bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Absence of Fairness… Restrictions on Industrial Action and Protest in the Trade Union Bill 2015
Authors: Ford QC Michael , Novitz Tonia
Published: October 2015

In July 2015, a Trade Union Bill was introduced by the incoming Conservative Government which seeks to place significant restrictions on UK trade union activity, probably in anticipation of deep budgetary cuts affecting the public sector which are likely to generate protest. The assertion has been made that this legislative proposal is fair and balanced. We contest that claim with reference to the likely effect of the measures on industrial action, pickets and protests. The consultative process was incomplete and the substantive provisions unfairly target union-organised strikes and protests. The proposals are open to challenge on grounds of insufficient justification, impracticability of compliance and violation of fundamental civil liberties. They entail probable breach of UK obligations in respect of International Labour Organisation (ILO) standards and rights arising under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and European Social Charter (ESC). By further restricting the scope of lawful industrial action and pickets, the proposed legislation risks provoking other kinds of protest.
A comprehensive test of the Trivers–Willard hypothesis in pronghorn (
Antilocapra americana
)
Authors: Clancey Erin , Byers John A.
Published: October 2015

The Trivers–Willard hypothesis (TWH) predicts that in a polygynous mating system, when fitness of male offspring is more variable than fitness of female offspring, mothers should invest more heavily in the sex with the highest marginal fitness returns. Females in good condition or high social rank should benefit by investing in sons, and females in poor condition or low social rank should benefit by investing in daughters. Many empirical studies have tested different aspects of the TWH, but no study has tested the assumptions and predictions in a single polygynous species using measures of maternal condition and maternal social rank, while accounting for random effects that can also influence offspring growth and survival. Here, we followed individuals in an isolated population of pronghorn on the National Bison Range, Montana, over multiple generations and tested the assumptions and predictions of the TWH. Pronghorn females who were in good condition or were socially dominant weaned larger fawns that were in better condition, but this advantage did not increase male fawn survival or reproductive success. We detected a slight bias in birth sex ratios according to maternal social rank, but overall we did not detect any adaptive benefit to mothers adopting a sex-biased investment strategy.
Comparison of patient and caregiver perception of pain from commonly performed accident and emergency services procedures
Authors: Durand Bechu Manon , Mouysset Vincent , Minville Vincent , Bounes Vincent , Houze-Cerfon Charles H.
Published: October 2015

Objective

To compare the perception by naive patients, emergency services clinicians and nurses, of healthcare-induced pain for procedures performed frequently by accident and emergency services.

Methods

A prospective, three-part anonymous survey, given to caregivers and patients at arrival accident and emergency services. The primary endpoint was the a priori estimated pain score for 10 procedures performed frequently by accident and emergency services. The same estimation was performed with the ‘willingness to pay’ method (amount allocated a priori to avoid this pain).

Results

Fifty surveys were analyzed in each group, with a significant difference for pain perception between caregivers and patients concerning four procedures: local anesthesia, fracture or dislocation reduction, dressing change and abscess incision. Caregivers always overestimated pain scores compared with patients. No difference was noted for the remaining five procedures: intravenous line insertion and removal, urethral catheterization, wound suture and nasogastric intubation.

Conclusion

Caregivers should be aware of the most feared procedures by patients to establish pre-emptive analgesia when possible, inform patients and achieve reassurance.
High Prevalence of Response to Proton‐pump Inhibitor Treatment in Children With Esophageal Eosinophilia
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Junquera Carolina , Fernández‐Fernández Sonia , Cilleruelo M. Luz , Rayo Ana , Echeverría Luis , Quevedo Sergio , Bracamonte Teresa , Román Enriqueta
Published: October 2015

Objectives:

Proton‐pump inhibitor‐responsive esophageal eosinophilia is a newly recognized entity with an unclear prevalence in children, as only retrospective data are available. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of proton‐pump inhibitor‐responsive esophageal eosinophilia in children.

Methods:

This prospective study enrolled patients with esophageal symptoms and esophageal eosinophilic counts as 15 or more than 15 eos/hpf (eosinophils per high‐power field). Children received treatment with esomeprazole 1 mg · kg−1 per dose twice daily for 8 weeks and the endoscopy was repeated. Complete response to proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) was defined as 5 or less than 5 eos/hpf, and a partial response as >5 and <15 eos/hpf in post‐treatment biopsies.

Results:

Fifty‐one children (74.5% boys) were included. Histological response was observed in 35 children (68.6%): 24 children (47%) had a complete response and 11 children (21.6%) had a partial response. Only 16 children (31.4%) were diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). There were no differences in history of atopy, allergy tests, pH study results, and endoscopic scores. Clinical symptoms were similar, with the exception of food impaction, which was more frequent in children with EoE (56.2% vs 20%, P = 0.01). The mean pretreatment peak eosinophil count was higher in patients with EoE (74.8 ± 36.2 vs 46.3 ± 30.7, P = 0.007). Eleven of the 14 patients (78.6%) on a lower PPI treatment maintenance dose remained in clinicopathologic remission at 1‐year follow‐up.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion of children with esophageal eosinophilia responded to high dose PPI treatment. Clinical, endoscopic, and pH study results were similar, with exception of patients with EoE, who were more likely to experience food impaction and have higher esophageal eosinophil counts.
Mapping Adolescent Cancer Services
Authors: Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Taylor Rachel M. , Lea Sarah , Hooker Louise , Pearce Susie , Whelan Jeremy , Gibson Faith
Published: October 2015

Background:

Specialized cancer services for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are being developed in a number of countries to address the particular needs of this population. However, the evidence base to inform service design and associated care delivery is inadequate.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to undertake a mapping study to identify the main components of AYA cancer care to be studied further to reflect the range of approaches to service delivery currently provided in England.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews were conducted with young people, their family members, and staff in 11 AYA principal treatment centers. Using different levels of extraction, these data were drawn together to illuminate the main components of AYA cancer care and the range of approaches to service delivery.

Results:

Young people, family members, and staff consistently identified and valued similar areas of AYA cancer care: caring and supportive staff, activities designed for AYAs, and an environment that feels like home.

Conclusion:

The mapping exercise successfully informed the selection of 4 sites for an in-depth case study. The main components of specialized AYA care have been described.

Implications for Practice:

This description can assist clinical teams interested in developing or refining their approach to AYA cancer care. It could also offer a way to agree priorities, based on the key components young people consider as being essential for their care, and facilitate services to benchmark against these key components, and it could also go some way to address international AYA goals to support global change to reduce the current disparities in care.
Para-allopatry in hybridizing fire-bellied toads (Bombina bombina and B. variegata): inference from transcriptome-wide coalescence analyses
Authors: Nurnberger Beate , Lohse Konrad , Fijarczyk Anna , Szymura Jacek M , Blaxter Mark L
Published: October 2015

Ancient origins, profound ecological divergence and extensive hybridization make the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata (Anura: Bombinatoridae) an intriguing test case of ecological speciation. Narrow Bombina hybrid zones erect barriers to neutral introgression whose strength has been estimated previously. We test this prediction by inferring the rate of gene exchange between pure populations on either side of the intensively studied Krakow transect. We developed a software pipeline to extract high confidence sets of orthologous genes from de novo transcriptome assemblies, fitted a range of divergence models to these data and assessed their relative support with analytic likelihoods calculations. There was clear evidence for post-divergence gene flow, but, as expected, no perceptible signal of recent introgression via the nearby hybrid zone. The analysis of two additional Bombina taxa (B. v. scabra and B. orientalis) validated our parameter estimates against a larger set of prior expectations. Despite substantial cumulative introgression over millions of years, adaptive divergence of the hybridizing taxa is essentially unaffected by their lack of reproductive isolation. Extended distribution ranges also buffer them against small-scale environmental perturbations that have been shown to reverse the speciation process in other, more recent ecotypes.
Diffraction imaging forin situcharacterization of double-crystal X-ray monochromators
Authors: Stoupin Stanislav , Liu Zunping , Heald Steve M. , Brewe Dale , Meron Mati
Published: October 2015

Imaging of the Bragg-reflected X-ray beam is proposed and validated as anin situmethod for characterization of the performance of double-crystal monochromators under the heat load of intense synchrotron radiation. A sequence of images is collected at different angular positions on the reflectivity curve of the second crystal and analyzed. The method provides rapid evaluation of the wavefront of the exit beam, which relates to local misorientation of the crystal planes along the beam footprint on the thermally distorted first crystal. The measured misorientation can be directly compared with the results of finite element analysis. The imaging method offers an additional insight into the local intrinsic crystal quality over the footprint of the incident X-ray beam.
Reliable structural data from Rietveld refinementsviarestraint consistency
Authors: Dmitrienko Artem O. , Bushmarinov Ivan S.
Published: October 2015

A new approach is proposed for assessment of the quality of restrained Rietveld refinement. As the first step, we require the consistency of the restraints and diffraction data: namely, the absence of outliers in the distribution of the bond length deviations from the target values. This condition is tested using a simple and robust outlier detection criterion and can be reached for any correct structure. Then, the range of restraint variation where the model remains consistent (uncertainty window) is calculated. This metric is indicative of the combined model and data quality. The average half uncertainty window (HUW) can serve as an estimate of the effective bond precision; HUW < 0.04 Å is reachable for highly crystalline powders, and HUW exceeds 0.3 Å for unacceptable models. A round-robin involving the most popular laboratory diffractometer geometries and an analysis of literature examples show that HUW, unlike `classic'Rvalues, is instrument independent and versatile.
Crystal growth of Ru-doped congruent LiNbO3and investigation of crystalline perfection and optical properties
Authors: Riscob B. , Bhaumik Indranil , Ganesamoorthy S. , Bhatt R. , Vijayan N. , Zimik Khavangkhui , Karnal A. K. , Bhagavannarayana G. , Gupta P. K.
Published: October 2015

Single crystals of undoped and Ru-doped congruent LiNbO3(LN) were successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The axial and radial gradient of the radio frequency furnace was controlled in order to obtain crack-free single crystals. Wafers were cut from the grown Ru-doped single crystal at different axial positions along the growth direction and subjected to various characterization analyses. Good optical homogeneity and low residual strain in the grown crystal is confirmed by the conoscopy patterns. Further, it is confirmed that Ru doping does not influence the optical sign of the crystal. From a high-resolution X-ray diffractometry analysis, it is evident that the as-grown undoped LN crystal exhibited better crystalline perfection with a single and sharp diffraction curve in comparison to the Ru-doped crystals, which are characterized by a broader diffraction curve. Absorption coefficient and band-gap analysis across the axial length revealed a concentration variation of Ru across the length. Refractive index measurements carried out using a prism coupler showed variation in the optical birefringence, also due to the variation of Ru concentration at different positions of the grown single crystal.
Domain size anisotropy in the double-Voigt approach: an extended model
Authors: Ectors D. , Goetz-Neunhoeffer F. , Neubauer J.
Published: October 2015

An efficient geometric approach to refine anisotropic domain morphology in the double-Voigt approach based on the variance-slope apparent crystallite size was recently described. In this way, the Lorentzian part of the Voigt size contribution can be directly linked to an effective area- or surface-weighted morphology. The size contribution in the Voigt approach is, however, rarely pure Lorentzian. In this article, the previously considered models are extended for the Gaussian part of the size broadening, also taking into account size distributions. The limits of the validity of the Voigt approach are also discussed.
Neutron and high-resolution room-temperature X-ray data collection from crystallized lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
Authors: Bacik John-Paul , Mekasha Sophanit , Forsberg Zarah , Kovalevsky Andrey , Nix Jay C. , Cuneo Matthew J. , Coates Leighton , Vaaje-Kolstad Gustav , Chen Julian C.-H. , Eijsink Vincent G. H. , Unkefer Clifford J.
Published: October 2015

Bacteria and fungi express lytic polysaccharide monooxgyenase (LPMO) enzymes that act in conjunction with canonical hydrolytic sugar-processing enzymes to rapidly convert polysaccharides such as chitin, cellulose and starch to single monosaccharide products. In order to gain a better understanding of the structure and oxidative mechanism of these enzymes, large crystals (1–3 mm3) of a chitin-processing LPMO from the Gram-positive soil bacteriumJonesia denitrificanswere grown and screened for their ability to diffract neutrons. In addition to the collection of neutron diffraction data, which were processed to 2.1 Å resolution, a high-resolution room-temperature X-ray diffraction data set was collected and processed to 1.1 Å resolution in space groupP212121. To our knowledge, this work marks the first successful neutron crystallographic experiment on an LPMO. Joint X-ray/neutron refinement of the resulting data will reveal new details of the structure and mechanism of this recently discovered class of enzymes.
Performance measurement and metrics in supply chains: an exploratory study
Authors: Piotrowicz Wojciech , Cuthbertson Richard
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the approaches and metrics used to measure supply chain (SC) performance, and to understand the relative perceived importance of such measures.

Design/methodology/approach

– This research is based on empirical data captured through a survey of SC professionals in a variety of business sectors.

Findings

– The research confirms the importance of the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach, with BSC, SCOR and economic value added being the most commonly used tools. Economic metrics dominate, focused on cost and customer service. While social and environmental-related measures are of emerging importance, they appear to be of similar importance to economic metrics only when backed up by a legal obligation.

Research limitations/implications

– The small sample of 51 companies was based on access and the group is not wholly representative of all businesses. Respondents were mainly managers from EU countries involved in procurement, logistics and transport activities. Surveyed companies included manufacturing, automotive, retail, logistics services and wholesaling businesses.

Practical implications

– The common key performance indicators (KPI’s) are identified. These include measures related to: quality, efficiency, responsiveness, health and safety, employees, emission, natural resources utilisation, waste and recycling. Issues that influence the usage of measurement systems as well as the company and SC levels are ranked.

Social implications

– Implementation of a monitoring system and subsequent usage of the collected data may help to reduce negative external impacts on society and the environment.

Originality/value

– The field of SC performance management is still developing, with growing empirical work. Nevertheless this paper is one of the first attempts to carry out such an analysis focused on metrics and their usage. The survey instrument has been tested and can now be applied to other contexts.
Key indicators of rice production and consumption, correlation between them and supply-demand prediction
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Patil Sanjaysingh Vijaysingh
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to establish correlations among the input variables of production within themselves and input variables of consumption within themselves and to forecast the production and consumption of the rice.

Design/methodology/approach

– The production and consumption of rice crop is governed by diverse variables. In the present study five key input variables for production of rice based on literature review and the authenticated data available from agricultural sources have been selected. These variables are area sown, agricultural workers (AW), area irrigated, growth rate and yield per hectare. On similar basis four key input variables responsible for consumption of rice are considered, namely, price of rice, population, poverty ratio and per capita net national product (NNP).

Findings

– Correlation analysis showed that priority wise production of rice depends upon yield per hectare, percentage irrigation, AW and area sown. The growth rate is found to be having insignificant correlation with other variables of production and hence was omitted from subsequent study. Correlation analysis also showed that priority wise consumption depends upon whole sale price per ton, population and the per capita NNP. The poverty ratio is found to be having insignificant correlation with other variables of consumption and hence was omitted from subsequent study. The outcomes of the correlation analysis are utilized for designing rule base for fuzzy inference system (FIS) to forecast the production and consumption of the rice. Subsequently Bayesian technique is used to forecast production and consumption and its results are compared with the results of fuzzy inference analysis.

Originality/value

– There are many techniques used for forecasting purpose but FIS and Bayesian technique outperform others. In the present study, the authors therefore focussed on these two techniques. Bayesian technique takes into account the expert opinion at the current conditions whereas FIS uses previously designed rule base. Besides discussing the appropriateness of these two techniques for forecasting production and consumption of rice, their forecasting outcomes will help in logistical and operational planning of the resources at national level, farmers’ level and traders’ level.
Marketing capabilities and firm performance: literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Kamboj Shampy , Rahman Zillur
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to broaden the body of knowledge on marketing capabilities (MC) and firm performance (FP) by presenting a systematic review of literature along with providing a path for future research agenda.

Design/methodology/approach

– In total, 101 empirical research papers from 51 different journals of online databases were selected systematically. The papers were reviewed thoroughly and summarized under strategic, functional and operational marketing capability classifications.

Findings

– The paper depicts a research field that is immature and developing quickly. The results found were diverse in terms of publication trend, industries and countries studied in reviewed articles. Product, price, promotion and distribution found as majorly studied measures of MC with mainly positive and significant impact on FP. In identified 38 different measures of FP, highly used were market share, customer satisfaction, sales growth, profitability and ROI. The findings also present the summary of different internal and contextual factors driving MC. In addition, from the review some of the research gaps also found that helps scholars in future research.

Research limitations/implications

– The review was guided by considering peer review journals with inclusion criteria that have restricted the findings. This paper will be utilitarian for both academicians and managers.

Originality/value

– This is the first paper that demonstrates a systematic review of literature on MC and FP for the period 1987-2014. The study also addresses gaps in this field and represent them in the form of research inquiries for further probe.
Measuring lean readiness through the understanding of quality practices in the Turkish automotive suppliers industry
Authors: Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo , Ates Emre Mehmet , Kumar Vikas
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a study that evaluates the readiness level of the Turkish automotive suppliers industry (T-ASI) to provide a foundation for the successful implementation and/or sustainment of lean practices.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper adapts an assessment framework developed by Al-Najem et al. (2013) to conduct the evaluation of the lean readiness (LR) of the T-ASI. Thus, the LR assessment is based on six quality practices related to lean manufacturing (LM), namely: processes; planning and control; human resources; top management and leadership; customer relations; and supplier relations. One research question and three hypotheses were formulated and tested using a combination of descriptive statistics and t-test and Levene’s tests. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire responded by 48 manufacturing organisations members of the Association of Automotive Parts and Components Manufacturers (TAYSAD).

Findings

– The results of the study revealed that the T-ASI has a high level of LR, especially in the areas of customer relations and top management and leadership while processes, planning and control and supplier relations still need to be enhanced. In addition, the study found that company size has no effect on the LR level of suppliers whereas supplier level and location of customers have.

Practical implications

– As the LR level of the T-ASI is measured, this research study increases the awareness of supplier companies with respect to complementary quality practices that support the implementation and/or sustainment of LM. Thus, managers can use this study as a platform to take better decisions regarding what quality aspects of their operations need to be enhanced to successfully deploy or sustain a lean strategy.

Originality/value

– This research is among the very few studies that have focused on evaluating how ready the T-ASI is to successfully implement or sustain lean practices. For this reason, this research expands the very limited existent body of knowledge of LM in the T-ASI.
A methodology for facing the accessibility of monuments developed and realised in Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Naniopoulos Aristotelis , Tsalis Panagiotis
Published: October 2015

Purpose

Archaeological sites and monuments, by their nature, do not allow major interventions to their structure, in order to abolish the obstacles that make them inaccessible. Any interventions should be made sensitively and carefully, so as not to alter the monument’s character or damage it, either visually or structurally. The project “PROSPELASIS” focused on creating a methodology for facing monuments’ accessibility and perceptibility problems for people with disabilities and testing its application at Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The creation of the proposed methodology was based on both research in relevant bibliography and the application of a form of “Delphi method” among involved actors. In this process persons specialized in accessibility and disability issues, persons with disability themselves, as well as employees of the 9th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities, archaeologists and experts in monuments’ restoration, participated.

Findings

The possible sites of interest for visitors with disabilities examined amount to 20 monuments which document the evolution of Byzantine architecture and are included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List. In six major monuments (Acheiropoietos, Saint Demetrios, Saint Nicholaos Orphanos, Hagia Sofia, Rotunda, Heptapyrgion Fortress) significant accessibility improvements were realized in order to verify the methodology proposed.

Practical implications

A practical tool for improving monuments’ accessibility has been developed, open for use by any interested body.

Social implications

The application of the methodology developed is beneficial for the promotion of the equality and non-discrimination principles.

Originality/value

The successful implementation of the proposed methodology and the importance that accessibility improvement of monumental sites has in the attraction of visitors with restricted mobility and perceptibility and the development of accessible tourism, constitute the results of this project not only pertinent to Thessaloniki or Greece, but worthy of a wider application.
Accessibility improvement interventions realised in Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Naniopoulos Aristotelis , Tsalis Panagiotis , Papanikolaou Eleni , Kalliagra Alexandra , Kourmpeti Charitomeni
Published: October 2015

Purpose

Access to culture is a fundamental right of people with disabilities and a significant aspect in the development of accessible tourism. A visit to a monument provides an authentic experience which cannot be substituted by any representation. However, any interventions to improve accessibility should be made carefully, so as not to alter the monument’s character, or damage it visually or structurally. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical approach model was defined in the PROSPELASIS project for the improvement of accessibility in monuments which was applied in Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki. This approach contains the following steps: evaluation of existing accessibility level; definition of alternative solutions; creation of final studies, approval by archaeological authorities and implementation of interventions.

Findings

In six major Byzantine monuments significant improvements were realized which include: installation of two lifts and creation of a new staircase at Acheiropoietos; creation of a metal bridge, a new staircase and installation of a lift at Rotunda; opening of the secondary gate and creation of a ramp at the Heptapyrgion fortress; creation of an accessible toilet at the Saint Demetrios church; installation in the six monuments of a WiFi system providing text and audible information as well as information in Greek and International Sign Language; creation of two tactile models; creation of a “cultural route” connecting three major Byzantine monuments.

Originality/value

For the first time, to the knowledge, a set of interventions has been realized in Byzantine monuments focusing on various categories of people with disabilities, i.e. motor, visual, hearing and cognitive.
Stakeholder perspectives of the future of accessible tourism in New Zealand
Authors: Gillovic Brielle , McIntosh Alison
Published: October 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to put forward the argument that New Zealand’s tourism industry generally fails to acknowledge the importance of the access market. Despite anecdotal evidence of the market’s value and strong legislation, New Zealand’s access market arguably remains underserviced and misunderstood. The current research sought to explore social and business rationales to support a future for accessible tourism in New Zealand, from the perspectives of its key stakeholders. It sought to uncover contemporary issues in the tourism industry, to examine the capacity and context for which issues can be addressed and overcome, to achieve a future for accessible tourism in New Zealand.

Design/methodology/approach

Under the interpretive paradigm, original, exploratory research was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with ten key New Zealand tourism industry stakeholders who agreed to participate in the research. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. The following five key themes inductively emerged from the data: “Accessibility as a human right: Developing a culture of accessibility”; “Accessible tourism: Good for business?”; “Bottom-up, market-led approach”; “Leadership from the top: Moving from apathy to action”; and “Meeting somewhere in the middle”. The five themes correspond to themes evidenced in the wider literature and present propositions for the future development of accessible tourism in New Zealand.

Findings

Findings revealed stakeholder opinions of an industry exemplifying minimal awareness and consideration for accessibility. Accessibility was perceived to be an issue of social change, requiring the achievement of a cultural shift where accessibility is envisioned as a cultural norm necessary for the future. Whilst top-down leadership and support were deemed pertinent, ownership and accountability were seen to be crucial at the lower, operational levels of the industry. A “meeting in the middle” was reported necessary to see the leveraging of a greater push towards accessibility and emphasising more prominently, what has been and can be done, moving forward into the future.

Originality/value

This paper provides original insights into the current and future scope of accessible tourism in New Zealand from the perspectives of its stakeholders. The key themes derived from the research assist knowledge for aligning the industry on a pathway towards achieving the necessary awareness and collaboration required in order to offer accessible tourism experiences to all.
Enhanced and changing roles of school librarians under the digital age
Authors: Lo Patrick , Chiu Dickson K.W.
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the recent viewpoint of classroom teachers and school administration about the role of school librarians, which is lacking adequate studies. The current trend of fast-evolving information and communication technologies (ICT) and the emphasis on enquiry-based learning has increasing impacts on school curriculum and the required library support.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper is based on a qualitative analysis of interviews on three practicing secondary school librarians in Hong Kong on three separate occasions to explore a different, richer type of data, in particular new requirements and issues that a questionnaire survey could provide.

Findings

– The new roles of the school librarians improving teaching and learning effectiveness under this environment include: being information literacy specialists, leading library improvement projects and providing classroom teaching collaboration and support.

Originality/value

– This is one of the very few qualitative studies reporting professional practices and changing roles amongst school librarians in Hong Kong. The results of this study are of practical interest to education policymakers, school administrators, practicing school librarians and educators with a vested interest capitalizing on the school library’s potentials to positively affect students’ achievements.
The fit of the social responsibility standard ISO 26000 within other CSR instruments
Authors: Zinenko Anna , Rovira Maria Rosa , Montiel Ivan
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to discuss how ISO 26000 fits within two predominant corporate social responsibility (CSR) instruments, GRI and UNGC. The past two decades have witnessed considerable changes in the CSR field with the introduction of new voluntary CSR instruments. Organizations adopting such tools may perceive some of the existing and emerging CSR instruments as redundant or complementary.

Design/methodology/approach

– The relationships between the CSR instruments analysed are treated through the lenses of institutional entrepreneurship and coopetition theories. The analysis presented is based on secondary data such as literature reviews, publications and online resources and databases from the UNGC, GRI and ISO as well as personal communications with representatives of ISO, GRI and UNGC.

Findings

– The paper shows that from the users’ perspective, CSR instruments should not be treated as separate alternatives, but rather as complementary to each other. At the same time, organizations that set up CSR instruments have to strengthen their existing collaboration as a network, in order to contribute more effectively to sustainable development.

Research limitations/implications

– The use of secondary data to discuss some of the ISO 26000 diffusion trends might provide an incomplete picture but still offer interesting insights.

Practical implications

– This study allows to better understand the linkages, overlaps and differences between three CSR instruments: UNGC, GRI and ISO 26000. At first sight, some of these instruments may appear as redundant but our analysis points out that they complement each other. They have different goals and are useful in different parts of one organization’s CSR infrastructure. These instruments help organizations to implement different CSR tools at different stages of integrating sustainability issues into their strategies and operations.

Originality/value

– CSR instruments have mainly been examined separately by scholars. In contrast, this study analyses ISO 26000, UNGC and GRI as a collaborative mechanism and predicts the fit of ISO 26000 within these well-established CSR instruments. The main contribution of this study is an in-depth analysis of the relationships between organizations that are developing and promoting prominent CSR instruments. In addition, we apply organizational theories to our analysis as a novel perspective. This study contributes to institutional entrepreneurship theory by showing how organizations playing the role of institutional entrepreneurs may encourage the early adoption of a new CSR instrument. It also contributes to the coopetition theory by applying this approach outside the traditional business setting.
The corporate reporting landscape: a market for virtue or the virtue of marketization?
Authors: Gibassier Delphine
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to further elaborate on the topic of standardization bodies and standards “wars” within the “market for virtue” (Vogel, 2005). This paper is a commentary on the paper by Zinenko et al. (2015) who analyze the fit between different CSR instruments at the field and the organizational level.

Design/methodology/approach

– This is a commentary based on secondary data analysis.

Findings

– This commentary reviews the implications of Zinenko et al.’s (2015) paper for research on the CSR reporting landscape and provides some additional insights into coopetition practices and the impact on organizations. It elaborates both on the development of marketization strategies and the impact of this “marketization” on what the CSR standards were initially designed for.

Originality/value

– This commentary provides six avenues for research, which are: coopetition between standard-setters, the influence of adopters on the development of standards, the key intermediary role of investors and analysts, the governance processes of standard-setting organizations, the role of the state in the arena of private CSR instruments and, finally, the disruption and maintenance of work linked to existing standards.
Three‐dimensional controlled‐source electromagnetic modelling with a well casing as a grounded source: a hybrid method of moments and finite element scheme
Authors: Tang Wenwu , Li Yaoguo , Swidinsky Andrei , Liu Jianxin
Published: October 2015

Steel well casings in or near a hydrocarbon reservoir can be used as source electrodes in time‐lapse monitoring using grounded line electromagnetic methods. A requisite component of carrying out such monitoring is the capability to numerically model the electromagnetic response of a set of source electrodes of finite length. We present a modelling algorithm using the finite‐element method for calculating the electromagnetic response of a three‐dimensional conductivity model excited using a vertical steel‐cased borehole as a source. The method is based on a combination of the method of moments and the Coulomb‐gauged primary–secondary potential formulation. Using the method of moments, we obtain the primary field in a half‐space due to an energized vertical steel casing by dividing the casing into a set of segments, each assumed to carry a piecewise constant alternating current density. The primary field is then substituted into the primary–secondary potential finite‐element formulation of the three‐dimensional problem to obtain the secondary field. To validate the algorithm, we compare our numerical results with: (i) the analytical solution for an infinite length casing in a whole space, excited by a line source, and (ii) a three‐layered Earth model without a casing. The agreement between the numerical and analytical solutions demonstrates the effectiveness of our algorithm. As an illustration, we also present the time‐lapse electromagnetic response of a synthetic model representing a gas reservoir undergoing water flooding.
A land controlled‐source electromagnetic experiment using a deep vertical electric dipole: experimental settings, processing, and first data interpretation
Authors: Vilamajó E. , Rondeleux B. , Queralt P. , Marcuello A. , Ledo J.
Published: October 2015

A multichannel borehole‐to‐surface controlled‐source electromagnetic experiment was carried out at the onshore CO2 storage site of Hontomín (Spain). The electromagnetic source consisted of a vertical electric dipole located 1.5 km deep, and the electric field was measured at the surface. The subsurface response has been obtained by calculating the transfer function between the transmitted signal and the electric field at the receiver positions. The dataset has been processed using a fast processing methodology, appropriate to be applied on controlled‐source electromagnetics (CSEM) data with a large signal‐to‐noise ratio. The dataset has been analysed in terms of data quality and repeatability errors, showing data with low experimental errors and good repeatability. We evaluate if the induction of current along the casing of the injection well can reproduce the behaviour of the experimental data.
3‐D shallow‐water seismic survey evaluation and design using the focal‐beam method: a case study offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Ishiyama Tomohide , Blacquière Gerrit
Published: October 2015

For 3‐D shallow‐water seismic surveys offshore Abu Dhabi, imaging the target reflectors requires high resolution. Characterization and monitoring of hydrocarbon reservoirs by seismic amplitude‐versus‐offset techniques demands high pre‐stack amplitude fidelity. In this region, however, it still was not clear how the survey parameters should be chosen to satisfy the required data quality. To answer this question, we applied the focal‐beam method to survey evaluation and design. This subsurface‐ and target‐oriented approach enables quantitative analysis of attributes such as the best achievable resolution and pre‐stack amplitude fidelity at a fixed grid point in the subsurface for a given acquisition geometry at the surface. This method offers an efficient way to optimize the acquisition geometry for maximum resolution and minimum amplitude‐versus‐offset imprint. We applied it to several acquisition geometries in order to understand the effects of survey parameters such as the four spatial sampling intervals and apertures of the template geometry. The results led to a good understanding of the relationship between the survey parameters and the resulting data quality and identification of the survey parameters for reflection imaging and amplitude‐versus‐offset applications.
Hoary cress (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.) seed germination ecology, longevity and seedling emergence
Authors: Rezvani M. , Zaefarian F.
Published: October 2015

The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3), potassium nitrate (KNO3), prechilling, temperature, salt stress and osmotic potential on seed germination and sowing depth on seedling emergence and burial depth on seed viability of hoary cress (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.), were studied in a series of laboratory, glasshouse and outdoor experiments. The optimal temperature for hoary cress seed germination was 20°C, both in light/dark and darkness regimes. Seed germination of hoary cress at 400 ppm concentration of GA3 in a light/dark regime was maximal. Potassium nitrate concentrations increased the percentage of germination in comparison with the control treatment. Increasing the duration of dry prechilling to 30 and 45 days promoted the seed germination of hoary cress. Germination of hoary cress markedly decreased as salt and drought stress increased. Seed germination of hoary cress occurred at a range of pH from 3 to 11. Seedling emergence significantly decreased as planting depth increased. Total seed viability decreased with increasing burial depth. The maximum increase in mortality occurred in seeds that were buried at 5‐cm depth.
Forensic Investigation of Methadone Concentrations in Deceased Breastfed Infants
Authors: Madadi Parvaz , Kelly Lauren E. , Ross Colin J. , Kepron Charis , Edwards James N. , Koren Gideon
Published: October 2015

There is a paucity of data to aid in assessing whether postmortem methadone findings in breastfed infants are clinically and/or toxicologically significant. Two cases are reported in which methadone was detected in deceased neonates whose mothers were enrolled in methadone maintenance programs and were breastfeeding. In addition to a complete autopsy and toxicological testing for alcohol, prescription medications, and drugs of abuse, pharmacogenetic analysis was performed for variants in genes related to methadone metabolism and response. In both cases, the postmortem methadone concentration measured in neonatal heart blood was higher than the maximum serum methadone concentration reported in living breastfed infants whose mothers were receiving methadone. However, additional analysis of antemortem blood indicated postmortem redistribution of methadone. Pharmacogenetic results were suggestive of a potential predisposition to methadone toxicity based on studies in adults; the significance of these findings in breastfed neonates requires further research. The medical cause of death was unascertained in both cases.
Adult cannibalism in an oligophagous herbivore, the Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Booth Everett , Alyokhin Andrei , Pinatti Sarah
Published: October 2015

Cannibalism, or intraspecific predation, can play a major role in changing individual fitness and population processes. In insects, cannibalism frequently occurs across life stages, with cannibals consuming a smaller or more vulnerable stage. Predation of adult insects on one another is considered to be uncommon. We investigated adult cannibalism in the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say), which is an oligophagous herbivore specializing on plants in family Solanaceae, and an important agricultural pest. Under laboratory conditions, starvation and crowding encouraged teneral adults to feed upon each other, which reduced their weight loss during the period of starvation. However, pupae were attacked and consumed before adults. Injured beetles had a higher probability of being cannibalized than intact beetles. Males were more frequently attacked than females, but that appeared to be a function of their smaller size rather than other gender‐specific traits. Cannibalizing eggs at a larval stage did not affect beetle propensity to cannibalize adults at an adult stage. When given a choice between conspecific adults and mealworms, the beetles preferred to eat conspecifics. Cannibalistic behavior, including adult cannibalism, could be important for population persistence in this species.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Brazilian Passiflora Seed Oils
Authors: de Santana Fernanda Carvalho , Shinagawa Fernanda Branco , Araujo Elias da Silva , Costa Ana Maria , Mancini‐Filho Jorge
Published: October 2015

The seed oils of different varieties of 4 Passiflora species cultivated in Brazil were analyzed and compared regarding their physicochemical parameters, fatty acid composition and the presence of minor components, such as phytosterols, tocopherols, total carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. The antioxidant capacities of the oil extracts were determined using the 2,2'azinobis [3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid] and oxygen radical absorbance capacity methods. The results revealed that all studied Passiflora seed oils possessed similar physicochemical characteristics, except for color, and predominantly contained polyunsaturated fatty acids with a high percentage of linolenic acid (68.75% to 71.54%). Other than the total phytosterol content, the extracted oil from Passiflora setacea BRS Pérola do Cerrado seeds had higher quantities (% times higher than the average of all samples), of carotenoids (44%), phenolic compounds (282%) and vitamin E (215%, 56%, 398%, and 100% for the α‐tocopherol, β‐tocopherol, γ‐tocopherol, and δ‐tocopherol isomers, respectively).

The methanolic extracts from Passiflora setacea BRS Pérola do Cerrado seed oil also showed higher antioxidant activity, which was positively correlated with the total phenolic, δ‐tocopherol, and vitamin E contents. For the first time, these results indicate that Passiflora species have strong potential regarding the use of their seeds for oil extraction. Due to their interesting composition, the seed oils may be used as a raw material in manufacturing industries in addition to other widely used vegetable oils.
Exposure to wind alters insect herbivore behaviour in larvae of Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: Nolidae)
Authors: Leonard Ryan J , McArthur Clare , Hochuli Dieter F
Published: October 2015

Wind is a pervasive environmental stress that may directly alter the behaviour of insect herbivores, thus limiting the ability to find and assimilate food and avoid natural enemies. We investigated the direct effects of wind on larvae of gum leaf skeletoniser Uraba lugens Walker by investigating their movement patterns and plant micro‐site selection. We allocated individuals to Eucalyptus tereticornis plants and exposed them to zero (control) or moderate wind speeds (3 m/s) for 2 h and quantified their movement patterns. When exposed to wind, individuals dropped from plants, and a greater proportion of individuals were found on petioles, branches, the underside of leaves and the leeward side of plants. The dramatic effects of wind on larval behaviour, even at relatively moderate intensities, reveal the significant potential of wind to influence plant–insect interactions.