bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio comparativo de la centralidad y uso de Twitter de las televisiones autonómicas en los debates electorales del 26 M
Authors: Galletero Campos Belén , López Cepeda Ana María , Martínez Rodrigo Arturo
Published: April 2020

Introducción: Los debates electorales televisivos se ajustan a unas condiciones previamente pactadas, dentro de los cánones legales establecidos por la LOREG. Sin embargo, en el actual entorno comunicativo se produce un debate paralelo en la segunda pantalla sujeto a menor control. En este trabajo se analiza la conversación generada en Twitter durante ocho debates emitidos por las televisiones autonómicas durante la campaña del 26 de mayo de 2019. Metodología: Mediante el hashtag proporcionado para cada uno de ellos, se ha realizado un análisis de los principales núcleos de interacción y de la actividad de los perfiles oficiales de las televisiones durante los encuentros. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados indican que sólo en algunos casos las televisiones logran ser relevantes en el debate paralelo en Twitter y que apenas utilizan el potencial de la red social para generar conversación. Por otro lado, la equidad a la hora de mencionar a partidos políticos y candidatos queda supeditada a la propia deontología de cada ente.
Характеризация ограниченных множеств
в терминах асимптотических конусов и гомотетий
Authors: Marinov Anatolii Vyacheslavovich
Published: April 2020

Получена характеризация ограниченных множеств
в банаховых пространствах в терминах асимптотических конусов
и хаусдорфовых уклонений множеств от их гомотетий.
Приводятся аналогичные результаты для некоторых обобщений
понятия ограниченности. Ранее были известны критерии ограниченности
только для рецессивно компактных множеств.
Библиография: 12 названий.
CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN HISTÓRICA DEL MARKETING
Authors: Jácome-Santos Xavier , Zambrano-Vera Mónica , Cedeño-García Rossana
Published: April 2020

El presente manuscrito tiene como objetivo analizar los aspectos más relevantes de la conceptualización del marketing, definiéndolo según las etapas propuestas. Bajo este contexto, se define el período preconceptual, período conceptual formal y período actual del concepto de marketing. Además, se proponen las características del marketing, las subdivisiones fundamentales: estrategia y operatividad y se analiza la aplicación de este último. La principal diferencia a resaltar entre el marketing estratégico y el operativo es que la función principal del estratégico es fijar los objetivos a largo plazo mientras que el operativo se basa en acciones concretas a realizar en un plazo medio/corto para lograr los objetivos establecidos. Se analiza el caso puntual de China, que a pesar de ser una potencia mundial aún no desarrolla por completo el marketing estratégico, en contraste con su principal competidor, Estados Unidos.

Palabras clave: marketing, estrategia, operativo, conceptos, historia.
TENDENCIAS DEL MARKETING DEL SIGLO XXI APLICADAS AL EMPRENDIMIENTO SOCIAL
Authors: Contrera-Zambrano Ángel , Velásquez-Reyes Gabriel , Becerra-Ávila Mauricio
Published: April 2020

El marketing aporta valiosas estrategias en el desarrollo de proyectos de emprendimiento que permiten posicionar este tipo de negocios en el mercado. Por su parte, el emprendimiento social requiere de estrategias mercadotécnicas de carácter no lucrativo, que si bien pretenden diseñar y poner en marcha programas y proyectos sociales, no se aíslan de los conceptos básicos del marketing asociados con la permanente planificación de producto, precio, comunicación, distribución e investigación. En este trabajo se busca revisar la literatura científica referente a la estructura del marketing en el siglo XXI y su incidencia en el desarrollo del emprendimiento. El 90% de los emprendimientos no llega a los 3 años de vida, por lo tanto, a través de la investigación analítica, prospección estratégica y la inteligencia de negocios el marketing estratégico cuenta con herramientas especializadas y metodologías de vanguardia para generar la visibilidad deseada tanto en un proyecto de emprendimiento comercial como social.

Palabras clave: marketing, tendencias, sociedad, proyectos.
Optimal control of an abstract evolution variational inequality with application to homogenized plasticity
Authors: Meinlschmidt Hannes , Meyer Christian , Walther Stephan
Published: April 2020

The paper is concerned with an optimal control problem governed by a state
equation in form of a generalized abstract operator differential equation
involving a maximal monotone operator. The state equation is uniquely solvable,
but the associated solution operator is in general not
G\^ateaux-differentiable. In order to derive optimality conditions, we
therefore regularize the state equation and its solution operator,
respectively, by means of a (smoothed) Yosida approximation. We show
convergence of global minimizers for regularization parameter tending to zero
and derive necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for the regularized
problems. The paper ends with an application of the abstract theory to optimal
control of homogenized quasi-static elastoplasticity.
Un jardín rocoso. Cinco estampas de Ryōan-ji
Authors: Vela Castillo José
Published: April 2020

Five (woodblock) prints of Ryōan-ji presents five approaches to the famous dry garden located in the homonymous temple in Kyoto. The aim has been to explore through them different peculiarities of this garden, and by extension, of Japanese dry gardens of Zen inspiration. The fields explored include narrative (Kawabata), music (Cage and Takemitsu), cinema (Ozu, Iimura) and architecture (Isozaki and Mies, in passing). The main intention has not been to give a unitary vison of Ryōan-ji. Instead, like the dazzle at the end of a haiku, I tried to build a mechanism of partial enlightenments, to show, at least partially, its complex essence. A mechanism which, simultaneously, sheds light on the narrative, the music and the architecture presented. The real protagonist of the text is the particular spatiality that this garden brings to life and the temporality that goes along with it; but also the constant correspondences of the play of traces and possible meanings disseminated across the different media.
The effects of cloud–aerosol interaction complexity on simulations of presummer rainfall over southern China
Authors: Furtado Kalli , Field Paul , Luo Yali , Zhou Tianjun , Hill Adrian
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Convection-permitting simulations are used to understand
the effects of cloud–aerosol interactions in a case of
heavy rainfall over southern China.
The simulations are evaluated using radar observations from the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SCMREX) and
remotely sensed estimates of precipitation, clouds and radiation.
We focus on the effects of complexity in cloud–aerosol interactions,
especially the depletion and transport of aerosol material by clouds.
In particular, simulations with
aerosol concentrations held constant
are compared with a fully
cloud–aerosol-interacting system to investigate
the effects of two-way coupling between aerosols and clouds
on a line of organised deep convection.
It is shown that the cloud processing of aerosols can
change the vertical structure of the storm by using up
aerosols within the core of line, thereby maintaining a
relatively clean environment which propagates with the heaviest rainfall.
This induces changes in the statistics of surface rainfall, with a cleaner
environment being associated with less-intense but more-frequent rainfall.
These effects are shown to be related to
a shortening of the timescale for converting
cloud droplets to rain as the aerosol number concentration is decreased.
The simulations are compared to satellite-derived estimates of
surface rainfall, a condensed-water path and the outgoing flux of short-wave
radiation. Simulations for fewer aerosol particles outperform
the more polluted simulations for surface rainfall but
give poorer representations of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation.
The influence of water vapor anomalies on clouds and their radiative effect at Ny-Ålesund
Authors: Nomokonova Tatiana , Ebell Kerstin , Löhnert Ulrich , Maturilli Marion , Ritter Christoph
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The occurrence of events with increased and decreased integrated water vapor (IWV) at the Arctic site Ny-Ålesund, their relation to cloud properties, and the surface cloud radiative effect (CRE) is investigated. For this study, we used almost 2.5 years (from June 2016 to October 2018) of ground-based cloud observations processed with the Cloudnet algorithm, IWV from a microwave radiometer (MWR), long-term radiosonde observations, and backward trajectories FLEXTRA. Moist and dry anomalies were found to be associated with North Atlantic flows and air transport within the Arctic region, respectively. The amount of water vapor is often correlated to cloud occurrence, presence of cloud liquid water, and liquid water path (LWP) and ice water path (IWP). In turn, changes in the cloud properties cause differences in surface CRE. During dry anomalies, in autumn, winter, and spring, the mean net surface CRE was lower by 2–37 W m−2 with respect to normal conditions, while in summer the cloud-related surface cooling was reduced by 49 W m−2. In contrast, under moist conditions in summer the mean net surface CRE becomes more negative by 25 W m−2, while in other seasons the mean net surface CRE was increased by 5–37 W m−2. Trends in the occurrence of dry and moist anomalies were analyzed based on a 25-year radiosonde database. Dry anomalies have become less frequent, with rates for different seasons ranging from −12.8 % per decade to −4 % per decade, while the occurrence of moist events has increased at rates from 2.8 % per decade to 6.4 % per decade.
The incorporation of the Tripleclouds concept into the δ-Eddington two-stream radiation scheme: solver characterization and its application to shallow cumulus clouds
Authors: Črnivec Nina , Mayer Bernhard
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The treatment of unresolved cloud–radiation interactions in weather and climate models has considerably improved over the recent years, compared to conventional plane-parallel radiation schemes, which previously persisted in these models for multiple decades. One such improvement is the state-of-the-art Tripleclouds radiative solver, which has two cloudy and one cloud-free region in each vertical model layer and is thereby capable of representing cloud horizontal inhomogeneity. Inspired by the Tripleclouds concept, primarily introduced by Shonk and Hogan (2008), we incorporated a second cloudy region into the widely employed δ-Eddington two-stream method with maximum-random overlap assumption for partial cloudiness. The inclusion of another cloudy region in the two-stream framework required an extension of vertical overlap rules. While retaining the maximum-random overlap for the entire layer cloudiness, we additionally assumed the maximum overlap of optically thicker cloudy regions in pairs of adjacent layers. This extended overlap formulation implicitly places the optically thicker region towards the interior of the cloud, which is in agreement with the core-shell model for convective clouds. The method was initially applied on a shallow cumulus cloud field, evaluated against a three-dimensional benchmark radiation computation. Different approaches were used to generate a pair of cloud condensates characterizing the two cloudy regions, testing various condensate distribution assumptions along with global cloud variability estimate. Regardless of the exact condensate setup, the radiative bias in the vast majority of Tripleclouds configurations was considerably reduced compared to the conventional plane-parallel calculation. Whereas previous studies employing the Tripleclouds concept focused on researching the top-of-the-atmosphere radiation budget, the present work pioneeringly applies the Tripleclouds to atmospheric heating rate and net surface flux. The Tripleclouds scheme was implemented in the comprehensive libRadtran radiative transfer package and can be utilized to further address key scientific issues related to unresolved cloud-radiation interplay in coarse-resolution atmospheric models.
Assessment of the quality of TROPOMI high-spatial-resolution NO2 data products in the Greater Toronto Area
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyi , Griffin Debora , Fioletov Vitali , McLinden Chris , Cede Alexander , Tiefengraber Martin , Müller Moritz , Bognar Kristof , Strong Kimberly , Boersma Folkert , Eskes Henk , Davies Jonathan , Ogyu Akira , Lee Sum Chi
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aboard
the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite (launched on 13 October 2017) is a
nadir-viewing spectrometer measuring reflected sunlight in the ultraviolet,
visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared spectral ranges. The measured
spectra are used to retrieve total columns of trace gases, including
nitrogen dioxide (NO2). For ground validation of these satellite
measurements, Pandora spectrometers, which retrieve high-quality NO2
total columns via direct-sun measurements, are widely used. In this study,
Pandora NO2 measurements made at three sites located in or north of the
Greater Toronto Area (GTA) are used to evaluate the TROPOMI NO2 data
products, including a standard Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
(KNMI) tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 data product and a TROPOMI
research data product developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada
(ECCC) using a high-resolution regional air quality forecast model (in the
air mass factor calculation). It is found that these current TROPOMI
tropospheric NO2 data products (standard and ECCC) met the TROPOMI
design bias requirement (< 10 %). Using the statistical
uncertainty estimation method, the estimated TROPOMI upper-limit precision
falls below the design requirement at a rural site but above in the other
two urban and suburban sites. The Pandora instruments are found to have
sufficient precision (< 0.02 DU) to perform TROPOMI validation work.
In addition to the traditional satellite validation method (i.e., pairing
ground-based measurements with satellite measurements closest in time and
space), we analyzed TROPOMI pixels located upwind and downwind from the
Pandora site. This makes it possible to improve the statistics and better
interpret the high-spatial-resolution measurements made by TROPOMI. By using
this wind-based validation technique, the number of coincident measurements
can be increased by about a factor of 5. With this larger number of
coincident measurements, this work shows that both TROPOMI and Pandora
instruments can reveal detailed spatial patterns (i.e., horizontal
distributions) of local and transported NO2 emissions, which can be
used to evaluate regional air quality changes. The TROPOMI ECCC NO2
research data product shows improved agreement with Pandora measurements
compared to the TROPOMI standard tropospheric NO2 data product (e.g.,
lower multiplicative bias at the suburban and urban sites by about 10 %),
demonstrating benefits from the high-resolution regional air quality
forecast model.
Unique role of jellyfish in the plankton ecosystem revealed using a global ocean biogeochemical model
Authors: Wright Rebecca Mary , Le Quéré Corinne , Buitenhuis Erik , Pitois Sophie , Gibbons Mark
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Jellyfish are increasingly recognised as important components of the marine ecosystem, yet their specific role is poorly defined compared to that of other zooplankton groups. This paper presents the first global ocean biogeochemical model that includes an explicit representation of jellyfish, and uses the model to gain insight into the influence of jellyfish on the plankton community. The PlankTOM11 model groups organisms into Plankton Functional Types (PFT). The jellyfish PFT is parameterised here based on our synthesis of observations on jellyfish growth, grazing, respiration and mortality rates as functions of temperature and on jellyfish biomass. The distribution of jellyfish is unique compared to that of other PFTs in the model. The jellyfish global biomass of 0.13 PgC is within the observational range, and comparable to the biomass of other zooplankton and phytoplankton PFTs. The introduction of jellyfish in the model has a large direct influence on the crustacean macrozooplankton PFT, and influences indirectly the rest of the plankton ecosystem through trophic cascades. The zooplankton community in PlankTOM11 is highly sensitive to the jellyfish mortality rate, with jellyfish increasingly dominating the zooplankton community as its mortality diminishes. Overall the results suggest that jellyfish play an important and unique role in regulating marine plankton ecosystems, which has been neglected so far.
Meteorological observations in tall masts for mapping of atmospheric flow in Norwegian fjords
Authors: Furevik Birgitte Rugaard , Ágústson Hálfdán , Lauen Borg Anette , Zakari Midjiyawa , Nyhammer Finn , Gausen Magne
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Since 2014, 11 tall meteorological masts have been erected in coastal areas of mid-Norway in order to provide observational data for a detailed description of the wind climate at several potential fjord crossing sites. The planned fjord crossings are part of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) Coastal Highway E39-project. The meteorological masts are 50–100 m high and located in complex terrain near the shoreline in Halsafjorden, Julsundet and Storfjorden in the Møre og Romsdal county of Norway. Observations of the three-dimensional wind vector are done at 2–4 levels in each mast, with a temporal frequency of 10 Hz. The dataset is corroborated with observed profiles of temperature at two masts, as well as precipitation, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and dew point at one site. The first masts were erected in 2014 and the measurement campaign will continue to at least 2024. The current paper describes the observational setup and observations of key atmospheric parameters are presented and put in context with observations and climatological normals from a nearby reference weather station. The quality-controlled 10-minute and 10 Hz data as well as other meteorological parameters is publicly available through Arctic Data Centre (https://adc.met.no/datasets/10.21343/z9n1-qw63; Furevik et al., 2019).
Ozone measurement practice in the laboratory using Schönbein's method
Authors: Ramirez-Gonzalez Ignacio Arturo , Añel Juan Antonio , Cid Samamed Antonio
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We present a laboratory technique to measure tropospheric ozone, following a traditional method
developed by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in the 19th century. The aim is to familiarise students with both
the scientific method and the concepts of pollution and climate change, taking advantage of the possibilities of a very cheap
hands-on approach over other existing theoretical ones. Also, this teaching activity can help the students to understand the
differences between objective and subjective analysis. Moreover, they can make effective use of new technologies and photography.
We include a description of how to conduct the lesson at two different
levels of complexity (advanced and basic) to allow us to adapt it to the capacity of the students. The advanced level includes
the production in the lab of paper strips as they were produced in the 19th century, whilst the basic level does not.
This practice is suitable for use by both high school and first-year undergraduate students and was presented in high schools
during a communication campaign to celebrate the annual Galician Scientist Day. We evaluate the teaching approach used through
the results from collected surveys and feedback received from the students and teachers.
Calibrating a long-term meteoric 10Be delivery rate into Western US glacial deposits through a comparison of complimentary meteoric and in situ-produced 10Be depth profiles
Authors: Clow Travis , Willenbring Jane K. , Schaller Mirjam , Blum Joel D. , Christl Marcus , Kubik Peter W. , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Meteoric 10Be (10Bemet) concentrations in soil profiles great potential as a geochronometer and a tracer of Earth surface processes, particularly in fine-grained soils lacking quartz that would preclude the use of in situ-produced 10Be (10Bein situ). One prerequisite for using this technique for accurately calculating rates and dates is constraining the delivery, or flux, of 10Bemet to a site. However, few studies to date have quantified long-term (i.e. millennial) delivery rates. In this study, we compared existing concentrations of 10Bein situ with new measurements of 10Bemet in soils sampled from the same depth profiles to calibrate a long-term 10Bemet delivery rate. We did so on the Pinedale and Bull Lake glacial moraines at Fremont Lake, Wyoming (USA) where age, grain sizes, weathering indices, and soil properties are known, as are erosion/denudation rates calculated from 10Bein situ. After ensuring sufficient beryllium retention in each profile, solving for the delivery rate of 10Bemet via Monte Carlo simulations, and normalizing to Holocene-average paleomagnetic intensity, we calculate best-fit fluxes of 0.92 (+/− 0.08) × 106 and 0.71 (+0.09/−0.08) × 106 atoms cm−2 y−1 to the Pinedale and Bull Lake moraines, respectively, and compare these values to two widely-used 10Bemet delivery rate estimation methods. Accurately estimating 10Bemet flux using these methods requires careful consideration of spatial scale as well as temporally varying parameters (e.g. paleomagnetic field intensity) to ensure the most realistic estimates of 10Bemet-derived erosion rates in future studies.
Model uncertainties of a storm and their influence on microplastics / sediment transport in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Osinski Robert Daniel , Enders Kristina , Gräwe Ulf , Klingbeil Knut , Radtke Hagen
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Microplastics (MP) are omnipresent in the aquatic environment where they pose a risk to ecosystem health and functioning. Little is, however, known about the concentration and transport patterns of this particulate contaminant. Measurement campaigns remain expensive and assessments of regional MP distributions need to rely on a limited number of samples. The prediction of potential MP sink regions in the sea would thus be beneficial for a better estimation of MP concentration levels and a better sampling design. Based on a sediment transport model, this study investigates the transport of different MP model particles, PET and PVC particles with sizes of 10 and 330 μm, under storm conditions. A storm event was chosen because extreme wave heights cause intense sediment erosion down to depths unaffected otherwise, and are therefore critical for determining accumulation regions. The calculation of metocean parameters for such extreme weather events is subject to uncertainties. This sensitivity study targets the propagation of uncertainty from the atmospheric conditions to MP erosion and deposition, on the basis of freely available models and data. We find that atmospheric conditions have a strong impact on the quantity of eroded and deposited material. Thus, even if the settling and resuspension properties of MP were known, a quantitative transport estimation by ocean models would still show considerable uncertainty due to the imperfect knowledge of atmospheric conditions. The uncertainty in the transport depends on the particle size and density, transport of the larger and denser plastic particles only takes place under storm conditions. Less uncertainty exists in the location of erosional and depositional areas, which seems to be mainly influenced by the bathymetry. We conclude, while quantitative model predictions of sedimentary MP concentrations in marine sediments are hampered by the uncertainty in the wind fields during storms, models can be a valuable tool to select sampling locations for sedimentary MP concentrations to support their empirical quantification.
Seismic waveform tomography of the central and eastern Mediterranean upper mantle
Authors: Blom Nienke , Gokhberg Alexey , Fichtner Andreas
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We present a seismic waveform tomography of the upper mantle beneath the central and eastern Mediterranean down to the mantle transition zone. Our methodology incorporates in a consistent manner the information from body and multimode surface waves, source effects, frequency dependence, wavefront healing, anisotropy and attenuation. This allows us to jointly image multiple parameters of the crust and upper mantle. Based on the data from ∼ 17 000 unique source–receiver pairs, gathered from 80 earthquakes, we image radially anisotropic S velocity, P velocity and density. We use a multi-scale approach in which the longest periods (100–150 s) are inverted first, broadening to a period band of 28–150 s. Thanks to a strategy that combines long-period signals and a separation of body and surface wave signals, we are able to image down to the mantle transition zone in most of the model domain. Our model shows considerable detail in especially the northern part of the domain, where data coverage is very dense, and displays a number of clear and coherent high-velocity structures across the domain that can be linked to episodes of current and past subduction. These include the Hellenic subduction zone, the Cyprus subduction zone and high-velocity anomalies beneath the Italian peninsula and the Dinarides.
This model is able to explain data from new events that were not included in the inversion.
An active tectonic field for CO2 storage management: the Hontomín onshore case study (Spain)
Authors: Pérez-López Raúl , Mediato José F. , Rodríguez-Pascua Miguel A. , Giner-Robles Jorge L. , Ramos Adrià , Martín-Velázquez Silvia , Martínez-Orío Roberto , Fernández-Canteli Paula
Published: April 2020

Abstract. One of the concerns of underground CO2 onshore storage is the triggering of induced seismicity and fault reactivation by the pore pressure increasing. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of the tectonic parameters involved in the storage rock formation is mandatory for safety management operations. Unquestionably, active faults and seal faults depicting the storage bulk are relevant parameters to be considered. However, there is a lack of analysis of the active tectonic strain field affecting these faults during the CO2 storage monitoring. The advantage of reconstructing the tectonic field is the possibility to determine the strain trajectories and describing the fault patterns affecting the reservoir rock. In this work, we adapt a methodology of systematic geostructural analysis to underground CO2 storage, based on the calculation of the strain field from kinematics indicators on the fault planes (ey and ex for the maximum and minimum horizontal shortening, respectively). This methodology is based on a statistical analysis of individual strain tensor solutions obtained from fresh outcrops from the Triassic to the Miocene. Consequently, we have collected 447 fault data in 32 field stations located within a 20 km radius. The understanding of the fault sets' role for underground fluid circulation can also be established, helping further analysis of CO2 leakage and seepage. We have applied this methodology to Hontomín onshore CO2 storage facilities (central Spain). The geology of the area and the number of high-quality outcrops made this site a good candidate for studying the strain field from kinematics fault analysis. The results indicate a strike-slip tectonic regime with maximum horizontal shortening with a 160 and 50∘ E trend for the local regime, which activates NE–SW strike-slip faults. A regional extensional tectonic field was also recognized with a N–S trend, which activates N–S extensional faults, and NNE–SSW and NNW–SSE strike-slip faults, measured in the Cretaceous limestone on top of the Hontomín facilities. Monitoring these faults within the reservoir is suggested in addition to the possibility of obtaining a focal mechanism solutions for micro-earthquakes (M<3).
Towards a webcam-based snow cover monitoring network: methodology and evaluation
Authors: Portenier Céline , Hüsler Fabia , Härer Stefan , Wunderle Stefan
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Snow cover variability has a significant impact on climate and the environment and is of great socioeconomic importance for the European Alps. Terrestrial photography offers a high potential to monitor snow cover variability, but its application is often limited to small catchment scales. Here, we present a semiautomatic procedure to derive snow cover maps from publicly available webcam images in the Swiss Alps and propose a procedure for the georectification and snow classification of such images. In order to avoid the effort of manually setting ground control points (GCPs) for each webcam, we implement a novel registration approach that automatically resolves camera parameters (camera orientation; principal point; field of view, FOV) by using an estimate of the webcams' positions and a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). Furthermore, we propose an automatic image-to-image alignment to correct small changes in camera orientation and compare and analyze two recent snow classification methods.
The resulting snow cover maps indicate whether a DEM grid is snow-covered, snow-free, or not visible from webcams' positions. GCPs are used to evaluate our novel automatic image registration approach. The evaluation reveals a root mean square error (RMSE) of 14.1 m for standard lens webcams (FOV<48∘) and a RMSE of 36.3 m for wide-angle lens webcams (FOV≥48∘). In addition, we discuss projection uncertainties caused by the mapping of low-resolution webcam images onto the high-resolution DEM. Overall, our results highlight the potential of our method to build up a webcam-based snow cover monitoring network.
Brief communication: CESM2 climate forcing (1950–2014) yields realistic Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance
Authors: Noël Brice , van Kampenhout Leonardus , van de Berg Willem Jan , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Wouters Bert , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We present a reconstruction of historical (1950–2014) surface mass
balance (SMB) of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) using
a high-resolution regional climate model (RACMO2; ∼11 km) to dynamically downscale the climate of the
Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2; ∼111 km). After further statistical downscaling to
1 km spatial resolution, evaluation using in situ SMB
measurements and remotely sensed GrIS mass change shows good
agreement. Comparison with an ensemble of previously conducted
RACMO2 simulations forced by climate reanalysis demonstrates that
the current product realistically represents the long-term average
and variability of individual SMB components and captures the
recent increase in meltwater runoff that accelerated GrIS mass
loss. This means that, for the first time, climate forcing from an
Earth system model (CESM2), which assimilates no observations, can be
used without additional corrections to reconstruct the historical
GrIS SMB and its recent decline that initiated mass loss in the
1990s. This paves the way for attribution studies of future GrIS
mass loss projections and contribution to sea level rise.
Next Generation of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy: Targeted and Immuno-Therapies
Authors: Chan Sze Wah Samuel , Smith Elliot
Published: April 2020

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Current clinical trials are focused on developing the next generation of therapies that target novel anti-cancer mechanisms. One approach is to prime the immune system, as the cancer has been known to suppress immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. Using pharmacotherapy, the immune system can be unleashed and suppress the cancer’s growth. Another pathway is targeting known oncogenic genes that are important for the cancer’s growth and survival. In lung cancer, the epidermal growth factor receptor and several other mutated proteins are targets of small-molecule inhibitors that have been shown to drastically improve patient survival and quality of life. Discussed in this review are broad highlights of the different immunotherapies and small molecule targeted therapies that have been studied in the latest clinical trials for lung cancer.
Fostering Europe’s Future Physician-Scientists: An Interview with European MD/PhD Association Chairman Dr. André dos Santos Rocha
Authors: Ryan Paul M. , Dos Santos Rocha André
Published: April 2020

Dr. André dos Santos Rocha is a Resident Physician in Intensive Care Medicine & Anaesthesiology and a current MD-PhD student in the Department of Acute Medicine at the University of Geneva. In parallel, he is also the current Chairman of the European MD/PhD Association (EMPA), a role in which he coordinates a diverse group of highly-driven MD-PhD students. EMPA is a not-for-profit organisation which was founded with the central aims of bringing together MD-PhDs from across Europe, fostering a comfortable setting for networking, promotion of European scientific collaborations and support for research and mobility of European MD-PhD students. One of the main medium through which EMPA achieves a number of these lofty goals is their annual conference, which is typically held in conjunction with one of the national associations. I met with André after the recent European and Swiss MD-PhD Conference in Geneva to discuss his experience in this role and what the future holds for EMPA.
The COVID-19 Pandemic Through the Lens of a Medical Student in India
Authors: Chatterjee Surobhi
Published: April 2020

Online education in the pandemic era is a necessity for some and a substitute for others. Like any other form of communication, online education too has its fair share of constraints. Though, it has tried to address the lag of access during the time of pandemic but its universal access is still a matter of deep concern. As the pandemic progresses, so will our dependence on online education which needs to be tailored for students, educators and institutions.
Fichte's Existential Logic
Authors: Zimmer Amie Leigh
Published: April 2020

Rather than adopting a view of Fichte as a “proto-existentialist,” as some scholars have suggested, I instead aim to develop an account which articulates a fundamental existential structure which helps to elucidate and situate later notions of existential subjectivity by accounting for its condition of possibility. In this vein, existentialism not only articulates a certain kind of being in the world but a logical condition of the structure of subjectivity itself. I call this structuring condition existential logic, and locate it in Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre. I develop the term existential logic instead of merely attributing to Fichte the term existential-ism or existentialist, insofar as I aim to locate an operative structure within the being who then becomes an existential subject for whom existential engagement is only then possible. The term existential logic suggests that the striving of the self both with and against the world—as existential phenomenology would have it—is a structure inherent within Fichte's logical deduction and formulation of the Absolute I.
A Corpus-Based Study of Heteroglossic Features in 2018 BRICS Talk from the Perspective of Engagement System
Authors: Guo Guihang , Xu Danni
Published: April 2020

Under the guidance of engagement system, which belongs to appraisal theory, this study analyzes data from 2018 BRICS talk through both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative approach is used to find out the list, characteristics and frequency of engagement resources of the speakers’ utterance. Qualitative approach is employed to explore what interpersonal meaning it implies and how speakers position their own voices among the multi-voices. The results show that the theme of 2018 BRICS talk is about cooperation, development, unilateralism, protectionism, and opportunity for BRICS. With regard to engagement resources, expansion resources are used much more frequently than contraction resources. Furthermore, most of the speakers prefer entertain resources, especially, median and low value of modality resources. Within contraction sub-system, speakers are more willing to use disclaim rather than proclaim to contract dialogic space because proclaim may present more obvious subjective intervention. The engagement distribution features do present interpersonal meaning of BRICS members. On one hand, speakers tend to open up the dialogic space and welcome different opinions from other BRICS members, which indicates that a harmonious discussion atmosphere is established in 2018 BRICS talk. Moreover, median and low values of modality make it easier for audience to accept their points of view and helpful to establish solidarity with other BRICS members because high value modality is sort of assertive. On the other hand, the 2018 BRICS Talk is about sensitive political issues including protectionism, unilateralism and the 4th industry revolution. Therefore, opinions on those topics unavoidably differ from each other. In such cases, speakers prefer to use disclaim resources to reject others’ opinion so as to make clear their own points of view.
Cultural Homelessness, Social Dislocation and Psychosocial Harms: An Overview of Social Mobility in Hong Kong and Mainland China
Authors: Hung Jason
Published: April 2020

In order to facilitate collective decision making and breed productivity, it is important to ensure societies operate in a fair and just manner. Chinese literature has a propensity of relying on sociological theories from the modern West, prompting the review essay to address theories of capital, social mobility, cultural preferences and otherwise based on leading western literature. This review essay addresses how an increase in social mobility of those from lower social origins results in cultural homelessness and social dislocation, in relations to the experiences of psychosocial harms. As per western studies, the review essay examines the extent of cultural homelessness, social dislocation and psychosocial harms faced by upwardly mobilising cohorts in Hong Kong and China. To conclude, the essay argues upwardly mobilising cohorts in Hong Kong and China are likely to experience cultural homelessness, and the corresponding cohorts in China face salient problems of social dislocation. The encounters of cultural and social dilemmas are associated with the experiences of psychosocial harms for both populations.
Use of Ground Penetrating Radar, Hydrogeochemical Testing, and Aquifer Characterization to Establish Shallow Groundwater Supply to the Rehabilitated Ni-les’tun Unit Floodplain: Bandon Marsh, Coquille Estuary, Oregon, USA
Authors: Peterson Curt D. , Jol Harry M. , Percy David , Perkins Robert
Published: April 2020

Fluvial-tidal wetlands in the Ni-les’tun Unit (~200 hectares) of the Bandon Marsh, Coquille Estuary, Oregon, were analyzed for shallow aquifer conditions that could influence surface water-qualities in reconstructed marsh, pond, and discharge/tidal channels. The wetlands were surveyed for pre-historic channel features, depth to groundwater surface (GWS), and subsurface salinity intrusion by ground penetrating radar (GPR) in 50 profiles, totaling 11.1 km in track line distance. Only small flood-discharge/tidal channel features (<10 m width and 1–2 m depth) were recorded in the interior floodplain areas. GWS reflections were observed at 0.5–2.0 depth, where the GPR signal was not obscured by localized salinity intrusion (~0.5 km landward distance) from the adjacent Coquille Estuary channel. Top-sealed piezometers (1.5–2.0 m depth) were installed at 10 sites, where in-situ groundwaters were monitored for temperature (8.5–16.5° C), conductivity (<100–18,800 μS cm-1), and pH (2.5–7.8) on a seasonal basis. Dissolved oxygen was semi-quantitatively measured (ChemSticks) at some sites, and all sites were monitored (fall, winter, summer) for GWS level. Low dissolved oxygen (DO <1 ppm) at four sites was of particular concern for potential discharge into small channels that were to be constructed for juvenile salmonid nursery habitat. The horizontal and vertical asymmetries of conductivity (salinity), used as a conservative groundwater source tracer, and measured GWS elevation trends (gradients) led to a four-part flow model for shallow groundwater supply in the Ni-les’tun floodplain. Freshwater supplied, in part, by hillslope discharge contributes to low pH and low DO water quality in the shallow aquifer. Saline water, supplied by subsurface salinity intrusion and evaporative capillary rise, could introduce salinity toxicity to isolated (stagnant) surface ponds. Following construction of a dense channel network (2009–2011) by the Bandon Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, selected Ni-les’tun channel waters (13 sites) were monitored (2011-2012) for resulting water-quality. The tidally-connected channels generally showed improved water-quality relative to groundwater in some nearby piezometer sites. However, low-quality groundwater supply compromised some channel reaches (DO ~2.0–4.7 ppm) that depended on groundwater recharge from hillslope discharge during either summer or winter conditions.
An Administration of the New Electronic Identity Management System in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ayeni Oluwadare
Published: April 2020

The implementation phase of any policy either at the global, national, regional or organizational level has one important driving force, the policy strategies. They serve as the mapping hedge for controlling potential deviation or shortfall from the policy targets using the policy outcomes as the checker. Drawing its strength from a wide gap between the targets and outcomes of the National Policy on Identification System in Nigeria, this paper examines the policy strategies employed by the relevant agency for the ongoing implementation of the new Identification System using a qualitative and quantitative method. 31 staff of the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) representing 10% of the study population (311) was administered with a closed-ended questionnaire, and in-depth interview conducted among some senior officers of the Commission. Percentages and narrative analysis were used to analyse the data. Findings showed that deployment of a user-friendly pre-enrollment electronic interface (57.1%); deployment of national ICT infrastructure (57.1%); inter-agencies collaboration (50%) were the only effective strategies among those identified by the study. The study submitted that most of the existing implementation strategies employed for the new Identification Policy in Nigeria are not effective. It further recommended among others decentralization of the enrollment process as well as an effective deployment of mobile registration centers to fast-track attainment of the targets set out in policy under review.
Contemporary threats to professional sport resulting from beginning specialist training too early
Authors: Umiastowska Danuta , Domańska Urszula
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Professional sport aims at the highest feat forcing players to achieve such a form guaranteeing victory. The career of a young athlete and focus on strict sports specialisation starts very early. The threat to professional sport comes from technological progress and the lack of natural, general forms of activities in the early school period, and resulting in movement pattern disorders and compensations resulting from them. Aim. Presentation of contemporary threats to professional sport resulting from the early implementation of sport specialisation. Research materials and methods. The research material is a group of 60 girls and 60 boys (15-19 y.o.) attending sports schools in the West Pomeranian voivodeship. The research was carried out in the period from 2015-2019 by means of questionnaire implementation. Results. The respondents declared lack of movement and general development activities in the early school period. Very early direction towards a particularly chosen sport caused a number of dysfunctions of the movement apparatus and influenced the occurrence of injuries and breaks in sports training. Moreover, it caused early termination of sports career among 70% of players. The exceptions were swimmers and water rescue participants. Conclusions. 1. Among the examined girls and boys, there was a regression in the continuation of sports career by young people attending sports schools. 2. The reason for the early completion of sports training may be the lack of movement and general development training in the early school period, and sports specialisation began far too early.
Um roteiro de entrevista clínica centrada na pessoa para a graduação médica
Authors: Wenceslau Leandro David , Fonseca Victor Kelles Tupy da , Dutra Luíza de Alcântara , Caldeira Letícia Gonçalves
Published: April 2020

O ensino de habilidades de comunicação clínica na graduação médica encontra nos princípios e componentes do Método Clínico Centrado na Pessoa (MCCP) uma referência importante para a definição de suas competências. No entanto, mesmo tendo contato com o MCCP em sua formação, é frequente que estudantes de medicina recorram à utilização da anamnese tradicional centrada na agenda médica como um roteiro mais seguro para realização de suas entrevistas. Propomos, como uma hipótese para essa dificuldade dos estudantes, a falta de uma tradução do MCCP em um roteiro padronizado de entrevista médica, especialmente para ensino na graduação. Neste relato, a partir de modelos de entrevista clínica centrada na pessoa (ECCP) selecionados da literatura internacional, apresentamos a primeira etapa de um roteiro de ECCP original, adaptado ao cenário brasileiro. O objetivo deste relato é oferecer uma referência de fácil utilização em língua portuguesa e que possa ser aprimorada pelos profissionais envolvidos com o ensino de comunicação clínica na educação superior no Brasil. Estudos empíricos ainda são necessários para endossar uma utilização mais ampla da proposta aqui apresentada.
The Relationship between Recruiter Burnout, Work Engagement and Turnover Intention: Evidence from Serbia
Authors: Ivanovic Tatjana , Ivancevic Sonja , Maricic Milica
Published: April 2020

Contemporary research on disorders in modern-day work environment marks burnout among employees in different professions as an important disorder with serious consequences. Practice has shown that recruiters are one of the professions frequently facing burnout. The relationship between burnout, work engagement and turnover intention has often been investigated in the literature. However, even though scholars are increasingly interested in these relationships in other professions, there is a growing need for studies evaluating the relationship between the three concepts among human resource (HR) professionals, particularly recruiters. Having this in mind, the aim of this study is to identify, understand and examine the relationship between burnout, engagement and turnover intention of recruiters in Serbia. The data was collected using an online questionnaire within a sample of 100 recruiters in Serbia. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used for measuring burnout, UWES-9 for measuring work engagement and TIS-6 for measuring turnover intention. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used for evaluating the relationships between burnout, turnover intention and work engagement. The results of the research showed that work engagement has a negative impact on burnout and that burnout has a positive impact on turnover intention, while the relationship between work engagement and turnover intention was not confirmed. The correlation analysis confirmed all three examined relationships. The results largely support the findings from the literature for other professions confirming that employees who suffer from a high degree of burnout are more likely to have a turnover intention. Finally, the implications of these results and recommendations for organizations and recruiters themselves to prevent and decrease burnout are discussed. The findings of this study can make a contribution to the specific academic literature on burnout among recruiters and initiate further research on this topic of high interest.