bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wearable and Regenerable Electrochemical Fabric Sensing System Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Real‐Time Stress Management
Authors: Hu Xiaokang , Chen Yangyang , Wang Xin , Jia Kangkang , Zhang Huanlei , Wang Yuxin , Chu Hongwei , Zhong Xiaohua , Lin Meng , Chen Peining , Qiu Longbin , Peng Huisheng , He Sisi
Published: January 2024

Seamlessly integrating biosensors into clothing for personalized stress level monitoring, specifically targeting cortisol, a stress‐related compound found in sweat, shows great potential for efficiently monitoring and managing individual mental and physical well‐being. Nevertheless, realizing the fabric biosensor faces a notable challenge, as it involves the persistent obstacle of ensuring reusability and washability. Here, a fabric sensing system constructed by a fiber electrode for rapid and reliable cortisol detection with high repeatability, breathability, and stability is reported. The fibers are assembled from aligned carbon nanotubes and functionalized with a molecularly imprinted polymer containing redox‐active nanoreporters. Through washing with ethanol, the fabricated fabric sensor exhibits high reusability for over 100 cycles detecting cortisol. The key is the large active surface area and elaborately designed channel distance in the fiber electrode, ensuring a stable interface between the polymer and the fiber electrode. The resulting fabric sensing system presents convenient monitoring of cortisol levels, allowing assessment of stress levels to understand emotions and health condition better.
Polyamide Nanofilms through a Non‐Isothermal‐Controlled Interfacial Polymerization
Authors: Zhao Guang‐Jin , Li Lu‐Lu , Gao Hai‐Qi , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Pang Zi‐Fan , Pei Chun‐Lei , Qu Zhou , Dong Liang‐Liang , Rao De‐Wei , Caro Jürgen , Meng Hong
Published: January 2024

Efficient thin film composite polyamide (PA) membranes require optimization of interfacial polymerization (IP) process. However, it is challengeable owing to its ultrafast reaction rate coupled with mass and heat transfer, yielding heterogeneous PA membranes with low performance. Herein, a non‐isothermal‐controlled IP (NIIP) method is proposed to fabricate a highly permeable and selective PA membrane by engineering IP at the cryogenic aqueous phase (CAP) to achieve synchronous control of heat and mass transfer in the interfacial region. The CAP also enables the phase transition of the aqueous solution from the liquid to solid state, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved in different phase states in the IP process. Consequently, the PA membrane exhibits excellent separation performance with ultrahigh water permeance (42.9 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) and antibiotic desalination efficiency (antibiotic/NaCl selectivity of 159.3). This study provides new insights for the in‐depth understanding of the precise mechanism linking IP to the performance of the targeting membrane.
Elastomeric Protein Bioactive Eutectogels for Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Picchio Matías L. , Orellano María Soledad , Motta Maria Angela , Huck‐Iriart Cristián , Sánchez‐deAlcázar Daniel , López‐Domene Rocío , Martín‐García Beatriz , Larrañaga Aitor , Beloqui Ana , Mecerreyes David , Calderón Marcelo
Published: January 2024

Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES) are an emerging family of eutectic mixtures gaining increasing interest in the biomedical space. The immobilization of THEDES into polymer networks allows bioactive eutectogels to expand their application scope to topical drug delivery. Herein, this work presents the first set of elastomeric eutectogels constructed by supporting a therapeutic eutectic system with skin permeation ability in a protein scaffold dynamically crosslinked by a natural polyphenol. In this ionic eutectic, gelatin undergoes gelation through an unexpected mechanism in striking contrast with classical hydrogels, which is herein thoroughly studied. Interestingly, the polyphenol controls the conformation of the protein structure, enabling tuning up the mechanical and viscoelastic behavior of the dynamic eutectogel networks from elastic to hyperelastic. The resultant protein eutectogels exhibit strain‐hardening behavior, thermoreversible gel‐to‐sol transition, and excellent adhesive performance. Furthermore, these versatile materials retain the bioactivity of the liquid THEDES and favor skin occlusion, assisting the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances in ex vivo porcine skin in a time‐dependent penetration process. These ultrastretchable eutectogels show new interplays between protein scaffolds and eutectic mixtures, paving the way for innovative therapeutic soft materials.
DNA‐Mediated, On‐Membrane Sequential Assembly of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Sensitive Detection of Cell Surface Markers
Authors: Maeda Yuki , Nakamura Noriko , Ohta Seiichi
Published: January 2024

Flow cytometry can provide detailed information about protein expression on cell surface and is, therefore, widely used in clinical testing. However, owing to the limited sensitivity of fluorescence signals, detection of low‐expression cell surface markers is challenging. The present report describes a DNA‐mediated, on‐membrane assembly of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) that amplifies fluorescence signal from surface markers for sensitive detection via flow cytometry. Single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA)‐conjugated antibodies are first bound to cell surface markers, from which ssDNA‐modified Pdots are sequentially assembled using DNA hybridization. The use of DNA as a linker enables the distance‐controlled assembly of Pdots to prevent fluorescence quenching, whereas their on‐membrane sequential assembly allows amplification of the fluorescence signal without reducing binding ability of antibodies. Thus, two rounds of Pdot assembly achieve 31‐fold amplification of the fluorescence signal from CD19 on Nalm‐6 cells, which is 125‐fold brighter than that obtained using the conventional fluorescent dye‐based method. Moreover, the sequential assembly of 22 nm Pdots shows 24‐fold higher fluorescence than one‐step labeling with 81 nm Pdots, suggesting the advantage of the sequential assembly strategy in avoiding steric hindrance. The proposed method is expected to contribute to the sensitive detection of low‐expression surface markers for early and accurate diagnosis.
A Smart Responsive Nanotheranostic System for MRI of Tumor Response to Immunotherapy and Enhanced Synergism of Thermo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Minghua , Lin Chao , Shen Aijun , Ma Xiaolong , Ni Jiong , Wu Jiaqi , Wang Wei , Wang Peijun , Gao Xiaolong
Published: January 2024

The challenges associated with the assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and low immunotherapy response observed in patients with poorly immunogenic tumors are addressed. A smart‐responsive nanoprobe MZF@Gd is synthetized based on magnetic resonance tuning (MRET). The nanoprobe is designed to be targeted and cleaved by granzyme B, a marker of cytotoxic T‐cell activation. MZF@Gd consisted of superparamagnetic Mn‐ and Zn‐doped ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MZF‐MNPs) with a magnetocaloric effect and a paramagnetic contrast agent gadolinium‐diethylenetriamine penta‐acetic acid (Gd‐DTPA). These components are connected by the granzyme B substrate peptides. The activation of the T1WI signal through MRET, following the cleavage of the probe by granzyme B, enabled the accurate evaluation of the ICI therapeutic effect. Subsequently, an active‐targeting magnetothermally responsive nanotheranostic agent FA‐P(MZF@Gd/JQ1) is fabricated. This agent incorporated the MRET probe MZF@Gd, JQ‐1 (an inhibitor of PD‐L1), the thermosensitive copolymer PCL‐b‐P(MEO2MA‐co‐OEGMA), and folic acid on the surface. Nanotheranostic agents killed tumor cells through magnetocaloric effects, stimulated antitumor immunity, and regulated the drug release, thereby achieving a synergistic effect between hyperthermia and immunotherapy. Moreover, MZF@Gd released from the agent sensitively detected the presence of granzyme B at the tumor site, thereby enabling an effective assessment of therapeutic efficacy.
4D Printing of Adaptable “Living” Materials Based on Alkoxyamine Chemistry
Authors: Tran H.B. Duc , Vazquez‐Martel Clara , Catt Samantha O. , Jia Yixuan , Tsotsalas Manuel , Spiegel Christoph A. , Blasco Eva
Published: January 2024

4D printing has emerged as a powerful strategy capable of revolutionizing additive manufacturing by enabling objects to dynamically transform overtime on demand. Despite significant progress, the full potential remains unrealized, particularly in the utilization of dynamic covalent chemistry. This study introduces a new approach using a multifunctional cross‐linker with alkoxyamine functionalities for 4D printing. Digital light processing (DLP) is employed for high‐resolution printing of complex objects. Leveraging alkoxyamine bonds' dynamic and living characteristics, the printed structures can be further modified through nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) using styrene and nitroxide exchange reactions (NER). The resulting “living” printed structures exhibit the unique ability to undergo both “growth” and “degrowth”, dynamically adapting their size as well as the reduced Young's Modulus across a wide range (770 kPa–1.2 GPa). The chain extension by NMP and softening by NER are carefully characterized by IR and EPR spectroscopy. The presented approach opens avenues for the development of 4D printed structures with complex adaptive systems, showcasing enormous potential in a wide range of fields.
Evolution of Grain Boundaries Promoted Hydrogen Production for Industrial‐Grade Current Density
Authors: Cheng Yu , Chen Huanyu , Zhang Lifang , Xu Xinnan , Cheng Huili , Yan Chenglin , Qian Tao
Published: January 2024

The development of efficient and durable high‐current‐density hydrogen production electrocatalysts is crucial for the large‐scale production of green hydrogen and the early realization of hydrogen economic blueprint. Herein, the evolution of grain boundaries through Cu‐mediated NiMo bimetallic oxides (MCu‐BNiMo), which leading to the high efficiency of electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution process (HER) in industrial‐grade current density, is successfully driven. The optimal MCu0.10‐BNiMo demonstrates ultrahigh current density (>2 A cm−2) at a smaller overpotential in 1 m KOH (572 mV), than that of BNiMo, which does not have lattice strain. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that MCu0.10‐BNiMo with optimal lattice strain generated more electrophilic Mo sites with partial oxidation owing to accelerated charge transfer from Cu to Mo, which lowers the energy barriers for H* adsorption. These synergistic effects lead to the enhanced HER performance of MCu0.10‐BNiMo. More importantly, industrial application of MCu0.10‐BNiMo operated in alkaline electrolytic cell is also determined, with its current density reached 0.5 A cm−2 at 2.12 V and 0.1 A cm−2 at 1.79 V, which is nearly five‐fold that of the state‐of‐the‐art HER electrocatalyst Pt/C. The strategy provides valuable insights for achieving industrial‐scale hydrogen production through a highly efficient HER electrocatalyst.
A Science Friction Story: Molecular Interactions in Semiflexible Polymer Networks
Authors: Mollenkopf Paul , Prascevic Dusan , Glaser Martin , Smith David M. , Schnauß Jörg
Published: January 2024

Established model theories, developed to capture the mechanical behavior of soft, complex materials composed of semiflexible polymers, assume that entropic interactions between filaments are primarily responsible for determining the mechanical response. In recent studies, the generally accepted tube model has been challenged in terms of this basic assumption about filament–filament interactions, but also because of its predictions regarding the frequency dependence of the elastic modulus in the intermediate frequency regime. A central question is how molecular interactions and friction between network constituents influence the rheological response of isotropic entangled networks of semiflexible polymers. It has been previously shown that friction forces between aligned pairs of actin filaments are not negligible. Here, the influence of friction forces and attractive interactions on network rheology is systematically investigated by means of targeted surface modification. It is shown that these forces have a qualitative and quantitative influence on the viscoelastic properties of semiflexible polymer networks and contribute to their response to nonlinear deformations. By comparing two polymer model systems with respect to their surface compositions, a possible explanation is given about the origin of acting forces on a molecular level.
Photodegradation and Thermal Effects in Violet Phosphorus
Authors: Ghafariasl Mahdi , Singh Sarabpreet , Gamage Sampath , Prusnick Timothy , Snure Michael , Abate Yohannes
Published: January 2024

Violet phosphorus (VP) is garnering attention for its appealing physical properties and potential applications in optoelectronics. A comprehensive investigation of the photodegradation and thermal effects of exfoliated VP on SiO2/Si substrates is presented. The degradation rate of VP is strongly influenced by the wavelength and exposure duration of light. Light illumination of VP above the bandgap leads to faster degradation, attributed to interactions with reactive oxygen species. Power‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements at low temperature (T = 4 K) show neutral exciton (X0) and trion (T) intensities linearly increase with excitation power, while the energy difference between peak energies decreases. The T/X0 spectral weight ratio increases from 0.28 at 300 K to 0.69 at 4 K, suggesting enhanced T formation due to reduced phonon scattering. Temperature‐dependent Raman is used to investigate the phonon properties of VP. Tracking peak positions of 9 Raman modes with temperature, the linear first‐order temperature coefficient is obtained and found to be linear for all modes. The results provide a deeper understanding of VP's degradation behavior and implications for optoelectronic applications.
Volumetric 3D‐Printed Piezoelectric Polymer Films
Authors: Frick Achidi , van Vliet Wesley Alexander , Žukauskaitė Agnė , Zywitzki Olaf , Modes Thomas , Kostenko Alexander , von Hauff Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

A novel additive manufacturing route using a tailored resin containing Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Trifluoroethylene (PVDF‐TrFE) to 3D print piezoelectric films is demonstrated. Piezoelectric films are printed within 2 seconds in a single step by simultaneously focusing initiating and inhibiting excitations within the liquid resin to locally confine the photochemical reaction. The printed films are patterned with an array of holes with a diameter of 30 µm and a pitch of 55 µm. The piezoelectric response is homogeneous across the film, indicating that the print pattern does not impact the PVDF‐TrFE microstructure. Although the printed films contain only a small volume fraction of PVDF‐TrFE (3 wt.%), their piezoelectric response (d33 = 20.3 pC/N) is comparable to the highest literature values reported for PVDF‐TrFE films. The printed PVDF‐TrFE films are predominantly β‐phase, and no electrical poling, post‐processing, piezoelectric or inorganic additives are used in the fabrication. Analysis using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that the enhanced piezoelectric response is due to the preferential formation of oriented PVDF‐TrFE phases during printing. These results demonstrate how the dedicated design of photoactive resins in combination with volumetric additive manufacturing can be applied to rapidly fabricate functional 3D structures.
Advances in Multifunctional Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator – Applications, Triboelectric Materials, and Manufacturing Integration
Authors: Liao Lingyi , Ni Qianqiu , Peng Wang , Mei Qingsong
Published: January 2024

With the rapid development of industry and information technology, rough challenges have been put forward for the traditional sensor technology to meet the increasingly complex and diverse application demands in actual production and daily life, and the widely distributed sensor network also faces complex power supply and maintenance problems. As a new energy conversion technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on triboelectrification and electrostatic induction effect can respond to the weak mechanical stimuli in the surrounding environment and generate corresponding electrical signals to realize the sensing function without external power supply. In addition, TENGs have the advantages of wide selection of fabrication materials, flexible and diverse fundamental modes, which can be customized for different applications and realize different sensing functions. In recent years, triboelectric sensors based on TENGs have developed rapidly, and researchers have developed variable triboelectric sensors for different application scenarios. In this paper, the developed triboelectric sensos have been classified into different categories, the advanced strategy to prepare advanced triboelectric materials and technology used for manufacturing integration have been introduced. This work summarizes the main applications of triboelectric sensors and put forward the current challenges, so as to provide guidance and instructions for the future development of triboelectric sensors.
Composite Functional Metasurface with Microwave Absorption and Vibrational Energy Harvesting
Authors: Yang Fulong , Zhu Xiaoqing , Xu Huan , Wang Dayu , Liu Huanhuan , Zhang Yongxia
Published: January 2024

This paper designs and validates a composite functional metasurface that combines microwave absorption and vibrational energy harvesting. The metasurface is composed of an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrically conductive glass pattern layer, arrays of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide [EMIM][N(CN)2] droplets, and an underlying indium tin oxide (ITO) electrically conductive glass layer. The composite functional metasurface possesses broadband absorption performance when the microwave frequency bands are between 7.34 and 22.63 GHz, which can transform vibration energy into electrical energy simultaneously. The relationship between output power, the number of droplets, internal resistance, and the matching load of the composite functional metasurface is deeply studied. It is found that the internal resistance decreases with the increase in the number of droplet arrays. The effective output power reaches up to 125nW when there are 48 droplet arrays. This technology has promising applications in the field of intelligent and portable electromagnetic devices.
High‐Resolution 3D Printing of Pancreatic Ductal Microanatomy Enabled by Serial Histology
Authors: Kiemen Ashley L. , Forjaz André , Sousa Ricardo , Han Kyu Sang , Hruban Ralph H. , Wood Laura D. , Wu PeiHsun , Wirtz Denis
Published: January 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly cancer that can develop from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), a microscopic lesion in the pancreatic ductal system. PanIN and PDAC are conventionally studied in 2D via histological tissue sections. As such, their true structure is poorly understood due to the inability to image them in 3D. CODA, a recently developed technique for reconstruction of tissues at cellular resolution, is used to study the 3D morphology of the pancreas. Here, CODA is extended through 3D printing of normal pancreatic ducts, PanIN, and PDAC at cm‐scale and µm resolution. A methodology is presented to create 3D printable files from anatomical maps generated from serial histological images and to show detailed validation of the accuracy of this method. Existing 3D printing workflows utilizing medical images derived from computerized tomography (CT), X‐ray, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are scientifically proven to be useful in printing whole organ‐scale structures with sub‐mm resolution. Here, using serial histological sections, it is demonstrated that 3D printing of higher‐resolution structures is also possible. Finally, with the 3D models of normal ducts, PanIN, and PDAC, marked changes to the structure of the human pancreas during tumorigenesis are revealed.
Research Progress on Vanadium Sulfide Anode Materials for Sodium and Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dong Yulian , Huo Jingyao , Xu Changfan , Ji Deyang , Zhao Huaping , Li Liqiang , Lei Yong
Published: January 2024

Considering environmental changes and the demand for more sustainable energy sources, stricter requirements have been placed on electrode materials for sodium and potassium‐ion batteries, which are expected to provide higher energy and power density while being affordable and sustainable. Vanadium sulfide‐based materials have emerged as intriguing contenders for the next generation of anode materials due to their high theoretical capacity, abundant reserves, and cost‐effectiveness. Despite these advantages, challenges such as limited cycle life and restricted ion diffusion coefficients continue to impede their effective application in sodium and potassium‐ion batteries. To overcome the limitations associated with electrochemical performance and circumvent bottlenecks imposed by the inherent properties of materials at the bulk scale, this review comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the crystal structures, modification strategies, and energy storage processes of vanadium sulfide‐based electrode materials for sodium and potassium‐ion batteries. The objective is to guide the development of high‐performance vanadium‐based sulfide electrode materials with refined morphologies and/or structures, employing environmentally friendly and cost‐efficient methods. Finally, future perspectives and research suggestions for vanadium sulfide‐based materials are presented to propel practical applications forward.
All‐Solution‐Processed InGaO/PbI2 Heterojunction for Self‐Powered Omnidirectional Near‐Ultraviolet Photodetection and Imaging
Authors: Zhang Jie , Sa Zixu , Li Pengsheng , Zhai Zhongjun , Liu Fengjing , Wang Mingxu , Wang Guangcan , Yin Yanxue , Li Yang , Mu Wenxiang , Jia Zhitai , Chen Feng , Yang Zai‐xing
Published: January 2024

The persistent photocurrent (PPC) and high carrier concentration are challenging the ultraviolet photodetection behaviors of amorphous InGaO films. Herein, InGaO/PbI2 heterojunction is constructed by an all‐solution synthesis process to set up a built‐in electric field at the heterojunction interface, which is aimed at the inhibition of PPC, suppression of dark current, and promotion of photogenerated carrier separation. With an optimized In content of 90%, the as‐fabricated InGaO/PbI2 heterojunction photodetector exhibits excellent self‐powered near‐ultraviolet photodetection behaviors with high Ilight/Idark ratio of 104, ultralow dark current of 10−13 A and fast response times of 0.8/0.6 ms. Additionally, benefiting to the all‐solution synthesis process and amorphous characteristic, InGaO/PbI2 heterojunction can be implanted onto any useful substrates to achieve the specific function of photodetection. The as‐fabricated InGaO/PbI2 heterojunction flexible self‐powered photodetector exhibits outstanding mechanical flexibility, bending endurance, and photoelectric stability. When the InGaO/PbI2 heterojunction is implanted onto the transparent substrate, it demonstrates excellent omnidirectional self‐powdered photodetection performance and imaging capability. All results promise all‐solution‐processed InGaO for next‐generation advanced optoelectronics.
Constructing Singlet Oxygen “Slow Release” Platform to Optimize the Performance of Commercial Photosensitizers
Authors: Ni Yingyong , Wang Junjun , Ai Wenming , Yu Zhipeng , Zhu Xiaojiao , Wang Sen , Sun Xianshun , Zhang Qiong , Chen Xingxing , Zhu Manzhou , Zhou Hongping
Published: January 2024

Commercial photosensitizers (PSs) present great potential in the field of clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) yet face a formidable challenge owing to the extremely short lifespan of singlet oxygen (1O2). Herein, the 1O2 slow‐release “platform” is proposed based on an anthracene‐groups functionalized D‐π‐A system (AIC), which can capture and slowly release 1O2 produced by commercial PSs. Meanwhile, the reversible chemical process between AIC and 1O2 is demonstrated by a series of optical experiments and high‐resolution mass spectrum. Remarkably, by virtue of 1O2 slow‐release “platform”, the sustaining mitochondrial autophagy and cell apoptosis still take place when the laser is cut off with a short period of irradiation, reducing the side effect of sustained irradiation. In general, the construction of 1O2 slow‐release platform opens up exciting opportunities for improving the PDT effect of commercial PSs.
Tailoring a Multifunctional PEDOT/Co3O4‐CeO2 Composite for Sustainable Energy Applications
Authors: Varghese Arun , Devi K R Sunaja
Published: January 2024

Energy sources play a crucial role in the development of the society. The gargantuan depletion of fossil fuels creates new glitches in the routine activities of human beings. Electrocatalysts can efficiently produce and store energy and, therefore, have the potential to alleviate this situation. A multifunctional electrocatalyst, Poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/cobalt oxide‐cerium oxide(PEDOT/Co3O4‐CeO2), is synthesized by incorporating mixed metal oxide to 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) using the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method and is employed for both energy production and storage applications. The successful synthesis of the catalyst is confirmed through various characterization techniques. The composite shows a specific capacity of 617.8 C g−1 and a specific capacitance value of 1298.1 F g−1. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) analysis shows that the composite requires a low overpotential of 163.1 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Synthesized electrocatalysts can effectively handle the energy related issues prevailing in the society.
Surface Aerophilicity Engineering of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Enhanced Catalytic Ozonation
Authors: Chen Xu , Wen Yingjie , Wang Yuechu , Yi Li , Yang Hao , Lu Zhiyi
Published: January 2024

Heterogeneous catalysts for catalytic ozonation are elaborately designed with commendable intrinsic activity, while their industrial applications are limited by inadequate mass transfer of ozone (O3). In this work, it is demonstrated that engineering the surface aerophilicity of heterogeneous catalyst enables fast mass transfer of O3 reactant, giving rise to much enhanced catalytic ozonation performance. Taking active 4A zeolite catalyst as an example, the aerophilicity of spherical 4A zeolite can be greatly enhanced by coating polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with low surface energy, and the optimized sample exhibits a 99.5% removal of atrazine (ATZ) within 20 min (corresponding to a k of 0.269 min−1), much better than 4A zeolite without surface aerophilicity engineering (k≈0.156 min−1). The PTFE coating does not change the ozone activation mechanism and degradation pathways for ATZ, further demonstrating that the enhanced ozonation activity is attributed to the enhanced mass transfer process. In addition, the general applicability of this surface aerophilicity and the potential ozonation application for industrial wastewater treatment are both demonstrated.
Graphene Chainmail Shelled Dilute Ni─Cu Alloy for Selective and Robust Aqueous Phase Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Yuan Haifeng , Hong Mei , Huang Xianzhen , Qiu Weitao , Dong Feng , Zhou Yu , Chen Yanpeng , Gao Jinqiang , Yang Shihe
Published: January 2024

Cost‐effective non‐noble metal‐based catalysts for selective hydrogenation with excellent activity, selectivity, and durability are still the holy grail. Herein, an oxygen‐doped carbon (OC) chainmail encapsulated dilute Cu–Ni alloy is developed by simple pyrolysis of Cu/Ni‐metal–organic framework. The CuNi0.05@OC catalyst displays superior performance for atmospheric pressure transfer hydrogenation of p‐chloronitrobenzene and p‐nitrophenol, and for hydrogenation of furfural, all in water and with exceptional durability. Comprehensive characterizations confirm the close interactions between the diluted Ni sites, the base Cu, and optimized three‐layered graphene chainmail. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the properly tuned lattice strain and Schottky junction can adjust electron density to facilitate specific adsorption on the active centers, thus enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity, while the OC shell also offers robust protection. This work provides a simple and environmentally friendly strategy for developing practical heterogeneous catalysts that bring the synergistic effect into play between dilute alloy and functional carbon wrapping.
LINC MIR503HG Controls SC‐β Cell Differentiation and Insulin Production by Targeting CDH1 and HES1
Authors: Xu Yang , Mao Susu , Fan Haowen , Wan Jian , Wang Lin , Zhang Mingyu , Zhu Shajun , Yuan Jin , Lu Yuhua , Wang Zhiwei , Yu Bin , Jiang Zhaoyan , Huang Yan
Published: January 2024

Stem cell‐derived pancreatic progenitors (SC‐PPs), as an unlimited source of SC‐derived β (SC‐β) cells, offers a robust tool for diabetes treatment in stem cell‐based transplantation, disease modeling, and drug screening. Whereas, PDX1+/NKX6.1+ PPs enhances the subsequent endocrine lineage specification and gives rise to glucose‐responsive SC‐β cells in vivo and in vitro. To identify the regulators that promote induction efficiency and cellular function maturation, single‐cell RNA‐sequencing is performed to decipher the transcriptional landscape during PPs differentiation. The comprehensive evaluation of functionality demonstrated that manipulating LINC MIR503HG using CRISPR in PP cell fate decision can improve insulin synthesis and secretion in mature SC‐β cells, without effects on liver lineage specification. Importantly, transplantation of MIR503HG−/− SC‐β cells in recipients significantly restored blood glucose homeostasis, accompanied by serum C‐peptide release and an increase in body weight. Mechanistically, by releasing CtBP1 occupying the CDH1 and HES1 promoters, the decrease in MIR503HG expression levels provided an excellent extracellular niche and appropriate Notch signaling activation for PPs following differentiation. Furthermore, this exhibited higher crucial transcription factors and mature epithelial markers in CDH1High expressed clusters. Altogether, these findings highlighted MIR503HG as an essential and exclusive PP cell fate specification regulator with promising therapeutic potential for patients with diabetes.
Peptide Nucleic Acid Clamp‐Assisted Photothermal Multiplexed Digital PCR for Identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Zhang Lexiang , Parvin Rokshana , Lin Siyue , Chen Mingshuo , Zheng Ruixuan , Fan Qihui , Ye Fangfu
Published: January 2024

The unprecedented demand for variants diagnosis in response to the COVID‐19 epidemic has brought the spotlight onto rapid and accurate detection assays for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at multiple locations. However, it is still challenging to ensure simplicity, affordability, and compatibility with multiplexing. Here, a novel technique is presented that combines peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamps and near‐infrared (NIR)‐driven digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) to identify the Omicron and Delta variants. This is achieved by simultaneously identifying highly conserved mutated signatures at codons 19, 614, and 655 of the spike protein gene. By microfluidically introducing graphene‐oxide‐nanocomposite into the assembled gelatin microcarriers, they achieved a rapid temperature ramping‐up rate and switchable gel‐to‐sol phase transformation synchronized with PCR activation under NIR irradiation. Two sets of duplex PCR reactions, each classifying respective PNA probes, are emulsified in parallel and illuminated together using a homemade vacuum‐based droplet generation device and a programmable NIR control module. This allowed for selective amplification of mutant sequences due to single‐base‐pair mismatch with PNA blockers. Sequence‐recognized bioreactions and fluorescent‐color scoring enabled quick identification of variants. This technique achieved a detection limit of 5,100 copies and a 5‐fold quantitative resolution, which is promising to unfold minor differences and dynamic changes.
Biodegradable Zn‐5Dy Alloy with Enhanced Osteo/Angio‐Genic Activity and Osteointegration Effect via Regulation of SIRT4‐Dependent Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Han Yue , Tong Xian , Zhou Runqi , Wang Yilin , Chen Yuge , Chen Liang , Hong Xinhua , Wu Linmei , Lin Zhiqiang , Zhang Yichi , Zhang Xuejia , Hu Chaoming , Li Bin , Ping Yifan , Cao Zelin , Ye Zhou , Song Zhongchen , Li Yuncang , Wen Cuie , Zhou Yongsheng , Lin Jixing , Huang Shengbin
Published: January 2024

Zinc (Zn)–dysprosium (Dy) binary alloys are promising biodegradable bone fracture fixation implants owing to their attractive biodegradability and mechanical properties. However, their clinical application is a challenge for bone fracture healing, due to the lack of Zn–Dy alloys with tailored proper bio‐mechanical and osteointegration properties for bone regeneration. A Zn‐5Dy alloy with high strength and ductility and a degradation rate aligned with the bone remodeling cycle is developed. Here, mechanical stability is further confirmed, proving that Zn‐5Dy alloy can resist aging in the degradation process, thus meeting the mechanical requirements of fracture fixation. In vitro cellular experiments reveal that the Zn‐5Dy alloy enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis by elevating SIRT4‐mediated mitochondrial function. In vivo Micro‐CT, SEM‐EDS, and immunohistochemistry analyses further indicate good biosafety, suitable biodegradation rate, and great osteointegration of Zn‐5Dy alloy during bone healing, which also depends on the upregulation of SIRT4‐mediated mitochondrial events. Overall, the study is the first to report a Zn‐5Dy alloy that exerts remarkable osteointegration properties and has a strong potential to promote bone healing. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of mitochondrial modulation and shall guide the future development of mitochondria‐targeting materials in enhancing bone fracture healing.
Opsin‐Free Activation of Bmp Receptors by a Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Xu Manjun , Wang Haipeng , Tian Xiaoying , Li Bingyi , Wang Shaoyang , Zhao Xiaohui , He Hao
Published: January 2024

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a vital role in differentiation, organogenesis, and various cell processes. As a member of TGF‐β superfamily, the BMP initiation usually accompanies crosstalk with other signaling pathways and simultaneously activates some of them. It is quite challenging to solely initiate an individual pathway. In this study, an opsin‐free optical method to specifically activate BMP receptors (BMPR) and subsequent pSmad1/5/8 cascades by a single‐time scan of a tightly‐focused femtosecond laser in the near infrared range is reported. Via transient two‐photon excitation to intrinsic local flavins near the cell membrane, the photoactivation drives conformational changes of preformed BMPR complexes to enable their bonding and phosphorylation of the GS domain in BMPR‐I by BMPR‐II. The pSmad1/5/8 signaling is initiated by this method, while p38 and pSmad2 are rarely perturbed. Based on a microscopic system, primary adipose‐derived stem cells in an area of 420  × 420 µm2 are photoactivated by a single‐time laser scanning for 1.5 s and exhibit pSmad1/5/8 upregulation and osteoblastic differentiation after 21 days. Hence, an opsin‐free, specific, and noninvasive optical method to initiate BMP signaling, easily accomplished by a two‐photon microscope system is reported.
Enhancing growth and yield parameters of Sinapis alba through optimized seed priming techniques
Authors: Rehman Zia Ur , Haq Rashid Ul , Ullah Safi , Iqbal Aamir , Khan Amir Muhammad , Assogba Cedric Mankponse Antoine , Awais Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Early seed germination significantly influences crop growth and production, prompting the exploration of seed priming as a pivotal technique. Despite the acknowledged importance of faster germination and emergence for successful seedling establishment, oilseed crops like Sinapis alba have received limited attention concerning seed priming methods, unlike cereal and grain crops. This study aimed to bridge this gap by subjecting S. alba seeds to six priming treatments: T1 = control, T2 = distilled water, T3 = NaCl (0.5%), T4 = KNO3 (0.5%), T5 = CaCl2 (0.5%), and T6 = Moringa leaf extract at a 1:30 ratio (30 times diluted), to assess their impact on various growth and yield parameters. The data analysis revealed significant effects of seed priming on various parameters, with exceptions in plant height unaffected by seed soaking. Seed priming notably enhanced germination percentage, germination rate index, and seedling vigor index, while reducing mean germination time to emergence significantly. Furthermore, primed seeds exhibited significant increases in seedling fresh and dry weights, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, root and shoot lengths, leaf area, chlorophyll content, early flowering, branch numbers, pod counts, and 1000‐seed weight compared to non‐primed seeds. The biological yield was relatively higher in treated seeds. Additionally, seed yield and oil content were found to be higher in primed seeds compared to the control. Among the treatments, KNO3 along with Moringa, displayed the most desirable outcomes across overall seedling parameters, suggesting their recommendation for effective priming treatments to improve the growth and yield of S. alba.
Micro‐feeding of nanoparticles under ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Lu Haifeng , Zhang Liang , Du Hui , Zhu Lizhuo , Guo Xiaolei , Liu Haifeng
Published: January 2024

Understanding the collective flow of nanoparticles is important for handling the storing, dosing, and conveying of nanoparticles. We experimentally studied the discharge characteristics of nanoparticles from the hopper through a microchannel under ultrasonic vibration. Results show that ultrasonic vibration can effectively trigger the flow of jammed nanoparticles, which flows in the form of aggregates at a controllable discharge rate as low as 0.1 mg/s. The aggregate properties were obtained from high‐speed image processing technology. The multi‐stage flow mechanism was revealed: particle re‐arrangement at low amplitude and wall slip at high amplitude. Given this, the discharge rate model was developed by introducing an exponential function G(Fr) into the traditional Beverloo equation. The modified model describes both the self‐organized behavior at low amplitudes and velocity scaling caused by acceleration at high amplitudes, successfully predicting the discharge rate within ± 10% errors.
X‐linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia: Report of long clinical follow‐up and description of a new complex variant in the NR0B1 gene
Authors: Esquiaveto‐Aun Adriana Mangue , de Mello Maricilda Palandi , Guaragna Mara Sanches , da Silva Lopes Vera Lúcia Gil , Francese‐Santos Ana Paula , dos Santos Cruz Piveta Cristiane , Mazolla Taís Nitsh , de Lemos‐Marini Sofia Helena Valente , Guerra‐Junior Gil
Published: January 2024

Adrenal hypoplasia congenita, attributed to NR0B1 pathogenic variants, accounts for more than 50% of the incidence of primary adrenal insufficiency in children. Although more than 250 different deleterious variations have been described, no genotype–phenotype correlation has been defined to date. We report a case of an adopted boy who reported the onset of an adrenal crisis at 2 weeks of age, requiring replacement therapy with mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids for 4 months. For 3 years, he did well without treatment. At almost 4 years of age, the disorder was restarted. A long follow‐up showed the evolution of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Molecular studies on NR0B1 revealed a novel and deleterious deletion–insertion–inversion–deletion complex rearrangement sorted in the 5′‐3′ direction, which is described as follows: (1) deletion of the intergenic region (between TASL and NR0B1 genes) and 5′ region, (2) insertion of a sequence containing 37 bp at the junction of the intergenic region of the TASL gene and a part of exon 1 of the NR0B1 gene, (3) inversion of a part of exon 1, (4) deletion of the final portion of exon 1 and exon 2 and beginning of the 3′UTR region, (5) maintenance of part of the intergenic sequence (between genes MAGEB1 and NR0B1, telomeric sense), (6) large posterior deletion, in the same sense. The path to molecular diagnosis was challenging and involved several molecular biology techniques. Evaluating the breakpoints in our patient, we assumed that it was a nonrecurrent rearrangement that had not yet been described. It may involve a repair mechanism known as nonhomologous end‐joining (NHEJ), which joins two ends of DNA in an imprecise manner, generating an “information scar,” represented herein by the 37 bp insertion. In addition, the local Xp21 chromosome architecture with sequences capable of modifying the DNA structure could impact the formation of complex rearrangements.
An integrated passive acoustic monitoring and deep learning pipeline for black‐and‐white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
Authors: Batist Carly H. , Dufourq Emmanuel , Jeantet Lorène , Razafindraibe Mendrika N. , Randriamanantena Francois , Baden Andrea L.
Published: January 2024

The urgent need for effective wildlife monitoring solutions in the face of global biodiversity loss has resulted in the emergence of conservation technologies such as passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). While PAM has been extensively used for marine mammals, birds, and bats, its application to primates is limited. Black‐and‐white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) are a promising species to test PAM with due to their distinctive and loud roar‐shrieks. Furthermore, these lemurs are challenging to monitor via traditional methods due to their fragmented and often unpredictable distribution in Madagascar's dense eastern rainforests. Our goal in this study was to develop a machine learning pipeline for automated call detection from PAM data, compare the effectiveness of PAM versus in‐person observations, and investigate diel patterns in lemur vocal behavior. We did this study at Mangevo, Ranomafana National Park by concurrently conducting focal follows and deploying autonomous recorders in May–July 2019. We used transfer learning to build a convolutional neural network (optimized for recall) that automated the detection of lemur calls (57‐h runtime; recall = 0.94, F1 = 0.70). We found that PAM outperformed in‐person observations, saving time, money, and labor while also providing re‐analyzable data. Using PAM yielded novel insights into V. variegata diel vocal patterns; we present the first published evidence of nocturnal calling. We developed a graphic user interface and open‐sourced data and code, to serve as a resource for primatologists interested in implementing PAM and machine learning. By leveraging the potential of this pipeline, we can address the urgent need for effective primate population surveys to inform conservation strategies.
Total Synthesis of Incarnatapeptins A and B
Authors: Han Feipeng , Li Jie , Li Shupeng , Wang Zhuo , Guo Yian , Ye Tao
Published: January 2024

The first total synthesis of incarnatapeptins A and B, two novel marine natural products, was accomplished from readily available (S)‐1‐benzyloxycarbonylhexahydropyridazine‐3‐carboxylic acid. This route, whose longest linear sequence was 12 steps, provided the incarnatapeptins A and B in yields of 26.5 % and 19.7 %, respectively, and enabled the structure and stereochemistry of both natural products to be unambiguously confirmed. Highlights of our synthesis include the photoredox‐mediated decarboxylative 1,4‐addition reaction and a novel and practical N‐acylation paradigm promoted by silver carbonate. The unusual facile atropisomerism of some linear peptidic intermediates was also observed by TLC analysis in the course of this work.
Unveiling Möbius/Hückel Topology and Aromaticity in A Core‐Expanded [10]Annulene at Different Oxidation States
Authors: Wu Shaofei , Han Yi , Ni Yong , Hou Xudong , Wei Haipeng , Li Zhengtao , Wu Jishan
Published: January 2024

The exploration of annulene's conformation, electronic properties and aromaticity has generated enduring interest over the years, yet it continues to present formidable challenges for annulenes with more than ten carbon atoms. In this study, we present the synthesis of a stable [10]cyclo‐para‐phenylmethine derivative (1), which bears a resemblance to [10]annulene. 1 can be readily oxidized into its respective cations, wherein electrons are effectively delocalized along the backbone, resulting in different conformations and aromaticity. Both 1 and its tetracation (14+ ⋅ 4SbF6−) exhibit a nearly planar conformation with a rectangular shape, akin to the E,Z,E,Z,Z‐[10]annulene. In contrast, the radical cation (1⋅+ ⋅ SbCl6−) possesses a doubly twisted Hückel topology. Furthermore, the dication (12+ ⋅ 2SbCl6−) displays conformational flexibility in solution and crystalizes with the simultaneous presence of Möbius‐twisted (1a2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6−) and Hückel‐planar (1b2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6−) isomers in its unit cell. Detailed experimental measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that: (1) 1 demonstrates localized aromaticity with an alternating benzenoid/quinoid structure; (2) 1a2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6− and 1b2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6− with 48π electrons are weakly Möbius aromatic and Hückel antiaromatic, respectively; (3) 14+ ⋅ 4SbF6− exhibits Hückel aromaticity (46π) and open‐shell diradical character.
A High‐Energy Aqueous All‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Wang Huimin , Bi Songshan , Zhang Yanyu , Tian Jinlei , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: January 2024

Rechargeable aqueous batteries are promising energy storage devices because of their high safety and low cost. However, their energy densities are generally unsatisfactory due to the limited capacities of ion‐inserted electrode materials, prohibiting their widespread applications. Herein, a high‐energy aqueous all‐sulfur battery was constructed via matching S/Cu2S and S/CaSx redox couples. In such batteries, both cathodes and anodes undergo the conversion reaction between sulfur/metal sulfides redox couples, which display high specific capacities and rational electrode potential difference. Furthermore, during the charge/discharge process, the simultaneous redox of Cu2+ ion charge‐carriers also takes place and contributes to a more two‐electron transfer, which doubles the capacity of cathodes. As a result, the assembled aqueous all‐sulfur batteries deliver a high discharge capacity of 447 mAh g−1 based on total mass of sulfur in cathode and anode at 0.1 A g−1, contributing to an enhanced energy density of 393 Wh kg−1. This work will widen the scope for the design of high‐energy aqueous batteries.
Localized Oxidation Embellishing Strategy Enables High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Minchao , Wang Yiyang , Lu Chenxing , Zhu Can , Liu Zhe , Zhang Jinyuan , Yuan Meng , Feng Yishun , Jiang Xin , Li Siguang , Meng Lei , Li Yongfang
Published: January 2024

Perovskite solar cell (pero‐SC) has attracted extensive studies as a promising photovoltaic technology, wherein the electron extraction and transfer exhibit pivotal effect to the device performance. The planar SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) has contributed the recent record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the pero‐SCs, yet still suffers from surface defects of SnO2 nanoparticles which brings energy loss and phase instability. Herein, we report a localized oxidation embellishing (LOE) strategy by applying (NH4)2CrO4 on the SnO2 ETL. The LOE strategy builds up plentiful nano‐heterojunctions of p‐Cr2O3/n‐SnO2 and the nano‐heterojunctions compensate the surface defects and realize benign energy alignment, which reduces surface non‐radiative recombination and voltage loss of the pero‐SCs. Meanwhile, the decrease of lattice mismatch released the lattice distortion and eliminated tensile stress, contributing to better stability of the devices. The pero‐SCs based on α‐FAPbI3 with the SnO2 ETL treated by the LOE strategy realized a PCE of 25.72 % (certified as 25.41 %), along with eminent stability performance of T90>700 h. This work provides a brand‐new view for defect modification of SnO2 electron transport layer.