bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Cerebral Infarction After Stripping of Vena Saphena Magna: Case Report
Authors: Ozer Abdullah , Zor Hakan , Demirtas Huseyin , Kilic Yigit
Published: February 2025

Cerebrovascular disease is the most frequent cause of neurological diseases. Embolic infarction is one of the most common causes of stroke. In the majority of patients with cerebral embolism, it is shown that emboli mostly originate from the heart via arterial circulation. Embolism rarely occurs as a paradoxical embolism through atrial / ventricular septal defect (ASD/VSD) or patent foramen ovale (PFO). In our clinical case, cerebral infarction is caused by ASD after vena saphena magna (VSM) stripping. Thirty- four- year- old female patient was admitted with motor and sensory loss at left lower extremity below the knee after stripping of VSM. Detailed neurological examination was done. She had left foot motor deficit, anesthesia of left lower extremity below the knee, impairment of motor strength (0/5 dorsiflexion and plantar flexion) of the left foot. After radiological investigation, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed several, millimetric, nonspecific, nodular signal changes in some parts of bilateral periventricular, subcortical white matter of the brain that showing no diffusion limitation. In systematic examination, atrial septal defect was detected by echocardiography. Patient was treated with anticoagulant therapy. This case highlights detailed cardiological examination should be done in patients with cerebral infarction
Hyperemesis gravidarum, socio-cultural factors and maternal short psychiatric status
Authors: Senturk Mehmet Baki , Turan Kasim , Cakmak Yusuf , Budak Mehmet
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study sought to investigate the associations between Hyperemesis Gravidarum and both sociocultural factors and psychiatric status.
Material and Methods: A prospective non-randomized cohort design was employed. A total of 79 patients with Hyperemesis Gravidarum and 71 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. The study and control groups were compared according to results on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and sociocultural factors specific to the region.
Results: Anxiety, somatic concern, tension, depressive mood, hostility, motor retardation, uncooperativeness, and blunted effect were found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with Hyperemesis Gravidarum(p< 0.01 and p<0.05). Furthermore, pregnant women living in extended families had statistically higher anxiety scores than those residing in nuclear families (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Psychiatric status as well as sociocultural factors specific to the society in which the individuals live should be taken into account in assessments of patients with Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
An unusual reason of abdominal pain: A case of Rapunzel's syndrome and literature review
Authors: Sarsu Sevgi Buyukbese , Kapur Ali
Published: February 2025

Bezoar is defined as a mass formed as a consequence of the accumulation of indigestible foreign substances within the gastric outlet or small bowels with resultant dysfunctional gastric emptying Gastric bezoar extending into the  small or large bowel and causing a clinical condition called Rapunzel syndrome This rare pediatric condition is observed in young girls with psychiatric problems such as trichotilomania, who frequently feel an irresistable desire to pluck out, and swallow their hairs. A 12-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain, growth retardation, and partial hair loss. Endoscopic examination revealed the presence of gastroduodenale trichobezoar, and her giant trichobezoar was extracted using conventional laparotomy, and anterior gastrostomy. With this case representation we reported a case with Rapunzel Syndrome in the light of literature data.
Relation of atherosclerosis risk factors with the number of involved coronary arteries in angiography
Authors: Golmohammadi Ali , Sadeghi Mohammadreza Taban , Bakhshayeshi Mina , Namdar Hossein , Separham Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is the first leading cause of mortality in modern societies and formed the first cause of health expenditure. Male gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, family history of ischemic heart disease, personal history of ischemic heart disease, age, height, weight and smoking are the main risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseases. Despite the abundant existing information about relation of these risk factors and atherosclerosis, there are different results regarding the relationship between these risk factors and the number of involved coronary arteries. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of these risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis with the number of involved coronary artery in angiography.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 300 patients during 8 months in ShahidMadani heart hospital were carried out as convenience sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire including age, sex, weight, height and body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, family history of coronary heart disease, smoking, drug addiction, occupation, place of residence and education were studied. Number of coronary arteries stenosis revealed by angiography. Data were analysed by software 17SPSS, Chi-square test, T test and ANOVA.
Results: A total of 300 patients with a mean age of 63.3±11.2 year were enrolled. Collected data showed that 71% were male, 33.3% smokers, 57.3% hypertensive, 30% diabetic, 27.7% with hyperlipidaemia, 70.34% obese and 14% with a family history of heart disease. Frequency of one, two and three vessel involvement was respectively 30%, 32% and 38%. There was a statistically significant relationship between ages, history of ischemic heart disease with the number of involved coronary artery.  But there was no significant relationship with gender, body mass index, smoking and drug addiction, hypertension, family history of heart disease, location and education level with number of involved coronary artery.
Conclusions: Our study showed that despite the known role of conventional risk factors with the incidence and growth rate of atherosclerosis, but there is no direct correlation with some of these risk factors and the number of involved coronary arteries in coronary angiography
High-riding innominate artery: not so uncommon as expected?
Authors: Gurpinar Berk , Berkiten Guler , Aydogdu Zeynep , Uyar Yavuz
Published: February 2025

Tracheostomy is both an urgent and an elective surgical procedure that is intended to secure the airway and mostly save the life of the affected patient. In elective cases, adequate preparation of the patient and convenience of the surgery reduces the risk on the account of the patient; on the other hand, emergency cases possess the risk of injury to the vital structures.
We present two cases of aberrantly high-riding innominate arteries that reach the thyroid isthmus. To best of our knowledge, this entity is rarely reported in the literature. We believe that, this situation is more frequent than expected. Our aim is to raise awareness of the risk and alert the surgeons to possible risks
Does 18F FDG PET/CT paramaters predict histopathologic response to the neoadjuvant therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer?
Authors: Yersal Ozlem , Cengiz Arzu , Cokpinar Salih , Cetin Nesibe Kahraman , Meydan Nezih , Barutca Sabri , Sen Serdar
Published: February 2025

Objective: Progression-free and overall survival are better correlated with metabolically active tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), as compared to the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in NSCLC patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between the PET-CT parameters and histopathologic tumor regression score in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients after treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.(1)
Methods: This retrospective study evaluated stage III lung cancer patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection at a single institution between 2014 and 2018. The 3-dimensional volumes of interest were drawn in primary tumor and largest lymph node on the pretreatment examination and corresponding location on the post-treatment examination to obtain a pre- and post-treatment SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV and TLG. All hematoxylin- and eosin-stained surgery specimens were assessed based on a 4-tiered scale.
Results: Patients who had lower than 10% histologic response established higher values of SUVmax, in tumor as compared to good responders in basal PET CT assessment (p:0.014). Patients who established higher than 10% pathologic response showed higher reduction rates in terms of SUVmax (p:0.002), mean tumor volume (p:0.024), and total lesion glycolysis (p:0.009). The overall survival for patients with <10% histologic response was 15.26 months while the patients with good histologic response had 35.36 months and the difference was statistical significance (p<0.001). Due to univariate analysis, the higher SUVmax, TLG and MTV reduction have been found in association with better overall survival.
Conclusion: PET CT parameters may be useful to predict histopathologic response for NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy
An uncommon complication in the drainage of a chest wall skin abscess: pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema
Authors: Demirel Mustafa Enes , Mohamed Shukri Said , Ali Ibrahim Hussein , Abdi Abdishakur Mohamed , Koku Naim
Published: February 2025

Skin and soft tissue infections are frequent cases of emergency services. Treatment of these patients is usually performed ambulatory in the form of abscess drainage and oral antibiotic therapy.
In this article, it was aimed to draw attention to the fact that a rib fracture may be seen after abscess drainage made by inexperienced persons and that might lead to presentation with more complicated situation
Correlation of dyspeptic symptoms and endoscopic findings in diabetic patient
Authors: Ramazan Ilyas Oner  , Melih Karincaoglu
Published: February 2025

Objective: We aimed to demonstrate the relationship between the endoscopically increased mucosal damage and the frequency of dyspeptic symptoms in patients with diabetes.
Material and Methods: The 42 diabetic patients with dyspeptic complain and 40 healthy dyspeptic people were involved in this study and evaluated with video endoscopes. Diabetic patients when compared with the control group according to the endoscopic evaluation and Glasgow Dyspepsia Symptom Scoring System no significant difference had been detected.
Results: The symptoms of the diabetic group and the control group were familiar and there was no significant difference between the frequencies of the symptoms in both groups. In dyspeptic diabetic patients a weak correlation between BMI and endoscopically detected hiatal hernia was reported. However there was no relation between BMI and the other gastrointestinal symptoms. Also there was no difference between the patients with neuropathy and without neuropathy in terms of endoscopic findings and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Conclusion: Endoscopic findings of diabetic patient and non-diabetic control group were compared statistically. Although gastric ulcus was significantly higher in diabetic group, there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of other endoscopic findings. Hovewer, gastric ulcus frequency in diabetic group is higher,  there were no significant difference in terms of gastrointestinal symptoms, diabetic complications and glisemic control in patients with other endoscopic lesions when compared with the patients with gastric ulcus. Hiatal hernia frequency in diabetic patients was higher due to control group. In shed light on our findings, diabetic patients must be evaluated for the esophageal reflux symptoms.
Stereotactic radiotherapy for patients with metallic implants on vertebral body: A dosimetric comparison
Authors: Yasemin Guzle Adas  , Omer Yazici  , Esra Kekilli  , Ferat Kiran
Published: February 2025

Objective: Metallic implants have impacts on dose distribution of radiotherapy. Our purpose is evaluating impact of metallic implants with different dose calculation algorithms on dose distribution.
Material and Methods: Two patients with metallic implants on vertebral body were included in this study. They were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. The data of the patients were retrospectively re-calculated with different TPSs and calculation algorithms. Ray-Tracing (Ry-Tc), Monte-Carlo (MC), Acuros XB (AXB) and analytical anisotropic algorithms (AAA) were compared.
Results: Ry-Tc, AAA and AXB underestimated minimum and maximum doses of target volumes and critical organs compared with MC.
Conclusion: MC seems more reliable for dose calculations in patients with metallic implants but more studies with more number of patients should be done to identify the best dose calculation algorithm for patients with metallic implants.
Effect of Breathing Exercises on Fatigue Dimensions in Patients with COPD
Authors: Ghanbari Atefeh , Shirmohamadi Nasim , Paryad Ezzat , Bazghale Milad , Mohammadpourhodki Reza
Published: February 2025

Objective:  Fatigue is known as an important and multidimensional symptom in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is one of the effective ways to reduce fatigue and improve the quality of life in patients with COPD. However, equal recovery to all dimensions of fatigue is unclear after the rehabilitation program. This study aims to determine the effect of breathing exercises on the fatigue dimensions in patients with COPD
Method: This study aimed to determine the effect of breathing exercises on fatigue dimensions in patients with COPD. The population in this clinical-trial research included 70 COPD patients who had been hospitalized in the Thorax Ward of Razi Hospital in Rasht. The samples were divided into two groups of 35 subjects, by which the control group was tried to be in a separate room from the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the breathing exercises program where the patients were asked to perform their respiratory exercises 4 times a day for 10 days. The control group received the routine care. Dimensions of fatigue (physical, general, mental, reduced activity, and reduced motivation) were measured and compared in both groups. SPSS (version 21) was used to analyze the data and descriptive and inferential tests were used.
Results: There were significant statistical improvements in mean score of fatigue dimensions after breathing exercises, general fatigue (p=0.0001), physical exhaustion (p=0.0001), reduced activity (p=0.0001) and reduced motivation (p=0.0001), but there was no significant difference in mental fatigue. Predictors of changes in total fatigue score, breathing exercises (p<0.0001) and Salbutamol spray (p<0.013) were considered as two factors affecting fatigue score changes in multiple analysis.
Conclusion: According to the obtained findings, breathing exercises are effective in many dimensions of fatigue as a non-pharmacological, low-cost, and safe method in care-and-treatment process in patients with COPD, but their effect on mental fatigue, as an important dimension, requires different plans and designs in doing breathing exercises
What is the amniotomy effect on non stress test in patients meconium stained amniotic fluid?
Authors: Buyuk Gul Nihal , Kahyaoglu Serkan , Esgin Merve Didem , Tutkun Ceren , Kose Caner , Ustun Yaprak
Published: February 2025

Objective: Meconium stained amniotic fluid is a frequently encountered situation, it can really disturb an obstetrician, as it increases the rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality and it is difficult to prevent meconium passage in utero. Noninvasive tests are needed to predict the meconium staining of the amnion fluid without making amniotomy or making a fetal invasive procedure. Non stress test is a commonly used method to determine the status of intrapartum fetal wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to predict fetal meconium release during labor by examining the fetal heart rate traces without performing an amniotomy procedure.
Materials and Methods: A total of 280 patients who have been diagnosed with active labor were included in the study. 140 of them demonstrated meconium stained fluid and 140 of them clear amniotic fluid. The patients’ labor courses have been watched and non-stress test results have been recorded besides obstetric outcomes.
Results: Non-stress tests performed before amniotomy; 52 (37.1%) of the non-stress tests in the meconium group were non-reactivated, whereas in the control group this count was 19 (13.5%) before amniotomy. When we accepted the deceleration entity as fetal distress; fetal distress was seen in 62(44.3%) of the patients in the meconium group and in 21(15.1%) of the patients in the control group.
Conclusion: In the presence of non-reactive non stress test pattern; we should be suspicious of meconium-stained amniotic fluid. In this case, caution should be taken in terms of fetal distress.
Sexual abuse and accepting attitudes towards intimate partner rape in Uganda
Authors: Nakyazze Brendah , Österman Karin , Björkqvist Kaj
Published: February 2025

Objective:  The aim was to study sexual abuse, accepting attitudes towards intimate partner rape and psychological concomitants in intimate partner relationships in Uganda.
Method: A questionnaire was completed by 315 respondents (174 females and 141 males). The mean age for females was 31.7 years (SD = 10.3) and 33.6 (SD = 12.4) for males.
Results: Females scored significantly higher than males on victimisation from aggression due to denial of sex, victimisation from sexual abuse, and psychological concomitants of intimate partner rape. The acceptance rate for rape in intimate relationships was high, only one percent among females and two percent among males reported zero tolerance. Victimisation from sexual abuse as well as psychological concomitants of intimate partner rape were significantly higher among respondents who had completed only primary school compared to those with a higher education. Accepting attitudes towards rape in intimate relationships were positively correlated with age, no sex differences were found. Respondents with higher educational levels reported significantly lower levels of acceptance of intimate partner rape. For females, but not for males, accepting attitudes correlated positively with both victimisation and psychological concomitants.
Conclusions: Victimisation from sexual abuse, psychological concomitants and accepting attitudes towards intimate partner rape were all related to low educational level. Reasons for the high levels of accepting attitudes towards intimate partner rape especially among female victims are discussed.
Developing Hemophagocytic Syndrome during the transformation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Case reports of t(7;14), t(14;19) and deletion of 17 p
Authors: Tiryaki Tarik Onur , Genc Sezen , Ozan Gulcin Bagatir , Cefle Kivanc , Yegen Gulcin , Dogan Oner , Nalcaci Meliha , Palandüz Şükrü
Published: February 2025

Objective: Chronic lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in adults. Clinical findings may broad range vary. Detecting some deletions using the FISH method may help us to foresee the progression of the disease and to choose a better treatment method in healing the patient.
Case: In this case report, we will present you a CLL patient with t(7;14), t(14;19) and  17p deletions, which are known for bad prognosis, developing autoimmune hemolytic anemia which is refractor to the treatment. This patient unfortunately died due to a clinical form of hemophagocytic syndrome including prolymphocytic transformation.
T-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with myelodysplasia: A case report in a child
Authors: Reis Gokce Pinar , Bahadir Aysenur , Erduran Erol
Published: February 2025

Objective: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal bone marrow disease characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis. MDS patients have cytopenia. The risk of acute leukemia, and particularly of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), is the most important characteristic of the disease. Myelodysplasia associated with NHL has been rarely described in the literature. This is suggested to be due to the defect in the immune system, an up-regulation of some cytokines, and a common molecular origin.
Case: In this case report article, we reported a 7-year-old pediatric NHL case with a normal karyotype and myelodysplasia in the bone marrow and discussed the pathogenesis of the association of NHL and myelodysplasia.
Evaluation of the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and extended period of leg cramps in pregnant women
Authors: Karli Pervin
Published: February 2025

Objective: At least one-third of pregnant women suffer from leg cramps. While the cause of these leg cramps is not fully understood, it starts during the third trimester, likely due to pregnancy-related physiological changes. The relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and leg cramps has been evaluate in this research.
Methods: The study included 95 pregnant patients who visited our gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic in January 2017 during weeks 24–39 of their pregnancies. Demographic characteristics, vitamin supplement use, and other factors that might have affected the 25(OH)D levels of the participating pregnant women were recorded.
Results: A statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) was found in the serum 25(OH)D levels between the patients who did and did not use supplemental 25(OH)D. A statistically significant difference was found in the groups of pregnant women regarding 25(OH)D levels and weight 69.60 ± 2.43 ng/dl among the patients who did not use supplemental 25(OH)D compared to 77.69 ± 2.20 ng/dl for those who did; p < 0.0162). There was no significant difference between the 25(OH)D serum levels and the number of cramps. A significant difference was found between the intensity and duration of the cramps and the number and duration of the cramps (p < 0.029 and p < 0.0001, respectively).
Conclusion: The use of supplemental 25(OH)D did not have a statistically significant effect on the occurrence of pregnancy-related leg cramps. The 25(OH)D levels were higher in the that supplemental 25(OH)D used group. A significant difference was found between the pregnant women’s weight and the occurrence of leg cramps (p < 0.0162). Vitamin D supplements may be used to prevent long period leg cramps for pregnant woman’s.
The effect of emotional intelligence on anger management among anesthesiologists, surgeons and internal medicine physicians
Authors: Sen Bulent , Sen Selda , Kurum Simge Alkut , Omurlu Imran Kurt
Published: February 2025

Objective: Anger management among health professionals can lead to chaos in the hospital or operating room if administered poorly. Aim of the study is to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence level on anger control in physicians.
Material and Methods: Emotional intelligence (Reuven Bar-On) and anger control questionnaire (Spielberger) were performed on the voluntary physicians.
Results: The 188 voluntary physicians (internal medicine physicians n= 67, surgeons n= 64, anesthesiologists n= 57) were included in the study. Emotional intelligence and continuous anger scales did not differ between the three groups whereas the scores of external anger in surgeons and internal anger (repressed anger) in anesthesiologists were higher. Stress endurance in the surgical group, problem-solving and empathy in anesthesiologists and social responsibility in the internal physicians group were prominent. A positive correlation was observed between emotional intelligence and age, hobbies, physical activity and anger control, while there was negative correlation with external anger scores. Total group was divided into two groups in terms of age. In the group over 35 years old, the scores of continuous anger and external anger were lower, whereas the emotional intelligence was higher.
Conclusion: We conclude that emotional intelligence is effective in anger management. Higher age, more occupational experience, being more activities and having hobbies may be associated with better emotional intelligence and anger management in anesthesiologists and surgeons under stress in the operating room and internal physicians as well.
Neuroprotective Effects of Boric Acid against Fluoride Toxicity on Rat Synaptosomes
Authors: Hacıoğlu Ceyhan , Kar Fatih , Senturk Hakan , Kanbak Gungor
Published: February 2025

Objective: Fluoride toxicity primarily contributes to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen derivatives, trigger the cell death pathways by causing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Boric acid (BA) contributes to preservation of membrane integrity and function and maintenance of redox balance due to its high affinity to some metabolites in the organism. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of BA on neurodegenerative processes against the toxic effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) administered at different doses on rat brain synaptosomes.
Material and Methods: Synaptosomes obtained from the rat frontal cortex were administered at different doses of sodium fluoride (NaF) to determine the most toxic dose of NaF. Determined toxic dose of NaF for synaptosomes and BA concentrations were administered in vitro at 37°C for 30min and then the parameters of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Na/K ATPase activity and DNA fragmentation value were measured spectrophotometrically.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between measured parameters, when the 80mg/L NaF group was compared with the control group. We found that 10 and 25 mM BA treatment provided a significant improvement in MDA, SOD, Na/K ATPase and DNA fragmentation compared to the 80mg/L NaF group. The 5 mM BA concentration was not found effective dose according to other doses.
Conclusion: In conclusion, BA has potential for neuroprotective effects against cellular damage caused by NaF.  The results suggest that the BA can be a neuroprotective therapeutic agent for fluoride toxicity.
Henoch Schönlein Purpura in children: Clinical features and risk factors for renal involvement
Authors: Fedakar Atiye
Published: February 2025

Objective:  This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory features of children diagnosed with Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP), risk factors of renal involvement and their effect on prognosis.
Methods: A total of 80 pediatric HSP patients (44 males and 36 females) between ages 2 to 13 (average age 7.68±3.09) admitted to the Pediatrics Clinic and follow-up cases from the Pediatric Rheumatology and Nephrology Clinic of the Istanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, between April 1998 and June 2003 were enrolled for the study. In order to precisely evaluate glomerular and tubular function, urinary β 2 microglobulin, microalbumin and tubular reabsorption of phosphorus (TRP) were determined.
Results: A retrospective evaluation of the HSP patients showed that 26 (32.5%) had symptoms of renal impairment.  In terms of renal function, 20 (25%) out of the 54 asymptomatic children initially subjected to routine renal tests had renal involvement. In terms of age, there was a significant difference (p < 0.016) in developing renal involvement between patients above 5 years old and those younger than 5 years. 
Conclusion: It was therefore suggested that long-term follow-ups in addition to examinations such as routine kidney function tests, tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) and microalbumin levels should be conducted in order to detect the early phase of renal damage.
Pseudobulbar affect prevalence in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Demir Serkan , Koskderelioglu Asli , Karaoglan Mustafa , Gedizlioglu Muhtesem , Togrol Rifat Erdem
Published: February 2025

Objective: Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is characterized by uncontrolled crying or laughing attacks which are usually socially inappropriate. The estimated prevalence in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) ranges from 10% to 46.2%. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of PBA in the Turkish MS population. Also, we aimed to estimate whether there was gender preference or coexistent depression.
Material and Methods: We used the Center for Neurologic Study - Lability Scale (CNS-LS) for this study. We included patients who were followed up at our outpatient clinic of Sultan Abdulhamid Han Education and Research Hospital with definitive diagnosis of MS at least for one year. The total number of patients was 328. 60.4% were women (198/328) and 39.6% were men (130/328). Descriptive statistical methods, student t test and chi-square tests were used for the analysis by using SPSS. The prevalence of PBA in the Turkish MS population was 39.6%. 34.6% of the men with MS had PBA; whereas 42.9% of the women with MS had PBA (p=0.132). The incidence of PBA was 48.1% in MS patients with depression and 38% in those without depression (p=0.175).
Results: As a result of t-test applied it was understood that depression did not significantly contribute to PBA frequency. The average depression test score was 13.28 in non-depressed, 17.85 in others. Furthermore, there was a difference between pathological laughing and pathological crying (p<0.05). Also, in both gender pathological laughing laughter was more and the difference was significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our study revealed the increased frequency of PBA in MS patients. Gender and having depression did not make a significant difference on the PBA prevalence. However, depression significantly increased PBA test scores
The effects of TGN-020 on penicillin induced epileptiform activity in rats
Authors: Akyuz Enes , Pala Mukaddes , Kozan Ramazan , Kose Hayrullah
Published: February 2025

Objective: Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) is a water channel protein which is the most abundant aquaporin isoform in the brain. Recent studies indicate the relationship between AQP-4 with epileptogenesis. Therefore, we examined the potential effect of the AQP-4 inhibitor TGN-020 on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats.
Material and Method: Epileptiform activity was induced by intracortical (i.c.) administration of penicillin (200 IU, 1 μl). TGN-020, at doses of 25 µg, 50 µg, 100 µg and 200 µg, was administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) 30 minutes after penicillin injection. The epileptiform activity was verified by electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings. Twenty four hours later, animals are decapitated for the collection of blood samples and brain tissue.
Results: The dose of 100 µg TGN-020 decreased the mean spike frequency of epileptiform activity in the 30 min after the injection without changing the amplitude (p < 0.05). Serum neuropeptide Y level was up-regulated by 25 µg TGN-020 in comparison with the other groups (p<0.001). Plasma levels of calcineurin in the 50 µg dose of TGN-020 were lower than 25 µg and 200 µg doses of TGN-020(p<0.01). Enzymatic ativity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) in brain tissue was higher in the penicillin and 25 µg TGN-020 group compared with the sham group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Given all these data, the anticonvulsant effect of TGN-020 which is aquaporin-4 water channel inhibitor in the brain has been studied extensively for the first time in an experimental model of epilepsy. Inhibition of AQP-4 might be useful in the treatment of epilepsy in future.
Family history in chronic psychotic disorders
Authors: Şahin Şengül , Elboğa Gülçin
Published: February 2025

Objective: Psychosis is a set of symptoms that consist of delusions, hallucinations an thought disorders. In DSM 5, psychoses were collected under the title of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of a family history of psychiatric disorders in patients with chronic psychosis and to examine the groups of these psychiatric disorders.
Material and Methods: A total of 282 patients with chronic psychosis, defined by DSM- 5diagnostic criteria, were included in this study. Sociodemographic parameters and family history of chronic psychosis patients were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.3 years, the mean age of onset of the disease was 22.8 years and the mean number of hospitalizations was 5.78 years. Patient group consisted of 94 (33.3%) males and 188 (66.7%) females. 48.6% (137/282) of patients with chronic psychosis had a history of psychiatric disorder in their first-degree relatives. In the diagnostic groups, there were 1.8% (5/282) schizoaffective disorder, 18.4% (52/282) schizophrenia, 6% (17/282) bipolar disorder, 5.7% (16/232) major depression, 13% , 8 (39/282) unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder, 2.5% (7/282) mental retardation, 0.4% (1/232) obsessive-compulsive disorder family history.
Conclusion: This study provides a platform for future studies to contribute to the development of early intervention and prevention approaches in populations at risk for further clarification of the role of family history in individuals with a family history
Determination of platelet count and platelet indices in canine parvoviral enteritit
Authors: Koenhemsi Lora
Published: February 2025

Objective:  Canine parvoviruses (CPV) are DNA viruses with symptoms that can cause death in young dogs. The aim of this study was to characterize platelet count and platelet indices at the time of diagnosis of CPV and to assess the correlation between PLT, RBC, and WBC with platelet indices.
Materials and Methods: The current study included 26 dogs with Parvo and 11 healthy dogs.
Results: When the haemogram values were compared statistically, no difference was observed. Positive correlation was found between  Mean platelet volume (MPV) and Platelet distribution width (PDW).
Conclusions: Platelet and platelet indices may not be important in the diagnosis and prognosis of CPV. Further studies on this issue are of importance in terms of understanding the PLT indices in viral disease in animals.
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of cystic soft tissue lesions and end tissue metamorphosis-a three year study
Authors: Thapa Ragini Thapa , Beniwal Rajveer Singh , Ganguly Prosenjit
Published: February 2025

Objective: Superficial soft-tissue masses may be seen in clinical practice, but a systematic approach may help to achieve a definitive diagnosis or differential diagnosis for soft tissue lesions. The cystic lesions constitute a heterogeneous group with highly varied etiology, cytology and diversified histopathology. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of FNAC diagnosis of varied cystic lesions of soft tissue lesions by comparing with the radiological and histopathology diagnosis.
Materials and methods: Fine needle aspirations were done using a 22-24 gauge disposable needle and a 5cc to 10 cc disposable syringe for suction. Wet-fixed smears with isopropyl alcohol were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HxE). Dry-fixed smears were stained with Leishman Giemsa along with Papanicolaou stains (PAP) were studied for cytological details and diagnosis. The excised surgical specimen and biopsy samples of the cases were processed routinely and stained with HxE and immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel was applied.
Results: Examined cystic soft-tissue masses were found as superficial (82%) and deep (18%). Superficial lesions were categorized into mesenchymal tumors, skin appendage lesions, tumor like lesions, pseudoudo tumoural soft tissue lesions or parasitic /inflammatory lesions. Deeper lesions with cystic presentation were mostly (74%) malignant. The differential diagnosis was done according to the age of the patient, anatomic location of the lesion, salient imaging features and clinical manifestations.
Conclusion: Although the fine needle aspiration cytology of the cystic lesions, imaging characteristics of the lesions discussed are not always corresponding to the histopathologic findings what we assume, combining them with lesion location and clinical features may allow the diagnosticians to suggest a specific diagnosis in most cases.
Which of the direct acting anti-viral agents is the better drug in terms of efficacy, cost and safety, Boceprevir or Telaprevir?
Authors: Aziz Mark
Published: February 2025

Objective:  Hepatitis C virus can cause chronic hepatitis with 20-30% of those infected are developing liver cirrhosis and some developing hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a global health problem with 130-170 million people infected worldwide. The current treatment uses pegylated interferon and Ribavirin. As of 2011, two new drugs have been approved in the U.S.A and Europe, the protease inhibitors Boceprevir and Telaprevir. The aim of this structured review is to investigate which of these two new drugs is better in terms of efficacy, safety and cost. A literature search was conducted using various primary and secondary sources. A database search was conducted to find three journals for critical review.
Conclusion: The articles showed that the two drugs are equally effective and more effective than standard therapy. Boceprevir is potentially significantly cheaper. Boceprevir may also have a slightly better adverse effects profile. However, it is evident that direct clinical trials comparing the two drugs are required.
Cutaneous sporotrichosis with dermoscopic features: A case report
Authors: Acar Emine Müge , Günay Ümran , Elmas Ömer Faruk , Şirin Serpil Çorum , Kilitci Asuman
Published: February 2025

Objective:  Sporotrichosis is a fungal skin infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii. We report a 70- year-old female presenting with an erythematous nodule on her right forefinger after a rose thorn prick.
Material and Methods: The nodule was histopathologically diagnosed as sporotrichosis. Dermoscopy of the nodule revealed structureless white areas with a lobular arrangement, prominent scaling, blood spots, and polymorphous vessels including coiled, punctate and looped vessels. Dermoscopy has opened a new horizon in the diagnosis of skin infections in recent years.
Conclusion: The dermoscopic features of sporotrichosis have not yet been reported as far as we are aware. We believe that coexistence of the above features, which could be thought to be nonspecific when seen separately, may be of diagnostic significance and a helpful tool in the diagnosis of cutaneous sporotrichosis.
The effect of injury type and location on the prognosis of the patients with open globe injuries
Authors: Dogan Cezmi , Mergen Burak , Seda Sert  , Tezcan Gulsah , Busenur Gonen  , Guleser Umit Yasar , Arslan Osman Sevki
Published: February 2025

Objective:  Investigation of the effect of the globe injury site and the globe injury type on the postoperative results in the patients with a relatively softer open globe injury (OGI) was aimed.
Methods: Medical records of the patients with OGI due to blunt or penetrating trauma were analyzed retrospectively. The patient cohort was divided into laceration and rupture groups. The location of injury was evaluated in zones (I-II-III). Presence and type of the complication (cataract, retinal detachment, etc.) were evaluated. Final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated as the primary outcome measure.
Results: Seventy eyes of 70 patients with OGI were included in the study. While 58 eyes (82.9%) had lacerations, 12 eyes (17.1%) had ruptures. Among the 52 patients with lacerations for whom there was an available BCVA data, 13 (25%) patients showed no change, 32 (61.5%) showed an increase, and 7 (13.5%) showed a decrease in BCVA. Among the 11 patients with ruptures, 2 (18.2%) patients showed no change and 9 (81.8%) showed an increase in BCVA. A complication was observed in 23 (44.2%) patients with laceration and 4 (33.3%) patients with rupture (p: 0.474). No difference was detected in terms of the complication rate between the patients having a different zone of injury. However, final BCVA was lower in those with Zone III injury in comparison to those with Zone II injury (p: 0.028).
Conclusion: Although the injury type was thought to have an effect on the final BCVA of the patients with OGI, no difference was detected between the patients with laceration and rupture. Zone III injuries resulted in lower preoperative BCVA values. However, despite a significant difference between Zone II and III injuries, no significant difference was observed in terms of the final BCVA between the patients with Zone I and those with Zone III injuries.
OPTIMISING RESOURCE-EFFICIENT LAND USE THROUGH GIS-BASED ZONING AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Ayomide D Akinyemi  , Gerald Chekwube Ezeamii  , Andy Osagie Egogo-Stanley  , Oluwatosin Michael Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Resource-efficient land-use planning is quite of significance within urban areas, especially because it discourages resource exploitation and facilitates proper spatial organisation of population and resources. Studies indicate that the absence of efficient resource-efficient land-use planning frameworks in urban regions have instigated resource exploitation, biodiversity degradation and the unregulated expansion of the urban population to the detriment of land resources. However, the emergence and commonization of GIS-based zoning and spatial analysis has made the optimisation of land-use more efficient and quite feasible for a more expanded purpose. Therefore, this review paper aims to highlight viable GIS-based techniques for zoning, density mapping, and green space allocation to enhance resource-efficient land use planning in urban areas, especially those with constrained resources. To achieve this aim, the paper adopts an integrative review approach and a desk research method to synthesize the findings of multiple studies across the purview of the research interest. The findings of the paper pinpoints categorically that urban land-use planners and stakeholders need to do more in the areas of resource-efficient land use through zoning and spatial analysis. Thus, the research proffers practical recommendations for urban land-use planners and other stakeholders seeking to optimize resource-efficient land use for sustainable urban growth.
KEYWORDS: Efficient, GIS, Land Use, Resource
Features of the transport services market functioning during martial arts
Authors:   State Biotechnological University, Gorodetska Tetiana , Kravtsov Andriі , Tulenko Ihor ,   State Biotechnological University
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the functioning of the transport services market under martial law to determine the impact of military actions on the demand and supply of transport services and changes in logistics chains, as well as to assess the adaptation of transport companies to new conditions. The study’s relevance is due to the importance of ensuring the stable functioning of the transport infrastructure in emergencies. It requires further development of theoretical and practical recommendations to support the stable functioning of the transport services market under martial law, optimize transport flows, and ensure transport safety. The article examines the features of the functioning of the transport services market under martial law, which are determined by the instability of the economic situation, increased risks, and variability of demand. It is determined that martial law significantly affects logistics chains, infrastructure, dynamics of demand for transportation, and their geographical structure. The paper focuses on key problems, including the destruction of transport infrastructure, disruptions in the supply of material resources, changes in freight and passenger flows, and reduction in international transportation. The main challenges and restrictions affecting the entire functioning of the transport services market during martial law are systematized by type of transport. The leading indicators of the functioning of the transport services market are analyzed, as well as the adaptation of the transport sector to new challenges, which include route optimization, reorientation to alternative modes of transport, and the introduction of digital technologies to improve logistics efficiency. Changes in the structure of demand for transport services are studied: the growth of the importance of humanitarian aid transportation, military cargo, and domestic transportation in conditions of limited access to international markets. Factors influencing the functioning of the transport services market of Ukraine during the war are identified. The consequences for business are also considered: a reduction in the volume of commercial transportation, the need for rapid adaptation to changes, and the growing role of small and medium-sized businesses in supporting local logistics networks. Special attention is paid to the prospects for developing the transport services market after the end of martial law. The need for infrastructure modernization, investment attraction, and improvement of state support mechanisms is emphasized. Conclusions are drawn regarding the importance of international cooperation in restoring logistics connections and integration into global transport systems.

Keywords: transport, transport services market, freight transportation, passenger transportation, transport infrastructure.
Starzenie się układu odpornościowego człowieka. Czy to zawsze jest dysfunkcja?
Authors: Witkowski Jacek M. , Bryl Ewa
Published: February 2025

Individual chronological aging is generally associated with reduction of effectiveness of the immune system, resulting mainly in increased morbidity of infectious and neoplastic diseases and their severity, and in reduced effectiveness of vaccinations. However, it is not an absolute truth and sometimes the immune system-related processes called inflammaging and immunosenescence may be adaptive and beneficial, and may lead to or participate in attaining longevity.
THE ROLE OF AUDIT IN ENSURING TRANSPARENCY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine, Skyba Hanna , Tsimoshynska Oksana ,   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine, Neskhodovskyi Illia ,   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2025

This article explores the important role of auditing in ensuring the transparency of financial reporting in today’s era of business digitalization. The proliferation of digital technologies and the use of Big Data promote rapid information exchange and make financial data more accessible to users. This, in turn, creates new challenges and opportunities for auditing. Audit services are faced with the task of adapting traditional control methods to new digital tools, which enable not only quicker analysis of reports but also real-time risk detection. Digitalization strengthens the requirements for transparency and reliability of financial data, as the level of trust from stakeholders—investors, creditors, partners, and regulatory bodies—depends on it. Transparent and accurate financial reporting is a key factor in making investment decisions and assessing business stability. Under such conditions, auditing becomes a critical tool that ensures financial reporting accurately reflects the actual financial state of enterprises and enhances the quality of information for decision-making. Given the constant implementation of new digital solutions, auditors must possess not only financial knowledge but also skills in using modern digital tools to effectively perform their duties. Thus, in the context of business digital transformation, auditing plays an increasingly important role by adapting processes to new challenges and needs of the current information environment, thereby contributing to the transparency and reliability of financial reporting.