bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IGARRITZ: euskarazko testu predikziorako web ingurune egokitua
Authors: Iruskieta Mikel , De la Iglesia Iker , Atutxa Unai , Ortiz Lierni
Published: October 2024

Motrizitate mugatua duen ikasleak, garun paralisi batek sortuak adibidez, tresna egokituak izaten dituzte testuak idazteko, esaterako, begiradaren jarraipeneko hardware bat, zeinarekin ordenagailuan letrak aukeratu eta sistemak iragartzen dituen hitzak aukeratu daitezkeen. Sistema hauek euskaraz idazteko baliabideak izaten dituzte, edo euskarazko hitz zerrendak sartuta iragarpenak aukeratu daitezke. Edozein testu iragarpenen xedea da testua idazteko esfortzua murriztea eta testu gehiago idaztea edo azkarrago egitea. Irisarekin idaztea hamar hatzamarrekin idaztea baino geldoagoa eta nekezagoa da; horrez gain, testu iragartzaileak euskaraz beste hizkuntzetan baino okerrago ibiltzen dira, eta nekez laguntzen dute. Lan honen helburua da euskarazko testu predikziorako web ingurune egokitu bat egitea adimen artifizialeko teknikak erabiliz. Horretarako, euskarazko hizkuntza-ereduetan oinarrituriko web interfazea sortu dugu, IGARRITZ izenekoa. Sortutako testu iragarleak Transformer arkitektura erabiltzen du, eta HiTZ/roberta-eus-euscrawl-base-cased hizkuntza-eredua berrentrenatu da hezkuntzarako corpusarekin (Gizapedia eta hezkuntzari buruzko testuak: Wikipediakoak eta Berriakoak). Bukatzeko, tresna ebaluatu eta egun eskura dagoen beste sistema batekin konparatu dugu, Bigarren Hezkuntzako ikasle batek ekoitzitako testuekin. Emaitzen arabera, IGARRITZek euskarazko testu predikzioa hobetu egiten du, eta irisarekin idazten duen pertsonak berak askoz errazago eta gehiago idazten duela adierazi du. Horrez gain, ebaluazio automatikoa egin dugu, eta hor ere emaitzak hobetzea lortu ditugu.
Histopathological patterns and immunophenotyping of feline lymphomas and incidence in Metropolitan Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Siripoonsub Jedsada , Sirivisoot Sirintra , Techangamsuwan Somporn , Rungsipipat Anudep
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: Feline lymphomas are categorized based on the location of tumor cells, with anatomical classifications including alimentary, mediastinal, multicentric, and extranodal forms. Accurate diagnosis and classification of feline lymphoma are paramount for enhancing treatment and prognosis. T-cell lymphomas are CD3 positive, while B-cell lymphomas exhibit positive for CD20, CD79α, and paired box 5 (PAX5). The aims of this study were (1) to classify feline lymphoma in each anatomical subtype using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification to provide information on epidemiological findings; (2) to investigate the expression and detection of B-cell lymphoma, various antibodies will be used, with the addition of PAX5, for clearer results; and (3) to gather more extensive information about feline lymphoma in Thailand, particularly in the Bangkok area.

Materials and Methods: From 2011 to 2023, 86 sample tissues were submitted for routine pathological examination at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect an immunophenotype of PAX5, CD79α, CD20 (B-cell lineage), and CD3 (T-cell lineage). Eighty-six formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissues were prepared on silane-coated slides. After IHC, all cases were classified according to the WHO classification.

Results: The most common form of lymphoma in this study was extranodal lymphoma at 37.2% (32/86), followed by multicentric lymphoma at 31.3% (27/74), mediastinal lymphoma at 17.4% (15/86), and alimentary lymphoma at 14% (12/86). Most extranodal lymphoma cases were in the nasal region. From the anatomical form, multicentric and extranodal lymphomas were predominantly diffuse large B-cell high-grade, while mediastinal lymphomas were small low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Alimentary lymphomas occur in various types, with most being the B-cell type.

Conclusion: This study indicates that extranodal lymphoma and extranodal lymphoma are the most frequent presentations found in cats in Bangkok. Mediastinal and alimentary lymphomas still occur. The utilization of various B-cell markers in combination could aid pathologists in distinguishing between various stages of B-cell maturation, assessing tumor cell heterogeneity, and determining the phenotype in scenarios where there is a loss of common B-cell markers diffuse large B-cell lymphomas is the most prevalent subtype of feline lymphoma. Significantly, relying solely on immunochemistry with one parameter may not be sufficient for a definitive diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma, as another parameter may also be necessary.

Keywords: B-cell, feline, immunophenotype, incidence, lymphoma, t-cell.
A Chronic Hepatitis B Identification and Surveillance Program Improves Care in an Integrated Health Plan
Authors: Chai Krisna P. , Saxena Varun , Seo Suk , Horton Brandon H. , Avins Andrew L. , Sedki Mai , Ready Joanna B.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Optimal management of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) requires surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identification of antiviral therapy candidates, but few dedicated CHB surveillance models have been described. Kaiser Permanente Northern California developed a systematic CHB surveillance and management program in 2012. We report the results of the program's performance over the initial 8-year period.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with CHB meeting guideline criteria for HCC surveillance. Eligible patients were invited into the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Liver Care Program (LCP), wherein patients receive reminders to obtain semiannual laboratory and imaging surveillance, which are reviewed by nurse practitioners. Treatment-eligible patients are provided with antiviral medications.

RESULTS:

Since its inception, 14,630 patients met study criteria, and 9,373 (64.1%) enrolled in the LCP. Adherence to imaging recommendations was higher in the LCP-managed group (41.5% of patients in the LCP received ≥80% of recommended imaging compared with 10.9% among patients not enrolled [risk ratio = 3.8; P < 0.001]). Approximately 63% of treatment-eligible patients in both groups received medication, although full-adherence rates were higher in patients managed in the LCP (72.3% vs 63.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). Among the 197 patients who developed HCC, recommended surveillance imaging was performed more frequently among LCP-managed patients (71.4% vs 53.8%, respectively, P < 0.05) who were also significantly more likely to be diagnosed at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage 0/A (95.9% vs 74.6%; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

In this integrated healthcare system, a systematic program for surveilling and managing patients with CHB seemed beneficial for both process and clinical endpoints.
Letramentos acadêmicos em línguas adicionais para a internacionalização da educação superior da Rede Federal
Authors: Ziegler Fernanda Lopes Silva
Published: October 2024

A abordagem dos letramentos acadêmicos enquanto práticas de leitura e escrita nas disciplinas (Lea; Street, 1998) proporciona uma visão do contexto acadêmico à luz de questões sociais, de identidade, poder, autoria etc. Soma-se a essa abordagem a perspectiva crítica de internacionalização da educação superior que compreende esse conceito como um processo planejado, inclusivo e transformador (De Wit; Hunter; Coelen, 2015; Hunter et al., 2022). Neste estudo, examinamos os letramentos acadêmicos (LACs) em línguas adicionais com vistas à internacionalização da educação superior no contexto da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica. Para tanto, analisamos os discursos de servidores do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha (IFFar) gerados por meio de questionários semiestruturados. Os resultados revelaram que, por meio da indicação de práticas, gêneros, situações e ações, os LACs em línguas adicionais têm sido limitados quanto ao uso na instituição. Como consequência, a internacionalização da educação parece não ter sido promovida e reconhecida através dessas práticas. Com base nisso, pretendemos sensibilizar a comunidade acadêmica, a começar pelos servidores, acerca das potencialidades e dos desafios do uso dos LACs em línguas adicionais para a internacionalização da educação superior no contexto da Rede Federal.
Antimicrobial Activities of Oyster Mushroom (Plerotous ostreatus), Garlic (Allium sativum), and Ginger Extracts (Zingiber officinale) Against Some Clinical Isolates
Authors: Adenuga Victoria Oluwapelumi , Fakoya Soji , Sanni Joseph Adaviruku , Adenuga Akinola , Adenuga Ore-ofe Oluwatoyin , Ajayi Oluwaferanmi Timileyhin
Published: October 2024

The prevalence of multiple drug resistance among human pathogenic bacteria necessitates a continual search for new antimicrobial medicines, particularly among plants that are frequently farmed or naturally found in our surroundings. The study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of garlic, ginger, and mushroom extracts at different concentrations against some clinical isolates. Anti-bacterial components from mushrooms, garlic, and ginger were extracted with hot water, cold water, ethanol, and acetone, and their anti-bacterial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were observed primarily on hot water extracts of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on culture plates inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia at 370C for 24 hours. The cold water extracts of the mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) gave the highest zone of inhibition of 14.0±1.0mm when used against S. aureus. For spices, the cold water extracts yielded the highest zones of inhibition of 22.0±1.0mm followed by 16.0±1.0mm as observed with ginger. The results obtained have shown clearly that the mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), garlic (Allium sativum), and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts contain phytochemicals with some antimicrobial activities. The water extracts of the mushrooms and spices showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity much more than ethanol and acetone extracts. The antimicrobial activities of mushroom and garlic extracts were highly effective against the bacterial pathogens studied. However, the antimicrobial activity of the ginger extract was poor. To address the multi-drug resistance to antibiotics, I recommend: that bioactive compounds found in mushrooms, ginger, and garlic be patented and used as alternative antimicrobials.
Hippocratea africana Ethanol Root Extract and Fractions Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Noah Kufre U , Okokon Jude E
Published: October 2024

Hippocratea africana root, used locally in treating poisoning, was investigated to confirm its antidotal potential in rats. The root extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions; dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats. Testosterone level, lipid profile indices, testicular oxidative stress markers, and testis histology were used to assess the testicular protective effect of the extract. The root extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions, dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL that were elevated by doxorubicin. In contrast, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) reduced by doxorubicin was increased by the extract and fractions co-administration. Testosterone level, which was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by doxorubicin, was significantly (p<0.05-0.01) elevated by the root extract and fractions co-administration. The levels of GSH, GST, SOD, GPx, and CAT that were decreased by doxorubicin were significantly (p<0.01) elevated, and raised MDA level was reduced by the root extract and fractions. Histology of the testes sections of extract/fractions -treated animals showed absent/or reductions in the pathological features compared to the organotoxic-treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations, suggesting marked testicular protective potential. The anti-toxic effect of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant. The plant, H. africana possesses anti-toxicant properties which can be exploited in the treatment of doxorubicin-related toxicities.
Interregional Trade in Russia: Gravity Approach
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Salnikov Konstantin , Filatov Alexander ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: October 2024

The paper analyzes interregional trade in Russia using gravity models. The model estimates the trade elasticity with respect to the size of exporting and importing regions and the distance between them. In addition, the impact on trade of additional factors, such as the common border of trading regions, the presence or absence of railroads, land or sea borders with other countries, is studied. Special attention is given to the issue of measuring distances between regions. The influence of the method of calculating the distance matrix (from the simplest orthodromic to the proposed weighted matrix of the shortest road and rail distances) on the coefficients of the models is studied. The all-Russian estimates of trade elasticities by the size of the exporting and importing region, equal to 1.15 and 1.05, showed high accuracy and robustness to the set of factors included in the model, the observation period, and the distance matrix. Both values were greater than one, which is significantly higher than typical estimates for international trade. This suggests that large and wealthy regions in Russia trade more, further increasing their welfare, while small and depressed regions are unable to escape the poverty trap, further increasing the current high level of regional heterogeneity. Distance is also very important in Russia (the elasticity of trade with respect to distance is –1.15, which is much higher than the world average, but still lower than the previous estimates for Siberia and the Russian Far East). This indicates insufficient transport infrastructure, higher costs of information search, transactions, contract execution, and other difficulties associated with long-distance trade. The absence of railroads in a region reduces its trade by about one-third, while neighboring regions increase the quantity of goods transported between them by about 75%. An external land or sea border facilitates domestic imports, some of which are re-exported abroad and some are consumed with the money earned from exports. At the same time, domestic exports from border regions, which cannot compete with external exports, are reduced. The method of calculating the distance matrix has a significant effect on the elasticity of trade with respect to distance, and to a limited extent on other coefficients of the model. In this case, it is recommended to use the weighted matrix proposed in this paper, which uses road distances for nearby regions and rail distances for distant regions
Inversion Processes in the Spatial Economy and Their Manifestations in the Development of the Transboundary Northern Arctic Territories of the Far East
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Krasnopolski Boris
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is to summarize theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of such a phenomenon as inversions and inversion processes in socio-economic sciences and to identify the features of the application of these approaches in research in the field of spatial economics, as well as their use in assessing the development of the border North Arctic territories of the Far East both at the national and international levels. The analysis of existing research approaches to understanding the essence, characteristics and tools for studying inversion processes in scientific areas in the socio-economic field allows us to interpret them in relation to spatial-economic research and identify specific methods of their application that are related to spatial economics. The identified research methods are used to study the Far Eastern North Arctic territories, which are currently undergoing deep qualitative transformations in their production specialization, auxiliary cycles and chains, as well as in the infrastructure that provided these processes. On the basis of both previous and current author’s studies, it is stated that in the regulation of inversion processes both in the spatial economy as a whole and in the conduct of specific studies on the development of the North Arctic territories, the leading role is played by the balance of opposing endogenous and exogenous elements of the infrastructure of spatial- economic formations at all their hierarchical levels. In conclusion, the article presents the generalizing results of the research in all its directions
Distribution and Characteristics of Internal Waves Observed During the Expedition of Jalacitra 2-2022 Banda
Authors: Putra I Wayan Sumardana Eka , Atmadipoera Agus Saleh , Manik Henry Munandar , Harsono Gentio , Purwandana Adi , Hascaryo Anom Puji
Published: October 2024

Indonesian seas have been known as the hotspot for internal waves (IWs) generation sites. The sinking tragedy of the Indonesian Naval Submarine, KRI Nanggala 402 on 21 April 2021 in the northern Bali Sea was highlights the need of detecting, mapping, and characterizing internal waves in Indonesian waters are compulsory mainly in the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lanes (IASLs). IASLs is a gateway for sea crossings which can be used by civil navigations, intercontinental trade, and foreign military. This study focused on mapping the distribution and characteristics of internal waves qualitatively using EA 600 Single beam Echosounder (SBES) of the Indonesian Naval Vessel, KRI Rigel 933 during The Jala Citra Expedition 2-2022 Banda. The measurements were conducted around the IASLs route in the Bali Waters, Banda Waters and Buru Waters. The results show that the typical high-frequency non-linear internal waves (HFNWs) with an amplitude of less than 10 m were observed intermittently during the expedition, detected mostly in the narrow passages, rough topography and shallowing waters. Typical characteristics of internal solitary waves (ISWs) were also observed with typical amplitudes of ~20 – 65 m. An ISWs extreme events found in this study verified the "turbulent water" that was reported in in the IASLs around the Underwater Seamount (US) Nieuwerkerk waters, in 1925 during the Snellius Expedition. The detection of internal wave events using acoustic equipment, the single beam echosounder is considered effective which can later be used as the guidance for marine activities in the water column.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Potential Sources in Sediments of Plawangan Timur, Segara Anakan, Cilacap: Occurrence and Distribution
Authors: Haris Abdul , El Mouchtari El Mountassir , Nurshofia Winarni , Putranto Yogi , Hidayat Rizqi Rizaldi , Husni Iqbal Ali , Hendrayana Hendrayana , Mahdiana Arif , Sulistyo Isdy , Hidayati Nuning Vita
Published: October 2024

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have the potential to contaminate the coastal area of Plawangan Timur, Cilacap, Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to determine the composition, distribution, source, and contamination level of PAHs in this region. Sediment samples were taken at seven stations. The research findings indicate that among the 16 types of PAHs, the proportion of each PAH varied between 3-12%. Notably, Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP) had the highest proportion at 12%, while Naphthalene had the lowest proportion at 3%. According to the distribution pattern, PAHs with a high molecular weight (HMW) are more prevalent than those with a low molecular weight (LMW). The total amount of PAHs ranged from 185 to 1289.9 mg.kg-1 (dw), with an average of 1016.97 mg.kg-1 (dw). Using a diagnostic ratio, it was determined that the origin of the PAHs was either petrogenic, pyrogenic, mixed petrogenic and pyrogenic, or pyrolytic. As a result, Plawangan Timur's degree of pollution was classified as a very high polluted. The average concentration value of each PAHs is higher than the values for the Effect Range Low (ERL) and Effect Range Median (ERM) ranges, indicated there is a significant ecological risk that could have negative consequences on marine life and the ecosystem. It is urgently to handle PAHs pollution due to their relatively high content in sediments. This can be achieved by improving the management of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for industry, optimizing the role of mangrove forests in reducing pollution in the waters, as well as building and increasing collaboration between related agencies in the prevention of marine oil spills.
Relačný koncept takzvaného bezdomovstva a závislosť na sociálnej službe útulku pre „ľudí bez domova“ alias konštrukcia alternatívneho domova
Authors: Špirková Veronika
Published: October 2024

The homelessness is defined differently by various experts. The case study is intended to present homeless people as a class of people without conventional housing, internally based on a relational concept shaped largely by a symphatetic social network that connects these people and offers them a survival adaptation mechanism in a given life situation. Study is based on homeless shelter ethnographic research executed throughout the years 2017–2019 in a position of social worker assistant in Czech Republic. It is a product of engaged anthropology with its role of presenting negatively effecting situations as a way of adjustment to special homeless situation of a person, supported by adequate quotations of homeless people in each chapter. The aim of the study is to describe the so-called dependency on a shelter viewed by the major society and social services within the terms of creating of an essential alternative home.
„Shromaždiště mravně zchátralých“?
Authors: Seidl Jan
Published: October 2024

Since their introduction in the public space of European and American cities, public restrooms have been, irrespective of specific countries and individual historical periods of the 19th and the 20th centuries, a privileged place of anonymous sexual contact between men. Recent scholarship focusing on the everyday history of homosexuality in what is today the Czech Republic has brought abundant evidence of this socio-sexual pattern throughout the 20th century also in cities such as Prague, Brno, or Pilsen. These scholars usually conclude that due to various external factors, including a radical improvement of the situation of LGBTI people in general, this pattern, very vivid until the end of the 1980s, more or less disappeared in the following decades. In this paper, I argue that this is not the case: on the contrary, as proven by various dating applications and on-line LGBT forums, the rather anonymous sexual intimateness with other men at public bathrooms is still of a very strong attraction for many men today. In trying to understand the reasons why this is so, I proceed to analyse the meanings that actors themselves were or are ascribing to this pattern in the interwar period, in the Communist period, and today (using archival, oral history, and internet sources, respectively). My conclusion is that today, this pattern may serve to a certain degree as an extension of on-line dating, introducing an element of randomness to what may be perceived as a too predictable way of making contacts. Due to this, paradoxically, the internet has saved this very ancient socio-sexual pattern of homosexual subcultures from extinction.
Bohémové na Krymské.
Authors: Jansa Petra
Published: October 2024

This case study describes the transformation of Krymská Street in terms of commercial gentrification as a social (re)production of space. It focuses on the commercial gentrification of a deprived district in the capital of the Czech Republic, and defines the present-day gentrifiers, the local self-employed entrepreneurs, as the Neo-bohemians. The study focuses on the specific role of the do-it-yourself Korso Krymská Festival in this transformation, arguing that the festival, as a type of representational space, reflects and reproduces the ways of using the public space of Krymská Street. In this study, Lefebvre’s concept of the social (re)production of space serves to conceptualise the role of Korso Krymská as the most distinctive spatial practice of local entrepreneurs, as well as a space directly lived through its associated images and symbols, reflecting the local neo-bohemian ideals. The spatial practices of the festival and the interaction within the space of the street through the imagination that seeks out the change and appropriation of said space have been taken over by the media. The media has also created abstract concepts that represent the space of Krymská Street and influence the street spatial practice in the context of everyday life. As a result, the festival and its media image have become an intensifier of the dislocation pressure on long-term residents rather than being the initially intended tool for building a community-based neighbourhood. The festival as a representational space also reflects the contradictory relationship of local entrepreneurs to Krymská Street, which is characterised by a blurring border between their business interests and the declared production of a community space that is presented primarily as the public interest of the neighbourhood.
Čtvrt století jsme jí říkali Miluško, a ona mlčky trpěla
Authors: Pinc Zdeněk
Published: October 2024

PhDr. Miloslava Turková, CSc., to oslovení nikdy neměla ráda, ale snášela jej s trpělivostí sobě vlastní. Když asi před rokem ukončila své dlouholeté působení na Fakultě humanitních studií UK, dozvěděl jsem se to post festum, a to „po slavnosti“, která se nekonala. Tenkrát mne to docela zamrzelo, zejména když jsem se doslechl, že místo poděkování si vyslechla potěšenou poznámku, že její uvolněný úvazek může dostat někdo jiný. Tak se dlouholetá spolupráce končit nemá, proto píši − tak trochu místo zmeškaného rozloučení − alespoň tuto opožděnou gratulaci k jubileu.
Sandžak and Sandžaklije in a State of Flux
Authors: Heler Daniel , Slavková Markéta
Published: October 2024

This article deals with the contemporary history of Sandžak in the broader context of the politically, socially, and culturally formative processes that accompanied the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). The focus is the formation and negotiation of ethnonational identities amongst the local people of Muslim origin in relation to the recent regional political developments. The article discusses mainly the political negotiations of the “Sandžak Muslim” identity in the context of the three capitals of Belgrade, Podgorica, and Sarajevo. We suggest that the aforementioned social, political (state-building processes, regime and ideology metamorphoses), and also economic transformations in Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia had a significant impact on development of public identities amongst the people of Muslim origin who inhabit the historical region of Sandžak. These issues also open the question of the politics of social inclusion and exclusion, since Sandžaklije of Muslim origin were often excluded and some even persecuted in the relatively recent past by the dominant regime. This study is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining mainly historical and political analysis with the additional application of sociocultural anthropology.
Zdvořilý řečový habitus jako sociokulturní regulativ vztahové sítě IV.
Authors: Slowik Miroslav
Published: October 2024

This article deals with the face-to-face relation as the necessary and sole axiomatic definition of the human world. The human world, primarily perceived through the perspective of evaluating the world through the relation to the Other, is a cultural and biological construct. The face carries a specific world view that is necessarily formed through its relation to other faces. The human face is a prerequisite for the origin of language, which is exuded by the face, thus being both a product of the animal world as well as strategic human behaviour encoded in the language. Modern man and their behaviour is the result of the evolution of social zoom, a process that determined present-day civilisation solely on the basis of the evolution of a balancing mechanism, i.e. altruistic language behaviour.
Cesty k založení časopisu Lidé města / Urban People
Authors: Moravcová Mirjam
Published: October 2024

The Lidé města Journal has successfully concluded its twentieth year of publication; the first ten years were summarised bibliographically at the end of the tenth year (10, 2008, 3), and the second decade at the end of the twentieth year (20, 2018, 3). The twentieth anniversary of the journal inspired its founder and long-term Editor-in-Chief, Mirjam Moravcová, to write down her memories about how this periodical came about, about its institutional background, and about the figures that had a hand in the journal’s conception and publication throughout the years.
Zemřel Pavel Machotka
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: October 2024

Chápeme-li antropologii jako hluboké porozumění člověku v sociálních, kulturních i osobních souvislostech jeho bytí, ne každý nominální antropolog se mu byť jen přiblížil a současně ne každý, kdo jej dosáhl, se k antropologii hlásil. Americký psycholog, teoretik umění a aktivní malíř českého původu Pavel Machotka rozhodně patřil do druhé skupiny – nikdy se sice za antropologa nepovažoval, avšak byl jím v nejsilnějším slova smyslu.
Konference Evropské asociace sociálních antropologů 2018: Staying, Moving, Settling
Authors: Lachoutová Adéla , Sanchezová Katarina
Published: October 2024

Během několika posledních let bylo v souvislosti s válkou v Sýrii a migraci s ní spojenou řečeno mnoho. Zvýšenou vlnu migrace v posledních letech nepocítila pouze Evropa. Dle vyjádření Valného shromáždění OSN se v letech 2000 až 2017 počet uprchlíků a žadatelů o azyl zvýšil z 16 na 26 milionů, přičemž více než polovině z nich bylo k roku 2017 méně než 18 let. V návaznosti na toto dění v Evropě i mimo ni se migrace stala tématem 15. bienální konference Evropské asociace sociálních antropologů (EASA).
Sběratelství jako intimní vztah člověka k věcem
Authors: Markovová Dana
Published: October 2024

This paper develops an anthropological approach in order to examine the collecting of “ordinary things” as a private, home-based, leisure activity. The research was conducted in the region of Nouvelle Aquitaine, located in the south-west of France, where the author has lived since 2012. The aim of this ethnographic research is to describe the interaction between two interconnected worlds, the human and the material. Objects, as such, cannot be attributed to any single category – be they utilitarian, decorative, or fetish-objects etc. In fact, every object has the capacity of becoming singular in the eyes of the possessor. Their varying importances will depends on the owner’s perspective and the meaning he or she may attribute to them. They become a part of peoples’ lives, shaping and helping to create their identity. Collectors, taken in by these objects, reserve for them a special place in their homes, going so far as devising special rules for their use.
Bibliografie druhých deseti ročníků časopisu Lidé města / Urban People, 2009-2018
Authors: Moravcová Mirjam
Published: October 2024

Časopis Lidé města/Urban People vydává Fakulta humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy, vychází třikrát ročně. Z toho dvakrát ve verzi české (č. 1 a 3) péčí šéfredaktora Zdeňka R. Nešpora a jedenkrát ve verzi anglické (č. 2) dílem šéfredaktorky Hedviky Novotné. Bibliografii časopisu Lidé města/Urban People za léta 2009–2018 jsme připravili, abychom v přehledu představili jeho produkci za posledních deset let. Zároveň chceme dokumentovat vývoj periodika z hlediska volby tematického a oborového zaměření, i publikační aktivity autorů.
Lenka J. Budilová – Marek Jakoubek: Bulgarian Protestants and the Czech Village of Voyvodovo
Authors: Dimitrov Vasil
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Lenka J. Budilová and Marek Jakoubek.
Luděk Jirka: Migrace za lepším životem
Authors: Vaculík Jaroslav
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Luděk Jirka.
Jaroslav Šotola – Mario Rodríguez Polo (eds.): Etnografie sociální mobility. Etnicita, bariéry, dominance
Authors: Bittnerová Dana
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Jaroslav Šotola and Mario Rodríguez Polo.
Petr Krčál: Dispozitiv penální legitimity. Kritická reflexe legitimity ve společnosti po neoliberální revoluci
Authors: Skovajsa Marek
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Petr Krčál.
Migrants as Visitors
Authors: Raúl Nicola , Šotola Jaroslav
Published: October 2024

This article provides the results on research into the attitudes of Czech seniors towards foreigners of non-European origin. It is based on an interpretation of ten semi-structured interviews of a biographical nature, focused on the participants’ encounters with otherness. Regardless of the political regime and the period of time, the main feature of this contact is distance and separation from foreigners. From the point of view of seniors, migration is an unnatural and only temporary phenomenon that has to be controlled and restricted by the state. Negative attitudes towards foreigners in the narrations are concealed by seemingly neutral statements that are subject to an effort of not providing any reason for being labelled as a “racist”. Nevertheless, it is still possible to uncover the idea of self-evident power superiority over categories of people understood as racially different. Although the seniors expressed various levels of sympathy, indifference, or antipathy towards the individual non-European groups, we believe that these differences are not a manifestation of selective acceptance, but rather a manifestation of imagined racial hierarchy in which groups perceived as submissive are preferred.
The Invisible City
Authors: Heřmanová Marie
Published: October 2024

The so-called Zona Norte on the outskirts of San Cristóbal de Las Casas in the south of México represents a typical “poverty belt” described in the literature on Latin American favelas and slums. An area densely populated by Tzotzil- and Tzeltal-speaking people, migrants from the rural communities from the surrounding highlands, Zona Norte is, in many ways, a typical example of an informal urban settlement, and it bears the stigma usually attached to these places – a lawless, dangerous, no-go zone. The aim of this article is to present three different examples of how this territorial stigmatisation (Wacquant 2008) is experienced, lived, reconstructed, and deconstructed by three generations of inhabitants in Zona Norte. Central to all the stories is the metaphor of “invisibility” or the “invisible city”, which is analysed using concepts from current anthropological literature on urban informality. The article is based on an extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted in San Cristóbal de Las Casas between the years 2008–2015.
A Bridge That Turned Into a Pier
Authors: Váša Ondřej
Published: October 2024

Karel Prager’s project of the experimental housing development in Košíře (1975) was doomed to be an ultimate failure from the beginning. As a specific variation of Yona Friedman’s vision of the “city above the city”, it was supposed to hover above the town, exploiting inaccessible or built‑up terrain, as well as avoiding a costly and painful redevelopment. It promised to be just a small sample of a universal solution for overpopulated cities, as well as a universal construction set for any unforeseen requirements of the future populations. For these purposes, the simple frame utilised the bridge‑system, and also relied on the logic of the labyrinth. Yet in doing so, however unintentionally, it both turned the existing city into a second‑rate underworld and imposed on its inhabitants a most determinative system of limited variations, trading the burden of architectural responsibility for the apparent freedom of combinatorics. The essay analyses both the key structural elements of the superstructure – the bridge, the labyrinth, the environmental aspect – and the logic of the megastructural movement which presents a proper context for Prager’s vision.
Zdvořilý řečový habitus jako sociokulturní regulativ vztahové sítě II.
Authors: Slowik Miroslav
Published: October 2024

Speech politeness is one of the characteristics of the formula of human speech behaviour, based on the structural aspects of language, anthropology, sociology and pragmatics, and acts as a speech mechanism acquired by speakers at a specific time and in a particular politically and ethnically defined territory. We will attempt to summarize the mentioned findings in a well-arranged plan, which, although in some aspects allows for a simplified but internally structured insight into the functioning of speech courtesy as a cultural artefact, has given preference through the development of the social construct to certain social values over others.
John Mercer: Gay Pornography. Representations of Sexuality and Masculinity
Authors: Koumar Jan
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by John Mercer.
Utilization of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray compost and mycorrhiza on cultivation of Allium ascalonicum L. grown on post-mine sandpits soil
Authors: Hidayat Cecep , Rachmawati Yati , Marhama Hasna , Ningrum Hikmaya A , Hasani Sofiya
Published: October 2024

Post-mine sandpits C soil has a potential to be used for vegetable cultivation, nevertheless needs improvement on its physical, chemical, and biological properties through the input of microbial application technology and organic matter. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) and compost (bokashi) of Tithonia diversifolia in improving soil physical properties and yield of Allium ascalonicum. The study used a two-factor Randomized Block Design. The first factor was AMF provision (control 0 g plant-1, 4 g plant-1, 6 g plant-1, 8 g plant-1, and 10 g plant-1). The second factor was bokashi of T. diversifolia (control 0 t ha-1, 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1, and 9 t ha-1). The results showed that the application of AMF together with bokashi generated soil porosity and permeability that were suitable for the growth of shallot bulbs. The application of bokashi 9 t ha-1 increased bulbs diameter and bulbs fresh mass, although still below its potential due to unfavorable environmental factors. Thus, the successful application of AMF and organic materials need to pay attention on environmental factors in order to produce maximum effect.
First language loss effect on bilingual autobiographical memory: examining memory phenomenology
Authors: Sorokina Anastasia N.
Published: October 2024

In the context of globalization and migration, individuals may experience language loss or first language (L1) attrition. While migrant language loss is well documented and researched, its impact on bilingual autobiographical memory remains underexplored. Existing research indicates that bilingual speakers encode memories in either their L1 or second language (L2), depending on the language context of the event. Language’s pivotal role in autobiographical memory has also been confirmed by bilingual psychotherapy research. This paper investigates whether L1 attrition can impair memories encoded in that language. Focusing on Russian-English speakers with various degrees of L1 attrition, this study examines the phenomenological characteristics of memories (vividness, emotional valence, accessibility, significance, and confidence in the event). Results from partial correlation and linear regression analyses demonstrated that language loss significantly compromises vividness and confidence, underscoring language’s integral function in maintaining bilingual autobiographical memory.
Optimal experiment design for inverse problems via selective normalization and zero-shift times
Authors: Chassain Clément , Kusiak Andrzej , Krause Kevin , Battaglia Jean-Luc
Published: October 2024

Inverse problems are commonly used in many fields as they enable the
estimation of parameters that cannot be experimentally measured. However,
the complex nature of inverse problems requires a strong background
in data and signal processing. Moreover, ill-posed problems yield
parameters that have a strong linear dependence on the problem. The
ill-posed nature of these problems lead to many errors in numerical
computations that can make parameter identification nearly impossible.
In this paper, a new data processing tool is proposed to maximize
the sensitivity of the model to the parameters of interest, while
reducing the correlation between them. The effectiveness of the toll
is demonstrated through a given inverse problem example using Periodically
Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry (PPTR).
Stabilized weighted reduced order methods for parametrized advection-dominated optimal control problems governed by partial differential equations with random inputs
Authors: Zoccolan Fabio , Strazzullo Maria , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: October 2024

In this work, we analyze Parametrized Advection-Dominated distributed Optimal Control Problems with random inputs in a Reduced Order Model (ROM) context. All the simulations are initially based on a finite element method (FEM) discretization; moreover, a space-time approach is considered when dealing with unsteady cases. To overcome numerical instabilities that can occur in the optimality system for high values of the Péclet number, we consider a Streamline Upwind Petrov–Galerkin technique applied in an optimize-then-discretize approach. We combine this method with the ROM framework in order to consider two possibilities of stabilization: Offline-Only stabilization and Offline-Online stabilization. Moreover we consider random parameters and we use a weighted Proper Orthogonal Decomposition algorithm in a partitioned approach to deal with the issue of uncertainty quantification. Several quadrature techniques are used to derive weighted ROMs: tensor rules, isotropic sparse grids, Monte-Carlo and quasi Monte-Carlo methods. We compare all the approaches analyzing relative errors between the FEM and ROM solutions and the computational efficiency based on the speedup-index.
Free-electron coupling to surface polaritons mediated by small scatterers
Authors: Prelat Leila , Dias Eduardo J. C. , García de Abajo F. Javier
Published: October 2024

The ability of surface polaritons (SPs) to enhance and manipulate light fields down to deep-subwavelength length scales enables applications in optical sensing and nonlinear optics at the nanoscale. However, the wavelength mismatch between light and SPs prevents direct optical excitation of surface-bound modes, thereby limiting the widespread development of SP-based photonics. Free electrons are a natural choice to directly excite strongly confined SPs because they can supply field components of high momentum at designated positions with subnanometer precision. Here, we theoretically explore free-electron–SP coupling mediated by small scatterers and show that low-energy electrons can efficiently excite surface modes with a maximum probability reached at an optimum surface–scatterer distance. By aligning the electron beam with a periodic array of scatterers placed near a polariton-supporting interface, in-plane Smith–Purcell emission results in the excitation of surface modes along well-defined directions. Our results support using scattering elements to excite SPs with low-energy electrons.
Intrathecal pain treatment for severe pain in patients with terminal cancer: A retrospective analysis of treatment-related complications and side effects
Authors: Bengtsson Linda , Thörn Sven-Egron , Dyrehag Lars-Erik , Gräbel Olaf , Andréll Paulin
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Two-thirds of patients with advanced cancer experience pain. Some of these patients have severe pain refractory to oral and parenteral medication, for whom intrathecal pain treatment could be an option. While intrathecal therapy is presently used with good results in clinical practice, the current evidence is limited. Hence, increased knowledge of intrathecal pain treatment is needed. This retrospective study aimed to assess complications and side effects related to intrathecal pain treatment in patients with terminal cancer.

Methods

A retrospective study on all patients who received intrathecal treatment with morphine and bupivacaine through externalized catheters for cancer-related pain at a single university hospital during a 5-year period.

Results

Treatment-related complications were reported in 24 out of 53 patients. The most common complications were catheter dislocation (13%), catheter occlusion (9%), falls due to bupivacaine-related numbness or weakness (9%), and reversible respiratory depression (8%). There were five serious complications, i.e., meningitis or neurological impairment, of which four were reversible. Side effects related to intrathecal drugs, or the implantation procedure were observed in 35 patients. The most common were bupivacaine-related numbness or weakness (57%) and reversible post-dural puncture headache (19%). Systemic opioid doses decreased during the first 3 weeks of intrathecal treatment, from a median daily dose of 681 to 319 oral morphine milligram equivalents. The median treatment duration time was 62 days.

Conclusions

Complications related to intrathecal treatment are common, but mostly minor and reversible. Side effects are predominantly related to unwanted pharmacological effects from intrathecal drugs. Intrathecal treatment enables the reduction of systemic opioid doses, which indicates a good treatment effect on pain. Hence, intrathecal therapy can be considered a safe pain-relieving treatment in patients with severe refractory cancer-related pain. Future research is warranted on patient acceptability and satisfaction of intrathecal pain treatment.
A digitális fejlettség megragadása DESI dimenziók, GDP és AIC mutatók segítségével az EU 2020-as adataival
Authors: BÁNHIDI Zoltán , DOBOS Imre
Published: October 2024

Tanulmányunk célja, hogy a digitális és gazdasági dimenziókat tartalmazó adatállományunk statisztikai jellemzőin alapuló objektív súlyok és modellek révén olyan országrangsorokat állítsunk fel, amelyek átfogó képet adnak az Európai Unió (EU) tagállamainak digitális és gazdasági fejlettségéről. Ennek érdekében az Európai Bizottság által publikált DESI-mutatórendszer fő dimenzióit, illetve a gazdaságstatisztikából jól ismert GDP/fő és AIC mutatókat tartalmazó, makroszintű keresztmetszeti adatállományt döntéselméleti módszerek -- kétféle DEA- és egy TOPSIS-modell -- alkalmazásával használtuk fel a digitális és gazdasági dimenziókat szintetizáló hatékonysági mutatók képzésére, illetve ezeken alapuló alternatív sorrendek felállítására. Reményeink szerint ezek a rangsorok együttesen jól jellemzik az EU-országok digitális-gazdasági erősorrendjét, az EU-n belül megtalálható fejlettségi törésvonalakat. Eredményeinket az eredeti DESI-rangsorral is összehasonlítjuk -- az országsorrendek néhány tanulságos kivételtől eltekintve viszonylag hasonlóak maradnak.
Mistakes in Thinking about Cognitive Science and How to Reduce Them
Authors: Johnson-Laird P. N.
Published: October 2024

This article allows readers to assess their ability to detect errors in thinking in seven case histories of psychologists’ thoughts about cognitive science. It explains the nature of the errors and shows that some of them reflect faulty reasoning. It presents a “model method” to improve reasoning. It is based on the theory of mental models, which gives a general account of how individuals think, both deductively and indicatively, and which postulates that individuals construct mental models of possibilities in the world. The model method enhances both the accuracy and speed of reasoning. The article concludes with some general reflections on the role of knowledge of meanings, the world, and context in thinking.