Published: March 2022

The structure–property correlation of the epoxy resin between the alignment of the mesogenic groups and the thermal conductivity was studied with the MD simulation.
Emerging nanotechnologies for targeting antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Weldick Paul J. , Wang Anheng , Halbus Ahmed F. , Paunov Vesselin N.
Published: March 2022

We review recently developed advanced nanotechnologies for overcoming antimicrobial resistance and tackling of biofilm infections.
Co-assembly of a multicomponent network of nanofiber-wrapped nanotubes
Authors: Mason McKensie L. , Lin Tao , Linville Jenae J. , Parquette Jon R.
Published: March 2022

In this work, we report a strategy to construct a two-component nanostructure comprised of two building blocks that undergo self-sorting assembly at the monomer level followed by a supramolecular association to form a nanofiber-wrapped nanotube.
OvoAMthtfromMethyloversatilis thermotoleransovothiol biosynthesis is a bifunction enzyme: thiol oxygenase and sulfoxide synthase activities
Authors: Cheng Ronghai , Weitz Andrew C. , Paris Jared , Tang Yijie , Zhang Jingyu , Song Heng , Naowarojna Nathchar , Li Kelin , Qiao Lu , Lopez Juan , Grinstaff Mark W. , Zhang Lixin , Guo Yisong , Elliott Sean , Liu Pinghua
Published: March 2022

Modulation of OvoAMtht's dual activities: sulfoxide synthase and thiol oxygenase.
Visual organophosphate vapor sensing by dibenzylidine derivatives exhibiting intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation induced emission
Authors: Manikandan Rajendran , Shauloff Nitzan , Nandi Ashim , Pevzner Alexander , Marx Sharon , Jelinek Raz
Published: March 2022

Three DBA derivatives containing different electron donor and acceptor units display both ICT and AIE properties. The intriguing optical features of the molecules have been employed for selective, high sensitivity detection of organophosphate vapors.
Exciplex host coupled with a micro-cavity enabling high efficiency OLEDs with narrow emission profile
Authors: Wen Ya , Wang Ya-Kun , Zhou Jun-Gui , Li Jiao-Yang , He Wei , Zhang Yi-Jie , Zhu Xiao-Zhao , Liao Liang-Sheng , Fung Man-Keung
Published: March 2022

A combination strategy that unites an exciplex host with the micro-cavity effect is developed to resolve the color purity issue. The proposed strategy enables OLEDs to exhibit 2-fold narrower FWHM (26 nm vs. 71 nm) and a CE of 180.2 cd A−1.
Engineering the surface morphology of inkjet printed Ag by controlling solvent evaporation during plasma conversion of AgNO3 inks
Authors: Sui Yongkun , Hess-Dunning Allison , Radwan Aziz N. , Sankaran R. Mohan , Zorman Christian A.
Published: March 2022

Surface morphology of silver (Ag) structures prepared by plasma conversion of particle-free inks can be controlled by using solvents of different evapration rates.
Magnetic and near-infrared-II fluorescence Au–Gd nanoclusters for imaging-guided sensitization of tumor radiotherapy
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Hao , Li Hairu , Zhang Tiecheng , Zhang Jing , Guo Wenhui , Fu Kuang , Du Guoqing
Published: March 2022

Ultrasmall Au–Gd NCs with high-Z elements were used to perform dual-modal (NIR-II fluorescence and MRI) imaging-guided sensitization of tumor radiotherapy.
Asymmetric oxidative Mannich reactions promoted by photocatalysis and electrochemistry
Authors: Long Chao-Jiu , He Yan-Hong , Guan Zhi
Published: March 2022

This minireview describes the advances in asymmetric oxidative Mannich reactions promoted by photocatalysis and electrochemistry, and prospects the future development direction.
Molybdenum blue preassembly strategy to design bimetallic Fe0.54Mo0.73/Mo2C@C for tuneable and low-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: He Peng , Ma Runze , Li Chen , Ran Ling , Yuan Wentao , Han Yuyang , Deng Lianwen , Yan Jun
Published: March 2022

Fe0.54Mo0.73/Mo2C@Cs are first synthesized by a molybdenum blue preassembly strategy, and not only exhibit excellent low-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption performance, but also have the special function of adjusting the absorption frequency.
Data-driven discovery of cardiolipin-selective small molecules by computational active learning
Authors: Mohr Bernadette , Shmilovich Kirill , Kleinwächter Isabel S. , Schneider Dirk , Ferguson Andrew L. , Bereau Tristan
Published: March 2022

We present a data-driven approach combining deep learning-enabled active learning with coarse-grained simulations and alchemical free energy calculations to discover small molecules to selectively permeate cardiolipin membranes.
Pillar[3]trianglamines: deeper cavity triangular macrocycles for selective hexene isomer separation
Authors: Ding Yanjun , Alimi Lukman O. , Du Jing , Hua Bin , Dey Avishek , Yu Pei , Khashab Niveen M.
Published: March 2022

Crystalline allyl-functionalized trianglamine macrocycles (P-TA) that show a pillared-like cavity were successfuly prepared and employed for the robust molecular sieving of 1-He from vapor and liquid (in solution) isomeric mixtures.
Determining the role of SGLT2 inhibition with Empagliflozin in the development of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Matthews Jennifer , Herat Lakshini , Rooney Jennifer , Rakoczy Elizabeth , Schlaich Markus , Matthews Vance B.
Published: March 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the pancreas is not producing enough insulin or when the insulin that it does produce is not able to be used effectively in the body. This results in hyperglycemia and if the blood sugars are not controlled, then it can lead to serious damage of various body systems, especially the nerves and the blood vessels. Uncontrolled diabetes is a major cause of kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and amputation. One of the most devastating complications for patients is diabetic retinopathy (DR) which represents the leading cause of preventable vision loss in people between 20 and 65 years of age. Sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk for cardiovascular and renal events, however literature highlighting their potential role to prevent DR is limited. We therefore used a relevant mouse model (Akimba) to explore the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor, Empagliflozin (EMPA), on the development of diabetic retinal changes. Here we show that when given in the early stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D), EMPA reduced the weight loss usually associated with T1D, decreased diabetes-associated polydipsia, lowered fasting blood glucose levels, decreased kidney-to-body weight ratios and, most importantly in the current context, substantially reduced retinal abnormalities associated with DR. We show that EMPA reduces vascular leakage indicated by lower albumin staining in the vitreous humor and diminishes expression of the pathogenic factor VEGF in the retina. Additionally, EMPA significantly alters the retinal genetic signature. Our findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibition may be a useful therapeutic approach to prevent the development of DR and its severity if given early in the disease process.
Intelligibility of Noise-Adapted and Clear Speech in Energetic and Informational Maskers for Native and Nonnative Listeners
Authors: Meemann Kirsten , Smiljanić Rajka
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

This study explored clear speech (CS) and noise-adapted speech (NAS) intelligibility benefits for native and nonnative English listeners. It also examined how the two speaking style adaptations interact with maskers that vary from purely energetic to largely informational at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).

Method:

Materials consisted of 40 sentences produced by 10 young adult talkers in a conversational and a clear speaking style under two conditions: (a) in quiet and (b) in response to speech-shaped noise (SSN) played over headphones (NAS). Young adult native (Experiment 1) and nonnative (Experiment 2) English listeners heard target sentences presented in two-talker (2T) babble, six-talker (6T) babble, or SSN and at an “easier” and a “harder” SNR.

Results:

When talkers produced CS and NAS, word recognition accuracy was significantly improved for both listener groups. The largest intelligibility benefit was obtained for the CS produced in response to noise (CS+NAS). Overall accuracy was highest in 2T babble. Accuracy was higher in SSN than in 6T babble for nonnative listeners at both levels of listening difficulty but only at a more difficult SNR for native listeners. Listeners benefited from CS and NAS most in the presence of SSN and least in 2T babble. When SNRs were the same for the two listener groups, native listeners outperformed nonnative listeners in almost all listening conditions, but nonnative listeners benefited more from CS and NAS in 6T babble than native listeners did.

Conclusions:

Combined speaking style enhancements, CS+NAS, provided the largest intelligibility increases for native and nonnative listeners in all listening conditions. The results add to the body of evidence supporting speech-oriented, behavioral therapy techniques for maximizing speech intelligibility in everyday listening situations.
Modified three stage Kalman filtering for stochastic non‐linear systems with randomly occurring faults and intermittent measurements
Authors: Nejati Zahra , Abedi Mostafa , Faraji Alireza
Published: March 2022

A robust three stage Kalman filtering problem is investigated in this article for non‐linear systems with stochastic non‐linearities, random faults and intermittent missing measurements. Therefore, a more general system model is governed in which unknown stochastic non‐linearities are considered in both the system state and measurement equations. The fault terms are included by stochastic coefficients. Also, the sensor measurements occur in a random behaviour that encounters stochastic missing of data for each sensor. Both faults and unknown inputs are covered in the proposed filter. Moreover, the robust features of the developed estimator resolve the problems arising from the need for accurate models of faults and unknown inputs. Furthermore, any predetermined knowledge about the statistical characteristics of the above factors is not required. The augmented filters are mostly used to provide the fault diagnosis features, however, in the current work, this filter is decoupled to reduce the computational volume attributed to this approach. It is proved that the estimation error is ultimately bounded despite different stochastic terms and inaccurate information about the fault and unknown inputs. Finally, an illustrative example is proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
Dynamic control for LNG carrier with output constraints
Authors: Liang Xiaoling , Zhang Yuxiang , Ge Shuzhi Sam , How Bernard Voon Ee , Li Dongyu
Published: March 2022

This paper addresses constrained robust control for dynamic positioning of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carrier in side‐by‐side offloading operations subject to input time delay. During the LNG offloading operation, the relative motions of the multibody system are connected by the LNG offloading arm. To ensure the operation safety, robust control with asymmetric Barrier Lyapunov Function is proposed considering predefined output constraints under the unknown dynamics and external disturbances. In offshore engineering, due to the mechanical effects, the thrusters of the LNG carrier in the presence of time‐delay should be investigated to guide the design practice. The predictor‐based method is employed to deal with the time delay induced by the control inputs. It is proven that the proposed scheme can guarantee semi‐global uniform ultimate boundedness. The performance and feasibility of the proposed control are further verified by simulation studies.
A novel short‐term load forecasting approach based on kernel extreme learning machine: A provincial case in China
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Wang Jianxiao , Zhang Tiance , Cui Da , Li Gengyin , Zhou Ming
Published: March 2022

With the rapid development of re‐electrification, traditional load forecasting faces a significant increase of influencing factors. Existing literature focuses on examining the influencing factors related to load profiles in order to improve the prediction accuracy. However, a large number of redundant features may lead to the overfitting of the forecasting engine. To enhance the performance of extreme learning machine (ELM) under massive data scale, this paper presents a kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) based method which can be used for short‐term load prediction. First, a feature dimensionality reduction is performed using a kernelized principal component analysis, which aims to eliminate redundant input vectors. Then, the hyperparameters of KELM are optimized to improve the prediction accuracy and generalization. Case studies based on a province‐level power system in China demonstrate that the presented method can significantly improve the accuracy of load forecasting by 3.14% in contrast to traditional ELM.
Optimal frequency regulation in an uncertain islanded microgrid: A modified direct search algorithm
Authors: Abolpour Roozbeh , Javanmardi Hamidreza , Dehghani Maryam , Hesamzadeh Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a methodology for frequency regulation in a microgrid involving renewable energy sources (RES) using a dynamic controller, which is an output feedback controller (OFC). The parameters of OFC are tuned by searching the design space of the controller. Since the RES model is not exactly known, the uncertain model is derived and the OFC is considered for it. The goal of controller tuning is to find appropriate parameters of the controller such that the norm of frequency deviations, even in presence of uncertainties in the RES parameters is minimized. An algorithm based on searching the controller design space is suggested to find the suitable controller gains. The algorithm assumes the controller parameters lie in a convex space and searches the space systematically such that an appropriate solution is found. The method is proved mathematically and two theorems are mentioned, accordingly. Finally, a simulated model of a RES is utilized for algorithm evaluation and the results demonstrate the algorithm capability in optimal frequency regulation.
Ambipolar diffusion: Self-similar solutions and MHD code testing
Authors: Moreno-Insertis F. , Nóbrega-Siverio D. , Priest E. R. , Hood A. W.
Published: March 2022

Context. Ambipolar diffusion is a process occurring in partially ionised astrophysical systems that imparts a complicated mathematical and physical nature to Ohm’s law. The numerical codes that solve the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations have to be able to deal with the singularities that are naturally created in the system by the ambipolar diffusion term.

Aims. The global aim is to calculate a set of theoretical self-similar solutions to the nonlinear diffusion equation with cylindrical symmetry that can be used as tests for MHD codes which include the ambipolar diffusion term.

Methods. First, following the general methods developed in the applied mathematics literature, we obtained the theoretical solutions as eigenfunctions of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Phase-plane techniques were used to integrate through the singularities at the locations of the nulls, which correspond to infinitely sharp current sheets. In the second half of the paper, we consider the use of these solutions as tests for MHD codes. To that end, we used the Bifrost code, thereby testing the capabilities of these solutions as tests as well as (inversely) the accuracy of Bifrost’s recently developed ambipolar diffusion module.

Results. The obtained solutions are shown to constitute a demanding, but nonetheless viable, test for MHD codes that incorporate ambipolar diffusion. Detailed tabulated runs of the solutions have been made available at a public repository. The Bifrost code is able to reproduce the theoretical solutions with sufficient accuracy up to very advanced diffusive times. Using the code, we also explored the asymptotic properties of our theoretical solutions in time when initially perturbed with either small or finite perturbations.

Conclusions. The functions obtained in this paper are relevant as physical solutions and also as tests for general MHD codes. They provide a more stringent and general test than the simple Zeldovich-Kompaneets-Barenblatt-Pattle solution.
Dynamic programming principle and Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation under nonlinear expectation
Authors: Hu Mingshang , Ji Shaolin , Li Xiaojuan
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study a stochastic recursive optimal control problem in which the value functional is defined by the solution of a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) under G-expectation. Under standard assumptions, we establish the comparison theorem for this kind of BSDE and give a novel and simple method to obtain the dynamic programming principle. Finally, we prove that the value function is the unique viscosity solution to a type of fully nonlinear HJB equation.
Moderne Diagnosestellung der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose –
ein Update der Diagnosekriterien
Authors: Müschen Lars Hendrik , Petri Susanne , Körner Sonja
Published: March 2022

Die Diagnose der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose ist weiterhin eine Herausforderung.
Sowohl die revidierten El-Escorial-Kriterien als auch die Awaji-Kriterien werden
zum Teil in der klinischen Praxis genutzt, sind jedoch komplex und wenig
sensitiv. Die neu vorgeschlagenen Gold-Coast-Kriterien stellen eine
Erleichterung im klinischen Alltag dar. Eine Veranschaulichung der
Diagnosefindung nach den verschiedenen Kriterien findet sich in dem
Fallbeispiel.
Moderner Ultraschall in der Diagnostik Neuromuskulärer
Erkrankungen
Authors: Fisse Anna Lena , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Schreiber Stefanie
Published: March 2022

Der neuromuskuläre Ultraschall hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einem
festen Bestandteil in der neurologischen Diagnostik entwickelt. Dazu tragen auch
die fortwährende technische Weiterentwicklung der Methode und ihr
unkomplizierter und nebenwirkungsfreier Einsatz direkt am Patienten bei. Im
klinischen Alltag wird der Ultraschall in der Diagnostik und
Differentialdiagnostik sowie in der Verlaufskontrolle traumatischer
Nervenläsionen, sekundärer und dynamischer nervaler
Kompressionssyndrome, hereditärer und akuter sowie chronisch autoimmuner
Polyneuropathien, Motoneuron- und Muskelerkrankungen verwendet. Dabei spielt die
Ultraschalldiagnostik auch zunehmend eine Rolle für
Therapieentscheidungen, v.a. im Hinblick auf die operative Versorgung und den
Einsatz oder die Fortführung immunmodulatorischer Medikamente. In den
nächsten Jahren ist eine weitere interdisziplinäre Verbreitung
und fortwährend zunehmende Standardisierung der Methode zu erwarten.
Penismetastase eines Speicheldrüsenkarzinoms der Zungenbasis: Ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Tischler Tamara , Trenti Emanuela , Basciu Maria , Hanspeter Esther , Pycha Armin , Kafk Mona , Comploj Evi
Published: March 2022

Wir berichten über einen 64-jährigen Patienten mit einer Penismetastase zehn Jahre nach Erstdiagnose eines polymorphen Adenokarzinoms der kleinen Speicheldrüsen der Zungenbasis. Unserer Kenntnis gibt es bis dato nur zwei in der Literatur beschriebene Fälle.
Effect of Stimulus Intensity Level on Auditory Middle Latency Response Brain Maps in Human Adults
Authors: Tucker Denise A. , Dietrich Susan , McPherson David L. , Salamat Mimi T.
Published: March 2022

Auditory middle latency response (AMLR) brain maps were obtained in 11 young adults with normal hearing. AMLR waveforms were elicited with monaural clicks presented at three stimulus intensity levels (50, 70, and 90 dB nHL). Recordings were made for right and left ear stimulus presentations. All recordings were obtained in an eyes open/awake status for each subject. Peak-to-peak amplitudes and absolute latencies of the AMLR Pa and Pb waveforms were measured at the Cz electrode site. Pa and Pb waveforms were present 100 percent of the time in response to the 90 dB nHL presentation. The prevalence of Pa and Pb to the 70 dB nHL presentation varied from 86 to 95 percent. The prevalence of Pa and Pb to the 50 dB nHL stimulus never reached 100 percent, ranging in prevalence from 77 to 68 percent. No significant ear effect was seen for amplitude or latency measures of Pa or Pb. AMLR brain maps of the voltage field distributions of Pa and Pb waveforms showed different topographic features. Scalp topography of the Pa waveform was altered by a reduction in stimulus intensity level. At 90 dB nHL, the Pa brain map showed a large positivity midline over the frontal and central scalp areas. At lower stimulus intensity levels, frontal positivity was reduced, and scalp negativity over occipital regions was increased. Pb scalp topography was also altered by a reduction in stimulus intensity level. Varying the stimulus intensity significantly altered Pa and Pb distributions of amplitude and latency measures. Pa and Pb distributions were skewed regardless of stimulus intensity.

Abbreviations: AMLR = auditory middle latency response, EEG = electroencephalography
Effects of Lexical Factors on Word Recognition Among Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Authors: Dirks Donald D. , Takayanagi Sumiko , Moshfegh Anahita
Published: March 2022

An investigation was conducted to examine the effects of lexical difficulty on spoken word recognition among young normal-hearing and middle-aged and older listeners with hearing loss. Two word lists, based on the lexical characteristics of word frequency and neighborhood density and frequency (Neighborhood Activation Model [NAM]), were developed: (1) lexically “easy” words with high word frequency and a low number and frequency of words phonemically similar to the target word and (2) lexically “hard” words with low word frequency and a high number and frequency of words phonemically similar to the target word. Simple and transformed up-down adaptive strategies were used to estimate performance levels at several locations on the performance-intensity functions of the words. The results verified predictions of the NAM and showed that easy words produced more favorable performance levels than hard words at an equal intelligibility. Although the slopes of the performanceintensity function for the hearing-impaired listeners were less steep than those of normal-hearing listeners, the effects of lexical difficulty on performance were similar for both groups.

Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, CVC = consonant-vowel-consonant, NAM = Neighborhood Activation Model, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, SNR = single-to-noise ratio