bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
scPML: pathway-based multi-view learning for cell type annotation from single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Du Zhi-Hua , Hu Wei-Lin , Li Jian-Qiang , Shang Xuequn , You Zhu-Hong , Chen Zhuang-zhuang , Huang Yu-An
Published: December 2023

Recent developments in single-cell technology have enabled the exploration of cellular heterogeneity at an unprecedented level, providing invaluable insights into various fields, including medicine and disease research. Cell type annotation is an essential step in its omics research. The mainstream approach is to utilize well-annotated single-cell data to supervised learning for cell type annotation of new singlecell data. However, existing methods lack good generalization and robustness in cell annotation tasks, partially due to difficulties in dealing with technical differences between datasets, as well as not considering the heterogeneous associations of genes in regulatory mechanism levels. Here, we propose the scPML model, which utilizes various gene signaling pathway data to partition the genetic features of cells, thus characterizing different interaction maps between cells. Extensive experiments demonstrate that scPML performs better in cell type annotation and detection of unknown cell types from different species, platforms, and tissues.
Amplified nanoscale detection of labeled molecules via surface electrons on diamond
Authors: Biteri-Uribarren Ainitze , Alsina-Bolívar Pol , Munuera-Javaloy Carlos , Puebla Ricardo , Casanova Jorge
Published: December 2023

The detection of individual molecules and their dynamics is a long-standing challenge in the field of nanotechnology. In this work, we present a method that utilizes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center and a dangling bond on the diamond surface to measure the coupling between two electronic targets tagged on a macromolecule. To achieve this, we design a multi-tone dynamical decoupling sequence that leverages the strong interaction between the nitrogen vacancy center and the dangling bond. In addition, this sequence minimizes the impact of decoherence finally resulting in an increased signal-to-noise ratio. This proposal has the potential to open up avenues for fundamental research and technological innovation in distinct areas such as biophysics and biochemistry.
Shifts in ophthalmic care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US
Authors: Li Charles , Lum Flora , Chen Evan M. , Collender Philip A. , Head Jennifer R. , Khurana Rahul N. , Cunningham Emmett T. , Moorthy Ramana S. , Parke David W. , McLeod Stephen D.
Published: December 2023

Background

Healthcare restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in ophthalmology, led to a differential underutilization of care. An analytic approach is needed to characterize pandemic health services usage across many conditions.

Methods

A common analytical framework identified pandemic care utilization patterns across 261 ophthalmic diagnoses. Using a United States eye care registry, predictions of utilization expected without the pandemic were established for each diagnosis via models trained on pre-pandemic data. Pandemic effects on utilization were estimated by calculating deviations between observed and expected patient volumes from January 2020 to December 2021, with two sub-periods of focus: the hiatus (March-May 2020) and post-hiatus (June 2020–December 2021). Deviation patterns were analyzed using cluster analyses, data visualizations, and hypothesis testing.

Results

Records from 44.62 million patients and 2455 practices show lasting reductions in ophthalmic care utilization, including visits for leading causes of visual impairment (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma). Mean deviations among all diagnoses are 67% below expectation during the hiatus peak, and 13% post-hiatus. Less severe conditions experience greater utilization reductions, with heterogeneities across diagnosis categories and pandemic phases. Intense post-hiatus reductions occur among non-vision-threatening conditions or asymptomatic precursors of vision-threatening diseases. Many conditions with above-average post-hiatus utilization pose a risk for irreversible morbidity, such as emergent pediatric, retinal, or uveitic diseases.

Conclusions

We derive high-resolution insights on pandemic care utilization in the US from high-dimensional data using an analytical framework that can be applied to study healthcare disruptions in other settings and inform efforts to pinpoint unmet clinical needs.
Chemical technology principles for selective bioconjugation of proteins and antibodies
Authors: Chauhan Preeti , V. Ragendu , Kumar Mohan , Molla Rajib , Mishra Surya Dev , Basa Sneha , Rai Vishal
Published: December 2023

Disintegrating multiple selectivity attributes through reversible steps provides excellent control over reaction parameters and precision in protein bioconjugation. This approach enables hypothesis-driven research in the field.
The isomer-sensitive electrochemical HER of ruthenium(ii)–hydrido complexes involving redox-active azoheteroaromatics
Authors: Seikh Liton , Dhara Suman , Singh Ajit Kumar , Singh Aditi , Dey Sanchaita , Indra Arindam , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: December 2023

RuII–H derived isomeric 1a+/1b+ (R=H) and 2a+/2b+ (R = I) involving syn-configured azo-coupled heteroaromatics displayed isomer sensitive acidic HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) on carbon cloth support.
High-rate cycling in 3D dual-doped NASICON architectures toward room-temperature sodium-metal-anode solid-state batteries
Authors: Jaschin Prem Wicram , Tang Christopher R. , Wachsman Eric D.
Published: December 2023

3D architectures of Zn,Mg-dual doped NASICON to host sodium metal anode and perform sodium cycling at high current densities.
Anisotropic run-and-tumble-turn dynamics
Authors: Loewe Benjamin , Kozhukhov Timofey , Shendruk Tyler N.
Published: December 2023

By modeling run-and-tumble-turn particles that can only travel and turn along the four Cartesian axes, we show how microscopic anisotropic features extend to macroscopic scales, and are inherited, in the interacting case, by global order.
Effects of concentration of hydrophobic component and swelling in saline solutions on mechanical properties of a stretchable hydrogel
Authors: Varadarajan Anandavalli , Badani Prado Rosa Maria , Elmore Katherine , Mishra Satish , Kundu Santanu
Published: December 2023

The hydrophobic component of a stretchable hydrogel was varied to achieve different mechanical properties and retraction behavior.
Towards outstanding lubricity performance of proton-type ionic liquids or synergistic effects with friction modifiers used as oil additives at the steel/steel interface
Authors: Shi Yongjia , Yang Shenghui , Zhang Xia , Liu Weimin
Published: December 2023

Anti-wear (AW) additives and friction modifiers (FMs) and their interactions in lubricants are critical to tribological performance.
The multifunctional role of intrinsic disorder in NF-κB signaling
Authors: Komives Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2023

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription activation system involves disordered regions of both the NF-κB dimers and their inhibitors, the IκBs. The system is well-studied both at the cellular and biophysical levels affording a unique opportunity to compare and contrast the conclusions from both types of experiments. Through a combination of both experiments and theory, we have discovered that the RelA/p50 heterodimer and its inhibitor IκBα operate under kinetic control. Intrinsically disordered parts of both proteins are directly involved in temporal control and their folding and unfolding determines the rates of various processes. In this review, we show how the dynamic state of the intrinsically disordered sequences define the rates of intracellular processes.
Strong size evolution of disc galaxies since z = 1
Authors: Buitrago Fernando , Trujillo Ignacio
Published: December 2023

Our understanding of how the size of galaxies has evolved over cosmic time is based on the use of the half-light (effective) radius as a size indicator. Although the half-light radius has many advantages for structurally parameterising galaxies, it does not provide a measure of the global extent of the objects, but only an indication of the size of the region containing the innermost 50% of the galaxy’s light. Therefore, the observed mild evolution of the effective radius of disc galaxies with cosmic time is conditioned by the evolution of the central part of the galaxies rather than by the evolutionary properties of the whole structure. Expanding on recent works, we studied the size evolution of disc galaxies using the radial location of the gas density threshold for star formation as a size indicator. As a proxy to evaluate this quantity, we used the radial position of the truncation (edge) in the stellar surface mass density profiles of galaxies. To conduct this task, we selected 1048 disc galaxies with Mstellar > 1010 M⊙ and spectroscopic redshifts up to z = 1 within the HST CANDELS fields. We derived their surface brightness, colour and stellar mass density profiles. Using the new size indicator, the observed scatter of the size–mass relation (∼0.1 dex) decreases by a factor of ∼2 compared to that using the effective radius. At a fixed stellar mass, Milky Way-like (MW-like; Mstellar ∼ 5 × 1010 M⊙) disc galaxies have, on average, increased their sizes by a factor of two in the last 8 Gyr, while the surface stellar mass density at the edge position (Σedge) has decreased by more than an order of magnitude from ∼13 M⊙ pc−2 (z = 1) to ∼1 M⊙ pc−2 (z = 0). These results reflect a dramatic evolution of the outer part of MW-like disc galaxies, with an average radial growth rate of its discs of about 1.5 kpc Gyr−1.
A semi-analytical thermal model for craters with application to the crater-induced YORP effect
Authors: Zhou Wen-Han , Michel Patrick
Published: December 2023

Context. The YORP effect is the thermal torque generated by radiation from the surface of an asteroid. The effect is sensitive to surface topology, including small-scale roughness, boulders, and craters.

Aims. The aim of this paper is to develop a computationally efficient semi-analytical model for the crater-induced YORP (CYORP) effect that can be used to investigate the functional dependence of this effect.

Methods. This study linearizes the thermal radiation term as a function of the temperature in the boundary condition of the heat conductivity, and obtains the temperature field in a crater over a rotational period in the form of a Fourier series, accounting for the effects of self-sheltering, self-radiation, and self-scattering. By comparison with a numerical model, we find that this semi-analytical model for the CYORP effect works well for K > 0.1 Wm−1 K−1. This semi-analytical model is computationally three-orders-of-magnitude more efficient than the numerical approach.

Results. We obtain the temperature field of a crater, accounting for the thermal inertia, crater shape, and crater location. We then find that the CYORP effect is negligible when the depth-to-diameter ratio is smaller than 0.05. In this case, it is reasonable to assume a convex shape for YORP calculations. Varying the thermal conductivity yields a consistent value of approximately 0.01 for the spin component of the CYORP coefficient, while the obliquity component is inversely related to thermal inertia, declining from 0.004 in basalt to 0.001 in metal. The CYORP spin component peaks at an obliquity of 0°, 90°, or 180°, while the obliquity component peaks at an obliquity of around 45° or 135°. For a z-axis symmetric shape, the CYORP spin component vanishes, while the obliquity component persists. Our model confirms that the total YORP torque is damped by a few tens of percent by uniformly distributed small-scale surface roughness. Furthermore, for the first time, we calculate the change in the YORP torque at each impact on the surface of an asteroid explicitly and compute the resulting stochastic spin evolution more precisely.

Conclusions. This study shows that the CYORP effect due to small-scale surface roughness and impact craters is significant during the history of asteroids. The semi-analytical method that we developed, which benefits from fast computation, offers new perspectives for future investigations of the YORP modeling of real asteroids and for the complete rotational and orbital evolution of asteroids accounting for collisions. Future research employing our CYORP model may explore the implications of space-varying roughness distribution, roughness in binary systems, and the development of a comprehensive rotational evolution model for asteroid groups.
eROSITA studies of the Carina nebula
Authors: Sasaki Manami , Robrade Jan , Krause Martin G. H. , Knies Jonathan R. , Tsuge Kisetsu , Pühlhofer Gerd , Strong Andrew
Published: December 2023

Context. During the first four all-sky surveys eRASS:4, which was carried out from December 2019 to 2021, the extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (Spektr-RG, SRG) observed the Galactic H II region, the Carina nebula.

Aims. We analysed the eRASS:4 data to study the distribution and spectral properties of the hot interstellar plasma and the bright stellar sources in the Carina nebula.

Methods. The spectral extraction regions of the diffuse emission were defined based on the X-ray spectral morphology and multi-wavelength data. The spectra were fit with a combination of thermal and non-thermal emission models. The X-ray bright point sources in the Carina nebula are the colliding wind binary η Car, several O stars, and Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars. We extracted the spectra of the brightest stellar sources, which can be well fit with a multi-component thermal plasma model.

Results. The spectra of the diffuse emission in the brighter parts of the Carina nebula are well reproduced by two thermal models, a lower-temperature component (~0.2 keV) and a higher-temperature component (0.6–0.8 keV). An additional non-thermal component dominates the emission above ~1 keV in the Central region around η Car and the other massive stars. Significant orbital variation in the X-ray flux was measured for η Car, WR 22, and WR 25. η Car requires an additional time-variable thermal component in the spectral model, which is associated with the wind-wind collision zone.

Conclusions. Properties such as temperature, pressure, and luminosity of the X-ray emitting plasma in the Carina nebula derived from the eROSITA data are consistent with theoretical calculations of emission from superbubbles. This confirms that the X-ray emission is caused by the hot plasma inside the Carina nebula that has been shocked-heated by the stellar winds of the massive stars, in particular, of η Car.
Parameter-free Hubble constant from the quadruply lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112
Authors: Martínez-Arrizabalaga Joseba , Diego Jose M. , Goicoechea Luis J.
Published: December 2023

We present a free-form lens model for the multiply lensed quasar in the galaxy cluster SDSS J1004+4112. Our lens model draws minimal assumptions on the distribution of mass in the lens plane. We have paid particular attention to the model uncertainties on the predicted time delay originating from the particular configuration of model variables. Taking into account this uncertainty, we obtained a value of the Hubble constant of H0 = 74−13+9 km s−1 Mpc−1, which is consistent with recent independent estimates. The predicted time delay between the central image E and image C (the first to arrive) is ΔTE−C = 3200 ± 200 days for the estimated Hubble constant. Future measurements of ΔTE−C will allow for a tighter constraint to be imposed on H0 in this cluster-QSO system.
Ultraviolet H2luminescence in molecular clouds induced by cosmic rays
Authors: Padovani Marco , Galli Daniele , Scarlett Liam H. , Grassi Tommaso , Rehill Una S. , Zammit Mark C. , Bray Igor , Fursa Dmitry V.
Published: December 2023

Context. Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) play a crucial role in ionisation, dissociation, and excitation processes within dense cloud regions where UV radiation is absorbed by dust grains and gas species. CRs regulate the abundance of ions and radicals, leading to the formation of more and more complex molecular species, and determine the charge distribution on dust grains. A quantitative analysis of these effects is essential for understanding the dynamical and chemical evolution of star-forming regions.

Aims. The CR-induced photon flux has a significant impact on the evolution of the dense molecular medium in its gas and dust components. This study evaluates the flux of UV photons generated by CRs to calculate the photon-induced dissociation and ionisation rates of a vast number of atomic and molecular species, as well as the integrated UV photon flux.

Methods. To achieve these goals, we took advantage of recent developments in the determination of the spectra of secondary electrons, in the calculation of state-resolved excitation cross sections of H2by electron impact, and of photodissociation and photoionisation cross sections.

Results. We calculated the H2level population of each rovibrational level of theX, B, C, B′,D, B″,D′, andastates. We then computed the UV photon spectrum of H2in its line and continuum components between 72 and 700 nm, with unprecedented accuracy, as a function of the CR spectrum incident on a molecular cloud, the H2column density, the isomeric H2composition, and the dust properties. The resulting photodissociation and photoionisation rates are, on average, lower than previous determinations by a factor of about 2, with deviations of up to a factor of 5 for the photodissociation of species such as AlH, C2H2, C2H3, C3H3, LiH, N2, NaCl, NaH, O2+, S2, SiH, l-C4, and l-C5H. A special focus is given to the photoionisation rates of H2, HF, and N2, as well as to the photodissociation of H2, which we find to be orders of magnitude higher than previous estimates. We give parameterisations for both the photorates and the integrated UV photon flux as a function of the CR ionisation rate, which implicitly depends on the H2column density, as well as the dust properties.
Development strategy for the regional services market
Authors: Pirogova Oksana , Pirogov Mikhail , Pogorelov Nikolay
Published: December 2023

The hospitality industry is influenced by an increasing number of factors every year. For successful hotel business, it is necessary not only to know exactly the market, its potential guests and be able to prevent all unforeseen risks, but also to introduce new modern, including energy-saving technologies. In modern conditions of growth of the hospitality market, the introduction of energy-saving technologies can become not only a factor of saving, but also a factor of increasing attractiveness in the eyes of potential consumers of hospitality industry services. The purpose of the study is to identify key factors, including energy conservation, and to assess the growth rate of the hospitality industry market. The objectives of the study involve identifying and analyzing the relationship of factors with indicators of revenue and net profit in the hospitality market, conducting regression analysis, as well as determining the forecast values of the main economic indicators. Research methods: factor analysis, regression analysis, construction of own hypotheses. As a result of the study, forecast estimates of the growth rates of the hospitality market in the post-pandemic period were obtained. Keywords: hotel business, energy-saving technologies, tourist flow, regression analysis, room rate, forecasting
The risk analysis strategy of the uncertainty in the transport sector
Authors: Izvarina Nataliya , Soboleva Olga
Published: December 2023

The limitedness of the available resources in transport companies determines the necessity of rationally using their potential. To formulate a development strategy, management, participants and shareholders of business units are to use strategic analysis to assess the risks and uncertainties inherent in transport companies. The risk analysis strategy provides to formulate the best development model in the field of possible alternatives using the business goals and objectives, and implement a list of appropriate activities. The key management human resources are interested in choosing a strategic position of the company that is acceptable for its functioning in the current and strategic perspective. The risk management forms such strategic foundation and decisions of participants and shareholders. This paper proposes the use of the strategic analysis concept in the transport sector companies. The developed concept is based on the principles of forming a company's strategy in the context of a risk factor and using a model for the implementation of long-term plans. The circular process of the strategic risk analysis under conditions of uncertainty must reduce the divide between desired goals and obtained results. The strategy considers requests of the transport sector companies in operating uncertainty process.
Aspects of the kinetics of the formation of capillary-porous structures of foam concrete as low-carbon technology
Authors: Samchenko Svetlana , Kulikov Vladimir
Published: December 2023

At the present stage, materials used within the framework of low-carbon technology are becoming increasingly in demand. The purpose of the study was to identify and study the analytical dependencies of technological parameters and aspects of the preparation of foam concrete depending on the concentration of foaming agents (surfactants) at various points in the formation of the capillary-porous structure of foam concrete as low-carbon technology. The law of acting masses was adopted as the main basis for assessing the kinetics of interaction of light concrete components with surfactants. This thesis is interpreted taking into account the fact that the ratios between the concentrations of reagents and their products at a discrete time are considered to be constant. The questions of estimating the speed of the processes are formalized. In contrast to the traditional approach, the material is considered from the standpoint of implementing calculations using analytical algorithms for solving direct and inverse kinetic problems. The issues of effective use are considered. The literature on technical kinetics practically does not address the issues of specific practical implementation of kinetic calculations. Dynamic models for estimating and controlling the kinetics of the formation of pore structures have been developed. The practical use of the developed dynamic models makes it possible to evaluate and promptly adjust the parameters of foam concrete of the formation of capillary-porous structures of foam concrete as low-carbon technology
Implementing IT in engineering education
Authors: Rodina Olga
Published: December 2023

Nowadays in the multicultural workplace engineers need both hard skills and soft skills. They need to be good communicators, as they need to collaborate with others, convince their opponents when negotiating in order to gain benefit for a company and society. Students engineers could have difficulty in achieving success in the future professional field, as their communication skills, the most beneficial skills in the 21st century, are not being developed properly as hard skills development is a priority during the engineering education. In the modern world Information Technologies play an important role in education, including teaching and learning due to their didactic potential. They provide an opportunity to differentiate instruction and change classrooms into dynamic learning environments. The aim of research was to elaborate a technique for developing engineering students’ communication skills through radio podcasts. Research methods included a literature review, analysis and synthesis, experimental work, assessment of the development level of engineering students’ communication skills, analysis of the data obtained. As a result, a teaching technique was elaborated for the development of engineering students’ communication skills through radio podcasts that includes (1) organizing students’ individual, team and group work on podcasts; (2) filling a portfolio with analysis of the podcasts; (3) role-playing podcasts using the revealed speech and non-speech features; (4) creating own podcasts, focused on a specific thematic content. Experimental work was held in 2022 and 2023 at Higher Engineering School, Industrial university of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia. It investigated the effectiveness of using the technique for developing communication skills through radio podcasts among engineering students. The results of pre-test and post-test confirmed the positive dynamics of the development of communication skills through radio podcasts among engineering students of the experimental group. The prospects for further research is that the technique presented in research can be employed in communication skills development among university students of different majors, and can complement engineering education.
Information technologies in the educational process of ecology and environmental sciences
Authors: Akhmedova Muqaddas , Rakhimova Nargiza , Kalinina Olga
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the advantages of using information technology in the process of education for ecology and environmental science. Information technologies significantly expand the possibilities of presenting educational information. The use of color, graphics, sound, and all modern video equipment allows you to recreate the real environment of the activity. The use of ICT in the educational process increases the possibilities of setting educational tasks and managing the process of their solution. Computers allow you to build and analyze models of various objects, situations, phenomena. The use of information technology makes the learning process interesting, productive, carries out a differentiated approach to learning, makes it possible to objectively and timely monitor and summarize. Also, modern information technologies allow teachers to qualitatively change the content, methods and organizational forms of training.
Achieving a state of flow in educational activities by university students as a development factor of sustainable behaviour
Authors: Pronenko Evgeny , Stepanyuk Ekaterina , Zaporozhets Diana , Starygina Vlada
Published: December 2023

Modern universities face an acute problem of ensuring students’ involvement in the learning process and their motivation for learning activities. One of the solutions may be to create conditions for the emergence of a state of “flow”, the concept of which was developed by M. Csikszentmihalyi. The study involved 109 students (98 women and 11 men) of bachelor’s and master’s degrees of the Faculty of Psychology of the Southern Federal University. A special questionnaire based on M. Csikszentmihalyi’s theory was designed to determine the expression of the components of the “flow” state in the respondents’ learning activities. The results show that many students feel a balance between the content of the lecture and their ability to understand its content, many students feel inner satisfaction after attending seminars. The obtained data correlate with the data of researchers on this topic, who noted the connection of flow states with motivations, meanings, predisposition to achievement and self-regulation.
Intercultural communication as a medium future specialists’ ecological culture formation
Authors: Morozova Tatyana
Published: December 2023

A significant role in intercultural communication is assigned to language as a means by which representatives of different linguistic and ethnic communities are mutually understood and interacted. The relevance of given study is in the fact that intercultural communicative competence ensures the development and acceptance of general rules and norms of behavior that constitute international communication etiquette. The object of this article is the university educational system. The subject of the paper is intercultural communication as one of the mechanisms for an individual’s ecological culture formation. The study is aimed to identification of the role of intercultural communication in an individual’s ecological culture formation. The author presents intercultural communicative competence as a skill of mutual understanding of different cultures representatives. Experimental training using interactive technologies and test the effectiveness of the designated conditions in the process of forming intercultural communication was conducted. It was established that intercultural communication was an effective mechanism in the formation of an individual’s environmental culture.
Possibilities of didactic engineering in training future specialists
Authors: Kolotilova Uliana , Reznikova Elena , Vasilyeva Victoria , Salavatulina Liya , Gubar Ekaterina
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the possibilities of didactic engineering in preparing future specialists for independent professional activities. Didactic engineering is a methodology (theory, practice, diagnostics) of organizing activities to solve didactic problems using engineering methods (metric approach, modeling, numerical analysis, use of information and communication technologies). Within the framework of didactic engineering, the tasks of creating new effective didactic systems, teaching aids and diagnosing the quality of training of specialists working in a virtualreal environment are solved. This allows us to outline the path for rapid sustainable professional development of the student, establish key invariant abilities, determine the role of knowledge in solving professional problems, and generally reveal the reasons why some people solve professional problems more successfully than others. The authors, based on the theoretical and practical results of the study, highlight problematic issues in the adaptation of future specialists to independent professional activities and the need to implement innovative approaches. Based on the conducted research, a set of interrelated conditions aimed at increasing the level of readiness of future specialists to carry out innovative professional activities was put forward for discussion. The process of training and education of a student must be organized based on his personal professional interest, personal growth through the construction of a professional development trajectory. Consequently, in systems built within the framework of didactic engineering, it is necessary to introduce the category “complexity of problems”, since in the future this makes it possible to objectively assess the professional potential of a future specialist.
Transport infrastructure of Russia: International corridors and transport hubs
Authors: Maksimov Sergey , Pyataev Maksim
Published: December 2023

The article provides an analysis of the state of transport infrastructure in terms of international traffic. It analyses the condition and development projects of transport corridors that run through the territory of Russia, as well as transport hubs that connect commodity flows with other countries. The article uses the methods of comparative analysis, correlation and observation. The article presents Russia's connection to pan-European transport corridors, the problems of the Northern Sea Route, the North-South transport corridor linking Russia with Iran, and possible options for bypassing the Caspian Sea by rail. The problems of the Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur Mainlines are presented. The state and prospects of transport hubs: St Petersburg, Vladivostok and Rostov-on-Don. Features of these hubs, as well as projects for their development. The analysis shows that for the Russian Federation, whose economy is based on the export of raw materials, the most important mode of transport is rail, which provides transportation of different types of goods, and has a certain degree of mobility, compared to pipeline transport. Eliminating bottlenecks in transport infrastructure will contribute to lowering the cost of cargo on world markets by covering the supply base.
School of Engineering Entrepreneurship as a driver of the development of a digital educational ecosystem for transport and logistics
Authors: Drozdova Maria , Fursova Elena
Published: December 2023

The article substantiates the relevance and practical significance of the transition of the educational system from traditional to fundamentally new forms that integrate into the digital ecosystem, taking into account global trends in digitalization, the provisions of the state strategy of the digital economy, intellectual priorities of sectoral development. The article reflects the conceptual foundations of the development and implementation of an innovative educational model – the School of Engineering Entrepreneurship (SEE) – created by the team of the first engineering transport university of Russia – the St. Petersburg State University of Railways of Emperor Alexander I (PSUREA). The result of a comprehensive analysis of the already implemented stages of the activities of the SEE, the characteristics of the project directions are presented.
Alternative options for energy sector decarbonisation
Authors: Shcherbakova Ludmila , Evdokimova Elena , Fedulova Elena
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the work is to prove that the process of decarbonisation of energy industries has a different basis than the use of an alternative, “green” economy. It is shown that this feature is characteristic of countries endowed with resources, including Russia. For them, another option is possible to reduce the negative impact on the environment: reducing energy consumption in the economy. The article carried out an analysis, as a result of which the following ways to reduce energy costs in the economy were identified. Within the framework of the “circular economy”, lean production is considered as one of the ways to reduce energy consumption, and attention is also drawn to the construction of business models focused on the reuse of resources and waste recycling. In the direction of searching for new forms of management, new management models, diversification of production is highlighted, which is based on the rejection of narrow specialization and increased efficiency through the formation of new structures or functions of the enterprise. A significant role is assigned to the digital transformation of the electric power industry, since it provides ample opportunities to save resources by accelerating speed and improving the quality of information, new capabilities for production management, and the use of fundamentally new devices and tools.
Forecast of electricity consumption in Yakutia – Strategizing Horizon 2032
Authors: Gulyaev Petr , Grigoryevа Elena
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of strategizing the development of the electric power industry on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in accordance with the scenarios of the development of the fuel and energy complex until 2032. The purpose of the research was to build electricity balances of the Yakutia for a long-term period taking into account the level of uncertainty. Scenarios for the development of the electric power industry have been developed using modeling methods considering the existing programs and schemes for the development of the electric power industry of the Yakutia. The assessment of the required capacity and electricity by 2032 was carried out on the basis of an assessment of the volume of prospective electricity consumption in accordance with the updated forecast of socio-economic development of the Yakutia until 2032. When forecasting individual indicators at the municipal level, disaggregation was carried out, considering the location of electric power facilities. The electricity balances in the forecast model are used to reflect the prospective consumption volumes and possible (potential) volumes of electricity production (generation) at the “available” capacity. In the proposed scenarios of electricity consumption and production, it can be noted that there is no tendency to reduce the electrical capacity of the domestic, regional product. The obtained research results can be used in regional economic management systems.
International standard atmosphere - a tool for technological measurement sovereignty in the aerospace industry
Authors: Kuprikov N.M.
Published: December 2023

When designing aircraft for agriculture, all calculations are carried out for the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions, which makes it possible to compare the results of calculations and flight tests of several aircraft conducted in different climatic zones by recalculating the test results to the parameters of the International Standard Atmosphere, “placing” all aircraft in the same conditions - ISA conditions. Historically, the materials for the development of international standards in the field of ISA were developed in the USSR and formed the basis of international standards ISO, which in turn became the basis of documents ICAO 7488/3 of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and subsequently became state documents on standardisation identical to international standards ISO. The above works were carried out within the framework of the international technical subcommittee on standardisation ISO/TC 20/SC 6 “standard atmosphere”, formed in 1980 as part of the international standardisation body ISO/TC 20/SC 6 “standard atmosphere”. Standardisation is the basis for the unity of measurements. In the Russian Federation, the technical committee on standardisation TC 484 “Standard Atmosphere” was established. The developed model of the International Standard Atmosphere allows us to compare the results of calculations and flight tests of several aircrafts conducted in different climatic zones by recalculating the test results to the parameters of the International Standard Atmosphere, “placing” all aircrafts in the same conditions - ISA conditions. With the development of aviation and space technology, the list of atmospheric parameters subject to normalisation and standardisation is expanding.
Risks of hydraulic shocks in pressure pipelines during aboveground laying in permafrost conditions
Authors: Kapinos O.G. , Tvardovskaya N.V.
Published: December 2023

Under permafrost conditions, there are a large number of factors that complicate the construction and operation of pressure hydraulic transport systems. While designing new pressure systems and reconstructing existing ones, it is necessary to take into account possible unsteady processes in pressure pipelines. Elimination of the consequences of emergency situations accompanied by water leakage is difficult in harsh climatic conditions, while thermal effects on soils are not always possible to avoid. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors that most affect the risk of hydraulic shocks in pressure pipelines during aboveground laying of pipelines characteristic of permafrost areas. The method of characteristics used to solve differential equations of unsteady fluid motion is the basis of a computational model for determining flow parameters in the event of hydraulic shocks. On the basis of the calculations carried out, the diagrams of pressure changes in a pressure pipeline made of steel pipes are analyzed in the article. The influence of the propagation velocity of the hydraulic shock wave and the velocity of the steady-state fluid flow on the nature of the flow of the unsteady process and the amount of pressure during hydraulic shock in the pressure pipeline during overhead laying is estimated. Applying of activities aimed at preventing the occurrence of hydraulic shocks, including combined ones in order to increase the reliability of their action, is much cheaper than replacing damaged pipes and equipment, eliminating washouts with leaking water, loss of drinking water.
Reasponse-spectra method for assessing seismic resistance of structures possibilities and prospects of usage
Authors: Benin A.V. , Zhemchugov-Gitman D. , Kurbanov Kh. , Sorokina G.V. , Uzdin A.M.
Published: December 2023

The issues of using the response-spectra method for calculating the seismic resistance of structures are considered. The physical meaning of the coefficients included in the normative calculation formulas of the response-spectra technique is analyzed, ways of refining these coefficients are indicated. In particular, the dependence of the peak ground acceleration on the design accelerogram period is noted. The issue of obtaining the displacement spectra on the base of the normative spectral curve is considered. It is noted that with the correct setting of the normative coefficients, calculation by the response-spectra method gives more reliable values of the calculated factors. Dynamic calculating of structures over time are only needed for substantially non-linear systems and, possibly, heavily damped systems with non-uniform damping. Single calculation of the structure according to an accelerogram only disorientate the designer. The refined version of the linear spectral technique presented in the paper should be considered as the main method for assessing the seismic resistance of buildings and structures.
Formation of the institution of private ownership of agricultural land in a land -poor mountainous region
Authors: Ivanov Zaur , Sabanchiev Anzor , Zhanokova Marina , Karginova Vera , Khutova Lyudmila
Published: December 2023

Using the established centuries-old experience of most industrialized countries, in which the mechanisms for the functioning and implementation of private land ownership rights are effective, the reform of land relations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic must be carried out primarily through the adoption of measures to ensure that the interests of the entire society are taken into account and protected by conservation, reproduction and efficient use of land resources as the main national wealth. Land is the main, irreplaceable means of production, the most important factor in economic development, and society is interested in the private owner managing it for profit and taking into account public interests. The highest form of democracy is the manifestation of the will of the people through democratic elections, including through a referendum. A referendum allows us to reveal the mood of people and their attitude towards the most important government issues. The will of the people is the guiding principle for government bodies of all branches of government. The proposed Recommendations provide for the regulation of the most important aspects raised during the reform of land legal relations, awareness of which will allow citizens to eliminate uncertainty regarding the need and consequences of introducing private forms of land ownership. An analysis of the situation in the agricultural sector is presented and the basic principles, strategic directions, and stages of land reform are established, which represent successive steps to develop the institution of private ownership of agricultural land in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
Influence of magnetic-pulse treatment on wear resistance of machine parts
Authors: Pogrebnaya Irina , Mikhailova Svetlana
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study is: the impact of magnetic pulse processing on the performance properties - wear resistance and durability of parts of various units, machines, complexes. Method: the method is based on the use of the combined effect of magnetic fields on a mechanical engineering structure. The behavior of parts under the influence of strong magnetic fields is described. Result: the main advantages of the behavior of the processed material when exposed to a magnetic flux are determined. Conclusion: the use of magnetic influence on structural materials is considered a progressive method, which provides a number of advantages compared to other influences. This method allows you to change the structure of the metal itself, and therefore its physical and mechanical properties, which allows you to improve the performance characteristics of not only parts, but also the product as a whole.
Film casting technology for aluminium oxide ceramic substrates
Authors: Pletnev Pеter , Nepochatov Yury
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the technology of aluminum oxide ceramic substrates formation by film casting using "KEKO" line (Slovenia). Components of binder (dispersion phase) including polymeric bonding agent, plasticizer, dispersant, solvent are presented. The following binder components were used: polymeric binder - polyvinyl butyral, plasticizer - dibutyl phthalate, dispersant - fish oil and solvent - mixture of toluene and ethanol. The preparation regimes for the slurry, casting and lamination of the ceramic strip are given. According to the thermal analysis (DSC and TG) of raw corundum substrate the main mass of the removed binder occurs in the temperature range 240-450oC, the observed exo-effects in this temperature range are caused by successive processes of decomposition and removal of binder components. Based on the results of thermal analysis the regime of organic component removal from the "raw blanks-substrates" which provides for heating to a temperature of 500oC with a given rate of heating and cooling is determined. The technology of film-casting provides obtaining raw billet-substrate with a given density and the necessary technological strength. We experimentally set the firing mode of corundum substrates in vacuum (0.1-1.0 Pa) at a speed of temperature 100оС/h to 1450оС with an exposure time of 2 hours, then at a speed of 60оС/h to a maximum temperature of 1620-1660оС with an exposure time of 4 hours. The substrates were cooled at a rate of 100oC/h. The structure of the annealed substrates is represented by corundum crystals with sizes predominantly not more than 10 microns, intergrain porosity not more than 0.5%. Sintered products have high density and minimum number of defects.
Analytical determination of the safe distance from pits and excavations for driving piles into the ground
Authors: Rikhsieva Barno , Khusanov Bakhtiyar
Published: December 2023

The theoretical determination of the safe distance from pits and excavations for driving piles into the ground requires taking into account a number of factors, including the mechanical characteristics of soil, the depth of pile driving, the size of the pit or excavation, etc. The safe distance should be sufficient to prevent collapse of the walls of the excavation and it is determined based on geotechnical analysis, modeling, and calculations using specialized software programs and methods. This allows for considering all the influencing factors and ensuring safety when driving piles and performing construction work. In this article, one of the partial, but practically important options is considered - determining a safe place for driving piles into the ground near excavations or the boundaries of digging a pit for neighboring buildings. With the use of a bipolar coordinate frame, a condition was obtained by the analytical method, which makes it possible to determine at what distance from the wall of the excavation it is safe to drive piles.