bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UX Analysis on SpeedID Application Using Usability Testing Method and System Usability Scale
Authors: Arslayandi Fiqhan , Sudipa I Gede Iwan , Pramita Dewa Ayu Kadek , Suryawan I Gede Totok , Widiartha Komang Kurniawan
Published: July 2024

The SpeedID application is a smart city application developed by a subsidiary of PT Bamboomedia Cipta Persada, namely PT Inovasi Solusi Nusantara since 5 years ago. The SpeedID application wants to present a solution to the city's problems to become a new digital identity for the smart city community. Because it was only developed 5 years ago, the SpeedID application is classified as a new application and has never been analyzed for usability before. Usability analysis is carried out to improve user experience, so that the SpeedID application can be accepted and used more easily by users. This research uses Usability Testing method with Performance Measurement and Retrospective Think Aloud (RTA) techniques and System Usability Scale (SUS). The results obtained are the SpeedID application has a quality that cannot be said to be effective, efficient and meet user satisfaction. In addition, the average score of the System Usability Scale (SUS) Questionnaire is 70.33. The score is rated "C" with an adjective rating of "Good" with the acceptance range included in the "Marginal" category, and finally the net promotion score (NPS) is included in the "Passive" category, which explains that the use of the SpeedID application gets an assessment that is still marginalized by its users. This shows that the SpeedID application still urgently needs correction to improve quality to its users and design improvements also need to be made so that the SpeedID application is even better at meeting user expectations in the future.
Augmented Reality Learning Media Application In Computer Networking Courses
Authors: Adi Novi Hendri , Lubis Arina Luthfini , Basriadi Ali , Dewi Ika Parma , Wahdi Yera Wahda
Published: July 2024

In computer network learning, there is still little use of media which has an impact on students' understanding of device material and computer network topology. Augmented Reality (AR) based learning media can answer these problems by providing dynamic visualization and interactive simulations. The research objective is that AR applications can be used to help visualize abstract concepts for understanding and structure of an object model. The development method used is MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) which consists of six stages, namely concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. The results of the AR application research show that the value of the learning media application in terms of material is declared valid at 0.85 and in terms of design it is declared valid at 0.86. The AR application was also stated to be very practical, this can be seen from the responses of lecturers and students with the practicality of the learning media application being 87% as seen from ease, motivation, attractiveness, and usefulness. From the results of this research, the AR learning media application is very practical to apply to students, especially in computer networking courses.
Implementation of the K-Means Method for Clustering Regency/City in North Sumatra based on Poverty Indicators
Authors: Wardani Syafira Eka , Harahap Syaiful Zuhri , Muti’ah Rahma
Published: July 2024

Poverty has many negative effects on people's lives, such as difficulty meeting basic needs, limited access to adequate health and education services, and limited economic opportunities. North Sumatra faces significant poverty problems as one of the largest provinces in Indonesia. This requires special attention and a thorough investigation. Reducing poverty is a very important issue for the government of North Sumatra Province. Poverty-alleviation strategies can no longer be applied uniformly. Instead, it is necessary to consider all the factors that cause poverty in each region. This means that the approach that must be given to each regency or city based on its poverty level must be adjusted. To overcome this problem, clustering must be carried out to identify areas with different levels of welfare. The aim of this research is to cluster regencies and cities in North Sumatra Province using the K-means method based on poverty indicator variables. This research only uses three poverty indicators: gross regional domestic product, human development index, and unemployment rate. The optimal number of clusters is determined based on the results of the silhouette coefficient. The research method begins with dataset collection, exploratory data analysis, data preprocessing, and k-means clustering. The value k = 6 produces a silhouette coefficient of 0.4135. This research produced six regency/city clusters. Cluster 1 consists of 11 regencies and 1 city; cluster 2 consists of 1 regency and 2 cities; cluster 3 consists of 4 regencies; cluster 4 consists of 7 regencies; cluster 5 consists of 4 cities; and cluster 6 consists of 2 regencies and 1 city. The variables gross regional domestic product, human development index, and unemployment rate have a big influence on the cluster results. This will enable the government to adopt policies to tackle poverty quickly and effectively.
Ontology-based Food Menu Recommender System for Pregnant Women Using SWRL Rules
Authors: Fadillah Ichsan Alam , Baizal Z. K. A.
Published: July 2024

Pregnancy is a crucial period in a woman's life because her body must prepare and support the growth and development of the fetus. During pregnancy nutritional needs will increase. Lack of nutritional intake during pregnancy can cause serious health problems, one of which is anemia. However, excess nutrition during pregnancy also has a negative impact on pregnant women. Therefore, a recommender system is required to provide food menu recommendations according to the daily nutritional needs of pregnant women. Currently, there has been a lot of research on ontology-based food recommender systems that can provide food recommendations to users, but there is no research that specifically provides food menu recommendations that suit the needs of pregnant women. Therefore, in this research, we propose an ontology-based food menu recommender system using SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) rules for pregnant women. In this food menu recommender system, ontology is used to represent food knowledge and its nutritional content, and SWRL rules are used to reason logical rules in the ontology to determine the appropriate food menu for pregnant women. This recommender system also considers diseases and allergies that pregnant women have so that it can provide food menu recommendations that are more suitable for users. From 15 data samples from pregnant women, the system provides 75 food menu recommendations for pregnant women. Based on the validation results that have been carried out, the precision value is 0.986, the recall is 1, and the F1-score is 0.992.
Deployment of Web-Based YOLO for CT Scan Kidney Stone Detection
Authors: Ramadhani Adnin , Salam Abu
Published: July 2024

This research aims to develop a kidney stone object detection system using machine learning techniques like YOLO and object detection, integrated into a Flask-based web interface to support early diagnosis by medical professionals. The trained model demonstrates strong pattern learning capabilities. Evaluation of the public dataset model reveals an average mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.9698 for 'kidney stone' labels. This detection model exhibits high performance with an accuracy rate of 96.33%, precision of 96.98%, recall of 99.23%, and an F1-score of 98.1%. Clinical data evaluation shows that the YOLOv5-based detection system performs exceptionally well, with an average mAP of 0.9571, accuracy of 93.06%, precision of 95.71%, recall of 97.1%, and F1-score of 96.49%, indicating the model's capability to detect kidney stones with high precision and accuracy. Thus, both the evaluation on the public dataset and clinical dataset performance support accurate diagnosis processes and further treatment planning. Moreover, this research advances to the stage where the detection model can be directly utilized through implementation via Flask web deployment.
Decision Support System Using the TOPSIS Method in New Teacher Selection
Authors: Hts Dedek Indra Gunawan , Desi Efani , Aliyah Siti , Nasution Fitri Pranita , Indriani Ulfah , Edi Firman
Published: July 2024

Every school needs teachers who have good competence to educate students to become outstanding students. Getting teachers who have good competence is certainly not an easy thing, it must be a very strict selection process. This research aims to help determine teachers who are eligible to be accepted at IT Al Munadi Private Elementary School Medan by using the TOPSIS method. The selection consists of 5 criteria, namely education, microteaching, teaching experience, tahsin and memorization of the Koran. The TOPSIS method is widely used for Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) decision making. The TOPSIS method is used as a ranking to see teachers who have competencies that are worthy of acceptance. Based on the results of the TOPSIS calculation where there are 6 alternatives that have been determined, the results obtained are G6 in the first place with a preference value of 2.82, 2nd place with a preference value of 2.48, 3rd place with a preference value of 2.09, 4th place with a preference value of 1.72, 5th place with a preference value of 1.67, while the 6th place is G1 with a preference value of 1.00. It is hoped that the decision support system using TOPSIS can help schools in determining teachers who have good competence so as to produce outstanding students.
Enhancing Vehicle Routing Efficiency through Branch and Bound and Heuristic Methods
Authors: Mubarak Ahmad Zaki , Mawengkang Herman , Suwilo Saib
Published: July 2024

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a critical challenge in logistics, impacting delivery efficiency and costs. Traditional VRP solutions often fail to address real-world dynamics such as fluctuating traffic conditions and varying customer demands. This research proposes a novel VRP model integrating real-time data to enhance route optimization. By combining the precision of the Branch and Bound (B&B) approach with the flexibility of heuristics like Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing, the hybrid method dynamically adjusts routes based on live traffic and demand updates. The objective is to reduce operational costs and improve logistical performance. The hybrid model’s effectiveness is validated through comparative analysis with traditional VRP solutions, demonstrating significant improvements in cost reduction, fuel consumption, vehicle wear and tear, and customer satisfaction due to timely deliveries. These advancements highlight the potential of real-time data integration and advanced optimization techniques in providing robust solutions for modern logistics challenges. Future research should focus on incorporating more advanced data sources and testing the model in various real-world scenarios to further enhance its practicality and performance, ensuring businesses remain competitive in a dynamic market. This study underscores the importance of continuous innovation in VRP solutions to achieve sustainable, efficient, and customer-centric logistics operations.
A CNN Model for ODOL Truck Detection
Authors: Arifuddin Nurul Afifah , Gusti Kharisma Wiati , Amalia Rifka Dwi
Published: July 2024

This study developed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model as one of artificial intelligence method to detect trucks experiencing over-dimension and over-loading (ODOL). The primary goal of this research is to enhance the efficiency of truck monitoring, reduce road infrastructure damage, and support the sustainability of transportation using artificial intelligence approaches. The model was trained using a dataset consisting of ODOL and non-ODOL truck images, and successfully achieved a testing accuracy of 94.23%. The confusion matrix analysis demonstrated the model's ability to classify trucks with high precision.  Additional testing on truck images not included in the training or testing dataset showed the model's potential for good generalization.
Integration of AHP and Modified VIKOR Method to Select the Optimum Destination Route
Authors: Simbolon Miranda Melania Nathasia , Gultom Parapat , Rosmaini Elly
Published: July 2024

One common approach to rating options is group decision making using many criteria. Here, we use the same criteria to evaluate each option. Sometimes, decision makers are faced with some situations where they have to choose from a set of alternatives that have several different criteria. Thus, the decision maker cannot use a common method. Therefore, in this research, a modification to a method is carried out. To address the issue of developing alternate routes to Medan City's historical tourism attractions, the AHP and VIKOR approaches have been suggested. When considering options with both specific and broad requirements, this study adapts the VIKOR technique to find a workable solution. In order to demonstrate the suggested model's use and evaluate the efficacy of this approach change, this study offers numerical examples based on case studies. The findings demonstrate that the revised approach is both practical and efficient.
Classification of Breast Cancer with Transfer Learning on Convolutional Neural Network Models
Authors: Wijaya Bayu Angga , Hulu Mesrawati , Resel Resel , Halawa Nestina , Tarigan Angki Angkota
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer is a serious medical condition and a leading cause of death among women. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study explores the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Transfer Learning using DenseNet121 and ResNet50 models to enhance breast cancer classification via mammography. Transfer Learning enables CNN models to leverage knowledge learned from larger datasets such as ImageNet to improve performance on specific breast cancer datasets. The dataset comprised medical images with three breast variations: benign, malignant, and normal, totaling 531 data points. Data was split with a 70% training and 30% validation ratio. Two CNN models, AlexNet and ResNet50, were evaluated to compare their performance in classifying these breast cancer types. The experimental results show that AlexNet achieved a training accuracy of 98.01%, while ResNet50 achieved 64.07%. AlexNet demonstrated superior performance in identifying complex patterns in mammography images, resulting in more accurate classification of different breast cancer types. These findings highlight the potential of deep learning applications to support more precise and effective medical diagnostics for breast cancer. This research contributes significantly to the development of AI technologies in healthcare aimed at improving early detection of breast cancer. The implications of this study could expand our understanding of Transfer Learning applications in medical contexts, driving further advancements in this field to enhance patient care and prognosis
Change of epidermal barrier parameters and biomechanical parameters of the skin in children with atopic dermatitis during the use of a lipid-restoring cream containing biotic complex
Authors: Zaslavsky D. V. , Taganov A. V. , Molochkov A. V. , Zaslavskaya E. D. , Belenkova Ju. B. , Klimova K. A. , Kozlova D. V.
Published: July 2024

Emollients are an integral part of the therapy for patients with atopic dermatitis. The most effective will be the new generation of emollients – emollients plus, which normalize the skin microbiome. Their effectiveness can be assessed by determining the parameters of the epidermal barrier (hydratation, sebum level, pH) and skin elasticity.

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a lipid-restoring cream containing a biotic complex LE SANTI in children with atopic dermatitis.

Material and methods. From August to December, 25 children (9 girls, 36 % and 16 boys, 64 %) aged from 3 to 17 years (average age 9.2 years) with atopic dermatitis participated in an observational program to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a lipid-restoring cream LE SANTI. For 21 days, patients applied the cream twice a day, they had 6 visits, during which was collected their medical history, adverse events, physical examination, determined indicators of the epidermal barrier (hydratation, sebum content, pH), biomechanical characteristics (skin elasticity), and also severity of disease (SCORAD) and quality of life (CDLQI). At visit 6, patients were assessed for satisfaction with the use of the cream.

Results. All participants of the observation program completed their participation on time. As part of the observational program, there was an increase in skin hydration and sebum level by 3 and 3.5 times, respectively, pH level turned to the acidic values by 18%, an increase in elasticity by 30%, a decrease in SCORAD and CDLQI indices by 1.9 times or more 3 times respectively. The patients did not experience any adverse events; the satisfaction rating from the use of the cream was 4.78/5.

Conclusions. Lipid-restoring cream LE SANTI can be recommended for inclusion in the treatment regimen for atopic dermatitis as a basic external agent that meets all the requirements for effectiveness and safety for children with atopic dermatitis, as well as basic care during remission.
The effect of exposure factors on acne
Authors: Gryazeva N. V. , Bezborodova A. V. , Kazaryan V. E. , Kruglova M. S.
Published: July 2024

The skin, being a border organ that provides a protective function and is constantly exposed to the environment. In the scientific literature, the generally accepted term “exposome factors” is used to describe exogenous factors. By influencing the skin barrier and skin microbiota, they have a significant impact on the course of acne, which is confirmed by numerous studies. The term “exposure” is understood as the total measure of exposure to the environment and associated biological reactions on a person throughout life. Identification of the most common factors that increase the risk of developing acne and reducing their impact on the skin is an integral part in solving the problem of acne treatment. The article presents data from a literature review and our own research on the influence of exposure factors on the course of acne.
Efficacy of modern methods for assessing the severity of alopecia areata
Authors: Matushevskaya E. V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of the standardized SALT scale to determine the severity of AA patients.

Materials and methods. A one-time retrospective cohort study was conducted. There were 40 patients with AA under supervision. The gender distribution of the patients was as follows: 15 men (36.6%) and 25 (63.3%) women. The average age was 29.4 years in the 18–54 age range.

Results. The AA debut varied widely in age range from 2 to 45 years. The average age at which the pathological process began was 18,2±4,4 years. 22.4% of patients with a scalp hair area of more than 25%, as well as hair loss in other areas of the body and changes in the nail.The beginning of AA is fixed to 10 years. More than two relapses occurred in 54.5% of patients with scalp hair lesions of more than 25% and only 9.2% of cases with foetal AA.The following clinical forms were diagnosed: foetal (12 patients), lenticular (ophiasis, inversive ophiasis) (7 patients), multi-focal (11 patients), total and universal (10 patients). According to the SBN Hair Loss State scale, S1 clinically corresponded to focal alopecia, S2 -S4 – ophazis, multi-focal alopecia, S5 – TA and UA. Partial or complete hair loss has been noted in these areas in 38% of patients with S2-S3 and 67% with S4-S5 clinical forms. The combination of different degrees of body hair loss and dystrophy of nail plates in examined AA patients was observed in 25% of cases.

Conclusion. In determining the severity of alopecia nest principally not only the size and number of lesions on the skin scalp, but also the nature of hair loss on the skin of the eyebrows and eyelashes, as well as the possible combination of hair loss and dystrophic altered nail plates, which is considered an option for a more severe course of the disease. The SBN system effectively evaluates and describes the clinical variant of AA according to a standardized scale, which can help determine clinical management of patients with different manifestations, as well as predict the course of the disease.
Itch prevalence analysis and its characteristics among acne patients
Authors: Lvov A. N. , Sidorenko E. E. , Sidorenko O. A.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Acne is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicle, which manifests itself as open and closed comedones, papules, pustules and nodules.

Purpose of the study. Studying of itch prevalence among patients with acne, as well as assessing its impact on their quality of life and psychoemotional status.

Materials and methods. Under observation were 249 patients diagnosed with acne aged from 12 to 50 years, of which 143 women (57.4%), 106 men (42.6%). Patients were diagnosed based on complaints, anamnesis and clinical picture of the disease. To assess the impact of itching on the quality of life, the Acne Psychological and Social Effect Scale (APSEA), the Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Cardiff Social Disadaptation Index (CADI), the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and a self-developed questionnaire were used to assess the impact of itching on the quality of life. Questionnaire, YOUR itch.

Results. To solve these problems, based on the criteria for inclusion, non-inclusion and exclusion, two clinical comparison groups were formed, comparable in terms of main clinical diagnostic indicators. The first group consisted of patients with itching due to acne (64 people, 26% of subjects), the second group consisted of patients with no itching (185 people, 74% of subjects). According to the results of the study, a statistically significant relationship between the presence of itching in acne and age, gender, the presence of obesity, impaired carbohydrate tolerance, iron deficiency anemia, hyperprolactinemia was revealed, various characteristics of itching in the subjects were described, and a close correlation of the indicators of the indices used was revealed.

Conclusions. Studying the prevalence of itching in acne is a relevant area and allows us to expand our understanding of the role of subjective sensations in the development of acne and further evaluate the impact of this dermatosis on the quality of life of patients.
Comparative characteristics of the effectiveness of drugs for the treatment of alopecia areata in childhood
Authors: Murashkin N. N. , Dogov A. M.
Published: July 2024

Alopecia areata (АА) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with an established genetic predisposition, which is based on the lesion of hair follicles, leading to persistent or temporary hair loss. To date, treatment of АA in children, is limited to the use in most cases of external hormonal therapy in the form сream or the prescription of intradermal injections of GCS in outpatient conditions. However, data on the effectiveness of this group of drugs in severe forms of AA flow are not fully studied. There is an open question of the choice of the most preferred drug in patients simultaneously with a severe flow of AA and a severe form of atopic dermatitis. Another interesting variant of treatment of AA is the drug Dupilumab. (blocker IL-4 and IL-13). The mechanism of action of dupilumab at АA remains unknown, and its effect on TH-type 2 is assumed.

Purpose of the study. To conduct a comparative performance characterization of: external GCS (Clobetazole) and injectable GCS (Betamethazone) for treatment of AA in children; Tofacitinib treatment for children with alopecia and the presence or absence of atopic dermatitis in the form of a concomitant disease; use of Dupilumaba to treat children with AA.

Materials and methods. The research sample includes 420 patients. By the nature of the lesion, we considered three types of alopecia: spotted, total and universal. Patient data is taken from the register of AA patients in children. [13]. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed on the scale SALT [14]. Patients were monitored for six months.

Results. Use of intradermal injections GKS (Betamethazone), more effective than outdoor GKS (Clobetazole). In patients with atopic dermatitis, the efficacy of Tofacitinib for AA treatment is reliably higher than in patients without atopic dermatitis. Dupilumab may be a drug of choice for treating patients with a total and universal form of AA.

Conclusion. Additional randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the long-term efficacy of drugs such as Tofacitinib and Dupilumab.
Laser technologies in the treatment of patients with a combination of rosacea subtypes: comparative data
Authors: Rodina A. L. , Matushevskaya Yu. I. , Sofinskaya G. V.
Published: July 2024

Phototechnologies occupy a leading position in the treatment of patients with rosacea. The most effective technologies are laser: pulsed dye laser (585nm, 595nm) and neodymium laser (1064nm), however, issues of comparative analysis, including in patients with a combination of rosacea subtypes, require further study.

Material and methods. We observed 64 patients with diagnosed rosacea with a combination of subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular. Among them, 48 (75%) were female and 16 (25%) were male. The age of the patients varied widely: from 31 to 57 years, the average age was 39.2±4.6 years. The average duration of the disease was 5.1±2.3 years. Depending on the therapy, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 received treatment with a neodymium laser, group 2 – treatment with a pulsed dye laser.

Research results. A cumulative assessment taking into account clinical research methods with a sufficient degree of reliability revealed the advantages of a neodymium laser over a pulsed dye laser, regardless of the clinical picture of rosacea, which was confirmed by the dynamics of the IGA/PGA indices: reduction in group 1 was 79.5%/66.7%, in group 2–63.2%/51.3%, respectively. These data were confirmed by the dynamics of the DIQI index – 81.7% and 61.6%, respectively.
The Role and Mechanism of Autoantibodies in Dysimmunity Related Neurological Diseases
Authors: Xu Yongchao , Zhao Wenshan , Shan Jiali , Zhang Yi , Gong Yuqing , Wang Leping , Ye Jialu , Dong Jiawen , Chen Yalun , Ye Yuyang , Jin Keting , Hong Jinhui , Ke Qiang , Zhang Kaibo
Published: July 2024

Autoantibodies are antibodies produced by B cells capable of attacking their own tissues or organs after loss of immune tolerance. A large body of literature shows that autoantibodies play an important role in neurological diseases associated with immune abnormalities. Nowadays, neurological disorders are an important cause of disability and death in populations around the world, so it is important to study the role and mechanisms of autoantibodies in neurological disorders associated with immune abnormalities. The blood-brain barrier is biologically important for maintaining the normal physiological state of the central nervous system, and we have previously found that monoclonal autoantibodies of SLE origin can inhibit the expression of tight junction proteins in the blood-brain barrier. Our findings provide clues for the study of the role of autoantibodies in neurological disorders and greatly attract us to conduct a more in-depth and systematic review and synthesis. In this paper, we summarize the functions of autoantibodies in autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases and focus on the roles and mechanisms of autoantibodies in immune-associated neurological disorders by taking central and peripheral neurological diseases as the entry points, which can provide new molecular targets and new theoretical basis for the specific diagnosis and targeted therapy of neurological diseases.
ПАЛЕОАНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СПРАВКА ПО ПОГРЕБЕНИЮ ИЗ ЯБЛОНОВО-4
Authors: Рашковская Юлия , Ерохин Александр , Харламова Наталья , Васильев Сергей
Published: July 2024

The article gives a brief paleoanthropological characteristic of an individual from the archaeological heritage site Yablonovo-4 settlement, Lipetsk Oblast, Russia. The site dates back to the Middle Ages. The craniological (Alekseev&Debets), osteological (Alekseev) and dental metric and nonmetric data (Zubov&ASUDAS) of an adult male, 25–30 years old is presented. According to the study, the individual has a brachycranic skull. Most of the measurements of the skull fall into average category by Alekseev&Debets. The long bones are massive; the dental morphology traits of the Yablonovo 4 individual tend to be like the ones of the Western odontological stock (Zubov classification).
СКЕЛЕТ МУЖЧИНЫ С ТЕРРИТОРИИ ДРЕВНЕРУССКОГО ГОРОДА-КРЕПОСТИ КРОМЫ
Authors: Рашковская Юлия , Вуколов Дмитрий , Харламова Наталья , Васильев Сергей
Published: July 2024

During the development of the scientific topic «Verkhovskie Principalities» of the XIV - early XV centuries (by A.V. Erokhin and D.S. Vukolov) a burial was found on the territory of the medieval fortress city of Kroma (modern Oryol region), which can date from both ancient Russian and modern times (before the XVIII century). The article presents an individual paleoanthropological description according to classical craniological, odontological and osteological methods. To sum up, in the burial there was an adult man of 40-45 years old, Caucasian appearance, below medium height, with massive tibia. The distinctive features of the man’s appearance were the protruding right upper canine, the congenital absence of the left second upper incisor and the lifetime loss of the right upper incisors. Moreover, the individual belongs to the Western odontological trunk, groups with strongly differentiated first lower premolars. The man suffered from osteochondrosis, had carious lesion9s of the teeth. There is hypoplasia on the tooth enamel, lifetime chips and strong deposits of tartar. The role of the city of Kroma in the development of Russian history is extremely important, so additional research is required to identify bone remains in the near future.
Effective mechanical potential of cell–cell interaction in tissues harboring cavity and in cell sheet toward morphogenesis
Authors: Koyama Hiroshi , Okumura Hisashi , Otani Tetsuhisa , Ito Atsushi M. , Nakamura Kazuyuki , Kato Kagayaki , Fujimori Toshihiko
Published: July 2024

Measuring mechanical forces of cell–cell interactions is important for studying morphogenesis in multicellular organisms. We previously reported an image-based statistical method for inferring effective mechanical potentials of pairwise cell–cell interactions by fitting cell tracking data with a theoretical model. However, whether this method is applicable to tissues with non-cellular components such as cavities remains elusive. Here we evaluated the applicability of the method to cavity-harboring tissues. Using synthetic data generated by simulations, we found that the effect of expanding cavities was added to the pregiven potentials used in the simulations, resulting in the inferred effective potentials having an additional repulsive component derived from the expanding cavities. Interestingly, simulations by using the effective potentials reproduced the cavity-harboring structures. Then, we applied our method to the mouse blastocysts, and found that the inferred effective potentials can reproduce the cavity-harboring structures. Pairwise potentials with additional repulsive components were also detected in two-dimensional cell sheets, by which curved sheets including tubes and cups were simulated. We conclude that our inference method is applicable to tissues harboring cavities and cell sheets, and the resultant effective potentials are useful to simulate the morphologies.
Climatology, trends, and future projections of aerosol optical depth over the Middle East and North Africa region in CMIP6 models
Authors: Kunchala Ravi Kumar , Attada Raju , Karumuri Rama Krishna , Seelanki Vivek , Singh Bhupendra Bahadur , Ashok Karumuri , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

This study assesses the aerosol optical depth (AOD) from historical simulations (2003–2014) and future climate scenarios (2015–2100) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) over the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Multi-model mean (MME) AOD statistics are generated as the average of those from the five best-performing CMIP6 models, which reproduce observational climate statistics. These models were selected based on the validation of various climate metrics, including strong pattern correlations with observations (>0.8). The resulting MME reproduces the observed AOD seasonal cycle well. The observed positive trends (summer and annual) over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) and negative trends (winter) over North Africa are well captured by MME, as regional meteorological drivers associated with observed AOD trends, with few discrepancies. Crucially, the MME fails to capture the AOD trends over North West Africa (NWA). For MENA and NWA regions, two high-emission scenarios, SSP370 and SSP585, project a continuous rise in the annual mean AOD until the end of the century. In contrast, the low-emission scenarios, SSP126 and SSP245, project a decreasing AOD trend. Interestingly, the projected future AOD area-averaged over the AP region varies significantly across all four scenarios in time. Notably, a substantial decrease of about 8–10% in the AOD is projected by the SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585 scenarios at the end of the century (2080–2100) relative to the current period. This projected decrease in annual-mean AOD, including the frequency of extreme AOD years under SSP585, is potentially associated with a concurrent increase in annual-mean rainfall over the AP.
Extracting typing game keystroke patterns as potential indicators of programming aptitude
Authors: Nakada Toyohisa , Miura Motoki
Published: July 2024

This study attempted to determine whether individuals possess programming aptitude solely based on keystroke information from typing games where participants type computer programs. The participants were students enrolled in university programming courses. The results indicated that using typing speed alone as an indicator achieved an accuracy of 0.71, while employing a custom machine learning model achieved an accuracy of 0.83. Additionally, it was found that individuals with programming aptitude tended to type the enter key relatively slower compared to other keys.
Is intraoperative parathyroid monitoring during minimally invasive parathyroidectomy still justified?
Authors: Hargitai Lindsay , Boryshchuk Daniela , Arikan Melisa , Binter Teresa , Scheuba Christian , Riss Philipp
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disease. With parathyroidectomy, a cure rate of over 95% at initial surgery is reported. Localization of the abnormal parathyroid gland is critical for the operation to be successful. The aim of this study is to analyze data of patients with single gland disease (SGD) and positive concordant localization imaging undergoing minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) and intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) to evaluate if IOPTH is still justified in patients with localized SGD.

Methods

A retrospective database analysis of all minimally invasive operations with IOPTH for PHPT and positive concordant localization in ultrasound (US) and 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy (MIBI) between 2016-2021. When both US and MIBI were negative, patients underwent either choline or methionine PET-CT. The patients were also analyzed a second time without applying IOPTH.

Results

In total, 198 patients were included in the study. The sensitivity of US, MIBI and PET-CT was 96%, 94% and 100%, respectively. Positive predictive value was 88%, 89% and 94% with US, MIBI and PET-CT, respectively. IOPTH was true positive in 185 (93.4%) patients. In 13 (6.6%) patients, no adequate IOPTH decline was observed after localizing and extirpating the assumed enlarged parathyroid gland. Without IOPTH, the cure rate decreased from 195 (98.5%) to 182 (92%) patients and the rate of persisting disease increased from 2 (1.0%) to 15 (7.5%) patients.

Conclusion

Discontinuing IOPTH significantly increases the persistence rate by a factor of 7.5 in patients with concordantly localized adenoma. Therefore, IOPTH appears to remain necessary even for this group of patients.
Clinical features and prognosis of patients with anti-GBM disease combined with mesangial IgA deposition
Authors: Ning Wei , Zhao Ya-fei , Liu Ya-ru , Qi Yuan-yuan , Zhao Zhan-zheng
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Anti-GBM diseases with IgA deposition in the mesangial region are rarely described.The factors influencing renal prognosis in patients with anti-GBM disease combined with mesangial IgA deposition are unknown.

Methods

We searched the pathological reports of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2015 to 2023 and found that a total of 72 patients with the anti-GBM disease and 25 patients combined with mesangial IgA deposition. We studied the clinical and pathological features, renal prognosis, and the factors affecting renal prognosis in patients with anti-GBM disease combined with mesangial IgA deposition.

Results

Their median age was 44 years, and their age distribution was unimodal. The proportion of oliguria or anuria in patients with anti-GBM disease combined with mesangial IgA deposition was significantly lower than that in patients with classic anti-GBM disease (13.04 vs. 42.31%, p=0.030). Their 24-hour urinary protein excretion was significantly higher [median:3.25 vs. 1.12g/24h, Interquartile range(IQR):1.032~3.945 vs. 0.63~1.79g/24h, p=0.020], serum creatinine (SCr) level at the initial diagnosis was lower(median:456.0 vs. 825.5μmol/L, IQR:270.0~702.0 vs. 515.8~1231.2μmol/L, p=0.002), peak SCr level was lower (median: 601.0 vs. 907.2μmol/L, IQR: 376.5~937.0 vs. 607.0~1361.2μmol/L, p=0.007), and their serum complement 3(C3) level was higher(median: 1.275 vs. 1.015g/L, IQR:1.097~1.462 vs. 0.850~1.220g/L, p=0.027). They had better renal outcomes during follow-up (p<0.001). After adjustment for hypertension, oliguria or anuria, and crescents%, IgA deposition in the mesangial region was still an independent protective factor (p=0.003) for ESRD in anti-GBM patients. Hypertension (p=0.026) and SCr levels at initial diagnosis (p=0.004) were risk factors for renal prognosis in patients with anti-GBM disease combined with mesangial IgA deposition.

Discussion

Patients with anti-GBM disease combined with mesangial IgA deposition have less severe renal impairment and better renal prognosis than patients with classic anti-GBM disease.
Advancing bladder cancer management: development of a prognostic model and personalized therapy
Authors: Huang Xiang , Du Guotu , Yang Ying , Su Peng , Chen Shicheng , Cai Chongjiong , Huang Tianyu , Zeng Yu , Tao Yonggang , Tian Demei , Zhang Neng
Published: July 2024

Background

Bladder cancer (BLCA) was recognized as a significant public health challenge due to its high incidence and mortality rates. The influence of molecular subtypes on treatment outcomes was well-acknowledged, necessitating further exploration of their characterization and application. This study was aimed at enhancing the understanding of BLCA by mapping its molecular heterogeneity and developing a robust prognostic model using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data. Additionally, immunological characteristics and personalized treatment strategies were investigated through the risk score.

Methods

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from GSE135337 and bulk RNA-seq data from several sources, including GSE13507, GSE31684, GSE32894, GSE69795, and TCGA-BLCA, were utilized. Molecular subtypes, particularly the basal-squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype associated with poor prognosis, were identified. A prognostic model was constructed using LASSO and Cox regression analyses focused on genes linked with the Ba/Sq subtype. this model was validated across internal and external datasets to ensure predictive accuracy. High- and low-risk groups based on the risk score derived from TCGA-BLCA data were analyzed to examine their immune-related molecular profiles and treatment responses.

Results

Six molecular subtypes were identified, with the Ba/Sq subtype being consistently associated with poor prognosis. The prognostic model, based on basal-squamous subtype-related genes (BSSRGs), was shown to have strong predictive performance across diverse clinical settings with AUC values at 1, 3, and 5 years indicating robust predictability in training, testing, and entire datasets. Analysis of the different risk groups revealed distinct immune infiltration and microenvironments. Generally higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) scores and lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores were exhibited by the low-risk group, suggesting varied potentials for systemic drug response between the groups. Finally, significant differences in potential systemic drug response rates were also observed between risk groups.

Conclusions

The study introduced and validated a new prognostic model for BLCA based on BSSRGs, which was proven effective in prognosis prediction. The potential for personalized therapy, optimized by patient stratification and immune profiling, was highlighted by our risk score, aiming to improve treatment efficacy. This approach was promised to offer significant advancements in managing BLCA, tailoring treatments based on detailed molecular and immunological insights.
Human liver derived mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate murine ischemia-induced inflammation through macrophage polarization
Authors: Liang Yun , Ozdogan Elif , Hansen Michael J. , Tang Hui , Saadiq Ishran , Jordan Kyra L. , Krier James D. , Gandhi Deep B. , Grande Joseph P. , Lerman Lilach O. , Taner Timucin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been well-characterized in in-vitro and in-vivo models. We have previously shown that liver MSC (L-MSC) are superior inhibitors of T-cell activation/proliferation, NK cell cytolytic function, and macrophage activation compared to adipose (A-MSC) and bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC) in-vitro.

Method

To test these observations in-vivo, we infused these types of MSC into mice with unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS), an established model of kidney inflammation. Unilateral RAS was induced via laparotomy in 11-week-old, male 129-S1 mice under general anesthesia. Control mice had sham operations. Human L-MSC, AMSC, and BM-MSC (5x105 cells each) or PBS vehicle were injected intra-arterially 2 weeks after surgery. Kidney morphology was studied 2 weeks after infusion using micro-MRI imaging. Renal inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and MSC retention were studied ex-vivo utilizing western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistological analyses.

Results

The stenotic kidney volume was smaller in all RAS mice, confirming significant injury, and was improved by infusion of all MSC types. All MSC-infused groups had lower levels of plasma renin and proteinuria compared to untreated RAS. Serum creatinine improved in micetreated with BM- and L-MSC. All types of MSC located to and were retained within the stenotic kidneys, but L-MSC retention was significantly higher than A- and BM-MSC. While all groups of MSC-treated mice displayed reduced overall inflammation and macrophage counts, L-MSC showed superior potency in-vivo at localizing to the site of inflammation and inducing M2 (reparative) macrophage polarization to reduce inflammatory changes.

Discussion

These in-vivo findings extend our in-vitro studies and suggest that L-MSC possess unique anti-inflammatory properties that may play a role in liver-induced tolerance and lend further support to their use as therapeutic agents for diseases with underlying inflammatory pathophysiology.
Morphometric characteristics of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and finfish bycatch in the krill fishery in the waters of South Orkney Islands during the 2022/23 fishing season
Authors: Wang Zhongqiu , Ma Shuo , Wang Yongjin , Wang Lumin
Published: July 2024

Determination of bar spacing of bycatch reduction devices (BRDs) should consider species composition and morphometric characteristics (particularly width) of target species krill and bycatch. This study conducted a scientific investigation of the finfish bycatch in the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) trawl fishery by the fishing vessel SHEN LAN in the waters surrounding the South Orkney Islands from December 24, 2022, to February 20, 2023. The results show that scientific observers sampled 676 individuals of finfish bycatch. Of these, 665 were identified to species (17 species from 8 families), while the remaining 11 specimen were juveniles of the Nototheniidae family that could not be identified to the species level. IRI (index of relative importance) calculations showed three dominant (IRI value greater than 1,000) finfish bycatch species (Champsocephalus gunnari, Pseudochaenichthys georgianus, and C. aceratus from the Channichthyidae family) and four important (IRI value between 1,000 and 100) finfish bycatch species (Electrona carlsbergi and Gymnoscopelus nicholsi from the Myctophidae family, Gobionotothen gibberifrons from the Nototheniidae family, and Notolepis coatsi from the Paralepididae family). Our study provides morphometric data (particularly body width) that is crucial to model the potential for bycatch reduction by use of bycatch reduction devices (BRDs) and to determine the appropriate candidate bar spacings for BRD sea trials. Predictions suggest that a 10 mm (the maximum body width of krill) bar spacing releases a significant amount of dominant and important bycatch species (93.94% of C. gunnari, 53.99% of P. georgianus, 76.25% of C. aceratus, and 100% of G. gibberifrons). Reduced fishing pressure would reduce the risks to dominant and important bycatch species to make the krill fishery sustainable. We recommend that future BRD sea trials should initially test a 10 mm bar spacing. If marked loss of krill is observed, wider spacings (e.g. 15 mm) must be tested.