bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relations Among Father's Presence, Family Conflict, and Adolescent Adjustment in Northern Ireland
Authors: Luningham Justin M. , Merrilees Christine E. , Taylor Laura K. , Goeke‐Morey Marcie , Shirlow Peter , Wentz Bethany , Cummings E. Mark
Published: August 2020

Burgeoning evidence identifies the influence of fathers and, relatedly, fathers in the family context (e.g., family conflict), on adolescent adjustment. However, little is known about the significance of fathers’ presence in contexts of environmental risk. In a unique social–political context of economic and sociopolitical adversity, this study examined relations between adolescent adjustment, fathers’ presence, and family conflict in families in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Based on responses from 999 adolescents (M = 12.18 years;SD = 1.82) and their mothers, participating from 2006 to 2012, fathers’ presence was linked with reduced internalizing symptoms, and family conflict was related to both internalizing and externalizing problems. The discussion considers the implications for understanding family dynamics related to adolescent adjustment in contexts of environmental adversity.
Perineal stapled prolapse resection for external rectal prolapse: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan K. , Cao A. M. , Barto W. , De Lacavalerie P.
Published: August 2020

Aim

Rectal prolapse is an uncommon but debilitating pelvic floor disorder that significantly decreases the quality of life of affected patients. Perineal stapled prolapse resection is a relatively new perineal approach that offers an promising alternative technique in the surgical management of rectal prolapse. It appears to be a simple, reproducible and efficient method. However, long‐term outcomes are limited. The aims of this review are to assess the safety and effectiveness of perineal stapled prolapse resection in the management of rectal prolapse.

Method

A systematic review of all articles describing this approach was searched using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Included in this review were all randomized and nonrandomized prospective and retrospective studies reporting patients (aged 16 years and older) with complete rectal prolapse who underwent perineal stapled prolapse resection for the surgical treatment of the rectal prolapse.

Results

A total of 408 patients across 20 articles were included. There were 58 cases of recurrence out of 368 patients over a median length of follow‐up of 18 months (interquartile range 12–34 months). The total weighted overall recurrence was 12%. There were 51 cases of postoperative complications in 350 cases, bleeding being the most common complication.

Conclusion

The recurrence rate is comparable to those of the well‐established Altemeier and Delorme procedures. However, given the heterogeneity of studies and variations in lengths of follow‐up, further randomized prospective studies are needed to adequately compare this technique against other procedures for complete rectal prolapse.
Long‐term clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasia with or without the hybrid technique
Authors: Kang DU , Park JC , Hwang SW , Park SH , Yang DH , Kim KJ , Ye BD , Myung SJ , Yang SK , Byeon JS
Published: August 2020

Aim

The main aim of this study was to compare the long‐term outcome of a conventional colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in which submucosal dissection was continued throughout until the completion of resection (ESD‐T) to hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD‐H) in the colorectum.

Method

Medical records of 836 colorectal neoplasia patients treated by ESD‐T or ESD‐H were reviewed. ESD‐H was defined as colorectal ESD with additional snaring in the final stage of the procedure. Primary outcomes were the overall and metastatic recurrence rates. Secondary outcomes were short‐term outcomes such as the en bloc resection rate, procedure time and adverse events.

Results

The overall recurrence rate was higher in the ESD‐H than in the ESD‐T group (5.7% vs 0.7%, P = 0.001). The metastatic recurrence rate showed no significant difference between these groups (1.4% vs 1.4%, P = 1.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that a failed en bloc resection (hazard ratio 24.097; 95% CI 5.446–106.237; P < 0.001) and larger tumour size (hazard ratio 1.042; 95% CI 1.014–1.070; P = 0.003) were independently associated with overall recurrence. The ESD‐H group showed a lower en bloc resection rate (56.8% vs 96.5%, P < 0.001), shorter procedure time (45.6 vs 54.3 min, P < 0.001) and higher perforation rate (10.3% vs 6.0%, P = 0.029).

Conclusion

Although long‐term outcomes in terms of overall recurrence are inferior following ESD‐H, a failed en bloc resection and large tumour size are the only independent risk factors for recurrence. Further investigations are warranted to improve the long‐term outcomes of ESD‐H.
Convulsive seizures and some behavioral comorbidities are uncoupled in the Scn1aA1783V Dravet syndrome mouse model
Authors: Fadila Saja , Quinn Shir , Turchetti Maia Ana , Yakubovich Daniel , Ovadia Mor , Anderson Karen L. , Giladi Moshe , Rubinstein Moran
Published: August 2020

Objective

Dravet syndrome (Dravet) is a severe childhood epileptic encephalopathy. The disease begins with a febrile stage, characterized by febrile seizures with otherwise normal development. Progression to the worsening stage features recurrent intractable seizures and the presentation of additional nonepileptic comorbidities, including global developmental delay, hyperactivity, and motor deficits. Later in life, at the stabilization stage, seizure burden decreases, whereas Dravet‐associated comorbidities persist. To date, it remains debated whether the nonepileptic comorbidities result from severe epilepsy or represent an independent phenotypic feature.

Methods

Dravet mice (DS) faithfully recapitulate many clinical aspects of Dravet. Using wild‐type (WT) and DS at different ages, we monitored multiple behavioral features as well as background electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during the different stages of Dravet epilepsy.

Results

Behavioral tests of WT and DS demonstrated that some deficits manifest already at the pre‐epileptic stage, prior to the onset of convulsive seizures. These include motor impairment and hyperactivity in the open field. Deficits in cognitive functions were detected at the onset of severe spontaneous seizures. Power spectral analysis of background EEG activity, measured through development, showed that DS exhibit normal background oscillations at the pre‐epileptic stage, a marked reduction in total power during the onset of severe epilepsy, and a subsequent smaller reduction later in life. Importantly, low EEG power at the stage of severe frequent convulsive seizures correlated with increased risk for premature death.

Significance

Our data provide a comprehensive developmental trajectory of Dravet epilepsy and Dravet‐associated comorbidities in mice, under controlled settings, demonstrating that the convulsive seizures and some nonepileptic comorbidities may be uncoupled. Moreover, we report the existence of an inverse correlation, on average, between the power of background EEG and the severity of epileptic phenotypes, suggesting that such measurements may potentially serve as a biomarker for Dravet severity.
Targeted modulation of E3 ligases using engineered ubiquitin variants
Authors: LeBlanc Nicole , Mallette Evan , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2020

Ubiquitination plays an essential role in signal transduction to regulate most if not all cellular processes. Among the enzymes that are involved in the ubiquitin (Ub) signaling cascade, tremendous efforts have been focused on elucidating the roles of E3 Ub ligases as they determine the complexity and specificity of ubiquitination. Not surprisingly, the malfunction of E3 ligases is directly implicated in many human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potent and specific molecules to modulate E3 ligase activity as intracellular probes for target validation and as pharmacological agents in preclinical research. Unfortunately, the progress has been hampered by the dynamic regulation mechanisms for different types of E3 ligases. Here, we summarize the progress of using protein engineering to develop Ub variant (UbV) inhibitors for all major families of E3 ligases and UbV activators for homologous with E6‐associated protein C terminus E3s and homodimeric RING E3s. We believe that this provides a general strategy and a valuable toolkit for the research community to inhibit or activate E3 ligases and these synthetic molecules have important implications in exploring protein degradation for drug discovery.
Dual role of the active site ‘lid’ regions of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in photocatalysis and plant development
Authors: Zhang Shaowei , Godwin Alan R. F. , Taylor Aoife , Hardman Samantha J. O. , Jowitt Thomas A. , Johannissen Linus O. , Hay Sam , Baldock Clair , Heyes Derren J. , Scrutton Nigel S.
Published: August 2020

Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) catalyses reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide, a light‐dependent reaction of chlorophyll biosynthesis. POR is also important in plant development as it is the main constituent of prolamellar bodies in etioplast membranes. Prolamellar bodies are highly organised, paracrystalline structures comprising aggregated oligomeric structures of POR–Pchlide–NADPH complexes. How these oligomeric structures are formed and the role of Pchlide in oligomerisation remains unclear. POR crystal structures highlight two peptide regions that form a ‘lid’ to the active site, and undergo conformational change on binding Pchlide. Here, we show that Pchlide binding triggers formation of large oligomers of POR using size exclusion chromatography. A POR ‘octamer’ has been isolated and its structure investigated by cryo‐electron microscopy at 7.7 Å resolution. This structure shows that oligomer formation is most likely driven by the interaction of amino acid residues in the highly conserved lid regions. Computational modelling indicates that Pchlide binding stabilises exposure of hydrophobic surfaces formed by the lid regions, which supports POR dimerisation and ultimately oligomer formation. Studies with variant PORs demonstrate that lid residues are involved in substrate binding and photocatalysis. These highly conserved lid regions therefore have a dual function. The lid residues position Pchlide optimally to enable photocatalysis. Following Pchlide binding, they also enable POR oligomerisation – a process that is reversed through subsequent photocatalysis in the early stages of chloroplast development.
Spatial variability of bigeye tuna habitat in the Pacific Ocean: Hindcast from a refined ecological niche model
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Wan Rong , Cao Jie , Xu Liuxiong , Wang Xuefang , Zhu Jiangfeng
Published: August 2020

Habitat distribution is critically informative for stock assessment, since incorporating its variabilities can have important implications for the estimation of stock biomass or the relative abundance index. A refined ecological niche model with habitat characteristic parameterization was developed to reconstitute a 3‐D ecological map of bigeye tuna in the Pacific Ocean. We determined the boundaries and hierarchies of oceanographic features and hydrological conditions at horizontal and vertical scales to define the habitat preference of bigeye tuna associated with their feeding and physiological requirements. Ecogeographic projections underlined the depth‐ and region‐specific habitat distribution of bigeye tuna, with noticeable dynamic variations in the response to climate variability. Depths from 300 to 400 m represented layers of the most productive habitat, which was widespread through the equatorial Pacific Ocean and extended to the north‐central Pacific Ocean. The proportion of high‐quality habitat size in the north Pacific had a strictly regular intra‐annual cycle with peaks during the winter. Climate variability appeared to disturb the balance of the regular fluctuations in habitat size in the equatorial Pacific. Habitat hotspots during an El Niño period were characterized by their expansion to the north of the Hawaiian islands, shrinkage in the west for the hotspot band north of the Equator, and an eastern shift for the band south of the Equator. This variability may be the consequence of the incorporated fluctuations of the oxygen minimum zones (OMZ), current systems, and stratification in the open ocean.
Growing‐season frost is a better predictor of tree growth than mean annual temperature in boreal mixedwood forest plantations
Authors: Marquis Benjamin , Bergeron Yves , Simard Martin , Tremblay Francine
Published: August 2020

Increase in frost damage to trees due to earlier spring dehardening could outweigh the expected increase in forest productivity caused by climate warming. We quantified the impact of growing‐season frosts on the performance of three spruce species (white, black, and Norway spruce) and various seed sources with different frost tolerance in two plantations, established on both sides of the eastern Canadian boreal‐temperate forest ecotone. The objectives of this study were to determine (a) if spruce species and seed sources planted in sites far from their natural provenance would be less adapted to local site conditions, leading to increased frost damage and reduced height growth; (b) at which height above the ground growing‐season frosts ceased to damage apical meristems; and (c) if height growth was best predicted by extreme climatic events (growing‐season frosts) or by mean annual or summer temperature. At each site and for all spruce species and seed sources, we cross‐sectioned spruce trees at different heights above the ground. Tree rings were cross‐dated and screened for frost rings, which were then given a severity score based on cellular damage. Frost severity reduced height growth of all spruce species and provenances at both sites. Height growth of the non‐native Norway spruce was the most reduced by frost severity and was the smallest species at both sites. Frost caused the highest growth reduction in white spruce at the boreal mixedwood site and had the least effect on black spruce at both sites. For all spruce species, height growth was affected up to 2 m above the ground. Model selection based on corrected Akaike's information criteria (AICc) identified that minimum temperature in May was by far the best climate variable predicting tree growth (AICc weight = 1), highlighting the importance of considering extreme climatic events, which are likely to increase in the future.
Chronicles of conflicting care in confinement: Documenting the work experiences of seven ‘patient zeros’
Authors: van Eck Dide , Jammaers Eline
Published: August 2020

This article documents the experiences of a group of working women who were amongst the first diagnosed with COVID‐19 in their country. Through interviews at two points in time, personal diaries and WhatsApp conversations, we lay bare how feelings of shame, hate and guilt for being patient zeros intersect with the experience of intensified care work during the lockdown. Care during the confinement became a central feature of everyday life and often took a virtual turn, both among families and friends as well as in the distanced workplace. Yet meaningful caregiving from the organizations in times of economic uncertainty was mostly lacking and passed on to individual employees who felt a moral and gendered obligation to substitute for the corporate carelessness. The conflicts of care that emerged out of this situation came at the cost of self‐care. We argue that, although the women in our study are mostly privileged, there is a surprising amount of suffering that took place. Finally, we question our own care ethics as researchers in further burdening those suffering in pandemic times to participate in this study.
Library Jargon Creates Barriers for Potential Users of Health Library and Information Services
Authors: Kiely Helen
Published: August 2020

This paper is based on Helen Kiely’s Masters dissertation on MA in Library and Information Service Management, successfully completed at the University of Sheffield in 2018. The aim of the study was to explore the extent to which users of a health care library service understood common terminology used by clinical librarians/information professionals. A survey was developed based on the terminology used for common services and was distributed to staff and students at an acute NHS Foundation Trust. One hundred and eight people participated over a four week period and were asked to provide definitions to the terms. Analysis of the responses for accuracy and common themes indicates that jargon can be a barrier to user access and recommendations are made with respect to the need for outreach to users and the language used in this practice for creating better accessibility.

F.J.
Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches
Authors: Vogel Sebastian , Bussler Heinz , Finnberg Sven , Müller Jörg , Stengel Elisa , Thorn Simon
Published: August 2020

Tree species diversity is important to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in managed forests. Yet, knowledge about the conservational importance of single tree species and implications for forest management and conservation practices are lacking.

We exposed freshly cut branch‐bundles of 42 tree species, representing tree species native and non‐native to Europe, under sun‐exposed and shaded conditions for 1 year. Afterwards, communities of saproxylic beetles were reared ex situ for 2 years. We tested for the impact of tree species and sun exposure on alpha‐, beta‐, and gamma‐diversity as well as composition of saproxylic beetle communities. Furthermore, the number of colonised tree species by each saproxylic beetle species was determined.

Tree species had a lower impact on saproxylic beetle communities compared to sun exposure. The diversity of saproxylic beetles varied strongly among tree species, with highest alpha‐ and gamma‐diversity found inQuercus petraea. Red‐listed saproxylic beetle species occurred ubiquitously among tree species. We found distinct differences in the community composition of broadleaved and coniferous tree species, native and non‐native tree species as well as sun‐exposed and shaded deadwood.

Our study enhances the understanding of the importance of previously understudied and non‐native tree species for the diversity of saproxylic beetles. To improve conservation practices for saproxylic beetles and especially red‐listed species, we suggest a stronger incorporation of tree species diversity and sun exposure of into forest management strategies, including the enrichment of deadwood from native and with a specific focus on locally rare or silviculturally less important tree species.
The impact of fat content and charcoal types on quality and the development of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines formation of barbecued fish
Authors: Oz Emel
Published: August 2020

The effects of fat content and charcoal types on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in various barbecued fish (trout, sea bream, seabass, salmon and shad) were investigated. Fish samples were also analysed in terms of fat content and fatty acid profile. Total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) contents reduced while the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) contents increased after barbecuing. Both fat content and charcoal type had an effect on the amount of PAHs and HAAs. The amounts of ∑PAHs ranged between 6.95 and 99.03 ng g−1 in barbecued fish. Notably, the highest amount of ∑PAHs was found in shad as well. The amounts of ∑HAAs ranged from non‐detectable levels to 2.29 ng g−1. The amounts of ∑PAHs and ∑HAAs were higher in samples barbecued with charcoal briquette compared to those barbecued with wood charcoal. Hence, we would suggest the use of wood charcoal in barbecuing.
Target price forecasts: The roles of the 52‐week high price and recent investor sentiment
Authors: Clarkson Peter , Nekrasov Alexander , Simon Andreas , Tutticci Irene
Published: August 2020

This paper reveals that in addition to fundamental factors, the 52‐week high price and recent investor sentiment play an important role in analysts’ target price formation. Analysts’ forecasts of short‐term earnings and long‐term earnings growth are shown to be important explanatory variables for target prices; equally, the 52‐week high price and recent investor sentiment are also shown to explain target price levels and especially target price biases. Our analysis additionally reveals that analysts place greater weight on these two non‐fundamental factors in settings with greater task complexity and to some extent in those with greater resource constraints. Conversely, on balance, the results suggest that this increased reliance does not translate into an increased impact per unit of each non‐fundamental factor on forecast bias. Finally, our results show that target prices are useful in predicting future stock returns beyond earnings forecasts and commonly used risk proxies. However, in an internally consistent fashion, the informativeness of target prices for future returns is significantly reduced when greater weight is placed on either the 52‐week high or recent investor sentiment in the target price formation process.
Dizziness during atrial antitachycardia pacing: What is the cause
Authors: Gianni Carola , Canby Robert C. , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Natale Andrea , Al‐Ahmad Amin
Published: August 2020

A 74‐year‐old with a history of sinus node dysfunction and intermittent AV block s/p permanent pacemaker implant 6 years prior, complains of one episode of dizziness.
Hsa_circ_0000345 regulates the cellular development of ASMCs in response to oxygenized low‐density lipoprotein
Authors: Liu Huifang , Ma Xiaowen , Wang Xin , Ma Xirui , Mao Ziming , Zhu Jing , Chen Fengling
Published: August 2020

The interaction between circRNAs and atherosclerosis has been extensively studied. However, more novel circRNAs need to be explored to help establish a perfect regulatory network. In the present research, hsa_circ_0000345 was demonstrated to regulate cellular development of oxygenized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐treated aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), which was closely related to the occurrence and progress of atherosclerosis. Ox‐LDL exposure remarkably decreased hsa_circ_0000345 expression in ASMCs. Transfection‐induced hsa_circ_0000345 overexpression activated cell viability (detected by an MTT assay) and restrained cellular apoptosis (analysed by flow cytometry) in the atherosclerosis cellular model. While down‐regulation of hsa_circ_0000345 reduced cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, the data of the cell cycle distribution analysis and trans‐well assay indicated that cell cycle progression was arrested at the G1 phase while cell invasion was enhanced in ASMCs following treatment of ox‐LDL in the context of hsa_circ_0000345 OE plasmids. In addition, up‐regulation of hsa_circ_0000345 supported HIF‐1α at both the mRNA and protein level, and down‐regulation of hsa_circ_0000345 reduced HIF‐1α expression. Overall, the above findings revealed that hsa_circ_0000345 was a dramatic regulator of ASMCs proliferation, apoptosis and invasion in response to ox‐LDL treatment. Hsa_circ_0000345 was identified as a protector of cell viability during ox‐LDL induced cell development.
Couple Adaptation to the Birth of a Child: The Roles of Attachment and Perfectionism
Authors: Gingras Anne‐Sophie , Lessard Isabelle , Mallette Frédéric , Brassard Audrey , Bernier‐Jarry Audrey , Gosselin Patrick , de Pierrepont Catherine
Published: August 2020

This study aims to examine two explanatory factors of relationship satisfaction and parental alliance among both parents of a new child, namely romantic attachment and perfectionism. A sample of 80 couples completed individual online questionnaires. Path analyses based on the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model were carried out to explore the actor and partner effects of each explanatory variable (attachment, perfectionism) on both partners’ postnatal relationship satisfaction and parental alliance. Results revealed that attachment avoidance is negatively related to each partner’s own relationship satisfaction and parental alliance, whereas attachment anxiety is related to their own lower parental alliance. Maladaptive perfectionism is negatively related to each partner’s own relationship satisfaction, whereas adaptive perfectionism is positively related to each partner’s own relationship satisfaction. These results extend the understanding of the factors contributing to parental and couple adaptation in the postnatal period. They highlight the role of attachment and perfectionism for improving postnatal professionals’ interventions.
Verification and characterisation of human digital Ruffini’s sensory corpuscles
Authors: Cobo Ramón , García‐Mesa Yolanda , Cárcaba Lucía , Martin‐Cruces José , Feito Jorge , García‐Suárez Olivia , Cobo Juan , García‐Piqueras Jorge , Vega José A.
Published: August 2020

Ruffini's corpuscles are present as long fusiform encapsulated sensory structures in different tissues including the skin. Although physiological analyses strongly suggest their existence in glabrous digital skin, such localisation remains unconfirmed. Here, we have investigated the occurrence of typical Ruffini's corpuscles in 372 sections of human digital skin obtained from 186 subjects of both sexes and different ages (19–92 years). S100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase and neurofilament proteins were detected, and the basic immunohistochemical profile of these corpuscles was analysed. Fewer than 0.3 Ruffini's corpuscles/mm2 were detected, with density distribution across the fingers being F4 > F3 > F2 > F1 > F5 and absolute values being F2 > F1 > F3 > F4 > F5. Axons displayed neuron‐specific enolase immunoreactivity, glial cells forming the core contained S100 protein, and the capsule was positive for CD34 but not Glut1, demonstrating an endoneurial origin. Present results demonstrate the existence of Ruffini's corpuscles in human glabrous digital skin at very low densities. Moreover, the identified Ruffini's corpuscles share the basic immunohistochemical characteristics of other dermal sensory corpuscles.
Palmatine attenuates LPS‐induced inflammatory response in mouse mammary epithelial cells through inhibiting ERK1/2, P38 and Akt/NF‐кB signalling pathways
Authors: Ma He , Zhang Yufei , Wang Jiaxin , Guo Wenjin , Hu Guiqiu , Xie Shengnan , Yang Zhanqing , Liu Juxiong , Fu Shoupeng
Published: August 2020

Palmatine has a wide range of pharmacological effects and anti‐inflammatory function. However, the effect of palmatine on LPS‐induced inflammatory response of mammary epithelial cells has not been reported. In this research, we studied the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of palmatine in EpH4‐Ev (mouse mammary epithelial cells). EpH4‐Ev cells were pre‐treated with palmatine and then incubated with LPS. Cells were collected for examining production of pro‐inflammatory mediators by qRT‐PCR, and the related inflammatory signalling pathway was detected through immunofluorescence and Western blot. The results found that palmatine could significantly reduce the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and COX‐2 in EpH4‐Ev cells. Research on mechanisms found that palmatine could significantly inhibit the protein levels of p‐Akt, p‐P65, p‐ERK1/2 and p‐P38 in EpH4‐Ev cells. In conclusion, these data suggested that palmatine inhibits inflammatory response in LPS‐induced EpH4‐Ev cells via down‐regulating Akt/ NF‐кB, ERK1/2 and P38 signalling pathways.
Skin lesion prevalence of estuarine common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in North Carolina, with comparisons to other east coast study sites
Authors: Taylor J. S. , Hart L. B. , Adams J.
Published: August 2020

Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are sentinels of environmental health. Skin lesions may indicate disease and can be used to infer population health. We estimated the prevalence of skin lesions and identified major lesion types on coastal bottlenose dolphins in Roanoke Sound, North Carolina, over a 3‐year period using photo‐identification. Boat‐based surveys were conducted from April 2012 through October 2014. High quality images of distinctive fins were examined for overall prevalence (P) of any skin lesion (n = 169, P = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.42–0.57). Lesion prevalence estimates varied little between years (2012 P = 0.45, 2013 P = 0.56, 2014 P = 0.52) and most lesions were observed in the spring (P = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.57–0.92). Of six lesion types examined, pale lesions were most common (P = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30–0.52). Annual lesion prevalence estimates for dolphins in Roanoke Sound were comparable to published estimates for T. truncatus in Charleston, South Carolina, Brunswick, Georgia, and Sarasota, Florida (p ≥ .05), although, seasonal differences in lesion occurrence and type were observed (p < .05). Future studies should examine relationships between lesions and environmental variables and use stranded dolphins to investigate skin lesion etiology.
Reticulon‐like properties of a plant virus‐encoded movement protein
Authors: Lazareva Ekaterina A. , Lezzhov Alexander A. , Chergintsev Denis A. , Golyshev Sergei A. , Dolja Valerian V. , Morozov Sergey Y. , Heinlein Manfred , Solovyev Andrey G.
Published: August 2020

Plant viruses encode movement proteins (MPs) that ensure the transport of viral genomes through plasmodesmata (PD) and use cell endomembranes, mostly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), for delivery of viral genomes to PD and formation of PD‐anchored virus replication compartments.

Here, we demonstrate that the Hibiscus green spot virus BMB2 MP, an integral ER protein, induces constrictions of ER tubules, decreases the mobility of ER luminal content, and exhibits an affinity to highly curved membranes. These properties are similar to those described for reticulons, cellular proteins that induce membrane curvature to shape the ER tubules. Similar to reticulons, BMB2 adopts a W‐like topology within the ER membrane.

BMB2 targets PD and increases their size exclusion limit, and these BMB2 activities correlate with the ability to induce constrictions of ER tubules. We propose that the induction of ER constrictions contributes to the BMB2‐dependent increase in PD permeability and formation of the PD‐associated replication compartments, therefore facilitating the virus intercellular spread.

Furthermore, we show that the ER tubule constrictions also occur in cells expressing TGB2, one of the three MPs of Potato virus X (PVX), and in PVX‐infected cells, suggesting that reticulon‐like MPs are employed by diverse RNA viruses.
Mildly Explosive Autoregression with Anti‐persistent Errors*
Authors: Lui Yiu Lim , Xiao Weilin , Yu Jun
Published: August 2020

An asymptotic distribution is derived for the least squares (LS) estimate of a first‐order autoregression with a mildly explosive root and anti‐persistent errors. While the sample moments depend on the Hurst parameter asymptotically, the Cauchy limiting distribution theory remains valid for the LS estimates in the model without intercept and a model with an asymptotically negligible intercept. Monte Carlo studies are designed to check the precision of the Cauchy distribution in finite samples. An empirical study based on the monthly NASDAQ index highlights the usefulness of the model and the new limiting distribution.
Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction and Rotator Cuff Repair to Restore Static and Dynamic Stability of the Shoulder
Authors: Alike Yamuhanmode , Hou Jing‐yi , Tang Yi‐yong , Yu Meng‐lei , Long Yi , Li Fang‐qi , Ali MaslahIdiris , Yuan Hao , Yang Rui
Published: August 2020

Objective

Treatment of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCT) has shown limited clinical success and a variety of subsequent complications. Superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) has been proved to reestablish superior stability but does not restore the dynamic force or shoulder kinematics. There are numerous reports of the short‐term failure of SCR grafts at the glenoid side, which relate to the non‐biological healing of grafts. To restore both dynamic and static stability and to provide biologic augmentation, an integrated procedure for massive irreparable RCT using an Achilles tendon–bone allograft (ATBA) was developed.

Method

This was a retrospect study completed between October 2019 and April 2020. A 71‐year‐old woman with massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears was enrolled in our study. The ATBA was folded into a double‐layer structure. The superior layer (proximal portion) served as a bridge patch to dynamic the glenohumeral joint, while the inferior layer (distal portion) served as the superior capsule to restore static stability of glenohumeral joint. To enhance biologic healing on the glenoid side, we fixed the calcaneus of the graft on the superior–posterior side of the superior glenoid rim. The recovery of shoulder function (including strength, range of motion, acromiohumeral interval, and fatty infiltration) was assessed at 6 months postoperation.

Result

At 6‐month follow‐up, the patient's strength had improved significantly (from abduction of grade 3 preoperatively to grade 4 at 6 months). Radiographic analysis showed an increase in the acromiohumeral interval from 3 to 7 mm. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intact graft, with the thickness of the ligament part maintained (at 6–7 mm). Most importantly, recovery of atrophy and fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus were observed. No graft tears were observed on the glenoid side.

Conclusion

This technique could provide a preferable treatment option by restoring shoulder kinematics and augmentating biological healing for patients with massive irreparable RCT.
Accrual Accounting and the Government's Intertemporal Budget Constraint
Authors: Irwin Timothy C.
Published: August 2020

In its standard form, the intertemporal budget constraint requires the present value of a government's future primary cash surpluses to be at least equal to the value of its outstanding debt. In an effort to help link accrual accounting to fiscal analysis, this paper shows how the constraint can also be expressed in terms of the surpluses and balance sheets of the accrual‐based accounts and fiscal statistics that are increasingly supplementing and sometimes replacing traditional cash‐only accounting.
Reducing the Generosity and Increasing the Conditionality of Welfare Benefits for People with Disability: “Turning the Supertanker” or “Squeezing the Balloon”?*
Authors: Broadway Barbara , McVicar Duncan
Published: August 2020

We compare outcomes of disability benefit applicants before and after a major Australian reform of disability benefits, with two groups of applicants who fulfilled the same medical impairment criteria accepted or rejected based only on application date. The reform reduced the generosity and increased the conditionality of welfare payments by shifting partially disabled claimants from disability benefits to unemployment benefits. This led to increases in the probability not only of switching out of unemployment benefits on to alternative benefits, but also of exiting welfare altogether. However, because those who exited had a higher probability of subsequently returning to welfare, the reform had no impact on the proportion receiving welfare 12 or 24 months later.
Jobs Multipliers: Evidence from a Large Fiscal Stimulus in Spain*
Authors: Alloza Mario , Sanz Carlos
Published: August 2020

We estimate the unemployment effects of a large fiscal stimulus in Spain (Plan Español para el Estímulo de la Economía y el Empleo, the Spanish Plan for the Stimulus of the Economy and Employment, commonly known as Plan E), in which the national government transferred funds to municipalities to carry out local investment projects. Using a difference‐in‐difference approach by exploiting variation in the timing of the execution of projects across municipalities, we find that 100,000 euros of stimulus reduced unemployment by 0.74 job‐years. We allow for possible spatial effects (i.e., the propagation of the stimulus to neighboring municipalities), and we find that these are sizable, representing 13.8 percent of the “local” effect. Our estimate of the multiplier falls in the lower range of previous work.
Lethal acute hemorrhage from an aortoesophageal fistula following endoscopy‐assisted esophageal foreign body removal in a dog
Authors: Rimer Dar , Lerman Omer , Klainbart Sigal , Nivy Ran
Published: August 2020

Objective

To describe the clinical presentation of a dog with fatal hemorrhage from an aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) immediately following endoscopic removal of an osseous esophageal foreign body.

Case Summary

A 12‐year‐old, male mixed‐breed dog presented to a university hospital with a 6‐day history of gagging, hematemesis, and anorexia. Physical examination upon arrival was unremarkable. Blood work revealed leukocytosis without anemia. Thoracic radiographs from the referring veterinarian demonstrated the presence of an osseous esophageal foreign body at the level of the heart base. Subsequently, esophagoscopy was performed under general anesthesia. A triangular‐shaped, osseous esophageal foreign body was visualized at the level of the heart base and successfully removed. Following its removal, a deep, nonbleeding, presumably nonperforated, esophageal ulcer was revealed. While recovering from anesthesia, the dog's condition acutely deteriorated, with absence of spontaneous respiration, severe tachycardia, hypotension, white‐pale mucous membranes, and hypothermia. Severe anemia was present, with hypovolemic shock likely secondary to acute, postprocedural bleeding. Medical management included rapid packed red blood cell transfusion, crystalloid fluid therapy, and tranexamic acid. Despite initial stabilization, several hours later, the dog suffered cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was unsuccessful. At postmortem examination, a 1‐mm AEF was identified on the ventral aspect of the aorta that communicated with the overlying esophagus.

New or Unique Information Provided

Aortoesophageal fistulas should be considered in any patient with severe bleeding following esophagoscopy. A history of hematemesis in a dog with an esophageal foreign body should raise suspicion of an AEF and dictate case management accordingly.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: August 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 9 Daniel Shorkend, University of the People Wizo School of Design, IsraelJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USAMaria Rosa M. Prado, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, BrazilMary Sciaraffa, Eastern Kentucky University, USANiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USAThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandVeronica Velasco Gonzalez, University of Valladolid, SpainRobert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Elasto-Plastic Impact on Auxetic/Metal Foams
Authors: Kumar N. , Khaderi S. N. , Tirumala Rao K.
Published: August 2020

We investigate the normal impact of a rigid sphere on a half-space of elasto-plastic auxetic/metal foam using the finite element method. The dependence of the coefficient of restitution, peak force, maximum displacement, and contact duration on the yield strain, impact velocity, and elastic and plastic Poisson’s ratio is analyzed. For a given elastic Poisson’s ratio, the coefficient of restitution generally decreases with an increase in the plastic Poisson’s ratio and impact velocity. When the plastic Poisson’s is maintained constant, the coefficient of restitution increases with an increase of the elastic Poisson’s ratio. These trends are explained using plastic energy dissipation. The energy dissipation trends are further investigated by decomposing it into deviatoric and hydrostatic parts. For a given impact velocity, the peak force is relatively insensitive to most of the elastic and plastic Poisson’s ratio combinations. We also show that for the cases where the elastic and plastic Poisson’s ratios are equal, the coefficient of restitution is relatively insensitive to their actual values. These findings can guide researchers to identify the right elastic and plastic Poisson’s ratio combinations so that lattice materials with exceptional energy absorbing capacity can be designed using topology optimization.
Wireless Cyber-Physical System Performance Evaluation Through a Graph Database Approach
Authors: Kashef Mohamed , Liu Yongkang , Montgomery Karl , Candell Richard
Published: August 2020

Despite the huge efforts to deploy wireless communications technologies in smart manufacturing scenarios, some manufacturing sectors are still slow to massive adoption. This slowness of widespread adoption of wireless technologies in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is partly due to not fully understanding the detailed impact of wireless deployment on the physical processes especially in the cases that require low latency and high reliability communications. In this article, we introduce an approach to integrate wireless network traffic data and physical processes data to evaluate the impact of wireless communications on the performance of a manufacturing factory work cell. The proposed approach is introduced through the discussion of an engineering use case. A testbed that emulates a robotic manufacturing factory work cell is constructed using two collaborative-grade robot arms, machine emulators, and wireless communication devices. All network traffic data are collected and physical process data, including the robots and machines states and various supervisory control commands, is also collected and synchronized with the network data. The data are then integrated where redundant data are removed and correlated activities are connected in a graph database. A data model is proposed, developed, and elaborated; the database is then populated with events from the testbed, and the resulting graph is presented. Query commands are then presented as a means to examine and analyze network performance and relationships within the components of the network. Moreover, we detail the way by which this approach is used to study the impact of wireless communications on the physical processes and illustrate the impact of various wireless network parameters on the performance of the emulated manufacturing work cell. This approach can be deployed as a building block for various descriptive and predictive wireless analysis tools for CPS.
Application of the Bilateral Filter for the Reconstruction of Spiral Bevel Gear Tooth Surfaces From Point Clouds
Authors: Gonzalez-Perez Ignacio , Guirao-Saura Pedro L. , Fuentes-Aznar Alfonso
Published: August 2020

Reconstruction of gear tooth surfaces from point clouds obtained by noncontact metrology machines constitutes a promising step forward not only for a fast gear inspection but also for reverse engineering and virtual testing and analysis of gear drives. In this article, a new methodology to reconstruct spiral bevel gear tooth surfaces from point clouds obtained by noncontact metrology machines is proposed. The need of application of a filtering process to the point clouds before the process of reconstruction of the gear tooth surfaces has been revealed. Hence, the bilateral filter commonly used for 3D object recognition has been applied and integrated in the proposed methodology. The shape of the contact patterns and the level of the unloaded functions of transmission errors are considered as the criteria to select the appropriate settings of the bilateral filter. The results of the tooth contact analysis of the reconstructed gear tooth surfaces show a good agreement with the design ones. However, stress analyses performed with reconstructed gear tooth surfaces reveal that the maximum level of contact pressures is overestimated. A numerical example based on a spiral bevel gear drive is presented.
Energy Recovery From Composite Acetate Polymer-Biomass Wastes via Pyrolysis and CO2-Assisted Gasification
Authors: Li Jinhu , Burra Kiran G. , Wang Zhiwei , Liu Xuan , Kerdsuwan Somrat , Gupta Ashwani K.
Published: August 2020

Discarded cigarette butts contain polymers, biomass, and a variety of toxins that cause an adverse effect to the human health and environment for years. The cigarette residuals are not recyclable and often get mixed with other kinds of wastes so that much of this waste ends up in landfills. This study investigates the safe disposal of cigarette butts by the thermochemical pathways using pyrolysis and gasification. Mass loss during its thermal decomposition was examined first using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The effect of temperature on the pyrolysis and CO2-assisted gasification was then conducted using a semi-batch reactor with a focus on the flowrate of total syngas and its gas components. Syngas yield, energy recovery, as well as energy efficiency were calculated and compared. The effect of temperature on the CO2 consumption during the gasification process was also examined. The thermal decomposition of cellulose acetate, tar, and wrapping paper were the main contributors during the pyrolysis of cigarette butt. However, the gasification process mainly consisted of the pyrolysis, cracking, and reforming reactions in the gas phase and gasification of char derived from wrapping paper. An increase in temperature enhanced the syngas flowrate, syngas yield, and gas efficiency while decreasing the char yield and reaction time for both the processes. Energy recovery from gasification was higher than pyrolysis due to added CO generation. The maximum syngas energy of 13.0 kJ/g under the gasification condition at 1223 K was 67.2% higher as compared with the pyrolysis. High temperature strongly affected the gasification reaction, while it was negligible at a temperature lower than 1023 K. Complete conversion occurred during gasification at 1223 K that provided only ash residue. The CO2 gasification of cigarette butts provided an effective pathway to utilize 0.5 g CO2/g feedstock at 1223 K to form valuable CO by the Boudouard reaction. Compared with the gasification of other solid wastes, syngas energy yield from cigarette butts was found to be higher than syngas from polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate. These results support the effectiveness of thermochemical pathways in the rapid conversion of cigarette butts to valuable syngas along with CO2 utilization.
Rotational Low-Impedance Physical Human–Robot Interaction Using Underactuated Redundancy
Authors: Audet Julien M. , Gosselin Clément
Published: August 2020

This paper extends the concept of underactuated redundancy for physical human–robot interaction (pHRI) in a context of industrial assembly by introducing a novel 1-dof gravity balanced rotational manipulator. The proposed architecture consists of a rotational active counterweight with a passive joint equipped with an encoder. The proposed architecture is first described, and the static equilibrium conditions are used to describe the operation of the mechanism. Then, alternative architectures are briefly introduced. Finally, an experimental validation is provided to demonstrate the viability of the concept for rotational low impedance pHRI.