bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Nonthermal Radio Filament Connected to the Galactic Black Hole?
Authors: Morris Mark R. , Zhao Jun-Hui , Goss W. M.
Published: November 2017

Using the Very Large Array, we have investigated a nonthermal radio filament (NTF) recently found very near the Galactic black hole and its radio counterpart, Sgr A*. While this NTF—the Sgr A West Filament (SgrAWF)—shares many characteristics with the population of NTFs occupying the central few hundred parsecs of the Galaxy, the SgrAWF has the distinction of having an orientation and sky location that suggest an intimate physical connection to Sgr A*. We present 3.3 and 5.5 cm images constructed using an innovative methodology that yields a very high dynamic range, providing an unprecedentedly clear picture of the SgrAWF. While the physical association of the SgrAWF with Sgr A* is not unambiguous, the images decidedly evoke this interesting possibility. Assuming that the SgrAWF bears a physical relationship to Sgr A*, we examine the potential implications. One is that Sgr A* is a source of relativistic particles constrained to diffuse along ordered local field lines. The relativistic particles could also be fed into the local field by a collimated outflow from Sgr A*, perhaps driven by the Poynting flux accompanying the black hole spin in the presence of a magnetic field threading the event horizon. Second, we consider the possibility that the SgrAWF is the manifestation of a low-mass-density cosmic string that has become anchored to the black hole. The simplest form of these hypotheses would predict that the filament be bi-directional, whereas the SgrAWF is only seen on one side of Sgr A*, perhaps because of the dynamics of the local medium.
Risk Factors for Early Preterm Birth at King Salman Armed Force Hospital in 2010
Authors: Ali Alansi Badriah , Mukhtar Hytham Bahaeldin , Alazizi Maher Ahmad , Zuiran Amjad Ahmad , AL-Atawi Areej Mohammed , Al-Sabah Badriah Abdulrahman , Al-Yami Shrooq Salem
Published: November 2017

AIM: To investigate risk factors for early preterm birth.METHODS AND MATERIAL: A retrospective comparative study was conducted at Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period from January to December 2010. Five hundred and ninety-five patient's files and delivery registry logbooks were reviewed, the following information was collected; demographic data, current and past obstetric histories. Then the early and late preterm births were compared for various risk factors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) was used. The Chi-square and t-test were used to test the statistical significance and a P-value<0.05 considered significant.RESULTS: Prevalence of early preterm birth was found to be 2.5% in our study group. Women at risk for early preterm birth were: primigravidas (33.7% vs. 26.2% for control), P-value 0.039, OR 1.429 and 95% CI 0.982 - 2.079); multiple gestations (87.7% vs. 95.1% for control, P-value 0.002, OR 0.368 and 95% CI 0.196 - 0.688); and patients with a prior history of placental abruption (3.7% vs. 1.0% for control, P-value 0.027, OR3.928 and 95% CI 1.1360 - 13.586).CONCLUSIONS: Current study indicated that early preterm births differed from preterm as a whole; primigravida, multiple gestations and a history of placental abruption are independent risk factors for them.
Terminologie de la néologie :  lacunes, flottements et trop-pleins
Authors: Sablayrolles Jean-François
Published: November 2017

Résumé La terminologie permettant de traiter du phénomène linguistique qu’est la néologie obéit bien mal à plusieurs des principes qu’on lui attribue généralement. On constate d’abord une abondance de termes, synonymes ou en relation de type hyperonymique, pour dénommer des réalités semblables. Le principe terminologique qui stipule que, dans une perspective onomasiologique, un concept reçoit une dénomination unique, est ainsi pris en défaut. Les termes linguistiques utilisés pour traiter de la néologie contreviennent aussi au principe de la monosémie : on relève des cas d’ambiguïté par polysémie, des cas d’homonymie ainsi que l’existence de flous conceptuels. Les lacunes constituent enfin un troisième type d’entorses au principe terminologique qui veut que chaque concept soit nommé. D’où les néologismes terminologiques proposés par des linguistes pour combler des lacunes et effectuer des distinctions qui n’étaient pas faites auparavant.
Quelle(s) langue(s) parlons-nous ? Problèmes de transfert et de traduction de concepts
Authors: Bajrić Samir
Published: November 2017

Résumé Le présent article propose une étude relative à un certain nombre de problèmes qui émergent dès lors que l’on transfère les termes les plus usuels d’un champ de recherche vers un autre, ou dès lors qu’on les traduit d’une langue vers une autre : langage, langue, parole, discours, langue maternelle, locuteur natif , etc. Le modèle interprétatif utilisé s’inspire de la systématique du langage de Gustave Guillaume. Les principales langues étudiées sont l’allemand, l’anglais, le croate, le français et le serbe.
Traduction et métalangue : de la typologie de l’adverbe en français aux typologies des équivalents en arabe
Authors: Mosbah Said
Published: November 2017

Résumé La catégorie de l’adverbe en français est souvent intégrée en arabe à la fonction «  h a:l » (état). La transposition discordante, de la partie du discours vers la fonction syntaxique, s’impose d’elle-même vu le non-recouvrement des catégories grammaticales entre les deux langues. Par contre, ce qui pourrait être contesté, c’est l’homogénéisation en L2 de ce qui est manifestement hétérogène en L1. En effet, si l’on se limite aux adverbes en « - ment  », on se rend compte que derrière cette homogénéité morphologique, se cache une grande diversité tant sur le plan sémantique que syntaxique. Pour illustrer l’aspect problématique de la transposition d’une telle notion, nous nous proposons de comparer la typologie et les exemples des adverbes en « - ment  » présentés par Claude Guimier (1996) avec un ensemble d’équivalents arabes qui résulte d’une tentative de traduction personnelle.
La problématique de l’exemple dans la traduction de la métalangue
Authors: Ouerhani Béchir
Published: November 2017

Résumé Dans cet article, nous allons tenter de montrer que lors de la traduction d’un texte linguistique, l’essentiel réside dans le degré d’adéquation entre le commentaire et l’exemple, ce qui se perçoit tout particulièrement au niveau de la terminologie. Nous nous référons principalement à la traduction arabe de Pour une logique du sens (R. Martin). Nous partirons du principe suivant : dans un texte linguistique, l’exemple est central, et le commentaire dépend de lui. Ce qui revient à dire que le choix de traduire l’exemple, de le maintenir ou de le remplacer est une étape déterminante de l’opération.
Les dessous de under et below
Authors: Flucha Laurence
Published: November 2017

Résumé Dans cet article l’auteur s’interroge sur la paire de connecteurs under et below dans une perspective énonciativiste, notamment à travers l’utilisation des concepts culioliens d’opération de repérage et de délimitations qualitatives et quantitatives d’occurrences. Cette étude permet de mettre à jour les similitudes et les différences de fonctionnement des connecteurs.
Prosodie des phrases comportant des adversatives et concessives introduites par le connecteur alors que
Authors: Ramasse Denis
Published: November 2017

Résumé Le connecteur alors que peut introduire trois types de subordonnées ; un premier type, temporel ( alors que le soir tombait, Pierre est arrivé ) et deux autres, logiques, soit à valeur adversative ( elle a échoué alors qu’il a réussi ), soit à valeur concessive ( il semble déçu alors qu’il a réussi ). Pour mettre en évidence une éventuelle différence dans l’intonation provoquée par les deux valeurs logiques, une locutrice a été enregistrée (20 phrases) et une analyse acoustique réalisée. Deux paramètres ont ainsi été dégagés : une différence de durée des syllabes finales des subordonnées (phrases enchâssées) et une différence de hauteur dans la réalisation des principales (phrases matrices). Pour confirmer cette première analyse, un test de perception (18 sujets) a été pratiqué. Il a permis de mettre en évidence une pertinence du deuxième paramètre seulement, et la nécessité de le préciser en hauteur relative entre propositions principale et subordonnée. Cependant, même relativisé, ce paramètre n’est pas un indice permettant une identification systématique de la valeur logique de la subordonnée introduite par alors que . Ceci est en accord avec ce qu’écrivait Delattre (1966) qui considérait l’intonation comme un paramètre secondaire dans l’encodage de la parole. En l’occurrence, entre adversatives et concessives, même si la différence prosodique est peu marquée, elle aide néanmoins à distinguer les deux valeurs logiques.
Corpus, quantification et typologie textuelle
Authors: Loiseau Sylvain
Published: November 2017

Résumé Cet article examine les conséquences pour la description de normes linguistiques des nouveaux observables que permettent de construire les linguistiques de corpus. Nous formulons l’hypothèse que des corpus complexes articulant plusieurs niveaux de descriptions permettent de caractériser les textes, au-delà de profils morpho-syntaxiques ou lexicaux, par des observables fondés sur des catégories de la linguistique textuelle. L’enjeu est de pouvoir articuler méthodes quantitatives et linguistique textuelle pour renouveler les capacités descriptives. Dans le cadre d’une linguistique des normes, cette articulation peut contribuer à une typologie textuelle, qui doit être rapprochée des typologies linguistiques.
Las artes en la educación superior: la evaluación en España de la actividad investigadora en Bellas Artes a través de los indicadores de calidad
Authors: Caerols Mateo Raquel , Verdú Ruiz Silvia , Viñarás Abad Mónica
Published: November 2017

El conflicto entre los estándares de evaluación en investigación y las Bellas Artes viene de largo, y puede situarse desde la transformación de las antiguas escuelas de Bellas Artes en facultades universitarias. Un conflicto cuyo origen es de naturaleza epistemológica, y que tiene su traducción, inevitablemente, en el plano académico y curricular. Los indicadores de calidad para evaluar al profesorado son la clave de esta problemática, aún a resolver hoy día. A pesar de que los actuales sistemas contemplan tanto la producción de publicaciones científicas, en el marco de la investigación tradicional, como la creación artística en sí, los académicos de las Bellas Artes afirman la existencia de deficiencias en la valoración de estos aspectos. Este artículo de investigación se centra fundamentalmente en el estudio de las principales bases de datos tanto nacionales como internacionales en el ámbito de las artes para valorar la validez de las mismas como indicador de la calidad de la producción científica del docente.
A Routing Algorithms for Resource Constrained Wireless Self-organized Networks
Authors: Han Dan , Fu Lingmei
Published: November 2017

To explore the algorithms for wireless self-organized networks, through the NS-2 network simulation platform, the simulation analysis is made on the performances of multi hop data transmission  of the existing four typical Ad hoc network routing protocols. And the energy saving strategy of Ad hoc network routing protocol SFR (Selection Forwarding Routing) based on network average node connection degree is discussed and analyzed, which is suitable for intensive Ad hoc network. The simulation data showed that, SFR protocol can, under the premise of ensuring the network coverage rate the same as that of flooding  algorithm, reduce more than 56.1% redundant information in the network, and reduce the energy consumption of network by more than 30.2%. Finally, it is concluded that the selection forwarding routing has quite good performance.
Fabrication of Quantum Dots Light Emitting Device by Using CdTe Quantum Dots and Organic Polymer
Authors: Kadim Akeel M.
Published: November 2017

Cadmium telluride CdTe QDs was prepared by chemical reaction and used to fabricate electroluminescence quantum dot hybrid junction device. QD-LED was fabricated using TPD: PMMA/CdTe/Alq3 device which synthesized by phase segregation method. The hybrid white light emitting devices consists, of three-layers deposited successively on the ITO glass substrate; the first layer was of Tetra-Phenyl Diaminobiphenyl (TPD) polymer mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymers, while the second layer was 0.5wt% of the (CdTe) QDs for hybrid device, whereas the third layer was Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3). The optical properties of CdTe QDs were considered by UV-Vis. and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. The results show that the prepared QDs were nanocrystalline with defects formation. The Eg calculated from PL were 2.25 eV for Cadmium telluride CdTe QDs was prepared by chemical reaction and used to fabricate electroluminescence quantum dot hybrid junction device. QD-LED was fabricated using TPD: PMMA/CdTe/Alq3device which synthesized by phase segregation method. The hybrid white light emitting devices consists, of three-layers deposited successively on the ITO glass substrate; the first layer was of Tetra-Phenyl Diaminobiphenyl (TPD) polymer mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymers, while the second layer was 0.5wt% of the (CdTe) QDs for hybrid device, whereas the third layer was Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3). The optical properties of CdTe QDs were measuredby UV-Vis. and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. The results show that the prepared QDs were nanocrystalline with defects formation. The Eg calculated from PL were 2.25 eV for CdTe QDs. The generated white light properties with acceptable efficiency using confinement effect that makes the energy gap larger, thus the direction of the light sites are toward the center of white light color. The organic light emitting device (OLED) wasconsidered by room temperature PL and electroluminescence (EL). Current-voltage (I–V) characteristics indicate that the output current is good compared to the few voltage (6 V) used which gives good results to get a generation of white light. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of hybrid deviceshows a wide emission band covering the range from 350 - 700 nm. The emissions causing this white luminescence were identified depending on the chromaticity coordinates (CIE 1931) was found (x=0.32, y=0.33). The correlated color temperature (CCT) was found to be about 5886 K. Fabrication of EL-devices from semiconductors material (CdTe QDs) between two layers organic polymer (TPD) and organic molecules (Alq3) were effective in white light generation. The recombination processes and I-V characteristics gives rises to the output current is good compared to the few voltages used which gives good results to become a generation of light.
Increased Operating Properties of Cutting Ceramics by Application of Nanostructured Multilayer Wear-Resistant Coating
Authors: Vereschaka Alexey Anatolevich , Volosova Marina , Krapostin Alexey A. , Batako Andre , Seleznev Anton Evgenievich
Published: November 2017

This paper presents the results of the development of nanoscale multi-layered composite coatings for improving the contact performance of ceramic cutting tools. These nanocoatings help reducing brittle fracture of cutting edges and ensure a balanced wear of tool contact areas during dry high-speed machining of hardened steels. A filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition process was used to generate the nanoscale multi-layered composite coatings (NMCC) with improved physical and mechanical properties and adhesion strength to ceramic substrate. In this work, thermodynamic criteria were used to evaluate the selected composition of NMCC, and the crystal-chemical, physical, mechanical and cutting properties and wear mechanisms were studied. Ti-(TiAl)N-(ZrNbTiAl)N coating was deposited on Al2O3, Al2O3-TiC and Si3N4 ceramic substrates. Test results showed that the wear mechanism of the coated tool was predominantly due to adhesive-fatigue processes. The development of wear was observed to be centered on the rake and flank faces of the tool without brittle chipping. The results of high-speed longitudinal turning of hardened steel X153CrMoV12 showed an increase in tool life by a factor of 1.5 against the uncoated tools and a factor of 1.3 compared with standard PVD coating Ti-(TiAl)N.
Route of Antigen Presentation Can Determine the Selection of Foxp3-Dependent or Foxp3-Independent Dominant Immune Tolerance
Authors: Agua-Doce Ana , Caridade Marta , Oliveira Vanessa G. , Bergman Lisa , Lafaille Maria C. , Lafaille Juan J. , Demengeot Jocelyne , Graca Luis
Published: November 2017

It has been shown that dominant tolerance, namely in transplantation, requires Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Although most tolerance-inducing regimens rely on regulatory T cells, we found that induction of tolerance to proteins in aluminum hydroxide can be achieved in Foxp3-deficient mice using nondepleting anti-CD4 Abs. This type of tolerance is Ag specific, and tolerant mice retain immune competence to respond to unrelated Ags. We demonstrated with chicken OVA–specific TCR-transgenic mice that the same tolerizing protocol (CD4 blockade) and the same target Ag (OVA) achieves Foxp3-dependent transplantation tolerance to OVA-expressing skin grafts, but Foxp3-independent tolerance when the Ag is provided as OVA–aluminum hydroxide. In the latter case, we found that tolerance induction triggered recessive mechanisms leading to elimination of effector cells and, simultaneously, a dominant mechanism associated with the emergence of an anergic and regulatory CTLA-4+IL-2lowFoxp3− T cell population, where the tolerance state is IL-10 dependent. Such Foxp3-independent mechanisms can improve the efficacy of tolerance-inducing protocols.
Congenital Fetal Hydrocolpos with Vaginal Atresia
Authors: Saleh Ahmed M , Al-Baz Nadeen
Published: November 2017

We report an unusual case of congenital hydrocolpos diagnosed at the third trimester. The antenatal diagnosis was not conclusive as the mass was very central and arising from the pelvis toward the fetal abdomen between the rectum and fetal urinary bladder. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) showed no abnormal chromosomes. Postnatal abdominal ultrasound was not conclusive. The final and correct diagnosis of congenital hydrocolpos and urogenital sinus with vaginal atresia was made on postnatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patient was examined under general anesthesia; there was a single genital opening and a normal anus (no vaginal opening). Both cystoscopy and tube vaginostomy were performed afterward to drain the hydrocolpos. The postnatal period was uneventful.

How to cite this article

Saleh AM, Al-Baz N, Ahmed B. Congenital Fetal Hydrocolpos with Vaginal Atresia. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):230-232.
Utility of Serum Paraoxonase Levels with reference to Severity of Organophosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Rahul Hettagowdanahally V , Rani N Asha , Asha Rani N
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are widely used insecticides for agricultural and domestic purposes. Easy availability and less awareness regarding the toxicity caused by these compounds have resulted in high morbidity and mortality in India. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are required to reduce the mortality rate for which laboratory evaluation plays a vital role, in addition to various clinical scoring systems.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of 2 months. Forty clinically diagnosed acute OP poisoning cases admitted in emergency units formed the study subjects. Serum was used for the estimation of cholinesterase, for both basal and salt stimulated paraoxonase (PON) activity. Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale was used as a tool to categorize patients into mild (0—3 score), moderate (4—7 score), and severe (8—11 score) poisoning.

Results

The mean age of the study participants was 31.9 ± 14.4 years. Seventy-five percent of the participants were males and 25% were females. Chlorpyrifos was the most common OP compound consumed by the study participants. There was a significant decrease in the serum cholinesterase activity (p = 0.001) and salt-stimulated PON activity (p = 0.016) as the severity increased. Serum cholinesterase and POP score showed statistically significant negative correlation (p = 0.003). There was a linear positive correlation between serum cholinesterase and serum PON activity, but the correlation was significant only with salt-stimulated PON activity (p = 0.005).

Conclusion

The results suggest that subjects with higher levels of PON activity may have better detoxifying capacity toward OP poisoning.

How to cite this article

Rahul HV, Rani NA, Nusrath A. Utility of Serum Paraoxonase Levels with reference to Severity of Organophosphorus Poisoning. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):101-105.
Role of Active Vitamin D3 in Immunity
Authors: Singh Sapna , Verma Rashmi , Singh Bhawna , Gupta Santosh K
Published: November 2017

Introduction

The active vitamin D3—1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol—is the key player in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and skeletal growth and functions. However, recent new developments have revealed its role in other tissues as well, referred to as the nonclassical actions of vitamin D. Not only the endocrinal effects, evidence indicates that vitamin D3 also has autocrine and paracrine functions due to its extrarenal synthesis by many cells, including the immune cells. All cells of the immune system have vitamin D receptors and show wide-ranging effects to it. It impacts both the innate and adaptive immune systems and the overall influence points to anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and regulatory roles. It shows a significant role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well in susceptibility to infections.

In this review, newer developments on the role of vitamin D in immunity and the underlying mechanism are discussed with possible future reflections.

How to cite this article

Verma R, Singh S, Singh B, Goswami B, Gupta SK. Role of Active Vitamin D3 in Immunity. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):166-175.
Linear type trait analysis in the genetic resource ofthe Old Kladrub Horse
Authors: Jakubec V. , Schlote W. , Jelínek J. , Scholz A. , Zális N.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Linear type evaluations of 214 horses of the Old Kladrub breed for 32 traits were used to analyse the effect of variety (gray and black), sex (stallions and mares) and age. The linear model included the fixed effects of variety, sex and age and interactions variety x sex, variety x age and sex x age. Significant differences were found between the varieties in almost two thirds of the traits. The topline was longer and weaker in the black variety than in the gray one. The Shoulder of the gray horses was longer and more sloped than of the black one. The animals of the gray variety had a wider and deeper ehest. The stance of forelimbs and hind limbs was more correct in the gray variety than in the black one. Significant differences between sexes were observed in a few traits. Only 12 of 32 traits showed significant changes with age. In 10 of 32 traits, at least one of the interactions was significant. The estimates of this study characterise the Old Kladrub breed and its varieties in its current state and allow for more accurate evaluation of the horses.
Veal colour and other meat quality characteristics in calves fattened on maize silage and concentrate
Authors: Scheeder M. R. L. , Becker B. , Kreuzer M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Male Holstein (15) and female crossbred (15) calves, weaned from milk replacer at the end of experimental week 8, were fattened on a maize silage and concentrate diet (MSC). As a control 14 male Holstein calves were conventionally fattened on milk replacer only. The control calves reached the target slaughter weight of about 135 kg after 24.5 weeks and the MSC males after 28 weeks. The female MSC calves were slaughtered at the same age producing carcasses of 120 kg on average. MSC males were inferior to control calves in conformation, and MSC females showed the highest fat cover scores. Four MSC males expressed DFD (ultimate pH > 5.9 in M. longissimus dorsi (M.l.d.)) and were excluded from further Statistical analyses. The MSC calves had a significantly higher iron and pigment content in M.l.d., resulting in a darker (L*) and redder (a*) colour 24 h as well as 14 days after slaughter. Early visual judgement and instrumental measurements in the M. rectus abdominis (M.r.a.) 45 min and 24 h post mortem, using a colour scale and a Minolta Chroma-Meter, respectively, already showed significantly darker meat with increased redness for MSC calves. However, linear correlations with M.l.d. colour traits were rather low except for redness in M.r.a. 45 min p.m. and aged M.l.d. Haemoglobin concentration in blood, as assessed by a rapid method 3 d before slaughter, was overall on a relatively high level and showed no significant treatment effect and only weak or no correlation to colour traits. Apart from colour, meat quality of the MSC calves was either superior (shear force, collagen solubility, intramuscular fat, sensory tenderness, juiciness and acceptance) or equivalent (cooking loss, flavour intensity) to control. Therefore, the use of maize silage and concentrate in veal produetion seems promising, provided a pink veal colour would be accepted by trade and consumers.
Muskelwachstum und IGF-I bei Schweinen unterschiedlichen Geschlechts*
Authors: Biereder S. , Wicke M. , von Lengerken G. , Schneider F. , Kanitz W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title ofthe paper: Growth of skeletal muscle and IGF-I in pigs of different sex IGF-I is a pluripotent factor that is involved in regulation of growth, differentiation and a large number of functions in numerous tissues and their cells. IGF-I is synthesized by hepatocytes (endocrine role) and several extrahepatic tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle; autoerine and paracrine role). In our study, we describe the postnatal growth of the skeletal muscles in pigs of various sex taking into account the possible influence of endogenous IGF-I. The investigation was made on 42 crossbred pigs. Seven blood samples and 4 biopsy samples of two muscles (M. longissimus dorsi and M. triceps brachii) were taken for the determination of IGF-I blood plasma concentration and muscle fibre diameter, respectively as well as for further muscle structural and biochemical traits. IGF-I plasma concentrations show an increase during fattening with significantly highest levels for boars. Phenotypic differences between sows and boars in thickness of Shoulder muscle are proven after the day 181 with ultrasonography because significant differences were detected in mean muscle area of caput longum musculi triceps brachii between sows and boars and barrows (180th day of life). There are no significant differences in mean muscle fibre diameter of both muscles between sexes. A group of animals with high mean diameter in muscle fibres (day 200) of M. triceps brachii has significantly higher IGF-I concentrations in blood plasma than a group of animals with low muscle fibre diameter in the same muscle.
Maternal influences on litter size and growth in reciprocal crossed Miniature Pigs and Durocs
Authors: Hardge T. , Koepke K. , Reissmann M. , Wimmers K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In order to demonstrate the potential power of maternal effects on litter size and growth in pigs a reciprocal cross of Berlin Miniature Pigs and Durocs was carried out. The average body weight of the Duroc dams (151 kg) was more than three times higher than the weight of the Miniature Pig dams (48 kg). A considerable maternal effect on fertility, estimated from reciprocal crossbred differences in the litter size of 3.5 piglets was found. The least Squares means of birth weight were 1.18 kg and 0.75 kg for Fl animals bom from Duroc dams and Miniature Pig dams, respectively. This maternal caused disadvantage in body weight of crossbred offspring from Miniature Pig dams is compensated in the interval from weaning to the 13th week of age. The end weight estimated by means of Gompertz and Bertalanffy growth functions showed only minor differences between the reciprocal crossed groups in favour of Fl born from Duroc dams. Our data suggest that the uterine capacity of the dam could play an important role in the fertility of extreme breed crosses. Concerning growth performance the milk yield of the sow and the influence of the birthweight of the piglets were discussed.
Mast- und Schlachtleistung sowie Fleisch- und Fettqualität von Pietrain-Schweinen unterschiedlichen MHS-Genotyps und Geschlechts – 2. Mitteilung: Fettsäurenmuster der Depotfette Rückenspeck, Flomen und intermuskuläres Fett sowie der Gesamt- und Phospholipide des M. long, dorsi
Authors: Biedermann G. , Jatsch C. , Peschke W. , Lindner J.-P. , Wittmann W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the Paper: Fattening and carcass Performance and meat- and fat quality of Pietrain pigs of different MHS-genotype and sex. II. Fatty acid pattern of the adipose tissues back fat, leaf fat and intermuscular fat and of the total- and phospholipids of the M. long, dorsi In this investigation the fatty acid pattern of the adipose tissues back fat (devided in dorsal and ventral compartment), leaf fat and intermuscular and the total and phospholipids of the M. long, dorsi of different MHSgenotypes and sexes of the Piétrain race have been compared. There were available 60 animals with equal numbers of the three MHS-genotypes (NN, Np, pp) and both sexes (castrates, gilts) (liveweight at the end of fattening: 150 kg). The decreasing presence of the stress allele p (pp > Np > NN) as well the castrates compared with the gilts were combined with increasing content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and decreasing content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in all adipose tissues and in the total and phospholipids of the M. long, dorsi and thus with better technological quality. The results should additionally cause the selection stress resistent pigs of the Piétrain race.
Effects of the MHS locus on growth, carcass and meat quality traits in F2 crosses between Mangalitza and Piétrain breeds
Authors: Thaller G. , Dempfle L. , Schlecht A. , Wiedemann S. , Eichinger H. , Fries R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A total of 345 F2 animals from a crossbred design Mangalitza (homozygous NN) x Piétrain (homozygous nn) were fed ad libitum at the institute's Thalhausen Research Station and slaughtered at a live weight of approximately 100 kg. MHS genotypes (67 nn, 192 Nn and 86 NN) were determined directly in a DNA test targeting the ryanodine reeeptor locus. Models for analysis of variance included sire, dam, pen, slaughter group, sex and MHS effects. Growth Performance was generally lower and carcass composition minor compared to other breeds and crosses. No significant differences were found between MHS genotypes for growth traits but NN animals tended to be less eflicient with respect to food conversion. However, nearly all measurements of the carcass showed significant differences between nn and NN which were especially pronounced for sidefat thickness (−7 1mm) fat over the musculus longissimus dorsi (−8.8 mm) and loin eye area (+8.7 cm2) as well as fat area (−5.1 cm2) We found Nn animals performing similar to NN animals due to incomplete dominance of the N allele. As expected nn had a substantial negative influence on meat quality compared to NN and Nn (e.g. −0.61 and −0.15 for pH 45 min, respectively). Intramuscular fat content was at a high level and nn had significantly lower values with differences of −0.40% and −0.25% relative to NN and Nn, respectively. A whole genome scan is currently underway with emphasis on fat measurements which showed promising Variation in this study.
Einfluß von Booroola-Merinos auf Fettgehalt und -qualität der Schlachtkörper bei Kreuzung mit Merinofleischschafen
Authors: Suess R. , Heylen K. , von Lengerken G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: The effect of Booroola on fat content and fat quality of carcasses in crosses with German Mutton Merinos Taking actual consumer demands into consideration possible influences of fecundity genes, like that of the Australian Booroola Merino (FecB), on fat content, fat distribution and fat quality of lamb carcasses are of special interest. Within a project investigating the introgression of the FecB-gene into German Mutton Merino (GMM) in total 144 male lambs with different portions of Booroola (B) were tested between 1995 and 1997. The animals were fed ad lib. a pelleted grain mixture from 20 up to 42 kg body weight. There are no differences in kidney fat percentage, subcutaneous fat thickness, percentage fat of the loin as well as intramuscular fat (IMF) between carcasses of B-crosses (1/8 or 1/16 B) and GMM. Differences in the fat score disappear in lambs of the third backcross generation. The offspring of heterozygous carriers has a higher percentage of intermuscular fat and less IMF. B-crosses show lower melting points in IMF and kidney fat, which corresponds with changes in the fatty acid composition. Also the ratio between linoleic and linolenic acid was higher, especially in the offspring of gene-carriers. In general the differences between GMM and the involved B-crosses are small and unfavourable estimations of the carcass quality by the consumers are unlikely. Obvious there is no pleiotropic effect of the FecB-gene on fat content, distribution and quality. Correlated effects appear only in a few traits and show no evidence in crossbred lambs with even or less than 1/16 B.
Einfluss der Vatertierrasse auf die Verzehrsqualität von Schweinefleisch
Authors: Fischer K. , Reichel M. , Lindner J.-P. , Wicke M. , Branscheid W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title ofthe paper: Eating quality of pork in well-chosen crossbreds The aim of the investigation was to present the effects of selected sire lines on the sensory quality of pork. By using a constant dam line (Large White * German Landrace) six sire breeds were included Hampshire, Duroc, Pietrain-NN, Pietrain-nn, Hampshire * Pietrain-nn, Duroc * Hampshire). 18 gilts and 18 castrates of each terminal crossbred were fattened aecording to the guidelines ofthe progeny-testing. In the traits evaluating the Status of PSE (pH,, electrical conduetivity, colour, drip loss) the descendants ofthe Pietrain-nn boars clearly decrease. Regarding different characteristics for the loss during heating (cooking loss, grilling loss, Rendement Napole) Duroc and Pietrain-NN sires cause positive and Hampshire sires negative effects. With respect to sensory traits and intramuscular fat content the descendants of Pietrain-nn are the worst and those of Duroc are the best. The latter however provide, together with Duroc * Hampshire offspring, the fattest carcass.
Zusammenhänge zwischen der somatischen Zeitzahl und einigen eutermorphologischen Eigenschaften
Authors: Gulyas L. , Ivancsics J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relationship between the somatic cell count and certain udder-morphologic traits The authors carried out their udder-morphologic (the shape, hanging (up) and depth of udder; the length and diameter of teats and the space between them; the length of ductus papillaris) research in a high blood-share black-spotted Holstein-Friesian (R3-R4) cow population in a West Hungarian large dairy farm with a stock of 500 cows, The results of examinations carried out by groups offspring draw the attention to the close correlation (r = 0.62–0.88) between certain udder-morphologic traits and the pigmentation of teats as well as between the values of somatic cell count. Furthermore, the authors observed that there is also a close correlation (r = −0.58–−0.89 between the length of teat duct (ductus papillaris) and the values of somatic cell count. All biological characteristics (udder-morphologic, pigmentation of teats, length of ductus papillaris) together with those influencing somatic cell count are to be taken into account in the selection work having the aim of decreasing somatic cell count.
Characteristics of steers of six beef breeds fattened from eight months of age and slaughtered at a target level of intramuscular fat – I. Growth Performance and carcass quality
Authors: Chambaz A. , Morel I. , Scheeder M. R. L. , Kreuzer M. , Dufey P.-A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Growth Performance and carcass quality of 132 steers originating from six beef breeds, Angus (AN), Simmental (SI), Charolais (CH), Limousin (LI), Blonde d'Aquitaine (BL), and Piedmontese (PI), fattened under the same conditions on the same diet, were compared at a target level of 3.5 % intramuscular fat (IMF) in the M. longissimus dorsi. This target level was set on basis of the results ofa preliminary study investigating, with 784 persons, the Visual preference of marbling using photographs. The total mix ration, provided at ad libitum access, consisted of maize silage, grass silage and concentrate (52 %, 26 % and 22 % of DM, resp.). Series 1 was performed in a tie-stall bam while a loose-housing system with straw bedding was used in series 2. The animals were assigned to slaughter either when the target IMF content was reached according to the estimation with a real-time ultrasound system applied in the live animals or when 15 months of fattening had passed. AN, SI, CH and LI reached 3.5 % IMF on average at final weights of 501 ± 43, 628 ± 60, 693 ± 117 and 668 ± 65 kg, respectively. BL and PI did not reach this target, although the average fattening period was about three times longer for BL and PI than for AN and the final weights were 758 ± 93 and 647 ± 64 kg, respectively. Under the conditions of this experimental approach, daily gains were highest in AN, followed by CH, SI, LI and BL and lowest in PI. The daily feed intake was significantly lower for PI than for CH, SI and AN. The AN expressed the best feed conversion efficiency in terms of DM expenditure per kg gain over the complete fattening period while this efficiency was lowest in the PI group followed by BL. Among the four breeds, which reached the target IMF content, LI steers showed the greatest proportion of premium cuts and the highest lean to fat and lean to bone ratio in the sirloin, followed, in descending order, by CH, SI and AN. However all four groups were graded around 4 in fatness score (high to very high). The present results revealed for all breeds the difficulty to reach the desired extent of marbling and at the same time favourable carcass conformation, carcass size (except AN) and fat cover which meet market demands.
Prolactin reeeptor gene polymorphism and its association with litter size in Polish Landrace
Authors: Kmiec M. , Dybus A. , Terman A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Prolactin reeeptor gene (PRLR), which is localized on chromosome 16 in pigs, is a candidate gene marker for reproductive traits. The experiment was aimed to detect the DNA mutations in that gene and to find probable relations between the genotype and some reproductive traits in Polish Landrace pigs 207 sows and 8 boars from pedigree herd were studied. The polymorphism in PRLR gene locus was detected using PCR-RFLP method, with specific primers and restriction enzyme Alul. Two different alleles were identified: PRLRA; PRLRB. The frequency of PRLRA was estimated at 0.44 and PRLRB – 0,56. In the studied population of pigs frequencies of genotypes AA, AB and BB were 0.247, 0.386 and 0.367, respectively. The relations between PRLR genotypes and teats number on the left and right body side, total number of teats, number of piglets in the litter and the age at the first parity were analyzed. All data were transformed from the discrete scale into the quantitative one. The analysis showed the significant dependencies (P ≤ 0,01) between the number of piglets in the first litter and genotype of prolactin receptor. Significantly greater number of piglets characterized the sows carrying AA genotype.
Effect of monensin sodium on fermentation efficiency in sheep rumen (short communication)
Authors: Baran M. , Žitňan R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The efficiency of rumen fermentation was studied in lambs and wethers using 14 experimental rations with and without monensin sodium. The 7 pairs of rations (the first a control diet, the second a monensin treated one) consisted of hay and concentrate at ratios of 60:40, 40:60, 100:0, 50:50 (lambs), 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50 (wethers), respectively. The molar % of acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids were taken into stoichiometric calculations of rumen fermentation. In most of the rations monensin increased rumen fermentation efficiency. Of all lamb and wether rations the highest efficiency was recorded in the monensin treated ones consisting of 40 % hay and 60 % concentrates and 50 % hay and 50 % concentrates, respectively. The high fermentation efficiency was probably due to the lowest methane production observed with these rations. This means that monensin increased the amount of metabolizable energy by decreasing methane energy losses. The increase in fermentation efficiency is associated with a high production of propionic acid and in wethers also with an increase in the gross efficiency of feed conversion.
Evaluation of different pig production systems including economic, welfare and environmental aspects
Authors: Krieter J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of the study is to evaluate different production systems in pig farming including economic, animal welfare and environmental aspects with computer simulation. The computer model considers a vertically integrated system with farrowing, weaning, fattening and slaughtering stage as well as the transportation of pigs between theses stages. Housing systems were distinguished in individual and group housing with partly/fully slatted flooring or straw. Housing conditions were scaled to animal welfare in a decreasing order from straw, social contact to movement. Environmental issues were measured by nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) excretion. With standard pork production (slatted floors, individual housing of sows, small groups of fattening pigs) the cost per fattening pig accounted for € 131.72, N- and P-excretion were 7.1 and 1.2 kg per head. Group housing for gestating sows (slatted floor) and a higher number of fattening pigs per group increased welfare scoring by 25%. Cost, N- and P-excretion were reduced by 3.5, 5.1 and 5.2%. Group housing of sows during lactation, mating and gestation (with prolonged lactation length 5 weeks; welfare scoring 100%) and straw in each stage raised production cost by 24.6% (€ 32.31), N- and P-excretion were enhanced to 8.0 kg (12.7%) and 1.3 kg (10.5%) per head.
The relationship of shortening and strength of eggshell to some egg quality indicators and egg production in hens of different initial laying lines*
Authors: Máchal L. , Simeonovová J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The mean values of shortening force at fracture of egg found out during the five-month observation period ranged between 0.17 and 0.19 mm in 231 hens of seven initial laying lines and strength of eggshell ranged from 29.05 N to 36.46 N. The mean values of shortening force at fracture decreased with age of hens from 0.18–0.22 mm at 28 wk of age to 0.12–0.15 mm at 46 wk of age. Similarly, strength of eggshell decreased from 31.35–37.68 N to 27.91–34.50 N in same time period. Index of shape, ratio of eggshell and albumen to total egg weight also decreased with increasing age of hens. The highest ratio of abnormal eggs was found in both Bar Plymouth Rock lines (BPR A and BPR B) – 7.5% and 8.3% resp. The lowest ratio was found in lines Rhode Island Red (RIR C) – 2.1% and Susex Light (SU) – 2.4 %. The ratio of cracked eggs ranged from 0.9 % to 3.9 %, the ratio of double-yolked eggs was 0.5%–3.2% and the ratio of eggs without shell was 0.4 %–1.5 %. The calculated coefficients of correlation between shortening of egg and index of shape were mainly positive with rp = 0.41 (P < 0.05) and rp = 0.49 (P < 0.01). The correlations between shortening of egg and total number of eggs were mainly negative with rp = −0. 34 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 46 (P < 0.01). Similar correlations existed also between shortening of egg and ratio of cracked eggs, i.e. rp = −0. 44 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 46 (P < 0.01). The correlations between shortening and total number of abnormal eggs were mainly negative rp = −0. 39 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 53 (P < 0.01). The relationships between strength of eggshell and shortening of egg are characterized by positive correlations – rp = 0. 40 (P < 0.05) and rp = 0.55, (P < 0.01). Positive correlations existed also between strength of eggshell and index of shape (from rp = 0. 37 (P < 0.05) to rp = 0.59 (P < 0.01)). Correlations between strength of eggshell and ratio of eggshell ranged from rp = 0.44 (P < 0.01) to rp = 0.74 (P < 0.01). Mainly negative correlations were found out between strength of eggshell and number of eggs rp = −0. 34 (P<0.05) and rp = −0. 44 (P < 0.01), similarly between the strength of eggshell and cracked eggs rp = −0. 40 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 52 (P < 0.01). Negative correlations existed between strength of eggshell and total number of abnormal eggs (rp = −0.45 to rp = −0.53 (P < 0.01)). This means that both eggshell shortening and strength may be used when selecting lines for egg quality.
Influence of exogenous glutathione (GSH), as stressfactor, on the activity of lysosome enzymes in some organs of mice
Authors: Śliwa-Jóźwik A. , Jóźwik A. , Kołątaj A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The studies were carried on 30 random 8-week old Swiss male mice. The mice of I group received peritoneally 100 μg/g b.w. of reduced glutathione (GSH) in 250 μl 0.9% NaCl , II group 200 μg/ g of GSH in 250 μl 0.9% NaCl and mice of III control group received 250 μl of 0.9 % NaCl. In the lysosomal fraction of the liver, kidney and the skeletal muscle the activity of nine lysosomal enzymes were estimated. GSH injections caused in the liver a statistically confirmed increase of activity of estimated hydrolases, only the activity LL decreased significantly and NAGL did not change. After injection of both GSH doses increased significantly the activity LAP, Cat. D and L, AP, BGAL, BGLU and NAGL in the kidney. After injection 200 μg/g of GSH increased significantly activity AAP but an activity EL and LL decreased. In the skeletal muscle was observed a statistically confirmed increase of AP, LL, BGAL and NAGL activity, only the BGLU and Cat. D and L (after 100 μg/g dose) activity decreased.
Visual discrimination learning of group-housed goats at an automated learning device
Authors: Franz H. , Roitberg E. , Löhrke B. , Nürnberg G. , Dietl G. , Kinzelbach R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A general purpose computer system for behavioral conditioning experiments, the "Fields-Monitor", was developed and has been in use for several years. The set-up allows flexible stimulus presentations and rewards for different kinds of learning behavior in animals. It enables training and testing of animals even under group housing conditions which prevent the social isolation and possible distorting influences resulting from the experimenter or from the time of the day (the test animals visit the learning device whenever they want). Thus, it eliminates most of the stress factors known to decrease learning success. Using this device, 160 dwarf goats were trained for visual discrimination of four stimulus patterns (simple geometric figures, Roman letters) presented simultaneously. One of these patterns was rewarded with a small portion of water after each correct choice. A comparison of mean learning curves in the three consecutive tests showed that in the second and third test successful learning started earlier and reached a higher level (70–80% correct choices as early as the 5–6th Test Day) than in Test 1 (about 60% correct choices at the 10th Test Day). The coefficient of variation of average learning success for 10 days was 28.4, 18.7, 16.8 % in Test 1–3 respectively, indicating great differences between the animals. All animals could use the learning equipment voluntarily over several weeks, without any social deprivation.