bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The economic and environmental effects of China’s environmental expenditure under financing constraints
Authors: Wang Ruiliang , Yan Jie , Wang Wenfu
Published: July 2024

Sound ecological and environmental governance systems are critical for promoting green and low-carbon economic transformation and high-quality development. However, financing constraints are major obstacle to the revitalization and transformation of China’s real economy. In this study, we constructed an environmental dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (E-DSGE) model that incorporates two types of environmental expenditure and financing constraints, and discussed their economic and environmental effects. Based on this, we further considered the impacts of financing constraints on policy effects. Firstly, we found that increases in carbon emission reduction subsidies in government expenditure (1) increase total economic output and (2) motivate enterprises to increase emission reduction efforts and reduce pollution intensity and emissions, thereby reducing the inventory of environmental pollutants while balancing economic benefits and emission reduction. Secondly, increasing the proportion of government special expenditure on environmental protection promote output growth and directly reduces the pollution stock in the environment. However, such policies may also reduce the emission reduction efforts of enterprises, leading to increases in their pollution emissions and intensity. Lastly, the existence of financing constraints is not conducive to the growth of total output but increases the pollution control effect of emission reduction subsidies and pollution prevention expenditure. Application of the E-DSGE model offers new theoretical insight into environmental economics and macroeconomics. Moreover, the results of this study provide a reference for optimizing the structure of fiscal expenditure.
Study on carbon emission driving factors and carbon peak forecasting in power sector of Shanxi province
Authors: Hu Wei , Zheng Tingting , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2024

The realisation of the low-carbon transition of the energy system in resource-intensive regions, as embodied by Shanxi Province, depends on a thorough understanding of the factors impacting the power sector’s carbon emissions and an accurate prediction of the peak trend. Because of this, the power industry’s carbon emissions in Shanxi province are measured in this article from 1995 to 2020 using data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). To obtain a deeper understanding of the factors impacting carbon emissions in the power sector, factor decomposition is performed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). Second, in order to precisely mine the relationship between variables and carbon emissions, the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) aids in the optimisation of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). In order to implement SSA-LSTM-based carbon peak prediction in the power industry, four development scenarios are finally built up. The findings indicate that: (1) There has been a fluctuating upward trend in Shanxi Province’s total carbon emissions from the power industry between 1995 and 2020, with a cumulative growth of 372.10 percent. (2) The intensity of power consumption is the main factor restricting the rise of carbon emissions, contributing -65.19%, while the per capita secondary industry contribution factor, contributing 158.79%, is the main driver of the growth in emissions. (3) While the baseline scenario and the rapid development scenario fail to peak by 2030, the low carbon scenario and the green development scenario peak at 243,991,100 tonnes and 258,828,800 tonnes, respectively, in 2025 and 2028. (4) Based on the peak performance and the decomposition results, resource-intensive cities like Shanxi’s power industry should concentrate on upgrading and strengthening the industrial structure, getting rid of obsolete production capacity, and encouraging the faster development of each factor in order to help the power sector reach peak carbon performance.
Healthy city evaluation based on factor analysis—Taking cities in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example
Authors: Huang Hui , Huang Shuxin , He Shaoyao , Lu Yong , Deng Shuguang
Published: July 2024

As urbanization speeds up, the concept of healthy cities is receiving more focus. This article compares Chongzuo and Nanning in Guangxi with Beijing to assess the development gaps in cities in Guangxi. An indicator system for healthy cities was designed from six dimensions—healthy economy, healthy population, healthy healthcare, healthy environment, healthy facilities, and healthy transportation—and 26 secondary indicators, which were selected from 2005 to 2022, and an improved factor analysis was used to synthesize a healthy city index (HCI). The number of factors was determined by combining characteristic roots and the variance contribution rate, and the HCI was weighted using the entropy-weighted Topsis method. A comprehensive evaluation of the urban health status of these cities was conducted. The results showed that extracting six common factors had the greatest effect, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 93.83%. Chongzuo city scored higher in the field of healthcare. The healthy environment score of Nanning was relatively high, which may be related to continuous increases in green measures. In terms of the healthy economy dimension, Beijing was far ahead. However, in recent years, the healthy economy level in Chongzuo has increased, and the GDP growth rate has ranked among the highest in Guangxi. In addition, the growth rate of healthy facilities in Nanning was relatively fast and has been greater than that in Chongzuo in recent years, which indicates that the Nanning Municipal Government believes urban construction and municipal supporting facilities are highly important. In terms of healthy transportation, Chongzuo and Nanning scored higher than Beijing. This may be because the transportation in these two cities is convenient and the traffic density is more balanced than that in Beijing, thereby reducing traffic congestion. Chongzuo had the highest score for a healthy population, and a steadily growing population provides the city with stable human resources, which helps promote urban economic and social development. Finally, relevant policy recommendations were put forwards to enhance the health level of the cities.
Poverty and neighborhood opportunity effects on neonate DNAm developmental age
Authors: Pilkay Stefanie R. , Knight Anna K. , Bush Nicole R. , LeWinn Kaja , Davis Robert L. , Tylavsky Frances , Smith Alicia K.
Published: July 2024

Background

Children from families with low socioeconomic status (SES), as determined by income, experience several negative outcomes, such as higher rates of newborn mortality and behavioral issues. Moreover, associations between DNA methylation and low income or poverty status are evident beginning at birth, suggesting prenatal influences on offspring development. Recent evidence suggests neighborhood opportunities may protect against some of the health consequences of living in low income households. The goal of this study was to assess whether neighborhood opportunities moderate associations between household income (HI) and neonate developmental maturity as measured with DNA methylation.

Methods

Umbilical cord blood DNA methylation data was available in 198 mother-neonate pairs from the larger CANDLE cohort. Gestational age acceleration was calculated using an epigenetic clock designed for neonates. Prenatal HI and neighborhood opportunities measured with the Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) were regressed on gestational age acceleration controlling for sex, race, and cellular composition.

Results

Higher HI was associated with higher gestational age acceleration (B = .145, t = 4.969, p = 1.56x10-6, 95% CI [.087, .202]). Contrary to expectation, an interaction emerged showing higher neighborhood educational opportunity was associated with lower gestational age acceleration at birth for neonates with mothers living in moderate to high HI (B = -.048, t = -2.08, p = .03, 95% CI [-.092, -.002]). Female neonates showed higher gestational age acceleration at birth compared to males. However, within males, being born into neighborhoods with higher social and economic opportunity was associated with higher gestational age acceleration.

Conclusion

Prenatal HI and neighborhood qualities may affect gestational age acceleration at birth. Therefore, policy makers should consider neighborhood qualities as one opportunity to mitigate prenatal developmental effects of HI.
Analysis of the northern pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea L.) phytotelm bacteriome throughout a temperate region growing season
Authors: Melchior Paul P. , Reiss Emma , Payne Zachary , Vuong Nhi , Hovorka Kari , Lindsay Hunter L. , Diaz Gerardo R. , Gaire Tara , Noyes Noelle
Published: July 2024

The insectivorous Northern Pitcher Plant, Sarracenia purpurea, recruits a dynamic biotic community in the rainwater collected by its pitcher-shaped leaves. Insect capture and degradation within the pitcher fluid (phytotelma) has been well documented as a mechanism for supplementing the plant’s nitrogen, phosphorous, and micronutrient requirements. Metagenomic studies have shown a diverse microbiome in this phytotelm environment, including taxa that contribute metabolically to prey digestion. In this investigation, we used high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics to analyze the S. purpurea phytotelm bacteriome as it changes through the growing season (May–September) in plants from the north-central region of the species’ native range. Additionally, we used molecular techniques to detect and quantify bacterial nitrogenase genes (nifH) in all phytotelm samples to explore the hypothesis that diazotrophy is an additional mechanism of supplying biologically available nitrogen to S. purpurea. The results of this study indicate that while prokaryote diversity remains relatively stable in plants at different locations within our region, diversity changes significantly as the growing season progresses. Furthermore, nifH genes were detected at biologically significant concentrations in one hundred percent of samples, suggesting that nitrogen fixation may be an important contributor to the S. purpurea nutrient budget.
Effect of juggling expertise on pointing performance in peripheral vision
Authors: Jurkiewicz Tristan , Delporte Ludovic , Revol Patrice , Rossetti Yves , Pisella Laure
Published: July 2024

Juggling is a very complex activity requiring motor, visual and coordination skills. Expert jugglers experience a “third eye” monitoring leftward and rightward ball zenith positions alternately, in the upper visual fields, while maintaining their gaze straight-ahead. This “third eye” reduces their motor noise (improved body stability and decrease in hand movement variability) as it avoids the numerous head and eye movements that add noise into the system and make trajectories more uncertain. Neuroimaging studies have shown that learning to juggle induces white and grey matter hypertrophy at the posterior intraparietal sulcus. Damage to this brain region leads to optic ataxia, a clinical condition characterised by peripheral pointing bias toward gaze position. We predicted that expert jugglers would, conversely, present better accuracy in a peripheral pointing task. The mean pointing accuracy of expert jugglers was better for peripheral pointing within the upper visual field, compatible with their subjective experience of the “third eye”. Further analyses showed that experts exhibited much less between-subject variability than beginners, reinforcing the interpretation of a vertically asymmetrical calibration of peripheral space, characteristic of juggling and homogenous in the expert group. On the contrary, individual pointing variability did not differ between groups neither globally nor in any sector of space, showing that the reduced motor noise of experts in juggling did not transfer to pointing. It is concluded that the plasticity of the posterior intraparietal sulcus related to juggling expertise does not consist of globally improved visual-to-motor ability. It rather consists of peripheral space calibration by practicing horizontal covert shifts of the attentional spotlight within the upper visual field, between left and right ball zenith positions.
Association between dietary folate intake and HPV infection: NHANES 2005–2016
Authors: Jin Shuo , Lin Fangxuan , Yang Liuqing , Zhang Qin
Published: July 2024

Background

Recent studies have established a correlation between folate levels and the incidence of cervical cancer. Given that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a primary etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer, the nature of the relationship between dietary folate intake and HPV infection remains an area of ongoing investigation.

Methods

To investigate the association between dietary folate intake and HPV infection, this study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2005 to 2016. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the potential associations. Furthermore, the use of restricted cubic splines (RCS) facilitated the exploration of any non-linear correlations. Additionally, subgroup analyses were used to explore this correlation in different populations.

Results

The study encompassed a total of 6747 women aged between 18 and 59 years. For every one mcg increase in folate intake, the incidence of HPV infection is reduced by 1% (OR = 0.99, p<0.05). Besides, folate intake was categorized into quartiles as follows: Q1 (<211 mcg/day), Q2 (211–311 mcg/day), Q3 (311–448 mcg/day), and Q4 (>448 mcg/day). The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the different folate levels were as follows: Q2: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.76–1.16), Q3: 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67–1.04), and Q4: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.49–0.81). The RCS analysis confirmed a nonlinear relationship between dietary folate intake and HPV infection risk. Notably, a significant inverse association was observed when dietary folate intake exceeded 193.847 mcg/day.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate a negative association between dietary folate intake and the risk of HPV infection. This association demonstrates a nonlinear pattern, particularly evident at higher levels of folate consumption.
Uneven geography of health opportunities among subsidized households: Illustrating healthcare accessibility and walkability for public rental housing in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Jeon Junehyung , Woo Ayoung
Published: July 2024

Planners and policymakers significantly consider providing suitable living environments for marginalized households, beyond creating affordable homes. Previous studies have explored various socioeconomic attributes of neighborhoods with public rental housing (PRH), particularly regarding education, job, and transportation opportunities; however, we have a limited understanding of health opportunities among such subsidized households. This study, therefore, explores the accessibility and spatial equity of emergency medical services (EMS) and primary health care (PHC) for PRH residents in Seoul, Korea. The findings show that neighborhoods with PRHs are associated with lower odds ratios for EMS and PHC accessibility. In particular, the relationships between the locations of PRHs and medical services accessibility in neighborhoods varied across the types of PRHs. While neighborhoods with large-scale PRHs are associated with lower PHC access, those with small-scale PRHs are associated with lower EMS access. In addition, our findings show that PRHs tend to be located in neighborhoods with lower walkability. These results may help in empirically determining the spatial accessibility of PHC and EMS, as well as neighborhood walkability, which may affect the health status of individuals in subsidized households.
Islands of cooperation emerge by stigmergic interactions in iterated spatial games
Authors: Zambonelli Franco , Bergenti Federico , Mariani Stefano , Monica Stefania
Published: July 2024

This article focuses on the emergence of cooperation in societies of self-interested agents. In particular, it introduces a mechanism based on indirect—stigmergic—interactions between agents moving in an environment, to express the likeliness of finding cooperative partners. On the one hand, agents that find themselves cooperating with others emit pheromones in their current location, expressing the presence of agents willing to cooperate. On the other hand, agents that sense pheromones tend to move towards regions with a higher pheromone concentration. Results show that this mechanism leads to the emergence of spatial regions where cooperation can be effectively sustained, and in which agents can overall get better payoffs than those agents not taking into account pheromones in their choices.
Restriction of Antimicrobial Usage in a Tertiary Care Neonatal Unit in South India: A Before After Trial
Authors: S V N S Sowjanya , Venugopalan Lakshmi
Published: July 2024

Background
Overuse and abuse of antibiotics resulted in emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), increased rates of invasive candidiasis, prolonged hospital stay, NEC (Necrotizing enterocolitis), LOS (Late onset sepsis) or death. Restriction of the prescription, switching to a narrower spectrum and stopping antibiotics when not needed are some of the major approaches to antibiotic stewardship.

Methods
We identified restricted antimicrobials and devised an antimicrobial justification form. Clinicians needed to fill the form before prescribing restricted antimicrobials thereby comparing the antimicrobial usage pattern before and after the introduction of form. Babies enrolled before the introduction of the justification form were labelled as Group 1, and as Group 2 after justification form. The HIC (hospital infection control) staff nurse paid daily visits to NICU to monitor number of babies started on restricted antibiotics and whether the forms were duly filled or not. Any lag would be intimated to the Head HIC team for rectification. Any change of antibiotic within the restricted group also warranted justification. Culture report notified within 48 – 72 hrs so as to facilitate the stoppage of antibiotics in case of negative culture.

Results
There was a statistically significant reduction in the usage of restricted antimicrobials in the Group B as compared to Group A 150 (40.54%) vs 190 (49.35%) (p = 0.01). There was a statistically significant increase in the % of babies de-escalated from high end antimicrobials in Group B as compared to Group A 90 (60%) vs 56 (29.47%) (p = <0.0001). Duration of restricted antimicrobials reduced from 13.78 ± 2.7 days in Group A to 9.9 ±1.8 days in Group B (p = <0.0001). No difference in the number of babies started on any antibiotic between both the groups (p = 0.1).

Conclusion
Introduction of the antibiotic justification form as a part of antimicrobial stewardship program resulted in an overall reduced usage of restricted antimicrobials along with rapid de-escalation.
The Development of Persistent Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Melanoma Who Have Had an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Gastrointestinal Toxicity
Authors: Varma Sanskriti , Sullivan Keri , DiCarlo Jamie , Coromilas Alexandra , Staller Kyle , Dougan Michael
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Immune-related adverse events (irAE) secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations, including gastritis, enteritis, and/or colitis. The long-term sequelae of ICI-associated GI toxicities (GI-irAE), particularly the development of disorders of gut-brain interaction, are not well known. We characterized the incidence of persistent GI symptoms after GI-irAE.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective study of adults with melanoma treated with ICI and diagnosed with GI-irAE at our institution from 2013 to 2021. All patients had endoscopic and histologic evidence of GI-irAE. The primary outcome was incidence of persistent GI symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, fecal incontinence, nausea, vomiting) after resolution of GI-irAE. Hazard ratios evaluated the association between parameters and time to persistent GI symptoms.

RESULTS:

One hundred four patients with melanoma (90% stage IV disease) and GI-irAE met inclusion criteria. Thirty-four percent received anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 therapy, 33% anti-programmed death-1, and 34% dual therapy. Patients were treated for GI-irAE for an average of 9 ± 6 weeks. Twenty-eight (27%) patients developed persistent GI symptoms 1.6 ± 0.8 years after GI-irAE. The most common symptom was constipation (17%), followed by bloating (8%) and diarrhea (5%). Over 453 person-years, the incident rate was 6.2% per 100 person-years. Use of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 single or dual therapy was associated with a 3.51× risk of persistent GI symptoms (95% confidence interval 1.20–10.23).

DISCUSSION:

In this cohort of melanoma patients who experienced GI-irAE, 26% developed persistent GI symptoms, most frequently constipation. Future studies should characterize the GI sequelae after GI-irAE, which may shed light on disorders of gut-brain interaction pathogenesis and improve the lives of cancer survivors.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Treatment of Tenofovir Alafenamide vs Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Chronic Hepatitis B in Vietnam
Authors: Huynh Phuong Nguyen Thao , Thi Huong Bui Quynh , Duy Vo Thong
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a contagious condition posing a major public health risk in various nations, including Vietnam. In 2019, the Ministry of Health introduced tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) to treat patients with chronic HBV infection and reduce the long-term toxicity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of these 2 medications in individuals with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic HBV.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study included data collected from the medical records of patients with chronic HBV who visited the Liver Clinic at University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City between 2018 and 2020.

RESULTS:

After 2 years of treatment, the proportion of HBeAg loss in the TAF group was twice that of the TDF group (22.4% vs 11.2%), indicating a statistically significant difference in the probability of HBeAg loss (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–3.42; P < 0.01). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the rate and ability of antiviral response between patients treated with TAF and TDF (65% vs 54.5%, respectively; adjusted hazard ratio = 1.34; 95% CI 1.08–1.69; P < 0.01). A total of 93.9% of patients achieved the goal of restoring alanine aminotransferase to normal, a higher percentage compared with the 81.2% in the TDF group, and the likelihood of achieving normal alanine aminotransferase levels with TAF was greater compared with those on TDF (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.67; 95% CI 1.38–2.01; P < 0.01). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in the variation in renal function between the TAF and TDF groups. Serum creatinine levels in the TAF group increased less than those in the TDF group by 0.03 mg/dL every 6 months (95% CI −0.04 to −0.01, P < 0.01), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the TAF group was higher than that in the TDF group every 6 months by 2.78 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 0.98–4.57, P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the likelihood of HBeAg seroconversion between patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with TAF or TDF (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.79; 95% CI 0.91–3.53; P = 0.09), nor in the risk of adverse events between the 2 groups (adjusted odds ratio = 1.34; 95% CI 0.88–2.05; P = 0.17). In addition, although the HBsAg concentration in the TAF group was lower than in the TDF group by an average of 0.05 log10 IU/mL every 6 months (95% CI −0.15 to 0.05), this difference also did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.35).

DISCUSSION:

TAF has been demonstrated to achieve some therapeutic efficacy goals and reduce nephrotoxicity better than TDF. However, no differences were found in seroconversion or adverse events between the patient groups.
Modelling of gasification of organic waste in thermal-plasma chemical reactors
Authors: Jeništa Jiří , Hirka Ivan , Živný Oldřich
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the latest numerical simulations of gasification of wood particles and sewage sludge in two different thermal-plasma chemical reactors using either a unique DC-plasma torch stabilized by argon and water vortex or DC-plasma air torches. Numerical results of gasification and syngas production from crushed wood show that high syngas content (∼90%) was achieved for all studied currents (400–600 A) and wood particle diameters (0.2 mm – 20 mm). The CO and H2 molar fractions for three different particle diameters for 400 A obtained by modelling at the exhaust outlet are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental values (CO–0.6, H2–0.3). The gasification of sewage sludge by air plasma torches generate syngas of a lower quality (∼42%) due to a high nitrogencontent in air.
Proposta didática de triângulos e quadriláteros no 6º ano do ensino fundamental com a plataforma GeoGebra
Authors: Vellasco-Gomes Arianne , Silveira Matheus Carvalho Carrijo , Marco Fabiana Fiorezi de
Published: July 2024

Entendemos que a utilização de tecnologias digitais nas aulas de matemática, temática de diversas pesquisas em Educação e Educação Matemática, busca, primordialmente, integrar o estudante contemporâneo ao uso do potencial dos softwares e do computador no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. No presente relato, é discutido a elaboração de uma proposta didática e seus resultados na aprendizagem dos estudantes e na formação dos autores. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a elaboração, desenvolvimento, resultados e discussão de uma proposta didática para o 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental acerca do tema “triângulos e quadriláteros”, com auxílio do software GeoGebra. O software GeoGebra é um aplicativo de código livre que promove o compartilhamento e publicação de materiais e construções que podem ser utilizados pelos professores em suas salas de aula. Os resultados demonstram que a mediação dos professores durante a proposta teve muita importância no processo de ensino e aprendizagem no ambiente computacional.
Matemática financeira e programação: um relato de experiência no contexto do ensino superior
Authors: Santos Francisco Vieira dos , Machado Felipe Veras , Castro Juscileide Braga de
Published: July 2024

Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência sobre a criação de um aplicativo móvel na plataforma App Inventor no âmbito da disciplina de Matemática Comercial e Financeira do Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo descritivo durante o semestre 2023.1 como parte da formação inicial de professores de Matemática. Foi desenvolvido um aplicativo que, a partir dos dados recebidos, calcula o montante, capital, taxa ou período de movimentações financeiras. A análise dos registros evidenciou que o processo de construção do aplicativo é um ponto crucial, no qual elementos do currículo escolar emergem, garantindo assim a possibilidade de inserção na escola. Habilidades relacionadas ao currículo do 8º e 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, bem como competências específicas 2 e 5, podem ser abordadas diretamente. Além da atividade de criação, que envolve programação, os alunos realizaram os ajustes necessários para incorporar as fórmulas matemáticas ao algoritmo. Portanto, esta experiência proporciona oportunidades para impulsionar o ensino de Matemática por meio das tecnologias, como na criação de soluções que consideram a Matemática como um fio condutor para efetivar e validar propostas dentro e fora da sala de aula.
Abordagem de objetos de conhecimento de matemática por meio de jogos
Authors: Dos Santos Maria Gabriela Pereira , Amorim Marcos Fernandes , Da Silva Elida Alves , Santos Júnior Porfírio Azevedo dos
Published: July 2024

A crescente complexidade do mundo contemporâneo, impulsionada por avanços tecnológicos e mudanças socioculturais, demandam habilidades matemáticas substancialmente diferentes das necessárias em épocas passadas. A adoção de jogos como uma metodologia alternativa e a inserção de materiais concretos em atividades educacionais, auxiliam na construção e produção de conhecimentos necessários nesse cenário. Visando aproveitar esses instrumentos, propôs-se um projeto de extensão/pesquisa com três objetivos – estabelecer uma parceria com a escola campo; promover intervenções visando a aprendizagem das quatro operações básicas e cálculos com dinheiro, por meio de uso de materiais concretos e jogos matemáticos; e avaliar as competências adquiridas pelosparticipantes. Ao final da investigação, os objetivos foram atingidos e obteve-se como resposta para a questão norteadora – Como a abordagem de objetos de conhecimento por meio de jogos influencia no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de estudantes do ensino fundamental? – que essa abordagem influencia positivamente na construção de conhecimentos por parte dos envolvidos, bem como torna a relação com a matemática mais prazerosa.
A Didática Histórico-Crítica (marxista) no Brasil: reflexões sob a ótica dos autores Tomaschewsky (1966) e Zayas (1999)
Authors: Araújo Gracieda dos Santos , Cruz Juan Carlos Rodriguez
Published: July 2024

Este artigo analisa os fundamentos da Didática Histórico-Crítica, desenvolvidos pelos teóricos marxistas da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC) no Brasil, em comparação com as concepções teóricas de dois autores internacionais, Tomaschewsky (1966) e Zayas (1999). Toda a investigação é orientada pelo seguinte problema: em que medida a Didática Histórico-Crítica, como parte da proposta pedagógica de educação crítica e emancipadora, no Brasil, representa uma alternativa concreta ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, desde os critérios teórico-metodológicos universais da didática materialista histórico-dialético? O método adotado como referencial para esta investigação se baseia no materialismo histórico-dialético. A metodologia utilizada trata-se de revisão bibliográfica. Para tanto, realizou-se a análise dos fundamentos centrais da Didática Histórico-Crítica, desde a concepção de Duarte (2001), Gasparin (2002), Gasparin e Petenucci (2014), Galvão et. al (2019) e Saviani (1995; 2002; 2008; 2011; 2013), localizando as divergências fundamentais destes autores, em relação ao pensamento dos autores internacionais, estudados nesta pesquisa. O resultado alcançado demonstra que, embora tome o pensamento de Marx e da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural como referência, a Didática Histórico-Crítica apresenta divergências importantes, com relação ao pensamento dos didáticos marxistas internacionais. Diante disso, se afirma a importância da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e da Didática Histórico-Crítica para a educação brasileira, enquanto uma visão teórico-metodológica crítica, desde que alinhada à perspectiva educacional universal, na ótica do proletariado.
Desafios para a organização da atividade de estudo no contexto da formação de professores
Authors: Lima Cárita Portilho de
Published: July 2024

Com o objetivo de problematizar os desafios postos à efetivação da atividade de estudo no contexto do ensino superior público brasileiro, especialmente no âmbito das licenciaturas, o presente artigo organiza-se, do ponto de vista metodológico, como um ensaio teórico que se tece desde uma análise crítica construída a partir da história do ensino superior e da formação docente no Brasil. O caminho argumentativo proposto possui três pilares: considerações acerca do projeto político-social e educacional historicamente assumido pela universidade pública brasileira e o projeto necessário para uma formação inspirada nos princípios da psicologia histórico-cultural, referencial teórico-metodológico que sustenta o debate apresentado; reflexões sobre os problemas históricos da formação de professores no Brasil e a hegemonia privatista neste campo e, por fim, discussões a respeito dos limites que determinam as condições concretas de estudo de licenciandos considerando problemas no âmbito da permanência estudantil e saúde mental. A partir dessas chaves de análise, pretende-se defender a tese de que a potência crítica e revolucionária da psicologia histórico-cultural, expressa por meio de seu arcabouço teórico-metodológico, irá contribuir para o enfrentamento dos problemas educacionais brasileiros à medida em que partirmos de uma análise concreta das condições, problemas, contradições e desafios postos aos profissionais, famílias, estudantes, militantes e pesquisadores do campo da educação escolar de nosso país. Como síntese das conclusões alcançadas, vislumbra-se a necessidade de profundas mudanças no ensino universitário e na formação docente, principalmente no que se refere ao enfrentamento da lógica e ética privatista, elitista, pragmática e utilitarista que vêm, historicamente, hegemonizando esses campos.
La impronta krausista en el legado arenaliano: anverso y reverso de un mismo fenómeno regeneracionista
Authors: Manzanero Fernández Delia
Published: July 2024

Este artículo pasa revista a algunas de las influencias más visibles que la impronta krausista dejó en la obra jurídica, educativa y penitenciaria de Arenal, y expone en qué sentido el pensamiento arenaliano y la filosofía del krausismo son como el anverso y el reverso de un mismo fenómeno regeneracionista porque, por un lado, los krausistas apreciaron en Arenal a la gran intelectual que podía llevar a buen puerto la obra espiritual que los krausistas habían emprendido a finales del siglo XIX y que participaba del elemento modernizador, solidarista y educador que podía alimentar intelectualmente a una España nueva. Y Arenal, por su parte, reconoció en krausistas como Giner a la persona capaz de convertir la metafísica krausista en un proyecto ilustrado de escuela y de reforma social cuyo fin era la formación integral de la persona en una actitud ética ante la vida como la perseguida por ella.
Pasión por ser. Pesimismo creativo y esperanza merecida en Miguel de Unamuno
Authors: Gutiérrez Pozo Antonio
Published: July 2024

La comprensión burguesa de la vida implica alargarla todo lo que se pueda, y posponer y olvidar la muerte. La muerte es para Heidegger la posibilidad más auténtica de la existencia humana. Esto significa que el ser humano existe para morir. El hambre de inmortalidad de Unamuno, su «querer vivir», solo se entiende desde el «tener que morir». La conciencia de esto último es precisamente el sentimiento trágico de la vida que expone Unamuno. La muerte total y radical supone la ausencia de sentido. El hambre de inmortalidad equivale a la pasión por ser, es decir, a una lucha por el sentido de la existencia. La nada nos está esperando, pero Unamuno llama al ser humano a que haga de la muerte una injusticia. Defiende una moral de la esperanza merecida, según la cual el ser humano debe actuar de manera que no merezca morir. Este es el pesimismo creativo que nos da esperanza. La esperanza merecida que supone la pasión por ser es el único fundamento de sentido de la vida humana. Merecer la eternidad y el sentido, no hay otra forma de experimentar la eternidad y el sentido.
Corporate corruption of South African politics and economics ‘Accumulation by dispossession’ as a structural process, beyond ‘state capture’
Authors: Bond Patrick ,   University of Johannesburg
Published: July 2024

Author details: Patrick Bond is Distinguished Professor at the University of Johannesburg, Department of Sociology, where he is Director of the Centre for Social Change. From 2020-21 he was Professor at the Western Cape School of Government and from 2015-2019 was a Distinguished Professor of Political Economy at the University of the Witwatersrand School of Governance. From 2004 through mid-2016, he was Senior Professor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Built Environment and Development Studies and was also Director of the Centre for Civil Society. He lectured from 1997-2004 at the Wits School of Governance. He has held visiting posts at a dozen universities and presented lectures at more than 100 others.
Суждения о допустимости аборта: роль порядка вопросов в анкете и влияние других факторов
Authors: Макаренцева Алла Олеговна
Published: July 2024

В фокусе статьи находится анализ мнений о допустимости абортов в трех предложенных обстоятельствах (по желанию женщины, при наличии аномалий развития плода и при серьезных материальных трудностях в семье). Эмпирической базой выступает репрезентативный общероссийский опрос Института социального анализа и прогнозирования РАНХиГС, проведенный в 2023 г. Для анализа из него были отобраны респонденты в возрасте до 50 лет (5634 человека).
Используя равновероятностную расщепленную выборку, автор оценивает влияние последовательности предложенных в анкете обстоятельств на поддержку суждений о допустимости аборта при контроле на социально-демографические характеристики респондентов. На примере изменения последовательности медицинского и безусловного сценариев автор показывает, что доля поддержавших оба суждения варьирует от 64% до 88%, а доля не поддержавших ни одного — от 34% до 68%. Влияние порядка вопросов подтвердило статистическую значимость в ходе регрессионного анализа. Вместе с тем порядок появления суждений не повлиял на долю тех, кто не поддерживает ни одного из них, что свидетельствует в пользу гипотезы об относительной устойчивости консервативной позиции.
На основе обзора теоретических и предыдущих эмпирических работ автор подтверждает высокое значение ценностных установок как для формирования ожиданий от того или иного выбора, так и для его совершения. Полученные эмпирические оценки обогащают наши представления о двойственности общественного мнения в отношении допустимости аборта и дополняют дискуссию о связи репродуктивного выбора и ценностных ориентаций.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.
Решение семей о смене школы: контексты выбора
Authors: Заир-Бек Сергей Измаилович , Мерцалова Татьяна Анатольевна , Сенина Наталья Андреевна
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматриваются контексты родительского вторичного выбора школы при ее смене. На данных онлайн-опроса родителей школьников, проведенного в рамках Мониторинга экономики образования в 2020/2021 учебном году, показано, что вторичный выбор школы связан с комплексом контекстных факторов — территориальными особенностями, характеристиками семей и самих обучающихся, спецификой деятельности общеобразовательной организации. Поведение семей, их мотивация к смене школы разнообразны и зависят от ряда объективных и субъективных факторов, которые могут действовать в различных сочетаниях, определяя характер причин смены школы. Причины могут определяться внешними обстоятельствами или образовательными устремлениями и амбициями семей. Так или иначе, смена школы становится поворотным решением в жизни ребенка, которое принимается, как правило, родителями. Выявлено, что значимость смены школы как жизненного события связана с факторами, являющимися стрессовыми для семьи и ребенка. Это касается совмещения процесса смены школы со сменой места жительства, образовательного и социального окружения ребенка, требований, предъявляемых новой школой к его поведению и прилежанию, уровню образовательных результатов. Авторы исследуют различия между теми, кто менял школу однократно и многократно, в том числе в удовлетворенности этих групп школой, в которой их дети обучаются в данный момент. Обнаружено, что родители школьников, менявших школу неоднократно, демонстрируют наиболее высокий уровень неудовлетворенности, а также наибольшую готовность сменить школу снова.
Поведенческие аномалии экономических решений и возможности их преодоления
Authors: Никишина Елена Николаевна , Иванов Владимир Владимирович , Маркова Ольга Анатольевна
Published: July 2024

В статье представлен обзор поведенческих аномалий, проявляющихся в разных сферах жизни человека и на разных этапах принятия решения. Логика описания поведенческих аномалий выстроена в соответствии с возможностью влиять на их возникновение: мы начинаем с аномалий в предпочтениях — наболее устойчивом паттерне, переходя далее к нестандартным убеждениям, которые могут быть скорректированы компаниями и регулирующими органами. Далее мы обсуждаем нестандартное принятие решений — сферу, которая потенциально связана с возможностью государства и фирм влиять на людей. В статье описываются особенности нестандартных предпочтений: 1) предпочтений с точками отсчета, означающих, что человек оценивает полезность объекта в зависимости от тех ориентиров, с которыми он сравнивает его или его характеристики, 2) неустойчивых во времени предпочтений, которые предполагают несовершенство самоконтроля человека и более сильное влияние текущих выгод и издержек на решения по сравнению с отложенными, 3) социальных предпочтений, которые объясняют, как люди реагируют на социальные стимулы, то есть на действия, ожидания и выигрыши других людей. Кроме того, в статье обсуждаются последствия использования людьми несовершенных суждений — смещенных относительно реальности или шумных (статистических суждений, учета мнения других людей, эвристик и др.). Формулировка выбора и восприятие его человеком могут приводить к возникновению аномалий при принятии решений, что лежит в основе архитектуры выбора и теории подталкивания (или наджинга). В заключении авторы суммируют результаты исследований о различиях в выраженности поведенческих аномалий в разных социально-демографических группах, что позволяет использовать обобщенные в статье особенности поведения людей при рассмотрении широкого круга вопросов, связанных с деятельностью компаний и экономической политикой.
Dysphagia Screening and Assessment Questionnaires for Community Population: Systematic Review
Authors: Min, Kyoung-Chul Min, Kyoung-Chul , Kim, Bo-Ra Kim, Bo-Ra , Son, Yeong-Soo Son, Yeong-Soo ,   The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy
Published: July 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis that can be used to guide community-based swallowing rehabilitation programs by confirming the status and characteristics of previously introduced community-based dysphagia assessment tools, through a systematic review. Methods: The composition and characteristics of 13 dysphagia assessment tools were analyzed from 40 papers published between 2011 and 2023, which were identified from PubMed, ProQeust, Embase, and RISS collections, using key search terms of community, discrimination, evaluation, examination, elderly, and dementia. Results: Thirteen questionnaire-type dysphagia assessment tools were used in the community-based rehabilitation environment, six of which were developed for community-dwelling elderly. Most assessments were classified at medium-to-high levels during quality checks. The item analysis assessed fourteen areas, including swallowing (three areas), food (two areas), meal times, drooling, quality of life, emotions, nutrition, oral health, sensation, and posture. Conclusion: For dysphagia management, it is important not only to improve existing medical environments but also to comprehensively manage them in the community. We hope that the
results of this study will facilitate the selection and clinical use of dysphagia evaluations by community swallowing rehabilitation experts.
La igualdad en el control de la constitucionalidad en España
Authors: Chano Regaña Lorena
Published: July 2024

En el constitucionalismo contemporáneo la igualdad se ha convertido en uno de los principales parámetros de control de la constitucionalidad de las leyes y normas con rango de ley a la hora de determinar la constitucionalidad del tratamiento jurídico diferente. Por tratamiento jurídico diferente entendemos las distinciones que hace el legislador entre determinados grupos de personas para dar cumplimiento al mandato de igualdad real y efectiva contenido en el art. 9.2 de la Constitución española. Esta obra analiza la aplicación que ha hecho el Tribunal Constitucional español de la igualdad desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad, con el objetivo de responder a dos cuestiones. La primera, establecer si existe algún modelo de aplicación de la igualdad que haya alcanzado una sustantividad propia y, de ser así, identificar los componentes de este juicio de igualdad. Para ello, se parte de la proporcionalidad como principio estructural y metodológico, del que se suelen servir las Cortes Constitucionales para resolver los conflictos entre derechos fundamentales y las intromisiones del poder legislativo en los derechos y bienes constitucionalmente protegidos. La segunda, estudiar la concepción de la igualdad que aplica el Tribunal Constitucional y determinar si ésta ha evolucionado en el constitucionalismo democrático español, definiendo cuál es esta concepción.
Evaluation of the Quantity and Quality of Antibiotic Use in Inpatient Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Patients at RSUD KRMT Wongsonegoro Semarang
Authors: Gusa Putri Heryalien , Annisaa' Eva , Dini Intan Rahmania Eka
Published: July 2024

Background: Antibiotics are the main drug in the treatment of various infectious diseases. The high use of antibiotics can cause bacterial resistance to antibiotics so it is necessary to evaluate antibiotics both in quantity (amount of antibiotics used) and quality (accuracy of antibiotic use).Objective: This study was conducted to determine the quantity and quality of antibiotic use in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) patients hospitalized at KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang.Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The study materials were medical records of pediatric UTI patients who were hospitalized at KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang. Analysis was performed qualitatively using the Gyssens method and quantitatively using the ATC/DDD and DU90% methods.Results: There were 46 prescriptions from 43 pediatric UTI patients. The most commonly used single antibiotic was ceftriaxone (47.73%). Evaluation of the quantity of antibiotic use obtained the total DDD (Defined Daily Dose) value of pediatric UTI patients in the 2019-2022 period was 40.39 DDD/100 patient-days. Antibiotics that fall into the DU90% segment are ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Evaluation of the quality of antibiotic use obtained 8 of antibiotic use is appropriate/wise.Conclusion: There is still inappropriate antibiotic use in pediatric UTI patients at KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital in 2019-2022.
COMPARISON of BMI and HbA1c 3 MONTHS POST ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS and SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY at SUMBER WARAS HOSPITAL JAKARTA
Authors: Setyadi Julia Clairine , Jeffrey Jeffrey
Published: July 2024

Background: Obesity is a chronic condition that is closely linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bariatric surgery is deemed to be an effective method to reduce weight and induce diabetes remission. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) are the most commonly performed surgical procedures. Objective: This study aimed to find out the efficacy of bariatric surgery including the more effective method between Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy in lowering BMI and improving HbA1c levels. Methods: This study is a cohort retrospective study of 64 patients who underwent laparoscopic RYGB  and SG in January 2020 – September 2023 in Sumber Waras Hospital. Data regarding BMI and HbA1c pre- and 3 months post-surgery were collected and analyzed using SPSS with statistical significance defined as p <0.05. Results: Greater decrease of IMT (p=0,000) and HbA1c (0,013) were observed in patients post laparoscopic RYGB. Meanwhile, in morbidly obese patients (BMI pre-op > 35kg/m2), no significant differences were found in HbA1c changes in both groups (p=0,240).  Conclusion: Laparoscopic RYGB is more effective in lowering BMI and HbA1c compared to laparoscopic SG. However, this comparison does not apply in morbidly obese patients.