bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Molecular Basis of Stem-Physical-Strength-Mediated-Resistance (SPSMR) Mechanism Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassicaceae: A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Genotypes
Authors: Singh Manjeet , AVTAR RAM , Bishnoi Mahavir , Kumari Nisha
Published: October 2023

This study elucidates the intricate molecular dynamics of the Stem-Physical-Strength-Mediated-Resistance (SPSMR) mechanism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassicaceae. By investigating the responses of resistant and susceptible genotypes to S. sclerotiorum and their corresponding stem physical strength attributes at different infection stages, this research uncovers the molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance mediated by SPSMR. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) emerged between genotypes across distinct time points, with the resistant genotype displaying reduced stem lesion length, stem diameter, and stem water content, coupled with heightened stem dry matter content, stem specific density, stem breaking force, stem breaking strength, and total lignin content relative to the susceptible counterpart. Through gene expression analysis, the study unraveled unique patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to cell wall reinforcement, disease resistance, and pathogenesis. Upregulation of genes associated with arabinogalactan proteins, calcium ion-related proteins, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, pectinesterase, expansins, S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase, wall-associated kinases, peroxidases, laccases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase as well as other genes associated with lignin-biosynthesis was evident in the resistant genotype. Similarly, pathogenesis-related proteins, disease resistance genes (RPS5-like, TAO1, GTP diphosphokinase), and lipoxygenases displayed substantial upregulation in the resistant genotype, while downregulation was observed in certain genes within the susceptible genotype. Additionally, gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses provided functional insights into DEGs. This comprehensive analysis highlights the synergy between stem physical strength and molecular components, revealing a distinctive defense strategy involving the coordinated upregulation of genes responsible for cell-wall strengthening, lignin biosynthesis, receptor kinases, pathogenesis-related and disease resistance proteins in the resistant genotype. Conversely, compromised expression patterns in the susceptible genotype underscore its challenge in mounting a robust defense. Strikingly, genes regulating intracellular pH homeostasis emerge as potential countermeasures against S. sclerotiorum virulence. Ultimately, these findings enhance our ability to develop resistant cultivars of Brassicaceae against S. sclerotiorum and similar pathogens. They offer a novel perspective on the role of stem physical strength and the intricate interplay between mechanical and molecular elements in enhancing host genetic resistance.
Comparative Prediction of Surface Settlement in Coal Pillar Replacement Mining Based on EFA-tSSA-SVR Model Study
Authors: LI Yong , LUO Chang , SU Hengyu , JIA Yichao , LI Xiaoqin , CHEN Zhen
Published: October 2023

In order to accurately predict it, the maximum subsidence value of the surface of coal pillar replacement fill mining is examined using machine learning and numerical simulation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is utilized to achieve the dimensionality reduction of influencing factors after carefully considering the seven key influencing factors. The findings of the numerical simulation prediction are then compared with the support vector regression machine model (EFA-tSSA-SVR), which is trained on various data sets and optimized using the enhanced sparrow search algorithm (tSSA). The surface subsidence in the first stage is calculated by the numerical model to be 2.00mm, and in the second stage, it is calculated to be 28.00mm, both of which are within 11.10% of the actual amount. The latter forecasts a relative inaccuracy that is about twice as large as the former. The findings show that the EFA-tSSA-SVR optimization model fits well, with an R2close to 1, and a predicted value of 26.40mm that is very close to the measured value of 25.20mm with a 5.90% error. The EFA-tSSA-SVR model can predict the maximum amount of surface sinking, and both models can provide reference values for surface subsidence prediction.
The effect of nanosilica on mechanical and swelling resistance properties of ternary rubber (NR/SBR/NBR) blends nanocomposites
Authors: Srin J. , Jagatheeshwaran M. S. , Vishvanathperumal S. , Anand G.
Published: October 2023

The production of a new class of plastics with improved properties can be achieved through polymer blends rather than using individual components. This study involved the preparation of nanocomposites using melt compounding, where ternary blends comprising natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) were combined with nanosilica (NS). In the present study, silica nanoparticles (NS) were prepared from rice husk ash to be utilized as a nanofiller in rubber nanocomposites. Subsequently, the study investigated the mechanical properties of these ternary NR/SBR/NBR blend nanocomposites. Throughout the study, the NR/SBR/NBR content remained constant at 30/30/40 phr, and an ultrablend 4000 at 3 phr was used as a compatibilizer, while varying the fractions of nanosilica. The study's results demonstrated that introducing nanofillers led to a notable enhancement in the stability of both scorch time and the optimal cure time of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the nanosilica content was directly proportional to the increase in tensile strength, stress at 100% elongation, elongation at break %, abrasion resistance, and compression set of the nanocomposites. However, the mole percent uptake exhibited a noteworthy decrease as the nanosilica content increased. Further analysis using FESEM of the tensile fracture surfaces revealed that the inclusion of nanosilica in the nanocomposites led to better adhesion of NR/SBR/NBR rubber and enhanced tensile properties. This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing nanocomposites in polymer blends to enhance the overall performance of elastomers.
The causal effects of lipids and apolipoproteins on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Qi YuJing , ZHAO JIAXI , Lyu Qiong , Zhang Jian , Zhu Wei-Liang
Published: October 2023

Background：There is ambiguous causality observed between lipids and apolipoproteins and the occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in some studies, but this has not been confirmed from a genetic perspective. Our aim was to assess the causal effect of lipid and apolipoprotein levels on IPF using the method of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods：In our study, we used publicly available genome-wide association summary data (GWAS) to conduct two-sample bidirectional MR and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses in order to evaluate the relationship between lipid and apolipoprotein levels and IPF. Firstly, we strictly selected eligible SNPs related to exposure based on general screening criteria. Then, MR analysis using inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the main method, we also employed additional methods such as MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode to ensure result robustness. We assessed sensitivity through the MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and the "leave-one-out" method. Additionally, we utilized MR-PRESSO as a complementary method to identify horizontal pleiotropy.
Results: Our results showed that genetically predicted TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo A-I, and Apo B have no clear causal relationship to IPF based on IVW results, which is inconsistent with many published observational studies.
Conclusion: Although many studies have reported a relationship between lipids and apolipoproteins and IPF, our MR results suggest that lipid and apolipoprotein levels may not be causally associated with the risk of IPF.
Comparative metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis reveals shared neuroprotective mechanisms of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb
Authors: Parate Sakshi Sanjay , Upadhyay Shubham Sukerndeo , S Amrutha , Karthikkeyan Gayathree , Pervaje Ravishankar , Abhinand Chandran S. , Modi Prashant Kumar , Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava
Published: October 2023

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., two nootropics are recognized in Indian Ayurvedic texts. Studies have attempted to understand their action as memory enhancers and neuroprotectants, but many molecular aspects remain unknown. We propose that Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. share common neuroprotective mechanisms. Mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology approach was used to identify potential protein targets for the metabolites from each extract. Phytochemical analyses and cell culture validation studies were also used to assess apoptosis and ROS activity using aqueous extracts prepared from both herbal powders. Further, docking studies were also performed using the LibDock protocol. Untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology approach unveiled 3,362 and 2,927 non-redundant metabolites from both extracts, with 2,750 shared metabolites between them, suggesting a potential common neuroprotective mechanism among these drugs. Protein-target prediction highlighted 92.4% similarity among the proteins interacting with metabolites for these extracts. Among them, kinases mapped to MAPK, mTOR, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways represented a predominant population. Our results highlight a significant similarity in the metabolome of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and their potential protein targets, which may be attributed to their common neuroprotective functions.
Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: Routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease
Authors: Saad Hassan A. , Baz Azza , Riad Mohamed , Eraky Mohamed E , El-Taher Ahmed K , Farid Mohamed I , Sharaf Khaled , Said Huda E. M.
Published: October 2023

Background: Intra-ductal cancer (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, with intra-lobular cancer (ILC) coming in second. Surgery is the primary treatment for early stage breast cancer. There are now irrefutable data demonstrating that the immune context of breast tumors can influence growth and metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be administered in patients who are at a high risk of recurrence. Our goal was to identify the processes underlying both types of early local recurrences.
Methods: This was a case-control observational study. Within two years of receiving adjuvant taxan and anthracycline-based chemotherapy, as well as modified radical mastectomy (MRM), early stage IDC and ILC recurred. Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1), and clustered differentiation (CD95) were investigated.
Results: Of the samples in the ductal type group, 25 showed local recurrence, and 25 did not. Six individuals in the lobular-type group did not experience recurrence, whereas seven did. Vimentin (p = 0.000 and 0.021), PDGF (p = 0.000 and 0.002), and CD95 (p = 0.000 and 0.045) expressions were significantly different in ductal and lobular carcinoma types, respectively. Measurement of ductal type was the sole significant difference found in MMP1 (p = 0.000) and α-SMA (p = 0.000). α-SMA and CD95 were two variables that helped the recurrence mechanism in the ductal type according to the pathway analysis. In contrast, the CD95 route is a recurrent mechanism for the lobular form.
Conclusions: While the immune system plays a larger role in ILC, the tumor microenvironment and immune system both influence the recurrence of IDC. According to this study, improving the immune system may be a viable cancer treatment option.
Opportunities and Challenges for the Utilization of Cervical Screening Among Womens Living in Mekelle, Tigray Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Adane Shewit , Zenebe Kahsay , Asrat Mekdes , Haftu Abera , Hagos Hadagay , mehari Mihret-ab
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Ethiopia. Despite the recommendations by different national and international organizations for cervical cancer screening, service utilization remains low. Besides, the existing studies are unable to explore the lived experiences of women with cervical cancer screening.
Objective: To explore the opportunities and challenges for cervical cancer screening among women living in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2021 GC.
Methodology: Phenomenological study design was employed and women who are married, had a history of childbirth, are native Tigrigna speakers, and had lived at least six months in the study area were interviewed. Data was collected using in-depth interview guides and a total of fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted. Audios were transcribed first and translated to English version then after, a code book was developed. Then data was imported to ATLAS ti 7 software and codes were categorized, themes and families were identified. Finally, the data was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Result: In this study, a total of fifteen women were interviewed and their minimum and maximum age were 32&47 years, respectively. Opportunities and challenges were explored from the participants’ perspective; they explained that health extension workers, access to information, and seeing screened and treated women were among the opportunities for cervical cancer screening and in the counterpart carelessness, less awareness and embarrassment were the challenges mentioned by the respondents which were recognized as obstacles not to attend cervical cancer screening. They explained that again failure to attend cervical cancer screening may end up with infertility and death.
Conclusions and recommendations: Health extension workers, access to information, and seeing screened and treated women were opportunities to utilize cervical cancer screening, whereas carelessness, lack of awareness, and embarrassment were challenges that hindered screening for cervical cancer. As the cervical cancer screening service is essential in protecting and promoting women’s lives, the health system should give emphasis to scale up screening for cervical cancer in order to prevent morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer by mobilizing both community members and health professionals.
Use of Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin for Nephrotoxic Medication Acute Kidney Injury Screening in Neonates
Authors: Slagle Cara , Hemmelgarn Trina , Gavigan Hailey , Krallman Kelli , Goldstein Stuart
Published: October 2023

Background
Daily serum creatinine monitoring protocols for acute kidney injury (AKI) are invasive and may lead to surveillance resistance. We aimed to understand if use of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) could increase high-risk nephrotoxic medication (NTMx) associated AKI screening adherence in neonates.
Methods
Statistical process control methods prior to and post implementation were trended. The primary outcome, screening adherence, was defined as either daily serum creatinine or uNGAL assessment through 2 days post high-risk NTMx exposure.
Results
1291 monitoring days from the pre-implementation era (4/2020-6/2021) were compared to1377 monitoring days from the post-era (6/2021-10/2022). AKI screening adherence increased (81–92%) following implementation of optional uNGAL screening. Urine NGAL accounted for 35% of screening obtained with a 40% reduction in blood sampling for serum creatinine.
Conclusions
Incorporation of uNGAL as a complementary screening tool to serum creatinine demonstrated sustained increased AKI surveillance in our Baby NINJA monitoring program.
Stressful life events and stressful combat experiences have an indirect effect on symptoms of post-traumatic stress through mindfulness facets in UK Military Veterans
Authors: Harper Leanne , Jones Andrew , Goodwin Laura , Christiansen Paul , Gillespie Steven M.
Published: October 2023

Purpose This study tested whether stressful life events and stressful combat experiences are associated with post-traumatic stress symptomology (PTS-S), via facets of mindfulness, in UK military personnel.Methods A sample of 435 UK veterans were recruited to a cross-sectional, online study. Participants completed self-report measures of stressful life and combat experiences, mindfulness facets, and a symptom checklist for post-traumatic stress.Results There were indirect effects of stressful life events and stressful combat experiences on PTS-S, through a four-factor model of mindfulness, in a non-clinical sample of UK military veterans, adjusting for age and reason for leaving service (X2/df = 2.091, CF I = 0.898, TLI = 0.891, SRMR = 0.062, RMSEA = 0.050). There were significant indirect effects of stressful life events (β = 0.089, SE = 0.002, p < 0.001) and stressful combat experiences (β = 0.006, SE = 0.002, p < 0.001) on PTS-S through mindful Non-judging awareness. Indirect effect through other facets of mindfulness were all non-significant.Conclusion The adverse effects of stressful life events and stressful combat experiences on PTS-S were buffered in participants with greater non-judgemental, mindful awareness. This could support tailored interventions for people who have been exposed to traumatic experiences.
Research on doctor‒patient communication teaching for oncology residents: A new teaching model
Authors: Yang Dong , Ai Xiaohong , Cai Manbo , Tong Qin , Mei Kai , Yang Qiao , Li Pian , Li Zhimin , He Junyan , Li Yi
Published: October 2023

Background
At present, there is no specific teaching method for doctor‒patient communication for oncology residents. This study combined BOPPPS (bridge-in, learning objective, pretest, participatory learning, posttest, and summary) teaching model and SBAR (situation-background-assessment-recommendation) communication model to try a new teaching and assessment model of doctor-patient communication, aiming to explore and improve the teaching method of doctor-patient communication for oncology residents.
Methods
Ninety residents were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 45) was trained with the BOPPPS teaching model combined with the SBAR communication model, the routine teaching method was adopted in the control group (n = 45). Indicators of assessment included doctor‒patient communication skills, satisfaction with teaching, and patient satisfaction.
Results
The scores for doctor‒patient communication ability were significantly better in experimental group than control group (P < 0.05). The degree of satisfaction degree (very satisfied + satisfied) of the experimental group were higher than control group (P < 0.05). The overall teaching satisfaction of the experimental group was 100.00%, the control group was 77.78%, P < 0.001. Patients’ satisfaction with the residents in the experimental group (93.3%) was significantly higher than control group (80.0%), P = 0.043.
Conclusion
The application of the BOPPPS combined with the SBAR can effectively enhance residents’ doctor‒patient communication ability and improve teaching satisfaction and patient satisfaction. This new model can effectively improve resident physician‒patient communication ability, which is worth actively promoting in clinical teaching work.
ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes expression and their SNPs variants identify a favorable signature for SCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy
Authors: Caliman Enrico , Fancelli Sara , Scolari Federico , Pasqui Adriano , Manneschi Clara , Lavacchi Daniele , Mazzoni Francesca , Gensini Francesca , Pasini Valeria , Comin Camilla Eva , Voltolini Luca , Pillozzi Serena , Antonuzzo Lorenzo
Published: October 2023

Background: Platinum chemotherapy (CT) remains the backbone of systemic therapy for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway plays a central role in the repair of the DNA damages exerted by platinum agents. Alteration in this repair mechanism may affect patients survival.
Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 38 patients with extended disease (ED)-SCLC treated with platinum-CT at Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence (Italy), between 2015 to 2020. On patient tumor samples, we performed mRNA expression analysis and characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three NER pathway genes, namely ERCC1, ERCC2 and ERCC5.
Results: Overall, we found a higher expression of ERCC genes in SCLC patients compared to the healthy controls. Patients with low ERCC1 and ERCC5 expression levels had a better median progression free survival (mPFS=7.1 vs 4.9 months, p=0.39 for ERCC1 and mPFS=6.9 vs 4.8 months, p=0.093 for ERCC5) and overall survival (mOS=8.7 vs 6.0 months, p=0.4 for ERCC1 and mOS=7.2 vs 6.2 months, p=0.13 for ERCC5). Genotyping analysis of five SNPs of ERCC genes showed a longer survival in patients harboring the wild-type genotype or the heterozygous variant of the ERCC1 rs11615 SNP (p=0.24 for PFS and p=0.14 for OS) and of the rs13181 and rs1799793 ERCC2 SNPs (p=0.43 and p=0.26 for PFS and p=0.21 and p=0.16 for OS, respectively) compared to patients with homozygous mutant genotypes.
Conclusions: The integrated analysis of ERCC genes expression and their SNPs variants seems to identify patients with better survival benefits to platinum-CT.
A model that discusses human behavior entirely
Authors: Cai Kaiyu , Wang Lianhui
Published: October 2023

The complexity of human behavior results in a lack of understanding of its entirety, which inhibits recognition and progression. Here, we develop a model to describe all kinds of human behaviors and illustrate its excellent applicability in several important activities, i.e., progression, development and differentiation, freedom attainment, and sustainability maintenance.
ThPOK and Runx3 Regulate the Differentiation of CD4+CD8αα+ IELs in Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Bao Chao-Fan , Wang Fang , Wang Xiao-Feng , Jiang Qin , Zhou Gang
Published: October 2023

Oral Lichen planus (OLP) is a common T cell-mediated oral mucosal immune inflammatory disease. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are a unique subset of T cells that play an important role in regulating immune response. However, its regulatory function in immunopathogenesis of OLP remains unknown. In this study, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to identify the phenotype of IELs in OLP. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry were performed to investigate the mechanism of differentiation regulation of IELs by T-helper-inducing POZ/Krueppel-like factor (ThPOK) and RUNX family transcription factor 3 (Runx3) in OLP. The results showed that the level of CD8α expression and CD8αα+ cells were significantly upregulated in the epithelium of OLP lesions, whereas they were downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of OLP. CD8β was not expressed in the epithelium of OLP lesions. CD4, CD8α and Runx3 expression were increased and ThPOK expression was decreased in the epithelium of OLP lesions. Moreover, CD4+CD8α+ cells were significantly upregulated in the epithelium of OLP. Furthermore, CD8α expression was positively correlated with Runx3 expression while ThPOK expression was negatively correlated with Runx3 expression. After retinoic acid (RA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation, CD8α and Runx3 expression was upregulated and ThPOK expression was downregulated in OLP naïve CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CD4+CD8αα+ IELs may be the major phenotype of IELs in OLP, and they are regulated negatively by ThPOK and positively by Runx3.
Augmented quantization: a general approach to mixture models
Authors: Sire Charlie , Rullière Didier , Riche Rodolphe Le , Rohmer Jérémy , Richet Yann , Pheulpin Lucie
Published: October 2023

The estimation of mixture models is a key to understanding and visualizing the distribution of multivariate data.
Most approaches to learning mixture models involve likelihoods and are not adapted to distributions with finite support or without a well-defined density function.

This study proposes the Augmented Quantization method, which is a reformulation of the classical quantization problem but which uses the $p$-Wasserstein distance.
This metric can be computed in very general distribution spaces, in particular with varying supports.
The clustering interpretation of quantization is revisited with distances between distributions.
The Augmented Quantization algorithm can handle mixtures of discrete and continuous measures, with finite or infinite supports.
Each step of the algorithm is supported by local minimizations of the generalized quantization error.
The performance of Augmented Quantization is first demonstrated through analytical toy problems.
Subsequently, it is applied to a practical case study involving river flooding, wherein mixtures of Dirac and uniform distributions are built in the input space, enabling the identification of the most influential variables.
Progression of astigmatism and myopia in children after school lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Teoh Ru Jian Jonathan , Ng Wei Loon , Rosland Siti Famira , Hannan Nabilatul , Chan Li Yen , Bahari Nor Akmal , Rahmat Jamalia
Published: October 2023

Lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic was found to increase the prevalence of astigmatism and myopia among schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the school lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on the changes in astigmatism and myopia in children with pre-existing astigmatism. A total of 247 children aged 5-17 years with refractive astigmatism who had been followed up in a pediatric ophthalmology clinic were included in this single-center study. Changes in refractive astigmatism and myopia before and after a year of school lockdown were recorded. A questionnaire focusing on demographic data, digital screen time, daytime outdoor activities duration, daily online classes duration, type of digital devices used, and type of light source used during screen time was administered. The median age of participants was 9.0 years (5, 17). The median cylindrical power and spherical equivalence of the children worsened after school lockdown (p=.011 and p= <.001 respectively). Subgroup analysis by age found that astigmatic progression was significant in primary school children (7-12 years old), while myopic progression was significant in primary and secondary school children (13-17 years old). There was a positive correlation between astigmatism and myopia progression (r (166) = .23, p = .003). During the lockdown, digital screen time and daily online classes duration increased while daily outdoor activities duration reduced. There were accelerated astigmatic and myopic progressions in children after the school lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are required to investigate the underlying etiology of the changes in refractive errors in school-going children post school lockdown.
The Female-to-Male Surgical Sterilization Ratio as an Indicator of Gender-Equity Gap in Colombia
Authors: Rosselli Diego , Carvajal Camila , Medina-Salazar Juan José , Rojas Juan Diego , Soto Valentina , Díaz Laura
Published: October 2023

Background: Within the spectrum of health-related concerns, sexual and reproductive health stands out as a domain where gender-based disparities against women are notably pronounced. The introduction of male surgical sterilization procedures has the potential to mitigate this gender inequity.
Methods: The Colombian Ministry of Health manages the SISPRO information system, encompassing comprehensive records of all medical procedures. Providers must input data for surgical interventions to secure reimbursement from health insurers. Data spanning the five-year period from 2017 to 2021 was collected nationwide for vasectomy and tubal sterilization procedures, including patient age, geographical location, and fees paid to providers in Colombian pesos (COP). Male-to-female (F/M) ratios were computed for each of Colombia's 32 departments and Bogota Capital District, further categorized into five regions: Amazon, Andes, Caribbean, Orinoco, and Pacific. Sterilization rates were determined for each region and the entire country by dividing procedure counts by the respective female or male populations, as reported by the National Statistics Department (DANE) in 2019. Conversion to US dollars (USD) was performed using the 2019 average official exchange rate (1 USD = 3,208.09 COP).
Results: Over this period, SISPRO registered 279,486 tubal sterilization procedures and 68,384 vasectomies. The average national F/M ratio stood at 4.09. Bogota, the capital city, exhibited the lowest F/M ratio (1.94), while Sucre, a Caribbean department, recorded the highest (76.9). Generally, the Caribbean region displayed the highest F/M ratios (average 25.95) and the lowest sterilization rates per 1000 for both females (9.40) and males (0.36). The national averages were 11.0 and 2.8, respectively. Vasectomy cost an average of USD $95.16 per procedure, whereas tubal ligation procedures averaged USD $146.70.
Conclusions: Multidisciplinary societal-based mechanisms for male contraception participation must be actively integrated into communities, with particular emphasis on the Caribbean region.
Research priorities in HIV, aging and rehabilitation: Building on a Framework with the Canada-International HIV and Rehabilitation Research Collaborative
Authors: O’Brien Kelly K. , Ibáñez-Carrasco Francisco , Birtwell Kelly , Donald Graeme , Brown Darren A. , Eaton Andrew D. , Kasadha Bakita , Stanmore Emma , Clair-Sullivan Natalie St. , Townsend Liam , Vera Jaime H. , Solomon Patricia
Published: October 2023

Background In 2016, the Canada-International HIV and Rehabilitation Research Collaborative established a framework of research priorities in HIV, aging and rehabilitation. Our aim was to review and identify any new emerging priorities from the perspectives of people living with HIV, clinicians, researchers, and representatives from community organizations. Methods We conducted a multi-stakeholder international consultation with people living with HIV, researchers, clinicians and representatives of community-based organizations. Stakeholders convened for a one-day Forum in Manchester, United Kingdom (UK) to discuss research priorities via a web-based questionnaire and facilitated discussions. We analyzed data using conventional content analytical techniques and mapped emerging priorities onto the foundational framework. Results Thirty-five stakeholders from the UK(n = 29), Canada(n = 5) and Ireland(n = 1) attended the Forum, representing persons living with HIV or representatives from community-based organizations(n = 12;34%), researchers or academics(n = 10;28%), service providers(n = 6;17%), clinicians(n = 4;11%); and trainees(n = 4;11%). Five priorities mapped onto the Framework of Research Priorities across three content areas: A–Episodic Health and Disability Aging with HIV (disability, frailty, social participation), B-Rehabilitation Interventions for Healthy Aging across the Lifespan (role, implementation and impact of digital and web-based rehabilitation interventions) and C–Outcome Measurement in HIV and Aging (digital and web-based rehabilitation health technology to measure physical activity). Stakeholders indicated methodological considerations for implementing digital and web-based rehabilitation interventions into research and practice and the importance of knowledge transfer and exchange among the broader community. Conclusion Results highlight the sustained importance of the framework of research priorities and provide further depth and areas of inquiry related to digital and web-based rehabilitation interventions and technology aging with HIV.
Network hub changes in the pars opercularis indicate impaired inhibition in tic disorder patients
Authors: Chi SuHyuk , Mok Young Eun , Kang June , Gim Jeong-An , Lee Moon-Soo
Published: October 2023

Objectives
This study aimed to utilize graph theory to explore the functional brain networks in individuals with tic disorders and investigate resting-state functional connectivity changes in critical brain regions associated with tic disorders.
Methods
Participants included individuals with tic disorders and age-matched healthy controls aged 6 to 18 years, all from Korea University Guro Hospital. We ensured a medication-naïve cohort by excluding participants exposed to psychotropic medications for at least three weeks before the study. Data included structural and resting-state functional MRI scans, analyzed with the CONN-fMRI Functional Connectivity toolbox v20b. The analysis included 22 patients (18 males, 4 females) and 26 controls (14 males, 12 females).
Results
Significantly increased global efficiency was observed in the left inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis in tic disorder patients compared to controls. Additionally, this region displayed enhanced resting-state functional connectivity with its right counterpart in patients versus controls. The inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, known for its inhibitory role, may reflect adaptive functional adjustments in response to tic symptoms.
Conclusion
Increased hubness of the inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis possibly represents functional adjustments in response to tic symptoms. The identified brain region with increased efficiency and connectivity presents a promising avenue for further research into tic expression and control mechanisms.
Computing the minimal perimeter polygon for sets of rectangular tiles based on visibility cones
Authors: Wiederhold Petra
Published: October 2023

In the context of digital image modelling and convexity analysis of digital objects, the minimum perimeter polygon (MPP) was defined in the 1970s in several articles by Sklansky, Chazin, Hansen, and Kibler, where sets of pixels were identified with plane mosaics or polygonal tilings, and, the Sklansky-Chazin-Hansen algorithm (1972) and the Sklansky-Kibler algorithm (1976) were proposed for determining the MPP vertices. Both algorithms rely on constructing and iteratively restricting visibility cones, the MPP vertices result as special vertices of the tiles. This paper reviews both classical algorithms for regular complexes which are special sets of rectangular tiles, and an adaptation to square tiles recommended in widely used modern digital image analysis text books (2018, 2020), to construct approximations of simple digital 4-contours. We show that these three algorithms are erroneous, specially, that the Sklansky-Chazin-Hansen algorithm has numerous types of errors, and that their mathematical foundation contains incorrect details. After analysing and correcting these errors, a new version of MPP algorithm for certain sets of rectangular tiles is presented, its correctness is proved, and the classical algorithms are corrected.
A Risk Assessment Model for the Entire Rice Processing Chain Based on Kmeans++ and Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Yu Jiabin , Ma Xinyue , Fan Yiyun , Zhang Xin , Cui Xiaoyu , Zhao Zhiyao
Published: October 2023

The rice processing chain is an extremely important part of the rice supply chain, so the risk assessment on the main pollutants in the rice processing chain is of great significance. The existing risk assessment methods are subjective on the weight determination of risk indicators and the comprehensive risk assessment of the processing chain, and they do not consider the characteristics of the indicators, resulting in the unreasonable assessment results. And the existing assessment models have poor robustness and low accuracy. To solve these problems, this article proposes a risk assessment method for the entire rice processing chain based on Kmeans + + and extreme learning machine (ELM). Based on multi-level risk assessment index system, a risk assessment model of main pollutants in rice processing chain was constructed. According to the characteristics of rice pollutants, the pollutant index toxicological characteristics were integrated into the entropy weight. The comprehensive risk index of the processing chain was obtained, and the Kmeans + + clustering algorithm was used to cluster the index and adaptively mining data characteristics to classify risk levels. ELM was used for risk assessment. The proposed method was validated by 75 sets of rice processing chain data, based on six pollutant indicators of Pb, Cd, Hg, aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. The results show that the risk classification accuracy of the proposed method in the test set was 93.3%, and it was more accurately and reasonably than the compared methods. This study strengthens the advantages of big data and artificial intelligence technology in food safety and supervision in the process of digital transformation of agriculture, provides more accurate and reliable decision-making basis for food safety supervisory departments, and lays a solid foundation for subsequent rapid warning and prevention and control decisions.
Fibrin glue mediated direct delivery of radiation sensitizers results in enhanced efficacy of radiation treatment
Authors: Nguyen Jane , Chandekar Akhil , Laurel Sophia , Dosanjh Jazleen , Gupta Keya , Le Justin , Hirschberg Henry
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Radiation therapy (RT) plays an important role in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, inherent intrinsic resistance of tumors to radiation, coupled with the need to consider the tolerance of normal tissues and the potential effects on neurocognitive function, impose constraints on the amount of RT that can be safely delivered. A strategy for augmenting the effectiveness of RT involves the utilization of radiation sensitizers (RS). Directly implanting RS-loaded fibrin glue (FG) into the tumor resection cavity would by-pass the blood brain barrier, potentially enhancing the impact of RT on tumor recurrence. This study investigated the ability of FG to incorporate and release, in non-degraded form, the radiation sensitizers 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and Motexafin gadolinium (MGd).
Methods
FG layers were created in a 24-well plate by combining thrombin, fibrinogen, and 5FU or MGd. Supernatants from these layers were collected at various intervals and added to F98 glioma spheroid cultures in 96-well plates. Radiation was applied either before or after RS application as single or fractionated dosages. Spheroid growth was monitored for 14 days.
Results
Combined treatment of FG-released 5FU and RT significantly inhibited spheroid growth compared to RS or RT as a single treatment. As a free drug, MGd demonstrated its efficacy in reducing spheroid volume, but had diminished potency as a released RS. Fractionated radiation was more effective than single dose radiation.
Conclusion
Non-degraded RS was released from the FG for up to 72 hours. FG-released 5FU greatly increased the efficacy of radiation therapy.
RETRACTED: Interpreting, Querying, and Securing Complex Financial Documents: A Blockchain-Enabled, OCR & Language Model Approach with Enhanced Cybersecurity Features
Authors:   Md Abu Sufian1,   Saad A. Zaman2,   Jayasree Varadarajan3,   Dr. Md Mostafa Kamal Sarker4,   Jeremy Levesley5,   Dr Niaz Chowdhury6
Published: October 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Scoping Review of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Somalia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Authors: Jayte Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Background
Helicobacter pylori infection is a global health concern, contributing to gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. However, knowledge about H. pylori epidemiology in Somalia is limited. This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on H. pylori prevalence in Somalia and associated factors.
Methods
We systematically retrieved six scholarly investigations on H. pylori prevalence in Somalia published until 2023 from academic databases. We extracted data on prevalence, demographics, and covariate factors.
Results
H. pylori infection varied (32.4–56.5%) across studies, with higher rates in adults and outpatient settings. Temporal variability was observed. Gastritis symptoms and female gender showed an association with H. pylori infection, while age, family history, diet, lifestyle, and comorbidities had inconclusive associations.
Conclusions
Somalia faces a substantial H. pylori burden, reaching 56.5% in symptomatic adults seeking outpatient care. Temporal prevalence fluctuations require further investigation. These findings inform research and clinical management. Population-based studies are essential to establish a national prevalence profile. This research addresses a critical knowledge gap in Somalia's H. pylori epidemiology, guiding public health strategies. Journals in gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and public health may consider this for publication.
Reflexion durch Aktion
Authors: Knaus Thomas , Schmidt Jennifer , Merz Olga
Published: October 2023

Ziel des in der Medienpädagogik etablierten Ansatzes der Aktiven Medienarbeit ist es, einen erfahrungs- und handlungsorientierten Zugang anzubieten und damit mediale Kommunikations-, Kritik- und Gestaltungsfähigkeiten zu stärken. In einer digital geprägten Gesellschaft ist dieses Ziel aktueller denn je, denn aufgrund der digitalen Basis aktueller Medien ‚kommunizieren‘ technologische Prinzipien und Muster sowie in digitale Technik eingeschriebene Werte und Normen stets mit. Was bedeutet dieses ‚Mit-kommunizieren‘ sowie die Erkenntnis, dass auch menschliche Kommunikation nicht mehr nur zwischen Menschen stattfindet, für das gesellschaftliche Miteinander, für Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und Bildungsprozesse?Wie Medien auch, ist (digitale) Technik dank ihrer prinzipiellen Offenheit und Plastizität grundsätzlich gestaltbar und bietet daher erfahrungs- und handlungsorientierte Zugänge geradezu an. Die Ansätze des produktiven Technikhandelns wie der des medienpädagogischen Makings ermöglichen aber nicht nur den kreativen Umgang mit digitalen Tools und Werkstoffen, sondern auch die kritische Reflexion des dabei Erlebten. In unserem Beitrag führen die Autor*innen konzeptionell in das produktive Medien- und Technikhandeln ein und begründen anhand exemplarischer Einblicke in eine laufende qualitative Studie, warum diese von der Aktiven Medienarbeit inspirierten pädagogischen Ansätze die praktische Förderung einer um digitaltechnische Dimensionen erweiterten Medienbildung ermöglichen können.
„Also es ist für die Kinder sehr selbstverständlich geworden.“
Authors: Kindermann Katharina , Ade Larissa
Published: October 2023

Die alltägliche Arbeit mit Tablets im Unterricht stellt selbst in Zeiten der Digitalisierung noch immer die Ausnahme dar. Entsprechend liegen Erkenntnisse zur Perspektive der schulischen Akteur*innen auf eine intensive Nutzung von Tablets im Unterricht bislang fast ausschließlich im Rahmen von Modellprojekten vor. Der vorliegende Beitrag ist das Ergebnis der wissenschaftlichen Begleitstudie zur Implementierung zweier Tabletklassen in der dritten Jahrgangsstufe an einer bayerischen Grundschule, wobei der Implementierungsprozess allein von der Schule aus initiiert und umgesetzt wurde.Ein Bestandteil der Studie war die summative Evaluation, in der die beiden Klassenlehrkräfte am Ende des Schuljahres 2021/22 dazu befragt wurden, wie sie das erste Jahr in der Tabletklasse gestaltet und erlebt haben. Die Interviews wurden mittels zusammenfassender Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet und geben einen Einblick in Voraussetzungen und entlastende Rahmenbedingungen auf dem Weg zur Digitalisierung aus Sicht der beiden Lehrerinnen (z. B. Bedeutung der kollegialen Kooperation) und welche Bausteine sie als maßgebend für die methodisch-didaktische Umsetzung der Tabletklasse erachten (z. B. alltägliche Rolle des Tablets im Unterricht). Die Lehrkräfte berichten zudem von Problemstellen und systematischen Entwicklungsbedarfen (z. B. hinsichtlich der Multiplikation ihrer Erfahrungen). Im Beitrag wird die Perspektive der Lehrerinnen dargestellt und abschließend mit Blick auf die Weiterentwicklung des Konzepts Tabletklasse in der Grundschule diskutiert.
Vorstellungen von Lehramtsstudent*innen über den Umgang mit digitalen Medien in der Grundschule
Authors: Kulcke Gesine
Published: October 2023

Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden Ergebnisse aus der Arbeit Kinder. Medien. Kontrolle. Vorstellungen von Lehramtsstudent*innen über den Umgang mit Medien in der Grundschule mit der These in den Blick genommen, dass (angehende) Lehrkräfte davon überzeugt sind, dass sie das, was sie sich für den Umgang mit Medien in Schule und Unterricht vorstellen können, vor allem pädagogisch begründen. Anhand einzelner Sequenzen, die aus Gruppendiskussionen entnommen wurden, die für die Arbeit geführt und dokumentarisch ausgewertet wurden, zeige ich jedoch auf, dass Vorstellungen über den Umgang mit digitalen Medien in der Grundschule nicht vorrangig pädagogisch begründet werden, sondern durch ganz unterschiedliche Faktoren bestimmt werden, die es im Kontext der Lehramtsausbildung zu reflektieren gilt. Die Arbeit wurde 2019 an der Pädagogischen Hochschule als Dissertation angenommen und 2020 im transcript Verlag veröffentlicht.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Bildung: Was sollen wir wissen? Was können wir tun? Was dürfen wir hoffen? Und was ist diese KI?
Authors: Thomas Knaus et AI
Published: October 2023

Ursprünglich handelte es sich bei diesem Text um ein mittels textgenerierender KI verschriftlichtes Review des Vortrags KI in Schule und Hochschule – Impulse aus bildungstheoretischer Perspektive, den der Humanautor dieses Beitrags im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung Kollaboration mit Kollegin KI – Kreativität und Innovation in der digitalen Arbeitsgesellschaft des Fraunhofer IAO und dem Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft und Technologiemanagement (IAT) an der Universität Stuttgart gehalten hat. Sowohl bei dem Vortrag als auch bei dem nun vorliegenden Text war Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) also nicht nur Gegenstand, sondern auch Co-Autor*in: KI-basierte Text- und Bildgeneratoren wirkten bei der Erstellung der Vortragsfolien und der ersten Entwürfe dieses Texts mit. Am Ende blieb dann aber nur sehr wenig von diesen Erstentwürfen übrig. Dafür entstand ein umfänglicher, interdisziplinär ausgerichteter und ausführlich belegter Text zur Frage, wie KI unsere Gesellschaften und unseren Umgang mit Wissen beeinflusst und was das für uns, die Gesellschaft und das Bildungssystem bedeutet.

Hierfür diskutieren der Humanautor und seine künstlichen Co-Autor*innen exemplarisch Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Arbeitswelt, Wissensproduktion sowie für Schule und Hochschule. In Ermangelung einer ‚Glaskugel‘ muss die konzeptionelle Analyse retrospektiv auf Basis von Beschreibungen historischer Transformationsprozesse erfolgen: Die Veränderungen, die KI-Werkzeuge heute für ‚geistige‘ Arbeit wie Recherche und Wissensproduktion mit sich bringen, werden mit denjenigen Veränderungen ins Verhältnis gesetzt, die im Zuge der Industrialisierung die Entwicklung der Maschinen für die körperliche Arbeit des Menschen bedeutete.

Abschließend werden – aufbauend auf vier bekannten Fragen – Strategien erarbeitet, die eine gelingende Zusammenarbeit von Maschine und Mensch ermöglichen. Hierfür reflektierten die Autor*innen dieses Beitrags auch ihre eigene kritisch-konstruktive Zusammenarbeit.
Tagungsbericht: "Maker-Education in der Lehrer*innenbildung. Konzept – Einsatz – Transfer"
Authors: Schmidt Jennifer
Published: October 2023

Am 09. und 10. März 2023 fand an der Pädagogischen Hochschule Ludwigsburg die Projektkonferenz „Maker-Education in der Lehrer*innenbildung. Konzept – Einsatz – Transfer“ statt. Mit einem Programm aus wissenschaftlichen Vorträgen, Workshops und einer Postersession bot die Konferenz allen interessierten Wissenschaftler*innen, Maker*innen, Lehrer*innen, Studierenden und Praxisakteur*innen die Möglichkeit, (medien-)pädagogische und fachspezifische Chancen und Herausforderungen von pädagogischen Ansätzen des Making (Maker-Education) zu diskutieren und Merkmale der Making-Kultur aktiv zu erfahren. Rund 80 Teilnehmer*innen aus Deutschland, der Schweiz, Österreich und Norwegen kamen an beiden Konferenztagen zusammen. Moderiert wurde die Tagung von der Medienpädagogin Kristin Narr.