bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PTRM: Perceived Terrain Realism Metric
Authors: Rajasekaran Suren Deepak , Kang Hao , Čadík Martin , Galin Eric , Guérin Eric , Peytavie Adrien , Slavík Pavel , Benes Bedrich
Published: February 2022

Terrains are visually prominent and commonly needed objects in many computer graphics applications. While there are many algorithms for synthetic terrain generation, it is rather difficult to assess the realism of a generated output. This article presents a first step toward the direction of perceptual evaluation for terrain models. We gathered and categorized several classes of real terrains, and we generated synthetic terrain models using computer graphics methods. The terrain geometries were rendered by using the same texturing, lighting, and camera position. Two studies on these image sets were conducted, ranking the terrains perceptually, and showing that the synthetic terrains are perceived as lacking realism compared to the real ones. We provide insight into the features that affect the perceived realism by a quantitative evaluation based on localized geomorphology-based landform features (geomorphons) that categorize terrain structures such as valleys, ridges, hollows, and so forth. We show that the presence or absence of certain features has a significant perceptual effect. The importance and presence of the terrain features were confirmed by using a generative deep neural network that transferred the features between the geometric models of the real terrains and the synthetic ones. The feature transfer was followed by another perceptual experiment that further showed their importance and effect on perceived realism. We then introduce
Perceived Terrain Realism Metrics
(PTRM), which estimates human-perceived realism of a terrain represented as a digital elevation map by relating the distribution of terrain features with their perceived realism. This metric can be used on a synthetic terrain, and it will output an estimated level of perceived realism. We validated the proposed metrics on real and synthetic data and compared them to the perceptual studies.
SIMD-Matcher: A SIMD-based Arbitrary Matching Framework
Authors: Wang Ping , Wen Fei , Gratz Paul V. , Sprintson Alex
Published: February 2022

Packet classification methods rely upon matching packet content/header against pre-defined rules, which are generated by network applications and their configurations. With the rapid development of network technology and the fast-growing network applications, users seek more enhanced, secure, and diverse network services. Hence it becomes critical to improve the performance of arbitrary matching operations.

This article presents SIMD-Matcher, an efficient Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) and cache-friendly arbitrary matching framework. To further improve the arbitrary matching performance, SIMD-Matcher adopts a trie node with a fixed high fanout and a varying span for each node depending on the data distribution. The trie node layout leverages cache and modern processor features such as SIMD instructions. To support arbitrary matching, we first interpret arbitrary rules into three fields: value, mask, and priority. Second, to support insertion of randomly positioned wildcards to arbitrary rules, we propose the SIMD-Matcher extraction algorithm to process the wildcard bits. Third, we add an array of wildcard entries to the leaf entries, which store the wildcard rules and guarantee the correctness of matching results. Experiments show that SIMD-Matcher outperforms GenMatcher under large-scale ruleset and key set, in terms of search time, insert time, and memory cost. Specifically with 5M rules, our method achieves a 2.7X speedup on search time, and the insertion time takes

\( ~\sim \!\! 7.3 \)

seconds, gaining a 1.38X speedup; meanwhile, the memory cost reduction is up to 6.17X.
Inducing Non-uniform FPGA Aging Using Configuration-based Short Circuits
Authors: Cook Hayden , Arscott Jacob , George Brent , Gaskin Tanner , Goeders Jeffrey , Hutchings Brad
Published: February 2022

This work demonstrates a novel method of accelerating FPGA aging by configuring FPGAs to implement thousands of short circuits, resulting in high on-chip currents and temperatures. Patterns of ring oscillators are placed across the chip and are used to characterize the operating frequency of the FPGA fabric.

Over the course of several months of running the short circuits on two-thirds of the reconfigurable fabric, with daily characterization of the FPGA 6 performance, we demonstrate a decrease in FPGA frequency of 8.5%. We demonstrate that this aging is induced in a non-uniform manner. The maximum slowdown outside of the shorted regions is 2.1%, or about a fourth of the maximum slowdown that is experienced inside the shorted region. In addition, we demonstrate that the slowdown is linear after the first two weeks of the experiment and is unaffected by a recovery period.

Additional experiments involving short circuits are also performed to demonstrate the results of our initial experiments are repeatable. These experiments also use a more fine-grained characterization method that provides further insight into the non-uniformed nature of the aging caused by short circuits.
Phase Transitions, Thermal Expansions, Chemical Expansions, and CO2 Resistances of Ba(Ce0.8-x
Zr
x
Y0.1Yb0.1)O3-δ
(x = 0.1, 0.4) Perovskite-Type Proton Conductors
Authors: Nomura Katsuhiro , Shimada Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Yuki , Shin Woosuck , Okuyama Yuji , Mizutani Yasunobu
Published: February 2022

The phase transitions, thermal expansions, chemical expansions, and CO2 resistances of Ba(Ce0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1)O3-δ
(BCZYYb7111) and Ba(Ce0.4Zr0.4Y0.1Yb0.1)O3-δ
(BCZYYb4411) have been investigated via high-temperature X-ray diffraction in controlled atmospheres (dry N2, wet N2, and dry 33.3 vol% CO2 − 66.6 vol% N2) on cooling from 1173 to 298 K. Two phase transitions (cubic (Pm

3
¯

m) to trigonal (R

3
¯

c) and trigonal (R

3
¯

c) to monoclinic (I2/m)) were observed for BCZYYb7111, whereas one phase transition (cubic (Pm

3
¯

m) to trigonal (R

3
¯

c)) was observed for BCZYYb4411 when the samples were prepared at 1873 K in air. Dehydrated BCZYYb7111 and BCZYYb4411 (by firing at 1273 K for 10 h in dry N2) showed trigonal (R

3
¯

c) and cubic (Pm

3
¯

m) symmetries, respectively, at 298 K in dry N2. BCZYYb7111 and BCZYb4411 exhibited linear thermal expansion coefficients (LTECs) of 10.7 × 10−6 K−1 and 10.1 × 10−6 K−1, respectively, from 973 to 1173 K in dry N2 and maximum chemical expansion rates (CERs) of 0.33% and 0.29%, respectively, at 773 K. BCZYYb7111, which has a higher Ce/Zr ratio, exhibited larger LTEC and CER values than BCZYYb4411, whereas BCZYYb4411, which has a lower Ce/Zr ratio, exhibited higher CO2 resistance than BCZYYb7111.
Symmetric Supercapacitors of PANI Coated RuO2/TiO2 Macroporous Structures Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition
Authors: Arvizu M. A. , González F. J. , Romero-Galarza A. , Rodríguez-Varela F. J. , Garcia C. R. , Garcia-Lobato M. A.
Published: February 2022

This work reports the electrochemical performance of PANI coated RuO2/TiO2 (RTO) macroporous structures. The PANI-RTO nanocomposites were binder-free deposited on FTO glass substrates by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). According to physical characterizations, the content of RTO has a strong influence on the morphology of nanocomposites, and hence, on their specific surface area and hydrophilicity. Electrochemical studies performed in a 0.1 M aqueous solution of H2SO4 demonstrate that PANI-10RTO electrode exhibit the best transport properties, with an energy density of 18.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density 150 W kg−1 within a potential window of 0‒0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl. Furthermore, it shows a coulombic efficiency of 99.8% and capacitance retention above 81.6% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. Based on these results, symmetric supercapacitor devices (SSDs) of PANI-10RTO//PANI-10RTO were assembled. When the SSD was operated in a potential window of 0‒0.6 V, it provides a capacitance of 67.4 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 alongside a specific energy of 3.37 Wh kg−1 at 60 W kg−1.
On Improved 3D-CNN-Based Binary and Multiclass Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Neuroimaging Modalities and Data Augmentation Methods
Authors: Tufail Ahsan Bin , Ullah Kalim , Khan Rehan Ali , Shakir Mustafa , Khan Muhammad Abbas , Ullah Inam , Ma Yong-Kui , Ali Md. Sadek
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible illness of the brain impacting the functional and daily activities of elderly population worldwide. Neuroimaging sensory systems such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) measure the pathological changes in the brain associated with this disorder especially in its early stages. Deep learning (DL) architectures such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are successfully used in recognition, classification, segmentation, detection, and other domains for data interpretation. Data augmentation schemes work alongside DL techniques and may impact the final task performance positively or negatively. In this work, we have studied and compared the impact of three data augmentation techniques on the final performances of CNN architectures in the 3D domain for the early diagnosis of AD. We have studied both binary and multiclass classification problems using MRI and PET neuroimaging modalities. We have found the performance of random zoomed in/out augmentation to be the best among all the augmentation methods. It is also observed that combining different augmentation methods may result in deteriorating performances on the classification tasks. Furthermore, we have seen that architecture engineering has less impact on the final classification performance in comparison to the data manipulation schemes. We have also observed that deeper architectures may not provide performance advantages in comparison to their shallower counterparts. We have further observed that these augmentation schemes do not alleviate the class imbalance issue.
An Anonymous Blockchain-Based Authentication Scheme for Secure Healthcare Applications
Authors: Rajasekaran Arun Sekar , Azees M.
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, continuous monitoring of a patient’s healthcare data has become a critical factor in human well-being. However, with the rapid advancement of wireless technology, doctors and healthcare professionals can monitor the patient’s healthcare data in real time. But to access the confidential patient’s data which is transferred through the open wireless medium, the secure transmission plays an important role. In this work, the privacy and the anonymity of the end-users (patient/doctor) are preserved using an anonymous blockchain-based authentication scheme. Moreover, in this work initially, mutual authentication is performed between the end-users, followed by encryption and decryption of confidential data. In addition, to avoid reauthentication of the patient again during the movement of a patient from one doctor to another, a transfer authentication protocol is performed between the doctors which enhances performance analysis. The security analysis section illustrates the withstanding capability of the proposed work against various vulnerable attacks. Finally, performance investigation of the proposed work reveals a reduction in computational and communication costs when compared to existing related works.
Research on the Damage of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma to Patients’ Cardiovascular Vessels and Its Correlation with Hypertension
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Zhao Qiuping , Sang Haiqiang , Dong Jiajia , Bai Minfu
Published: February 2022

Chromaffin cell-centered pheochromocytoma (Pheo) is a rare tumour. Pheochromocytoma and how it affects the heart will be the topic of this article. Due to the comparable symptoms and indications of the sympathetic nervous system, a pheochromocytoma might be difficult to detect early. There are also other frequent differential diagnoses that might delay the detection of a pheochromocytoma. One of the most common side effects of pheochromocytoma is unmanageable hypertension. Hypertensive crisis (extreme increases in blood pressure) can develop, which is a life-threatening condition that leads to strokes or arrhythmia. Estimated to affect African Americans significantly, they frequently go undetected due to a lack of resources or accessibility of services. Because this tumour is difficult to identify and its symptoms often resemble those of other diseases, it is frequently overlooked. A pheochromocytoma’s long-term consequences can include cardiac muscle deterioration, congestive heart failure (CHF), a higher diabetes risk and possibly death. Masked hypertension (MH) is more common in people with adrenal pheochromocytoma, which has been related to an increased risk of heart disease. With the use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, this research set out to find out how common mental health issues are among people with APs. There were 85 participants in all, 43 of whom had APs and 42 of whom had the same age, gender, BMI, smoking and diabetes as the AP patients. Measurements were made of the BP and AP in both the diseased and control groups. Retrospective data collection was used to gather biochemical, hormonal and radiological information on the patients. The Pearson–Boltzmann CNN method was then used to assess risk based on the diagnosis results. Furthermore, depending on the risk score, more nonselective blockers (e.g., prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin, and metyrosine) have been used to lower perioperative catecholamine levels, hence reducing illness risk. After a successful surgical excision of the tumour, the recommended therapy can usually be stopped quickly.
Relative Pose Estimation for RGB-D Human Input Scans via Implicit Function Reconstruction
Authors: Liu Pengpeng , Yu Tao , Zeng Zhi , Liu Yebin , Zhang Guixuan , Song Zhen
Published: February 2022

To achieve a promising performance on relative pose estimation for RGB-D scans, a considerable overlap between two RGB-D inputs is often required for most existing methods. However, in many practical applications for human scans, we often have to estimate the relative poses under arbitrary overlaps, which is challenging for existing methods. To deal with this problem, this paper presents a novel end-to-end and coarse-to-fine optimization method. Our method is self-supervision which firstly combines implicit function reconstruction with differentiable render for RGB-D human input scans at arbitrary overlaps in relative pose estimation. The insight is to take advantage of the underlying human geometry prior as much as possible. First of all, for stable coarse poses, we utilize the implicit function reconstruction to dig out abundant hidden cues from unseen regions in the initialization module. To further refine the poses, the differentiable render is leveraged to establish a self-supervision mechanism in the optimization module, which is independent of standard pipelines for feature extracting and accurate correspondence matching. More importantly, our proposed method is flexible to be extended to multiview input scans. The results and evaluations demonstrate that our optimization module is robust for real-world noisy inputs, and our approach outperforms considerably than standard pipelines in non-overlapping setups.
Application of Multiprocessing Technology of Motion Video Image Based on Sensor Technology in Track and Field Sports
Authors: Xu Shaofeng , Chen Junmeng
Published: February 2022

To improve the accuracy of track and field sports feature recognition, this paper combines sensor technology to improve the motion video image multiprocessing technology and gives the basic principles of image registration. Moreover, this paper chooses a model based on projection transformation. When using a high-speed linear CCD, only the image information on the finish line is collected. Unlike the previous high-speed area CCD cameras that can capture runway information, linear CCDs are used to collect only the image information on the finish line, and the data is collected and processed through sensor technology. The research shows that the application effect of the motion video image multiprocessing technology based on sensor technology in track and field sports proposed in this paper has good practical effects.
Influence of Aluminum Silicate and Cerium (IV) Oxide Nanofluid on Pool Boiling Characteristics
Authors: Kumaravelu Yoganand , Periyathambi Vasanthkumar , Udhayanan Poongundran , Murugesan Mohanraj , Ramalingam R. Jothi , Al-Lohedan Hamad , Al-dhayan Dhaifallah M. , Raghavan Ishwarya Komalnu
Published: February 2022

A study into pool boiling heat transfer with nanofluids particularly aluminum silicate and cerium (IV) oxide was used to prepare nanofluids. A review of existing nanofluid implementations done previously in multiple literature and research journals was taken into consideration while determining their effects as nanoparticles in necessary base fluids. The nanofluids were prepared with two-step method by dispersing Al2SiO5 and CeO2 nanopowders in water and were analyzed at base temperatures of 50-75°C and peak flux readings taken at saturation temperature. An inference between these and surface modifications due to settlement of nanoparticles on heater surface was studied by SEM imaging, and dispersion was studied with TEM imaging. The volume concentrations of Al2SiO5 and CeO2 nanofluids are varied from

0.1
%
≤
φ
≤
0.3
%

. Readings taken at temperatures varied by 5°C between 50°C to 75°C and at 100°C. The improvement of

q

″

for Al2SiO5/H2O and CeO2/H2O nanofluids is about

120.5
±
0.6

% in PHF over water as base fluids for 0.3% volume concentration solutions.
The In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects of Gold Nanocomplex on THP-1-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Abuarqoub Duaa , Mahmoud Nouf N. , Zaza Rand , Abu-Dahab Rana , Khalil Enam A. , Sabbah Dima A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. This study is aimed at investigating the immunological response after treating THP-1 cells with gold nanorods conjugated with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα) inhibitor. Methodology. Gold nanorods were synthesized and functionalized with cholesterol-PEG-SH moiety, and the treatment groups were as follows: nanocomplex (a drug-conjugated gold nanorods), free drug (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα) inhibitor), and GNR (the nanocarrier; cholesterol-coated gold nanorods). THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages and characterized by measuring the expression of macrophage surface markers by flow cytometry. Then, differentiated cells were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Afterwards, activated macrophages were treated with the different treatments: nanocomplex, free drug, and GNR, for 24 hrs. After treatment, the production of the inflammatory cytokines measured at gene and protein levels by using qPCR and CBA array beads by flow cytometry. Results. Our results show that THP-1 cells were successfully differentiated into macrophages. For inflammatory cytokine expression response, nanocomplex and free drug showed the same expression level of cytokines at gene level, as the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was significantly downregulated (p<0.0005,p<0.0005,p<0.00005), respectively, while IL-8, IL-10, and TGF-β were all upregulated in a significant manner for nanocomplex (p<0.00005,p<0.00005,p<0.00005) and free drug treatment group (p<0.00005,p<0.05,p<0.05) compared to the control untreated group. While in the GNR group, IL-6 and TNF-α were downregulated (p<0.005,p<0.00005), and IL-12p40 (p<0.00005) was upregulated all in a statistically significant manner. While at protein level, cells were treated with our nanocomplex: IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12p70 and were significantly decreased (p<0.00005,p<0.005,p<0.05,p<0.00005), and IL-10 was found to be significantly increased in culture compared to the untreated control group (p<0.005). For free drug; IL-1β and IL-12p70 were significantly decreased (p<0.00005,p<0.00005), while a significant increase in the secretion levels of IL-10 only was noticed compared to the untreated group (p<0.005). For GNR treatment groups, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-12p70 were significantly decreased (p<0.00005,p<0.05,p<0.00005). Conclusion. We can conclude that our nanocomplex is a potent effector that prevents tumoral progression by activating three main immunological strategies: switching the surface expression profile of the activated macrophages into a proinflammatory M1-like phenotype, downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and upregulating the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Deep-Learning-Based Motion Capture Technology in Film and Television Animation Production
Authors: Wei Yating
Published: February 2022

With the popularity of King Kong, Pirates of the Caribbean 2, Avatar, and other films, the virtual characters in these films have become popular and well loved by audiences. The creation of these virtual characters is different from traditional 3D animation but is based on real character movements and expressions. An overview of several mainstream motion capture systems in the field of motion capture is presented, and the application of motion capture technology in film and animation is explained in detail. The current motion capture technology is mainly based on complex human markers and sensors, which are costly, while deep-learning-based human pose estimation is becoming a new option. However, most existing methods are based on a single person or picture estimation, and there are many challenges for video multiperson estimation. The experimental results show that a simple design of the human motion capture system is achieved.
Research on Structural Similarity Design Emergency Exercise’s Scenario
Authors: Zhao Kaigong , Wang Haiyan , Zheng Dengfeng
Published: February 2022

In order to better apply the “situational response” model in the field of fluidized mining emergency management, it is the first step and the most critical problem to construct a reasonable scenario for fluidized mining emergency drills and reasonably put forward emergency management measures. Therefore, the structural similarity method is adopted in this paper to design emergency exercise scenarios. Firstly, a model of hierarchical structured scenarios is proposed, namely, modules of “Event-Environment-State of scenario-Disposal of task-Emergency action- Resources subject.” Secondly, a scenario chain is designed, and a prediction method of the event development trend under the current scenario is proposed. Thirdly, the calculation method of scenario similarity and the proposed emergency response scheme method under the current situation after similarity comparison are proposed. Finally, the structural similarity analysis method is used to verify the application of “scenario construction” in oil and gas pipeline accidents, and better analysis results are obtained. Through this research, the application of “scenario design” in fluidized mining emergency management has been expanded and enriched, and technical support for “scenario design” of fluidized mining assisted decisions is provided.
Comparison of Different Restoration Techniques for Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Lukarcanin Jusuf , Sadıkoğlu İsmail Serhat , Yaşa Bilal , Türkün Lezize Şebnem , Türkün Murat
Published: February 2022

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the physical properties of endodontically treated teeth restored with five different restorative techniques and materials. Hundred and forty extracted human molar teeth were used. In addition to five restoration groups, specimens with no restorations were used as the negative control, and intact molar teeth were used as the positive control. For flexural strength tests, material specimens were made from 5 different materials using a mould according to ISO 4049 standards. One-way ANOVA revealed that the fracture resistance was significantly affected by the restoration type. SFRC group showed the best fracture resistance values, while lowest values were seen in the GWF group. The test results of flexural strength showed values between 140 and 184 MPa and modulus of elasticity between 6.33 and 18.89 GPa (

p
<
0.05

). Under the limits of this study, results showed that SFRC can be used to increase the fracture resistance of ETT.
A Study on the Optimization Mechanism of the Civic OBE Concept for a Computational Thinking-Oriented Basic Programming Course
Authors: Xiong Hao , Talha Muhammad
Published: February 2022

This paper conducts an in-depth study and analysis of the optimization mechanism of the Civic OBE concept through the basic programming course of computational thinking. The connotation, implementation principles, and key points of the OBE concept are thoroughly studied and analyzed, and the new requirements of knowledge, ability, and quality of applied talents are specifically analyzed with the characteristics of applied talents in local undergraduate institutions and demand-oriented; the “top-down” idea is fully considered, and the top-down design is based on the middle school IT learning objectives. The reverse design focuses on the cultivation of skills and emotional goals, satisfies students’ individual needs, and enhances students’ ability to analyze and solve problems, and, second, to adapt to the rapid information society, the development of online open platforms, the use of information technology, the integration of modern learning resources, changing the traditional classroom teaching, and stimulating students’ learning enthusiasm and autonomy, to truly achieve efficient classroom. Based on this, this study tries to provide some new ideas and contribute some strengths to the design and practice research of information technology education in junior high school. In the process of effect analysis, data analysis was conducted on the achievement of the competency index points and related achievements of the research subjects. Oral interviews were also conducted with the teachers and students who participated in the experiment to explore the effectiveness of the project-based learning teaching model based on the OBE concept and to summarize the shortcomings of the model in teaching.
Image Retrieval of Tourism Landscape in Rural Revitalization Based on Wireless Communication Network
Authors: Xie Ou
Published: February 2022

With the rapid development of information technology, people's acquisition of tourism and other information is increasingly dependent on images and other information. Aiming at the low efficiency of traditional image retrieval methods in processing massive image data, an image retrieval method based on wireless communication network is proposed. Based on the salient area and wireless communication network combined with the hash method to extract local CNN features, simulate INRIA Holidays Data set and Oxford Buildings Data set, and calculate the accuracy and recall rate of search results based on the returned results of tourist attractions pictures. This article designs an experiment to verify the accuracy and recall rate of search results. By comparing the feature hash function to generate the hash code and the Hamming distance between each hash code in the image library, the image is queried, and the final search result is obtained: The more searches, the lower the accuracy and recall rate. This also proves to a certain extent that the CNN feature extraction technology can be used for travel image search, improving the search accuracy by 20%.The wireless communication network is still of great significance to the future social development. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research, not only the image retrieval of tourist attractions proposed in this article but also the potential value of wireless communication networks from multiple angles and more comprehensively.
Synthesis and Optimization of Deesterified Acacia‐Alginate Nanohydrogel for Amethopterin Delivery
Authors: Sathish T. , Sabarirajan N. , Prasad Jones Christydass S. , Sivananthan S. , Kamalakannan R. , Vijayan V. , Paramasivam Prabhu
Published: February 2022

Naturally obtained materials are preferable for the production of biomedicine in biomedical applications. Acacia gum is has recently become a hopeful one in the biomedicine production due to its excellent properties, namely, emulsifier, stabilizing mediator, suspending agent, etc. In this novel work, we synthesised and characterized the deesterified Acacia gum‐alginate nanohydrogel (DEA‐AG NPs) as a carrier for amethopterin (ATN) delivery. This combination is used in the drug effectiveness and tissue engineering. In this work, the Taguchi route is implemented for estimating of particle size and zeta potential (mV) through optimization. Following three parameters are considered for this work: DEA solution concentration (0.008, 0.016, 0.024, and 0.032 w/v %), alginate molecular weight (3, 6, 9, and 12 MW), and ATN/DEA ratio (1 : 4, 1 : 8, 1 : 12, and 1 : 16 w/w %). In particle size analysis and zeta potential analysis, the DEA solution concentration is highly influenced. Minimum particle size is found as 148.50 nm. Similarly, maximum zeta potential is identified as 29.5 mV.
[Retracted] Nanobased Antibacterial Drug Discovery to Treat Skin Infections of Staphylococcus aureus Using Moringa oleifera‐Assisted Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle and Molecular Simulation Study
Authors: Gobinath Perumal , Packialakshmi Ponnusamy , Ali Daoud , Alarifi Saud , Gurusamy Raman , Idhayadhulla Akbar , SurendraKumar Radhakrishnan
Published: February 2022

In addition to the physical barrier, the epidermis acts as a natural barrier against microbial proliferation. It is prone to bacterial infections on the skin and in the nose, such as Staphylococcus aureus, as well as a variety of other skin illnesses. Green nanomaterial production, which eliminates the use of harmful chemicals while simultaneously reducing time, is gaining popularity in the nanotechnology area. Using the leaf extract of the pharmacologically valuable plant Moringa oleifera, we described a green synthesis of ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles). ZnO NPs had a particle size of 201.6 nm and a zeta potential of ‐56.80 mV, respectively. A novel aminoketone antibacterial medication was synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity using ZnO NPs as a phytocatalyst in this work. This method produces high yields while maintaining efficient and gentle reaction conditions. Moringa oleifera extract can reduce ZnO to ZnO NPs in a straightforward manner. FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, mass spectra, elemental analysis, and morphological analysis were used to synthesize and describe the antibacterial medicines (1a‐1g) and (2a‐2g). In addition, antibacterial activity was evaluated against bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, and compound 1c (63 μg/mL, E. faecalis) and compound 2e (0.12 μg/mL, S. aureus) were found to be very active when compared to other medications. mupirocin is used as a reference. In addition, studies of in silico molecular docking for the bacterial DsbA protein were conducted. The strong molecules 1c (‐4.3 kcal/mol) and 2e (‐5.1 kcal/mol) exhibit a high binding affinity through hydrogen bonding, according to docking tests.
Analysis and Improvement of Nursing Quality Based on Standardized Information Integration
Authors: He Huixia , Li Huiling , Qiao Kong , Hao Bin , Yu Dong
Published: February 2022

Information is becoming increasingly important in social development, and the medical industry’s informatization has made significant progress. This paper evaluates the role of nursing informatization in improving nursing quality management by analyzing and comparing changes in nursing quality before and after the implementation of nursing informatization. Using modern computer network technology to evaluate nursing quality, monitor the implementation of nursing management plans, and control nursing quality links in real time has helped to promote and improve nursing quality. The integration mode of the existing hospital information system is sorted out and standardized according to the requirements of refined hospital management. We can optimize the overall architecture of the hospital information system, reduce the tight coupling between business systems, support rapid integration and flexible expansion of business systems, and lay a foundation for the cooperation and data sharing of medical resources in and out of the hospital by establishing a hospital information platform based on standardized specifications.
Research on Intelligent Control System of Indoor Greening Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Su Chen , Wang Zhen
Published: February 2022

With the acceleration of urbanization, people living in cities have a fast pace of life, great work pressure, and difficult to form a regular work and rest. As an emerging industry, indoor greening began to develop rapidly, which is of great significance to increase the area of urban green space and improve the living environment in a specific range. Aiming at the contradiction between urban resources and demand, the existing indoor greening automatic management system is studied, and an indoor greening intelligent management system based on wireless sensor network is designed. After careful study of indoor greening and wireless sensor technology, the design scheme is obtained by comprehensively considering the factors of intelligent management and resource saving. The hardware and software are designed from four parts: acquisition end, control end, gateway, and host computer. The plant growth environment parameters such as light intensity are obtained in real time. Using analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate and analyze the plant growth environment, it can collect the relevant data of light, temperature, humidity, gas, and soil in real time and transmit the collected data to the host computer through wireless sensor network. The quantitative environmental suitability index is put forward, and the intelligent management of indoor greening plants is realized through the feedback control system. This topic combines wireless sensor technology with indoor greening, which can provide a new application field for the existing indoor greening. Once mature products are launched into the market, it can save time and energy for people to raise plants and better beautify and optimize the living environment.
Influence of Three-Body Gravitational Perturbation for Drag-Free Spacecraft
Authors: Jia Tao , Jiang Decheng , Li Chenglong , Ru Bo , Lian Xiaobin , Zhu Xusheng
Published: February 2022

This paper mainly studies the motion and control of the drag-free spacecraft system for a high-precision mission. In high-precision missions, the influence of three-body gravitational perturbation on a drag-free spacecraft system is still lack of relevant research. To this end, we first established a relative motion model of the test mass and the spacecraft based on multibody dynamics, and the equations of the relative motion of the test mass and the spacecraft cavity were obtained through coordinate transformation. The difference between the sun orbit and the Earth orbit is comparatively analyzed by a numerical solution. The influence of gravitational forces from the Earth, the moon, and the sun on the relative motion is studied in detail. Secondly, a sliding mode controller is designed for the high-precision mission. Finally, the performance of the controller is analyzed from the time domain and the frequency domain. Numerical simulation results show that the controller can meet the requirements of the time domain and the frequency domain.
Extracellular Vesicle–Packaged CDH11 and ITGA5 Induce the Premetastatic Niche for Bone Colonization of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Xiao-Qing , Zhang Rui , Lu Hong , Yue Xiao-Min , Huang Yu-Fan
Published: February 2022

Although most breast cancer metastases in bone cause osteolytic lesions, the osteogenic niche has commonly been described as an initiator of early-stage bone colonization of disseminated cancer cells. Tumor cell–derived extracellular vesicles (EV) have been shown to determine the organotropism of cancer cells by transferring their cargo, such as nucleic acids and proteins, to resident cells at future metastatic sites and preparing a favorable premetastatic niche. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and its regulated genes have been shown to facilitate the acquisition of osteomimetic features and to enhance the bone metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. In this study, we present in vivo and in vitro evidence to clarify the role of EVs released by breast cancer cells with high RUNX2 expression in the education of osteoblasts to form an osteogenic premetastatic niche. Furthermore, different extracellular vesicular proteins were identified that mediate events subsequent to the specific recognition of tumor-derived EVs by osteoblasts via cadherin 11 (CDH11) and the induction of the osteogenic premetastatic niche by integrin α5 (ITGA5). CDH11high/ITGA5high EVs were demonstrated to be responsible for the formation of a premetastatic niche that facilitates RUNX2 high-expressing breast cancer cell colonization in bone, revealing a potential EV-based premetastatic niche blockage strategy.

Significance:

This study provides mechanistic insights into the generation of an osteogenic premetastatic niche by breast cancer–derived EVs and identifies potential EV-derived diagnostic biomarkers and targets for breast cancer bone metastasis.
A Short Isoform of Spermatogenic Enzyme GAPDHS Functions as a Metabolic Switch and Limits Metastasis in Melanoma
Authors: Gill Jennifer G. , Leef Samantha N. , Ramesh Vijayashree , Martin-Sandoval Misty S. , Rao Aparna D. , West Lindsey , Muh Sarah , Gu Wen , Zhao Zhiyu , Hosler Gregory A. , Vandergriff Travis W. , Durham Alison B. , Mathews Thomas P. , Aurora Arin B.
Published: February 2022

Despite being the leading cause of cancer deaths, metastasis remains a poorly understood process. To identify novel regulators of metastasis in melanoma, we performed a large-scale RNA sequencing screen of 48 samples from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) subcutaneous melanomas and their associated metastases. In comparison with primary tumors, expression of glycolytic genes was frequently decreased in metastases, whereas expression of some tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle genes was increased in metastases. Consistent with these transcriptional changes, melanoma metastases underwent a metabolic switch characterized by decreased levels of glycolytic metabolites and increased abundance of TCA cycle metabolites. A short isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogenic (GAPDHS) lacking the N-terminal domain suppressed metastasis and regulated this metabolic switch. GAPDHS was downregulated in metastatic nodules from PDX models as well as in human patients. Overexpression of GAPDHS was sufficient to block melanoma metastasis, whereas its inhibition promoted metastasis, decreased glycolysis, and increased levels of certain TCA cycle metabolites and their derivatives including citrate, fumarate, malate, and aspartate. Isotope tracing studies indicated that GAPDHS mediates this shift through changes in pyruvate carboxylase activity and aspartate synthesis, both metabolic pathways critical for cancer survival and metastasis. Together, these data identify a short isoform of GAPDHS that limits melanoma metastasis and regulates central carbon metabolism.

Significance:

This study characterizes metabolic changes during cancer metastasis and identifies GAPDHS as a novel regulator of these processes in melanoma cells.
Combined Inhibition of G9a and EZH2 Suppresses Tumor Growth via Synergistic Induction of IL24-Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Casciello Francesco , Kelly Gregory M. , Ramarao-Milne Priya , Kamal Nabilah , Stewart Teneale A. , Mukhopadhyay Pamela , Kazakoff Stephen H. , Miranda Mariska , Kim Dorim , Davis Felicity M. , Hayward Nicholas K. , Vertino Paula M. , Waddell Nicola , Gannon Frank , Lee Jason S.
Published: February 2022

G9a and EZH2 are two histone methyltransferases commonly upregulated in several cancer types, yet the precise roles that these enzymes play cooperatively in cancer is unclear. We demonstrate here that frequent concurrent upregulation of both G9a and EZH2 occurs in several human tumors. These methyltransferases cooperatively repressed molecular pathways responsible for tumor cell death. In genetically distinct tumor subtypes, concomitant inhibition of G9a and EZH2 potently induced tumor cell death, highlighting the existence of tumor cell survival dependency at the epigenetic level. G9a and EZH2 synergistically repressed expression of genes involved in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the production of reactive oxygen species. IL24 was essential for the induction of tumor cell death and was identified as a common target of G9a and EZH2. Loss of function of G9a and EZH2 activated the IL24-ER stress axis and increased apoptosis in cancer cells while not affecting normal cells. These results indicate that G9a and EZH2 promotes the evasion of ER stress–mediated apoptosis by repressing IL24 transcription, therefore suggesting that their inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for solid cancers.

Significance:

These findings demonstrate a novel role for G9a and EZH2 histone methyltransferases in suppressing apoptosis, which can be targeted with small molecule inhibitors as a potential approach to improve solid cancer treatment.
A Novel HER2-Selective Kinase Inhibitor Is Effective in HER2 Mutant and Amplified Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Son Jieun , Jang Jaebong , Beyett Tyler S. , Eum Yoonji , Haikala Heidi M. , Verano Alyssa , Lin Mika , Hatcher John M. , Kwiatkowski Nicholas P. , Eser Pinar Ö. , Poitras Michael J. , Wang Stephen , Xu Man , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Cameron Michael D. , Eck Michael J. , Gray Nathanael S. , Jänne Pasi A.
Published: February 2022

In-frame insertions in exon 20 of HER2 are the most common HER2 mutations in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a disease in which approved EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) display poor efficiency and undesirable side effects due to their strong inhibition of wild-type (WT) EGFR. Here, we report a HER2-selective covalent TKI, JBJ-08–178–01, that targets multiple HER2 activating mutations, including exon 20 insertions as well as amplification. JBJ-08–178–01 displayed strong selectivity toward HER2 mutants over WT EGFR compared with other EGFR/HER2 TKIs. Determination of the crystal structure of HER2 in complex with JBJ-08–178–01 suggests that an interaction between the inhibitor and Ser783 may be responsible for HER2 selectivity. The compound showed strong antitumoral activity in HER2-mutant or amplified cancers in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with JBJ-08–178–01 also led to a reduction in total HER2 by promoting proteasomal degradation of the receptor. Taken together, the dual activity of JBJ-08–178–01 as a selective inhibitor and destabilizer of HER2 represents a combination that may lead to better efficacy and tolerance in patients with NSCLC harboring HER2 genetic alterations or amplification.

Significance:

This study describes unique mechanisms of action of a new mutant-selective HER2 kinase inhibitor that reduces both kinase activity and protein levels of HER2 in lung cancer.
CDK4/6 Inhibition Suppresses p73 Phosphorylation and Activates DR5 to Potentiate Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Tong Jingshan , Tan Xiao , Song Xiangping , Gao Man , Risnik Denise , Hao Suisui , Ermine Kaylee , Wang Peng , Li Hua , Huang Yi , Yu Jian , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2022

Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is a successful therapeutic approach against breast and other solid tumors. Inhibition of CDK4/6 halts cell cycle progression and promotes antitumor immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors are not fully understood. We found that CDK4/6 bind and phosphorylate the p53 family member p73 at threonine 86, which sequesters p73 in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of CDK4/6 led to dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p73, which transcriptionally activated death receptor 5 (DR5), a cytokine receptor and key component of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. p73-mediated induction of DR5 by CDK4/6 inhibitors promoted immunogenic cell death of cancer cells. Deletion of DR5 in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo abrogated the potentiating effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors on immune cytokine TRAIL, 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy, and anti–PD-1 immunotherapy. Together, these results reveal a previously unrecognized consequence of CDK4/6 inhibition, which may be critical for potentiating the killing and immunogenic effects on cancer cells.

Significance:

This work demonstrates how inhibition of CDK4/6 sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade and may provide a new molecular marker for improving CDK4/6-targeted cancer therapies.

See related commentary by Frank, p. 1170
The DNA-PK Inhibitor AZD7648 Sensitizes Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Xenografts to Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin and Olaparib Preventing Abdominal Metastases
Authors: Anastasia Alessia , Dellavedova Giulia , Ramos-Montoya Antonio , James Neil , Chiorino Giovanna , Russo Massimo , Baakza Hana , Wilson Joanne , Ghilardi Carmen , Cadogan Elaine B. , Giavazzi Raffaella , Bani Maria Rosa
Published: February 2022

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of 30%, when the disease has spread throughout the peritoneal cavity.

We investigated the efficacy to delay disease progression by the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor AZD7648, administered in combination with two of the therapeutic options for patient management: either pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) or the PARP inhibitor olaparib. Patient-derived ovarian cancer xenografts (OC-PDX) were transplanted subcutaneously to evaluate the effect of treatment on tumor growth, or orthotopically in the peritoneal cavity to evaluate the effect on metastatic spread. AZD7648 was administered orally in combination with PLD (dosed intravenously) or with olaparib (orally). To prove the inhibition of DNA-PK in the tumors, we measured pDNA-PKcs, pRPA32, and γH2AX, biomarkers of DNA-PK activity.

AZD7648 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of PLD in all the OC-PDXs tested, regardless of their BRCA status or sensitivity to cisplatin or PLD. The treatment caused disease stabilization, which persisted despite therapy discontinuation for tumors growing subcutaneously, and significantly impaired the abdominal metastatic dissemination, prolonging the lifespan of mice implanted orthotopically.

AZD7648 potentiated the efficacy of olaparib in BRCA-deficient OC-PDXs but did not sensitize BRCA-proficient OC-PDXs to olaparib, despite an equivalent inhibition of DNA-PK, suggesting the need of a preexisting olaparib activity to benefit from the addition of AZD7648.

This work suggests that AZD7648, an inhibitor of DNA-PK, dosed in combination with PLD or olaparib is an exciting therapeutic option that could benefit patients with ovarian cancer and should be explored in clinical trials.