bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conduite de la reproduction en grands troupeaux laitiers dans les conditions marocaines. II. Reprise de l'activité cyclique post-partum
Authors: Lakhdissi H. , Haddada B. , Lahlou Kassi A. , Thibier M.
Published: August 2022

La présente étude se rapporte à 158 vaches laitières de race Holstein entretenues dans deux grandes unités laitières. Elle vise à étudier en période de jours courts (septembre à mars) la reprise après vêlage, de l’activité cyclique estimée soit d’après l’observation des chaleurs, soit selon l’élévation de la progestéronémie plasmatique. La seule observation des chaleurs est apparue inadéquate pour estimer le délai de cette reprise. En revanche, l’évaluation des concentrations de progestérone montre que 50 % des femelles ont recouvré leur activité cyclique 30 jours post-partum et 90 % 60 jours post-partum. La majorité d’anœstrus rencontrés au cours des 2e et 3e mois post-partum, correspond donc à un anœstrus cyclique et non à un anœstrus vrai (10 % environ au soixantième jour). La production laitière quotidienne, comprise entre 12 et 22 kg exerce une influence significative sur cette reprise, mais en revanche, ni la variation pondérale (estimée par le tour de poitrine) ni l’infection utérine post-partum n’exercent d’effet sur celle-ci. La précocité de la détection des chaleurs et non pas celle de la reprise de l’activité cyclique influence favorable­ ment le délai de fécondation. Les conditions d’environnement marocaines en jours courts ne semblent pas modifier la physiologie sexuelle post-partum des vaches laitières. Il demeure néanmoins un problème zootechnique crucial, celui d’une détection satisfaisante des chaleurs.
Epizootiologie des infections à herpèsvirus chez les ruminants sauvages. 1. Le virus de la rhinotrachéite infectieuse bovine et les virus antigéniquement apparentés
Authors: Thiry Etienne , Meersschaert C. , Pastoret Paul-Pierre
Published: August 2022

Cette revue présente les infections des ruminants sauvages par cinq herpèsvirus antigéniquement apparentés : le virus de la rhinotrachéite infectieuse bovine (bovine herpesvirus 1), l’herpèsvirus de la chèvre (caprine herpesvirus 2), l’herpèsvirus de type 1 des cervidés et les herpèsvirus isolés chez le renne (Rangifer tarandus) et le buffle de l’Inde (Bubalus arnee). Le spectre de réceptivité de chaque herpèsvirus est détaillé, ainsi que les relations biologiques qu’ils entretiennent avec les espèces de ruminants sensibles.
Le parasitisme digestif dans les systèmes d’élevage bovin traditionnel en Guadeloupe. 1. Enquête globale
Authors: Salas Michel , Sheikboudou Christian
Published: August 2022

Dans le cadre d’une étude sur les systèmes d’élevage bovin traditionnel guadeloupéen, des expérimentations ont été menées en vue de préciser l’importance et le niveau des parasitoses digestives. Deux séries de prélèvements de fèces (respectivement 278 et 299) ont été réalisées en fin de saison sèche et fin de saison des pluies. Les facteurs liés à l’environnement (zone géographique, saison, mode d’élevage...) ont été pris en considération pour l’analyse des résultats. Les analyses coprologiques sont essentiellement d’ordre quantitatif; le traitement des données épidémiologiques recueillies a été effectué à l’aide de méthodes d’analyse multidimensionnelle. Les résultats montrent que le niveau du parasitisme digestif chez ces bovins (dominé par les strongyloses) est relativement bas. Les facteurs liés à l’animal sont nettement prépondérants par rapport aux facteurs liés à l’environnement; l’âge des animaux (suivi par le sexe et l’état physiologique des vaches) est la principale variable explicative. En conclusion les auteurs insistent sur deux points principaux. La lutte contre les parasitoses digestives devra être orientée essentiellement vers des animaux à « haut risque » : jeunes de moins d’un an, vaches allaitantes, mâles à l’engraissement. Les problèmes posés par le parasitisme digestif dans ces systèmes d’élevage bovin restent secondaires par rapport aux problèmes liés à l’alimentation, à la reproduction et à l’amélioration génétique du cheptel.
Performances de reproduction et de production laitière de la race Frisonne-Holstein en Egypte
Authors: Ahmed Moharram A.
Published: August 2022

Les données de reproduction et de production laitière de 257 vaches de race Frisonne-Holstein européenne importées en Égypte ont été étudiées pendant cinq ans dans une station d’élevage bovin en Alexandrie. Au total 826 lactations ont été analysées. L’âge moyen au premier vêlage est de 25,0 ± 0,15 mois. L’intervalle vêlage-fécondation est de 98,5 ± 1,1 jours et l’intervalle vêlage-vêlage est de 381,9 ± 1,4 jours en moyenne. La durée de lactation est en moyenne de 299,6 ± 1,1 jours; la quantité moyenne de lait en 305 jours est de 4 571 ± 48 kg; la durée moyenne de tarissement est de 61,7 ± 0,4 jours ; le taux butyreux moyen est de 3,49 ± 0,1 % ; la quantité de matières grasses est de 153,5 ± 1,7 kg en moyenne et le taux azoté moyen est de 3,34 ± 0,1 %. Les résultats obtenus servent de base à une sélection visant à l’accroissement sensible des performances laitières du troupeau.
Apparition du botulisme type-C chez les poulets de chair au Nigeria
Authors: Okoye J.O.A.
Published: August 2022

Un élevage de poulets de chair âgés de 8 semaines a soudainement montré des si es de coma, de paralysie des pattes et d’extension du cou. L’autopsie n’a révélé qu’une légère entérite. Des souris inoculées avec le sérum de ces oiseaux infectés sont mortes dans la nuit, tandis que celles qui avaient reçu de l’antitoxine Clostridium botulinum type-C sont restées apparemment saines. Par conséquent, le diagnostic du botulisme type-C a été porté. Des foyers de cette maladie sont rarement signalés tant au Nigeria que dans d’autres pays africains.
Eco-Anxiety:Right to Healthy Environment
Authors: Idris Siti Hafsyah , Nasution Norjannah
Published: August 2022

Eco-anxiety' as a concept is relatively new and has received media attention recently, even though the feeling has probably existed for some time. People who are depressed and lose control when thinking about the impact of human activity on the planet, such as climate change. Climate change is an actual dimension into their mental-health problems, which is not medically recognised or defined. This is normative legal research. The data were consolidated and examined using the legal norm method, which uses qualitative legal analysis, logic, and argumentation. This paper reviewed the literature on eco-anxiety and its legal implications. Environmental and health law continues to be separate bodies of international law, even though the right to health is intertwined with the right to a healthy environment. A right to a clean and healthy environment should explicitly include the right to health-physically and mentally. Priority should be given to greening public health infrastructure, such as mental health facilities, as part of eco-anxiety recovery plans to support the emergence of the environmental impact on mental health and the country's mental health promotion and prevention efforts to serve their needs better.
Civil Society’s Contributions and Challenges in the Development of Business and Human Rights Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyu Wagiman  , Mutia Salsabila
Published: August 2022

Civil society greatly contributes to encouraging the adoption of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) into practice and legislation in Indonesia. This contribution can be seen from the various policies and actions taken by the Indonesian government in referring to the UNGPs when forming policies related to human rights or the operation of companies in Indonesia. This research aims to serve as a database and as consideration for civil society in Indonesia to advocate for business and human rights issues, especially the issues related to actions taken by civil society to influence Indonesian governmental policies and the challenges faced by civil society. As such, civil society will be able to measure the urgency of intervention in policymaking related to business and human rights. This research was conducted using qualitative and comparative approaches. The qualitative approach was carried out through studies of literature, both primary and secondary. The comparative approach aimed to analyse and compare two or more objects based on a theoretical framework. The comparison results can be in the form of similarities or differences in the aspects studied. This research process pays attention to certain sensitive contexts that require a context-sensitive approach.
Infecção por COVID-19 em pacientes da lista de espera para transplante renal
Authors: Silva Hanna Gadelha , Campos Jessika Brenda Rafael , Day Thayná Cândido , Pereira Rosiane Araújo , Oliveira Claudia Maria Costa de , Cerdeira Denilson de Queiroz , Aguiar Maria Isis Freire de
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Identificar aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos da infecção por COVID-19 em pacientes da lista de espera para transplante renal. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo, observacional, transversal, realizado com 46 pacientes com COVID-19 (93,8% dos pacientes com teste positivo), acompanhados no ambulatório de transplante renal de um hospital universitário em Fortaleza – CE . A coleta foi realizada em dezembro de 2020 por prontuários e entrevista semiestruturada e análise pelo programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Resultados: A maioria apresentou hipertensão (72%) e diabetes (26%). A transmissão mais frequente foi a nosocomial (63%). O modo de diagnóstico predominante foi o RT-PCR (46%). Os sintomas foram: febre (65%), anosmia (64%), digeusia (57%), adinamia (50%), tosse seca (46%), inapetência (43%), dispneia (39%) e mialgia (39%). O monitoramento mais frequente foi o domiciliar (63%), seguido do internamento em enfermaria (30%) e internamento em UTI (7%). O tempo médio de internação foi de 9,11 dias. A maior idade se mostrou significativamente associada ao aumento de dias de internamento. Quanto ao desfecho, 93% tiveram cura e 7% foram a óbito. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram semelhança do perfil sociodemográfico e clínico em comparação com os dados da população em diálise. Contudo, a mortalidade encontrada foi maior que a demonstrada na população geral.
The Benefits of Using Fairy Tales in EFL Classrooms
Authors: Simon Michael P.
Published: August 2022

Use of authentic literature is nothing new to English language classrooms. Teachers who wish to diversify their material and create more engagement with English content have turned to literature as a means to meet this goal. However, fairy tales have often been ignored due to prejudices that either teachers or students have based on modern adaptations of fairy tale content. This paper aims to present the benefits of incorporating fairy tales into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms by showing their value in a cultural and linguistic context. The article reports the overall gains found in using authentic literature in English courses, narrowing in scope to concentrate on fairy tales in particular. After giving a broad description of how fairy tale conventions increase engagement and understanding in English classes, a deeper look into the cultural and linguistic features is added. It is hoped that teachers looking for more options in material selection will find this article useful for justification in using fairy tales in EFL classrooms.
Fund-level Investor Sentiment and Mean-variance Relation: Evidence From Singapore-listed ETFs
Authors: Hu Feiyuan
Published: August 2022

This paper tests the influences of fund-level sentiment on the mean-variance relation in ETF market. We find that in low (high)-sentiment periods, the expected excess return is positively (negatively) related to the conditional variances. Sentiment traders undermine the otherwise positive risk-return tradeoff and even twist it into a negative one in high-sentiment periods. The impact of sentiment is stronger during the global pandemic.
Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana pada Kista Ovarium: Literature Review
Authors:   Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Suryoadji Kemal Akbar , Fauzi Ahmad ,   Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Ridwan Alifaturrasyid Syafaatullah ,   Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Kusuma Fitriyadi ,   Divisi Onkologi Ginekologi, Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
Published: August 2022

Kista ovarium adalah pertumbuhan jaringan abnormal berbentuk kantong yang berisi air pada sekitar ovarium. Kista ovarium membutuhkan penegakkan diagnosis secara menyeluruh berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang termasuk modalitas radiologi berdasarkan USG, CT Scan, dan MRI. Setelah diagnosis ditegakkan selanjutnya dilakukan penatalaksanaan pada pada kista ovarium yang terbagi atas observasi dan operasi dengan menyesuaikan kondisi pasien.
A New Perspective on Hydrogen Chloride Scavenging at High Temperatures for Reducing the Smoke Acidity of PVC Cables in Fires. I: An Overview of the Theory, Test Methods, and the European Union Regulatory Status
Authors: Sarti Gianluca
Published: August 2022

In the European Union, according to the second basic requirement for construction works of Regulation (EU) n. 305/2011, cables permanently installed in residential and public buildings must be classified in terms of reaction to fire, smoke production, flaming droplets, and acidity. The classification is harmonized; nevertheless, every European Union country decides what kind of classification a cable must have to be installed in a specific location, depending on its fire risk, following the assumption that the higher the fire risk of the area, the higher the fire performance of the cable. According to Regulation (EU) n. 305/2011, the acidity is indirectly assessed by performing EN 60754-2, giving an additional class based on pH and conductivity measurements. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is one of the gases PVC cables release when they burn. In some applications out of the scope of the Regulation, acid scavengers are commonly used in special-grade PVC compounds to reduce the emission of acidic smoke. In this first part of the paper, the European rules on smoke acidity are presented, a review of the literature on HCl scavenging is performed, and an introduction on HCl scavenging at high temperatures is outlined. The paper shows how different experimental conditions and geometries of the test apparatuses used for assessing the smoke acidity can affect the emission of HCl in the gas phase and what critical issues affect the efficiency of acid scavengers at high temperatures in trapping HCl.
Towards Modeling and Predicting the Yield of Oilseed Crops: Multi-Machine Learning Techniques Approach
Authors: Parsaeian Mahdieh , Rahimi Mohammad , Rohani Abbas , Lawson Shaneka S.
Published: August 2022

The modeling and prediction of crop seed yield can be a vital improvement in the precision agriculture industry as it provides reliable assessments of the effectiveness of agro-traits. Here, multiple machine learning (ML) techniques are established for predicting sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed yield (SSY) and incorporating agro-morphological features. Models utilized for coupled PCA-ML (Principal component analysis-Machine Learning) methods were compared with original ML models to evaluate predicted efficiency. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) and Radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) models exhibited the most accurate SSY predictions with determination coefficients or R2 values of 0.99 and 0.91, respectively. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the ML models fluctuated between 0 to 0.30 t/ha (metric tons/hectare) for the varied modeling process phases. Estimation of sesame seed yield with coupled PCA-ML models improved performance accuracy. The K-fold process suggested the utilization of datasets with the lowest error rates to ensure the continued accuracy of GPR and RBF models. Sensitivity analysis revealed the capsule number per plant (CPP), seed number per capsule (SPC), and 1000-seed weight (TSW) were the most significant seed yield determinants.
A Novel Piggyback Strategy for mRNA Delivery Exploiting Adenovirus Entry Biology
Authors: Lee Myungeun , Rice-Boucher Paul J. , Collins Logan Thrasher , Wagner Ernst , Aulisa Lorenzo , Hughes Jeffrey , Curiel David T
Published: August 2022

Molecular therapies exploiting mRNA vectors embody enormous potential, as evidenced by the utility of this technology for the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. None-the-less, broad implementation of these promising strategies has been restricted by the limited repertoires of delivery vehicles capable of mRNA transport. On this basis, we explored a strategy based on exploiting the well characterized entry biology of adenovirus. To this end, we studied an adenovirus-polylysine (AdpL) that embodied “piggyback” transport of the mRNA on the capsid exterior of adenovirus. We hypothesized that the efficient steps of Ad binding, receptor-mediated entry, and capsid-mediated endosome escape could provide an effective pathway for transport of mRNA to the cellular cytosol for transgene expression. Our studies confirmed that AdpL could mediate effective gene transfer of mRNA vectors in vitro and in vivo. Facets of this method may offer key utilities to feasibilize the promise of mRNA-based therapeutics.
Viral Detection of Suspected Sporadic Mumps in Gwangju, South Korea in 2021
Authors: Mun Jeongeun , Kim Sun-Hee , Park Jung wook , Park Ji-Su , Park Su Jung , Lee Seung Hun , Seo Jin Jong , Chung Yoon-Seok
Published: August 2022

Mumps is the second-most reported infectious disease in South Korea; however, due to the low pathogen confirmation rate in laboratory diagnoses, we proposed a method for reevaluating the high incidence rate via the laboratory verification of other viral diseases. In 2021, 63 cases of pharyngeal or cheek mucosal swabs of suspected mumps cases in Gwangju, South Korea, were assessed for causative pathogens using massive simultaneous pathogen testing (TaqManTM Array Cards). More than one respiratory virus was detected in 60 cases (95.2%), 44 (73.3%) of which were co-detected. Human rhinovirus was detected in 47 cases, followed by human herpesvirus (HHV)6 in 30; HHV4 (17), human bocavirus (17), HHV5 (10), and human parainfluenza virus 3 (6) were also detected. Our findings suggest the need for further investigations on the pathogenesis of diseases mimicking mumps, which are considered to aid with appropriate public health responses, treatment, and the prevention of infectious disease outbreaks.
Prediction of Bay of Bengal Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm "Fani” Using Moving Nested Domain
Authors: Singh Kuvar Satya , Nayak Sridhara , Maity Suman , Nayak Hara Prasad , Dutta Soma
Published: August 2022

The prediction of an extremely severe cyclonic storm (ESCS) is one of the challenging issues due to increasing intensity and its life period. In this study, an ESCS Fani that developed over Bay of Bengal region during 27 April - 4May, 2019 and made landfall over Odisha coast of India is investigated to forecast the storm track, intensity and structure. Two numerical experiments (changing two air-sea flux parameterization schemes; namely FLUX-1 and FLUX-2) are conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) model by using a moving nest with fine horizontal resolution about 3 km. The high resolution (25 km) NCEP operational Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis and forecast datasets are used to derive the initial and boundary conditions, the ARW model initialized at 00 UTC 29 April 2019 and forecasted for 108 hours. The forecasted track and intensity of Fani is validated with available India Meteorological Department (IMD) best-fit track datasets. Result shows that the track, landfall (position and time) and intensity in terms of minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) and maximum surface wind (MSW) of the storm is well predicted in the moving nested domain of the WRF model using FLUX-1 experiment. The track forecast errors on day-1 to day-4 are ~ 47 km, 123 km, 96 km, and 27 km in FLUX-1 and ~54 km, 142 km, 152 km and 166 km in Flux-2 respectively. The intensity is better predicted in FLUX-1 during the first 60 h followed by FLUX -2 for the remaining period. The structure in terms of relative humidity, water vapor, maximum reflectivity and temperature anomaly of the storm is also discussed and compared with available satellite and Doppler Weather Radar observations.
Integrated Sustainable Agriculture To Realize Biodiversity-Based Food and Energy Sovereignty
Authors: Pujiasmanto Bambang , Setyaningrum Desy
Published: August 2022

Sustainable agriculture is the management and conservation of natural resources, oriented to technological and institutional changes carried out in such a way as to ensure the fulfillment and satisfaction of human needs in a sustainable manner for present and future generations. Food independence is the ability of the state and nation to produce diverse food from within the country which can ensure the fulfillment of sufficient food needs. Basically the food must be available at all times and to be able to meet the criteria for food security. Food availability is determined by 3 main aspects, namely production (quantity), distribution (accessibility), and consumption (nutritious and safe). In addition, renewable energy can come from agricultural materials. The energy crisis that occurs today is caused by an imbalance in the demand for energy that continues to increase with energy supply that is dependent on non-renewable fossil fuels, such as oil, coal and natural gas. This dependence is a serious threat to the world because of the known depletion of petroleum reserves, the instability of oil prices, and the pollution of greenhouse gases due to the burning of fossil fuels. The energy crisis will result in losses, both material and immaterial, such as loss of investor and consumer confidence, hampered creativity, inefficiency, and the risk of social unrest. The solution that is usually offered to overcome the energy crisis that occurs is the development and use of alternative energy sources, one of which is biofuels or biofuels.
DIVERSITY OF SAPODILLA (ACHRAS ZAPOTA L.) GROWTH FROM WONOGIRI AND BOJONEGORO IN DIFFERENT AGE OF TRANSPLANTATION SEED
Authors: Yuniastuti Endang , Agung Muhammad , Parjanto Parjanto
Published: August 2022

Most farmers determine the cutting of air layer seed in a corp through the amount of the growing roots from air layer itself. The roots can be an indicator of air layer cutting method in a corp. The roots, which are too old or too young, grow less optimal in the air layer seed after being transferred into another cultivated medium. It is necessary to have knowledge about the precise age of air layer cutting so that the vegetative propagation by using air layer can be performed accurately and efficiently. The treatment that is executed is the age of air layer and the corps accession. The result of this research indicates that the effect of the difference air layer age on plant growth is at the age of emerging buds, aged 180 Day is treated with the age of the fastest emerging shoots. The growth of Bojonegoro air layer plants results that does not differ with Wonogiri air layer plants. There is no interaction between air layer age with sapodilla accession on plant growth.
The Effect of Dosage and Frequency of Leri Water Spraying on Phalaenopsis Fuller's Pink Stripe Orchid Growth of Aclimatisation
Authors: Hartati Sri , Cahyono Ongko
Published: August 2022

The phalaenopsis hybrid has become an economically important flower in the horticultural sector. Phalaenopsis Fuller's Pink Stripe Orchid is a hybrid orchid resulting from a cross between Phalaenopsis Fuller's Pink Swallow and Phalaenopsis Fullers Black Stripe. Rice washing water (leri) is a residue that accumulates when washing rice. This residue is usually thrown away when it is actually rich in various organic and mineral compounds. Waste that is wasted in vain can be used as nutrients for the growth of orchid plants. This research was conducted to study the effect of dose and frequency of leri water spraying on the growth of Phalaenopsis Fuller's Pink Stripe orchid at the vegetative stage. This study consisted of 10 treatments, namely giving 5 ml of water every 2 days (L1), 10 ml every 2 days (L2), 15 ml every 2 days (L3), 5 ml every 4 days (L4). a dose of 10 ml every 4 days (L5), a dose of 15 ml every 4 days (L6), a dose of 5 ml every 6 days (L7), a dose of 10 ml every 6 days (L8), a dose of 15 ml every 6 days (L9), and control treatment (L0). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Based on the results of the study, it are often all over that there's no important interaction between the dose and also the frequency of administration of Leri water on the growth and performance of the Phalaenopsis Fuller's Pink Stripe.

Keywords: Rice Wash Water, Phalaenopsis Fuller's Pink Stripe, vegetative growth
EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION FACTORS USED IN CARROT (Daucus carota) FARMING
Authors: Suswadi Suswadi , Prasetyo Agung , Nurlarasati Dewi Gesang
Published: August 2022

The farmers' income is uncertain in Boyolali following the unstable weather. This study aims to know the factors that affect the production of carrots and the efficiency level of production factors in carrot farming. The method used in this research was the survey method that was performed in the Argo Ayuningtani Farmer Group, Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. The respondent was determined by observation of as many as 30 carrot farmers. The collected data were in the form of primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained from literature studies and studies of other institutions that related to this research. Data were analyzed using quantitative analysis using the Cobb Douglass model. The results of the study found that several factors that simultaneously affected the productivity of carrot farming were the total area of land (X1), labor (X2), seeds (X3), organic fertilizer (X4), fertilizer Za (X5) used by farmers. The number of seeds is the most influential production factor in the productivity of the Argo Ayuningtani Farmer Group, Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACISTS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV IN TWO NIGERIAN TEACHING HOSPITALS
Authors: ISAH Abdulmuminu , ABUBAKAR Mustapha Muhammed , IGBOELI Nneka Uchenna , IBEZIM Isaac Chijioke , IBENEKWU Chisom Sandra
Published: August 2022

Background: The pharmacological component of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services involves the provision of antiretroviral agents (ARVs) to the mothers and/or their babies at any stage of pregnancy. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Pharmacists about PMTCT. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among consenting Pharmacists at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH). Completed questionnaires were collated and analyzed using SPSS Version-25 with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. P-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 77 Pharmacists participated in the study, with 54(70.13%) being from ABUTH. In ABUTH, 15(33.3%) Pharmacists identified as being females, against 16(69.6%) in UNTH. Majority (40,95.2%) of the Pharmacists in ABUTH had less than 10 years working experience as against 8(34.8%) in UNTH. Forty-eight (88.9%) respondents knew the correct meaning of PMTCT. The Pharmacists in ABUTH and UNTH had mean knowledge scores of 58.70±2.88% and 52.17±6.19%, respectively; t(75)=1.094, p=0.760. In ABUTH and UNTH, 16(69.6%) and 22(42.3%) Pharmacists, respectively, strongly agreed that PMTCT can prevent future infections in the infants. Their mean attitude scores were 69.65±1.22% (ABUTH) and 74.09±1.68% (UNTH); t(73)=-2.063, p=0.487. For practice, 4(5.33%) Pharmacists in both hospitals very often dispensed PMTCT drugs, while 37(70.83%) counseled PMTCT treatment-naïve patients. Conclusion: The Pharmacists assessed in both hospitals had a fair knowledge of PMTCT services. Their attitudes to PMTCT was very good, although only a few of them had experience in providing care for PMTCT patients.
PROSPECTS OF LASSA FEVER CANDIDATE VACCINES
Authors: ADEMUSIRE Babatunde Isaac , WIECZOREK Karolina Maria , ALONGE Aishat Temitope , RAJEN Anuska , EGBE Joanne , ADEBAMBO Deborah , OFFORBUIKE Chiamaka Bianca , TROJAN Filip , PRZYPAŚNIAK Zofia , ODUGUWA Ifeoluwa , OMITOYIN Oluwafernami , BALOGUN Toluwalo Grace
Published: August 2022

Background: Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease caused by the Lassa virus (LASV). It is endemic in West Africa and infects about 300,000 people each year, leading to approximately 5000 deaths annually. The development of the LASV vaccine has been listed as a priority by the World Health Organization since 2018. Considering the accelerated development and availability of vaccines against COVID-19, we set out to assess the prospects of LASV vaccines and the progress made so far. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the progress made on twenty-six vaccine candidates listed by Salami et al. (2019) and searched for new vaccine candidates through Google Scholar, PubMed, and DOAJ from June to July 2021. We searched the articles published in English using keywords that included “vaccine” AND “Lassa fever” OR “Lassa virus” in the title/abstract. Results: Thirty-four candidate vaccines were identified – 26 already listed in the review by Salami et al. and an additional 8, which were developed over the last seven years. 30 vaccines are still in the pre-clinical stage while 4 of them are currently undergoing clinical trials. The most promising candidates in 2019 were vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored vaccine and live-attenuated MV/LASV vaccine; both had progressed to clinical trials. Conclusions: Despite the focus on COVID-19 vaccines since 2020, LASV vaccine is under development and continues to make impressive progress, hence more emphasis should be put into exploring further clinical studies related to the most promising types of vaccines identified.
Catanionic Surfactants for Improving Oil Production in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Xu Limin , Han Ming , Cao Dongqing , Fuseni Alhasan
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the development of catanionic surfactants composed of cationic and anionic surfactants to make them high-performance products for chemical flooding in high-temperature and high-salinity carbonate reservoirs. The objective of this study is to optimize the surfactant chemistry by mixing oppositely charged anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants (CASs), which results in significant synergistic effects in interfacial properties due to electrostatic attraction to improve oil production at the given harsh conditions. The optimal mixing surfactant ratios were determined according to the brine-surfactant compatibility, microemulsion phase behavior, and the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and surfactant solutions in high-salinity brine at 90°C. Comprehensive performance of the catanionic surfactants was evaluated, including adsorption of the surfactants onto the carbonate rocks and the long-term stability at 95°C. The coreflooding displacement experiments were performed using carbonate core plugs at 95°C to evaluate the potential of the optimal catanionic surfactant in improving oil recovery. Three catanionic surfactants with good compatibility were developed in this study. It appeared that the synergistic effect between the mixing surfactants was enhanced with increasing temperature. Although the IFT of the individual surfactants with crude oil was between 10−1 and 100 mN/m, a significant IFT reduction in the magnitude of 10−2 to 10−3 mN/m was observed by mixing the selected anionic surfactants and CASs. A salinity scan showed that the IFT values maintained a value of 10−2 mN/m in a wide salinity range, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the catanionic surfactant. In microemulsion phase behavior studies, the developed catanionic surfactant solution in the presence of crude oil exhibited Winsor Type III emulsions. The static adsorption quantities of the catanionic surfactants were lower than the values of the individual surfactants. All these indicated the feasibility of catanionic surfactants for their applications in the harsh reservoir conditions. The results of coreflooding displacement tests demonstrated significant oil recovery improvement beyond waterflooding. This work provides an efficient way to get surfactant formulations by mixing oppositely charged surfactants to obtain high performance in improving oil production under harsh conditions.
Fixing Our Food: Debunking 10 myths about the global food system and what drives hunger
Authors: Cohen Marc , Compain Guillame , Kesteloot Thierry , Meijer Madelon , Munoz Eric , Murtagh Simon , Saarinen Hanna , van der Vaart Nout
Published: August 2022

Our unequal global food system is unsustainable for people and planet. We urgently need to rethink how the world feeds its people. The food crisis we are facing is not new. Extreme inequality and poverty, rights abuses, conflict, climate change and inflation – exacerbated by the pandemic and the war in Ukraine – mean that hundreds of millions of people do not have enough to eat. While millions of people are struggling to find their next meal, the world’s main food traders have made record profits, adding billions to their collective wealth. This paper debunks 10 myths about our food system and provides an alternative framing that will lead to better outcomes for the long term. We must shift our current food system from an industrial, exploitative and extractive model to a local and sustainable one that contributes to climate resilience and realizes people’s right to food – one that reduces inequality and poverty.
Cognitive Flexibility and Emotion Regulation as Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Psychopathology in Clinically-Referred Youths
Authors: Coenye Jakke , Verbeken Sandra , Braet Jolien , Braet Caroline , Moens Ellen , Goossens Lien
Published: August 2022

An increasing amount of reports sound the alarm about our youngsters mental health state. Research on transdiagnostic mechanisms is needed. Recently, attention has been drawn to the role of cognitive flexibility (CF; the ability to adapt thoughts and behavior to contextual changes), as a possible risk factor for psychopathological development, yet research among children and adolescents is scarce. We hypothesize both direct and indirect links whereby (mal)adaptive emotion regulation strategies might mediate this relationship. Results of this study with 192 clinically-referred children and adolescents (65% female; mean age = 12.65; SD = 2.99) indicated that CF was related to both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, this relationship was not mediated by adaptive or maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Implications for theory, clinical practice and future research are discussed.
FloraBERT: cross-species transfer learning withattention-based neural networks for geneexpression prediction
Authors: Levy Benjamin , Xu Zihao , Zhao Liyang , Kremling Karl , Altman Ross , Wong Phoebe , Tanner Chris
Published: August 2022

Recent work in applying deep learning models has demonstrated that endophenotypes, such as RNA transcript abundance, can be predicted from an organism's regulatory DNA. However, due to the vast amount of labelled data required to train previous types of deep learning models, this work has been constrained to species with large amounts of data labelled for a particular task. Here, we present FloraBERT, a transfer-learning based deep learning model that is able to improve predictions of gene expression in a single target species, and it does so by exploiting cross-species genomic information in the form of genome assemblies from all of plantae. FloraBERT significantly outperforms simple bag-of-k-mers baseline models and achieves comparable performance to prior work that concerns less complex species. Furthermore, investigation of the learned parameters of FloraBERT reveals that the training process encodes biologically salient information, such as taxonomic similarity between species and positional relevance of nucleotides within a promoter. To facilitate future research, we have made the source code and model weights publicly available on https://github.com/benlevyx/florabert.
Vam6 upregulated by lactic acid inhibits anti-tumor effects of intratumoral iNKT cells via modulating AMPK/mTOR pathways
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Bai Shiyu , Wu Qielan , Zhu Shasha , Zhang Yuwei , Chen Xuran , Pan Jun , Li Shuhang , Yue Ting , Xu Linfeng , Xie Di , Tian Chenxi , Li Xiang , Hou Junjie , Wang Lu , Fu Sicheng , Xue Yanhong , Jiang Amin , Li Dong , Xu Tao , Tian Zhigang , Zhou Rongbin , Bai Li
Published: August 2022

Activation of mTORC1 is essential for anti-tumor function of iNKT cells. The mechanisms underlying impaired mTORC1 activation in intratumoral iNKT cells remain unclear. Here, we showed that lactic acid from tumor cells increased Vam6 expression in iNKT cells which led to impaired mTORC1 activation and IFN-γ production. Mechanistically, Vam6 in iNKT cells was essential for Rab7a-Vam6-AMPK complex formation and thus for recruitment of AMPK to lysosome to activate AMPK, a negative regulator of mTORC1. Additionally, Vam6 relieved inhibitory effect of VDAC1 on Rab7a-Vam6-AMPK complex formation at mitochondria-lysosome contact site. Given the key roles of lactic acid-increased Vam6 in promoting AMPK activation in intratumoral iNKT cells, reducing Vam6 expression significantly enhanced the mTORC1 activation in intratumoral iNKT cells as well as their anti-tumor efficacy. Together, we propose Vam6 as a target for iNKT cell-based immunotherapy.
Genetic Etiology in Patients Diagnosed With Congenital Hypothroidism With New Generation Sequencing: a Single Center Experience
Authors: kaplan emel hatun aytaç , mermer serdar
Published: August 2022

Aim: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disorder of the newborn; however, it is seen in every 3000-4000 births (1). The identification of genetic mutations is vital for the continuation of treatment, especially in patients with unidentified dysgenesis and etiology. The present study aims to contribute to the literature sharing the patients of CH with mutations and show the benefit it will provide to patients in follow-up.Method: A total of 52 patients (47 families) diagnosed with CH were examined in the study. Age at diagnosis, TSH and fT4 levels at diagnosis, and thyroid volumes based on age were evaluated. 32 target gens (GLIS3, TSHB, THRA, PAX8, NKX2-5, NKX2-1, FOXE1, TSHR, SLC5A5, SLC26A4, TG, TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, IYD, SLC26A7, DUOX1, ZNF607, SLC6A4, DIO1, DIO2, DIO3, TTR, GNAS, TRH, ALB, POR, TRHR, PHEX, SLC16A2, SERPINA7, IGSF1) identified in the etiology of CD by next-generation sequencing (NGS) were investigated. The pathogenicity of the variants was evaluated using the American College of Medical Genetics (ACGM) guidelines, inheritance pattern and published evidence.Results: 29 (55%) of the patients were male. The rate of dysgenesis was 19.2%. Genetic studies were performed in all patients, regardless of transient-permanent hypothyroidism. The identification frequency of mutation was 55% (n=29, 33 different variants). The members of the same family had similar variants. There were 2 patients with a similar variant without being from the same family (patient 13,14,15:TPO K47R and patient 17,18:NKX2-1 A93P variant). There were 21 patients (40.3%) in whom dyshormonogenesis was shown. The most common mutation was DUOX2 (20%). The second most common mutations were mutations in TPO and TG genes (15%, 15%). The ACGM classification was made. 41.1% of these mutations were VUS, 26.4% were pathogenic, 23.5% were likely benign, and 11.7% were likely pathogenic. 73.5% heterozygous, 17.6% homozygous, and 8.9% combined heterozygous mutations were identified based on their zygosities. There were mutant variants in two different genes in siz patients and in three different genes in one patient. One of the two siblings (patient 23,24) with SLC5A5 mutation had goiter and one had hypoplasic thyroid tissue. Three frameshift mutations were detected.Conclusion: This method shed light on the etiology of 55% of the study patients with CH, and it was effective in the treatment decision of the two patients. The frequency of VUS was high. The presence of multiple genes and multiple variants in the same patient is a promising result of the study. Moreover, the present study reveals the gene profile of patients with CH in Turkey.
Bellastesin-Associated Methemoglobinemia in a Patient with Liver Alveococcosis
Authors: Artamonova A. A. , Fomin A. M.
Published: August 2022

The presented clinical observation and analysis of the literature data draws an attention on the possibility of developing a life-threatening condition such as methemoglobinemia due to the use of the benzocaine preparation. The latter is part of the preparation bellastesin for the treatment of gastroenterological diseases. This drug is often taken by patients at their own at discretion and with no proper control and consideration of existing co-morbidities. In addition, one needs to pay attention on the indicators of oximetry, including the level of methemoglobin, when diagnosing diseases accompanied by cyanosis and respiratory insufficiency.
A market sharing mechanism for watershed ecological compensation
Authors: Deng Menghua , Chen Junfei
Published: August 2022

This study establishes a market sharing mechanism for watershed ecological compensation between an upstream and downstream government based on the game-theoretical approach. It is found that, in this transboundary market sharing mechanism, the upstream government is encouraged to make more effort to protect the watershed ecosystem. As a result, a market-sharing compensation mechanism can bring Pareto improvements to all stakeholders. Furthermore, the influences of several key factors on the performance of the market sharing mechanism are investigated, which provides theoretical guidance for establishing and implementing such a mechanism in practice.
The role of attached bacteria in the formation ofMicrocystiscolony in Chentaizi River
Authors: Dai Wei , Ruan Weilin , Bi Xiangdong , Zhang Dajuan
Published: August 2022

To further understand the role of attached bacteria in the formation of Microcystis colonies, we conducted a field investigation in Chentaizi River in Tianjin, China, which frequently suffers Microcystis blooms in summer. The results showed the average cell density of Microcystis was 2.31 × 107 cell/L from July 19 to July 27, 2021. Free-living and attached bacteria communities shared similar phylum diversity, but the abundance changed obviously. The colony size of Microcystis and attached bacterial number in the colony showed an increasing trend during the whole sampling period. There was a significant positive correlation between Microcystis colonial size and attached bacterial density (P < 0.01), indicating attached bacteria could contribute the colony formation of Microcystis. The genus composition in attached bacterial community varied in colonies of different sizes. The relative abundance of Acinetobacter, Cloacibacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Ralstonia in >90 μm colonies were significantly higher than those in 8–20 μm and 20–90 μm colonies (P < 0.05). These genera might have positive effects on the colony formation of Microcystis during sampling.
Cloning, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Full-Length cDNA of
Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (AACT) Genes Related to Terpenoid
Synthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus
Authors: Liu Mengli , Yu Hanwen , Li Jing , Dong Nan , Chen Bowen , Xu Rui , Wu Junxian , Chang Xiangwei , Wang Jutao , Peng Huasheng , Zha Liangping , Gui Shuangying
Published: August 2022

Platycodon grandiflorus is a well-known and widely distributed traditional herbal
medicine and functional food in Asia, with triterpenoids as the main bioactive component in its roots.
Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (AACT) is the initiation enzyme in the mevalonate pathway and
plays an important role in the biosynthesis of terpenoids.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to clone and identify the PgAACT function in P.
grandiflorus.

Method:

The full-length sequence of PgAACT genes was isolated and cloned from P. grandiflorus
by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The recombinant plasmid was constructed using the pET-32a
vector and expressed in E. coli Transetta (DE3) cells. Subcellular localization of AACT was
observed in the epidermal cells of N. tabacum. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR)
was used to identify the PgAACT gene transcription levels. After MeJA treatment, the changes in
AACT gene expression were observed, and UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS was used to detect
the changes in P. grandiflorus saponins.

Results:

In this study, two full-length cDNAs encoding AACT1 (PgAACT1) and AACT2
(PgAACT2) were isolated and cloned from P. grandiflorus. The deduced PgAACT1 and PgAACT2
proteins contain 408 and 416 amino acids, respectively. The recombinant vectors were constructed,
and the protein expression was improved by optimizing the reaction conditions. Sodium dodecyl
sulphate-polycrylamide gel electrophloresis and western blot analysis showed that the PgAACT
genes were successfully expressed, with molecular weights of the recombinant proteins of 61 and 63
kDa, respectively. Subcellular localization showed that the PgAACT genes were localized in the
cytoplasm. Tissue specificity analysis of P. grandiflorus from different habitats showed that
PgAACT genes were expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves. After MeJA treatment, the expression
level of PgAACT genes and the content of total saponins of P. grandiflorus were significantly
increased, suggesting that PgAACT genes play an important role in regulating plant defense systems.

Conclusion:

Cloning, expression, and functional analysis of PgAACT1 and PgAACT2 will be helpful
in understanding the role of these two genes in terpene biosynthesis.