bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soils of Lakeside Depressions of Pulsing Chloride Lakes of Internal Runoff in Central Asia: Morphology, Physical-Chemical and Geochemical Features
Authors: Ubugunova V. I. , Ubugunov L. L. , Zhambalova A. D. , Ayushina T. A. , Ubugunov V. L.
Published: April 2024

Data on saline soils of drainless lakeside depressions, which are formed in areas of extra continental climate with a cyclic 25–30-year change in the level of lakes within the arid and humid climatic phases, were obtained first. Different types of soils are shown to be formed on the landscapes adjacent to highly mineralized chloride lakes of southeastern Trans-Baikal Region: on superaqueous–subaqueous positions– gleyic solonchaks (Gleyic Solonchak (Loamic, Chloridic)); on superaqueous – humus–gley saline soils (Calcaric Mollic Gleysol (Arenic, Endosalic, Sodic)); on eluvial-superaqueous – light-humus saline soils (Fluvic Kastanozem (Epiarenic, Amphiloamic, Sodic)). Salinity degree of the soils under the study is different. Salinity chemistry is sodium taking into account cations. Anion content in solonchaks and upper horizon of humus-gley soil is mostly chloride. Soda-chloride and chloride-soda anion composition prevail in other soils. Gleyic solonchaks have strongly alkaline pH values, high content of carbonates, and a sharp dominance of Na+ among exchangeable cations. Many chemical elements are concentrated in the solonchakous horizon (Sr, S, Li, Mg, Ca); a high content of As is a regional feature. The humus-gley saline soil has the same properties as the light-humus saline soil in terms of physico-chemical parameters, and in terms of elemental composition and texture as solonchaks. This is due to it functions periodically in a semihydromorphic or hydromorphic regimes when changing the arid and humid phases. The high level of groundwater contributes to the enrichment of soils with the elements typomorphic for lake waters. The paleohydromorphic stage of development has been established to be recorded in lower layers of light-humus saline soil in the form of a high content of easily soluble salts and carbonates. The geochemical specialization of soil-forming rocks is associated with the significant accumulation of As, as well as concentration of Li, Ba, and Pb. It was also revealed that low Ca/Sr ratio is their geochemical feature. The use of cluster analysis of indicators of soils under the study revealed that both dynamic and stable soil parameters are reflected in humus-gley soil and it is recommended for monitoring of the dynamics of endorheic lakeside ecosystems in Central Asia with cyclic climatic phases.
The New Type of Inertial Navigation Systems
Authors: Zhuravlev V. Ph.
Published: April 2024

An inertial system of a new type has the smallest possible dimension. It differs from the already known inertial systems, platform and strapdown, in that it allows you to do without gyroscopes and blocks for integrating Poisson’s equations, simultaneously combining the functions of an apparent acceleration sensor.
Electrodynamic Modeling of a Morgan Double-Layer Lens
Authors: Bankov S. E. , Duplenkova M. D.
Published: April 2024

A multibeam antenna based on a Morgan double-layer lens in the form of plane waveguides coupled via a frequency-periodic array is investigated. The lens synthesis problems are considered. The analytical model of coupled plane waveguides is constructed. The model uses the equivalent boundary conditions. It is verified using the electromagnetic modeling in the HFSS system. An approximate electromagnetic model of the antenna is proposed. The model is based on the representation of the structure electromagnetic field inthe form of radial waves of coupled plane waveguides of the fundamental type. It is shown that, in the doublelayer lens, the effect of its shading by irradiators is substantially attenuated. This fact makes it possible to form the system of rays with fan-shaped patterns, which provides for the space view in the azimuth angle sector of 360°. The possibility of formation of narrow rays with the low level of the side and back irradiation is demonstrated.
Electronic Quotation and Optical Sampling of a Photonic Analog to Digital Converter at Rates up to 10 GS/s
Authors: Dadashev M. S. , Zemtsov D. S. , Zlokazov E. Yu. , Nebavskii V. A. , Osipov V. G. , Pavlov P. A. , Romanov A. S. , Starikov R. S. , Khafizov I. Zh.
Published: April 2024

An experimental photonic analog-to-digital converter designed for X-band signal processing is presented. The functioning of the created device in laboratory and field conditions was studied.
Acoustic Study of Changes in the Breath during Human Mental Activity
Authors: Gerus A. V. , Gerasimov V. V. , Mirgorodsky V. I. , Korablev E. M.
Published: April 2024

Acoustic signals coming from the human head during mental activity are experimentally studied. Acoustic signals that differ from the signals during relaxation are revealed. Calculation of the multiplication table in the mind is used as mental activity. It is shown that the differences are due to a variation in the breathing pattern. It is also shown that the most informative signals related to respiration are observed from the crown region (at a point close to Cz used in encephalography) and the signals related to pulse activity are observed from the temple region (at point T3).
Rigorous Electrodynamic Analysis of a Cylindrical Lens Consisting of Hollow Perfectly Conductive Cylinders
Authors: Donets I. V. , Lerer A. M. , Tsvetkovskaya S. M.
Published: April 2024

A fast and rigorous method is developed for the electrodynamic analysis of an infinite cylindrical lens made of an artificial material, which is an array of hollow conducting cylinders of finite length and finite wall thickness, identically oriented along the lens axis. It is shown that the method makes it possible to calculate the characteristics of lenses consisting of multiple elements using a personal computer. The focusing properties of the lens are studied. The method is an alternative to and a technique to verify the approach based on the analysis of a lens made of a homogenized material with a refractive index of an infinite 3D photonic crystal.
Suppression of Sidelobes Directed to the Underlying Surface for Phase-Only-Controlled Phased Arrays
Authors: Krivosheev Yu. V. , Khaikhan A. V.
Published: April 2024

The method of phase synthesis is used to suppress the lower sidelobes (SLs) of he radiation pattern (RP) of phased arrays (PAs). The dependences of variations in the RP parameters on the level of the lower SLs are derived, and the limiting possibilities of the method for suppression of the SLs are determined. A scenario in which lower SLs are suppressed only starting from a certain arbitrary SL is also considered. It is shown that, in this case, it is possible to achieve a lower level of SL and less worsening of the remaining RP parameters.
Field Effects in the Electrical Conductivity of Platinum/Diamond-Like Carbon/Platinum Capacitor Structures
Authors: Vedeneev A. S. , Rylkov V. V. , Luzanov V. A. , Nikolaev S. N. , Kozlov A. M. , Bugaev A. S.
Published: April 2024

The field dependences of the electrical conductivity of Pt/diamond-like carbon (DLC)/Pt structures based on thin layers of high-resistivity DLC are studied. It is shown that the nonohmic behavior of theconductance of structures is described by the Frenkel–Poole formula and is related to correlated distribution of charges under conditions of their percolation hopping transport between low-resistance DLC regions.
Changes in the Individual and Group Composition of Polyphenols in Leaves of Lonicera caerulea subsp. altaica and Spiraea chamaedryfolia as Related to the Chemical Elements Content in Soil and Plants on the Ultra-Alkaline Parent Rock Material
Authors: Boyarskykh I. G. , Kostikova V. A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—A comparative analysis of the main classes of biologically active polyphenols in extracts from the leaves of the medicinal species Spiraea chamaedryfolia L. (Rosaceae) and Lonicera caerulea L. (Caprifoliaceae) was performed. The features related to the macro- and trace elements’ content in soil and phytomass in coenopopulations of the Mountain Altai at the site with sporadic occurrence of serpentinites were studied. In the S. chamaedryfolia leaves high performance liquid chromatography identified 16 polyphenolic compounds. These polyphenols were attributed to different classes, namely phenol-carboxylic acids (3), flavonols (10), flavons (2) and one flavanon. As for the L. caerulea leaves, the analysis confirmed their polyphenolic composition, measured earlier, i.e. the presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and flavons; but additionally, one more compound, identified as flavanone, was found. The study revealed species-specific shifts in plant secondary metabolism in response to specific edaphic properties and the level of macro- and trace elements accumulation in the leaves of plants, growing in the area with a natural geochemical anomaly.
Breeding System of Thymus mongolicus (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Gordeeva N. I. , Talovskaya E. B.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—Thymus mongolicus (Ronniger) Ronniger (Lamiaceae) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant. T. mongolicus is the implicitly polycentric dwarf shrub widely distributed in different environments of Tuva. The breeding system of T. mongolicus was studied in three steppe and meadow habitats. Statistically significant differences between bisexual and pistillate flowers of T. mongolicus were established based on three morphological features of the flower: the length of the upper lip of the corolla and the length of stamen filament of the upper and lower stamens (p 0.0001–0.016). The length of the upper lip of corolla of the bisexual flower is 1.3 times longer than that of the pistillate flower; the lengths of stamen filaments of upper and lower stamens of bisexual flowers are 3.7 and 4.1 times longer (respectively) than the length of staminodes of pistillate flowers. The stamens of the pistillate flowers are underdeveloped and do not form fertile pollen. The frequency of females occurrence in coenopopulations is insignificant (2.1–3.4% of the total number of generative individuals), and females are absent in some phytocoenoses. Reproduction of T. mongolicus occurs both by seed and vegetatively. The distribution of T. mongolicus individuals by ontogenetic groups showed that both pregenerative individuals (33.0–38.1% of the total number of individuals) and generative individuals (31.2–63.7%) are well represented in cenopopulations. Analysis of the ratio of genets and ramets in the steppe petrophyte coenopopulation showed the significant predominance of the vegetative individuals in all ontogenetic groups: in general, there are 3.7 times more ramets than genets. In the meadow coenopopulation, the germination of seeds and the spread of generative individuals is prevented by the relatively high total projective cover of the herbage. It can be assumed that the low occurrence of T. mongolicus females is a-ssociated with a low seed renewal and specificity of offspring inheritance.
Non-Equilibrium Shells around Precipitates During the Decomposition of a Three-Component Alloy
Authors: Razumov I. K.
Published: April 2024

The kinetic theory of diffusion over vacancies is used to obtain expressions for the fluxes of atoms in a three-component alloy. This hole gas approach allows us to express kinetic coefficients in terms of the coefficients of diffusion of labeled atoms from microscopic considerations. The conditions for the formation of nonequilibrium impurity shells are revealed by studying the kinetics of decomposition using these expressions. These shells can considerably inhibit the growth of precipitates and change the properties of the alloy.
Nanothermodynamics on the Example of Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Samsonov V. M. , Vasilev S. A. , Talyzin I. V. , Nebyvalova K. K. , Puitov V. V.
Published: April 2024

After analyzing the problem of extending the Gibbs surface excess method to nanoscale objects, two different approaches to the application of the Gibbs method for finding the specific surface energy of metal nanoparticles are being considered. The first approach involves the use of the local coordination approximation to estimate the specific surface energy of icosahedral FCC metal nanoparticles (magic nanoclusters). For the first time, we have drawn attention to the fact that for such a nanocluster, it is possible to accurately calculate both the fraction of surface atoms and the values of the first coordination number in the inner region of the nanoparticle and on its surface (faces, edges, and vertices). The second approach implemented by us earlier for spherical Au nanoparticles and here for FCC Pt nanoparticles, involves the complex application of the Gibbs method adapted for nanoparticles and the results of molecular dynamics simulation. Estimates using both approaches agree with the experimental values of the surface energy corresponding to the flat surface of the bulk phases of the corresponding metals. In the final section of the work, the limits of applicability of thermodynamics to nanosystems are discussed.
SEMINAR ON COMPUTER ALGEBRA IN 2021–2022
Authors: ABRAMOV S. A. , BOGOLYUBSKAYA A. A.
Published: April 2024

Annual report on the work of the research seminar on computer algebra
APPLICATION OF SIMULATED COMPUTER SIMULATION TO THE TASK OF PERSONAL DEPERSONALIZATION DATA. MODEL AND ALGORITHM FOR DECONTAMINATION BY SYNTHESIS
Authors: Borisov S. A. , Bosov A. A. , Ivanov D. E.
Published: April 2024

The second part of the study on the topic of automated depersonalization of personal data is presented. The review and analysis of the prospects for research, performed earlier, is supplemented here by a practical result. A model of the depersonalization process is proposed, reducing task of ensuring anonymity of personal data to manipulation of samples of different types of random elements. Accordingly, the key idea of transforming data to ensure their anonymity, provided that utility is maintained, is to apply the synthesis method, i.e. complete replacement of all unpublished data with synthetic values. The proposed model identifies a set of element types for which synthesis patterns are proposed. The set of patterns compiles the depersonalization algorithm by the synthesis method. Methodically, each template is based on a typical statistical tool – frequency probability estimates, nuclear Rosenblatt-Parsen density estimates, statistical averages and covariances. The application of the algorithm is illustrated by a simple example from the field of civil air transportation.
Targeting Liposomes Loaded with DNA Mimetics for the Directional Elimination of Tumor Cells
Authors: Shramova E. I. , Proshkina G. M. , Deyev S. M.
Published: April 2024

The article presents an innovative method for the targeted elimination of tumor cells of a certain molecular profile by inactivating the transcription of genes of common subunits of human RNA polymerases using complementary DNA mimetics delivered into cells inside liposomes modified on the outer surface with targeting molecules. It was shown that inactivation of genes of RNA polymerase common subunits Rpb5, Rpb6, or Rpb8 by the proposed method, depending on the chosen target, causes death of up to 50% of HER2-positive human breast cancer cells in culture.
Reversible Increase in Resistance of A-431 Carcinoma Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Confluent Cultures Corresponds to a Decrease in Expression of DR4 and DR5 Receptors
Authors: Fadeev R. S. , Dolgikh N. V. , Chekanov A. V. , Senotov A. S. , Krasnov K. S. , Kobyakova M. I. , Lomovskaya Ya. V. , Fadeevа I. S. , Akatov V. S.
Published: April 2024

TRAIL (TNF alpha Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand) cytokine is of great interest for the development of targeted antitumor drugs. We have previously found a reversible increase in tumour cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in confluent cultures. In this work we show that increase in resistance of A-431 cells to TRAIL-induced death in confluent culture is associated with reduced expression of pro-apoptotic receptors DR4 and DR5 with absence of anti-apoptotic receptors DcR1 and DcR2 on cell surface. Decreased representation of DR4 and DR5 receptors on the cell surface is accompanied by a lack of activation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bid, effector caspase 3 under the action of recombinant protein izTRAIL, which leads to an increase in TRAIL resistance. Our results indicate that reversible increase in resistance of human carcinoma A-431 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in confluent cultures is caused by decrease in expression of DR4 and DR5 receptors on cell surface.
Application of N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-p-Phenylenediamine and α,ω-Hexadecanedioic Acid for Determination of the H+/O Ratios of Complexes III and IV of the Liver Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain under Free Respiration Conditions
Authors: Samartsev V. N. , Semenova A. A. , Belosludtsev K. N. , Dubinin M. V.
Published: April 2024

Stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in state 4 without changes in passive proton leakage is known to be accompanied by a decrease in the H+/O ratio (Luvisetto et al., 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 1034–1042). In the present work, it was found that during the oxidation of succinate by liver mitochondria, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and α,ω-hexadecanedioic acid (HDA) effectively stimulate respiration in state 4, and their action, unlike the protonophore uncoupler DNP, is not caused by an increase in the proton conductivity of the inner membrane. Under these conditions, TMPD and HDA do not significantly affect the efficiency of oxidative ATP synthesis and energy transformation by complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). The data obtained are considered as evidence that during the oxidation of succinate by liver mitochondria, TMPD and HDA selectively disable ETC complex III from energy transformation. It is theoretically substantiated that, under these conditions, the H+/O ratio can be determined based on the ratio of respiratory rates in the absence and presence of TMPD and HDA. Based on this model, we considered the change in the H+/O ratio depending on the stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in state 4 by TMPD and HDA. It has been established that under the influence of TMPD or HDA, the value of the H+/O ratio decreases during the oxidation of succinate from 6 to the limiting values of 2. We conclude that in liver mitochondria during free respiration, in contrast to the oxidative ATP synthesis, the values of the H+/O ratio are 4 and 2 for complexes III and IV, respectively.
Electron Transport in Chloroplast Membranes of Shade-Tolerant and Light-Loving Tradescantia Species
Authors: Suslichenko I. S. , Benkov M. A. , Kovalishina D. А. , Petrova M. O. , Trubitsin B. V. , Tikhonov A. N.
Published: April 2024

In this work we investigated the electron transport processes in chloroplasts of two contrasting species of Tradescantia, the shade-tolerant species T. fluminenesis and the light-loving species T. sillamontana, grown under moderate or strong light conditions. Plants were acclimated to a moderate or high intensity of photosynthetically active radiation. Photochemical activity of Photosystem 2 (PS2) was assayed by measuring chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence, using the OJIP test, and by monitoring a slow induction of Chl a fluorescence (SIF) in Tradescantia leaves in vivo and in situ. The coefficient of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl a fluorescence was determined from the SIF kinetics. Photochemical activity of photosystem 1 (PS1) was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance from the light-induced redox transients of P700, photoreaction center of PS1. Shade-tolerant (T. fluminenesis) and light-loving (T. sillamontana) species showed clear differences in their photosynthetic characteristics depending on long-term (up to 5 months) acclimatization to moderate (50–125 µmol photons m–2 s–1) or strong (850–1000 µmol photons m–2 s–1) irradiation with photosynthetically active white light. In the leaves of light-loving species T. sillamontana, the photosynthetic characteristics changed only slightly upon variations of light intensity. Leaves of the shade-tolerant species T. fluminenesis exhibited a pronounced sensitivity to changes in light intensity during acclimatization, showing a reversible increase in NPQ accompanied by an attenuation of PS2 photochemistry. After the reduction of light intensity, photochemical activity of PS2 recovered.
Effects of Plant Acclimation on Electron Transport in Chloroplast Membranes of Cucumis sativus and Cucumis melo
Authors: Benkov M. A. , Suslichenko I. S. , Trubitsin B. V. , Tikhonov A. N.
Published: April 2024

In this work, we have studied photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts of two “contrasting” species of Cucumis genus, the shade-tolerant species Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and the light-loving species Cucumis melo (melon). Plants were acclimated to moderate (50–125 μmole photons m−2 s−1) or high light (850–1000 μmole photons m−2 s−1). Parameters of a fast induction of chlorophyll a fluorescence, emitted from photosystem 2 (PS2), were determined using a conventional OJIP test. For monitoring the turnover of photosystem 1 (PS1) reaction centers \({\text{{Р}}}_{{700}}^{ + }\), we used electron paramagnetic resonance. The shade-tolerant (C. sativus) and light-loving (C. melo) species, acclimation to high or low light irradiation, revealed substantial difference in their response to variations of light intensity. Photosynthetic activity of shade-tolerant species C. sativus revealed higher sensitivity to light intensity during acclimation as compared to C. melo. In the course of the long-term acclimation (more than 2 months) of С. sativum to high light (≥ 500 μmole photons m−2 m−1), a photochemical activity of PS2 decreased. This was not the case, however, for leaves of C. melo. In С. sativus leaves, a decrease in photochemical activity of PS2 caused by acclimation to high light was reversible, demonstrating the recovery after the attenuation of irradiation intensity. Plants of both species acclimated to high and low light also revealed significant differences in the two-phase kinetics of \({\text{{Р}}}_{{700}}^{ + }\) redox transients. In the leaves of plants acclimated to strong light, we observed a lag-phase in the kinetics of \({\text{{Р}}}_{{700}}^{ + }\) photooxidation that could be attributed to cyclic electron transport (CET) around PS1. The ratio of the signals induced by white light and far-red light (707 nm) was higher in plants acclimated to strong light. This effect can be explained by the enhancement of CET and optimization of the energy balance at excess of light, protecting plants from oxidative stress. The data obtained are discussed in the context of the problem of photosynthesis optimization upon fluctuations of light intensity.
Interaction of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Primary 5XFAD Mice Hippocampus Culture Depending on Cocultivation Method
Authors: Chaplygina A. V. , Zhdanova D. Y. , Kovalev V. I. , Poltavtseva R. A. , Bobkova N. V.
Published: April 2024

In this work we studied the mutual influence of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) isolated from Wharton’s jelly of human umbilical cord and primary culture of hippocampal cells obtained from transgenic mice 5XFAD, used as an animal model of inherited form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Experimental protocols included both direct and indirect co-cultivation of MMSCs with hippocampal cells from transgenic animals. It was shown that in the conditions of indirect co-culture, the aggressive environment of cultured transgenic cells significantly decreases the survival rate and adhesiveness of MMSCs. However, preliminary priming of MMSCs with proteins YB-1 and HSP70 improved the survival and adhesive properties of MMSCs. It was also found that the interactions of MMSCs with cultured hippocampal cells depend on cell culture age. Old cultures of transgenic cells induced differentiation of MMSC into astrocytes, both during direct and indirect co-cultivation. In contrast, in young cultures of transgenic cells, during contact co-cultivation, MMSCs played the role of specific strands that promoted clustering of hippocampal cells in the culture and the formation of neurospheres. The interaction between MMSCs and neural cells occurred through gap junctions and nanotubes. Our findings expand the understanding of interactions between MMSCs and recipient cells, which allows us to revise the conditions of cellular transplantation therapy for pathological processes in the brain of AD patients.
Complement System As a Common Link in the Pathogenesis of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Blinova M. S. , Generalova G. A. , Emirova Kh. M. , Popov E. G. , Tsvetaeva N. V. , Vasiliev S. A. , Avdonin P. P.
Published: April 2024

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children. The main causes of HUS are infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing bacteria: hemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae type 1. They account for up to 90% of all cases of HUS. The remaining 10% represent a heterogeneous group of diseases collectively referred to as atypical HUS. The pathogenesis of most cases of atypical HUS is based on congenital or acquired disorders in the complement system. Over the past decades, evidence has accumulated that, in addition to E. coli and Sh. dysenteriae type 1, a wide variety of bacterial and viral infections, including the pathogens of pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae, immunodeficiency virus, H1N1 influenza, and a new coronavirus infection, can cause the development of HUS. In particular, infectious diseases act as the main cause of recurrence of atypical HUS. This review presents summarized data from recent studies, indicating that in various types of infectious HUS, disturbances in the complement system are a key pathogenetic factor. The links in the complement system are considered, the dysregulation of which in bacterial and viral infections can lead to complement hyperactivation with subsequent damage to the microvascular endothelium and the development of acute renal failure.
Lipid Membrane Electroporation Cannot Be Described by the Constant Line Tension Model of the Pore Edge
Authors: Gifer P. K. , Batishchev O. V.
Published: April 2024

We have studied the process of electroporation of bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) from dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC). We obtained experimental data on the average lifetime of the membrane as a function of applied voltage in the range of 200–375 mV. The analysis of the data obtained showed that the dependence is nonmonotonic and cannot be described in terms of the classical theory of electroporation. These results are consistent with modern models of the process of through conductive pores formation in a membrane. The above models imply a complex pore energy profile and its dependence on membrane tension and external electric field. Thus, we have shown that the classical theory of electroporation does not satisfy the experimentally observed dependencies of the average membrane lifetime on the applied potential difference and requires further refinement.
Assessment of the Toxic Effect of 2-(Chlorodinitromethyl)-4-Methoxy-6-(4-Methylpiperazine-1-yl)-1,3,5-Triazine by Respiratory Activity of Lymphocytes
Authors: Iliasov P. V. , Limareva L. V. , Sizova A. I. , Zalomlenkov V. A. , Kuricyna A. P.
Published: April 2024

A method for evaluation of metabolic characteristics of intact cells based on electrochemical registration of their respiratory activity was used to monitor a reaction of lymphocytes to a potential pharmacological agent, 2-(chlorodinitromethyl)-4-methoxy-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine. The method ensured an estimation of cytotoxicity of the test compound and made it possible to determine its minimum toxic concentrations for human lymphocytes. It was shown that the obtained results agree with the data of a reference method – MTT-based cell viability assay.
Spectral Characteristics of the Plant Cell Surface: Occurrence of Azulenes and Biogenic Amines
Authors: Roshchina V. V. , Yashin V. A. , Kunyev A. R.
Published: April 2024

Spectral properties of the surface of plant cells at various evolutionary levels from unicellular (diatoms, horsetail, and fern spores) to multicellular (woody and herbaceous species) organisms have been studied. It was shown that the surface layers of the cuticle and cell wall of a number of analyzed plants included antioxidants – blue pigments azulenes. Using histochemical methods, it was found that neurotransmitter compounds – biogenic amines – are present as excretions on the entire surface or specialized secretory structures of leaves. Under conditions of high salt concentration, dopamine and histamine are secreted, which is blocked by the addition of exogenous azulene and proazulene grosshemine. It is assumed that the azulene-containing surface protects cells from the formed reactive oxygen species and biogenic amines that are toxic at high concentrations.
The Role of Post-Translational Protein Acetylation and Deacetylation in the Apoptosis of Neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Dzreyan V. A. , Demyanenko S. V.
Published: April 2024

Neurotrauma is among the main causes of human disability and mortality. However, the mechanisms that mediate the survival and death of cells in the peripheral nervous system are still not fully understood. The transcription factors p53 and E2F1 are the master regulators of basic cellular functions, including DNA repair, cell cycle, metabolism, and apoptosis. Overexpression of p53 and E2F1, shown in a number of experimental models of peripheral nerve injury, suggests an important role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of neurotrauma. This review discusses the epigenetic mechanisms of p53 and E2F1 activation and regulation, which may contribute to the survival or death of neurons and glial cells after traumatic injury. Prospects for further studies of the mechanisms of regulation of the p53 and E2F1 proteins, including those involving histone deacetylases, for the development of neuroprotectors are considered.
Spatial Organization of the Components of the Serotonergic System in the Early Mouse Development
Authors: Frolova V. S. , Ivanova A. D. , Konorova M. S. , Shmukler Yu. B. , Nikishin D. A.
Published: April 2024

Serotonin is a regulator of early embryonic development and has a fully functional system in preimplantation mammalian embryos. In this work, we described the spatial distribution of serotonin, the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2, and the serotonin receptors 5-HT1D and 5-HT2A at different stages of early mouse embryonic development. Serotonin, the VMAT2 transporter, and the 5-HT1D receptor are visualized in the cortical compartment of cells, whereas the 5-HT2A receptor has a more uniform distribution throughout the cytoplasm. Comparison of the sizes of the immunoreactive particles showed that there are no statistically significant differences between serotonin and the VMAT2 transporter, which may indicate the presence of specific vesicles containing serotonin. In addition, the two serotonin receptors, 5-HT1D and 5-HT2A, showed a markedly different pattern of immunoreactivity, which may indicate that they simultaneously serve different functions in early embryogenesis.
ATP Causes Contraction of Denervated Skeletal Muscles
Authors: Khairullin A. E. , Teplov A. Y. , Grishin S. N. , Ziganshin A. U.
Published: April 2024

In this work we investigated the ability of humoral agonists (and their stable analogues) to induce contractions in mouse denervated m. soleus and m. EDL. Previously, we had found a change in the effectiveness of the modulating effect of ATP under the influence of some non-physiological factors in the neuromuscular synapses of rodents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ATP on the contractility of isolated skeletal muscles of mice after traumatic denervation. It was shown that 28-day denervation led to an increase in the strength of contractions of m. soleus and m. EDL induced by an acetylcholine analog. The application of ATP caused the contraction of denervated but not intact muscles. In the presence of a non-selective antagonist of the P2 receptors suramin, the effect of ATP ceased. We assume that the observed ATP-induced contraction can be accounted for by activation of postsynaptic P2X receptors in denervated muscles. Apparently, this effect is caused by an increase in the expression of postsynaptic receptors in response to a violation of neurotrophic control and the conductive ability of the nerve fiber.
Interferon α2b As a Modulator of the Afferent Glutamatergic Synapse of the Frog Vestibular Apparatus
Authors: Ryzhova I. V. , Korneva E. A. , Tobias T. V. , Protasov E. A. , Vershinina E. A.
Published: April 2024

Reportedly, the innate and adaptive immunity molecules can modulate the synaptic activity of the central nervous system. Interferons are widely used in the treatment of oncological and viral diseases. Even though interferons are classified as ototoxic substances, the mechanism of their effect on the synaptic activity of the inner ear remains unexplored. Here, we analyzed modulating influences of interferon α2b (IFN-α2b) on the function of afferent glutamatergic synapse in the conditions of drug application to the synaptic zone. The experiments were performed on the isolated vestibular apparatus of a frog (Rana temporaria) using an electrophysiological method. IFN-α2b (0.2–40 ng/mL) caused an increase in the background pulse activity of afferent fibers, followed by a decrease in the frequency of discharges, usually at high concentrations of the interferon. Besides, IFN-α2b decreased the glutamate (L-Glu) evoked response and modulated the level of afferent fiber activity restored by L-Glu under the conditions of blockade of the glutamate release from hair cells in hyper-Mg2+ and hypo-Ca2+ solution. This suggests the postsynaptic effect of IFN-α2b. The presented data indicate the neuromodulating effect of interferon on the synaptic activity of the afferent synapse of the vestibular apparatus.
Effect of Hydrogen Sulphide on Spontaneous Contractions of the Rat Jejunum. Role of KV-, KCa-, and Kir-Channels
Authors: Sorokina D. M. , Shaidullov I. F. , Buchareb D. , Sitdikov F. G. , Sitdikova G. F.
Published: April 2024

In this work, we analyzed the role of voltage-gated (KV), calcium-activated (KCa), and inward-rectifier potassium channels (Kir) in the effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) donor sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) on the spontaneous contractile activity of the rat jejunum. Experiments were performed on jejunum segments under isometric contraction conditions. It was shown that NaHS reduced the basal tension of the segments, the amplitude, and the frequency of spontaneous contractions in a dose-dependent manner (10–500 μM); the half-effective concentration (EC50) of the inhibitory effect of NaHS on amplitude was 165 μM. The KV channel blocker 4-AP (200 µM) increased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and subsequent application of NaHS (200 μM) suppressed the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous activity as well as in the control; the effect on tonic tension was less pronounced. TEA (3 mM), a non-specific blocker, and paxillin (1 µM), a specific blocker of large conductance KСа (ВK) channels, increased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions, while the inhibitory effect of NaHS was completely preserved. The selective blocker of small conductance KCa (SK) channels NS8593 (4 μM) did not affect the tension and the parameters of spontaneous contractions and did not prevent the effects of NaHS. Diazoxide (100 μM), the opener of КATP channels, caused a decrease in the basal tone, the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. Diazoxide and KATP channel blocker glibenclamide (50 μM) prevented the effects of NaHS on the basal tone. The Kir-channel blocker BaCl2 (30 µM) increased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and eliminated the inhibitory effects of NaHS on the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions, and the basal tension decrease was less pronounced compared to control. Thus, a decrease in the tonic tension of a rat jejunum preparation under the action of an H2S donor is associated with the activation of Kir, including КATP channels, while the effects of H2S on the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions are mediated by an increase in Ba2+-sensitive conductance.
CALCULATION OF THE MELTING POINTS OF ALKALI HALIDES USING THE THERMODYNAMIC PERTURBATION THEORY
Authors: Davydov A. G. , Tkachev N. K.
Published: April 2024

A model for calculating phase equilibria between a liquid and a crystal is proposed, which makes it possible to evaluate the melting points of ionic compounds. The dependence of the melting temperatures of alkali halides on the cation-anion composition can be described in terms of ionic radii and polarizabilities using thermodynamic perturbation theory for the molten phase. The chemical potential of the crystal phase contains the Born-Mayer formula for the electrostatic part of the energy and the Debye formula for the vibration contribution. The full system of equations describing the equilibrium between liquid and solid includes not only the equality of chemical potentials, but also contains the equation of state to calculate the equilibrium density of melts at the crystallization point. One more equation of the system is necessary for the self-consistent computation of the characteristic Blum’s screening parameter within the mean spherical model of the ionic mixture. On this basis, the melting points of fluorides, chlorides, bromides and iodides of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium have been calculated. It has been shown that the combination of the reference mean-spherical model of charged hard spheres with different diameters and the perturbation due to the charge-induced dipoles into the chemical potentials of molten salts is a good basis for quantitative agreement with experimental data on the melting temperatures within a few percent. Moreover, the regularities of the change in the melting temperatures reduced to the Coulomb energy at the maximum contact of the cation and anion, as well as depending on the difference in the ionic radii of the salts, are discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF COBALT ON DENSITY AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF Al–Ni–Co–Ce ALLOYS IN CRYSTALLINE AND LIQUID STATES
Authors: Rusanov B. A. , Sidorov V. E. , Sterkhov E. V. , Petrova S. A. , Rusanova A. I. , Sabirzyanov A. A. , Sidorova E. E.
Published: April 2024

In this work were studied density (by gamma-absorption method) and electrical resistivity (by contactless method in rotating magnetic field) of Al–Ni–Co–Ce glass-forming alloys with different ratios of transition metals. It was found the existence of a wide two-phase zone was established and jump-like changes in properties at solidus and liquidus temperatures. Increasing of cobalt content from 2 to 4 at % leads to 2% decrease of density and 3% increase of electrical resistivity in crystalline and liquid states. Temperature coefficients of change in properties were calculated. Density hysteresis was detected, which occurs when melts are overheated above 1350 K. This fact is related to the disintegration of large-scale microheterogeneities that exist in melts during heating. It is shown that these results can be used to optimize the process of obtaining rapidly hardened alloys.
A Maneuver of Escape from the Vicinity of a Collinear Libration Point Using Light Pressure Forces
Authors: Shymanchuk D. V. , Shmyrov A. S. , Shmyrov V. A.
Published: April 2024

The orbital motion of a spacecraft with a solar sail in the vicinity of the Sun–Earth collinear libration point is studied. The study is carried out within the Hill approximation of the circular restricted three-body problem. The collinear libration point is unstable, but instability can be a positive factor in the tasks of maneuvering in interplanetary space. This is because a small change in velocity near an unstable libration point can lead to a significant change in orbital motion. This property can be used in the development of projects to counteract the comet–asteroid hazard. A scheme for constructing the trajectories of interception of a spacecraft with a potentially hazardous object is proposed. One of the stages of this scheme, an optimal escape from the vicinity of the libration point using light pressure forces, is considered. The results of numerical simulations are presented.
Derivation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Line (RCPCMi009-A-1) with Knockout of the UBE2A Gene by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
Authors: Khomyakova E. A. , Fedorenko A. V. , Surdina A. V. , Volovikov E. A. , Belikova L. D. , Zerkalenkova E. A. , Lagarkova M. A. , Bogomazova A. N.
Published: April 2024

The deletions and mutations in the UBE2A gene cause X-linked mental retardation syndrome of Nascimento type first described in 2006 (Nascimento et al., 2006). To study the role of the UBE2A gene in neurodevelopment, we generated a human iPSC line with knockout of the UBE2A gene (RCPCMi009-A-1) using genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The knockout of the UBE2A gene was confirmed by Western blotting. The pluripotent state of the RCPCMi009-A-1 iPSCs line was confirmed by typical stem cell morphology, normal male karyotype maintenance, expression of pluripotency markers and the ability to differentiate into three germ layers.
Purification Method Optimization of Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor rhPDGF-BB Expressed in Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: Misterova A.-A. V. , Chicherin V. A. , Gerasimov A. S.
Published: April 2024

Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor rhPDGF-BB is one of the major cytokines, which has been approved for medical use. Medical drug “becaplermin”, containing rhPDGF-BB has been approved for neuropathic ulcer and severe skin burns treatment, as well as in periodontal surgery (in combination with osteoconductive matrices). In this article, we sought to optimize purification process to obtain high purity rhPDGF-BB using methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris – a production host for rhPDGF-BB. A faster and simpler chromatography purification method has been suggested which allows to obtain rhPDGF-BB with purity 98% as determined by SDS-PAGE and containing host cell proteins (HCP) 33 ± 4 ng/mg, as measured by ELISA. The effective proliferative dose of rhPDGF-BB measured by WST-1 proliferative assay on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell culture is 5.02 ± 2.64 ng/mL, which is comparable to commercially available analogues. The optimized method can be attractive for production scale use.
Near-ideal predictors and causal filters for discrete-time signals
Authors: Dokuchaev N. G
Published: April 2024

The paper presents linear predictors and causal lters for discrete-time signals featuring some di erent kinds of spectrum degeneracy. These predictors and lters are based on approximation of ideal noncausal transfer functions by causal transfer functions represented by polynomials of the Z-transform of the unit step signal.
The state and environmental challenges: views and approaches in Latin America
Authors: Shinkarenko Aleksandr A.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the approaches of Latin American states in the face of environmental challenges. In particular, the topic of environmental issues’ influence on the political process of thе region is studied. This process can be interpreted not only as a demonstration of local «core-periphery» relations in Latin American states, but also as part of a general trend in postcolonial studies. The theories of development and postdevelopment, as well as local alternative models that have manifested themselves in the socio-political discourse of the Andean countries, are analyzed. Certain elements of their experience can be applied throughout the region, as well as contribute to the development of regional instruments for the protection of environmental rights, and therefore become an incentive for further implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The role of J. Basanavičius in the making of lithuanian nationalism
Authors: Kilimnik Evgeniy V.
Published: April 2024

Based on the cultural-philosophical approach, the shaping of the ideology of Lithuanian nationalism in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries are examined. The theoretical and methodological foundation of the study consists of the analysis of journalistic and social activities of the “father of the Lithuanian people” Jonas Basanavičius. The task is set to identify the main ethnic inconsistencies and cultural and historical contradictions in the ideological concept of the origin of the Lithuanian language and Lithuanian national self-identification theory created by J. Basanavičius. It is revealed that in his ideological and nationalist works J. Basanavičius artificially formed the Lithuanian national identity, which does not have documentary and historical confirmation. The purpose of J. Basanavičius’ work was to counteract Russian national policy, as well as to create an independent state entity - Lithuania.
Opportunities and achievements in the field of education in Russia and the Visegrad countries
Authors: Pauhofova Iveta , Bukharbaeva Lilia Y. , Ibragimova Zulfiya F. , Frants Marina V.
Published: April 2024

The dynamics of inequality of educational achievements and opportunities in school education in Russia and the countries of the Visegrad group are studied. The study is based on the data of the “International Program for the Assessment of Educational Achievements of Students” (PISA) for 2003-2018. The methodology for assessing the inequality of possibilities is based on a parametric approach and ex-ante determination of the equality of possibilities. Research novelty is determined by the fact that an assessment of an important component of the inequality of educational achievements - the inequality of opportunities - is carried out. The idea of dividing inequality into unfair and fair components is justified within the framework of the theory of equal opportunities developed by Western social philosophy in the second half of the XX century. The completed calculations indicate that each of the countries under consideration is unique. The most problematic are Slovakia and Hungary, which have a downward trend in the average level of educational achievements and a high level of inequality of opportunities. Poland looks the most successful with an increase in educational results and a decrease in inequality of opportunities. In the Russian Federation there is an upward trend in reading and mathematical literacy, while natural science literacy stagnates. The level of inequality of opportunities in the Russian Federation is relatively low with a slight downward trend.
Human model as a key to understanding ideology (on the non-marxist alternative to liberalism)
Authors: Egorov Dmitry G.
Published: April 2024

The author proposes his undestanding of ideology. It is shown that the existence of global ideological alternatives (liberalism and socialism) is based on two fundamentally different sets of human values. Criticism of Marxism as paneconomism is given. It is substantiated that the main conflict in society is connected not with relations to property, but with values (life goals).