bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КАНЦЕРОГЕННІ N-НІТРОЗАМІНИ В ХАРЧОВИХ ПРОДУКТАХ
Authors: Приліпко Т. М. , Коваль Т. В.
Published: December 2024

Наведено результати вивчення N-нітрозамінів в харчових продуктах. Використано метод газової хроматографії-мас-спектрометрії (ГХ/МС). проведено аналіз рибних і м’ясних продуктів, в яких містяться відносно високі кількості попередників НА, мк/кг: нітритів до 252 і різних амінів до 200. Виявлені НА в різних видах риби і рибних продуктах, причому менше всього НА у свіжій рибі. Встановлено, що технологічна обробка риби приводить до зростання концентрації НА у зразках. Найбільший вміст НА виявлений в рибному борошні – до 2000 мкг/кг ДМНА. Якщо в рибних продуктах найбільш часто і у відносно великих кількостях зустрічається ДМНА, який утворюється не тільки із диметиламіну, алей й з різних сполук, які містять диметиламіногрупу, то в м’ясних продуктах часто знаходять Нпір, причому найбільша кількість його виявлена у беконі – до 207 мкг/кг. В копчених ковбасах і консервах міститься ДМНА – до 80 мкг/кг і НП – до 60 мкг/кг. В суміші спецій і посолочних компонентів кількість НА досягає 4000 мкг/кг. У варених ковбасах концентрація НА, як правило, дещо нижча, ніж в копчених, а у свіжому м’ясі вони не виявлені. Визначено вміст нітрозоамінів в молочних, овочевих та деяких інших продуктах. У вказаних продуктах НА відсутні або знайдені у невеликих кількостях. Виключення становлять соєва олія, соління і шпінат, який зберігався. В них виявлені порівняно високі рівні НА, особливо ДМНА (в шпінаті до 500 мкг/кг). В багатьох продуктах вміст НА досить значний, особливо в копчених і консервованих продуктах. Показано, що зниження основності аміну, зростання температури, часу реакції і концентрації компонентів підвищує вихід НА. Оптимальними значеннями рН для сильно- і слабоосновних амінів є 3,0-3,4 і 2,25-2,5 відповідно. Таким чином, технологічна обробка м’ясних продуктів, так само як і рибних, сприяє утворенню НА. Чіткої кількісної залежності між утворенням НА і вмістом нітриту в продуктах, а також терміном зберігання не встановлено. Необхідна розробка і використання простих та високочутливих методів аналізу НА в навколишньому середовищі і перш за все в харчових продуктах, постійне вивчення ступеня забрудненості продуктів і подальший пошук шляхів зниження вмісту НА у всіх об’єктах середовища життя людини.
Prevalence of urinary tract infections among pregnant women in Iraq: meta-analysis study
Authors: Hanoon Noor
Published: December 2024

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most prevalent bacterial infection in both community and hospital settings among women, especially pregnant women. It is characterized by a high incidence of treatment failure and relapses. The research aims to give an approximate percentage of the spread of the disease in various cities in Iraq, and compare it with other countries, and determine the risks of the disease and treatment for the mother and fetus. The 36 published articles have been reviewed in different regions of Iraq about pregnant women, made comparisons with other countries covered the period 2000–2023, and studied the risk factors, causative agents, and epidemiology of urinary tract infection. The results show that the rate of urinary tract infection is remarkably high in Iraq compared to other countries. UTI affects women between the ages (16-35years), Escherichia coli are the dominant bacteria that cause urinary tract infection, and education level has a significant effect on the prevalence of UTI.
EDUCATION ON DIGITAL MARKETING FOR SMES IN MEDAL RAHAYU SUBDISTRICT OF AMBIT VILLAGE SUMEDANG-WEST JAVA
Authors: Faeni Dewi Puspaningtyas
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this social responsibility services to convey the importance of financial management, product and operation management and most of all marketing management and how social media uses for the purpose of digital marketing by utilizing market place and such in the social media. This social responsibility services will assist Small Medium Enterprises (SMES) in resolving problems regarding environment and operation issues in correlation with planning, organizing, packaging and marketing via digital platforms. This social responsibility services are a community services involving 32 universities representatives which carried out their individual duties to perform and lecture best practices to the society in Ambit Village, Subdistrict of Sumedang West Java.  These activities were conducted during 22nd and 23rd of December 2023 involving 150 local business ventures who were more than eager to develop their businesses to the next level. 150 local businesses were involving SMES operate in a variety of home industries, including handicrafts, eco-tourism, and food production.  The result of this social responsibility services where participants were very satisfying and felt the insights and needs for such acts to develop skills, knowledge and ability among them.  The evaluation revealed an increase in knowledge of digital marketing before and after the distribution.
Features of the Functioning of Offshore Zones in the World Economy
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Atamanchuk Zоryna A. , Petryk Іhor M. ,   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University
Published: December 2024

The modern world economy is characterized by the rapid development of globalization processes, which leads to the growth of transnational flows of capital, trade and services. As part of these processes, offshore zones play an increasingly significant role, offering preferential conditions for conducting business, optimizing tax policy and diversifying risks. Using these opportunities and having the appropriate geographical location, a group of small countries have increased their role in the world economy to significant values, and the registration of international companies and corporate headquarters in offshore zones has already become a common practice in terms of the world economic space. The article analyzes the main trends and features of the functioning of offshore zones in the modern world economy; their advantages and disadvantages for companies using tax-free jurisdictions; the main motivations, opportunities and threats for countries that define the provision of offshore services as a strategy for economic growth are studied. Attention is paid to recommendations for minimizing the negative impact of offshore zones on the world economy. It is substantiated that in order to balance the advantages and risks of the functioning of offshore zones, it is necessary to effectively regulate capital flows, introduce competitive tax incentives and create a favorable investment climate. In addition, strengthening cooperation with international organizations in the field of interaction with offshore zones will potentially provide a more optimal result in reducing the negative impacts from the use of tax-free harbors.
INOVASI PEDAS TELOR (PEDULI ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN TANAM KELOR) DI PMB HENY SUMARIYANTI,s.Tr.Keb,Bdn DESA NGESTI KARYA KECAMATAN WAWAY KARYA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR TAHUN 2024
Authors: Ermasari Anissa , Yantina Yuli , Minarsih Minarsih
Published: December 2024

ASI adalah satu jenis makanan yang mencukupi seluruh unsur kebutuhan bayi, baik fisik, psikologi, sosial maupun spiritual. Oleh karena itu ASI sangat penting bagi bayi. terutama jika ASI diberikan secara eksklusif pada enam bulan pertama kelahiran bayi. ASI Eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI sedini mungkin setelah persalinan, diberikan tanpa jadwal dan tidak diberikan makanan lain walaupun hanya air putih sampai bayi berusia enam bulan. Pemberian ASI eksklusif merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mencegah berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), stunting, obesitas dan penyakit kronis pada bayi. Salah satu cara untuk menambah asupan nutrisi tersebut, ibu menyusui disarankan untuk mengonsumsi makanan sehat untuk ibu menyusui, seperti nasi merah, daging tanpa lemak, telur, kacang-kacangan, serta buah dan sayuran, termasuk daun kelor. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) diketahui mengandung beragam vitamin dan mineral, seperti vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin C, zat besi, dan magnesium. Tak hanya itu, daun kelor juga mengandung asam amino dan antioksidan yang dibutuhkan oleh ibu menyusui. Kesehatan lbu dan Anak menjadi fokus utama dalam kegiatan Praktek Klinik Komunitas MMD. Kegiatan inovasi yang telah dilakukan adalah dengan penanaman pohon kelor dirumah ibu hamil. Pohon kelor yang sudah berkembang nantinya dapat menjadi salah satu bahan makanan yang dapat dikonsumsi ibu-ibu menyusui. Dengan hal ini diharapkan dapat lebih memotivasi masyarakat untuk berperan serta dalam mendukung pemberian ASI Eksklusif.Metode kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan menggunakan power point dan bahan peraga berupa pohon kelor yang nantinya akan ditanam dirumah ibu hamil. Kegiatan berjalan dengan baik dan telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 25 Juni 2024 di PMB Heny Sumariyanti,s.Tr.Keb,Bdn Desa Ngesti Karya Kecamatan Waway Karya Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Jumlah peserta yang hadir sebanyak 30 orang. Peserta mendapatkan edukasi tentang ASI Eksklusif, manfaat ASI dan manfaat daun kelor. Diharapkan kegiatan ini dapat bermanfaat dan memotivasi ibu hamil dan menyusui untuk ikut berperan aktif dalam keberhasilan pemberian ASI Eksklusif selama 6 bulan. Kata kunci: ASI Eksklusif, manfaat daun kelor untuk ASI.
PEMBERIAN BISKUIT DAUN KELOR DALAM MENGATASI ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI DESA BAKHU KECAMATAN BATU KETULIS KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT
Authors: Rachmawati Fijri , Susilawati Susilawati , Supriati Supriati
Published: December 2024

Kehamilan merupakan kondisi fisiologis, namun kenyataannya dapat timbul masalah selama proses kehamilan, salah satunya berkaitan dengan gizi. Masalah gizi yang banyak terjadi pada ibu hamil adalah anemia. Anemia pada masa kehamilan merupakan gangguan gizi sebagai akibat pola makan yang salah pada ibu hamil. Pola makan yang salah/tidak baik mengakibatkan kurangnya asupan zat gizianemia dalam kehamilan merupakan kondisi ibu dengan kadar Hb <11gr% pada trimester 1 dan trimester 3 atau kadar Hb < 10,5gram% pada trimester 2 karena terjadinya hemodilusi pada trimester II. Anemia kehamilan dapat menyebakan abortus, gangguan pertumbuhan janin, persalinan prematur, perdarahan postpartum. Salah satu sayuran hijau yang dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin darah adalah Sayur Kelor. Penelitian tentang kandungan nutrisi daun kelor menguak bahwa daun kelor ternyata memiliki kandungan 4 kali lebih betacarotene dari pada wortel, 17 kali lebih banyak kalsium dibandingkan susu dan 25 kali lebih banyak zat besi dari pada bayam. Daun kelor memiliki lebih banyak antioksidan dari pada daun hijau lainnya. Daun kelor merupakan sumber protein, vitamin A dan vitamin C serta mineral.Metode kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan menggunakan power point dan bahan peraga untuk pembuatan biskuit daun kelor. Kegiatan berjalan dengan baik dan telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 3 Juli 2024 di PMB Romaita, S.ST., Bdn., M. Kes Desa Bakhu, kecamatan Batu Ketulis Lampung barat. Jumlah peserta yang hadir sebanyak 26 orang. Peserta mendapatkan edukasi tentang ibu hamil anemia dan manfaat daun kelor. Kegiatan pendampingan kesehatan berupa penyuluhan dan praktik mengenai pemanfaatan daun kelor. Kegiatan penyuluhan memiliki dampak positif terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan peserta penyuluhan tentang ibu Anemia dan manfaat daun kelor dalam rangka meningkatkan hemoglobin ibu hamil. Kata kunci : Anemia, Daun Kelor, Ibu Hamil.
PEMBINAAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN BAHAYA STUNTING MELALUI PROGRAM DAHSAT (DAPUR SEHAT ATASI STUNTING) DI KELURAHAN DADI REJO KECAMATAN WONOSOBO KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS
Authors: Azzahra Balqis , Kurniasari Devi , Iqmy Ledy Octaviani , Yuviska Ike Ate , Yuliasari Dewi
Published: December 2024

Stunting merupakan bentuk kegagalan tumbuh kembang yang menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan linear pada balita akibat dari akumulasi ketidak cukupan nutrisi yang berlangsung lama, mulai dari masa kehamilan sampai usia 24 bulan. Akibat stunting dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pada masa balita, rendahnya fungsi kognitif dan fungsi psikologis pada masa sekolah. Asupan energi dan zat gizi yang tidak memadai, serta penyakit infeksi merupakan faktor yang sangat berperan terhadap masalah stunting. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penyuluhan kesehatan pencegahan Stunting pada balita. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan pada pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah penyuluhan dengan menggunakan metode sosialisasi dengan penjelasan mengenai pencegahan dan bahaya stunting melalui program DASHAT (Dapur Sehat Atasi Stunting). Kesimpulan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah Ibu-ibu yang mengikuti penyuluhan menjadi paham tentang pentingnya pencegahan stunting agar tidak terjadi stunting.Kata Kunci: pembinaan, stunting
Ekspresi dan Makna Identitas Kultural Orang Aceh di Kota Padang dalam Perspektif Interaksionisme Simbolik
Authors: Faramita Gita Chintia , Azwar Azwar , Maihasni Maihasni
Published: December 2024

Each ethnic group certainly has different characteristics that have become embedded in their cultural identity, including the Acehnese ethnic group. Being in a different area from their area of origin certainly makes Acehnese people need to express their identity as Acehnese so that their Acehnese identity is still maintained. Therefore, this research aims to describe the form of cultural identity of the Acehnese in Padang City and the meaning of the cultural identity of the Acehnese in Padang City. This research uses Helbert Blumer's Symbolic Interactionism theory. The method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that up to now, among the Acehnese who have migrated to the city of Padang, their cultural identity as Acehnese is still maintained and maintained through the expression of their cultural identity that they do every day, both in the family and in the social environment. This form of expression of cultural identity is shown through the use of the Acehnese language, the use of traditional clothing, carrying out Acehnese customs and Acehnese culture. Each form of expression of cultural identity has an important meaning for the Acehnese so that everyone voluntarily continues to express their cultural identity as Acehnese in Padang City.Setiap etnis tentunya memiliki cirikhas yang berbeda yang telah melekat menjadi identitas kultur mereka, termasuk pada etnis Aceh. berada di daerah yang berbeda dengan daerah Asal tentunya membuat orang Aceh perlu untuk mengekspresikan identitasnya sebagai orang Aceh agar identitas keacehan mereka masih terjaga. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk identitas kultural orang Aceh yang ada di Kota Padang serta makna identitas kultural orang Aceh di Kota Padang. Penelitian ini mengunakan teori Interaksionisme Simbolik Helbert Blumer. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sampai saat ini dikalangan orang Aceh yang merantau di Kota Padang, identitas kultural mereka sebagai orang Aceh masih terus dipertahankan dan dijaga melalui ekspresi identitas kultural yang dilakukannya sehari-hari baik di lingkungan keluarga maupun di lingkungan sosial. Bentuk ekspresi identitas kultural tersebut ditunjukkan melalui penggunaan bahasa Aceh, penggunaan pakaian adat, melaksanakan Adat istiadat Aceh serta kebudayaan Aceh. Setiap bentuk ekspresi identitas kultural tersebut memiliki makna yang penting bagi orang Aceh sehingga setiap orang secara sukarela terus mengekspresikan identitas kultural mereka sebagai orang Aceh di Kota Padang.
Perancangan Katalog Digital untuk Representasi Stasiun Lokal Bandung Raya Melalui Fotografi Jalanan Monokromatik
Authors: Nafi Diaz , Purnamasari Maya , Saripudin Saripudin
Published: December 2024

Public transportation plays a crucial role in enhancing community mobility, significantly impacting economic and social aspects. In Bandung, there are 13 local stations in the Bandung Raya area, stretching from Padalarang to Cicalengka, including Padalarang, Gadobangkong, Cimahi, Cimindi, Ciroyom, Bandung, Cikudapateuh, Kiaracondong, Gedebage, Cimekar, Rancaekek, Haurpugur, and Cicalengka stations. This study aims to interpret the conditions across these stations through monochromatic photography. Street photography is selected as the approach due to its ability to capture the dynamic and ever-changing human activities. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, gathering data from street photography literature, monochromatic works, and direct field observations. The result is a collection of 65 monochromatic photographs that depict various occurrences at each station. These works are compiled into a digital catalog accessible via the issuu.com website. This catalog not only serves as a visual documentation of the stations' dynamics but also aims to raise public awareness of the cultural and social significance of public transportation in the Bandung Raya area. Through this catalog, the conditions and dynamic life at the local stations of Bandung Raya are visually and comprehensively represented.Transportasi umum merupakan elemen vital yang mendukung mobilitas masyarakat, berperan penting dalam aspek ekonomi dan sosial. Di Kota Bandung, terdapat 13 stasiun lokal Bandung Raya yang membentang dari Padalarang hingga Cicalengka, meliputi Stasiun Padalarang, Gadobangkong, Cimahi, Cimindi, Ciroyom, Bandung, Cikudapateuh, Kiaracondong, Gedebage, Cimekar, Rancaekek, Haurpugur, hingga Cicalengka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginterpretasikan kondisi di seluruh stasiun tersebut melalui karya fotografi bergaya monokromatik. Fotografi jalanan dipilih sebagai pendekatan karena mampu menangkap dinamika aktivitas manusia yang terus berubah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan pengumpulan data dari literatur fotografi jalanan, karya monokromatik, serta observasi langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan 65 karya fotografi monokromatik yang merepresentasikan berbagai kejadian di setiap stasiun. Karya-karya ini kemudian disusun dalam bentuk katalog digital yang dapat diakses melalui website issuu.com. Katalog ini tidak hanya menjadi dokumentasi visual atas dinamika stasiun, tetapi juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran publik mengenai pentingnya nilai budaya dan sosial transportasi umum di kawasan Bandung Raya. Melalui katalog ini, kondisi dan dinamika kehidupan di stasiun-stasiun lokal Bandung Raya berhasil direpresentasikan secara visual dan mendalam.
Climate Variability in a Warm Past
Authors:   , Oldeman Arthur Merlijn
Published: December 2024

The Earth is warming, this is due to human actions, it has life-threatening consequences, and there are things we can do to stop it. The climate of the future depends on future emissions, but also on the dynamics of the Earth. The internal behaviour of the climate causes climate variations such as El Niño. Simulations of the future do not always agree on how these kinds of climate variations change, and we do not have measurements of the future to compare with model simulations. Fortunately, we can go back to the distant past. In the past, the Earth also saw periods with high CO2 concentrations and increased temperatures, even though reasons were different. In addition, we have measurements and reconstructions of these that we can compare with our model simulations. One of the periods that are comparable to the future in terms of CO2 concentrations and warming is the Pliocene, a period about three million years ago, after the dinosaurs and before the ice ages. In this thesis we investigate climate variations in model simulations of the Pliocene, and the role that elevated CO2 had in the climate of that time. We find that El Niño, but also other climate variations, were considerably weaker than today, partly due to shifts in tropical circulation patterns. These changes are partly related to elevated CO2, but also to other conditions in the Pliocene such as smaller ice sheets and closed ocean gateways. Ultimately, we better understand what drove changes in climate variations in the past, but we also see that direct comparisons with the future should be carefully constructed.
ACADEMIC CONFLICTS IN RESEARCH ARTICLE DISCUSSIONS: THE CASE OF INDONESIAN AND MALAYSIAN AUTHORS
Authors: Warsidi Warsidi , Maniam Vegneskumar
Published: December 2024

Since academic authors aim to enhance the value of their current research findings compared to earlier studies, understanding how to convince journal gatekeepers is crucial. This study analysed the use of academic conflict units in English research article discussions (RADs) published in reputable Indonesian and Malaysian journals within the discipline of language education. The analysis employed four academic conflict units as an analytical framework. The results revealed that both Indonesian and Malaysian RADs tended to employ proposing claims (PC), but the other three academic conflict units, namely, inconsistency indicator (II), opposing claims (OC), and conflict resolution (CR) were rarely used.  Regarding gaining visibility and recognition in international knowledge sharing, this finding appears to contradict English RADs written by native English authors published in highly reputable journals. It also suggests that authors discuss their research findings by establishing a global context, comparing them with international literature, and concluding their research articles by considering broader impacts. This finding may offer insights into the literature and draw implications for designing academic writing instruction.
SINTAKSIS KATA GANTI NAMA DALAM BAHASA KINTAQ
Authors: Zulkefli Nur Anis Syafiqa , Mohamed Sultan Fazal Mohamed , Mohamad Noor Ropiah Muhamad Asytar , Muhamed Sanari Nur Faqihah Hanim
Published: December 2024

Makalah ini membincangkan tentang Kata Ganti Nama (KGN) yang wujud dalam bahasa suku Kintaq di Perak menerusi analisis sintaksis. KGN merupakan penanda untuk mewakili orang yang sedang bercakap, orang yang mendengar dan orang ketiga yang dimaksudkan dalam sesuatu perbualan. Pengkaji telah mengadakan kajian lapangan ke penempatan yang didiami oleh penutur natif Kintaq iaitu Kampung Bukit Asu, Lenggong, Perak. Kajian ini akan menumpukan kepada setiap kategori Kata Ganti Nama Diri (KGND), iaitu KGND Pertama, KGND Kedua dan KGND Ketiga suku Kintaq. Data yang diambil ialah data primer kerana data ini telah dikumpulkan melalui kaedah temu bual penutur natif suku Kintaq semasa pengkaji menjalankan kajian lapangan. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat lapan leksikal KGN secara keseluruhannya. Pecahan leksikal tersebut ialah tiga KGND Pertama, dua KGND Kedua dan tiga KGND Ketiga. Program Minimalis juga membantu kajian ini untuk memberikan fitur kepada KGN Kintaq yang mempunyai kasus nominatif, akusatif mahupun genetif apabila berada pada kedudukan tertentu dalam ayat.
ENGLISH-MEDIUM INSTRUCTION PROGRAMME IN MALAYSIA: READABILITY OF SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS USED IN DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAMME AT PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Idris Nur Ilyani , Ali Nor Liza , Mohd Don Zuraidah
Published: December 2024

The use of English as a medium of instruction in the teaching of science and mathematics in the Dual Language Programme (DLP) in Malaysia is to increase students’ exposure to English in developing English proficiency to meet globalisation needs. One of the main issues in the implementation of DLP is student readiness to learn science in English. This study examines the readability of primary school science textbooks using Text Inspector to ascertain the difficulty level of the English used. One unit from Year 1 to Year 6 of science textbooks were analysed. The analysis used two features of the Text Inspector: Lexis: EVP and Scorecard. The findings indicate that the language used in science textbooks is beyond CEFR level B2, which suggests that the readability exceeds the primary students’ English proficiency, hence affecting their ability to comprehend the textbooks. In addition, the findings showed that the readability of the science textbooks does not differ much from Year 1 to Year 6. The study found that the readability of the science textbooks used in primary school is inappropriate; hence, proposes policy and pedagogical implications for teachers to support students learning of science in English.
PUZZLINGUISTICS: A TYPOLOGY OF LUDIC LANGUAGE BASED CLUES FOR IN-GAME PUZZLES IN ROLE-PLAYING GAMES
Authors: Purnama SF. Lukfianka Sanjaya , Nababan Mangatur , Santosa Riyadi , Purnomo SF. Luthfie Arguby
Published: December 2024

Hundreds of role-playing video games have been produced since the creation of the first title of the genre, Dungeons and Dragons, in 1974. These titles incorporate one common feature in the genre, puzzle. In designing a puzzle which primarily revolves around its major element which is clue design, language contributes to the playfulness and playability of the game itself. This study attempts to explore the roles of ludic language in designing clues with regards to the user’s functions of the games. The study employed Crystal’s ludic language, Danesi’s puzzling language, Caillois’ ludus theory, Huizinga’s play function, and Aarseth’s user functions on twenty-three role playing video games or commonly abbreviated as RPGs and their sub-genres. The study further proposes a typology of clues. This typology comprises clues which are orbital, conditional, collocative, referential, indicative, reflective, reversal, and signalling. Game developers could employ the results of this study as a consideration in designing puzzles in video games especially role-playing video game genres.
GENDER-INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE USAGE IN ACADEMIA: EXPLORING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Mañoso-Pacheco Lidia , Sánchez-Cabrero Roberto
Published: December 2024

The utilisation of gender-inclusive language, aimed at promoting equal treatment between men and women, has sparked both positive and negative reactions in Spanish society. Consequently, it has evolved into an ideological issue that transcends linguistic boundaries. This study examines the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding the use of non-sexist language in the academic environment. Specifically, it analyses the current level of usage and acceptance among the study population, while also investigating the correlation between the language of instruction (Spanish vs. English) and participants’ stance on this matter. Given the ongoing debate surrounding its usage, it is essential to identify the factors that influence the opinions of student teachers. Ad hoc questionnaires were administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 348 undergraduate students from Spain. The results indicated widespread adoption of inclusive language, with most participants considering it necessary in daily life and academia. Non-biased linguistic forms were notably prevalent in the L1 context, and nearly half reported using them to enhance academic performance. Age and academic year did not significantly influence these perceptions, as confirmed by Spearman’s correlation analyses. However, gender and university degree emerged as critical factors, with female participants showing a stronger inclination toward its use for academic purposes.
miR-185-5p regulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Feng Xuanran , Du Xue , Yang Xiaoyu , Chen Changqi , Liang Zhanping , Xu Xiaonan , Wang Yi , Zheng Jialin C. , Xia Xiaohuan , Liu Jianhui
Published: December 2024

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as an essential regulator of the cell fate commitment of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs), although the impacts of certain miRNAs on NPCs remain vague. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulatory effects of miR-185-5p on the cell fate commitment of NPCs.

Methods

We investigated the impact of miR-185-5p on the proliferation and differentiation capacities of primary NPCs by manipulating the expression of miR-185-5p using specific mimics and inhibitors. The effects of miR-185-5p on NPCs was confirmed in vivo through stereotactic injection of miR-185-5p antagonists to the brains of mice at postnatal day 1 (P1).

Results

The expression levels of miR-185-5p kept increasing in the differentiation process of NPCs in vivo and in vitro. Perturbation of miR-185-5p’s function showed that miR-185-5p inhibited NPCs’ proliferation and promoted embryonic NPCs to differentiate more favorably to the glial lineage. We then validated the anti-proliferation and pro-glial roles of miR-185-5p using NPCs isolated from P1 mouse brains. In vivo study further showed enlarged NPCs pools and inhibited gliogenesis in the brains of P1 mice after animals received antagomir-185-5p.

Conclusion

Our study suggests miR-185-5p as an important regulator for the proliferation and glial fate commitment of NPCs.
Unique Leishmania mexicana clones secrete populations of extracellular vesicles with unique protein profile and variable infectious capability
Authors: Dong George , Douanne Noélie , Fernandez-Prada Christopher , Olivier Martin
Published: December 2024

The study of extracellular vesicles has become an incredibly important field of study, but the inherent heterogeneity of these vesicles continues to make their study challenging. The genetic variability and well-documented protocols for the growth and vesicle isolation from Leishmania parasites provide a unique opportunity to compare the heterogeneity of different populations secreted by Leishmania clones. Leishmania mexicana was cultured on solid SDM agar plates and 8 clonal colonies were selected. The EVs collected from the liquid cultures of these 8 clones were assessed by NTA, TEM, and proteomic analysis. We found that all 8 clonal L. mexicana cultures were visually indistinguishable from each other and had similar growth rate, and these physical similarities extended to their EVs. However, proteomic analysis reveals that the EVs collected have unique protein profiles compared to each other and EVs isolated from a heterogeneous liquid culture of L. mexicana. We selected 3 clonal EVs for further mouse infection experiments and found that EVs from CL7 L. mexicana consistently caused reduced footpad swelling in C57BL6 mice footpads compared to EVs from CL1, CL8, and heterogenous L. mexicana. This trend was not observed when infecting Balb/C mice and C57BL6 with the parasites alone, with only CL1 L. mexicana causing significantly increased infection in Balb/c mice. Our results together show that EVs isolated from different clonal colonies of L. mexicana have distinct differences in protein cargo which can lead to varying outcomes on Leishmania infection. Further evaluation will be needed to determine the underlying mechanisms behind this and verify that differences observed in infectivity are directly caused by variations between our L. mexicana clones, especially genetic sequencing and immunoblotting to validate our results.
Screening and regulatory mechanism exploration of M1 macrophage polarization and efferocytosis-related biomarkers in coronary heart disease
Authors: Gao Hong , Li Junhua , Huang Jianxin , Jiang Xiaojie
Published: December 2024

Background

Macrophage polarization and efferocytosis have been implicated in CHD. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to identify CHD-associated biomarkers using transcriptomic data.

Methods

This study examined 74 efferocytosis-related genes (ERGs) and 17 M1 macrophage polarization-related genes (MRGs) across two CHD-relevant datasets, GSE113079 and GSE42148. Differential expression analysis was performed separately on each dataset to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs1 and DEGs2). The intersection of upregulated and downregulated genes from both sets was then used to define the final DEGs. Subsequently, MRG and ERG scores were calculated within the GSE113079 dataset, followed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key module genes. The overlap between these module genes and the DEGs yielded candidate biomarkers, which were further evaluated through machine learning, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and expression profiling. These biomarkers were subsequently leveraged to explore immune infiltration patterns and to construct a molecular regulatory network. To further validate their expression, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed on clinical CHD samples, confirming the relevance and expression patterns of these biomarkers in the disease.

Results

A total of 93 DEGs were identified by intersecting the upregulated and downregulated genes from DEGs1 and DEGs2. WGCNA of the MRG and ERG scores identified 15,936 key module genes in the GSE113079 dataset. Machine learning and ROC analysis highlighted four biomarkers: C5orf58, CTAG1A, ZNF180, and IL13RA1. Among these, C5orf58, and ZNF180 were downregulated in CHD cases, while CTAG1A and IL13RA1 was upregulated. qRT-PCR results validated these findings for C5orf58, CTAG1A, ZNF180, and IL13RA1 showed inconsistent expression trends. Immune infiltration analysis indicated IL13RA1 all had a positive correlation with M0 macrophage, while had a negative correlation with. NK cells activated. The molecular regulatory network displayed that GATA2 and YY1 could regulate CTAG1A and ZNF180.

Conclusions

These results suggest that C5orf58, CTAG1A, ZNF180, and IL13RA1 serve as biomarkers linking M1 macrophage polarization and efferocytosis to CHD, providing valuable insights for CHD diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
A systematic narrative review of the involvement of executive functions in flying performance of pilots
Authors: Enriquez-Geppert Stefanie , Smit Diede , de Boer Marike C. , Daneshnia Negin , Lafont Alex , Dehais Frédéric
Published: December 2024

Piloting is a complex task that demands robust cognitive functions to handle multiple tasks simultaneously in a constantly changing environment. As a result, cognitive abilities, particularly executive functions (EFs), have gained significant importance in relation to flight performance. However, the specific EFs most critical for predicting flight performance remain unclear. Understanding the exact nature of this relationship has the potential to advance research on pilot selection procedures, cockpit design, and influence cognitive training approaches to ultimately improve flight safety. This systematic review aims to pinpoint the most pertinent EFs for various aspects of airplane piloting. A systematic narrative literature review was conducted with a framework focusing on four EFs: working memory updating, set-shifting, response inhibition, and conflict monitoring, as well as three key aspects of flight performance: flying, navigating, and communicating. The findings suggest that multiple EFs predict flight performance outcomes. Notably, working memory updating significantly predicts the management of communication tasks and the making of critical decisions requiring mental flexibility. However, other specific EFs remain understudied. To advance this research area, we recommend conceptualizing EFs and flying measures based on existing theoretical frameworks, using measures sensitive to specific EFs, evaluating flying performance in simulated or real flights, controlling or accounting for factors that affect EFs and flying performance, and investigating the ameliorative potential of EFs with end results on flight performance.
Association of different types of milk with depression and anxiety: a prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wu Chunying , Liu Yusheng , Lai Yigui , Wang Qiang , Wu Siqi , Fan Huijie , Liu Yanyan , Zhao Xiaoshan , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: December 2024

Background

The relationship between different types of milk and depression and anxiety remains unclear, with limited evidence from prospective cohort studies. This study aims to evaluate this relationship using data from the UK Biobank cohort and to explore its potential causality through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between different milk types and the risk of depression and anxiety among 357,568 UK Biobank participants free of these conditions at baseline. To further explore causality, a 2-sample MR analysis was conducted using data from the FinnGen study.

Results

During a median follow-up period of 13.5 years (interquartile range, 12.6–14.2 years), among 357,568 participants (mean [SD] age, 56.83 [8.06] years, 171,246 male individuals [47.9%]), a total of 13,065 and 13,339 participants were diagnosed with depression and anxiety, respectively. In the fully adjusted model (adjusted for sociodemographics characteristics, lifestyle behaviors and health indicators), full cream milk was related to a lower risk of anxiety (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.94). Semi-skimmed milk had a lower risk of depression (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.96) and anxiety (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.98). No significant relationships were found between skimmed milk and depression/anxiety. Other types were related to an increased risk of depression (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.28). After Bonferroni correction, the 2-sample MR analysis revealed a potential protective causal relationship between semi-skimmed milk and depression (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.95, p = 0.006) and anxiety (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59–0.85, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that semi-skimmed milk consumption may be linked to a lower risk of depression and anxiety, potentially highlighting its role in dietary strategies to promote mental health.
Monitoring central nervous system tumour metabolism using cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Whitby Alison , Dandapani Madhumita
Published: December 2024

Central nervous system (CNS) tumours are the most common cancer cause of death in under 40s in the UK, largely because they persist and recur and sometimes metastasise during treatment. Therefore, longitudinal monitoring of patients during and following treatment must be undertaken to understand the course of the disease and alter treatment plans reactively. This monitoring must be specific, sensitive, rapid, low cost, simple, and accepted by the patient. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination obtained following lumbar puncture, already a routine part of treatment in paediatric cases, could be better utilised with improved biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the potential for metabolites in the CSF to be used as biomarkers of CNS tumour remission, progression, response to drugs, recurrence and metastasis. We confer the clinical benefits and risks of this approach and conclude that there are many potential advantages over other tests and the required instrumentation is already present in UK hospitals. On the other hand, the approach needs more research investment to find more metabolite biomarkers, better understand their relation to the tumour, and validate those biomarkers in a standardised assay in order for the assay to become a clinical reality.
A 16-week progressive exercise training intervention in treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a randomised-controlled pilot study
Authors: Brown Frankie F. , Oliver Rebecca , Eddy Rachel , Causer Adam J. , Emery Annabelle , Collier-Bain Harrison D. , Dutton David , Crowe Josephine , Augustine Daniel , Graby John , Rees Daniel , Rothschild-Rodriguez Daniela , Peacock Oliver J. , Moore Sally , Murray James , Turner James E. , Campbell John P.
Published: December 2024

Background

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) typically presents with asymptomatic, early-stage disease that is monitored until disease progression (‘treatment-naïve’ CLL). The objective of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and preliminary safety of an exercise program in treatment-naïve CLL. We also sought to preliminarily assess the impact of the exercise program on disease activity, as it has been proposed that exercise training may reduce disease outgrowth in treatment-naïve CLL.

Methods

A total of 40 treatment-naïve CLL patients were recruited into this randomised-controlled pilot study, and after screening, n = 28 were randomised into a 16-week, home-based, partially supervised, personalised, progressive exercise intervention (n = 14: mean ± SD: age = 62 ± 12 years) or 16 weeks of usual care, control group (n = 14: mean ± SD: age = 61 ± 10 years). The primary outcome measures were safety (number and severity of adverse events) and feasibility (uptake, retention, and adherence to the trial). Disease activity (CD5+/CD19+ CLL cells clonally restricted to kappa or lambda) and other immune cell phenotypes, with a principal focus on T cells, were measured by flow cytometry. Other secondary outcomes included DEXA-derived body composition, cardiorespiratory and functional fitness, resting cardiovascular measures.

Results

Trial uptake was 40%, and the overall retention rate was 86%, with 79% of the exercise group and 93% of the control group completing the trial. Adherence to the exercise intervention was 92 ± 8%. One serious adverse event was reported unrelated to the trial, and one adverse event related to the trial was reported. The exercise intervention elicited a 2% increase in DEXA-derived lean mass in the exercise group compared with a 0.4% decrease in the control group (p = 0.01). No between-group differences were observed over time for whole-body mass, BMI, bone mineral density, body fat, blood pressure resting heart rate, or measures of cardiorespiratory or functional fitness (all p > 0.05). No between-group differences were observed over time for clonal CLL cells and CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell subsets (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The exercise training program used in this study was feasible in people with treatment-naïve CLL who passed pre-trial screening, and we preliminarily conclude that the exercise training program was safe and also resulted in an increase in lean mass.

Clinical trial registration

https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN55166064, identifier ISRCTN 55166064.
A wide-range temperature sensor with a single diode laser based on H2O absorption spectra near 1850.5 nm
Authors: Ai Suman , Xu Zhenyu , Huang An , Deng Hao , Niu Rantong , Kan Ruifeng
Published: December 2024

We have developed a compact sensor utilizing a tunable diode laser near 1850.5 nm to measure H₂O absorption for wide-range temperature diagnostics. The sensor’s performance was experimentally evaluated in a tube furnace at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1800 K and pressures from 3.5 to 103 kPa, showing a relative error between the measured and set temperatures of −2%–3.5%. The numerical simulations confirmed the sensor’s suitability for temperature measurements between 500 and 2500 K, with the accuracy of absorbance extraction being a critical factor. The above results suggest that the sensor is highly effective for temperature measurement across a broad range and holds potential for applications in aerospace and industrial combustion diagnostics.
Differential editing efficiencies in cereal crops: a comparative analysis of tRNA and ribozyme multiplexed guide delivery
Authors: Milner Matthew J. , Sharma Manisha , Bates Ruth E. , Whiting Michelle , Craze Melanie S. , Miller Peter , Brooks Jack , Kouidri Allan , Wallington Emma J.
Published: December 2024

Cereal transformation and gene editing can be a complex and costly undertaking. It is therefore important to validate and understand the performance of the components to achieve high rates of transformation and gene editing. Here, we have made a direct comparison of different CRISPR/Cas9 guide systems to target the genome in three cereal species. We show that the guide sequences driven by the same pol II promoter in rice, wheat and barley show large differences in editing efficiency. The differences seen were based on the way the guides were presented and factors outside of the guide sequence itself. While both the tRNA system and ribozyme system performed well in rice, their effectiveness varied in wheat and barley. Specifically, the tRNA system outperformed the ribozyme system, achieving higher rates of editing in stable transformed plants. Overall, high levels of editing are observed in all three species when strong expression of the SpCas9 is coupled with the CmYLCV promoter to drive a tRNA array of guide RNAs. Stable inheritance is also achievable in all three species when plants are sampled shortly after the tissue culture concludes. Overall, inheritance rates were above 85% in all three species, particularly when mutations are detected early after plants emerge from tissue culture.
Lymphadenectomy in the treatment of sarcomas – indications and technique
Authors: Dunaj Piotr , Żukowska Ewa , Czarnecka Anna M. , Krotewicz Maria , Borkowska Aneta , Chmiel Paulina , Świtaj Tomasz , Rutkowski Piotr
Published: December 2024

Sarcomas are a rare type of malignancy with limited treatment options so far. This analysis aimed to describe the impact of lymphadenectomy on treating sarcoma patients. Sarcomas characterized by lymphatic spread are rare. For this reason, lymphadenectomy is not a procedure that is performed frequently. However, there are histological subtypes that spread more frequently through lymphatic vessels, such as rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), epithelioid sarcoma (ES), clear cell sarcoma (CCS), and angiosarcoma. On the other hand, synovial sarcoma (SS) is not characterized by an increased tendency to lymphogenous metastases. In our study, we focus on these subtypes of sarcomas. The relationship between lymphadenectomy results and the subsequent prognosis of the patients was investigated. Metastases in the lymph nodes are diagnosed synchronously with distant metastases or when the primary tumor is detected. At the same time, despite lymphadenectomy, sarcoma patients developed further distant metastases. Currently, lymphadenectomy is not a routinely recommended method of treatment for patients with sarcomas. Most often, its potential use is indicated in the case of epithelioid sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma after a previous positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) result. Multicenter randomized prospective clinical trials on the role of lymphadenectomy in the treatment of sarcomas are needed.
Determination Model of Epidermal Wettability for Apple Rootstock Cutting Based on the Improved U-Net
Authors: Wang Xu , Liu Lixing , Zou Jinxuan , Liu Hongjie , Li Jianping , Wang Pengfei , Yang Xin
Published: December 2024

Keeping the epidermis of apple rootstock cuttings moist is important for maintaining physiological activities. It is necessary to monitor the epidermis moisture in real time during the growth process of apple rootstock cuttings. A machine vision-based discrimination model for the moisture degree of cuttings’ epidermis was designed. This model optimizes the structure of the semantic segmentation model U-Net. The model takes the Saturation channel and Value channel information of the cutting images in the HSV color space as the characteristics of the cuttings’ moisture, so that the model has good performance in the blue-purple supplementary light environment. The average accuracy of the improved model is 95.07% for dry and wet cuttings without supplementary light, and 84.83% with supplementary light. The humidification system implanted in the model can control the atomizer to complete the task of moisturizing the cuttings’ epidermis. The average moisture retention rate of the humidification system for cuttings was 92.5%. Compared with the original model, the moisturizing effect of the humidification system increased by 26.87%. The experimental results show that the improved U-Net model has good generalization and high accuracy, which provides a method for the design of an accurate humidification system.