bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arte y salud, las prescripciones museales, una forma innovadora de superar la pandemia
Authors: Sánchez Gabriela
Published: September 2020

Promover modos de visibilización y de apertura a nuevos espacios para la creación impulsó a las instituciones culturales a iniciar programas y proyectos innovadores que enriquecen, proyectan y acercan a las comunidades en las que están inmersas. Este trabajo se focaliza en las acciones innovadoras de salud propulsadas por el Museo de Bellas artes de Montreal y Médicos francófonos de Canadá (MFDC), que permite a los médicos realiza "prescripciones museales", iniciativa única en el mundo.
Lecciones aprendidas del diseño de parques solares fotovoltaicos: Un enfoque de las características técnicas
Authors: Jiménez Juan David
Published: September 2020

El diseño de parques solares fotovoltaicos presenta una incertidumbre técnica en la búsqueda de una solución óptima (beneficio/costo) para implementar en un determinado proyecto. Los beneficios en la selección de un sistema de inversores centralizados o distribuidos varían según la disposición tecnológica de cada país. Adicionalmente, los recientes desarrollos tecnológicos pueden presentar incompatibilidad con tecnologías tradicionales, es decir, la elección de una tecnología de inversores exigiría utilizar toda la gama de productos de determinada compañía. Por lo tanto, seleccionar unas características para el diseño (tecnología en inversores centralizados o distribuidos, capacidad de cada panel solar de 330 Wp o 390 Wp) debe considerar una solución integral que incluya entre otros los impactos: técnicos (confiabilidad, pérdidas eléctricas, regulación, nivel de tensión, etc); económicos (precio de equipos, costos nivelados - LCOE, venta de energía, contratos de compra de energía, mantenimiento); logísticos (tiempos de importación, transporte de equipos, necesidad de infraestructura de telecomunicaciones y eléctrica, precio de importación de equipos, precio de tecnologías seleccionadas); regulatorios (requerimientos técnicos de cada país). En el presente paper se presentan las lecciones aprendidas durante la realización del diseño de un Parque Solar de 20 MW ubicado en Panamá.
Efecto de las islas de calor urbano en las principales vías de la Ciudad de Panamá
Authors: Villarreal Danna , Candanedo Martin
Published: September 2020

Las islas de calor urbano se definen como la diferencia de temperatura en un área urbana en comparación de sus alrededores. Estas pueden ser causadas por un alto consumo eléctrico, uso excesivo de automóviles, diseño y planificación de infraestructuras y los materiales utilizados, y la disminución del área verde. Debido a su presencia en distintas ciudades del mundo y analizadas con estudios pertinentes, se decide realizar un estudio en las principales vías de la Ciudad de Panamá. Se plantea investigar la existencia de islas de calor y sus posibles causas, debido a su desarrollo urbano no planificado. Se delimitan cuatro zonas de estudio para recolectar datos de temperatura con un termo higrómetro en un horario de 8:00am, 2:00pm y 8:00pm en temporada de transición, lluviosa y seca. Consiguiente, se elaboraron mapas de isotermas utilizando el método de EBK. Como resultado se obtuvieron diferencias de temperaturas máximas y mínimas de 9°C para el período matutino, 8,1°C para la tarde y 2,4°C para la noche para la temporada de transición; los valores de 10.5°C para la mañana, 8,1°C para la tarde y 3,3°C para la noche en temporada lluviosa; y por último la temporada seca con 7,8°C para el horario matutino, 9°C para el vespertino y 2,6°C para el nocturno. Se comprueban las islas de calor y su relación con edificios altos, uso de automóviles, el uso de asfalto como material para las calles y factores ambientales como la lluvia, nubes y vientos promueven la generación de ellas.
Confidencialidad de datos mediante el grabado de códigos QR cifrados: ID-óptico
Authors: Padrón Godínez Alejandro
Published: September 2020

La implementación de sistemas digitales de seguridad sigue aumento en medios portátiles como en identificaciones personales, tarjetas de crédito, chequeras, telefonía celular, computadoras, por mencionar algunos. Estos dispositivos se usan para control de acceso a bancos de información valiosa, transacciones importantes o bien para manejo de información clasificada. Las marcas de agua son empleadas como candados en documentos valiosos, un ejemplo son los billetes de dinero para verificar su integridad y su autenticidad. Con la combinación de mecanismos de seguridad mediante Criptografía y Esteganografía trae consigo aumentar el nivel de seguridad en el diseño de nuevos dispositivos. Esto se puede lograr gracias a la versatilidad de algoritmos de cifrado que pueden ser implementados en hardware y/o software dependiendo de la aplicación. En este trabajo realizamos una combinación de sistemas de seguridad para el diseño de una marca de agua que contenga un código QR cifrado mediante el algoritmo “Data Encryption Standard” de 8 bytes. Además de la creación de una rejilla de matriz de puntos del propio código QR que genera un patrón de difracción y su correspondiente patrón entrelazado. Se presentan los resultados de las marcas de agua o patrones de difracción en imágenes digitales, pueden ser observadas también cuando se graban en medios portables mediante un proceso de daño óptico automatizado, los cuales pueden ser empleados como identificadores de control de acceso y muchas otras aplicaciones de seguridad de la información.
Evaluación de la técnica de fusión de sensores para la detección de ocupación en una oficina universitaria
Authors: Chen Austin Miguel
Published: September 2020

Dado que el éxito de desarrollar edificios con mayor eficiencia energética tiene una dependencia quirúrgica del comportamiento de los ocupantes y el uso de los sistemas, la necesidad de tener en cuenta su comportamiento correcto en la simulación del diseño de los edificios en etapa inicial y la evaluación del consumo de energía, aumenta rápidamente. Para abordar esta necesidad, se está implementando ampliamente una técnica llamada fusión de sensores en el dominio del edificio, para desarrollar primero modelos descriptivos precisos para los perfiles de ocupación y, en última instancia, para poder predecir los perfiles típicos. En este contexto, una oficina está instrumentada para monitorear la calidad del aire interior, el consumo de energía y el uso de la ventana y la unidad de aire acondicionado. El estado de ocupación real fue monitoreado manualmente. El análisis de datos permitió resaltar los parámetros más relevantes asociados con el estado de ocupación, basado en el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. El uso de histogramas permitió identificar una combinación óptima de sensores para detectar el estado de ocupación de la sala de oficina. La combinación óptima identificada agrupa los sensores de CO2, energía y estado de la ventana, que detectaron la ocupación con un 91.5% de precisión.
Estrategias de manejo durante el climaterio y menopausia. Guía práctica de atención rápida
Authors: Ayala-Peralta Félix Dasio
Published: September 2020

El climaterio es etapa de vida fisiológica de la mujer donde se presentan síntomas climatéricos y aparición de enfermedades crónicas propias de este periodo, que afectan la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud femenina. La clínica durante el climaterio es variable; pero, los síntomas vasomotores y el síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia son síntomas cardinales de la menopausia.

Las estrategias en el manejo del climaterio han cambiado en los últimos años a raíz de resultados de recientes investigaciones en esta área, ya que no solo se utilizan terapia hormonal y no hormonal; sino que las modificaciones en el estilo de vida, incluida la dieta y el ejercicio, pueden ayudar a reducir los síntomas de la menopausia. Las indicaciones de terapia hormonal de la menopausia están circunscritas para manejo de síntomas climatéricos que afectan la calidad de vida en forma severa, tratamiento de osteoporosis posmenopáusica o riesgo de osteoporosis, menopausia prematura y síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia. Otras medidas terapéuticas deben ser utilizadas en forma individualizada según la necesidad de cada paciente.
The chronicles of coronaviruses: the electron microscope, the doughnut, and the spike
Authors: Lalchhandama K.
Published: September 2020

The advancement of medicine owes in large measure to a German engineer Ernst Ruska, whose invention of transmission electron microscope in 1931 won him the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics, when it comes to infectious diseases. Encouraged by his physician brother Helmut Ruska to use the prototype instrument for the study of viruses, the course of virology was shifted to a different and unprecedented level. Virus could then be seen, identified and imaged. The University of Maryland happened to acquire an American model of transmission EM, the RCA EMU, using which the first structural study was done for the first known coronavirus (then was simply known as infectious bronchitis virus) in 1948. The virus was described as rounded bodies with filamentous projections. The magnification was not great and the resolution was poor. The study was followed by a series of studies using improved techniques and better EM spanning the next decade. An upgraded version RCA-EMU2A gave better images in 1957 and the virus was described as doughnut-like structure. Using Siemens Elmiskop, D.M. Berry and collaborators made the first high-resolution pictures in 1964. The thick envelope which gave doughnut-like appearance and filamentous projections reported before could be discerned as discrete pear-shaped projections called the spikes. These spikes form a corona-like halo around the virus, which were also seen in novel human viruses (B814 and 229E) that caused common colds. The discoverer of B814, David Tyrrell and his aid June Almeida, a magnificent electron microscopist, established that IBV, B814 and 229E were of the same kind of virus in 1967, which prompted to create the name coronavirus in 1968. This article further highlights the detail structural organisation of coronaviruses emanating from these pioneering research.
Short Range Ordering (SRO) Reaction in Ni-base Alloy X-750
Authors: Kim SungSoo , Yeob Jung Jong , Kim Young Suk
Published: September 2020

The short range ordering (SRO) reaction of the X-750 Ni-base alloy used as a garter spring material for CANDU reactors was systematically investigated through differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis. Water quenching (WQ) after solution annealing (SA) and 20% cold rolled (CR) X-750 were prepared and these samples were subjected to ordering treatment at 475 oC for up to 2,160 hours. The WQ and CR specimens showed an exothermic reaction due to the release of entropy formed by the WQ and CR processes, respectively, whereas the ordered WQ and CR specimens exhibited endothermic reactions. The exothermic reaction from the WQ and CR specimens means the SRO reaction occurred. In the WQ specimen, two exothermic reactions at 577 oC and 671 oC were observed, which corresponds to SRO formation of Ni2Cr and CrFe, respectively. The critical temperature and thermal activation energy for these specimens were measured by varying the heating rate. The lattice variation with ordering time at 475 oC up to 2,160 hours was measured by XRD using CuKa X-ray. A 0.03-0.09% lattice contraction of the (200) plane occurred, depending on prior treatment condition. We discuss whether a lattice contraction due to SRO reaction may cause voids, providing formation sites for He bubbles in the X-750 garter spring exposed to the operating environment of the CANDU reactor.
The Role of Instinct in David Hume's Conception of Human Reason
Authors: Hill James
Published: September 2020

This article investigates the role of instinct in Hume's understanding of human reason. It is shown that while in the Treatise Hume makes the strong reductive assertion that reason is ‘nothing but’ an instinct, in the First Enquiry the corresponding statement has been modified in several ways, rendering the relation between instinct and reason more complex. Most importantly, Hume now explicitly recognises that alongside instinctive experimental reasoning, there is a uniquely human intellectual power of intuitive and demonstrative reason that is not itself an instinct. At first sight it may look as if this intellectual reason, that is capable of grasping ‘relations of ideas’, is not even grounded in instinct but is a thoroughly non-natural element in human nature. On closer analysis, however, it is shown that intellectual reason, in its apprehension of ‘abstract’ and general relations, is dependent on language – the use of ‘terms’ – and that language itself is grounded in instinctive associations of ideas. Thus, Hume's overall view is that even the intellect is an outgrowth of instinct and his conception of human nature is, therefore, shown to be fully naturalistic. Yet this naturalism can still make room for the ‘exceptionalism’ of human mathematical thought, which has no counterpart in the animal kingdom where language is lacking.
EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN (PPMK) DI KECAMATAN PENAJAM KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Praja Selvia Junita , Rumbekwan Margaretha , Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan PPMK, mengetahui faktor – faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan PPMK dan mengetahui upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah dalm mengatasi hambatan dalam pelaksanaan PPMK. Konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori evaluasi kebijakan oleh William N. Dunn dengan enam kriteria yaitu, efektivitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, perataan, responsivitas dan ketepatan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode dekriptif dan pendekatan induktif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penentuan keabsahan data dengan melakukan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan PPMK tidak berjalan dengan maksimal dikarenakan pelaksana kebijakan tidak mermiliki komitmen dan pelaksanaan yang buruk sehingga terjadi ketidakkonsistenan. Begitupun dengan ketidaksiapannya anggaran PPMK sehingga mengurangi pencapaian tujuan kebijakan. Peneliti memberikan saran agar pemerintah daerah memaksimalkan tugas pendamping tingkat kabupaten, Memperbaiki mekanisme penganggaran  PPMK menjadi dana pendamping dari dana kelurahan pemerintah pusat. Dan memberikan sanksi kepada kelurahan yang tidak melaksanakan PPMK.

Kata Kunci : kebijakan publik, evaluasi kebijakan, dana kelurahan, PPMK
IMPLEMENTASI “TAT TWAM ASI” DALAM PELAKSANAAN TATA KELOLA PEMERINTAHAN DI PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Ernawati Diah Puspita , Suwetha I Gusti Ngurah
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Tat Twam Asi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lengkap tentang implementasi Tat Twam Asi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Provinsi Bali. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang bersumber dari informan yang telah ditetapkan sesuai tujuan, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari menghimpun data-data yang relevan dengan topik atau masalah yang menjadi obyek penelitian. Konsep implementasi yang digunakan adalah implementasi dari Van Meter dan Van Horn, yaitu pelaksanaan tindakan oleh individu, pejabat, instansi pemerintah atau kelompok swasta yang bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah digariskan dalam keputusan tertentu. Otonomi menuntut pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas dan efektifitas dalam menjalankan roda pemerintahan. Kenyataannya banyak pemerintah daerah yang belum menjalankan fungsi dan peranan secara efisien, hal ini dapat dilihat banyaknya permasalahan yang timbul sehingga harus diikuti dengan serangkaian reformasi sektor publik. Dimensi reformasi sektor publik mengubah format lembaga melalui tata kelola dengan perbaikan  alat-alat yang mendukung berjalannya lembaga publik secara ekonomis, efisien, efektif, transparan, dan akuntabel sehingga mampu tercipta good governance.  Kondisi yang kondusif sangat mendukung  pelaksanaan  semua kegiatan dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan pada setiap jenjang pemerintahan. Dengan kondisi yang kondusif penyelenggaran pemerintahan bisa diimplementasikan sesuai prosudur yang telah disusun dan dapat berjalan  lancar, aman, tenang dan nyaman. Provinsi Bali dalam menjalankan pemerintahan mengikuti paradigma kepemerintahan modern agar mampu menciptakan good governance, disamping tetap mempertahankan nilai-nilai tradisi yang sesuai dengan adat, budaya dan tradisi Bali, salah satunya adalah Tat Twam Asi. “Tat Twam Asi” adalah  salah satu ajaran Hindu, berisi pandangan tentang kesusilaan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara dengan penuh rasa toleran, saling harga menghargai, saling hormat-menghormati, serta tidak mau menang sendiri dalam suatu problematika. Tat Twam Asi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan diimplementasikan mulai dari pemerintahan di tingkat bawah yaitu Desa Pakraman/Desa Adat, untuk menata kehidupan bermasyarakat mulai dari  tingkat paling dasar. Penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dengan berdasar pada agama, adat, dan budaya ini sangat mendukung kegitan-kegiatan pemerintah daerah seperti saat pemerintah daerah akan menyelenggarakan suatu kegiatan yang  melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat  akan melibatkan para pemuka Desa Pakraman/Desa Adat, disamping Desa Dinas.

Kata kunci: Implementasi, Tat Twam Asi  dan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan.
Retrieving the Administrative State: Formalism, Expertise and Democracy in a Time of Crisis
Authors: Jackson Katharine
Published: September 2020

This paper defends the constitutional democratic credentials of the administrative state against (1) libertarian attacks that accuse it of violating the rule of law and the separation of powers; and (2) left-wing attacks that charge it with authoritarian technocracy. It argues that these attacks are founded on a wrong-headed understanding of popular sovereignty and natural rights. It then makes a positive case for administration by incorporating the lessons of political theory's representative turn.
Divide-the-Quarter: Testing Distributive Politics Theories in the States Using Federal Opportunity Zones
Authors: Glick David , Palmer Maxwell
Published: September 2020

In this short paper we use case in which all 50 governors simultaneously faced similar decisions about allocating a constrained set of valuable resources---tax advantaged status for economic development--- to test political alignment theories of resource allocation alongside two less explored alternatives: spreading the wealth by geography, and policy need. We find that governors prioritized county lines such that sites in counties with fewer opportunities to distribute were disproportionately selected. We also find they were responsive to policy need. However, we do not find evidence of particularism based on the politics of an area's voters or its local elected officials. This work thus provides reason for caution when generalizing from the presidential particularism literature to different institutional contexts and different types of resources. It underscores the primacy of geographic boundaries in political decision making, relative to population and other factors, even when they are not units of vote aggregation.
The Market for Belief Systems: A Formal Model of Ideological Choice
Authors: Gries Thomas , Mueller Veronika , Jost John
Published: September 2020

Belief systems play a crucial role when it comes to guiding human information processing, evaluation, judgement, behavior, and social coordination. But why do individuals and groups adopt the specific ideologies they do? And is it possible to use the tools of economics to understand the decisions that are made in the market for ideology? To address these and related questions, we synthesize insights garnered from standard rational choice models, characteristics demand theory, and the distance theory of voting, as well as theory and research on “elective affinities” in psychology. We offer a formal analysis of the role of psychological and consumption needs in shaping the individual’s choice of ideology under circumstances of uncertainty and limited resources and other constraints.
Sharing a Playbook?: The Convergence of Russian and U.S. Narratives about Joe Biden
Authors: Oates Sarah , Gurevich Olya , Walker Christopher , Deibler Danielle , Anderson Jesse
Published: September 2020

This paper combines human coding and artificial intelligence to compare Russian propaganda narratives with discussion of Democratic Presidential candidate Joe Biden in social and mainstream media in the United States in summer 2020. The research found the presence of the same narratives across Russian English-language outlets, Fox News, rightwing websites, and leftwing Twitter. The research found a particularly strong convergence between the use of Biden attack narratives on Russian English-language sites such as RT and Sputnik with Fox News coverage. Across all these outlets, there was much discussion that Biden was corrupt, too old, a sexual deviant, and a placeholder for leftist conspiracy. All the sources aside from rightwing Twitter highlighted that Biden was also the frontrunner in the presidential race. The analysis was carried out by the MarvelousAI StoryArc system, which measures news narratives by combining human coding, natural language processing, and machine learning
Практична реалізація публічної дипломатії Королівства Норвегії в країнах Африки, Близького Сходу, Азії, Центральної та Латинської Америки
Authors: Вовчук Людмила , Белінська Тетяна
Published: September 2020

Стаття присвячена висвітленню питання реалізації публічної дипломатії Королівства Норвегії у країнах Африки, Близького Сходу, Азії, Центральної та Латинської Америки. Даний вид дипломатії здійснює Норвезьке агентство з питань співробітництва у галузі розвитку (NORAD), яке було створене ще у 1968 році як Директорат допомоги розвитку та займається розвитком міжнародного співробітництва Норвегії з іншими акторами міжнародної арени. Публічна дипломатія Норвегії, яку реалізує NORAD, провадиться через інструмент допомоги країнам у питаннях освіти громадян, прав людини та належного управління. Значна увага приділяється захисту довкілля, збереженню лісів і питанням клімату.
Історія родини Юркевич-Сокологорських в історії кобеляцького краю на Полтавщині
Authors: Петренко Ірина
Published: September 2020

У статті йдеться про історію дворянського роду Юркевич-Сокологорських, які проживали на хуторі Ісаївка (належав до села Кустолові Кущі) Кобеляцького повіту Полтавської губернії. Будинок Сокологорських зберігся до нашого часу та є свідком багатьох історичних подій. Захоплення викликає постать дворянки Олени Юркевич-Сокологорської, яка мала сміливий і вольовий характер, наважилася двічі вийти заміж за простолюдинів і народити від них дітей. На долю цієї жінки випали трагічні події: розлучення батьків у дитинстві дівчини, двічі була вдовою, смерть дітей, бідність, позбавлення всього майна радянською владою, Голодомор 1932-1933 років, Друга світова війна, повоєнна відбудова й ін. Незважаючи на це, Олена Юркевич-Сокологорська ніколи не опускала руки, була аристократкою до кінця життя. Її життя – це приклад стійкості, мужності, незламності духа, внутрішнього спротиву трагічним життєвим обставинам. Пам’ять про свій рід і нині зберігають нащадки родини Сокологорських.
Історія та перспективи відновлення Микільської парафії села Вовкодаєве Новоайдарського району Луганської області
Authors: Рубан Микола
Published: September 2020

У статті здійснено спробу дослідити історію заснування та перспективи розвитку Микільської парафії селища Вовкодаєве Новоайдарського району Луганської області. Наведено біографічні відомості щодо останнього багатолітнього настоятеля вовкодаївської громади – репресованого священика Митрофана Таранського. Розглянуто обставини інституалізації Православної Церкви на Старобільщині, зокрема місцевої єпархії обновленської Української Синодальної Церкви, а також події довкола закриття храму села Вовкодаєво на тлі загальної реалізації антирелігійної політики радянського партійного керівництва та ліквідації структур відособлених реформаційних православних конфесій на Луганщині 1930-х рр. З’ясовано обставини повернення експропрійованої будівлі Микільського храму відновленій громаді у складі Лугансько-Старобільської єпархії УПЦ Київського Патріархату на початку 2000-х рр. Визначено можливі шляхи реконструкції храмової споруди та запропоновано стратегію фактичного відновлення діяльності парафії.

Доведено, що за обмежених наявних ресурсів відновлення діяльності громади та ревіталізація храмової будівлі можливі лише за умови створення на її місці монастиря – паломницького центру, що, у свою чергу, також дозволить здійснювати ефективну місіонерську діяльність серед місцевих представників дисидентських православних громад.

Проаналізовано історію розвитку православного чернецтва та досвід формування мережі монастирів на місці історичних церков на території Луганської області.
Regulation of MicroRNA-497-Targeting AKT2 Influences Tumor Growth and Chemoresistance to Cisplatin in Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Lin , Ji Xiang-Bo , Wang Li-Hong , Qiu Jian-Ge , Zhou Feng-Mei , Liu Wen-Jing , Wan Di-di , Lin Marie Chai-mi , Liu Ling-Zhi , Zhang Jian-Ying , Jiang Bing-Hua
Published: September 2020

Background

MicroRNA-497 (miR-497) has been implicated in several cancers. Increasing studies demonstrate the role of AKT2 in cancers as an oncogene which is closely associated with tumor aggressiveness by enhancing cancer cell survival, migration and invasion However, miR-497/AKT2 axis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear.

Methods

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify the expression of miR-497 and its target gene. The function of miR-497 in lung cancer was investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays (cell proliferation assay, cell migration assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, immunoblotting and tumorigenesis assay). Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the target gene of miR-497.

Results

In this study, we found that miR-497 was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues and blood samples of lung cancer patients. To understand the potential mechanism of miR-497 in inhibiting tumor growth, we showed that miR-497 blocked the activation of AKT2 and regulated cell proliferation, cell migration, colony formation and increases chemosensitivity of H1299 cells to cisplatin by inhibiting AKT2. MiR-497 also inhibited tumor growth and suppressed expression of AKT2 at the protein and mRNA levels in mouse xenograft tumors.

Conclusion

Taken together, our findings indicated that miR-497 suppresses the tumor growth by targeting AKT2, and the miR-497/AKT2 axis is a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC intervention.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam Between Healthy Post-partum vs. Mid-lactation Dairy Cattle
Authors: Warner Rochelle , Ydstie Joshua A. , Wulf Larry W. , Gehring Ronette , Coetzee Johann F. , Mochel Jonathan P. , Gorden Patrick J.
Published: September 2020

Lactating dairy cattle are at risk for various painful conditions throughout their life, such as lameness, parturition, mastitis, and metabolic disorders. These conditions necessitate adequate methods of analgesia to address welfare concerns through efficacious pain mitigation. As no method of analgesia has been approved for lactating dairy cattle, to date, research is necessary to determine effective pain management strategies for dairy cattle. In both the European Union and Canada, meloxicam has been approved for use in lactating dairy cattle as a methodology for pain control. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam administered orally and intravenously to lactating dairy cattle in the post-partum vs. mid-lactation period. In this parallel study design, 12 healthy, lactating Holsteins were enrolled within 24 h of freshening and randomly allocated to intravenous (0.2 mg/kg) or oral (1.0 mg/kg) meloxicam administration treatment groups. They were matched based on parity to 12, healthy cows that were considered mid-lactation [>150 days-in-milk (DIM)] to receive the same treatment. Based on meloxicam formulation, sampling times varied and plasma was collection via jugular venipuncture for 6 days. Plasma drug concentrations were evaluated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy and pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated using non-compartmental (i.e., statistical moments) analysis. Results indicated a decreased systemic clearance of meloxicam in post-partum relative to mid-lactation cows, which resulted in a longer half-life and increased total exposure independent of mode of administration. These results suggest a need for dose adjustments based on stage in lactation and further assessment of the impact of days-in-milk on milk withholding period.
A Linear-Time Algorithm for the Isometric Reconciliation of Unrooted Trees
Authors: Brejová Broňa , Královič Rastislav
Published: September 2020

In the reconciliation problem, we are given two phylogenetic trees. A species tree represents the evolutionary history of a group of species, and a gene tree represents the history of a family of related genes within these species. A reconciliation maps nodes of the gene tree to the corresponding points of the species tree, and thus helps to interpret the gene family history. In this paper, we study the case when both trees are unrooted and their edge lengths are known exactly. The goal is to root them and to find a reconciliation that agrees with the edge lengths. We show a linear-time algorithm for finding the set of all possible root locations, which is a significant improvement compared to the previous O(N3logN) algorithm.
An Image Hashing Algorithm for Authentication with Multi-Attack Reference Generation and Adaptive Thresholding
Authors: Du Ling , He Zehong , Wang Yijing , Wang Xiaochao , Ho Anthony T. S.
Published: September 2020

Image hashing-based authentication methods have been widely studied with continuous advancements owing to the speed and memory efficiency. However, reference hash generation and threshold setting, which are used for similarity measures between original images and corresponding distorted version, are important but less considered by most of existing models. In this paper, we propose an image hashing method based on multi-attack reference generation and adaptive thresholding for image authentication. We propose to build the prior information set based on the help of multiple virtual prior attacks, and present a multi-attack reference generation method based on hashing clusters. The perceptual hashing algorithm was applied to the reference/queried image to obtain the hashing codes for authentication. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of adaptive thresholding to account for variations in hashing distance. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets have validated the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production
Authors: Havlin John , Heiniger Ron
Published: September 2020

Increasing crop productivity per unit of land area to meet future food and fiber demand increases both soil nutrient removal and the importance of replenishing soil fertility through efficient nutrient management practices. Significant progress in enhancing nutrient-use efficiency in production agriculture requires improved estimates of plant-available nutrients in the root zone, enhanced crop response to applied nutrients, and reduced offsite nutrient transport. This special issue, Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production, presents 15 manuscripts that advance our knowledge of interrelated soil, plant, and management factors important to increasing the nutrient availability and crop recovery of applied nutrients.
Developing an Animal Welfare Assessment Protocol for Cows in Extensive Beef Cow–Calf Systems in New Zealand. Part 1: Assessing the Feasibility of Identified Animal Welfare Assessment Measures
Authors: Kaurivi Y. Baby , Laven Richard , Hickson Rebecca , Parkinson Tim , Stafford Kevin
Published: September 2020

Potential measures suitable for assessing welfare in pasture-based beef cow–calf systems in New Zealand were identified from Welfare Quality and UC Davis Cow-Calf protocols. These were trialled on a single farm and a potential protocol of 50 measures created. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the measures included in this protocol on multiple farms in order, to develop a credible animal welfare assessment protocol for pasture-based cow–calf farms systems in New Zealand. The assessment protocol was trialled on 25 farms over two visits and took a total of 2.5 h over both visits for a 100-cow herd. The first visit in autumn included an animal welfare assessment of 3366 cows during pregnancy scanning, while the second visit in winter included a questionnaire-guided interview to assess cattle management and health, and a farm resource evaluation. Through a process of eliminating unsuitable measures, adjustments of modifiable measures and retaining feasible measures, a protocol with 32 measures was created. The application of the protocol on the farms showed that not all measures are feasible for on-farm assessment, and categorisation of identified animal welfare measures into scores that indicate a threshold of acceptable and non-acceptable welfare standards is necessary.
Investigating the Impact of Sample Preparation on Mass Spectrometry-Based Drug-To-Antibody Ratio Determination for Cysteine- and Lysine-Linked Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Källsten Malin , Hartmann Rafael , Kovac Lucia , Lehmann Fredrik , Lind Sara Bergström , Bergquist Jonas
Published: September 2020

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are heterogeneous biotherapeutics and differ vastly in their physicochemical properties depending on their design. The number of small drug molecules covalently attached to each antibody molecule is commonly referred to as the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). Established analytical protocols for mass spectrometry (MS)-investigation of antibodies and ADCs often require sample treatment such as desalting or interchain disulfide bond reduction prior to analysis. Herein, the impact of the desalting and reduction steps—as well as the sample concentration and elapsed time between synthesis and analysis of DAR-values (as acquired by reversed phase liquid chromatography MS (RPLC–MS))—was investigated. It was found that the apparent DAR-values could fluctuate by up to 0.6 DAR units due to changes in the sample preparation workflow. For methods involving disulfide reduction by means of dithiothreitol (DTT), an acidic quench is recommended in order to increase DAR reliability. Furthermore, the addition of a desalting step was shown to benefit the ionization efficiencies in RPLC–MS. Finally, in the case of delayed analyses, samples can be stored at four degrees Celsius for up to one week but are better stored at −20 °C for longer periods of time. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that commonly used sample preparation procedures and storage conditions themselves may impact MS-derived DAR-values, which should be taken into account when evaluating analytical procedures.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Human, Chicken and Environmental Samples within Live Bird Markets in Three Nigerian Cities
Authors: Ogundipe Flora Olubunmi , Ojo Olufemi Ernest , Feßler Andrea T. , Hanke Dennis , Awoyomi Olajoju Jokotola , Ojo David Ajiboye , Akintokun Aderonke Kofoworola , Schwarz Stefan , Maurischat Sven
Published: September 2020

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major threat to public health. This study investigated the occurrence of MRSA in humans, chickens, chicken meat and environmental samples within poultry farms and live bird markets in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: MRSA were isolated using selective culture and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution. Selected isolates were characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS). From WGS data, spa, dru, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and SCCmec types, but also virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, were identified. Results: Fifty-six MRSA isolates were detected in 734 samples. They showed resistance to β-lactams (100%), tetracycline (60.7%), ciprofloxacin (33.9%), erythromycin (28.6%), gentamicin (32.1%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (10.7%). All 30 isolates investigated by WGS carried mecA, dfrG, and tet(38) genes. Other resistance genes detected were blaZ (83.3%), fosB (73.3%), tet(K) (60.0%), aacA-aphD (36.6%), aphA3 (33.3%), msr(A) (30.0%), mph(C) (30.0%), dfrS1 (3.3%), and sat4 (3.3%). Seven spa types (t091, t314, t657, t1476, t2331, t4690 and t12236), four known (dt9aw, dt10ao, dt10cj, and dt11a) and two novel (dt10dr and dt11dw) dru types, as well as five sequence types (ST8, ST121, ST152, ST772 and ST789) were found among the MRSA isolates. All ST121 isolates carried an SCCmec type IV cassette and were not dru-typeable. ST152 and ST121 were found only in specific sample categories within defined locations, while ST8 and ST772 were distributed across most sample categories and locations. Three SCCmec types, IVa, V and Vc, were identified. All MRSA isolates possessed virulence genes including aur, clpP, coa, fnbA, esaA, hly, hla, ica, isdA, srtB, sspA, and vWbp, among others. The toxic shock syndrome toxin gene (tst) was not detected in any isolate, whereas the Pantone–Valentine leukocidin genes lukF-PV/lukS-PV were present in all ST121, all ST772, and all but one ST152 isolates. Conclusion: The results of this study (i) showed that chicken meat is contaminated by MRSA and (ii) suggested that live bird markets may serve as focal points for the dissemination of MRSA within the community.
Pro-Aging Effects of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Products
Authors: Battelli Maria Giulia , Bortolotti Massimo , Bolognesi Andrea , Polito Letizia
Published: September 2020

The senescence process is the result of a series of factors that start from the genetic constitution interacting with epigenetic modifications induced by endogenous and environmental causes and that lead to a progressive deterioration at the cellular and functional levels. One of the main causes of aging is oxidative stress deriving from the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and their scavenging through antioxidants. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activities produce uric acid, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which all may be relevant to such equilibrium. This review analyzes XOR activity through in vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical reports, which highlight the pro-aging effects of XOR products. However, XOR activity contributes to a regular level of ROS and RNS, which appears essential for the proper functioning of many physiological pathways. This discourages the use of therapies with XOR inhibitors, unless symptomatic hyperuricemia is present.
Comparison of Disturbance Compensators for a Discrete-Time System with Parameter Uncertainty
Authors: Guo Zhongyi , Ma Haifeng , Song Qinghua
Published: September 2020

The control design for many industrial applications requires compensation for parameter uncertainty and external disturbance. Reported in many previous works, the parameter uncertainty and external disturbance are combined as a lumped disturbance, which is assumed to be smooth and bounded. However, for a discrete-time sliding mode control (DSMC) system, the above assumption may not hold. Here, the parameter uncertainty, along with its compensation in the DSMC system, are reconsidered and reevaluated. The influence of parameter uncertainty on the closed-loop system stability is first addressed. Then, the comparative investigation of the performance of six state-of-the-art disturbance compensators for parameter uncertainty compensation is conducted. Simulation results show that none of these compensators can effectively observe and compensate for the parameter uncertainty.
Improved SP-MCTS-Based Scheduling for Multi-Constraint Hybrid Flow Shop
Authors: Guo Jian , Shi Yaoyao , Chen Zhen , Yu Tao , Shirinzadeh Bijan , Zhao Pan
Published: September 2020

As a typical non-deterministic polynomial (NP)-hard combinatorial optimization problem, the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (HFSSP) is known to be a very common layout in real-life manufacturing scenarios. Even though many metaheuristic approaches have been presented for the HFSSP with makespan criterion, there are limitations of the metaheuristic method in accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability. To address this challenge, an improved SP-MCTS (single-player Monte-Carlo tree search)-based scheduling is proposed for the hybrid flow shop to minimize the makespan considering the multi-constraint. Meanwhile, the Markov decision process (MDP) is applied to transform the HFSSP into the problem of shortest time branch path. The improvement of the algorithm includes the selection policy blending standard deviation, the single-branch expansion strategy and the 4-Rule policy simulation. Based on this improved algorithm, it could accurately locate high-potential branches, economize the resource of the computer and quickly optimize the solution. Then, the parameter combination is introduced to trade off the selection and simulation with the intention of balancing the exploitation and exploration in the search process. Finally, through the analysis of the calculated results, the validity of improved SP-MCTS (ISP-MCTS) for solving the benchmarks is proven, and the ISP-MCTS performs better than the other algorithms in solving large-scale problems.
Propulsion Performance of the Full-Active Flapping Foil in Time-Varying Freestream
Authors: Qi Zhanfeng , Jia Lishuang , Qin Yufeng , Shi Jian , Zhai Jingsheng
Published: September 2020

A numerical investigation of the propulsion performance and hydrodynamic characters of the full-active flapping foil under time-varying freestream is conducted. The finite volume method is used to calculate the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes by commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software Fluent. A mesh of two-dimensional (2D) NACA0012 foil with the Reynolds number Re = 42,000 is used in all simulations. We first investigate the propulsion performance of the flapping foil in the parameter space of reduced frequency and pitching amplitude at a uniform flow velocity. We define the time-varying freestream as a superposition of steady flow and sinusoidal pulsating flow. Then, we study the influence of time-varying flow velocity on the propulsion performance of flapping foil and note that the influence of the time-varying flow is time dependent. For one period, we find that the oscillating amplitude and the oscillating frequency coefficient of the time-varying flow have a significant influence on the propulsion performance of the flapping foil. The influence of the time-varying flow is related to the motion parameters (reduced frequency and pitching amplitude) of the flapping foil. The larger the motion parameters, the more significant the impact of propulsion performance of the flapping foil. For multiple periods, we note that the time-varying freestream has little effect on the propulsion performance of the full-active flapping foil at different pitching amplitudes and reduced frequency. In summary, we conclude that the time-varying incoming flow has little effect on the flapping propulsion performance for multiple periods. We can simplify the time-varying flow to a steady flow field to a certain extent for numerical simulation.
MEXN: Multi-Stage Extraction Network for Patent Document Classification
Authors: Bai Juho , Shim Inwook , Park Seog
Published: September 2020

The patent document has different content for each paragraph, and the length of the document is also very long. Moreover, patent documents are classified hierarchically as multi-labels. Many works have employed deep neural architectures to classify the patent documents. Traditional document classification methods have not well represented the characteristics of entire patent document contents because they usually require a fixed input length. To address this issue, we propose a neural network-based document classification for patent documents by designing a novel multi-stage feature extraction network (MEXN), which comprise of paragraphs encoder and summarizer for all paragraphs. MEXN features analysis of the whole documents hierarchically and providing multi-labels outputs. Furthermore, MEXN preserves computing performance marginally increase. We demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms current state-of-the-art models in patent document classification tasks with multi-label classification experiments for USPD datasets.
Enhancing the Linearity and Stability of a Fabric-Based Strain Sensor with Microfolded Graphene Structures
Authors: Xu Rongqing , Zheng Xin , Chen Miao , Sun Lijun , Chen Jiangwei , Wang Fangfang , Ma Yun
Published: September 2020

Fabric-based strain sensors can be seamlessly integrated into wearable systems for monitoring various physiological signals. Although many different approaches have been proposed to increase the sensitivity of the fabric-based strain sensor, the linearity and stability in large strains are still challenging. In this paper, a fabric-based strain sensor with good linearity and stability was fabricated via a three-step dip-coating method. Specifically, the combination of multiwall carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide was used as the conductive material to enhance the stability. Meanwhile, microfolded structures between two reduced graphene oxide layers were created via pre-stretching to achieve good linearity. Through mechanical experiments, the performance of the fabric-based strain sensor was characterized. In addition, the practical applications of the strain sensor were demonstrated by monitoring different physiological signals.
Multi-Objective Pareto Optimization of Tensile Membrane Architecture for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Maeng Hoyoung , Hyun Kyung Hoon
Published: September 2020

With the global concern about rising greenhouse-gas emissions due to fossil-fuel-based power generation, electricity production using eco-friendly energy sources is becoming increasingly important. Conversion of vibration into electricity is characterized mainly by electrostatic, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric transduction mechanisms, which can be used to generate electricity through a variety of methods. The tensile membrane architecture (TMA)—the means of electricity production investigated in this study—is an architectural structure that is classified into the same category of vibration sources as buildings and bridges, but has not been utilized previously for vibration-generated electricity. The objective of this study is to determine which TMA geometry yields optimal electricity production and stability in a specific region. The developed optimization technique can help future researchers to select the TMA type and material for specific areas and evaluate the suitability of different areas for energy harvesting via the TMA.