bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aportes a la educación matemática basados en la investigación
Authors: Bolio Couoh Jessica Rubí
Published: August 2020

En la obra Aportes a la educación matemática basados en la investigación, los editores Lidia Hernández, Ileana Borja, Josip Slisko y José Juárez exponen resultados recientes de la investigación en educación matemática que buscan mejorar el aprendizaje y la enseñanza de esta disciplina. Con tales aportaciones logran “contribuir al conocimiento del profesor de matemáticas de los niveles básico y medio superior, principalmente, pero también podrían ser útiles para los del nivel superior” (Hernández, Borja, Slisko y Juárez, 2019, p. 10). Cada capítulo del libro pone de manifiesto la importancia de otorgar a la práctica docente referentes teóricos y metodológicos debido a la complejidad de los diversos fenómenos asociados a los procesos educativos en el aula.
Экспериментальное исследование анальгетической активности густого экстракта цветков пижмы обыкновенной (Tanacetum vulgare L.)
Authors: Мищенко О. Я. , Юрченко Е. Ю. , Калько Е. А. , Лыткин Д. В.
Published: August 2020

Болевой синдром является проявлением многих патологических процессов и причиной снижения качества жизни пациента. Лекарственные средства с выраженной обезболивающей активностью широко применяются в клинической практике, однако обладают рядом опасныхдля жизни пациентов побочных эффектов. В связи с этим поиск новых эффективных обезболивающих лекарственных средств является актуальной задачей фармакологии. Перспективными в этом плане являются средства растительного происхождения, в частности экстракты пижмыобыкновенной.Объектом данного исследования был густой экстракт цветков пижмы обыкновенной (ГЭЦПО), полученный на кафедре ботаники Национального фармацевтического университета и стандартизированный по содержанию суммы флавоноидов (3,69 % в пересчете на лютеолин) и суммы гидроксикоричных кислот (16,88 % в пересчете на хлорогеновую кислоту).Цель исследования – экспериментальное изучение анальгетической активности ГЭЦПО.Для изучения анальгетической активности ГЭЦПО были использованы две модели: термической стимуляции («горячая пластина»), воспроизведенной на белых лабораторных самцах крыс, и химического раздражения («уксуснокислые корчи»), воспроизведенной на белых беспородных самцах мышей.Результаты исследования показали, что на модели «Горячая пластина» ГЭЦПО проявляет умеренную, но стойкую анальгетическую активность на уровне 26,1 %, 38,2 % и 38,7 % соответственно через 1 ч, 2 ч и 3 ч после введения, при этом достоверно (р < 0,05) уступая препаратам сравнениядиклофенаку натрия с анальгетической активностью 40,0 %, 79,8 % и 54,3 % соответственно и метамизолу натрия с анальгетической активностью 26,5 %, 74,0 % и 64,1 % соответственно. На модели "Уксуснокислые корчи" ГЭЦПО проявляет умеренную анальгетическую активность на уровне58,4 %, несколько уступая (р > 0,05) препарату сравнения диклофенаку натрия (97,5 %).Установлено, что ГЭЦПО обладает умеренной антиноцицептивной активностью на экспериментальных моделях как с периферическим, так и с центральным механизмом формирования болевой реакции. По силе анальгетического действия ГЭЦПО уступает препаратам сравнения нестероидному противовоспалительному средству диклофенаку натрия и анальгетику-антипиретику метамизолу натрия. Полученные данные являются экспериментальным обоснованием дальнейшего изучения ГЭЦПО как перспективного анальгетического средства.
Зниження гіперглікемії за цукровому діабету 2 типу малими дозами глюкози й підсолоджувачів
Authors: Ярош О. К. , Івчина Н. А. , Ярош О. О.
Published: August 2020

Мета дослідження – визначити вплив малих доз глюкози та підсолоджувачів, рослинного – стевії солодкої та хімічного – аспартаму, на рівень глюкози в крові за гіперглікемії в пацієнтів з цукровим діабетом 2 типу.Автори пропонують як один із перших можливих шляхів лікування цукрового діабету 2 типу – зниження гіперглікемії впливом солодощів на слизову ротової порожнини, зокрема, малими дозами глюкози та підсолоджувачами: рослинним (екстракт стевії солодкої) і хімічним (аспартам).Спостереженнями на хворих з діабетом 2 типу дослідники встановили ефект зниження гіперглікемії після застосування малих доз глюкози та підсолоджувачів. За рівнем зменшення гіперглікемії в пацієнтів з цукровим діабетом 2 типу вивчені речовини можна розташувати наступним чином: глюкоза < екстракт листя стевії солодкої < аспартам.Автори роблять висновок, що малі дози глюкози, рослинний (екстракт листя стевії солодкої) та хімічний (аспартам) підсолоджувачі здатні знижувати гіперглікемію в пацієнтів з діабетом 2 типу.
AGE-RELATED ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG ABORIGINAL RESIDENTS IN THE NORTHEAST OF RUSSIA
Authors: Averyanova I. V.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present research was to study anthropometric characteristics of the aboriginal population of the Magadan Region, North-Eastern Russia. Methods: A random sample of 135 young aboriginal men aged 17-21 form Magadan Region representing Koryaks, Evens ethnic groups participated in a cross-sectional study. All the subjects were split into 4 age-groups. Basic anthropometric measurements with subsequent calculation of anthropometric indices were performed. Results. In contrast to Caucasian young men, the group of aborigines showed annual growths of the body length during the adolescent period of ontogenesis, at the age of 18 and 2021, due to the height increase in the sitting position with a pronounced body mass increase (8.7 kg vs. 2.3 kg ), chest circumference (by 7.2 cm in Aborigines versus 3.3 cm in the Caucasians). The Aboriginal subjects also demonstrated an increase in their body build shifted from weak (at 17 and 18 year old age) to medium (at 19 and 20-21), whereas in the group of Caucasians a medium build was observed at the age of 17, 18 with the body strength developing to strong in the older age groups. These changes of the basic indicators of physical development demonstrated by the group of young Aborigines that took place against the background of an increase in the strength indicators could only occur in older age groups (at 19 and 20-21), which was associated with an increase in BMI. Conclusion. The results of a comparative analysis of the age dynamics of the main somatometric indicators and their calculated indices in the juvenile period of ontogenesis carried out in the two ethnic groups indicate the pronounced differences in somatometric status formation. The Aboriginal subjects showed a lag in their physical development rate.
THE PROBLEM OF HOMOGENOUS SAMPLING OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PARAMETERS AMONG MIGRANTS IN THE RUSSIAN NORTH
Authors: Khadartseva K. A. , Filatov M. A. , Melnikova E. G.
Published: August 2020

Adaptation of migrants to the conditions of the Russian North is largely determined by the state of the cardiovascular system. Registration of its changes due to environmental influences is associated with significant difficulties due to loss of sample homogeneity and the emergence of the Eskov-Zinchenko effect. Objective: to study the problem of loss of homogeneity in samples of RR (cardiointervals) in different age groups. Methods: samples of RR intervals of were recorded using the Eloks-01 device in three age groups of migrant women of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO) - Yugra. For recorded samples, matrices of paired comparisons of samples of cardiointervals and phase portraits (in 2 coordinates) were calculated. Results: calculated matrices of comparisons in pairs of samples of RR parameters steadily demonstrate a certain increase in the number of pairs (k), which have one (for this pair) common general population. The areas S of quasi-attractors, on the contrary, for cardiointervals (RR), decrease slightly with age, which can be described as a quadratic regression equation. Conclusions: All three age groups of women (alien population of KhMAO) demonstrate a steady loss of homogeneity of groups with changes in samples of cardiointervals, which confirms the validity of Eskov-Zinchenko effect. Moreover, such instability is more pronounced for individual test person than for age groups. It is proposed to calculate the parameters of quasi-attractors to assess differences in homeostasis of cardiovascular system, depending on the age of subjects. The areas S of quasi-attractors decrease with age (when normal aging), but for older-age migrants we have some increase in this area (possibly due to increase in pathological deviations in the cardiovascular system) which is not typical for indigenous population.
NON-SPECIFIC NON-MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES TO INSCREASE HUMAN RESISTANCE TO HYPOTHERMIA
Authors: Ivanov A. O. , Barachevskii Yu. E. , Groshilin S. M. , Stepanov V. A. , Lobozova O. V. , Linchenko S. N. , Karakhanyan K. S. , Skokova V. Yu.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study is to compare the results of using innovative normobaric hypoxic training to increase individual's resistance to exogenous hypothermia. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed using two groups of men aged 22-34 years. Group 1 (n=9) was exposed to argon-hypoxic training consisting of a 2-hour continuous stay of the test subjects in a gas environment with the composition: Ar 33 % vol., 02 12 % vol., N2 55 %. Group 2 (n=9) was exposed to a normobaric hypoxic training: a 2-hour continuous stay in a nitrogen-containing gas environment, the oxygen content of which decreased from 17 % vol. (1st session) up to 13 % vol. (5th session), after which the composition of the gas environment was not changed. The total number of sessions- 20 conducted daily or after 1-2 days. Training schedules were identical in the two groups. Hypothermic resistance of the subjects was evaluated using 3-minute standard aerocryothermic tests. The activity of the mechanisms of nonspecific protection of the subjects was evaluated by the indicator of serum fibronectin. Results: An improved resistance to hypothermia was observed in both groups. The changes were more pronounced in Group 1. So, with the best subjective resistance to hypothermia exposures in group 1 (p = 0.010-0.014), rectal temperature decrease (p = 0.019) was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2. Hypereactivity of systemic circulation indicators decreased in Group 1 to a greater extent (p = 0.010-0.038). In addition, with a significant increase in the level of fibronectin in both groups, these changes were significantly (p = 0.014) more pronounced in Group 1. Conclusions: Normobaric hypoxic training in the original regime is a safe and effective method of increasing human resistance to hypothermia. The effectiveness of this method can be improved by conducting argon-hypoxic training developed by the authors.
English Misadventures in the Red Sea and the Tangled Web of Jurisdiction, Sovereignty and Commerce in the Early Seventeenth Century
Authors: White Jason C.
Published: August 2020

This article analyses the first three English ventures into the Red Sea from 1608–1614 under the auspices of the East India Company's fourth, sixth, and eighth voyages. These ventures experienced a variety of disasters from shipwreck, captivity, mutiny, and the deaths of crewmembers. The sixth voyage, commanded by Henry Middleton, experienced the worst of the disasters. Middleton ran afoul of Ottoman officials in the port city of Mocha in Yemen and was taken in chains to the regional capital of Sana'a. He eventually escaped and returned to the Red Sea to seek revenge by blockading the port and committing acts of piracy. Middleton's actions reverberated back to Istanbul and London, where the main point of contact between England and the Ottoman Empire, the Levant Company, was forced to deal with the fallout in order to maintain its presence in the Sultan's dominions. The article argues that, despite the failures of these voyages, they reveal a great deal about the nature of overlapping jurisdictions and sovereignty in the early modern world, and furthermore they provide an important window into the evolution of corporations into entities capable of putting together empires amongst these disparate jurisdictions.
Yugoslavia's Liberal Opportunity: British Foreign Policy and the ‘Croatian Spring’, 1968–1974
Authors: Ledger Robert
Published: August 2020

Between 1968 and 1971, Yugoslavia experienced a prolonged series of protests dubbed the ‘Croatian Spring’. Britain was initially concerned that the Soviets would invade Yugoslavia, thereby upsetting the region's geopolitical balance. Protest against Tito's regime had liberal, Marxist and nationalist elements and, although some sympathy in Britain existed with the former in 1968, this gradually changed to fear of separatism, particularly as it was conflated with the memory of the fascist Ustaše regime. That these factors were aligned, however, impeded one of Britain's prime objectives, Yugoslav unity. British foreign policy towards Yugoslavia during this period aptly shows how it acted as a status quo power.
The soft power of the information sciences: Western influences on the development of Japan's library and archival systems
Authors: Harris Michael W. , Thaler Jane
Published: August 2020

The history of information practices in Japan runs parallel to its larger cultural influences — namely its long history of adaptation of the cultures of China and Korea, with a more recent turn towards the West. The soft power, the use of culture to extend influence over a foreign country, exerted by the US on Japanese libraries and archives can be felt in official policies and professional practices. In order to understand the variation and complicated nature of hegemonic influences the West has had on Japan's information culture, this paper will examine the history of librarianship and archival practices via the lens of practices imported to and/or avoided by the nation.
Fundamentación teológica para una ecología cristiana
Authors: Trujillo David Miguel
Published: August 2020

La humanidad se encuentra sumergida en un problema que definitivamente debe afrontar: las actitudes antiecológicas que han traído graves consecuencias al planeta. Como son muchos los francos desde los cuales se puede hacer frente a estas actitudes, acá se hace un llamado desde la fe cristiana, específicamente la católica, para pensar en propuestas que transformen la visión de cada ciudadano y especialmente la de los cristianos. Como es posible que el paradigma antiecológico que sigue la humanidad de hoy haya sido influenciado por la religión, también es posible que en ella misma se encuentre la fundamentación teológica que permita la emergencia y puesta en práctica de una ecología cristiana. La revisión exhaustiva de las Sagradas Escrituras, la visión de algunos padres de la Iglesia y, la consideración del magisterio eclesial de los tres últimos pontífices, permitirán develar la comprensión de un conocimiento sobre la Creación, que se encuentra inmerso en el mundo teológico, para ofrecer algunos aportes a la educación. Esta siguió una metodología de tipo documental con un marcado carácter hermenéutico que permitió “religar” a la naturaleza y al hombre de forma armoniosa y amorosa, tal y como Dios proyectó su amor misericordioso desde el momento de la creación.
Test del Dibujo del Reloj
Authors: Mencacci Anabella
Published: August 2020

El test del reloj es una evaluación utilizada para valorar diversas funciones cognitivas, entre ellas el lenguaje (la comprensión verbal), la atención, la memoria, la planificación, el razonamiento, la capacidad de inhibición y el análisis visoespacial en el espacio gráfico. En el presente estudio se utilizó esta prueba como una herramienta sencilla de screening en base a una muestra de pacientes adultos y se propone, a partir de los hallazgos obtenidos, una tabla de valoración con nuevos criterios de puntuación evaluando posteriormente, si existen variaciones en la interpretación subjetiva de la misma mediante la participación de otros inter-evaluadores (E1, E2, E3). Se trata de 100 (cien) pacientes adultos con diversos diagnósticos médicos que fueron derivados por Clínica Medica, Neurología o Fisiatría y Rehabilitación al área de Fonoaudiología para una evaluación cognitiva global en las distintas modalidades de atención durante el periodo 2015-2019 inclusive.
El cuidado parental durante el primer año de vida
Authors: López Bauta Adis Aymee , Hernández Cedeño Eniuska
Published: August 2020

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos de una investigación desarrollada con 20 tríadas madre-padre-hijo/hija de primer año de vida, residentes en el municipio Plaza de la Revolución, La Habana, Cuba. Se analizaron las características que adquiere el cuidado parental a partir de la aplicación de cuestionarios, entrevistas y la observación durante varias visitas al hogar de la familia. Como resultado se encontró que las madres son las principales encargadas del cuidado de la descendencia y que los padres manifiestan diferentes niveles de participación en este. Las madres son más sensibles, disponibles y cooperadoras ante las necesidades del/la infante. Asimismo, se constató la importancia de algunas representaciones mentales parentales en las manifestaciones de cuidado que ofrecen las madres y los padres a su hijo/hija de primer año de vida.
El desarrollo de la comunicación preverbal y verbal temprana. La importancia del juego
Authors: Durand María Florencia , Martínez Mauricio Sebastián , Gago Galvagno Lucas Gustavo , Elgier Angel
Published: August 2020

En el presente artículo se propone reflexionar acerca de la heterogeneidad de investigaciones vinculada con los estudios del desarrollo de la comunicación. Se trata de un campo amplio y hasta difuso, en donde los límites no resultan ser muy claros, por esto uno de los objetivos del presente trabajo es definir los constructos teóricos a los que han arribado los investigadores del desarrollo, desde una organización que parte desde las tradiciones de investigación que han dado lugar a la génesis de la comunicación en los primeros años de vida del niño. En este sentido, el segundo objetivo es realizar una reflexión, a partir del análisis del cuerpo o “mapa” teórico construido sobre de las diferentes funciones psicológicas implicadas en el desarrollo de la comunicación, las competencias sociales, y respuesta social de los niños, analizando el juego como principal vehiculizador de los actos comunicativos en los infantes. A través del material analizado se podría inferir que la evidencia empírica apoya que la génesis del desarrollo comunicativo se da a través de los gestos no verbales que refuerzan y construyen el desarrollo comunicativo, siendo también la base para el desarrollo del lenguaje verbal, ya que estos cumplen el rol de facilitador. La expresión tangible del desarrollo del mismo, encuadrada dentro de la respuesta social, sucedería a través del juego, que cumpliría una función vehiculizadora del desarrollo del acto y acción comunicativa, siendo esta última la expresión exteriorizada de las necesidades emocionales internas o producto de la interacción hasta las necesidades biológicas más básicas para su supervivencia.

No obstante a pesar de que los estudio sobre el desarrollo de la comunicación, respuesta social y juego durante los primeros años de vida del niño han avanzado en los últimos años, aún se verifica una escasez de estudios empíricos que propongan abordar en forma asociada el desarrollo de la comunicación, la respuesta social y el juego, como vehiculizador del desarrollo y lo que esto elicita en el niño. Estos estudios nos podrían brindar un análisis más integral acerca del impacto que tienen los vehiculizadores de la expresión gestual y visual, su accionar en el medio, sus modalidades de exploración, así como la identificación de los mecanismos subyacentes producto de tales asociaciones, que aportarían la generación de nueva evidencia científica que podría promover la creación de una nueva diversidad de intervenciones terapéuticas, preventivas, prácticas de crianza, orientadas a optimizar las competencias de comunicación en las fases tempranas del desarrollo.
Desarrollo evolutivo humano y longevidad. Un análisis bio-psicosocial
Authors: Castañeda-García Pedro Javier , Reyes Macías Isabel , Bordón Suárez Vanesa de los Dolores , Segura Cabrera Cynthia Anghara
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre el desarrollo evolutivo humano y longevidad, desde un enfoque biopsicosocial (Engel, 1977; Gliedt et al., 2017; Lehman et al., 2017). Tras aplicar el método de análisis PRISMA, se obtuvieron diversos resultados relacionados con un desarrollo evolutivo más longevo; así, en el área biológica, 3 factores: los SNPs, los telómeros y la química del estrés; en el área psicológica, 5 factores: la metacognición, la resiliencia, la espiritualidad, las relaciones personales y la depresión; y en el área social, 8 factores: la pseudo-heredabilidad, las relaciones conyugales, la maternidad, el nivel educativo, estilos de vida, dieta y restricción calórica, actividad física y mental y tecnología sanitaria. Ante los datos obtenidos en las tres áreas, de este enfoque biopsicosocial, y el repetido solapamiento entre factores del área psicológica y del área social, se plantea que pudieran considerarse estas dos como una conjunta, proponiéndose un enfoque explicativo con dos áreas: bio-psicosocial que, por factores encontrados en este trabajo, quedarían un 18,7% de biológica y un 81,3% psicosocial. Actualmente, hay suficiente información sobre desarrollo evolutivo humano y longevidad, pero una ausencia de investigaciones que estudien esos factores desde una perspectiva integrada. Mucha de esa información privilegiada se podría aplicar ya, psicológica y socialmente, a la población en general, para una mejora de su salud, en cualquier fase del desarrollo evolutivo humano.
Adaptive Metrics for Adaptive Samples
Authors: Cavanna Nicholas J. , Sheehy Donald R.
Published: August 2020

We generalize the local-feature size definition of adaptive sampling used in surface reconstruction to relate it to an alternative metric on Euclidean space. In the new metric, adaptive samples become uniform samples, making it simpler both to give adaptive sampling versions of homological inference results and to prove topological guarantees using the critical points theory of distance functions. This ultimately leads to an algorithm for homology inference from samples whose spacing depends on their distance to a discrete representation of the complement space.
Methodology for Analyzing the Traditional Algorithms Performance of User Reviews Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Karim Abdul , Azhari Azhari , Belhaouri Samir Brahim , Qureshi Ali Adil , Ahmad Maqsood
Published: August 2020

Android-based applications are widely used by almost everyone around the globe. Due to the availability of the Internet almost everywhere at no charge, almost half of the globe is engaged with social networking, social media surfing, messaging, browsing and plugins. In the Google Play Store, which is one of the most popular Internet application stores, users are encouraged to download thousands of applications and various types of software. In this research study, we have scraped thousands of user reviews and the ratings of different applications. We scraped 148 application reviews from 14 different categories. A total of 506,259 reviews were accumulated and assessed. Based on the semantics of reviews of the applications, the results of the reviews were classified negative, positive or neutral. In this research, different machine-learning algorithms such as logistic regression, random forest and naïve Bayes were tuned and tested. We also evaluated the outcome of term frequency (TF) and inverse document frequency (IDF), measured different parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score (F1) and present the results in the form of a bar graph. In conclusion, we compared the outcome of each algorithm and found that logistic regression is one of the best algorithms for the review-analysis of the Google Play Store from an accuracy perspective. Furthermore, we were able to prove and demonstrate that logistic regression is better in terms of speed, rate of accuracy, recall and F1 perspective. This conclusion was achieved after preprocessing a number of data values from these data sets.
The Effects of Alkaline Pretreatment on Agricultural Biomasses (Corn Cob and Sweet Sorghum Bagasse) and Their Hydrolysis by a Termite-Derived Enzyme Cocktail
Authors: Mafa Mpho. S. , Malgas Samkelo , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Rashamuse Konanani , Pletschke Brett I.
Published: August 2020

Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) and corncob (CC) have been identified as promising feedstocks for the production of second-generation biofuels and other value-added chemicals. In this study, lime (Ca(OH)2) and NaOH pretreatment efficacy for decreasing recalcitrance from SSB and CC was investigated, and subsequently, the pretreated biomass was subjected to the hydrolytic action of an in-house formulated holocellulolytic enzyme cocktail (HEC-H). Compositional analysis revealed that SSB contained 29.34% lignin, 17.75% cellulose and 16.28% hemicellulose, while CC consisted of 22.51% lignin, 23.58% cellulose and 33.34% hemicellulose. Alkaline pretreatment was more effective in pretreating CC biomass compared to the SSB biomass. Both Ca(OH)2 and NaOH pretreatment removed lignin from the CC biomass, while only NaOH removed lignin from the SSB biomass. Biomass compositional analysis revealed that these agricultural feedstocks differed in their chemical composition because the CC biomass contained mainly hemicellulose (33–35%), while SSB biomass consisted mainly of cellulose (17–24%). The alkaline pretreated SSB and CC samples were subjected to the hydrolytic action of the holocellulolytic enzyme cocktail, formulated with termite derived multifunctional enzymes (referred to as MFE-5E, MFE-5H and MFE-45) and exoglucanase (Exg-D). The HEC-H hydrolysed NaOH pretreated SSB and CC more effectively than Ca(OH)2 pretreated feedstocks, revealing that NaOH was a more effective pretreatment. In conclusion, the HEC-H cocktail efficiently hydrolysed alkaline pretreated agricultural feedstocks, particularly those which are hemicellulose- and amorphous cellulose-rich, such as CC, making it attractive for use in the bioconversion process in the biorefinery industry.
Individual Variability in Response to Social Stress in Dairy Heifers
Authors: Nogues Emeline , Lecorps Benjamin , Weary Daniel M. , von Keyserlingk Marina A. G.
Published: August 2020

Regrouping is associated with increased aggression, and disruption of time-budgets. Individuals vary in how well they cope with social stress. Our objective was to describe individual differences in agonistic behavior in dairy heifers after regrouping, and determine how time-budget and behavioral synchronization were affected by these coping strategies. A total of 30 heifers were individually regrouped at 5-months of age into stable groups of 12 unfamiliar animals. For 24 h, agonistic behaviors initiated and received by the regrouped heifer were continuously recorded, and standing, resting and feeding time and synchronization were sampled every 5 min. Scores of engagement in agonistic interactions and avoidance of interactions were calculated for each regrouped heifer. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess whether these two response types were related, and how variation in these responses related to activity and synchronization. Engaged heifers displayed lower avoidance and spent more time feeding. Avoidant heifers spent less time feeding and resting, and were less synchronized while feeding. We conclude that dairy heifers differ in social coping strategy when regrouped through different levels of engagement and avoidance, and that these differences affected their time-budget and behavioral synchronization.
Severe Intraoperative Anaphylaxis Related to Thymoglobulin during Living Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Saeed Muhammad I. , Nicklas Ryan D. , Kumar Vikas , Kapoor Rajan , Gani Imran Y.
Published: August 2020

Anaphylaxis secondary to thymoglobulin (anti-thymocyte globulin) is a rare condition that can be life threatening. Thymoglobulin is a rabbit-derived T-cell depleting polyclonal immunoglobulin. It is commonly used for induction immunosuppression and/or for treatment of acute rejection in renal transplantation. We report a case of a living kidney transplant recipient who developed intraoperative anaphylactic shock secondary to thymoglobulin. The patient had a history of pet rabbit exposure. This case report highlights the importance of prompt identification and management of intraoperative anaphylaxis, which is key to a successful outcome. Induction immunosuppression selection based on patient characteristics is important. Communication between the anesthesia team and surgeons played a key role in stopping the donor surgery.
S-Thiolation Targets Albumin in Heart Failure
Authors: Brioschi Maura , Gianazza Erica , Mallia Alice , Zoanni Beatrice , Altomare Alessandra , Martinez Fernandez Alma , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Aldini Giancarlo , Banfi Cristina
Published: August 2020

Human serum albumin (HSA) is associated with several physiological functions, such as maintaining oncotic pressure and microvascular integrity, among others. It also represents the major and predominant antioxidant in plasma due to the presence of the Cys34 sulfhydryl group. In this study, we assessed qualitative and quantitative changes in HSA in patients with heart failure (HF) and their relationship with the severity of the disease. We detected by means of mass spectrometry a global decrease of the HSA content in the plasma of HF patients in respect to control subjects, a significant increase of thio-HSA with a concomitant decrease in the reduced form of albumin. Cysteine and, at a lesser extent, homocysteine represent the most abundant thiol bound to HSA. A strong inverse correlation was also observed between cysteine-HSA and peak VO2/kg, an index of oxygen consumption associated with HF severity. Moreover, in HL-1 cardiomyocytes incubated with H2O2, we showed a significant decrease of cell viability in cells treated with thio-HSA in respect to restored native-HSA. In conclusion, we found for the first time that S-thiolation of albumin is increased in the plasma of HF patients and induced changes in the structure and antioxidant function of HSA, likely contributing to HF progression.
The Impact of Formulation on Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and meso-Zeaxanthin Bioavailability: A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Green-Gomez Marina , Prado-Cabrero Alfonso , Moran Rachel , Power Tommy , Gómez-Mascaraque Laura G. , Stack Jim , Nolan John M.
Published: August 2020

Lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) have been the focus of research and commercial interest for their applications in human health. Research into formulations to enhance their bioavailability is merited. This 6 month randomised placebo-controlled trial involving 81 healthy volunteers compared the bioavailability of different formulations of free L, Z, and MZ in sunflower or omega-3 oil versus L, Z, and MZ diacetates (Ld, Zd, and MZd) in a micromicellar formulation. Fasting serum carotenoids, macular pigment, and skin carotenoid score were analysed at baseline and 6 months. Serum L, Z, and MZ concentrations increased in all active interventions compared to placebo (p < 0.001 to p = 0.008). The diacetate micromicelle formulation exhibited a significantly higher mean response in serum concentrations of Z and MZ compared to the other active interventions (p = 0.002 to 0.019). A micromicellar formulation with solubilised Z and MZ diacetates is a promising technology advancement that enhances the bioavailability of these carotenoids when compared to traditional carotenoid formulations (ISRCTN clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN18206561).
Partially versus Purely Data-Driven Approaches in SARS-CoV-2 Prediction
Authors: Shilbayeh Samar A. , Abonamah Abdullah , Masri Ahmad A.
Published: August 2020

Prediction models of coronavirus disease utilizing machine learning algorithms range from forecasting future suspect cases, predicting mortality rates, to building a pattern for country-specific pandemic end date. To predict the future suspect infection and death cases, we categorized the approaches found in the literature into: first, a purely data-driven approach, whose goal is to build a mathematical model that relates the data variables including outputs with inputs to detect general patterns. The discovered patterns can then be used to predict the future infected cases without any expert input. The second approach is partially data-driven; it uses historical data, but allows expert input such as the SIR epidemic algorithm. This approach assumes that the epidemic will end according to medical reasoning. In this paper, we compare the purely data-driven and partially-data driven approaches by applying them to data from three countries having different past pattern behavior. The countries are the US, Jordan, and Italy. It is found that those two prediction approaches yield significantly different results. Purely data-driven approach depends totally on the past behavior and does not show any decline in the number of the infected cases if the country did not experience any decline in the number of cases. On the other hand, a partially data-driven approach guarantees a timely decline of the infected curve to reach zero. Using the two approaches highlights the importance of human intervention in pandemic prediction to guide the learning process as opposed to the purely data-driven approach that predicts future cases based on the pattern detected in the data.
Microscopic Characteristic Analysis on Sandstone under Coupling Effect of Freeze–Thaw and Acidic Treatment: From Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Perspective
Authors: Yu Songtao , Deng Hongwei , Tian Guanglin , Deng Junren
Published: August 2020

Microscopic characteristics greatly affect mechanical and physical properties as they exert vital impact on the stability and durability of materials. In this paper, widely distributed sandstone was chosen as the research object. Sandstone was treated with a coupled effect of Freeze–Thaw (F–T) weathering and acid solution, where freeze–thaw cycles were set as 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cycles, and the pH of the acid solution were set as 2.8, 4.2, 5.6 and 7.0, respectively. Then, nuclear magnetic resonance was applied to measure the microscopic characteristics of sandstone, then porosity, pore size distribution and permeability before the fractal dimensions were obtained and calculated. Results show that porosity increases when F–T cycles increase, and its increase grows with the pH of acid solution decrease during the first 10 F–T cycles. Macro porosity, meso porosity and micro porosity account for the largest, second largest and smallest ratio of porosity growth. Meso porosity, micro porosity and macro porosity account for the largest, second largest and smallest ratio of total porosity. Permeability increases obviously with F–T cycle increase, while acid erosion exerts little influence on permeability increment overall. Fractal dimensions of meso pores and macro pores increase with F–T cycle increase overall, and they increase with pH decrease overall. Porosity has strong exponentially correlation with permeability. Fractal dimensions of meso pores and macro pores have good linearly correlation with permeability, while correlation between porosity and fractal dimensions are not that obvious.
Modern Aspects of Cyber-Security Training and Continuous Adaptation of Programmes to Trainees
Authors: Hatzivasilis George , Ioannidis Sotiris , Smyrlis Michail , Spanoudakis George , Frati Fulvio , Goeke Ludger , Hildebrandt Torsten , Tsakirakis George , Oikonomou Fotis , Leftheriotis George , Koshutanski Hristo
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, more-and-more cyber-security training is emerging as an essential process for the lifelong personnel education in organizations, especially for those which operate critical infrastructures. This is due to security breaches on popular services that become publicly known and raise people’s security awareness. Except from large organizations, small-to-medium enterprises and individuals need to keep their knowledge on the related topics up-to-date as a means to protect their business operation or to obtain professional skills. Therefore, the potential target-group may range from simple users, who require basic knowledge on the current threat landscape and how to operate the related defense mechanisms, to security experts, who require hands-on experience in responding to security incidents. This high diversity makes training and certification quite a challenging task. This study combines pedagogical practices and cyber-security modelling in an attempt to support dynamically adaptive training procedures. The training programme is initially tailored to the trainee’s needs, promoting the continuous adaptation to his/her performance afterwards. As the trainee accomplishes the basic evaluation tasks, the assessment starts involving more advanced features that demand a higher level of understanding. The overall method is integrated in a modern cyber-ranges platform, and a pilot training programme for smart shipping employees is presented.
Antihypertensive Effect of Amaranth Hydrolysate Is Comparable to the Effect of Low-Intensity Physical Activity
Authors: Cabrera-Chávez Francisco , Lopez-Teros Veronica , Gutiérrez-Arzapalo Perla Yareli , Cárdenas-Torres Feliznando Isidro , Rios-Burgueño Efren Rafael , Astiazaran-Garcia Humberto , Murúa José Aldo Hernández , González-Ochoa Guadalupe , Ramírez-Torres Giovanni Isaí , Ontiveros Noé
Published: August 2020

Background and objectives: Both antihypertensive peptide intake and physical activity help to control blood pressure. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of consuming amaranth antihypertensive peptides on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in normotensive rats and the magnitude and relevance of the peptide-induced antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Materials and Methods: Treatments (alcalase-generated amaranth protein hydrolysate, captopril, or water) were given by gavage and the SBP measured by the tail-cuff method. Physical activity was performed five days/week (for twenty weeks). Results: The normotensive rats’ SBP (mmHg, average/group) remained unaffected after amaranth antihypertensive peptide supplementation (121.8) (p > 0.05 vs controls). In SHR, the SBP was lowered by 24.6 (sedentary/supplemented at two weeks), 42.0 (sedentary/supplemented at eight weeks), and 31.5 (exercised/non-supplemented at eight weeks) (p < 0.05 vs sedentary/non-supplemented). The combination of supplementation and physical activity lowered the SBP by 36.2 and 42.7 (supplemented/exercised at two weeks and eight weeks, respectively) (p < 0.05 vs sedentary/non-supplemented), but it did not have additional antihypertensive benefits (p > 0.05 vs sedentary/supplemented at eight weeks or exercised/non-supplemented at eight weeks). Conclusions: Amaranth antihypertensive peptide supplementation has no impact on SBP in normotensive rats. This supplementation develops sustained antihypertensive benefits in SHR, which are similar to the antihypertensive effect developed after eight- or twenty-week low-intensity physical activity. These findings have implications for developing safe and effective peptide-based functional foods.
Performance In-Live of Marine Engines: A Tool for Its Evaluation
Authors: Dodero Matteo , Bertagna Serena , Marino’ Alberto , Bucci Vittorio
Published: August 2020

Currently, most ships use internal combustion engines (ICEs) either as propulsion engines or generator sets. The growing concern in environmental protection along with the consequent international rule framework motivated shipowners and designers to replace conventional power systems in order to mitigate pollutant emissions. Therefore, manufacturers have made available on the market many technological solutions to use alternative fuels (Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG, methanol, etc.). However, the main energy source is still fossil fuel, so almost all the ICEs are made up of turbocharged diesel engines (TDEs). TDEs have still the potential to improve their efficiency and reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In particular, the interpretation of Industry 4.0 given by manufacturers enabled the installation of a robust network of sensors on TDEs, which is able to allow reliable power management systems and make ships much more efficient regarding operating costs (fuel consumption and maintenance) and environmental footprint. In this paper, a software tool that is capable of processing the in-live performance of TDEs is described. The great novelty consists in the ability to process all the information detected by the sensor network in-live and dynamically optimize TDEs’ operation, whereas the common practice involves the collection of performance data and their off-line processing.
Thermomechanically Induced Precipitation in High-Performance Ferritic (HiperFer) Stainless Steels
Authors: Fan Xiuru , Kuhn Bernd , Pöpperlová Jana , Bleck Wolfgang , Krupp Ulrich
Published: August 2020

Novel high-performance fully ferritic (HiperFer) stainless steels were developed to meet the demands of next-generation thermal power-conversion equipment and to feature a uniquely balanced combination of resistance to fatigue, creep, and corrosion. Typical conventional multistep processing and heat treatment were applied to achieve optimized mechanical properties for this alloy. This paper outlines the feasibility of thermomechanical processing for goal-oriented alteration of the mechanical properties of this new type of steel, applying an economically more efficient approach. The impact of treatment parameter variation on alloy microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties were investigated in detail. Furthermore, initial optimization steps were undertaken.
Glass-Ceramic Foams from Alkali-Activated Vitrified Bottom Ash and Waste Glasses
Authors: Hujova Miroslava , Rabelo Monich Patricia , Sedlacek Jaroslav , Hnatko Miroslav , Kraxner Jozef , Galusek Dusan , Bernardo Enrico
Published: August 2020

Both vitrified bottom ashes (VBAs) and waste glasses are forms of inorganic waste material that are widely landfilled, despite having some economic potential. Building on previous studies, we prepared glass-ceramic foams by the combination of VBA with either soda-lime glass (SLG) or borosilicate glass (BSG). Suspensions of fine powders in weakly alkaline solution underwent gelation, followed by frothing at nearly room temperature. Hardened “green” foams were sintered, with concurrent crystallization, at 850–1000 °C. All foams were highly porous (>70%), with mostly open porosity. The glass addition was fundamental in both gelation (promoting the formation of carbonate and silicate hydrated phases) and firing steps. While SLG addition enhanced the viscous flow sintering, without a significant impact on the crystallization of gehlenite, the main crystalline phase from the devitrification of VBA, BSG addition caused a reactive sintering, with remarkable changes in the phase assemblage. The glass addition generally also allowed lower sintering temperatures and yielded products with excellent crushing strength. However, only specific conditions resulted in the complete immobilization of pollutants (e.g., Cr3+ ions).
Towards the Discovery of Influencers to Follow in Micro-Blogs (Twitter) by Detecting Topics in Posted Messages (Tweets)
Authors: Ali Mubashir , Baqir Anees , Psaila Giuseppe , Malik Sayyam
Published: August 2020

Micro-blogs, such as Twitter, have become important tools to share opinions and information among users. Messages concerning any topic are daily posted. A message posted by a given user reaches all the users that decided to follow her/him. Some users post many messages, because they aim at being recognized as influencers, typically on specific topics. How a user can discover influencers concerned with her/his interest? Micro-blog apps and web sites lack a functionality to recommend users with influencers, on the basis of the content of posted messages. In this paper, we envision such a scenario and we identify the problem that constitutes the basic brick for developing a recommender of (possibly influencer) users: training a classification model by exploiting messages labeled with topical classes, so as this model can be used to classify unlabeled messages, to let the hidden topic they talk about emerge. Specifically, the paper reports the investigation activity we performed to demonstrate the suitability of our idea. To perform the investigation, we developed an investigation framework that exploits various patterns for extracting features from within messages (labeled with topical classes) in conjunction with the mostly-used classifiers for text classification problems. By means of the investigation framework, we were able to perform a large pool of experiments, that allowed us to evaluate all the combinations of feature patterns with classifiers. By means of a cost-benefit function called “Suitability”, that combines accuracy with execution time, we were able to demonstrate that a technique for discovering topics from within messages suitable for the application context is available.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Internal Temperature of an Oil-Immersed Power Transformer with DOFS
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Li Xinye , Li Huan , Wang Jiaxue , Fan Xiaozhou
Published: August 2020

To accurately detect and monitor the internal temperature of an operating power transformer, the distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) was creatively applied inside an oil-immersed 35 kV transformer through high integration with the winding wire. On the former basis, the power transformer prototype with a completely global internal temperature sensing capability was successfully developed and it was also qualified for power grid operation through the ex-factory type tests. The internal spatially continuous temperature distribution of the operating transformer was then revealed through a heat-run test and the numerical simulation was also applied for further analysis. Hotspots of windings were continuously located and monitored (emerging at about 89%/90% height of low/high voltage winding), which were furtherly compared with the IEC calculation results. This new nondestructive internal sensing method shows a broad application prospect in the electrical equipment field. Also, the revelation of transformer internal distributed temperature can offer a solid reference for both researchers and field operation staff.
The Optomechanical Response of a Cubic Anharmonic Oscillator
Authors: Huang Sumei , Hao Hongmiao , Chen Aixi
Published: August 2020

The nonlinearity of a mechanical oscillator may lead to the generation of the macroscopic quantum states, which are useful for precision measurement. Measuring the nonlinearity of a mechanical oscillator becomes important in order to effectively assess its performance. In this paper, we study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an optomechanical system with a cubic nonlinear movable mirror. In the presence of the nonlinearity of the movable mirror, we show that the intensity of the output probe field exhibits an asymmetric shape with the transparency peak shifted to a frequency lower than the cavity resonance frequency. This shift can be used to measure the nonlinearity strength of the movable mirror. We also show that the mechanical nonlinearity gives rise to the enhancement of the intensity of the second-order upper sideband generation.