bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Cabri 3D Materi Dimensi Tiga Kelas X SMA
Authors: Friansah Drajat , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Somakim Somakim
Published: February 2018

This study aims to (1) produce teaching materials based Cabri 3D material Three Dimensrions which is valid, practical, has a potential effect on the achievement of learning and explain the process of development, (2) describe the characteristics of teaching materials based Cabri 3D material Three Dimensions. In developing teaching materials, researchers through the preliminary stage and prototyping with groove formative evaluation. In the prototyping stage researchers involved class X SMA Xavierus Lubuklinggau. Data collection techniques used are documentation, walk-throughs, and the results of the test. This research-based teaching materials Cabri produce 3D material Three Dimensions valid and practical, and has a potential effect on the achievement of learning and self-sufficiency indicators of student learning. Validity of instructional materials in terms of compliance with the curriculum and the results of expert validation and test prototypes at the stage of a small group. The potential effect of this teaching material visible from the ability of students determines the position, distance and angle of the elements of geometry. The results of the evaluation study shows 3.13% category excellent value, 56.25 Good, 34.38 Enough, and 6.25 Less. From the observation unstructured during the learning process of students have the initiative to learn and utilize learning resources.
Volume Kubus dan Balok Melibatkan Kemampuan Visualisasi Spasial di Kelas VIII
Authors: Wahyuni Reny , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Hartono Yusuf
Published: February 2018

This study was conducted to produce the learning trajectories in volume of cubes and cuboids  involving spatial visualization ability eight grade . In this study involving eighth grade students of SMP YPI Tunas Bangsa Palembang academic year 2014 - 2015. The method used in this study is the type of research design validation studies that consists of three stages: preliminary, design experiments, and retrospective analysis. A series of learning instruments designed and developed based on allegations of learning and using PMRI approach. In this paper will discuss the pilot experiment phase. Activities carried out starting from the activities see the packaging to improve spatial visualization ability of students, conduct experiments to enter rubik and resolve problems related to daily life - today. The results showed that the activities of the learning process through a series of activities based on the experience has helped improve students' understanding of the concept the volume of cubes and cuboids.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) dengan Pendekatan Scientific terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah dan Kecerdasan Emosional (Lesson Study pada Mata Kuliah Statistik Elementer)
Authors: Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi
Published: February 2018

This study aims to improve the quality of learning through Lesson study is to apply a problem-based learning (PBL) with a scientific approach in terms of problem solving skills and emotional intelligence. Implementation of Lesson study conducted in four cycles. Each cycle consists of three phases, namely the Plan (planning), Do (implementation), and See (reflection). The data obtained in the form of data and the implementation of  Lesson study questionnaire on the learning outcome data that has been done, the data in a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data problem-solving skills and emotional intelligence questionnaire of students ware analyzed using multivariate and continued with univariate tests on the significance level of 5 %. The results of the questionnaire, the lesson is displayed as a percentage and can be summed up 100 % of the students gave the opinion that the implementation of learning interesting and motivated students will make but 30 % of students questioned the instruments are poorly understood. While the results of data analysis, showed that problem-based learning (PBL) with the Scientific approach positive effect in terms of problem-solving skills and emotional intelligence of students.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Model Discovery Learning pada Pokok Bahasan Sudut Kelas VII
Authors: Noviafitri Selly , Somakim Somakim , Hartono Yusuf
Published: February 2018

The research aims to produce a valid and practical LKS based on discovery learning model and also having potential effect. This type of research is Development Study of Design Research. The subject of this research were the first year students of SMP Negeri 7 Prabumulih academic year 2015/2016. The technic of collecting data have done with walkthrough, test, observation, and interview. The result of this research was produce two LKS that valid and practical based on discovery learning model with characteristic (1) Contain stages of discovery learning model, (2) Assist students in finding concepts on the subject of the angle, (3) make students being actively in learning process .Valid can be seen from the result of validator assessment where the validator comment on the first prototype of LKS from content, construct, and language perspective. Practical can be seen from the result of small group try out, which is based on  analysis of the answer sheets of students found that students are able to complete each stage there, and based on coment sheet of students found that LKS given were easy to used and understanded by students.  This devoloved  LKS which based on discovery learning model also have the potential effect toward result study. The result study from this research consisted of cognitive domain, affective domain, and psychomotor domain. In the cognitive domain, 91,66% of students got score more than 6,25, in the affective domain, all students have demonstrated a responsible attitude and respect that seen from the observation during LKS usage, and the psychomotor domain, all of students have been skilled that seen from the result of students performance.
Pengembangan LKS dengan Model Discovery Learning pada Materi Irisan Dua Lingkaran
Authors: Nizar Harisman , Somakim Somakim , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: February 2018

This research aims at (1)producing a valid and practical LKS (Student Worksheet) in discovery learning model in two circles intersection material in class XI, and (2) to find out the potential effect toward the learning outcomes from the development of LKS with discovery learning model in two circles intersections material in class XI MIA. The design ofthis research is a developmental study. The subjects of this research were 33 students of XI MIA 1 SMA N 1 Indralaya in academic year 2015/2016. The data collecting technique used were observation, test, and interview. The result of the researches were : (1) This research produced a valid and practical LKS with discovery learning model in two circles intersections material in class XI MIA withsome characteristics such as, (a) Contain the operational steps of discovery learning model, (b) Help students in finding the concept of two circles intersections model. (c) Make students active in learning. Being valid can be seen from the results of validator assessment, where the validator comments on the first prototype of LKS from content, construct, and language. Being practical can be seen from the results of  small group try out, in which it was based on analysis of the answer sheets of students, it was found that students were able to complete each steps there and studentsâ€™ comments obtained from the sheets that stated the LKS given was easy to be done by students. (2) The developed LKS consisted of potential effect toward the learning outcomes from cognitive (knowledge), affective (attitude), and psychomotor (skill). In the cognitive domain 81.81% of students got score > 65, in the affective domain all of the students had shown an attitude of honesty and responsiveness shown by observations during LKS usage, as well as in the of psychomotor domain skills all of students had good skill that seen from the result of students performance.
Public Administration at A Crossroad: Policy on Agricultural Extension within Digital Society
Authors: Riawanti Wahyu , Eﬀendi Kurnia Cahyaningrum
Published: February 2018

The study is aimed to reveal the public administration process in a challenging digital society. Facing the globalization, agriculture sector in Indonesia cope with the same challenge. In term of modernization, the role of agricultural extension is considered as one of the main factors in transferring technology and knowledge to the farmers. The case study was taken on Indonesian agriculture policy in Yogyakarta Province to reveal two diﬀerent aspects namely (a) the dynamic and relevance of agriculture policy to deal with nowadays digital society challenge and (b) how the extension agents respond the policy in terms of digitalized society and globalization. The qualitative data was taken from in-depth interview and FGD with extension agents in Yogyakarta province were used for the research main data. The research result has shown that the impact varied from diﬀerent extension groups/districts. The characters of extension agents and mostly Indonesian agriculture sectors are mostly the aging agriculture labors and lower technology application. This study results on how the agriculture policy was historically put the entity of extension agents as merely “object of development”. This phenomena fnally has to cope with recently global agriculture problem.

The study
Bela Beli Kulon Progo as A Policy for Strengthening The Capacity of Local Economy
Authors: Retnandari Nunuk Dwi
Published: February 2018

One of the reasons for the State’s presence in society is due to market’s failure in providing its citizens with better welfare. The local economy2  that serves as a source of welfare for most Indonesian communities is placed under very strenuous conditions when having to confront capitalist economy. Remarkably diﬀering backgrounds and resources create a highly imbalanced bargaining position. There have been numerous policies in the form of local economic development programs that have been carried out by Indonesia. However, the reality indicates that as of current the contribution of local economies in the GDP remains at approximately 50%. The interventions employed using a global approach, did not consider the specification of issues confronted by local economies, the State intervention performance metrics were very simple (activities) and there was a lack of serious evaluation regarding the intervention, which led to it not bearing much fruitful results. It was the Kulon Progo Regency which developed the concept of empowering local economy by using a specific approach confronted by the local economy. The policy is known as “Bela Beli Kulon Progo”. This article discusses the process undertaken by the Kulon Progo Regency in implementing the “Bela Beli Kulon Progo” movement which succeeded in boosting local economic development performance.
Policy Formulation and Implementation on Participatory Budgeting in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Lee Suk Kyung
Published: February 2018

This research analyzes the policy formulation and implementation of participatory budgeting in Seoul by using qualitative methods focusing on document research. The target time for this research is from 2010 until May 2012 when the Seoul government enacted the PB regulation for policy formulation, and from 2012 until 2016 for policy implementation. The results of the research show that Seoul government had already faced many demands for the implementation of PB before the regulation on PB was enacted. These demands are the result of two flows, that is, a political flow that regards citizen participation in the process of public policy as important and the worsening financial condition of the local government. In this situation, the change of Seoul mayor in 2011 has led the Seoul government to start policy formulation for PB. In the process of making the regulations, the CSOs that already studied a lot about PB also participated in this process. So, Seoul government has made regulation on PB with high level of citizen participation. After regulation on PB was enacted, during the implementation of PB, Seoul government seeks to increase the level of citizen participation by enhancing its representativeness and expertise. For example, Seoul government randomly select most of the PB committee members through open recruitment for representatives, make compulsory lessons in budgets school for expertise, and disclose all information and provide more opportunities for participation such as e-voting to increase the number of participants. As a result, the number of e-voting participants reached about 1% among the total population of Seoul.
Innovation Development to Increase Local Competitive Advantage in Mojokerto Regency
Authors: Astuti Sri Juni Woro , Prasetyono Dwi Wahyu
Published: February 2018

Becoming more competitive on the local and national levels can be seen as a strategy that will boost economic growth and, in turn, will improve the welfare of the community. Therefore, local government should make it a priority to draw up a grand plan for local development. The roles of resource-based and local potency in planning, therefore, become critical to improve the performance of local development. With accurate planning, the direction of regional development will be more focused. This paper will examine innovation strategy as an effort to increase local competitiveness, especially in Mojokerto Regency. This study utilizes a qualitative research method, where data is extracted from bureaucrats, community leaders, politicians, and academicians. Interactive data analysis methods, which take place continuously through the processes of data collection, data presentation, and conclusion are used to ensure well-considered results. Research indicates that the success of Mojokerto Regency in building local innovation can be attributed to the development of infrastructure and innovation in public services. This two-pronged approach to spearhead local development allowed Mojokerto Regency to increase its economic growth at an impressive rate. The strategies used to encourage the development of innovation at the local level are threefold, beginning with the alignment of regional development strategy to design long, medium, and short term innovation plans. Secondly, innovation is developed based on regional priorities that support economic growth in sectors that will benefit the wider community. Finally, the success of innovation in Mojokerto Regency is dependent on the support and commitment of local political leaders and apparatus resources.
Kejadian Myalgia pada Lansia Pasien Rawat Jalan
Authors: Sumardiyono Sumardiyono , Lowa Novy Wahyunengsi , Azzam Abdullah Muchammad , Huda Khairunnisa Nurul , Nurfauziah Nadia
Published: February 2018

ABSTRAK Myalgia atau nyeri otot termasuk salah satu keluhan sakit yang cukup sering diderita manusia. Lansia juga sering mengeluhkan adanya myalgia. Proses menua mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan fungsi dari organ-organ pada lansia, diantaranya penurunan fungsi muskuloskeletal, dan penurunan massa otot yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada otot. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan kejadian myalgia pada lansia pasien rawat jalan.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Matesih Kabupaten Karanganyar dengan sampel para pasien rawat jalan tanggal 1-31 Mei 2016. Sampel dipilih secara simple random sampling sebanyak 97 sampel. Data sekunder berupa umur diambil dari rekam medik pasien. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Chi Square.  Kejadian myalgia pada pasien rawat jalan lansia (48,6%) lebih sedikit dibandingkan pasien rawat jalan bukan lansia (51,4%).  Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara  kejadian myalgia dengan lansia pada pasien rawat jalan di Puskesmas Matesih Karanganyar (p>0,05). Kata kunci: Myalgia, Lansia ABSTRACTMyalgia or fatigue is one of the most common disease affects humans. Elderly are also often complain of myalgia. Aging process resulted in a decreasing organ function, including musculoskeletal function, and muscle mass, which may cause abnormality to the muscle. This research aims to know the relationship between myalgia disease with elderly in outpatients. This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectinal approach. This research was done at the health center Matesih Karanganyar with a sample of outpatients in May 30–June 1, 2016. The sample was selected by simple random sampling as many as 97 samples. Secondary data are taken from the patient’s medical record. Data was analyzed by Chi Square Test. The incidence of myalgia at the health center Matesih Karanganyar in elderly outpatient (48.6%) less than the younger outpatient (51.4%). There was no significant relationship between the incidence of myalgia with the elderly in outpatients at Matesih health centre in Karanganyar district (p> 0.05). Keywords: Myalgia, Elderly
Conversation Analysis of Veterinarians' Proposals for Long-Term Dietary Change in Companion Animal Practice in Ontario, Canada
Authors: MacMartin Clare , Wheat Hannah C. , Coe Jason B. , Adams Cindy L.
Published: February 2018

Nutritional changes recommended by veterinarians to clients can have a major role in animal-patient health. Although there is literature on best practices that can inform veterinary communication training, little is known specifically about how veterinarians communicate their recommendations to clients in real-life interactions. This study used the qualitative research method of conversation analysis to investigate the form and content of veterinarian-initiated proposals for long-term dietary change in canine and feline patients to further inform veterinary communication training. We analyzed the characteristics and design of veterinarian-initiated proposals for long-term nutritional modification as well as the appointment phases during which they occurred, in a subsample of 42 videotaped segments drawn from 35 companion animal appointments in eastern Ontario, Canada. Analyses indicated that veterinarians initiated proposals at various points during the consultations rather than as a predictable part of treatment planning at the end. While some proposals were worded strongly (e.g., “She should be on…”), most proposals avoided the presumption that dietary change would inevitably occur. Such proposals described dietary items as options (e.g., “There are also special diets…”) or used mitigating language (e.g., “you may want to try…”). These findings seem to reflect delicate veterinarian–client dynamics associated with dietary advice-giving in veterinary medicine that can impact adherence and limit shared decision-making. Our analyses offer guidance for communication training in veterinary education related to dietary treatment decision-making.
Bellamy's Rage and Beer's Conscience: Towards a Pirate Methodology
Authors: Arvanitakis James , Fredriksson Martin , Schillings Sonja
Published: February 2018

Over the last decade piracy has emerged as a growing field of research covering a wide range of different phenomena, from fashion counterfeits and media piracy, through to 17th century buccaneers and present-day pirates off the coast of Somalia. In many cases piracy can be a metaphor or an analytical perspective to understand conflicts and social change. This article relates this fascination with piracy as a practice and a metaphor to academia and asks what a pirate methodology of knowledge production could be: how, in other words, researchers and educators can be understood as ‘pirates’ to the corporate university. Drawing on the history of maritime piracy as well as on a discussion on contemporary pirate libraries that disrupt proprietary publishing, the article explores the possibility of a pirate methodology as a way of acting as a researcher and relating to existing norms of knowledge production. The methodology of piratical scholarship involves exploiting the grey zones and loopholes of contemporary academia. It is a tactical intervention that exploits short term opportunities that arise in the machinery of academia to the strategic end of turning a limiting structure into an enabling field of opportunities. We hope that such a concept of pirate methodologies may help us reflect on how sustainable and constructive approaches to knowledge production emerge in the context of a critique of the corporate university.
The Citizen Professional, Mediatization, and the creation of a Public Domain
Authors: Christof Karin
Published: February 2018

Situated within the transition experienced by our welfare states, citizens have become ever more involved in the re-use of derelict public housing stock throughout Europe. These citizens are tentatively to be called ‘citizen professionals’ in the urban realm, a term that serves as a sensitizing concept to explore the social worlds of their contributions to the public domain. Employing various types of media to communicate their progress and success, these urban actors seek to gain the trust of the neighborhood and governmental institutions to sustain their projects within a broader community. Just as the media influence and structure cultural domains and society as a whole, the social-cultural activities carried out by citizen professionals in the public domain are mediatized not only by the actors themselves, but also by municipal organizations, policy workers, and governmental institutions. Grounding mediatization as a socio-spatial concept within empirical practice, the article examines the practices of citizen professionals and describes how they endeavor to attain public acknowledgment by representing their projects as showcases within a public domain. The article builds on pilot interviews conducted in Rotterdam (NAC, Reading Room West) and Vienna (Paradocks) to expound on the projects as lived spaces between mediatized and physical environments. Positioning citizen professionals within contemporary developments in the urban field, the article then investigates the underlying values of the spatial interventions, as well as how governmental bodies relate to their practices. Seen through the lens of mediatization, the article provides insights into how citizen professionals employ their social imaginaries and mobilize their activities around their agenda regarding the creation of a public domain.
Structural Changes in Stx1 Engineering Monoclonal Antibody Improves Its Functionality as Diagnostic Tool for a Rapid Latex Agglutination Test
Authors: Luz Daniela , Shiga Emerson , Chen Gang , Quintilio Wagner , Andrade Fernanda , Maranhão Andrea , Caetano Bruna , Mitsunari Thaís , Silva Míriam , Rocha Letícia , Moro Ana , Sidhu Sachdev , Piazza Roxane
Published: February 2018

Stx1 toxin is one of the AB5 toxins of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) responsible for foodborne intoxication during outbreaks. The single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is the most common recombinant antibody format; it consists of both variable chains connected by a peptide linker with conserved specificity and affinity for antigen. The drawbacks of scFv production in bacteria are the heterologous expression, conformation and stability of the molecule, which could change the affinity for the antigen. In this work, we obtained a stable and functional scFv-Stx1 in bacteria, starting from IgG produced by hybridoma cells. After structural modifications, i.e., change in protein orientation, vector and linker, its solubility for expression in bacteria was increased as well as the affinity for its antigen, demonstrated by a scFv dissociation constant (KD) of 2.26 × 10−7 M. Also, it was able to recognize purified Stx1 and cross-reacted with Stx2 toxin by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), and detected 88% of Stx1-producing strains using a rapid latex agglutination test. Thus, the scFv fragment obtained in the present work is a bacteria-produced tool for use in a rapid diagnosis test, providing an alternative for STEC diagnosis.
Stay True to the Sound of History: Philology, Phylogenetics and Information Engineering in Musicology
Authors: Verde Sebastiano , Pretto Niccolò , Milani Simone , Canazza Sergio
Published: February 2018

This work investigates computational musicology for the study of tape music works tackling the problems concerning stemmatics. These philological problems have been analyzed with an innovative approach considering the peculiarities of audio tape recordings. The paper presents a phylogenetic reconstruction strategy that relies on digitizing the analyzed tapes and then converting each audio track into a two-dimensional spectrogram. This conversion allows adopting a set of computer vision tools to align and equalize different tracks in order to infer the most likely transformation that converts one track into another. In the presented approach, the main editing techniques, intentional and unintentional alterations and different configurations of a tape recorded are estimated in phylogeny analysis. The proposed solution presents a satisfying robustness to the adoption of the wrong reading setup together with a good reconstruction accuracy of the phylogenetic tree. The reconstructed dependencies proved to be correct or plausible in 90% of the experimental cases.
1H-NMR Spectroscopy: A Possible Approach to Advanced Bitumen Characterization for Industrial and Paving Applications
Authors: Oliviero Rossi Cesare , Caputo Paolino , De Luca Giuseppina , Maiuolo Loredana , Eskandarsefat Shahin , Sangiorgi Cesare
Published: February 2018

Bitumen has unique chemo-mechanical properties, and for this reason, it is today one of the main constituents of many industrial products beside its common use in highway pavements construction. While the excellent rheological properties of bitumens have been investigated by means of different techniques, much remains to be known about the intrinsic properties of this complex material. It is therefore important to investigate its structure and properties from a closer point of view, towards possible useful modifications of the neat material. The present research developed a technique to investigate the composition of bitumens using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to separate the different fractions, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess and quantify the aliphatic hydrogen part with respect to the aromatic part. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of the materials, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) analysis was conducted in solution, using CCl4 as solvent, on three different neat bitumens and on their asphaltene and maltene fractions. The combined application of TLC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy enables the advanced characterization of bitumens supplied from different sources or obtained from different processes. This further allows addressing the use of specific modifications according to the bitumen final applications.
Potential of New Isolates of Dunaliella Salina for Natural β-Carotene Production
Authors: Xu Yanan , Ibrahim Iskander , Wosu Chiziezi , Ben-Amotz Ami , Harvey Patricia
Published: February 2018

The halotolerant microalga Dunaliella salina has been widely studied for natural β-carotene production. This work shows biochemical characterization of three newly isolated Dunaliella salina strains, DF15, DF17, and DF40, compared with D. salina CCAP 19/30 and D. salina UTEX 2538 (also known as D. bardawil). Although all three new strains have been genetically characterized as Dunaliella salina strains, their ability to accumulate carotenoids and their capacity for photoprotection against high light stress are different. DF15 and UTEX 2538 reveal great potential for producing a large amount of β-carotene and maintained a high rate of photosynthesis under light of high intensity; however, DF17, DF40, and CCAP 19/30 showed increasing photoinhibition with increasing light intensity, and reduced contents of carotenoids, in particular β-carotene, suggesting that the capacity of photoprotection is dependent on the cellular content of carotenoids, in particular β-carotene. Strong positive correlations were found between the cellular content of all-trans β-carotene, 9-cis β-carotene, all-trans α-carotene and zeaxanthin but not lutein in the D. salina strains. Lutein was strongly correlated with respiration in photosynthetic cells and strongly related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll and respiration, suggesting an important and not hitherto identified role for lutein in coordinated control of the cellular functions of photosynthesis and respiration in response to changes in light conditions, which is broadly conserved in Dunaliella strains. Statistical analysis based on biochemical data revealed a different grouping strategy from the genetic classification of the strains. The significance of these data for strain selection for commercial carotenoid production is discussed.
Sex Steroid-Mediated Control of Oviductal Function in Cattle
Authors: Binelli Mario , Gonella-Diaza Angela , Mesquita Fernando , Membrive Claudia
Published: February 2018

In cattle, the oviduct is a tubular organ that connects the ovary and the uterus. The oviduct lumen stages a dynamic set of cellular and molecular interactions to fulfill the noble role of generating a new individual. Specific anatomical niches along the oviduct lumen provide the appropriate microenvironment for final sperm capacitation, oocyte capture and fertilization, and early embryo development and transport. To accomplish such complex tasks, the oviduct undergoes spatially and temporally-regulated morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes that are associated with endocrine events of the estrous cycle. Specifically, elevated periovulatory concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) influence gene expression and morphological changes that have been associated positively to fertility in beef cattle. In this review, we explore how E2 and P4 influence oviductal function in the beginning of the estrous cycle, and prepare the oviductal lumen for interactions with gametes and embryos.
Bringing the Next Generation of Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers to the Clinic
Authors: Cesano Alessandra , Warren Sarah
Published: February 2018

The recent successes in the use of immunotherapy to treat cancer have led to a multiplicity of new compounds in development. Novel clinical-grade biomarkers are needed to guide the choice of these agents to obtain the maximal likelihood of patient benefit. Predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy differ from the traditional biomarkers used for targeted therapies: the complexity of the immune response and tumour biology requires a more holistic approach than the use of a single analyte biomarker. This paper reviews novel biomarker approaches for the effective development of immune-oncology therapies, highlighting the promise of the advances in next-generation gene expression profiling that allow biologic information to be efficiently organized and interpreted for a maximum predictive value at the individual patient level.
Catalytic Activity Studies of Vanadia/Silica–Titania Catalysts in SVOC Partial Oxidation to Formaldehyde: Focus on the Catalyst Composition
Authors: Koivikko Niina , Laitinen Tiina , Mouammine Anass , Ojala Satu , Keiski Riitta
Published: February 2018

In this work, silica–titania supported catalysts were prepared by a sol–gel method with various compositions. Vanadia was impregnated on SiO2-TiO2 with different loadings, and materials were investigated in the partial oxidation of methanol and methyl mercaptan to formaldehyde. The materials were characterized by using N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), NH3-TPD, and Raman techniques. The activity results show the high importance of an optimized SiO2-TiO2 ratio to reach a high reactant conversion and formaldehyde yield. The characteristics of mixed oxides ensure a better dispersion of the active phase on the support and in this way increase the activity of the catalysts. The addition of vanadium pentoxide on the support lowered the optimal temperature of the reaction significantly. Increasing the vanadia loading from 1.5% to 2.5% did not result in higher formaldehyde concentration. Over the 1.5%V2O5/SiO2 + 30%TiO2 catalyst, the optimal selectivity was reached at 415 °C when the maximum formaldehyde concentration was ~1000 ppm.
Highly Selective Continuous Flow Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamyl Alcohol in a Pt/SiO2 Coated Tube Reactor
Authors: Bai Yang , Cherkasov Nikolay , Huband Steven , Walker David , Walton Richard , Rebrov Evgeny
Published: February 2018

A novel continuous flow process for selective hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde, CAL) to the unsaturated alcohol (cinnamyl alcohol, COL) has been reported in a tube reactor coated with a Pt/SiO2 catalyst. A 90% selectivity towards the unsaturated alcohol was obtained at the aldehyde conversion of 98.8%. This is a six-fold improvement in the selectivity compared to a batch process where acetals were the main reaction products. The increased selectivity in the tube reactor was caused by the suppression of acid sites responsible for the acetal formation after a short period on stream in the continuous process. In a fixed bed reactor, it had a similar acetal suppression phenomenon but showed lower product selectivity of about 47–72% due to mass transfer limitations. A minor change in selectivity and conversion caused by product inhibition was observed during the 110 h on stream with a turnover number (TON) reaching 3000 and an alcohol production throughput of 0.36 kg gPt−1 day−1 in the single tube reactor. The catalysts performance after eight reaction cycles was fully restored by calcination in air at 400 °C. The tube reactors provide an opportunity for process intensification by increasing the reaction rates by a factor of 2.5 at the reaction temperature of 150 °C compared to 90 °C with no detrimental effects on catalyst stability or product selectivity.
A Graphene-Based Microfluidic Platform for Electrocrystallization and In Situ X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Sui Shuo , Wang Yuxi , Dimitrakopoulos Christos , Perry Sarah
Published: February 2018

Here, we describe a novel microfluidic platform for use in electrocrystallization experiments. The device incorporates ultra-thin graphene-based films as electrodes and as X-ray transparent windows to enable in situ X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, large-area graphene films serve as a gas barrier, creating a stable sample environment over time. We characterize different methods for fabricating graphene electrodes, and validate the electrical capabilities of our device through the use of methyl viologen, a redox-sensitive dye. Proof-of-concept electrocrystallization experiments using an internal electric field at constant potential were performed using hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) as a model system. We observed faster nucleation and crystal growth, as well as a higher signal-to-noise for diffraction data obtained from crystals prepared in the presence of an applied electric field. Although this work is focused on the electrocrystallization of proteins for structural biology, we anticipate that this technology should also find utility in a broad range of both X-ray technologies and other applications of microfluidic technology.
Patent Keyword Extraction Algorithm Based on Distributed Representation for Patent Classification
Authors: Hu Jie , Li Shaobo , Yao Yong , Yu Liya , Yang Guanci , Hu Jianjun
Published: February 2018

Many text mining tasks such as text retrieval, text summarization, and text comparisons depend on the extraction of representative keywords from the main text. Most existing keyword extraction algorithms are based on discrete bag-of-words type of word representation of the text. In this paper, we propose a patent keyword extraction algorithm (PKEA) based on the distributed Skip-gram model for patent classification. We also develop a set of quantitative performance measures for keyword extraction evaluation based on information gain and cross-validation, based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification, which are valuable when human-annotated keywords are not available. We used a standard benchmark dataset and a homemade patent dataset to evaluate the performance of PKEA. Our patent dataset includes 2500 patents from five distinct technological fields related to autonomous cars (GPS systems, lidar systems, object recognition systems, radar systems, and vehicle control systems). We compared our method with Frequency, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), TextRank and Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction (RAKE). The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm provides a promising way to extract keywords from patent texts for patent classification.
Hot-Swappable Modular Converter System Control for Heterogeneous Batteries and ESS
Authors: Cha Dae-Seak , Choi Jung-Sik , Oh Seung-Yeol , Ahn Hyun-Jin , Lim Young-Cheol
Published: February 2018

This study proposes a modular bidirectional converter system for hot-swappable energy storage systems (ESSs). The proposed modular converter has a four-leg interleaved structure, and therefore it can reduce input current ripples and is suitable for secondary cells. Moreover, if any of the legs fails, hot-swap is available through phase control inside the converter. The modular converter uses an independently controllable battery as an input power source, allowing the charge and discharge control according to each stated of charge (SOC). The output voltage of the converter circumvents the module in the event of a high-voltage output control and a fault (exchange due to battery life, repair of converter) through the cascade-type bypass, thereby enabling continuous operation. The hot-swap operation of the proposed modular ESS converter system and the charge and discharge control algorithm according to battery SOC are verified by experiment.
Low-Cost Syngas Shifting for Remote Gasifiers: Combination of CO2 Adsorption and Catalyst Addition in a Novel and Simplified Packed Structure
Authors: Narváez C. Ricardo , Blanchard Richard , Dixon Roger , Ramírez Valeria , Chulde Diego
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the technical validation of a novel, low-complexity alternative based on the inclusion of a patented (IEPI-MU-2016-185) packed bed for improving the performance of remote, small-scale gasification facilities. This study was carried out in an updraft, atmospheric-pressure gasifier, outfitted with a syngas reflux line, air and oxygen feed, and an upper packed-bed coupled to the gasification unit to improve the syngas quality by catalytic treatment and CO2 adsorption. The experimental facility is located in the rural community San Pedro del Laurel, Ecuador. Gasification experiments, with and without packed material in the upper chamber, were performed to assess its effect on the syngas quality. The assessment revealed that the packed material increases the carbon monoxide (CO) content in the syngas outlet stream while carbon dioxide (CO2) was reduced. This option appears to be a suitable and low-complexity alternative for enhancing the content of energy vectors of syngas in gasification at atmospheric pressure since CO/CO2 ratios of 5.18 and 3.27 were achieved against reported values of 2.46 and 0.94 for operations which did not include the addition of packed material. It is concluded that the upper packed-bed is an active element able to modify syngas characteristics since CO2 content was reduced.
Experimental Study on Improvement of Performance by Wave Form Cathode Channels in a PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Byun Sun-Joon , Wang Zhen , Son Jun , Kwak Dong-Kurl , Kwon Young-Chul
Published: February 2018

We propose a wave-like design on the surface of cathode channels (wave form cathode channels) to improve oxidant delivery to gas diffusion layers (GDLs). We performed experiments using proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) combined with wave form surface design on cathodes. We varied the factors of the distance between wave-bumps (the adhesive distance, AD), and the size of the wave-bumps (the expansion ratio, ER). The ADs are three, four, and five times the size of the half-circle bump’s radius, and the ERs are two-thirds, one-half, and one-third of the channel’s height. We evaluated the performances of the fuel cells, and compared the current-voltage (I-V) relations. For comparison, we prepared PEMFCs with conventional flat-surfaced oxygen channels. Our aim in this work is to identify fuel cell operation by modifying the surface design of channels, and ultimately to find the optimal design of cathode channels that will maximize fuel cell performance.
Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with Alcohol-Soluble Zirconium(IV) Isopropoxide Cathode Buffer Layer
Authors: Luo Zhen , Yang Bo , Bai Yiming , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Tan Zhan’ao
Published: February 2018

Interfacial materials are essential to the performance and stability of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, solution-processed zirconium(IV) isopropoxide (Zr[OCH(CH3)2]4, ZrIPO) has been employed as an efficient cathode buffer layer between the Al cathode and photoactive layer. The ZrIPO buffer layer is prepared simply via spin-coating its isopropanol solution on the photoactive layer at room temperature without any post-treatment. When using ZrIPO/Al instead of the traditionally used Ca/Al cathode in PSCs, the short-circuit current density (Jsc) is significantly improved and the series resistance of the device is decreased. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the P3HT:PCBM-based device with ZrIPO buffer layer reaches 4.47% under the illumination of AM1.5G, 100 mW/cm2. A better performance with PCE of 8.07% is achieved when a low bandgap polymer PBDTBDD is selected as donor material. The results indicate that ZrIPO is a promising electron collection material as a substitute of the traditional low-work-function cathode for high performance PSCs.
Assessment and Public Reporting of Geothermal Resources in Germany: Review and Outlook
Authors: Agemar Thorsten , Weber Josef , Moeck Inga
Published: February 2018

Any geothermal resource assessment requires consistent and widely accepted terminology, methods, and reporting schemes that facilitate the comparison of geothermal resource estimates. This paper reviews common resource assessment methods, as well as reporting codes and terminology. Based on a rigorous analysis of the portrayed concepts and methods, it discusses the appropriateness of the existing reporting codes for sustainable utilization of geothermal resources in Germany. Since the last quantitative geothermal resource assessment in Germany was done 15 years ago, a revised report is overdue. Unlike fossil energy commodities, geothermal energy replenishes naturally and heat recuperation increases in created heat sinks. This replenishment process offers the opportunity for sustainable reservoir management in the case of moderate production rates or cyclic operation. Existing reporting codes, however, regard geothermal resources in a similar way to fossil resources or focus too much on field development rather than on the whole assessment process. In order to emphasize the renewability of geothermal energy, we propose the reporting of geothermal capacities (per doublet or per km2) instead of recoverable heat energy which depends very much on project lifetime and other factors. As a first step, a new classification scheme for geothermal resources and reserves is outlined.
Analysis of Combustion Process in Industrial Gas Engine with Prechamber-Based Ignition System
Authors: Ślefarski Rafał , Gołębiewski Michał , Czyżewski Paweł , Grzymisławski Przemysław , Wawrzyniak Jacek
Published: February 2018

Application of a pre-combustion chamber (PCC) ignition system is one of the methods to improve combustion stability and reduce toxic compounds emission, especially NOx. Using PCC allows the operation of the engine at lean combustion conditions or the utilization of low calorific gaseous fuels such as syngas or biogas. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the combustion process in two stroke, large bore, stationary gas engine GMVH 12 equipped with two spark plugs (2-SP) and a PCC ignition system. The experimental research has been performed during the normal operation of the engine in an industrial compression station. It was observed that application of PCC provides less cycle-to-cycle combustion variation (more than 10%) and nitric oxide and carbon monoxide emissions decreased to 60% and 26% respectively. The total hydrocarbon (THC) emission rate is 25% higher for the engine equipped with PCC, which results in roughly two percent engine efficiency decrease. Another important criterion of engine retrofitting was the PCC location in the engine head. The experimental results show that improvement of engine operating parameters was recorded only for a configuration with one port offset by 45° from the axis of the main chamber. The study of the ignition delay angle and equivalence ratio in PCC did not demonstrate explicit influence on engine performance.
Electricity Market Design in Croatia within the European Electricity Market—Recommendations for Further Development
Authors: Beus Mateo , Pavić Ivan , Štritof Ivona , Capuder Tomislav , Pandžić Hrvoje
Published: February 2018

One of the most important objectives of the European Union is the creation of an Internal Electricity Market (IEM) in Europe. Various national electricity market designs represent one of the major obstacles to the creation of IEM and it is necessary to coordinate national market designs among Member States in order to achieve that. Therefore, this paper gives a comprehensive overview of the electricity market design according to laws related to the electricity sector that are in force in Croatia. Additionally, the paper identifies key obstacles that hamper the development of a well-functioning electricity market in Croatia towards its further integration into the IEM. Since Croatian Power Exchange (CROPEX) is not coupled with any other power exchange, special attention was given to necessary prerequisites for market coupling with the Slovenian Power Exchange (BSP SouthPool) and with the Hungarian Power Exchange (HUPX).
Improved Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control for Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters
Authors: Chan Roh , Kwak Sangshin
Published: February 2018

In multilevel cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverters, the number of voltage vectors generated by the inverter quickly increases with increasing voltage level. However, because the sampling period is short, it is difficult to consider all the vectors as the voltage level increases. This paper proposes a model predictive control algorithm with reduced computational complexity and fast dynamic response for CHB inverters. The proposed method presents a robust approach to interpret a next step as a steady or transient state by comparing an optimal voltage vector at a present step and a reference voltage vector at the next step. During steady state, only an optimal vector at a present step and its adjacent vectors are considered as a candidate-vector subset. On the other hand, this paper defines a new candidate vector subset for the transient state, which consists of more vectors than those in the subset used for the steady state for fast dynamic speed; however, the vectors are less than all the possible vectors generated by the CHB inverter, for calculation simplicity. In conclusion, the proposed method can reduce the computational complexity without significantly deteriorating the dynamic responses.