bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervention Mapping as a guide to developing, implementing, and evaluating stigma reduction interventions
Authors: Stutterheim Sarah E. , van der Kooij Yvonne , Crutzen Rik , Ruiter Robert A.C. , Bos Arjan , Kok Gerjo
Published: September 2022

Stigmatization is a complex and deeply ingrained process, not easily amenable to change. The field of systematic behavior change can offer guidance for the improvement of stigma reduction efforts. In this paper, we describe Intervention Mapping as a relevant approach for designing stigma reduction interventions. We demonstrate that, for stigma reduction to be effective, a number of actions are essential. We must: 1) ascertain, at various socioecological levels, relevant and changeable determinants of stigmatizing behavior and target them specifically in our interventions; 2) delineate exactly what change our stigma reduction interventions aim to achieve at the level of determinants; 3) ensure that the methods employed to reduce stigmatization are aligned with the determinants of stigmatizing behavior, and that the theoretically-defined conditions under which those methods are most effective are considered, along with characteristics of the target population and intervention context; 4) pre-test and pilot-test newly developed interventions, and ensure budgetary capacity for these ; 5) consider intervention adoption, implementation, and maintenance right from the outset, and approach these systematically as well; and 6) measure, in our evaluations of interventions, not only the desired endpoint (i.e., stigma reduction) but also more direct intervention objectives and changes in the determinants of stigmatizing behavior, and complement effect evaluations with process evaluations that assess implementation reach, completeness, and fidelity. For each of the six Intervention Mapping steps, we provide concrete examples and discuss the current stigma and behavior change literature. Importantly, we also summarize a number of evidence-based stigma reduction methods.
Psychological and neuroscientific foundations of rhythms and timing
Authors: Doelling Keith B. , Herbst Sophie K , Arnal Luc H. , van Wassenhove Virginie
Published: September 2022

Cultural artefacts, such as dance and music, are characterized by temporal properties, broadly referred to as rhythms. The temporal structures that emerge when individuals synchronize their movements provide a sense of togetherness and common fate, even if individuals can readily tune in and out of this shared temporal space. In this chapter, we concisely discuss the endogenous and exogenous factors contributing to the emergence of brain rhythms and rhythmic behaviors, and how their interplay contributes to sophisticated forms of expressions in humans. The capacity for coupling and uncoupling voluntarily from external rhythms creates a potential tension between our environment (exogenously driven) and our internal state (endogenously driven) that can be exploited for artistic benefit, in the form of surprisal.
Can Overclaiming Technique Improve Self-Assessment Tools for Digital Competence? The Case of DigCompSat
Authors: Muszyński Marek , Pokropek Artur , Castano-Munoz Jonatan , Vuorikari Riina
Published: September 2022

Digital competence is crucial for living, working, and participating in current societies. Despite its huge importance, objective measurement tools for it are scarce due to its developmental difficulty. Self-assessment of digital competence seems a promising proxy of objective tests, and it additionally offers the possibility for surveying otherwise unmeasurable constructs such as attitudes and beliefs. However, self-assessment tools are burdened with validity problems, most notably response biases such as overly positive descriptions, overclaiming, or careless and insufficient effort responding. In this paper, we investigate how these problems can be mitigated by using the overclaiming technique, a technique that identifies and corrects the bias variance in self-assessments. Our main result was that the use of the overclaiming technique can lead to higher reliability and validity of digital competence self-assessment tools, especially for short scales. Moreover, it allows for correcting additional spurious variance in comparison with careless responding indexes, which allows the use of both these techniques in parallel to increase the quality of data. Our results are important in providing advances in enhanced information on digital competence that can result in better lifelong learning decisions when used at the individual level and in better policy-making decisions when used at the aggregate level.
Un Dante polacco. Saggio sulla ricezione della figura e dell’opera dantesca in Polonia, dal Quattrocento a Miłosz
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Taraborrelli Chiara
Published: September 2022

The book is an introduction to the reception of Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy in Poland and its main trends, from the Renaissance to the end of the 20th century. The author strives to prove how deep and long-lasting the influence of Dante’s work was on many renowned Polish writers, poets, and thinkers, with a focus on the slow but steady process of assimilation through which Dante and his masterpiece have become part of Polish culture.
A Tainted Place in Central Anatolia: Kırkdilim Road (Çorum-Turkey)
Authors: DERİNÖZ Bekir
Published: September 2022

Building roads has been indispensable for civilizations from past to present. The geographies and civilizations where the roads were built played an important role in the construction of the road, ensuring its continuity and gaining an identity. The aim of this study is to reveal the construction process of the Kırkdilim road, which has been under construction for more than half a century, how it turned into a tainted road in the historical process, and the reflections of the political decisions taken in the field. For this purpose, field studies were carried out at intervals between 2018-2022. During these studies, interviews consisting of open-ended questions were conducted with the local people. The results of the research revealed that the effect of the geological and geomorphological structure in the area, technical inadequacies and political decisions are among the biggest reasons why the Kırkdilim road could not be completed for more than half a century in the historical process. Due to the slope conditions of the Mesozoic limestones and conglomerate formations in the area, their mobility is high. Tunnels and roads built in the area in previous years have become unusable due to landslides and rockfalls, and many fatal accidents have occurred. The historical process, especially the reflections of the political decisions taken, has made the Kırkdilim road a tainted place. The experiences, narratives and stories of the people who use this tainted area have been passed down from generation to generation. Today, the area is a tainted place both in terms of local people, drivers and passengers using the area, aesthetically and archaeologically, and politically.
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE HEAT TRANSFER PROCESS AND THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF A CONDENSATE FILM BY NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT
Authors: Golubev V. G. , Kolesnikov A. S. , Agabekova A. B. , Taimasov B. T. , Boykov A.V. , Kenzhibayeva G. S. , Suigenbayeva A. Zh. , Iztleuov G. M. , Zhunisbekova D. A. , Shapalov Sh. K. , Dossybekov S. K. , Akilov T. K. , Ramatullayeva L. I. , Janpaizova V. M. , Suleimenova Т. N. , Kaldybaуev R. T.
Published: September 2022

The paper presents an analysis of the mathematical description of the process of film condensation of vapors from steam-gas mixtures, taking into account the dependence of the processes of heat transfer and the hydrodynamics of the condensate film. It is established that the presence of an insignificant fraction of non-condensing gases sharply reduces the surface temperature of the condensate film. The numerical experiment has confirmed that the loss of stability of the film and its deceleration are associated with the temperature gradient on its surface. It is established that the influence of non-isothermicity on the characteristics of transfer processes can significantly change their flow mode even with small fluctuations in functional parameters. The influence of temperature on the condensate density leads to a certain increase in the average and local Nusselt numbers. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the dependence of the condensate density on temperature contributes to an increase in the average and local Nusselt number. This is confirmed by its fundamentally small effect on heat exchange under condensation conditions for liquids in the following range  ~ 10 10   4 2  .
ANALYSIS FABRICATION OF POROUS CERAMICS FROM CLAY AND COPPER POWDER USING PALM OIL POWDER AS A PORE-FORMING AGENT FOR FILTERS IN MOTOR VEHICLE GAS
Authors: Marpongahtun  , Nasution Darwin Yunus , Purwandari Vivi , Hidayat Taufik , Purba Hermawan , Irham Wardatul Husna
Published: September 2022

A study was conducted on the utilization of oil palm wood waste in the production of porous ceramics, which were then used as a motor vehicle exhaust gas filter. The porosity, hardness, and morphology of the resulting ceramics were all measured. Using the gas analysis approach, ceramics with a higher porosity value were also examined for their exhaust gas filtration power. The study's findings show that the particle size of oil palm sawdust has a significant impact on porosity, hardness, and ceramic morphology. The porosity of the ceramic decreases as the particle size decreases, but the hardness increases. Porous ceramics have porosity levels of 60, 57, and 56 percent. Porous ceramics have hardness values of 221, 62, 302, 83, and 363, 46 MPa. And Filtration of exhaust CO gas 1.88%, CO2 1.1%, and HC 1123 ppm.
APPLICATIONS, NANOTOXICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: A REVIEW
Authors: Singh Atresh Kumar , Singh Alok Kumar , Shankar Som
Published: September 2022

In the present review, applications of nanotechnology are employed to amplify the tendencies of growing traditional and cut-off resources of gas and to improve the process of drilling and production of oil and gas by designing it more accessible to separate oil and gas inside the reservoir. The impact of nanotechnology in many areas is more effective, cheaper, and more environment-friendly than what is presently accessible. A summary of various types of nanomaterials used together with a deep investigation of their compliance in advancing the objective factors is widely described. This paper reviews nanotechnology applications in the various parts of the oil patch such as exploration, production, EOR, wettability alteration, refinery processes, and drilling operations including drilling tools, drilling fluids, and cement. The impacts of numerous nanoparticles in drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery has been explored. This paper gives a notified analysis of the improvements of nanotechnology in exploration as well as production. Moreover, the toxic effects of various nanoparticles and their environmental aspects have been observed and studied. The oil and gas industry can be made greener by nanotechnology. Finally, an outlook on the recent challenges and a few predictions for future applications is also underlined.
INVESTIGATION OF PMMA AND PVdF-HFP WITH NaClO4POLYMER BLEND ELECTROLYTE SYSTEM– APPLICATION TO AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
Authors: Reddy Mettu Maheshwar , A. Mallikarjun  , Reddy M. Jaipal , Kumar J. Siva
Published: September 2022

A solution-cast process was used to prepare pure poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and pure poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), their blend, and different weight percentages of sodium per chlorate (NaClO4) salt added to PMMA: PVdF-HFP polymer blend electrolyte thin films. The polymer electrolyte film was prepared using the solution cast process, which involves combining sodium per chlorate (NaClO4) ionic slat with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and pure poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) blended polymer. These films have been characterized systematically using different experimental techniques to investigate structural, morphological, thermal, and conductivity properties. The degree of crystallinity and porous microstructure of all the thin films were determined by XRD and SEM data and revealed that higher content of the amorphous nature was noticed at higher NaClO4 salt concentration in PMMA:PVdF-HFP polymer blend. When NaClO4 salt was added to a PMMA:PVdF-HFP polymer blend, fair complexation/interaction between polymers and salt was observed.In DSC curves of PMMA and PVdF-HFP polymers, a sharp melting temperature (Tm) was seen, which diminished when NaClO4 salt was added, showing that its amorphous nature had risen to prominence. The ionic conductivity of NaClO4 salt added PMMA:PVdF-HFP polymer blend electrolyte has been investigated, with an optimal value found to be1.55382 x 10-4S/cm at 40% NaClO4 salt. Electrochemical cells have been fabricated and investigated its characteristics in the configuration of Na/[PMMA:PVdF-HFP: NaClO4]/(I2:C).
Trust in Clinical AI: Expanding the Unit of Analysis
Authors: Browne Jacob T. , Bakker Saskia , Yu Bin , Lloyd Peter , Ben Allouch Somaya
Published: September 2022

From diagnosis to patient scheduling, AI is increasingly being considered across different clinical applications. Despite increasingly powerful clinical AI, uptake into actual clinical workflows remains limited. One of the major challenges is developing appropriate trust with clinicians. In this paper, we investigate trust in clinical AI in a wider perspective beyond user interactions with the AI. We offer several points in the clinical AI development, usage, and monitoring process that can have a significant impact on trust. We argue that the calibration of trust in AI should go beyond explainable AI and focus on the entire process of clinical AI deployment. We illustrate our argument with case studies from practitioners implementing clinical AI in practice to show how trust can be affected by different stages in the deployment cycle.
Effective Task Allocation in Ad Hoc Human-Agent Teams
Authors: Abuhaimed Sami , Sen Sandip
Published: September 2022

With accelerated progress in autonomous agent capabilities, mixed human and agent teams will become increasingly commonplace in both our personal and professional spheres. Hence, further examination of factors affecting collaboration efficacy in these types of teams are needed to inform the design and use of effective human-agent teams. Ad hoc human-agent teams, where team members interact without prior experience with teammates and only for a limited number of interactions, will be commonplace in dynamic environments with short opportunity windows for collaboration between diverse groups. We study ad-hoc team scenarios pairing a human with an agent where both need to assess and adapt to the capabilities of the partner to maximize team performance. In this work, we investigate the relative efficacy of two human-agent collaboration protocols that differ in the team member responsible for allocating tasks to the team. We designed, implemented, and experimented with an environment in which human-agent teams repeatedly collaborate to complete heterogeneous task sets.
Landmarks in Case-Based Reasoning: From Theory to Data
Authors: van Woerkom Wijnand , Grossi Davide , Prakken Henry , Verheij Bart
Published: September 2022

Widespread application of uninterpretable machine learning systems for sensitive purposes has spurred research into elucidating the decision making process of these systems. These efforts have their background in many different disciplines, one of which is the field of AI & law. In particular, recent works have observed that machine learning training data can be interpreted as legal cases. Under this interpretation the formalism developed to study case law, called the theory of precedential constraint, can be used to analyze the way in which machine learning systems draw on training data – or should draw on them – to make decisions. These works predominantly stay on the theoretical level, hence in the present work the formalism is evaluated on a real world dataset. Through this analysis we identify a significant new concept which we call landmark cases, and use it to characterize the types of datasets that are more or less suitable to be described by the theory.
Exemplars and Counterexemplars Explanations for Skin Lesion Classifiers
Authors: Metta Carlo , Guidotti Riccardo , Yin Yuan , Gallinari Patrick , Rinzivillo Salvatore
Published: September 2022

Explainable AI consists in developing models allowing interaction between decision systems and humans by making the decisions understandable. We propose a case study for skin lesion diagnosis showing how it is possible to provide explanations of the decisions of deep neural network trained to label skin lesions.
What Would You Like to Visit Next? – Using a Knowledge-Graph Driven Museum Guide in a Virtual Exhibition
Authors: Liu Dou , Libbi Claudia Alessandra , Javdani Rikhtehgar Delaram
Published: September 2022

Conversational agents have been recently incorporated into Virtual Heritage to provide more immersive and interactive user experience. However, existing chatbot guides lack the capacity to leverage the rich background knowledge graphs (KGs) to provide better interactions between visitors and cultural collections. In this paper, we present a KG driven conversational museum guide that answers visitor’s questions and recommend relevant art objects in a virtual exhibition, while modelling user interest to offer personalised information and guidance.
‘Race’ and academic performance in international higher education: Black Africans in the UK
Authors: ZEWOLDE Solomon
Published: September 2022

Much UK higher education research routinely pinpoints the racialized nature of academic performance, but it often fails to even consider if racism contributes to such a pervasive racial or ethnic disparity. While much research in the area often focuses on comparing the attainment of home white and ethnic minority students, little attention is given to the experiences of black African international students (BAIS), particularly in UK higher education. Using semi-structured qualitative interviews, this study documents how ‘race’ shapes academic performance and achievement by exploring the experiences of 21 BAIS undergraduates studying in ten different universities in England. Factors identified, inter alia, include racism and discrimination, and the analysis challenges the narrative of assessment as neutral and objective technology that rewards merit, and lifts the voices of BAIS which are normally silent in the literature about international student experience.
Buffering or Perpetuating? — Exploring The Role of Academic Institutions in Chinese International Doctoral Students’ Double Pandemic Experience in The United States
Authors: Tang Yabin , Flint Maureen
Published: September 2022

This study adopted a systemic perspective to examine the perceived role of academic institutions in responding to Chinese international doctoral students (CIDS) double pandemic experiences. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was utilized to guide the research process. The results showed the interlocking relations regarding how individual academic experiences interacted with the social-political-institutional environment during this time of crisis. The discussions highlight the systemic influences on CIDS` experiences. The theoretical and practical implications were included in order to inform systemic interventions.
Evolution of medical informatics in the system of medical knowledges: historical aspect
Authors: Lukmanov A. H.
Published: September 2022

This article presents a brief historical overview of the formation of medical informatics as an important part of the system of medical knowledge covering a wide range of applied tasks. Medical informatics is the same result of evolution as the planned philosophy, which has its roots in the history of information technology and medicine. The process of its historical, theoretical and applied development continues, so any work in the space of the history of medical informatics can only be considered as a conditional report, and not a summing up.
Okullarda İletişim Becerilerinin İş Motivasyonu ve İş Doyumu Üzerindeki Aracılık Etkisi
Authors: EĞRİBOYUN Dursun
Published: September 2022

Alanyazın taraması ve iletişim becerileri ile iş motivasyonu ve iş doyumunun ilişkisini ortaya koyan araştırma sonuçlarının ışığı altında; bu araştırmada İzmir'de bulunan özel ve devlet okullarında görev alan yönetici ve öğretmenlerin ortaya koydukları iletişim becerileri ile iş motivasyonu ve iş doyumu algılarının ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modelinde bir çalışmadır, amacı bakımından da hem tanımlayıcı hem de açıklayıcı niteliktedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada yer alan değişkenler arasındaki kavramsal ilişkiler bir model üzerinde ifade edilmiştir ve araştırma sürecinde irdelenmiştir. Çalışma, gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenmiş 100 kişilik bir araştırma grubu ile yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, araştırmada İletişim Becerileri Envanteri ile İş Motivasyonu ve Minnesota İş Doyum Ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre iş motivasyonu-iş doyumu, iş motivasyonu-iletişim becerileri ve iletişim becerileri-iş doyumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunduğu görülmüştür. Belirlenen araştırma modeline göre yönetici ve öğretmenlerin algıları değerlendirilirken içsel motivasyon algılarının diğer değişkenlere göre daha fazla olduğu, korelasyon değerleri arasında ise en yüksek ilişkinin genel iş motivasyonu ile duygusal iletişim arasında bulunduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda iletişim becerilerinin, iş motivasyonu ile iş doyumu üzerinde herhangi bir aracılık etkisi tespit edilememiştir.
Geçmişten Günümüze Okul Müdürlüğü: Okul Müdürlerinin Metaforik Algıları
Authors: CAN Ertuğ
Published: September 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, geçmişten günümüze okul müdürlerinin “okul müdürlüğü” kavramına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla belirlemektir. Araştırma 2018-2019 öğretim yılında İstanbul'da görevli 56 okul müdürü ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan yapılandırılmış bir form aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen metaforlar betimsel ve içerik analizi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada okul müdürleri geçmişteki okul müdürlüğü kavramına ilişkin 10 farklı kavramsal kategori altında 53 metafor üretmişlerdir. Bu kavramsal kategoriler, “saygın, rahat, otoriter, güvenli, değerli, lider, ulaşılmaz, dokunulmaz, resmî ve zor” olarak belirlenmiştir. Okul müdürleri, günümüzdeki algılamalarına bağlı olarak “okul müdürlüğü” kavramı ile ilgili 11 farklı kavramsal kategori altında toplam 54 adet geçerli metafor üretmişlerdir. Bu kavramsal kategoriler, “hizmetkâr, siyasî, değersiz, güvensiz, sorumluluk, yetkisiz, belirsizlik, rehber, baskı, ateşten bir gömlek, kariyer” olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, okul müdürlerinin geçmişten günümüze "okul müdürlüğüne" ilişkin metaforik algıları bir bütün olarak ele alındığında, geçmişteki metaforik algılamalar daha olumlu iken, günümüzdeki metaforik algılamaların daha olumsuz olduğu görülmektedir. Okul müdürlerinin değişen görev, rol, sorumluluk ve beklentileri ile sürekli yasal düzenleme değişiklikleri, katılımcıların metaforik algılarını etkilemiş olabilir. Okul müdürlüğü için yasal düzenlemeler yapılması, meslekî standartlar ve yeterlikler geliştirilmesi faydalı olabilir. Okul müdürlüğü eğitim politikaları bağlamında yeniden ele alınmalıdır. Böylece, "okul müdürlüğü" bakış açısı değişebilir.
Presentación. Audiencias, públicos, consumo, recepción y representaciones sociales en la ficción televisiva
Authors: Mateos-Pérez Javier , Lacalle Charo , Rocha Simone María
Published: September 2022

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Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic vulnerability in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lalonde Marie-Eve , Sasseville Marc , Gélinas Anne-Marie , Milanese Jean-Sébastien , Béland Kathie , Drouin Simon , Haddad Elie , Marcotte Richard
Published: September 2022

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in children. Despite the great progress achieved over the last 40 years, with cure rates now exceeding 85%, refractory or relapsed ALL still exhibit a dismal prognosis. This poor outcome reflects the lack of treatment options specifically targeting relapsed or refractory ALL. In order to address this gap, we performed whole-genome CRISPR/Cas drop-out screens on a panel of seven B-ALL cell lines. Our results demonstrate that while there was a significant overlap in gene essentiality between ALL cell lines and other cancer types survival of ALL cell lines was dependent on several unique metabolic pathways, including an exquisite sensitivity to GPX4 depletion and ferroptosis induction. Detailed molecular analysis of B-ALL cells suggest that they are primed to undergo ferroptosis as they exhibit high steady-state oxidative stress potential, a low buffering capacity, and a disabled GPX4-independent secondary lipid peroxidation detoxification pathway. Finally, we validated the sensitivity of BALL to ferroptosis induction using patient-derived B-ALL samples.
Small-molecule SUMO inhibition for biomarker-informed B-cell lymphoma therapy
Authors: Demel Uta M. , Wirth Matthias , Yousefian Schayan , Zhang Le , Isaakidis Konstandina , Dönig Judith , Böger Marlitt , Singh Nikita , Köse Hazal , Haas Simon , Müller Stefan , Schick Markus , Keller Ulrich
Published: September 2022

Aberrant activity of the SUMOylation pathway has been associated with MYC overexpression and poor prognosis in aggressive B-cell lymphoma (BCL) and other malignancies. Recently developed small-molecule inhibitors of SUMOylation (SUMOi) target the heterodimeric E1 SUMO activation complex (SAE1/UBA2). Here, we report that activated MYC signaling is an actionable molecular vulnerability in vitro and in a preclinical murine in vivo model of MYC-driven BCL. While SUMOi conferred direct effects on MYC-driven lymphoma cells, SUMO inhibition also resulted in substantial remodeling of various subsets of the innate and specific immunity in vivo. Specifically, SUMOi increased the number of memory B cells as well as cytotoxic and memory T cells, subsets that are attributed a key role within a coordinated anti-tumor immune response. In summary, our data constitute pharmacologic SUMOi as a powerful therapy in a subset of BCL causing massive remodeling of the normal B-cell and T-cell compartment.
¿Democratización de las elites? El reclutamiento del personal ejecutivo electivo en Argentina (1983-2015)
Authors: Lascurain María Cecilia
Published: September 2022

El artículo analiza los atributos de la elite ejecutiva electiva de Argentina desde el retorno del régimen democrático hasta los años de gobierno kirchneristas (1983-2015), a través de la pregunta clásica de la sociología nacional por la “democratización” de las elites (Cantón, 1964; De Imaz, 1964). Se reconstruye y compara esta elite a partir de sus “posiciones” institucionales (Mills, 1987) en los distintos periodos de gobierno. Los cargos que se analizan son los de presidente y vicepresidente de la Nación y gobernadores provinciales. La indagación permite constatar que el personal político seleccionado se “democratizó” a lo largo de estos años en varios aspectos: incorporó mujeres por primera vez en cargos ejecutivos electivos, aparecieron individuos con novedosas credenciales educativas (como los ingenieros), que se educaron en nuevas universidades nacionales (públicas y privadas), y que representaron a nuevas fuerzas políticas creadas luego de la crisis del año 2001.
Kassâb el-Kerecî’nin Nüketü’l-Kur’ân’ı: Muhalif Gördüğü Gruplara Eleştirileri Özelinde
Authors: YALNIZ Fatma
Published: September 2022

İslam tarihinde te’vil, muhtelif grupların Kur’ân’ı yorumlamalarını ifade eden bir kavramdır. Ortaya konan farklı te’vîl yollarının, hangisinin doğru ya da yanlış olduğuna yönelik tarifler, alimlerin usûl arayışında olma çabalarının bir göstergesidir. Usûl arayışında olan alimler arasında bulunan Kassâb el-Kerecî (öl. 360/970[?]) Nüketü’l-Kur’ân’ında muhalif gördüğü grupların yorumlama biçimlerini tahlil etmiş, onların hangi delilleri hatalı kullandığını ve hangi kaideleri ihlal ettiklerini göstermiştir. Bu minvalde müellif kimi zaman farklı grupların nasıl yanlış te’vîl yaptığını kimi zaman ise hangi te’vîl biçiminin doğru olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bağlamda makale çalışmamız, klasik dönemde tefsirde usûl arayışlarının mevcut olduğu temel varsayımından hareket etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda makalenin amacı, Kassâb el-Kerecî’nin Nüketü’l-Kur’ân adlı eserinde muhalif gördüğü grupların Kur’ân’ı yorumlama biçimlerini tenkit ve tahlil etme süreçlerinde esasen onun bir usûl arayışı ortaya koyduğunu ispat etmektir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, modern dönemde bazı araştırmacılar tarafından iddia edilen “tefsir ilminin bir usûl önermediği” tezine de bir itirazı ifade etmektedir. Bu bağlamda makale, tefsirde usûl problemi tartışmalarına bir nebze katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Makale çalışmamızda sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırmalarda kullanılan veri ve içerik analizine ve açıklayıcı yaklaşıma başvurulmuştur. Neticede Kerecî’yi tefsirde usûl arayışına sevk eden âmiller bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tefsirde usûl arayışıyla ilgili temel bulgular temel olarak şu şekilde zikredilebilir: Müellifin muhalif gördüğü gruplar ekseninde; kavramların anlam alanının görmezden gelinmesi, mecâz’ı açıklamada hataya düşme, metnin bağlamını görmezden gelme ve mantık kaidelerini ihlal etme gibi olgularda formel biçimlere yönelik tahlillerinin bulunduğu görülmektedir.
Supernumerary Ectopic Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma Combined With Parathyroid Hyperplasia
Authors: Gwak Jang Wook , Kim Jeong Heon , Kim Tae Gyeong , Yu Myeong Sang
Published: September 2022

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone levels. In most cases, the disease involves a single parathyroid adenoma, followed by parathyroid hyperplasia, but the incidence of ectopic parathyroid adenoma is rare. However, in cases where the parathyroid hormone level remains high even after parathyroid surgery, an ectopic parathyroid gland should be considered. Here in a case of a 60-year-old female who presented PHPT is reported. She had undergone a surgical removal of the parathyroid gland of suspected hyperplasia, but still represented persistent PHPT, postoperatively. Ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma was identified by 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid scan and surgical excision via a median sternotomy approach was performed. Thirty-eight months postoperatively, there was no evidence of recurrence. Preoperative localization assessment is critical for minimizing surgical failure in cases of PHPT.
Analysis of Routine ENT Preoperative Assessment Using Korean National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Chang Jung Hyun , Chung Hyo Jin , Chun Sungyoun , Kim Jung-ha , Park Sung Joon , Lee Sei Young
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives Preoperative assessment is one of the most important fields in surgery and anesthesia as it can reduce morbidity and mortality from surgery and detect abnormal findings not clinically observed through preoperative examination. However, excessive non-vital preoperative routine tests have been criticized. The aim of the study is to investigate the current use of elective preoperative evaluations using otorhinolaryngologic surgery covering patients of all ages with various levels of difficulty.Subjects and Method Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data, we investigated 98890 subjects who underwent otorhinolaryngologic surgery during the year 2018. We evaluated sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, medical institutions, and operation characteristics of the subjects and analyzed in detail their routine blood and urine test items, sonographic exams and pulmonary function tests.Results There were differences in the implementation of preoperative blood and urine tests, sonographic exams and pulmonary function tests according to sociodemographic characteristics, types and locations of medical institutions. Old age, low socioeconomic status, comorbid condition, high Charlson’s Comorbidity Index, tertiary hospital were the factors that increased preoperative evaluation tests.Conclusion Appropriate preoperative evaluation is needed for predicting and preparing for the possibility of treatment complications as well as improving treatment quality while reducing costs for perioperative management.
Short-Term Topical Antibiotic Treatment in Nasal Cavity Actinomycosis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mun Young Min , Im Sang Kwon , Lee Gyu Man , Jung Su Young
Published: September 2022

Actinomycosis is a rare acute-to-chronic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces. A 7-year-old healthy girl presented with left-sided nasal obstruction and purulent discharge. She had no special medical or trauma history, and the symptoms developed gradually after severe vomiting one month prior to the visit. Nasal endoscopy revealed white-black-colored cheesy material that appeared as a foreign body or fungal material in the left nasal cavity. The lesion was completely removed endoscopically under local anesthesia. The patient was prescribed only a topical antibiotic ointment without any additional systemic antibiotics. She was diagnosed with actinomycosis based on histopathological examination after a few days. There was no recurrence at six months post-procedure. The common treatment for actinomycosis is surgical removal and a systemic antibiotic therapy. However, this case was successful with complete surgical removal and only a short-term topical antibiotic ointment therapy. Therefore, the treatment for actinomycosis should differ based on clinical characteristics and the patient’s condition.
A Case of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Occurring in the Bilateral Accessory Parotid and Parotid Glands Presenting as Infra-Zygomatic Masses
Authors: Moon Seong Kyu , Kwon Hyeok Ro , Kim Eun Ju , Kim Seung Woo
Published: September 2022

Neoplasm from the accessory parotid glands (APG) rarely occurs, and its malignancy rate is higher than other salivary glands. The B-cell lymphoma from APG is rare, with less than 2% of all malignancy in APG. The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, a subtype of B-cell lymphoma, tends to be a localized disease with an indolent clinical course. It is very rare for MALT lymphoma to develop bilaterally in the APG and the parotid glands without an autoimmune disease. A 43-year-old male presented with superficial masses in the bilateral infra-zygomatic regions, and was pathologically confirmed as MALT lymphoma by excisional biopsy. We report this very rare and interesting case with a brief literature review.
Neratinib as a Potential Therapeutic for Mutant RAS and Osimertinib-Resistant Tumours
Authors: Dent Paul , Booth Laurence , Poklepovic Andrew , Hancock John F.
Published: September 2022

Neratinib was developed as an irreversible catalytic inhibitor of ERBB2, which also acts to inhibit ERBB1 and ERBB4. Neratinib is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved as a neo-adjuvant therapy for use in HER2+ breast cancer. More recently, chemical biology analyses and the authors’ own bench work have demonstrated that neratinib has additional targets, which open up the possibility of using the drug in cell types that either lack ERBB receptor family expression or who rely on survival signalling downstream of growth factor receptors. Neratinib rapidly disrupted mutant RAS nanoclustering, which was followed by mutant rat sarcoma virus proteins translocating via LC3-associated phagocytosis into the cytosol where they were degraded by macroautophagy. Neratinib catalytically inhibited the MAP4K mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 4 and also caused its degradation via macroautophagy. This resulted in ezrin dephosphorylation and the plasma membrane becoming flaccid. Neratinib disrupted the nanoclustering of RAC1, which was associated with dephosphorylation of PAK1 and Merlin, and with increased phosphorylation of the Merlin binding partners large tumour suppressor kinase 1/2, YAP, and TAZ. YAP and TAZ exited the nucleus. Neratinib retained its anti-tumour efficacy against NSCLC cells made resistant to either afatinib or to osimertinib. Collectively, these findings argue that the possibilities for the further development of neratinib as cancer therapeutic in malignancies that do not express or over-express members of the ERBB receptor family are potentially wide-ranging.
Black Women Leaders: Sociopolitical Identity Development as a Pathway to Success
Authors: Skeffrey Dina C.
Published: September 2022

Although they have poked a few holes in the "concrete ceiling" that represents the barrier to Black women's entrance into influential jobs, Black women are still underrepresented in leadership roles in society. This commentary, which is offered through the lens of a Black woman in business leadership and higher education investigates ways to improve the educational achievement of young Black women, and to put them on a pathway to a lifetime of success in their post-college trajectory. Research asserts that resources are available to support the success of Black women and enable them to achieve influential roles in which they excel. This journey begins with school-age girls, specifically with their educational trajectory, which should provide teaching that models and exemplifies cultural acceptance. Exposing the inequality Black females experience in the school system enables opportunities for discussion and innovative techniques to emerge. However, this requires first acknowledging and celebrating Black girls as producers of knowledge in a socially stratified education system.
Dreaming Beyond Boundaries: Reimagining the Role of Black Mothers in Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy
Authors: Coleman-King Chonika , Brown Taryrn T. C. , Haynes-Thoby Latoya , Dowie-Chin Tianna
Published: September 2022

Black women have historically informed educational theory and practice. As Black women who have been nurtured and sustained by Black women's educational leadership both inside and outside the home, and who mother and "othermother" Black children, we seek to recognize and honor the labor of Black women. Motherwork, a term coined by Patricia Hill Collins, refers to the "reproductive labor" that women of color engage in to ensure the survival of family, community, and self. Black women center their motherwork on Black children by asserting their knowledge and experiences as related to teaching and learning. In this paper, we explore Black mothering as culturally sustaining pedagogy. We also reimagine and dream about our Black children's possibilities for learning. Through this work, we seek to center Black mothers as knowledge bearers and guides for building and sustaining Black children's brilliance and culture. We contend that Black mothering should be of foremost consideration in developing culturally sustaining pedagogy.
Black Girls Negotiating Code-Switching: The Importance of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in the Classroom
Authors: Frederic Yanick Chery
Published: September 2022

Literature that reflects and embraces the history and lived experiences of Black girls and women should be incorporated into school curricula. Implementing text and lessons about history and events of the lives of Black girls and women as well as books about and authored by Black women provides a space where Black adolescent girls can see reflections of themselves. This can help them to gain and maintain a solid sense of identity and belonging. Exposure to texts that reflect their lives can also illustrate for these girls that there is value in their lived experiences, including their linguistic and cultural code-switching. They can learn that their modes of expression and their perspectives are not disreputable but simply a part of their culture. Providing such a curriculum will pique these girls' interest in academics and help them find their voice and agency in the academic setting, which will empower them to participate in the classroom discourse.
The Place and Importance of Turkey in Afghan Refugee Migration
Authors: BAYTAR İrfan
Published: September 2022

Anatolia has been the scene of massive refugee influxes due to different reasons in different periods from the past to the present because of its geographical location. Besides, there have been also refugee transits from some African countries, especially Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. This is because Turkey is located at the point where the Asian, European and African continents come closest to each other, and it is a transit country which bridges Asia and Europe. Although Turkey has been a transit country in recent years, it has also started to be a target country. Thus, immigrants come to Turkey from African and Middle Eastern countries. Iran's reluctance to prevent refugee crossings (as it does not take effective precautions) and the rugged border between Turkey and Iran increase the refugee inflows on this route. The main target of both individual and mass migrations is to pass to western countries. However, if immigrants cannot go to these countries, they start to live in Turkey. This study focuses on refugees’ efforts for going to Western countries or settling in Turkey due to the conflict and chaos that occurred at different times in Afghanistan. In recent years, the issue of migration and refugees has gained more importance as a result of the instability in Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan, and the high number of Syrians under temporary protection status. Due to the economic problems in the world and in Turkey, economic conditions have weakened, and people’s perspectives towards refugees have also changed.
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 regulates satellite cell activation, early expansion, and self-renewal, in response to skeletal muscle injury
Authors: Shams Ahmed S. , Arpke Robert W. , Gearhart Micah D. , Weiblen Johannes , Mai Ben , Oyler David , Bosnakovski Darko , Mahmoud Omayma M. , Hassan Gamal M. , Kyba Michael
Published: September 2022

Acute skeletal muscle injury is followed by satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation to replace damaged fibers with newly regenerated muscle fibers, processes that involve satellite cell interactions with various niche signals. Here we show that satellite cell specific deletion of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, followed by suppression of recombination escapers, leads to defects in regeneration and satellite cell pool repopulation in both the transplantation and in situ injury contexts. Mechanistically, we show that endothelial cells and FAPs express the gene for the ligand, SDF1α, and that CXCR4 is principally required for proper activation and for transit through the first cell division, and to a lesser extent the later cell divisions. In the absence of CXCR4, gene expression in quiescent satellite cells is not severely disrupted, but in activated satellite cells a subset of genes normally induced by activation fail to upregulate normally. These data demonstrate that CXCR4 signaling is essential to normal early activation, proliferation, and self-renewal of satellite cells.
Comparison Of The Gut Microbiota In Different Age Groups In China
Authors: Yan Hang , Qin Qian , Yan Su , Chen Jingfeng , Yang Yang , Li Tiantian , Gao Xinxin , Ding Suying
Published: September 2022

Aging is now the most profound risk factor for almost all non-communicable diseases. Studies have shown that probiotics play a specific role in fighting aging. We used metagenomic sequencing to study the changes in gut microbes in different age groups and found that aging had the most significant effect on subjects’ gut microbe structure. Our study divided the subjects (n=614) into two groups by using 50 years as the age cut-off point for the grouping. Compared with the younger group, several species with altered abundance and specific functional pathways were found in the older group. At the species level, the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium longum, Clostridium bolteae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Parabacteroides merdae were increased in older individuals. They were positively correlated to the pathways responsible for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and the degradation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). On the contrary, the levels of Barnesiella intestinihominis, Megamonas funiformis, and Subdoligranulum unclassified were decreased in the older group, which negatively correlated with the above pathways (p-value<0.05). Functional prediction revealed 92 metabolic pathways enriched in the older group significantly higher than those in the younger group (p-value<0.05), especially pathways related to LPS biosynthesis and the degradation of SCFAs. Additionally, we established a simple non-invasive model of aging, nine species (Bacteroides fragilis, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Bifidobacterium longum, Clostridium bolteae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Megamonas funiformis, Parabacteroides merdae, and Subdoligranulum unclassified) were selected to construct the model. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of the model implied that supplemented probiotics might influence aging. We discuss the features of the aging microbiota that make it more amenable to pre-and probiotic interventions. We speculate these metabolic pathways of gut microbiota can be associated with the immune status and inflammation of older adults. Health interventions that promote a diverse microbiome could influence the health of older adults.
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) for the possible therapeutics and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Plant-based drug discovery and targeted therapy
Authors: Singh Manali , Jayant Kuldeep , Singh Dipti , Bhutani Shivani , Poddar Nitesh Kumar , Chaudhary Anis Ahmad , Khan Salah-Ud-Din , Adnan Mohd , Siddiqui Arif Jamal , Hassan Md Imtaiyaz , Khan Faez Iqbal , Lai Dakun , Khan Shahanavaj
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has killed huge populations throughout the world and acts as a high-risk factor for elderly and young immune-suppressed patients. There is a critical need to build up secure, reliable, and efficient drugs against to the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Bioactive compounds of Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] may implicate as herbal medicine for the management and treatment of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of the current work is to update the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection and information about the implication of various compounds of medicinal plant Withania somnifera with minimum side effects on the patients’ organs. The herbal medicine Withania somnifera has an excellent antiviral activity that could be implicated in the management and treatment of flu and flu-like diseases connected with SARS-CoV-2. The analysis was performed by systematically re-evaluating the published articles related to the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and the herbal medicine Withania somnifera. In the current review, we have provided the important information and data of various bioactive compounds of Withania somnifera such as Withanoside V, Withanone, Somniferine, and some other compounds, which can possibly help in the management and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Withania somnifera has proved its potential for maintaining immune homeostasis of the body, inflammation regulation, pro-inflammatory cytokines suppression, protection of multiple organs, anti-viral, anti-stress, and anti-hypertensive properties. Withanoside V has the potential to inhibit the main proteases (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. At present, synthetic adjuvant vaccines are used against COVID-19. Available information showed the antiviral activity in Withanoside V of Withania somnifera, which may explore as herbal medicine against to SARS-CoV-2 infection after standardization of parameters of drug development and formulation in near future.