bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of water blanching on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, enzyme inactivation, microbial reduction, and surface structure of samnamul (Aruncus dioicus var kamtschaticus)
Authors: Kim Ah‐Na , Lee Kyo–Yeon , Rahman Muhammad Shafiur , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Chun Jiyeon , Heo Ho Jin , Kerr William L. , Choi Sung‐Gil
Published: October 2019

Water blanching is widely used in food industry, but imprudent process causes considerable quality deterioration. To determine optimum condition, the effect of water blanching at different temperature (80, 90 and 98 °C) and time (0–10 min) on the characteristics of samnamul was investigated. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activities showed dramatic increase up to maximum and decreased rapidly as further blanching prolonged at all temperatures. The blanching at 98 °C for 30 s showed the highest values of them. Phenolic compounds such as shanzhiside methyl ester, isoquercetin, quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside, kaempferol 3‐O‐glucoside and sergeolide showed different temperature dependence. At 30 s, quercetin derivatives levels increased with increasing temperature and showed highest heat‐stability. Based on our study, the blanching at high temperature of 98 °C for a short time of 30 s may be important to increase or maintain nutritional quality, while oxidative enzyme activities and the microorganism numbers decreased.
Stellate ganglion block and cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia
Authors: Cha Yong‐Mei , Li Xuping , Yang Mei , Han Jie , Wu Gang , Kapa Suraj C. , McLeod Christopher J. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Mulpuru Siva K. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Brady Peter A. , Rho Richard H. , Friedman Paul A. , Lee Hon‐Chi , Tian Ying , Zhou Shenghua , Munger Thomas M. , Ackerman Michael J. , Shen Win‐Kuang
Published: October 2019

Background

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) remains a clinical challenge because patients often are highly symptomatic and not responsive to medical therapy.

Objective

To study the safety and efficacy of stellate ganglion (SG) block and cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) in patients with IST.

Methods

Twelve consecutive patients who had drug‐refractory IST (10 women) were studied. According to a prospectively initiated protocol, five patients underwent an electrophysiologic study before and after SG block (electrophysiology study group). The subsequent seven patients had ambulatory Holter monitoring before and after SG block (ambulatory group). All patients underwent SG block on the right side first, and then on the left side. Selected patients who had heart rate reduction ≥15 beats per minute (bpm) were recommended to consider CSD.

Results

The mean (SD) baseline heart rate (HR) was 106 (21) bpm. The HR significantly decreased to 93 (20) bpm (P = .02) at 10 minutes after right SG block and remained significantly slower at 97(19) bpm at 60 minutes. Left SG block reduced HR from 99 (21) to 87(16) bpm (P = .02) at 60 minutes. SG block had no significant effect on blood pressure or HR response to isoproterenol or exercise (all P > .05). Five patients underwent right (n = 4) or bilateral (n = 1) CSD. The clinical outcomes were heterogeneous: one patient had complete and two had partial symptomatic relief, and two did not have improvement.

Conclusion

SG blockade modestly reduces resting HR but has no significant effect on HR during exercise. Permanent CSD may have a modest role in alleviating symptoms in selected patients with IST.
Pericardial access via wire‐guided puncture without contrast: The feasibility and safety of a modified approach
Authors: Long De‐Yong , Sun Li‐Ping , Sang Cai‐Hua , Jiang Chen‐Xi , Guo Xue‐Yuan , Li Meng‐Meng , Li Song‐Nan , Zhao Xin , Wang Wei , Tang Ri‐Bo , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Du Xin , Ma Chang‐Sheng
Published: October 2019

Objective

To investigate the feasibility and safety of wire‐guided pericardial access without contrast.

Methods

From January 2014 to February 2019, patients who received epicardial mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia in the Beijing Anzhen Hospital were entered into the current study. They were divided into contrast‐guided access group or wire‐guided access group according to the pericardial puncture technique used. The baseline variables, procedure parameters, complications were collected and compared.

Results

During the study period, a consecutive of 73 patients received epicardial access. The initial 32 patients received contrast‐guided puncture with success achieved in 30 patients, the remaining 41 patients underwent wire‐guided puncture with success achieved in 40 patients (30/32 and 40/41, P = .581). Fluoroscopy time (4.45 ± 0.52 and 4.38 ± 0.46 minutes, P = .891) and access time (5.14 ± 0.58 and 5.34 ± 0.50 minutes, P = .657) were comparable between the two groups. Inadvertent right ventricular puncture occurred more commonly in the contrast‐guided group (5/32 and 1/41, P = .038). Though more pericardial effusions (2/32 and 1/41, P = .575), tamponade (2/32 and 1/41, P = .575), and surgical repair (1/32 and 0/41, P = .432) occurred in the contrast‐guided group, they reached no statistical difference.

Conclusion

Wire‐guided pericardial puncture exhibits better safety and similar success rates to contrast‐guided technique with a trend towards less complications.
Left bundle branch pacing utilizing three dimensional mapping
Authors: Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi , Panikkath Ragesh , Mascarenhas Vernon , Bauch Terry D.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Permanent His bundle pacing is feasible and effective in patients with atrioventricular block or left bundle branch block. However, pacing thresholds to capture the distal His bundle is often higher. Recently left bundle branch area pacing (LBBP) has been shown to be feasible by advancing the lead transvenously, deep into the interventricular septum to reach the left ventricular endocardial surface. In this article we describe the utility of three dimensional (3D) mapping to achieve LBBP.

Methods

Ensite Precision (Abbott) mapping system was used to perform LBBP. A decapolar catheter was used to create 3D map of right atrium and right ventricle (RV). Regions of interest (His bundle, potential LBBP sites of interest in RV) were tagged in the 3D map. The LBBP lead was implanted utilizing the 3D map. The lead depth in the septum was assessed in the 3D map.

Results

LBBP was performed in three patients: chronic LBBB and intermittent 2:1 atrioventricular block; atrioventricular (AV) node ablation and conduction system pacing; and bifascicular block and intermittent AV block in a patient with severe left ventricular hypertrophy. LBBP was successful in all three patients. The lead depth in the interventricular septum was 12, 11, and 21 mm, respectively as assessed by 3D mapping.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional mapping was helpful in achieving LBBP in patients with LBBB, severe left ventricular hypertrophy or during AV node ablation. 3D mapping also facilitated easy assessment of lead depth during and after lead fixation. 3D mapping techniques may be a valuable tool to reduce the learning curve of implanters with minimal experience in LBBP.
Association of combined PD‐L1 expression and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte features with survival and treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Bence C. , Hofman V. , Chamorey E. , Long‐Mira E. , Lassalle S. , Albertini A.F. , Liolios I. , Zahaf K. , Picard A. , Montaudié H. , Lacour J.P. , Passeron T. , Andea A.A. , Ilie M. , Hofman P.
Published: October 2019

Background

Recent advances obtained with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) protein have significantly improved the outcome of patients with metastatic melanoma. The PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells as detected by immunohistochemistry is a predictive biomarker in some solid tumours, but appears insufficient as prognostic or predictive factor of response to ICIs in metastatic melanomas.

Objectives

We investigated whether the presence and the features of pretreatment CD8+tumour‐infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) could be a complementary prognostic or predictive biomarker in patients with metastatic melanoma.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we evaluated the association of PD‐L1 expression ≥5% of tumour cells combined with TIL features (CD8, CD28, Ki67) with the overall survival (OS) among 51 patients treated with ICIs and 54 patients treated with other treatment options (non‐ICIs).

Results

PD‐L1 positivity was observed in 33% and 39% of primary melanomas and matched metastases, respectively, with, however, poor concordance between the primary and the matched metastatic site (κ = 0.283). No significant association was noted between PD‐L1 expression and CD8+
TIL profile analysed as single markers and OS or response to immunotherapy. Instead, their combined analysis in primary melanoma samples showed that the PD‐L1−/CD8+status was significantly associated with prolonged OS in the whole population (P = 0.04) and in the subgroup treated with non‐ICIs (P = 0.009). Conversely, the PD‐L1+/CD8+ status was a good prognostic factor in patients treated with ICIs (P = 0.022), whereas was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients treated with non‐ICIs (P = 0.014). While the expression of CD28 was not related to outcome, the Ki67 expression was significantly associated with poor OS in the subgroup CD8+
TIL+/PD‐L1− (P = 0.02).

Conclusions

The pretreatment combination of PD‐L1 expression with the level of CD8+
TILs could better assess OS and predict therapeutic response of patients with metastatic melanoma treated by either immunotherapy or other treatment regimens.
Evaluation of different bleaching methods applied to yacon
Authors: Macedo Leandro L. , da Silva Araújo Cintia , Vimercati Wallaf C. , Saraiva Sérgio H. , Teixeira Luciano J. Q.
Published: October 2019

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of bleaching of yacon using ascorbic acid, citric acid, sodium bisulfite, and l‐cysteine hydrochloride, in 400 ppm concentrations and the heat treatment at 100°C/8 min. The roots were washed, sanitized, and peeled. One batch of the peeled roots was sliced and subjected to heat treatment, with subsequent extraction of juice. Another batch was intended for juice extraction and subjected to chemical bleaching. The bleached samples, along with their respective control samples (not bleached) were evaluated for the total color difference (ΔE) in relation to time zero, over 240 min. Data were subjected to regression analysis and exponential models were adjusted. The values of the horizontal asymptotes were plotted in a bar chart. The treatments with ascorbic and citric acids showed low bleaching capacity in the concentrations studied. l‐Cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfite, and heat treatment were good methods for minimizing yacon juice browning.

Practical Applications

Yacon is a perishable tuberous root and when processed has a high rate of enzymatic browning. This fact makes it indispensable to apply a bleaching method during processing to minimize browning. Therefore, the study of different methods of bleaching provides useful information that enables both practical application by the food industries and the development of new research with yacon.
Plant community assembly along a natural metal gradient in central Africa: Functional and phylogenetic approach
Authors: Delhaye Guillaume , Hardy Olivier J. , Séleck Maxime , Ilunga wa Ilunga Edouard , Mahy Grégory , Meerts Pierre
Published: October 2019

Questions

Do functional and phylogenetic diversity vary along a natural metal gradient? Do resources acquisition and metal tolerance‐related traits show the same patterns of variation? Is the ability to grow on metal‐enriched soil phylogenetically conserved or the result of functional convergence?

Location

Fungurume V hill (10°37′03″ S, 26°17′22″ E), Upper Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Methods

In 21 communities along a natural copper gradient, we quantified the variation of species richness and turnover as well as the phylogenetic diversity. We assessed the variation of three univariate functional indices — community‐weighted mean, functional richness and functional dispersion — for ten functional traits related to resources acquisition, conservation, dispersal and metal tolerance strategy.

Results and Conclusions

Along a gradient of increasing soil Cu concentration, we found a decrease in species number and a strong species turnover. On metal‐poor soils, phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion of functional traits indicated selection for certain clades (e.g. Fabaceae) with many different trait combinations suggesting niche partitioning. On metal‐enriched soils, contrary to expectations, we found functional convergence towards trait values associated with rapid resource use, lower stature and smaller seeds in several clades. Conversely, metal tolerance strategy showed a clear overdispersion on metal‐rich soils reflecting the presence of several strategies to cope with the excess of metal in the soil. This suggests that some extreme toxicity gradients, such as this one, do not always impose strong functional convergence towards a stress tolerance strategy, as is often assumed.
Testing the role of ecological selection on colour pattern variation in the butterflyParnassius clodius
Authors: Zaman Khuram , Hubert Mryia K. , Schoville Sean D.
Published: October 2019

Colour pattern has served as an important phenotype in understanding the process of natural selection, particularly in brightly coloured and variable species like butterflies. However, different selective forces operate on aspects of colour pattern, for example by favouring warning colours in eyespots or alternatively favoring investment in thermoregulatory properties of melanin. Additionally, genetic drift influences colour phenotypes, especially in populations undergoing population size change. Here, we investigated the relative roles of genetic drift and ecological selection in generating the phenotypic diversity of the butterflyParnassius clodius. Genome‐wide patterns of single nucleotide polymorphism data show thatP. clodiusforms three population clusters, which experienced a period of population expansion following the last glacial maximum and have since remained relatively stable in size. After correcting for relatedness, morphological variation is best explained by climatic predictor variables, suggesting ecological selection generates trait variability. Solar radiation and precipitation are both negatively correlated with increasing total melanin in both sexes, supporting a thermoregulatory function of melanin. Similarly, wing size traits are significantly larger in warmer habitats for both sexes, supporting a Converse Bergmann Rule pattern. Bright red coloration is negatively correlated with temperature seasonality and solar radiation in males, and weakly associated with insectivorous avian predators in univariate models, providing mixed evidence that selection is linked to warning coloration and predator avoidance. Together, these results suggest that elements of butterfly wing phenotypes respond independently to different sources of selection and that thermoregulation is an important driver of phenotypic differentiation in Parnassian butterflies.
Rhythmic calcium transients in smooth muscle cells of the mouse internal anal sphincter
Authors: Cobine Caroline A. , Hannigan Karen I. , McMahon Megan , Ni Bhraonain Emer P. , Baker Salah A. , Keef Kathleen D.
Published: October 2019

Background

The internal anal sphincter (IAS) exhibits slow waves (SWs) and tone that are dependent upon L‐type Ca2+ channels (CavL) suggesting that phasic events (ie, SWs) play a fundamental role in tone generation. The present study further examined phasic activity in the IAS by measuring the spatiotemporal properties of Ca2+ transients (CTs) in IAS smooth muscle cells (SMCs).

Methods

Ca2+ transients were recorded with spinning disk confocal microscopy from the IAS of SM‐GCaMP mice. Muscles were pinned submucosal surface up at two different lengths. Drugs were applied by inclusion in the superfusate.

Key Results

Ca2+ transients displayed ongoing rhythmic firings at both lengths and were abolished by nifedipine and the KATP channel activator pinacidil indicating their dependence upon CavL. Like SWs, CTs were greatest in frequency (average 70.6 cpm) and amplitude at the distal extremity and conducted proximally. Removal of the distal IAS reduced but did not abolish CTs. The time constant for clearing cytoplasmic Ca2+ averaged 0.46 seconds and basal Ca2+ levels were significantly elevated.

Conclusions & Inferences

The similarities in spatiotemporal and pharmacological properties of CTs and SWs suggest that SW gives rise to CTs while muscle stretch is not required. Elevated relative basal Ca2+ in the IAS is likely due to the inability of cells to clear or sequester Ca2+ between rapid frequency voltage‐dependent Ca2+ entry events, that is, conditions that will lead to tone development. The conduction of CTs from distal to proximal IAS will lead to orally directed contractions and likely contribute to the maintenance of fecal continence.
Rumpel‐Leede Phenomenon—An alarming rash with benign etiology in 4 healthy infants
Authors: Ho Valerie Pui Yoong , Chong Jin Ho , Bishnoi Priya , Koh Mark J. A. , Wong Sharon M. Y.
Published: October 2019

The Rumpel‐Leede phenomenon (RLP) is a rare clinical presentation and in some cases shown to be related to serious systemic conditions. In children, it has been described in association with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Henoch‐Schönlein purpura. We present a series of pediatric cases of RLP with mechanical etiologies that had a benign course. We propose minimal investigations for pediatric RLP cases who are systemically well and have a clear suggestive history of a mechanical cause.
Influence of foetal calf serum supplementation during in vitro embryo culture in Iberian red deer
Authors: Iniesta‐Cuerda María , Sánchez‐Ajofrín Irene , García‐Álvarez Olga , Martín‐Maestro Alicia , Peris‐Frau Patricia , Ortiz José Antonio , Fernández‐Santos María Rocío , Garde José Julián , Soler Ana J.
Published: October 2019

Contents

Nowadays, the use of foetal calf serum (FCS) during in vitro embryo culture is very controversial. Whilst some authors have encouraged its use, others reject it because of its harmful effects. Although in vitro embryo production in red deer is a promising assisted reproductive technique, it is still in its infancy and a great effort is needed to update the protocols used. The aim of this study was to assess whether FCS supplementation in red deer embryo culture medium is necessary to produce blastocyst and, if so, when is the best time to add it in terms of blastocyst production and quality. In vitro blastocysts were cultured with FCS added at 24, 48 or 96 hours post‐insemination (hpi). In addition, a treatment without FCS was used as control. Six hundred and ninety‐four cumulus–oocyte complexes were collected for in vitro fertilization. Cleavage rate was examined at 48 hpi, and blastocyst yield was recorded on days 6, 7 and 8. FCS had no influence on cleavage and blastocyst rate for any of the treatments studied. However, the number of cells was higher (p = .025) in those blastocysts cultured with FCS from 48 hpi compared with FCS‐free culture media (93.88 ± 7.76 vs. 54.11 ± 8.36). In conclusion, the addition of FCS to the embryo culture medium at 48 hpi improves the quality of red deer blastocyst, although it does not affect the percentage of embryos obtained.
Induction of CIRBP expression by cold shock on bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes
Authors: Gardela Jaume , Ruiz‐Conca Mateo , Álvarez‐Rodríguez Manuel , Mogas Teresa , López‐Béjar Manel
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to induce the cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRBP) expression on cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) through exposure to a sub‐lethal cold shock and determine the effects of hypothermic temperatures during the in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes. Nuclear maturation, cortical granule redistribution and identification of cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRBP) were assessed after 24 hr of in vitro maturation of control (38.5°C) and cold‐stressed oocytes (33.5°C). The presence of CIRBP was assessed by Western blot in COCs or denuded oocytes and their respective cumulus cells. Based on the odds ratio, cold‐stressed oocytes presented higher abnormal cytoplasmic distribution of cortical granules and nuclear maturation than the control group. Although CIRBP was detected in both control and cold‐stressed groups, cold‐stressed COCs had 2.17 times more expression of CIRBP than control COCs. However, when denuded oocytes and cumulus cells were assessed separately, CIRBP only was detected in cumulus cells in both groups. In conclusion, cold shock induced CIRBP expression, but it negatively affected nuclear maturation and cortical granule distribution of bovine oocytes. Moreover, the expression of CIRBP was only identified in cumulus cells but not in oocytes.
Current challenges in sheep artificial insemination: A particular insight
Authors: Alvarez Mercedes , Anel‐Lopez Luis , Boixo Juan Carlos , Chamorro Cesar , Neila‐Montero Marta , Montes‐Garrido Rafael , de Paz Paulino , Anel Luis
Published: October 2019

Ovine artificial insemination (OAI) is not commonly performed because of specific problems related to semen application techniques, leading to highly variable results. The ideal methodology (frozen‐thawed semen/vaginal route) is unfeasible under field conditions due to the cervix morphology of the ewe, which prevents the process of intrauterine insemination necessary to obtain acceptable results. Currently, OAI commercial programmes use superficial cervical insemination, CAI (vaginal), with chilled semen (15°C) and intrauterine insemination, LAI (laparoscopic), with frozen‐thawed semen. The ability to improve upon these contrasting techniques may be derived from examining certain poorly studied factors such as insemination time, productive state of females and alternatives of seminal preservation, some of which we reviewed in this work. This interim solution will remain in use until AI by the vaginal route with frozen‐thawed semen is developed, but it poses new challenges in optimizing the freezing of the sperm and adapting the cervical (CAI) and/or transcervical intrauterine AI (TCAI). In this review, we address the current problems and evaluate their methodological (mechanical) and chemical (dilation) alternatives. Currently, TCAI is a methodologically complex technique with poor fertility results, so further studies are needed to improve the logistics of this procedure and the results of its application.
A non‐invasive method for semen collection and evaluation in small and median size lizards
Authors: Martínez‐Torres Martín , Sánchez‐Rivera Uriel Ángel , Cruz‐Cano Norma Berenice , Castro‐Camacho Yabín Josué , Luis Juana , Medrano Alfredo
Published: October 2019

Contents

The aim of this study was to develop a non‐invasive procedure to stimulate ejaculation in median and small lizards for semen collection. After semen collection, we applied a battery of tests to assess the motility (wave and progressive), viability (eosin–nigrosin stain), morphology (normal/abnormal), sperm concentration and ejaculate number, seminal volume and colour. We obtained this fluid from all males of the four species of sceloporine lizards (n = 30) and one species of Mexican horned lizards (n = 7). We found that semen from all males had a liquid‐like consistency and a milky‐white appearance. Ejaculate volume and sperm concentration varied among the males and the species studied. We also observed that although the mobility, viability and normal sperm morphology showed a wide variability, their average value in each species was high. We conclude that “genital papilla pressure” was an efficient and non‐invasive semen obtaining method for small‐ and medium‐sized lizards that does not imply damage to donors and could be used in other lizard species.
Sperm competition and the evolution of sperm form and function in mammals
Authors: Roldan Eduardo R. S.
Published: October 2019

Sperm competition is a powerful selective force that has influenced many reproductive traits in males and females although additional evolutionary explanations may help to understand the diversity of mammalian reproduction. Sperm morphology varies considerably in mammals with extreme examples in several rodent lineages in which a wide range of sizes and complex head morphologies have been identified. Mammalian spermatozoa also differ in function, with swimming velocity and trajectory showing much divergence. Underlying processes mediating function have received little attention so far, but differences in timing and proportion of sperm undergoing capacitation or acrosomal exocytosis may be related to variation in signalling processes. Furthermore, energy required for sperm functions (such as motion, signalling and overall maintenance of cell integrity) can be produced and consumed, following different patterns among species and this could be the result of several selective forces. A more thorough understanding of the diversity in structure and function of sperm cells, and underlying selective forces, may help us develop better methods to assess them taking into account particulars and generalities of sperm form and performance. Such tests could then become more reliable in estimations of the impact of cryopreservation or effect of changes in the environment and their relevance for fertility.
Non‐invasive ventilation: A glimpse into the future
Authors: Chu Chung‐Ming , Piper Amanda
Published: October 2019

Find the whole series here
Expanding knowledge on non‐expandable lungs
Authors: Lee Y. C. Gary
Published: October 2019

See related Article
Pathological personality facets and emotion (dys)regulation in gambling disorder
Authors: Rogier Guyonne , Beomonte Zobel Sara , Velotti Patrizia
Published: October 2019

A number of researches showed high prevalence of personality disorders among addicted gamblers. However, there are still few studies investigating the role of pathological personality facets in Gambling Disorder (GD). Moreover, the nature of the relationship between GD and pathological personality is not clear. We administered to a group of addicted gamblers (N = 79) and a group of healthy participants (N = 101) a battery of self‐report questionnaires encompassing the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), The Personality Inventory for DSM‐V (PID‐5), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Analyses of variance showed that addicted gamblers, compared to healthy participants, scored higher on most of the subscales of the DERS, on the Suppression Dimension of the ERQ and on the five main domains of the PID‐5 whereas they obtained lower scores on the Reappraisal subscale of the ERQ. Moreover, multiple regression analyses indicated that some specific facets of pathological personality, emotion dysregulation and lack of cognitive reappraisal, significantly predict GD's severity. Finally, emotion dysregulation levels and lack of cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between these and GD's severity. Our results confirmed the central roles played by both pathological personality and deficit in emotion regulation capacities in GD. Specifically, Impulsivity, Lack of Perseverance and Suspiciousness may be important predictors of GD severity. Moreover, emotion dysregulation and lack of adaptive emotion regulation strategies partially explained such relationship. As such, training for emotion regulation abilities appears strategically useful in the treatment of addicted gamblers with pathological personality traits.
Retrospective evaluation of Micrurus fulvius (Eastern coral snake) envenomation and the use of mechanical ventilation in dogs and a cat (2011–2016): 8 cases
Authors: Campos Samantha , Allen‐Durrance Ashley E. , Schaer Michael , Lynch Alex
Published: October 2019

Objective

To describe the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) in the management of Eastern coral snake envenomation in 7 dogs and a cat.

Design

Retrospective study (2011–2016).

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Seven dogs and 1 cat receiving MV for ventilatory failure secondary to Eastern coral snake envenomation.

Interventions

None.

Measurement and Main Results

The medical records of 8 animals that received MV following Eastern coral snake envenomation were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, time to veterinary assessment, physical and laboratory characteristics at arrival, clinical course during hospitalization, management including antivenom administration, MV settings, duration of ventilation, length of hospitalization, cost of care, and survival to discharge. The mean ± SD age was 4 ± 3.2 years. Median (range) time to onset of clinical signs was 30 (5–240) minutes. Coral snake antivenom was administered to 7 of the 8 animals following arrival at a median (range) of 30 (5–90) minutes. All animals had progressive hypoventilation and received MV, specifically volume controlled, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure support. The median (range) duration of MV was 58 (25–84) hours and the median (range) duration of hospitalization was 8.2 (6–11) days. Ventilator associated complications occurred in all animals, but overall outcome was excellent with 7 of 8 surviving to discharge. No dog, but the 1 cat, had an adverse reaction to antivenom.

Conclusions

Ventilatory failure secondary to Eastern coral snake envenomation necessitating MV carries an excellent prognosis and is better than reported for other causes of lower motor neuron disease. Successful response to ventilation was achieved even with associated complications being common in this cohort of animals.
Influence of a new method of applying adsorbents on membrane fouling in MBR systems
Authors: Mohamadi Siavash , Hazrati Hossein , Shayegan Jalal
Published: October 2019

In this study, adsorbent packed beds of granular zeolite and activated carbon (AC)  were used to mitigate membrane fouling in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), particle size distribution (PSD), transmembrane pressure (TMP), soluble microbial products (SMP), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and excitation‐emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to identify sludge and membrane cake layer characteristics. The changes in TMP demonstrated that using AC and ZE has resulted in a 38% and a 35% reduction in membrane fouling, respectively. Measuring EPS, SMP, proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) in EPS and using FTIR and EEM revealed that AC and ZE have resulted in a decrease in SMP, EPS, PN and PS. The results showed that this method could reduce membrane fouling as much as the previous methods.
The impact of preterm adversity on cardiorespiratory function
Authors: McDonald Fiona B. , Dempsey Eugene M. , O'Halloran Ken D.
Published: October 2019

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?

We review the influence of prematurity on the cardiorespiratory system and examine the common sequel of alterations in oxygen tension, and immune activation in preterm infants.

What advances does it highlight?

The review highlights neonatal animal models of intermittent hypoxia, hyperoxia and infection that contribute to our understanding of the effect of stress on neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis. We also focus on some of the important physiological pathways that have a modulatory role on the cardiorespiratory system in early life.

Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality. Babies that survive early‐life stress associated with immaturity have significant prevailing short‐ and long‐term morbidities. Oxygen dysregulation in the first few days and weeks after birth is a primary concern as the cardiorespiratory system slowly adjusts to extrauterine life. Infants exposed to rapid alterations in oxygen tension, including exposures to hypoxia and hyperoxia, have altered redox balance and active immune signalling, leading to altered stress responses that impinge on neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis. In this review, we explore the clinical challenges posed by preterm birth, followed by an examination of the literature on animal models of oxygen dysregulation and immune activation in the context of early‐life stress.
Análisis sociobibliométrico comparativo de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (1996-2017)
Authors: Fierro Catriel , Di Doménico María Cristina , Klappenbach Hugo Alberto
Published: October 2019

Con el objetivo de ofrecer datos públicos y empíricos desde una perspectiva sociobibliométrica sobre la formación ofrecida por la Licenciatura en Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), se realizó un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la bibliografía de las 22 asignaturas obligatorias de los ciclos básico y profesional (N = 2 572), de acuerdo a 12 indicadores sociobibliométricos, comparándose los resultados con estudios de décadas anteriores. Los hallazgos indican una predominancia hegemónica y casi excluyente de textos y autores psicoanalíticos, un decrecimiento de otras orientaciones teóricas, de textos publicados en los últimos años y de papers de revistas con referato, un aumento de autores diplomados en Psicología y una obsolescencia media de la literatura de más de 35 años. Se concluye sobre las implicancias legales y socioinstitucionales de tal situación.
Los ecosistemas de investigación y visibilidad: historias inspiradoras y realidades inciertas
Authors: López López Wilson
Published: October 2019

Editorial.
Familiar Adjustment of the Minors Who Are Victims of Gender-Based Violence and Minors Immersed in a Divorce Process: an Exploratory Study
Authors: Trillo Padilla Francisco José , Zaldívar Basurto Flor , García García Juan
Published: October 2019

The differences in the psychosocial and family adaptation of a group of minors derived to the Family Meeting Point of Almeria are analyzed, also the caretaking capacity of their parents, depending on whether they come from the Gender Violence Court (GVC) or Family Court (FC) and the level of family conflict reported by the minor and parents. We studied 15 families in two groups in the divorce process, one consisting of 8 children of families from GVC and another of 7 children of the FC. When analyzing the reported family conflict, most of the children have witnessed episodes of violence at home, 75% of the GVC. 42% of children under FC would change their visitation regime. We observed statistically significant differences in terms of this conflict in family and school maladjustment. It is discussed to assess the needs of the minor considering their preferences regarding the visitation regime to decide juridically and psychologically.
Juego patológico en población reclusa colombiana: resultados preliminares en prevalencia y comorbilidad
Authors: Ruiz Pérez José Ignacio , Echeburúa Enrique
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia de probable ludopatía en una muestra no aleatoria de reclusos hombres y mujeres (N = 334), localizados en cinco centros penitenciarios. Se empleó un cuestionario en dos versiones. La parte común a ambas formas incluyó el Cuestionario Breve de Juego Patológico ([CBJP]; Fernández-Montalvo, Báez, & Echeburúa-Odriozola, 1995), una Lista de Chequeo de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (Ruiz-Pérez, 2015) e información sociodemográfica. La forma A del cuestionario incorporó la Escala de Impulsividad de Plutchik (Ruiz-Pérez, 2015); la forma B, el cuestionario de evaluación de síntomas de psicopatología SA-45 (Sandín, Valiente, Chorot, Santed, & Lostao, 2008). Los resultados mostraron que la proporción de probables jugadores patológicos fue del 32.3 % para hombres y del 18.8 % para mujeres. El puntaje en el SA-45 y el consumo de alcohol se asociaron directamente con los síntomas de juego patológico. En cuanto al análisis de regresión, en las mujeres, las variables predictoras de la ludopatía fueron la participación en juegos de azar y el consumo de alcohol; en los hombres, fue el grado de psicopatología, sobre todo la hostilidad.
Precursors of Body Dissatisfaction and its Implication for Psychological Well-Being in Young Adults
Authors: Molina-García Javier , Castillo Isabel , Queralt Ana , Álvarez Octavio
Published: October 2019

The authors examined leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), body mass index (BMI), and perceived physical ability as body dissatisfaction antecedents, and analyzed their relationship to well-being. The sample comprised 501 university students. Data were collected using a self-administered survey. Path analysis revealed that LTPA positively predicted perceived physical ability. BMI and perceived physical ability predicted body dissatisfaction (positively and negatively, respectively). Body dissatisfaction negatively predicted subjective vitality, whereas perceived physical ability positively predicted subjective vitality. These results support the inclusion of LTPA in intervention programs that seek to promote more satisfactory physical perceptions and psychological well-being.
Visual Memory Test based on Snodgrass Pictures (VMT-SP): a New Neuropsychological Measure of Visual Memory on Children with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Muñoz-Machicao Angela , Fernández Alcántara Manuel , Correa- Delgado Cayetana , González Ramirez Amanda Rocío , Pérez García Miguel , Laynez Rubio Carolina
Published: October 2019

Visual memory can be defined as the ability to recall visual images in the form of objects events or words. Previous neuropsychological research on Learning Disabilities (LD) involving visual memory has been focused particularly on children who present nonverbal LD, and their scholar underachievement. Objective: This study aims to develop a visual memory test using recognisable objects and to determine their normative values and validity in a population of children with LD and in a control group. Methods and procedures: A total of 330 children participated in this study (7-14 years), 190 suffered of some kind of LD and 140 did not have any diagnosis. Visual Memory was assessed using a test (VMT-SP) based on Snodgrass Pictures (Snodgrass & Vanderwart, 1980) composed of a short-term, long-term and a recognition assessment. Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) and Hooper Visual Organisation Test (HVOT) were used to assess validity. Results: Short-term, long-term recall and long-term recognition differed significantly between the LD children and the control group. Moreover, the scores were influenced by the age of the children (with a higher percentage of correct answers being given by the older children), gender, habitat and mother’s level of education. Finally, the test results were associated with other measures of visual memory. Conclusions: VMT-SP is a new clinical tool for assessing visual memory. We present evidence of its concurrent validity and applicability in the evaluation of children with LD.
Componentes cognitivos del sistema de aproximación numérica y la fluidez de cálculo en niños de educación primaria
Authors: Aguilar Villagrán Manuel , Aragón Mendizábal Estíbaliz , Navarro Guzmán José Ignacio
Published: October 2019

En los últimos años, se ha investigado la relación existente entre los dos sistemas cognitivos que contribuyen al procesamiento de cantidades (el sistema de aproximación numérica (SAN) y el (SEN) sistema de exactitud numérica) y su influencia en el rendimiento y dificultades de aprendizaje de las matemáticas. En este estudio, se investiga la relación entre la precisión del SAN y el rendimiento matemático en una prueba de fluidez de cálculo simbólico en alumnado de segundo y tercer ciclo de educación primaria (3.º a 6.º). Un total de 229 estudiantes fueron evaluados con una prueba de precisión del SAN, consistente en una tarea de comparación no simbólica de cantidades y una prueba de fluidez de cálculo. Los resultados descriptivos se encuentran dentro de lo esperado con respecto al carácter evolutivo de las variables de estimación y fluidez de cálculo. El análisis correlacional mostró que existe una baja correlación entre fluidez de cálculo y comparación de magnitudes en 3.° (p < 0.05) que desapareció en cursos posteriores (p > 0.05).
Violencia de género en la pareja: aproximación comprensiva a las vivencias de niños y niñas
Authors: Miranda Miranda Jenniffer K. , Corovic Doty Jubitza
Published: October 2019

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender las vivencias de niños y niñas, de 8 a 10 años, expuestos a violencia de género en la pareja, mediante tres pruebas gráficas: Dibujo de la Figura Humana, Test de la Familia y Persona Bajo la Lluvia junto con las narrativas asociadas a estas. Los/as participantes fueron usuarios/as del Centro de Salud Mental de Pudahuel, Santiago de Chile. Los niños/as expuestos/as a violencia de género en la pareja presentan dinámicas traumatogénicas, constituyéndose la exposición como una experiencia disruptiva para los/as niños/as. El estudio adquiere relevancia, debido a la escasa literatura internacional sobre la experiencia subjetiva de los/as niños/as expuestos/as, aporta información contextualizada a Chile y contribuye a diseñar una metodología comprensiva para la evaluación psicológica.
Validation of the Revised Ego-Resiliency Scale in a High-Vulnerable Colombian Population
Authors: Vecchio Giovanni Maria , Barcaccia Barbara , Raciti Paolo , Vivaldi Vera Paloma , Milioni Michela
Published: October 2019

The ER89 (Block & Kremen, 1996) is a self-report scale measuring ego-resiliency in community contexts. The present study examined the psychometric properties of a brief version of the ER 89 (ER89-R: Alessandri, Vecchio, Steca, Caprara, & Caprara, 2007) in a Colombian high-vulnerable population. Participants were 947 young and adults (427 males, 520 females), ranging in age from 16 to 66 years (M = 32.4, SD = 11.6), living in fourteen town halls and beneficiaries of four programs for individuals in situations of extreme poverty or victims of violence. CFA supported the presence of the ER second-order factor and two first-order factors, named Optimal regulation (OR) and Openness to life experiences (OL). In addition, results showed full configural invariance of the scales across three age groups (16-25 years, 26-40 years and over 40 years) and partial strict invariance by gender. The construct validity of the ER89-R was further examined by zero-order correlations and multiple regression analyses: significant and positive association of ER, OR and OL with some relevant indicators of adjustment (self-esteem, optimism, and coping strategies) were found. Important implications for intervention programs aimed at people in disadvantaged contexts are discussed.
Workplace Violence in Work Environments against Gender Violence
Authors: Pérez-Tarrés Alicia , Pereira da Silva Joilson , Cantera Espinosa Leonor María
Published: October 2019

We aimed to describe and analyze the subjective experiences concerning workplace violence in a group of 20 workers. The scenario chosen shows a paradoxical situation: violence in environments where people work against gender violence. A qualitative method was used and the instrument chosen was the semi-structured interview. The results indicate a reproduction of violence within these work contexts, which manifests itself mainly in a psychological way and whose causes are subject to social, institutional and personal variables. From this research, several notable theoretical and methodological phenomena emerge, as well as the need for profound reflections based on the academic approaches to workplace violence.
Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Correlations for Solar Air Heater With Gap in V-Rib With Symmetrical Gap and Staggered Ribs
Authors: Patel Sumer Singh , Lanjewar Atul
Published: October 2019

The present experimental study is concerned with heat transfer analysis of air flowing in solar air heater duct with a gap in V-rib with symmetrical gap and staggered ribs geometry. The investigated parameters are Reynolds number (Re) of 4000–14,000, relative roughness pitch (p/e) of 12, relative roughness height (e/Dh) of 0.043, angle of attack (α) of 60 deg, relative staggered rib pitch (p′/p) of 0.65, relative gap size (g/e) of 4, relative staggered rib size (r/e) of 4, relative gap position of additional gap in each symmetrical rib elements (d/w) of 0.65, relative gap size of additional gap in each symmetrical rib elements (g′/e) of 1, number of main gaps (Ng) of 1, 2, 3, 4, and number of additional gap (ng) varying from 1 to 5. Fourteen roughened absorber plates were tested. The maximum enhancement in Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) was 2.34 and 2.79 times that of smooth surface corresponding to the number of main gaps (Ng) of 4 with the number of additional gaps (ng) of 4. The performance of the gap in V-rib with symmetrical gap and staggered rib geometry has been compared with the existing latest V-rib geometry and smooth surface. The proposed gap in V-rib with symmetrical gap and staggered ribs geometry has a better performance than the existing latest V-rib geometry. The following correlations have been developed for heat transfer and friction factor in terms of roughness and operating parameters.

Heat transfer:Nur=0.0073(Re)0.9788(Ng)0.2790(ng)0.0184exp[−0.1678(ln(Ng))2]exp[−0.0129(ln(ng))2]

Friction factor:fr=0.0477(Re)−0.0678(Ng)0.5919(ng)−0.0562exp[−0.4922(ln(Ng))2]exp[−0.0487(ln(ng))2]
Damped harmonic oscillation: Linear or quadratic drag force?
Authors: Hauko R. , Repnik R.
Published: October 2019

Harmonic oscillation damped by quadratic drag force is rarely found in physics textbooks. We present typical characteristics of the phenomenon and an analytical tool for the experimental determination of the resistance regime. The measurement is simulated using randomly generated amplitudes with different types of statistical and systematic errors. Their impact on the process of distinguishing between the linear and quadratic regimes and on the measured damping parameters is studied.
Athlete Perceptions of Social Media Benefits and Challenges During Major Sport Events
Authors: Hayes Michelle , Filo Kevin , Riot Caroline , Geurin Andrea
Published: October 2019

Numerous studies have focused on athletes’ use of social media by examining the content posted on social media sites, revealing an opportunity to gather firsthand experiences from athletes. Using uses-and-gratifications theory as a theoretical framework to inform an open-ended questionnaire, the authors examined athlete attitudes toward their social media use during a major sport event, as well as the gratifications they received and the challenges they experienced from this use. The study assessed a sample of 57 athletes and their social media use across 20 international major sport events. Findings revealed that social media enabled athletes to communicate with family and friends. Having a connection to home through social media can make athletes feel relaxed in a high-pressure environment. The results reveal uses and gratifications not previously found in research on athlete social media, while also underscoring opportunities for sport organizations to enhance social-media-education programs they provide to athletes.