bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical, hormonal and metabolic influences on blood vessels, blood flow and bone
Authors: Prisby Rhonda D
Published: August 2017

Bone tissue is highly vascularized due to the various roles bone blood vessels play in bone and bone marrow function. For example, the vascular system is critical for bone development, maintenance and repair and provides O2, nutrients, waste elimination, systemic hormones and precursor cells for bone remodeling. Further, bone blood vessels serve as egress and ingress routes for blood and immune cells to and from the bone marrow. It is becoming increasingly clear that the vascular and skeletal systems are intimately linked in metabolic regulation and physiological and pathological processes. This review examines how agents such as mechanical loading, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, vitamin D and calcitonin, all considered anabolic for bone, have tremendous impacts on the bone vasculature. In fact, these agents influence bone blood vessels prior to influencing bone. Further, data reveal strong associations between vasodilator capacity of bone blood vessels and trabecular bone volume, and poor associations between estrogen status and uterine mass and trabecular bone volume. Additionally, this review highlights the importance of the bone microcirculation, particularly the vascular endothelium and NO-mediated signaling, in the regulation of bone blood flow, bone interstitial fluid flow and pressure and the paracrine signaling of bone cells. Finally, the vascular endothelium as a mediator of bone health and disease is considered.
Spatial Distribution of Multipliers in Kalimantan Island Economy: An Inter-Regional Input-Output Analysis
Authors: Muchdie Muchdie
Published: August 2017

This paper provides the results of analysis on total multipliers and flow-on, sectoral-specific, and spatial-specific multipliers as important indicators for evaluating, planning and controlling regional development in Kalimantan Island economy. The model employed was Inter-Island Input-Output Model developed using new hybrid procedures with special attention on Island economy. The results show that firstly, the important sectors of Kalimantan Island economy could be based on total multipliers and flow-on effects of output, income and employment. Secondly, important economic sectors could be based on sector-specific multipliers effects; multipliers that occurred in own sector and other sectors. Thirdly, important economic sectors could be based on spatial-specific multipliers; multipliers that occurred both in own region and other regions. Finally, important economic sectors could be based on spatial distribution of flow-on; flow-on effects that occurred in own region as well as in other regions.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.4736
Interest Rate Pass-Through: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Utama Chandra , Septiani Rizqianisa
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the direct and indirect interest rate pass-trough (IRPT) from policy interest rate (BI rate) to banks’ retail interest rates in Indonesia during a full-fledged inflation-targeting regime. We use montly data of policy interest rate (BI rate) as well as interest rates for interbank money market (interbank), deposit, and loan during July 2005 to May 2015. We employ Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to find the significant of IRPT and the speed of adjustment process of IRPT. The study suggests the existence of direct and indirect IRPT in Indonesia. The change of policy rate is transmitted quicker in the direct channel compared to the indirect channel. However, indirect channel is more stable than the direct channel. We conclude that the direct and indirect IRPT are complementary.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.4819
Performance Analysis of Indonesia’s Mining Sector Price Index
Authors: Satyatama Hastra Reza , Sumantyo Riwi
Published: August 2017

Subprime mortage’s crisis in United States 2008 giving effect to the global capital markets especially the stock price index of the mining sector Indonesia. This research analyzes the effect of BI Rate, exchange rate, world gold price, crude oil price, and Dow Jones Industrial Average on the stock price index of the mining sector. This research employs time series monthly data of 2009-2016 with Error Correction Model-Engle Granger (ECM-EG) as the method. The analysis showed that the BI rate, exchange rate and world gold price, has a negative and significant effect. World oil prices affect positively but not significant meanwhile the Dow Jones Industrial Average has a positive and significant impact on the stock price index of the mining sector. For investors in the mining sector, should pay attention to the exchange rate of the rupiah and Dow Jones Index significantly in the mining sector of the stock price index.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5395
Back Matter, Vol. 6 (2), October 2017
Authors: Signifikan Jurnal
Published: August 2017

Back Matter, Vol. 6 (2), October 2017
Four new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from the Valle del Cauca department in Colombia
Authors: Karremans Adam P. , Rodríguez-Martínez Lizeth , Rincón-Useche Cristian
Published: August 2017

Pleurothallis indecora, P. juvenilis, P. lueriana and P. queremalensis are described from material collected in the municipality of Dagua, department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The four species were found during field inventories of the Orchidaceae in San José del Salado and El Queremal, they are illustrated, and a comparison with their closest relatives is provided.
Future Prisons and Personalized Trajectories
Authors: Joldersma Cisca
Published: August 2017

In the near future, imprisonment may no longer be the ultimate sanction. Imprisonment may be part of sanctions combined in an offender’s trajectory. These trajectories will become more and more personalized and tailor-made. A trajectory consists of different options: pre-trial options; front-door options; options during stay in prison; pre-release options; and aftercare options. With regard to future prisons, five basic principles can be recognized: human dignity; the avoidance of further damage or harm; the right to develop the self; the right to be important to other people; and a stable and professional organization.
Compressive behaviour of high-strength steel cross-sections
Authors: Gkantou Michaela , Theofanous Marios , Antoniou Nikolaos , Baniotopoulos Charalampos
Published: August 2017

The recent increase in the use of high-strength steels (HSSs) in modern engineering practice necessitates a deeper understanding of their structural response. Given that HSS design specifications are largely based on a limited number of test data and assumed analogies with mild steel, their applicability to HSS sections needs to be assessed. In the work reported in this paper, finite-element models were developed and validated against experimental data of hot-finished S460 and S690 grade steel stub columns. Parametric studies were conducted to generate a large volume of structural performance data over a wide range of cross-section slenderness values and aspect ratios. On the basis of the results, the suitability of the Eurocode 3 (EC3) class 3 slenderness limit and the effective width equations for HSS sections were assessed. Aiming to account for element interaction effects, which are not considered in EC3, an effective cross-section method applicable to HSS slender sections was developed. Finally, the continuous-strength method was extended to stocky S460 sections, for which overly conservative strength predictions were observed. The reliability of the proposed design methods was verified according to annex D of the Eurocode structural design basis (EN 1990).
Briefing: Introduction of French asphalts into UK airfield design
Authors: Bonney Craig , Hakim Bachar , Richardson John , Fergusson Carl , Cook John
Published: August 2017

French asphalt mixtures have been shown to provide viable alternatives to conventional UK airfield materials. This paper introduces an analytical design methodology for using French asphalt materials and quantifies the thickness benefits compared with conventional materials for new and rehabilitated airfield flexible pavements. The use of a stress-absorbing membrane interlayer (Sami) to mitigate the risk of reflective cracking in composite pavements is also considered. An assessment of materials presents similarities in performance properties between UK and French asphalt surfacing, resulting in the recommendation for using bétons bitumineux pour chaussées aéronautiques (BBA) as a direct replacement for Marshall asphalt surfacing. A direct replacement of UK materials with the same thickness of BBA/grave bitume (GB3) asphalt surface and base is proposed, whereas a thickness reduction of 20% is recommended through use of enrobé à module elévé (EME2) base material. Overlay thicknesses are proposed for reduction using either EME2 material or a Sami, dependent on specific design cases. Material equivalency factors have been proposed for inclusion of French asphalts in UK pavement design.
A Heterologous Model of Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain-Containing 7A-Associated Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Tomas Nicola M. , Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine , von Spiegel Hanning , Kotb Ahmed M. , Zahner Gunther , Hoxha Elion , Helmchen Udo , Endlich Nicole , Koch-Nolte Friedrich , Stahl Rolf A.K.
Published: August 2017

Thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) is a target for autoimmunity in patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). Circulating autoantibodies from patients with THSD7A-associated MN have been demonstrated to cause MN in mice. However, THSD7A-associated MN is a rare disease, preventing the use of patient antibodies for larger experimental procedures. Therefore, we generated antibodies against the human and mouse orthologs of THSD7A in rabbits by coimmunization with the respective cDNAs. Injection of these anti-THSD7A antibodies into mice induced a severe nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria, weight gain, and hyperlipidemia. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed granular antigen-antibody complexes in a subepithelial location along the glomerular filtration barrier 14 days after antibody injection, and immunohistochemistry for rabbit IgG and THSD7A as well as ultrastructural analyses showed the typical characteristics of human MN. Mice injected with purified IgG from rabbit serum that was taken before immunization failed to develop any of these changes. Notably, MN developed in the absence of detectable complement activation, and disease was strain dependent. In vitro, anti-THSD7A antibodies caused cytoskeletal rearrangement and activation of focal adhesion signaling. Knockdown of the THSD7A ortholog, thsd7aa, in zebrafish larvae resulted in altered podocyte differentiation and impaired glomerular filtration barrier function, with development of pericardial edema, suggesting an important role of THSD7A in glomerular filtration barrier integrity. In summary, our study introduces a heterologous mouse model that allows further investigation of the molecular events that underlie MN.
Apropriações
Authors: Barcelos Carolina Montebelo
Published: August 2017

Por meio do estudo crítico das peças Conselho de classe, LaborAtorial e Como estou hoje, que compunham o projeto Ethos Carioca, da Cia. dos Atores, estreado em 2013, procurou-se discutir como seus membros e artistas convidados se valem de uma gama de referências artísticas e de experiências pessoais na concepção de suas peças. A partir de um breve exame sobre o conceito de “apropriação”, propôs-se o entendimento do trabalho criativo da Cia. dos Atores e de sua experimentação com elementos do real através de um processo de hibridização com as artes plásticas, cinema, vídeo e dança, além de diversos gêneros teatrais. Para esse fim, o exame das peças foi fundamentado com estudos teóricos levados a cabo por Jean-Pierre Ryngaert, Patrice Pavis, André Lepecki, Winnie Wong e Piotr Woycicki, assim como entrevistas realizadas com os membros da Cia. dos Atores no ano de 2016.
A construção da identidade docente por bacharéis no ensino superior
Authors: Fernandes Catiane Raquel Sousa , Viana Izabel Luíza Rodrigues de Sousa , Alves Aurilene De Macedo , Macedo Luciana Soares , Martins Ana Maria Gomes de Sousa , Rodrigues Malvina Thais Pacheco
Published: August 2017

O texto trata da construção da identidade docente correlacionando com os paradigmas sociais e a importância do ser docente e estar docente. O objetivo é verificar a importância da docência como atividade profissional por bacharéis no Ensino Superior. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica pautada na realidade brasileira, que busca elencar a identidade do bacharel para docência do ensino superior. Os principais resultados foram a necessidade de uma política educacional que priorize a formação para o ensino de qualidade, do ser e estar do professor, a literatura evidenciou que os profissionais que estão na docência reconhecem que houve pouca instrução para sê-lo, porém apontam alguns entraves no processo educacional de formação de professores, e propõem algumas soluções, além de suscitar indagações acerca do perfil do bacharel professor.
A docência no ensino superior: reflexões e perspectivas
Authors: Emmel Rúbia , Krul Alexandre José
Published: August 2017

Este artigo parte de estudos realizados no componente curricular “Ensino Superior: perspectivas da ação docente”, durante um Curso de Doutorado em Educação. O estudo teve o objetivo de refletir sobre a docência no Ensino Superior, considerando a indissociabilidade, presente na tessitura, que compõem a tríade: ensino, pesquisa e extensão; e ainda discussões teóricas sobre a formação de professores para o Ensino Superior. Como metodologia de estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, em que buscou-se analisar a docência no Ensino Superior através de questionamentos, que contribuem para (re)pensar acerca das reflexões teóricas apresentadas. Foi possível pensar a docência no Ensino Superior enquanto atuação investigativa e na dimensão da construção coletiva. Nessa mesma direção, cabe ressignificar o lugar da pesquisa no Ensino Superior e ainda rearticular e recuperar a relação entre o ensino e a pesquisa. O ensino foi pensado para além da instrumentalização técnica, apostando na formação pedagógica e na necessidade de pesquisa também no ensino. Desse modo, entendemos o docente no Ensino Superior como profissional reflexivo, crítico e competente, voltado a transformação da sociedade, de seus valores e de suas formas de organização do trabalho; cuidadoso do aperfeiçoamento da docência buscando a integração de saberes complementares; que reconhece a docência como um campo de conhecimentos específicos; com atitude de flexibilidade, abertura, capacidade de lidar com o imprevisto e o novo.
Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma: Pathological study of three cases in Ecuador
Authors: Aldas Eduardo Garzón , Torres Gabriela
Published: August 2017

Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon histopathological variant of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by acantholysis of tumor cells creating pseudolumina and the appearance of glandular differentiation. It is also known as pseudoglandular, pseudoangiosarcomatous, adenoid, epithelioma dyskeratoticum, or adenoacanthoma. In this article, we describe and analyze three cases of acantholytic cell carcinoma. The purpose is to verify if the data of our cases can be validated with scientific information. All our cases presented lesions in the face, and in one of them the developed tumor on the skin showed actinic keratosis. The other two tumors were located in the right side of the face, and both were big: the bigger tumor was approximately 8 × 4 cm and the other one with a size of 6 × 2.5 cm. Due to the size and location, they were both send to the oncologist for treatment. One of our cases showed metatypical carcinomas accompanied by acantholytic variant of squamous cell carcinoma. None of our cases presented metastasis. The histopathological finding were keratinized squamous tumor cell type, adenoid structures with round spaces with a defined wall of at least one-cell width, and spaces with isolated or group of dyskeratotic cells.
Editorial
Authors: Sengupta Dr. Mousumi
Published: August 2017

Welcome to the present issue of SDMIMD Journal of Management. There are total nine articles, and one book review, which have been published in this volume. Among them, six articles are the revised and modified version of the papers, presented in the 5th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Finance, Accounting and Banking; and two papers are revised and modified version of the papers, presented in the 2nd International Conference on Inclusive Economic Growth and Sustainable Development. All the articles and the book review, including the above, have been selected for publication following the journal’s guidelines, and after undergoing ‘double blind’ peer review process.
Posterior Tie
Authors: Baeza Carmela , Genna Catherine Watson , Murphy James , Hazelbaker Alison K. , Kaplan Martin , Smillie Christina , Martinelli Roberta , Marchesan Irene
Published: August 2017

Posterior tongue-tie is another controversial topic in the tongue-tie world. A posterior tongue-tie is a class-IV tongue-tie. It may be submucosal (i.e., underneath the mucous membrane covering). Babies with this kind of tie are often misidentified as having a short tongue. Revision is more involved, and there is disagreement about whether this condition exists, and to what extent. Our panelists weigh in on this topic.
Autopercepción de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico en escolares de 12 años en la Parroquia El Sagrario del Cantón Cuenca-Ecuador
Authors: Guerrero-Luzuriaga Jessica , Villavicencio-Caparó Ebingen , González-Campoverde Lorena
Published: August 2017

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico autopercibida por los escolares de 12 años de la parroquia El Sagrario, Cuenca año 2016. Material y Métodos: La metodología aplicada fue descriptiva, tipo encuesta, transversal. El tamaño de la muestra fue calculada mediante fórmula, siendo ésta de 143 escolares de 12 años de los cuales los padres de familia aceptaron el consentimiento y los escolares dieron su asentimiento informado para ser parte del estudio. Los datos cualitativos fueron analizados usando la prueba de chi cuadrado para determinar independencia entre los grados de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico autopercibida y el sexo. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos fueron que el 18% autoperciben mientras que el 82% no autoperciben la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico. De acuerdo a los grados de necesidad el 82% presentan una necesidad nula, el 13% una necesidad moderada y únicamente el 5% una necesidad severa de tratamiento ortodóntico autopercibida. El sexo femenino autopercibe la necesidad de tratamiento en un 9.8% mientras que el 8.4% pertenece al sexo masculino. Conclusiones: La mayoría de escolares de 12 años de la parroquia El Sagrario, evaluados por el Componente Estético del IONT no autoperciben la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico.
Aroma Profile of Essential Oils of Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv from Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel E. Essien  , Paul S. Thomas  , Mohammad I. Choudhary
Published: August 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the volatile oils constituents of Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv, an aromatic non-conventional vegetable. The essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from leaves, stem, floral and aerial parts of S. monostachyus (P.Beauv.) Briq. were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of fifteen constituents were identified and characterized by the high amount of sesquiterpenoid (43.13-91.21%). The leaf oil comprised mainly of β-caryophyllene (71.42%), α-caryophyllene (7.0%), 1-octen-3-ol (6.96%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.67%); the stem oil consisted of β-caryophyllene (46.75%), α-caryophyllene (20.22%), caryophyllene oxide (10.45%) and 1-octen-3-ol (10.31%); the predominant compounds in the floral oil were 1-octen-3-ol (40.24%), β-caryophyllene (18.94%) and α-caryophyllene (16.98%); while β-caryophyllene (27.43%), caryophyllene oxide (24.83%) and α-caryophyllene (12.9%) were the abundant components of the aerial oil. The chemical composition of S. monostachyus essential oils from Nigeria is reported for the first time.
Natural Products Effective for Management of Cancer - Review
Authors: Arijit Chaudhuri  , Shalini Sharma
Published: August 2017

Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death and worldwide the numbers of cases of cancer are increasing progressively. Presently numerous medicines existing in the market to treat the various types of cancer but no drug is found to be fully effective and safe. The synthetic drugs are associated with huge adverse effects and patient also vanish immune system. Natural products have been the backbone and proved effective and safe in the treatment and management of cancers. Natural products remain an important source of new drugs, new drug leads and new chemical entities. The plant based drug discovery resulted mainly in the development of anticancer agents including plants, marine organisms and micro-organisms sources. Consequently, natural products are likely to deliver numerous of the chief structures with potent anticancer activity. These novel compounds enhanced anticancer activity by transforming in suitable dosage form. In this review, we emphasized the natural products traditionally used as anti-cancer agents and the new plant species scientifically validated for the anticancer activity.
Anti-Microbial Susceptibility Pattern of Fosfomycin in Various Clinical Isolates
Authors: Humaira Zafar  , Nouman Noor  , Kiran Tauseef Bukhari  , Sadaf Humayun  , Noor Khan Lakhnana
Published: August 2017

To identify the susceptibility pattern of Fosfomycin in various clinical isolates by estimating the frequency in terms of percentages. A convenient sampling technique was adopted for study proceedings. Total 748(n) specimens for culture and sensitivity were received in the microbiology section of pathology department. Out of these 748(n) specimens, positive cultures were seen in 144(n). For culture and sensitivity proceedings, the recommended CLSI – 2014 (clinical and laboratory standard institute) guidelines were followed. The bacterial isolation was done by biochemical tests. The zone diameter of >16 mm for 50µgm fosfomycin disc was considered as sensitive zone. While <15-12mm was considered as intermittent one and <12mm was the resistant zone. Data was recorded and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 for statistical inference. For numerical variables frequencies were calculated in terms of percentages. Seventy six 76.06% (n=143) gram negative and 68.42 % (n=13) gram positive organisms were sensitive to Fosfomycin. The efficacy of fosfomycin is more for gram negative (76%) as compared to gram positive organisms (68%).
Nutritional Composition and Acute Toxicity Potentials of Archontophoenix tukeri and Adonidia merrilli Kernels
Authors: Bassey S. Antia  , Emmanuel E. Essien  , Enobong D. Udonkanga
Published: August 2017

Archontophoenix tukeri and Adonidia merrilli are exotic species widely grown in Nigeria as ornamental palms. In this study, the kernels of A. tukeri and A. merrilli were subjected to amino acids, fatty acids, proximate, anti-nutrients and mineral element analyses, in addition to acute toxicity evaluation. Glutamic acid (11.30 and 5.33 g/100 g) and leucine (5.9 and 4.2 g/100 g) were the most abundant essential and non-essential amino acids; the fatty acids profile revealed three major fatty acids: palmitic acid (20.14 and 11.27%), oleic acid (61.83 and 25.78%) and linoleic acid (13.05 and 55.26%); low linolenic acid levels were also observed (˂1%) with 75.87 and 81.98% total unsaturated fatty acids in A. tukeri and A. merrilli respectively. Carbohydrate (85.73% and 90.15%) and oxalate contents (1927.2 and 2072.4 mg/100 g) were relatively high, while low levels of cyanide (12.05 and 65.45 mg/100 g), phytates (6.32 and 2.53 mg/100 g) and tannins (35.36 and 20.16 mg/100 g) were observed. A. tukeri indicated higher Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn and Na contents. The anti-nutrient-mineral ratios were computed and compared with critical values. Acute toxicity of A. tukeri and A. merrilli was 866.03 mg/Kg. These palms contain vital nutritional components, and with proper processing could serve as potential products for both human and animal nutrition.
Toxicological Profile of Carbamazepine and Levetiracetam on Some Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in Rats
Authors: Theophine Chinwuba Akunne  , Sunday N. Okafor  , Zellinjo Igweze  , Chiamaka N. Njoku  , Oluwatoyin O. Ojapinwa
Published: August 2017

The prolonged usage of antiepileptic drugs has necessitated the need to study their toxicological profiles using in experimental animals. The toxicological effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and levetiracetam (LEV) on some biochemical and haematological parameters were evaluated in rats. Haematological parameters evaluated include packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell (WBC), while some biochemical parameters studied were liver enzyme tests such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipid profiles tests such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). In addition, the body weight and morphological assessment of the vital body organs were determined. Results showed that CBZ and LEV did not significantly affect the haematological parameters. Animals treated with CBZ showed a significant increase in TC and HDL levels at 400 and 1000 mg/kg doses. There was no significant increase in the TC, HDL, LDL and TG in rats treated with LEV. CBZ and LEV treated animals at the doses of 400 and 1000 mg/kg showed a significant increase in body weights from the 6th day after commencement of treatment. There was also a significant increase in the weights of the liver, kidney and heart of the animals treated with CBZ and LEV. The colour and texture of the organs did not change. However, no appreciable weight increase was observed with the lung.
New Scientific Contribution on the 2-D Subdomain Technique in Polar Coordinates: Taking into Account of Iron Parts
Authors: Dubas Frédéric , Boughrara Kamel
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a new scientific contribution on the two-dimensional (2-D) subdomain technique in polar coordinates taking into account the finite relative permeability of the ferromagnetic material. The constant relative permeability corresponds to linear part of the nonlinear B(H) curve. As in conventional technique, the method of separation of variables and the Fourier’s series are used for the resolution of magnetostatic Maxwell’s equations in each region. Although, the general solutions of magnetic field in the subdomains and boundary conditions (BCs) between regions are different in the conventional and proposed method. In this later, the magnetic field solution in each subdomain is a superposition of two magnetic quantities in the two directions (i.e., r- and Q-axis) and the BCs between two regions are also in both directions. For example, the scientific contribution has been applied to an air- or iron-cored coil supplied by a constant current. The distribution of local quantities (i.e., the magnetic vector potential and flux density) has been validated by a corresponding 2-D finite-element analysis (FEA). The obtained semi-analytical results are in very good agreement with those of numerical method.
Some Properties of the Fuss–Catalan Numbers
Authors: Qi Feng , Cerone Pietro
Published: August 2017

In the paper, the authors express the Fuss–Catalan numbers as several forms in terms of the Catalan–Qi function, find some analytic properties, including the monotonicity, logarithmic convexity, complete monotonicity, and minimality, of the Fuss–Catalan numbers, and derive a double inequality for bounding the Fuss–Catalan numbers.
Individual Versus Community-Level Risk Compensation Following Preexposure Prophylaxis of HIV
Authors: Holt Martin , Murphy Dean A.
Published: August 2017

We analyzed the concept of risk compensation and how it has been applied in HIV prevention, paying particular attention to the strategy of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In risk compensation, reduced perceptions of risk after the introduction of a preventative intervention lead to more frequent risk-taking behavior. Such a change may undermine the intervention’s protective benefits.

We found that many studies purporting to investigate risk compensation do not assess or report changes in perceptions of risk, instead relying on behavioral measures. Our analysis suggests a complex and sometimes counterintuitive relationship between the introduction of a new prevention intervention, perceptions of HIV risk, and subsequent changes in behavior.

As PrEP is introduced, we believe comprehensive assessment of community-level risk compensation—that is, changes in risk perceptions and behavior as a result of increased optimism about avoiding HIV among people not directly protected by PrEP—should not be omitted. We therefore suggest ways to assess prevention optimism and community-level risk compensation.
Lead Content of Sindoor, a Hindu Religious Powder and Cosmetic: New Jersey and India, 2014–2015
Authors: Shah Manthan P. , Shendell Derek G. , Strickland Pamela Ohman , Bogden John D. , Kemp Francis W. , Halperin William
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To assess the extent of lead content of sindoor, a powder used by Hindus for religious and cultural purposes, which has been linked to childhood lead poisoning when inadvertently ingested.

Methods. We purchased 95 samples of sindoor from 66 South Asian stores in New Jersey and 23 samples from India and analyzed samples with atomic absorption spectrophotometry methods for lead.

Results. Analysis determined that 79 (83.2%) sindoor samples purchased in the United States and 18 (78.3%) samples purchased in India contained 1.0 or more micrograms of lead per gram of powder. For US samples, geometric mean concentration was 5.4 micrograms per gram compared with 28.1 micrograms per gram for India samples. The maximum lead content detected in both US and India samples was more than 300 000 micrograms per gram. Of the examined US sindoor samples, 19% contained more than 20 micrograms per gram of lead (US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] limit); 43% of the India samples exceeded this limit.

Conclusions. Results suggested continued need for lead monitoring in sindoor in the United States and in sindoor carried into the United States by travelers from India, despite FDA warnings.
Readiness to Vaccinate Critical Personnel During an Influenza Pandemic, United States, 2015
Authors: Moulia Danielle L. , Dopson Stephanie A. , Vagi Sara J. , Fitzgerald Thomas J. , Fiebelkorn Amy Parker , Graitcer Samuel B.
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To assess the readiness to vaccinate critical infrastructure personnel (CIP) involved in managing public works, emergency services, transportation, or any other system or asset that would have an immediate debilitating impact on the community if not maintained.

Methods. We analyzed self-reported planning to vaccinate CIP during an influenza pandemic with data from 2 surveys: (1) the Program Annual Progress Assessment of immunization programs and (2) the Pandemic Influenza Readiness Assessment of public health emergency preparedness programs. Both surveys were conducted in 2015.

Results. Twenty-six (43.3%) of 60 responding public health emergency preparedness programs reported having an operational plan to identify and vaccinate CIP, and 16 (26.2%) of 61 responding immunization programs reported knowing the number of CIP in their program’s jurisdictions.

Conclusions. Many programs may not be ready to identify and vaccinate CIP during an influenza pandemic. Additional efforts are needed to ensure operational readiness to vaccinate CIP during the next influenza pandemic.
Violent Death Reporting in Maryland: Demographic Variability in Data Completeness
Authors: Smith Meghan L. , Akinyemi Adebola A. , Stanley Jennifer L. , Mitchell Clifford S.
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To analyze the completeness of precipitating circumstance information recorded in the Maryland Violent Death Reporting System and identify limitations that could affect the system’s utility.

Methods. We reviewed all violent deaths among Maryland residents for the years 2003 through 2014 (n = 19 161). We assessed the presence of precipitating circumstance data (abstracted from medical examiner and police reports) by manner of death and demographic characteristics. We further evaluated homicide records with multivariable regression.

Results. Demographic variation in circumstance reporting was most pronounced for homicide. Circumstances were known for 53.2% of homicide cases, and this percentage was lower among non-Latino Blacks (48.2%), males (50.7%), those aged 18 to 25 years (47.9%), those residing in jurisdictions with higher-than-average homicide rates (46.1%), and those who died outside in a public place (43.4%) or in a correctional facility (48.9%). With the exception of male gender, these factors were significantly associated with circumstance reporting when we controlled for demographic and situational variables.

Conclusions. Circumstance reporting was least likely among groups most at risk for homicide in Maryland. Collection of circumstance data for the most affected groups should be strengthened to help develop better prevention strategies.
Living Outside the Gender Box in Mexico: Testimony of Transgender Mexican Asylum Seekers
Authors: Cheney Marshall K. , Gowin Mary J. , Taylor E. Laurette , Frey Melissa , Dunnington Jamie , Alshuwaiyer Ghadah , Huber J. Kathleen , Garcia Mary Camero , Wray Grady C.
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To explore preimmigration experiences of violence and postimmigration health status in male-to-female transgender individuals (n = 45) from Mexico applying for asylum in the United States.

Methods. We used a document review process to examine asylum declarations and psychological evaluations of transgender Mexican asylum seekers in the United States from 2012. We coded documents in 2013 and 2014 using NVivo, a multidisciplinary team reviewed them, and then we analyzed them for themes.

Results. Mexican transgender asylum applicants experienced pervasive verbal, physical, and sexual abuse from multiple sources, including family, school, community, and police. Applicants also experienced discrimination in school and in the workplace. Applicants immigrated to the United States to escape persistent assaults and threats to their life. Applicants suffered health and psychological effects from their experiences in Mexico that affected opportunities in the United States for employment, education, and social inclusion.

Conclusions. Additional social protections for transgender individuals and antidiscrimination measures in Mexican schools and workplaces are warranted as are increased mental health assessment and treatment, job training, and education services for asylum seekers in the United States.
HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis and Condomless Sex: Disentangling Personal Values From Public Health Priorities
Authors: Calabrese Sarah K. , Underhill Kristen , Mayer Kenneth H.
Published: August 2017

Daily HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective form of HIV protection that remains unknown and inaccessible for many people in the United States despite receiving federal approval over five years ago.

PrEP is supported by the public health community, but forgoing condoms while taking PrEP has proven controversial; this controversy may be contributing to the lag in PrEP uptake. We argue that limiting PrEP access based on anticipated or actual sexual behavior contradicts the goals of public health research and practice and is not scientifically justified.

As evidence for the effectiveness of novel forms of biomedical HIV protection emerges, public health professionals need to accept new definitions of “protected sex” and ensure that their personal values do not override empirical evidence when determining public health priorities.
Pore Compressibility of Shale Formations
Authors: Lan Yuzheng , Moghanloo Rouzbeh Ghanbarnezhad , Davudov Davud
Published: August 2017

This study introduces a novel outlook on a shale-pore system and on the potential effect of pore compressibility on the production performance. We divide porosity of the system into accessible and inaccessible pores, and incorporate inaccessible pores with grains into the part of the rock that is not accessible. In general, accessible pores contribute to flow directly, whereas inaccessible pores do not.

We present a mathematical model that uses mercury-injection capillary pressure (MICP) data to determine the accessible-pore and inaccessible part of the rock (IRP) compressibility as a function of pressure. During MICP testing in a typical shale sample, the rock sample experiences conformance, compression, and intrusion as effective pressure increases. We characterize the compressibility value dependent on MICP data as a function of pressure. The calculated compressibility values for accessible pores generally appear to be much greater (two to three orders of magnitude) than those of IRP.

Next, we evaluate how calculated accessible-pore-compressibility values affect gas recovery in several shale-gas plays. Our results suggest that substitution of total pore compressibility with accessible-pore compressibility can significantly change the reservoir-behavior prediction. The fundamental rock property used in many reservoir-engineering calculations including reserves estimates, reservoir performance, and production forecasting is the total pore-volume (PV) compressibility, which has an approximate value typically within the range of 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4 psi−1 (Mahomad 2014). By recognizing the part of the pore system that actually contributes to production and identifying its compressibility, we can substitute total pore compressibility with accessible-pore compressibility. The result changes the value by nearly two orders of magnitude.

The outcome of the paper changes the industry's take on prediction of reservoir performance, especially the rock-compaction mechanism. This study finds that production caused by rock compaction is in fact much greater than what has often been regarded, which will change the performance evaluation on a great number of reservoirs in terms of economic feasibility.
A Study of the Effect of Fracture Walls on Tracer Transport
Authors: Mahadevan Jagannathan
Published: August 2017

Subsurface permeable systems are heterogeneous at multiple scales and are often fractured. Flow and transport in the subsurface formations are impacted by the presence of fractures, both natural and induced. The effects of permeability heterogeneity and fractures on tracer tests are not well-understood. Echo-tracer (i.e., single-well-injection withdrawal) and transmission-tracer (i.e., dipole) tests can provide information on the flow and transport-system heterogeneity in layered formations. The reversal of flow paths in the echo tests tends to cancel out the non-Gaussian, high-permeability flow behavior in the tracer histories, as observed in laboratory experiments.

A question arises whether similar Echo-tracer behavior may be observed in tracer responses for an extreme case of heterogeneity, such as a multiporosity fractured permeable system. A fractured rock consists of high-permeability contrast with high fracture permeability and low matrix permeability, often differing by orders of magnitude. The tracer response from an echo test as well as a transmission test in fractured systems, with high level of heterogeneity, is known to be controlled by the extent of molecular diffusion into the matrix. Dispersion may be dominant in the fracture volume, whereas the molecular diffusion is expected to occur across the fracture/wall interface.

We discuss the 1D propagator of diffusion, with convection, and its behavior in the presence of a reflecting and absorbing fracture wall. A wave model is presented to understand the tracer transport in a fracture with differential-diffusion properties. The model predicts that diffusion and adsorption of tracer can produce a retardation of the tracer propagation in the fracture in a transmission-tracer test. The retardation leads to a difference in the arrival times of the tracer, which can then be used to calculate the length of a fracture. The model prediction is compared with published transmission-tracer test experimental data in a fractured till rock. Comparison of the model prediction of tracer-front-arrival times shows good agreement.

The arrival time depends on the diffusion coefficient, average time of exposure of the solution to the fractured system, the length of the fracture, and the fracture spacing. Prediction of the echo-tracer test shows that for a fractured system, the retardation of the tracer produces a delayed arrival of the diffusing tracer as opposed to the nondiffusing tracer. The study adapts existing techniques for simple-wave description of tracer transport to a fractured system with absorbing walls. The model for prediction of front movement in the fractured system is novel.
Associations among U.S. Locations for Orchardgrass Production
Authors: Robins Joseph G. , Smith s. Ray , Hall Marvin H. , Teutsch Chris D. , Undersander Daniel J.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Orchardgrass exhibits strong genotype × environment interaction across U.S. production area.

There is limited association between US orchardgrass production areas.

The choice of best orchardgrass cultivar should be based on local production conditions.

Thirteen orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars were evaluated across 4 years at five US field locations in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin. The objective was to determine the relationship among the five locations for orchardgrass agronomic performance. Cultivar × environment interaction was identified for dry matter (DM) yield, stand percentage, maturity rating, disease rating, spring regrowth, and fall regrowth. Significant concordance values were moderate to high (τ = 0.46 to 0.84) among the locations, with the exception of Wisconsin, which showed little association with the other locations. These rankings indicated that there was little association among the locations for orchardgrass performance. This was further illustrated by the mean values of the cultivars for each trait. In only a few cases was a cultivar among the highest ranking for a trait at more than one location. Notable exceptions were the generally high DM yield of the cultivars Benchmark Plus and Persist and the high disease resistance of the cultivars Barlegro, Excellate SA, and Harvestar. The results illustrate that orchardgrass cultivar adaptation is region specific within this subset of U.S. production areas.
Surge Irrigation Reduces Irrigation Requirements for Soybean on Smectitic Clay‐Textured Soils
Authors: Wood C.W. , Krutz L.J. , Falconer L. , Pringle H.C. , Henry B. , Irby T. , Orlowski J.M. , Bryant C. J. , Boykin D.L. , Atwill R.L. , Pickelmann D.M.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Surge irrigation reduced the amount of water applied per irrigation event by 22%

Surge irrigation reduced the total amount of seasonal irrigation water application by 24%

Surge irrigation increased irrigation water use efficiency by 29%

The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer is declining precipitously due to irrigation withdrawal for row crop production. Currently, 25% of the soybean (Glycine max L.) acres in the Mid‐South are planted on clay‐textured soils and furrow‐irrigated using conventional continuous flow (CONV), the least efficient irrigation delivery system. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of surge irrigation (SURGE) on amount of water applied, soybean grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and net return above irrigation costs when implemented on clay‐textured soils. The research was conducted during the 2013 through 2015 growing seasons in Stoneville, MS and consisted of paired fields, with the same cultivar, soil texture, planting date, and management practices used on both sites. Paired fields were randomly assigned as SURGE or CONV. Water applied to each field was monitored with flowmeters, and irrigations were initiated based on soil moisture sensor thresholds. Relative to CONV, SURGE reduced the amount of water applied per irrigation event by 22% and total water applied in season by 24% (P ≤ 0.0349). Soybean grain yield averaged 66 bu/acre and was not different between delivery systems (P = 0.7711), but SURGE increased IWUE by 29% compared with CONV (P = 0.0076). Net return above irrigation cost was not different between CONV and SURGE, regardless of diesel price or pumping depth (P ≥ 0.1149). Results from this research indicate that soybean producers in the Mid‐South and other regions that irrigate using lay‐flat polyethylene tubing can adopt SURGE for soybean on clay‐textured soils without adversely affecting yield or on‐farm profitability while concurrently decreasing the demand on depleted groundwater resources.
Environment, Management, and Genetic Contributions to Maize Kernel Hardness and Grain Yield
Authors: Cerrudo Aníbal , Martinez Dionisio , Izquierdo Natalia G. , Cirilo Alfredo G. , Laserna M. Paula , Reinoso Lucio , Valentinuz Oscar , Balbi Celsa , Andrade Fernando H.
Published: August 2017

Dry milling performance of maize (Zea mays L.) is directly related to kernel hardness. This study assessed the contribution of maize hybrid and crop growing condition on kernel hardness and grain yield. Three hybrids that fully explore the available genetic variability for kernel hardness were planted at different environments across the Argentinean cropping area. At each environment, early and late planting dates and supplemental fertilization were evaluated. Kernel coarse‐to‐fine ratio was used as an indicator of kernel hardness. Coarse‐to‐fine ratio ranged from 2.0 to 7.0 g g−1, grain yield ranged from 494 to 1391 g m−2, and both were affected by hybrid and growing conditions. Hybrid ranking was stable across growing conditions; however, differences among hybrids in kernel coarse‐to‐fine ratio and grain yield increased when growing condition favored kernel hardness and grain yield. Growing condition explained >60% of total variability in coarse‐to‐fine ratio and grain yield. Fertilization management had significant but small influence on assessed variables. In contrast, the interaction between planting date and environment was the major determinant of kernel coarse‐to‐fine ratio and grain yield. Delayed planting consistently reduced kernel hardness at high‐latitude locations. Potential photosynthetic source during maize reproductive period explained 37% of the variation in kernel coarse‐to‐fine ratio. Environment and agronomic management should be considered together with the hybrid in the design of maize production strategies oriented to end‐use quality.
Genetic Analysis of Stability in Poly‐Crossed Populations of Orchardgrass
Authors: Saeidnia Fatemeh , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Mirlohi Aghafakhr
Published: August 2017

Development of synthetic varieties is the most common breeding method in cross‐pollinated grasses. In these plants estimation of general combining ability (GCA) as well as the amount of interaction between additive effects and environment (AE) is of paramount importance. There is a lack of knowledge in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) about the effect of genetic and stability analysis using poly‐crossed mating system. Half‐sib families derived from polycross of 25 orchardgrass genotypes were evaluated under two moisture environments (normal and drought stress) in the field during 5 yr (2010–2014). High genotypic variation was observed among families. The results showed that additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis along with regression method were useful in selection for plant biomass improvement where additive × environment interactions are present. Some genotypes were identified as the most stable across the environments as well as having high GCA for plant biomass. The results indicated that finding parental genotypes for synthetic varieties which can transmit both high plant biomass and stability is possible in orchardgrass.