bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From transaction costs to transaction value: Overcoming the frictional paradigm
Authors: Frolov D. P.
Published: August 2020

The transaction cost economics has accumulated a mass of dogmatic concepts and assertions that have acquired high stability under the influence of path dependence. These include the dogma about transaction costs as frictions, the dogma about the unproductiveness of transactions as a generator of losses, “Stigler—Coase” theorem and the logic of transaction cost minimization, and also the dogma about the priority of institutions providing low-cost transactions. The listed dogmas underlie the prevailing tradition of transactional analysis the frictional paradigm — which, in turn, is the foundation of neo-institutional theory. Therefore, the community of new institutionalists implicitly blocks attempts of a serious revision of this dogmatics. The purpose of the article is to substantiate a post-institutional (alternative to the dominant neo-institutional discourse) value-oriented perspective for the development of transactional studies based on rethinking and combining forgotten theoretical alternatives. Those are Commons’s theory of transactions, Wallis—North’s theory of transaction sector, theory of transaction benefits (T. Sandler, N. Komesar, T. Eggertsson) and Zajac—Olsen’s theory of transaction value. The article provides arguments and examples in favor of broader explanatory possibilities of value-oriented transactional analysis.
Metástases Cutâneas e Neoplasia de Reto: Relato de Caso
Authors: Pretto Daiane , Formolo Fernanda , Marsilio Caroline
Published: August 2020

Introdução: As metástases cutâneas são as neoplasias que acometem a derme ou o tecido celular subcutâneo e podem ser um indicador de neoplasia desconhecida de mau prognóstico. Metástases cutâneas em adenocarcinoma de reto são consideradas raras. Relato do caso: Mulher de 80 anos de idade, hipertensa e diabética, apresentou dor abdominal e hematoquezia, relatando histórico familiar de câncer. Realizou colonoscopia com resultado de biópsia para adenocarcinoma. Um ano depois, recebeu terapia neoadjuvante e radioterapia concomitante por quatro meses, com boa resposta ao tratamento. Porém, relatou lesão mandibular de crescimento rápido, com o trato gastrointestinal como sítio primário de acordo com a biópsia. Em tomografias de reavaliação, foram diagnosticados também vários nódulos diminutos em tecido subcutâneo de abdome inferior, mama e pulmão. Foi realizada nova biópsia dos nódulos de mama e imuno-histoquímica, procedimentos que sugeriram o reto como sítio primário das lesões. Sendo assim, foi iniciada quimioterapia paliativa e a paciente apresentou resposta satisfatória das lesões cutâneas logo no segundo ciclo do tratamento antineoplásico. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Pompeia sob número de parecer 311.052. Conclusão: Este caso enfatiza que lesões na pele de crescimento progressivo ou sem resposta após terapia convencional podem ser a primeira manifestação de câncer visceral avançado e devem ser apropriadamente investigadas. Dessa forma, fica claro que, por meio de um diagnóstico precoce, é possível mudar o prognóstico da doença e o seu tratamento.
Prospective observational study of clinical profile in tertiary care center, Hyderabad
Authors: Nirmala Cherukuri , Paramesh Pandala , Kotha Rakesh , Konda Kalyan Chakravarthy , Singh Himabindu
Published: August 2020

Background: Population specific, systematic comprehensive strategies are needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the neonates at the national level. Neonatal age group usually contributes to a major disease burden. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the morbidity and mortality patterns in our neonatal tertiary care referral center. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study done over a period of 1 year, 1 month from January 2019 to January 2020. Results: Admissions in early 7 days were more at 86.4% to after 7 days at 13.6%. Males were 50.9% with almost equal to female population 49.1%; preterm and low birth weight (LBW) babies were 49.3% and 49.75%, respectively, and term babies more than 2.5 kg babies were 50.7% and 51.25%. The LBW babies were admitted about 28.07% and 26.98% inborn and outborn babies. In preterm babies, more babies admitted in 34 weeks–37 weeks gestational age, 16.50% and 15.56% in inborn and outborn babies, respectively. As per morbidity profile, in inborn babies, the common reasons for admission were respiratory distress 22.09% and neonatal jaundice contributing about 22.03%. The common causes of admission in outborn were sepsis which was 27.45% and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy which was contributing about 20%. Conclusion: In our study, we found that major portion of the babies were preterm and LBW babies. This shows changing trend toward preterm delivery. It is good in the sense of antenatal steroid coverage which was 80–90% but antenatal magnesium sulfate covered in 39% outborn babies only. Prematurity, infections, asphyxia, and neonatal jaundice were the leading cause of admissions into our neonatal unit.
Etiological evaluation of stridor in children
Authors: Supriya N , Murthy G R Rajashekara , Kumar P Prem , K S Sanjay
Published: August 2020

Background: Stridor is a harsh, vibratory sound produced when airway becomes partially obstructed, resulting in turbulent flow of air through large airways. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the most common causes of stridor, according to the age group for the better management and outcome. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital-based observational study where in children between the age group of 0 and 5 years with stridor were studied over 1-year period at a tertiary hospital of south India from January 2017 to 2018. A total of 71 cases were included in the study. Children were subjected to chest X-ray, computed tomography scan, blood tests, laryngoscopy, and bronchoscopy according to requirement and findings complied and analyzed statistically. Results: Majority of the stridor cases were in the age group of <1 year, male outnumbered females. The etiologies of stridor in present study were croup (47.9%), laryngomalacia (19.7%), laryngeal diphtheria (12.7%), subglottic stenosis (7.04%), laryngotracheomalacia (2.8%), glottic web (1.41%), left vocal cord paresis with subglottic stenosis with tracheomalacia (1.41%), subglottic stenosis with tracheomalacia (1.41%), foreign body (1.41%), tracheomalacia (1.41%), and laryngeal papillomatosis (1.41%). Conclusion: Every child with stridor should be approached in specified protocol and causes should be evaluated.
Bat species richness and activity in Dghoumes National Park (Southwest Tunisia): a preliminary survey
Authors: Dalhoumi R. , Aissa P. , Beyrem H. , Aulagnier S.
Published: August 2020

Bat fauna in eight of the main habitat types of Dghoumes National Park was inventoried using mist-netting, acoustic detection and roost search. Bats were active at night and recorded near water bodies and street lamps. We recorded the echolocation calls of six bat species: Eptesicus isabellinus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Vansonia rueppellii, Asellia tridens, Tadarida teniotis and Rhinopoma cystops. Two bat colonies containing 111 individuals of R. cystops were found roosting in Jebel Morra cave and 54 individuals of A. tridens were found roosting in the ceiling of the Ecomuseum. Due to potential disturbance by visitors to the museum, we suggest strengthening management practices to ensure the usage of this roosting site in order to promote the conservation of A. tridens.

Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/0u03uz)
Break the Limits: INGOs Limitation and Learning from Amnesty International
Authors: Anindita Vinesha
Published: August 2020

Civil society as the beginning of the notions of INGOs gives a holistic view to analyze the problem and the limit of International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) itself. Critics that arises regarding the limit of INGOs is the lack of independence of INGOs that is questionable about the possibility of the dependence of funds even from individual actor to government fund. It can reduce the roles and the functions of INGOs to act objectively.  Another critic for INGOs is a complex matter for international organizations in general about the lack of accountability. So many questions about how do INGOs can be more accountable or whom INGOs should be accountable. This paper argues that accountability should not just for the donors or the government but also stakeholder/grassroots. But, the limit of INGOs can be answered by Amnesty International which is a contradiction example of international organizations that is not affected by the limit of INGO.
Analisis Faktor Capaian Realisasi Penerimaan Retribusi Jasa Angkutan Sungai dan Penyeberangan pada Dinas Perhubungan Kota Palembang
Authors: Yanti Darma , Ghozali Rosalina
Published: August 2020

River and crossing service levies are transport activities using ships carried out in the river, and crossings to transport passengers, goods and or animals organized by river and crossing companies. The factor of not achieving the realization of the revenue of river transportation and crossing retribution services in the Palembang City Transportation Agency, setting unrealistic targets is constrained by a lack of legal basis so as to achieve the desired target cannot be achieved and limited authority for officers who withdraw fees due to regulatory regulations Number 35 of 2017 concerning escorts that are still in conflict with the Laws Regulations, Ministerial Regulations, Government Regulations, and Regional Regulations. The collection of retribution is also experiencing leakage or breakthrough due to the effectiveness of the imposition of sanctions and the lack of facilities and infrastructure in the field. The service is not yet prime due to limited human resources or field implementation officers. The levies collection officer is not unwilling to provide services and human resources, but also because of conflicting rules that prevent officers from carrying out a complete withdrawal. Officers move with the rules set by the City Government so that their authority is limited.
MEMBANGUN MODEL BUDAYA ORGANISASI BERBASIS BELA NEGARA MENUJU PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN-BADAN LAYANAN UMUM (PTN PK-BLU) UPN “VETERAN” YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nur Utomo Hastho Joko , Saepudin Asep , Arofah Kurnia
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian kelembagaan tentang membangun model budaya organisasi UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta yang berbasis Nilai-Nilai Dasar Bela Negara menuju Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Pengelolaan Keuangan Badan Layanan Umum (PTN PK-BLU). Penelitian ini termasuk kategori penelitian deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 195 responden dan focus grup discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa secara umum, berdasarkan karakteristik UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta sebagai perguruan tinggi negeri yang bercirikan Bela Negara perlu ada penguatan atau pembangunan budaya baru organisasi di UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta yang berbasis nilai-nilai dasar bela negara menuju PTN PK-BLU. Budaya organisasi yang perlu dibangun adalah Disiplin, Kejuangan, Kreativitas, Unggul, Cinta Tanah Air, Sadar berbangsa dan Bernegara, Yakin Pancasila sebagai Dasar Negara, Rela Berkorban demi Bangsa dan Negara, Memiliki Kemampuan Awal Bela Negara, Kejujuran dan Integritas, Pembelajar, serta Menjunjung Meritokrasi. Untuk membangun budaya tersebut, ada beberapa upaya yang harus dilakukan yaitu: keterlibatan stakeholders dalam penyusunan rumusan budaya organisasi, sosialisasi yang masif, adanya dukungan anggaran dalam penegakan budaya organisasi, perlu dilakukan monitoring secara berkelanjutan, serta perlu dibangun sistem informasi dan system reward and punishment yang mendukung terbangunnya iklim budaya organisasi yang baru.

Kata Kunci: budaya organisasi, nilai-nilai dasar bela negara
STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN DAN KETAHANAN NASIONAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF DAYA JUANG BANGSA
Authors: Lardo Soroy
Published: August 2020

Daya tahan bangsa bermakna konsep dan kekuatan memelihara ketahanan nasional mencakup eksistensi di tengah peradaban dan perubahan lingkungan strategis, menuju kondisi dinamis ketahanan nasional untuk memelihara keteraturan, stabilitas, dan potensi terjadinya perubahan (the stability idea of changes). Tantangan dan problematika ketahanan nasional merupakan varian dinamik yang memerlukan pemikiran komprehensif terhadap sistem, kebijakan dan strategi perilaku kebangsaan (behaviour science) yang didukung patriotisme dan energi keamanan kesehatan bangsa terhadap peran TNI untuk mengisi zona dan akumulasi pembangunan kesehatan yang menggambarkan performance keswadayaan dan ketahanan nasional. Daya juang kesehatan bangsa dalam perspektif kekuatan struktural dan partisipatif bertitik tolak kepada kemampuan menggerakkan leadership, metabolic health community dan agent of change yang memenuhi nilai keandalan High Reliability Organization (HRO). Keandalan yang terbentuk akan memicu spirit inovasi dan out the box merangkai suatu jejaring (networking) untuk perubahan, sehingga termanifestasikan sebagai performance keandalan profesional yang menjunjung tinggi potensi kesehatan bangsa dan ketahanan nasional. Sinergitas Sistem Kesehatan Nasional (SKN) dan Sistem Kesehatan Pertahanan (Siskeshan) merupakan jaring yang saling bertaut untuk mendukung upaya pemberdayaan nilai strategis kesehatan nasional. Strategi ini menguatkan jejaring ketahanan nasional (one health) terhadap kompleksitas ancaman global kesehatan yang mengancam ketahanan nasional. Tantangan global dengan adanya Public Health Emergency berupa wabah yang sedemikian cepat dengan problematika yang sulit diprediksi, memicu setiap negara memperkuat daya juang bangsa untuk mensinergikan pembangunan kesehatan berasaskan sistem ketahanan nasional.

Kata Kunci : daya tahan bangsa, leadership, agent of change, sinergitas skn-siskeshan, Unhan
TRILATERAL COOPERATION ARRANGEMANT SEBAGAI STRATEGI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA DALAM PENANGGULANGAN ANCAMAN ASIMETRIS DI KAWASAN ASIA TENGGARA
Authors: Ika Primayanti Luh Putu , Legionosuko Tri , Waluyo Surryanto Djoko
Published: August 2020

Perkembangan lingkungan strategis berdampak pada pesatnya perkembangan ancaman asimetris. Kawasan Asia Tenggara merupakan salah satu yang menghadapi ancaman ini. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara di Kawasan Asia Tenggara melakukan kerja sama Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement untuk menangkal ancaman asimetris khususnya di Laut Sulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk menganalisis strategi Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement sebagai strategi pertahanan Indonesia dalam penanggulangan ancaman asimetris di Kawasan Asia Tenggara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori ilmu pertahanan, konsep strategi, counter terrorism, asymmetric warfare,
kerja sama pertahanan, cooperative security, dan deterrence theory. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu pertama, ancaman asimetris yang terjadi di Asia Tenggara khususnya Laut Sulu terus berkembang dan secara khusus dibagi menjadi terorisme; kejahatan transnasional yaitu perompakan bersenjata dan penculikan untuk tebusan; serta migrasi ilegal. Kedua, dalam
pelaksanaannya, Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement (TCA) di Laut Sulu terdiri dari Patroli Laut Terkoordinasi (Coordinated Sea Patrol), Patroli Udara (Air Patrol), Pertukaran Informasi dan Intelijen (Information and Intelligent Sharing) dan Latihan Darat Bersama (Land Exercise). Keempat patroli tersebut merupakan kerja sama strategis yang merupakan suatu kesatuan sehingga tidak
dapat dipisahkan perbagian atau fungsinya. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, terdapat peluang dan tantangan yang perlu menjadi perhatian baik pengampu kebijakan atau pihak operasional. Ketiga, Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement merupakan strategi yang dapat menanggulangi ancaman asimetris yang terjadi di Kawasan Asia Tenggara khususnya di Laut Sulu sejak tahun 2016-2018,
namun di tahun 2019 ancaman asimetris di Laut Sulu mengalami peningkatan. Adapun strategi yang digunakan adalah menggunakan kerja sama pertahanan serta menggunakan soft power maupun hardpower yang memberikan efek deterrence kepada pelaku ancaman asimetris. Selain itu, memperkuat kerja sama Kementerian dan Lembaga sebagai pembuat kebijakan, serta TNI dan
pemerintah daerah sebagai pelaksana operasional serta aturan pendukung seperti aturan prosedur operasional.

Kata Kunci : ancaman asimetris, strategi, Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement (TCA)
BUILDING INDONESIA’S NATIONAL CYBER DEFENSE AND SECURITY TO FACE THE GLOBAL CYBER THREATS THROUGH INDONESIA SECURITY INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAM ON INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE (ID-SIRTII)
Authors: Arianto Adi Rio , Anggraini Gesti
Published: August 2020

The establishment of the “Indonesia Security Incident Response Team on Internet Infrastructure (ID-SIRTII)” is a tactical step by the Indonesian Ministry of Information and Communication to ensure the stability of national information regarding cyber protection and all forms of threats. This study explores the urgency of ID-SIRTII to prevent global cyber threats. The study found that cyber threats in Indonesia are very complex, seeing the variations of actors, motives, and targets (civil or military purpose). This complexity can be explained through the following four aspects, namely : (1) by understanding of Geometripolitic studies in cyber, there are at least two domains that can be reached, namely “the using of cyber for high-politics purposes (military)”by formulating and activating of Cyberpower to face the Global Cyber War(PSG), Wold Geometri War (PGA), and the forming of “Siber State or Siber Government”; and “the use of cyber for low-politics purposes (civil)”by the protection of civil activities in cyberspace; (2) in order to prevent the spread of national cyber crime, the implementation of the ID-SIRTII policy is integrated with the national cyber institutions; (3) in order to prevent the Global Cyber Threat, the implementation of ID-SIRTII policies needs to be strengthened and well-integrated with the regional and global cyber institutions; and (4) considering of the two “functionalism of cyber” also to form a structuralism of Indonesian National Defense and Security system in the cyber sector, nowdays Indonesia needs to build a CyberForce as a complement to the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

Keywords: defense, security,cyber, ID-SIRTII, cyber force
IMPLEMENTASI KOMUNIKASI SOSIAL KODIM 0204/DS DALAM MENCEGAH RADIKALISME DI KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Siregar Rakhmat Shaleh , Wahyudi Bambang , Simatupang Haposan
Published: August 2020

Penyebaran radikalisme pada saat ini sudah menyerang semua lapisan masyarakat terutama generasi muda yang apabila tidak segera dilakukan pencegahan maka akan memberikan ancaman terhadap kestabilan dan keamanan di Indonesia termasuk di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Kodim 0204/DS merupakan Satuan Teritorial yang salah satu tugas pokoknya untuk melaksanakan pembinaan teritorial. Pembinaan teritorial Kodim 0204/DS dilaksanakan dengan metode Komunikasi Sosial, Bhakti TNI dan Pembinaan Perlawanan Wilayah. Penelitian ini dirancang guna memperoleh pemahaman untuk mengimplementasikan kegiatan Komunikasi Sosial Kodim 0204/DS dalam mencegah radikalisme di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini : pertama, menganalisis Komunikasi Sosial Kodim 0204/DS di Kabupaten Deli Serdang; kedua, menganalisis implementasi Komunikasi Sosial yang dilaksanakan oleh Kodim 0204/DS dalam mencegah radikalisme di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, teknik dokumentasi dan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data lebih banyak dilakukan bersamaan dengan pengumpulan data saat peneliti berada di lapangan. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di wilayah Kodim 0204/DS khususnya Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Komunikasi Sosial secara teori dapat dilaksanakan sesuai program kerja bidang teritorial yang ada walaupun pelaksanaannya belum optimal dan perlu ditingkatkan pada aspek-aspek yang mendukung terjadinya proses komunikasi yaitu sumber, pesan, media, penerima, pengaruh, tanggapan balik dan lingkungan; 2) Implementasi Komunikasi Sosial didukung oleh sumber daya, cara dan tujuan yaitu untuk mencegah radikalisme di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Komunikasi Sosial Kodim 0204/DS dalam mencegah radikalisme dapat diimplementasikan namun perlu ditingkatkan lagi. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka langkah-langkah yang dianggap perlu untuk dilakukan adalah dengan memaksimalkan unsur-unsur yang mendukung terjadinya proses komunikasi.

Kata Kunci : Implementasi, komunikasi sosial, pencegahan, radikalisme
CAMPURAN UNSUR ADHETIVE PADA BAJA ALLOY SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR SISTEM KEKERASAN PELINDUNG KENDARAAN LAPIS BAJA
Authors: Aritonang Sovian , Bowo Andjar Hari , Juhana Riyadi
Published: August 2020

Besi merupakan bahan dasar yang banyak dipergunakan sebagai bahan logam di dunia yang mencakup hampir sebagian besar peruntukannya adalah memenuhi kebutuhan umat manusia. Hal ini bisa terlihat antara lain dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan mobil, kapal, mesin, serta komponen struktur bangunan dan lain-lainnya, akan tetapi apabila dilihat dari segi pembiayaan untuk pembuatannya tersebut sangatlah murah namun mempunyai kekuatan yang sangat kuat. Tapi besi jenis ini masih dianggap sangat lemah serta lunak apabila dipakai sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan baja, sehingga perlu adanya proses pencampuran dengan bahan-bahan unsur paduan yang ada yang akan mengubah semuanya, dari awalnya sebuah besi murni yang bersifat lunak maka akan menjadikanya semakin lebih kuat. Alloy atau panca logam ini merupakan unsur yang tergabung dalam bentuk senyawa cair atau pejal yang sama serta berasal dari dua atau lebih unsur, yang mana salah satu dari unsur tersebut merupakan bahan dasar yang berasal dari logam, dan alloy atau panca logam ini memiliki sifat julat lebur yang merupakan bahan campuran dari pepejal serta cair. Untuk membuat alloy biasanya dibuat berdasarkan fungsi dan kegunaannya yang disesuaikan dengan pemakaiannya alloy itu dibuat. Dalam penelitian ini tujuan alloy dibuat yaitu untuk digunakan untuk lapisan sistem kekerasan perlindungan kendaraan lapis baja. Material untuk alloy yang digunakan sebagai sistem perlindungan kendaraan lapis baja yaitu untuk kekerasan bisa menambahkan unsur karbon, yang terdapat dari batubara, dan boron akan meningkatkan nilai konduktivitas untuk meredam energi apabila terjadi bentuaran pada plat baja kendara lapis baja. Selain pencampuran unsur boron Besi baja paduan merupakan baja yang banyak mengandung unsur-unsur yang ada selain Besi (Fe) dan Carbon (C), campuran besi ini biasanya mengandung unsur-unsur yang lain seperti Nikel (Ni), Chrom (Cr), Mohliben (Mo), Titanium (Ti), Mangan (Mn) dan lain sebagainya. Sedangkan tujuan adanya penambahan pada unsur-unsur tersebut adalah untuk dapat meningkatkan kekauatan dan mengubah sifat dengan tujuan dapat menambah kekuatan pada kendaraan lapis baja.

Kata Kunci : baja alloy, kendaraan lapis baja
PENGARUH MODERNISASI ALAT UTAMA SISTEM PERTAHANAN BATALYON BEKANG TERHADAP KESIAPAN DUKUNGAN LOGISTIK TENTARA NASIONAL INDONESIA ANGKATAN DARAT
Authors: Wijayanto Boby , Ismurdianto Nanang Eko , Kusuma Andyka
Published: August 2020

Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan jalur strategis perdagangan dunia, dan hal ini menjadi faktor pendukung yang menguntungkan dalam berbagai sektor di Indonesia. Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang juga sangat luas memiliki implikasi pertahanan negara yang kompleks dan sangat terbuka sehingga mudah dimasuki oleh siapa saja dari berbagai arah. Luas wilayah NKRI terdiri atas 7,7 juta km2, terbentang dari Sabang hingga Merauke, dari P. Miangas sampai P. Rote terdiri atas 17.504 pulau dipersatukan oleh laut dan samudera yang luas. Permasalahan yang timbul sekarang ini adalah dimana alutsista TNI AD khususnya di Batalyon Bekang sudah tua dan kurang efektif dalam mendukung kegiatan logistik, namun secara teknis modernisasi alutsista TNI AD sebelumnya melalui pertimbangan komprehensif, yang utamanya didasarkan kepada efektivitas kegiatan yang dapat mendukung tugas pokok serta penggunaan alutsista dalam suatu kegiatan operasi yang efektif dan efisien. Selain itu dalam artian modernisasi peralatan dan persenjataan militer selain dapat mendukung kegiatan logistik juga harus mampu teruji dalam pertempuran (Combat Proven). Dalam pemenuhan alutsista secara modern sangat diharapkan dalam mendukung tugas pokok TNI AD khususnya dukungan untuk alutsista di Batalyon Bekang, pemenuhan kapal-kapal angkut logistik yang modern. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh modernisasi alutsista Batalyon Bekang terhadap kesiapan dukungan logistik TNI AD dengan sampel penelitian di satuan Batalyon Bekang TNI AD dengan analaisis data menggunakan metode SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) guna mendapatkan penilaian secara obyektif tentang pengaruh kesiapan dukungan satuan dari analisis data tersebut terhadap tugas pokok TNI AD. Dengan adanya modernisasi alutsista maka diharapkan kesiapan Batalyon dapat lebih maksimal dalam melaksanakan tugasnya di masa depan.

Kata Kunci : alutsista, modernisasi, logistik, SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)
LEGAL CONFLICTS: WAYS OF OVERCOMING
Authors: Ямалетдинова Наталья
Published: August 2020

The legal nature of legal conflicts is manifested first of all in conflict norms, dispersed in various branches of law, ensuring the structural base of the legal system. Therefore, conflict of law does not belong to a special law branch and it is a complex intersectoral legal institution. The article examines the main ways to overcome legal conflicts, the author examines the entire period of the legal conflicts’ development: preventive measures to prevent contradictions in law, forms of conflict detection in legal regulations and ways to resolve conflicts.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER OF CREDIT FRAUD
Authors: Тагиров Руслан
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the situation of committing credit fraud as one of the key elements of its criminalistic characteristics. The essence and the content of this concept are analyzed, the key elements of the situation are determined in the context of the analyzed fraud. At the same time the author makes a distinction between the factors that constitute the theft of bank funds, which is realized through consumer and corporate lending.
Social Influence And Savings Behavior: Evidence From A Developing Country Context
Authors: Mpaata Eva , Koskei Naomy , Saina Ernest
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This paper highlights the relevance of Savings Behavior and the impact of Social Influence on Savings Behavior in a developing country utilizing both life cycle and economic theories
Methodology: This paper presents findings from a thorough review of the literature. Relevant articles were reviewed on both savings behavior and social influence. The articles consisted of both contexts developed versus developing.
Findings: The findings suggest that from the developed country context, Social Influence positively affects Savings Behavior, which is not the case for the developing economies that show the negative impact of social influence on savings behavior. Therefore, financial education and literacy training are two of the means of encouraging individual self-control in these developing economies despite their vulnerability to social influence to encourage positive savings behavior.
Implications: Individuals are encouraged to save, especially during their productive ages, along with their lifespan. This can be done by obligatory deductions for those that are officially employed.
Originality/Value: This paper reveals a bibliography theoretical review on Social Influence and Savings Behavior within the developing country context. The paper presents the puzzle about the effect of Social Influence and Savings Behavior in the emerging economy. The majority of savings behavior research undertaken in the developed economies shows the positive effect of social influence on savings behavior, which is not the case in the developing economies.
Study the Performance of Cooled Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Panel Using New Cooling Technology
Authors: Mutasher Dheya Ghanim , Mohammed Mohammed Fowzi , Ubaid Zaid Salman
Published: August 2020

In this work, experimental and numerical analyses have been executed to investigate the effect of using cooling techniques on the performance of the photovoltaic thermal solar panel (PV/T). It is well known that a decrease in the panel temperature will lead to an increase in the electrical efficiency. The photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector is a combination of PV cells and a solar thermal collector in one unit, which can together generate electrical and thermal energy. In the theoretical study, the electrical characteristics of PV were analyzed by using (MATLAB PROGRAM). The panels were oriented south and tilted at 45o. All tests are carried out in Baghdad city at (May, June and July) in 2018; under clear sky conditions. The experimental study includes four cases (modules). Module I contains open cell aluminum metal located in water passages box of a 9-liter capacity in the back of PV panel. Module II contains only water pass. Module III comprises copper slices that are located in the water box. The first three cases are compared with the conventional PV panel under the same conditions. compares between the PV with open cell aluminum metal and the other PV with copper slices. The results manifested that the cooling of PV panel in the module III is better than the others, but economically, the use of module I is the best, therefor it is found a more acceptable technique for hot climate conditions
Performative In Local Architecture, Marshes As A Model
Authors: Talib Munaf Adnan , Abaas Zaynab Radi
Published: August 2020

Building performance represents the most important factors for the successfulness and evaluation ofbuildings efficiency in meeting the requirements, expectations, and acceptance of the inhabitants. As a result, itindicates the success or failure of the architectural design experiment in the building. The research deals with themost important aspects of the performance and factors affecting the efficiency of the building, highlighting theindicators of thermal comfort assessment and types of standards and the most important software used in. Thus theresearch focuses on the possibilities of performance simulation programs in raising the standard of living and try toreduce the gap between the technological developed world and the local experience, through the development of acomputer model which simulate the local environment. The aim is introducing the possibilities of simulationcomputer models to help in providing a better environment according to thermal comfort standards of the building’soccupancy. The experimental method came in three levels, the analytical level (to analyze the case study), thestandard level (to return the results from the previous level to a benchmark manual for comparison), and the designlevel (to propose design alternatives to solve the problems derived from the previous two levels). The use of programs such as Rhino, Grasshopper, RayMan, leads to perform a specific function in the simulation processaccording to each level of application. The most important outputs of the research are the great effeteness of thearchitectural form on temperature change and thus access thermal comfort by comparing the basic form in addition tofive other design alternatives. Additionally, the total radiation temperature varied each time, thus varying the degreeof thermal comfort. The optimal shape was selected from the range of models as the closest one to the human thermalcomfort zone.
Abstract Vol.32(2)
Authors: Khatun Sabera
Published: August 2020

Abstract Not Available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 128-129
BJOG yearly CME program Vol.32(2)
Authors: Khatun Sabera
Published: August 2020

Abstract Not Available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 134-136
Effects of Human Papillomavirus Infection with Pre-invasive Cervical Lesions: Bangladesh Perspectives
Authors: Joarder Mita , Begum Shirin Akter , Ahmad Md Rasel , Hossin Md Immam , Islam Shanjida , Harun Md Abdullah Al
Published: August 2020

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide – particularly in less developed countries. Around 85% of their new cases and 86% of deaths occur in less development countries (IARC, 2012). In Bangladesh, Cervical cancer is the second most common disease among female with an estimated 11,956 new cases and 6,582 deaths in 2012. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to identify the Effects of Human Papillomavirus infection with Pre-invasive cervical lesions in Bangladesh.

Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at the colposcopy clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University during the study period January 2015 - December 2015. A total of 65 consecutive women with VIA +ve cases of all three grades of CIN (CIN I, CIN II, CIN III) were enrolled in this study. Women having invasive cervical disease and women who not interested were excluded from this study.

Results: More than one third (35.3%) patients were in 3rd decade. More than one third (35.4%) patients had normal colposcopic findings followed by 23(35.4%) was CIN I, 11(16.9%) was CIN II and 8(12.3%) was CIN III. Majority (42.6%) patients was found CIN I, 11(26.1%) was CIN II, 8(19.4%) was CIN III and 5(11.9%) had normal in Histopathology. CIN I histopathological finding was found 18 cases, among them 8(44.4%) in positive HC-2/Viral load/ RLU index. In multivariate analysis CIN III was significantly increased 1.34 times in HC-2/Viral load/RLU index positive (human Papillomavirus) cases (95% CI 0.22 – 8.9%, <0.05). Validity test of benign HPV DNA test of the study women showed that HPV DNA had sensitivity 51.4%, specificity 92.9%, accuracy 69.2%, positive predictive values 90.5% and negative predictive values 59.1%. Benign Colposcopic finding had had sensitivity 86.5%, specificity 64.3%, accuracy 76.9%, positive predictive values 76.2% and negative predictive values 78.3%. CIN III significantly 1.34 times increased HC-2/Viral load/ RLU index positive (human Papillomavirus) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion: From the findings of the study it was observed that colposcopy had a high sensitivity and optimum specificity; HPV DNA test had lower sensitivity and higher specificity. Colposcopic findings were closely associated with Histopathology, where the validity test was high when compared to HPV DNA test. So it can be concluded that the Colposcopy is a useful screening test for detection of cervical lesions and Human Papillomavirus is associated with pre-invasive cervical lessons. So the HPV DNA test can be used as a co-test with Colposcopy for screening of cervical lesions.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 5-10
Oxytocics and other Drugs in Prevention of Post-partum Haemorrhage
Authors: Chowdhury Sameena
Published: August 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 92-94
Catastrophic Maternal Complications of Morbidly Adherent Placenta in Patients with History of Previous Caesarean Delivery
Authors: Amir Mumtahena , Rouf Salma , Chowdhury Saleha Begum
Published: August 2020

Objective:The study is aimed to describe the grave maternal outcomes encountered inpatients having morbidly adherent placenta along with history of previous caesarean section.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from September 2014 to August2015. All the patients attended in the in-patient department of obstetrics & gynaecology inDMCH during the study period having morbid adhesion of placenta (diagnosed antenatallyby USG or diagnosed preoperatively) along with history of previous caesarean section.

Result: Total 10,805 obstetric patients delivered during the study period, of which 6,337patients had caesarean sections. Out of them 37 pregnant patients were found to havemorbid adhesion of placenta along with history of previous C/S. The incidence is 1 in 292deliveries. All of the 37 patients needed hysterectomy for intractable per operativehaemorrhage. All the patients needed transfusion of more than 04 units of blood. Nineteenpatients needed ICU supports Ten (27%) patients died. Other grave complications werehypovolemic shock (19 patients), bladder injury (16patients), renal failure (07 patients),multiorgan failure (07 patients) and DIC (06 patients).

Conclusion: All the patients of morbidity adherant placenta with previous Caesarean Sectionneeded caesarian hysterectomy and ten patients died.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 96-100
Risk Factors and Maternal Outcome of Secondary Post Partum Haemorrhage in Rangpur Medical College Hospital. - A one year study
Authors: Ferdousy Hasina , Sultana Ferdousi , Nahaer Mst Kamrun , Begum Mst Moon Moon , Begum Mst Mahfuza
Published: August 2020

Background: Post partum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the most common causes ofmaternal mortality worldwide. Primary PPH (which occurs within 24 hours of delivery) hasbeen studied a lot. But data regarding secondary PPH (which occurs 24 hours after deliveryupto to 6 weeks post partum) is sparse. Our aim was to find out the risk factors and maternaloutcome of secondary PPH.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional analytic study of 32 cases admitted with secondaryPPH in Gynae and Obstetric department of Rangpur Medical College Hospital during 1 yearstudy period was carried out.

Result: Frequency of secondary PPH was 0.58%. Mean age of the patient was 25.23±2.79years; 22(69%) patients were multi para; 17 (53%) patients had education up to primarylevel. Maximum patients [18 (56%)] were from low socio economic status. Mean time ofpresentation was 13.5±2.78 days after delivery; 14(44%) patients delivered vaginally and18(56%) patients delivered by caesarean section. Most of the vaginal delivery 9 (28%) wereconducted by untrained dai or other family member. Among 32 patients, 31 were referredfrom outside the Hospital. Retained bits of placenta was the leading cause (15,47%) andcaesarean wound dehiscence was the second cause (13,41%); 13 (40%) patients had feveron presentation. All were anemic with mean hemoglobin concentration 7.4±1.4gm and 24(75%) of them required blood transfusion. Four patients was in shock. Antibiotic was givento all patients. DE&C was done in 15(47%) cases and laparotomy followed by total abdominalhysterectomy was done in 12 cases and repair in 1 case. Among 15 patients who underwentsurgical evacuation there was histological evidence of placental tissue in only 6(40%) patients.

Conclusion: In present study retained bits of placenta and caesarean wound dehiscenceare found as main cause of secondary postpartum hemorrhage So care should be takenduring active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL). Choosing appropriate suturematerial, maintaining personal hygine of patient and sterility of operation theate, usingappropriate antibiotic to combat microbials and last but not list improving skillness of surgeonare the key to reduce the rate of secondary PPH.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 107-112
Efficacy and Safety of Carbetocin for the Prevention of Primary PPH During Caesarean Section: An Open Label Single Arm Study
Authors: RAZZAQUE S , KHAN AD
Published: August 2020

Background: The risk of postpartum haemorrhage is much higher for women undergoingcaesarean section, particularly in developing countries where the majority of operations arecarried out as an emergency procedure. Postpartum haemorrhage is the leading cause ofmaternal mortality worldwide. Around 67–80% of cases are caused by uterine atony.Preventive measures include prophylactic drugs use to aid uterine contraction after delivery,thus avoiding severe blood loss and reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. Carbetocin asynthetic analogue of oxytocin is currently indicated for prevention of uterine atony afterdelivery by caesarean section in spinal or epidural anaesthesia.

The Aim of Study: To see the efficacy and safety of Carbetocin for the prophylaxis of PPHduring caesarean section.Patients and Methods: An open label single arm clinical trial was conducted in the BagerhatSadar Hospital, Bangladesh over a period of six months from May 2017 to October 2017.Ninety patients who had got admitted in Bagerhat Sadar Hospital, undergoing cesareansection at term were selected. Each patient obtained a single dose of 100 microgramcarbetocin intravenously during cesarean section, immediately after the delivery of the babyand prior to the delivery of the placenta. Outcome measures such as primary PPH, bloodloss was observed and measured by weighing sanitary napkin observed for six hours. Needfor additional uterotonic drug, additional blood transfusion as well as adverse effects were alldocumented.

Results: Massive blood loss occurred only in 3.3% patients. Among the study population96.7% patients did not need any additional uterotonics. No patient had developed fever,arrhythmia, pulmonary edema, tremor, abdominal pain and pruritus. Only 2.2% had nausea,only 3.3% had hypotention, only 3.3% had vomiting and only 2.2% had headache which wasnot statistically significant. Only 4.4% patients developed PPH.

Conclusion: Carbetocin appears to be an effective new drug for the prophylaxis of postpartumhemorrhage in cesarean section.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 119-124
Risk Profiles Associated with Endometriosis among Infertile Women
Authors: Khan Jaglul Haider , Rahman Saifur , Nasreen Chowdhury Taslima , Alam Jahangir , Fatema Pervin
Published: August 2020

Background: Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disorder which is found in about5% of women and in 30% of infertile women. Identification of risk factors and timely interventionis useful.

Methods: A case control study was conducted in the Dept. of obs & gynae of BangabandhuSheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, from October 2015 to March 2016 on50 infertile patients attending the Infertility unit of the institute with the objective to determinethe risk factors of endometriosis. Twenty five women with endometriosis was taken ascases (group-I) and twenty five women without endometriosis was taken as controls(group-II).

Result: The mean age was 32.8±5.4 years in group I and 35.1±5.7 years in group II which issimilar. Urban residents were 3.21 times (with 95% CI 0.87-12.71%) more likely to developendometriosis than rural resident which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Among the study population BMI of 72% patients in group I and 68% in group II were within19-24 kg/m2. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) . There was notstatistically significant difference (p>0.05) between two groups in OCP use (84%vs80%).Women with endometriosis had less physical activity than the women without endometriosis;the differences was statistically significant (p<0.05). Consumption of caffeine, red meat,vegetables and fruits has no effect on endometriosis. Women with pain during menstruationwere 29.33 times (with 95% CI 5.17-100%) and women with heavy amount of blood flow were5.09 times (with 95% CI 1.24-22.06%) more likely to be endometriosis, which was statisticallysignificant (p<0.05) . Other risk factors like- age, occupation, educational status, age atmenarche and cycle length were not significantly (p>0.05) associated with endometriosis.

Conclusion: Urban residence and all types of physical activities d”1 hour per day weresignificantly higher in infertile women with endometriosis.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 131-139
International News Vol.33(2)
Authors: Chowdhury Sameena
Published: August 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 173
Dimensi Struktur Modal pada Perusahaan Property and Real Estate
Authors: Annisa Fida Nur , Samrotun Yuli Chomsatu , Fajri Rosa Nikmatul
Published: August 2020

Capital structure is a balance or comparison between foreign capital and own capital. This study aimsto examine and analyze the effect ofprofitability, non-debt tax shield, asset structure, company size, and liquidity in property and real estate companies in 2015-2018. The independent variables of this study are profitability, non-debt tax shield, asset structure, company size, and liquidity. The dependent variable in this study is the capital structure. This study uses secondary data obtained from the IDX. With a population of 48 property and real estate manufacturing companies and sampling techniques using purposive sampling produces 34 sample companies. This type of quantitative research and data analysis techniques using multiple linear  regression. The results of the research partially addressed the variable profitability, company size and liquidity which had no significant effect on capital structure while the non-debt tax shield and asset structure variables had a significant effect on capital structure.
Pengaruh Kompetisi, Pertumbuhan Laba dan Kinerja Lingkungan terhadap Pengungkapan Informasi Emisi Karbon pada Perusahaan
Authors: Hilmi Hilmi , Puspitawati Lilis , Utari Ranti
Published: August 2020

Disclosure of carbon emissions (Carbon Emission Disclosure) is a voluntary disclosure of carbon emissions resulting from the company's production process. This research itself aims to obtain empirical evidence about competition, profit growth and environmental performance on the disclosure of carbon emissions of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2015-2018 period. The method applied to measure the extent of disclosure of carbon emissions adopted from the check list developed based on the request sheet obtained from the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). The results of this study indicate that competition, profit growth and environmental performance have no effect on Carbon Emission Disclosure.
Peran Profitabilitas dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Predictor Peringkat Obligasi
Authors: Barus Andreani Caroline , Tarihoran Anita
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan agar dapat mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan sebagai variabel independen, secara simultan dan parsial terhadap Peringkat Obligasi sebagai variabel dependennya, dengan Profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini berdasarkan pada perusahaan publik non keuangan yang terdaftar di PEFINDO periode 2016-2018. Populasi perusahaan tersebut yang diperoleh berjumlah 60 perusahaan. Menggunakan metode purposive sampling diperoleh sebanyak 78 perusahaan sampel. Metode pengujian data penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Secara simultan, Ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Peringkat Obligasi. Secara parsial, Likuiditas dan Leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap Peringkat Obligasi. Profitabilitas tidak mampu memoderasi hubungan antara Likuiditas, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Peringkat Obligasi.
Tratamiento de un Efluente con Furfural mediante Bacterias Autóctonas, en un Reactor Anaerobio de Lecho Fluidizado
Authors: Farías Alejandro Rubén , Utgés Enrique Eduardo , Tenev Daniela , Hervot Elsa , Utgés Enid , Nocenti María Florencia
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue proponer un tratamiento alternativo para los efluentes provenientes de una industria que fabrica furfural. El efluente, denominado aguas madres, contiene hasta 3000 mg/L de furfural. Para ello, se diseñó y construyó un reactor anaerobio de lecho fluidizado; se adaptaron microorganismos autóctonos al efluente a degradar y se evaluó la eficiencia, mediante el tratamiento de un efluente sintético de similares características que las aguas madres. Se monitoreó el desempeño del reactor, analizando los porcentajes de remoción de furfural. Los resultados, a escala laboratorio, demostraron que es posible adaptar consorcios bacterianos a concentraciones de furfural de hasta 600 mg/L. El reactor ensayado resultó eficiente y pudo ser utilizado para evaluar la degradación del furfural. Se obtuvieron porcentajes de remoción de hasta 99,92% en 20 horas de operación