bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfect Crossed Andreev Reflection in the Staggered Graphene/Superconductor/Periodic Line Defect Superlattice Junctions
Authors: Ren Chongdan , Wang Sake , Sun Minglei , Tian Hongyu
Published: October 2024

We study the crossed Andreev reflection and the nonlocal transport in the staggered graphene/superconductor/periodic line defect superlattice (LDGSL) junctions. The staggered pseudospin potential in the left graphene electrode suppress the local Andreev reflection, while the elastic cotunneling of K′ valley electrons is inhibited due to the exclusive rightward motion of K valley electrons in the right LDGSL electrode, thereby enabling the realization of perfect intravalley crossed Andreev reflection for incident electrons from the K′ valley. Meanwhile, the intravalley elastic cotunneling occurs while both local Andreev reflection and crossed Andreev reflection are completely eliminated for incident electrons in the K valley. Furthermore, the probability of intervalley crossed Andreev reflection scattering is significantly lower than that of intravalley CAR scattering across a broad range of incident angles and electron energies. Our results are helpful for designing the flexible and high-efficiency Cooper pair splitter based on the valley degree of freedom.
Does Adopting the Bean Technology Bundle Enhance Food Security Access and Resilience for Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia
Authors: Katungi Enid , Habte Endeshaw , Aseete Paul , Rubyogo Jean Claude
Published: October 2024

We assess simultaneous adoption and impacts of multiple improved technologies promoted as a bundle and recommended for legumes intensification systems for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. We use DNA fingerprinting data to precisely identify our key treatment - “adoption to improved bean varieties” in the study. The results show significant positive impacts of adopting bundled interventions on, agricultural incomes and household food security but vulnerability to food insecurity persists. We find that growing improved varieties with fertilizers increased household agricultural revenue, allowing for more legume consumption and enhancing their likelihood of achieving adequate food consumption and food security outcomes. However, the vulnerability to food insecurity of the adopters remains high due to pre-existing resource degradation issues. Given similarity in production contexts in Sub Saharan Africa, our results provide perspective for similar development interventions. We use the results of our analysis to discuss potential policy implications and programmes to support technology intensification among small holder farmers.
HoloGaussian Digital Twin: Reconstructing 3D Scenes With Gaussian Splatting for Tabletop Hologram Visualization of Real Environment
Authors: Do Tam Le Phuc , Choi Jinwon , Le Viet Quoc , Gentet Philippe , Hwang Leehwan , Lee Seunghyun
Published: October 2024

Several studies have explored the use of hologram technology in architecture and urban design, demonstrating its feasibility. Holograms can represent 3D spatial data and offer an immersive experience, potentially replacing traditional methods such as physical 3D, and offering a promising alternative to mixed-reality display technologies. Holograms can visualize realistic scenes such as buildings, cityscapes, and landscapes using the novel view synthesis technique. This study examines the suitability of spatial data collected through the Gaussian splatting method for tabletop hologram visualization. Recent advancements in Gaussian splatting algorithms allow for real-time spatial data collection of higher quality compared to photogrammetry and neural radiance fields. Both hologram visualization and Gaussian splatting share similarities in recreating 3D scenes without the need for mesh reconstruction. In this research, unmanned aerial vehicle-acquired primary image data were processed for 3D reconstruction using Gaussian splatting techniques and subsequently visualized through holographic displays. Two experimental environments were used including a building and a university campus. As the result, 3D Gaussian data has proven to be an ideal spatial data source for hologram visualization, offering new possibilities for real-time motion holograms of real environments and digital twin.
Determination of Tire Wear Particle-Type Polymers by Combination of Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Soxhlet Extraction
Authors: Günther Marcel , Kirimlioglu Sayilik Gizem , Imhof Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

Tire wear particles (TWP) are among the most relevant sources of microplastic pollution of the environment. Nevertheless, common analytical methods like IR- and Raman spectroscopy are highly impaired by additives and filler materials, leaving only thermo-gravimetric methods for chemical analysis of TWP in most cases. We herein present quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR) as an alternative tool for the quantification of the polymeric material used for the production of tires including natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene-copolymer (SBR), polyethylene-polypropylene-copolymer (EPR) and polybutadiene (BR). Limits of quantification between 3 µg and 43 µg per sample and recovery rates of 72-92% are achieved for all tested polymer types. The first results of combining these measurements with Soxhlet extraction as a sample preparation tool are presented alongside the qNMR experiments.
The Interplay of Climate Change and Water Chemistry: Impacts on Freshwater Aquaculture
Authors: Matolia Jyoti , Khan Mohammad Aatish , Verma Snehal , Prasad Ayush
Published: October 2024

Fish is essential to feeding the world's population and provides hundreds of millions of people with a substantial amount of protein in their diets. Fish is one of the most affordable and readily available forms of animal protein, making up roughly 20% of total animal protein intake. It is simple to obtain these fish through cultivated or captured fisheries. However, the aquaculture industry is viewed as the main means of supplying the world's growing fish demand given the ongoing indiscriminate harvests in capture fisheries. Global aquaculture systems are under serious threats from climate change, which will have an impact on disease prevalence, species mix, water quality, and overall production. The possible impacts of climate change on freshwater aquaculture production and its consequences for the sustainability of the sector are reviewed in this paper. Rising temperatures, El Niño Southern Oscillation events, lowered dissolved oxygen, toxic algal blooms, altered rainfall patterns, water pH, altered salinity, and extreme weather events are a few of the aspects of a changing climate that have been discussed.
State of Charge Balancing Control Strategy for Wind Power Hybrid Energy Storage Based on Successive Variational Mode Decomposition and Multi-Fuzzy Control
Authors: Hou Rui , Liu Jiqing , Zhao Jingbo , Liu Jinhui , Chen Wenxiang
Published: October 2024

To address the instability of wind power caused by the randomness and intermittency of wind generation, as well as the challenges in power compensation by Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS), this paper proposes a State of Charge (SOC) balancing control strategy based on Successive Variational Mode Decomposition and multi-fuzzy control. First, a consensus algorithm is used to enable communication between energy storage units to obtain the global average SOC. Then, the Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA) is applied to optimize the Successive Variational Mode Decomposition (SVMD) and Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) for the initial allocation of wind power, resulting in the smoothing power for hybrid energy storage and the grid integration power. Finally, considering the deviation between the current SOC of the storage units and the global average SOC, dynamic partitioning is used for multi-fuzzy control to adjust the initial power allocation, achieving SOC balancing control. Simulations of the control strategy were conducted using Matlab/Simulink, and the results indicate that the proposed approach effectively smooths wind power fluctuations, achieving stable grid integration power. It enables the SOC of the HESS to quickly align with the global average SOC, preventing the HESS from entering unhealthy SOC regions.
Radio Frontends for Frequency Agile Microwave Photonic Radars
Authors: Blatnik Aljaž , Zmrzlak Luka , Batagelj Boštjan
Published: October 2024

With a recent advance in photonic integrated circuits (PIC), a new field of frequency agile coherent radar systems is being thoroughly researched. In contrast to the traditional all-electronics radiofrequency (RF) radar techniques, a fully photonics-based system does not suffer from bandwidth limitation and noise degradation when switching from S to X or K-band and can achieve excellent phase noise even at frequencies exceeding 20 GHz. However, recent state-of-the-art PICs still exhibit high processing losses in the optical domain, which must be addressed in the electrical part of the RF domain. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the challenges in designing RF front-end amplifier chains for microwave photonic radars, particularly in maintaining stability, minimizing noise, and reducing intermodulation distortion. Furthermore, a comprehensive demonstration of the RF front-end, encompassing both the optical generation of RF signals and experimental measurements of a rotor blade's Doppler fingerprint to validate the system's performance is presented.
XPS of Compounds Having Simultaneously Zinc and Iron: Alert on Fe 2p Region
Authors: Ferraria Ana Maria , do Rego Ana Maria Botelho
Published: October 2024

Many interesting materials in a broad range of applications have in their composition the coexistence of zinc and iron. Their characterization by XPS should identify and quantify both elements. The most intense regions for these elements Zn 2p and Fe 2p are, therefore, used to accomplish that purpose. Using sphalerite as an example of a material where Zn and Fe may coexist and using XPS with two different X radiation sources to study them, it is demonstrated that Fe 2p region, when the iron is the minor component, may be seriously affected by the Auger Zn L3M1M23 structure. The sphalerite (Zn1-xFexS) here studied has x0 and is a good example to show how an XPS spectrum obtained with the X-ray Al Kα, the most used radiation in monochromatic equipments, leads to a wrong assignment of the structures existing in the binding energy region of Fe 2p. The simultaneous use of Mg Kα radiation showed that the Fe 2p is below the XPS detection in this specific sample of sphalerite. Its attested absence reveals that the structure detected, when using Al Kα in “Fe 2p” region, is assigned to a zinc Auger multiple peak and not to the expected 2p photoelectron doublet peak of iron.
UK Environmentally Sensitive Businesses SDG’s Disclosure in their
Sustainability Reports, Websites and Social Media
Authors: Khan Shahbano , HASSAN KAZMI SYED FAIZAN
Published: October 2024

This study examines the relationship between financial investment, shareholder
preference, corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and life satisfaction
for BP and Shell within the UK, together with their alignment with specific
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). about, using regression analysis, in both
projects Hypotheses were tested to assess the significance of these predictors in the
performance of CSR developed. The results showed that financial investment,
shareholder ownership, and social satisfaction did not significantly predict CSR
performance for BP and Shell. Furthermore, there were no significant differences
in the impact of these predictors between the two companies.
Further research revealed Shell’s strong commitment to SDG 7 (Affordable and
Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), with both initiatives drawing on
Shell’s significant investments in renewable energy and climate recognition in the
management system established him as a leader in sustainable development efforts.
BP’s goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050, especially focused on SDG 7
and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), this proposal was
adopted.
Comparing the two sectors, Shell showed significant advantages, which can be
attributed to its diversified capabilities and its strong alignment with the
sustainability objectives of BP, while growing largely, it faces significant financial
challenges in its transition to clean energy. The study concludes that although both
companies are committed to sustainability, Shell now leads in terms of effective
CSR and financial performance
Exploring the Suppressing Ability of T. procumbens (L.) on Malaysian weedy rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Ishak Muhamad Safwan , Jansar Khairiatul Mardiana , Shamsudin Noraziyah Abd Aziz
Published: October 2024

Heavy infestations of weedy rice can reduce rice yields and affect farmers' incomes. So far, the control of weedy rice is still unsolved and depends more on the use of herbicides, which can harm the environment and human health. The phenomenon of allelopathy can be used to develop a new strategy to control weedy rice that does not depend on the use of herbicides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic ability of T. procumbens against the growth of weedy rice with different morphological characteristics. Although morphologically different, seedling growth of all weedy rice was found to be inhibited by the presence of leaf leaching and root exudates of T. procumbens, as determined by sandwich and plant box methods. GC-MS analysis identified 21 allelochemicals present in the leaves of T. procumbens, mainly consisting of various fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid. Further investigation revealed that the aqueous extract of T. procumbens at higher concentration (100%) reduced the germination rate of weed variants WR3 and WR7 by 24% and 19%, respectively. Seedling growth of the weedy variants was inhibited with increasing concentration of leaf extract, with radicle growth of both WR3 and WR7 reduced by 100% and 98%, respectively, at the highest concentration. The leaf debris incorporated into the soil similarly inhibited the growth of the seedlings and the chlorophyll content of the weedy rice. However, the cultivar MR220 CL2 showed lower sensitivity to T. procumbens, and its total chlorophyll content increased with increasing concentration of leaf debris. Our study revealed that T. procumbens is suitable as a bio-herbicide for future sustainable control of weedy rice, especially in the granaries of MR220 CL2
The Impact of Sentiment on Realized Higher-Order Moments in the S&P 500: Evidence from the Fear and Greed Index
Authors: Ahadzie Richard Mawulawoe , Owusu Junior Peterson , Woode John Kingsley
Published: October 2024

This study empirically investigates the relationship between realized higher-order moments and the Fear and Greed Index as a measure of sentiments. We estimate daily realized moments for five different sentiment levels using 5-minute return data of the S&P 500 index from January 3, 2011, to September 18, 2020. We found that the Fear and Greed Index significantly impacts realized volatility during periods of extreme fear. Additionally, various sentiment indicators influence realized skewness and realized kurtosis. The VIX index significantly reduces realized skewness across all sentiment levels. Bearish and bullish sentiments have a significant negative relationship with negative realized skewness during periods of extreme fear and extreme greed. Conversely, the Fear and Greed index, bearish and bullish sentiments have a significant positive relationship with positive realized skewness. During extreme fear, the Fear and Greed index, bearish, and bullish sentiments have a significant negative relationship with realized kurtosis. These results remain consistent when considering the non-linear characteristics of the Fear and Greed Index during periods of extreme fear and extreme greed. These findings highlight the relevance of understanding sentiment in financial risk management and its significant relationship with asymmetric and extremity characteristics of asset returns.
A Review of Literature: Thoracic Ultrasound in Cattle: Methods, Diagnostics, and Prognostics
Authors: Feitoza Luis Felipe Barbosa Braga , White Brad J , Larson Robert L
Published: October 2024

Thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) has emerged as a critical tool in the diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases in cattle, particularly bovine respiratory disease (BRD), which is one of the most economically significant health issues in feedyard operations. The objective of this review is to explore TUS in veterinary medicine including the historical development, methodologies, and clinical applications for diagnosing and prognosing respiratory diseases. The review also emphasizes the importance of operator training, noting that even novice operators can achieve diagnostic consistency with proper instruction. Ultrasound was introduced in the mid-20th century for back-fat thickness measurements, TUS has evolved to offer a non-invasive, real-time imaging modality that allows for the detection of lung and pleural abnormalities such as consolidations, pleural effusions, and B-lines. These features are vital indicators of respiratory disease, and their early identification through TUS can significantly improve clinical outcomes. Compared to traditional diagnostic methods like auscultation or radiography, TUS provides superior accuracy in detecting both subclinical and advanced respiratory conditions, particularly in high-risk populations. Furthermore, TUS has demonstrated strong prognostic value, with studies showing that the extent of lung consolidation correlates with higher relapse risk, reduced growth performance, and increased mortality.
Interpretation of COVID-19 Epidemiological Trends in Mexico Through Wastewater Surveillance Using Simple Machine Learning Algorithms for Rapid Decision-Making
Authors: Armenta-Castro Arnoldo , de la Rosa Orlando , Aguayo-Acosta Alberto , Oyervides-Muñoz Mariel Araceli , Flores-Tlacuahuac Antonio , Parra-Saldívar Roberto , Sosa-Hernández Juan Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Detection and quantification of disease-related biomarkers in wastewater samples, denominated Wastewater Based Surveillance (WBS), has proven a valuable strategy for studying the prevalence of infectious diseases within populations in a time and resource-efficient manner, as wastewater samples are representative of all cases within the catchment area, whether they are clinically reported or not. However, analysis and interpretation of WBS datasets for decision-making during public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, remains an area of opportunity. In this article, a database obtained from wastewater sampling at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and university campuses in Monterrey and Mexico City between 2021 and 2022 was used to train simple clustering and regression-based risk assessment models to allow for informed prevention and control measures in high-affluence facilities, even if working with low-dimensionality datasets and a limited number of observations. When dividing weekly data points based on whether the seven-day average daily new COVID-19 cases were above a certain threshold, the resulting clustering model could differentiate between weeks with surges in clinical reports and periods between them with an 83.3% accuracy rate. Moreover, the clustering model provided satisfactory forecasts one week (79.2% accuracy) and two weeks (72.9%) into the future. However, the prediction of the weekly average of new daily cases was limited (R2 = 0.452, MAPE = 180.2%), likely because of insufficient dimensionality in the database. Overall, while simple, WBS-supported models can provide relevant insights for decision-makers during epidemiological outbreaks, regression algorithms for prediction using low-dimensionality datasets can still be improved.
Incidence of Seed-Borne Fungi of Stored Sunflower Seeds (Helianthus annuus) in Tanzania and Their Influence on Seed viability and Vigour
Authors: Selemani Siwajali , Madege Richard , Nzogela Yansinta
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted to study the incidence of seed-borne fungi in stored sunflower seeds under ambient conditions as well as their influence on seed viability and vigour. Certified seeds, Quality Declared Seeds (QDS) and Farmer saved seeds (FSS) were stored for six months. Seed samples were taken every month testing for fungal infection percent (FIP), germination percentage (G%) and seedling vigour index (SVI).
Eight fungal species namely as Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Alternaria padwickii, A. zinniae, Botrytis cinerea, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium vericillioides and Rhizopus arrihizus were identified. At the end of experiment, the maximum species infection percentage were recorded on F. vericillioides (14.39), B. cinerea (14.28) in FSS and the minimum by A. zinniae (1.83) with QDS. Maximum total fungal infection incidence was recorded with FSS (73.11%) and minimum with QDS (66.94%) and certified seeds (67.06%). The QDS recorded the highest G% (81.56) and certified seeds (81.33%), the maximum SVI (96.76) was in certified seeds and 95.69 (in QDS). The minimum G% (60.67) and SVI (65.98) were found in FSS. The highest G% and SVI were recorded in seeds with minimum FIP. These results suggest that, fungal infections may negatively affect the seed viability and vigour. For the first time, the incidence of seed-borne fungi in stored sunflower seeds have been determined in Tanzania.
Integrating AI-Guided Instruction with Alternate Reality Games: Enhancing Learning Emotions, Engagement, and Control Beliefs in Digital Learning Environments
Authors: Lu Ruei-Shan , Lin Hao-Chiang Koong , Yang Yong-Cih
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the application of AI-guided instruction combined with Alternate Reality Games (ARG) to enhance learning performance, specifically focusing on students' learning emotions, engagement, and control beliefs. Based on the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Large Language Model (LLM) framework, this study aims to address challenges caused by traditional AI-led instruction, such as emotional detachment and learning disengagement. By integrating immersive ARG experiences, the study evaluates the learning outcomes of students with different cognitive styles in an introductory digital learning course. A qualitative grounded theory approach is used, analyzing data from interviews with 65 students to understand their learning experiences. The findings indicate significant improvement in students' engagement, emotional connections, and sense of control over their learning process when ARG elements were incorporated. Implications for the future of digital learning, as well as recommendations for addressing challenges in AI-enhanced education, are discussed.
The Immunomodulatory Role of Regulatory T Cells in Preterm Birth and Associated Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Mureanu Nicoleta , Bowman Amanda M. , Porter-Wright Imogen A. , Verma Priya , Efthymiou Athina , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Scotta Cristiano , Lombardi Giovanna , Tribe Rachel M. , Shangaris Panicos
Published: October 2024

Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), defined as live birth before 37 weeks of gestational age, is associated with immune dysregulation and pro-inflammatory conditions that profoundly impact newborn health. The question of immune integrity at the maternal-fetal interface is a focus of recent studies centring not only sPTB but the conditions often affiliated with this outcome. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical anti-inflammatory role in pregnancy, promoting fetal tolerance and placentation. Due to this gestational role, it is hypothesised that decreased or dysfunctional Tregs may be implicated in cases of sPTB. This review examines studies comparing Treg presence in healthy term pregnancies and those with sPTB-associated conditions, revealing conflicting findings across different conditions and within sPTB itself. Treg deficiencies may contribute to health issues in preterm newborns. Current sPTB treatments are limited, underscoring the potential of in utero therapies targeting inflammation, including T cell interventions. Future research aims to establish consensus on the role of Tregs in sPTB and associated conditions and advancing understanding of mechanisms leading to Treg deficiencies in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Higher Blood Neuropeptide Y Concentration Is Associated with Better Prognosis After Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Budzyński Jacek , Czarnecki Damian , Ziółkowski Marcin , Szukay Beata , Mysiak Natalia , Staniewska Agata , Michalska Małgorzata , Żekanowska Ewa , Tojek Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Background: The early identification of patients at risk of peri-procedural complications and poor prognosis is very important. We conducted our study to determine if there are associations between serum orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentration and nutritional status, and prognosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).
Materials and Methods: A cohort study with a 3-month follow-up was conducted with 84 consecutive inpatients who underwent elective surgery in one center between 2016 and 2019 for primary CRC. In all patients, clinical characteristics and nutritional status were assessed. In a long-term follow-up (median; IQR: 1322; 930-1788 days; average 3.6 years), the patients’ survival status was checked during a telephone visit.
Results: Before CRC surgery, patients with serum NPY concentration equal to or higher than the median value (661.70 pg/ml) had, in comparison to individuals with lower blood NPY concentration, higher scores in Mini Nutritional Assessment, Barthel, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaires, greater handgrip strength, a lower score in the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, almost a three times lower risk of perioperative complications, as well as, at the 3-month follow-up visit, higher Barthel and IADL scores and larger calf circumference. Higher blood NPY concentration was predictive of a low Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score at the 3-month visit, and significantly influenced patients’ survival during the 1200 days after CRC surgery.
Conclusions: Higher blood NPY concentration was associated with lower nutritional risk, more favorable patient nutritional and functional status, and better survival during the 1200 days after CRC surgery.
Almanya Alfeld Öğretmen Semineri ve Osmanlı Son Döneminde “Savaşın Meyvesi” Türk Öğrenciler (1917-1921)
Authors: Aksoy Seyma , Gündüz Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Osmanlı son döneminde Türk-Alman siyasi yakınlaşması ve akabinde gelişen askeri ilişkiler, yurt dışına öğrenci gönderme pratiğinde Almanya'yı öne çıkarmıştır. Bu süreçte, Almanya’da farklı eğitim ve staj alanlarında bine yakın Türk öğrenci bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerden bir bölümü devlet tarafından öğretmenlik eğitimi almaları için çeşitli kurumlara gönderilmişlerdir. Bunlardan biri olan, Alfeld Protestan Öğretmen Semineri’nde beş Türk öğrenci 1917 yılında geldikleri kurumdan 1921’de öğrenimlerini tamamlayarak yurda dönmüşlerdir. Almanya’ya pedagoji eğitimi almak üzere gönderilen öğrenciler ve bunların eğitimleri ve yurda döndükten sonraki faaliyetleri hakkında bu güne kadar kapsamlı bir araştırmanın yapılmadığı görülmektedir. Bu araştırma, söz konusu bağlamda Alfeld Protestan Öğretmen Semineri öğretmenlerinden Wilhelm Habermalz’ın yazdığı kurum tarihi başta olmak üzere, arşiv kaynakları kullanılarak, Almanya’ya pedagoji eğitimi almak için gönderilen Osmanlı talebelerini konu edinmiştir. Bu kaynaklar, doküman analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir.
Çalışmada, öğrencilerin hazır buldukları eğitim alanı ve sosyal okul ortamları belli yönleriyle tasvir edilerek, ders notları bu bağlamda incelenmiştir. Sonuçta, gayretli ve başarılı olarak nitelendirilen Türk öğrencilerin, gerek öğretmenleriyle gerekse arkadaşlarıyla mezuniyetlerinden sonra da devam eden bir bağlarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
An Inventory of Proposed and Enacted Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Policies at the State, Local, and Tribal Levels in the United States, 2014‒2023
Authors: Davis Jennie N. , Goon Shatabdi , Gouck Jessie , Solar Sarah E. , Mancini Sally , Hinojosa Alberto M. Ortega , Krieger James , Falbe Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Objectives. To inventory and describe trends in proposal and enactment of US sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) policies at state, local, and Tribal levels, 2014–2023.

Methods. We systematically searched 6 policy databases in 2021 (updated May 2023) using SSB-related search terms, identifying additional policies through snowball and online searches and a survey of food-policy experts. We reviewed 10 821 policies for inclusion and quantitatively coded included policies.

Results. The inventory included 400 (321 unique [i.e., excluding companion]) policies meeting criteria: 335 (256 unique) state-, 63 local-, and 2 Tribal-level policies. From 2014 to 2023, 11% of unique state-, 92% of local-, and 100% of Tribal-level proposed policies were enacted. Across jurisdictions, the most frequently proposed policies related to excise taxes, restaurant children’s meals, nutrition standards, and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, while the largest proportions of enacted policies related to restaurant children’s meals, nutrition standards, education, and procurement. More policies were proposed and enacted in California and New York than other states, and in 2017 (proposed) and 2016 (enacted).

Conclusions. This comprehensive inventory of US SSB policies provides information to inform future SSB policy development and diffusion. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(12):1344–1353. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307855 )
Literature review of Microseira wollei distribution, environmental drivers, and risks : Lake St. Clair, Michigan, case study
Authors: Calomeni-Eck Alyssa , Thomas Catherine , Butler Afrachanna , McQueen Andrew , Slack Todd , Mausolf Gregory , Bednar Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

Microseira wollei (formerly Lyngbya wollei) has grown to noxious densities within Lake St. Clair, located between Lake Erie and Lake Huron. De-spite the limited data on this cyanobacterium within Lake St. Clair, data exists for M. wollei within the Great Lakes region and in the southeastern United States, where water resource managers have been managing growths for decades. These data provide pertinent insights into the environmental distribution, environmental drivers, risks, and management of M. wollei, which is mainly distributed within eastern states and provinces in North America, from Canada to Florida. Environmental drivers may be site-specific and specific to the M. wollei population; therefore, the environmental drivers identified in this literature review are a starting point to inform further investigations. M. wollei within Lake St. Clair may pose risks to humans. Risks may originate from toxins, disinfection by-products, and, potentially, fecal indicator bacteria. M. wollei has the potential to produce a range of toxins; however, the most prevalent toxins are saxitoxins, a group of neurotoxins. This literature review will help the US Army Corps of Engineers Detroit District; Macomb County, Michigan; and other interested parties understand potential triggers for growth, communicate risks, and help develop an adaptive management framework.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Augmented Reality (AR) pada Pembelajaran Perangkat Keras Komputer di SMK Al-Aziziyah Candi
Authors: Syarif Abril Umar , Astuti Cindy Cahyaning
Published: October 2024

A good learning process must contain interactive, fun, challenging, motivating aspects and provide more space for students to be able to develop creativity and independence. For this reason, in realizing effective learning media, it is necessary to use technology in the field of education, namely learning media using virtual technology or often referred to as AR. This development research uses the ADDIE development model (analyze, design, development, implementation, evaluation). The purpose of this research is to develop AR learning media on computer hardware learning at SMK Al Aziziyah Candi. Based on the results of the development of AR learning media, computer hardware has been developed and is very feasible to use. The results of validation by media experts and material experts on the products developed include indicators of media quality, presentation, language, material content and language. Based on the results of validation by media experts and material experts obtained validity with a percentage of media experts 94%, material experts 95%, and small-scale trials with a percentage of 91.25% with very feasible and usable criteria.
Sistem Klasifikasi Citra Simplisia Fructus Dalam Obat Tradisional Madura Menggunakan Transfer Learning Pada Algoritma CNN
Authors: Elnursa Dian Budi , Tahir Muhlis , Jakfar Abdul Azis , Resnanda Rio Meisya
Published: October 2024

Herbal plants have long been a part of traditional medical practices in various cultures, including in Madurese traditional medicine. One crucial component in the preparation of traditional medicine is Simplisia Fructus. Accurate knowledge of Simplisia Fructus is often a challenge, especially for those unfamiliar with it, as recognizing the various forms of Simplisia Fructus can be difficult due to its numerous types. The utilization of artificial intelligence technology, such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), can be a solution to assist in identifying and introducing types of Simplisia Fructus. This research employs transfer learning tested on a small-scale dataset. The dataset comprises six classes: Piperis Nigri Fructus (Black Pepper), Piperis Albi Fructus (White Pepper), Cumini Fructus (Cumin), Amomi Fructus (Cardamom), Tamarindus Indica Fructus Piper Retrofractum Fructus (Javanese Chili), Capsici Frutescentis Fructus (Bird's Eye Chili). The total dataset for all classes is 979. Dataset preprocessing involves dividing it into three parts: 80% for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. Model evaluation using a confusion matrix yielded an accuracy rate of 97%. Additionally, web system testing using blackbox testing resulted in a 99.17% rating in the "Highly Acceptable" category. The system implementation follows the software development life cycle (SDLC), specifically the waterfall model for software development and web coding using the Flask framework. The outcome of this research is a web-based application capable of recognizing types of Simplisia Fructus within the category of Madurese traditional medicine
Enpp1 ameliorates NAFLD by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism through the AMPK/PPARα signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Chen Shuai , Liu Xing , Wu Xianxian , Jiang Xiaoliang , Li Yuhan , yang zhiwei
Published: October 2024

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading chronic liver disease worldwide, and there are no approved pharmacotherapies to treat this disease. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1) has been found to be related to insulin resistance and lipid accumulation. However, the role and mechanism of Enpp1 in the development of NAFLD remain unknown.
Results Here we discovered that Enpp1 is lowly expressed in the liver of NAFLD patients by clinical investigation. Knocking out Enpp1 in the liver of mice aggravated obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, and these effects were reversed by liver-specific Enpp1 over-expression. Then, through transcriptomic data mining and experimental validation, we demonstrated that Enpp1 deficiency inhibited the expression of AMPK (energy receptor) and PPARα (nuclear transcription factor for lipid metabolism), thereby promoting the transcription of lipid synthesis factors and mediating the progression of NAFLD. Mechanistically, Enpp1 enhanced the activity of AMPK by increasing the AMP-to-ATP ratio, which in turn raised the level of PPARα and promotes the transcription of its downstream lipid metabolism factors. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK activity abolished the promoting effect of Enpp1 on PPARα protein expression.
Conclusion This study indicate that Enpp1 can effectively ameliorate NAFLD through AMPK/PPARα signaling pathway-mediated lipid metabolism, and reveal the significance of Enpp1 as a promising therapeutic target against NAFLD.
Cannulated Intravaginal Injection Technique® (CIVIT); A novel vaginal injection technique
Authors: Leylek Ozgur , Peker Berna Haliloglu , Demircivi Ergul , Peker Hakan
Published: October 2024

Objective
Non surgical procedures such as; fillers, PRP and derivates, energy based devices, adipose derivated mesenchimal stem cell treatments are begun to use in women genital area for functional and aesthetic goals as well. After the genital injectable HA was produced, patients were able to benefit from the applications more effectively and it was begun to use in the vagina more common. In our study, we aimed to demonstrate a new intravaginal injection technique, Cannulated Intravaginal Injection Technique® (CIVIT) that we can perform vaginal injection more homogenously and less traumatic and more effectively to the entire vaginal mucosa.
Materials and methods
Retrospectively the data of 43 patients who underwent intravaginal injection of HA manufactured for genital use in private Female Health Clinic were analysed. 21 of 43 were injected by random needling and 23 were injected with CIVIT® and they were all have genitourinary syndrome symptoms (GUS), vaginal health index below 15 and compared for female sexual function index and visual analog scala for GUS before and after the procedures.
Results
It was observed that all postinjection values except for FSFI arousal (p = 0.539), were statistically significantly higher in the CIVIT group (P = 0.001). Postinjection dryness, dyspareunia and discomfort values decreased significantly in the CIVIT® group compared to the Random Needling group.
Conclusion
Our new technique, CIVIT, and random injection, which is a frequently used technique, are two effective techniques for vaginal rejuvenation. However, CIVIT is significantly more effective than the random technique in improving genitourinary symptoms, vaginal health index and sexual function.
Nomogram Predicts In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Emergency Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Ying , Wu Mengmeng , Ouyang Lanxin , Jiang Wei , Liu Di
Published: October 2024

Background
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a frequent issue encountered in emergency departments, associated with significant rates of incidence and mortality. This study aims to create and validate a reliable nomogram to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients experiencing emergency GIB. Additionally, it seeks to identify the risk factors that influence mortality and to equip the emergency clinical team with a precise predictive tool.
Methods
This study utilized a retrospective cohort design to analyze data from patients with GIB who presented to the emergency departments and were subsequently admitted at three branches of Wuhan Central Hospital: Nanjing Road, Houhu, and Yangchunhu, from January to December 2023. Patient information was collected through the hospital's information system. The LASSO regression method was employed to identify key variables for prediction, and a nomogram was constructed using multivariate logistic regression. The model's ability to discriminate between outcomes was assessed by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Furthermore, calibration analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to evaluate the model's performance.
Results
A total of 847 patients were included, with 75 (8.85%) dying during hospitalization. In-hospital mortality was more common among elderly patients (median age 73 years vs. 65.5 years for survivors, P < 0.001). Deceased patients had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures, higher heart rates, and higher shock indices upon emergency admission (P < 0.001). They were more likely to arrive by ambulance (P < 0.001) and classified as ESI Level 1 (P < 0.001). Additionally, they had a higher incidence of malignant tumors (P < 0.001), underwent fewer surgeries (P = 0.003), and received fewer hemostasis procedures (P < 0.001). Their total hospitalization costs were also higher (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified Ambulance ED, Shock Index > 1, ICU admission, malignancy, and hemostatic procedures as independent risk factors for GIB. ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.862 (95% CI: 0.786–0.939) for the training cohort and 0.846 (95% CI: 0.787–0.904) for the validation cohort.
Conclusion
The developed nomogram model effectively predicts in-hospital mortality risk among emergency GIB patients, demonstrating good classification performance and clinical potential. It is recommended that this model be integrated into clinical information systems to support decision-making and optimize patient management.
Evaluation and optimization strategy for heat exposure space based on behavioral characteristics of crowd activity: A case study of the central Beijing
Authors: Yang Xin , Chen Yue , Wang Zhihao , Ma Xin
Published: October 2024

With the increase of urbanization and global warming in recent years, extreme heat wave events have occurred frequently, and heat waves have caused significant impact on human health and even social development, and heat exposure has become an important environmental cause of human morbidity and mortality. From a human perspective, this paper studies the spatial and temporal characteristics of street heat exposure space and the spatial and temporal differences of crowd activities in central urban areas of Beijing with the help of ArcGIS platform spatial analysis. Combining the spatial distribution of urban street heat exposure with crowd activities, the risk assessment of street heat exposure space during high temperature period is carried out to determine the distribution of high-risk grades. This paper identifies street functions by combining POI data, and divides crowd activities into "necessary activities" and "spontaneous activities" according to street types. Combined with the conclusion on the spatial distribution of dangerous heat, this paper aims to target the spatial environment characteristics of high-risk heat exposure from a humanistic perspective. This paper proposes optimization strategies for the mitigation and reconstruction of dangerous heat space of different population behavior types from three aspects: environmental construction, behavioral activities and physical and mental needs.
The characteristics of surgical site infection with class I incision in Neurosurgery
Authors: Li Yifei , Gao Ling , Fan Shanhong
Published: October 2024

Objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) were recognized to be the most common complication of neurological surgery, with substantial life quality threats to patients and additional cost burdens to healthcare facilities. This study sought to expound the infection characteristics of class I incision and provide clinical indication for the prevention and treatment of SSIs.
Methods: A 2-year retrospective analysis was conducted according to patients who performed neurological surgery with class I incision in a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Shaanxi Province, China. Case mix index (CMI)-adjusted and national nosocomial infection surveillance (NNIS) risk index-adjusted SSI rate were utilized for analytical standardization. The SSIs were specifically analyzed according to various departments, surgeons, and surgical classifications.
Findings: 6046 surgical cases were finally included in our study. The majority of the American Society of Aneshesiologists (ASA) score and NNIS risk index of surgeries were allocated in level 2 and score 1. Our study found 121 SSI cases, with the crude infection rate of 2.00%. 95.04% were organ/space infection. The most of the infection were found in the surgeries with score 1 (68.60%) of the NNIS risk index. The main surgical classification was resection of space occupying lesions (61.96%). The highest crude and NNIS risk index adjusted infection were individually found in hybrid operation (11.67%) and endoscopy-assisted resection of space occupying lesions (13.33%). 21 of 54 surgeons were found to have SSIs. We found the main pathogenic bacteria was Staphylococcus epidermidis ( 22.81%), and the commonly prophylactic used antibiotics was Cefazolin (51.95%) .
Conclusion: Our study found the main infection was among surgeries with score 1 of NNIS risk index and the surgical classification of endoscopy-assisted resection of space occupying lesions. We indicated specific attention should be paid to the surgeon and surgical classification with highest infection rate to control and prevent SSIs.
Association between Red blood cell distribution width and encephalitis based on the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit database: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: He weichao , Yang Qilin , zhang Xujie , wang qian , Liu xiaojuan , tong shanshan
Published: October 2024

Background We aimed to explore the association between RDW and encephalitis in Chinese children on Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) database.
Methods In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed a China-based PIC database spanning from 2010 to 2018. Children admitted to the PIC with encephalitis were included as participants to investigate the correlation between RDW and encephalitis. Additionally, multifactorial logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis models and stratified analyses were utilized to evaluate this relationship.
Results A total of 10185 participants were enrolled, among whom the encephalitis prevalence was 1.7% (173/10185). Multivariate regression models revealed that encephalitis in Chinese children was significantly decreased by 18% with 1% increase in RDW after adjusting for all covariates. (Adjusted OR =0.82, 95% CI: 0.73~0.92). When the RDW was analyzed using quartiles, The adjusted OR (95% CI) of encephalitis for participants in the highest RDW Q4 (≥15.9%) were 0.44 (0.23~0.85), respectively. Compared with individuals with lower RDW Q1 (≤13%) (P for trend = 0.011). The association between RDW and childhood encephalitis was stable in the different subgroups ( P for interaction＞0.05). Interaction analysis revealed no interactive role in the association between RDW and encephalitis of the childhood.
Conclusions Our study indicated that RDW was negatively associated with encephalitis in Chinese children. Furthermulticenter prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.