bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geologically Diverse Pluto and Charon: Implications for the Dwarf Planets of the Kuiper Belt
Authors: Moore Jeffrey M. , McKinnon William B.
Published: December 2020

Pluto and Charon are strikingly diverse in their range of geologies, surface compositions, and crater retention ages. This is despite the two having similar densities and presumed bulk compositions. Much of Pluto's surface reflects surface-atmosphere interactions and the mobilization of volatile ices by insolation. Abundant evidence, including past and present N2 ice glacial activity, implies that Pluto has undergone substantial climate evolution. An ancient impact basin contains a massive, convectively overturning N2 ice reservoir, whose position and surrounding tectonics suggest a subsurface ocean. Aligned blades of methane ice hundreds of meters tall, found only at high altitude, likely cover much of Pluto's low latitudes and may be a consequence of obliquity variation–driven volatile migration. Multikilometer-high possible cryovolcanic constructs and apparent fissure eruptions indicate relatively late endogenic activity on Pluto. Pluto's range of surface ages is extreme, whereas Charon's surface, while old, displays a large resurfaced plain and a globally engirdling extensional tectonic network attesting to earlier endogenic vigor. ▪  The vast N2 ice sheet Sputnik Planitia controls Pluto's atmosphere and climate, comparable in importance with the role of Greenland and Antarctica on the climate of Earth. ▪  Spectacular evidence for erosion such as now-unoccupied glacial valley networks implies a vigorous early climate, and more widespread N2 ice glaciation, on Pluto. ▪  Geological activity on both bodies requires or required sustained internal heat release and suggests a past (Charon) or present (Pluto) ammoniated, subsurface ocean. ▪  The varieties of geologic experience witnessed on Pluto and Charon should play out among the many and varied dwarf planets of the Kuiper belt.
The Information View of Financial Crises
Authors: Dang Tri Vi , Gorton Gary , Holmström Bengt
Published: December 2020

Short-term debt that can serve as a medium of exchange is designed to be information insensitive. No one should be tempted to acquire private information to gain an informational advantage in trading that could destabilize the value of the debt. Short-term debt minimizes the incentive to acquire information among all securities of equal value backed by the same underlying asset. Moreover, backing short-term debt with debt (i.e., using debt as collateral) minimizes information sensitivity across all types of collateral with equal value. These features are consistent with financial crises occurring periodically. In the information view adopted here, a financial crisis can occur when the collateral backing the short-term debt is thought to have lost enough value to raise doubts among the traders that some may acquire private information. In a crisis, there is a shift from information-insensitive to information-sensitive debt.
Red Light Exposure Delays Appearance and Aroma Deterioration of Fresh-Cut Watermelon during Retail Display
Authors: Shi Yue , Wang Yubin , Ma Yue , Xu Yong , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Chao
Published: December 2020

Appearance and aroma deterioration are the main concerns during the retail display of fresh-cut watermelons. Here, fresh-cut watermelons were exposed to the red, green, blue, and conventional white light at 4°C for 4 days, respectively, and their resulting qualities were compared with the conventional white light as the control. Specifically, the red light presented its maximum emissions in 620–650 nm with a purity of 100% and an intensity of 1104.7 lux. The red light exposure reduced the weight loss to 1.81%, which was reduced by 51.1% of the control. The red light exposure reduced the color difference of the fruit surface significantly as well as maintaining its redness. The water-soaking ratio of the red light exposure was also reduced by 62.8% of the control. Moreover, the red light exposure delayed the aroma deterioration, which resulted from both microbial metabolism and the self-metabolism of volatiles of the fresh-cut watermelon. In summary, the red light exposure was better to delay the appearance and aroma deterioration of fresh-cut watermelons than the conventional white light during their retail display.
Best Proximity Point Theorems forG,D-Proximal Geraghty Maps inJS-Metric Spaces
Authors: Charoensawan Phakdi , Chaobankoh Tanadon
Published: December 2020

We studyG,D-proximal Geraghty contractions in aJS-metric spaceXendowed with graphG.We obtain some best proximity theorems for such contractions. An example and several consequences are given. As a consequence of our results, we also provide the best proximity point results inXendowed with a binary relation.
Log Pattern Mining for Distributed System Maintenance
Authors: Chen Jia , Wang Peng , Du Shiqing , Wang Wei
Published: December 2020

Due to the complexity of the network structure, log analysis is usually necessary for the maintenance of network-based distributed systems since logs record rich information about the system behaviors. In recent years, numerous works have been proposed for log analysis; however, they ignore temporal relationships between logs. In this paper, we target on the problem of mining informative patterns from temporal log data. We propose an approach to discover sequential patterns from event sequences with temporal regularities. Discovered patterns are useful for engineers to understand the behaviors of a network-based distributed system. To solve the well-known problem of pattern explosion, we resort to the minimum description length (MDL) principle and take a step forward in summarizing the temporal relationships between adjacent events of a pattern. Experiments on real log datasets prove the efficiency and effectiveness of our method.
Intrascleral Suture Anchoring: A Flapless/Grooveless Four-Point Intraocular Lens Fixation Technique
Authors: Hu Xin , Zhao Bo , Jin Haiying
Published: December 2020

Purpose. We describe a minimally invasive suture fixation technique for four-point fixation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the treatment of aphakic eyes, namely, the intrascleral suture anchoring technique. Neither scleral flaps nor large conjunctival dissections are required. Methods. This study included 11 eyes (11 patients). After looping the eyelets on the IOL haptics and externalizing the threads, the curved needle attached to the externalized thread was started with two sequential intrascleral passes from the first fixation point to reach the second fixation point. The same procedure was performed for the other side of the IOL. A fixation knot was created in the sclerotomy by the two ends of the thread to close the suture loop for IOL fixation. Another knot was created about 2 to 3 mm from the exiting point and was intrasclerally anchored by the aid of the attached curved needle. Results. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 9.7 ± 5.8 months (range 5–15 months). The IOLs of all eyes remained well positioned and stable postoperatively. The postoperative visual acuities were improved. No suture erosion, suture loosening, hypotony, scleral atrophy, chronic inflammation, retinal tear, and/or detachment were observed within the follow-up period. Conclusion. The present technique is an alternative, flapless method for the four-point suture fixation of IOLs. It provides both minimal surgical trauma and reliable stability.
Seroprevalence of Antitransglutaminase and Antiendomysium Antibodies in Adult Colombian Blood Bank Donors
Authors: Paredes-Echeverri Sara , Rodríguez Ayda N. , Cárdenas Wilmer A. , Mendoza de Molano Belén , González John M.
Published: December 2020

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy induced by the ingestion of gluten from wheat, barley, and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. The global prevalence of CD is 1.4%. However, most of the prevalence studies have been conducted in Caucasian populations; few studies have been performed in Latin America. The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of auto-antibodies used as markers for CD in a Colombian cohort. In this cross-sectional study, the serum samples from Colombian donors of the National Red Cross Blood Bank were collected between June and September 2017 in Bogotá, Colombia. All sera were tested for IgA antitissue transglutaminase (TTG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seropositive sera were tested for IgA antiendomysium (EMA) using indirect immunofluorescence assay. The ancestral genetic composition was determined in donor samples with antibody assay reactivity. Those with two seroreactive assays were typed for HLA class II DQ2 and DQ8. In total, 228 blood donors participated in the study. Among them, 113 were females (49.56%) with an average age of 31.63 years (SD ± 12.99); males had an average of 34.71 years (SD ± 13.01). Only 3 (1.31%) donors reported chronic diarrhea and nonintentional weight loss; 11 (4.82%) had a family history of CD. For the serological assays, 11 donors (4.82%) were seroreactive to IgA anti-TTG: 3 had high reactivity and 8 had low reactivity. Of those seroreactive to IgA anti-TTG, 3 (1.32%) were also seroreactive to anti-EMA, and they were typed as HLA-DQ8 or HLA-DQ2. The baseline ancestral percentage of the seroreactive donors was higher for European and Native American than for African genes. The seroprevalence for anti-TTG and anti-EMA with the presence of HLA-DQ8 and HLA-DQ2 was 1.32%. Additionally, 4.82% donor participants were reactive only for anti-TTG. Compared with other studies, our findings suggest that Colombia has a high prevalence of CD markers.
Stochastically Globally Exponential Stability of Stochastic Impulsive Differential Systems with Discrete and Infinite Distributed Delays Based on Vector Lyapunov Function
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Zhu Quanxin
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with stochastically globally exponential stability (SGES) for stochastic impulsive differential systems (SIDSs) with discrete delays (DDs) and infinite distributed delays (IDDs). By using vector Lyapunov function (VLF) and average dwell-time (ADT) condition, we investigate the unstable impulsive dynamics and stable impulsive dynamics of the suggested system, and some novel stability criteria are obtained for SIDSs with DDs and IDDs. Moreover, our results allow the discrete delay term to be coupled with the nondelay term, and the infinite distributed delay term to be coupled with the nondelay term. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of our theories.
Reconstruction of Bony Defects after Tumor Resection with 3D‐Printed Anatomically Conforming Pelvic Prostheses through a Novel Treatment Strategy
Authors: Peng Wei , Zheng Runlong , Wang Hongmei , Huang Xunwu
Published: December 2020

There has been an increasing interest and enormous applications in three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology and its prosthesis, driving many orthopaedic surgeons to solve the difficult problem of bony defects and explore new ways in surgery approach. However, the most urgent problem is without an effective prosthesis and standard treatment strategy. In order to resolve these problems, this study was performed to explore the use of a 3D‐printed anatomically conforming pelvic prosthesis for bony defect reconstruction following tumor resection and to describe a detailed treatment flowchart and the selection of a surgical approach. Six patients aged 48‐69 years who had undergone pelvic tumor resection underwent reconstruction using 3D‐printed anatomically conforming pelvic prostheses according to individualized bony defects between March 2016 and June 2018. According to the Enneking and Dunham classification, two patients with region I+II tumor involvement underwent reconstruction using the pubic tubercle‐anterior superior iliac spine approach and the lateral auxiliary approach and one patient with region II+III and three patients with region I+II+III tumor involvement underwent reconstruction using the pubic tubercle‐posterior superior iliac spine approach. The diagnoses were chondrosarcoma and massive osteolysis. After a mean follow‐up duration of 30.33 ± 9.89 months (range, 18‐42), all patients were alive, without evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases. The average blood loss and blood transfusion volumes during surgery were 2500.00 ± 1461.51 ml (range, 1200‐5000) and 2220.00 ± 1277.62 ml (range, 800‐4080), respectively. During follow‐up, the mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score decreased, and the mean Harris hip score increased. There were no signs of hip dislocation, prosthetic loosening, delayed wound healing, or periprosthetic infection. This preliminary study suggests the clinical effectiveness of 3D‐printed anatomically conforming pelvic prostheses to reconstruct bony defects and provide anatomical support for pelvic organs. A new surgical approach that can be used to expose and facilitate the installation of 3D‐printed prostheses and a new treatment strategy are presented. Further studies with a longer follow‐up duration and larger sample size are needed to confirm these encouraging results.
Evaluation Index System for Agricultural Water Management in Targeted Poverty Alleviation Based on 3E Model
Authors: Chen Yingfeng , Zhu Shuyang , Fan Ming
Published: December 2020

Agricultural water management provides the basic support and guarantee for targeted poverty alleviation. This paper presents a 3E + 1 evaluation model for the performance of agricultural water management in targeted poverty alleviation based on 3E theory, which is more scientific, reasonable, and reliable. On this basis, an evaluation index system including three levels of indicators is designed, and the weight of each evaluation index and performance evaluation model is determined. A case study of a county in the old district of Maoshan in Jiangsu province was conducted using the proposed evaluation theory and methods. The results show that the overall performance of agricultural water management for targeted poverty alleviation in this area was good but needs more improvement in innovation. The evaluation results are roughly consistent with the evaluations of higher authorities, experts, and scholars, which proves that the evaluation system is scientific and reasonable.
Research on Fault Activation Law in Deep Mining Face and Mechanism of Rockburst Induced by Fault Activation
Authors: Pengfei Lyu , Xinyang Bao , Gang Lyu , Xuehua Chen
Published: December 2020

To effectively monitor and control the severe mining‐induced rockburst in deep fault area, the fault activation law and the mechanical essence of rockburst induced by crossing fault mining were studied through theoretical analysis, microseismic monitoring, field investigation, and other methods; numerical simulation was employed to verify the obtained fault activation law and the mechanical nature. First, the distribution of microseismic sources at different mining locations and the fault activation degree were analyzed. According to the microseismic frequency and the characteristics of the energy stage, the fault activation degree was divided into three stages: fault stress transfer, fault pillar stress behavior, and fault structure activation. It was determined that the impact disaster risk was the strongest in the stage of the fault pillar stress behavior. Based on the periodic appearance law of microseisms in fault area, three types of conceptual models of fault‐type rockburst were proposed, and the rockburst carrier system model of “roof‐coal seam‐floor” in the fault area was established. The mechanical essence of fault‐type rockburst was obtained as follows: under the action of fault structure, the static load of the fault coal pillar was increased and superimposed with the active dynamic load of the fault, leading to high‐strength impact disaster. Finally, the prevention and treatment concepts of fault‐type rockburst were proposed. The monitoring and prevention measures of fault‐type rockburst were taken from two aspects: the monitoring and characterization of fault rockburst and weakening control of the high static load of the fault coal pillar and dynamic load of fault activation. The proposed concepts and technical measures have been verified in the working face 14310 of Dongtan Coal Mine with sound results. The research results have a guiding significance for the prevention and control of rockburst in a similar mining face under crossing fault mining.
Experimental Study on the Fracture Evolution Processof Rock‐like Specimens Containing a Closed RoughJoint Based on 3D‐Printing Technology
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Su Haijian , Jing Hongwen , Hu Chengguo , Yin Qian
Published: December 2020

In order to overcome the disadvantage of traditional joint fabrication method—inability to reproduce the rough surfaces of practical rock joints—3D‐printing technology was applied to restructure five kinds of rough joint according to the failure surface formed by the triaxial prepeak unloading test in this study. And uniaxial compression test was carried out on the rock‐like specimens containing closed 3D‐printing rough joint to study the effects of joint inclination and joint length on the mechanical properties (peak strength, peak strain, elastic modulus, and secant modulus), cracking process, and failure modes. Besides, digital image correlation (DIC) method and acoustic emission (AE) system are used to investigate the whole evolution process of strain fields and crack propagation during loading. It is found that the mechanical parameters decrease first and then go up as the joint inclination increases, while presenting a continuous downward trend with the increase of joint length. Inclination of 45° and the larger joint length bring more extensive reduction to mechanical properties of specimens. Specimens exhibit typical brittle failure characteristics. The failure mode of specimens affected by different joint inclination is tension‐shear failure. And the joint scale rises; the failure mode of specimens changes from tensile failure to shear failure. Larger joint scale results in the longer prepeak fluctuation phase on axial stress‐strain curves and more dispersed distribution of high‐value AE counts.
Blind Photograph Watermarking with Robust Defocus-Based JND Model
Authors: Wang Chunxing , Li Xiaoxiao , Xu Meiling , Wang Jun , Wan Wenbo
Published: December 2020

Just noticeable distortion (JND) is widely employed to describe the perception redundancy in the quantization-based watermarking framework. However, the existing JND models are generally constructed to treat every region of the photograph with an equal focus level, whereas the defocus effect has never been considered. In this paper, the defocus feature, which can portray the aesthetic emphasis in the photograph, is provided to improve the perceptual JND model. Firstly, two indicators which consider the block energy in the defocus measurement (DM) are proposed. Then, the defocus feature map (DFM) is obtained by integrating the influence of the circumambient blocks, and it is applied to the proposed JND contrast masking (CM) processing. In this way, a new blind photograph watermarking method, with emphasis on defocus-JND estimation combined with the proposed CM, is presented. Simulations show that the proposed JND is more suitable for watermarking framework than some exiting JND models, and the proposed watermarking scheme with the improved defocus-based JND model has superior robustness compared with some watermarking schemes.
The Interval Parameter Optimization Model Based on Three-Way Decision Space and Its Application on “Green Products Recommendation”
Authors: Li Mingxia , Chen Kebing , Liu Caiyun , Liu Baoxiang
Published: December 2020

The interval concept lattice theory, a new method of mining objects based on interval parameters, can more accurately deal with uncertain information than the classical concept lattice theory. The optimization of interval parameters has been a problem that is not well solved. From the perspective of three-way decision space, we first combine the theories of interval concept lattice and three-way decision and then put forward interval three-way decision space theory; second, in the interval three-way decision space, the positive region, negative region, and boundary region are divided by extension of interval three-way decision concept; further, the decision loss function and three-way decision rules are extracted. Through adjusting interval parameters of the lattice structure, we could find that when parameter

α

is roughly 0.6, more credible decision rules will be mined and decision-making becomes more clear than that under the condition

α

is less than 0.6; finally, we verify the model by a “Green Products Recommendation” example.
Preclinical Applications of Multi-Platform Imaging in Animal Models of Cancer
Authors: Serkova Natalie J. , Glunde Kristine , Haney Chad R. , Farhoud Mohammed , De Lille Alexandra , Redente Elizabeth F. , Simberg Dmitri , Westerly David C. , Griffin Lynn , Mason Ralph P.
Published: December 2020

In animal models of cancer, oncologic imaging has evolved from a simple assessment of tumor location and size to sophisticated multimodality exploration of molecular, physiologic, genetic, immunologic, and biochemical events at microscopic to macroscopic levels, performed noninvasively and sometimes in real time. Here, we briefly review animal imaging technology and molecular imaging probes together with selected applications from recent literature. Fast and sensitive optical imaging is primarily used to track luciferase-expressing tumor cells, image molecular targets with fluorescence probes, and to report on metabolic and physiologic phenotypes using smart switchable luminescent probes. MicroPET/single-photon emission CT have proven to be two of the most translational modalities for molecular and metabolic imaging of cancers: immuno-PET is a promising and rapidly evolving area of imaging research. Sophisticated MRI techniques provide high-resolution images of small metastases, tumor inflammation, perfusion, oxygenation, and acidity. Disseminated tumors to the bone and lung are easily detected by microCT, while ultrasound provides real-time visualization of tumor vasculature and perfusion. Recently available photoacoustic imaging provides real-time evaluation of vascular patency, oxygenation, and nanoparticle distributions. New hybrid instruments, such as PET-MRI, promise more convenient combination of the capabilities of each modality, enabling enhanced research efficacy and throughput.
FGFR Inhibition Overcomes Resistance to EGFR-targeted Therapy in Epithelial-like Cutaneous Carcinoma
Authors: Bernat-Peguera Adrià , Navarro-Ventura Juan , Lorenzo-Sanz Laura , da Silva-Diz Victoria , Bosio Mattia , Palomero Luis , Penin Rosa M. , Pérez Sidelnikova Diana , Bermejo Josep Oriol , Taberna Miren , Vilariño Noelia , Piulats Josep M. , Mesia Ricard , Viñals Joan Maria , González-Suárez Eva , Capella-Gutierrez Salvador , Villanueva Alberto , Viñals Francesc , Muñoz Purificación
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Recurrent and/or metastatic unresectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) are treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but have poor clinical responses. A limited response (up to 45% of cases) to EGFR-targeted therapies was observed in clinical trials with patients with advanced and metastatic cSCC. Here, we analyze the molecular traits underlying the response to EGFR inhibitors, and the mechanisms responsible for cSCC resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy.

Experimental Design:

We generated primary cell cultures and patient cSCC–derived xenografts (cSCC-PDXs) that recapitulate the histopathologic and molecular features of patient tumors. Response to gefitinib treatment was tested and gefitinib-resistant (GefR) cSCC-PDXs were developed. RNA sequence analysis was performed in matched untreated and GefR cSCC-PDXs to determine the mechanisms driving gefitinib resistance.

Results:

cSCCs conserving epithelial traits exhibited strong activation of EGFR signaling, which promoted tumor cell proliferation, in contrast to mesenchymal-like cSCCs. Gefitinib treatment strongly blocked epithelial-like cSCC-PDX growth in the absence of EGFR and RAS mutations, whereas tumors carrying the E545K PIK3CA-activating mutation were resistant to treatment. A subset of initially responding tumors acquired resistance after long-term treatment, which was induced by the bypass from EGFR to FGFR signaling to allow tumor cell proliferation and survival upon gefitinib treatment. Pharmacologic inhibition of FGFR signaling overcame resistance to EGFR inhibitor, even in PIK3CA-mutated tumors.

Conclusions:

EGFR-targeted therapy may be appropriate for treating many epithelial-like cSCCs without PIK3CA-activating mutations. Combined EGFR- and FGFR-targeted therapy may be used to treat cSCCs that show intrinsic or acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors.
Phase I and Pharmacologic Study of Olaparib in Combination with High-dose Radiotherapy with and without Concurrent Cisplatin for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: de Haan Rosemarie , van den Heuvel Michel M. , van Diessen Judi , Peulen Heike M.U. , van Werkhoven Erik , de Langen Adrianus J. , Lalezari Ferry , Pluim Dick , Verwijs-Janssen Manon , Vens Conchita , Schellens Jan H.M. , Steeghs Neeltje , Verheij Marcel , van Triest Baukelien
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To identify an MTD of olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, in combination with loco-regional radiotherapy with/without cisplatin for the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods:

Olaparib dose was escalated in two groups: radiotherapy (66 Gy/24 fractions in 2.75 Gy/fraction) with and without daily cisplatin (6 mg/m2), using time-to-event continual reassessment method with a 1-year dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) period. The highest dose level with a DLT probability <15% was defined as MTD. Poly ADP-ribose (PAR) inhibition and radiation-induced PAR-ribosylation (PARylation) were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Results:

Twenty-eight patients with loco-regional or oligometastatic disease (39%) were treated: 11 at olaparib 25 mg twice daily and 17 at 25 mg once daily. The lowest dose level with cisplatin was above the MTD due to hematologic and late esophageal DLT. The MTD without cisplatin was olaparib 25 mg once daily. At a latency of 1–2.8 years, severe pulmonary adverse events (AE) were observed in 5 patients across all dose levels, resulting in 18% grade 5 pulmonary AEs. Exploratory analyses indicate an association with the radiation dose to the lungs. At the MTD, olaparib reduced PAR levels by more than 95% and abolished radiation-induced PARylation. Median follow-up of survivors was 4.1 years. Two-year loco-regional control was 84%, median overall survival in patients with locally advanced NSCLC was 28 months.

Conclusions:

Combined mildly hypofractionated radiotherapy and low-dose daily cisplatin and olaparib was not tolerable due to esophageal and hematologic toxicity. Severe pulmonary toxicity was observed as well, even without cisplatin. More conformal radiotherapy schedules with improved pulmonary and esophageal sparing should be explored.
Recent Practice Patterns and Variations in Children Hospitalized for Asthma Exacerbation in Japan
Authors: Okubo Yusuke , Horimukai Kenta , Michihata Nobuaki , Morita Kojiro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: December 2020

Background: High antibiotic prescribing rates for adults with an asthma exacerbation have been reported in developed countries, but few studies have assessed the variation of antibiotic and adjunctive treatment in the routine care of children. Objective: We evaluated the trends in health resource utilization for children hospitalized for asthma exacerbation, ascertained the variations of practices across hospitals and geographic location, and classified these different patterns at hospital levels. Methods: Using data on Japanese children hospitalized for asthma exacerbation with no indication of bacterial infection during 2010–2018, we conducted a retrospective observational study to assess the trends in initial treatment patterns and their variations. Mixed-effect generalized linear models were used to investigate the treatment trends. Hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to classify the treatment variations across hospitals. Results: Overall, 54,981 children were eligible for the study. Proportions of antibiotic use decreased from 47.2% in 2010 to 26.9% in 2018. Similarly, utilization of antitussives, antihistamines, and methylxanthine showed decreasing trends over the period, whereas the use of mucolytics and ambroxol increased. These treatment variations were more considerable in hospital levels than in 47 prefecture levels. Hierarchical cluster analyses classified these patterns into 6 groups, mostly based on mediator release inhibitor, ambroxol, and antitussives. Conclusions: Wide variations in antibiotics and adjunctive treatments were observed across hospital levels. Our findings support the improvement in reducing inappropriate antibiotic use and highlight the need for comparative effectiveness research of the adjunctive treatments among children hospitalized for asthma.
How to Become a Young Jewish Socialist Martyr in Interwar Poland: The Tsukunft Youth Movement and Its Politics of Memory
Authors: Kozłowska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

There is no doubt that “new Jewish politics” flourished in interwar Poland. Youth movements played a very important part in that phenomenon. All of them were attuned to the Zeitgeist of the time, being convinced that Jews needed to be transformed in order to create a better future. Tsukunft, the youth movement associated with the Bund, was not unique in this regard. However, it offered a vision of the new man and woman which was slightly different than its Zionist counterparts. This paper focuses on the politics of memory of this Jewish socialist movement. Furthermore, the article illustrates that the Tsukunfist lexicon of myths was drawn not from Jewish cultural tradition but from an already developed socialist tradition of iconography and ideological education.
The Cinema Context Database on Film Exhibition and Distribution in the Netherlands: A Critical Guide
Authors: van Oort Thunnis , Noordegraaf Julia
Published: December 2020

Cinema Context is an online database for researching the history of cinema exhibition and distribution in the Netherlands. It contains structured information on venues, persons and companies involved in the dissemination of film from the late nineteenth century until the present day, with an emphasis on the first half of the twentieth century. Aim of this paper is to document and critically reflect on the creation of the database and account for and motivate the choices made in constructing the data model and collecting the data.
Electoral Rules and Trade Policy
Authors: yang Ilseok
Published: December 2020

This paper analyses the trade policies in the voting equilibria under different rules in a small open economy with a fixed factor of production. Specifically, we consider an economy in which economic rents exist in the long run due to a fixed supply of the factor of production. In this economy, each voter has its own share of the factor of production. We find that the equilibrium trade policy under proportional elections depends on the sum of the product of each group’s density and the group’s share of the product of factor, and is also affected by parameters under some conditions. However, under majoritarian elections, trade policy in equilibrium depends only on the middle group’s fraction of the specific factor if the middle-share group is dominant in one of the districts.
Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) IX. The maculosa species-group, with descriptions of eighteen new species
Authors: WANG SHUXIA , LIU CHEN
Published: December 2020

The maculosa species-group of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 is proposed based on the features of the forewing pattern. Members of this group have a white speckle in the forewing cell and usually with more than eight white markings distributed mostly at or above the fold and along the dorsal margin. Eighteen new species are described: P. coloristigmosa sp. nov., P. cruciata sp. nov., P. lateridentalis sp. nov., P. latispinata sp. nov., P. lonchodes sp. nov., P. magnispina sp. nov., P. plicata sp. nov., P. bomiensis sp. nov., P. fasciserrata sp. nov., P. brevipalpa sp. nov., P. libona sp. nov., P. medilargissima sp. nov., P. ramivalvata sp. nov., P. aculeiformis sp. nov., P. apicitriangula sp. nov., P. curvispinosa sp. nov., P. medimacularis sp. nov., and P. serraticostalis sp. nov. Photographs of adults and genitalia of the new species are provided. A total of 50 species of the maculosa species-group are listed, including 32 previously known species.
An annotated catalogue of the genus Tachysphex Kohl, 1883 of Iran (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae)
Authors: REZAEI SHOHREH , FALLAHZADEH MAJID , SAGHAEI NAZILA , SADEGHI MARYAM
Published: December 2020

An annotated list of Iranian digger wasps of the genus Tachysphex Kohl, 1883 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae) is presented based on the material collected in the southern part of the country and on data published from the period 1933-March 2020 (87 years). In all, 46 species of eight species-groups are documented (T. persa has two subspecies: T. persa persa Gussakovskij, 1933 and T. persa nigripes Pulawski, 1967). Of the eight species-groups, the pompiliformis species-group (17 species) and the panzer species-group (11 species) are the most species-rich, whereas the brevipennis species-group is represented by only one species. The following three species are newly recorded from Iran, all from Fars Province: T. helveticus Kohl, 1885, T. melas Kohl, 1898 and T. palopterus (Dahlbom, 1845). About 19 (41.30%) of the species included here are exclusively Palaearctic, whereas 15 species (32.61%) have wider distributions in the Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental zoogeographic regions. Neighboring countries have many species that overlap with the Iranian Tachysphex fauna; Iran shares 36 species (78.20%) with Turkey, 28 species (60.86%) with Turkmenistan and 18 species (39.13%) with United Arab Emirates.
Future Changes in Seasonality in East Africa from Regional Simulations with Explicit and Parameterized Convection
Authors: Wainwright Caroline M. , Marsham John H. , Rowell David P. , Finney Declan L. , Black Emily
Published: December 2020

The East African precipitation seasonal cycle is of significant societal importance, and yet the current generation of coupled global climate models fails to correctly capture this seasonality. The use of convective parameterization schemes is a known source of precipitation bias in such models. Recently, a high-resolution regional model was used to produce the first pan-African climate change simulation that explicitly models convection. Here, this is compared with a corresponding parameterized-convection simulation to explore the effect of the parameterization on representation of East Africa precipitation seasonality. Both models capture current seasonality, although an overestimate in September–October in the parameterized simulation leads to an early bias in the onset of the boreal autumn short rains, associated with higher convective instability and near-surface moist static energy. This bias is removed in the explicit model. Under future climate change both models show the short rains getting later and wetter. For the boreal spring long rains, the explicit convection simulation shows the onset advancing but the parameterized simulation shows little change. Over Uganda and western Kenya both simulations show rainfall increases in the January–February dry season and large increases in boreal summer and autumn rainfall, particularly in the explicit convection model, changing the shape of the seasonal cycle, with potential for pronounced socioeconomic impacts. Interannual variability is similar in both models. Results imply that parameterization of convection may be a source of uncertainty for projections of changes in seasonal timing from global models and that potentially impactful changes in seasonality should be highlighted to users.
Multi-Aspect Assessment of CMIP6 Models for Arctic Sea Ice Simulation
Authors: Long Mengyuan , Zhang Lujun , Hu Siyu , Qian Shimeng
Published: December 2020

This paper evaluates the ability of 35 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to simulate Arctic sea ice by comparing simulated results with observation from the aspects of spatial patterns and temporal variation. The simulation ability of each model is also quantified by the Taylor score and e score from these two aspects. Results show that biases between observed and simulated Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) are mainly located in the East Greenland, Barents, and Bering Seas and the Sea of Okhotsk. The largest difference between the observed and simulated SIC spatial patterns occurs in September. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the ability of most models to simulate summer SIC spatial patterns has decreased. We also find that models with the Sea Ice Simulator (SIS) sea ice component in CMIP6 show a consistent larger positive simulation biases of SIC in the East Greenland and Barents Seas. In addition, for most models, the higher the model resolution is, the better the match between the simulated and observed spatial patterns of winter Arctic SIC is. Furthermore, this paper makes a detailed assessment for temporal variation of Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) with regard to climatological average, seasonal SIE, multiyear linear trend, and detrended standard deviation of SIE. The sensitivity of September Arctic SIE to a given change of Arctic surface air temperature over 1979–2014 in each model has also been investigated. Most models simulate a smaller loss of September Arctic SIE per degree of warming than is observed (1.37 × 106 km2 K−1).
Making Choices from the Choices we have: The Contextual-Embeddedness of Occupational Choice
Authors: Hammell Karen Whalley
Published: December 2020

Background.

“Choice” is central to occupational therapy’s theoretical tradition, which maintains that individuals can impact their well-being through wisely choosing their occupations. However, the assumption that opportunities to choose are universally available is negated by research evidence.

Purpose.

To review the ideology of “choice” in occupational therapy theory, and to encourage more critical approaches toward determinants of occupational opportunity and choice.

Key Issues.

Evidence indicates that within Canada, and throughout the world, opportunities to make occupational choices are inequitably distributed among people of different socioeconomic classes, castes, genders, races, abilities, sexualities, citizenship statuses, and experiences of colonialism.

Implications.

Because occupation is a determinant of health and well-being, social injustices that create inequitable occupational choices are unfair violations of occupational rights. The occupational therapy profession’s espoused aim of enhancing well-being through occupation demands theories that explicitly recognize the socially structured and inequitable shaping of choice, and consequent impact on people’s occupational rights.
Is cerebrospinal fluid lactate useful in differentiating scrub typhus meningitis from aseptic, bacterial and tuberculous meningitis?
Authors: Arora Shalabh , Abhilash Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar , Mitra Shubhanker , Hazra Darpanarayan , Gunasekharan Karthik , Yesudass P
Published: December 2020

Scrub typhus is one of the most common causes of meningo-encephalitis in endemic areas of the Indian subcontinent. Numerous studies have established the reliability of cerebrospinal fluid lactate for differentiation of bacterial meningitis from aseptic meningitis. However, there are no reported data on the predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid lactate in scrub typhus meningitis. We thus conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid lactate in the differentiation of different causes of acute meningitis. Over two years, we studied 119 patients, with almost equal gender distribution, whose mean age was 43.58 (±18) years and their overall mean duration of fever was 11.7 (±21.0) days. Commonest clinical features overall were neck stiffness; values of cerebrospinal fluid lactate were lowest in aseptic meningitis, followed by scrub typhus, TB and bacterial meningitis. We conclude that cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels may be a useful adjunct to clinical features and laboratory investigations to differentiate between bacterial, viral, tubercular and scrub meningitis.
Marital Distress in Missionaries as Measured by the MMPI-2-RF Interpersonal Scales
Authors: Gregory Sonji D. , Newmeyer Mark , Baum Linda J. , Lichi Donald A.
Published: December 2020

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is a briefer revision of the MMPI-2. The archived MMPI-2 profiles of 214 evangelical missionaries were analyzed to explore the relationship among the MMPI-2-RF newly constructed interpersonal scales, the RC scales, and missionary distress. Missionary husbands and wives were placed into two groups based on marital types (conflicted and non-conflicted) and again into three groups based on presenting issues (marital, family, and non-family distress). The results lend support to the use of the MMPI-2-RF Family Problems ( FML), Interpersonal Passivity ( IPP), and Shyness ( SHY) interpersonal scales along with the RC4 scale as a basic screening instrument for post-selection, pre-deployment missionaries with marital distress. Consequently, the MMPI-2-RF may be able to inform us in new ways. Recommendations for counselors and missionary boards are discussed.
Three-dimensional sliding mode guidance law for maneuvering target with prescribed performance and input saturation
Authors: Ma Meng-chen , Tan Li-Guo , Song Shen-min
Published: December 2020

The three-dimensional sliding mode guidance laws with prescribed performance and saturation actuator are proposed for maneuvering target. The proposed guidance laws can ensure the line of sight (LOS) angle converges according to the prescribed performance with actuator saturation and the convergence rate, the steady state error and the maximum overshoot can be preset in advance. A novel transformed error function is designed by combining the LOS tracking error with the performance constraint function. Then, to further solve the problem of input saturation, the saturation function and auxiliary system are introduced. Additionally, this paper discusses the problem whereby the upper bound of the aggregate uncertainty, including the target information, is unavailable. An adaptive sliding mode guidance law with prescribed performance is presented for this scenario. Experiments comparisons are conducted with other forms of guidance laws. Simulation results show that the guidance laws proposed in this paper achieve effective performance.
Full-size experimental assessment of the aerodynamic sealing of air curtains for particulate matter
Authors: Viegas João Carlos , Kaluzny Pascal , Durand Alexandra , Fluchaire Lisa , Franco Dulce , Saldanha Carlos , Morais João , Morais Paulo , Carrasco Levi , Pinto Luis
Published: December 2020

An air curtain is used to ensure an adequate separation between two compartments that is aimed to restrict, a clean one and a contaminated one. The air curtain performance is improved with the use of an air extraction from the “contaminated” compartment. The aerodynamic sealing of an optimized air curtain is assessed regarding particulate matter. The evaluation using visual assessment of the aerodynamic sealing using a cold smoke source is validated against PM 10 detection.

It is shown that the air curtain presents a good aerodynamic sealing for the particulate of PM10 and PM2.5 classes and that the visual assessment method can lead to similar results. An equation was obtained with a view to be used to predict the level of aerodynamic sealing of the air curtain when the exhaust rate becomes too low. Another equation was obtained for predicting the average velocity through the door protected by the air curtain required to obtain an aerodynamic sealing, as a function of the jet parameters (nozzle average velocity and thickness). These test results prove that the air curtain, complemented with an air exhaust from the “contaminated compartment”, is suitable to provide an acceptable aerodynamic sealing for the particulate matter.

Practical application: The findings of this research are applicable when it is necessary to retain the contamination due to particulate matter using a soft boundary, as air plane jets. This is applicable to medical care centres to reduce the possibility of contamination due to bacteria between different compartments or in pharmaceutical process units to avoid cross contamination among them.
Carbon emissions factor evaluation for assembled building during prefabricated component transportation phase
Authors: Wang Haining , Zhang Hong , Hou Keming , Yao Gang
Published: December 2020

This study focuses on the calculation of carbon emissions during prefabricated component transportation phase, figuring out how to accurately infer the carbon emissions factor according to the changing of external factors. Through tracking and analyzing the differences between prefabricated component transportation phase and ordinary building material transportation phase, this paper explores how to establish a calculation mathematical model of carbon emissions factor to reflect the real prefabricated component transportation phase, that work would critically lower the bias of component transportation carbon emissions factors between in real world and giving in relevant national standards. The research content involved in this paper provides quantitative scale for Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC), and also helps to establish and popularize carbon sink system of Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC). In this study, prefabricated component, the basic component of assembled building, is taken as the research object and clue. The real carbon emissions performances of transport vehicles loaded with different number of components are simulated, and the carbon emissions factor and related parameter groups of transport vehicles are measured experimentally. Based on the statistical method, the data parameter selection and regression analysis are carried out by using STATA® 12. The relationship between the three parameters of Load Ratio, Average Speed and Atmospheric Temperature on carbon emissions factor are obtained except the types of vehicles. It is found that there is a linear relationship between the carbon emissions factor and the −0.5 power of the Load Ratio, the square of the Atmospheric Temperature and the reciprocal of the Average Speed, and the R2 value of the fitting formula reaches 90.46%. The result has a good interpretation for the measured data, better reflect the real situation of carbon emissions for assembled building during prefabricated component transportation phase, and improve the accuracy of carbon emissions calculation in this phase. If the Load Ratio and Average Speed can be increased, and the transportation time of prefabricated component at lower temperature can be selected, the carbon emissions can be significantly reduced, that could exert positive influence to the environment.
Tuberculous Otitis Media Complicated by Meningitis-Induced Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Linli , Ye Shengnan
Published: December 2020

Tuberculosis of the middle ear is a rare but treatable disease; however, delays in diagnosis and treatment usually lead to complications. Diagnosis is made difficult by most physicians being unfamiliar with the typical presenting features and special cultural and pathologic studies being required for diagnosis. A case report and literature review are presented, illustrating typical clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory features, as well as complications and the treatment of tuberculous otitis media.