bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective validation of a new volumetric capnography parameter for the exclusion of pulmonary embolism at the emergency department
Authors: Fabius Timon M. , Eijsvogel Michiel M.M. , Brusse-Keizer Marjolein G.J. , Sanchez Olivier M. , Verschuren Franck , de Jongh Frans H.C.
Published: December 2018

Volumetric capnography might be used to exclude pulmonary embolism (PE) without the need for computed tomography pulmonary angiography. In a pilot study, a new parameter (CapNoPE) combining the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled per breath (carbon dioxide production (VCO2)), the slope of phase 3 of the volumetric capnogram (slope 3) and respiratory rate (RR) showed promising diagnostic accuracy (where CapNoPE=(VCO2×slope 3)/RR).

To retrospectively validate CapNoPE for the exclusion of PE, the volumetric capnograms of 205 subjects (68 with PE) were analysed, based on a large multicentre dataset of volumetric capnograms from subjects with suspected PE at the emergency department. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and diagnostic accuracy of the in-pilot established threshold (1.90 Pa·min) were calculated. CapNoPE was 1.56±0.97 Pa·min in subjects with PEversus2.51±1.67 Pa·min in those without PE (p<0.001). The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.714 (95% CI 0.64–0.79). For the cut-off of ≥1.90 Pa·min, sensitivity was 64.7%, specificity was 59.9%, the negative predictive value was 77.4% and the positive predictive value was 44.4%.

The CapNoPE parameter is decreased in patients with PE but its diagnostic accuracy seems too low to use in clinical practice.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Ras-ERK1/2 signaling contributes to the development of colorectal cancer via regulating H3K9ac
Authors: Tian Peng , Zhu Yanfei , Zhang Chao , Guo Xinyu , Zhang Peng , Xue Huanzhou
Published: December 2018

Backgrounds/aims

Ras is a control switch of ERK1/2 pathway, and hyperactivation of Ras-ERK1/2 signaling appears frequently in human cancers. However, the molecular regulation following by Ras-ERK1/2 activation is still unclear. This work aimed to reveal whether Ras-ERK1/2 promoted the development of colorectal cancer via regulating H3K9ac.

Methods

A vector for expression of K-Ras mutated at G12 V and T35S was transfected into SW48 cells, and the acetylation of H3K9 was measured by Western blot analysis. MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation and RT-qPCR were performed to detect whether H3K9ac was contributed to K-Ras-mediated cell growth and migration. Furthermore, whether HDAC2 and PCAF involved in modification of H3K9ac following Ras-ERK1/2 activation were studied.

Results

K-Ras mutated at G12 V and T35S induced a significant activation of ERK1/2 signaling and a significant down-regulation of H3K9ac. Recovering H3K9 acetylation by using a mimicked H3K9ac expression vector attenuated the promoting effects of Ras-ERK1/2 on tumor cells growth and migration. Besides, H3K9ac can be deacetylated by HDAC2 and MDM2-depedent degradation of PCAF.

Conclusion

H3K9ac was a specific target for Ras-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. H3K9 acetylation can be modulated by HDAC2 and MDM2-depedent degradation of PCAF. The revealed regulation provides a better understanding of Ras-ERK1/2 signaling in tumorigenesis.
Detection of Relapse by Tumor Markers Versus Imaging in Children and Adolescents With Nongerminomatous Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Fonseca Adriana , Xia Caihong , Lorenzo Armando J. , Krailo Mark , Olson Thomas A. , Pashankar Farzana , Malogolowkin Marcio H. , Amatruda James F. , Billmire Deborah F. , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Frazier A. Lindsay , Shaikh Furqan
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE

To investigate relapse detection methods among children and adolescents with nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and to determine whether tumor markers alone might be sufficient for surveillance.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed all patients enrolled in a phase III, single-arm trial for low-risk and intermediate-risk MGCTs. The method used to detect relapse was assessed based on case report forms, tumor markers, imaging, and pathology reports. Relapses were classified into one of two categories on the basis of whether they were (1) detectable by tumor marker elevation or (2) not detectable by tumor markers.

RESULTS

A total of 302 patients were enrolled, and 284 patients had complete data for review. Seven patients had normal tumor markers at initial diagnosis, and none experienced a relapse. At a median follow-up of 5.3 years, 48 patients (16.9%) had experienced a relapse. After central review, 47 of 48 relapses (98%) were detected by tumor marker elevation. Of the 47 patients, 16 (33.3%) had abnormal tumor markers with normal/unknown imaging, 31 patients (64.6%) had abnormal tumor markers with abnormal imaging, and one patient (2.1%) had abnormal imaging with unknown marker levels at relapse.

CONCLUSION

Tumor marker elevation is a highly sensitive method of relapse surveillance, at least among children and adolescents with tumor marker elevation at initial diagnosis. Eliminating exposure to imaging with ionizing radiation may enhance the safety of relapse surveillance in patients treated for MGCT.
E-cadherin, actin, microtubules and FAK dominate different spheroid formation phases and important elements of tissue integrity
Authors: Smyrek I. , Mathew B. , Fischer S. C. , Lissek S. M. , Becker S. , Stelzer E. H. K.
Published: December 2018

Spheroids resemble features of tissues and serve as model systems to study cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions in non-adhesive three-dimensional environments. Although it is generally accepted that mature spheroids resemble tissue properties very well, no studies relate different phases in the spheroid formation processes that contribute to tissue integrity. Tissue integrity involves the cellular processes adhesion formation, adhesion reinforcement, rearrangement as well as proliferation. They maintain the structure and function of tissues and, upon dysregulation, contribute to malignancy. We investigated spheroid formation dynamics in cell lines of different metastatic potential. We dissected spheroid formation into phases of aggregation, compaction and growth to identify the respective contributions of E-cadherin, actin, microtubules and FAK. E-cadherin, actin and microtubules drive the first two phases. Microtubules and FAK are involved in the proliferation phase. FAK activity correlates with the metastatic potential of the cells. A robust computational model based on a very large number of experiments reveals the temporal resolution of cell adhesion. Our results provide novel hypotheses to unveil the general mechanisms that contribute to tissue integrity.
Influence of substrate orientation on tadpoles feeding efficiency
Authors: Annibale Fabiane Santana , de Sousa Verônica Thiemi Tsutae , de Sousa Carlos Eduardo , Venesky Matthew D. , Rossa-Feres Denise de Cerqueira , Nomura Fausto , Wassersug Richard J.
Published: December 2018

In nature, tadpoles encounter food on substrates oriented at different angles (e.g. vertically along stems, horizontally on the bottom). We manipulated the orientation of food-covered surfaces to test how different orientations of surfaces affect tadpoles’ feeding efficiency. We studied taxa that differed in the oral morphology of their larvae and position in the water column. We hypothesized that species would differ in their ability to graze upon surfaces at different orientations and that differences in the tadpoles’ feeding ability would result in different growth rates for the species.

The orientation of food-covered surfaces did not affect the growth rate of species with bottom-dwelling tadpoles (whose growth rate varied only between species). Among species with midwater tadpoles, some appear to have a generalist strategy and experienced a high relative growth rate on numerous substrate orientations whereas others achieved high growth rates only on flat substrates (i.e. at 0° and 180°).

We conclude that oral morphology constrains tadpoles’ ability to feed at different substrate orientations, and this could lead to niche partitioning in structurally complex aquatic environments. Because physical parameters of the environment can affect tadpoles’ growth rate, characterizing these features might help us better understanding how competition structures tadpole assemblages.
Treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin prevents mechanical allodynia in resiniferatoxin neuropathy in a mouse model
Authors: Lin Chih-Lung , Chang Chin-Hong , Chang Ying-Shuang , Lu Shui-Chin , Hsieh Yu-Lin
Published: December 2018

Specialized microdomain which is cholesterol-rich membrane regions contains transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is involved in pain development. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the depletion of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), a membrane-bound ectonucleotidase, and disordered adenosine signaling reduce the antinociceptive effect. The role of membrane integrity in the PAP-mediated antinociceptive effect in small-fiber neuropathy remains unclear, especially with respect to whether TRPV1 and PAP are colocalized in the same microdomain which is responsible for PAP-mediated antinociception. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on the dorsal root ganglion to identify the membrane compositions, and pharmacological interventions were conducted using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβC)—a membrane integrity disruptor that works by depleting cholesterol—in pure small-fiber neuropathy with resiniferatoxin (RTX). Immunohistochemical evidence indicated that TRPV1 and PAP were highly colocalized with flotillin 1 (66.7%±9.7%) and flotillin 2 (73.7%±6.0%), which reside in part in microdomain. MβC mildly depleted PAP, which maintained the ability to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and delayed the development of mechanical allodynia. MβC treatment had no role in thermal transduction and neuronal injury following RTX neuropathy. In summary, this study demonstrated the following: (1) membrane cholesterol depletion preserves PAP-mediated antinociception through PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis and (2) pain hypersensitivity that develops after TRPV1(+) neuron depletion–mediated neurodegeneration following RTX neuropathy is attributable to the downregulation of PAP analgesic signaling.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 induces multilineage maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitors in 3D culture
Authors: Rodrigues Toste de Carvalho Ana Luisa , Strikoudis Alexandros , Liu Hsiao-Yun , Chen Ya-Wen , Dantas Tiago J. , Vallee Richard B. , Correia-Pinto Jorge , Snoeck Hans-Willem
Published: December 2018

Although strategies for directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into lung and airway have been established, terminal maturation of the cells remains a vexing problem. We show here that in Collagen I 3D cultures in the absence of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibition, hPSC-derived lung progenitors (LPs) undergo multilineage maturation into proximal cells, type I alveolar epithelial cells and morphologically mature type II cells. Enhanced cell cycling, one of the signaling outputs of GSK3 inhibition, plays a role in the maturation-inhibiting effect of GSK3 inhibition. Using this model, we show NOTCH signaling induced a distal at the expense of a proximal and ciliated cell fate, while WNT signaling promoted a proximal, club cell fate, thus implicating both signaling pathways in proximodistal specification in human lung development. These findings establish an approach to achieve multilineage maturation of lung and airway cells from hPSCs, demonstrate a pivotal role of GSK3 in the maturation of lung progenitors, and provide novel insight into proximodistal specification during human lung development.
An amphipathic helix of vinexin α is necessary for a substrate stiffness-dependent conformational change in vinculin
Authors: Hino Naoya , Ichikawa Takafumi , Kimura Yasuhisa , Matsuda Michiyuki , Ueda Kazumitsu , Kioka Noriyuki
Published: December 2018

Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates various cell behaviors, including cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Vinculin and vinexin α (an isoform encoded by the SORBS3 gene), both of which localize to focal adhesions, cooperatively function as mechanosensors of ECM stiffness. On a rigid ECM, vinexin α interacts with vinculin and induces a conformational change in vinculin to give an ‘open’ form, which promotes nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP, also known as YAP1) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, also known as WWTR1) (hereafter YAP/TAZ). However, the detailed mechanism by which vinexin α induces the conformational change in vinculin has not been revealed. Here, we identify an amphipathic helix named H2 as a novel vinculin-binding site in vinexin α. The H2 helix interacts with the vinculin D1b subdomain and promotes the formation of a talin–vinculin–vinexin α ternary complex. Mutations in the H2 region not only impair the ability of vinexin α to induce the ECM stiffness-dependent conformational change in vinculin but also to promote nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ on rigid ECM. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the H2 helix in vinexin α plays a critical role in ECM stiffness-dependent regulation of vinculin and cell behaviors.
Curvature-dependent constraints drive remodeling of epithelia
Authors: Maechler Florian A. , Allier Cédric , Roux Aurélien , Tomba Caterina
Published: December 2018

Epithelial tissues function as barriers that separate the organism from the environment. They usually have highly curved shapes, such as tubules or cysts. However, the processes by which the geometry of the environment and the cell's mechanical properties set the epithelium shape are not yet known. In this study, we encapsulated two epithelial cell lines, MDCK and J3B1A, into hollow alginate tubes and grew them under cylindrical confinement forming a complete monolayer. MDCK monolayers detached from the alginate shell at a constant rate, whereas J3B1A monolayers detached at a low rate unless the tube radius was reduced. We showed that this detachment is driven by contractile stresses in the epithelium and can be enhanced by local curvature. This allows us to conclude that J3B1A cells exhibit smaller contractility than MDCK cells. Monolayers inside curved tubes detach at a higher rate on the outside of a curve, confirming that detachment is driven by contraction.
The depolymerase activity of MCAK shows a graded response to Aurora B kinase phosphorylation through allosteric regulation
Authors: McHugh Toni , Zou Juan , Volkov Vladimir A. , Bertin Aurélie , Talapatra Sandeep K. , Rappsilber Juri , Dogterom Marileen , Welburn Julie P. I.
Published: December 2018

Kinesin-13 motors regulate precise microtubule dynamics and limit microtubule length throughout metazoans by depolymerizing microtubule ends. Recently, the kinesin-13 motor family member MCAK (also known Kif2C) has been proposed to undergo large conformational changes during its catalytic cycle, as it switches from being in solution to being bound to microtubules. Here, we reveal that MCAK has a compact conformation in solution through crosslinking and electron microscopy experiments. When MCAK is bound to the microtubule ends, it adopts an extended conformation with the N-terminus and neck region of MCAK interacting with the microtubule. Interestingly, the region of MCAK that interacts with the microtubule is the region phosphorylated by Aurora B and contains an end binding (EB) protein-binding motif. The level of phosphorylation of the N-terminus results in a graded microtubule depolymerase activity. Here, we show that the N-terminus of MCAK forms a platform to integrate Aurora B kinase downstream signals and in response fine-tunes its depolymerase activity during mitosis. We propose that this allosteric control mechanism allows decoupling of the N-terminus from the motor domain of MCAK to allow MCAK depolymerase activity at kinetochores.
Speed control and force-vectoring of blue bottle flies in a magnetically-levitated flight mill
Authors: Hsu Shih-Jung , Thakur Neel , Cheng Bo
Published: December 2018

Flies fly at a broad range of speeds and produce sophisticated aerial maneuvers with precisely controlled wing movements. Remarkably, only subtle changes in wing motion are used by flies to produce aerial maneuvers, resulting in little directional tilt of aerodynamic force vector relative to the body. Therefore, it is often considered that flies fly according to a helicopter model and control speed mainly via force-vectoring by body-pitch change. Here we examined the speed control of blue bottle flies using a magnetically-levitated (MAGLEV) flight mill, as they fly at different body pitch angles and with different augmented aerodynamic damping. We identified wing kinematic contributors to the changes of estimated aerodynamic force through testing and comparing two force-vectoring models: i.e., a constant force-vectoring model and a variable force-vectoring model, while using the Akaike's information criterion for the selection of best-approximating model. Results show that the best-approximating variable force-vectoring model, which includes the effects of wing kinematic changes, yields a considerably more accurate prediction of flight speed, particularly in higher velocity range, as compared with those of the constant force-vectoring model. Examining the variable force-vectoring model reveals that, in the flight-mill tethered flight, flies use a collection of wing kinematic variables to control primarily the force magnitude, while the force direction is also modulated, albeit to a smaller extent compared to those due to the changes in body pitch. The roles of these wing kinematic variables are analogous to those of throttle, and collective and cyclic pitch of helicopters.
Interdisciplinarity master programs in Greek universities: Οrganization and cognitive conditions
Authors: Stamelos Georgios , Aggelopoulos Georgios
Published: December 2018

This paper focuses on the development of interdisciplinarityin the Master’s programs in Greek universities. For our analysis, we searched for tools from the Sociology of Organisations (Mayntz) and the Sociology of Science (Whitley). We argue that the University and its keyactors have adopted interdisciplinarity, firstly, as a means to increase institutional funding, and secondly, with care so as not to disturb theinternal institutional structure and the power relations between the key actors in the University. Indeed, on the one hand, universities, responding to the public calls for interdisciplinary programs, took advantage of the European support program for Greece in order to enrich their infrastructures. On the other hand, the new structures and functions (interdisciplinary Master’s programs) remain loose and weak. So the central role of the Department and laboratories remains intact. As a consequence, the internal relations of the institutional actors are protected. Thus, interdisciplinarity seems to be a low priority issue. However, it is interesting to consider that more than 10 years after theend of European funding, the majority of these programs remains active.
Recent advances in functional genome analysis
Authors: Guigo Roderic , de Hoon Michiel
Published: December 2018

At the beginning of this century, the Human Genome Project produced the first drafts of the human genome sequence. Following this, large-scale functional genomics studies were initiated to understand the molecular basis underlying the translation of the instructions encoded in the genome into the biological traits of organisms. Instrumental in the ensuing revolution in functional genomics were the rapid advances in massively parallel sequencing technologies as well as the development of a wide diversity of protocols that make use of these technologies to understand cellular behavior at the molecular level. Here, we review recent advances in functional genomic methods, discuss some of their current capabilities and limitations, and briefly sketch future directions within the field.
The Quest for a New Order: A Re-Negotiation for Stability in Africa
Authors: Olatunji Felix
Published: December 2018

This paper is based on my understanding and analysis of a number of ideas related with the body with the sole intention of over viewing the diverse understanding of the body and its functioning. Buddhaghosa’s (who is a Buddhist scholar) understanding of the body seems to be negative to many. I have viewed the body from the perspective of Buddhaghosa within his work The Path of Purification. Buddhaghosa points out the reality of the body and its underlying foulness and the human tendency to camouflage its foulness under the veil of superficial make up, which are altogether temporary by nature. I will also be dealing with the concept of donation of the body, from the perspective of the Buddhist school of thought.
Tolerant Values and Practices in India: Amartya Sen’s ‘Positional Observation’ and Parameterization of Ethical Rules
Authors: Saha Santosh
Published: December 2018

In explaining the reasons for sustained existence of tolerance in Indian philosophical mind and continuation of tolerant practices in socio-political life, Amartya Sen argues that tolerance is inherently a social enterprise, which may appear as contingent, but for all intents and purposes is persistent. Basing his thesis that is opposed to Cartesian dualism, which makes a distinction between mind and body, Sen submits that Indian system of universalizing perception finds a subtle form of connection between mind and body. He expands the ancient core worldview, Vasundhara kutumbakam (entire world as one family) as a secular tolerant civil code,1which makes a connection between the transcendental and the pragmatic planes of consciousness, and reconstructs a thesis about tolerance around human consciousness, which is collectivized and anchored in an acknowledged public space in society that is joined together psychologically as well as philosophically. Tolerance as consciousness can be regarded a necessary condition for playing the role of intentionality as stipulated by classical philosophy (Advaita Vedanta; buddhi, or intelligence as in Samkhya and Yoga). Aware of this ancient wisdom that accepts relativism as an impasse over some evaluative matter, Sen avoids the pitfalls of cultural relativism in tolerance by offering an argument that is based on the metaphysics of Advaita Vedanta and other religious and secular literature, and epitomizes an internationalizing virtue in tolerant traditions. I would examine some interconnected issues, such as the ethical “perimeter” of Sen’s philosophical observation of totalized value system and Indian tolerant attitudes in real life, etc., raising the broader question about the location of cultural identity in relation to supranational state organization. My chief argument is that Sen has been able to observe a connection between the Advaita Vedantic moral philosophy that informs that viewed from the Brahmanic perspective of absolute knowledge in unity, the apparent subject of duality is not the ultimate subject. My conclusion is that valuing of tolerance, individual liberty as well as civil rights is a particular contribution of Western thinking and philosophy; the Western advocates of these rights often provide ammunition to the non-Western critics of tolerance and human rights.
Nation-State-University: Which Flag must a University Unfurl?
Authors: Chakraborty Satarupa
Published: December 2018

There is a long history to the debate of nationalism. The Indian nationalism has emerged after a long people’s movement the truth to which is often denied by a range of forces who have ideological leanings towards the ideology of Hindutwa. This paper is an attempt to revisit the historical context in which Indian nationalism has emerged and evaluate it in reference to the contemporary time. It emphasizes on the relation between the nation and the state with special reference to its impact on the universities. Further, the paper suggests that in order to uphold the idea of university and nation, an inclusive and secular idea of nation has to be espoused. Lastly, it suggests that a university needs to foster a non sectarian approach and broaden its vision for an internationalist outlook.
Comparing the main oscillation characteristics in the solar chromosphere and magnetosphere based on studies made in ISTP SB RAS
Authors: Челпанов Андрей , Chelpanov Andrey , Челпанов Максим , Chelpanov Maksim , Кобанов Николай , Kobanov Nikolay , Сотникова Раиса , Sotnikova Raisa
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper is to structure and extend the knowledge of solar chromospheric sources of oscillations in the solar wind and their relationships with pulsations registered in the magnetosphere. We compare the oscillation spectra that we observe using instruments of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics in different chromospheric structures with those observed in the solar wind and magnetosphere. We explore the possibility that the observed periodic variations of the chromospheric line widths can be interpreted as torsional Alfvén wave manifestation—this mode can propagate long distances without dissipating in the interplanetary space; it can penetrate into Earth’s magnetosphere directly or due to processes occurring at the plasmapause. We emphasize the similarities in the oscillation characteristics observed in different media, the similarities in the parameters of the media themselves and the processes developing in them. We believe that similar approaches can be applied to studying these media.
Resistência varietal de morangueiro aos pulgões Cerosipha forbesi (Weed) e Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Guimarães Amanda Gonçalves , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , De Andrade Júnior Valter Carvalho , Da Silva Isabel Moreira , Guimarães Cíntia Gonçalves , Pires Evaldo Martins
Published: December 2018

Resumo. A identificação de picos populacionais de pragas e a seleção de genótipos resistentes ajudam a definir o momento do controle e reduzir a aplicação de inseticidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar aresistência varietal de seis cultivares de morangueiro (Aromas, Campinas, Dover, Festival, Oso Grande e Toyonoka) ao ataque de Cerosipha forbesi (Weed)e Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). A presença dos pulgões nas plantas foi avaliada semanalmente por contagem direta em três folíolos por planta, durante cinco meses (Fevereiro a Junho de 2012). Março apresentou a maior densidade de ambas espécies de pulgões, com redução populacional nos meses próximos ao inverno. As cultivares Campinas, Toyonoka e Dover tiveram maior incidência de C. forbesi, e Campinas e Toyonoka foram também mais atacadas por C. fragaefolii. As cultivares Festival, Aromas e Oso Grande apresentaram menores infestações de ambas as espécies, tendo potencial para serem utilizadas em programas de melhoramento visando à resistência ao ataque de C. forbesi e C. fragaefolii.Varietal resistance of strawberry to aphids Cerosipha forbesi (Weed) and Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)Abstract. The identification of peak populations of pests and the selection of resistant genotypes help to define the timing of control and to reduce the frequency of insecticide application. The objective of this study was to evaluate varietal resistance of six strawberry cultivars (Aromas, Campinas, Dover, Oso Grande and Toyonoka) to the attack of Cerosipha forbesi (Weed) and Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Attack of the aphids was evaluated on a weekly basis by direct counting in three leaflets per plant for five months (February to June 2012). March presented higher densities of both aphids species, with population reductions in months closer to the winter. The cultivars Campinas, Toyonoka, and Dover had higher incidence of C. forbesi, and Campinas and Toyonoka were also more attacked by C. fragaefolii. The cultivars Festival, Aromas, and Oso Grande presented lower infestation of both aphids species, and hold potential to be used in breeding programs aiming resistance to attack of C. forbesi and C. fragaefolli.
Recommendations for an EU-IRQ energy centre from stakeholders and experts network studies: The research component
Authors: Karim U. F. A.
Published: December 2018

Results from stakeholders mapping and analysis are used to prepare for an EU-IRQ energy centre (EUIEC). The centre consists of research, training, business, policy and dialogue components. This article focuses on setting up the research centre. EUIEC could be built on good examples taking advantage of EU-IRQ bilateral agreements and ongoing intense developments in Iraq’s energy sector involving top international companies and their large networks. The author advocates actively and mutually facilitating the process particularly in the kick-off and start-up phase (two to five) years. A multi-disciplinary experts’ network setting is recommended that fits best when integrated with the other EUIEC components and services. Recommendations are made to cluster mono-disciplinary research programmes and projects (RP) into multi-disciplinary themes and research areas (RA). The final EUIEC organization, RP and facilities integrating all its components will require further efforts from the consultants, lead stakeholders and experts building up on preliminary results from this study.
Systems of seeing: Virtual gaze interaction
Authors: Ambrose Jeremiah
Published: December 2018

Augmenting Berger’s Ways of Seeing (1972), this article seeks to define and contextualize the most dominant form of perceptual interaction in virtual reality. Combining my own practice with an art-historical overview, I explore a creative application of interactive 360° film, whilst also addressing the need to critically engage with this new medium. I propose that given the rate at which metadata became one of the most valuable commodities of the twenty-first century, our ocular interactions will no doubt become subsumed into these systems. As the discourse of digital artistic practice shifts from digital to post-digital a central concern of virtual reality is the disembodiment it generates, but the irony here is that the first-person body is in fact a virtual camera. More in line with Vertov’s (1896–1954) prescient cybernetic concepts surrounding the kino-eye, virtual gaze interaction offers utopian real-time interaction in the same breath as it exemplifies an Orwellian nightmare. Beyond this cinematographic perspective of the virtual body is the more pertinent need to explore the implications and potential applications of this new type of interaction. The gaze has been a site of theoretical discussion for many theorists, including; Sartre, Foucault and Virilio. However, the interactive gaze is still a site in need of a discourse. Discussed in this article is a site-specific installation, which physically and virtually demonstrates an application of virtual gaze interaction applied to Magritte’s La Clef Des Songes (The Key to Dreams). Extending from Berger’s choice in cover art, it uses different forms of reproduction towards a focus not on what is lost, but what is gained through these new processes of visual interaction. In addition to establishing a historiography and associated praxis for virtual gaze interaction, I present a framework for digital futures pertaining to ocular interactions in media art and beyond. Embedded in this discussion are considerations on the politics of vision and the potential impact this will have on how we perceive and the perception of media art.
Event Review
Authors: Czegledy Nina
Published: December 2018

ISEA2018: 24th International Symposium on Electronic Art: Intersections, Durban, South Africa, 23–30 June 2018
BEBIANO, Rui – Tony Judt: historiador e intelectual público. 1ª ed. Lisboa: Edições 70, 2017. 226 p. ISBN 978 972 441 853 7
Authors: Moreira João
Published: December 2018

Tony Judt – historiador e intelectual público, de Rui Bebiano, vem ajudar a colmatar a falta de publicações nacionais sobre as ideias e os percursos dos intelectuais públicos na segunda metade do século XX. Note-se, no entanto, que Rui Bebiano é ele próprio historiador e, cada vez, mais um intelectual público. Portador de um passado ligado à esquerda radical durante os «longos anos 60», o historiador português foi, nas últimas décadas, publicando livros que se relacionam com esse período histórico. Disso são exemplos as obras O Poder da Imaginação. Juventude, Rebeldia e Resistência nos Anos 60, de 2003, Anos Inquietos. Vozes do Movimento Estudantil em Coimbra (1961-1974), de 2006, e Do Activismo à Indiferença. Movimentos Estudantis em Coimbra, de 2007.
A INTERPRETAÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL ENTRE LUIGI FERRAJOLI E RONALD DWORKIN: EM DEFESA DE UMA (ADEQUADA) LEITURA MORAL DA CONSTITUIÇÃO
Authors: Zanferdini Flávia de Almeida Montingelli , Oliveira Rafael Tomaz de
Published: December 2018

Tratamos neste trabalho sobre a interpretação constitucional a partir do estudo das obras de Luigi Ferrajoli e Ronald Dworkin. Analisamos as afirmações sobre a força normativa da constituição, a defesa intransigente da democracia e a luta pela concretização dos direitos fundamentais. Discorremos sobre a conexão necessária entre direito e moral. Analisamos o processo de interpretação das garantias constitucionais e a possibilidade de interpretações que tragam valores morais, não aquela deformada pelo espelho da subjetividade, mas a que constitui os fundamentos da comunidade política. Defendemos a obrigação de juízes, interpretes e aplicadores da lei de obedecer a integridade do direito, de forma que suas decisões não se baseiem em suas convicções pessoais e morais sobre política, sociedade etc, para que não haja discricionariedade e se preserve a efetiva democracia.
O QUE É POSITIVISMO, AFINAL? E QUAL POSITIVISMO?
Authors: Streck Lenio Luiz
Published: December 2018

Eros Roberto Grau publicou contundente artigo no jornal O Estado de São Paulo, em maio de 2018, “em defesa do positivismo jurídico”. O ponto é que positivismo não é “aplicar a letra ‘fria’ [sic] da lei”. Talvez já tenha sido quando, na França, a Escola da Exegese, baseada em Montesquieu dizia que o juiz era a bouche de la loi. Desde então, o juiz mudou, a lei mudou, a França mudou, o Brasil mudou, o mundo mudou. Logo, mudou o positivismo também. Positivismo é muito mais do que aquilo que foi a sua formulação original: o legalismo.  O professor e ex-ministro Eros Roberto Grau acerta no início, quando liga ao positivismo uma ideia de separação entre concepções — talvez, para os positivistas, conceitos —, sejam elas(es) meramente pessoais, subjetivas(os), ou não, de justiça e direito positivo. Essa ideia pode ser vista na clássica formulação de John Austin, pai da jurisprudência analítica.
Panorama da Produção Científica em Empreendedorismo Rural: Um Estudo Bibliométrico
Authors: Bernardo Evelyn Gomes , Ramos Heidy Rodriguez , Vils Leonardo
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o panorama das publicações sobre empreendedorismo rural por meio de um estudo bibliométrico. Para tanto, foram analisados 417 artigos publicados na plataforma Web of Science ligados ao tópico “empreendedorismo rural” na língua inglesa. Foi traçada a evolução das publicações por meio de análises de citações e de cocitações em todos os artigos publicados na plataforma. O método possibilitou a identificação das obras mais influentes, com a finalidade de entendimento dos laços intelectuais e a evolução, ao longo do tempo, das pesquisas sobre o tema proposto. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram a identificação dos autores mais citados e a formação de quatro grupos de autores que trabalham com o tema empreendedorismo rural. Também foi possível verificar que o campo de pesquisa voltado para esse tema está em ascensão e que o uso do termo “empreendedorismo rural” vem crescendo e se consolidando no meio acadêmico.
Sensorial Merchandising: Um Experimento no Varejo de Moda para Inclusão de Consumidores Cegos
Authors: Almeida Iris Brenda Mendes Souza e Silva , Lucian Rafael , Abreu Nelsio Rodrigues
Published: December 2018

Esse artigo propõe o conceito de sensorial merchandising a partir do entendimento da atmosfera de varejo como um esforço para gerar uma experiência de compra, com pessoas com deficiência visual. Os deficientes visuais no varejo de moda, devido a certas limitações, necessitam de algumas mudanças na atmosfera do setor. O objetivo, então, é compreender os anseios dos consumidores, e assim dar subsídios as empresas de varejo de moda para que promovam sua autonomia no ato da compra utilizando uma cartela de cores com aroma de fruta/fruto, Color Sense, como elemento do Sensorial Merchandising. A metodologia adotada foi um experimento de estudo de caso único realizado em ambiente controlado. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma relação positiva do consumidor cego com a Color Sense, assim como os demais elementos do Sensorial Merchandising.
Ground State Solutions for Kirchhoff Type Quasilinear Equations
Authors: Liu Xiangqing , Zhao Junfang
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we are concerned with quasilinear equations of Kirchhoff type, and prove the existence of ground state signed solutions and sign-changing solutions by using the Nehari method.
Sequence selection by FitSS4ASR alleviates ancestral sequence reconstruction as exemplified for geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase
Authors: Straub Kristina , Linde Mona , Kropp Cosimo , Blanquart Samuel , Babinger Patrick , Merkl Rainer
Published: December 2018

For evolutionary studies, but also for protein engineering, ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) has become an indispensable tool. The first step of every ASR protocol is the preparation of a representative sequence set containing at most a few hundred recent homologs whose composition determines decisively the outcome of a reconstruction. A common approach for sequence selection consists of several rounds of manual recompilation that is driven by embedded phylogenetic analyses of the varied sequence sets. For ASR of a geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase, we additionally utilized FitSS4ASR, which replaces this time-consuming protocol with an efficient and more rational approach. FitSS4ASR applies orthogonal filters to a set of homologs to eliminate outlier sequences and those bearing only a weak phylogenetic signal. To demonstrate the usefulness of FitSS4ASR, we determined experimentally the oligomerization state of eight predecessors, which is a delicate and taxon-specific property. Corresponding ancestors deduced in a manual approach and by means of FitSS4ASR had the same dimeric or hexameric conformation; this concordance testifies to the efficiency of FitSS4ASR for sequence selection. FitSS4ASR-based results of two other ASR experiments were added to the Supporting Information. Program and documentation are available at https://gitlab.bioinf.ur.de/hek61586/FitSS4ASR.
A Multi Scale Strategy for Simulation of Microstructural Evolutions in Friction Stir Welding of Duplex Titanium Alloy
Authors: Zhang Z. , Tan Z. J.
Published: December 2018

A fully coupled thermo-mechanical model is established to simulate the temperature variations and the material deformations in friction stir welding (FSW) of Ti-6Al-4V. The extracted data are used for further simulation on microstructural evolutions. A multi scale model, which consists of the grain growth model in grain cluster scale and the phase transformation model in one grain scale, is proposed. The nuclei of α and β phases, the recrystallizations and the grain growths are systematically investigated. Comparisons with experimental data and experimental observations can validate the newly proposed microstructural evolution model for Ti-6Al-4V. Results indicate that the volume fractions of α and β phases can be directly determined by the cooling rates in FSW process. With the increase of the rotating speed, the volume fraction of α phase is increased and β phase decreased due to the increase of welding temperature. With the decrease of the translational speed, the volume fraction of α phase gets bigger and β phase smaller. The acicular α grain can be generated on the β grain boundaries and grows along <1 1 0> direction on β substrate. The average length of α grain can be increased with longer cooling time and decreased with lower rotating speed or higher translational speed.
Social categories, Standardized Relational Pairs and identity work in World War II-narratives
Authors: Schoofs Kim , Mieroop Dorien Van De
Published: December 2018

Drawing on Membership Categorization Analysis, we aim to tease out how narrators talk into being the social group constellations in their storyworlds and how these – potentially shifting – constellations can be related to the narrator’s identity constructions. We investigate two World War II-testimonies narrated by Belgian concentration camp survivors and scrutinize whether the expected Standardized Relational Pair of victim-perpetrator – viz. the camp prisoners versus the Nazis – is in operation, how these two categories are talked into being, whether other social groups are mentioned and how all these processes affect the narrators’ identity work. It proved to be the case that, even though the victim-perpetrator Standardized Relational Pair is indeed present in both testimonies, it functions very differently in both stories, resulting in almost opposing identity work by the two narrators.
Sequential Control Underlies Robust Ramping Dynamics in the Rostrolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Desrochers Theresa M. , Collins Anne G.E. , Badre David
Published: December 2018

An essential human skill is our capacity to monitor and execute a sequence of tasks in the service of an overarching goal. Such a sequence can be as mundane as making a cup of coffee or as complex as flying a fighter plane. Previously, we showed that, during sequential control, the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) exhibits activation that ramps steadily through the sequence and is necessary for sequential task execution using fMRI in humans (Desrochers et al., 2015). It remains unknown what computations may underlie this ramping dynamic. Across two independent fMRI experiments, we manipulated three features that were unique to the sequential control task to determine whether and how they modulated ramping activity in the RLPFC: (1) sequence position uncertainty, (2) sequential monitoring without external position cues (i.e., from memory), and (3) sequential monitoring without multilevel decision making (i.e., task execution). We replicated the ramping activation in RLPFC and found it to be remarkably robust regardless of the level of task abstraction or engagement of memory functions. Therefore, these results both replicate and extend previous findings regarding the function of the RLPFC. They suggest that sequential control processes are integral to the dynamics of RLPFC activity. Advancing knowledge of the neural bases of sequential control is crucial for our understanding of the sequential processes that are necessary for daily living.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe perform sequences of tasks every day, but little is known about how they are controlled in the brain. Previously we found that ramping activity in the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) was necessary to perform a sequence of tasks. We designed two independent fMRI experiments in human participants to determine which features of the previous sequential task potentially engaged ramping in the RLPFC. We found that any demand to monitor a sequence of state transitions consistently elicited ramping in the RLPFC, regardless of the level of the decisions made at each step in the sequence or engagement of memory functions. These results provide a framework for understanding RLPFC function during sequential control, and consequently, daily life.
An Interdisciplinary Investigation of African Rock Art Images to Learn about Science & Culture: Blending Biology, Geology, History & Ethics
Authors: Quinlan Catherine L.
Published: December 2018

Image analysis of African rock art creates a unique opportunity to engage in authentic explorations of science and culture using rock art images as data. African rock art and its context provide insights into the intersection of science, scientific research, research ethics, intellectual property, law, government, economy, indigenous people, and crime. This article specifically considers the rock art and other cultural contributions of the San people of Southern Africa, which offer a rich interdisciplinary exploration of biology—including the climate and weather of biomes, plant biology, human physiology, and more. An understanding of the nature of science, crosscutting concepts, and disciplinary core ideas in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) is implicated.
Obsessive Planning in Transitional Vietnam
Authors: Benedikter Simon , Nguyen Loan T. P.
Published: December 2018

This essay offers reflections on Vietnam’s post-socialist state planning system and an upcoming government initiative to reform it. Thirty years after the departure from Soviet-style central planning, state-directed planning prevails as the dominant feature of Vietnam’s governance system, policy regime, and economic system. Our purpose is to examine why state-directed planning has been so resilient despite its many associated drawbacks in the past and present. We present a range of critical thoughts on the underlying causes and drivers that have preserved state-directed planning and that may jeopardize the nascent reform process.
Resistencia a colistín mediado por el gen mcr-1 identificado en cepas de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae. Primeros reportes en el Perú
Authors: Ugarte Silva Ruth Giovanna , Olivo López José Maria , Corso Alejandra , Pasteran Fernando , Albornoz Ezequiel , Sahuanay Blácido Zaida Patricia
Published: December 2018

Introducción. Ante la aparición de reportes de la presencia del gen mcr-1 y su posible diseminación por plásmidos en los países de la región y dado que este gen confiere resistencia a colistín, fármaco que es la última línea de tratamiento  contra bacterias multirresistentes, es importante conocer su presencia en nuestro país en microorganismos que lo expresen. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se incluyeron microorganismos aislados de urocultivos de pacientes ambulatorios de un centro de salud privado en Lima, Perú, en agosto del año 2017. De 326 urocultivos positivos se seleccionaron 10 aislamientos entre cepas de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae que presentaron concentración mínima inhibitoria ≥4μg/mL (interpretado como resistente para colistín) por el sistema automatizado Microscan Walkaway 96 plus. Se utilizaron los siguientes métodos: colistín agar spot, predifusión con tabletas de colistín, microdilución en caldo colistin y PCR para el gen mcr-1. Resultados. Se determinó que 7 aislamientos, todas Escherichia coli, expresaron la presencia del gen mcr-1 por PCR, el cual confiere resistencia plasmídica a polipéptidos. De las cepas restantes, dos Escherichia coli y una Klebsiella pneumoniae, resultaron positivos para resistencia a colistín en las pruebas fenotípicas pero no en la PCR para gen mcr-1 lo cual sugiere un mecanismo de resistencia a colistín no asociado a gen mcr-1. Conclusiones. Se obtuvieron 7 aislamientos de Escherichia coli resistentes a colistín y con expresión del gen mcr-1.
Optimización del sistema de tratamiento y gestión sanitaria de aguas residuales industriales para vertimiento clase III, provenientes de la bocamina del nivel 250 (EF 03) al río San José - Perú
Authors: Puente Rodríguez Adán , Calderón Celis Julia
Published: December 2018

The main objective was to manage the implementation of standards, procedures and legal requirements in order to optimize the industrial wastewater treatment system of the Huarón Mine in Peru. Furthermore, to ensure the quality of class III water discharges. The results obtained were satisfactory; a final pH of 8.02 with a dosage of 100 gr/m3 (Cal) and a reduction of zinc metal content below 2.5 ppm were achieved.