bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Necrostatin-1 Synergizes the Pan Caspase Inhibitor to Attenuate Lung Injury Induced by Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats
Authors: Wang Liangrong , Chen Baihui , Xiong Xiangqing , Chen Shunli , Jin Lida , Zhu Meizhen
Published: October 2020

Background. Both apoptosis and necroptosis have been recognized to be involved in ischemia reperfusion-induced lung injury. We aimed to compare the efficacies of therapies targeting necroptosis and apoptosis and to determine if there is a synergistic effect between the two therapies in reducing lung ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups: sham (SM) group, ischemia reperfusion (IR) group, necrostatin-1+ischemia reperfusion (NI) group, carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone+ischemia reperfusion (ZI) group, and necrostatin-1+carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone+ischemia reperfusion (NZ) group. The left lung hilum was exposed without being clamped in rats from the SM group, whereas the rats were subjected to lung ischemia reperfusion by clamping the left lung hilum for 1 hour, followed by reperfusion for 3 hours in the IR group. 1 mg/kg necrostatin-1 (Nec-1: a specific necroptosis inhibitor) and 3 mg/kg carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk: a pan caspase inhibitor) were intraperitoneally administrated prior to ischemia in NI and ZI groups, respectively, and the rats received combined administration of Nec-1 and z-VAD-fmk in the NZ group. Upon reperfusion, expressions of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), and caspase-8 were measured, and the flow cytometry analysis was used to assess the cell death patterns in the lung tissue. Moreover, inflammatory marker levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary edema were evaluated. Results. Both Nec-1 and z-VAD-fmk, either alone or in combination, significantly reduced morphological damage, inflammatory markers, and edema in lung tissues following reperfusion, and cotreatment of z-VAD-fmk with Nec-1 produced the optimal effect. The rats treated with Nec-1 had lower levels of inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than those receiving z-VAD-fmk alone (

P
<
0.05

). Interestingly, the z-VAD-fmk administration upregulated RIP1 and RIP3 expressions in the lung tissue from the ZI group compared to those in the IR group (

P
<
0.05

). Reperfusion significantly increased the percentages of necrotic and apoptotic cells in lung tissue single-cell suspension, which could be decreased by Nec-1 and z-VAD-fmk, respectively (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. Nec-1 synergizes the pan caspase inhibitor to attenuate lung ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Our data support the potential use of Nec-1 in lung transplantation-related disorders.
Downregulated Expression of linc-ROR in Gastric Cancer and Its Potential Diagnostic and Prognosis Value
Authors: Yu Xiuchong , Ding Haixiang , Shi Yijiu , Yang Liangwei , Zhou Jiaming , Yan Zhilong , Xiao Bingxiu
Published: October 2020

Background. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the global mortality diseases and has a poor prognosis due to the lack of ideal tumor biomarkers. Numerous studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can affect the occurrence and development of cancer through a variety of signaling pathways. The abnormal expression and specificity of lncRNAs in tumors make them potential biomarkers of cancers. Nevertheless, the diagnostic roles of lncRNAs in GC have been poorly understood. So this study focuses on the clinical diagnostic value of lncRNAs in GC. Materials and Methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate the expression of the linc-ROR (long intergenic noncoding RNA, regulator of reprogramming) in 105 paired GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were established to assess the diagnostic value of linc-ROR. The relationship between expression of linc-ROR and clinicopathological factors of patients with GC was further explored. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of linc-ROR expression. Results. The linc-ROR expression level was significantly decreased in GC tissues compared with its adjacent nontumor tissues (

n
=
105

,

P
<
0.001

). We also discovered that linc-ROR was evidently downregulated in 68.6% (72/105) of GC tissues. The AUC’s value of linc-ROR was up to 0.6495, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.7524 and 0.5143, respectively. Intriguingly, the linc-ROR expression levels were obviously associated with tumor differentiation (

P
=
0.004

). Notably, the overall survival rate of GC patients with high expression of linc-ROR was significantly higher than those with low expression. Conclusion. Our data revealed that linc-ROR has clinical potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis of GC and assessment of its prognosis.
Adaptive Blind Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems Based on PARAFAC
Authors: Yang Ruo-Nan , Zhang Wei-Tao , Lou Shun-Tian
Published: October 2020

In order to track the changing channel in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems, it is prior to estimate channel impulse response adaptively. In this paper, we proposed an adaptive blind channel estimation method based on parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). We used an exponential window to weight the past observations; thus, the cost function can be constructed via a weighted least squares criterion. The minimization of the cost function is equivalent to the decomposition of third-order tensor which consists of the weighted OFDM data symbols. To reduce the computational load, we adopt a recursive singular value decomposition method for tensor decomposition; then, the channel parameters can be estimated adaptively. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm under diverse signalling conditions.
Heuristic Sensing: An Uncertainty Exploration Method in Imperfect Information Games
Authors: Guo Zhenyang , Wang Xuan , Qi Shuhan , Qian Tao , Zhang Jiajia
Published: October 2020

Imperfect information games have served as benchmarks and milestones in fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and game theory for decades. Sensing and exploiting information to effectively describe the game environment is of critical importance for game solving, besides computing or approximating an optimal strategy. Reconnaissance blind chess (RBC), a new variant of chess, is a quintessential game of imperfect information where the player’s actions are definitely unobserved by the opponent. This characteristic of RBC exponentially expands the scale of the information set and extremely invokes uncertainty of the game environment. In this paper, we introduce a novel sense method, Heuristic Search of Uncertainty Control (HSUC), to significantly reduce the uncertainty of real-time information set. The key idea of HSUC is to consider the whole uncertainty of the environment rather than predicting the opponents’ strategy. Furthermore, we realize a practical framework for RBC game that incorporates our HSUC method with Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). In the experiments, HSUC has shown better effectiveness and robustness than comparison opponents in information sensing. It is worth mentioning that our RBC game agent has won the first place in terms of uncertainty management in NeurIPS 2019 RBC tournament.
Analysis and Modeling of Particle Velocities in Premixed Abrasive Water Jets
Authors: Zuo Weiqin , Huang Cheng , Liu Yanwei , Han Hongkai , Hao Fuchang , Zhao Fajun , Huang Fei
Published: October 2020

The premixed abrasive jet possesses a strong strike ability and is widely used in oil and gas exploitation, machining, rust removal, and other fields. The superstrong, forceful impact of the premixed abrasive jet is mainly provided by high-speed abrasive groups. Hence, the abrasive velocity is the basis of this research, by applying the distribution law of abrasive impact force. In this paper, the particle velocity of the premixed abrasive jet is analyzed theoretically, and the corresponding particle velocity model is established. The real-time contrast interpolation method is employed to solve the problem of the variable drag coefficient. Factors such as the nozzle structure, average abrasive diameter, abrasive density, and jet flow are utilized to determine the abrasive velocity of the nozzle outlet. The numerical solution for the abrasive velocity is obtained by dividing the high-pressure pipe and nozzle into several sections, along the axis. Finally, the calculated particle velocity is compared with the particle image velocity measurement (PIV), to verify the correctness of the established model. These results demonstrate that the model calculation is in effective agreement with the experimental results. The deviation between the theoretical value and the experimental mean is 0.18 m/s. The standard deviation of the experimental results is 3.81-4.22 m/s, while the average error is less than 4%.
Experimental Study on Cracking Behavior and Mechanism in Desiccating Soils in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Wei Xin , Gao Chongyang , Yan Dongdong , Liu Ke
Published: October 2020

Drying‐induced cracks are frequently observed in soils, which can severely influence the mechanical parameters of soils in geotechnical engineering applications. In addition, geohazards can also be accelerated with the formation of preferential path in slopes caused by cracks in soils. This study aims to analyze the cracking behaviors and mechanisms of a special soil collected in northwestern China using experimental methods. Local displacements and strains can be obtained and analyzed with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. Combined with DIC method, the tensors maps with total “mechanical” principal strain are drawn. Cracks in mixed opening‐sliding mode are identified and the curling phenomenon of soils is observed in situ. Three typical types of crack patterns are observed, which are “T,” “Y,” and “wave‐ring,” respectively. Crack pattern of “T” is more frequent than the other two types. The identification of cracking behaviors and mechanisms is helpful for the analysis of mechanical properties of soils and the prevention of geohazards in northwestern China.
Effect of a Supervised Peridialytic Exercise Program on Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ammar Yaser A. , Awad Ahmad
Published: October 2020

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) have alarmingly high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Nitric oxide (NO) is the principal endogenous antiatherosclerotic molecule. Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor, was strongly implicated in endothelial dysfunction, premature atherosclerosis, vascular events, and mortality. Regular physical exercise effectively decreased serum ADMA in several patient cohorts, but this potential benefit has not been specifically explored among MHD patients. Forty-four middle-aged ESRD patients treated with thrice-weekly MHD for ≥6 months completed a 6-months regimen of peridialytic lower limb exercise comprising predialytic 10–12 stretching cycles and 20–30 minutes of intradialytic pedaling cycles. Before and after the study, predialytic haemoglobin, serum ADMA, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Dialysis adequacy was assessed by single-pool Kt/V. The average total physical activity (PA) level was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Pvalues <0.05 denoted a statistical significance. The overall level of PA, on both categorical and continuous scales, has significantly increased after application of the exercise program. However, S. ADMA increased from a median of 2375 to 3000 ng/mL (P=0.016). Thirty-one patients sustained an increase in S. ADMA (ADMA_Inc), whereas 13 patients had a declining or stable S. ADMA (ADMA_Dec). Compared with ADMA_Inc, ADMA_Dec patients had significantly higher Kt/V (P=0.02), higher grade of the basal general PA level (P=0.017), and significantly fewer intradialytic hypotension episodes (IDHs) (P=0.019). The increase in the S. ADMA and the poststudy S. ADMA level had statistically significant positive correlations with the number of IDHs (r = 0.401,P=0.007and r = 0.305,P=0.044, respectively). A 6-month program of combined aerobic and resistance peridialytic exercise failed to reduce S. ADMA in most MHD patients studied. A modest S. ADMA decline, however, occurred in patients with higher basal PA levels, higher Kt/V, and less IDHs. A potential exercise benefit may be promoted by a multidisciplinary approach targeting increased PA, improved dialysis efficiency, and prevention of IDHs.
Shape Optimization of the Cross-Section for Noncircular Hypersonic Missile Forebody
Authors: Chen Jingfan , Fan Xiaoqiang , Xiong Bing , Wang Yi
Published: October 2020

In the hypersonic regime, noncircular missiles have attracted significant attention from researchers. The paper first summarizes the development and present situation of the noncircular missiles at home and abroad. Previous research found that the cross-section shape of missiles has a direct influence on the aerodynamics performance. To find the best cross-section shape in terms of lift-drag-ratio, an efficient and robust shape optimization framework is developed. Class/shape function transformation (CST) method and power-law curve are introduced to complete the parametric modeling of the noncircular missile. The evolutionary algorithm has been utilized to improve the optimization efficiency. A combination of script and journal files is written to automate the CAD loft, mesh generation, and CFD simulations process. Finally, the forebody section of a missile body is chosen as an example to deliver the whole optimization steps. The optimization results show that the lift-to-drag ratio increases from 1.8 to 2.4 when the hypersonic missile forebody cruises at the design condition. The results also demonstrate that the optimized configuration has a better aerodynamic performance than the original one over a wide speed range from Mach 2 to 8 and a wide attack of angle range from 0 to 30.
Dynamic Response and Its Frequency Domain Characteristics of Lateritic Soil Subgrade under Traffic Load during Construction
Authors: Bai Wei , Mu Kun , Kong Lingwei , Zhang Wenbo , Yue Xiu
Published: October 2020

Field tests were carried out on the compacted lateritic soil subgrade of Laibin‐Mashan expressway in Guangxi Province to obtain the vertical vibration acceleration and dynamic stress amplitude of each test point under different axle loads and different driving speeds. The distribution law of the dynamic response and its frequency domain characteristics obtained by wavelet analysis emerged. The vibration of the subgrade is clearly aggravated by the increase of speed and load. Specifically, the acceleration of vehicle speed from 20 km/h to 40 km/h has a prominent effect on the vibration of subgrade, and the influence of speed on the vibration of subgrade decreases with subgrade depth. The acceleration has the greatest impact on the vibration energy in the third and fourth frequency bands.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Grewia optiva Leaf Aqueous Extract and Isolated Compounds as Reducing Agent and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Iftikhar Muhammad , Zahoor Muhammad , Naz Sumaira , Nazir Nausheen , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Ullah Riaz , Bari Ahmed , Hanif Muhammad , Mahmood Hafiz Majid
Published: October 2020

In this study, an attempt was made to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Grewia optiva leaf extract and isolated compounds. The bioreductant capacity of Grewia optiva leaf extract for the synthesis of Ag-NPs was assessed using various confirmatory techniques like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size analysis (PSA), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The presence of various bioactive compounds in leaf aqueous extract was confirmed through HPLC analysis, and 8 compounds were identified among the different peaks present in the chromatogram. Biopotencies like antioxidant, antibacterial, and effect on hair growth were determined for extract and NPs. Antioxidant capacities were assessed through standard ABTS and DPPH methods. The antibacterial potential was evaluated in terms of zone of inhibition, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum inhibitory concentration of the Ag-NPs and the leaf extract against selected strains of bacteria, whereas the effect on growth of rabbit hair was studied through topical treatment for a specific period of time. Better antibacterial and DPPH and ABTS free radical inhibition was observed for the formulated Ag-NPs as compared to leaf extract. The previously isolated eight compounds from this plant’s chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were also tested for their bioreductant capacities. Out of them, the highest amount of precipitates was obtained with compound VII ((2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3′,6′,8′-trihydroxyl-4H-chromen-4′-one). The study implies that the biogenically engineered nanoscale particles could have promising biological activities in comparison to parental extract and they need to be investigated further as potential therapeutic agents to be used as antibacterial and antioxidant agents and for hair growth enhancement.
Network Pharmacology‐Based and Clinically Relevant Prediction of the Potential Targets of Chinese Herbs in Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Sun Jing , Liu Jinfeng , Liu Dan , Wu Xiongzhi
Published: October 2020

Reports increasingly suggest that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used to treat ovarian cancer (OvCa) with a good curative effect; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying CHM are still unclear. In this retrospective study, we explored CHM’s molecular targets for the treatment of OvCa based on clinical data and network pharmacology. We used the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analysis to verify the survival rate of 202 patients with CHM‐treated OvCa. The association between CHM and survival time was analyzed by bivariate correlation. A target network of CHM active ingredients against OvCa was established via network pharmacology. Cox regression analysis showed that CHM is an independent favorable prognostic factor. The median survival time was 91 months in the CHM group and 65 months in the non‐CHM group. The survival time of FIGO stage III patients in the two groups was 91 months and 52 months, and the median survival period of FIOG stage IV patients was 60 months and 22 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis demonstrated that 12 herbs were closely associated with prognosis, especially in regard to the long‐term benefits. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the anti‐OvCa activity of these 12 herbs occurs mainly through the regulation of apoptosis‐related protein expression, which promotes OvCa cell apoptosis and inhibits OvCa development. They also regulate the progress of OvCa treatment by promoting or inhibiting protein expression on the p53 signaling pathway and by inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway by directly inhibiting NF‐κB.
El ascenso de China y las disputas estratégicas en los grupos dominantes de los Estados Unidos
Authors: Merino Gabriel Esteban
Published: October 2020

El sistema mundial se encuentra en plena transición histórico-espacial. La crisis de hegemonía se refleja en un conjunto de conflictos en donde los poderes dominantes no logran imponerse, como también en el cambio en las jerarquías del sistema interestatal y en las profundas transformaciones de la economía mundial. Frente a esta situación, surgen distintas respuestas imperiales y se profundiza la polarización entre proyectos políticos estratégicos en Estados Unidos, al calor de una fractura en su “establishment”. En este sentido, en el presente ensayo se examinan aspectos centrales de la geopolítica y de las estrategias en disputa en los Estados Unidos frente al ascenso de China y al declive de su poder relativo. Desde esta perspectiva, se analizan las reconfiguraciones imperiales en marcha a partir del triunfo de Donald Trump, cuando se produce un giro nacionalista-americanista contrario a las fuerzas globalistas. Además, se observan elementos clave del ascenso de China, sus aspectos geopolíticos y sus respuestas frente a las geoestrategias dominantes de Washington. Una de las conclusiones a las que se arriba en la investigación es que el giro nacionalista-americanista puede favorecer el ascenso de China, a la vez que profundiza la crisis del orden mundial.
um olhar latino-americano sob a era Trump
Authors: Streich Ricardo Neves
Published: October 2020

Este texto é uma resenha do livro “Geopolítica y Economía Mundial. El ascenso de China, la era Trump y América Latina” organizado por Gabriel Esteban Merino e Patricio Narodowski e publicado no segundo semestre de 2019 pelo Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales da Universidad de la Plata. A obra em questão busca analisar a partir de uma perspectiva periférica e latino-americana as dinâmicas atuais do capitalismo mundial. A grande disputa característica destas dinâmicas é a emergência político-econômica chinesa, ocorrida no século XXI, e a resposta nacionalista estadunidense, notadamente a vitória eleitoral de Donald Trump em 2016. Para analisar esta candente e complexa questão são mobilizados instrumentais teóricos de diversas áreas do conhecimento, dentre as quais a sociologia, economia, geopolítica e história. Com estas contribuições o livro ambiciona criticar as perspectivas tipicamente liberais e, assim, atualizar a perspectiva estruturalista tão cara à tradição das ciências sociais latino-americanas, especialmente no que diz respeito às categorias de “centro-periferia”, “hegemonia” e “dependência”.
Relaciones entre China y Centroamérica
Authors: López Rogel Juan José
Published: October 2020

En la última década, China ha aumentado sus acercamientos diplomáticos con países centroamericanos, por lo que se presenten realizar una revisión de las relaciones comerciales y diplomáticas entre estos países. Para esto, se presentan datos de las balanzas comerciales de Centroamérica y China, así como un repaso por algunos de los proyectos de cooperación e inversión que se han generado a partir del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas. Se analizan además los posibles impactos de la pandemia mundial del COVID-19 en la región latino y centroamericana. Por un lado, de acuerdo con información de la Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL) (2020), se prevén contracciones significativas en las producciones mundiales y el comercio internacional, así como un aumento de la pobreza, la desigualdad y el desempleo. Por otro lado, se vislumbran más alternativas y potenciales ventajas a partir de las nuevas opciones de recursos que China puede ofrecer a Centroamérica, tanto para inversión como cooperación, lo que puede impactar positivamente en el desarrollo de países como Costa Rica, El Salvador y Panamá.
de la gran crisis a la gran depresión de los 2020’s
Authors: Girón Alicia
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de esta reflexión postkeynesiana es hacer alusión a las causas de la Gran Depresión de los 2020’s y como el impacto del paro económico en China desintegró la continuidad del proceso de acumulación a nivel internacional. Las decisiones económico-políticas entorno al confinamiento de la población que tomó el gobierno de China para enfrentar al COVID-19 disparó las condiciones de fragilidad e incertidumbre prevalecientes a nivel internacional y tomó por sorpresa al resto del mundo. Ante la pandemia declarada y el paro productivo para frenar el contagio del virus, se desplegaron pronósticos mostrando la frágil situación mundial ante la especulación financiera y el endeudamiento tanto de los grandes corporativos no financieros, como del endeudamiento soberano de muchos países. China enfrentará en el mediano plazo moratorias e incumplimientos frente a las inversiones llevadas a cabo en el marco de la Ruta de la Seda particularmente en América Latina. Hoy el mundo sufre una caída abismal y prolongada.
Cooperación e integración económica internacional entre China y Colombia
Authors: Escobar-Espinoza Alvaro Andrés , Romero-Torres Bernardo
Published: October 2020

El documento presenta una discusión de la evolución de la integración económica entre Colombia y China en el siglo XXI desde distintas perspectivas: evolución del comercio exterior con énfasis en las principales exportaciones e importaciones; comportamiento de la inversión extranjera directa (IED), teniendo en consideración los acuerdos de cooperación técnica, económica y cultural bajo el esquema de cooperación internacional Sur-Sur; evidencia de un interés conjunto en avanzar hacia una integración económica profunda que favorezca la libre circulación de bienes y servicios. Además, se analizan los beneficios potenciales de una mayor integración económica entre ambos países, y se confirma que la economía China se considera como un actor relevante en el desarrollo económico de Colombia. Por último, se destacan los principales retos que debe enfrentar Colombia en este escenario de mayor integración y cooperación internacional.
Integração energética na América do Sul
Authors: Fuser Igor , Almeida Ferreira Abrão Rafael
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os principais obstáculos para o avanço do projeto de integração energética regional na América do Sul. Em uma abordagem que destaca a trajetória histórica desse processo, analisam-se os desafios da integração energética por dois prismas: o debate sobre as diferentes concepções de integração, que tem se dividido entre os conceitos de segurança jurídica e de soberania energética, e o impacto das dinâmicas políticas internas e das transformações globais sobre o processo de integração regional. Identifica-se que o discurso da segurança jurídica tem sido utilizado como um meio de deslegitimar a ação estatal soberana sobre os recursos naturais. E, ao mesmo tempo, que as recentes transformações globais e regionais acabam por desestimular projetos energéticos conjuntos entre os países sul-americanos.
neo-humanismo chino
Authors: Staiano Maria Francesca
Published: October 2020

En este artículo proponemos el concepto de neohumanismo chino para interpretar el actual proceso de reformas internas y el posicionamiento internacional de China. Aunque ya habían surgido corrientes similares a esta idea en la historia de China, el análisis se centrará en los aspectos innovadores de la actual trayectoria reformista china. De hecho, se sostiene que los elementos del pensamiento “neo-humanista” en China  han desvelado su influencia en el derecho y las relaciones internacionales. La redacción del nuevo Código Civil de la República Popular China, aprobado en mayo 2020, y la construcción de nuevas teorías y prácticas de las relaciones internacionales, sobretodo la adopción del concepto de “comunidad de destino compartido para la humanidad”, ofrecen muchas ideas para interpretar a través de un pensamiento circular la construcción de un sistema que se erige como un enfoque centrado en las personas (“pueblo-centrismo”), generando un nuevo humanismo. Asimismo, el análisis busca encontrar los elementos del proceso humanista chino en las relaciones internacionales con América Latina.
O Caráter Essencial dos Corpos Homogêneos em Aristóteles
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigo Romão de
Published: October 2020

The present paper aims at examining the characteristics that determine the essential nature of the homogeneous bodies in Aristotle, from an analysis of Meteorology IV.12, which would at the same time establish a certain relationship with other treatises of natural philosophy and also in particular with books VII and VIII of Metaphysics. With this investigation, I will delineate a certain line of argument that goes against a reading perspective considered as traditional, with certain interpretive variants, according to which Aristotle would have adopted the idea of ​​a universal teleology, in the general sense that all natural bodies would be generated for a specific goal, or for a natural purpose. According to a certain view, linked to this perspective, the teleological character of functional type of vital activities, notably expressed by the compositional arrangement of the non-homogeneous parts in the living being's complexion, would be somehow involved in the constitution of the homogeneous bodies considered in themselves and for themselves. In contrast to such a view, I will examine, in a precise way, to what extent the homogeneous bodies would comprise a certain formal factor directly involved in the characterization of their constitutional particularities, taking into account a comparative examination with other kinds of natural compositions, namely, elemental aggregates and living organisms. Thus, through this examination, I will explore the question of whether, in function of this formal factor, such bodies could present some teleological character trait, distinct from the functional type, characteristic of organic-animate constitutions.
Annotazioni su B1,1-3 (B1,4a?) di Parmenide
Authors: Ricci Vittorio
Published: October 2020

The extraordinary overall textual situation of Parmenides’ B1,1-3, due to complex, variegate and polymorphous causes, entailed and still entails diverse sorts of problematic issues so to constitute a true labyrinth of philological, hermeneutical and theoretical instances interwoven each other in almost inextricable way. In this analysis, a first substantial knot of philological type resulted necessary to a preliminary discrimination for making sure the textual reconstruction in order to argue then its most literarily clear and specifiable meaning. In this way it was also possible to make sure its semantic and theoretical relevancies. This research leaded to outline and, hopefully, to demonstrate no textual corruption and following misunderstanding happened before sec. XIII, namely corresponding to the lecture present in the first available manuscript, the so-called cod. N, universally excluded and entirely misevaluated, even discarded; instead it is not only the principle, but the unique reliable codex. The detailed analyse including the autoptic exam is the result of enlightening the absolute goodness of this version and the reasons both philological and hermeneutical comparations, which allow to achieve its complete textual rehabilitation and so to grasp its real conceptual content.
Aristotle’s Methodology for Natural Science in Physics 1-2: a New Interpretation
Authors: Dutmer Evan
Published: October 2020

In this essay I will argue for an interpretation of the remarks of Physics 1.1 that both resolves some of the confusion surrounding the precise nature of methodology described there and shows how those remarks at 184a15-25 serve as important programmatic remarks besides, as they help in the structuring of books 1 and 2 of the Physics. I will argue that “what is clearer and more knowable to us” is what Aristotle goes on to describe in 1.2—namely, that nature exists and that natural things change—his basic starting-point for natural science. This, I shall hope to show, is the kind of “immediate” sense datum which Aristotle thinks must be further analyzed in terms of principles (archai) and then causes (aitia) over the course of Physics books 1 and 2 to lead to knowledge about the natural world.[1] Such an analysis arrives at, as I shall show, a definition (horismos) of nature not initially available from the starting-point just mentioned (i.e., it is in need of further analysis), and which is clearer by nature.[2] It is not my aim here to resolve longstanding debates surrounding Aristotle’s original intent in the ordering and composition of the first two books of the Physics, nor how the Physics is meant to fit into the Aristotelian corpus taken as a coherent whole, but rather to show that the first two books of the Physics, as they stand, fit with the picture of methodology for natural science presented to us in 1.1.

 

[1] An interesting consequence of this, and one which I shall not pursue in this paper at any length, is that the progression from what is clearer to us and what is clearer by nature is by necessity a form of revision: i.e., the Physics should not be seen as a work validating the “starting-point” of 1.2 contra the monists, but a work which gradually builds to the language of matter and form as what is clearer by nature.

[2] Viz., what we find at the beginning of 2.1: “this suggests that nature is a sort of source (arche) and cause (aition) of change and remaining unchanged in that to which it belongs primarily of itself, that is, not by virtue of concurrence” (192b20-22).
The Logic of the Self-Refutation Argument in Dissoi Logoi 4.6
Authors: Molinelli Sebastiano
Published: October 2020

Dissoi Logoi 4.6 presents a beautiful self-refutation argument, which I analyse here, offering a different assessment of its relation to self-contradiction and the Liar paradox from the only one available in the literature.
Los enigmas de Antología griega: presentación y traducción
Authors: Gardella Mariana
Published: October 2020

I offer here a translation into Spanish of the riddles from the fourteenth book of the Greek Anthology. The translation is accompanied by a brief description of the content of this book and the main devices used for the composition of riddles (metaphor, metonymy, ambiguity, antithesis, and personification). At the end, there is a list of the responses to the riddles.
O Problema da Classificação dos Bens na República de Platão
Authors: Menezes Luiz Maurício Bentim da Rocha
Published: October 2020

Plato’s division of goods performed by Glaucon in the Republic involves three kinds of goods: the first kind would be desirable for their own sake; the second, desirable in themselves and in their consequences, and the third kind, only desirable in their consequences. The problem to understand it is thus presented: in which of these kinds is justice observed, and which one provides happiness to men. According to Socrates, justice should be placed on the second kind of good if men want to be happy. However, it is not in this way that the many (polloi) hold justice, for they include it in the third kind. Having this difference under perspective, Glaucon defends this point of view, willing afterwards to listen to Socrates’ refutation of his argument and the defence of justice as being a good desirable in themselves and their consequences. The aim of our work is to present an interpretation that can justly adapt to what Glaucon understands as 'in themselves' and as a 'consequence' of the goods in this division
Quando não se pode mais conviver
Authors: Martins Flavio Dantas
Published: October 2020

Resenha do Livro: MBEMBE, Achille. Políticas da inimizade. Tradução Marta Lança. Lisboa: Antigona, 2017.
“Livres de cor” na Martinica: questões sobre raça, gênero e racismo no Caribe Francês (séculos XVIII – XIX)
Authors: Canelas Letícia Gregório
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as barreiras raciais e discriminatórias impostas aos africanos e afrodescendentes libertos e livres, ao longo do século XVIII no Caribe Francês, a partir de fontes documentais e da historiografia que investiga as experiências dos “livres de cor”, principalmente na Martinica. Ao que tudo indica, a “racialização” da escravidão induziu o recrudescimento das hierarquias raciais, sobre as quais foram erigidas as colônias americanas, e o desenvolvimento do preconceito de cor, que se estabeleceu tanto nas possessões francesas como na metrópole no século XVIII. Ademais, esta análise visa demonstrar como esse processo fomentou a construção de uma imagem “racializada” e depreciativa em relação às mulheres negras do Caribe Francês, sobretudo a partir do discurso frequente acerca da vinculação entre alforria e mestiçagem.
Ecos do aristotelismo na tratadística política hispânica: teorias do direito natural e doutrinas constitucionalistas na época Moderna (1528-1612)
Authors: Williams Rachel Saint
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as implicações da matriz aristotélica-tomista na composição das doutrinas constitucionalistas presentes na tratadística política hispânica. Demonstra-se como algumas teses do direito natural, reelaboradas pelos teólogos e juristas da Segunda Escolástica, foram decisivas para a formulação das estratégias discursivas de limitação do poder régio e de afirmação do primado da lei na organização social, estando, portanto, umbilicalmente associada aos esforços constitucionalistas de ordenação do funcionamento da esfera política.
Novos tempos de política e constituição na história ibero-americana dos séculos XVIII e XIX
Authors: Sobrinho Bruno Santos
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro: FRASQUET, Ivana e GARCÍA MONERRIS, Encarna (ed.). Tiempo de política, tiempo de constitución: la monarquía hispánica entre la revolución y la reacción (1780-1840). Editorial Comares. Granada: 2018.
O avesso da escravização ou liberdades precarizadas: um estudo sobre a condição legal das pessoas escravizadas no Brasil que fugiam em direção à Bolívia (1826-1845)
Authors: Caldeira Newman Di Carlo
Published: October 2020

Por meio da reunião de informações contidas nas correspondências diplomáticas, troca de avisos entre as autoridades brasileiras, orientações dos governantes bolivianos aos seus subordinados e fontes legislativas de ambos os Estados, este artigo se propõe a discutir a precariedade de uma possível forma de alforria, ou, ao menos, as implicações das movimentações internacionais de fuga na condição legal dos indivíduos escravizados após cruzarem as linhas de fronteira da província de Mato Grosso em direção à Bolívia. O exame das múltiplas experiências decorrentes do cruzamento entre o trabalho escravizado e as ideias e práticas de liberdade, presentes no imaginário dos prófugos oriundos do lado brasileiro, demonstrarão a importância da mobilidade espacial para a modificação dos campos de possibilidade dos diversos agentes sociais envolvidos diretamente ou indiretamente nas práticas de fuga. Nos casos analisados, as evasões, travessias e fugas não asseguraram necessariamente a aquisição da liberdade para os envolvidos, mas, sim, espaços de autonomia que muitas vezes levavam os fugitivos a viverem sob um limbo jurídico em função do desrespeito em relação às legislações existentes em ambos os lados da fronteira.
Urbanismo e Educação: ideários modernos nas Engenharias da Nação. Rio de Janeiro, anos iniciais do século XX
Authors: Gomes Clecia Aparecida
Published: October 2020

Este artigo aborda os modos como referenciais do urbanismo e da educação moderna foram mobilizados em projetos/projeções para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro na década de 1920, a partir da análise de produções intelectuais de engenheiros membros-fundadores da Associação Brasileira de Educação (ABE), com atenção às produções de Heitor Lyra da Silva e Everardo Backheuser. Ao dar visibilidade à presença de engenheiros nas discussões educacionais, o presente trabalho revela uma compreensão frente à relevância adquirida pelas ideias educacionais no pensamento e atuação destes profissionais no processo amplo e complexo, cujo objetivo era o de reorganizar a sociedade brasileira. Estas evidências mostram-se indissociáveis das ideias urbanas que fundamentaram transformações (projetuais e/ou efetivas) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, à época capital federal da República.
O Quacre Benjamin Lay e os primórdios do antiescravismo na América do Norte
Authors: Ré Henrique Antonio
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro: REDIKER, Marcus. The fearless Benjamin Lay: the Quaker dwarf who became the first revolutionary abolitionist. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2017, 223p. versão digital epub.
"Recuperando o tempo perdido: o estudo das forças armadas e a política no Brasil"
Authors: Beired José Luis Bendicho
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro: CARVALHO, José Murilo de. Forças Armadas e Política no Brasil. Edição revista e ampliada. São Paulo: Todavia, 2019, 320 pp.
“Se armam os direitos contra aquele que desarma as leis”: formulação discursiva do direito de resistência e circulação de saberes político-jurídicos na conjuntura crítica do pós-Restauração (1640-1668)
Authors: Loureiro Marcello José Gomes
Published: October 2020

Este artigo analisa o contexto do pós-Restauração da monarquia portuguesa para identificar determinadas categorias político-jurídicas que frequentemente se vinculavam à noção de direito de resistência legítima. Além de identificá-las, também procura observar como se processou sua efervescência, circulação, recepção e suas estratégias de manuseio e emprego na produção discursiva, e quiçá sua possível adaptação às conveniências dos espaços ultramarinos.
Classe trabalhadora: a última thule marxiana
Authors: Howes Neto Guilherme
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro: MATTOS, Marcelo Badaró. A classe trabalhadora: de Marx ao nosso tempo. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2019.
"Valer-se da autoridade do trono para obter sua liberdade": fuga e alforria - Bahia e Lisboa, 1761-1804
Authors: Almeida Katia Lorena Novais
Published: October 2020

O artigo analisa as circunstâncias em que escravos e senhores da capitania da Bahia apelaram à autoridade régia em Lisboa e ponderaram sobre escravidão e liberdade nas últimas décadas do século XVIII. Usando como fio condutor processos de escravizados de dois grandes negociantes, procura-se compreender os personagens envolvidos e a complexidade do contexto em que apelaram à rainha durante a vigência do alvará de 19 de setembro de 1761. Essa lei proibia o desembarque de escravos nos portos de Portugal e foi mobilizada tanto para fundamentar a alforria quanto para frear os anseios de liberdade dos cativos que ali desembarcaram com seus senhores ou fugidos. O estudo se baseia em fontes variadas, cujo cruzamento possibilitou aproximar a lente sobre esses conflitos e problematizar o fenômeno da alforria entre senhores de poder e prestígio.
A dissimulada arte de produzir exclusões: as reformas que encolheram o eleitorado brasileiro (1881-1930)
Authors: Souza Felipe Azevedo
Published: October 2020

Durante quase meio século, entre 1881 e 1930, o Brasil registrou seus menores índices de participação eleitoral desde a independência até os dias atuais. O presente artigo evidencia que esses índices não eram consequência apenas das cláusulas constitucionais que excluíam do direito de voto mulheres e analfabetos. Ao longo do período enfocado o parlamento brasileiro atuou como uma barreira de contenção, promulgando reformas eleitorais ordinárias que dificultavam o alistamento de cidadãos que, em teoria, poderiam gozar dos direitos políticos. Essas reformas eram decretadas em momentos de expansão do eleitorado e acabavam por estancar pequenos ciclos de aumento da franquia eleitoral. As dificuldades de acesso aos direitos políticos criadas por meio desses mecanismos atingiram principalmente os mais pobres e os egressos da escravidão, os impactos dessas reformas no corpo do eleitorado serão demonstrados ao longo do texto.
Impact of Frailty on Clinical and Financial Outcomes Following Minor Lower Extremity Amputation: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Sareh Sohail , Ugarte Ramsey , Dobaria Vishal , Hadaya Joseph , Sirody Joseph , McCallum John C. , de Virgilio Christian , Benharash Peyman
Published: October 2020

Frailty has been shown to portend worse outcomes in surgical patients. Our goal was to identify the impact of frailty on outcomes and resource utilization among patients undergoing minor lower extremity amputation in the United States. Using the Nationwide Readmission Database, we identified all adults undergoing a minor amputation between 2010 and 2015, and assessed 90-day outcomes, including readmission, reamputation, mortality, and cumulative hospitalization costs. Frailty was defined by International Classification of Diseases codes consistent with the ten frailty clusters as defined by the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group System. Multivariable regression models were developed for risk adjustment. An estimated 302 798 patients (mean age = 61.8 years) were identified, of which 15.2% were categorized as Frail. Before adjustment, frailty was associated with increased rates of readmission (44% vs. 36%, P < .001) and in-hospital mortality (4% vs. 2%, P < .001). Frailty was also associated with increased cumulative costs of care ($39 417 vs. $27 244, P < .001). After risk adjustment, frailty remained an independent predictor of readmission (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.18, CI 1.14-1.23), in-hospital mortality (AOR 1.48, CI 1.34-1.65), and incremental costs (+$7 646, CI $6927-$8365). Frailty is an independent marker of worse outcomes following minor foot amputation, and may be utilized to direct quality improvement efforts.
Impact of Robotic Surgery on Residency Training for Herniorrhaphy and Cholecystectomy
Authors: Kadakia Nikita , Malek Kirollos , Lee Sarah K. , Lee Eun J. , Burruss Sigrid , Srikureja Daniel , Mukherjee Kaushik , Lum Sharon S.
Published: October 2020

Robotic surgery has increased for common general surgery procedures. This study evaluates how robotic use affects the case distributions of herniorrhaphy and cholecystectomy for general surgery residents according to postgraduate year (PGY). We reviewed Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) biliary or hernia cases logged by surgical residents in the academic year 2017-2018. Operative reports were reviewed to compare approaches (robotic, laparoscopic, and open) by resident role and PGY level. Open cholecystectomies were excluded. Overall, 470 hernia and 657 cholecystectomy cases were logged. Hernia repairs were performed robotically in 15.9%, laparoscopically in 9.5%, and open in 74.7%. Cholecystectomies were performed robotically in 16.4% and laparoscopically in 83.6%. Residents were teaching assistants in 1.8% of hernia repairs and 1.5% of cholecystectomies. Distribution of cases by technique and PGY level was significantly different for both procedures, with chief residents performing the majority of robotic cholecystectomies (52.6%, P < .0001) and hernia repairs (59.7%, P < .0001). Migration of robotic cases to senior resident level and low percentage of teaching assistant roles held by residents suggest exposure to common operations may be delayed during general surgery residency training. Introduction of new technology in surgical training should be carefully reviewed and may benefit from a structured curriculum.
Male Breast Cancer: 13-Year Single Institution Experience
Authors: Srour Marissa K. , Amersi Farin , Mirocha James , Giuliano Armando E. , Chung Alice
Published: October 2020

Due to the low incidence of male breast cancer (BC), there are few studies evaluating outcomes. We evaluated the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of male BC. Male patients with BC from January 2006 to December 2018 were identified. Of 49 patients, mean age was 64 (range 33-94) years. Of the 27 (55.1%) patients who had genetic testing, 9 (33.3%) had a Breast Cancer gene (BRCA) 1 or 2 mutation. The majority of patients had a mastectomy (n = 43/49, 87.8%) and had invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 47/49, 95.9%). 20 patients (n = 20/43, 46.5%) had positive lymph nodes. 41 (n = 41/47, 87.2%) patients had estrogen receptor positive disease. The majority of patients were pathologic stage 2 (n = 21/46, 45.7%), followed by stage 1 (n = 15/46, 32.6%), stage 3 (n = 6/46, 13.0%), and stage 4 (n = 4/46, 8.7%). Eight patients had the 21-gene recurrence score performed. Of patients with stage 1-3 BC, 10 (n = 10/43, 23.3%) patients had recurrence. With median follow-up of 4.1 (range .6-10.6) years, 5-year overall survival was 82.9% and 5-year disease-free survival was 65.9%. In conclusion, our cohort of patients with male BC had a high incidence of BRCA mutations and most commonly had high-grade estrogen positive stage 2 tumors. Breast conserving surgery was utilized in 4% of patients and genomic testing utilized in 55% of patients.