bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates in the riverbed of an intermittent river: parallels and contrasts in community organisation
Authors: Corti Roland , Datry Thibault
Published: November 2015

Although intermittent rivers (IRs) are coupled aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, their constituent communities are generally considered separately by ecologists. Yet, both communities are disturbed by alternating flowing and dry phases. IRs are thus good systems in which to explore the parallels and contrasts in community organisation in response to disturbance, and gain understanding in the drivers of these responses.

We compared the structure and composition of aquatic and terrestrial communities in the Albarine River, France. We collected aquatic and/or terrestrial invertebrates in the riverbed and adjacent riparian zone at four intermittent reaches and aquatic invertebrates in the riverbed at three perennial reaches over 1 year.

A total of 175 taxa were collected at intermittent reaches, including 62 aquatic and 113 terrestrial taxa, contrasting with the low biodiversity generally associated with IRs.

Aquatic and terrestrial communities were mainly subsets of those in perennial reaches and in the riparian zone, respectively, indicating that the riverbed of intermittent reaches is strongly linked to perennial reaches and the riparian zone by dispersal.

Total taxonomic richness in the riverbed (i.e. γ diversity) of intermittent reaches was mainly due to among‐reach variation for terrestrial invertebrates, but to within‐reach variation for aquatic invertebrates. For both communities, among‐reach dissimilarity was mainly due to spatial turnover rather than community nestedness. Spatial turnover was higher for terrestrial communities than for aquatic communities.

Our results indicate that aquatic and terrestrial communities have different organisation patterns in this intermittent river; probably in response to the contrasting spatial arrangements of colonist sources. Heterogeneous sources of terrestrial colonists along the riparian zone compared to more homogeneous sources of aquatic colonists from perennial reaches could explain the relative contribution of nestedness versus turnover.
Effects of 6‐meals‐a‐day feeding and 6‐meals‐a‐day feeding combined with adrenalectomy on daily gene expression rhythms in rat epididymal white adipose tissue
Authors: Su Yan , Foppen Ewout , Zhang Zhi , Fliers Eric , Kalsbeek Andries
Published: November 2015

The master clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is assumed to synchronize the tissue‐specific rhythms of the peripheral clocks with the environmental day/night changes via neural, humoral and/or behavioral connections. The feeding rhythm is considered an important Zeitgeber for peripheral clocks, as daytime feeding reverses (clock) gene rhythms in the periphery, but not in the SCN. In this study, we investigated the necessity of a daily feeding rhythm for maintaining gene expression rhythms in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). We showed that 7 of 9 rhythmic metabolic/adipokine genes, but not clock genes, lost their rhythmicity upon exposure to 6‐meals‐a‐day feeding. Previously, we showed comparable effects of adrenalectomy on eWAT; therefore, subsequently we investigated the effect of simultaneous disruption of these humoral and behavioral signaling pathways, by exposing adrenalectomized animals to 6‐meals‐a‐day feeding. Interestingly, under these conditions, all the clock genes and 10 of 11 rhythmic metabolic/adipokine genes lost their rhythmicity. These data indicate that adrenal hormones and feeding rhythm are indispensable for maintaining daily rhythms in metabolic/adipokine gene, but not clock gene, expression in eWAT. In contrast, at least one of these two signals should be present in order for eWAT clock gene rhythms to be maintained.
Insecticide imidacloprid influences cognitive functions and alters learning performance and related gene expression in a rat model
Authors: Kara Murat , Yumrutas Onder , Demir Caner F. , Ozdemir Hasan Huseyin , Bozgeyik Ibrahim , Coskun Salih , Eraslan Ersen , Bal Ramazan
Published: November 2015

The potential toxic effects of several pesticides, including imidacloprid on non‐target organisms have not been clearly established. Also, the chronic effects of non‐toxic doses on cognitive function in mammals are unknown. In this study, the effects of different doses of imidacloprid on learning and memory of infant and adult rats were evaluated, and the expressions of genes synthesizing proteins known to be associated with learning in brain tissues were also documented. 0.5, 2 and 8 mg/kg doses of imidacloprid were administered to newborn infant and adult Wistar albino rats by gavage. Their learning activities were evaluated, and the expression levels of the inotropic glutamate receptor GRIN1, synoptophysin, growth‐associated protein 43 and the muscarinic receptor M1 in hippocampus were determined by real‐time PCR method. Learning activities were diminished significantly at 2 and 8 mg/kg doses in the infant model groups and at 8 mg/kg dose in adult rats. Also, expression levels of GRIN1, SYP and GAP‐43 were found to be insignificantly altered. Only the expression of M1 were significantly changed in high doses of adult group. Thus imidacloprid in high doses causes deterioration in cognitive functions particularly in infant rats, and this deterioration may be associated with changes in the expressions of related genes.
Redefining retirement: age equality and the rise of performance management
Authors: Williams Glynne , Beck Vanessa
Published: November 2015

How do individuals retire when there is no default retirement age? The changes to the retirement regulations were aimed at extending individual choice, but with the use of performance management, employers have a new tool with which to control the time and manner of retirement. Employees who fail to perform as required are now to be ‘managed out’. Therefore, retirement needs to be treated as an outcome of workplace employment relations with consequences for all age groups.
Real‐time mobile teledermoscopy for skin cancer screening targeting an agricultural population: an experiment on 289 patients in France
Authors: Hue L. , Makhloufi S. , Sall N'Diaye P. , Blanchet‐Bardon C. , Sulimovic L. , Pomykala F. , Colomb M. , Baccard M. , Lassau F. , Reuter G. , Keller F. , Fite C. , Triller R. , Crémieux A.C.
Published: November 2015

Background

The incidence of skin cancer has reached epidemic proportions in the white population and is significantly elevated in agricultural populations, who are exposed to ultraviolet radiation during their professional activities. In 2014, the Agricultural Social Insurance Mutual Benefit Fund (MSA) offered its customers who work in agriculture and live in rural areas with reduced access to dermatologists the ability to participate in a 1‐day teledermoscopic (TDS) screening event.

Objective

This study's aim was to assess the feasibility of real‐time mobile TDS triage of a large number of agricultural workers by trained medical officers and occupational physicians.

Methods

Fifteen TDS screening centres were located in different areas of France. Individuals older than 18 years who worked in agriculture and lived in rural area near a TDS screening centre were invited to participate in a 1‐day screening event and were examined by an MSA physician. In cases of suspicious skin lesions, clinical and dermoscopic images were obtained and transferred immediately to four dermatologists who were simultaneously present at the tele‐platform for diagnosis and decision‐making. Low‐quality images were retaken.

Results

Two‐hundred eighty‐nine patients underwent skin cancer screening. Among 199 patients (69%), 390 suspicious lesions were identified and generated 412 pictures. All lesions were analysed by dermatologists. For 105 patients (53%), no follow‐up was required. Seventeen patients were referred to local dermatologists for rapid examination, including 12 cases of suspected malignant melanocytic lesions. Among the 12 patients with suspected melanoma, face‐to‐face visits were conducted within 10 days for 11 of them, and 1 case of melanoma was confirmed by histopathology.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that teledermoscopy performed in the context of occupational medicine and targeted to agricultural populations is feasible and could be useful for improving skin cancer screening in at‐risk populations while avoiding face‐to‐face examinations by a dermatologist in 53% of cases.
Double checking: a second look
Authors: Hewitt Tanya , Chreim Samia , Forster Alan
Published: November 2015

Rationale, aims and objectives

Double checking is a standard practice in many areas of health care, notwithstanding the lack of evidence supporting its efficacy. We ask in this study: ‘How do front line practitioners conceptualize double checking? What are the weaknesses of double checking? What alternate views of double checking could render it a more robust process?’

Method

This is part of a larger qualitative study based on 85 semi‐structured interviews of health care practitioners in general internal medicine and obstetrics and neonatology; thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews was undertaken. Inductive and deductive themes are reported.

Results

Weaknesses in the double checking process include inconsistent conceptualization of double checking, double (or more) checking as a costly and time‐consuming procedure, double checking trusted as an accepted and stand‐alone process, and double checking as preventing reporting of near misses. Alternate views of double checking that would render it a more robust process include recognizing that double checking requires training and a dedicated environment, Introducing automated double checking, and expanding double checking beyond error detection. These results are linked with the concepts of collective efficiency thoroughness trade off (ETTO), an in‐family approach, and resilience.

Conclusion(s)

Double checking deserves more questioning, as there are limitations to the process. Practitioners could view double checking through alternate lenses, and thus help strengthen this ubiquitous practice that is rarely challenged.
Evaluating the Use of a Carbon Footprint Calculator: Communicating Impacts of Consumption at Household Level and Exploring Mitigation Options
Authors: West Sarah E. , Owen Anne , Axelsson Katarina , West Chris D.
Published: November 2015

Through an increasingly globalized supply chain, local consumption of goods and services has impacts around the world. The carbon footprint can be used to link local consumption to global greenhouse gas emissions. This study describes the development and use of REAP Petite, a household‐level footprint calculator. We describe how the tool integrates geodemographic information with user‐inputted data; allows users to compare their footprint with others in their community; and presents them with targeted pledges to help them reduce their impact. Such tools can help individuals to see the impact their consumption has on emissions and help promote alternative behaviors. Based on the lessons learned during tool development and through using the tool with individuals in the UK and Sweden, we make recommendations for the development of new footprinting tools for use in the public domain. We highlight the benefits of using bottom‐up methods for calculating footprints; recommend that designers consider future‐proofing their tools; discuss the trade‐off between complexity and usability; and recommend that designers consider going “beyond carbon” to increase the appeal of tools to a wider audience. We also highlight the importance of providing opportunity for users to compare their footprints with those of others and of monitoring and evaluating user engagement with the tool.
Working Capital Management, the Credit Crisis, and Hedging Strategies: Canadian Evidence
Authors: Kieschnick Robert , Rotenberg Wendy
Published: November 2015

This study uses a sample of Canadian natural resource firms during the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2007–2008 to examine the influence of firm hedging strategies on their working capital management. Our evidence implies that increased cash holdings and derivatives are alternative ways of hedging risk, and also provides another perspective on the U.S. “trapped cash” controversy as our sample firms are not R&D intensive and do not face the same tax regime as U.S. multinationals.
Integrated Reading and Writing Interventions for Students with Learning Disabilities: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kang Eun Young , McKenna John William , Arden Sarah , Ciullo Stephen
Published: November 2015

In this systematic review of literature that spans 1975–2015, integrated reading and writing interventions for students with learning disabilities (LD) or students with academic difficulties were evaluated to understand the extant research, identify encouraging practices, and guide future research. Ten studies met inclusion criteria and each study was evaluated according to the relevant What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) design standards. Eight of the 10 investigations were conducted with students in grades 4–8. While only 4 of the 10 studies met WWC design with or without reservations, results from these studies are encouraging. Study findings suggest several areas for immediate future research relating to methodological and treatment variables and considerations for classroom instruction in order to respond to advanced expectations for the successful integration of reading and writing across subjects. In addition to employing stronger experimental designs and additional replications of encouraging studies, future research should explore the utility of integrated reading and writing interventions with secondary students with who have academic difficulties.
The volatile 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one from Trichoderma atroviride regulates Arabidopsis thaliana root morphogenesis via auxin signaling and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 functioning
Authors: Garnica‐Vergara Amira , Barrera‐Ortiz Salvador , Muñoz‐Parra Edith , Raya‐González Javier , Méndez‐Bravo Alejandro , Macías‐Rodríguez Lourdes , Ruiz‐Herrera León Francisco , López‐Bucio José
Published: November 2015

Plants interact with root microbes via chemical signaling, which modulates competence or symbiosis. Although several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fungi may affect plant growth and development, the signal transduction pathways mediating VOC sensing are not fully understood.

6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (6‐PP) is a major VOC biosynthesized by Trichoderma spp. which is probably involved in plant–fungus cross‐kingdom signaling. Using microscopy and confocal imaging, the effects of 6‐PP on root morphogenesis were found to be correlated with DR5:GFP, DR5:VENUS, H2B::GFP, PIN1::PIN1::GFP, PIN2::PIN2::GFP, PIN3::PIN3::GFP and PIN7::PIN7::GFP gene expression. A genetic screen for primary root growth resistance to 6‐PP in wild‐type seedlings and auxin‐ and ethylene‐related mutants allowed identification of genes controlling root architectural responses to this metabolite.

Trichoderma atroviride produced 6‐PP, which promoted plant growth and regulated root architecture, inhibiting primary root growth and inducing lateral root formation. 6‐PP modulated expression of PIN auxin‐transport proteins in a specific and dose‐dependent manner in primary roots. TIR1, AFB2 and AFB3 auxin receptors and ARF7 and ARF19 transcription factors influenced the lateral root response to 6‐PP, whereas EIN2 modulated 6‐PP sensing in primary roots.

These results indicate that root responses to 6‐PP involve components of auxin transport and signaling and the ethylene‐response modulator EIN2.
Centralization of cleft care in the UK. Part 6: a tale of two studies
Authors: Ness A. R. , Wills A. K. , Waylen A. , Al‐Ghatam R. , Jones T. E. M. , Preston R. , Ireland A. J. , Persson M. , Smallridge J. , Hall A. J. , Sell D. , Sandy J. R.
Published: November 2015

Structured Abstract

Objectives

We summarize and critique the methodology and outcomes from a substantial study which has investigated the impact of reconfigured cleft care in the United Kingdom (UK) 15 years after the UK government started to implement the centralization of cleft care in response to an earlier survey in 1998, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG).

Setting and Sample Population

A UK multicentre cross‐sectional study of 5‐year‐olds born with non‐syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. Data were collected from children born in the UK with a unilateral cleft lip and palate between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2007.

Materials and Methods

We discuss and contextualize the outcomes from speech recordings, hearing, photographs, models, oral health and psychosocial factors in the current study. We refer to the earlier survey and other relevant studies.

Results

We present arguments for centralization of cleft care in healthcare systems, and we evidence this with improvements seen over a period of 15 years in the UK. We also make recommendations on how future audit and research may configure.

Conclusions

Outcomes for children with a unilateral cleft lip and palate have improved after the introduction of a centralized multidisciplinary service, and other countries may benefit from this model. Predictors of early outcomes are still needed, and repeated cross‐sectional studies, larger longitudinal studies and adequately powered trials are required to create a research‐led evidence‐based (centralized) service.
Gastric leiomyoma in a child with Gorlin–Goltz syndrome: First pediatric case
Authors: Virgone Calogero , Decker Emily , Mitton Sally G. , Mansour Sahar , Giuliani Stefano
Published: November 2015

Gorlin–Goltz syndrome (GGS), also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (MIM 109 400), is a rare genetic condition with a prevalence between 1/56 000 and 1/256 000. Clinical presentation is usually characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic jaw keratocysts, palmar or plantar pitting and skeletal anomalies. It is furthermore associated with the development of various tumors beside basal cell carcinoma, among which medulloblastoma is the most frequent. Increased incidence of other mesenchymal neoplasms, however, is also well known: recently the first adult case of gastric leiomyoma in GGS was reported, and the inclusion of “fibromas and leiomyomas of other organs” in the minor criteria for the diagnosis was suggested. We report the first case of a pediatric patient with GGS who also developed a gastric leiomyoma: the present case illustrates the need for this change to the diagnostic criteria to encompass the highly variable presentations and phenotype in GGS.
Health Promotion Can Postpone Frailty: Results from the RCT Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone
Authors: Behm Lina , Eklund Kajsa , Wilhelmson Katarina , Zidén Lena , Gustafsson Susanne , Falk Kristin , Dahlin‐Ivanoff Synneve
Published: November 2015

Objective

Very old persons (80+) are often described as “frail”, implying that they are particularly vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone was designed to determine whether a preventive home visit or multiprofessional senior group meetings could postpone deterioration in frailty if the intervention is carried out when the person is not so frail.

Design and Sample

The study was a RCT with follow‐ups at 1 and 2 years. A total of 459 persons (80+), still living at home, were included. Participants were independent in activities of daily life and cognitively intact.

Measures

Frailty was measured in two complementary ways, with the sum of eight frailty indicators and with the Mob‐T Scale measuring tiredness in daily activities.

Results

Both interventions showed favorable effects in postponing the progression of frailty measured as tiredness in daily activities for up to 1 year. However, neither of the two interventions was effective in postponing frailty measured with the sum of frailty indicators.

Conclusions

The results in this study show the potential of health promotion to older persons. The multiprofessional approach, including a broad spectrum of information and knowledge, might have been an important factor contributing to a more positive view of aging.
Legal Certainty and Correctness
Authors: Alexy Robert
Published: November 2015

What is the relation between legal certainty and correctness? This question poses one of the perpetual problems of the theory and practice of law—and for this reason: The answer turns on the main question in legal philosophy, the question of the concept and the nature of law. Thus, in an initial step, I will briefly look at the concept and the nature of law. In a second step, I will attempt to explain what the concept and the nature of law, thus understood, imply for the relation between legal certainty and correctness. Here three issues will be considered: first, the Radbruch formula as an answer to the problem of extreme injustice; second, the special case thesis, which claims that legal argumentation is a special case of general practical argumentation; and, third, the problem of the judicial development of the law.
The Legality of Self‐Constitution
Authors: Hanisch Christoph
Published: November 2015

An influential strand in recent action‐theory employs constitutivist arguments in order to present accounts of individual agency and practical identity (and of the normative requirements that are constitutive of these phenomena). I argue for an extension of this framework into the interpersonal realm, and suggest using it to reassess issues in jurisprudence. A legal system is an instantiation of the solution to the inescapable tasks of self‐constituting action and identity‐formation in the presence of other agents. Law's validity and normativity can be enlightened when the constitutivist approach considers the external prerequisites of individuals' self‐conceptionsquaagents. More specifically, this argumentative strategy allows a reassessment of Fuller's “internal morality of law.” Whereas,paceFuller, morally substantive conclusions cannot be derived from formal criteria of legality, there are unconditional normative requirements that constrain law.
From Domestic to Global? Recent Trends in Environmental Liability from a Multi‐level and Comparative Law Perspective
Authors: Orlando Emanuela
Published: November 2015

The law of environmental liability has already been the object of several comparative endeavours. This article seeks to bring a different perspective to the debate, by examining selected developments in the field through the lens of the emerging global environmental law scholarship. It brings the comparative method of analysis into a multi‐level context with a view to identifying the emergence of common legal responses to the problem of liability and reparation for environmental harm across different jurisdictions and regulatory levels. The analysis will focus on a ‘novel’ set of environmental liability regimes, which specifically address damage to the environment and to natural resources, as distinct from more traditional categories of damage to property and other individual rights arising as a consequence of environmental pollution. These include: the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and the Oil Pollution Act, which constitute a pioneering attempt to envisage a public‐law‐oriented system of liability and restoration for damage to natural resources; the European Union Environmental Liability Directive; and selected, recent international treaty developments. The article argues that, while adopted within different legal orders and regulatory contexts, these environmental liability regimes share common features, which correspond to the ontological aspects of environmental damage and ultimately reflect a common understanding of the environment as a global public good.
Impact of COPD and emphysema on survival of patients with lung cancer: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Gao Yong‐hua , Guan Wei‐jie , Liu Qi , Wang Hua‐qi , Zhu Ya‐nan , Chen Rong‐chang , Zhang Guo‐jun
Published: November 2015

Both COPD and emphysema are associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, but the impacts of these comorbidities on lung cancer prognosis are still unclear. Herein, we conducted a meta‐analysis to clarify whether the presence of these comorbidities indicates poor survival in patients with lung cancer. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ASCO Abstracts and Cochrane library for articles published before 1 June 2015. Papers referenced by the obtained articles were also reviewed. Main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients with lung cancer. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random‐effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Of 58 full texts reviewed, 26 met our inclusion criteria that were derived from 21 and seven studies examining the impacts of COPD and emphysema on survival of lung cancer, respectively. Meta‐analyses revealed that concomitant COPD was associated with poorer OS (HR, 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10–1.25, n = 20), which was independent of tumour staging, diagnostic criteria of COPD or location, and DFS (HR, 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04–2.23, n = 6) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 78%). The presence of emphysema in patients with lung cancer predicted worse OS (HR, 1.66; 95% CI: 1.25–2.22, n = 7), but not poorer DFS. The presence of COPD and emphysema are robust predictors of poor survival in patients with lung cancer. Early detection of these diseases should be taken into account for lung cancer surveillance and management.
Protozoal nodular dermatitis and panniculitis in a Rottweiler puppy caused by Caryospora bigenetica
Authors: Tham Heng L. , Linder Keith E. , Tucker Alison , Maggi Ricardo , Bizikova Petra
Published: November 2015

Background

Caryospora bigenetica is an intracellular protozoan parasite in snakes and raptors (primary hosts) and rodents (secondary host). Experimental infection has been documented in mice, pigs and goats; natural infection in dogs is rare.

Objectives

To describe the clinical presentation, histological features, treatment and outcome of a case of protozoal nodular dermatitis and panniculitis in a Rottweiler puppy caused by C. bigenetica.

Results

The puppy presented with generalized subcutaneous nodules measuring up to 2 cm in diameter. Histopathology revealed marked suppurative to pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis with intralesional protozoal organism. PCR and DNA sequencing confirmed infection with C. bigenetica. Treatment with a combination of oral trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMS), pyrimethamine and high‐dose clindamycin (20 mg/kg twice daily) resulted in resolution of lesions in 6 weeks. Discontinuation of the treatment 2 weeks later was followed by a rapid relapse of skin lesions. Clindamycin and TMS were restarted and all lesions resolved within 2 weeks; TMS was discontinued 4 weeks later due to adverse effects. The lesions remained in remission for 2 months while the puppy received clindamycin monotherapy before a second relapse of skin lesions occurred.

Conclusion and clinical importance

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documentation of the treatment and outcome of C. bigenetica cutaneous infection in a dog. Although remission of clinical signs can be achieved with combination therapy of clindamycin and TMS, long‐term management is challenging and relapses should be anticipated.
Extended Divide-and-Conquer Algorithm for Uncertainty Analysis of Multibody Systems in Polynomial Chaos Expansion Framework
Authors: Poursina Mohammad
Published: November 2015

In this paper, an advanced algorithm is presented to efficiently form and solve the equations of motion of multibody problems involving uncertainty in the system parameters and/or excitations. Uncertainty is introduced to the system through the application of polynomial chaos expansion (PCE). In this scheme, states of the system, nondeterministic parameters, and constraint loads are projected onto the space of specific orthogonal base functions through modal values. Computational complexity of traditional methods of forming and solving the resulting governing equations drastically grows as a cubic function of the size of the nondeterministic system which is significantly larger than the original deterministic multibody problem. In this paper, the divide-and-conquer algorithm (DCA) will be extended to form and solve the nondeterministic governing equations of motion avoiding the construction of the mass and Jacobian matrices of the entire system. In this strategy, stochastic governing equations of motion of each individual body as well as those associated with kinematic constraints at connecting joints are developed in terms of base functions and modal terms. Then using the divide-and-conquer scheme, the entire system is swept in the assembly and disassembly passes to recursively form and solve nondeterministic equations of motion for modal values of spatial accelerations and constraint loads. In serial and parallel implementations, computational complexity of the method is expected to, respectively, increase as a linear and logarithmic function of the size.
Finite Element Solutions to the Bending Stiffness of a Single-Layered Helically Wound Cable With Internal Friction
Authors: Zhang Dansong , Ostoja-Starzewski Martin
Published: November 2015

This paper is focused on the bending stiffness of a cable consisting of a straight core wound around by a layer of helical wires, taking friction into account. Depending on the interaction between the cable components, the effective bending stiffness of the cable lies between an upper bound Bmax and a lower bound Bmin according to analytic models in literature. Two finite element models are created. The first aims to determine the maximum obtainable bending stiffness, whereby two contact types are tested: one bonding together all the touching surfaces and the other one only bonding together the wire–core contact surfaces. The numerical results show that Bmax is achieved for the first contact type, while neglecting the wire–wire contact lowers the bending stiffness due to the rotation of wire cross sections. In the second model, the wires are allowed to slip, while the cable is subjected to tension and bending. The effects of the tension level, the friction coefficient, and the contact types are investigated. The numerical results are able to capture the increase of bending stiffness with increasing tension and decreasing curvature, consistent with experimental observations and analytic models. The initial bending stiffness is sensitive to the imperfect contact between the components and is lower than Bmax. The final bending stiffness is higher than Bmin because of the contribution of friction and it increases with the friction coefficient.
Complete Sensitivity Analysis in a LiDAR-Camera Calibration Model
Authors: García-Moreno Angel-Iván , González-Barbosa Jose-Joel , Ramírez-Pedraza Alfonso , Hurtado-Ramos Juan B. , Ornelas-Rodríguez Francisco-Javier
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a sensitivity analysis in the calibration of two sensors: a laser sensor Velodyne HDL-64E and a panoramic camera Point Grey Ladybug2; both sensors are used for three-dimensional urban reconstruction and were calibrated by two techniques; their results are compared in the sensitivity analysis. The effect of each parameter on the errors propagated in our platform reconstruction was analyzed using the simulated and experimental data sets. To compare the calibration parameters, we implement simulation techniques like Monte Carlo (MC) and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS). The sensitivity index for each parameter was calculated by two methods. The Sobol method, which is based on the analysis of the variance breakdown and the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) method, based on Fourier analysis. Measures of variability on the simulated and experimental calibration parameters are shown for the calibration techniques implemented. Results on parameters and factors causing higher uncertainty in the calibration process are presented.
Vegetarian and Omnivorous Nutrition—Comparing Physical Performance
Authors: Craddock Joel C. , Probst Yasmine C. , Peoples Gregory E.
Published: November 2015

Humans consuming vegetarian-based diets are observed to have reduced relative risk for many chronic diseases. Similarly, regular physical activity has also been shown to assist in preventing, and reducing the severity of these conditions. Many people, including athletes, acknowledge these findings and are adopting a vegetarian-based diet to improve their health status. Furthermore, athletes are incorporating this approach with the specific aim of optimizing physical performance. To examine the evidence for the relationship between consuming a predominately vegetarian-based diet and improved physical performance, a systematic literature review was performed using the SCOPUS database. No date parameters were set. The keywords vegetarian OR vegan AND sport OR athlete OR training OR performance OR endurance were used to identify relevant literature. Included studies (i) directly compared a vegetarian-based diet to an omnivorous/mixed diet, (ii) directly assessed physical performance, not biomarkers of physical performance, and (iii) did not use supplementation emulating a vegetarian diet. Reference lists were hand searched for additional studies. Seven randomized controlled trials and one cross-sectional study met the inclusion criteria. No distinguished differences between vegetarian-based diets and omnivorous mixed diets were identified when physical performance was compared. Consuming a predominately vegetarian-based diet did not improve nor hinder performance in athletes. However, with only 8 studies identified, with substantial variability among the studies’ experimental designs, aims and outcomes, further research is warranted.
Real-World Experiences of the Coaching Pathos: Orchestration of NCAA Division I Sport
Authors: Readdy Tucker , Zakrajsek Rebecca , Raabe Johannes
Published: November 2015

Sport coaching is marked by a pathos created by limited control and limited awareness, contradictory beliefs, and novelty. Still, coaches can enhance the likelihood of optimal outcomes through orchestration, a process marked by unobtrusive, flexible actions that enhance athletes’ ability to work toward competitive goals (Jones & Wallace, 2005). This research sought to create a detailed understanding of pathos and orchestration in collegiate coaching. Participants were 10 head coaches from National Collegiate Athletic Association universities. Analysis of semistructured interviews produced four themes: (a) true control is limited but attempted control is extensive, (b) orchestration strategies are varied in context and method, (c) relationships enhance the effectiveness of the orchestration process, and (d) planning the next step allows for relative stability in the pathos. These results expand our understanding of pathos and orchestration, suggesting the concepts have promise in educating coaches about sources of adversity and the means to mitigate them.
Geochemistry, geochronology, and fluid inclusion study of the Late Cretaceous Newton epithermal gold deposit, British Columbia
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Richards Jeremy P. , DuFrane S. Andrew , Rebagliati Mark
Published: November 2015

Newton is an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit related to Late Cretaceous continental-arc magmatism in south-central British Columbia. Disseminated gold mineralization occurs in quartz–sericite-altered Late Cretaceous felsic volcanic rocks, and feldspar–quartz–hornblende porphyry and quartz–feldspar porphyry intrusions. The mineralization can be divided into three stages: (1) disseminated pyrite with microscopic gold inclusions, and sparse quartz–pyrite ± molybdenite veins; (2) disseminated marcasite with microscopic gold inclusions and minor base-metal sulfides; and (3) polymetallic veins of pyrite–chalcopyrite–sphalerite–arsenopyrite. Re–Os dating of molybdenite from a stage 1 vein yielded an age of 72.1 ± 0.3 Ma (published by McClenaghan in 2013). The age of the host rocks has been constrained by U–Pb dating of zircon: Late Cretaceous felsic volcanic rocks, 72.1 ± 0.6 Ma (Amarc Resources Ltd., unpublished data, reported by McClenaghan in 2013); feldspar–quartz–hornblende porphyry, 72.1 ± 0.5 Ma; quartz–feldspar porphyry, 70.9 ± 0.5 Ma (Amarc Resources Ltd., unpublished data, reported by McClenaghan in 2013). The mineralized rocks are intruded by a barren diorite, with an age of 69.3 ± 0.4 Ma. Fluid inclusions in quartz–pyrite ± molybdenite ± gold veins yielded an average homogenization temperature of 313 ± 51 °C (number of samples, n = 82) and salinity of 4.8 ± 0.9 wt.% NaCl equiv. (n = 46), suggesting that a relatively hot and saline fluid likely of magmatic origin was responsible for the first stage of mineralization. Some evidence for boiling was also observed in the veins. However, the bulk of the gold mineralization occurs as disseminations in the wall rocks, suggesting that wall-rock reactions were the main control on ore deposition.
Biogeographic patterns of multi-element stoichiometry of Quercus variabilis leaves across China
Authors: Sun Xiao , Kang Hongzhang , Kattge Jens , Gao Yue , Liu Chunjiang
Published: November 2015

The variability of leaf stoichiometry has been studied at different taxonomic levels across various geographic ranges. However, the intraspecific variations in leaf stoichiometry of widely distributed species are poorly understood. We characterize the biogeographical patterns and environmental controls of leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) concentrations of Quercus variabilis Blume, a widely distributed tree species of significant economic and ecological value in China. The stoichiometry of Q. variabilis leaves exhibited substantial variation, which was strongly affected by climatic factors and respective concentrations of soil nutrients but had little association with leaf mass per area. Climate was the dominant driver, apart from P and Ca, which were also strongly related to soil P and Ca, respectively. Concentrations of leaf N, P, K, and Mg decreased significantly with mean annual temperature and increased with aridity, albeit at different magnitudes, resulting in positive latitudinal trends of all elements except for Ca and S. The results indicate that Q. variabilis leaf stoichiometry shows a relevant degree of flexibility and that alterations in climatic factors and soil nutrient availability have diverse influences on patterns of the different elements. Our findings provide an important contribution toward an understanding of how widespread species regulate their stoichiometry to adapt to heterogeneous environments.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and comparison with other Pyraloidea insects
Authors: Liu Qiu-Ning , Chai Xin-Yue , Bian Dan-Dan , Zhou Chun-Lin , Tang Bo-Ping
Published: November 2015

The mitochondrial (mt) genome can provide important information for the understanding of phylogenetic relationships. The complete mt genome of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has been sequenced. The circular genome is 15 287 bp in size, encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The AT skew of this mt genome is slightly negative, and the nucleotide composition is biased toward A+T nucleotides (80.15%). All PCGs start with the typical ATN (ATA, ATC, ATG, and ATT) codons, except for the cox1 gene which may start with the CGA codon. Four of the 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codon T or TA. All the tRNA genes are folded into the typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNA, except for trnS1 (AGN) in which the DHU arm fails to form a stable stem–loop structure. The overlapping sequences are 35 bp in total and are found in seven different locations. A total of 240 bp of intergenic spacers are scattered in 16 regions. The control region of the mt genome is 327 bp in length and consisted of several features common to the sequenced lepidopteran insects. Phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs using the Maximum Likelihood method shows that the placement of P. interpunctella was within the Pyralidae.
Complete mitochondrial genome ofCamponotus atrox(Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new tRNA arrangement in Hymenoptera
Authors: Kim Min Jee , Hong Eui Jeong , Kim Iksoo
Published: November 2015

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Camponotus atrox (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), which is only distributed in Korea. The genome was 16 540 bp in size and contained typical sets of genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs). The C. atrox A+T-rich region, at 1402 bp, was the longest of all sequenced ant genomes and was composed of an identical tandem repeat consisting of six 100-bp copies and one 96-bp copy. A total of 315 bp of intergenic spacer sequence was spread over 23 regions. An alignment of the spacer sequences in ants was largely feasible among congeneric species, and there was substantial sequence divergence, indicating their potential use as molecular markers for congeneric species. The A/T contents at the first and second codon positions of protein-coding genes (PCGs) were similar for ant species, including C. atrox (73.9% vs. 72.3%, on average). With increased taxon sampling among hymenopteran superfamilies, differences in the divergence rates (i.e., the non-synonymous substitution rates) between the suborders Symphyta and Apocrita were detected, consistent with previous results. The C. atrox mt genome had a unique gene arrangement, trnI-trnM-trnQ, at the A+T-rich region and ND2 junction (underline indicates inverted gene). This may have originated from a tandem duplication of trnM-trnI, resulting in trnM-trnI-trnM-trnI-trnQ, and the subsequent loss of the first trnM and second trnI, resulting in trnI-trnM-trnQ.
THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON FINANCIAL MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM ASIA
Authors: ASLAM FAHEEM , RAFIQUE AMIR , SALMAN ANEEL , KANG HYOUNG-GOO , MOHTI WAHBEEAH
Published: November 2015

This paper examines the impact of 410 terrorist attacks on the performance of five Asian stock markets. The empirical findings indicate that terrorism has a significant impact on the stock markets. Furthermore, the magnitude of these effects varies with respect to country, attack type, target type and severity of the attacks. In target type, terrorist attacks on business sector and security forces are particularly destructive for the stock markets. Likewise, in attack type, suicide attacks and bomb blasts particularly generate a significant downward movement in the stock markets. Furthermore, the more severe attacks have larger negative impact on market returns.
A Pedestrian Approach to Indoor Temperature Distribution Prediction of a Passive Solar Energy Efficient House
Authors: Makaka Golden
Published: November 2015

With the increase in energy consumption by buildings in keeping the indoor environment within the comfort levels and the ever increase of energy price there is need to design buildings that require minimal energy to keep the indoor environment within the comfort levels. There is need to predict the indoor temperature during the design stage. In this paper a statistical indoor temperature prediction model was developed. A passive solar house was constructed; thermal behaviour was simulated using ECOTECT and DOE computer software. The thermal behaviour of the house was monitored for a year. The indoor temperature was observed to be in the comfort level for 85% of the total time monitored. The simulation results were compared with the measured results and those from the prediction model. The statistical prediction model was found to agree (95%) with the measured results. Simulation results were observed to agree (96%) with the statistical prediction model. Modeled indoor temperature was most sensitive to the outdoor temperatures variations. The daily mean peak ones were found to be more pronounced in summer (5%) than in winter (4%). The developed model can be used to predict the instantaneous indoor temperature for a specific house design.
Copper-64 Dichloride as Theranostic Agent for Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Preclinical Study
Authors: Ferrari Cristina , Niccoli Asabella Artor , Villano Carlo , Giacobbi Beatrice , Coccetti Daniela , Panichelli Paola , Rubini Giuseppe
Published: November 2015

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults with a median survival time less than one year. To date, there are only a limited number of effective agents available for GBM therapy and this does not seem to add much survival advantage over the conventional approach based on surgery and radiotherapy. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches to GBM is essential and those based on radionuclide therapy could be of significant clinical impact. Experimental evidence has clearly demonstrated that cancer cells have a particularly high fractional content of copper inside the nucleus compared to normal cells. This behavior can be conveniently exploited both for diagnosis and for delivering therapeutic payloads (theranostic) of the radionuclide copper-64 into the nucleus of cancerous cells by intravenous administration of its simplest chemical form as dichloride salt [64Cu]CuCl2. To evaluate the potential theranostic role of [64Cu]CuCl2in GBM, the present work reports results from a preclinical study carried out in a xenografted GBM tumor mouse model. Biodistribution data of this new agent were collected using a small-animal PET tomograph. Subsequently, groups of tumor implanted nude mice were treated with [64Cu]CuCl2to simulate single- and multiple-dose therapy protocols, and results were analyzed to estimate therapeutic efficacy.
Common Fixed Points of Generalized Cocyclic Mappings in Complex Valued Metric Spaces
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , De la Sen Manuel , Nazir Talat
Published: November 2015

We present fixed point results of mappings satisfying generalized contractive conditions in complex valued metric spaces. As an application, we obtain a common fixed point of a pair of weakly compatible mappings. Some common fixed point results of generalized contractive-type mappings involved in cocyclic representation of a nonempty subset of a complex valued metric space are also obtained. Some examples are also presented to support the results proved herein. These results extend and generalize many results in the existing literature.
Continuous Flow Controlled Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Pulsed Mixing Microfluidic System
Authors: Liu Guojun , Yang Xuhao , Li Yan , Yang Zhigang , Hong Wen , Liu JianFang
Published: November 2015

To prepare the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with uniform sizes, fine morphology, and good monodispersity, a pulsed mixing microfluidic system based on PZT actuation was presented. The system includes PZT micropump and Y type micromixer. By adjusting voltage (entrance flow rate), pulsed frequency, phase, and other parameters, a variety of mixing modes can be achieved, so as to realize the controllable synthesis of nanoparticles in a certain range. By numerical simulation and analysis, the channel section size, entrance angle, and pulse frequency were optimized. Based on the optimized structure and working parameters, the test prototype has been manufactured in lab, and the related synthesis tests of AuNPs were carried out. The test results indicate that AuNPs with uniform morphology and good monodispersity can be synthesized using the system with the section size (0.4 mm × 0.4 mm), the entrance channel angle (60°) under condition of the pulsed frequency (300 Hz), and the entrance flow rate (4 mL/min). The average diameter and its standard deviation of AuNPs synthesized were 21.6 nm, 4.83 nm, respectively. The research work above can be applied to the fields such as the controlled synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, biomedicine, and microchemical system.