bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professionalism and the Audiology Student: Characteristics of Master's versus Doctoral Degree Students
Authors: Doyle Lucas W. , Freeman Barry A.
Published: August 2020

Only scarce documentation is available concerning the professional characteristics of students within audiology training programs. In the current study, audiology students were asked to complete a questionnaire that explored some of the major issues of student professionalism. Equal numbers of questionnaires were sent to both Doctor of Audiology (AuD) and master's degree programs to determine the characteristics of students being attracted to and trained within two different courses of study. Audiology students as a whole ranked low in most aspects of professionalism when compared with other students in health care. Similarities were observed between the two student groups for the majority of questions. Statistically significant differences were calculated with regard to future employment, income, and autonomy. Master's students more commonly wished to become employees rather than employers. Significantly higher numbers of master's than AuD students expect audiology to provide them with a secondary source of income. Finally, more master's than AuD students report doubt concerning the future autonomy of audiology.
Effects of Training on Timbre Recognition and Appraisal by Postlingually Deafened Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Gfeller Kate , Witt Shelley , Adamek Mary , Mehr Maureen , Rogers Jenny , Stordahl Julie , Ringgenberg Shelly
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of structured training on recognition and appraisal of the timbre (tone quality) of musical instruments by postlingually deafened cochlear implant recipients. Twenty-four implant users (Nucleus C124M) were randomly assigned to a control or a training group. The control group experienced only incidental exposure to music in their usual daily routine. The training group participated in 12 weeks of training delivered via a laptop computer in which they were introduced to excerpts of musical instruments representing three frequency ranges and four instrumental families. Those implant recipients assigned to the training group showed significant improvement in timbre recognition (p < .0001) and timbre appraisal (p < .02) compared to the control group. Correlations between timbre measures and speech perception measures are discussed.
Effects of Stimulus Rate and Gender on the Auditory Middle Latency Response
Authors: Tucker Denise A. , Dietrich Susan , Harris Stacy , Pelletier Sarah
Published: August 2020

The effects of stimulus rate and gender on the auditory middle latency response (AMLR) waveforms were examined in 20 young adult male and female subjects. Four different repetition rates were presented to subjects (1.1/sec, 4.1/sec, 7.7/sec, and 11.3/sec). Stimulus repetition rate had a significant effect on Pa latency, Pa amplitude, and Pb amplitude. Pa and Pb amplitudes decreased with increasing the stimulus rate, and Pa latency significantly increased with increasing the stimulus rate. No significant differences were seen on Pb latency or site of recording. Gender had a significant effect on Pa latency and Pa amplitude. Pa latencies were longer in male subjects, and Pa amplitudes were larger in female subjects. Gender did not have a significant effect on the Pb waveform.
The Auditory Steady-State Response: Comparisons with the Auditory Brainstem Response
Authors: Cone-Wesson Barbara , Dowell Richard C. , Tomlin Dani , Rance Gary , Ming Wu Jia
Published: August 2020

Two studies are reported in which the threshold estimates from auditory steady-state response (ASSR) tests are compared to those of click- or toneburst-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). The first, a retrospective review of 51 cases, demonstrated that both the click-evoked ABR and the ASSR threshold estimates in infants and children could be used to predict the pure-tone threshold. The second, a prospective study of normal-hearing adults, provided evidence that the toneburst-evoked ABR and the modulated tone–evoked ASSR thresholds were similar when both were detected with an automatic detection algorithm and that threshold estimates varied with frequency, stimulus rate, and detection method. The lowest thresholds were obtained with visual detection of the ABA. The studies illustrate that ASSRs can be used to estimate pure-tone threshold in infants and children at risk for hearing loss and also in normal-hearing adults.
Estimating the Audiogram Using Multiple Auditory Steady-State Responses
Authors: Dimitrijevic Andrew , John Sasha M. , Van Roon Patricia , Purcell David W. , Adamonis Julija , Ostroff Jodi , Nedzelski Julian M. , Picton Terence W.
Published: August 2020

Multiple auditory steady-state responses were evoked by eight tonal stimuli (four per ear), with each stimulus simultaneously modulated in both amplitude and frequency. The modulation frequencies varied from 80 to 95 Hz and the carrier frequencies were 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. For air conduction, the differences between physiologic thresholds for these mixed-modulation (MM) stimuli and behavioral thresholds for pure tones in 31 adult subjects with a sensorineural hearing impairment and 14 adult subjects with normal hearing were 14 ± 11, 5 ± 9, 5 ± 9, and 9 ± 10 dB (correlation coefficients .85, .94, .95, and .95) for the 500-, 1000-, 2000-, and 4000-Hz carrier frequencies, respectively. Similar results were obtained in subjects with simulated conductive hearing losses. Responses to stimuli presented through a forehead bone conductor showed physiologic-behavioral threshold differences of 22 ± 8, 14 ± 5, 5 ± 8, and 5 ± 10 dB for the 500-, 1000-, 2000-, and 4000-Hz carrier frequencies, respectively. These responses were attenuated by white noise presented concurrently through the bone conductor.
Comparison of Auditory Steady-State Response and Auditory Brainstem Response Thresholds in Children
Authors: Vander Werff Kathy R. , Brown Carolyn J. , Gienapp Barbara A. , Schmidt Clay Kelly M.
Published: August 2020

Recently, auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) have been proposed as an alternative to the auditory brainstem response (ABR) for threshold estimation. The goal of this study was to investigate the degree to which ASSR thresholds correlate with ABR thresholds for a group of sedated children with a range of hearing losses. Thirty-two children from the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics ranging in age from 2 months to 3 years and presenting with a range of ABR thresholds participated. Strong correlations were found between the 2000-Hz ASSR thresholds and click ABR thresholds (r = .96), the average of the 2000- and 4000-Hz ASSR thresholds and click ABR thresholds (r = .97), and the 500-Hz ASSR and 500-Hz toneburst ABR thresholds (r = .86). Additionally, it was possible to measure ASSR thresholds for several children with hearing loss that was great enough to result in no ABR at the limits of the equipment. The results of this study indicate that the ASSR may provide a reasonable alternative to the ABR for estimating audiometric thresholds in very young children.
Prediction of Hearing Threshold in Infants Using Auditory Steady-State Evoked Potentials
Authors: Rance Gary , Rickards Field
Published: August 2020

This retrospective study examines the relationship between auditory steady-state evoked potential (ASSEP) thresholds determined in infancy and subsequently obtained behavioral hearing levels in children with normal hearing or varying degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. Overall, the results from 211 subjects showed that the two test techniques were highly correlated, with Pearson r values exceeding .95 at each of the audiometric test frequencies between 500 and 4000 Hz. Analysis of the findings for babies with significant hearing loss (moderate to profound levels) showed similar threshold relationships to those obtained in previous studies involving adults and older children. The results for infants with normal or near-normal hearing did, however, differ from those reported for older subjects, with behavioral thresholds typically 10 to 15 dB better than would have been predicted from their ASSEP levels.
Advantages and Caveats When Recording Steady-State Responses to Multiple Simultaneous Stimuli
Authors: John M. Sasha , Purcell David W. , Dimitrijevic Andrew , Picton Terence W.
Published: August 2020

This article considers the efficiency of evoked potential audiometry using steady-state responses evoked by multiple simultaneous stimuli with carrier frequencies at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. The general principles of signal-to-noise enhancement through averaging provide a basis for determining the time required to estimate thresholds. The advantage of the multiple-stimulus technique over a single-stimulus approach is less than the ratio of the number of stimuli presented. When testing two ears simultaneously, the advantage is typically that the multiple-stimulus technique is two to three times faster. One factor that increases the time of the multiple-response recording is the relatively small size of responses at 500 and 4000 Hz. Increasing the intensities of the 500- and 4000-Hz stimuli by 10 or 20 dB can enhance their responses without significantly changing the other responses. Using multiple simultaneous stimuli causes small changes in the responses compared with when the responses are evoked by single stimuli. The clearest of these interactions is the attenuation of the responses to low-frequency stimuli in the presence of higher-frequency stimuli. Although these interactions are interesting physiologically, their small size means that they do not lessen the advantages of the multiple-stimulus approach.
Influence of Environmental Factors on Hearing Aid Microphone Preference
Authors: Surr Rauna K. , Walden Brian E. , Cord Mary T. , Olson Laurel
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of everyday listening situations that influence user preferences for omnidirectional versus directional hearing aid microphones. Eleven experienced hearing aid users were fitted with digital hearing aids featuring switchable omnidirectional (OMNI) and adaptive-directional (DIR) modes (programs). For 6 weeks, their task was to identify and describe at least one listening situation each day in which one program performed better than the other using a checklist daily journal format. All participants reported difficulty identifying situations in which they could perceive a difference between the two microphone modes. Although an equal number had been requested, descriptions favoring the DIR outnumbered those for the OMNI. Chi-square tests were used to compare the distributions of 60 descriptions favoring the OMNI and 155 favoring the DIR across variables associated with the primary talker to whom the hearing aid user was listening, background noise, and other environmental characteristics. The results indicated that location of the primary talker, presence or absence and type of background noise, and type of space in which the communication occurred influenced microphone choice.
Distinguishing Healthy from Otosclerotic Ears: Effect of Probe-Tone Frequency on Static Immittance
Authors: Shahnaz Navid , Polka Linda
Published: August 2020

The diagnostic utility of static immittance (SI) with respect to distinguishing healthy from otosclerotic ears was investigated at different probe-tone frequencies in 68 healthy ears and 36 ears with surgically confirmed otosclerosis. Because one effect of otosclerosis is to shift the resonant frequency of the middle ear to higher values as a result of increased stiffness of the middle ear system, it was hypothesized that SI measured at higher probe-tone frequencies may provide a better distinction between healthy and otosclerotic ears. As expected, the results of this study indicate that SI measured at higher probe-tone frequencies is superior to a standard low probe tone in the detection of otosclerotic ears. Through systematic and objective comparisons of relevant probe-tone frequencies using both group statistics and test performance analysis, the present study suggests 630 Hz as an optimum probe-tone frequency for measuring SI with respect to distinguishing healthy ears from otosclerotic ears.
Electrophysiologic Correlates of Attention versus Distraction in Young and Elderly Listeners
Authors: De Chicchis Albert R. , Carpenter Michael , Cranford Jerry L. , Hymel Murvin R.
Published: August 2020

This study examined the effects of selective attention versus stimulus competition on the late auditory evoked potential (LAEP) in 20 young and 20 elderly listeners. In a series of test runs, different oddball tonal sequences were presented to one or both ears, and listeners were instructed to attend to tones at a specific target ear. Peak amplitudes were recorded for the N1, P2, and the early and late N2 components of the LAEP. Significant attention effects were found for all four components. N1 amplitudes increased significantly when participants attended to the target stimuli, whereas the amplitudes of P2, N2e, and N2l decreased. For all LAEP components except N2l, the attention effect did not differ between young and elderly listeners. Significant competition effects also were found for all four components. Amplitudes were significantly larger in monaural than binaural conditions for all components except N2l. The magnitude of this competition effect also was significantly larger for the young listeners than the elderly for all components except N1. These results suggest that the ability to attend selectively to sounds may be more resistant to normal aging than are effects related to stimulus competition.
Seasonal Effects on Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Screening Outcomes in Infants versus 6-Year-Old Children
Authors: Kei Joseph , Robertson Kelly , Driscoll Carlie , Smyth Veronica , McPherson Bradley , Latham Simon , Loscher Jennifer
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) screening outcomes (pass/fail) across the seasons (spring, autumn, and winter) between infants and schoolchildren. A total of 526 infants (275 boys, 251 girls) with a mean age of 2.0 months (SD = 0.38 months) and 975 schoolchildren (513 boys, 462 girls) with a mean age of 6.2 years (SD = 0.36 years) were screened using the ILO Otodynamics Quickscreen program. The same TEOAE pass/fail criterion was applied to the two groups. The results indicated a significant difference in pass rates between infants (91.2% of 1052 ears) and schoolchildren (86.0% of 1950 ears). A seasonal effect was found only for schoolchildren, with a significantly lower pass rate in winter than in spring or autumn. There was no difference in pass rates between spring and autumn. Implications for the seasonal effect on TEOAE screening outcomes for infants and schoolchildren are discussed.
Comparison of Electrically Evoked Whole-Nerve Action Potential and Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Thresholds in Nucleus CI24R Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Hay-McCutcheon Marcia J. , Brown Carolyn J. , Clay Kelly Schmidt , Seyle Keely
Published: August 2020

In this study, differences between electrically evoked whole-nerve action potential (EAP) and electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) measurements within Nucleus CI24R cochlear implant recipients were evaluated. Precurved modiolus-hugging internal electrode arrays, such as the CI24R, are designed to provide more direct stimulation of neural elements of the modiolus. If the electrode array is closer to the modiolus, electrically evoked and behavioral levels might be lower than were previously recorded for the straight electrode array, the CI24M. EAP and EABR growth functions and behavioral levels were obtained for 10 postlingually deafened adults. Results revealed no significant differences between EAP and EABR threshold levels, and these levels were not significantly lower than those obtained using the CI24M.
Behavioral and Electrophysiologic Evidence of Auditory Processing Disorder: A Twin Study
Authors: Jerger James , Thibodeau Linda , Martin Jeffrey , Mehta Jyutika , Tillman Gail , Greenwald Ralf , Britt Lana , Scott Jack , Overson Gary
Published: August 2020

We administered a battery of both behavioral and electrophysiologic measures to a pair of fraternal twin girls, one of whom exhibited symptoms consistent with an auditory processing disorder. Both twins were within normal limits on standardized tests of cognitive and language skills. Basic audiometric measures, as well as behavioral tests of simultaneous masking, backward masking, gap detection, and frequency-sweep discrimination, showed little difference between the twins. Significant differences, however, were evident on event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to both within-channel and across-channel gap detection tasks. Substantial differences were also noted for ERPs to both linguistic and nonlinguistic targets in dichotic listening paradigms. The pattern of electrophysiologic results was consistent with a deficit in the efficiency of interhemispheric transfer of auditory information. A possible reason for the greater effectiveness of electrophysiologic over behavioral measures is discussed.
Picture Naming by Children with Hearing Loss: I. Effect of Semantically Related Auditory Distractors
Authors: Jerger Susan , Lai Lydia , Marchman Virginia A.
Published: August 2020

Thirty children with hearing loss (HL) and 129 typically developing (TD) children representing comparable ages, vocabulary ability, or phonology skills named pictures while attempting to ignore semantically related or unrelated auditory distractors. The timing relation between the onsets of the distractors and pictures varied. A significant semantic interference effect, that is, slowed naming in the presence of the semantically related distractor, was observed in all groups, suggesting similar categorical knowledge in the HL and TD groups. The time course of semantic interference, however, was protracted in some children with HL, primarily those with unusually slow baseline naming speeds and early ages of identification/amplification of the loss. Thus, children with HL seem to develop normal lexical semantic representations. At the same time, the dynamics of semantic processing appear to be altered by the presence of early childhood HL.
Picture Naming by Children with Hearing Loss: II. Effect of Phonologically Related Auditory Distractors
Authors: Jerger Susan , Lai Lydia , Marchman Virginia A.
Published: August 2020

Thirty children with hearing loss (HL) and 129 typically developing (TD) children representing comparable ages, vocabulary abilities, or phonology skills named pictures while attempting to ignore auditory distractors. The picture-distractor pairs were constructed to represent phonologically congruent or conflicting onset relations, for example, the picture "duck" with distractors of /d∧/ or /p∧/, respectively. In children with good phoneme discrimination, congruent distractors speeded naming and conflicting distractors slowed naming, relative to a control condition. Effects were similar in HL and TD subgroups. In children with poorer phoneme discrimination, conflicting distractors did not influence naming in the HL subgroup, regardless of discrimination status, and consistently slowed naming only for discriminated contrasts in the TD subgroup. Phonologic representations appear suitably fine-grained in HL children with good auditory perceptual abilities but may be less well specified, more holistic, and/or less auditory-linguistically based in HL children with poorer auditory perceptual abilities. Results are discussed in terms of the heterogeneous nature of phonologic processing in children with HL.
Hearing Loss, Hearing Handicap, and Functional Health Status between African American and Caucasian American Seniors
Authors: Pugh Kenneth C. , Crandell Carl C.
Published: August 2020

This investigation examined the relations among hearing loss, handicap perception, and functional health status of 152 African American and Caucasian American seniors ranging in age from 60 to 89 years. Subjective measures were obtained from self-report scores on the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE), the Medical Outcomes Study 36-ltem Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and demographic profiles. Results indicated the following: (1) both subject groups exhibited nearly identical degrees of sensorineural hearing loss consistent with presbyacusis; (2) African American seniors reported significantly lower levels of completed education than did Caucasian American seniors; (3) differences between groups in self-report scores of hearing handicap (HHIE) were not statistically significant; (4) differences across groups in self-report scores of functional health status (SF-36) were not statistically significant; and (5) increasing levels of hearing loss produced significantly higher HHIE scores and significantly lower SF-36 scores in each group. These findings are discussed.
Factors Ensuring Consistent Audibility in Pediatric Hearing Aid Fitting
Authors: Kuk Francis , Marcoux Andre
Published: August 2020

Ensuring consistent audibility is an important objective when fitting hearing aids to children. This article reviews the factors that could affect the audibility of the speech signals to children. These factors range from a precise determination of the child's hearing loss to an accurate specification of gain in the chosen hearing aids. In addition, hearing aid technology and features such as multichannel processing, directional microphones, and feedback cancellation that could affect the achievement of consistent audibility are reviewed.
Assessment of Patients for Treatment with Tinnitus Retraining Therapy
Authors: Henry James A. , Jastreboff Margaret M. , Jastreboff Pawel J. , Schechter Martin A. , Fausti Stephen A.
Published: August 2020

Clinical management for patients complaining of severe tinnitus has improved dramatically in the last 25 years. During that period of time, various methods of treatment have been introduced and are being used with varying degrees of success. One method that has received considerable attention is tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT). This method is being practiced by hundreds of clinicians worldwide, and retrospective clinical data indicate that TRT has been effective for the majority of patients. This article provides a guide for clinicians to evaluate their patients for treatment with TRT. Included in this guide is the expanded version of the TRT initial interview and specific instructions for the clinician administering the interview.
Comparison of Tinnitus Masking and Tinnitus Retraining Therapy
Authors: Henry James A. , Schechter Martin A. , Nagler Stephen M. , Fausti Stephen A.
Published: August 2020

Two methods for treating tinnitus are compared. Tinnitus masking has been used for over 25 years, and although this method is used in clinics around the world, there are many misconceptions regarding the proper protocol for its clinical application. Tinnitus retraining therapy has been used clinically for over 12 years and has received considerable international attention. Although these methods are distinctive in their basic approach to tinnitus management, certain aspects of treatment appear similar. These aspects of treatment have created considerable confusion and controversy, especially regarding the use of "sound therapy" as a basic component of treatment. It is the objective of this article to clarify the major differences that exist between these two forms of treatment.
Prospects for the teaching of translation majors in the new era
Authors: Guo Yanlin
Published: August 2020

Since entering the new era, the translation model has gradually changed with the widespread application of machine
translation technology and the rapid development of a translation industry. The mismatch between the demand of employers and the talents
trained by universities has become a major problem facing the translation major nowadays. To this end, we should attach more importance to
the readjustment of the existent curriculum; students’ practical ability in translation; grasp of the skill of detecting and correcting
machine translation errors; combination of translation and relevant professional knowledge.
Grammatical nominalization in Yoron Ryukyuan
Authors: Seraku Tohru , Tohyama Nana
Published: August 2020

Despite extensive research on Ryukyuan languages, relatively few attempts have been made to describe Ryukyuan nominalization. This paper sets out the agenda for exploring Ryukyuan nominalization with special reference to Yoron Ryukyuan, which, we propose, has four nominalizers: -si, hutu, munu, and Ø (zero). We divide nominalization into GB (Gap-Based) and GL (Gap-Less) nominalization. Firstly, -siis the most productive; it realizes GB/GL nominalization and derives clefts, relatives, and stance constructions. Secondly,hutuis less productive; its use in GB nominalization is restricted, and it derives only stance constructions. Thirdly,munuis viewed as a formal noun in that it encodes the general meaning ‘person, thing’ and usually requires a modifying element. Finally, Ø is the least productive, found only in fixed constructions. Based on these observations, we propose a non-discrete view of nominalizer and formal noun and a cline of their productivity.
Carrot physiological disorders and crop adaptation to stress.
Authors: Villeneuve François , Geoffriau Emmanuel
Published: August 2020

Several disorders mainly of abiotic origin can occur on carrots, causing problems of varying degrees for producers. They are often responses to lack or excess of essential crop nutrients, light, moisture or temperature. Other factors may be poor soil structure, poor aeration, soil compaction, high soil salinity, air pollution or from chemical pesticides. Symptoms of these abiotic factors often are difficult to diagnose. Additional identification may be needed because some disorders mimic symptoms caused by viruses or other pathogens. This chapter describes carrot physiological disorders related to (i) root morphology and appearance, and (ii) plant development. Mechanisms of carrot adaptation to stress and various effects of main stresses (such as water stress, salinity, heavy metals and mechanical stress) are discussed.
Preliminary study of the antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel from different acquisition as material gel peel-off mask
Authors: Priyanti  , Partuti Tri , Amalina Nusaibah Nur , Rahmiaty Desy , Yanti Wulandari Fera , Nadyana HutssyElya , Daniya Alika Arum , Annisa Nurul
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is the fifth largest producer of mangosteen in the world. West Sumatra is the second largest mangosteen center in Indonesia after West Java. Natural antioxidants can be obtained from mangosteen peel. In this research we used mangosteen from West Sumatera (Padang) and West Java (Muncul, Aeon, Tanah Tinggi, and Sayur Box). The dried mangosteen peel extracted using alcohol. The extraction process using sonication method with a variation of time 30, 45 and 60 minutes, respectively, then evaporated until get the condensed extract. Antioxidant test result from the condensed extract shows that the value of IC50 for mangosteen from all area was 3.76-20.53 ppm. The longer sonication time from AEON has the highest IC50 value (20.27 ppm) than others (3.76-8.11 ppm). From identification using UVvis test, it shows that mangosteen peel contains of flavonoid, tanin, and saponin compound. The mangosteen peel extract from different regions has varying antioxidant activity.
The Practicality of Blended Learning Assessment Model to Accomodate Instructional Domains: 3-Stage Trial
Authors: Rahmi U , Syafril S , Azman A , Azrul A , Zuliarni Z
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the practicality of the blended learning assessment instrument model that had been declared valid in previous studies. The model has been valid to accommodate three instructional domains. This study uses the ADDIE model. In the practical testing phase carried out in three stages, namely one to one test (3 users), small group test (6 users), and field group tests (30 users). The results of the first and second stage trials found that this model was practically applied to the user, but in the field group test, the results were quite valid. Based on further studies, it was found that the students were constrained to continue assessing the LMS because flash players were not updated. Students need to update in advance to be able to continue the assessment activities. The implication is that all learning components must be prepared before the application of blended learning.
Students’ Perspectives on the Design and Implementation of a Blended Learning in Practicum
Authors: Yuliyanto Eko , Hidayah Fitria Fatichatul , Istyastono Enade Perdana , Wijoyo Yosef
Published: August 2020

This research aimed to investigate the implementation of blended learning (BL), which was designed in a group of pre-service chemistry teachers at higher education institutions. Blended learning was implemented by holding face-to-face lectures combined with online lectures using the Schoology Learning Management System (LMS). Meanwhile, the research employed a qualitative approach. The purpose of this study was to discover learning experiences and perceptions of students who have applied BL in practical learning. The results showed that students found new experiences during blended learning. Based on experience, students felt independence, flexibility, and ease in working on problems. Furthermore, students’ perceptions showed a comfortable feeling because learning process was flexible, structured, active, and up-to-date. Given the advantages of BL, pre-service chemistry teachers expressed their interest in applying BL to the learning process when they have become teachers. However, there were some shortcomings of BL, namely slow internet connection and Schoology LMS that often logged the students out on its own during test. However, students liked the flexibility of classes conducted by video call via WhatsApp application. In further research, it is necessary to redesign the learning process, so that the communication between lecturers and students will be balanced during face-to-face learning and online learning and the learning process will be more effective.
Particle Board Made From Areca Fiber With Tapioca Adhesive
Authors: Nurdin Hendri , Hasanuddin  , Waskito  , Kurniawan Andre
Published: August 2020

The development of engineering materials, has increased its use in various fields. Engineering material which is a combination of various materials that can be made into a product, namely particle board. Areca nut has the potential to be engineered material. Development of various technological processes in the use of areca fiber waste into particles Development of particle board made from areca fiber as an interior material that has the ability and light weight as a substitute for wood. In making this particle board, areca fiber is made of particles and combined with tapioca adhesive. Optimizing the concentration of a mixture of particles and adhesives used to obtain the characteristics of newly developed materials. The results of particle board testing made from areca fiber with tapioca adhesive are valued for characteristics that meet JIS A 5908-2003 and SNI 03-2105-2006 quality standards. So that the areca fiber reinforced particle board can be used as raw material for furniture making as needed as a substitute for wood.
Effects of Fuel Type on Performance in Gasoline Engine with Electronic Fuel Injection System
Authors: Arif Ahmad , Rifdarmon  , Milana  , Martias  , Hidayat Nuzul
Published: August 2020

Gasoline engines with electronic fuel injection systems are recommended to use Pertalite type unleaded gasoline to produce a perfect combustion process so as to improve engine performance. However, the majority of vehicle owners prefer to use Premium type fuel and sometimes also mix it with other fuels, resulting in decreased engine performance. This is due to the low price of Premium and consumers do not understand the effect on engine performance. This research was conducted on a Toyota Avanza K3-VE 1,298 cc with an experimental method that aims to determine the performance of a gasoline engine with an electronic fuel injection system using several types of fuel. To find out the optimal engine performance, the test is carried out at maximum engine speed using a dynamometer bench. The results showed that the right fuel used in gasoline engines with electronic fuel injection systems is Pertamax type because it has optimal engine performance, which produces an maximum torque of 176.23 Nm and an maximum power of 105.83 Kw.
The Effect of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model with PQ4R strategy towards the mathematical reasoning based on metacognitive awareness
Authors: Primadani Aisyah Ilmi , Mardiyana  , Triyanto
Published: August 2020

The purposes of this study are to describe (1) the effect of TGT learning model with PQ4R strategy towards mathematical reasoning, (2) the effect of metacognitive awareness towards mathematical reasoning, (3) the interaction between the learning model and metacognitive awareness towards mathematical reasoning. The research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design. The population is the eighth-grade students in Sragen Regency. The sampling technique is cluster random sampling. The data collection techniques are test and questionnaire. The data analysis technique is two ways analysis of variance unequal cell. The research results are (1) The TGT learning model with the PQ4R strategy has a better learning than direct learning towards mathematical reasoning. (2) Students with high metacognitive awareness have a better than students with low metacognitive awareness towards mathematical reasoning. (3) There is no interaction between learning model and metacognitive awareness towards mathematical reasoning. In each learning model, students with high metacognitive awareness is better than students with low metacognitive awareness. In each level of metacognitive awareness, TGT learning model with PQ4R strategy is better than direct learning.
Association of frailty with mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19: a cohort study
Authors: Aw Darren , Woodrow Lauren , Ogliari Giulia , Harwood Rowan
Published: August 2020

Background

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected older people.

Objective

The objective of this paper to investigate whether frailty is associated with all-cause mortality in older hospital inpatients, with COVID-19.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Secondary care acute hospital.

Participants

Participants included are 677 consecutive inpatients aged 65 years and over.

Methods

Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association of frailty with mortality. Frailty was assessed at baseline, according to the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), where higher categories indicate worse frailty. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, previous admissions and acute illness severity.

Results

Six hundred and sixty-four patients were classified according to CFS. Two hundred and seventy-one died, during a mean follow-up of 34.3 days. Worse frailty at baseline was associated with increased mortality risk, even after full adjustment (P = 0.004). Patients with CFS 4 and CFS 5 had non-significant increased mortality risks, compared to those with CFS 1–3. Patients with CFS 6 had a 2.13-fold (95% CI 1.34–3.38) and those with CFS 7–9 had a 1.79-fold (95% CI 1.12–2.88) increased mortality risk, compared to those with CFS 1–3 (P = 0.001 and 0.016, respectively). Older age, male sex and acute illness severity were also associated with increased mortality risk.

Conclusions

Frailty is associated with all-cause mortality risk in older inpatients with COVID-19.
RabbitQC: high-speed scalable quality control for sequencing data
Authors: Yin Zekun , Zhang Hao , Liu Meiyang , Zhang Wen , Song Honglei , Lan Haidong , Wei Yanjie , Niu Beifang , Schmidt Bertil , Liu Weiguo
Published: August 2020

Motivation

Modern sequencing technologies continue to revolutionize many areas of biology and medicine. Since the generated datasets are error-prone, downstream applications usually require quality control methods to pre-process FASTQ files. However, existing tools for this task are currently not able to fully exploit the capabilities of computing platforms leading to slow runtimes.

Results

We present RabbitQC, an extremely fast integrated quality control tool for FASTQ files, which can take full advantage of modern hardware. It includes a variety of operations and supports different sequencing technologies (Illumina, Oxford Nanopore and PacBio). RabbitQC achieves speedups between one and two orders-of-magnitude compared to other state-of-the-art tools.

Availability and implementation

C++ sources and binaries are available at https://github.com/ZekunYin/RabbitQC.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The case for a unified monetary theory of interest: Keynes and Schumpeter
Authors: Callegari B
Published: August 2020

Keynes and Schumpeter developed two separate monetary theories of interest, the first arguing for the central role of liquidity and the second underlining the consequences of economic development, both agreeing on the fundamental monetary nature of the phenomenon. It is possible, however, to advance an essentialist interpretation of the two theories, making them consistent and allowing for the development of a unified monetary theory of interest to serve as a stepping stone toward further integration between current post-Keynesian and neo-Schumpeterian debates. Such interpretation relies on the acknowledgement of two shared assumptions: conscious uncertainty, navigated through conventional expectations, and the monetary nature of a decentralised economy. From this perspective, liquidity and the process of economic development follow from the idiosyncratic relationship between money and economic processes characterising capitalism—the common root of all monetary theories of interest.
Arms Races and Conflict: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Abbink Klaus , Dong Lu , Huang Lingbo
Published: August 2020

We study escalation and aggression in an experimental first-strike game in which two participants play multiple rounds of a money-earning task. In each round, both players can spend money to accumulate weapons. The player with more weapons can spend money to strike against the other player, which almost totally eliminates the victim's earnings potential and removes their capacity to strike. Weapons can serve as a means of deterrence. In four treatments, we find that deterrence is strengthened if weapon stocking cannot be observed, that a balance of power is effective in maintaining peace, and that mutually beneficial trade decreases the risk of confrontation, but not necessarily the likelihood of costly arms races.
Religion and Mental Health in Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Nguyen Ann W
Published: August 2020

Religion has been an important source of resiliency for many racial and ethnic minority populations. Given the salience, sociohistorical context, and importance of religion in the lives of black and Latino Americans, this literature review focuses on the mental health and well-being outcomes of religion among black and Latino Americans across the adult life course and specifically in later life. This review provides an overview of religious participation and religiosity levels and an in-depth discussion of extant research on the relationship between the multiple dimensions of religiosity and mental health in these 2 populations. Racial differences between blacks, Latinos, and non-Latino whites are also examined. Suggestions for limitations of the current literature and future directions for research on religion and mental health in racial/ethnic minority populations, especially older minorities, are proposed.
Regular Use of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Causes Thinning of the Superficial Lining and Apical Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Target Cells in the Human Ectocervix
Authors: Edfeldt Gabriella , Lajoie Julie , Röhl Maria , Oyugi Julius , Åhlberg Alexandra , Khalilzadeh-Binicy Behnaz , Bradley Frideborg , Mack Matthias , Kimani Joshua , Omollo Kenneth , Wählby Carolina , Fowke Keith R , Broliden Kristina , Tjernlund Annelie
Published: August 2020

Background

The hormonal contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) may be associated with an increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We hypothesize that DMPA use influences the ectocervical tissue architecture and HIV target cell localization.

Methods

Quantitative image analysis workflows were developed to assess ectocervical tissue samples collected from DMPA users and control subjects not using hormonal contraception.

Results

Compared to controls, the DMPA group exhibited a significantly thinner apical ectocervical epithelial layer and a higher proportion of CD4+CCR5+ cells with a more superficial location. This localization corresponded to an area with a nonintact E-cadherin net structure. CD4+Langerin+ cells were also more superficially located in the DMPA group, although fewer in number compared to the controls. Natural plasma progesterone levels did not correlate with any of these parameters, whereas estradiol levels were positively correlated with E-cadherin expression and a more basal location for HIV target cells of the control group.

Conclusions

DMPA users have a less robust epithelial layer and a more apical distribution of HIV target cells in the human ectocervix, which could confer a higher risk of HIV infection. Our results highlight the importance of assessing intact genital tissue samples to gain insights into HIV susceptibility factors.
Glycemic response in nonracing sled dogs fed single starch ingredients and commercial extruded dog foods with different carbohydrate sources
Authors: Rankovic Alexandra , Adolphe Jennifer L , Ramdath D Dan , Shoveller Anna K , Verbrugghe Adronie
Published: August 2020

This study adapted the established glycemic index (GI) methodology used in human research to perform two studies in sled dogs in order to assess the blood glucose-raising potential of pulse-based dog foods. The first was a pilot study (n = 6 dogs) to determine the GI of single starch sources (white bread, cooked white rice, and cooked green lentils) using a glucose solution as control. Next, the effect on glycemic and insulinemic meal responses and GI of commercial extruded dog foods containing different categories of starch sources (traditional grain, whole grain, grain-free, and vegan) were investigated on 11 dogs using a glucose control. Results were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Consumption of 10 g of available carbohydrate (Av CHO) was insufficient to elicit a measurable response in blood glucose for GI determination, and as such, the amount was increased to 25 g for the second study. The GI (±SE) of the single starch sources and dog foods was: white bread: 47 ± 11, cooked white rice: 71 ± 14, cooked green lentils: 60 ± 20 (P = 0.569), traditional grain: 83 ± 17, whole grain: 56 ± 8, grain-free: 41 ± 6, and vegan: 65 ± 15 (P = 0.154). No statistical differences in glycemic response over time were observed between the single starch sources or the extruded diets tested (P = 0.1412; P = 0.2651). The insulinemic response elicited by the extruded diets was also not different (P = 0.079); however, the traditional grain diet did have the slowest time to peak for insulin (P = 0.0078). Among single starch sources and extruded dog foods, there were no differences in the glycemic indices measured in this study. The GI methodology has not been validated for use in canine species, and it is likely that our results were due to higher interindividual variation or inadequate study power. Regardless, this study will serve to better define future studies to investigate the potential physiological benefits of low GI foods for dogs.
Comparison of data analytics strategies in computer vision systems to predict pig body composition traits from 3D images
Authors: Fernandes Arthur F A , Dórea João R R , Valente Bruno Dourado , Fitzgerald Robert , Herring William , Rosa Guilherme J M
Published: August 2020

Computer vision systems (CVS) have been shown to be a powerful tool for the measurement of live pig body weight (BW) with no animal stress. With advances in precision farming, it is now possible to evaluate the growth performance of individual pigs more accurately. However, important traits such as muscle and fat deposition can still be evaluated only via ultrasound, computed tomography, or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to develop a CVS for prediction of live BW, muscle depth (MD), and back fat (BF) from top view 3D images of finishing pigs and 2) to compare the predictive ability of different approaches, such as traditional multiple linear regression, partial least squares, and machine learning techniques, including elastic networks, artificial neural networks, and deep learning (DL). A dataset containing over 12,000 images from 557 finishing pigs (average BW of 120 ± 12 kg) was split into training and testing sets using a 5-fold cross-validation (CV) technique so that 80% and 20% of the dataset were used for training and testing in each fold. Several image features, such as volume, area, length, widths, heights, polar image descriptors, and polar Fourier transforms, were extracted from the images and used as predictor variables in the different approaches evaluated. In addition, DL image encoders that take raw 3D images as input were also tested. This latter method achieved the best overall performance, with the lowest mean absolute scaled error (MASE) and root mean square error for all traits, and the highest predictive squared correlation (R2). The median predicted MASE achieved by this method was 2.69, 5.02, and 13.56, and R2 of 0.86, 0.50, and 0.45, for BW, MD, and BF, respectively. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that it is possible to successfully predict BW, MD, and BF via CVS on a fully automated setting using 3D images collected in farm conditions. Moreover, DL algorithms simplified and optimized the data analytics workflow, with raw 3D images used as direct inputs, without requiring prior image processing.