bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redox-structure dependence of molten iron oxides
Authors: Shi Caijuan , Alderman Oliver L. G. , Tamalonis Anthony , Weber Richard , You Jinglin , Benmore Chris J.
Published: November 2020

The atomic structural arrangements of liquid iron oxides affect the thermophysical and thermodynamic properties associated with the steelmaking process and magma flows. Here, the structures of stable and supercooled iron oxide melts have been investigated as a function of oxygen fugacity and temperature, using x-ray diffraction and aerodynamic levitation with laser heating. Total x-ray structure factors and their corresponding pair distribution functions were measured for temperatures ranging from 1973 K in the stable melt, to 1573 K in the deeply supercooled liquid region, over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures. Empirical potential structure refinement yields average Fe–O coordination numbers ranging from ~4.5 to ~5 over the region FeO to Fe2O3, significantly lower than most existing reports. Ferric iron is dominated by FeO4, FeO5 and FeO6 units in the oxygen rich melt. For ferrous iron under reducing conditions FeO4 and FeO5 units dominate, in stark contrast to crystalline FeO.
Transfer hydrogenation catalysis in cells
Authors: Banerjee Samya , Sadler Peter J.
Published: November 2020

Recent developments in transfer hydrogenation catalysis and photocatalysis in cancer cells by synthetic metal complexes are reviewed. They offer exciting new ways to modulate biochemical pathways for drug development and biotechnology.
Lead chlorine cluster assembled one-dimensional halide with highly efficient broadband white-light emission
Authors: Zhao Jian-Qiang , Sun Chen , Yue Meng , Meng Yan , Zhao Xian-Mei , Zeng Le-Ran , Chen Guang , Yue Cheng-Yang , Lei Xiao-Wu
Published: November 2020

One new lead chlorine cluster assembled 1D non-perovskite halide of [DTHPE]2Pb3Cl10 was synthesized which displays strong broadband bluish white light emission with a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 19.45% exceeding those of previously reported 2D lead perovskites.
Dual emission N-doped carbon dot@benzotrithiophene tricarbaldehyde-terephthalic dihydrazide covalent organic framework
Authors: Song Yonghai , Guo Lulu , Du Yue , Yang Li , Wang Li
Published: November 2020

NCDs are encapsulated into COFBTT–Th to enhance the COFBTT–Th fluorescence based on RET and decrease the interlaminar accumulation and intramolecular rotation.
Optimising molecular rotors to AIE fluorophores for mitochondria uptake and retention
Authors: OwYong Tze Cin , Ding Siyang , Wu Na , Fellowes Thomas , Chen Sijie , White Jonathan M. , Wong Wallace W. H. , Hong Yuning
Published: November 2020

AIE-active molecular rotors for mitochondria imaging with improved uptake and retention in both live and fixed cells.
A small-sized benzothiazole–indolium fluorescent probe: the study of interaction specificity targeting c-MYC promoter G-quadruplex structures and live cell imaging
Authors: Zheng Bo-Xin , She Meng-Ting , Long Wei , Xu Yong-Yu , Zhang Yi-Han , Huang Xuan-He , Liu Wenjie , Hou Jin-Qiang , Wong Wing-Leung , Lu Yu-Jing
Published: November 2020

A small-sized and target-specific fluorescent probe reveals the presence of c-MYC DNA G4-structures in cells and shows anticancer activity.
A multifunctional anode with P-doped Si nanoparticles in a stress-buffering network of poly-γ-glutamate and graphene
Authors: Na Ren , Madiou Nadine , Kang Ning , Yan Shan , Luo Jin , Liu Guojun , Shan Zhongqiang , Tian Jianhua , Zhong Chuan-Jian
Published: November 2020

A network of graphene conductive stress buffer and poly-γ-glutamate binder via interparticle electrostatic and hydrogen bonding is constructed for an improved multifunctional Si nanocomposite anode of lithium-ion batteries.
Finely modified crystallites of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine for film deposition purposes
Authors: Borovkov N. Y. , Kholodkov I. V. , Kholodkova N. V. , Kolker A. M.
Published: November 2020

The modified dye crystallites are elastic, thus being capable of spontaneous spreading and seamless fusion.
Recent progress on selective deconstructive modes of halodifluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl-containing reagents
Authors: Ma Xingxing , Song Qiuling
Published: November 2020

Halodifluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl-containing compounds can act various rolesviaselective cleavage modes to access more valuable fluorinated or nonfluorinated molecules.
Cp*Co(iii) and Cu(OAc)2 bimetallic catalysis for Buchwald-type C–N cross coupling of aryl chlorides and amines under base, inert gas & solvent-free conditions
Authors: Srivastava Avinash K. , Sharma Charu , Joshi Raj K.
Published: November 2020

A strategy involving bimetallic catalysis which requires a combination of Cp*Co(CO)I2 and Cu(OAc)2 was used to perform Buchwald-type C–N coupling reactions of aryl chlorides with amines.
Exploring the chemical space of 1,2,3-triazolyl triclosan analogs for discovery of new antileishmanial chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Fernández de Luco Julia , Recio-Balsells Alejandro I. , Ghiano Diego G. , Bortolotti Ana , Belardinelli Juán Manuel , Liu Nina , Hoffmann Pascal , Lherbet Christian , Tonge Peter J. , Tekwani Babu , Morbidoni Héctor R. , Labadie Guillermo R.
Published: November 2020

A collection of 37 triazolyl-triclosan derivatives were prepared as possible antileishmanial drugs. The InhA ortholog in Leishmania donovani was proposed as a putative druggable target.
Chiroptical activity of Au13 clusters: experimental and theoretical understanding of the origin of helical charge movements
Authors: Shichibu Yukatsu , Ogawa Yuri , Sugiuchi Mizuho , Konishi Katsuaki
Published: November 2020

The profound chiroptical nature of Au13 clusters was revealed from systematic experimental and theoretical investigations.
Columnar self-assembly, electrochemical and luminescence properties of basket-shaped liquid crystalline derivatives of Schiff-base-moulded p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene
Authors: Sharma Vinay S. , Sharma Anuj S. , Worthington Sheena J. B. , Shah Priyanka A. , Shrivastav Pranav S.
Published: November 2020

A new family of blue-light emitting supramolecular basket-shaped liquid crystalline compounds based on p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene core to form self-assembly and columnar hexagonal phase.
A naphthalene diimide side-chain polymer as an electron-extraction layer for stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Al Kurdi Khaled , McCarthy Declan P. , McMeekin David P. , Furer Sebastian O. , Tremblay Marie-Hélène , Barlow Stephen , Bach Udo , Marder Seth R.
Published: November 2020

n-i-p perovskite devices based on NDI materials are fabricated to demonstrate utility of a transparent polymer vs. that of several small molecules with varied acceptor strengths; stable solar cells with 14% PCE are reported.
A low temperature aqueous formate fuel cell using cobalt hexacyanoferrate as a non-noble metal oxidation catalyst
Authors: Han Lijuan , González-Cobos Jesús , Sánchez-Molina Irene , Giancola Stefano , Folkman Scott J. , Giménez S. , Vidal-Ferran A. , Galán-Mascarós José Ramón
Published: November 2020

Prussian blue is applied as the anode in the first reported metal-free fuel cell for formic acid oxidation.
Blackout in the powerhouse: clinical phenotypes associated with defects in the assembly of OXPHOS complexes and the mitoribosome
Authors: Hock Daniella H. , Robinson David R. L. , Stroud David A.
Published: November 2020

Mitochondria produce the bulk of the energy used by almost all eukaryotic cells through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) which occurs on the four complexes of the respiratory chain and the F1–F0 ATPase. Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogenous group of conditions affecting OXPHOS, either directly through mutation of genes encoding subunits of OXPHOS complexes, or indirectly through mutations in genes encoding proteins supporting this process. These include proteins that promote assembly of the OXPHOS complexes, the post-translational modification of subunits, insertion of cofactors or indeed subunit synthesis. The latter is important for all 13 of the proteins encoded by human mitochondrial DNA, which are synthesised on mitochondrial ribosomes. Together the five OXPHOS complexes and the mitochondrial ribosome are comprised of more than 160 subunits and many more proteins support their biogenesis. Mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial genes encoding these proteins have been reported to cause mitochondrial disease, many leading to defective complex assembly with the severity of the assembly defect reflecting the severity of the disease. This review aims to act as an interface between the clinical and basic research underpinning our knowledge of OXPHOS complex and ribosome assembly, and the dysfunction of this process in mitochondrial disease.
PARP-1 activation after oxidative insult promotes energy stress-dependent phosphorylation of YAP1 and reduces cell viability
Authors: Martín-Guerrero Sandra M. , Casado Pedro , Hijazi Maruan , Rajeeve Vinothini , Plaza-Díaz Julio , Abadía-Molina Francisco , Navascués Julio , Cuadros Miguel A. , Cutillas Pedro R. , Martín-Oliva David
Published: November 2020

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme that catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose units from NAD+ to several target proteins involved in cellular stress responses. Using WRL68 (HeLa derivate) cells, we previously showed that PARP-1 activation induced by oxidative stress after H2O2 treatment lead to depletion of cellular NAD+ and ATP, which promoted cell death. In this work, LC–MS/MS-based phosphoproteomics in WRL68 cells showed that the oxidative damage induced by H2O2 increased the phosphorylation of YAP1, a transcriptional co-activator involved in cell survival, and modified the phosphorylation of other proteins involved in transcription. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 in H2O2-treated cells reduced YAP1 phosphorylation and degradation and increased cell viability. YAP1 silencing abrogated the protective effect of PARP-1 inhibition, indicating that YAP1 is important for the survival of WRL68 cells exposed to oxidative damage. Supplementation of NAD+ also reduced YAP1 phosphorylation, suggesting that the loss of cellular NAD+ caused by PARP-1 activation after oxidative treatment is responsible for the phosphorylation of YAP1. Finally, PARP-1 silencing after oxidative treatment diminished the activation of the metabolic sensor AMPK. Since NAD+ supplementation reduced the phosphorylation of some AMPK substrates, we hypothesized that the loss of cellular NAD+ after PARP-1 activation may induce an energy stress that activates AMPK. In summary, we showed a new crucial role of PARP-1 in the response to oxidative stress in which PARP-1 activation reduced cell viability by promoting the phosphorylation and degradation of YAP1 through a mechanism that involves the depletion of NAD+.
Studies on the changes of uPA system in a co-culture model of bone marrow stromal cells–leukemia cells
Authors: Zhou Lanxia , Guo Hong , Jia Fang , Chen Xuan , Zhang Xiaowei , Dong Shouliang , Zhao Li
Published: November 2020

The core of the tumor microenvironment in the hematological system is formed by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In the present study, we explored the interaction between the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system and the leukemia bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). We established BMSCs–HL60 and HS-5–K562 co-culture models in direct contact mode to simulate the BMM in leukemia. In BMSCs-HL60 co-culture model, the expression levels of uPA, uPA receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in BMSCs were higher than those in mono-cultured BMSCs. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (MMP-9) was up-regulated in co-cultured HL60 cells. In HS-5–K562 co-culture model, only uPA, PAI-1, and VEGF-A were up-regulated in HS-5 cells. The levels of the uPA protein in the co-culture supernatant were significantly higher than that of mono-cultured BMSCs or HS-5 cells. Our findings demonstrate that the co-culture stimulates the production of uPA, uPAR, PAI-1, MMP-9, and VEGF-A by BMSCs. It could further explain how the uPA system in leukemia cells is involved in the growth, development, and prognosis of leukemia.
A Tool for Automatic Scoring of Spelling Performance
Authors: Themistocleous Charalambos , Neophytou Kyriaki , Rapp Brenda , Tsapkini Kyrana
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The evaluation of spelling performance in aphasia reveals deficits in written language and can facilitate the design of targeted writing treatments. Nevertheless, manual scoring of spelling performance is time-consuming, laborious, and error prone. We propose a novel method based on the use of distance metrics to automatically score spelling. This study compares six automatic distance metrics to identify the metric that best corresponds to the gold standard—manual scoring—using data from manually obtained spelling scores from individuals with primary progressive aphasia.

Method

Three thousand five hundred forty word and nonword spelling productions from 42 individuals with primary progressive aphasia were scored manually. The gold standard—the manual scores—were compared to scores from six automated distance metrics: sequence matcher ratio, Damerau–Levenshtein distance, normalized Damerau–Levenshtein distance, Jaccard distance, Masi distance, and Jaro–Winkler similarity distance. We evaluated each distance metric based on its correlation with the manual spelling score.

Results

All automatic distance scores had high correlation with the manual method for both words and nonwords. The normalized Damerau–Levenshtein distance provided the highest correlation with the manual scoring for both words (rs= .99) and nonwords (rs= .95).

Conclusions

The high correlation between the automated and manual methods suggests that automatic spelling scoring constitutes a quick and objective approach that can reliably substitute the existing manual and time-consuming spelling scoring process, an important asset for both researchers and clinicians.
Vocabulary Gains in Bilingual Narrative Intervention
Authors: Armon-Lotem Sharon , Restrepo M. Adelaida , Lipner Minna , Ahituv-Shlomo Peer , Altman Carmit
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of bilingual narrative intervention on vocabulary gains in Hebrew (school language) and English (home language) among English–Hebrew bilinguals, using a block design (one language at a time), and to determine whether there was cross-linguistic transfer to the language that was not receiving intervention.

Method

Sixteen English–Hebrew bilingual children participated in the study using an adaptation of the Puente de Cuentos intervention. Vocabulary was examined using a word definition task before the intervention, post English intervention, post Hebrew intervention, and 4 weeks after the interventions ended to examine maintenance of skills.

Results

Repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed that children made significant gains in vocabulary in the language of intervention as expected. In addition, children made cross-linguistic gains in Hebrew during the English intervention, but made no gains in English following Hebrew intervention.

Conclusion

These results underscore the need to provide language support in the home language to ensure growth and that intervention in the home language does not hinder growth in the school language.
Efficiency‐enhanced and high‐precision of input common‐mode feedback control using OSA–CLS technique
Authors: Wang Yu‐Heng , Lai Xin‐Quan , Li Qin‐Qin , Habib Kashif
Published: November 2020

Efficiency‐enhanced and high‐precision input common‐mode feedback control (ICMFB) is proposed for a fully differential readout circuit of the MEMS capacitive sensor. This ICMFB improves the efficiency and performance of input common‐mode voltage control using a smaller feedback capacitor. The noise performance of the readout circuit is improved as a decrease of a feedback capacitor. The correlated level shift (CLS) technique is used to improve the output swing of the amplifier therefore reduce the value of a feedback capacitor. Also, the oversampling successive approximation (OSA) technique is used to improve the accuracy of input common‐mode voltage control using a low‐gain op‐amp. Simulation results show that the input common‐mode voltage error decreases to 0.01% when the value of the feedback capacitor is the same as the MEMS sensor. Also, the noise power spectral density of the readout circuit increases by 10 dB.
Snapback‐free reverse conducting IGBT with p‐float and n‐ring surrounding trench‐collector
Authors: Li Jie , Huang Mingmin , Chen Chang , Yang Zhimei , Ma Yao , Gong Min
Published: November 2020

A reverse conducting (RC) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with p‐float and n‐ring surrounding trench‐collector is proposed. The p‐floats surrounding sidewalls of trench‐collectors suppress snapback and also avoid snapback when there are semiconductor/trench‐collector interface charges (Q f ). The n‐rings surrounding the top of the trench‐collectors speed up the forward recovery and ensure a high breakdown voltage. Technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations are carried out to compare the proposed RC‐IGBT and the RC‐IGBT with p‐poly trench‐collector (PTC RC‐IGBT). With Q f = 1 × 1011 cm−2, the proposed RC‐IGBT is snapback‐free while the PTC RC‐IGBT has a snapback voltage of 4.43 V. The peak forward recovery voltage of the proposed RC‐IGBT (12 V) is much lower than that of the PTC RC‐IGBT (246 V). Besides, the reverse recovery charge of the two RC‐IGBTs is 48% lower than that of the PiN diode.
Assessing membership projection errors in star forming regions
Authors: Roland T. , Boily C. M. , Cambrésy L.
Published: November 2020

Context. Young stellar clusters harbour complex spatial structures emerging from the star formation process. Identifying stellar over-densities is a key step in better constraining how these structures are formed. The high accuracy of distances derived from Gaia DR2 parallaxes still do not allow us to locate individual stars within clusters of ≈1 pc in size with certainty.

Aims. In this work, we explore how such uncertainty on distance estimates can lead to the misidentification of membership of sub-clusters selected by the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm. Our goal is to assess how this impacts their estimated properties.

Methods. Using N-body simulations, we build gravity-driven fragmentation models that self-consistently reproduce the early stellar configurations of a star forming region. Stellar groups are then identified both in two and three dimensions by the MST algorithm, representing respectively an inaccurate and an ideal identification. We compare the properties derived for these resulting groups in order to assess the systematic bias introduced by projection and incompleteness.

Results. We show that in such fragmented configurations, the dynamical mass of groups identified in projection is systematically underestimated compared to those of groups identified in 3D. This systematic error is statistically of 50% for more than half of the groups and reaches 100% in a quarter of them. Adding incompleteness further increases this bias.

Conclusions. These results challenge our ability to accurately identify sub-clusters in most nearby star forming regions where distance estimate uncertainties are comparable to the size of the region. New clump-finding methods need to tackle this issue in order to better define the dynamical state of these substructures.
Influence of biologically active compounds on milk production and metabolism of lactating cows
Authors: Sharvadze Roini , Gaidukova Elena , Krasnoshchekova Tamara , Babukhadiya Ketevan , Burmaga Andrey
Published: November 2020

Dairy farming is a strategic and most efficient branch of agriculture. Milk production depends on a number of factors. The practical experience of many scientists has shown that an increase in the milk productivity of cows is possible when the rations are fed in the form of complete feed mixtures (mono feed). Despite the fact that such a feeding technology contributes to an increase in milk productivity of cows, there are problems in the new calving period, related to their health. After calving, during the milking period, the cows lose their live weight, they quickly acquire metabolic disorders (liver steatosis, ketosis, acidosis, etc.). To prevent such pathological processes, it is necessary to feed energy-compensating supplements in the new calving period. One of the solutions of this problems is the inclusion of biologically active compounds in feed mixtures. In our research these are feed additives “Ecostimul-2” and “Active Mix". In the process of experimental studies, the effect of feed additives “Ecostimul-2” and “Active Mix” during their separate and joint feeding to lactating cows in the new calving period on their milk productivity and metabolism was studied. As a result of the experimental studies, it was found that feeding the used additives to cows in the new calving period promotes an increase in milk yield and a faster recovery of reproductive functions.
The index of the hearts squad Carnivora, as an indicator of predator ecology
Authors: Chikachev Roman
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of calculating the heart index of representatives of the order of carnivores, as one of the main morphophysiological indicators of predator activity. Based on the results of the study, the criteria for specific environmental characteristics of predators used for food production and determining the degree of load on the body were determined. To determine these indicators in some representatives of predatory animals obtained in the Amur region weight measurements of the hearts of sexually Mature individuals were performed: Martes zibellina, Meles leucurus, Canis lupus, Lynx lynx, Vulpes vulpes. Weight indicators of the index were carried out by measuring the ratio of the total mass of the organ to the body weight of the animal (organ mass x 100/ total mass of the animal =%). Conditionally dividing the studied predatory species into: small, medium and large, we determined: active predators intensively tracking their prey and leading high physical activity. Specialized predators that get food by sneaking up and chasing for short distances, not able to run for a long time. Predator-gatherers. In which this feature was an adaptive reaction in the course of evolution for the survival of the species in adverse conditions, food competition and settlement of new territories.
Developments of red steppe breed heifers and its hybrids with Holstein in the period of pregnancy and after calving
Authors: Aligazieva Patimat , Dabuzova Gyulkhanum , Kebedov Habib , Aligaziev Abdula , Abdulaev Ibragim
Published: November 2020

Holstein stud-bulls, selected as improvers, directly have a significant impact on the growth rate of live weight of the resulting offspring. The live weight of crossbred heifers at 18 months of age was 377–388 kg, which is 8–10% higher than that of pure-bred red-steppe peers. At the same time, animals with a blood share of 50 %, bred “in themselves” are characterized by the best indicators of absolute and relative increase in live weight and have a more pronounced milky type of physique on the exterior. Currently, the main place in the structure of the herd of cattle is occupied by the breeding stock, the number of which is increasing every year. The proportion of cows in the herd is increasing over the years is 46.5%, and the rest of the livestock is also increasing accordingly. When growing heifers of cattle, 55-60% of all costs in the structure of their cost are feed stuff. Consequently, the efficiency of rearing is mainly caused by feed conversion ratio increase in muscle, fat and bone tissue, which provides a high level of efficiency of young animals. In our experience, when growing heifers of different genotypes, feeding was carried out according to the norms of the All-Russian research Institute of animal husbandry. The diet structure contained the required amount of concentrates, hay, silage and green fodder.
Meat productivity of young horses in the conditions of year-round grazing
Authors: Yankina Olga , Prihodko Anna , Kim Natalia , Chugaeva Natalia , Nikolaevskiy Igor
Published: November 2020

Meat herd horse breeding is one of the most promising projects in the industry, especially in peasant (farming) households. Meat herd horse breeding is one of the most promising areas in the industry, especially in peasant (farm) households. The number of meat herd horses is 438.2 thousand heads, incl. in agricultural organizations 161.2 thousand heads (36.8%), in peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs - 277 thousand heads (63.2%). In the conditions of the Primorsky Territory, horse breeding is not the main branch of animal husbandry, nevertheless, there are enough territories here where horse breeding could develop successfully. Breeds such as the Vladimir and Soviet heavy draft do not require much human participation, and they themselves get their own food. At the same time, the main method of keeping and breeding these breeds is herd. The assessment of meat productivity of crossbred young horses with stallions of Sovetskaya and Vladimirskaya heavy draft breeds was carried out. The use of stallions of the Sovetskaya heavy draft breed in horse breeding allowed increasing the slaughter yield by 3.6% and improve the morphological composition of the carcass in comparison with the Vladimirskaya heavy draft breed.
Ecological and chemical characteristics of small river Arguzikha (Zeya-Bureya plain, Russia)
Authors: Pakusina Antonina , Platonova Tatyana
Published: November 2020

The article considers the results of research from 2015 to 2019 on the study of hydrochemical indicators and the content of heavy metals in the ecosystem components of the small Arguzikha river , a left-Bank tributary of the Amur river (water, bottom sediments, macrophytes, birds ’ feathers). High oxygen content in the water (8.8-15.9 mgO2/dm3) and high BOD5 values (6-12 mgO2/dm3) in the middle and lower reaches of the Arguzikha river indicate the process of eutrophication. The value of permanganate oxidability (6.8-15.5 mgO/dm3) characterizes the high content of organic substances in water. In the spring, nitrate nitrogen (3.45-6.39 mgN-NO3-/dm3) was found in the water of the Arguzikha river, which had a pyrogenic origin. In the summer the rainy season was dominated by ammonium nitrogen (2.34 mgN-NН +/dm3). The high content of total phosphorus (0.337-0.609 mg/dm3) in the river water was in the spring. In the spring of 2015, the concentration of lead in the lower reaches of the river reached 6.36 µg/dm3, during the subsequent time, the lead content in the Arguzikha water was less than the MPC. Toxic concentrations of lead (> 30 mg / kg) and manganese (> 300 mg/kg) were found in macrophytes of Nymphoides peltata and Myriophyllum spicatum. In the feathers of waterfowl of the Arguzikha river the content of heavy metals decreases in a row Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Сг>Ni>Cо>Cd. The feathers of Anas acuta and Anas querquedula contained Pb 17.7 mg/kg and 22.2 mg/kg, Cd 0.15 mg/kg and 0.08 mg/kg, respectively.
Influence of permanent and variable factors on the number and area of forest fires in the Amur region
Authors: Dyadchenko Olga , Timchenko Natalia , Baranov Alexandr
Published: November 2020

The article presents a study of the connection between the number and area of forest fires on the territory of the Amur Region from the area of forestries. the length of mineralized belts in each forestry. the natural class of fire hazard. and the class of fire hazard by weather conditions. A stable relationship between the number of forest fires and the fire hazard class by weather conditions has been revealed. This dependence is presented in the form of a model that makes it possible to predict the number of forest fires both on the territory of the forest fund of the entire Amur Region. and for individual forestries.
Natural focal infections as one of the risk factors for the agricultural workers health
Authors: Martsev Anton
Published: November 2020

The research deals with the assessment of the epidemiological and epizootic situation in the Vladimir region, concerning natural focal infections in the context of agricultural activities. The retrospective analysis of statistical data on morbidity anthropozoonoses taken from the Report forms №2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases” FBUZ “Hygiene and Epidemiology Center in Vladimir region” of Rospotrebnadzor Department of the Vladimir region during the period of 1958 – 2016. The study of the biological material in respect of pathogen the natural focal infections were conducted in the laboratory of natural-focal and especially dangerous infections FBUZ “Hygiene and Epidemiology Center in Vladimir region” Rospotrebnadzor Department of the Vladimir region. The following natural-focal diseases have been stated to be registered as important in the context of agriculture in the Vladimir region: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), leptospirosis and tularemia. HFRS domonates in the morbidity structure. Annual laboratory tests of the biological material regarding the pathogens of natural focal infections indicate the presence of epizootics among mouse-like rodents, red vole (M. glareolus) being the dominant species among them. The ratio of HFRS male to female is approximately 3 to 1 Positive results of the laboratory studies indicate epizootic activity and constant risk of exacerbation of the epidemic situation regarding zooanthroponotic infections, and zero human morbidity during a number of years does not speak of the attenuation of the natural infection focus and the basis for stopping the preventive measures.
Detailed investigation of the shearing mechanism of β" precipitates in Al-Mg-Si alloys
Authors: Christiansen Emil , Marioara Calin Daniel , Ringdalen Inga Gudem , Bjørge Ruben , Holmedal Bjørn , Hopperstad Odd Sture , Holmestad Randi
Published: November 2020

The mechanism behind shearing of β11 precipitates in Al-Mg-Si alloys during deformation is investigated by applying advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques and frozen phonon multislice TEM image simulations on a selection of shearing configurations. In particular, the results indicate that the needle-like precipitates are sheared several times in single matrix Burgers vector steps. The multislice image simulations suggest that shearing events are most likely achieved in single Burgers vector steps, and there are some experimental evidence that the shearing planes are the matrix glide planes.
Relationship between mechanical properties and age-hardening behavior around grain boundaries of Al-Mg-Si alloy
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Ikeda Ken-ichi , Miura Seiji
Published: November 2020

Nanoindentation tests were conducted near the grain boundary (GB) of the Al-Mg-Si alloy, and the influence of GB character on the aging precipitation behavior and the mechanical properties was confirmed. After obtaining the GB characters by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, nanoindentation tests were carried out on under-aged, peak-aged, and over-aged samples. And then, the indentation areas were observed by back scattered electrons imaging (BSE) in order to identify indentation positions with respect to the GB. In this study, for the GB character, focusing on the rotation angle, the high-angle GB (HAGB) and the low-angle GB (LAGB) were selected. In addition, coincident site lattice GBs (CSL) were selected as the special GB. In the 180°C under-aged samples, the nano-hardness near GB is higher than that far from GB, while 180°C peak-aged samples, the nano-hardness is lower than that far from GB. Then the range near the GB where the hardness changes was larger at HAGB than at LAGB and CSL3. This suggests that the GB character affects the aging precipitation behavior and mechanical properties.
Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Aluminium Alloy with High Ductility
Authors: Xue Guanxia , Zhong Gu , Lin Shipeng , Li Hu-Tian , Gui Xinghui , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2020

A new type of Al-Mg-Si-Cu aluminium alloy with high ductility was studied in the present work. The microstructure features and mechanical properties of this alloy were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron back-scatter Diffraction (EBSD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and tensile and fatigue test. The percentage of sub-grain boundary under forging and aging process reaches up to 72% which can be attributed to the suppression of recrystallization by the nano-sized AlMnCrSi dispersoids. The combination of mechanical properties of the new alloy product in aged state showed that the ductility keeps in the range of 15~18%, yield strength and tensile strength are 310MPa and 380MPa respectively, fatigue strength ranges from 130MPa to 135MPa. It presents more excellent properties than commercial 6061 alloy for the nano-sized AlMnCrSi dispersoids, initial-β” precipitates and high percentage of sub-grain boundary.
Ultrasound induced fragmentation of primary Al3Zr crystals
Authors: Priyadarshi Abhinav , Subroto Tungky , Conte Marcello , Prentice Paul , Pericleous Koulis , Eskin Dmitry , Durodola John , Tzanakis Iakovos
Published: November 2020

Ultrasonic cavitation melt treatment (UST) of aluminium alloys has received considerable attention in the metal industry due to its simple and effective processing response. The refined primary intermetallic phases formed in the treated alloys during controlled solidification, govern alloy structural and mechanical properties for applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. Since the UST is performed close to the liquidus temperatures of the alloys, understanding the refinement mechanism of the primary intermetallic phases has been beset by difficulties in imaging and handling of liquid metals. In this paper, the sonofragmentation behaviour of primary intermetallic Al3Zr crystals extracted from the matrix of an Al-3 wt% Zr alloy and fixed on a solid substrate was investigated. The intermetallics were exposed to cavitation action in deionized water at 24 kHz of ultrasound frequency. The fragmentation mechanism from the nearby collapsing cavitation bubbles was studied with in-situ high speed imaging. Results revealed that the main fragmentation mechanism is associated with the propagation of shock wave emissions from the collapsing bubble clouds in the vicinity of the crystal. The mechanical properties of the Al3Zr phase determined previously were used for the fracture analysis. It was found that an Al3Zr intermetallic undergoes low cycle fatigue fracture due to the continuous interaction with the shock wave pressure. The magnitude of the resulting shear stress that leads to intermetallic fragmentation was found to be in the range of 0.6 – 1 MPa.
Multifunctional aluminium surfaces – Laser-structured micropatterns with ice-repellent, superhydrophobic and easy-to-clean properties
Authors: Milles Stephan , Soldera Marcos , Voisiat Bogdan , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: November 2020

In this work, the fabrication of multifunctional periodic microstructures on pure aluminium is presented. Three different geometries were fabricated with feature sizes ranging between 7 µm and 50 µm by using laser-based microstructuring methods. In detail, nanosecond pulsed direct laser writing and picosecond pulsed direct laser interference patterning were used with infrared laser radiation. The wetting characteristics of these structures were investigated performing static water contact angle measurements as well as by measuring the contact angle hysteresis and the sliding angle. The final wetting results show constant static contact angles above 150°, permitting the water droplets to roll off the substrate as well as collecting contamination at the same time. This self-cleaning effect led to a reduction of up to 94% of the spread of 1 µm sized manganese oxide particles. In addition, the freezing time required for droplets laying on the patterned surfaces was increased nearly by 300% at a temperature of 20 °C below zero. Finally, the results are compared to finite element simulations of heat transfer.
CFD Analysis of Mechanisms Underlying the Porosity-reducing Effect of Atomized Flows in High-pressure Die Cast Products
Authors: Koya Eitaro , Nakagawa Masahiko , Kitagawa Shinya , Ishimoto Jun , Nakano Yoshikatsu , Ochiai Naoya
Published: November 2020

In high-pressure die casting, attention has been paid to the J factor, which is defined by the speed of the metal injected at the gate and the shape of the gate. In casting experiments using a piston die, the porosity of the product can be reduced by increasing the J factor such that the metal flow passing through the gate forms an atomized flow. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we developed a system for simulating a two-phase flow of air and aluminum by large-scale calculations of turbulent flow. During the development of the system, we injected metal into an open space and performed imaging to confirm the state of the atomized flow. The system was then verified by reproducing the atomized flow. The analysis results visualized the many small turbulent vortices generated in the thick part far from the gate. We demonstrated that the change from small to longitudinal vortices promoted entrainment of air into the aluminum and increased the efficiency of air expulsion outside the die through an increase in the J factor.
Effect of solution treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of industrial 7050 thick plate
Authors: Xie Zhiqiang , Jia Zhihong , Lin Lin , Lin Shunyan , Liu Qing
Published: November 2020

In this work, effect of solution treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of industrial 7050 aluminum alloy thick plate was investigated by tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the area fraction of residual phases decreases with increasing solution temperature from 475°C to 500°C. The overheating phenomenon identified by compound melting ball and crystal separating phase was observed at a temperature of 485°C or above. The compound melting balls are composed of S(Al2CuMg) phase dissolved with Zn atoms and Al matrix. The crystal separating phase is consisted of Al2Cu phase and the amorphous structure containing solute atom Mg. The maximum tensile strength of 529 MPa was obtained for the alloy solution treated at 475°C for 3h followed by peak aging at 120°C for 24h.
William Harvey réinterprété à la lumière de l’évolution des espèces (II)
Authors: Michel Jean-Baptiste
Published: November 2020

Dans la première partie de cette revue [20], «comment et pourquoi la phylogenèse circulatoire s’intègre dans l’évolution des espèces», nous avons expliqué que l’acquisition d’un secteur artériel à haute pression, tel qu’initialement décrit par William Harvey en 1619, était la conséquence, au cours de l’évolution, de l’apparition d’un tonus vasomoteur, induisant les forces de friction systémiques (résistances périphériques), qui, régulé localement (par vasodilatation), permet d’adapter les besoins métaboliques à la demande des territoires fonctionnellement actifs. Dans cette seconde partie, nous essaierons de comprendre en quoi cette phylogenèse influence directement la physiologie, puis les pathologies du système circulatoire chez l’homme, qui prédominent largement, mais pas exclusivement, dans le secteur à haute pression.
Mommy Thumb – Morbus de Quervain bei Müttern
Authors: Paries Cornelia
Published: November 2020

Mit einem Kind beginnt für viele die schönste Zeit des Lebens. Gleichzeitig werden damit neue, belastende Tätigkeiten zur Routine: Baby tragen, hochheben, füttern, an- und ausziehen etc. Aus diesen Belastungen kann sich eine schmerzhafte Sehnenscheidenentzündung entwickeln. Da häufig Mütter betroffen sind, nennt man die Tendovaginitis stenosans de Quervain auch „Mommy Thumb“.
Zielgerichtete NSCLC-Therapie bei alten und gebrechlichen Patienten
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: November 2020

Bei hochbetagten und gebrechlichen Patienten mit einem fortgeschrittenen nicht kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom und EGF-Mutation ist eine kausale Behandlung oft schwierig, denn die Hinfälligkeit verbietet eine stark belastende Therapie. Der selektive EGFR-Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor Erlotinib war aber auch in reduzierter Dosis bei älteren Menschen wirksam. Die japanische Arbeitsgruppe zeigt nun, dass die Low-Dose-Therapie bei sehr alten und bei jüngeren, aber ebenfalls hinfälligen Patienten, sicher eingesetzt werden konnte.
„Es ist egal, ob man CIMT macht oder Armtraining. Wichtig sind die Prinzipien.“ – Interview mit Dr. Janne Veerbeek
Authors: Veerbeek Janne , Huber Martin
Published: November 2020

Dr. Janne Veerbeek gehört zu den international renommiertesten Forscherinnen in der motorischen Neuroreha. Im Interview berichtet sie von aktuellen Forschungstrends in der Schlaganfallrehabilitation und erklärt, warum Behandlungsprinzipien wichtiger sind als -methoden.
European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: November 2020

Beim diesjährigen Jahreskongress der European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) wurden in der Plenarsitzung wichtige Studien zu neuen Therapieoptionen im Bereich nicht-maligner und maligner hämatologischer Entitäten präsentiert. Im Fokus stand auch die Forschung um die Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD).
Chondrogenic Bone Tumors: The Importance of Imaging Characteristics
Authors: Engel Hannes , Herget Georg W. , Füllgraf Hannah , Sutter Reto , Benndorf Matthias , Bamberg Fabian , Jungmann Pia M.
Published: November 2020

Background Chondrogenic tumors are the most frequent primary bone tumors. Malignant chondrogenic tumors represent about one quarter of malignant bone tumors. Benign chondrogenic bone tumors are frequent incidental findings at imaging. Radiological parameters may be helpful for identification, characterization, and differential diagnosis.

Methods Systematic PubMed literature research. Identification and review of studies analyzing and describing imaging characteristics of chondrogenic bone tumors.

Results and conclusions The 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system differentiates between benign, intermediate (locally aggressive or rarely metastasizing), and malignant chondrogenic tumors. On imaging, typical findings of differentiated chondrogenic tumors are lobulated patterns with a high signal on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ring- and arc-like calcifications on conventional radiography and computed tomography (CT). Depending on the entity, the prevalence of this chondrogenic pattern differs. While high grade tumors may be identified due to aggressive imaging patterns, the differentiation between benign and intermediate grade chondrogenic tumors is challenging, even in an interdisciplinary approach.

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Citation Format
Synthetic Study on Acremoxanthone A, Part 2: Model Study on the EFG Xanthone Moiety through a Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition–SNAr Sequence
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Nakakohara Hiroshi , Hirano Yoichi , Ohmori Ken , Takikawa Hiroshi
Published: November 2020

Toward a total synthesis of acremoxanthone A, we report a model study on the construction of the EFG ring system. The key steps include (1) an intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an aryl nitrile oxide with a dienone, and (2) an SNAr reaction for construction of the F ring.
(E)-3-Arylidene-4-diazopyrrolidine-2,5-diones: Preparation and Use in RhII-Catalyzed X–H Insertion Reactions towards Novel, Medicinally Important Michael Acceptors
Authors: Dar’in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail , Chupakhin Evgeny , Gecht Martha , Ivanov Alexander , Kantin Grigory
Published: November 2020

The use of readily available 1-aryl-3-arylidenepyrrolidine-2,5-diones in high yielding direct diazo-transfer reactions and subsequent involvement of the resulting diazo compounds in RhII-catalyzed O–H, S–H, and N–H insertion reactions delivered 4-substituted 1-aryl-3-arylidenepyrrolidine-2,5-diones of defined regiochemistry and geometrical configuration. These products are intended to be studied as Michael acceptors capable of inhibiting thioredoxin reductase, a promising cancer target.
Repair of a Syphilitic Aneurysm of the Noncoronary Sinus
Authors: Kinsey Danielle J. , Zambrano Christopher , Suarez-Pierre Alejandro , Kumar Aruna , Isenbergh Elena , Lawton Jennifer S. , Siegenthaler Michael P.
Published: November 2020

About one-tenth of patients with untreated chronic syphilis and tertiary syphilis develop structural complications involving the coronary ostia, ascending aorta, or aortic root. We describe a unique case of a large aortic root aneurysm of the noncoronary sinus with extrinsic compression of the right coronary artery, a complication of tertiary syphilis. Surgical intervention involved valve-sparing aortic root reconstruction with right coronary ostia reimplantation (hemi-Yacoub). The patient's postoperative course was uneventful; he is healthy approximately 2 years later.
Neonatal Preterm Respiratory Care in Ukraine: An Observational Study of Outcomes in Relation to Timing and Methods of Surfactant Treatment
Authors: Dobryanskyy Dmytro O. , Menshykova Anna O. , Salabay Zoriana V. , Detsyk Olga Y.
Published: November 2020

Objective Timely and effective noninvasive respiratory support and surfactant administration are the key determinants of clinical outcomes in very preterm infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the changes in clinical practice of surfactant administration on clinical outcomes and the incidence of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure defined as the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) during the first 5 days of life in preterm infants <32 weeks.

Study Design One hundred sixty-five outborn very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), initially managed on CPAP, were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Fifty-two infants treated with surfactant using less invasive or INSURE technique were included in the surfactant group. One hundred thirteen control infants received surfactant only in case of CPAP failure.

Results The study groups were similar in gestational age, rates of main obstetric complications, and antenatal steroid prophylaxis. The rate of cesarean delivery was significantly higher but birth weight and need for resuscitation were lower in infants from the surfactant group. Fifty-five infants with CPAP failure (49%) received surfactant after initiation of MV in the control group in comparison with 52 (100%) in the surfactant group (p < 0.001). The incidence of CPAP failure was significantly higher in the control group (49 vs. 27%; p < 0.01) and it occurred earlier (median [interquartile range age: 4 [2–5] vs. 47 [36–99] hours, respectively; p < 0.001). Early surfactant administration significantly and independently affected the probability of CPAP failure (adjusted odds ratio: 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.67; p < 0.01). There were no differences in morbidities between the groups, but CPAP failure was significantly associated with higher morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion Adherence to the European RDS guidelines with early rescue, less invasive surfactant administration in very preterm infants decreased the probability of CPAP failure which was significantly associated with higher morbidity and mortality.

Key Points
Digitalisierung in der Praxis in der Uniklinik Essen: Das Team macht den Erfolg
Authors: Diehl Anke
Published: November 2020

Für die digitale Transformation reicht es nicht, Prozesse von der IT digitalisieren zu lassen und in den Einkauf neuer Technologien zu investieren. Es geht um einen umfassenden Kulturwandel im Unternehmen. An welchen Stellschrauben dafür gedreht werden muss, zeigt die Universitätsmedizin Essen. Sie entwickelt sich seit fünf Jahren zum Smart Hospital.