bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI RAHMATAN LIL â€˜ALAMIN PERSPEKTIF KH. HASYIM MUZADI DI MADRASAH
Authors: Rosidi Rosidi
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Islam is a religion which has been perfecting celestial religions, and teaching about the importance of love and peace. KH. Hasyim Muzadi was among one of the national figures after the reformation and tragedy of the WTC 11 // 2011 in America who consistently campaigned for the teachings of Islam by carrying "Islam rahmatan lil Alamin" in the world. Thus, the negative stigma of the west - non-Muslims - towards radical Islam and terror can be addressed. He used three methods in conveying the idea of rahmatan lil 'alamin with a da'wa (missionary endeavor), law and political approach. While the teachings are translated with tawasuth, â€˜itidal, tawazun, tasamuh and tasyawur as negation tathorruf (radical) and irhab (terror). All three, can bring Islam that carries out the grace of all nature. Both the method and translation of these teachings are used in the Islamic school curriculum or at least in learning activity there.Keywords: Islamic moderation, Hasyim Muzadi and Islamic School.
LAKU TASAWUF ORANG TUA UNTUK PENCAPAIAN KECERDASAN MORAL DAN SPIRITUAL ANAK
Authors: Hidayah Ulil
Published: June 2023

Sufism is a morality that is used by Sufis to draw closer to God through practices of worship and penance. The aim of the approach taken by the Sufis is to find calm and tranquility in living life with all the achievements it hopes for. Sufism is also a practice for lay people to take part in as the goal of achieving the desired expectations. Like parents who also have hopes for the achievement of their child's success, parents make various efforts to have smart children. One of the efforts made beyond his limits is to get closer to the perpetrator of Sufism with the essence that determines everything. In this study, the variables studied were emotional and spiritual intelligence in children through Sufism behavior by their parents. Researchers conducted qualitative descriptive research techniques to explore data about how Sufism was carried out by parents to realize their desire to have children who were emotionally and spiritually intelligent and described them with analysis tools. The object of this research is the parents as guardians of students of Madrasah Diniyah Nurul Falah in Ranubedali Village Ranuyoso Lumajang.
NILAI MULTIKULTURAL BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI PESANTREN KULON BANON - KAJEN
Authors: Rif'an Ali
Published: June 2023

Multiculturalism in pesantren Kulon Banon is a inevability by design or naturally. This study aims to produce a multicultural value inheritance construction built in the process of inheriting local wisdom values. This Ethographic research by sequence methods. Informants in this research are Kyai, asatidz, and santries by snowball sampling tecnique. Researchers were present to extract data from informants, its indept interviews and participatory observation. Data analysis used is domain analysis with technical of philosopy analysis by credibitity, transferabitity, dependability and confirmability. Validity data by persistent observation, triangulation, member check, peer reviewing; and referencial adequacy check. The results of study in local wisdom based multicultural values developed in the Pesantren Kulon Banon 6 key concept were identified: tawassut (moderate), iftitah (inclusive), tasamuh (tolerance), ukhuwwah (brotherhood), As Salam (peace) and masuliyah (responsibility). (2) The process of inheriting multicultural values based on local wisdom includes content, processes, methods and agents as elements that work in one cybernetics system, namely institutionalization, socialization, internalization and control carried out in an integrated process.
Perancangan Tangki Nosel (Nozzle) Semburan Air Pada Alat Tes Jomini (Jominy Test)
Authors: Wahyudi Dedi , Jaim Jaim , Djuhana Djuhana
Published: June 2023

Tangki pendinginan pada alat uji jomini merupakan tempat dimana proses uji jomini berlangsung. Permasalahan yang terjadi banyaknya sisa-sisa cairan pada dasar tangki ini ketika proses pengujian selesai sehingga mengakibatkan timbulnya korosif yang mengakibatkan usia pakai tangki tersebut tidak lama. Kebocoran dan juga retak pada daerah sambungan las terjadi seiring dengan waktu berjalan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui model tangki, pengaruh arus las terhadap tegangan dan regangan dan terakhir untuk mengetahui kekuatan sambungan las. Pengujian kemiringan dasar tangki menggunakan beberapa sudut kemiringan yaitu : 4 derajat, 9 derajat, 14 derajat dan 19 derajat sedangkan untuk pengujian kekuatan las dan pengaruh terhadap tegangan dan regangan menggunakan las SMAW dengan arus 50 ampere, 60 ampere dan 70 ampere. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik pengujian secara langsung yaitu mengamati dan mencatat secara langsung hasil eksperimen kemudian menyajikan data dan menyimpulkan hasil penelitian. hasil pengujian kemiringan didapat data hasil penelitian pada sudut 4 derajat debit sebesar 3,69 ml/detik, pada sudut 9 derajat  debit sebesar 3,83 ml/detik, pada sudut 14 derajat didapat debit sebesar 3,99 ml/detik dan pada sudut 19 derajat didapat debit sebesar 4,07 ml/detik. Data hasil uji Tarik pada arus 50 ampere didapat σ = 0,246 kg/mm2, ε = 0,57%, pada arus 60 Ampere didapat σ = 0,247  kg/mm2, ε = 0,62% sedangkan pada arus 70 Ampere didapat σ = 0,246 kg/mm2, ε = 0,58%. Pada pengujian kekerasan Equotip didapat hasil 222 HL pada arus 50 ampere, 223 HL pada arus 60 amper dan 216 HL pada arus 70 ampere. Ini menunjukan bahwa pada sudut kemiringan 9 derajat sudah tidak ada terjadi genangan air pada dasar tangki yang menyebabkan korosi dan tidak mengurangi fungsi saat pengujian jomini berlangsung, sedangkan tegangan dan regangan tertinggi didapat pada arus las 60 ampere dan juga memiliki kekuatan las tertinggi dan relatif stabil di setiap titik lasnya yaitu sebesar 223 HL.
Efektifitas Ekstrak Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia Purpurata K. Schum) Terhadap Cendawan (Botryodiplodia Thebromae)
Authors: Aji P Ikhsan Gatot , Nurkanti Mia
Published: June 2023

Botryodiplodia theobromae merupakan permasalahan utama dalam pertanian jeruk, sehingga perlu dilakukan penanganan dengan memanfaatkan biofungisida yang aman bagi lingkungan pertanian. Penelitian ini mempunyai target/tujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui keeefektifan ekstrak lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Botryodiplodia theobromae pada tanaman jeruk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan jenis metode yaitu desain penelitian RAL (Rangkaian Acak Lengkap) dengan melakukan 6 perlakuan dan 4 pengulangan. Hasil dari analisis data yang sudah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak lengkuas merah pada konsentrasi 50% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan Botryodiplodia theobromae, karena pertumbuhan pada konsentrasi 50% lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan EC50% pada control aquades. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa ekstrak lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Botryodiplodia theobromae pada tanaman jeruk.
Penerapan Perspektif Green Theory Dalam Renewable Energy Dan Electrical Vehicle (Ev) Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perubahan Sosial
Authors: Ashri Nurul , Putri Sunny Ineza
Published: June 2023

Pemanasan global merupakan peristiwa meningkatnya temperatur rata-rata di permukaan bumi sebagai akibat dari berkumpulnya gas-gas yang membentuk efek rumah kaca pada lapisan atmosfer bumi. Gas-gas rumah kaca (GRK) tersebut telah menahan radiasi sinar matahari yang dipantulkan oleh bumi sehingga suhu di permukaan bumi menjadi panas. Menyadari permasalahan di atas, pada abad ke 20 atau sejak tahun 1960-an, mulai dikembangkan konsep green theory, yaitu konsep kerjasama lingkungan untuk mengatasi kerusakan lingkungan akibat pemanasan global. Selanjutnya, konsep green theory ini diaplikasikan pada electrical vehicle dan renewable energy oleh beberapa negara di dunia. Oleh karena itu, dibuatlah penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apakah penerapan green theory pada electrical vehicle dan renewable energy merupakan (1) suatu bentuk perubahan sosial masyarakat dunia yang membutuhkan proses panjang, (2) bentuk revolusi dari perubahan sosial masyarakat dunia, (3) menghasilkan perubahan sosial di masyarakat yang berujung atau menuju satu titik yang sama. Dengan diketahuinya kendala dalam mengimplementasikan green theory dan pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan sosial masyarakat dunia, akan menjadi masukan bagi para pihak-pihak terkait untuk menerapkannya.
Analisa Kinerja LoRa di Bidang Pertanian di Desa Sitoluama, Toba
Authors: Manalu Istas Pratomo , Naibaho Frans , Siahaan Elisabeth Sri L. , Hadi Hamora
Published: June 2023

Salah satu kemajuan teknologi yang mulai diterapkan diberbagai bidang adalah transmisi data. Transmisi data mengirimkan pesan antar satu titik menuju titik lainnya yang  untuk mendapatkan ataupun bertukar informasi. Untuk melakukan transmisi data tersebut dibutuhkan teknologi dan alat yang dimana dapat mendukung saat proses tersebut. Teknologi yang mendukung sistem transmisi data tersebut adalah Wireless Sensor Network. Alat yang mendukung transmisi data tersebut adalah LoRa. LoRa merupakan sebuah modul yang mampu mendukung sistem transmisi data dengan jangkauan jarak yang cukup jauh. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian LoRa dengan menggunakan beberapa jarak yaitu 100 meter, 200 meter, 300 meter, 400 meter untuk mendapatkan nilai RSSI dan SNR. Tujuan untuk menentukan RSSI dan SNR tersebut adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja LoRa dalam mengirimkan data dibidang pertanian. Pengujian yang dilakukan masih di daerah pertanian yang masih dalam kategori banyak penghalang dan banyak noise. Sehingga pada pengujian yang dilakukan, LoRa masih dapat digunakan untuk mengirim data, hanya saja semakin jauh jarak transceiver ke receiver maka akan semakin banyak data yang hilang. Pada jarak 100 meter, data yang diterima sebanyak 10 data. Pada jarak 200 meter sebanyak 9 data, jarak 300 meter sebanyak 7 data dan pada jarak 400 meter diterima data sebanyak 3 data.
Pendampingan baca tulis Al Qur’an dengan metode iqro’ di TPQ Al Amin Dusun Ciparakan
Authors: Maesyaroh Yuni , Albar Mawi Khusni
Published: June 2023

Masyarakat Dusun Ciparakan adalah mayoritas bermata pencaharian sebagai petani. Petani merupakan sebuah profesi yang sangat mulia sangat berperan sekali bagi negara. Petani menghasilkan kebutuhan pokok sebagai makanan pokok sehari-hari. Petani lebih banyak menghabiskan waktunya di sawah, berangkat pagi pulang sore dan malamnya digunakan sebagai istirahat sehingga jarang sekali mendampingi anak-anaknya belajar terutama belajar baca tulis al qur’an. Masih banyak anak-anak di Dusun Ciparakan ini yang masih belum bisa dalam baca tulis al qur’an. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan pendampingan baca tulis al qur’an di TPQ Al Amin. metode iqro’ merupakan salah satu metode dalam baca tulis al qur’an yang efektif di gunakan untuk anak usia dini, metode iqro’ dilengkapi oleh buku tajwid praktis dan relatif dalam waktu yang singkat. Cara ini ditekankan pada bacaan dengan fashih dan benar sesuai dengan makhrojnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan sebuah penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan metode Participatory Active Research (PAR) . Pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian bahwa dengan adanya pendampingan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan anak-anak TPQ dalam baca tulis al qu’an.  Terlihat motivasi anak-anak TPQ dalam membaca al qur’an dengan baik dan benar.
Pemberdayaan lembaga keagamaam dalam memperkuat aqidah Islam bagi masyarakat urban Kota Semarang
Authors: Nawafi Moh Muhtador , Bintari Intan Permata Dewi Surya
Published: June 2023

Artikel ini mengulas kegiatan pengabdian kolaboratif antara dosen dan mahasiswa Fakultas Ushuluddin di TPQ Al-Manshurin terkait penguatan aqidah Islam. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini ialah memberikan pemahaman dan penguatan bagi anak PAUD sampai Mahasiswa terkait aqidah Islam yang menggunakan TPQ Al-Manshurin sebagai media pengabdian. Adapun metode dari pengabdian ini ialah PAR (Participatory Action Research) yang melibatkan secara aktif semua pihak-pihak yang relevan (stakeholders) dalam mengkaji tindakan yang sedang berlangsung, sedangkan hasil dari pengabdian ini menunjukkan masih kurangnya pengajaran aqidah Islam di lingkungan perkotaan, kurang peduli orang tua atas pendidikan agama anak dan anak yang masih suka bermain serta pemenuhan media pembelajarn yang jarang sesuai
Pelatihan pemasaran digital olahan produk nanas dari UMKM Desa Rimbo Panjang Riau
Authors: Yonanda Hasasti , Khadijah Khairiyah , Ikzaz M. Fadli , Rantasori Taufik Ihsan , Kurniawan Ari
Published: June 2023

pandemi, industri kecil menghadapi kondisi yang hampir sama dengan kondisi masyarakat industri secara keseluruhan. Tetapi ada hal yang membedakannya yaitu dalam memproduksi hingga memasarkan produk secara mandiri. Adanya pelatihan marketing yang diberikan untuk masyarakat industri kecil sangat berpengaruh dan mendukung dalam memasarkan produk ataupun pelayanan jasa ke konsumen dengan inovasi terobosan baru. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan langkah-langkah yang mudah dalam mengaplikasikan pemasaran digital yang berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, yang mana akan menciptakan daya tarik konsumen terhadap produk. Metode penerapan dari kegiatan ini dengan berdiskusi dan praktek langsung membuat caption untuk media sosial, latihan pengambilan foto untuk produk, pembentukan working group, penjualan secara online dan presentasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan pengalaman kepada pelaku UMKM terkait aspek penting yaitu digital economy serta industri kecil memiliki kesadaran untuk menerapkan digital marketing guna meningkatkan kualitas penjualan atau pemasaran produk dengan lebih mudah terutama untuk produk olahan nanas yang khas dari Desa Rimbo Panjang, Riau.
9 Ağustos 1912 Mürefte-Şarköy Depremi’nin Afet Yönetimi Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: LAZ Bekir , UTKUCU Murat
Published: June 2023

9 Ağustos 1912 Mürefte-Şarköy depremi (MS 7.4), Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu (KAFZ) boyunca meydana gelmiştir. Son yıllardaki yerbilim çalışmaları, deprem fay kırılmasının daha önce sanıldığı gibi sadece Ganos Fay Segmentini değil, aynı zamanda Marmara Denizi'nin Orta Havzasına kadar uzandığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada, depremin etkileri Sadi (1912), ve Ambraseys ve Finkel'in (1987) çalışmalarından ve Mürefte Kazası Kaymakamı raporundan derlenmiştir. Hasarlı binalar, can kaybı ve yaralılar üzerinden bildirilen etkiler karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu kaynaklar farklı rakamlar vermekle birlikte, Mürefte ve Şarköy ilçelerinin en çok etkilenen yerleşim yerleri olduğu, Tekirdağ ve Çanakkale illerinin merkez yerleşimlerinde ise etkilerin görece ılımlı olduğu konusunda hemfikir oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır. Gelibolu ilçesindeki etki ise ağır ve orta arsında sınıflandırılmıştır. Fay kırılması boyunca uzun fakat dar bir alan olarak gözlenen ağır etkilerin mekansal dağılımı, tehlikenin kayıplardaki rolünü yansıtan KAFZ'nin faylanma özelliği ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Fay boyunca yer almasına rağmen Gelibolu ilçesinde fay boyunca yer alan Mürefte ve Şarköy ilçelerine göre daha az etki, tehlikeye veya faya olan mesafenin ve zemin koşullarının etkisi olarak yorumlanmıştır ki bu da fiziksel maruziyet ve incinirliğin toplam kayıplar üzerindeki rolünü düşündürmektedir. Depremlerden hemen sonra bildirilen yangınlar, ikincil deprem tehlikelerinin önemini göstermiştir. Deprem sonrası yapılan yardım ve iyileştirme çalışmalarının ayrıntılı incelenmesi, Osmanlı Donanması unsurlarının özellikle nakliye ve deniz suyu arıtmada kullanıldığını ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının, özellikle Hilal-ı Ahmer’in (şimdiki Kızılay'ın selefi) ve gönüllülerin çeşitli afet yardımlarında kullanıldığını göstermiştir ki müteakip felaketin yönetiminde yapıcı bir şekilde destekleyici bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, 1912 Balkan Savaşı'nın olumsuz etkileri ve depremin olduğu bölgede azınlıkların varlığının yabancı ülkeler tarafından manipüle edilmesinin afet yönetimini yıkıcı bir şekilde etkilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, çökmekte olan Osmanlı Devleti'nin böyle bir felakete hazır olmamasına rağmen siyasi ve ekonomik durumu itibariyle oldukça iyi tepki verdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
The Hermeneutical Frameworks Of Fernando Canale And Fritz Guy: Sola And Prima Scriptura And The Science-Theology Relationship
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Brousson Ryan
Published: June 2023

This thesis presents research on the hermeneutical frameworks of sola and prima Scriptura and how they affect the science-theology relationship. It specifically focuses on the writings of Fernando Canale and Fritz Guy who hold opposing views on both sola and prima Scriptura and the relationship between science and theology. Canale argues for a sola Scriptura framework with science governed by theology, whereas Guy argues for a prima Scriptura framework with science and theology working independently of each other. This thesis begins with a brief historical overview of the issues and then moves into describing Canale’s and Guy’s views. It ends with an evaluation of their positions and some suggestions for a more comprehensive framework that can incorporate valuable aspects of each scholar’s proposals. The research concludes that what is needed is a hermeneutical framework that combines sola and prima Scriptura principles (as indicated but not fully developed by Canale). Currently, Canale’s and Guy’s frameworks, viewed separately, do not take into account important aspects of the science-theology relationship. A combination sola-prima framework is helpful for clarifying the relations between science and theology and for guiding the influence of other sources/resources on theology.
Intensity Structure: An Exegetical Approach To Pharaoh's Heart Hardening
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Rodriguez Anthony
Published: June 2023

Problem How can the LORD ascribe sin to humans if He Himself hardens their hearts in order to resist His will? This investigation was directed to find a tentative answer to the paradoxical story of the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart. Various approaches to this phenomenon of hardening were explored. Among these views the most common are: (1) the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, (2) Pharaoh hardened his own heart, and (3) the LORD and Pharaoh played a part in the process of the hardening. None of these approaches were found to be fully satisfactory, and no scholarly consensus has emerged in dealing with the problem. Method This investigation focused on an exegetical analysis of the meaning of the verbs חזק, קשה, and כבד in the context of the Exodus narrative. Results The result of this investigation was the revelation of an “Intensity Structure” of the story of Pharaoh’s heart hardening. Conclusion This revelation of an “Intensity Structure” tentatively offers a new approach to the understanding of the story of Pharaoh’s heart hardening. This intensity structure suggests that the LORD never hardened Pharaoh’s heart, but rather He acted severely against Pharaoh’s heart in a gradual manner. The LORD started with a pacific message for Pharaoh, but Pharaoh refused to hear the LORD’s command. Then the LORD increased His power and became severe against Pharaoh, but Pharaoh became more obstinate, and the LORD had to act in an overwhelming manner with Pharaoh. After the heavy/overwhelming treatment of the LORD against Pharaoh, he let the people go out of Egypt.
A Comparative Study of Hermeneutical Approaches to the Seven Seals
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Novac Harold
Published: June 2023

Problem From the beginnings God had a purpose with His prophetical messages to the world and we can see in the Bible clearly, that God always presented His prophetical messages in a certain order. A chronological method was favored by God. That is why from the beginnings, as Seventh-Day Adventists we believed that the best way to interpret the secrets of Revelation is through the historicist approach. Unfortunately this view is fading among scholars, even among SDA researchers. Purpose We are going to investigate why this is happening and we will show that historicism has a lot to say, even in the 21st century. This view has to be protected and we have to give back its purpose and function. This is the only way we can really see what God has shown us through the book and this is what people need in the last days in order to be able to understand to book of Revelation appropriately. Method In order to be able to see that the historical approach is appropriate, we have to see and compare what the other interpretation schools have to say about the book of Revelation. That is what we are going to use in this paper. Seal by seal we will investigate each interpretation school (Preterism, Futurism, Idealism, Historicism), and what they have to say about the seals. This way we are going to have a clearer view of all these methods. Conclusion After a careful study, it will be presented that Preterism and Futurism have been developed way after historicism, by two different Spanish Jesuits. The reason is very simple. The time, when they came into existence was exactly the period when reformation started to occur within the church. That was the time when the reformers identified Babylon as the Roman Catholic Church. Of course this was not pleasant for the leaders so they needed to do something in the level of interpretation. This is the time when these two interpretation schools arose. Another important find is how God always had prophetic messages to his people. If we study the book of Daniel, we can realize that all the predictions about the futuristic kingdoms are in a chronological order, covering the whole period until Jesus’ birth. The Bible says about God that He is not changing. God inspired Daniel to write his book, and the same God inspired John to write the book of Revelation, therefore the predictions in the book should have the same chronological order, which is absent from Idealism and Futurism. Some other findings are also in our favor which will be presented further in the paper.
Speaking Life To A Church In The Process Of Healing And Growth
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Buffong Emeka
Published: June 2023

Problem Over the past several years, there has been a marked decline in almost every area of the Niles Philadelphia Seventh-day Adventist Church life. Members have reported feeling overwhelmed with discouragement, and overall commitment has dwindled significantly. This poor morale is reflected by the low numbers at prayer meetings, Sabbath services and other church functions. Furthermore, there is difficulty in filling church offices and even when individuals volunteer to serve in specific offices they often later resign or lose their motivation to serve. Church members often appear to look for excuses to leave. There is a deep sense of discontentment. Method The Natural Church Development Survey (Schwarz, 2012) was administered to a convenience sample of 30 volunteers who were either members or regular visitors at Niles Philadelphia Seventh-day Adventist Church. Following data collection, a survey response committee was formulated to craft a plan for addressing the minimum factor revealed by the survey data. The survey response committee operated according to the principles of the functional group communication theory and developed a plan which was presented to the Niles Philadelphia Seventh-day Adventist Church board for acceptance and implementation. Results The Natural Church Development Survey identifies eight quality characteristics, as prevalent in every healthy church, with an average score of 50. These characteristics emerged in the Niles Philadelphia Seventh-day Adventist Church sample in the following descending order, based on each score. The highest scoring characteristic was passionate spirituality, with a score of 46. This was followed by gift-based ministry, with a score of 35, inspiring worship service with a score of 27, effective structures, with a score of 24, need-oriented evangelism, with a score of 21, empowering leadership, with a score of 20, holistic small groups, with a score of 16, and loving relationships was the minimum factor with a score of 15. Overall the church has a lot of room for growth. The survey response committee developed recommendations to address this minimum factor. Already members are becoming hopeful and are encouraged to use their gifts to make our church a place where loving relationships can be experienced regularly. Conclusions The eight quality characteristics are scored highly in every growing church and score lowly in dying churches. Administering the Natural Church Development Survey was a good starting point. Momentum is being built in a positive direction and members are seeing that they are the church, therefore solutions must come from the church members. As members interact to improve the minimum factor of loving relationships, a common passion is being fostered and members are developing more faith in God, edifying each other in the process. Members are beginning to open up to each other because in this process they have discovered how much they have in common.
An Evaluation Of The Definition Of Exhaustive Foreknowledge In The Writings Of Richard Rice
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Akawobsa Dennis
Published: June 2023

Problem This thesis addresses the conflict of interpretation between Richard Rice’s model of God’s exhaustive knowledge of the future as a realm of possibilities and the generally accepted traditional model of God’s exhaustive definite knowledge of the future. In harmony with the traditional perspective, Richard Rice has affirmed God’s exhaustive knowledge of the past and the present. However, in contrast to the traditional perspective, he has denied God’s exhaustive definite foreknowledge of future free choices. According to Rice, God can know everything there is to know. This implies that, on one hand, the future does not yet exist, so God does not know it. On the other hand, the future that God knows is partly composed of possibilities and partly determined by God. Moreover, Rice cites as evidence several passages of Scripture that describe God as regretting, repenting, and changing His mind. Such passages suggest to Rice that God does not have exhaustive definite foreknowledge of the future. The question is: Should God’s emotional regret (נחם) be interpreted to imply lack of exhaustive definite foreknowledge? Methodology Chapter 1 introduces the background, problem, purpose, significance, delimitation, and research methodology of the study. Chapter 2 briefly surveys Rice’s theological background, education, and professional development, and the theological scope of his writings. Chapter 3 presents a descriptive analysis of Rice’s view of God’s exhaustive foreknowledge of the future. Chapter 4 evaluates Rice’s view of exhaustive foreknowledge and divine emotions and how these emotions should be interpreted. This involves a study of נחם (relent, repent, or regret) in selected biblical texts used by Rice as a means to evaluate his conflict with the traditional interpretation. Chapter 5 summarizes the findings and conclusions of the study. Conclusion Rice’s interpretation of God’s emotional regretting, repenting, or changing His mind (נחם) creates an apparent tension between God’s exhaustive definite foreknowledge and human freedom. Rice asks, if God knows the future definitely, why does He seem to be emotionally surprised by free-will decisions? The problem exists because Rice chooses one possible analogical interpretation of biblical statements on God’s emotions, correctly avoiding the univocal and equivocal interpretations of divine emotions. However, Rice denies God’s exhaustive definite foreknowledge of future free choices because he aims to affirm the biblical teaching of human freedom. In contrast, this study proposes that within the spectrum of analogical approaches to נחם, there is another way of understanding exhaustive definite foreknowledge of future free choices that can allow space for human freedom. This alternative, might be a satisfactory biblical response to the apparent tension between divine foreknowledge and human freedom.
The Time Of The Second Coming And The Members Of The Sanhedrin
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Lupu Alina
Published: June 2023

Problems The aspects related to the time of the Second Coming of Jesus were a constant concern of the believers and Bible’s scholars. There are many challenging verses in the Scripture that are talking about the Parousia in temporal terms. This present study was to determine to what extend Jesus’ answer before the Sanhedrin (Matt 26:64) was related to the time of the Parousia and with that generation of his accusers. Method An historical perspective over the process of date setting for the Parousia and over the eschatological theology create the framework for understanding the problem of Parousia’s time. The exegetical study of verse 64 in Matthew 26 answers the question about what Jesus intended to say before the Sanhedrin referring to his Second Coming. Conclusion The study reveals that even if Jesus is using an eschatological language, he is not saying that his return on the clouds of heaven will happen in the members of the Sanhedrin’s generation. The emphasis of Jesus’ sayings is not on the time, but on the fact that the Parousia will happen for sure, and the accusers will see him coming. Therefore, the verse is not talking about a certain time, but about a certain event.
The Abolishment and Fulfillment of the Law in the New Testament: The Try of a Harmonic Reading of the New Testament Teachings Regarding the Law
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Harms David
Published: June 2023

Problem A central issue in the covenant theology is the change in the law between the OT and the NT. Interpretations vary between the widely spread belief that the entire law has been abolished, up to the belief that the Jewish festivals should still be an obligation for each follower of Christ. The result of investigations regarding the changes in the law depends mainly on underlying presuppositions and different hermeneutical approaches. Method This study is based on three basic principles: (a) the acceptance of Christ as the Lawgiver and central Teacher of the law in the OT and the NT; (b) the belief in the inner harmony of the Bible; and (c) the Bible explains itself, moving from simple to complex. These principles are systematically applied on the Biblical books in regard to their approximate time in history. In doing so, the main chapter is divided into three sections. The first section investigates the fulfillment of the law: beginning with Christ’s utterances, followed by His disciples’ approach and finally, by James’s interpretation. The principles drawn from this section form the foundation for the following sections. The second section carefully examines Paul’s understanding of the fulfillment of the law. The third section deals with the fulfillment in Hebrews, which includes a brief connection between the principles of fulfillment and the covenant theology. The most noteworthy scholarly approaches will partially be discussed in the footnotes when fundamental issues in critical passages are addressed. Results Since the ascension of Christ, the fulfillment of law has been discussed. While the apostles’ counsel gained unity in their understanding, the latter church failed to do so. The variety of approaches increased with a growing number of presuppositions and hermeneutical approaches. This study indicates that a major reason for many contradictions is the neglect of the Sola Scriptura principles of inner harmony and interpretation while the consequent application of such reveals a harmonious NT teaching of the law’s fulfillment. Conclusions This study excavated the three basic principles of the law’s fulfillment in the NT: First, the Bible differentiates the eternal law of God from the temporal, Mosaic law. Second, fulfillment is not equal to removal, but an increase of the prior standards. Third, fulfillment encloses a shift from earthly to heavenly, from literal to spiritual.
Preparing For Retirement: An Intervention with the Seventh-day Adventist Pastors in Brazil
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Coelho Paulo
Published: June 2023

Problem The future of retirement is an issue that has attracted the attention of governments and private entities worldwide. The period for retirement requires preparation during active professional life so that the resources or assets accrued and added to the Instituto Naacional do Seguro Social and Instituto Adventista de Jubilação e Assistência can be sufficient to meet the costs of living in the period of retirement. The objective of this work is to awaken the interest in this issue, bring enlightenment and information for those who wish to prepare for retirement and encourage choice a balanced financial position or strengthen the preparation of those who have this advance purpose. Method The method used in this action research was quantitative in the 77 questions selected Ministerial Adventist Church Seventh-day Census - South American Division 2012 prepared by sociologist Dr. Thadeu J. Silva Filho at the request of SAD - South American Division. In the second survey questions applied to the shepherds that make up the Mission Para Amapá (MPA), the same quantitative method was used. The selected data from the first survey provided information that charted an overview of the financial profile of the Adventist pastor and served as the basis for the identification of questions that this work intends to bring clarification. The data from the second survey showed interest, by the pastor, to put in practical financial measures that have been suggested in the seminar "Finance & Balanced Quiet retirement." Results Through action research were identified aspects of unpreparedness for retirement for a share of SAD pastors group such as lack of knowledge in finance and own financial profile, the need for external support and tools that facilitate the changing habits. Through research actions it became clear that supplying these aspects can the auxiliary group of pastors prepare quiet mode and satisfactory for retirement. Conclusion The final results suggest the possibility of improving the financial literacy of the Adventist pastor, assimilating new habits such as participatory planning the family budget, reshaping the way to spend their resources and restructuring the way to save. Through these measures the financial health of the pastoral family is a tangible reality and expectations for the most promising future. Note: Thesis in Portuguese language.
A Study Regarding Organizational Health, Leadership Styles and Practices and Job Satisfaction in the Associacao Central Amazonas of the Seventh-day Adventist Church According to the Perception of the Pastoral Ministry
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Caxeta Sergio
Published: June 2023

Problem Due to the perceived partial insatisfaction on the part of the district pastors and local church leaders in the Associação Central Amazonas (ACeAm) based on the amount of work added to the annual planning and the Organization activities calendar, it was decided to investigate the health organization, the leadership practices and styles, as well as the job satisfaction accrding to the perception of the ACeAm pastoral ministry which may be at the basis of the problem Method The study was conducted among AceAm 59 pastors divided in three leadership categories described as Top Leadership, Management and Work Force according to the criteria of OLA the research instrument which analyses the perception of the researched population according to six key areas of leadership, six levels of organizational health, leadership styles and practices and job satisfaction. Results The study showed that the participants perceived the ACeAm organizational health as Moderate, the leadership style as paternal positive, and the Work Force considered the job satisfaction as good. Conclusion The study lead us to conclude that AceAm has two principal goals to reach: develop servant leadership practices according to the OLA six key areas in order to attain the excellent and optimal level of organizational health and develop the leadership style from paternalist positive towards servant leadership. Regarding job satisfaction, though considered as good, there is room for growth towards very good.
Why Did Daniel and His Friends Refuse the King's Food and Wine Sung Jae Park, Andrews University
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Park Sung Jae
Published: June 2023

Problem The first chapter of Daniel contains a well-known story of Daniel and his three friends' refusal to eat the king's food and wine. To the casual reader, this story may not solicit any probing questions as to the rationale for their decision. However, commentators of the book of Daniel have long been puzzled over this. The purpose of this study is to raise this question and propose a rationale for Daniel and his three friends' refusal of the king's food and wine. Method This study will encompass the entire first chapter of Daniel. Although the entire chapter will be considered, greater attention will be paid to specific verses and words. Verbal links between Daniel 1 and the creation account in Genesis 1 and 2 will be explored. The chiastic structure of the book of Daniel and, in particular, the first chapter, will be studied. A study of the religion of the Mesopotamians will enlighten the background of the place food and drink has in the cult of their belief system. Results The first chapter of the book of Daniel orients the entire book. Studies of the chiastic structure reveals that the center of the first chapter apexes around the 8th verse. The concept of defilement and the resistance of it is shown as the ultimate theme of the book. In the first chapter, scholars have attempted to link the resistance of Daniel and his three friends around three primary points: (1) loyalty to the king, (2) unclean foods, and (3) food offered to the Mesopotamian gods. Faults within each of these arguments limit any of these answers as satisfactory. This study shows that the rationale is found in the creation account. A study of the verbal connection to the creation account, provides the strongest argument. Finally, the theme of the book of Daniel can be seen in the theme of the first chapter. Studies in the Mesopotamian cultic system reveals that a prebend system was in operation at the time of Daniel and his three friends' exile. Studies in this system reveal that all the food, drink and items of everyday comfort were offered to the gods of Mesopotamia. These were then redistributed to the king as his portion. The temple officials and courtiers were also apportioned accordingly. The Mesopotamian belief system is revealed in their religious text or stories. Such stories add to the understanding of the story of the first chapter of Daniel. Conclusion Although previous attempts by commentators of the book of Daniel have tried to find the rationale of Daniel and his three friends’ refusal in the Levitical dietary laws, this study will propose that the ultimate rationale is found in the creation account.
God's Mercy and Justice in the Context of the Cosmic Conflict
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Da Silva Romero
Published: June 2023

Problem When it comes to the right balance concerning God’s character of mercy and justice in relation to His dealings with sin in its different manifestations, a number of theologians, as well as Christians in general, have struggled to harmonize the existence of these two attributes in all God’s actions toward sinners. This difficulty has led many to think of divine mercy and justice as attributes that cannot fit together in what is called the cosmic conflict between good and evil. This, therefore, demands a theological study based on Scripture as a whole to draw solid findings in response to the problems related to God’s character of mercy and justice in the unfolding of this cosmic conflict. Method This research will first provide a survey of how divine mercy and justice have been handled by some theologians and philosophers, in general, throughout Christian history, plus an overview of how the problem of the existence of “evil” in opposition to God has been seen by recent and contemporary theologians. Next, it will bring a presentation of Hebrew and Greek terminologies related to the theme. In addition, an analysis of texts in which God is concomitantly stated as being merciful and just will be employed, also providing a brief presentation of other texts where God is exclusively declared to be either merciful or just. The topic will then be evaluated through major events in the unfolding of the interplay between good and evil as a metanarrative in Scripture. Finally, the ramifications of the research will establish some concepts for theological topics and Christian ethics. Results By way of a systematic approach performed in this study, the biblical witness is coherent, for it points to a reality in which God has, indeed, acted mercifully and justly with His creatures in all circumstances since sin entered into this world, thus giving origin to what is called a cosmic conflict between good and evil. Conclusion Scripture responds to the difficulty in harmonizing divine mercy and justice by showing that in all His actions amid this spiritual warfare, God has revealed these two attributes of His character. They are always present and united as representative of His love in saving humankind.
Synthesis and Screening of Novel Hybrid Benzothiazoles in U-87 MG Glioblastoma Cell Line
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Kyi Priscilla
Published: June 2023

Benzothiazole is a heteroaromatic compound known for its wide range of bioactivities including anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-diabetic, anti-helminthic, and anti-tubercular activities. Research has shown that derivatives of benzothiazole exhibit inhibition of proliferation via apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines, such as liver cancer (Wang, et. al., 2011). In this study, a series of novel hybrid benzothiazole α-cyanostilbene derivatives and styrylbenzothiazole derivatives containing boronic acid and non-boronic acid pharmacophores were synthesized. The anti-cancer and anti-invasive properties of selected benzothiazole α-cyanostilbene derivatives on U-87MG glioblastoma cells were investigated in vitro. U-87MG cells were incubated with synthesized novel hybrid compounds at varying concentration to determine the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of the compounds. All hybrid compounds displayed inhibitory effects on cell growth and the LC50 of the compounds varied depending on the nature of the pharmacophores. Moreover, compounds containing both boronic acid substituent and fluoro substituent exhibit lower LC50 than those that contain only one of the substituents. Cell motility has been investigated and we have found that was were no difference in motility between the treated and untreated cells. Results indicate anti-invasive properties in boronic acid and fluoro substituents at ortho position and boronic acid substituent at para position.
A Narrative Analysis of Genesis 3:1-7 and the Theological Significance of the Serpent
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Gonzalez Milton
Published: June 2023

Problem The Christian tradition of the Fall as it relates to Gen 3 is an interpretive construct that is foreign to the text and its immediate context. While scholars continue to view humanity and its fallen state as the central theme of the narrative, I suggest that such are but second to an even greater narrative—namely, a cosmic conflict between Elohim—the Creator of the heavens and the earth, and the serpent. Method The first chapter of this study considers the traditional view of the temptation narrative (i.e. Gen 3:1-7) as the Fall of Man and suggests that the story of Adam and Eve speak not to the origin of sin and death—i.e. the Fall—but to the debut of the serpent and its shrewdness. The second chapter examines the character introductions of Elohim, Adam and Eve, and the serpent, respectively. The third chapter examines the characterization of the serpent as ע ו ר ם (Gen 3:1a) followed by an understanding of how the narrator prepares his audience for the masterly dialogue between serpent and woman. This dialogue is analyzed in the fourth chapter with an emphasis on the plausibility of an existing thematic pattern of discourse present in each segment of speech. Results The results of this investigation suggest that the central theme of the temptation narrative is not the Fall of Man but that such is only second to the introduction of the serpent and its shrewdness. Conclusion Though Gen 3:1-7 unequivocally speaks of a real temptation and the failure of humanity to resist that temptation; though ancient interpreters were correct in viewing the story of Adam and Eve as the beginning and commencement of humanity’s mortality and human sinfulness; and however theologically significant and relevant these themes are, the Fall is an interpretive construct that remains second—moreover, a consequent—to the greater narrative of a cosmic conflict and nevertheless functions as a byproduct of the serpent’s shrewdness.
The Concept of Truth in the Gospel of John
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Ogon Bastian
Published: June 2023

Problem The term ἀλήθεια, 'truth' is a frequently used term in the Gospel of John. The fundamental question of this paper is to discuss how truth is understood by John and if the Gospel of John conveys a specific concept of truth? Method The first part will briefly consider common philosophical concepts of truth, as well as epistemological issues connected to them. These approaches will be compared with John's truth concept. In the second part the most important passages where ἀλήθεια is used will be carefully analyzed exegetically, in order to understand the concept of ἀλήθεια in Johannine thought. The third part will deal with implications from the previous discussion that are essential to Christianity in general. Results Ἀλήθεια was revealed to John, which is why he testified to it, in order to encourage others to believe. Truth is the basis on which the Trinity is founded and from where it operates from. Conclusions John sees ἀλήθεια as an absolute concept, incompatible with relativism or pluralism. It is deeply Christocentric (John 14:6), but also Trinitarian. This means that it is intellectual and factual, but at the same time deeply personal, relational and active.