bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targetting metonymic targets
Authors: Brdar Mario , Brdar-Szabó Rita
Published: July 2022

In this chapter we propose to treat metonymy as a cognitive operation of conceptual elaboration based on the part-whole relationship that is triggered by the use of an expression (or metonymic vehicle) associated with a certain conceptual cluster (or metonymic source) within a conceptual domain. The activation of the source conceptual cluster opens up a mental space which is dynamically expanded or reduced, in the sense of Ruiz de Mendoza (1999, 2000), so as to come as close as possible to fitting the conceptual givens provided by the co(n)text of use. By approaching metonymy in this manner we are able to explain in a very natural way a number of facts observed in recent research.
Embodied simulations and verbal irony comprehension
Authors: Colston Herbert L. , Sims Michelle , Pumphrey Maija , Kinney Eleanor , Evangelista Xina , Vandermolen-Pater Nathan , Feeny Graham Tomkins
Published: July 2022

Recent research has addressed the role that embodied simulations (ESs) play in language processing (Bergen, 2012). One forefront in this work is investigating ESs’ role in metaphorical language comprehension, as when one hears or reads: “The Donald Trump supporter went bananas after the 2016 U.S. election”. The work reveals that the pattern of ESs found in metaphor processing resembles that of comparable non-metaphorical language – but isn’t exactly the same. Current work is attempting to discern how similar/different these ES patterns are. To date, however, little work has explored embodied simulations in verbal irony (e.g., sarcasm, as in saying, “Nice work” when someone errs). The current study reports preliminary results of an analysis of ES activity when people process verbal irony.
Metonymies of migration
Authors: Catalano Theresa , Waugh Linda R.
Published: July 2022

This chapter uses critical discourse studies (CDS) combined with metonymy/metaphor analysis to explore the difference between metonymies used to talk about migration/migrants in media discourse and those used by migrants themselves. Findings reveal differences between the way metonymies (and metaphors motivated by them) are used by migrants as opposed to a variety of media sources (e.g. online newspapers, television reports) and what this reveals about migration. Furthermore, while migrants are impacted in various ways by discourse about them, they are still able to think and talk about themselves in positive, holistic, and varied ways. The authors conclude that critical metonymy/metaphor analysis allows for alternative ways of envisioning migration and globally mobile people.
SmCl3's effect on plasma electrolytic oxidation coating's corrosion characteristics on AZ91D
Authors: Lan XinYue , Xiong Dan , Wang Ping , Wu Ting , Duan YanFei , Yang Zhao , Xiang Dong
Published: July 2022

Rare earth salt SmCl3 was added to the electrolyte to improve the corrosion performance of the AZ91D magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating. The influence of SmCl3 on coating formation, morphology and performance was investigated. The results showed that adding SmCl3 can not only refine the discharge holes but also improve the coating's formation efficiency and its’ combination with the substrate. Potentiodynamic polarisation (PDS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests showed that the corrosion characteristics of the PEO coating were greatly improved with SmCl3's addition. The corrosion current density decreased from 8.208 × 10−4 to 3.733 × 10−8 A cm−2 when the presence of optimum level of SmCl3 in solution (0.25 g L−1). Cyclic polarisation test indicated that the pitting corrosion of AZ92D was improved.
The recognition of human voice in deaf and hearing infants
Authors: Coëz Arnaud , Loundon Natalie , Rouillon Isabelle , Parodi Marine , Blanchard Marion , Achard Sophie , Garabédian Eréa-Noël , Bizaguet Eric , Simon Tabassome , Tessier Natacha , Denoyelle Françoise , Gervain Judit
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Deafness in infancy has longlasting consequences on brain organization. To achieve the best developmental outcomes in case of profound deafness, cochlear implantation (CI) needs to take place in a critical period during the first year of life, before the cross-modal reorganization of the brain due to auditory deprivation stabilises, preventing the typical development of the auditory cortices. Despite its importance for implantation outcomes, the nature of this critical period and the underlying neural reorganization have not been fully explored.

Materials and methods:

To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the cortical responses of 12-month-old profoundly deaf infants and their age-matched controls to sounds produced by a human voice as compared to non-human sounds using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The deaf infants were tested before undergoing CI surgery and wore hearing aids, allowing them to perceive low frequencies. Human voice stimuli have been shown to trigger brain responses early in development, possibly due to its evolutionary relevance for survival.

Results:

We found increased brain responses to the human voice in the deaf infants in the bilateral fronto-temporal areas, and their responses correlated with their residual hearing thresholds. These results suggest that even the limited sound stimulation that these deaf infants receive due to their residual hearing allowed the temporal cortices to develop sensitivity to the human voice prior to implantation. The hearing control group showed an inverted hemodynamic response to both voice and non-voice stimuli in the left parietal and right temporal areas, suggesting that by 12 months of age, they habituate rapidly to these very familiar stimuli. While both groups showed an inverted response to the non-voice stimuli, they differed in their responses to voice stimuli.

Conclusions:

We hypothesize that the responses found in deaf infants to human voice can be consider a good cochlear implant prognosis.
Oscillator strengths and cross sections of high Rydberg states in ammonia studied by fast electron scattering
Authors: Chen Jin-Feng , Wang Shu-Xing , Ma Kun , Zhu Lin-Fan
Published: July 2022

We report the experimental generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs) for transitions from the ground state

X

~

A

1

′

1

to the Rydberg states

B

~

E

′
′

1

,

C

~

′

A

1

′

1

,

D

~

E

′

1

+

D

~

″

A

2

′
′

1

,

E

~

E

′

1

(

v

2

′

=
0
–
7

)

+

(

F

~

E

′

1

+

G

~

A

2

′
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1

)

(

v

2

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=
0
–
4

)

and an ‘undefined’ state

U

~

(

v

2

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=
0
–
4

)

in ammonia. The experiment was performed using an angle-resolved electron energy loss spectrometer operated at an incident energy of 1500 eV and an energy resolution of about 80 meV. The experimental observation confirms the recent theoretically predicted appreciable vibrational effects on the GOS for the transition

B

~

E

′
′

1

←

X

~

A

1

′

1

(2021 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 54 135202). The measured GOS data are fitted with the Lassettre formula to determine the corresponding optical oscillator strengths for dipole-allowed transitions. Furthermore, the fitted curves enable the integrations of GOSs over the momentum transfer squares to obtain the Born excitation cross sections. The integral cross sections are scaled to an accurate scale by using the BE-scaling method. The data in this work can supplement the molecular database and deepen our understanding of the scattering mechanism.
Separation of aliasing signals from inductive oil debris monitors based on fully convolutional neural networks
Authors: Chen Siwei , Cao Nan , Zhang Weigong , Yu Bing
Published: July 2022

Inductive oil debris monitors can detect wear debris in lubricating oil in real-time, which has great potential for monitoring the working conditions of mechanical systems. However, the superimposition of the induced voltages when multiple debris particles pass through a sensor at a close distance may lead to an erroneous estimation of the peak-to-peak value of the wear debris waveforms. A complete implementation framework is proposed to separate the aliasing signals based on fully convolutional neural networks, which includes a segmented fractional calculus filtering technique and a semi-simulated training dataset generation method. The results of physical experiments indicate that the proposed method can reduce the average error rate of the peak-to-peak value from 15.36% to 3.96% and the maximum error rate from 56.33% to 9.27% compared with those before separation. The stability and computing time of this method are also evaluated through physical experiments.
Doping Mn2+ in hybrid Ruddlesden–Popper phase of layered double perovskite (BA)4AgBiBr8
Authors: Yadav Priyesh , Khurana Swati , Sapra Sameer
Published: July 2022

The layered hybrid double perovskites emerged as excellent semiconductor materials owing to their environment compatibility and stability. However, these materials are weakly luminescent, and their photoluminescence (PL) properties can be modulated via doping. While Mn2+ doping in perovskites is well known, but to the best of our knowledge the doping of Mn2+ in layered double perovskites (LDPs) is yet to be explored. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the doping of Mn2+ in hybrid inorganic-organic two-dimensional (2D) LDPs, (BA)4AgBiBr8 (BA = n-butyl amine) via a simple solid-state mechanochemical route. The powder x-ray diffraction pattern, and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirm the successful incorporation of Mn2+ ions inside (BA)4AgBiBr8 lattice. The Mn2+ doped 2D LDP shows energy transfer from host excitons to d-electrons of Mn2+ ions, which results in red-shifted broad Mn2+ emission band centered at 625 nm, attributed to the spin-forbidden
4T1 to 6A1 internal transition. This work opens up new possibilities to dope metal ions in 2D LDPs to tune the optical as well as magnetic properties.
Cs4CuSb2Cl12−x
I
x
(x = 0–10) nanocrystals for visible light photodetection
Authors: Mandal Arnab , Mondal Anamika , Bhattacharyya Rachana , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: July 2022

Lead-free layered double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with tunable visible range emission, high carrier mobility and low trap density are the need of the hour to make them applicable for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Introduction of Cu2+ in the high band gap Cs3Sb2Cl9 lattice transforms it to the monoclinic Cs4CuSb2Cl12 (CCSC) NCs having a direct band gap of 1.96 eV. The replacement of 50% Cl− by I− ions generates <5 nm Cs4CuSb2Cl6I6 (C6I6) monodispersed NCs with an unchanged crystal system but with further lowering of the band gap to 1.92 eV. The p-type C6I6 NCs exhibit emission spectra, lower trap density, appreciable hole mobility and most importantly a lower exciton binding energy of only 50.8 ± 1.3 meV. The temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the C6I6 NCs show a decrease in non-radiative recombination from 300 K down to 78 K. When applied as the photoactive layer in out-of-plane photodetector devices, C6I6 NC devices exhibit an appreciable responsivity of 0.67 A W−1 at 5 V, detectivity of 4.55 × 108 Jones (2.5 V), and fast photoresponse with rise and fall time of 126 and 94 ms, respectively. On the other hand, higher I- substitution in Cs4CuSb2Cl2I10 NCs (C2I10) degrades the lattice into a mixture of monoclinic and trigonal crystal phases, which also lowers the device performance.
Inhibition of electron refluxing in laser-gas interactions for enhanced positron generation
Authors: Zhang Z M , Wu Y C , Zhang X H , Yan Y H , Huang H , Meng L B , Qi W , Zhang B , He S K , Cui B , Hong W , Lu F , Yu M H , Zhou K N , Su J Q , Gu Y Q , Zhou W M , Zhu S P , Zhang B H
Published: July 2022

We report an experimental investigation of a laser-gas-converter approach for generating high-yield ultrashort MeV positrons. We observe that MeV electrons with a high charge of several tens of nC can be well generated by a

∼

6

J

,

∼

40

f
s

laser interacting with a high-density gas jet. However, it is shown that the propagation of the highly charged electron beam is significantly inhibited because the electrons are reflected by the sheath potential in the density decreasing region of the gas target, thus leading to a low positron yield. Consequently, by using an integrated nozzle-converter design to eliminate the density falling ramp of the gas target such that the electron refluxing is inhibited, we observe a significant enhancement of positron yield (up to a factor of 15), finally reaching a positron yield of

5
×

10

8

s
r

−
1

. This high-yield ultrashort MeV positron may have great potential toward the simulation of astrophysical pair plasma.
Coherence evolution of bipartite state under decoherent environment
Authors: Wu Tao , Liu Qiong , Shi Jiadong
Published: July 2022

We provide an analysis on the quantum coherence (QC) of a general two-qubit pure state interacting with a local decoherent environment. Our results show that the QC in the environment obeys a conservation relation, i.e. the coherence evolution is equal to the product of the coherence contained in the initial state and the environmental action on the maximum entangled state. This means that the coherence dynamics behaviors of the composite quantum-environment system can be observed by analyzing the environmental action. Moreover, within the Markovian environment, the QC damps monotonously, while it exhibits damped oscillations and suffers damped revivals within the non-Markovian environment. These phenomena of damped oscillations and revivals have been interpreted as memory effects of the non-Markovian environment.
Investigating the UV-excess in Star Clusters with N-body Simulations: Predictions for Future CSST Observations*
Authors: Pang Xiaoying , Shu Qi , Wang Long , Kouwenhoven M. B. N.
Published: July 2022

We study the origin of the UV-excess in star clusters by performing N-body simulations of six clusters with N = 10 k and N = 100 k (single stars & binary systems) and metallicities of Z = 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001, using petar. All models initially have a 50% primordial binary fraction. Using GalevNB we convert the simulated data into synthetic spectra and photometry for the China Space Station Telescope (CSST) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST). From the spectral energy distributions we identify three stellar populations that contribute to the UV-excess: (1) second asymptotic giant branch stars, which contribute to the UV flux at early times; (2) naked helium stars and (3) white dwarfs, which are long-term contributors to the FUV spectra. Binary stars consisting of a white dwarf and a main sequence star are cataclysmic variable (CV) candidates. The magnitude distribution of CV candidates is bimodal up to 2 Gyr. The bright CV population is particularly bright in FUV − NUV. The FUV − NUV color of our model clusters is 1–2 mag redder than the UV-excess globular clusters in M87 and in the Milky Way. This discrepancy may be induced by helium enrichment in observed clusters. Our simulations are based on simple stellar evolution; we do not include the effects of variations in helium and light elements or multiple stellar populations. A positive radial color gradient is present in CSST NUV − y for main sequence stars in all models with a color difference of 0.2–0.5 mag, up to 4 half-mass radii. The CSST NUV − g color correlates strongly with HST FUV − NUV for NUV − g > 1 mag, with the linear relation FUV − NUV =(1.09 ± 0.12) × (NUV − g) + (−1.01 ± 0.22). This allows for conversion of future CSST NUV − g colors into HST FUV − NUV colors, which are sensitive to UV-excess features. We find that CSST will be able to detect UV-excess in Galactic/extragalactic star clusters with ages >200 Myr.
Candidate primary reference measurement procedure for the amount-of-substance content of a complexing agent expressed as EDTA based on the coulometric titration with electrogenerated Hg ions
Authors: Jo Kyungmin , Hwang Euijin
Published: July 2022

The primary reference measurement procedure is a method to realize the definition of the quantity without relation to a reference standard of the same quantity. This paper presents a candidate primary reference measurement procedure for the measurement of the amount-of-substance of a complexing agent expressed as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) based on coulometric titration. Herein, mercury (Hg) was used as the anode because it does not undergo spontaneous oxidation. Furthermore, a 1:1 complex is formed between the electrogenerated Hg2+ ions and EDTA (in the form of Y4−). Although the electrochemical oxidation of Hg may generate Hg2
2+ ion, Hg2
2+ undergoes disproportionation in the presence of EDTA, thereby forming the desired Hg2+ species. The equivalence point occurs at the maximum of the derivative of the theoretical titration curve. As such, the measurement results were obtained by assuming that the maximum of the derivative of the experimental titration curve was the end point. The developed procedure was employed for the measurement of the amount-of-substance content of the complexing agent in EDTA reference material certified at the Slovak Institute of Metrology. The experimental measurements agreed well with the certified value for the reference material within the measurement uncertainty. The candidate procedure will be useful in certifying EDTA reference material and establishing international equivalence of amount content of the complexing agent.
Non-destructive testing of physical and mechanical properties of local zones in welded joints
Authors: Matyunin V M , Sliva A P , Marchenkov Yu A , Zhgut D A , Rodyakina R V , Karimbekov M A , Volkov P V , Demidov A N
Published: July 2022

The influence of the “saw-tooth” type electron beam sweep on the penetration shape during electron-beam welding of 30KhGSA high-strength steel with different welding modes was investigated. Using the instrumented indentation method, the distribution of Young’s modulus, as well as the characteristics of strength and plasticity in the welded joints cross-sections, was obtained. It has been found that in the weld metal there is a sharp increase in strength characteristics, while the plasticity ones are significantly reduced. The values of the Young’s modulus also varied over the cross-sections. The considerable decrease in this characteristic (up to 20%) was registered in the weld metal in comparison with the parent metal results.
A meshfree method for analysis of thermo-elastic problems with moving heat sources in welding
Authors: Saucedo-Zendejo F R , Cortes-Vargas A C
Published: July 2022

This manuscript presents the development and application of a meshfree procedure based on the finite pointset methods for thermo-elastic problems with moving heat sources, which are present in welding processes. The meshfree nature of this formulation gives the advantage of dealing with geometrical distortions and even fragmentations without the need of using computationally expensive remeshing approaches with a very simple implementation. A description of the implementation of this method and the solutions of some numerical examples are presented in order to show the potential of this formulation for dealing with thermoelasticity problems with moving heat sources and to introduce promising future fields of application.
A New Method to Reduce Near-Infrared Data of Palomar Observatory
Authors: Shao Fred
Published: July 2022

Compared to large optical spectral surveys, near infrared spectra is overwhelmingly outnumbered. Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the largest optical spectroscopic survey, has published about 5,789,200 optical spectra in its latest data release DR16, while no large scale near infrared spectra survey has been performed. Typical studies in near infrared are based on limited samples of a few tens to hundreds of near infrared spectra. TripleSpec is one of the workhorses near Infrared (NIR) spectrograph, mounted on the Palomar 200-inch telescope (P200). We have acquired more than 200 new quasar NIR spectra during the past years, compared to the largest sample ever compiled. During the reduction of our latest TripleSpec data, we found that the well accepted data reduction pipeline Spextool (citation: 835) completely ignored one of the five spectral orders (Order 7) of the raw data, probably due to its low throughput. Astronomical observations are always photons starving, we investigate the possibility of incorporation of the photons on Order 7 by developing a new data reduction pipeline. We test the new pipeline on our new quasar NIR data. Compared to the results from Spextool, 1. The pipeline is also featured by its full automaticity, 2. the wavelength coverage extended from 1-2.5 μm to 0.9-2.5 μm, revealing new features such as rest frame Pa ε, [S III] 9531, [C I] 9824, [C I] 9850, [S VIII] 9910, as well as redshifted spectral features for higher redshift targets. 3. The median signal to noise ratio for 0.9-1.1 μm have been elevated by a factor of 2. The pipeline could be easily generalized to accommodate other popular NIR instruments such as IRTF/SPEX, we plan to publish the pipeline and the 200 new quasar NIR spectra to the community. Keck/NIRSPEC.
Performance of the LHCb RICH detectors during LHC Run 2
Authors: Calabrese R. , Fiorini M. , Luppi E. , Minzoni L. , Slazyk I. , Tomassetti L. , Bartolini M. , Cardinale R. , Fontanelli F. , Petrolini A. , Pistone A. , Calvi M. , Matteuzzi C. , Lupato A. , Simi G. , Kucharczyk M. , Malecki B. , Witek M. , Benson S. , Blago M. , Cavallero G. , Contu A. , D'Ambrosio C. , Frei C. , Gys T. , He J. , Piedigrossi D. , Wyllie K. , Adinolfi M. , Chapman M.G. , Dalseno J. , Harnew S. , Maddrell-Mander S. , Naik P. , Prouve C. , Rademacker J. , Solomin A. , Garra Ticó J. , Gibson V. , Jones C.R. , Tolk S. , Wotton S.A. , Easo S. , Papanestis A. , Wilson F. F. , Carson L. , Eisenhardt S. , Gambetta S. , Gizdov K. , Luo H. , Morris A. , Muheim F. , Pappagallo M. , Smith I. , Webster J. , Zonneveld J. , Karodia S. , Ogilvy S. , Sail P. , Soler F.J.P. , Spradlin P. , Traill M. , Baker S. , Clark D. , Clark I. , Ladhams K. , McCann M. , Moise R.D. , Nardini D. , Patel M. , Savidge T. , Smith E. , Stefkova S. , Websdale D. , Bjorn M. , Cheung F. , Gao R. , Harnew N. , Hill D. , Malde S. , Nandi A. , Topp-Jorgensen S.
Published: July 2022

The performance of the ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors at
the LHCb experiment is determined during the LHC Run 2 period
between 2015 and 2018. The stability of the Cherenkov angle
resolution and number of detected photons with time and running
conditions is measured. The particle identification performance is
evaluated with data and found to satisfy the requirements of the
physics programme.
Life Cycle Assessment for Tertiary Wastewater Treatment and Reuse versus Seawater Desalination
Authors: Aleisa E , Al-Mutiri Asmaa
Published: July 2022

Wastewater reuse is now indispensable for meeting the increasing water demand, particularly under conditions of alarming water scarcity, which is now already affecting every continent. The objective of this study is to apply life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact and missed opportunity of treating municipal wastewater to tertiary quality and compare it to conventional seawater desalination in the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries, namely: Multistage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). The study follows the ISO 14040/44 standards and uses a functional unit of 1 Mm3 of tertiary treated effluent (TTE). The modeling concept adopts the cradle-to-gate consequential paradigm. The life cycle inventory is based on fielded data collection, reports, literature and Ecoinvent database processes. The scope includes: infrastructure, grid, materials, energy requirements, chemical additives and sludge disposal; for primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. The life cycle impact assessment is applied on both the characterized and normalized levels using the ReCiPe method. Compared to distillation, TTE exhibits an average reduction of 94% in fossil depletion. For climate change and particulate matter, an average reduction of 79% and 73% can be realized respectively. The large difference is due to energy consumption in desalination, despite that fact that the energy considered is only the allocated portion to distillation in the cogeneration total, using exergy specific power consumption.
Mitigation of Concrete Cover Separation in Concrete Beams Strengthened with Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Al-Saawani Mohammed A , El-Sayed Ahmed K , Al-Negheimish Abdulaziz I
Published: July 2022

Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) is an effective method that is gaining more acceptance worldwide. However, failure of the strengthened beams at the plate-end region by concrete cover separation (CCS) compromises the effectiveness of such a strengthening system. Among available anchorage systems to remedy such problem, the use of FRP U-wraps at the end region of the externally bonded FRP has the potential to prevent CCS failure. Most studies in the literature suffer from poor design of test specimens and the use of random amounts of FRP anchorage. This resulted in nonconclusive findings and contradicting results on the real effectiveness of FRP U-wraps as an anchorage to prevent plate-end debonding failure. That in turn has been reflected in the lack of reliable design methods for the design of FRP U-wrap anchorage. In this paper, the effect of FRP U-wraps on the mitigation of CCS failure in FRP-strengthened RC beams was experimentally examined and quantified. The study included full-scale RC beams strengthened in flexure using carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets and anchored at the plate-end region using vertical CFRP U-wraps. The test variable was the amount of CFRP U-wrap that is required to achieve complete mitigation of CCS. The test results indicated the effectiveness of FRP U-wraps on mitigating CCS failure once the required area of CFRP U-wrap was placed. Relevant design models were presented and assessed against the experimental results of the current study. The comparisons indicated inaccurate predictions for the area of FRP U-wrap that is required to prevent CCS. This sheds the light on the need for developing a more reliable and accurate method for the design of an end anchorage to prevent CCS failure.
Development of Kelvin/Zisman Probe Based Methodology for Detection of Minor Water Leaks in Underground Pipelines
Authors: Al Fuhaid A F
Published: July 2022

Pipelines are the main means of transportation for liquids such as fresh water. Maintaining the pipelines in a healthy condition is essential to avoid leakage that could affect the economy, environment, sustainability, health and safety. Therefore, valuable water must be well managed and saved by detecting the minor leaks before outrageous losses. The objective of this research is to develop a Kelvin/Zisman probe (KZP) based methodology to detect water leaks in underground supply pipelines. A KZP measures the presence of moisture in soil by assessing the electric potential value (E) in volts that is set-up by the probe. It is designed to detect minor leaks especially in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and metallic pipes such as steel pipes (ANSI Schedule 40). The developed KZP passes above the ground surface (soil) to take the potential value readings. The reading results confirm the KZP is sensitive to the moisture; so, it can detect water content of soil with 6.7%, 5.6%, and 5.2%, but cannot detect 4.6% or less. Accordingly, the reading results of water contents comply with their R-squared, which are 0.97, 0.96, 0.98, and 0.81, respectively. Furthermore, 6.7%, 5.6%, and 5.2% water content average potential values are 5.6V, 6.2V, and 7.2V, respectively, which are inversely proportional. The proportionality between water content of soil and potential value reading proves the KZP has potential to detect the water leaks.
Energy Efficient Outdoor Lighting System Design: Case Study of IT Campus
Authors: Gnana Swathika O.V. , Karthikeyan K. , Subramaniam Umashankar , Udayanga Hemapala K.T.M. , Bhaskar Sagar Mahajan
Published: July 2022

Outdoor lighting solutions are a key to safe urbanization. It is important that assessment of lighting is done at the design stage keeping in mind the crucial parameters like environment friendly design, light pollution, and energy efficiency. These crucial parameters are met by meticulously using lighting standards at each and every stage of lighting design. This process further naturally inclines in realizing sustainable lighting solutions for the future generations. In this paper, a case study of an Information Technology (IT) campus which requires suitable outdoor lighting system is considered. Outdoor lighting is very essential from the security perspective and also for the people and vehicle movement during night time. Hence it is necessary to design and implement an effective lighting scheme. To achieve this it is necessary to perform extensive lighting calculations and simulations in DIALUX software platform.
Emerging Trends in Overcoming the Weather Barrier to Sustainable Mobility in Gulf and Tropical Cities
Authors: Al-Atroush M.E. , Mustaffa Z. , Sebeay T.A.
Published: July 2022

Several studies predicted that in case of the continuous rising concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs), the gulf region might experience intolerable temperatures to humans. Such terrible weather may have a severe consequence on different vital activities in different Gulf countries, such as the Muslim rites of Hajj in Mecca city. However, supporting the global mitigation efforts would significantly minimize the seriousness of the expected impacts. With that in mind, hot weather was reported as the significant barrier to sustainable mobility in those countries. Their current mobility is heavily dependent on privately-owned fossil-fueled vehicles rather than other sustainable transport choices. This paper reviewed the most recent innovative and solutions to overcome the problems associated with the hot climate. The review focused on the new techniques concerned with reducing the pavement surface temperature and the corresponding decreases in the ambient air temperature, aiming to promote sustainable mobility modes in hot climate cities. The paper also identified future research needs to fulfill each proposed solution's scientific and practical gap and overcome the weather barrier.
The Sustainability of Egyptian Modern Architecture
Authors: Elkady M , Goubran S
Published: July 2022

HVAC proliferation has had a lasting effect on architecture, forcing buildings to comply with the infrastructural and newly acquired physiological requirements. Daniel A. Barber argues that air conditioning successfully hijacked modernist internationalism and turned it into an essential tool for extracting and concentrating wealth. In the sustainability discourse, modernist architecture is often blamed for practices and design-logics that are not ecologically conscious. On the other hand, despite ongoing efforts by academics and practitioners to deconstruct current notions of sustainability, sustainability is yet to integrate the rich contributions of modernism. The paper investigates how Egyptian pre-HVAC modern architecture addressed contemporary sustainability concerns through a structured thematic analysis of Egyptian Modernist Sayed Karim’s (1911-2005) work. Different features are extracted and mapped in the analysis of four cases to study how the architect balanced between the ecological, social/cultural, aesthetic, and functional motives. Some elements, such as zoning and shared or common spaces, strike a balance between these dimensions and instigate a rethinking of what Egyptian modernists can offer to the sustainable design field. The analysis presented opens a new venue for how today’s sustainable architecture movement can benefit from Global South modernism, taking passive ventilation strategies as precedent.
Cultural identity of places through a sustainable design approach of cultural buildings. The case of Riyadh.
Authors: Moscatelli M
Published: July 2022

Architecture in Saudi Arabia has undergone significant changes in recent decades due to rapid planning and massive expansion, especially in the major cities of Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam. In the strategic framework of the Saudi Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia will become one of the major destinations for international visitors, thanks to its cultural heritage. It is, therefore, necessary to ensure a design of contemporary buildings that reinforce the identity of the place by reflecting the local culture through a sustainable approach by responding to the site and the climate, strengthening the quality of the indoor environment for the health and well-being of people. This paper seeks to identify relevant criteria for architectural design in which sustainability and cultural identity are strongly related. These criteria arise from a critical reflection on various factors fundamental in public buildings design, such as the historical knowledge of the place, recognition of significant pre-existing buildings, climatic aspects, and the health and comfort of building occupants. Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, one of the fastest-growing cities in the Middle East, is selected as a case study. This study takes the project of a cultural centre in Riyadh city as an experimental verification of these theoretical assumptions. The aim is to strengthen the cultural identity of the place through social and cultural spaces that reflect Saudi culture while at the same time preserving the environment and natural resources. A well-managed and actual design of cultural buildings in the selected case study in Riyadh is essential to promote culture and heritage to reinforce the sense of regional and national identity towards a sustainable design approach. In this investigation, the paper attempts to define guidelines through a cultural and sustainable strategy that can be generalized to other Gulf countries.
Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality on Work Productivity in Educational Buildings: A Review.
Authors: Labib W , Sirror H , Abowardah E S , Metwally W
Published: July 2022

Sustainable building provides an option of using resources efficiently and creating healthier environments for occupiers to live and work. Establishing a sustainable workplace has become a worldwide trend for minimizing adverse effects on the occupants and environment. A sustainable workplace is environmentally conscious, socially responsible, and resource-efficient. It necessitates an integrated, comprehensive strategy to develop work culture, decrease environmental consequences, and improve the workplace. As a result, certain educational facilities throughout the globe have adopted Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) accreditation as a global standard for high-performing sustainable buildings. The literature assessment found that there is currently little research on environmental sustainability and how to improve the workplace successfully. It also shows that this notion is new to Saudi Arabia’s educational buildings, and the influence of LEED on staff performance and satisfaction has yet to be researched. Thus, this research paper investigates the main indoor environmental quality parameters adopted in studying occupants’ satisfaction in LEED-certified buildings. Such parameters are office layout, office furnishings, lighting, and acoustic quality. The study also investigates the effectiveness of workplace indoor environmental parameters on occupants’ performance. The research could help as a first step to certifying the building as LEED O+M (Operations and Maintenance for existing buildings). This aligns with Saudi Vision 2030, which emphasizes enhancing living quality and safety, as reflected by employee performance and satisfaction.
Market Transformation Towards Sustainability in Saudi Arabia: A Comparison Between Mostadam And LEED Rating Systems
Authors: Sirror H , Dwidar S , Derbali A , Abdelsattar A , Abdel-Gawad D
Published: July 2022

The Saudi Vision 2030 launched several visualization programs, including the housing program, to create a vibrant environment for families and society. The Ministry of Housing created Mostadam, a national green building rating system that Sustainable Building operates to achieve this aim. Previously, buildings in Saudi Arabia were primarily certified using the US Green Building Council's LEED Rating system. (USGBC). The study investigates the market transformation towards sustainability in Saudi Arabia by comparing Mostadam and LEED. The study's main objectives are to compare Mostadam and LEED in terms of rating systems, certification levels, and the weight of categories offered in the two rating systems. The market transformation is investigated by using comparative analysis. Results showed that the Mostadam rated building is more adapted to the Saudi construction industry, and this is because awareness about building sustainability transformed the market towards more sustainable construction.
Utilization Of Corn Cob As A Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate In Concrete Blocks
Authors: Khan Mujahid , Musab K. , Ur Rahmaan Mohd Habeeb
Published: July 2022

Demand for construction activity is on a steep rise due to an increase in population, which has led to a growth in industrialisation and urbanisation in the country by marshalling the way for infrastructure development resulting in heavy usage of natural resources. To implement such ventures concrete must be used which require an immense quantity of non-renewable resources such as Fine aggregates, Coarse aggregate, and Cement. Corn is one of the widely used grain all around the world, its impulsive nature towards wastage generation of about 50-70% as corncob has concerned a lot due to waste accumulation. Keeping in view of the availability of natural resources, rise in environmental pollution and waste deposition by construction industry, has motivated us to work on this aspect. In this paper, discussion is carried out on the influence of using corncob as a partial replacement to the coarse aggregate in the concrete mix. It aims at finding out the optimum percentage replacement for natural coarse aggregates, which can give us the similar or more strength and has the same amount of workability as compared to nominal concrete. Moulds were casted using cement, sand, coarse aggregate, corncob, and marble paste. Cubes were casted and tested for 7-days, 14-days & 28-days against compression loads to determine its compressive strength.
Tensile strength of single banana fibers (SBFs) improved by novel alkaline treatment
Authors: Norman Mohd Khairul Efni , Hashim Mohd Yussni
Published: July 2022

Environmental concern on global warming controversy has raised the issue that forced the researchers to work on green materials. Among them, plant fibers are recognized as environmentally friendly with a high potential to explore their adaptability and utilization for many engineering applications. This paper aims to examine the banana fiber behavior of various alkaline treatment conditions and compare the results with untreated fiber conducted on the same tests. Both the tests were subjected to physical and tensile load, then each condition was tested individually to achieve a valid average. The Paper frame technique was adopted for this single fiber tensile test (SFTT) and corresponding to the stress-strain curves. Surface morphology was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare and find the effect of alkaline treatment on surface fiber modification.
Simulation of wear map for biodiesel interacted automotive materials
Authors: Cetin S Y , Maleque M A , Masjuki H H
Published: July 2022

Selection of material for automotive component has an important role to avoid wear problem that encountered in static and moving parts due to fuels used in the engine especially, biodiesel. Biodiesel compositions such as dissolved water, free water and emulsified water accelerate oxidation of metallic materials. During the combustion process, the biodiesel contributes to the corrosive wear of the engine components leading to the shortening of the life span. The early prediction of the wear behavior under severe conditions in presence of biodiesel would be a vital solution. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to propose a wear map simulation for examining wear phenomenon of automotive component materials in presence of biodiesel. Herewith, materials that come into contact with biofuel/biodiesel in automotive application are highlighted for better design and selection in the future. This study concluded that based on the wear map simulation proper selection of material with higher durability and wear resistant can offer a better future for economic and reliability of the components. The development of wear map with recommendation aids researchers making decisions and innovation on the metals engine components. Furthermore, a full explanation on the reaction between biodiesel and metals can increase the innovation in the automotive industry.
Synthetization of TiC surface hardening using TIG melting technique - The effect of working distance
Authors: Idriss A. N. Md , Maleque M. A. , Afiq A
Published: July 2022

Surface hardening with and without hard reinforcing material can be achieved by melting technique on the top substrate area via high energy input fusion. The aim is to apply TIG torch heat input of 1344 J/mm at two different working distances such as 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm to incorporate the preplaced TiC particulates on the surface of AISI 4340 low alloy steel. Results pertaining to the microstructural features, melt pool sizes, defects, topographies and microhardness were investigated using the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and Vickers microhardness tester. The results showed that the heat loss through the arc column at 1.5 mm of working distance resulted small melt pool geometry and poor dissolution of TiC particulates. Lower working distance increases heating value leading more precipitation of TiC whilst minimizing those the undissolved particulates. The surface submerged at working distance of 0.5 mm produced microhardness ranging from 800 HV to 1500 HV. The work suggested that heat fusion can be enhanced by marginal working distance whilst saving the energy to melt instead of increasing the used voltage, current, decreasing scanning speed, or adding fluxes or shielding with special gasses.
Adaptive solar panel - overview and conceptual design
Authors: Hamid Wan Luqman Hakim Wan A. , Basharuddin Nurul ‘Ilya , Sukindar Nor Aiman
Published: July 2022

Renewable energy should reach its maximum usage capacity, around 20%, by 2025, as laid out by the Malaysian government to achieve the seventh Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): Affordable and clean energy. Many actions have been implemented to support the idea, including the development of solar energy panels in large photovoltaic installation. However, the installations require a wide area of land, and the efficiency offered is limited due to their fixed position. The efficiency of solar panels in absorbing the light from the sun is important to increase the energy supply. Several designs of the adaptive solar panel were developed by researchers, but the installation costs are high due to the components used. Commonly used actuators to move the solar panels are motor (DC motor, stepper motor, servo motor) that actuate according to the signals from photosensor, programming logic control (PLC), or microcontroller. Herein, the development of an Adaptive Solar Panel (ASP) is studied. SMA with high recoverability when it is strained is introduced as an actuator that capable of generating large actuation when heated to move the solar panel. In discovering the potential of SMA wire, a modern environmental-friendly design with six layers of solar panels with a rotational support system was designed in this study. In future work, the SMA wire actuation will be evaluated by computational simulation method using LS-Dyna.
Deep-learning-based detection of missing road lane markings using YOLOv5 algorithm
Authors: Azmi Nur Hanisah , Sophian Ali , Bawono Ali Aryo
Published: July 2022

Road lane markings are critical for ensuring road user safety. To improve their safety, there are even different types of road lane markings, such as single solid lines, double solid lines, dashed single line etc. Their colors generally are white and yellow. This road lane markings mainly used to provide guidance and information for road user to comply with the rule of the road. Unfortunately, these markings get worn out with time and may even disappear. In order to prevent this from happening, regular inspection and maintenance need to be conducted. Manual inspection is tedious, slow, and prone to human errors. With the recent technological advancement, especially in machine vision and artificial intelligence, automated or semi-automated missing road lane marking detection systems can potentially be developed. In this work, preliminary study of the implementation of one of the latest deep learning algorithms, i.e. YOLOv5, has been carried out in the detection and classification of missing road lane markings. This paper shows the preliminary results which look promising as the mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) reaches 0.995.
Detection of unbalance and looseness faults in a ventilation turbine using vibration signature analysis
Authors: Djemana Mohamed , Benyoucef Rania , Hrairi Meftah
Published: July 2022

Heavy industry, which generally uses turbomachines, often uses both technologies to perform high-performance vibration monitoring of its production tool. Vibration analysis is one of the means used to monitor the health of rotating machinery in operation. This is part of a policy of forecast maintenance of the industrial production tool. This work is part of the monitoring and diagnosis of rotating machines by vibration analysis taking as an example the X205 circulation fan. Numerical simulation was done to test the capabilities and limitations of a dynamic simulation. The modelling of vibratory phenomena is developed using SolidWorks software to perform a dynamic simulation of the 3D model. The numerical simulations were performed to find the effect of different types of defects, such as defect of unbalance fin fan and bolt joint looseness, on the output of system. The numerical results were confirmed either by experimentally using employing results available in the open literature that existent at factory of cement plant (SCHS) and a good agreement was observed. The proposed and derived model has demonstrated the viability of dynamic simulation approach to rotating machines by vibration analysis and serves as a significant alternative approach to the direct experimentation on the same systems in terms of cost and time.
Machine Learning Model to Predict Slump, VEBE and Compaction Factor of M Sand and Shredded Pet Bottles Concrete
Authors: Nadimalla A.M , Masjuki S.A , Saad S.A , Ali M
Published: July 2022

A measure of how easy it is to transport, cast, compact and surface finish of fresh concrete without any segregation is directly proportional to workability of concrete. The consistency of fresh concrete indirectly measures its workability. VeBe test, slump test and compaction factor test are some of the methods that can be used to study the consistency of concrete. A quick determination of the concrete strength and fresh properties is an important element on large construction sites for mass concreting to save time and cost. It is important to develop a machine learning model to predict the strength and workability of concrete with the help of available data. This paper aims to develop the machine learning model with the help of experimental data such as slump, VeBe and compaction factor of concrete incorporated with shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles, Manufactured Sand (M-sand) and River sand as fine aggregates replacement in concrete mixtures. The machine learning model is developed by using different machine learning techniques such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Decision Tree Regression (DTR). As per the results obtained the DTR model is performed well than MLR model.