bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Variation in Pregnancy Outcomes amongst Women in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Tandon Parul , Diong Christina , Chong Rachel Y. , Nguyen Geoffrey C.
Published: November 2021

Background. Women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk of certain pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery, infants small for gestational age (SGA), and Cesarean delivery. Whether regional variation in these outcomes exists remains unknown. We aimed to assess the geographical variation in these pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD. Methods. All pregnancies in women with and without IBD (2002-2013) were identified using Ontario health administrative datasets. Geographical variation in preterm delivery, infants SGA, and Cesarean delivery was assessed using age-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing women with and without IBD, stratified by Ontario’s 14 health-service regions, known as Local Health Integration Networks (LHINs). Results. 1621 women with IBD (2466 pregnancies) and 855,425 women without IBD (1,280,493 pregnancies) were included. Women with IBD were more likely to have preterm delivery (aOR 1.56, 95% CI, 1.35–1.79), infants SGA (aOR 1.52, 95% CI, 1.23–1.88), and Cesarean section (aOR 1.34, 95% CI, 1.22–1.49). Significant geographical variation in these outcomes was detected, with the highest rates observed in the most northern rural areas (aOR for preterm delivery 2.78 (95% CI, 1.03–7.46), aOR for SGA 5.66 (95% CI, 1.67–19.14), and aOR for Cesarean delivery 2.48 (95% CI, 1.11–5.55)). There were no differences in these outcomes in women with and without IBD in more central urban LHINs. Conclusion. Significant regional variation was detected in rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes and Cesarean delivery in women with IBD. Further study is required to determine specific reasons for this variation.
Pain Perception Associated with Mini‐Implants and Interventions for Pain Management: A Cross‐Sectional Questionnaire‐Based Survey
Authors: Sreenivasagan Swapna , Subramanian Aravind Kumar , Selvaraj Abirami , Marya Anand
Published: November 2021

Background. Orthodontists use mini‐implants temporarily as an effective mode of skeletal anchorage devices. The placement of mini‐implants can cause pain and discomfort to the patients. Patients often develop swelling, and the pain could interfere with their daily activities. Practitioners tend to prescribe antibiotics and pain medication for management. Objectives. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the pain perception and discomfort due to mini‐implant placement experienced by the patient and evaluate the interventions for pain management commonly practiced among orthodontists. Materials and Methods. The study was designed as a questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study. A total of 271 patients were assessed, for whom 625 mini‐implants (ranging from 1.2 to 2 mm diameter and length 8‐14 mm) were placed. Pain scores were assessed using the VAS and the “Faces” pain rating scale to collect data about discomfort in daily activity and function. Data was collected from 244 patients. A total of 155 orthodontists were questioned regarding the prescription of medications and the interventions for managing pain and adverse effects. Results. Average pain score among female subjects was 16.71 and among men was 13.5. The highest pain scores were recorded for palatal mini‐implants with an average score of 36.29 and the least for interradicular mini‐implants with an average score of 9.02. Among the subjects, 47.9% of them took analgesics, and the most commonly prescribed analgesics were paracetamol (39%). Swelling at the site is where the mini‐implants were placed, and ulceration due to implants were commonly dealt with the excision of the surrounding soft tissue, composite placement, and palliative care with oral analgesic gels. Conclusion. Female subjects had more mini‐implants placed, and female subjects had also given more pain scores than their male counterparts. Palatal mini‐implants caused the highest pain, followed by mini‐implants placed at the infrazygomatic crest and the buccal shelf region. Palatal mini‐implants caused maximum discomfort during speech and eating, followed by the mini‐implant in the buccal shelf and the infrazygomatic crest region that also caused difficulty in yawning and laughing. Infiltration anesthesia was commonly given for the placement of interradicular implants and extra‐alveolar mini‐implants. Paracetamol was the most prescribed by the orthodontists, and more than half the doctors did not regularly prescribe antibiotics.
[Retracted] Human‐Computer Interaction Using Manual Hand Gestures in Real Time
Authors: Alsaffar Mohammad , Alshammari Abdullah , Alshammari Gharbi , Almurayziq Tariq S , Aljaloud Saud , Alshammari Dhahi , Belay Assaye
Published: November 2021

This paper describes the construction of an electronic system that can recognise twelve manual motions made by an interlocutor with one of their hands in a situation with regulated lighting and background in real time. Hand rotations, translations, and scale changes in the camera plane are all supported by the implemented system. The system requires an Analog Devices ADSP BF‐533 Ez‐Kit Lite evaluation card. As a last stage in the development process, displaying a letter associated with a recognized gesture is advised. However, a visual representation of the suggested algorithm may be found in the visual toolbox of a personal computer. Individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing will communicate with the general population thanks to new technology that connects them to computers. This technology is being used to create new applications.
Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of the Underlying Mechanism of Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. for Antiasthma: A Characteristic Medicinal Material in Xinjiang
Authors: Liu Rongchang , Mao Yan , Gu Zhengyi , He Jinhua
Published: November 2021

Background. Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. (Shen Xiang Cao (SXC)), a traditional medicine herb in Xinjiang, has a long history of being used by minorities to treat asthma. However, its active antiasthmatic compounds and underlying mechanism of action are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioactive compounds and explore the molecular mechanism of SCX in the treatment of asthma using network pharmacology. Methods. The compounds of SCX were collected by a literature search, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and SwissTargetPrediction were used to predict targets and screen active compounds. Moreover, asthma-related targets were obtained based on DisGeNET, Herb, and GeneCards databases, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built by the STRING database. Furthermore, the topological analysis of the PPI and SXC-compound-target networks were analyzed and established by Cytoscape software. Finally, the RStudio software package was used for carrying out Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. AutoDock tools and AutoDock Vina were used to molecularly dock the active compounds and key targets. Results. A total of 8 active compounds and 258 potential targets related to SXC were predicted, and PPI network screened out key targets, including IL-6, JUN, TNF, IL10, and CXCL8. GO enrichment analysis involved cell responses to reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, chemical stress, etc. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis showed that SXC effectively treated asthma through regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways, interleukin 17 (IL-17) signaling pathways, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways. Conclusion. The preliminary study that was based on multiple compounds, multiple targets, and multiple pathways provides a scientific basis for further elucidating the molecules involved and the underlying antiasthma-related mechanisms of SXC.
A Novel Curcumin-Based Drug Powder Inhalation Medicine for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Shen Qin , Jiang Yongjie , Chen Jing , Wang Xueling , Zheng Jiao
Published: November 2021

The dry powder inhaler is a new form of drug delivery that is widely used as an alternative to traditional drug delivery methods, addressing the shortcomings of traditional drug delivery methods and obtaining better therapeutic results. This mode of delivery is also one of the most rational ways to treat pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of COPD. In this study, different concentrations of curcumin ethanol solution were spray dried with mannitol as a carrier to obtain dry powder particles with different particle size distribution for the preparation of curcumin dry powder inhaler. The solubility and physicochemical properties were further characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization results showed that the product obtained in the experiment had reasonable particle size distribution and excellent solubility properties, which were positive for the treatment of COPD or other pulmonary diseases.
Nonintrusive Industrial Load Identification Combined with Random Forests and Steady-State Waveform
Authors: Yi Shuhui , Zhu Hongxia , Liu Junjie , Li Junnan
Published: November 2021

Nonintrusive industrial load identification can accurately acquire the operation data of each load in the plant, which is the benefit of intelligent power management. The identification method of the industrial load is complicated and difficult to be realized due to the difficulty in collecting transient data for modeling, and high-precision measuring equipment is required. Aiming at this situation, the article proposes a nonintrusive industrial load identification method using a random forest algorithm and steady-state waveform. Firstly, by monitoring the change of the industrial load power state, when the load changes and becomes stable, the steady-state waveform is extracted. Due to different electrical characteristics of industrial loads, the current waveform of loads is different to some extent. We can construct characteristic data for each industrial load to construct its own current steady-state waveform. Then, using the high-dimensional data of the steady-state waveform as the sample data, the bootstrap sampling method and the CART algorithm in the random forest algorithm are used to generate multiple decision trees. Finally, the industrial load types are identified by voting multiple decision trees. The actual operating load data of a factory are used as the sample data in the simulation, and the effectiveness and rapidity of the proposed identification algorithm are verified by the combined load method simulation comparison. The simulation results show that the accuracy of the proposed identification algorithm is more than 99%, the identification time is 3.36 s, which is much higher than that of other methods, and the operation time is less than that of other methods. Therefore, the proposed identification algorithm can effectively realize the nonintrusive industrial load identification.
Prediction of Short‐Term Stock Price Trend Based on Multiview RBF Neural Network
Authors: Lv Bailin , Jiang Yizhang
Published: November 2021

Stock price prediction is important in both financial and commercial domains, and using neural networks to forecast stock prices has been a topic of ongoing research and development. Traditional prediction models are often based on a single type of data and do not account for the interplay of many variables. This study covers a radial basis neural network modeling technique with multiview collaborative learning capabilities for incorporating the impacts of numerous elements into the prediction model. This research offers a multiview RBF neural network prediction model based on the classic RBF network by integrating a collaborative learning item with multiview learning capabilities (MV‐RBF). MV‐RBF can make full use of both the internal information provided by the correlation between each view and the distinct characteristics of each view to form independent sample information. By using two separate stock qualities as input feature information for trials, this study proves the viability of the multiview RBF neural network prediction model on a real data set.
Health Informatics on Adolescents Smoking Based on the Miryoku Engineering Analysis Framework
Authors: Han Jia-Xuan , Wang Kun
Published: November 2021

Smoking among young people has aroused widespread concern in society. The number of young people who smoke has increased year by year, which has largely affected their health. Therefore, how to improve the prevention and control rate of tobacco harm, thereby reducing the smoking rate of young people has become an important issue. Based on the glamour engineering research method that can specifically solve the problem of attractiveness between users and products, the user preference of young people’s smoking behavior is studied through the evaluation structure method and quantitative type I analysis, and the potential attractive factors are analyzed. Among them, there are 7 important attractive characteristics that affect the first attempt to smoke. These seven factors are divided into two aspects, namely, personal preference factors and environmental factors. The statistical data obtained through data analysis will be tested in the KMO field. The KMO values are 0.827 and 0.687, respectively, and the statistical results have obvious scores, so this study is effective. By quantifying one category, the partial correlation coefficients of different categories can be found, that is, specific solutions. This method provides a reference for ways and means to curb smoking behavior and also provides a case study for studying user perception. According to the research results, we seek ways to influence the smoking preferences of young people and then adopt some artificial methods to intervene in the generation of these factors, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing smoking among young people.
Probability Density Evolution Algorithm for Stochastic Dynamical Systems Based on Fractional Calculus
Authors: Yan Yang , Yu Xiaohong
Published: November 2021

With the increasing load and speed of trains, the problems caused by various random excitations (such as safety and passenger comfort) have become more prominent and thus arises the necessity to analyze stochastic dynamical systems, which is important in both academic and engineering circles. The existing analysis methods are inadequate in terms of computational accuracy, computational efficiency, and applicability in solving complex problems. For that, a new efficient and accurate method is used in this paper, suitable for linear and nonlinear random vibration analysis of large structures as well as static and dynamic reliability assessment. It is the direct probability integration method, which is extended and applied to the random vibration reliability analysis of dynamical systems. Dynamical models of the dynamic system and coupled system “three-car vehicle-rail-bridge” are established, the time-varying differential equations of motion are derived in detail, and the dynamic response of the system is calculated using the explicit Newmark algorithm. The simulation results show the influence of the number of representative points on the smoothness of the image of the probability density function and the accuracy of the calculation results.
Mimicking Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Importance of Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Luo Thomas , Zurko Joanna , Astle John , Shah Nirav N.
Published: November 2021

Copper deficiency is a rare nutritional deficiency with hematological manifestations that mimic those found in myelodysplastic syndrome, a hematological malignancy incurable without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone marrow biopsy findings and peripheral blood counts are oftentimes insufficient to differentiate the two conditions. Moreover, the symptoms of copper deficiency can arise years after the surgery, making diagnosis a challenge. In patients with new-onset pancytopenia, copper deficiency must be considered on the differential, especially in the setting of known risk factors such as bariatric surgery, zinc supplementation, and celiac disease. Herein, we present a case of a 61-year-old female with a remote history of gastric bypass being evaluated for MDS in the context of progressive pancytopenia and new-onset paresthesias. The patient was found to have low serum copper and ceruloplasmin. Copper supplementation largely resolved the hematological abnormalities, but the limb paresthesias remain. This case highlights the need to identify copper deficiency early and distinguish it from MDS in order to prevent permanent neurological deficits and catastrophic response should the patient undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
A Phase 1a/b Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Study of Etigilimab Alone or in Combination with Nivolumab in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors
Authors: Mettu Niharika B. , Ulahannan Susanna V. , Bendell Johanna C. , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio , Strickler John H. , Moore Kathleen N. , Stagg Robert , Kapoun Ann M. , Faoro Leonardo , Sharma Sunil
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain) is a co-inhibitory receptor of T-cell and natural killer cell activity. Targeting TIGIT with or without PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition may enhance antitumor immunity.

Patients and Methods:

This Phase 1a/b trial was a first-in-human, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation and -expansion study in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Using 3 + 3 design, patients underwent 14-day treatment cycles with anti-TIGIT antibody etigilimab alone (Phase 1a; 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg intravenously) or in combination with anti–PD-1 antibody nivolumab (Phase 1b; 3.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg etigilimab and 240 mg nivolumab). Primary objective was safety and tolerability.

Results:

Thirty-three patients were enrolled (Phase 1a, n = 23; Phase 1b, n = 10). There were no dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). MTD for single and combination therapy was not determined; maximum administered dose was 20 mg/kg. The most commonly reported adverse events (AE) were rash (43.5%), nausea (34.8%), and fatigue (30.4%) in Phase 1a and decreased appetite (50.0%), nausea (50.0%), and rash (40%) in Phase 1b. Six patients experienced Grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs. In Phase 1a, 7 patients (30.0%) had stable disease. In Phase 1b, 1 patient had a partial response; 1 patient had prolonged stable disease of nearly 8 months. Median progression-free survival was 56.0 days (Phase 1a) and 57.5 days (Phase 1b). Biomarker correlative analyses demonstrated evidence of clear dose-dependent target engagement by etigilimab.

Conclusions:

Etigilimab had an acceptable safety profile with preliminary evidence of clinical benefit alone and in combination with nivolumab and warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
A Randomized Trial of Fulvestrant, Everolimus, and Anastrozole for the Front-line Treatment of Patients with Advanced Hormone Receptor–positive Breast Cancer, SWOG S1222
Authors: Moore Halle C.F. , Barlow William E. , Somlo George , Gralow Julie R. , Schott Anne F. , Hayes Daniel F. , Kuhn Peter , Hicks James B. , Welter Lisa , Dy Philip A. , Yeon Christina H. , Conlin Alison K. , Balcueva Ernie , Lew Danika L. , Tripathy Debasish , Pusztai Lajos , Hortobagyi Gabriel N.
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer is an important cause of cancer mortality. Endocrine treatment with or without additional targeted therapies has been the mainstay of treatment. This trial was designed to evaluate the combination of fulvestrant plus everolimus versus fulvestrant, everolimus, and anastrozole compared with fulvestrant alone in the first-line treatment of advanced HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.

Patients and Methods:

This randomized placebo-controlled trial included postmenopausal women with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who had received no prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease. Participants were randomized to one of three treatment arms and the primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), comparing combinations of fulvestrant and everolimus with or without anastrozole with fulvestrant alone. Circulating tumor cells (CTC), as measured with two different methods, and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were evaluated serially prior to treatment and the beginning of the second cycle of therapy.

Results:

Due in part to changes in clinical practice, the study was closed after accruing only 37 participants. There was no evidence that everolimus-containing combination treatment improved PFS or overall survival relative to fulvestrant alone. When modeled continuously, an association was observed of baseline CTC and ctDNA with poorer survival.

Conclusions:

Although power of the study was limited, the findings were unable to support the routine use of everolimus combination endocrine therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced hormone-sensitive breast cancer. Prognostic impact of baseline ctDNA and copy-number variations in CTC was demonstrated.
Brown Bowel Syndrome: An Exceedingly Rare Condition with Longstanding Malabsorption and an Unusual Cause of Colon Pseudo-Obstruction
Authors: Alkurdi Adnan , Rubin Diana , Seelhoff Alexander , Herbst Hermann
Published: November 2021

Brown bowel syndrome (BBS) is an exceedingly rare condition usually associated with longstanding malabsorption of any etiology. As a result of vitamin E deficiency and subsequent mitochondrial degeneration due to oxidative stress induced by free radicals, lipofuscin granules accumulate in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract resulting in myopathy and dysmotility with underlying disease aggravation. The current study reports a BBS case in a 64-year-old female patient who had undergone jejunoileal bypass surgery as a bariatric procedure. The patient was admitted with signs of malabsorption and ileus in computed tomography imaging. Endoscopic workup revealed no stenosis or obstruction. The colon histologically showed periodic acid-Schiff-positive lipofuscin granules in the lamina muscularis mucosa consistent with BBS. The vitamin E level in the patient was extremely low. Moreover, clinical improvement was documented following high-dose substitution. BBS should be considered in patients with malabsorption of any cause especially with signs of gastrointestinal dysmotility. Vitamin E substitution may improve clinical status and prevent further deterioration.
Absurdo! A repetição na obra de Eva Hesse
Authors: Alcântara Luiza , Oliveira Rachel Cecília de
Published: November 2021

Este artigo analisa a obra de Eva Hesse sem recair nos vícios que parte da crítica de arte e da historiografia reproduzem ao abordar obras de arte feitas por mulheres. Isso é feito mostrando como as obras de Eva Hesse corroboram uma ideia de gesto livre, do gesto como sua intencionalidade, uma forma de vestígio de corpo, de presença. Por meio dos conceitos de índice, repetição e gesto, traçamos diferenças entre a artista e seus contemporâneos, enfatizando os movimentos aos quais sua obra é tradicionalmente associada: o minimalismo e a arte conceitual.
De volta à caverna de Platão: notas sobre exposições imersivas
Authors: Sacchettin Priscila
Published: November 2021

O artigo aborda a concepção de exposição imersiva como vertente em expansão da arte digital contemporânea, cuja proposta é oferecer experiências intensas em ambientes multissensoriais que pretendem envolver o visitante por completo. Tanto obras inéditas, concebidas em vista de tais tecnologias, quanto pinturas de nomes canônicos da história da arte podem ser apresentadas pelas imersivas. Levando em conta um histórico de experiências de intensificação sensorial associadas a espaços expositivos, o artigo propõe que as imersivas sejam entendidas por contraste com a concepção do cubo branco, o que permite situá-las diante de questões pertinentes ao meio artístico contemporâneo como um todo, do patrocínio corporativo ao sucesso de público mediado pelas redes sociais.
Os museus impressos: Malasartes e A parte do fogo
Authors: Braga Felipe Paranaguá
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo procura pensar possibilidades de museu que suplantavam o modelo moderno no contexto da década de 1970. Para isso, sugere olhar para as revistas Malasartes e A parte do fogo como possíveis museus impressos que estariam em confronto com o pensamento vinculado à ideia de museu moderno associada ao Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro.
O cinema letrista em 1968: a experiência do café-cinema e Le soulèvement de la jeunesse
Authors: Uchôa Fábio
Published: November 2021

Entre 1967 e 1969, a vanguarda letrista mantém um café-cinema, unindo projeções experimentais e intervenções artísticas, inspiradas em práticas anteriores do grupo. À luz de tal experiência, o objetivo é examinar os posicionamentos letristas em relação aos eventos de 1968, a partir de três passos. Primeiramente, um mapeamento das atividades e manifestos associados ao café-cinema, tomando-os em suas continuidades com práticas letristas remanescentes. Num segundo momento, passa-se ao debate conceitual de tais continuidades, a partir das ideias de colagem, cotidiano e juventude. Por fim, avança-se à análise do filme Le Soulèvement de la jeunesse (1968), de Maurice Lemaître, identificando uma construção autocentrada, que toma as rebeliões como consolidação das teorias anunciadas por Isidore Isou no livro Traité d’économie nucléaire (1949).
Fama, estampas y pinceles: citas visuales del Juicio Final de Miguel Ángel entre Europa y los Andes (siglos XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Rodríguez Romero Agustina
Published: November 2021

El estudio de las estampas y sus usos como modelos para la pintura de la temprana modernidad en el cruce con la circulación global de las imágenes ha permitido reconstruir extensas redes de imágenes a partir de la apropiación de los mismos motivos en diferentes partes del globo y profundizar en el accionar concreto de los artistas que seleccionaron y combinaron los motivos de las estampas a partir de objetivos diferenciados. El presente artículo aborda la circulación de los motivos del Juicio Final de Miguel Ángel para destacar las citas visuales de esta obra como estrategias de los artistas para generar una intervisualidad que conecte su propia producción con un artista y una imagen célebres para sus contemporáneos.
Women in twelfth-century English lawsuits
Authors: van Caenegem R.C.
Published: November 2021

Notwithstanding that the role of women in law courts could be expected to be modest for the Middle Ages, a perusal of lawsuits of the 12th century produced even a lesser proportion than expected.
Subject, Object, and Knowledge as First-Person
Authors: Antognazza Maria Rosa
Published: November 2021

This article tries to show that focusing on why and how subject and object are distinct is of key importance for understanding the nature of knowledge itself. It argues that: 1) cognition starts with an aliud which is present to a felt self in a way fundamentally different from one’s own modes of being; 2) individual human knowledge in its paradigmatic form is essentially first-personal, that is, its object-directedness requires a built-in, implicit awareness of a ‘self’ that provides the unifying perspective from which the aliud is apprehended; 3) this is a first-order awareness which is crucially distinct from the second-order awareness which requires a reflexive cognitive act – a distinction which the author proposes to cash out in terms of ‘first-person knowledge’ versus ‘self-knowledge.
Knowing, Knowing Perspicuously, and Knowing How One Knows
Authors: Longworth Guy
Published: November 2021

In Knowing and Seeing, Michael Ayers presents a view of what he calls primary knowledge according to which one who knows in that way both knows perspicuously and knows how they know. Here, I use some general considerations about seeing, knowing, and knowing how one knows in order to raise some questions about this view. More specifically, I consider some putative limits on one’s capacity to know how one knows. The main question I pursue concerns whether perspicuity should be thought of either (i) as a condition of sensory experience, (ii) as a condition of sense-based cognition, or (iii) as an interface condition, involving interrelations between sensory experience and sense-based cognition.
« Le mal ne s’enracine pas dans l’instauration ». La question du mal dans le shiʿisme ismaélien
Authors: De Smet Daniel
Published: November 2021

As is the case with other Shiʿi traditions, Ismailism developed a dualistic worldview ruled by the opposition between good and evil, light and darkness. However, it is a rather moderate form of dualism, as the principle of evil is not coexistent with the Creator or has not been created by Him. Evil only appears at a lower level of the cosmic hierarchy. This doctrine has been elaborated in four different ways in the history of Ismailism. We first meet a gnostic thesis where evil is the result of a rebellion in the intelligible world; second, there is a Neoplatonic thesis where evil and imperfection are caused by the process of emanation itself; and third, we distinguish a philosophical thesis where the generation of evil by “second intention” belongs to the rule of divine providence. Finally, Ṭayyibī authors in the 12th century made a synthesis of the three positions.

L’ismaélisme, à l’instar d’autres courants shiʿites, prône une vision dualiste du monde marquée par l’opposition éternelle entre le bien et le mal, la lumière et les ténèbres. Cependant, il s’agit d’un dualisme mitigé, où le mal n’est ni coexistant avec le Créateur, ni instauré par Lui, mais apparaît à un degré inférieur de la hiérarchie cosmique. Cette thèse a été développée de quatre manières différentes au cours de l’histoire doctrinale de l’ismaélisme. Nous distinguons successivement une thèse gnostique où le mal est le résultat d’une révolte dans le monde intelligible, une thèse néoplatonicienne où le mal et l’imperfection sont générés par le processus de l’émanation, et une thèse philosophique où le mal est causé par « seconde intention » par la Providence divine. Une synthèse de ces trois thèses a été élaborée dans le Ṭayyibisme à partir du 12e siècle.
Attribution of Dry and Wet Climatic Changes over Central Asia
Authors: Ren Yu , Yu Haipeng , Liu Chenxi , He Yongli , Huang Jianping , Zhang Lixia , Hu Huancui , Zhang Qiang , Chen Siyu , Liu Xiaoyue , Zhang Meng , Wei Yun , Yan Yaoxian , Fan Weiwei , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2021

Central Asia (CA; 35°–55°N, 55°–90°E) has been experiencing a significant warming trend during the past five decades, which has been accompanied by intensified local hydrological changes. Accurate identification of variations in hydroclimatic conditions and understanding the driving mechanisms are of great importance for water resource management. Here, we attempted to quantify dry/wet variations by using precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P − E) and attributed the variations based on the atmosphere and surface water balances. Our results indicated that the dry season became drier while the wet season became wetter in CA for 1982–2019. The land surface water budget revealed precipitation (96.84%) and vapor pressure deficit (2.26%) as the primary contributing factors for the wet season. For the dry season, precipitation (95.43%), net radiation (3.51%), and vapor pressure deficit (−2.64%) were dominant factors. From the perspective of the atmospheric water budget, net inflow moisture flux was enhanced by a rate of 72.85 kg m−1s−1in the wet season, which was mainly transported from midwestern Eurasia. The increase in precipitation induced by the external cycle was 11.93 mm (6 months)−1. In contrast, the drying trend during the dry season was measured by a decrease in the net inflow moisture flux (74.41 kg m−1s−1) and reduced external moisture from midwestern Eurasia. An increase in precipitation during the dry season can be attributed to an enhancement in local evapotranspiration, accompanied by a 4.69% increase in the recycling ratio. The compounding enhancements between wet and dry seasons ultimately contribute to an increasing frequency of both droughts and floods.
Process-Based Evaluation of Stochastic Perturbed Microphysics Parameterization Tendencies on Ensemble Forecasts of Heavy Rainfall Events
Authors: Lupo Kevin M. , Torn Ryan D. , Yang Shu-Chih
Published: November 2021

Stochastic model error schemes, such as the stochastic perturbed parameterization tendencies (SPPT) and independent SPPT (iSPPT) schemes, have become an increasingly accepted method to represent model error associated with uncertain subgrid-scale processes in ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). While much of the current literature focuses on the effects of these schemes on forecast skill, this research examines the physical processes by which iSPPT perturbations to the microphysics parameterization scheme yield variability in ensemble rainfall forecasts. Members of three 120-member Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model ensemble case studies, including two distinct heavy rain events over Taiwan and one over the northeastern United States, are ranked according to an area-averaged accumulated rainfall metric in order to highlight differences between high- and low-precipitation forecasts. In each case, high-precipitation members are characterized by a damping of the microphysics water vapor and temperature tendencies over the region of heaviest rainfall, while the opposite is true for low-precipitation members. Physically, the perturbations to microphysics tendencies have the greatest impact at the cloud level and act to modify precipitation efficiency. To this end, the damping of tendencies in high-precipitation forecasts suppresses both the loss of water vapor due to condensation and the corresponding latent heat release, leading to grid-scale supersaturation. Conversely, amplified tendencies in low-precipitation forecasts yield both drying and increased positive buoyancy within clouds.
Social background and school track choice: An analysis informed by the rational choice framework
Authors: Lievore Ilaria , Triventi Moris
Published: November 2021

We investigate social inequalities based on social background in the choice of the academic track among equally performing students, and how indicators derived from the rational choice framework contribute to account for such inequalities. We discuss the main theoretical concepts underpinning rational choice theory as applied to educational decisions: perceived costs, benefits, and risks of failure; relative risk aversion; and time-discounting preferences. In the empirical section, we use a unique dataset concerning the transition to different tracks in upper secondary school in a large Southern Italian region. By using various regression methods and the Karlson/Holm/Breen decomposition technique, we show that social inequalities in access to the academic track are considerable, even in recent cohorts, and that they are largely not explained by previous academic performance. Indicators linked to key concepts proposed by the rational choice theory—as measured in this study—account, as a whole, for 31% of the gap based on parental education, and for 40% of the gap based on parental occupation. The most important sources of inequalities among those this study examines are the expected benefits associated with the educational alternatives and the time-discounting preferences, while relative risk aversion and the perceived chances of success play negligible roles.
Endovascular Treatment of Innominate Artery Bifurcation Injury with Balloon-Expandable Covered Stents Utilizing Kissing Stent Technique
Authors: Grzeda Anthony L. , Moseley Marcus D. , Sangroula Daisy , Wayne Erik J. , Dwivedi Amit J. , Sigdel Abindra
Published: November 2021

Major injury of the innominate artery is traditionally treated with an open repair which is technically challenging, associated with large volumes of blood loss and prolonged operative times. Endovascular treatment with covered stent placement across the injury is an attractive alternative. However, placement of a single covered stent across the innominate artery bifurcation into one of its distal branches will not prevent bleeding because of retrograde perfusion from the unstented branch distal to the bifurcation. Here, we report a case of successful endovascular repair of one such injury involving the innominate artery bifurcation with ongoing extravasation into the mediastinum. The injury was successfully treated by utilizing 2 balloon-expandable covered stents placed in kissing fashion from the innominate artery into both of its distal branches. This technique of parallel covered stent placement across a bifurcation could effectively repair bifurcation injuries while maintaining patency of both distal branches.
Unexpected Diaphragmatic Hernia Among Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Internal Fixation of Rib Fractures
Authors: Murfee John R. , Pardue Kaitlin E. , Farley Paige. , Polite Nathan M. , Mbaka Maryann I. , Bright Andrew C. , Kinnard Christopher M. , Simmons Jon D. , Butts C Caleb
Published: November 2021

Traumatic blunt diaphragm injuries are a diagnostic challenge in trauma. They may be missed due to the increasing trend of non-operative management of patients. The purpose of this study was to review the rate of occult blunt diaphragm injuries in patients who underwent video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for rib fixation. This retrospective study included patients that received VATS as part of our institutional protocol for rib fracture management. This includes utilizing incentive spirometry, multimodal analgesia, and early consideration for VATS. Data was abstracted from the electronic medical record and included demographics, operative findings, and outcomes. Thirty patients received VATS per our rib fracture protocol. No patients had any identified diaphragm injury on pre-operative imaging. A concomitant diaphragm injury was identified in 20% (6/30) of the study population. All patients were alive at 30 days. For all patients, total hospital length of stay was 14.5 days, ICU length of stay was 8.9 days, and average ventilator days was 4.2 days. When comparing patients with and without concomitant diaphragm injuries, hospital length of stay was 16.8 days vs. 14.5 ( P = 0.59), ICU length of stay was 11.8 days vs. 8.2 ( P = 0.54), and ventilator days was 4.5 days vs. 4.2 ( P = 0.93). This study revealed that 20% of patients undergoing VATS for rib fracture fixation had a concomitant diaphragm injury. This higher-than-expected prevalence suggests that groups of patients sustaining blunt trauma may have occult diaphragmatic injuries that are otherwise unidentified. This raises the need for improved diagnostic modalities to identify these injuries.
Broadening Our Understanding of Human Resource Management for Improved Environmental Performance
Authors: Portocarrero Florencio F. , Winkler Anne-Laure P. , Pearce Jone L.
Published: November 2021

This article evaluates the effect of different human resource management (HRM) practices on organizations’ environmental performance. We develop a model to evaluate the influence of a broad range of HRM practices, including environmental performance criteria in managers’ performance evaluations and two types of internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices: socially responsible employee benefits and corporate volunteering practices. To this end, we analyze a sample of 142 manufacturing companies that have completed B Lab’s Impact Assessment process to certify their environmental performance. The results show that including environmental criteria in a higher proportion of managers’ performance evaluations directly impacts organizations’ environmental performance and strengthens the positive effect of other environmental management practices. The findings also demonstrate the direct effects of both types of CSR practices on an organization’s environmental performance. Our study advances recent work on Green HRM and CSR by identifying the specific HRM practices that allow organizations to move from being part of the world’s environmental problem to being part of the solution.
Feigning Symptoms to Obtain Prescription Stimulants: A Vignette-Based Study on Its Conditions
Authors: van Veen Floris , Sattler Sebastian , Mehlkop Guido , Hasselhorn Fabian
Published: November 2021

This vignette-based study examined the willingness to feign symptoms to obtain a prescription following an analysis on who might use prescription stimulants to enhance performance ( N = 3,468). It experimentally manipulated three factors: the social disapproval of prescription stimulant use for enhancement purposes, the physicians’ diagnostic efforts, and the medical condition (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy); respondent characteristics of self-control, personal morality, and self-efficacy were also measured. Our results showed that social disapproval of prescription drug use, a personal morality that disapproves of drug use, high self-control, and high self-efficacy were negatively associated with the willingness to use. Willingness increased especially in situations of social approval when there was a stronger personal approval of drug use, or surprisingly when physicians’ diagnostic efforts were higher. The feigning willingness was lower in situations of social disapproval and when personal morality disapproved of feigning. Thus, personal and situational characteristics are relevant to understand both behaviors.
The effect of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emission in Taiwan: Quantile mediation analysis
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Kuang
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we propose an integrated method, called quantile mediation analysis, which combines quantile regression and mediation analysis, to examine the impact of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions, whether connected to or separate from through economic growth, from 1990 to 2018 in Taiwan. The results of this novel approach indicate that Taiwan's renewable energy did not affect carbon dioxide emissions through the mediation effect of economic growth from the period of 1990 to 2018, and that there is only a direct effect from renewable energy to carbon dioxide emissions at any distribution. Moreover, this result is remarkably different from the result of the traditional ordinary least square approach, which shows that Taiwan‘s renewable energy affects carbon dioxide emissions through the partial mediation effect of economic growth. In conclusion, we suggest that the Taiwanese government should increase the use of renewable energy in reducing local and global carbon dioxide emissions.
Using the Four Stages of Learning to Assess, Set Goals, and Instruct
Authors: Jimenez Bree , Root Jenny , Shurr Jordan , Bouck Emily C.
Published: November 2021

Teaching requires attention to individual student needs by providing both adequate challenge and sufficient support to help students successfully gain academic skills (Shurr et al., 2019). The learning stages framework divides typical learning into four distinct stages: acquisition, fluency, maintenance, and generalization (Collins, 2012; Haring & Eaton, 1978). Thinking in terms of the learning progression can help teachers assess student performance and determine how they can best be supported to progress. This article will lead readers through the process of using the four stages of learning as a framework for assessment (i.e., understanding where students are currently performing), goal setting (i.e., setting the instructional aim), and instruction (i.e., planning for and delivering instruction aligned to individual student needs) within the context of mathematics for students with a variety of disabilities and support needs.
Level and Influencing Factors of Job Motivation Among Administrative Staff at Public Hospitals in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Duc , Phung Hung Thanh , Vo Ngoc Tuan , Tran Thanh Chi , Hoang Sa Cao
Published: November 2021

Administrative staff at healthcare facilities, who are not either doctors or nurses, coordinate, facilitate patient care, and account for 18–20% of human resources in hospitals. Their contribution to the value chain of healthcare service is crucial, but they are not well recognized either by hospital managers and healthcare staff or by patients. Low recognition may cause low job motivation and repeated tasks may cause boredom for them. Our study aimed to assess the level of job motivation among administrative staff in 2 hospitals of Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, and explore the influencing factors to job motivation. The exploratory mixed methods design was used in our study with an initial quantitative study with a designed questionnaire and then followed by a qualitative study with focus group discussions. The job motivation index of the administrative staff in our study was not high (4.0). Positive factors were extra income, higher education, healthcare benefits, and a good working environment. Negative factors were low salary index, less chance of higher education, and no separated key performance indicator criteria. The low job motivation index of the administrative staff at public hospitals in our study warns of the negative impact on hospital income in terms of patient satisfaction. In the future, hospitals should have a new strategy in human resource management specifically for administrative staff by maintaining the positive factors and step-by-step overcome the negative factors such as developing separated key performance indicator criteria.
Diagnosis and Management of Occult Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Li Wan-Xin , Zhu Yiyuan , Dong Yanbo , Liu Liangfa
Published: November 2021

Objective: Some cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy (CTL) presents no evidence of tuberculosis (TB), even after thorough examination of a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimen. After the examination of excisional specimens, when the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis identifies the nucleic acid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) or the culture results are positive, then the diagnosis of CTL is established. We refer to this condition as occult CTL (OCTL). Patient and Methods: The present work is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of OCTL cases that were treated at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between June 2015 and September 2020. When the diagnosis of OCTL was established, the patients received the standard anti-TB chemotherapy. Results: Fourteen cases of OCTL, including 9 female and 5 male patients, aged 24 to 71 years (median age 42 years), were included in the present study. The most commonly observed levels of lymph node involvement were level V and level II. Each level of the involved lymph nodes was removed entirely through en bloc surgical resection. An evaluation of the excisional specimens led to positive PCR results in all 14 cases, with 2 cases presenting positive culture and 3 cases exhibiting positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining. Recovery was uneventful, and the anti-TB chemotherapy was completed in all cases. The median duration of follow-up was 29 months, during which no case of TB relapse was observed. Conclusions: Wide surgical excision is crucial for the diagnosis and management of OCTL, and when used in combination with anti-TB chemotherapy, it results in satisfactory patient outcomes.