bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Spatial and Temporal Variation of Cd:P in Euphotic Zone Particulates
Authors: Bourne H. L. , Bishop J. K. B. , Lam P. J. , Ohnemus D. C.
Published: June 2018

Concentrations of Cd and P were determined in particle samples collected using the multiple unit large volume in situ filtration system (MULVFS) from 50 profiles at 34 different locations throughout the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans since 1991. Consistent methodology has been used. This data set of Cd:P in size fractionated particles gives insight into the processes that lead to differences in regional Cd:P particle values as well as how the formation and remineralization of these particles lead to dissolved deep water ratios that increase from the North Atlantic to the North Pacific. With large spatial and temporal variation, this data set allows us to study the effects of an El Niño, upwelling, large‐scale in situ Fe fertilization, low‐oxygen conditions, and seasonal variation on the Cd:P in particles. Overall, Cd:P tends to be higher (~1–2 mmol/mol) in particles gathered in biologically dynamic waters and is much lower (typically ~0.1 mmol/mol) in oligotrophic regions. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we investigate how euphotic zone parameters important to photosynthesis including nitrate, phosphate, silicate, temperature, and euphotic zone depth affect the Cd:P ratio in particles. Using the results of the analysis, we create global seasonal maps of predicted particulate Cd:P distributions. We find that three factors—local dissolved nitrate, silicate concentrations, and euphotic zone depth—can predict 59% of the variation in particulate Cd:P. We verified our projections using in situ filtration samples collected during GEOTRACES expeditions GA03 (North Atlantic) and GP16 (South Pacific).
Seismicity Distribution Near a Subducting Seamount in the Central Ecuadorian Subduction Zone, Space‐Time Relation to a Slow‐Slip Event
Authors: Segovia Mónica , Font Yvonne , Régnier Marc , Charvis Philippe , Galve Audrey , Nocquet Jean‐Mathieu , Jarrín Paul , Hello Yann , Ruiz Mario , Pazmiño Andres
Published: June 2018

A temporary onshore‐offshore seismic network deployed during the 2‐year period of the Observación SISmológica en ECuador project provides a detailed and well‐focused image of the seismicity for magnitudes as low as 2.1 at the Central Ecuadorian subduction zone. During this 2‐year experiment, the shallow and locked subduction patch shows little evidence of background seismicity that instead occurred downdip of the coupled patch at ~20‐km depth. In this region, seismicity is possibly controlled by the crustal faults bounding the sedimentary basin of Manabí and the rheology of the upper plate. The dip angle of the interplate contact zone, defined by a smooth interpolation through the hypocenters of thrust events, is consistent with a progressive increase from 6° to 25° from the trench to 20‐km depth. Offshore, a seismic swarm, concomitant with a slow‐slip event rupturing the highly coupled subduction megathrust, highlights the reactivation of secondary active faults within the thickened crust of the subducting Carnegie Ridge at the leading edge of a large oceanic seamount.
The Structure of Southwest Taiwan: The Development of a Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt on a Margins Outer Shelf and Slope
Authors: Biete Cristina , Alvarez‐Marron Joaquina , Brown Dennis , Kuo‐Chen Hao
Published: June 2018

The southwest Taiwan fold‐and‐thrust belt is forming on the outer shelf and slope of the Eurasian continental margin. It comprises a roughly N‐S striking, west verging imbricate thrust system that has been developing since the Late Miocene. Here we present the results of new surface geological mapping from which we construct balanced and restored cross sections and along‐strike sections. From these we compile maps of the basal thrust, thrust branch lines and, where possible, stratigraphic cutoffs. To interpret the structure in the subsurface and beneath the basal thrust, we use a P wave velocity of 5.2 km/s as a proxy for the top of the Mesozoic basement. We divide the southwest Taiwan fold‐and‐thrust belt into a number of thrust sheets that form the basis of our description and interpretations. From these data we interpret the 3‐D structure of the fold‐and‐thrust belt and the influence that the structure and morphology of the continental margin is having on its development. We show that there is a significant along‐strike change in the structure. This change takes place across a transverse zone that is composed of a suite of structures at the surface. We suggest that this transverse zone has a causal relationship with variations in the geometry of the basal thrust which in turn is related to (possibly fault bounded) basement highs and lows that are inherited from the continental margin.
Architecture and Kinematics of the Constance‐Frick Trough (Northern Switzerland): Implications for the Formation of Post‐Variscan Basins in the Foreland of the Alps and Scenarios of Their Neogene Reactivation
Authors: Madritsch Herfried , Naef Henry , Meier Beat , Franzke Hans Joachim , Schreurs Guido
Published: June 2018

Post‐Variscan basins are commonly inferred to represent important precursor structures of later extensional and contractional tectonic events in the foreland of the European Alps. Nevertheless, their structural characteristics are typically poorly constrained. Our investigation sheds new light on the architecture and kinematics of the Constance‐Frick Trough (CFT) in Northern Switzerland. According to our analysis of an extensive and revised 2‐D reflection seismic data set, the ENE‐WSW striking CFT is divided into an eastern segment and a western segment characterized by opposing half‐graben geometries. The transition between the two segments coincides with the prolongation of a preexisting WNW‐ESE trending strike‐slip fault zone exposed in the adjacent Black Forest Massif to the north. Field‐based analysis of outcrop‐scale faults in the latter area implies that the minimum horizontal stress during the formation of the CFT was roughly oriented NE‐SW, which is oblique to the trough axis. While previously published analogue models imply that some characteristics of the CFT could be explained by lateral linkage of graben segments under oblique extension, the pronounced half‐graben geometry of the CFT suggests that low‐angle normal faulting may also have contributed to trough formation. The observed structural complexities of the CFT and uncertainties regarding its deep structure must be taken into account for interpretations of similar Late Paleozoic basins inferred in the subsurface of the northern Alpine foreland basin, in particular, concerning scenarios of their Neogene reactivation during Alpine orogeny.
Basic Dykes Crosscutting the Crystalline Basement of Valsugana (Italy): New Evidence of Early Triassic Volcanism in the Southern Alps
Authors: Bianchini Gianluca , Natali Claudio , Shibata Tomoyuki , Yoshikawa Masako
Published: June 2018

Basic dykes crosscutting the crystalline basement in Valsugana (Southern Alps, Italy) have been investigated for the first time in the framework of the known tectonomagmatic cycles. Petrographic observations and bulk rock analyses suggest a serial affinity variable between calc‐alkaline (subordinate) and shoshonitic (prevalent), which are generally ascribed to a convergent plate setting. This is confirmed by Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic analyses that display extreme values that are often observed in postcollisional settings. A bulk rock Rb‐Sr pseudoisochron suggests an age of the magmatism around 260 Ma, whereas K‐Ar datings yield ages between 227 and 251 Ma, suggesting that these dykes plausibly represent a transition between the Permian and the Triassic volcanic episodes that are known in neighboring sectors of the Southern Alps. Considering that Permo‐Triassic active subduction beneath the South Alpine is scarcely constrained, we ascribe the metasomatism of the related mantle sources to the Variscan cycle, proposing that magma genesis was delayed with respect to the time of the active subduction(s). According to recent reconstructions, parts of southeastern Europe, including the South Alpine domain, were formed by the breakup of the northern Gondwana margin from the Late Cambrian, in connection with important transtensional movements, leaving rifted continental basins or narrow oceanic seaways. In our view, the subduction processes that induced metasomatism in mantle sources of the South Alpine region occurred in the connection with the subsequent (Carboniferous?) consumption of lithosphere of these basins, a framework that is compatible with pervasive recycling of continental crust components within the mantle wedge. Then, calc‐alkaline/shoshonite magmatism was triggered in the Early Triassic by postcollisional extensional tectonics that followed the Variscan orogenic cycle.
Spatial Patterns of Water Age: Using Young Water Fractions to Improve the Characterization of Transit Times in Contrasting Catchments
Authors: Lutz S. R. , Krieg R. , Müller C. , Zink M. , Knöller K. , Samaniego L. , Merz R.
Published: June 2018

Transit time distributions (TTDs) are crucial descriptors of flow and transport processes in catchments, which can be determined from stable water isotope data. Recently, the young water fraction (Fyw) has been introduced as an additional metric derivable from seasonal isotope cycles. In this study, we calculated Fyw and TTDs using monthly isotope data from 24 contrasting subcatchments in a mesoscale catchment (3,300 km2) in Germany. Fyw ranged from 0.01 to 0.27 (mean = 0.11) and was smallest in mountainous catchments. Assuming gamma‐shaped TTDs, we determined stationary TTDs with the convolution integral method for each subcatchment. The convolution integral was first calibrated against the isotope data only (i.e., traditional calibration) and, second, using a multiobjective calibration with the Fyw estimates as an additional constraint. This yielded largely differing TTD parameters even for neighboring catchments, with Fyw values below 0.1 generally involving a delayed peak in TTDs (i.e., gamma‐distribution shape parameter > 1). While the traditional calibration resulted in large uncertainties in TTD parameters, these uncertainties were reduced with the multiobjective calibration, thereby improving the assessment of mean transit times (2 years on average, ranging between 9.6 months and 5.6 years). This highlights the need for uncertainty assessment when using simple isotope models and shows that the traditional calibration might not yield an optimum solution in that it may give a TTD nonconsistent with Fyw. Given the robustness of Fyw estimates, isotope models should thus aim at accurately describing both Fyw and measured isotope data in order to improve the description of flow and transport in catchments.
If Disney Princesses Were Earth and Environmental Scientists…
Authors: Kumar Mohi
Published: June 2018

Welcome to an alternate universe where happily ever after includes a dedication to the scientific method.
Significant Role of Orography in Shaping the Northern Hadley Circulation and Its Poleward Expansion During Boreal Summer
Authors: Cheng Jianbo , Xu Zhihang , Hu Po , Hou Xiaoya , Gao Chenbin , Hu Shujuan , Feng Guolin
Published: June 2018

The southward circulation embedded within the conventional northward circulation of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) Hadley circulation (HC) is defined as a minor circulation. Motivated by the vital influence of this minor circulation, we investigate whether the minor circulation in the NH HC is a robust feature during boreal summer (June to September). Our results show that although the uncorrected NH HC includes the minor circulation, the corrected NH HC is characterized as one single northward circulation regardless of the reanalysis data set and method used. This finding implies that the minor circulation concept is introduced by not considering orography (i.e., surface pressure). After correction, the significance and degree of the poleward expansion of the NH HC during boreal summer are obviously reduced. We also note that regional biases in the meridional wind can result in considerable biases throughout the entire NH HC via the process of vertical integration.
Soft tissue sarcoma affecting the right shoulder of a man with paraplegia from a remote traumatic spinal cord injury: a case report
Authors: Franz Colin K. , Dalamagkas Kyriakos , Jordan Lewis A. , Spill Gayle R.
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are getting older due to a combination of increased life expectancy and older age at the time of injury. This trend makes it more likely for these patients to have other chronic health conditions including cancer. Inevitably relatively rare cancers such as soft tissue sarcomas (STS), which are more common with advancing age, will occur in some SCI patients. The present case represents the first report of a limb STS in a patient with chronic paraplegia from a traumatic SCI.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 50-year-old right handed male with a T6 chronic, complete SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A) who presented with a large mass involving his right shoulder musculature that was determined to be a high grade spindle cell sarcoma. The patient was followed closely by Physiatry over an approximately 6-month time course including prior to his tumor diagnosis, during the pre-radiation and pre-surgical planning phase, and then post-operatively for his acute inpatient rehabilitation. He was successfully discharged home to live alone in his accessible apartment complex.

Discussion

This case is the first ever reported case of a person living with a traumatic SCI who subsequently developed a limb STS. In addition to its novelty, this case illustrates how health conditions such as rare cancers are presenting more often as the chronic SCI population is getting older, which creates both unique diagnostic and management challenges for cancer rehabilitation specialists.
CNS relapse in patients with DLBCL treated with lenalidomide plus R-CHOP (R2CHOP): analysis from two phase 2 studies
Authors: Ayed Ayed O. , Chiappella Annalisa , Pederson Levi , Laplant Betsy R. , Congiu Angela Giovanna , Gaidano Gianluca , Spina Michele , Re Alessandro , Cavallo Federica , Musuraca Gerardo , Macon William R. , Witzig Thomas , Vitolo Umberto , Nowakowski Grzegorz S.
Published: June 2018

Central nervous system (CNS) relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a devastating event occurring in ~ 5% of patients treated with R-CHOP. We hypothesized that adding lenalidomide to R-CHOP (R2CHOP) may decrease the risk of CNS relapse. We analyzed records for patients with DLBCL from two R2CHOP trials. We assessed variables pertinent to the CNS-International Prognostic Index (CNS-IPI) scoring system and classified patients into groups of low, intermediate, and high risk of CNS relapse. The 2-year CNS relapse rate for each risk group was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with reported rates in cohorts treated with contemporary chemoimmunotherapy. A total of 136 patients were included. Mean age was 65 and median follow-up was 48.2 months. 10.3, 71.3, and 18.4% of patients were classified into low, intermediate, and high-risk CNS-IPI groups, respectively. Only one of 136 patients developed CNS relapse, corresponding to an incidence of 0.7% and an estimated 2-year CNS relapse rate of 0.9% for the entire R2CHOP cohort. The estimated 2-year CNS relapse rates for the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups were 0, 0, and 5.0%, respectively. Frontline therapy with R2CHOP in patients with DLBCL is associated with a lower-than-expected rate of CNS relapse.
Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: treatment algorithm 2018
Authors: Finazzi Guido , De Stefano Valerio , Barbui Tiziano
Published: June 2018

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a leading cause of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT). SVT is observed in all MPNs and frequently affects young patients. Therapy should be addressed to three main goals: preventing thrombosis recurrence, managing the underlying MPN, and supporting liver dysfunction. Life-long oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists is the cornerstone of the antithrombotic treatment. However, recurrences of SVT or other thrombosis may occur in 15–20% of patients. Direct oral anticoagulants can represent an alternative and preliminary data encourage comparative studies. Survival of patients with SVT in MPN is primarily influenced by the natural history of the underlying neoplasms, rather than the SVT event. An aggressive management is recommended and a treatment algorithm based on the different MPN subtypes is proposed. Hydroxyurea is the cytoreductive drug of choice in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, whereas ruxolitinib is indicated in intermediate and high-risk patients with myelofibrosis and in PV patients resistant or intolerant to hydroxyurea. The management of SVT in MPNs requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include a hematologist, a gastroenterologist, an interventional radiologist, and a surgeon. In the case of clinical deterioration despite pharmacological therapy, patients with SVT should be considered for invasive procedures or liver transplantation.
Enumerating all possible biosynthetic pathways in metabolic networks
Authors: Ravikrishnan Aarthi , Nasre Meghana , Raman Karthik
Published: June 2018

Exhaustive identification of all possible alternate pathways that exist in metabolic networks can provide valuable insights into cellular metabolism. With the growing number of metabolic reconstructions, there is a need for an efficient method to enumerate pathways, which can also scale well to large metabolic networks, such as those corresponding to microbial communities. We developed MetQuest, an efficient graph-theoretic algorithm to enumerate all possible pathways of a particular size between a given set of source and target molecules. Our algorithm employs a guided breadth-first search to identify all feasible reactions based on the availability of the precursor molecules, followed by a novel dynamic-programming based enumeration, which assembles these reactions into pathways of a specified size producing the target from the source. We demonstrate several interesting applications of our algorithm, ranging from identifying amino acid biosynthesis pathways to identifying the most diverse pathways involved in degradation of complex molecules. We also illustrate the scalability of our algorithm, by studying large graphs such as those corresponding to microbial communities, and identify several metabolic interactions happening therein. MetQuest is available as a Python package, and the source codes can be found at https://github.com/RamanLab/metquest.
Cluster-assembled zirconia substrates promote long-term differentiation and functioning of human islets of Langerhans
Authors: Galli Alessandra , Maffioli Elisa , Sogne Elisa , Moretti Stefania , Di Cairano Eliana Sara , Negri Armando , Nonnis Simona , Norata Giuseppe Danilo , Bonacina Fabrizia , Borghi Francesca , Podestà Alessandro , Bertuzzi Federico , Milani Paolo , Lenardi Cristina , Tedeschi Gabriella , Perego Carla
Published: June 2018

Ex vivo expansion and differentiation of human pancreatic β-cell are enabling steps of paramount importance for accelerating the development of therapies for diabetes. The success of regenerative strategies depends on their ability to reproduce the chemical and biophysical properties of the microenvironment in which β-cells develop, proliferate and function. In this paper we focus on the biophysical properties of the extracellular environment and exploit the cluster-assembled zirconia substrates with tailored roughness to mimic the nanotopography of the extracellular matrix. We demonstrate that β-cells can perceive nanoscale features of the substrate and can convert these stimuli into mechanotransductive processes which promote long-term in vitro human islet culture, thus preserving β-cell differentiation and function. Proteomic and quantitative immunofluorescence analyses demonstrate that the process is driven by nanoscale topography, via remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton and nuclear architecture. These modifications activate a transcriptional program which stimulates an adaptive metabolic glucose response. Engineered cluster-assembled substrates coupled with proteomic approaches may provide a useful strategy for identifying novel molecular targets for treating diabetes mellitus and for enhancing tissue engineering in order to improve the efficacy of islet cell transplantation therapies.
Genetic variants in systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility loci, XKR6 and GLT1D1 are associated with childhood-onset SLE in a Korean cohort
Authors: Joo Young Bin , Lim Jiwoo , Tsao Betty P. , Nath Swapan K. , Kim Kwangwoo , Bae Sang-Cheol
Published: June 2018

Impact of genetic variants on the age of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) onset was not fully understood. We investigated a cumulative effect of SLE-risk variants on the age of SLE onset and scanned genome-wide SNPs to search for new risk loci of childhood-onset SLE (cSLE). We analyzed 781 Korean single-center SLE subjects who previously genotyped by both Immunochip and genome-wide SNP arrays. Individual genetic risk scores (GRS) from well-validated SLE susceptibility loci were calculated and tested for their association with cSLE (<16 years at onset). Single-variant association tests were performed using a multivariable logistic regression adjusting for population stratification. GRS from SLE susceptibility loci was significantly higher in cSLE than aSLE (p = 1.23 × 10−3). Two SNPs, rs7460469 inXKR6(p = 1.26 × 10−8, OR = 5.58) and rs7300146 inGLT1D1p = 1.49 × 10−8, OR = 2.85), showed the most significant associations with cSLE. The model consisting of GRS of SLE and two newly identified loci showed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.71 in a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for prediction of cSLE. In conclusion, cSLE is associated with a high cumulative SLE-risk effect and two novel SNPs rs7460469 and rs7300146, providing the first predictive model for cSLE in Koreans.
Direct methanol synthesis from methane in a plasma-catalyst hybrid system at low temperature using metal oxide-coated glass beads
Authors: Lee Heesoo , Kim Do Heui
Published: June 2018

A plasma-catalyst hybrid system was used to synthesize methanol directly from methane. A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma combined with the catalyst was introduced in order to overcome the difficulties of catalyst-only batch reactions such as high reaction pressure and separation of liquid product. Of the transition metal oxides, Mn2O3-coated glass bead showed the highest methanol yield of about 12.3% in the plasma-catalyst hybrid system. The reaction temperature was maintained below 100 °C due to the low plasma input power (from 1.3 kJ/L to 4.5 kJ/L). Furthermore, the reactivity of the catalyst was maintained for 10 hr without changing the selectivity. The results indicated that the plasma-induced OH radical might be produced on the Mn2O3 catalyst, which led to methanol synthesis.
Catalysis of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase unraveled and improved by mutability landscape guided engineering
Authors: Abdallah Ingy I. , van Merkerk Ronald , Klumpenaar Esmée , Quax Wim J.
Published: June 2018

Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) cyclizes the substrate farnesyl pyrophosphate to produce amorpha-4,11-diene as a major product. This is considered the first committed and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the antimalarial artemisinin. Here, we utilize a reported 3D model of ADS to perform mutability landscape guided enzyme engineering. A mutant library of 258 variants along sixteen active site residues was created then screened for catalytic activity and product profile. This allowed for identification of the role of some of these residues in the mechanism. R262 constrains the released pyrophosphate group along with magnesium ions. The aromatic residues (W271, Y519 and F525) stabilize the intermediate carbocations while T296, G400, G439 and L515 help with the 1,6- and 1,10-ring closures. Finally, W271 is suggested to act as active site base along with T399, which ensures regioselective deprotonation. The mutability landscape also helped determine variants with improved catalytic activity. H448A showed ~4 fold increase in catalytic efficiency and the double mutation T399S/H448A improved kcat by 5 times. This variant can be used to enhance amorphadiene production and in turn artemisinin biosynthesis. Our findings provide the basis for the first step in improving industrial production of artemisinin and they open up possibilities for further engineering and understanding of ADS.
Early alteration of epigenetic-related transcription in Huntington’s disease mouse models
Authors: Hervás-Corpión Irati , Guiretti Deisy , Alcaraz-Iborra Manuel , Olivares Román , Campos-Caro Antonio , Barco Ángel , Valor Luis M.
Published: June 2018

Transcriptional dysregulation in Huntington’s disease (HD) affects the expression of genes involved in survival and neuronal functions throughout the progression of the pathology. In recent years, extensive research has focused on epigenetic and chromatin-modifying factors as a causative explanation for such dysregulation, offering attractive targets for pharmacological therapies. In this work, we extensively examined the gene expression profiles in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum of juvenile R6/1 and N171-82Q mice, models of rapidly progressive HD, to retrieve the early transcriptional signatures associated with this pathology. These profiles were largely consistent across HD datasets, contained tissular and neuronal-specific genes and showed significant correspondence with the transcriptional changes in mouse strains deficient for epigenetic regulatory genes. The most prominent cases were the conditional knockout of the lysine acetyltransferase CBP in post-mitotic forebrain neurons, the double knockout of the histone methyltransferases Ezh1 and Ezh2, components of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), and the conditional mutants of the histone methyltransferases G9a (Ehmt2) and GLP (Ehmt1). Based on these observations, we propose that the neuronal epigenetic status is compromised in the prodromal stages of HD, leading to an altered transcriptional programme that is prominently involved in neuronal identity.
Earth’s youngest banded iron formation implies ferruginous conditions in the Early Cambrian ocean
Authors: Li Zhi-Quan , Zhang Lian-Chang , Xue Chun-Ji , Zheng Meng-Tian , Zhu Ming-Tian , Robbins Leslie J. , Slack John F. , Planavsky Noah J. , Konhauser Kurt O.
Published: June 2018

It has been proposed that anoxic and iron-rich (ferruginous) marine conditions were common through most of Earth history. This view represents a major shift in our understanding of the evolution of marine chemistry. However, thus far, evidence for ferruginous conditions comes predominantly from Fe-speciation data. Given debate over these records, new evidence for Fe-rich marine conditions is a requisite if we are to shift our view regarding evolution of the marine redox landscape. Here we present strong evidence for ferruginous conditions by describing a suite of Fe-rich chemical sedimentary rocks—banded iron formation (BIF)—-deposited during the Early Cambrian in western China. Specifically, we provide new U-Pb geochronological data that confirm a depositional age of ca. 527 Ma for this unit, as well as rare earth element (REE) data are consistent with anoxic deposition. Similar to many Algoma-type Precambrian iron formations, these Early Cambrian sediments precipitated in a back-arc rift basin setting, where hydrothermally sourced iron drove the deposition of a BIF-like protolith, the youngest ever reported of regional extent without direct links to volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. Their presence indicates that marine environments were still characterized by chemical- and redox-stratification, thus supporting the view that—despite a dearth of modern marine analogues—ferruginous conditions continued to locally be a feature of early Phanerozoic seawater.
Complex Network Geometry and Frustrated Synchronization
Authors: Millán Ana P. , Torres Joaquín J. , Bianconi Ginestra
Published: June 2018

The dynamics of networks of neuronal cultures has been recently shown to be strongly dependent on the network geometry and in particular on their dimensionality. However, this phenomenon has been so far mostly unexplored from the theoretical point of view. Here we reveal the rich interplay between network geometry and synchronization of coupled oscillators in the context of a simplicial complex model of manifolds called Complex Network Manifold. The networks generated by this model combine small world properties (infinite Hausdorff dimension) and a high modular structure with finite and tunable spectral dimension. We show that the networks display frustrated synchronization for a wide range of the coupling strength of the oscillators, and that the synchronization properties are directly affected by the spectral dimension of the network.
The Genome Sequences of 90 Mushrooms
Authors: Li Huiying , Wu Surui , Ma Xiao , Chen Wei , Zhang Jing , Duan Shengchang , Gao Yun , Kui Ling , Huang Wenli , Wu Peng , Shi Ruoyu , Li Yifan , Wang Yuanzhong , Li Jieqing , Guo Xiang , Luo Xiaoli , Li Qiang , Xiong Chuan , Liu Honggao , Gui Mingying , Sheng Jun , Dong Yang
Published: June 2018

Macrofungus is defined as the fungus that grows an observable sporocarp. The sporocarps of many species are commonly called mushrooms and consumed by people all around the world as food and/or medicine. Most macrofungi belong to the divisions Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, which are estimated to contain more than 80,000 species in total. We report the draft genome assemblies of macrofungi (83 Basidiomycetes species and 7 Ascomycetes species) based on Illumina sequencing. The genome sizes of these species ranged from 27.4 Mb (Hygrophorus russula) to 202.2 MB (Chroogomphus rutilus). The numbers of protein-coding genes were predicted in the range of 9,511 (Hygrophorus russula) to 52,289 (Craterellus lutescens). This study provides the largest genomic dataset for macrofungi species. This resource will facilitate the artificial cultivation of edible mushrooms and the discovery of novel drug candidates.
N-doped catalytic graphitized hard carbon for high-performance lithium/sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Ning , Liu Qinglei , Sun Boya , Gu Jiajun , Yu Boxuan , Zhang Wang , Zhang Di
Published: June 2018

Hard carbon attracts wide attentions as the anode for high-energy rechargeable batteries due to its low cost and high theoretical capacities. However, the intrinsically disordered microstructure gives it poor electrical conductivity and unsatisfactory rate performance. Here we report a facile synthesis of N-doped graphitized hard carbon via a simple carbonization and activation of a urea-soaked self-crosslinked Co-alginate for the high-performance anode of lithium/sodium-ion batteries. Owing to the catalytic graphitization of Co and the introduction of nitrogen-functional groups, the hard carbon shows structural merits of ordered expanded graphitic layers, hierarchical porous channels, and large surface area. Applying in the anode of lithium/sodium-ion batteries, the large surface area and the existence of nitrogen functional groups can improve the specific capacity by surface adsorption and faradic reaction, while the hierarchical porous channels and expanded graphitic layers can provide facilitate pathways for electrolyte and improve the rate performance. In this way, our hard carbon provides its feasibility to serve as an advanced anode material for high-energy rechargeable lithium/sodium-ion batteries.
Apparent diffusion coefficient histogram in breast cancer brain metastases may predict their biological subtype and progression
Authors: Ahn Sung Jun , Park Mijin , Bang Sungkyu , Cho Eunseo , Ahn Sung Gwe , Suh Sang Hyun , Lee Jong-Min
Published: June 2018

Our aims for this study were to investigate the relationship between diffusion weighted image (DWI) parameters of brain metastases (BMs) and biological markers of breast cancer, and moreover, to assess whether DWI parameters accurately predict patient outcomes. DWI data for 34 patients with BMs from breast cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram parameters were calculated from all measurable BMs. Two region of interest (ROI) methods are used for the analysis: from the largest BM or from all measurable BMs per one patient. ADC histogram parameters were compared between positive and negative groups depending on ER/PR and HER2 statuses. Overall survival analysis after BM (OSBM) and BM-specific progression-free survival (BMPFS) was analyzed with ADC parameters. Regardless of ROI methods, 25th percentile of ADC histogram was significantly lower in the ER/PR-positive group than in the ER/PR-negative group (P < 0.05). Using ROIs from all measurable BMs, Peak location, 50th percentile, 75th percentile, and mean value of ADC histogram were also significantly lower in the ER/PR-positive group than in the ER/PR-negative group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between HER2-postive and negative group. On univariate analysis, using ROIs from all measurable BMs, lower 25th percentile, 50th percentile and mean of ADC were significant predictors for poor BMPFS. ADC histogram analysis may have a prognostic value over ER/PR status as well as BMPFS.
New dates on dingo bones from Madura Cave provide oldest firm evidence for arrival of the species in Australia
Authors: Balme Jane , O’Connor Sue , Fallon Stewart
Published: June 2018

The dingo is the only placental land mammal aside from murids and bats to have made the water crossings to reach Australia prior to European arrival. It is thought that they arrived as a commensal animal with people, some time in the mid Holocene. However, the timing of their arrival is still a subject of major debate with published age estimates varying widely. This is largely because the age estimates for dingo arrival are based on archaeological deposit dates and genetic divergence estimates, rather than on the dingo bones themselves. Currently, estimates vary from between 5000–4000 years ago, for finds from archaeological contexts, and as much as 18,000 based on DNA age estimates. The timing of dingo arrival is important as post arrival they transformed Indigenous societies across mainland Australia and have been implicated in the extinction of a number of animals including the Tasmanian tiger. Here we present the results of direct dating of dingo bones from their oldest known archaeological context, Madura Cave on the Nullarbor Plain. These dates demonstrate that dingoes were in southern Australia by between 3348 and 3081 years ago. We suggest that following their introduction the dingo may have spread extremely rapidly throughout mainland Australia.
High content screen for identifying small-molecule LC3B-localization modulators in a renal cancer cell line
Authors: Kolla Likhitha , Heo David S. , Rosenberg Daniel P. , Barlow Sara A. , Maximova Anna A. , Cassio Emily E. , Buchser William J.
Published: June 2018

Forms of selective autophagy have now been recognized to regulate flux in many intracellular processes. Specific pathways and functions have been identified for mitophagy, ERphagy, and other selective autophagies; yet there is no consensus in whether and how autophagy regulates protein maintenance in and around the nucleus. Such processes are of interest for potential degradation of DNA and nuclear envelope proteins in various disease states. The mechanistic details of such nucleus-related autophagic processes remain elusive due to the lack of chemical or genetic regulators to manipulate and follow the process in vitro. Here, we describe a high content screen from which we identified small chemical compounds that can modulate the localization of the autophagy marker MAP1LC3B (LC3) in renal carcinoma cells. We also describe a pipeline designed for the execution and analysis of high content screens. The chemical tools discerned from this screen will allow for the deeper exploration of the mechanism, regulation, and molecular targets of nuclear-localized LC3 in perturbed cellular states.
Facile synthesis of a red light-inducible overall water-splitting photocatalyst using gold as a solid-state electron mediator
Authors: Kamijyo Kento , Takashima Toshihiro , Yoda Masaomi , Osaki Junya , Irie Hiroshi
Published: June 2018

We have prepared a solid-state heterojunction photocatalyst, which can split pure water in nearly the entire range of visible light with wavelengths of up to 740 nm.
Drastic rearrangement of self-assembled hydrogen-bonded tapes in a molecular crystal
Authors: Donoshita Masaki , Hayashi Mikihiro , Ikeda Ryuichi , Yoshida Yukihiro , Morikawa Shota , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: June 2018

A 2 : 1 hydrogen-bonded crystal of 2-pyrrolidone and chloranilic acid shows structural phase transitions accompanied by the drastic rearrangement of hydrogen-bonded tapes.
Correction: In vitro selection of electrochemical peptide probes using bioorthogonal tRNA for influenza virus detection
Authors: K. C. Tara Bahadur , Tada Seiichi , Zhu Liping , Uzawa Takanori , Minagawa Noriko , Luo Shyh-Chyang , Zhao Haichao , Yu Hsiao-hua , Aigaki Toshiro , Ito Yoshihiro
Published: June 2018

Correction for ‘In vitro selection of electrochemical peptide probes using bioorthogonal tRNA for influenza virus detection’ by Tara Bahadur K. C. et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 5201–5204.
Tailoring the morphology of Co-doped MoS2 for enhanced hydrodeoxygenation performance of p-cresol
Authors: Song Wenjing , Nie Tianming , Lai Weikun , Yang Weimin , Jiang Xingmao
Published: June 2018

Hierarchical Co-doped MoS2 catalysts with tunable nanostructures were fabricated, which exhibit structure-sensitivity for p-cresol hydrodeoxygenation to hydrocarbons.
A rough guide to molecular solid solutions: design, synthesis and characterization of mixed crystals
Authors: Lusi Matteo
Published: June 2018

Recent literature on molecular solid solutions is reviewed and general empirical rules to help synthesize mixed crystals are summarised.
High contrast mechanochromic and thermochromic luminescence switching by a deep red emitting organic crystal
Authors: Panda Manas K. , Ravi Nayana , Asha P. , Prakasham A. P.
Published: June 2018

In this study, we report a deep red emissive organic crystal that displays high contrast fluorescence switching under mechanical and thermal stimulation.
2D networks of metallo-capsules and other coordination polymers from a hexapodal ligand
Authors: Thorp-Greenwood Flora L. , Berry Gilberte Therese , Boyadjieva Sophia S. , Oldknow Samuel , Hardie Michaele J.
Published: June 2018

2D M3L2coordination polymers (M = Re(i), Cu(ii), Co(ii), Ni(ii)) feature metal-linked M6L2-cages, and the Re(i) material absorbs iodine.
Direct water-based synthesis and characterization of new Zr/Hf-MOFs with dodecanuclear clusters as IBUs
Authors: Waitschat Steve , Reinsch Helge , Arpacioglu Merve , Stock Norbert
Published: June 2018

A new azo-dicarboxylic acid led within 40 minutes to layered Zr/Hf-MOFs with the rare Zr–O cluster {Zr12O8(OH)14}.
Effects of substituents on luminescent efficiency of stable triaryl methyl radicals
Authors: Dong Shengzhi , Xu Wei , Guo Haoqing , Yan Wenfu , Zhang Ming , Li Feng
Published: June 2018

The factors affecting the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of perchlorotriphenyl methyl (PTM) and tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical derivatives were studied systematically for the first time.
Strategic design of thiophene-fused nickel dithiolene derivatives for efficient NLO response
Authors: Majumder Manoj , Misra Anirban
Published: June 2018

The zwitterionic donor–acceptor group significantly reduces the HOMO–LUMO energy gap resulting in an enormous increase in the first hyperpolarizability values.
Electronic and structural properties of fluorene–thiophene copolymers as function of the composition ratio between the moieties: a theoretical study
Authors: Benatto L. , Marchiori C. F. N. , da Luz M. G. E. , Koehler M.
Published: June 2018

Through theoretical analysis, we study relevant properties of some molecular structures formed by oligothiophenes (T) and dioctylfluorenes (F) units, like the exciton binding energy (Eb) and dipole moment, important for the efficiency of different kinds of optical and electronic devices.
Disordered peptide chains in an α-C-based coarse-grained model
Authors: Mioduszewski Łukasz , Cieplak Marek
Published: June 2018

A one-bead-per-residue coarse-grained dynamical model for intrinsically disordered proteins is proposed. It distinguishes between the backbone and sidechain interactions.
Structural investigations of SnS1−xSexsolid solution synthesized from chalcogeno-carboxylate complexes of organo-tin by colloidal and solvent-less routes
Authors: Khan Malik Dilshad , Aamir Muhammad , Murtaza Ghulam , Malik Mohammad Azad , Revaprasadu Neerish
Published: June 2018

Tin chalcogenides are important semiconducting materials due to their non-toxic nature, cost effectiveness and layered structure.
Formation of arrays of planar, murine, intestinal crypts possessing a stem/proliferative cell compartment and differentiated cell zone
Authors: Kim Raehyun , Wang Yuli , Hwang Shee-Hwan J. , Attayek Peter J. , Smiddy Nicole M. , Reed Mark I. , Sims Christopher E. , Allbritton Nancy L.
Published: June 2018

A simple planar platform that recapitulates the compartmentalization and physiological responses of mouse colon epithelium is presented.
The role of composition and structure of vanadium-doped nanosized titanium(iv) oxides (anatase and η-phase) in the realization of photocatalytic, adsorption and bactericidal properties
Authors: Gainanova Asiya , Kuz’micheva Galina , Khramov Evgeniy , Chumakov Ratibor , Zybinskiy Andrey , Yashina Nataliya
Published: June 2018

The photocatalytic, adsorption and bactericidal properties of vanadium-doped nanosized anatase and η-phase are influenced by their physiochemical parameters.
Bio-inspired semi-transparent silver nanowire conductor based on a vein network with excellent electromechanical and photothermal properties
Authors: Qiang You-Xia , Zhu Chun-Hua , Wu Ye-Ping , Cui Sheng , Liu Yu
Published: June 2018

A bio-inspired binary-network conductive structure of vein–AgNWs was embedded in poly(dimethylsiloxane) to prepare a semi-transparent stretchable conductor (vein–AgNWs–PDMS) with a good photo-thermal effect for position heating and excellent electromechanical stability.
Broadband near-infrared quantum cutting by Ce–Yb codoped YAG transparent glass ceramics for silicon solar cells
Authors: Tai Yuping , Li Xinzhong , Du Xigang , Pan Bingli , Yuan Guanghui
Published: June 2018

Transparent glass ceramics containing YAG nanocrystals were prepared by a conventional melt-quenching method.
Combing δ15N and δ18O to identify the distribution and the potential sources of nitrate in human-impacted watersheds, Shandong, China
Authors: Yang Baoshan , Wang Hui , Jiang Yingkui , Dong Fang , He Xinhua , Lai Xiaoshuang
Published: June 2018

NO3− showed seasonal and spatial patterns in two human-impacted watersheds. NO3− is primarily from manure/sewage according to δ15N and δ18O. Microbial nitrification took place in the NO3− of manure/sewage and soil nitrate.
Synthesis and spectroscopic investigation of a novel sensitive and selective fluorescent chemosensor for Ag+based on a BINOL–glucose derivative
Authors: Hu Yu , Shen Huayin , Zhang Xiaohan , Liu Yang , Sun Xiaoxia
Published: June 2018

A BINOL–glucose derivative fluorescent sensor was synthesized to detect only Ag+with high selectivity and sensitivity in a 1 + 1 formation.
A superior dye adsorbent towards the hydrogen evolution reaction combining active sites and phase-engineering of (1T/2H) MoS2/α-MoO3hybrid heterostructured nanoflowers
Authors: Manikandan Arumugam , Ilango P. Robert , Chen Chia-Wei , Wang Yi-Chung , Shih Yu-Chuan , Lee Ling , Wang Zhiming M. , Ko Hyunhyub , Chueh Yu-Lun
Published: June 2018

Here, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of (1T/2H) MoS2/α-MoO3heterostructured nanoflowers at a low temperature of 200 °C by a one-step hydrothermal method.
A porous Zn cathode for Li–CO2 batteries generating fuel-gas CO
Authors: Xie Jiafang , Liu Qin , Huang Yiyin , Wu Maoxiang , Wang Yaobing
Published: June 2018

A porous fractal Zn cathode with high electrocatalytic activity and selectivity to CO2-to-CO conversion enables Li–CO2 batteries that produce fuel gas CO.
Encapsulation of NiCo2O4 in nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide for sodium ion capacitors
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Zhao Qinglan , Huang Liqing , Xu Binghui , Kumar Nanjundan Ashok , Zhao X. S.
Published: June 2018

The graphene framework guarantees good electronic conductivity and provides space for accommodating the volume changes of NiCo2O4 particles during charge/discharge.
Robust wear and pH endurance achieved on snake-shaped silica hybrid nanowire self-woven superamphiphobic membranes with layer-stacked porous 3D networks
Authors: Feng Yefeng , Peng Cheng , Hu Jianbing , Wang Fupeng , Xu Zhichao , Huang Qi
Published: June 2018

Bio-inspired superamphiphobicity, including high contact angles, low sliding angles and non-stick traits, in combination with high durability, such as strong wear resistance, pH endurance and mechanical properties, are difficult to simultaneously obtain in the large-scale fabrication of amphiphobic materials with the presently used blends of polymers and surface-modified hard inorganic nanoparticles.
Covalently functionalized amide cross-linked hydrogels from primary amines and polyethylene glycol acyltrifluoroborates (PEG-KATs)
Authors: Schauenburg Dominik , Osuna Gálvez Alberto , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: June 2018

A new method for the rapid preparation of chemically cross-linked hydrogels based on a multi-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) bearing potassium acyl trifluoroborate (KAT) functional groups with multi-dentate amines is described.
Precoder design for MIMO systems with sum power and per‐antenna power constraints
Authors: Choi J. , Oh H.
Published: June 2018

A precoder design method is proposed to maximise the achievable rate of a multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) system which transmits multi‐streams under sum power and per‐antenna power constraints (PAPCs). The proposed method computes the optimal precoder maximising the achievable rate under the conventional sum power constraint (SPC), and then finds a precoder satisfying the SPC and PAPCs by minimising the distance between the optimal SPC precoder and a candidate precoder. Using the proposed approach, a concise closed‐form solution is derived for a precoding MIMO system with the SPC and PAPCs. It is shown that the proposed precoder includes the optimal SPC and PAPC precoders as two extreme cases, and simulations demonstrate the validity of the proposed precoder.