bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Characterization of Dust Activity in the Central Patagonia Desert (Years 1964–2017)
Authors: Gassó S. , Torres O.
Published: March 2019

Dust emitted from the southern end of South America (SSA) is transported long distances over the Southern Ocean and deposited over this marine ecosystem. Whether the nutrients released through dissolution have a biogeochemical impact is a question with biological as well as climate implications, yet there is no clear answer. Additionally, the provenance of dust recently found in accumulated snow in East Antarctica is still a matter of debate. The Patagonia desert in SSA is the likely source, but there are no detailed records documenting dust activity in this area, thereby preventing any definite assessments. Here we provide a survey of modern dust activity of the largest dust source in SSA, the lake Colhué Huapi in central Patagonia. We analyzed five decades (1964–2017) of surface synoptic observations (World Meteorological Weather Present weather codes) and concurrent satellite aerosol detection (UV Aerosol Index from the Total Ozone Monitoring Sensor and Ozone Monitoring Instrument detectors, 1978–2017). We assessed the seasonal, year‐to‐year variability and periods of major dust activity. Several periods of enhanced activity were found with roughly 2‐ to 10‐year duration each (1970–1976, 1989–1994, 1996–1997, and 1999–2017). While dust activity peaks during summer months, wintertime activity during the most active years can well exceed the summer average of nonactive years. For a period of coincident satellite observations, the occurrence of at least three periods of high activity is confirmed. Since satellite detection is more sensitive to mesoscale dust events, the large events that occurred during these periods brought abundant dust into the SW South Atlantic. Satellites with polar orbits tend to under detect dust events in this region. Significant cloudiness obstructs the direct view of dust, and dust activity tends to occur late in the afternoon after the overpass of polar satellites. These observations have a time span adequate for comparison with transport models and modern records of dust samples collected in East Antarctica. The results contribute to a better understanding of the dynamic of modern dust transport in the Southern Hemisphere, the provenance of dust found in Antarctica, and the provenance of eolian nutrients into the Southern Ocean.
Observing Volcanoes from Space
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: March 2019

The first multidecadal, satellite-based study of Latin America’s most active volcanoes could help researchers better predict eruptions.
A chemically fuelled self-replicator
Authors: Morrow Sarah M. , Colomer Ignacio , Fletcher Stephen P.
Published: March 2019

The continuous consumption of chemical energy powers biological systems so that they can operate functional supramolecular structures. A goal of modern science is to understand how simple chemical mixtures may transition from non-living components to truly emergent systems and the production of new lifelike materials and machines. In this work a replicator can be maintained out-of-equilibrium by the continuous consumption of chemical energy. The system is driven by the autocatalytic formation of a metastable surfactant whose breakdown products are converted back into building blocks by a chemical fuel. The consumption of fuel allows the high-energy replicators to persist at a steady state, much like a simple metabolic cycle. Thermodynamically-driven reactions effect a unidirectional substrate flux as the system tries to regain equilibrium. The metastable replicator persists at a higher concentration than achieved even transiently in a closed system, and its concentration is responsive to the rate of fuel supply.
Author Correction: A shape-shifting redox foldase contributes to Proteus mirabilis copper resistance
Authors: Furlong Emily J. , Lo Alvin W. , Kurth Fabian , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Totsika Makrina , Achard Maud E. S. , Halili Maria A. , Heras Begoña , Whitten Andrew E. , Choudhury Hassanul G. , Schembri Mark A. , Martin Jennifer L.
Published: March 2019

This Article contains errors in Fig. 1, Table 1 and the Methods section. In panel c, the labels for PmScsC and EcDsbC in the upper two curves are interchanged. In Table 1 and the Methods section entitled ‘Extended structure’, the space group of the extended PmScsC structure is incorrectly referred to as H32 and should read H32. Correct versions of Fig. 1 and Table 1 are presented below; the errors have not been corrected in the Article.
Tyrosine phosphorylation activates 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and promotes tumor growth and radiation resistance
Authors: Liu Ruilong , Li Wenfeng , Tao Bangbao , Wang Xiongjun , Yang Zhuo , Zhang Yajuan , Wang Chenyao , Liu Rongzhi , Gao Hong , Liang Ji , Yang Weiwei
Published: March 2019

6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is a key enzyme that converts 6-phosphogluconate into ribulose-5-phosphate with NADP+ as cofactor in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). 6PGD is commonly upregulated and plays important roles in many human cancers, while the mechanism underlying such roles of 6PGD remains elusive. Here we show that upon EGFR activation, 6PGD is phosphorylated at tyrosine (Y) 481 by Src family kinase Fyn. This phosphorylation enhances 6PGD activity by increasing its binding affinity to NADP+ and therefore activates the PPP for NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate, which consequently detoxifies intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accelerates DNA synthesis. Abrogating 6PGD Y481 phosphorylation (pY481) dramatically attenuates EGF-promoted glioma cell proliferation, tumor growth and resistance to ionizing radiation. In addition, 6PGD pY481 is associated with Fyn expression, the malignancy and prognosis of human glioblastoma. These findings establish a critical role of Fyn-dependent 6PGD phosphorylation in EGF-promoted tumor growth and radiation resistance.
Systematic analysis reveals the prevalence and principles of bypassable gene essentiality
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Hai-Tao , Wang Wei-Tao , Zhang Xiao-Ran , Suo Fang , Ren Jing-Yi , Bi Ying , Xue Ying-Xi , Hu Wen , Dong Meng-Qiu , Du Li-Lin
Published: March 2019

Gene essentiality is a variable phenotypic trait, but to what extent and how essential genes can become dispensable for viability remain unclear. Here, we investigate ‘bypass of essentiality (BOE)’ — an underexplored type of digenic genetic interaction that renders essential genes dispensable. Through analyzing essential genes on one of the six chromosome arms of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we find that, remarkably, as many as 27% of them can be converted to non-essential genes by BOE interactions. Using this dataset we identify three principles of essentiality bypass: bypassable essential genes tend to have lower importance, tend to exhibit differential essentiality between species, and tend to act with other bypassable genes. In addition, we delineate mechanisms underlying bypassable essentiality, including the previously unappreciated mechanism of dormant redundancy between paralogs. The new insights gained on bypassable essentiality deepen our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships and will facilitate drug development related to essential genes.
Multimodal switching of a redox-active macrocycle
Authors: Payne Daniel T. , Webre Whitney A. , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Zhu Nianyong , Futera Zdenĕk , Labuta Jan , Jevasuwan Wipakorn , Fukata Naoki , Fossey John S. , D’Souza Francis , Ariga Katsuhiko , Schmitt Wolfgang , Hill Jonathan P.
Published: March 2019

Molecules that can exist in multiple states with the possibility of toggling between those states based on different stimuli have potential for use in molecular switching or sensing applications. Multimodal chemical or photochemical oxidative switching of an antioxidant-substituted resorcinarene macrocycle is reported. Intramolecular charge-transfer states, involving hemiquinhydrones are probed and these interactions are used to construct an oxidation-state-coupled molecular switching manifold that reports its switch-state conformation via striking variation in its electronic absorption spectra. The coupling of two different oxidation states with two different charge-transfer states within one macrocyclic scaffold delivers up to five different optical outputs. This molecular switching manifold exploits intramolecular coupling of multiple redox active substituents within a single molecule.
Author Correction: Attosecond coherent control of free-electron wave functions using semi-infinite light fields
Authors: Vanacore G. M. , Madan I. , Berruto G. , Wang K. , Pomarico E. , Lamb R. J. , McGrouther D. , Kaminer I. , Barwick B. , de Abajo F. Javier García , Carbone F.
Published: March 2019

The authors became aware of a mistake in the original version of this Article. Specifically, an extra factor γ was incorrectly included in a number of mathematical equations and expressions. As a result of this, a number of changes have been made to both the PDF and the HTML versions of the Article. A full list of these changes is available online.
A global review of the microbiological quality and potential health risks associated with roof-harvested rainwater tanks
Authors: Hamilton Kerry , Reyneke Brandon , Waso Monique , Clements Tanya , Ndlovu Thando , Khan Wesaal , DiGiovanni Kimberly , Rakestraw Emma , Montalto Franco , Haas Charles N. , Ahmed Warish
Published: March 2019

A broad body of literature has been published regarding roof-harvested rainwater quality around the world. In particular, the presence of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms has raised concerns regarding the acceptability of rainwater for potable and non-potable uses. As the use of molecular assays has improved understanding of the diverse microbial communities present in rainwater tanks and their role in providing benefits or harm to human health, a comprehensive review is needed to summarize the state of the science in this area. To provide a summary of microbial contaminants in rainwater tanks and contextual factors, a comprehensive review was conducted here to elucidate the uses of rainwater, factors affecting water quality, concentrations of fecal indicators and pathogens, the attribution of pathogens to host sources using microbial source tracking, microbial ecology, human health risks determined using epidemiological approaches and quantitative microbial risk assessment, and treatment approaches for mitigating risks. Research gaps were identified for pathogen concentration data, microbial source tracking approaches for identifying the sources of microbial contamination, limitations to current approaches for assessing viability, treatment, and maintenance practices. Frameworks should be developed to assess and prioritize these factors in order to optimize public health promotion for roof-harvested rainwater.
Analysis of the effect of PM10 on hand, foot and mouth disease in a basin terrain city
Authors: Yin Fei , Ma Yue , Zhao Xing , Lv Qiang , Liu Yaqiong , Li Xiaosong , Zhang Tao
Published: March 2019

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infection that causes a substantial disease burden in the Asia-Pacific region. Various climate variables, such as humidity and temperature, have been associated with HFMD. However, few studies have assessed the impact of PM10 on childhood HFMD. This study investigated the association between PM10 and HFMD. We fitted a standard distributed lag non-linear model to investigate the temporal lagged relationship between PM10 and HFMD, and then further assessed whether this relationship varied by gender and pathogen. Between 2011 and 2015, a total of 122,564 HFMD cases under 15 years of age were reported in Chengdu. The PM10-HFMD associations were shown to be non-linear in all subgroups, with the peak at 101–218 μg/m3. Male children were more sensitive to PM10 effects. For pathogen-specific relative risks, we found that the risk estimates were generally higher in cases of CVA16 infection. Our study provides evidence that PM10 increases the risk of HFMD. Authorities and parents should be fully aware of the impact of PM10 on childhood HFMD. Furthermore, appropriate protective measures should be taken to reduce risks.
Purification of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol glycoside from Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils. and its protective effects against DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Li Dihua , Zhuo Yuzhen , Zhang Qi , Zhang Lanqiu , Zhang Shukun , Lv Yuanshan , Li Caixia , Cui Lihua , Guan Xin , Yang Lei , Wang Ximo
Published: March 2019

Sargentodoxa cuneata is a tropical plant used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat intestinal inflammation. In this study, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol glycoside (DAG) was purified from the stem of S. cuneata using macroporous resins and its bioactivity was also investigated. The adsorption/desorption of DAG on macroporous resins was investigated systematically. HPD300 resin was selected as the most suitable medium for DAG purification. Further dynamic absorption/desorption experiments on the HPD300 column were conducted to obtain the optimal parameters. To obtain more than 95% DAG, a second stage procedure was developed to purify the DAG using SiliaSphere C18 with 8% v/v acetonitrile through elution at low pressure. Further investigation showed that DAG pretreatment significantly reversed the shortening of colon length, the increase in the disease activity index (DAI) scores and histological damage in the colon. Moreover, DAG greatly increased SOD and GPx activities, significantly decreased MPO and MDA activities and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon. Free radical scavenging activities of DAG were assessed using DPPH, with an IC50 value of 17.03 ug/mL. Additionally, DAG suppressed ROS and proinflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing activation of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways. The results were indicative of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DAG. When viewed together, these findings indicated that DAG can be used to expand future pharmacological research and to potentially treat colitis.
A Novel Hybrid Cytokine IL233 Mediates regeneration following Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxic Injury
Authors: Sabapathy Vikram , Cheru Nardos Tesfaye , Corey Rebecca , Mohammad Saleh , Sharma Rahul
Published: March 2019

Kidney injury, whether due to ischemic insults or chemotherapeutic agents, is exacerbated by inflammation, whereas Tregs are protective. We recently showed that IL-2 and IL-33, especially as a hybrid cytokine (IL233 - bearing IL-2 and IL-33 activities in one molecule), potentiated Tregs and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to prevent renal injury. Recent studies have indicated a reparative function for Tregs and ILC2. Here, using doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxic renal injury model, we investigated whether IL233 administration either before, late or very late after renal injury can restore kidney structure and function. We found that IL233 treatment even 2-weeks post-doxorubicin completely restored kidney function accompanied with an increase Treg and ILC2 in lymphoid and renal compartments, augmented anti-inflammatory cytokines and attenuated proinflammatory cytokine levels. IL233 treated mice had reduced inflammation, kidney injury (Score values - saline: 3.34 ± 0.334; IL233 pre: 0.42 ± 0.162; IL233 24 hrs: 1.34 ± 0.43; IL233 1 week: 1.2 ± 0.41; IL233 2 week: 0.47 ± 0.37; IL233 24 hrs + PC61: 3.5 ± 0.74) and fibrosis in all treatment regimen as compared to saline controls. Importantly, mice treated with IL233 displayed a reparative program in the kidneys, as evidenced by increased expression of genes for renal progenitor-cells and nephron segments. Our findings present the first evidence of an immunoregulatory cytokine, IL233, which could be a potent therapeutic strategy that augments Treg and ILC2 to not only inhibit renal injury, but also promote regeneration.
Strain engineering of transverse electric and transverse magnetic mode of material gain in GeSn/SiGeSn quantum wells
Authors: Mączko Herbert S. , Kudrawiec Robert , Gladysiewicz Marta
Published: March 2019

8-band k · p Hamiltonian together with envelope function approximation and planewave expansion method are applied to calculate the electronic band structure and material gain for Ge1−wSnw/SiyGe1−x−ySnx/Ge1−wSnw quantum wells (QWs) grown on virtual Ge1-zSnz substrates integrated with Si platform. It is clearly shown how both the emission wavelength in this material system can be controlled by the content of virtual substrate and the polarization of emitted light can be controlled via the built-in strain. In order to systematically demonstrate these possibilities, the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes of material gain, and hence the polarization degree, are calculated for Ge1−wSnw/SiyGe1−x−ySnx/Ge1−wSnw (QWs) with the strain varying from tensile (ε = +1.5%) to compressive (ε = −0.9%). It has been predicted that the polarization can be changed from 100% TE to 80% TM. In addition, it has been shown that SiyGe1−x−ySnx barriers, lattice matched to the virtual Ge1-zSnz substrate (condition: y = 3.66(x-z)), may ensure a respectable quantum confinement for electrons and holes in this system. With such material features Ge1−wSnw/SiyGe1−x−ySnx/Ge1−wSnw QW structure unified with Ge1-zSnz/Si platform may be considered as a very prospective one for light polarization engineering.
Self-assembly process of a quadruply interlocked palladium cage
Authors: Tateishi Tomoki , Yasutake Yuichi , Kojima Tatsuo , Takahashi Satoshi , Hiraoka Shuichi
Published: March 2019

A supramolecular approach is effective to construct topologically complicated molecules with the aid of reversible bond formation. Although topologically complicated molecules have been synthesized for the past three decades, their formation mechanisms have rarely been discussed. Here we report the formation process of a tetranuclear interlocked palladium cage composed of two binuclear cages, which are quadruply interlocked with each other. In the main pathway, the binuclear cages are produced with binuclear partial cages. The ditopic ligand that does not bridge the two palladium(II) ions in the binuclear partial cage then threads into the binuclear cage to afford a tetranuclear partially interlocked cage, with partial conversion of the binuclear cage into the binuclear partial cage. The tetranuclear partially interlocked cage interlocks intramolecularly through repetitive cleavage and formation of Pd(II)–N coordination bonds mediated by a free pyridyl group, finally leading to the tetranuclear interlocked cage.
Development of deep eutectic solvent based solidification of organic droplets-liquid phase microextraction; application to determination of some pesticides in farmers saliva and exhaled breath condensate samples
Authors: Jouyban Abolghasem , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Khoubnasabjafari Maryam , Jouyban-Gharamaleki Vahid , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2019

The presence of pesticides in exhaled breath condensate and saliva samples of farmers having direct contact with the analytes was monitored using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Nobiletin alleviates vascular alterations through modulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and MMP pathways inl-NAME induced hypertensive rats
Authors: Potue Prapassorn , Wunpathe Chutamas , Maneesai Putcharawipa , Kukongviriyapan Upa , Prachaney Parichat , Pakdeechote Poungrat
Published: March 2019

Nobiletin alleviatesl-NAME-induced vascular dysfunction and remodeling and superoxide production in rats.
Isolation and characterization of tambjamine MYP1, a macrocyclic tambjamine analogue from marine bacteriumPseudoalteromonas citrea
Authors: Picott Katherine J. , Deichert Julie A. , deKemp Ella M. , Schatte Gabriele , Sauriol Françoise , Ross Avena C.
Published: March 2019

Identification of a macrocyclic tambjamine natural product, tambjamine MYP1, from a marine bacterium that may enhance bioactivity by restraining bond rotation.
Phenanthro[9,10-d]triazole and imidazole derivatives: high triplet energy host materials for blue phosphorescent organic light emitting devices
Authors: Idris Muazzam , Coburn Caleb , Fleetham Tyler , Milam-Guerrero JoAnna , Djurovich Peter I. , Forrest Stephen R. , Thompson Mark E.
Published: March 2019

A class of wide bandgap host materials is introduced as an alternative to carbazole-based hosts to enhance the efficiency and transport properties of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Comparative study of core- and surface-radiolabeling strategies for the assembly of iron oxide nanoparticle-based theranostic nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Junzhe , Ma Yuhui , Yang Wenjiang , Xue Jingquan , Ding Yayun , Xie Changjian , Luo Wenhe , Gao Fuping , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhao Yuliang , Chai Zhifang , He Xiao
Published: March 2019

This study implies a possible overestimation of the labeling stability in previous studies and points out directions for further optimization.
Effect of solvent on silicon nanoparticle formation and size: a mechanistic study
Authors: Semlali Sanaa , Cormary Benoit , De Marco Maria L. , Majimel Jérôme , Saquet Alix , Coppel Yannick , Gonidec Mathieu , Rosa Patrick , Drisko Glenna L.
Published: March 2019

Silicon nanoparticle size is adjusted by simply changing the reaction solvent. The role of solvent on nanoparticle formation is investigated.
Biochemical detection of fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia in affected rat hypothalamus tissues by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Hancheng , Deng Kaifei , Zhang Ji , Wang Lei , Zhang Zhong , Luo Yiwen , Sun Qiran , Li Zhengdong , Chen Yijiu , Wang Zhenyuan , Huang Ping
Published: March 2019

It is difficult to determinate the cause of death from exposure to fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia in forensic casework. Here, we present a state-of-the-art study that employs Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the hypothalamus tissues of fatal hypothermic, fatal hyperthermic and normothermic rats to determine forensically significant biomarkers related to fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia. Our results revealed that the spectral variations in the lipid, protein, carbohydrate and nucleic acid components are highly different for hypothalamuses after exposure to fatal hypothermic, fatal hyperthermic and normothermic conditions. In comparison with the normothermia group, the fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia groups contained higher total lipid amounts but were lower in unsaturated lipids. Additionally, their cell membranes were found to have less motional freedom. Among these three groups, the fatal hyperthermia group contained the lowest total proteins and carbohydrates and the highest aggregated and dysfunctional proteins, while the fatal hypothermia group contained the highest level of nucleic acids. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy has the potential to become a reliable method for the biochemical characterization of fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia hypothalamus tissues, and this could be used as a postmortem diagnostic feature in fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia deaths.
Enhancing the reliability of a microgrid through optimal size of battery ESS
Authors: Abdulgalil Mohammed A. , Khalid Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Reliability is one of the most important factors to judge a power system. So, assessing reliability is an important task in power system planning. Many techniques have been developed to enhance the reliability of a power system. Some of those techniques depend on integrating new components and other techniques depend on changing some characteristics of existing components. One of the techniques depending on integrating new components is to integrate an energy storage system (ESS) with a power system. If the ESS is optimally sized to minimise the investment and operating cost, it enhances the reliability of the power system with a notable difference. This paper illustrates how to optimally size an ESS to be integrated with a grid‐connected microgrid using the mixed‐integer linear programming method. Moreover, load uncertainty is considered and the optimisation problem is solved using two different approaches to optimally size the ESS. Reliability indices of the microgrid are calculated before integrating it with the ESS and after integrating it to illustrate the enhancement of the reliability indices. Simulation results depict the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Probing the missing baryons with the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect from filaments
Authors: de Graaff Anna , Cai Yan-Chuan , Heymans Catherine , Peacock John A.
Published: March 2019

Observations of galaxies and galaxy clusters in the local universe can account for only ∼10% of the total baryon content. Cosmological simulations predict that the “missing baryons” are spread throughout filamentary structures in the cosmic web, forming a low-density gas with temperatures of 105−107 K. We search for this warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) by stacking the Planck Compton y-parameter map of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect for 1 002 334 pairs of CMASS galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We model the contribution from the galaxy halo pairs assuming spherical symmetry, finding a residual tSZ signal at the 2.9σ level from a stacked filament of length 10.5 h−1 Mpc with a Compton parameter magnitude y = (0.6 ± 0.2)×10−8. We consider possible sources of contamination and conclude that bound gas in haloes may contribute only up to 20% of the measured filamentary signal. To estimate the filament gas properties we measure the gravitational lensing signal for the same sample of galaxy pairs; in combination with the tSZ signal, this yields an inferred gas density of ρb = (5.5 ± 2.9) × ρ̄b with a temperature T = (2.7 ± 1.7) × 106 K. This result is consistent with the predicted WHIM properties, and overall the filamentary gas can account for 11 ± 7% of the total baryon content of the Universe. We also see evidence that the gas filament extends beyond the galaxy pair. Averaging over this longer baseline boosts the significance of the tSZ signal and increases the associated baryon content to 28 ± 12% of the global value.
No limit in interspecific hybridization in schistosomes: observation from a case report
Authors: Depaquit Jérôme , Akhoundi Mohammad , Haouchine Djamel , Mantelet Stéphane , Izri Arezki
Published: March 2019

Schistosomiasis is one of the most significant parasitic diseases of humans. The hybridization of closely related Schistosoma species has already been documented. However, hybridization between phylogenetically distant species is unusual. In the present study, we characterized the causative agent of schistosomiasis in a 14-year-old patient with hematuria from Côte d’Ivoire, using morphological and molecular approaches. A 24-hour parasitological examination of urine showed the presence of numerous eggs (150 μm long × 62 μm wide) with a lateral spine (25 μm), identified morphologically as Schistosoma mansoni. Examination of stools performed on the same day found no parasites. The urine and stool examinations of the patient’s family members performed two weeks later showed neither parasites nor hematuria; but in contrast, many S. mansoni eggs were found again in the patient’s urine, but never in his stools. Conventional PCRs were performed, using two primer pairs targeting 28S-rDNA and COI mtDNA. The 28S-rDNA sequence of these eggs, compared with two reference sequences from GenBank demonstrated a hybrid with 25 double peaks, indicating clearly hybrid positions (5.37%) between S. mansoni and S. haematobium. Similarly, we identified a unique S. mansoni COI sequence for the two eggs, with 99.1% homology with the S. mansoni reference sequence. Consequently, this case was the result of hybridization between an S. haematobium male and an S. mansoni female. This should be taken into consideration to explore the elimination of ectopic schistosome eggs in the future.
Jetzt wird alles anders – Gute Vorsätze umsetzen
Authors: Freitag-Herse Barbara
Published: March 2019

Sie schaffen es nicht, Ihre guten Vorsätze in die Tat umzusetzen? Kein Problem! Ein bisschen Selbstreflexion und das richtige Sortieren von Zielen können dabei helfen, dass Sie das, was Sie sich vornehmen, schaffen. Und das auch noch mit Begeisterung.
Gemeinsam Ernährungsmedizin stärken und ausbauen
Authors: Balz Stephanie
Published: March 2019

In Deutschland ist die Ernährungsmedizin noch immer nicht ausreichend in Ausbildung, Klinik und Praxis verankert. Der Bundesverband Deutscher Ernährungsmedizin e.V. (BDEM), die Deutsche Akademie für Ernährungsmedizin e.V. (DAEM) und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin e.V. (DGEM) haben deshalb einen Vertrag geschlossen, der eine engere Zusammenarbeit in allen wissenschaftlichen, fortbildungsrelevanten und berufspolitischen Belangen der Ernährungsmedizin ermöglicht.
Klientenzentrierte Angebote ins Leben rufen – Ergotherapie in der psychiatrischen Tagesstätte
Authors: Müllenmeister Christina
Published: March 2019

Funktionsorientierte Inhalte wie Hirnleistungstrainings am Computer sind in der Ergotherapie noch sehr verbreitet. Auch in der psychiatrischen Tagesstätte, in der Christina Müllenmeister arbeitete, war dies gang und gäbe. Sie erzählt, wie sie es geschafft hat, ein Therapieangebot in Form einer Medienwerkstatt zu etablieren, das sich an den Interessen der Klienten orientiert.
Penicillinallergie ist in den meisten Fällen gar keine
Authors: Juliane Pfeiffer
Published: March 2019

Penicilline zählen zu den am häufigsten verschriebenen und wirksamsten Medikamenten. Da jedoch viele Patienten vermeintlich allergisch auf sie reagieren, verzichten Ärzte mitunter darauf, sie einzusetzen. Dabei liegt nur bei den wenigsten Patienten tatsächlich eine Allergie vor. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Infektiologie (DGI) ruft zu einer verstärkten Überprüfung vermuteter Penicillinallergien auf. Denn anstelle der hochwirksamen und gut verträglichen Penicilline erhalten Patienten oftmals Antibiotika, die weniger effektiv sind und die Entstehung von Resistenzen befeuern.
Electronic transport of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites from first-principles and machine learning
Authors: Li Limeng , You Yang , Hu Shunbo , Shi Yada , Zhao Guodong , Chen Chen , Wang Yin , Stroppa Alessandro , Ren Wei
Published: March 2019

Using the data-mining machine learning technique and the non-equilibrium Green's function method in combination with density functional theory, we studied the electronic transport properties of the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite MAPbI3. The band structures of MAPbI3 from first-principles show that the ferroelectric and antiferroelectric dipole configurations have very little influence on the energy bandgap. Furthermore, we investigated the tunnel junctions made of MAPbI3 and 48 different metal electrodes, with the same fixed lattice constant as MAPbI3. With the increase in the number of perovskite unit cells, the electron transmission coefficients are found to decrease exponentially in general. For data mining studies, several different methods are employed to develop models for predicting electron transport properties. In particular, the gradient boosting regression tree model was tested and found to be the most effective tool among all these algorithms for fast prediction of the electron transmission coefficients and performance ranking of all studied metal electrodes.
Axial diagnosis of electron and negative ion behaviors in capacitively coupled O2-containing Ar plasma driven by 27.12 MHz
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Zhou Yu , Ma Xiaoping , Cao Liyang , Zheng Fengang , Xin Yu
Published: March 2019

Capacitively coupled O2-containing Ar plasma driven by a radio frequency (RF) of 27.12 MHz has been investigated. The electron energy probability function (EEPF) was measured with a Langmuir probe. The electronegativity was measured with a laser-induced photodetachment (LIPD) technique in combination with a Langmuir probe. The probe measurement results show a transition of the EEPF from bi-Maxwellian to single-Maxwellian and finally to a Druyvesteyn distribution as RF input power or discharge pressure was increased. This transition indicates the evolution of the heating mode in the Ar plasma by changing the discharge conditions. Adding electronegative O2 gas into Ar plasma leads to the deviation of the EEPF from the pure Ar plasma case. This deviation becomes more serious at high pressure due to the inelastic collisions of electrons with oxygen molecules. Additionally, the addition of O2 not only lowers the electron density in the axial direction but also smoothens the electron density distribution close to the powered electrode in comparison to the linear electron density with the axis in the Ar plasma case. LIPD measurement results show that electronegativity in 5% O2-containing Ar plasma tends to be high as close to the powered electrode and to be a V-shaped distribution along the axis direction with the increase in the pressure. This behavior of the negative ion distribution may be caused by the combined effects of recombination of negative and positive ions and the pseudo-γ mode of negative ions with oxygen neutrals.
The Lorentz sphere visualised
Authors: Sturniolo S. , Yates J. R.
Published: March 2019

From the inception of nuclear magnetic resonance as a spectroscopic technique, the local origin of chemical shifts has been a topic of discussion. A useful concept employed to describe it has been that of the “Lorentz sphere,” the approximately spherical volume surrounding a given nucleus in which the electronic currents contribute significantly to the chemical shift, whereas the outside can be considered as an uniformly magnetised “bulk.” In this paper, we use the output of the plane wave density functional theory code CASTEP to get a quantitative estimate of the Lorentz sphere in periodic systems. We outline a mathematical description of a radial buildup function for the magnetic shielding starting from the electronic currents and the simple assumption of periodicity. We provide an approximate upper bound for the Lorentz sphere’s size in any crystal, then compute buildup functions for a number of sites in two molecular crystals, showing how various chemical features such as hydrogen bonds influence to convergence to the final shielding value.
Blob velocity scaling in diverted tokamaks: A comparison between theory and simulation
Authors: Paruta Paola , Beadle C. , Ricci P. , Theiler C.
Published: March 2019

The present work uses the results of a fluid full-turbulence 3D simulation of the tokamak periphery to present the first self-consistent analysis of the radial velocity scaling of plasma blobs in a diverted geometry. A diverted double-null configuration is considered, and the blob motion is studied using a pattern recognition algorithm. The velocity obtained from the simulation results is compared to an analytical scaling accounting for the presence of the X-point. Agreement is found between numerical and analytical results.
Nonlinear dynamics with Hopf bifurcations by targeted mutation in the system of rock-paper-scissors metaphor
Authors: Park Junpyo
Published: March 2019

The role of mutation, which is an error process in gene evolution, in systems of cyclically competing species has been studied from various perspectives, and it is regarded as one of the key factors for promoting coexistence of all species. In addition to naturally occurring mutations, many experiments in genetic engineering have involved targeted mutation techniques such as recombination between DNA and somatic cell sequences and have studied genetic modifications through loss or augmentation of cell functions. In this paper, we investigate nonlinear dynamics with targeted mutation in cyclically competing species. In different ways to classic approaches of mutation in cyclic games, we assume that mutation may occur in targeted individuals who have been removed from intraspecific competition. By investigating each scenario depending on the number of objects for targeted mutation analytically and numerically, we found that targeted mutation can lead to persistent coexistence of all species. In addition, under the specific condition of targeted mutation, we found that targeted mutation can lead to emergences of bistable states for species survival. Through the linear stability analysis of rate equations, we found that those phenomena are accompanied by Hopf bifurcation which is supercritical. Our findings may provide more global perspectives on understanding underlying mechanisms to control biodiversity in ecological/biological sciences, and evidences with mathematical foundations to resolve social dilemmas such as a turnover of group members by resigning with intragroup conflicts in social sciences.
Anisotropic heat conduction in the metal organic framework perovskites [C(NH2)3]X(HCOO)3 (X = Cu, Zn)
Authors: Shukla Dharmendra , Prasai Narayan , Carlino Thomas M. , Mazza Mercedes M. A. , Scott Amy M. , Cohn Joshua L.
Published: March 2019

We report thermal conductivity (κ) measurements on single crystals of the metal-organic framework perovskite compounds [C(NH2)3]X(HCOO)3 (X = Cu, Zn) in the temperature range 5 K ≤T≤ 300 K. The directionality of N-H⋅ ⋅ ⋅O bonds and their stretching due to the Jahn-Teller distortion in the Cu compound are identified as mechanisms underlying differences in the κ(T) behavior for the two compounds and their anisotropy. For heat flow along a direction preferentially transverse to the N-H⋅⋅⋅O bonds, κ ∼ 0.6 W/mK near 300 K, approaching the theoretical minimum value. A possible magnetic contribution to the heat flow in the Cu compound is also discussed.
Synchrotron based X-ray radiography of convergent shock waves driven by underwater electrical explosion of a cylindrical wire array
Authors: Yanuka D. , Theocharous S. , Efimov S. , Bland S. N. , Rososhek A. , Krasik Ya. E. , Olbinado M. P. , Rack A.
Published: March 2019

We present X-ray radiography images showing the propagation of shock waves generated by electrical explosion of a cylindrical arrangement of wires in water driven by pulsed power. In previous experiments [S. N. Bland et al., Phys. Plasmas 24, 082702 (2017)], the merger of shock waves from adjacent wires has produced a highly symmetrical, cylindrical shock wave converging on the axis, where it is expected to produce a high density, strongly coupled plasma ideal for warm dense matter research. However, diagnostic limitations have meant that much of the dynamics of the system has been inferred from the position of the front of the cylindrical shock and timing/spectra of light emitted from the axis. Here, we present a synchrotron-based radiography of such experiments—providing direct quantitative measurements on the formation of the convergent shock wave, the increased density of water on the axis caused by its arrival, and its “bounce” after arrival on the axis. The obtained images are compared with two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, which reproduce the observed dynamics with a satisfactory agreement in density values.
NF-κB activation is a turn on for vaccinia virus phosphoprotein A49 to turn off NF-κB activation
Authors: Neidel Sarah , Ren Hongwei , Torres Alice A. , Smith Geoffrey L.
Published: March 2019

Significance

Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes many proteins that inhibit innate immunity. For instance, protein A49 inhibits NF-κB activation by binding to β-TrCP. Here we show that A49 is phosphorylated on serine 7 and that this is necessary for binding β-TrCP and inhibition of NF-κB activation. Further, this phosphorylation occurs when the NF-κB pathway is stimulated and the kinase IKKβ is activated. Thus, A49 shows beautiful biological regulation, for activation of the pathway also activates the virus inhibitor of the pathway. The significance is seen in vivo, since VACVs expressing A49 S7A or S7E are less virulent than wild-type virus but more virulent than a virus lacking A49.
Motional dynamics of single Patched1 molecules in cilia are controlled by Hedgehog and cholesterol
Authors: Weiss Lucien E. , Milenkovic Ljiljana , Yoon Joshua , Stearns Tim , Moerner W. E.
Published: March 2019

The Hedgehog-signaling pathway is an important target in cancer research and regenerative medicine; yet, on the cellular level, many steps are still poorly understood. Extensive studies of the bulk behavior of the key proteins in the pathway established that during signal transduction they dynamically localize in primary cilia, antenna-like solitary organelles present on most cells. The secreted Hedgehog ligand Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) binds to its receptor Patched1 (PTCH1) in primary cilia, causing its inactivation and delocalization from cilia. At the same time, the transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO) is released of its inhibition by PTCH1 and accumulates in cilia. We used advanced, single molecule-based microscopy to investigate these processes in live cells. As previously observed for SMO, PTCH1 molecules in cilia predominantly move by diffusion and less frequently by directional transport, and spend a fraction of time confined. After treatment with SHH we observed two major changes in the motional dynamics of PTCH1 in cilia. First, PTCH1 molecules spend more time as confined, and less time freely diffusing. This result could be mimicked by a depletion of cholesterol from cells. Second, after treatment with SHH, but not after cholesterol depletion, the molecules that remain in the diffusive state showed a significant increase in the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, PTCH1 inactivation by SHH changes the diffusive motion of PTCH1, possibly by modifying the membrane microenvironment in which PTCH1 resides.
Lipid transporter TMEM24/C2CD2L is a Ca
2+
-regulated component of ER–plasma membrane contacts in mammalian neurons
Authors: Sun Elizabeth Wen , Guillén-Samander Andrés , Bian Xin , Wu Yumei , Cai Yiying , Messa Mirko , De Camilli Pietro
Published: March 2019

Significance

It is well established that the cross-talk between the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in neuronal signaling. Until recently, this cross-talk was thought to be mediated primarily by soluble second messengers, such as Ca
2+
and IP3, although it has long been known that tight appositions between the ER and the PM occur in all cells and are abundant in neurons. Investigations of the proteins that populate these contacts are shedding new light on feedback regulatory mechanisms between the two membranes. The present study identifies the phospholipid transporter TMEM24/C2CD2L as a regulated component of ER–PM contacts in neurons and suggests that lipid transfer between the two bilayers participates in the control of neuronal signaling.
Regulatory changes in pterin and carotenoid genes underlie balanced color polymorphisms in the wall lizard
Authors: Andrade Pedro , Pinho Catarina , Pérez i de Lanuza Guillem , Afonso Sandra , Brejcha Jindřich , Rubin Carl-Johan , Wallerman Ola , Pereira Paulo , Sabatino Stephen J. , Bellati Adriana , Pellitteri-Rosa Daniele , Bosakova Zuzana , Bunikis Ignas , Carretero Miguel A. , Feiner Nathalie , Marsik Petr , Paupério Francisco , Salvi Daniele , Soler Lucile , While Geoffrey M. , Uller Tobias , Font Enrique , Andersson Leif , Carneiro Miguel
Published: March 2019

Reptiles use pterin and carotenoid pigments to produce yellow, orange, and red colors. These conspicuous colors serve a diversity of signaling functions, but their molecular basis remains unresolved. Here, we show that the genomes of sympatric color morphs of the European common wall lizard (
Podarcis muralis
), which differ in orange and yellow pigmentation and in their ecology and behavior, are virtually undifferentiated. Genetic differences are restricted to two small regulatory regions near genes associated with pterin [
sepiapterin reductase
(
SPR
)] and carotenoid [
beta-carotene oxygenase 2
(
BCO2
)] metabolism, demonstrating that a core gene in the housekeeping pathway of pterin biosynthesis has been coopted for bright coloration in reptiles and indicating that these loci exert pleiotropic effects on other aspects of physiology. Pigmentation differences are explained by extremely divergent alleles, and haplotype analysis revealed abundant transspecific allele sharing with other lacertids exhibiting color polymorphisms. The evolution of these conspicuous color ornaments is the result of ancient genetic variation and cross-species hybridization.
On intrinsic and extrinsic feeding distance calculations for aluminium alloys
Authors: Tiryakioğlu Murat
Published: March 2019

Feeding distances have been calculated for an Al–7%Si alloy by using first principles, i.e. Darcy's law for flow through porous a medium. Pressure drop needed for liquid metal flow through the interdendritic network has been varied between approximately 1 atm and the intrinsic fracture pressure of liquid aluminium. Results have shown that aluminium alloys are capable of feeding themselves via either interdendritic or solid feeding when liquid metal is not weakened extrinsically.
Dimensionless representation of the column characteristics and weld pool interactions for a DC argon arc
Authors: Delgado-Álvarez Alfredo , Mendez Patricio F. , Ramírez-Argáez Marco A.
Published: March 2019

The column characteristics and weld pool interactions for a DC argon arc in a GTAW configuration are represented by dimensionless correlations. Arc was described by a numerical model, considering currents between 200–300 A and arc lengths between 5–10 mm. The arc, defined as the loci of the 10,000 K isotherm, was found to display a parabolic shape; whose parameters are independent of current and arc length. Arc column temperature, velocity, and magnetic field are scaled with the width of the arc and a maximum that can also be predicted with a dimensionless approach. Arc-melt interactions include arc pressure, heat and current fluxes, and shear stress are also captured in dimensionless form. Scaling results compare well to numerical and experimental results reported.
Rhetorical Silence and Republican Virtue in Early-American Public Discourse: The Case of James Madison’s “Notes on the Federal Convention”
Authors: Stillion Southard Bjørn F.
Published: March 2019

This essay examines the role of “rhetorical silence” as a part of the theorizing about character in the early American republic. The case study concerns James Madison’s deliberate and continuous rhetorical silences about the comprehensive notes he took at the Federal Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. I argue that Madison’s rhetorical silences regarding his notes illustrate the shifting discourses of republican and liberal notions of virtue in the early-national period of the American republic.
Single nucleosome imaging reveals loose genome chromatin networks via active RNA polymerase II
Authors: Nagashima Ryosuke , Hibino Kayo , Ashwin S.S. , Babokhov Michael , Fujishiro Shin , Imai Ryosuke , Nozaki Tadasu , Tamura Sachiko , Tani Tomomi , Kimura Hiroshi , Shribak Michael , Kanemaki Masato T. , Sasai Masaki , Maeshima Kazuhiro
Published: March 2019

Although chromatin organization and dynamics play a critical role in gene transcription, how they interplay remains unclear. To approach this issue, we investigated genome-wide chromatin behavior under various transcriptional conditions in living human cells using single-nucleosome imaging. While transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is generally thought to need more open and dynamic chromatin, surprisingly, we found that active RNAPII globally constrains chromatin movements. RNAPII inhibition or its rapid depletion released the chromatin constraints and increased chromatin dynamics. Perturbation experiments of P-TEFb clusters, which are associated with active RNAPII, had similar results. Furthermore, chromatin mobility also increased in resting G0 cells and UV-irradiated cells, which are transcriptionally less active. Our results demonstrated that chromatin is globally stabilized by loose connections through active RNAPII, which is compatible with models of classical transcription factories or liquid droplet formation of transcription-related factors. Together with our computational modeling, we propose the existence of loose chromatin domain networks for various intra-/interchromosomal contacts via active RNAPII clusters/droplets.