bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Data to Impact: Assessing the Value of Cultural Heritage in the Digital Age
Authors: Uzelac Aleksandra , Lovrinić Higgins Barbara
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the complex landscape of evaluating the impact of digital cultural heritage initiatives within the European Union. While present body of research has so far addressed various facets of digital culture and heritage, including digital humanities, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of digital heritage projects on broader cultural, social, and economic contexts remains a critical gap. This is particularly important given the increasing emphasis on demonstrating value of and securing support for these initiatives. The EU recognizes this strategic importance, promoting digital transformation within the cultural heritage sector and setting ambitious digitization goals. However, the shift from digitization to digital transformation, alongside the more traditional concerns of access and preservation, requires a focus on sustainability, encompassing social and environmental impact, long-term preservation, and economic viability. By employing critical desk research, this paper examines the EU policies concerning digital cultural heritage and the challenges of measuring impact, discussing key concepts like sustainability and digital maturity. It provides an overview of prominent impact assessment frameworks, analysing their strengths and limitations and considering their appropriateness for today policy context. We conclude by arguing the importance of developing and applying holistic IA frameworks that consider the diverse values and long-term sustainability of digital cultural heritage initiatives, facilitating a shift from simply collecting data to demonstrating meaningful change.
Climatic Structure Analysis of Olive Growing in Extremadura, South-West Spain
Authors: Honorio Fulgencio , García-Martín Abelardo , Paniagua Luís L. , Aguirado Cristina
Published: February 2025

This study analysed the climatic characteristics of olive growing in Extremadura, a region in western Spain with some of the largest areas and production in Europe. A daily database was created from 47 weather stations located throughout Extremadura during the olive growing season from 1990-2021. To characterise and determine the olive growing climatology in Extremadura, the climatic variables and ten bioclimatic-physiological indices that provide information on the be-haviour of the olive tree have been calculated. The correlation between the fourteen variables used was carried out, a reduction was made and the number of minimum factors was determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and, in order to obtain homogeneous groups, cluster analysis was carried out. The result of index reduction revealed that annual rainfall (Rr), annual water re-quirement (AWR), mean annual temperature (Tavg), degree days above 14.4 °C accumulated in the olive growing period (GDD14.4) and the number of days with optimal temperatures for carbohy-drate synthesis in leaves (NDCHS) were sufficient to characterise the agricultural regions of Ex-tremadura, explaining between them 97.24% of the observed variability. The results indicate the presence of two principal components, one pertaining to thermal-physiological factors (PC1) and the other to hydric variables (PC2). Three homogeneous groups were determined by cluster analysis, one of which had cooler thermal conditions and no water requirements. The study found that an increase in the olive growing season or a shortening of the dormant period could result in a higher water input during the growing season and a lack of accumulation of chilling hours during the dormant period, causing crop maintenance problems in warmer locations. Climate change is expected to have significant impacts on this crop where climatic conditions are already very hot and dry. In the future, it is possible that the current olive growing areas in Extremadura will move to other areas where the temperature is cooler.
Does the Fatigue Induced by a 30-Minute Run Affect the Lower Limb Acceleration Spikes Asymmetries?
Authors: Delgado García Gabriel , Martín López Isabel , Soto-Méndez Fulgencio , Quílez-Maimón Arturo , Boned-Gomez Salvador
Published: February 2025

Running-induced fatigue affects several biomechanical parameters, yet few studies are focused on the acceleration spikes asymmetries. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 30-minute run on lower limbs spikes’ asymmetries. Eighteen recreational runners per-formed the test at a moderate speed and acceleration spikes asymmetries and kinematic (temporal) parameters were measured via accelerometers -on tibias and sacrum- and 2D photogrammetry. Acceleration spikes parameters were continuously measured and aver-aged per minute to assess the relationship between fatigue and acceleration spike asym-metries via a linear regression model. Right tibial acceleration spikes increased over time (r = 0.9; p < 0.001) and left tibia spikes decreased (r = 0.78; p < 0.001), with a rise in tibial load asymmetry index from 9% at the start of the test to a 25% at the end (r = 0.98; P < 0.001). The study suggest that fatigue affects acceleration spike of both limbs differently, with increasingly greater acceleration spikes in the right-dominant leg. The findings should be considered, as greater asymmetries are related to overuse injuries and lower ef-ficiency. Also, in studies focusing on running mechanics with fatigue, it is recommended to collect data from both limbs, and not only from the right-dominant.
Simulation and Experimental Study of the V-Bending Process for SS304 and AA6061 Sheets Using Additively Manufactured Tools
Authors: Bhatia Chandrakant V , Patel Dhiren , Abidi Mustafa Haider , Alasim Fahad
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing industrial manufacturing by introducing advanced techniques for designing and producing prototypes across various sectors. AM is increasingly being used to create cost-effective tools, such as blank holders, dies, and punches, that enhance the formability of sheet metal products. This study investigates the use of 3D-printed tools in the V-bending process, employing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental setups at angles of 30, 45, and 60 degrees. The formability of 1mm-thick SS304 steel and AA6061 aluminium was evaluated, focusing on geometric precision, thinning, and overall formability. FEA results suggest that increasing sheet thickness may reduce formability for both materials. Simulations were compared with permissible limits to ensure accurate samples. Experimentally, sixty samples were bent using dies and punches made from Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Results showed that the ABS material significantly influenced the bending process, indicating its potential for use in batch production. The findings highlight the feasibility of using AM-generated tooling to improve formability and optimize production in sheet metal forming.
Petrogenesis and Tectonic Setting of the Late Permian Granitoid in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW China: Constraints from Petrology, Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf Isotopes
Authors: Hui Chao , Sun Fengyue , Wang Tao , Yang Yanqian , Chai Yun , Yan Jiaming , Shahzad Bakht , Li Bile , Zhang Yajing , Yu Tao , Chen Xingsen , Liu Chengxian , Zhu Xinran , Wang Yuxiang , Wang Zhengsong , Li Haoran , Song Renyi , Dou Desheng
Published: February 2025

Permian magmatic rocks are extensively distributed in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB), yet controversies persist regarding the petrogenesis of granitoid and the tectonic evolution of the Buqingshan-A’nyemaqing Ocean (BAO), a Paleo-Tethys oceanic branch. This study addresses these debates through petrological analyses, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotopic investigations of newly identified granitoids in the EKOB. The monzogranite (MG) and quartz porphyry (QP) yield weighted mean ages of 254.7 ± 1.1 Ma and 254.3 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively. Geochemically, the MG shows metaluminous to weakly peraluminous low-K calc-alkaline I-type granites, characterized by high SiO2, low K2O, MgO, FeOT contents, and marked enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREEs), but depletion in Eu, Ba, Sr, P and Ti anomalies. In contrast, the QP exhibits peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline I-type affinities, displaying high SiO2 but low Na2O and P2O5 contents. It is enriched in LREEs and Rb but displays negative Nb, Sr, P, and Ti anomalies. Zircon εHf(t) values range from −1.6 to 2.6 (MG) and −4.4 to 1.5 (QP). We suggest the MG and QP are derived from the partial melting of the juvenile mafic lower crust, and the MG has undergone highly fractional crystallization. Synthesis of multiscale geological evidence allows us to delineate a five-stage tectonic evolution for the BAO in the EKOB: (1) oceanic basin initiation prior to ca. 345 Ma; (2) incipient northward subduction commencing at ca. 278 Ma; (3) slab roll-back stage (263–240 Ma); (4) syn-collisional compression (240–230 Ma); and (5) post-collisional extension (230–195 Ma).
TLP-Supported NREL 5MW Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Tower Vibration Reduction Under Aligned and Misaligned Wind-Wave Excitations
Authors: Martynowicz Paweł , Ślimak Piotr , Katsaounis Georgios M.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents numerical study of the TLP-supported NREL 5MW wind turbine model under aligned and misaligned extreme wind-wave excitations. The analyses are conducted using OpenFAST dedicated software as well as specially developed simulation framework based on Comsol Multiphysics FEM model that was imported to MATLAB/Simulink environment using eigenvalue decomposition method. The Comsol/MATLAB/Simulink simulation model was equipped with 20 ton passive tuned vibration absorber (TVA) similarly to a standard OpenFAST’s solution, or with a controlled 10 ton TVA, utilising magnetorheological (MR) damper, operating simultaneously with the force actuator (forming hybrid H-MR-TVA), or independently – forming semiactive MR-TVA. The implementation of semiactive/hybrid 10 ton TVA tuned to tower 1st bending mode for the TLP-supported NREL 5MW wind turbine is a promising alternative to 20 ton passive TVA. Both, MR-TVA and H-MR-TVA, provide more favourable tower vibration mitigation results for aligned wind-wave conditions: the reduction of maximum tower deflection reaches 11.2% with respect to 20 ton passive TVA, and 14.9% with regard to structure without the TVA. The reduction of root-mean-square tower deflection is up to 4.2% / 2.9%, respectively, for along-the-waves critical direction. TVA stroke reduction reaches up to 18.6% (regarding 20 ton passive TVA). For misaligned excitations, controlled 10 ton TVA solutions excel in tower extreme deflection reduction as well as TVA stroke minimisation. The maximum tower deflections are reduced by up to 4.3% / 4.8% with regard to 20 ton passive TVA for 45° / 90° misalignments (respectively). This is accompanied with up to 22.2% / 34.4% stroke reduction (45° / 90° misalignment respectively). On the contrary, 20 ton passive TVA is slightly better in lowering the root-mean-square tower deflections: 0.1% / 2.3% for 45° / 90° misalignments. It is also worth emphasizing that maximum stroke of the selected H-MR-TVA variant does not exceed 2.427 m across all the regarded worst-case-scenario wind and wave excitations, which opens a field for more flexible 10 ton TVA location options, including tower sections that are favourable vibration mitigation solutions’ locations. The implementation of 10 ton passive TVA tuned to tower 1st bending mode is not recommended – the uncontrolled TVA of low mass ratio is ineffective for the regarded demanding excitation conditions. The results of the current research may be used for the design of the full-scale controlled TVA system serving the TLP-supported floating offshore NREL-5MW-class wind turbine structure.
Cyber Threats and Risk Mitigation Strategies for Cloud Systems and the Internet of Things
Authors: Abbadi Driss
Published: February 2025

As reliance on cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to grow, so too do the security risks that threaten the integrity of these systems. These systems are exposed to various threats, including cyberattacks targeting data stored in the cloud and attacks on devices connected within IoT environments. This study explores the emerging cybersecurity risks faced by cloud and IoT systems, focusing on effective strategies to mitigate these risks, such as encryption, multi-factor authentication, and continuous monitoring. The paper also examines the challenges of implementing these strategies, including technological complexities, legal concerns, and high costs. Lastly, the study reviews future trends in cloud computing and IoT security, with a particular emphasis on the increasing role of artificial intelligence and distributed computing to strengthen security and safeguard data.
Extracellular vesicle-derived microRNA crosstalk between equine chondrocytes and synoviocytes—an in vitro approach
Authors: Castanheira Catarina IGD , Anderson James R , Clarke Emily Jayne , Hackl Matthias , James Victoria , Clegg Peter , Peffers Mandy
Published: February 2025

We describe a novel technique to analyze the extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNA (miRNA) crosstalk between equine chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Donor cells (chondrocytes, n=8; synoviocytes, n=9) were labelled with 5-ethynyl uridine (5-EU); EVs were isolated from culture media and incubated with recipient cells (chondrocytes [n=5] were incubated with synoviocyte-derived EVs, and synoviocytes [n=4] were incubated with chondrocyte-derived EVs). Total RNA was extracted from recipient cells; the 5-EU labelled RNA was recovered and sequenced. Differential expression analysis, pathway analysis, and miRNA target prediction were performed. Overall, 198 and 213 miRNAs were identified in recipient synoviocytes and chondrocytes, respectively. The top five most abundant miRNAs were similar for synoviocytes and chondrocytes (ecamiR-21, eca-miR-221, ecamiR-222, eca-miR-100, eca-miR-26a), and appeared to be linked to joint homeostasis. There were nine differentially expressed (p<0.05) miRNAs (ecamiR-27b, ecamiR-23b, eca-miR-31, ecamiR191a, eca-miR-199a-5p, eca-miR-143, eca-miR-21, eca-miR-181a and eca-miR-181b) between chondrocytes and synoviocytes, which appeared to be linked to migration of cells, apoptosis, cell viability of connective tissue cell, and inflammation. In conclusion, the reported technique was effective in recovering and characterizing the EV-derived miRNA crosstalk between equine chondrocytes and synoviocytes and allowed the identification of EV-communicated miRNA patterns potentially related to cell viability, inflammation, and joint homeostasis.
Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Efficacy in Anxiety Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Domínguez-Pérez Judith , Peñate-Castro Wenceslao , Rivero-Pérez Francisco Luis
Published: February 2025

Anxiety disorders are common mental health conditions characterized by excessive fear and anxiety. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has demonstrated efficacy, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning its effects remain debated, with the dual-route model offering a potential explanation: CBT works increasing activations of brain areas responsible for emotion regulation, and decreasing activations of limbic areas. This scoping review aims to explore the neurobiological mechanisms supporting CBT’s efficacy in specific phobia and assess their applicability to broader anxiety disorders. Included studies published since 2018 focused on adult samples receiving CBT for anxiety disorders, providing neuroimaging data pre- or post-treatment. Data extraction followed a standardized process, with key variables such as study design, population, and neuroimaging findings systematically charted. While the dual-route model explains key aspects of CBT’s neurobiological effects, findings suggest the need for expansion to incorporate areas such as the precuneus, particularly in specific phobia and social anxiety disorder. Further research is required to refine the model for broader applicability.
Statistical Gravity, ADM Splitting, and AQ
Authors: Fantoni Riccardo
Published: February 2025

I propose a possible way to render numerically accessible the path integral Monte Carlo computations
required in the Statistical Gravity theory described in a recent publication [Riccardo Fantoni,
Quantum Reports, {\bf 6}, 706 (2024)]. This requires the use of the Arnowitt, Deser, and Misner
(ADM) splitting and of the Affine Quantization (AQ) method.
Development and Production of High-Oleic Palm Oil Alternative by Fermentation of Microalgae
Authors: Parker Leon , Ward Kevin , Pilarski Thomas , Price James , Derkach Paul , Correa Mona , Miller Roberta , Benites Veronica , Athanasiadis Dino , Doherty Bryce , Edy Lucy , Alnozaili Gawharah , Reyes Nina , Wittenberg Jon , Eliares Gener , Destaillats Frédéric , Rakitsky Walter , Franklin Scott
Published: February 2025

The development of high-oleic palm oil alternatives through microbial fermentation offers a sustainable solution to the environmental challenges associated with traditional palm oil cultivation. In this study, Prototheca moriformis microalgae strain was optimized via classical strain improvement techniques to produce high-oleic oil with a fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) profile similar to conventional high-oleic palm oil. Iterative rounds of mutagenesis and screening enhanced the palmitic acid content from 28 to 30-32% and oleic acid from 60 to 55-57% of total fatty acids, with an oil yield of 136.5 g/L and an oil content of 69.45% of dry cell weight. The scalability of this process was demonstrated across fermentation scales ranging from 1 L to 50 L. The TAG profile showed elevated unsaturated TAG species, meeting the quality and nutritional requirements of industrial applications. These findings highlight the potential of microbial systems to address the growing demand for high-value nutritional oils while alleviating the environmental and socio-economic impacts of tropical oil crop cultivation. The application of P. moriformis fermentation provides a transformative approach to advancing sustainability and resilience in global fats and oils production.
Cybersecurity and Major Cyberthreats of Smart Meters: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Nambundo Jones Márcio , Gomes Otávio S. M. , Souza Adler Diniz de , Machado Raphael Carlos Santos
Published: February 2025

Smart meters are a vital part of the smart grid, enabling energy management, real-time control, and data collection. Despite advances in technology, there is still a lack of content and limited understanding of the specific cybersecurity threats facing these devices, as well as the effectiveness of existing mitigation strategies. This study analyzed 41 articles sourced from three academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore). A cutting-edge study was conducted, including a comprehensive review of relevant literature on smart meters, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. Elements were selected based on pre-assessment and classification processes, and the data were extracted and combined to provide detailed insights into the new devices. The study identified several significant cybersecurity risks for smart meters, including data breaches, unauthorized access, data manipulation, denial of service (DoS) attacks, and malware introduction. The study also highlighted the vulnerabilities exploited by these threats, such as undocumented communications, weak authentication, and outdated software. Recommended mitigation strategies include strengthening access and authentication mechanisms, securing communication systems, regular software updates, code management, anomaly detection, and access control. The findings indicate that, although there are good strategies and methods to mitigate these cyber threats, significant research gaps remain. These gaps include design requirements, software and firmware updates, physical security, the use of big data to detect vulnerabilities, user data privacy, and inconsistencies in machine learning algorithms. Future research should focus on these aspects to improve the stability and reliability of smart meters.
Recent Advances in Clinical Applications of Targeted Nanomaterials
Authors: Kumar Ankesh , SK Shahvej , Yadav Pankaj , Modi Unnati , Yadav Amit Kumar , Solanki Raghu , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: February 2025

Targeted nanomaterials are at the forefront of advancements in nanomedicine due to their unique and versatile properties. These include nanoscale size, shape, surface chemistry, mechanical flexibility, fluorescence, optical behaviour, magnetic, and electronic characteristics as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability. These attributes enable their application across diverse fields such as drug delivery, bioimaging, sensing, disease diagnostics, tissue engineering, cosmetics, and electronics. This review explores the fundamental characteristics of nanomaterials and emphasize their importance into clinical applications. It further delves into methodologies for nanoparticles programming alongside discussions on clinical trials and case studies. We discussed some of promising nanomaterials such as polymeric nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles with their role in biomedical applications. The review underscores significant advancements in translating nanomaterials into clinical applications and highlight the potential of these innovative approaches in revolutionizing the medical field.
Low Back Pain Among Health Sciences Undergraduates: Results Obtained from a Machine-Learning Analysis
Authors: Abbas Janan , Yousef Malik , Hamoud Kamal , Joubran Katherin
Published: February 2025

Background and objective. Low back pain (LBP) is considered the most common and challenging disorder in health care. Although its incidence increases with age, a student`s sedentary behavior could contribute to this risk. Through machine learning (ML), advanced algorithms can analyze complex patterns in health data, enabling accurate prediction and targeted prevention of medical conditions such as LBP. This study aims to detect the factors associated with LBP among health sciences students.
Methods. A self-administered modified version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was completed in May to June 2022 by freshman class health sciences students. A supervised random forest algorithm was utilized to analyze data and prioritize the importance of variables related to LBP. The model's predictive capability was further visualized using a decision tree to identify high-risk patterns and associations. Results. A total of 197/222 (88.7%) students participated in this study, most of whom (75%) were female. Their mean age and body mass index were 23 ±3.8 and 23 ±3.5, respectively. Forty-six percent (n=90) of the students reported having experienced LBP in the last month, 15% (n=30) were smokers, and 60% (n=119) were involved in prolonged sitting (more than 3 hours per day). The decision tree of ML revealed that a history of pain (score=1), as well as disability (score= 0.34) and physical activity (score =0.21), were significantly associated with LBP.
Conclusions. About half (46%) of the health science students suffered from LBP. The machine-learning approach showed that a history of pain was the most independent factor related to LBP.
Postoperative Pain and Incisional Hernia of Specimen Extraction Sites for Minimally Invasive Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Comparison of Periumbilical Midline Incision versus Pfannenstiel Incision
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiro , Goto Keisuke , Kamada Teppei , Abe Tadashi , Nakano Takafumi , Takano Yasuhiro , Ohkuma Masahisa , Kosuge Makoto , Eto Ken
Published: February 2025

Background: Recent studies indicate that minimally invasive surgery is widely accepted as the optimal procedure for colorectal cancer. However, the ideal lo-cation of the specimen extraction site remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the conventional periumbilical midline incision with the Pfannenstiel incision for specimen extraction during minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 76 patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery (double-stapling technique anastomosis) for rectal cancer between January 2022 and June 2023. Postoperative short- and mid-term outcomes were compared between the periumbilical midline incision and Pfannenstiel incision groups. Results: Patient backgrounds were comparable between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the surgical outcomes or short-term postoperative complications. The Pfannenstiel incision demonstrated advantages, including reduced postoperative pain at rest and during movement, and a lower incidence of incisional hernia (p = 0.038). Conclusions: Pfannenstiel incision is a safe and effective option associated with reduced postoperative pain and a lower risk of incisional hernia. Therefore, it can serve as a useful alternative for specimen extraction during minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery.
Optimizing Oilfield Produced Water Reuse for Sustainable Irrigation: Impacts on Soil Quality and Mineral Accumulation in Plants
Authors: Al-Jabri Khaled , Al-Busaidi Ahmed , Ahmed Mushtaque , Janke Rhonda , Stefanakis Alexandros
Published: February 2025

Effective management of produced water (PW), a by-product of oil extraction in Oman, is crucial for sustainable water use and environmental protection. PW contains petroleum residues, heavy met-als, and salts, requiring treatment before reuse. In the Nimr oil field, PW is partially treated through constructed wetlands with reed grass. This study evaluates the feasibility of reusing treated PW for irrigation by assessing its effects on soil quality and mineral accumulation in plants under different irrigation conditions. Field experiments were at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) and Nimr wet-lands treated PW (TDS ~6,500–7,000 mg/L) along with lower-salinity water sources. Soil amend-ments (biochar and gypsum) were tested for salinity mitigation. Results showed that PW irrigation significantly increased boron and major cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg) in soil and plant tissues, leading to higher soil salinity and potential decline in soil health. While biochar reduced boron levels, neither amendment improved plant growth or nutrient uptake. Plants irrigated with PW exhibited signs of salinity stress, including reduced leaf development and premature senescence. These findings highlight both the potential and challenges of PW reuse for irrigation. Adaptive irrigation strategies and soil management practices are essential to maximize benefits while mitigating long-term soil salinity risks.
Jean-Marie Souriau’s Symplectic Foliation Model of Sadi Carnot’s Thermodynamics
Authors: Barbaresco Frédéric
Published: February 2025

Thermodynamics explanations by Geometric model were initiated by all precursors Carnot, Gibbs, Duhem, Reeb and Carathéodory. It is only recently that Symplectic Foliation Model introduced in the domain of Geometric statistical Mechanics has given a geometric definition of Entropy as invariant Casimir function on Symplectic leaves (coadjoint orbit of the Lie Group acting on the system, where orbits are interpreted as level sets of Entropy). We give a symplectic foliation interpretation of Thermodynamics based on Jean-Marie Souriau’s "Lie Groups Thermodynamics". This model gives a Lie algebra cohomological characterization of Entropy, as an invariant Casimir function in coadjoint representation. The dual space of the Lie algebra foliates into coadjoint orbits identified with the Entropy level sets. In the framework of Thermodynamics, a dynamics on symplectic leaves, described by Poisson bracket, is associated to non-dissipative phenomenon, and on transversal Riemannian foliation (level sets of energy), dynamics characterized by metric bracket induce entropy production from symplective leaf to leaf. Souriau’s model is interpreted by Libermann's foliations, clarified as dual to Poisson -structure of Haefliger.
Improved Script Identification Algorithm Using Unicode-Based Regular Expression Matching Strategy
Authors: Qasim Mamtimin , Silamu Wushour
Published: February 2025

While script identification is the first step in many natural language processing and text mining tasks, at present, there is no open source script identification algorithm for text. For this reason, we analyze the Unicode encoding of each type of script and construct regular expressions in this study, in order to design an improved script Identification algorithm. As some scripts share common characters and punctuation, these should not be considered. As a result, some extracted scripts are incomplete, which affects subsequent text processing tasks; furthermore, if a new script identification feature is required, the regular expression for each script must be re-adjusted. To improve the performance and scalability of script identification, we analyze the encoding range of each script provided on the official Unicode website and identify the shared characters, allowing us to design an improved script identification algorithm. Using this approach, we can fully consider all 169 Unicode script types. The proposed method is scalable and does not require numbers, punctuation marks, or other symbols to be filtered during script identification; furthermore, these items in the text are also included in the script identification results, thus ensuring the integrity of the provided information. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs almost as well as our previous script identification algorithm while providing improvements on its basis.
Identification of microRNA-Controlled Regulatory Networks in the Sulfate Deficiency Response of Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Landaeta-Sepúlveda Diego , Johnson Nathan R. , Morales Jonathan , Tobar Mariola , Olivares-Yañez Consuelo , Sánchez Evelyn , Fernández José David , Medina Joaquín , Canales Javier , Vidal Elena A.
Published: February 2025

Sulfur is an essential element for biological molecules, with sulfate as the primary sulfur source for plants. Under sulfate-deficiency, plants undergo physiological, metabolic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional changes. Although Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) exhibits extensive transcriptome reprogramming during sulfate deficiency, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this response remains poorly explored. In this study, we analyzed miRNAs expression in tomato roots and leaves at 3- and 4-weeks post-sowing under sulfate-sufficient and sulfate-deficient conditions, leveraging a de novo annotation of miRNA genes in the SL4.0 genome. We identified several miRNAs showing tissue- and time-specific expression changes in response to sulfate deficiency, with a potential role in processes such as lignin, chlorophyll, and polysaccharides metabolism. Consistent with other plants, miR395 emerged as a key sulfur metabolism and transport regulator. Notably, we identified a novel miR395 target, SlERF2a, an Ethylene-Responsive Factor predicted to regulate numerous sulfate deficiency-responsive genes, including genes involved in plastid organization, detoxification, sulfur assimilation and starvation response. These results suggest a broader role for miR395 in sulfate-deficiency responses in tomato compared to other plants. This work provides new insights into the post-transcriptional regulation of sulfate-deficiency in tomato, providing an updated miRNA annotation for future studies on miRNA-mediated regulation in this relevant crop.
Comparison of the Polynomial Regression zonal estimation versus the Inverse Distance Weighting and Ordinary Kriging linear interpolator; case study in the Sava Depression Neogene sandstone, Croatia
Authors: Malvić Tomislav , Ivšinović Josip , Barudžija Uroš , Brajnović Ivana , Rudec Maria
Published: February 2025

Two reservoir's porosity datasets are mapped using the Polynomial Regression (zonal estimation), Inverse Distance Weighting and Ordinary Kriging (both are interpolations). Data are taken in the sandstone reservoirs named as "K" (19 data) and "L" (25 data), of the Lower Pontian age, and located in the Sava Depression, Croatia. Maps are compared using cross-validation, based on the mean square error, and visually inspecting the main map features. Datasets are considered as small ("K" reservoir) and large ("L" reservoir). In the "K" reservoir, the MSE values are 0.00119 for IDW vs. 0.5401 for PR. In the "L" res-ervoir the MSE are 0.000676 (OK) vs. 0.0401688 (PR). Zonal estimation obviously did not prove as primary mapping in the sets with about 20 data. The linear interpolator like the IDW or OK are much better choices, especially if spatial model can be reliably modelled, like in this case for porosity characterised with normal distribution, what favoured the OK. However, zonal interpolation can be useful addon in interpretation, especially in zones where interpolation is considering less reliable and transitional areas cannot be used as base for further development.
New Menthol-Based Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Tool for Lactic Acid Extraction
Authors: Ivanova Denitsa , Apostolov Apostol , Tuleshkov Pencho , Novakov Christo , Yankov Dragomir
Published: February 2025

In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have attracted a lot of attention as a substitute for current toxic organic solvents and can be applied in many chemical processes such as extraction and synthesis. Development of new deep eutectic solvents for use in the isolation of valuable biologically active substances with significant benefits for the health, the environment, and others are being investigated with increasing scientific interest. Deep eutectic solvents were prepared using menthol as a hydrogen bond donor and different tertiary amines as hydrogen bond acceptors by varying the ratio of the two constituents. The DES obtained were analyzed using densitometry, viscosimetry, IR, TGA, and DSC. The potential of the DES for extraction and re - extraction was evaluated with a water solution of lactic acid. All the DESs obtained are suitable for the extraction of lactic acid. Deep eutectic solvents based on menthol and DOA (2:1), TOA (2:1), TDDA (1:2) and THA (2:1) show highest results.
The Effects of Artificial Diets Containing Free Amino Acids Versus Intact Proteins on Biomarkers of Nutrition and Deformed Wing Virus Levels in the Honey Bee
Authors: Tapia-Rivera José Carlos , Tapia-González José María , Alburaki Mohamed , Chan Philene , Sanchez-Cordova Rogelio , Macías-Macías José Octavio , Corona Miguel
Published: February 2025

Pollen is bees' primary source of proteins. Using pollen substitutes could reduce colony losses in areas with limited floral resources. In this study, we compared the effects of pollen substitutes made from intact proteins versus free amino acids on bee survival, as well as the levels of vitellogenin (vg), major royal jelly protein 1 (mrjp1), and deformed wing virus (DWV). Our study revealed no significant differences in vg mRNA levels between bees-fed intact protein and free amino acid diets. However, mrjp1 mRNA levels were higher in bees-fed free amino acid diets, suggesting that the availability of amino acids affects the expression of this nutritionally regulated gene differently. Thus, the combined expression of vg and mrjp1 could be used to assess the nutritional value of different pollen substitutes. Our results also indicate that bees fed diets rich in free amino acids exhibited high levels of DWV and increased mortality during the first week, even though they showed high expression of genes related to good nutrition. In contrast, bees fed an intact protein diet showed the lowest DWV levels during the first two weeks, although viral infection increased afterward. These results suggest that ingested free amino acids are quickly absorbed in the intestine, transported in the hemolymph, and taken up by cells, where they can facilitate viral replication. On the other hand, ingested intact proteins may undergo slower digestion and gradual release of amino acids in the hemolymph, which may not trigger an overt DWV infection. Possible interactions among Varroa mites, DWV infection, and nutrition are also discussed.
Evaluation of Opportunity Costs in Cocoa Production in Three Ecological Zones in Ivory Coast
Authors: Konaté N'Golo , K. Kouakou Auguste , Ouattara Yaya , Jagoret Patrick , Yao S. S. Barima
Published: February 2025

This article examines production costs in cocoa farming in Ivory Coast, West Africa, taking opportunity costs into account. The data used come from surveys of 228 farmers in three areas of the country: Bonon, Soubré and Biankouma. The choice of these zones was based on an East-West gradient. The opportunity cost approach was used to estimate the cost of using family labor (FL) and land. Financial costs for the various production operations were also estimated. Comparative analyses between different localities and cropping systems were carried out to elucidate specificities in terms of workload. Finally, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to profile producers according to income level and associated profit. The results showed that FL is the main component of cocoa production costs. Prices paid to farmers do not always cover all production costs, and 38% of farmers produce at a loss. Production costs are contingent on agroecological zones. Moreover, agroforestry proved to be more economical in terms of labor than the full-sun system. These results underline the importance of taking opportunity costs into account when assessing production costs and setting cocoa prices. This could lead to a revision of pricing mechanisms to ensure fair remuneration for FL.
A Systematic Review and Evolutionary Analysis of Optimization Techniques and Software Tools in Hybrid Microgrid Systems
Authors: Tahir Kawakib Arar
Published: February 2025

This study presents a systematic review and analysis of optimization techniques (OT) and software tools (ST) in Hybrid Microgrid Systems (HMGS). An advanced SCOPUS search was conducted using core keywords, including microgrids, renewable energy systems, and various OT and ST. The review analyzes 4,134 documents on OT, categorizing them into classical (16.87%), metaheuristic (47.12%), and artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods (36.01%). Metaheuristic techniques dominate the field, reflecting their adaptability and effectiveness, while AI-based methods are rapidly gaining prominence for addressing complex optimization challenges, including operational uncertainties, cost efficiency, and energy reliability. Additionally, 2,667 documents on ST reveal MATLAB/Simulink as the most widely used, accounting for 65.34% of the total, followed by HOMER at 22.08%. These tools are pivotal in enabling techno-economic analysis, system design, and optimization under diverse scenarios. By highlighting trends, leading contributors, and knowledge gaps, this study provides a comprehensive resource to guide innovation in HMGS, fostering sustainable energy integration and addressing global energy challenges.
Development of Artificial Rubber Muscle Capable of Human-Like Pulling Motion
Authors: Kadowaki Jun ,   Editorial Office, Sasaki Daisuke , Yase Hayato , Harada Kaisei , Shobako Shinichiro
Published: February 2025

Wearable power-assisted robots driven by artificial rubber muscles should be designed with a wide range of assistance capabilities to support various tasks while minimizing the sense of restraint when worn. Ideally, to realize a compact and lightweight power-assisted robot, the size of the artificial rubber muscle should be maintained while increasing the amount of movement. This study aims to develop an artificial rubber muscle that can achieve a wide range of assistance through rope-based force transmission. An artificial rubber muscle is proposed that can transmit force through a human-like pulling motion using a rope. This McKibben-type artificial rubber muscle is enhanced with a power transmission mechanism. The proposed artificial muscle has two layers: an inner layer that is deformed by air pressure to grasp the rope and an outer layer that pulls the rope by contraction. Each layer moves stepwise by supplying compressed air to realize the pulling motion of the rope. In this study, a prototype of the proposed artificial muscle was fabricated, and its operational principle was confirmed experimentally. Additionally, the force transmission performance was verified by comparing the contraction force of the artificial muscle with the tensile force of the rope.
Gramscian Theories of Hegemony: Class Politics Eclipsed?
Authors: Küçük Mustafa
Published: February 2025

Gramsci's concept of hegemony remains a highly contested topic, sparking a diverse body of literature that debates its historical, political, and theoretical relevance. This paper focuses on the theoretical debates surrounding hegemony, examining three key Gramscian frameworks: dominant ideology, discourse theory, and the neo-Gramscian approach in International Relations (IR) and International Political Economy (IPE). The central concern is how class and class struggle, central to Gramsci’s original concept, have been marginalized or eclipsed in these interpretations. The paper argues that class struggle is often substituted with ideology, culture, and discourse in both theoretical frameworks and concrete analyses of hegemony, which limits the understanding of contemporary politics despite claims to the contrary. This shift toward the ideational and consensual aspects of hegemony results in a limited theorization, offering a one-sided and partial view that leaves aside its structural, material, and coercive dimensions. By critically engaging with these approaches, the paper highlights the need to reintegrate class struggle into contemporary Gramscian theories, allowing a comprehensive understanding of hegemony to address the evolving, structural and class-based dynamics of politics in both national and global contexts.
Liderazgo femenino y su impacto en el aprendizaje organizacional en empresas de Lima - Perú 2024
Authors:   , Quispe Ubilla Ana Sofia , Valenzuela Yllanes Frank Michael
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, empleando un diseño no experimental, de tipo explicativo y un alcance transversal, siendo una investigación de tipo básica, ya que está orientada a generar conocimiento fundamental que contribuirá tanto a futuras investigaciones como a aplicaciones prácticas.
Esta investigación analiza dos variables principales: Liderazgo femenino (V1) y la Aprendizaje organizacional (V2). El liderazgo femenino se evalúa a través de tres dimensiones: desarrollo personal, relaciones interpersonales y liderazgo estratégico. Por otro lado, el aprendizaje organizacional se mide mediante las dimensiones de cultura de aprendizaje, trabajo en equipo y empoderamiento y conexión. Se recopilaron datos de 200 trabajadores del ámbito empresarial y se aplicó el modelo de regresión logística ordinal para evaluar el efecto de las variables, los coeficientes de cada regresión por variable independiente fueron significativos (0.00 p<0.05). La presente investigación evidenció la aceptación de la hipótesis general, es decir que el liderazgo femenino impacta significativamente en el aprendizaje organizacional, de empresas de Lima – Perú, 2024, fueron reflejados en el modelo de regresión logística ordinal, el cual dio como resultado un 58,2%; lo cual indica que existen otros aspectos que influyen en el aprendizaje organizacional como la autonomía y la toma de decisiones informadas. Además, se observa que el liderazgo femenino fomenta una visión transformadora y es fundamental para el desarrollo socioeconómico y el aprendizaje organizacional.
Impact of thiamin supplementation on thiamin pyrophosphate effect and cardiac function in pediatric heart disease patients on diuretics: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sumboonnanonda Rathaporn , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Saengpanit Puthita , Srisa Chatchawan , Chotipanang Kwanjai , Junnu Sarawut , Kunnangja Supawan , Rukprayoon Hathaichanok , Phuangphan Phakkanan , Suiwongsa Bordeesuda , Liammongkolkul Sompong , Laohathai Phakwan , Densupsoontorn Narumon
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:
Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin essential for energy metabolism. Patients on long-term diuretics, particularly those with heart disease, are at risk of thiamin deficiency (TD) due to increased urinary loss, which may impact cardiac function. We evaluated changes in thiamin pyrophosphate effect (TPPE) values after 4 weeks of thiamin supplementation compared to placebo in pediatric heart disease patients receiving diuretics. The secondary objectives included assessing changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and identifying factors associated with TPPE changes.
Methods
In this triple-blinded, randomized controlled trial, we recruited 45 children (aged 1 month to 15 years) with heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow or congestive heart failure, all on diuretics for ≥ 1 month. Participants were randomly allocated to receive thiamin 25 mg/day, thiamin 50 mg/day, or placebo for 4 weeks. TD was defined as TPPE values ≥ 15%.
Results
At baseline, 9 of 45 participants (20%) had TD. After 4 weeks, no significant differences in changes in TPPE values or LVEF were observed among the three groups (all p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that furosemide dosage was independently associated with TPPE changes (β: +0.36, p = 0.015), indicating a dose-dependent association with thiamin status.
Conclusions
Thiamin supplementation at 25 mg/day or 50 mg/day did not significantly improve TPPE values or LVEF. However, furosemide dosage correlated with TPPE changes, indicating a need for tailored thiamin supplementation strategies in pediatric heart disease patients on diuretics. For those with TD, doses exceeding 50 mg/day may be necessary.
Trial registration number:
NCT03989700 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Date of registration: 18/06/2019.
High-Throughput Mapping of Synaptic Connectome with Single-Cell Spatial Resolution
Authors: Xu Hua-tai , Zhu Yi-jun , Wang Ya-qian
Published: February 2025

Mapping neural connectivity requires spatial precision unattainable by conventional barcode sequencing. We developed CASS (Combination of Artificial Short Sequences) barcodes—error-resistant molecular tags optimized for in situ hybridization—and integrated them with rabies virus monosynaptic tracing. This synergy enables histological connectome mapping via FISH-based decoding, preserving anatomical context while achieving single-cell resolution. Applied to the primary visual cortex, we identified 1,532 spatially resolved synaptic pairs across three mice, revealing: 1) layer-specific intracortical connectivity patterns, and 2) topographically organized thalamocortical projections. The platform's throughput capacity allows parallel tracing of multiple neural populations, overcoming spatial disassociation limitations of sequencing-based methods. By combining viral tracing scalability with histological validation, our framework supports quantitative analysis of connectivity motifs in intact tissues at micron resolution. This advance provides a critical tool for investigating structure-function relationships in neural circuits, particularly where spatial organization underpins computational functions.