bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extremismo, Radicalismo e Radicalização uma distinção necessária no debate sobre o Terrorismo
Authors: Sitoe Rufino
Published: July 2023

Este artigo faz um debate conceptual de terrorismo, extremismo, radicalismo e radicalização com o objectivo de produzir distinções que enriqueçam o debate teórico sobre o fenómeno terrorista, pois assume que há armadilhas retóricas que é preciso esclarecer e ultrapassar para melhorar o debate e teorização sobre o terrorismo. Para o efeito, a principal metodologia usada foi uma abordagem qualitativa, com apoio das técnicas bibliográfica e documental, através das quais foi consultada a principal literatura sobre os conceitos, bem como documentos de instituições e organizações nacionais e internacionais que lidam com os fenómenos em análise. A principal conclusão produzida é de que estes quatro conceitos são distintos entre si porquanto o terrorismo é essencialmente uma acção violenta levada a cabo por indivíduos, grupos, ou até mesmo pelos Estados, contra determinados alvos civis com a pretensão de atingir uma audiência maior do que as vítimas imediatas, visando um objectivo político determinado; por sua vez, o extremismo refere-se à uma intolerância violenta ou não violenta aos outros baseada na convicção da assertividade das suas crenças e consequente tentativa de coartar a liberdade de pensar e agir dos demais; enquanto o radicalismo representa um pensamento progressista que consiste na luta por direitos e liberdades de grupos tradicionalmente excluídos e; finalmente, a radicalização é o processo pelo qual um indivíduo passa até a decisão de cometer actos terroristas. Com isso, o extremismo insere-se no processo de radicalização e o terrorismo é uma acção consequente da radicalização. O radicalismo é um conceito mais distante dos demais pela sua conotação positiva na transformação social.
A Formação Socioespacial e Histórico-Cultural do Alto Uruguai Rio-Grandense
Authors: Nascimento José Antonio Moraes do
Published: July 2023

A formação socioespacial e histórico-cultural do Alto Uruguai rio-grandense foi pautada pela ação do Estado, em especial pela atuação da Diretoria de Terras e Colonização. Ao mesmo tempo, os vários grupos sociais envolvidos reagiram e resistiram, interferindo no curso do processo desencadeado pelos diferentes governos. A região era coberta por uma densa floresta, com presença de ervais, que servia de moradia e sustento para caboclos e indígenas. Grande parte das terras era devoluta, na ótica governamental, públicas. Por isso, o poder público as vendeu para imigrantes, com a finalidade de ampliar sua densidade demográfica, desencadeando vários conflitos étnico-culturais.
Literacy in a post-truth world
Authors: Kolinksy Régine , Arnal Camila , Bouali Habiba , Justino Julia , Tossonian Méghane , Rautu Sabina , Morais José , Pantazi Myrto , Klein Olivier
Published: July 2023

: This theoretical paper examines whether acquiring better literacy skills may help people to be less vulnerable to various types of information disorders such as fake news or conspiracy theories. We start this venture by looking, first, at the relationships between vulnerability to information disorders and literacy (or, more generally, formal education), and second, at the literacy-induced transfer effects on cognitive skills. Then we will comment on some interesting findings made within the framework of an experimental project in which we examined subliterate adults and adolescents. Grounded on these results, we conjecture on the relationships between literacy, logical reasoning, critical thinking and endorsement of conspiracy theories.
Simulation of the time dependent dielectric breakdown of a porous dielectric in the metallization system of integrated circuits of the modern topological level
Authors: Orlov A. A. , Rezvanov A. A.
Published: July 2023

In this work, the simulation of the processes of diffusion of metal barrier ions into a low-k dielectric between two nearby copper lines was performed. Based on experimental data on the diffusion coefficient published in the scientific literature and calculations according to the mathematical model of the distribution of metal barrier ions in the dielectric, the time dependent breakdown of a porous low-k dielectric in the elements of very large-scale integrated circuits of the modern topological level was estimated. Additionally, the work obtained dependences of the dielectric breakdown time on the distance between two nearby copper lines along with dependence on the supply voltage of the line (the other line is grounded).
Influence of PECVD features of SiNx deposition processes on electrical parameters of SiNx/AlGaN/GaN structures
Authors: Еnisherlova K. L. , Seidman L. A. , Temper E. T. , Kontsevoy Yu. A.
Published: July 2023

In this work, we studied the influence of the processes of plasma-chemical deposition of SiNx films on the electrical parameters of the dielectric/AlGaN/GaN structure. The effect of the composition of the formed films, the effect of additional surface treatment of heterostructures in nitrogen plasma prior to dielectric deposition, as well as the effect of the RF bias supply during this treatment on the C-V and I-V characteristics of the SiNx/AlGaN/GaN structures were analyzed. It was found that for films with a ratio of nitrogen and silicon concentrations of 60 % and 40 %, as well as with an increased oxygen content, a decrease in the value of a fixed positive charge in these structures is characteristic, but the appearance of current pulsations is observed on the I-V characteristics of the structures. It was revealed how the modes of the plasma chemistry process affect such parameters of oscillations as the period, amplitude, length of the section of the I-V characteristic, where oscillations are observed. A possible explanation of the reasons for the appearance of characteristic pulsations is proposed. It has been established that the additional action of nitrogen plasma on the surface of the heterostructure before the monosilane is introduced into the chamber leads to a change in the magnitude and sign of the fixed charge and to a decrease in the concentration of free carriers in the channel of a two-dimensional gas of SiNx/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. It is shown experimentally how the technological features of the deposition and surface preparation processes can affect the electrical parameters of the formed heterostructures.
Investigation of the effect of short-term exposure of oxygen and hydrogen plasma on the composition and structure of thin tin dioxide films
Authors: Tompakova N. M. , Polisan A. A.
Published: July 2023

Modern technologies cannot do without the production of thin films of tin dioxide, which are most widely used mainly in three areas: as transparent electrodes, catalysts, and solid-state sensors of various gases. Their use as transparent electrodes is associated with a high transmittance of tin dioxide layers in the optical range, as well as with their low electrical resistivity. The effect of short-term exposure to plasma on the composition and structure of thin films of tin dioxide obtained from a solution of pentahydrate tin tetrachloride in 97% ethanol with different concentrations of tin ions is considered. A linear character of the dependence of the thickness of the tin dioxide SnO2 films on the concentration of the solution and the number of deposited layers is revealed. A decrease in the electrical resistance of the films with an increase in the concentration of the initial solution and an increase in the number of layers was found. It is shown that the treatment of SnO2 films with hydrogen plasma makes it possible to reduce their electrical resistance of the films without decreasing the transparency. Treatment with oxygen plasma reduces the transparency of the SnO2 films, and the resistance of the films increases with an increase in the duration of such treatment.
Modeling of kinetics of chemical vapor deposition and the basic characteristics of the layers
Authors: Evdokimov V. L.
Published: July 2023

Proposed the molecular-kinetic model of formation of layers from the gas phase, including complex kinetic scheme of stages and equations for calculations of the speeds of heterogeneous and homogeneous growth. The growth rate takes into account the stage of diffusion, adsorption and chemical reaction with the formation on the substrate and in a boundary layer of the main gas, by-products and clusters. Defined indicators of chemical, structural and topological irregularities, as the deviations of the basic characteristics of layers. The characteristics of silicone oxide layers are estimated using examples of deposition by oxidation of monosilane and tetraethoxysilane.
Determination of the initial guess for the problem of memristor model parameters extraction using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Shamin E. S. , Zhevnenko D. A. , Meshchaninov F. P. , Kozhevnikov V. S. , Gornev E. S.
Published: July 2023

The focus of this work is on the algorithm of extraction of parameters of the memristor model from the experimentally obtained current-voltage characteristics. The problem of finding the initial guess for this algorithm based on current-voltage characteristic features is stated and solved by means of machine learning algorithms.
Removing knotted or stuck epidural catheters: a systematic review of case reports
Authors: Khadka Bikash , Sharma Apurb , Regmi Ashim , Ghimire Anup , Bhattarai Prajjwal Raj
Published: July 2023

Background: The knotting or in vivo entrapment of epidural catheters is an uncommon butchallenging issue for anesthesiologists. This study aimed to identify the possible causes behindentrapped epidural catheters and the effective methods for their removal.Methods: A systematic review of relevant case reports and series was conducted using thepatient/population, intervention, comparison and outcome framework and keywords suchas “epidural,” “catheter,” “knotting,” “stuck,” “entrapped,” and “entrapment.” The PreferredReporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was followed, andthe review protocol was registered with International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews(CRD42021291266).Results: The analysis included 59 cases with a mean depth of catheter insertion from theskin of 11.825 cm and an average duration of 8.17 h for the detection of non-functioningcatheters. In 27 cases (45.8%), a radiological knot was found, with an average length of2.59 cm from the tip. The chi-squared test revealed a significant difference between the initialand final positions of catheter insertion (P = 0.049).Conclusions: Deep insertion was the primary cause of epidural catheter entrapment. To removethe entrapped catheters, the lateral decubitus position should be attempted first, followedby the position used during insertion. Based on these findings, recommendations forthe prevention and removal of entrapped catheters have been formulated.
Caught in the Crossfire: Employers of Emolument Attachment Order Debtors and the Challenge to Achieve Proportionally Fair Wage Deductions
Authors: Van der Merwe Stephan
Published: July 2023

To provide society with the benefit of an effective emolument attachment order (EAO) environment, several role-players must fulfil essential interconnected functions. The process relies on the cooperation of the garnishee (the employer of the EAO debtor), who is responsible for the periodic deductions from the employees' salary and the transfer of these funds to the creditor(s). Employers therefore carry an administrative burden to maintain the human resource capacity and administrative systems necessary to properly enforce EAOs. In addition to this administrative duty, employers are at risk of incurring personal liability vis a vis the creditor as well as the debtor. This article will highlight the risk to employers in the administration of EAOs, specifically arising from the legal uncertainty regarding proportionality in EAO deductions. The article describes the current legislative framework and its relevant frailty. It then delineates the scope of the study by exploring the concept of proportionality within the context of EAOs. This is followed with a summary of the relevant historic and contemporary context, before dealing with the prevailing EAO-related challenges. Although a detailed comparative analysis falls outside the scope of this article, it also contains a brief overview of how these challenges regarding proportionality in wage garnishment are managed in England and the United States of America. The contribution concludes with recommendations based on the research findings. Ultimately, the author submits that employers are currently more at risk from liability for the maladministration of their employees' EAOs than they may generally appreciate and that proactive steps should be taken to address the situation.
Walking the Tightrope: The President's Council, P.W. Botha and the Rhetoric of Reform
Authors: Chetty Suryakanthie
Published: July 2023

The response by P.W. Botha to the economic crisis, civil unrest and international condemnation affecting South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s was described as his 'total strategy'. An aspect of this was a process of reform in the system of apartheid in order to meet the challenges to modernisation and economic development. The President's Council was an advisory body established by Botha to investigate and make recommendations regarding reform in the socio-economic and political spheres, which were undermining apartheid ideology of racial segregation. Comprising five committees with delegates drawn from diverse sectors of the South African population, the President's Council published several reports identifying the challenges facing South Africa and the means by which it hoped to address them. The reports focused on education, demography, black urbanisation, discriminatory legislation and constitutional reform. A hitherto largely neglected source, these reports and their ideological and intellectual influences are analysed in this article so as to assess the possibilities and limitations of Botha's reforming initiative.
Una reflexión sobre la práctica en educación preescolar
Authors: Molina-Cano Leidy Johana , Rodríguez-Gómez Hilda Mar
Published: July 2023

La práctica pedagógica en educación preescolar está cruzada por las determinaciones que hacen los documentos de políticas públicas y por un conjunto de imaginarios que recorren las instituciones educativas. Con base en experiencias concretas, presentamos algunas categorías que engloban las percepciones y creencias sobre el oficio y el saber de las maestras de preescolar que, desde la perspectiva de las autoras, oscila entre un mesianismo utópico, la idea de asistencia y cuidado y un menosprecio intelectual sobre el saber pedagógico de las maestras de preescolar. En estas categorías que enunciamos, encontramos que hay desprecio por el saber y desconfianza en la capacidad intelectual de las maestras; se juzga innecesario que haya fundamentación teórica y análisis de la cotidianidad escolar; hay confusión de funciones (entre la madre y la maestra) que hace del cuidado una práctica precaria y no un ejercicio político, y de la enseñanza un remedo, una falsa maniobra. Para dar cuenta de estas opciones de la práctica, hacemos un recorrido normativo que permite situar este nivel educativo en una trama de anhelos, deseos y perspectivas de formación para proponer la idea de una práctica que, en consonancia con el contexto, sea instrumento etnográfico para la actuación pedagógica.
Üstbiliş Öğrenme Stratejileri, İstatistik Kaygısı ve Başarı Arasındaki İlişki: Bir Lisans İstatistik Dersi Örneği
Authors: ÇELİK Halil Coşkun
Published: July 2023

: Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının lisans düzeyinde bir istatistik dersindeki üstbiliş öğrenme stratejileri, istatistik kaygısı ve başarıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanan çalışma, istatistik dersi alan 112 matematik öğretmeni adayı üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Veriler Bilişötesi Öğrenme Stratejileri Ölçeği, İstatistik Kaygı Ölçeği yoluyla toplanmıştır. Başarı ölçütü olarak, öğretmen adaylarının dönem sonu istatistik başarı notları alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelâsyon Katsayısı, istatistik kaygısı ve başarının üstbiliş stratejilerini yordama gücünü ortaya koymak amacıyla Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda istatistik kaygısını oluşturan iki alt faktör (yorumlama kaygısı ve yardım isteme kaygısı) ile üstbiliş öğrenme stratejileri arasındaki korelasyon negatif yönde düşük düzeyde, başarı ve üstbiliş öğrenme stratejileri arasında ki korelasyon pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca istatistik kaygısını oluşturan tüm alt faktörler (sınav, yorumlama ve yardım isteme kaygısı) ile birlikte başarının, üstbiliş öğrenme stratejilerindeki değişimin yaklaşık %26’sını açıkladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sadece sınav kaygısı, yorumlama kaygısı ve başarı üstbiliş öğrenme stratejileri üzerinde anlamlı bir yordayıcıdır. Araştırmanın sonuçları; öğretmen adaylarının istatistik kaygısı ve başarısı üzerinde etkili bir bileşen olan üstbiliş öğrenme stratejilerinin önemini keşfetme ihtiyacına işaret etmektedir. Kaygı, başarı ve üstbiliş stratejileri arasında ki korelasyonlar, daha ayrıntılı çalışmaların yapılması ihtiyacının olduğunu göstermektedir.
Jurisprudencia ambiental en el País Vasco (Primer semestre 2023)
Authors: Lazkano Brotóns Iñigo
Published: July 2023

Jurisprudencia ambiental en el País Vasco (Primer semestre 2023)
Pengaruh Pengurusan Maklumat Terhadap Keberkesanan Program Latihan dan Pembangunan Sektor Awam: Kajian Rintis di Jabatan Penyiaran Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Md Noor Noorzihidayah , Mahbob Maizatul Haizan ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: July 2023

Information management is important for an organization because it can drive organizational excellence. An increasingly complex environment requires efficient information management and effective training and development programs. This is very significant especially when there is a conflict or crisis. T Therefore, the objective of this paper is in addition to obtaining the validity and reliability value of the constructed questionnaire items, it is also to determine the influence of information management which includes information environment, information ambiguity and communication cycle on the effectiveness of training and development programs in the public sector. This study used a survey method through a questionnaire that was distributed to 102 respondents consisting of staff at the Department of Broadcasting Malaysia online through the Google Form platform. Weick's Organizational Information Theory and Kirkpatrick's Evaluation Model were adopted in this study. The collected data was then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v.22 software to test the validity and reliability of the items and then test the hypotheses presented. The results of the study show that all aspects of information management studies have a strong positive significant relationship with the effectiveness of training and development programs. Through regression analysis it proves that information management contributes as much as 71.9% to the effectiveness of training and development programs but the aspect of the information environment has no influence on the dependent variable. Overall, aspects of the communication cycle are the main contributors that affect the effectiveness of training and development programs compared to aspects of the information environment and information ambiguity. Keywords: Kirkpatrick Assessment Model, information management, training and development programs, public sector, Weick's Organizational Information Theory.
Komunikasi Antarabudaya Pelarian Rohingya di Malaysia: Peranan Pekerjaan dan Pendidikan dalam Akulturasi dan Integrasi
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Mustafa Balqis Aini , Ahmad Abdul Latiff ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Aziz Jamaluddin ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Ab. Wahab Andika ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: July 2023

Intercultural adaptation is a process of adjustment that involves communication between individuals and the host environment. This process occurs as long as there is "interaction" with the host environment. In Malaysia, the Rohingyas are the largest refugee population as of May 2023. This population migrated forcibly and experienced intercultural adaptation upon their arrival in Malaysia. Malaysia is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol. Moreover, Malaysia does not have a specific legal or administrative framework to regulate the status and rights of refugees in this country. This makes it difficult for them to get job opportunities and access to education. This study aims to delve into the intercultural adaptation experiences of Rohingya refugees in accessing employment and education in Malaysia; and applying Ager and Strang’s (2008) conceptual framework of integration. A total of 15 male Rohingya refugees residing in Klang Valley were interviewed. Data analysis found that the experience of Rohingya refugees in Malaysia in accessing employment and education is indeed challenging. Although they are having difficulties securing a job, they are able to support themselves, their families, and send money to family members abroad. In addition, employment also acts as a platform for them to learn Bahasa Melayu through communication at the workplace. Despite facing challenges in accessing education, they are still hoping their children will receive proper education. This study also found that employment and education are crucial to support intercultural communication especially related to acculturation and integration of Rohingya refugees in Malaysia. Keywords: Rohingya refugees, employment, education, acculturation, integration.
Juggling Identities: Komik Bunda’s Representation of “Good” Working Mothers During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Indonesia, Stephani Nicky
Published: July 2023

Being a working mother during the Covid-19 pandemic has not been easy. Various tweets and posts on social media display the multiple roles that mothers have been expected to play. The dynamics of motherhood during the pandemic were incisively portrayed in Komik Bunda, a comic published on one of the leading parenting sites in Indonesia, haibunda.com. This qualitative study explores how working mothers negotiate their identities to adapt, persist, and innovate amidst the ups and downs of the pandemic situation in Indonesia. Critical content analysis is performed on 30 comic strips with the theme of motherhood during a pandemic, and the findings are analysed from the perspective of feminist standpoint theory, identity, and representation. This study indicates that women experience an excessive workload resulting from their multiple identities as mothers, teachers, and workers during the pandemic. Negotiation efforts, such as identity segmentation and conceptualising partners as secondary parents, emerged as ways to manage the tensions between identities. The discussion in this study shows that the tension between identities will continue as long as women are confined by the myths of “good” mothers and “ideal” workers promoted by the ideologies of neoliberalism and capitalism. This study concludes that identity negotiation is not only about the identity mothers choose to hold but also about the authenticity and balance displayed by working mothers during and after the pandemic. Keywords: Working mother, identity, feminist standpoint theory, representation, critical content analysis.
ECONOMIC RECESSION AND FERTILITY AMONG EDUCATIONAL GROUPS IN TURKEY
Authors: AKÇA Haşim , ELA Mehmet
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to determine Economic recessions affect economic and social indicators considerably. In this regard, fertility rates are affected by economic recessions and their implications. Generally, fertility rate is affected negatively by the economic recessions. Although crises decrease fertility rates, for crisis and fertility relationship there is variation by region, areas (urban-rural), age, educational level and parity. From this point of view, in this paper we looked at fertility rates among educational levels in crisis years for Turkey. Importing data from Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (TNSA), we found that women with higher educational level were less affected than women with lower educational levels by the economic recession in Turkey. Women with higher education increased total desired fertility rate (TDFR) and total fertility rate (TFR) while women with lower educational level decreased their TDFR and TFR.
Late diagnostics of hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: clinical case
Authors: Kolomeets N. Yu. , Shulkina S. G. , Averyanova N. I. , Rudavina T. I. , Chernyshova O. I. , Molokanova A. V.
Published: July 2023

Diabetes insipidus belongs to the group of rare heterogeneous diseases, it can manifest at any age and is distinguished by a variety of etiological factors, pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical variants of the debut and course. A significant water-electrolyte imbalance in this type of diabetes is its "calling card". The article presents a description of a clinical case of a preschool patient with early verification and late diagnosis of hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus as a result of the lack of alertness of primary care specialists. Low awareness of parents about the essence of the pathology, insufficient sanitary and cultural level of the family and, as a result, a low level of parental compliance create additional risks for achieving a long-term remission. This case reflects the importance of a thorough history taking, which makes it possible to suspect the hereditary nature of the disease from the first days of a child's life at the outpatient stage. Carrying out timely diagnostics both at the regional and federal levels for further development of treatment tactics, recommendations and a follow-up plan is a necessary step towards improving the patient's quality of life.
A colossus of Perm endocrinology: dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of professor I.V. Tereshchenko
Authors: Yakovleva G. A.
Published: July 2023

Irina Vladimirovna Tereshchenko is a Doctor of Medical Sciences, an Honoured Professor of Academician E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Correspondent Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Science, founder of Perm School of Endocrinology. More than 60 years of her life, she devoted to medicine including 47 of them to Perm Medical University. Irina Vladimirovna is a remarkable person, doctor, scientist, researcher and a talented teacher, founder of Perm School of Endocrinology.
Having graduated from school with a silver medal, she entered the Medical Faculty of Nizhny Novgorod Medical Institute. Since that time, medicine became her fate. After graduating from medical institute, Irina Vladimirovna worked as a therapeutist at the hospitals and polyclinics of the city of Gorky and in 1960 began to work in the Unit of Endocrinology of Gorky Regional Hospital. In 1968 Irina Vladimirovna defended her candidate thesis, and in 1987 doctoral thesis. Both theses concerned the issue of pubertal dispituitarism. The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, treatment and prevention of this disease were studied in details and the developed method of bitemporal inductothermy is very effictive. In 1970, Irina Vladimirovna came to Perm and began to work as an Assistant and since 1974 an Associate Professor at the Department of Hospital Therapy of Perm Medical Institute. From 1976 to 1988, she worked at the Department of Hospital Therapy № 2 and then she headed the Department of Therapy of Medicoprophylactic Faculty. Afterwards, Irina Vladimirovna worked at the Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Pharmacology of Perm Medical Academy.
Irina Vladimirovna is the author of 4 monographs and more than 550 papers. Professor Tereshchenko is a Correspondent Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Science. All her scientific works greatly contribute to theoretical and practical endocrinology.
Frequency of isolation of nosocomial pneumonia pathogens from the respiratory tract of cardiac surgery hospital patients who are under extended artificial lung ventilation and efficiency of oral cavity sanitation with chlorhexidine solution
Authors: Kudryavtseva Larisa G. , Sergevnin Victor I. , Pegushina Olga G. , Krasotkin Alexey V. , Vorobyova Marina M.
Published: July 2023

Objective. To assess the frequency and degree of bacterial contamination of the respiratory tract in patients of cardiac surgery hospital, who are on prolonged mechanical ventilation, and to evaluate the efficiency of sanitation of the oral cavity with a solution of chlorhexidine.
Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the oral and tracheobronchial tract microbiota in operated patients of cardiac surgery hospital undergoing prolonged (4872 hours) artificial lung ventilation (ALV) was carried out. Microbiological assessment of the effectiveness of the oral cavity sanation with 0.1 % aqueous chlorhexidine solution is given.
Results. The oral and tracheobronchial microbiota of cardiac surgery patients undergoing prolonged ALV are represented by gram-positive (S. epidermidis) and gram-negative (K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii) microorganisms as well as Candida fungi. It was found out that the indices of the frequency and intensity of microbial isolation from the samples of the lower parts of the respiratory tract content were comparable with those of the oral cavity. The exception was S. epidermidis, the number of which in the lower airways compared to the upper ones was low. There was a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of microbial contamination of the oral cavity in patients on ALV after the sanation procedure with an aqueous chlorhexidine solution.
Conclusions. Frequency and intensity indices of opportunistic microorganisms (K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. inaumannii, Candida fungi) isolation from the oral cavity and lower respiratory tract in patients of cardiac surgical hospital under prolonged ALV have no statistically significant differences. The exception is S. epidermidis, whose numbers in the lower airways are low compared to the upper ones. The microbiological effectiveness of 0.1 % aqueous chlorhexidine solution in the process of sanitation of the oral cavity in patients on prolonged ALV has been established.
Acute (profuse) hemorrhoidal bleeding
Authors: Khairullin Aiwaz A. , Klimentov Mikhail N. , Styazhkina Svetlana N. , Skornyakova Elena O. , Sysoev Sergey V.
Published: July 2023

Objective. Hemorrhoids is one of the most common diseases in adult coloproctological practice, the main manifestation of which is bleeding of different degree of activity and complexity. The aim of the study was to analyze the results of diagnostics and treatment of patients with different stages of hemorrhoids for 3 years.
Materials and methods. The results of diagnostics and treatment of patients with different stages of hemorrhoids treated in the coloproctological unit for 3 years (20192021) were analyzed.
Results. The article considers the hemorrhoidal bleeding and the possibility of classification to optimize treatment; an algorithm used for rendering medical care to this group of patients is presented. The case histories of patients with hemorrhoids, treated at the First Republican Clinical Hospital of Udmurt Republic, were analyzed.
Conclusions. Patients with profuse hemorrhoidal bleeding need hospitalization to the resuscitation unit, immediate identification and treatment of hemorrhagic shock. The offered protocol (algorithm) of managing patients permitted to work in a team, improve the quality of rendering medical care to patients with profuse hemorrhoidal bleeding and avoid lethal outcomes.
Perineal injuries in childbirth. Analysis of causes
Authors: Koval Marina V. , Askerova Marina G. , Ermolina Marina N. , Romanov Michail A. , Yachmeneva Marina A.
Published: July 2023

One of the most significant problems of obstetrics are perineal injuries, in the structure of which dominate ruptures. According to Russian and world literature data, the frequency of perineal ruptures ranges from 7 to 25 % of all the childbirths. The article considers the most significant predictors of this condition, including violation of vaginal microbiocenosis, perineal injuries in the anamnesis and instrumental birth. In addition, perineal injuries lead to immediate and long-term complications that significantly reduces the quality of women's life. Among the consequences of ruptures, most often pain and discomfort in the perineum area, impaired urination and fecal incontinence, as well as the development of infectious complications are observed.
Experience of transmural endoscopic drainage in treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts
Authors: Kotelnikova L. P. , Trushnikov D. V. , Khlebnikov P. D.
Published: July 2023

Objective. To evaluate the possibilities of transmural endoscopic drainage in the treatment of postnecrotic pancreatic pseudocysts in the immediate and long-term periods.
Materials and methods. From 2018 to 2022, a transmural endoscopic drainage method was used in the treatment of 36 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts at Perm Regional Clinical Hospital. The results were evaluated in the immediate postoperative period, 47 months before the removal of the stent and 14 years by the complaints of patients, blood amylase content, the results of ultrasound and CT examination of the abdominal cavity.
Results. Two-three days after the endoscopic intervention, the cyst completely disappeared in 30.56 % of patients, decreased by half or more of the diameter in 63.89 % and only in 5.56 % decreased slightly. After 14 years, the absence of cysts was registered in 80 %, small diameter (from 15 to 24 mm) in 10 %. Pancreatic cysts persisted in three patients (10 %). Statistical analysis showed that the wider was the main pancreatic duct and the higher the blood amylase level before transmural endoscopic drainage, the poorer was the treatment result.
Conclusions. Transmural endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts makes it possible to achieve complete disappearance or significant reduction in the size of pancreatic cysts a year or more after the intervention in 90 % of cases. The clinical result of transmural endoscopic drainage in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts depended on the initial width of the main pancreatic duct and the level of blood amylase.
Cultural Code or the Third Way of Russia
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Shakhova Daria I.
Published: July 2023

Such a phenomenon as the path-dependence problem occupies a special place in the institutional theory, like a kind of institutional trap which a society or a country has fallen, and inertially continues to follow this path. We very often hear about “Russia's special path”, about its peculiarities determined by historical, cultural and geographical peculiarities, but does this path really exist and isn't its “specialty” a trap itself? Or, on the contrary, our path-dependence consists in the fact that, realizing our own characteristics and capabilities, we have not realized our “life plan”? According to one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century – John Bordley Rawls, the feeling of successful implementation of a life plan is happiness, in terms of which Russia ranks 80th after Turkmenistan and Northern Cyprus. This article is devoted to finding answers to these questions and identifying those features of our country that distinguish us from other countries, but at the same time do not allow us to realize ourselves to the extent that is potentially possible. The study identifies the main characteristics of the cultural code of our country, which determine both our unique capabilities and factors that lead to a slowdown in potential economic development.
disminución de errores como evidencia del avance en la adquisición de la lectura
Authors: Quijano-Martínez María Cristina , Solovieva Yulia , Díaz-Upegui Katherine , Jiménez-Jiménez Sebastián
Published: July 2023

En el presente estudio se planteó evaluar la eficacia del Método Innovador para la Enseñanza de la Lectura, analizando los tipos de error que mejoran o permanecen después de la aplicación del método. Se conformó una muestra de 54 niños de segundo grado de primaria divididos en dos grupos: grupo control de 28 niños con un rendimiento pedagógico alto en lectoescritura y un grupo experimental de 26 niños con un rendimiento lector bajo. El grupo experimental fue intervenido con el Método Innovador, del cual se aplicó la primera fase durante cuatro meses; el grupo control solo recibió la instrucción que se imparte en la escuela regular. Ambos grupos fueron evaluados con la prueba Verificación del Éxito Escolar, que se aplicó en dos momentos: uno previo y otro posterior a la intervención. Los resultados mostraron mejoría en el desempeño lector por reducción de los errores presentes en la lectura, poniendo en evidencia la eficacia del Método como apoyo para la enseñanza de la lectura en los niños con bajo rendimiento lector, a través del fortalecimiento de las premisas del proceso lecto-escritor, tales como de conciencia fonética y fonológica, codificación simbólica y producción creativa de palabras orales.
Protecting the rights of an entrepreneur from abuse of their rights by consumers
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Chuklova E. V. , Evsikova T. S. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: July 2023

The object of the study is a set of legal relations arising between a consumer and an entrepreneur, within which the abuse of the right by a weaker party of such legal relations is possible. The subject of the study is the norms of civil legislation enshrining the rights of participants in legal relations in this sphere. In the context of protecting the right, the authors investigate the legal categories forming the basis of legal relations with the consumer’s participation. The ambiguity of the interpretation of civil legislation applied in practice determines the expediency of a deep comprehensive theoretical study of the ways of abuse of the right by consumers. The work indicates that, despite the fact that a consumer should not have special knowledge when purchasing a particular product or service some requirements for reasonableness and conscientiousness are still imposed on consumer behavior. The analysis of judicial practice allowed concluding that consumer’s unfair behavior can serve as a basis for refusing to protect his or her rights, which was repeatedly pointed out in court rulings. The authors identified six groups of ways of abuse of the right by a consumer and presented the ways to solve the problems caused by their spread. In particular, the authors propose to unify the legislation on the system of quality of products manufactured by entrepreneurs through the creation of a single document defining the parameters of its quality. The authors consider it necessary to bring Article 10 of the RF Civil Code in line with the current reality, as it has not been edited for more than ten years.
The organization of public authority within federal territory “Sirius”
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Aleksandrov I. A.
Published: July 2023

This paper considers some issues related to the amendments made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020, in particular, the introduction of the “federal territory” structure into the text of this act and the subsequent adoption of the Federal Law “On the Federal Territory “Sirius”. The importance of the study is caused by the novelty of the concerned category for domestic legislation, as well as the debatable and even inconsistent discussion of its various aspects in the scientific literature. The federal territory “Sirius” by the very fact of its existence creates the basis for further research in the field of interaction between the elements of the system of state and municipal government, the construction and functioning of public authority. The author analyzes some issues concerning the general characteristics of the “federal territory” concept, the status of the federal territory “Sirius”, the organization of the system of public authorities within this public legal entity. The study touches on the scientific discussion regarding the assessment of the federal territory legal nature: should it be understood as an independent territorial unit, which, along with the subjects of the Russian Federation, is a part of the state, or should it be considered as an integral part of the territory of a subject of the Russian Federation? Moreover, the author pays attention to the ambiguity in determining the place of public authorities of the federal territory (in relation to the federal territory “Sirius”) in the system of authorities in the Russian Federation as a whole. It is emphasized that it is early to say how successful the new form will be, moreover, during or following the results of the transition period provided for by the Federal Law “On the Federal Territory “Sirius”, significant adjustments to the status of this territorial entity are possible.
Intensification of teacher training within a professional retraining programme
Authors:   Tallinn University of Technology, Ruutmann T. , Khusainova G. R. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Galikhanov M. F. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: July 2023

There is a contradiction between the need to purposefully develop the teachers’ readiness for innovation in the course of their academic activity and insufficient attention to this problem when creating and implementing professional retraining programs for the teaching staff. There are a number of projects that bring together scientists in the field of organizing the training and retraining of teachers of engineering universities. One of them is the Erasmus+ project “Pedagogical training of engineering teachers (ENTER)”. The purpose of this study is to test the module “Enhancement of Learning Interactivity” as a part of the program “Innovative Pedagogy for Teachers of Engineering Universities” and to intensify student learning. When designing the module “Enhancement of Learning Interactivity”, we took into account the recommendations of the International Society for Engineering Pedagogy (IGIP), the experience of the Estonian Center for Engineering Pedagogy, which focuses on retraining teachers, as well as modern innovative teaching methods, such as: interactive lectures, group work, discussions, design portfolio, case study, etc. In the course of the experiment the researchers used teaching modeling methodology, pedagogical experiment, and participant observation. The results of the experiment have shown that the level of the final works of the respondents from the experimental group is higher compared to those from the control group: more teachers coped with the final tasks of the module and got better understanding of the teaching materials. The authors have come to the conclusion that the most effective organizational teaching forms are interactive lectures, group work, discussion; the recommended methods are portfolio design, case-study, peer-instruction, presentations, feedback, analysis of one’s own course, metacognitive strategies, pauses for reflection; the recommended visualization tools are mind-maps, concept maps of literature reviews, and thesaurus maps.
Heterogeneity of changes in executive cognitive functions in people with different alcohol use experiences
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Peshkovskaya A. G. ,   Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS
Published: July 2023

Executive functions are multidimensional cognitive processes, which are provided by prefrontal cortex of the brain and are involved in initiation and regulation of goal-oriented behavior. Current studies are showing that changes in executive functioning can be predictive for alcohol consumption, which, considering high social significance of unsafe alcohol use and dependence, determines the importance of the research on this issue. Results presented in this paper were obtained through validated methods for executive function assessment on a sample of 133 people with varied drinking experience, including 41 people with safe alcohol use and 92 with a diagnosed alcohol dependence. The study showed that people with alcohol dependence had significant changes in executive functions indicators, including those of cognitive control, cognitive flexibility, attention, and working memory, which were not observed in people with safe alcohol use. Changes in executive functions of people with alcohol dependence were found to be heterogeneous – 43.5 % of the surveyed with alcohol dependence had more pronounced impairments in attention with a fourfold increase in switching errors, which were also associated with higher impulsivity, non-adaptive emotional coping and a shorter remission. Results on the heterogeneity of executive functions in people with alcohol dependence expand the understanding of executive functioning and its dynamics in adulthood under the influence of various factors. Associations of pronounced attention impairments in alcohol dependence with impulsivity, emotional coping, and the duration of remission may advance psychological intervention including diagnostic and rehabilitation methods.
A conceptual model of strategic analysis of the resource potential of integrated business structures
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Berdnikova L. F.
Published: July 2023

Rapidly changing environment creates a need to develop models for the effective development of integrated business structures. Their successful functioning is the result of both optimal current management and rational use of resources in the future. The activities of such large-scale business units are subject to the influence of specific types of risks, factors of the external and internal environment. The author carried out the theoretical studies of the concept of an integrated business structure, analyzed the approaches to interpreting the resource potential of organizations in various fields of activity. Considerable attention is paid to substantiating the necessity to develop methodological tools for strategic analysis of the resource potential of integrated business structures. The study determined the relationship between the resource potential and the development strategy of integrated business structures. Such interrelation is based on a synergetic effect from the use of the aggregate elements of the resource potential of an integrated business structure for sustainable functioning in the long-term outlook and the achievement of strategic goals. As a result of the study, the author formed a definition of the resource potential of an integrated business structure through the prism of a synergetic effect from the use of unique corporate resources, opportunities, and reserves. The study identified exogenous and endogenous factors influencing the resource potential of integrated business structures and their strategic development. Exogenous factors are associated with changes in demand, inflation, unemployment, changes in financial and credit policy, and government support programs. Endogenous factors are formed within an integrated business structure and reflect its corporate strategy, organizational structure, industry affiliation, and investment attractiveness. The author proposes a conceptual model for the strategic analysis of the resource potential of integrated business structures, which takes into account the interests of various stakeholders and contributes to the achievement of strategic development.