bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of psychological distress and quality of life of family caregivers caring for patients with chronic diseases at home
Authors: Stathopoulou Anastasia , Fragkiadakis Georgios F.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Caring for the chronically ill at home is a particularly demanding process that can place a great burden on the caregiver. International and Greek studies underline and confirm this problem. In addition, family caregivers are not supported by the health systems of the different countries, especially in Greece, where the system relies mainly on the family to care for these patients, which is even more challenging during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychological burden of family caregivers of the chronically ill and the outcomes of care for these individuals. It also aims to assess the intensity of burden and changes in quality of life of family caregivers by demographic characteristics.

Methods

The sample of the study was a random sample and consisted of 102 family caregivers of chronically ill patients registered in home care of “Metaxa” hospital. The scales (BAKAS/BCOS) and (HADS) were used for data collection. SPSS 25 statistical package was used for statistical analysis of the results.

Results

The results of the study, calculated with the BCOS scale, show a low burden (−0.93) of family caregivers, patients with chronic diseases and moderate depression and anxiety. The results of the analysis associate the intensity of family caregiver burden with increased levels of anxiety and depression. The factors that affect burden are gender, with women having higher burden, living with the patient, and low education level. According to the HADS anxiety scale, family caregivers had an average score of 11, indicating a moderate level of anxiety, and for depression, the average score was 10.4, also indicating a moderate level of depression. The results indicate that the state needs to support family caregivers and take immediate action to create structures and implement actions to help families continue in their difficult roles in a pain-free manner.
Le déclin du principe d’incontestabilité des choix organisationnels de l’employeur en Italie
Authors: Emiliani Simone Pietro
Published: May 2023

Il existe depuis longtemps une opinion majoritaire, parmi les juristes, italiens selon laquelle un juge ne dispose pas du pouvoir de contrôler la pertinence des choix organisationnels en vertu desquels l’employeur exerce ses prérogatives légales à l’égard des salariés. Toutefois, ces dernières années, certaines dispositions légales attribuant au juge, dans divers domaines, le pouvoir d’évaluer l’adéquation des choix organisationnels de l’employeur, semblent jeter les bases d’une remise en cause de la vision traditionnelle.
Evaluation of the acid-neutralizing and cytotoxicity properties of novel plant mucilage used as an alternative treatment for peptic ulcers and as antacids in Namibia
Authors: Shatri Albertina Mariina Ndinelao
Published: May 2023

Hypersecretion of gastric acid damages the stomach lining, causing the formation of peptic ulcers. Mucilage from medicinal plants offers a relaxing and soothing effect to the endodermal lining of the gut and has antacid properties, which can protect the mucosal lining from gastric acidity. This is the first report aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, acid-neutralizing, and cytotoxicity properties of traditionally used aqueous mucilage from Asparagus exuvialis and Sesamum capense. The physicochemical properties were determined by biochemical methods. Acid neutralizing and buffering capacities were determined by titration methods. Normal mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were used for cytotoxicity evaluation by MTT assay. The physicochemical characterization confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, proteins, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. Sesamum capense mucilage exhibited the most potent artificial gastric juice neutralizing capacity pH of 4.62±0.01, 8.0±0.00 acid neutralization capacity per gram of acid, and 30 minutes duration of acid neutralization. The aqueous mucilage from S. capense did not cause any significant cytotoxicity to 3T3 cell lines showing an IC50 value of 91.5 ± 0.06 μg mL-1, confirming the safe nature of the mucilage. These findings revealed that S. capense has the potential to neutralize gastric acid responsible for ulceration and can be safely consumed.
Classifying the physical activity indicator using machine learning and direct measurements: a feasibility study
Authors: Rivera Oswaldo , Avilés Oscar Fernando , Castillo-Castaneda Eduardo
Published: May 2023

Low levels of physical activity (PA) are related to an increased risk of death, hypertension, coronary disease, stroke, diabetes, and depression. Then, assessing the level of PA of a person is essential to create training programs that help prevent such risks. However, current measurements of PA are mainly subjective and tend to underestimate or overestimate the PA level of a person. This article intends the result of a pilot cross-sectional feasibility study that pretends to classify the PA level through direct and objective measurements. For this, direct measurements such as anthropometric and postural sway (PS) features from fifteen participants (8 Male and 7 Women) were obtained. To predict the level of PA machine learning technique of Support Vector Machines SVM was used. The classifier showed high F1, recall, and precision scores around 80%, and after feature importance selection and hyperparameter were tunned, they reached 100%. Results suggest that the use of direct measurements to classify the PA level is feasible and that there is a correlation between direct measurements and the IPAQ-SF, an indirect measurement that is typically used to assess the level of PA. This classifier intends to be a tool that helps trainers and physicians to endorse or adjust their physical training and rehabilitation procedures based on the objective evaluation of patients.
Citizens’ perception analysis of public transport and smart technologies in the Brazilian capitals during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Figueirôa-Ferreira Victor Garcia , Borchers Tatiane , Ribeiro Rochele Amorim , Fernandes Ricardo Augusto Souza
Published: May 2023

Amidst the consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the overall trip decrease and public transport modal share contraction pose a critical dilemma towards urban mobility. Through a questionnaire in Brazilian capitals, the present article considered (1) the citizens’ safety perception of urban mobility and public transport before and during the pandemic, (2) an estimated perception of the post-pandemic, (3) perception of safety regarding both traditional and smart measures, and (4) the concern about data use and privacy. Findings indicated an increase in private cars (41%) and ride-sourcing services (442%) use and a decrease in public transport modes during the pandemic, with an expectation of a post-pandemic modal split following the same pattern. According to respondents, most measures implemented resumes to traditional individual ones, without a systemic approach or smart initiatives. About the latter, a contrasting result was obtained, where there is a high safety perception if implemented with a low security perception over data use and privacy. In this sense, operators, public authorities, city planners and users must observe systemic sanitary measures, regulatory laws and transparency over data use and privacy, democratic and inclusive decision-making processes to address urban vulnerabilities and ensure safe public transport during and after the pandemic.
Quality Evaluation of 150 mm 4H-SiC Grown at over 1.5 mm/h by High-Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition Method
Authors: Okamoto Takeshi , Uehigashi Hideyuki , Kanda Takahiro , Ohya Nobuyuki , Horiai Akiyoshi , Sakakibara Soma , Kanemura Takashi , Betsuyaku Kiyoshi , Hoshino Norihiro , Kamata Isaho , Tsuchida Hidekazu
Published: May 2023

To reduce manufacturing costs, high-quality 150 mm 4H-SiC wafers were grown at over 1.5 mm/h by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition. The dislocations in the initial growth stage did not increase compared with those in the seed crystal. The dislocation densities decreased during crystal growth, and the densities of threading dislocations and basal plane dislocations at the growth thickness of 7.1 mm were 1186 and 211 /cm2, respectively. The resolved shear stress, which is the cause of the increase in dislocations during growth, was calculated based on thermal fluid simulations; the shear stress of the grown crystal with a flat surface was small compared with that of the convex-shaped crystal. The dislocations did not increase likely because the crystals grown at high speeds were relatively flat. In addition, the decrease in dislocations was attributed to the frequent annihilation of dislocations due to the growth at a high temperature (2490 °C).
Fabrication of PS/Al Nanocomposites as Foils and Evaluation of their Optical Properties
Authors: Naser Hameed , Mohammad Sabah M. , Mohammed Shanshool Haider , Hassan Zainuriah , Al-Hazeem Nabeel Z.
Published: May 2023

In this work, polystyrene/aluminium (PS/Al) nanocomposites were fabricated based on the various concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 mg) of Al nanoparticles using the casting method. The resulting polymer/metal nanocomposites have good optical properties. The optical features such as transmittance and absorbance of the as-fabricated nanocomposites were investigated using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The effect of constriction of Al nanoparticles was noticed clearly on the transmittance and absorbance of PS/Al nanocomposites. The samples showed high absorption in the UVB range. Photoluminescence spectra (PL) revealed the UVB region of emission peak with the increasing concentration of Al NPs.
Green Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Utilizing Pomegranate Peel Extract for Grey Water Treatment
Authors: Ahmed Hussein M. , Sobhy Neama Ahmed , Ibrahem Wageh A. , Fawzy Mariam E.
Published: May 2023

The Aim of this Study is the Green Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPS) Using Pomegranate Peel Extract Utilized from Fruit Waste. Zno Nps were Characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrum and UV–Vis Spectrophotometry. Also, Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Prepared Zno Nps Using the Jar Test Procedure was Employed after the Determination of the Optimum Dose of Zno Nps for the Removal of Pollutants from the Grey Water. Different Doses of Zno Nanoparticles (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g/L) were Examined. the Results Obtained Confirmed that Zno Nps are Large Particles in Size Ranging from 54.2 to 86.4 Nm, Exist in a Pure and Crystalline Phase. the Results Obtained Showed that the Efficiency of Zno Nps for Pollutant Removal from Grey Water was Increased with the Increase of the Adsorbent Dose. the Best Removal Efficiency of Zno Nps was Obtained at a Dose of 400 Mg/L. the Removal Efficiency of Zno NPS was 98.16 %, 88.68%, 100%, 94.40%, 97.88%, 91.18%, 89.13%, 90.93%, and 90.37% for Ammonia (NH3+), Phosphorous (PO43-), Nitrate (NO3-), Oil & Grease, Total Nitrogen (TN), Turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Removal, Respectively. the Cost Required for the Production of 100 g of Zno Nps was Calculated and Estimated to Be 42.37 Egyptian Pounds. in Conclusion Zno Nps Synthesized from Pomegranate Waste is a Sustainable, Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Approach with Potent Efficiency for Pollutants Removal from Grey Water.
Deep Level Reduction in 4H-SiC Treated by Plasma Immersion
Authors: Alfieri Giovanni , Knoll Lars
Published: May 2023

The carbon vacancy (VC) is a lifetime-killer defect that hinders the correct functionality of 4H-SiC bipolar devices. Until now, different methods based on carbon interstitial injection, have been proposed, in order to reduce its concentration. However, if on one hand these methods effectively reduce the VC concentration in the epilayer, on the other they cannot prevent the re-generation of VC occurring during the manufacture of a p-i-n diode, e.g., p+ implantation and activation. In the following contribution, we employ PIII of B for the formation of the anode for a p-i-n diode. We show that by PIII, it is possible to simultaneously form a p+n junction with a low concentration of VC in the drift layer.
Roughness Test of Aluminum A5052 before and after Forming by SPIF Process
Authors: Bhandari Krishna Singh , Aziz Shahid , Chen Wen Ning , Li Si Jia , Jung Dong Won
Published: May 2023

Single point incremental forming process, which is also known as SPIF, that forms from one direction. SPIF process was used for milling an aluminum metallic sheet. In this paper, an aluminum (A5052) sheet was formed in a conical shape by the SPIF process. The A5052 sheet was deformed by the computer numerical control (CNC) technology in the T60 series milling machine. The conical shape was deformed by the spiral toolpath in the T60 series milling machine. At the surface of the A5052, lubricant grease was continuously applied manually for reducing the friction generated due to milling. Also, for decreasing the tool rotational force friction on the A5052 sheet there was the use of lubricant. Moreover, 0.1mm step-down is used for the tool path because it takes more time for forming a metallic sheet, however, it deformed the sheet smoothly. The 0.5mm step-down g-code was extracted from fusion 360. Then the metallic sheet A5052 surface was compared before and after deformation. For testing a metallic sheet A5052 the formability parameter was analyzed in the experiment part. The experiment was performed to find the optimal smooth surface from the CNC milling machine. The initial roughness value and the microscopic image were presented in the investigational part. Likewise, the comparison of points for the highest and lowest rough point was further discussed and compared throughout the experiment.
Brush Plating of Ag-Bi Coatings from a Cyanide-Free Solution
Authors: Du Bao Shuai , Zhang Zhong Wen , Suo Shuai , Li Xin Mei
Published: May 2023

Ag-Bi coatings were synthesized on copper substrate using brush plating with a cyanide-free electroplating solution for electrical contact applications. Phase constituents, surface morphology, and microhardness of the deposited coatings were characterized. It is found that grain refinement into the nanosized range can be observed for the Ag-Bi coatings with dense and compact microstructure. The electroplated Ag-Bi alloy displayed an apparent hardness increase compared with the pure silver coating. Ag-Bi alloy coatings show promise in the field of electrical contact components used in the electrical power industry.
The geographic environment and the frequency of falling: a study of mortality outcomes in elderly people in China
Authors: Huang Yi , Li Chen , Lu Xianjing , Wang Yue
Published: May 2023

Falling has become the first and second cause of death due to injury among urban and rural residents in China. This mortality is considerably higher in the southern part of the country than in the North. We collected the rate of mortality due to falling for 2013 and 2017 by province, age structure and population density, taking topography, precipitation and temperature into account. 2013 was used as the first year of the study since this year marks the expansion of the mortality surveillance system from 161 counties to 605 counties making available data more representative. A geographically weighted regression was used to evaluate the relationship between mortality and the geographic risk factors. High levels of precipitation, steep topography and uneven land surfaces as well as a higher quantile of the population aged above 80 years in southern China are believed to have led to the significantly higher number of falling compared with that in the North. Indeed, when evaluated by geographically weighted regression, the factors mentioned found a difference between the South and the North with regard to falling of 81% and 76% for the years 2013 and 2017, respectively. Interaction effects were observed between geographic risk factors and falling that, apart from the age factor, could be explained by topographic and climatic differences. The roads in the South are more difficult to negotiate on foot, particularly when it rains, which increases the probability of falling. In summary, the higher mortality due to falling in southern China emphasizes the need to apply more adaptive and effective measures in rainy and mountainous region to reduce this kind of risk.
Maggot therapy could provide affordable and efficacious wound care in Lebanon and other low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Shayya Salman , Stadler Frank
Published: May 2023

The poor economic situation, ongoing political instability, and the 2020 Beirut explosion have seriously eroded the capacity of the Lebanese healthcare system. Insecure fuel supplies and the rationing of electricity to a few hours per day make matters worse. New strategies are required to deliver healthcare that is more resilient in the face of ongoing disruption. Maggot therapy for the treatment of chronic and infected wounds could make a meaningful difference in Lebanon. When placed in a wound, medicinal maggots remove dead tissue, control infection and stimulate wound healing. It is an inexpensive, easy to use, and highly efficacious therapy, even under austere conditions. This review provides an introduction to maggot therapy and briefly explains its therapeutic benefits before discussing the role it can play in the Lebanese healthcare system. Finally, the prerequisites and enablers for successful integration of maggot therapy into the Lebanese healthcare system are outlined.
Effects of fermented and non-fermented garlic as an anti-diabetic on blood glucose levels of wistar rat
Authors: Adi Annis C. , Susanti Yeni , Rachmawati Heni , Ishaura Emyr R. , Farapti Farapti , Salisa Wizara , Rasyidi Mohammad F. , Sutthiwong Nuthathai
Published: May 2023

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum Liin) is a root vegetable crop that is widely grown in different countries in the world. Garlic has chemical contents that are useful to health, like phytochemicals that are anti-diabetics, including flavonoids and saponins. Flavonoids and saponins have the function of deferring the absorption of carbohydrates so that glucose levels within the blood diminish. Objective: This research aims to compare the effect of fermented garlic (FG) and non-fermented garlic (NFG) on insulin levels. Materials and Methods: This study is an experimental laboratory in a completely randomized design. The study was completed in the Biochemistry Laboratory of Universitas Airlangga. The sample population in this study was 25 white male Wistar rats. The dosage of FG and NFG used in this study is 75mg/kg BW. Data analysis used the Tukey HSD test with a 95% confidence level. The average comparison test for each group was carried out using the significant (P0.05) manova test.Results: The results of this research indicate that the FG and NFG extract at a dose of 75 mg/kg BW can effectively decrease blood glucose levels, reduce malondialdehyde, and do not increase insulin levels. Conclusions: All in all, garlic has antioxidant and antidiabetic properties and can decrease blood glucose levels in Wistar rats.
Factors influencing hospital preparedness and resilience for emerging infectious diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Susanti Yuli , Handoyo Seger , Ernawaty Ernawaty , Hendriani Wiwin
Published: May 2023

Hospitals have crucial roles during an outbreak of emerging infectious diseases. They are expected to manage the surge of patients while continuing essential health services. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence hospital disaster preparedness and resilience in facing emerging infectious disease threats. A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. International electronic databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and SAGE, were investigated for the research studies that were published between 2001 and 2022 in English-language. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined to extract factors or indicators influencing hospital disaster preparedness and resilience encounter emerging infectious diseases. For the initial 672 articles, we identified 16 articles that specifically addressed the aims of this review and formed the basis of the intended analysis. Seven factors influence hospital preparedness, with human resources and crisis management being the most important. The hospital’s resilience has 18 factors that are classified according to the disaster phase. Hospital resilience is concerned with all phases of a disaster (mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery), not just operational management during a disaster (as is preparedness).
Understanding students' continued use of electronic medical records in hospital: task technology to performance chain approach
Authors: Nisak Umi K. , Notobroto Hari B. , Hargono Arief , Cholifah Cholifah , Aditiawardana Aditiawardana
Published: May 2023

One of the main goals of research on information systems is to help end users and organizations use information technology effectively. Fieldwork practice trains students to apply their knowledge and work skills based on the standards of the health ministry in electronic medical record regulations. This activity also prepares students to live in their health information management profession. This study examined the willingness and ability to use electronic medical records in hospitals to determine how well students understand electronic medical records and what influences their use. This study was conducted at a hospital in Mojokerto, East Java, where students practice fieldwork. An institutional-based crosssectional study was conducted to assess the acceptability of the EMR system among students at Mojokerto Hospital from July 1-31st, 2022. The sampling method used simple random sampling of 136. A structured questionnaire was adopted from the previous studies. The questionnaire consists of 16 questions from the TTF, the expected consequences of use (COU), Facilitating Condition (FC), utilization (UI), and Performance Impact (PI) constructs. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS version 3.0. The result is that Task-technology fit is associated with the expected consequences of use (P=0.00), Consequences of Use (COU) are associated with Utilization (P=0.000), and the Facilitating condition is related to Utilization (P=0.00). We can conclude that task technology fit is indirectly associated with Utilization because of the Consequences of Use (COU). Task-technology fit, and Utilization does not affect the performance impact. This study can continue by testing the construct variables by the students on the field trips and by healthcare providers such as nurses and doctors.
Integration of climate, transmission, and spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever in endemic areas
Authors: Dimjati Lusno Muhammad F. , Yudhastuti Ririh , Haksama Setya , Dwirahmadi Febi , Prayoga Diansanto , Farid Abdul F. , H. Farid M. R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a public health problem even in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of DHF based on the integration of climatic factors, including rainfall, humidity, air temperature, and duration of sunlight and their distribution. Materials and Methods: This was an ecological time series study with secondary data from the Surabaya City Health Office covering the incidence of DHF and larva-free rate and climate data on rainfall, humidity, air temperature, and duration of sunlight obtained from the Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). Silver station in Surabaya, the distribution of dengue incidence during 2018-2020.Results and Discussion: The results showed that humidity was correlated with the larvae-free rate. Meanwhile, the larva-free rate did not correlate with the number of DHF cases. DHF control is estimated due to the correlation of climatic factors and the incidence of DHF, control of vectors and disease agents, control of transmission media, and exposure to the community.Conclusions: The integration of DHF control can be used for early precautions in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic by controlling DHF early in the period from January to June in Surabaya. It is concluded that humidity can affect the dengue outbreak and it can be used as an early warning system and travel warning regarding the relative risk of DHF outbreak.
Urine analysis and nutrition status among elderly in Griya Werdha, Surabaya
Authors: Mahmudiono Trias , Zebadia Eurika , Setyawati Utari G. , Sahila Nur , Nathania Devina A. , Febrianti Kamila D. , Ramadhan Sasha A. , Yusryana Eka A. , Indriani Diah , Widiatmoko Dono , Chen Hsiu L.
Published: May 2023

Background: Aging is a natural process in the body that everyone will experience as they get older. However, aging is not the same in each individual due to several differences such as diet, lifestyle, genetics, and overall health. Therefore, the Surabaya city government is trying to help elderly people who do not have any caregivers by scouting and gathering them at Griya Werdha.Objective: This study aimed to provide a feeding program for the elderly and determine the risk of kidney failure experienced by the elderly living in Griya Werdha.Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study with 44 elderlies as the samples. The data collected included elderlies’ blood pressure, weight, height, and urine. Moreover, the elderly were also interviewed on food waste, exercise habits, and sleeping habits using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression and the chi-square test to find the association between the variables.Results: The results showed a significant association was found between education and blood in the urine (p=0.036) and the association was not found between education and nutritional status (P=0.392) also systole blood pressure (P=0.373). Association also was not found between glucose in urine (P=0.522), positive leukocyte (0.184), positive blood in the urine (P=0.671), and the risk of CKD.Conclusions: In conclusion, the elderly with low education can be at risk for certain diseases.
Blood glucose and systolic blood pressure as predictors of hospital length of stay in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Haryuni Sri , Wahyuni Chatarina U. , Basuki Hari , Qomaruddin Mochammad B. , Maulina Rifzul , Nurseskasatmata Satria E. , Alimansur Moh , Sutriningsih Ani
Published: May 2023

According to WHO, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death. Blood glucose and systolic blood pressure were essential indicators for an effective prognosis. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between blood glucose levels and systolic blood pressure on the length of stay of CHD patients at Nganjuk Hospital in 2021. This study uses a quantitative approach with a retrospective survey method. The research has been carried out in the emergency department and intensive care unit room at Nganjuk Hospital by taking medical record data. The population of this study was all coronary heart disease patients from Juli until December 2021. The sample size was 164 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique. The independent variables were systolic blood pressure (X1) and blood glucose levels (X2), while the dependent variable was the length of stay (LOS) in CHD patients (Y). Data analysis using multiple linear regression. The multivariate analysis results with linear regression showed a relationship between blood glucose levels (P value: 0.00) and systolic blood pressure (P value: 0.00) with the length of stay of CHD patients at Nganjuk Hospital in 2021. High blood glucose requires more intensive treatment to monitor and normalize blood glucose again and higher systolic blood pressure is associated with a shorter stay in the hospital. Patients with CHD can use blood glucose level and systolic blood pressure as a predictor of LOS.
The significance of educational level in acquiring good literacy of COVID-19: a case study in Indonesia
Authors: Martini Santi , Artanti Kurnia D. , Widati Sri , Melyana Melyana , Rahman Firman S. , Li Chung-Yi
Published: May 2023

Background: Surveys on Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (PKAP) have been conducted in various countries with respondents from the public as well as health workers. Measuring the knowledge of the public about COVID-19 is very important to determine the knowledge gap among the public and also as an evaluation of the preventive efforts for COVID-19.Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine whether education level is a factor that affects one’s literacy about COVID-19.Materials and Methods: This is cross-sectional research with online-based data collection using the Kobo toolbox application. The data collection was carried out from the 19th of April until the 2nd of May 2020. The number of people under study is 792. The level of knowledge was measured using 12 research questions with true or false question types. the multivariable logistic regression was carried out.Results: Most of the respondents (52.5%) were in the young age group (15-35 years old), were male (57.3%), and had a bachelor or diploma education level (62.1%). Furthermore, most of the respondents had good knowledge (65.4%). The higher the respondents’ educational level means, the better knowledge they had concerning COVID-19 (P=0.013).Conclusions: Public knowledge about COVID-19 is affected by their level of education. A good level of knowledge about COVID-19 was found among respondents with master’s and doctoral degrees. This finding can contribute to the prevention of COVID-19, in which the priority of educating communities about COVID-19 should be given to those having an educational level below a master’s degree.
Socio-cultural, personal, and environmental relationship with smoking behavior of students in senior high school at Plimbang Aceh
Authors: Muzaffar Muzaffar , Salim Lutfi A. , Kartika Kartika , Iriyanti Maulina , Idawati Idawati , Zulfikar Zulfikar , Yusran Mawadhah , Arianti Ely , Alamsyah Sanjaya
Published: May 2023

Background: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey is an official agency that systematically monitors adult tobacco use and tracks key tobacco contro indicators. This survey collects data on people aged 15 years and over. The purpose of this study was to analyze the socio-cultural, personality, and environmental relatiionship with smoking behavior. Methods: This research uses a cross-sectional method. The population is all students of classes X and XI at Public Senior High School 1 Peulimbang as many as 125 people and the entire population is used as a sample. Data analysis consisted of univariate, multivariate, and bivariate analysis using chi-square bivariate test and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression at = 0.05. Results: The results variable bivariate associated with smoking is a social-cultural behavior with P0.001; RP=7,819; CI 95%=4,358-14,028, personalized with P0.001; RP= 57,759; CI 95%=8,234-405,158, environment with P0.001; RP=5,750; CI 95%=3,069-10,772. Conclusion: The most dominant variables associated with smoking behavior Public Senior High School 1 Peulimbang was statistically significant, (personal approach 0,05). The prevalence of smoking behavior with personal is RP = 42,630; CI 95%=5,376-338,064; P=0,000.
A surveillance analysis of case findings in the prevention and control of pneumonia in children under five years old: a literature review
Authors: Fortina Rini , U.W. Chatarina , Syamsul Suyuti , S.S. Cresti , Riyanti Riyanti
Published: May 2023

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children under 5 years of age. Although overall deaths from pneumonia have decreased substantially by 56%, since 1990 pneumonia contributes to about 740,000 deaths, per year. In Indonesia, in 2021, 444 children under five (CFR 0.16%) died due to pneumonia, in 2020, 498 children under five (CFR 0.16%), and in 2019, 551 children under five (CFR 0.12%). Increasing the scope of finding pneumonia in children under five is one of the efforts done in Indonesia to control pneumonia. The Influenza Like Illness and Severity Acute Respiratory System (ILI-SARI) surveillance is sentinel surveillance that is used to catch cases of pneumonia under five in outpatient and inpatient health facilities. Objective: This literature review aims to describe the implementation of ILI-SARI surveillance increasing the detection of pneumonia in children under five. Methods: The method used is to search the database through Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Research Gate. The key words used in this database search were ILI-SARI surveillance, Pneumonia under five. Results:  There are 8 articles obtained and 5 articles analyzed through the suitability of the topic, objectives, methods used, sample size, and results from each article. Conclusion: Care-seeking activities are suggested to be an integral part of this method of preventing and controlling under-five pneumonia.
Comparison of oral candidiasis characteristics in head-and-neck cancer patients before and during radiotherapy
Authors: Golestannejad Zahra , Khozeimeh Faezeh , Najafizade Nadia , Tabesh Adel , Faghihian Elham , Maheronnaghsh Mehrnoush , Kheirkhah Mahnaz , Hosseini Sayed M , Sadeghalbanaei Leila , Jamshidi Mina , Chermahini Ahmad A , Saberi Zahra , Pakravan Fahimeh , Dehghan Parvin , Emamibafrani Maryam , Amini Nima , Tadayon Faezeh
Published: May 2023

Background:

Patients undergoing head-and-neck radiotherapy are susceptible to Candida colonization and infection. This study aimed to identify oral Candida species type (ST), colony count (CC), and oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in head-and-neck cancer patients, undergoing radiotherapy, before and 2 weeks after radiation.

Materials and Methods:

In this quasi-experimental study, head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (up to 6000 cGy) were recruited. Samples were taken before and 2 weeks after radiation therapy (RT). CC was assigned using Sabouraud dextrose agar culture medium and morphological studies were performed to confirm OPC. For identification, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed. Data were analyzed using Chi-square-test and kappa coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Twenty-one of 33 patients were Candida positive. The detected fungal species included Candida albicans (60%), Candida tropicalis (22%), Candida glabrata (9%), and other species (9%). Following RT, OPC and CC changed significantly (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively), whereas ST did not significantly change (P = 0.081). Two new species (Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis) were detected after the intervention. The OPC, CC, and ST changes after RT were not significantly related to malignancy site or radiation dose (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The present study showed that OPC, CC, and ST were not related to the malignancy site. Following RT, OPC and CC changed significantly, while ST showed no significant change. The radiation dose and malignancy site had no effects on the OPC, CC, or ST alterations following RT.
Antibiotic Challenges and Review of Appropriate Uses in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gupta Lalit , Saxena Kirti N. , Goyal Ruchi
Published: May 2023

Antibiotic use in the intensive care unit (ICU) presents unique challenges due to the high acuity and complexity of critically ill patients. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can contribute to the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, while underuse can lead to poor outcomes. Antimicrobial stewardship programs can assist in optimizing antibiotic use in the ICU, but implementation can be challenging. One approach to improving appropriate antibiotic use in the ICU is through prolonged infusions, which can be beneficial in populations with altered pharmacokinetics. Other strategies include de-escalation and targeted therapy based on culture results. This review highlights the current literature on antibiotic use in the ICU, including the challenges and opportunities for effective antimicrobial stewardship. Key considerations for appropriate use of antibiotics in the ICU include patient factors, pathogen susceptibility, and local resistance patterns. Ongoing efforts are needed to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in the ICU, with the goal of achieving optimal patient outcomes while minimizing the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Anesthetic Concerns during Rigid Bronchoscopy for the Management of a Friable Vegetative Foreign Body in an Infant
Authors: Gaur Diksha , Chilkoti Geetanjali T. , Ahmad Zainab , Dua Steffi , Gaur Nikhil , Kanwar Nandita , Saxena Ashok Kumar
Published: May 2023

Tracheobronchial foreign-body (FB) aspiration is a commonly encountered entity in the pediatric population. FB aspiration (FBA) is an emergency condition requiring early recognition and management, and the primary treatment is the surgical removal of FB under anesthesia. Herein, we report a unique case of an infant developing prolonged severe respiratory distress due to obstruction following a vegetative FBA and shall also discuss the related anesthetic concerns.
Spinal Anesthesia for a Neonate with Complex Congenital Heart Disease for Lower Limb Surgery
Authors: Rajan Sunil , Sasikumar Niranjan Kumar , Thomas Dimple Elina , Paul Jerry , Kumar Lakshmi
Published: May 2023

A neonate with complex congenital heart disease was referred for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting, who had an ulceration of the dorsum of the foot secondary to extravasation injury. Echo showed situs solitus, levocardia, atrioventricular concordance, double-outlet right ventricle, large inlet with conoventricular ventricular septal defect, bidirectional shunt, D-posed aorta, pulmonary atresia, confluent good-sized branch pulmonary arteries, left arch, no coarctation, and tortuous PDA arising from the base of arch supplying the branch pulmonary artery confluence. Three days later, PDA stenting was done. As limb ulceration progressed to cellulitis, he was posted for debridement and VAC application 6 days after PDA stenting. It was performed under subarachnoid block with 0.5% bupivacaine heavy 0.6 ml through L4-L5 interspace using a 24G needle. Intraoperatively, saturation and hemodynamic variables remained stable. Skin grafting was performed 3 days later under spinal anesthesia with an unremarkable intraoperative and postoperative period.
Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthetic Mixture in Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Garg Sahil , Kaur Hersimran , Kaur Mandeep , Garg Manvi
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Peripheral neural blockade is now a well-accepted component of comprehensive anesthetic care. Many adjuvants such as dexmedetomidine, clonidine, opioids, ketamine, and midazolam and corticosteroids have been used; however, still the search for ideal adjuvant is in process. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether addition of 8 mg dexamethasone to local anesthetic solution for brachial plexus block would prolong the period of postoperative analgesia.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial. Forty patients between the age of 20 and 65 years, of either sex of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I-III, who were undergoing upper limb surgery, were selected to study the quality of brachial plexus block and duration of postoperative analgesia produced by addition of dexamethasone to local anesthetic solution versus plain local anesthetic solution in the infraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Results:

Demographic parameters such as age, weight, height, and body mass index were comparable between two groups with P > 0.05. We also observed that onset of sensory and motor block was earlier in Group I, and duration of motor and sensory block was more in Group I. There was a less requirement of postoperative analgesics. Furthermore, the incidence of postoperative complications was less in Group I compared to Group II.

Conclusion:

We conclude that addition of dexamethasone to local anesthetic solution for brachial plexus block sets the sensory block early, increases the duration of sensory block without any side effect, provides improved patient comfort, effective pain relief, and decreases the requirement of postoperative supplementary analgesic.
Comparison of Intubating Conditions and Complications of Nasotracheal Intubation Using Macintosh Laryngoscope with or Without Bougie
Authors: Singh Ritu , Ramdev Babita , Garg Sahil , Kaur Hersimran
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim:

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of nasotracheal intubation (NTI) using a Macintosh laryngoscope with bougie to a Macintosh laryngoscope without bougie on-time of intubation, the incidence of postintubation bleeding, hemodynamic stress response, and postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods:

The present randomized blind research was carried out on 120 patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia. The study population was separated into two groups, each with 60 patients. NTI was performed with bougie using a Macintosh laryngoscope in Group 1 (n = 60) and without the use of a bougie in Group 2 (n = 60) using a Macintosh laryngoscope.

Results:

In Group 1, 47 (78.33%) patients were successfully intubated in the first attempt, and 13 (21.67%) patients were successfully intubated in the second attempt, whereas in Group 2, 38 (63.33%) patients were intubated in the first attempt and 22 (36.67%) patients required second attempt, with a statistically significant difference. In Group 1, the mean time required for intubation was 31.10 ± 2.36 s, and in Group 2, it took 43.08 ± 2.17 s, P value was statistically significant. In Group 1, the number of patients with a sore throat was 5 (8.33%), with dental injury was 4 (6.67%), and with nasal mucosa laceration was 3 (5%). In Group 2, the number of patients with sore throat was 6 (10%), with dental injury was 6 (10%), and with nasal mucosa, laceration were 5 (8.33%). The difference was not significant in both the groups. Hemodynamic variables were comparable among the groups.

Conclusion:

Bougie-guided NTI resulted in more successful intubation in terms of less number of attempts, less time taken for intubation, and less postintubation bleeding as compared to NTI without bougie.
Ultralow-Dose Spinal Anesthesia in a Short Stature Emergency Cesarean Section
Authors: Nigam Chanchal , Gulabani Michell , Tyagi Asha , Choudhary Meghna
Published: May 2023

Anesthesia for parturients with short stature is envoked with unique challenges for the anesthesiologist. Difficulties with airway management, owing to the anatomical and physiological changes in pregnancy, risk of acid aspiration, and difficult regional anesthesia with the possible risk of failure/suboptimal effect, are well-documented. We describe the anesthetic management of a 20-year-old parturient of short stature with a height of 110.5 cm undergoing emergency cesarean section. A single-shot subarachnoid block with 4 mg intrathecal bupivacaine and adjuvant fentanyl 10 μg proved straightforward and reliable with no requirement of vasopressors.
Enhancing Single-Image Super-Resolution using Patch-Mosaic Data Augmentation on Lightweight Bimodal Network
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Toan , Quang Hieu Tang
Published: May 2023

With the advancement of deep learning, single-image super-resolution (SISR) has made significant strides. However, most current SISR methods are challenging to employ in real-world applications because they are doubtlessly employed by substantial computational and memory costs caused by complex operations. Furthermore, an efficient dataset is a key factor for bettering model training. The hybrid models of CNN and Vision Transformer can be more efficient in the SISR task. Nevertheless, they require substantial or extremely high-quality datasets for training that could be unavailable from time to time. To tackle these issues, a solution combined by applying a Lightweight Bimodal Network (LBNet) and Patch-Mosaic data augmentation method which is the enhancement of CutMix and YOCO is proposed in this research. With patch-oriented Mosaic data augmentation, an efficient Symmetric CNN is utilized for local feature extraction and coarse image restoration. Plus, a Recursive Transformer aids in fully grasping the long-term dependence of images, enabling the global information to be fully used to refine texture details. Extensive experiments have shown that LBNet with the proposed data augmentation with zero-free additional parameters method outperforms the original LBNet and other state-of-the-art techniques in which image-level data augmentation is applied.
Brazing, Silver, for Small Pressurized Fittings
Authors:   AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers requirements for producing brazed joints in parts fabricated from corrosion- and heat-resistant steels, carbon or low-alloy steels, or copper alloys, and the properties of such joints.
Impacts de la qualité des ressources en eau sur la biodiversité de l’écosystème aquatique du lac de Technopole et sur les produits agricoles dans cette zone humide de Pikine (Dakar, Sénégal)
Authors: Gueye Mouhamadou Thierno , Bop Dame , Sorlini Sabrina , Ndoye Aissatou , Gueye Omar
Published: May 2023

L’objectif général de ce travail était l’évaluation de la qualité des ressources en eau dans cette zone humide du Technopole de Pikine afin d’étudier les risques de dégradation de la biodiversité de l’écosystème aquatique et des produits agricoles. Ainsi, vingt-sept (27) prélèvements de ces différentes ressources en eau ont été analysés. L’étude montre la salinité du lac élevée (21g/L), provoquerait la mort de certaines espèces aquatiques, animales et végétales. En plus, les concentrations excessives des MES (85,9 mg/L), de la DCO (1789 mg/L) et de l’azote total (67,6 mg/L) diminuent l’oxygène dissous ce qui a provoqué l’absence de poissons et d’autres animaux aquatiques dans les zones du lac proche de la station d’épuration du Technopole. En ce qui concerne les eaux usées traitées et utilisées pour l’irrigation, les teneurs des MES, de la DCO et de l’azote total sont en moyenne 25 fois, 8 et 9 fois plus élevées que leur valeur limite respectivement sans compter la charge microbienne excessive (1 006 650 U/100mL). Par conséquent, une dégradation de la biodiversité et une baisse des rendements agricoles ont été constatées d’où la nécessité d’explorer la phytoépuration de ces ressources en eau dans cette zone du Technopole.

English title: Quality impact of water resources on the lake's aquatic ecosystem biodiversity of Technopole and on agricultural products in this Pikine wetlandThe general objective of this work was to assess the quality of water resources in this wetland of the Pikine Technopole in order to study the risks of degradation of the biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystem and the agricultural products. Thus, twenty-seven (27) samples from these different water resources were analyzed. The study shows the high salinity of the lake (21g/L), would cause the death of certain aquatic, animal and plant species. In addition, excessive concentrations of suspended solids (85.9 mg/L), COD (1789 mg/L) and total nitrogen (67.6 mg/L) decrease dissolved oxygen, which caused the Absence of fish and other aquatic animals in the areas of the lake near the Technopole wastewater treatment plant. With regard to wastewater treated and used for irrigation, the contents of suspended solids, COD and total nitrogen are on average 25 times, 8 and 9 times higher than their limit value respectively without taking into account the load excessive microbial (1,006,650 U/100mL). Consequently, a degradation of biodiversity and a drop in agricultural yields have been observed, hence the need to explore the phytopurification of these water resources in this area of the Technopole.