bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redefining the Freedom of Establishment under EU Law as the Freedom to Choose the Applicable Company Law: A Discussion after the Judgment of the Court of Justice (Grand Chamber) of 25 October 2017 in Case C-106/16, Polbud
Authors: Mucha Ariel , Oplustil Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

On 25 October 2017, the Court of Justice handed down a judgment in the Polbud case (C-106/16). This is the result of three preliminary questions raised by the Polish SC. The facts in the case concern the Polish private limited liability company which wanted to transfer its registered office to Luxembourg and to change its legal form. In general, the questions refer to two pertinent issues: first, if the national law providing for mandatory company’s liquidation in case of transferring the company’s seat abroad complies with the EU law, and second, if the so-called isolated cross-border conversion is covered by the freedom of establishment. With little doubt, the first question was answered in the negative. As to the second issue, the Court holds that it is not mandatory in the light of EU law for the company wishing to transfer its registered office and convert itself into a company governed by the law of another MS to establish an economic presence in that MS. It is likely that the Court of Justice’s findings will open another Pandora’s box with many unknown results, mainly concerning minority shareholders’ and creditors’ protection as well as further (un)desired liberalisation of the internal market.
A twice twisted tale
Authors: Stasheff Jim
Published: September 2018

A decade ago, I wrote a tribute to Tornike Kadeishvili in honor of his 60th birthday [J. Stasheff,
A twisted tale of cochains and connections,
Georgian Math. J. 17 2010, 1, 203–215]. Time marches on! Now for his 70th I will update (with some repetitions) that tribute, also to the Georgian school.
Performance Evaluation of Novel Dynamic Data Replication Algorithm under Optical Burst Switching
Authors: Singh Rekh Nath , Singh Raghuraj
Published: September 2018

The database replication mechanism ensures the duplication of data from one geographical location to another. In recent past, PDDRA (pre-fetching-based dynamic data replication algorithm) is investigated heavily under various classes of request arrivals. The request arriving at a particular server for replication depends on many factors such as bandwidth supported by link, its geographical location and routing algorithms. The number of served requests depends on the processing speed and buffering capacity of a particular server. If a request cannot be served at the server, it is dropped. If a bunch of requests arrive at a server, then traffic modelled as bursty traffic. The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of dynamic replication algorithm under bursty request arrival. In a similar context, a mathematical model is detailed for the estimation of request burst length, such that both buffering capacity and transmission delay can be kept minimal. Finally, simulation results are present to evaluate the fraction of successful request under diverse conditions.
A pentadic model of semiotic analysis
Authors: Griffin Jonathan
Published: September 2018

Kenneth Burke’s dramatistic pentad can be understood as a pentadic model of semiotic analysis. Dyadic, triadic, and other relational models offer valuable benefits, but Burke’s pentad is especially useful and relevant given its focus on both action and motive/purpose. Here we will look in more detail at some of these benefits of Burke’s schema understood in this semiotic light, and then we’ll apply the model to a few examples of object analysis. If it is true that Burke’s pentad works in this way as well as we think it does, then fruitful ground exists here for other researchers as well, particularly since Burke’s pentadic model features much less in the field of semiotics proper than do more common dyadic and triadic based models.
Internet users’ neutralization of the morality of advertisement blocking
Authors: Coles Bryn Alexander
Published: September 2018

Internet revenue is currently threatened by an increase in the use of advertisement blocking software. This presents a moral problem for Internet users, as by blocking advertisements, they deprive content creators of income for their work.

Four hundred and thirty-six comments taken from three naturally occurring online discussions were analyzed from a discursive psychological perspective to explore how posters engage with online debates concerning the morality of blocking advertisements.

Posters were found to orientate to a moral dimension against blocking online advertisements. They sought to manage this moral dimension by drawing upon the neutralization techniques of denial of responsibility, denial of injury, condemnation of the condemners, and appeals to higher loyalty. Two aspects of neutralization discourse have also been shown to be used in a novel manner. Rather than denying the victim, Internet users adopt the subject position of “victim” for themselves. Rather than denying injury, they present themselves as injured by online advertising.

Posters here present blocking online advertisements as being in their own best interests. In order to change this behavior, then, advertisers must reposition themselves with consumers, to orientate to the presence of advertising online as mutually beneficial, rather than parasitic.
A Laboratory Investigation of Factors Influencing the Electrical Resistivity of Different Soil Types
Authors: Kouchaki Behdad Mofarraj , Bernhardt-Barry Michelle L. , Wood Clinton M. , Moody Tim
Published: September 2018

Field-based electrical resistivity methods offer a nondestructive and rapid means to collect continuous subsurface data. As such, these types of geophysical methods are becoming increasingly popular tools for geotechnical engineers; however, it is challenging to derive geotechnical information, such as soil type, density, and water content, from the field measurements. Laboratory-based soil-box resistivity tests, such as AASHTO T 288-12, Standard Method of Test for Determining Minimum Laboratory Soil Resistivity, are also being used to examine the electrical resistivity of soils; however, it is unclear how density and a number of other factors may affect the results. A laboratory geophysical investigation was carried out to gain a better understanding of the parameters that affect the electrical resistivity of soils and to improve estimates of soil group classifications based on resistivity measurements. Nine different benchmark soils were tested, representing most of the major soil groups according to the unified soil classification system. The effects of water mineralization, water content, degree of saturation, density, and temperature on the measured electrical resistivity of the soils were investigated. The parameters that were found to be most effective in the identification of soil type are bulk density and degree of saturation. While the general trend between saturation and resistivity is known, results indicate that resistivity values reach a lower threshold at around 60 % saturation and that density and water mineralization become less influential as the saturation increases above this threshold. Regardless of the density or saturation, temperature was found to be an important parameter and should be monitored and corrected for in laboratory tests such as AASHTO T 288-12 when results are compared to field data. The influence of particle size and obtaining representative specimens in laboratory soil box testing were also shown to be important.
The Time Course of Target Template Activation Processes during Preparation for Visual Search
Authors: Grubert Anna , Eimer Martin
Published: September 2018

Search for target objects in visual scenes is guided by mental representations of target features (attentional templates). However, it is unknown when such templates are activated during each search episode and whether this can be controlled by temporal expectations. We used electrophysiological measures to track search template activation processes in real time. In three experiments, female and male humans searched for a color-defined target object in search displays where targets were accompanied by distractors in different nontarget colors. Brief task-irrelevant color singleton probes that matched the target template were flashed rapidly (every 200 ms) throughout each block. Probes presented at times when the target template is active should capture attention, whereas probes presented at other times should not. To assess this, N2pc components were measured as markers of attentional capture, separately for probes at each successive temporal position between two search displays. Results demonstrated that search templates were active from ∼1000 ms before the arrival of the next search display, and were deactivated after each search episode, even when the preceding search display did not contain a target object. Templates were activated later when the predictable interval between search displays was increased. Results demonstrate that search templates are not continuously active but are transiently activated during the preparation for each new search episode. These activation states are regulated in a top-down fashion by temporal expectations about when an attentional template will become task-relevant.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is often assumed that observers prepare for a visual search task by activating mental representations of search target objects (attentional templates). However, the time course of such template activation processes is completely unknown. By using a new sequential probe presentation technique and electrophysiological measures of attentional processing, we demonstrate that target templates are rapidly activated and deactivated before and after each successive search display, and that these template activation states are tuned to observers' temporal expectations. These results provide novel insights into the temporal dynamics of cognitive control processes in visual attention. They show that attentional templates for visual search are preparatory states that are activated in a transient fashion before each new search episode.
Feature-Specific Awake Reactivation in Human V1 after Visual Training
Authors: Bang Ji Won , Sasaki Yuka , Watanabe Takeo , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: September 2018

Brain activity patterns exhibited during task performance have been shown to spontaneously reemerge in the following restful awake state. Such “awake reactivation” has been observed across higher-order cortex for complex images or associations. However, it is still unclear whether the reactivation extends to primary sensory areas that encode simple stimulus features. To address this question, we trained human subjects from both sexes on a particular visual feature (Gabor orientation) and tested whether this feature will be reactivated immediately after training. We found robust reactivation in human V1 that lasted for at least 8 min after training offset. This effect was not present in higher retinotopic areas, such as V2, V3, V3A, or V4v. Further analyses suggested that the amount of awake reactivation was related to the amount of performance improvement on the visual task. These results demonstrate that awake reactivation extends beyond higher-order areas and also occurs in early sensory cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow do we acquire new memories and skills? New information is known to be consolidated during offline periods of rest. Recent studies suggest that a critical process during this period of consolidation is the spontaneous reactivation of previously experienced patterns of neural activity. However, research in humans has mostly examined such reactivation processes in higher-order cortex. Here we show that awake reactivation occurs even in the primary visual cortex V1 and that this reactivation is related to the amount of behavioral learning. These results pinpoint awake reactivation as a process that likely occurs across the entire human brain and could play an integral role in memory consolidation.
Sox14 Is Required for a Specific Subset of Cerebello–Olivary Projections
Authors: Prekop Hong-Ting , Kroiss Anna , Rook Victoria , Zagoraiou Laskaro , Jessell Thomas M. , Fernandes Cathy , Delogu Alessio , Wingate Richard J.T.
Published: September 2018

We identifySox14as an exclusive marker of inhibitory projection neurons in the lateral and interposed, but not the medial, cerebellar nuclei.Sox14+neurons make up ∼80% ofGad1+neurons in these nuclei and are indistinguishable by soma size from other inhibitory neurons. AllSox14+neurons of the lateral and interposed cerebellar nuclei are generated at approximately E10/10.5 and extend long-range, predominantly contralateral projections to the inferior olive. A smallSox14+population in the adjacent vestibular nucleus “Y” sends an ipsilateral projection to the oculomotor nucleus. CerebellarSox14+and glutamatergic projection neurons assemble in non-overlapping populations at the nuclear transition zone, and their integration into a coherent nucleus depends onSox14function. Targeted ablation ofSox14+cells by conditional viral expression of diphtheria toxin leads to significantly impaired motor learning. Contrary to expectations, associative learning is unaffected by unilateralSox14+neuron elimination in the interposed and lateral nuclei.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebellar nuclei are central to cerebellar function, yet how they modulate and process cerebellar inputs and outputs is still primarily unknown. Our study gives a direct insight into how nucleo-olivary projection neurons are generated, their projections, and their function in an intact behaving mouse. These neurons play a critical conceptual role in all models of cerebellar function, and this study represents the first specific analysis of their molecular identity and function and offers a powerful model for future investigation of cerebellar function in motor control and learning.
The First Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, 1971: Reflections Approaching the 50th Anniversary of the Society's Formation
Authors: Fields R. Douglas
Published: September 2018

The formation of the Society for Neuroscience in 1969 was a scientific landmark, remarkable for the conceptual transformation it represented by uniting all fields touching on the nervous system. The scientific program of the first annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, held in Washington, DC in 1971, is summarized here. By reviewing the scientific program from the vantage point of the 50th anniversary of the Society for Neuroscience, the trajectory of research now and into the future can be tracked to its origins, and the impact that the founding of the Society has had on basic and biomedical science is evident. The broad foundation of the Society was firmly cast at this first meeting, which embraced the full spectrum of science related to the nervous system, emphasized the importance of public education, and attracted the most renowned scientists of the day who were drawn together by a common purpose and eagerness to share research and ideas. Some intriguing areas of investigation discussed at this first meeting blossomed into new branches of research that flourish today, but others dwindled and have been largely forgotten. Technological developments and advances in understanding of brain function have been profound since 1971, but the success of the first meeting demonstrates how uniting scientists across diversity fueled prosperity of the Society and propelled the vigorous advancement of science.
La evolución del concepto de consumidor en el ordenamiento interno y comunitario
Authors: Sande Mayo María Jesús
Published: September 2018

La delimitación del concepto de consumidor ha planteado históricamente dificultades, no sólo porque se trata de concepto multívoco –que también–, sino porque con frecuencia resulta difícil determinar cuándo un sujeto actúa al margen de una actividad, oficio o profesión y cuándo lo hace con fines exclusivamente privados, debiendo obtener entonces tal consideración. Tanto en el plano de la Unión Europea como a nivel interno, el concepto de consumidor ha ido flexibilizándose, y en el estudio de tal tendencia nos centraremos en estas líneas. Igualmente, nos detendremos en las diferencias que existen en el marco de la Unión Europea y en el contexto del Derecho Español en lo que a dicho concepto se refiere, pues si bien en el primero sólo obtienen tal consideración las personas físicas, en el segundo, bajo ciertas circunstancias, también podrán obtener el amparo de la normativa tuitiva de los consumidores las personas jurídicas y los entes sin personalidad.
Los datos personales de la menor víctima de violencia de género virtual en facebook
Authors: Palop Belloch Melania
Published: September 2018

Este artículo trata la problemática del tratamiento de datos personales y su protección en la víctima menor de violencia de género virtual ante la publicación nociva de sus datos por terceras personas como su ex pareja y ciberacosadores en Facebook.En este estudio se han detectado herramientas tecnológicas para paliar esta situación y proteger sus datos. Sin embargo, Facebook solo da recomendaciones y se escuda en la normativa vigente, alegando no tener un conocimiento efectivo.Entonces, es cuando la red social se dispone a: bloquear la IP del acosador, ocultar la información nociva de la menor… mediante la orden judicial. Pero, esto ocurre con posterioridad y cuando la información nociva publicada sobre ella ha sido vista y compartida por multitud de usuarios dentro y fuera de nuestras fronteras. Por eso, se solicita una acción preventiva y no la que rige en este momento.
Crónica sobre las Jornadas «Propostas de modernización do dereito en cuestións que afectan á mocidade»
Authors: Varela Castro Ignacio
Published: September 2018

El presente texto tiene por objeto comentar las jornadas «Propostas de modernización do Dereito en cuestións que afectan á mocidade» celebradas en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela los pasados días veintiocho y veintinueve de septiembre.
Le società miste di gestione di servizi pubblici locali in Italia: l'innovazione normativa e il modello europeo
Authors: Antoniazzi Sandra
Published: September 2018

L'articolo tratta dell'evoluzione intricata delle società miste di gestione dei servizi pubblici locali in Italia con profili rilevanti di comparazione con le esperienze di Francia, Regno Unito, Germania e Spagna. I frequenti interventi dell'UE con atti di soft law a partire dal 2004 circa il partenariato pubblico privato da applicare alle società miste, hanno comportato un adeguamento della legislazione interna fino all'attuale disciplina del 2016 che è basata proprio sul modello europeo; in tale schema è incluso il privato che dev'essere finanziatore ma anche socio operativo nella gestione dei servizi pubblici in collaborazione col socio pubblico (ente locale). Ciò conferma l'uniformità del modello a livello europeo.
Novas achegas ao debate gramatical na Academia Galega na década de 60 da anterior centuria
Authors: Freixeiro Mato Xosé Ramón
Published: September 2018

Após unhas consideracións previas sobre a noción tradicional de gramática e o valor simbólico da gramática normativa, no presente traballo relátase a historia interna do fracasado proxecto de a Academia Galega elaborar unha gramática oficial da entidade nos inicios do mandato de Sebastián Martínez-Risco como presidente na década de 60 do século pasado á luz da nova documentación coñecida, tanto édita como inédita; préstase especial atención ás dificultades con que se encontrou a Comisión de gramática encargada de levar a cabo o traballo e ao informe presentado por Ramón Piñeiro, que supuxo a paralización do proxecto. A seguir, faise tamén o relato interno dos procesos de elaboración das dúas gramáticas galegas publicadas nesa década, a de Ricardo Carvalho Calero e a de Leandro Carré Alvarellos, a primeira con toda a axuda solidaria do grupo de Galaxia que dominaba a Academia e a segunda co labor solitario dun autor que non contaba con apoios relevantes para as súas propostas lingüísticas na entidade. Por último, dáse conta dunha síntese gramatical que en finais da década fora encargada pola Xunta de Goberno da Academia e que ficou inédita, determínase a súa autoría e datación, descríbese o seu contido e finalmente realízase unha análise valorativa dela.
Fonologia histórica do latim ao português (sécs. I-III d.C.): vocalismo, aquisição e epistemologia
Authors: Argolo Nobre Wagner
Published: September 2018

Neste artigo, tentamos esboçar uma reanálise de como se perdeu o traço de quantidade das vogais latinas, levantando as seguintes hipóteses que a guiaram: i) a perda da quantidade vocálica teve início já durante as Guerras Púnicas; ii) tal mudança teve como uma de suas fontes irradiadoras o Norte e parte do Sudeste da Península Ibérica; iii) tal mudança foi o resultado de processos de aquisição do latim como segunda língua, por povos conquistados, e foi transmitida às gerações seguintes, completando-se. Esta última hipótese é a principal e está atrelada à visão de complementaridade entre os estudos da Sociolinguística e do Gerativismo, denominada, por Tarallo (1987), seu primeiro teorizador, de Sociolinguística Paramétrica. Para fazer esta atrelagem, procuramos estender sua teorização ao nível do objeto, de modo a que os processos sócio-históricos que envolveram a expansão do latim pudessem ser conjugados com o paradigma gerativista de aquisição da linguagem – o que inclui a assunção da existência prévia do componente biológico-cerebral, que disponibiliza uma Gramática Universal para o uso inato da criança, quando começa a adquirir uma língua. Portanto, trata-se de um trabalho situado, simultaneamente, na linguística teórica e na linguística românica.
Dados diacrónicos da estrutura durativa em português e em galego
Authors: Osório Paulo , Vázquez Diéguez Ignacio
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo primordial refletir e problematizar o funcionamento sintático e semântico das atuais construções durativas construídas, sob o ponto de vista sintático, com gerúndio vs. infinitivo gerundivo em formas ditas perifrásticas. A existência destas duas estruturas, com a mesma semântica, obriga a tentar saber por que existe essa duplicidade: socorrer-nos-emos, para o efeito, de dados diacrónicos. Sendo duas perífrases com uma semântica determinada (ideia de desenvolvimento da ação), ir-se-á procurar a estrutura latina que indicava o mesmo significado, isto é, igualmente uma perífrase, mas com constituintes diferentes. Estudar-se-á a substituição da perífrase latina pelas correspondentes portuguesas e galegas, tentando demonstrar um conjunto de mudanças que colaboram para uma explicação da criação da variante nova na superfície frásica. Por outro lado, atendendo aos constituintes referidos [v. auxiliar + (conector) + v. principal], far-se-á uma comparação entre o latim e o português e o galego (o verbo auxiliar muda do latim – esse – para o português e o galego – estar – assim como o verbo principal que detém a significação, no latim, um particípio de presente, e no português e galego o gerúndio ou o infinitivo gerundivo). Deste modo, a alteração dos constituintes exige, naturalmente, um estudo das formas latinas. Terá especial relevo o gerúndio, com funções no latim muito diferentes das que possui hoje nas línguas românicas e semelhantes ao inglês, língua com a qual se comparará (para uma melhor compreensão da sua pretérita função). Ampliar-se-á a comparação a outras línguas românicas para examinar as diferentes ou parecidas soluções. Com todos os dados coligidos, tentar-se-á justificar a existência das duas estruturas sintáticas com semântica sinonímica e, consequentemente, a cronologia dos factos: de acordo com os registos escritos (desde o século XIII até à atualidade), procurar-se-á observar qual é a mais antiga e qual aparece posteriormente, bem como a frequência de uso no português europeu (PE), no português do Brasil (PB) e no galego, de cada uma delas. Para o enquadramento teórico, utilizaremos os princípios defendidos por Mattos e Silva (1989; 2008, vols. I e II) e, metodologicamente, para a recolha dos dados, utilizaremos os corpora on-line disponibilizados por algumas equipas de investigação.
Entre cuotas y violencia de género: avances y retrocesos en la participación política de las mujeres en México
Authors: Gilas Karolina , Méndez Pacheco Alma Verónica
Published: September 2018

Las cuotas de género son una medida positiva que tienen como propósito incrementar la representación política de las mujeres. En el caso mexicano, su implementación comenzó en la década de los noventa y su evolución ha producido, en los últimos años, además de un 42.6 % de la representación femenina en el Congreso federal, un incremento considerable en la violencia política de género. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo exponer, por una parte, el impacto positivo de la judicialización de la política en México en la representación política de las mujeres y, al mismo tiempo, explicar la relación entre estas medidas y la violencia política contra las mujeres.
Multiculturalidad y pluralismo jurídico: Nuevas perspectivas para la construcción del discurso sobre los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Bonet de Viola Ana María
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo aborda la cuestión de la vigencia y adaptación de los discursos clásicos-liberales sobre los derechos humanos en el contexto de multiculturalidad de la comunidad global. MetodológicamenteSe utiliza un un enfoque genealógico, que, a partir de la crisis de la teoría clásica sobre los Derechos Humanos, fundada en la lógica de la identidad, pretende rastrear alternativas discursivas diferentes en gestación, en vistas a una re-construcción pluralista del sistema de Derechos Humanos. Este recorrido se llevará a cabo a través del abordaje de las crisis de los postulados universalistas, laicistas y liberales, que constituyen los principales ejes críticos que perfilan el debate actual en la materia. De esta manera, se propone analizar este proceso de transformación discursiva, que define la arena jurídica para el desarrollo venidero en materia de Derechos Humanos, poniendo de relieve el potencial de los discursos de la diferencia para la superación de las crisis generadas a partir de la lógica individualista de la identidad.
El interés superior del niño como principio rector de las políticas públicas en México: función justificativa y directiva
Authors: Cantoral Domínguez Karla , Del Carmen López Muñoz Zuleima
Published: September 2018

Desde la entrada en vigor de la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos del Niño, se indujoa una transformación que implica la incorporación de los derechos infantiles como principiosguías para la formación de políticas públicas, dado que los menores por sus características ocondiciones naturales, requieren de una protección especial y además el reconocimiento comotitulares de derecho, los cuales deben ser una consideración primordial, no solo con respecto ala producción normativa sino en todas las medidas que estén relacionadas directa o indirectamentecon ellos. No obstante, la presente investigación resalta la función del interés superiordel menor, como el principio heterogéneo determinante que trasciende todos los ámbitos y autoridades, superando así las acostumbradas predisposiciones asistencialistas que hacen distincióndel derecho público y el derecho privado.
La autoridad parental de tránsito hacia la humanización de los derechos de la niñez y la adolescencia, cambio de paradigma
Authors: Aráuz Henríquez María José
Published: September 2018

La patria potestad como institución familiar ha sufrido grandes transformaciones que handado origen a que se estudie el alcance de esta en las relaciones familiares, considerando enel presente estudio el alcance de esta institución desde los derechos y las funciones derivadosde la ley para ambos progenitores, con el fin de observar el cambio propuesto por los derechoshumanos de los niños y niñas, así como las funciones que derivan, pasando de una autoridadparental en sentido vertical a funciones de guía, apoyo, acompañamiento y representaciónen cuido y crianza directa de los padres en relación con sus hijos/as. El reconocimiento de losderechos humanos debe hacerse en el ejercicio diario del cuido directo de los hijos e hijas,permitiendo la participación activa que tienen estos en la familia como sujetos de derecho,tal como lo establecen los instrumentos internacionales y la doctrina integral de protección.Debemos cambiar la forma de pensar y avanzar en el pensamiento aplicado en el desarrollo de las competencias de estos en sus diferentes etapas. Los tratados internacionales y la normativainterna establecidos en el Código de Familia y en el Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia reconocenlos derechos personalísimos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes (en adelante NNA),dando origen a jurisdicciones especializadas en materia de familia, con el fin de atender losderechos de la niñez y adolescencia y garantizar los derechos personalísimos. Desde la familiay las instituciones públicas relacionadas, se recomienda elaborar protocolos o guías de buenasprácticas que ayuden a establecer criterios de interpretación de acuerdo con el principio deinterés superior y autonomía progresiva en la toma de decisiones.
Variables incidentes en la trata de personas. El caso de mujeres adolescentes en el Estado de Chihuahua
Authors: Dena Ornelas Martha Aurelia
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo expone los hallazgos de una investigación delineada para buscar causas de la presenciade la trata de personas en mujeres adolescentes del Estado de Chihuahua. La investigaciónse aborda a partir del paradigma cualitativo desarrollado y construido partiendo de la exploraciónde 28 casos a profundidad para estudiar el fenómeno de la trata con un acercamiento detipo inductivo mediante la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas, análisis documentalde expedientes jurídicos y seguimiento hemerográfico de notas de prensa. Se logran establecercon claridad cuatro variables incidentes para la victimización, y se dejan como líneas futurasde un estudio con mayor nivel de profundidad lo relativo al estatus migratorio y su incidenciacon la trata sexual en el Estado de Chihuahua.
Desarrollo de la metodología “What If” y su impacto en la gestión del conocimiento como estrategia para mejorar la calidad en la educación
Authors: Zambrano Valdivieso Oscar Javier , Almeida Salinas Orlando , Murrie Matt
Published: September 2018

En el artículo se analiza el impacto que tiene el desarrollo de la metodolo­gía ¿What If? en la gestión del conocimiento como estrategia para mejorar la calidad en la educación, en la cual se utiliza información específica de un proceso como los Diagramas de Proceso (DFP ́s), Diagramas de Tubería e Instrumenta­ción (DTI ́s) para generar una especie de preguntas de lista de verificación. La metodolo­gía fue propuesta por Matt Murrie (2016), y ha tenido un impacto positivo en el ámbito escolar, al permitir que los docentes y discentes logren cuestionarse sobre la forma o el sentido en que se realizan las actividades diarias. Se invita al docente a convertirse en un facilitador que oriente, diseñe, organice y evalúe los resultados de las estrategias de aprendizaje. Esta metodología abre nuevos canales de comunicación para diferentes sec­tores que trabajen en gestión del conocimiento.
Transmembrane Helices in “Classical” Nuclear Reproductive Steroid Receptors: A Perspective
Authors: Morrill Gene A. , Kostellow Adele B. , Gupta Raj K.
Published: September 2018

Steroid receptors of the nuclear receptor superfamily are proposed to be either: 1) located in the cytosol and moved to the cell nucleus upon activation, 2) tethered to the inside of the plasma membrane, or 3) retained in the nucleus until free steroid hormone enters and activates specific receptors. Using computational methods to analyze peptide receptor topology, we find that the “classical” nuclear receptors for progesterone (PRB/PGR), androgen (ARB/AR) and estrogen (ER1/ESR1) contain two transmembrane helices (TMH) within their ligand-binding domains (LBD). The MEMSAT-SVM algorithm indicates that ARB and ER2 (but not PRB or ER1) contain a pore-lining (channel-forming) region which may merge with other pore-lining regions to form a membrane channel. ER2 lacks a TMH, but contains a single pore-lining region. The MemBrain algorithm predicts that PRB, ARB and ER1 each contain one TMH plus a half TMH separated by 51 amino acids. ER2 contains two half helices. The TM-2 helices of ARB, ER1 and ER2 each contain 9–13 amino acid motifs reported to translocate the receptor to the plasma membrane, as well as cysteine palmitoylation sites. PoreWalker analysis of X-ray crystallographic data identifies a pore or channel within the LBDs of ARB and ER1 and predicts that 70 and 72 residues are pore-lining residues, respectively. The data suggest that (except for ER2), cytosolic receptors become anchored to the plasma membrane following synthesis. Half-helices and pore-lining regions in turn form functional ion channels and/or facilitate passive steroid uptake into the cell. In perspective, steroid-dependent insertion of “classical” receptors containing pore-lining regions into the plasma membrane may regulate permeability to ions such as Ca2+, Na+ or K+, as well as facilitate steroid translocation into the nucleus.
Neuron-astrocyte culture preparation v1
Authors: Bar El Yasmin
Published: September 2018

Primary cortical neuronal-astrocyte cell culture preparation. Dissociation, preparation and plating of mice cortex neurons and glia cells on MEA.
Musically developed personality: the approbation of Gold-MSI method
Authors: Knyazeva T.S. , Shokhman T.V.
Published: September 2018

The article provides an overview of modern foreign psychological research devoted to the study of musicality. It describes in details Gold-MSI method (Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index), developed by psychologists at the University of Goldsmith to diagnose the level of musical development. In Russia, this technique is unknown, although it is widely used in foreign studies, it is standardized and has displayed good psychometric properties. The article presents the results of the initial testing of the Russian version of the Gold-MSI technique on a sample of 107 participants. It is shown that the Russian version of the methodology has a satisfactory reliability and validity and can be used for research purposes
Innovations and performance of Italian UAQ4 superconducting magnetic levitated system
Authors: Gino D’Ovidio , Giovanni Lanzara
Published: September 2018

This article concerned with technological innovations and performance of the UAQ4 Italian maglev train project which aims mainly to reduce energy consumption by eliminating any ordinary resistance to motion (magnetic drag included), except the aerodynamic drag if it operates in atmospheric environment.
The technological feasibility of the UAQ4 suspension and propulsion devices has been patented and successfully laboratory tested.
The train architecture and the work’s principles of suspension and propulsion devices are all innovative, with concepts and technologies close to the aeronautical transport system.
High-speed container transport system
Authors: Kireev Alexander V. , Kozhemyaka Nikolay M. , Kononov Gennady N.
Published: September 2018

Background: The new scope of application for vehicles equipped with magnetic suspension is the fright container transportation. In order to realize the transit potential of the country, the increase in mean speed of the container trains is required.
Aim: The present work aims to explore the possibilities to develop the high-speed transport system equipped with magnetic suspension for container transportation along Euro-Asian land bridge.
Methods: As the research tools used methods of situational analysis, computer modeling, transport geography, technical and economic analysis.
Results: The market analysis results of the transit container transportation have shown that the major challenge for Russian transit development is the constrained traffic capacity of the existing transport corridors. The drastic solution to the problem can be the construction of a new high-speed transport system. The following factors determining the conditions for the creation of the new transport system have been identified: use of transport possibilities of the Azov-Black Sea basin; ensuring accessibility of the northern territories; development of technical solutions for the creation of a transport system with low-cost infrastructure. The combined traction levitation system has been developed based on the extremely simple design of the linear switched reluctance motor. The experimental researches of the full-functional physical model of the transport platform have been performed. The assessment of investment project efficiency has shown that despite the large start-up investment in the track infrastructure, the project has positive economic effect.
Practical importance: The computer model of the combined traction levitation system based on the linear switched reluctance motor has been designed. The concept of constructing a new transport system is proposed, taking into account the characteristics of the proposed operational region in poorly developed territories. The high-speed route has been proposed connecting the Azov-Black sea basin with the Pacific coastline and completely passing through the territories of Russia including some northern regions. The transit potential assessment has shown that due to the transit time reduction it is possible to attract the container freights with traffic volume of 1,52 million in twenty-foot equivalentunit.
Determination of chemical composition and fumigant insecticidal activities of essential oils of some medicinal plants against the adults of cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: KAYA Kamuran , SERTKAYA Erdal , TÜREMİŞ İlhan , SOYLU Soner
Published: September 2018

Chemical composition and fumigant insecticidal

activities of essential oils obtained from oregano (Origanum syriacum L.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.,), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) plants were investigated against the adults of

cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Based on GC-MS

analysis, total number of compounds determined in oregano, lavender, sage,

fennel and laurel essential oils were 25, 33, 23, 23, 42, respectively.

Carvacrol (66.66%), trans-anethol

(79.17%), 1,8-cineole (50.0%), camphor (30.46%) and linalyl acetate (35.66%)

were found as the most abundant compounds, respectively. Bioassay results

revealed that essential oils, at 30.0 or 40.0 µg ml-1 air, resulted

in 100% adult mortality of C. maculatus.

Insecticidal activity was increased in response to increased concentration of

essential oil. Among the essential oils tested, oregano showed the highest

fumigant toxicity at relatively lower concentration (30.0 µg ml-1).

Complete adult mortality (100%) caused by fennel, laurel, sage and lavender

essential oils at the concentrations of 40.0 µg ml-1 air. The LC50

and LC90 values for each essential oil were estimated by using

probit analysis. The lowest LC50 value was estimated for sage

essential oil (8.79 µg ml-1) followed by oregano (11.17 µg ml-1),

lavender (11.64 µg ml-1), laurel (13.59 µg ml-1) and

fennel (17.46 µg ml-1), respectively. The results revealed that

plant essential oils might be used in research aiming the development of new

environmental friendly control agents against stored-product pests such as

cowpea weevil.
Maraş Biberi Üretim Memnuniyetinin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: AYTOP Yeşim , AKBAY Cuma
Published: September 2018

Son

yıllarda Maraş Biberi ekim alanlarının artması üreticilerin bu ürüne

yöneldiğini göstermektedir. Üretimi ile tarım sektörü ve tarıma dayalı sanayi

sektörüne önemli katkısı bulunan Maraş Biberi’nin, üretim ve pazarlanmasında

kullanılan işgücü ile bölge ve ülkedeki tarımsal istihdama katkısı oldukça

yüksektir. Maraş Biberi üretiminin tercih edilme nedenlerinin belirlenmesi önem

arz eden konulardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Maraş Biberi üretiminin

tercih edilmesinde etkili olan faktörleri belirleyerek üretimden memnuniyet

düzeylerini tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın ana materyalini; Türkiye’deki Maraş

Biberi üretimini temsil etmesi bakımından Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş ve Kilis

illerinde 156 Maraş Biberi üreticisi ile yüz yüze yapılan anketlerden elde

edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler,

doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yol analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapısal Eşitlik

Modeli sonucuna göre, Maraş Biberi üretim memnuniyetinde; ekonomik faktörlerin,

üretim öngörüsünün ve pazarlama faktörlerinin doğrudan etkisi olduğu tespit

edilmiştir. Ekonomik faktörler gizil değişkenindeki bir birimlik artışın Maraş

Biberi üretim memnuniyetini 0.64’lük bir artışla, üretim öngörüsü gizil

değişkenindeki bir birimlik artışın Maraş Biberi üretim memnuniyetini 0.32’lik

bir artışla, pazarlama faktörleri gizil değişkenindeki bir birimlik artışın

üretim memnuniyetini 0.20’lik bir artışla etkileyeceği tespit edilmiştir. 
Evaluation of the Lifespan of Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Exposed to Dioxins
Authors: ALTUN ÇOLAK Deniz , UYSAL Handan
Published: September 2018

The polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) formed during combustion processes and as by-products of industrial processes are persistent organic pollutants. In the present study, the PCDDs of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD (1, 2.5, 5 and 10µg/mL medium) were evaluated for their possible toxicity on the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster, in vivo. The effects of different concentrations of dioxins were separately administered to female and male populations of D. melanogaster. In all application groups, both the survival rate and each population’s longevity decreased, depending on the concentration of dioxins (p<0.05). In conclusion, the toxic effect for the survival rate and longevity was observed in the following order: 2,3,7,8-TCDD> 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD> 1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD> 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD.
Tohum Kabuğu Renginin Susam Tohumlarında Bulunan Demir İçeriği Düzeyine Etkisi
Authors: KURT Cemal
Published: September 2018

Tarım ürünleri gıda

sistemlerinin temel taşını oluşturmaktadır. Son yıllara kadar tarım

politikaları, uygulamalar ve araştırmalar birim alandan elde edilen verimin

arttırılmasına yönelikti. Birim alandan elde edilecek verimin arttırılması

önemli olmakla birlikte, bazı besin maddesi eksikliklerinin azaltılabilmesi

için tarımsal ürünlerin bu besin maddeleri yönünden zenginleştirilmesi

gerekmektedir. Son yıllarda, tahıllarda mineral maddelerin konsantrasyonlarını

arttırmaya yönelik çalışmalar bulunmaktadır ancak yağlı tohumlu bitkilerde,

özellikle susamda bu tarz çalışmalar bulunmamaktadır. Islah programlarının

oluşturulabilmesi için ebeveyn olarak kullanılacak genotiplerin tanımlanması ve

gerekli analizlerin yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu noktada, diğer bitki türlerinde

olduğu gibi susamda da yerel genotipler genetik kaynak olarak büyük önem arz

etmektedir. Analizi yapılan, farklı tohum renklerine sahip 24 adet susam

örneğinde demir içeriği 27.00 ile 68.89 mg kg-1 arasında

değişmektedir. En düşük demir içeriği Diyarbakır-Bismil popülasyonu içerisinden

seçilen kahverengi tohum rengine sahip susam örneklerinden elde edilirken, en

yüksek değer Gaziantep-Islahiye popülasyonu içerisinden seçilen beyaz tohum

rengine sahip susam örneklerinden elde edilmiştir. Susam örneklerinde tohum

rengi siyah>koyu kahverengi>kahverengi şeklinde açıldığında Fe içeriğinin

de azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Demir içeriği ile tohum kabuğu rengi arasındaki

bu ilişki istatistiki olarak da önemli bulunmuş ve farklı gruplar oluşmuştur.
Football Globalization, Fans of European Leagues and the Spatiality of Viewing Centers in a Nigerian City
Authors: Onyebueke Victor Udemeue
Published: September 2018

Football is arguably the world’s most globalized sport, and is implicated in the continuing efforts of social scientists to understand current globalization processes. In cities across the world, transnational broadcast of live matches of European leagues, involving elite clubs like Manchester United, Chelsea, Barcelona and other elite teams/players, is engendering ritualized television spectating, which in turn is leading to the proliferation of ‘football bars’ or football viewing centres (FVCs). Globalization-induced telemediation of urban social life and subculture formation is specialized in these ‘virtual stadiums’, entertainment/socializing centres, and ‘windows’ to the outside world, where fan-ship behaviours are both formed and reinforced. The current article attempts to fill the yawning spatiality gap in contemporary literature on football globalization and media transnationalism by exploring FVCs as ‘spatial coordinates’ of globalization, and unpacking its geospatial, socio-demographic and land use change attributes in a typical Nigerian city. The explorative results revealed significant clustering around the central areas with orientation in the direction of the major transportation corridors.
KCSB: A Game Construction Framework for Kids Coding in Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Chun-Hsiung , Chen Yung-Hui , Lai Shin-Chi , Lin Jia-Rou
Published: September 2018

In this research, we proposed a game construction framework for designing games to teach young children programming in Taiwan. We focused on kids around 6-7 years old. For kids at such ages, solutions such as LEGO or Scratch may not be acceptable (considering that in Taiwan there is no official curriculum for teaching programming or computational thinking for kids at such ages). Although the blueprint setup a goal of information education for elementary schools, no real time slot is allocated in the current curriculum of elementary schools. The fact shows that teaching programming for young kids in Taiwan is difficult with existing tools/products. In this research, we proposed KCSB, a game construction framework which includes a set of runtime objects, a gd file parser, and a game creator. The framework is based on the Godot game engine. Designers can use the proposed framework with the Godot game engine to develop games that are suitable for teaching programming concepts for young children. At the current stage, the framework supports these progamming concepts: problem solving, algorithm evaluation, function (reusable component) definition, and loop. In the manuscript, an example demonstrating the use of the framework is also included.
Management of preterm severe preeclampsia: interventional versus expectant management
Authors: Durairaj Anitha
Published: September 2018

Background: Management of preterm severe preeclampsia is challenging. This study aims to determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes in interventional and expectant management.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at Institute of obstetrics and gynecology, Chennai over a period of three years. Patients with preterm severe preeclampsia of gestational age 28 weeks to 31 weeks and 6 days who had interventional and expectant management were recruited. Clinical details relevant to maternal, fetal and neonatal outcome were collected and the data were analyzed using IBM.SPSS statistics software 23.0 Version.Results: Termination of pregnancy in the expectant management was done mostly for maternal indications (66%). The mean prolongation of pregnancy in the expectant management was 7.67 days and it was statistically significant. Though maternal complications were slightly higher with the expectant management, but it was not statistically significant. Early neonatal death, perinatal death and mean NICU stay were lower in the expectant management with statistical significance. Mean gestational age at delivery, mean birth weight and neonatal survival rate were statistically significantly higher in the expectant management than the interventional management.Conclusions: Optimizing maternal and perinatal outcome is the key in the management of preterm severe preeclampsia. Expectant management of preterm severe preeclampsia results in a better obstetric outcome and should be done only in well selected patients in a tertiary care centre.