bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of the Negative Outcome Expectations Scale in Engineering (NOES-E)
Authors: Lee Hang-Shim , Flores Lisa Y. , Navarro Rachel L. , Suh Han Na
Published: November 2016

The Negative Outcome Expectations Scale in Engineering (NOES-E) is a 21-item measure that was developed to assess anticipated negative outcomes related to pursuing engineering. Using two samples of engineering students, exploratory ( n = 256) and confirmatory ( n = 1,187) factor analyses supported a four-factor model of the NOES-E. The four factors included cultural-related stressors, personal life and work balance, job characteristics, and social costs. The results suggested that the 21-item NOES-E demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .94) and construct validity by a positive correlation with a measure of engineering environmental barriers and negative correlations with measures of engineering academic satisfaction, self-efficacy, environmental supports, intended persistence, and positive outcome expectations. There was nonsignificant relation between NOES-E scores and future family consideration. Also, we found that women and transgender students reported higher negative outcome expectations in engineering than men. However, there were no significant group differences across race/ethnicity. Implications for practice, theory, and future vocational research in engineering are discussed.
In Their Own Words
Authors: Gultekin Laura , Brush Barbara L.
Published: November 2016

Housing instability threatens the health and well-being of millions of families across the United States, yet little is known about the characteristics or housing trajectories of at-risk families. To address this gap in our understanding of family risk for housing instability and homelessness, we undertook a qualitative descriptive study utilizing a convenience sample of 16 mothers recruited from a housing service agency living in Detroit and receiving emergency services to avoid homelessness. Participants completed the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), then narrated their life events and reasons for housing instability and disclosed desired interventions for homelessness prevention. Data analysis reveals that women experienced high rates of previously undisclosed trauma, broken family relationships, early parenting responsibilities, social isolation, and system failures that contributed to recurrent episodes of housing instability. We argue that housing instability is a symptom of multiple chronic underlying issues that need more than a temporary financial patch.
Favorite Battlegrounds of Climate Action
Authors: Uzelgun Mehmet ali , Lewiński Marcin , Castro Paula
Published: November 2016

This article examines how two conflicting views regarding science-society relations—science as the arbiter of truth and as a social endeavor—perpetuate a tension in the way scientific consensus and evidence are called upon in climate change debate. In our analysis of interviews with climate change campaigners, we employ argumentation theory and social representations theory to identify and account for three discursive strategies of responding to climate contrarian arguments: direct confrontation by dichotomous arguments, de-dichotomization by addressing background assumptions, and concession to minor scientific uncertainties. We discuss these strategies emphasizing the science-society relations evident in each.
Enacting Multiple Audiences
Authors: Szymanski Erika
Published: November 2016

Science communication makes science relevant to nonscientist audiences, but relevance and audience can be resolved at multiple levels. This study in the New Zealand wine industry suggests that written science communication can make science topically relevant without building relevant relationships with individual audience members. Paradoxically, winemakers and winegrowers describe research as relevant to industry generally but not to their own work in particular. Analyzing science communication documents shows rhetorical moves connecting research and industry but distancing research from individual readers. This case suggests the utility of attending to rhetorical relationships in science communication and the need for unique rhetorical strategies.
Doubt, Delay, and Discourse
Authors: Roper Juliet , Ganesh Shiv , Zorn Theodore E.
Published: November 2016

This article proposes a theoretical framework to explain climate skeptics’ persuasive discursive strategies against anthropogenic global warming. By combining Bourdieu’s notions of political and social fields with discursive articulation the framework explains skeptics’ strategies to politicise climate change, generate debate, and delay political action. To illustrate the framework, we analyze publications of the New Zealand Climate Science Coalition, an internationally influential organization with strong links to U.S. conservative think tanks. Findings demonstrate strategies for polarization along lines of Left versus Right ideologies by linking climate change issues to prominent social discourses, thus garnering public support and delaying policy action.
Measuring Substance Use Among System-Involved IPV Survivors: A Research Note
Authors: O’Brien Jennifer E. , Ermentrout Dania , Li Wen , Dababnah Sarah , Rizo Cynthia F. , Macy Rebecca J.
Published: November 2016

This research note presents findings from a qualitative study exploring female, system-involved intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors’ perspectives on substance use disclosure in the context of research studies. The study sample includes 22 women who completed a court- and/or child protective services (CPS)–mandated IPV parenting program. Analyses revealed three key areas of participants’ perspectives on substance use assessment and disclosure: (a) administration setting/format and measurement clarity, (b) administrator characteristics, and (c) repercussions due to breach of confidentiality. Findings from the current study offer insights into barriers for survivors reporting their substance use and suggestions for researchers seeking to assess substance use among this population.
Welcoming Cities: Immigration Policy at the Local Government Level
Authors: Huang Xi , Liu Cathy Yang
Published: November 2016

In the face of continued immigration to the United States and federal policy inertia, many local governments have started to adopt their own immigrant-related policies to cope with the newcomers. Among them, welcoming cities represent a new wave of inclusive local government responses that seeks to incorporate immigrants socially and economically and deviates from the previous policies that focus on law enforcement and legal status. In this article, we explore the rationales behind these cities’ commitment to immigrant integration by examining the effect of theory-based local demographic, economic, political, fiscal, and institutional characteristics and national network organization on local governments’ policy adoption. Our results indicate that cities that have an educated, diverse, and liberal population, are more economically troubled but fiscally sound are more likely to become welcoming cities. The Welcoming America as an umbrella organization also plays an important role in facilitating the welcoming movement.
Adventures with Lex: The gamification of research?
Authors: Barwick Joanna , Watkins Dawn , Kirk Elee , Law Effie
Published: November 2016

There is a wide range of interest in gamification – with game design elements being used in an increasing number of non-game contexts. Yet, despite these developments, there has been little interest from the academic community in the potential opportunities that gamification presents in the research context. Law in Children’s Lives is an innovative project that has explored the use of a specially designed tablet-based game, Adventures with Lex, as a data collection tool. The game, developed using participatory design techniques, has been used as a means to investigate children’s perceptions of the law in their everyday lives. This article presents a case study of the processes and challenges involved in the development of the game which leads to a discussion of the implications of this study for the wider use of game-based research.
Patterns of successful media production
Authors: von Rimscha M Bjørn , Verhoeven Marcel , Krebs Isabelle , Sommer Christoph , Siegert Gabriele
Published: November 2016

While it has been acknowledged that convergence is a multidimensional phenomenon, the convergence of media production processes has received little attention from researchers so far. In this article, we address this research gap with a qualitative study of production processes in different types of media. Our starting point is that independent of the media type, common product characteristics can be identified, that promote success in the audience market. We ask whether the same is true for process characteristics; whether there are converged processes that promote audience success independent of the media type. The study is based on n = 39 interviews in the German-speaking markets. Our findings provide a differentiated result: We do find similarities in the processes along the lines of product characteristics; however, the project phase is an important influencer. While processes in the development phase are more converged, production and distribution still demand distinct processes for different media types. In general, we can confirm studies that find a reluctance of media practitioners towards convergence, which often remains an underfunded and cost-oriented brain child of the top management.
The material role of digital media in connecting with, within and beyond museums
Authors: Light Ben , Bagnall Gaynor , Crawford Garry , Gosling Victoria
Published: November 2016

The connective potentials of digital media have been positioned as a key part of a contemporary museum visitor experience. Using a sociology of translation, we construct a network of visitor experiences using data from a digital media engagement project at a large and multi-sited museum in the United Kingdom. These experiences relate to (dis)connections with the museum, museum objects and other visitors. Through this analysis, we disclose the often contradictory roles of the non-human, including and going beyond the digital, as contributors to the success and failure of attempts to change museum visitor experiences through engagement activities rooted in narratives of participation and connectivity.
Comparison of three infertility-specific measures in men and women going through assisted reproductive technology treatment
Authors: Pedro Juliana , Frederiksen Yoon , Schmidt Lone , Ingerslev Hans J , Zachariae Robert , Martins Mariana V
Published: November 2016

We compared the psychometric properties of COMPI Fertility Problem Stress Scales, Fertility Problem Inventory, and Fertility Quality of Life Tool in 293 patients enrolled for assisted reproductive technology. COMPI Fertility Problem Stress Scales and Fertility Problem Inventory subscales presented higher internal consistency. COMPI Fertility Problem Stress Scales differentiated best between its domains. Fertility Problem Inventory revealed better concurrent validity. Fertility Quality of Life Tool presented better fit. While discrimination for depression was similar between measures, Fertility Quality of Life Tool was better at discriminating anxiety. Results suggest that while all compared measures are reliable and valid in assessing the psychosocial adjustment to infertility, the choice of measure should be based according to the assessment goals.
An acceptance and commitment therapy self-help intervention for carers of patients in palliative care: Protocol of a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Davis Esther L , Deane Frank P , Lyons Geoffrey CB
Published: November 2016

Undertaking a caregiving role at end of life can have enduring psychological consequences for carers, including poor adjustment in bereavement. Acceptance and commitment therapy–based interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in helping people cope with a range of life challenges. This article presents the protocol of a feasibility randomised controlled trial of an acceptance and commitment therapy self-help intervention for psychological distress and grief in carers of patients in palliative care. We will assess feasibility and acceptability of the trial procedures and intervention as well as preliminary effectiveness of the intervention on carer well-being outcomes.
Innovating consultative authoritarianism: Internet votes as a novel digital tool to stabilize non-democratic rule in Russia
Authors: Toepfl Florian
Published: November 2016

Extant research on the consequences of the Internet for non-democratic politics has focused on how oppositional activists leverage new digital tools. By contrast, still, relatively little is known about how authoritarian elites proactively deploy digital technologies to legitimize their rule. This article contributes to filling this gap by scrutinizing one highly innovative tactic that has recently been adopted repeatedly by Russia’s ruling elites: the organization of ‘Internet votes’ to staff advisory bodies to the government. In contrast to online petitions, online votes are aimed at aggregating citizen preferences not on issues but on candidates, that is, on individuals who later act as political representatives. The article presents an in-depth case study of the first such Internet vote conducted in Russia in 2012. It concludes that ruling elites deployed the tool swiftly to (1) disempower oppositional activists and (2) convey to the mass public the image of a transparent, accountable and responsive government.
Middle Hope
Authors: Gerlach Joe
Published: November 2016

How does one hope? In this short essay, I narrate moments from time spent at Middle Hope, a small coastal inlet of the Severn Estuary, England. These moments aim to offer, hesitantly, brief respite from certain liberal narratives that rely upon the promulgation of ‘hope’ as a reasonable societal disposition with which to face planetary transformation. I suggest, instead, a turn to ambivalence and melancholy.
Identification of jet noise source using causality method based on large-eddy simulation of a round jet flow
Authors: Lee Hyunsun , Uzun Ali , Yousuff Hussaini M
Published: November 2016

An acoustic analogy analysis based on a decomposition of the source term in Lighthill’s equation is discussed in light of a large-eddy simulation of a subsonic turbulent jet exhausting from a baseline round nozzle at Mach number M = 0.9 with Reynolds number Re = 105. The decomposed sub-terms show the nonlinear reciprocal interactions of density, velocity, vorticity, and dilatation fields. To understand the aerodynamic sound generation mechanism, intrinsic links between turbulent flow and emitted acoustic signals are made and applied to the large-eddy simulation data. Cross-correlation functions are used for the links between the far-field sound signals and the sub-terms as well as major flow variables in the jet flow domain. The spatial distributions of cross-correlations are examined to identify the sound source distribution throughout the domain and observe the mutual interactions and cancellations between the decomposed sub-terms. The contributions of sub-terms are also studied in frequency domain.
Prognostic Indicators: Predicting Degree of Change From Interventions for Adolescents at Risk for Language Weakness
Authors: Poll Gerard H. , Burke Lisa , Miller Carol A. , Fiene Judy
Published: November 2016

Prognostic statements are a standard component of assessments for adolescents at risk for language-learning disabilities, but there is limited evidence on the validity of prognostic indicators. In two studies, we collected measures of language ability and candidate prognostic indicators from adolescents age 12 to 13. We conducted an expository writing intervention. We observed relations between candidate prognostic measures and intervention response. In Study 1, a combination of compensatory and language ability measures better explained intervention gain than language ability measures alone. In Study 2, level of metacognitive awareness emerged as the prognostic indicator most associated with gain in holistic quality of expository essays. These exploratory data support the notion that selected compensatory ability measures aid in predicting gains from writing interventions for adolescents. The level of metacognitive awareness is a promising short-term prognostic indicator for adolescents who are candidates for interventions focused on ways of compensating for language ability weaknesses.
Participatory Documentary Then and Now
Authors: ross jesikah maria , Funari Vicky
Published: November 2016

In this conversation, community media activist jesikah maria ross and filmmaker Vicky Funari talk about the work they have done together in alternative media since the 1990s. Their shared projects include skin•es•the•si•a (1994), an experimental video exploring the cultural codification of the female body; Paulina (1998), a feature-length documentary about a resilient Mexican woman whose parents traded her for land when she was a child; and Maquilápolis [City of Factories] (2006), a participatory documentary that tells the stories of women workers in Tijuana’s multinational factories, and explores through their eyes the transformation of a city and its people by the forces of globalization. Set just after their last collaborative project, Troubled Waters (2014), their conversation addresses the issues of media pedagogy and aesthetics, technological affordances and limits, and the changing state of participatory media production in the United States.
Psychological Capital and Career Success Over Time: The Mediating Role of Job Crafting
Authors: Cenciotti Roberto , Alessandri Guido , Borgogni Laura
Published: November 2016

The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of job crafting, namely the set of proactive behaviors aimed at shaping the job role according to one’s preferences, in the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap) and career success. This latter was operationalized as both a worker’s subjective perception (i.e., job satisfaction) and an objective attainment (i.e., change of hierarchical level, namely promotion). A two-wave study on 349 employees from a large service organization, working as middle managers, was conducted matching participants’ self-reported data (i.e., PsyCap, job crafting, and job satisfaction) with their hierarchical level, provided by the HR department. The results from the longitudinal structural equation model supported the posited links among variables and thus confirmed the positive influence of PsyCap on crafting behaviors, which in turn positively affected both job satisfaction and promotions over time. Moreover, job crafting reciprocally and positively influenced PsyCap. Finally, job crafting fully mediated the effect of PsyCap on job satisfaction, as well as those on promotions, pointing to the key role of agentic behaviors in translating one’s psychological resources in subjective and objective career success. Future research directions and practical implications for organizations are discussed.
Wireless-powered cooperative energy aware anycast routing in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Hadi Fazle , Ahmed Sheeraz , Minhas Abid Ali , Al Mazyad Abdulaziz , Islam Najam ul , Ahmed Imran , Javaid Nadeem
Published: November 2016

A wireless-powered cooperative energy aware anycast routing protocol is proposed in this work. In contrary to conventional cooperative networks, it is considered here that all the relays did not have embedded energy supply, rather equipped with rechargeable batteries and energy harvesting units. Hence, from source signals, they accumulate sufficient harvested energy before the information is forwarded to its destination. Each relay between two basic modes will switch adaptively, which are information forwarding and energy harvesting. The research is limited to decode-and-forward scheme and fixed ratio combining, which works at the relay node of the network and the receiver end, respectively. The physical layer cooperative diversity and network layer multi-hop routing lead us to devise a minimum energy routing protocol as the joint optimization of power required for transmission at physical layer and also at network layer for the process to select a link. Simulating our algorithm demonstrates that the suggested cooperative energy aware anycast routing scheme has a better end-to-end delay and better ratio of packet delivery. Results further reveal that our proposed algorithm has improved energy consumption in comparison to the non-cooperative energy aware anycast scheme and the cooperation-based robust cooperative routing protocol scheme. Sensed data are allocated between nearby nodes by cooperative energy aware anycast routing in a cost-effective way in order to achieve maximum network lifetime.
Life Is Strange and “Games Are Made”: A Philosophical Interpretation of a Multiple-Choice Existential Simulator With Copilot Sartre
Authors: de Miranda Luis
Published: November 2016

The multiple-choice video game Life is Strange was described by its French developers as a metaphor for the inner conflicts experienced by a teenager in trying to become an adult. In psychological work with adolescents, there is a stark similarity between what they experience and some concepts of existentialist philosophy. Sartre’s script for the movie Les Jeux Sont Faits (literally “games are made”) uses the same narrative strategy as Life is Strange—the capacity for the main characters to travel back in time to change their own existence—in order to stimulate philosophical, ethical, and political thinking and also to effectively simulate existential “limit situations.” This article is a dialogue between Sartre’s views and Life is Strange in order to examine to what extent questions such as what is freedom? what is choice? what is autonomy and responsibility? can be interpreted anew in hybrid digital–human—“anthrobotic”—environments.
The ethics of online research with unsuspecting users: From A/B testing to C/D experimentation
Authors: Benbunan-Fich Raquel
Published: November 2016

This article analyzes recent cases of company-sponsored online experiments with unsuspecting users and discusses the ethical aspects of such experimentation. These cases illustrate a new type of online research where companies modify their algorithms to intentionally misinform or mislead users. Unlike typical forms of A/B testing, where two versions of the same website are presented to different users to evaluate interface changes, algorithm modification is a deeper form of testing where changes in program code induce user deception. Thus, we propose to call this new approach C/D experimentation to distinguish it from the surface-level website evaluation associated with A/B testing. Three aspects raise ethical concerns regarding C/D experimentation: the absence of user consent to participate in research, the presence of intentional deception, and the complete lack of protection for human subjects who partake in privately funded behavioral research. Three recommendations are proposed to address these issues: (i) to develop an ethical code of conduct for subject protection shared by online companies, (ii) to include special provisions for C/D experiments in social networking platforms, and (iii) to create an independent user advocacy board to protect the rights of users who partake in online research conducted in the private sector.
Apixaban for treatment of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ATTICUS randomized trial): Rationale and study design
Authors: Geisler Tobias , Poli Sven , Meisner Christoph , Schreieck Juergen , Zuern Christine S , Nägele Thomas , Brachmann Johannes , Jung Werner , Gahn Georg , Schmid Elisabeth , Bäezner Hansjörg , Keller Timea , Petzold Gabor C , Schrickel Jan-Wilko , Liman Jan , Wachter Rolf , Schön Frauke , Schabet Martin , Lindner Alfred , Ludolph Albert C , Kimmig Hubert , Jander Sebastian , Schlegel Uwe , Gawaz Meinrad , Ziemann Ulf
Published: November 2016

Rationale

Optimal secondary prevention of embolic stroke of undetermined source is not established. The current standard in these patients is acetylsalicylic acid, despite high prevalence of yet undetected paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Aim

The ATTICUS randomized trial is designed to determine whether the factor Xa inhibitor apixaban administered within 7 days after embolic stroke of undetermined source, is superior to acetylsalicylic acid for prevention of new ischemic lesions documented by brain magnetic resonance imaging within 12 months after index stroke.

Design

Prospective, randomized, blinded, parallel-group, open-label, German multicenter phase III trial in approximately 500 patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source. A key inclusion criterion is the presence or the planned implantation of an insertable cardiac monitor. Patients are 1:1 randomized to apixaban or acetylsalicylic acid and treated for a 12-month period. It is an event-driven trial aiming for core-lab adjudicated primary outcome events.

Study outcomes

The primary outcome is the occurrence of at least one new ischemic lesion identified by axial T2-weighted FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging and/or axial DWI magnetic resonance imaging at 12 months when compared with the baseline magnetic resonance imaging. Key secondary outcomes are the combination of recurrent ischemic strokes, hemorrhagic strokes, systemic embolism; combination of MACE including recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death and combination of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding defined according to ISTH, and change of cognitive function and quality of life (EQ-5D, Stroke Impact Scale).

Discussion

Embolic stroke of undetermined source is caused by embolic disease and associated with a high risk of recurrent ischemic strokes and clinically silent cerebral ischemic lesions. ATTICUS will investigate the impact of atrial fibrillation detected by insertable cardiac monitor and the effects of early anticoagulation with apixaban compared with antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid on the incidence of new ischemic lesion after embolic stroke of undetermined source.
Development, in vitro and in vivo evaluations of novel lipid drug delivery system of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.)
Authors: Umeyor Chukwuebuka , Anaka Emmanuel , Kenechukwu Franklin , Agbo Chinazom , Attama Anthony
Published: November 2016

Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.) is a tropical rainforest plant used in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of malaria, cough, joint pains, stomach ache, oedema and inflammation. The main thrust of this research work was to study the analgesic/anti-nociceptive properties of N. laevis-loaded solid lipid microdispersions. N. laevis leaves were extracted using ethanol, and the extract was formulated into solid lipid microdispersions using lipid matrix comprising a rational blend of Precirol® ATO 5 and Softisan® 154. Characterization of the solid lipid microdispersions include determination of morphology, particle size, pH, thermal property, encapsulation efficiency percentage and analgesic/anti-nociceptive property. The results obtained showed that the particles were spherical with sizes ranging from 40 µm to 125 µm. The solid lipid microdispersions maintained a stable pH within the acidic region of 5–6 with insignificant variations ( p > 0.05) over a period of 90 days. Thermal analysis showed that N. laevis was entrapped in the lipid matrix used for the formulations. Solid lipid microdispersions recorded a maximum encapsulation efficiency up to 88.1%. N. laevis-loaded solid lipid microdispersions also produced good analgesic/anti-nociceptive property comparable with the standard diclofenac potassium. N. laevis-loaded solid lipid microdispersions showed good analgesic/anti-nociceptive effect and could be used in the treatment and management of pain.
The Imagination Library Program and Kindergarten Readiness
Authors: Ridzi Frank , Sylvia Monica , Qiao Xiaofen , Craig Jeff
Published: November 2016

Literature suggests that reading to children can have a significant impact on their early literacy development and long-term school performance. We examine whether consistent participation (i.e., three or more years) in Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library (DPIL), a book distribution program that provides one book per month to children ages birth through five, is associated with higher kindergarten readiness. This study examines 2,731 incoming kindergartners in the Syracuse City School District in 2013 and 2014 using the AIMSweb Letter Naming Fluency (LNF) test to assess kindergarten readiness. LNF is frequently identified as the best single indicator of risk for reading failure and has been shown to have a strong ability to predict future reading, vocabulary, and language development. Examining both the entire population and propensity score matched groups, we find that a significantly higher percentage of those consistently participating in DPIL were considered as ready for kindergarten. This difference remained even after controlling for key demographic variables.
Investigation of Eligible Picture Categories for Use as Environmental Cues in Dementia-Sensitive Environments
Authors: Motzek Tom , Bueter Kathrin , Marquardt Gesine
Published: November 2016

Objectives:

Environmental cues, such as pictures, could be helpful in improving room-finding and wayfinding abilities among older patients. The aim of this study was to identify picture categories that are preferred and easily remembered by older patients and cognitively impaired patients and which therefore might be suitable for use as environmental cues in acute care settings.

Methods:

Twelve pictures were presented to a sample of older patients ( n = 37). The pictures represented different categories: familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar), type of shot (close-up vs. wide shot), and picture content (nature vs. animal vs. urban). We tested the patients’ votes of preference and abilities to identify and immediately recall pictures. Cognitively impaired patients ( n = 14) were assessed by the abbreviated mental test and the mini mental state examination and were compared with patients without cognitive impairments ( n = 23) using a repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results:

The results showed a main effect of familiarity on positive vote and recall of pictures. The absence of interaction effects of familiarity and group indicated an overall impact of familiarity on the sample. Within cognitively impaired patients, a significant difference in recall of picture content between urban (20%) and animal (9%) was found.

Conclusions:

Pictures, which patients were able to relate to in terms of familiarity and the characteristics urban and nature, seem to be suitable for use as environmental cues. Besides functioning as such, we assume, based on literature, that pictures could further enhance the ambiance or serve as prompts for communication and interaction.
Biomechanical Comparison of Fixation Devices for First Metatarsocuneiform Joint Arthrodesis
Authors: Knutsen Ashleen R. , Fleming John F. , Ebramzadeh Edward , Ho Nathan C. , Warganich Tibor , Harris Thomas G. , Sangiorgio Sophia N.
Published: November 2016

Common surgical treatment of first tarsal-metatarsal arthritis is by first metatarsocuneiform joint arthrodesis. While crossed-screw and locking plate fixation are the most widely used methods, a novel construct was designed to alleviate soft tissue irritation while still providing stable fixation. Using anatomic first metatarsal and medial cuneiform composites, we compared 3 arthrodesis implants (crossed-screw, dorsal locking plate, and IO Fix) under 2 cyclic bending loading scenarios (cantilever and 4-point bending). Additionally, the optimal orientation (plantar-dorsal or dorsal-plantar) of the IO Fix construct was determined. Failure load, diastasis, joint space angle, and axial and angular stiffness were determined. Both crossed-screw fixation and the IO Fix constructs experienced significantly higher failure loads than the dorsal locking plate during both loading scenarios. Additionally, they had lower plantar diastasis and joint space angle at failure than the plate. Moreover, the plantar-dorsal IO Fix construct was significantly stiffer than the crossed-screw during cantilever bending. Finally, the plantar-dorsal orientation of the IO Fix device had higher failure load and lower diastasis and angle at failure than in the dorsal-plantar orientation. The results suggest that the IO Fix system can reduce motion at the interfragmentary site and ensure compression for healing comparable to that of the crossed-screw fixation.

Levels of Evidence: Level V: Bench testing
Hematogenous Calcaneal Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: Mooney Megan L. , Haidet Kirk , Liu Jiayong , Ebraheim Nabil A.
Published: November 2016

Osteomyelitis in children commonly affects long bones such as the femur, tibia, and humerus. There have been relatively few documented studies of osteomyelitis at unusual locations, such as the calcaneus. The objective of this study is to systematically review information on the diagnostic and treatment methods of calcaneal osteomyelitis as well as associated complications. Methods included research database searches using primarily PubMed and EMBASE databases. Results of the review show no clear approach to diagnosis and treatment of calcaneal osteomyelitis in children. Clinical presentation of refusal to bear weight was the most common clinical symptom. Magnetic resonance imaging was 100% diagnostic in studies that used this modality, compared with X-rays, which were 14%-71.4% diagnostic. Blood cultures were diagnostic in 27% to 55% of cases, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in 79% to 97% of cases. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was the most common cultured organism. Treatment involved either antibiotics alone or in combination with surgical debridement/evacuation. Penicillin, penicillin derivatives, cephalosporins, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol were the most commonly used antibiotics, with duration varying from 5 days to 10 weeks. The most common complication was recurrent osteomyelitis.

Levels of Evidence: III
The Effect of Suture Anchor Insertion Angle on Calcaneus Pullout Strength: Challenging the Deadman’s Angle
Authors: Weiss William M. , Saucedo Ramon P. , Robinson John D. , Lo Chung-Chieh Jason , Morris Randal P. , Panchbhavi Vinod K.
Published: November 2016

Background. Refractory cases of Achilles tendinopathy amenable to surgery may include reattachment of the tendon using suture anchors. However, there is paucity of information describing the optimal insertion angle to maximize the tendon footprint and anchor stability in the calcaneus. The purpose of this investigation is to compare the fixation strength of suture anchors inserted at 90° and 45° (the Deadman’s angle) relative to the primary compressive trabeculae of the calcaneus. Methods. A total of 12 matched pairs of adult cadaveric calcanei were excised and potted to approximate their alignment in vivo. Each pair was implanted with 5.5-mm bioabsorbable suture anchors placed either perpendicular (90°) or oblique (45°) to the primary compressive trabeculae. A tensile load was applied until failure of anchor fixation. Differences in failure load and stiffness between anchor fixation angles were determined by paired t-tests. Results. No significant differences were detected between perpendicular and oblique suture anchor insertion relative to primary compressive trabeculae in terms of load to failure or stiffness. Conclusion. This investigation suggests that the fixation strength of suture anchors inserted perpendicular to the primary compression trabeculae and at the Deadman’s angle are possibly comparable.

Levels of Evidence: Biomechanical comparison study
Repair of Chronic Achilles Ruptures Has a High Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Bullock Mark J. , DeCarbo William T. , Hofbauer Mark H. , Thun Joshua D.
Published: November 2016

Background. Despite the low incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in foot and ankle surgery, some authors report a high incidence of symptomatic DVT following Achilles tendon rupture. The purpose of this study was to identify DVT risk factors inherent to Achilles tendon repair to determine which patients may benefit from prophylaxis. Methods. One hundred and thirteen patient charts were reviewed following elective and nonelective Achilles tendon repair. For elective repair of insertional or noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy, parameters examined included lateral versus prone positioning and the presence versus absence of a flexor hallucis longus transfer. For nonelective repair, acute Achilles tendon ruptures were compared to chronic Achilles tendon ruptures. Results. Of 113 Achilles tendon repairs, 3 venous thromboembolism (VTE) events (2.65%) occurred including 2 pulmonary emboli (1.77%). Seventeen of these repairs were chronic Achilles tendon ruptures, and all 3 VTE events (17.6%) occurred within this subgroup. Elevated body mass index was associated with VTE in patients with chronic Achilles ruptures although this did not reach significance ( P = .064). No VTE events were reported after repair of 28 acute tendon ruptures or after 68 elective repairs of tendinopathy. Two patients with misdiagnosed partial Achilles tendon tears were excluded because they experienced a VTE event 3 weeks and 5 weeks after injury, prior to surgery. Conclusion. In our retrospective review, chronic Achilles ruptures had a statistically significant higher incidence of VTE compared with acute Achilles ruptures ( P = .048) or elective repair ( P = .0069). Pharmaceutical anticoagulation may be considered for repair of chronic ruptures. Repair of acute ruptures and elective repair may not warrant routine prophylaxis due to a lower incidence of VTE.

Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level III: Case Control Study
Hypothermia-treated neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Optimal timing of quantitative ADC measurement to predict disease severity
Authors: Lee Yauk K , Penn Alex , Patel Mahesh , Pandit Rajul , Song Dongli , Ha Bo Yoon
Published: November 2016

To determine the optimal time window for MR imaging with quantitative ADC measurement in neonatal HIE after hypothermia treatment, a retrospective review was performed on consecutive hypothermia-treated term neonates with HIE, with an initial and follow-up MR imaging within the first two weeks of life. Three neuroradiologists categorized each set of MR imaging as normal, mild, moderate or severe HIE based on a consensus review of the serial imaging. The lowest ADC values from the white matter, corpus callosum, and basal ganglia/thalamus were measured. The ADC values between mild-moderate and severe HIE were compared using a Student’s t-test over a range of different time windows. A total of 33 MR imaging examinations were performed on 16 neonates that included three normal, four mild, five moderate, and four severe HIE. The time window of 3–10 days showed a statistically significant decrease in ADC value in severe HIE compared to mild-moderate HIE in all three locations, respectively: white matter 0.5 ± 0.22 versus 0.83 ± 0.27 ( p value 0.01), corpus callosum 0.69 ± 0.19 versus 0.91 ± 0.17 ( p value 0.01), and basal ganglia/thalamus 0.63 ± 0.16 versus 0.98 ± 0.06 ( p value <0.01). The range of 3–10 days is the optimal time window for MR imaging with quantitative ADC after hypothermia treatment.
Shareveillance: Subjectivity between open and closed data
Authors: Birchall Clare
Published: November 2016

This article attempts to question modes of sharing and watching to rethink political subjectivity beyond that which is enabled and enforced by the current data regime. It identifies and examines a ‘shareveillant’ subjectivity: a form configured by the sharing and watching that subjects have to withstand and enact in the contemporary data assemblage. Looking at government open and closed data as case studies, this article demonstrates how ‘shareveillance’ produces an anti-political role for the public. In describing shareveillance as, after Jacques Rancière, a distribution of the (digital) sensible, this article posits a politico-ethical injunction to cut into the share and flow of data in order to arrange a more enabling assemblage of data and its affects. In order to interrupt shareveillance, this article borrows a concept from Édouard Glissant and his concern with raced otherness to imagine what a ‘right to opacity’ might mean in the digital context. To assert this right is not to endorse the individual subject in her sovereignty and solitude, but rather to imagine a collective political subjectivity and relationality according to the important question of what it means to ‘share well’ beyond the veillant expectations of the state.
A review of design characteristics of cognitive behavioral therapy-informed behavioral intervention technologies for youth with depression and anxiety
Authors: Stiles-Shields Colleen , Ho Joyce , Mohr David C
Published: November 2016

Objective

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has the strongest evidence base for the prevention and treatment of depression and anxiety in youth. Behavioral intervention technologies (BITs) provide an opportunity to overcome access barriers to traditional delivery of CBT. The present review evaluates the design characteristics of CBT-informed BITs for depression and anxiety designed for and tested with youth.

Methods

A state-of-the-art review of three library databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted to identify papers that evaluated the use of CBT-informed BITs for the prevention and/or treatment of depression and anxiety among youth. Narrative results of design characteristics were organized using the BIT model, which provides a framework for design and evaluation.

Results

219 unique results were retrieved through the search. After review, 14 papers (4 prevention and 10 treatment) met the selection criteria. A broad diversity occurred in reporting the design and methodology of CBT delivered to youth through BITs. Psychoeducation was overwhelmingly utilized as the primary change strategy throughout the interventions, with a heavy use of content delivery elements and linear workflows. The reporting of sample characteristics was minimal and varied.

Conclusions

Providing psychoeducation via content delivery was the most utilized BIT change strategy in the interventions, likely limiting the use of multiple BIT elements or flexible workflows. While characterizations could be inferred from the current reports, the high level of variability in reporting is problematic. Generalizability becomes increasingly more difficult to carry out effectively without clear descriptions of the design for evaluated BITs.
The Men’s Safer Sex Trial: A feasibility randomised controlled trial of an interactive digital intervention to increase condom use in men
Authors: Bailey Julia V , Webster Rosie , Griffin Mark , Freemantle Nick , Hunter Rachael , Rait Greta , Estcourt Claudia , Anderson Jane , Gerressu Makeda , Stephenson Judith , Michie Susan , Murray Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

Objectives

We aimed to determine the feasibility of an online randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the Men’s Safer Sex website, measuring condom use and sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Methods

For this study 159 men aged ≥16 with female sexual partners and recent condomless sex or suspected STI were recruited from three UK sexual health clinics. Participants were randomised to the intervention website plus usual clinic care ( n = 84), or usual clinic care only ( n = 75). Online outcome data were solicited at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results

Men were enrolled via tablet computers in clinic waiting rooms. Software errors and clinic Wi-Fi access presented significant challenges, and online questionnaire response rates were poor (36% at 3 months with a £10 voucher; 50% at 12 months with £30). Clinical records (for STI diagnoses) were located for 94% of participants. Some 37% of the intervention group did not see the intervention website ( n = 31/84), and (as expected) there was no detectable difference in condomless sex with female partners (IRR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.96). New acute STI diagnoses were recorded for 8.8% (7/80) of the intervention group, and 13.0% (9/69) of the control group over 12 months (IRR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.90).

Conclusion

It is likely to be feasible to conduct a future large-scale RCT to assess the impact of an online intervention using clinic STI diagnoses as a primary outcome. However, practical and technical challenges need to be addressed before the potential of digital media interventions can be realised in sexual health settings. Trial registration number: ISRCTN18649610
Bonding Gossip as an Identity Negotiation Life Phase: A Study of Multimodal Texting via Smartphone Among Taiwanese College Freshmen
Authors: Shiau Hong-Chi
Published: November 2016

Drawn on ethnographic interviews with 17 informants as well as seven focus group interviews, this study examines how college freshmen text on social media via smartphones to formulate collegiate bonding. Gossip is common between two individuals to avoid collapsed context, so both parties can ascertain the meaning derived from such situated interaction; it is less frequently among multiple small group users. Three linguistic genres of gossip identified include (1) sarcastic gossip—negative but not malicious—on fellows, (2) gossip against authorities, and (3) celebrity gossip. However, gossiping among freshmen is a life-phase phenomenon, usually lasting 2 or 3 months until a solid social network with stronger ties in an offline context has been secured. Over time, the freshmen have gradually reduced their amount of time investing in such communicative capital. As a result of multimodal communicative tools, social media has afforded wider and more multimodal dissemination of information which the freshmen might otherwise have not been able to access. Gossiping is popular for it provides sources of conversational comfort and sartorial security, creating a safer net so that the freshmen could playfully navigate through the precarious life phase.
The case for many Internets
Authors: Lingel Jessa
Published: November 2016

Internet studies research often concentrates on mainstream platforms, practices, and users at the expense of people and technologies at the margin. This article introduces a collection of essays that addresses the gap in research, taking a number of different approaches. Indeed, arguing for a diverse and multi-faceted understanding of digital technologies can take a number of forms, including studying platforms that are incredibly common yet rarely investigated, looking at practices that fall outside the scope of mainstream communication research, and investigating communities that are non-Western, non-urban, and/or non-heteronormative. Research in these areas is crucial in developing a broader understanding of online platforms, and for expanding theoretical frameworks related to technology, media, and communication.