bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LiDAR Packaging
Authors: Nguyen Tim
Published: June 2019

The rising demand for the “eyes to the machine” or 3D point cloud images in a wide set of application areas, such as automotive, trucking, UAV/drones, industrial, mapping, military and defense, surveillance, and others, is expected to exponentially drive the LiDAR market over the next two decades. The massive automotive LiDAR market is at its nascence stage. Wallstreet Research projects a $2 billion market by 2020 and grow to a staggering $82B by 2035. The Total Available Market (TAM) of LiDAR sensors is expected to grow from hundreds of thousands to millions and hundreds of millions through this period. With the market growth in demand and application specific requirements, the design, manufacturing and proxy of performance must revolutionize to deliver performance, quality, reliability, scale and cost. LiDAR optical design, integration, and miniaturization require novel packaging solutions, process and advanced tool development and hands-on lessons. Packaging and validation of performance requires a multidisciplinary approach that spans across the optical, electrical, mechanical and computer science domains. Although LiDAR has been around since the 1960s, the industry is beginning to learn the challenges in semiconductor packaging, interconnect substrate technologies, optoelectronic module technology, inter-assembly, and manufacturing multichip modules to meet the needs of the autonomous machine market.
Quick Prototyping Design for More than Moore era
Authors: Fujita Yoko , Koga Kazukani , Ohtani Shintaro , TsuTsui Daisuke
Published: June 2019

[Background and Motivation]

System in Package (SiP) is pulling the evolution of technology instead of deep submicron of LSI. SiP assists coming AI/IoT/5G world. SiP has many implementation variations. When we examine the chip and package implementation technique for the target product, it's important task to find the optimal solution for the product considering trade-off between cost and performance. Compared with mass production products, it's important to optimize costs especially for small volume production products. Moreover, in terms of performance, compared to conventional packages, for high frequency products and SiP, since the margin becomes small and confirming system level electrical characteristics are necessary, in addition to conventional conceptual design and detail design, prototyping design is required to test its electrical characteristics while keeping lower cost.

[Technical callenge]

To do prototyping design at the early stage of product and find the optimum solution of the product, we created short turn-around time(TAT) iteration environment and distributed prototyping design.

Quick Prototyping, which is a short TAT iteration environment, is based on the LSI/Package/PCB integrated co-design environment, estimates the chip size from the signal number of product, performs LSI design prototyping, using package automatic net assignment and the substrate auto routing, proceeds package prototype design and then confirms electrical characteristics.

In the above, itfs possible to consider multiple implementation variations.

In the distribution of prototype design, we utilize the LPB format (IEC 63055/IEEE 2401), have eliminated the interface(I/F) barriers between companies and tools, and have developed an environment for design prototypes and checking their characteristics throughout the industry.

[Results and Conclusions]

In collaboration with Semiconductor vendor Socionext Inc., as the above benchmark, 3D Flip Chip-Chip Scale Package(FCCSP) (with memory package with Package on Package(PoP) method) and 3D Fan-Out Wafer Level Package(FOWLP) (similarly in PoP method) as samples, the prototype design was created out. By comparison of the electrical characteristics, the Self Inductance of the FOWLP becomes half or less than FCCSP, the power supply noise could be suppressed. The shielding effect of FOWLP reduced the influence of crosstalk. We confirmed that FOWLP has advantage of electrical characteristics. On the cost side, in the LSI implementation of the FOWLP side, only the function blocks requiring performance were replaced with the fine node by chip partitioning, we examined to suppress the increase in cost while maintaining the performance advantage of FOWLP.

With Quick Prototyping, cost and performance balance can be examined in the product review early stages, also by utilizing the LPB format for Quick Prototyping, from the negotiation stage with business partners, we can share the design data, focus on tuning the product itself and improve the competitive SiP products.
A PCB Sensor for Magnetic Materials
Authors: Dean Robert N. , Beckingham Lauren E.
Published: June 2019

Printed circuit board (PCB) sensors are a sensor technology where the layout of traces on a PCB has been optimized so that the traces electromagnetically interact with the surrounding environment. These types of sensors can be manufactured at very low cost using standard commercially available low-cost printed circuit board fabrication. Exposed conductive electrodes on the circuit board are useful for measuring the electrical conductivity of the surrounding environment, and these sensors have been used in applications such as salinity measurement and dissolved ion content measurement of aqueous solutions. Insulated interdigitated electrode sensors are useful for capacitively analyzing the surrounding environment, and these sensors have been used to detect the presence of liquid water and to measure the moisture content of substances in physical contact with the sensor. Additionally, by measuring the complex impedance of the capacitive sensor over a wide frequency range, information concerning the chemical composition of the substance in contact with the sensor can be determined.

In addition to conducive and capacitive PCB sensors, the third type of PCB sensor would be an inductive sensor. Although it is challenging to realize 3D coils in PCB technology, planar inductors can be realized in a single Cu layer on a PCB, and insulated from the environment using a cover layer of polymeric solder mask. This type of electrode structure can inductively couple with magnetic materials in close proximity to the sensor. A variety of magnetic materials exist, including iron, nickel and cobalt. Additionally, many alloys of these elements are also magnetic. Of particular interest are corrosion products with magnetic properties, such as iron(III) oxide, Fe3O2, also known as common rust. A thin layer of iron(III) oxide powder deposited on the sensor's active area results in a measureable increase in the sensor's inductance. As such, an inductive PCB sensor could be a low-cost option for detecting the presence of some corrosion products in its operating environment.
Solder paste wicking in socketable BGAs
Authors: Gupte Omkar , Smet Vanessa , Murtagian Gregorio , Tummala Rao
Published: June 2019

The trend of the electronics industry to miniaturize package design has caused the need to adopt BGA packages for a variety of applications. OEM microprocessors have conventionally used LGA designs press fitted into sockets for ease of reworkability. However, BGA packages, which have been widely used for surface mount (SMT) applications, face challenges when they are used in sockets. One of the major challenges faced is the formation of intermetallics between the bare solder ball and the gold paddle of the socket. To address these challenges, Georgia Tech is developing a universal solution for socketing and SMT applications by surface modification of solder spheres. In this new approach, the solder spheres have an outermost noble metal layer which prevents any damage to the BGA and doesn't react with the gold paddle, when placed in a socket. The surface coating would also collapse with the solder ball under specific conditions during reflow when used in SMT applications.

This paper focuses on the process of attaching these modified solder spheres on the package and subsequent assembly of the package on the board. We evaluated high and low melting solder pastes to attach the coated spheres to the package. A major challenge observed was the wicking of the solder paste to the entire surface of the solder sphere during reflow. This was addressed by studying the wetting characteristics of the solder paste on different metal surfaces and controlling the volume of solder paste required. Optimization of solder paste volume was done to control wicking and at the same time, achieve a strong and stable joint. Microstructure of the solder joint was analyzed to determine its effect on the joint stability. It was found that the amount of wicking is a strong function of the composition of the solder paste, the reflow time, and the material in surface with which the solder paste is in contact with. This work advances the assembly requirements of socketable BGAs.
Automated Daisy Chain Generation and Verification
Authors: Whipple Tom
Published: June 2019

Daisy chain connectivity is created in test chips used to validate manufacturing processes. A daisy chain is the shorting of pins between a test chip and a test package substrate using an alternating pattern of connecting two pins in the die then two pins in the package and so forth, till all the selected pins are connected alternatively between the die and the package. Creating a daisy chain is typically a manual process requiring manual creation of the path, and duplication of routing layers between devices. This session describes the automatic creation of daisy chains in both the die and the package, enabling visibility of the daisy chain in both the substrates at the same time using the multi-board functionality. This functionality not only creates the complete daisy chain, but also allows for automatic refresh and update of the daisy chain as design needs vary. Finally, daisy chain verification techniques are described.
Airborne microbial flora in buffalo farms in a Mediterranean climate
Authors: Stelitano Debora , Squillaci Giuseppe , Santella Biagio , Chianese Annalisa , D'Oriano Virginia , Finamore Emiliana , Vitiello Mariateresa , Di Lella Federica Maria , Galdiero Marilena , Franci Gianluigi
Published: June 2019

The last few decades have seen an increase in intensive buffalo farms worldwide. Such industrialized activity entails human and animal potential health-related hazards as well as for the environment. Given the breadth of the issue, in this study we focused on gathering microbiological air sampling in the Southern Italian buffalo farms in order to obtain further information on airborne microbial flora. In details, we evaluated the bio-aerosol concentration of cultivable bacteria and fungi in ten different buffalo farms. There are evidences showing that exposure to organic dust may exacerbate asthma, just as it may cause mucous membrane irritation and chronic bronchitis. Likewise, studies show that inhaling noninfectious microorganisms and their components may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract. As a result, this is a significant health hazard to these farms’ workers as well as to rural residents living closely to them.
Mechanical Ventilation Training During Graduate Medical Education: Perspectives and Review of the Literature
Authors: Keller Jonathan M. , Claar Dru , Ferreira Juliana Carvalho , Chu David C. , Hossain Tanzib , Carlos William Graham , Gold Jeffrey A. , Nonas Stephanie A. , Seam Nitin
Published: June 2019

Background

Management of mechanical ventilation (MV) is an important and complex aspect of caring for critically ill patients. Management strategies and technical operation of the ventilator are key skills for physicians in training, as lack of expertise can lead to substantial patient harm.

Objective

We performed a narrative review of the literature describing MV education in graduate medical education (GME) and identified best practices for training and assessment methods.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar for English-language, peer-reviewed articles describing MV education and assessment. We included articles from 2000 through July 2018 pertaining to MV education or training in GME.

Results

Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria. Studies related to MV training in anesthesiology, emergency medicine, general surgery, and internal medicine residency programs, as well as subspecialty training in critical care medicine, pediatric critical care medicine, and pulmonary and critical care medicine. Nearly half of trainees assessed were dissatisfied with their MV education. Six studies evaluated educational interventions, all employing simulation as an educational strategy, although there was considerable heterogeneity in content. Most outcomes were assessed with multiple-choice knowledge testing; only 2 studies evaluated the care of actual patients after an educational intervention.

Conclusions

There is a paucity of information describing MV education in GME. The available literature demonstrates that trainees are generally dissatisfied with MV training. Best practices include establishing MV-specific learning objectives and incorporating simulation. Next research steps include developing competency standards and validity evidence for assessment tools that can be utilized across MV educational curricula.
Can downwelling far-infrared radiances over Antarctica be estimated from mid-infrared information?
Authors: Bellisario Christophe , Brindley Helen E. , Tett Simon F. B. , Rizzi Rolando , Di Natale Gianluca , Palchetti Luca , Bianchini Giovanni
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Far-infrared (FIR: 100cm-1<wavenumber, ν<667 cm−1) radiation emitted by the Earth and its
atmosphere plays a key role in the Earth's energy budget. However, because of
a lack of spectrally resolved measurements, radiation schemes in climate
models suffer from a lack of constraint across this spectral range.
Exploiting a method developed to estimate upwelling far-infrared radiation
from mid-infrared (MIR: 667cm-1<ν<1400 cm−1) observations, we explore the possibility of
inferring zenith FIR downwelling radiances in zenith-looking observation
geometry, focusing on clear-sky conditions in Antarctica. The methodology
selects a MIR predictor wavenumber for each FIR wavenumber based on the
maximum correlation seen between the different spectral ranges. Observations
from the REFIR-PAD instrument (Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared –
Prototype for Application and Development) and high-resolution radiance
simulations generated from co-located radio soundings are used to develop and
assess the method. We highlight the impact of noise on the correlation
between MIR and FIR radiances by comparing the observational and theoretical
cases. Using the observed values in isolation, between 150 and 360 cm−1, differences between the “true” and
“extended”
radiances are less than 5 %. However, in spectral bands of low signal,
between 360 and 667 cm−1, the impact of instrument
noise is strong and increases the differences seen. When the extension of the
observed spectra is performed using regression coefficients based on
noise-free radiative transfer simulations the results show strong biases,
exceeding 100 % where the signal is low. These biases are reduced to just a
few percent if the noise in the observations is accounted for in the
simulation procedure. Our results imply that while it is feasible to use this
type of approach to extend mid-infrared spectral measurements to the
far-infrared, the quality of the extension will be strongly dependent on the
noise characteristics of the observations. A good knowledge of the
atmospheric state associated with the measurements is also required in order
to build a representative regression model.
On the impact of future climate change on tropopause folds and tropospheric ozone
Authors: Akritidis Dimitris , Pozzer Andrea , Zanis Prodromos
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Using a transient simulation for the period 1960–2100 with the state-of-the-art ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) global model and a tropopause fold identification algorithm, we explore the future projected changes in tropopause folds, Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport (STT) of ozone and tropospheric ozone under the RCP6.0 scenario. Statistically significant changes in tropopause fold frequencies are identified in both Hemispheres, occasionally exceeding 3 %, which are associated with the projected changes in the position and intensity of the subtropical jet streams. A strengthening of ozone STT is projected for future at both Hemispheres, with an induced increase of transported stratospheric ozone tracer throughout the whole troposphere, reaching up to 10 nmol/mol in the upper troposphere, 8 nmol/mol in the middle troposphere and 3 nmol/mol near the surface. Notably, the regions exhibiting the maxima changes of ozone STT at 400 hPa, coincide with that of the highest fold frequencies, highlighting the role of tropopause folding mechanism in STT process under a changing climate. For both the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME), and the Afghanistan (AFG) regions, which are known as hotspots of fold activity and ozone STT during the summer period, the year-to-year variability of middle tropospheric ozone with stratospheric origin is largely explained by the short-term variations of ozone at 150 hPa and tropopause folds frequency. Finally, ozone in the lower troposphere is projected to decrease under the RCP6.0 scenario during MAM (March, April and May) and JJA (June, July and August) at the Northern Hemisphere, and during DJF (December, January and February) at the Southern Hemisphere, due to the decline of ozone precursors emissions, while in the rest of the troposphere ozone shows a remarkable increase owing to the STT strengthening.
Global biosphere–climate interaction: a multi-scale appraisal of observations and models
Authors: Claessen Jeroen , Molini Annalisa , Martens Brecht , Detto Matteo , Demuzere Matthias , Miralles Diego
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Improving the skill of Earth System Models (ESMs) in representing climate–vegetation interactions is crucial to enhance our predictions of future climate and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, ESMs need to correctly simulate the impact of climate on vegetation, but likewise, feedbacks of vegetation on climate must be adequately represented. However, model predictions at large spatial scales remain subjected to large uncertainties, mostly due to the lack of observational patterns to benchmark them. Here, the bi-directional nature of climate–vegetation interactions is explored across multiple temporal scales by adopting a spectral Granger causality framework that allows identifying potentially co-dependent variables. Results based on global and multi-decadal records of remotely-sensed leaf area index (LAI) and observed atmospheric data show that the climate control on vegetation variability increases with longer temporal scales, being higher at inter-annual than multi-month scales. The phenological cycle in energy-driven latitudes is mainly controlled by radiation, while in (semi-)arid regimes precipitation variability dominates at all temporal scales. However, at inter-annual scales, the control of water availability gradually becomes more wide-spread than that of energy constraints. The observational results are used as a benchmark to evaluate ESM simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Findings indicate a tendency of ESMs to over-represent the climate control on LAI dynamics, and a particular overestimation of the dominance of precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions. Analogously, CMIP5 models overestimate the control of air temperature on forest seasonal phenology. Overall, climate impacts on LAI are found to be stronger than the feedbacks of LAI on climate in both observations and models, arguably due to the local character of the analysis that does not allow for the identification of downwind or remote vegetation feedbacks. Nonetheless, wide-spread effects of LAI variability on radiation are observed over the northern latitudes, presumably related to albedo changes, which are well-captured by the CMIP5 models. Overall, our experiments emphasise the potential of benchmarking the representation of particular interactions in online ESMs using causal statistics in combination with observational data, as opposed to the more conventional evaluation of the magnitude and dynamics of individual variables.
Including the efficacy of land ice changes in deriving climate sensitivity from paleodata
Authors: Stap Lennert B. , Köhler Peter , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of climate models is calculated as the equilibrium global mean surface air warming resulting from a simulated doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration.
In these simulations, long-term processes in the climate system, such as land ice changes, are not incorporated.
Hence, climate sensitivity derived from paleodata has to be compensated for these processes, when comparing it to the ECS of climate models.
Several recent studies found that the impact these long-term processes have on global temperature cannot be quantified directly through the global radiative forcing they induce.
This renders the prevailing approach of deconvoluting paleotemperatures through a partitioning based on radiative forcings inaccurate.
Here, we therefore implement an efficacy factor ε[LI] that relates the impact of land ice changes on global temperature to that of CO2 changes in our calculation of climate sensitivity from paleodata.
We apply our refined approach to a proxy-inferred paleoclimate dataset,
using ε[LI]=0.45-0.20+0.34 based on a multi-model assemblage of simulated relative influences of land ice changes on the Last Glacial Maximum temperature anomaly.
The implemented ε[LI] is smaller than unity, meaning that per unit of radiative, forcing the impact on global temperature is less strong for land ice changes than for CO2 changes.
Consequently, our obtained ECS estimate of 5.8±1.3 K, where the uncertainty reflects the implemented range in ε[LI], is ∼50 % higher than
when differences in efficacy are not considered.
Chemistry and deposition in the Model of Atmospheric composition at Global and Regional scales using Inversion Techniques for Trace gas Emissions (MAGRITTE v1.1) – Part 1: Chemical mechanism
Authors: Müller Jean-François , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Peeters Jozef
Published: June 2019

Abstract. A
new chemical mechanism for the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic
compounds (BVOCs) is presented and implemented in the Model of Atmospheric
composition at Global and Regional scales using Inversion Techniques for
Trace gas Emissions (MAGRITTE v1.1). With a total of 105 organic species and
over 265 gas-phase reactions, 69 photodissociations, and 7 heterogeneous
reactions, the mechanism treats the chemical degradation of isoprene – its
main focus – as well as acetaldehyde, acetone, methylbutenol, and the family
of monoterpenes. Regarding isoprene, the mechanism incorporates a
state-of-the-art representation of its oxidation scheme accounting for all
major advances put forward in recent theoretical and laboratory studies. The
recycling of OH radicals in isoprene oxidation through the
isomerization of Z-δ-hydroxyperoxy radicals is found to enhance
OH concentrations by up to 40 % over western Amazonia in the
boundary layer and by 10 %–15 % over the southeastern US and Siberia
in July. The model and its chemical mechanism are evaluated against the suite
of chemical measurements from the SEAC4RS (Studies of Emissions and
Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys)
airborne campaign, demonstrating a good overall agreement for major isoprene
oxidation products, although the aerosol hydrolysis of tertiary and
non-tertiary nitrates remain poorly constrained. The comparisons for
methylnitrate indicate a very low nitrate yield (<3×10-4) in the
CH3O2+NO reaction. The oxidation of isoprene, acetone, and
acetaldehyde by OH is shown to be a substantial source of enols and
keto-enols, primarily through the photolysis of multifunctional carbonyls
generated in their oxidation schemes. Oxidation of those enols by OH
radicals constitutes a sizable source of carboxylic acids estimated at
9 Tg (HC(O)OH) yr−1 and 11 Tg(CH3C(O)OH) yr−1
or ∼20 % of their global identified source. The ozonolysis of
alkenes is found to be a smaller source of HC(O)OH
(6 Tg HC(O)OH yr−1) than previously estimated, due to several
factors including the strong deposition sink of hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide
(HMHP).
Statistical hypothesis testing in wavelet analysis: theoretical developments and applications to Indian rainfall
Authors: Schulte Justin A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Statistical hypothesis tests in wavelet analysis are methods that
assess the degree to which a wavelet quantity (e.g., power and coherence)
exceeds background noise. Commonly, a point-wise approach is adopted in
which a wavelet quantity at every point in a wavelet spectrum is
individually compared to the critical level of the point-wise test. However,
because adjacent wavelet coefficients are correlated and wavelet spectra
often contain many wavelet quantities, the point-wise test can produce many
false positive results that occur in clusters or patches. To circumvent the
point-wise test drawbacks, it is necessary to implement the recently
developed area-wise, geometric, cumulative area-wise, and topological
significance tests, which are reviewed and developed in this paper. To
improve the computational efficiency of the cumulative area-wise test, a
simplified version of the testing procedure is created based on the idea
that its output is the mean of individual estimates of statistical
significance calculated from the geometric test applied at a set of
point-wise significance levels. Ideal examples are used to show that the
geometric and cumulative area-wise tests are unable to differentiate wavelet
spectral features arising from singularity-like structures from those
associated with periodicities. A cumulative arc-wise test is therefore
developed to strictly test for periodicities by using normalized arclength, which is defined as the number of points composing a cross section of a patch
divided by the wavelet scale in question. A previously proposed topological
significance test is formalized using persistent homology profiles (PHPs)
measuring the number of patches and holes corresponding to the set of all
point-wise significance values. Ideal examples show that the PHPs can be
used to distinguish time series containing signal components from those that
are purely noise. To demonstrate the practical uses of the existing and
newly developed statistical methodologies, a first comprehensive wavelet
analysis of Indian rainfall is also provided. An R software package has been
written by the author to implement the various testing procedures.
Fracturing and crystal plastic behavior of garnet under seismic stress in the
dry lower continental crust (Musgrave Ranges, Central Australia)
Authors: Hawemann Friedrich , Mancktelow Neil , Wex Sebastian , Pennacchioni Giorgio , Camacho Alfredo
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Garnet is a high strength mineral compared to other common minerals such as quartz and feldspar in the felsic crust. In felsic mylonites, garnet typically occurs as porphyroclasts that mostly evade deformation, except under relatively high temperature conditions. The microstructure of granulite facies garnet in felsic lower-crustal rocks of the Musgrave Ranges (Central Australia) records both fracturing and crystal-plastic deformation. Granulite facies metamorphism at ~ 1200 Ma generally dehydrated the rocks and produced mm-sized garnets in peraluminous gneisses. A later ~ 550 Ma overprint under sub-eclogitic conditions (600–700 °C, 1.1–1.3 GPa) developed shear zones and with abundant pseudotachylyte, coeval with the neocrystallization of fine-grained, high-calcium garnet. The granulitic fractured garnet porphyroclasts in mylonites show high calcium content along rims and fractures. However, in certain cases, these rims are narrower than equivalent rims along original grain boundaries, indicating contemporaneous diffusion and fracturing of garnet. The fractured garnets exhibit internal crystal-plastic deformation, that coincide with areas of enhanced diffusion, usually along zones of crystal lattice distortions and dislocation walls and by subgrain rotation recrystallization. Fracturing of garnet under dry lower crustal conditions, in an otherwise viscously flowing matrix, requires transient high differential stress, most likely related to seismic rupture, consistent with the coeval development of abundant pseudotachylyte.
“Knower” as an Ethical Concept: From Epistemic Agency to Mutual Recognition
Authors: Congdon Matthew
Published: June 2019

Recent discussions in critical social epistemology have raised the idea that the concept “knower” is not only an epistemological concept but an ethical concept as well. Though this idea plays a central role in these discussions, the theoretical underpinnings of the claim have not received extended scrutiny. This paper explores the idea that “knower” is an irreducibly ethical concept in an effort to defend its use as a critical concept. In section 1, I begin with the claim that “knower” is an irreducibly normative and social concept, drawing from some ideas in Wilfrid Sellars. In section 2, I argue that one’s being a knower involves demands for various sorts of ethically laden recognition. I develop this thought by arguing that Axel Honneth’s threefold typology of recognition—love, respect, and esteem—finds clear expression within the context of socio-epistemic practice. I conclude in section 3 by arguing that Miranda Fricker’s proposed “analogy” between epistemic and moral perception should be modified to indicate a closer relationship than mere analogy.
Recognizing Settler Ignorance in the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Authors: Cook Anna
Published: June 2019

The Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has been mandated to collect testimonies from survivors of the Indian Residential Schools system. The TRC demands survivors of the residential school system to share their personal narratives under the assumption that the sharing of narratives will inform the Canadian public of the residential school legacy and will motivate a transformation of settler identity. I contend, however, that the TRC provides a concrete example of how a politics of recognition fails to transform relationships between Native and settler Canadians not only because it enacts an internalization of colonial recognition, but because it fails to account for what I call “settler ignorance.” Work in epistemologies of ignorance and epistemic oppression gives language to explain sustained denial and provide tools to further understand how settler denial is sustained, and how it can be made visible, and so challenged. For this task, Mills’s articulation of white ignorance should be expanded to a consideration of white settler ignorance. Over and above an account of white ignorance, such an account will have to consider the underlying logics of settler colonialism. This characterization of settler ignorance will show that the denial of past and ongoing violence against Indigenous peoples, through the reconstruction of the past to assert the primacy of settlers, is not explainable in terms of a lack of recognition but is rather structural ignorance.
El proceso judicial musulmán durante el Protectorado español de Marruecos: algunas observaciones coloniales
Authors: Carro Martín Sergio
Published: June 2019

Entre los años 1912 y 1956 muchos diplomáticos y militares españoles publicaron artículos y manuales informando sobre su trabajo en territorio marroquí, las costumbres, la religión y la cultura árabes en Marruecos. Esta documentación muestra el interés de la administración española por su organización y control social, especialmente en lo referente a la justicia musulmana, cuyo correcto funcionamiento aseguraba gran parte de su éxito como fuerza colonial. El presente artículo analiza la abundante documentación publicada durante el Protectorado español sobre las instituciones judiciales marroquíes, y en concreto sobre el procedimiento judicial musulmán, su desarrollo, sus actores, y la burocracia desarrollada en torno a ella.
La filosofía y las transformaciones de la sociedad marroquí
Authors: Achmal Mohamed Bilal
Published: June 2019

Mohamed Sabila forma parte de la destacada pléyade de pensadores e intelectuales marroquíes contemporáneos. Como muestra de su pensamiento y las problemáticas afines a toda la intelectualidad marroquí comprometida con los valores del progreso y de la modernidad, traducimos uno de sus artículos más relevantes alrededor de la filosofía y su vinculación con las transformaciones de la sociedad marroquí.
Una representación diferente del imán Alí en la miniatura islámica
Authors: Elassal Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: June 2019

En este trabajo presentamos una nueva forma de representar al imán Alí en la miniatura islámica, en concreto en el códice Hayder Nameh, que se encuentra catalogado con el número 80 de Historia persa en la Biblioteca Nacional de Egipto en El Cairo. El cuerpo del imán aparece totalmente oculto, en lugar de utilizar un halo de luz alrededor de su rostro o la ocultación sus rasgos faciales como venía siendo habitual en las ilustraciones. Esta forma de cubrir todos los detalles del imán Alí es una nueva forma de interpretar la aplicación del aniconismo en el arte islámico.
Análisis económico: la actuación de al-Manṣūr
Authors: Chalmeta Gendrón Pedro
Published: June 2019

Hasta ahora, cuantos estudios se han realizado sobre la actuación de Almanzor lo han sido por gentes deslumbradas por su actividad político-militar, aspecto que ha monopolizado su atención. Nuestra contribución pretende completarlos con el oportuno análisis de su contexto socio-económico.
La traducción del árabe al español y el exequátur en materia de divorcio
Authors: El-Madkouri Maataoui Mohamed
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de la presente investigación es explorar la tipología de los divorcios en el derecho de varios países musulmanes y la problemática de su traducción al español. El corpus analizado corresponde a textos legales y judiciales procedentes de textos jurídicos árabes, especialmente de Marruecos.

Se trata de textos concretos en los cuales se multiplican los términos para designar lo que en español se conoce como divorcio sin más. Esta multiplicación árabe de términos relativos al divorcio descansa sobre una conceptualización específica del mismo y de las implicaciones particulares de cada caso de ellos. Las asimetrías con respecto al derecho civil español son evidentes. Ello obliga al traductor, muy a menudo, a emprender una labor didáctica sobre conceptos y principios que trascienden su pericia conceptual y terminológica para trasvasar un texto jurídico de una lengua a otra. El calado cultural y tradicional es determinante, como es común en derecho, de estas especificaciones.
Perceptions of Postsecondary Career and Technical Education: A Q Method Examination
Authors: Kandalec Holm Katherine R.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the study was to identify perceptions currently held among school counselors towards postsecondary career and technical education. Q methodology provides an opportunity to study individual's subjective reality using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Literature
on CTE, the roles of counselors, and student outcomes were used to develop a set of statements. Then, counselors sorted the statements according to personal views of postsecondary CTE. A post-survey gathered demographic information and provided an in-depth understanding about each individual
participant's sort. Data analysis indicated three distinct and statistically significant factor groups: CTE Experienced, CTE Spectators, and Stereotypical Stigma group. The findings of this study generate considerations for practice, policy, and further research in the field of CTE perceptions
and outcomes.
Rethinking of Self-monitoring and Self-response in Teaching Grammar Knowledge to Iranian ELT Teachers
Authors: Parvizi Gholamreza , Kargar Alireza
Published: June 2019

In the present days, learning and teaching researchers have emphasized the charge which teachers, tutors, and trainers’ constraint knowledge treat in re-sizing and trimming what they perform in educational space. Regarding English language as a subject to teaching, although the prominence of instructor knowledge about language grammar has also been stressed, but the lack of empirical insight into the relationship between teachers’ self-monitoring of grammar knowledge and self- response have been observed. With particular attention to the grammar, this article indicates and discusses information obtained from self – feedback and conversing to teachers of a kind who backwash the issue. The result of the study indicates that enabling teachers to progress and maintain a logical and realistic awareness of their knowledge about the grammar have to be prominent goal for teacher’s education and development programs. Keywords: grammar knowledge, self-monitoring, self-response, teaching grammar, language teaching programs.
Investor Sentiment, Innovation Investment and Cash Dividend
Authors: Xu Xiaoyang , Isaac Adubofour , Hao Lizhong , Wang Dandan
Published: June 2019

Investor sentiment plays a critical role in corporate innovation investment. Firms resort to innovation in their attempts to satisfying the demands of their investors. We argue empirically in our study that investor sentiment has impact on firms’ innovation decisions. We also argue that, strong negative sentiment has higher propensity to foster corporate innovation investment. We analyzed a nine- year panel data ranging from 2009-2017, which consisted of 3,558 Chinese listed firms. A verification of the impact of dividend policy on firms’ innovation investment was conducted. We found that, favorable dividend policy would trigger corporate innovation investment. We also found a statistically significant relationship between innovation investment and firm performance. Our findings showed a positive association between corporate innovation investment and firm performance. We also conducted a series of robustness checks on our empirical models and then discussed the contribution of our study, theoretically and practically.
Tijd en rust wettelijk toegevoegd aan de gereedschapskist van het bestuur
Authors: Kleipool R.H. , Pouwer R.L.
Published: June 2019

Tijd en rust wettelijk toegevoegd aan de gereedschapskist van het bestuur

De wetgever heeft een voorontwerp ter invoering van een bedenktijd voor bestuurders van de naamloze vennootschap gepubliceerd. Een bedenktijd geeft bestuurders gelegenheid in rust een goede belangenafweging te maken. De auteurs beschrijven hun positieve visie op het voorontwerp. Tevens komt een aantal knelpunten van de voorgestelde regeling aan bod.
Selection of Wavelet Basis Function for Image Compression – A Review
Authors: Sunkara Jaya Krishna
Published: June 2019

Wavelets are being suggested as a platform for various tasks in image processing. The advantage of wavelets lie in its time frequency resolution. The use of different basis functions in the form of different wavelets made the wavelet analysis as a destination for many applications. The performance of a particular technique depends on the wavelet coefficients arrived after applying the wavelet transform. The coefficients for a specific input signal depends on the basis functions used in the wavelet transform. Hence in this paper toward this end, different basis functions and their features are presented. As the image compression task depends on wavelet transform to large extent from few decades, the selection of basis function for image compression should be taken with care. In this paper, the factors influencing the performance of image compression are presented.
Revisitando o Marketing Social
Authors: Da Silva Edson Coutinho , Mazzon José Afonso
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: este ensaio terico se prope a: (i) conhecer as teorias de Marketing para arena social, compreender o Marketing Social enquanto uma estratgia para potencializar a mudana social e abordar as crticas endereadas ao Marketing Social. Abordagem terica: o Marketing Social prope reduzir e eliminar problemas sociais em prol do bem-estar e da qualidade de vida da sociedade em geral. O Marketing Social opera na mudana social dos indivduos por meio de ideias e benefcios que se sobreponham aos custos da adeso. Originalidade e relevncia: o estudo se prope a revisitar os princpios do Marketing Social a fim de compreender as deturpaes e crticas acerca das prticas de modo e apresentar o que o Marketing Social vem se propondo no que se refere governana, tica profissional, livre-arbtrio e insero de organizaes privadas. Contribuies tericas: busca abordar as diferenas entre Marketing Social e outras prticas de Marketing na esfera social, como Marketing Relacionado s Causas (MRC), Marketing Societal, Marketing Verde, Marketing Social Corporativo (MSC), Propaganda Institucional e Responsabilidade Social Corporativa. Contribuies sociais: o Marketing Social foca na mudana voluntria de comportamento do indivduo a partir da Orientao ao Marketing.
Temos que pegar todos! - Discursos identitários sobre o consumo de Pokemon GO no Brasil
Authors: De Souza-Leão André Luiz Maranhão , Moura Bruno Melo
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: O lanamento do game Pokemon GO gerou um frenesi nunca antes visto no Brasil em relao a um jogo de videogame e revelou ao pas a existncia de um pblico aficionado por cultura pop e tecnologia, os chamados nerds. A tomada das cidades pelos caadores de monstrinhos virtuais teve uma enorme repercusso na grande mdia e levou diferentes pblicos a se posicionarem a respeito. Assumindo o consumo como prtica identitria, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a constituio identitria dos usurios brasileiros do Pokemon GO por meio dos discursos que se estabeleceram a partir do anncio do lanamento do jogo no pas. Mtodo: Adotamos a Anlise de Discurso Foucaultiana (ADF), que evidencia como certos discursos revelam regularidades. O corpus de pesquisa foi formado por matrias veiculadas durante vinte meses, a partir do anncio do produto. Relevncia: O pblico nerd tem ganho importncia social e econmica, tanto pela relevncia da cultura pop no mundo contemporneo, quanto pelo crescimento da indstria do entretenimento. Resultados: Identificamos duas formaes discursivas relacionadas ao consumo do Pokemon GO no Brasil: uma referente busca de legitimidade da identidade nerd e outra ao estigma a essa imputado. Contribuio metodolgica: A pesquisa apresenta uma operacionalizao sistematizada do mtodo foucaultiano. Contribuio terica: Os achados levam ao entendimento do consumo nerd como uma arena de poltica da identidade. Contribuio social: O estudo pe em evidncia uma identidade social que, a despeito de seu relevo econmico, ainda se caracteriza como minoritria.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT – TRADITIONAL OR AGILE?
Authors: Soroka-Potrzebna Hanna
Published: June 2019

In a fast-growing world, project management has become one of the most important pillars that help companies operate without interruptions in their processes. Both small and large organizations around the world use methods and techniques of project management to successfully complete various projects without any obstacles. Although traditional project management has been used for a long time, for several years changes have been observed on the one hand due to the high level of complexity and dynamics of the business environment, and on the other hand the innovativeness of enterprises. In such an environment, the traditional approach becomes inadequate to the contemporary requirements of the environment and may be unfavorable for projects that are structurally complex and uncertain. Currently, it is the agile project management that is considered the most practical and flexible for the company’s development. The article aims to present and compare both approaches to project management, and to assess the validity of the prevailing belief that agile project management is better.
USING OF CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE TO PROTECT THE CONSUMER IN THE BANKING SERVICES MARKET – OPPORTUNITIES AND POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Butor-Keler Agnieszka
Published: June 2019

Customer Experiece is the total customer experience in connection with using service or product. Research and analysis regarding this factor is an important element of building a competitive advantage by entrepreneurs. These activities allow to determine the level of customer satisfaction with the services provided or products delivered. Such research is important in particular in the financial services market, which is characterized by high competitiveness, as well as the volatility of the product offer and solutions used, which result in the need to update its policy and solutions on an ongoing basis. The purpose of this publication is to determine whether and if so how the conduct of Customer Experience surveys may affect the scope of protection of consumer interests in the banking services market. This issue is important because the market generates a number of threats to these interests, which will be presented in this article.
INTERNAL COMMUNICATION IN A VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION EXEMPLIFIED BY BRAND24
Authors: Lupa-Wójcik Iwona
Published: June 2019

Modern organizations face many challenges in the field of internal communication, which would include all employees, regardless of their position in the structure. Virtual organizations
require the use of various types of modern communication tools, thanks to which it is possible to exchange knowledge and information within the company. The aim of the article
is to present the internal communication model in a virtual organization. An integral part of this model will be the presentation of various communication tools used within the organization.
As a research method one used case study of Brand24 (polish company in IT sector).
Łączenie ścian. Część 2
Authors: Jasiński Radosław , Galman Iwona
Published: June 2019

W artykule zostały przedstawione wyniki badań własnych połączeń ścian wykonanych z autoklawizowanego betonu komórkowego. Badania przeprowadzono na autorskim, zmodyfikowanym stanowisku badawczym. Łącznie przebadano trzy serie murów po trzy elementy badawcze. Ponadto zaprezentowano ustalenia normowe w zakresie, jakim jest łączenie ścian murowanych, a także przedstawiono podstawowy dostępny na rynku asortyment służący do łączenia ścian.
Índices de qualidade da água do riacho queima pé no município de Tangará da Serra/MT, região de transição entre os biomas Cerrado e Amazônia
Authors: Queiroz Tadeu Miranda de , Melo Martins Toledo de
Published: June 2019

A qualidade da água é fator fundamental nos seus múltiplos usos e estudos que consideram a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de avaliação permite inferir sobre as características do manancial e seu entorno. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade da água do riacho Queima Pé através de índices indicadores da qualidade de água. Para isso, coletaram-se amostras de água próximo ao exutório da bacia do referido riacho, as quais foram submetidas às análises físicas, químicas e microbiológicas para determinação de índices de qualidade. A coleta foi realizada em meados de outubro de 2016 no final do período de estiagem onde o nível do manancial está baixo e possivelmente com maior concentração de contaminantes. Determinou-se Cadmio, Chumbo, Cobre, Cromo, Níquel, Zinco, Mercúrio, Fenóis, Surfactantes, Fósforo total, Nitrogênio total, pH, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio, Oxigênio Dissolvido, Resíduo Total, Turbidez, Temperatura e Coliformes Fecais. De posse desses dados calculou-se o Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA), Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) e Índice de Proteção da Vida Aquática (IVA). Os resultados apontam para uma água classificada como Boa (IQA), Ruim (IVA) e Mesotrófica (IET). Concluiu-se que, em relação aos índices avaliados, a água do Queima Pé apresenta indicativos de poluição por efluentes domésticos, industriais e agrícolas.