bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Anti-Microbial-Effect to Enterococcus Faecalis by Hypochlorous Acid Water
Authors: Yamada Yoshishige
Published: July 2021

Periapical periodontitis is a major disease, and difficult to achieve successful treatment in some cases. Therefore, root canal irrigation is one of the most important processes to successful endodontic treatment. Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution is the most commonly used root canal irrigate. However using NaOCl solution on endodontic treatment should be considered its problems such as allergy, serious tissue damage when inadvertently injected into the maxillary sinus or oral mucosa. Therefore, another root canal irrigant that is safe and has a high antimicrobial effect is desirable. In this study, Hypochlorous Acid (HClO) water was used to evaluate the microbicidal efficacy of the Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and considered the possibility to be a future root canal irrigant candidate. Original (200ppm), 10% diluted (20ppm), 25% diluted (50ppm) and 50% diluted (100ppm) HClO water were used in this study. Each experimental solution was mixed with low concentrations (5×107 CFU/ml) or high concentration (5×109 CFU/ml) of E. faecalis at 30 seconds, 1minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes respectively. Then they were placed onto BHI agar plates and incubated for 48 h at 37 ºC, followed by counting the number of Colony formation. The results showed that in the condition of 5×107 CFU/ml E.faecalis, no colony formation was shown within 30 seconds by 50 % diluted HClO water. Whereas only original water was attained to inhibit colony formation completely within 30 seconds under the density of 5×109 CFU/ml E, faecalis. In conclusion, 200ppm HClO water has a capacity to anti-microbiological effect against E.faecalis same as NaOCl solution. Keywords: root canal irrigant, hypochlorous acid (HClO) water, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis)
Evaluación de las metodologías para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del área de matemáticas en primer grado de primaria
Authors: Tipáz Velásquez José Oscar
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo presenta los principales resultados de investigación de tesis de maestría, evaluación de las metodologías para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del área de matemáticas en primer grado primaria para determinar su incidencia en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en la Escuela Oficial Urbana Mixta “Miguel Ángel Alvarado López” del municipio de Santa Cruz del Quiché, departamento de Quiché. La metodología que se utilizó es descriptiva. Los resultados obtenidos de los instrumentos de investigación demuestran que existe bajo rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de primer grado primaria y que es necesario realizar actividades de actualización y capacitación en metodología para la enseñanza de las matemáticas, principalmente utilizar como base la guía metodología del docente de la serie guatematicas de primero primaria.  Por lo antes expuesto se hace necesario hacer una reflexión sobre la forma en que se desarrollan los contenidos de matemáticas en primer grado primaria ya que primer grado es el cimiento y clave del éxito escolar en los diferentes niveles educativos. De tal forma es necesario capacitar y actualizar a los docentes de primer grado para que puedan contar con un perfil adecuado para la iniciación a las matemáticas y que el aprendizaje sea atractivo y dinámico para los estudiantes.
Conflict-Free Conflict Resolution Process and Method
Authors: Danesh Roshan , Danesh Hossain
Published: July 2021

Conflict-free Conflict Resolution (CFCR) is an emerging theory and practice of conflict resolution. Building upon traditions of innovation within the field of dispute resolution, as well as insights from a variety of disciplines including conflict studies, peace studies and developmental psychology, CFCR aims to be a unity-centered practice. Both the method and outcomes of CFCR are attempts to reflect the possibilities of helping to create conditions of unity between individuals and communities. The purpose of this article is primarily descriptive, aiming to give an initial overview of CFCR as a practice. This description is rooted in the initial applications of CFCR in a number of contexts. In this article, the theoretical underpinnings of the CFCR model are summarized, CFCR’s connections with the contemporary conflict resolution scholarship are explored, and the three stages of CFCR are outlined.
Bridge across the Race-Class Chasm
Authors: Roy Beth
Published: July 2021

A Review of “Red, White, Black & Blue: A Dual Memoir of Race and Class in Appalachia” by William M. Drennen Jr. & Kojo (William T.) Jones Jr. (Ohio University Press, Athens, 2004)
Intragroup Subgroup Attitude Clustering, External Intervention, and Intergroup Interaction Patterns: Toward a Dynamical Model of Protracted Intergroup Conflict
Authors: Coleman Peter , Schneider Adam , Adams Douglass , Everett Catherine , Gameros Timothy , Hammons Lee , Orji Cecil , Waugh Ralph , Wicker Richard
Published: July 2021

Scholars and practitioners working with protracted conflicts in polarized communities have long recognized the complex dynamics between intragroup disputes and intergroup relations in these settings. In fact, the multitude of factors interacting within and between groups in these conflicts, and their tendency to change over time, largely contributes to their intractable natures. Unfortunately, the ability of scholars to conduct research on such dynamic phenomena has been largely constrained by the atomistic, linear approach of traditional research models and methods. However, recent advances in dynamical systems theory have provided a new set of tools for developing computer simulations that allow us to model the dynamic patterns emerging from complex interactions of multiple variables over time. This paper presents one such model: a dynamical model of protracted intergroup conflict. Using data collected from Israeli and Palestinian communities during the current Intifada, we modeled the dynamic relations between conflict escalation and international intervention on intragroup subgroup attitude clustering and patterns of intergroup interactions. Next steps and refinements for the model are discussed.
The Western-Islamic “Clash of Civilizations”: The Inadvertent Contribution of the Bush Presidency
Authors: Sandole Dennis
Published: July 2021

This article argues that policies of the Bush administration since 11 September 2001, have had -- perhaps inadvertently -- the effect of generating "facts on the ground" that have led to the self-fulfilling realization of realities corresponding to Samuel Huntington's contentious concept of the "clash of civilizations" in relations between the Western and Islamic “worlds”. One of the significant indicators of this phenomenon has been the counterproductive, self-defeating impact of the U.S.-led invasion and occupation of Iraq on the "war on terror," with all available information, even from the CIA and other U.S. governmental sources, agreeing that the presence of U.S. forces in Iraq has actually become more a part of the problem than of the solution. In addition to documenting the perhaps counter-intuitive impact of President Bush's policies on exacerbating the factors making for global terrorism -- and enhancing the motivation of those who are prepared to give up their lives in the execution of acts of catastrophic terrorism -- the article briefly explores policies that could turn this situation around.
Assessing Past Strategies for Countering Terrorism, in Lebanon and by Libya
Authors: Kriesberg Louis
Published: July 2021

American strategies to deal with terrorist attacks against Americans in Lebanon in the 1980s and by Libya since the beginning of the 1980s are examined. The consequences of the various strategies employed by U.S. government officials over time and the strategies employed by American non-governmental actors and by international organizations are compared. In addition, alternative strategies that might plausibly have been employed are also discussed. Official actions that relied largely on military methods and were conducted unilaterally tended to be less effective, even counterproductive, compared to actions that were multilateral and relied significantly on diplomatic approaches, often aided by intermediaries.
Supranational Networks: States and Firms
Authors: Wolfe Alvin
Published: July 2021

The nation-state systems that seem to dominate the global landscape are not necessarily the pinnacle of evolution. A conglomeration of interacting factors spelled doom for the traditional colonialism of previous centuries while providing an ideal environment for multinational firms operating above the level of nation-states to play an important role in the generation of a new politico-socio-economic system better described by network models than by ordinary political models. Previously existing units and subunits, in the course of adjustment and adaptation to changing circumstances, change their relations with one another and are, sometimes, newly integrated in a novel manner such that new units or subunits are recognizable. It is puzzling that most scholars still see these changes as merely quantitative growth rather than as a qualitatively new system at a supranational level of integration. Because human beings start from concepts we already know, one really has to be strongly motivated to try to go beyond the cognitive concepts one uses regularly to attempt to conceive of something different. In the perspective of millions of years of evolution both states and business firms are relatively recent emergents out of the processes of adaptation that generate all social formations. Both business firms and nation states are kinds of corporations, and it is a mistake to deal separately with the international network of states when it seems perfectly obvious that the supranational system includes interacting states and corporations in a single complex network. Most countries are not "natural" nation-states, but are corporations whose control over some territory is recognized by some other states. States and companies should be treated similarly in analysis of the supranational system and the best model for studying the supranational system is a network model that begins with defining units and their relationships. In that mode, applying various mathematical algorithms, one can find clusters and equivalence sets representing different levels of organization in the network. At the same time as states are influencing firms, firms are busily influencing states.
Enigmatic Bosnia Matters: Coexistence in Bavljinje during the Light and Darkness of Yugoslavia’s War
Authors: Cardzic Adnan , Byrne Sean
Published: July 2021

Constructive stories of coexistence during protracted interethnic conflict are rare; however, they have important implications for interethnic reconciliation and peacemaking (Senehi, 2002). The events that took place in the village of Bavljinje highlight the humanity displayed by neighbors in the midst of ethnic cleansing. Such stories illustrate that positive relationships can prevail in interethnic warfare and can be an important source of healing form the trauma of violent ethnic conflict. The story of Bavljinje also indicates the complexity of intergroup conflict and the need of such powerful metaphors in the postconflict peacebuilding process.
Political Discourse in the Republic of Ireland and its Function in the Troubles and Peace Process in Northern Ireland
Authors: O'Donnell Catherine
Published: July 2021

Despite some historical divergence, political parties in the Republic of Ireland shared some key objectives in response to the Troubles. Most consistently, each of the main parties (Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael) sought to undermine support for the IRA in Northern Ireland and de-legitimise arguments by Sinn Féin and the IRA. Over the course of the peace process, such common priorities developed into a wider shared discourse on the principles for agreement in Northern Ireland. The parties in the Republic soon established a vocal consensus incorporating support for the Good Friday Agreement, Sinn Féin involvement in politics in Northern Ireland, reconciliation, and a pluralist republicanism. The emergence of this common discourse has been essential to the legitimacy and durability of the peace process.
China’s Foreign Investment and Assistance: Implications for Cambodia’s Development and Democratization
Authors: Un Kheang
Published: July 2021

With a strong economy and newly acquired confidence following three decades of rapid economic expansion, China has pursued an outward looking policy based upon foreign direct investment, development assistance and trade targeting particularly the developing world. Such expansion has drawn concerns over its impact on human rights, democratization and the environment. This paper assesses these concerns by examining Sino-Cambodia relations over the past sixteen years. It concludes that while trade, development assistance, and investment have had positive effects on Cambodia’s economic development, concerns that these engagements have derailed deeper democratization in Cambodia are not deterministic. Cambodia’s authoritarian trajectory is less a product of China’s engagement and more of the Cambodian elites’ defiance of Western efforts at democratic promotion and belief in state developmentalism—economic prosperity with tight political control.
Localizing Peace: An Agenda for Sustainable Peacebuilding
Authors: Funk Nathan , Said Abdul
Published: July 2021

The sophistication of peace operations and complex humanitarian missions has increased in recent decades, resulting in increased international capacity to mitigate organized violence and provide relief to suffering populations. With respect to other indicators of success, however, international peace strategies still leave much to be desired. By their very nature, externally driven efforts tend to leave local actors feeling marginalized and disempowered, and unable to fulfill aspirations for cumulative and sustainable transformations in the quality of life. The peace that local populations genuinely hope for may fail to take root, and dynamics associated with interventionism may replace one set of problems with another. To address such problems within existing peace processes and to provide a framework for broader preventive action, this paper identifies “localizing peace” as a central challenge for twenty-first century peacebuilding efforts. International and cross-cultural cooperation remain vital for tackling border-spanning problems and structural inequalities, yet the advancement of global peace depends in no small part on the enhancement of local peace capacities. Ultimately, peace must be defined and constructed locally, and peacebuilding efforts become energetic and sustainable only to the extent that they tap local resources, empower local constituencies, and achieve legitimacy within particular cultural and religious contexts. By appreciating these realities, international actors can discover more effective means of partnering with local organizations and movements, while also deriving new insights into the unity and diversity of peacemaking.
Who is More Humane? An Ethnographic Account of Power Struggles in Jewish-Palestinian Dialogue Encounters
Authors: Sonnenschein Nava , Bekerman Zvi
Published: July 2021

This study addresses the question of majority-minority relations in situations of intractable conflict (Bar-Tal 2000). The study focuses on processes involved in the majority Jewish group’s construction of images of the Palestinian minority group, all citizens of Israel, while participating in a structured dialogue encounter conducted at Tel Aviv University in Israel. In this dialogue, it was observed that negative inhumane images that the Jews have of the Palestinians were notably expressed by the Jewish group in three situations: to cope with distress when their morality was challenged by the Palestinian group; to preserve the Jewish group's superiority and hegemony in Israel; and to preserve or restore the Jewish group's power. The study also examines the gradual processes of change that the Jewish group experienced while becoming aware that dehumanization strategies are practices that preserve dominance. This study contributes to a better understanding of the importance of addressing the iconic representations and images that majority groups hold of minority groups, and suggests the need to challenge the practice of power through the use of these representations and images when facilitating group encounters.
The Coalition of the Unwilling: Contentious Politics, Political Opportunity Structures, and Challenges for the Contemporary Peace Movement
Authors: Carty Victoria
Published: July 2021

The Bush Doctrine, which was installed after the 9-11 attacks on the United States under the guise of the war on terrorism, postulated a vision of the United States as the world’s unchallenged superpower and the invasion of Iraq became one of the central fronts of this war. After failing to get approval by the United Nations for the invasion, the Bush Administration’s attempt to assemble a coalition of the willing became critical to the battle for public opinion to back the war. While the administration was able to garner some support, the coalition eventually unravelled and all troops are expected to depart by 2011 in what is perceived by many as a failure of U.S. foreign policy. This article discusses how different strands of social movement theory, including resource mobilization and the political process model, can be combined to examine how the coalition of the unwilling emerged and what effect it had on the failure of the United States to sustain support for the Iraq war. It contributes to the literature on social movements by assessing the ways in which structural- and micro-level mobilization efforts are often interconnected in order to explain both the how and the why of social movements, usually treated separately in much of the extant research.
The Legal Implications Arising from Economic and Social Reconstruction as an Aspect of Peace Support Operations
Authors: Breen Claire
Published: July 2021

This article asserts that the link between peace and security and stabilization and development, as exemplified by the UN-mandated international presences in Afghanistan, is to be welcomed but that, from the perspective of the laws governing both the use of force and the conduct of warfare, such an evolution is problematic for a number of reasons. One, the broader functions of the military in peace support raises questions for jus ad bellum such as determining whether the basis for the peace enforcement has been achieved, as States and their armed forces engage in stabilization and state-building initiatives as a means to counter breaches of and threats to the peace. Two, the broader functions are problematic for jus in bello as the practical application of such initiatives is not easily incorporated into a body of law that was drafted primarily to deal with inter-state conflict and only provides limited guidance on internal conflict such as that in Afghanistan. Consequently, international law must evolve to clarify the rights and obligations stemming from peace support operations for both States and their military personnel.
Robust Peacekeeping? Panacea for Human Rights Violations
Authors: Nsia-Pepra Kofi
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the conviction that robust peacekeeping—a strong and forceful peacekeeping force—works better than traditional UN peacekeeping mechanisms in reducing human rights violations, specifically, civilian killing, in areas of deployment. I seek to analyze both the operational and internal characteristics of UN peacekeeping operations in an effort to understand the hindrances to achieving the objective of protecting human rights. Specifically, the study examines the contributions of key structural variables, including the mission type, weapon type, rules of engagement, mission strength, and major power participation controlling for other intervening variables using negative binomial and logit regression models. The empirical results indicated that the core variable ―robust peacekeeping‖ has impact on civilian killings, namely that it lowers civilian killings. The key factor seems to be strength of mission size associated with lower numbers of civilian killings. Great power participation, peacekeeper diversity and affinity with the host state, along with identity conflicts and at least proto-democratic status of the host state appear to be harbingers of potentially higher deliberate civilian killing totals. The findings thus have both theoretical and policy implications in the field of peacekeeping.
Redefining Sovereignty: An Analysis of U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki Moon’s Rhetoric on the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine
Authors: Edwards Jason
Published: July 2021

This essay examines United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon’s rhetoric concerning the responsibility to protect doctrine (R2P). This essay seeks to rhetorically map the arguments concerning the nature of R2P and what its specific components are. Specifically, I argue that Ban Ki-Moon’s rhetoric serves to redefine and update sovereignty and the responsibilities of statehood for a twenty-first century world. The rhetoric of R2P has important implications for the debates surrounding military intervention on “humanitarian” grounds.
On Success in Peace Processes: Readiness Theory and the Aceh Peace Process
Authors: Schiff Amira
Published: July 2021

The study presents an analysis of the conflict resolution process in the Aceh conflict between the government of Indonesia (GoI) and the Free Aceh Movement (“Gerekan Aceh Merdeka” or GAM). Starting with unofficial efforts by the Indonesian side from mid-2003, which eventually led the parties to the negotiation table and to the signing of the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in August 2005, the peace process put an end to the 30-year conflict over the independence of Aceh. The peaceful resolution of the Aceh conflict will be examined using readiness theory, which posits the factors that lead parties to negotiate and indicates which factors contribute to success in reaching a mutual agreement. The aim of this study is twofold. The first aim is to better understand the factors that led to the MoU. The second aim of this research is to offer a systematic examination of the assumptions of readiness theory, which have been the subject of few case studies to date. The study's findings indicate that the Aceh process was characterized by an increase in the parties’ level of readiness – to the point of being fully ready to sign an agreement. In the pre-negotiation phase the motivation of both parties increased significantly, while the level of optimism rose moderately on the part of the GoI but not GAM, whereas during the negotiations motivation as well as optimism increased significantly on both sides. Nevertheless, the application of readiness theory to the case study also gives rise to a number of questions regarding the theory's hypotheses and scientific status.
Facilitating Collaboration among Health Care Professionals
Authors: Cooper Robin
Published: July 2021

This paper explores how principles and practices of mediation and facilitation can be applied to facilitate collaboration among health care professionals. Certain techniques of mediation and facilitation are uniquely suited to address issues of values, roles, communication, and teamwork—four core competency domains of interprofessional collaborative practice—within the organizational context in order to transform workplace conflict into constructive collaboration. This paper discusses how one might draw upon those mediation and facilitation skills and techniques in order to address profession-centrism, professional prejudice, and us vs. them thinking, which hinder interprofessional collaboration. Those trained in the theories and practices associated with conflict analysis and resolution have a unique opportunity to foster mutual understanding and respect among health care professionals, and to heighten the salience of health professionals’ shared superordinate identity as members of the health care team.
Big Data Analysis of Facebook Users Personality Reconition using Map Reduce Back Propagation Neural Networks
Authors: Akinboro Solomon , Ogundoyin Ibrahim K. , Olusesi Ayobami T.
Published: July 2021

Machine learning has been an effective tool to connect networks of enormous information for predicting personality. Identification of personality-related indicators encrypted in Facebook profiles and activities are of special concern in most research efforts. This research modeled user personality based on set of features extracted from the Facebook data using Map-Reduce Back Propagation Neural Network (MRBPNN). The performance of the MRBPNN classification model was evaluated in terms of five basic personality dimensions: Extraversion (EXT), Agreeableness (AGR), Conscientiousness (CON), Neuroticism (NEU), and Openness to Experience (OPN) using True positive, False Positive, accuracy, precision and F-measure as metrics at the threshold value of 0.32. The experimental results reveal that MRBPNN model has accuracy of 91.40%, 93.89%, 91.33%, 90.43% and 89.13% CON, OPN, EXT, NEU and AGR respectively for personality recognition which is more computationally efficient than Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Therefore, personality recognition based on MRBPNN would produce a reliable prediction system for various personality traits with data having a very large instance.  Keywords— Machine learning, Facebook, MRBPNN, Personality Recognition, Neuroticism, Agreeableness.
Chilling Effect of Inoculation on the Microstructure and Hardness Property of Hypo-Eutectic Grey Cast Iron
Authors: Kutelu Bolarinwa J , Adubi Emmanuel G , Seidu Saliu O
Published: July 2021

The influence of varied weight percent of inoculant (ferrosilicon) on  the microstructure and hardness property of hypo- eutectic grey cast iron was investigated. Four sets of chill wedge samples were produced using  two chill wedge wooden patterns (W3  1/2 and W4). The first set, the control samples W3  1/2 and W4  were uninoculated. The second, third and fourth sets  were  inoculated with 1.0wt.%, 1.5wt.% and 2wt.% ferrosilicon respectively to give inoculated samples W3  1/2 and W4. Wedge test was conducted on the samples at  the four  different points (1, 2, 3 and 4) in accordance with ASTM A367.  From the results,  microstructures of the  control and the inoculated samples were differently influenced by the  varied percentage of the inoculant at  the four  designated points 1, 2, 3 and 4. The average hardness property of the  inoculated   samples  decreases   with  increasing  ferrosilicon addition. Samples W3  1/2 and W4  with  1.0wt.% ferrosilicon  revealed high  hardness property  at chill zone, and hardness property of W3 1/2 was high  relative to sample W4   with the values of  34.9 HRA  and 30.6 HRA respectively. Similarly, the control samples   showed the highest hardness property  at the chill zone.  Sample W3 1/2  revealed high hardness value  of 33.0 HRA  relative to  sample W4  of 26.8 HRA at the chill zone. Keywords - inoculant; Microstructure; hypo- eutectic;  chill zone;  hardness property
Effects of Cissus Populnea on the Rheological Properties of Local Clay
Authors: Oluwaseyi Adeoluwa O. , Omohimoria Charles C. , Falade Adetokunbo A.
Published: July 2021

Globally, Wyoming bentonite has been observed as the only accepted drilling fluid. Hence, the importance of investigating the mode by which Cissus populnea affects the rheological properties of local clay and as possible substitute for the international standard clay as drilling fluid. Ten samples of the local mud were taken at different locations of Afuze deposit, the stem bark of Cissus populnea was purchased in Ekiti State and authenticated at the herbarium, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Its extraction was effected using the soxhlet extractor apparatus. Samples A and C, were respectively the mud of the local clay and a mixture of the Cissus populnea extract and the local clay. A control sample, B was formed from a mixture of water and the International Standard Wyoming bentonite which was obtained from the Petroleum Engineering Department of the University of Ibadan. Rheological properties of each of the samples were determined. The results of sample C (density (9.85 lb/gal), pH (9.9–11.3); funnel viscosity (50–62 seconds); hydroxylethyl cellulose at 600 rpm (22-38 cp); filtrate value (13.0–15.8 ml); sand content (0.50–0.81ppg); gel strength (15-21 lb/100ft2) and yield stress (7-13 lb/100ft2)) fell within the API RP–13B standard for drilling fluid. The analysis showed that the differences between samples A, B and C were negligible and that the local clay treated with Cissus populnea can serve as a substitute for foreign clay. KEYWORDS: bentonite, Cissus Populnea, local clay, mud weight, rheological properties
Investigation of Adsorbent Characteristics of Carbonized Low-Density Woods in the Treatment of Textile Effluent
Authors: Fatokun Victor O. , Owofadeju Femi K. , Ewemoje Oluseyi E. , Ewemoje Temitayo A.
Published: July 2021

Textile industries wastewater contains pollutants which vary greatly and depend on the chemicals and treatment processes used. Toxic heavy metals in wastewater are discharged into the environment, which adversely affect human, aquatic life, and natural water bodies. This study was therefore designed to investigate adsorption of heavy metal ions (Cadmium, Zinc, Manganese, Chromium and iron) in raw textile wastewater using activated carbon from Cordia millenii and Gmelina arborea wood species. Carbon structural pattern was examined using SEM equipment. Batch sorption tests were conducted in wastewater treatment by varying absorbent contact time with the sorbate from 30 to 120minutes (at 30minutes intervals) to facilitate attainment of equilibrium condition. The pore space diameter mean values were 9.28±1.22 and 4.45±1.57µm for Cordia millenii Carbon (CMC) and Gmelina arborea Carbon (GAC) respectively. It was observed that over 80% Manganese removal was achieved at 120minutes contact time for both carbon studied. Highest removal efficiencies was observed at all contact times in GAC for iron while in CMC for Chromium, Cadmium, Zinc and Manganese between 30-90minutes contact time. After 120 minutes contact time, there was insignificant difference in removal efficiency for Chromium and Manganese. However, at 30minutes contact time, percentage removal of over 60% was obtained for Manganese, implying that Manganese has high mobility towards the adsorbents surface. The activated carbons obtained from these two wood species are therefore viable options for heavy metal removal from textile effluents. Keywords— Adsorption, activated carbon, Cordia millenii carbon, Gmelina arborea carbon, heavy metals.
Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Maikunkele Stream for Irrigation Purpose Using Water Quality Index
Authors: Musa John J. , Otuaro Ebierni , Dada Pius O.O. , Aliyu Bello G.
Published: July 2021

The study is aimed at using water quality index (WQI) as a standard for determining the suitability of the surface water for irrigation purpose within the Maikunkele Fadama area in Niger State, Nigeria by monitoring five sampling points for five months. The samples were analyzed for includes nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), besides other general parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity). The WQI for the parameters under investigation were determined and values compared international standards. The mean temperature value ranged between 29.5 and 30.4 oC, while pH values of 7.18 maximum and 5.95 minimum were observed for the study location. The electrical conductivity ranged between 174 and 274 µScm-1. The mean concentration of calcium ion ranged between 3.68 and 4.44 mgL-1. The concentration of Fe was 0.13 mgL-1 and 1.48 mgL-1. The minimum and maximum values of Zn are 0.01 mgL-1 and 0.17 mgL-1 respectively. The Maikunkele Fadama stream had WQI value ranging from 43.469 to 47.120 which fall under good water category, these also conforms to the results obtained from the analysis carried out. It is therefore concluded that the stream water feeding the Maikunkele Fadama farm is fit to be used as irrigation water for the study area as Fadama stream had WQI value ranging from 43.469 to 47.120 thus falling under good water category as far as water quality for irrigation purpose is concerned. Hence, the stream water feeding the Maikunkele fadama farm is fit to be used as irrigation water.Keywords-  Agrochemicals, contamination, fadama farming, Irrigation water, water quality index
Facial Emotion Recognition with Sparse Coding Descriptor
Authors: Nuhu Aliyu S. , Akut Emmanuel K. , Cinfwat Kishak Z. , Julius Patrick N. , Imam Maryam L. , Momoh Solomon I. , Egbujo Felix I. , Dajab Danjuma D.
Published: July 2021

With the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic ravaging the world, all sectors of life were affected including education. This led to many schools taking distance learning through the use of computer as a safer option.  Facial emotion means a lot to teacher’s assessment of his performance and relation to his students. Researchers has been working on improving the face monitoring and human machine interface. In this paper we presented different types of face recognition methods which include: Principal component analysis (PCA); Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF); Local binary pattern (LBP); Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and also the group sparse coding (GSC) and come up with the fusion of LBP, PCA, SURF GLCM with GSC. Linear Kernel Support Vector Machine (LSVM) Classifier out-performed Polynomial, RBF and Sigmoid kernels SVM in the emotion classification. Results obtained from experiments indicated that, the new fusion method is capable of differentiating different types of face emotions with higher accuracy compare with the state-of-the-art methods currently available.Keywords— Face Recognition, Principal Component Analysis, Speeded Up Robust Features, Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix
SELECTIONAL PREFERENCES OF THE SUFFIX -IFY IN NAMES OF SOME MOBILE APPS IN ENGLISH
Authors:   University of Novi Sad Faculty of Philosophy, Lalić Krstin Gordana
Published: July 2021

We are witnessing an increase in the number of formations with the verb-forming suﬃx -ify, the majority of which are names of websites, mobile apps or internet-based services, e.g. Androidify, Connectify or Fatify. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the selectional behaviour of -ify in these new formations and determine whether there are any indications of some new trends. The suﬃx -ify typically occurs with Latinate bases to form causative or inchoative verbs such as intensify or mummify (Bauer, Huddleston 2002; Plag 1999). The rivalry with -ize is mainly resolved by phonological constraints: -ize occurs after one or more unstressed syllables, while -ify is always preceded by a stressed syllable. This means that -ify attaches to either monosyllabic bases or polysyllabic bases stressed on the ultimate (Plag 1999, 2003). It is uncommon for neologisms with -ify to show stress shift (Plag 2003: 93). While some of the new formations are clearly compliant with these rules and tendencies, some are not. For example, there are some formations with non-Latinate bases (Dollify), some that require a shift of stress (Androidify) and some that attach to verbal bases (Distractify). By combining corpus search results (Corpus of Contemporary American English (Davies 2008-), Corpus of Global Web-Based English (Davies 2013), iWeb Corpus (Davies 2018-)), Google Play Store data and other sources (in particular Johnson 2014a), we investigate a list of 442 new words with -ify in order to ascertain whether the suﬃx -ify is changing as regards its selectional preferences described above.
THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAPHOSTYLISTIC EXPLORATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY ANGLO-AMERICAN NOVELS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac Faculty of Philology and Arts, Palibrk Ivana
Published: July 2021

Although our previous studies provided valuable insights into the characteristic graphostylemic features of main literary genres in general, the question of adapting to the technological developments in print requires more attention. Not only did the advancements cause considerable changes in writing practice and the perception of the novels, but they also indicated the rise of a new medium – the one between verbal and visual. This has become quite prominent, especially in contemporary novels in English: the possibilities of digital print emphasize the idea of media equality, of the text remaining the same regardless of its form. However, the way we attribute a meaning to a text does not depend solely on its content but its physical form as well. The notion “if a medium is changed, the content of the message also changes” is what nowadays motivates Anglo-American novelists to constantly test the novel’s materiality and us to explore the reasons behind it. This paper identifies all the graphostylemic techniques observed in several paradigmatic examples in English and the subject of our qualitative analysis is the overall significance of authors’ suggested patterns. Since their perspective on the current developments is revealed through the extreme graphostylistic markedness, this type of analysis seems inevitable. The main goal is to describe and classify the graphic devices, determine their functions and the eﬀects they produce. With respect to the extralinguistic constraints of period and genre, the concluding remarks put forward the value of the most common graphostylistic means used by Anglo-American authors and the importance of similar analyses.
EXPLORING PRESENT ABILITY: A COLLOSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
Authors:   University of Kragujevac Faculty of Philology and Arts, Tošić Lojanica Tiana
Published: July 2021

The paper investigates two constructions commonly thought to be semantically equivalent, S can V and S be able to V. Both modal can and semi-modal be able to are used to express ability that could be described as either mental or acquired accomplishment, pertaining to past or present. The diﬀerence between them is typically denoted as general ability or that someone managed to do something on a particular occasion. If not limited by the main verb (e.g. there is a constraint against can after another modal verb), can and be able to are mostly interchangeable. Starting from the premise that every construction carries meaning which is dependent on the meaning of lexical elements occurring in that construction, the aim is to shed light on the usage of the two verb constructions and the degree of their interchangeability by examining their complements. To compare and contrast the two constructions, we rely on a corpus-based and quantitative method of collostructional analysis (Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004), or specifically on distinctive collexeme analysis which allows us to determine if the V slot in the construction is preferred by or restricted to particular lexemes. As S can V and S be able to V are highly attested in the corpus, the research is restricted only to their meaning of the present ability
ON SOME SOCIO-PRAGMATIC DIMENSIONS OF BORROWING FROM ENGLISH INTO SERBIAN
Authors:   University of Niš Faculty of Philosophy, Mišić Ilić Biljana
Published: July 2021

The recent pragmatic turn in the research on language contact and linguistic borrowing emphasizes the role of discourse, the speakers’ motivations and the social context, along with the structural, semantic and pragmatic aspects. Following the theoretical framework postulated in Andersen (2014), Andersen et al. (2017), Peterson (2017), Peterson, Beers Fagersten (2018), and focusing on the borrowing of pragmatic markers from English into Serbian, this article discusses several, often interrelated phenomena, which have been identified as associated with pragmatic borrowing. They are the functional shift (in particular, the weakening of the illocutionary force and the narrowing of the scope of use of the borrowed pragmatic items), semantic bleaching, indexing of particular social identities, and licensing of certain linguistic and social behaviours, possibly unsuitable with the use of native Serbian pragmatic markers. The article provides numerous illustrative contextualized examples of English pragmatic markers borrowed into Serbian, extracted from various electronic sources of written Serbian. They include the politeness markers pliz and sori, the expletives shit, fuck and the related forms such as who/what the fuck, wtf, and the abbreviations omg and rip, which are examined in their pragmatic, semantic, and social aspects.
AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA AND THE ACQUISITION OF EFL VOCABULARY
Authors:   University of Novi Sad Faculty of Philosophy, adić-Bojanić Biljana
Published: July 2021

English language vocabulary is not static and unchangeable, especially because it is constantly enriched as the world changes. All this is reflected in audiovisual media, which people around the world can access easily via the cinema, TV or the internet. Since authors like Hopkins (2013), Israel (2013), Kabooha (2016), Kuśnierek (2016), Li and Brand (2009), Peters et al. (2016), Rodgers (2013) and Shing and Yin (2014) have found that audiovisual media can contribute to second language acquisition, the aim of this research is to establish if and to what extent they influence the acquisition of vocabulary of English as a foreign language among high school students in Serbia. In order to obtain the data, we examined the frequency and manner of use of audiovisual media in a questionnaire and collected the data on vocabulary knowledge in a test. The research was conducted in a grammar school and the informants were 99 second and fourth-grade students. The data were coded and statistically processed in SPSS 20.0. It was established that those students who spent more time using audiovisual media had a positive attitude towards them and achieved better results on the vocabulary test.
SELF-REGULATION IN READING EFL ACADEMIC TEXTS — EFFECTS OF GROUP-WORK DYNAMICS
Authors:   University of Novi Sad Faculty of Philosophy, Topalov Jagoda
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to determine the eﬀects of Collaborative strategic reading (CSR), an instructional framework designed to improve students’ reading skills (Klingner, Vaughn 1999), on EFL learners’ inventory of reading strategies and the frequency of its use. In a quasi-experimental pre-test – post-test study with a control group, the participants were, over two semesters, exposed to strategic reading instruction in either a cooperative or an individual setting. A series of mixed between-within repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted in order to see whether there were diﬀerences in the use of reading strategies between the students from the two groups, as well as between the same students tested at three diﬀerent times (at baseline, at the middle of the experiment, and upon the completion of the experiment). The results indicate that the cooperative setting has a statistical eﬀect on the use of strategies employed during and after reading academic texts, but not before. The results further show that the students from the experimental group reported significantly more self-regulatory behaviors than the students from the control group upon the completion of the experiment, but not at its middle, suggesting that prolonged exposure to experimental input is necessary for the eﬀects of group-work dynamics to become visible and the strategic framework to become internalized. Pedagogical implications of the results mainly address the potential of group-work dynamics in oﬀering an eﬀective alternative to typical teacher-centered EFL instruction found in most university contexts.
Book Review: Flanders, J. (2020). A Place for Everything. The Curious History of Alphabetical Order. New York: Basic Books
Authors: Manolescu Dan
Published: July 2021

Have you ever wondered what Table of Contents, Times Tables (for multiplication), and the Periodic Table have in common? Or how knowledge of alphabetical order spread out of Egypt into the Greek world, the Roman Empire, and eventually the rest of the world? How about organizing principles from subject categories to a widely accepted concept of today: the alphabetical order? Judith Flanders’s A Place for Everything. The Curious History of Alphabetical Order will answer all these questions (plus lots of other similar inquiries) and will take the reader on an enchanting journey of discovery that might clarify the multiple concepts of storing, registering, and filing information.
Square Your Circle: How to Assess the Environmental Impact of Reuse Business Models in Apparel
Authors: Drew Deborah , Gillick-Daniels Sam , Dickerson Austin , Metzger Eliot
Published: July 2021

An estimated $500 billion is lost globally each year when clothes are disposed of before the end of their useful material life. In an effort to reduce this, companies are exploring ways to do business with less negative impact. To this end, companies make claims about the environmental benefits of implementing different circular models. Without clear and common reference points or methods, companies could be at risk of greenwashing and might lose money and competitive advantage investing in false solutions. This guidebook helps companies make accurate calculations to the relative impact a reuse business model has on their environmental footprint. Co-developed by World Resources Institute (WRI) and the Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP), this guidebook presents methods for apparel companies to measure the environmental impacts of clothing reuse:
An oasis called science
Authors: Fajardo Estafania
Published: July 2021

She cares for patients on the front line of a pandemic response. She presides over the PANLAR 2021 Scientific Committee; she is a mother and, in her spare time, a dancer. This sums up the life of Dr. Alejandra Babini.
Characterization of Electroencephalographic Findings at an Electrodiagnostic Unit of a Tertiary Hospital, North-central Nigeria
Authors: Iwuozo E U , Enyikwola J O , Obekpa I O , Ijachi O O , Godwin A A , Oyigeya M
Published: July 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) remains an important investigative tool in supporting the diagnosis and classification of various seizure types. We sought to examine and characterize the EEG findings from all patients referred for the procedure. This cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at an EEG unit in Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State, North Central Nigeria from May 2016 to December 2020. Relevant patients' information were extracted and analysed using SPSS version 21. A total of 484 patients were seen over the study period with age range of 1-87 years and median age of 23 years. They comprised of 254 (52.5%) male and 230 (47.5%) female. The psychiatrist and the Physicians/Neurologist referred most of them for EEG, 201 (41.5%) and 124 (25.6%) respectively. The most reported indication for EEG was clinical suspicion of seizure disorder 291 (60.1%), whilst some did not have a clear indication 111 (22.9%). About 417 (86.2%) of our patients had abnormal EEG finding out of which 414 (99.3%) were diagnostic of seizure disorder made up of generalized seizure in 255 (61.6%) and focal seizure in 159 (38.4%). About 237 (48.9%) of them were already on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at referral of which 190 (80.2%0 were taking carbamazepine. This study showed a high prevalence of abnormal EEG with most of them diagnostic of seizure disorder especially generalized seizure. They were mostly of younger age group with about half of them already on AEDs at referral, majority of who were sent by the Psychiatrist.