bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of RIN3 Gene in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis: a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Meshref Mostafa , Ghaith Hazem S. , Hammad Mohamed Ahmed , Shalaby Mahmoud Mohamed Mohamed , Ayasra Faris , Monib Fatma Ahmed , Attia Mohamed S. , Ebada Mahmoud A. , Elsayed Hanaa , Shalash Ali , Bahbah Eshak I.
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a globally prevalent form of dementia that impacts diverse populations and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and impairments in executive memory. Although the exact mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis remain unclear, it is commonly accepted that the aggregation of misfolded proteins, such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, plays a critical role. Additionally, AD is a multifactorial condition influenced by various genetic factors and can manifest as either early-onset AD (EOAD) or late-onset AD (LOAD), each associated with specific gene variants. One gene of particular interest in both EOAD and LOAD is RIN3, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. This gene plays a multifaceted role in AD pathogenesis. Firstly, upregulation of RIN3 can result in endosomal enlargement and dysfunction, thereby facilitating the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Secondly, RIN3 has been shown to impact the PICLAM pathway, affecting transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier. Lastly, RIN3 has implications for immune-mediated responses, notably through its influence on the PTK2B gene. This review aims to provide a concise overview of AD and delve into the role of the RIN3 gene in its pathogenesis.
Navigating uncertainty: exploring electricity demand dynamics in Swedish industrial sectors amid global shocks and instability
Authors: Wadström Christoffer , Johansson Maria , Uddin Gazi Salah
Published: November 2023

This study aims to provide insights into the factors shaping electricity demand in Swedish industrial sectors using the nonlinear version of the autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL). This approach captures the complex short- and long-run relationships between uncertainty and electric power use in Swedish industrial sectors. The results reveal sector-specific responses to uncertainties and asymmetries in electricity use patterns. By examining the entire industrial sector in Sweden, this approach uncovers underlying issues and hidden patterns, while also providing insights into the functioning and behaviour of industrial systems. The rapid electrification and new green industrialisation initiatives in Sweden, coupled with the integration of a circular economy, underscore the importance of understanding the dynamics of electricity use in the face of uncertain shocks. This knowledge is vital for ensuring, amongst other things, grid stability, mitigating the need for costly peaking capacity, and identifying potential challenges in the interconnection of energy and material circular flows.
Emotionen als Gegenstand von Erziehung
Authors: Budde Jürgen , Hellberg Lotta
Published: November 2023

Ethnographische Beobachtungen zeigen, dass Erziehung oftmals durch Emotionalisierungen seitens der Pädagog_innen geschieht. Anhand theoretischer wie empirischer Reflexionen fragt der Beitrag danach, in welcher Weise Regeln und Normen in pädagogischen Institutionen der Kindheit insbesondere mit Blick auf die Bedeutung von Emotionen prozessiert werden. Argumentiert wird, dass dadurch einer individualisierenden Perspektive Vorschub geleistet wird, die durch den Bezug auf Bindung, Verletzung und Beschämung gekennzeichnet ist und so deprofessionalisierend wirken können. Regeln, so die Beobachtung, werden nicht ausgehandelt, sondern anhand emotionaler Betroffenheiten aufgeführt.
Frailty Among Older Indians: State-Level Factors
Authors: Seligman Benjamin , Agarwal Arunika , Bloom David E.
Published: November 2023

Frailty is a common syndrome affecting older adults. While frailty has well-established relationships with multiple adverse health outcomes and death, the role of the social and economic environment in the development of frailty is less clear. We consider this relationship in India, which has a growing population of older adults whose environments have undergone extensive social and economic changes over the last few decades. We compare the distributions of frailty among older adults across the states of India and explore the influence of both current social and economic indicators and historical indicators at the state level. We find substantial variation in the state-level prevalence of frailty, which remains even after sex stratification and age standardization. We also find significant associations between frailty and current (2018) and historic (1981) state-level socioeconomic variables. We conclude with a discussion of the scientific and policy implications of early-life and contemporaneous social and economic conditions for the frailty of older adults.
Somatization in children and adolescents with headache: the role of attachment to parents
Authors: Renzi Alessia , Lionetti Francesca , Bruni Oliviero , Parisi Pasquale , Galli Federica
Published: November 2023

Primary headache is a common somatic disorder in childhood that significantly affects quality of life. The condition is strongly associated with a variety of internalizing and externalizing disorders, and several dimensions are recognized to play a role in its development and expression, including attachment bonds. The present study aimed at exploring the associations between somatic symptoms, internalizing and externalizing problems, and attachment dimensions in a group of children and adolescents suffering from headache. The predictive effect of internalizing/externalizing problems and attachment dimensions on somatic symptoms was also explored. A sample of 50 children/adolescents with a headache diagnosis (i.e., 36 girls, 14 boys; mean age 13.18 years; SD = 2.85) participated in the study and completed the Children’s Somatization Inventory-24, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale–Revised Child version, and a brief sociodemographic questionnaire. Mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist 6–18. The correlational analysis revealed positive associations between child somatic symptoms and age, internalizing problems, and attachment anxiety and avoidance to the mother and the father, respectively; and a negative association between child somatic symptoms and secure attachment to the father. The regression analysis highlighted the significant effect of ECR-RC Avoidance-Father and CBCL Internalizing Problems in predicting greater somatic symptoms in young headache patients. The present findings highlight avoidant attachment to fathers and internalizing problems as risk factors for greater somatic symptoms in children/adolescents with headache. The results suggest that greater somatic symptoms in this clinical population may represent a learned maladaptive behavior to satisfy attachment needs. Clinical implications are discussed.
A Remark on Oka’s Lemma and a Geometric Property of Pseudoconvex Domains
Authors: Dinew Sławomir , Dinew Żywomir
Published: November 2023

A direct proof of Oka’s lemma on the relation of holomorphic convexity and the properties of the distance to the boundary function is provided. Some related problems for subharmonicity properties of this function are also studied. A new geometric property of pseudoconvex domains is described.
Conceptualizing sustainable participation in the context of German football supporters
Authors: Bauers Sebastian Björn , Adam Sandy , Fuchs Michael , Piotrowski Leon , Hovemann Gregor
Published: November 2023

Institutionalized supporter participation is a traditional part of German professional football clubs. Due to commercialization, some challenging issues have arisen in recent years regarding supporter participation. To develop new approaches for improving participation, the study uses a social sustainability perspective, illustrating that social sustainability elements help to develop and structure the potential for improvement of participation in German professional football. By identifying and discussing links between social sustainability and institutionalized supporter participation, we contribute to the conceptualization of sustainable participation. Our research supports the creation of an inclusive and sustainable fan community where fans can actively participate in decisions and actions that affect their current and future fandom environment. Based on the social sustainability principles of health, influence, competence, impartiality, and meaning-making, we compile the following characteristics of sustainable participation: social well-being oriented participation, direct influence, regular voting rights, representative participation, appealable resolutions, information-based participation, barrier-free participation, democratic voting, established constitutions, and encouraged participation. This conceptualization provides approaches and foundations for future investigations regarding participation research in football and practical implications for member associations, association members, league organizers, and other stakeholders to establish and improve institutionalized participation.
ALOX5AP is a new prognostic indicator in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chen Xin-Yi , Wen Xiang-Mei , Zhao Wei , Chu Ming-Qiang , Gu Yu , Huang Hai-Hui , Yuan Qian , Xu Zi-Jun , Qian Jun , Lin Jiang
Published: November 2023

Background

The overexpression of ALOX5AP has been observed in many types of cancer and has been identified as an oncogene. However, its role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to identify the expression and methylation patterns of ALOX5AP in bone marrow (BM) samples of AML patients, and further explore its clinical significance.

Methods

Eighty-two de novo AML patients and 20 healthy donors were included in the study. Meanwhile, seven public datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included to confirm the alteration of ALOX5AP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine the discriminative capacity of ALOX5AP expression to discriminate AML. The prognostic value of ALOX5AP was identified by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. It was further validated in four independent cohorts (n = 1186). Significantly different genes associated with ALOX5AP expression were subsequently compared by LinkedOmics, and Metascape database.

Results

The level of ALOX5AP expression was significantly increased in bone marrow cells of AML patients compared with healthy donors (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis suggested that ALOX5AP expression might be a potential biomarker to discriminate AML from controls. ALOX5AP overexpression was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) in AML according to the TCGA data (P = 0.006), which was validated by other four independent cohorts. DNA methylation levels of ALOX5AP were significantly lower in AML patients compared to normal samples (P < 0.05), as confirmed in the Diseasemeth database and the independent cohort GSE63409. ALOX5AP level was positively associated with genes with proleukemic effects such as PAX2, HOX family, SOX11, H19, and microRNAs that act as oncogenes in leukemia, such as miR125b, miR-93, miR-494, miR-193b, while anti-leukemia-related genes and tumor suppressor microRNAs such as miR-582, miR-9 family and miR-205 were negatively correlated.

Conclusion

ALOX5AP overexpression, associated with its hypomethylation, predicts poorer prognosis in AML.
Plasma powder transferred arc additive manufacturing of ((Fe, Ni)-Al) intermetallic alloy and resulting properties
Authors: Treutler Kai
Published: November 2023

Intermetallic alloys such as iron aluminides are of increasing interest for high-temperature applications due to their properties. However, their application potential is restricted by their limited machinability with conventional manufacturing methods such as milling. Arc-based additive manufacturing offers an approach to produce these materials to final contour or with very little post-processing. However, the properties of many intermetallic alloys, such as low toughness, require a special manufacturing process. Using a selected iron-nickel-aluminum intermetallic compound as an example, a possible process, including a subsidiary heat treatment, for the arc-based additive manufacturing of materials based on brittle intermetallic materials is presented. This process route could enable the production of structural components. In addition, some basic mechanical properties that can be achieved in a component are shown proportionally. These properties include initial investigations into the wear resistance of this kind of compounds. It is shown that these intermetallic compounds have a superior wear resistance compared to commonly used co-base alloys but have a lower density compared to cobalt-basis alloys.
Envisioning the future: a multi-disciplinary approach to human-centered intelligent environments
Authors: Ystgaard Kaja Fjørtoft , De Moor Katrien
Published: November 2023

Humane or humanity-centered intelligent environments (IE) prioritize human users, communities, and societal needs in the system design, service, and operations. However, designing for a genuinely humanity-centric vision poses potential barriers related to the technical frameworks and methods of IEs. This paper introduces a multi-disciplinary innovation research approach grounded in a participatory ForSTI (i.e., Foresight in Science, Technology, and Innovation) methodology. We apply a Horizon scanning exercise in combination with expert interviews and a lead user workshop to develop a future humanity-centric roadmap for IEs that aligns with a coherent understanding of human and societal needs. Multiple technical visions are explored to foresee how ethics, human control, and agency can be preserved in developing future human-centric IEs. Our findings indicate that the “feasible” future vision is propelled forward by technical enchanted determinism, with weak resistance from the public, citizens, and society. The “possible” vision augments humans and the environment through technical advancement. In contrast, the most “desirable” vision is inclusive of all humanity, also the most vulnerable, and can bring forth meaningful human involvement and influence in the technical configurations of IEs. By carefully considering the potential drivers and barriers ahead, we can re-think how to design for the most desirable future vision in developing IEs.
Bond strength of alkali-activated flyash based masonry system for sustainable construction
Authors: Kumble Pooja , Prashant Shreelaxmi , Achar Nishanth
Published: November 2023

Bond strength is a crucial factor that impacts the performance, structural reliability and stability of masonry constructions. This paper aims to examine the efficacy of various masonry unit and mortar combinations and their bond strength thereby, evaluating their adhesion performance. It experimentally analyzes two masonry unit types paired with two mortar combinations. One is the traditional clay brick and the other is an alkali activated flyash based brick. Alkali activated flyash bricks and mortars use flyash as a sole binder, activated with popular alkalis, thereby reducing carbon footprints compared to cement manufacturing. Two types of mortar used are conventional cement mortar and alkali activated flyash mortar. Bonded prisms were tested to determine the compressive, tensile, shear, and flexural bond strengths. The results revealed significant variations in bond strength across different combinations of masonry units and mortar. Notably, it was observed that alkali-activated bricks bonded with alkali-activated mortar exhibited higher bond strength, compared to conventional cement mortar. These findings provide valuable insights in assessing the compatibility between masonry units and mortar, highlighting the potential of this technology for sustainable construction practices.
Comparative Study of Hydrogen Reduction of Bauxite Residue-Calcium Sintered and Self-Hardened Pellets Followed by Magnetic Separation for Iron Recovery
Authors: Kar Manish Kumar , Hassanzadeh Ahmad , van der Eijk Casper , Safarian Jafar
Published: November 2023

To minimize the carbon footprint in the industrial valourization of bauxite residue, hydrogen was used as a reducing agent. The current study experimentally investigated hydrogen reduction of bauxite residue-CaO sintered and self-hardened pellets at 1000 °C, along with magnetic separation of these reduced pellets for iron recovery. Calcium was introduced to bauxite residue to form leachable calcium aluminate phases with the existing alumina in bauxite residue. This involved the addition of either CaCO3 or a mixture of CaO and CaCO3 while maintaining the fixed Ca content during pelletization. The former underwent sintering at 1150 °C, while the latter was self-hardened through the cementing effect of CaO in exposure to moisture and air. Both types of pellets were reduced in a thermogravimetry furnace at an elevated temperature under similar conditions. The pellets were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and their physical and mechanical properties were measured via standard techniques. During hydrogen reduction, a negligible amount of gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) was formed in the self-hardened pellets, while this phase dominated in the sintered pellets. Alumina in the bauxite residue converted to mayenite phases during reduction in both the pellet types; however, reduced self-hardened pellets had a higher amount of alumina containing mayenite leachable phase. The two pellets showed similar reduction behaviour, while different chemical, physical, and mechanical properties were observed. The magnetic properties of milled reduced pellets were examined through a Davis Tube magnetic separator in a wet environment under a constant magnetic field of 800 G. Higher iron recovery was observed for the self-hardened reduced (41%) pellets than for the sintered pellets (27%).
Insights From the Transition to Competency-Based Medical Education in Neurology Programs
Authors: Li Stanley Xiangyu , Li Cathy Meng Fei , Jenkins Mary E. , Venance Shannon L. , Florendo-Cumbermack Anita
Published: November 2023

Canadian neurology residency programs recently transitioned to Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME). Iterative evaluation is required to optimize CBME implementation. This study aimed to examine the variability and challenges in uptake of CBME in neurology residency programs and identify its benefits and pitfalls. Neurology residents and faculty participated in respective anonymous surveys. Common barriers to uptake were identified from both perspectives. Orientation to CBME was adequate, but workload was increased and contributed to burnout for faculty and residents. It is premature to draw conclusions regarding benefits of CBME. Future research considerations include standardization of entrustment scales and reduction of stakeholder burden.
Health Problems of Increasing Man-Made and Climate-Related Disasters on Forcibly Displaced populations: A Scoping Review on Global Evidence
Authors: Mohammadi Mahan , Jafari Hamid , Etemadi Manal , Dalugoda Yohani , Mohtady Ali Heba , Phung Hai , Ahmadvand Alireza , Dwirahmadi Febi , Barnes Paul , Chu Cordia
Published: November 2023

Forcibly displaced populations are among the most vulnerable groups in disasters. They experience poorer health conditions compared with nondisplaced individuals. However, a clear picture is lacking regarding the overall health problems encountered by disaster-induced mid- to long-term displaced people. This study investigated these disorders prevalence and identified their correlates among long-settled displaced populations worldwide. The current scoping review follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines; a systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL and included original peer-reviewed studies, commentary, reviews, and grey literature published in English between January 1990 to June 2022. In the thematic and content analysis, the authors applied the narrative review approach to identify themes and sub-themes. Forty-eight documents were identified as fully relevant to this study. The largest number of published papers were from Asia, followed by the Middle East, the United States, and Europe. IDPs in developed countries were the most researched populations. Human-made disasters were addressed by 89% of the included studies. The four main thematic categories included were “physical health,” “mental health,” “inadequate facilities,” and “lack of healthy behaviour.” The worsening of noncommunicable diseases had the highest prevalence, followed by communicable diseases. Due to their condition, forcibly displaced migrants face a triple burden of communicable diseases and noncommunicable diseases such as mental health issues. Health-related research and policy need to consider the links among disasters, health problems, and forced migration as a determinant of health in the new era of climate change-driven displacements.
Hegel on Being
Authors: Bordignon Michela
Published: November 2023

With Hegel on Being, Stephen Houlgate presents an impressive philosophical analysis of one of the most obscure, but also most important texts of the whole Western philosophical tradition. Houlgate's book is an in-depth systematic investigation of the entire doctrine of being of Hegel's mature logical system. This work takes up and develops a series of reflections presented in The Opening of Hegel's Logic (2006), which were dedicated to the first two chapters of the section on quality in the Science of Logic, and extends them to the further two sections of the first part of Hegel's mature system. Houlgate's text is thus particularly interesting, especially if one considers that not many Hegel scholars have dealt with the difficulties of the sections dedicated to quantity and measure. This is probably due to the complexity of the dialectic of the categories involved in these sections of the Logic and to the necessity of approaching Hegel's dialogue with the exact and natural sciences of his time. On the interaction of Hegel's philosophy with these scientific contributions, Houlgate offers us particularly significant pages. Suffice to mention the excursus on differential calculus at the end of the section dedicated to quantity, or the analysis of the relevance of Galileo Galilei's and Johannes Kepler's discoveries in the context of the analysis of realized measure.
Notes from a Structural Epistemologist
Authors: Sertler Ezgi
Published: November 2023

In answering my undergraduate students’ questions about what I do, I keep coming back to the term structural epistemology. If some students push me further to not hide behind terms, I tell them: I study structures (social, political, and cultural institutions and arrangements)—not all of them at the same time, obviously—and what they do to our knowledge practices (what we know and how we know). And I give some examples: how refugee regimes know “persecution,” I tell them, matters, particularly for asylum seekers. I also tell them that mine is a kind of structural epistemology guided by structural concerns in women of color feminist theories. This essay is a long way of answering the question: What do I do when I do structural epistemology? I consider this question to be an important one not only as part of an effort to rethink what I take myself to be doing in professional philosophy but also as an effort to characterize commitments and strategies I am influenced by and work with as a structural epistemologist.
The Status of Samaritans in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Damascus
Authors: Atanasova Kameliya , Chalmers Matthew
Published: November 2023

In this article, we explore the status of Samaritans in early modern Ottoman Damascus through a focus on a particular firman—a sultanic legal decree. The firman orders that Samaritans—a religious group that traces its origins to ancient Israel but differs from Jews in several aspects—are not to be employed as clerks by Ottoman authorities. We argue that the firman indicates Ottoman officials engaged in religious status management despite the lack of legal terminology for minority in the document. The significance of the firman regarding conceptualizing status, we suggest, is that it points to an alternative model of minoritization that is not based in modern European legal approaches to religious minority status and law but which accounts for people’s experiences of minority status before modernity.
Development of a drone-based ground-penetrating radar system for efficient and safe 3D and 4D surveying of alpine glaciers
Authors: Ruols Bastien , Baron Ludovic , Irving James
Published: November 2023

Recent research has highlighted the potential for high-resolution, high-density, 3D and 4D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) acquisitions on alpine glaciers. When carried out on foot, such surveys are laborious and time consuming, which limits their application to small domains of limited glaciological interest. Further, crevasses and other hazards make the data acquisition risky. To address these issues, we have developed a drone-based GPR system. The system has a payload weight of 2.2 kg and a data output rate of 14 traces per second. An 80-MHz antenna and a recording time of 2800 ns mean that depths of over 100 m can be reached in temperate ice. Differential GPS positioning assures accurate flight paths. At a speed of 4 m s−1 and height of 5 m above the glacier surface, our system can acquire over 4 line-km of GPR data in 20 min on a single set of drone batteries. After presenting the technical specifications of the system and tests required to optimize its performance, we showcase a recently acquired 3D dataset from the Otemma glacier in Switzerland, where 462 parallel GPR profiles were surveyed at a 1-m line spacing, totaling over 112 line-km of data, in only 4 days.
Griffith or de Valera? The Split of Catalan Nationalism in the Face of the Irish Civil War
Authors: Esculies Joan
Published: November 2023

Catalan nationalism had always supported Ireland in its struggle for autonomy or independence against the British Empire. The outbreak of the Irish Civil War, nevertheless, surprised Catalanism. This article discusses the difficulties of the main Catalanist political parties in that period—the Lliga Regionalista, Acció Catalana, and Estat Català—to explain the Anglo-Irish Treaty in the Catalanist milieu as well as the difficulties of differentiating dominion and federation and adopting a coherent position according to their own ideology and to Catalan internal political dynamics. Focusing on this study case, the objective of the article is to show the difficulties of stateless national movements to explain their own politics and objectives from external models. And, likewise, how the look toward an external nationalism can stop being useful or even raise unexpected questions within the movement that tries to explain itself by simplifying the contexts of others.
On Political Tradition and Ideology: Russian Dimensions of Practical Zionism and Israeli Politics
Authors: Rabkin Yakov , Yadgar Yaacov
Published: November 2023

This article concerns the endurance of political traditions brought to Palestine at the turn of the 20th century from the revolutionary milieu in Imperial Russia. The Russian Empire and its neighbors, which form most of today’s Eastern Europe and large swaths of Central Europe, was the homeland of most early Zionist settlers. They had acquired experience in a range of clandestine political organizations in the Russian Empire. It is this revolutionary experience that constitutes the bedrock of Russian Zionists’ influence on the political culture of the pre-state Palestine and Israel. Later, those who found themselves in Poland after Versailles became familiar with parliamentary rituals, even though the Polish state did not enjoy democracy for long. We suggest that this seemingly distant history continues to manifest itself in the political culture of contemporary Israel. We consider epistemology, tradition, ideology, and political action while looking at Israeli politics through the lens of its Russian roots.
A classification of some thick subcategories in locally noetherian Grothendieck categories
Authors: Wu Kaili , Ma Xinchao
Published: November 2023

Let
$\mathcal{A}$
be a locally noetherian Grothendieck category. We classify all full subcategories of
$\mathcal{A}$
which are thick and closed under taking arbitrary direct sums and injective envelopes by injective spectrum. This result gives a generalization from the commutative noetherian ring to the locally noetherian Grothendieck category.
Local community characteristics and potential conflicts around Asian tapir habitat in Batang Gadis National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Kuswanda Wanda , Hutapea Freddy Jontara , Setyawati Titiek , Purwoko Agus
Published: November 2023

The Asian tapirTapirus indicuspopulation has decreased as a result of habitat destruction and degradation, illegal hunting and negative human–tapir interactions. Although this species is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is a protected species in Indonesia, where it occurs on Sumatra, studies of its ecology and behaviour and of interactions with people remain limited. We investigated the characteristics of local communities around tapir habitat in Batang Gadis National Park and the interactions of people with tapirs, and assessed the potential for future negative interactions. This study took place in March and October 2021 in Sopotinjak and Pagar Gunung villages. We conducted interviews, using questionnaires, amongst local communities that are familiar with tapirs. The communities belong to the Mandailing Tribe, comprising farmers that frequently access the adjacent forest to support their livelihoods. Local people need protein from animals, but they do not hunt the tapir. Negative human–tapir interactions could potentially increase in the future if tapir browsing intensity in community gardens increases and farmers suffer significant economic losses. We encourage Batang Gadis National Park authorities to develop a human–tapir co-existence management system and to protect tapir habitat.
X-ray powder diffraction data for three new compounds obtained as a result of CO2 capture
Authors: Nowakowska Klaudia , Łasocha Wiesław
Published: November 2023

The field of research related to CO2 capture is significant and really attractive for sustainable green chemistry. Focusing attention on this topic in our research led to obtaining new compounds based on diamines. As a result of the syntheses carried out using aqueous solutions of diamines exposed to the slow action of carbon dioxide from the air, three new monocarbamates were obtained. X-ray powder diffraction data for the obtained compounds: 12-propCO2 (C4H10N2O2) [a = 9.3033(7), b = 9.2485(7), c = 7.4735(7) Å, β = 111.214(7)°, V = 599.46 Å3, Z = 4, space group Ia]; 13-propCO2 (C4H10N2O2) [a = 5.0065(10), b = 12.2093(23), c = 4.9006(10) Å, β = 96.457(18)°, V = 297.65 Å3, Z = 2, space group P21]; and 13-dytekCO2 (C6H14N2O2) [a = 28.374(3), c = 5.1726(9) Å, V = 3606.53 Å3, Z = 18, space group $R\bar{3}$] are reported in this paper.
Psychiatric providers’ attitudes toward patients with borderline personality disorder and possible ways to improve them
Authors: Ukwuoma Diane U. , Ajulu Kachikwulu A. , Wang Dongliang , Golovko Sergey , Marks Jarred , Leontieva Luba
Published: November 2023

Objective

Tending to patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a challenging task for clinicians due to stigma and differences in opinion within the psychiatric community. Various symptoms of BPD including affective instability, mood reactivity, and extremes of idealization are associated with challenging emotions toward patients with BPD. This observational research study utilized an adaptation of the 37-question Attitude to Personality Disorder Questionnaire (APDQ) to assess the attitudes of clinicians toward patients with BPD.

Methods

This questionnaire was distributed to 139 clinicians including psychiatry attendings, psychiatry residents, registered nurses, nurse practitioners, social workers, recreation and art therapists, and psychologists who worked with patients diagnosed with BPD on an inpatient unit. Responses of participants were compared based on occupation, gender, and duration of years worked on an inpatient psychiatric unit.

Results

Results show that individuals employed in occupations under the “other health professionals” category had more positive transference (which included feelings of respect toward BPD patients along with feelings of closeness and warmth) toward patients with BPD, and nurses had an increased total score for lack of valid difficulties compared with other health professionals. When grouping by gender and duration of year spent working on an inpatient unit, there were no significant differences in the response toward patients with BPD in affective situations.

Conclusion

Clinical implications are discussed, as well as the need for training to help improve staff attitudes toward this patient population.
Genetic variability assessment of indigenous and exotic saffron germplasm through morpho-agronomic characterization at Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Iqbal Asif Mohd , Lone Ajaz Ahmad , Khan Mudasir H. , Sofi Mehraj uddin , Alie Bashir A. , Hassan Mir Ghulam , Dar Niyaz A. , Khan Azra , Fayaz Uzma , Dar Sher A. , Nehvi Firdos A.
Published: November 2023

The present study analysed a total of 272 saffron (Crocus sativusL.) genotypes using multivariate analysis. We carefully observed and recorded information about the floral, morphological and corm attributes. Significant variations were observed among the genotypes for all the traits, indicating a high level of variability and suggesting a great potential for saffron improvement. The phenotypic variances were found to be greater than the estimated genotypic variances. Descriptive data on various morphological traits revealed significant differences in the frequency of phenotype classes as well as a wide distribution range. The high heritability estimates were observed in average number of daughter corms per plant (ANDCPP), initial weight of corms (IWC g), no. of buds/corm (NBPC), – no. of leaves in main sprout, (NLMS), number of sprouted buds per corm (NSBpC) and total number of leaves (TNL), whereas average weight of daughter corms per plant (AWBCPP), corm diameter (CDcm), pistal length (PL) cm, style length (STYLcm), fresh weight of pistals per plant (FWOPPPmg) and stigma length (STML cm), revealed medium sense of heritability. The traits dry weight of pistals per plants (DWOPPP mg), inner tepal width (ITW cm), leaf length (LLcm), number of flowers per corm (NFpC), outer tepal length (OTLcm), parianth length with tube (PLWT cm) and weight of stigma (WSTG mg) exhibited low broad-sense heritability. Principal component analysis (PCA) divulged that the first eight component characters had an eigenvalue greater than one with a contributory cumulative variance of 66.15% to the total variance, while as rest of the 16 components contributed 33.85% of total variation in a set of 272 genotypes of saffron. The eigenvalues for yield attributing traits for significant PCs ranged from 5.48 (PC1) to 1.03(PC8). The current study has revealed that there was a sufficient variability in a set of saffron germplasm lines which forms the basis for performance-based clonal selection. Moreover, identified elite genotypes based on saffron yield and corm attributes could be used in the saffron breeding programme for the development of saffron varieties.
GWAS of Dizygotic Twinning in an Enlarged Australian Sample of Mothers of DZ Twins
Authors: Gordon Scott D. , Duffy David L. , Whiteman David C. , Olsen Catherine M. , McAloney Kerrie , Adsett Jessica M. , Garden Natalie A. , Cross Simone M. , List-Armitage Susan E. , Brown Joy , Beck Jeffrey J. , Mbarek Hamdi , Medland Sarah E. , Montgomery Grant W. , Martin Nicholas G.
Published: November 2023

Female fertility is a complex trait with age-specific changes in spontaneous dizygotic (DZ) twinning and fertility. To elucidate factors regulating female fertility and infertility, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on mothers of spontaneous DZ twins (MoDZT) versus controls (3273 cases, 24,009 controls). This is a follow-up study to the Australia/New Zealand (ANZ) component of that previously reported (Mbarek et al., 2016), with a sample size almost twice that of the entire discovery sample meta-analysed in the previous article (and five times the ANZ contribution to that), resulting from newly available additional genotyping and representing a significant increase in power. We compare analyses with and without male controls and show unequivocally that it is better to include male controls who have been screened for recent family history, than to use only female controls. Results from the SNP based GWAS identified four genomewide significant signals, including one novel region, ZFPM1 (Zinc Finger Protein, FOG Family Member 1), on chromosome 16. Previous signals near FSHB (Follicle Stimulating Hormone beta subunit) and SMAD3 (SMAD Family Member 3) were also replicated (Mbarek et al., 2016). We also ran the GWAS with a dominance model that identified a further locus ADRB2 on chr 5. These results have been contributed to the International Twinning Genetics Consortium for inclusion in the next GWAS meta-analysis (Mbarek et al., in press).
Titanium particles in peri-implantitis: distribution, pathogenesis and prospects
Authors: Chen Long , Tong Zian , Luo Hongke , Qu Yuan , Gu Xinhua , Si Misi
Published: November 2023

Peri-implantitis is one of the most important biological complications in the field of oral implantology. Identifying the causative factors of peri-implant inflammation and osteolysis is crucial for the disease’s prevention and treatment. The underlying risk factors and detailed pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remain to be elucidated. Titanium-based implants as the most widely used implant inevitably release titanium particles into the surrounding tissue. Notably, the concentration of titanium particles increases significantly at peri-implantitis sites, suggesting titanium particles as a potential risk factor for the condition. Previous studies have indicated that titanium particles can induce peripheral osteolysis and foster the development of aseptic osteoarthritis in orthopedic joint replacement. However, it remains unconfirmed whether this phenomenon also triggers inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues. This review summarizes the distribution of titanium particles around the implant, the potential roles in peri-implantitis and the prevalent prevention strategies, which expects to provide new directions for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implantitis.
High Q-factor reconfigurable microresonators induced in side-coupled optical fibres
Authors: Slavík Radan
Published: November 2023

Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to enable light resonating inside various resonators for long time, leading to high Q factors. Achieving tunability of the free spectral range while maintaining high Q has been, however, challenging.
The power of light and sound: optoacoustic skin imaging for diabetes progression monitoring
Authors: Siegel Amanda P. , Avanaki Kamran
Published: November 2023

Diabetes progression is marked by damage to vascular and neural networks. Raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy holds the potential to measure extent of diabetes progression by analyzing changes in skin vasculature.
Methamphetamine (MA) use and MA-induced psychosis are associated with increasing aberrations in the compensatory immunoregulatory system, interleukin-1α, and CCL5 levels
Authors: Kalayasiri Rasmon , Dadwat Kanokwan , Thika Supaksorn , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Maes Michael
Published: November 2023

There are only a few studies reporting on the immunological profiles of methamphetamine (MA) use, MA dependency, or MA-induced psychosis (MAP). This study measured M1 macrophage, T helper (Th)-1, Th-2, growth factor, and chemokine profiles, as well as the immune inflammatory response system (IRS) and compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS) in peripheral blood samples from patients with MA use (n = 51), MA dependence (n = 47), and MAP (n = 43) in comparison with controls (n = 32). We discovered that persistent MA use had a robust immunosuppressive impact on all immunological profiles. The most reliable biomarker profile of MA use is the combination of substantial CIRS suppression and a rise in selected pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely CCL27 (CTACK), CCL11 (eotaxin), and interleukin (IL)-1α. In addition, MA dependency is associated with increased immunosuppression, as demonstrated by lower stem cell factor levels and higher IL-10 levels. MAP is related to a significant decrease in all immunological profiles, particularly CIRS, and an increase in CCL5 (RANTES), IL-1α, and IL-12p70 signaling. In conclusion, long-term MA use and dependency severely undermine immune homeostasis, whereas MAP may be the consequence of increased IL-1α – CCL5 signaling superimposed on strongly depleted CIRS and Th-1 functions. The widespread immunosuppression established in longstanding MA use may increase the likelihood of infectious and immune illness or exacerbate disorders such as hepatitis and AIDS. Furthermore, elevated levels of CCL5, CCL11, CCL27, IL-1α, and/or IL-12p70 may play a role in the peripheral (atherosclerosis, cutaneous inflammation, immune aberrations, hypospermatogenesis) and central (neuroinflammation, neurotoxic, neurodegenerative, depression, anxiety, and psychosis) side effects of MA use.
A reversible state of hypometabolism in a human cellular model of sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian , Stautner Constantin , Vu Duc Tung , Heinz Alexander , Regensburger Martin , Karayel Ozge , Trümbach Dietrich , Artati Anna , Kaltenhäuser Sabine , Nassef Mohamed Zakaria , Hembach Sina , Steinert Letyfee , Winner Beate , Jürgen Winkler , Jastroch Martin , Luecken Malte D. , Theis Fabian J. , Westmeyer Gil Gregor , Adamski Jerzy , Mann Matthias , Hiller Karsten , Giesert Florian , Vogt Weisenhorn Daniela M. , Wurst Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

Sporadic Parkinson’s Disease (sPD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one contributing factor, but its role at different stages of disease progression is not fully understood. Here, we showed that neural precursor cells and dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from sPD patients exhibited a hypometabolism. Further analysis based on transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics identified the citric acid cycle, specifically the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), as bottleneck in sPD metabolism. A follow-up study of the patients approximately 10 years after initial biopsy demonstrated a correlation between OGDHC activity in our cellular model and the disease progression. In addition, the alterations in cellular metabolism observed in our cellular model were restored by interfering with the enhanced SHH signal transduction in sPD. Thus, inhibiting overactive SHH signaling may have potential as neuroprotective therapy during early stages of sPD.
The social costs of tropical cyclones
Authors: Krichene Hazem , Vogt Thomas , Piontek Franziska , Geiger Tobias , Schötz Christof , Otto Christian
Published: November 2023

Tropical cyclones (TCs) can adversely affect economic development for more than a decade. Yet, these long-term effects are not accounted for in current estimates of the social cost of carbon (SCC), a key metric informing climate policy on the societal costs of greenhouse gas emissions. We here derive temperature-dependent damage functions for 41 TC-affected countries to quantify the country-level SCC induced by the persistent growth effects of damaging TCs. We find that accounting for TC impacts substantially increases the global SCC by more than 20%; median global SCC increases from US$ 173 to US$ 212 per tonne of CO2 under a middle-of-the-road future emission and socioeconomic development scenario. This increase is mainly driven by the strongly TC-affected major greenhouse gas emitting countries India, USA, China, Taiwan, and Japan. This suggests that the benefits of climate policies could currently be substantially underestimated. Adequately accounting for the damages of extreme weather events in policy evaluation may therefore help to prevent a critical lack of climate action.
A synaptic corollary discharge signal suppresses midbrain visual processing during saccade-like locomotion
Authors: Ali Mir Ahsan , Lischka Katharina , Preuss Stephanie J. , Trivedi Chintan A. , Bollmann Johann H.
Published: November 2023

In motor control, the brain not only sends motor commands to the periphery, but also generates concurrent internal signals known as corollary discharge (CD) that influence sensory information processing around the time of movement. CD signals are important for identifying sensory input arising from self-motion and to compensate for it, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings from neurons in the zebrafish optic tectum, we discovered an inhibitory synaptic signal, temporally locked to spontaneous and visually driven locomotion. This motor-related inhibition was appropriately timed to counteract visually driven excitatory input arising from the fish’s own motion, and transiently suppressed tectal spiking activity. High-resolution calcium imaging revealed localized motor-related signals in the tectal neuropil and the upstream torus longitudinalis, suggesting that CD enters the tectum via this pathway. Together, our results show how visual processing is suppressed during self-motion by motor-related phasic inhibition. This may help explain perceptual saccadic suppression observed in many species.
An ultrasmall organic synapse for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Liu Shuzhi , Zeng Jianmin , Wu Zhixin , Hu Han , Xu Ao , Huang Xiaohe , Chen Weilin , Chen Qilai , Yu Zhe , Zhao Yinyu , Wang Rong , Han Tingting , Li Chao , Gao Pingqi , Kim Hyunwoo , Baik Seung Jae , Zhang Ruoyu , Zhang Zhang , Zhou Peng , Liu Gang
Published: November 2023

High‐performance organic neuromorphic devices with miniaturized device size and computing capability are essential elements for developing brain‐inspired humanoid intelligence technique. However, due to the structural inhomogeneity of most organic materials, downscaling of such devices to nanoscale and their high‐density integration into compact matrices with reliable device performance remain challenging at the moment. Herein, based on the design of a semicrystalline polymer PBFCL10 with ordered structure to regulate dense and uniform formation of conductive nanofilaments, we realize an organic synapse with the smallest device dimension of 50 nm and highest integration size of 1 Kb reported thus far. The as‐fabricated PBFCL10 synapses can switch between 32 conductance states linearly with a high cycle‐to‐cycle uniformity of 98.89% and device‐to‐device uniformity of 99.71%, which are the best results of organic devices. A mixed-signal neuromorphic hardware system based on the organic neuromatrix and FPGA controller is implemented to execute spiking‐plasticity‐related algorithm for decision-making tasks.