bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizing vocational rehabilitation through interorganizational integration—a case study in Sweden
Authors: Wihlman Ulla , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Holmström Inger , Axelsson Runo
Published: October 2010

This study describes and analysis five years of experiences from organising an interorganisational project on vocational rehabilitation. A qualitative case study approach was used based on interviews, focus group discussions and documents. The aim was to analyse how and why the project was organised in the way it was in relation to theories of integration, organisational change and learning. The results show that the vocational rehabilitation project was initiated mainly for financial reasons. It was organised as a mechanistic system with the aim of producing different activities, where financial control and support from all the levels of the organisations involved was important. A new bureaucracy between the different authorities involved was built up, where the vertical (top‐down) integration was more important than the horizontal. The result was scattered islands of interprofessional work in different teams, but without contacts between them. The project did not influence the processes or workflows of the organisations involved in the project, which would be important from a service‐user perspective. It may therefore be questionnable to organise the development of interorganisational integration for vocational rehabilitation in a separate project organisation. Instead, interorganisational networks with focus on interconnections of processes and workflows may be more flexible and adaptable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of new spectral reflectance indices for the detection of lichens and mosses moisture content in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada
Authors: Neta T. , Cheng Q. , Bello R. L. , Hu B.
Published: October 2010

Assessing moisture contents of lichens and mosses using ground‐based high‐spectral resolution spectrometers offers immense opportunities for a comprehensive monitoring of peatland moisture status by satellite/airborne imagery. This study investigates the impact of various moisture conditions of the lichens Cladina stellaris and Cladina rangiferina, and the mosses Dicranum elongatum and Tomenthypnum nitens on the spectral signatures obtained. Reflectance and moisture content measurements of these species were made in a laboratory setting, while maintaining the natural moisture conditions of the samples; once the moisture and spectral measurements were complete, the samples were returned to the field and placed in their natural setting, continuously receiving moisture from precipitation and groundwater and losing water through evaporation and drainage. Previously, we correlated the present spectral indices with the moisture contents of the above species, whereas the current study developed new species‐specific indices to improve the detection of the plants' moisture contents. The relationship between the plants' moisture content and the water table position was examined as well. It was found that the lichens are not responsive to variations in the water table position, whereas the mosses, specifically D. elongatum, are quite sensitive to changes in the water table position. Thus, the use of the mosses spectral indices may contribute to an indirect evaluation of the water table position. Overall, the results suggest that the unique spectral signatures of the above species can be detected by satellite and airborne imagery, whereas the mosses, can be used as indicators of peatlands moisture status. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable poly(α‐hydroxy ester) blended microspheres as suitable carriers for retinal pigment epithelium cell transplantation
Authors: Thomson H. A. , Treharne A. J. , Backholer L. S. , Cuda F. , Grossel M. C. , Lotery A. J.
Published: October 2010

Five blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) with poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) were used to prepare microcarriers by a solvent evaporation technique. Microcarriers were evaluated as suitable scaffolds to facilitate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell transplantation. The blend ratios were 90:10, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 10:90 (PLLA:PLGA). Samples of each microcarrier blend were coated with an extracellular matrix protein. Coated and uncoated microcarriers were seeded with a human RPE cell line. As the lactide unit content increased the size of microcarriers generally became larger and the surface more irregular. Cells remained proliferative and retained phenotype as confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Blends rich in PLLA were superior for maintenance of RPE cell viability. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of using microcarriers as a vehicle for retinal cell transplantation for ocular disease. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
The role of complement C3 and fibrinogen in monocyte adhesion to PEO‐like plasma deposited tetraglyme
Authors: Szott Luisa M. , Horbett Thomas A.
Published: October 2010

The role of complement C3 in mediating adhesion of monocytes to plasma deposited tetraglyme surfaces was studied. Although fibrinogen (Fg) is usually considered the main factor in mediating phagocyte attachment, plasma deposited PEO‐like tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme) coatings that have ultra‐low Fg adsorption (<10 ng cm−2) from low concentration solutions and low monocyte adhesion in vitro still show high phagocyte adhesion after short implantations and later become encapsulated when tested in vivo. To test whether higher Fg adsorption under in vivo conditions could explain the higher in vivo reactivity, we again measured the resistance of tetraglyme films to Fg adsorption. We found a surprising and previously unreported increased amount of adsorbed Fg on tetraglyme surfaces from higher concentration protein solutions. However, monocyte adhesion to tetraglyme did not markedly increase despite the increased Fg adsorption. We thus suspected proteins other than Fg must be responsible for the increased in vivo reactivity. We found that on tetraglyme preadsorbed with C3‐depleted serum, monocyte adhesion was greatly reduced as compared to samples adsorbed with normal serum. Addition of exogenous pure C3 to the serum used to preadsorb the surfaces restored monocyte adhesion to tetraglyme coatings. While Fg clearly plays an important role in mediating monocyte adhesion to tetraglyme surfaces, the results show an additional role for adsorbed C3 in monocyte adhesion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Growth and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells on biodegradable polymer scaffolds: An in vitro study
Authors: Xue Ying , Dånmark Staffan , Xing Zhe , Arvidson Kristina , Albertsson Ann‐Christine , Hellem Sølve , Finne‐Wistrand Anna , Mustafa Kamal
Published: October 2010

A fundamental component of bone tissue engineering is an appropriate scaffold as a carrier for osteogenic cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the response of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to scaffolds made of three biodegradable polymers: poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (poly(LLA‐co‐CL)), poly(L‐lactide‐co‐1,5dioxepan‐2‐one) (poly(LLA‐co‐DXO)), and poly(L‐lactide) (poly(LLA)). Cellular response was evaluated in terms of attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. SEM disclosed earlier cell attachment and better spreading on poly(LLA‐co‐CL) and poly(LLA‐co‐DXO) scaffolds than on poly(LLA) after 1 h. At 24 h and 14 days postseeding, BMSCs had spread well, forming multiple cellular layers on the scaffolds. Cell proliferation was higher on poly(LLA‐co‐CL) and on poly(LLA‐co‐DXO) than on poly(LLA) after 1 and 7 days. Cell growth cycles of BMSC were longer on the scaffolds than on coverslips. After 7 and 14 days cultivation on scaffolds, the expression of osteogenic markers such as ALP, Col I, OPN, and Runx2 were stimulated by BMSC, which indicating that poly(LLA‐co‐DXO), poly(LLA‐co‐CL), and poly(LLA) could support the osteogenic differentiation of BMSC in vitro. Poly(LLA‐co‐CL) and poly(LLA‐co‐DXO) promoted better attachment and growth of BMSC than poly(LLA). BMSC also retained their osteogenic differentiation potential, indicating biological activity of BMSC on the scaffolds. The promising results of this in vitro study indicate that these copolymers warrant further evaluation for potential application in bone tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells onto highly adherent radio frequency‐sputtered carbonated hydroxylapatite thin films
Authors: Sima Livia E. , Stan George E. , Morosanu Constantin O. , Melinescu Alina , Ianculescu Adelina , Melinte Razvan , Neamtu Johny , Petrescu Stefana M.
Published: October 2010

In this work, an improved version of the radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RF‐MS) technique was used to prepare highly adherent B‐type carbonated hydroxylapatite (B‐CHA) thin films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction studies proved that the coatings maintained the composition and revealed the polycrystalline structure of HA. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the CHA films are rough and exhibit a homogeneous microstructure. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping demonstrated a uniform distribution of the Ca and P cations while a Ca/P ratio of 1.8 was found. In addition, the FTIR experiments showed a remarkable reproducibility of the nanostructures. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs),in vitrodifferentiated osteoblasts, and explanted bone cells were grown over the surface of CHA coatings for periods between a few hours and 21 days. Osteoprogenitor cells maintained viability and characteristic morphology after adhesion on CHA coatings. Ki67‐positive osteoblasts were the evidence of cell proliferation events. Cells showed positive staining for markers of osteoblast phenotype such as collagen type I, bone sialoprotein and osteonectin. Our data showed the formation of mineralized foci by differentiation of hMSCs to human primary osteoblasts after cultivation in osteogenic media on RF‐sputtered films. The results demonstrate the capacity of B‐type CHA coating to support MSCs adhesion and osteogenic differentiation ability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3α/β inhibition promotes in vivo amplification of endogenous mesenchymal progenitors with osteogenic and adipogenic potential and their differentiation to the osteogenic lineage
Authors: Gambardella Alessandra , Nagaraju Chandan K , O'Shea Patrick J , Mohanty Sindhu T , Kottam Lucksy , Pilling James , Sullivan Michael , Djerbi Mounira , Koopmann Witte , Croucher Peter I , Bellantuono Ilaria
Published: October 2010

Small molecules are attractive therapeutics to amplify and direct differentiation of stem cells. They also can be used to understand the regulation of their fate by interfering with specific signaling pathways. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into several cell types, including osteoblasts. Activation of canonical Wnt signaling by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) has been shown to enhance bone mass, possibly by involving a number of mechanisms ranging from amplification of the mesenchymal stem cell pool to the commitment and differentiation of osteoblasts. Here we have used a highly specific novel inhibitor of GSK-3, AR28, capable of inducing β-catenin nuclear translocation and enhanced bone mass after 14 days of treatment in BALB/c mice. We have shown a temporally regulated increase in the number of colony-forming units–osteoblast (CFU-O) and –adipocyte (CFU-A) but not colony-forming units–fibroblast (CFU-F) in mice treated for 3 days. However, the number of CFU-O and CFU-A returned to normal levels after 14 days of treatment, and the number of CFU-F was decreased significantly. In contrast, the number of osteoblasts increased significantly only after 14 days of treatment, and this was seen together with a significant decrease in bone marrow adiposity. These data suggest that the increased bone mass is the result of an early temporal wave of amplification of a subpopulation of MSCs with both osteogenic and adipogenic potential, which is driven to osteoblast differentiation at the expense of adipogenesis. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Rab27a and Rab27b are involved in stimulation-dependent RANKL release from secretory lysosomes in osteoblastic cells
Authors: Kariya Yoshiaki , Honma Masashi , Hanamura Akiko , Aoki Shigeki , Ninomiya Tadashi , Nakamichi Yuko , Udagawa Nobuyuki , Suzuki Hiroshi
Published: October 2010

The quantity of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expressed at the cell surface of osteoblastic cells is an important factor regulating osteoclast activation. Previously, RANKL was found to be localized to secretory lysosomes in osteoblastic cells and to translocate to the cell surface in response to stimulation with RANK-Fc-conjugated beads. However, the in vivo significance of stimulation-dependent RANKL release has not been elucidated. In this study we show that small GTPases Rab27a and Rab27b are involved in the stimulation-dependent RANKL release pathway in osteoblastic cells. Suppression of either Rab27a or Rab27b resulted in a marked reduction in RANKL release after stimulation. Slp4-a, Slp5, and Munc13-4 acted as effector molecules that coordinated Rab27a/b activity in this pathway. Suppression of Rab27a/b or these effector molecules did not inhibit accumulation of RANKL in lysosomal vesicles around the stimulated sites but did inhibit the fusion of these vesicles to the plasma membrane. In osteoblastic cells, suppression of the effector molecules resulted in reduced osteoclastogenic ability. Furthermore, Jinx mice, which lack a functional Munc13-4 gene, exhibited a phenotype characterized by increased bone volume near the tibial metaphysis caused by low bone resorptive activity. In conclusion, stimulation-dependent RANKL release is mediated by Rab27a/b and their effector molecules, and this mechanism may be important for osteoclast activation in vivo. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Blockade of receptor-activated Gi signaling in osteoblasts in vivo leads to site-specific increases in cortical and cancellous bone formation
Authors: Millard Susan M , Louie Alyssa M , Wattanachanya Lalita , Wronski Thomas J , Conklin Bruce R , Nissenson Robert A
Published: October 2010

Osteoblasts play a critical role in the maintenance of bone mass through bone formation and regulation of bone resorption. Targeted expression of a constitutively active engineered Gi-coupled G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) to osteoblasts in vivo leads to severe osteopenia. However, little is known about the role of endogenous receptor-mediated Gi signaling in regulating osteoblast function. In this study, we investigated the skeletal effects of blocking Gi-coupled signaling in osteoblasts in vivo. This was accomplished by transgenic expression of the catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin (PTX) under control of the collagen Iα 2.3-kb promoter. These mice, designated Col1(2.3)+/PTX+, showed increased cortical thickness at the femoral midshaft at 12 weeks of age. This correlated with increased periosteal bone formation associated with expanded mineralizing surface observed in 8-week-old mice of both genders. The cancellous bone phenotype of the Col1(2.3)+/PTX+ mice was sexually dimorphic, with increases in fractional bone volume at the distal femur seen only in females. Similarly, while cancellous bone-formation rates were unchanged in males, they could not be quantified for female Col1(2.3)+/PTX+ mice owing to the disorganized nature of the labeling pattern, which was consistent with rapid formation of woven bone. Alterations in osteoclast activity did not appear to participate in the phenotype. These data demonstrate that Gi-coupled signaling by GPCRs endogenous to osteoblasts plays a complex role in the regulation of bone formation in a manner that is dependent on both gender and the anatomic site within bone. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Imaginative, dissociative, and schizotypal processes in obsessive‐compulsive symptoms
Authors: Aardema Frederick , Wu Kevin D.
Published: October 2010

This study investigates imaginative, dissociative, and schizotypal processes that are potentially relevant to obsessive‐compulsive (OC) symptoms. Students (n = 377) completed questionnaires that assessed inferential confusion, absorption, schizotypal personality, and other domains. Hierarchical regression revealed that inferential confusion and absorption were the most consistent predictors of OC symptoms; other content predicted variance for specific OC symptoms. For example, schizotypal personality predicted checking and hoarding symptoms, but not cleanliness or ordering rituals. Immersive tendencies predicted cleanliness and hoarding but not checking or ordering rituals. Results are consistent with an inference‐based model of OC, in which an overreliance on imagination during reasoning gives rise to experiences that are inconsistent with reality. This study suggests additional domains that may help explain why intrusive thoughts become obsessions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–8, 2010.
Determining readiness for predoctoral internship training: the process of developing a screening measure
Authors: Power Thomas J. , Robins Paul M. , Watkins Marley W. , Rourke Mary T. , Alderfer Melissa A.
Published: October 2010

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the development of a screening measure to assess readiness for psychology internship training. The screening measure was comprised 13 items rated on a 4‐point scale. Two program faculty members reviewed the application of each candidate independently. Psychologists were arbitrarily assigned to belong to reviewer group 1 or 2. Data from group 1 were subjected to exploratory factor analysis; data from group 2 were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Two factors were identified and confirmed: Factor I comprised 6 items referring to core competencies, and Factor II comprised 4 items referring to relevant background experiences. Correlations between raters at the factor and item level generally were in the moderate range. This study illustrates the process of developing a screening measure to help determine readiness for internship training. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–6, 2010.
Ultrastructural aspects of lingual papillae in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
Authors: Branco Erika , Guimarães Juliana Plácido , Miglino Maria Angelica , Lacreta Antǒnio Carlos Cunha , Ishizaki Mirian Naomi , Gomes Bruno Duarte , Muniz José Augusto Pereira Carneiro , Imbeloni Aline , Fioretto Emerson Ticona , De Lima Ana Rita
Published: October 2010

Saimiri sciureus is one of the smallest Cebidae native of Amazon region and also found at the biological reserve of northeast Atlantic forest. It is an omnivore animal, with diversified diet that directly influences the lingual mucosa, which includes certain types of papillae with different organization levels. The present study attempted to describe the morphological and ultrastructure aspects of the dorsal surface of the S. sciureus. Five tongues of de S. sciureus were analyzed from three males and two females who died from natural causes and were obtained from breeding colonies of CENP‐Ananindeua‐PA. Main macroscopic features were a general triangular shape with a craniocaudal elongation pointed apex. Tissue samples—apex, body, and root of tongue—were fixed in modified Karnovsky solution, following standard scanning protocol, mounted in stubs, coated by gold, and analyzed by Scanning Electron Macroscopy (SEM). Four types of papillae were described: filiform (along all tissue extension with 154 μm of diameter), fungiform (along all tissue extension with 272 μm of diameter), vallate [just three units in caudal (dorsal) portion with 830 μm of diameter] and foliate (one pair at caudolateral surface with ∼13 projections and 3000 μm in length). Data analysis indicates that the distribution and ultra structural morphology of the S. sciureus lingual papillae are some similar to other primates. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in intracellular calcium concentration in crustacean (Callinectes sapidus) Y‐organs: relation to the hemolymphatic ecdysteroid titer
Authors: Chen Hsiang‐Yin , Watson R. Douglas
Published: October 2010

Secretion of ecdysteroid molting hormones by crustacean Y‐organs is negatively regulated (inhibited) by molt‐inhibiting hormone (MIH), a neuropeptide produced by neurosecretory cells in eyestalk ganglia. The inhibitory effect of MIH is mediated by one or more cyclic nucleotide second messengers. In addition, available data indicate that ecdysteroidogenesis is positively regulated (stimulated) by intracellular calcium. However, despite the apparent critical role of calcium in regulating ecdysteroidogenesis, the level of Ca2+ in Y‐organs cells has not been previously determined. In studies reported here, eyestalks were ablated from blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) to remove the endogenous source of MIH and activate Y‐organs. At 0, 3, 6, and 9 days after eyestalk ablation (D0, D3, D6, and D9, respectively), the level of Ca2+ in Y‐organ cells was determined using a fluorescent calcium indicator (Fluo‐4), and the hemolymphatic ecdysteroid titer was determined by radioimmunoassay. Calcium fluorescence in D6 Y‐organs was 3.5‐fold higher than that in D0 controls; calcium fluorescence in D9 Y‐organs was 3.9‐fold higher than in D0 controls (P<0.05). Measurement of fluorescence along a transect drawn through representative cells indicated that the calcium fluorescence was localized to cytoplasm and not to nuclei. Associated with the increase in intracellular Ca2+ was a significant increase in the hemolymphatic ecdysteroid titer: The level of ecdysteroids in hemolymph rose from 5.5 ng/mL on D0 to 49.6 ng/mL on D6 and 87.2 ng/mL on D9 (P<0.05). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that ecdysteroidogenesis is stimulated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+. J. Exp. Zool. 315:56–60, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐9 with proinflammatory cytokines in Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Nyati Kishan K. , Prasad Kashi N. , Verma Avantika , Paliwal Vimal K.
Published: October 2010

The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines in the pathogenesis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) largely remains unknown. We studied the role of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in disease progression and recovery of patients with GBS. Sixty‐five patients with GBS and 68 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β were analyzed by ELISA, and activities of MMPs were measured by zymography. Expression of MMP‐9, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β was higher in the progressive phase and lower in the recovery phase of GBS than in controls. A positive correlation of MMP‐2 with IL‐1β and MMP‐9 with TNF‐α and IL‐1β was observed with progressive‐phase GBS. The study shows that up‐regulation of MMP‐9 along with proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) in the early course appears to be associated with immune‐mediated disease progression resulting from inflammation in the peripheral nervous system, whereas, during the later phase, down‐regulation of MMP‐9 and proinflammatory cytokines is implicated in recovery from the disease. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of Dkk1 in bone mass regulation: Correlating serum Dkk1 expression with bone mineral density
Authors: Butler Joseph S. , Murray David W. , Hurson Conor J. , O'Brien Julie , Doran Peter P. , O'Byrne John M.
Published: October 2010

The Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is a major signaling cascade in bone biology, playing a key role in regulating bone development and remodeling, with aberrations in signaling resulting in disturbances in bone mass. The objectives of our study were to correlate serum Dkk1 expression with bone mineral density (BMD) and assess the potential role of Dkk1 as a serological marker of bone mass. Serum was collected from a cohort of patients (n = 36), 18 patients with a reduced BMD and 18 control patients. Serum Dkk1 expression as quantified by ELISA was correlated with lumbar and femoral t‐ and z‐scores. Serum Dkk1 concentration in the osteoporosis group was significantly higher than control group (941 ± 116 vs. 558 ± 47 pg/ml, p < 0.01). Serum Dkk1 expression was highly correlated with bone mass variables with inverse associations found between serum Dkk1 expression and lumbar t‐score (r = −0.34, p = 0.00433), lumbar z‐score (r = −0.22, p = 0.1907), femur t‐score (r = −0.42, p = 0.0101), and femur z‐score (r = −0.43, p = 0.0089). Our data further emphasizes the pivotal role played by Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in bone mass regulation. Dkk1, a powerful antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling, may have a role to play as a serological marker for disorders of bone mass, warranting further evaluation. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:414–418, 2011
The effects of irrigation and cultivation on the quality of desert soil in central Iran
Authors: Fallahzade J. , Hajabbasi M.A.
Published: October 2010

Cultivation of irrigated desert soils in Central Iran is one way of utilizing under‐exploited land to produce more food. This study explores the value of soil quality indicators as measures when converting desert to croplands. Soil samples from unfarmed desert, wheat and alfalfa sites in the Abarkooh Plain (Central Iran) were taken from 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depths. Soil quality indicators including organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbohydrate, particulate organic carbon (POC) in aggregate fractions, and aggregate water‐stability were determined. The desert soils contained organic carbon of 0·26–0·56 g kg−1, total nitrogen of 0·05–0·08 g kg−1 and carbohydrate of 0·03–0·11 g kg−1 at 0–30 cm depth. Across this depth, the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen and carbohydrate in wheat were about 3–7, 2–3 and 6–26‐times higher than those of desert soils, respectively. These values for alfalfa were 5–12, 3–4 and 7–35 times, respectively. The POC (near zero in desert soils) and generally other soil quality indicators showed greater improvement in alfalfa than in wheat fields. The results indicated a significant decrease in proportion of the fraction <0·05 mm in cultivated soils, whereas the proportion of the large aggregate size classes (2–4 and 1–2 mm) was increased by irrigation and cultivation. A significant improvement in aggregate water‐stability was observed in cultivated soils. At all depths, a large portion of the total soil organic carbon was stored in the fractions <0·05 mm for desert and macroaggregates (0·25–2 mm) for cultivated soils. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carotinoide in der Gesamtnahrung–Bestimmung der täglichen Zufuhrmenge an individuellen Derivaten
Authors: Müller H.
Published: October 2010

Wurde in der Vergangenheit dem β‐Carotin als Provitamin A das Hauptaugenmerk bei der Carotinbestimmung und ‐bewertung im Lebensmittel pflanzlicher Herkunft geschenkt, so sind heute aueh alle anderen Carotinoide (Carotine und Xanthophylle) von Interesse, nachdem deren antioxidative Eigensehaften (Radikalfänger‐Fähigkeit). die zunächst nur den antioxidativen Vitaminen A, C und E zugesproehen worden waren, erkannt wurden. Diese drei Vitamine und die Carotine/Carotinoide werden heute im Zusammenhang einer Verminderung des Risikos. an versehiedenen Krebsarten zu erkranken. diskutiert. wie aus experimentellen Untersuchungen und epidemiologisehen Studien heivorgegangen ist. Die diskutierte notwendige oder zu empfehlende Zufuhrmenge liegt bei mindestens 2 mg täglicher Aufnahme an β‐Carotin. In weleher Weise eine gängige Ernährung mit einer ausgewogenen Kostzusammensetzung unter haushaltsüblicher Speisenzubereitung dazu beiträgt. diese Zufuhrmenge zu erreichen. war das Ziel diesei Untersuehungen. Die qualitative und quantitative Bestimmung der einzelnen Carotinoide in den Gesamtnahrungsproben erfolgte mit Hilfe der HPLC. Neben β‐Carotin wurden α‐Carotin. Lyeopin, Lutein. Antheraxanthin. Zeaxanthin. β‐Cryptoxanthin, α‐Cryptoxanthin, Violaxantliin und Neoxanthin quantifiziert.
Determination of the Petroselinic Acid in Seeds of Coriandrum sativum by Gas Liquid Chromatography as n‐Butyl Esters
Authors: Thies W.
Published: October 2010

Oleic acid (18:1 n9), vaccenic acid (18:1 n7). and petroselinic acid (18:1 n12) can not be separated by gas chromatography (GLC) as their methylesters. But separations of their n‐butyl esters are feasible. With 0.1 mol Na‐tert‐butanol as catalyst, dissolved in n‐butanol, an extraction from the seed grist and simultaneous transbutylation of the lipids can be achieved within 20 min at room temperature. Using a capillary column (60 m DB‐23, 0.25 μ, J&W, No. 122‐2362), hydrogen as carrier gas and an oven temperature of 220° C, one analysis can be performed within 13 min.
Neue quantitative Methoden zur Beurteilung von Veränderungen der Peroxidzahl im Sojaöl
Authors: Kondratowicz‐Pietruszka El'Zbieta , Ostasz Lidia
Published: October 2010

Es werden neue Methoden zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Mechanismus des Anstiegs von LOO(t) in der Anfangsphase der Sojaöl‐Oxidation vorgestellt. Weiterhin werden einfache Modelle zur Beschreibung der Geschwindigkeit des Anstiegs von LOO(t), die sich aus dem verallgemeinerten Schema des Mechanismus ergeben, behandelt. Am Beispiel des Anstiegs von LOO(t) im Sojaöl werden die Methoden zur Ermittlung der Funktionsordnung n, zur Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten des Anstiegs von LOO(t), zur Berechnung der spezifischen Geschwindigkeiten V(T) sowic zur Bestimmung der unitären Geschwindigkeiten Vu(t) erörtert. Die vorgestellten Analysenmethoden können zur Beurteilung von Forschungsergebnissen und der in der Praxis angewandien Methoden dienen.
Die antioxidative Wirkung von Produkten der Maillard‐Reaktion in Modellsystemen und gerösteten Haselnüssen
Authors: Nienaber U. , Eichner K.
Published: October 2010

Lösungen von Glucose und verschiedenen Aminosäuren wurden in Phosphatpuffer pH 7.0 erhitzt. Bräunung und Reduktionskraft dieser Maillard‐Reaktionslösungen zeigten Korrelation und stiegen in der Reihenfolge saure — neutrale — basische Aminosäuren an. Bei Zusatz zu wäßrigen Emulsionen von Linolsäuremethylester (LSME) stieg die antioxidative Wirkung in der Reihenfolge basische — saure — neutrale Aminosäuren an. Die entsprechenden Aminosäuren allein zeigten keinen, verschiedene Amadori‐Verbindungen (Fructose‐Alanin, ‐Arginin und ‐Histidin) dagegen einen prooxidativen Effekt. Auch in Extrakten aus gerösteten. entfetteten Haselnüssen ergab sich eine Korrelation zwischen Bräunung und Reduktionskraft. Wäßrige Extrakte besaßen höhere Bräunung und Reduktionskraft als entsprechende Methanol‐Extrakte; die antioxidative Wirkung beider Extrakte in LSME‐Emulsioncn war jedoch vergleichbar und stieg sowohl mit der Röstdauer als auch mit der zugesetzten Extraktmenge an. Die Extrakte wurden mittels Gelpermeationschromatographie an Sephadex G‐15 in drei Haupt‐fraktionen aufgetrennt. Eine antioxidative Wirkung wurde hauptsächlieh in der Fraktion der niedermolckularen farblosen Maillard‐Reakti‐onsprodukte gefunden.
Simultaneous Determination of Retinol Esters and Tocochromanols in Foods Using Nitro‐Column HPLC
Authors: Balz Marion , Schulte E. , Thier H.‐P
Published: October 2010

All food components with vitamin A and E activity, i.e. all‐trans retinol. its cis isomers and their esters as well as the four tocopherols. the four tocotrienols, and α‐tocopheryl acetate, were separated by HPLC using a nitro‐column and a three‐step gradient elution with n‐hexane and terα‐butylmethylether mixtures. β‐carotene and the retinol isomers were determined with an UV/Vis detector, all other compounds with a fluorescence detector connected in series. Fats, oils, and lipid extracts from foods can he injected onto the HPLC column without any clean‐up.
Vernolic and Cyclopropenoic Fatty Acids in Piper nigrum Seed Oil
Authors: Daulatabad C. D. , Mulla G. M. , Mirajkar A. M.
Published: October 2010

The seed oil of Piper nigrum has the following fatty acid composition: capric (4.1%), lauric (2.5%), myristic (3.1%), palmitic (27.2%), stearic (7.3%), oleic (29.9%), linoleie (7.7%), vernolie (7.7%), malvalie (6.3%), and sterculic (4.2%) acids.
Antioxidative Wirkung von Pflanzenextrakten auf Futterfette
Authors: Budinčević Mirjana , Verbaški Ž. , Turkulov J. , Dimić Etelka
Published: October 2010

Die antioxidative Wirkung von cthanolischen Extrakten aus Maclura‐Früchten (Madura aurantiaca Nutt./Osage orange) sowie aus oberirdischen Pflanzenteilen von Asclepias synaca L. (Probe A). Che‐nopodium ambrosiodes L. (Probe B) und Thymus marschallianus Willd. (Probe C) wurde untersuchl. Als Substrate dienten Talg und Schweine‐schmalz (vorbcreitet durch NaBverfahren) bei 60° C. Die Versuche mit dem Rancimat‐Gerät wurden bei 100° C durchgeführt. Zum Vergleich wurde BHA als synthetisches Antioxidans eingesetzt. Die Pflanzenex‐trakte aus den Probcn A. B, C zeigten nur einc mittelmäßige antioxidative Wirkung bei den bei 60OC tempcrierten Substraten. Dies konnte aber durch die mit dem Rancimat erhaltenen Ergebnisse nicht besta‐tigt werden. Der Extrakt aus unreifen Maclura‐Früchten wies eine starke antioxidative Wirkung auf, die mit der von reinem BHA vergli‐chen werden kann und die Induktionsperiode der benutzten Substrate deutlich verlängerte. Die Zugabe von Zitronen‐ und Apfelsäure verur‐sachte einen synergistisehen Effekt. Weiterhin wurden Versuche mit dem Pulver aus unreifen Maclura‐Früchten durchgeführt. Die Zugabe von 0.1 — 0.2 % des Pulvers vcrursacht bei den Substraten Talg und Schwcineschmalz bei 60OC eine deutliche Verlängerung der Induktionsperiode. Annähernd wie bei Zusatz von 0.01 % BHA.
prüfung von Leinfuttermitteln (Saat, Extraktionsschrot) an wachsenden Schweinen – Futterwert, Thiocyanat‐und Schilddrüsenhormonstatus
Authors: Schöne Friedrich , Kirchheim Ulrich , Tischendorf Frank , Rudolph Berd
Published: October 2010

Leinsamenschrot (Linum usitatissimum) wurde im Verdauungsversuch an 9 Mastschweinen im Austausch gegen Gerste geprüft. Die dreiTiere in jeder der drei Gruppen erhielten über drei Versuchsperioden im Lateinischen Quadrat Fuller ohne Lein oder mit 25% oder 50% Leinsamenschrot. In zwei Fütterungsvcrsuchen mit insgesamt 120 Absetzferkeln kamen Alleinfuttermischungen zum einen ohne und mit 10% Leinsamenschrot, zum anderen ohne und mit 10% Leinextraktionsschrot zum Einsatz. Die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit der organischen Substanz des Leinsamenschrotes erwies sich mit 66% als sehr niedrig. Mit 40% scheinbarer Verdaulichkeit trugen am meisten die Rohkohlenhydrate (Rohfaser + N‐freier Extrakt) zur Futterwertminderung bei. In den Leingruppen wurde viel Lignin im Futter aufgenommen und im Kot wiedergefunden. Das unverdauliche Lignin ist damil eine, wenn auch nicht die einzige, Ursache der Verdaulichkeitsminderung. Die trotzdem relativ hohe Energiedichte des Leinsamenschrotes von 18 MJ umsetzbarer Energie/kg Trockensubstanz (T) beruht auf seinem hohen Fettgehalt (40% der T). Mit Leinsamenschrot gefütterte Ferkel tendierten zu erhöhter Futteraufnahme sowie Gewichtszunahme und niedrigerem Futteraufwand. Die Futterration mit 10% Leinextraktionsschrot wurde tendenziell in geringerem Umfang aufgenommen, und die Körpermassezunahme erwies sich als geringer als dies in der Gruppe ohne Leinextiaktions‐schrot der Fall war. Im Blutserum zeigte sich nach Leinfuttermittelgabe eine drastisch erhöhte Thiocyanatkonzentration. Im Organismus wird Cyanid freigesetzt und mittels Schwefeltransferasen zum Thiocyanat entgiftet. Thiocyanat beeinträchtigl die Funktion der Schilddrüse, jedoch nur bei Iodmangel. Bei dem hohen Iodzusatz von 0,5mg/kg Futter unterschied sich zwischen den ohne oder mit Leinsamenschrot gefütterten Ferkeln die Konzentration des Blutserums an Thyroxin und Triiodthyronin nicht. Eine niedrigere Serum‐Thyroxin‐Konzentration der Leinextraktionsschrot‐gefütterten Ferkel wird auf andere Ursachen als auf die Iodgabe (0,5 mg/kg Futter) zurückgeführt.
Study on tribological properties of Al2O3 ceramics/1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel rubbing pairs in H2O2 solutions
Authors: Dong Conglin , Yuan Chengqing , Li Jun , Li Jian , Yan Xinping
Published: October 2010

The tribological properties of (Al2O3) ceramics/1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel rubbing pairs were investigated using a MMW‐1 tribo‐tester under pure water and different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solutions. A comparison analysis of the friction coefficient, wear mass loss and worn surface topographies was conducted. The wear mass loss of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel ring sample in all H2O2 solutions was greater than that in pure water. The wear mass loss was the highest in 70% H2O2 solution. The comprehensive analysis showed that the main wear mechanisms between the Al2O3 ceramics/1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel rubbing pairs were severe adhesive, abrasive and ploughing wear in the H2O2 solutions. It is believed that the knowledge gained in this study will provide the theoretical data and guide for the optimisation of the rubbing pairs in the H2O2 solutions to be used for the lubrication of some moving parts in the propulsion system of the launch vehicle. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retransplantation for donor-derived neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Begum Rehana , Harnois Denise , Satyanarayana Raj , Krishna Murli , Halling Kevin C. , Kim George P. , Nguyen Justin H. , Keaveny Andrew P.
Published: October 2010

Although tumor transmission through liver transplantation (LT) is a rare occurrence, the consequences can be devastating, even when a very aggressive management approach is adopted. We report the case of a donor-derived small cell neuroendocrine tumor (NET) in a patient who underwent LT for cholangiocarcinoma. Despite locoregional therapy, chemotherapy and ultimately retransplantation, the patient died from metastases. The high grade nature of the NET was the most important determinant of prognosis in this case. Our experience suggests that retransplantation for donor-derived NET should only be considered when tumor biology is favorable. Liver Transpl 17:83-87, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Laish Ido , Braun Marius , Mor Eytan , Sulkes Jaqueline , Harif Yael , Ari Ziv Ben
Published: October 2010

Features of metabolic syndrome are not uncommon in patients after liver transplantation. To examine the prevalence and risk factors of posttransplantation metabolic syndrome (PTMS), the files of 252 transplant recipients (mean age, 54.5 ± 2.8 years, 57.9% male) were reviewed for pretransplant and posttransplant clinical and laboratory parameters (mean follow-up, 6.2 ± 4.4 years). Rates of obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2), hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL (men) or <50 mg/dL (women), hypertension, and diabetes were significantly higher after transplantation than before. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 5.4% of patients before transplantation and 51.9% after. Besides significantly higher rates of the typical metabolic derangements (P < 0.0001), the patients with PTMS were older and heavier than those without PTMS, and they had a higher rate of pretransplant hepatitis C virus infection (P < 0.03) and more posttransplant major vascular and cardiac events (20 events in 15.2% of patients with PTMS versus 6 events in 4.9% of patients without PTMS; P < 0.007). There was no between-group difference in mortality or causes of death (mainly related to recurrent disease, graft failure, and sepsis). Significant independent predictors of PTMS on logistic regression analysis were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04), pretransplant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (OR = 3.4), body mass index (OR = 1.13), diabetes (OR = 5.95), and triglycerides (OR = 1.01). The rate of metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients is more than twice that reported for the general population. PTMS is associated with cardiovascular morbidity but not mortality, and it may be predicted by pretransplantation conditions. Prospective studies are required to determine the significance and management of PTMS. Liver Transpl 17:15-22, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Primary human hepatocytes on biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid) matrices: A promising model for improving transplantation efficiency with tissue engineering
Authors: Török Eva , Lutgehetmann Marc , Bierwolf Jeanette , Melbeck Stefan , Düllmann Jochen , Nashan Bjoern , Ma Peter X. , Pollok Joerg M.
Published: October 2010

Liver transplantation is an established treatment for acute and chronic liver disease. However, because of the shortage of donor organs, it does not fulfill the needs of all patients. Hepatocyte transplantation is promising as an alternative method for the treatment of end-stage liver disease and as bridging therapy until liver transplantation. Our group has been working on the optimization of matrix-based hepatocyte transplantation. In order to increase cell survival after transplantation, freshly isolated human hepatocytes were seeded onto biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) polymer scaffolds and were cultured in a flow bioreactor. PLLA discs were seeded with human hepatocytes and exposed to a recirculated medium flow for 6 days. Human hepatocytes formed spheroidal aggregates with a liver-like morphology and active metabolic function. Phase contrast microscopy showed increasing numbers of spheroids of increasing diameter during the culture period. Hematoxylin and eosin histology showed viable and intact hepatocytes inside the spheroids. Immunohistochemistry confirmed sustained hepatocyte function and a preserved hepatocyte-specific cytoskeleton. Albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and urea assays showed continued production during the culture period. Northern blot analysis demonstrated increasing albumin signals. Scanning electron micrographs showed hepatocyte spheroids with relatively smooth undulating surfaces and numerous microvilli. Transmission electron micrographs revealed intact hepatocytes and junctional complexes with coated pits and vesicles inside the spheroids. Therefore, we conclude that primary human hepatocytes, precultured in a flow bioreactor on a PLLA scaffold, reorganize to form morphologically intact liver neotissue, and this might offer an optimized method for hepatocyte transplantation because of the expected reduction of the initial cell loss, the high regenerative potential in vivo, and the preformed functional integrity. Liver Transpl 17:104–114, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Amphiphilic Cationic [Dendritic poly(L‐lysine)]‐block‐poly(L‐lactide)‐block‐[dendritic poly(L‐lysine)]s in Aqueous Solution: Self‐Aggregation and Interaction with DNA as Gene Delivery Carriers
Authors: Zhu Yingdan , Sheng Ruilong , Luo Ting , Li Hui , Sun Wenyan , Li Yang , Cao Amin
Published: October 2010

A new series of triblock [dendritic poly(L‐lysine)]‐block‐PLLA‐block‐[dendritic poly(L‐lysine)]s (DL2‐PLLA‐DL2) with PLLA block lengths of 11.5–26.5 and double 2‐generation PLL dendrons DL2 as model cationic amphiphiles were synthesized and characterized. Their CAC, self‐aggregation and plasmid DNA binding affinities in pure water and PBS were studied. The PLLA block length dependence of particle size, morphology and ξ potential for organized pDNA/amphiphile polyplex aggregates were examined. Finally, toxicities of these DL2‐PLLA‐DL2 amphiphiles and their polyplexes were assayed by MTT with HeLa, SMMC‐7721 and COS‐7 cells, and COS‐7 cell luciferase and eGFP gene transfection efficacies with these amphiphiles as the delivery carriers were investigated.

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Recent Advances in the Application of Natural Fiber Based Composites
Authors: Pandey Jitendra K. , Ahn S. H. , Lee Caroline S. , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri
Published: October 2010

Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are lightweight, economical and available in a variety of forms. They have low densities, comparable material properties, high molding flexibility and are environmentally friendly, making them a conceivable alternative to traditional fillers like mica, calcium carbonate and glass. By modifying either the resin system or the natural fiber, biocomposites can be designed for different applications ranging from products of commodity to aerospace, examples including electroactive papers, fuel cell membranes, controlled drug release mechanisms and biosensors. This review aims to analyze the advancement in the application of cellulose based materials in different sectors with a discussion of fundamental research in these areas.

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High‐Yield Fabrication of PLGA Non‐Spherical Microarchitectures by Emulsion‐Solvent Evaporation Method
Authors: Li Ruifeng , Li Xuemin , Liu Lingrong , Zhou Zhimin , Tang Hongbo , Zhang Qiqing
Published: October 2010

Recently, it has been recognized the shape of particles plays an essential role in the design of materials with unique properties. In this study, PLGA non‐spherical microarchitectures, rods and fibers, were fabricated successfully in high yield by single emulsion‐solvent evaporation method in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate. The assay of PVA residue was carried out and the hydrogen bonds formation was verified as well. The presented data show that viscosity and coagulation agent have a synergistic effect on forming the rod‐ and fiber‐like microarchitectures in the shear response and the formation mechanisms were proposed accordingly.

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Everyday reasoning abilities in persons with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Young Tiffany L. , Granic Antoneta , Yu Chen Tuo , Haley Christine B. , Edwards Jerri D.
Published: October 2010

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients develop progressive cognitive decline. The degree to which such decline impacts instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among individuals in the early stages of PD without dementia is not well documented. The Everyday Cognitive Battery Reasoning subtest (ECB) was used to assess ability to solve everyday reasoning tasks for IADL among 19 non‐demented older adults with PD in comparison to 20 older adults without PD. The two groups were similar in age, education, race and gender. Individuals with PD had significantly lower scores (M = 61.98, SD = 12.03) than the comparison group (M = 69.80, SD = 9.48). Individuals with PD, who do not have dementia, may be more likely to experience difficulties in IADL requiring reasoning including medication use, finances, and nutrition. Even more serious implications lie in the capacity to make treatment choices. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society