bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In silico studies of plant primary cell walls – structure and mechanics
Authors: Pieczywek Piotr Mariusz , Chibrikov Vadym , Zdunek Artur
Published: January 2023

Primary plant cell wall (PCW) is a highly organized network, its performance is dependent on cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic polysaccharides, their properties, interactions and assemblies. Their mutual relationships and functions in the cell wall can be better understood by means of conceptual models of their higher‐order structures. Knowledge unified in the form of a conceptual model allows predictions to be made about the properties and behaviour of the system under study. Ongoing research in this field has resulted in a number of conceptual models of the cell wall. However, due to the currently limited research methods, the community of cell wall researchers have not reached a consensus favouring one model over another. Herein we present yet another research technique – numerical modelling – which is capable of resolving this issue. Even at the current stage of development of numerical techniques, due to their complexity, the in silico reconstruction of PCW remains a challenge for computational simulations. However, some difficulties have been overcome, thereby making it possible to produce advanced approximations of PCW structure and mechanics. This review summarizes the results concerning the simulation of polysaccharide interactions in PCW with regard to network fine structure, supramolecular properties and polysaccharide binding affinity. The in silico mechanical models presented herein incorporate certain physical and biomechanical aspects of cell wall architecture for the purposes of undertaking critical testing to bring about advances in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling cells and limiting cell wall expansion.
Maxillary implant overdenture retained by four unsplinted attachments and opposed by a natural or fixed dentition: Five‐year clinical outcomes. A prospective case series
Authors: Bouhy Alice , Lamy Marc , Altaep Yaman , Lambert France
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess, over a period of 5 years, implant prosthesis and patient‐reported outcomes of complete dentures retained by four implant‐supported attachments in the edentulous maxilla facing either natural teeth or fixed rehabilitation in the lower jaw.

Materials and Methods

Implant, prosthodontic and patient‐related outcomes were assessed in 30 patients at 1, 3 and 5 years. Prosthodontic survival, complications or maintenance events as well as implant survival were recorded. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐20) questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS) before implant placement (baseline) and during the follow‐up period.

Results

After 5 years, three patients dropped out, 21 implants failed, and four overdentures were replaced leading to a prosthesis survival rate of 85.2% (95% CI: 71.8%–98.6%) and an implant survival rate of 80.6% (95% CI: 73.1%–88.0%). Prosthodontic success rate decreased from 86.2% to 74% between the 1st and the 3rd year and reached 63% after 5 years. OHIP results improved significantly from baseline to 1 year (p < .0001) and to 3 years (p = .036), but, at 5 years, the improvement was no longer significant when compared to baseline (p = .12). The overall VAS score remained significantly higher up to 5 years (p < .001).

Conclusion

A substantial number of prosthetic complications and replacements occurred over the 5‐year follow‐up. After 5 years, the OHIP‐20 deteriorated and reached again the baseline level. Nonetheless, the VAS results suggest significantly increased patient satisfaction after implant‐supported retention was provided for the removable prostheses.
Hunting trophy import bans proposed by the UK may be ineffective and inequitable as conservation policies in multiple social‐ecological contexts
Authors: Clark Douglas A. , Brehony Peadar , Dickman Amy , Foote Lee , Hart Adam G. , Jonga Charles , Mbiza Moreangels M. , Roe Dilys , Sandbrook Chris
Published: January 2023

The UK government is considering legislation to prohibit the importation of hunting trophies. We examine documented social, ecological, and political outcomes of two previous such bans. We find that the UK government's proposal shares the shortcomings of existing bans that have (1) failed to address, or have even amplified, key threats to hunted species, (2) imposed costs on citizens of other countries, and (3) delegitimized the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Trophy import bans are blunt policy instruments that can cause more problems than they solve.
Encounters with police drug detection dogs at music festivals amongst people who regularly use ecstasy and/or other illicit stimulants in Australia
Authors: Gibbs Daisy , Peacock Amy , Hughes Caitlin , Grigg Jodie , Chandrasena Udesha , Sutherland Rachel
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Despite increasing evidence challenging the effectiveness and legality of police drug dog operations, these strategies remain common. We aimed to describe drug dog encounters at music festivals, behavioural adaptations taken in anticipation of their presence and consequences of encounters amongst a sample of people who regularly use MDMA/ecstasy.

Methods

Data were collected via interviewer‐administered questionnaires in April–June 2019. Australians aged 16 years or older who used MDMA/ecstasy and/or other stimulants monthly in the last 6 months were recruited from capital cities via social media and word‐of‐mouth (n = 797). Participants reported recent drug dog encounters, encounter settings and actions taken in anticipation of and in response to encounters.

Results

In this sample, encounters with drug dogs at festivals were common (60%), with most participants (92%) reporting anticipating the encounter. Most (86%) of this group reported behavioural adaptations to avoid a detection, with concealing drugs well (57%) and consuming prior to entering the festival (20%) most reported. Only 4% of those who expected drug dog presence chose not to carry or consume drugs. One‐quarter (26%) of those who reported an encounter were stopped by police and 4% were searched (bodily/bag search).

Discussion and Conclusion

Most participants anticipated drug dog presence at festivals, however, were not deterred from carrying or consuming drugs. Some reported adaptations to avoid detection may increase drug‐related health, social and legal harms. Our study suggests drug dog presence at festivals does not deter carriage/use of illegal drugs, and echoes concerns regarding the efficacy and appropriateness of this policing initiative.
Moments of cross‐sectional stock market returns and the German business cycle
Authors: Döpke Jörg , Müller Karsten , Tegtmeier Lars
Published: January 2023

Based on monthly data covering the period from 1987 to 2021, we analyse whether cross‐sectional moments of stock market returns may provide information about the future position of the German business cycle. We apply in‐sample forecasting regressions with and without leading indicators as control variables, pseudo‐out‐of‐sample exercises, autoregressive distributed lag models, and impulse‐response functions estimated by local projections. We find in‐sample predictive power of the first and third cross‐section moments for the future growth of industrial production, even if one controls for well‐established leading indicators for the German business cycle. Out‐of‐sample tests show that these variables reduce the relative mean squared error compared with benchmark models. We do not find a long‐run relation between the moment series and industrial production. The dynamic response of industrial production to a shock on the cross‐section moments is in line with the other results.
The use of post‐exam feedback in oral radiology: A survey study of dental and dental hygienist schools in Europe
Authors: Levring Jäghagen Eva , de Lange Thomas , Torgersen Gerald , Møystad Anne , Ahlqvist Jan
Published: January 2023

Introduction

A combination of summative assessments and post‐exam feedback can create a formative environment to support student learning. It remains unknown to what extent feedback sessions are conducted after exams in oral radiology courses for dental and dental hygienist students in Europe. This survey study aimed to explore whether post‐exam feedback sessions were conducted, and if so, in what format.

Materials and Methods

A questionnaire was distributed to 76 dental schools in 26 countries and 34 dental hygienist schools in 14 countries in Europe. The questions addressed whether feedback was provided after exams in oral radiology, the feedback format, and whether feedback sessions were formalised or performed for other reasons.

Results

Questionnaire responses were received from 33 dental schools in 18 countries, and 20 dental hygienist schools in 11 countries. Information about grades was provided in 23–30% of the schools. Post‐exam feedback sessions including opportunities for discussion was provided at 39% of the schools, all with guidelines stating that these sessions should be carried out. The remaining schools provided feedback either on request by individual students or as written examples of correct answers.

Conclusion

Almost one third of the dental schools announced grades without providing any post‐exam feedback that could support learning. Two fifth utilised feedback sessions to assist students in gaining knowledge and sorting out misconceptions, all according to guidelines. Given the possible learning potential in post‐exam feedback with opportunity to discuss, further studies of this format would be valuable, including the role and use of feedback guidelines.
Multiple ecosystem service synergies and landscape mediation of biodiversity within urban agroecosystems
Authors: Jha Shalene , Egerer Monika , Bichier Peter , Cohen Hamutahl , Liere Heidi , Lin Brenda , Lucatero Azucena , Philpott Stacy M.
Published: January 2023

Ecosystem services (ESs) are essential for human well‐being, especially in urban areas where 60% of the global population will live by 2030. While urban habitats have the potential to support biodiversity and ES, few studies have quantified the impact of local and landscape management across a diverse suite of services. We leverage 5 years of data (>5000 observations) across a network of urban community gardens to determine the drivers of biodiversity and ES trade‐offs and synergies. We found multiple synergies and few trade‐offs, contrasting previous assumptions that food production is at odds with biodiversity. Furthermore, we show that natural landscape cover interacts with local management to mediate services provided by mobile animals, specifically pest control and pollination. By quantifying the factors that support a diverse suite of ES, we highlight the critical role of garden management and urban planning for optimizing biodiversity and human benefit.
Competitive psychological climate, conflict and psychological contract breach
Authors: dos Santos Maria do Céu Colaço , Coelho Filipe , Gomes Jorge F. S.
Published: January 2023

The current study adds to existing knowledge by investigating how competitive psychological climate (CPC) is associated with employees' perceptions of the extent to which their employer has failed to appropriately fulfil the psychological contract. To test the research model, we collected information from 247 employees in eight companies. The findings suggest that CPC has a positive indirect relationship with psychological contract breach (PCB) through task and relationship conflict. Additionally, we find that a significant (and negative) direct relationship between CPC and PCP only emerges after partialling out mediation by task and relationship conflict. These findings contribute new insights to the literature with regards the outcomes of CPC and the antecedents of PCB. Furthermore, the results support existing evidence concerning the complex set of outcomes that have been associated with CPC and also generates novel insights into the outcomes for intragroup conflict.
Plasma neurofilament light significantly decreases following treatment in Lyme neuroborreliosis and is not associated with persistent symptoms
Authors: Mens Helene , Fjordside Lasse , Gynthersen Rosa , Ørbæk Mathilde , Andersen Åse Bengaard , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Sellebjerg Finn , Zetterberg Henrik , Lebech Anne‐Mette
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose

Currently there is an unmet need for a highly standardized blood biomarker test to monitor treatment response in Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Differentiating between active or past infection is challenged by the relatively high frequency of persistent symptoms after the end of antibiotic treatment (estimated 15%–20%), the variable clinical course and the long‐lasting Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. The aim was therefore to evaluate plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) as a marker for disease activity in LNB.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort of definite LNB (N = 36) with blood samples and clinical evaluation including Glasgow Outcome Score at treatment initiation and 3 and 6 months’ follow‐up. Consecutive plasma was retrospectively analysed for the content of neurofilament light chain by Quanterix® kits (Simoa® NF‐light Kit).

Results

Plasma neurofilament light chain significantly decreased between treatment initiation and the 3‐month follow‐up (median 83 pg/ml vs. median 14 pg/ml (25 pairs), p < 0.0001). No significant change was observed between 3 and 6 months’ follow‐up (median 14 pg/ml vs. median 12 pg/ml (21 pairs), p = 0.33). At treatment initiation 90% had pNfL above the age‐defined reference compared to only 23% and 7% respectively at 3 and 6 months’ follow‐up. Decreases in pNfL were mirrored by increasing Glasgow Outcome Score. Reporting persistent symptoms at the 6‐month follow‐up was not associated with pNfL (relative change from reference or actual values) at baseline or at 6 months’ follow‐up.

Conclusion

Plasma neurofilament light chain decreases following antibiotic treatment in LNB and is not associated with reporting persistent symptoms. It was therefore speculated that it may prove useful as a treatment response biomarker in LNB.
Relational recovery after infidelity as a dual process: A model based on the experiences of female injured partners
Authors: Walravens Geertje , Rober Peter
Published: January 2023

In the literature, relational recovery after infidelity is often described as a process going through different consecutive stages towards a reconciliation. We interviewed 25 injured partners and invited them to look back and talk about what helped them to recover from the pain and the conflicts caused by the relational infidelity of their partner. From their stories—through thematic analysis—four themes emerged: 1. talking, 2.the truth, 3. trust and 4. ethical imbalance. It furthermore struck us how the participants described their recovery process as an experience of being oscillated between connection and disconnection. These findings pointed us in the direction of developing a dual process model that fits with our participants' experiences of recovering after infidelity, while emphasizing the dynamic nature of their stories.
Prevalence of medication administration errors in hospitalized adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis up to 2017 to explore sources of heterogeneity
Authors: Azar Christine , Raffoul Paul , Rizk Rana , Boutros Celina , Saleh Nadine , Maison Patrick
Published: January 2023

Previous estimates to meta‐analyze administration error rates were limited by the high statistical heterogeneity, restricting their use. This study aimed to investigate sources of heterogeneity in pooled administration error rates in hospitalized adults. We systematically searched scientific databases up to November 2017 for studies presenting error rates/relevant numerical data in hospitalized adults. We conducted separate meta‐analyses for the numerators: One Medication Error (OME) (each dose can be correct or incorrect) and Total Number of Errors (TNE) (more than one error per dose could be counted), using the generic inverse variance with a 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was assessed using theI2and Cochran'sQtest. We meta‐analyzed 33 studies. The global pooled analyses based on the OME and TNE numerators showed very high heterogeneity (I2 = 100%;p < 0.00001). For each meta‐analysis, subgroup analyses based on study characteristics (countries, wards, population, routes of administration, error detection methods, and medications) yielded results with consistently elevated heterogeneity. Beyond these characteristics, we stratified the studies according to the mean error prevalence level as the threshold. Based on the OME numerator, we identified two subgroups of low (0.15[0.13–0.17];I2 = 0%;p = 0.43) and high (0.26[0.24–0.27];I2 = 38%;p = 0.17) pooled prevalence rates, with controlled heterogeneity. Similarly, for the TNE numerator, we identified two subgroups of low (0.10[0.09–0.10];I2 = 0%;p = 0.76) and high (0.28[0.27–0.29];I2 = 0%;p = 0.89) pooled prevalence rates, with controlled heterogeneity. These subgroups differed regarding the denominators used: Total opportunities for errors versus others (doses, observations, administrations). Calculation methods, specifically the denominator, seem a primary factor in explaining heterogeneity in error rates. Standardizing numerators, denominators, and definitions is necessary.
Compound K: A systematic review of its anticancer properties and probable mechanisms
Authors: Tam Dao Ngoc Hien , Nam Nguyen Hai , Cuong Nguyen The Ky , Hung Dang The , Soa Dang Thi , Altom Ahmad , Tran Linh , Elhadad Heba , Huy Nguyen Tien
Published: January 2023

Panax ginseng is a common natural product, which is well‐known to have a wide range of pharmacological activities in cancer. Its metabolite, compound K (CK), has been reported to have anticancer activity. We aimed to systematically review the literature for evidence of anticancer effects of CK. We conducted a systematic search in eight databases. We included all in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the anticancer effects of CK with no restrictions. Quality assessment was applied by ToxRTool. Fifty‐four articles were included in our study. The purity of CK in our included studies was at least 95%. The in vitro studies reported that CK had a potential anticancer activity on several cell lines including human lung cancer cell lines (A549, PC‐9), nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (Hk‐1), liver cancer cell line (BEL 7402), and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cell lines (Kasumi‐1, MV4‐11). The in vivo studies reported a significant decrease in tumor volume in mice treated with CK. CK is a potential supplementary treatment in cancer chemotherapies. The safety and further clinical trials of CK should be explored for future drug development.
Teaching classic put to the test: Do tongue twisters work for L2 pronunciation?
Authors: Tergujeff Elina , Kuronen Mikko
Published: January 2023

Tongue twisters are a controversial pronunciation teaching classic. Whereas some see tongue twisters difficult and frustrating for learners, others find them fun and motivating. This study was inspired by these opposing views and the fact that previous studies have failed to offer convincing proof of whether this technique works for L2 pronunciation learning. This study approaches the question with a teaching experiment. Participants were 28 learners of L2 Swedish. Half of them trained with tongue twisters and half with authentic sentences. Training focussed on two sounds typically difficult for the learners, who were tested before and after the training period. Further, the participants were surveyed to grasp their tongue‐twister experiences. Results reveal that tongue twisters were mostly viewed positively and lead to better pronunciation development than training with authentic sentences. Hence, the study demonstrates that tongue twisters now have research‐based potential as a successful L2 pronunciation teaching technique.
‘To me, it's ones and zeros, but in reality that one is death’: A qualitative study exploring researchers' experience of involving and engaging seldom‐heard communities in big data research
Authors: Teodorowski Piotr , Rodgers Sarah E. , Fleming Kate , Tahir Naheed , Ahmed Saiqa , Frith Lucy
Published: January 2023

Background

Big data research requires public support. It has been argued that this can be achieved by public involvement and engagement to ensure that public views are at the centre of research projects. Researchers should aim to include diverse communities, including seldom‐heard voices, to ensure that a range of voices are heard and that research is meaningful to them.

Objective

We explored how researchers involve and engage seldom‐heard communities around big data research.

Methods

This is a qualitative study. Researchers who had experience of involving or engaging seldom‐heard communities in big data research were recruited. They were based in England (n = 5), Scotland (n = 4), Belgium (n = 2) and Canada (n = 1). Twelve semistructured interviews were conducted on Zoom. All interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed, and we used reflexive thematic analysis to analyse participants' experiences.

Results

The analysis highlighted the complexity of involving and engaging seldom‐heard communities around big data research. Four themes were developed to represent participants' experiences: (1) abstraction and complexity of big data, (2) one size does not fit all, (3) working in partnership and (4) empowering the public contribution.

Conclusion

The study offers researchers a better understanding of how to involve and engage seldom‐heard communities in a meaningful way around big data research. There is no one right approach, with involvement and engagement activities required to be project‐specific and dependent on the public contributors, researchers' needs, resources and time available.

Patient and Public Involvement

Two public contributors are authors of the paper and they were involved in the study design, analysis and writing.
How do the skin barrier and microbiome adapt to the extra‐uterine environment after birth? Implications for the clinical practice
Authors: Darlenski Razvigor , Fluhr Joachim W.
Published: January 2023

The multiple protective functions of the skin derive from the interactions between epithelial skin and immune cells as well as the commensal microbiota. Developed in the last trimester of intra‐uterine life, the skin barrier adapts dynamically after birth. Specific differences in the structure and physiology have been disclosed between infant and adult skin. The stratum corneum of infants is thinner and structured by thicker corneocytes with a more anisotropic surface in comparison to adult skin. Lower levels of the natural moisturizing factor and its constituents, together with the increased protease activity in the epidermis result in dry baby skin and ongoing adaptation of the desquamation to the extra‐uterine environment. Infant epidermis is characterized by an accelerated proliferation rate and clinically competent permeability barrier in term neonates, despite the higher baseline values of transepidermal water loss in infants. The skin surface of newborns is less acidic, which could increase susceptibility to diaper and atopic dermatitis. Immediately after birth, skin is colonized by commensal bacteria—a process dependent on the mode of delivery and of major importance for the maturation of the immune system. Skin bacterial diversity and dysbiosis have been related to different pathology such as atopic and seborrheic dermatitis. This paper focuses on the ongoing structural, functional and biochemical adaptation of the human skin barrier after birth. We discuss the interactions on the ‘skin barrier/ microbiota/ immune system’ axis and their role in the development of competent functional integrity of the epidermal barrier.
Evaluating high power laser therapy (HPLT) as treatment for chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis in paediatric patients with oncohematological diseases
Authors: Ludovichetti Francesco Saverio , Costa Giorgia , Signoriello Anna Giulia , Stellini Edoardo , Zerman Nicoletta , Biffi Alessandra , Mazzoleni Sergio
Published: January 2023

Background

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most debilitating side effects of chemotherapy. Among the current methods used in OM management, the feasibility of high power laser therapy (HPLT) has been proposed but not fully evaluated.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of HPLT in the treatment of OM in paediatric patients.

Design

Fourteen oncohematological paediatric patients treated with chemotherapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and affected by OM at different grades were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated with a class IV laser device in four sessions for four consecutive days, OM was evaluated with the WHO‐OTS scale. The perception of pain was assessed by the visual analog scale. Photographs of and information about lesions and patient questionnaires were taken and collected, respectively. Descriptive analyses and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (nonparametric test) were used, with a statistical significance of α = .05.

Results

After a week into the treatment, 57% of patients were completely healed, whereas the whole cohort experienced a drastic decrease in pain, from an average value of 5.8–1.1 (p = .0016). The average number of injuries per patient decreased from 7.4 to 3.1 (p = .008).

Conclusion

High power laser therapy appears to be a safe and efficacious method for managing OM. It reduces pain and severity of oral cavity injuries. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal parameters useful in OM treatment and to evaluate the relative effectiveness of HPLT to other treatments like LLLT.
High‐temperature oxidation of BN‐coated sylramic SiC fibers in dry and wet atmosphere
Authors: Avincola Valentina Angelici , Opila Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

The oxidation behavior of SiC Sylramic fibers coated with chemically vapor deposited Si‐doped boron nitride (BN) was investigated at temperatures between 800 and 1200°C in dry and wet O2atmospheres. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the oxidation kinetics of the fiber and the influence of the BN layer and the environment. The morphology and composition of the thermally grown oxide scale was determined posttest by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. This study gives new insights into the synergistic effects of BN and water vapor on the oxidation behavior SiC Sylramic fibers. The vulnerability of the BN fiber interphase and the behavior of the fiber under conditions relevant to high‐temperature turbine applications are discussed.
Hydrolysis‐induced simultaneous foaming and coagulation casting of secondary aluminum dross aqueous suspension
Authors: Li Wenhao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Shen Hanlin , Yang Junjie , Liu Ying , Liu Jun , Qu Ya‐Nan , Zhang Shengen , Yang Jinlong
Published: January 2023

The reactive AlN, heavy metal ions, and salts in secondary aluminum dross make them harmful to the environment and difficult to handle, and therefore categorized as hazardous solid waste. A novel, simple, and versatile technique has been proposed here to prepare hierarchically porous ceramics using secondary aluminum dross as the sole raw material, namely, the hydrolysis‐induced simultaneous foaming and coagulation casting method. As the main component, Al and AlN could be hydrolyzed to generate aluminum hydroxide sol, which can form three‐dimensional network and lead to the outstanding compressive strength of green body (7.03 MPa). Gas release during hydrolysis, high‐temperature oxidation of AlN, and metallic Al based on Kirkendall effect could account for the final multilevel pores. The utilization of harmful components in secondary aluminum dross, supplys an alternative colloidal forming way for porous green body with complex shape when combined with other ceramic powders or inorganic solid waste. Low sintering shrinkage of 1.38%–3.60% for hierarchically porous ceramics offers this highly effective and low‐cost method to be easily promoted for industrial production.
Giant dielectric response and grain heterogeneity of Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12–TiO2 composite ceramics fabricated by hydrothermal process
Authors: Tan Junlang , Guo Yong , Ren Futong , Zhao Jingchang
Published: January 2023

Due to the boom of the electronic information industry, dielectric ceramic materials are widely applied in passive components such as multilayer ceramic capacitors. In this article, Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12–TiO2 composite ceramics with outstanding dielectric properties (εr = 2.29 × 106 at 20 Hz, εr = 4.49×105 at 1 kHz) were successfully prepared by hydrothermal and in situ solid‐state methods. The minimum dielectric loss value (at 1 kHz) of the obtained composite ceramics is about 0.57. The experimental results show that Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 has a composite perovskite structure with cation vacancies, which causes internal electron‐pinned defect‐dipole, and the easy entry of excessive titanium ions to produce donor defects. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous grains with a pomegranate‐like microstructure were observed in the prepared composite ceramics, and interfacial polarization between subgrain boundaries was substantiated by impedance analysis. The abundant weakly trapped electrons and more polarized interfaces formed by grain and subgrain boundaries are the primary sources of the excellent dielectric properties of composite ceramics.
The efficacy of non‐surgical platelet‐rich fibrin application on clinical periodontal parameters and periostin level in periodontitis: Clinical trial
Authors: Al‐Rihaymee Sarah , Sh. Mahmood Maha
Published: January 2023

Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) has been widely used in regenerative dentistry due to many growth factors produced. Periostin, a matricellular protein, is a reliable marker for tissue regeneration. Periostin is part of the cellular matrix and regulates bone homeostasis. This study aims to explore the efficacy of PRF in improvement of the clinical periodontal parameters as an adjunct to the scaling and root planing and to evaluate periostin level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at baseline, 1‐ and 3‐month recall visits. Fourteen periodontitis patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Two contralateral periodontal pockets with 4–6 mm in depth in each patient were selected. The sites in every participant were randomly allocated into control sites or test sites. In control sites, only conventional scaling and root planing was carried out. In test sites, however, scaling and root planing method and PRF were applied. Periostin level in GCF and clinical periodontal parameters were measured. The test sites revealed greater relative attachment gain (2.614 ± 0.606 mm and 3.321 ± 0.668 mm) than control sites (1.285 ± 0.671 mm and 1.839 ± 0.632 mm) and a significant pocket reduction (2.535 ± 0.664 mm and 3.321 ± 0.668 mm) than the control sites (1.21 ± 0.508 mm and 1.892 ± 0.655 mm) at 1‐ and 3‐month recall visits respectively. In the test sites, level of periostin (48.83 ± 9.3 ng/μl and 98.90 ± 24.94 ng/μl) were greater than periostin levels in the control sites (42.65 ± 7.03 ng/μl and 49.29 ± 15.14 ng/μl) at 1‐ and 3‐month recall visits respectively. In conclusion, the non‐surgical application of PRF as an adjunct to scaling and root planing significantly improved the clinical periodontal parameters through raising periostin level in GCF.
Be prepared: Does psychological reattachment buffer the effect of a bad night's sleep on day‐specific work engagement and proactivity?
Authors: Schleupner Ricarda M. , Kühnel Jana , Melchers Klaus G. , Richter Selina S.
Published: January 2023

Psychological reattachment means mentally tuning into one's work before starting work in the morning. In this daily diary study, we investigated whether psychological reattachment may be beneficial not only for work engagement but also for proactivity during the day. We moreover considered two competing theoretical propositions regarding the role of psychological reattachment in the effect of sleep quality on work engagement and proactivity. The first proposition assumes a cognitive, self‐regulatory perspective in which psychological reattachment serves as a moderator, buffering the detrimental effect of poor sleep quality on work engagement and proactivity. The second proposition assumes an energetic process in which psychological reattachment may benefit from a good night's sleep and thus serve as a mediator for the beneficial effect of sleep quality on work engagement and proactivity. We conducted a daily diary study over ten consecutive workdays. Altogether, we collected data from 171 employees on 1186 days. The results indicated that on days with good sleep quality and higher psychological reattachment, work engagement and proactivity were higher. Day‐specific psychological reattachment buffered the negative effects of a poor night's sleep on work engagement, supporting the first of our competing hypotheses. Finally, we present ideas on how to foster psychological reattachment in practice.
Immune infiltration and diagnostic value of immune‐related genes in periodontitis using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Lai Donglin , Ma Wenhao , Wang Jie , Zhang Luzhu , Shi Junfeng , Lu Changlian , Gu Xuefeng
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives

Periodontitis, which is a chronic inflammatory periodontal disease resulting in destroyed periodontal tissue, is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Many studies have found that inflammatory immune responses are involved in the risk of periodontal tissue damage. Therefore, we analyzed the association between immunity and periodontitis using bioinformatics methods to further understand this disease.

Materials and Methods

First, the expression profiles of periodontitis and healthy samples were downloaded from the GEO database, including a training dataset GSE16134 and an external validation dataset GSE10334. Then, differentially expressed genes were identified using the limma package. Subsequently, immune cell infiltration was calculated by using the CIBERSORT algorithm. We further identified genes linking periodontitis and immunity from the ImmPort and DisGeNet databases. In addition, some of them were selected to construct a diagnostic model via a logistic stepwise regression analysis.

Results and Conclusions

Two hundred sixty differentially expressed genes were identified and found to be involved in responses to bacterial and immune‐related processes. Subsequently, immune cell infiltration analysis demonstrates significant differences in the abundance of most immune cells between periodontitis and healthy samples, especially in plasma cells. These results suggested that immunity doses play a non‐negligible role in periodontitis. Twenty‐one genes linking periodontitis and immunity were further identified. And nine hub genes of them were identified that may be key genes involved in the development of periodontitis. Gene ontology analyses showed that these genes are involved in response to molecules of bacterial origin, cell chemotaxis, and response to chemokines. In addition, three genes of them were selected to construct a diagnostic model. And its good diagnostic performance was demonstrated by the receiver operating characteristic curves, with an area under the curve of 0.9424 for the training dataset and 0.9244 for the external validation dataset.
The plasma and tissue kinetics of sulfadiazine and its metabolite in Ictalurus punctatus after oral gavage at two temperatures
Authors: Xu Ning , Cheng Bo , Yang Yibin , Liu Yongtao , Dong Jing , Yang Qiuhong , Zhou Shun , Song Yi , Ai Xiaohui
Published: January 2023

A plasma and tissue kinetic study of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and its metabolite, N4‐acetyl sulfadiazine (ACT‐SDZ), was characterized in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) following a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg at 18 and 24°C. Samples were collected at predetermined time points and determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. The classical one‐compartmental method was used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results showed that the changing of temperature was markedly influential on the kinetics of SDZ and ACT‐SDZ in plasma and tissues. When the temperature was increased from 18 to 24°C, the elimination half‐life (K10_HF) of SDZ was decreased in gill, kidney, and muscle + skin, but increased in liver and plasma. The K10_HF of ACT‐SDZ also had a decreased trend in gill, liver, and plasma but had comparable values in kidney and muscle + skin. The absorption half‐life (K01_HF), time to peak concentration (Tmax), and area under concentration–time curve (AUC0‐∞) of SDZ and ACT‐SDZ all exhibited declined tendencies in plasma and tissues. The apparent volume of distribution (V_F) of SDZ in plasma was increased from 0.53 to 1.48 L/kg, and the apparent systemic total body clearance (Cl_F) was increased from 0.028 to 0.060 L/h/kg. In a word, K01_HF, Tmax, and AUC0‐∞ of SDZ and ACT‐SDZ were decreased in plasma and tissues with the increase of temperature, whereas the V_F and Cl_F of SDZ were increased. Meanwhile, we calculated the percentage of time profile of SDZ concentration more than minimum inhibitory concentration to total time (%T > MIC) to guide clinical usage of SDZ. When the dosage interval was 24 h, the values of %T > MIC were all >90% in plasma and most tissues. Therefore, we recommend an oral dose of SDZ at 50 mg/kg once per 24 h at 18–24°C against the fish pathogens with an MIC value of ≤6.4 μg/mL.
Effects of starvation on the pharmacokinetics and optimal dosages of florfenicol and associated serum biochemistry in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Rairat Tirawat , Hsieh Ming‐Kun , Lu Yi‐Ping , Ho Wan‐Cih , Wu Ho‐Chien , Chou Chi‐Chung
Published: January 2023

Starvation has influence on physiology and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of many drugs in land animals. However, similar PK information in fish is lacking. The current study examined the effects of starvation on fish PK, taking florfenicol (FF) in Asian seabass as an example. FF was orally administered at a single dose of 10 mg/kg into 35‐day starved fish reared at 25 and 30°C and the serum FF concentration was analyzed by HPLC‐FLD. At 30°C, the absorption and elimination half‐lives of the starved fish were increased by 30% (from 0.44 to 0.57 h) and 55% (from 7.2 to 11.18 h), respectively. The volume of distribution, clearance, and area under the curve were changed from 1.25 to 0.71 L/kg, 0.120 to 0.044 L/kg/h, and 88 to 228 h·μg/ml, respectively. Similar starvation‐induced PK changes were also observed at 25°C. The serum biochemical parameters, mainly the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glucose levels, were significantly reduced in the starvation group. Overall, FF absorption, distribution, and elimination rates were reduced by starvation, resulting in four to five times lower optimal dosage than the non‐starved fish. Drug treatment in starved fish should be treated with caution as overdosing and/or tissue residues could perceivably occur.
Perceptions of intimate partner stalking and cyberstalking: Do perpetrator and victim gender and victims' responses to stalking influence perceptions of criminal behaviour and responsibility?
Authors: Gordon Daniel L. , Dardis Christina M.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

While the gender of stalking victims and perpetrators may affect perceptions of stalking, limited research has examined whether victim responses to stalking (i.e. ignoring or confronting the perpetrator) are similarly influential. The present study examined whether perpetrator and victim gender and victim response (ignore vs. asking the perpetrator to stop) were related to perceptions of stalking and cyberstalking.

Methods

Participants (N = 223) from the United States were randomly assigned to one of four vignettes (gender × victim response) that included both in‐person stalking and cyberstalking behaviours. Perceptions assessed included: whether police intervention was necessary, whether the scenario constituted a crime, and how responsible the perpetrator and victim were for the situation. They also rated how distressing they believed the in‐person (vs. cyberstalking) behaviours would be.

Results

Most of the participants believed police intervention was required (57.4%), yet fewer believed a crime occurred (32.7%). Overall, in‐person stalking behaviours were seen as more distressing than were cyberstalking behaviours. Men were perceived as more responsible than women when they were both victims and perpetrators. There was an interaction between gender and victim response to stalking, such that male victims who ignored the perpetrator were considered less in need of police intervention than female victims who ignored the perpetrator (and male and female victims who confronted the perpetrator).

Conclusions

Both male victims and perpetrators may be perceived as more responsible by juries and informal supports. Men may be viewed as less in need of law enforcement support unless they have already confronted their pursuer.
Cryptocoryne esquerionii (Araceae), a remarkable new species discovered by a citizen scientist in Zamboanga Peninsula, southwestern Philippines
Authors: Naive Mark Arcebal K. , Villanueva Reagan Joseph T. , Wongso Suwidji , Jacobsen Niels
Published: January 2023

A species new to science, Cryptocoryne esquerionii Naive & Wongso from the island of Mindanao is herein described and illustrated. It differs significantly from all other Cryptocoryne species by its yellow, colliculate spathe with a long acuminate apex. A detailed description, colour plates, phenology, geographical distribution information and a provisional conservation status are provided. The discovery of this new endemic species further highlights the importance of the citizen science in exploring and conserving the Philippine biodiversity.
Second‐Personal Approaches to Moral Obligation
Authors: Schaab Janis David
Published: January 2023

According to second‐personal approaches to moral obligation, the distinctive normative features of moral obligation can only be explained in terms of second‐personal relations, i.e. the distinctive way persons relate to each other as persons. But there are important disagreements between different groups of second‐personal approaches. Most notably, they disagree about the nature of second‐personal relations, which has consequences for the nature of the obligations that they purport to explain. This article aims to distinguish these groups from each other, highlight their respective advantages and disadvantages, and thereby indicate avenues for future research.
Assessing potential hybridization between a hypothetical gene drive‐modified Drosophila suzukii and nontarget Drosophila species
Authors: Wolf Sarah , Collatz Jana , Enkerli Jürg , Widmer Franco , Romeis Jörg
Published: January 2023

Genetically engineered gene drives (geGD) are potentially powerful tools for suppressing or even eradicating populations of pest insects. Before living geGD insects can be released into the environment, they must pass an environmental risk assessment to ensure that their release will not cause unacceptable harm to non‐targeted entities of the environment. A key research question concerns the likelihood that nontarget species will acquire the functional GD elements; such acquisition could lead to reduced abundance or loss of those species and to a disruption of the ecosystem services they provide. The main route for gene flow is through hybridization between the geGD insect strain and closely related species that co‐occur in the area of release and its expected dispersal. Using the invasive spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, as a case study, we provide a generally applicable strategy on how a combination of interspecific hybridization experiments, behavioral observations, and molecular genetic analyses can be used to assess the potential for hybridization.
Trans‐local action and local climate policy. Configurations of success for climate innovations in the European multilevel system
Authors: Corcaci Andreas , Kemmerzell Jörg
Published: January 2023

Local climate policy in Germany is embedded in a complex and dense multilevel system. While higher levels of governance confront cities with legal frameworks and regulations, they are not constrained to mere implementation of requirements from the national or supranational levels. Cities can influence and make strategic use of opportunities stemming from the multilevel structure to introduce innovative climate policy measures as best practices. Within a multilevel structure, they can engage in trans‐local action and become actors in various processes of upscaling. In this paper, we analyze the configurations of success for local climate innovations. We focus on the impact of cities' trans‐local and strategic activities within the European multilevel system in conjunction with city‐specific context conditions. The research is based on a concept‐structural framework that combines trans‐local activities and internal context conditions in a way that accounts for interactions between the two spheres. A comparison of the German cities of Darmstadt, Hagen, Offenbach, and Oldenburg indicates that configurations of strategic action in the multilevel system and beneficial local conditions explain the adoption of climate innovations. Therefore, such trans‐local action should not be understood as a sufficient condition of innovative climate policy measures, but as an enabling factor embedded in local contexts.
Current oral health services and the divergent needs of the baby boom cohorts
Authors: Rawal Kadambari , Calabrese Joseph
Published: January 2023

The two cohorts of Baby Boomers, the Early (born between 1945 and 1955) and the Late (born between 1956 and 1964), have some subtle yet distinct differences when it comes to their oral health and oral health related behaviors. Unlike their predecessors, the Baby Boomer cohorts are retaining more teeth, as there is a sharp fall in edentulous rates in this population. The oral health care community is now facing unparalleled challenges in providing and maintaining the oral health of this unique cohort who are keeping their teeth longer, have multiple comorbidities, and are living longer than previous generations. This paper draws from the latest studies, scientific data and research to describe a realistic picture of the oral health services available to and utilized by the Baby Boomers. The factors affecting utilization, their rising needs, demands, expectations, and areas where improvement is needed for the Baby Boomer are also reported here.