bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospect and barrier of 3D concrete: a systematic review
Authors: Strohle Max , Sadique Monower , Dulaimi Anmar , Kadhim Mustafa Amoori
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to explore the current state of the art and potential of 3D concrete printing and its use in large-scale applications. The study analysed 373 academic research, all of which were obtained from the Scopus database. The review conducted on some crucial issues on development of 3D concrete that included materials and their desirable properties, printer nozzle developments, reinforcement in printing, geopolymers as printing materials, and the use of coarse graded aggregates. This study provides researchers and institutions with an in-depth insight into 3D concrete printing and research trends worldwide and assesses the future of 3D concrete printing in large-scale applications. The requirement of more research on the mechanics of 3D printers, standardising a printer nozzle, the automation of reinforcing processes, and use of coarse graded aggregate for large-scale structural application were identified in this review. It also shows how 3D concrete printing has evolved and changed over time and gives an insight into the future of 3D concrete printing—making this scientometric review a framework for future studies.
Tarnschriften als Medium des diskursiven Bedeutungsbruchs sowie der diskursiven Bedeutungserweiterung und -destabilisierung
Authors: Markewitz Friedrich
Published: November 2022

Trotz zunehmender Reglementierungen des Sprachraums im ›Dritten Reich‹ findet sich eine Vielzahl opponierender, resistierender und widerständischer Sprachhandlungen. Eine wichtige Strategie im durch das Aufeinanderprallen inkommensurabler Diskursarten entstehenden semantischen Kampf um Deutungsmuster ist die der Potenzierung möglicher Bedeutungszusammenhänge durch Veruneindeutigungen, Verschleierungen und andere Formen indirekter Kommunikation, um so widerständische Botschaften in den NS-Diskurs versuchsweise einschleusen zu können. Oft auf den Ebenen der Lexik oder der Äußerung untersucht, will dieser Aufsatz einen texttypologischen Beitrag zur Erschließung von Veruneindeutigungspotenzialen im ›Dritten Reich‹ leisten. Anhand der im linguistischen Forschungsdiskurs bisher nicht wahrgenommenen textuellen Gattung Tarnschrift sollen anhand ihrer spezifischen Charakteristika Möglichkeiten des Bedeutungsbruchs sowie der Bedeutungserweiterung und -destabilisierung reflektiert werden, um so dem bestehenden Forschungsdesiderat der Aufarbeitung widerständischer Kommunikationsstrategien wie textueller Zeugnisse zu begegnen.
Prepared compost from food waste effectively increased onion production under sub-tropical conditions
Authors: Bhadwal Shivali , Kumari Neha , Kumari Mamta , Badhan Khushboo , Gomra Shikha , Manhas Neha , Humdani Anam Fatima , Kirmani Farhana , Shokat Nazia , Rana Avantika , Kumar Kaushal , Acharya Somen , Magnuson Andrew , Giri Arup
Published: November 2022

Food waste disposal is regarded as a source of contamination in the environment. There is little information on whether food waste compost can be used in agriculture, especially in the subtropics. The study examined the effect of food waste compost on onion (Allium cepa L) cultivation under an open experimental field condition in a subtropical climate. Standard methods were used to analyze the soil physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, soil moisture, water holding capacity, total organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc) of control and treatment plots. Standard methods were used to measure all other morpho-physiological parameters. The plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the length and width of the leaves, the neck diameter, the relative water content of the leaves, the ash content of the leaves, and the root length were all measured. The treatment group had higher soil fertility than the control group. During the experiment, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, and leaf width all increased. Most morphophysio-chemical parameters in the treatment group onion plants were higher than in the control group after harvest. The yield of control plots was 13.64 t ha−1 and the yield of treatment plots was 32.04 t ha−1. Therefore, from this study it might be concluded that the compost from food waste has the potency to increase the soil fertility followed by the higher onion production. Hence, food waste can be used to prepare compost for higher onion production under sub-tropical conditions.

Graphical Abstract
Investigation of rarefied flow over an open cavity using direct simulation Monte Carlo
Authors: Nabapure D. , Singh A. , Kalluri R.C.M.
Published: November 2022

The present study employs the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) technique to analyse the flow over a cavity, a commonly observed anomaly on a re-entry vehicle’s surface. The flow characteristics are examined for different Mach numbers (${\rm{Ma}}$) and Knudsen number (${\rm{Kn}}$). The Mach numbers varied from 5 to 25, while the Knudsen numbers varied from 0.05 to 21.10. The influence of the${\rm{Ma}}$and${\rm{Kn}}$on flow characteristics has been elucidated graphically in various sections. The flow properties showed significant variation with${\rm{Ma}}$and${\rm{Kn}}$and showed an increasing trend due to compressibility and viscous heating effects. The surface characteristics were observed to diminish as${\rm{Ma}}$increases, while they showed complex trends for various${\rm{Kn}}$. In all flow regimes, there was an appearance of flow recirculation. When chemical reactions were taken into consideration and compared with non-reacting flows, flow temperature was primarily influenced (which decreased due to energy absorption) compared to other properties. The results obtained are a complex interplay of the viscous heating, compression and rarefaction effects.
Urgent-care antibiotic prescribing: An exploratory analysis to evaluate health inequities
Authors: Seibert Allan M. , Hersh Adam L. , Patel Payal K. , Matheu Michelle , Stanfield Valoree , Fino Nora , Hicks Lauri A. , Tsay Sharon V. , Kabbani Sarah , Stenehjem Edward
Published: November 2022

Healthcare disparities and inequities exist in a variety of environments and manifest in diagnostic and therapeutic measures. In this commentary, we highlight our experience examining our organization’s urgent care respiratory encounter antibiotic prescribing practices. We identified differences in prescribing based on several individual characteristics including patient age, race, ethnicity, preferred language, and patient and/or clinician gender. Our approach can serve as an electronic health record (EHR)–based methodology for disparity and inequity audits in other systems and for other conditions.
Migration data collection and management in a changing Latin American landscape
Authors: Cervantes-Macías María E.
Published: November 2022

While many Latin American countries have a tradition of receiving migrants, including the countries selected as case studies, there are no institutionalized mechanisms for the integration and settlement of migrants. The objective of this article is to explore how to improve migration data collection and management in a region that does not have many migration integration policies in place. I assess the state of migration data collection and management in three case studies: the city of Cucuta in Colombia, the North Huetar Region in Costa Rica, and the city of Monterrey in Mexico. The three countries publish data exclusively at the national level, rather than the local or municipal. Despite all case studies having a variety of administrative data, mainly in the form of entries and exits by nationality, these data are not enough to properly identify the sociodemographic characteristics of migrant populations in a country, and much less in specific cities. I make recommendations divided into three main themes to improve migration data in Latin America.
Predicting politicians’ misconduct: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Gallego Jorge , Prem Mounu , Vargas Juan F.
Published: November 2022

Corruption has pervasive effects on economic development and the well-being of the population. Despite being crucial and necessary, fighting corruption is not an easy task because it is a difficult phenomenon to measure and detect. However, recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence may help in this quest. In this article, we propose the use of machine-learning models to predict municipality-level corruption in a developing country. Using data from disciplinary prosecutions conducted by an anti-corruption agency in Colombia, we trained four canonical models (Random Forests, Gradient Boosting Machine, Lasso, and Neural Networks), and ensemble their predictions, to predict whether or not a mayor will commit acts of corruption. Our models achieve acceptable levels of performance, based on metrics such as the precision and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, demonstrating that these tools are useful in predicting where misbehavior is most likely to occur. Moreover, our feature-importance analysis shows us which groups of variables are most important in predicting corruption.
Water waves generated by moving atmospheric pressure: theoretical analyses with applications to the 2022 Tonga event
Authors: Liu Philip L.-F. , Higuera Pablo
Published: November 2022

Both one-dimensional in the horizontal direction (1DH, dispersive and non-dispersive) and two-dimensional in the horizontal direction (2DH) axisymmetric (approximate, non-dispersive) analytical solutions are derived for water waves generated by moving atmospheric pressures. For 1DH, three wave components can be identified: the locked wave propagating with the speed of the atmospheric pressure,

$C_p$

, and two free wave components propagating in opposite directions with the respective wave celerity, according to the linear frequency dispersion relationship. Under the supercritical condition (

$C_p > C$

, which is the fastest celerity of the water wave), the leading water wave is the locked wave and has the same sign (i.e. phase) as the atmospheric pressure, while the trailing free wave has the opposite sign. Under the subcritical condition (

$C >C_p$

) the fastest moving free wave component leads, and its free surface elevation has the same sign as the atmospheric pressure. For a long atmospheric pressure disturbance, the induced free surface profile mimics that of the atmospheric pressure. The 2DH problem involves an axisymmetric atmospheric pressure decaying in the radial direction as

$O(r^{-1/2})$

. Due to symmetry, only two wave components, locked and free, appear. The tsunami DART data captured during Tonga's volcanic eruption event are analysed. Corrections are necessary to isolate the free surface elevation data. Comparisons between the corrected DART data and the analytical solutions, including the arrival times of the leading locked waves and the trailing free waves, and the amplitude ratios, are in agreement in order of magnitude.
The Differential Use of Litigation by NGOs: A Case Study on Antidiscrimination Legal Mobilization in Belgium
Authors: Lejeune Aude , Ringelheim Julie
Published: November 2022

This article aims to explain the differential use of litigation by social movements pursuing social change. While previous studies have sought to compare non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that turn to litigation with those that do not, we study organizations that have all resorted at least once to legal action. Taking Belgium and the field of antidiscrimination as a case study, our research confirms the findings of previous literature that the characteristics of the legal environment do impact on the choice of organizations whether or not to go to court. But we also find that legal action is used differentially by NGOs depending on two factors in particular: their position as an insider or outsider in the political realm and their possession of legal resources. Based on a quantitative measure of legal actions initiated by NGOs and interviews with activists, we propose a typology of civil society organizations—which we label “experienced litigants,” “occasional litigants,” and “litigants by necessity”—that could be transposed to other contexts and other types of interest groups.
Images of black faces in Italian colonialism: mobile essentialisms
Authors: Piccioni Lucia
Published: November 2022

This study analyses the essential question of the role of visual and material culture in the construction of a mass racial ideology during the Fascist colonial empire. The hypothesis behind this essay is that representations of the facial features of colonised populations may be understood as agents that transform what are in fact inconsistent and vague notions of identity and race into concrete and effective ontologies, both in the scientific field and in the popular imaginary. The facial casts made by the anthropologist Lidio Cipriani and exhibited in the race pavilion of the very popular Mostra triennale delle Terre italiane d'Oltremare (1940) in Naples, the anthropological photographs and illustrations of the infamous journal La Difesa della razza (1938–43), and the advertising images representing African women's bodies, both gave consistency to the notion of race and incarnated its protean nature made up of narratives, metaphors, fantasies, and prejudices constructed and accumulated over time.
The effect of psychological treatment on repetitive negative thinking in youth depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Bell Imogen H. , Marx Wolfgang , Nguyen Katherine , Grace Sally , Gleeson John , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario
Published: November 2022

Background

Depression and anxiety are prevalent in youth populations and typically emerge during adolescence. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a putative transdiagnostic mechanism with consistent associations with depression and anxiety. Targeting transdiagnostic processes like RNT for youth depression and anxiety may offer more targeted, personalised and effective treatment.

Methods

A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of psychological treatments on RNT, depression and anxiety symptoms in young people with depression or anxiety, and a meta-regression to examine relationships between outcomes.

Results

Twenty-eight randomised controlled trials examining 17 different psychological interventions were included. Effect sizes were small to moderate across all outcomes (Hedge's g depression = −0.47, CI −0.77 to −0.17; anxiety = −0.42, CI −0.65 to −0.20; RNT = −0.45, CI −0.67 to −0.23). RNT-focused and non-RNT focused approaches had comparable effects; however, those focusing on modifying the process of RNT had significantly larger effects on RNT than those focusing on modifying negative thought content. Meta-regression revealed a significant relationship between RNT and depression outcomes only across all intervention types and with both depression and anxiety for RNT focused interventions only.

Conclusion

Consistent with findings in adults, this review provides evidence that reducing RNT with psychological treatment is associated with improvements in depression and anxiety in youth. Targeting RNT specifically may not lead to better outcomes compared to general approaches; however, focusing on modifying the process of RNT may be more effective than targeting content. Further research is needed to determine causal pathways.
No tinkering allowed: When the end goal requires a highly specific or risky, and complex action sequence, expect ritualistic scaffolding
Authors: Brown Rachael L. , Pain Ross
Published: November 2022

On Jagiello et al.'s cultural action framework, end-goal resolvability and causal transparency make possible the transmission of complex technologies through low-fidelity cultural learning. We offer three further features of goal-directed action sequences – specificity, riskiness, and complexity – which alter the effectiveness of low-fidelity cultural learning. Incorporating these into the cultural action framework generates further novel, testable predictions for bifocal stance theory.
English in Cyprus
Authors: Fotiou Constantina
Published: November 2022

Cyprus is an island in the Mediterranean Sea where English has the status of the most popular and important foreign language (Tsiplakou, 2009; Fotiou, 2015) and the majority of its inhabitants are literate in English. While a former British colony, it is generally absent from discussions of places where English has had some special relevance due to historical, political, social and economic reasons. For example, while other small countries with a history of British rule, such as Malta and Seychelles, are part of Crystal's (2003: 62–5) list of English speakers in territories where English has had special relevance, Cyprus is absent from that list. This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by providing an overview of the use of English in various domains, i.e. workplace, education, linguistic landscape, the media, and communication between Greek Cypriots, along with a brief historical background. The latter aims to illustrate how Cyprus was different from many British colonies and how this has affected the status of this language in this setting both now and during the colonization period.
The role of ethical analysis in conducting a health technology assessment of medical treatments for gender dysphoria
Authors: Saarni Samuli I. , Uusitalo Susanne , Autti-Rämö Ilona
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Treatment seeking for gender dysphoria (GD) has increased manifold in western countries. This has led to increased interest on evidence-base of treatments, but also discussions related to human rights, identity politics, gender-related structures, and medicalization. Combining these discourses into coherent health policy is difficult. Health technology assessment (HTA) is the golden standard for assessing whether a medical intervention should be included in a health system. A comprehensive HTA should include medical, safety, and cost-utility perspectives, but often also ethical, societal, organizational, and legal concerns. Still, ethics is often omitted in practice. This paper aims to demonstrate how integrated ethical analysis influenced a HTA of complex and controversial topics like GD.

Methods

A HTA of medical treatments of GD was conducted using integrated ethical analysis based on the EUnetHTA-model. This integrates ethical thinking into the whole HTA, explicitly analyses ethical topics, and balances arguments using several ethical theories.

Results

Integrating ethics had a significant impact on the HTA process and recommendations. It influenced how the HTA was planned and executed, emphasized autonomy and justice when creating the recommendations, and helped the workgroup to understand the complexity of combining different stakeholders’ discourses. Tensions between scientific evidence, expectations, and values became explicit.

Conclusions

Comprehensive HTA provides an important, integrative approach to considering complex and controversial topics in health systems. HTA emphasizes multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach but simultaneously forces a pragmatic, results-oriented, and evidence-based approach on all argumentation. Ethical analysis can facilitate interactions between stakeholders, bridge different discourses, and help formulate widely acceptable guidelines and policy decisions.
Access to Community Support Services among Older Adults in Social Housing in Ontario
Authors: Sheppard Christine L. , Yau Matthew , Semple Claire , Lee Candy , Charles Jocelyn , Austen Andrea , Hitzig Sander L.
Published: November 2022

Community support services are an integral enabler of aging in place. In social housing, older adult tenants struggle to access these services because of the siloed nature of housing and health services. This study examined the provision of government-funded community support services to 83 seniors’ social housing buildings in Toronto, Ontario. Although there were 56 different agencies operating within the buildings, only about one third of older tenants were actually receiving services. There was a subset of services that were available in more than 80 per cent of the buildings, and the most widely accessed services were food supports, crisis intervention, transportation, caregiver support, and hearing/vision care. There were also many cases in which multiple agencies offered duplicative services within the same building, suggesting that there are opportunities for improving service coordination. Practice recommendations for increasing access to community support services among low-income older adults in social housing are provided.
The Power of Parwanas: Indo-Persian Grants and the Making of Empire in Eighteenth-Century Southern India
Authors: Hodges Leonard R. , Chatterjee Nandini
Published: November 2022

This article examines Persian-language orders—parwanas—issued by regimes that succeeded the Mughal Empire in South Asia, to European trading companies. Focussing in particular on the mid-eighteenth-century exchanges between the Nizam of Hyderabad; the Nawab of Arcot; and the French Compagnie des Indes, we see how Mughal-style parwanas, or sub-imperial orders, previously used to give instructions or to make or withdraw grants, were transformed into a form of political currency. They were now used to exchange military and fiscal resources between South Asian state-builders and militarised European corporations, and to secure political legitimacy for all within a putative Mughal imperium. Moreover, the legal fiction of Mughal sovereignty led to a grants race, such that rivals—European and South Asian—sought more and more parwanas, while also querying the legitimacy of authorities that issued them. The very fragility of the Mughal empire and the lability of the political landscape in eighteenth-century South Asia was thus generative of prolific Persian legal documentation, as well as its rewiring to novel uses. European empire-builders negotiated this legal landscape with only partial literacy, consequently fetishizing the material aspects and ceremonial accompaniments of Persian legal documents, and according them power beyond their immediate substance.
Which Police Departments Want Reform? Barriers to Evidence-Based Policymaking
Authors: Goerger Samantha , Mummolo Jonathan , Westwood Sean J.
Published: November 2022

Political elites increasingly express interest in evidence-based policymaking, but transparent research collaborations necessary to generate relevant evidence pose political risks, including the discovery of sub-par performance and misconduct. If aversion to collaboration is non-random, collaborations may produce evidence that fails to generalize. We assess selection into research collaborations in the critical policy arena of policing by sending requests to discuss research partnerships to roughly 3,000 law enforcement agencies in 48 states. A host of agency and jurisdiction attributes fail to predict affirmative responses to generic requests, alleviating concerns over generalizability. However, across two experiments, mentions of agency performance in our correspondence depressed affirmative responses – even among top-performing agencies – by roughly eight percentage points. Many agencies that initially indicate interest in transparent, evidence-based policymaking recoil once performance evaluations are made salient. We discuss several possible mechanisms for these dynamics, which can inhibit valuable policy experimentation in many communities.
Ought It Audit? Information, Values, and Public Support for the Internal Revenue Service
Authors: Anson Ian G. , Kane John V.
Published: November 2022

In democracies, policy ambitions hinge upon governments’ ability to collect tax revenue from their citizens. Ongoing funding cuts at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) undermine the US government’s ability to fulfill this function. Yet, despite its central importance, funding for IRS enforcement activities has received scant scholarly attention, limiting our understanding of the factors that underlie public attitudes on this issue. In this article, we report the results of preregistered experiments that test whether citizens’ attitudes regarding the IRS can be shaped by framing efforts. Specifically, we test both information-based and value-consistent frames that invoke partisans’ core ideological concerns. Results show that these frames significantly increase public support for the IRS, as well as citizens’ willingness to learn more and become politically active. Thus, to ensure state capacity, information about the consequences of IRS underfunding and appeals to partisans’ ideological concerns can be implemented to increase support for tax collection.
A New Model for the Evolution of Oceanic Transform Faults Based on 3D Broadband Seismic Observations From São Tomé and Príncipe in the Eastern Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Thomas Myron F. H. , Heine Christian , van Itterbeeck Jimmy , Ostanin Ilya , Seregin Andrey , Spaak Michael , Morales Tamara , Essink Tess Oude
Published: November 2022

Oceanic Transform Faults are one of manifestations of the three major plate boundaries and a key tectonic feature of oceanic crust. They are broadly considered to accommodate strike‐slip displacement along simple vertical faults and to be largely without magmatic addition. We present the first observations from broadband 3D seismic of buried, Cretaceous‐aged transform faults in the Gulf of Guinea with complex internal architectures including crustal scale detachments and rotated packages of volcanics within oceanic crust. In the study area, several Oceanic Fracture Zones (OFZ) are described from Top Crust to Moho. OFZ scarps are observed to connect at depth with zones of low angle reflectivity which dip into the OFZ and perpendicular to the spreading orientation. At depth they detach onto the Moho, necking the adjacent crust in the manner of extensional shear zones. Thickly stacked and tilted reflectors, interpreted as extrusive lava flows, are common above the shear zones and infill up to 75% of the crustal thickness. The entire OFZ stratigraphy is overlain and sealed by late‐stage lavas that are continuous from the abyssal hills of the trailing spreading ridge. These insights demonstrate complexity previously only predicted in numerical simulations. We propose a model with extension at a high angle to the spreading orientation along a low angle shear zone that acts as a conduit for decompression related melt and volcanism. We conclude that oceanic transforms are non‐conservative and not simple strike slip fault zones, contradicting the conventional view.
Shifting Seasons and Threats to Harvest, Culture, and Self‐Identity: A Personal Narrative on the Consequences of Changing Climate
Authors: Charlie A. , Proverbs T. A. , Hodgson E. E. , Hovel R. A.
Published: November 2022

Northern Indigenous communities are experiencing rapid climate change and disrupted seasonal transitions. The Teetł'it Gwich'in use a five‐season calendar to measure the year, indicating the timing of seasonal events and associated cultural practices. From trapping in the spring, to fishing in the summer and fall, and hunting in the fall and winter, the Gwich'in have moved upon the land with the changing seasons. However, disrupted seasonal synchrony can disconnect cultural practices from suitable conditions, creating risks to self and culture. With warming temperatures, communities have observed slower river freeze‐up in the fall and faster spring thaw, which has impacted the timing of when fishers can safely set their nets under river ice. Historically, freeze‐up occurred in October, providing several weeks when fishers could set nets under ice while łuk dagaii (broad whitefish, Coregonus nasus) traveled downriver. Today, freeze‐up often begins in November, and fishing during the łuk dagaii migration requires setting nets while the ice is thinner and the river is not completely frozen. This presents risks to individuals working to maintain a fundamental cultural practice. Here, Arlyn Charlie, a Teetł'it Gwich'in artist whose career focuses on culture and language, uses personal narrative to explore impacts of climate change on Gwich'in culture. Arlyn notes how these changes are making the traditional seasonal calendar unreliable, and explores how changing patterns among animals and the landscape no longer provide consistent, safe harvesting conditions. With a growing risk of working on thin ice, ongoing cultural practices are threatened.
Southward Migration of Arctic Ocean Species During the Last Glacial Period
Authors: Zhang Penghui , Huang Huai‐Hsuan M. , Hong Yuanyuan , Tian Skye Yunshu , Liu Jian , Lee Yong Il , Chen Jianwen , Liang Jie , Wang He , Yasuhara Moriaki
Published: November 2022

The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is associated with northerly surface winds affecting crop and livestock productivity and social and economic activities across East Asia. However, the relationship between EAWM dynamics and marine biota remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed fossil ostracods from sediment cores collected in the northwestern Pacific Ocean to detect the appearance/disappearance of circumpolar species during the late Quaternary. We compared our ostracod records, including dating results, with ice‐rafted debris records from the Sea of Japan, and identified two southward migration events of Arctic ostracods at 120–100 ka (Marine Isotope Stage [MIS] 5d stadial) and 30–15 ka (MIS 3 and 2, peak Last Glacial), which corresponded to a strengthened EAWM system. Our results indicate that an intensified EAWM influenced the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water formation, lowered the winter water temperatures, and allowed Arctic ostracods to migrate southward into the Yellow Sea.
Modulation of the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Seasonal Cycle by Tropical Instability Waves
Authors: Maillard L. , Boucharel J. , Stuecker M. F. , Jin F.‐F. , Renault L.
Published: November 2022

Feedbacks from tropical instability waves (TIWs) on the seasonal cycle of the eastern Pacific Ocean are studied using two eddy‐rich ocean simulations, with and without TIWs. By warming the equatorial waters by up to 0.4°C through nonlinear advection in boreal summer and fall, TIWs reduce the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in upper ocean temperatures. In addition, TIWs stabilize the upper part of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) through enhanced barotropic energy conversion, leading to a year‐round weakening by −0.15 m s−1 and preventing an unrealistic re‐intensification in boreal fall usually found in non‐eddy resolving models. A coarser simulation at 1‐degree horizontal resolution fails to reproduce the TIW‐induced nonlinear warming of equatorial waters, but succeeds in inhibiting the EUC re‐intensification. This suggests a threshold effect in TIW strength, associated with the model's ability to simulate eddies, which may be responsible for long‐standing biases displayed by global climate models in this region.
Induction of Nanog in neural progenitor cells for adaptive regeneration of ischemic brain
Authors: Jung Gyung-Ah , Kim Jin-A , Park Hwan-Woo , Lee Hyemi , Chang Mi-Sook , Cho Kyung-Ok , Song Byeong-Wook , Kim Hyun-Ju , Kwon Yunhee Kim , Oh Il-Hoan
Published: November 2022

NANOG plays a key role in cellular plasticity and the acquisition of the stem cell state during reprogramming, but its role in the regenerative process remains unclear. Here, we show that the induction of NANOG in neuronal cells is necessary for the physiological initiation of neuronal regeneration in response to ischemic stress. Specifically, we found that NANOG was preferentially expressed in undifferentiated neuronal cells, and forced expression of Nanog in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) promoted their self-renewing expansion both in ex-vivo slice cultures and in vitro limiting dilution analysis. Notably, the upstream region of the Nanog gene contains sequence motifs for hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). Therefore, cerebral neurons exposed to hypoxia significantly upregulated NANOG expression selectively in primitive (CD133+) cells, but not in mature cells, leading to the expansion of NPCs. Notably, up to 80% of the neuronal expansion induced by hypoxia was attributed to NANOG-expressing neuronal cells, whereas knockdown during hypoxia abolished this expansion and was accompanied by the downregulation of other pluripotency-related genes. Moreover, the number of NANOG-expressing neuronal cells were transiently increased in response to ischemic insult, predominantly in the infarct area of brain regions undergoing neurogenesis, but not in non-neurogenic loci. Together, these findings reveal a functional effect of NANOG-induction for the initiation of adaptive neuronal regeneration among heterogeneous NPC subsets, pointing to cellular plasticity as a potential link between regeneration and reprogramming processes.
Low intensity near-infrared light promotes bone regeneration via circadian clock protein cryptochrome 1
Authors: Peng Jinfeng , Zhao Jiajia , Tang Qingming , Wang Jinyu , Song Wencheng , Lu Xiaofeng , Huang Xiaofei , Chen Guangjin , Zheng Wenhao , Zhang Luoying , Han Yunyun , Yan Chunze , Wan Qian , Chen Lili
Published: November 2022

Bone regeneration remains a great clinical challenge. Low intensity near-infrared (NIR) light showed strong potential to promote tissue regeneration, offering a promising strategy for bone defect regeneration. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of NIR on bone regeneration remain unclear. We demonstrated that bone regeneration in the rat skull defect model was significantly accelerated with low-intensity NIR stimulation. In vitro studies showed that NIR stimulation could promote the osteoblast differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and MC3T3-E1 cells, which was associated with increased ubiquitination of the core circadian clock protein Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) in the nucleus. We found that the reduction of CRY1 induced by NIR light activated the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways, promoting SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation and increasing the expression levels of Runx2 and Osterix. NIR light treatment may act through sodium voltage-gated channel Scn4a, which may be a potential responder of NIR light to accelerate bone regeneration. Together, these findings suggest that low-intensity NIR light may promote in situ bone regeneration in a CRY1-dependent manner, providing a novel, efficient and non-invasive strategy to promote bone regeneration for clinical bone defects.
Hypodopaminergic state of the nigrostriatal pathway drives compulsive alcohol use
Authors: Goutaudier Raphaël , Joly Fanny , Mallet David , Bartolomucci Magali , Guicherd Denis , Carcenac Carole , Vossier Frédérique , Dufourd Thibault , Boulet Sabrina , Deransart Colin , Chovelon Benoit , Carnicella Sebastien
Published: November 2022

The neurobiological mechanisms underlying compulsive alcohol use, a cardinal feature of alcohol use disorder, remain elusive. The key modulator of motivational processes, dopamine (DA), is suspected to play an important role in this pathology, but its exact role remains to be determined. Here, we found that rats expressing compulsive-like alcohol use, operationalized as punishment-resistant self-administration, showed a decrease in DA levels restricted to the dorsolateral territories of the striatum, the main output structure of the nigrostriatal DA pathway. We then causally demonstrated that chemogenetic-induced selective hypodopaminergia of this pathway resulted in compulsive-like alcohol self-administration in otherwise resilient rats, accompanied by the emergence of alcohol withdrawal-like motivational impairments (i.e., impaired motivation for a natural reinforcer). Finally, the use of the monoamine stabilizer OSU6162, previously reported to correct hypodopaminergic states, transiently decreased compulsive-like alcohol self-administration in vulnerable rats. These results suggest a potential critical role of tonic nigrostriatal hypodopaminergic states in alcohol addiction and provide new insights into our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying compulsive alcohol use.
Targeting glutamine metabolism in hepatic stellate cells alleviates liver fibrosis
Authors: Yin Xiaochun , Peng Jin , Gu Lihong , Liu Yan , Li Xihan , Wu Jinhui , Xu Bing , Zhuge Yuzheng , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2022

Glutamine metabolism plays an essential role in cell growth, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a key enzyme. GDH promotes the metabolism of glutamate and glutamine to generate ATP, which is profoundly increased in multiple human cancers. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we verified that the small-molecule GDH inhibitor EGCG slowed the progression of fibrosis by inhibiting GDH enzyme activity and glutamine metabolism. SIRT4 is a mitochondrial enzyme with NAD that promotes ADP ribosylation and downregulates GDH activity. The role of SIRT4 in liver fibrosis and the related mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we measured the expression of SIRT4 and found that it was downregulated in liver fibrosis. Modest overexpression of SIRT4 protected the liver from fibrosis by inhibiting the transformation of glutamate to 2-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), thereby reducing the proliferative activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Collectively, our study reveals that SIRT4 controls GDH enzyme activity and expression, targeting glutamine metabolism in HSCs and alleviating liver fibrosis.
Air quality impacts of crop residue burning in India and mitigation alternatives
Authors: Lan Ruoyu , Eastham Sebastian D. , Liu Tianjia , Norford Leslie K. , Barrett Steven R. H.
Published: November 2022

Crop residue burning contributes to poor air quality and imposes a health burden on India. Despite government bans and other interventions, this practice remains widespread. Here we estimate the impact of changes in agricultural emissions on air quality across India and quantify the potential benefit of district-level actions using an adjoint modeling approach. From 2003 to 2019, we find that agricultural residue burning caused 44,000–98,000 particulate matter exposure-related premature deaths annually, of which Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh contribute 67–90%. Due to a combination of relatively high downwind population density, agricultural output, and cultivation of residue-intensive crops, six districts in Punjab alone contribute to 40% of India-wide annual air quality impacts from residue burning. Burning two hours earlier in Punjab alone could avert premature deaths up to 9600 (95% CI: 8000–11,000) each year, valued at 3.2 (95% CI: 0.49–7.3) billion US dollars. Our findings support the use of targeted and potentially low-cost interventions to mitigate crop residue burning in India, pending further research regarding cost-effectiveness and feasibility.
Calcium-mediated rapid movements defend against herbivorous insects in Mimosa pudica
Authors: Hagihara Takuma , Mano Hiroaki , Miura Tomohiro , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Toyota Masatsugu
Published: November 2022

Animals possess specialized systems, e.g., neuromuscular systems, to sense the environment and then move their bodies quickly in response. Mimosa pudica, the sensitive plant, moves its leaves within seconds in response to external stimuli; e.g., touch or wounding. However, neither the plant-wide signaling network that triggers these rapid movements nor the physiological roles of the movements themselves have been determined. Here by simultaneous recording of cytosolic Ca2+ and electrical signals, we show that rapid changes in Ca2+ coupled with action and variation potentials trigger rapid movements in wounded M. pudica. Furthermore, pharmacological manipulation of cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology revealed that an immotile M. pudica is more vulnerable to attacks by herbivorous insects. Our findings provide evidence that rapid movements based on propagating Ca2+ and electrical signals protect this plant from insect attacks.
Safety and immunogenicity following a homologous booster dose of CoronaVac in children and adolescents
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Zhiwei , Ying Zhifang , Li Minjie , Hu Yuansheng , Shu Qun , Li Jing , Wang Huixian , Zhang Hengming , Jiao Wenbin , Wang Lin , Zhao Yuliang , Gao Qiang
Published: November 2022

Data on safety and immunity elicited by a third booster dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in children and adolescents are scarce. Here we conducted a study based on a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial (NCT04551547) to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a third dose of CoronaVac. In this study, 384 participants in the vaccine group were assigned to two cohorts. One received the third dose at a 10-months interval (cohort 1) and the other one at a 12-months interval (cohort 2). The primary endpoint is safety and immunogenicity following a third dose of CoronaVac. The secondary endpoint is antibody persistence following the primary two-dose schedule. Severities of local and systemic adverse reactions reported within 28 days after dose 3 were mild and moderate in both cohorts. A third dose of CoronaVac increased GMTs to 681.0 (95%CI: 545.2–850.7) in cohort 1 and 745.2 (95%CI: 577.0–962.3) in cohort 2. Seropositivity rates against the prototype were 100% on day 28 after dose 3. Seropositivity rates against the Omicron variant were 90.6% (cohort 1) and 91.5% (cohort 2). A homologous booster dose of CoronaVac is safe and induces a significant neutralising antibody levels increase in children and adolescents.
Transposable elements orchestrate subgenome-convergent and -divergent transcription in common wheat
Authors: Zhang Yuyun , Li Zijuan , Liu Jinyi , Zhang Yu’e , Ye Luhuan , Peng Yuan , Wang Haoyu , Diao Huishan , Ma Yu , Wang Meiyue , Xie Yilin , Tang Tengfei , Zhuang Yili , Teng Wan , Tong Yiping , Zhang Wenli , Lang Zhaobo , Xue Yongbiao , Zhang Yijing
Published: November 2022

The success of common wheat as a global staple crop was largely attributed to its genomic diversity and redundancy due to the merge of different genomes, giving rise to the major question how subgenome-divergent and -convergent transcription is mediated and harmonized in a single cell. Here, we create a catalog of genome-wide transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs) to assemble a common wheat regulatory network on an unprecedented scale. A significant proportion of subgenome-divergent TFBSs are derived from differential expansions of particular transposable elements (TEs) in diploid progenitors, which contribute to subgenome-divergent transcription. Whereas subgenome-convergent transcription is associated with balanced TF binding at loci derived from TE expansions before diploid divergence. These TFBSs have retained in parallel during evolution of each diploid, despite extensive unbalanced turnover of the flanking TEs. Thus, the differential evolutionary selection of paleo- and neo-TEs contribute to subgenome-convergent and -divergent regulation in common wheat, highlighting the influence of TE repertory plasticity on transcriptional plasticity in polyploid.
Promoting anti-tumor immunity by targeting TMUB1 to modulate PD-L1 polyubiquitination and glycosylation
Authors: Shi Chengyu , Wang Ying , Wu Minjie , Chen Yu , Liu Fangzhou , Shen Zheyuan , Wang Yiran , Xie Shaofang , Shen Yingying , Sang Lingjie , Zhang Zhen , Gao Zerui , Yang Luojia , Qu Lei , Yang Zuozhen , He Xinyu , Guo Yu , Pan Chenghao , Che Jinxin , Ju Huaiqiang , Liu Jian , Cai Zhijian , Yan Qingfeng , Yu Luyang , Wang Liangjing , Dong Xiaowu , Xu Pinglong , Shao Jianzhong , Liu Yang , Li Xu , Wang Wenqi , Zhou Ruhong , Zhou Tianhua , Lin Aifu
Published: November 2022

Immune checkpoint blockade therapies targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis have demonstrated clear clinical benefits. Improved understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanisms might contribute new insights into immunotherapy. Here, we identify transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein 1 (TMUB1) as a modulator of PD-L1 post-translational modifications in tumor cells. Mechanistically, TMUB1 competes with HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing protein 1 (HUWE1), a E3 ubiquitin ligase, to interact with PD-L1 and inhibit its polyubiquitination at K281 in the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, TMUB1 enhances PD-L1 N-glycosylation and stability by recruiting STT3A, thereby promoting PD-L1 maturation and tumor immune evasion. TMUB1 protein levels correlate with PD-L1 expression in human tumor tissue, with high expression being associated with poor patient survival rates. A synthetic peptide engineered to compete with TMUB1 significantly promotes antitumor immunity and suppresses tumor growth in mice. These findings identify TMUB1 as a promising immunotherapeutic target.
Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions
Authors: Martins Lucas P. , Stouffer Daniel B. , Blendinger Pedro G. , Böhning-Gaese Katrin , Buitrón-Jurado Galo , Correia Marta , Costa José Miguel , Dehling D. Matthias , Donatti Camila I. , Emer Carine , Galetti Mauro , Heleno Ruben , Jordano Pedro , Menezes Ícaro , Morante-Filho José Carlos , Muñoz Marcia C. , Neuschulz Eike Lena , Pizo Marco Aurélio , Quitián Marta , Ruggera Roman A. , Saavedra Francisco , Santillán Vinicio , Sanz D’Angelo Virginia , Schleuning Matthias , da Silva Luís Pascoal , Ribeiro da Silva Fernanda , Timóteo Sérgio , Traveset Anna , Vollstädt Maximilian G. R. , Tylianakis Jason M.
Published: November 2022

Species interactions can propagate disturbances across space via direct and indirect effects, potentially connecting species at a global scale. However, ecological and biogeographic boundaries may mitigate this spread by demarcating the limits of ecological networks. We tested whether large-scale ecological boundaries (ecoregions and biomes) and human disturbance gradients increase dissimilarity among plant-frugivore networks, while accounting for background spatial and elevational gradients and differences in network sampling. We assessed network dissimilarity patterns over a broad spatial scale, using 196 quantitative avian frugivory networks (encompassing 1496 plant and 1004 bird species) distributed across 67 ecoregions, 11 biomes, and 6 continents. We show that dissimilarities in species and interaction composition, but not network structure, are greater across ecoregion and biome boundaries and along different levels of human disturbance. Our findings indicate that biogeographic boundaries delineate the world’s biodiversity of interactions and likely contribute to mitigating the propagation of disturbances at large spatial scales.
Region-specific denoising identifies spatial co-expression patterns and intra-tissue heterogeneity in spatially resolved transcriptomics data
Authors: Wang Linhua , Maletic-Savatic Mirjana , Liu Zhandong
Published: November 2022

Spatially resolved transcriptomics is a relatively new technique that maps transcriptional information within a tissue. Analysis of these datasets is challenging because gene expression values are highly sparse due to dropout events, and there is a lack of tools to facilitate in silico detection and annotation of regions based on their molecular content. Therefore, we develop a computational tool for detecting molecular regions and region-based Missing value Imputation for Spatially Transcriptomics (MIST). We validate MIST-identified regions across multiple datasets produced by 10x Visium Spatial Transcriptomics, using manually annotated histological images as references. We benchmark MIST against a spatial k-nearest neighboring baseline and other imputation methods designed for single-cell RNA sequencing. We use holdout experiments to demonstrate that MIST accurately recovers spatial transcriptomics missing values. MIST facilitates identifying intra-tissue heterogeneity and recovering spatial gene-gene co-expression signals. Using MIST before downstream analysis thus provides unbiased region detections to facilitate annotations with the associated functional analyses and produces accurately denoised spatial gene expression profiles.