bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The need for skills development among SMTEs in Mnquma Municipality, South Africa
Authors: Mxunyelwa Siyabonga
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of educational qualifications and skills development on the managerial competencies and performance of Small and Medium Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) in Mnquma Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The research design employed in this study is descriptive, and a total of 64 SMTE owners and managers were selected through purposive sampling. The data collection process involved the use of self-adminis­tered questionnaires, which included items on demographic information and insights into training and skills development initiatives. The findings of the study indicate that 51.7% of the respondents hold a diploma or degree, while only 8.6% possess postgraduate qualifications, suggesting the existence of a potential gap in advanced managerial skills. A significant majority of the respondents (77.6%) agree that training workshops, seminars, and conferences are beneficial for enhancing managerial competencies. However, the study also reveals that there are barriers preventing access to these opportunities, as indicated by 22.4% of respondents who were undecided or disagreed on their value. Overall, the study emphasises the importance of tailored training programs that address the specific needs of SMTE managers in rural areas. Enhanced skills development is crucial for enhancing the operational efficiency and sustainability of SMTEs, thereby contributing to broader economic growth. In conclusion, investing in skills development initiatives can significantly enhance the performance and sustainability of SMTEs in Mnquma Municipality, thus fostering economic growth and development in the region. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to support the small business sector in rural areas.
The Panama Low Level Jet: extension, annual cycle and modes of variation
Authors: Ordonez-Zuniga Silvio Andres , Correa-Ramirez Marco A , RIcaurte-Villota Constanza , Bastidas-Salamanca Martha
Published: July 2024

The Panama Low Level Jet (PLLJ) is the inter-isthmic jet closest to the equator, whose activation modifies circulation, sea surface temperature and climate in most of the Eastern Tropical Pacific off Colombia. Through the analysis of 26 years (1992-2018) of sea wind data, the extent of the jet and its main frequencies of variability were determined, in addition to its relationship with phenomena of climatic variability. The area of direct influence of the jet was estimated to be 59295.34 km², being located between 4.63° and 9ºN. The PLLJ is activated annually during the boreal summer (December-April) with intense intra-seasonal variability (with frequencies between 1 to 5 months) and inter annual perturbations associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation events. During warm ENSO events, the PLLJ activity last ~ 2 months more (from mid-November to the end of May) and its spatial extent increases southerly reaching ~ 2 ° N. Additionally, during warm ENSO years, there is an extemporaneous activation of PLLJ in the boreal summer, possibly linked to the intensification of the North Trade Winds over the Caribbean basin in the middle of the year and the increase in the north-south pressure gradient through the Panama isthmus during intense El Niño events. The entry of Caribbean winds in unusual seasons changes the climatology of the PLLJ and increasing its influence in the Eastern Tropical Pacific during the ENSO warm phases.
Age, growth, and maturity of little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Vieira Juliana M.S. , Costa Paulo A.S. , Braga Adriana C. , São-Clemente Ricardo R.B. , Ferreira Carlos E.L. , Silva Jodir P.
Published: July 2024

This is the first attempt to assess life parameters of little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus in the southwestern Atlantic. Fin spines, liver, and gonad information from 345 fishes (330-780 mm fork length) sampled from artisanal landings between March 2018, and February 2019 were used to analyze age, growth, and sexual maturity. Age was estimated by counting and measuring increments in sectioned spines, and the von Bertalanffy growth function was used to fit length-at-age data. There was no significant difference between male and female size distributions. Gonadosomatic index peaked from November to February in both sexes, associated with the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) upwelling in temperatures between 15-18°C. Reproduction in cold waters has never been reported before and is possibly related to a richer environment for feeding and growth of larvae. The coefficient of variation among successive readings was 9.2%. The oldest fish was 5 years, and one annual increment for 2 and 3-year-old fish was observed to form associated with SACW. Little tunny growing in southeastern Brazil shows a higher growth rate and smaller asymptotic length when compared to most stocks in Mediterranean waters. Growth was not significantly affected by sex, and the von Bertalanffy growth parameters for all fish were L∞ = 791.9 mm, k = 0.42, and t0 = -0.97 yr-1. Length at first maturity is attained by 1-year-old fish of either sex (423-492 mm), suggesting that a small proportion (8%) of juveniles was recorded from fishery landings.
The Aesthetic Constitution of Genders
Authors: Wiltsher Nicholas
Published: July 2024

This paper presses the programmatic idea that it is fruitful to think of genders as constituted by aesthetic rational social practices; in particular, that doing so can illuminate the relation between social role and self-identity. The first part of the paper describes rational social practices, and then interprets two social-role approaches to genders in light of that description. The interpretation places the two approaches in different domains of reason, one epistemic, one practical; this makes apparent the conceptual space for a model of gender roles inhabiting the aesthetic domain. The second part of the paper articulates such a model, according to which the feminine and masculine roles in a social context consist in aesthetic constraints, enablements and norms. These depend on rational, social, human-centred aesthetic practices in which gender differentiation is essential. The third part of the paper demonstrates the utility of this model by using it to explore the relation between social role and self-identity; it argues that one identifies with a gender by actively participating in the very aesthetic practices that constitute it, and so generating reasons for self-valuation. Throughout, the point is not so much to defend the specific details of the suggested views, but more to show that the idea that aesthetic practices play a significant role in constituting gender merits serious consideration.
An Intersectional Approach to Forming Meaningful Family Partnerships
Authors: Du Karina
Published: July 2024

Family partnerships are critical to supporting the learning and development of young children, including those with disabilities. However, systemic inequities create barriers for families to meaningfully engage in the special education process, especially for those from nondominant backgrounds. The family systems theory (FST) is a framework used to understand the dynamic nature of a family system by understanding an individual with a disability as interrelated to the rest of the family unit. The author offers a reconceptualization of the framework by embedding intersectionality within family inputs to honor families' multiple, overlapping identities. Funds of knowledge, culturally responsive teaching and reflective practice are offered as tools to strengthen understanding and responsiveness to children and families with intersectional identities.
Preparing a New Generation of Practitioners
Authors: Mitsch Maryssa Kucskar , Estanislao Prince , Arbit Hadas
Published: July 2024

Project Adversity and Resiliency Interventions for Social Emotional Development in Early Childhood (Project ARISE) is a preservice personnel preparation program training Early Childhood Special Educators and Social Workers to serve young children with disabilities with high intensity needs social emotional needs, specifically children with early childhood mental health (ECMH) needs in inclusive learning environments. Project ARISE seeks to address the state and nationwide shortage of high-quality ECSE and SW personnel whose diversity and identities are reflective of the communities in which they serve. The chapter discusses issues related to the rationale for the interdisciplinary program, a roadmap for the program, reflections and lessons learned, and considerations for others interested in developing similar programs in their communities.
Mathematics for Social Justice
Authors: del Rosario Zavala Maria , Ward Jennifer , Koestler Courtney , Bartell Tonya
Published: July 2024

Early childhood mathematics instruction is child-centered and play-based, supporting children to learn foundational mathematical concepts like counting, quantity, and pattern through hands-on experiences. Recent work in ethnic studies and social justice shows that young children are keenly aware of their own identities, empathic, and ready to take action in the world in age-appropriate ways. How might this research inform our understanding of mathematics instruction in early childhood inclusion spaces? Mathematics for social justice is a way to support identity development and mathematics learning, while challenging the medical models of mathematics that dominate special education discourses. In this chapter, the authors introduce principles for social justice mathematics for early childhood. They build on Learning for Justice's social justice standards and illustrate them through a classroom vignette. They conclude with advice to educators about engaging with social justice mathematics through attention to context, content, and the “who, when, and how” of social justice mathematics lessons.
They Who Learn Teach
Authors: LeNiles Kofi , Orlando Katherine
Published: July 2024

This chapter offers dynamic pedagogies, reflective activities, and strategies for early childhood educators who want to deepen their cultural competence. By being culturally aware and competent, early childhood educators can better serve the needs of their young learners (birth up to age 8) and help them reach their full potential. To truly revolutionize teaching and learning in early childhood settings, it is crucial for educators to engage in intentional, continuous, and inquiry-based professional development and learning. This chapter shares both theoretical concepts and practical activities to empower early childhood educators to enhance their professionalism beyond traditional professional development and learning activities.
A Comparative Study on J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and Peter Jackson's The Hobbit Trilogy
Authors: Kopan Zeynep , Balaban Yüksel
Published: July 2024

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien's fantasy novel for children, The Hobbit, has always been regarded as a canonical work of art by the literary critics. The journey through Middle-earth has flourished with this novel and paved the way for his other canonical trilogy, The Lord of Rings. The novel has also been adapted for the cinema by the director, Peter Jackson with a series of three fantasy films. Whereas Tolkien has actually written the novel for children, Jackson has filmed the trilogy for the adults. Right along with this different aim on the target audience between Tolkien and Jackson, there are also numerous differences and changes between the novel and the film series. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare J.R.R. Tolkien's novel, The Hobbit, or There and Back Again (1937) with Peter Jackson's film series, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012), The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014) in terms of the journey, the fellowship and the space based on Linda Hutcheon's adaptation theory.
Circular Economy
Authors: Rao Batani Raghavendra , Melangadi Manoj
Published: July 2024

Sustainability is the way forward. Circular economy is an apparatus to achieve sustainable development. It is both appropriate and desirable to take stock of circular economy. The chapter dwells on the ecosystem of circular economy which comprises companies, government, general public, and society at large. A strong ecosystem of multiple actors who collaborate and complement each other's role is the key for the realization of circular economy. The destructive and ravaging linear economy must be eliminated. The sustainable alternate is circular economy. Resource management strategy is the core of circular economy. Reduce, reuse, and recycle are the tenets of circular economy. The portfolio of restorative and regenerative resource management strategies are discussed. Flawless execution of the strategy is the key. The best and inclusive practices authenticate and endorse the execution and implementation of circular economy. The global and Indian practices of circular economy are deliberated.
Bridging Horizons
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Khan Irum
Published: July 2024

The objective of the research study was to explore the factors that affect the adoption of digital banking by self-help groups (SHGs). This study is based on a mixed-methods approach to identify the emerging trends and opportunities in the field of banking assistance for SHGs with the use of Google Trends Analysis (GTA). This study significantly contributes to the existing body of literature by critically examining well-established theoretical frameworks and foundations in this field. The knowledge gained from this study can encourage collaborative initiatives with various stakeholders within self-help groups (SHGs), potentially promoting financial stability and providing assistance to both the group's members and the larger community. The practical significance of this study lies in its potential application to digital banking systems designed specifically to offer SHG members a supportive environment.
A Panel Data Analysis of G7 Nations With Emphasis on ICT Service Export and Sustainable Development
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Neogi Debasis , Jaiswal Anand
Published: July 2024

This study explores the complex ties among ICT, foreign investment, and economic growth in the G7 nations. Using robust tests and regression analysis, it examines how these factors interplay and affect GDP swings. Surprisingly, FDI seems less impactful, hinting at other drivers for economic shifts. Notably, trade openness (ICT exports) inversely relates to GDP, suggesting a balance between international trade and local production. Moreover, GDP strongly correlates with reserves and sustainable development, underscoring their role in fostering growth. The research validates a random effects model, showcasing unobserved effects tied to the analysis. Overall, it offers vital insights into G7 economies from 1995 to 2019, emphasizing the need to consider multiple economic forces. Its implications are invaluable for discussions and policies shaping international trade and cooperation among these influential nations.
Virtual Globetrotting
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet
Published: July 2024

The tourist sector is being significantly transformed by the current trend of virtual globetrotting, which is driven by technological breakthroughs. This phenomena utilises state-of-the-art technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) to provide immersive and realistic experiences of famous and unique locations. The appeal of these duplicated sites, renowned for their cultural importance, has played a role in the enormous popularity of virtual tourism. In addition to being a kind of entertainment, virtual globetrotting also addresses concerns of accessibility by offering a practical alternative for persons with physical restrictions. The virtual experience is enhanced by high-quality graphics and immersive technologies, resulting in a seamless and compelling exploration of the universe.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Financial Inclusion
Authors: Chadha Aman , Gupta Akriti
Published: July 2024

Developing countries like India face very critical issues like illiteracy, poverty, financial inclusion, etc. in the path of development, and when the world is moving a step ahead towards sustainable development, these issues become a huge problem. One such big issue is financial inclusion, and eradicating such a problem needs a cohesive model that acts in synchronization with the underlying variables. Association of artificial intelligence and financial inclusion is an influential and effective strategy. However, neither of these elements can act alone, and there are several significant factors including CSR. Education and microfinance institutions will deepen and accelerate the influence of artificial intelligence on financial inclusion. These factors have individually been working to uplift society, but in synchronization, the impact is manifold. Therefore, the chapter proposes a coherent, sustainable, and effective model to address the problem of financial inclusion especially interacting with artificial intelligence.
Linking Financial Inclusion With Sustainable Development
Authors: Semwal Manisha , Sharma Megha , Dhyani Atul , Dangwal Ramesh Chandra
Published: July 2024

The core of financial inclusion is providing all people and companies with affordable official banking services. Financial inclusion guarantees that consumers and companies in the formal financial sector have the option of simple and low-cost financial services. The purpose of this chapter is to look at the relationship between financial prosperity and long-term development in developing nations. Financial inclusion, according to the findings, increases the degree of sustainable development and provides a solution to many social concerns in developing countries. Several examples and models are used in the study to highlight the relationship between financial inclusion and long-term growth. This work adds to the current body of knowledge of information by looking into the relationship between financial inclusion and sustained advancement in emerging nations.
From Assembly to Reassembly
Authors: Mahalakshmi S. , Nallasivam Anitha , Kumar Hemanth , Kautish Sandeep , Madan Sahana
Published: July 2024

In a world fraught with environmental concerns, the furniture sector contributes significantly to waste generation and pollution. Knowing this critical issue, IKEA, a global leader in furniture retail, has embraced circular economy concepts to design and produce furniture that promotes durability, simplicity of disassembly, and recyclability. This case study looks at IKEA's circular design strategy and how it has the potential to improve the environmental effect of the furniture sector. The concept of sustainability stresses meeting current needs without risking future generations' ability to meet their own. In this environment, the circular economy arises as a production and consumption model aimed at eliminating waste and pollution by extending the life of resources. This case study, in a transformative analysis of sustainable business practices, reveals IKEA's detailed techniques for building a more eco-conscious and circular approach to furniture and retail. This study, based on three fundamental principles—design for longevity, design for disassembly, and design for closed-loop recycling—delves into IKEA's commitment to creating furniture of lasting quality, engineering for easy disassembly, and actively utilizing recycled materials. What distinguishes IKEA is the breadth of its circular design approach, which includes the full product lifespan from conception to end-of-life management. IKEA's strategy, based on an in-depth analysis of customer behavior, ensures that its goods meet user preferences while also contributing to a circular economy. In addition to its dedication to circular design, IKEA has set lofty environmental targets, intending to create a circular business by 2030. This dedication is further proven by IKEA's significant investments in R&D, concentrating on breakthrough circular design solutions. Furthermore, IKEA aggressively interacts with suppliers and partners to integrate circular economy ideas across its supply chain, thereby multiplying the impact of its initiatives. IKEA's transition to a circular economy serves as an example for other businesses, showcasing the transformative power of circular design principles in tackling sustainability issues and building a more sustainable future for all.
A Comprehensive Exploration of Mathematical Models and Machine Learning Techniques for COVID-19
Authors: Arora Geeta , Lhamo Tashi , Singh Sarabjit
Published: July 2024

Mathematical modeling has proved to be useful in predicting the spread of infectious diseases and assessing the dynamical behavior of contagious diseases, including COVID-19. Various models aid in forecasting COVID-19 spread, such as SEIR (Susceptible – Exposed – Infected – Recovered), SIR (Susceptible – Infected – Recovered), SIRD (Susceptible – Infected – Recovered – Death), and SIRVD (Susceptible – Infected – Recovered – Vaccinated – Death). With recent technological advancements, forecasting of COVID-19 can also be done using machine learning techniques such as SVM (support vector machine), decision tree, random forest, and linear regression. This chapter delves into the various mathematical models and provides simulations using Python and machine learning techniques for COVID-19. These simulations provide essential insights into the spread of infectious diseases and evaluate which machine learning algorithm performs better using evaluation metrics.
Meta-Analysis in Medical Research
Authors: Rani Suman , Shetty Divya N.
Published: July 2024

An effective statistical methodology that has become essential to medical research is meta-analysis. This chapter explores the fundamentals, approaches, uses, and difficulties of meta-analysis, illuminating its function in combining data and producing strong conclusions from a variety of studies. Results are presented through the combination and analysis of data from various studies on related research topics, as done in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The topic explores some of how a comprehensive meta-analysis can be carried out and also explores how the findings can be presented and interpreted. As a quantitative and formal epidemiological study design, meta-analysis carefully assesses earlier research studies to make all-encompassing conclusions about the body of research as a whole. Thus, this chapter offers clinicians a simple introduction to conducting and comprehending meta-analyses.
Redefining Mathematics Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zreik Mohamad
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on mathematics education, including teaching, research, and administration. As AI reshapes life, it also transforms how mathematics is taught and learned. The chapter reviews how AI enhances instructional methods, offering personalized learning and interactive ways to understand complex mathematical concepts. It also discusses AI's role in mathematics research, particularly in solving complex problems, and its influence on the research field. Additionally, the chapter covers AI in administrative tasks, like curriculum design and policy-making, using data analytics. It addresses challenges, including ethical issues and the need for educators to adapt. The chapter concludes with future prospects for AI in mathematics education, advocating for a balanced approach that leverages AI's potential while upholding the core principles of mathematical learning and inquiry.
Equity and Inclusion in Mathematics Education in India
Authors: Jha Sanjeev Kumar
Published: July 2024

Mathematics education is essential for improving students' analytical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and cognitive growth. It poses several challenges for ensuring equity and inclusion for all, particularly in a multicultural nation like India. This chapter aims to examine the disparities in mathematics performance based on gender and social categories, utilising data from the National Achievement Survey. It explores the significance of equity and inclusion in mathematics education and offers strategies to support learners from diverse backgrounds. The chapter also explores pedagogical approaches aimed at fostering equity and inclusivity. The study's findings help educators, policymakers, and educational administrators to establish an equitable and inclusive mathematics education. It concludes equity and inclusion in mathematics education necessitate a comprehensive strategy that encompasses policy reforms, allocation of resources and infrastructure, teacher professional development, cultural sensitivity, and the establishment of inclusive learning environments.
Math Achievement
Authors: Uddin Emaj
Published: July 2024

Drawing from family investment models, this study examined parental monetary investment in essential math materials and math tutoring as mediators of the association between family income and math achievement during third grade. Data were collected from third graders (N=1150, Mage= 8.01 at baseline, 52.00% boys) and mothers in Bangladesh during third-grade entry through final exam. Results from SEM suggested that there were significantly positive and direct relations (r= .36, p< .05) between low-income, fewer monetary investments, and poor math outcomes during third grade, after accounting for child and maternal characteristics. When mediators were included in the model, the estimated significant pathways from low-income to poor math outcomes were decreased by 24%, but the associations were still significant. The results suggested that parental monetary investment in math tutoring and number word was more important than other materials in children's early primary math achievement. Future directions for research and policy implications are discussed.
Navigating the Digital Economy
Authors: Vetrivel S. C. , Sowmiya K. C. , Sabareeshwari V. , Arun V. P.
Published: July 2024

The advent of advanced technologies has led to a profound transformation in the way humans interact with computers, giving rise to the interdisciplinary field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). This chapter explores the multifaceted impact of HCI on the economy, examining its influence on productivity, employment dynamics, market trends, and societal structures. The study synthesizes a comprehensive analysis of the positive and negative implications of HCI, shedding light on its role as a driver of economic growth and a catalyst for socio-economic change. The positive aspects of HCI on the economy are first explored, focusing on increased productivity and efficiency resulting from user-friendly interfaces, intuitive design, and seamless interaction between humans and machines. The adoption of HCI principles has not only streamlined business processes but has also empowered individuals with digital literacy, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.
AI-Driven Entrepreneurship
Authors: Herath Siriyama Kanthi , Herath Laksitha Maheshi , McCoy Renee M.
Published: July 2024

This chapter aims to explore the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the creation, development and regeneration of entrepreneurial ideas. It investigates the concepts through which AI is becoming a fundamental game changer, shaping the business mindset as well as business approaches. Digitization has the impact of reducing human involvement to a minimum when performing tasks that have historically required significant amounts of human effort. Automation of the physical tasks, planning, control, and information flows processes increases the performance of supply chains and businesses are extensively using automated technologies in their operations.
Digital Twins in Healthcare
Authors: Jyothula Christina Joseph , C. Kishor Kumar Reddy , Sithole Thandiwe
Published: July 2024

Digital twin is the virtual representation of a physical system that processes information from its physical counterpart's environment, used to predict, simulate, and validate the physical system's future behaviour. Digital twin system, being an emergent technology, has seen implementations in a wide array of industries such as smart cities, engineering, etc. In healthcare, the digital twin technology shows great promise to improve various areas such as patient care, virtualization of hospital spaces, etc. There are concerns regarding patient data confidentiality, patient safety, accuracy and reliability, avoidance of bias, etc. These concerns can be combated only through thorough feedback from system experts, i.e., healthcare professionals. This chapter aims to provide valuable insights into the different needs of healthcare professionals while implementing digital twin systems in aiding diagnosis, treatment planning, patient monitoring, and collaboration among different specialty teams all while dealing with concerns regarding patient data security and sampling bias.
The Interplay of CTE Credit-Taking, Occupational Program Choice, and Full-Time Work Directly After High School
Authors: Aliaga Oscar A. , Kotamraju Pradeep
Published: July 2024

We examined the impact of secondary Career and Technical Education (CTE) credit-taking on students attaining full-time employment following graduation from high school in the United States, and whether such credit-taking impacted students entering employment in a related field. We focused on occupational programs, and we used four levels of CTE credit-taking (Aliaga, 2023). Similarly, we examined the impact of job-related school strategies on full-time employment and working in a related field. This study was conducted using data from the United States High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. We found that different levels of CTE credit-taking do predict working full-time after school, depending on the occupational program, and they also predict working in a related field.
Study on the Effects of Size-Shape Parameter Variation of Exothermic Riser Sleeves and Its Influence on Temperature Dependent Parameters
Authors: Sotomayor Oscar E. , Carpio Víctor A. , Díaz Carlos W.
Published: July 2024

Using exothermic sleeves allows to reduce the volume of the risers required in the casting of ferrous alloys, as well as the amount of metal used, and the costs involved. In this work, flat plates of nodular iron were casted and the effects of the shape and size of the risers were analyzed. For this purpose, risers with two configurations (with and without exothermic sleeves), three shapes (cylindrical, spherical, oval), and two relative sizes (100% volume and 60% volume) were considered. The mixture that would experience a thermite reaction with the highest temperature was defined. Experimental tests and computational simulations were performed, indicating that the spherical sleeves result in the lowest porosity in the risers and the pieces. It was also found that the risers with exothermic sleeves and 60% of the base volume used satisfy the feeding requirements and reduce the defects in the piece.
Enhancing Dispersion Ability and Bond Strength of Boron Nitride with Epoxy Resin by Ar+ Ion Beam in Reactive Oxygen Gas Environment
Authors: Jung Wooyoung , Lee Sanghoon , Lee Sangjun , Choi Minwoo , Lee Ho Seok , Koh Seok Keun
Published: July 2024

Boron Nitride (BN) filler was modified by an ion beam surface treatment to enhance dispersibility to polar solvent and bond strength with epoxy. Surface treatment of the fillers was conducted by Ion Assisted Reaction (IAR), in which Ar+ ion beam is irradiated on the filler surface with energy of 1keV, dose varied from 1x1014 ~ 5x1016 Ar+ ions/cm2 by using Cold Hollow Cathode type ion source and oxygen gas 5-10ml/sec. After the surface treatment, the BN powder were spontaneously dispersed into polar solvent in a visual observation which means the modified surface was changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and the powder were easily mixed with a viscous epoxy resin until 40wt% without thinner (a gelation phenomenon with easy blending into the epoxy resin), but the untreated powder exhibits difficulty in mixing with epoxy resin without the thinner. XPS analysis showed oxygen functional groups (B-ON, BN, etc.) were formed on the surface of BN. It was confirmed the surface modification has a high filling ability of the BN filler with binder and better adhesion with epoxy resin compared to the untreated BN filler.
Evaluation of the Influence of Brick Dust and Rice Husk Ash on the Mechanical and Physical Behavior of a Geopolymeric and Eco-Efficient Concrete with Partial Cement Replacements
Authors: Luis Sanchez Rosario Ronald , Eder Soto Noa , Lopez Pasapera Karla Lisette
Published: July 2024

The present research work addresses the issue of development of geopolymers as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement. For which, descriptions of the materials and instruments used for the necessary tests were made. Also, the experimental methodology for the design of geopolymeric concrete was presented, in which the production process of the precursor material and the activating agent is explained. The dosages and how the four types of mixtures to be tested are composed are shown: the standard concrete (CP) and three mixtures with different replacement variables (M1, M2 and M3). In order to study the behavior and influence of brick dust, a mixture was designed with different dosages to replace the cement with the precursor in 80%, 90% and 95% alkalized by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 12 M and rice husk ash (RHA) with a proportion of 75% - 25%, respectively. The results show that the master concrete cores presented average resistances of up to 26.52 MPa, while with a replacement of 80%, an average of 27.05 MPa was recorded, with 90% an average of 26.05 MPa and with 95%, resistances up to 22.84 MPa after 28 days of testing. These data indicate that geopolymeric concretes with partial replacement maintain acceptable physical and mechanical properties. The specific combination of replacing cement with brick dust and rice husk ash in the alkaline solution results in favorable concrete conditions. This study demonstrates the quantitative viability of using eco-efficient geopolymers with partial cement replacements, offering a more sustainable alternative in construction.
Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Melaleuca leucadendra Waste
Authors: Serang Yithro , Chen Chang Nan , Lee Meng Jen
Published: July 2024

In addressing the gap in sustainable utilization of industrial by-products and the limited exploration of natural antioxidants in nanoparticle synthesis, this study focused on synthesizing magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles using by-products from Melaleuca leucadendra essential oil extraction. The research aimed to evaluate the feasibility of manufactoruing metal nanoparticles with agricultural waste and assesing their properties. The study first tested the antioxidant properties of the water extract of Melaleuca leucadendra leaves, a manufacturing waste from the Melaleuca leucadendra essential oil extraction process, using DPPH and FRAP assays. Green synthesis methods was employed to produce the nanoparticles. The production and properties of the particles were characterize with UV-VIS . Our results indicated that the MgO nanoparticles exhibited antioxidant activity. This study suggests a viable, eco-friendly approach for the utilization of agricultural waste from the Melaleuca leucadendra essential oil extraction.
ZnO Deposited on Natural Rubber Films by Different Coating Methods
Authors: Suwantrakit Noottiyaporn , Sujaridworakun Pornapa , Boondamnoen Orathai
Published: July 2024

This study was focused on the incorporation of ZnO on natural rubber (NR) films using acrylic as a binder. Firstly, the dispersion of ZnO was prepared by dispersing ZnO into a mixture of acrylic emulsion and sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI). The concentrations of acrylic emulsion were observed at 0.1 % and 0.5 %w/v while the ratio of ZnO:SCI was fixed at 1:0.25. The result shows higher concentration of acrylic emulsion could provide higher dispersion stability compared to the lower concentration. Subsequently, NR films were coated with ZnO through two-pot and one-pot methods. It was found that the surface of NR film from two-pot method (2P_film) presented uneven distribution of the ZnO while plate structure of ZnO and acrylic were observed on films surfaces one-pot method (1P0.1_film and 1P0.5_film). The Zn content on 2P_film surfaces observed by EDS was found at 14 % while 1P0.1_film and 1P0.5_film contain at 28 % and 19 %, respectively, due to higher concentration acrylic emulsion results a greater polymer network anchoring on the ZnO. The reductions of antibacterial of 2P_film, 1P0.1_film and 1P0.5_film are similar results at over 99%. It reveals that the low content of ZnO could sufficiently achieve an excellent antibacterial performance. Nevertheless, the lower concentration of ZnO/Acrylic will be conducted in further study.
Factors Influencing the Adaptation to Fully Organic Vegetable Farming: A Farmer Perception Study in Polonnaruwa District,  Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesinghe A. G. K. , Mohammadh U. H. , Wijethunga Y. M. P. M.
Published: July 2024

In recent times, the Sri Lankan government's agricultural policy has shifted rapidly from inorganic to organic farming. As a result, organic farming has become a debatable and timely valuable topic in Sri Lanka. Organic farming is an agricultural farming method that applies environmentally friendly pest and weed control mechanisms and fertilizers derived primarily from animal and plant wastes, as well as nitrogen-fixing cover crops. This study focused on analysing how farmers’ general attitudes, behavioural beliefs, favourable attitudes toward fully organic farming, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control influence the adaptation to fully organic vegetable farming in Polonnaruwa district. A questionnaire survey was conducted by face-to-face interviews to gather primary data from a randomly selected sample of 300 farmers from the vegetable sector in the Polonnaruwa district. The data were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis through AMOS in the SPSS 24 version. The results revealed that the farmers’ perceptions of the adaptation to fully organic vegetable farming are significantly and negatively influenced by general attitudes, behavioural beliefs, favourable attitudes towards fully organic farming, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control among farmers in the Polonnaruwa district. Findings are important for policymakers and relevant organizations when implementing the agriculture policy in the country.
Nexus Among Management Practices and Workplace Injuries among Operational Level Employees in the Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Amarathunga P. A. B. H. , Kumarasinghe H. P. N. I. , Tennakoon W. D. N. S. M. , .Samarasingha K. A. R. D. G.
Published: July 2024

Safety factors have a significant impact on industrial success. Workplace injuries are characterized as the negative outcomes of poor safety management. The primary areas of management practice in a safe environment were recognized as training and supervision, employee engagement, communication and feedback, rewards system, and management commitment. The purpose of this research is to determine the association between managerial practices and workplace injuries. Different management practices were found using a literature synthesis to accomplish the study objectives, and there are twenty-two sub-factors within the five management practice categories; training and supervision, employee participation, communication and feedback, rewards system, and management commitment. The quantitative research technique, which included a survey strategy was applied. The survey data was analyzed using the correlation approach to determine the association between management practices and occupational injuries. A 5-point Likert scale was used and obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software's correlation analysis. The findings of the study revealed a link between managerial practices and occupational injuries in Sri Lanka's garment sector. Finally, plausible management methods for identified key components were offered to prevent occupational injuries in the industry.
The Impact of Occupational Health and Safety Practices on Employees' Performance of Operational Level Employees in Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Maduranga N. R. P. , Harshani M. D. R.
Published: July 2024

Garment manufacturers and suppliers have earned a worldwide reputation for producing high-quality garments and are trusted by global fashion brands. Apparel sectors in Sri Lanka follow strict occupational health and safety (OHS) standards. It is noted that unhealthy working practices, directly and indirectly, influence the employees' performance. A safe and healthy working environment for employees is a vital challenge the apparel industry faces, which is essential for job performance. The health and safety conditions related to the apparel sector are continuously becoming critical and complex. However, it is still questionable how occupational health and safety influence employee performance in the apparel sector. Convenience sampling was used to select respondents for the study. The researcher collected data from 363 operational-level employees in the apparel sector through a structured questionnaire. Convenience sample technique was used to select the respondents. SPSS 21 statistical package was used to analyze data. Simple linear regression and multiple linear regression analysis methods were used in data analysis to achieve the research objectives. In conclusion, the job performance of the operational-level employees in the apparel sector is intrinsically driven by occupational health and safety practices as employees consider their life safety. The researcher provided several practical and policy implications based on the study's results. Also, the study cleared the path for future research areas on OHS and job performance.
Analysis of Motor Cooling Lines of Electric Buses with 1D Models and
Verification with Experiments
Authors: Turan Azim , Yaki Emrah , Birgül Çağrı Emre , Kaya Hakan
Published: July 2024

Improving the overall thermal management strategy in electric vehicles can
directly or indirectly improve battery efficiency and vehicle range. The aim of
this study is to simulate and improve the performance of motor cooling lines
developed for an electric bus using 1D computational fluid dynamics models. In
the study, simulation studies were carried out for the 12-m EV Citivolt vehicle
of Anadolu Isuzu. Design parameters such as placement of flow lines and
component selection were decided thanks to 1D models developed. The design
obtained at the end of the study was supported by tests and experimental
studies. As a result, it was seen that the components in the line correctly
detected the flow rate and pressure losses with a maximum error rate of 8% and
an average error rate of 4.8%. Additionally, the components on the line were
added to the model via their own characteristic dp-Q curves. In this way, it has
been seen that these components, which contain complex flow lines, can be
represented with unique dp-Q curves.
Motives and consequences of musculoskeletal injuries management at traditional bone setting centers rather than hospital orthopedic departments in Khartoum, Sudan 2020
Authors: Hamad Hatim , Omer Dina , Abdelnabi Rana , Abdelgaleel Abrar
Published: July 2024

Background: Traditional bone setter (TBS) is a traditional practitioner of joint manipulation who lack proper training and formal education, therefore many complications and fracture morbidity has been reported in relation to TBS malpractice.
Material and methodos: The goal of this study was to determine the motives and subsequent complications of seeking TBS rather than orthopedic doctors even though patients should seek urgent proper medical care. Data of this study has been drawn from observational descriptive cross-sectional combined hospitals and community based, multicenter study in Sudan.
Results: (55.3%) of participants were at TBS centers and (44.7%) were at hospitals for a variety of reasons; (66.7%) of total participants have utilized TBS services as either 1st or 2nd intervention before or following hospital management and complications were reported in (22.3%) of total participants utilizing TBS services.
Conclusion: The number of patients seeking TBS centers exceeded the number of patients seeking hospitals for musculoskeletal injuries management. Finally there was no association between the educational level, socioeconomic status and the first action taken By patient toward their injuries.
Keywords: Traditional bone setter; complications; Orthopedics.
Nurses' knowledge and attitude towards palliative care in Northcentral Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Munye Aytenew Tigabu , Ejigu Netsanet , Kebede Melese , Amera Tekalign , Simegn Amare , Dires Tadila , Kefale Demewoz , Demis Solomon , Kassaw Gebrie , Bantie Berihun
Published: July 2024

Background: Due to limited development of palliative care practice in Africa, many patients have not yet received formal palliative care. However, there were limited studies conducted among nurses assessing their knowledge and attitude towards palliative care in Ethiopia.
Objective: The study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards palliative care.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a total of 402 were included in the study. A structured and pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the outcome variables. Finally, the association was declared using AOR at a 95% CI at p ≤0.05.
Results: Of the total respondents, 216 (55.81%) were women. This study finding revealed that 304 (78.55%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge, and 273 (70.54%) had unfavourable attitude towards palliative care. Educational level (AOR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.39, 4.89) and work experience (AOR=5.86, 95%CI:1.27, 26.92) were significantly associated with knowledge and attitude towards palliative care.
Conclusions: This study finding showed that educational level and years of work experience showed a significant association with nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards palliative care. The concerned bodies and stake holders shall work together to enhance the nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards palliative care.
Keywords: Knowledge; attitude; palliative care; nurses.
Effect of Innovation Process on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Ebonyi State
Authors: Ede Titus
Published: July 2024

The study evaluated the effect of innovation process on the performance of SMEs in Ebonyi State. The specific objectives include: ascertain the effect of value creation on the output and examine the effect of collaboration on the effectiveness. The area of the study was Abakiliki Metropolis. Two hundred and eighty three (283) business owners and employees were selected for the study. Descriptive survey design was used. The primary source of data was administration of questionnaire. Two hundred and fifty three (253) owners and employees returned their questionnaire and accurately filled. Data was analyzed by mean score and standard deviation. The hypotheses were analyzed using Z - test. The findings indicated that Value creation had significant positive effect on the output, Z (95, n = 253), 5.658 < 9.430 = p. < 0.05. Collaboration had significant positive effect on the effectiveness Z (95, n = 253), 6.648 < 9.352 = p. < 0.05. The study concluded that Value creation and collaboration had significant positive effect on the output and effectiveness of SMEs in Ebonyi State. The study recommended that the most value for customers, companies should focus on developing products that are innovative, high quality, and of interest to their target market.