bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The probabilistic analysis of a greedy satisfiability algorithm
Authors: Kaporis Alexis C. , Kirousis Lefteris M. , Lalas Efthimios G.
Published: November 2005

On input a random 3‐CNF formula of clauses‐to‐variables ratior3applies repeatedly the following simple heuristic: Set to True a literal that appears in the maximum number of clauses, irrespective of their size and the number of occurrences of the negation of the literal (ties are broken randomly; 1‐clauses when they appear get priority). We prove that forr3< 3.42 this heuristic succeeds with probability asymptotically bounded away from zero. Previously, heuristics of increasing sophistication were shown to succeed forr3< 3.26. We improve up tor3< 3.52 by further exploiting the degree of the negation of the evaluated to True literal. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2006
On random ±1 matrices: Singularity and determinant
Authors: Tao Terence , Vu Van
Published: November 2005

This papers contains two results concerning random n × n Bernoulli matrices. First, we show that with probability tending to 1 the determinant has absolute value
$\sqrt{n!}\exp(O(\sqrt{n \ln n}))$. Next, we prove a new upper bound 0.958n on the probability that the matrix is singular.© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2006
The rediscovery of industrial dynamics: the contribution of system dynamics to supply chain management in a dynamic and fragmented world
Authors: Akkermans Henk , Dellaert Nico
Published: November 2005

The field of supply chain management (SCM) almost started with the publication of Forrester's Industrial Dynamics, but it seems that the relevance of this seminal publication for the field of system dynamics has never been so relevant for the field of SCM than today. In this introduction to the special issue of the System Dynamics Review on the Dynamics of Supply Chains and Networks, the authors make this statement on the basis of the articles that have found their way into this special issue, and on a brief review of SCM practice and theory for the past four decades. They explain why this recent and late rediscovery of industrial dynamics is understandable, and also point at sensible and likely areas of further cross‐fertilization of system dynamics and SCM. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for the size of molecules in determination of adsorption isotherms by XPS; exemplified by adsorption of chicken egg albumin on titanium
Authors: Aeimbhu Areeya , Castle James E. , Singjai Pisith
Published: November 2005

The adsorption of chicken egg albumin on commercially pure titanium has been studied as a function of protein concentration, using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption isotherm has been plotted using the increase in N 1s intensity and also by measurement in the decrease in the Ti 2p intensity as the adsorbed film reaches full coverage. It is shown that both sets of data are a good fit to the Temkin isotherm. The influence of the large size of the biomolecule is discussed and the isotherm is modified to take account of the molecular dimension according to the model proposed by Ratner and Paynter. The thicknesses of the adsorbed molecules are measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and it is shown that it is only when monolayer coverage has been reached that the molecules begin to take up the characteristic globular shape. Albumin reaches a coverage of 25% of a monolayer in solutions of only 10 ppb by volume, suggesting that it is easily bound to the TiO2 surface. A complete monolayer is formed at a solution concentration of 100 ppm. The carbon 1s signal is used to estimate the surface free energy at different surface coverages using the model developed by Kinloch, Kodokian and Watts. The transformation from the initial coverage of hydrophobic contamination molecules to the hydrophilic surface presented by the adsorbed albumin film takes place over a range similar to that required to form the monolayer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of oxidation behavior under dry air of neat and Ta‐alloyed furan‐resin‐derived carbons heat treated at 3000 °C
Authors: Nakamura Kazumasa , Tanabe Yasuhiro , Suzuki Noboru , Kakihana Masato , Fukushima Manabu , Teranishi Yoshikazu , Lanticse Leslie , Yasuda Eiichi
Published: November 2005

Oxidation behavior and structural changes of furan‐resin‐derived carbons heat treated at 3000 °C were investigated at 500 and 700 °C under dry air. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to detect and understand this behavior and the changes. Effect of tantalum on antioxidation property of Ta‐alloyed carbon was also analyzed. The neat and Ta‐alloyed carbons had insignificant weight losses even after being kept at 500 °C for 12 h, while the Ta‐alloyed carbon had weight loss lower than that of the neat carbon after being kept at 700 °C for 6 h. It has been found by XPS that oxidation involves oxygen in internal area as well as on external surface of the carbons. It was also inferred that the carbon stored with oxygen in deeper internal area was easily oxidized. Ta alloying leads to change of the state of the Fermi energy on the specimens, which may cause the antioxidation property. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the pattern recognition method—their application to surface studies in CoPd alloys
Authors: Lesiak B. , Biliński A. , Jóźwik A.
Published: November 2005

In the present work, polycrystalline CoPd alloys in varying range of bulk atomic percent composition (Co30Pd70, Co50Pd50 and Co70Pd30) are investigated by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of conventional XPS quantitative multiline (ML) approach are compared to the results obtained on the basis of XPS lines shape analysis, where the selected XPS or X‐ray induced Auger electron (XAES) transitions, are processed using the pattern recognition method known as the fuzzy k‐nearest neighbour (fkNN) rule. The fkNN rule is applied to the following spectra line shapes: Pd MNV, Co 2p, Co LMM, Pd 3d and valence band, analysing electrons in a varying range of selected kinetic energies.

Both methods showed the surface segregation of Pd in Co30Pd70 and Co50Pd50 alloys. The results of the ML, the binding energy shift (ΔBE) analysis and the fkNN rule remained in agreement. Discrepancies in quantitative results obtained using different approaches are discussed within the accuracy of the applied methods, differences due to mean escape depth (MED) of electrons in considered transitions, their depth distribution function, the sensitivity of electron transition line shape on the environmental change (weaker effect for the inner shell transitions, and stronger effect for the outer shell transitions and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) electrons transitions) and the non‐uniform depth profile concentrations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocatalytically Induced Formation of Cupric Ferrocyanide Nanoparticles and their Application for Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing of Glucose
Authors: Wang Joseph , Sánchez Arribas Alberto
Published: November 2005

The enzymatically controlled growth of cupric ferrocyanide nanoparticles in the presence of glucose oxidase, its ferricyanide electron acceptor, and copper ions is described. The biocatalytically stimulated growth of these nanoparticles on the surface of carbon‐paste electrodes results in an amplified electrochemical detection of the glucose substrate. This concept can readily be expanded for monitoring a wide range of biocatalytic processes involving the ferricyanide electron acceptor.
Ein Walfisch aus Stahl, Holz und Glas – die Fassade des Kaufhauses Peek und Cloppenburg in Köln
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Knippers Jan , Müller Thomas
Published: November 2005

Mit dem neuen Kaufhaus Peek und Cloppenburg ist ein Bau von herausragender architektonischer Qualität mitten im Herzen der Kölner Altstadt entstanden. Seine Fassade, über die in diesem Aufsatz berichtet wird, war in vielfacher Hinsicht eine besondere Herausforderung für die Tragwerksplanung. Dies betrifft die komplexe Geometrie, die Lagerung auf dem Rohbau vor allem aber die ungewöhnliche und neuartige Kombination der Werkstoffe Stahl und Holz. Aufgelöste vertikale Holzbinder und horizontale Stahlrohre bilden mit diagonalen Stahlseilen eine freitragende Stabschale. Dazu mußten zahlreiche Konstruktionsdetails, insbesondere die Holzverbinder, erstmals gelöst werden.
Tragverhalten lösbarer Seilklemmen für Spiralseile
Authors: Bechtold Martin , Saal Helmut
Published: November 2005

Die Mechanismen und Einflußgrößen zum Tragverhalten von Seilklemmen sind weitgehend unbekannt, und die vorhandenen Regelungen [1], [2] in der aktuellen Normung erfassen ihr Tragverhalten lediglich in Ausnahmefällen. Seilklemmen sind meistens keine standardisierten Bauteile, da die Einsatzbedingungen von Fall zu Fall stark variieren, so daß sie in der Regel für jedes Bauwerk neu entworfen und in ihrer Tragfähigkeit untersucht werden.

Auf der Grundlage zahlreicher Bauteilversuche, Untersuchungen mit Finiten Elementen und analytischen Ansätzen werden die Einflüsse auf das Tragverhalten sowie die Erkenntnisse über die Größe des Klemmkraftbeiwerts, der dauerhaft vorhandenen Klemmkraft und des Reibbeiwerts dargestellt. Dies dient dem Entwurf und der Dimensionierung von Seilklemmen.
Wölbkrafttorsion von Durchlaufträgern mit konstantem Querschnitt unter Berücksichtigung sekundärer Schubverformungen
Authors: Rubin Helmut
Published: November 2005

Die Analogie zwischen der Theorie der Wölbkrafttorsion und der Theorie II. Ordnung für den Biegestab mit Längszug gilt auch dann noch, wenn bei der Wölbkrafttorsion die Schubverformungen der sekundären Torsion und beim Biegestab die Querkraftverformungen zusätzlich berücksichtigt werden. Auf der Basis dieser Analogie wird die Dreimomentengleichung zur Berechnung von Durchlaufträgern mit konstantem Querschnitt angegeben. Es wird gezeigt, daß die sekundären Schubverformungen bei offenen Querschnitten in der Regel vernachlässigbar sind, bei geschlossenen Querschnitten aber stets berücksichtigt werden müssen. Ebenso wird gezeigt, daß bei diesen geschlossenen Querschnitten die Wölbkrafttorsion i. w. nur an “Störstellen” auftritt, dort aber Spannungen hervorruft, die gegenüber jenen der primären Torsion nicht vernachlässigbar sind.
Thermisch hoch beanspruchte Tragwerke: Spannungskategorisierung unter Einschluß thermischer Wirkungen
Authors: Hellmann Karl , Krätzig Wilfried B.
Published: November 2005

Vorhandene Spannungskategorisierungen [2], [11] unterteilen mechanische Lastspannungen hinreichend genau in primäre Spannungen, sekundäre Spannungen und Spannungsspitzen, mit jeweils unterschiedlichen zulässigen Grenzwerten. Hingegen werden thermischverursachte Spannungen nur als solche aus behinderter Wärmedehnung aufgeführt und als Sekundärspannungen bzw. als Spannungsspitzen eingeordnet. Ergänzend zu dieser Klassifizierung werden im vorliegenden Aufsatz dual zu mechanischen Primärspannungen – durch von außen einwirkende Kraftgrößen – primäre thermische Spannungen (thermomechanische Spannungen) – durch von außen einfließende instationäre Wärmeströme – berechnet und korrekt klassifiziert. Der Aufsatz weist dabei auf beobachtete Tragwerksschäden durch falsche Klassifizierung thermomechanischer Spannungen hin.
Unsymmetric bidentate ligands in metal‐catalyzed carbonylation of alkenes
Authors: Nozaki Kyoko
Published: November 2005

Characteristic features of unsymmetric bidentate ligands, in which the two coordination atoms are not equivalent, are reviewed with a focus on their use in metal‐catalyzed olefin carbonylations. High enantioselectivity for a variety of substrates was achieved using ligand 9 in Rh‐catalyzed hydroformylation. Unsymmetric ligand 21e shows high productivity accompanied by high regio‐ and enantioselectivities in the Pd‐catalyzed alternating copolymerization of 1‐alkene with CO. The advantages of electronic unsymmetry are demonstrated especially in the spectroscopic observation of single steps involved in catalytic cycles. © 2005 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 5: 376–384; 2005: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20046
Dihaloindium hydride as a novel reducing agent
Authors: Baba Akio , Shibata Ikuya
Published: November 2005

Dihaloindium hydrides (X2InH) are novel reducing reagents, which act in both an ionic and a radical manner. The hydrides were easily generated from InX3 and Bu3SnH to reduce a variety of functionalities such as aldehydes, ketones, enones, and imines. The combination of a phosphine and Cl2InH accomplished the selective transformation from acid chlorides to aldehydes. One‐pot treatment of Cl2InH, enones, and aldehydes achieved reductive aldol reactions, in which the predominant reduction of enones was followed by an aldol reaction between the resulting indium enolates and the remaining aldehydes. It is noteworthy that both anti‐ and syn‐selective aldols were obtained by the use of THF and an aqueous solvent, respectively. The replacement of Bu3SnH with Et3SiH as a hydride source allowed the catalytic use of InBr3 to give the syn‐selective aldols. The dehalogenation of alkyl halides was achieved by a catalytic amount of InCl3 in the presence of Bu3SnH. This procedure was applied to some representative cyclizations as radical proof. A simple and non‐toxic system, NaBH4/InCl3, also promoted dehalogenation, intramolecular cyclization, and intermolecular coupling reactions. In addition, the Et3SiH/InCl3 system was found applicable to an effective intramolecular cyclization of enynes. © 2005 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 5: 323–335; 2005: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20055
Cross‐linking chemistry and biology: development of multifunctional photoaffinity probes
Authors: Tomohiro Takenori , Hashimoto Makoto , Hatanaka Yasumaru
Published: November 2005

An efficient method of photoaffinity labeling has been developed based on rationally designed multifunctional photoprobes. Photoaffinity techniques have been used to elucidate the protein structure at the interface of biomolecules by the photochemical labeling of interacting sites. However, the identification of labeled sites within target proteins is often difficult. Novel biotinyl bioprobes bearing a diazirine photophore have contributed significantly to the rapid elucidation of ligand binding sites within proteins, thereby extending conventional photoaffinity methods. This article discusses the synthesis and applications of various photoprobes bearing a biotin, including strategies using cleavable linkages between photophores. The combination of photoaffinity methods with chip technology is also described as a novel entry to rapid affinity‐based screening of inhibitors. This review focuses on a rapid and reliable photoaffinity method utilizing diazirine‐based multifunctional photoprobes with numerous potential applications in functional proteomics of biomolecular interactions. © 2005 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 5: 385–395; 2005: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20058
Discovery and development of microporous metal carboxylates
Authors: Mori Wasuke , Sato Tomohiko , Kato Chika Nozaki , Takei Tohru , Ohmura Tetsushi
Published: November 2005

We have found a form of copper(II) terephthalate that occluded an enormous amount of gases such as N2, Ar, O2, and Xe. Copper(II) terephthalate is the first metal complex found capable of adsorbing gases. This complex has opened a new field of adsorbent chemistry and is recognized as a leader in the construction of microporous metal complexes. In extending the route for the synthesis of microporous complexes, we obtained many new porous materials that are widely recognized as useful materials for applications in areas such as gas storage, molecular sieves, catalysis, inclusion complexes, and surface science. © 2005 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 5: 336–351; 2005: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20060
Routine pre‐evacuation ultrasound diagnosis of hydatidiform mole: experience of more than 1000 cases from a regional referral center
Authors: Fowler D. J. , Lindsay I. , Seckl M. J. , Sebire N. J.
Published: November 2005

Objectives

To examine the accuracy of sonographic findings of routine ultrasound examinations in patients with a proven histological diagnosis of complete or partial hydatidiform mole referred to a supra‐regional referral center, and to examine the relationship of sonographic findings to gestational age across the first and early second trimesters.

Methods

Review of consecutive cases referred to a trophoblastic disease unit from June 2002 to January 2005 with a diagnosis of possible or probable hydatidiform mole in whom results of a pre‐evacuation ultrasound examination were documented. Ultrasound detection rates for partial and complete hydatidiform moles were calculated and comparison of detection rates between complete and partial mole, and gestational age groups carried out.

Results

1053 consecutive cases were examined. The median maternal age was 31 (range, 15–54) years and the median gestational age was 10 (range, 5–27) weeks. 859 had a final review diagnosis of partial or complete hydatidiform mole (82%), including 253 (29%) complete moles and 606 (71%) partial moles. Non‐molar hydropic miscarriage was diagnosed following histological review in 194 (18%). Overall, 378 (44%) cases with a final diagnosis of complete or partial hydatidiform mole had a pre‐evacuation ultrasound diagnosis suggesting hydatidiform mole, including 200 complete moles and 178 partial moles, representing 79% and 29%, respectively, of those with complete (253) or partial (606) moles in the final review diagnosis. The ultrasound detection rate was significantly better for complete versus partial hydatidiform moles (Z = 13.4, P < 0.001). There was a non‐significant trend towards improved ultrasound detection rate with increasing gestational age, with an overall detection rate of 35–40% before 14 weeks' gestation compared to around 60% after this gestation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for routine pre‐evacuation ultrasound examination for detection of hydatidiform mole of any type were 44%, 74%, 88% and 23%, respectively.

Conclusions

Routine pre‐evacuation ultrasound examination identifies less than 50% of hydatidiform moles, the majority sonographically appearing as missed or incomplete miscarriage. Detection rates are, however, higher for complete compared to partial moles, and improve after 14 weeks' gestation. Histopathological examination of products of conception remains the current gold standard for the identification of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal prognosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia using magnetic resonance imaging measurement of fetal lung volume
Authors: Gorincour G. , Bouvenot J. , Mourot M.G. , Sonigo P. , Chaumoitre K. , Garel C. , Guibaud L. , Rypens F. , Avni F. , Cassart M. , Maugey‐Laulom B. , Bourlière‐Najean B. , Brunelle F. , Durand C. , Eurin D.
Published: November 2005

Objectives

To investigate the correlation between fetal lung volume (FLV), measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and postnatal mortality in newborns with prenatally diagnosed isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods

In a 4‐year prospective multicenter study, 77 fetuses with isolated CDH diagnosed between 20 and 33 weeks' gestation underwent fast spin‐echo T2‐weighted lung MRI. These MRI‐FLV measurements were compared with a previously published normative curve obtained in 215 fetuses without thoracoabdominal malformations and with normal ultrasound biometric findings. FLV measurements were correlated with postnatal survival. The mean gestational age at MRI was 31.3 weeks.

Results

The measured/expected FLV ratio was significantly lower in the newborns with CDH who died compared with those who survived (23.6 ± 12.2 vs. 36.1 ± 13.0, P < 0.001). When the ratio was below 25%, there was a significant decrease in postnatal survival (19% vs. 40.3%, P = 0.008). Survival was significantly lower for neonates when one lung could not be seen by fetal MRI compared with those fetuses with two visible lungs on MRI (17.9% vs. 62.1%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In isolated CDH, FLV measurement by MRI is a good predictor of postnatal mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal transesophageal echocardiography: clinical introduction as a monitoring tool during cardiac intervention in a human fetus
Authors: Kohl T. , Müller A. , Tchatcheva K. , Achenbach S. , Gembruch U.
Published: November 2005

Because of insufficient imaging by maternal transabdominal fetal echocardiography (TAE) in a human fetus with aortic atresia, imperforate atrial septum and progressive cardiac failure, we assessed the feasibility of fetal transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as a monitoring tool during fetal cardiac intervention at 24 + 6 weeks of gestation. Percutaneous fetoscopic intraesophageal deployment of the ultrasound catheter was achieved and did not result in any maternal or fetal complications. Fetal TEE permitted substantially clearer definition of fetal cardiac anatomy and intracardiac device manipulations than conventional maternal TAE. Despite the employment of various devices, no sufficiently large opening could be achieved within the atrial septum. Although the fetus tolerated the procedure remarkably well and satisfactory fetoplacental flow could be documented at the end of the procedure, the fetus died from progressive cardiac failure 3 days after the intervention. Fetoscopic TEE is feasible in the human fetus and permits substantially clearer definition of fetal cardiac anatomy and intracardiac manipulations than conventional maternal TAE. Based on the observation of spontaneous closure of multiple iatrogenic perforations of the atrial septum, specialized devices are required in order to improve the technical success rate of septoplasty methods and hence the survival odds of these high‐risk patients. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of endometrial receptivity during in‐vitro fertilization using three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Järvelä I. Y. , Sladkevicius P. , Kelly S. , Ojha K. , Campbell S. , Nargund G.
Published: November 2005

Objective

To compare sonographic endometrial characteristics in in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles between women who conceive and those who do not.

Methods

Thirty‐five women undergoing IVF treatment participated in the study. Using three‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound, we assessed endometrial patterns, volume and vascularization, after follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation but before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (referred to hereafter as ‘after FSH stimulation’) and again on the day of oocyte retrieval.

Results

The pregnancy rate was 37% (13/35). After FSH stimulation, 29 of the 35 women had a triple‐line endometrial pattern, compared with five out of 35 on the day of oocyte retrieval. In those who had a triple‐line pattern after FSH stimulation the pregnancy rate was 44.8% (13/29) and it was 0% (0/6) in those with a homogeneous pattern (chi‐square test, P = 0.039). If a triple‐line pattern was present on the day of oocyte retrieval the pregnancy rate was 80.0% (4/5), whereas if the pattern was homogeneous the pregnancy rate was 30.0% (9/30) (P = 0.032). There were no differences between those who conceived and those who did not in endometrial thickness, volume or vascularization on either day examined. Endometrial volume decreased significantly after hCG injection in women who conceived, but not in those who did not conceive. In both groups endometrial and subendometrial vascularization decreased after hCG injection, while the endometrial thickness remained unchanged.

Conclusions

The existence of a homogeneous endometrial pattern after FSH stimulation seems to be a prognostic sign of an adverse outcome in IVF, while a triple‐line pattern after FSH stimulation and a decrease in endometrial volume appear to be associated with conception. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Number of yolk sacs does not predict amnionicity in early first‐trimester monochorionic multiple gestations
Authors: Shen O. , Samueloff A. , Beller U. , Rabinowitz R.
Published: November 2005

Objective

To determine the relationship between amnionicity and number of yolk sacs before 11 weeks of gestation.

Methods

Twenty‐two cases of monochorionic multiple pregnancy were scanned before 11 weeks of gestation. There were 21 sets of twins and one of triplets. Amnionicity was determined by visualization of a dividing amniotic membrane between the gestational sacs. The number of yolk sacs was recorded and compared with the presence or absence of a dividing membrane for all fetuses.

Results

In 17/20 (85%) cases of monochorionic diamniotic twins, two yolk sacs were seen. In 3/20 (15%) cases of monochorionic diamniotic twins, a single yolk sac was seen. In the one case of monochorionic diamniotic triplets, two yolk sacs were visualized. In one case of monoamniotic twins, a single yolk sac was observed.

Conclusions

In monochorionic pregnancies, the presence of two yolk sacs predicts diamnionicity. However, the use of the number of yolk sacs as a predictor of amnionicity may not be accurate in a small proportion of patients. The diagnosis of monoamnionicity can be made only following a careful search for a dividing amniotic membrane. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the properties of a polycapillary x‐ray lens
Authors: Sun Tianxi , Ding Xunliang
Published: November 2005

The energy dependence of the focal spot size, transmission efficiency and output focal distance of a polycapillary x‐ray lens was measured efficiently over a broad energy range. An axial scanning method was devised to determine the energy dependence of the output focal distance. The halo effect was studied by measuring the spatial distribution of x‐rays with various energies in the beam focused by the polycapillary x‐ray lens. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New weakly expressed cell cycle‐regulated genes in yeast
Authors: de Lichtenberg Ulrik , Wernersson Rasmus , Jensen Thomas Skøt , Nielsen Henrik Bjørn , Fausbøll Anders , Schmidt Peer , Hansen Flemming Bryde , Knudsen Steen , Brunak Søren
Published: November 2005

We present an approach combining bioinformatics prediction with experimental microarray validation to identify new cell cycle‐regulated genes inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. We identify in the order of 100 new cell cycle‐regulated genes and show by independent data that these genes in general tend to be more weakly expressed than the genes identified hitherto. Among the genes not previously suggested to be periodically expressed we find genes linked to DNA repair, cell size monitoring and transcriptional control, as well as a number of genes of unknown function. Several of the gene products are believed to be phosphorylated by Cdc28. For many of these new genes, homologues exist inSchizosaccharomyces pombeandHomo sapiensfor which the expression also varies with cell cycle progression. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of the GPD1 and GPP2 orthologues and glycerol retention during growth of Debaryomyces hansenii at high NaCl concentrations
Authors: Gori Klaus , Mortensen Henrik D. , Arneborg Nils , Jespersen Lene
Published: November 2005

The highly NaCl‐tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii produces and obtains high levels of intracellular glycerol as a compatible solute when grown at high NaCl concentrations. The effect of high NaCl concentrations (4%, 8% and 12% w/v) on the glycerol production and the levels of intra‐ and extracellular glycerol was determined for two D. hansenii strains with different NaCl tolerance and compared to one strain of the moderately NaCl‐tolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Initially, high NaCl tolerance seems to be determined by enhanced glycerol production, due to an increased expression of DhGPD1 and DhGPP2 (AL436338) in D. hansenii and GPD1 and GPP2 in S. cerevisiae; however, the ability to obtain high levels of intracellular glycerol seems to be more important. The two D. hansenii strains had higher levels of intracellular glycerol than the S. cerevisiae strain and were able to obtain high levels of intracellular glycerol, even at very high NaCl concentrations, indicating the presence of, for example, a type of closing channel, as previously described for other yeast species. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning and characterization of a dextranase gene from Lipomyces starkeyi and its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kang Hee‐Kyoung , Kim Seung Heuk , Park Ji‐Young , Jin Xing‐Ji , Oh Deok‐Kun , Soo Kang Seong , Kim Doman
Published: November 2005

A dextranase‐encoding cDNA from L. starkeyi KSM22 was isolated and characterized. The 2052 bp cDNA fragment (lsd1) harbouring the dextranase gene exhibited one open reading frame (ORF) composed of 1824 bp flanked by a 41 bp 5′‐UTR and a 184 bp 3′‐UTR, including a 27 bp poly(A) tail. The lsd1 gene contains no introns. The open reading frame encodes a 608 amino acid polypeptide (LSD1) with a 67.6 kDa predicted molecular mass. There was a 77% deduced amino acid sequence identity between the LSD1 dextranase and the dextranase from Penicillium minioluteum. The primary structure of LSD1 dextranase exhibits distant similarity with the enzymes of the glycosyl hydrolase family 49 that comprises Penicillium dextranase. The optimum pH of LSD1 was 6.0 and the optimum temperature was 37 °C. LSD1 dextranase activity was substantially abolished by exposure to 1 mM Hg2+, Ag3+ and Mn2+. LSD1 exhibited high hydrolysing activity towards dextran (100%), soluble starch (22%) and mutan (8%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tension‐free vaginal tape for elderly women with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Liapis A. , Bakas P. , Christopoulos P. , Giner M. , Creatsas G.
Published: November 2005

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of the tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for the management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in elderly women. Method: A total of 55 women aged between 65 and 86 years underwent a TVT procedure for urodynamic SUI. Of these, 15 (27%) had undergone previous surgery for treatment of SUI. Before the TVT procedure, a complete medical history was taken and a gynecologic examination performed. Results: Operating time ranged between 11 and 35 min (excluding the time of concomitant surgery, if any); hospitalization time ranged between 1 and 5 days; and no severe intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Cure occurred in 39 (76%) of 51 evaluable patients and its rate was positively associated with bladder neck mobility. Among patients in whom the angle of displacement on the Q‐tip test was less than 30°, 42% became continent whereas among those in whom it was 30° or higher, 90% became continent (P < .001). Among those in whom the angle was between 20° and 30°, 57% became continent, and among those in whom it was less than 10°, 80% remained incontinent. Conclusion: The TVT procedure in elderly women with SUI offers a satisfactory cure rate; however, in patients with significantly decreased bladder neck mobility (an angle < 20° on the Q‐tip test), the results are not encouraging.
External Fixation of Closed Metacarpal and Phalangeal Fractures of Digits. A Prospective Study of One Hundred Consecutive Patients
Authors: MARGIĆ K.
Published: November 2005

Stable and undisplaced phalangeal and metacarpal fractures treated with strapping or functional splinting and controlled active exercises offer from about 70 to 80% of good results. The goal of treatment of closed unstable and displaced fractures should be to achieve similar or better outcome. External fixation combines the simplicity of time-honoured fixation with K-wires and an external frame to increase rigidity. This combination was used in a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients with closed fractures of the proximal and middle phalanges and the distal three-quarters of the metacarpal bones. Good clinical results (TAM ≥ 230°) were obtained in 76% of isolated phalangeal fractures, in all metacarpal fractures and in 89% of multiple fractures.
Dorsal Plating of Unstable Distal Radius Fractures Using a Bio-Absorbable Plating System and Bone Substitute
Authors: GANGOPADHYAY S. , RAVI K. , PACKER G.
Published: November 2005

This study reports the results of open reduction and internal fixation of 26 unstable, intraarticular, dorsally displaced fractures of the distal radius using a bio-absorbable dorsal distal radius (Reunite) plate and calcium phosphate (Biobon) bone substitute. The bio-absorbable plate has the advantage of being low profile, easily contourable and angularly stable. In the majority of cases, this plate produces functional results comparable with metal plates. The Gartland and Werley score was excellent or good in 21 patients. The theoretical advantage over metal plates is in eliminating the need to remove the plate and hence the need for a second operation if implant-related extensor tenosynovitis occurs. Inflammatory tissue reaction to the degradation products of the plate is a potential concern, although the co-polymer ratio used in this plate appears to have reduced the severity of this reaction, which was seen in two patients in this series. The reduction was lost in five patients with severe dorsal comminution. Following this experience, we do not recommend this plating system for fractures with a metaphyseal gap of greater than 7 mm following reduction.
Allergic management of Meniere's disease: An outcome study
Authors: Derebery M. Jennifer
Published: November 2005

The effect of allergy immunotherapy and elimination of suspected food allergens was evaluated in patients with Meniere's disease. A total of 137 patients with Meniere's disease for whom allergy treatment had been recommended were identified and were mailed and returned a symptoms questionnaire. One hundred thirteen had received allergy treatment; 24 did not have treatment and served as a control group. Information regarding history, signs and symptoms, allergy test results, and audiologic data were obtained by chart review. The 113 patients treated with desensitization and diet showed a significant improvement from pretreatment to posttreatment in both allergy and Meniere's symptoms. Ratings of frequency, severity, and interference with everyday activities of their Meniere's symptoms also appeared better after allergy treatment than ratings from the control group of untreated patients. Vertigo control results, by use of the American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery classification, categorized 47.9% as class A or B. Hearing was stable or improved in 61.4%. Patients with Meniere's disease can show improvement in their symptoms of tinnitus and vertigo when receiving specific allergy therapy. The inner ear may be the target, directly or indirectly, of an allergic reaction.
Toronto Facial Grading System: Interobserver reliability
Authors: Kayhan Fatma Tulin , Zurakowski David , Rauch Steven D.
Published: November 2005

The Toronto Facial Grading System (TFGS) is an observer scale for rating facial nerve dysfunction. The TFGS scores aspects of resting symmetry, symmetry of voluntary movement, and synkinesis for each division of the face (subscores) and then provides calculated total scores and an overall composite score of facial function. The developers of the scale have validated its sensitivity for identifying small changes in facial dysfunction and the independence of the different components measured. Herein we report our results in a study of interob‐server reliability using the TFGS. Twenty‐five patients from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Facial Nerve Center with varying degrees of facial paresis, paralysis, and synkinesis were videotaped, and the video recordings were scored by 5 independent observers using the TFGS. Intraclass correlation coefficients (κ) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for subscores and for each total and composite score. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.59 to 0.85, all considered substantial to near‐perfect agreement between observers. We believe the TFGS is superior to other scales by virtue of its sensitivity, comprehensiveness, ease of use, and interobserver reliability. The TFGS presently appears to be the best option in those situations in which accurate and precise documentation of facial function is required.
Remifentanil‐based anesthesia versus a propofol technique for otologic surgical procedures
Authors: Jellish W. Scott , Leonetti John P. , Avramov Avram , Fluder Elaine , Murdoch John
Published: November 2005

Otologic procedures require a still surgical field and are associated with a 50% incidence of emetic symptoms. Propofol reduces nausea and vomiting but not intraoperative movement. This study compares a remifentanil/propofol anesthetic to a propofol/fentanyl combination to determine which provides the best perioperative conditions for otologic microsurgery. Eighty healthy patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the anesthetic combinations. Demographic data, hemodynamic variables, movement, and bispectral index monitoring values in addition to anesthetic emergence, nausea, vomiting, pain, and other recovery variables were compared between groups with appropriate statistical methods. Both groups were similar. Times to eye opening (7.7 ± 0.7 vs 12.4 ±1.2 minutes) and extubation (9.8 ± 0.9 vs 12.4 ±1.0 minutes) were shorter with remifentanil. This group also had lower hemodynamic variables and movement (23% vs 65%) under anesthesia. Postoperative pain was mild in both groups, but remifentanil patients had more than the propofol group. All other postoperative parameters were similar. Remifentanil‐based anesthesia produces better hemodynamic stability, less movement, and faster emergence after otologic surgery, with propofol's antiemetic effect, for the same cost.
Assessment of auditory cortex activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ulualp Seckin O. , Biswal Bharat B. , Yetkin F. Zerrin , Kidder Thomas M.
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVE

The goal was to assess auditory cortex activation evoked by pure‐tone stimulus with functional MRI.

METHODS

Five healthy children, aged 7 to 10 years, were studied. Hearing evaluation was performed by pure‐tone audiometry in a sound‐treated room and in the MRI scanner with the scanner noise in the background. Subjects were asked to listen to pure tones (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) at thresholds determined in the MRI scanner. Functional image processing was performed with a cross‐correlation technique with a correlation coefficient of 0.5 (P < 0.0001). Auditory cortex activation was assessed by observing activated pixels in functional images.

RESULTS

Functional images of auditory cortex activation were obtained in 3 children. All children showed activation in Heschl's gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and planum temporale. The number of activated pixels in auditory cortexes ranged from 4 to 33.

CONCLUSIONS

Functional images of auditory cortex activation evoked by pure‐tone stimuli are obtained in healthy children with the functional MRI technique.
Disseminated blastomycosis presenting as a neck mass
Authors: Bergman Kenneth R. , Sorensen Peter , Sinha Christopher
Published: November 2005

Blastomycosis is an uncommon disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. It is endemic to the central United States, especially the watersheds of the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers. The clinical presentation of this disease often mimics that of malignancy, so a high index of suspicion must be present to avoid misdiagnosis.1
Electroneurographic facial muscle pattern in Bell's palsy
Authors: Engström Mats , Jonsson Lars , Grindlund Margareta , Stälberg Erik
Published: November 2005

To study the electroneurographic facial muscle pattern in Bell's palsy over time, electroneurographic recordings in the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, nasalis, and mentalis muscle regions were performed early (mean, day 11) and 1 and 3 months after the onset of the condition in 30 consecutive patients. The correlation between facial muscle electroneurographic recordings over time was also calculated. An additional aim was to assess whether further prognostic information could be obtained by electroneurographic recordings in more than one facial region. The recovery pattern was similar in all 4 facial regions. Initially, the correlation between the facial recordings was weak (r = 0.20‐0.27), but it was improved at follow‐up examinations (r = 0.33‐0.65). Favorable outcome in 23 of 24 patients (96%) could have been predicted by the initial nasalis and/or mentalis recordings. The gap between patients with favorable outcome and patients with unfavorable outcome increased when the average electroneurography values were calculated from 1, 2, and 4 muscle recordings (4%, 8%, and 15%, respectively). Our results indicate that in Bell's palsy, electroneurographic examination of more than one facial muscle region may add prognostic information and that the degree of degeneration is initially different in the nerve branches.
Schwannoma of the greater superficial petrosal nerve
Authors: Michel Olaf , Wagner Mathias , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando
Published: November 2005

A case of an intracranial schwannoma originating from the greater superficial petrosal nerve with wide extension into the pterygopalatine fossa in a 20‐year‐old woman without neurofibromatosis is reported. The motor facial nerve including the geniculate ganglion was not affected. At presentation the patient had vertigo, progressive hearing loss, and mild facial nerve synkinesis without lacrimation deficit. The tumor was detected by CT and MRI. The tumor was completely removed with an intracranial, extradural middle fossa approach with complete preservation of the motor facial nerve function. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an isolated schwannoma of the greater superficial petrosal nerve without involvement of the motor facial nerve.
Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Turbinate Hypertrophy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Li Kasey K. , Powell Nelson B. , Riley Robert W. , Troell Robert J. , Guilleminault Christian
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVES

Ideal treatment for nasal obstruction caused by turbinate hypertrophy remains in question. Medical therapy is often ineffective. Surgical procedures have associated morbidity including pain, bleeding, crusting, adhesion, infection, and dryness. Radiofrequency has recently been shown to be safe and effective in volumetric tissue reduction of the tongue in the animal model and of the palate in human beings. We prospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction (RFVTR) for the treatment of nasal obstruction caused by inferior turbinate hypertrophy.

METHODS

Twenty‐two consecutive patients with nasal obstruction and associated inferior turbinate hypertrophy refractory to medical therapy were evaluated for RFVTR. The study design limited the region of treatment to the anterior third of the inferior turbinate. The procedures were performed in an ambulatory facility with patients under local anesthesia. Clinical examinations, patient questionnaires, and visual analog scales were used to assess treatment outcomes.

RESULTS

No adverse effects were encountered, including bleeding, crusting, dryness, infection, adhesion, or a worsening of obstruction. Mild edema was noted in all patients but was of short duration (24 to 48 hours). Posttreatment discomfort was well controlled with acetaminophen. Eight weeks after treatment, nasal breathing improved in 21 of 22 patients, with a 58.5% reduction in severity and a 56.5% decrease in the frequency of nasal obstruction.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study demonstrate that RFVTR of the hypertrophic inferior turbinate is associated with minimal adverse effects. Furthermore, this new treatment modality achieves subjective improvement in patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction. However, because of the small sample size and short follow‐up, future investigations are needed to fully evaluate the use of RFVTR in the treatment of nasal obstruction caused by turbinate hypertrophy.
Protection against Aminoglycoside Otic Drop‐Induced Ototoxicity by a Spin Trap: I. Acute Effects
Authors: Hester T. Oma , Jones Raleigh O. , Clerici William J.
Published: November 2005

Topical administration of aminoglycoside antibiotic drops containing neomycin and polymyxin B disrupts cochlear structure and function in rodents, possibly as a result of reactive oxygen species generation. This study investigated the ability of a spin trap, α‐phenyl‐tert‐butyl‐nitrone (PBN), to prevent acute aminoglycoside antibiotic drop‐induced cochlear dysfunction. Guinea pigs were monitored for compound action potential thresholds and 1.0 μV root‐mean‐square cochlear microphonic isopotential curve values, then injected intraperitoneally with PBN (60 mg/kg) or saline solution. After 10 minutes, 50 μl of PBN (100 mmol/L) or artificial perilymph was applied to the round window membrane, followed after 10 minutes with artificial perilymph or aminoglycoside antibiotic drops (50 μl). From 10 to 60 minutes after exposure, mean compound action potential thresholds progressively increased in the artificial perilymph‐aminoglycoside antibiotic drop group, beginning with high frequencies and later including ever‐lower frequencies. These threshold shifts in compound action potentials were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those seen in the artificial perilymph‐artificial perilymph or PBN‐aminoglycoside antibiotic drop groups. This finding indicates that PBN provided protection against acute aminoglycoside antibiotic drop‐induced compound action potential threshold sensitivity loss. Mean cochlear microphonic shift values at 60 minutes in the artificial perilymph‐aminoglycoside antibiotic drop group significantly exceeded those of the other groups only at the highest frequencies. These data suggest that acute aminoglycoside antibiotic drop‐induced cochlear disruption primarily affects high frequency compound action potential function and may be partially reactive oxygen species‐mediated and preventable.
Electroneurography during Facial Nerve Expansion
Authors: Dakin Kim , Sanders Tammy , Harrison Scott , Dickman J. David , Anand Vinod K.
Published: November 2005

With the use of tissue‐expansion techniques, it is possible to elongate the facial nerve without impairing its function. The rate of expansion is limited by ischemic events imposed by stretching of the nerve and by anatomic characteristics of the nerve segment. In this study, we used various electroneurography techniques to determine the first sign of facial dysfunction during expansion. The main objective of the study was to ascertain test‐retest variability of electroneurography techniques. Facial nerves were expanded in 16 cats with the use of a tissue expander secured more deeply to the main trunk. We conducted electroneurography measurements with the use of surface electrodes, temporary needle electrodes, and permanently implanted electrodes. Technique‐dependent variations encountered with the surface electrodes made this method unreliable. Using implanted electrodes, we noted gradual worsening of the compound‐action potential amplitude with increasing expansion. During acute expansion, reduction in compound‐action potential amplitude was correlated with clinically observed deterioration of facial‐nerve function. In this study, electroneurography with implanted electrodes was found to be the most reliable predictor of the rate of successful facial nerve expansion.