bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Querkrafttragverhalten stahlfaserverstärkter UHFB‐Biegeträger mit Kompaktquerschnitt
Authors: Metje Kevin , Leutbecher Torsten
Published: July 2022

Bei Biegeträgern aus stahlfaserverstärktem ultrahochfesten Beton (UHFB) unterscheidet sich das Querkrafttragverhalten je nach Querschnittsform. Balken mit gegliedertem Querschnitt zeigen typischerweise ein Schub‐Zug‐Versagen des dünnen Stegs. Hingegen tritt bei Balken mit Kompaktquerschnitt Biegeschubversagen auf. Somit sind Bemessungsansätze, die den Querkraftwiderstand eines Bauteils ohne Querkraftbewehrung, die Wirkung einer Vorspannung sowie Traganteile aus Bügeln und Fasern überlagern, nicht zwangsläufig auf beide Querschnittsformen gleichermaßen anwendbar. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, das Querkrafttragverhalten von UHFB‐Balken mit Kompaktquerschnitt und insbesondere die Einflüsse des Fasergehalts und des Vorspanngrads auf die Entwicklung des kritischen Schubrisses und die Querkrafttragfähigkeit zu untersuchen. Hierzu wurden 22 Querkraftversuche durchgeführt. Rissbildung und ‐ausbreitung wurden mittels digitaler Bildkorrelation überwacht. In den Versuchen konnte ein deutlicher Einfluss des Fasergehalts und des Vorspanngrads auf die Schubrisskraft festgestellt werden. Die Probekörper ohne Vorspannung zeigten überwiegend ein typisches Biegeschubversagen, während bei den vorgespannten Probekörpern die Betondruckzone unter kombinierter Beanspruchung aus Biegeschub und Biegedruck versagte. Anhand der Ergebnisse wurde ein additiver Bemessungsansatz überprüft. Er liefert für alle Versuche eine konservative Abschätzung der Schubrisskraft.
Enhancing thermal stability and lytic activity of phage lysin PlyAB1 from Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Yuan Yingbo , Li Qingbin , Zhang Shuhang , Gu Jinhong , Huang Guangtao , Qi Qingsheng , Lu Xuemei
Published: July 2022

With the increasingly serious drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii, there is an increasingly urgent need for new antibacterial drugs. Phage lysin PlyAB1 has a bactericidal effect on drug‐resistant A. baumannii, which has the potential to replace antibiotics to fight infection caused by A. baumannii. However, its application is limited by its thermal stability and lytic activity. To solve these problems, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with Hotspot wizard 3.0 were used to identify key residue sites affecting thermal stability, and evolutionary analysis combined with multiple sequence alignment was used to identify key residue sites affecting lytic activity. Four single‐point variants with significantly increased thermal stability and four single‐point variants with significantly lytic activity were obtained, respectively. Furthermore, by superimposing mutations, we obtained three double‐point variants, G100Q/K69R, G100R/K69R, and G100K/K69R, with significantly improved thermal stability and improved lytic activity. At 45°C, the lytic activity and half‐life of the optimal variant G100Q/K69R were 1.51‐ and 24‐fold higher than those of the wild PlyAB1, respectively. These results deepen our understanding of the structure and function of phage lysin and contribute to the application of phage lysin in antibiotic substitution.
CFDP1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through activating NEDD4/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Yan , Qiu Jiannan , Liu Siyuan , Wang Peng , Ma Ding , Zhang Guang , Cao Yin , Hu Lili , Wang Zhongxia , Wu Junhua , Jiang Chunping
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

It is being increasingly reported that the Cranio Facial Development Protein 1 (CFDP1) plays a significant role in the onset and progression of tumors. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms associated with CFDP1 that contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the specific biological role of CFDP1 remain vague.

Methods

The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was analyzed to obtain the gene expression profiles as well as the matching clinical data of HCC patients. The gene co‐expression network was developed by means of weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) to screen for possible biomarkers that could be used for the purpose of predicting prognosis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) databases were used to assess the relationship between survival and expression. In addition, we identified the underlying mechanism associated with CFDP1 by analyzing the KEGG pathway database, applying the GSEA and GeneCards analysis method. We performed a sequence of experiments (in vivo and in vitro) for the purpose of investigating the specific function of CFDP1 in liver cancer.

Results

The obtained results revealed high expression of CFDP1 in HCC tissues and cell lines. A positive correlation between the overexpression of CFDP1 and the adverse clinicopathological features was observed. Moreover, we observed that the low recurrence‐free survival and overall survival were associated with CFDP1 overexpression. In addition, GeneCards and GSEA analysis showed that CFDP1 may interact with NEDD4 and participate in PTEN regulation. Meanwhile, CFDP1 can promote the malignant development of liver cancer in vivo and in vitro. The western blotting technique was also employed so as to examine the samples, and the findings demonstrated that CFDP1 enhanced the malignancy of HCC via the NEDD4‐mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusion

We highlighted that CFDP1 played an oncogenic role in HCC and was identified as a possible clinical prognostic factor and a potential novel therapeutic target for HCC.
Physicochemical properties and viscoelastic behavior of rice–mung bean composite flour systems as potential ingredients for plant‐based foods
Authors: Piyapattanamongkol Teeratat , Kongpensook Varapha , Tananuwong Kanitha
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Composite flour (CF) from cereals and legumes has been used to formulate plant‐based and/or gluten‐free food products. Fundamental knowledge regarding the properties of CF is required to formulate food products with desirable qualities. This study aimed to investigate the pasting properties, thermal properties, and viscoelastic behavior of CF, containing rice flour (RF), mung bean flour (MF), and mung bean protein concentrate (MPC). The protein contents of the CF were 17.6%‐23.6% on a wet basis.

Findings

The CF containing the highest proportion of RF had the highest pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown, setback, and melting enthalpy of retrograded amylopectin. The deconvoluted thermogram from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) clearly distinguished the endotherms that arose from starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, and melting of the amylose−lipid complex. The gelatinization endotherm of CF was mainly governed by RF. CF containing a higher proportion of RF and MPC had stronger elastic behavior.

Conclusions

The type and composition of the flour greatly affected the physicochemical and viscoelastic properties of the CF. RF played an important role in the pasting and thermal properties of the CF samples. Combining RF and MPC could be used to enhance the elastic behavior of dough from CF systems.

Significance and Novelty

Deconvoluted DSC peaks provided insight into the multiple thermal transitions that occurred during the processing of CF‐based foods. The overall results from this study could help in the formulation of food containing rice−mung bean CF in excess water or in a dough system.
Correlating Mass Transfer Coefficients of O2 and N2 in Methanol in a Stirred‐Tank Reactor
Authors: Qi Miao , Dong Haifeng , Meng Xianglei , Liu Guliang , Diao Yanyan
Published: July 2022

In oxidative esterification of methacrolein to methyl methacrylate, mass transfer of O2 and N2 in methanol is of vital importance for the determination of reaction kinetics and design of industrial units. The mass transfer coefficients kL of O2 and N2 in methanol were determined by the decreasing‐pressure method in a gas‐liquid stirred reactor at temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 333.15 K, pressures ranging from 0.5 to 1.2 MPa, and agitation speeds ranging from 100 to 200 rpm. It could be shown that kL‐O2 and kL‐N2 increased with increasing temperature and agitation speed, but did not change significantly with partial pressure. On the basis of the experimental results, theoretical and empirical equations were proposed. This work provides an example of a study on the mass transfer of gases in a liquid.
Solvent‐ and Substrate‐Induced Chiroptical Inversion in Amphiphilic, Biocompatible Glycoconjugate Supramolecules: Shape‐Persistent Gelation, Self‐Healing, and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Ghosh Angshuman , Dubey Soumen Kumar , Patra Maxcimilan , Mandal Jishu , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Das Priyanka , Bhowmick Arpita , Sarkar Keka , Mukherjee Suprabhat , Saha Rajat , Bhattacharjee Subham
Published: July 2022

We have shown solvent‐ and substrate‐dependent chiral inversion of a few glycoconjugate supramolecules. (Z)‐F‐Gluco, in which d‐glucosamine has been attached chemically to Cbz‐protected l‐phenylalanine at the C terminus, forms a self‐healing hydrogel through intertwining of the nanofibers wherein the gelators undergo lamellar packing in the β‐sheet secondary structures with a single chiral handedness. Dihybrid (Z)‐F‐gluco nanocomposite gel was prepared by in‐situ formation of silver nanoparticles AgNPs in the gel; this enhances the mechanical properties of the composite gel through physical crosslinking without altering the packing pattern. In contrast, (Z)‐L‐gluco bearing an l‐leucine moiety does not form a hydrogel but an organogel. Interestingly, the chiral handedness of the aggregates of (Z)‐L‐gluco can be reversed by choosing suitable solvents. In addition to self‐healing behavior, (Z)‐L‐gluco gel revealed shape persistency. Further, (Z)‐F‐gluco hydrogel is benign, nontoxic, non‐immunogenic, and non‐allergenic in animal cells. AgNP‐loaded (Z)‐F‐gluco hydrogel showed antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
Enhancing the Peroxygenase Activity of a Cofactor‐Independent Peroxyzyme by Directed Evolution Enabling Gram‐Scale Epoxide Synthesis
Authors: Sigmund Marie‐Cathérine , Xu Guangcai , Grandi Eleonora , Poelarends Gerrit J.
Published: July 2022

Peroxygenases selectively incorporate oxygen into organic molecules making use of the environmentally friendly oxidant H2O2 with water being the sole by‐product. These biocatalysts can provide ‘green’ routes for the synthesis of enantioenriched epoxides, which are fundamental intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals. The peroxyzyme 4‐oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4‐OT), catalysing the epoxidation of a variety of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with H2O2, is outstanding because of its independence from any cost‐intensive cofactor. However, its low‐level peroxygenase activity and the decrease in the enantiomeric excess of the corresponding α,β‐epoxy‐aldehydes under preparative‐scale conditions is limiting the potential of 4‐OT. Herein we report the directed evolution of a tandem‐fused 4‐OT variant, which showed an ∼150‐fold enhanced peroxygenase activity compared to 4‐OT wild type, enabling the synthesis of α,β‐epoxy‐aldehydes in milligram‐ and gram‐scale with high enantiopurity (up to 98 % ee) and excellent conversions. This engineered cofactor‐independent peroxyzyme can provide new opportunities for the eco‐friendly and practical synthesis of enantioenriched epoxides at large scale.
Catalysis by [Ga4L6]12− Metallocage on the Nazarov Cyclization: The Basicity of Complexed Alcohol is Key
Authors: Norjmaa Gantulga , Himo Fahmi , Maréchal Jean‐Didier , Ujaque Gregori
Published: July 2022

The Nazarov cyclization is investigated in solution and within K12[Ga4L6] supramolecular organometallic cage by means of computational methods. The reaction needs acidic condition in solution but works at neutral pH in the presence of the metallocage. The reaction steps for the process are analogous in both media: (a) protonation of the alcohol group, (b) water loss and (c) cyclization. The relative Gibbs energies of all the steps are affected by changing the environment from solvent to the metallocage. The first step in the mechanism, the alcohol protonation, turns out to be the most critical one for the acceleration of the reaction inside the metallocage. In order to calculate the relative stability of protonated alcohol inside the cavity, we propose a computational scheme for the calculation of basicity for species inside cavities and can be of general use. These results are in excellent agreement with the experiments, identifying key steps of catalysis and providing an in‐depth understanding of the impact of the metallocage on all the reaction steps.
Monomeric Magnesium Catalyzed Alkene and Alkyne Hydroboration
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Dutta Sayan , Sharma Vishal , Singh Praval P. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Koley Debasis , Sen Sakya S.
Published: July 2022

In this work, two monomeric magnesium alkyl complexes (1and2) were prepared using bis(phosphino)carbazole framework and among them1has been used as a catalyst for hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes with pinacolborane (HBpin). A broad variety of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes and alkynes were efficiently reduced. Anti‐Markovnikov regioselective hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes was achieved, which was confirmed by deuterium‐labelling experiments. The work represents the first example of the use of magnesium in homogeneous catalytic hydroboration of alkene with broad substrate scope. Experimental mechanistic investigations and DFT calculations provided insights into the reaction mechanism. Finally, the hydroboration protocol was extended to terpenes.
Metalloenzyme‐Mediated Thiol‐Yne Addition Towards Photoisomerizable Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Lossouarn Alexis , Puteaux Chloé , Bailly Laetitia , Tognetti Vincent , Joubert Laurent , Renard Pierre‐Yves , Sabot Cyrille
Published: July 2022

Proteins are able to irreversibly assemble biologically active ligands from building blocks bearing complementary reactive functions due their spatial proximity, through a kinetic target‐guided synthetic process (also named in situ click chemistry). Although linkages thus formed are mostly passive, some of them have shown to significantly contribute to the protein binding through for instance hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions. Biocompatible reactions and click chemistry are a formidable source of inspiration for developing such new protein‐directed ligations. This study reports a proximity‐induced thiol‐yne synthesis of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Not only this example widens the arsenal of kinetic target‐guided synthesis (KTGS) eligible reactions, but the obtained product displayed unsuspected photophysical properties. The corresponding vinyl sulfide linkage conjugated to a coumarin core proved to be engaged in a monodirectional Z to E photoisomerization process. Further investigations guided by theoretical calculations showed that fine‐tuning of the nature of the substituents on the coumarin moiety allows to obtain a bidirectional photochemical process, thus discovering a new photoswitching moiety, displaying moreover fluorescence properties. Due to the spectral tunability of coumarin derivatives, this work should open new opportunities for the design of vinyl sulfide‐based photoswitch systems with modular photophysical properties.
Integrated analysis using ToppMiR uncovers altered miRNA– mRNA regulatory networks in pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma—A pilot study
Authors: Whyte Senyo S. , Karns Rebekah , Min Kyung‐Won , Cho Jung‐Hyun , Lee Sanghoon , Lake Charissa , Bondoc Alexander , Yoon Je‐Hyun , Shin Soona
Published: July 2022

Background

Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a group of liver cancers whose mechanisms behind their pathogenesis and progression are poorly understood.

Aim

We aimed to identify alterations in the expression of miRNAs and their putative target mRNAs in not only tumor tissues of patients with pediatric HCC but also in corresponding non‐tumorous background livers by using liver tissues without underlying liver disease as a control.

Methods and results

We performed a small‐scale miRNA and mRNA profiling of pediatric HCC (consisting of fibrolamellar carcinoma [FLC] and non‐FLC HCC) and paired liver tissues to identify miRNAs whose expression levels differed significantly from control livers without underlying liver disease. ToppMiR was used to prioritize both miRNAs and their putative target mRNAs in a gene‐annotation network, and the mRNA profile was used to refine the prioritization. Our analysis generated prioritized lists of miRNAs and mRNAs from the following three sets of analyses: (a) pediatric HCC versus control; (b) FLC versus control; and (c) corresponding non‐tumorous background liver tissues from the same patients with pediatric HCC versus control. No liver disease liver tissues were used as the control group for all analyses. Many miRNAs whose expressions were deregulated in pediatric HCC were consistent with their roles in adult HCC and/or other non‐hepatic cancers. Our gene ontology analysis of target mRNAs revealed enrichment of biological processes related to the sustenance and propagation of cancer and significant downregulation of metabolic processes.

Conclusion

Our pilot study indicates that alterations in miRNA–mRNA networks were detected in not only tumor tissues but also corresponding non‐tumorous liver tissues from patients with pediatric HCC, suggesting multi‐faceted roles of miRNAs in disease progression. Our results may lead to novel hypotheses for future large‐scale studies.
An efficient stable node selection based on Garson's pruned recurrent neural network and MSO model for multipath routing in MANET
Authors: Hemalatha R. , Umamaheswari R. , Jothi S.
Published: July 2022

In mobile ad hoc network, the routing task is considered to be more complicated issue. In order to find efficient route in MANET, the positions of each stable node in the network is identified initially. The main contribution of this paper is to identify the locations of neighboring nodes in MANET for the establishment of multi path routing in diverse mobility patterns. It also handles packet scheduling to balance the load as well as data forwarding with less communication time. The proposed work explains four phases such as stable node prediction, stability determination, route exploration, and packet dissemination. At first, the stable nodes are identified using recurrent neural network along with modified seagull optimization approach. By means of Garson's pruning based recurrent neural network accompanied with modified sea gull optimization (RMSG) algorithm, the stable neighbors are chosen. The network routing is formed by interconnecting the stable nodes from the source to the destination. When a routing link failure happens, the route recovery process will be initiated. Thus, the data packets are broadcasted in multi‐paths without any intervention. The measures namely packet delivery ratio, throughput, end‐to‐end delay, routing overhead, optimal path selection, and energy consumption are utilized to evaluate the performance of proposed approach. The experimental analysis proved that the proposed approach well performed than other compared existing approaches.
Guest‐Host Raman under Liquid Nitrogen Spectroscopy for the Acquisition of Improved Vibrational Spectra of Solids
Authors: Lambert Ethan C. , Smith Cameron L. , Compton Robert N. , Hammer Nathan I.
Published: July 2022

Guest‐host Raman under liquid nitrogen spectroscopy (GHRUNS) is introduced whereby solid‐state guest molecules are isolated inside cage‐like host environments for the facile acquisition of their Raman spectra. This convenient method features reduced fluorescence, the analysis of populations in their ground states, and increased signal to noise ratios. Samples are also preserved through the reduction of thermal degradation and oxidation. To demonstrate the benefits of this new method, Raman spectra of the ubiquitous molecule C60 inside a cage of water ice are presented. Using this technique, a new normal mode of C60 is elucidated. The GHRUNS methodology is of interest to those seeking to acquire and characterize the vibrational spectra, structure, and properties of emissive, air‐sensitive molecules.
A novel fuzzy‐extended Kalman filter‐ampere‐hour (F‐EKF‐Ah) algorithm based on improved second‐order PNGV model to estimate state of charge of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Liu Donglei , Wang Shunli , Fan Yongcun , Xia Lili , Qiu Jingsong
Published: July 2022

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to accurately estimate the state of charge (SOC) of lithium‐ion batteries in the strongly nonlinear interval, a novel algorithm based on a fuzzy control strategy is proposed. It integrates extended Kalman filter (EKF) and ampere‐hour (Ah) integration accurately estimate the SOC of lithium‐ion batteries. First, the algorithm uses the advantage that the EKF algorithm has high estimation accuracy in the nonlinear interval and can solve the problem of the large error caused by the inaccurate initial value of the Ah integral algorithm. Then the fuzzy‐EKF‐Ah (F‐EKF‐Ah) is used to fuse the two algorithms of EKF and Ah integral. The fused algorithm can effectively solve the problems of the cumulative error caused by the sampling accuracy of the Ah integral algorithm and the large estimation error of the EKF algorithm in the strong nonlinear interval. Finally, the equivalent circuit model is used for analysis. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can achieve high estimation accuracy under three experimental conditions.
Kukoamine A inhibits C‐C motif chemokine receptor 5 to attenuate lipopolysaccharide‐induced lung injury
Authors: Liu Xiuxiu , Wang Mingjing , Song Yao , Zhang Chaoqun , Jiang Yonghong , Li Wen , Xu Binbin , Jiang Zhiyan
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effects of Kukoamine A (KuA) treatment on endotoxin‐induced lung injury/inflammation. The study was performed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐exposed mouse models of lung injury and LPS‐induced alveolar epithelial cell model. Relevant kits were used to detect levels of inflammation‐related indicators, oxidative stress indicators, and mitochondrial function. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was to detect lung injury. Then, C‐C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) overexpression plasmid was transfected into alveolar epithelial cells to investigate the mechanism of KuA in lung injury. The results showed that LPS induction increased the expression of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, and mitochondrial dysfunction in both animal and cellular models. In the mouse model, KuA treatment improved lung tissue injury, decreased wet‐to‐dry ratio and MPO levels, reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, and ameliorated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The protective effect of KuA in the cell model remained whereas was markedly reversed after CCR5 overexpression. Taken together, KuA might improve LPS‐induced lung injury by inhibiting CCR5. This might also provide a novel theory for KuA in the treatment of lung injury.
Seven Europium(III) Complexes in Solution – The Importance of Reporting Data When Investigating Luminescence Spectra and Electronic Structure
Authors: Thomsen Maria S. , Nawrocki Patrick R. , Kofod Nicolaj , Sørensen Thomas J.
Published: July 2022

Despite significant effort, the complexity of europium(III) luminescence in general – and sample composition in particular – has precluded the publication of standard spectra of specific complexes in aqueous solution. Further, low spectral resolution, weighted averages with contributions from several species, as well as poor reproduction hampers the use of literature data, with the note that high quality data from e. g. Bünzli, Latva, Carnall, Parker, Heller, Balzani and Sabatini is from the pre‐electronic era. Here, luminescence spectra of Eu.DOTA, Eu.EDTA, Eu.DPA1, Eu.DPA2. Eu.DPA3, Eu.DTPA and the Eu(III) aqua ion was determined in samples with known pH and conductivity. The ligand concentrations were varied in a buffered medium (MES) with a significant salt background. In this manner, full complexation could be ensured, while pH and ionic strength were monitored. The spectra corresponding to the complexes were extracted, and the electronic structure of the ground state 7FJ manifold was investigated and contrasted to literature data. All spectroscopic data is made available and we suggest this becomes part of the standard procedure when investigating lanthanide(III) complexes.
A Single‐Ion Magnet Tape with Five‐Coordinate Cobalt(II) Centers
Authors: Shao Dong , Moorthy Shruti , Peng Peng , Tang Wan‐Jie , Shi Le , Wang Zi‐Jie , Wei Xiao‐Qin , Kumar Singh Saurabh
Published: July 2022

A one‐dimensional (1D) coordination polymer [Co(btca)1/2(mbpy)]n (1, mbpy=4,4′‐Dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl, H4btca=1,2,4,5‐Benzenetetracarboxylic acid) constructed by a mixed tetracarboxylic‐dipyridyl ligand strategy with a ribbon topology was synthesized and magnetically characterized. Magnetic studies combined with theoretical calculations reveal large easy‐axis magnetic anisotropy of the central Co(II) ions in a highly distorted five‐coordination geometry. Interestingly, field‐induced single‐ion magnet (SIM) behavior was evidenced in the chain compound, making the cobalt(II) coordination ribbon to be the first five‐coordinate SIM chain.
An Electrochemical Sensor Fabricated by Sonochemical Approach for Determination of the Antipsychotic Drug Haloperidol
Authors: Incebay Hilal , Ucar Ayse
Published: July 2022

A nanocomposite (Ho2O3NPs/BNT) was synthesized by decorating holmium(III)oxide nanoparticles (H2O3NPs) on bentonite (BNT) through a realizable sonochemical approach for the electrochemical detection of haloperidol (Hlp). A glassy carbon electrode was modified with this nanocomposite. The Ho2O3NPs/BNT modified electrode outperformed bare and other modified electrodes in terms of electrochemical performance for Hlp detection in a pH 8.0 phosphate buffer. The proposed electrochemical platform showed a wide linear range (0.01 μM–24 μM), low detection limit (2.4 nM), and high sensitivity by square wave voltammetry. In addition, the proposed electrochemical sensor met the clinical criteria in terms of stability, selectivity, and repeatability.
Elaborated EECM parameter identification reflecting adaptive weight for achieving a high‐accuracy SOC estimator
Authors: Kim Gunwoo , Park Jinhyung , Sin Seunghwa , Kim Jonghoon , Baek Jongbok
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a combined method is proposed to improve the accuracy of an electrical equivalent circuit model (EECM) and state‐of‐charge (SOC) estimation in situations where a lithium‐ion battery is frequently charged and discharged. To calculate the terminal voltage in the dynamic region, where charging and discharging are frequently repeated at 0.1 s intervals, a specific region is determined and historical weight is selected, based on the amount of charge in that region, to reflect the model parameters. The historical weights are applied to the charging and discharging parameters to improve the estimated performance of the EECM in estimating the terminal voltage of the battery. Also, the improved EECM is applied to the extended Kalman filter to improve the performance of SOC estimation. A 21,700 cylindrical lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide‐type battery was used for verification, and the parameters required for modeling were extracted through experiments that were conducted to determine electrical characteristics. This paper compared two models not considering the history of charging or discharging characteristics with a model considering history to verify the accuracy of voltage and SOC estimation results. The result shows that the voltage and SOC estimation errors of the proposed combined method are the lowest in the three cases.
Thermoelectric properties of Sr‐doped LSCO for energy harvesting applications below room temperature
Authors: Saif Mohd , Tripathi Dinesh
Published: July 2022

Thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline La2CuO4 with (x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) have been examined. For this, the samples have been synthesised via solid‐state reaction (SSR) technique. For microstructural analysis of investigated pellets, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have been performed. The electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of the investigated samples have been measured with the help of an in‐house fabricated setup, capable to measure the resistivity and thermopower between 100 and 400 K with ±3% experimental uncertainty. The electrical resistivity reveals a semiconducting nature for pristine pellets. However, a transition to metallic nature of electrical resistivity is observed for Sr doping concentration ≥ 0.02. The Seebeck coefficient (S) of investigated pellets is found to be positive, which indicates holes type conduction. Apart from that, a gradual decrease in the Seebeck coefficient has also been noticed as Sr dose increases. Again, the sample with Sr concentration x = 0.02 is found to be the best with a maximum power factor value (6.947 μW/cm K2) at 165 K, which is a positive sign for future applicability of LSCO‐based oxide materials for energy harvesting applications below room temperature.
Study on the impact of temperature, salts, sugars and pH on dilute solution properties of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum
Authors: Yousefi Alireza , Elmarhoum Said , Khodabakhshaghdam Shahla , Ako Komla , Hosseinzadeh Ghader
Published: July 2022

The functional properties of food gums are remarkably affected by the quality of solvent/cosolutes and temperature in a food system. In this work, for the first time, the chemical characterizations and dilute solution properties of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum (LPSG), as an emerging carbohydrate polymer, were investigated. It was found that xylose (14.27%), galacturonic acid (10.70%), arabinose (9.07%) and galactose (8.80%) were the main monosaccharaide components in the LPSG samples. The uronic acid content of LPSG samples was obtained to be 14.83%. The average molecular weight and polydispersity index of LPSG were to be 2.34 × 105 g/mol and 3.3, respectively. As the temperature was increased and the pH was decreased and the concentration of cosolutes (Na+, Ca2+, sucrose and lactose) presented in the LPSG solutions was enhanced, the intrinsic viscosity [η] and coil dimension (Rcoil, Vcoil, υs) of LPSG molecular chains decreased. Activation energy and chain flexibility of LPSG were estimated to be 0.46 × 107 J/kg.mol and 553.08 K, respectively. The relative stiffness parameter (B) of LPSG in the presence of Ca2+ (0.079) was more than that of Na+ (0.032). Incorporation of LPSG into deionized water (0.2%, w/v) diminished the surface activity from 76.75 mN/m to 75.70 mN/m. Zeta potential (ζ) values (−46.85 mV–−19.63 mV) demonstrated that dilute solutions of LPSG had strong anionic nature in the pH range of 3–11. The molecular conformation of LPSG was random coil in all the selected solution conditions. It can be concluded that temperature and presence of cosolutes can significantly influence on the LPSG properties in the dilute systems.
Physiological symmetry of transcranial magnetic stimulation‐evoked EEG spectral features
Authors: D'Ambrosio Sasha , Jiménez‐Jiménez Diego , Silvennoinen Katri , Zagaglia Sara , Perulli Marco , Poole Josephine , Comolatti Renzo , Fecchio Matteo , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Balestrini Simona
Published: July 2022

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)‐evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) have been used to study the excitability of different cortical areas (CAs) in humans. Characterising the interhemispheric symmetry of TMS‐EEG may provide further understanding of structure–function association in physiological and pathological conditions. We hypothesise that, in keeping with the underlying cytoarchitectonics, TEPs in contralateral homologous CAs share similar, symmetric spectral features, whilst ipsilateral TEPs from different CAs diverge in their waveshape and frequency content. We performed single‐pulse (<1 Hz) navigated monophasic TMS, combined with high‐density EEG with active electrodes, in 10 healthy participants. We targeted two bilateral CAs: premotor and motor. We compared frequency power bands, computed Pearson correlation coefficient (R) and Correlated Component Analysis (CorrCA) to detect divergences, as well as common components across TEPs. The main frequency of TEPs was faster in premotor than in motor CAs (p < .05) across all participants. Frequencies were not different between contralateral homologous CAs, whilst, despite closer proximity, there was a significant difference between ipsilateral premotor and motor CAs (p > .5), with frequency decreasing from anterior to posterior CAs. Correlation was high between contralateral homologous CAs and low between ipsilateral CAs. When applying CorrCA, specific components were shared by contralateral homologous TEPs. We show physiological symmetry of TEP spectral features between contralateral homologous CAs, whilst ipsilateral premotor and motor TEPs differ despite lower geometrical distance. Our findings support the role of TEPs as biomarker of local cortical properties and provide a first reference dataset for TMS‐EEG studies in asymmetric brain disorders.
Hepatocyte β‐catenin loss is compensated by Insulin‐mTORC1 activation to promote liver regeneration
Authors: Hu Shikai , Cao Catherine , Poddar Minakshi , Delgado Evan , Singh Sucha , Singh‐Varma Anya , Stolz Donna Beer , Bell Aaron , Monga Satdarshan P.
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:

Liver regeneration (LR) following partial hepatectomy (PH) occurs via activation of various signaling pathways. Disruption of a single pathway can be compensated by activation of another pathway to continue LR. The Wnt–β‐catenin pathway is activated early during LR and conditional hepatocyte loss of β‐catenin delays LR. Here, we study mechanism of LR in the absence of hepatocyte‐β‐catenin.

Approach and Results:

Eight‐week‐old hepatocyte‐specific Ctnnb1 knockout mice (β‐cateninΔHC) were subjected to PH. These animals exhibited decreased hepatocyte proliferation at 40–120 h and decreased cumulative 14‐day BrdU labeling of <40%, but all mice survived, suggesting compensation. Insulin‐mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) activation was uniquely identified in the β‐cateninΔHC mice at 72–96 h after PH. Deletion of hepatocyte regulatory‐associated protein of mTOR (Raptor), a critical mTORC1 partner, in the β‐cateninΔHC mice led to progressive hepatic injury and mortality by 30 dys. PH on early stage nonmorbid RaptorΔHC‐β‐cateninΔHC mice led to lethality by 12 h. RaptorΔHC mice showed progressive hepatic injury and spontaneous LR with β‐catenin activation but died by 40 days. PH on early stage nonmorbid RaptorΔHC mice was lethal by 48 h. Temporal inhibition of insulin receptor and mTORC1 in β‐cateninΔHC or controls after PH was achieved by administration of linsitinib at 48 h or rapamycin at 60 h post‐PH and completely prevented LR leading to lethality by 12–14 days.

Conclusions:

Insulin‐mTORC1 activation compensates for β‐catenin loss to enable LR after PH. mTORC1 signaling in hepatocytes itself is critical to both homeostasis and LR and is only partially compensated by β‐catenin activation. Dual inhibition of β‐catenin and mTOR may have notable untoward hepatotoxic side effects.
Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children: Behind the statistics
Authors: Elsheikh Randa , Tien Hoang Thuy , Makram Abdelrahman M. , Van Nguyen Thanh , Le Trang Thi Bich , Vasanthakumaran Tamilarasy , Huy Nguyen Tien
Published: July 2022

Since April 2022, the world has been witnessing a rapidly spreading outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children < 16 years old that has affected several countries around the world. Most of the cases have presented with the clinical picture of severe hepatitis that has led to resorting to liver transplantation in several cases. Despite the numerous theories that have been suggested on the possible underlying etiologies of the outbreak, an association with hepatitis A–E viruses and a link to COVID‐19 vaccines have been excluded. Adenovirus serotype 41 has been detected in numerous cases, which makes it the most likely underlying cause of the disease. Nevertheless, other hypotheses are being investigated to justify the severity of the clinical picture, which is not typical of this type of virus. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the outbreak, highlight the suggested working hypotheses, and report the public health measures undertaken to tackle the outbreak.
Familial Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type IB Associated with an SVA Retrotransposon Insertion in the GNAS Locus
Authors: Kawashima Sayaka , Yuno Akiko , Sano Shinichiro , Nakamura Akie , Ishiwata Keisuke , Kawasaki Tomoyuki , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Akutsu Hidenori , Saitsu Hirotomo , Fukami Maki , Usui Takeshi , Ogata Tsutomu , Kagami Masayo
Published: July 2022

Loss of methylation (LOM) at GNAS-A/B:TSS-differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the GNAS locus is observed in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B). Many PHP1B cases are sporadic, but autosomal dominant-PHP1B has a deletion involving NESP55 expressed from the maternal allele or STX16 located upstream of the GNAS locus on the maternal allele. We report the possible first familial PHP1B cases with retrotransposon insertion in the GNAS locus on the maternal allele. To our knowledge, they are the possible first cases with imprinting disorders caused by retrotransposon insertion. The two sibling cases experienced tetany and/or cramps from school age and had hypocalcemia and an increased serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) level together with overweight, round face, and normal intellectual levels. Methylation analysis for DMRs in the GNAS locus showed only LOM of the GNAS-A/B:TSS-DMR. Copy number abnormalities at STX16 and the GNAS locus were not detected by array comparative genomic hybridization. Whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing revealed an approximately 1000-bp SVA retrotransposon insertion upstream of the first exon of A/B on the GNAS locus in these siblings. Whole-genome methylome analysis by Enzymatic Methyl-Seq in the siblings showed normal methylation status in the region surrounding the insertion site and mild LOM of the GNAS-A/B:TSS-DMR. We conducted transcriptome analysis using mRNA from skin fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from the siblings and detected no aberrant NESP55 transcripts. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis in skin fibroblasts showed increased A/B expression in the patients and no NESP55 expression, even in a control. qRT-PCR analysis in iPSCs showed decreased NESP55 expression with normal methylation status of the GNAS-NESP:TSS-DMR in the patients. The retrotransposon insertion in the siblings likely caused decreased NESP55 expression that could lead to increased A/B expression via LOM of the GNAS-A/B:TSS-DMR, subsequent reduced Gsα expression, and finally, PHP1B development. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The pyrethroid insecticide permethrin confers hepatotoxicity through DNA damage and mitochondria‐associated apoptosis induction in rat: Palliative benefits of Fumaria officinalis
Authors: Aoiadni Nissaf , Chiab Nour , Jdidi Hajer , Gargouri Bouzid Radhia , El Feki Abdelfattah , Fetoui Hamadi , Ghorbel Koubaa Fatma 
Published: July 2022

Permethrin (PER) is a pyrethroid pesticide that is extensively used as an insecticide in world because of its high activity and its low mammalian toxicity. The current study was conducted to investigate the protective action of Fumaria officinalis against PER‐induced liver injury in male rats. However, HPLC‐DAD showed the richness of 6 components in F. officinalis (F) including quercetin, ferulic acid, and naringenin which were the most abundant. Total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins were studied by phytochemical screening. In vitro, antioxidant properties showed that F. officinalis exhibited the highest DPPH radical, FRAP, and H2O2 tests and total antioxidant capacity. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: negative control group (C), positive control group (F) (200 mg F. officinalis/kg BW), PER group (34.05 mg permethrin/kg BW), and PER + F group (34.05 mg permethrin/kg BW and 200 mg F. officinalis/kg BW). Oral administration of PER led to promote a decrease of body weight and Ca2+‐ATPases and Mg2+‐ATPases activities and an increase of plasma C‐reactive protein level, transaminases, and hepatic ϒ‐GT activities as well as hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative stress. An increase in plasma lactate‐to pyruvate ratio and a reduction in complexes enzymes I, III, and IV activities were also observed. In addition, histoarchitecture of liver in PER‐treated rats showed apoptosis and necrosis as confirmed by DNA fragmentation. F. officinalis significantly exerted hepatoprotective effect by modulating hepatic alteration and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as genotoxicity. This effect could be attributed to phenolics compounds such as polyphenols, condensed tannins, and flavonoids.
Automated input structure generation for single‐ended reaction path optimizations
Authors: Geiger Julian , Settels Volker , Deglmann Peter , Schäfer Ansgar , Bergeler Maike
Published: July 2022

The exploration of a reaction network requires highly automated workflows to avoid error‐prone and time‐consuming manual steps. In this respect, a major bottleneck is the search for transition‐state (TS) structures, which frequently fails and, therefore, makes (manual) revision necessary. In this work, we present a technique for obtaining suitable input structures for automated TS searches based on single‐ended reaction path optimization algorithms, which makes subsequent TS searches via this method significantly more robust. First, possible input structures are generated based on the spatial alignment of the reactants. The appropriate orientation of reacting groups is achieved via stepwise rotations along selected torsional degrees of freedom. Second, a ranking of the obtained structures is performed according to selected geometric criteria. The main goals are to properly align the reactive atoms, to avoid hindrance within the reaction channel and to resolve steric clashes between the reactants. The developed procedure has been carefully tested on a variety of examples and provides suitable input structures for TS searches within seconds. The method is in daily use in an industrial setting.
Targeting MYO1B impairs tumorigenesis via inhibiting the SNAI2/cyclin D1 signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Shau‐Hsuan , Qian Limei , Chen Yen‐Hao , Lu Hung‐I , Tsai Hsin‐Ting , Lyu Haiwen , Yang Runxiang , Chen Chang‐Han
Published: July 2022

Myosin‐related proteins play an important role in cancer progression. However, the clinical significance, biological functions, and mechanisms of myosin 1B (MYO1B), in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. The clinical relevance of MYO1B, SNAI2, and cyclin D1 in ESCC was determined by immunohistochemistry, Oncomine, and GEPIA databases. The oncogenic roles of MYO1B were determined by CCK8, colony formation assays, wound healing, and Transwell assay. MYO1B, SNAI2, and cyclin D1 at mRNA and protein levels in ESCC cells were detected by qPCR and Western blot analysis. In our study, we found that MYO1B expression was increased in ESCC tissue samples and correlated with tumor stage, TNM stage, and poor outcomes. Functional assays indicated that depletion of MYO1B impaired oncogenesis, and enhanced chemosensitivity in ESCC. Bioinformatic analysis and mechanistic studies illustrated that SNAI2 was a key downstream effector of MYO1B. Suppression of MYO1B downregulated expression of SNAI2, thereby inhibiting the SNAI2/cyclin D1 pathway. Furthermore, a selective inhibitor of cyclin D1 activation reversed siMYO1B cells overexpressing SNAI2‐elicited aggressive phenotypes of ESCC cells. MYO1B positively correlated with SNAI2 and cyclin D1 in ESCC samples, and higher SNAI2 expression was also associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Our finding demonstrated that MYO1B activates the SNAI2/cyclin D1 pathway to drive tumorigenesis and cisplatin cytotoxicity in ESCC, indicating that MYO1B is a potential therapeutic target for patients with ESCC.
Evidence of an Annexin A4 mediated plasma membrane repair response to biomechanical strain associated with glaucoma pathogenesis
Authors: Vicic Nevena , Guo Xiaoxin , Chan Darren , Flanagan John G , Sigal Ian A. , Sivak Jeremy M.
Published: July 2022

Glaucoma is a common neurodegenerative blinding disease that is closely associated with chronic biomechanical strain at the optic nerve head (ONH). Yet, the cellular injury and mechanosensing mechanisms underlying the resulting damage have remained critically unclear. We previously identified Annexin A4 (ANXA4) from a proteomic analyses of human ONH astrocytes undergoing pathological biomechanical strain that mimics glaucomatous conditions. Annexins are a family of calcium‐dependent phospholipid binding proteins with key functions in plasma membrane repair (PMR); an active mechanism to limit and mend cellular injury that involves membrane and cytoskeletal reorganizations. However, a role for direct membrane damage and PMR has not been well studied in the context of biomechanical strain, such as that associated with glaucoma. Here we report that this moderate strain surprisingly damages cell membranes to increase permeability in a calcium‐dependent manner, and induces rapid aggregation of ANXA4 at injury sites. ANXA4 loss‐of‐function increases permeability, while exogenous ANXA4 reduces it. Furthermore, ANXA4 aggregation is associated with F‐actin dynamics in vitro, and remarkably this interaction and aggregation signature is also observed in the glaucomatous ONH in patient samples. Together these studies link moderate biomechanical strain with direct membrane damage and actin dynamics, and identify an active PMR role for ANXA4 in new model of cell injury associated with glaucoma pathogenesis.
Molecular networks underlying cannabinoid signaling in skeletal muscle plasticity
Authors: Dalle Sebastiaan , Schouten Moniek , Meeus Gitte , Slagmolen Lotte , Koppo Katrien
Published: July 2022

The cannabinoid system is ubiquitously present and is classically considered to engage in neural and immunity processes. Yet, the role of the cannabinoid system in the whole body and tissue metabolism via central and peripheral mechanisms is increasingly recognized. The present review provides insights in (i) how cannabinoid signaling is regulated via receptor‐independent and ‐dependent mechanisms and (ii) how these signaling cascades (might) affect skeletal muscle plasticity and physiology. Receptor‐independent mechanisms include endocannabinoid metabolism to eicosanoids and the regulation of ion channels. Alternatively, endocannabinoids can act as ligands for different classic (cannabinoid receptor 1 [CB1], CB2) and/or alternative (e.g., TRPV1, GPR55) cannabinoid receptors with a unique affinity, specificity, and intracellular signaling cascade (often tissue‐specific). Antagonism of CB1 might hold clues to improve oxidative (mitochondrial) metabolism, insulin sensitivity, satellite cell growth, and muscle anabolism, whereas CB2 agonism might be a promising way to stimulate muscle metabolism and muscle cell growth. Besides, CB2 ameliorates muscle regeneration via macrophage polarization toward an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, induction of MyoD and myogenin expression and antifibrotic mechanisms. Also TRPV1 and GPR55 contribute to the regulation of muscle growth and metabolism. Future studies should reveal how the cannabinoid system can be targeted to improve muscle quantity and/or quality in conditions such as ageing, disease, disuse, and metabolic dysregulation, taking into account challenges that are inherent to modulation of the cannabinoid system, such as central and peripheral side effects.