bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis disease burden in Shenyang, China, 2023
Authors: Chen Huijie , Li Peng , Yang Zhixing , Wen Lihai , Sun Baijun , Sun Wei , Bi Haiyan
Published: May 2024

Background
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the most serious infectious diseases worldwide and poses a great threat to people’s health. China has a vast territory with substantial regional disparities in the PTB disease burden. However, there have been no studies conducted to evaluate the PTB disease burden in Shenyang. The aim was to elucidate the magnitude, composition, and distribution of PTB disease burden in Shenyang.
Methods
The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) calculated based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework was used to assess the disease burden of PTB in Shenyang in 2023, and descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to elucidate the magnitude, composition, and distribution characteristics of PTB disease burden in Shenyang.
Results
In 2023, 4,169 PTB cases were reported in Shenyang, including 2,901 males and 1,268 females. The incidence of PTB was 45.50/105, of which 64.29/105 for males and 27.30/105 for females. The incidence among males was higher than that among females (X2 = 688.56, p<0.001). The highest incidence was 107.00/105 in the group of the population aged 80 and above (X2 = 1171.75, p<0.001). In 2023, 189 PTB deaths were reported in Shenyang, including 156 males and 33 females. The mortality of PTB was 2.06/105 of which 3.46/105 for males and 0.71/105 for females. The mortality among males was higher than that among females (X2 = 83.69, p<0.001). The highest mortality was 16.04/105 in the group of the population aged 80 and above (X2 = 285.61, p<0.001). The PTB DALYs rate was 58.25/105, of which 91.73/105 for males and 21.22/105 for females. The DALYs rate among males was higher than that among females (X2 = 44.04, p<0.001). The highest DALYs rate was 149.86/105 in the group of the population aged 80 and above (X2 = 305.35, p<0.001). Years of life lost (YLLs) due to PTB accounted for 71.38% of total DALYs, of which 74.33% for males and 52.89% for females.
Conclusion
The disease burden of PTB in Shenyang in 2023 was lower than that in China, showing characteristics of that the disease burden increased with age, and males was higher than that of females. The predominant disease burden of PTB was attributed to YLLs, accounting for as much as 71.38%, indicating that PTB primarily results in premature mortality rather than disability. Therefore, the focus should be shifted towards early intervention to reduce transmission, especially for the aged males.
The clinical value of serum creatinine to bilirubin ratio in predicting the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Jun-Yi , He Jun-Lian , Feng Feng-Yi , Yang Xiao-Ya , Xie Wen-Rui
Published: May 2024

Background
Bilirubin (BIL) and creatinine (Cr) have been used as potential early predictors of the severity of many diseases. A recent study found that the Cr to BIL ratio (CTR) was more sensitive and specific than either serum Cr or BIL alone. Our research focused on the clinical significance of CTR in evaluating the severity and prognosticating outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP) in patients.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with AP at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University between July 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020 were included. The analysis then focused on examining the relationship between CTR levels and the severity of the illness, the occurrence of complications, and the prognosticating outcomes for individuals diagnosed with AP. A total of 286 AP patients were enrolled.
Results
Multivariate regression analyses showed that patients with AP with increased CTR levels had a poorer disease (easier to develop severe AP); higher multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), Ranson, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE-II) scores; higher incidence of organ failure (acute heart failure [AHF], acute kidney injury [AKI] and acute myocardial infarction [AMI] ); and leading to a worse prognosis characterized more by frequent use of vasoactive and diuretic agents than patients with lower CTR levels.
Conclusion
Patients with AP who exhibit higher CTR levels tend to experience escalating disease severity, more complications, and a poorer outcome compared with those with lower CTR levels.
Prevalence, risk factors, and treatment status of anemia in hospitalized older patients: a focus on differences between Geriatric and Nephrological Hospital Setting in Italy
Authors: Soraci Luca , De Vincentis Antonio , Aucella Filippo , Fabbietti Paolo , Corsonello Andrea , Arena Elena , Aucella Francesco , Gatta Giuseppe , Incalzi Raffaele Antonelli
Published: May 2024

Anemia is a common but often underdiagnosed and undertreated geriatric syndrome in hospitalized older patients. In this retrospective multicenter study, we aimed at characterizing the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic and treatment approach to anemia in older patients admitted to acute care hospitals, focusing on differences between nephrology and geriatrics units.
Prevalence and risk factors for anemia, diagnostic inertia (lack of iron, vitamin B12, and folate status assessment), replacement inertia (omitted treatment with iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid), and erythropoiesis stimulating factors (ESA) inertia were explored.
1,963 patients aged 82.7 (6.8) years were included in the study; 66.7 % of the study population had anemia; among anemic patients, diagnostic inertia and replacement inertia were common with rates of 22-31% and 50-87 %, respectively; omitted treatment with ESA affected 67.2 % of patients and was more prevalent in geriatric units. In most cases, patients with ESA inertia were not routinely screened for iron tests. COPD, cancer, eGFR 45-60 ml/min were associated with increased tendency to ESA inertia. In conclusion, anemia had a high prevalence in older patients discharged from acute care units, but it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Molecular evolution and genetic diversity of defective chorion 1 in Anastrepha fraterculus and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Authors: Bisio Mariana Cassia , Santos Edyane M dos , Santos Camilla Alves , Chahad-Ehlers Samira , de Brito Reinaldo A
Published: May 2024

The family Tephritidae comprises numerous fruit fly species, some of which are economically significant, such as several in the genus Anastrepha. Most pest species in this genus belong to the fraterculus group, characterized by closely related species that are difficult to differentiate due to recent divergence and gene flow. Identifying genetic markers for their study is paramount for understanding the group’s evolution and eventual phytosanitary control. Because there is variation in eggshell morphology among species in the genus, we studied the rapidly evolving defective chorion 1 (dec-1) gene, which is crucial for chorion formation and reproduction. Fragments of dec-1 from two of the most important pest species in the genus, Anastrepha fraterculus and Anastrepha obliqua, were amplified and compared to transcriptome sequences, as well as dec-1 sequences from Anastrepha ludens, which was used for structure prediction. These data revealed three alternative transcripts in A. fraterculus and A. obliqua, consistent with patterns found in other Tephritidae; we obtained orthologous sequences for these other tephritids from NCBI to investigate patterns of selection affecting this gene at different hierarchical levels using different methods. These analyses show that purifying selection has had an important role across the whole gene and throughout its history, but there was evidence of positive and episodic diversifying selection at different levels. Different parts of the gene have shown distinct evolutionary rates, potentially correlating with the diverse proproteins produced by posttranslational changes. This correlation appears evident in certain lineages, including the branch that separates Anastrepha, as well as other internal branches that differentiate species within the genus. Our data showed that this gene shows remarkable variation across its different exons, which has proven to be informative at different evolutionary levels. These changes hold promise not only for studying differentiation in Anastrepha but also for the eventual management of selected pest species.
Fecal Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Increases the Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhotic Patients: Insights from Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Features
Authors: Wu Peishan , Lee Pei-Chang , Chang Tien-En , Hsieh Yun-Cheng , Chiou Jen-Jie , Lin Chao-Hsiung , Huang Yi-Long , Lin Yi-Tsung , Huo Teh-Ia , Schnabl Bernd , Lee Kuei-Chuan , Hou Ming-Chih
Published: May 2024

Background
Impact of fecal colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) on changes in gut microbiota and associated metabolites, as well as its role in cirrhosis-associated outcomes, has not been thoroughly investigated.
Methods
Eighty-eight cirrhotic patients and 22 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled with analysis conducted on plasma metabolites, fecal MDROs, and microbiota. Patients were followed for a minimum of one year. Predictive factors for cirrhosis-associated outcomes were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression models, and risk factors for fecal MDRO carriage were assessed using logistic regression model. Correlations between microbiota and metabolic profiles were evaluated through Spearman's rank test.
Results
Twenty-nine (33%) cirrhotic patients exhibited MDRO carriage, with a notably higher rate of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in MDRO carriers (20.7% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.008). Cox regression analysis identified higher serum lipopolysaccharide levels and fecal MDRO carriage as predictors for HE development. Logistic regression analysis showed that MDRO carriage is an independent risk factor for developing HE. Microbiota analysis showed a significant dissimilarity of fecal microbiota between cirrhotic patients with and without MDRO carriage (p = 0.033). Thirty-two metabolites exhibiting significantly different expression levels among healthy controls, cirrhotic patients with and without MDRO carriage were identified. Six of the metabolites showed correlation with specific bacterial taxa expression in MDRO carriers, with isoaustin showing significantly higher levels in MDRO carriers experiencing HE compared to those who did not.
Conclusion
Fecal MDRO carriage is associated with altered gut microbiota, metabolite modulation, and an elevated risk of HE occurrence within a year.
Involved-field irradiation versus elective nodal irradiation in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Zhou Xiaoding , Liu Ying , Zhu Jie , Li Jingqiu , Wang Yi , Huang Guiyu , Peng Lin , Han Yongtao , Leng Xuefeng , Wang Chenghao , He Wenwu , Wu Lei , Wang Qifeng
Published: May 2024

Background
The method of lymph node (LN) irradiation for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC) is still a topic of debate. We investigated the efficacy, toxicity, and rate of out-of-field LNs in irradiation across different target areas in patients with LA-ESCC undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patient records from June 2017 to August 2022 and divided patients into elective nodal irradiation (ENI) and involved-field irradiation (IFI) groups. The differences in hematological and non-hematological toxicities of the out-of-field LNs were analyzed between the two groups. The log-rank test was used to evaluate the Kaplan–Meier curves for overall and progression-free survival.
Results
Among the 306 included patients, 202 (66.0%) received ENI and 104 (34.0%) received IFI. At the 3-year follow-up, the survival rate did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05). Although the occurrence of radiation-induced pneumonia did not differ (p > 0.05), the incidence of radiation-induced esophagitis and the degree of leukopenia differed significantly (p < 0.05). While the average heart irradiation dose or heart V20, V30, and V40 did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), we observed significant differences in the clinical target volume, average lung irradiation dose, and lung V20, V30, and V40 (p < 0.05). Among all patients, 29 cases (9.5%) experienced missed LN irradiation with 26 (93.1%) in abdominal LNs, whereas only 3 cases (6.9%) with out-of-field LNs were located in the upper esophagus. There was no statistical significance between missed LN irradiation and LN irradiation methods (p = 0.724).
Conclusions
Under similar prognostic conditions, IFI resulted in mild toxicity compared to ENI. Therefore, for patients with ESCC undergoing nCRT, IFI is the preferred irradiation approach for the lymphatic drainage area.
Metabolic Impact of Exercise Modalities in Inactive Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Amare Friew , Alemu Yehualaw , Enichalew Mollalign , Demlie Yalemsew , Adamu Solomon
Published: May 2024

Method
Twenty healthy physically inactive men (49.15 ± 2.581 years) participated in an 8-month training programme involving concurrent exercise, resistance training, and aerobic training programmes to determine the effects on glucose tolerance and plasma lipids in obese adult persons. This study adopts combining pretest posttest with a repeated measures design component to capture within-subject changes over time with a randomized control trial to assess between-group differences. Plasma glucose concentrations were measured for three hours after the ingestion of 75 g of glucose, and the total areas under the respective curves were calculated. Total plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were determined during fasting. Repeated measures ANCOVA was used for primary data analysis, and the independence between blood lipid variables and group factors was tested.
Result
Pre- to post intervention mean values of body fat percentage, area under the curve, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol decreased in all three groups. The main effect of exercise modality on the AUC was significant. Post hoc analyses revealed that RT (-30.653 ± 6.766, p = 0.001) and CT (M=-0.896, SE = 3.347, P = 0.015) had greater effects than AT. LDL was significantly lower in the AT and CT (MD = 4.783, SE = 1.563, P = 0.002) and (M = 4.57, SE = 1.284, P = 0.008) than in the RT. There was a significant difference in TC between training modalities; AT significantly reduced TC during RT (MD= -17.716, SE = 5.705, P = 0.02). HDL and %BF were not significantly different because of the independent variables affecting these variables.
Conclusion
Exercise modality has emerged as a key factor in optimizing chronic lipid profiles and glycemic control. Notably, both aerobic and concurrent training demonstrated a superior ability to modulate the lipid profile, and resistance training and concurrent training were more effective in reducing the AUC.
Association between left atrial function and outcome in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Giucă Adrian , Galloo Xavier , Meucci Maria C. , Butcher Steele C , Popescu Bogdan A. , Jurcuț Ruxandra , Săftoiu Adrian , Jurcuț Ciprian , Groșeanu Laura , Ahmed Saad , Vries-Bouwstra Jeska , Bax Jeroen J. , Marsan Nina Ajmone
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder in which cardiac involvement is frequent and portends negative prognosis. Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is one of the most common cardiac alterations in these patients and left atrial (LA) reservoir strain (ƐR) measurement using speckle tracking echocardiography has been proposed as a novel parameter for a better assessment of LV diastolic function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the prognostic value of ƐR in a large multicenter cohort of SSc patients.
Methods and results:
In total, 311 SSc patients (54 ± 14 years, 85% female) were included from two different centers. Echocardiography was performed at the time of first visit, including ƐR measurement. Over a median follow-up of 132 (interquartile range: 110 to 157) months, 67 (21.5%) patients experienced the outcome of all-cause mortality. Spline curve analysis identified an optimal cut-off value of 30% for ƐR, and patients with ƐR ≤30% showed a 10-year cumulative survival rate of 71% as compared to 88% for patients with ƐR >30% (log-rank p < 0.001). At the multivariable Cox regression analysis, ƐR was independently associated with the endpoint (HR 1.830; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.031–3.246; p = 0.039) together with age (HR 1.071, 95% CI 1.043 to 1.099; p < 0.001), sex (female) (HR 0.444, 95% CI 0.229 to 0.861; p = 0.016), and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (HR 0.969 95% CI 0.956 to 0.982; p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
ƐR is of independent prognostic value in SSc and might help optimizing risk stratification in these patients.
Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) reduces the need for pre-emptive transfusion in cirrhosis: A randomized controlled Trial (NCT:05698134).
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Ng Xiang Long Louis , Wong Yu Jun , Tan Chin Kimg , Wang Louis Zizhao , Qiu Tian Yu , Wong Benny , Lin Kenneth Weicong , Li James Weiquan , Kwek Andrew Boon Eu , Ang Tiing Leong , Gokhle Roshni Sadashiv , Sivanath Tirukonda Prasanna
Published: May 2024

Backgrounds and Aim: Viscoelastic tests (VET) like Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assess global hemostasis in cirrhosis. We aimed to assess whether ROTEM-guided blood product transfusion results in lower blood product requirement in patients with cirrhosis undergoing elective invasive procedures as compared to standard of care (SOC) based on conventional coagulation test (CCT).Methods In this open label randomized controlled trial, patients with cirrhosis and abnormal CCT who were undergoing an invasive procedure were randomized to receive blood products either by ROTEM-guidance or SOC. The primary outcome was the difference in blood products (fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or platelets) transfused between the group. The secondary outcome was procedure-related bleeding or complications within 7 days of the procedure. The trial protocol is registered at clinicaltrails.gov; NCT05698134.Results From August 2021 to January 2023, a total of 40 patients were recruited (ROTEM: (n = 20) and SOC (n = 20)). The trial was terminated earlier during interim analyses due to compelling benefit in the ROTEM group after a scheduled interim analysis. The ROTEM group required substantially less blood transfusion than the SOC group (40% [8/20] vs 100% [20/20], p < 0.001). The benefit was consistent across all types of blood product including fresh frozen plasma (< 0.001) and pooled platelet (p = 0.046). No patients experienced clinically significant bleeding events. Transfusion associated adverse events occurred in one patient (5%) in the SOC group (allergic reaction) and none in ROTEM group (p = NS). The mortality in both groups at 30 and 90 days were similar.Conclusions Viscoelastic tests like ROTEM provides global assessment of hemostasis in patients with cirrhosis. Institution of ROTEM based transfusion strategy significantly reduces the need for blood product transfusion in patients with cirrhosis undergoing elective procedure without any increased risk of bleeding events.
Malnutrition and associated factors among hospitalized adult patients at a tertiary hospital, Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Okello Samuel , Muyambi Victor , Agaba David Collins , Ogwal Jimmy Odongo , Semuwemba John , Ouma Ronald Omolo , Musinguzi Marvin , Awilli Rebecca , Emmanuel Ekung , Migisha Richard
Published: May 2024

Background: Malnutrition among hospitalized patients is associated with suboptimal recovery, unfavorable prognosis and increased mortality. However, malnutrition in hospitalized patients is often overlooked, underdiagnosed, and frequently inadequately addressed in clinical practice. We determined the prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition in hospitalized adult patients at Lira Regional Referral Hospital (LRRH), Uganda.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at medical wards of LRRH during November and December 2023. The study included patients aged ≥18years through consecutive sampling method. We excluded those who were too unwell to respond to the research questions. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Malnutrition was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), which utilizes body mass index (BMI) scores for classification. Individuals with BMI scores <18.5 kg/m² were categorized as undernourished, those with BMI scores <18.5 kg/m² or ≥25 kg/m² were classified as malnourished, and BMI scores of 18.5-24.9 kg/m² were considered normal. Malnutrition was further categorized based on weight loss percentages, using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool: normal (weight loss 0-<5%), mild/moderate (weight loss 5-10%), and severe (weight loss >10%). Modified Poisson regression was used to evaluate associations between undernutrition and independent variables.
Results: In total, 423 patients were recruited with median age of 40 (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 24-63) years; 223 (53%) were female. Overall, 176 (42%, 95% CI: 37-46%) had malnutrition; 116 (27%) were undernourished, 73 (17%) were mild/moderately undernourished, and 43 (10%) severely undernourished. Being aged >64 years (aPR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01- 1.39), and having adequate dietary intake (aPR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99), were independently associated with under-nutrition.
Conclusion: Approximately 4 out of every 10 patients screened at LRRH had malnutrition. Patients of advanced age were more likely to be undernourished, while those with adequate dietary intake were less likely to be undernourished. The high prevalence of malnutrition highlights the need for increased attention to nutritional assessment and intervention in clinical practice, particularly for older patients. Adequate dietary intake and post-discharge nutritional interventions could reduce the magnitude of under-nutrition and potentially enhance clinical outcomes in this setting.
Unraveling Heterogeneous Malaria Transmission Dynamics in the Peruvian Amazon: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Pinedo-Cancino Viviana , Arista Katty M. , Baldeviano G. Christian , Saavedra-Langer Rafael , Arana Andrei , Vásquez-Chasnamote Maria E. , Valle-Campos Andree , Castro Juan C. , Ventocilla Julio A. , Smith Edward S. , Lescano Andres G. , Ruíz-Mesia Lastenia
Published: May 2024

Background
Malaria continues to pose a significant public health challenge in the Loreto region of the Peruvian Amazon, prompting the implementation of the "Plan Malaria Cero" to minimize cases and eliminate malaria in the region. However, the need for reliable diagnostic tools to monitor changes in transmission intensity and guide interventions remains a critical concern.
Methods
A cross-sectional malaria survey was conducted in the Zungarococha community, comprising four villages, utilizing microscopic, molecular, and serological techniques to evaluate the intensity of malaria transmission. Statistical analysis, including multivariate-adjusted analysis, seroprevalence curves, and spatial clustering analysis were conducted to assess malaria prevalence, exposure, and risk factors.
Results
The survey revealed a high prevalence of asymptomatic infections of 6% by microscopy and 18% by PCR, indicating a higher sensitivity of molecular methods in detecting asymptomatic infections. Seroprevalence varied significantly between villages, reflecting heterogeneous malaria transmission dynamics. Multivariate analysis identified age, village, and limited bednet usage as significant risk factors for malaria infection and species-specific exposure. Seroprevalence curves demonstrated community-specific patterns, with LL and PA showing the highest seroconversion rates for both Plasmodium species.
Conclusions
The study highlights the diversity of malaria transmission in the Loreto region, with pronounced heterogeneity as transmission rates decline, particularly in residual malaria scenarios. The use of molecular and serological techniques enhances the detection of current infections and past exposure, aiding in the identification of epidemiological risk factors. These findings underscore the importance of employing molecular and serological tools to characterize malaria transmission patterns in low-endemicity areas, which is crucial for regions implementing or planning targeted interventions and elimination strategies in malaria-endemic areas, such as the PMC in the Peruvian Amazon.
Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and cardiovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study based on RaNCD cohort data
Authors: Sadafi Sepehr , Azizi Ali , Shakiba Ebrahim , Pasdar Yahya
Published: May 2024

Background: The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) is a relatively new index to measurment obesity. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between WWI and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 8,899 participants from the Ravansar non-communicable diseases study (RaNCD) cohort study. The WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference (WC) by the square root of weight. CVD is described as having a history of stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD), angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction (MI), or using medication for CVD. The study utilized multiple logistic regression to assess the association between WWI and CVD.
Results: The average age of the participants was 47.52± 8.29 years, 45.30% were men and 41.13% were rural residents. The prevalence of CVD was 17.36%. A positive association between WWI and CVD was observed. Participants in the highest quartile of WWI had a 36% (OR= 1.36, 95%CI:1.11, 1.78) higher odds of CVD than those in the lowest quartile (OR= 1.03, 95%CI: 0.79, 1.33) (Ptrend= 0.010). The subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations between WWI and CVD in participants older than 50 years of age, male, urban residents, high SES, and passive smokers (P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that WWI has a greater ability to predict CVD (AUC: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.61, 0.64) compared to body mass index (BMI) (AUC: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.58, 0.61) and WC (AUC: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.59, 0.62).
Conclussion: The association between higher WWI and an increased risk of CVD suggests that WWI management is crucial for preventing CVD.
Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR promotes breast cancer progression and metastasis, induces ferroptosis by regulating the miR-206/CERS2 axis
Authors: wu wei , Yao Zhihan , Chen Yongxing , Xu Rongxuan , Jin Chenxin , cui jiaxue , Diao Yizhuo , Wang Ruiqi , Li Xiaofeng
Published: May 2024

Background: Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays an essential role in tumor development and drug resistance. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) has been reported to regulate the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of tumor cells. However, the function and molecular mechanism of HOTAIR in regulating ferroptosis in tumors remain unclear.
Methods: In this study, we analyzed transcriptome data from TCGA and FerrDb databases using R 4.3.1 and constructed a ceRNA network using Cytoscape 3.9.0. And investigate the effects of HOTAIR on breast cancer cells' proliferation, migration, invasion and ferroptosis through loss-of-function and gain experiments. We used subcellular localization prediction of genes, RNA immunoprecipitation assays, bioinformatics databases as well as RT-qPCR to elucidate the underlying mechanism of HOTAIR-induced competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network.
Results: The functional tests showed that high expression levels of HOTAIR can promote breast cancer cell lines' proliferation, migration and invasion; thus it can be considered a pro-cancer regulator for breast cancer progression. Moreover, HOTAIR is highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines compared with normal tissues; patients exhibiting high HOTAIR expression have advanced clinical stages with numerous lymph node metastases leading to poor overall survival rates. Considering BRCA patients' clinical findings being insensitive to chemotherapy or immunotherapy, ferroptosis induction may be a promising therapeutic strategy for BRCA patients with high expression level of HOTAIR.
Conclusions: Mechanistically, HOTAIR competitively interacts with miR-206 to up-regulate CERS2's expression participating in regulating ferroptosis in breast cancer cells.
The Impact of a Creativity Camp Intervention on Depression and Well-Being in Adolescents
Authors: Cullen Kathryn , DiMaggio-Potter Michaelle E. , Klimes-Dougan Bonnie , Bernstein Gail A. , Koutstaal Wilma , Reigstad Kristina , Padilla Laura , Mueller Bryon , Wu Peng , Schneck David , Abebaw Eyerusalem , Fiecas Mark , Asojo Abimbola , Mejia Angie , Oicherman Boris , Taniguchi Yuko
Published: May 2024

Background: Depression is a serious public health problem that often emerges during adolescence. Many adolescents do not respond to standard treatments, necessitating the development of novel interventions. We conducted a preliminary study to assess the impact of a creative arts intervention on depression and well-being in adolescents.
Methods: Sixty-nine adolescents 12-17 years completed an eight-day “Creativity Camp” intervention encompassing multiple creative activities. Self-report questionnaires to measure depression, anxiety, and well-being were administered at five time points to allow examination of change across multiple temporal segments: the two weeks before camp, the two weeks of camp, the two weeks after camp, and the 6 months after camp. Additionally, while all adolescents in the study participated in camp, they were assigned to one of two groups to compare change observed during the pre-camp period in one group to the during-camp period in the other group.
Results: According to both parent and child reports, pre-to-post-camp, mean adolescent depressive symptoms significantly decreased, and well-being significantly increased, and these changes were sustained two weeks after camp and at the 6-month follow-up. Comparison of change in the pre-camp period to the change observed pre-post camp was significant for parent-reported depression.
Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests that the Creativity Camp intervention may positively impact adolescent depression and well-being. This evidence highlights the importance of investigating and implementing treatment approaches focusing on creative arts for adolescents with depression.
Strategic Integration of Graphene into Multilayer Photoanode; Enhancing Efficiency of Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Under Ambient and Low Irradiance
Authors: Bandara T. M. W. J. , Gunathilake S. M. S. , Gamachchi G. G. D. M. G. , Pemasiri B. M. K , DeSilva L. Ajith , Dissanayake M. A. K. L. , Kumara G. R. A.
Published: May 2024

Graphene is a potential candidate material to boost efficiency in solar cells. The performance of multi-layer TiO2 photoanode based quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is improved by strategically integrating graphene into the appropriate layer of the photoanode. For this purpose, graphene was synthesized from vein graphite, received directly from the mine site, providing a cost-effective, feasible and new approach to enhance DSSC efficiency. Raman and XRD spectra confirm the successful exfoliation of graphite, forming graphene. Graphene integration into layers was analyzed using SEM images. The cells were constructed using photosensitized spin-coated TiO2 multilayer photoanode, Pt counter-electrode, and binary salts gel-polymer electrolyte. Appreciable performance improvement was observed when graphene was added to the fourth layer of the photoanode. The quasi-solid-state DSSC without graphene demonstrated 5.50% efficiency, 700 mA open circuit voltage, 11.04 mA cm-2 short circuit current density and 71.2% fill factor under 1000 W m-2 irradiation. In contrast, the DSSC improved by graphene exhibited 6.8% efficiency, 13.4 mA cm-2 short circuit current density, 770 mA open circuit voltage and 66.2% fill factor under 1000 Wm-2 irradiation. Furthermore, the efficiency and fill factor increase were observed when the irradiance decreased. The DSSC exhibited a remarkable efficiency of 9.4% under 67 W m-2 irradiance. Achieving higher efficiency for quasi-soid state configuration without relying on volatile solvent-based electrolytes is another significance of this study. The study uncovers that the strategic incorporation of graphene, synthesized in an economically viable manner, into specific layers of the photoanode significantly enhances the power conversion efficiency in DSSCs.
Coraliomela brunnea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a new pest in Cocos nucifera in the state of Alagoas
Authors: Pinheiro Rodrigo Almeida , Cabral Maria Jéssica dos Santos , Santos Otavio Rodrigues dos , Silva Carlos Henrique Dionízio da , Marques Estefânia Vitória da Hora , Santos Claudimary Bispo dos
Published: May 2024

The fruit of Cocos nucifera Linnaeus (Aracales: Arecaceae) is widely marketed in Brazil, especially in the Northeast Region, where it is consumed in natura and is a raw material from products used in cooking (flour, milk and oil) in addition to water being appreciated as a drink. Factors such as diseases and pests compromise the production of C. nucifera, e.g., beetles (e.g., defoliators). The aim of this study was to report the first occurrence of Coraliomela brunnea Thunberg, 1821 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) insulting plants of the C. nucifera variety dwarf-green in the state of Alagoas, Northeast China, and its current distribution. The occurrence of defoliation caused by C. brunnea in a young plant, C. nucifera var. Green dwarf, is a warning to small farmers and producers, as it is one of the main beetle species that infests and causes damage to young plants of this species. The record of the species in the state of Alagoas expands its area of occurrence and is now reported in almost the entire Northeast Region.
Quantification of Damages in Laminated Composite Plates through Artificial Neural Network utilizing Generalized Flexibility Method
Authors: Hanumanthappa Siddesha , Imdadi Hammad Maroof , Emani Pavan Kumar
Published: May 2024

In this paper, single and many damages are detected at different places of the three-layered laminated cross-ply (0°/90°/0°) composite plate using Generalized Flexibility Energy Quotient Difference Method (GFEQDM) utilizing the first mode. Only first natural frequency and its mode shape are utilized which constitute the major advantage in the proposed method, as they are easy to capture practically. During the first phase, the Generalized Flexibility Energy Quotient Difference Ratio (β) is calculated at different points on the plate using the elements' reduced modulus of elasticity. In the second phase, the β computed at all locations of the plate for various damaged elements are used as input, in ANN and the damage indices at the damaged locations are taken as output. These results clearly demonstrate the acceptability of the suggested approach, which finds use in averting structural failure. Finally, the damage is quantified by developing the relevant equations.
Efficacy and Recurrence Factors of MWA for Hepatic Malignant Tumors: Insights from a Clinical Study
Authors: Shi Jutian , Jiang Yutian , Li Jinpeng , Chen Hua , Cong Ning
Published: May 2024

Background
Hepatic malignant tumors present a significant global health challenge, often treated with percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA). Understanding the efficacy of MWA and factors influencing tumor recurrence is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Methods
This study analyzed 101 out of 249 patients with hepatic malignant tumors treated at the Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute. Disease-free and overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years post-MWA were assessed, and correlations between tumor recurrence and variables such as Child-Pugh B liver function classification and lesion count were investigated. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine independent risk factors for recurrence post-MWA treatment.
Results
The study revealed disease-free survival rates of 80.2%, 72.3%, and 70.3% at 1, 2, and 3 years post-MWA, with overall survival rates of 99%, 97%, and 96%. Significantly, notable associations were identified between tumor recurrence and Child-Pugh B classification, as well as the number of lesions. The meta-analysis further confirmed lesion count and Child-Pugh B classification as independent risk factors for recurrence following MWA.
Conclusion
Factors such as Child-Pugh B classification and lesion count play a critical role in predicting tumor recurrence post-MWA treatment in hepatic malignant tumors. These findings provide valuable insights for clinicians in decision-making and post-treatment monitoring strategies, ultimately contributing to enhanced patient care and outcomes.
Identification of platinum-resistance related small GTPase binding signatures to predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer by machine learning and integrated bioinformatic analyses
Authors: Zhong Ya-jun , Zhu Yi-lin , Wang Shi-qi , Wang Yuan-rong , Bu Lan-ying , Zhao Rui-heng , Zhou Ying , Kong Wei-yu , Zhou Hong
Published: May 2024

Background
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) had high lethality due to its high relapse rate and acquired drug resistance. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of HGSOC was heterogeneous, and mostly immune cold. We aimed to build the bridge between platinum-resistance related signatures and patient overall survival (OS).
Methods
The RNA sequencing data from GSE160626 was used for extraction of platinum-resistance related genes. The TCGA-OV cohort were fitted into 101 kinds of machine learning methods, and the validation cohort included GSE9899, GSE63885 and GSE26193. Numerous methods including the Cindex, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied to detect the performances of platinum-resistance related risk score (PRRS) and a PRRS based nomogram. The single-cell RNA sequencing data and Spatial Transcriptomics data were used to determine the risky cell types correlated with our PRRS.
Results
Based on platinum-resistance related genes, we conducted consensus clustering and defined a platinum-resistance resembling cluster, which had significantly shorter OS. And with DEGs related to small GTPase between two clusters, we established a PRRS and a PRRS based nomogram, which had excellent performances in predicting OS of serous ovarian cancer patients. We further determined SPP1 + M2-like Macrophages were risky factors correlated with the PRRS, and determined ABCA1 and NDRG1 as the hub genes related to patient OS.
Conclusion
Small GTPase was a dominant feature of platinum-resistance resembling clusters. PRRS had terrific predicting value and correlated with SPP1 + M2-like Macrophages.
Minocycline alleviates microglial ferroptosis by inhibiting HO-1 during cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Yao , Wu Mengyue , Jin Xing , Chen Yifei , Guo Zhenhuan , Meng Xiaowen , Zhang Jianyou , Ji Fuhai
Published: May 2024

Objective
Ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide. Cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) usually leads to severe secondary injury and complications following reperfusion therapy. Microglia play critical roles in the inflammatory reaction of CIRI. However, less attention has been given to microglial death in this process. Our study aimed to explore microglial death in CIRI and the effect and mechanism of minocycline treatment on microglia
Methods
A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was applied to induce CIRI in rats. At 0 h, 24 h and 48 h postoperation, 45 mg/kg minocycline was intraperitoneally injected into the rats. Neurological deficit scoring, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, activated microglia and mitochondrial structure were observed and checked at 72 h after reperfusion. Moreover, an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was established. BV-2 cells were treated with either various pharmacological inhibitors of cell death or minocycline. Cell viability, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial structure and functioning, and labile Fe2+ and ferroptosis-associated gene/proteins levels were measured. Hemin was used for further validation after transcriptome analysis.
Results
In the MCAO and OGD/R models, ferroptosis was identified as a major form of microglial death. Minocycline inhibited microglial ferroptosis by reducing HO-1 expression. In addition, minocycline improved mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial structures and microglial survival in vivo. Minocycline also decreased labile Fe2+ levels, lipid peroxidation, and ferritin heavy chain (FTH) expression and improved mitochondrial structure and functioning in vitro. HO-1 overexpression counteracted the protective effect of minocycline.
Conclusion
Ferroptosis is a major form of microglial death in CIRI. The mechanism of the protective role of minocycline in CIRI is partly dependent on its ability to effectively ameliorate microglial ferroptosis by reducing HO-1 expression. Therefore, targeting microglial ferroptosis is a promising treatment for CIRI.
Study on the anchorage mechanism and roof stability control technology of bolts in fractured or weak surrounding rock
Authors: Wang Jiyu , Zheng Xigui , Guo Xiaowei , Xin Wei , Wang Yonghui , Li Tao , Liu Longhe
Published: May 2024

The effect of bolt support in mining roadways with fractured or weak surrounding rock is poor, and the roof easily loses stability. Studying the support control technology of bolts on fractured surrounding rock is necessary. Based on the theories of pressure arches and combined arch support, the bolt anchorage and anchorage effect angle are proposed a model is established, and the optimal bolt anchorage is calculated. The influence of related factors on the bolt anchorage and the scope of bolt action are analysed via numerical simulation and experimental methods. The pretightening force of the bolts and the spacing between the rows of bolts are positively correlated and negatively correlated with the bolt anchorage, respectively. The compression zone conforms to the reinforced arch state when the bolt end is anchored. The experimental work shows that the maximum spacing a of the anchor rods and the length L of the anchor rods in the surrounding rock satisfy 4.28a < 2L < 5a. The support of fractured surrounding rock is discussed, and the concept of roof fall prevention and control with an increasing or constant pretightening force, high surface strength and reasonable support density as the core principles is proposed. A field test of the Youzhong Coal Mine shows that the corresponding support effect is good and that this work provides a new method for roof support of fractured surrounding rock.
LncRNA LINC00160 facilitates tumor progression via miR-629-3p/RAB13 axis in glioma
Authors: Jun Wu , Tian Da , Zhang Xuelei , Du Qinghua
Published: May 2024

Background: Glioma is a kind of malignant brain tumor with high mortality. LncRNA is involved in the regulation of glioma development. The relationship between lncRNA and glioma progression needs further study. Whether LINC00160 is involved in the progression of glioma remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of LINC00160 in glioma.
Methods: Tumor tissues were collected and human cell lines were purchased. RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent and analyzed through qRT-PCR. The survival rate was examined according to LINC00160 expression. siRNAs were used to knock down LINC00160 in tumor cells. miRDB and TargetScan were used to predict RNA interactions. RNA interaction was verified by luciferase reporter assay. Cell growth was evaluated using CCK8, colony formation, and transwell assay respectively. TCGA data was used to analyze RAB13 expression.
Results: The expression of LINC00160 was increased in glioma. High expression of LINC00160 was associated with poor prognosis. LINC00160 knockdown suppressed tumor proliferation, migration and invasion. LINC00160 sponges miR-629-3p to inhibit its binding to RAB13 mRNA, resulting in RAB13 upregulation. RAB13 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC00160 knockdown on proliferation, migration and invasion.
Conclusion:Our findings support that LINC00160 exerts oncogenic roles in glioma progression through miR-629-3p/RAB13 axis.
Sorting of mesoporous silica derivatives by random optical fields
Authors: Sadri Mohammad Hadi , Jamali Ramin , Khan Asif Jamal , Rehman Fozia , Moradi Ali-Reza
Published: May 2024

Mesoporous silica particles are promising candidates for drug delivery applications. In this paper, we first synthesize meso-porous silica MCM-41 and its derivative MCM-41GA with anchored glutaraldehyde bridges, and characterize them using a variety of techniques, including nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Then, we employ random optical fields to sort mesoporous silica particles. Random optical fields by containing local intensity gradients throughout a wide range of field of view provide an elegant, easy-to-implement, and low-cost variant of multiple optical tweezers, which is known as speckle tweezers (ST). ST, similar to multiple optical tweezers, for manipulation tasks, such as trapping, sorting, and guiding of collection of micro and sub-micro objects in several disciplines including statistical physics, chemistry, microfluidics and material science. We show that ST can restrict, sieve, and sort MCM-41 and MCM-41GA particles. The different interaction of mesoporous silica variations with the applied ST may be attributed to the pre-applied modification and the differences in the porosity structure and distribution. Therefore, the results provide insight into the textural and chemical characteristics of mesoporous materials, contributing to a deeper understanding of their potential applications.
TREM2 inhibits rTp47-induced inflammasome activation and pyroptosis via targeting NLRP3
Authors: Weng Wenjia , Chang Linlin , Li Zhen , Bai Ruojing , Li Juan , Zhang Ming , Huang Xiaojie , Gao Yanqing
Published: May 2024

Background: Microglia surface receptors, particularly TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2), play a crucial role as sensors for pathogen entry and can trigger robust immune responses. However, the specific role of TREM2 in regulating microglia's response to Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) and its underlying functional mechanisms remain unclear. We aim to investigate the role of TREM2 in the inflammation caused by recombinant T. pallidum membrane protein Tp47 infection in microglia and to elucidate the associated mechanisms.
Methods: The effect of rTp47 on TREM2 expression in HMO6 cells and its mechanism were evaluated using Flow cytometry, Western Blot, and Quantitative Real-Time PCR. The effect of TREM2 on the pyroptosis of HMO6 cells was evaluated by ELISA using generated CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout (KO) Cell Line. The interaction between TREM2 and NLRP3 on HMO6 pyroptosis was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. The levels of soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), inflammatory cytokines, and pyroptosis were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of 19 neurosyphilis and 13 non-neurosyphilis patients by ELISA.
Results: rTp47 promoted the expression of TREM2. The pyroptosis rate of HMO6 cells did not change with increasing rTp47 concentration, but TREM2 knockout (KO) augmented rTp47-induced NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Furthermore, we found TREM2 inhibits HMO6 cells pyroptosis by interacting with NLRP3. In addition, increased levels of CSF sTREM2 and IL-10 were observed in neurosyphilis patients compared to non-neurosyphilis patients, while TGF-β levels were significantly lower. Conclusion: rTP47 can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by up-regulating the expression of TREM2, so as to prevent the pyroptosis of HMO6 cells.