bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal relations in the Karen highlands of northern Thailand
Authors: Phatthanaphraiwan Suwichan , Greene Alexander M.
Published: February 2025

Karen communities in northern Thailand work to maintain reciprocal relations with the plants, animals and spirits with whom they coexist. They conceive of these relations as essential to the maintenance of community health, food security, and a balanced climate and environment.

Calling upon the natural affordances between certain plants and animals and specific spirits who care for them, Karen communities have traditionally used customary regulations and ritual actions to ensure these three forms of security: health; food; environment and climate.

Drawing upon the traditional knowledge of the first author, a Karen rights activist, musician and professor, and supplemented by examples drawn from ethnographic fieldwork conducted by both authors, we lay out a framework for understanding reciprocity in Pgaz K'Nyau Karen communities in northern Thailand.

This framework presents Karen relationality as a tripartite system in which each group of beings (humans; plants and animals; and spirits) is connected to the others through customary regulations, prayers, rituals and affordances. Only by maintaining these relations can the security of all beings be ensured.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
RAS Pathway Mutations and Therapeutics in Vascular Anomalies
Authors: Alharbi Sara , Merkle Svatava , Hammill Adrienne M. , Waters Andrew M. , Le Cras Timothy D.
Published: February 2025

Vascular anomalies (VAs) are a diverse group of vascular tumors and vascular malformations (VMs). VMs are characterized by abnormal vessel development, overgrowth, and dysfunction. Coagulopathy, edema, and effusions can cause severe morbidity and mortality in children and adults with these diseases. Germline or somatic mutations in the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway have been identified in multiple types of VAs. RAS genes (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) are small GTPase proteins that play an important role in normal development and cell function. In healthy cells, RAS proteins cycle between GDP (inactive) and GTP (active) states that regulate important functions such as proliferation, migration, and survival. “Hot spot” mutations in codons 12, 13, or 61 of RAS genes are found in multiple tumor types and VAs. RAS mutations often cause excessive MAP kinase signaling, driving unchecked cell proliferation. In this review, we discuss the different RAS pathway mutations discovered in VAs and the role that these may play using insights from cell and animal models. Current therapies targeting RAS pathways are presented. In the future, a better understanding of the role of RAS pathway mutations may advance therapeutic strategies for people with VAs.
Effect of process parameters on the weld quality of 3D printed PLA‐CF sheets by FSW process
Authors: Anac Nergizhan , Kocar Oğuz , Palaniappan Sathish Kumar , Parmaksiz Furkan , Mutlu Emel , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart
Published: February 2025

Friction stir welding (FSW) process is commonly used in the joining of similar/dissimilar materials. FSW involves process parameters that can affect the weld quality. To enhance this, it is important to accurately determine the process parameters. In this study, the weldability of 3D printed carbon fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid (PLA‐CF) sheets has been investigated using FSW. The process was carried out with three different tool pin geometries (triangle, square, and screw), feed rates (20, 40, and 60 mm/min) and tool rotational speeds (1250, 1750, and 2250 rpm). Tensile tests were conducted and hardness measurements were taken to discuss the effects of process parameters on weld quality. Temperature values were measured to examine the impact of tool pin geometry on the heat generation during welding. Finally, visual and microstructure examinations were conducted in the weld zone to assess the changes in weld strength. As a result, it has been determined that weld strength is significantly influenced by the process parameters. Accordingly, the best weld quality was achieved with triangular pin profile at a traverse speed of 40 mm/min and a rotation speed of 1250 rpm (UTS: 43.6 MPa, efficiency 79.6%), while for square pin (UTS: 49.2 MPa, efficiency 89.8%) and screw pin (UTS: 44.9 MPa, efficiency 81.9%) geometries, the optimal values are 20 mm/min and 2250 rpm. The distribution of CF reinforcement is uniform in high weld strength samples, while with lower weld quality samples, the distribution is irregular. This indicates that the reinforcement of CF has significant effect on weld strength.

Highlights

Investigate the weldability of 3D printed PLA‐CF plates through FSW process.

Examines the impact of pin geometry, feed rates, and tool rotational speeds.

Determine the welding strength and temperature generated during welding.

Choice of the square pin geometry is more suitable for joining PLA‐CF plates.

Visual and microstructure examinations were conducted in the weld zone.
Experimental investigation on axial compression properties of bamboo winding thin‐walled tubes under different winding angles
Authors: Li Haitao , Liu Shuai , Wu Yiqiang , Liu Yu , Shen Xinqi
Published: February 2025

To explore the effect of the bamboo winding angle on the axial compression properties and failure modes of bamboo winding thin‐walled tubes (BWTT), an axial compression test was conducted in this study. Seven distinct winding angles were considered. The micro‐morphology of parenchyma cells, fibers, and epoxy resin was observed based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computed tomography (CT). The micro failure mechanism of BWTT was revealed. The results show that the winding angle has a significant impact on the axial compression performance of BWTT. With the increase in the winding angle, the load‐bearing capacity of BWTT declines, whereas its ductility improves. Additionally, six strength criteria were adopted to evaluate the compressive strength of BWTT, among which the Hankinson criterion (n = 2.33) demonstrated favorable applicability. The continuous strength method (CSM) was also adopted to predict the compressive strength of BWTT, and a good correspondence was observed between the predicted and test results. An axial stress–strain model of BWTT was proposed, which was based on the Ramberg – Osgood (RO) model and considered the angle influence parameters mθ and nθ. The model results agree well with test results and can provide a theoretical foundation for the application of BWTT.

Highlights

Winding angle has a significant impact on the axial compression properties of BWTT.

The failure mechanism of BWTT was analyzed by SEM and CT.

Hankinson criterion (n = 2.33) and CSM can predict the compressive strength of BWTT.

Considering the winding angle, the compressive stress–strain model is proposed.
Relationships Among Components of Critical Thinking Disposition in Primary School Students: An Investigation Based on Hungarian Context
Authors: Zhao Yangyintao , Liu Yong , Pásztor Attila , Molnár Gyöngyvér
Published: February 2025

Critical thinking disposition (CTD) is regarded as a personal trait within critical thinking (CT), representing an individual's tendency and attitude toward actively employing CT skills (CTS). Previous research has predominantly focused on the external influencing factors of CTD, with limited exploration into CTD itself and the interactions among its internal components. Additionally, most studies have concentrated on higher education, while insufficient attention has been given to the CTD of students in basic education. This study surveyed 900 Hungarian primary school students (Mage = 13.82; SD = 1.04) using the Employer–Employee Supported CTD Inventory (2ES‐CTDI) and employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM) and Importance‐Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) to examine the predictive relationships among the components of CTD, as well as the performance and priorities of different components. This study provides a novel perspective in the field of CTD, contributing to a deeper understanding of the CTD framework and the interactions among its components, and offering empirical support and priority areas for basic education practitioners to better foster students' CTD.
Relative Deprivation Mediates the Relationship Between Social Exclusion and Adolescent Depression
Authors: Duran Mucuk Makbule , Şahin Ekrem Sedat
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of relative deprivation in the relationship between social exclusion and depression in adolescents. A total of 437 (269 female, 168 male) adolescents (78 9th, 106 10th, 192 11th, and 61 12th‐grade students) from four different high schools in Turkey participated in the study. Latent variable mediated structural model and bootstrap analysis were used to analyse the research data collected with Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale Short Form, Social Exclusion Experience Scale for Adolescents, and Relative Deprivation Scale for Adolescents. In the study, it was found that there is a moderate, positive, and significant relationship between social exclusion and depression (β = 0.50, p < 0.001), social exclusion and relative deprivation (β = 0.64, p < 0.001), and relative deprivation and depression (β = 0.54, p < 0.001) in adolescent individuals. It was also found that relative deprivation mediated the relationship between social exclusion and depression (β = 0.23, 95% CI [0.11, 0.32]). To prevent the social exclusion and relative deprivation experienced by adolescents, school counselors can help students improve their communication and problem‐solving skills. In this way, it can also contribute to the prevention of adolescent depression.
Exploring the Sequential Mediation Effects of Perceived Social Support, Perceived Hope, and Perceived Stress on the Subjective Well‐Being of University Students: An Empirical Cross‐Sectional Study From Taiwan
Authors: Chih‐Cheng Lo , Wei‐Sho Ho , Yi‐Hsin Liu , Yao‐Chung Cheng
Published: February 2025

This study explored the effects of perceived social support on university students’ subjective well‐being in Taiwan, with perceived hope and stress serving as sequential mediators grounded in Social Support Theory and Hope Theory. Conducted in April 2022 through convenience sampling, the study utilized four scales: the Social Support Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, State Hope Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Collaboration with 21 professors across various universities aided in distributing online questionnaires via social media, including Facebook, Instagram, and LINE. The sample included students from 67 of Taiwan's 126 universities, totaling 586 valid responses from 630 participants. The demographic comprised 213 males (36.3%) and 373 females (63.7%), aged 18–26 years, with an average age of 21. Analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between perceived social support and well‐being, suggesting higher social support correlates with greater well‐being. Perceived social support significantly increased perceived hope, which then mediated well‐being. Similarly, lower perceived stress, which was inversely related to social support, mediated well‐being enhancements. The sequential mediation of hope and stress in this relationship underscores the importance of bolstering social support and fostering hope while reducing stress to enhance student well‐being. These findings illuminate potential approaches for mental health interventions and highlight the necessity for continued research in this area.
The Effects of Six‐Week Mindfulness Training on Mindfulness, Inner Peace, Emotion Regulation, and Mind Wandering in Chinese Migrant Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gong Wenxiao , Leng Tao , Ding Yanyan , Wang Sisi , Qi Zhenzhen , Wang Yuzheng
Published: February 2025

Migrant children are more likely to experience challenging circumstances and exhibit greater emotional and behavioral difficulties than native children. Nowadays, mindfulness training (MT) has been employed as a means of enhancing health‐related outcomes in children and adolescents, with promising results. The present study employed a randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of 6 weeks of MT on mindfulness, inner peace, mind wandering, and emotion in migrant children. Ninety‐two migrant children with a mean age of 9.74 ± 0.96 years, ranging from 8 to 11 years, participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the MT or control (CON) group, with their final exam scores being balanced. In the end, 46 children participated in the MT group, and 46 children participated in the CON group. Participants in the MT group received MT for 6 weeks with 2 sessions per week (20 min/session). Students in the CON group completed academic self‐study during the same time period. Participants completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale—children, the Peace of Mind Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the Mind Wandering Questionnaire before and after the 6 weeks. MT significantly improved the migrant children's mindfulness and peace of mind and reduced negative affect and mind wandering. This study made a significant contribution to the feasibility and efficacy of MT in migrant children.
Dinitroacetylene: Can It be Made?
Authors: Harter Lara , Bélanger‐Chabot Guillaume , Rahm Martin
Published: February 2025

With a predicted record‐high heat of formation, energy density, and outstanding performance as a rocket propellant, dinitroacetylene stretches the imagination for what is possible in terms of organic chemical explosives and monopropellants. In this study, we employ quantum chemical methods to predict its thermodynamic properties, ionization potential, electron affinity, ultraviolet‐visible spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, and vibrational spectra, and to investigate proposed decomposition mechanisms. While unimolecular decomposition pathways are predicted to have high activation energies, nitrogen oxide radical species—commonly present in reaction mixtures of energetic materials—are found to significantly catalyze the decomposition of dinitroacetylene. This catalytic effect may explain previous unsuccessful synthesis attempts. A frontier orbital analysis suggests that partial reduction could increase the C─N bond order, offering a strategy to stabilize this elusive high‐energy‐density material.
Pseudo‐Oxide Metal Carbodiimides: Potential Burn Rate Modifier for the Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Ma Zili , Yin Yanjun , Yin Yuzhong , Liu Zhijun , Yin Xiaojie , Han Yang , Hei Jinpei , Wang Nanan , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2025

As a strong oxidizer, ammonium perchlorate (AP) is one of the most paramount raw materials in composite solid propellants (CSP) formulations, and the thermal decomposition features of AP would directly impact the energy release and the impulsion performance of CSP. CuNCN as an example of metal carbodiimides is explored as a burn rate modifier for AP decomposition, given their oxide counterpart belonging to typical burn rate modifiers. Our results reveal that the as‐prepared CuNCN can effectively accelerate the thermal decomposition of AP. The CuNCN as additive in AP mixture can reduce the activation energy of decomposition of AP and bring down the HTD of AP decomposition by 84°C. The present study highlights on the effective application of metal carbodiimides in the thermally enhanced decomposition of AP.
Synergistic Effects of Catalyst on Phase Stabilization and Combustion Promotion of Ammonium Nitrate in Hydroxyl‐terminated Polybutadiene‐based Composite Solid Propellant
Authors: Dattakumar Phondekar Prabhat , Biswas Shelly
Published: February 2025

Conventional solid propellants have used ammonium perchlorate (AP) as the efficient oxidizer; however, it emits toxic HCl gas during combustion. Therefore, employing green oxidizers such as ammonium nitrate (AN) is one approach to reduce exhaust emissions. However, AN suffers from the drawback of phase transitions at room temperatures. The present study tries to stabilize phases of AN and increase the performance of AN/AP‐based composite solid propellants (CSPs) by adding ferrocene and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). AP has been partially replaced by AN because utilization of pure AN‐based propellant has been challenging in hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene‐based CSPs. The theoretical studies are carried out to understand the effects of AN/AP on specific impulse (Isp), characteristic velocity (C*), Ivac, etc. on the propellant. Burning rate studies have been carried out at different pressures and flame characterization studies have been conducted at ambient pressure conditions. From the above studies, it was observed that in the presence of AP and catalysts such as ferrocene and V2O5, the burning rate, and flame temperature of the propellant sample have increased significantly. Thermal decomposition studies have been performed for AN/AP‐based propellant samples. Initially, it was observed that there are three phase transition peaks of AN in the AN/AP‐based propellant sample but with the addition of both ferrocene and V2O5 the numbers of endothermic peaks are found to decrease. Ferrocene and V2O5 help to stabilize the endothermic phases of AN and also act as burning rate additives by participating in the combustion process of the propellant samples.
Review on Laser Initiation of Energetic Materials
Authors: Fang Xiao , Akhavan Jacqueline
Published: February 2025

Laser initiation of energetic materials has been an interesting and promising research area due to its safety and reliability features and its great potential for initiation device miniaturisation. This article has critically reviewed its research in terms of the effects of essential initiation parameters, including laser wavelength, optical absorption and laser power on its performance. It aims to show the research and development of laser ignition initiation applications, in particular explosive devices. In addition, this article may also give guidance and recommendations for future research and development in laser initiation applications to energetic materials.
Enhancing Functional Protein Design Using Heuristic Optimization and Deep Learning for Anti‐Inflammatory and Gene Therapy Applications
Authors: Patat Ayşenur Soytürk , Nalbantoğlu Özkan Ufuk
Published: February 2025

Protein sequence design is a highly challenging task, aimed at discovering new proteins that are more functional and producible under laboratory conditions than their natural counterparts. Deep learning‐based approaches developed to address this problem have achieved significant success. However, these approaches often do not adequately emphasize the functional properties of proteins. In this study, we developed a heuristic optimization method to enhance key functionalities such as solubility, flexibility, and stability, while preserving the structural integrity of proteins. This method aims to reduce laboratory demands by enabling a design that is both functional and structurally sound. This approach is particularly valuable for the synthetic production of proteins with anti‐inflammatory properties and those used in gene therapy. The designed proteins were initially evaluated for their ability to preserve natural structures using recovery and confidence metrics, followed by assessments with the AlphaFold tool. Additionally, natural protein sequences were mutated using a genetic algorithm and compared with those designed by our method. The results demonstrate that the protein sequences generated by our method exhibit much greater similarity to native protein sequences and structures. The code and sequences for the designed proteins are available at https://github.com/aysenursoyturk/HMHO.
Electrically Driven Strain‐Activated Defect Emission from Hexagonal Boron Nitride at Room Temperature
Authors: Chen Yongchen , Huang Haoyun , Ge Maowen , Li Wenfei , Zhang Lan , Du Wei , Wang Tao
Published: February 2025

Defect‐related emission in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) could operate at room temperature with high brightness, enabling potential applications in quantum photonics. However, limited by the large bandgap of hBN, defect emission in hBN has mainly been excited in optical ways. Herein, with an Ag nanowire/hBN/graphene tunnel junction, electrically driven strain‐activated defect emission from hBN is demonstrated. The Ag nanowire serves as both the bottom electrode and the strain source to activate the defect in hBN. Under external biases, quantum tunneling occurs preferably at the defect regions in hBN layers, i.e., local conduction channels, leading to sub‐band transition (or defect emission with the electron–photon coupling efficiency about 10−6) from hBN. The bias‐induced electroluminescence spatially overlaps with the laser excited photoluminescence with bias‐independent spectra, indicating that both are originating from the same defects. The research extends the study of defect emission in hBN from optical excitation to electrical excitation, which paves the way for electrically driven hBN‐based light sources.
Prescribed‐Time Event‐Triggered Distributed Optimization With Privacy Protection Over Directed Networks
Authors: Shi Xinli , Fan Deru , Wang Kang , Wan Ying , Wen Guanghui
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on privacy‐preserving distributed convex optimization across directed graphs within a prescribed‐time. To reduce the communication cost and achieve fast convergence, we propose a novel event‐triggered and prescribed‐time convergent distributed optimization algorithm built upon an extended Zero‐Gradient‐Sum method with free initialization. Specifically, we formulate event‐triggering conditions for each agent, ensuring that inter‐agent communication occurs solely upon meeting these conditions, thus significantly reducing communication costs. By the Lyapunov stability theory, the proposed algorithm is proven to achieve an accurate convergence to the optima within a prescribed‐time. Moreover, we establish the absence of Zeno behavior throughout any arbitrary period except the specified convergence time. When the environment exists, eavesdropping attacks, we further provide a privacy‐preserving prescribed‐time event‐triggered distributed algorithm based on state and objective decomposition. Finally, two comprehensive simulations demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithm.
Positive Press, Greener Progress: The Role of ESG Media Reputation in Corporate Energy Innovation
Authors: Tan Weijie , Yan Edward Hengzhou , Chen Xihui Haviour
Published: February 2025

While the role of media in monitoring corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices is increasingly prominent, limited research focuses on the sustainable impact of corporate ESG reputation from an energy strategy perspective in the media context. To address this critical research gap, this study utilizes news report data from Baidu News and patent text data of Chinese A‐share listed companies (2012–2022), applying machine learning and text analysis methods to construct indicators for ESG news sentiment and corporate energy innovation (CEI). Drawing on reputation theory, the study finds that positive ESG sentiment conveyed by media significantly enhances CEI, primarily by alleviating financing constraints and fostering awareness of green business practices. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive impact of ESG news sentiment on CEI is more pronounced in high‐energy‐consuming firms and in regions with better green finance development and stronger ESG governance. The content and attention of ESG news also exhibit distinct heterogeneity, particularly in the environmental and social dimensions. The findings underscore the importance of integrating media‐driven ESG monitoring mechanisms into energy strategies to promote corporate long‐term sustainable development.
Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Using Fe2O3─CeO2─C3N4 Synthesized via KCl–LiCl Molten Salt Method
Authors: Lan Yuanpei , Zou Zhou , Liu Shuang , Murali Arun , Wang Baolei , Jia Qingwei , Wang Shirong
Published: February 2025

In this work, Fe2O3─CeO2─C3N4 (Fe–Ce–CN) catalysts were synthesized in the KCl–LiCl molten salt system, and their photocatalytic properties towards tetracycline (TC) degradation in wastewater were studied. The obtained 0.5 wt.% Fe–Ce–CN, synthesized at 550 °C for 4 h with 0.5 wt.% Fe2O3, had the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency for tetracycline (TC), which achieved degradation ratios of 98.3% and 96.9% for TC solutions at concentrations of 20 mg/L and 80 mg/L, respectively. Characterizations indicated that the 0.5 wt.% Fe–Ce–CN had significantly enhanced photo‐excited electron‐hole separation efficiency and promoted photocatalytic activity. Additionally, superoxide radicals ·O2− and electrons (e−) were identified as the key reactive species for TC degradation with 0.5 wt.% Fe–Ce–CN, attributing to its band structure. The possible enhancement mechanism was discussed and proposed. The findings in this work provide a new approach to preparing high‐performance photocatalysts and offer insights into the Fe–Ce–CN ternary photocatalysts.
Insight Into Interaction of Plasmonic Nanoparticles With Amino Acids
Authors: Boro Bitopan , Warkhedkar Rohan Sunil , Sonkar Rahul , Chowdhury Devasish
Published: February 2025

Amino acids are fundamental building block of proteins which are crucial macromolecule with diverse functionality in living system. So, understanding and harnessing interaction of nanomaterials with amino acids has implications in many technological areas such as nanomedicine, material science and nanotechnology. In this work we studied the interaction of plasmonic nanoparticles such as Au and Ag nanoparticles with amino acids. It was observed that Ag and Au nanoparticles make linear assembly of particles only with a particular amino acids. Au nanoparticles form linear assemblies with Cysteine. Ag nanoparticles form linear assemblies with Methionine and Aspartic acid. Further, it was observed that such chain like assemblies is not depended on size of the nanoparticles and bigger nanoparticles also show linear assemblies. The interaction of Au and Ag nanoparticles with Cysteine, Methionine and Aspartic acid were studied using Uv–visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transformed Infra‐red spectrophotometer, Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and Isothermal Titration Calorimeter (ITC). FDTD simulation was carried out to simulate the electric field intensity of the Au and Ag nanoparticles when interaction with amino acids. A possible mechanism for the chain‐like assembly of these nanoparticles with specific amino acids is discussed in the paper, attributed to dipole‐dipole interactions. Such studies will shed more light on nano‐bio interfaces with implications in many technological areas.
The Review of Human–Machine Collaborative Intelligent Interaction With Driver Cognition in the Loop
Authors: Fu Qianwen , Zhang Lijun , Xu Yiqian , You Fang
Published: February 2025

Background: The traditional human–vehicle relationship and the challenges posed by complex driving scenarios have led to situations where drivers experience ‘Out of the Loop’ (OOTL) cognition, resulting in inefficient human–vehicle communication and a threat to driving safety. Purpose: The cognitive state of drivers in an interactive environment significantly influences the level of collaborative efficiency. This study investigates the interactive logic and interaction modes of intelligent systems that promote driver cognition in the loop, aiming to improve driving experience and safety. Methods: This paper addresses the issue of driver cognition in the loop within human–vehicle collaboration through knowledge graphs and literature reviews to elucidate the evolution of human–vehicle relationships and analyse key elements of collaboration. By examining the characteristics of cognitive behaviours during the driver's perception, understanding, prediction, decision‐making and action phases, it summarizes the impact mechanisms and solutions of the driver's perception, understanding and prediction in the loop, as well as decision‐making and action in the loop on driving tasks. Finally, it provides design strategies and evaluation methods for the development of human–vehicle intelligent systems and intelligent cockpit interaction design.
Effect of Austenitizing Temperature on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Hot Work Die Steels with Different Silicon Content
Authors: Zhang Bin , Lu Shuai , Tan Wei , Ma Zhongqi
Published: February 2025

The study investigates the effects of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and wear resistance of hot work die steels with different silicon (Si) content. The results indicate that the steel with high Si content, austenitized at 1110 °C, exhibits superior wear resistance, which can be attributed to the precipitation of a large amount of fine vanadium carbides during the tempering process. The elevated austenitizing temperature facilitates martensite transformation during quenching and increases the hardness of steels. Low impact toughness is obtained in steels with low Si content austenitized at high temperatures, leading to severe delamination wear during the wear process.
A Stability Indicating HPLC Methodology Applying Quality by Design for the Concurrent Estimation of Luliconazole and Clobetasol Propionate in Cream Formulation
Authors: Dash Dillip Kumar , Sen Ashim Kumar , Sen Dhanya B. , Gohil Dipti
Published: February 2025

Antifungal agents containing azole ring (luliconazole [LULI]) and corticosteroid (clobetasol propionate [CLOB]) combination shows great therapeutic effects on skin infections by eliminating the fungus that is responsible for the infection and reducing the inflammation of the skin. The research work intended to create a liquid chromatographic methodology with stability study for estimating LULI and CLOB applying design of experiment approach. LULI and CLOB were analyzed utilizing a Hypersil BDS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm), using elution solvent comprising 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) combined with methanol in a ratio of 40:60 v/v. The proposed method a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 240 nm. A 32 full factorial design was utilized to optimize the mobile phase. The methodology had undergone validation using ICH strategies. The study on force degradation was conducted for the cream formulation containing both the drugs. The satisfactory linearity range for LULI was found to be 10–30 µg/mL, whereas 0.5–1.5 µg/mL for CLOB. The method demonstrated good sensitivity, with detection limit and quantification limit of 0.255 and 0.774 µg/mL for LULI along with 0.106 and 0.322 µg/mL for CLOB. The established methodology was found to be precise (%RSD < 2) and accurate (recovery between 98% and 102%). The degradation studies aimed to confirm the efficient separation of LULI and CLOB from their degradation products. From the degradation chromatograms it has been demonstrated that any degradation products, if present, do not interfere with the active constituents.
Acute traumatic paracostal abdominal wall rupture associated with subcutaneous spleen herniation in a dog
Authors: Castillo Alejandro Salmerόn , López Pablo Pérez , Ritson Kadi , Vallefuoco Rosario
Published: February 2025

A 2‐year‐old female entire Dachshund dog was referred for further investigations following a road traffic accident. Physical, ultrasonographic, radiographic and computed tomographic findings were consistent with acute traumatic paracostal abdominal wall rupture with associated splenic and small intestine subcutaneous herniation, bilateral sacroiliac subluxation and right femoral fracture. Staged procedures consisting of abdominal wall reconstruction, femoral fracture and bilateral sacroiliac subluxation repair were performed. A clinical re‐examination 7, 14 and 30 days after discharge and a telephone follow‐up 6 months after surgery did not reveal any signs of postoperative complications.
Sarcoma resembling a feline injection site sarcoma along the scar of previous forequarter amputation for the treatment of distal humeral osteosarcoma in a cat
Authors: Yasenchack Jocosa , Selmic Laura E. , Lapsley Janis , Jennings Ryan , Piegols Hunter
Published: February 2025

A 9‐year‐old, male, neutered, domestic shorthair cat underwent a right forequarter amputation for osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the distal humerus. Seven months post‐operatively, the cat was reassessed for a firm, semi‐fixed mass along the surgical scar. Computed tomography revealed a right‐sided mass involving the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis muscles. Incisional biopsy revealed a monomorphic population of mesenchymal cells consistent with a sarcoma. A wide surgical excision of the mass was performed. Histopathology revealed a high‐grade sarcoma that could not be differentiated from a feline injection site sarcoma. No evidence of osteoid formation was noted. Five months post‐operatively, a firm, 1.5 cm mass along the incision site and a new 2.8 × 7.1 cm mass in the right medial inguinal region were noted. Cytology of the inguinal mass identified mesenchymal cells. Due to suspected recurrence and development of a second mass, palliative care was elected.
Computational insights into heat transfer features in unsteady bioconvective flow of a nanofluid through an extended two parallel‐plate channel with gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Rasheed Haroon Ur , Khan Waris , Elmasry Yasser , Thaljaoui Adel , Garalleh Hakim AL
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand need for efficient thermal management systems across various industrial applications is effectively being addressed by the utilization of nanofluids, which possess superior thermal performance character relative to conventional typical fluids. Nanomaterials offer a promising solution for enhancing heat transfer in diverse engineering systems, particularly where traditional fluids are insufficient for optimizing thermal performance. The primary goal of this work is to investigate the gyrotactic microorganisms with magnetohydrodynamic 2D unsteady mixed bioconvective flow of electrically conducting nanofluid flow across two extended parallel plates through convective conditions is considered and analyzed. Possessions of chemical reaction, magnetic field, thermophoretic diffusion, Soret and Dufour impacts are also deliberated. The consequences of the density of living microbes are incorporated into the model. The flow problem developed using a system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) derived from flow assumptions. Suitable transformation techniques are introduced to reduce resulting PDEs into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resulting transformed ODEs are then solved numerically using the RKF45 method combined with Nactsheim–Swigert shooting techniques on the MATLAB programming platform. The effects of the pertinent physical parameters on different flow profiles are offered and discussed in detail, accompanied by graphics and tabulated data. Finally, the accuracy of the computational technique employed is verified by comparing the numerical results with those obtained using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). This comparison assesses the validity of the RKF45 technique and provides tabulated data and graphical results for various flow profiles. The results demonstrate excellent correlation, providing assurance that the computational outcomes in our study are valid.
Toward a first-principles description of transverse momentum dependent Drell-Yan production in proton-nucleus collisions
Authors: Ke Weiyao , Terry John , Vitev Ivan
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We study Drell-Yan production in proton-nucleus reactions in the limit of small transverse momentum, emphasizing the role of the cold nuclear matter effects. The TMD distributions that enter the factorized cross section could differ from the ones on free nucleons due to intrinsic changes in the non-perturbative nucleon and nuclear structure. Here, we focus instead on the perturbative dynamics, shown to arise from forward scattering between the parton constituents of the proton and the nuclear medium. The new contributions to the TMD Drell-Yan cross section are derived up to next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant, and to the first order in the medium opacity. We demonstrate that the collinear and rapidity divergences related to parton showers in the nucleus and the coherent nature of radiation due to Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect lead to i) an in-medium renormalization group equation that encodes the transverse momentum dependence of parton energy loss, and ii) a Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov evolution equation with a restricted phase space for the forward scattering cross section. The relation of our results to the phenomenological extraction of nuclear TMDs is discussed and the new formalism is applied to Drell-Yan production at small transverse momentum in p+A reactions.
Exact large N expansion of mass deformed ABJM theory on squashed sphere
Authors: Kubo Naotaka , Nosaka Tomoki , Pang Yi
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In this paper we study the partition function of the mass deformed ABJM theory on a squashed three sphere. In particular, we focus on the case with the Chern-Simons levels being ±1 and apply a duality between this theory and the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 U (N) super Yang-Mills theory with an adjoint hypermultiplet and a fundamental hypermultiplet. For a special mass parameter depending on the squashing parameter, we find that the partition function can be written as that of an ideal Fermi gas with a non-trivial density matrix. By studying this density matrix, we analytically derive the all order perturbative expansion of the partition function in 1/N, which turns out to take the form of the Airy function. Our results not only align with previous findings and conjectures but also lead to a new formula for the overall constant factor of the partition function. We also study the exact values of the partition function for small but finite values of N.
Information theoretical approach to detecting quantum gravitational corrections
Authors: Pourhassan Behnam , Shi Xiaoping , Wani Salman Sajad , Saif-Al-Khawari  , Kazemian Farideh , Sakallı İzzet , Shah Naveed Ahmad , Faizal Mir
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the scales at which quantum gravitational corrections can be detected in a black hole using information theory. This is done by calculating the Kullback-Leibler divergence for the probability distributions obtained from the Parikh-Wilczek formalism. We observe that as quantum gravitational corrections increase with decrease in scale, the increase the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the original and quantum gravitational corrected probability distributions will also increase. To understand the impact of such quantum gravitational corrections we use Fisher information. We observe that it again increases as we decrease the scale. We obtain these results for higher-dimensional black holes and observe this behavior for Kullback-Leibler divergence and Fisher information also depending on the dimensions of the black hole. Furthermore, we observe that the Fisher information is bounded and approaches a fixed value. Thus, information about the nature of quantum gravitational corrections itself is intrinsically restricted by quantum gravity. Thus, this work establishes an intrinsic epistemic boundary within quantum gravity.
High-energy cLFV at μTRISTAN: HNL extensions of the Standard Model
Authors: Kriewald J. , Pinsard E. , Teixeira A. M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Within the context of heavy neutral lepton (HNL) extensions of the Standard Model, we compute the cross-sections for

$$ {\mu}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\ell}_{\alpha}^{+}{\ell}_{\beta}^{-} $$

μ
+

e
−

→

ℓ
α
+

ℓ
β
−

scattering, as well as several angular observables. In particular, we investigate the future sensitivity of a μTRISTAN collider in discovering such charged lepton flavour violating processes and the potential constraining power of these searches on the parameter space of HNL models. Our results show that while low-energy probes of μ − e flavour violation do offer the most promising potential, the prospects for eτ and μτ flavour violation searches at μTRISTAN can exceed those of related low-energy probes (as well as flavour violating Z-pole processes at FCC-ee) by several orders of magnitude.
On unitarity of the hypergeometric amplitude
Authors: Mansfield Gareth , Spradlin Marcus
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The hypergeometric amplitude is a one-parameter deformation of the Veneziano amplitude for four-point tachyon scattering in bosonic string theory that is consistent with S-matrix bootstrap constraints. In this article we construct a similar hypergeometric generalization of the Veneziano amplitude for type-I superstring theory. We then rule out a large region of the (r, m
2
, D) parameter space as non-unitary, and establish another large subset of the (r, m
2
, D) parameter space where all of the residue’s partial wave coefficients are positive. We also analyze positivity in various limits and special cases. As a corollary to our analysis, we are able to directly demonstrate positivity of a wider set of Veneziano amplitude partial wave coefficients than what has been presented elsewhere.
Liouville theory: an introduction to rigorous approaches
Authors: Chatterjee Sourav , Witten Edward
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In recent years, a surprisingly direct and simple rigorous understanding of quantum Liouville theory has developed. We aim here to make this material more accessible to physicists working on quantum field theory.
Inhibition of DYRK1B BY C81 impedes inflammatory processes in leukocytes by reducing STAT3 activity
Authors: Ciurus Sarah , Elewa Mohammed A. F. , Palmer Megan A. , Wolf Anne , Hector Mandy , Fuhrmann Dominik C. , Thomas Dominique , Gurke Robert , Schwalm Martin P. , Berger Lena , Zech Thomas J. , Burgers Luisa D. , Marschalek Rolf , Geisslinger Gerd , Knapp Stefan , Langmann Thomas , Bracher Franz , Weigert Andreas , Fürst Robert
Published: February 2025

Chronic inflammatory diseases are a significant global burden and are associated with dysregulated resolution of inflammation. Therefore, promoting the process of resolution is a promising therapeutic approach. This study presents the potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects of a natural product-derived compound called C81. Administration of C81 in a therapeutic window resolved inflammation in the murine imiquimod-induced psoriasis model, and reduced microglial infiltration in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularisation model. Investigations into the underlying mechanisms of C81 identified the DYRK1B/STAT3 axis as a new regulator of inflammatory processes in leukocytes. The inhibition of DYRK1B by C81 resulted in attenuated STAT3 phosphorylation. The depletion of STAT3-regulated gene expression led to the inhibition of leukocyte adhesion and migration due to reduced integrin activation, and in addition to the inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and eicosanoids. Importantly, the pro-resolving effects of C81 included the cell type-specific induction of apoptosis in neutrophils and a subsequent increase in efferocytosis. In conclusion, we report the DYRK1B/STAT3 axis as a novel and promising therapeutic target for activating the resolution of inflammation.

Graphical Abstract
Peers, parents, and self-perceptions: the gender gap in mathematics self-assessment
Authors: Adamecz Anna , Jerrim John , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Shure Nikki
Published: February 2025

It is well established that boys perceive themselves to be better in mathematics than girls, even when their ability is the same. We examine the drivers of the gender gap in self-assessed mathematics ability using a longitudinal study of twins. Using measures of individual self-assessment in mathematics from childhood, along with mathematics levels and test scores, cognitive skills, parent and teacher mathematics assessments, and characteristics of their families and siblings, we examine potential channels of the gender gap. Our results confirm that objective mathematics abilities only explain a small share of the gender gap in self-assessed mathematics abilities, and the gap is even larger within boy-girl twin pairs. We find that the self-assessment of boys is positively correlated with the self-assessment of their male co-twins, not just in mathematics, but also in other abilities. However, this positive correlation is not observed between girls and their male co-twins; if anything, it is negative. This indicates that boys and girls have different reactions to highly confident male peers. We also find that parents are more likely to overestimate boys’ and underestimate girls’ mathematics abilities. Gender-biased parental assessments explain a large part of the gender gap in mathematics self-assessment, highlighting the potential of the intergenerational transmission of gender stereotypes.
Canine coronavirus infection is intensified by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Authors: Del Sorbo Luca , Cerracchio Claudia , Serra Francesco , Canzanella Silvia , Giugliano Rosa , Lambiase Sara , Aránguiz Nicolás Pizarro , Esposito Mauro , Amoroso Maria Grazia , Fusco Giovanna , Fiorito Filomena
Published: February 2025

In humans as well as in animals, the toxic contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) stimulates immunosuppression and increases responsiveness to infectious diseases. The relationship between environmental contaminants and different infectious diseases, including COVID-19, has been described. Nevertheless, reports about the potential impact of TCDD on coronaviruses (CoVs) are limited. In this study, the impact of TCDD (0–100 pg/mL) was assessed during infection in vitro with canine coronavirus (CCoV-II), the alphaCoV causing moderate enteric disease in dogs, although genetic alterations may surprisingly generate new dangerous strains. For instance, outbreaks of lethal infections in dogs were related to highly virulent CCoV strains, and cases of pneumonia and malaise in humans were associated with new canine–feline recombinant strains of CCoV, underlining the cross-species spread capability of CoVs. Herein, during CCoV infection, TCDD induced a substantial growth in virus yield and in the expression of viral nucleocapsid protein in infected groups. Infected cells exhibited alterations in cell morphology, extensively enhanced by TCDD. Moreover, in infection, TCDD modulated the protein levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a signaling responsive to both environmental contaminant and CoVs infections. Overall, our findings showed that TCDD, playing a role in AHR signaling, may worsen CCoV infection.