bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Transportation Service Quality- Taxi within Holy Makah City in Hajj & Umrah seasons between Reality and Expectation: قياس جودة خدمة النقل -سيارات الأجرة- داخل مدينة مكة المكرمة في مواسم الحج والعمرة بين الواقع والمأمول
Authors: Eman Abdullah Aldubayan Eman Abdullah Aldubayan
Published: September 2021

The current study aimed to measure the quality of transportation service for pilgrims, Umrah performers, and visitors by taxi within the city of Makah Al-Mukarramah from the point of view of the beneficiary customers, and to achieve this goal and the sub-objectives emanating from it. The descriptive approach was used, where the questionnaire based on the standards of the Saudi Transport Authority for taxis of all three types: regular, family, and taxis for people with disabilities and the elderly was applied to a simple random sample of the study subjects, and the study data was analyzed using the statistical analysis program in the statistical package. (SPSS), and employing appropriate statistical methods, and the main problem in this study lies in what are the quality standards for taxi transport service within Makah Al-Mukarramah? Do these standards match reality and achieve the hope? And then the importance of the study is limited to seeking to identify the most important ways that must be available in taxis in particular and ways of transportation in general within the city of Makah Al-Mukarramah to facilitate trips and religious tourism for visitors to the House of God. The study revealed many results that contribute to the development of the transportation service for pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims in the city of Makah Al-Mukarramah during the Hajj and Umrah seasons in the future. Among the most important of these results, it was found that with regard to the availability of the technical specifications of the taxi, which were determined by the Technical Specifications Authority at the Ministry of Transport, there are only three technical specifications that were available to a large extent, and they include: taxi doors, taxi windows, and the quality of adaptation inside the taxi, The results also revealed that the majority of taxis inside the city of Mecca do not apply the technical standards set. The results also showed that the majority of technical equipment is not available in the taxi during the Hajj and Umrah seasons. The results also showed that the general level of customer satisfaction and that of the three areas of satisfaction is moderately available. The study recommended the absolute necessity for both the car company and the vehicle drivers to follow all means of technology and high technologies to provide visitors with the highest and most efficient transportation services. The study also recommended that companies should be charged with employing anyone who is sure that he has experience and high efficiency in managing the business assigned to them. In general, the study recommended applying everything related to the comfort of the passenger and his family members and adhering to the standards of quality and safety inside the vehicles.
The effectiveness of the ERP program in raising the efficiency of supply management – A field study on King Saud medical city in Riyadh –: مدى فاعلية تطبيق (برنامج موارد ERP) في رفع كفاءة إدارة الإمداد بالمدن الطبية السعودية – دراسة ميدانية على مدينة الملك سعود الطبية بالرياض –
Authors: Fahd Hassan Ali Sharahily, Wael Shafi Al-Shammari Fahd Hassan Ali Sharahily, Wael Shafi Al-Shammari
Published: September 2021

The current study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ERP resource program in raising the efficiency of supply management at King Saud Medical City in Riyadh. This is in light of the high demand witnessed for a resource planning program and system by medical institutions in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the main objective of this study, the researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach as an approach to preparing the study. In addition to the use of the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data from the members of the study population, who number (85) employees of the users of (ERP Resources Program) in the Supply Department in King Saud Medical City in Riyadh. Following the collection and analysis of data from the study community, a set of results were reached, the most prominent of which are: Emphasizing the existence of a positive statistically significant relationship between (ERP Resource Program) in its various roles (achieving compatibility and effectiveness, managing and planning medical stocks, effective control) in King Saud Medical City, And the degree of improvement in the efficiency of the dimensions of supply management (economic cost, response and cooperation) in King Saud Medical City in Riyadh, where the value of the correlation coefficient was 0.996. In light of the results reached, several recommendations were suggested, the most important of which are: the need to enhancing the best use of the ERP system in reducing storage costs within the departments and departments of King Saud Medical City. The maximum benefit from the ERP system must be made to accelerate the decision-making process within King Saud Medical City in Riyadh.
Inquiry-Based Labs Using Paper Microfluidic Devices: The MICRO Project
Authors: Roller Rachel , Sumantakul Saichon , Tran Michelle , Wyk Andrea Van , Zinna Jessica , Donelson Destiny , Finnegan Sarah , Foley Gregory , Frechette Olivia , Gaetgens Jessica , Jing Jiani , Rinaolo Katheryn , Cole Renée , Lieberman Marya , Remcho Vincent , Frederick Kimberley
Published: September 2021

The MICRO project has developed a series of active-learning labs that can be safely delivered to students either at home or in person using paper microfluidic technology. The skills covered in these labs are appropriate for sophomore-level analytical chemistry courses and general chemistry.
Fundamentos epistemológicos para el desarrollo de investigaciones cualitativas en educación
Authors: Javier Ninahuaman Henry Juan
Published: September 2021

A través de la teoría fundamentada se llega a la teoría sobre los fundamentos epistemológicos para el desarrollo de las investigaciones cualitativas en educación. Desde la recolección de datos, codificación, delimitación de la teoría, el lugar en la literatura, la comunicación de los resultados y la teoría formal sustantiva. Llegando a la conclusión: los fundamentos de las investigaciones cualitativas son las formas de conocer y hacer conocer la realidad educativa. Mediante el poder investigativo y la conceptualización de las manifestaciones de las personas en los fenómenos educativos de su momento. Para contribuir en el conocimiento profundo del problema  investigativo cualitativo y solucionarlo o mejorarlo.
Conociendo las funciones ejecutivas de los niños
Authors: Canchumanya Popi Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

Este artículo propone desde el método de la investigación acción, definir, dar identidad epistémica y orientar los procedimientos metodológicos, para valorar las funciones ejecutivas de los estudiantes, con apreciación de sus padres y profesores. El estudio se hizo en el nivel primario de una institución educativa pública. Desde el diseño, identificación, análisis del problema, formulación del plan de acción, recolección de la información, categorización y la estructuración de las nuevas categorías dieron lugar a las categorías emergente, el cual plantea alternativas de solución a los problemas de conducta y aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Entrenar las funciones ejecutivas a  profundidad nos permitirá evitar trastornos patológicos en las personas.
Ser mujer y aprender matemática en tiempo de covid
Authors: Olivares Chávez Helen Rocío
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo está fundado en el método cualitativa fenomenológico feminista educativo, que comprende las vivencias femeninas reales y sentidas por las mujeres, al observar desde abajo en el aprendizaje matemático femenino en tiempo del COVID – 19. Para mitigar la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres en el aprendizaje matemático, necesitamos utilizar los procedimientos para resolver problemas matemáticos en las dificultades cotidianas femeninas con el propósito de pensar de forma lógica, se utilizó la técnica de la entrevista semiestructurada, dándole una solución adecuada y oportuna, expandiendo estos procedimientos resolutivos en la  sociedad.
On studying the relationship between personality and mental disorder - Suggestions for further study
Authors:   , Berry Billie
Published: September 2021

Links between traits and mental disorders have been postulated off and on for centuries, but since a recent revival of interest within psychology, there has been a consistent and expanding field of research concerned with studying what is now widely accepted as the ‘personality- psychopathology relationship’. This thesis explores that field of research, considering what has led to its stagnation and apparent difficulty in reaching robust and useful conclusions. In doing so, I provide an overview and critique of the study of the personality-psychopathology relationship. Several limitations of recent research are identified and explored, specifically concerning its focus of inquiry, statistical methodology and conceptual foundations. Throughout the thesis, I discuss the appropriate scientific method(s) and necessary conceptual considerations involved in studying the relationship between personality and mental disorder, and make some suggestions about what is required for robust and reliable research in this area.
Transforming everyday public places into thriving third places
Authors:   , Wells Kieran
Published: September 2021

By exploring interactions between architecture, urban design and sociology, this thesis seeks to highlight the disconnection between these disciplines and how they can be integrated into a robust framework. The central question driving this investigation is how integrating third place theory with urban design principles can support and nurture communities within the public realm. In order to achieve this, the thesis outlines third place theory in conjunction with the core urban design principles and highlights the benefits and value by bringing these together. The outcome is an integrated novel framework that effectively brings these bodies of knowledge together.
Does Women’s Approval of Intimate Partner Violence Mediate the Relationship Between Sexism and Violence in Heterosexual Relationships?
A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Sri Lanka and New Zealand.
Authors:   , Ranasinghe Manuri
Published: September 2021

The Revised Gender Symmetry Theory (Archer, 2018) proposes that western countries with higher levels of gender empowerment of women will experience an equal rate of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) between men and women that is bi-directional and low in intensity. In contrast, non-western countries with lower levels of gender empowerment are proposed to experience high rates of male to female aggression; bi-directional violence or male victimisation from women in such countries will be unlikely. The aim of this study was twofold. First, it aimed to test the validity of the Revised Gender Symmetry Theory using self- reports of IPV perpetration and victimisation from women residing in two countries above (New Zealand) and below (Sri Lanka) the mean global gender empowerment score. Second, considering the strong relationship between positive attitudes towards IPV with both sexism and IPV perpetration, the mediational properties of positive attitudes in explaining the relationship between sexism and IPV perpetration and victimisation in the two countries was examined. Female undergraduate university students from New Zealand (N=199) and Sri Lanka (N=198) completed the Conflict Tactic Scale-2, the Beliefs about Relationship Aggression Scale and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Inconsistent with the Revised Gender Symmetry model, independent t-test analysis found that women in New Zealand and Sri Lanka reported similar rates of IPV perpetration and victimisation, for both minor and severe forms of IPV. In keeping with Sri Lanka having lower levels of gender empowerment of women, Sri Lankan women were more likely to approve of IPV and endorsed higher levels of sexism (benevolent and hostile sexism) when compared to New Zealand women. Lastly, the moderated mediation models found that attitudes condoning female IPV mediated the relationship between benevolent sexism and IPV perpetration by women in Sri Lanka and New Zealand. The need for interventions to challenge women’s attitudes which condone female IPV and reduce societal sexism is discussed along with other implications for clinical practice.
Application of CAD Technology in Building Decoration Construction
Authors: Shao Yingying
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of science and technology, the application scope of computer technology and related software is expanding, while improving the work efficiency of various industries, the quality of people’s work has also been greatly improved. In particular, as an important part of China’s economic development, the construction industry has gradually applied some new technical means, and achieved remarkable application results. CAD technology drawing can not only improve the standardization of scheme design, but also effectively shorten the time, which is of great significance to the improvement of construction quality. This paper focuses on the application of computer technology (CAD) in the construction of building decoration, and hopes to provide reference and suggestions for relevant personnel.
Discussion on the Application of Enterprise Business Intelligence Data Analysis System
Authors: Yang Ning
Published: September 2021

Enterprise Business Intelligence (BI) system refers to data mining through the existing database of the enterprise, and data analysis according to customer requirements through comprehensive processing. The data analysis efficiency is high and the operation is convenient. This paper mainly analyzes the application of enterprise BI data analysis system in enterprises.
Research Progress on the Antitumor Mechanism of Compound Kushen Injection
Authors: Duan Yuntao , Liang Weijian , Hou Junming , Yang Dezhen
Published: September 2021

Compound Kushen Injection (CKI), as a clinical traditional Chinese medicine preparation, has prominent antitumor effect but with several side effects. A large number of studies have shown that CKI plays an antitumor role by regulating tumor cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis, reducing tumor angiogenesis, regulating the immunity, and so on. Clinically, CKI is widely used to treat various tumors, where it is often combined with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and other antitumor treatments. This article reviews the antitumor mechanism of CKI and the progress of its clinical application in order to provide a theoretical basis for further clinical application.
Experimental Research on Intratumoral Injection of Sal Ammoniac Extract in the Treatment of Mouse Liver Cancer
Authors: Jia Yuanyuan , Tian Chang , Wang Siqi , Feng Yu , Li Wujun , Cai Yu
Published: September 2021

Objective: To study the effect of sal ammoniac extract on the treatment of liver cancer and analyze its possibility of replacing absolute ethanol. Methods: Sixty Kunming mice (5-6 weeks old, 18-22g in weight, male and female in half) were selected and inoculated with 0.1 ml of 1:4 ascitic diluent from mouse liver cancer H22 under the axilla of the right limb. After tumor formation, they were randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 mice in each group. Normal saline (NS), sal ammoniac extract (N), and absolute ethanol (E) were injected into the tumor once a day for four times. The death, tumor weight, tumor inhibition rate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) expression of the mice in each group were analyzed. Results: In the course of treatment, 3 mice died in the normal saline group, 2 mice died in the sal ammoniac treatment group, and 7 mice died in the absolute ethanol group. The tumor weight of the normal saline group, sal ammoniac treatment group, and absolute ethanol group were 1.88 ± 0.26, 1.41 ± 0.49, and 1.51 ± 0.46, respectively. The tumor inhibition rates were 0%, 31.0%, and 21.6%, respectively. Comparing the sal ammoniac treatment group and the normal saline group, t = 3.5133, p = 0.0013; comparing the absolute ethanol group and the normal saline group, t = 2.7926, p = 0.0093. The expression of LDH was 81 ± 10, 51 ± 11, and 32 ± 9 in the normal saline group, sal ammoniac treatment group, and absolute ethanol group, respectively, while the expression of SDH was 80 ± 10, 51 ± 10, and 51 ± 12 in the normal saline group, sal ammoniac treatment group, and absolute ethanol group, respectively. Comparing the LDH of the sal ammoniac treatment group with that of the saline group, t = 8.4264, p = 0.0000; comparing the absolute ethanol group and normal saline group, t = 13.8763, p = 0.0000. Comparing the SDH of the sal ammoniac treatment group with that of the normal saline group, t = 8.1455, p = 0.0000; comparing the absolute ethanol group with the normal saline group, t = 7.2197, p = 0.0000. Conclusion: The traditional Chinese antitumor medicine, sal ammoniac and its main effective components have good antitumor effect, which can be further popularized and applied in clinical practice.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Pericarditis from the Perspective of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
Authors: Li Fanbo , Zheng Gang
Published: September 2021

Pericarditis is a common clinical pericardial disease with complex etiology, pathogenesis, and high recurrence rate. Interleukin-1 is an important inflammatory cytokine, which regulates the occurrence and development of inflammation by regulating IL-1?, IL-1?, and IL-1RA; it plays an important role in pericarditis. In traditional Chinese medicine, the modern understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis has been improved. In this review, the etiology and pathogenesis of pericarditis are discussed from the perspective of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
THE METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIZING THE SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Deputy Chairwoman of the Board of Trustees of the PUBLIC FOUNDATION FOR SUPPORT AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL MASS MEDIA, Mirziyoeva Saida
Published: September 2021

This book examines theoretical, methodological, and empirical issues of the adoption and realization of national development strategies in the case of contemporary Uzbekistan. A comparative analysis of peculiarities of making national strategies in developed and emerging market countries is performed. The methodological approach to identifying long-term global trends to incorporate them into the national development strategies by the example of scientific and technological trends is justified. Strategic priority areas of the national economy of Uzbekistan are justified. The book is expected to be highly beneficial to the field scholars, economic practitioners, members of academia, graduate students and researchers, as well as to the national and regional statesmen, executives who are involved in the strategic decision-making processes.
Use of high-speed rotary tiller and power tiller operated seeder for onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivation
Authors: Khan M.A. , Wohab M.A. , Rahman M.M. , Alam M.M.
Published: September 2021

A field study was carried out to assess the performance of power tiller operated seeder (PTOS) and to compare the yield, quality, maturity and economic traits of onion under different planting methods at Spices Research Sub-Centre (SRSC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Faridpur, Bangladesh with four planting methods as four treatments: T1) ploughing the main field with high speed rotary tiller (HSRT) + direct seeding with power tiller operated seeder (PTOS), T2) ploughing the main field with HSRT + transplanting of seedlings, T3) ploughing the main field with HSRT + direct seeding in line and T4) ploughing the main field with HSRT + direct seeding as broadcasting. Under the study the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The outcome of the study revealed that the treatments had a significant influence on the characteristics studied accept yield of onion. Different economic traits of onion were varied among the planting methods. The bulbs under direct seeding with the PTOS matured earlier (133.66days) as compared to the transplant (155.54days). All direct seeding methods showed insignificantly higher yields than that of transplants. The maximum yield (15.05t/ha) was recorded from broadcasting method. The yield performance under direct seeding with the PTOS and transplants were 15.08 and 14.92t/ha, respectively. The broadcasting method had very heterogeneous and under-sized bulbs due to uneven spacing and maximum plant population per unit area. In case of economic performance, transplanting method incurred the highest total cost of production. Maximum net return and benefit-cost ratio (2.95) were calculated from direct seeding with PTOS.  So, it is concluded that in Bangladesh, direct seeding method with the PTOS may be a good option for getting early crop and maximum economic benefit.
Scalability constraints in Disruptive Agricultural Technologies (DATs) along Value Chain on agricultural production in South Sudan
Authors: Lomeling David
Published: September 2021

Scalability known as the capacity of input variables along the Value Chain (VC) to effect transformative changes on agricultural production was evaluated for a farming system in Juba County of Central Equatoria State (CES), South Sudan. These transformative input variables commonly referred to as, Disruptive Agricultural Technologies (DATs) in the form of advisory, material as well as technological variables were shown to positively influence agricultural production from a default state. The objective of this study was to find out how a probability-based Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) software NETICA could be applied to assess as well as upscale the level of agricultural production P(Prodlevel |    ) from a data input domain D. Simulation using a 700 kg ha-1 of cowpea yield at 50% Cumulative Probability Distribution (CPD) as a calibrant, the backcasting method showed that, scaling up of marginal probabilities in agrotechnology and financial resources from 0.025 to 0.1 (25% increment) and from 0.015 to 0.03 (50% increment) respectively, while keeping other input variables unchanged, increased cowpea yield from 692.9 to 783.1 kg ha-1 (about 12% increment).  Conversely, where no DATs were introduced as in the worst-case scenario, production level was comparatively lower. The BBN model is thus, an indispensable tool that can provide useful information on scaling up agricultural production and hence improve livelihood opportunities in Juba County. However, for sustainable agricultural production, scalability may be constrained by spatial-temporal, environmental and socio-economic imperatives as well as on availability, accessibility, affordability of all input variables.
Status of farm mechanization and its impact on maize production in Jhapa District, Nepal
Authors: Kandel Santosh , Poudel Rakshya , Saru Min Thapa , Parajuli Tulsi
Published: September 2021

A survey research was carried out in 2020 in maize zone, Jhapa to identify and analyze the status of farm mechanization and its impact in the maize production. Kankai Municipality and Jhapa Rural municipality were purposively selected for the study as these areas were under the command area of prime minister agriculture modernization project, project implementation unit, maize zone Jhapa. Thereafter, a total of 70 samples were selected using random sampling method. Thirty-three samples were selected from Kankai Municipality and remaining thirty-seven were selected from remaining Jhapa rural municipality. Primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire, focal group discussion and key informant interview whereas secondary data were obtained through a review of relevant literature. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. It was found that the status of mechanization was still in the initial phase in the study area. Results showed that mechanization was limited to two cultural operations namely tillage and threshing of which only in case of tillage, farm machineries were adopted by more than ninety percent of the respondent farmers while in case of sowing more than ninety percent of respondent didn’t use any modern equipment. Insect and pest in maize field was major problem faced by the farmers. Therefore, productivity of maize in Kankai area was higher as compared to Jhapa area as adoption of mechanization was higher in Kankai area.
Basis of scientific research
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Sladkova O.B.
Published: September 2021

The textbook contains the main issues of practical part “Basis of scientific research” course.Training material helps students to carrying out and design their scientific research. There are tests for consolidate theory and methodology of scientific knowledge. There are recommendation to informational jobs, edit scientific texts and work pedagogical enterprises. The textbook reflects the modern directions of the rational construction of documentation processes and is based on current standards and methodological materials.
SURVEY OF PARASITIC WEEDS (OROBANCHE SPP.) ASSOCIATED WITH BRINJAL (Solanum melongena) IN BANDA DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH INDIA
Authors: AKHTER GULWAIZ , KHAN TABREIZ AHMAD
Published: September 2021

Three Orobanche spp. viz., O. aegyptiaca, O. cernua and O. ramosa were found to be associated with S. melongena in Banda district. However, the concomitant infestation of O. aegyptiaca with O. cernua and/ or O. ramosa in brinjal plants was not noticed. Moreover some of brinjal fields showed the infestation of O. aegyptiaca with either O. cernua or O. ramose. The infestation of O. aegyptiaca in brinjal plant was recorded in all the twenty examined localities. The highest and lowest disease incidence in brinjal plants was found in Chilla and Gazipur, respectively. Whereas, the maximum and minimum frequency of occurrence of O. aegyptiaca was found in Kurrahi and Palhari. Out of twenty localities, the infestation of O. cernua in brinjal was observed in fourteen localities. The greatest disease incidence and frequency of occurrence of O. cernua were recorded Jakhni and Gazipur. Whereas, the lowest disease incidence and frequency of occurrence of O. cernua were noticed in Hardauli and Jamwara, respectively. Moreover, the infestation of O. ramosa in brinjal plants was found in only nine localities of Banda district. The highest and lowest disease incidence due to O. ramosa in brinjal was recorded in Gazipur and Lakhanpur, respectively. However, maximum frequency of occurrence of O. ramosa was found in Jaspura and the minimum in Mahua. In entire Banda district, 68.10% of the surveyed fields were infested with broomrapes. The highest disease incidence and frequency of occurrence of O. aegyptiaca were recorded in brinjal followed by O. cernua and O. ramosa.
OCCURRENCE OF SOLANUM ROSTRATUM DUNAL IN NORTHERN BALOCHISTAN – FIRST RECORD FOR PAKISTAN
Authors: Sultan Amir , Ishaq Kamran , Khan Nazar , Shah Rahim
Published: September 2021

Solanum rostratum Dunal is native to the United States of America and northern and central Mexico. Solanum rostratum has been observed in various localities in Zhob district of northern part of Balochistan Province of Pakistan. These observations represent first record of this species from Balochistan or Pakistan. Its description and illustrations are provided for easy identification.
USING EXTRACTS OF LAMB'S QUARTERS WEED FOR CONTROL OF Alternaria alternata
Authors: Javaid Sana , Shah Mukhtar Hussain , Khan Iqra Haider , Javaid Arshad , Waleed Syed Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Antifungal potential of extracts of different parts of lamb's quarters weed (Chenopodium album L.) against a plant pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternate assessed through laboratory bioassays. Different parts of the weed were soaked in methanol for two weeks to get the extracts. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and different concentrations of the extracts of each plant part (1 to 5%) were prepared in malt extract broth. Leaf, root and fruit extracts exhibited pronounced antifungal activity resulting in 23–95%, 29–96% and 9–94% suppression in biomass of A. alternata. The effect of stem extract was insignificant. This study concludes that all parts of C. album except stem contain potent antifungal constituents to control A. alternata.
EXPLOITATION OF FOLK ETHNOMEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE OF KOTLI AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR-Pakistan
Authors: Ali Rizwan , Shah Syed Awais Hussain
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT For the documentation of folk Ethnomedicinal knowledge from District Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir-Pakistan, we have surveyed various areas of Kotli and gathered information from the habitants by personal interviews, discussion and also by questionnaires. Plant specimens were also collected from the fields of different selected areas in different seasons of the year. Their medicinal uses and taxonomically confirmed with the help of available literature. The duration of this research work was one year, from December 2019 to January 2020. During the research period, we reported 59 plant species which belongs 54 genera and29 families, among the reported families Lamiaceae and Fabaceae were dominant families having six species each, followed by Asteraceae with five species. These plants are utilized by habitants from centuries as Ethnomedicine against various diseases like cough, cold, malaria, fever, stomach disorders, mouth and throat sour etc. This research provides a lot of Ethnomedicinal knowledge which depicts men’s interaction with plants.
A, The ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS ON GERMINATION AND INITIAL SEEDLING GROWTH OF ORYZA PUNCTATA
Authors: Khan Bilal Ahmad , Nadeem Muhammad Ather , Afzal Sadia , Khan Muhammad Azim , Ali Hafiz Haider , Amin Muhammad Mohsin , Aziz Amir , Adnan Muhammad , Awan Muhammad Shazab , Hussain Ali
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Chemical weed control method creates environmental hazards and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Aqueous extract of crop is an important technique to control weed and also environment friendly and cheap. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extract of winter crop Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) on summer weed Oryza punctata (red rice) seed germination and initial seedling growth, a study was planned in Weed Science Laboratory. In this study, seeds of C. tinctorius were incubated in seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different parts i.e. leaves, stem, flower of C. tinctorius. All the tested concentrations of various plant parts of C. tinctorius significantly inhibited the mean emergence time, germination index, germination percentage (%), time taken to 50% germination as well as growth of O. punctata weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (4.73 days), time taken to 50% germination (4.19 days) was noted at 8% concentration and germination index of O. punctata was noted at 0.25% concentration when flower extract was applied. Leaf aqueous extract at the concentration 8% caused the lowest root length (1.53 cm), shoot length (4.51 cm) and fresh weight (54.72 g) of O. punctata. Results suggested leaf and flower extract of C. tinctorius at concentration (8%) can be used potential bio-herbicide for the control of red rice. Key words: Allelopathy, seedling growth, inhibitory, weed growth, plant parts, promotor
ECO-FLORISTIC STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT SWABI,KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Anwar Maqsood , Akhtar Naveed , Akhtar Naveed , Khalid Shah , Zeb Hassan
Published: September 2021

The present study explains floristic composition and ecological attributes characteristics of weeds of maize crop in district Swabi during September-October, 2018. A total of 28 weeds species distributed in 27 genera and 15 families were reported from the selected maize fields of the study area. Out of 15 families, 12 were dicots having (17 genera and 18 species) and 3 were monocots having (10 genera and 10 species). Poaceae was dominant family contributed 8 species. Amaranthaceae (5 spp.) followed by Aizoaceae and Convolvulaceae (2 spp.) each. The rest of 11 families were represented by single species each. Annuals contributed 19 (67.8%) species while perennials shared 9 (32.2%) species. Life-form spectra indicated that therophytes were dominant and abundant life form with 17 (60.7%) species. Leaf size spectra revealed that microphylls were major leaf size class with 12 (42.8 %) species. There were 25 (89.3%) species with simple leaves, 2 (7.1 %) species with compound leaves while 1 (3.6 %) species was represented by dissected leaves.
ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF POPPY (Papaver somniferum L.) ON EMERGENCE AND INITIAL SEEDLING GROWTH OF RED RICE (Oryza punctata L.)
Authors: Khan Bilal Ahmad , Nadeem Muhammad Ather , Afzal Sadia , Afzal Sadia , Khan Muhammad Azim , Abbas Tasawar , Aziz Ahsan , Hasan Syed Wasim , Amin Muhammad Mohsin , Aziz Amir , Nazeer Safdar
Published: September 2021

Allelopathy plays crucial role in effective weed control. Opium (Papaver somniferum L.) crop release different allelochemicals at maturity which have potential to act as natural weeds control in different crops. Phytotoxic effect of Papaver somniferum was examined on germination and initial seedling growth of red rice (Oryza punctata L.). Aqueous extract of different plant parts (leaves, stem and flower) were used at various concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%) along with distilled water as control. The aqueous extracts of leaves, stem and flower of P. somniferum were significantly inhibited the emergence, seedling growth as well as root length (cm), shoot length (cm), fresh weight (g) and dry weight (g) of O. punctata. Maximum mean emergence time (9.18 days) and minimum shoot length (1.13 cm) whereas minimum emergence index (0.89) and emergence percentage (6.67%) was observed under fruit extract at 8% concentration. P. somniferum aqueous extract of stem at 8% concentration take maximum time to complete 50% emergence minimum root length, fresh weight, dry weight of O. punctata. Based on this finding it can be concluded that the phyto-chemicals present in P. somniferum at 8% concentration may cause losses to the related as well as succeeding weeds through allelopathy and must be removed from the field to avoid destructive effects of these weeds.
The Long horned beetles ( Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) with new records from Pakistan
Authors: Panhwar Waheed Ali , Pathan Kamran Ahmed , Shaikh Abdul Manan , Ujjan Safdar Ali , Ujan Javed Ahmed , Memon Khadim Hussain , Pathan Irfan Ahmed , Pathan Irfan Ahmed , Mangi Shabana
Published: September 2021

The longhorn beetles belongs to family Cerambycidae. The beetles are present in almost all ecosystems, except the ocean and Polar Regions. They are most the important biological control agents into agro-ecosystems. The beetles help in the biological control they eat extensive assortments of tree dwelling, soil dwelling insects and also eat caterpillars, maggots, aphids, bug, ants, wasp. Long horned beetles were gathered from different sites (agricultural fields and their surrounding vegetation) of district Naushahro Feroze with insect net (7.79 cm in diameter and 49.9 cm in length) and hand picking. A of 234 specimens were captured from October 2018 to July 2019. The material was identified into 07 species out of 06 genera. Of which Batocera rubus (Linnaeus, 1758), New Record from Sindh, Batocera rufomaculata (Charles De Geer, 1775), New Record from Sindh, Apriona cinerea (Chevrolat, 1852), New Record from Sindh, Archopalus exoticus (Sharp, 1905), New Record from Pakistan Macrotoma crenata (Fabricius, 1801), New Record from Pakistan, Prionus corpulantus (Bates, 1878) New Record from Sindh, Dorysthenes hugelii (Redtenbacher, 1848), New Record from Pakistan. The highest ratio of specimens were recorded from Mehrabpur and lowest ratio of specimens were recorded from Moro.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF FOUR ORGANIC SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF LEAF EXTRACT OF HEMP AGAINST Aspergillus versicolor
Authors: Khan Iqra Haider , Javaid Arshad , Shad Nadeem
Published: September 2021

The fungus Aspergillus versicolor is generally found on food products and produces sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic and hepatotoxic mycotoxin. This study reports the usefulness of polar and non-polar fractions of methanolic extract of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) leaves against this fungus. Dried leaves of hemp were soaked in methanol for two weeks. After filtration and evaporation, water was added to the residual and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Different concentrations of each fraction were prepared which ranged from 1.562 to 200 mg mL-1. Antifungal activity was carried out in malt extract broth medium. In general, all the concentrations of the four organic solvent fractions significantly controlled the growth of A. versicolor. There was 71–82%, 59–82%, 65–80% and 69–82% decline in biomass of A. versicolor due to n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions, respectively. It is concluded that different fractions of leaf extract of C. sativa has remarkable potential in controlling growth of A. versicolor.
Exploring different weeds management practices in wheat
Authors: Arif Muhamamd
Published: September 2021

Frequent utilization of herbicides has caused ecological and health complications for human beings as well as for animals. Moreover, its unwise application also developed resistance in some weed species against the herbicides. Therefore, a field investigation was planned to assess the effect of multi-approached weed suppression in wheat at Reclamation Research Station, 7/3-L Ahmad Pur Sial District Jhang during Rabi 2019-20. Experimental treatment was comprised of two wheat cultivars i.e. Ujala 2016 and Faisalabad 2008 and seven weeds control approaches i.e. hand weeding, organic mulching, eucalyptus extract, neem extract, clodinafop, bromoxynil + MCPA and clodinafop + bromoxynil + MCPA including control. Results of the experiment showed that hand weedings, combined application of clodinafop + bromoxynil + MCPA and mulching significantly reduced the weeds density, fresh and dry weight of weeds. However, covering the soil surface with the organic mulch may have a great impact on the growth and yield-contributing attributes, hence produced maximum grain yield.
A, The Allelopathic effects of Papavare somniferum on germination and initial seedling growth of Echinochloa cruss-galli
Authors: Khan Bilal Ahmad , Nadeem Muhammad Ather , Nadeem Muhammad Ather , Afzal Sadia Ahmad , Maqbool Rizwan , Nijabat Aneela , Ikram Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Weeds are unwanted plants in crop that can be control by different methods among them use of aqueous extract of crop is an imperative method. To investigate the allopathic potential of aqueous extract of winter crop Papavare somniferum (opium) on summer weed Echinochloa cruss-galli (barnyard grass) laboratory experiments were conducted. The experiment coomprised seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different plant parts i.e., leaves, stem and flower of P. somniferumwere. All the tested concentrations and plant parts of P. somniferum significantly reduced mean emergence time, germination index, germination percentage, time to 50% germination as well as well growth of E. cruss-galliweed. However, maximum mean emergence time (9.07 days), time to 50% germination (3.67 days) was noted at leaves and stem extract, respectively. Application of aqueous extract of stem at 8% concentration resulted in greatest time to complete 50% germination (5.42 days) and lowest fresh weight (6.28 g), dry weight (1.00 g) and root length (0.33 cm) of E. cruss-galli. Whereas leaf extract at 8% concentration produces less shoot length (1.13 cm) and more emergence time (9.18 days). Lowest emergence percentage (6.67%) and germination index (0.89) were produced by aqueous extract of fruit at 8% concentration. On the basis of this experiment, it can be concluded that higher concentration (8%) of stem extract of P. somniferumwas used to biologically control the infestation of E. cruss-galli weed.
Strict Liability Principle: Consumer Protection from Hidden Defective Products in Indonesia
Authors: Holijah Holijah
Published: September 2021

Weak supervision on the standardization of the quality of goods products, the negative impact of the use of technology, and fraudulent products cause an increase in hidden defective goods products in the current era of globalization. The phenomenon of the existence of hidden defective products increasingly demanding the importance of the role of government to regulate, supervise and control to create a legal construction of product responsibility for consumers, which normatively does not exist yet. The concept of consumer protection due to hidden defective goods is a new thing that has never been explained in Indonesian literature. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the hidden defective products phenomenon, and the legal basis on the principle of responsibility is applied. Strict liability of produces due to loss of hidden defective goods products as an effort to protect consumers in Indonesia. This research uses the normative analysis method by using secondary data as primary data through the statute approach, philosophical approach, and historical approach. The results of this study show the importance of legal products that can provide consumer rights without reducing the rights of produces. The need for a legal basis for the product liability principle with the principle of strict liability to claim the responsibility of a produces through developing the doctrine of tort as a basis for demanding compensation due to hidden defective goods from the outstanding produces on the market. For this reason, it is recommended as a consideration, namely normative amendment to the law of the Republic of Indonesia number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection as a short-term step, while the long-term step is to issue a special law that regulates the absolute responsibility of produces due to loss of defective products hidden in the future.
The Right to Use Legal Remedies Against Court Decisions in Contested Procedure
Authors: Ajeti Arbnor Ajet
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this scientific paper is to handle in detail the main issues concerning the right to use legal remedies by the parties against court decisions. The right to use legal remedies against court decisions is recognized as one of the fundamental rights of litigants in the civil contested procedure. Due to the importance of using legal remedies in this procedure and other court proceedings, the right to use legal remedies is also foreseen by legal acts. We emphasize this because the right to use legal remedies is guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, by the European Convention on Human Rights of 1950. Also, the right to use legal remedies is guaranteed through the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo of 2008 as one of the fundamental human rights. In contrast, the procedure, according to appealing means, has been regulated by the Law on Contested Procedure of Kosovo 2008. The main idea of this scientific paper is to clarify the right of parties to use legal remedies and what are legal remedies to this procedure. The results of handling consist of understanding the importance of legal remedies, in which cases legal remedies may be submitted, and their impact in exercising the right of litigants in order to provide protection to the legal interests of the parties. In this scientific paper have been conducted handlings concerning the right to use legal remedies, types of appealing means, ordinary legal remedies, and extraordinary legal remedies. This scientific paper is based on applicable legislation, judicial practice, and legal doctrine. In this paper are also given conclusions regarding the right to use legal remedies against court decisions in the contested procedure.
The impact of active case finding among high-risk populations on the decline of tuberculosis incidence
Authors: Tomczak Aleksandra , Warmjak Dominika , Wiśniewska Aneta
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2019 the WHO reported approximately 10 million TB cases and 1.4 million deaths worldwide. TB still remains one of the leading causes of death in humans. Brazil is one of 30 countries with the highest TB burden with 96,000 new cases and 6,700 deaths reported in 2019. From 2015 the TB incidence is increasing by 2%–3% annually. It means that TB control programs need to be improved.

Aim:
Our aim is to show the impact of active case finding of TB cases among a high-risk subpopulation on decline of the incidence in the general population.

Material and methods:
We use a SIS-type compartmental mathematical model to describe the disease dynamics. We consider the population as a heterogeneous population which differ in disease transmission risk. Using best-fit techniques we compare the actual data with the model. For the fitted parameters we calculate the basic reproduction number and estimate the TB trends for the next few years applying several preventative protocols.

Results and discussion:
Using numerical simulations we examine the impact of ACF on the disease dynamics. We show that active screening among high risk subpopulations can help to reduce TB spread. We show how the reproduction number and estimated incidence decline depend on the detection rate.

Conclusions:
Active screening is one of the most effective ways for reducing the spread of disease. However, due to financial constraints, it can only be used to a limited extent. Properly applied detection can limit the spread of the disease while minimizing costs.
La acción transformadora de la sociedad multicultural en una nueva sociedad intercultural, mediante la implementación de la mediación y/o de sus principios y herramientas
Authors: Macías Manteca María José
Published: September 2021

Las sociedades multiculturales enfrentan conflictos, debido a la diversidad en los valores, tradiciones, costumbres e ideologías de sus miembros. La mediación intercultural tiene como objetivo facilitar la comunicación y la integración social entre personas con bagajes culturales distintos; asimismo, puede generar una acción transformadora en la sociedad multicultural hacia la interculturalidad. Tanto los encuentros de mediación, como los principios y herramientas de la mediación intercultural son útiles para fomentar la prevención de los conflictos y su gestión positiva, pues fomentan la interacción funcional y la convivencia pacífica. El mediador intercultural tiene un rol fundamental en la generación de condiciones propicias para la solución de las controversias, mediante una actuación profesional, colaborativa y responsable. La práctica de la mediación intercultural va expandiéndose a lo largo del mundo, respondiendo a las necesidades de las complejas sociedades multiculturales, mostrando un camino seguro hacia la evolución y el desarrollo que ofrece la interculturalidad.