bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Outcomes and Activities for Courses on Deep Foundations and Earth Retention Systems
Authors: Fiegel Gregg L.
Published: February 2025

The paper describes the process of incorporating learning outcomes and classroom activities into two separate upper-division geotechnical engineering courses focused on deep foundations and earth retention systems. The learning outcomes were developed using Bloom's taxonomy; they define the knowledge, skills, and abilities the students are expected to achieve upon completion of a particular course. The learning modules taught within the deep foundation and earth retention courses address various traditional topics (e.g. axial capacity of driven piles and drilled shafts, construction considerations in foundation design, lateral earth pressure theory, cantilevered wall design, etc.). Specific learning modules are defined in the paper. Prior to addressing a learning module, students review the learning outcomes, which frame the topics to be covered. The instructor regularly refers to the learning outcomes to orient students to the course material and to review important concepts. The paper includes a listing of the learning outcomes articulated for the learning modules in each course. Between five and nine outcomes were assigned to each module. In the paper, the reader is walked through the process of articulating the learning outcomes based on desired program/course outcomes and Bloom's taxonomy and developing assessment measures. Both formative and summative assessment approaches are described, and details are included regarding the author's approach to homework, reflection exercises, and class projects. The learning outcomes articulated for the subject deep foundation and earth retention courses improved course organization and helped students to more clearly understand instructor expectations with regard to learning. Having clear, well-defined, and measurable learning outcomes simplifies the process of developing formative and summative assessment measures.
Estudo experimental de solo reforçado com fibra de coco utilizando ensaios de placa de grande magnitude para aplicação em obras geotécnicas
Authors: Sotomayorj G.  , Casagrandem D.T.
Published: February 2025

O comportamento de um solo granular puro e com reforço de fibra de coco foi avaliado mediante ensaios de carga em placa circular em verdadeira grandeza. As curvas tensão versus recalque foram comparadas com a finalidade de determinar a diminuição do recalque devido à adição do reforço fibroso, se demostrou que a adição de fibra de coco conseguiu uma diminuição dos recalques até um 50%, concluindo, portanto que podem ser utilizadas como reforço de aterros de conquista sobre solos moles ou como cobertura de aterros sanitários, dando um fim mais nobre a esse material que normalmente é descartado em grandes quantidades após o consumo do fruto nas cidades costeiras.
Pile Set-Up for Individual Soil Layers Along Instrumented Test Piles in Clayey Soil
Authors: Haque Nafiul  , Abu-Farsakh Murad  , Chen Qiming
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the experimental results of static and dynamic load tests (DLT) that were conducted on prestressed concrete (PSC) piles in order to investigate the pile set-up phenomenon for individual soil layers. To understand the set-up phenomenon of individual soil layers, two instrumented PSC piles were driven for a bridge reconstruction site in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Extensive in-situ and laboratory tests were conducted to examine and quantify the various soil properties at each test pile location. The test piles were instrumented with sister bar strain gages, piezometers and pressure cells in order to characterize the set-up process with soil types and properties. CAPWAP analysis and load distribution plots from static load tests (SLT) were used to compute the resistance of specific soil layers with time. The consolidation and post consolidation behavior are discussed for soil layers in order to correlate with set-up.
Optimización del diseño de pilas de cimentación con pruebas de carga en las rocas sedimentarias de Monterrey Nuevo León
Authors: Pineda Claudia  , Paniagua Z Walter I.  , Segovia P. José A
Published: February 2025

Monterrey Nuevo León es una ciudad en expansión y con la constante construcción de edificios de mediana altura, cuya cimentación en muchos casos se ha resuelto mediante pilas, apoyadas en las Lutitas de la región. El cálculo de la capacidad de carga con los criterios tradicionales se fundamenta en los resultados de penetración estándar y con valores de resistencia obtenidos a partir de algunas muestras de laboratorio de especímenes de rocas recuperados en sitio y correlaciones de estudios previos en la zona; la complejidad para realizar los muestreos, la calidad de las muestras obtenidas y en general las condiciones geológicas de la zona, dan lugar a incertidumbres que pueden ser disipadas realizando un ensayo a escala natural, con la ejecución de una prueba de carga se puede llegar a obtener valores que permitan optimizar la geometría de los elementos ensayados, situación que se refleja directamente en un beneficio económico para cada proyecto. En este artículo se presenta la comparativa en el diseño de pilas de cimentación a partir de métodos analíticos y cuatro pruebas de carga, de proyectos desarrollados en Monterrey, Nuevo León.
Parametric Sensitivity Study of Energy Piles under Cyclic Thermo-mechanical Loading
Authors: Saggu Rajni  , Chakraborty Tanusree
Published: February 2025

In the present study, geothermal energy piles in sand subjected to long-term cyclic thermal loading with fifty heating-cooling cycles and constant mechanical loading have been analyzed numerically using the nonlinear transient finite element method and the resulting soil-structure interaction has been investigated. Analyses have been carried out for floating and end-bearing piles in both loose and dense sands subjected to different constant axial load magnitudes at the pile head. Mobilization of limit shaft resistance of the energy piles and axial stress exhibited by these piles have been investigated at the end of first heating and at the end of 50thheating. Parametric sensitivity studies have been carried out for different thermal load magnitudes, thermal conductivity values of pile and soil and thermal expansion coefficient values of soil. It is observed from the results that the limit shaft resistance of piles increases under higher thermal loading. The axial stresses generated in the pile due to thermal loading are higher than that induced due to mechanical loading and the axial stresses are sensitive to pile end conditions, soil stiffness and temperature change in the pile. However, the effect of variation of thermal parameters of pile and soil are observed to be negligible on the limit shaft resistance and axial stress exhibited by the piles.
Estabilización de subrasante loéssica con silicato de sodio líquido
Authors: Cruz María Pía  , Martin Italo  , Arnaudo Carlos  , Vigilante Nicolás
Published: February 2025

Esta investigación consistió en determinar la relación óptima para uso vial de la dosificación de silicato de sodio líquido con los sedimentos loéssicos erodables de la provinciade Córdoba (Argentina). El silicato de sodio puede ser utilizado en la estabilización de suelos cuando se tiene presencia de sales de calcio diluidas en agua, pues esto origina silicatos gelatinosos de calcio insolubles, que al hidratarse producen un magnífico agente cementante. La utilización del silicato de sodio empleado para mejorar los materiales de construcción data de hace más de un siglo. Una de las últimas publicaciones al respecto fue de S. Moretto (2006)[1]de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, quien investigó al silicato de sodio líquido en la estabilización de loess colapsibles mediante un proceso de inyección in-situ del terreno. En esta oportunidad la aplicación responde a estabilizar subrasantesde caminos rurales erodables yacarcavados; representando éstos el 92% de la red vial total de la provincia de Córdoba según la Dirección Provincial de Vialidad (D.P.V.). La dosificación loess-silicato, garantizará una disminución de la erodabilidad superficial como del índice de plasticidad y, un aumento de la resistencia al corte no drenado.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on Permeability and Mechanical Strength of Coal Powders
Authors: Lee Gi-Jun  , Kwon Tae-Hyuk
Published: February 2025

Enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) is a method to produce methane gas while storing carbon dioxide (CO2) in coal seams. We examined the effect of CO2adsorption on the mechanical properties and permeability of coal powder samples using a modified triaxial strength apparatus. A sub-bituminous coal sample obtained from east Kalimantan, Indonesia and an anthracite coal sample from Kyung-Dong, Korea were used in this study. Permeability of the coal powder sample during CO2adsorption was measured before conducting triaxial strength testing. As the CO2 adsorption pressure increased from 1 MPa to 2 MPa, the permeability decreased by ~75%. Upon the completion of CO2 adsorption, a series of triaxial strength tests were performed on a dry coal powder sample under a consolidated-drained (CD) condition. Our results revealed that the shear strength of the coal powder was reduced due to CO2 adsorption, where the internal friction angle decreased from 25° to 22° and the cohesion intercept decreased by ~50% under the CO2 adsorption pressure of 1 MPa. Our results suggest that CO2adsorption heavily affects the mechanical and hydraulic properties of coals.
Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbine Rigid Monopile Foundation
Authors: Kumar Gupta Bipin  , Basu Dipanjan
Published: February 2025

An analysis is presented for rigid monopiles using the variational principle of mechanics. The forces acting on the monopile and the soil are considered separately through free-body analysis. The interaction between the monopile and the surrounding soil is taken into account by considering the external and internal forces acting on the monopile-soil system, and the principle of virtual work is used to obtain the equilibrium equations. Two sets of equations, one set describing the pile displacement and rotation and the other set describing the displacements in the soil are derived. The equations are then solved analytically and numerically to obtain the displacements of the monopile and the surrounding soil. The pile displacements obtained from the analysis are in good agreement with those obtained from equivalent three-dimensional finite element analysis. The advantage of using the new analysis is that it produces results fast and do not require any cumbersome input of the problem geometry and mesh.
Analysis of Indirect Tension in Woven Geotextile Through Non-Standardized Test
Authors: Dias Filho José Luiz Ernandes  , Corrêa Brunner Rabello Frazão  , Maia Paulo Cesar Almeida  , Xavier Gustavo de Castro
Published: February 2025

The wide use of geosynthetic in the geotechnical engineering brings a great demand for characterization studies of this material. The main tests for this are known: wide-width strip method, static puncture test (CBR test), tensile creep and creep rupture behavior. Projects with use of geosynthetic in engineering works have to ensure simple techniques standardized tests at national and international level. With this procedure, the characterization and quality control of the material becomes simplified. Knowing the inherent difficulties in the Wide-Width tensile test, this article proposes the use of a non-standardized test for geosynthetic to determine the indirect tensile these materials. As [1, 2 and 3] the static puncture test generates good results for the indirect correlation result voltage. This article shows a way in which the test uses the support from the static puncture test apparatus to analyze the indirect tensile itself, but the test is made with a narrow strip attached at the ends of the support. The application of pressure in the center of the strip is by means of a bar. The main idea of this paper is to obtain these results without intrinsic effects to the material when the sample is punctured by a circular piston CBR and thus get closer to conventional test for tensile and deformation, which is not obtained by the first author quoted. The results show that it is possible to determine values for stress and strain through the test results, thus making it possible another way of characterizing the material.
Geotechnical problems in Sierra Valle Fertil road crossing
Authors: Rocca Ricardo J.  , Zeballos Marcelo E.  , Cieri Aceituno Paula
Published: February 2025

National Road 150 passes through the central region of Argentina and is part of a bi-oceanic corridor from Brazil to Chile. In Sierra de Valle Fertil it has traversed sedimentary rock formations where they have built five bridges and six tunnels. During construction, instabilities phenomena were seen in both tunnels and surface works. In tunnels different behaviors were observed on hard rock and soft rock. Slope instability processes include mass displacement and failures due to decompression generated by excavation. Some reported cases occured during the execution of the work, including various types of failures. In many sectors, rock masses showed a high degree of weathering. Analyses for the design and mitigation actions undertaken are described. Details emerged in the foundation of the bridges that make the section also arise.
Análise das tensões in situ na Mina Cuiabá – Sabará – Minas Gerais – Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Tropia Isabela  , Peluci de Figueiredo Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

In underground mine projects, the in situ stress knowledge is essential, since those need, directly or as an input, the stress orientation and magnitude for the underground excavations design, their support and reinforcement, numerical modeling construction, mine method and mine sequence selection, rockburts prediction and others. The in situ stress knowledge is generally based on in situ stress measurements, as the overcoring technique. Since it has a high cost, generally this kind of measurements is limited to some measurements.
Metodología para la evaluación del diseño banco-berma utilizando un análisis probabilístico basado en teoría de bloques. Parte II
Authors: Hormazabal Esteban  , Huamán Andrés  , Gonzalez Felipe
Published: February 2025

El análisis y diseño de la configuración banco berma en minas operativas no siempre es un procedimiento estandarizado y estructurado en base a una metodología definida. El registro de información geotécnica tomada en terreno y el estado de los banco deben ser usados para calibrar parámetros tales como el espaciamiento y persistencia de las estructuras de tal manera que se pueda evaluar el tipo y la frecuencia de los bloques críticos que afectan la estabilidad a nivel de banco en los distintos taludes de un rajo abierto. El programa SBlock es utilizado en este artículo; sin embargo, la metodología no está limitada a este software ya que la Teoría de Bloques puede ser incorporada en un programa diferente. Además, este programa permite evaluar cuantitativamente el efecto de la disminución del ángulo de la cara del banco o el aumento el ancho de la berma y su respectiva probabilidad de falla. Este artículo describe las componentes de la metodología en mención y presenta aplicaciones prácticas adquiridas en base a la aplicación de esta herramienta en diversos rajos operativos.
Failure surface prediction from DFN-DEM modelling with photogrammetric measurements
Authors: Bonilla-Sierra Viviana  , Elmouttie Marc  , Donzé Frédéric-Victor  , Scholtès Luc
Published: February 2025

Structural instabilities in open pit walls need to be assessed carefully for both safety and economic issues. Unstable wedges and daylighting blocks may be identified through three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, and determined in a first approximation by a discrete fracture network generation plugged into a polyhedral (rock block) model. To complete this preliminary assessment, a methodology for predicting failure inside the rock matrix is proposed by coupling discrete fracture network (DFN) modelling with the discrete element method (DEM). An identified wedge collapse that occurred in a coal mine is used to set up and to validate the model. In this case, the failure surface is shown to be well predicted by the progressive failure mechanism that develops from the toe of the structure inside the intact rock matrix. The DFN-DEM modelling is shown to be a complementary tool to assess rock slope stability in presence of non-persistent discontinuities.
Shear Strength Of Simulated Rock Mass – Shotcrete Interface
Authors: Villacorta Gutierrez John Danny  , Tejada Cervantes Luis Martin
Published: February 2025

This research provides the first steps in studying of Rock Mass – Shotcrete Interface behavior in creep process like the adherence generated in the interaction of both, which is determined by applying the criterion of shear strength for rough joints of Barton using destructive techniques like direct shear tests in samples physically simulated in laboratory.
No Match-making but Biconditionals:
Authors: Markovich Réka
Published: February 2025

Using the notion of correlativity in the Hohfeldian system of rights we not just gain a better understanding of legal relations, but we can identify and differentiate existing and non-existing rights and duties. One has to see clearly, though, who the agents are in these correlative pairs and dissociate them from the State. Using SDL with an iterable and agent-indexed STIT operator we can outline the characteristics of the relations while clearly separating these roles.
A Realtime Associative Computing System for Interactive Information Exchange in a Multi-database Environment
Authors: Tsunoda Fuminori  , Kiyoki Yasushi
Published: February 2025

A multi-database environment is commonly important for creating new values by integrating heterogeneous data resources. We have designed a realtime association computing system for interactive information exchange among multi-databases. The metadatabase system organized to measure a relationship of interactive data and define a feedback control output to a system. In this paper, we present the applicability of this method to a multidatabase on railway information. We show several experimental results which have been obtained by associative computing for two different databases as a multidatabase environment. By those results, we clarify the effectiveness of the associative computing method in the actual multi-databases.
Formal Knowledge Framework for Software Processes Architecture
Authors: Košinár Michael Alexander  , Czopik Jan  , Štolfa Jakub
Published: February 2025

Last decades have introduced different improvements into software process modeling yet none has proven itself as a silver bullet; software development community has proposed various solutions from rigid prescriptive processes to agile methods, in the end, however, every good software process implementation require process modeling that can be used for different purposes like process auditing, analysis, and evaluation. This paper discusses application of explicit knowledge profiles based on process meta-model within software process modeling, alignment with visual process modeling, and further analysis with simulation and reverse engineering methods.
Model Driven ActiveRecord with yEd
Authors: Sedlmeier Matthias  , Gogolla Martin
Published: February 2025

Since its release in 2004, Ruby on Rails has evolved into a widely used full stack model-view-controller (MVC) framework. But despite the fact, that Rails (short for Ruby on Rails) is also used for developing enterprise-scale applications like Github or scientific tools like QTREDS, there is no official support for graphical modelling. This paper introduces a proposal to fill this gap by suggesting a model driven approach using the free yEd diagram editor as well as a specifically developed transformation tool and ER dialect. The implementation is based on the Rails data abstraction layer ActiveRecord and its provided domain specific languages.
Efficient Differential Evolution Based on Evolutional Information Matrix
Authors: Zhu Li-Li  , Xu Hua  , Wang Ai-Fen
Published: February 2025

Differential evolution (DE) is a population-based algorithm which has been widely-used in various science and engineering fields. Much recent attention has aimed to improve the DE global convergence by altering the control parameters CR and F. However, the structure and implementation of DEs has become increasingly more complicated. This paper investigated a more efficient and simple differential evolution algorithm based on an evolutional information matrix (EMDE). An evolutional information matrix which includes crossover and mutation amplitude information is proposed. Additionally, the EMDE algorithm uses a memory population generated by a previous population to control the population search direction. Experimental results based on 12 standard benchmarks indicate that the EMDE algorithm outperforms other comparable DE variants.
Bilingual Sentiment Detection – Investigating Impact of Tweet Translation
Authors: Kaur Wandeep  , Balakrishnan Vimala
Published: February 2025

This paper looks at how translating tweets from Malay to English may impact its sentiment score, and if at all the score can be improved in case a tweet is translated compared to just translating the keywords. Tweets written in Malay were translated using an online dictionary before proceeding for analysis. An online sentiment analysis tool, Twinword was used to perform the sentiment analysis on both translated and untranslated tweets. The results of the analysis showed translating tweets did not create a significant impact on the overall sentiment score; therefore translating the whole length of the tweet would not affect the accuracy score.
Application of Zero Exclusion Condition to Stability Analysis of Computer Networks
Authors: Mizera-Pietraszko Jolanta  , Tancula Jolanta
Published: February 2025

Stability, or robust 𝒟-stability analysis of computer network considered as a dynamic system, relies on increasing the speed of data transmission while minimizing the queuing time delays of its packets in the router buffers that can affect the overall data flow of the network traffic. We consider a zero exclusion condition as an effective method for testing and analyzing the computer networks stability. Our findings indicate that keeping control over the queuing time delays as well as including some factors of the RED algorithm and its variants, which we present in this paper, can improve the quality of network services significantly. Our method can be applicable both to single-loop and multi-loop network systems.
Sustaining the growth of library scholarly publishing
Authors: Stone Graham
Published: February 2025

In 2012, the University of Huddersfield Press presented a paper at the 16th International Conference on Electronic Publishing on its new open access journals platform. At the time, the Press was one of the only New University Presses (NUP) in the UK and one of the first to publish open access journals, open access monographs and sound recordings. This paper will develop Hahn's programme and publication level business plan and relate this to the sustainability of the Press. It will demonstrate how the Press has been able to show value to the University in order to secure funding. The paper will conclude with a discussion around the need for collaboration between library led NUPs.
Probabilistic settlement analysis of rectangular footings
Authors: Griffiths D.V.  , Fenton G.A.
Published: February 2025

By modeling soil as a three-dimensional spatially random material, the reliability of shallow rectangular footings against serviceability limit state failure in the form of excessive settlement can be estimated. The methodology to be used is the 3-d random finite element method (RFEM) which combines finite element analysis with random field theory, where the mean, the standard deviation and the spatial correlation length of the modulus of the underlying soil can be controlled through the input data. The study starts by comparing settlements of rectangular footings against classical solutions for homogeneous deposits and then goes on to investigate the influence of footing aspect ratio on probabilistic settlements. Of particular interest is the relationship between the rectangular footing dimensions and the spatial correlation length of the underlying soil. The results of the studies are presented in probabilistic form, where for given statistics of soil input parameters, the probability of footing settlement exceeding a design criterion is assessed. Earlier studies on adjacent square footings indicated that distributions of settlements and differential settlements can be predicted using the geometric average of the underlying elastic soil modulus field. The current work on rectangular footings represents a further step towards developing a general probabilistic design framework for assessing settlements of shallow footings.
Prediction and performance for the foundation of a 40-storied tower in Tenerife Island
Authors: Justo J.L.  , de Justo E.  , Durand P.
Published: February 2025

A tower, 114.2 m high, has been successfully ended at Tenerife Island. The ground is mainly made up of fractured and weathered lava flows, alternating with scoria, which present cavities of variable size. The installation of rod extensometers at different depths below the foundation slab and clinometers has permitted a comparison between measured and calculated displacements, and the estimate of in situ moduli. A first class prediction (before construction) has allowed establishment of an upper and a lower limit for the settlements of the tower slab. The measured settlement is near the geometric mean of these values.
Three examples of using artificial neural networks in geotechnical engineering
Authors: Koelewijn A.R.  , Maccabiani J.
Published: February 2025

The application of artificial neural networks to geotechnical engineering gives new opportunities to learn from experience and to increase efficiency. This is shown by three examples. In the first example the automatic derivation of improved correlations between parameters of different models is shown. In the second example information from poor field data is extracted, resulting in a reliable prediction when combined with basic expert knowledge. The third example shows how artificial neural networks can be used to improve design and to enable new applications.
Parametric study of the stability of slopes reinforced with piles
Authors: Bellezza I.  , Pasqualini E.
Published: February 2025

This paper analyses the stability of a two-layers slope reinforced with a row of piles. The theory of Poulos (1973, 1995) is used to evaluate the pile response to a uniform lateral free-field displacement. A parametric study is carried out in terms of the ratio between the safety factor of the reinforced slope to the safety factor of the slope without piles, by varying geometric and mechanical dimensionless factors. For different shear strength of the soil a range of pile position is found, at which the piles offer the maximum contribution to slope stability. The length of piles is found to slightly influence the safety factor. The results also indicate that the critical slip surfaces do not always intersect the piles and that the thickness of the shallow layer can significantly influence the effectiveness of the passive piles.
Influence of reinforcing grids on soil properties
Authors: Mulabdic M.  , Minazek K.  , Mrackovski D.
Published: February 2025

A new large pullout-testing device has been developed and specially instrumented for characterisation of interaction between soil and geosynthetic in a pullout box by measuring wave velocity in the soil around the geosynthetic, before and at stops during pullout procedure. The paper presents some results of investigation carried out on two grids in two types of gravel, in terms of E modulus deve loped in the soil around the grid, under different vertical stresses. There is no significant influence of the grid on E value compared to non-reinforced soil, when state after compaction is tested. It is expected that after some displacement during pullout process E values might differ more, and that is next step in the research program.
Les fondations du 2
Authors: Bustamante M.  , Bourgeois E.  , Gianeselli L.  , De Justo J.-L.
Published: February 2025

L'amélioration des dessertes de l'Ile de France a conduit la SNCF à envisager la construction d'un deuxième pont à Argenteuil, implanté à proximité immédiate du pont construit par Haussmann en 1864. Le tracé du nouvel ouvrage intéresse des formations à risques (Marnes et Caillasses, Gypses). La solution initiale de pieux forés a été abandonnée au profit de micropieux à très haute portance (6 MN). On rapporte les résultats d'essai de chargement sur micropieu instrumenté et les observations effectuées lors de la construction des micropieux sur la première pile.
Underpinning of foundations in collapsing soils
Authors: Compagnucci Juan Pedro
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an underpinning method with permanent fixation hydraulic pats. The function of this system is to preload the construction simultaneously on several points. It is necessary to drill holes in the shoes for installing bored piles as a basement.
Numerical simulation of use of lightweight fill in construction of embankment on Soft peaty clays
Authors: Kulathilaka S.A.S.  , Muhunthan A.
Published: February 2025

Lands underlain by very soft peaty clays are widely distributed in an around the capital city of Colombo. Peaty clays are with high natural water content and are very problematic due to their very low shear strength and very high compressibility. Special construction techniques or various ground improvement methods are to be used when constructions are done on peaty clays. In this study, a construction process with the use of lightweight fill materials is proposed for construction of road embankments on soft peaty clays. Lightweight fills were developed using locally available low cost materials. The proposed construction process was numerically simulated using the SAGE CRISP package to check its effectiveness. The results of the analysis indicated that the developed lightweight fill materials could be very effectively used to reduce the in-service settlement and construction period of the road embankment.
FEM analysis of road embankment on consolidating subsoil influenced by mining deformation
Authors: Sternik K.
Published: February 2025

During construction of motorway's embankment geodetic monitoring was performed to investigate subsidence of embankment's ground as well as mining deformations occurring in surrounding area. Back analysis of these measurements, making use of finite element method, allowed for determination of ground's parameters and evaluation of time of settlement termination. The time of ground's consolidation determines the starting moment of pavement's construction.
Les polymères: Application au forage des pieux de grands diamètres
Authors: Bustamante M.  , Boato R.
Published: February 2025

La présente communication décrit les performances de polymères utilisés pour réaliser un grand nombre de pieux forés, de diamètres compris entre 1,2 et 2,2 m et de longueurs atteignant 40 à 75 m, sur trois sites particuliers: à Taïwan, au Bénin et en Guinée-Bissau. Les pieux devaient traverser des sols souvent pulvérulents. La mise en oeuvre des pieux définitifs a été précédée par la réalisation d'essais de faisabilité et de chargements sur fûts instrumentés avec cellules Osterberg. Les auteurs rapportent l'ensemble des mesures et observations effectuées sur les trois sites, soulignant les limites et les avantages présentés par les polymères.
Effects of actions due to group effect on the superstructure on pile groups
Authors: Kempfert H.-G.  , Rudolf M.
Published: February 2025

An approach based on design charts for the effects of actions due to group effects on the superstructure on pile groups is presented. Therefor an extensive numerical paramtetric study was carried out. A description of the numerical model and comparisons with field load tests and theoretical results are presented. The proposed computer-independent approach is a simplified analytical approach for practical cases to predict the average settlement of a pile group and the different pile resistances including the consideration of non-linear pile behaviour. Finally, a design example is illustrated in order to demonstrate the applicability of this approach.
Development and application of the large-diameter driven cast-in-place concrete thin-wall pipe pile
Authors: Liu Han-long  , Fei Kang  , Xu Xiang-tao
Published: February 2025

A new form of driven Cast-in-place Concrete thin-wall Pipe pile (referred as PCC pile) developed independently by GeoHohai has recently been patented in China. PCC piles are rapidly increasing in popularity as one of the most cost-effective soft ground improvement techniques in China since its first application. This paper tells the story of PCC pile development in the aspects of the technique principles, the soil improvement mechanisms, the proprietary construction equipment and technology, and integrity testing methods, and its field application in an expressway foundation improvement project in Shanghai, China. The field study has demonstrated that PCC pile composite foundation is a cost-effective way to enhance ground bearing capacity and reduce settlement. Compared with traditional piling practice, the paper concludes with the statement on the potential application value of PCC pile with regard to other traditional piling techniques as being high bearing capacity, easily controlled and reliable quality and low construction cost.
Assessment on potential utilization of Ariake clay as a landfill barrier material
Authors: Du Y.J.  , Hayashi S.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an investigation on the potential utilization of Ariake clay from Kyushu of Japan as a landfill barrier material in landfills. Two heavy metals, Cd2+and Pb2+were selected as key contaminants. A series of batch tests were performed to investigate the effects of solid-solution contact time, solid: solution ratio and pH of solution on the sorption of two heavy metals on the Ariake clay. The batch tests results show that along the three investigated factors, the solid: solution ratio seems to be the crucial factor that controls the sorption of Cd2+. A laboratory diffusion test was perfomed and the effective diffusion coefficients and partition coefficients of Cd2+and Pb2+were back-calcuated using a availably commerical program. The back-calculated partition coefficient of Cd2+from advection-diffusion test was found to have a value close to the one derived from the batch test at the soil: solution ratio of 1: 1.3. This result again announces the importance of selecting a proper solid: solution ratio to performing a batch test to determine sorption parameters. The diffusion test shows that the Cd2+and Pb were highly retained on the Ariake clay specimen indicating that Ariake clay may be used as a good barrier material to attenuate heavy metals in landfills.
Durability assessment of a confinement cut-off wall for a phosphogypsum landfill
Authors: Fratalocchi E.  , Pasqualini E.  , Balboni P.  , Mozzi R.
Published: February 2025

An experimental investigation on the interaction between a contaminant and cement-bentonite mixtures is described and discussed. The best mixture had to be selected to construct a self-hardening cut-off wall to isolate a hazardous waste landfill. The contaminant (i.e. the landfill leachate) is a very acidic inorganic solution which could adversely affect the hydraulic performance of cement mixtures. Immersion and permeation tests were performed to investigate the mixture performance under very aggressive environmental conditions in order to accelerate the effects of chemical reactions. The results of the tests are discussed, showing that the mixture-leachate interaction does not result in a worsen hydraulic performance. An assessment of the durability of the mixture is given.
Biodegradation and transport of phenols through compacted clay liners: experiments and modeling
Authors: Rabozzi C.  , Manassero M.
Published: February 2025

The one-dimensional transport of phenolic contaminants through compacted clay liners has been simulated in this study using the advection-dispersion equation form which includes the biodegradation sink term. Laboratory tests were performed in order to evaluate the transport parameters of phenolic compounds through compacted clay samples. An appropriate numerical solution of the advection dispersion transport equation was then developed for the interpretation of the laboratory test results. The adopted numerical model is able to consider two different kinds of degradation kinetics and the appropriate boundary conditions for the laboratory equipment used in the test program.
Determination of hydrodynamical dispersion factors at the laboratory scale
Authors: Conde P.  , Frippiat C.  , Holeyman A.
Published: February 2025

A new laboratory method has been developed to simultaneously determine longitudinal and transversal dispersivities at small scale. A column system, classically used to determine longitudinal dispersivity, has been adapted by dividing the inlet and outlet flasks into three independent concentric zones. Step variations in concentration are performed in the central inlet zone. Time evolution of concentrations in the three outlet zones is measured using electrical sensors. Slope of the S-shaped curves is representative of the longitudinal dispersivity, while final constant concentration levels in each of the concentric zones are mainly affected by transversal dispersivity. Results obtained with hand-compacted Brusselean sand samples of 11 centimeters long are presented in this paper.
Soil water coupled analysis of land subsidence due to dewatering
Authors: Kaneda K.  , Matsuo M.
Published: February 2025

A series of one dimensional numerical simulations of land subsidence due to dewatering were performed based on the soil-water coupled finite deformation analysis. The following findings were obtained: 1) when dewatering exceeds a certain level, delayed consolidation with huge settlement is observed, which is concluded as the results of plastic softening of soils with plastic volume compression that occurs below the critical state line in p'-q stress space. 2) After the land subsidence, that ground may be fragile against the additional applied load because of the disturbance of soil skeleton structure. 3) When one dimensional multi-layered system is the case, delayed compression/consolidation of lower layers may occur even after the finish of the settlement of upper layers. This is due to the delay of propagation of the increase of effective stress that occurs due to dewatering.
Runout distance of gravitative debris flow
Authors: Law K.T.  , Paudel B.P.
Published: February 2025

The study in this research consists of a review of two case studies of landslides in natural terrain, parametric study, and a comparison of the computed and observed runout distances of a cluster of landslides. The study leads to the following conclusions. (1) The runout distance increases with the decrease of the angle of friction mobilized or with the increase in the natural terrain inclination. (2) When the natural terrain inclination is approaching the mobilized friction angle, the runout distance is independent of the initial landslide height and is dependent on the natural terrain inclination and debris characteristics. (3) The results of the parametric study have been compared to the observed runout distance of 28 debris flows and reasonable agreement has been obtained.
Two examples of clay slope stability in areas affected by previous man-made activity – open pit mines, landfills
Authors: Vaníček I.  , Záleský J.  , Lamboj L.  , Kurka J.
Published: February 2025

North part of the Czech Republic was strongly affected by previous industrial activity, mostly connected with excavation and utilization of brown coal from tertiary area. Huge amount of tertiary clays which overlays this brown coal was removed from the original place and deposited on the other one. Slope stability problems are connected with side slopes of the large pits and with stability of spoil heaps, very often when additionally loaded.
Strengthening the foundations of the main building of Tartu University, Estonia
Authors: Avellan K.  , Maanas M.  , Jaaniso V.
Published: February 2025

Strengthening the foundations of the historical Tartu University main building took place in 1995 and was completed in 1996. The work was the second state of the whole strengthening project and covered the central part of the building. The northern part of the building had been strengthened earlier by the end of 1977. The strengthening work was carried out by method of underpinning, using jacked piles. Steel tube piles were jacked down under the structure, using the structure itself as counterweight. Reinforced concrete beams were constructed on both sides of the thick external wall of the main entrance. The concrete beams were pressed with posttensioned anchorage against the structure before piling. Inside the building massive pillars were supported by steel beams and jacked piles. A field load test was performed on each pile and the rate of settlements was measured. Archeological diggings were carried out side by side during the strengt hening work.
On risk management in large infrastructure projects
Authors: Carlsson M.  , Hintze S.  , Stille H.
Published: February 2025

Large infrastructure projects are in general unique as the conditions and demands vary from one project to another. Furthermore,these projects are often related to risks of different nature due to high technological level, high environmental, public and political focus, long lead and project times, large and complex organizations, complex contracts etc. This paper aims to give some guideline show to perform a successful management of risks in a large infrastructure project. The main conclusion is that the key to a successful risk management in a large infrastructure projects is early planning and a strict and continuous execution during the entire life-cycle of the project. Good planning and control of the risks enable an organized, comprehensive and iterative approach for identifying and evaluating the risks and give handling options necessary to optimize the project strategy. The management of risks should be per-formed as early as possible in the life-cycle of a project in order to ensure that critical risks are incorporated into the project plan and addressed with mitigation actions.
Probabilistic design of anchored sheet pile wall
Authors: Low B.K.
Published: February 2025

Several geotechnical design approaches have gained importance in recent years, including the Limit State Design approach of Eurocode 7, and the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) approach in North America. Researchers have also tried to link the first order reliability method (FORM) with Eurocode 7 and LRFD, via partial factors based on calibration studies of FORM. However, a more flexible approach is to perform the design directly based on FORM, without the intermediary stage of calibrating partial factors. This paper describes a practical and relatively transparent reliability-based design procedure using anchored sheet pile wall as example. The procedure obtains the same solutions as the Hasofer-Lind method and FORM, but in a much simpler and direct manner. Specifically, the embedment depth of an anchored sheet pile wall will be determined. The uncertainties of the soil properties and dredge level will be modelled. The reliability-based design approach can reflect parametric sensitivities from case to case; its advantages over design based on specified partial factors will be discussed.
Geotechnical reliability analyses: towards development of some user-friendly tools
Authors: Phoon K.K.  , Honjo Y.
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses two powerful and yet user-friendly reliability techniques that could be implemented on the PC easily by practitioners. The techniques are representation of non-Gaussian random variables using Hermite polynomials and subset Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. It is believed that ease of implementation would popularize use of reliability-based design in practice.
Administrative report: TC 9 – Earth reinforcement
Authors: Ochiai H.  , Otani J.
Published: February 2025

The general objective of TC-9 in the period 2001-2005 was to focus on the use of full range of developed and new/novel techniques including geosynthetics, nailing, and other methods for ground reinforcement using artificial material placed in the soil. And co-operation with TC-17 was required. Under these guidelines, not only TC-9 meetings but also the organizing sessions have been done whenever the related international symposia/conferences were held. The joint activities with TC-17 were also examined. A starting activity was the International Symposium on Earth Reinforcement (IS Kyushu 2001), which was held on November 14–16, 2001 in Fukuoka, Japan under the joint-auspices of the Japanese Geotechnical Society and the TC-9. Here in this report, the activities by TC-9 during this period are summarized. On the basis of these activities, the future prospects of TC-9 including theme and activities are also presented.
Unravelling the anisotropy of peat
Authors: Zwanenburg Cor  , Barends Frans B.J.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a study on the origin of anisotropy in stiffness of peat encountered in triaxial cell tests. It is shown that anisotropy affects the effective stress path in an undrained triaxial cell test. Due to the fibrous nature of peat a difference in stiffness is to be expected in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the fibres. A vertical load on a sample leads to an increase in pore pressure causing a decrease in radial effective stress and therefore to a radial unloading. Tests on non pre-loaded samples show that the difference in loading and unloading stiffness also plays an important role in the anisotropy encountered in standard triaxial tests. A significant axial pre-loading increases the rate of anisotropy considerably. The difference in anisotropy found in triaxial tests retrieved at different locations and different loading conditions can be explained by radial pre-stressing of the fibres.
Shear characteristics of an unsaturated compacted granite soil
Authors: Chae Young-Su  , Kim Chan-Kee  , Lee Kang-Il  , Kim Tae-Hoon
Published: February 2025

A series of triaxial compression tests were performed on the samples of compacted granite soil in the modified triaxial cell that can control pore air pressure (Ua) and pore water pressure (Uw) separately in order to examine the characteristics of pore pressure, volume change, and stress-strain behavior during the drained and undrained loading conditions. Triaxial samples of unsaturated compacted granite soil, which have dimensions 50mm diameter and 100mm height, were prepared by compaction in a mould. These samples were tested at 3 different suction values (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 kgf/cm2), and at 3 different confining stresses (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 kgf/cm2). Results showed a tendency to increase only effective cohesion without variation of friction angle according to matric suction.
Effects of shear stress history on yielding of dense Toyoura sand in p'-constant shear plane
Authors: Kuwano J.  , Nakada T.
Published: February 2025

Effects of shear stress history on yielding characteristics of dense Toyoura sand are investigated. The yielding behavior in p'-constant plane is characterized, especially at small strain level, by introducing two sub yield surfaces Y1and Y2inside the conventional large-scale yield surface, Y3.