bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Alchemy and Supervised Injection: Anthropological Activism and Application
Authors: Small Dan
Published: April 2016

Many barriers to health care interventions are principally cultural rather than technical. North America's first and only supervised injection facility, known as Insite, where injection drug users legally inject illicit drugs within a government funded and sanctioned setting, illustrates the cultural roots of health care. Its establishment is a story of intentional cultural change that required the identification of implicit and explicit values about addiction as part of an anthropological action plan. The plan involved changing narratives so that supervised injection could become culturally possible. This essay reviews how an action-based strategy, rooted in practiced anthropology, was deployed to overcome narrative obstacles to create and protect a medically defensible but culturally controversial program located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Screen Position and Proprioception
Authors: Boucher Marc
Published: April 2016

My contribution to critical and artistic dialogues within the intersecting fields of dance and screen-based images consists in examining the role of peripheral vision in the perception of dance in artistic contexts where projections are used. There is, as I will point out, sufficient evidence from phenomenological and neuro-physiological accounts to conclude that motion perception is affected by peripheral visual perceptions. Consequently, it is maintained that the spectator’s experience of dance, especially when screens are involved, depends to some degree on peripheral visual perception, which in turn contributes to proprioception.
Faces, Close-ups and Choreography: A Deleuzian Critique of So You Think You Can Dance
Authors: Dodds Sherril , Hooper Colleen
Published: April 2016

In everyday life the face occupies a central position within human expression and social interaction: its features are perceived to present a unique identity, and we breathe, consume and communicate through our faces. In this article, we explore two ideas as a means to examine the “screendance face.” First we introduce the notion of “facial choreography” to reflect on how the screen apparatus produces representations of dancing faces informed by aesthetic and social values. Secondly, we develop the concept of a “choreographic interface,” which we conceive as an intertextual site of meaning whereby a dancing face both references and enters into a dynamic exchange with other faces. While these two concepts could be applied to any screendance face, to elucidate these ideas in motion, we turn to a specific screendance case study: an audition clip from So You Think You Can Dance, which features Brian Henry, a 22-year old African American man from Brooklyn, New York, who specializes in krumping.
Poetic Phenomenology in Thierry De Mey's Screendances: Open Corporealities, Responsive Spaces, and Embodied Experiences
Authors: Walon Sophie
Published: April 2016

De Mey’s screendances are often praised for the extreme precision of their composition and framing, their dazzling editing, and their highly musical qualities. This undeniable technical virtuosity largely explains why his films often bewitch and hypnotize their spectators. However, the critical emphasis on this particular facet of his screendances portrays them as only being concerned with artful creativity, (over)stylization, and aesthetic perfection: through this lens, his films are seen merely as an expression of brilliant formalism. In this essay, I will try to point out another aspect of De Mey’s films (including his collaborations with choreographers such as Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker) as constructing a poetic vision of the world in which bodies and spaces closely interact and entwine.
From the Editors
Authors: Rosenberg Douglas , Kappenberg Claudia
Published: April 2016

No abstract available
Editorial
Authors: Rosenberg Douglas , Kappenberg Claudia
Published: April 2016

No abstract available
Full Issue
Authors: Bench Harmony
Published: April 2016

No abstract available
Hovering on Screen: The WOW-Affect and Fan Communities of Affective Spectatorship on So You Think You Can Dance
Authors: Benthaus Elena
Published: April 2016

In this article I argue that the television dance franchise So You Think You Can Dance fosters and encourages what I call affective viewing practices and communities of affective spectatorship, which are specifically related to the "WOW-affect" created by its affective bodies. I use the term 'affect' to indicate the relationship between screens, athletic/virtuosic bodies, sound, and movement as one of excessive stimulation, resulting in intensities, or affects, which are circulated between screens and bodies as particular moments of suspense. In this sense, affect can be located in the gap between the impact of a stimulation on the skin-surface and a more coherent, cognitive response to this stimulation. The WOW as an utterance in relation to the athletic/virtuosic screen bodies and their affective impact gives voice and physical expression to the excess of intensities as a not-yet-cognitive suspended response. The notion of the WOW-affect, combining the utterance with a specific affective impact, is closely linked to the vaudeville show aesthetics of using an intensely spectacular movement series at the end of a routine to 'stop the show' by stunning the audience and suspending their reaction for a brief moment in time. Hence, the WOW-affect is a particular reaction to the experience of movement.
Transauthorial Screendance: Stravinsky’s Exquisite Corpse, or Brief Notes on Creating an International Omnibus Project
Authors: Hayes Marisa C.
Published: April 2016

In honor of the first centenary surrounding the pivotal composition and ballet Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) in 2013, Franck Boulègue and I coordinated a collective screendance project entitled Sacre/ilège(s). Created in collaboration with 65 international artists, we sought to explore the ongoing presence of Le Sacre du Printemps internationally and to harness its wide reaching artistic influence in order to create an omnibus cycle of films. While hundreds of stage versions of Le Sacre du Printemps exist, it has rarely been imagined for the screen and is normally identified with an individual artist's vision (Stravinsky's music, Nijinsky or Pina Bausch's choreography, among others). Diverging from these familiar components seemed a fitting tribute to a production whose original look and sound shook the cultural landscape of its era, affecting multiple generations of artists thereafter. This provided the impetus for our first foray into transauthorial screendance and raised a number of questions on the nature of collaboration, community, and authorship: What forms of collaboration are possible for the screen today? Does collaboration itself form a community? Does collaboration represent a compromise on the part of the individual artist or does it simply construct a larger authorial composite? Despite the significance of these questions throughout the history of art—and moving images in particular—these subjects are rarely addressed or explored at screendance platforms today.
Review: Body Knowledge Performance, Intermediality, and American Entertainment at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, by Mary Simonson
Authors: Cisneros Rosa Maria
Published: April 2016

In this book, Mary Simonson examines the American entertainment in the early 1900's, a time of great transformation in which boundaries were challenged and redefined. Her main tool in this examination is "intermediality," a notion which is traditionally found in discussions relevant to media. Simonson argues that intermediality allows one to cast a new look into the past which brings to light things that might have been overlooked. She assists the reader in exploring the interconnectedness between various disciplines, and ultimately enriches the current discourse on performance and musicological values and methodologies. The author highlights that intermediality has often been used to describe new media and postmodernism and in this book she sets out to prove how intermediality lends itself to examining early twentieth-century performances. Simonson's viewpoint offers the reader a bird's eye view on the performers' work in America at the turn of the twentieth century.
Editors’ note: On Community, Collaboration, and Difference
Authors: Bench Harmony , Ellis Simon
Published: April 2016

No abstract available
Novos rumos para disseminação e recuperação da informação científica em saúde coletiva.
Authors: Cabral Julio Cesar , Mendonça Ana Valéria Machado
Published: April 2016

Trata-se de uma investigação nos processos de publicização da informação científica em Saúde Coletiva. Diante da dinâmica de informacionalização da Internet, cujo volume de conteúdos gerados não tem precedentes, certamente a disseminação e a recuperação das informações tornam-se mais difíceis e imprecisas; neste cenário em que o pesquisador não consegue acompanhar o volume de informação disponibilizado, a busca e recuperação da informação é um desafio. Objetivou-se observar que ações as editoras científicas em Saúde Coletiva estão adotando para tratar esta problemática.Observou-se entre as Editoras a adoção de novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação, periódicos eletrônicos, Open Access, a adoção da prática de união de interesses, por meio de consórcios institucionais e o uso sistemas interoperantes. Com uma abordagem quantitativa, baseia-se em uma observação sobre uma base amostral de sítios de editoras científicas, estratificadas pelo WebQualisda CAPES em A1; A2; B1; B2; B3; B4; B5 e C por área do conhecimento de Saúde Coletiva.
Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis: Implication for Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a disease of genomic instability, evasion of immune cells, and adaptation of the tumor cells to the changing environment. Genetic heterogeneity caused by tumors and tumor microenvironmental factors forms the basis of aggressive behavior of some cancer cell populations.CONTENT: Cancers arise in self-renewing cell populations and that the resulting cancers, like their normal organ counterparts, are composed of hierarchically organized cell populations. Self – renewing “cancer stem cells” (CSC) maintain tumor growth and generate the diverse populations constituting the tumor bulk. CSCs in multiple tumor types have been demonstrated to be relatively resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. The clinical relevance of these studies has been supported by neoadjuvant breast cancer trials that demonstrated increases in the proportions of CSCs after therapy. The CSC hypothesis has tremendously important clinical implications.SUMMARY: In summary, a large and accumulating body of evidence supports the CSC hypothesis, which has important implications for cancer prevention and therapy. The ultimate test of this hypothesis will require clinical trials demonstrating that targeting of these pathways reduces cancer incidence and improves outcomes for patients with cancer.KEYWORDS: Somatic mutation, tumor heterogeneity, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, CSC niche
Comparison of chromosomal architecture of Sahiwal and crossbred Sahiwal cattle
Authors: Subramanyam B. V. , Laxmi P. Jaya , Punyakumari B. , Sivakumar A. V.N.
Published: April 2016

The karyological investigation using 16 purebred Sahiwal and 16 Jersey X Sahiwal cattle (8 males and 8 females of each genetic group) revealed the diploid chromosome number to be 60. All the 29 pairs of autosomes were acrocentric, while the X – chromosome was sub-metacentric in both the genetic groups. Acrocentric Y chromosome of Sahiwal differed from small submetacentric chromosome of Jersey X Sahiwal cattle in its morphology. The relative length of autosomes ranged from 1.74 ± 0.01 to 5.28 ± 0.02 in Sahiwal and from 1.72 ± 0.01 to 5.26 ± 0.02 in Jersey X Sahiwal crosses. X – Chromosome was the second largest chromosome in both the genetic groups. The contribution of X and Y chromosomes to the total genome were 5.07 and 1.99 per cent to the total genome in Sahiwal and 5.06 and 2.20 per cent in Jersey X Sahiwal cattle, respectively. The arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index for the X-chromosome of Sahiwal and Jersey X Sahiwal cattle were 1.89, 0.35, 2.87 and 1.84, 0.36, 2.76, respectively. The arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index for the Y-chromosome of Jersey X Sahiwal cattle were 1.63, 0.35 and 1.41, respectively.
Embryonic and larval development of an endangered catfish, Horabagrus brachysoma
Authors: Sahoo S. K. , Ferosekhan S. , Saha A. , Giri S. S. , Paramanik M.
Published: April 2016

The fertilised eggs of Asian sun catfish, Horabagrus brachysoma (Günther 1864) were demersal and pale yellow in colour with equal perivitelline space. First cleavage appeared at 49 min (± 3 min) and the size of the blastomeres reduced as the development stage proceeded. Morula stage was reached 3 h 37 min (± 15 min) post-fertilization. The embryonic development from morula to hatching took about 16-17 h. The hatching of eggs started at 20 h 46 min (± 28 min) post-fertilization. The newly hatched yolk-sac larvae were 3-4 mm in length. A membranous layer was found covering from behind the head to posterior part of yolk-sac. Eye, mouth, alimentary canal, barbells and pectoral fins were appeared in the 3 days after hatch (dah). The membranous layer started rupturing at fifth day of post-hatch and disappeared during 9-12 dah with the appearance of fins in different parts of body. Pigments on dorsal side of body appeared in 2 dah larvae and the 10-12 dah larva looked pale brown in colour. After 12 dah, the larva morphologically resembled like an adult fish.
Effect of Poly-herbal mixture and butyric acid feeding on immune parameters of postpartum Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Chandra Subhash , Oberoi P. S. , Singh P. K. , Barjibhe S. , Kumar Amit , Bhakat M. , Kumar Narender , Dang Ajay Kumar
Published: April 2016

The present study was conducted in 24 Murrah buffaloes to study the effect of supplementation of poly-herbal mixture and butyric acid with the objective to reduce parturition stress and to improve immunity. In this study, control group i.e T0 (n=6) was offered ration as per NRC requirement plus 10 % and the rest of three supplemented groups T1, T2 and T3 (n=6 for each group) were offered ration as per control group along with three different supplementations, (T1= poly-herbal supplementation for seven day post partum, T2= poly-herbal supplementation for seven day post partum + 200 ml butyric acid supplementation (30 day prepartum and 30 day postpartum) and T3= 200 ml butyric acid supplementation (30 day prepartum and 30 day postpartum). Total leukocyte count (TLC) values in all groups showed decreasing trend as observed on 1st, 2nd and 5th days of postpartum. On the 1st day of postpartum, blood neutrophil percentage was found significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in T2 and T3 group as compared to T0 group. On the 5th day of postpartum, blood neutrophil percentage were found significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in T1, T2 and T3 groups as compared to T0 group. On day one postpartum, the phagocytic activity (PA) and myeloperoxidase activity (MA) was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the T2 and T3 group of buffaloes in comparison to T0 group. On the 5th day of postpartum PA and MA were found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the T1, T2 and T3 group of buffaloes in comparison to T0 group. These results indicate that supplementation of poly-herbal, poly-herbal + butyric acid and butyric acid during the transition period reduces the stress and improves immunity in Murrah buffaloes. Out of all the supplemented groups, maximum improvement was observed in the poly-herbal+butyric acid supplemented group.
Effect of environment factors on milk production and lactation length under different seasons in crossbred cattle
Authors: Mote S. S. , Chauhan D. S. , Ghosh Nilotpal
Published: April 2016

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different macro climatic variables on lactation milk yield and lactation length of Holdeo (Holstein Friesian x Deoni) crossbred cattle. Milk data of 145 Holdeo crossbred cows with 619 lactation records and the meteorological data over a period of 15 years (1995-2009) were obtained from Cattle Cross Breeding Project, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani and University Meteorological Observatory, respectively. It was observed that maximum temperature has significant correlation with lactation milk yield; whereas maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine hours and wind speed have significant correlation with lactation length. Regression analysis indicated that all the climatic variables except minimum temperature exhibited significant regression results with lactation milk yield, and maximum temperature, minimum temperature and maximum humidity have significant regression results with lactation length. All the climatic variables considered in the study accounted for 75 % and 65 % direct variation on lactation milk yield and lactation length, respectively, as verified by the value of coefficient of determination (R2). It was observed that lactation milk yield (1136.56 + 21.04 kg.) and lactation length (295.29 + 5.51 days) were highest among the cows calved during winter season as compared to rainy and summer season. All the climatic variables considered in the study accounted for 57% , 56 % and 48 % direct variation on milk yield and 68% , 53 % and 46 % direct variation on lactation length in rainy, winter and summer season, respectively, as verified by the value of coefficient of determination (R2). This research indicated that crossbred cows were sensitive to seasonal changes on their lactation performance. The optimum ranges of temperature; humidity and THI for better performance of crossbred in subtropical region of India were found to be 19-26 oC, 52-66 % and 65-68 %, respectively.
Prevalence of antibodies to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in blood and milk serum in dairy cattle in Kars district of Turkey
Authors: Yilmaz Volkan
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to detect of antibodies against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in blood and milk serum samples. With this aim, a total of 192 blood and milk samples were collected from unvaccinated Holstein cows in Kars district of Turkey. Blood and milk serum samples were tested to determine the presence of antibodies against BVDV by commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study, while 172 of blood serum (89.58%) were found to be positive for the presence of BVDV antibodies, 161 of milk serum samples (83.85%) were positive. In addition, 150 (78.12%) both blood and milk serum samples of same cattle were positive for BVDV antibodies. Only 22 (11.45%) blood serum of cattle was detected positive for BVDV, while only 11 (5.73%) milk serum was seropositive. Data obtained from the study showed the presence of BVDV infection in dairy herds in the Kars region and demonstrate that blood serum and milk serum samples might be consistent with one another in the determination of BVDV seroprevalence.
Studies on physiological responses of bullocks of tribal district of Odisha under varying drafts and seasons
Authors: Ghosal M. K. , Behera D. , Mohapatra A. K.
Published: April 2016

The present study was carried out to find out the effects of draft and seasons on the physiological responses of small sized Mottu (non-descript breed of bullocks of tribal districts of Odisha) bullocks (Pair weight-450 kg) in test track with the help of CIAE animal loading car at Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during summer, rainy and winter season in the year 2009. The study showed that rise of pulse rate was sharp from the initial values during 1st hour of work at all drafts and seasons except in case of 9 and 10 % drafts in winter season. But sharp rise of respiration rate was observed in summer season only. Thereafter, rise of pulse rate and respiration rate were gradual. Comparison of pulse rate, respiration rate and body temperature within seasons at a particular draft and duration revealed that season had significant effect on these parameters.
Social Media Management
Authors: Montalvo Roberto E.
Published: April 2016

The article focuses on the influence that social media is having on the corporate landscape. It offers a view of recent activity in corporate social media management hiring and contrasts it to the webmaster hiring during the mid-1990s. The hiring activity reflects the growth in time people are spending online – socially. It also describes how social media management influences brand awareness and brand reputation. It explains the core business competencies of strategy development; business analytics; creativity; and collaboration. The article cites the level of hiring as a call for academic course offerings in corporate social media management.
Burgernomics: An Instructional Case on the Law of One Price
Authors: Schmidt Carolin E.
Published: April 2016

Jane just moved back to her hometown in Western New York to start a job at a bank. One evening, she meets her old friend Sally, who traveled the world for the past five months and tells Jane about her experiences with the different price levels in all the countries that she visited. Jane, being a recent graduate in international economics and finance, understands the underlying dynamics that are due to exchange rate theory and sheds light on the price discrepancies prevailing between the different currencies.This case focuses on the construction of the Big Mac index and on conveying the theoretical basis of the index (Purchasing Power Parity and the Law of One Price) to undergraduate students in business and economics. It is appropriate for use in undergraduate courses such as international finance, financial markets or international economics. It could also be used in (international) marketing courses to show the importance of product pricing.
Indexação compartilhada de artigos: ICAP e periódicos jurídicos – o caso da revista Nomos da UFC
Indexing shared of articles: ICAP and legal journals - the case of the Nomos in UFC
Authors: Mendonça Marina Alves de , Silva Jonathas Carvalho
Published: April 2016

Aborda a importância de ações cooperativas entre bibliotecas, tratando especificamente da indexação compartilhada, através da experiência da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) com a indexação de “Nomos: revista do curso de mestrado em Direito da UFC” na Indexação Compartilhada de Artigos de Periódicos (ICAP) da Rede Pergamum de Bibliotecas. Apresenta a seguinte pergunta como ponto de partida para discussão: “Como é desenvolvida a indexação compartilhada da revista Nomos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFC?”. Objetiva descrever o processo de atividades de indexação compartilhada da revista Nomos a partir do serviço ICAP. Apresenta as características dos periódicos jurídicos e destaca a importância dessa iniciativa para a divulgação da informação científica, a otimização do tempo gasto nas atividades de catalogação e padronização de dados entre bibliotecas, proporcionadas pela cooperação bibliotecária.Palavras-chave: Bibliotecas – Cooperação. Serviços de indexação e resumos. Periódicos - Direito.Abstract Discusses the importance of cooperative actions among libraries, specifically addressing the indexing shared, through the experience at the Library of Faculty of Law in the Federal University of Ceara (UFC - Universidade Federal do Ceará) with indexing of "Nomos: revista do curso de mestrado em Direito da UFC" in Indexing Shared Journal Articles (ICAP) of Pergamum Library Network. Presents the following question like a starting point for discussion: “How is developed indexing shared the journal Nomos of the Graduate Program in Law at the UFC?”. Aims describe the process of indexing activities shared of journal Nomos from the ICAP service. Presents the characteristics of juridical journals and highlights the importance of that initiative for the dissemination of scientific information, to optimize the time spent in the activities of cataloging and standardization of data between libraries, provided by cooperation librarian.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERIAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN REBUSAN SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia sp.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli
Authors: - Roslizawaty , Ramadani Nita Yulida , - Fakhrurrazi , - Herrialfian
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan rebusan sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp.) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Sarang semut lokal yang diperoleh dari Pasar Lambaro Aceh Besar diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah isolat Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas ekstrak etanol sarang semut dengan konsentrasi 25 dan 50%, rebusan sarang semut, kontrol positif yang diberi ciprofloksasin 5 µg, dan kontrol negatif yang diberi etanol 96% yang digunakan sebagai pelarut ekstrak. Uji antibakteri ekstrak dan rebusan sarang dilakukan mengunakan metode Kirby Bauer, dengan jumlah bakteri yang disesuaikan dengan standar kekeruhan Mc Farland 3. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol sarang semut dan rebusan sarang semut mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli. Rata-rata zona hambat ekstrak etanol sarang semut 25%, 50%, rebusan sarang semut, kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif secara berturut-turut adalah 10,3; 11,5; 6,67 ; 0; dan 26,3 mm. Ekstrak etanol sarang semut memiliki zona hambat yang lebih luas dibandingkan dengan rebusan dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak semakin luas zona hambat yang terbentuk
Influence of Population Density of Broiler Chickens (Gallus sp.) in Cages to the Hypertrophy of Adrenocortical Cells
Authors: Budiman Hamdani , Sugito Sugito , Nanda Widya , Hanafiah Muhammad , Salim Muhammad Nur , Ismail Ismail
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of population density of broiler chickens (Gallus sp.) in the cages to the hypertrophy of adrenocortical cells. This study was conducted using complete randomized design (CRD) with 84 broiler chickens. All chickens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replications. Each group consists of 4 chickens (K1), 6 chickens (K2), 8 chickens (K3), and 10 chickens (K4). Chickens were rear from aged of 2 days up to 35 days. The histopathological examination of adrenal glands were performed by cpllected the adrenal glands of chickens then proceed to histopathological method and stained with haematoxylin eosin (HE). The percentage of hypertrophy of adreno cortical cells was calculated. The results of statistical analysis showed that the population densities of broiler chickens had highly significant effect (P<0.01) to the histopathology of adrenal gland. The highest average of hypertrophy was found in K4 group which had highest population of broiler chickens. To conclude, the highest the dense population of broiler chickens in the cage, the highest the number of hypertrophy of adenocortical cells. Key words: population density, hypertrophy of adrenocortical cell
Parasitemia Level of Male White Mice (Mus musculus L.) DDY Strain Infected with Trypanosoma evansi of Pidie and Pemalang Isolate
Authors: Sari Febiola Rama , Fahrimal Yudha , Balqis Ummu , Subekti Didik T. , Wardana Aprilia , Hambal Muhammad
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to observe parasitemia of DDY white mice infected with T. evansi of Pidie and Pemalang isolates obtained from Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner (BBPV) Bogor. Twelve DDY mice were divided into 3 groups, each group consisted of 4 mice. Mice in the first group were not treated with any treatment. The second group was inoculated with 104 T. evansi Pidie isolate and the third group was inoculated with 104 T. evansi of Pemalang isolate. Mice blood were collected every two days from tail vein for parasitemia. examination Parasitemia examination was conducted until all mice die. The results indicate that there was difference in parasitemia level between the two isolates. Parasitemia of mice infected with Pidie isolate characterized by rapid rise of parasitemia in blood (107-108/mL of blood) in a short time (2-4 days) since first parasitemia was detected and followed by death at day 4. While the parasitemia of mice infected with Pemalang isolate increased in the blood (108-109/mL of blood) on day 4 and maintained for a few more days and then fluctuated for a few more days before the animal died.Key words: Trypanosoma evansi, parasitemia, pidie isolate, pemalang isolate
Blood Glucose Levels on Beagle (Canis familiaris) in Kenagarian Mungo, Luak District Lima Puluh Kota West Sumatra
Authors: Arisman Afrio , Sugito Sugito , Zuhrawati Zuhrawati , Hasan M. , Harris Abdul , Azhar Azhar
Published: April 2016

This research aimed to determine glucose levels of beagle which is maintained by Sports Association of Pig Hunting (PORBI) in Kenagarian Mungo Sub-district Luak District Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatra. Blood samples were collected from 20 beagles. Blood sampling was performed during fasting time and two hours postprandial. Data were analyzed with analysis of Chisquare (x2). The results showed that mean glucose level in the fasting state beagle was 63.45±11.84 mg /dl and two hours postprandial was 93.45±12.52 mg/dl. The test results showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) postprandial, hunting frequency and multivitamin injection on blood glucose levels. The test results showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the frequency of feeding and supplementary feeding on blood glucose levels. Conclusion average blood glucose levels beagle still in the normal range. There is a difference in blood glucose between two hours postprandial with a fasting blood glucose levels and the difference between the hunting frequency and giving multivitamins injection on blood glucose levels and there was no difference on blood glucose levels between the frequency feeding, and supplemental feeding.Key words: beagle, glucose levels, hunting, multivitamins
Root and Shoot Responses of Summer Maize to Waterlogging at Different Stages
Authors: Ren Baizhao , Zhang Jiwang , Dong Shuting , Liu Peng , Zhao Bin
Published: April 2016

The specially designed soil columns experiment was conducted to determine effects of waterlogging for 6 d at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6), and the 10th day after the tasseling stage (10VT) on root growth and development of summer maize (Zea mays L.). Results showed that waterlogging significantly decreased root length, root length density, and number of root tips compared to the control (CK). Waterlogging significantly reduced the total absorption area and active absorption area with the most significant reduction in treatment at V3. The active absorption area of roots at V6, tasseling (VT), milking (R3), and physiological maturity (R6) stages decreased by 68, 67, 57, and 67%, respectively, due to waterlogging at V3. In addition, waterlogged plants generally had much lower root bleeding rates, which were significantly decreased by 46, 28, and 13% from the control by the treatment at V3, V6, and 10VT stages, respectively. The negative effects of waterlogging on root growth and development led to abnormal development of the aboveground biomass, resulting in significant reductions in dry matter, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, and yield. Compared with grain yield of CK, yields under the treatments at V3, V6, and 10VT stages were reduced by 26, 21, and 13%, respectively. Responses of summer maize root growth and grain yield to waterlogging depended on the growth stage. Summer maize was most susceptible to waterlogging damage at V3 stage, followed by V6 and 10VT stages.

Core Ideas

We investigated summer maize root growth in response to waterlogging at different stages.

We realized summer maize root was most susceptible to damage when waterlogging occurred at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT.

Waterlogging reduced grain yield of summer maize, for the delay of root growth.
Hybrid and Pureline Hard Winter Wheat Yield and Stability
Authors: Koemel John E. , Guenzi Arron C. , Carver Brett F. , Payton Mark E. , Morgan George H. , Smith Edward L.
Published: April 2016

Pureline wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars continue to dominate production fields in the southern Great Plains despite numerous attempts to introduce hybrids during the past 28 yr. The objective of this study was to analyze yield trends and yield stability in both hybrid and pureline entries in the Oklahoma Variety‐Hybrid Performance Nursery (VHPN). Grain yield data from 1975 to 1995 from four locations were selected and analyzed by relative yield indices. Regression equations across time were calculated for both hybrids and purelines relative to the mean performance of long‐term check cultivars. Both hybrids and purelines evidenced yield improvement, with the yield of hybrids, in general, increasing at a greater rate than that of purelines. Predicted values in the last year tested indicated a 10.9% advantage of hybrids over purelines. Stability parameters were compared by regressing hybrid and pureline yields on an environmental index based on location mean yields for checks. Regression coefficients for hybrids and purelines were not significantly different from one, nor from each other. Confidence intervals for hybrid and pureline performance generally overlapped throughout the observed yield ranges, indicating no divergence in predicted grain yield as environmental yield potential increased. No significant differences in stability between hybrids and purelines were found by comparing variances represented by the pooled deviations for each cultivar type. Hybrid wheat offers an opportunity for increased grain yield in the southern Great Plains of the USA, but without a stability advantage over pureline cultivars.
Congruency of Quantitative Trait Loci Detected for Agronomic Traits in Testcrosses of Five Populations of European Maize
Authors: Mihaljevic Renata , Utz H. Friedrich , Melchinger Albrecht E.
Published: April 2016

Congruency of estimated positions and effects of QTL in different samples of the same cross or different crosses is an indicator of the reliability of these estimates and their usefulness in marker‐assisted selection (MAS). We investigated the influence of the sample and genetic background on QTL congruency among five populations of European maize (Zea mays L.). Three samples derived from the same cross comprised 344 (A × BI) and 109 (A × BII) F2:3 as well as 71 F4:5 (A × BIII) lines. Two other crosses comprised 109 (A × C) and 84 (C × D) F3:4 lines. All lines were topcrossed to the same inbred tester and evaluated in four or five environments. A combined linkage map of RFLP marker data from all five populations was used in composite interval mapping (CIM). The total number of QTL identified for five agronomically important traits was 42 in A × BI, 18 in A × BII, 20 in A × BIII, 28 in A × C, and 23 in C × D. Averaged across traits, the proportion p of the genetic variance explained by these QTL varied between 50.4% in the largest population A × BI and 30.7% in a population of considerably smaller size (A × BII). Cross validation (CV) yielded substantially lower estimates of p Between 10 and 24% of the 42 QTL from A × BI were also detected within a 20‐cM interval in the other four populations. Incongruent QTL among A × B samples were due to the low power of QTL detection and the large bias in QTL estimates. The genetic correlations between predicted (based on QTL positions from one population) and observed phenotypic values in another population were highest among A × B samples with a maximum of 0.68 for plant height. Congruency of QTL was found for kernel weight, protein concentration, and plant height and was mainly attributable to one or few QTL of moderate to large size. If more cost‐effective than phenotypic selection, MAS will be promising for these traits.
Protein Composition and Quality of Some New Hard White Winter Wheats
Authors: Pike P. R. , MacRitchie F.
Published: April 2016

The production of hard white winter (HWW) wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) in the USA is expected to increase in the future and to replace, at least to some extent, the traditional hard red winter (HRW) wheats that are currently grown. To monitor the effects of this change, nine HWW wheat lines including new cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for protein composition and functional quality and compared with eight corresponding HRW wheat lines. The percentages of the different classes of proteins, measured by size exclusion‐HPLC, were similar in HWW lines to those of the HRW lines. Quality characteristics of the white wheat lines as measured by lactic acid solvent retention capacity, mixograph dough development times, and bake‐test bread volume also equaled those for the red wheats. These data should serve as a benchmark for HWW wheats as more cultivars are released.
Boron Fertilization of Bentgrass
Authors: Guertal E. A.
Published: April 2016

Although many states recommend boron (B) fertilizer for fiber, fruit, and vegetable crops, information about B fertilization of turfgrasses is lacking. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of B fertilization on clipping yield, shoot production, and turf color in a creeping bentgrass {Agrostis palustris Huds. [= A. stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.]} putting green. Both greenhouse and field studies were conducted, with B added at rates of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mg kg−1 B in the greenhouse study, and rates of 0, 1.1, 2.2, and 4.4 kg B ha−1 in the field study. Bentgrass in the greenhouse study was grown in a sand and peat mix, while bentgrass in the field study was grown on a native soil (loamy sand) putting green. Studied bentgrass cultivars were Penn A2, Penn G1, Penn G6, SR1020, Dominant, L‐93, Crenshaw, and Penncross. In the greenhouse study, dry weight of bentgrass shoots increased as B rate increased. In the field study, in one year of two, B uptake by bentgrass increased as B rate increased. Dry weight of clippings, thatch depth, shoot density, and turf color were unaffected by B fertilization, indicating that B fertilization in the loamy sand soil was not needed. Increases in shoot dry weight observed in the greenhouse study suggest that further study of B fertilization of bentgrass in sand‐based greens might be warranted.
Endogenous Cytokinin Levels and Growth Responses to Extended Photoperiods for Creeping Bentgrass under Heat Stress
Authors: Wang Zhaolong , Xu Qingzhang , Huang Bingru
Published: April 2016

Summer bentgrass decline is associated with inhibition of plant growth and cytokinin production. This study was designed to investigate whether shoot and root growth and cytokinin production for creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) exposed to heat stress would be improved by extending photoperiod. ‘Penncross’ plants were initially grown in growth chambers at 20/15°C (day/night) and at a 14‐h photoperiod for 60 d, and then exposed to 33/28°C (heat stress) with three different photoperiods: 14 (control), 18, and 22 h (extended photoperiod) daily for 32 d. Root number, fresh weight, viability, turf quality, and shoot extension rate declined during heat stress at the 14‐h photoperiod. The decline was delayed and suppressed by extending photoperiod from 14 to 18 or 22 h. Root growth, turf quality, and shoot extension rate increased with extending photoperiod. Cytokinin content in roots and leaves also decreased during heat stress at the 14‐h photoperiod. Plants at the 22‐ and 18‐h photoperiods maintained higher cytokinin content in roots at 16 and 32 d of heat stress. The differences in total cytokinin content in leaves among photoperiod treatments were mainly due to the variations in trans‐zeatin [6‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐enylamino) purine], zeatin riboside {6‐[(E)‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐enylamino]‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine} and isopentenyl adenosine [iPA, 6‐(3,3‐dimethylallylamino)‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine]. Cytokinin content in leaves at the 14‐ and 18‐h photoperiods decreased at 16 d of stress, but at the 22‐h photoperiod it did not decrease until 32 d. These results demonstrated that extended photoperiod increased root and shoot growth and endogenous cytokinin levels under heat stress, suggesting that extended photoperiod could alleviate heat injury in creeping bentgrass.
Emergence and Survival of Legumes Seeded into Pastures Varying in Landscape Position
Authors: Guretzky John A. , Moore Kenneth J. , Knapp Allen D. , Brummer E. Charles
Published: April 2016

Landscape position affects legume establishment in pastures. We conducted this study to (i) determine the role of emergence and survival on establishment of legumes on summit and backslope positions and (ii) examine how competition, as influenced by sward‐cutting height and N fertilization, affects legume emergence and survival across these positions. We no‐till drilled a mixture composed of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) into an existing cool‐season grass pasture at Rhodes, IA, in 1998 and 1999. Treatments consisted of landscape positions (summit and backslope), N fertilizer rates (0, 22, 44, and 89 kg ha−1), and sward heights (uncut, 5, and 13 cm). Landscape position did not affect legume emergence in swards cut at 5 and 13 cm. At those heights, emergence averaged 1041 and 831 seedlings m−2 In swards cut at 5 cm, 62 plants m−2 survived on summits vs. 183 plants m−2 on backslopes. Legume emergence and survival generally decreased as sward height and N fertilization increased but interactions with landscape position occurred. Addition of 89 kg ha−1 N was required to reduce survival on backslopes to 39 plants m−2, a density similar to that on summits. Our results show that seedling survival limits legume establishment on summit positions in pastures. Legume establishment is successful on backslopes because of less competition from grass. We recommend that legumes be seeded on backslope positions in pastures, N fertilizer not be applied, and grass competition be reduced before seeding legumes in pastures.
Genetic Relationships among Smooth Bromegrass Cultivars of Different Ecotypes Detected by AFLP Markers
Authors: Ferdinandez Yasas S. N. , Coulman Bruce E.
Published: April 2016

Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), the most commonly cultivated perennial bromegrass species in North America, belong to three ecotypes; northern, intermediate, and southern. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic relationships of cultivars belonging to these ecotypes by amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers. Seven AFLP primer combinations produced 176 polymorphic markers, which occurred in different frequencies in different cultivars, with no ecotype or cultivar specific markers. Cluster analysis and principle component analysis grouped the cultivars according to their pedigrees rather than by ecotypes. The southern cultivars (Baylor, Lincoln, Beacon, and Blair), older cultivars developed in Iowa and Nebraska, grouped distantly to the rest of the cultivars. The recently developed southern type cultivars (Badger, Alpha, and Radisson) were grouped closely with the intermediate type cultivars (Magna and Signal). The northern type cultivars (Carlton, Jubilee, and S‐7133) grouped with the recently developed southern and intermediate cultivars. The close association of the recently developed southern cultivars to the intermediate and the northern cultivars but distinct from the older southern cultivars may indicate introgression of northern ecotype germplasm into the former. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the 14 cultivars indicated a higher within‐population variation (85%) than the among‐population variation (15%). Higher molecular variations observed in the recently developed southern and some northern cultivars reflect the diverse genetic backgrounds of the source populations. The older southern cultivars showed the lowest molecular variation due to the narrow genetic background of the source populations. This study shows that AFLP markers can be used to differentiate phenotypically similar smooth bromegrass cultivars according to their breeding history, which will aid in future smooth bromegrass breeding projects.
A Microsatellite Marker and a Codominant PCR‐Based Marker for Marker‐Assisted Selection of Submergence Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Xu Kenong , Deb Rashmi , Mackill David J.
Published: April 2016

Submergence tolerance is an important trait for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rainfed lowland conditions and is being evaluated as a weed control strategy for rice seeded directly into standing water. The trait is largely controlled by a major gene designated Sub1 The present study was conducted to assess the use of the microsatellite marker RM219 and the codominant PCR‐based marker RM464A (derived from a microsatellite marker, RM464) to select for submergence tolerance. The two markers RM219 and RM464A were found to be linked to Sub1 by 3.4 and 0.7 cM, respectively. These two markers were further tested in 55 diverse indica and japonica rice cultivars and breeding lines. RM219 was highly polymorphic in this set of cultivars, showing 14 different alleles, and none of the 55 cultivars had the same allele as the submergence tolerance source IR40931‐26. RM464A showed three different alleles in the 55 cultivars. The allele of RM464A of most japonica genotypes was 231 bp in size, 5 bp larger than that of IR40931‐26, whereas the allele of most indica rice samples was the same as that of IR40931‐26. This indicated that the marker RM219 could be used in breeding programs to select for the Sub1 gene in a wide range of backgrounds, whereas RM464A was more useful in selection for the Sub1 gene in japonica rice background. The two markers were used to identify lines from backcrossing a submergence tolerance donor to the temperate japonica cultivar M‐202. Several lines were identified that were homozygous for RM219, RM464A, and Sub1, and were otherwise genetically similar to M‐202. Near isogenic lines (NILs) developed from these sources will be a valuable tool for genetic and physiological studies of submergence tolerance and will also be valuable for evaluating submergence tolerance as a useful trait in water‐seeded temperate rice production.