bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noise sensitivity analysis of focal scanning light field imaging
Authors: Peng Hongmei , Huang Sibo , Zuo Chao , Liu Xiaoli , Cai Zewei
Published: September 2024

Light field imaging can simultaneously record spatial and angular information of light signals to provide various computational imaging functions. However, traditional microlens array-based light field cameras usually suffer from a trade-off between spatial and angular resolutions. In contrast, focal scanning light field imaging (FSLFI) can digitally modulate an incident light field through an image stack captured at different focal planes and then utilize the transport-of-intensity property to computationally recover the full-resolution light field. This paper presents a unified light field reconstruction algorithm framework, which involves different types of algorithms, such as back-projection reconstruction and additive/multiplicative iterative reconstruction, for FSLFI. Based on the unified algorithm framework, we systematically analyze and investigate the FSLFI performance on noise sensitivity. Light fields are reconstructed at different noise levels to quantitatively analyze the FSLFI performances with different types of algorithms. Both simulation and actual experimental results demonstrate that the noise sensitivity and reconstruction accuracy are constrained by each other for FSLFI. Back-projection reconstruction is appropriate in high-efficiency light field reconstruction, while additive/multiplicative iterative reconstruction is suitable for high-accuracy light field imaging at high/low noise levels. These conclusions can apply to any FSLFI method covered by the unified algorithm framework, in which appropriate algorithms can be selected for high-quality light field imaging and measurement according to specific application scenarios.
Cell classification with phase-imaging meta-sensors
Authors: Hu Haochuan , Liu Jianing , Tian Lei , Konrad Janusz , Paiella Roberto
Published: September 2024

The development of photonic technologies for machine learning is a
promising avenue toward reducing the computational cost of image
classification tasks. Here we investigate a convolutional neural
network (CNN) where the first layer is replaced by an image sensor
array consisting of recently developed angle-sensitive metasurface
photodetectors. This array can visualize transparent phase objects
directly by recording multiple anisotropic edge-enhanced images,
analogous to the feature maps computed by the first convolutional
layer of a CNN. The resulting classification performance is evaluated
for a realistic task (the identification of transparent cancer cells
from seven different lines) through computational-imaging simulations
based on the measured angular characteristics of prototype devices.
Our results show that this hybrid optoelectronic network can provide
accurate classification (>90%) similar to its fully digital
baseline CNN but with an order-of-magnitude reduction in the number of
calculations.
Topological-charge-tunable and wavelength- switchable vortex laser enabled by a helically twisted high-absorption few-mode erbium-doped fiber
Authors: Wu Yan , Wen Jianxiang , Lu Yinghui , Pang Fufei , Tang Fengzai , West Geoff , Wang Tingyun
Published: September 2024

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer a solution for enhancing spatial degrees of freedom, particularly in conjunction with wavelength division multiplexing, which can significantly boost data capacity for optical communication. Addressing the increasing demand for high information-carrying capacity, we present a dynamically tunable OAM laser source in this study. We demonstrate a ring-cavity vortex fiber laser employing intra-cavity mode conversion through a helically twisted high-absorption few-mode erbium-doped fiber (HA-FM-EDF). The constructed vortex fiber laser exhibits wavelength switchability via an integrated Sagnac loop, facilitated by a homemade ring-core fiber. Furthermore, topological-charge tunability is achieved through the utilization of twisted HA-FM-EDF with varying helical pitches. To our knowledge, this marks the first successful implementation of two-dimensional multiplexing of wavelength and OAM in a vortex fiber laser. The OAM laser serves as a versatile vortex source with high tunability and flexibility, holding significant potential for deployment in ultrahigh-speed/ultrahigh-capacity communications, ultrahigh-resolution imaging, and ultrahigh-sensitivity sensing applications.
Zeitenwende und mehrfache Transformation in der Verteidigungsindustrie am Beispiel der Rheinmetall Air Defense AG
Authors: Uhl Axel , Oberholzer Markus , Honikel Marc
Published: September 2024

Die Rheinmetall Air Defence AG ist ein mittelständisches Unternehmen in der Schweiz und eine 100 % Tochter des internationalen Technologiekonzerns Rheinmetall AG.

Durch den Ukraine Krieg ist die Nachfrage für Verteidigungsgüter massiv angestiegen. Zusammen mit den Megatrends Digitalisierung und demographischer Wandel, sowie regulatorischen Vorschriften, wie z. B. Exportgesetzen von militärischen Gütern, ist ein hoher Veränderungsdruck entstanden.

Mittels dieser Fallstudie sollen exemplarisch die aktuellen Ziele, Herausforderungen, Lösungen und Risiken vieler, meist mittelständisch geprägter, Verteidigungsunternehmen aufgezeigt werden. Dabei wird dargestellt, wie das Unternehmen agiler, innovativer und digitaler werden soll und wie es den dafür erforderlichen Wandel zusammen mit den Führungskräften und Mitarbeitenden gestalten will.

Die Fallstudie erläutert u. a., wie mit den Effizienzsteigerungsprogrammen „12 Monats Challenge“ und „P A C E“ schon nach 1,5 Jahren erste Erfolge verbucht werden konnten. Darüber hinaus werden die noch anstehenden grossen Veränderungen in Forschung und Entwicklung, Produktdesign, Beschaffung, Produktion, Vertrieb und Service beschrieben. Hier kommen digitalen Lösungen wie IT-Kernsystemen, Künstlicher Intelligenz, Digital Twins, Gamification und Cyber Security grosse Bedeutung zu.

Auch organisatorische Veränderungen wie Forschungs- und Entwicklungskooperationen mit verschiedenen Marktteilnehmern werden angesprochen. Abschliessend werden die mit der Transformation verbundenen Risiken aufgezeigt.
Virus-host interactions predictor (VHIP): Machine learning approach to resolve microbial virus-host interaction networks
Authors: Bastien G. Eric , Cable Rachel N. , Batterbee Cecelia , Wing A. J. , Zaman Luis , Duhaime Melissa B.
Published: September 2024

Viruses of microbes are ubiquitous biological entities that reprogram their hosts’ metabolisms during infection in order to produce viral progeny, impacting the ecology and evolution of microbiomes with broad implications for human and environmental health. Advances in genome sequencing have led to the discovery of millions of novel viruses and an appreciation for the great diversity of viruses on Earth. Yet, with knowledge of only “who is there?” we fall short in our ability to infer the impacts of viruses on microbes at population, community, and ecosystem-scales. To do this, we need a more explicit understanding “who do they infect?” Here, we developed a novel machine learning model (ML), Virus-Host Interaction Predictor (VHIP), to predict virus-host interactions (infection/non-infection) from input virus and host genomes. This ML model was trained and tested on a high-value manually curated set of 8849 virus-host pairs and their corresponding sequence data. The resulting dataset, ‘Virus Host Range network’ (VHRnet), is core to VHIP functionality. Each data point that underlies the VHIP training and testing represents a lab-tested virus-host pair in VHRnet, from which meaningful signals of viral adaptation to host were computed from genomic sequences. VHIP departs from existing virus-host prediction models in its ability to predict multiple interactions rather than predicting a single most likely host or host clade. As a result, VHIP is able to infer the complexity of virus-host networks in natural systems. VHIP has an 87.8% accuracy rate at predicting interactions between virus-host pairs at the species level and can be applied to novel viral and host population genomes reconstructed from metagenomic datasets.
Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of Osteospermum fruticosum lines harboring wild type pRi rol genes
Authors: Desmet Siel , Van Laere Katrijn , Van Huylenbroeck Johan , Geelen Danny , De Keyser Ellen , Dhooghe Emmy
Published: September 2024

Transgenic lines engineered through wild type Rhizobium rhizogenes display an altered phenotype known as the Ri phenotype. This phenotype includes a more compact plant habit, which has proved useful to obtain more compact varieties that require less chemical growth regulation. Here, we develop a method for the molecular and cytogenetic characterization of Cape daisy (Osteospermum fruticosum Norl.) Ri lines in order to predict segregation of pRi T-DNA genes. Analysis of copy number variation (CNV) by means of digital PCR indicated large variation in the copy number of the inserted root oncogenic loci (rol) genes, ranging from 1 to more than 15 copies. In addition, up to 9 copies of the auxin biosynthesis genes (aux) were present in a single Ri line. Visualization of pRiA4 and pRi1724 rol and aux insertion in 4 Ri lines was performed through Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. The number of rol integrated loci varied from 1 to 3 loci. In contrast, the different TR-gene copies were confined to a single locus which consistently co-localized with a TL locus, this was demonstrated for the first time. Based on CNV and FISH a single Ri line, harboring 7 pRi1724 rol gene copies dispersed over 3 integration loci, was selected for breeding. Copy number segregation in R1 progeny of 2, 3, 4 and 5 pRi1724 copies was confirmed, indicating that the evaluation of the breeding value of first generation Ri lines is possible through CNV and FISH.
The role of cornulin (CRNN) in the progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma involving AKT activation in SCL-1
Authors: Li Changji , Yang Peiwen , Wang Xin , Li Hongbao , Jing Huiling , Zheng Yan , Hou Yuzhu
Published: September 2024

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer that has been on the rise in recent times, particularly among older individuals. Cornulin (CRNN) is increasingly recognized as an oncogene involved in developing various types of tumors. However, the precise contribution to cSCC remains unclear. Our study observed a significant increase in CRNN expression in cSCC samples compared to healthy skin. CRNN expression in the SCL-1 cell line derived from cSCC was reduced, leading to a halt in cell growth during the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase. This reduction inhibits cell division, promotes cell death, and decreases cell invasion and migration. CRNN overexpression has been found to enhance cell growth and prevent cells from undergoing natural cell death, and the cancer-promoting effects of CRNN are linked to AKT activation. Using a mouse xenograft model, we demonstrated that the inhibition of CRNN led to a decline in cSCC tumor growth in a living organism, providing evidence of CRNN’s involvement in cSCC occurrence and development. This study establishes a foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of CRNN in treating cSCC, enabling further investigation in this area.
External ear malformations and cardiac and renal anomalies: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghafari Arman , Alaniz Leonardo , Vu Cindy , Ibarra Alejandra , Vallurupalli Medha , Willens Sierra , Cordero Justin , J. Pfaff Miles
Published: September 2024

Context

External Ear Malformations (EEM) continue to be a common malformation seen in the pediatric patient population. This study aims to further elucidate the correlation between EEM and cardiac and renal anomalies.

Objective

A systematic review and meta-analysis to study the incidence of cardiac and renal anomalies associated with syndromic and isolated (EEM).

Data sources

The literature search spanned multiple databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and MEDLINE.

Study selection

Studies must be focused on EEM and cardiac and/or renal anomalies. Only articles written in English were included.

Data extraction

General study characteristics, number of EEM patients, number of cardiac and renal anomalies and whether cases were syndromic were extracted from the studies.

Results

Of 1,058 initial studies, 33 were included for meta-analyses. Mean JBI score for all included studies was 92.06%, indicating acceptable study quality. Interrater reliability was high, with a Cohen kappa score for all studies of 0.94. The resulting pooled prevalence of cardiac abnormalities was 20% [95% CI:13–28%], while renal abnormalities were 13% [95% CI: 7–20%]. The most common anomalies were VSD (3.725%) and renal agenesis (2.04%). The presence of syndrome data across studies was not a significant modifier of prevalence rates.

Limitations

Primary limitation is due to heterogeneity in individual study methodology and reporting standards.

Conclusions

These results highlight a higher prevalence of cardiac-related conditions than renal anomalies in patients with both syndromic and non-syndromic EEM in the included studies, underscoring the need for thorough clinical evaluations.
Cumulative human impacts on global marine fauna highlight risk to biological and functional diversity
Authors: O’Hara Casey C. , Frazier Melanie , Valle Mireia , Butt Nathalie , Kaschner Kristin , Klein Carissa , Halpern Benjamin S.
Published: September 2024

Anthropogenic stressors to marine ecosystems from climate change and human activities increase extinction risk of species, disrupt ecosystem integrity, and threaten important ecosystem services. Addressing these stressors requires understanding where and to what extent they are impacting marine biological and functional diversity. We model cumulative risk of human impact upon 21,159 marine animal species by combining information on species-level vulnerability and spatial exposure to a range of anthropogenic stressors. We apply this species-level assessment of human impacts to examine patterns of species-stressor interactions within taxonomic groups. We then spatially map impacts across the global ocean, identifying locations where climate-driven impacts overlap with fishing, shipping, and land-based stressors to help inform conservation needs and opportunities. Comparing species-level modeled impacts to those based on marine habitats that represent important marine ecosystems, we find that even relatively untouched habitats may still be home to species at elevated risk, and that many species-rich coastal regions may be at greater risk than indicated from habitat-based methods alone. Finally, we incorporate a trait-based metric of functional diversity to identify where impacts to functionally unique species might pose greater risk to community structure and ecosystem integrity. These complementary lenses of species, function, and habitat provide a richer understanding of threats to marine biodiversity to help inform efforts to meet conservation targets and ensure sustainability of nature’s contributions to people.
Impact of COVID-19 on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness prevalence: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Wood Mariah S. , Halmer Nicole , Bertolli Jeanne , Amsden Laura B. , Nugent Joshua R. , Lin Jin-Mann S. , Rothrock Gretchen , Nadle Joelle , Chai Shua J. , Cope Jennifer R. , Champsi Jamila H. , Yang James , Unger Elizabeth R. , Skarbinski Jacek ,   for STOP-ME/CFS and COVID-SELECT
Published: September 2024

Background

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can be triggered by infectious agents including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on ME/CFS prevalence is not well characterized.

Methods

In this population-based cross-sectional study, we enrolled a stratified random sample of 9,825 adult participants in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) integrated health system from July to October 2022 to assess overall ME/CFS-like illness prevalence and the proportion that were identified following COVID-19 illness. We used medical record and survey data to estimate the prevalence of ME/CFS-like illness based on self-reported symptoms congruent with the 2015 Institute of Medicine ME/CFS criteria. History of COVID-19 was based on a positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test or ICD-10 diagnosis code in the medical record, or self-report of prior COVID-19 on a survey.

Results

Of 2,745,374 adults in the eligible population, an estimated 45,892 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32,869, 58,914) or 1.67% (CI 1.20%, 2.15%) had ME/CFS-like illness. Among those with ME/CFS-like illness, an estimated 14.12% (CI 3.64%, 24.6%) developed the illness after COVID-19. Among persons who had COVID-19, those with ME/CFS-like illness after COVID-19 were more likely to be unvaccinated and to have had COVID-19 before June 1, 2021. All persons with ME/CFS-like illness had significant impairment in physical, mental, emotional, social, and occupational functioning compared to persons without ME/CFS-like illness.

Conclusions

In a large, integrated health system, 1.67% of adults had ME/CFS-like illness and 14.12% of all persons with ME/CFS-like illness developed it after COVID-19. Though COVID-19 did not substantially increase ME/CFS-like illness in the KPNC population during the study time period, ME/CFS-like illness nevertheless affects a notable portion of this population and is consistent with estimates of ME/CFS prevalence in other populations. Additional attention is needed to improve awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of ME/CFS.
Surgical modeling of Chiari-like malformation in rats: Insights from canine morphology
Authors: Jung Jae-Hwan , Cho Chang-Hyeon , Shin Sang-Yoon , Chung Eun-Ji , Seo Da-Eun , Kim Woo-Suk , Yoon Hun-Young
Published: September 2024

Background

Chiari-like malformation in dogs and Chiari malformation type 1 in humans are conditions characterized by a relatively small caudal cranial fossa, leading to cerebellar herniation. This study aimed to develop a rat model of Chiari-like malformation using surgical techniques based on morphological characteristics observed in dogs.

Methods

Endocranial magnetic resonance images of both normal dogs and dogs diagnosed with Chiari-like malformation were retrospectively analyzed. Measurements of the caudal cranial fossa volume, rostral and medial fossa volume, and volume index were taken. The differences in caudal cranial fossa volume and volume index between normal dogs and those diagnosed with Chiari-like malformation were then utilized to create a rat model of Chiari-like malformation through surgical intervention. The measurements were conducted on both the rat Chiari-like malformation models and normal rats, with each measurement taken twice and the mean values calculated.

Results

Significant differences were found between normal dogs and dogs diagnosed with Chiari-like malformation in terms of the volume of the caudal cranial fossa (27.62% reduction) and the volume index (23.36% reduction) (p<0.05). These differences were used to develop a rat model, which also showed significant reductions in both caudal cranial fossa volume (29.52%) and volume index (28.30%) compared to normal rats (p<0.05). The condition in the rat model was confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed cerebellar herniation into the foramen magnum.

Conclusions

The study successfully established a rat model of Chiari-like malformation that accurately reproduces the morphological features observed in dogs. This model potentially serves as a valuable tool for investigating the pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches for Chiari-like malformation in veterinary medicine.
The first report of complete mitogenomes of two endangered species of genus Propomacrus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Euchirinae) and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Yi Chuanhui , Shu Xu , Wang Lingmin , Yin Jing , Wang Youhui , Wang Yuchen , Zhang Honghui , He Qiuju , Zhao Min
Published: September 2024

To understand the mitochondrial genome structure of two endangered and long-armed scarab beetles, Propomacrus davidi and Propomacrus bimucronatus, their complete mitogenomes were sequenced for the first time in this study. The complete mitogenomes of P. davidi and P. bimucronatus were 18, 042 bp and 18, 104 bp in length, respectively. The gene orders of their mitogenomes were highly consistent with other Coleopteran species, and the typical ATN was used as the start codon in most protein coding genes. The incomplete stop codon T was used in cox1, cox2, and nad5, and TAN was used as a complete stop codon in most protein coding genes. All predicted tRNAs could form a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except that trnS1 lacked the dihydrouridine arm. Based on the maximum likelihood and the Bayesian inference methods, phylogenetic trees of 50 species were reconstructed. The results showed that P. davidi, P. bimucronatus, Cheirotonus jansoni and Cheirotonus gestroi clustered in the same branch, and were the most closely related. The results supported that subfamily Euchirinae is a monophyletic group of Scarabaeidae, which was consistent with the morphological classification. These molecular data enriched the complete mitogenome database of Euchirinae, and improved our understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary characteristics of these two endangered species.
Vector competence of Aedes albopictus field populations from Reunion Island exposed to local epidemic dengue viruses
Authors: Hafsia Sarah , Barbar Tatiana , Alout Haoues , Baudino Fiona , Lebon Cyrille , Gomard Yann , Wilkinson David A. , Fourié Toscane , Mavingui Patrick , Atyame Célestine
Published: September 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent mosquito-borne Flavivirus that affects humans worldwide. Aedes albopictus, which is naturally infected with the bacteria Wolbachia, is considered to be a secondary vector of DENV. However, it was responsible for a recent DENV outbreak of unprecedented magnitude in Reunion Island, a French island in the South West Indian Ocean. Moreover, the distribution of the cases during this epidemic showed a spatially heterogeneous pattern across the island, leading to questions about the differential vector competence of mosquito populations from different geographic areas. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the vector competence of the Ae. albopictus populations from Reunion Island for local DENV epidemic strains, while considering their infection by Wolbachia. Experimental infections were conducted using ten populations of Ae. albopictus sampled across Reunion Island and exposed to three DENV strains: one strain of DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) and two strains of DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). We analyzed three vector competence parameters including infection rate, dissemination efficiency and transmission efficiency, at different days post-exposition (dpe). We also assessed whether there was a correlation between the density of Wolbachia and viral load/vector competence parameters. Our results show that the Ae. albopictus populations tested were not able to transmit the two DENV-2 strains, while transmission efficiencies up to 40.79% were observed for the DENV-1 strain, probably due to difference in viral titres. Statistical analyses showed that the parameters mosquito population, generation, dpe and area of sampling significantly affect the transmission efficiencies of DENV-1. Although the density of Wolbachia varied according to mosquito population, no significant correlation was found between Wolbachia density and either viral load or vector competence parameters for DENV-1. Our results highlight the importance of using natural mosquito populations for a better understanding of transmission patterns of dengue.
Mechanism of enterovirus VP0 maturation cleavage based on the structure of a stabilised assembly intermediate
Authors: Kingston Natalie J. , Snowden Joseph S. , Grehan Keith , Hall Philippa K. , Hietanen Eero V. , Passchier Tim C. , Polyak Stephen J. , Filman David J. , Hogle James M. , Rowlands David J. , Stonehouse Nicola J.
Published: September 2024

Molecular details of genome packaging are little understood for the majority of viruses. In enteroviruses (EVs), cleavage of the structural protein VP0 into VP4 and VP2 is initiated by the incorporation of RNA into the assembling virion and is essential for infectivity. We have applied a combination of bioinformatic, molecular and structural approaches to generate the first high-resolution structure of an intermediate in the assembly pathway, termed a provirion, which contains RNA and intact VP0. We have demonstrated an essential role of VP0 E096 in VP0 cleavage independent of RNA encapsidation and generated a new model of capsid maturation, supported by bioinformatic analysis. This provides a molecular basis for RNA-dependence, where RNA induces conformational changes required for VP0 maturation, but that RNA packaging itself is not sufficient to induce maturation. These data have implications for understanding production of infectious virions and potential relevance for future vaccine and antiviral drug design.
HIV-1 diversity in viral reservoirs obtained from circulating T-cell subsets during early ART and beyond
Authors: Zhang Yuepeng , Otte Fabian , Stoeckle Marcel , Thielen Alexander , Däumer Martin , Kaiser Rolf , Kusejko Katharina , Metzner Karin J. , Klimkait Thomas ,   and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: September 2024

Even during extended periods of effective immunological control, a substantial dynamic of the viral genome can be observed in different cellular compartments in HIV-1 positive individuals, indicating the persistence of active viral reservoirs. To obtain further insights, we studied changes in the proviral as well as in the viral HIV-1 envelope (Env) sequence along with transcriptional, translational and viral outgrowth activity as indicators for viral dynamics and genomic intactness. Our study identified distinct reservoir patterns that either represented highly sequence-diverse HIV-1 populations or only a single / few persisting virus variants. The single dominating variants were more often found in individuals starting ART during early infection phases, indicating that early treatment might limit reservoir diversification. At the same time, more sequence-diverse HIV reservoirs correlated with a poorer immune status, indicated by lower CD4 count, a higher number of regimen changes and more co-morbidities.

Furthermore, we noted that in T-cell populations in the peripheral blood, replication-competent HIV-1 is predominantly present in Lymph node homing TN (naïve) and TCM (central memory) T cells. Provirus genomes archived in TTM (transitional memory) and TEM (effector memory) T cells more frequently tended to carry inactivating mutations and, population-wise, possess changes in the genetic diversity.

These discriminating properties of the viral reservoir in T-cell subsets may have important implications for new early therapy strategies, underscoring the critical role of early therapy in preserving robust immune surveillance and constraining the viral reservoir.
A vállalkozók szerepe és a profit forrása: viták a 19. század fordulójának amerikai közgazdaságtanában = The Role of Entrepreneurs and the Source of Profit: Debates in the American Economics of the Progressive Era
Authors: Csontos Tamás Tibor
Published: September 2024

A 19. század fordulójának amerikai közgazdaságtana intenzíven kereste az arany középutat a szabályozatlan kapitalizmus és a totalitárius megoldások között. A jelenlegi közgazdaságtan sokat tanulhat a korabeli vitákból, hiszen a neoliberális megközelítés meggyengülésével hasonló kérdésekkel szembesül. A tanulmány célja bemutatni a 19. század végén az amerikai közgazdaságtanban folytatott vitákat a profit forrásáról és a vállalkozók szerepéről, új perspektívákat nyújtva a neoliberalizmus utáni vállalkozói elmélethez. A tanulmány elemzi Francis A. Walker, Richard T. Ely, Frederick B. Hawley és John Bates Clark politikai gazdaságtani műveit a profit forrásáról és a vállalkozók szerepéről. A tanulmány rávilágít, hogy ezek a művek, bár kevéssé ismertek, megalapozták a vállalkozás elméletének forradalmát, amelyet ma Joseph A. Schumpeter nevéhez kötünk. A tanulmány bemutatja, hogy ezek az elemzések hogyan utasították el a profitot minden formájában jogosnak tekintő laissez-faire közgazdaságtant, miközben a marxista kizsákmányolás elméletet is elvetették. A vizsgált munkákból egy olyan vállalkozói elmélet körvonalazódik, amelynek központi eleme a „lehetővé tevés”, ahol a profit forrása is jelentős szerepet kap, és ahol az állam aktív versenyszabályozása hozzájárulhat a vállalkozások vezetési és szervezési minőségének javításához.
Liberal or Conservative? Analysing the Legacy of Abe's Women's Advancement Policy
Authors: Iida Aki
Published: September 2024

Prime Minister Abe’s bold policy proposals focused on women attracted significant attention and various responses. However, going back to the fundamentals, LDP is a conservative political party, and Abe himself identifies as a conservative. During the backlash era, he attacked gender equality and emphasised traditional family values and patriotism. This paper reexamines the implications of the women's policies implemented under his leadership from a gender perspective. It sheds light on the deeply entrenched and complex gender inequality regimes that prevail in Japanese society. It becomes evident that Abe's administration carefully avoided any explicit reference to gender equality, skilfully incorporating recommendations such as promoting three-generation households, while consistently depicting women as operating under the guidance of men, signifying that the government's underlying “traditional” values had not changed. Women's Advancement policy, in essence, implies the deep entrenchment of a Japanese-style patriarchal, vertical society made up of political parties, administration, corporations, and society at large, where women are granted opportunities to succeed through assimilation into a gendered world involving subordination to men.
Breast cancer with long-term hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Singh Maneesh
Published: September 2024

What makes this case noteworthy is the fact that this patient presented with breast cancer after receiving long-term hormone replacement therapy. She was placed on this therapy after a total abdominal hysterectomy for endometriosis. This was done at a time when there was no research on the effects of long-term hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer.
PERKEMBANGAN PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Triantini Zusiana Elly
Published: September 2024

Perkembangan pengelolaan dan pendayagunaan zakat di Indonesia, keberadaannya di antara kepastian yang tak berujung. Meski pemerintah memiliki keinginan yang cukup kuat untuk melakukan formalisasi zakat di Indonesia, namun formalisasi tersebut terus berkembang dan mengalami perbaikan dari waktu-ke waktu. Di satu sisi, ini dapat dikatakan sebagai wujud kepedulian negara terhadap semangat zakat dalam Islam. Namun di sisi lain, regulasi yang dikeluarkan pemerintah tentang zakat menjadikan hilangnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap lembaga yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah. Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang perkembangan zakat di Indonesia, terutama rentetan sejarah politik pengelolaan dan pendayagunaan zakat di Indonesia dari masa ke masa.
BUDAYA “KAWIN KYAI”	Studi Terhadap Praktek Nikah Sirri Di Desa Sinarrancang, Kecamatan Mundu, Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Farabi Al
Published: September 2024

Regulation about the registration of marriage has been around a long time. Active role of the state in aspect of registration of marriage started early independence. That role was confirmed by the Act. No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and regulations for its implementation which requires every registration of marriage for the sake of order and legal certainty. However, in the village of Cirebon Sinarrancang Mundu are 59, 35 % of the 246 families who do not heed the regulation that marry with only religious well-known as "kawin kyai". "Kawin kyai" is caused by internal factors (lack of understanding about the registration of marriage , religious ideology, indifference, and complex procedures) and external factors (role of Kyai [lebe' and the prince of the non- official] lack of socialization, the difficulty to accessing official registrar, negligence of village officials, the cost of marriage registration, the views of society, and culture "kawin kyai" in society. Meanwhile, the process of legal institutionalization find constraints on each component of the legal system, especially from the aspect of means and pre-means and authorized apparatus.Regulasi tentang pencatatan perkawinan telah ada sejak lama. Peran aktif negara dalam aspek pencatatan perkawinan dimulai sejak awal kemerdekaan. Peran tersebut dipertegas melalui UU. No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan peraturan pelaksanaanya yang mengharuskan pencatatan bagi setiap perkawinan demi ketertiban dan kepastian hukum. Namun, di Desa Sinarrancang Mundu Cirebon terdapat 59, 35%  dari 246 keluarga yang tidak mengindahkan regulasi tersebut dengan menikah secara agama saja yang populer di kalangan mereka dengan “kawin kyai”. “Kawin kyai” dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor internal (rendahnya pemahaman tentang pencatatan perkawinan, paham keagamaan, sikap tidak acuh, dan prosedur yang rumit) dan faktor eksternal (peran Kyai [lebe’ dan penghulu non-resmi] minimnya sosialisasi, sulitnya mengakses pejabat pencatat, kelalaian aparat Desa, biaya pencatatan, pandangan masyarakat, dan budaya “kawin kyai” di tengah masyarakat. Sementara itu, proses pelembagaan hukum menemukan kendala pada setiap komponen dari sistem hukum, terutama dari aspek sarana dan pra sarana dan aparatur yang berwenang.]
KRITIK TEORI HUKUM FEMINIS TERHADAP UU NO. 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN: Suatu Upaya dalam Menegakkan Keadilan HAM Kaum Perempuan
Authors: Asnawi Habib Shulton
Published: September 2024

In Indonesia, women still suffer discrimination and injustice. This is supported by the persistence of gender-biased laws not giving the protection of the rights of women, such as Law No. 1 of 1974 about Marriage. Women's issues that was settled in the line of traditional Islamic law (classical) tending to be conservative and literal in understanding religious messages and doctrines, such as the patriarchal culture which puts women as beings lower position than men. Patriarchal culture which is done with legism legalized legislation in its application to the gender bias that is highly detrimental for women. The marginalization of women then occurs and is caused by the differences and gender inequalities that cause woman discomfort and not free. Therefore, all forms of injustice is a violation to Human Rights (HAM), a crime against human dignity and a form of discrimination that must be abolished.[Di Indonesia, perempuan masih mengalami diskriminasi dan ketidakadilan. Hal ini didukung oleh masih adanya undang-undang bias gender yang belum memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak perempuan, seperti UU No.1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Isu-isu perempuan yang dimapankan di dalam UU tersebut sejalan Islam tradisional (klasik) yang cenderung konservatif dan literal dalam memahami pesan-pesan keagamaan dan doktrin-doktrin yang ada, seperti budaya patriarkhis, yang menempatkan perempuan sebagai makhluk yang lebih rendah kedudukannya dari pada laki-laki. Budaya patriarkhis yang dilakukan dengan kecenderungan legisme itu telah melegalisir peraturan perundang-undangan bias gender ke dalam penerapannya yang sangat merugikan perempuan. Marginalisasi perempuan kemudian terjadi dan disebabkan oleh perbedaan  dan ketidakadilan gender yang menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan serta terbelenggunya kebebasan perempuan. Karena itu, segala bentuk ketidakadilan merupakan pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), kajahatan terhadap martabat kemanusiaan dan bentuk diskriminasi yang wajib dihapuskan.]
REINTERPRETASI PRINSIP KAFĀ’AH SEBAGAI NILAI DASAR DALAM POLA RELASI SUAMI ISTRI
Authors: Jahroh Siti
Published: September 2024

Symptoms of domestic violence that occurs in marriage is due to the absence of equality or what is often called kafa>’ah in the fiqh al-muna>kah}ah between the prospective husband and wife. In this case the position of husband to wife is not equal, either in economic, social, education, culture, race/ethnicity, ancestry or religious level. Husband’s position which is not equivalent (as kufu>’) with his wife or vice versa, often triggers dispute between the two. Ongoing dispute, then followed by hurting words, beatings or physical abuse, irresponsible behavior, don’t meet the economic or biological needs, marry again, and even can also lead to a sadistic action or killing. In this perspective the author considers that if the value embodied in the kafa>‘ah concept is understood correctly and properly, it’ll actually give a positive chance to prevent domestic violence crime especially in the context of the relationship between husband and wife.[Gejala Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) yang terjadi dalam perkawinan, salah satunya disebabkan tidak adanya kesetaraan atau yang sering disebut dalam fiqh al-munâkahah dengan istilah kafa>’ah antara calon suami dengan calon istri. Dalam hal ini posisi suami dengan istri yang tidak setara, baik setara secara ekonomi, sosial, pendidikan, kultur, ras/suku, keturunan maupun tingkat keberagamaan. Posisi suami yang tidak setara (se-kufu’) dengan istrinya ataupun sebaliknya, sering kali memicu perselisihan di antara keduanya. Perselisihan yang terus-menerus, kemudian diiringi dengan kata-kata yang menyakitkan, tindak pemukulan atau penganiayaan fisik, perilaku yang tidak bertanggung jawab, tidak memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomis atau biologis, kawin lagi, bahkan dapat pula menjurus pada tindakan sadisme dengan menyengsarakan atau menghilangkan nyawa. Dalam perspektif inilah penulis memandang bahwa nilai yang terkandung dalam konsep kafa>’ah jika dipahami dengan tepat dan benar sebenarnya berpeluang positif untuk menangkal tindak kejahatan KDRT terlebih dalam konteks relasi antara suami dan istri.]
HUKUM PERNIKAHAN SYARIFAH DENGAN LAKI-LAKI NONSAYYID: Perspektif Jam‘iyyah Rabithah Alawiyyah Yogyakarta
Authors: Fattah Nurul
Published: September 2024

According to islamic law the marriage considered have been permitted if have fulled the requirement. But, thereare other rules which must full. According to book of clasic fiqih, kafâ’ah concept is match from men to female inmany kinds of things which have discussed by the majority of Ulama including religion, descendant, job andfreedom. The status of kafa’ah is a matter to be considered and recommended for a person before entering the levelof marriage the status kafâ’ah will change to be terms marriage when. There is no bessing from the guardian fromthis concept that gave birth to the the legal prohibition of marriage between Syareefah with non-sayyid. Theprohibition can be seen from main factor. There is Syareefah considered that is not on level and damage or break thedecendants of the Prophet Muhammad to marry a men who is not on level. In general, the majority of Habâibamong Jam’iyyah Rabithah Alawiyyah Yogyakarta banned and no blessing if there feemale children to marry nonsayyidmen.[Pernikahan menurut hukum Islam dianggap sah jika telah memenuhi syarat dan rukun pernikahan.Tetapi terdapat pula aturan lain yang harus dipenuhi menurut literatur kitab-kitab fiqih klasik yaknikonsep kafâ’ah yaitu kesepadanan dari pihak laki-laki kepada pihak wanita dalam berbagai hal yangtelah disepakati oleh mayoritas Ulama’, diantaranya adalah: agama, nasab, pekerjaan dan merdeka.Status kafâ’ah dalam pernikahan merupakan suatu hal yang dipertimbangkan dan anjuran bagiseseorang sebelum memasuki jenjang pernikahan, status kafa’ah akan berubah menjadi syaratpernikahan ketika tidak ada ridho dari wali. Dari konsep inilah kemudian melahirkan adanya hukumpelarangan pernikahan antara Syarifah dengan laki-laki non-sayyid, pelarangan tersebut dapat ditinjaudari dua faktor, yaitu: pertama, seorang Syarifah dianggap tidak sekufu’ dan merusak atau memutusnasab keturunan Rasulullah jika menikah dengan laki-laki non-sayyid dan kedua, tidak adanya ridhodari wali ketika anak wanitanya menikah dengan laki-laki yang tidak sekufu’. Pada umumnyamayoritas Habâib dikalangan Jam’iyyah Rabithah Alawiyyah Yogyakarta melarang dan tidak ridhojika anak wanita mereka menikah dengan laki-laki non-sayyid.]
VIRTUAL IMAGE OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KYSHTYM ACCIDENT, 1957)
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Sibiryakov I. V. , Sosnovskikh E. G. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The article represents first results of the implementation of a scientific project dedicated to the problems of forming virtual images of some environmental processes taking place in the modern world. On the example of the Kyshtym accident in 1957 yr. authors analyze the main elements of the virtual image of one of the largest environmental disasters of the 20th century, show the dynamic and individualized nature of this image, note the high degree of its emotional perception by the youth (primarily student) audience. Also the article contains materials of a small sociological research of students of the South Ural State University in the spring of 2023, which studied the processes of forming the cultural memory of young people about the Kyshtym accident in 1957. The main conclusion of the research is that the most important component of the virtual image of the ecological catastrophe still is a visual range, however, as new information technologies develop, it may have «strong» competitors. From the point of view of the youth audience, today the strongest emotional impact on the consumer of the relevant content is provided by video materials, which include not only verbal information, but also musical accompaniment. To the number of elements of the image that create the most disturbing sensations from working with content dedicated to the Kyshtym accident in 1957 include: the radiation hazard sign, the Techa River, elements of a chemical protection suit, the word Chernobyl, a symbolic image of the explosion.
ARTS IN THE CHINESE REVOLUTION: THE INTERMEDIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN CINEMA AND BALLET IN THE «RED DETACHMENT OF WOMEN»
Authors:   University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Craveiro T.
Published: September 2024

The article aims to analyze the intermediary relationship between cinema and dance in the feature film The Red Detachment of Women (1961, Xie Jin) and in the filmed ballet of the same title (1971, Pan Wenzhan and Fu Jie). The films belong, respectively, to the so-called Period of 17 Years (1949–1966) and to the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), years that comprise the government of Mao Zedong. The analysis takes into account the peculiar development of Chinese cinema since its beginnings, and its aesthetic originality based on the different types of arts in the country. During the Maoist period, initially under Soviet influence, China’s film industry turned to socialist themes with the intention of internationalizing national arts that sought to make the revolution worldwide. Through the slogan gu wei jin yong yang wei zhong yong (古为今用，洋为中用), which means using the ancient for the present, and foreign things for China, the cultural guidelines of the Communist Party relied on the popular appeal of diverse Chinese and foreign arts to build the heroic narratives of a people forged under socialism. They were easily absorbed not only by the local population, but also by people from other countries. The films in question are examples of the aforementioned motto and combine western aesthetic resources, such as classical ballet, with eastern elements such as Chinese operatic theater, resulting in an original aesthetic for cinema
POETICS OF V. V. NABOKOV’S EARLY SMALL PROSE: FROM STORIES NOT PUBLISHED DURING THE WRITER’S LIFE
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Potapova Z. S.
Published: September 2024

The article deals with the early works of V. Nabokov – short prose that was not published during the life of the writer. «They speak Russian», «Sounds» and «Gods», written in the 1920s, only became available to Russian readers in the 21st century. The publication of The Stories of Vladimir Nabokov not only demonstrated public interest in the author’s works, but also raised an urgent question for literary critics studying Nabokov’s legacy: what is the role and place of these unknown stories in the general context of the writer’s and scientific discourse. The purpose of this work is to analyze the poetics of Vladimir Nabokov’s «They speak Russian», «Sounds», «Gods» and compare them with his other texts. Comparing these stories allowed us to consider the them in their relationship to one another and with such iconic works as «Other Shores», «Mashenka», «The Gift», «Assistant Director», «Christmas», and his plays. As a result, the tendencies common across Nabokov’s works were identified, which were already outlined in the era of the first serious appeals to prose and developed and conceptualized in the mature period: the motif of nostalgia, the image of Russia as a lost paradise, the split of the world into emigrant and Soviet, and the lyricism and impressionism of prose.
Evaluation of the RF depositions at 3T in routine clinical scans with respect to the SAR safety to improve efficiency of MRI utilization
Authors: Li Ruixin , Chen Xinlian , Liao Yupeng , Xin Sherman Xuegang
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study explores the potential for improving of 3T MRI utilization by assessing and tailoring RF exposure in routine clinical scans while complying to standard safety limit.

Methods

Using two generic human body models, we evaluated pbSAR10g values at four landmark positions (knee, pelvis, thoracic spine, head) at different wbSAR levels. Specifically, we analyzed local SAR10g in different operating modes and computed the maximum safety wbSAR, ensuring compliance with IEC limits.

Results

In normal operating mode, the RF power deposition reached wbSAR limit before the pbSAR10g limit. In the first level controlled operating mode, pbSAR10g limit is reached before the wbSAR limit in the knee, thoracic spine scanning scenarios, while the wbSAR limit is reached first in the pelvis scanning scenarios, making it the most potential-releasing (up to 33.33 %) scanning scenario. For head exposure, the head SAR10g limit is reached before the wbSAR limit, highlighting the necessity for strict SAR control. Moreover, we calculated the minimum allowable TR for common imaging sequences for reference.

Conclusions

Different RF exposure setups are necessary to meet safety standards in various scenarios. By implementing careful RF exposure setups in routine clinical scans, the high potential capacity of 3T MRI can be fully released.