bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of factors affecting the seam slippage of garments
Authors: Chen Daoling , Cheng Pengpeng
Published: March 2019

Seam slippage often occurs with some garments during the process of wearing or washing, which not only affects the appearance of the garment but also influences garment quality. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that affect the seam slippage of garments. In order to make the test results closer to those of the garment itself, this study first proposed to make the fabric into a Japanese woman's prototype sample, in order to simulate the garments produced by a garment enterprise. Then, according to standards GB/T 13772.2-2008/ISO 13936-2: 2004 and GB/T 21294-2014, samples were made and seam slippage at the armhole and side seam was tested. Experimental results reveal that the factors that cause the seam slippage of garments are the fabric, seam type and sewing thread. According to the regression analysis, the seam type has a significant effect on the seam slippage of the armhole and side seam, with Pearson correlation coefficients of −0.715 and −0.650, respectively. Thickness, weight, weft density and weave type of the fabric are also important in terms of seam slippage. The weight of the fabric is more significant than other factors; the significant values at the armhole and side seam are 0.009 and 0.002, respectively. In the linear equation, it is shown that weft breaking strength of the fabric only impacts the seam slippage at the side seam. Sewing thread is another important factor for the seam slippage of garments, and its influence on the armhole is obvious; the larger the sewing thread linear density of polyester material is, the smaller the seam slippage is.
Do gentrifying neighbourhoods have less community? Evidence from Philadelphia
Authors: Gibbons Joseph , Barton Michael S , Reling Timothy T
Published: March 2019

One of the more detrimental effects of gentrification is the potential for a decreased sense of neighbourhood community. Systematic analysis of the effect of gentrification on communities has been limited. This study investigated how an individual’s sense of connection to neighbourhood community, as measured by trust, belongingness and sense of cooperation, was influenced by their residence in a gentrifying neighbourhood. We utilised hierarchical linear models with individual data from the 2014/2015 Public Health Management Corporation’s Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey and neighbourhood data from the 2000 Decennial Census and 2010–2014 American Community Survey. We find that gentrification overall has a negative relation with neighbourhood community, but this relationship varied by the racial/ethnic turnover underlying the changes taking place in these neighbourhoods. Specifically, we find that gentrification marked by increases in Whites and decreases in non-Whites had no measurable relation with neighbourhood community; that gentrification marked by increases in non-Whites alone had a positive effect on neighbourhood community for Black and Hispanic residents; and that gentrifying neighbourhoods which experienced an increase in both Whites and non-Whites had a negative overall relation with neighbourhood community.
Irritable bowel syndrome in Egyptian patients: plausible risk factors and association with intestinal protozoa
Authors: Salem Aziza I , El-Taweel Hend A , Madkour Marwa A , Abd El-Latif Naglaa F , Abd-Elrazeq Ebtesam S
Published: March 2019

The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not yet clear. Our study suggested parasitic infection and other plausible risk factors among Egyptian IBS patients. We studied 40 IBS patients diagnosed according to Rome III criteria (Group I), 40 with other gastrointestinal symptoms (Group II) and 40 healthy controls (Group III). Stool samples were examined using direct wet smear, sedimentation technique, trichrome stain and immune-chromatographic tests for Cryptosporidium parvum. IBS patients displayed a significantly greater percentage of Blastocystis hominis infection (45%) than non-IBS patients (20%) and healthy controls (10%). Dientamoeba fragilis was identified in two IBS patients. Detection of B. hominis was independent of demographic characters, IBS subtype, Helicobacter pylori infection or medications, but with a positive association with a history of antibiotic intake with IBS.
Robust filtering with randomly delayed measurements and its application to ballistic target tracking in boost phase
Authors: Qin Wutao , Wang Xiaogang , Cui Naigang
Published: March 2019

Motivated by the performance degradation of High-degree Cubature Kalman Filtering (HCKF) in coping with randomly delayed measurements in non-Gaussian system, a novel robust filtering named as Randomly Delayed High-degree Cubature Huber-based Filtering (RD-HCHF) is proposed in this paper. At first, the system model is re-written by the Bernoulli random variables to describe the randomly delayed measurements. Then, the Randomly Delayed HCKF (RD-HCKF) is derived based on the rewritten system model and 5th-degree spherical-radial cubature (SRC) rule. In order to enhance the robustness of the filter in glint noise case, the measurement update of RD-HCKF is modified by the Huber technique, which is essentially an M-estimator. Therefore, the proposed RD-HCHF is not only robust to the randomly delayed measurements, but also robust to the glint noise. In addition, the RD-HCHF is applied to the ballistic target tracking in boost phase, and the Gravity-Turn (GT) model is taken as the target model. Finally, the simulation is conducted and the tracking performance of RD-HCHF is compared with that of HCKF, RD-HCKF and High-degree Cubature Huber-based Filtering (HCHF). The results clearly confirm the superiority of the RD-HCHF.
Of Nice and Mean: The Personal Relevance of Others’ Competence Drives Perceptions of Warmth
Authors: Carrier Antonin , Dompnier Benoît , Yzerbyt Vincent
Published: March 2019

Past research shows that when forming an impression of an interdependent person, perceivers are motivated to look for information relevant to their goals and interests. The present experiments examined what happens after this information-seeking stage and showed that the relevance of the target’s attributes for one’s goals and interests drives warmth impressions. Using both a scenario (Experiment 1) and realistic methodologies (Experiment 3), we showed that when the perceiver had to collaborate with a target, the more competent the target, the more perceivers anticipated success and the more the target came across as warm. By contrast, in a competition setting, the competence of the target negatively affected prospects of success and impressions of warmth. Experiment 2 further showed that the target’s competence drove warmth impressions only when perceivers attached a great value to the success of the task, suggesting that these inferences have a motivational underpinning.
A Blocked-CAT Procedure for CD-CAT
Authors: Kaplan Mehmet , de la Torre Jimmy
Published: March 2019

This article introduces a blocked-design procedure for cognitive diagnosis computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT), which allows examinees to review items and change their answers during test administration. Four blocking versions of the new procedure were proposed. In addition, the impact of several factors, namely, item quality, generating model, block size, and test length, on the classification rates was investigated. Three popular item selection indices in CD-CAT were used and their efficiency compared using the new procedure. An additional study was carried out to examine the potential benefit of item review. The results showed that the new procedure is promising in that allowing item review resulted only in a small loss in attribute classification accuracy under some conditions. Moreover, using a blocked-design CD-CAT is beneficial to the extent that it alleviates the negative impact of test anxiety on examinees’ true performance.
Assessment and Treatment of Pain during In‐Office Otolaryngology Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Frank Ethan , Carlson Bradley , Hu Amanda , Randall Derrick R. , Tamares Shanalee , Inman Jared C. , Crawley Brianna K.
Published: March 2019

Objective

To qualitatively assess practices of periprocedural pain assessment and control and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for pain during in‐office procedures reported in the otolaryngology literature through a systematic review.

Data Sources

PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science searches from inception to 2018.

Review Methods

English‐language studies reporting qualitative or quantitative data for periprocedural pain assessment in adult patients undergoing in‐office otolaryngology procedures were included. Risk of bias was assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias or Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non‐Randomized Studies of Interventions tools as appropriate. Two reviewers screened all articles. Bias was assessed by 3 reviewers.

Results

Eighty‐six studies describing 32 types of procedures met inclusion criteria. Study quality and risk of bias ranged from good to serious but did not affect assessed outcomes. Validated methods of pain assessment were used by only 45% of studies. The most commonly used pain assessment was patient tolerance, or ability to simply complete a procedure. Only 5.8% of studies elicited patients’ baseline pain levels prior to procedures, and a qualitative assessment of pain was done in merely 3.5%. Eleven unique pain control regimens were described in the literature, with 8% of studies failing to report method of pain control.

Conclusion

Many reports of measures and management of pain for in‐office procedures exist but few employ validated measures, few are standardized, and current data do not support any specific pain control measures over others. Significant opportunity remains to investigate methods for improving patient pain and tolerance of in‐office procedures.
Dose-dependent effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram: A combined SPECT and phMRI study
Authors: Schrantee Anouk , Solleveld Michelle M , Schwantje Hilde , Bruin Willem B , Mutsaerts Henk-Jan MM , Adriaanse Sofie M , Lucassen Paul , Booij Jan , Reneman Liesbeth
Published: March 2019

Background:

Serotonin transporter blockers, like citalopram, dose-dependently bind to the serotonin transporter. Pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) can be used to non-invasively monitor effects of serotonergic medication. Although previous studies showed that phMRI can measure the effect of a single dose of serotoninergic medication, it is currently unclear whether it can also detect dose-dependent effects.

Aims:

To investigate the dose-dependent phMRI response to citalopram and compared this with serotonin transporter occupancy, measured with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Methods:

Forty-five healthy females were randomized to pre-treatment with placebo, a low (4 mg) or clinically standard (16 mg) oral citalopram dose. Prior to citalopram, and 3 h after, subjects underwent SPECT scanning. Subsequently, a phMRI scan with a citalopram challenge (7.5 mg intravenously) was conducted. Change in cerebral blood flow in response to the citalopram challenge was assessed in the thalamus and occipital cortex (control region).

Results:

Citalopram dose-dependently affected serotonin transporter occupancy, as measured with SPECT. In addition, citalopram dose-dependently affected the phMRI response to intravenous citalopram in the thalamus (but not occipital cortex), but phMRI was less sensitive in distinguishing between groups than SPECT. Serotonin transporter occupancy showed a trend-significant correlation to thalamic cerebral blood flow change.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that phMRI likely suffers from higher variation than SPECT, but that these techniques probably also assess different functional aspects of the serotonergic synapse; therefore phMRI could complement positron emission tomography/SPECT for measuring effects of serotonergic medication.
Life in the cryo-kennel: The ‘exceptional’ life of frozen pet DNA
Authors: Kroløkke Charlotte
Published: March 2019

This article employs a feminist science and technology studies perspective to investigate how the cryo-vitality of frozen pet DNA is potentialized and animated. This is accomplished by empirically foregrounding the marketing material and online presence of two genetic pet preservation companies: PerPETuate and ViaGen Pets. While the allure of cryopreservation for pet owners is situated in light of the ability to re-animate and re-entangle biological matter into future (old) pets, the preservation of pet DNA is potentialized through the logics of love, sameness, purity, and kinship. The article shows how preserved dog DNA moves from a rescue discourse in which exceptional kinds of dogs are preserved to a preservation-of-kin discourse in which the preserved pet DNA is narrated in humanist kinship terms. Exploring the ways that pet DNA preservation and culturing is articulated from kin(d) to brand, the study speaks to the human-animal cryo-interface calling for scholarly attention to the emergent businesses in preserving biological material for one’s future use.
Problems with the concept of capitalism in the social sciences
Authors: Block Fred
Published: March 2019

The paper argues that the term “capitalism” carries with it baggage that interferes with our ability to understand contemporary market economies. The evolution of work in the “varieties of capitalism” literature is used to make the argument that more essentialist modes of analysis win out over those that emphasize variation and contingency. It is argued that analysts should instead use the terminology of variegated societies operating within a capitalist world economy in order to develop a better toolkit for analyzing political, social, and economic change.
The prevalence of headache in German pupils of different ages and school types
Authors: Nieswand Vera , Richter Matthias , Berner Reinhard , von der Hagen Maja , Klimova Anna , Roeder Ingo , Koch Thea , Sabatowski Rainer , Gossrau Gudrun
Published: March 2019

Background/objective

Headache in pupils is underestimated and has a negative impact on learning and life. The aim of this study was to investigate headache prevalence and its collateral effects, in pupils of different ages and school types in a German city.

Methods

Anonymized questionnaires were distributed to 5419 pupils attending primary and secondary schools. Demographics, headache frequency, analgesic use, school absence and, for secondary school children, data on lifestyle were collected.

Results

The questionnaire was returned by 2706 children (49%), 1362 (50.3%) girls, 1344 (49.7%) boys. Of these, 36.6% indicated a frequency of 1, and 31.5% a frequency of ≥ 2 headache days per month within the last 3 months. Headache prevalence increased with school grade, age and secondary school type: 63.6%, 67.2% and 79.5% for primary school children, pupils attending 8-year and pupils attending 6-year secondary schools, respectively. With secondary school level I certificates, pupils are prepared for general professional training in 6 years. Secondary school level II results, after 8 years of training, in university entrance level II certificates, which are the precondition for university studies. Girls reported significantly more headache than boys (73% vs. 63.1%). A significant relationship has been observed between headache frequency and school absence and between headache intensity and headache frequency. Of pupils with headache at least twice a month, 48.1% reported analgesic intake. Ibuprofen (49.1%) and paracetamol (32.8%) were the most frequently used analgesics. Of those pupils with headache ≥ 2 days/month, 68.3% did not have a specific headache diagnosis. Concomitant diseases and regular drug intake, analgesic intake for another reason than headache, caffeine consumption and lack of participation in sports were positively correlated with headache.

Conclusions

The majority of pupils suffer from headache at least once a month. Since frequent headache results in educational and social limitations, pupils at risk should be identified and referred to headache education programs. Efforts are needed to improve the management of juvenile headache patients.
Can Transportation Change Land Property Rights in Developing Rural Areas? Case Study of Land Titles in a Brazilian Municipality
Authors: de Oliveira Alves Lucas Bispo , Maeda Shinnosuke , Morikawa So , Kato Hironori
Published: March 2019

The impact of transportation on economic development has been the subject of intense research. This paper investigates a potential impact on yet another aspect of the economy: land property rights (LPR). This institution determines who may own land and under what circumstances land transactions happen, with significant implications for farmers’ incentives and agricultural performance. Transportation is assumed to represent a technological shock capable of generating incentives for land titling. Data was collected in a rural municipality in Brazil where agricultural development has been closely related to the construction of a railway and a paved road. Farmers have subsequently applied for land titles. Two hypotheses are tested: first, farmers whose produce is transported by the railway are more likely to have land titles than those whose produce is not; second, farmers that are located closer to the paved road are more likely to have land titles than those located further away. IV are introduced to treat anticipated endogenous problems. Results indicate the acceptance of both hypotheses, which points to one significant policy implication: improvements in LPR can be considered one indirect impact of transportation, at least where the legal framework for titling is present. Initiatives to improve transportation and LPR may be implemented in parallel with mutually reinforcing effects. It must be noted, however, that likelihood of titling in rural areas is dependent on modes of transportation and on which products can be produced according to the agro-ecological features of each region.
Gender and Rail Transit Use: Influence of Environmental Beliefs and Safety Concerns
Authors: Hsu Hsin-Ping , Boarnet Marlon G. , Houston Douglas
Published: March 2019

Research suggests that gender influences attitudes toward both the environment and safety. While pro-environmental attitudes might encourage transit use, safety concerns might discourage transit use if the transit environment is perceived as unsafe. To quantitatively examine how gender, environmental beliefs, and safety concerns jointly affect transit use, results are analyzed from a longitudinal quasi-experimental study which conducted pre- and post-opening travel surveys near a new light rail transit service in Los Angeles. It is found that the influence of safety concerns on transit use is more prominent than that of environmental attitudes, particularly for women. Living closer to a new light rail transit station correlates with an increase in train ridership. This effect, however, is significantly lower for women. The results suggest that to foster transit use, reducing personal safety concerns related to transit may be more effective than increasing public awareness of transportation-related environmental issues, especially for attracting female riders.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation to Investigate the Adhesion and Diffusion of Asphalt Binder on Aggregate Surfaces
Authors: Du Zhao , Zhu Xingyi
Published: March 2019

Asphalt-aggregate interface properties are considered to play a crucial role in asphalt mixture. To better understand the detailed binding mechanism, the present study analyzed the adhesion and diffusion of asphalt binder on mineral surfaces at a nanoscale based on molecular dynamics simulation. A 12-component AAA-1 asphalt model and five oxide models were generated to represent asphalt binder and mineral aggregates, respectively. The effectiveness of these models was validated by comparing the physical properties of the model with the values reported in the literature. The binding energy and diffusion coefficient obtained were examined to characterize the adhesion and diffusion of asphalt on different mineral surfaces. The results indicated that van der Waals energy played the main role in forming the strong physisorption of asphalt on the mineral surface. Among all four fractions of asphalt, asphaltene made a great contribution to the adhesion of asphalt on the mineral surface. It was also found that the work of adhesion between asphalt and five oxides ranked MgO > CaO > Al2O3 > Fe2O3 > SiO2. The content of MgO and CaO in mineral aggregates can be further adopted as an index to evaluate and classify mineral aggregates during asphalt mixture design. Meanwhile, asphalt mobility does not entirely rely on the molecular mass but also depends strongly on the medium it adsorbed into and interaction energy. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the adhesion and diffusion of asphalt binder on the mineral aggregate surface at the atomistic scale.
Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Black Women
Authors: Moody Anahvia Taiyib , Lewis Jioni A.
Published: March 2019

We investigated the relations between gendered racial microaggressions (i.e., subtle gendered racism), gendered racial socialization, and traumatic stress symptoms among Black women. We hypothesized that gendered racial microaggressions would be significantly associated with traumatic stress symptoms and that gendered racial socialization would moderate the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. Participants were 226 Black women from across the United States who completed an online survey. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that a greater frequency of gendered racial microaggressions was significantly associated with greater traumatic stress symptoms; internalized gendered racial oppression moderated the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. The results of this study can inform future research on Black women’s experiences of gendered racism and the role of gendered racial socialization in their lives. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index
Trends and Gaps: A Meta-Review of Representative Bureaucracy
Authors: Bishu Sebawit G. , Kennedy Alexis R.
Published: March 2019

The representative bureaucracy theoretical framework explores the link between bureaucrats’ social and demographic characteristics and their likelihood to take actions that benefit citizens with whom they share identities. This meta-review analyzes 96 peer-reviewed representative bureaucracy journal articles to explore how the theoretical framework is described and applied and to track the contextual development of representative bureaucracy over time. Despite how far the field has come in connecting bureaucratic identity to normative policy outcomes, we find that the application of the theoretical framework is operationalized using a narrow set of shared identities (race and gender). In addition, we conclude that representative bureaucracy has been applied in limited geographic, methodological, and policy areas. Our article argues that the absence of studies that focus on intersectional identities, different geographic and policy contexts, and more qualitative and mixed methods impedes our understanding of the link between passive and active representation.
Perceptions of School Climate Among Students Self-Identifying as Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual
Authors: La Salle Tamika P. , Neves Jesslynn Rocha , Freeman Jennifer , Sugai George
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the current study was to examine perceptions of school climate among youth identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) using the Georgia Brief School Climate Inventory (GaBSCI). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the one-factor school climate construct of the GaBSCI, and measurement invariance was established among LGB students and their counterparts. Students identifying as LGB reported significantly lower perceptions of school climate. Establishing valid and reliable tools that can be integrated within the School Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) framework to guide data-based decision making may enhance positive outcomes for students.
Gliomatosis Cerebri Among Children and Adolescents: An Individual-Patient Data Meta-analysis of 182 Patients
Authors: Georgakis Marios K. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Pourtsidis Apostolos , Petridou Eleni Th.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare but fatal widespread infiltrating central nervous system tumor. We aimed to describe diagnostic and prognostic features of gliomatosis cerebri among children and adolescents.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic literature review for published case reports and case series on patients with histologically confirmed gliomatosis cerebri and extracted data on an individual patient level for those aged 0-18 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were fit for overall survival.

Results:

Following screening of 274 published studies, 182 gliomatosis cerebri patients (63% males) aged 0-18 years with individual-level data available were identified. The most common presenting symptoms were seizures (52%), focal motor deficits (36%), and headache (30%). Imaging showed bilateral hemisphere involvement in 60%, infratentorial infiltration in 39%, and a focal contrast-enhanced mass (type II gliomatosis cerebri) in 27% of cases. Anaplastic astrocytoma was the most common histologic subtype of pediatric gliomatosis cerebri, whereas MGMT promoter methylation, IDH1 mutations, and codeletion of 1p/19q were less common molecular aberrations, as compared to adult gliomatosis cerebri. In the multivariable analyses, age at diagnosis >4 years, extended central nervous system infiltration, coordination abnormalities, and cognitive decline were predictors of worse outcome. Conversely, IDH1 mutations were associated with prolonged overall survival. Chemotherapy and extended surgical resection were associated with improved outcome, whereas radiotherapy was not associated with overall survival and was inferior to chemotherapy alone.

Conclusion:

Gliomatosis cerebri among children and adolescents presents distinct histopathologic and molecular features compared to adults. However, similar associations of chemotherapy, and, when feasible, extended surgical resection, with favorable outcomes were noted among the 2 age groups.
Silk fibroin coating through EDC/NHS crosslink is an effective method to promote graft remodeling of a polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament
Authors: Cai Jiangyu , Zhang Li , Chen Jun , Chen Shiyi
Published: March 2019

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligaments is one of the research hotspots in sports medicine but it is still challenging to achieve biological healing. The purpose of this study was to modify polyethylene terephthalate ligament with silk fibroin through ethyl-3–(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) crosslink and to investigate the performance of graft remodeling in vitro and in vivo. After silk fibroin coating, changes in the surface properties of ligament were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. The compatibility of polyethylene terephthalate ligament with silk fibroin coating was investigated in vitro. The results showed the silk fibroin coating significantly improved adhesion, proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion of fibroblast cells. Moreover, a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model was established to evaluate the effect of ligament with silk fibroin coating in vivo. The gross observation and histological results showed that the silk fibroin coating significantly inhibited inflammation response and promoted new tissue regeneration with fusiform cells infiltration in and around the graft. Furthermore, the expressions of collagen I protein and mRNA in the silk fibroin-coated polyethylene terephthalate group were much higher than those in the control group according to the immunohistochemical and real-time polymerase chain reaction results. Therefore, silk fibroin coating through EDC/NHS crosslink promotes the biocompatibility and remodeling process of polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament in vitro and in vivo. It can be considered as a potential solution to the problem of poor remodeling of artificial ligaments after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the clinical applications.
A Theoretical Model of Spousal Caregiving Postintensive Care
Authors: Burns Margie E.
Published: March 2019

Assuming the role of caregiver for a life partner after critical illness can be both a rewarding and challenging experience for spouses. Using a grounded theory approach, Ågård, Egerod, Tønnesen, and Lomborg developed a theoretical model describing the experience from spouse to caregiver and back. To further develop this theoretical model, a literature review was completed and nursing interventions were identified and included in the model. Testing of this theoretical model is recommended to determine its empirical adequacy.
The Art of Dying: A Global Nursing Perspective
Authors: Baumann Steven L. , Bahadur Dhaneesha , Begonia Kathleen
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore how people from diverse backgrounds and places, who are severely ill, disabled, or facing death, use art to help themselves and others not only make sense of such experiences but live fully with loss and the limited time remaining. The humanbecoming paradigm is used to provide a language to talk about Western and non-Western experiences of life-threatening illness, disability and death, and art. The persons discussed in the paper suggest that age and place, although influences, are not particularly relevant, nor is severe illness, even those associated with significant failing capacities, because they cannot contain the human spirit or relationships.
Healthcare Decision-Making of African-American Patients: Comparing Positivist and Postmodern Approaches to Care
Authors: Rosa William E.
Published: March 2019

Healthcare decision-making (HCDM) may be a potentially challenging time for any person. When considered against the backdrop of being a minority, experiencing disparate care based on racial bias, and confronting the implications of advanced serious illness, the practices and processes of HCDM become increasingly complex. The purpose of this paper is to consider the HCDM of African-American patients with advanced serious illness through the lens of positivism and postmodernism and to make the argument that postmodern nursing is the ideal ethical and equitable approach to HCDM. Postmodernism reengages nurses to consider HCDM of African-American patients with advanced serious illness as an individualized, contextualized, whole-person process, requiring all ways of knowing. A postmodern nursing approach may promote sustainable and human-centered health interventions that will reposition an often marginalized group to the center of practice, policy, and research progress.
The Effect of Watson’s Care Model on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Turkish Women
Authors: Aktürk Ümmühan , Erci Behice
Published: March 2019

This study was designed to determine the effect of the care, given according to Watson’s model, on depression, stress, and anxiety levels of women who underwent medical abortion. This study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 as a real test model with a pretest-posttest control group. The data were collected by the researcher in women’s homes. Watson’s model decreased DAS levels of the women in the experimental group after the medical abortion.
Leading-Following Challenges to Living Dignity
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: March 2019

There are many moments when the values and beliefs of leaders are “shown” to others, especially as those in formal leadership positions are faced with opportunities and challenges. While guiding others, it is important to be grounded in dignity that places others as priority. Dignity is always present and serves as the basis for the ethos of humanbecoming: shaping the enduring tradition of honoring people and the lives they live.
Coming to Know
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: March 2019

The author in this article explores the humanbecoming paradigm postulate of illimitability as unbounded coming to know. Patterns of constructing knowledge, conversation theory, improvisation pedagogy, children’s literature, the humanbecoming teaching-learning model, and personal teaching-learning experiences of the author are presented to expand awareness of the unbounded knowing of illimitability.
Special Sorrow: Terminally Ill Children’s Experience of Their Parent’s Distress
Authors: Velasco-Whetsell Martha , Baumann Steven L.
Published: March 2019

The authors of this paper explore the distress that terminally ill children experience when they see the suffering their illness and dying is causing their parents. The authors refer to this experience as special sorrow. The conceptual framework that guides this reflection of the terminally ill child’s experience is the Roy adaptation model. The goal of this paper is to explore the concept of special sorrow as lived, so as to help nurses be with such children and their parents in a way that eases sorrow through effective adaptation and transcendence.
Disruptive Norms: Assessing the Impact of Ethnic Minority Immigration on Nonimmigrant Voter Turnout Using a Complex Model
Authors: Loughran Thomas , Fieldhouse Edward , Lessard-Phillips Laurence , Bentley Lee
Published: March 2019

This article explores whether introducing an external group into a population with different characteristics to the existing population may lead to behavioral change. Specifically, we test whether introducing ethnic minority immigrants with varying levels of civic duty (commitment to voting) norms into a previously homogenous nonimmigrant ethnic majority population influences voter turnout among the nonimmigrant majority group. The findings have been produced using a complex agent-based model (“the voter model”) where the parameters and characteristics have been developed through the extensive synthesis of existing findings from real-world social science research on voter turnout. The model adopts the KIDS (“Keep It Descriptive Stupid”) approach to this form of modeling complex systems. The model puts a particular emphasis on exploring the dynamic social aspects that influence turnout by focusing on the role of networks and spatial composition factors such as ethnic diversity and levels of internal and external immigration. It uses an approach based on aggregative neighborhood dynamics to go beyond existing static models of the influence of social norms on voting similar to the classic approach of Schelling. The main findings from this article suggest that, other factors being equal, increased levels of immigration lead to a small but significant increase in turnout among the nonimmigrant population and show that higher levels of civic duty among immigrants lead to higher levels of turnout among nonimmigrants over time. This challenges the popular belief that increased immigration and diversity in a specific community will always lead to lower turnout levels.
Detecting Intentional Self-Harm on Instagram: Development, Testing, and Validation of an Automatic Image-Recognition Algorithm to Discover Cutting-Related Posts
Authors: Scherr Sebastian , Arendt Florian , Frissen Thomas , Oramas M José
Published: March 2019

Self-injurious behavior is often practiced in secrecy or involves body parts that are easy to hide, making early detection difficult and hampering intervention and treatment. However, cutting, one of the most common intentional forms of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), is relatively often shared publicly via new digital media technologies. We explored NSSI on Instagram through a pioneering combination of two computational methods: First, we developed an automatic image-recognition algorithm that uncovered NSSI (or the absence of NSSI) in digital pictures, and second, we employed web-scraping techniques to obtain all pictures posted on Instagram in a given time frame under four NSSI-related hashtags in English and German. The image-recognition algorithm was then used to explore the relative prevalence of NSSI in these N = 13,132 pictures posted within 48 hr on Instagram under #cutting ( n = 4,219), #suicide ( n = 7,910), #selbstmord ( n = 173), and #ritzen ( n = 830) in June 2018. This article not only aims to raise awareness of NSSI on Instagram but also introduces the first automatic image-recognition algorithm that addresses cutting on social media and presents that algorithm’s first empirical test run on a large sample of pictures scraped from Instagram. The ultimate goal of this research is to protect vulnerable populations from contact with NSSI-related pictures posted on social media.
Adaptive back-stepping sliding mode guidance laws with autopilot dynamics and acceleration saturation consideration
Authors: Geng Sheng-Tao , Zhang Jie , Sun Jing-Guang
Published: March 2019

This paper studies the guidance scheme for the terminal guidance problem subject to input constraints, attack angle constraints, and second-order dynamics of missile autopilot. Firstly, the guidance system model with the above multi-constraint model is given. Secondly, an anti-saturation back-stepping guidance law which makes use of the low-pass filter to avoid the differential of the virtual control signals is designed based on the terminal sliding mode method, auxiliary system, and adaptive technique. Finally, Lyapunov theory and numerical simulations are utilized to prove that the states of the system under the proposed guidance law are uniformly ultimately bounded.
Study on vortex shedding mode on the wake of horn/ridge ice contamination under high-Reynolds conditions
Authors: Hu Shufan , Zhang Chen , Liu Hong , Wang Fuxin
Published: March 2019

This paper studied the unsteadiness of vortex motion produced by a three-dimensional wing section with horn/ridge ice contamination. Using improved delayed detached eddy simulation method, multi-scale vortex and their associated flow structures were successfully captured. Results have shown a diversity of unsteadiness scales at different time series, including shear layer instability, vortex pairing, co-rotating and breaking up. Proper orthogonal decomposition was then introduced to extract the characteristic vortex shedding modes with scheduling the eigenvalues λi from large to small. The dominate and secondary proper orthogonal decomposition modes under horn ice condition were displayed, which could be illustrated as fluctuations near recirculation zone, and large-scale vortex shedding/reattaching motion, respectively. The proper orthogonal decomposition modal characteristics for ridge ice showed that vortex scales varied from large to small. The trajectory of large-scale vortex reattaching and co-rotating exist simultaneously with the pressure peak and recover, which also verified the association of proper orthogonal decomposition modes with different scales of vortices. Future works would be presented on demonstration of the complex structures and the dynamic features in such flow.
Aerodynamic evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle with variable sweep and span
Authors: Gong Cheng , Ma Bao-Feng
Published: March 2019

Morphing aircraft can achieve optimum performances at multiple flight conditions through large geometry deformations. However, to obtain the optimum configurations, optimization design studies are required. A study on aerodynamic optimization of a morphing aircraft was conducted to obtain corresponding optimal configurations at various flight speeds. Firstly, an optimization framework being suitable to a morphing aircraft with larger deformations was established by integrating existing codes, in which aerodynamic forces for the optimization are calculated by an Euler-based solver and friction/form drag estimation code. The solver is based on a Cartesian method in which configurations are modeled in terms of components of aircraft, hence large deformations of morphing aircraft can be performed during the optimization. A surrogate-based model was employed for fitting aerodynamic forces, thus reducing computational cost in a global optimization. A generic morphing aircraft with variable sweep and span was investigated at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic conditions through the optimization process. The target of optimization is to obtain maximum lift-to-drag ratios subject to lift, trim, and static stability constrains at each flight condition. The movement of center-of-gravity of the aircraft was also considered in optimization. The results indicate that the center-of-gravity has an important effect on the optimum configurations obtained, and the aerodynamic performance will be enhanced significantly if the center-of-gravity is moved backward at transonic and supersonic cases. In the case of movable center-of-gravity, the optimum sweep angles increase with the increase in flight speeds, and the optimum spans at transonic and supersonic speeds are smaller than the subsonic case.
Analysis of the impact of reduced damping in the suspension on selected vehicle steering characteristics
Authors: Parczewski Krzysztof , Wnęk Henryk
Published: March 2019

The article presents the analysis of the impact of reduced damping in the suspension on the change of selected characteristics of vehicle steering. The most important factors influencing the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle steered are described. To this purpose, experimental tests were carried out on a B-class passenger vehicle for selected road tests. These tests were carried out on a vehicle with nominal and reduced damping in the right front wheel suspension. The effect of changing the position of the centre of mass on the behaviour of the vehicle was also taken into account. Comparisons of vehicle test results with standard suspension and with modifications have been carried out. The influence of reduced damping in the suspension on the change of the vehicle steering characteristics in steady and dynamically changing conditions was analysed. In the conducted considerations, the indicators defining the properties of vehicle steerability and stability were used. The determined indicators allowed assessing the impact of the considered changes in the characteristics of the vehicle suspension on its steering and stability of motion.
Switching filtering method for interactive systems
Authors: Hou Junyi , Yu Lei , Fang Yifan , Fei Shumin
Published: March 2019

Aiming at the problem that the mixed noise interference caused by the mixed projection noise system is not accurate and the real-time performance is poor, this article proposes an adaptive system switching filtering method based on Bayesian estimation switching rules. The method chooses joint bilateral filtering and improved adaptive median filtering as the filtering subsystems and selects the sub-filtering system suitable for the noise by switching rules to achieve the purpose of effectively removing noise. The simulation experiment was carried out by the self-developed human–computer interactive projection image system platform. Through the subjective evaluation, objective evaluation, and running time comparison analysis, a better filtering effect was achieved, and the balance between the filtering precision and the real-time performance of the interactive system was well obtained. Therefore, the proposed method can be widely applied to various human–computer interactive image filtering systems.
Event-triggered fault detection filter design for uncertain stochastic systems with package dropouts
Authors: Ning Zhaoke , Yu Jinyong , Wang Tong
Published: March 2019

In this article, the event-triggered fault detection filter design problem is concerned with uncertain stochastic systems subject to package dropouts. First, a filter structure is constructed to achieve the desired fault detection objective. Second, an integrated model with an event-triggered scheme and a Bernoulli stochastic process are employed to save the limited network resources and describe the package dropouts phenomenon, which always appears in the real network environment. A new sufficient condition is provided to ensure that the obtained residual system is mean square robustly exponentially stable and satisfies the desired detection performance. Then, a novel co-design algorithm is derived to obtain the parameters of filter and event-triggered scheme. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
The Cashless Debit Card and rights of persons with disabilities
Authors: Bielefeld Shelley , Beaupert Fleur
Published: March 2019

The Cashless Debit Card ( CDC) was triggered by a recommendation in the 2014 Forrest Review, ostensibly to address substance abuse and gambling issues. The CDC applies to a broad range of social security payments, defined as ‘trigger’ payments, including a Disability Support Pension ( DSP). This article contends that people with disabilities are likely to encounter a range of specific issues with the CDC, and that the scheme squares poorly with Australia's international human rights obligations to persons with disabilities. We argue that the CDC has pernicious effects in terms of deprivation of autonomy, subjection to stigma and denial of dignity.
Modeling of a magneto-rheological damper: An improved multi-state-dependent parameter estimation approach
Authors: Zamani Abbas-Ali , Tavakoli Saeed , Etedali Sadegh , Sadeghi Jafar
Published: March 2019

A magneto-rheological damper, which is controlled by a magnetic field, is an effective smart damping device in structural control. Because of the complexity of its dynamics, however, the modeling and control of magneto-rheological dampers is still a challenging problem. In this article, an improved multi-state-dependent parameter estimation method is introduced and employed for magneto-rheological damper modeling. To provide a comprehensive training data, a modified Bouc–Wen model is used as the reference model. According to various tests, the proposed multi-state-dependent parameter model can predict the magneto-rheological damper response over a wide range of operating conditions fairly accurately.
Medicare Cost at End of Life
Authors: Duncan Ian , Ahmed Tamim , Dove Henry , Maxwell Terri L.
Published: March 2019

As the Medicare program struggles to control expenditures, there is increased focus on opportunities to manage patient populations more efficiently and at a lower cost. A major source of expense for the Medicare program is beneficiaries at end of life. Estimates of the percentage of Medicare costs that arise from patients in the last year of life differ, ranging from 13% to 25%, depending on methods and assumptions. We analyze the most recently available Medicare Limited Data Set to update prior studies of end-of-life costs and examine different methods of performing this calculation. Based upon these findings, we conclude that higher estimates that take into account the spending over the 12 months leading up to death more accurately reflect the full cost of a patient’s last year of life. Comparing current year costs of decedents with Medicare’s current year costs understates the full budgetary impact of end-of-life patients. Because risk-taking entities such as Medicare Advantage plans and Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) need to reduce costs while improving the quality of care, they should initiate programs to better manage the care of patients with serious or advanced illness. We also calculate costs for beneficiaries dying in different settings and conclude that more effective use of palliative care and hospice benefits offers a lower cost, higher quality alternative for patients at end of life.