bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An intelligent system for energy management in smart cities based on big data and ontology
Authors: Sayah Zaoui , Kazar Okba , Lejdel Brahim , Laouid Abdelkader , Ghenabzia Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This research paper aims at proposing a framework based on semantic integration in Big Data for saving energy in smart cities. The presented approach highlights the potential opportunities offered by Big Data and ontologies to reduce energy consumption in smart cities.

Design/methodology/approach

This study provides an overview of semantics in Big Data and reviews various works that investigate energy saving in smart homes and cities. To reach this end, we propose an efficient architecture based on the cooperation between ontology, Big Data, and Multi-Agent Systems. Furthermore, the proposed approach shows the strength of these technologies to reduce energy consumption in smart cities.

Findings

Through this research, we seek to clarify and explain both the role of Multi-Agent System and ontology paradigms to improve systems interoperability. Indeed, it is useful to develop the proposed architecture based on Big Data. This study highlights the opportunities offered when they are combined together to provide a reliable system for saving energy in smart cities.

Practical implications

The significant advancement of contemporary applications (smart cities, social networks, health care, IoT, etc.) requires a vast emergence of Big Data and semantics technologies in these fields. The obtained results provide an improved vision of energy-saving and environmental protection while keeping the inhabitants’ comfort.

Originality/value

This work is an efficient contribution that provides more comprehensive solutions to ontology integration in the Big Data environment. We have used all available data to reduce energy consumption, promote the change of inhabitant’s behavior, offer the required comfort, and implement an effective long-term energy policy in a smart and sustainable environment.
Development of medical capacitive coupling electrodes using the skin-electrode contact control
Authors: Evtushenko Gennadiy , Lezhnina Inna A. , Morenetz Artem I. , Pavlenko Boris N. , Boyakhchyan Arman A. , Torgaev Stanislav N. , Nam Irina
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is the development and study of capacitive coupling electrodes with the ability to monitor the quality of the skin–electrode contact in the process of electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnostics. The study’s scope embraces experimental identification of distortions contributed into the recorded ECG signal at various degrees of disturbance of the skin–electrode contact.

Design/methodology/approach

A capacitive coupling electrode is designed and manufactured. A large number of experiments was carried out to record ECG signals with different quality of the skin–electrode contact. Using spectral analysis, the characteristic distortions of the ECG signals in the event of contact disturbance are revealed.

Findings

It was found that the violation of the skin–electrode contact leads to significant deterioration in the recorded signal. In this case, the most severe distortions appear with various violations of the skin–electrode contact of two sensors in one lead. It has been experimentally shown that the developed sensor allows monitoring the quality of the contact, and therefore, improvement of the quality of signal registration, enabled by the use of bespoke processing algorithms.

Practical implications

These sensors will be used in personalized medicine devices and tele-ECG devices.

Originality/value

In this work, authors studied the effect of the skin–electrode contact of a capacitive electrode with the body on the quality of the recorded ECG signal. Based on the studies, the necessity of monitoring contact was shown to improve the quality of diagnostics provided by personalized medicine devices; the capacitive sensor with contact feedback was developed.
Collaboration for the socially responsible development of rural regions: biogas production in Lithuanian farms
Authors: Vilkė Rita , Gedminaitė-Raudonė Živilė , Vidickienė Dalia
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the collaboration of livestock farming business with other three groups of actors and explore the gap between expectations and reality concerning biogas production as collaborative innovation for the socially responsible development of rural regions in Lithuania.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on the concept of the Quadruple Helix, which focusses on innovation, viewed as a process involving increasingly closer interactions and coordination among the following four groups of actors of the helix: government, academia, industry and civil society. Scientific literature analysis and generalization, expert interview and focus group methods were used to generate data for analysis. Data were collected during the period of July-November 2018 in Lithuania.

Findings

The research results reveal that the greatest gap among expectations and the actual situation in collaboration for socially responsible innovation, biogas production – is observed among non‐governmental organizations as representatives of civil society and all other questioned Quadruple Helix actors, whereas the government had been recognized as a most isolated part of the collaboration for innovation in biogas in Lithuania.

Research limitations/implications

This paper presents empirical findings, based on qualitative data, collected in one EU new member state, i.e. Lithuania. International comparative perspectives are given in other related papers. Research findings are promising for further research in the field of socially responsible development of rural regions using the Quadruple Helix approach to foster collaboration for modern circular economy innovation both from theoretical and empirical points of view.

Practical implications

The methodology might be used for practitioners to research collaboration excellence/gaps in any field of activity.

Social implications

The research takes into account the public interest from a very broad point of view – how to develop rural regions in a socially responsible way by using already established innovations in biogas in livestock farms by giving another dimension of socially responsible collaboration for innovation.

Originality/value

The paper proposes using the original Quadruple Helix approach to foster the socially responsible development of rural regions, thus enlarging the scope of the theory of corporate social responsibility (CSR) with the newly emerged discourse in the field. Socially responsible development of rural regions with the use of collaboration for circular innovations has been absent from theoretical to empirical CSR research.
A pill for every ill?
Authors: Hopping Rachel , Ivanova Daniela , Howe Andrew John
Published: April 2020

Purpose

National guidelines in the UK for emotionally unstable personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder (PD) do not recommend treatment with medication, suggesting instead psychotherapy. There is little evidence that medication has benefit from the literature. Despite this, many patients with PDs are prescribed medications. This study aims to quantify medication prescriptions within the therapeutic community for those with PD and assess if treatment led to changes in prescription.

Design/methodology/approach

An audit tool was designed in Microsoft Excel; 30 most recent patients discharged from the authors’ service since November 2018 were identified. Their discharge summaries were scrutinised for changes in medication comparing the beginning of treatment to the end. These were then analysed in terms of changes in class of medication and dose as well as total number of medications prescribed.

Findings

In total, 31 patients’ notes were scrutinised. Then, 25 patients were prescribed psychiatric medication at the start of their treatment, 24 had medications changed falling to 17 at the end of treatment. Antidepressants were the most commonly prescribed medications. By class, antidepressant prescriptions fell by 35 per cent, antipsychotics by 43 per cent, anxiolytics by 40 per cent. The prescription of mood stabilisers and Z drugs remained the same.

Originality/value

The assessment of medication changes during psychotherapeutic treatment within a therapeutic community is unique in the literature. Understanding and hypothesising the dynamics involved within this process has also received little attention in research. This study highlights the potential from which further research into this neglected but pertinent area could be conducted.
Partnership between healthcare professionals and family members in caring for older people during hospitalization: a literature review
Authors: Tabootwong Watchara , Kiwanuka Frank
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Partnership is both a goal and an approach to family-centered care (FCC). Family members play an important role alongside the health-care team when an older family member is admitted to the hospital. Family involvement in care for an older person forms a partnership approach where health professionals and the family engage collaboratively in care. This enhances the quality of care and family satisfaction with care. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential areas of partnerships of family members with health-care professionals while caring for older people based on the perspective of FCC.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review was carried out.

Findings

The findings of this study focus on how healthcare professionals can listen to, respect the perspectives of family members, and share useful information with the family while caring for an older person. Family participation in providing care and collaboration between healthcare professionals and families is a seminal goal strategy in caring for older people during hospitalization. It is helpful to family members as a way of training and preparing them to assist their loved one after hospital discharge. Furthermore, it can establish a good relationship between healthcare professionals and families.

Originality/value

Partnership between health-care professionals and families helps and supports the older people and the family in managing the health condition the following discharge from the hospital.
What is an Academic Judgement?
Authors: Hinchliffe Geoffrey
Published: April 2020

This paper considers the nature of academic judgement. It also suggests that academic judgement is not the special preserve of academics as such and is something with which students can be imbued. It is further suggested that academic judgement is best considered in the context of critical learning which is contrasted with demonstrative learning. The paper then proceeds with an analysis of judgement by considering the ideas of Peter Geach on this particular subject. It then moves to considering judgement in the context of a practice, as set out by Alasdair MacIntyre. Whilst providing insight into the nature of practical judgement, this approach is found wanting nonetheless and attention is next turned to considering judgement within the space of reasons – that is, the approach of John McDowell. The paper then suggests that the idea of the space of reasons can be given greater substance through consideration of two further kinds of judgement – epistemic and reflective.
Limited added value of laboratory monitoring in thiopurine maintenance monotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Kreijne Joany E. , de Vries Annemarie C. , de Veer Rozanne C. , Bouma Gerd , Dijkstra Gerard , Voskuil Michiel D. , West Rachel , van Moorsel Sofia A. W. , de Jong Dirk J. , de Boer Nanne K. , van der Woude C. Janneke ,   the initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC)
Published: April 2020

Background

To timely detect myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, laboratory monitoring at 3‐month intervals is advised throughout thiopurine maintenance treatment for IBD. However, reported incidence rates of myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in maintenance treatment are low.

Aim

To assess incidence rates and clinical consequences of myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in thiopurine maintenance therapy after at least 1 year of thiopurine treatment.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of therapy adjustment for laboratory toxicity in adult IBD patients after 12 consecutive months of azathioprine (AZA) or mercaptopurine monotherapy (ie baseline) between 2000 and 2016. Incidence rates of laboratory toxicity (ie myelotoxicity [leucocyte count <4.0 × 10e9/L, and/or platelet count <150 × 10e9/L] and/or hepatotoxicity (gamma‐glutamyltransferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [AP], ALT and/or AST above ULN, excluding isolated increased AST/AP]) and associated diagnostic procedures and complications were assessed.

Results

In total, 12,391 laboratory assessments were performed on 1132 patients (56% female, AZA 74%) during 3.3 years of median follow‐up. Median monitoring frequency was 3.1 assessments/treatment year. Only 83/12,391 (0.7%) assessments resulted in therapy adjustment, dose reduction in 46 patients, cessation in 28 and allopurinol initiation in nine; risk of therapy adjustment was 1.9% per treatment year. Incidence rates of myelotoxicity were 7.1% (5.1% mild/1.8% moderate/0.1% severe) and hepatotoxicity 5.1% (3.8% mild/1.1% moderate/0.2% severe) per treatment year. Treatment‐related complications with concurrent laboratory toxicity occurred in 12 patients (1.1%) and would not have been prevented by monitoring.

Conclusion

Severe laboratory toxicity is uncommon after 1 year of thiopurine monotherapy at 4‐month monitoring intervals. Therapy adjustments are rare after detection of laboratory toxicity. After 1 year of thiopurine monotherapy, laboratory monitoring may be lowered to less than a 4‐month interval.
Assessment of abortion risk of sows on Japanese commercial farms infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Authors: Furutani Aina , Sekiguchi Satoshi , Sueyoshi Masuo , Sasaki Yosuke
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this study were to assess abortion risk (AR) and the number of piglets that died during suckling periods per litter (DP) in farms infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in relation to herd immunization procedures. Data were obtained from 91 farms in Japan that had PED infection during 2013 to 2014. The 91 PED‐positive farms were asked the number of abortions that occurred and DP for 3 months (1 month before PED outbreak (previous month), 1 month after PED outbreak (the month of PED), and from 1 month after PED outbreak to 2 months after PED outbreak (following month)). AR in each month was calculated as the number of abortions divided by sow inventory. Both AR and DP in the month of PED were higher than those in the previous and following months (p < .05). Farms that performed a herd immunization procedure had higher AR and DP in the month of PED than those that did not perform the procedure (p < .05). In summary, PED occurrence increased AR and DP.
Ordinary extraordinary: Elusive group differences in personality and psychological difficulties between STEM‐gifted adolescents and their peers
Authors: Likhanov Maxim V. , Tsigeman Elina S. , Papageorgiou Kostas A. , Akmalov Aydar F. , Sabitov Ildar A. , Kovas Yulia V.
Published: April 2020

Background

Individual differences in personality, behavioural, and academic outcomes of gifted adolescents remain under‐explored.

Aims

The present study directly compared selected and unselected adolescents on multiple measures of personality, behavioural strengths and difficulties, and achievement.

Sample

Nine hundred seventy‐three adolescents selected for high performance in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematical (STEM) fields (M = 15.23; SD = 1.11), and one thousand two hundred sixty‐one unselected adolescents (M = 15.07; SD = 1.18) participated in the study.

Methods

Participants completed self‐report measures that assess the Big Five, the Dark Triad, and Behavioural Strengths and Difficulties. Demographic information and academic achievement in Maths and Russian were also obtained.

Results

The observed differences in personality and behaviour traits between selected and unselected samples were negligible as measured by ANOVAs. The selected sample had on average slightly lower scores on conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, and subclinical narcissism, partial Eta Squared (ES) = [.01 to .05]; slightly lower scores on prosocial behaviour; and slightly higher scores on internalizing and externalizing problems, ES = [.01 to .04]. The selected group also showed higher Year and Examination grades (ES = .05 and .23, respectively). However, MANOVA results showed larger differences between samples (ES = .15).

Conclusion

Our results showed no pronounced differences between selected and unselected samples in any trait apart from examination performance. However, multivariate results suggest greater overall differences. These results suggest that high‐achieving individuals may be characterized by specific combinations of personality and behavioural traits.
On viability of detecting malwares online using ensemble classification method with performance metrics
Authors: Saranya N. , Manikandan V.
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, most of the services from cloud are protuberant within the all commercial, public, and private areas. A primary difficulty of cloud computing system is making a virtualized environment safe from all intruders. The existing system uses signature‐based methods, which cannot provide accurate detection of malware. This paper put forward an approach to detect the malware by using the approach based on feature extraction and various classification techniques. Initially the clean files and malware files are extracted. The feature selection includes gain ratio to provide subset features. The classification is used to predict any malware that has been entered in the mobile device. In this paper, it is proposed to use the ensemble classifier which contains different kinds of classifiers such as Support Vector Machine, K‐Nearest Neighbor, and Naïve Bayes classification. These together are known as a meta classifier. These three classification methods had been used for proposed work and get the results with higher accuracy. This measures the correctness of the prediction happened using ensemble method with high precision and recall values which is specifically identifies the quality of the techniques
used.
Whole‐exome sequencing reveals a long‐term decline in effective population size of red spruce (Picea rubens)
Authors: Capblancq Thibaut , Butnor John R. , Deyoung Sonia , Thibault Ethan , Munson Helena , Nelson David M. , Fitzpatrick Matthew C. , Keller Stephen R.
Published: April 2020

Understanding the factors influencing the current distribution of genetic diversity across a species range is one of the main questions of evolutionary biology, especially given the increasing threat to biodiversity posed by climate change. Historical demographic processes such as population expansion or bottlenecks and decline are known to exert a predominant influence on past and current levels of genetic diversity, and revealing this demo‐genetic history can have immediate conservation implications. We used a whole‐exome capture sequencing approach to analyze polymorphism across the gene space of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), an endemic and emblematic tree species of eastern North America high‐elevation forests that are facing the combined threat of global warming and increasing human activities. We sampled a total of 340 individuals, including populations from the current core of the range in northeastern USA and southeastern Canada and from the southern portions of its range along the Appalachian Mountains, where populations occur as highly fragmented mountaintop “sky islands.” Exome capture baits were designed from the closely relative white spruce (P. glauca Voss) transcriptome, and sequencing successfully captured most regions on or near our target genes, resulting in the generation of a new and expansive genomic resource for studying standing genetic variation in red spruce applicable to its conservation. Our results, based on over 2 million exome‐derived variants, indicate that red spruce is structured into three distinct ancestry groups that occupy different geographic regions of its highly fragmented range. Moreover, these groups show small Ne, with a temporal history of sustained population decline that has been ongoing for thousands (or even hundreds of thousands) of years. These results demonstrate the broad potential of genomic studies for revealing details of the demographic history that can inform management and conservation efforts of nonmodel species with active restoration programs, such as red spruce.
Size reductions and genomic changes within two generations in wild walleye populations: associated with harvest?
Authors: Bowles Ella , Marin Kia , Mogensen Stephanie , MacLeod Pamela , Fraser Dylan J.
Published: April 2020

The extent and rate of harvest‐induced genetic changes in natural populations may impact population productivity, recovery, and persistence. While there is substantial evidence for phenotypic changes in harvested fishes, knowledge of genetic change in the wild remains limited, as phenotypic and genetic data are seldom considered in tandem, and the number of generations needed for genetic changes to occur is not well understood. We quantified changes in size‐at‐age, sex‐specific changes in body size, and genomic metrics in three harvested walleye (Sander vitreus) populations and a fourth reference population with low harvest levels over a 15‐year period in Mistassini Lake, Quebec. We also collected Indigenous knowledge (IK) surrounding concerns about these populations over time. Using ~9,000 SNPs, genomic metrics included changes in population structure, neutral genomic diversity, effective population size, and signatures of selection. Indigenous knowledge revealed overall reductions in body size and number of fish caught. Smaller body size, a small reduction in size‐at‐age, nascent changes to population structure (population differentiation within one river and homogenization between two others), and signatures of selection between historical and contemporary samples reflected coupled phenotypic and genomic change in the three harvested populations in both sexes, while no change occurred in the reference population. Sex‐specific analyses revealed differences in both body size and genomic metrics but were inconclusive about whether one sex was disproportionately affected. Although alternative explanations cannot be ruled out, our collective results are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic changes associated with harvesting may arise within 1–2.5 generations in long‐lived wild fishes. This study thus demonstrates the need to investigate concerns about harvest‐induced evolution quickly once they have been raised.
Risks and Realities of Working with Alienated Children
Authors: Warshak Richard A.
Published: April 2020

Involvement in custody cases that include accusations of parental alienation—whether as an evaluator, expert witness, lawyer, judge, therapist, provider of a specialized intervention, or researcher—incurs both professional and personal risks. Some risks relate to false negative or false positive identifications of parental alienation that can lead to regulatory agency complaints and public condemnation by the parent who feels wronged by the case outcome. Other risks stem from providing services in an emerging area of practice and working with children who overtly oppose repairing the relationship with their rejected parent. These risks include: unfounded accusations of mistreating children; negatively biased commentary and sensationalist attacks in the media and in social media, professional conferences and journals, and in courtroom testimony; harassment, vilification, and invasion of privacy; threats of violence and public humiliation; shunning and rumor spreading by colleagues; and complaints to regulatory agencies. This article examines circumstances, beliefs, and dynamics that give rise to these risks, suggests precautions to reduce the risk of false accusations against professionals, and offers recommendations for dealing with regulatory agencies. Criticisms that a court or service provider has mistreated a child merit careful scrutiny in the context of the case evidence and empirical data. While some interventions for alienated children raise legitimate concerns, others have been maligned by anecdotal complaints that studies show do not represent the experience of most participants.
An Interdisciplinary Case Management Protocol for Child Resistance or Refusal Dynamics†
Authors: Cyr Francine , Poitras Karine , Godbout Élisabeth
Published: April 2020

High‐conflict parental separation cases associated with child's estrangement or contact refusal take an unusually large amount of court time and generate high emotional costs for parents and children. This paper reports on a study of a research‐based pilot project and protocol, called the Parenting Conflict Resolution (PCR), which is intended to reduce parental conflict, improve interparental communication, and support or restore the parent–child relationship. The protocol was developed at the Superior Court in Quebec City (Canada), and involves single judge case management, and lawyers' commitment to have the child's best interests as their primary consideration and to guide their clients to trust the process. The assigned judge and lawyers have the ongoing involvement of a mandated psychotherapist, taking a family systems approach with the case. The PCR also requires the parents to participate in a psycho‐educational, introspective group program to work on co‐parenting and communication skills. Ongoing communication between the professionals involved in the PCR is required to ensure cohesion and accountability. This pilot project was implemented with 10 high‐conflict families, 6 of which presented with the child's resistance or refusal to see one parent. A qualitative data study was undertaken into the experiences of all the participants. The most salient result is the resumption of parent–child contact in all six contact refusal cases. Discussion highlights key elements to successfully address these cases: (a) interdisciplinary program delivery, (b) systemic understanding of the contact problems, (c) focus on the child's best interest, (d) single judge assigned to the case, (e) lawyers' support of the parents' participation, and (f) psychotherapist reporting to the court.
New York State of Mind: Parental Incarceration and Children's Visitation in New York State
Authors: Polizzotto Mia Anne
Published: April 2020

The incarceration of a parent has a variety of negative effects on a child's psychological, academic, and developmental success. Children can end up in foster care as a result of the state terminating parental rights due to the parent's incarceration. Despite imprisonment of their parent(s), maintenance of visitation with the parent(s) is still important for their children. However, not all prisons have visitation programs that are suitable to visiting children. This Note proposes a model state statute that will recognize the importance of visitation, implement “child friendly” visitation programs, facilitate training for prison staff, and provide transportation for children in major cities to the prison facilities.
Responding to Severe Parent–Child Rejection Cases Without a Parentectomy: A Blended Sequential Intervention Model and the Role of the Courts
Authors: Polak Shely , Altobelli Tom , Popielarczyk Linda
Published: April 2020

There have been significant developments over the past two decades that have expanded our understanding of the dynamics of parent–child contact problems post‐separation, which have resulted in some changes in judicial processes to respond to these cases. One significant advancement is a more sophisticated differentiation of the nature and severity of contact problems, which better assists legal and mental health professionals to provide more suitable legal and clinical interventions. However, the issue of innovative court processes has received limited attention. The authors describe a subgroup of families within the “severe” category, for whom an expanded intervention model, referred to as a Blended Sequential Intervention is proposed. This approach involves a reversal of care with court mandated therapeutic support for the rejected parent and child, but also involves the favored parent in the therapeutic plan from the outset, and is intended to avoid a permanent “parentectomy” of the child from either parent. The authors discuss how the courts should respond to these cases, and posit that until all therapeutic treatments are exhausted, interim orders should be preferred to final determinations, and judges should maintain oversight. The authors discuss the critical role of judicial leadership in working with lawyers and mental health professionals to manage and address the issues in these high conflict cases.
Structural plasticity of a designer protein sheds light on β‐propeller protein evolution
Authors: Mylemans Bram , Laier Ina , Kamata Kenichi , Akashi Satoko , Noguchi Hiroki , Tame Jeremy R. H. , Voet Arnout R. D.
Published: April 2020

β‐propeller proteins are common in nature, where they are observed to adopt 4‐ to 10‐fold internal rotational pseudo‐symmetry. This size diversity can be explained by the evolutionary process of gene duplication and fusion. In this study, we investigated a distorted β‐propeller protein, an apparent intermediate between two symmetries. From this template, we created a perfectly symmetric 9‐bladed β‐propeller named Cake, using computational design and ancestral sequence reconstruction. The designed repeat sequence was found to be capable of generating both 8‐fold and 9‐fold propellers which are highly stable. Cake variants with 2–10 identical copies of the repeat sequence were characterised by X‐ray crystallography and in solution. They were found to be highly stable, and to self‐assemble into 8‐ or 9‐fold symmetrical propellers. These findings show that the β‐propeller fold allows sufficient structural plasticity to permit a given blade to assemble different forms, a transition from even to odd changes in blade number, and provide a potential explanation for the wide diversity of repeat numbers observed in natural propeller proteins.

Database

Structural data are available in Protein Data Bank database under the accession numbers 6TJB, 6TJC, 6TJD, 6TJE, 6TJF, 6TJG, 6TJH and 6TJI.
Institutional influence on syndicate structure and cross‐border leveraged buyouts
Authors: Liu Chen , Purda Lynnette , Zhu Hui
Published: April 2020

We explore the extent to which differences in countries’ formal and informal institutions reduce cross‐border leveraged buyout transactions and the potential influence these same institutions have on how private equity (PE) investors choose to enter these transactions. Although institutional differences have frequently been viewed as barriers to cross‐border investment, we find evidence that these same differences may motivate a PE firm's decision to enter the transaction with a syndicate of firms rather than undertaking the transaction on their own. Cultural differences between a PE firm and the target nation are significantly related to the choice to enter the deal via a multinational syndicate. The varying nationalities within the syndicate contribute to enhanced familiarity, with average institutional distances between the syndicate and target firms being significantly lower than for single‐PE‐led deals. Overall, deals undertaken by syndicates are more likely to be successfully completed and require less time in negotiation. These results persist even after accounting for selection bias with regard to target country choice. We explore whether other features of the syndicate are responsible for improved deal outcomes, such as repeated transactions with the same partners, but find no evidence that this is the case.
Effects of several establishment modes of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis on yields and yield trends
Authors: Ouattara Malick S. , Laurent Anabelle , Barbu Corentin , Berthou Magali , Borujerdi Elsa , Butier Arnaud , Malvoisin Pierre , Romelot Dominique , Loyce Chantal
Published: April 2020

Miscanthus is a C4 perennial grass originating from East Asia, the yields of which progressively increase in the first years of growth. Several species for bioenergy have been studied since the mid‐1980s in Europe, in particular (Miscanthus × giganteus [M. × giganteus]), due to its high yields. M. × giganteus is mainly cultivated in France and established from rhizomes. Our study aimed to assess, in field conditions, alternative establishment methods combined with an alternative species, Miscanthus sinensis (M. sinensis). We set up a multi‐environment experimental network. On each trial, we tested two treatments with M. × giganteus, established from rhizomes (G_r‐sd) and from plantlets obtained from rhizomes (G_p‐sd), and two treatments with M. sinensis seedlings transplanted in single (S_p‐sd) and double density (S_p‐dd). ANOVA was performed to compare establishment and regrowth rates across treatments, as well as yields across treatments and site‐years. A logistic model was used to describe yield trends and to compare the maximum yield reached and the rate of yield increase of both species. Results showed that miscanthus establishment from plantlets resulted in higher establishment (between 87% and 92%) and regrowth (between 91% and 94%) rates compared to establishment from rhizomes. Treatments with M. × giganteus obtained higher average yields across site‐years than those with M. sinensis, but more variable yields across site‐years. We showed a strong species effect on yields, yield components (shoot weight, shoot density and shoot number per plant) and light interception (through leaf area index). Lastly, to use M. sinensis established from transplanted plantlets as an alternative to M. × giganteus, research would be required on the breeding of M. sinensis sterile seeds to avoid risks of invasiveness.
Genomic and morphological data help uncover extinction‐in‐progress of an unsustainably traded hill myna radiation
Authors: Ng Dominic Y. J. , Švejcarová Tereza , Sadanandan Keren R. , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Lee Jessica G.H. , Prawiradilaga Dewi M. , Ouhel Tomáš , Ng Elize Y.X. , Rheindt Frank E.
Published: April 2020

The Asian songbird crisis which is currently unfolding in Southeast Asia has seen multiple bird taxa go extinct in the wild and even more slip into regional or local extinction over the span of only a few years. The hill mynas Gracula spp. are among its main victims, encompassing the Critically Endangered Nias Hill Myna Gracula [religiosa] robusta and other endangered populations across the West Sumatran Archipelago. Hill mynas are known to be present throughout this island chain but the taxonomic relationships of West Sumatran Gracula populations remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the unique history of this island chain may have given rise to multiple distinct insular forms. Here we use genome‐wide DNA data in concert with morphological analyses to investigate the evolutionary distinctness of these taxa. Our results identify one taxon that is surprisingly distinct despite lacking recognition in most classifications, the ‘Simeulue Hill Myna’ (taxon miotera), and a range extension of the Nias Hill Myna. Despite their lack of recognition, Simeulue Hill Mynas are genomically and morphologically as unique as their Nias counterpart, in accordance with the lack of glacial land bridges between the island of Simeulue and mainland Sumatra. Simeulue Hill Mynas went extinct in the wild sometime within the last 2–3 years, and the rescue of the last captive individuals should now be the highest priority.
Prevalence and predictive value of ICD‐11 post‐traumatic stress disorder and Complex PTSD diagnoses in children and adolescents exposed to a single‐event trauma
Authors: Elliott Rachel , McKinnon Anna , Dixon Clare , Boyle Adrian , Murphy Fionnuala , Dahm Theresa , Travers‐Hill Emma , Mul Cari‐lène , Archibald Sarah‐Jane , Smith Patrick , Dalgleish Tim , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Hitchcock Caitlin
Published: April 2020

Background

The 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) made a number of significant changes to the diagnostic criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We sought to determine the prevalence and 3‐month predictive values of the new ICD‐11 PTSD criteria relative to ICD‐10 PTSD, in children and adolescents following a single traumatic event. ICD‐11 also introduced a diagnosis of Complex PTSD (CPTSD), proposed to typically result from prolonged, chronic exposure to traumatic experiences, although the CPTSD diagnostic criteria do not require a repeated experience of trauma. We therefore explored whether children and adolescents demonstrate ICD‐11 CPTSD features following exposure to a single‐incident trauma.

Method

Data were analysed from a prospective cohort study of youth aged 8–17 years who had attended an emergency department following a single trauma. Assessments of PTSD, CPTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms were performed at two to four weeks (n = 226) and nine weeks (n = 208) post‐trauma, allowing us to calculate and compare the prevalence and predictive value of ICD‐10 and ICD‐11 PTSD criteria, along with CPTSD. Predictive abilities of different diagnostic thresholds were undertaken using positive/negative predictive values, sensitivity/specificity statistics and logistic regressions.

Results

At Week 9, 15 participants (7%) were identified as experiencing ICD‐11 PTSD, compared to 23 (11%) experiencing ICD‐10 PTSD. There was no significant difference in comorbidity rates between ICD‐10 and ICD‐11 PTSD diagnoses. Ninety per cent of participants with ICD‐11 PTSD also met criteria for at least one CPTSD feature. Five participants met full CPTSD criteria.

Conclusions

Reduced prevalence of PTSD associated with the use of ICD‐11 criteria is likely to reduce identification of PTSD relative to using ICD‐10 criteria but not relative to DSM‐4 and DSM‐5 criteria. Diagnosis of CPTSD is likely to be infrequent following single‐incident trauma.
Nudging clinicians: A systematic scoping review of the literature
Authors: Lamprell Klay , Tran Yvonne , Arnolda Gaston , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: April 2020

Background

While the quality of medical care delivered by physicians can be very good, it can also be inconsistent and feature behaviours that are entrenched despite updated information and evidence. The “nudge” paradigm for behaviour change is being used to bring clinical practice in line with desired standards. The premise is that behaviour can be voluntarily shifted by making particular choices instinctively appealing. We reviewed studies that are explicit about their use of nudge theory in influencing clinician behaviour.

Methods

Databases were searched from April 2008 (the publication date of the book that introduced nudge theory to a wider audience) to November 2018, inclusive. The search strategy and narrative review of results addressed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

Results

22 studies were identified. Randomized trials or pre‐post comparisons were generally used in community‐based settings; single‐site pre‐post studies were favoured in hospitals. The studies employed eight intervention types: active choice; patient chart redesign; default and default alerts; partitioning of prescription menus; audit and feedback; commitment messages; peer comparisons; and redirection of workflow. Three core cognitive factors underpinned the eight interventions: bias towards prominent choices (salience); predisposition to social norms; and bias towards time or cost savings.

Conclusions

Published studies that are explicit about their use of nudge theory are few in number and diverse in their settings, targets, and results. Default and chart re‐design interventions reported the most substantial improvements in adherence to evidence and guideline‐based practice. Studies that are explicit in their use of nudge theory address the widespread failure of clinical practice studies to identify theoretical frameworks for interventions. However, few studies identified in our review engaged in research to understand the contextual and site‐specific barriers to a desired behaviour before designing a nudge intervention.
High resolution multispectral endoscopy significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of cervical intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Yu Wen , Long Cai , Zhu Tailin , Zhu Huiting , Han Zhiqiang , Li Fang
Published: April 2020

Colposcopy is a visual technique to examine the cervix and determine selection of sites for biopsies and eligibility for treatment. It's always been a critical part of identifying preinvasive and early invasive cervical carcinoma. Unfortunately, challenges exist with regards to the accuracy of traditional colposcopy. Hence, to fully exploit the benefit of increasing diagnostic sensitivity, there is a pressing need to improve the performance of colposcopy by applying novel innovations and techniques. In this case report, we used a recently developed, high‐resolution multispectral endoscopy and evaluated its performance by comparing colposcopic image features (the vascular pattern, in particular, depending upon the improved optics and illumination) with histology results. High‐resolution multispectral endoscopy makes it easier to distinguish the features of pathological vessels, so that it has a higher sensitivity and specificity to detect cervical lesions, especially in discriminating the vascular pattern using multispectral technology.
In ovo injection of nano‐selenium spheres mitigates the hatchability, histopathology image and immune response of hatched chicks
Authors: El‐Deep Mahmoud H. , Amber Khairy A. , Elgendy Salwa , Dawood Mahmoud A. O. , Zidan Abdulrahman
Published: April 2020

In ovo injection of nano‐selenium (Se) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB–nano‐Se) was investigated on the hatchability, immune responses and the histopathological alterations in hatched chicks. The eggs (18 day age) were injected with 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl (normal saline, NS), while the control group was kept without injection. In the third, fourth and fifth groups, the eggs were injected with 0.5 ml of NS and LAB–nano‐Se at 10, 20 and 30 μg/egg. The results revealed improved growth performance in groups injected with LAB–nano‐Se when compared to the control treatment. The highest final weight and weight gain were noticed in 20 μg LAB–nano‐Se/egg group (p < .05). The feed conversion ratio was reduced in all treated groups when compared to the control group (p < .05). Groups injected with LAB–nano‐Se showed enhanced hatchability of the whole incubated eggs (p < .05). Total lipids and cholesterol levels were decreased significantly in groups treated with LAB–nano‐Se at 10 and 20 μg/egg when compared to the non‐treated group. At the same time, globulin was increased by LAB–nano‐Se in ovo injection. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase increased in groups treated with LAB–nano‐Se at 10 and 20 μg/egg with insignificant (p > .05) differences with those treated with LAB–nano‐Se at 30 μg/egg using in ovo injection technique. Also, higher total blood protein and phagocytosis were significantly observed in groups treated with at 10, 20 and 30 μg LAB–nano‐Se/egg. The histopathological images of hatched chicks revealed that nano‐Se presented normal effects on liver and kidney tissues and restored the parameters as mentioned earlier. To conclude, LAB–nano‐Se exhibited beneficial effects in hatched chicks through improving immune and antioxidant activities as well as histopathological effects by using in ovo technique.
PHILOSOPHY AS A FEMINIST SPIRITUALITY AND CRITICAL PRACTICE FOR MARY ASTELL
Authors: Webb Simone
Published: April 2020

The question of how gender might inflect and affect philosophy as a way of life has been somewhat neglected, as has the role of philosophical modes of living for historical female philosophers. This essay draws on Michel Foucault’s multifaceted, Hadot‐inspired conception of philosophy to show how transformative philosophical practices of the self function as feminist praxis in the work of the early modern feminist philosopher Mary Astell. Philosophy in Astell’s texts, the essay argues, is a spiritual practice of the self that at the same time functions as a feminist critique both of sexist social structures and of the self that undertakes the practice. It facilitates women in achieving internal freedom. Finally, the essay discusses potential feminist concerns about Astell’s proposed philosophical way of living, before suggesting that it may have value for women today.
WHAT IT TAKES TO LIVE PHILOSOPHICALLY: OR, HOW TO PROGRESS IN THE ART OF LIVING
Authors: Cohoe Caleb M. , Grimm Stephen R.
Published: April 2020

This essay presents an account of what it takes to live a philosophical way of life: practitioners must be committed to a worldview, structure their lives around it, and engage in truth‐directed practices. Contra John Cooper, it does not require that one’s life be solely guided by reason. Religious or tradition‐based ways of life count as truth directed as long as their practices are reasons responsive and would be truth directed if the claims made by their way of life are correct. The essay argues that these three conditions can be met by progressors as well as sages. Making progress in how one acts in the world, and improving one’s understanding and direction through being part of a community is living a philosophical way of life. The offered view acknowledges more ways to develop the art of living and enables a broader range of people to count as living philosophically.
An integrated simulation method for coupled dynamic systems
Authors: Huang Xu , Kwon Oh‐Sung
Published: April 2020

Partitioned methods have been widely used in multiphysics and large‐scale structure‐media problems since they allow decomposition of a complex system into smaller subsystems. Although they have been considered to be superior to monolithic methods in terms of software reuse, difficulties still exist in the implementation process. This paper addresses these difficulties and proposes a new method to ease the coupling of the dynamic subsystems analyzed with different finite element codes. This is enabled by the development of a new staggered approach such that each involved program acts as a black box that is accessible only through model input and output, that is, displacements and forces, at the interface boundary. The accuracy and stability of the proposed method are numerically evaluated. A practical method to determine the maximum time step for stable solutions is also proposed. Two application examples are presented to verify the algorithm and demonstrate potential of the proposed method.
Tasting improvement in fruit flavor using genomics
Authors: Migicovsky Zoë
Published: April 2020

This article is a Commentary on Ferrão et al., 226: 1725–1737.