bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Pengembangan Agribisnis Sayuran di Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Nurcayah Nurcayah
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan potensi produksi sayuran dan lahan di Sulawesi Tenggara untuk penyusunan strategi pengembangan agribisnis sayuran dalam rangka menciptakan produk yang berkualitas dan bernilai tambah, untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani. Permasalahan utama dalam agribisnis sayuran adalah produksi dan produktivitas rendah, pemilikan lahan sempit, penanganan pascapanen masih tradisional, keterbatasan modal, infrastruktur terbatas, dan akses pemasaran kurang berkembang. Hasil analisis SWOT pada pengembangan agribisnis sayuran memperoleh empat strategi yang perlu dilakukan, yaitu: 1) strategi agresif (SO), memaksimalkan potensi/kekuatan untuk meraih peluang dengan memanfaatkan teknologi produksi, perluasan lahan dan pangsa pasar, dukungan kebijakan pemerintah, penguatan kelembagaan, dan peningkatan kualitas SDM, 2) strategi diversifikasi (S–T), memaksimalkan potensi/kekuatan untuk mengurangi ancaman yang ada dengan melakukan kegiatan usaha tani yang ramah lingkungan, pemberdayaan penangkar benih, dan penerapan pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT), 3) strategi divestasi (W–O), meminimalkan kelemahan/hambatan untuk meraih peluang semaksimal mungkin melalui peningkatan produksi/produktivitas serta mutu produk, penguatan sarana usaha pertanian, diversifikasi, dan pengaturan pola tanam sesuai permintaan pasar, serta 4) strategi survival (W–T), meminimalkan kelemahan dan hambatan untuk mengatasi ancaman dengan meningkatkan efisiensi biaya produksi, memperluas informasi pasar, dan mengoptimalkan pemakaian input kimia.
Pengaruh Pengawasan Orang Tua terhadap Kualitas Belajar Peserta Didik dalam Sistem Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Andi Ratna Azizah
Published: July 2021

Tujuan pembahasan ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah pengawasan orang tua mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kualitas belajar peserta didik di masa pembelajaran jarak jauh. Sejak mewabahnya pandemi covid-19 sejak pertengahan Maret 2020 membuat seluruh aktivitas fisik belajar di sekolah menjadi terhenti. Pemerintah pusat maupun derah dengan sigap mengeluarkan kebijakan pembelajaran online atau biasa disebut dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ). Berbagai kendala yang dihadapi dalam PJJ ini tentunya membuat kualitas pembelajaran peserta didik menjadi terpengaruh. Namun disamping berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi dibutuhkan peran besar pengawasan orang tua terhadap kualitas pembelajaran peserta didik terutama pada pembelajaran jarak jauh, karena guru sebagai fasilitator dalam pembelajaran disekolah tidak bisa mengawasi penuh kegiatan peserta didik secara online, tentulah dibutuhkan bantuan pengawasan orang tua. Keterlibatan orang tua memiliki dampak positif terhadap prestasi siswa, salah satunya adalah nilai ujian dan tingkat kelulusan lebih tinggi, serta pengaruh terhadap indicator perkembangan siswa antara lain perilaku dan keterampilan sosial yang lebih baik, keyakinan kuat akan pentingnya Pendidikan dan sebagainya. Adapun peran orangtua di rumah yaitu mendampingi anak-anak dalam mengerjakan tugas sekolah, membatasi izin kegiatan di luar rumah, berkoordinasi dengan wali kelas, guru atau sekolah, membantu siswa menerapkan pola hidup bersih sehat (PHBS).
Hydrogen sulfide content in pregnant women with preeclampsia in late gestation and their newborns
Authors: Popova Irina Gennadievna , Sitnikova O. G. , Nazarov S. B. , Sadov R. I. , Panova I. A. , Baev T. O. , Kuzmenko G. N. , Kharlamova N. V. , Klycheva M. M. , Veselkova Yu. N.
Published: July 2021

We examined 70 women who were 22-40 weeks pregnant and their newborns. Of these, 15 women with moderate PE made up group 1, 22 women with severe PE-group 2, and 55 women with uncomplicated pregnancy without hypertensive disorders - the control group. Blood was collected from women when they were admitted to the clinic, and blood was taken from newborns for 3-5 days of life. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide was determined by the method of K. Qu et al [17]. There was a decrease in the level of hydrogen sulfide in the blood serum of women whose pregnancy was complicated by severe preeclampsia. In newborns born to mothers with preeclampsia, an increase in the concentration of hydrogen sulfide was detected in the blood, which is probably a compensatory reaction aimed at restoring vascular homeostasis during early postnatal adaptation.
Saliva as new analytical object for D-dimer level determination
Authors: Yanushevish O. O. , Dukhovskaya H. E. , Vavilova T. P. , Ostrovskiy Y. A. , Kurbanova Z. T. , Ostrovskaya Yu. A.
Published: July 2021

The amount of D-dimer in the mixed saliva of healthy individuals and patients with comorbidities has been investigated. It has been established that the level of D-dimer in saliva increases with age regardless of pathology. The highest values were found in patients with erosive gastritis.
A cselekvőképtelenek védelme : A francia, az osztrák és a magyar jog összehasonlító elemzése
Authors: Izsó Krisztina
Published: July 2021

A kiskorúakra és a cselekvőképtelen nagykorúakra vonatkozó jogi szabályozás bemutatására a francia, az osztrák és a magyar jogrendszer összehasonlító elemzésén keresztül kerül sor. Az elemzés a cselekvőképességre és a gondnokságra vonatkozó szabályokat a Code Civil és az ABGB megalkotásának időszakától kezdődően a hatályos szabályozásig tárgyalja. A gyámságra és a gondnokságra vonatkozó jogintézmények bemutatása során figyelemmel van az állami szerepvállalás történeti alakulására, a hivatásos gondnoksági rendszer létrejöttére és szerepére, az intézetben történő elhelyezések növekvő számadataira. A gyámsági és gondnoksági feladatok megoldásában valamennyi vizsgált jogrendszerben szerepet kapott a szélesebb értelemben vett család, de a szabályozás eltérő volt abban a tekintetben, hogy csak a felügyeletet utalta bírósági hatáskörbe (francia megoldás), vagy maga a gyámi szerepkör ellátása valósult meg bíróságokon keresztül (osztrák jog) vagy a közigazgatási szervezetrendszer keretében (magyar jog). A jogfejlődés szoros összefüggésben volt a változó társadalmi-gazdasági körülményekkel, az iparosodás során végbement demográfiai változásokkal, a legújabb korban pedig szembenéz az egészségügy fejlődésével is. Az apai hatalomra, a szülő és a gyermek közötti viszonyra, a házastársak egymás közötti kapcsolatára, a házasságon kívül született gyermekek megítélésére vonatkozó szabályok bemutatása tükrözi a család fogalmának átalakulását, a gyermekek helyzetét és a nők megváltozott szerepkörét. A cselekvőképtelen nagykorúak vonatkozásában az egyes jogrendszerekben kialakuló gondnoksági szabályok különböztek aszerint, hogy milyen fokú cselekvőképességet ismertek, később pedig mennyiben valósították meg a gondnokság kiváltására alkalmas támogatási formákat. A cselekvőképtelen személyekre és a gondnokságra, gyámságra vonatkozóan a Code Civil és az ABGB rendelkezéseinek bemutatására kerül sor, figyelembe véve e szabályok későbbi változását is, összehasonlításban a XIX. századi magyar jogfejlődés eredményeivel, a XX. század elején megalkotott magyar magánjogi tervezetek szabályaival, valamint az 1959-es, a 2009-es és a 2013-as magyar polgári törvénykönyvvel.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM SEBAGAI PENANGGULANGAN PROBLEMATIKA REMAJA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: RATNAWATI RATNAWATI
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini akan mendiskusikan mengenai bagaimana peran pendidikan agama Islam sebagai penanggulangan problematika remaja selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi serta metode analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan data-data tersebut, ditemukan bahwa segala permasalahan remaja yang muncul selama pandemi Covid-19 ini berlangsung, baik itu permalahan yang menyangkut fisik maupun mental mereka dapat diatasi dengan penerapan dan pengamalan nilai-nilai dan ajaran agama Islam yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan. Pendidikan agama Islam yang tidak hanya berfokus pada hal-hal teoritis semata, namun lebih jauh kepada bagaimana nilai-nilai dan ajaran agama Islam bisa terealisasi dalam kehidupan remaja. Dalam Islam, pendidikan memiliki cakupan yang sangat luas, mulai dari pendidikan keimanan, fisik, mental hingga pada pendidikan akhlak. Oleh karena itulah mengapa  pemberian pendidikan agama Islam bagi remaja di tengah-tengah masa pandemi ini bisa menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi segala permasalahan yang sedang mereka alami di masa pandemi Covid-19 ini.
PENERAPAN E-LEARNING SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN FIQIH DI MTs NEGERI 5 KLATEN
Authors: HARYANI HARYANI
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik mata pelajaran Fiqih dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh (daring) dengan  memanfaatkan aplikasi  e-learning  sebagai media pembelajaran  mata pelajaran Fiqih di MTs Negeri 5 Klaten .Dampak dari pandemi Covid  19 dalam dunia  pendidikan menyebabkan aktifitas belajar dilaksanakan secara daring atau pembelajaran jarak jauh. Tidak bertemunya pendidik dengan anak didik dalam proses pembelajaran tentu saja akan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar  karena  peserta didik kurang semangat,pasif dan jenuh dalam mengikuti pembelajaran.Hal itu mengakibatkan hasil belajar peserta didik sangat rendah dan  pendidik juga  kesulitan dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran .Oleh karena itu diperlukan media pembelajaran yang efektif  dan efisien. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dan dilaksanakan dengan 2 siklus. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII A MTs Negeri 5 Klaten  sebanyak 24 siswa.  Tehnik pengumpulan data dengan tes dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan tehnik diskriptif kuantitatif.Dari hasil analisis data sebelum tindakan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 50,42. Pada siklus I terjadi peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 80,41. Kemudian di akhir siklus II rata - rata hasil belajar siswa meningkat sebesar 89,58.Kesimpulan pemanfaatan e-learning sebagai media pembelajarn jarak jauh di MTs Negeri 5 Klaten  dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN PADA ANAK TUNAGRAHITA RINGAN DENGAN MEDIA ANIMASITEKS VOKAL DAN KONSONAN PADA KELAS IV SDLB CDI SLB PURWORAHARJO GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: RUJIYANTA RUJIYANTA
Published: July 2021

Anak tunagrahita ringan secara fisik nampak tidak berbeda dengan anak normal hanya sedikit mengalami kelambatan dalam kemampuan sensomotorik, mengalami kesulitan dalam berpikir abstrak, logis, dan kesulitan dalam konsentrasi. Akibat dari kelemahan fungsi otaknya maka anak  tunagrahita ringan sukar sekali memahami bentuk huruf baik konsonan maupun vokal sehingga tidak mengerti bunyi suatu huruf. Keterampilan berbahasa pada anak tunagrahita ringan kurang terutama pada ketrampilan membaca, hal ini terlihat pada waktu  anak diminta membaca ketika ditanya bunyi huruf yang ditunjuk, anak tidak menggerti. Anak tungrahita ringan miskin akan kosa kata dan umumnya hanya menirukan apa yang didengar namun tidak tahu maksudnya, dengan demikian anak tunagrahita ringan perlu dilatih keterampilan membacanya. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Penelitian deskriptif adalah penelitian yang berusaha mendiskripsikan dan menginterprestasikan data  yang telah ada, mengenai kondisi yang ada, pendapat yang sedang tumbuh, atau proses yang sedang berlangsung. Hasil penelitian ini menjelasakan bahwa kemampuan berbahasa merupakan kemampuan pokok dalam hal berkomunikasi, serta merupakan alat bersosialisasi dengan orang lain.  Seseorang dapat mengungkapkan perasaan kepada orang lain dengan menggunakan bahasa. Kemampuan setiap anak untuk menguasai bahasa dan membaca tidak sama, seperti halnya yang dialami oleh anak tunagrahita ringan. Berdasarkan karakteristik anak tunagrahita ringan, dari segi bahasa dan membaca memiliki keterbatasan, kondisi ini disebabkan perkembangan bahasa erat kaitanya dengan kemampuan berfikirnya, sehingga berakibat perkembangan bahasa anak tunagrahita ringan terbatas.
Crystallographic control of homeopathy influence on plant growth and aging
Authors: Novosadyuk Tatyana Vladimirovna , Zhdanova Olga Borisovna , Tsvetkova Victoria Vadimovna
Published: July 2021

Currently, a large arsenal of stimulants is used for plant growth, mainly gibberellins, amino acids and mineral salts (â€œGibbor-Mâ€, â€œOvaryâ€, â€œGibberrossâ€, etc.). Growth stimulants increase the plant immunity against pests. Soaking seedlings in stimulant solutions during rooting and transplantation promotes stimulation of root formation and increased survival.

Considering the aforesaid, an attempt of use of homeopathic medicine Arnica 3CH for increase in stability of fragments of bulbs of wild onions at reproduction has been made by division. The percent of death of plants was 60% less, than in control. Biosubstrata (juice of leaves) have crystallized under natural conditions by a technique of a classical crystalloscopy. The correctness of course of processes of crystallization was studied by means of assessment of extent of destruction of the crystalloscopic facies. [1] This parameter in skilled group remained above a similar indicator of control groups throughout all experiment. In control group of plants, the maximum destruction of the facies was registered.

Root crops were used in the present study. Plants were grown in 3 different manners: organic farming methods, use of homeopathic medicines and the controls were plants grown with industrial techniques. The results showed significant difference between the groups of carrots, beets and potatoes grown with different techniques with thesiographic and crystallographic control [2]. Facies differed considerably relative to number and type of crystals and ratio. The crystalline structures on the facies of beets grown using homeopathy were very large, occupying a considerable area of the field. The crystalline structures on the facies of beets grown with organic methods had an elongated shape, and large amounts were located at the center of the facies. Crystal structures in beet-roots, grown industrially, have a compact form, with a much smaller size than that of beets, grown with using homeopathy and organics [3,4]. Conducted studies shown the effect of homoeopathic influence over root growing after single application by bedding in relation to control variants of this plants cultivation, which confirms the views on the electromagnetic wave nature of the homeopathic phenomenon introduced by Russian scientists in 2000 [5].

Therefore, application of the crystallographic method to the study of the study of the effects of potentized medicines on plants has much potential, requiring systematic studies.
The phenomenon of interdependent states of animals and humans: tactics and treatment strategy using ultra-high dilutions of substances, 20-year research
Authors: Novosadyuk Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: July 2021

Before the start of our research, there already was empirically developed experience on the appearance of similar conditions in animals and humans in close contact. However, there was no scientific explanation for this phenomenon, or scientifically grounded recommendations for its application in medical practice. Since 1995 we have been systematically studied cases of humans and animals in close contact exhibited a same pathological condition. The aim of the present study was to establish the features of these interdependent states and the factors that influence them.

The experimental and clinical studies described here were performed based on spontaneous procurement by the animalsâ€™ owners at Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and at Research Center of â€œPOLEVETâ€ Veterinary Clinic.

Clinical, hematological, biochemical and immunologic parameters describing the condition of the animals during homeopathic treatment preparations were recorded. To assess the reliability of differences at 0.05 significance level was used.

Statistical analysis was made of 8,061 episodes of addresses of animals and their owners. Based on these materials and using modern achievements in biology, genetics, physiology and neurophysiology, the main theses providing theoretical substantiation for this phenomenon were formulated, and the mechanisms of development of one and the same disease in both humans and animals according to modern scientific conceptions were revealed. Also a tactic and strategy for treatment of sick animals and humans in close contact are suggested. To correct interdependent conditions, a method of application of the effects of ultra-high dilutions of drugs was developed and proposed for practical use, which might enable veterinary specialists - based on the knowledge of the phenomenon of interdependent conditions - to significantly improve the recovery of their patients. The effectiveness of this approach was confirmed in practice by many specialists who made use of our results.

The work performed and the attention paid by specialists to these studies, as well as the possibility to correct the phenomenon of interdependent conditions of animals and humans using ultra-high dilutions of substances, demonstrate the potential for further scientific developments in this field of medical practice.
Testicle histomorphometry in senescence/senility under use of homeopathy
Authors: Coelho Cideli de Paula , Souza Amanda do C. , Arrifano Victoria , Cordeiro Flora , Bernardi Maria Martha
Published: July 2021

Aging is an extremely complex and multifactorial process. Over time, the elderly begin exhibiting signs of function reduction. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of homeopathic medicines on testicle histomorphometry in senescence/senility. The study was approved by the animal experimentation ethics committee of Santo Amaro University (07/2015). The rats (Wistar, all male, with 22-23 months of age were used) were caged with access to food and water ad libitum and 12-hour light cycle (7:00 am to 7:00 pm). The homeopathic medicines were prepared following the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. The animals were randomly distributed in 4 groups (n= 6): control; hydroalcoholic solution; Calcarea carbonica 30cH (Calc) and Baryta muriatica 30cH (Bar-m). 5 globules of the medicines were added to each water dispenser; the containers were changed twice per week along 40 days. All investigators were blinded to the allocation groups. After 40 days all the animals were euthanized and the testicles collected. Based on their width and length, the testiclesâ€™ volume was calculated by means of the ellipsoid formula. Slides were prepared and stained with PAS. Photographs were taken of the slides with 40x magnification under microscope; software Image J was used to measure the diameter of 50 seminiferous tubules per slide (animal), diameter of the parenchyma and lumen of each tubule. Statistical analysis was performed by means of ANOVA followed by Tukeyâ€™s test; the significance level was set to pâ‰¤ 0.05. Increase of the testiclesâ€™ volume, increased parenchymal diameter and decrease of the tubular lumen was found in groups Calc and Bar-m compared to controls and the group treated with hydroalcoholic solution (p â‰¤ 0.05). We conclude that the tested homeopathic medicines changed the testicle histomorphometry of animals in senescence/senility.

Keywords: Testicular histomorphometry, homeopathy, Calcarea carbonica, Baryta muriatica, Senescence/Senility
Drugs in ultra-high dilution induce changes in the enthalpy associated with loss of crystallization water in lactose
Authors: Konar Atheni , Sarkar Tandra , Sukul Nirmal Chandra , Sukul Anirban
Published: July 2021

Drugs in ultra-high dilution (UHD) are used in homeopathy. Lactose is used as a binding medium for UHD drugs. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed that although devoid of molecules of the starting substance, different UHD drugs exhibit different amounts of free water molecules and variation in hydrogen bond strength. The aim of the present study was to establish whether specific water structures in UHD could specifically modify the water structure in lactose, particularly the water of crystallization. 3 UHDâ€™s (potencies), 30cH, 200cH and 1000cH, of 2 drugs, Natrum muriaticum and Sulphur were mixed to lactose samples separately. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the samples was measured. The thermograms of potencies mixed to lactose differed from each other with respect to temperature and enthalpy associated with the removal of water of crystallization from lactose. We believe that the tested UHD modified the water structure in lactose thereby changing the enthalpy for the removal of water of crystallization. Different levels of thermal energy are needed to remove both free water molecules and water of crystallization from lactose. UHDâ€™s also contributed to the change in enthalpy associated with the removal of water of crystallization from lactose. The tested UHD might have modified the number and strength of hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure of lactose. Specific water structures in liquid aqueous ethanol medium are transferable to the solid medium(lactose).
Study of the Effects of Homeopathic Medicine Carcinosinum on Mammary Adenocarcinoma (4T1 cells) in vitro.
Authors: Bonamin Leoni Villano , Silva Thaís Cristina , Santos William Alves , Pinto Sandra AG , Xavier Vanessa , Perez Elizabeth Cristina
Published: July 2021

Background: There are few published researches about the exclusive use of Carsinosinum in several potencies to treat cancer. The name Carcinosinum refers to any homeopathic preparation of epithelial cancerous tissues and is especially indicated when there are any hereditary and familial antecedents of cancer, tuberculosis, diabetes, pernicious anemia or a combination of two or more of these diseases. Homeopathic complexes which include Conium Maculatum, Sabal Serrulata, Thuja Occidentalis and Carcinosinum can reduce in 23% the incidence of prostate cancer in vivo and in 38% the tumor volume, compared to untreated groups. Another in vivo study revealed reduction of symptoms and increase of survival time in mice bearing Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma, after treatment with Carcinosinum 200cH. In vitro, Carcinosinum 200cH can increase the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene p53. However, mice treated with Carcinosinum 6cH had the highest percentage and diversity of symptoms compared to other treatments, which demonstrate the importance of homeopathic potency in pro or anti-carcinogenic action. Considering that the literature on this subject is still rare and focused on genotypic and clinical effects, the present study was proposed, with the aim of identifying the possible phenotypic changes, including viability, HER-2 expression and metastatic skills, using 4T1 cells in vitro as a model, after treatment with Carcinosinum in different homeopathic working dilutions (12cH; 30cH; 200cH), prepared mechanically (Denise Machine, Autic®) in our laboratory using sterile pure water, from a commercial matrix (HN Cristiano, São Paulo, Brazil) stocked in 70% hydro-alcoholic solution. The final dilutions were inserted in the culture medium in a volume equal to 10%, at the time of cell seeding. The same succussioned vehicle used to prepare the medicines (70% hydro-alcoholic solution), from the same batch and diluted 1:100 in sterile pure water, was used as control. All treated cells were cultivated in bottles of 25ml with cell density of 5 x 105 cells / ml and, after 24 hours of treatment, they were analyzed for the apoptosis index using the Annexin V kit and measured by the Countess® system. The morphology of the 4T1 cells was monitored by staining fixed cell smears with hematoxylin-eosin method. The samples were evaluated in quadruplicate and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The results obtained up to now show that the treatment with Carcinosinum 12cH produced a different pattern of cell death compared to the other treatments, with significant reduction in apoptosis index (one-way ANOVA, p=0.01) and clear hydropic degeneration phenotypic pattern. The analysis of HER-2 expression and metastatic skill will be the next step of this research.
Effects of Phytolacca decandra on the viability of murine breast adenocarcinoma (4T1 cells) in vitro
Authors: Santos William Alves , Silva Thaís Cristina , Pinto Sandra AG , Xavier Vanessa , Perez Elizabeth Cristina , Bonamin Leoni Villano
Published: July 2021

Background: Comparative studies in cancer patients using conventional and alternative therapy have demonstrated that Phytolacca decandra in homeopathic potencies increases survival and improves quality of life of patients bearing breast cancer. In vitro studies show the induction of apoptosis pathways in MCF-7, a human breast cancer cells lineage, after treatment with Phytolacca decandra in different homeopathic dilutions (from 30C to 10M). Recently, we observed significant growth reduction of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice treated with Phytolacca decandra 30cH.

Aims: To evaluate Phytolacca decandra effect in different homeopathic dilutions on the phenotypic features, apoptosis index, and cell morphology of 4T1 cells (murine carcinoma cell lineage) in vitro.

Method: The potencies 6, 12, 30 and 200 CH prepared in sterile pure water were studied. Dynamized sterile pure water was used as control. The cytotoxicity was evaluated after different cell treatments in culture bottles (25ml) with the homeopathic medicines (equal to 10% of total medium volume). Cells were cultured in a cell density of 5 x 105 cells / ml, treated with the respective potency and, after 24 hours, analyzed for the apoptosis index using Annexin V kit and measured using the Countess® System. The morphology of the 4T1 cells was monitored by staining fixed cell smears with hematoxylin-eosin method. Cells were previously adhered to a glass cover slip and fixed with absolute methanol. The samples were evaluated in quadruplicate and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

Results and discussion: The results obtained up to now show that the treatment with Phytolacca decandra 200cH induced increase of apoptosis index in relation to the control. Moreover, morphological changes were observed in the respective cell smears: the presence of multinucleated cells, some of them presenting up to 8 nuclei and the increase of eosinophilic staining pattern of cytoplasm, even in mononucleated cells.

Conclusion: The increase in apoptosis index reproduced the results described in the literature with other cell lineages, but the changes in morphology still deserve further evaluation.
Extremely dilution of Strychnos Nux vomica mitigates alcohol-induced reduction in enthalpies associated with free water molecules in fish brain
Authors: Konar Atheni , Sukul NirmalChandra
Published: July 2021

Background: Alcoholism is a global health problem. Extract of the seeds of Strychnos Nux vomica and its high dilution have long been used in homeopathy for alcohol induced diseases of patients. Alcoholism leads to reduced brain volume. Glial cells like astroglia contain large number of water channel proteins or aquaporin (AQP4) which mediate glial oedema resulting from ethanol intoxication. Nux vomica, a homeopathic drug of plant origin, is known to counteract alcohol effect.

Aim: The objective of this present study is to find out the level of free water molecules in the brain of a teleost fish under ethanol intoxication. The other purpose is to determine whether Nux vomica could restore the level of free water in the alcohol treated fish.

Methodology: One group of fish was exposed to 456 mM ethanol for 30 min, another exposed first to a solution of Nux vomica 200c for 20 min and then to 456 mM ethanol for 30 min. The third group served as an untreated control. The mid brain of each fish was kept in an aluminium sample pan and its free water level was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Data were analyzed by ANOVA.

Results and discussion: The results show that there was no significant variation in melting and freezing temperature of brain samples but the enthalpies, both freezing and melting varied significantly (P
Biphasic response of biological objects on variation of low deuterium concentration in water.
Authors: Lobyshev Valentin
Published: July 2021

For the first time we study the effects of deuterium for various alive and model biological systems on a wide scale of deuterium concentration including water depleted of deuterium. All the data have statistical significance better than 0.05. Mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.
Impedance Spectrometry Research of UHD Solutions – a pilot study
Authors: Jerman Igor , Pericek Krapež Vesna
Published: July 2021

UHD effects on humans are seen as placebo and the science involved as a pseudoscience, quackery. In contrast to this conviction, there abound serious researches involving plants, tissue cultures, biochemical and animal models giving strong evidence to the controversial phenomenon. There are also physicochemical investigations. We tried to investigate the possibility of molecular information transfer into a colloidal system by CYBRES EIS-MU impedance spectrometer. The results of the first pilot tests show some sensitivity of the impedance spectrometry measuring device to imprinting, but more systematic experiments should be done to evaluate its statistical significance, involving also homeopathic remedies.
Synergetic effect of NH3 and NOx on the production and optical absorption of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation
Authors: Liu Shijie , Huang Dandan , Wang Yiqian , Zhang Si , Wu Can , Du Wei , Wang Gehui
Published: July 2021

Abstract. NH3 is the most important alkaline gas in the atmosphere and one of the key species affecting the behaviors of atmospheric aerosols. However, the impact of NH3 on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation remains poorly understood, especially the dynamic evolution of chemical compositions in the SOA formation process. A series of chamber experiments was performed to probe the individual and common effects of NH3 and NOx on toluene SOA formation through OH-photooxidation. The chemical compositions of toluene SOA were characterized using the Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). From 637 ± 14.6 μg m−3 (control), the SOA mass concentration increased to 867 ± 12.7 μg m−3 in the presence of NH3 and decreased to 452 ± 18.9 μg m−3 in the presence of NOx. However, the highest SOA concentration (1020 ± 10.6 μg m−3) and the lowest carbon oxidation state (OSC) occurred in the presence of both NH3 and NOx, indicating that the higher volatility products that formed in the presence of NOx could precipitate into the particle-phase when NH3 was added. This resulted in a synergetic effect on SOA formation when NH3 and NOx co-existed. The heterogeneous reaction was the main pathway by which NH3 participated in SOA formation in the photooxidation process. The synergetic effect of NH3 and NOx was also observed in SOA optical absorption. A peak at 280 nm, which is characteristic of organonitrogen imidazole compounds, was observed in the presence of NH3 and its intensity increased when NOx was added into the chamber. This work improves our understanding of how the synergistic interactions between NH3 and NOx influence SOA formation and offers new insights into mitigating aerosol pollution that factor in mixed atmospheric conditions.
Photometric observations of the main-belt asteroid 665 Sabine and Minor Planet Bulletin
Authors: Sioulas Nick
Published: July 2021

Photometric observations of the main-belt asteroid 665 Sabine and Minor Planet Bulletin Nick SioulasNOAK Observatory, Stavraki (IAU code L02) Ioannina, Greece (nsioulas@hotmail.com)IntroductionIn this work, the photometric observations of the main-belt asteroid 665 Sabine were conducted from the NOAK Observatory, in Greece in order to determine its synodic rotation period. The results were submitted to Asteroid Lightcurve Photometry Database (ALCDEF) and Minor Planet Bulletin.AbstractThe Minor Planet Bulletin is the official publication of the Minor Planets Section of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (ALPO). All amateurs and professionals can publish their asteroid photometry results, including lightcurves, H-G parameters, color indexes, and shape/spin axis models. It is also the refereed journal by the SAO/NASA ADS. All MPB papers are indexed in the ADS. The lightcurve of an asteroid can be used to determine the period, the shape and its size. We can also understand its composition (if it is a solid body or something else) and the orientation of the spin axes. Due to the high number of the asteroids the need of measuring them is important and all available telescopes are necessary to track them. My amateur observatory participates in the effort to record all these objects in the Solar System. It also conducts observations of various objects and other phenomena such as exoplanet transits, contributing to the Ariel Space Mission with the Exoclock Project, asteroid occultations and comet photometry.The observatory is registered in IAU as L02, «NOAK Observatory, Stavraki», in the town of Ioannina, Greece. References[1] Roger Dymock: Asteroids and Dwarf Planets[2] Brian D. Warner: A Practical Guide to Lightcurve Photometry and Analysis[3] http://alcdef.org/index.php[4] http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/
Europa’s interaction with the jovian plasma from hybrid simulation
Authors: Baskevitch Claire-Alexandra , Cecconi Baptiste , Modolo Ronan
Published: July 2021

Galilean moons are embedded in Jupiter’s giant magnetosphere. The jovian plasma particles interact with the atmosphere of the moons, exchanging momentum and energy, and generate different phenoma such as aurora, electric current, etc.The exploration of the Galilean moons, and in particular Ganymede and Europa considered as potential habitats, are listed among the main objectives of the ESA JUpiter ICy moon Explorer mission. In preparation of future observations, a simulation effort is conducted to describe the Europa moon-magnetosphere system as well as a study of radio wave propagation in the environments of Ganymede and Europa using a ray tracing code.LatHyS is a hybrid 3D, multi-species and parallel simulation model which is based on a kinetic description of ions and a fluid description of electrons. The model is based on the CAM-CL algorithm that Alan Matthews¹ outlined in 1994. It allows to describe the interaction between the jovian plasma and the moon environments. As Ganymede's environment has already been implemented, we propose to enrich the model by completing it with Europa's – jovian plasma interaction and to optimize it in order to improve the accuracy of the results.Artemis-P, developed by Gautier² in 2013, is a ray tracing code that calculates the trajectory of waves through a given environment. Planetary environments are anisotropic and inhomogeneous, so that radio waves can undergo refraction, reflection, scattering, diffraction, interference, etc. between the source and the detector. The ray tracing methods allow to treat the refraction and reflection phenomena at large scales compared to the wavelength. The proposed work is to adjust this program to the environments of Ganymede and Europa using data from LatHyS simulations. Références :1 Alan P. Matthews, Current Advance Method and Cyclic Leapfrog for 2D Multispecies Hybrid Plasma Simulations, Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 112, Issue 1, 1994, Pages 102-116, ISSN 0021-9991, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1994.1084.² Anne-Lise Gautier. Étude de la propagation des ondes radio dans les environnements planétaires. Planétologie et astrophysique de la terre [astro-ph.EP]. Observatoire de Paris, 2013. Français. tel-01145651v2
The rotation of Ganymede and Callisto
Authors: Van Hoolst Tim , Baland Rose-Marie , Beuthe Mikael , Coyette Alexis , Rivoldini Attilio , Yseboodt Marie
Published: July 2021

The rotation rates of Ganymede and Callisto, the two largest satellites of Jupiter, are on average equal to their orbital mean motion but cannot be constant as a result of the varying gravitational torque exerted by Jupiter on the satellites. For a Keplerian orbit, the period of the torque and of the rotation variations is equal to the orbital period. Gravitational interaction with the other Galilean satellites and the Sun induces deviations from a purely Keplerian orbital motion, leading to changes in the gravitational torque of Jupiter on the satellites with respect to the mean Keplerian orbital motion and therefore to additional rotation variations. Here we discuss small variations from the average rotation on different time scales and assess the potential of using rotation as a probe of the interior structure.The ESA JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) mission will measure the rotation and tides of Ganymede and Callisto in the early 30s, and will in particular very accurately determine those quantities for Ganymede during the orbital phase of the spacecraft around that satellite starting in 2032. We report on different theoretical aspects of the rotation for realistic models of the interior of the satellites, include tidal deformations and take into account the low-degree gravity field and topography of Ganymede and Callisto. We assess the advantages of a joint use of rotation and tides to constrain the satellite's interior structure, in particular its ice shell and ocean.
Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling study at Saturn Based on Cassini high-latitude and Grand Finale Orbits and Modelling Tools
Authors: Clément Noé , Al Saati Sariah , Blanc Michel , Wang Yuxian , André Nicolas , Louis Corentin , Lamy Laurent , Blelly Pierre-Louis , Louarn Philippe , Marchaudon Aurélie , Tao Chihiro
Published: July 2021

The dynamics of the Kronian magnetosphere is controlled by the complex interplay of the planet’s fast rotation, its solar-wind interaction and its main plasma sources at Enceladus and other moons. At the ionospheric level, these MIT coupling processes can be characterized by a set of key parameters which include ionospheric conductances, currents and electric fields, exchanges of particles along field lines and auroral emissions. Knowledge of these key parameters in turn makes it possible to estimate the net deposition/extraction of momentum and energy into/out of the Kronian upper atmosphere. In this talk we will apply to Cassini high-inclination, F-ring and Grand Finale orbits the method developed and tested by Wang et al. (JGR 2021, under review) for Juno studies. We will combine Cassini multi-instrument data (MAG, CAPS, MIMI, UVIS and RPWS) with adequate modelling tools and data bases to retrieve these key parameters along the Cassini magnetic footprint and across the north and south auroral ovals. We will present preliminary distributions of conductances, electric currents and electric fields obtained from these orbits and will compare them with model predictions.
The intensity of energetic particles at the evolving Earth
Authors: Rodgers-Lee Donna , Taylor Andrew , Vidotto Aline , Downes Turlough
Published: July 2021

Energetic particles can drive the formation of prebiotic molecules in exoplanetary which are important for the origin of life. On the other hand, large energetic particle fluxes are known to be detrimental to developed life by damaging DNA. Thus, in order to understand the origin, and subsequent survival, of life on Earth it is necessary to first understand the energetic particle fluxes incident on Earth at that time. There are two types of energetic particles that are important: stellar energetic particles accelerated by their host star and Galactic cosmic rays.I will present our recent results that model the propagation of these energetic particles through the wind of a Sun-like star during its lifetime. We find, at the time when life is thought to have begun on Earth, that Galactic cosmic ray fluxes were greatly suppressed in comparison to present-day values. However, I will show that stellar energetic particle fluxes would have been larger than present-day values. I motivate that the maximum stellar energetic particle energy increases for younger stars. This is extremely important because higher energy particles are more likely to impact the surface of a planet, in addition to its atmosphere. I will briefly discuss how we applied our model to an exoplanetary system and how this can be linked to upcoming observations.
Turbulent vertical mixing of H2O and SO2 in the Venus cloud layer
Authors: Lefèvre Maxence , Marcq Emmanuel , Encrenaz Thérèse , Lefèvre Franck
Published: July 2021

. IntroductionVenus is hosting a global sulfuric acid cloud layer between 45 and 70 km which has been investi- gated by the Venus Express and Akatsuki mission as well as its coupling with the surface. One of the main questions that remains unclear about the dynamics of the Venusian atmosphere is how this convective cloud layer mixes momentum, heat, and chemical species and generates gravity waves. Several models have been developed to study these phenomenons. We proposed to use these models to study the impact of this turbulence on the chemical species, focusing on water and sulfuric dioxide.2. ModelTo study the convective layer, a Large Eddy Simulations (LES) model [1] has been developed using the Weather-Research Forecast (WRF) non-hydrostatic dynamical core [2] coupled with the IPSL Venus GCM physics package [3]. The model is able to resolve a realistic convective layer between 47 and 55 km as well as one convective layer at cloud top altitudes (70 km) at the substellar point (Fig 1).Figure 1: Vertical cross-section of the vertical wind (m/s) at the Equator at noon. Between 47 and 55 km is the main convective layer, between 55 and 67 km are the gravity waves induced by convection and between 67 and 73 is the cloud top convective layer presents only at the substellar point.Tracers has been included in the model representing H2O and SO2, the chemistry and photodissociation sources and sinks are modeled by a linear relaxation of the tracer abundance toward a prescribed vertical profile with a characteristic time. The relaxation time ranges from 102 to 106 s. The prescribed vertical tracer profiles are constructed using observed abundance visible in Fig 2.Figure 2: Vertical profile of the tracer abudance relaxation profile. The black represents the value for the deep atmosphre [4], the star is the SO2 ground based observations at 65 km [5] and the circle is the cloud top H2O Venus Express value [6, 7].3. ResultsThis simple model is able to determine the vertical mixing for  SO2 and H2O in the cloud layer, and for which chemical timescale the convection plays an important role. The resolution of 500 m allow an estimate of the horizontal turbulent spatial features, induced by the convection and gravity waves, for SO2 and H2O.References[1] Lefèvre et al., JGR : Planets, 123, 2773-2789, 2018.[2] Skamarock, W. C. and J. B. Klemp, J., Comput. Phys., 227, 3465-3485, 2008[3] Garate-Lopez, I. and Lebonnois., S., Icarus, 314,1-11, 2018.[4] Bézard, B. and De Bergh, C., JGR : Planets, 112, 2007.[5] Encrenaz, T. et al., A. & A., 595, 2016.[6] Fedorova, A. et al., Icarus, 275, 143-162, 2016.[7] Cottini., V. et al., Icarus, 217, 561-569, 2012.
Searching for exoplanets around M-dwarfs with ExTrA
Authors: Cointepas Marion , Bonfils Xavier , Almenara Jose
Published: July 2021

ExTrA (Exoplanets in Transits and their Atmospheres - Bonfils et al. 2015) is a new instrument composed of an array of three 60-cm telescopes capable of infrared photometry and located in La Silla, Chile. This instrument relies on a new approach that involves combining optical photometry with spectroscopic information in order to mitigate the disruptive effect of Earth’s atmosphere, as well as effects introduced by instruments and detectors.  ExTrA is currently being used to confirm TESS planet detections around M-dwarfs, refine transit parameters, and search for additional exoplanets in the same systems. ExTrA obtains a better precision for the planetary radius and for the transit timings for late M-type stars with one or a few TESS transits. This work already led to the confirmation of a mini-Neptune around the M-dwarf TOI-269 (Cointepas et al. 2021). ExTrA will also work in tandem with NIRPS, a near-infrared spectrograph that will join HARPS (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher) on the 3.6m ESO telescope to conduct a comprehensive radial-velocity survey on M dwarfs. 
C/2010 U3 (Boattini): A Bizarre Comet Active at Record Heliocentric Distance
Authors: Hui Man-To , Farnocchia Davide , Micheli Marco
Published: July 2021

We report an identification of long-period comet C/2010 U3 (Boattini) active at a new record inbound heliocentric distance of rH ≈ 26 au. Two outburst events around 2009 and 2017 were observed. The dust morphology of the coma and tail cannot be explained unless the Lorentz force, solar gravitation, and solar radiation pressure force are all taken into account. Optically dominant dust grains have radii of ~10 μm and are ejected protractedly at speeds ≤50 m s−1 near the subsolar point. The prolonged activity indicates that sublimation of supervolatiles (e.g., CO, CO2) is at play. Similar to other long-period comets, the colour of the cometary dust is redder than the solar colours. We also observed potential colour variations when the comet was at 10 < rH < 15 au, concurrent with the onset of crystallisation of amorphous water ice, if any. Using publicly available and our refined astrometric measurements, we estimated the precise trajectory of the comet, propagated it backward to its previous perihelion, and found that the comet visited the planetary region ~2 Myr ago at perihelion distance q ≈ 8 au. Thus, C/2010 U3 (Boattini) is almost certainly a dynamically old comet from the Oort cloud, and the observed activity cannot be caused by retained heat from the previous apparition. The detailed study is presented in Hui et al. (2019, AJ, 157, 162).
Formation conditions of Titan
Authors: Immerzeel Carmen , Cazaux Stéphanie , Oberg Nick
Published: July 2021

Satellites are generally believed to form in circumplanetary disks (CPDs): a gas disk containing icy and rocky particles that accumulate to form massive moons over time. The discoveries by the Cassini-Huygens mission have led to a revision of the birth environment of the Saturnian system.We aim to constrain the formation circumstances of Titan's building blocks by considering the moon's observed characteristics. We use radiation thermo-chemical CPD models and evaluate them on their capacity to reproduce a Titan-like satellite.To form a moon with Titan's ice-to-rock ratio, we find that the dust-to-gas ratio in the CPD must be in the order of solar nebula values, O(10-2). The ice availability upon accretion is otherwise incompatible with Titan's moment of inertia. Our models predict a large NH3 inventory was available upon Titan's formation, ∼10-20wt.% of the total ice. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the observed N2 in Titan is captured as NH3 and converted by photolysis and shock heating, and is compatible with the possible presence of a conductive layer at 45±15 km as revealed by the Huygens probe.