bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levantamento das características hidrogeológicas do Aquífero Bar-reiras e Itapecuru na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paciência-MA
Authors: Santos Gabriel Irvine Ferreira Alves dos , Ribeiro Delony De Queiroz , Cruz Walefe Lopes da , Dutra Pereira Ediléa
Published: March 2020

A bacia hidrográfica do rio Paciência, localiza-se na região central da Ilha do Maranhão, e possui uma área de 145,7 km², sendo constituída pelo rio principal Paciência, que possui uma extensão de 32 km, sendo um dos mais importantes mananciais genuinamente ludovicense. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal de contribuir para o conhecimento do comportamento hidrodinâmico dos aquíferos pertencentes aos Grupos Barreiras e Itapecuru, destacando suas potencialidades e vulnerabilidade bem como subsidiar para um acréscimo de conhecimento desses parâmetros no qual são imprescindíveis para a tomada de decisão pelos órgãos responsáveis pela gestão hídrica das cidades. A caracterização dos aquíferos Barreiras e Itapecuru foi realizada a partir da análise dos dados hidrodinâmicos dos 13 poços tubulares da CAEMA e de 12 poços tubulares pertencentes ao SAAE (Paço do Lumiar). Dentre os resultados obtidos na análise das características hidrodinâmicas dos poços, destaca-se que os poços da CAEMA, possuem as seguintes medias: Profundidade de 69m, Vazão de 19,04 m³/h, Nível Estático de 19,20m, Rebaixamento de 4,75m e uma Espessura de 38m, os poços do SAAE, possuem as seguintes medias: Profundidade de 56,83m e Vazão de 24,16 m³/h. Partindo da análise desses dados compreende-se que se faz necessário aplicabilidade de políticas ambientais que possam coibir o uso inadequado desses aquíferos, sobretudo por sua grande importância para manutenção de hídrica na Ilha.
Cooking Frequency Predicts Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among College Students
Authors: Minkow Sarah , Gray Virginia , Rodriguez Selena Nguyen , Reiboldt Wendy , Childers James
Published: March 2020

Cooking attitudes and behaviors among college students—and related implications to dietary quality—are largely unexplored. This study assessed the relationship between college students' fruit and vegetable intakes and cooking attitudes, confidence, and frequency (N
= 448) using a cross-sectional survey. Hierarchical linear regression models examined associations between cooking attitudes, confidence, and frequency of fruit and vegetable intake. Fruit and vegetable intake was positively correlated with cooking attitudes, confidence, and frequency. Regression
analysis indicated cooking frequency is a significant predictor of fruit and vegetable consumption when controlling for sex, kitchen access, and cooking attitudes and confidence. Future studies are needed to investigate the impact of cooking interventions on diet quality.
Use of Artificial Intelligence to Reduce Radiation Exposure at Fluoroscopy-Guided Endoscopic Procedures
Authors: Bang Ji Young , Hough Matthew , Hawes Robert H. , Varadarajulu Shyam
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Exposure to ionizing radiation remains a hazard for patients and healthcare providers. We evaluated the utility of an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled fluoroscopy system to minimize radiation exposure during image-guided endoscopic procedures.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided endoscopic procedures. Patients underwent interventions using either conventional or AI-equipped fluoroscopy system that uses ultrafast collimation to limit radiation exposure to the region of interest. The main outcome measure was to compare radiation exposure with patients, which was measured by dose area product. Secondary outcome was radiation scatter to endoscopy personnel measured using dosimeter.

RESULTS:

Of 100 patients who underwent procedures using traditional (n = 50) or AI-enabled (n = 50) fluoroscopy systems, there was no significant difference in demographics, body mass index, procedural type, and procedural or fluoroscopy time between the conventional and the AI-enabled fluoroscopy systems. Radiation exposure to patients was lower (median dose area product 2,178 vs 5,708 mGym2, P = 0.001) and scatter effect to endoscopy personnel was less (total deep dose equivalent 0.28 vs 0.69 mSv; difference of 59.4%) for AI-enabled fluoroscopy as compared to conventional system. On multivariate linear regression analysis, after adjusting for patient characteristics, procedural/fluoroscopy duration, and type of fluoroscopy system, only AI-equipped fluoroscopy system (coefficient 3,331.9 [95% confidence interval: 1,926.8–4,737.1, P < 0.001) and fluoroscopy duration (coefficient 813.2 [95% confidence interval: 640.5–985.9], P < 0.001) were associated with radiation exposure.

DISCUSSION:

The AI-enabled fluoroscopy system significantly reduces radiation exposure to patients and scatter effect to endoscopy personnel (see Graphical abstract, Supplementary Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B461).
Optimal Timing of Feeding After Endoscopic Hemostasis in Patients With Peptic Ulcer Bleeding: A Randomized, Noninferiority Trial (CRIS KCT0001019)
Authors: Gong Eun Jeong , Lee Sang Jin , Jun Baek Gyu , Seo Hyun Il , Park Jong Kyu , Han Koon Hee , Kim Young Don , Jeong Woo Jin , Cheon Gab Jin , Park Seo Young
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The optimal duration of fasting after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding has not yet been determined. We investigated the appropriate timing of feeding after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding.

METHODS:

This study was a randomized, single center, noninferiority trial. Between February 2014 and March 2019, consecutive patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were randomized to resume feeding either 24 or 48 hours after successful endoscopic hemostasis. A total of 209 eligible patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis and 200 in the per-protocol (PP) analysis. The primary outcome measure was recurrent bleeding within 7 days of hemostasis. Noninferiority testing was performed in the PP population, and the noninferiority margin was set at 10%. Secondary outcomes included 30-day rebleeding and mortality, transfusion requirements, and length of hospital stay.

RESULTS:

Recurrent bleeding rates at 7 days were 7.9% in the 24-hour group and 4.0% in the 48-hour group in the PP analysis; tests for noninferiority did not reach statistical significance (difference: 3.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.7 to 10.5, P value for noninferiority = 0.034). The recurrent bleeding rates within 30 days were 10.9% and 4.0% in the 24- and 48-hour groups (difference: 6.9%, 95% CI: −0.5 to 14.2), and the 30-day mortality rates were 5.9% and 14.1%, respectively (difference: −8.2%, 95% CI: −16.5 to 0.1) in the PP analysis. The transfusion requirement and the length of hospital stay were similar between the 2 groups.

DISCUSSION:

Early refeeding at 24 hours after endoscopic hemostasis is not noninferior to later refeeding at 48 hours for rebleeding in patients with high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding. Our results do not allow a recommendation of refeeding at 24 hours, rather than later refeeding in this population.
“She is Transforming:” Inuit Artworks Reflect a Cultural Response to Arctic Sea Ice and Climate Change
Authors: Rathwell Kaitlyn J.
Published: March 2020

Seven Inuit artists reflect their lived experience of disappearing sea ice and climate change in their artworks. Living in Pangnirtung and Cape Dorset, Nunavut, for five months in 2013 and one month in 2015 enabled me to build relationships with artists and to initiate collaborations for this project. I examine how the artworks and artists use symbolism, metaphor, and other aesthetic devices to convey messages about their lived experience of sea ice and climate change. Stories told by artists about their artworks emphasize the importance of adaptation and interconnectedness and embrace themes about transformation and renewal. The insights provided by the artists participating in this research are crucial in the context of bridging knowledge systems to enhance our understanding of and potential responses to environmental change. Connecting with the intangible aspects of knowledge systems, such as emotional response, values, and identity, is an ongoing challenge; yet, accounting for these aspects of knowledge is a critical component of salient and legitimate environmental governance. Artists and their artworks can illuminate the less tangible aspects of knowledge about change and hence have an important role to play at the interface of diverse knowledge systems.
Счастье и субъективное благополучие: к конструированию понятийного поля
Authors: Леонтьев Дмитрий Алексеевич
Published: March 2020

Статья содержит аналитический обзор пересекающихся конструктов, описывающих максимально позитивные переживания или высшее благо: счастье, субъективное благополучие, психологическое благополучие, качество жизни, гедония, эвдемония. Подробно рассмотрены дискуссионные вопросы соотношения этих конструктов и их операционализации в эмпирических исследованиях. В качестве основания для разведения близких конструктов предложено качество мотивации, то есть уровневая и содержательная характеристика тех потребностей, об удовлетворении которых сигнализируют положительные эмоции; показано, что наряду с общим параметром переживания близости фактического и желаемого, адекватно описываемым понятием субъективного благополучия, важно учитывать индивидуальную специфичность и уровневую характеристику самих потребностей, описываемую, в частности, в различении дефицитарной и бытийной мотивации (А. Маслоу). На этой основе предложена авторская двухуровневая модель счастья, различающая дефицитарное счастье, характеризующее меру удовлетворенности универсальных базовых потребностей, обусловленную материальными и другими ресурсами, и бытийное — или самодетерминированное — счастье за пределами простого благополучия, характеризующее успешность в реализации индивидуального экзистенциального проекта, или осмысленных жизненных целей. Намечена также авторская многомерная модель «эвдемонии 3D», учитывающая дополнительные критерии позитивности, помимо эмоционального баланса, а именно успешность и осмысленность.

Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в ходе/в результате проведения исследования/работы в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ) и с использованием средств субсидии в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5-100».
Light verb variations and varieties of Mandarin Chinese: Comparable corpus driven approaches to grammatical variations
Authors: Xu Hongzhi , Jiang Menghan , Lin Jingxia , Huang Chu-Ren
Published: March 2020

This article presents a classification and clustering based study to account for the differences among five Chinese light verbs (congshi, gao, jiayi, jinxing, and zuo) as well as their variations in Mainland China Mandarin (ML) and Taiwan Mandarin (TW). Based on 13 linguistic features, both competition and co-development of these light verbs are studied in terms of their distinct and shared collocates. The proposed method discovers significant new grammatical differences in addition to confirming previously reported ones. Most significant discoveries include selectional restrictions differentiating deverbal nominals and event nouns, and degrees of transitivity of VO compounds. We also find that most variations between Mainland China Mandarin and Taiwan Mandarin are in fact differences in tendencies or preferences in contexts of usage of shared grammatical rules.
Process Optimization for the Production of Ferric Sulfate Coagulant by the Oxidation of Ferrous sulfate with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Barbosa Mazza Veronica , Teixeira Luiz Alberto Cesar , Fonseca de Aguiar Martins Ana Rosa , Ferreira dos Santos Brunno
Published: March 2020

Motivated by the oxidative power of hydrogen peroxide and its environmentally attractive properties, the present study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for the production of ferric sulfate coagulant from ferrous sulfate The independent variables studied were the temperature (7.5–27.5 °C), amount of hydrogen peroxide (100–300 %) of the stoichiometric amount for the oxidation reaction, and dilution of the reaction medium using water (100–300 %) of the stoichiometric amount for the oxidation reaction. For the optimum conditions achieved, it was possible to obtain a conversion of 96.17 % of Fe+2to Fe+3, using a small hydrogen peroxide excess of 50 %, resulting in a product suitable for use as a coagulant in water treatment. It was found that an oxidation potential (Eh) greater than 0.7 volts corresponded to the conversion of Fe+2to Fe+3greater than 90 %, indicating Eh to be useful for reaction control in an industrial process.
Degree bounds for modular covariants
Authors: Elmer Jonathan , Sezer Müfit
Published: March 2020

Let

V
,
W

{V,W}

be representations of a cyclic group G of prime order p over a field

𝕜

{\Bbbk}

of characteristic p. The module of covariants

𝕜
⁢

[
V
,
W
]

G

{\Bbbk[V,W]^{G}}

is the set of G-equivariant polynomial maps

V
→
W

{V\rightarrow W}

, and is a module over

𝕜
⁢

[
V
]

G

{\Bbbk[V]^{G}}

. We give a formula for the Noether bound

β
⁢

(

𝕜
⁢

[
V
,
W
]

G

,

𝕜
⁢

[
V
]

G

)

{\beta(\Bbbk[V,W]^{G},\Bbbk[V]^{G})}

, i.e. the minimal degree d such that

𝕜
⁢

[
V
,
W
]

G

{\Bbbk[V,W]^{G}}

is generated over

𝕜
⁢

[
V
]

G

{\Bbbk[V]^{G}}

by elements of degree at most d.
An in situ Raman spectroscopic method for quantification of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in waterlogged archaeological wood
Authors: Henrik-Klemens Åke , Abrahamsson Katarina , Björdal Charlotte , Walsh Alexandra
Published: March 2020

The weakened microstructure of archaeological wood (AW) objects from waterlogged environments necessitates consolidation to avoid anisotropic shrinkage upon drying. Polymer impregnation through submergence or spraying treatments is commonly applied, and for larger and thicker objects, the impregnation period can stretch over decades. Thus, for efficient treatment, continuous monitoring of the impregnation status is required. Today, such monitoring is often destructive and expensive, requiring segments for extraction and chromatographic quantification. This study proposes an in situ Raman spectroscopic method for quantification of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in waterlogged AW. A calibration model was built on standards of PEG, cellulose powder, and milled wood lignin using orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS). The OPLS model had a strong linear relationship, and the PEG content in wood of varying degrees of degradation could be determined. However, the accuracy of the model was low with a root mean square error of prediction of 11 wt%. The low accuracy was traced to the heterogeneity in the calibration and validation set samples with regard to the small probing volume of the confocal instrumental setup.
A New Inclined Pullout Device for Laboratory Tests on Geosynthetics
Authors: Bhowmik Riya , Shahu J. T. , Datta Manoj
Published: March 2020

Geosynthetics are widely used in landfill cover systems for various purposes. The stability of these geosynthetics on slopes of landfill covers depends on the effectiveness of the anchors in which these are embedded at the top of the slope. These geosynthetics are subjected to pullout forces that are in an inclined direction. However, only two studies have been reported so far on the inclined pullout behavior of geosynthetics embedded in various types of anchors. In this study, a new inclined pullout device is developed to conduct pullout tests under different angles of inclinations. The salient features and details of various components of this device are presented in this article. Because geogrids are the preferred choice for veneer reinforcement, inclined pullout tests are conducted on geogrids embedded in three different types of anchor, namely, run-out, I-type, and L-type anchors. The tests are conducted on two different types of sands, i.e., quarry sand and river sand. The results show that the peak pullout force increases significantly as the inclination of the pullout force increases for all three types of anchor and for both the sands. Moreover, the complete pullout force-displacement response is found to be different for the three anchors. Practical implications of the outcome of the study are given.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Mg5Sn-xZn Alloys Produced through New Method in Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Ercetin Ali , Özgün Özgür , Aslantas Kubilay
Published: March 2020

In this study, the effect of zinc addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium five-tin (Mg5Sn) alloys was investigated. The powder metallurgy (P/M) method was used for the production of Mg5Sn-xZn (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weight percent) alloy after magnesium powders were coated with paraffin. The paraffin coating method was used for the first time in this study in order to prevent the contact of magnesium with oxygen. The experimental results showed that coating magnesium powders with paraffin prevents contact with oxygen. Therefore, Mg5Sn-xZn alloys were produced by P/M technique successfully. The intermetallic phases in the hot-pressed Mg5Sn-xZn alloys were magnesium-two-tin (Mg2Sn) and magnesium-zinc (MgZn) phases. These phases were uniformly distributed at the grain boundaries. Mechanical properties increased with increasing zinc ratios because of the grain refiner effect of zinc. It is concluded that the MgZn phase was obtained only from the Mg5Sn5Zn alloy, which has the highest mechanical properties.
Hippocampal CA2 Organizes CA1 Slow and Fast γ Oscillations during Novel Social and Object Interaction
Authors: Brown Logan Y. , Alexander Georgia M. , Cushman Jesse , Dudek Serena M.
Published: March 2020

A key goal in hippocampal research is to understand how neuronal activity is generated and organized across hippocampal subregions to enable memory formation and retrieval. Neuronal activity in CA2 is regulated by spatial and social investigation as well as by novelty (Mankin et al., 2015; Alexander et al., 2016), and CA2 activity controls population oscillatory activity in the slow γ and ripple ranges within hippocampus (Kay et al., 2016; Oliva et al., 2016; Boehringer et al., 2017; Alexander et al., 2018). CA2 neurons are also required for social recognition memory (Stevenson and Caldwell, 2012; Hitti and Siegelbaum, 2014; Smith et al., 2016). Because CA1 exhibits layer-specific organization (Scheffer-Teixeira et al., 2012; Lasztóczi and Klausberger, 2014, 2016) reflective of its inputs (Fernández-Ruiz et al., 2012; Schomburg et al., 2014), and because CA2 activity controls CA1 slow γ (Alexander et al., 2018), we hypothesized that silencing CA2 would affect CA1 slow γ in a layer-specific manner during investigation of a novel social stimulus. While recording from CA1, we leveraged molecular tools to selectively target and inhibit CA2 pyramidal cells using inhibitory DREADDs while subject mice investigated novel animals or objects. We found that CA2 inhibition reduced slow γ power during investigation of a novel animal and fast γ power during both novel object and animal investigation in a manner reflective of the CA2 axonal projection zones within CA1. Our results suggest that CA2 contributes to CA1 slow and fast γ oscillations in a stimulus-specific manner.
An Open Source Automated Bar Test for Measuring Catalepsy in Rats
Authors: Luciani Karling R. , Frie Jude A. , Khokhar Jibran Y.
Published: March 2020

Catalepsy bar tests are widely used to measure the failure to correct an imposed posture resulting from muscular rigidity. Procedures for measuring catalepsy vary greatly in the published literature, but one commonly used test measures the time it takes for a rodent to remove one or both of its forelimbs from a bar. The following paper describes an affordable, adjustable, open-source bar test that automatically measures and logs the time it takes for a rat to remove itself from a bar. While commercially available automated bar tests are prohibitively expensive, requiring proprietary software and hardware to operate, the proposed apparatus runs on an Arduino-based microcontroller making it low-cost and customizable. This 3D-printed design costs less than 65 United States dollars to build and is simple to assemble and operate. The beam-break sensor design also eliminates many of the pitfalls of the “complete-the-circuit”-based approach to recording catalepsy. The paper further describes the successful validation of the design using adult male rats injected with different doses of haloperidol to demonstrate a dose-dependent cataleptic effect. This design provides a versatile, low-cost solution to standardizing and automating measurement of catalepsy in rodents.
The Application of the Strict Liability Principle in The Indemnity Laws for Livelihoods in Indonesia; Analysis of The Supreme Court’s Decision Number 1794K/PDT/G/2004
Authors: Kharlie Ahmad Tholabi
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study is applied a descriptive-normative method which used to explain, describe, and analyze a particular event that is a proceeding submitted by the plaintiff against environmental pollution and damage, namely landslides on Mount Mandalawangi, using the concept of illegal acts The results of this study are: First, the compensation applied in the case of the Mount Mandalawangi landslide is based on the strict liability principle. The implication of the theory stated that the injured complainant is not required to prove the mistakes made by the defendant. Even if the defendant can prove that he is blameless, but there is a clear and proven impact of the loss in court, the defendant still obliged to pay for the compensation. Secondly, the Supreme Court's cassation decision is in accordance with the provisions of the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia, especially in the case of illegal acts, both confirmed in Article 1365 of the Civil Code (KUHPer) or regulated in the Protection Law and Environmental Management (UU-PPLH).Keywords: Environmental law, strict liability, claim for compensation, Supreme Court
The Application of Traditional Rules of Purity (Qinggui) in Contemporary Taiwanese Monasteries
Authors: Chiu Tzu-Lung
Published: March 2020

Vinaya rules embody the ideal of how Buddhists should regulate their daily lives, and monastics are required to observe them, despite the fact that they were compiled nearly 2,500 years ago in India: a context dramatically different not only from Chinese Buddhism's present monastic conditions, but from its historical conditions. Against this backdrop, rules of purity (qinggui) were gradually formulated by Chinese masters in medieval times to supplement and adapt vinaya rules to China's cultural ethos and to specific local Chinese contexts. This study explores how the traditional qinggui are applied by the Buddhist sa?gha in present-day Taiwan, and contrasts modern monastics' opinions on these rules and their relation to early Buddhist vinaya, on the one hand, against classical Chan literature (such as Chanyuan qinggui) and the Buddhist canon (such as Dharmaguptakavinaya), on the other. This comparison fills a notable gap in the existing literature.
High-temperature oxidation-resistant NiCr/Al DUPLEX coating on CT3 STEEL SUBSTRATE
Authors: Cuong Ly Quoc , Tuan Nguyen Van , Ha Pham Thi , Ly Pham Thi , Quan Vo An , Thuy Dao Bich , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Quy Le Thu
Published: March 2020

The oxidation resistance property of NiCr/Al duplex coating system has been evaluated at 800oC during retention times of 1.5; 3; 4.5 and 6 hours. After the oxidation test, SEM-EDS data indicated the diffusion of aluminum into the NiCr coating, whereas  XRD patterns revealed the appearance of new phases (Al3Ni2, Al2O3). In addition, an increase in micro-hardness (up to 518 - 842 Hv) was obtained after oxidation test. These obtained findings indicated that NiCr/Al coating had higher oxidation resistance than NiCr coating.
DEGRADATION OF DEPROTEINIZED NATURAL RUBBER BY GORDONIA SP. ISOLATED FROM ENRICHMENT CONSORTIA
Authors: Huong Nguyen Lan
Published: March 2020

Biodegradation is a potential way of decomposing deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR). The enrichment consortia were demonstrated from a rubber processing factor waste. Nine DPNR-degrading bacteria were isolated from those consortia. The highest DPNR film weight loss in a mineral salt medium (MSM) was 43.92 ± 2.30 % after 30 days incubation using strain 5A1. The formation of aldehyde group during rubber degradation of 5A1 was determined using Schiff staining and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence, of 5A1 showed the highest identity with that of Gordonia soli CC-AB07. This is the first report to demonstrate a strong ability to degrade DPNR by Gordonia sp.
Walking the Talk: moving forwards with sustained shared thinking and dialogic teaching
Authors: Gripton Catherine , Knight Rupert
Published: March 2020

Dialogic teaching has enormous potential to harness the power of talk in developing children's thinking but is sometimes challenging to enact within today's policy context. Similarly, sustained shared thinking is an established and powerful practice with children in the early years
but faces pressure within today's educational climate. Though closely related, the two have been addressed largely separately until now. The authors argue for drawing dialogic teaching and sustained shared thinking together more explicitly by reviewing how they are similar yet distinctive,
and by offering a continuum model for practice, throughout school, which takes a dialogic stance. They suggest that this more holistic approach may empower teachers to utilise these powerful forms of pedagogy. Establishing a continuum within which sustained shared thinking and the many pedagogies
of dialogic teaching align may strengthen both perspectives in the face of outside pressures and help to clarify the position of productive dialogue throughout the curriculum.
Application of a new hybrid non-linear Muskingum model to flood routing
Authors: Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Mohammad-Azari Sahar , Hamedi Farzan , Pazoki Maryam , Loáiciga Hugo A.
Published: March 2020

This paper introduces a hybrid non-linear Muskingum model for flood routing. The proposed hybrid model has more degrees of freedom for fitting observed data than other non-linear Muskingum models. The main goal of this work is to develop a comprehensive model for outflow routing. The proposed hybrid model's predictive skill is evaluated with experimental, real and multimodal hydrograph-routing problems. The results confirm the predictive skill of the hybrid model based on the minimisation of the sum of the square deviation (SSD) between observed and routed outflows, the sum of the absolute value of the deviations (SAD) between the observed outflow and the computed outflow, and the deviations between the peak of the routed and actual outflows (DPO). Results from this study show the hybrid model improved the SSD by 79, 15 and 5%, SAD by 50, 2 and 5%, and the DPO by 77, 4 and 34% compared with the best alternative Muskingum model in solving the experimental, real and multimodal example problems, respectively.
İkinci Basamak Bir Sağlık Kuruluşunda Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı ve Pediatri Kliniği İşbirliği
Authors: CELEP Gökçe , ÖZÇELİK Hüseyin Burak , GÜÇKAN Rıdvan
Published: March 2020

GİRİŞ: Enfeksiyon hastalıkları pediatri pratiğinde sık rastlanan hastalıklardır. Tanı ve tedavi yönetiminde kültür tetkikleri oldukça önemlidir. Pediatri Kliniği ve Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı iş birliği kurumların akılcı ilaç kullanımı politikasının belirlenmesinde vazgeçilmezdir. Bu yazıda, bir il merkezinde pediatrik hasta grubunda kültür tetkiklerinin kullanım sıklığı ve etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi, kültür materyali alım tekniklerinin okuyucuya hatırlatılması amaçlanmıştır.GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: 1 Nisan 2016-31 Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı’na kabul edilen tüm kaliteli kültür örnekleri hastane ve laboratuvar kayıt sistemi üzerinden retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Her örnek için uygun kültür alma, işleme ve değerlendirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. BULGULAR: Çalışma süresince 515 kan, 3640 idrar, 209 konjonktiva, 32 yara, 143 göbek sürüntüsü, 220 boğaz, 69 solunum yolu sekresyonu ve 65 gaita örneği kültür yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Üreme sonuçlarında mikroorganizma dağılımı ve antibiyogram duyarlılıkları pediatrik yaş grubuna uygun seçeneklerle belirtilmiştir. Üremelerin %18’inde çoklu dirençli mikroorganizmalar söz konusudur.SONUÇ: Pediatri Kliniği ve Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı iş birliğinin arttırılması, güçlendirilmesi için deneyimlerin paylaşılması gereklidir. Belli aralıklarla tekrarlanan surveyans çalışmaları etkin ampirik tedavilerin belirlenmesini sağlamaktadır. Özellikle pediatrik yaş grubunda akılcı ilaç kullanımı gelecek nesillerin daha sağlıklı olmasında önemlidir. Böylelikle antibiyotik direnç sorununun azaltılmasına katkıda bulunulabilir.
Incidence of Pressure Ulcers In The Patients On Mechanical Ventilation: A Prospective Study
Authors: KARAHAN Elif , ÇELİK Sevim , UÇAR Özge
Published: March 2020

Aim: The
aim of this study was to determine the incidence of pressure ulcers among the
patients on mechanical ventilation.Methods: The
type of the study was cross-sectional and prospective. It was carried out in 5
intensive care units of a state hospital located in Western Black Sea region of
Turkey. The sample of the study included 260 patients who began to get
mechanical ventilatory support. Pressure ulcer risk in patients was assessed by
Braden Risk Assessment Scale at 10th hour, 1st week and 2nd week timepoints
following the initiation of mechanical ventilatory support. Results: Mean age of the patients was 54±10 years;  52.7% were males; and 55.4% had a Body Mass
Index within normal range. It was determined that 46.5% of the patients were
hospitalized due to the diagnosis of a cerebrovascular event; the state of
consciousness was confused in 52.3% and mean Braden Risk
Assessment Scale was 11.0±2.64. It was observed that
the incidence of pressure ulcers was 10.8% at 10th hour, 58.5% at first week
and 71.15% at second week following the beginning of mechanical ventilation
treatment. At the end of second week, stage1 pressure ulcer was developed on
the sacrum in 30% and on coccyx area in 22.7% of the patients.

Conclusion:It
was found that the incidence of pressure ulcer development risk was
significantly high among the patients who underwent mechanical ventilation
treatment. Considering the effect of mechanical ventilator and other factors,
taking primary protective precautions for preventing pressure ulcers was
suggested to be very important.
Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism and Its Other Benefits
Authors: CELEP Gökçe , DURMAZ Zeynep
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
AIM: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism and analyze neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels to estimate iodine status in our province.
MATERIALS and METHODS: This study was conducted in the pediatric clinics of a government hospital in middle-northern Turkey. The data of national neonatal screening program (NNSP) for congenital hypothyroidism and thyroid function tests (free tetraiodothyronine (fT4), TSH) through hospital records were presented. The rate and severity of iodine deficiency was assessed by using the WHO epidemiologic criteria
RESULTS: In this retrospectively designed cross-sectional study 1324 newborns were evaluated. Most of the participants had normal thyroid functions, 15.4% had transient hyperthyrotropinemia of the newborn, 2.7% had subclinical hypothyroidism 1.5% had congenital hypothyroidism (CH). The prevalence of hyperthyrotropinemia was high (26.1%), revealing moderate iodine deficiency.
CONCLUSION: Hyperthyrotropinemia is a significant problem in our province. The clinical follow up of the patients can be managed by general pediatricians. Evaluating TSH and fT4 levels seems to be the only way of diagnosing thyroid disorders of the newborn and provides indirect epidemiologic clues for iodine status of the local population. A preventable nutritional public health problem can be solved with a single step by interpreting the data of NNSP.

ÖZET
AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada ilimizde konjenital hipotiroidi sıklığı ve yenidoğanlarda tiroid hormonu uyarıcı hormon (tiroid stimülan hormon (TSH)) düzeyleri üzerinden iyot eksikliği durumunun saptanması amaçlandı.
GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Çalışma Orta Karadeniz’de bir devlet hastanesinin Pediatri bölümünde yürütüldü. Ulusal tarama programı ile hastane kayıtlarından elde edilen tiroid işlev testlerinin sonuçları sunuldu. İyot eksikliği durumu Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından belirlenen epidemiyolojik kriterlere göre tanımlandı.
BULGULAR: Bin üç yüz yirmi dört term, sağlıklı yenidoğanın değerlendirildiği bu retrospektif, kesitsel çalışmada katılımcılarının çoğunda tiroid işlevleri normal sınırlarda idi. Katılımcıların %15,4’ünde yenidoğanın geçici tirotropinemisi, %2,7’sinde subklinik hipotiroidi, %1,5’inde konjenital hipotiroidi saptandı. Hipertiritropinemi sıklığı %26,1 idi, bu durum DSÖ’ne göre “orta düzeyde iyot eksikliği bölgesi” kriterleri ile uyumluydu.
SONUÇ: İlimiz için konjenital hipotirioidi ve iyot eksikliği önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu hastaların klinik takibi ve tedavisi çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları uzmanları tarafından yürütülebilir. Tiroid işlev testlerinin değerlendirilmesi yenidoğan dönemi tiroid bozukluklarının tanısında tek araç olarak görünmektedir. Bu sayede saptanan dolaylı epidemiyolojik veriler, yaşanılan bölgenin iyot eksikliği sıklığı hakkında da bilgi sağlar. Yenidoğan tarama programı sonuçlarının doğru yorumlanması önlenebilir bir besinsel eksiklik sorununun da çözülmesine yardımcı olur.
From Chinglish to New Chinglish — A Critical Exploration of Chinese ELF
Authors: Hou Yiran
Published: March 2020

Predominant status of English in politics, science, technology and intercultural communications leads to fierce debate over the so-called “ownership” of the English language. Considering the major agent in the spread and development of English around the world, increasing arguments have favoured the position of English as a lingua franca (ELF) shaped more by English’s non-native speakers. This echoes growing advocacy in Chinese academia of legitimatising Chinese ELF and implementing it to the English education. This paper suggests the emergence of an imagined Chinese ELF community in response to the paradox under the Post-Multilingual context that individuals adopt and adapt English for intercultural communication while this may endanger local culture and identity. However, it argues that Chinese ELF is hard to be legitimatised officially and applied to teaching contexts due to its immanent self-contradiction and attitudes of the Chinese public — its aimed recipients — towards embracing and using it formally. Key point lies in the fact that under today’s context of Anglo-hegemony, it is still native speakers who remain arbiters of the form of the English language spread and taught over the globe, essentially preventing Chinese ELF from being recognised.
C-E Translation Practice of the Chapter “Maritime Silk Road of the Indian Ocean” of the Book The Silk Road
Authors: Shen Min
Published: March 2020

The Silk Road written and edited by Professor Liu Yingsheng introduces the origin, rise and decline of the Silk Road and its unique status in world history. Through describing the evolution of the Silk Road and history and geography of countries along the route, this work reproduces the prosperity of the Silk Road at a time dated back to thousands of years ago. The chapter “Maritime Silk Road of the Indian Ocean” excerpted from the book describes intense cultural exchanges between ancient China and India, presenting hard evidence of strong ties between these two civilizations. This paper starts with brief introductions to source text analysis and translation preparations including pre-translation, while-translation and post-translation proofreading are then exemplified. Translation difficulties such as translation of proper names, specifically names of places and nations and of books and translation of classical Chinese are analyzed with examples and solutions proposed for reference.
Gender Specifics of Personality Component in the Structure of Career Potential of University Students
Authors: Vasilyeva E.N. , Scherbakov A.V.
Published: March 2020

The article presents data of a study on gender differences of the personality component in the structure of career potential in future managers. Identifying the level of career potential components formation at the initial stage of university education allows to outline a program of harmonization of career potential and to implement it at each stage of university education, taking into account the age, personal characteristics and professional orientation of the students. The study involved 234 students aged 18—19 years, 117 males and 117 females. It was revealed that the male subjects, as compared to the female subjects, showed higher developmental levels of motivational, regulatory and emotional characteristics of the personality component in the structure of their career potential, which in the future could become the basis for their rapid career growth. The articleconcludes that there’s an obvious need for the development and implementation of programmes supporting the individual career path in university students.
Successful Learning: Relationship Between Fluid Intelligence and Working Memory
Authors: Rzhanova I.E. , Alekseeva O.S. , Burdukova Y.A.
Published: March 2020

The article provides an overview of modern works devoted to the study of the relationship between fluid intelligence and working memory. Recently, the world of psychological science has been actively discussing the topic of fluid intelligence and its impact on the academic achievements in childhood. One of the main cognitive characteristics most clearly associated with fluid intelligence is working memory. Working memory is a complex integrative function, in the implementation of which short-term and long-term memory, as well as executive control of attention, are involved. Until now, the debatable question remains, which of the components of working memory is most closely related to fluid intelligence. A number of studies conclude that the role of short-term memory is predominant, while in others executive control is called the most important component. A special place in the study of the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence is occupied by scientific works which raise the question of the possibilities of improvement of fluid intelligence using working memory training series. In a number of training experiments, it was possible to obtain an improvement in the participants' fluid intelligence indicators after a series of working memory trainings.
N.I. Vavilov, VIR, university
Authors: Inge-Vechtomov Sergey G.
Published: March 2020

Contacts between N.I. Vavilov (VIR) and Yu.A. Filipchenko (Dept. of Genetics, Leningrad State University) reflect close interaction of science and education in fundamental and applied genetics at the first halve of XX century. This interaction put the basis for the future Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the first director of which became N.I. Vavilov at 1933. 1932 by Vavilivs initiative there had been organized Dept. of Plant Genetics in the University under leadership of Karpechenko. Mller and Bridges had been teaching in the University being invited by Vavilov in Institute of Genetics. The revival of genetics in the University at 50-s of XX century, after lysenkoism period, proceeded under the influence of Vavilov even perished 1943 in prison. The role of Lobashev and Feodorov in those events is evident.
GAZ VE TOZ BULUTUNDAN: 3B SANAL ÖĞRENME ORTAMI GELİŞTİRİRKEN KARŞILAŞILAN SORUNLARIN AŞILMASI
Authors: TOPU Burcu , REİSOĞLU İlknur , Karakuş Yılmaz Türkan , Öztürk M. Ertuğrul , Göktaş Yüksel
Published: March 2020

Üç boyutlu sanal dünyalar öğrenme ortamları olarak kullanıcılarına
yeni ufuklar kazandırmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte, üç boyutlu öğrenme
ortamlarının belirlenen hedeflere ulaşılmasında etkili olabilmeleri için
dikkatli bir şekilde tasarlanmaları gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Second Life’ta
kış sporları teması altında bir öğrenme ortamının tasarım süreci ayrıntılı
olarak anlatılmaktadır. Analiz, tasarım, geliştirme ve uygulama aşamalarında
dikkat edilmesi gereken unsurlardan bahsedilmektedir. Çalışmada, 3B sanal dünyalarda
etkili bir öğrenme ortamı tasarımı sırasında kaçınılması gereken önemli
faktörler tartıştıldığı için gelecek tasarımcılara rehber olması
beklenmektedir.
Representation of History in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006
Authors: Morve Roshan K.
Published: March 2020

This study deals with the conflict of Nigerian Biafran War 6 July, 1960-15 January, 1967 as represented in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Half of a Yellow Sun (2006). The study attempts to address the following four questions: first, what are the causes-effects of Biafran/Civil war? Second, why Nigerians have been suffering during the wartime? Third, how does the representation of Nigerian history enable understanding of the post-colonial issues? And final, what is the role of conflict in Nigerian history? In order to understand this conflict, the study addresses the detailed analysis of war conflict, ethnic conflict, class conflict, military conflict and eco-political conflict. The post-colonial approach becomes one of the ways of engaging the theoretical understanding of the novel Half of a Yellow Sun. In sum up, the novel is located with the issues of marginality, history and conflict, which interrogates through post-colonial theoretical formations and the six-phase structure of war novels.
Being Brown: The Inconvenient Truth
Authors: Ledesma Ma. Raiza
Published: March 2020

This is an analysis to a Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards winner short story entitled Sunburn by Gilda Cordero-Fernando. It tackles themes such as racial discrimination, inequality and assimilation.
Assessment of the Process of Recruitment of School Evaluators for Primary Schools in South East, Nigeria
Authors: Ifeyinwa O. Ezenwaji
Published: March 2020

Inadequate and use of unqualified and untrained personnel in the inspectorate services resulting in poor quality output in the school system has created a gap in teachers’ preparation and update in Nigerian evaluators. Meaningful and quality education can only be achieved with the guide and check of qualified and modern evaluators. The article attempts to find out how criteria for recruitment of evaluators are adhered to and problems the evaluators encounter in their practices as evaluators in South East, Nigeria and proffer solution. A descriptive survey was adopted for the study, two research questions and two null hypotheses, tested at (p<.05) level of significance, were used. Through a multistage procedure, three out of the five states were selected from the south-east zone. 371 head-teachers from public primary schools and 257 evaluators of the inspectorate services were sampled. A 38 items questionnaire titled. Primary school Assessment questionnaire (PSAQ), covering different areas of school evaluation was developed by the researcher to get information from respondents, the head teachers and the evaluators. The finding of the study showed that there is significant difference between the mean rating of evaluators and head teachers with regards to the application of criteria guiding the recruitment of evaluators. The Government should also develop a new programme for the unit.
Cognitive Learning Strategies and the Students in Tertiary Institution
Authors: Igbo Janet Ngozi , Felicia Mbagwu , Oboegbulem A.
Published: March 2020

The level of students educational performances remain sources of concern to every stakeholder in the education sector. Many techniques have been tried to find the solution to this problem. Researchers have recommended different methods more especially cognitive learning strategies. Recently, students have been exposed to cognitive learning strategies, yet the performances of students do not justify the application of these strategies.  The researchers examined the extent of students’ awareness of these cognitive strategies as well as the extent of the application. The study was guided by two purposes and two research questions. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. In carrying out the study Faculty of education, University of Nigeria was used. The results indicated that the students are aware of almost all the cognitive strategies, but the problem was that the students minimally applied these learning strategies. While some were not applied at all.
Depolanmış Tarama Çamurlarının Sıkışabilirlik ve Mukavemet Davranışının Laboratuvar ve Arazi Deneyleri ile İncelenmesi
Authors: BİÇER Perihan , KILIÇ Havvanur , ÖZENER Pelin
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, Haliç tarama çamurunun karada depolanması durumunda, kendi ağırlığı altında ve sürşarj yükleri etkisindeki sıkışabilirlik ve mukavemet davranışı incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, taranan çamurun karada depolanması durumunda kendi ağırlığı altında konsolidasyon davranışını incelemek için laboratuvarda dört adet büyük boyutlu model deney ve bir adet küçük boyutlu sedimantasyon deneyi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu deneylerde kendi ağırlığı altında konsolidasyondan sonra alınan örselenmemiş numuneler üzerinde yapılan ödometre deneyleri ile sürşarj yükleri etkisindeki sıkışabilirlik ve model deneylerde yapılan veyn deneyi ile derinlik boyunca drenajsız kayma mukavemeti ölçülmüştür. Zeminin kendi ağırlığı altındaki konsolidasyon davranışını incelemek için gerçekleştirilen model deneyler ve sedimentasyon deneyinden ölçülen oturma değerlerinden konsolidasyon katsayısı cv’nin 0.91-10.72 m2/yıl aralığında ve drenajsız kayma mukavemetinin de 4-20 kPa arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Tarama çamurunun karada depolanmasından 13 yıl sonra yapılan arazi deneylerinden belirlenen drenajsız kayma mukavemeti (SPT N darbe sayısına bağlı olarak ve UU deneylerinden) benzer şekilde cu=4-20 kPa arasında değişim göstermiştir. Haliç’ten taranan ve eski taş ocağında depolanan yaklaşık 25 m kalınlıktaki tarama çamurunun düşük taşıma gücüne ve yüksek sıkışabilirliğe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
MALAYSIAN STUDENTS' SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT TO THE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS IN EGYPT, MOROCCO, AND JORDAN
Authors: Ismail Wail Muin , Mahmoud Awad Zakaria Alcheikh , Zailani Muhammad Azhar , Di Xuan
Published: March 2020

Purpose of the study: This study examines the social adjustment of Malaysian students studying in Egypt, Morocco, and Jordan. Quantitative, comparative and case study methods were used.

Methodology: Through the questionnaire, in which the social adjustment of the students to the university campus was defined, a total of 587 questionnaires were answered by Malaysian students studying in the three countries. SPSS software was used to carry out the calculation of the mean, t-test, ANOVA and Tukey HSD analysis.

Main Findings: The outcome of the analysis shows that Malaysian male and female students reached the medium level of social adjustment in the three countries. The differences in the means of female and male responses have no significance. Malaysian student's adjustment to the class climate was higher than that of the environment outside. Malaysian students more adjusted with a university campus in Jordan and Egypt than they are in Morocco.

Applications of this study: This study showed a view of conditions Malaysian students in Jordan, Morocco, and Egypt. It will be helpful for students, universities, teachers to be aware of foreign students’ social adjustment issues and pay more attention to this particular problem.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This paper found Malaysian students are more adjusted to the university campus in Jordan and Egypt than they are in Morocco. This suggests that Morocco is a better destination for study for Malaysian students as long as the social adjustment is concerned.