bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New food ingredients from broccoli by‐products: physical, chemical and technological properties
Authors: Shi Meng , Hlaing Mya Myintzu , Ying DanYang , Ye JianHui , Sanguansri Luz , Augustin Mary Ann
Published: February 2019

Broccoli stems and leaves examined were rich in protein (23.2%, dry weight), fibre (36.5%, dry weight) and polyphenols (11.4 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1). Chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and quinic acid were the major phenolics found. Broccoli by‐products have potential to be developed as differentiated food ingredients by separation. On a dry basis, the pomace and washed pomace fractions were enriched in fibre and had higher water‐holding but lower water solubility and emulsifying capacity compared to juice and supernatant from washed pomace, which were enriched in protein. The juice and supernatant had higher polyphenol content and higher antioxidant activity, suggesting that polyphenols were the major contributors to antioxidant activity. For convenience of use, the products may be supplied as packaged powdered ingredients, but this was practical only for broccoli stems and leaves and pomaces as these powders had higher glass transition temperatures than the juice and supernatant fractions.
Valorisation of grape pomace (cv. Muscat) for development of functional cookies
Authors: Theagarajan Radhika , Malur Narayanaswamy Lavanya , Dutta Sayantani , Moses Jeyan A. , Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
Published: February 2019

Fruit juice industries and wineries generate considerable amount of grape pomace as waste from fresh grapes. However, the nutritional assets of grape pomace that include antioxidants, mainly polyphenols, should not be neglected, and be further processed in developing food supplements. In this study, grape pomace (cv. Muscat) was found to be indeed nutrient‐rich. This pomace was subsequently employed in development of grape pomace cookies, as a functional snack. The characterisation of the grape pomace cookies delineated their healthfulness in terms of antioxidant potential, and storability in terms of higher shelf life, at 6% w/w in cookie dough. The present study highlights the importance of utilising a wasted bioresource in adding functional value to a common food that otherwise is only a fat‐rich snack.
Control and emotions: Understanding the dynamics of controllee behaviours in a health care information systems project
Authors: Murungi David , Wiener Martin , Marabelli Marco
Published: February 2019

The control of information systems (IS) projects is important for organizations seeking to realize the value‐creating capabilities of information technology (IT). However, their achievement has proven complex and has triggered research on the unique challenges related to IS project control. The existing research focuses primarily on the contextual antecedents and performance effects of control‐mode choices but largely neglects the dynamics of control activities, and particularly the socio‐emotional aspects of such activities. We conducted longitudinal fieldwork to evaluate the dynamic interplay between control activities and emotions in the context of a large‐scale, health care IS project. Our case analysis provides empirical evidence for the link between controllers' control styles and controllees' emotions and subsequent behaviours. For instance, our analysis results point to “suppressed” effects of negative emotions on control effectiveness. We find that while controllees' negative emotional appraisals of control activities do not necessarily translate into immediate resistance behaviours, they can give rise to delayed resistance behaviours triggered by shifting control styles.
Using the Braden subscales to assess risk of pressure injuries in adult patients: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Lim Ellene , Mordiffi Zubaidah , Chew Han S. J. , Lopez Violeta
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the pressure injury risk predictability between the individual Braden subscales and the total Braden scale in adult inpatients in Singapore. A retrospective 1:1 case‐control design was used from a sample of 199 patient medical records. Clinical data were collected from a local university hospital's medical records database. The results showed that, among the six subscales, the activity subscale was the most sensitive and specific in predicting pressure injury (PI). However, the overall results showed that the Braden scale remained the most predictive of PI development in comparison with the individual subscales. The study also found that, among the Singaporean patients, the Braden cut‐off score for PI risk was 17 compared with the current cut‐off score of 18. Therefore, it may be relevant for local tertiary hospitals to review their respective Braden cut‐off scores as the study results indicate an over‐prediction of PI risk, which leads to unnecessary utilisation of resources. The hospital may also consider developing a PI prevention bundle comprising commonly used preventive interventions when at least one Braden subscale reflects a suboptimal score.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of dental plaque control among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: McGrath Colman , Zhou Ni , Wong Hai Ming
Published: February 2019

Background

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically have poorer oral health. Oral diseases have a microbiological origin, and thus, dental plaque control (DPC) is key to safeguard their oral health.

Methods

A structured search strategy was applied to screen oral health promotion initiatives for DPC among children and adolescents with ID following PRISMA statements. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed.

Results

From 1,455 citations, 22 studies informed this review. Seven studies related to mechanical interventions and 13 to chemical interventions. Qualitative analyses found conventional toothbrushes were less effective than modified toothbrushes but quantitative analyses were conflicting. Of the nine studies that compared chlorhexidine to placebos, seven reported chlorhexidine was more effective than placebos. Meta‐analysis favoured chlorhexidine to placebos (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.34–0.63).

Conclusions

Both mechanical and chemical interventions are effective for DPC. It is unclear whether they are alternative means for DPC or whether they are best employed together.
Osteoporosis is inversely associated with arterial stiffness in the elderly: An investigation using the Osteoporosis Self‐assessment Tool for Asians index in an elderly Chinese cohort
Authors: Xuan Yan , Wang Weiliang , Zhang Hong , Tan Isabella , Butlin Mark , Avolio Alberto , Zuo Junli
Published: February 2019

Although the association of arterial stiffness and osteoporosis has been reported, the relation of arterial stiffness with risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture is not established. The authors investigated the correlation between arterial stiffness (brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV]), including a cutoff value, and risk of osteoporosis as assessed by the Osteoporosis Self‐assessment Tool for Asia (OSTA) index in 129 elderly Chinese community‐dwelling individuals (age 83.2 ± 12.8 years, 63 females). OSTA was negatively correlated with baPWV (r = −0.326, P = 0.023) after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, body mass index, low‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, absence or presence of diabetes, absence or presence of hypertension, and uric acid. baPWV was an independent factor for changes in OSTA (β = −0.001, P = 0.002). ROC curve analysis confirmed association between baPWV and OSTA index (AUC = 0.742 [CI: 0.660, 0.824]; P < 0.001) with a baPWV cutoff value of 1676 cm/s (sensitivity, 80.7%; specificity, 60%) for prediction of high OSTA index. The study showed a significant correlation between OSTA index and baPWV, suggesting a potential predictive value of baPWV in elderly patient at high risk of osteoporosis.
MicroRNA‐1258, regulated by c‐Myb, inhibits growth and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition phenotype via targeting SP1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hua , Jiang Sui , Guo Longbin , Li Xi
Published: February 2019

The biological function and underlying mechanism of miR‐1258 has seldom been investigated in cancer progression, including in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the current study, we revealed that the expression level of miR‐1258 was significantly down‐regulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Restoration of miR‐1258 decreased OSCC cell growth and invasion. The luciferase and Western blot assays revealed that SP1 protein was a downstream target of miR‐1258. Overexpression of SP1 dismissed miR‐1258’s effect on cell growth and invasion. We also revealed that c‐Myb inhibited miR‐1258 by directly binding at its promoter. In addition, miR‐1258 inhibited PI3K/AKT and ERK signalling pathway activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that miR‐1258 may function as a tumour‐suppressive micorRNA in OSCC and suggested that miR‐1258 may be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC patients.
Starting Up a Hospital at Home Program: Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Brody Abraham A. , Arbaje Alicia I. , DeCherrie Linda V. , Federman Alex D. , Leff Bruce , Siu Albert L.
Published: February 2019

Background

Hospital at home (HaH) is a model of care that provides acute‐level services in the home. HaH has been shown to improve quality and patient satisfaction, and reduce iatrogenesis and costs. Uptake of HaH in the United States has been limited, and little research exists on how to implement it successfully.

Objectives

This study examined facilitators and barriers to implementation of an HaH program.

Design

A HaH program that included a 30‐day transitional care bundle following the acute stay was implemented through a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Innovations Award. Informants completed a priming table describing initial implementation components, their barriers, and facilitators. These were followed up with semistructured focus groups and individual interviews that were transcribed and independently coded using thematic analysis by two independent investigators.

Setting

Large urban academic health system.

Participants

Clinical and administrative personnel from Mount Sinai, the Visiting Nurse Service of New York, and executive leaders at partner organizations (laboratory, pharmacy, radiology, and transportation).

Results

To facilitate successful development and implementation of a high‐quality HaH program, a number of barriers needed to be overcome through significant teamwork and communication internally with policymakers and external partners. Areas of paramount importance include facilitating work‐arounds to regulatory barriers and health system policies; altering an electronic health record that was not designed for HaH; developing the necessary payment and billing mechanisms; and building effective and collaborative partnerships and communication with outside vendors.

Conclusion

Development of HaH programs in the United States are feasible but require strategic planning and development of strong, tightly coordinated partnerships. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:588–595, 2019.
Peak cement‐related CO2 emissions and the changes in drivers in China
Authors: Shan Yuli , Zhou Ya , Meng Jing , Mi Zhifu , Liu Jingru , Guan Dabo
Published: February 2019

In order to fight against the climate change, China has set a series of emission reduction policies for super‐emitting sectors. The cement industry is the major source of process‐related emissions, and more attention should be paid to this industry. This study calculates the process‐related, direct fossil fuel–related, and indirect electricity‐related emissions from China's cement industry. The study finds that China's cement‐related emissions peaked in 2014. The emissions are, for the first time, divided into seven parts based on the cement used in different new building types. The provincial emission analysis finds that developed provinces outsourced their cement capacities to less developed regions. This study then employs index decomposition analysis to explore the drivers of changes in China's cement‐related emissions. The results show that economic growth was the primary driver of emission growth, while emission intensity and efficiency were two offsetting factors. The changes in the construction industry's structure and improvement in efficiency were the two major drivers that contributed to the decreased emissions since 2014.
Pink1 regulates FKBP5 interaction with AKT/PHLPP and protects neurons from neurotoxin stress induced by MPP+
Authors: Boonying Wassamon , Joselin Alvin , Huang En , Qu Dianbo , Safarpour Farzaneh , Iyirhiaro Grace O. , Gonzalez Yasmilde Rodriguez , Callaghan Steve M. , Slack Ruth S. , Figeys Daniel , Chung Young‐Hwa , Park David S.
Published: February 2019

Loss of function mutations in the PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) gene have been linked with an autosomal recessive familial form of early onset Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for degeneration remains elusive. Presently, using co‐immunoprecipitation in HEK (Human embryonic kidney) 293 cells, we show that Pink1 endogenously interacts with FK506‐binding protein 51 (FKBP51 or FKBP5), FKBP5 and directly phosphorylates FKBP5 at Serine in an in vitro kinase assay. Both FKBP5 and Pink1 have been previously associated with protein kinase B (AKT) regulation. We provide evidence using primary cortical cultured neurons from Pink1‐deficient mice that Pink1 increases AKT phosphorylation at Serine 473 (Ser473) challenged by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and that over‐expression of FKBP5 using an adeno‐associated virus delivery system negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in murine‐cultured cortical neurons. Interestingly, FKBP5 over‐expression promotes death in response to MPP+ in the absence of Pink1. Conversely, shRNA‐mediated knockdown of FKBP5 in cultured cortical neurons is protective and this effect is reversed with inhibition of AKT signaling. In addition, shRNA down‐regulation of PH domain leucine‐rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) in Pink1 WT neurons increases neuronal survival, while down‐regulation of PHLPP in Pink1 KO rescues neuronal death in response to MPP+. Finally, using co‐immunoprecipitation, we show that FKBP5 interacts with the kinase AKT and phosphatase PHLPP. This interaction is increased in the absence of Pink1, both in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEF) and in mouse brain tissue. Expression of kinase dead Pink1 (K219M) enhances FKBP5 interaction with both AKT and PHLPP. Overall, our results suggest a testable model by which Pink1 could regulate AKT through phosphorylation of FKBP5 and interaction of AKT with PHLPP. Our results suggest a potential mechanism by which PINK1‐FKBP5 pathway contributes to neuronal death in PD.

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Localization of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase (PIP5K) α, β, γ in the three major salivary glands in situ of mice and their response to β‐adrenoceptor stimulation
Authors: Khrongyut Suthankamon , Rawangwong Atsara , Pidsaya Atthapon , Sakagami Hiroyuki , Kondo Hisatake , Hipkaeo Wiphawi
Published: February 2019

Phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase (PIP5K), which is composed of three isozymes (α, β and γ), catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2). This phospholipid functions in membrane trafficking, as an anchor for actin cytoskeletons and as a regulator of intramembranous channels/transporters. It is also a precursor of such second messengers as diacylglycerol, inositol triphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐triphosphate. In the present study, the expression and localization of endogenous PIP5Ks were examined in the three major salivary glands of young adult mice in situ. In western blotting of normal control glands, immunoreactive bands for individual PIP5Ks were detectable, with the highest density in the parotid gland and the weakest density in the submandibular gland. In immuno‐light microscopy under non‐stimulated condition, weak immunoreactivity for PIP5Kα was confined to the apical plasmalemma in parotid, but not sublingual or submandibular, acinar cells. Immunoreactivity for PIP5Kβ was weak to moderate and confined to ductal cells but not acinar cells, whereas that for PIP5Kγ was selectively and intensely detected in myoepithelial cells but not acinar cells, and it was weak in ductal cells in the three glands. In western blot of the parotid gland stimulated by isoproterenol, a β‐adrenoceptor agonist, no changes were seen in the intensity of immunoreactive bands for any of the PIP5Ks. In contrast, in immuno‐light microscopy, the apical immunoreactivity for PIP5Kα in parotid acinar cells was transiently and distinctly increased after the stimulation. The increased immunoreactivity was ultrastructurally localized on most apical microvilli and along contiguous plasma membrane, where membranous invaginations of various shapes and small vesicles were frequently found. It was thus suggested that PIP5Kα is involved in post‐exocytotic membrane dynamics via microvillous membranes. The present finding further suggests that each of the three isoforms of PIP5K functions through its product PIP2 discretely in different cells of the glands to regulate saliva secretion.
Effects of lidocaine spray for reducing pain during endometrial aspiration biopsy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Piyawetchakarn Ratpaporn , Charoenkwan Kittipat
Published: February 2019

Aim

To examine the effect of lidocaine spray for reducing pain during endometrial aspiration biopsy by comparing it with placebo and no intervention.

Methods

Women undergoing endometrial aspiration biopsy from March 2017 to January 2018 were invited to participate. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups. In group 1 (lidocaine spray), eight puffs (80 mg, 10 mg/puff, 0.8 mL) of 10% lidocaine spray was applied thoroughly to the cervix, 3 min before starting the procedure. For group 2 (placebo spray), 0.8 mL of normal saline spray was applied to the cervix, 3 min before starting the procedure. For group 3 (no intervention), no anesthesia was given. The patients rated their pain according to a 10‐cm visual analog scale at different points including baseline, immediately after the procedure (biopsy pain), and 10 min after the procedure. The 10‐cm visual analog scale on satisfaction was also rated before hospital discharge. Comparison of continuous variables was made by using Kruskal–Wallis test. Chi squared test was used for comparison of categorical variables.

Results

Two hundred and forty patients (80 in each group) participated. The mean baseline, biopsy and postprocedural pain scores were not significantly different among the study groups. Similarly, the mean difference between the biopsy and the baseline pain scores were comparable among the groups. In addition, there was no difference on the satisfaction scores among the groups.

Conclusion

Lidocaine spray applied to the cervix is not effective for reducing pain associated with pipelle endometrial aspiration biopsy.
Multiple primary cancers associated with endometrial and ovarian cancers: An analysis based upon the Japan Autopsy Annual Database from 2002 to 2010
Authors: Miki Yasuhiro , Sugawara Yumi , Shibahara Yukiko , Tsuji Ichiro , Sasano Hironobu , Ito Kiyoshi
Published: February 2019

Aim

A thorough analysis of multiple primary cancers (MPC) could provide important information as to the pathogenesis of human malignancies. Analysis of MPC using clinical databases has been performed, but little has been done using autopsy cases. Therefore, in this study, we first retrospectively analyzed MPC associated with endometrial and ovarian cancers using the Japan Autopsy Annual Database.

Methods

The Japan Autopsy Annual Database from 2002 to 2010 was established by the Japanese Society of Pathology, Tokyo, Japan. Among the 164 211 autopsy cases registered, 9142 were cases of primary cancers.

Results

The patients with endometrial cancer‐associated MPC did have a lower risk of harboring colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–0.89) but had a higher risk of ovarian cancer (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.11–4.71). Those with ovarian cancer‐associated MPC had a lower risk of harboring gallbladder cancer including bile ductal cancer (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27–0.80) but a higher risk of harboring breast (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.20–2.38) and endometrial cancers (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.33–5.20).

Conclusion

Both endogenous and exogenous factors are associated with the incidence of MPC. Results of our present study based on Japanese Autopsy Base first demonstrated that female hormones had a strong influence on the incidence of MPC. This study also demonstrated that the analysis of MPC using an autopsy database could have advantages over clinical database analysis.
Understanding Spatial Ability in Interior Design Education: 2D–to–3D Visualization Proficiency as a Predictor of Design Performance
Authors: Cho Ji Young , Suh Joori
Published: February 2019

Spatial ability—the ability to represent, transform, and manipulate two–dimensional (2D) or three–dimensional (3D) information—is vital in solving everyday problems; however, compared to the well–known role of spatial ability in engineering or science, little is known about its role in interior design performance. In addition, the mismatch of reported male outperformance on general spatial ability tasks and absence of gender difference in design performance prompt questioning on whether interior design requires a specific type of spatial ability that general spatial ability tests may not sufficiently measure. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the details of spatial ability and their relationship with students’ interior design performance. In order to clarify the particular spatial proficiency required for interior design, the following test tools were used: (1) general spatial ability tests and (2) the Architecture and Interior design domain–specific Spatial Ability Test (AISAT), developed for this study. The spatial ability scores of 40 interior design majors at one university in South Korea were compared with the scores they received from three experts on design projects they completed. Results show that (1) 2D–to–3D visualization proficiency on the AISAT correlated with both the originality and three–dimensional quality of the design product, (2) 2D–to–3D visualization proficiency predicted both the originality and 3D quality of the design product, and (3) male outperformance was found only in general spatial ability. Results highlight the necessity to nurture 2D–to–3D visualization proficiency for the improvement of design performance in interior design education.
Educators' Perspectives of Collaboration With Pediatricians to Support Low‐Income Children
Authors: Lemkin Allison , Walls Morgan , Kistin Caroline J. , Bair‐Merritt Megan
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

Educational and healthcare systems operate in silos. Few studies explore educators' perspectives of collaboration with pediatricians or cross‐system solutions for school‐identified concerns. We sought to investigate educators' viewpoints of collaboration with pediatricians.

METHODS

We conducted semistructured, qualitative interviews with full‐time teachers, vice‐principals, and principals, who worked with low‐income first‐ or second‐grade students. Interviews explored which students were concerning to educators, educators' experiences with collaboration, and barriers and facilitators of collaboration. Interview transcripts were analyzed with modified grounded theory.

RESULTS

We interviewed 12 teachers and 3 principals/vice‐principals. Students' socioemotional problems were a foremost concern. Effective collaboration with pediatricians was not typical. Participants described not knowing they could communicate with pediatricians or that collaboration was often limited or unidirectional. Respecting boundaries of parental privacy and maintaining parental trust emerged as potential barriers. Some participants described negative experiences with pediatricians and reflected on societal perceptions of doctors and teachers, which could affect the development of relationships. Participants recognized potential benefits to collaboration, including gaining a holistic understanding of a child's health and home life.

CONCLUSIONS

Educators perceived collaboration with pediatricians as inadequate. More developed and tested programs that foster collaboration between schools and pediatricians are needed to support low‐income youth.
Effect of Mucine 4 and Fucosyltransferase 1 genetic variants on gut homoeostasis of growing healthy pigs
Authors: Luise Diana , Motta Vincenzo , Bertocchi Micol , Salvarani Chiara , Clavenzani Paolo , Fanelli Flaminia , Pagotto Uberto , Bosi Paolo , Trevisi Paolo
Published: February 2019

Putative genetic markers have been associated with ETEC F4 (Mucine 4 [MUC4]; MUC4GG;CG as susceptible; MUC4CC as resistant) and F18 (Fucosyltransferase 1 [FUT1]; FUT1GG;AG as susceptible; FUT1AA as resistant) resistances respectively. In this study, 71 post‐weaning pigs were followed from d0 (35 days old) to d42 (77 days of age) to investigate the effect of MUC4 or FUT1 genotypes on the mid‐jejunal microbiota composition, pigs expression of genes related to inflammation (IL8, GPX2, REG3G, TFF3, CCL20 and LBPI) and glycomic binding pattern profile (Ulex europaeus agglutinin I [UEA] fucose‐binding lectin and peanut agglutinin [PNA] galactose‐specific), and on blood plasma targeted metabolomics profile, faecal score and performance parameters of growing healthy pigs. The MUC4 and FUT1 resistant genotypes improved the pigs’ growth performance and had firmed faecal score susceptible genotypes in d0–d21 period. Pigs with MUC4GG genotype had a higher jejunal expression of genes relate to immune function (CCL20 and REG3G) than MUC4CG and MUC4CC pigs (p < 0.05). MUC4CG pigs had higher expression of TFF3 (implicated in mucosal integrity) than MUC4GG and MUC4CC (p < 0.05). FUT1 influenced the alpha‐ and beta‐jejunal microbial indices. The FUT1AA group had a higher number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Lactobacillus genus, while FUT1GG group had a higher number of OTUs belonging to Veillonella genus. MUC4CC pigs had lower scores for UEA on brush borders and goblet cells in villi than MUC4GG (p < 0.05). FUT1AA pigs had lower UEA positivity and higher PNA positivity on brush borders and goblet cells than FUT1AG and FUT1GG (p < 0.05). Both FUT1 and MUC4 influenced the metabolic profile of healthy pigs. Results highlight the role of MUC4 and FUT1 on pig intestinal homoeostasis and improved the knowledge regarding the potential interaction between host genetics, gut microbiota composition and host metabolism in a healthy status.
Piglet performance and physiological effects linked to reduced glucosinolate transformations in feed products based on rapeseed pressed cakes
Authors: Frandsen Heidi Blok , Jensen Søren Krogh , Maribo Hanne , Markedal Keld Ejdrup , Schmidt Flemming , Sørensen Hilmer , Sørensen Susanne , Sørensen Jens Christian
Published: February 2019

The nutritional quality of rapeseed press cakes (RPCs) in piglet feed is closely linked to its digestibility and the content of glucosinolates. This study investigates the significance of intact glucosinolate (glc) levels and degree of glc transformations on piglets performance. Four different RPCs were made from a low glc (11 µmol/g seed DM) containing B. napus L. seed variety Lioness (RPC‐LW, RPC‐LXW, RPC‐LC, RPC‐LCD). RPC made from the variety Excalibur containing the upper level of glc (24 µmol/g seed DM) of double rapeseed and produced at higher and prolonged temperature (RPC‐UXW) served as negative control, while soya bean protein concentrate served as positive control. Piglets (8 kg) were fed ad libitum diets balanced for RPC protein content, with RPC inclusion of 84–98 g/kg (day 0–14) and 151–178 g/kg (day 15–50). Glc transformation was reduced from 42% to 24% (7.3–4.2 µmol/g RPC) when the temperature input was lowered in the warm pressing of oil, while the glc loss was less pronounced (17%) when cold pressing was applied. The following feed pelleting process further reduced Glc concentration from 11% to 40% in warm‐pressed RPCs and 54 to 85% in cold‐pressed RPCs. The RPC products replaced soya bean protein without any negative effects on performance, except for piglets served cold‐pressed RPC, which had a reduction in average daily weight gain (ADG) (5%–7%, p < 0.05, Day 15–50). RPC in the feed led to increased liver weight in all piglets (p = 0.026). This may point at long‐term effects from feeding with RPC. Intestinal absorption of intact glcs was proven by their detection in urine. In conclusion, warm‐pressed RPC can be used as feed for piglet, while the presence of active myrosinase may have a negative effect on performance and cakes should either be included in lower amounts than used in the present study (18%) or include myrosinase inactivation before use.
Uptake kinetics and storage capacity of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and corresponding dissolved inorganic nitrate uptake in Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Lubsch Alexander , Timmermans Klaas R.
Published: February 2019

Uptake rates of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and dissolved inorganic nitrogen under unsaturated and saturated conditions were studied in young sporophytes of the seaweeds Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) using a “pulse‐and‐chase” assay under fully controlled laboratory conditions. In a subsequent second “pulse‐and‐chase” assay, internal storage capacity (ISC) was calculated based on VM and the parameter for photosynthetic efficiency Fv/Fm. Sporophytes of S. latissima showed a VS of 0.80 ± 0.03 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 and a VM of 0.30 ± 0.09 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 for dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), whereas VS for DIN was 11.26 ± 0.56 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 and VM was 3.94 ± 0.67 μmol · cm−2 · d−1. In L. digitata, uptake kinetics for DIP and DIN were substantially lower: VS for DIP did not exceed 0.38 ± 0.03 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 while VM for DIP was 0.22 ± 0.01 μmol · cm−2 · d−1. VS for DIN was 3.92 ± 0.08 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 and the VM for DIN was 1.81 ± 0.38 μmol · cm−2 · d−1. Accordingly, S. latissima exhibited a larger ISC for DIP (27 μmol · cm−2) than L. digitata (10 μmol · cm−2), and was able to maintain high growth rates for a longer period under limiting DIP conditions. Our standardized data add to the physiological understanding of S. latissima and L. digitata, thus helping to identify potential locations for their cultivation. This could further contribute to the development and modification of applications in a bio‐based economy, for example, in evaluating the potential for bioremediation in integrated multitrophic aquacultures that produce biomass simultaneously for use in the food, feed, and energy industries.
Absence From Work, Sick Pay and Positional Consumption Concerns
Authors: Goerke Laszlo
Published: February 2019

We analyse labour supply and absence from work choices, assuming that individual preferences exhibit relative consumption concerns. We show that contractual hours and the length of absence periods may vary equally with the strength of positional considerations. In this case, positional concerns do not affect their difference, i.e. overall or effective working time. Moreover, the nature and intensity of relative consumption effects influence the impact of sick pay and of true illness periods on contractual work hours and absence behaviour. Consequently, the profitability of employing individuals also varies with the strength of their positional concerns.
Association between antibiotic treatment during pregnancy and infancy and the development of allergic diseases
Authors: Metzler Stefanie , Frei Remo , Schmaußer‐Hechfellner Elisabeth , von Mutius Erika , Pekkanen Juha , Karvonen Anne M. , Kirjavainen Pirkka V. , Dalphin Jean‐Charles , Divaret‐Chauveau Amandine , Riedler Josef , Lauener Roger , Roduit Caroline ,   on behalf of the PASTURE/EFRAIM study group
Published: February 2019

Background

Allergies are a serious public health issue, and prevalences are rising worldwide. The role of antibiotics in the development of allergies has repeatedly been discussed, as results remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pre‐ and post‐natal antibiotic exposure and subsequent development of allergies (atopic dermatitis, food allergy, asthma, atopic sensitization and allergic rhinitis).

Methods

A total of 1080 children who participated in a European birth cohort study (PASTURE) were included in this analysis. Data on antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and/or first year of life and allergic diseases were collected by questionnaires from pregnancy up to 6 years of age and analysed by performing logistic regressions. To take into account reverse causation, we included models, where children with diagnosis or symptoms of the respective disease in the first year of life were excluded.

Results

Antibiotic exposure in utero was significantly and positively associated with atopic dermatitis and food allergy. The strongest effect was on diseases with onset within the first year of life (for atopic dermatitis: aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11‐2.48 and for food allergy: aOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.22‐7.47). Antibiotics in the first year of life were positively associated with atopic dermatitis up to 4 years (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.66‐4.49) and also suggested a dose‐response relationship. A tendency was observed with asthma between 3 and 6 years (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 0.95‐2.86).

Conclusions

Our findings show positive associations between exposure to antibiotics and allergies, mainly atopic dermatitis and food allergy within the first year of life, after prenatal exposure, and atopic dermatitis and asthma after post‐natal exposure to antibiotics in children born in rural settings.
‘You should always look at the washing machine without actually being in it!’ Thematic framework analysis of patients’ understanding of transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy and its mechanisms
Authors: Sighvatsson Magnus Blondahl , Salkovskis Paul M. , Sigurdsson Engilbert , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis B. , Thorsdottir Fanney , Sigurdsson Jon Fridrik
Published: February 2019

Objective

Transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy (TCBT) is an efficacious treatment for anxiety and depression, but its mechanisms of change remain poorly understood. The current study used thematic framework analysis to analyse how patients, recruited in a recent trial on transdiagnostic group CBT (TGCBT), understood the treatment and its mechanisms.

Design

Cross‐sectional thematic framework analysis.

Method

The sample included 24 participants suffering from anxiety and/or depression, divided into two groups by treatment efficacy (i.e., group doing well and group doing not so well) in order to evaluate whether different understandings of the treatment affected its efficacy. The participants were interviewed and completed self‐report measures. They were encouraged to discuss what they believed to be helpful and unhelpful in the TGCBT and what they believed to be the mechanisms of change in the treatment. Each interview was recorded, transcribed verbatim and themes were identified.

Results

The analysis revealed four overarching themes and 18 subthemes. The overarching themes were as follows: Cognitive and behavioural flexibility, Awareness/understanding of symptoms and triggers, Therapeutic alliance and engagement, and finally Attitudes towards treatment. Four of the 18 subthemes corresponded to a differentiation between the groups: Cognitive flexibility and Comparison with others in the group on the one hand and Cognitive inflexibility and Negative attitudes towards treatment on the other.

Conclusion

The most important difference between the groups appeared to be CBT‐specific, that is, cognitive flexibility that characterized the group doing well where thematic analysis did not indicate that other themes were important.

Practitioner points

Findings

The analysis revealed four overarching themes and 18 subthemes, four of which corresponded to the difference between the two groups of participants based on treatment efficacy.

The four differentiating subthemes were cognitive flexibility and comparison with others, which characterized the group doing well, and cognitive inflexibility and negative attitude towards treatment, which characterized the group doing less well.

The theme evaluated as the most important for the efficacy of the transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy and patients’ understanding of the treatment was cognitive flexibility, which characterized the group doing well.

Limitations

Use of qualitative methodology restricts the generalizability of our results.

Data are built on answers from only 24 participants.
Altered upright face recognition and presence of face inversion effect in temporal lobe epilepsy: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Mogi Taichi , Tsunoda Tomoya , Yoshino Aihide
Published: February 2019

Aim

Facial recognition can be assessed by examining an event‐related potential component, namely the N170. The amplitude of the N170 is larger in response to inverted faces than to upright faces. To examine facial processing in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), we investigated the amplitude of the N170, the face inversion effect, and the association between social functioning and face‐specific configuration processing.

Methods

Sixteen patients with TLE and 17 normal controls (NC) participated in this study. Event‐related potentials in response to upright or inverted neutral faces and bicycles were recorded. Social functioning was assessed by the socioeconomic status of the participants using the 5‐point Hollingshead–Redlich Scale.

Results

Compared with NC, patients with TLE had decreased N170 amplitudes. The inversion effect was observed for face stimuli in both groups; however, no inversion effect was observed for bicycle stimuli. Additionally, in TLE patients, but not in NC, socioeconomic status was significantly correlated with the N170 amplitudes in response to upright faces.

Conclusion

In a social context, upright faces are processed as a whole. This process is impaired in TLE. Conversely, inverted faces are processed analytically. This function is normal in TLE. Abnormal face‐specific configuration processing may contribute to lower social functioning in TLE.
Immunogenicity and side‐effects of the inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis patients
Authors: Maritsi Despoina N , Syrmou Areti , Vartzelis George , Diamantopoulos Stavros , Tsolia Maria N
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the immunogenicity and side‐effects of hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination between periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) patients and healthy controls who have not been previously exposed to HAV. A prospective observational study was carried out of 28 PFAPA patients and 76 controls who received two doses of the vaccine. Immunogenicity was expressed as seroconversion and seroprotection rates; mean HAV‐immunoglobulin G concentration was measured at 0, 1, 7 and 18 months. Side‐effects were defined as incidence of adverse events and the effect of vaccination on PFAPA symptoms. All participants were seronegative and seroconverted at 1 month. One month after primary vaccination, 92.9% of PFAPA patients and 77.6% of the controls attained seroprotection, while the rates increased to 100% and 96.1%, respectively, 1 month after the second dose. Seroprotection rates remained adequate 1 year after completion of vaccination. In conclusion, two doses of the inactivated HAV vaccine are well‐tolerated and effective in children with PFAPA.
What is phenomenology of religion? (Part I): The study of religious phenomena
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M.
Published: February 2019

Phenomenology of religion can refer to three distinct groups of phenomenological projects reflecting on religion. The term is used in the field of religious studies to designate the search for patterns of religious experiences or practices across traditions and to the methodology that shows religion to be a unique human experience deserving its own field of study. Philosophical phenomenology in the Husserlian tradition also engages religious questions at times. Finally, there is a group of contemporary French philosophers who advocate a phenomenology of religious experience. The first two groups are examined in this article and the third in the sequel. For the first group, the article briefly considers the projects of Rudolf Otto, Mircea Eliade, Brede Kristensen, and Gerardus van der Leeuw, as well as their contemporary interpreters in the field of religious studies. As representative of the second approach, the article considers Max Scheler, Edith Stein, and Gerda Walther as well as commenting briefly on the contemporary work of Natalie Depraz and Anthony Steinbock.
Developing educational modules to enhance care of aged and dying inmates: Set‐up phase
Authors: Kitt‐Lewis Erin , Loeb Susan J. , Myers Valerie H. , Wion Rachel K. , Baney Brenda , Strickfaden Sophia
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this article is to explain the strategies used in the “Set‐up” phase of developing computer‐based education on the care and management of incarcerated people who are older and/or dying. Public health nurses have an opportunity to support efforts in educating corrections staff to enhance health care for older and dying inmates. Such endeavors can promote social justice through inmates receiving evidence‐based care that parallels that received by the community at large. “Set‐up” is the first of four phases in the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Framework for Going to Full Scale. Our design approach was threefold and included an environmental scan, a modified Delphi survey, and a usability study. An expert advisory board was consulted throughout the Set‐up Phase. Participants for the Delphi Survey had expertise in geriatrics and corrections health care. Usability testing was conducted at two State Correctional Institutions. The Delphi Survey consisted of three Qualtrics surveys. Usability testing examined navigability; detected problems; observed time spent solving problems; identified problem severity; and developed recovery strategies. The Set‐up established proof of concept, three prototype modules, and a specifications document to guide future programming. In addition, a Technology Niche Analyses® provided a preliminary commercialization plan (NIH, 2017). The Set‐up phase has been instrumental in exposing the available infrastructure for dissemination of an educational product within corrections and may be a first step in addressing public health concerns on issues in aging. Commercial feasibility of the program and the need for continued research for Developing the Scalable Unit were established.
The influence of rising tropospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on plant productivity
Authors: Ainsworth E. A. , Lemonnier P. , Wedow J. M.
Published: February 2019

Human activities result in a wide array of pollutants being released to the atmosphere. A number of these pollutants have direct effects on plants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the substrate for photosynthesis, and ozone (O3), a damaging oxidant. How plants respond to changes in these atmospheric air pollutants, both directly and indirectly, feeds back on atmospheric composition and climate, global net primary productivity and ecosystem service provisioning. Here we discuss the past, current and future trends in emissions of CO2 and O3 and synthesise the current atmospheric CO2 and O3 budgets, describing the important role of vegetation in determining the atmospheric burden of those pollutants. While increased atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past 150 years has been accompanied by greater CO2 assimilation and storage in terrestrial ecosystems, there is evidence that rising temperatures and increased drought stress may limit the ability of future terrestrial ecosystems to buffer against atmospheric emissions. Long‐term Free Air CO2 or O3 Enrichment (FACE) experiments provide critical experimentation about the effects of future CO2 and O3 on ecosystems, and highlight the important interactive effects of temperature, nutrients and water supply in determining ecosystem responses to air pollution. Long‐term experimentation in both natural and cropping systems is needed to provide critical empirical data for modelling the effects of air pollutants on plant productivity in the decades to come.
Pollination ecology of the Neotropical gesneriad Gloxinia perennis: chemical composition and temporal fluctuation of floral perfume
Authors: Martel C. , Gerlach G. , Ayasse M. , Milet‐Pinheiro P.
Published: February 2019

Although common among orchids, pollination by perfume‐gathering male euglossine bees is quite rare in other Neotropical families. In Gesneriaceae, for example, it is reported in two genera only, Drymonia and Gloxinia. Flowers of G. perennis are known to emit perfume, thereby attracting male euglossine bees as pollinators. However, detailed reports on the pollination ecology, as well as on chemistry of floral perfume of individuals in natural populations, are still missing. In this study, we report on the pollination ecology of G. perennis, focusing on the ecological significance of its floral perfume.

In natural populations in Peru, we documented the floral biology and breeding system of G. perennis, as well as its interaction with flower visitors. We also characterised the chemical composition of floral perfume, as well as its timing of emission.

Gloxinia perennis is self‐compatible and natural pollination success is high. Spontaneous self‐pollination occurs as a ‘just in case strategy’ when pollinators are scarce. Perfume‐collecting males of Eulaema cingulata and El. meriana were identified as pollinators. The perfume bouquet of G. perennis consists of 16 compounds. (E)‐Carvone epoxide (41%) and limonene (23%) are the major constituents. Perfume emission is higher at 09:00 h, matching the activity peak of Eulaema pollinators.

Flowers of G. perennis have evolved a mixed strategy to ensure pollination (i.e. self‐ and cross‐pollination), but cross‐pollination is favoured. The size and behaviour of Eulaema males enables only these bees to successfully cross‐pollinate G. perennis. Furthermore, G. perennis floral perfume traits (i.e. chemistry and timing of emission) have evolved to optimise the attraction of these bees.
The power and limits of institutions in altering the racial hierarchy of the United States: A new lens on the history of school desegregation
Authors: McNeill Shelby M. , Rowley Kristie J.
Published: February 2019

This article frames the history of school desegregation within the broader topic of the ability of institutions to generate shifts in macro‐level racial hierarchies. Utilizing the vast social science literature on the history of school desegregation, we specifically examine the level of involvement required from all three branches of the United States federal government to desegregate public schools. We argue that aggressive and repeated involvement was required from the United States federal government, including the Supreme Court, President, federal law enforcement agencies, and Congress, to desegregate public schools, thereby demonstrating the intense commitment needed from institutions to alter racial hierarchies. However, because most formerly desegregated public schools experienced rapid resegregation after declining involvement from the federal government, we also conclude that alterations to racial structures are unlikely to be maintained without continual force from institutions.