bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skills Training for Family Medicine Residents to Attenuate the Impact of Childhood Trauma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Scott Becky Bell , Kelley Lance , Schilling Samantha
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Toxic stress and trauma are prevalent in the pediatric population. The sequela can be significant, leading to disruptive behaviors in early childhood to chronic medical conditions in adulthood. Two factors that can mitigate negative outcomes of developmental traumatic stress include relational health care and healthy parental relationships. Family physicians are poised to play a significant role in both attenuating factors. Therefore, focused pediatric trauma-informed knowledge and skills training for family medicine residents is important.
Methods: One family medicine residency program added a training module for residents, with two objectives: increase in-exam room trauma-informed interaction skills, and increase knowledge and skills for physicians to coach parents on strengthening the parent-child relationship. The training included didactics and skills training. Knowledge and skills were measured pre- and posttraining.
Results: A total of 39 residents participated in the study over 3 years. The knowledge score increased by 4.49 points from pre- to posttraining. The number of trauma-informed interactional skills the residents demonstrated at posttraining had increased significantly. During the pilot, all participants moved from below mastery of skills to full mastery.
Conclusions: After being instructed in best practices in trauma-informed pediatric interactions, residents demonstrated an increased number of behaviors that cultivate pediatric relational health care. Residents demonstrated knowledge and skills gains that denoted their ability to interact with patients and coach parents in evidence-based ways that can mitigate the impact of childhood trauma exposure.
Improve Text Writing Skills Student Poetry using Image Media
Authors: Solahudin  , Sobari Teti
Published: January 2024

This research focuses on the influence of image media on the ability to write poetry texts. In this research, qualitative descriptive research was used. The aim of this research is to find out whether the image media used can help and make it easier for students to improve their poetry text writing skills and see the differences in students' abilities before and after using image media in learning Indonesian. The research target was 20 class VIII students at SMPN 1 Naringgul for the 2021/2022 academic year. This research was carried out using qualitative descriptive research methods. Researchers collected data using test instruments, interviews and observations. In practice, before and after the learning treatment, students are given a pretest and posttest. The results of the research carried out obtained a score for writing poetry texts with an average pretest of 55.4 and posttest of 81.7. The SPSS analysis results show a significance of 0.000<0.05 so that there is a difference between learning outcomes before and after treatment. The research results obtained show that the application of image media in learning to write poetry texts can increase in class VIII junior high school students.
Do publicly traded companies engage in opinion shopping after receiving a going concern audit opinion? Evidence from U.S. firms in the post-SOX era
Authors: Desai Vikram , Kidwell Linda A. , Davidyan Julia Y. , Desai Renu
Published: January 2024

Audit opinion shopping continues to be of significant interest to regulators and is also of interest to investors and the public. This study examines whether in the post-SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) era, publicly traded companies in the U.S. engage in the act of shopping for audit opinions after receiving a going concern opinion (GCO). We further examine whether auditor firm size (Big 4 versus non-Big 4) affects such activities. Using data from Compustat and Audit Analytics we identify financially distressed publicly-held U.S. firms between 2004 and 2015. Adopting the framework developed by Lennox (2000), we examine the difference in the probabilities between auditor switching and no-switching scenarios. We find evidence that public companies in the U.S. who receive GCOs are successful in shopping for clean audit opinions in a subsequent period. We also find that audit opinion shopping activities are more common among public companies who switch to non-Big 4 auditors as opposed to those who switch to Big 4 auditors. Our paper fills the gap in the literature by examining whether, in the post-SOX era, publicly-held firms in the U.S. engage in the act of shopping for audit opinions, after receiving a GCO.
The Role of Trust and Engagement in Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Chemical Manufacturing Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Nuryanto Uli Wildan , Pratiwi Ika
Published: January 2024

Although research on the relationship between trust and engagement with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been extensively explored, the connection between these variables in the context of the chemical industry remains underexplored. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of trust on OCB, the impact of engagement on OCB, and the combined effects of trust and engagement on OCB in the Chemical Manufacturing Sector in Indonesia. This research employs a quantitative associative approach. The sample comprises 249 employees from manufacturing companies in the city of Cilegon, Indonesia, selected through proportional stratified random sampling techniques. The data analysis technique employed is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 26. The findings of this study reveal that trust has a significant positive influence on OCB, engagement has a significant positive impact on OCB, and both trust and engagement collectively exert a significant positive influence on OCB in the Chemical Manufacturing Sector in Indonesia. The results of this research contribute to providing insights for chemical manufacturing companies in Indonesia to enhance the quality of their employees in achieving OCB principles.
Towards debris flows simulation using SPH : Internal behaviour of viscous flows and mixtures
Authors: LAPILLONNE Suzanne , Fourtakas Georgios , Richefeu Vincent , Piton Guillaume , Chambon Guillaume
Published: January 2024

This paper shows an application of the SPH software DualSPHysics coupled
with ProjectChrono to debris flow modelling. To achieve a rigorous
modelling of such flows, a validation of the method is conducted for
viscous flows and mixtures. Velocity profiles, free surface shape and
velocity of viscous surges are validated against well documented
experimental data. It is, to the best of our knowledge, one of the few
validations of the SPH approach for very viscous flows near the creeping
threshold (Re~1). Mixtures of viscous fluid and granular
elements are studied against a semi-empirical formula. The method is
then applied to 2D debris flow surges with field like features. Surges
are composed of a viscous Newtonian fluid and poly-disperse boulders.
The flow of surges of different concentrations is studied and Froude
numbers of real field measurements are retrieved. Such complex models
are shown to be relevant to the study of debris flow dynamics.
Application of UAV and ground measurements for urban vegetation cooling benefits assessment, Wilanów Palace case study
Authors: Trzeciak Michał , Sikorska Daria
Published: January 2024

This research at the Wilanów Palace, Warsaw, assesses urban greenery’s cooling impacts in a cultural heritage site using remote sensing and on-site measurements, highlighting vegetation’s importance in urban climate control. The study combines soil temperature data, UAV thermal imagery, leaf area index (LAI), LiDAR, and NDVI analyses. Findings demonstrate a strong link between vegetation density and temperature: UAV land surface temperature (LST) ranged from 26.8° to 47.5°C, peaking at 72°C, while ground-based temperatures were between 19.5° and 29.2°C, lowest in dense vegetation areas. The statistical analysis confirmed significant temperature differences across vegetation types, with higher LAI areas showing lower temperatures. These results validate the cooling effect of dense vegetation, emphasizing green spaces’ significance in urban climate regulation within cultural heritage sites. The study informs sustainable urban design and conservation, underlining the critical role of vegetation in improving urban microclimates.
Fasting blood glucose and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Yoon Soo-Young , Kim Jin Sug , Ko Gang Jee , Choi Yun Jin , Moon Ju Young , Jeong Kyunghwan , Hwang Hyeon Seok
Published: January 2024

Background: Glycemic control is particularly important in hemodialysis (HD) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Although fasting blood glucose (FBG) level is an important indicator of glycemic control, a clear target for reducing mortality in HD patients with DM is lacking. Methods: A total of 26,162 maintenance HD patients with DM were recruited from the National Health Insurance Database of Korea between 2002 and 2018. We analyzed the association of FBG levels at the baseline health examination with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results: Patients with FBG 80–100 mg/dL showed a higher survival rate compared with that of other FBG categories (p < 0.001). The risk of all-cause mortality increased with the increase in FBG levels, and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.17), 1.21 (95% CI, 1.13–1.29), 1.36 (95% CI, 1.26–1.46), and 1.61 (95% CI, 1.51–1.72) for patients with FBG 100–125, 125–150, 150–180, and ≥180 mg/dL, respectively. The HR for mortality was also significantly increased in patients with FBG <80 mg/dL (adjusted HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.23). The analysis of cause-specific mortality also revealed a J-shaped curve between FBG levels and the risk of cardiovascular deaths. However, the risk of infection or malignancy-related deaths was not linearly increased as FBG levels increased. Conclusion: A J-shaped association was observed between FBG levels and the risk of all-cause mortality, with the lowest risk at FBG 80–100 mg/dL in HD patients with DM.
B Cell Dysfunction in HIV: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Ifeanyi Obeagu Emmanuel
Published: January 2024

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a global health challenge, characterized by progressive immune dysregulation leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Among the myriad immune alterations observed in HIV, dysfunction of B lymphocytes plays a significant role in disease progression. This review article critically examines the multifaceted dysregulation of B cells during HIV infection, encompassing altered phenotypes, impaired functions, and disrupted interactions within the immune microenvironment. The dysregulation of B cells in HIV involves diverse mechanisms, including direct viral effects, chronic immune activation, and alterations in the cytokine milieu. Such dysfunction manifests as compromised antibody production, perturbed B cell subsets, impaired memory responses, and aberrant cytokine secretion, contributing to diminished humoral immunity and immune dysregulation. Understanding these intricacies is pivotal for elucidating the pathogenesis of HIV and developing targeted therapeutic strategies. This paper delineates the implications of B cell dysfunction for HIV-associated therapies. It highlights promising approaches, including immunotherapies targeting B cell function modulation, potential modifications or adjunctive therapies alongside standard antiretroviral therapy (ART) to address B cell abnormalities, and innovative strategies aimed at restoring humoral immunity in HIV-infected individuals. The elucidation of B cell dysregulation in HIV pathogenesis offers a unique avenue for therapeutic interventions. Targeting B cell dysfunction not only aims to restore humoral immunity but also holds promise in ameliorating overall immune function, potentially augmenting current HIV treatment paradigms.
Ayurvedic Consideration and Management of Herpes Zoster Affecting Trigeminal Nerve a Case Study Report
Authors: S Rajurkar
Published: January 2024

Ayurveda is considered as one of the oldest Systems of Medicine (TSMs) originating from India based on Tridoshic theory; the three doshas are vata, pitta, and kapha. Ayurveda’s unique, humane, personalized, and holistic approach considers whole body, mind, and aatma (the entity that keeps the body and organs alive- soul/spirit) along with their relationships with nature. Ayurveda aims for the methodical and skillfully administered treatment plan, “Shuddha Chikitsa- Chikitsa=treatment, Shuddha=clean, unadulterated, pure, safe treatment planned for progressive healing with utmost caution to avoid ‘harming’, to keep away from generating a new disease or complication during or after treatment” and considers rejuvenation and immunity modulating treatment modalities described as “Apunarbhav Chikitsa- Chikitsa=treatment, Apunarbhav=a-no, punah=again, bhava=manifest,” for the prevention of recurrence of the same cured disease. Ayurvedic Management of Herpes Zoster Affecting Trigeminal Nerve viral infection is observed quicker on recovery, cost effective, rejuvenating, freeing from complications, and free of drug induced adverse-side-effects. Herpes Zoster affecting trigeminal nerves - Orofacial herpes zoster (shingles), is an acute viral disease affecting the trigeminal nerve (CNV) and the skin around the nerve course. Due to the resemblance in presentation, Ayurvedically, it is considered as one type of Visarpa-Vata-Pittaja-Visarpa or Agneya Visarpa. It is essential to acknowledge the real time efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment when the client (patient) requested the Ayurvedic treatment plan with only herbs, and conducive food, lifestyle and with a “no” to “metallic bhasma-Rasaushadhee”* (“Rasaaushadi-a special aspect of ayurvedic pharmacology-bhasma-scientific method to process metals for therapeutic administration”)* and a “no” to any method of ‘bloodletting’. This may open up a new avenue for the Ayurvedic practice outside of India, and mainly within those countries where Ayurvedic formulations that include the metallic ingredients in any form, or leech therapy are not permissible within the scope of Ayurvedic Wellness Practice. Ayurvedic permissible protocols applied in this case include the cleansing modalities, dosha balancing herbs, local applications, food, and lifestyle interventions.
Stability of Citrullus lanatus Thunb Extract as Colourant in Paracetamol Syrup Formulation
Authors: EM Halilu
Published: January 2024

Synthetic colourants used in pharmaceutical formulations have been associated with cancer aetiology and toxicity to some vital human organs. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the stability of natural colourant from Citrullus Lanatus in paracetamol syrup. The fleshy fruit was sliced into smaller pieces, dried, powdered and the physicochemical properties were determined using standard protocols. The powdered sample was extracted successively by maceration using ethyl acetate and ethanol, and then dried in an oven at 80o C. The solubility of the extract was tested in ethanol and water, pH and insoluble matter determinations. Paracetamol syrup was formulated and then coloured with the C. lanatus extract in comparison to amaranth (reference). The effect of light and temperature at 37o C and 52 o C on the colourants were determined over a period of 14 days. The effect of the colourants on the drug was determined by placing the syrup in desiccator at 75 % RH and 40o C. The absorbance of the samples was measured using the UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The result of the light stability study showed that C. lanatus colourant was more stable when stored in amber bottles than in plain bottles. The temperature stability studies demonstrated a gradual increase in concentration at 37o C which decreases when the temperature was raised to 52o C. The formulations used for drug stability studies showed a decrease in concentration over the study period. The study indicated that Citrullus lanatus colourant is suitable for paracetamol syrup when protected from light and high temperature
Preparation Physicochemical Evaluation and Characterization of Tamra Bhasma
Authors: R Chandrasekar
Published: January 2024

Background: Bhasmas is an ancient nanomedicine prepared with herbs and minerals or metals and can be used for curing various diseases and disorders. Bhasma a herbomineral preparation called as Tamra Bhasma prepared from metallic copper which is recommended for various ailments. The Tamra Bhasma was prepared by various processes by sodhana, marana and bhavana. Aim: The aim of the research work was to prepare Tamra Bhasma by subjecting to various methods of preparation such as Sodhana, purification, Marana, incineration and Bhavana, levigation. Tamra Bhasma was prepared by using Electric Muffle Furnace and traditional method varaputa method. Methods: The Bhasma was prepared by Samayana sodhana by incorporation of Tila taila, Takra, Gomutra, Kanji and Kulatha Kwatha. The prepared Bhasma was subjected to quality control and evaluation studies such as ash values, acid insoluble ash value and water-soluble ash value, extractive values, colour, odour, taste, appearance, floating test, finger print analysis, curd test, etc. Results: The prepared Bhasma was subjected to characterizations which include Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and (SEM) was performed for the Bhasma and Scanning Electron Microscope was used to determine the size and shape of Bhasma. Conclusion: The ancient methods can be used to prepare these precious formulations and these predominant formulations can be preserved in future.
Modern Development in Medicinal Plant Cultivation
Authors: AR Nannar
Published: January 2024

Over thousands of years, nature has given us better environments for the growth and development of medicinal plants. Plants have been used as medicines since ancient times because people thought they were safe and had benefit. Even now, 80% of the world’s population relies mostly on alternative medicine systems for their primary healthcare needs. Several kinds of secondary metabolites, also known as bioactive plant elements, are found in plants and are what give them their medical value in nature. For the growth of a greater quantity of secondary metabolites from the plants and their by-products, scientific agriculture allows the application of modern technical elements like mutation, polyploidy, and hybridization. Simple approaches are required for the cultivation, gathering, and preservation of medicinal plants in order to maintain their therapeutic potential. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, resins, volatile oils, and other bioactive phytochemicals are only a few examples of the phytochemicals that play a major role in the pharmacological actions of medicinal and aromatic plants. The physical environment, including sunshine, temperature, rainfall, and soil type, has a significant impact on the growth and development of medicinal plants as well as the secondary metabolites that result from those processes. The world’s most significant sources of herbal goods are medicinal plants, yet they are vanishing quickly. We stressed the need for sufficient consideration of resource management and conservation techniques for the sustainable use of medicinal plant resources, including in situ and ex situ conservation and growing approaches. We advise applying biotechnological methods (such as tissue culture, micropropagation, synthetic seed technology, and techniques based on molecular markers) to increase production and alter the potency of medicinal plants. The numerous innovations employed in farming methods are described in this article.
Assessing the Provision of Community Pharmacy Services in Addis Ababa City During the Covid-19 Epidemic
Authors: AT Feroche
Published: January 2024

Background: Community Pharmacists are frequently the first point of contact for the public, especially during the afflictions. As outlined by the International Pharmaceutical Federation, community Pharmacists have an important public health role during this COVID-19 infection. Since the outbreak of coronavirus complaint 2019 (COVID-19) pharmacists like other health professionals, have been at the frontal line of combating the complaint and remained open, thus playing significant part in minimizing or avoiding its community transmission. Therefore, study was throwing to assess the provision of community pharmacy services during COVID-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of community pharmacists in relation to provision of public services during COVID-19 epidemic in Addis Ababa City. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa city administrations from June 28, 2021, to July 30, 2021, with a sample size of 290 and the sample was determined through cluster sampling technique. The result was cleared by Epi Info version 7.0 and analyzed through SPSS interpretation 25. Result: Methods used to analyze the collected primary data: we used percentage and tables to analyze the data. The exploration finding were grounded on primary source of data. For this reason, we distributed 14 questionnaires to 360 respondents. Out of these, 290 respondents filled out the questionnaires and returned them to the investigators. The results of the study show that during the epidemic, the community pharmacies offered poor pharmaceutical services.
Analyzing Conclusions on Classical Terminology by the Study of Symptoms Associated with Agni for its Clinical Relevance
Authors: S Rajurkar
Published: January 2024

The digestive, metabolic factor has been a vital criterion through various aspects of health and healing in any medicinal system. Ayurveda termed this factor as ‘Agni.’ Ayurveda is one of the oldest Systems of Medicine (TSMs) originating from India. All the eight branches of Ayurveda incorporate a fundamental line of treatment known as ‘Kayachikitsa’ (Internal Medicine), which literally means “treatment of Agni” (Kaya means Agni, ‘Chikitsa’ translated as ‘treatment’). Each Classical text from Ayurvedic Greater Trilogy specified symptoms associated with Agni by precise terminology, and with its reference, described its ‘state’, role in primordial stage, accompanying symptoms, disease prognosis, manifestation, differentiation, disease-stage-wise Agni’s treatment, measures, e.g., nutrition, lifestyle, etc., markers for agni’s recovery and Agni related disease recovery, etc. Evidence of similarities and variances in classical terminology pertaining to relevant outcome criteria bring in the need to refer to all classics since they did not use one and the same term in the same context of some symptoms associated with Agni as a standard protocol. This topic is meticulously researched and published by ‘The Study of Symptoms Associated with ‘Agni.’ with Special Emphasis on Durbalatwa, Sada, Nasha on the Basis of Brihattrayee in Context of Lakshankaosha’. Therefore, it is essential to analyze conclusions drawn on Classical Terminology by this work for Clinical relevance of each classic’s terminology. Which may reveal sequence or correlation of one terminology used by the one, two or each classic for similar or variable symptoms associated with Agni, strategic plan for Agni’s diagnosis within various diseases, its causes, its role as a causative factor, acute-short term effects, recovery markers, early signals of potential underlying long-term sequelae leading to lifelong traces and treatment.
A Potential Source of Anti-Cancer Drugs: Marine Raw Materials
Authors: KR Dudhat
Published: January 2024

Marine populations serve as a repository for novel bioactive metabolites with a wide range of chemical configurations. The influence of marine species is highlighted in this review, with a focus on marine plants, algae, bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, sponges, and soft corals. Disease ailment patterns are shifting, and new diseases are arising as a result of changing settings. The massive increase in the world’s population has put a strain on the available drug resources. As a result, drug companies are constantly on the search for fresh resources to help them develop effective and safe drugs to meet the growing demands of the global population. The marine environment contains an abundance of various materials for developing novel medications to treat important diseases such as cancer. Cancer is still one of the deadliest diseases on the planet. New medications with novel modes of action are desperately needed, thus much research has been done on new anticancer treatments derived from natural sources, including plants, microorganisms, and marine organisms. The anti-cancer benefits of marine natural products in in vitro and in vivo research were initially discussed, as well as their activity in tumor prevention and associated compoundinduced apoptosis and cytotoxicities.
Shiryate Iti Shariram- An Abstract Study to Disclose the Meaning of Aging
Authors: S Rathore
Published: January 2024

In our day- to- day life which performing conditioning there's further or lower reduction of ‘Dhatu’ takes position which results in “Dhatukshaya” depending on the physical day to day conditioning an existent. It's spoke that “Shiryate iti shariram”. tallying to ultramodern gerontology aims to explain why nearly all abiding effects weaken, pulverize and go with time. tallying to Ayurveda, the physiology descrying ‘sharir’( which means continuously decaying(“shiryati”) as the title suggests) has been explained considerably in Ayurveda. Vriddhavastha is that stage of life when decay in the body, dhatu( colorful anatomical towel), perception authority of the indriya( sensitive and motor organs), energy, energy and peroration, colorful internal and cognitive places. During this period there's ascendance of Vata Dosha( one of three natural procurators). The major physical changes during this period are graying hairs, face, wrinkling, baldness and dwindling capability to do physical work.
A Comparative Study of Dashmoola Taila Nasya and Shirodhara in Vatika Shiroroga (Tension Headache)
Authors: S Sharma
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The modern man must cope with a variety of difficulties, strains, stressors and anxieties. Irregular and unnatural eating habits, repressing natural cravings, inadequate sleep and a lack of downtime are inseparable components of our routine that drain the body's energy and eventually result in disease. Excessive crying, anguish, fear and terror have all been linked to its aetiopathogeneses. One such psycho-somatic illness that is comparable to Vatika Shiroroga as mentioned in Ayurvedic writings is tension headache. The most typical form of chronic, recurrent head discomfort is a tension headache. Episodic TTH and Chronic TTH are its two types. It is one of the ailments for which patients most regularly seek medical advice. Since the beginning of time, countless analgesics have been introduced to the armoury of the contemporary doctor only to demonstrate their worthlessness. Thus, with the intention of identifying and creating an alternative, safer, effective and long-lasting therapy, the study titled. Objectives: A Comparative Study of Dashmoola Taila Nasya and Shirodhara in Vatika Shiroroga (Tension Headache). Methods: Trial was carried out on 60 patients. They were divided randomly into two groups of 30 patients each. The treatments were successfully completed by 29 patients in Group A (Nasya Karma with Dashmoola Taila) and 27 patients in Group B (Shirodhara with Dashmoola Taila). The treatment lasted a total of 27 days. Follow-up was conducted one month after the trial's conclusion. Result: Although both therapies were approximately equally beneficial, "Group B" performed better than "Group A" on the basis of percentage relief.
Genome-Wide-Associated-Genetic Variants Identification in Critical COVID-19
Authors: Cheepsattayakorn Attapon
Published: January 2024

A recent study using genome-wide association study (GWAS), a monocyte transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) models, and Mendelian randomization revealed association of the critical COPVID-19 with genes relatedhost factors required for viral replication and entry, -immunometabolism, monocyte-macrophage activation and endothelial permeability, and inflammatory signalling; RAB2A and TMPRSS2 (Figure 1) [1], AK5 and SLC2A, PDE4A, and JAK1, respectively [1]. There was critical correlations between predicted gene expression in monocyte [2], blood [3], and lung (Figure 2) [1, 4, 5].
What Does Shortness of Breath Mean in Acute Pneumonia?
Authors: Klepikov Igor
Published: January 2024

One of the most characteristic and relatively early signs of acute pneumonia (AP) is shortness of breath. The appearance of this sign in patients with AP is usually identified with respiratory insufficiency and may be accompanied by hypoxemia [1-3], which, in turn, serves as a marker of the severity of the disease and a prognostic indicator [4-7]
On the Aporetic Nature of Plato’s Lysis
Authors: ST Al Vincent
Published: January 2024

Centering on the early Platonic dialogues, this paper delineates the importance of considering Plato’s Lysis’ as rightful inclusion to Jan Szaif’s proposal of “core group” of aporetic dialogue. This paper highlights a synoptic presentation of the development of Lysis’s reception by modern scholars of Plato (Platonic scholars) at the beginning of this discourse to establish a compelling argument for its aporetic nature. It then proceeds with a revisit to Szaif’s article Socrates and the Benefits of Puzzlement. The first section, considering its importance, emphasizes the evident possibility of opening his list of ‘core group’ of aporetic dialogue to Lysis benefitting the said dialogue. This exposition concludes with the philosophical nature of friendship, even love, must neither begin in Plato’s Phaedrus and Symposium nor in Aristotle’s conception of friendship in Nicomachean Ethics. Alternatively, cognizant of the aporetic tradition followed and practiced by Plato, all studies on the said topics may begin with Lysis.
The Givenness of the World The Problem of Directionality in Modern Epistemology
Authors: B Thaliath
Published: January 2024

As widely acknowledged, the epistemological turn of early modernity was based on the Cartesian method of doubt and negation, which primarily relates to the world of objects. The methodological negation and separation of sensible qualities and subjective attributes of objects left behind residual entities, which, from the Cartesian res extensa to the Kantian thing-initself, explicates an important basic feature of a historically unfolding transcendentalism: the reduction of objects to a mere givenness and the directional conditionality of epistemology that presupposes it. The following paper examines how and to what extent modern epistemology tacitly assumes an epistemic directionality, and accordingly reduces the world of objects to its mere givenness by subordinating the objects to a hierarchical structure of cognition. The investigation is carried out both in a theoretical-philosophical as well as in a historical framework.
Macroconcepts in Edgar Morin’s Thought: Need and Function
Authors: LM Cadavid-Ramírez
Published: January 2024

This paper analyzes the necessity and operation of conceptual macromolecule inside Edgar Morin’s school of thought due to the significant connection of his epistemological proposal and the language transformation with which the knowledge of reality is expressed in complex thought. This paper is organized as follows. First, we pointed the essential link between conceptualizer/observer subject and the macro-conceptualization. Second, we interpret the system or complex basic unity expounded in Method I based on complexity principles. Finally, it may be concluded that the linguistic resources used by this paradigm are in accordance with the new ways to understand complexity.
Hospitality: A Taste of Eternity
Authors: P Mendes-Flohr
Published: January 2024

The article explicates the biblical ethic of hospitality – the welcoming of the stranger into one’s midst –as adumbrating the inclusive theological sensibilities of Judaism and Christianity, ultimately setting the ground of Kant’s cosmopolitan vision of eternal peace.
The Metaphysical Problem of the Ontological Destiny of Man
Authors: IN Onwuatuegwu
Published: January 2024

Change according to Heraclitus is the only abiding substance observable in the universe. The implication of this view is that apart from change which remains the only constant thing, there is nothing that is held to be permanent. That is why life though relatively blissful, sooner or later is overtaken by death. Of course, death is always a dread to human conciousness. It is a phenomenon which man has always whished that it not be a reality. It is this facticity and the finitude of life that the writer intends to critically examine in this paper. With the methodological approach of critical reflection, he aimed at achieving the goal of the study which concludes that death is an inescapable phenomenon awaiting every single existent being, though not the end of existence.
Abracadabra: Until the Word is Gone
Authors: AK Stravinsky
Published: January 2024

Language, speech and word are undergoing catastrophic changes in the context of modern history. The multilingual world has created a catastrophe for all elements of language, where they are gradually losing their original meaning. The historical territories of languages are dispersed and disintegrate into many fragments, putting them in danger of extinction. However, art becomes the new territory for their Renaissance. The art world provides its environment for the complete rebirth of the word and language. Furthermore, it allows the subsequent acquisition of an entirely new corporeality and constructs a new metalanguage for the “dialogue” between people. The works of contemporary artists such as Erik Bulatov, Sergei Katran, Lena Herzog, Eyal Sivan, Yegor Astapchenko, Jaak Sooaar, Aleksei Kruglov, Dmitriy Prigov, Sharon Bloom of absolutely different nationalities will help us to trace the main strategies for preserving all the components of our communication - language, speech and words. And the main ideas of such scholars as Juri Lotman, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Gaston Bachelard, and Michel Jouvet will help us understand the trends of their changes.
Roots of the Crisis of Ethical Theory
Authors: MH Mitias
Published: January 2024

This essay is an analytical, critical, and evaluative exploration of the roots of the crisis of ethical theory. By crisis, the author means a state of inner separation or alienation. In what sense is ethical theory separated or alienated from itself? What is the self from which it is alienated? The thesis the author defends is that the crisis of ethical theory is embedded in the crisis of philosophy, the crisis of philosophy is embedded in the crisis of culture, and the crisis of culture is embedded in the growth and development of modernity. A theory is in crisis when it is alienated from its function. A theory’s reason for being is its function. Thus, an understanding of this kind of crisis should be attained in the context in which it has taken place, viz., the crisis of philosophy and the crisis of culture. This is based on the assumption that ethical theory is an integral part of philosophy and philosophy is an integral part of culture.
The Moral Foreign Language Effect: Do Languages Influence How We Make Moral Decisions?
Authors: MS Bektas
Published: January 2024

Both philosophy and linguistics have emphasized the importance of language as a means of dialogue. Despite the fact that Wittgenstein added a new layer of complication to this point of view, the Sapir-Whorf theory, proposed by Edward Sapir and his colleague Benjamin Lee Whorf, helped the impact of language on the mind acquire notoriety. With this idea, language not only continued to be a means of communication but also received recognition in the social science curriculum as a crucial element in the development of personal identities and the process of knowledge assimilation. The effect of language on morality and ethics was the most significant element that philosophers and linguists overlooked in their extensive study. For instance, little is known about how the terms we choose can influence how we understand morality and ethics. The sole subject of this article will be how language influences the moral and ethical decisions we make. To put it another way, how we make choices is greatly influenced by the language or beliefs we use in both public and private life. This means that in order to understand a country’s law or socially accepted norms, it is crucial to closely examine the language that country uses. The options or goals that are publicly acceptable are also closely related to the language, metaphors, and discourses used by a specific society. The contemporary world does not analyze these incidents from a linguistic perspective, but language has contributed to the creation of accepted legal and social standards.
War and Power Politics in the Service of Higher Ends
Authors: R Gruijters
Published: January 2024

At the start of Early Modernity, the notion of raison d’état (reason of state) became a central issue in European politics. By means of that notion politicians and intellectuals reflected upon the legitimacy of violent and unethical means in the service of higher ends. Due, among others, to the nature of modern warfare, the role of the state acquired new significance in human affairs. Therefore, many philosophers and politicians argued that politics might be fundamentally different from other human activities and might require a special rationality and morality. Also, thus my hypothesis, the discourse and history of the raison d’état is throughout history characterized by some recurring themes, such as the consolidation of governmental power. In this study, I want to explore how the raison d’état, in various strengths, has been instrumentalised in the political doctrine of Richelieu and Louis XIII as well in the political ideas of Putin and his ideological right-hand Dugin. It will be discussed how in both political systems; sovereignty is considered to be an undifferentiated body of legitimate power with a firm basis in Christian-Stoic natural law. The stoic ideal of indifference (apatheia) is an important reference in the reason of state rhetoric since the individual is supposed to be prepared to sacrifice his life for the preservation of the State. The common good should be the objective of each person in the society. I will analyse to what extent Putin and Dugin, in defending their war politics, use similar arguments as cardinal Richelieu. By reflecting on the intellectual discourse about the nature and purposes of the State itself, and the element of justice and higher values in the public discourse, it can be analysed how the raison d’état operates in a political doctrine.
Freedom for Responsibility: The Essence of Ubuntu/Unhu Philosophy
Authors: Z Davison
Published: January 2024

Ubuntu/Unhu societies were characterised by the thrust on freedom for responsibility where the elders were the bearers of authority which was conducive for the development of the freedom. The authority of the elders had a bearing on the freedom of the non-elderly people. Authority and freedom are connected by responsibility. Without responsibility as the nodal point between authority and freedom, authority lapses into power and freedom lapses into licence. This study sought to find out how elders in Ubuntu/Unhu societies socialised the youngsters to become responsible citizens. In exploring the thrust and procedures of civic education in Ubuntu/Unhu societies, a study of ten elderly informants of ages between sixty-five and ninety-five were purposively selected from a district in Zimbabwe. The research findings are that the advent of colonialism has begotten misconstruction of the nature of freedom in Ubuntu/Unhus societies. The thrust has of late been on negative freedom which is freedom ‘from’ social vices. Many of these social vices are attributable to cultural invasion by the Euroethnocentric tendencies of the colonialists and the effects of global citizenry. Ubuntu/Unh societies were essentially focusing on the philosophy of freedom for responsibility in their pedagogy and andragogy. The contemporary institutions could get some insights from Ubuntu socialization strategies on how to develop responsibility in children and youths in this era of modernity.
Re-Thinking the Tenability of Azikiwe’s Neo-Welfarism
Authors: TT Nicholas
Published: January 2024

More than half a century after Nigeria (like most African nations) gained Independence; there has been a lingering problem of finding a socio-political ideology that would suit perfectly with the peculiar nature of African traditions. Incidentally, it is this same problem that led African thinkers to start propounding socio-political ideologies. These include Leopold Sedar Senghor, Julius Nyerere, Modibo Keita, Kwame Nkrumah, Sekou Touré, and Nnamdi Azikiwe. The latter propose what he called Neo-Welfarism. A theory which has faced severe criticism over the years. This work has two goals: to identify the criticisms against Nnamdi Azikiwe’ Neo-Welfarism and re-examine them; and to show how Azikiwe’s Neo-Welfarism could be suitable for tackling the socio-political and economic challenges of contemporary Nigeria. The paper maintains that despite some flaws, Azikiwe’s Neo-Welfarism still holds certain credible principles which when properly applied, could be beneficial to the Nigerian society, and Africa at large.
Korean Christians Americanized
Authors: DM Hong
Published: January 2024

With the introduction of zoom and cell group Bible study and fellowship gathering with church members from 6 to 10, congregation members of each Korean church have come to appreciate the diversity within each consistory encompassing multigenerational American born Koreans, foreign expats, diplomats, immigrants from middle class and up from the greater Seoul, South Korea area, political refugees and migrant workers who categorically entered this country with Republic of Korea visa but who originally were able to date back their earlier life from Communist Regimes such as Siberia, China, Vietnam and North Korea (Ibuk chulsin) and other Asian of color looking foreigners and mix-breeds with Korean heritage and other combinations. The focus of their Christian practice has been more passive concept of God’s grace grounded on John Wesley tradition rather than their yoking and making progress in lineal fashion into the future with and by believers out of Christian love. A premium is placed in smooth transitioning from static Confucianism and Christianity embracing education, meritocracy, social harmony and order.
Human and Society in the Nature State and Civilized State from Hobbes Point of View
Authors: S Karimi
Published: January 2024

The Enlightenment philosophy, particularly the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and his concepts surrounding the State and Society, serves as a philosophical foundation for numerous subsequent discussions in the fields of social and political sciences. Hobbes’ perspective on human nature and his portrayal of the natural state versus civilization are undeniably among the central tenets of modern thought. He characterizes humanity as the ‘wolf-man’ and underscores the necessity of a social contract-based civilized state to ensure security and safeguard collective interests. Hobbes is primarily concerned with peace, and his political framework, rooted in a modern scientific sense, is designed with the explicit goal of establishing and preserving peace. In the natural state, where humanity exists in an uncivilized condition, each individual is self-interested and disconnected, resulting in a landscape fraught with danger and insecurity. However, a glimmer of hope arises from the fact that human awareness of this predicament serves as the very genesis of contemplation and thought directed towards salvation. The cornerstone of security in the natural state is the equality of all individuals within it. According to Hobbes, society does not represent the spontaneous formation of a fundamental condition for collective life but, rather, the conscious regulation of a potentially volatile state perpetually on the brink of conflict. Through surveys, Hobbes asserts that a majority of people within a society willingly delegate their power and authority to an individual or a group, enabling them to consolidate the various wills into a unified collective will through a voting process. This article aims to explore a fundamental shift in ethics as we transition from classical ethics centered around ‘good’ to modern social ethics founded on ‘security’ and ‘stability.’
The Phenomenological Method Applied to Acute Psychiatric Situations
Authors: R Vanacore
Published: January 2024

The most accepted definition of urgency in psychiatry is that of a situation of acute and severe mental and behavioral suffering, which requires immediate treatment. Therefore, in the situation defined as “psychiatric urgency”, a descriptive and nosographic element (acute), a prognostic element (severity) and a therapeutic element (need for immediate treatment) coexists. In any case, it remains difficult and complex, sometimes enigmatic, to understand the acute episode within the course of a specific pathology. It is a matter of having to oscillate in front of the patient “between the madness of a moment and the madness of an existence” [1]. By the way, contribution from philosophical discourse may be helpful to clarify the psychopathological structure of acute psychiatric urgencies.
The Agency of the Other and the Question of Violence: Otherwise than Levinas
Authors: D Pimentel
Published: January 2024

It is well known that Emmanuel Levinas places the ‘other’ at the heart of his phenomenology, as an agency the relation toward which constitutes subjectivity. As such, the Levinasian other is deprived of violence, and it is identified with the figures of the foreigner, the orphan, and the widow. The only resistance the other could muster against the violence directed at him/ her, argues Levinas, is what he terms as the resistance of lack of resistance. This article aims at questioning this premise. Is the other indeed deprived of any violence? The readings of Derrida, Sartre, Foucault, Agamben, Freud, and Lacan can prove otherwise: either the other is equipped with contingent violence, in accordance with its intentions, as Derrida argues; or it is equipped with a priori violence, administered through the gaze, as Sartre shows. The violence of the other is linked to the violence of identity, as that which alienates the self from itself by depriving it of its fluctuating heterogeneity, whatever name it assumes.