bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de los servicios de redes de transporte en México. Extensión, determinantes y tipos de usuarios
Authors: Calonge Reillo Fernando
Published: January 2025

Tras diez años del comienzo de los servicios de redes de transporte en México, aún subsisten dudas sobre su extensión, determinantes y tipo de usuarios. En este artículo se recurre al Censo 2020 de México, para responder a esas interrogantes. Se descubre que es aún minoritario el uso de este servicio, aunque representa ya 1/3 de los viajes en taxi. El factor que más incide en su uso es el tipo de hogar, con un uso preferente de quienes viven en hogares unipersonales y sin consanguineidad. Se revela también que estos servicios satisfacen una considerable diversidad de necesidades y usuarios.
El patrimonio paisajístico y geomorfológico de la alta montaña cantábrica a través de un Itinerario por el Macizo de Peña Ubiña
Authors: Gallinar Cañedo David , Ochoa Álvarez Mirella , García Hernández Cristina , Ruiz Fernández Jesús
Published: January 2025

El hilo conductor de este itinerario geográfico por el Macizo de Peña Ubiña son las formas de modelado y el paisaje en un espacio de alta montaña cantábrica. A partir de ocho paradas en enclaves de especial relevancia geomorfológica se observan las huellas morfológicas de la Última Glaciación, los procesos periglaciares, las formas nivales, el modelado kárstico, la acción fluviotorrencial y los vestigios de la actividad antrópica y la Guerra Civil Española. Se pretende revalorizar el patrimonio geomorfológico, un elemento fundamental en los planes de ordenación de los espacios naturales protegidos que cada vez demanda más esfuerzos para su difusión.
El cuaderno de Blanca Catalán de Ocón: memoria de una naturalista entre la botánica, las artes y la poesía
Authors: Garrido Moreno Elisa
Published: January 2025

Blanca Catalán de Ocón y Gayolá (1860-1904) es un nombre que empieza a resonar en la historia de nuestro país, pero, cuyo notable legado a la ciencia y la cultura del siglo XIX todavía está por descubrir. Desde su juventud, demostró un interés innato por la botánica y fue designada como «la primera botánica española» por el científico alemán H.M. Willkomm, director del Jardín Botánico de Praga. Vivió su juventud rodeada de la belleza de la naturaleza, el saber científico y el gusto por las artes y la poesía que se respiraba en cada rincón de su hogar; un inmenso valle en el corazón de la Sierra de Albarracín. Fruto de sus investigaciones, elaboró un detallado herbario con más de ochenta especies, algunas desconocidas para la ciencia. Sin embargo, las flores de su valle fueron para ella mucho más que elementos a analizar científicamente. Al igual que para otras mujeres naturalistas de su tiempo, la botánica se convirtió en una fuente de inspiración artística, manifestada en poemas y composiciones florales que hoy recogemos aquí, gracias a la investigación realizada en el archivo privado conservado por sus descendientes.
Mediterranean symbols for a Hispano-Roman city: Artemis/Diana, Pallas-Athena/Minerva and Pegasus on the coinage of Emporiae
Authors: Gozalbes García Helena
Published: January 2025

This study analyses the dissemination of icons used on the coins minted by the provincial mint of Emporiae. To this end, the study delves into aspects that have received little attention in the literature. The first section explores the different phases that took place in the territory where the Hispano-Roman city was to emerge. The second section examines the main aspects that shaped the projection process of these monetary icons, taking into consideration important aspects such as the absence of the imperial portrait, the closest parallels of these images, and the epigraphic elements used in their dissemination. A detailed analysis of all the above allows us to conclude that the particular iconological-monumental selections made by Emporiae had the sole objective of showcasing the city’s complex nature, as it succeeded in integrating the different Hispanic, Roman, and Mediterranean identities of the various populations that were involved in the establishment of Emporiae as a municipium in Hispania Tarraconensis
Los hilos invisibles de la historia: explorando la dinámica de las sociedades antiguas a través del Análisis de Redes Sociales
Authors: Jiménez-Puerto Joaquín
Published: January 2025

Imagine el mundo antiguo como un vibrante tapiz tejido con innumerables hilos de relaciones entre artefactos, personas y comunidades. El Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) ofrece una lente a través de la cual podemos explorar estas intrincadas conexiones, transformando los registros arqueológicos estáticos en narrativas de interacción humana. Este artículo se adentra en la aplicación del ARS en la Arqueología, destacando cómo este método nos permite mapear las redes ocultas que moldearon las sociedades del pasado. Al emplear técnicas avanzadas de análisis de datos y visualización, el ARS proporciona poderosos métodos para descubrir la compleja red de interacciones que influyeron en el desarrollo y la transformación de las comunidades antiguas. El artículo no solo introduce los fundamentos teóricos del ARS, sino que también muestra sus aplicaciones prácticas, presentando un caso convincente de su potencial para revolucionar la investigación arqueológica. A través de esta herramienta, obtenemos nuevas perspectivas sobre la difusión de artefactos, ideas y prácticas culturales, enriqueciendo en última instancia nuestra comprensión de la historia humana.
Dialog Agama dan Ekologi
Authors: Munawar-Rachman Budhy
Published: January 2025

Artikel ini membahas hubungan antara agama dan ekologi, yang bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan nilai spiritual dan ilmiah dalam mengatasi krisis lingkungan global. Refleksi ini menunjukkan bagaimana tradisi agama, dengan pandangan terhadap alam sebagai ciptaan suci, dapat mendukung praktik pelestarian lingkungan yang lebih efektif. Pendekatan holistik ini menekankan peran nilai-nilai agama seperti stewardship, keadilan antargenerasi, dan keterhubungan semua ciptaan dalam mendukung keberlanjutan. Artikel ini juga menyoroti contoh konkret dari berbagai tradisi agama yang telah berhasil menginspirasi aksi lingkungan.
IKLAN LAYANAN MASYARAKAT BANGKIT DARI PANDEMI VERSI KETOPRAK DI RADIO SUARA KUDUS: REPRESENTASI BUDAYA DI KUDUS
Authors: Devi Arina Shafna , Rohimi Primi
Published: January 2025

Iklan layanan masyarakat merupakan salah satu bentuk komunikasi yang menyampaikan pesan-pesan sosial, baik yang bersifat ajakan maupun himbauan, yang ditujukan kepada masyarakat untuk mengatur kehidupan bermasyarakat melalui perubahan perilaku yang lebih baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis naskah iklan layanan masyarakat yang berjudul Bangkit Dari Pendemi versi kethoprak. Naskah tersebut terdiri dari tiga bagian, yaitu bahasa, budaya baru, seni tradisi dan pesan moral, dan tradisi ketoprak. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa naskah tersebut berhasil mengintegrasikan berbagai elemen budaya lokal Kudus, termasuk penggunaan bahasa lokal, tradisi ketoprak, dan nilai-nilai gotong royong. Iklan ini berperan penting dalam mensosialisasikan kebijakan pemerintah terkait pencegahan COVID-19 di sektor budaya dan ekonomi kreatif. Iklan ini tidak hanya menyampaikan informasi mengenai protokol kesehatan, tetapi juga berfungsi untuk membangkitkan semangat dan motivasi para pekerja seni dan budaya untuk tetap produktif di tengah tantangan pandemi. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi yang lebih besar dalam memahami peran komunikasi periklanan dalam konteks budaya dan sosial di Indonesia
STRATEGI PUBLIC RELATIONS PT. INDONESIA MEDIA KOMUNIKASI MASYARAKAT UNTUK MEMBANGUN KAMPUNG DIGITAL
Authors: Maharani Diva Danita , Vanel Zon
Published: January 2025

Teknologi memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam memperluas jangkauan pasar bagi pelaku UMKM dan meningkatkan daya saing mereka di tengah ekonomi digital. Untuk mendukung hal ini, Pemerintah Kota Salatiga bekerja sama dengan INDOMEDIA menginisiasi program Kampung Digital sebagai bagian dari Program SUPER TANGGUH. Program ini hadir untuk membuka akses teknologi digital bagi UMKM, yang diharapkan dapat mendorong kesejahteraan serta memperkuat perekonomian lokal melalui digitalisasi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada menganalisis strategi Public relations dalam membangun Kampung Digital. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, serta analisis data yang melibatkan proses reduksi, penyajian, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi empat tahap Public relations yang terdiri dari fact finding, planning and programming, taking action and communicating, dan evaluating the problem berhasil menciptakan sinergi antara pemerintah, INDOMEDIA, dan masyarakat untuk menyukseskan program Kampung Digital. Program Kampung Digital ini efektif dalam mendorong inklusi digital, mendukung UMKM, dan menciptakan ekosistem digital yang berkelanjutan di wilayah tersebut. Selain itu, program ini berdampak langsung pada peningkatan pendapatan UMKM lokal yang kini memiliki akses lebih luas untuk memasarkan produk melalui platform digital, meningkatkan keterampilan digitalisasi, serta memperluas jangkauan pasar mereka.
Adab Murid Terhadap Guru dalam Pandangan KH. Hasyim Asy'ary
Authors: Fauseh Fauseh
Published: January 2025

In the global era like today, one of the problems we face the problem of moral decadence. This problem not only affects children or adolescents but also occurs in parents, especially teachers. The teacher is a figure who is widely exemplified by all his actions not only by his students but also by many people. There is one opinion that says that students can forget the words (explanations) of the teacher, but they will never forget their attitudes and deeds. Therefore, teachers must display commendable attitudes that are worthy of exemplary. Courtesy can be terminologically identified that courtesy can be interpreted as good ethics, commendable behavior, educated soul and morals, discipline to be a civilized person, moral or morality, affection, ethics, character, values, and technically-practical characters can also be interpreted as manners and manners. In this case came a new idea to improve the morals of the teacher. Many experts formulate as understanding or thinking about the morals of students towards the teacher. Among them is thought of Hadrotus Shaykh KH. Hashim Ash'ary. His thoughts should be used as a reference for students to always be in the right corridor. According to KH. Hashim Asy'ary students must choose the right teacher who has been informed of his skills and intelligence, has a teacher's soul, authoritative and has high self-esteem and awake, in addition to also having a good teaching system and easy description to understand.
Fikih-Tasawuf dalam Pandangan Abdul Wahhab al-Sha'rani
Authors: Hadi Misbahul Hadi , Ainul Ainul Yaqin
Published: January 2025

The Sufism teaches about search for meaning and the deepening of religion as a form of perfection by emphasizing the profound (esoteric) aspect rather than the outer (exoteric) through the system of wirid,riya>d{ah, muja>hadah and in such a way structured under the guidance of Spiritual guide (Mursyid). Thus, with the value of Sufism, the implementation of worship will be more perfect. This research becomes interesting when looking at the value of Sufism used as a lens or epistemology in taking Sharia law. This study seeks to discuss how Abdul Wahhab al-Sha'ra>ni's views on sufism and also taking of the law in an endeavor by considering the value of Sufism. The results of the study revealed that Abdul Wahhab al-Sha'ra>ni's views on sufism were synergistic. In his opinion, the aspects are interconnected and inseparable. It is proven in his work that he reveals various jurisprudence laws obtained using elements of Sufism with a kasyaf approach. However, the kasyaf t can be used has a special limitation, which must be based on sharia’s view. So that the results obtained are not contradictory. Meanwhile, Imam al-Sha'ra>ni's compromising form asserts that the ability to choose two aspects of the law, whether takhfi>f or tasydi>d, only applies when experiencing urgent circumstances. Because basically, the two aspects of takhfi>f or tasydi>d are tarti>b al-wujubi not takhyi>r. This kind of law-taking in the framework of prudence and to achieve the value of perfection in performing worship.
Menyoal Landasan Hukum Konsep Kafaah
Authors: Ach. Mahbub Mahbub , Muh. Fathoni Hasyim Fathoni
Published: January 2025

One of the diversity of the interpretation results of a Qur’anic verses is the concept of kafaah in marriage. The verses about the concept of kafaah that are used as the basis of the law by most classical Jurisprudence groups are appertain explicit. Therefore, the concept of kafaah has become one of the problems debate among Jurisprudence since long time ago until now. Of course, this concept of kafaah will be very interesting if it is understood through the approach of qur'an and Tafsir science. This article seeks to re-read the meaning of the verses that are used as arguments for the concept of kafaah in marriage through the approach of Wahbah al-Zuhayli>ythought.The writing of this article is a qualitative research, namely research that makes library materials the main source (data). In data collection techniques, this article uses the thematic model technique “mawd}u>‘i” with a focus on the verses on which the concept of kafaah is based.In this article, revealed that there are verses that alleged to be the basis for the concept of classical Jurisprudence. That seven verses are not all properly said to be the basis of the kafaah law. According to the author, there are three verses that properly used as the basis of kafaah, even from the aspect of al-di>nin the sense of al-diyanah, which means al-taqwa or al-s}alah can also be called praiseworthy morals (spiritual morals): First, surah al-Nu>r [24]: 3. Second, surah al-al-Nu>r [24]: 26. and Third, one verse as a support or reinforcement of the legal basis of kafaah from the aspect of al-di>nnamely surah al-Sajadah [32]: 18.
Munasabah dalam Tren Studi Qur’an Kontemporer
Authors: Dicky Adi Setiawan Dicky , M. Sultan Latif Rahmatulloh Sultan
Published: January 2025

This article intends to take a deeper look at how the pattern of mun?sabah offered by Salwa, this is certainly to see how new ideas are carried out and what is a significant difference between the idea of textual relation carried by Salwa and the theory of mun?sabah initiated by his predecessors such as al-Zarkasy, as-Suy?ti and al-Qa???n who are considered the most authoritative figures in the field of 'ul?mu al-Qur?n. Based on research conducted by the authors concluded that the theory used by Salwa is to use a historical-linguistic approach. So it is not only the pattern textually that Salwa tries to analyze the interrelationship but Salwa also sees how the historical context of the decline revelation and in the analysis as a mixture of themes and events that are interconnected between text and context. That is, Salwa basically tried to see how the pattern of mun?sabah in surah al-Ahz?b in answering political, cultural and social context problems in the early higiers in the Arabian Peninsula.
Klinik Nükleer Tıp
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Nükleer Tıp Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Demir Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Sintigrafi tekniklerinin işlendiği bu bölümde; tiroit sintigrafisi, paratiroit sintigrafisi, tiroit uptake testi, kalp sintigrafileri, iskelet sistemi sintigrafileri, akciğer sintigrafileri, dinamik ve statik
böbrek sintigrafileri, gastro intestinal sistem sintigrafileri, hepatobiliyer sistem sintigrafileri,
beyin sintigrafileri enfeksiyon ve tümör görüntüleme sintigrafileri, PET/BT sintigrafileri ile tedavi sonrası tüm vücut sintigrafileri işlendi.
Hücreyi İnceleme Yöntemleri
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Cengiz Müjgan
Published: January 2025

Deneysel bir bilim olan hücre biyolojisi araştırmalarında, hücrenin yapısal ve işlevsel özelliklerini incelemek için çeşitli laboratuvar yöntemlerine başvurulmaktadır. Hücreler ile in vivo ve
in vitro olarak çalışılabilmektedir. Çalışılacak hücre materyalinin miktarı önemlidir. Bunun için
hücre kültürü yöntemi kullanılarak hücreler in vitro çalışılabilir. Hücre kültürü yöntemi, hücre gelişiminin ve farklılaşmanın, gen yapısı ve fonksiyonlarının araştırılmasına olanak sağlar.
Ökaryotik hücreler, çok çeşitli hücre içi yapılara sahiptir. Tüm bu yapıların fonksiyonlarının araştırılabilmesi için hücre içi bileşenlerin birbirinden ayrılması gerekmektedir. Hücreyi alt bileşenlerinden ayırmak için santrifügasyon yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Hücreler gözle görülemeyecek kadar küçük olduklarından, hücre morfolojilerinin ve hücre içi yapıların ve organellerin
incelenmesinde mikroskopi yönteminden yararlanılır. Farklı hücrelerde farklı özelliklerin araştırılmasında çeşitli mikroskopi yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzdeki hücrelerin ortak bir
atadan gelmiş olmaları sayesinde, daha küçük ve basit canlılar, hücre ve moleküler biyoloji
araştırmalarına katkı sağlamaktadır. Tüm hücrelerin temel özelliklerinin evrim süresince korunmuş olması sayesinde, basit bir organizmada bir hücre tipi ile yapılan çalışmalar, daha gelişmiş organizmalara da uygulanabilir. Bir organizmanın deneysel model olarak belirlenmesi
onun tür özelliklerine, kolay araştırılabilir olmasına ve insan gibi gelişmiş bir organizma ile benzerliğine bağlıdır. Model organizmalar, genom dizilerinin belirlenmiş olması sayesinde hücrenin
moleküler biyolojisinin araştırmalarına ışık tutmaktadır
Hücre Adezyon Molekülleri
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversite-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Baykara Onur
Published: January 2025

Hücreler kendi başlarına çalışan birer fabrikadır. Bu fabrikaların içinde proteinler, yağlar, karbonhidratlar, hücre iskelet elemanları, özelleşmiş organeller bulunur ve hepsi birbiri ile ilişki
içindedir. Ancak tüm bu emeğin işe yarar gelebilmesi için hücrelerin diğer hücreler ile ilişki
kurması, hücre tabakalarını, dokuları, organları ve sistemleri oluşturmaları gerekir. Bu amaçla
hücreler birbirleri ile ve dış dünyaları ile bağlantılar yapmak, tutunmak ve haberleşmek zorundadır. Hücreler bu bağlantıları hücre adezyon molekülleri adı verilen özelleşmiş proteinler
ve hücre iskelet elemanları arasında kurarak yapar. Bu bölümde kaderin, integrin, selektin ve
immünoglobulin adlı hücre adezyon molekülleri ve görevleri anlatılacaktır.
Hücrelerarası Matriks
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Bayoğlu Burcu
Published: January 2025

Tüm dokular, hücreler ve hücrelerarası matriks denilen iki bileşenden oluşmaktadır. Hücrelerarası matriks, çeşitli tipte salgılanan protein ve polisakkaritlerden oluşan ve onları salgılayan hücrelerin de içinde bulunduğu bir ortamdır. Matriksin, yapısal rolünün yanı sıra ortamın
hidrasyonu, pH’ının düzenlenmesi, sinyal iletimi, hücre büyüme ve çoğalması gibi görevleri bulunmaktadır. Hücrelerarası matriksin bileşimi ve miktarı dokunun işlevine göre farklılık
göstermektedir. Matriksin ana bileşenleri üç sınıf makromolekülden oluşmaktadır. Glikozaminoglikanlar (GAG); yüksek oranda yüklü polisakkarit zincirleri ve proteoglikanları içermektedir. Fibröz proteinler; Kollajen ve elastin gibi yapısal proteinleri içermektedir. Glikoproteinler;
fibronektin ve laminin gibi adezyon moleküllerini içermektedir. GAGlar, tekrarlayan disakkarit
birimlerinden oluşan uzun, dallanmamış polisakkarit zincirleridir. Dört ana GAG grubu, içerdikleri şekerler, şekerler arasındaki bağlantı tipi ve sülfat gruplarının sayısı ve konumu ile ayırt
edilmektedir. GAGlar hidratlı jeller oluşturarak matrikse mekanik destek sağlar. Hyaluronan
hariç, tüm GAGlar, proteinlere kovalent olarak bağlanarak proteoglikanları oluştururlar. Proteoglikanların, hücreler arasında kimyasal haberleşmede önemli rolleri bulunmaktadır. Çeşitli
sinyal moleküllerine bağlanarak sinyal aktivitesini düzenlerler. Hayvan dokularında en bol bulunan protein olan kollajen, hücrelerarası matriksin esas yapısal proteinidir. Kollajenler, tüm
bağ dokularının temel yapısal elemanlarıdır. Proteoglikanlar, kollajenler ve elastik liflere ek
olarak, glikoprotein çeşitlerini içermektedir. Bu proteinler hem matriksin düzenlenmesine hem
de hücrelerin matrikse adezyonuna yardımcı olur. Ayrıca, doku gelişimindeki hücre göçüne
rehberlik eder. Hücrelerarası matriks bileşenleri, lokal olarak hücreler tarafından salgılanan
hücrelerarası proteazlar tarafından parçalanırlar. Matriksi parçalayan proteazlar matriks metalloproteinazlar ve serin proteazlardır. Bazal lamina hücrelerarası matriksin özelleşmiş bir
formu olup üzerine epitel hücre tabakaları yerleşmiştir. Bazal lamina epitel hücre katmanlarına
mekanik destek sağlar, kas hücrelerini, yağ hücrelerini ve periferik sinirleri çevreler
Kromatin ve Nukleolus
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Tarkan Argüden Yelda
Published: January 2025

İnterfazda hücre çekirdeğinin içini dolduran ipliksi yapıya kromatin adı verilir. Kromatin DNA
ipliği ile histon ve non-histon proteinlerden meydana gelir. Kromatinin ana proteinleri olan histon proteinleri H1, H2A, H2B, H3 ve H4 olmak üzere beş çeşittir. H2A, H2B, H3 ve H4 histon
proteinlerinden ikişer adet içeren bir çekirdeğin etrafını 146 baz çifti (bç) uzunluğunda DNA
ipliğinin sarmasıyla “nukleozom” denen yapı meydana gelir. H1 histon proteini ise nukleozoma
dışarıdan bağlanarak yapıyı sabitler. H1 proteininin de katılmasıyla oluşan yapıya kromatozom
adı verilir. İki nukleozom arasında yaklaşık 20-60 bç uzunluğunda, bağlayıcı DNA bulunur. Histon
proteinleri çeşitli epigenetik düzenlemelere maruz kalarak gen ekspresyonun düzenlenmesine
katkıda bulunurlar. İnterfazda hücre çekirdeğinde ökromatin ve heterokromatin adı verilen iki
tip kromatin bulunur. Ökromatin daha az yoğun ve transkripsiyon açısından aktif olan kromatin
tipiyken, heterokromatin daha yoğun ve transkripsiyon yapmayan kısımlardır. Hücre bölünmeye
girdiğinde kromatin non-histon proteinlerle etkileşerek kısalıp kalınlaşmaya başlar ve metafazda en kısa ve kalın hale ulaşarak kromozom halinde görünürler. Nukleolus ise interfaz hücre
çekirdeği içinde yoğun bir yapı şeklinde görünen, rRNA sentezinin yapıldığı ve ribozom biyogenezinin bir kısmının gerçekleştiği büyük bir membransız organeldir.
Hücre Sinyal İletimi
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Kaya Dağıstanlı Fatma
Published: January 2025

Sinyal iletimi hem çok hücreli hem de tek hücreli organizmalarda önemli işlevlerin düzenlenmesinde kilit rol oynar. Çok hücreli organizmalarda hücreler arasındaki iletişim esastır. Çünkü
bu durum hücrelerin bireysel aktivitelerini koordine etmesini mümkün kılar. Hücreler arası
sinyalleşme çoğunlukla ekstraselüler sinyal molekülleri ile olur. Bu sinyal moleküllerinin etkileyecekleri hedef hücrenin uzaklığına göre hücre sinyal iletim şekilleri altı kategoriye ayrılır:
Parakrin, otokrin, endokrin, sinaptik, jukstraktin ve gap junctionlar. Aminoasitler, nukleotidler,
küçük peptidler, proteinler, steroidler, retinoidler, yağ asidi türevleri ve NO ile CO gibi çözünebilen gazlar, sinyal molekülleri olarak iş görürüler. Bu hücre dışı haberciler, çoğunlukla yanıt
veren hücrenin yüzeyinde, sitoplazmasında ya da nukleusunda bulunan reseptörler tarafından
algılanır. Örneğin; sinyal molekülü (ligand) gelir, hücre zarında yer alan reseptörler tarafından
alınır. Bu durum sitoplazma içerisinde yer alan bir veya birkaç sinyal molekülünü uyarır, böylece
uyarıyı hedef bölgeye ulaştırır ve bir hücresel cevap oluşturulur. Buna sinyal yolağı adı verilir.
Sinyal molekülleri 3 tip efektör proteini uyarır: Metabolik enzimler, gen düzenleyici proteinler,
sitoiskelet proteinleri. Bu şekilde hücre metabolizması, gen ekspresyonu ve hücre şekli veya
hareketi değişir
Kanser Biyolojisi
Authors:   Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Tunçdemir Matem
Published: January 2025

Kanser, hücrelerin kontrolsüz bir şekilde bölünerek çevre dokulara yayılmasıyla ortaya çıkan
bir hastalıktır. Kanser, DNA’daki değişikliklerden kaynaklanır. Kansere neden olan DNA değişikliklerinin çoğu, DNA’nın gen adı verilen bölümlerinde meydana gelir. Bu değişikliklere genetik
değişiklikler de denir. Kanser hücrelerinde meydana gelen birçok işlem normal hücrelerde de
görülür. Kanser hücreleri ile normal hücreler arasındaki fark, bu süreçlerin nasıl kontrol edildiğidir. Kanser oluşumuna neden olan mekanizmalar ise anormal hücre bölünmesi, azalmış hücre ölümü ve kan damarı büyümesinin yanlış düzenlenmesidir. Kanser hücrelerinin özellikleri,
belirli proteinlerdeki anormalliklerden kaynaklanır. Bu anormallikler, belirli bir proteinin aşırı
miktarda artışı veya eksikliği olabilir. Bazı kanserlerde, bir proteinin aktivite adı verilen çalışma
şekli değiştirilebilir. Bu genellikle, proteini üretmek için talimatlar veren gende mutasyon adı
verilen değişikliklerden kaynaklanır
Lizozom
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Güven Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Lizozomlar, tüm çekirdekli ökaryotik hücrelerde bulunan ve proteinleri, nükleik asitleri, polisakkaritleri ve diğer biyolojik materyalleri parçalamada önemli rol oynayan organellerdir. 4,5
ila 6,0 arasında değişen pH’a sahip lizozomların içindeki asidik ortam, çok çeşitli makromolekülleri parçalayan 60’tan fazla farklı asidik hidrolaz için ideal bir ortam sağlar. Lizozomal işlev
bozukluğu, birçok insan hastalığında önemli bir faktördür. Lizozomal işlevi önemli ölçüde bozan
lizozomal enzimler ile ilişkili kalıtsal mutasyonlar, çeşitli kalıtsal lizozomal depo hastalıklarına
yol açar.
Peroksizom
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Dağıstanlı Fatma Kaya
Published: January 2025

Peroksizomlar, küçük, zarla çevrili organellerdir. Tek ve çok hücreli mikroorganizmalardan bitki
ve hayvanlara kadar tüm ökaryotlarda bulunur. Peroksizomların mitokondri, nukleus ve kloroplastların aksine DNA’sı yoktur. Tüm proteinleri nükleer genler tarafından kodlanır. Peroksizomlar, yağ asitlerinin -oksidasyonu ve miyelin kılıfta bulunan lipidlerin sentezi gibi hücresel
lipid metabolizmasına katkı sağlar. Ayrıca belirli biyomoleküllerin oksidasyonunda önemli rol
oynarlar
Pengaruh Media Problem Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pengukuran Luas dan Volume Menggunakan Media PPT
Authors: Yulianti Hiqmatul Ika , Sumaji Sumaji , Ardianti Sekar Dwi
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meneliti efektivitas penerapan model Problem Based Learning dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV pada materi pengukuran luas dan volume dengan menggunakan media PPT. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Negeri Bogotanjung 02 dengan jumlah sampel 15 siswa. Dari keseluruhan 15 siswa 37,5% diantaranya sudah mencapai nilai Kriteria Ketercapaian Tujuan Pembelajaran (KKTP) dan sisanya 62,5% belum mencapai KKTP dengan nilai KKTP 70. Penerapan model pembelajaran yang masih terbatas dalam setiap materi yang disampaikan membuat siswa kesulitan dalam memahami materi. Model Problem Based Learning atau yang biasa disebut dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat dikaitkan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari akan membuat siswa lebih mudah dalam memahami materi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Pre-Experimental Design dengan jenis One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah tes berupa pretest-posttest. Hasil analisis menggunakan uji Paired Sample t-Test diperoleh nilai signifikasi 0,000 dimana (0,000<0,05) artinya hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan model Problem Based Learning menggunakan media PPT lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum diteapkan model tersebut. Peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar dilihat dengan rata-rata pretest 61,8 dan rata-rata posttest 76,8 dengan rata-rata nilai N-Gain 0,39 dalam kategori sedang. Model Problem Based Learning menggunakan media PPT efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Sehingga dapat menjadi solusi bagi guru untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang efektif dengan hasil belajar yang baik.
Analisis Kemampuan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Vektor Bidang
Authors: Sari Dwi Novita , Shaputra Ramadan , Febrian Feri Dwi , Nasution Cindy Fadilah
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sejauh mana siswa memahami konsep pada vektor. Kami menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan 32 siswa kelas XII MIA 3 SMA Negeri 13 Medan, yang mana terdiri dari 18 siswa perempuan, 14 siswa laki-laki. Subjek penelitian di berikan dua jenis soal yang konseptual dan procedural. Dari subjek soal yang diberikan oleh peneliti akan mendapatkan hasil dari penelitian ini.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa siswa yang memiliki pengetahuan rendah sebesar 25% dimn siswa tersebut masih bingun dalam mengerjakan soal yang diberikan. Siswa yang memiliki pengetahuan sedang sebesar 50%, dimana siswa tersebut dapat memahami soal nomor 1 tapi tidak memhami soal nomor 2. Siswa yang memiliki pengetahuan tinggi 25%dimana siswa tersebut sangat baik dalam mengerjakan soal nomor 1 dan 2 serta dapat memahami konsep-konsep dalam menjawab soal tersebut.
Integrating asset and liability management with Islamic Finance: A strategic framework for global financial institutions
Authors: Olayinka Abiola-Adams  , Chima Azubuike  , Aumbur Kwaghter Sule  , Richard Okon
Published: January 2025

The integration of Asset and Liability Management (ALM) with Islamic finance presents a strategic opportunity for global financial institutions to optimize their financial stability, capital efficiency, and risk management, while adhering to Shariah principles. This review explores how leveraging Islamic financial instruments, such as Sukuk, Mudarabah, and Murabaha, can enhance traditional ALM frameworks by focusing on ethical investing, risk-sharing, and asset-backed financing. In contrast to conventional ALM, which relies heavily on interest-bearing instruments, Islamic finance mandates compliance with principles that prohibit riba (interest) and excessive uncertainty (gharar), posing unique challenges and opportunities for treasury operations. This is a strategic framework for integrating ALM with Islamic finance, emphasizing liquidity management, capital structure optimization, and risk mitigation. It highlights the role of Islamic capital markets, such as Sukuk issuance, in providing alternative funding sources and promoting sustainable growth. Additionally, the review examines how financial institutions can leverage fintech and digital innovations to streamline Shariah-compliant ALM practices, ensuring efficient liquidity management and compliance with evolving regulatory requirements.  Ultimately, this review concludes that integrating ALM with Islamic finance not only supports the growth of Islamic banking but also offers conventional financial institutions a pathway toward ethical and sustainable financial management. By adopting this integrated approach, institutions can achieve long-term stability, optimize returns, and align with the growing demand for socially responsible investing in global markets.
Keywords: Integrating Asset, Liability Management Strategic Framework, Global Financial Institutions.
EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION: IN TERMS OF ANALYSIS OF JOB DESCRIPTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA MALANG
Authors: Suyitno  , Sudarjo
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of job description and organizational culture both partially and simultaneously on employee job satisfaction at the Dinas Pendidikan Kota Malang. This study used a quantitative approach using the explanatory survey method with a sample of 76 respondents who were employees of the Dinas Pendidikan Kota Malang. Data processing was carried out using the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 24. The study found that (1) The job description variable has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction with an influence value of 68%. (2) The organizational culture variable has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction with an influence value of 44.2%. Simultaneously, the job description and organizational culture variables have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction at the Dinas Pendidikan Kota Malang.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN HUTANG, LIKUIDITAS, DAN STRUKTUR AKTIVA TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN BARANG KONSUMEN BUKAN PRIMER SUB SEKTOR PARIWISATA DAN REKREASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE TAHUN 2020 – 2023
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Rizkha Asih , Setyawati Amelia , Sholichah Fatmawati
Published: January 2025

Sektor industri pariwisata adalah sektor yang memiliki peluang besar untuk meningkatkan pendapatan negara. Pada tahun 2019 – 2021, sektor pariwisata dan rekreasi Indonesia mengalami penurunan investasi dikarenakan akibat dari adanya pandemi Covid-19. Terlepas dari adanya pandemi Covid-19, sektor pariwisata dan rekreasi terus mengalami perkembangan karena dengan multiplier effect-nya, sektor pariwisata dan rekreasi mampu mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris tentang pengaruh Kebijakan Hutang, Likuiditas, dan Struktur Aktiva Terhadap Harga Saham. Variabel bebas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kebijakan Hutang, Likuiditas, dan Struktur Aktiva. Variabel terikat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Harga Saham. Dalam penelitian ini pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dan menggunakan data sekunder. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Perusahaan Barang Konsumen Bukan Primer Sub Sektor Pariwisata dan Rekreasi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode Tahun 2020 – 2023 Sedangkan sampel yang digunakan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria tertentu yang sudah ditetapkan oleh peneliti sehingga diperoleh sampel akhir sebanyak 10 perusahaan pariwisata dan rekreasi. Maka didapat 40 data sampel penelitian yang hasilnya diolah dengan bantuan SPSS 25.0. Hasil penelitian memperoleh bahwa secara parsial pengujian variabel bebas Kebijakan Hutang berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap Harga Saham, Likuiditas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham, dan Struktur Aktiva berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham. Secara simultan Kebijakan Hutang, Likuiditas, dan Struktur Aktiva berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham. Hasil pengujian secara parsial di antara tiga variabel bebas yang terdiri Kebijakan Hutang, Likuiditas, dan Struktur Aktiva ternyata yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap Harga Saham adalah Struktur Aktiva
PENGARUH PROMOSI DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DI PERUSAHAAN PIA DUA PUTRI
Authors: Kinanti Geta Wahyu , Sukripsiyanto
Published: January 2025

Industri pengelolahan pangan merupakan salah satu sektor penting dalam meningkatkan perekonomian nasional. Dengan segala bentuk usaha pengelohan pada industri ini, sektor usaha kecil dan menengah menjadi salah satunya. Pelaku usaha berlomba-lomba berinovasi untuk tetap bertahan di era persaingan global. Untuk dapat bertahan strategi mengenal tujuan usaha sangat dibutuhkan dan diperkuat dengan adanya sadar teknologi dengan mempertimbangkan kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa dari Promosi dan Kualitas Produk terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada Perusahaan Pia Dua Putri. Selain itu, faktor-faktor pendukung lainnya juga berpengaruh terhadap keberlangsungan usaha.
Populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh pelanggan Pia Dua Putri yang terdaftar pada kontak bisnis dengan ketentuan order pada tahun 2018-2023. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini data pelanggan tetap melakukan transaksi sebanyak 5 kali order. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi dan penyebaran kuesioner. Dengan variabel Promosi (X1), Kualitas Produk (X2), dan Kepuasan Pelanggan (Y). Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dengan Uji parsial maka Promosi (X1) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Pelangan, sedangkan Kualitas Produk (X2) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan (Y). Hasil simultan Promosi dan Kualitas Produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan. Hasil berpengaruh dominan yaitu Kualitas Produk (X2) terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan (Y). Serta, hasil regresi linear berganda menunjukkan besaran pengaruh yang signifikan dalam penelitian ini
ANALISIS TINJAUAN ATAU GAMBARAN EKONOMI MAKRO TERHADAP EKONOMI REGIONAL DAN NASIONAL
Authors: Dr. H. Moh. Nasikh, SE., M.Si
Published: January 2025

The economic structure, when viewed from the perspective of expenditure, will always be closely linked to Household and Corporate Consumption (C), Government Expenditure (G), Investment (I), and Exports-Imports (X – M). Consumption is divided into Household and Corporate/Industrial Consumption (C), which also includes consumption expenditures by non-profit institutions, as well as Government Consumption (Government Expenditure = G). These types of consumption are the most determining factors or play the most significant role in the economic conditions of a region (regional) and a country (national), typically accounting for about 70 percent of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) or Gross National Product (GNP) annually.
Productive Investment (I) made by a region or country within the context of GRDP or GNP serves as a foundation for future steady income and acts as a multiplier effect factor, significantly influencing the increase in regional or national income. Productive investments are expected to contribute around 15 percent of GRDP. Similarly, Exports (X) should far exceed Imports (M) because when X significantly surpasses M, it can generate substantial foreign exchange or a surplus in the Balance of Payments (BoP). Conversely, if a region or country imports more than it exports, it will experience trade deficits, financial losses, a Passive Trade Balance, or a Negative Net Import Balance. Such a situation will greatly impact the regional or national economy, including an increase in debt, stagnation in the domestic economy and industries, and the bankruptcy of many businesses and industries.
If productive investments are relatively high (around 40 percent of GRDP), this will positively boost the domestic industry, including large, medium, and small-scale manufacturing industries. Imports, which typically play a role of around 27 percent, also contribute significantly. A large population in a region or country serves as a very potential market share.
Comparing space-based to reported carbon monoxide emission estimates for Europe's iron and steel plants
Authors: Leguijt Gijs , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Denier van der Gon Hugo A. C. , Segers Arjo J. , Borsdorff Tobias , van der Velde Ivar R. , Aben Ilse
Published: January 2025

Abstract. We use satellite observations of carbon monoxide (CO) to estimate CO emissions from European integrated iron and steel plants, the continent's highest-emitting CO point sources. We perform analytical inversions to estimate emissions from 21 individual plants using observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) for 2019. As prior emissions, we use values reported by the facilities to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR). These reported emissions vary in estimation methodology, including both measurements and calculations. With the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we perform an ensemble of simulations with different transport settings to best replicate the observed emission plumes for each day and site. Comparing the inversion-based emission estimates to the E-PRTR reports, nine of the plants agree within uncertainties. For the remaining plants, we generally find lower emission rates than reported. Our posterior emission estimates are well constrained by the satellite observations (90 % of the plants have averaging kernel sensitivities above 0.7) except for a few low-emitting or coastal sites. We find agreement between our inversion results and emissions we estimate using the cross-sectional flux (CSF) method for the seven most strongly emitting plants, building further confidence in the inversion estimates. Finally, for four plants with large year-to-year variability in reported emission rates or large differences between the reported emission rate and our posterior estimate, we extend our analysis to 2020. We find no evidence in either the observed carbon monoxide concentrations or our inversion results for strong changes in emission rates. This demonstrates how satellites can be used to identify potential uncertainties in reported emissions.
Surface and tropospheric ozone over East Asia and Southeast Asia from observations: distributions, trends, and variability
Authors: Li Ke , Tan Rong , Qiao Wenhao , Lee Taegyung , Wang Yufen , Zhang Danyuting , Tang Minglong , Zhao Wenqing , Gu Yixuan , Fan Shaojia , Zhang Jinqiang , Lyu Xiaopu , Xue Likun , Xu Jianming , Ma Zhiqiang , Latif Mohd Talib , Amnuaylojaroen Teerachai , Gil Junsu , Lee Mee-Hye , Bak Juseon , Kim Joowan , Liao Hong , Kanaya Yugo , Lu Xiao , Nagashima Tatsuya , Koo Ja-Ho
Published: January 2025

Abstract. High level of ozone throughout the troposphere is an emerging concern over East Asia and Southeast Asia. Here we analyzed available surface ozone measurements in the past two decades (2005–2021) over eight countries, and ten ozonesonde and aircraft measurements within this region. At surface, seasonal mean ozone over 2017–2021 varies from 30 ppb in Southeast Asia to 75 ppb in summer in North China. The metric of seasonal 95th percentile ozone can identify the multiple hotspots of ozone pollution of over 85 ppb in Southeast Asia. The new WHO peak season ozone standard indicates that both East Asia and Southeast Asia face a widespread risk of long-term exposure. The surface ozone increase in South Korea and Southeast Asia from 2005 was leveling off or even decreased in the past decade, while ozone increase in 2000s over China has amplified after 2013. Surface ozone trends in Japan and Mongolia were flat in the past decade. In the troposphere, the available measurements show an overall increasing tendency at different altitudes from a three-decade perspective and its trend in the past decade remains unclear due to data availability. The difference in tropospheric ozone level between East Asia and Southeast Asia is likely due to the high background ozone from stratospheric intrusion over Northeast Asia. In terms of ozone controls, our results suggest that anthropogenic emissions determine the occurrence of high ozone levels but the underappreciated strong ozone climate penalty, particularly over Southeast Asia, will make ozone controls harder under a warmer climate.
Aerosol dynamic processes in the Hunga plume in January 2022: Does water vapor accelerate aerosol aging?
Authors: Bruckert Julia , Chopra Simran , Siddans Richard , Wedler Charlotte , Hoshyaripour Gholam Ali
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The 2022 Hunga eruption injected an unprecedented amount of 150 Tg of water vapor into the stratosphere, accelerating SO2 oxidation and sulfate aerosol formation. Despite releasing less ash than previous eruptions of similar magnitude, the role of ash in the early plume and its rapid removal remains unclear. We performed experiments with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model with Aerosols and Reactive Tracers (ICON-ART) to better understand the role of water vapor, SO2 and ash emission, aerosol-radiation interaction, and aerosol dynamical processes (nucleation, condensation, coagulation) in the Hunga plume in the first week after the eruption. Furthermore, we compared our results to satellite observations to validate SO2 oxidation and aerosol dynamical processes. Our results show that about 1.2 Tg SO2 emission as well as water vapor emission is necessary to explain both the SO2 column loadings and sulfate aerosol optical depth during the first week after the eruption. Although the model reproduces well the development of SO2 and sulfate aerosols, the aerosol dynamics alone cannot explain the ash removal after the eruption, as was seen in satellite images. However, some of the ash might not be detected because of the exceptionally strong coating of the ash particles. Both, the strong coating and a doubling of the sulfate effective radii within one week, occur only when the water vapor emission is considered in the chemistry. Furthermore, aerosol-radiation interaction warms the plume and reduces or, depending on the experiments, even reverses the descent of the water vapor plume due to radiative cooling.
An improved Bayesian inversion to estimate daily NOx emissions of Paris from TROPOMI NO2 observations between 2018–2023
Authors: Mols Alba , Boersma Klaas Folkert , Denier van der Gon Hugo , Krol Maarten
Published: January 2025

Abstract. We present a comprehensive quantification of daily NOx emissions from Paris using an inverse analysis of tropospheric NO2 columns measured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) over a 5-year period (May 2018–August 2023). Our analysis leverages a superposition column model that captures the relationship between the increase in NO2 with distance over an urban source region to underlying NOx emissions, accounting for chemical transformations and wind in the urban boundary layer. To evaluate the robustness of the superposition column model, we tested it against high-resolution (300 m) Large Eddy Simulations (LES) using MicroHH with atmospheric chemistry, confirming that the model’s simplifying assumptions introduce uncertainties below 10 %. Building on this foundation, we develop a new Bayesian inversion method that incorporates prior knowledge on NOx emissions and lifetimes and accounts for model and prior uncertainties. Compared to a previous look-up table approach, which relied on least-squares minimization without prior constraints, the Bayesian method demonstrated superior performance. In controlled tests, it reproduced known NOx emissions within 5 %. Applying Bayesian inversion to TROPOMI data in Paris, we observed a significant reduction in NOx emissions from 44 mol s−1 in 2018 to 32 mol s−1 in 2023, representing a 18 % decrease. This decline exceeds the 12 % reduction predicted by the TNO-MACC-III bottom-up inventory, indicating limited accuracy of current inventories. Seasonal analysis revealed higher posterior emissions in winter, possibly highlighting the role of residential heating or vehicle cold starts, which may be underrepresented in bottom-up estimates. Our improved Bayesian framework delivers accurate NOx emission estimates that align well with independent data sets. This approach provides a valuable tool for monitoring urban NOx emissions and assessing the efficacy of air quality policies.