bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Praksisveilederes opplevelse av et nytt veilednings- og vurderingsverktøy for sykepleierstudenter i praksis – en evalueringsstudie
Authors: Julnes Signe Gunn , Grønvik Cecilie Katrine Utheim , Eines Trude Fløystad
Published: October 2015

Experience of mentors using a new guidance and assessment model for nursing students.
This paper explores the experience of mentors when using a new guidance and assessment model for nursing students during practical studies. The National Qualifications Framework for higher education is implemented in the new model. During 2012, 22 mentors participated in five different focus groups. The data were analyzed using deductive and inductive stepwise analysis. The participants found the new model quite challenging at first. With experience, the mentors became more confident in providing guidance and more constructive and objective assessment. This study underscores the importance of common pedagogical understanding of the model among mentors. We find that active use of the new model improves both guidance and assessment of nursing students in practical studies.
Stryke i praksis - er det mulig? Sykepleiestudenters opplevelse av å få ikke-bestått i praksisstudier
Authors: Hauge Kari Westad
Published: October 2015

Fail practice – is that possible?
Background: Research describes that supervisors are put in predicament when having to fail a student nurse. There is a lack of research related to the experience of failing to student. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe how student nurse experience to fail practice and the process that lead to this outcome. Method: A qualitative interview with a phenomenological and hermeneutic approach. Results: Failing practice trigger strong feelings and reactions by the students. These enhance if they don't understand the reason for failing, experience the process as unfair or if they don't get the necessary guidance, feedback and support in the situation. Conclusion: To preserve the dignity and vision of future possibility of a failing student, the supervisors and teachers relational competence and willingness to see the student is important.
Verdier i helse- og omsorgstjenesten. Hvordan kan reflekterende veiledning bidra til økt fokus på kommunens faglige verdigrunnlag?
Authors: Høium Kari , Bingen Susanne
Published: October 2015

Focusing on values in health services
Studies show that a focus on values in health services can encourage targeted collaboration and a proactive approach to conflict management. This study describes how a reflective value seminar can contribute to familiarizing the employees of a health care service with municipal values. An account of the different stages of the counseling seminar is made, as well as an account of methods utilized to promote knowledge of values with the contestants. The results are uplifting in regards to learning outcome from the seminar, also evident after a month of follow-up. Results indicate that newly acquired competence was deployed when meeting users and next of kin. The significance of the findings is enhanced by both the government and the research field´s emphasis, on reflection competence as a core variable in ensuring service quality. A continued challenge will be to examine appropriate models for following up the employees in order to enhance and sustain commitment and quality development in practice.
Om å leve med et barn som ikke lenger er i live. En fenomenologisk deskriptiv studie
Authors: Jystad Marte A. , Bongaard Rob
Published: October 2015

Artikkelen fokuserer på kunnskap om foreldres opplevelse ved tap av barn og livet etter det. Materialet bygger på intervjuer med foreldre som har mistet barn. Deres beskrivelser ble utgangspunktet for fenomenologisk analyse.

Tapet av et barn påvirker alle dimensjoner i livet. Man blir ikke bare konfrontert med selve fraværet av barnet. Man taper også håp og forventninger knyttet til både barnets og ens egen framtid. De eksistensielle spørsmål om måten man forvalter sitt liv på blir nærværende, og søken etter ny mening blir en vedvarende prosess.

De ulike foreldre fulgte sin egen veg gjennom sorgprosessen. Likevel er det fellestrekk i opplevelse av vedvarende bånd med barnet, kropp, relasjon til andre, følelse av skyld og mening. Profesjonell hjelp fra helsearbeidere beskrives som avgjørende, spesielt i den første akutte sorgen.
Nettbasert sårveiledning. Kunnskapsutvikling og bedre mestring av leggsårbehandling i hjemmetjenesten
Authors: Nyheim Beate , Lotherington Ann Therese , Steen Ada
Published: October 2015

Pasienter med leggsår som ikke vil gro blir gang etter gang henvist til spesialisthelsetjenesten på grunn av manglende sårheling. Dette er en belastning for så vel pasientene som sykepleierne og helsevesenet. I prosjektet Nettbasert sårveiledning tilbød Hudavdelingens Sårteam nettbaserte sårveiledninger til hjemmesykepleiere. Med utgangspunkt i prosjektet analyserer artikkelen de nettbaserte veiledningenes betydning for kunnskapsutvikling i leggsårbehandling.
Hva slags caseoppgaver inviterer til studentaktivitet og interaksjon?
Authors: Fougner Marit
Published: October 2015

Artikkelen omhandler bruk av ulike caseoppgaver som utgangspunkt for studentaktive læringsformer. Caseoppgaver har vært relatert til fysioterapiteori, et av kjernefagene i andre studieår. Artikkelen belyser hvilke oppgavetyper som er benyttet til å skrive seg inn på det fysioterapifaglige territorium. I den sammenheng drøftes hvilke typer oppgaver som synes å gi det beste grunnlaget for faglig diskusjon og klinisk resonnering.
Disparate Patient Advocacy When Facing Unaffordable and Problematic Medical Bills
Authors: Duffy Erin L. , Frasco Melissa A. , Trish Erin
Published: August 2024

Importance

People in the US face high out-of-pocket medical expenses, yielding financial strain and debt.

Objective

To understand how households respond to medical bills they disagree with or cannot afford.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study was carried out using a survey fielded between August 14 and October 14, 2023. The study included a random sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) survey respondents from the Understanding America Study (UAS). Participant responses were weighted to be nationally representative. The analysis took place from November 3, 2023, through January 8, 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Respondents reported if their household received a medical bill that they could not afford or did not agree with in the prior 12 months, and if anyone contacted the billing office regarding their concerns. Those who did reach out were asked about their experience and those who did not were asked why.

Results

The survey was sent to 1233 UAS panelists, of which 1135 completed the survey, a 92.1% cooperation rate. Overall, 1 in 5 of the 1135 respondents received a medical bill that they disagreed with or could not afford. Leading bill sources were physician offices (66 [34.6%]), emergency room or urgent care (22 [19.9%]), and hospitals (31 [15.3%]), and 136 respondents (61.5%) contacted the billing office to address their concern. A more extroverted and less agreeable personality increased likelihood of reaching out. Respondents without a college degree, lower financial literacy, and the uninsured were less likely to contact a billing office. Among those who did not reach out, 55 (86.1%) reported that they did not think it would make a difference. Of those who reached out, 37 (25.7%) achieved bill corrections, better understanding (16 [18.2%]), payment plans (18 [15.5%]), price drop (17 [15.2%]), financial assistance (10 [8.1%]), and/or bill cancellation (6 [7.3%]), while 32 (21.8%) said that the issue was unresolved and 23.8% reported no change. These outcomes aligned well with respondents’ billing concerns with financial relief for 75.8% of respondents reaching out about an unaffordable bill, bill corrections for 73.7% of those who thought there was mistake, and a price drop for 61.8% of those who negotiated.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of patients in the US found that most respondents who self-advocated achieved bill corrections and payment relief. Differences in self-advocacy may be exacerbating socioeconomic inequalities in medical debt burden, as those with less education, lower financial literacy, and the uninsured were less likely to self-advocate. Policies that streamline the administrative burden or shift it from patients to the billing clinician may counter these disparities.
Early vs Delayed Antihypertensive Treatment in Acute Single Subcortical Infarction
Authors: Wei Yufei , Xie Xuewei , Pan Yuesong , Wang Mengxing , Wang Aili , Liu Dacheng , Zhao Zilin , Nie Ximing , Duan Wanying , Liu Xin , Zhang Zhe , Liu Jingyi , Zheng Lina , Shen Suwen , Zhong Chongke , Xu Tan , Jiang Yong , Jing Jing , Meng Xia , Obst Katherine , Chen Chung-Shiuan , Li Hao , Leng Xinyi , Wang David , Wang Yilong , Zhang Yonghong , He Jiang , Wang Yongjun , Liu Liping
Published: August 2024

Importance

The China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke II (CATIS-2) suggests that early antihypertensive treatment did not reduce the risk of dependency or death in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), compared with delayed treatment. Single subcortical infarction (SSI) is an important stroke subtype, and the association of antihypertensive timing with clinical outcomes is unclear.

Objective

To investigate the association of early vs delayed antihypertensive treatment with clinical outcomes in patients with SSI, stratified by the presence of parent artery disease (PAD) stenosis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This secondary analysis of the CATIS-2 randomized clinical trial included 106 hospitals in China between June 2018 and July 2022. In CATIS-2, patients with AIS within 24 to 48 hours of symptoms onset and elevated systolic blood pressure were eligible. Patients with SSI detected in diffusion-weighted imaging were included in the current post hoc subgroup analysis. Patients were grouped into (1) SSI with PAD stenosis and (2) SSI without PAD stenosis. Statistical analysis was performed from July 2023 to May 2024.

Exposures

Early (immediate) vs delayed (starting on day 8) antihypertensive therapy.

Main Outcome and Measure

Primary outcome was the combination of functional dependency or death (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 90 days.

Results

Among 997 patients with SSI in CATIS-2 (mean [SD] age, 62.4 [9.8] years; 612 [61.4%] men), 116 (11.6%) had SSI with PAD and 881 (88.4%) had SSI without PAD. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between early and delayed antihypertensive treatment groups among all patients with SSI (8.8% vs 7.1%; OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.79-1.99]; P = .34). Among patients with SSI with PAD, early antihypertensive treatment was associated with increased risk of the primary outcome compared with delayed treatment (23.4% vs 7.7%; OR, 3.67 [95% CI, 1.14-11.86]; P = .03); this finding was not observed in patients with SSI without PAD (6.6% vs 7.1%; OR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.55-1.57]; P = .77). Significant interaction with treatment and presence of PAD stenosis was detected for the primary outcome (P for interaction = .04).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, early antihypertensive treatment was associated with an increased risk of functional dependency or death at 90 days among patients with SSI and coexisting PAD stenosis, compared with delayed antihypertensive treatment. Further studies are warranted for individualized BP management in patients with SSI by the presence of PAD.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03479554
Expanded CD8+CD38+ T Cell Population in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Linked to Increased Infection Rates: A Prospective Study
Authors: Rubio Jose , Humbel Morgane , Mulki Lama , Katsuyama Eri , Krishfield Suzanne , O'Connell Julianne , Tsokos George C. , Kyttaris Vasileios
Published: August 2024

Objective

One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is infections. The expression of the ectonucleotidase CD38 on the surface of CD8+ T cells has been linked to compromised cytotoxic function. The aim of this prospective study was to assess whether the presence of CD8+CD38+ in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE can serve as a biomarker for infectious complications.

Methods

A cohort of 80 patients with SLE were recruited over 18 months. The rate of clinically significant infections and presence of CD8+CD38+ T cells in the peripheral blood were monitored at each clinic visit. The patients were classified into high CD38+ and low CD38+ CD8+ T cells using flow cytometry and a previously established cutoff rate of 28.4%.

Results

A total of 20 infections were registered over the study period. We observed that the patients with an expanded CD8+CD38+ T cell population in the peripheral blood had a higher rate of recurrent infections and a higher likelihood of infection compared with patients with a low CD8+CD38+ T cell population. The levels of CD38 in CD8+ T cells remained stable over time in the studied subjects.

Conclusion

High levels of CD8+CD38+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE identify a subgroup prone to infections for whom proper clinical measures should be applied.
A General Strategy for Ultralong Phosphorescent Photonic Crystals, Achieving Thermal Sensitive, Tri‐State Optically Compensated Gels
Authors: Wang Changxing , Ning Yayun , Wen Xiaoxiang , Yue Yifan , Xie Yuechi , Zhang Jinxia , Li Jianing , Yang Sen , Lu Xuegang
Published: August 2024

Integration of photoluminescence (PL), especially the long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), into periodic submicron structures to build multi‐optical morphology photonic crystals (PCs) is a trend for future optical devices but has proven extremely challenging. Here, an emerging general strategy for fabricating three‐optical morphology (tri‐state) SiO2‐based PCs by calcining monodisperse SiO2 nanospheres with carbon dots (CDs) encapsulated inside is reported. The resulting phosphorescent SiO2 nanospheres are unaffected by the type of surface defects or heteroatom doped in CDs, but rely on C─Si covalent bonds to stabilize the excited triplet state (T1). The high degree of integration of chemiluminescent molecules and physical unit arrays offers the possibility of PCs with RTP emission in various physical morphologies. The assembled tri‐state PCs exhibit vivid structural colors, blue PL and green RTP under different light stimulation. Additionally, an intelligent thermal‐responsive optically tri‐state PC gel is successfully fabricated by self‐assembly of colloidal particles in suspensions. The optical signals (including structural color, transmittance, PL, and RTP) of the gels exhibit complementary properties regulated by temperature in the reflection and transmission modes. The general strategy and multifunctionality of these tri‐state PCs and gels open new avenues for applications in decorative coatings, tri‐morphology recyclable smart windows, and information encryption.
Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Porous Carbon Bowls Optimizing Maleic Acid Dissolution for Fast Kinetic and Long‐Life Lithium‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jianzhong , Xu Ning , Su Lihong , Chen Jin , Hu Xuebu , Li Sha , Hu Zhongli , Xu Yunlan , Xu Liangliang , Liu Junjie , Zhang Li
Published: August 2024

Organic conjugated carboxylic acids are promising anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high specific capacity, design flexibility, and environmental friendliness. Unfortunately, similar to polysulfides, organic conjugated carboxylic acid materials and their redox intermediates suffer from poor intrinsic electronic conductivity, severe dissolution issues, and the resulting shuttle effect, thereby giving rise to rapid capacity decay and poor cycling stability. Herein, a SiO2 template‐assisted pyrolysis strategy is developed to prepare nitrogen‐doped hollow porous carbon bowls (N‐HPCB) as highly efficient hosts for organic conjugated carboxylic acids (maleic acid, MA). Benefiting from the large specific surface area, rational pore structure, and numerous nitrogen defect sites, N‐HPCB can remarkably suppress the dissolution of MA and its redox intermediates (LixMA) through both physical confinement and chemical bonding and facilitate the LixMA conversion. With these merits, the MA@HPCB electrodes deliver a high reversible specific capacity of 1134.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, exceptional long‐term cyclability (retaining 328.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 985 cycles), and outstanding rate capability (189.1 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1). Thus, the work provides a new approach to achieving a high‐rate and highly stable organic conjugated carboxylic acid materials.
Bottlebrush Hydrogels with Hidden Length: Super‐Swelling and Mechanically Robust
Authors: Wang Claire J. , Vashahi Foad , Moutsios Ioannis , Umarov Akmal Z. , Ageev Georgiy G. , Wang Zilu , Ivanov Dimitri A. , Dobrynin Andrey V. , Sheiko Sergei S.
Published: August 2024

Hydrogels are explored for applications in agriculture, water purification, and biomedicine, leveraging softness, elasticity, and high water uptake. However, hydrogels are notoriously brittle, especially at high water content. This shortcoming puts the improvement of hydrogel mechanics at the forefront of current research. Yet modern strategies for enhancing gel resilience come at the expense of softness and swelling. This problem is addressed using bottlebrush networks with disentangled strands and hidden length reservoirs, which synergistically enhance gel swelling and robustness while maintaining their softness. Implementing a facile one‐pot synthesis of single‐stranded bottlebrush networks with a relatively hydrophobic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) backbone and hydrophilic poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMOx) side chains, hydrogels are prepared with a modulus below <1 kPa and swelling ratios up to 125 that can withstand up to 10‐fold extension.
High‐Performance GeSe‐Based Thermoelectrics via Cu‐Doping
Authors: Zhang Min , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Mao Yuanqing , Li Meng , Moshwan Raza , Cao Tianyi , Chen Wenyi , Yin Liangcao , Lyu Wanyu , Chen Yongqi , Liu Siqi , Liu Wei‐Di , Liu Qingfeng , Tang Guihua , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: August 2024

Rhombohedral GeSe is a promising p‐type thermoelectric material, noted for its low toxicity, environmental friendliness, and greater affordability compared with tellurides. However, its thermoelectric performance still requires further enhancement for practical applications. In this work, a highly competitive peak figure of merit (ZT) of 1.24 at 623 K for p‐type polycrystalline Ge0.895Cu0.005Se0.9(AgBiTe2)0.1, along with a high average ZT of 0.74 between 323 K and 623 K is reported. Comprehensive micro/nanostructural characterization reveals that alloying with AgBiTe2 and doping with Cu successfully induce dense point defects, secondary Ag2Te phases, and various nanoprecipitates in the GeSe matrix. These abundant crystalline and lattice defects result in strong phonon scattering, leading to an ultra‐low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.35 W m−1 K−1 at 623 K. Moreover, Cu doping enhances carrier mobility, promoting decoupling between carriers and phonons. This allows for low thermal conductivity and high power factor coexistence to achieve a high ZT. Additionally, with a temperature difference of 325 K, the theoretical energy conversion efficiency reaches up to 8.5%, indicating great potential for medium‐temperature device applications. This work suggests that Cu doping is an effective strategy for achieving high thermoelectric performance in rhombohedral GeSe‐based materials.
Intelligent Hand‐Gesture Recognition Based on Programmable Topological Metasurfaces
Authors: Ma Qian , Gu Ze , Gao Xinxin , Chen Long , Qin Shi Long , Wu Qian Wen , Xiao Qiang , You Jian Wei , Cui Tie Jun
Published: August 2024

Intelligent recognition of human positioning, posture, and hand‐gesture based on wireless electromagnetic (EM) induction has recently garnered widespread attention and is anticipated to find wide applications in various smart scenarios. Here a novel and robust hand gesture recognition method based on programmable topological metasurfaces is presented. By exploiting the programmability of surface waves by the topological metasurfaces, multi‐dimensional near‐field coupling pathways are flexibly constructed to extract the EM feature information corresponding to different hand gestures. An intelligent EM acquisition system that can rapidly capture the EM information of the topological metasurface for different gesture coupling conditions is built. The EM transmission data for thousands of gestures to train the neural network, which can achieve a recognition accuracy of more than 99% for 5 single‐hand gestures, and 25 two‐hand gesture combinations are experimentally collected. It is expected that the proposed scheme will advance the research in human body wireless sensing and promote the intelligent sensing applications of the topological metasurfaces.
Efficient Electrochemical Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Synergistic Effect of Atomically Dispersed Pt, Boron and Nitrogen Doped 2D Diamonds
Authors: Lu Mengmeng , Liu Xu , Jing Changfei , Wang Xiaosa , Ding Lei , Gao Fengying , Ren Linhan , Dai Sheng , Zhong Xing , Wang Jianguo
Published: August 2024

The electrochemical co‐synthesis of H₂O₂ and O₃ holds substantial potential for environmental sustainability and energy conservation. However, synthesizing electrocatalysts with appropriate adsorption energies for intermediates in the electrochemical pairwise electrosynthesis of H₂O₂ and O₃ remains a major challenge. In this study, boron and nitrogen‐doped 2D diamonds (BND) and atomically dispersed Pt₁/BND electrocatalysts are systematically designed and synthesized to facilitate the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e⁻ ORR) and electrochemical ozone production (EOP), respectively. The BND and Pt₁/BND electrocatalysts exhibit remarkable electrochemical activity, with BND achieving 90.7% selectivity for H₂O₂ and Pt₁/BND attaining a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 12.54% for EOP. The Pt monatomic species, with a loading of 0.13%, are predominantly distributed along the edges of the Pt₁/BND. Theoretical calculations reveal that their superior properties primarily stem from the phase transition to graphene fractions at the edges, which facilitate moderate adsorption of oxygen intermediates and modulate the electronic structure through synergistic interactions between the dopant elements. Additionally, the 2D diamonds exhibit favorable mass transfer properties. The integration of H₂O₂ and O₃ for the synergistic degradation of organic contaminants and sterilization further showcase the practical utility of BND and Pt₁/BND electrocatalysts.
Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Triboelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Ye Ziyi , Liu Tao , Du Guoli , Shao Yuzheng , Wei Zhiting , Zhang Song , Chi Mingchao , Wang Jinlong , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi
Published: August 2024

Drawing inspiration from nature has served as a crucial driving force behind human progress, enabling groundbreaking advancements and cross‐disciplinary integration through the emulation of biological superhydrophobic phenomena. Bioinspired superhydrophobic triboelectric materials stand out among advanced triboelectric materials due to their unique hydrophobic properties, exceptional moisture resistance, and remarkable electrical performance. However, the inherent complexity of natural phenomena and the need for refinement in bioinspired design pose significant challenges in the development of bioinspired superhydrophobic triboelectric materials. This comprehensive review delves into bioinspired superhydrophobic triboelectric materials from the perspectives of theoretical underpinnings, fabrication strategies, and cutting‐edge applications. Rooted in the interaction mechanisms between water molecules and triboelectric materials, the importance of enhanced hydrophobic properties is elucidated. A systematic overview of bioinspired superhydrophobic triboelectric materials’ construction strategies is presented, offering fresh perspectives and insights into the development and application of high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Finally, the current challenges and untapped opportunities in bioinspired superhydrophobic triboelectric materials are summarized to fully unlock their potential for applications in TENGs.
De Novo Construction of pKa‐Tunable Xanthene Molecules for pH Sensitive Fluorescence Navigation
Authors: Zhang Li‐Na , Chen Shan‐Yong , Shi Lei , Ran Xiao‐Yun , Zhang Hong , Moon Huiyeon , Lee Yubin , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Kim Jong Seung , Li Kun
Published: August 2024

pH is spatiotemporal variable dynamically in physiological and pathological processes, and the tiny pH changes can result completely different physiological processes. However, the major drawbacks of conventional pH‐activatable probes are their large acid‐base transition width and the challenge to adjust their pKa suitable for various application. In response to these issues, a novel approach is proposed to realize sensitive response and a general strategy to construct a multicolor and pKa‐tunable xanthene‐based platform. In these probes, the narrowest acid‐base transition range is just 1 pH units, achieved by introducing the electron‐rich pyridine as ingenious proton catcher. Especially, Si‐4Py owns near‐infrared (NIR) signal and pKa of 5.56, which is successfully used for the rapid and high‐contrast imaging of distal metastatic tumors. This has significant implications for guiding surgeons in the removal of these tumors and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Additional, the sustainably innovative strategy proposed by this work can serve as effective reference in pH probe development.
Hydrophobic Paper Used to Construct a Disposable Chemiresistive Immunosensor for the Simultaneous Detection of FB1 and AFB1
Authors: He Yue , Wang Hui , Yu Zhixue , Tang Xiangfang , Zhou Mengting , Guo Yuming , Xiong Benhai
Published: August 2024

Co‐contamination of mycotoxins produced by fungi in foodstuffs and feeds causes a tremendous health risk to humans and animals. The simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins using a cost‐effective and point‐of‐care technology is key to ensuring food safety. In this study, a disposable biosensor with two individual sensing channels is prepared on an affordable cellulose paper substrate and used to simultaneously detect fumatoxin B1 (FB1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The biosensor pattern is outlined by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the hydrophobic interface of the sensing channels is created using octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Semiconducting single‐wall carbon nanotubes (s‐SWCNTs) are deposited onto the central zones to serve as the sensing elements and SWCNTs are deposited into the bilateral areas as wire. After functionalization of the s‐SWCNTs, anti‐FB1 and anti‐AFB1 are separately immobilized on the different sensing regions to capture the targeted mycotoxins. Under the optimal conditions, this developed s‐SWCNTs‐based biosensor array achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.23 pg mL−1 for FB1 and 7.48 pg mL−1 for AFB1. As a demonstration, spiked corn samples are measured using this biosensor and recovery rates are not inferior to commercial enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Overall, the cost‐effective, highly sensitive, and multiplexed biosensor platform fabricated by this approach shows great potential for detecting multiple mycotoxins.
Demonstration of Eu3+ → Eu2+ Energy Transfer in NIR Emitting CaO:Eu2+,Eu3+ LED Phosphor and its Implication for the Role of Eu3+ as a Killer Center for Long Wavelength Eu2+ Emission
Authors: van Aarle Casper , Ingham Robert , van der Heijden Clara , Budwilowitz Koray , Niehe Meesz , Dugulan Iulian , Hintzen Hubertus T.
Published: August 2024

While Eu2+ → Eu3+ energy transfer is well known, in this study the energy transfer from Eu3+ to Eu2+ is reported for the first time. The predominant condition for Eu3+ → Eu2+ energy transfer is a Eu2+ 4f55d band at lower energy than the position of the Eu3+ 4f6[5D0] level, which is fulfilled in Eu‐doped CaO. X‐ray powder diffraction, Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy and optical absorption measurements are employed to determine the Eu3+ and Eu2+ concentrations in the prepared CaO:1at.%Eu samples. Synthesis in an H2/N2 atmosphere and addition of graphite powder as a reducing agent to the starting mixture are found to result in respective Eu3+ and Eu2+ concentrations of 0.6–0.7% and 0.3–0.4%. For this sample, the Eu3+ → Eu2+ energy transfer efficiency is estimated to be high (> 90%). This is explained by the high oscillator strength of the 4f7 → 4f65d excitation transition of the Eu2+ ion to which energy is transferred. As the Eu2+ 4f55d band lies below the Eu3+ 4f6[5D0] level, Eu3+ does not act as a killer center for the near‐infrared (NIR) Eu2+ emission at about 720 nm. Therefore, a full reduction of Eu3+ is not required to attain a high quantum efficiency. Implications of the demonstrated Eu3+ → Eu2+ energy transfer for application of long wavelength Eu2+ phosphors are discussed.
A Novel Ultra‐Thin and Smooth Sm:Ag Composite Electrode with High Visible Transmittance Enables Efficient Color‐Neutral Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Mengan , Wu Jiang , Tang Hao , Yi Xueting , Liu Zekun , Huang Minghui , Fu Yingying , Xie Zhiyuan
Published: August 2024

Transparent top electrodes are crucial for enhancing the performance of semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs). The commonly evaporated ultra‐thin silver (Ag) electrode in ST‐OSCs suffers from limited transparency and conductivity due to its island‐like growth, posing a challenge in achieving desired conductivity and low optical loss. Here, a novel composite film is prepared by doping a small amount of samarium (Sm) into Ag during evaporation. The incorporation of Sm facilitates to form a continuous ultra‐thin Ag film by suppressing isolated island growth. A 15 nm Sm:Ag composite film with an optimized mass ratio of 1:30 exhibits a sheet resistance of 6 Ω □−1 and an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 66%, much better than 20 Ω □−1 and 43% of the pure Ag analogue. By employing the Sm:Ag electrode with an optical coupling layer, the ST‐OSCs demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 10.89% and an AVT of 37.1%, resulting in a light utilization efficiency of 4.04%. Moreover, the resultant ST‐OSCs demonstrate superior color neutrality with a color rendering index of 91.9, representing one of the highest values among the ST‐OSCs with LUE exceeding 4% reported to date. This work provides a novel transparent top electrode with superior conductivity and transmittance for ST‐OSCs.
Fiber‐Integrated van der Waals Quantum Sensor with an Optimal Cavity Interface
Authors: Moon Jong Sung , Whitefield Benjamin , Spencer Lesley , Kianinia Mehran , Hennessey Madeline , Toth Milos , Jeon Woong Bae , Kim Je‐Hyung , Aharonovich Igor
Published: August 2024

Integrating quantum materials with fiber optics adds advanced functionalities to a variety of applications, and introduces fiber‐based quantum devices such as remote sensors capable of probing multiple physical parameters. However, achieving optimal integration between quantum materials and fibers is challenging, particularly due to difficulties in fabrication of quantum elements with suitable dimensions and an efficient photonic interface to a commercial optical fiber. Here a new modality for a fiber‐integrated van der Waals quantum sensor is demonstrated. A hole‐based circular Bragg grating cavity from hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is designed and fabricated, engineer optically active spin defects within the cavity, and integrate the cavity with an optical fiber using a deterministic pattern transfer technique. The fiber‐integrated hBN cavity enables efficient excitation and collection of optical signals from spin defects in hBN, thereby enabling all‐fiber integrated quantum sensors. Moreover, remote sensing of a ferromagnetic material and of arbitrary magnetic fields is demonstrated. All in all, the hybrid fiber‐based quantum sensing platform may pave the way to a new generation of robust, remote, multi‐functional quantum sensors.
Visible Light‐Driven Difluoroalkoxylation of Imidazopyridines Using N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide as Fluorinating Agent
Authors: Gadekar Amol B. , Sonam  , Shinde Vikki N. , Bhawani  , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2024

A visible‐light‐promoted site‐selective difluoroalkoxylation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines has been achieved using N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as a fluorinating agent. This practical reaction has a wide range of substrate scope for both imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and alcohols to give 3,3‐difluoro‐2‐alkoxy‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in 65–93% yields. The reaction proceeded at room temperature, showed high functional group tolerance, and was amenable to scale‐up. Based on mechanistic investigation, a radical pathway is proposed.
Visible‐Light Chiral Photonic Synapses Based on Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic 2D Perovskites
Authors: Hwang In‐Kook , Lee Min Gu , Jeon Jae Bum , Nam Sang Hyun , Lee Daseul , Lee Changhyeon , Kwon Junyoung , Im Sung‐Gap , Kim Young‐Hoon , Kim Kyung Min , Park Byong‐Guk
Published: August 2024

This study presents visible‐light chiral photonic synaptic devices based on 2D chiral hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites (HOIPs), composed of Si/SiO₂/chiral HOIPs/poly(methyl methacrylate)/pentacene/Au, designed for circularly polarized light (CPL)‐active peripheral nervous system (PNS) applications. In the heterostructure of 2D chiral HOIPs and pentacene, chiral HOIPs effectively distinguish the direction of CPL and the pentacene layer extracts photoinduced charge carriers to achieve synaptic properties, as confirmed by circular dichroism and photoluminescence analyses. The devices exhibit a photocurrent dissymmetry factor of up to 0.3 and a photoresponsivity of 130 mA W−1. Logic operations using a 3 × 4 pixel array of chiral HOIP‐based heterostructures are demonstrated, achieving pattern recognition based on the direction of CPL and pulse interval time. Notably, the efficiency to discriminate CPL direction increases with longer pulse intervals. This improvement enhances the learning capability by amplifying CPL direction discrimination ratios. Leveraging these properties, neural network simulations for neuromorphic applications are conducted, and artificial neural networks are trained for image recognition using the devices as CPL filters, achieving a 92% recognition accuracy. These results signify the beginning of chiral PNS devices communicating with visible CPL based on 2D chiral HOIPs.
A reinforcement learning approach with masked agents for chemical process flowsheet design
Authors: Reynoso‐Donzelli Simone , Ricardez‐Sandoval Luis Alberto
Published: August 2024

This study introduces two novel Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents for the design and optimization of chemical process flowsheets (CPFs): a discrete masked Proximal Policy Optimization (mPPO) and a hybrid masked Proximal Policy Optimization (mHPPO). The novelty of this work lies in the use of masking within the hybrid framework, i.e., the incorporation of expert input or design rules that allows the exclusion of actions from the agent's decision spectrum. This work distinguishes from others by seamlessly integrating masked agents with rigorous unit operations (UOs) models, that is, advanced thermodynamic and conservation balance equations, in its simulation environment to design and optimize CPF. The efficacy of these agents, along with performance comparisons, is evaluated through case studies, including one that employs a chemical engineering simulator such as ASPEN Plus®. The results of these case studies reveal learning on the part of the agents, that is, the agent is able to find viable flowsheet designs that meet the stipulated process flowsheet design requirements, for example, achieve a user‐defined product quality.
Community recruitment of underrepresented populations to the AHEAD 3‐45 preclinical AD trial using novel partnerships with nursing and community‐based organizations: Lessons and outcomes
Authors: Salazar Christian R. , Tallakson Melanie , Corona Maria G. , Duran Edwin , Russ Eunji , Hoang Dan , Romero Romina A. , Sultzer David L. , Grill Joshua D. , Shin Hye‐Won
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects minoritized populations who remain underrepresented in AD trials.

METHODS

We partnered with local nursing community‐based organizations to implement a culturally tailored educational intervention and recruit Hispanic/Latino American, Filipino American, and Korean American adults aged 55 to 80 for the AHEAD study, a preclinical AD trial, at the University of California, Irvine.

RESULTS

We engaged 654 individuals across 21 events, leading to 71 prescreenings: 21.1% Filipino, 11.2% Hispanic/Latino, and 67.6% Korean adults. Ineligibility due to age and language barriers was common among Hispanic/Latino and Korean adults, respectively. Filipino adults often withdrew interest or were lost to follow‐up. Ultimately, 25 participants enrolled: eight Filipino, two Hispanic/Latino, and 15 Korean adults. Tailored, culturally relevant content significantly contributed to the engagement success.

DISCUSSION

This study demonstrates the value and impact of novel partnerships with health‐related provider organizations that provide trusted care and access to underrepresented communities.

Highlights

Six hundred and fifty four underrepresented individuals were reached, and 25 enrolled in the AHEAD 3‐45 trial.

Twenty‐one community events were held via partnerships with nursing and community organizations.

The study engaged 21% Filipino, 11% Hispanic/Latino, 68% Korean adults.

Community‐Based Participatory Research (CBPR) principles enhanced the recruitment process.

Transparent communication and joint planning were key.
Improved Energy Transfer in the Sensitization of Americium Enables Observation of Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Woods Joshua J. , Wacker Jennifer N. , Peterson Appie , Abergel Rebecca J. , Ung Gaël
Published: August 2024

The first example of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from a molecular americium (Am) complex is reported. Coordination of Am(III) by a combination of thenoyltrifluoroacetonate and a chiral diphosphine oxide ligand yielded a complex with strong sensitized metal‐centered luminescence. The energy transfer process for sensitization appears to occur via a unique resonant pathway, which results in the removal of the overlap between ligand phosphorescence and sensitized Am luminescence that has often been observed. Owing to this feature, and despite the limited amount of material that could be used due to the radioactivity of 241Am, CPL could be measured. The collected luminescence and CPL spectra provide insight into the crystal field splitting of the 5D1→7F1 transition. These results pave the way for future studies of Am(III) luminescence to investigate electronic structure effects in this and other 5 f elements.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Sequential ortho‐C‐H Bond Annulation and Desulfonylation of 3‐Aryl‐2H‐benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxides: Access to 1‐Aminoisoquinolines
Authors: Ajay Chidrawar , Balasubramanian Sridhar , Subba Reddy Basi V.
Published: August 2024

An efficient Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H functionalization of 3‐aryl‐2H‐benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxides with diaryl and dialkyl alkynes has been developed for the first time to the synthesis of 1‐aminoisoquinoline derivatives in a single step. This method involves through the formation of one C−C bond and one C−N bond followed by desulfonylation to generate a novel series of isoquinolines in good to excellent yields. This is a direct method to produce pharmaceutically more relevant scaffolds with a high functional diversity.
Detouring NSAID into Mitochondria to Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Mishra Tripti , Goswami Antara , Bajpai Aman , Basu Sudipta
Published: August 2024

In recent years, impairing mitochondria in cancer cells gained attention as alternative cancer therapy. In this context, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory (NSAID) drugs are interesting candidates to damage mitochondria in cancer cells. However, routing NSAIDs specifically into the mitochondria remained a major challenge and less explored. Herein, we have synthesized a small library of Meclofenamic acid and Naproxen derivatives having ester and amide linkage with substituted triphenylphosphonium cations for mitochondria targeting. Screening in cervical cancer (HeLa), breast cancer (MCF7) and colon cancer (HCT‐116) cells revealed a Meclofenamic acid derivative having ester linkage with tri (4‐methoxyphenyl) phosphonium cation (8A3) which induced mitochondrial damage through mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) followed by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the HCT‐116 cells. This 8A3‐mediated mitochondrial impairment triggered apoptosis by inhibiting Cox‐2, reduction in Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xl expression and Caspase‐3/9 cleavage leading to remarkable HCT‐116 cell death. This novel mitochondrion targeted Meclofenamic acid derivative has the potential to be used as a chemical biology tool to understand the role of NSAIDs in mitochondria towards cancer therapy.
Model‐based event‐triggered leaderless consensus control for nonlinear pure‐feedback multi‐agent systems
Authors: Liu Ming‐Rui , Wu Li‐Bing , Chen Ming , Cui Guo‐Fei , Chen Qi
Published: August 2024

This article investigates a model‐based event‐triggered adaptive leaderless consensus control problem for one category of nonlinear pure‐feedback multi‐agent systems (MASs). The implicit function‐based median theorem for decoupling is applied to deal with the over‐fuzzy as well as feedback linearization issues. The feature extraction approach is introduced to solve the difficulty of unequal dimensionality of variables due to the inter‐agents information interaction. Then, by constructing the corresponding adaptive model and utilizing event‐based neural network (NN), a novel distributed design methodology for MAS‐based control input and agent weight‐based dynamic triggering threshold is presented. Through the impulse‐based Lyapunov theory analysis, the designed strategy not just guarantees the stability of the proposed system but then also ensures the boundedness of all signals within the closed‐loop system. Eventually, after verifying the absence of Zeno behavior and ensuring the achievement of the desired consensus tracking, the usefulness of the developed control scheme is justified by a numerical simulation instance.
GC‐MS‐employed Phytochemical Characterization and Anticancer, Antidiabetic, and Antioxidant Activity Screening of Lagerstroemia Thorelli
Authors: Akter Raushanara , Maknun Fariha Luluel , Halder Shimul , Sharmin Shahana , Sabet Taki Ehtesham , Kabir Lihu Imanul , Hamja Tipu Amir , Rubaiyat Muntasir Meem M. M. , Alam Ripa Farhana , Sharmin Sabrina
Published: August 2024

Lagerstroemia thorelli (L. thorelli) is a member of the Lythraceae family and has not been previously researched. Thus, this study aimed to investigate its unexplored potential and identify novel therapeutic prospects. This research evaluated antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic potentials along with compound characterization of the ethanolic leaf extract of L. thorelli. The antioxidant potential was assessed using 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assays, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) determination, antidiabetic property was assessed using α‐amylase inhibition, and the cytotoxic effect was examined on HeLa and Vero cells using MTT colorimetric assay. Chemical characterization was performed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The findings demonstrated strong antioxidant, strong antidiabetic, and moderate cytotoxic activities. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis revealed its abundance in flavonoids, phenols/phenolics, tannins, glycosides, steroids, resin, etc. GC‐MS analysis of the L. thorelli extract identified 80 important compounds including cis‐11‐eicosenamide, beta‐D‐glucopyranoside, methyl‐, alpha‐D‐glucopyranoside, methyl‐, phthalic acid, gamma‐sitosterol, phytol, silicic acid, squalene, butanoic acid, cyclobarbital, etc. which are well‐documented for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. Thus, it can be inferred that L. thorelli could hold new promises in treating diseases like diabetes and free radical‐induced conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.
Acyl‐CoA Synthetase Long‐Chain Isoenzymes in Kidney Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Mishra Swati , Shelke Vishwadeep , Gaikwad Anil Bhanudas
Published: August 2024

Long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetases (ACSLs) are pivotal enzymes in fatty acid metabolism, essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy production. Recent research has uncovered their significant involvement in the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). While ACSL1, ACSL3, ACSL4, and ACSL5 have been extensively studied for their roles in processes such as ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation, renal fibrosis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and tumor progression, the role of ACSL6 in kidney diseases remain largely unexplored. Notably, these isoenzymes exhibit distinct functions in different kidney diseases. Therefore, to provide a comprehensive understanding of their involvement, this review highlights the molecular pathways influenced by ACSLs and their roles in modulating cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis during kidney disease progression. By examining these mechanisms in detail, this review underscores the potential of ACSLs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, advocating for further research to elucidate the precise roles of individual ACSL isoenzymes in kidney disease progression. Understanding these mechanisms opens new avenues for developing targeted interventions and improving therapeutic outcomes for patients with kidney diseases.
Spontaneous atraumatic rupture of the urinary bladder following alcohol intoxication: A rare case report
Authors: Devkota Shritik , Adhikari Sugat , Singh Manbir , Lamichhane Samiksha , Adhikari Dipendra , Koirala Bishal , Bhola Harsha
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Consideration of spontaneous urinary bladder rupture in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain for alcohol‐abusing patients is crucial for ensuring timely surgical intervention and preventing life‐threatening complications due to its high associated morbidity and mortality.

Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder (SRUB) is a rare but critical urological emergency, typically associated with malignancy, neurogenic dysfunction, or previous radiation therapy. Here, we present a unique case of SRUB in a 65‐year‐old chronic alcoholic male who presented with acute lower abdominal pain following heavy alcohol consumption. Initial evaluations revealed leukocytosis, elevated serum creatinine levels, and ultrasound findings suggestive of bladder rupture. Computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis, indicating an intraperitoneal rupture with associated hematoma. Immediate surgical repair was performed, leading to a successful outcome. This case underscores the importance of considering SRUB in patients with acute abdominal pain, especially in the context of alcohol intoxication, and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with this condition. Early recognition and intervention are crucial to prevent life‐threatening complications associated with urinary bladder rupture.