bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Heat Transfer Analysis Through Boson Femtoscopy with Fraction Order Differentiation
Authors: Bary Ghulam , Ahmed Waqar , Sajid Muhammad , Ahmad Riaz , Khan Ilyas
Published: July 2021

Higher order femtoscopy measured to examine the heat exchanger characterization of the fluid debris produced in the collisions and investigated a remarkable suppression in the bosons interferences measurement. The analogous suppression can be analyzed to explore the coherence of boson thermal particle production sources at unprecedented energies. We illustrate the particles emissions from radiated sources with statistical coherence which induce the thermal particles interferences to probe the peculiarity of the heated sources as well as the distinctions about the heat exchangers in the collisions at higher temperature. We perspicacious that the bosons seem to the pertinent aspirant of heat exchanger, and the normalized three particles correlators evaluate the existence of such hybrid phases significantly. The key point of this research is that we analyze the three particles correlations with their normalized correlations by difference equations to determine the characteristics of heat exchanger and its applications. With such distinctive and efficient approach, we observe a significant difference in the correlation functions at higher temperature and momenta regimes.
ATRvD1 Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Injury Induced by Albumin Overload in Sepsis-Surviving Mice
Authors: Silva José Bruno N. F. , Calcia Thayanne B. B. , Silva Cyntia P. , Guilherme Rafael F. , Almeida-Souza Fernando , Calabrese Kátia S. , Caruso-Neves Celso , Neves Josiane S. , Benjamim Claudia F.
Published: July 2021

Current interventions are not effectives in preventing sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and its long-term outcomes or even after second renal insult. Therapeutic strategies using lipid mediators, as aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (ATRvD1), can contribute for resolution of acute and chronic inflammation. In this study, we examined the potential effect of ATRvD1 on long-term kidney dysfunction after severe sepsis. Fifteen days after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), sepsis-surviving BALB/c mice were subjected to a tubulointerstitial injury through intraperitoneal injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 7 days, called subclinical acute kidney injury (subAKI) animal model. ATRvD1 treatment was performed right before BSA injections. On day 22 after CLP, urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPC), histologic parameters, fibrosis, cellular infiltration, apoptosis, inflammatory markers levels, and mRNA expression were determined. ATRvD1 treatment mitigated tubulointerstitial injury by reducing the proteinuria excretion, UPC ratio, glomerular cell number and extracellular matrix deposition. Pro-fibrotic markers, as transforming growth factor β (TGFb), type 3 collagen and metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9 were reduced after ATRvD1 administration. Post-septic mice treated with ATRvD1 were protected from renal apoptosis and recruitment of F4/80+ cells. Interleukin-1b (IL-1b) levels were increased in subAKI animal model, being attenuated by ATRvD1. Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), IL-10 and IL-4 mRNA expression was increased in the kidney of BSA-challenged post-septic mice and it was also reduced after ATRvD1. These results suggest that ATRvD1 protects the kidney against a second insult as BSA-induced tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis by suppressing inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators in renal dysfunction after sepsis.
Persistence of Multiple Paramyxoviruses in a Closed Captive Colony of Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum)
Authors: Gibson Louise , Rebas Maria Puig , Kemp James , Restif Olivier , Suu-Ire Richard D. , Wood James L.N. , Cunningham Andrew Alexander
Published: July 2021

Bats have been identified as the natural hosts of several emerging zoonotic viruses, including paramyxoviruses, such as Hendra and Nipah viruses, that can cause fatal disease in humans. Recently, African fruit bats with populations that roost in or near urban areas have been shown to harbour a great diversity of paramyxoviruses, posing potential spillover risks to public health. Understanding the circulation of these viruses in their reservoir populations is essential to predict and prevent future emerging diseases. Here, we identify a high incidence of multiple paramyxoviruses in urine samples collected from a closed, captive colony of circa. 115 straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum). The sequences detected have high nucleotide identities with those derived from free ranging African fruit bats and form phylogenetic clusters with the Henipavirus genus, Pararubulavirus genus and other unclassified paramyxoviruses. As this colony had been closed for 5 years prior to this study, these results indicate that within-host paramyxoviral persistence underlies the role of bats as reservoirs of these viruses.
PENERBITAN JURNAL ILMIAH VISI PTK-PNF TAHUN 2006-2011
Authors: Septiani Mita
Published: July 2021

Scientific journal is a publication or promotion of scientific investigation in certain field. Journal of VISI PTK-PNF is published to meet the nEed of information on human resources in the nonformal education in Indonesia. The journal has been managed under a joined cooperation between Directorate of PTK-PNF, Ministry of National Education and The School of Education, State University of Jakarta since 2006. This article present and analyses the topics published to give a view of information in each edition. The information in this article is expected to be useful for researchers or potential writers in developing their topics to be published in this journal.
ANALISIS KONSEP DIRI MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PG-PAUD
Authors: Halida Halida
Published: July 2021

The general objective of this study was to obtain information about the concept of self-Student Program Early Childhood Education FKIP UNTAN. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Data collection techniques used are indirect communication techniques by using a questionnaire (questionnaire). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics percentage. Based on the analysis of questionnaires on self-concept of early childhood education students can be described as follows: (1) Be Objective In Yourself, 72.50% obtained results with either category, (2) Respect Yourself, results obtained 65.62% with either category, (3) Not hostile Yourself, 69.37% obtained results with both categories; (4) Rational Thinking, the results obtained 78.12% with very good category. Based on the findings it can be concluded that: (1) Was able to assess themselves objectively, (2) Can respect himself, (3) Did not antagonize the aspects themselves well categorized. This shows that they are always optimistic when facing a failure, and not feeling sorry for themselves or even blame themselves which can result from frustration; (4) Has a way of rational thinking. This shows that they are not susceptible to things that are less accountable.
PROFIL TINGKAT KEBUGARAN ANAK USIA 5-14 TAHUN KOTA ADMINISTRATIF JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Hartono Fajar Vidya
Published: July 2021

Children aged 5 â€“ 14 years Fitness level profile in Jakarta Timur, this research aims to determine the extent to which fitness level children age range 5 till 14 years old in Jakarta Timur. This research using a test and non test techniques with the survey method. A collection for the sample using a proportionate stratified random sampling techniques. As many as 121 children as sample. Tested using a MFT (Multistage Fitness Test) The multi-stage fitness test, also known as the bleep test, beep test, pacer test, Leger-test or 20-m shuttle run test, is a series of stages that have different tasks sometimes used by sports coaches and trainers to estimate an athleteâ€™s VO2 max(maximum oxygen uptake). The pacer test is â€œprogressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance testâ€. The test is especially useful for players of sports such as rugby, football, Australian rules football, Gaelic football, hurling, hockey, netball, handball,tennis, squash, and fitness testing in schools and colleges plus many other sports; employed by many international sporting teams as an accurate test of cardiovascular fitness, one of the more important components of Fitness. The existing data then processed and analyzed with a statistic deskriptif techniques. From measurements made it can be concluded that in general a children fitness level has a high point category, the district who has a high fitness level points in sub-district Makasar with ratio 31.98 points, and a lowest fitness level points located in sub-district Duren Sawit with 22.42 level points ratio. The survey result revealed is physical fitness related to a good activity perform and it will to conduce a better fitness level. Level of fitness predispose a learning achievement and all of activities who nature playing and requires a lot of energy because a children growth aged 5 â€“ 14 years is phase of motor development and when directed with a better programe it will be a good potension in future.
PEREMPUAN MELEK AKSARA, PEREMPUAN BERDAYA (Merintis Keberdayaan Pelajar Melakukan Pemberdayaan Perempuan Bersendikan Kearifan Lokal Sesuai Kurikulum 2013)
Authors: S. Damanik Fritz Hotman
Published: July 2021

The number of illitrate people in Indonesia has reached 6.4 million most of which are female. The problems resulted from desrimnation and marginalization of the females get more complicated due to reading unability prohibiting them to access information to develop their panoramic view of life. One of the Basic Competences of Sociology in Grade XI with the interest of Social Science is the students are able do design, implement, and report of empowering the community on the basis of local wisdem under the globalization influences. This paper discusses how empowering is intended to prepare resources, opportunity, knowledge, and expertice to improve community capacity that they can make their own decision of their future and participate as well as affect community life within the society. This paper is of the opinion, the knowledge and skills to be developed are literate ability based on the local wisdom: wisdom or local knowledge of a community generated from the value of the traditional culture such as sayings, advice, or classic motto embedded in daily life. The local wisdom quite often develops to be indigenous or local knowledge and localgenius.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL BIMBINGAN TEKNIS BERKELANJUTAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI TUTOR PAKET C
Authors: Sutisna Anan
Published: July 2021

This study aims at finding a model of Sustainable Technical Assistance that can improve the Package C tutorsâ€™competence. The alternative model selected to achieve the research objective was by developing a model based on Sustainable Technical Assistance and focusing on the tutorsâ€™ technical ability to perform their instructional tasks. The development of this model was based on the assumption that the previous model was conducted partially, much oriented on cognitive aspect, and conducted in conventional ways, and the content did not fit to the participantsâ€™ needs. The Sustainable Technical Assistance model was developed applying research and development approach. The results showed that the model needs to be tried out to improve the pedagogical competence of Package C tutors at the national standard.
PERAN KOMUNIKASI ANTARPRIBADI DALAM KELUARGA UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Handayani Meni
Published: July 2021

The involvement of family in developing academic competence and social behavior is badly needed. The role of parents particularly mother on the child of under 5 years old is very influential. The parents should keep parenting and educating their child to enable him/her socialize and communicate well. Interpersonal communication between the parents and the child is important to build the childâ€™s character suitable to the parentsâ€™ style. The childâ€™s character is established from the family, particularly how the parents transfer moral value, honesty, and religion to the child through good communication. The parents do not do it just by words but by behavioral modelling. The strategy of seeking information from the parents is achieved by observation and expression of the child. It is important to listen to the childâ€™s expression. Inner character resulted from the childâ€™s cultural background is developed from the family and community. Thus, the child can develop based on the character of his/her cultural roots. Universal education can be conducted in uniform but the culture based on local wisdom should be maintained, such as togetherness in the family, being ashamed of breaking the existing values, and being afraid of doing the wrong things.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL â€œSIKODOKAâ€ BAGI ANAK USIA DINI BERLATAR BELAKANG TUNA GRAHITA
Authors: Oedjoe Mientje Ratoe , Bunga Beatriks Novianti
Published: July 2021

Physical development in some children with intellectual disability could be delayed. This physical delays can trouble their movement skills. Therefore these children need practices that could improve their gross motoric skills. This research aimed to try out Sikodoka game in order to improve gross motor skills in young children with intellectual disability. Method used was class action research conducted in two cycles and four meetings. Research participants were three young children aged seven to nine years old. The research was conducted in August 2016 taking palce in Kelapa Lima Special Needs School, Kupang. Data collection techniques used were observation and test. Gross motor skills indicators were jumping with one foot skill, jumping with both feet, keeping body balance while collecting â€œeraâ€, tossing â€œeraâ€ correctly inside the square, and grasping â€œeraâ€ skillfully. Results showed that there was improvement in gross motor skills with mean improvement from pre-cycle 38% increased 23% to 61% in cycle 1. From cycle 1 to cycle 2 improved again 43% making the condition after cycle 2 was 95%. According to the evaluation, recommendations to teachers are to be sensitive to childrenâ€™s condition that are easy to be divided in their focus, using reward system to attract childrenâ€™s attention, need to compliment more, uses clapping variations to recover childrenâ€™s focus, reducing activities that could trigger loud activities, using simple languages, dividing sentences that are clear and not long, and reprating games because children with intellectual disability are easy to forget.
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL CIM-CIMAN
Authors: Fauzi Fauzi
Published: July 2021

This research aimed in describing and reconstructing the existence of Cim-ciman as traditional child game, and also on founding the substance role of, in developing and constructing the character of child in early age. This research conducted in the district of Banyumas in Central Java and used qualitative research approach. Data collection used participation observation technique which is supported by observation sheet as observation focus standard. The data was analysed through Miles and Huberman model of qualitative analysis technique. The result showed that the game of Cim-ciman can be applied on practicing and stimulating child development in various aspect as holistic and integrative point of view, either motoric physical aspect, language, cognitive, social, emotional, and moral. Besides that, it can be used in growing and forming cultural values and constructing child character, for example, honesty, discipline, creativity, integrity, responsibility, social solidarity, hard work, spirit, achievement appreciation, friendship or communication, peace keeping, and dialogue. In this case, the reconstruction and revitalization of child traditional game (dolanan for child), that are spread in all parts of Indonesia with their cultural uniqueness,are needed, and then to be made as early education menu.
PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN KESETARAAN
Authors: Sutjipto Sutjipto
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to reveal how policy-makers and curriculum developers to design educational curriculum equality. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. The main data were collected by questionnaires and group discussions terpumpun. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, namely the depiction of the data with the pattern description. The study was conducted in November 2015 until June 2016, with a sample of teachers and education staff of three learning centers. The results showed. First, policy makers and developers are still putting that designing and realizing equality education curriculum has not made a top priority, but are waiting for formal education first. Second, policy makers and developers have not presenting concrete policy markers related complexity and context of the fundamental aspects of reality which represents the common interests of citizens of the nation that terejawantahkan in the curriculum as a tool tread life. Third, the design of educational curricula equality has not equip knowledge and competence as a prerequisite to work and also not strong attitudes toward integrity, hard work, discipline, mutual cooperation, independence, nationalism and specialized skills to solve the problem of life. Fourth, equal education curriculum design not describe the instruments to face the problem of dropouts and solve socio-economic problems oriented towards life skills in order to enter the life.
Характеристика эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в Саратовской области
Authors: Иванова Александра , Поспелов Михаил
Published: July 2021

Выполнен эпидемиологический анализ данных официального учета выявленных случаев COVID-19 на территории Саратовской области, предоставленных Управлением Роспотребнадзора по Саратовской области за период с 19 марта по 5 октября 2020 года. Установлено, что эпидемический процесс COVID-19 в Саратовской области характеризуется рядом особенностей. Активная циркуляция вируса среди населения области началась позже, чем в целом по России – в середине апреля 2020 года, так как распространение заболевания было связано не столько с завозом из-за рубежа, сколько с завозом из других регионов РФ и местной передачей инфекции. За весь период наблюдения в Саратовской области отмечалась нестабильная динамика заболеваемости. После отмены определенных ограничительных мероприятий, как правило, отмечался кратковременный рост заболеваемости. На фоне действия большинства ограничительных мероприятий, стабилизация динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в области растянулась на 2 месяца, на территории Саратовской области наблюдался «замерший» ежедневный прирост в пределах от 90 до 100 новых выявленных случаев заболевания в сутки, вероятно связанного с неблагоприятными для распространения возбудителя сезонно-климатическими условиями. В настоящее время на фоне отмены большинства ограничительных мероприятий, в области наблюдается нестабильная динамика заболеваемости с тенденцией роста. Сохранение ограничительных мероприятий и контроль их исполнения позволит значительно снизить темпы распространения COVID-19 в Саратовской области. Эпидемический процесс COVID-19 в области имеет характер проявлений сходный, зарегистрированным в регионах Российской Федерации по половозрастному составу, социальному статусу заболевших и особенностям клинических форм. Высокая доля случаев заражения COVID-19 в области с неустановленным источником (58,1%) по-видимому, связана с заражением от бессимптомных носителей, доля распространения которых в общей структуре заболеваемости по области вероятно недооценена.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭТИОЛОГИИ ВНЕБОЛЬНИЧНЫХ ПНЕВМОНИЙ, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ С COVID-19
Authors: Попова Анна , Ежлова Елена , Демина Юлия , Носков Алексей , Ковалев Евгений , Чемисова Ольга , Твердохлебова Татьяна , Павлович Наталья , Водопьянов Сергей , Цимбалистова Марина , Гаевская Наталья , Воловикова Софья , Стенина Снежана , Гудуева Елена , Сагакянц Маргарита , Алешукина Анна , Слись Сергей
Published: July 2021

Представлены результаты исследования этиологических агентов бактериальной и вирусной природы у пациентов с диагнозом внебольничная пневмония, ассоциированной с COVID-19. В период распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции в Ростовской области основным этиологическим агентом внебольничных пневмоний является новый коронавирус SARS-CoV-2. Особенностью ВП у пациентов с лабораторно подтвержденным COVID-19 является более высокая частота микст-инфекций как вирусной, так и бактериальной этиологии. На фоне выявления у пациентов с ВП РНК SARS-CoV-2 зарегистрированы случаи обнаружения коронавирусов других типов (HKU-1,OC43, HL-63 или 229Е). Наиболее часто этиологическим агентом ВП бактериальной природы у пациентов являлись бактерии рода Streptococcus как у пациентов с ВП, ассоциированной с COVID-19, так и у пациентов с отрицательным результатом на SARS-CoV-2.
ПОПУЛЯЦИОННЫЙ ИММУНИТЕТ К ВИРУСУ SARS-CоV-2 У ЖИТЕЛЕЙ ИРКУТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ДИНАМИКЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА
Authors: Балахонов Сергей , Дубровина Валентина , Чеснокова Маргарита , Брюхова Дарья , Киселева Наталья , Пятидесятникова Анна , Корытов Константин , Войткова Валентина , Пережогин Алексей , Гаврилова Татьяна , Селедцов Александр
Published: July 2021

Актуальность. В настоящее время пандемия COVID-19 в мире и России остается главным событием. В связи с этим изучение проявлений эпидемического процесса новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 и закономерностей ее развития является актуальным направлением исследований. В борьбе с этим вирусным заболеванием важная роль отводится изучению развития популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2, которое позволит провести оценку динамики серопревалентности и процесса формирования постинфекционного гуморального иммунитета, прогноза развития эпидемиологической ситуации, выяснение особенностей эпидемического процесса, а также будет способствовать планированию мероприятий по специфической и неспецифической профилактике заболевания.

Цель исследования – определение динамики популяционного иммунитета к SARS-CoV-2 среди населения Иркутской области в период пандемии COVID-19.

Материалы и методы. В рамках проекта Роспотребнадзора по оценке популяционного иммунитета к SARS-CoV-2 у населения Российской Федерации проведены исследования среди населения Иркутской области в периоды с 23.06.2020 по 19.07.2020 г. (1 этап), с 16.09.2020 по 25.09.2020 г. (2 этап), с 7.12.2020 по 18.12.2020 г. (3 этап) и с 08.03.2021 по 14.03.2021 г. (4 этап) с учетом протокола, рекомендованного ВОЗ. Содержание антител к SARS-CoV-2 определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа с использованием набора реагентов для анализа сыворотки или плазмы крови человека на наличие специфических иммуноглобулинов класса G к белкам вируса SARS-CoV-2.

Результаты. Показано, что в период эпидемического подъема заболеваемости COVID-19 сформировался невысокий уровень серопревалентности (1 этап – 5,8±0,5%; 2 этап – 12,1±0,7%), а в условиях длительного максимального роста заболеваемости – 25,9±1,0% (3 этап) и на начало периода вакцинации – 46,2±1,2% (4 этап). Значительная доля бессимптомных форм инфекции на первых двух этапах исследования (1 этап – 82,2±3,2%, 2 этап – 86,1±2,3%) характеризует высокую интенсивность скрыто развивающегося эпидемического процесса. Высокий уровень IgG у перенесших COVID-19 сохранялся в среднем от 3 до 5 месяцев.

Заключение. Результаты оценки популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 у населения Иркутской области свидетельствуют о том, что уровень серопревалентности на 4 этапе исследования составил 46,2%. После перенесенного заболевания в среднем у 49,5% лиц, антитела не выявлены. Полученные результаты следует учитывать при организации профилактических мероприятий, включая вакцинацию, и прогнозирование заболеваемости.
Economic and social factors affecting the epidemiological process of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus
Authors: Ponomarenko Sophia
Published: July 2021

Summary

Aim. Analyze the impact of several economic and social factors on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, comparing the latest statistics in large and representative samples. Assess the factors inhibiting the negative consequences of the infectious process of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Materials and methods. To create this review, the required academic and media publications also statistical data were found on the Internet for the selected keywords, both for a single tag and in various combinations of them. Population statistics have been created on the base of data available on the Internet.

Results and discussion. The relationship between economic or social factors and the impacts of the 15-month COVID-19 pandemic in different regions was investigated using a variety of available statistics for five continents and 53 countries. A positive relationship was found between the consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and GDP per capita or the type of human diet with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.48-0.87. The development of the viral epidemic demonstrates a less clear correlation on population density from r = -0.68 to r = -0.16, depending on the selected group of countries. For island nations, geographic isolation was the dominant defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions. An analytical and quantitative study of economic or social aspects and numerous statistics on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, carried out on large representative samples, showed that, the productive infection and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, critically increase with an excessive amount of consumed proteins and fats. To successfully control of the progression COVID-19 disease, the WHO guidelines for the amount of macronutrients consumed should be followed. This cost-effective approach will reduce health care expenditures in all countries during the epidemic.
Design and development EduPocket A+
Authors: Akmar Norfaridatul , Nadhirah Nur Yasmin , Tasneem Ainul , Sabrina Iman , Nasuha Fitrah
Published: July 2021

The objective of  Science, Technology, and Engineering Mathematics (STEM), is not only focused on scientific knowledge and concepts but 21st century skills such as collaborative skills, communication, critical thinking, creativity and computational thinking should be emphasized in science learning. This concept paper discusses how to develop the EduPocket A+ and this application features easy-to-grasp notes and animations to present the Physics syllabus in a simple manner. EduPocket A+ is an (Android APK) application where individuals are able to access notes) through interactive means as well as prep individuals to answer essay questions for the SPM Physics Paper 2. A review of the literature shows that educational games can improve student academic achievement. In addition, this learning approaches provide a fun learning environment, increasing active engagement students in learning, and increase students ’interest and motivation in STEM education. However, studies on game-based learning involving students as educational games designers or inventors are still lacking in Malaysia, especially at the secondary school. Furthermore, relatively little research has focused on the development of Edu-PocketA+  as effectiveness of educational games mastery of 21st century skills in STEM. Therefore, this concept paper discusses the development of EduPocketA+ that involving students in making games in learning, facilitating strategies in physics learning concepts and improve 21st century skills among students.
Prospective physics teacher’s ability in developing HOTS questions: CRI analysis
Authors: Ain Nurul
Published: July 2021

Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are very important skills to be taught to students in the 21st century. The role of teachers is very important in improving students' high-level skills. This study aims to determine whether or not prospective physics teachers have misconceptions in compiling HOTS cognitive questions. The emergence of miscon-ceptions shows that the ability of prospective physics teachers is still low in composing HOTS cognitive questions. The research subjects were all final semester prospective physics teachers who took the learning evaluation course at the Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang in the even semester of 2019/2020. The data collection technique is documentation. The data is taken from the final project document in the learning evaluation course, where prospective physics teachers are asked to make cognitive ques-tions from levels C1 to C6 and are asked to state their beliefs about the questions they have made. The data were analyzed in the descriptive qualitative way to determine the misconceptions of prospective physics teachers. The results showed that prospective physics teachers were not yet able to compile HOTS cognitive questions. Recommenda-tions for the preparation of HOTS questions are also given in this paper.
Machine learning analyses of remote sensing measurements establish strong relationships between vegetation and snow depth in the boreal forest of Interior Alaska
Authors: Douglas Thomas , Zhang Caiyun
Published: July 2021

The seasonal snowpack plays a critical role in Arctic and boreal hydrologic and ecologic processes. Though snow depth can be different from one season to another there are repeated relationships between ecotype and snowpack depth. Alterations to the seasonal snowpack, which plays a critical role in regulating wintertime soil thermal conditions, have major ramifications for near-surface permafrost. Therefore, relationships between vegetation and snowpack depth are critical for identifying how present and projected future changes in winter season processes or land cover will affect permafrost. Vegetation and snow cover areal extent can be assessed rapidly over large spatial scales with remote sensing methods, however, measuring snow depth remotely has proven difficult. This makes snow depth–vegetation relationships a potential means of assessing snowpack characteristics. In this study, we combined airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data with machine learning methods to characterize relationships between ecotype and the end of winter snowpack depth. Our results show hyperspectral measurements account for two thirds or more of the variance in the relationship between ecotype and snow depth. An ensemble analysis of model outputs using hyperspectral and LiDAR measurements yields the strongest relationships between ecotype and snow depth. Our results can be applied across the boreal biome to model the coupling effects between vegetation and snowpack depth.
Convective Heat Exchange of Single-Row Bundles from Tubes with Rolled Aluminum Fins of Various Height at a Low Values of the Reynolds Number
Authors: Sukhotski A. B. , Danil’chik Е. S.
Published: July 2021

The experimental study of the heat flow intensity of a single-row horizontal air-cooled tubular bundle of heat exchanger with spiral aluminum rolling fins at low Reynolds numbers (Re < 2000) is performed. The geometrical dimensions of the bimetallic finned tubes of the bundle, the following: the outer diameter of the fins d = 56.0 mm; the diameter of the tube at the base d0 = 26.8 mm; fin height h = 14.6 mm; pitch of fins s = 2.5 mm; the average fin thickness Δ = 0.5 mm; the coefficient of finned tubes φ = 19.3; heat transfer length l = 300 mm. The outer diameter of the load-bearing steel tube dн  = 25 mm; wall thickness d = 2 mm. The research was carried out by the method of full thermal modeling at a specially designed experimental stand with electric heating of tubes and an exhaust shaft installed above the bundle. The air flow rate through the bundle was regulated by changing the height and cross-sectional area of the exhaust shaft. Calibration experiments were carried out and confirmed the reliability of the data obtained. Then the fins were sanded so to form new types of tubes, which were arranged in a single-row six-tube bundle with a constant relative cross-step σ1 = S1/d = 1.14 = const, and the thermal studies were repeated. As a result, a generalized criterion equation for heat transfer of a finned horizontal single-row bundle at small Reynolds numbers for various heights of the tube finning h = 0-14.6 mm was obtained. The effective height of the tube finning (h = 8 mm) for a single-row horizontal bundle was determined by dimensional and metal-intensive criteria.
Co-Combustion of Tire Pyrolysis Products and Wood Pellets
Authors: Grytsenko A. V. , Vnykova N. V. , Pozdnyakova O. I.
Published: July 2021

Thermal power plants remain one of the main sources of environmental pollution. The deterioration of the quality of traditional carbon-containing energy resources leads to the need to develop technologies for co-combustion of biofuel and coal at small and large power plants. The paper proposes the concept of using solid waste from tire recycling by adding to the composition of the mixed fuel “coal – wood waste” as a substitute for coal slag, which is formed during the utilization of worn-out tires by pyrolysis. The aim of the work was to determine the possibility of increasing the calorific value of wood pellets by co-firing with pyrolysis slag instead of coal without increasing the burden on the environment. At the same time, the following tasks have been set: to determine the lowest combustion heat of mixed fuels and assess its change when replacing coal with slag; to determine moisture content, total sulfur content, volatile matter yield, ash content of mixed fuels according to standard methods; to assess the change in these parameters when replacing coal with slag at the same component ratios; to determine the optimal ratios of components in mixed fuels, which will not increase the burden on the environment when replacing coal with pyrolysis slag. It has been determined that replacing coal with slag results in an increase in calorific value by 37–45 %, a decrease in ash content by 37–42 %, and an increase in the yield of volatile substances. At the same time, the sulfur content increases by 5.6–18 %. The use of traditional cleaning equipment is recommended in order to reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide. The research results make it possible to substantiate the possibility of replacing coal with slag in mixed fuels at certain ratios of components. A new direction of using solid products from recycling of rubber products, i.e. worn-out tires, has been proposed by the pyrolysis method in mixed fuels “slag-wood pellets” for small and medium-sized power plants.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МОДЕЛИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО КЛАСТЕРА ДЛЯ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ ВО ВЬЕТНАМЕ
Authors: ТУЕТ НГО
Published: July 2021

Для решения задач, связанных с переходом на экологически чистые, надежные, безопасные и конкурентоспособные энергоресурсы, необходимо развитие экологически чистых энергетических технологий. В достижении этой цели важную роль могут сыграть возобновляемые источники энергии (ВИЭ) и технологии их использования (ТВИЭ). Многие страны успешно стимулируют использование ВИЭ в структуре энергоснабжения со стимулирующими стратегиями и политиками для развития ВИЭ. Кластерная модель энергии была успешной во многих странах мира, таких как США, Австралия, Дания, Германия, Россия. В зависимости от социально-экономических характеристик и потенциала источника энергии каждая страна имеет особую политику для развития кластера. На сегодняшний день во Вьетнаме не исследуется формирование кластера в энергетической отрасли. В этой статье автором проведены независимые исследования и разработана методика научных исследований о формировании энергетического кластера Вьетнама, а именно, региональный кластер ВИЭ.
Experience Using Electrochemical Noise for Testing Green Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Mills Douglas J , Zatland Joshua , Everitt Nicola M
Published: July 2021

‘Green’ corrosion inhibitors derived from plant materials provide environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional corrosion inhibitors. They are also much cheaper if using a biomass waste stream or abundant plant material as the source material. There are many examples in literature of different trials, from henna leaves to celery seeds to banana peel. Although it is known that extracts contain electron-rich polar atoms such as N, O, S and P which make them potentially effective inhibitors, it is difficult to predict on a molecular basis what will work well and what will not, since many interacting factors may be at play in complementary interactions. To assist in predicting the inhibition efficiency of inhibitors under varying conditions and choosing the most effective, what is needed is a short-term test which will obviate the need for tedious weight loss experiments. The Electrochemical Noise Method (ENM) uses the natural fluctuations which arise during electrochemical activity to gain information about the corrosion process. Using ENM is quick and non-intrusive method which makes it ideal for screening. Hence a rig has been designed and manufactured which allows for measurement to be made in stirred as well as static conditions and minimises the occurrence of crevice corrosion at the electrodes. Crevice corrosion is a hazard for ENM electrodes when trying to make a comparison with corrosion inhibition calculated using the standard weight loss measurement after immersion (WLM) method. For these preliminary trials we are exploring corrosion of mild steel in HCl in both stirred and unstirred conditions at room temperature. Results are presented comparing ENM measurements with conventional WLM for both Propargyl Alcohol (a conventional industrial corrosion inhibitor) and broccoli extract. Our results suggest that stirring does not make any difference to the noise measured in ENM. The amount of material lost calculated by ENM and WLM (Rn and weight loss values) can be directly compared and show close comparison.

It seems likely that as a way of assessing inhibitors quickly (which is particularly important in the testing of "green" inhibitors) that this ENM approach has a lot to offer.
In Our Own Words: Perspectives from local actors in the Horn, East, and Central Africa
Authors: Deng Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

Oxfam is committed to supporting the participation of local actors in humanitarian and development responses. This includes ensuring their opinions and perspectives about priorities, needs, and appropriate ways of addressing issues are part of public debate. Oxfam advocates for their presence and participation in coordination meetings and other spaces for decision-making. We also provide support to local actors to write and publish their opinions and perspectives. This paper is a compilation of eight opinion pieces written by local actors in the Horn, East, and Central Africa region, with editing and publishing support from Oxfam. The pieces were originally published by Devex, Citizen Digital, Media Congo, IPS News, African Arguments, Nile Post, and WeInformers.
The Impact of Village Savings and Loan Associations on the Lives of Rural Women: Pro Resilience Action (PROACT) project, Nigeria
Authors: Oyerinde Funmi , Bwalami Naphtali
Published: July 2021

The PROACT project uses Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) to enable rural financial inclusion. The VSLA approach is targeted at combating increased poverty and improving the resilience of poor rural farming households in Kebbi and Adamawa States, Nigeria. The three case studies presented here reflect the new, transformative realities of increased income, access to loans, safe spaces for women, improved rural enterprise and the empowerment of women engaged in the VSLAs.
An African Response to COVID-19: From principled first response to just recovery
Authors: Ray Deepayan Basu
Published: July 2021

In November 2020 Oxfam and SOAS facilitated an online high-level event to bring together African and international policy and public-health professionals to discuss their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, and offer insights into strategies and policies they have enacted in their respective contexts. Speakers tackled a wide range of issues, including government strategies and policies implemented, public health messaging and community engagement, varying threads of intersectionality and an honest discussion about gaps and additional support. This ‘outcomes’ paper draws out the key themes, trends and recommendations emerging from the discussions to inform a people-not-profit-centric Covid response.
Derecho a Vivir Sin Bloqueo: Impactos de las sanciones de Estados Unidos en la población cubana y la vida de las mujeres
Authors: Domínguez Mederos Ernesto Fidel , Gorry Conner
Published: July 2021

Derecho a vivir sin bloqueo… revela impactos en la población cubana de casi seis décadas de sanciones puestas en vigor por sucesivos Gobiernos estadounidenses. Se centra sobre todo en la dimensión humana del diferendo, por lo que recoge testimonios sobre el significado del bloqueo en la cotidianidad de quienes viven en Cuba, fundamentalmente de mujeres, pero se incluyen también datos históricos e información sobre las políticas aplicadas. Con una crisis sanitaria global, es más urgente un cambio de esa política estadounidense hacia Cuba, por lo que Oxfam llama a normalizar las relaciones entre ambos países.
Going Digital – Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI): Lessons learned from a pilot study
Authors: Harris Melissa , Pretari Alexia
Published: July 2021

In this sixth instalment of the Going Digital Series, we share our experiences of using computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) software, which was researched and piloted following the outbreak of COVID-19 and the subsequent need for improved remote data collection practices. CATI is a survey technique in which interviews are conducted via a phone call, using an electronic device to follow a survey script and enter the information collected. This paper looks at the experience of piloting the technique in phone interviews with women in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq.
Transforming the Systems that Contribute to Fragility and Humanitarian Crises: Programming across the triple nexus
Authors: Infante Vittorio
Published: July 2021

Conflicts and shocks linked to climate change are more frequent and intense, leading to poverty and inequality, exacerbating these phenomena and people’s vulnerability. In this context, humanitarian relief, development programmes and peacebuilding are not serial processes; they are all needed at the same time to tackle the systemic inequalities that trap people in poverty and expose them to risk. The triple nexus, or programming across humanitarian-development-peace pillars, thus means creating synergies and common goals across short-term emergency response programmes and longer-term social change processes in development, as well as enhancing opportunities for peace so that individuals can enjoy the full spectrum of human rights. This briefing paper aims to identify the tensions and dilemmas that Oxfam faces when programming across the nexus and sets out new policy to address these dilemmas, building upon Oxfam’s 2019 discussion paper on the triple nexus.
Maternal and Infant Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Jingyun , Wang Yun , He Mei-yao , Li Yi-xiao , Cheng Xin , Yang Xuesong , Li Rui-man , Wang Guang
Published: July 2021

In late December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a great threat to people’s lives worldwide. As a special category of the population, pregnant women are vulnerable during emergencies. This study was designed to explore whether or not the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced maternal and infant outcomes. We collected maternal characteristics, laboratory results, condition in the third trimester, maternal outcome, fetal or neonatal outcomes, and characteristics of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta from pregnant women and fetals or newborns in the first affiliated hospital of Jinan university from 24 January to 31 March 2020 (peak period), chose the same types of data at the hospital during the same period in 2019 and 1 January − 23 January 2020 (prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020) as a control. Our study focused on uncomplicated singleton pregnancies among women not infected by COVID-19. The results demonstrated that there was not an increase in adverse outcomes of pregnant women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic; This might be associated with the updated design of major epidemic prevention and control systems in Guangzhou, and the extension of pregnant women’s rest time during the third trimester of pregnancy. Nevertheless, the survey showed an increased incidence rate of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and zinc deficiency in newborns during the epidemic, implying that pregnant women should participate in appropriate physical exercise, increase their exposure to outdoor sunlight and improve nutrition intake to ensure healthy newborns during the quarantine period. Our study has provided some guidance for maternal management during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparison of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Five Heat Treated NiTi Rotary Systems in Single and Double Curved Canals.
Authors: Al-Obaida Mohammad , Merdad Khalid , Alkhamis Ali , Mohammed Muneer Khan , Al-Obaida Rahaf , Al-Madi Ebtissam
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) and separation patterns during rotating movement of five heat-treated nickel titanium files in both single and double-curved canals. MethodsCFR was compared between five groups of 24 files each: HyFlex® EDM, HyFlex™ CM, Vortex Blue®, Protaper Next®, and One Curve, by determining the time needed to fracture (TTF) and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) in a cyclic fatigue testing device with a single 5-mm radius of curvature (ROC) and 60° angle, and a double curvature; coronal curvature (5 mm ROC and 60° angle) and apical curvature (2 mm ROC and 70° angle). The separation pattern was evaluated, and file fragment separated length were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc were used to compare statistical differences between the groups. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the fracture sites. Results HyFlex™ CM files displayed significantly higher CFR, followed by HyFlex® EDM and Vortex Blue® in single curvature canals, and Protaper Next® (PTN) in the double curvature canals, as observed by TFF and NCF. PTN group had the highest tendency for files to extrude apically after separation in both curvatures. ConclusionHyFlex™ CM instruments have superior resistance to cyclic flexural fatigue within single canals with single and double curvatures, followed by HyFlex® EDM and Vortex Blue® instruments. Protaper Next® files followed by One Curve had the highest tendency to extrude apically after separationClinical relevanceHyFlex™ CM instruments showed the highest safety in preparing canals with single or double curvatures, considering CFR.
Improvement of Power Consumption in Wireless Body Area Networks by PCM Sampling ​
Authors: Khani Mohammad javad , Shirmohammadi Zahra
Published: July 2021

Due to the aging population and the growing need for hospitals and care for the elderly and limited hospital resources, the need for a mechanism that can handle the limited hospital resources is felt more than ever. Wireless Body Area networks are one of the technologies that monitor people's health remotely, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization and thus managing resource constraints. Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) face with energy limitations. The battery in WBANs has limited energy. However, it is not possible to replace or charge batteries in many of these networks. Therefore, it is needed to save energy and extend network life. One of the important methods that have been proposed for this purpose is sampling rate management-based methods. In this paper due to the efficiency of the sampling rate management, an efficient sampling rate method has been proposed. For this purpose to minimize unnecessary data transmission, Flat- Top Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) method has been used. Then in order to make the signal from PAM suitable for data transmission, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) method to digitize the pulses has been used. Finally, the results and outputs show that significant energy savings have been achieved. The results showed that data transmission is reduced by up to 92.7% and energy saving is achieved significantly