bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of sleep and lifestyle factors on the risk for covid-19 infections: internet survey from 10,000 Japanese business workers
Authors: Nakashima Masahiro , Amano Ryota , Nishino Naoya , Osada Yasutaka , Watanabe Yuriko , Miyake Akifumi , Chiba Shintaro , Nishino Seiji
Published: May 2022

We conducted an internet survey to assess sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, sleep hygiene, and comorbidities for sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in COVID-19 and influenza (FLU) infections. Data from 10,323 workers (50.0% male) were analyzed. COVID-19 was diagnosed in 144 subjects (COVID-19+), and 8,693 were classified as not suspected to be infected (COVID-19-). SAS had been diagnosed in 35.4% of the COVID-19+ subjects, but only 231 (2.7%) of the 8,693 COVID-19- subjects. COVID-19+ subjects were more susceptible to FLU (35.4%) compared to COVID-19- subjects (3.0%). A multivariate analysis revealed that higher risks of COVID-19+ were linked to the following factors: going out without a face mask (OR 7.05, 95% CI: 4.53-11.00), FLU+ (OR 6.33, 95% CI: 3.80-10.54), excessive exercise before going to sleep (OR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.63-2.70), SAS+ (OR 5.08, 95% CI: 2.88-8.94), younger age OR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07), tendency for dozing off (OR 3.70, 95% CI: 2.30-5.95), and use of hypnotics (OR 2.28, 95% CI: 1.20-4.30). Since sleep impairment played a relatively small role in COVID-19+/SAS- subjects, we assume that SAS itself was a more significant risk factor for COVID-19 infection rather than sleep impairment. A better understanding of the mechanisms that result in increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in SAS is vital for helping prevent COVID-19.
Sociodemographic profile associated with perinatal depression during the COVID-19 era
Authors: Kovacheva Katina , Rodríguez-Muñoz Maria de la Fe , Gómez-Baya Diego , Domínguez-Salas Sara , Motrico Emma
Published: May 2022

Objective: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused an increase in perinatal depression. The aim of this research was to identify which sociodemographic variables are related to the increase in perinatal depression due to the pandemic. In addition to estimating to what extent they predict perinatal depression, differentiating the prenatal and postnatal period.Methods: The sample consisted of 3,356 subjects, 1,402 in the prenatal period and 1,954 in the postnatal period. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. A subset of 14 questions was included to collect demographic data. Items from the Spanish version of the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences Survey were also included.Results: Experiencing the change of environment due to COVID-19 as negative and having a history of mental health predict perinatal depression, otherwise having higher education decreases the risk. In the prenatal stage having symptoms compatible with COVID-19 is a predictor of perinatal depression and having more than 3 years living together with the partner and being a housewife decreases the risk. In the postnatal stage being unemployed is a predictor of prenatal depression and being a first-time mother decreases the risk.Conclusions: This study highlights the relevance of sociodemographic status. It is essential to be aware of the risk factors of perinatal depression, to make adequate prevention and to create health policies to alleviate the consequences of the pandemic.
Sequential PET/CT and Pathological Biomarker Crosstalk Predict Response to PD-1 Blockers Alone or Combined with Sunitinib in Propensity Score-matched Cohorts of Cancer of Unknown Primary Treatment
Authors: Zeng Jiling , Ma Yifei , Wang Xinjia , Lv Jun , Wu Hao , Hu Ying-ying , Guo Qin Zhi
Published: May 2022

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including toripalimab and pembrolizumab, have not been testified in treatment of cancer of unknown primary, which has a very poor prognosis. Combined with anti-angiogenic therapies, ICIs are hypothesized to be effective in prolonging overall survival. The study aims to give evidence on the treatment effects of sunitinib combined with ICIs, find pathological biomarkers associated with changes in volumetric PET/CT parameters, and interrogate inner associations among these markers associated with response on PET/CT.MethodsThe study recruited patients receiving combined treatment (ICIs + sunitinib) and compare the effects with separate treatment and with age-matched negative controls, analyzed in propensity score-matched (PSM) pairs. Markers associated with survival were identified and their inner associations were tested with structural equation modeling.ResultsA total of 292 patients were enlisted in the final analysis with 53 patients receiving combined treatment. Survival analysis demonstrated significantly prolonged survival in either combined or separate treatment, with the combined arm showing better response when PSM-paired by pre-treatment whole-body PET/CT parameters. Angiogenic marker KDR and VEGF mediates the PD-1 blockade impact on volumetric value changes, in positive and negative manners, respectively.ConclusionAnti-angiogenic agents sunitinib may potentiate PD-1 blockade by diminishing angiogenesis or its downstream effects. The combined separate treatment increased survival of CUP patients and the responses could be evaluated by volumetric PET/CT parameters.
Continuous estimates of heat emission at Mt. Ruapehu using the Unscented Kalman Smoother
Authors: Behr Yannik , Sherburn Steve , Hurst Tony
Published: May 2022

Volcanic lakes often capture a significant amount of volcanic heat emission and thus provide a unique opportunity to monitor changes inside the volcano. We present a Bayesian inversion method to automatically infer volcanic heat emission at the base of a volcanic lake from lake monitoring data using a non-linear Kalman Smoother. Our method accounts for the, sometimes large, uncertainties in observations and the underlying physics-based model to generate probabilistic estimates of heat emission. We verify our results using a synthetic test case and then estimate the daily heat input rate into Mt. Ruapehu’s Crater Lake, New Zealand, between 2016 and 2022. Time-frequency analysis of the heat input rate shows dominant periods of heating cycles ranged between 100-250 days. The period between 2017 and 2020 was dominated by shorter cycles and greater-than-average heat input rate which points to changes in the magmatic heat supply and the hydrothermal system during this time.
Investigating the white matter tract pattern in ADHD compared to healthy controls
Authors: Valizadeh Parya , Jannatdoust Payam , Anvarnia Yasaman , Rahnama Yassin , Shafie Mahan , Sadeghi Mohammad , Pezeshki Parmida , Aarabi Mohammad Hadi , Mayeli Mahsa
Published: May 2022

Objective : Previous Diffusion Tensor imaging (DTI) studies have revealed microstructural alterations in white matter (WM) tracts among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although ADHD can persist into adulthood in more than half of the diagnosed children, few studies have investigated the WM tracts in adults with ADHD. In this study, the emphasis is placed on the adult population with regard to WM abnormalities.
Method : Using the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics (CNP) dataset, we compared the microstructural indices of tracts of interest between ADHD subjects and healthy controls.
Results: In the ADHD group, both fractional anisotropy (FA) and generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) were lower than the control group in Right Cingulum Rarolfactory, Corpus Callosum (CC) Forceps Major, and Right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus1 (SLF1). Diffusivity indices, including mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD), were increased in widespread WM tracts. However, only RD and FA in CC Forceps Major remained significantly different between two groups after correction for multiple analysis. Interestingly, our analysis found increased NQA in all tracts of interest, except for the left fornix.
Conclusion : This study revealed several WM abnormalities in certain tracts of the limbic system, SLF1 and, most noticeably, CC in adults with ADHD. These findings, along with the finding of altered NQA, suggest the need for further study to determine the neurophysiological basis of the disease.
Rivers as witnesses of Titan's latitudinal climate variability
Authors: Daudon Chloe , Rodriguez Sébastien , Devauchelle Olivier , Lajeunesse Eric , Lucas Antoine , Jacquemoud Stéphane
Published: May 2022

Titan's rich and dense atmosphere, composed mainly of methane and nitrogen, maintains a methane cycle that shapes its surface, like the water cycle on Earth. Methane precipitations erodes Titan's surface and forms complex river networks observed at all latitudes by the Cassini-Huygens mission. However, precipitation rates are poorly constrained and, in the absence of in situ measurements, understanding Titan’s global climate and meteorology is done primarily through climate models. Here, we apply a physics-based theory of river morphogenesis to provide new constraints on methane precipitation rates. In particular, we estimate the river discharges and precipitation rates required to shape two methane rivers located at the equator and south pole, which incise the surface of Titan. Our results show that the use of river morphology is relevant for inferring methane precipitation rates at various latitudes. Our estimates reduce the uncertainties from the climate models. In addition, our results reflect the climate variability between the equator and the south pole. Finally, this work sheds the light to unknown river on Earth: the giant gravel-bed rivers.
An observational study of temporomandibular joints in adults with definite sleep bruxism on magnetic resonance imaging and cone beam computer tomography images
Authors: Zhang Juan , Yu Wenjuan , Wang Jianghong , Wang Sijia , Li Yifan , Jing Huimin , Li Zekui , Li Xin , Liang Meng , Wang Yonglan
Published: May 2022

BackgroudThe aim was to comprehensively study the imaging characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) soft and hard tissues of definite sleep bruxers through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT).Methods19 definite sleep bruxers diagnosed by Polysomnography (the study group) and 20 asymptomatic non-bruxers (the control group) matched with age, gender, Body Mass Index, and education level participated in this study. After obtaining MRI and CBCT images of all TMJs of the subjects, evaluation and measurement were conducted according to the unified standard respectively. The analyzed parameters included disk position, disc configuration, joint effusion (JE), joint space or condyle position, and condylar bony changes.ResultsOf the 38 joints in the study group, disc deformity and disc displacement of TMJs were both 57.9% when mouth closed, 39.5% and 34.2% showed banded and linear effusion respectively, and 76.3% showed condylar bony changes. While when mouth opened, 82% of all TMJs showed physiological biconcave discs. Comparison of joint space between the two groups revealed that the anterior space was larger in the study group, and 65.8% of condyles were located in the posterior. However, there was no significant difference between the mild and the moderate to severe sleep bruxism subgroups in the changes of TMJ soft and hard tissues (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that a higher prevalence of disc deformity, disc displacement, JE and condylar bony changes occurred in temporomandibular joints of sleep bruxers. Nevertheless, these changes were not related to the severe of sleep bruxism.
Improving crop-livestock integration in China using numerical experiments at two scales
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Yiwen , Yang Nian , Zhu Kaihang , Yan Xiaoman , Bai Zhaohai , Zhai Limei , Shen Zhenyao
Published: May 2022

Balancing water quality and food production is a global challenge due to complex nutrient cycle and previous soil accumulation. This study investigated crop-livestock integration from watershed perspective, while agricultural and environmental benefits of fertilizer and manure management were quantified through two numerical experiments. The optimal ratio of replacing chemical fertilizer with manure was found and the spatial configuration of crop-livestock integration at large scale was suggested. Results showed that the period of basic fertilizer was more beneficial to crop yield and the effects of replacing chemical fertilizer with manure on water quality was more prominent. Numerical simulation showed that specific threshold existed to balance water quality protection and agricultural production. Then, by extending the threshold to regional scale, spatially explicit crop-livestock integration was given. This study balances the relationship between agriculture and environment, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of crop-livestock integration.
Transient evolution of the b-value as a risk indicator for induced seismicity
Authors: Ritz Vanille , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Wiemer Stefan
Published: May 2022

Induced earthquakes pose a substantial challenge to many geo-energy applications, and in particular to Enhance Geothermal Systems (EGS). We demonstrate that the key factor controlling the seismic hazard is the relative size distribution of earthquakes, the b-value, because it is closely coupled to the stress conditions in the underground. By comparing high resolution observations from an EGS project in Basel with a loosely coupled hydro-mechanical-stochastic model, we establish a highly systematic behaviour of the b-value and resulting hazard through the injection cycle. This time evolution is controlled not only by the specific site conditions and the proximity of nearby faults but also by the injection strategy followed. Our results open up new approaches to assess and mitigate seismic hazard and risk through careful site selection and adequate injection strategy, coupled to real-time monitoring and modelling during reservoir stimulation.
A secure and efficient multi-domain data sharing model on consortium chain
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Huo Xiaotong , Bao Zhenshan
Published: May 2022

In a large-scale networking scenario with massive distribution of devices, data is independently generated and maintained by multiple domains. In order to solve the problem of isolated data island in multi-domain, this paper designs a multi-domain data sharing model based on consortium chain. Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and the less consideration of intra-domain consensus processes in traditional data sharing schemes, this paper optimizes the security and efficiency of data sharing from two parts: inter-domain chain and intra-domain chain. In order to ensure the fine-grained, dynamic and secure access strategy in inter-domain chain, this model combines the attribute-based access control model (ABAC) with smart contract, and a permission grading mechanism is designed to solve the problem of low retrieval efficiency in this access control model through reducing the retrieval range by grading and matching Policy set. In view of the problem of high delay of node consensus in the large-scale networking environment of intra-domain chain, a Layered Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance optimization (LPBFT) algorithm with introducing a reputation model is designed, which greatly improves the efficiency and security of the intra-domain consensus. The consortium chain model is designed and implemented from the perspectives of inter-domain and intra-domain, which optimized the security and efficiency of the multi-domain data sharing model. Finally, this paper implements a prototype system with the Hyperledger Fabric platform, and verifies the validity of this model from the access control within the inter-domain and the consensus algorithm within the intra-domain separately.
Control of human cytomegalovirus replication by liver resident natural killer cells
Authors: Forrest Calum , Chase Thomas , Cuff Antonia , Motallebzadeh Reza , Gander Amir , Davidson Brian , Griffiths Paul , Male Victoria , Reeves Matthew
Published: May 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that have been suggested important for control of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) – an important pathogen in immune suppressed transplant patients. In HCMV seropositive individuals a population of NK cells with adaptive features can expand in peripheral blood and has been shown to have enhanced antiviral function. This is particularly evident following solid organ transplant (SOT) where patients frequently experience episodes of HCMV viremia. In contrast, much less is understood about the identity and function of tissue-resident immune cells in the context of HCMV infection and pathogenesis. In this study, access to tissue-resident immune cells from human organs destined for transplant has enabled us to address this, for the first time.
Here we show that human liver-resident (lrNK), like circulating NK (cNK) cells, express increased adaptive markers in HCMV+ individuals. Interestingly, lrNK demonstrated better control of HCMV replication in vitro when compared to cNK cells isolated from the same donor. Furthermore, this control phenotype was elevated if the cells were isolated from HCMV seropositive donors. Crucially, because these studies were performed on perfusates from livers destined for transplantation we could correlate a donor’s lrNK ability to control HCMV in vitro with a reduction in HCMV viraemia in liver transplant recipients in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that a population of CD2+ NK cells are enriched in patients who did not develop viraemia post-transplant and that loss of control in vitro occurs when CD2 NK cells are depleted or inhibited with anti-CD2 antibodies.
Therefore, lrNK have anti-viral activity that could be important for control of HCMV replication in tissue and contribute to better clinical outcomes following organ transplant. Understanding the importance of CD2 expressing populations could have implications for the development of novel therapies aimed at mobilising specific NK cell functions against infections and/or decreasing the ability of HCMV to evade NK responses.
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid induces liver lipid accumulation through AMPK/ACC signaling
Authors: Ling Junyi , Hua Lu , Qin Yi , Gu Tianye , jiang shengyang , Zhao Jianya
Published: May 2022

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a hepatotoxic environmental organic pollutant that can cause aberrant lipid accumulation in the liver. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PFOS-induced hepatic steatosis remains unclear. Our research shows that low-dose PFOS exposure can inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, leading to increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity and attenuated fatty acid β-oxidation, and consequent liver lipid accumulation. We found that 1 mg/kg/day PFOS exposure significantly aggravated steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, along with reduced AMPK activity. Oil Red O results showed that PFOS exposure caused fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. As predicted, PFOS treatment reduced the level of phosphorylated AMPK in a concentration-dependent manner, leading to subsequent increase in ACC activity and lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells. Treatment with 200 μM AMPK agonist AICAR alleviated PFOS-induced ACC activation and lipid accumulation. In summary, our data highlights a crucial role of AMPK/ACC pathway in PFOS-mediated liver lipid metabolism disorders.
Dirac cone spectroscopy of strongly correlated phases in twisted trilayer graphene
Authors: Shen Cheng , Ledwith Patrick J. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Khalaf Eslam , Vishwanath Ashvin , Efetov Dmitri
Published: May 2022

Mirror-symmetric magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (MATTG) hosts flat electronic bands close to zero energy, and has been recently shown to exhibit abundant correlated quantum phases with flexible electrical tunability.1–3 However studying these phases proved challenging as these are obscured by intertwined Dirac bands. In this work, we demonstrate a novel spectroscopy technique, that allows to quantify the energy gaps and Chern numbers of the correlated states in MATTG by driving band crossings between Dirac cone Landau levels and the energy gaps in the flat bands. We uncover hard correlated gaps with Chern numbers of C = 0 at integer moiré unit cell fillings of ν = 2 and 3 and reveal novel charge density wave states originating from van Hove singularities at fractional fillings of ν = 5/3 and 11/3. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of displacement field driven first-order phase transitions at charge neutrality and half fillings of the moiré unit cell ν = ± 2, which is consistent with a theoretical strong-coupling analysis, implying the breaking of the C2T symmetry. Overall these properties establish the diverse and electrically tunable phase diagram of MATTG and provide an avenue for investigating electronic quantum phases and strong correlations in multiple-band moiré systems.
Nutritional quality of Citrus clementina leaves affects infestation distribution of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera; Gracillariidae)
Authors: Mohammed Bouzouina , KOUADRIA Rabiaa , Mahiout Djamel , BERKANI Abdellah , LOTMANI Brahim
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to highlight the Citrus clementina nutritional quality leaves significance on infestations distribution of the citrus leaf-miner Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera; Gracillariidae). For each plant phenological cycle, infestation rates of P. citrella, carbon, nitrogen and phenolic compounds (CPT) were determined from collected leaves. The findings of P. citrella infestations show saved spring shoots, severely attacked autumn and summer leaves, and progressive infestations on additional leaves. Also, results revealed lower content of carbon in spring leaves as compared to additional, summer and autumn ones. In contrary, nitrogen was found to be higher in spring leaves. Summer and spring leaves contain, relatively, significant levels of total phenolic compounds. C/N balances seem to be substantial in summer, followed by additional and then spring and autumn leaves. Separately, infestations are negatively correlated with C and N accumulations, and positively with CPT and C/N. These ingredients are the main components of plant sap used by phytophagous sucking bugs. Herein, P. citrella infestation depends on the balance between nutritional (C and N) and deterrent (CPT) components. Effectively, as compared to the first cycle, P. citrella activates when the sap has nutrient-rich levels (especially carbon) and suitable C/N balance, despite the high level of diluted phenolic compounds in the mixture (SmS and AuS). This is clearly observed on additional shoots; less deterrents and abundance of nutritional nutrients. Remove additional shoots, as soon as they appear, can be a promising strategy of control, and obviously reduce P. citrella adults spread on summer shoots.
Construction of competing endogenous RNA network of long non-coding RNA with microRNA and mRNA in middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Chu Furui , Fei Changyi , Wang Ni , Pan Lingyu , Wang Yongzhong , Fang Ling , Peng Daiyin , Duan Xianchun , Chen Weidong
Published: May 2022

In our previous studies, we have identified that a series of message RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to stroke. However, the network of RNA regulation with stroke remains well-known enough. This study explored the regulatory mechanism and function of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in stroke. According to the competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA) hypothesis, a group of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNAs were found, which revealed the interaction between lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA and stroke. Several important lncRNAs were selected for in-depth analysis including sub-ceRNA-network, GO enrichment analyis, and pathway enrichment analysis. Importantly, the candidate lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs are contributed to the ceRNA network, which can be used as potential therapeutic targets for stroke for further research.
Speckle-tracking echocardiography for predicting improvement of myocardial contractile function after revascularization. A meta- analysis of prospective trials
Authors: Ballo Haitham , Doghman Fatma , Hartikainen Juha , Saraste Antti , Knuuti Juhani
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Some studies have indicated that the use of 2D-Speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) aids in predicting recovery of myocardial contractile function after revascularization in patients with chronic ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction or acute myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 2DSTE strain in the detection of myocardial viability at rest and during low-dose dobutamine (LDD) stress. Methods: A systematic review for all prospective trials using 2DSTE to assess myocardial viability until January 2019 was done. Using a standard approach of meta-analysis for diagnostic tests. Results: Overall, 9 studies including 525 patients with either chronic ischemic heart disease or acute MI fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Seven studies used longitudinal strain (LS) at rest, 9 studies used circumferential strain (CS) at rest, 4 studies used LS during LDD stress, and 4 studies used CS during LDD stress. LS and CS during LDD stress showed equally high sensitivity (81.5% and 81.5% respectively) and specificity (81.3% and 81.4% respectively) for detecting reversible dysfunction. At rest, LS and CS showed equally lower sensitivity (67.1%, p<0.0001 vs. LDD stress and 68.7%, p<0.0001, vs. LDD stress, respectively) and specificity (64%, p<0.0001 vs. LDD stress and 65.7%, p=0.0008 vs. LDD stress, respectively) as compared with LDD stress. Conclusions: LS and CS by 2DSTE during LDD stress accurately identify reversible ischemic myocardial dysfunction in patients with chronic ischemic LV dysfunction or after MI. The use of LDD stress can be recommended over resting strain measures in this setting.
Enhanced Polarization and abnormal flexural deformation in bent freestanding perovskite oxides
Authors: Cai Songhua , Lun Yingzhuo , Ji Dianxiang , Lv Peng , Han Lu , Guo Changqing , Zang Yipeng , Gao Si , Wei Yifan , Gu Min , Zhang Chunchen , Gu Zhenbin , Wang Xueyun , Addiego Christopher , Fang Daining , Nie Yuefeng , Hong Jiawang , Wang Peng , Pan Xiaoqing
Published: May 2022

Recent realizations of ultrathin freestanding perovskite oxides offer a unique platform to probe novel properties in two-dimensional oxides. Here, we observed a giant flexoelectric response in freestanding BiFeO3 and SrTiO3 in their bent state arising from strain gradients up to 3.5×107 m−1, suggesting a promising approach for realizing extremely large polarizations. Additionally, a substantial change in membrane thickness was discovered in bent freestanding BiFeO3, which implies an unusual bending-expansion/shrinkage effect in ferroelectric membrane that has never been seen before in crystalline materials. Our theoretical model reveals that this unprecedented flexural deformation within the membrane is attributable to a flexoelectricity–piezoelectricity interplay. The finding unveils intriguing nanoscale electromechanical properties and provides guidance for their practical applications in flexible nanoelectromechanical systems.
Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 in malaria exposure and pregnancy
Authors: Mancebo Cristina , Vidal Marta , Aguilar Ruth , Barrios Diana , Bardají Azucena , Ome-Kaius Maria , Menéndez Clara , Rogerson Stephen J. , Dobaño Carlota , Moncunill Gemma , Requena Pilar
Published: May 2022

Background: Eotaxin-1 concentration in plasma has been inversely associated with malaria exposure, malaria infection and pregnancy, but the effect of these conditions on the levels of the related chemokines eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 remains unknown. Methods: Eotaxin-2 and -3 concentrations were measured in 319 peripheral or placental plasma samples from pregnant and non-pregnant individuals from Papua New Guinea (malaria-endemic country) and Spain (malaria-naïve individuals) with previous data on eotaxin-1 concentration. Correlations between eotaxin concentrations were examined with the Spearman’s test. Differences in eotaxin concentrations among groups were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann Whitney tests. The pairwise Wilcoxon test was performed to compare eotaxin-2 concentration between peripheral and placental matched plasmas. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were estimated to assess the association between eotaxins and Plasmodium infection or gestational age. Results: Eotaxin-2 concentration in plasma showed a weak positive correlation with eotaxin-1 (rho =0.25, p < 0.05) and eotaxin-3 (rho= 0.35, p < 0.05) concentrations. Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 plasma concentrations were lower in malaria-exposed than in non-exposed groups (p <0.05), but no differences were found associated to pregnancy. Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 plasma concentrations were negatively correlated with anti-Plasmodium IgG levels: PfDBL5ε-IgG (rhoEo2 = - 0.28 p= 0.038, rhoEo3 = - 0.37 p= 0.011), and eotaxin-3 was negatively correlated with PfDBL3x-IgG levels (rhoEo3 = - 0.36 p= 0.011). Negative correlations of eotaxin-2 and 3 in plasma were also observed with atypical memory B cells (rhoEo2= -0.37 p<0.001 and rhoEo3= -0.28 p = 0.006), a B cell subset expanded in malaria-exposed individuals. In addition, a borderline negative association was observed between eotaxin-3 concentration and Plasmodium infection (β= -0.283, 95% CI: -0.601; 0.035, p = 0.079). Moreover, eotaxin-2 placental concentrations were significantly increased compared to peripheral concentrations in the malaria-exposed pregnant group whereas the contrary was observed in the non-exposed pregnant group (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Although a clear epidemiological negative association is observed between eotaxins concentrations and malaria exposure and/or infection, further research is required to understand the role of these chemokines in this disease and in combination with pregnancy.
Factors affecting compliance on the usage of face masks by street vendors during COVID- 19 pandemic in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Olowoyo Mary Motolani , Ramaila Sam , Mavuru Lydia
Published: May 2022

Background:The COVID 19 pandemic has been a major concern all over the world and in a bid to limit and control the spread, several mechanisms were introduced including the usage of mask in serving as a barrier. The present study was set out to investigate factors affecting compliance to the usage of face mask among street vendors in Pretoria, South Africa. Methods:The study was carried out in the Northern and Central parts of the city. The study adopted a mixed method approach as part of an exploratory descriptive survey design and involved 257 purposively selected street vendors selling their goods along major streets of Pretoria. The study was underpinned by knowledge-attitude-behaviour theory as the underlying theoretical framework. Results:Key findings demonstrated that age and gender played a significant role in participants’ adherence to the usage of face masks. A major factor contributing to the non-adherence on the usage of the mask was the eagerness to continue participating in their businesses so that they could generate income for the provision and sustenance of their family needs. Some of the respondents (28%) believed that COVID 19 was a myth. While the media appeared to have played a major role in promoting awareness of COVID 19, the awareness did not translate into adherence to the usage of face masks on the part of some of the participants. Conclusion:The participants bemoaned breathing problems, discomfort, itchiness and sores as challenges associated with the usage of face masks. Non-adherence to the usage of face masks underscores the need for South African Government to assist in the provision of free face masks with a view to curbing the spread of COVID 19.
SHP-2 specific deletion in macrophages accelerates pathological cardiac hypertrophy through promoting IRE1α-XBP1s pathway regulated by IL-6 secretion
Authors: Yang Deshuang , Wang Sixuan , Liao Jiangquan , Wang Yan , Xiao Xiang , Li Lin , Liu Yi , Gu Huan , Yang Peng , Fu Dongliang , Du Jinhang , Li Xianlun , Shao Mingjing
Published: May 2022

SHP-2 is a pervasively Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and its specific deletion in macrophages can promote the IL-6 secretion in the pathophysiological process of cardiac hypertrophy. To elucidate the mechanism, AngII infused Lyz-2-Cre/SHP-2flox/flox mice and SHP-2 MφCKO wild-type (SHP-2+/+) mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Echocardiographic scans showed that left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular systolic volume were significantly increased in SHP-2flox/flox group, implying that TAC-induced SHP-2flox/flox can induce LV hypertrophy and damage cardiac function. In addition, IHC analysis and Western blotting demonstrated that SHP-2flox/flox obviously elevated the expression of α-SMA, collagen, circulating macrophage numbers and positive areas and expression level of IL-6 in vitro. Moreover, SHP-2flox/flox positively regulated IRE1α-XBP-1 activation, whereas the expression levels of NF-κB did not differ between SHP-2flox/flox and SHP-2+/+ mice. It was also confirmed that the increased expression levels of IL-6, p-IRE1α, and XBP1s in SHP-2flox/flox mice were markedly reversed by 3,6-DMAD hydrochloride (an inhibitor of the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway). These results demonstrated that SHP-2flox/flox promotes IL-6 secretion via the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway rather than NF-κB signaling pathway in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
Characterization of Quantum Dots with Hyperspectral Fluorescence Microscopy for Multiplexed Optical Imaging of Biomolecules
Authors: Zhang Shuyan , Cheng Joseph Yong Xin , Chua Jian Jun , Olivo Malini
Published: May 2022

The optical properties of quantum dots were extensively characterized using a hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy system. The system provides a single excitation source in the ultraviolet and 311 emission spectral channels in the visible. This allows the detection of multiple fluorophores (e.g. different quantum dots) with a high spectral resolution in one go which is not achievable with a conventional fluorescence microscope where different filter sets have to be used. A spectral library was established based on the spectral profiles of six types of quantum dots. Notably, a slight spectral shift was observed for all samples while the sample was drying. Subsequently, two quantum dot mixture samples were studied. Using the spectral unmixing approach, the relative proportions of each quantum dot within a homogeneous mixture and the spatial distribution of each quantum dot within a heterogeneous mixture were calculated. The calculated values match well with the theoretical predictions. Hence, the analysis method presented here can be used for simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores using hyperspectral imaging technology. The results provide valuable information for the realization of real-time multi-channel in vivo fluorescent imaging of biomolecules
Estimation of the visual contribution to standing balance using virtual reality
Authors: Assländer Lorenz , Albrecht Matthias , Diehl Moritz , Missen Kyle J. , Carpenter Mark G. , Streuber Stephan
Published: May 2022

Sensory perturbations are a valuable tool to assess sensory integration mechanisms underlying balance. Implemented as systems-identification approaches, they can be used to quantitatively assess balance deficits and separate underlying causes. However, the experiments require controlled perturbations and sophisticated modeling and optimization techniques. Here we propose and validate a virtual reality implementation of moving visual scene experiments together with model-based interpretations of the results. The approach simplifies the experimental implementation and offers a platform to implement standardized analysis routines. Sway of fourteen healthy young subjects wearing a virtual reality head-mounted display was measured. Subjects viewed a virtual room or a screen inside the room, which were both moved during a series of sinusoidal or pseudo-random room or screen tilt sequences recorded on two days. In a between-subject comparison of 10x6 min long pseudo-random sequences, each applied at 5 amplitudes, our results showed no difference to a real-world moving screen experiment from the literature. We used the independent-channel model to interpret our data, which provides a direct estimate of the visual contribution to balance, together with parameters characterizing the dynamics of the feedback system. Reliability estimates of single subject parameters from six repetitions of a 6x20-s pseudo-random sequence showed strong to excellent test-retest agreement of all estimated parameters within the three repetitions of the second day and within the last of the three measurements between the days (Intraclass correlation; ICC >0.9). ICCs including the first two stimulus repetitions were consistently smaller for all parameters but the visual contribution and the feedback time delay. Sway responses strongly depended on the visual scene, where the high-contrast, abstract screen evoked larger sway as compared to the photo-realistic room. In conclusion, our proposed virtual reality approach allows researchers to reliably assess balance control dynamics including the visual contribution to balance with minimal implementation effort.
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia: population-based study of epidemiology and outcome with ATRA and oral-ATO from 1991-2021
Authors: Gill Harinder , Ragupathy Radha , Lee Carmen Y.Y. , Yung Yammy , Chu Hiu-Tung , Ni Michael , Xiao Xiao , Flores Francis P , Yim Rita , Lee Paul , Chin Lynn , Li Vivian W.K. , Au Lester , Au Wing-Yan , Ma Edmond S.K. , Mohan Diwakar , Kumana Cyrus R , Kwong Yok-Lam
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe epidemiology and treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) are changing. We have incorporated oral arsenic trioxide (oral-ATO) into induction/maintenance.MethodsNewly-diagnosed APL from 1991 to 2021 divided into three 10-year periods were studied to define its epidemiology and how oral-ATO impacted on its outcome. Primary endpoints included APL incidence, early deaths (ED, first 30 days), and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included post-30-day OS, relapse-free survival (RFS), and incidence of second cancers.ResultsAPL occurred in 374 males and 387 females at a median age of 44 (1–97) years. Annual incidences increased progressively, averaging 0.32 per 100,000 people. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based and oral-ATO-based regimens were used in 469 and 282 patients. There were 144 EDs, occurring almost exclusively in ATRA-based inductions (N = 139), being more with males, age > 50 years, leucocyte > 10 x 109/L, diagnosis during 1991–2009 and fewer with oral-ATO-based regimens. After a median of 75 (interquartile range: 14–161) months, 5-year and 10-year OS were 68.1% and 63.3%, inferior with males, age > 50 years, leucocyte > 10 x 109/L, high-risk Sanz score and superior with oral-ATO-based regimens. Factoring out EDs, 5-year and 10-year post-30-day OS were 84.0% and 78.1%, inferior with males and superior with oral-ATO-based regimens. In 607 CR1 patients, the 5-year RFS was 83.8%, superior with diagnosis in 2010–2021 and oral-ATO-based regimens. Second cancers developed in 21 patients, unrelated to oral-ATO-based regimens.This study formed part of the Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Asian Consortium Project (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04251754).
The Determinants of Risk Weighted Assets in Europe
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Costantiello Alberto , Laureti Lucio , Matarrese Marco
Published: May 2022

We have estimated the level of Risk Weighted Assets among 30 countries in Europe, in 30 trimesters, using data of the European Banking Authority-EBA of 139 variables. We perform an econometric model using Pooled OLS, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Weighted Least Squares. We found that Risk Weighted Assets is negatively associated, among others, to the level of NFC loans in mining and quarrying, in public administration and defence, and in financial and insurance activities and positively associated, among others to distribution of NFC loans in human health services and social work activities, in education and the level of net fee and commission income. Furthermore, we apply a cluster analysis with the k-Means algorithm, and we find the presence of two clusters. A comparison was then made between eight different machine learning algorithms for predicting the value of the RWAs and we found that the best predictor is the linear regression. The RWA value is predicted to increase by 1.5%.
Regulating bimetallic active centers for exploring the structure-activity relationship upon high-performance photocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Pan Guoliang , Han Dongfang , Liu Tianren , Liang Weiqi , Han Dongxue , Dai Mengjiao , Xie Haijiao , Qin Dongdong , Niu Li
Published: May 2022

Photocatalytic ammonia (NH3) synthesis from N2 is a strategy conducive to carbon neutrality because it avoids high energy consumption and high carbon emission process in the industrial synthesis of NH3. However, the structure-activity relationship of bimetallic active centers in heterogeneous catalysts is still dimness for high-performance photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (pNRR). Here, a rational N2-bridging strategy for heterogeneously pNRR has been expanded through regulating bimetallic Ti-Pd active centers at TiO2 (101)/Pd (111) interface and the structure-activity correlation during the pNRR was explored. The side-on adsorption with “*N ≡ N*” configuration (*presents the adsorption site) on Ti-Pd centers induces a considerable polarization and potent activation of N2, enabling to achieve an impressive rate of NH3 production (635.73 µg gcat.−1 h− 1) on the optimal se-Pd/m-TiO2 NRs (2.71%). More importantly, nearly ~ 92.37% of initial activity could be retained following 8 successive reaction rounds. Further mechanism studies revealed that the side-on bridging mode of N2 with bimetallic Ti-Pd centers possesses an ultra-high adsorption energy, which can effectively weaken the triple bond of N2 and reduce the activation energy barrier of pNRR process. This study provides insights into the electronic structure regulation of bimetallic active centers and structure-property relationship at the atomic level.
Increased lactate dehydrogenase reflects the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest computed tomography and predicts subsequent severe disease
Authors: Kojima Kensuke , Yoon Hyungeun , Okishio Kyoichi , Tsuyuguchi Kazunari
Published: May 2022

Chest computed tomography (CT) is effective for assessing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical factors reflecting the disease progression of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT and predicting a subsequent exacerbation remain controversial. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 450 COVID-19 patients. We used an automated image processing tool to quantify the COVID-19 pneumonia lesion extent on chest CT at admission. The factors associated with the lesion extent were estimated by a multiple regression analysis. After adjusting for background factors by propensity score matching, we conducted a multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis to identify factors associated with severe disease after admission. The multiple regression analysis identified sex, body-mass index (BMI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin as factors associated with the lesion extent on chest CT. The standardized partial regression coefficients for them were 1.76, 2.42, 1.54, and 0.71, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis identified LDH (hazard ratio, 1.003; 95% confidence interval, 1.001–1.005) as a factor independently associated with an exacerbation of COVID-19 pneumonia. Increased serum LDH at admission may be useful in real-world clinical practice for the simple screening of COVID-19 patients at high risk of developing subsequent severe disease.
Temperature-resilient anapole modes associated with TE polarization in semiconductor nanowires *
Authors: Thakore Vaibhav , Ala-Nissila Tapio , Karttunen Mikko
Published: May 2022

Polarization-dependent scattering anisotropy of cylindrical nanowires has numerous potential applications in, for example, nanoantennas, photothermal therapy, thermophotovoltaics, catalysis, sensing, optical filters and switches. In all these applications, temperature-dependent material properties play an important role and often adversely impact performance depending on the dominance of either radiative or dissipative damping. Here, we employ numerical modeling based on Mie scattering theory to investigate and compare the temperature and polarization-dependent optical anisotropy of metallic (gold, Au) nanowires with indirect (silicon, Si) and direct (gallium arsenide, GaAs) bandgap semiconducting nanowires. Results indicate that plasmonic scattering resonances in semiconductors, within the absorption band, deteriorate with an increase in temperature whereas those occurring away from the absorption band strengthen as a result of the increase in phononic contribution. Indirect-bandgap thin (20 nm) Si nanowires present low absorption efficiencies for both the transverse electric (TE, E ⊥) and magnetic (TM, E ∥) modes, and high scattering efficiencies for the TM mode at shorter wavelengths making them suitable as highly efficient scatterers. Temperature-resilient higher-order anapole modes with their characteristic high absorption and low scattering efficiencies are also observed in the semiconductor nanowires (r = 125−130 nm) for the TE polarization. Herein, the GaAs nanowires present 3−7 times greater absorption efficiencies compared to the Si nanowires making them especially suitable for temperature-resilient applications such as scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), localized heating, non-invasive sensing or detection that require strong localization of energy in the near field.
FOUR score versus GCS in patients with traumatic brain injury in the prehospital setting
Authors: Furman Matej Rubelli , Gorenjak Mario , Ravnik Janez
Published: May 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare two coma scales, the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) and the FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score). Design: We performed a prospective observational cohort study over a one-and-a-half-year period. Statistical methods were used, and results of data analysis presented. Setting: The study was conducted in a prehospital setting. Patients: We included 200 adults with traumatic brain injury. Interventions: We evaluated the GCS and FOUR scores at three different prehospital time points, and we reassessed the scores in surviving patients 24 hours, one month and three months after the injury. Main outcome measures: We aiming to examine which scale is better for predicting mortality outcome in traumatic brain injury patients.Main result: We introduced and compared different models for the prediction of morality outcome 24 hours after the injury and re-evaluated the predictive ability of the models one and three months after the injury.The results of our work reveal that FOUR score perform almost identically to GCS in terms of predictive outcome morality.Conclusions: Despite some promising model scores, the result of our research has shown no statistically significant difference in terms of the correct prediction of mortality outcome between the GCS and FOUR scores 24 hours, one month, and three months after brain injury.