bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Gemba Boards to Facilitate Evidence-Based Practice in Critical Care
Authors: Bourgault Annette M. , Upvall Michele J. , Graham Alison
Published: June 2018

Background

Tradition-based practices lack supporting research evidence and may be harmful or ineffective. Engagement of key stakeholders is a critical step toward facilitating evidence-based practice change. Gemba, derived from Japanese, refers to the real place where work is done. Gemba boards (visual management tools) appear to be an innovative method to engage stakeholders and facilitate evidence-based practice.

Objectives

To explore the use of gemba boards and gemba huddles to facilitate practice change.

Methods

Twenty-two critical care nurses participated in interviews in this qualitative, descriptive study. Thematic analysis was used to code and categorize interview data. Two researchers reached consensus on coding and derived themes. Data were managed with qualitative analysis software.

Results

The code gemba occurred most frequently; a secondary analysis was performed to explore its impact on practice change. Four themes were derived from the gemba code: (1) facilitation of staff, leadership, and interdisciplinary communication, (2) transparency of outcome data, (3) solicitation of staff ideas and feedback, and (4) dissemination of practice changes. Gemba boards and gemba huddles became part of the organizational culture for promoting and disseminating evidence-based practices.

Conclusions

Unit-based, publicly located gemba boards and huddles have become key components of evidence-based practice culture. Gemba is both a tool and a process to engage team members and the public to generate clinical questions and to plan, implement, and evaluate practice changes. Future research on the effectiveness of gemba boards to facilitate evidence-based practice is warranted.
Length-based variations in deposition of chitin in the exoskeleton of Penaeus monodon and P. indicus
Authors: Wickramasinghe Bimba R. , Cumaranatunga P. Ruchira T.
Published: June 2018

Shrimp waste produced at the processing factories is a burden to the environment. Nevertheless, it is a raw material for extraction of chitin which is with more commercial uses. In this study chitin was extracted from shrimp waste collected from three different length ranges (5-10cm, 10-15cm, 15-20cm) of Penaeus monodon and P. indicus from a local small-scale processing factory, to determine the most suitable length class of shrimps to obtain a higher chitin yield. Dried shrimp waste was preconditioned by soaking in acetic acid, demineralized by treating with HCl and deproteinized by treating with NaOH.  Extracted chitin was odourless, and pinkish white and off-white in P. monodon in P. indicus respectively. Highest chitin yield was from the largest size range of both species, P. monodon (30.5%) and P. indicus (27.86%). Ash, moisture, fat and nitrogen of extracted chitin were 0.98%, 5.80% and 6.16 % in P. monodon and 0.98%, 5.72% and 6.22% in P. indicus of dry weight respectively, which were matched with the moisture content (5.5%), ash (0.3%) and nitrogen (6.9%) of chitin available in the market. The chitin extracted from P. indicus of 5-10 cm length range had a moisture content of 5.72% and a nitrogen content of 6.22%, which were the closest to the moisture and crude nitrogen in the pure commercial chitin. Ash content (0.98%) of all the extracted chitin were comparable to those of pure chitin. This indicates that chitin extracted from shrimp waste in the processing industry is comparable to commercially available chitin and therefore shrimp waste is a suitable source for extraction of chitin for commercial purposes.
HLA-DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 Alleles Associated with Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in a Chinese Population: A Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Jia Yan , Su Tao , Gu Yanghui , Li Cui , Zhou Xujie , Su Jianqun , Sun Pingping , Tang Jiawei , Yang Liu , Liu Gang , Yang Li
Published: June 2018

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury with various origins. HLA-DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 have been associated with development of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome in case reports and small case series, but information about HLA genetic susceptibility to drug hypersensitivity–related ATIN (D-ATIN) or other types of ATIN is limited. In this article, we genotyped 154 patients with ATIN of different causes and 200 healthy controls at HLA-DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 loci. We found that there was no difference between patients with D-ATIN and TINU in the carrier’s frequency of HLA-DQA1, -DQB1, or -DRB1. Patients with Sjogren’s syndrome–ATIN and IgG4-related ATIN presented a different pattern of tested HLA alleles. HLA-DQA1*0104 (p value corrected by false discovery rate method [Pc] = 4.72 × 10−22, odds ratio [OR] = 13.81), -DQB1*0503 (Pc = 1.95 × 10−14, OR = 9.51), and -DRB1*1405 (Pc = 8.06 × 10−19, OR = 12.80) were significant risk alleles for the occurrence of D-ATIN and TINU. There were no significant associations between tested HLA alleles and ATIN induced by other causes. Patients with D-ATIN/TINU carrying HLA-DQA1*0104/DQB1*0503/DRB1*1405 had higher peak serum creatinine and more severe renal tubulointerstitial inflammatory impairment. They also had significantly higher levels of tubular HLA-DR and HLA-DQ expression, which were correlated with the numbers of interstitial CD4+ T lymphocytes (r = 0.975, p < 0.001 and r = 0.832, p = 0.005, respectively) and monocytes/macrophages (r = 0.721, p = 0.004 and r = 0.615, p = 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, patients with D-ATIN or TINU have genetic susceptibility in HLA-DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 alleles. HLA-DQA1*0104/DQB1*0503/DRB1*1405 serves as a significant risk haplotype for development of D-ATIN and TINU, which might facilitate renal tubulointerstitial inflammation by enhancing Ag-presenting capacity of renal tubular cells.
Exacerbated Staphylococcus aureus Foot Infections in Obese/Diabetic Mice Are Associated with Impaired Germinal Center Reactions, Ig Class Switching, and Humoral Immunity
Authors: Farnsworth Christopher W. , Schott Eric M. , Benvie Abigail , Kates Stephen L. , Schwarz Edward M. , Gill Steven R. , Zuscik Michael J. , Mooney Robert A.
Published: June 2018

Obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at an increased risk of foot infection, with impaired immune function believed to be a critical factor in the infectious process. In this study, we test the hypothesis that humoral immune defects contribute to exacerbated foot infection in a murine model of obesity/T2D. C57BL/6J mice were rendered obese and T2D by a high-fat diet for 3 mo and were compared with controls receiving a low-fat diet. Following injection of Staphylococcus aureus into the footpad, obese/T2D mice had greater foot swelling and reduced S. aureus clearance than controls. Obese/T2D mice also had impaired humoral immune responses as indicated by lower total IgG levels and lower anti–S. aureus Ab production. Within the draining popliteal lymph nodes of obese/T2D mice, germinal center formation was reduced, and the percentage of germinal center T and B cells was decreased by 40–50%. Activation of both T and B lymphocytes was similarly suppressed in obese/T2D mice. Impaired humoral immunity in obesity/T2D was independent of active S. aureus infection, as a similarly impaired humoral immune response was demonstrated when mice were administered an S. aureus digest. Isolated splenic B cells from obese/T2D mice activated normally but had markedly suppressed expression of Aicda, with diminished IgG and IgE responses. These results demonstrate impaired humoral immune responses in obesity/T2D, including B cell–specific defects in Ab production and class-switch recombination. Together, the defects in humoral immunity may contribute to the increased risk of foot infection in obese/T2D patients.
Pastoral juxtaposition in spiritual care: Towards a caregiving faith theology in an evangelical Christian context
Authors: Counted Victor , Miller Joe R.
Published: June 2018

The problem for many troubled youths seeking help within a Christian context is that their need for meaningful connections and spiritual growth is attached to relationships with their significant others. When needs of attachment are not adequately met due to the effect of an insecure attachment working model in a relationship with God, the teen may end up leaving the faith community seeking a new caregiver or regress into spiritual struggles, depression, anxiety, self-doubt and other negative emotions. This paper responds to the issues associated with youth attachment behaviour towards God using a caregiving theology (i.e. pastoral juxtaposition) that draws on the ‘power of two’ through incarnational creativity and pneumatological ecclesiology. This proposed theology first supplements the work of the pastoral counsellor to create a transformative container through which young people, already within a redemptive Christian community, can grow spiritually and deepen their relationship with God. Secondly, pastoral juxtaposition targeting the spiritual needs of hurting youths serves to create a magnet space within the church community that models incarnational love, pastoral care and support for young people by entering their world order to reframe their personal stories of grief, abandonment and insecurity through creative means. Finally, we theologise that pastoral juxtaposition also integrates the power of the Holy Spirit, as the ultimate caregiver in times of conflict, into each youth’s unique journey of faith and healing. Implications of this pastoral theology are discussed and applied to everyday life.
Осесимметричное пространство-время чистого излучения с геодезическими, нарушающими причинность
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin
Published: June 2018

Представлено стационарное осесимметричное пространство-время, допускающее круговые замкнутые времениподобные геодезические всюду в конечной области пространства. Такое пространство-время свободно от расходимостей кривизны и локально изометрично невакуумному pp-волновому пространству-времени. Материя-энергия представляет собой чистое поле излучения и удовлетворяет условию нулевой энергии, а метрика принадлежит к классу N в классификации Петрова. Наконец,показано, что для данной метрики существуют времениподобные и нулевые геодезические.
Strong impacts on aerosol indirect effects from historical oxidant changes
Authors: Karset Inger Helene Hafsahl , Berntsen Terje Koren , Storelvmo Trude , Alterskjær Kari , Grini Alf , Olivié Dirk , Kirkevåg Alf , Seland Øyvind , Iversen Trond , Schulz Michael
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Uncertainties in effective radiative forcings through aerosol–cloud
interactions (ERFaci, also called aerosol indirect effects)
contribute strongly to the uncertainty in the total
preindustrial-to-present-day anthropogenic forcing. Some forcing estimates of
the total aerosol indirect effect are so negative that they even offset the
greenhouse gas forcing. This study highlights the role of oxidants in
modeling of preindustrial-to-present-day aerosol indirect effects. We argue
that the aerosol precursor gases should be exposed to oxidants of its era to
get a more correct representation of secondary aerosol formation. Our model
simulations show that the total aerosol indirect effect changes from
−1.32 to −1.07 W m−2 when the precursor gases in the preindustrial
simulation are exposed to preindustrial instead of present-day oxidants. This
happens because of a brightening of the clouds in the preindustrial
simulation, mainly due to large changes in the nitrate
radical (NO3). The weaker oxidative power of the preindustrial
atmosphere extends the lifetime of the precursor gases, enabling them to be
transported higher up in the atmosphere and towards more remote areas where
the susceptibility of the cloud albedo to aerosol changes is high. The
oxidation changes also shift the importance of different chemical reactions
and produce more condensate, thus increasing the size of the aerosols and
making it easier for them to activate as cloud condensation nuclei.
Comparison of the optical depth of total ozone and atmospheric aerosols in Poprad-Gánovce, Slovakia
Authors: Hrabčák Peter
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The amount of ultraviolet solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface is significantly affected by atmospheric ozone along with aerosols. The present paper is focused on a comparison of the total ozone and atmospheric aerosol optical depth in the area of Poprad-Gánovce, which is situated at the altitude of 706 m a. s. l.  in the vicinity of the highest mountain in the Carpathian mountains. The direct solar ultraviolet radiation has been measured here continuously since August 1993 using a Brewer MKIV ozone spectrophotometer. These measurements have been used to calculate the total amount of atmospheric ozone and, subsequently, its optical depth. They have also been used to determine the atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) using the Langley plot method. Results obtained by this method were verified by means of comparison with a method that is part of the Brewer operating software, as well as with measurements made by a Cimel sun photometer. Diffuse radiation, the stray-light effect and polarization corrections were applied to calculate the AOD using the Langley plot method. In this paper, two factors that substantially attenuate the flow of direct ultraviolet solar radiation to the Earth's surface are compared. The paper presents results for 23 years of measurements, namely from 1994 to 2016. Values of optical depth were determined for the wavelengths of 306.3, 310, 313.5, 316.8 and 320 nm. A statistically significant decrease in the total optical depth of the atmosphere was observed with all examined wavelengths. Its root cause is the statistically significant decline in the optical depth of aerosols.
Composition of ice particle residuals in mixed phase clouds at Jungfraujoch (Switzerland): Enrichment and depletion of particle groups relative to total aerosol
Authors: Eriksen Hammer Stine , Mertes Stephan , Schneider Johannes , Ebert Martin , Kandler Konrad , Weinbruch Stephan
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Ice particle residuals (IPRs) and the total aerosol particle population were sampled in parallel during mixed phase cloud events at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch in January/February 2017. Particles were sampled on boron substrates by use of multi MINI cascade impactors operated behind an ice selective counterflow impactor (Ice-CVI) for IPRs and a heated total inlet for the total aerosol particles. Total aerosol samples were collected with a dilution setup to match the much longer sampling time behind the Ice-CVI. About 4000 particles from ten Ice-CVI samples (from seven days of cloud events at temperatures between −10 °C and −18 °C) were analysed and classified with operator controlled scanning electron microscopy. Contamination particles (identified by their chemical composition) most likely originating from abrasion in the Ice-CVI and collection of secondary ice, were excluded from the further analysis. Approximately 3000 total aerosol particles from five days in clouds were also analysed. Enrichment and depletion of the different particle groups (within the IPR fraction relative to total aerosol reservoir) are presented as odds ratio relative to alumosilicate (particles only consisting of Al, Si and O), which was chosen as reference due to the large enrichment of this group relative to total aerosol and the relatively high number concentration of this group in both total aerosol and the IPR samples. Complex secondary particles and soot are the major particle groups in the total aerosol samples, but are not found in the IPR fraction and are hence strongly depleted. C-rich particles (most likely organic particles) showed a smaller enrichment compared to alumosilicates by a factor of ~ 20. The particle groups with similar enrichment as alumosilicate are silica, Fe-alumosilicates, Ca-rich, Ca-sulphates, sea salt and metal/metal oxide. Other-alumosilicates – consisting of variable amounts of Na, K, Ca, Si, Al, O, Ti and Fe- are somewhat more (factor ~ 2) and Pb-rich more (factor ~ 8) enriched than alumosilicates. None of the sampled IPR groups showed a temperature or size dependence in respect to ice activity, which might be due to the limited sampling temperature interval and the similar size of the particles. Footprint plots and wind roses could explain the different total aerosol composition in one sample (carbonaceous particle emission from the urban/industrial area of Po Valley), but this did not affect the IPR composition. Taken into account the relative abundance of the particle groups in total aerosol and the ice nucleation ability, we found that silica, alumosilicates and other-alumosilicates were the most important ice particle residuals at Jungfraujoch during the mixed phase cloud events in winter 2017.
Neural network cloud top pressure and height for MODIS
Authors: Håkansson Nina , Adok Claudia , Thoss Anke , Scheirer Ronald , Hörnquist Sara
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Cloud top height retrieval from
imager instruments is important for nowcasting and for satellite climate data
records. A neural network approach for cloud top height retrieval from the
imager instrument MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is
presented. The neural networks are trained using cloud top layer pressure
data from the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization)
dataset. Results are compared with two operational reference algorithms for cloud top
height: the MODIS Collection 6 Level 2 height product and the cloud top
temperature and height algorithm in the 2014 version of the NWC SAF (EUMETSAT
(European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites)
Satellite Application Facility on Support to Nowcasting and Very Short Range
Forecasting) PPS (Polar Platform System). All three techniques are evaluated
using both CALIOP and CPR (Cloud Profiling Radar for CloudSat
(CLOUD SATellite)) height. Instruments like AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) and VIIRS
(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) contain fewer channels useful for
cloud top height retrievals than MODIS, therefore several different neural
networks are investigated to test how infrared channel selection influences
retrieval performance. Also a network with only channels available for the
AVHRR1 instrument is trained and evaluated. To examine the contribution of
different variables, networks with fewer variables are trained. It is shown
that variables containing imager information for neighboring pixels are very
important. The error distributions of the involved cloud top height algorithms are found
to be non-Gaussian. Different descriptive statistic measures are presented
and it is exemplified that bias and SD (standard deviation) can be misleading
for non-Gaussian distributions. The median and mode are found to better
describe the tendency of the error distributions and IQR (interquartile
range) and MAE (mean absolute
error) are found to give the most useful information of the spread of the
errors. For all descriptive statistics presented MAE, IQR, RMSE (root mean square
error), SD, mode, median, bias and percentage of absolute errors above 0.25,
0.5, 1 and 2 km the neural network perform better than the reference
algorithms both validated with CALIOP and CPR (CloudSat). The neural networks
using the brightness temperatures at 11 and 12 µm show at least
32 % (or 623 m) lower MAE compared to the two operational
reference algorithms when validating with CALIOP height. Validation with CPR
(CloudSat) height gives at least 25 % (or 430 m) reduction
of MAE.
Climate and marine biogeochemistry during the Holocene from transient model simulations
Authors: Segschneider Joachim , Schneider Birgit , Khon Vyacheslav
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Climate and marine biogeochemistry changes over the Holocene are investigated
based on transient global climate and biogeochemistry model simulations over
the last 9500 years. The simulations are forced by accelerated and
non-accelerated orbital parameters, respectively, and atmospheric
pCO2, CH4, and N2O. The analysis focusses on key
climatic parameters of relevance to the marine biogeochemistry, and on the
physical and biogeochemical processes that drive atmosphere–ocean carbon
fluxes and changes in the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The simulated global
mean ocean temperature is characterized by a mid-Holocene cooling and a late Holocene warming, a common
feature among Holocene climate simulations which, however, contradicts a
proxy-derived mid-Holocene climate optimum. As the most significant result,
and only in the non-accelerated simulation, we find a substantial increase in
volume of the OMZ in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) continuing into the
late Holocene. The concurrent increase in apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)
and age of the water mass within the EEP OMZ can be attributed to a weakening
of the deep northward inflow into the Pacific. This results in a large-scale
mid-to-late Holocene increase in AOU in most of the Pacific and hence the
source regions of the EEP OMZ waters. The simulated expansion of the EEP OMZ
raises the question of whether the deoxygenation that has been observed over
the last 5 decades could be a – perhaps accelerated – continuation of an
orbitally driven decline in oxygen. Changes in global mean biological
production and export of detritus remain of the order of 10 %, with
generally lower values in the mid-Holocene. The simulated atmosphere–ocean
CO2 flux would result in atmospheric pCO2 changes of
similar magnitudes to those observed for the Holocene, but with different
timing. More technically, as the increase in EEP OMZ volume can only be
simulated with the non-accelerated model simulation, non-accelerated model
simulations are required for an analysis of the marine biogeochemistry in the
Holocene. Notably, the long control experiment also displays similar
magnitude variability to the transient experiment for some parameters. This
indicates that also long control runs are required when investigating
Holocene climate and marine biogeochemistry, and that some of the Holocene
variations could be attributed to internal variability of the
atmosphere–ocean system.
Effects of hypoxia and non-lethal shell damage on shell mechanical and geochemical properties of a calcifying polychaete
Authors: Leung Jonathan Y. S. , Cheung Napo K. M.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Calcification is a vital biomineralization process where calcifying organisms
construct their calcareous shells for protection. While this process is
expected to deteriorate under hypoxia, which reduces the metabolic energy
yielded by aerobic respiration, some calcifying organisms were shown to
maintain normal shell growth. The underlying mechanism remains largely
unknown, but may be related to changing shell mineralogical properties,
whereby shell growth is sustained at the expense of shell quality. Thus, we
examined whether such plastic response is exhibited to alleviate the impact
of hypoxia on calcification by assessing the shell growth and shell
properties of a calcifying polychaete in two contexts (life-threatening and
unthreatened conditions). Although hypoxia substantially reduced respiration
rate (i.e., less metabolic energy produced), shell growth was only slightly
hindered without weakening mechanical strength under unthreatened conditions.
Unexpectedly, hypoxia did not undermine defence response (i.e., enhanced shell
growth and mechanical strength) under life-threatening conditions, which may
be attributed to the changes in mineralogical properties (e.g., increased
calcite / aragonite) to reduce the energy demand for calcification. While more
soluble shells (e.g., increased Mg ∕ Ca in calcite) were produced under
hypoxia as the trade-off, our findings suggest that mineralogical plasticity
could be fundamental for calcifying organisms to maintain calcification under
metabolic stress conditions.
Impact of numerical choices on water conservation in the E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1)
Authors: Zhang Kai , Rasch Philip J. , Taylor Mark A. , Wan Hui , Leung Ruby , Ma Po-Lun , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Wolfe Jon , Lin Wuyin , Singh Balwinder , Burrows Susannah , Yoon Jin-Ho , Wang Hailong , Qian Yun , Tang Qi , Caldwell Peter , Xie Shaocheng
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The conservation
of total water is an important numerical feature for global Earth system
models. Even small conservation problems in the water budget can lead to
systematic errors in century-long simulations. This study quantifies and
reduces various sources of water conservation error in the atmosphere
component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model. Several sources of water conservation error have been identified during the
development of the version 1 (V1) model. The largest errors result from the
numerical coupling between the resolved dynamics and the parameterized
sub-grid physics. A hybrid coupling using different methods for fluid
dynamics and tracer transport provides a reduction of water conservation
error by a factor of 50 at 1∘ horizontal resolution as well as
consistent improvements at other resolutions. The second largest error source
is the use of an overly simplified relationship between the surface moisture
flux and latent heat flux at the interface between the host model and the
turbulence parameterization. This error can be prevented by applying the same
(correct) relationship throughout the entire model. Two additional types of
conservation error that result from correcting the surface moisture flux and
clipping negative water concentrations can be avoided by using
mass-conserving fixers. With all four error sources addressed, the water
conservation error in the V1 model becomes negligible and insensitive to the
horizontal resolution. The associated changes in the long-term statistics of
the main atmospheric features are small. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to show that the magnitudes of the
conservation errors in early V1 versions decrease strongly with temporal
resolution but increase with horizontal resolution. The increased vertical
resolution in V1 results in a very thin model layer at the Earth's surface,
which amplifies the conservation error associated with the surface moisture
flux correction. We note that for some of the identified error sources, the
proposed fixers are remedies rather than solutions to the problems at their
roots. Future improvements in time integration would be beneficial for V1.
Spatial variations in zooplankton community structure along the Japanese coastline in the Japan Sea: influence of the coastal current
Authors: Kodama Taketoshi , Wagawa Taku , Iguchi Naoki , Takada Yoshitake , Takahashi Takashi , Fukudome Ken-Ichi , Morimoto Haruyuki , Goto Tsuneo
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study evaluates spatial variations in zooplankton
community structure and potential controlling factors along the Japanese
coast under the influence of the coastal branch of the Tsushima Warm Current
(CBTWC). Variations in the density of morphologically identified zooplankton
in the surface layer in May were investigated for a 15-year period. The
density of zooplankton (individuals per cubic meter) varied between sampling
stations, but there was no consistent west–east trend. Instead, there were
different zooplankton community structures in the west and east, with that in
Toyama Bay particularly distinct: Corycaeus affinis and
Calanus sinicus were dominant in the west and Oithona atlantica was dominant in Toyama Bay. Distance-based redundancy analysis
(db-RDA) was used to characterize the variation in zooplankton community
structure, and four axes (RD1–4) provided significant explanation. RD2–4
only explained < 4.8 % of variation in the zooplankton community and did
not show significant spatial difference; however, RD1, which explained
89.9 % of variation, did vary spatially. Positive and negative species
scores on RD1 represent warm- and cold-water species, respectively, and their
variation was mainly explained by water column mean temperature, and it is
considered to vary spatially with the CBTWC. The CBTWC intrusion to the cold
Toyama Bay is weak and occasional due to the submarine canyon structure of
the bay. Therefore, the varying bathymetric characteristics along the
Japanese coast of the Japan Sea generate the spatial variation in zooplankton
community structure, and dominance of warm-water species can be considered an
indicator of the CBTWC.
Exploration of Antarctic Ice Sheet 100-year contribution to sea level
rise and associated model uncertainties using the ISSM framework
Authors: Schlegel Nicole-Jeanne , Seroussi Helene , Schodlok Michael P. , Larour Eric Y. , Boening Carmen , Limonadi Daniel , Watkins Michael M. , Morlighem Mathieu , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Estimating the future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is critical for improving future sea level rise (SLR) projections. Numerical ice sheet models are invaluable tools for bounding Antarctic vulnerability; yet, few continental scale projections of century-scale AIS SLR contribution exist, and those that do vary by up to an order of magnitude. This is partly because model projections of future sea level are inherently uncertain and depend largely on the model's boundary conditions and climate forcing. Here, we aim to improve the understanding of how such uncertainties affect ice sheet model simulations. With use of Monte-Carlo style uncertainty quantification techniques embedded within the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) framework, we assess how uncertainties in snow accumulation, ocean induced melting, ice viscosity, basal friction, bedrock elevation, and the presence of ice shelves, impact continental scale 100-year projections of AIS sea level contribution. Overall, we find that AIS sea level contribution is strongly affected by grounding line retreat, which is driven by the magnitude of ice shelf basal melt rates and by errors in bedrock topography. In addition, we find that over 1.2 meters of AIS global mean sea level contribution over the next century is achievable, but not likely, as it is tenable only in response to unrealistically large melt rates and instantaneous continental ice shelf collapse. Regionally, we find that under an endmember 100-year warming scenario generalized for the entire ice sheet, the Amundsen Sea Sector is the most significant source of model uncertainty (1032 mm 6σ spread). This region also has the largest potential for future sea level contribution (297 mm). In contrast, under a more plausible scenario informed regionally by literature and model sensitivity studies, the Ronne basin has a greater potential for local increases in ice shelf basal melt rates. As a result, under this more likely scenario where warm waters reach the continental shelf under the Ronne ice shelf, it is the Ronne basin, particularly the Evans and Rutford Ice Streams, that are the greatest contributors to potential SLR (161 mm) and to simulation uncertainty (420 mm 6σ spread).
Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: effects of inflow turbulence and shear
Authors: Bartl Jan , Mühle Franz , Schottler Jannik , Sætran Lars , Peinke Joachim , Adaramola Muyiwa , Hölling Michael
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The wake characteristics behind a yawed model wind turbine exposed to different customized inflow conditions are
investigated. Laser Doppler anemometry is used to measure the wake flow in two planes at x∕D = 3 and
x∕D = 6, while the turbine yaw angle is varied from γ=-30∘ to 0∘ to +30∘. The objective is to assess
the influence of grid-generated inflow turbulence and shear on the mean and turbulent flow components. The wake flow is observed to be asymmetric with respect to negative and positive yaw angles. A counter-rotating vortex
pair is detected creating a kidney-shaped velocity deficit for all inflow conditions. Exposing the rotor to non-uniform
highly turbulent shear inflow changes the mean and turbulent wake characteristics only insignificantly. At low inflow
turbulence the curled wake shape and wake center deflection are more pronounced than at high inflow turbulence. For
a yawed turbine the rotor-generated turbulence profiles peak in regions of strong mean velocity gradients, while the
levels of peak turbulence decrease at approximately the same rate as the rotor thrust.
Hate Crime Victims in Serbia: A Case Study of Context and Social Perceptions
Authors: Jokanovic Jelena
Published: June 2018

This article provides an overview of the Republic of Serbia’s legal framework that incorporates strong guarantees for protection from discrimination, national minorities’ rights, and prosecution of (ethnic) hate crimes, but also describes a social context loaded with strong prejudices. To illustrate the above, I present a case study of two similar incidents of alleged hate crimes reported in a local Serbian newspaper. In both cases, the victims were young men belonging to ethnic minorities. In 2015, within a period of two months, a Serb was attacked in the Croatian capital, Zagreb, and an Albanian-speaking man in the Serbian town, Novi Sad. The articles attracted online comments, 205 and 134 respectively, mostly from readers from Serbia. These comments elicited what are likely to be honest responses because of the relative anonymity provided to authors. By analyzing commentaries on these newspaper items, this article compares social responses to hate crime cases where victims belonged to different ethnic groups and where the incidents occurred in different geographic and social contexts.
Special Edition: Discourses of Hate - Guest Editors' Introduction
Authors: Perry Barbara , Mason Gail
Published: June 2018

Hate flourishes in an enabling environment; it is nourished by broadly circulating narratives of hostility and demonisation. This has become painfully clear in the aftermath of Donald Trump’s election as President of the United States in 2016, where the ongoing xenophobic commentary embedded in his Twitter feeds, public speeches, and even policy initiatives has generated increased hostility directed toward Others throughout the nation. This special edition of the International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy aims to provide insights and analyses into public discourses of hate as found in political speech, popular expression, and media representations, inter alia. These narratives resonate with existing public sentiment around race, religion, gender, immigration, and an array of other flash points.

To access the full text of the introducton to this special issue on discourses of hate, download the accompanying PDF file.
Jennifer Schweppe and Mark Austin Walters (eds) (2016) The Globalization of Hate: Internationalizing Hate Crime. Oxford University Press.
Authors: Poynting Scott
Published: June 2018

Book review
Sarah Armstrong, Jarrett Blaustein and Alistair Henry (eds.) (2017) Reflexivity and Criminal Justice: Intersections of Policy, Practice and Research. Palgrave: London.
Authors: Pereira Margaret
Published: June 2018

Book review
Inercias de financiación en el sector de la cooperación al desarrollo
Authors: Garcia-Rodriguez Inigo , Romero-Merino M. Elena
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo analiza la evolución de las fuentes de financiación de las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales para el Desarrollo (ONGD) españolas durante el periodo 2006-2012. Para ello, estudiamos la estructura de ingresos del sector en su conjunto y de las entidades a nivel individual, constatando la importancia de la financiación pública (la denominada Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo) sobre el conjunto de ingresos de tales organizaciones y la drástica reducción que dicho tipo de financiación experimentó entre 2010 y 2012. Profundizando en el análisis, llevamos a cabo un análisis clúster en el que estudiamos 499 observaciones anuales pertenecientes a 90 ONGD miembros de la Coordinadora de ONGD de España. Gracias a este análisis encontramos la existencia de cuatro patrones de financiación en función de la mayor o menor importancia que tengan las distintas fuentes de ingresos en las estructuras de las organizaciones (uno en el que dominan los ingresos privados, dos en lo que lo hacen los públicos, y otro en el que ingresos públicos y privados tienen similar importancia). Los resultados del análisis clúster también muestran cómo la mayor parte de las entidades (59 de las 90 ONGD de la muestra) se han mantenido impasibles ante los cambios acaecidos en su entorno, conservando una estructura de financiación dominada por fondos públicos. De esta manera, contrariamente a lo que cabría esperar, son pocas las organizaciones a las que tal disminución de financiación pública les ha llevado a buscar nuevas fuentes de ingresos. Así, pese a la variación del entorno, la inercia de la organización en su estructura de financiación dificulta o ralentiza su adaptación al cambio. Ello ha podido conducir a las organizaciones hacia una importante contracción de sus ingresos o, en algún caso de inadaptación financiera, a la desaparición de las mismas.
Las lecciones de las elecciones del 88
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 02, 1988: 103-106
Situación del financiamiento al sector reformado salvadoreño
Authors: Paz José
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 02, 1988: 149-167
Política monetaria en centroamérica: evolución reciente y perspectivas
Authors: Glower Carlos J.
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 04, 1988: 333-360
La crisis algodonera en El Salvador: tendencias y perspectivas
Authors: Goitia Alfonso
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 06, 1988: 477-525
El Estado en momentos de crisis: redefinición del papel del Estado 1948-1960
Authors: Goitia Alfonso
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 09, 1989: 277-316
¿Existe un pensamiento de nueva derecha en El Salvador?
Authors: Marín José
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 09, 1989: 317-351
Las inversiones de la realidad y el falso realismo pragmático
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 10, 1989: 355-356
Anexo estadístico
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 12, 1989: 577-587
Editorial No. 1
Authors: Garay Rodríguez Andrya Miriam
Published: June 2018

Realidad Empresarial No. 1, 2016: 1
Protocolo familiar como herramienta de gestión
Authors: Corado Sánchez Leonel Alfonso
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 1, 2016: 5-12
League: una empresa que revoluciona el management
Authors: Soler Ceferí , Flores Marta
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 1, 2016: 13-18
El financiamiento: más que un problema, una solución
Authors: Granados Paul , Quijano Diego
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 1, 2016: 21-22
Coaching y PNL para frenar el mobbing o acoso laboral
Authors: Cañas Mario
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 2, 2016: 3-4
MARUJATZ Carnivals Party accessories & experiencies: emprendiendo con motivo y desarrollando visión empresarial
Authors: Guerrero Bernardo
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 2, 2016: 23-26
El rol de la mujer en los negocios: entrevista a Lissethe Keller Licenciada en Contaduría Pública Audit Partner RSM El Salvador
Authors: Keller Lissethe
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 2, 2016: 39-41
Un nuevo paradigma: el mundo esta cambiando a "ritmo" acelerado y a "golpe" de crisis
Authors: Soler Ceferí
Published: June 2018

Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017
Liderazgo con coaching o líder coach para una nueva generación de directivos corporativos
Authors: Cañas Rodas Mario Ernesto
Published: June 2018

No abstracts available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017: 3-6
Comportamiento en el uso de redes sociales en Centroamérica y el Caribe
Authors: El Salvador S.A. de C.V. Ernst & Young
Published: June 2018

No abstracts available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017: 14-19
La producción audiovisual en El Salvador
Authors: Tovar Diego , Cárcamo Diana A. , Coto Gabriela M. , Gaitán Angie. A. , Henríquez Karla P.
Published: June 2018

No abstracts available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017: 27-33
¿Optimizas las formas de pago en tu empresa?
Authors: Granados Paul
Published: June 2018

No abstracts available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017: 39-40
Precarización laboral en El Salvador: el caso de las bordadoras a domicilio
Authors: López Meraris C.
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 4, 2017: 31-33
Funcionamiento de los fondos de inversión en El Salvador
Authors: Santa Cruz Pacheco Francisco
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 4, 2017: 39-44
Quality improvement through public reporting: The surgeon scorecard – are we there yet?
Authors: Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Sayeed Zain , Padela Muhammad T. , Feng James E. , Barach Paul , El-Othmani Mouhanad , Darwiche Hussein F. , Saleh Khaled J.
Published: June 2018

As national healthcare reform continues to place greater emphasis on providing high value care, measures designed to track clinical performance remain relatively overlooked. To that extent, several organizations have attempted to create objective grading systems to evaluate orthopaedic surgeon quality and performance. While attempting to address these issues, ProPublica’s Surgeon Scorecard has provoked national debate among patient advocates and healthcare providers. The methodology behind the Scorecard was developed at the Harvard School of Public Health with an aim to provide a more robust means of comparing surgical performance and outcomes for patients and healthcare organizations. Currently, the Scorecard assesses eight elective surgical procedures, including total knee and hip arthroplasty, through the use of the Medicare Claims Dataset. The impact of the Scorecard on orthopaedic practice has yet to be established. In this discussion, we analyze the Scorecard from the perspective of various stakeholders to identify its benefits and shortcomings, as well as offer direction for further improvement.
Globalization: In Terms of Teachers' Opinion and Metaphorical Perceptions
Authors: Çayak Semih , Eskici Menekşe
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate teachers' opinion and metaphorical perceptions about globalization. In thispaper, phenomenology one of the qualitative research type was used. 61 teachers’ metaphorical perceptions aboutglobalization were collected and interviewed with 12 teachers about globalization in education. Teachers’metaphorical perceptions about globalization were determined by a space filled question (globalization is similar to...;because ...). A semi-structured interview form has been prepared by the researchers. The opinions of the teachers canbe summarized as teachers associate globalization with technology, especially with the internet. In general teachersmentioned that the effects of globalization in education are positive. Further teachers’ metaphorical perceptionsabout globalization summarized as follows; village, market, whirlpool, family, shopping, teapot, neighborhood,technology. Withal teachers’ reasons for analogy of the metaphors about globalization are grouped as; globalizationas a unifying of differences concept, globalization as a communication and interaction enhancer concept,globalization as a damaging concept and globalization as an indefinite concept.
Un Galateo para Oriente. Introducción a los Advertimentos e avisos dos co0stumes e catangues de Japao (1581)
Authors: Marino Giuseppe
Published: June 2018

Uno de los escritos clave de la accomodatio jesuítica en la misión de Japón fueron los Advertimentos e avisos dos costumes e catangues de Japão, ideados por el Visitador de la India, Alessandro Valignano, y redactados, presumiblemente, en 1581 entre Funai, capital de Bungo, y Usuki. Tras ser traducido al italiano en 1946, el tratado se catalogó como una creación del género ceremonial y como uno de los manifiestos de la apertura jesuita al universo japonés, del gran «encuentro» entre Oriente y Occidente. Este ensayo pretende ser una visión panorámica de los Advertimentos, en la que se destacan tres puntos principales: adaptación, emulación y familiarización. A esta se suman las interpretaciones realizadas por Valignano en sus escritos descriptivos procedentes de autores occidentales desde la Antigüedad clásica. Entre las analogías registradas, se encuentran obras como el Galateo, de Giovanni della Casa, que influyó en el comportamiento social a lo largo de los siglos, impulsando la cortesía, las buenas maneras y la civilidad en las clases altas, nociones que Valignano englobó en su obra para Japón.
Precioso Izquierdo, F. Melchor Macanaz. La derrota de un “héroe”. Madrid: Cátedra. 2017.
Authors: Calderón Argelich Alfonso
Published: June 2018

Precioso Izquierdo, Francisco (2017)Melchor Macanaz. La derrota de un «héroe»Madrid: Cátedra, 439 p.ISBN 978-84-376-3640-5
França (1789-1791): Llei i ordre en els orígens del “Cisma” religiós
Authors: Castellà i Pujols Maria Betlem
Published: June 2018

La ruptura de l’Església catòlica a França no va produir-se per la voluntat de l’Assemblea nacional constituent de posar la mà sobre l’encenser o d’intervenir en la religió catòlica, apostòlica i romana. La ruptura de l’Església catòlica a partir del mes de novembre de 1790 va produir-se, tal i com s’explicarà al llarg de l’article, per la necessitat imperiosa per part de l’Assemblea nacional constituent de tenir a tots els seus funcionaris al costat del procés i no en contra. Des de l’inici del procés revolucionari els eclesiàstics eren una peça clau pel manteniment de l’ORDRE i de la tranquil·litat pública, i des del mes de febrer de 1790 s’havien convertit en els responsables de llegir en el púlpit els decrets de l’Assemblea. Els diputats necessitaven dels eclesiàstics per imposar l’ORDRE polític, econòmic i social que definien en el marc dels seus decrets. D’aquí que els eclesiàstics que foren perseguits sota la primera Assemblea no ho foren per les seves idees religioses o per la seva negativa a fer un jurament cívic, sinó pel seu refús a la llei, per la seva desobediència als decrets o per animar a la gent a estar-hi en contra.
Editorial
Authors: Fernández Terricabras Ignasi
Published: June 2018

Editorial del número 36.
Working with families in an emergency department: perceptions of working with children and their parents
Authors: Shields Linda , Smyth Wendy , Mamun Abdullah , Lucas Lisa
Published: June 2018

Rationale and aim: Family-centred care is widely used as a model of care in children’s health services. This paper is part of a series of studies using a validated questionnaire to test health professionals’ perceptions of working with children and with their parents.Method: The questionnaire has two questions and employs a scoring system of semantic differentials. Other questions examined demographic characteristics. The scores were compared and tested against demographic characteristics. Participants (n=126) were nurses, doctors and allied health professionals who worked with children in the emergency department of a tertiary referral regional hospital in northern Australia. We used Wilcoxon signed rank test and median to compare the scores and ANOVA to test mean differences of demographics.Results: Scores for working with children (3.81) were more positive than working with parents (3.29), (p<0.001). Scores were influenced by education level (p=0.05), gender (p=0.05), marital status (p=0.04), having one’s own children (p=0.02) and by length of time working with children (p=0.05).Conclusions: Health professionals working with children in a large, regional hospital’s emergency department held more postitive perceptions about working with children than working with their parents. This is consistent with other studies using the same tool in a variety of settings and countries and indicates that family-centred care is not being fully implemented.