bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement in the decadal prediction skill of the northern
hemisphere extra-tropical winter circulation through increased
model resolution
Authors: Schuster Mareike , Grieger Jens , Richling Andy , Schartner Thomas , Illing Sebastian , Kadow Christopher , Müller Wolfgang A. , Pohlmann Holger , Pfahl Stephan , Ulbrich Uwe
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In this study the latest version of the MiKlip decadal hindcast system is analyzed and the effect of different horizontal and vertical resolutions on the prediction skill of the northern hemisphere extra-tropical atmospheric circulation is assessed. Four metrics – the stormtrack, blocking frequencies, cyclone frequencies and windstorm frequencies – are analyzed with respect to the anomaly correlation of their winter averages. The model bias and hindcast skill are evaluated in both, a lower resolution version (LR, atm: T63L47, ocean: 1.5° L40) and a higher resolution version (HR, atm: T127L95, ocean: 0.4° L40) of the MPI-ESM system, for the lead years 2–5 using initializations between 1978 and 2012. While the LR version shows common shortcomings of lower resolution climate models, e.g. a too zonal stormtrack and a negative bias of blocking frequencies over the eastern North Atlantic and Europe, the HR version works against these biases. As a result, a functional chain of significantly improved decadal prediction skill between all four metrics is found with the increase of the spatial resolution. While the stormtrack, is significantly improved primarily over the main source region of synoptic activity – the North Atlantic Current, the other extra-tropical measures experience a significant improvement downstream thereof. Thus, the skill of the cyclone frequencies is significantly improved over the central North Atlantic and Northern Europe, the skill of the blocking frequencies is significantly improved over the Mediterranean, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe and the skill of the windstorms is significantly improved over Newfoundland and Central Europe. Not only is the skill improved with the increase in resolution, but the HR system itself exhibits significant skill over large areas of the North Atlantic and European sector for all four circulation metrics. These results are particularly promising regarding the high socio-economic impact of European winter windstorms and blocking situations.
Chlorine-36/beryllium-10 burial dating of alluvial fan sediments
associated with the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas Fault
system, California, USA
Authors: Balco Greg , Blisniuk Kimberly , Hidy Alan
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We apply cosmogenic-nuclide burial dating using the 36Cl-in-K-feldspar/10Be-in-quartz pair in fluvially transported granitoid clasts to determine the age of alluvial sediment displaced by the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas Fault in southern California. Because the half-lives of 36Cl and 10Be are more different than those of the commonly used 26Al/10Be pair, 36Cl/10Be burial dating should be applicable to sediments in the range ca. 0.2–0.5 Ma that are too young to be accurately dated with the 26Al/10Be pair, and should theoretically be more precise for middle and late Pleistocene sediments in general. However, using the 36Cl/10Be pair is more complex because the 36Cl/10Be production ratio varies with the chemical composition of each sample. We use 36Cl/10Be measurements in samples of granodiorite exposed at the surface at present to validate calculations of the 36Cl/10Be production ratio in this lithology, and then apply this information to determine the burial age of alluvial clasts of the same lithology. This particular field area presents the additional obstacle to burial dating (which is not specific to the 36Cl/10Be pair, but would apply to any) that most buried alluvial clasts are derived from extremely rapidly eroding parts of the San Bernardino Mountains and have correspondingly extremely low nuclide concentrations, the majority of which most likely derives from nucleogenic (for 36Cl) and post-burial production. Although this precludes accurate burial dating of many clasts, data from surface and subsurface samples with higher nuclide concentrations, originating from lower-erosion-rate source areas, show that upper Cabezon Formation alluvium is 260 ka. This is consistent with stratigraphic age constraints as well as independent estimates of long-term fault slip rates, and highlights the potential usefulness of the 36Cl/10Be pair for dating upper and middle Pleistocene clastic sediments.
ACCESS-OM2: A Global Ocean-Sea Ice Model at Three Resolutions
Authors: Kiss Andrew E. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Hannah Nicholas , Boeira Dias Fabio , Brassington Gary B. , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Chapman Christopher , Dobrohotoff Peter , Domingues Catia M. , Duran Earl R. , England Matthew H. , Fiedler Russell , Griffies Stephen M. , Heerdegen Aidan , Heil Petra , Holmes Ryan M. , Klocker Andreas , Marsland Simon J. , Morrison Adele K. , Munroe James , Oke Peter R. , Nikurashin Maxim , Pilo Gabriela S. , Richet Océane , Savita Abhishek , Spence Paul , Stewart Kial D. , Ward Marshall L. , Wu Fanghua , Zhang Xihan
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We introduce a new version of the ocean-sea ice implementation of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator, ACCESS-OM2. The model has been developed with the aim of being aligned as closely as possible with the fully coupled (atmosphere-land-ocean-sea ice) ACCESS-CM2. Importantly, the model is available at three different horizontal resolutions: a coarse resolution (nominally 1° horizontal grid spacing), an eddy-permitting resolution (nominally 0.25°) and an eddy-rich resolution (0.1° with 75 vertical levels), where the eddy-rich model is designed to be incorporated into the Bluelink operational ocean prediction and reanalysis system. The different resolutions have been developed simultaneously, both to allow testing at lower resolutions and to permit comparison across resolutions. In this manuscript, the model is introduced and the individual components are documented. The model performance is evaluated across the three different resolutions, highlighting the relative advantages and disadvantages of running ocean-sea ice models at higher resolution. We find that higher resolution is an advantage in resolving flow through small straits, the structure of western boundary currents and the abyssal overturning cell, but that there is scope for improvements in sub-grid scale parameterisations at the highest resolution.
Modeling groundwater responses to climate change in the Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Li Yanping , Barlage Michael , Chen Fei , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo , Ireson Andrew , Li Zhenhua
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Shallow groundwater in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is recharged predominantly by snowmelt in the spring and may supply water for evapotranspiration through the summer/fall. This two-way exchange is underrepresented in land-surface models. Furthermore, the impacts of climate change on the groundwater recharge are uncertain. In this paper, we use a coupled land and groundwater model to investigate the hydrologic cycle of shallow groundwater in the PPR and study its response to climate change at the end of the 21st century. The results show that the model reasonably simulates the water table depth (WTD) and the timing of recharge processes, but underestimates the seasonal variation of WTD, due to mismatches of the soil types between observations and the model. The most significant change under future climate occurs in the winter, when the warmer temperature changes the rain/snow partitioning, delay the time for snow accumulation/soil freezing while bringing forward early melting/thawing. Such changes lead to an earlier start to a longer recharge season, but with lower recharge rates. Different signals are shown in the eastern and western PPR in the future summer, with reduced precipitation and drier soils in the east but little change in the west. The annual recharge increased by 25% and 50% in the eastern and western PPR, respectively. Additionally, we found the mean and seasonal variation of the simulated WTD are sensitive to soil properties and fine-scale soil information is needed to improve groundwater simulation on a regional scale.
Revised earthquake sources along Manila Trench for tsunami hazard assessment in the South China Sea
Authors: Qiu Qiang , Li Linlin , Hsu Ya-Ju , Wang Yu , Chan Chung-Han , Switzer Adam D.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Seismogenic tsunami hazard assessments are highly dependent on the reliability of earthquake source models. Here in a study of the Manila subduction zone (MSZ) system, we combine the geological characteristics of the subducting plate, the geometry, and coupling state of the subduction interface to propose a series of fault rupture scenarios. We divide the subduction zone into three rupture segments: 14° N–16° N, 16° N–19° N and 19° N–21.7° N inferred from geological structures associated with the down-going Sunda plate. Each of these segments is capable of generating earthquakes of magnitude between Mw 8.5+ and Mw 9+, assuming a-1000-year seismic return period as suggested by previous studies. The most poorly constrained segment of the MSZ lies between 19° N–21.7° N, and here we use both local geological structures and characteristics of other subduction zone earthquakes around the world, to investigate the potential rupture characteristics of this segment. We consider multiple rupture modes for tsunamigenic-earthquake type and megathrust-splay fault earthquakes. These rupture models facilitate an improved understanding of the potential tsunami hazard in the South China Sea (SCS). Hydrodynamic simulations demonstrate that coastlines surrounded the SCS could be devastated by tsunami waves up to 10-m if large megathrust earthquakes occur in these segments. The regions most prone to these hazards include west Luzon of Philippines, southern Taiwan, the southeastern China, central Vietnam and the Palawan Island.
Influencing factors and their interactions of water erosion based on yearly and monthly scale analysis: A case study in the Yellow River basin of China
Authors: Hua Ting , Zhao Wenwu , Liu Yanxu , Liu Yue
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In the Yellow River basin, soil erosion is a significant natural hazard problem, seriously hindering the sustainable development of society. An in-depth assessment of soil erosion and a quantitative identification of the influencing factors are important and fundamental for soil and water conservation. The RUSLE model and geographical detector method were applied to evaluate and identify the dominant factors and spatiotemporal variability in the Yellow River basin. We found that topographical factors such as slope and surface roughness were the dominant factors influencing the spatial distribution of soil erosion in the Yellow River basin, while rainfall and vegetation were as follows. In the period of low rainfall and vegetation coverage, the interaction of rainfall and slope can enhance their impact on the distribution of soil erosion, while the combination of vegetation and slope was the dominant interacting factor in other periods. The dominant driving factors of soil erosion variability were affected by changes in rainfall, but the contribution decreased. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil erosion on a monthly scale was higher, and July had the highest amount of soil erosion with a multi-year average of 12.385 ton/(km²·a). The results provide a better understanding of the relationships between soil erosion and its latent factors in the Yellow River basin. Given the temporal and spatial heterogeneity effects of geographical conditions, especially at the basin scale, policy-makers should form a collaborative environmental governance framework to minimize the risk of soil erosion.
First reported case of Thunderstorm Asthma in Israel
Authors: Yair Yoav , Yair Yifat , Rubin Baruch , Confino-Cohen Ronit , Rosman Yosef , Shachar Eduardo , Rottem Menachem
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We report on the first recorded case of thunderstorm asthma in Israel, that occurred during an exceptionally strong Eastern Mediterranean super-cell thunderstorm on October 25th 2015. The storms were accompanied by intensive lightning activity, severe hail, downbursts and strong winds followed by intense rain. The hospital admission records from three hospitals – two in the direct route of the storm (Meir Medical Center in Kfar-Saba and Ha'Emek in Afula) and the other just west of its ground track (Rambam Medical Center in Haifa) showed that the amount of admissions of patients with respiratory problems in the hours immediately following the storm increased compared with the average numbers in the days before. Following the passage of the gust front and the ensuing increase in particle concentrations, within several hours there was a noticeable increase in the number of patients with respiratory problems, in line with the pattern reported by Thien et al., (2018) for the massive epidemic in Perth, Australia. This increase in patient presentation to the ER persisted for 48–72 hours before going back to normal values, indicating that the event was related to the super-cell outflow. We discuss how the likelihood of incidence of such public-health events associated with thunderstorms will be affected by global trends of population growth, urbanization and climate change.
The Effects of Concept Mapping Instruction on Students’ Attitudes, Motivations, and Self-Efficacy in Educational Technology Class
Authors: Almisad Budour
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of concept mapping instruction on students’ attitudes, motivation, and sense of self-efficacy in relation to conducting an educational technology project. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 78 students who were enrolled in three sections of a “production of teaching material” course in a college of education at a university in Kuwait. A pre-test/post-test pre-experimental design was followed, and data was collected using two questionnaires, one before and one after the use of a concept mapping approach to instruction. The analysis of the pre-test/post-test scores showed that there were significant differences between the post-test and pre-test mean scores on the three scales examined: attitude, motivation, and sense of self-efficacy. The findings indicate that the concept mapping approach to instruction was an effective tool for improving students’ attitudes, motivation, and sense of self-efficacy in relation to conducting an educational technology project.
La clase media y la educación humanista de los estudios generales
Authors: McCadden Martínez Carlos Jeffrey
Published: April 2019

A partir de la Teoría de los sentimientos morales de Adam Smith y de la sociología de los grupos de referencia, se pretende mostrar la relación entre la pobreza, la riqueza y la educación universitaria de los Estudios Generales. Estos deben brindar una adecuada ponderación de la verdadera riqueza que lleve a la formación de una clase media virtuosa, cosa que se echa de menos en México y Latinoamérica
How far are they coming from?
Authors: Otis-Chapados Samuel , Coderre Karolane , Bolduc Stéphane , Moore Katherine
Published: April 2019

Introduction: In the province of Quebec, eight pediatric urologists practice in three tertiary centres covering large territories. To improve the availability of pediatric urology to distant families and to reduce the economic burden on them, we examined the chart of all patients attending the pediatric urological outpatient clinic. Our objectives were to evaluate the distance travelled by each urological pediatric outpatient and to report the most frequent urological referral complains.

Methods: From July 2016 to June 2017, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of all the 3609 pediatric patients seen in the outpatient urological clinic in CHU de Québec. We specifically focused on the travelling distance covered by families and the purpose of referral.

Results: Most patients were boys (78%) and the mean age was 7.2 years. The average one-way distance traveled by each family was 69 km. The patients came more frequently from Capitale-Nationale (63,7%) and Chaudière-Appalaches (21,9%), the closest regions. The most common reasons for consultations were postoperative followups (15%), phimosis and adherences (14%), enuresia (14%), hydronephrosis (13%), micturition disorder (11%), and cryptorchidism and retractile testicles (8%). Of all patients seen for phimosis or cryptorchidism, only 24% and 36% of them, respectively, were scheduled for surgery.

Conclusions: Phimosis, cryptorchidism, and voiding disorders are the most frequent pediatric urological reasons for consultation; primary care continuing medical education seems worthwhile. It would, perhaps, be more beneficial for all to have the pediatric urologists travelling to perform clinics and surgeries in distant regions to save more than 300 km round trip to several families.
The Relationship Between the Religion and the State Between the Western Vision and the Islamic Vision in Its Asian Models
Authors: Mohamed Taha Abdel Aal Taha
Published: April 2019

This study aimed at addressing the relationship between religion and state, by reviewing the evolution of that relationship in the western vision, beginning with the dominance of the Church in the medieval period, and the emergence of the theocratic state, then ideas of secularism, and the conflict between religion and state in the Frame of ideology, Then reviewing a regression in the thesis of the transition to secularism and the emergence of religious presence in the public sphere. On the other hand, the study dealt with the relationship between religion and state in the Islamic vision in its Asian Models. Where the study dealt with the model of the "Madina State" during the era of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which is the Islamic model that spread in the Asian Peninsula, which was the basis of Sunni Islamic thought later. The study also dealt with the "Wilayat al-Faqih" model, which forms the basis of Shiite thought in Iran.

The study relied on the descriptive approach that deals with the analysis and description of the phenomenon. This approach was used in this study to trace the development of the relationship between religion and state in the western vision and Islamic vision in its Asian models.

The study concluded with some results. The most important of these was that: the Western vision to a certain extent passed with integration between religion and the state, as embodied in the model of the "Theocratic State" in the Medieval Period, where the church dominated all the political and social affairs of the state. The Western vision also to a certain extent passed with separation between the religion and the state, as embodied in the model of "secularism", where modernity was linked to the non-involvement of religion in politics, The Western vision also passed with the emergence of a regression in the thesis of the transition to secularism, as reflected in the model of "religious presence in the public sphere. Finally, the Islamic vision with its Asian Models witnessed the difficulty of full integration or separation between the religion and the state, as embodied in the model of the "Madina State" during the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and its thought which is followed by Sunni Islamic thought. And the Shiite "Wilayat al-Faqih" model, which was the origin of a religious mandate for political power, although it differs from the "Theocratic State" model completely.
Image Processing & Neural Network Based Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Zanona Marwan Abo
Published: April 2019

A large percentage of cancer patients are breast cancer patients. The main available methodology to examine the breast cancer is the Mammography. It detects the signs of breast cancer as different signs supports the experts’ decision. Actually, the Mammography is based on human perception and observations. So, build an AI computerized system will take major role in early signs detection. This paper presents an image processing with aid of artificial neural networks computations for computerized signs detection and exploration of breast cancer. The input material is the mammogram images, and the output helps the pathologists to take a decision. A set of input mammogram images was used for development, testing, and evaluation. The mammographic image will be preprocessed and then the features will be extracted using discrete wavelet transformation with aid of Weiner filtration. A historical data of extracted features were used to train a neural network, while the historical extracted features contains both Cancer and non-Cancer images. The combination of neural network machine learning, and rigid image processing techniques resulted accurate outputs. The methodology and results are showed and discussed later in this paper.
Impact of Using Roundhouse Diagram and Discrepancy Strategy to Improve Reflective Thinking Skills to Acquire Scientific Concepts by Primary Third Grade Students in Jordan
Authors: Alebous Tahani
Published: April 2019

The study has shown statistically significant effect at the level (α= 0.05), for both discrepancy and roundhouse strategies, in improving the thinking skills and acquiring the scientific concepts. In comparison to the traditional way, roundhouse strategy has surpassed the discrepancy strategy in improving reflective thinking skills and scientific concepts for primary third grade students. Therefore, the study recommended the adoption of discrepancy and roundhouse strategies to teach science and including it in the teachers’ training courses.
The Effectiveness of a Discovery-Learning Strategy in the Acquisition of Scientific Concepts Among Kindergarten Students in Jordan
Authors: Tannous Intesar
Published: April 2019

The present study aimed to detect the effectiveness of using a discovery-learning strategy in the acquisition of scientific concepts among kindergarten students whose ages are between 5-6 years. The study used the experimental method through semi-experimental design with pre and post-test for the experimental and control groups. To achieve the goal of the study, a visual test for the scientific concepts was developed. After verifying the validity and reliability of the scale, it was applied to the study sample, which included 49 boys and girls randomly assigned to two groups,: An experimental group consisting of 24 boys and girls who were taught by using a discovery-learning strategy, and a control group consisting of 25 boys and girls were taught by using the traditional methods.

The results of variance analysis showed a statistically significant difference at the level α = 0.05 between the mean scores of the responses of the control and experimental groups’ participants in the post-test of scientific concepts, attributed to the use of the discovery-learning strategy, and for the benefit of the experimental group. The study found no statistically significant differences at the level of α = 0.05 between the mean scores of the experimental group's participants in the post-test of scientific concepts attributed to gender variable, nor there was any statistical effect of interaction between gender and teaching strategy. In the light of these results, the study concluded the effectiveness of using a discovery-learning strategy in the acquisition of scientific concepts among kindergarten children.
Geheimhouding en openbaarheid in het Europees bankentoezicht
Authors: ter Kuile G.
Published: April 2019

Geheimhouding en openbaarheid in het Europees bankentoezicht

Bankentoezichthouders krijgen aardig wat verzoeken om informatie en documenten over banken en bankentoezicht. Maar het beroepsgeheim van bankentoezichthouders verhindert deze openbaarheid van bestuur. In 2018 hebben het Hof van Justitie en het Gerecht de regels over het beroepsgeheim verduidelijkt. Dit artikel bespreekt verschillende aspecten uit vijf arresten van 2018 over geheimhoudingsplichten in het bankentoezicht die op gespannen voet kunnen staan met het ‘transparantiebeginsel’. De aspecten zien op het belang van geheimhouding bij bankentoezicht, op het concept ‘vertrouwelijke informatie’ en dat tijdsverloop de vertrouwelijkheid teniet kan doen, en op de overweging dat het ‘recht op een eerlijk proces’ moet worden afgewogen tegen het belang bij geheimhouding.

Gerecht 26 april 2018, zaak T-251/15, Espírito Santo Financial (Portugal)/ECB, ECLI:EU:T:2018:234 (hogere voorziening C-442/18 P.).

HvJ 19 juni 2018, zaak C-15/16, BaFin/Baumeister, ECLI:EU:C:2018:464.

HvJ 13 september 2018, zaak C-358/16, UBS Europe/CSSF, ECLI:EU:C:2018:715.

HvJ 13 september 2018, zaak C-594/16, Buccioni/Banca d’Italia, ECLI:EU:C:2018:717.

Gerecht 27 september 2018, zaak T-116/17, Der Spiegel/ECB, ECLI:EU:T:2018:614.

Artikel 1, 10 lid 3, 11 VEU.

Artikel 15 VWEU.

Artikel 37 Statuut ESCB/ECB (Protocol nr. 4).

Artikel 41 lid 2 sub b, 42, 47, 48 EU Handvest.

Artikel 53 e.v. CRD IV (Richtlijn 2013/36/EU).

Artikel 27 SSMR (Verordening (EU) nr. 1024/2013).

Artikel 26 en 32 SSM-kaderverordening (Verordening (EU) nr. 468/2014).

Besluit ECB/2004/3.
Identification of novel and conserved microRNAs involved in fruit development and ripening in Fragaria vesca
Authors: Han Yuanfang , Chen Guosong , Zhou Heying , Zhang Qing , Qin Ling , Xing Yu
Published: April 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are class of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, either by endonucleolytic cleavage or by translational inhibition. Strawberry is a popular worldwide fresh fruit and is believed to benefit human health. However, the function of miRNAs during this fruit development and ripening remains unknown and miRNAs for specific for these processes are expected to be discovered. In the study, we identified 218 conserved miRNAs and 87 novel miRNAs in Fragaria vesca. Expression profiling of miRNAs during fruit development and ripening was performed, and the expression of targets of the miRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). This study provided data for further research on molecular mechanisms involved in fruit development and ripening.
Comparing the Effects of Upper Limb and Breathing Exercises on Six-Minute Walking Distance among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Three-Group Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Yekefallah leili , Zohal Mohammad , Keshavarzsarkar Ommolbanin , Barikani Ameneh , Gheraati Maryam
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Physical exercise can improve patient outcomes and reduce hospitalization and mortality rates among subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study aimed to compare the effects of upper limb and breathing exercises on six-minute walking distance among these patients. Material and methods: This three-group randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2017–2018 in Velayat hospital, Qazvin, Iran. Seventy-five patients were purposively selected from the outpatient lung clinic of the hospital and randomly allocated to either the 25-patient groups of upper limb exercise, breathing exercise, or control. The patients in the first group were performing upper limb exercises thrice weekly for one month in the study setting. Their counterparts in the second group were doing pursed-lip and diaphragmatic breathing exercises four times daily for one month at their homes. However, the patients in the control group received no exercise intervention. Six-minute walk test was performed by each participant both before and after the study intervention. The SPSS for Windows program (v. 23.0) was used to analyze the data via the Chi-square test, the paired-sample t test, and the one-way analysis of variance. Results: Before the intervention, the groups did not significantly differ from each other respecting six-minute walking distance. During the study, walking distance in the control group did not change significantly, while it remarkably increased in both the upper limb exercise and the breathing exercise groups (p < 0.05). After the intervention, walking distance in the upper limb exercise group was significantly greater than the breathing exercise group (p < 0.05) and the control group (p < 0.05); however, the difference between the breathing exercise and the control groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Upper limb exercise is more effective than breathing exercise in increasing walking distance among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, upper limb exercise can be used as a safe, simple, and inexpensive rehabilitation technique for these patients.
Der Kündigungsschutz des besonderen Vertreters eines Vereins
Authors: Lochelfeldt Sven
Published: April 2019

While the law only stipulates a representative body for both German GmbHs (limited liability companies) and AGs (joint-stock companies), such as the managing director or the executive board, § 30 of the BGB (Germany’s civil code) provides for a further body in addition to the executive board, which can be appointed to represent an association: the special representative. The focus of this investigation is the question of whether the special representative, as an organ of a legal entity, can fall within the personal scope of application of the ‘Dismissal Protection Act’ (KSchG). However, since the special representative is an organ of an association, the applicability of general protection against dismissal could be opposed by § 14 (1), no. 1 of the KSchG, according to which general protection against dismissal does not apply to the members of the organ appointed to legally represent a legal person. Whether and under which conditions the special representative falls under § 14, para. 1, no. 1 of the KSchG as a legal representative is the subject of this investigation.
Caracterização de um sistema de produção em assentamento de reforma agrária no município de Unaí – MG
Authors: Ribeiro Erica Campos , Gastal Marcelo Leite , Melo Thiago Vasconcelos
Published: April 2019

A agricultura familiar no município de Unaí, MG desempenha papel fundamental, pois do total de 3.593 estabelecimentos agrícolas, 2.734 são familiares, correspondendo a 76,1% do total do município. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar os principais sistemas de produção presentes nos assentamentos, além de observar se as informações obtidas possibilitam gerar uma referência para qualificar metodologicamente a prestação de serviço de Assessoria Técnica, Social e Ambiental (ATES). O trabalho foi desenvolvido de outubro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2015 no âmbito de 10 assentamentos da reforma agrária, localizados em Unaí - Minas Gerais, e a metodologia adotada foi a de Diagnóstico Rápido e Dialogado. A elaboração da caracterização possibilitou reconhecer que o meio rural não é homogêneo e é possível fazer uma diferenciação entre os tipos de sistemas. A caracterização é uma importante ferramenta, pois permite conhecer a realidade socioeconômica da família, e propor alternativas tecnológicas compatíveis com os riscos, com a força de trabalho disponível e com os recursos financeiros da família.
Constitucionalización del Derecho y cultura constitucional
Authors: Pegoraro Lucio
Published: April 2019

El ensayo analiza las dificultades que se encuentran a la hora de exportar los principios del constitucionalismo donde la cultura «constitucional» es diferente a la occidental. Además de denunciar las contradicciones internas y el abandono de algunos principios clave que lo inspiraron (desde «no taxation without representation» a «fraternité»), y el ataque a la misma idea de constitución por parte del neoconstitucionalismo, se centra en las características de algunas concepciones del Derecho antitéticas al constitucionalismo, o que proponen diferentes axiologías de valores. En particular, señala que algunas experiencias recientes basadas en la constitucionalización de las tradiciones proponen soluciones compatibles con las occidentales, de las cuales acentúan algunas características latentes.
El federalismo brasileño
Authors: Seijas Villadangos María Esther
Published: April 2019

Las vicisitudes del Palácio da Alvorada que han ubicado a Brasil en la primera línea de las inquietudes mundiales se enmarcan más allá del diseño moderno que Niemeyer le imprimió en los años 60 de la pasada centuria en un marco que sobre un patrón federal ha evolucionado tratando de unir forma de gobierno y forma territorial de Estado. En el presente trabajo se analizan las claves del federalismo brasileño haciendo un imprescindible repaso histórico de su configuración e incidiendo en los rasgos característicos de esta Federación. Sus elementos estructurales, el complejo diseño competencial que implementa funcionalmente toda Federación, la evolución metajurídica del modelo de la mano de las relaciones intergubernamentales y el aspecto financiero con el que se ha de acompañar todo proyecto federal. Dos ideas matriz han constituido el epicentro de la evolución constitucional de Brasil, democracia y federalismo. La magnitud física y poblacional de este Estado impone mayores exigencias a las fórmulas organizativas que han pugnado por aplicarse en la mitad del subcontinente de América del Sur. Para conocer Brasil, es preciso adentrarnos en su configuración como Estado Federal.
Mathematical Persistence Among Four African American Male Graduate Students: A Critical Race Analysis of Their Experiences
Authors: Jett Christopher C.
Published: April 2019

The stories of high-achieving African American mathematics students are gaining prominence in the research literature. In this multiple case study, I use a critical race theoretical frame to document and analyze the experiences of 4 mathematically persistent African American male students who earned undergraduate degrees in mathematics and subsequently enrolled in mathematics or mathematics education graduate programs. The findings reveal that these African American men drew from internal factors to influence their mathematical persistence and identified how racial microaggressions manifest themselves in postundergraduate contexts. Recommendations for practice, policy implications, and future research directions that emerged from this study are discussed to better understand African American men's mathematics experiences.
Capturing Mathematical Curiosity with Notice and Wonder
Authors: Rumack Aaron M. , Huinker DeAnn
Published: April 2019

Capturing students' own observations before solving a problem propelled a culture of sense making by meeting needs typical of middle school learners.
Investigating a Super-Bear
Authors: Edwards Clayton M. , Robichaux-Davis Rebecca R. , Townsend Brian E.
Published: April 2019

Three inquiry-based tasks highlight the planning, classroom discourse, positive results, and growth in one class's journey.
Soccer for Real
Authors: Goffney Imani M.
Published: April 2019

My name is Naima Goffney, and I am an eleven-year-old seventh grader at Julius West Middle School. I am taking algebra 1 this year. I wanted to write the Math for Real because in math class I do not always think that what we are learning is related to the real world. At home, my mom shows me all the different ways I am mathematically smart, which makes me want to try harder in school during the “rougher” days. We can use math to know more about how to improve our skills and find the math we learn in school more interesting and more related to our real world as middle schoolers.
STABILIZING OR DESTABILIZING? RECONSIDERING THE REVELANCY OF TURKEY’S NATO MEMBERSHIP
Authors: Soekarba Siti Rohmah , Ayona Devina , Shavira Cut Jihan
Published: April 2019

The focus of this study is the Republic of Turkey‟s involvement in NATO with a special attention to Turkey‟s gradual withdrawal from NATO member countries. Additionally, this study will also analyze the influences of Turkey‟s maneuvers in international affairs to NATO‟s internal strategic concerns. After going through decades of democratization process, membership in NATO and great access to relations with the West that last until the present day, this study also offers reviews of Turkey‟s urgency and relevancy to perpetuate its NATO membership. The purpose of this study is to understand and identify the relationship between Turkey‟s international activities, Turkey‟s socio-political conditions at home and their effects to Turkey‟s position inside NATO. The data were collected by means of library research and online library research. The principle result of this study is that Turkey‟s entry into NATO and the drastic democratization in 1950 are all influenced by the international affairs in that period (after the First World War to the Cold War era). The final conclusion of this study is that Turkey is a less practically beneficial country for NATO now and NATO is no longer an essential need for Turkey, as Turkey has gained more self-confidence internationally and thus being no longer reliant on NATO protection, inter alia it is more willing to risk experiments in exercising its foreign affairs.
VOICE OF MELANCHOLIA AND CULTURAL IDENTITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA CONTEMPORARY ART AT BANGKOK ART BIENNALE 2018
Authors: Widiantini Ikhaputri , Mintarsih Adriana Rahajeng
Published: April 2019

This study sets focus on problem of identity and melancholia which are framed in works of Southeast Asia contemporary art. Art works become main media to utter criticism of disrupted daily circumstances that slowly put the voices of the marginalized identity in burden. We start from acknowledge of liberating art space therefore it will be able to the acknowledge of art as bridging entity from the non-philosophy and philosophy framework. The acknowledge assists this writing in the placement of art as media of criticism so it won’t be stationed at acknowledge of art as an art. Then we determine Julia Kristeva’s suffering and melancholia theory as comparison analytics tools of the art works which took specific theme of cultural identity per region. In particular, we analyze the works of Southeast Asia contemporary artists as they took place at Bangkok Art Biennale 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand from October 19, 2018 – February 3, 2019. Comparison of every works assist us to the conclusion which strengthens our quest from earlier stage of exertion the art works as media to vocalize the social issues, conflict of identity, and minority oppression in the development of Southeast Asia contemporary art.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN PRESERVING UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA LIBRARY’S MANUSCRIPTS
Authors: Anggawira Deka , Salim Tamara Adriani
Published: April 2019

This study discusses the implementation of local wisdom in the preservation of manuscripts at Universitas Indonesia’s library. The purpose of this study is to identify the implementation of local wisdom in the preservation of manuscripts in that library. This research uses a qualitative approach coupled with direct observation and structured interviews as data collection methods. The results of this study indicate that Universitas Indonesia Library has implemented local wisdom in preserving manuscripts. This can be seen from the use of local wisdom in the storage process, including the design of the rooms and storage facilities and the pattern of behavior in its storage process. The maintenance process of local wisdom includes the control of the environment using traditional approaches and the use of traditional materials in the maintenance of manuscripts. Another finding is that the process of capturing or inheriting knowledge from a previous manuscript is based on the manpower manifested in its preservation behavior. Therefore, it can be understood that the implementation of local wisdom in the process of preservation of manuscripts in UI Library is based on the preservation of knowledge from previous manuscript managers or librarians.
Oscillatory hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity in young APOE-ɛ4 carriers and hypoconnectivity in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Koelewijn Loes , Lancaster Thomas M , Linden David , Dima Diana C , Routley Bethany C , Magazzini Lorenzo , Barawi Kali , Brindley Lisa , Adams Rachael , Tansey Katherine E , Bompas Aline , Tales Andrea , Bayer Antony , Singh Krish
Published: April 2019

We studied resting-state oscillatory connectivity using magnetoencephalography in healthy young humans (N = 183) genotyped for APOE-ɛ4, the greatest genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Connectivity across frequencies, but most prevalent in alpha/beta, was increased in APOE-ɛ4 in a set of mostly right-hemisphere connections, including lateral parietal and precuneus regions of the Default Mode Network. Similar regions also demonstrated hyperactivity, but only in gamma (40–160 Hz). In a separate study of AD patients, hypoconnectivity was seen in an extended bilateral network that partially overlapped with the hyperconnected regions seen in young APOE-ɛ4 carriers. Using machine-learning, AD patients could be distinguished from elderly controls with reasonable sensitivity and specificity, while young APOE-e4 carriers could also be distinguished from their controls with above chance performance. These results support theories of initial hyperconnectivity driving eventual profound disconnection in AD and suggest that this is present decades before the onset of AD symptomology.
Epigenetic regulation of mammalian Hedgehog signaling to the stroma determines the molecular subtype of bladder cancer
Authors: Kim SungEun , Kim Yubin , Kong JungHo , Kim Eunjee , Choi Jae Hyeok , Yuk Hyeong Dong , Lee HyeSun , Kim Hwa-Ryeon , Lee Kyoung-Hwa , Kang Minyong , Roe Jae-Seok , Moon Kyung Chul , Kim Sanguk , Ku Ja Hyeon , Shin Kunyoo
Published: April 2019

In bladder, loss of mammalian Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) accompanies progression to invasive urothelial carcinoma, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this cancer-initiating event are poorly defined. Here, we show that loss of Shh results from hypermethylation of the CpG shore of the Shh gene, and that inhibition of DNA methylation increases Shh expression to halt the initiation of murine urothelial carcinoma at the early stage of progression. In full-fledged tumors, pharmacologic augmentation of Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activity impedes tumor growth, and this cancer-restraining effect of Hh signaling is mediated by the stromal response to Shh signals, which stimulates subtype conversion of basal to luminal-like urothelial carcinoma. Our findings thus provide a basis to develop subtype-specific strategies for the management of human bladder cancer.
Common concepts for bacterial collectives
Authors: Jeckel Hannah , Matthey Noémie , Drescher Knut
Published: April 2019

The expansion of bacterial swarms and the spreading of biofilms can be described by a unified biophysical theory that involves both active and passive processes.
Biodiversity seen through the perspective of insects: 10 simple rules on methodological choices and experimental design for genomic studies
Authors: Matos-Maraví Pável , Duarte Ritter Camila , Barnes Christopher J. , Nielsen Martin , Olsson Urban , Wahlberg Niklas , Marquina Daniel , Sääksjärvi Ilari , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: April 2019

Massively parallel DNA sequencing opens up opportunities for bridging multiple temporal and spatial dimensions in biodiversity research, thanks to its efficiency to recover millions of nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, we identify the current status, discuss the main challenges, and look into future perspectives on biodiversity genomics focusing on insects, which arguably constitute the most diverse and ecologically important group among all animals. We suggest 10 simple rules that provide a succinct step-by-step guide and best-practices to anyone interested in biodiversity research through the study of insect genomics. To this end, we review relevant literature on biodiversity and evolutionary research in the field of entomology. Our compilation is targeted at researchers and students who may not yet be specialists in entomology or molecular biology. We foresee that the genomic revolution and its application to the study of non-model insect lineages will represent a major leap to our understanding of insect diversity.
Patient Food Preferences can Help Plan Hospital Menus for Older Patients
Authors: Gosney M.
Published: April 2019

Aims: Malnutrition causes a huge burden on health and social services; wastage of hospital food is high and intake poor, particularly in older patients.  This study looks at the lunch choices of older patients and considers how hospital meals could be altered to improve consumption.

Study Design: Over a four week period, the food choices of patients on elderly care wards were studied. The amount of food consumed and choice was evaluated in the context of food availability.

Place and Duration of Study: The project was undertaken in Elderly Care Medicine wards in a District General Hospital in the South East of England. Participants were older patients with a variety of medical conditions who had the capacity to consent to a discussion about their food choices, consumption of food and preference for different food items.

Methods: Of the 402 patients studied, 23% were given food they did not like and that they would not usually chose. 

Results: Popular menu choices included “unusual soups” and “baked or roasted meat”.  Unpopular menu choices included sandwiches and desserts with no fruit.  The items that were most consumed were desserts containing fruit and vegetarian main courses.  Vegetarian pastry dishes and sandwiches were poorly consumed. 

Conclusion: Many older patients who are able to choose from a hospital menu failed to see foods that they would normally consume.  Certain foods are preferentially chosen and when delivered were consumed well.  Older patients in this geographical area chose traditional foods and foods that are more difficult or more costly to prepare at home e.g. roast joints of meat and fruit containing desserts.
Prevalence and Determinants of Malnutrition in under Five Children in Selected Health Facilities in Egume, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Eleojo Achadu Abraham , Charles Umeh Chisom , Inikpi Onoja
Published: April 2019

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in under five children in selected health facilities in Egume, Dekina LGA, Kogi State.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with historic data that assessed the Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition of under-five children in selected health facilities in Egume Dekina Local Government Area, Kogi State.

Study Area: The study was conducted at General Hospital and St. Luke clinic in Egume, Dekina LGA, Kogi State.

Methodology: The study focused on Mothers and their under five children who were treated as in- or out- patients at the General Hospital and St. luke clinic Egume within the past five years, Interview was conducted with the aid of a validated, questionnaire, after obtaining informed consent from mothers and ethical clearance from the Health Research Ethics Committee, Kogi State Ministry of Health. Data was obtained through reviews of available health records. Anthropometric measurement was carried out following standard procedures.

Results: The study showed that 21.3%, 25.6%, 47.4% and 5.7% of the sampled children were mildly undernourished, moderately undernourished, severely undernourished and healthy respectively.

Conclusion: The present study further revealed that a child’s age and gender, mother’s education and nutrition and other health variables such as clean water and toilet are determinants of child malnutrition.