bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method for the Identification and Classification of Zones with Vehicular Congestion
Authors: Reyes Gary , Tolozano-Benites Roberto , Lanzarini Laura , Estrebou César , Bariviera Aurelio F. , Barzola-Monteses Julio
Published: February 2024

Persistently, urban regions grapple with the ongoing challenge of vehicular traffic, a predicament fueled by the incessant expansion of the population and the rise in the number of vehicles on the roads. The recurring challenge of vehicular congestion casts a negative influence on urban mobility, thereby diminishing the overall quality of life of residents. It is hypothesized that a dynamic clustering method of vehicle trajectory data can provide an accurate and up-to-date representation of real-time traffic behavior. To evaluate this hypothesis, data were collected from three different cities: San Francisco, Rome, and Guayaquil. A dynamic clustering algorithm was applied to identify traffic congestion patterns, and an indicator was applied to identify and evaluate the congestion conditions of the areas. The findings indicate a heightened level of precision and recall in congestion classification when contrasted with an approach relying on static cells.
Exploring Forest Fire Dynamics: Fire Danger Mapping in Antalya Region, Türkiye
Authors: Atalay Hatice , Dervisoglu Adalet , Sunar Ayse Filiz
Published: February 2024

The Mediterranean region experiences the annual destruction of thousands of hectares due to climatic conditions. This study examines forest fires in Türkiye’s Antalya region, a Mediterranean high-risk area, from 2000 to 2023, analyzing 26 fires that each damaged over 50 hectares. Fire danger maps created from fire weather indexes (FWI) indicated that 85.7% of the analyzed fire areas were categorized within the high to very extreme danger categories. The study evaluated fire danger maps from EFFIS FWI and ERA5 FWI, both derived from meteorological satellite data, for 14 forest fires between 2019 and 2023. With its better spatial resolution, it was found that EFFIS FWI had a higher correlation (0.98) with in situ FWIs. Since FWIs are calculated from temperature and fire moisture subcomponents, the correlations of satellite-based temperature (MODIS Land Surface Temperature—LST) and soil moisture (SMAP) data with FWIs were investigated. The in situ FWI demonstrated a positive correlation of 0.96 with MODIS LST, 0.92 with EFFIS FWI, and 0.93 with ERA5 FWI. The negative correlation between all FWIs and SMAP soil moisture highlighted a strong relationship, with the highest observed in in situ FWI (−0.93) and −0.90 and −0.87 for EFFIS FWI and ERA5 FWI, respectively.
Proteomic Analysis of a Rat Streptozotocin Model Shows Dysregulated Biological Pathways Implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: da Silva Esdras Matheus Gomes , Fischer Juliana S. G. , Souza Isadora de Lourdes Signorini , Andrade Amanda Caroline Camillo , Souza Leonardo de Castro e , Andrade Marcos Kaoann de , Carvalho Paulo C. , Souza Ricardo Lehtonen Rodrigues , Vital Maria Aparecida Barbato Frazao , Passetti Fabio
Published: February 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment, affecting 35 million individuals worldwide. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of low to moderate doses of streptozotocin (STZ) in adult male Wistar rats can reproduce classical physiopathological hallmarks of AD. This biological model is known as ICV-STZ. Most studies are focused on the description of behavioral and morphological aspects of the ICV-STZ model. However, knowledge regarding the molecular aspects of the ICV-STZ model is still incipient. Therefore, this work is a first attempt to provide a wide proteome description of the ICV-STZ model based on mass spectrometry (MS). To achieve that, samples from the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) of the ICV-STZ model and control (wild-type) were used. Differential protein abundance, pathway, and network analysis were performed based on the protein identification and quantification of the samples. Our analysis revealed dysregulated biological pathways implicated in the early stages of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), based on differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Some of these DAPs had their mRNA expression further investigated through qRT-PCR. Our results shed light on the AD onset and demonstrate the ICV-STZ as a valid model for LOAD proteome description.
Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in Three-Dimensional Models: A New Tool for Addressing the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis as a Prototype of Fibrotic Vasculopathies
Authors: Bodio Caterina , Milesi Alessandra , Lonati Paola Adele , Chighizola Cecilia Beatrice , Mauro Alessandro , Pradotto Luca Guglielmo , Meroni Pier Luigi , Borghi Maria Orietta , Raschi Elena
Published: February 2024

Two-dimensional in vitro cultures have represented a milestone in biomedical and pharmacological research. However, they cannot replicate the architecture and interactions of in vivo tissues. Moreover, ethical issues regarding the use of animals have triggered strategies alternative to animal models. The development of three-dimensional (3D) models offers a relevant tool to investigate disease pathogenesis and treatment, modeling in vitro the in vivo environment. We aimed to develop a dynamic 3D in vitro model for culturing human endothelial cells (ECs) and skin fibroblasts, simulating the structure of the tissues mainly affected in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a prototypical autoimmune fibrotic vasculopathy. Dermal fibroblasts and umbilical vein ECs grown in scaffold or hydrogel, respectively, were housed in bioreactors under flow. Fibroblasts formed a tissue-like texture with the deposition of a new extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECs assembled tube-shaped structures with cell polarization. The fine-tuned dynamic modular system allowing 3D fibroblast/EC culture connection represents a valuable model of the in vivo interplay between the main players in fibrotic vasculopathy as SSc. This model can lead to a more accurate study of the disease’s pathogenesis, avoiding the use of animals, and to the development of novel therapies, possibly resulting in improved patient management.
De Novo p.Asp3368Gly Variant of Dystrophin Gene Associated with X-Linked Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Skeletal Myopathy: Clinical Features and In Silico Analysis
Authors: d’Apolito Maria , Ranaldi Alessandra , Santoro Francesco , Cannito Sara , Gravina Matteo , Santacroce Rosa , Ragnatela Ilaria , Margaglione Alessandra , D’Andrea Giovanna , Casavecchia Grazia , Brunetti Natale Daniele , Margaglione Maurizio
Published: February 2024

Dystrophin (DMD) gene mutations are associated with skeletal muscle diseases such as Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) and X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (XL-DCM). To investigate the molecular basis of DCM in a 37-year-old woman. Clinical and genetic investigations were performed. Genetic testing was performed with whole exome sequencing (WES) using the Illumina platform. According to the standard protocol, a variant found by WES was confirmed in all available members of the family by bi-directional capillary Sanger resequencing. The effect of the variant was investigated by using an in silico prediction of pathogenicity. The index case was a 37-year-old woman diagnosed with DCM at the age of 33. A germline heterozygous A>G transversion at nucleotide 10103 in the DMD gene, leading to an aspartic acid–glycine substitution at the amino acid 3368 of the DMD protein (c.10103A>G p.Asp3368Gly), was identified and confirmed by PCR-based Sanger sequencing of the exon 70. In silico prediction suggests that this variant could have a deleterious impact on protein structure and functionality (CADD = 30). The genetic analysis was extended to the first-degree relatives of the proband (mother, father, and sister) and because of the absence of the variant in both parents, the p.Asp3368Gly substitution was considered as occurring de novo. Then, the direct sequencing analysis of her 8-year-old son identified as hemizygous for the same variant. The young patient did not present any signs or symptoms attributable to DCM, but reported asthenia and presented with bilateral calf hypertrophy at clinical examination. Laboratory testing revealed increased levels of creatinine kinase (maximum value of 19,000 IU/L). We report an early presentation of dilated cardiomyopathy in a 33-year-old woman due to a de novo pathogenic variant of the dystrophin (DMD) gene (p.Asp3368Gly). Genetic identification of this variant allowed an early diagnosis of a skeletal muscle disease in her son.
Cellular and Molecular Determinants of Biologic Drugs Resistance and Therapeutic Failure in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Puca Pierluigi , Capobianco Ivan , Coppola Gaetano , Di Vincenzo Federica , Trapani Valentina , Petito Valentina , Laterza Lucrezia , Pugliese Daniela , Lopetuso Loris Riccardo , Scaldaferri Franco
Published: February 2024

The advent of biologic drugs has revolutionized the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, increasing rates of response and mucosal healing in comparison to conventional therapies by allowing the treatment of corticosteroid-refractory cases and reducing corticosteroid-related side effects. However, biologic therapies (anti-TNFα inhibitors, anti-α4β7 integrin and anti-IL12/23) are still burdened by rates of response that hover around 40% (in biologic-naïve patients) or lower (for biologic-experienced patients). Moreover, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance or loss of response is still scarce. Several cellular and molecular determinants are implied in therapeutic failure; genetic predispositions, in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the sequence of cytokines or Human Leukocyte Antigen, or an altered expression of cytokines and other molecules involved in the inflammation cascade, play the most important role. Accessory mechanisms include gut microbiota dysregulation. In this narrative review of the current and most recent literature, we shed light on the mentioned determinants of therapeutic failure in order to pave the way for a more personalized approach that could help avoid unnecessary treatments and toxicities.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Challenge of Tumor Differentiation and Chemotherapy Response
Authors: Bhushan Bhavya , Iranpour Rosa , Eshtiaghi Amirmohammad , da Silva Rosa Simone C. , Lindsey Benjamin W. , Gordon Joseph W. , Ghavami Saeid
Published: February 2024

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), an invasive subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), is associated with chromosomal translocation events resulting in one of two oncogenic fusion genes, PAX3-FOXO1 or PAX7-FOXO1. ARMS patients exhibit an overexpression of the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). This overexpression of TGF-β1 causes an increased expression of a downstream transcription factor called SNAIL, which promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overexpression of TGF-β also inhibits myogenic differentiation, making ARMS patients highly resistant to chemotherapy. In this review, we first describe different types of RMS and then focus on ARMS and the impact of TGF-β in this tumor type. We next highlight current chemotherapy strategies, including a combination of the FDA-approved drugs vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC); cabozantinib; bortezomib; vinorelbine; AZD 1775; and cisplatin. Lastly, we discuss chemotherapy agents that target the differentiation of tumor cells in ARMS, which include all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and 5-Azacytidine. Improving our understanding of the role of signaling pathways, such as TGF-β1, in the development of ARMS tumor cells differentiation will help inform more tailored drug administration in the future.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Current Research on Cancer Biology and Therapeutics”
Authors: Coveñas Rafael
Published: February 2024

Cancer is a major health problem, in 2020 caused 10 million deaths and in 2040, 28,4 million patients suffering from the disease are expected [...]
Is There a Link between the Molecular Basis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases? Systematic Review
Authors: Ventura Ignacio , Meira-Blanco Gemma Clara , Legidos-García María Ester , Pérez-Bermejo Marcelino , Murillo-Llorente María Teresa
Published: February 2024

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is currently the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. It is known to have no single identity, but a variety of diagnoses. Under-diagnosis is a barrier to early treatment and reduced complications of the disease. Other immune-mediated diseases may coexist in the same patient, making research in this area relevant. The main objective was to analyse whether links could be established between the molecular basis of JIA and other immune-mediated diseases. Early diagnosis may benefit patients with JIA, which in most cases goes undetected, leading to under-diagnosis, which can have a negative impact on children affected by the disease as they grow up. Methods: We performed a PRISMA systematic review focusing on immune molecules present in different autoimmune diseases. Results: A total of 13 papers from different countries dealing with the molecular basis of JIA and other immune diseases were evaluated and reviewed. Conclusions: Most of the autoimmune diseases analysed responded to the same group of drugs. Unfortunately, the reason for the under-diagnosis of these diseases remains unknown, as no evidence has been found to correlate the immunomolecular basis with the under-diagnosis of these immune-mediated diseases. The lack of information in this area means that further research is needed in order to provide a sound basis for preventing the development of immune-mediated diseases, especially in children, and to improve their quality of life through early diagnosis and treatment.
Dielectric Spectroscopy of Non-Stoichiometric SrMnO3 Thin Films
Authors: Zeng Shuang , Yang Jing , Liu Qingqing , Bai Jiawei , Bai Wei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Tang Xiaodong
Published: February 2024

The dielectric properties of non-stoichiometric SrMnO3 (SMO) thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy were systematically investigated. Especially, the effects of cation stoichiometry-induced diverse types and densities of defects on the dielectric properties of SMO films were revealed. Two anomalous dielectric relaxation behaviors were observed at different temperatures in both Sr-rich and Mn-rich samples. High-temperature dielectric relaxation, resulting from a short-range Mn-related Jahn–Teller (JT) polaron hopping motion, was reinforced by an enhancement of JT polaron density in the Sr-rich film, which contained abundant SrO Ruddlesden–Popper (R-P) stacking faults. However, an excessive number of disordered Sr vacancy clusters in Mn-rich thin film suppressed the hopping path of JT polarons and enormously weakened this dielectric relaxation. Thus, The Sr-rich film demonstrated a higher dielectric constant and dielectric loss than the Mn-rich film. In addition, low-temperature dielectric relaxation may be attributed to the polarization/charge glass state.
Impact of Intracranial Volume and Brain Volume on the Prognostic Value of Computed Tomography Perfusion Core Volume in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hoving Jan W. , Konduri Praneeta R. , Tolhuisen Manon L. , Koopman Miou S. , van Voorst Henk , Van Poppel Laura M. , Daems Jasper D. , van Es Adriaan C. G. M. , van Walderveen Marianne A. A. , Lingsma Hester F. , Dippel Diederik W. J. , Van Zwam Wim H. , Marquering Henk A. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Emmer Bart J.
Published: February 2024

Background: Computed tomography perfusion (CTP)-estimated core volume is associated with functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. This relationship might differ among patients, depending on brain volume. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included patients from the MR CLEAN Registry. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and intracranial volume (ICV) were automatically segmented on NCCT. We defined the proportion of the ICV and total brain volume (TBV) affected by the ischemic core as ICVcore and TBVcore. Associations between the core volume, ICVcore, TBVcore, and functional outcome are reported per interquartile range (IQR). We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to assess diagnostic accuracy. Results: In 200 patients, the median core volume was 13 (5–41) mL. Median ICV and TBV were 1377 (1283–1456) mL and 1108 (1020–1197) mL. Median ICVcore and TBVcore were 0.9 (0.4–2.8)% and 1.7 (0.5–3.6)%. Core volume (acOR per IQR 0.48 [95%CI 0.33–0.69]), ICVcore (acOR per IQR 0.50 [95%CI 0.35–0.69]), and TBVcore (acOR per IQR 0.41 95%CI 0.33–0.67]) showed a lower likelihood of achieving improved functional outcomes after 90 days. The AUC was 0.80 for the prediction of functional independence at 90 days for the CTP-estimated core volume, the ICVcore, and the TBVcore. Conclusion: Correcting the CTP-estimated core volume for the intracranial or total brain volume did not improve the association with functional outcomes in patients who underwent EVT.
Mesh Rectopexy or Resection Rectopexy for Rectal Prolapse; Is There a Gold Standard Method: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Koimtzis Georgios , Stefanopoulos Leandros , Geropoulos Georgios , Chalklin Christopher G. , Karniadakis Ioannis , Alawad Awad A. , Alexandrou Vyron , Tteralli Nikos , Carrington-Windo Eliot , Papacharalampous Andreas , Psarras Kyriakos
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Rectal prolapse is a benign condition that mainly affects females and the elderly. The most common symptoms are constipation and incontinence. The treatment of choice is surgical, but so far, there has been no gold standard method. The aim of this study is to compare the two most common intrabdominal procedures utilized for treating rectal prolapse: the resection rectopexy and the mesh rectopexy. (2) Methods: In this study, we conducted a thorough systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature and compared the two different approaches regarding their complication rate, recurrence rate, and improvement of symptoms rate. (3) Results: No statistically significant difference between the two methods was found regarding the operating time, the length of stay, the overall complication rate, the surgical site infection rate, the cardiopulmonary complication rate, the improvement in constipation and incontinence rates, and the recurrence rate. (4) Conclusions: Our study revealed that mesh rectopexy and resection rectopexy for rectal prolapse have similar short- and long-term outcomes. As a result, the decision for the procedure used should be individualized and based on the surgeon’s preference and expertise.
Airway and Anaesthetic Management of Adult Patients with Mucopolysaccharidoses Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Mayhew David , Palmer Kenneth , Wilson Ian , Watson Stuart , Stepien Karolina M. , Jenkins Petra , Gadepalli Chaitanya
Published: February 2024

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are rare congenital lysosomal storage disorders due to a deficiency of enzymes metabolising glycosaminoglycans, leading to their accumulation in tissues. This multisystem disease often requires surgical intervention, including valvular cardiac surgery. Adult MPSs have complex airways making anaesthesia risky. Methods: We report novel three-dimensional (3D) modelling airway assessments and multidisciplinary peri-operative airway management. Results: Five MPS adults underwent cardiac surgery at the national MPS cardiac centre (type I = 4, type II = 1; ages 20, 24, 33, 35, 37 years; two males, three females). All had complex airway abnormalities. Assessments involved examination, nasendoscopy, imaging, functional studies, 3D reconstruction, virtual endoscopy, virtual reality and simulation using computerised, physical modelling. Awake oral fibre-optic intubation was achieved via airway conduit. Staged extubation was performed on the first post-operative day under laryngo-tracheoscopic guidance. The post-operative period involved chest physiotherapy and occupational therapy. All patients had safe intubation, ventilation and extubation. Four had good cardiac surgical outcomes, one (MPS type I; age 35 years) was inoperable due to endocarditis. None had post-operative airway complications. Conclusions: Expertise from cardiovascular-heart team, multidisciplinary airway management, use of novel techniques is vital. Traditional airway assessments are insufficient, so ENT input, radiology and computerised methods to assess and simulate the airway in 3D by collaboration with clinical engineering is essential.
A Prospective Study on the Progression, Recurrence, and Regression of Cervical Lesions: Assessing Various Screening Approaches
Authors: Gisca Tudor , Munteanu Iulian-Valentin , Vasilache Ingrid-Andrada , Melinte-Popescu Alina-Sinziana , Volovat Simona , Scripcariu Ioana-Sadyie , Balan Raluca-Anca , Pavaleanu Ioana , Socolov Razvan , Carauleanu Alexandru , Vaduva Constantin , Melinte-Popescu Marian , Adam Ana-Maria , Adam Gigi , Vicoveanu Petronela , Socolov Demetra
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: The prediction of cervical lesion evolution is a challenge for clinicians. This prospective study aimed to determine and compare the predictive accuracy of cytology, HPV genotyping, and p16/Ki67 dual staining alone or in combination with personal risk factors in the prediction of progression, regression, or persistence of cervical lesions in human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected patients; (2) Methods: This prospective study included HPV-positive patients with or without cervical lesions who underwent follow-up in a private clinic. We calculated the predictive performance of individual tests (cervical cytology, HPV genotyping, CINtecPlus results, and clinical risk factors) or their combination in the prediction of cervical lesion progression, regression, and persistence; (3) Results: The highest predictive performance for the progression of cervical lesions was achieved by a model comprising a Pap smear suggestive of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the presence of 16/18 HPV strains, a positive p16/Ki67 dual staining result along with the presence of at least three clinical risk factors, which had a sensitivity (Se) of 74.42%, a specificity of 97.92%, an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.961, and an accuracy of 90.65%. The prediction of cervical lesion regression or persistence was modest when using individual or combined tests; (4) Conclusions: Multiple testing or new biomarkers should be used to improve HPV-positive patient surveillance, especially for cervical lesion regression or persistence prediction.
Digital Protocol to Record Occlusal Analysis in Prosthodontics: A Pilot Study
Authors: Risciotti Emanuele , Squadrito Nino , Montanari Daniele , Iannello Gaetano , Macca Ugo , Tallarico Marco , Cervino Gabriele , Fiorillo Luca
Published: February 2024

Background: Digital technologies enable the accurate replication of occlusion, which is pivotal for stability in maximum intercuspation and dynamic occlusion. CAD softwares generates standardized occlusal morphologies requiring significant adjustments. The consideration of individual mandibular movements during restoration leads to better functional integration. This pilot study evaluates the efficacy of a novel, fully digital protocol for occlusal analysis recording in prosthodontics. Methods: Patients needing single or multiple metal-free restorations were included. Teeth underwent horizontal finish line preparation, while restorations on implants were either directly screwed or used multi-unit abutments. A digital impression (Trios 3 Intraoral Scanner) captured the mouth’s elements. Dynamic occlusion was recorded via Patient Specific Motion (PSM). After the placement and functionalization of temporary restorations, subsequent scans included various elements, and CAD software (Dental system) was used for the restoration design. Restorations were milled in monolithic zirconia, pressed from CAD/CAM-milled wax, and sintered. Results: An evaluation of 52 restorations in 37 patients indicated high accuracy in restorations manufactured via the fully digital workflow. Monolithic zirconia was predominantly used. Subtractive (17.3%) and additive (7.7%) occlusal adjustments were mainly chairside. Conclusion: This study underscores the efficacy of meticulous verification measures and a centric contact system in reducing the need for clinical occlusal refinements in prosthetic restorations.
Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair versus Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: An Observational Study
Authors: Silaschi Miriam , Cattelaens Franca , Alirezaei Hossien , Vogelhuber Johanna , Sommer Susanne , Sugiura Atsushi , Schulz Max , Tanaka Tetsu , Sudo Mitsumasa , Zimmer Sebastian , Nickenig Georg , Weber Marcel , Bakhtiary Farhad , Wilde Nihal
Published: February 2024

Background: Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIC-MVS) has been established as preferred treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR), but mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge valve repair (M-TEER) is routinely performed in patients at high surgical risk and is increasingly performed in intermediate risk patients. Methods: From 2010 to 2021, we performed 723 M-TEER and 123 isolated MIC-MVS procedures. We applied a sensitivity analysis by matching age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), EuroSCORE II and etiology of MR. Results: Baseline characteristics showed significant differences in the overall cohort (p < 0.01): age 78.3 years vs. 61.5 years, EuroSCORE II 5.5% vs. 1.3% and LVEF 48.4% vs. 60.4% in M-TEER vs. MIC-MVS patients. Grade of MR at discharge was moderate/severe in 24.5% (171/697) in M-TEER vs. 6.5% (8/123) in MIC-MVS (p < 0.01). One-year survival was 91.5% (552/723) in M-TEER vs. 97.6% (95/123) in MIC-MVS (p = 0.04). A matching with 49 pairs (n = 98) showed comparable survival during follow-up, but a numerically higher mean mitral valve gradient of 4.1 mmHg (95% CI: 3.6–4.6) vs. 3.4 mmHg (95% CI: 3.0–3.8) in M-TEER (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Patients undergoing M-TEER had lower one-year survival than MIC-MVS, but differences disappeared after matching. Reduction in MR was less effective in M-TEER patients and postprocedural mitral valve gradients were higher.
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer in Saudi Arabia: An Epidemiological Review of the Literature
Authors: Aljohani Khalid , Alqarni Ali , Harte Molly , Alghamdi Rawia , Alzahrani Saja , Albuquerque Rui
Published: February 2024

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of chronic oral mucosal diseases associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation. Multiple studies have investigated the prevalence of these conditions in multiple regions; however, there are limited data about the prevalence of OPMDs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This paper aims to review the prevalence of OPMDs in the KSA, to ensure better understanding of the population risk and propose a more standardised approach to the diagnosis and management of this group across the KSA. In addition, this review will discuss the prevalence of oral cancer in the KSA, considering independent risk factors for oral cancer development. Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Medscape, ScienceDirect, StatPearls, BMC Oral Health and the Cochrane Library were searched with the keywords “Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders”; “Saudi Arabia”; and “Oral Cancer”. Identified articles were reviewed independently by 2 reviewers against defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 16 studies were included in this review. The prevalence of OPMDs in KSA varies significantly depending on age, gender, social habits, background disease and dental status. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for up-to-date data on the prevalence, distribution, and characteristics of OPMDs in KSA. The diverse prevalence rates and distinct characteristics of various OPMDs emphasise the necessity for targeted preventive measures. As the data on OPMDs in KSA remains limited, future research efforts should prioritise the establishment of comprehensive epidemiological studies to inform effective public health interventions in this region.
Is Resistance Training an Option to Improve Functionality and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged People with Multiple Sclerosis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cano-Sánchez Javier , Aibar-Almazán Agustín , Hita-Contreras Fidel , Afanador-Restrepo Diego Fernando , Martínez-Amat Antonio , Achalandabaso-Ochoa Alexander , Carcelén-Fraile María del Carmen
Published: February 2024

Background: Currently, it is essential to adopt physical therapy strategies, such as resistance training, to enhance muscle strength and gait in middle-aged individuals (ages 45–65) suffering from Multiple Sclerosis. This is crucial in combating the typical symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases associated with functional loss. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of resistance training interventions on walking and muscle strength in middle-aged people with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted by searching specific keywords in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. For inclusion, studies had to incorporate resistance training as a primary or significant component of the overall intervention for middle-aged patients with MS. Out of the 3675 articles identified, 12 randomized clinical trials met the criteria for inclusion in the review, with resistance training being a consistent feature in all of them. Results: Muscle strength and gait were evaluated as the main variables, with fatigue and the quality of life as secondary variables. This review reveals that resistance training significantly improves muscle strength. Resistance training achieves modest and non-significant improvements in gait. Notably, studies combining resistance training with motor control exercises achieve results of greater clinical significance in terms of gait. However, resistance training yields variable positive effects on perceived fatigue and the quality of life. Conclusion: Resistance training is useful for improving muscle strength; however, walking needs to be combined with motor control training.
Glaucoma, Pseudoexfoliation and Hearing Loss: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Meliante Laura Antonia , Piccotti Giulia , Tanga Lucia , Giammaria Sara , Manni Gianluca , Coco Giulia
Published: February 2024

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation and hearing loss (HL). Methods: A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases from 1995 up to 28 August 2023. Results: Thirty studies out of the 520 records screened met the inclusion criteria and were included. Most articles (n = 20) analysed the association between pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) and HL, showing XFS patients to have higher prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at both speech frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz), and higher frequencies (4 and 8 kHz) compared to controls in most cases. No significant differences in prevalence or level of HL between XFS and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (XFG) were detected in most studies. Eight articles analysed the relationship between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and HL. Overall, a positive association between the two conditions was highlighted across all studies except for two cases. Similarly, articles focusing on NTG and HL (n = 4) showed a positive association in most cases. The role of autoimmunity and, in particular, the presence of antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (APSA) in patients with NTG and HL suggested an underlying autoimmune or vascular mechanism contributing to their pathogenesis. Only one study analysed the relationship between angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) and HL, showing higher incidence of ACG in patients with SNHL compared to normal hearing controls. Conclusions: Most studies detected an association between XFS and HL as well as POAG/NTG/ACG and HL, suggesting the presence of a similar pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. However, given the strength of the association of XFS with HL, it remains unclear whether the presence of XFG is further associated with SNHL. Further research specifically targeted to assess the correlation between glaucoma, XFS and HL is warranted to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this association.
Pilot Study to Demonstrate Improvement in Skin Tone and Texture by Treatment with a 1064 nm Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser
Authors: Munavalli Girish S. , Leight-Dunn Hayley M.
Published: February 2024

Background: The 1064 nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS Nd:YAG) laser was developed to treat unwanted pigmentation in the skin such as lentigines caused by photoaging, and tattoos from dye/ink insertion. This laser has also been used for non-ablative epidermal rejuvenation (skin toning). Objective: To evaluate changes in skin tone, skin texture and overall improvement after a series of treatments with the QS Nd:YAG laser. Methods: Participants received seven full-face treatments with M22 or Stellar M22, a 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser, at 2-week intervals. The investigators and participants evaluated the improvement in skin tone and texture at 1, 3 and 6 months after the last treatment. Patient satisfaction, patient discomfort, downtime and adverse events were recorded. Histological changes in the treated area were also evaluated. Results: Thirteen women with a median age of 45 years (range, 34–61 years) were included in the study. The majority of the participants (53.9%) had skin type VI. One month after the last treatment session, 38% of participants reported good to very good improvement. This value increased to 100% participant improvement at both the 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. The reduction in melanin index and the histological analysis demonstrated that the laser procedure contributed to a reduction in epidermal melanin content. Treatments were not associated with high levels of pain or discomfort. The most common immediate post-treatment response was erythema and edema. Most participants were satisfied with the resulting treatment outcome. Conclusion: Skin treatment with the 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser module on the M22 and Stellar M22 devices, using a large spot size, low fluence, moderately high repetition rate, improves skin tone and texture in patients with skin types II–VI.
Celiac Disease-Related Enamel Defects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Dipalma Gianna , Viapiano Fabio , Netti Anna , Ferrara Irene , Ciocia Anna Maria , Mancini Antonio , Di Venere Daniela , Palermo Andrea , Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Inchingolo Francesco
Published: February 2024

Introduction: This systematic review aims to elucidate the intricate correlation between celiac disease (CD) and dental enamel defects (DED), exploring pathophysiological mechanisms, oral health implications, and a dentist’s role in early diagnosis. Materials and methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search from 1 January 2013 to 1 January 2024 across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 153 publications. After exclusions, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Inclusion criteria involved study types (RCTs, RCCTs, case series), human participants, English language, and full-text available. Results: The search yielded 153 publications, with 18 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Notable findings include a high prevalence of DED in CD patients, ranging from 50 to 94.1%. Symmetrical and chronological defects, according to Aine’s classification, were predominant, and significant associations were observed between CD severity and enamel defect extent. Conclusions: The early recognition of oral lesions, particularly through Aine’s classification, may signal potential CD even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Correlations between CD and dental health conditions like molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) emphasize the dentist’s crucial role in early diagnosis. Collaboration between dentists and gastroenterologists is essential for effective monitoring and management. This review consolidates current knowledge, laying the groundwork for future research and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration for improved CD-related oral health outcomes. Further large-scale prospective research is recommended to deepen our understanding of these issues.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Young Adult Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zasadzińska-Stempniak Katarzyna , Zajączkiewicz Hanna , Kukwa Andrzej
Published: February 2024

Background: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is suggested to differ according to different age groups. While its prevalence has been extensively investigated among middle-aged and old individuals, very few studies have summarized its prevalence among young adults. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of OSA prevalence among healthy adults aged 18–30 years in the general population. Methods: A search of Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases for articles reporting the prevalence of OSA among young adults confirmed by objective diagnostic methods was completed by two reviewers. Studies identified and included in the review were summarized qualitatively. Additionally, a meta-analysis of prevalence rates was conducted using a random effects model. Results: 11 articles out of 5898 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The diagnostic thresholds, scoring criteria, and the type of used device varied substantially among all the studies. We found that the pooled prevalence of OSA among young adults was 16% (CI 95%, 8–29%, I2 = 92%, τ2 = 1.47). Conclusion: The prevalence of OSA among young adults was found to be ~16%. However, a few factors diverged prevalence between the studies, such as hypopnea definition, AHI threshold, and type of device. Most of the studies included examined healthy volunteers, suggesting that the disease burden may be underestimated. Findings from our review highlight the need to include OSA-related assessment and intervention in the overall health care of young adults. By early detection and offered treatment, further complications related to comorbidities may be omitted.
Drawing as a Way of Knowing: How a Mapping Model Assists Preoperative Evaluation of Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Biffoni Marco , Grani Giorgio , Melcarne Rossella , Geronzi Valerio , Consorti Fabrizio , Ruggieri Giuseppe De , Galvano Alessia , Razlighi Maryam Hosseinpour , Iannuzzi Eva , Engel Tal Deborah , Pace Daniela , Di Gioia Cira Rosaria Tiziana , Boniardi Marco , Durante Cosimo , Giacomelli Laura
Published: February 2024

Background: Effective pre-surgical planning is crucial for achieving successful outcomes in endocrine surgery: it is essential to provide patients with a personalized plan to minimize operative and postoperative risks. Methods: Preoperative lymph node (LN) mapping is a structured high-resolution ultrasonography examination performed in the presence of two endocrinologists and the operating surgeon before intervention to produce a reliable “anatomical guide”. Our aim was to propose a preoperative complete model that is non-invasive, avoids overdiagnosis of thyroid microcarcinomas, and reduces medical expenses. Results: The use of ‘preoperative echography mapping’ has been shown to be successful, particularly in patients with suspected or confirmed neoplastic malignancy. Regarding prognosis, positive outcomes have been observed both post-surgery and in terms of recurrence rates. We collected data on parameters such as biological sex, age, BMI, and results from cytologic tests performed with needle aspiration, and examined whether these parameters predict tumor malignancy or aggressiveness, calculated using a multivariate analysis (MVA). Conclusions: A standard multidisciplinary approach for evaluating neck lymph nodes pre-operation has proven to be an improved diagnostic and preoperative tool.
Vitamin D—A New Therapeutic Target in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Albai Oana , Braha Adina , Timar Bogdan , Golu Ioana , Timar Romulus
Published: February 2024

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM). The present research aimed to study the impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level on the health status of patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) hospitalized in the “Pius Brînzeu” Emergency Clinical County University Hospital in Timisoara, Romania. Methods: The study retrospectively included 160 patients with T2DM who were clinically and biologically evaluated during hospitalization. Results: 13.1% of patients had optimal, 23.1% insufficient, and 63.8% deficient 25(OH)D values. Patients with 25(OH)D deficiency presented poorer glycemic control and were older, with higher weight, but had altered renal function, anemia, and lower iron values. Also, patients with associated neoplasia, diabetic neuropathy, cardiovascular disease (CVD), dementia, and grade 3 arterial hypertension (HTN) had lower values of 25(OH)D. An age > 55 years (sensitivity 69.9, specificity 82.5, AUROC 0.786, p < 0.001) and an HbA1c > 7.7% (sensitivity 89.3, specificity 92.9, AUROC 0.938, p < 0.001) predict 25(OH)D deficiency in T2DM patients. Conclusions: Vitamin D influences almost every system and organ in the body, so it should be a routine test for all patients with DM to correct the deficiency and prevent other diseases and complications.
Prognostic Factors in Prostate Cancer Associated with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kaneko Motoki , Kanatani Yasuhiro , Sato Hirohiko , Sano Masaya , Teramura Erika , Imai Jin , Fujisawa Mia , Matsushima Masashi , Suzuki Hidekazu
Published: February 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been associated with increased prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, the mechanisms underlying UC and increased PCa risk remain unclear, and research on this topic is scarce in Japan. We have investigated whether UC is associated with PCa risk in the Japanese population and the risk factors related to PCa among older UC patients. This retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted between January 2010 and April 2022. A total of 68 cases were analyzed, and 9 cases of PCa were observed (13.2%). PCa occurred more frequently in the adult-onset group (8/40, 20.0%) than in the older-onset group with UC (1/28; 3.57%). No significant differences were observed between immunosuppressive therapies and PCa in patients, excluding those with pancolitis-type UC. PCa occurred more frequently in the pancolitis type, and the biologics group had no PCa cases, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). This study suggests that pancolitis type and UC onset in middle-aged patients may be risk factors and found that biologics potentially suppress PCa development.
The Acute Effect of Dynamic vs. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Sprint and Jump Performance
Authors: Malek Nor Fazila Abd , Nadzalan Ali Md , Tan Kevin , Nor Azmi Abdul Muiz , Krishnan Vasanthi Rajkumar , Pavlović Ratko , Badau Dana , Badau Adela
Published: February 2024

Participating in sports has been shown to promote overall wellness and, at the same time, reduce health risks. As more people are participating in sports, competitions have increased, and every aspect of the game has been focused by coaches and athletes in order to improve performance. One of these aspects is the warm-up session. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a dynamic warm-up versus a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) warm-up on the sprint and jump performance of recreationally active men. Thirty (n = 30) males were randomly assigned to undergo three sessions of different warm-up types, 72 h apart, involving either proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), dynamic stretching (DS), or no stretching session (control). The PNF and dynamic modes of stretching improved vertical jump performance, F (2.58) = 5.49, p = 0.046, to a certain extent (mean + 3.32% vs. control, p = 0.002 for dynamic and mean + 1.53% vs. control, p = 0.048 for PNF stretching). Dynamic stretching is best used to get a better vertical jump height. Sprint performance was also increased to a greater extent following the stretching session, F (2.58) = 5.60, p = 0.01. Sprint time was +1.05% faster vs. the control, with a value of p = 0.002 after dynamic stretching, while PNF stretching demonstrated a sprint time of +0.35% vs. the control, with a value of p = 0.049. Dynamic stretching showed a better sprint performance and also vertical jump height performance in this study. PNF and dynamic stretching prove to be equally efficacious in flexibility conditioning depending on the type of movement involved. This type of stretching should be utilized to help preserve or improve the performance output of physical activity, especially in sprinting and jumping events.
Environmental Performance of Bulk Carriers Equipped with Synergies of Energy-Saving Technologies and Alternative Fuels
Authors: Dong Tuan , Buzuku Shqipe , Elg Mia , Schönborn Alessandro , Ölcer Aykut I.
Published: February 2024

In this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare the environmental performances of a conventional bulk carrier (baseline vessel) and a wind-energy-optimised bulk carrier equipped with modern on-board technologies working in synergy (future vessel). Fossil fuels was used for the baseline vessels, whereas the future vessel used liquefied biogas (LBG) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) as marine fuels. The entire life cycle phases of the vessels, namely, construction, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life, were included. The results showed that the future vessel could reduce 31.23% energy consumption, compared to the baseline model. Furthermore, the significant reduction in CO2 (48.6%), NOX (88.6%), SOX (100.0%), and black carbon (94.0%) in the tank-to-wake phase was achieved owing to energy-saving technologies working in synergy and alternative fuels. This study emphasizes the vital role of energy efficiency, technologies, and alternative fuels to achieve the zero-emission ambition of the maritime industry. Furthermore, the impacts of ship construction, maintenance, and end-of-life need to be fully considered in order to decarbonize vessel from a life cycle perspective.