bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of 1T-, 1T′-, and 1H-MX2 monolayers and their 1H/1T′-MX2 (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se, Te) heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Yue-Jiao , Wang Rui-Ning , Dong Guo-Yi , Wang Shu-Fang , Fu Guang-Sheng , Wang Jiang-Long
Published: December 2019

Mechanical properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are of vital importance in any practical applications to flexible devices and nano-electromechanical systems. Thus, the mechanical properties of monolayer TMDCs, a stoichiometric formula MX2 in which M = Mo, W and X = S, Se, Te, are investigated by using density functional theory. More importantly, based on the different atomic arrangement, all three chemical isomers, such as 1T, 1T′, and 1H phases, are compared in detail. We found that their 2D Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios display a strong dependence not only on the atomic species but also on the atomic arrangements. For the same structural phase, monolayer TMDCs with the W (S) atom are found to be much stiffer in each chalcogenide (metal) group. Due to the threefold rotation symmetry of the hexagonal lattice, 1T- and 1H-TMDC monolayers belong to the isotropic structures, while the strong anisotropic Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios are observed in the 1T′ phase, i.e., 2D Young’s moduli along the armchair direction are nearly 50% larger than those along the zigzag direction for tellurides. Interestingly, 1T-TMDC monolayers show negative Poisson’s ratios. Furthermore, their in-plane 1H/1T′ heterostructures could be constructed, and the corresponding mechanical properties are explored. We found that the influence of the 1H/1T′ interface on the mechanical behavior is detrimental, which reduces the in-plane stiffness normal to the 1H/1T′ interface as compared with 1H and 1T′ structures. However, in comparison with the 1T′ phase, a remarkable strength of these novel heterostructures is along the 1H/1T′ interface direction. In brief, the present first-principles results constitute a useful picture for the mechanical properties of 2D TMDCs and their in-plane heterostructures.
Creating highly charged ions of very rare isotopes
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: December 2019

Researchers have developed a new technique to produce highly charged ions of rare isotopes, which they plan to use in neutrino mass studies.
The network architecture of rat intrinsic interbrain (diencephalic) macroconnections
Authors: Swanson Larry W. , Sporns Olaf , Hahn Joel D.
Published: December 2019

The endbrain and interbrain form 2 great vertebrate forebrain divisions, and the interbrain is subdivided into the hypothalamus ventrally and thalamus dorsally. General organizing principles of intrainterbrain axonal circuitry were examined here at the level of gray matter regions using network analysis tools in a mammal with the most complete available dataset—before examining interbrain input–output relationships with other nervous system parts. The dataset was curated expertly from the neuroanatomical literature using experimental axonal pathway-tracing methods, and evidence from 74,242 connection reports indicates the existence of 10,836 macroconnections of the possible 49,062 macroconnections between the 222 gray matter regions forming the right and left halves of the interbrain. Two identical sets of 6 putative hubs were identified in the intrainterbrain network and form a continuous tissue mass in a part of the right and left medial hypothalamus associated functionally with physiological mechanisms controlling bodily functions. The intrainterbrain network shows only weak evidence of small-world attributes, rich club organization is absent, and multiresolution consensus cluster analysis indicates a solution with only 3 top-level subsystems or modules. In contrast, a previous analysis employing the same methodology to the significantly denser 244-node intraendbrain network revealed 2 identical sets of 13 hubs, small-world and rich club attributes, and 4 top-level subsystems. These differences in intrinsic network architecture across subdivisions suggest that intrinsic connections shape regional functional specialization to a varying extent, in part driven by differences in density and centrality, with extrinsic input–output connectivity playing a greater role in subdivisions that are sparser and less centralized.
Linking insect pest models with climate change scenarios to project against future risks of agricultural insect pests.
Authors: Choudhary J. S. , Madhumita Kumari Madhumita Kumari , Fand B. B.
Published: December 2019

The linking of climate projections and insect pest models is an important step for determining effective management and counter-measures. There is an urgent need to link pest models and climate change projections for a better understanding of the outcomes of climate change-inflicted variations in future pest status. The present review aims to summarize the insect pest models that have been linked with global circulation model-based climate change scenarios and also provide a reference for future risk evaluation of agriculturally and horticulturally important insect pests. Further, discussions are also included on linking of climatic pattern matching function and process-based climatic response-type models with climate change scenarios for understanding the impact of model selection on pest status. Most simulation models use projected temperature as the main driver to run for pest risk. A total of 29 climatic pattern matching and 19 phenology-based simulation studies for insect pest risk, mainly available from USA, China, Australia, India, New Zealand and Slovenia, met the criterion of linking pest models with climate change projections. Most of the studies considered only one or few GCM-based climate change projections. No study has been simulated with an option of management components. The present review suggests that insect pest modelling for future pest risk should include more GCMs with several climatic factors by also considering the cropping systems of a particular area.
Current status and potential risks of established alien fish species in China
Authors: Luo Du , Wei Hui , Chaichana Ratcha , Yang Dingtian , Gu Dangen , Mu Xidong , Xu Meng , Yang Yexin , Jin Shurui , Hu Yinchang
Published: December 2019

Alien fishes are regarded as one of the major causes of the decline of aquatic fauna and biodiversity. Up to now, more than 500 fish species have been introduced into China from other countries. However, nationwide documentation of the established alien fishes is still lacking and their ecological risk is unclear. We compiled a comprehensive inventory of the colonized alien fish species based on various sources, and then provided a summary of their potential ecological risk. The results indicated that 68 alien fish species (13.44%) have successfully established in the natural waters. These species belong to 12 orders and 29 families. Among them, 56 species (82.35%) were introduced for aquaculture purposes, 11 species (16.18%) were introduced for aquarium and one species (1.47%) was introduced for bio-control. Over 85% of the established fishes were introduced after the 1970s. Geographically, these species are native to 12 regions around the world. Eighteen species and two hybrid species are native to North America which is the most dominant donor. Among these species, 61 can live in freshwater, 41 species can live in brackish and 19 species can live in marine water. Although large number of species, high taxonomic diversity, intensive human activity, diverse geographical origins and high adaptability of non-native species may lead to the increase of invasion risk, previous research about invasive risk just focus on the general impact of aquaculture activities, invasiveness screening using semi-quantitative models and distribution prediction using species distribution models. Further studies will need to be conducted on comprehensive risk assessment, ecological interaction between non-native fish and new environment, on fish species, ecosystem, the impact of human activity and global change on non-native fish colonization.
Similarity Structure and Emergent Properties
Authors: Fletcher Samuel C.
Published: December 2019

The concept of emergence is commonly invoked in modern physics but rarely defined. Building on recent influential work by Jeremy Butterfield, I provide precise definitions of emergence concepts as they pertain to properties represented in models, applying them to some basic examples from space-time and thermostatistical physics. The chief formal innovation I employ, similarity structure, consists in a structured set of similarity relations among those models under analysis—and their properties—and is a generalization of topological structure. Although motivated from physics, this similarity-structure-based account of emergence applies to any science that represents its possibilia with (mathematical) models.
CCQM-K137, nitrogen monoxide (NO) in nitrogen
Authors: Viallon J , Flores E , Idrees F , Moussay P , Wielgosz R I , Oh S H , Lee S , Kim B M , Nieuwenkamp G , Veen A Van der , Efremova O V , Konopelko L A , Kustikov Y A , Kolobova A V , Shuguo H , Carney J , Kelley M E , Rhoderick G C , Hodges J T , Uehara S , Akima D , Brewer P , Worton D , Van Aswegen S , Macé T , Smeulders D , Fükö J , Ntsasa N , Leshabane N , Ramahala K , Tshilongo J , Cieciora D , Shimosaka T , Matsumoto N
Published: December 2019

The key comparison CCQM-K137 was aimed at evaluating the level of compatibility of laboratories' preparative capabilities for gravimetric nitrogen monoxide/nitrogen primary reference mixtures at mole fractions of 30 μmol mol-1 and 70 μmol mol-1.

The comparison was organised by the BIPM. It consisted in the simultaneous comparison of a suite of 2n primary gas standards, two standards to be prepared by each of the n participating laboratories at the nominal values of 30 μmol mol-1 and 70 μmol mol-1. Two independent analytical methods were used by the BIPM to analyse the amount fraction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in nitrogen; UV spectrophotometry and chemiluminescence (CLD). The agreement between the results obtained with the two main techniques served to highlight possible issues in the preparation of the standards. During this comparison, standards prepared by two participants appeared to result in a larger bias between the analysers than observed for others. These observations were explained by the analysis of all standards by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which identified the presence of a larger amounts of water vapour (H2O), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in these standards, which are the three main impurities which can appear in mixtures of NO in nitrogen.

The above observations were used to underpin the selection of standards (at each nominal NO mole fraction) which can be considered as a consistent set, allowing the calculation of a calibration line by a Generalised Least-Square regression. Key Comparison Reference Values were then proposed for all participants as predicted values from the calibration lines. Interferences caused in the response of the CLD analyser by impurities (verified by FTIR measurements) led to only the results from the UV analyser being proposed for the KCRV and Degrees of Equivalence calculations. Good agreement was observed between all participants who could prepare their standards with minimum levels of impurities.

The key comparison CCQM-K137 is considered to present an analytical challenge at both nominal mole fractions and therefore considered as a Specialised (Track C) comparison in the CCQM nomenclature.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
An Exponential Shape Function for Wormholes in Modified Gravity*
Authors: Moraes P. H. R. S. , Sahoo Pradyumn Kumar , Kulkarni Shreyas Sunil , Agarwal Shivaank
Published: December 2019

We propose a new exponential shape function in wormhole geometry within modified gravity. The energy conditions and the equation-of-state parameter are obtained. The radial and tangential null energy conditions, and also the weak energy condition are validated, which indicates the absence of exotic matter due to modified gravity allied with such a new proposal.
Low dose of external exposure among returnees to former evacuation areas: a cross-sectional all-municipality joint study following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant incident
Authors: Nomura Shuhei , Murakami Michio , Naito Wataru , Yasutaka Tetsuo , Sawano Toyoaki , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: December 2019

There is little information on the radiation dose levels of returnees to areas once designated as legal no-go zones, after evacuation orders were lifted subsequent to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant incident. This study used individual radiation dosimeter monitoring and a location history survey to conduct the most recent dose assessment of external exposure among returnees to former no-go zones. We specifically determined correlation and agreement between external doses and the air dose rate in residential areas and quantified both uncertainty and population variability of the observed data using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods. A total of 239 voluntary participants across ten municipalities were analysed; their representativeness of all affected municipal populations was confirmed in terms of air dose rate distribution in residential areas. We found that individual doses were statistically significantly correlated with the air dose rate based on government airborne monitoring. This implies that airborne monitoring can provide sufficient information for understanding dose levels among such returnees. The MC simulations demonstrated that the mean of the annual dose in 2019 (including natural background doses) was 0.93 (95% uncertainty interval 0.53–1.76) mSv, with limited variation between municipalities. As of 2019, this implies that doses from external exposure were very low among returnees and would be associated with a very low likelihood of physical effects according to current scientific consensus. However, these results should be taken with caution due to several study limitations, including selection and participation biases. Regardless, its findings will enhance societal debates about how both individual-dose and government airborne monitoring practices should operate in the future and how the government can improve the public outlook for radiation doses in incident-affected areas.
Modeling of the synthesis of composite particles based on titania and silica in flow-type plasmachemical reactor
Authors: Aulchenko S M , Kartaev E V , Emelkin V A
Published: December 2019

The modeling of single-stage synthesis of composite titania-silica nanoparticles in the working zone of flow-type plasmachemical reactor has been carried out based on segregated oxidation of titanium and silicon tetrachlorides, with each precursor being preliminarily mixed with air oxygen by means of bubbling. Within the framework of the developed model of the synthesis, the data regarding core size of composite particles, their shell thickness as well as ratio of particles with and without shell have been extracted.
Calculation of the drag coefficient of micro and nanoparticles
Authors: Bedarev I A , Slastnaya D A , Temerbekov V M
Published: December 2019

A numerical simulation of the flow of air around micro or nanoparticles was carried out. The results of calculating the drag coefficient for various diameters of the free-stream Mach number are presented. For particles with a diameter of 10 and 100 μm, the influence of flow turbulence was taken into account. The calculated dependences obtained are compared with empirical formulas.
Calculation the efficiency of energy transfer from nanosecond CO2-laser pulses to the iron target during plasma appearance
Authors: Bedenko D V , Kovalev O B
Published: December 2019

The steel target evaporation and the gas-dynamic processes were calculated, thenfollowed by the plasma creation on in the metal vapor under the influence of nanosecond pulses were calculated. Mathematical model based on the Euler equations for the inviscid gas flow in conjunction statement with the radiation transfer equation in the diffusion multi-group approximation and the heat equation in solid metal was formulated. Nonlinear evaporation, depending on the energy entering to the target surface, was calculated using analytical expressions for the Knudsen layer. The structures of gas-dynamic flows with the formation of shock waves in an ambient gas (air) in the active vaporization mode and during plasma formation are were studied, also the thermal state of the target is was determined in the one-dimensional formulation. The comparison of the efficiency of energy transfer to the target is was made in both cases, : from laser radiation directly and when plasma appearsappeared, by means of thermal radiation. The significant increase in the adsorption coefficient of energy in the case of the appearance of plasma is shown.
Deformation and acceleration-induced fragmentation of the liquid drops in the gradient air flow
Authors: Boiko V M , Poplavski S V , Pivovarov A A , Samsonova I V
Published: December 2019

The regimes of aerodynamic destruction of a falling drop of a low-viscosity liquid in a falling accelerating air flow were experimentally studied. This model formulation allows us to study the behaviour of a drop when the direction of the aerodynamic force is reversed. The experiments showed a large deformation and rather high instantaneous drop acceleration at a moderate velocity gradient. The results confirmed that a change in the sign of aerodynamic force increases the effect of Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Experimental investigation of decreasing porosity and permeability of bead packing at suspension flow
Authors: Dimov S V
Published: December 2019

This study presents the experimental results of decreasing bead packing porosity and permeability during the flow of a suspension through the bead packing. The retention of solid particles was investigated as a function of the ratio of the particle diameter d to the diameter of the balls of packing D. The experiments were carried out for various ratios d/D, which varied from 0.046 to 0.109. The solids content of the inlet suspension varied from 0.001 to 0.02.
Molecular-dynamic study of processes at the interface of a flat metal heterostructure during its heating
Authors: Golovneva E I , Golovnev I F , Utkin A V , Fomin V M
Published: December 2019

The author applies the method of heating to a flat copper-silver heterostructure. An approach has been developed for carrying out a meso-analysis: the study of the distribution of parameters such as temperature, concentration of atoms, etc. in the direction perpendicular to the interface. A parameter describing the diffusion of atoms across the interface during heating has been proposed and calculated.
Study of substrate temperature dependence upon nozzle traverse speed at cold spraying
Authors: Klinkov S V , Kosarev V F , Shikalov V S
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of investigation of dependence of substrate temperature upon nozzle traverse velocity under cold spray conditions. A model is proposed for prediction of substrate temperature. Experimental and simulated data were obtained in the typical range of change in the nozzle traverse speed (1-400 mm/s) and air stagnation temperatures (200-600°C), encountered in the practice of cold spraying. The simulated data are in good agreement with experimental. An approximate analytical equation is proposed for estimation of substrate temperature during cold spraying in a wide range of gas stagnation temperatures and nozzle traverse velocities.
Modelling the destruction process of a thermal reactor by man-made space debris impact
Authors: Kraus A E , Kraus E I , Shabalin I I
Published: December 2019

The three-dimensional transient problem of the interaction of artificial space debris particles (steel bolt M12) with a spacecraft model reactor is solved. Two cases of interaction are considered, the first is the reactor filled with water, and the second is the empty reactor. The calculations show that the impact of a high-speed steel bolt on the reactor with water at a speed of 11.17 m/s leads to the reactor failure. A water-free reactor obtains catastrophic damage to the hull shell and fuel cells.
Study of filtration processes of a two-phase fluid in a zonal-inhomogeneous fractured-porous medium
Authors: Pyatkov A A , Rodionov S P , Kosyakov V P , Musakaev N G
Published: December 2019

A significant amount of proven reserves of hydrocarbons are contained in the fields to some extent have fracturing. Fractures have high conductivity, and, therefore, have a significant impact on the process of extracting oil from the reservoir. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate the filtration processes of a mixture of water and oil in fractured-porous reservoirs. In this paper, the task of selecting options for the appointment of injection and production wells in a zonal-inhomogeneous fractured-porous reservoir to the most complete extraction of oil from the reservoir. A study was also made of the influence of the intensity of water injection on the efficiency of oil recovery from a fractured-porous reservoir. The tasks were solved using our own three-dimensional two-phase hydrodynamic simulator based on the model of dual porosity-permeability.
On particle incipient motion from the sedimentation layer in shear flow
Authors: Seryakov A V , Bocharov O B , Ignatenko Ya S
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the results of numerical modelling for a laminar flow around a spherical particle located near a sedimentation layer. The particle being at the minimum distance from the rough layer is affected by a fluid shear flow with Reynolds numbers varying from 2 to 200. The considered fluids included Newtonian and power law ones. Depending on a shear Reynolds number, the critical Shields numbers have been determined to describe the particle’s incipient motion. The obtained parameters have been compared against those for a smooth surface to demonstrate that in some cases the differences in critical stress coefficients may reach up to 70%.
Numerical modeling of the nucleation of crystallization centers during the modification of the surface layer of a metal using laser heating
Authors: Shmagunov O A
Published: December 2019

Laser surface treatment using nanoscale particles of refractory compounds is a promising way to improve the operational characteristics of machine parts. Nanoscale particles increase the number of crystallization centers in the melt that occurs on the metal surface when exposed to a laser beam and, thereby, improve the dispersion and uniformity of the crystalline grains and the quality of the surface processed. The mathematical model used in the work allows one to describe the processes of nucleation and crystallization in the melt, the kinetics of the solid phase growth. Steady-state processes of heating, phase transition, heat transfer in the melt, nucleation, and growth of the solid phase are considered. The distribution of the temperature field, the size of the crystallization zone, and the number of crystallization centers in the molten metal are estimated.
Kerosene combustion in a supersonic flow
Authors: Tretyakov P K
Published: December 2019

A new approach is proposed to the initiation of kerosene combustion in a supersonic airflow with the stagnation temperature below 2000 K, which consists of a pulsed-periodic gas-dynamic action on the flow. The experiments have shown that it is possible to implement a quasi-steady pulsed combustion mode by choosing the parameters of pulses: energy, duration, and frequency.
Gas dynamics of the body flight in the channel
Authors: Fomin V M , Nalivaychenko D G
Published: December 2019

The gas dynamics of the body high-speed flight in a channel is studied by the numerical simulation method. It is shown that in the considered formulation of the problem, it is possible to implement one of the two versions of the gas-dynamic flow pattern: the body movement with a forward straight shock wave (“unstart”) and the supersonic current near the body (“start”). The behaviour of aerodynamic and thermodynamic loads on the body as it accelerates to high speeds is studied.
The experimental study of the weak shock wave action on the boundary layer of the sweep flat plate
Authors: Kocharin V L , Kosinov A D , Yatskikh A A , Afanasev L V , Ermolaev Yu G , Semionov N V
Published: December 2019

The weak shock waves impact on the flow in the boundary layer of the sweep flat plate at Mach number 2 is studied experimentally. The model was installed at a zero angle of attack. Shock waves in the oncoming flow were generated by a two-dimensional roughness on the side wall of the wind tunnel test section. The data were obtained with a two-dimensional roughness on the wall of the wind tunnel and with a smooth wall at sweep angles (35 and 40 degrees) of the leading edge of the flat blunt plate. The measurements were carried out with a constant temperature anemometer.
Quadcopter propeller characteristics in the oblique flow
Authors: Polivanov P A , Sidorenko A A
Published: December 2019

The paper analyses the effect of the yaw angle and free-stream velocity on the stationary and unsteady characteristics of a propeller with a fixed geometry. Propeller characteristics are calculated in two ways: the first uses the 3D RANS modelling, the second involves the simplified analytical model. Comparison of the two calculation methods showed a qualitative coincidence of the data. The effect of the yaw angle on the propeller characteristics is investigated for a wide range of parameters. It is found that the dynamic loads generated by the propeller are significant and should be taken into account when designing quadcopter propellers.
Computational grid adaptation for the sonic boom near field modeling
Authors: Kiseleva T , Temerbekov V
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses the numerical simulation of the 69-Degree Delta Wing Body for computing the sonic boom signature in the near field. For flow field calculation, the commercial CFD flow solver ANSYS Fluent is employed. The computational mesh in the perturbed flow regions was refined two times using the automatic gradient adaptation. The results are in agreement with the results obtained by other researchers.
Numerical simulation of stationary flow around a wing with a subsonic leading edge at M = 2 and 2.5
Authors: Semenov A N , Kocharin V L , Semionov N V
Published: December 2019

The results of direct numerical simulation of the stationary flow above the wing with a swept angle of 72° and a subsonic leading edge are presented. The simulation was carried out at Mach numbers 2 and 2.5 and unit Reynolds numbers 9e+6 m-1 and 11e+6 m-1.
Effects of water content to slope stability in Pangkalan Lima Puluh Kota
Authors: Asnur H , Yuliet R , Hakam A , Putra H G , Sunaryo
Published: December 2019

The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between soil water content and steepness stability in the three locations of Pangkalan District of Lima Puluh Kota. The sample data in the form of soil is tested to obtain a plastic and liquid Boundary so that it can be investigated soil strength and its relation to the water content. The test is done by determining the sample strength parameters in the initial conditions, then the water content of the sample is modified according to the plastic and liquid boundaries, as well as the unit volume. The figures for slope stability analysis were analyzed using laboratory and cross-sectional results. Test results show that the water content is the most important factor affecting the stability of the slope. Slope stability becomes critical when the water content is close to its liquid limit. However, the water content less than the plastic limit also results in a less strong soil parameter for the sample being remolded. To reduce slope failure, it is recommended to establish water control facilities in the area.
The sustainability factors of tourist village (case study: Ngadas Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency)
Authors: Sari N , Springfield D R , Sari K E
Published: December 2019

Tourist village is a form of unit between attractions, accommodation and supporting facilities on a community structure that merges with the rules and traditions which apply and is packed in the form of a tourist village. The development of a tourist village as an activity to explore the potential of a village into a tourist attraction requires community involvement, especially in the development of supporting infrastructure. The sustainability of tourism village development is supported by many factors, both internal and external. The development of a tourist village involves various aspects that interact and influence each other. Ngadas Village is one of the tourist village in Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency which mostly inhabited by Tengger Tribe. Ngadas village is established by the government as a tourist village with a strategic village location, natural potential and the uniqueness of the tribe that live in it. As a form to maintain the tourism activities, it is necessary to identify the sustainability factors of tourist village. The result can be use as an input to direct Ngadas Village as a sustainable tourist village.
The use of artificial wastewater for water feeding of scrubber for treating coal burning emission
Authors: Huboyo H S , Sudarno
Published: December 2019

The use of clean water for wet scrubbers needs to be reduced for water resource efficiency in the company. This research was conducted to examine the use of wastewater as wet scrubber feeding from boilers that use coal fuel. The scrubber type was spray tower using stainless steel material and packed bed with marbles. Artificial waste was made to imitate textile wastewater. Emission measurements at the outlet adopted SNI standard. Parameters observed in the flue gas were particulate (isokinetic), SO2, and NO2. We also observed the TSS and COD concentrations in the scrubbing liquid. The reduction pollutants concentration using artificial waste was 21 - 51% for particulate, about 45% for SO2 concentration, and more than 90% for NO2 concentration. The parameters of COD concentration in the outlet decreased by about 20% while the TSS concentrations increase almost two fold. This initial study shows that the use of wastewater for scrubbers is promising although it produced TSS pollutants in scrubbed wastewater.
Recycling of textile sludge for removing textile dye of reactive red 231 on aqueous solution
Authors: Rahman A , Kishimoto N , Urabe T , Ikeda K
Published: December 2019

Carbonization treatment successfully converted textile sludge into potential adsorbent. The carbonization was performed at the range of 400 to 800 °C without oxygen involved. In order to investigate the adsorption performance of carbonized sludge then a series of adsorption tests was carried out. Adsorption experiments indicated that the highest adsorption capacity was obtained at the carbonization temperature of 400 °C. The maximum adsorption capacity for removal textile dye of reactive red 231 on aqueous sollution was reached 49.1 mg/g. The pH of carbonized sludge played a significant role in the adsorption of reactive red 231 in the solution. Since the reactive red 231 is categorized as an anionic dyes, the lower pH was appropriate to accelerate adsorption process through charge neutralization by abundant H+ ions.
Analysis of Indonesian Forest and Land Fire Controlling Operational Policies. Case Study: Siak Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Putra Irfan Kemal , Saharjo Bambang Hero , Wasis Basuki
Published: December 2019

Indonesia has been struggling with forest and land fires for decades due to its large, multi-dimensional impacts. While less hotspots in 2016 were due to the La Nina, Indonesia has managed to reduce the hotspots in normal condition in 2017. However, there were indications that some of the policies were outside of the legal jurisdiction, e.g. to involve institutions out of their legal roles in fire controlling operations. Thus, this paper qualitatively discussed the analysis of fire controlling policy in Indonesia with Siak Regency as the case study. Data collection used semi-structured interviews with key informants from related agencies and experts, as well as supported by literatures. Meanwhile, policy and actor analysis were used to approach the issue. The findings revealed that the lack of resources and personnel has forced some actors to dominate. In this case, the establishment of complementary regulations should accommodate and legalised some policy implementers who did not have the ‘rights’ to involve in the forest and land fire reducing programme.
Statistical Bias Correction of RegCM4 Output Data (Study Area: Indramayu Regency)
Authors: Anria  , Boer Rizaldi , Faqih Akhmad
Published: December 2019

Climate data that has limitation on spatial and temporal scale becomes an obstacle in perform the climate-related research such us crop simulation, climate risk assessment and many others. Regional climate models such as RegCM4 can produce adequate outcomes of climate data in term of spatial and temporal sides. Output data from RegCM4 can be used for further research once it has been through correction process. On this study, statistical bias correction with three different transfer function (i.e. linear regression, second order polynomials and third order polynomials) were tested. The correction process that has been done on the RegCM4 rainfall data in Indramayu Regency by using third order polynomials-transfer function is able to produce climatology data with value close to observation data. Similarity between observation data and the corrected RegCM4 output data is indicated by similar temporal and spatial distributions. Based on the historical climate and projection of rainfall (1981-2065), it is known that annual rainfall will decrease by 0.84 mm/year.
A Preliminary Biodiversity Survey in Mursala Island: Implication for Conservation
Authors: Fambayun R A , Rachmat H H , Susilowati A
Published: December 2019

Biodiversity refers to all living creatures, including plants in terms of its genetic variation, ecosystem variation, number of species within an area, etc. However, the high anthropological disturbances in a specific area will bring a negative effect on the biodiversity existence. Mursala Island is the biggest island in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra that has already known for its timber species richness. The island is experiencing disturbances due to forest conversion and illegal logging in which threatening the vegetation occurrence on this Island. We did a preliminary survey by establishing six plots of 20×20 m in different locations within Mursala Island to investigate the current biodiversity condition on this island, especially its plant species. We calculated density, species diversity, and species richness. We found a total of 77 different species with a total density of 680 stems/ha of the individuals >10 cm in diameter. Based on the Shannon Diversity Index, the species diversity in this area is 1.85 or equivalent diversity as a community with six equally-common species, with the species richness Dmn = 0.33. The results indicated the island has a less diverse community. Hence, our conservation strategies are required to increase the biodiversity value of this island.
Above-Ground Biomass and Carbon Stock of Ciletuh Mangrove Forest, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kusmana C , Hidayat T , Hikmah W F
Published: December 2019

Mangrove forest is a unique ecosystem that plays important roles to climate change control, as carbon sink and CO2 absorbing from the atmosphere. This research was aimed to estimate the potential of above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of Ciletuh mangrove forest, West Java, Indonesia. Mangrove forest area and occupation of dominant species were mapped using Geographical Information System, meanwhile species composition and forest structure was sampled using 198 plots (20 m × 20 m each) systematically spread out at studied forest area. Vegetation analysis data were used to estimate the potential of above-ground biomass and carbon stocks. Above-ground biomass and carbon stock of mangrove species was estimated using allometric models that already available. The results showed that mangrove forest in Ciletuh covered an area amounted to 8 ha. There were 18 tree mangrove species dominated by species of non-Rhizophoraceae belonging to 14 genera of 11 families. Above-ground biomass of Ciletuh mangrove forest was estimated at 31.78 t ha−1, carbon stock at 14.93 t C ha−1, and CO2 absorption at 54.68 t ha−1.
Application of planting hole sizes, seedling sizes of meranti (Shorea johorensis) and planting media for the rehabilitation of skidding road
Authors: Prameswari D , Supriyanto
Published: December 2019

Timber harvesting in natural forest caused damage along the skidding roads. This research studied the effects of planting hole sizes, seedling sizes and culture media on the growth of Meranti (Shorea johorensis) at skidding roads. This study used factorial in completely randomized block design 3 × 2 × 2 in three replicates. The first factor was planting hole sizes (A1 :, A2 : 40 × 40 × 40 cm, A3: 40 × 40 × 50 cm), second was seedling size (B1 : decapitated seedlings for 10 cm, B2 : non-decapitated seedlings) and third was culture media (C1 :, C2: soil and wood charcoal). The results showed that the growth of Shorea johorensis plantation coming from 10 cm decapitated seedlings at 3-year-old after planting grew well and better than non-decapitated one. The appropriate planting hole size and culture media for planting Shorea johorensis were 40 × 40 ×30 cm and soil and top soil. The success of seedling regrowth is one of solutions to overcome seedling damage during seedling transportation.
Improving The Carrying Capacity of Vertisol nd Alfisol on Dryland Ecosystem by Applying Active Powder of Cassava
Authors: Prijo Soetedjo IN
Published: December 2019

Alfisol and Vertisol have low nutrients content. Improving the carrying capacity of the soils applying an organic and organic fertilizer resulted in increasing of soil compaction and increasing of soil microbiology. Research had been done to know the effect of various dosages and time applications of powder active to improve the carrying capacity of Vertisol and Alfisol at the germinating land Ecosystem in East Nusa Tenggara. Factorial research designed as Randomized Completed Block Design replicated four times. Variables of the research were a various dosage of active powder (0, 100, 200, and 300 g/ha), and various time application active powder of cassava (on planting, seven days after panting, and 15 days after planting). The result showed that the active powder applied to cassava significantly increase the colony number of soil bacteria, improving in soil porosity, soil bulk density, total N, availability of P and K, C organic, and soil pH. Application active powder of cassava by 200-300 g/ha was able to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of Vertisol and Alfisol.
Utilization System of Sandalwood in Aceh Besar and Pidie Districts
Authors: Nurochman D , Matangaran J R , Santosa G , Suharjito D , Sari R K
Published: December 2019

The utilization of sandalwood is a series of activities to utilize and seek sandalwood, including: managing of sandalwood trees and sandalwood processing. This study aims to evaluating the utilization of sandalwood in Aceh as a unified system. Sandalwood trees management analyzed based on structures of the trees, management techniques and utilization rates of sandalwood. Analysis of the physical characteristics of wood and the proportion of santalol compounds are used for the purpose of sandalwood processing. The results of the study indicate that sandalwood management has not been carried out sustainably with the structure of the sandalwood trees dominated by young trees, no cultivation activities and low harvesting efficiency with harvesting method using tree lenght logging plus root. Processing of sandalwood for the purposes of woodcrafts and sandalwood essential oils that meets quality standards comes from the trees with a proportion of terrace wood above 48.53% with diameter (dbh) ⩾ 15 cm.
Anatomical Characteristics of Six Calamus Species of Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Dewi A P , Ariyanti N S , Walujo E B
Published: December 2019

The stem anatomy of six species of Calamus from Kalimantan Barat was studied to explore the anatomical character to distinguish the rattan at the species level. The Calamus species has been used as the raw material of plaited art by the indigenous people of the Dayak Iban-Desa. The anatomy character was observed from the transversal section, radial section, and maceration. The main aspect has observed from this research are epidermis, vessel, and fiber dimension. Epidermis cell type, epidermis lumen type, and the number of hypodermis layer were observed as the important character to distinguish the Calamus based on epidermis character. Type of ground parenchyma, present of the canal resin, number of protoxylems, and vessel density are the important characters based on vessel character. Fiber length and fiber wall thickness are the important characters to identify the rattan species and also to predict the quality of rattan stem. The tentative identification key to rattan species has been prepared using the combination of the anatomical character.
Study on Evaluation of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Operation Safety
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Deng Xiaorong
Published: December 2019

The study aims to evaluate operation safety level of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway in China. In order to do so, this research establishes a safety assessment index system of Beijing-Shanghai HSR based on AHP firstly. Then based on the fuzzy matter-element theory, with the concept of the Euclid approach degree (EAD), compound fuzzy matter-element for safety level evaluation is established. The results show that Beijing-shanghai HSR is a better operation safety level in China. According to the results, some suggestions on improving Beijing-shanghai HSR operation safety are proposed.
Design and Implementation of SOA-based Technical Service System for Road Transport Vehicles
Authors: Jia Hong , Xia Haiying , Liu Yingji , Dong Guoliang
Published: December 2019

To promote the unified declaration and review of standard-compliant vehicle models more effectively and increase the efficiency of declaration of standard-compliant vehicle models, this paper designed a SOA-based road transport vehicle technical service system and realized its related functions. In the SOA-based system, the loose coupling relation between functions of applications and the adoption of open standards makes the system easy to maintain and has considerable business flexibility. The application of road transport vehicle technical support service system effectively meets the functional requirements of carmakers, car testing agencies, reviewers and system administrators, provides a good business platform for declaration of standard-compliant vehicle models and effectively makes related activities more IT enabled.
Research on Comprehensive Evaluation Index System of Traffic Infrastructure Construction
Authors: Chen Zhi-Yu
Published: December 2019

In order to accelerate the modern engineering management, promote the transformation and upgrading of highway and waterway engineering construction and development, improve the quality, safety and operation service level of highway and waterway engineering, the article sets up an evaluation index system on seven promotion such as engineering design level, management level, technological innovation ability, quality level, safety level, green environment level and soft power of quality engineering. This article combines Delphy Method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze the weight of the index, select the project to carry on the empirical evaluation. Finally, this article examines the scientificity and rationality of the evaluation index system.
Stability analysis of articulated dump truck based on eigenvalue method
Authors: Fang Weiping , Yang Xiaojun , Zhao Weijian , Liu Benchao
Published: December 2019

The lateral stiffness of articulated dump truck is relatively weak. When articulated dump truck is running, the driving stability is deteriorated and it is prone to occur “snake shape” instability phenomena. Taking the force and its mechanical characteristics of articulated dump truck with three axles into account, the dynamic mathematical model of the 3-DOF was established using the Lagrange equation. Based on the Lyapunov stability principle, the driving stability of articulated dump truck was analyzed using the eigenvalue method. The dynamic mathematical model can be used to analyze the influence of the following parameters on driving stability, such as different speed, centroid position, steering parameters, wheelbase, mass etc. It can provide theoretical basis for parameters optimization in stability control and stability design.
Aviation Business Volume Forecast of Xianyang International Airport Based on Multiple Prediction Models
Authors: Lei Jichao , Chong Xiaolei , Long Xiaoyong
Published: December 2019

With the continuous development of the strategy of the development of the western region and the gradual advancement of the “One Belt, One Road” strategy, Xianyang Airport serves as the gateway for foreign exchanges in Xi’an, and the passenger and freight traffic volume has increased year by year. This article is based on the passenger and cargo traffic that has been available from 2009 to 2015. We will use the trend extrapolation method, the econometric method and the market share method to predict the passenger and cargo transportation volume from 2016 to 2018, comparing with the actual passenger and cargo transportation volume. Then we can obtain the annual error, and find the average error. According to the average error, the weights are determined. Finally, we combine the result with its weight, comparing with accurate result, and get more exact result. Therefore, this method is applied to the forecast of aviation traffic from 2019 to 2023, and then more accurate results are obtained. According to the air passenger and cargo transportation volume in the next five years, combined with the basic economic and population conditions, it will provide reference for the future development and functional positioning of Xianyang Airport.
Study on the Influence of Crosswind Angle and Longitudinal Spacing on Buses in a Platoon
Authors: Zhao Dongchang , Zhang Danyang , Chen Chuan
Published: December 2019

The influences of crosswind angle and longitudinal spacing on bus platoon are studied by methods of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that the wind resistance coefficient of the bus increases first and then decreases with the increase of crosswind angle. The maximum wind resistance coefficient is about 2.3 times of that without crosswind when the crosswind angle is 30°. When buses in a platoon at a crosswind angle of 20°, the pressure increase on the windward side of the rear bus is much greater than that on the windward side without crosswind. This shows that crosswind shortens the distance between the two buses at high fuel economy.