bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in improving balance in poststroke patients
Authors: Li Yan-Fei
Published: April 2022

Stroke patients require rehabilitation programs to improve their functioning and quality of life. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is a widely used rehabilitation technique in clinical facilities. However, previous studies have not completely clarified its effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in improving balance and mobility in stroke patients through clinical research and literature review. Our findings show that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques effectively improve balance and mobility in stroke patients. However, there is little evidence supporting its superiority over the other rehabilitation methods.
Changes in Modified Mallampati Class in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Prone Position – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Gupta Bhavna , Chandra Prakash , Kumar Ajit
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Assessment and evaluation of changes in modified Mallampati class (MMC) in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the prone position.

Patients and Methods:

Seventy-one patients undergoing PCNL in prone position who satisfied inclusion criteria were studied and their MMC was assessed preoperatively. The MMC was assessed immediately after surgery and 6 h, 12 h and 24 h postoperatively. The number of attempts for successful intubation, duration of surgery, the quantity of intraoperative fluids and irrigation fluids used, and blood loss was recorded to identify any significant correlation with changes in MMC.

Results:

MMC changed in 17 patients (23.9%) with the grade increasing by one in all the patients. Among the 17 patients who showed a change in MMC, 8 patients returned to baseline within 6 h, 6 patients at 12 h and the remaining 3 patients at 24 h.

Conclusion:

MMC worsened by one grade in almost one-quarter of the patients undergoing PCNL in the prone position. This change in MMC had no clinically significant correlation with the number of attempts for successful intubation, duration of surgery, quantity of intraoperative fluids and irrigation fluids used, and blood loss.
Videolaryngoscope-Guided Awake Tracheal Intubation in a Patient with Invasive Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Causing Subglottic Airway Obstruction
Authors: Singh Ram , Baruah Madhusmita , Ratre Brajesh Kumar , Kumar Vinod
Published: April 2022

Head-and-neck tumours are associated with a difficult airway due to the involvement of airway structures and infiltration into surrounding tissues. In clinical practice, awake tracheal intubation (ATI) is mainly performed with a fibreoptic bronchoscope. Videolaryngoscope-guided ATI has been proven to be equally effective in terms of patient comfort, safety profile and success rate. It also takes lesser time as compared to fibreoptic bronchoscopy provided adequate airway topicalisation is done and sedation carefully titrated with a suitable sedative. Formulating a good plan with team members, psychological preparation of the patient and choosing the right technique facilitated successful ATI in our patient with an anticipated difficult airway.
Diagnostic value of bronchoscopy in sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients and its correlation with clinicoradiological features
Authors: Imtiaz Sadia , Batubara Enas Mansour
Published: April 2022

CONTEXT:

Tuberculosis (TB) remains endemic in Saudi Arabia. Little local data have been reported on bronchoscopic evaluation of sputum-negative pulmonary TB patients, which poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

AIMS:

To determine the diagnostic value of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and its correlation with clinical and radiological features in sputum-negative, culture-confirmed pulmonary TB patients.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with definite or probable pulmonary TB with overall negative (smear and/or polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) or scanty sputum that had undergone bronchoscopy with BAL over a period of 5 years. Patients’ symptoms, radiological features, lung lobe lavaged, BAL acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain, Mycobacterium TB (MTB)-PCR, and mycobacterial cultures were analyzed. Mycobacterial cultures (either sputum or BAL) were used as a reference standard.

RESULTS:

Out of 154 patients, 49 (32%) were overall sputum negative and underwent a diagnostic bronchoscopy. Dry cough and fever were the most common symptoms. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was the most frequent comorbidity identified in 15 (31%) patients. Fifty-nine percent of the patients had diffuse lung infiltrates, with consolidation being the most common abnormality (41%), followed by cavitation (39%). Right upper lobe was the most frequent lung lobe lavaged (31%), while transbronchial lung biopsies (TBLB) were obtained in 21 (43%). BAL mycobacterial culture and MTB PCR were positive in 35 (71%) and 23 (47%) patients, respectively. Combined BAL MTB PCR and TBLB provided rapid diagnosis in 28 (57%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

An overall diagnostic yield of 90% was achieved with combined use of BAL MTB PCR, culture, and histopathology. Upper lobe lavage and presence of cavities on chest imaging had a higher diagnostic yield.
Role of Matra basti in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Singh Sarvesh Kumar , Rajoria Kshipra , Sharma Sachin , Regar Ashok Kumar , Jangir Raj Kumar , Gupta Krishna
Published: April 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a disorder of reproductive women characterized by hyperandrogenism (elevated free testosterone levels and hirsutism), ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Here, a case of 29-year-old female was presented with complaints of irregular menstrual cycle, only twice during the last six months associated with severe pain in the lower abdomen and back. Acne on the face, facial hair growth, and increase in weight (from 42 kg to 53 kg) were also associated. The diagnosis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) was established through Ultrasonography (USG) and blood hormonal profile (prolactin, serum testosterone total, androstenedione value, complete blood count, thyroid profiles, luteinizing hormone, fasting insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle-stimulating hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, progesterone level, and estrogen level). Ayurvedic treatment was planned on the lines of management for Nastaartava (~ceases of menstrual fluid with ovary dysfunction). Matra basti (a form of unctuous enema) was administered in a dose of 75 ml of Phala ghrita regularly for 24 days starting from 6th day of menstruation cycle. The regimen was adopted for two consecutive cycles. Improvement in USG findings showing reduced endometrial thickness from (9 mm to 6 mm) and ovarian size (from 40 mm × 20 mm to 34 mm × 24 mm of right ovary and 39 mm × 18 mm to 36 mm × 22 mm of left ovary), and normal menstrual cycles were noticed after the treatment. The size of follicle also reduced from >12 mm to 3–7 mm in both ovaries. These findings suggest that Ayurvedic management and Matra basti procedures may be beneficial in case of PCOS.
Ayurvedic management of retinopathy combined with central serous macular edema
Authors: Pathiyil K. Nethradas , Cheruvillil Sumitha Prakash
Published: April 2022

Dealing with intemperate diabetes and hypertension, one of the main challenge to deal with is retinopathy. Early management and preventive treatments through Ayurveda can make a great impact as it helps in preventing vision loss. The major cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy is macular edema, which is the thickening of macula due to fluid accumulation. This will result in significant deterioration of vision and if untreated will result in permanent loss of vision. The pathophysiology of hypertension and diabetes can cause altered immune functions and vascular endothelial dysfunction. In Ayurveda, retinopathy can be considered as Timira (~errors of refraction/partial blindness). A 61-year-old male patient complaining of defective distant and near vision for one year sought Ayurvedic treatment. Clinical findings include Central Serous Macular Edema (CSME), Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) with maculopathy, and Grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy in both eyes. The selected treatment protocol includes Rakta sangrahi (~medicine that helps in blood coagulation), Stambhana (~procedure or action of drug causing arrest of secretion or control of bleeding), and Ama pachana (~the action of a drug or medicine which helps in digesting toxins in body), Sirovirechana (~medication through nose for cleansing or errhine), Talapotichil (~patching the scalp with herbal paste), Sirodhara (~pouring medicated oil over the scalp), Takradhara (~therapeutic butter milk-streaming over body), and Akshi tarpanam (~filling the eyes with medicated Ghee). Significant improvement in Visual Acuity (VA) and changes in CSME were observed at the end of the treatment. During follow-up period of three months, VA was further improved. The observations reveal that Ayurvedic management of the mixed retinopathy is significantly effective in reducing the subjective and objective symptoms and improve VA.
Ocular Disorders and Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Abed Thekra Abdulaali , Abd Basim A.
Published: April 2022

Sustenance of visual function is the ultimate focus of ophthalmologists. Failure of complete recovery of visual function and complications that follow conventional treatments have shifted search to a new form of therapy using stem cells. Stem cell progenitors play a major role in replenishing degenerated cells despite being present in low quantity and quiescence in our body. Unlike other tissues and cells, regeneration of new optic cells responsible for visual function is rarely observed. Understanding the transcription factors and genes responsible for optic cells development will assist scientists in formulating a strategy to activate and direct stem cells renewal and differentiation. We review the processes of human eye development and address the strategies that have been exploited in an effort to regain visual function in the preclinical and clinical state. The update of clinical findings of patients receiving stem cell treatment is also presented.
Assessment of Parents’ Awareness about Urinary Tract Infections in Children of Babylon Province
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Ola H. , Al-Salman Abdul R.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest infectious diseases in children. Early recognition and prompt treatment are vital aspects in its management to prevent complications. The major challenges for parents, clinicians, and health workers are related to the wide variation of disease presentation. So the parents must be fully informed about UTI in children.

Objective:

To assess parents’ awareness about UTI in their children and determine the main factors that may affect the degree of parents’ awareness. With the enhancement of parents’ awareness via correction of any wrong answers, resolving any question or confusion.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted from March 2021 until the end of June 2021 and included 300 parents of children aged 2–12 years, presented with symptoms suggestive of UTI visiting teaching hospitals, primary health care centers, and urological and pediatric private clinics in Babylon province. Parents were interviewed for about 10–15 minutes by using a predesigned questionnaire.

Results:

Mean age was 32.20 ± 8.81 years. Females comprised the majority of study participants (77.67%), whereas males comprised the remaining (22.33%). All of the fathers were married, as were 95.71% of mothers. Most fathers had university or higher education (55.22%), whereas most mothers had below-university education (57.08%). Most of the parents had medium income (85% of fathers and 83% of mothers). About two-third of them reside in urban areas (68% of fathers and 64% of mothers). Two children account for higher rank of children number (28%). Fever was the most frequent presenting symptom (65%). Overall parents’ awareness score was medium in 50% of participants and high in 49%. Similarly, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment scores were nearly equal between high (46.67%, 44.33%, and 44.67% respectively) and medium (45.67%, 45.67%, and 45.67% respectively), while prevention score was high in 52%, complication score was medium in 59%. Symptoms and diagnosis scores were significantly higher in residents of rural areas. Treatment and prevention scores were significantly higher in those with higher education. Complication score was significantly higher in those with higher children number, male, illiterate, and rural residents.

Conclusions:

Parents in Babylon province have an acceptable level of awareness about UTI in their children, with highly educated parents having more degree of awareness about UTI treatment and prevention than those with a lower level of education. Parents from rural areas have more information about UTI symptoms, diagnosis, and complications than those from urban areas, with important role of experience on the parents' awareness about UTI complications.
The Association between Hyponatremia and Recurrent Febrile Convulsion
Authors: Hameed Hadeel Rashid Abdul , Jabur Susan Kareem Kamel
Published: April 2022

Background:

Febrile seizures are a common pediatric problem, yet there is a great deal of disagreement about the appropriate diagnostic evaluation of a child with this disorder. Different predisposing factors have suggested enhancing the susceptibility to febrile seizure and its recurrence.

Objective:

To determine the effect of hyponatremia in recurrent febrile convulsions.

Materials and Methods:

A case-control study was carried out at Al-Zahraa teaching hospital in Al-Najaf city during the period between 1 January and the end of October 2021. One hundred fifty children in the age range between six months and six years old were studied. We classified the patients into three groups: Group (A) included 50 children who presented with fever without seizure; group (B) included 50 children who presented with simple febrile convulsion; and group (C) included 50 children who presented with recurrent febrile convulsions. Group A was considered as the control group. The serum level of sodium Na+ was estimated in these three groups by Na kits.

Results:

There was no significant difference between males and females, in all age groups. Also, it was shown that a family history of febrile convulsion represented 20%, 50%, and 50% in groups A, B, and C, respectively; a family history of recurrent febrile convulsion represented 4%, 4%, and 10%, in groups A, B, and C, respectively; and a family history of epilepsy represented 0%, 4%, and 0% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. A value of P in family history of febrile convulsion was 0.002, in family history of recurrent febrile convulsion was 0.345, and in family history of epilepsy was 0.132. Therefore, there was no significant difference in all parameters except a family history of febrile convulsion that was significant in all three groups. Also, the study will show no significant difference in age, white blood cell count, and random blood surge whereas there is a significant difference in temperature. A significant difference in serum sodium level was the lowest in group C. Regarding calcium level, there was a significant difference between groups A and B.

Conclusion:

There is a significant association between recurrent febrile convulsion and lower level of serum sodium, in which serum sodium concentration is lower in those patients with recurrent febrile convulsion.
Cognitive Deficits in Alcohol Dependence—A Case–control Analytical Study
Authors: Vijay Pooja , Khan Aslam , Sowmya A. V. , Chaudhury Suprakash , Chaudhari Bhushan , Saldanha Daniel
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Use and abuse of alcohol is well known. Its abuse, predominantly its dependence, can cause medical, psychological, and social issues. Excessive alcohol intake over time is linked to cognitive problems, including memory loss. Excessive alcohol use has been linked to significant cognitive deficits that can last even after the person stops drinking. Executive functioning impairments are most likely to impact rehabilitation outcomes in people with cognitive impairment.

Aim:

To study the cognitive impairments in alcohol dependence and comparing with healthy individuals.

Methods:

An observational, analytical case–control study was done on 30 alcohol-dependent patients after stabilization and 25 healthy individuals from July 2019 to July 2021 in a tertiary care center in Pune; all subjects after diagnosis were assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Stroop Test, and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST).

Results:

The mean score on MMSE of the case group was 28.60 and the controls—29.72. The mean score on FAB of the case group was 16.45 and the controls—17.4. The mean score on BIS of the case group was 16.45 and in control 17.4. Stroop Effect score of the case group was 187.16 seconds and in control it was 146.92 seconds, all being statically significant in comparison. On the WCST, all the findings were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Long-term alcohol consumption affects executive functions considerably. The current study showed significant cognitive deficits in individuals with alcohol dependence mainly in executive functions, working memory, and high impulsiveness.
Rapid Antigen Test for COVID-19
Authors: Chaudhary Anurag , Bansal Priya , Satija Mahesh , Gupta Vikram K.
Published: April 2022

Rapid antigen test has a very important value as one of tools to address the Covid pandemic. Though this test is not as accurate as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. As viral antigen appears before antibody formation in infected person. It is a specific marker of virus. Therefore, for detection of this highly infectious disease at an early stage, viral antigen testing can be a useful strategy in scenario of community transmission to prevent further spread. In India an advisory was issued by ICMR (on 14th June 2020) regarding usage of RAT for quick detection of COVID-19 positive patients. During second wave, Rapid antigen testing was advised only in symptomatic individuals and immediate contacts of laboratory confirmed positive cases. Though no test is perfect when it comes to the attributes of accuracy, accessibility, affordability, and timeliness of results. However, Rapid antigen test can be used as a useful test in public health that can benefit the larger population in breaking the chain of transmission if used wisely in different settings and according to the timeline of symptoms.
Factors Effective on Recurrence and Metastasis in Phyllodes Tumors
Authors: Altiok M , Kurt F
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim:

Phyllodes tumors (PT) are rare biphasic breast tumors containing stromal mesenchyme and epithelial components. It was classified as benign, borderline, and malignant by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although there is no certainty about the size of the desired margin in the surgery to be applied, a tumor-free area of 1 cm is often targeted. Our study aimed to determine the subtype rates in patients with PT and evaluate the surgical margin, recurrence, and survival times obtained after the surgery.

Patients and Methods:

This study was conducted at Seyhan Goverment Hospital and involved the PT patients treated between January 2010 and June 2020. We analyzed PT patients retrospectively. Sixty-one patients with PT were analyzed. In the patient, demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), surgical procedures, tumor type, size, mitosis rate, and distance of tumor to surgical margin were evaluated. During follow-up, reoperation, recurrence, metastasis, survival times, and mortality rates were evaluated.

Results:

Sixty-one phyllodes breast tumor patients whose histopathology was reported as malignant, borderline, and benign were evaluated and presented in our study. The mean age was 37.84 (15–100), and the BMI was 25.78 (±5.35) mm. Of the 61 patients, 41 (67.2%) were diagnosed with benign phyllodes tumor (BPT), 10 (16.4%) as borderline phyllodes tumor (BLPT), and 10 (16.4%) as malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT).

Conclusions:

Preoperative diagnosis of PT can reduce the rate of secondary surgical procedures and the loss of extra breast tissue. A large diameter needle and sufficient number of tissue samples for preoperative core biopsy may increase the rate of accurate diagnosis.
Shoulder Tip Pain After Cesarean Section
Authors: Şimşek F , Kara U , İnce ME , Sir E , Eksert S , Ozkan G , Şenkal S
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim:

Shoulder tip pain is a common but overlooked complication during the postoperative cesarean section. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the anesthesia method and the incidence of shoulder tip pain.

Patients and Methods:

In this randomized clinical study, 117 patients who underwent cesarean section were divided into two groups as spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia. The demographic characteristics, the presence, the severity of shoulder tip pain, and also analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours were compared.

Results:

The incidence of shoulder tip pain was significantly higher in the spinal anesthesia group than in the general anesthesia group (p = 0.032). While there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the number of patients who needed opioid treatment within the first 24 hours between patients with and without STP, a statistically significant difference was observed in terms of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

This study shows that the frequency and severity of shoulder pain are higher in women who have had cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, compared to those who had received general anesthesia.
Whole-body CT Indications in Emergency Medicine Trauma Patients
Authors: Özçete E , Uz İ , Arslan B , Yalçınlı S , Altuncı YA
Published: April 2022

Background:

Whole-body computerized tomography (CT) scan designed as early diagnosis of traumatic injuries and prevention of unnoticeable injuries. Using Whole-body CT in trauma patients still controversial, there is no consensus on indications.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to clarify indications and cut-off levels in vital parameters in trauma patients who undergo Whole-body CT to prevent unnecessary or negative scans.

Patients and Methods:

We evaluated patients with trauma who applied our emergency service between 01.09.2019 and 30.09.2020. Patients above 18 years old with Whole-body CT scan included. Whole-body CT reports were evaluated according to five categories; cranial-face, vertebra, thorax, abdomen, pelvis-bone.

Results:

The review of whole-body CT reports, 46.3% detected normally. But, 53.7% of patients had injuries at least one zone, 23.3% at least two zones, and 7.4% at least three zones respectively. Prediction criteria of Whole-body CT for the patients with two or three zones injury, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤100 mm Hg, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) <15, and free fluid in Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) were independent variables in regression analysis. When patients had at least one of three variables, the negative predictive value of whole-body CT was 96% for three zones and 91% for two zones.

Conclusion:

The cut-off values of GCS <15 and SBP ≤100 mm Hg were useful vital parameters in making whole-body CT decisions in trauma patients in the emergency service. Also, free fluid detection in FAST can be used for whole-body CT decisions.
A Study of Spectrum of Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia in a Teaching Institute of South India
Authors: Sabitha Rani SS , Vamshidhar IS , Bangaru S , John NA , John J
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim:

Sickle cell syndrome is a group of inherited hematological disorders with varying degrees of anemia, jaundice, fatiguability along with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The clinical presentations can be may vary and therefore require thorough investigations. We tried to evaluate the spectrum of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia in pediatric patients of our hospital.

Patients and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, A total of n = 200 consecutive cases were detected during the period of study. A thorough history and detailed clinical examination were done. Hb electrophoresis was done in the present study using HYDRASYS ® Electrophoresis Systems from Sebia.

Results:

The overall prevalence of SCD in our study was 6.83% the existence of this is found to be greater in the males as compared to females which is in agreement with prevalence across India with more male than female. Thalassemia was prevalent at the rate of 3.96%, sickle cell anemia had a prevalence of 1.98% sickle thalassemia was 0.89%. N = 20 pairs of Parents recognized genetic counseling i.e., with a single child or who wanted further children readily underwent HPLC analysis.

Conclusion:

The existence of SCD in our study group is lesser as compared to the South India average. Preventive programs consisting of public education, population screening, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis have been very effective in reducing both rates of β-Thalassemia major. Sickle cell anemia is of prime importance because of its high prevalence, morbimortality and the absence of curative treatments.
Blood Pressure Profile, Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Familial Factors in School Children in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Afaa T J , Seneadza NAH , Ameyaw E , Rodrigues OP
Published: April 2022

Background:

Essential hypertension, which is hypertension without a known cause, runs in families. Children from families with hypertension are likely to have a higher blood pressure than children from normotensive families.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of hypertension and the associated family risk factors for hypertension in the school children.

Patients and Methods:

This prevalence study was conducted in six first-cycle schools in Accra, Ghana. School children between the ages of five to fourteen years were recruited into the study. A questionnaire, which gathered information on demographic data, family history, and risk factors associated with childhood hypertension and the child's clinical data, was used. An average of three blood pressure readings with an automated sphygmomanometer and height measurement was taken for each child. Blood pressure was categorized as normal, pre-hypertension, and hypertension using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference charts.

Results:

A total of 600 school children comprising 358 (59.7%) females and 242 (40.3%) males were studied. Fifty-one (8.5%) school children had elevated blood pressure. Of these, 15 (2.5%) had hypertension, while 36 (6.0%) had pre-hypertension. Two hundred and thirty-eight participants had a family history of risk factors for hypertension. Twenty-five (10.5%) children with risk factors (family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, stroke) had elevated blood pressure (BP) compared to 7.2% of those without risk factors.

Conclusion:

Urgent positive lifestyle transformations, which should start from school to reduce the incidence of hypertension in children.
Effect of Spinal Anesthesia on QT Interval
Authors: Adedapo AM , Bolaji BO , Adegboye MB , Kolo PM , Ogunmodede JA , Suleiman ZA , Adedapo OO , Jimoh OS
Published: April 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the effect of spinal anesthesia on QT interval in severe pre-eclamptic and normotensive parturients who underwent cesarean section in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Patients and Methods:

Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained before, and at intervals after spinal anaesthesia on fifty severe pre-eclamptic (Group A) and fifty normotensive parturients (Group B) who underwent caesarean section. The effect of spinal anaesthesia on QT interval was compared.

Results:

The preoperative (baseline) mean QT interval was longer in group A than in group B; 453.10 ± 34.11 ms versus 399 ± 18.79 ms, P < 0.001. The prevalence of prolonged QT interval in the severe pre-eclamptic group before spinal anesthesia was 80% while in the normotensive group it was 0%, P < 0.001. At 5, 30, 60, and 120 min after the establishment of spinal anesthesia, the mean QT interval in the severe pre-eclamptic group was shortened and maintained within normal limits; 414.74 ± 28.05, 418.28 ± 30.95, 411.18 ± 19.21 and 401.36 ± 17.52 ms with P < 0.001 throughout. In the normotensive group, there was no significant change in the mean QT interval.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated that the QT interval was more prolonged among the severe pre-eclamptic parturients. Spinal anesthesia using 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine normalized the QT interval and maintained it within normal limits during the study period.
Our Surgical Experience in Traumatic and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Başol Ö , Bilge H
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim:

Diaphragmatic hernias can develop congenitally or secondary to trauma. Congenital diaphragmatic hernias occur with Bochdalek hernia and Morgagni hernia (MH). In this study, we aimed to present laparoscopic and open surgical treatment for traumatic and congenital diaphragmatic hernias, and complications and length of hospital stay in the light of the literature.

Patients and Methods:

Twenty-two patients who were diagnosed with diaphragmatic hernia between January 2013 and January 2020 in our clinic were examined retrospectively in terms of demographic features, clinical and radiological findings, and length of hospital stay.

Results:

The complaints of the patients diagnosed with diaphragmatic hernia were often abdominal pain, shortness of breath, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention. The mean age of the patients was 54 (19–88) years. Sixteen patients were females and six were males. Two patients were operated due to stab injury, six patients were operated due to ileus, and the remaining fourteen patients were operated due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Eight patients were operated under emergency conditions. The remaining patients were operated under elective conditions. The average hospital stay was 6(3-15) days. The length of hospital stay of those who underwent laparoscopic surgery was 4 (3–5) days. No patient had an exitus. All patients were discharged with healing. This rare pathology should be remembered especially in patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints accompanied by respiratory complaints.

Conclusion:

We think that cases with MH detected incidentally should be operated laparoscopically before becoming complicated.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of extended-spectrum-beta lactamases-producing Escherichia coli isolated from pregnant women and their new born
Authors: Titsamp Lacmago Carol Suzie , Ngamli Fewou Simon
Published: April 2022

The incidence of healthy pregnant women carrying CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and their transmission to neonates is increasing worldwide. ESBL-E coli and especially the carriage of CTX-M-type causes early or late onset of neonatal sepsis, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Although maternal carriage and maternal-neonatal transmissions of ESBL-E have been reported in several countries, the prevalence of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli in pregnant women and its transmission to newborns at birth in Cameroon has not been reported yet. We describe here the carriage of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli pregnant women in neonatal ward of the Yaoundé gyneco-obstetric and pediatric hospital and their transmission to newborns. Among the 102 pregnant women and their newborns present in the ward, 88 (86.3%) and 75 (73.5%) E. coli strains were detected in rectal colonization, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of E. coli isolated from the mothers indicated a higher resistance rate to antibiotics of the β-lactams and sulfamide families, while the resistances to other antibiotic families (aminosides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones) were low. Comparatively, only cefotaxime (100%) showed a higher resistance rate to E. coli isolated from newborns. This may suggest a different source of contamination between mothers and newborns. Moreover, the rate of carriage of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli in pregnant mother and their newborns were 30.7 % and 14.7 %, respectively. This suggests that newborns had other colonization sources than the mothers. Indeed, multiple regression analysis indicated that newborns were exposed to CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli from mothers and that from the hospital environment (eg. caregivers). Overall, the current investigation may provide insight on establishing an efficient therapeutic strategy against materno-neonatal and nosocomial transmission of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli.
Ecological characterization of interspecific relationships between human parasites: conflict, cooperation or independence?
Authors: Bilong Bilong Charles Félix , Oyono Martin Gael , Fosso Samuel , Lehman Léopold Gustave
Published: April 2022

During multiparasitism, the interspecific association among parasite species occur at the single host, population and community levels. Their detection and understanding are crucial to prevent and manage infectious diseases. In order to find out potential interspecific interactions among parasite species at a host population level, a cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2017 to July 2018 on schoolchildren aged from 4 to 15 years old; primary schools were randomly selected in the Nyong-et-Mfoumou Division. Stool samples and blood smears were analysed to detect parasitic forms of protozoa and helminths. Parasite interspecific associations were explored by ecological indices of association: Dice (D), Forbes (F) and tetrachoric coefficient (φ). The parasitological analysis revealed the presence of 13 parasite species belonging to 11 families, 9 orders, 7 classes and 5 phyla. A cooperation or positive association was found between E. coli and E. histolytica/dispar, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, E. coli and P. falciparum, E. histolytica/dispar and P. falciparum, E. coli and A. lumbricoides, and E. coli and T. trichiura. They co-occurred together more frequently than expected by chance. The conflict or negative association was noticed between G. intestinalis and both A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, and between A. lumbricoides and P. falciparum. The independence was found between G. intestinalis and both E. histolytica/dispar and E. coli, and between M. perstans and En. nana, G. intestinalis, E. coli and E. histolytica/dispar. Further studies are needed to identify the real interaction mechanisms between parasite species and to evaluate the consequences of multiparasitism for both parasite species and the host.
Covid-19 and orthodox healthcare facilities and professionals in Lagos State, Nigeria: Challenges and lessons for the future
Authors: Owolabi Ayeni Amidu , Gbenga Aborisade Adeshina
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus is a viral infection that has spread across the globe at an alarming rate. The cases were worsened by the limited epidemiological knowledge about the disease and initial lack of vaccination. This research assessed the scourge of COVID-19 in the context of Nigeria’s orthodox healthcare facilities and professionals, the challenges and lessons for the future using the International-Health-Regulations (IHR) Preparedness-framework. The assessment involved gauging the performance of selected indexes namely detect, report, respond, enabling-function, and operational-readiness of Lagos-State healthcare facilities. The IHR for State Party self-assessment annual reporting (IHR-SPAR) tool was adapted into a questionnaire via Google-form and the link generated was shared on the WhatsApp-platform of the healthcare-workers of randomly selected healthcare facilities in the three Senatorial-Districts of the State. 210 respondents were targeted for COVID-19 related information but only 157 responded. The data obtained were processed using Arithmetic-mean as suggested by the adopted methodology.  Findings showed that Lagos-State has a level-3 capacity across the five-indexes which include detect-capacity (41.94%), report-capacity (45.41%), respond-capacity (45.77%), enabling-function (45.99%) and operational-readiness (44.78%). Findings also revealed that some of the challenges encountered in managing COVID-19 are perennial, thus, the research recommends that decision making during emergencies should be based on important demographics and that specific indicators require revamping to bring the needed improvement to the sector.
Assessment of Quality of Household Solid Waste Collection by Private Service Providers in Bujumbura City
Authors: Akimana Blandine , Letema Sammy
Published: April 2022

Public provision of municipal solid waste collection services in developing countries is characterised by poor service delivery. This paper examines if privatisation has led to better quality of households’ waste collection services in Bujumbura city, Burundi. The paper is based on 308 questionnaire survey of Bujumbura households’ living in high, middle and low class residential facilities served by private service providers; coupled with interviews and document analysis. The quality of service is based on nine service quality indicators. About 28.8% of registered households for waste collection paid and serviced by private service providers. Waste collection is varied and mostly every two weeks, yet license stipulates once per week; whereas charges are varied and higher than the set rates. Ordinal probit regression analysis shows that out of 9 service quality indicators, 6 are significant at household level and 5 on the residential class. Households’ living in high class residential expresses greater satisfaction with quality of service than those who live in middle and low class residential. The paper recommends regular monitoring and supervision of solid waste collection by private service providers for quality services delivery to households in Bujumbura city.
Grammar learning strategies of non-English majors at Thu Dau Mot University
Authors: Ha Nguyen Dinh Nhu , Trang Le Thuy
Published: April 2022

This study attempts to explore the extent to which Grammar Learning Strategies (GLSs) are used by first-year non-English majors at Thu Dau Mot University (TDMU). A total of one hundred and thirty first-year students participated in answering the questionnaire and five students responded to the semi-structured interview questions. The quantitative data were processed using SPSS software, while the qualitative data were analyzed by applying the content analysis. The results revealed that all the GLSs were used at a medium level. Affective strategies were the most frequently selected while metacognitive strategies were the least employed by the students. The data from the semi-structured interview were coded and analyzed to make the findings clearer Basing upon the findings, the study also made some recommendations for teachers, students, and administrators.
International accreditation impacts on teaching and learning: Case of Vietnam non-public universities
Authors: Do Nguyen Giang , Hien Dao Thi Thu , Huong Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: April 2022

The study examined the relationship between international education accreditation and teaching and learning improvement in four non-public Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Vietnam. With a qualitative multiple case approach, the study conducted in-depth interviews with 28 lecturers to collect data and then confirm the research model proposed. The study results showed that international accreditation has a positive impact on improving the learning and teaching activities in accredited programs of non-public universities, despite its burdensome, time and effort-consuming lecturers. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of accreditation by providing empirical evidence on the relationships between accreditation and teaching and learning and lecturer engagement. This study also provides valuable implications regarding quality assurance for researchers, university managers, policymakers, and lecturers.
Graduate employability in double challenge of post-covid labor market and digital transformation: The role of graduate’s capitals, 4.0 skills, attributes and perceived labor market
Authors: Hien Huynh Thi Ngoc , Khanh Nguyen Pham Gia
Published: April 2022

The economy is experiencing double disruption with the emergence of Covid-19 and businesses’ urgent demand for digital transformation. These create challenges for new graduate students in equipping themselves with the necessary capitals, skills, attributes, and psychological preparedness to deal with the current situation’s instability and meet the criteria of recruiters. Therefore, this paper is one of the first attempts to validate the importance of all the above-mentioned determinants on graduate employability in a relatively comprehensive framework and provide fresh evidence to Today world’s employability taking 4.0 skills and psychological capital into account. The study firstly aims at exploring the role of various types of graduates’ capitals, a set of 4.0 skills, individual attributes, and Today world’s perceived labor market on graduates’ perceived employability. Then the paper also investigates whether perceived employability and currently perceived labor market matter for actual employability. By employing PLS-SEM to analyze the primary data collected from the sample of 350 recent graduates in Ho Chi Minh city, the study finds that human capital, individual behaviors and attributes, social capital, and 4.0 skills all have a favorable impact on perceived employability. Besides, the substantial effects of perceived employability and today world’s labor market perception on graduate actual employability have also been found. The paper also provides some implications for students and managerial level of universities/institutions on how to improve graduates’ employability in Today world’s labor market.
A review of Asiacall International Conference 2012
Authors: Huong Le Ho
Published: April 2022

Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) involves the use of technology in support of teaching and learning. It aims at improving learning process and learning outcomes. Computer applications for language classrooms abound. CALL activities may range from the practice of general skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing) to material design or modes of instruction… These provide learners with learning options and bring more life and fun to a language class. The use of computers has become more popular both in and out of the class. And CALL continues to grow at a rapid rate in many directions.
Health Course Lecturers Managing Online Teaching in a Historically Disadvantaged University in South Africa: The Raging Waves
Authors: Mudau Tshimangadzo Selina , Tshivhase Livhuwani , Randa Moreoagae Bertha
Published: April 2022

The emergence of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) required the sudden closing of educational institutions to save lives. Universities had to adopt and adapt to new teaching strategies to ensure that no learner was left behind. The purpose of this study is to describe the challenges experienced by university lecturers teaching health courses in adopting online teaching strategies. The objective of the study is to explore challenges experienced by university health course lecturers in a university from South Africa in managing online teaching platforms and the strategies employed by them to enhance online teaching. The study adopted a qualitative interpretative phenomenological approach engaging six purposefully sampled lecturers teaching health courses in a historically disadvantaged university in South Africa. Data were obtained through online methods such as blackboard meetings, in addition to face-to-face and telephone interviews. Preliminary findings revealed both positive and negative experiences in offering health courses online. Positive experiences included flexible time management, fuel-saving, and multi-tasking. Negative experiences included challenges such as lack of experience in designing online content, lack of knowledge to create a conducive teaching environment, students’ incapacity to engage in learning tools, poor lecturer-student interaction, and difficulty integrating theory into practice. So far, it has been concluded that a sudden shift to online teaching needs to consider the skill-level of lecturers, learners, and the courses offered. A one size fits all approach may not be an option.
A Changing World and a Changing Teaching Practice Model for Zimbabwe in a Post Covid-19 Context
Authors: Konyana Shoorai , Motalenyane Modise Alfred
Published: April 2022

The advent of Covid-19 in March 2020 and its declaration by WHO as a global pandemic led to a closure of schools which, in turn, affected the Teaching Practice (TP) component of the 3-3-3 teacher education model. This research sets out to establish alternative TP models when face to face interaction is impossible. In doing so, the study analyses Zimbabwean teacher education TP policy with regard to how it might remain relevant in the post Covid-19 context without compromising its quality. The study was carried out at a teachers’ college in the Midlands Province. It utilises online focus group discussion, interviews, and document analysis to generate data. Through the lens of content and discourse analysis, the study unpacks the professional arguments presented by college lecturers who forged onwards and redirected teacher education in the post Covid-19 context. It emerges that a TP model which accommodates supervision and assessment based on video recorded lessons is a good alternative to traditional face to face supervision. College lecturers certainly regard the TP component of teacher education as crucial and, therefore, not simply to be left in the hands of school-based supervisors. Furthermore, online supervision and assessment is possible regardless of internet access challenges. The study recommends that colleges utilise both traditional and online based supervision where applicable. Student teachers are encouraged to video record lessons during the periods they have learners, so that the video recorded lessons could be used for their supervision and assessment when learners are unavailable. Further studies could consider the feasibility of a larger scale online TP supervision model.
Peri-Lead Edema After Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson Disease: A Management Challenge
Authors: Antunes Cunha Inês , Carvalho Inês , Silva Cristiana , Monteiro Pedro , Pereira Ricardo , Moreira Fradique
Published: April 2022

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Peri-lead edema (PLE) is a poorly understood complication of DBS. We hereby report three cases of unilateral PLE after bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS and discuss its diagnosis and management.
Patient 1 reported a new-onset headache one month after his surgical procedure. Antibiotic treatment was administered. His complaint resolved two days later. Patient 2 presented in an acute confusional state on the seventh post-operative day. He was treated with corticosteroid. Within a few days clear clinical improvement was seen. Patient 3 developed PLE 56 hours postoperatively. He remained asymptomatic and the edema improved completely without any treatment. Two patients showed an abrupt change in impedance evaluation.
PLE is an underestimated complication of DBS. It is clinically heterogeneous and its management is still lacking. Impedance evaluation can help in its early recognition, avoiding unnecessary medical or surgical procedures.