bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estera Lasocińska, Epikurejska idea szczęścia w literaturze polskiej renesansu i baroku. Od Kallimacha do Potockiego, „Studia Staropolskie. Series Nova”, t. XL, Warszawa 2014, ss. 226
Authors: Maleszyński Dariusz Cezary
Published: October 2020

Estera Lasocińska, Epikurejska idea szczęścia w literaturze polskiej renesansui baroku. Od Kallimacha do Potockiego, „Studia Staropolskie. Series Nova”,t. XL, Warszawa 2014, 226 ss.
Nazwy ryb w polszczyźnie regionalnej (na podstawie danych słownikowych)
Authors: Piotrowska-Wojaczyk Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

The article presents a history of selected regional names of fish found in lexicographic works dating from the beginning of the new Polish era till the turn of XX/XXI century. To give a clearer picture of the selected entries, they have been compared with historical sources: Słownik staropolski [Old Polish Dictionary], Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of XVI century Polish] as well as with Elektroniczny słownik języka polskiego XVII i XVIII wieku [Electronic dictionary of XVII and XVIII century Polish] available online.
On a degenerate hyperbolic problem for the 3-D steady full Euler equations with axial-symmetry
Authors: Hu Yanbo , Li Fengyan
Published: October 2020

The transonic channel flow problem is one of the most important problems in mathematical fluid dynamics. The structure of solutions near the sonic curve is a key part of the whole transonic flow problem. This paper constructs a local classical hyperbolic solution for the 3-D axisymmetric steady compressible full Euler equations with boundary data given on the degenerate hyperbolic curve. By introducing a novel set of dependent and independent variables, we use the idea of characteristic decomposition to transform the axisymmetric Euler equations as a new system which has explicitly singularity-regularity structures. We first establish a local classical solution for the new system in a weighted metric space and then convert the solution in terms of the original variables.
Analysis of the complex rheological properties of highly concentrated proteins with a closed cavity rheometer
Authors: Wittek Patrick , Zeiler Nicole , Karbstein Heike P. , Emin M. Azad
Published: October 2020

Highly concentrated biopolymers are used in food extrusion processing. It is well known that rheo-logical properties of biopolymers influence considerably both process conditions and product properties. Therefore, characterization of rheological properties under extrusion-relevant conditions is crucial to process and product design. Since conventional rheological methods are still lacking for this purpose, a novel approach is presented. A closed cavity rheometer known in the rubber industry was used to systematically characterize a highly concentrated soy protein, a very relevant protein in extruded meat analogues. Rheological properties were first determined and discussed in the linear viscoelastic range (SAOS). Rheo-logical analysis was then carried out in the non-linear viscoelastic range (LAOS), as high deformations in extrusion demand for measurements at process-relevant high strains. The protein showed gel behavior in the linear range, while liquid behavior was observed in the nonlinear range. An expected increase in elasticity through addition of methylcellulose was detected. The measurements in the non-linear range reveal significant changes of material behavior with increasing strain. As another tool for rheological characterization, a stress relaxation test was carried out which confirmed the increase of elastic behavior after methylcellulose addition.
Seeding the Solar System with Life: Mars, Venus, Earth, Moon, Protoplanets
Authors: Joseph Rhawn G. , Planchon Olivier , Gibson Carl H. , Schild Rudolph
Published: October 2020

In the space of the entire universe, the only conclusive evidence of life, is found on Earth. Although the ultimate source of all life is unknown, many investigators believe Earth, Mars, and Venus may have been seeded with life when these planets, and the sun, were forming in a galactic cluster of thousands of stars and protoplanets. Yet others hypothesize that while and after becoming established members of this solar system, these worlds became contaminated with life during the heavy bombardment phase when struck by millions of life-bearing meteors, asteroids, comets and oceans of ice. Because bolide impacts may eject tons of life-bearing debris into space, and as powerful solar winds may blow upper atmospheric organisms into space, these three planets may have repeatedly exchanged living organisms for billions of years. In support of these hypotheses is evidencesuggestiveof stromatolites, algae, and lichens on Mars, fungi on Mars and Venus, and formationsresemblingfossilized acritarchs and metazoans on Mars, and fossilized impressionsresemblingmicrobial organisms on the lunar surface, and dormant microbes recovered from the interior of a lunar camera. The evidence reviewed in this report supports the interplanetary transfer hypothesis and that Earth may be seeding this solar system with life.
A biological profile for diagnosis and outcome of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Khourssaji Mehdi , Chapelle Virginie , Evenepoel Anton , Belkhir Leila , Yombi Jean Cyr , van Dievoet Marie-Astrid , Saussoy Pascale , Coche Emmanuel , Fillée Catherine , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Rodriguez-Villalobos Hector , Defour Jean-Philippe , Gruson Damien
Published: October 2020

Objectives

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic is increasing its victims on a global scale with recurring outbreaks, it remains of outmost importance to rapidly identify people requiring an intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. The aim of this study was to identify Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) biomarkers, to investigate their correlation with disease severity and to evaluate their usefulness for follow-up.

Methods

Fifty patients diagnosed with SARS-Cov-2 were included in March 2020. Clinical and biological data were collected at admission, during hospitalization and one month after discharge. Patients were divided into two severity groups: non-ICU (28) and ICU and/or death (22) to stratify the risk.

Results

Blood parameters in COVID-19 patients at admission showed increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (100%), ferritin (92%), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (80%), white blood cell (WBC) count (26%) with lymphopenia (52%) and eosinopenia (98%). There were significant differences in levels of CRP, ferritin, D-dimers, fibrinogen, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) among the two severity groups. Mapping of biomarker’s kinetics distinguished early and late parameters. CRP, ferritin, LDH, lymphopenia and eosinopenia were present upon admission with a peak at the first week. Late biomarkers such as anemia, neutrophilia and elevated liver biomarkers appeared after one week with a peak at three weeks of hospitalization.

Conclusions

We confirmed that high-values of CRP, NLR, D-dimers, ferritin as well as lymphopenia and eosinopenia were consistently found and are good markers for risk stratification. Kinetics of these biomarkers correlate well with COVID-19 severity. Close monitoring of early and late biomarkers is crucial in the management of critical patients to avoid preventable deaths.
Inverted E shaped dipole antenna with corrugated substrate for mm-wave applications
Authors: Loktongbam Paikhomba , Koley Chaitali , Pal Debasish , Bandyopadhyay Ayan Kumar
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a novel E armed dipole antenna for System On Chip (SOC) applications in the Sub-THz frequency band. The antenna is printed on a corrugated silicon substrate which suppresses surface waves and provides high efficiency and gain. The corrugated substrate also provides a better impedance matching. The antenna has a simulated gain of 5.4 dBi and 3 dB beam-width of 83.5 degree. The proposed antenna also has a very high radiation efficiency of 90%. Antenna resonates at 141.8 GHz and has an approximate −10 dB bandwidth of 1 GHz. To investigate the effects of different design parameters, some parametric analysis has been carried out and results have been shown. An equivalent circuit model has been reported. The equivalent circuit has been used to find the resonant frequency of the proposed dipole. The deviation of simulated and calculated resonant frequency is less than 0.5% which is well within the acceptable limits for antennas operating in mm-wave and sub-THz frequency band. This antenna is well suited for SOC, radar on-chip, high gain arrays, etc.
PCAT1 induced by transcription factor YY1 promotes cholangiocarcinoma proliferation, migration and invasion by sponging miR-216a-3p to up-regulate oncogene BCL3
Authors: Sun Dongsheng , Zhao Yuqiao , Wang Weina , Guan Canghai , Hu Zengtao , Liu Lang , Jiang Xingming
Published: October 2020

This study was designed to illustrate the function and role of PCAT1 in CCA. The relative expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot. The biological function of PCAT1 was evaluated by CCK8, EdU, colony formation, wound healing, transwell, and subcutaneous tumor formation assays. Protein levels of EMT markers were measured by western blot. The binding relationship was predicted by JASPAR and starBase. The binding of YY1 to PCAT1 promoter was assessed by ChIP and luciferase reporter. The binding capacity between miR-216a-3p and PCAT1 as well as BCL3 was assessed by luciferase reporter and AGO2-RIP assays. In this study, we found that PCAT1 was up-regulated in CCA tissues and cells, and the PCAT1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, PCAT1 was assessed as an independent risk factor of prognosis for CCA patients. Amplified PCAT1 was found to promote tumor proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process, whereas PCAT1 knockdown inhibited these malignant phenotypes. Mechanistically, PCAT1 was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and competitively bound miR-216a-3p to increase BCL3 expression. In addition, PCAT1 was activated by transcription factor YY1. This study revealed that PCAT1 acted as an oncogene in CCA, and the YY1/PCAT1/miR-216a-3p/BCL3 axis exhibited critical functions in CCA progression.
Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity evaluation of WO3, TiO2 and WO3/TiO2 supported on zeolite faujasite
Authors: González Rodríguez Luis Mario , Pinedo Escobar José Alfonso , Piedra López Jessica Guadalupe , De Haro Del Rio David Alejandro , Suarez Vázquez Santiago Ivan , Carrillo Martínez Cristina Jared , Solis Christian Gomez , Chulim Alvaro Can
Published: October 2020

The present investigation is focused on the preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity evaluation of TiO2/zeolite, WO3/zeolite, WO3/TiO2/zeolite, and WO3/TiO2 composites. Zeolite fujasite (FAU) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, while the semiconductor/zeolite composites by a straightforward physical mixture and calcination treatment. The photocatalytic activity of the materials was evaluated through the methyl orange (MO) degradation under near-UV irradiation (365 nm). The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and nitrogen physisorption. Results indicated that TiO2, WO3, and Zeolite Y kept their crystalline phases after the preparation method. TiO2 and WO3 particles were distributed on zeolite surface. Also, no significant changes in the band gap energies of the photocatalysts were found. The surface area of zeolite FAU decreased with the addition of TiO2 and WO3. The best MO degradation under near-UV irradiation was obtained with WO3/TiO2 heterojunction and TiO2 P25, no synergistic effect was found between semiconductors and zeolite FAU. Additionally, the kinetic data of the photocatalytic elimination of MO with all photocatalysts under near-UV radiation was investigated with several models: Zero-order, First-Order, Second Order, Modified Freundlich and Parabolic Diffusion, they were consistent with Modified Freundlich model. The effect of initial pH and photocatalyst weight was explored for TiO2/Zeolite composite and it was found that the best MO degradation was obtained at natural pH of 10.3 and 0.2 g of composite was the optimal amount of photocatalyst. Finally, the positive hole formation in all photocatalysts was detected by UV–vis spectroscopy and it was discovered that the highest density of positive holes was obtained with TiO2/zeolite composite.
Zur Situation der DaF-Lehrkräfteaus- und -fortbildung in Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Moldenhauer Sarah
Published: October 2020

Anders als für Lateinamerika mehrheitlich zu beobachten, ist für Chile und insbesondere die Region Valparaíso seit zwei Jahren ein massiver Rückgang der Nachfrage hinsichtlich Deutsch als Fremdsprache zu verzeichnen. Ziel des Beitrags soll sein, einen detaillierten Überblick über die aktuelle Situation in Valparaíso und Umgebung zu geben und dabei der Entwicklung von einer der ehemals aktivsten Regionen der DaF-Lehrkräfteaus- und -fortbildung hin zu einer der prekärsten Regionen in Lateinamerika nachzugehen.
BAuA-Working Time Survey (BAuA-WTS; BAuA-Arbeitszeitbefragung)
Authors: Wöhrmann Anne M. , Brauner Corinna , Michel Alexandra
Published: October 2020

BAuA-Working Time Survey (BAuA-WTS) is a micro data panel study covering aspects of working time, other working conditions, health, and well-being. It is representative of people working least 10 h per week in Germany. Data were collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews. So far, three panel waves have been conducted (2015, 2017, and 2019). Further biennial waves are planned. Scientific use files of the first two waves can be accessed at www.baua.de/forschungsdaten and be used free of charge by the scientific community after registration.
L2 Greek in Roman Egypt: Intense language contact in Roman military forts
Authors: Leiwo Martti
Published: October 2020

This paper will focus on analysing user-related variation in Greek in Egypt as seen through potsherd letters (ostraka) of the residents of Roman forts,praesidia, in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. The letters can be dated to the first and second centuries CE. I suggest that the linguistic situation in the forts can be seen as evidence of extensive language contact that was connected with the considerable economic activity of the Roman Empire. All military forts had several L2 Greek speakers of various ethnicity. In what follows I will suggest that Roman soldiers and their civil partners had created a system that can be described as a feature pool of Greek variables. I suggest that the data from Egypt show that L2 speakers of Greek had an effect on Greek at all grammatical levels, strengthening existing and ongoing endogenous changes by creating substantial contact-induced variation in phonology as well as in morphosyntax and even phraseology. The intense language contact suggests, in my opinion, that language dynamics of this period follow the resilience theory, where various different phases of the adaptive cycle can be simultaneous, as almost all possible varieties of Greek, from historical High Attic to Multiethnic Greek are in use.
Sociolinguistic typology and the speed of linguistic change
Authors: Trudgill Peter
Published: October 2020

Speed of linguistic change is not constant: it differs as between different language and dialects, and between different chronological periods. These differences are, at least to some extent, conditioned by social parameters. Two major social factors are involved in producing these different rates of linguistic change. There is, first, the role of the relative degree of contact versus isolation which speech communities have experienced: a good example is provided by the contrast between Faroese and Icelandic as opposed to the continental Scandinavian languages. There is, secondly, an important role for relative social stability versus social instability in the histories of communities. There is considerable evidence to suggest that conservative language varieties generally tend to be the ones which are relatively more geographically isolated than rapid-change varieties, as well as being relatively more stable as this paper illustrates, through a study of the linguistic consequences of social upheavals involving different historical periods, different continents, and different languages.
The spread zones and contacts of medieval Finnic in the Northeastern Baltic Sea area: Implications for the rate of language change
Authors: Grünthal Riho
Published: October 2020

In the contemporary northern Baltic Sea area, there are two states, Finland and Estonia, in which a western Uralic language has an official status. Several Finnic minority languages are or used to be spoken in the adjacent areas in the contact zone of Baltic, Germanic and Slavic languages. Historically, the north-eastern surroundings of the Gulf of Finland reflect a gradual spread of the language area during the past millennium and especially the late Middle Ages, while more southern areas in contemporary Estonia, and its eastern neighbourhood in Russia show longer continuity of language borders. The Finnic languages were used predominantly orally until very recently, whereas written language began to affect non-standard varieties more strongly only in the 19th and 20th centuries. The diversification of the Finnic languages in the Northeastern Baltic Sea area involves both integration and disintegration of mutually closely related varieties. This article focuses on i) the variability of changes and their correlation with emerging divergence between Finnic languages, ii) local language contacts during the late Middle Ages and the Early Modern age, and iii) the rate of linguistic change. The external powers affecting the diversity between the Finnic languages include the settling of early Swedish, German and Slavic centres among or in the vicinity of Finnic communities, the policies of medieval Catholic and Orthodox church, the extension of the trading networks of the Hanseatic League, wars and conflicts between dominant political powers in the east and west, as well as the gradual establishment of political borders. I will suggest that all these factors have played a role in the rate of both lexical and grammatical change.
Performances of BICM-ID system using CRSC code in optical transmissions
Authors: Fekih Hocine , Bouazza Boubakar Seddik , Nouri Keltoum
Published: October 2020

Recently, using iterative decoding algorithms to achieve an interesting bit error rate for spectrally efficient modulation become a necessity for optical transmission, in this paper, we propose a coded modulation scheme based on bit interleaving circular recursive systematic convolutional (CRSC) code and 16-QAM modulation. The proposal system considered as a serial concatenation of a channel encoder, a bit interleaver and M-ary modulator can be flexible easy to implement using a short code length. For a spectral efficiencyη=3bit/s/Hz$\eta =3\text{bit}/s/Hz$, the coding gain at a bit error rate of 10−6is about 8 dB.
Medications prescriptions in COVID-19 pregnant and lactating women: the Bergamo Teratology Information Service experience during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy
Authors: Giampreti Andrea , Eleftheriou Georgios , Gallo Mariapina , Butera Raffaella , Contessa Gioia , Faraoni Lorella , Sangiovanni Anna , Negri Giulia , Falchi Giovanna , Bacis Giuseppe
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy, especially in Lombardy and Bergamo city, represented probably nowadays one of the first major clusters of COVID-19 in the world. The aim of this report is to describe the activity of Bergamo Teratology Information Service (TIS) in supporting the public and health-care personnel in case of drug prescriptions in suspected/confirmed COVID-19 pregnant and lactating patients during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.

Methods

All Bergamo TIS requests concerning COVID-19 pregnant and lactating women have been retrospectively evaluated from 1 March to 15 April 2020. Type of medications, drug’s safety profile and compatibility with pregnancy and lactation are reported.

Results

Our service received information calls concerning 48 (9 pregnant, 35 lactating) patients. Among pregnant and lactating women, the requests of information were related to 16 and 60 drugs prescriptions respectively. More than half concerned drugs prescriptions during the first and second trimester (13/16) and during the first six months of lactation (37/60). Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were the most involved.

Conclusions

Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin at dosages used for COVID-19 may be considered compatible and reasonably safe either in pregnancy and lactation. Antivirals may be considered acceptable in pregnancy. During lactation lopinavir and ritonavir probably exhibit some supportive data from literature that darunavir and cobicistat do not. Tocilizumab may be considered for COVID-19 treatment because no increased malformation rate were observed until now. However caution may be advised because human data are limited and the potential risk of embryo-fetal toxicity cannot be excluded.
Issues in the assessment of L2 pragmatics
Authors: Cohen Andrew D.
Published: October 2020

This paper highlights areas of concern in the assessment of pragmatics, with the intent of stimulating fresh thinking about the assessment of pragmatics both for research purposes and as a part of classroom instruction. It starts by considering what aspects of ability in pragmatics to assess, and then contrasts the trade-off between the feasibility of obtaining data and the ultimate importance of the data. Next, the conspicuous lack of assessment of ability in L2 pragmatics in language classes is noted. Then follow sections on topics all relating primarily to the assessment of pragmatics for research purposes – the use of mixed methods, data elicitation procedures, and norms used in determining the appropriateness of any given performance in pragmatics. The last two topics deal, respectively, with the perceived relevance of the given assessment by the learners and with the value of collecting verbal report data from the respondents as a means for validating the assessment measures. Finally, considerations regarding the most prominent of these issues are provided.
Developing Pragmatic Competence in English Academic Discussions: An EAP Classroom Investigation
Authors: Caprario Marcella
Published: October 2020

This qualitative classroom study investigated the development of pragmatic competence in academic discussions through content analysis of student reflective writing. The aims of the study were: to understand the greatest challenges that students faced during the learning process, the causes of those challenges, and the most successful strategies that students employed to overcome the challenges. In addition, the analysis investigated other significant themes in the reflective writing that related to the students’ experiences in developing their pragmatic competence in discussions. Five advanced English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students at a Sino-US institution in China participated over the course of a semester. Results showed that common challenges included: hesitation resulting in missed opportunities to speak, lack of clarity when speaking, inability to repair communication breakdowns, and difficulty with listening comprehension. Self-reflection allowed the learners to understand the various reasons for the challenges they faced and to develop appropriate pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic strategies for coping with them. It also enabled the instructor to make suggestions suited to learners’ specific needs. In addition to revealing specific challenges, causes, and strategies that students employed, themes that emerged through content analysis included the impact of students’ emotional lives on their learning and performance, as well as the value of authentic communication in the development of pragmatic competence for academic discussions. This exploratory classroom investigation provides suggestions for teaching pragmatic competence in academic discussions and for additional classroom explorations that empower learners to develop autonomy.
The Theoretical Aspects of Attitude Formation Factors and Their Impact on Health Behaviour
Authors: Bakanauskas Arvydas Petras , Kondrotienė Edita , Puksas Andrius
Published: October 2020

The article defines the theoretical features of the concept of the attitude phenomenon, the theoretical aspects of attitude formation, and discusses the factors forming the attitude and their connections with behaviour and health behaviour. The theoretical model of formation of attitude towards health behaviour is modelled by analysing the phenomenon of attitude and analysing the factors forming the attitude, using analysis of scientific literature.
The Resilience of Organizations in the Context of Regional Social Sustainability: Management Challenges under Uncertainty
Authors: Gečienė Jolita
Published: October 2020

The article defines the links between the resilience of organizations and the social sustainability of regions, describes the difficulties and management challenges faced by organizations in conditions of uncertainty. The theoretical part reveals the concept of regional social sustainability, discusses the strengthening of the resilience of organizations in the context of regional social sustainability, presents the challenges of organizational management in an environment of uncertainty. The study identifies the ability of organizations to act in the face of uncertainties and reveals the management challenges faced by organizations operating in an environment of uncertainties.
The Lithuanian Credit Union Reform Evaluation
Authors: Jurkonytė Edita , Vijūnas Mindaugas
Published: October 2020

Amendments to the Law on Credit Unions in Lithuania, as an essential element of the restructuring of the Credit Union Sector, entered into force in 2018, therefore it is getting relevant to assess the impact of these changes on the whole Sector from the perspective of Credit Union experts.
The Assessment of Financial Performance of the Lithuanian Dairy Sector’s Listed Companies
Authors: Kamandulienė Asta , Kulbokas Žilvinas
Published: October 2020

The article analyses the Lithuanian dairy sector companies’ financial performance and its determinants. Economic value added (EVA) is employed in the paper as a measure of financial performance and labour productivity, revenue from exporting, gross profit margin and cost of debt are used as independent variables to identify determinants influencing performance. The results of the analysis show that EVA (as financial performance measure) fluctuates during the periods and has an opposite trend direction in some periods for some companies. The revenue from exporting and gross margin are found to have a significant positive impact on EVA (financial performance measure).
Hopping of single nanoparticles trapped in a plasmonic double-well potential
Authors: Yoon Seung Ju , Song Da In , Lee Jungmin , Kim Myung-Ki , Lee Yong-Hee , Kim Chang-Kyu
Published: October 2020

Thermally induced particle hopping in the nanoscale double-well potential is fundamental in material design and device operation. After the proposal of the basic hopping theory, several experimental studies, including some using the optical trapping method, have validated the theoretical approach over various friction ranges of the surrounding medium. However, only external parameters, such as viscosity, temperature, and pressures, have been varied in practical circumstances, and other tools capable of adjusting the potential profile itself to modulate the hopping rate are needed. By using metallic nanoantenna with various gap sizes and different optical pump power, we engineered a double-well potential landscape and directly observed the hopping of a single nanoparticle with a diameter of 4 nm. The distance between the two potential wells was 0.6–5 nm, and the maximum well depth and maximum height of the central potential barrier were approximately 69 and 4 k
B
T, respectively. The hopping rate was governed by the Arrhenius law and showed a vertex when the barrier height was approximately 2 k
B
T, which was in good agreement with the computational expectations.
A large field-of-view metasurface for complex-amplitude hologram breaking numerical aperture limitation
Authors: Mu Yongheng , Zheng Mengyao , Qi Jiaran , Li Hongmei , Qiu Jinghui
Published: October 2020

Owing to the potential to manipulate simultaneously amplitude and phase of electromagnetic wave, complex-amplitude holographic metasurfaces (CAHMs) can achieve improved image-reconstruction quality compared with amplitude-only and phase-only ones. However, prevailing design methods based on Huygens–Fresnel theory for CAHMs, e.g., Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory (RSDT), restrict acquisition of high-precision reconstruction in a large field of view (FOV), especially in the small numerical aperture (NA) scenario. To this end, a CAHM consisting of Sine-shaped meta-atoms is proposed in a microwave region, enabled by a novel complex amplitude retrieval method, to realize large FOV holograms while breaking the large NA limitation. Calculations and full-wave simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve superior-quality holograms, even for nonparaxial holograms in a relatively small NA scenario, thus improving FOV and aperture utilization efficiency of CAHMs. The reconstruction comparison of a complex multi-intensity field distribution between CAHM prototypes designed by our method and by RSDT further confirms this point. We also compare both theoretically and experimentally the CAHM by our method with the phase-only metasurface by weighted Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. Superior-quality holograms with suppressed background noise and relieved deformation, promised by the extra amplitude manipulation freedom, is witnessed. Finally, due to its wavelength irrelevance, the proposed method is applicable to the entire spectrum, spanning from microwave to optics.
Valley depolarization in downconversion and upconversion emission of monolayer WS2 at room temperature
Authors: Li Han , Ma Yating , Sui Yizhen , Tang Yuxiang , Wei Ke , Cheng Xiang’ai , Jiang Tian
Published: October 2020

Benefiting from strong photon–exciton and phonon–exciton interactions in atomic thickness, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are viewed as one promising platform for exploring elementary excitonic photoluminescence (PL) and intrinsic spin–valley properties at the monolayer limit. Despite well-studied Stokes downconversion (DC) PL, the anti-Stokes upconversion (UC) PL has been recently reported in TMDC monolayers, which mainly focus on UC mechanisms while detailed valley-related dynamical processes are unwittingly less concerned. Here, we carry out an in-depth investigation on both DC and UC emission features of monolayer WS2 at room temperature, where UC PL persists with energy gain up to 190 meV. The PL excitation and power-dependent experiments clearly distinguish the origins of DC PL and UC PL, which refer to saturated absorption and phonon-assisted transition from charged trions to neutral A-excitons. And contrast valley properties are observed in DC and UC scenarios with polarization-resolved PL and pump–probe measurements. According to the experimental facts, phenomenological dynamical DC and UC scenarios are modeled with intervalley depolarization taken into consideration, in which intermediates from spontaneous intervalley depolarization account for the observed emission and valley properties. This work can help understand the light–matter interactions and valley properties in monolayer TMDCs.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-(m3-3′,5′-dicarboxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-dicarboxylato-K4
O,O′:O″:O‴) cadmium(II)], C16H11O10Cd
Authors: Luo Jie , Gu Guang-Na , Zheng Ying-Li
Published: October 2020

C16H11O10Cd, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 26.026(3) Å, b = 6.3807(6) Å, c = 19.738(5) Å, α = 90, β = 98.162(16), γ = 90, V = 3244.5(10) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0359, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0702, T = 293(2) K.
Recent advance in surface modification for regulating cell adhesion and behaviors
Authors: Cai Shuxiang , Wu Chuanxiang , Yang Wenguang , Liang Wenfeng , Yu Haibo , Liu Lianqing
Published: October 2020

Cell adhesion is a basic requirement for anchorage-dependent cells to survive on the matrix. It is the first step in a series of cell activities, such as cell diffusion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation.In vivo, cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM), whose physical and biochemical properties and micromorphology may affect and regulate the function and behavior of cells, causing cell reactions. Cell adhesion is also the basis of communication between cells and the external environment and plays an important role in tissue development. Therefore, the significance of studying cell adhesionin vitrohas become increasingly prominent. For instance, in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, researchers have used artificial surfaces of different materials to simulate the properties of natural ECM, aiming to regulate the behavior of cell adhesion. Understanding the factors that affect cell behavior and how to control cell behavior, including cell adhesion, orientation, migration, and differentiation on artificial surfaces, is essential for materials and life sciences, such as advanced biomedical engineering and tissue engineering. This article reviews various factors affecting cell adhesion as well as the methods and materials often used in investigating cell adhesion.
Accepting Variation and Embracing Uncertainty: Creating a Regional Pottery Typology in South Asian Archaeology
Authors: Lefrancq Coline , Hawkes Jason D.
Published: October 2020

This article presents the results of the analysis of archaeological ceramics collected during landscape surveys in the Vidarbha of Maharashtra, India; and offers the first attempt at a regional pottery typology for this area. Here, as in many other parts of South Asia, the pottery from archaeological sites have been subject to considerable scrutiny. Yet, so far approaches to their study have focussed on mainly their surface colour and feel. This has resulted in overly simplistic typologies that do not (and cannot) accommodate the full range of variation that exists within a ceramic assemblage, and so limit their value as archaeological evidence. Addressing this, we apply a chaîne opératoire-based approach to the analysis of a ceramic assemblage that we have been developing in this region. This results in a much more complex and detailed pottery typology than has so far been achieved. Throughout this study we also identify points of comparison with familiar parallels published elsewhere. In doing so, the resulting typology, while by no means the final word on the matter, provides a valuable and flexible resource that others working in this region and neighbouring areas can use for their own analyses and research. Moreover, in shifting the bases of categorisation and classification to the ways that pottery was made, we are able to incorporate far more of the variation that exists in the material itself. Indeed, the amount of variation can be somewhat bewildering in comparison to the standard (limiting) typological categories that populate earlier reports, and forces us to question those frameworks. Yet, we argue that it is precisely this sort of uncertainty that has to be embraced if the study of archaeological ceramics for the region of the ancient Vidarbha is going to continue to develop as a meaningful area of archaeological enquiry.
On the relations between some well-known methods and the projective Riccati equations
Authors: Akçağıl Şamil
Published: October 2020

Solving nonlinear evolution equations is an important issue in the mathematical and physical sciences. Therefore, traditional methods, such as the method of characteristics, are used to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. A general method for determining analytical solutions for partial differential equations has not been found among traditional methods. Due to the development of symbolic computational techniques many alternative methods, such as hyperbolic tangent function methods, have been introduced in the last 50 years. Although all of them were introduced as a new method, some of them are similar to each other. In this study, we examine the following four important methods intensively used in the literature: the tanh–coth method, the modified Kudryashov method, the F-expansion method and the generalized Riccati equation mapping method. The similarities of these methods attracted our attention, and we give a link between the methods and a system of projective Riccati equations. It is possible to derive new solution methods for nonlinear evolution equations by using this connection.
Spatial thinking from a different view: Disentangling top-down and bottom-up processes using eye tracking
Authors: Fehringer Benedict C. O. F.
Published: October 2020

The goal of the present study was to investigate the potential of gaze fixation patterns to reflect cognitive processing steps during test performance. Gaze movements, however, can reflect top-down and bottom-up processes. Top-down processes are the cognitive processing steps that are necessary to solve a certain test item. In contrast, bottom-up processes may be provoked by varying visual features that are not related to the item solution. To disentangle top-down and bottom-up processes in the context of spatial thinking, a new test (R-Cube-Vis Test) was developed and validated explicitly for the usage of eye tracking in three studies as long and short version. The R-Cube-Vis Test measures visualization and is conform to the linear logistic test model with six difficulty levels. All items of one level demand the same transformation steps to solve an item. The R-Cube-Vis Test was then utilized to investigate different gaze-fixation-based indicators to identify top-down and bottom-up processes. Some of the indicators were also able to predict the correctness of the answer of a single item. Gaze-related measures have a high potential to reveal cognitive processing steps during solving an item of a given difficulty level, if top-down and bottom-up processes can be segregated.
The Democracy–Economy-Nexus
Authors: Brieger Stefan , Markwardt Gunther
Published: October 2020

Despite a sizeable theoretical and empirical literature, no firm conclusions have been drawn regarding the democracy–economy-nexus. This paper aims to assess the twosided relationship between democracy and economic development based on the current state of research. Literature will be used to examine whether and how democracy affects economic development, as well as the reverse question. Does economic development influence the form of government of a society, i.e. can it promote or hinder a transition from autocracy to democracy? In addition to approaches that postulate a positive relationship, we will also present perspectives that either negatively interpret a correlation between the two variables or completely negate it.
The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Ferulago W. Koch extracts on various cancer cell lines
Authors: Bakar-Ates Filiz , Hoti Berna , Gurbuz Ilhan , Gunbatan Tugba , Duman Hayri , Kilic Ceyda Sibel
Published: October 2020

Background

The studies investigating the anticancer activities of natural products have accelerated to produce new solutions in the face of increasing cancer cases. Various Ferulago species are reported to exhibit antioxidant, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of ethanolic extracts of roots of five Ferulago species on various human cancer cell lines.

Material and methods

HPLC analyses were performed by HP Agilent 1,100. The cytotoxicity were determined by MTT assay. The cell cycle arrest and Annexin V binding analyses were performed by Muse Cell Analyzer (Millipore).

Results

All examined species except F. setifolia inhibited cell viability in PC3 and SW480 cells at 0.01 mg/mL and higher concentrations (p<0.05). Ferulago species inhibited cell cycle at different stages for treated cell lines. The ethanolic extracts of Ferulago species also increased Annexin V binding significantly, resulted in apoptosis (p<0.05%). In this context, F. syriaca showed the highest apoptotic activity in MCF-7 cells by increasing the apoptotic cell population to 23.54 ± 2.10% (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The findings of present study have shown that Ferulago species included in the study have potent anticancer effects and this work have the potential to result in further studies.
‘Celtic’ commentaries on four Roman military diplomas
Authors: Falileyev Alexander
Published: October 2020

Dieser Aufsatz behandelt ‚keltisches‘ Material in vier römischen Militärdiplomen. Die genaue Herkunft von dreien dieser Diplome ist unbekannt, sie stehen aber sicher mit der unteren Donau in Verbindung, während das vierte in Dakien (Neuschloß/Gherla, Rumänien) gefunden wurde. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der Interpretation der sprachlich keltischen Personennamen, die in diesen vier Texten belegt sind, und weitergehende Beobachtungen zu der Mobilität innerhalb des römischen Reiches von Einzelpersonen aus keltischsprachigen Gebieten werden angeführt.
The good, the bad and the lovely: the transmission of kingship in Esnada Tige Buchet and the Odyssey, and medieval Irish reflexes of Proto-Indo-European sovereignty myths
Authors: McCone Kim
Published: October 2020

Die Untersuchung der im Titel erwähnten frühirischen Erzählung besteht aus zwei Abschnitten: Ia beschäftigt sich mit der Beziehung der verschiedenen handschriftlich belegten Fassungen zueinander, um die nötige Grundlage für Ib zu schaffen. Die Hauptaufgabe von Ib ist die Erschließung der ideologischen und politischen Botschaft des wohl im 8. oder 9. Jhdt. n. Chr. verfassten Urtexts, vor allem, was die Vermittlung und Übertragung des Königtums betrifft, anhand zeitgenössischer irischer Zielsetzungen, Umstände und Erzählkonventionen. Obwohl diese Abhandlung (Ia/b) als selbstständig gelten kann, wird anschließend (II) auf gewisse Ähnlichkeiten mit der Odyssee aufmerksam gemacht, d. h. die Bedrängung des Wohnsitzes einer Königstochter bzw. -frau durch ungeladene junge Männer und die bestimmende Rolle von drei verschiedenen Altersstufen im Schicksal des Königtums. Diese Übereinstimmungen und einige vorwiegend auf Lévi-Strauss basierende methodologische Erwägungen leiten eine vergleichende Untersuchung (III-VII) ein, die die Rekonstruktion von drei urindogermanischen Mythen (III, VI und VII) bezweckt, und zwar im Rahmen eines auf drei Hauptaltersstufen beruhenden Sozialsystems (IV) und eines mit der rituellen Ehe von König und Göttin verbundenen dreiteiligen Sakralkönigtums (V). Diese Sozialstruktur und die darauf bezogene Ideologie unterscheiden sich wesentlich vom „dreifunktionellen“ Dumézil’schen Modell. In allen dreien verschiedenartig auf Könige und (3 bzw. 12 bzw. 5) Königssöhne gerichteten Mythen leistet eine Göttin bzw. Königstochter einen entscheidenden Beitrag zum Fortbestand der Herrschaft und zur Wahl eines künftigen bzw. Wiedereinsetzung eines ehemaligen Königs. Demzufolge scheint der Versuch (VIII) angebracht, die dadurch implizierte uridg. Herrschaftsgöttin möglichst genau zu identifizieren.
Intergrowth of niobium tungsten oxides of the tetragonal tungsten bronze type
Authors: Krumeich Frank
Published: October 2020

Since the 1970s, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is well established as the most appropriate method to explore the structural complexity of niobium tungsten oxides. Today, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) represents an important alternative for performing the structural characterization of such oxides. STEM images recorded with a high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector provide not only information about the cation positions but also about the distribution of niobium and tungsten as the intensity is directly correlated to the local scattering potential. The applicability of this method is demonstrated here for the characterization of the real structure of Nb7W10O47.5. This sample contains well-ordered domains of Nb8W9O47 and Nb4W7O31 besides little ordered areas according to HRTEM results. Structural models for Nb4W7O31 and twinning occurring in this phase have been derived from the interpretation of HAADF-STEM images. A remarkable grain boundary between well-ordered domains of Nb4W7O31 and Nb8W9O47 has been found that contains one-dimensionally periodic features. Furthermore, short-range order observed in less ordered areas could be attributed to an intimate intergrowth of small sections of different tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) based structures.
FeBiS2Cl – A new iron-containing member of the MPnQ

2

X family
Authors: Remy-Speckmann Ina , Bredow Thomas , Lerch Martin
Published: October 2020

The new sulfochloride FeBiS2Cl is obtained as a black powder following a mechanochemical synthesis procedure. The product crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm (no. 63) with lattice parameters a = 3.82142(7), b = 12.2850(2) and c = 9.2911(2) Å. While the iron atom has an octahedral coordination environment, the bismuth atom is coordinated in the form of a bicapped trigonal prism. Both cation polyhedra form alternating layers, for iron built up of corner sharing octahedra along the c axis and edge sharing ones along the a axis. The bismuth polyhedra are connected through shared faces along the c axis and common edges along the a axis. Because of the distribution of sulfur and chlorine on a mixed anion site, the bismuth atoms occupy split positions. Experimental observations are supported by theoretical calculations.
The Spectrum of Analytic Interaction: A Contemporary Freudian Perspective
Authors: Lynch Arthur A. , Bachant Janet L. , Richards Arnold D.
Published: October 2020

The authors set forth a contemporary Freudian perspective proposing that enacted interaction be viewed as a spectrum of distinct yet overlapping clinical phenomena: acting in/acting out, transference actualization, enactment, countertransference actualization, and boundary violation. At the center of this spectrum are enactments proper, interactions in which both parties construct and sustain a process that embodies a crucial aspect of their affective relationship. By conceptualizing these interactions as a continuum that is patient-focused at one end and analyst-focused at the other, the authors delineate a range of modalities for analytic intervention. They contend that an oscillation between monadic and dyadic perspectives is integral to grappling with the interactive dimension of the analytic process.
The Future of Liberal Democracies, Pandemic Trade-Offs, and the Role of Social Sciences
Authors: Markowski Radoslaw
Published: October 2020

The article is written in the form of an essay (for Dahrendorf Symposium), speculative in essence, yet based on the new selected evidence concerning peoples’ opinions and attitudes disclosed during the pandemic. It starts with remarks about predictions in social sciences and the complex problems in studying the shocks created by the Covid-19 pandemic. Second part is devoted to major challenges and trade-offs states, governments and citizens have to face currently, focusing on one particular which is crucial for the future quality of liberal democracies, that is a trade-off between democratic norms and values and surveillance practices. The article concludes with a discussion of several issues, which have become more salient during the pandemic, challenging our previous knowledge about them.