bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mouse Pulvinar Nucleus Links the Lateral Extrastriate Cortex, Striatum, and Amygdala
Authors: Zhou Na , Masterson Sean P. , Damron James K. , Guido William , Bickford Martha E.
Published: November 2017

The pulvinar nucleus is a large thalamic structure involved in the integration of visual and motor signals. The pulvinar forms extensive connections with striate and extrastriate cortical areas, but the impact of these connections on cortical circuits has not previously been directly tested. Using a variety of anatomical, optogenetic, andin vitrophysiological techniques in male and female mice, we show that pulvinocortical terminals are densely distributed in the extrastriate cortex where they form synaptic connections with spines and small-diameter dendrites. Optogenetic activation of these synapsesin vitroevoked large excitatory postsynaptic responses in the majority of pyramidal cells, spiny stellate cells, and interneurons within the extrastriate cortex. However, specificity in pulvinar targeting was revealed when recordings were targeted to projection neuron subtypes. The neurons most responsive to pulvinar input were those that project to the striatum and amygdala (76% responsive) or V1 (55%), whereas neurons that project to the superior colliculus were rarely responsive (6%). Because the pulvinar also projects directly to the striatum and amygdala, these results establish the pulvinar nucleus as a hub linking the visual cortex with subcortical regions involved in the initiation and control of movement. We suggest that these circuits may be particularly important for coordinating body movements and visual perception.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe found that the pulvinar nucleus can strongly influence extrastriate cortical circuits and exerts a particularly strong impact on the activity of extrastriate neurons that project to the striatum and amygdala. Our results suggest that the conventional hierarchical view of visual cortical processing may not apply to the mouse visual cortex. Instead, our results establish the pulvinar nucleus as a hub linking the visual cortex with subcortical regions involved in the initiation and control of movement, and predict that the execution of visually guided movements relies on this network.
Brainstem Pain-Control Circuitry Connectivity in Chronic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Mills Emily P. , Di Pietro Flavia , Alshelh Zeynab , Peck Chris C. , Murray Greg M. , Vickers E. Russell , Henderson Luke A.
Published: November 2017

Preclinical investigations have suggested that altered functioning of brainstem pain-modulation circuits may be crucial for the maintenance of some chronic pain conditions. While some human psychophysical studies show that patients with chronic pain display altered pain-modulation efficacy, it remains unknown whether brainstem pain-modulation circuits are altered in individuals with chronic pain. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether, in humans, chronic pain following nerve injury is associated with altered ongoing functioning of the brainstem descending modulation systems. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that male and female patients with chronic neuropathic orofacial pain show increased functional connectivity between the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and other brainstem pain-modulatory regions, including the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and locus ceruleus (LC). We also identified an increase in RVM functional connectivity with the region that receives orofacial nociceptor afferents, the spinal trigeminal nucleus. In addition, the vlPAG and LC displayed increased functional connectivity strengths with higher brain regions, including the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and anterior cingulate cortex, in individuals with chronic pain. These data reveal that chronic pain is associated with altered ongoing functioning within the endogenous pain-modulation network. These changes may underlie enhanced descending facilitation of processing at the primary synapse, resulting in increased nociceptive transmission to higher brain centers. Further, our findings show that higher brain regions interact with the brainstem modulation system differently in chronic pain, possibly reflecting top–down engagement of the circuitry alongside altered reward processing in pain conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExperimental animal models and human psychophysical studies suggest that altered functioning of brainstem pain-modulation systems contributes to the maintenance of chronic pain. However, the function of this circuitry has not yet been explored in humans with chronic pain. In this study, we report that individuals with orofacial neuropathic pain show altered functional connectivity between regions within the brainstem pain-modulation network. We suggest that these changes reflect largely central mechanisms that feed back onto the primary nociceptive synapse and enhance the transfer of noxious information to higher brain regions, thus contributing to the constant perception of pain. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of neuropathic pain is imperative for the development of more efficacious therapies.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for diabetes and its complications: an overview
Authors: Mantle David
Published: November 2017

This article reviews the potential role of dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. The rationale for supplementation with CoQ10 is based on its key roles in cellular energy metabolism and as an antioxidant, and its potential mediation of oxidative stress and inflammation, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Randomised controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that supplementation with CoQ10 can significantly improve glycaemic control, as well as improving vascular dysfunction. Supplementation with CoQ10 may be of particular importance in type 2 diabetics prescribed statins and in those with fatty liver disease. Supplemental CoQ10 is usually well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported in long-term use. The importance of product quality and bioavailability cannot be over-emphasised, since this may be a factor in the disparity of findings from clinical trials supplementing CoQ10.
A survey of patients with type 2 diabetes and fasting outcomes during Ramadan 2016 in London: the East London Diabetes in Ramadan Survey
Authors: Chowdhury Tahseen Ahmad
Published: November 2017

Aims: Fasting in the summer months for Muslim people with diabetes during Ramadan is challenging, particularly in temperate climates where the duration of fasting is prolonged. We aimed to survey the experiences of patients with diabetes during Ramadan 2016 in East London.Methods: A telephone survey of Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes in Tower Hamlets, London was carried out. Patients were surveyed on discussions with a health professional before Ramadan, whether they followed advice given, the number of fasts undertaken, alterations in medication and adverse events.Results: Of 1,000 people contacted, 718 agreed to the survey. 396 (55.1%) were female, the median age was 52.1 years (range 31–84) and median diabetes duration 13.6 years (range 1–45). 36 (5%) were treated with diet alone, 428 (59.6%) with oral antidiabetic therapy and 254 (35.4%) were treated with insulin. 372 people (52%) discussed fasting with a health professional; 126 (33.8%) were advised not to fast, of whom 103 (81.7%) elected not to fast. 398 (55.4%) fasted at least once; the median number of days fasted was 16 (range 1–30). 327 patients (82.1%) made changes to their therapy. 24 patients (6%) reported episodes of hypoglycaemia, of whom two (0.3%) required third party assistance.Conclusions: Significant numbers of patients did not discuss fasting with a health professional prior to Ramadan and some patients fasted despite medical advice. Despite the long duration, many patients fasted successfully for at least part of Ramadan, with few adverse outcomes.
Cytomegalovirus-mononucleosis-induced thyroiditis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Larouche V , Tamilia M
Published: November 2017

Enteroviruses, including coxsackieviruses and Echovirus, are well known pathogens responsible for the development of thyroiditis. We describe the case of a 49-year-old woman with no personal or family history of thyroid disease who presented to the emergency room with a two-week history of daily fevers up to 39°C, a sore throat, occasional palpitations and diaphoresis, decreased appetite and an unintentional 10 kg weight loss over the same time course Physical examination revealed mild tachycardia, an intention tremor and a normal-sized, nontender thyroid gland without palpable nodules. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable and without stigmata of Graves’ disease. Her initial blood tests revealed overt thyrotoxicosis, elevated liver enzymes, an elevated C-reactive protein, a negative monospot and a positive CMV IgM antibody. Thyroid sonography revealed areas of hypoechogenicity and relatively low vascularity. Fine-needle biopsy showed a lymphocytic infiltrate. The patient was treated symptomatically with propranolol. On follow-up, the patient became euthyroid, and her liver enzymes normalised. Previous cases of CMV-induced thyroiditis occurred in immunosuppressed patients. This is the first reported case of a CMV-mononucleosis-induced thyroiditis in an immunocompetent adult patient and serves as a reminder that viral illnesses are a common cause of thyroiditis with abnormal liver enzymes.

Learning points:

The differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis with abnormal liver enzymes includes severe hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm caused by Graves’ disease as well as the thyrotoxic phase of a thyroiditis, usually caused by a virus such as coxsackievirus or, in this case, cytomegalovirus.

Cytomegalovirus appears to be a recently recognized causal agent for thyroiditis, both in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients.

Careful follow-up of thyroid function tests in patients with thyroiditis allows clinicians to determine if patients’ thyroid hormone secretion normalizes or if they remain hypothyroid.
Notch pathway inhibition targets chemoresistant insulinoma cancer stem cells
Authors: Capodanno Y , Buishand F O , Pang L Y , Kirpensteijn J , Mol J A , Argyle D J
Published: November 2017

Insulinomas (INS) are the most common neuroendocrine pancreatic tumours in humans and dogs. The long-term prognosis for malignant INS is still poor due to a low success rate of the current treatment modalities, particularly chemotherapy. A better understanding of the molecular processes underlying the development and progression of INS is required to develop novel targeted therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be critical for the engraftment and chemoresistance of many tumours, including INS. This study was aimed to characterise and target INS CSCs in order to develop novel targeted therapies. Highly invasive and tumourigenic human and canine INS CSC-like cells were successfully isolated. These cells expressed stem cell markers (OCT4,SOX9, SOX2, CD133 and CD34), exhibited greater resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and demonstrated a more invasive and tumourigenic phenotypein vivocompared to bulk INS cells. Here, we demonstrated that Notch-signalling-related genes (NOTCH2andHES1)were overexpressed in INS CSC-like cells. Protein analysis showed an active NOTCH2-HES1 signalling in INS cell lines, especially in cells resistant to 5-FU. Inhibition of the Notch pathway, using a gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI), enhanced the sensitivity of INS CSC-like cells to 5-FU. When used in combination GSI and 5-FU, the clonogenicityin vitroand the tumourigenicityin vivoof INS CSC-like cells were significantly reduced. These findings suggested that the combined strategy of Notch signalling inhibition and 5-FU synergistically attenuated enriched INS CSC populations, providing a rationale for future therapeutic exploitation.
Population Aging and the Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP)
Authors: Kerr Don , Smith-Carrier Tracy , Wang Juyan , Tam Dora , Kwok Siu Ming
Published: November 2017

The number of beneficiaries on social assistance in Ontario is not of minor importance, with almost a million (964,182) participants province wide in 2016.   The number of persons on the Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP) has rapidly increased, from about 280,000 in 2003 to over 475,000 in late 2016, for a rather dramatic increase of about 70 per cent.  The reasons for this increase in ODSP are not straightforward, although population aging has frequently been cited as an important factor contributing to this growth.  The primary purpose of the current paper is to provide a quantitative fix as to the relative importance of population growth and shifts in Canada’s age distribution to the rather pronounced increase in ODSP participation. We estimate here that demography alone can be considered responsible for only about 28 per cent of the overall growth in ODSP over the 2003-2014 period.  The relatively modest impact of demography was less than initially anticipated in light of the distinct age/sex pattern of ODSP participants and some rather important shifts in the age sex structure of Ontario.
Academic Achievement and Physical Activity: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Pesce Caterina , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Sánchez-López Mairena , Garrido-Miguel Miriam , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente
Published: November 2017

CONTEXT:

The effect of physical activity (PA) on different areas of academic achievement and classroom behaviors and how different characteristics of PA interventions could modify the effect remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective was twofold: (1) to assess the effect of PA interventions on academic achievement and classroom behaviors in childhood and (2) to determine the characteristics of individuals and PA programs that enhance academic performance.

DATA SOURCES:

We identified studies from the database inception to October 16, 2016.

STUDY SELECTION:

We selected intervention studies aimed at examining the effect of exercise on academic achievement and classroom behaviors at developmental age.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled effect size for all primary outcomes (language- and mathematics-related skills, reading, composite score, and time in on-task behavior). Positive values represent a direct relationship between PA programs and academic achievement scores or on-task behaviors.

RESULTS:

A total of 26 studies (10 205 children, aged from 4 to 13) were included. Pooled effect size (95% confidence interval) estimates were as follows: (1) 0.16 (−0.06 to 0.37) for language-related skills; (2) 0.21 (0.09 to 0.33) for mathematics-related skills; (3) 0.13 (0.02 to 0.24) for reading; (4) 0.26 (0.07 to 0.45) for composite scores; and (5) 0.77 (0.22 to 1.32) for time in on-task behaviors.

LIMITATIONS:

Limitations included the variety of tools used to measure academic achievement and the limited number of studies that reported the effect of after-school PA interventions.

CONCLUSIONS:

PA, especially physical education, improves classroom behaviors and benefits several aspects of academic achievement, especially mathematics-related skills, reading, and composite scores in youth.
Accuracy of Clinician Suspicion of Lyme Disease in the Emergency Department
Authors: Nigrovic Lise E. , Bennett Jonathan E. , Balamuth Fran , Levas Michael N. , Chenard Rachel L. , Maulden Alexandra B. , Garro Aris C. ,   for Pedi Lyme Net
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:

To make initial management decisions, clinicians must estimate the probability of Lyme disease before diagnostic test results are available. Our objective was to examine the accuracy of clinician suspicion for Lyme disease in children undergoing evaluation for Lyme disease.

METHODS:

We assembled a prospective cohort of children aged 1 to 21 years who were evaluated for Lyme disease at 1 of the 5 participating emergency departments. Treating physicians were asked to estimate the probability of Lyme disease (on a 10-point scale). We defined a Lyme disease case as a patient with an erythema migrans lesion or positive 2-tiered serology results in a patient with compatible symptoms. We calculated the area under the curve for the receiver operating curve as a measure of the ability of clinician suspicion to diagnose Lyme disease.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 1021 children with a median age of 9 years (interquartile range, 5–13 years). Of these, 238 (23%) had Lyme disease. Clinician suspicion had a minimal ability to discriminate between children with and without Lyme disease: area under the curve, 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.79). Of the 554 children who the treating clinicians thought were unlikely to have Lyme disease (score 1–3), 65 (12%) had Lyme disease, and of the 127 children who the treating clinicians thought were very likely to have Lyme disease (score 8–10), 39 (31%) did not have Lyme disease.

CONCLUSIONS:

Because clinician suspicion had only minimal accuracy for the diagnosis of Lyme disease, laboratory confirmation is required to avoid both under- and overdiagnosis.
Reflexões sobre o corpo “intimamente estranho” a partir do Diário de um corpo, de Daniel Pennac
Authors: Perissé Gabriel
Published: November 2017

Do ponto de vista da antropologia teológica, o corpo humano não é uma parte, mais ou menos descartável, do ser humano. Somos corpo. Esta realidade se expressa de modo literário no Diário de um corpo, do escritor francês Daniel Pennac. Por ser uma obra literária em nada devedora de umavisão cristã (ao contrário), pode contribuir para uma abordagem o mais possível “isenta” de conclusões prévias. Nesta reflexão, importa captar como, e por que, a experiência corporal é imprescindível para a nossa autocompreensão.
A experiência humana da morte e a esperança cristã no testemunho de Edith Stein
Authors: Brustolin Leomar Antonio , Teixeira Patrícia Espíndola de Lima
Published: November 2017

Consciente de sua finitude, a pessoa humana traz em si a vontade de eternidade. Com a percepção de ser finito, o ser humano compreende que o viver comporta o morrer. Em diferentes instâncias, a sociedade contemporânea tem evitado a consciência de finitude, gerando seres que agem como ilimitados. A busca pela significância da morte, provoca também, o questionamento sobre o sentido da vida. O presente artigo aborda a experiência humana como uma pedagogia, um caminho condutor ao sentido da morte à luz do cristianismo. Para isso, analisa na essência cristã o valor da conversão, da comunhão e da esperança eterna. Como ilustração desse processo, o texto faz uma breve investigação sobre a experiência da morte no testemunho de conversão e martírio da filósofa alemã Edith Stein (1891-1942). Edith Stein tem sua vida interrompida em Auschwitz durante a II Guerra Mundial. O híbrido vida e obra steiniana carrega a marca do período entre guerras,  pontando para o valor inegociável da vida humana e pela verdade da fé. Unida a cruz de Cristo, a quem compreendeu como o Verbo Encarnado, Morto e Ressuscitado, percorreu o caminho do sentido com a certeza de que a glória da ressurreição, passa pelo significado salvífico da cruz.
Ascensão da consciência e fé na humanidade: o ecumenismo e o diálogo inter-religioso de Teilhard de Chardin e os Papas em Assis
Authors: Eufrásio Thiago De Moliner , Fontana Leandro Luis Bedin
Published: November 2017

Com o intuito de apurar a compreensão e reflexão acerca da pluralidade religiosa, o presente artigo ocupa-se com os temas do ecumenismo e do diálogo inter-religioso. Para tanto, serve-se de um opúsculo de duas páginas escrito em 1946 pelo jesuíta francês Teilhard de Chardin que versa sobre esses temas. O fato de a teoria chardiniana a esse respeito não ser muito conhecida e desenvolver, inclusive, uma concepção e terminologia próprias gera questões e é motivo de investigação. Terá a perspectiva de Chardin ultrapassado os umbrais do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II, encontrando-se com os papas em Assis? Serão os papas, com seus discursos, realizadores do que refletira Chardin décadas antes? São interrogações que norteiam a investigação, apontando para a dimensão relacional do ser humano cujo polo de moção e atração é o amor, o Cristo-Ômega. O método consistirá na comparação da teoria chardiniana com os discursos papais dos encontros inter-religiosos pela paz em Assis (1986, 2011 e 2016), visando estabelecer uma relação entre essa teoria pré-conciliar e os discursos pós-conciliares à luz do próprio Concílio Vaticano II.
Curso de Teologia
Authors: Teocomunicação Equipe
Published: November 2017

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Norwegian masse: from measure noun to quantifier
Authors: Kinn Torodd
Published: November 2017

For a little more than a century, a new quantifier has been developing in Norwegian: masse ‘a lot, lots, many, much’. The article compares the quantifier to its source noun masse ‘matter, mass, large amount’. The historical development is studied based on several corpora. The development of a new quantifier is seen in the larger picture of the variability of measure noun constructions and the tendency for certain kinds of measure nouns to grammaticalize into quantifiers.
Resistivity profiles of Perth soil in Australia in leak-detection test
Authors: Pandey Lopa Mudra S , Shukla Sanjay Kumar , Habibi Daryoush
Published: November 2017

The use of a suitable leak-detection system for the prevention and mitigation of pollution due to lining system failures is integral to the proper management of landfill facilities. This paper briefly summarises various methods of leak detection that are currently being practised. The details of a newly developed leak-detection technique are also presented. The tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the new technique by use of controlled leakage. The resulting resistivity profiles for Perth soil in Australia were obtained at 10 min. This method is found to be effective in detecting and locating liner leakage issues within 30 min from the instant when the defect develops. The electrical resistivity decreases with an increase in the leakage duration. The resistivity was found to increase with an increase in the distance/depth from the leak point. Installation of this innovative detection system below liners can enable the various waste containment facilities, such as landfills and leachate ponds, to monitor the lining systems and in case of failures, to take timely action for hazard mitigation. Results presented in this study can be useful for further development of sensors for leakage detection in lining systems.
Review and design policy of sight distance types for the interurban highway system
Authors: Bassan Shy
Published: November 2017

The paper introduces design policies, model developments and the implementation of sight distances (SDs) in the interurban highway network in Israel. The SD types are stopping sight distance (SSD), decision sight distance (DSD), passing sight distance (PSD) and constrained passing sight distance (CPSD). In Israel, the implementation of SDs was resolved on the basis of highway categories included in the interurban highway system. The paper reviews and documents the developments of highway design parameters and constructed models of the SD types, specifically the perception–reaction time and deceleration coefficient required for SSD, DSD model formation and innovative concepts related to CPSD based on PSD model components. Compared with US design policy, the Israeli design policy resulted in slightly lower design values for SSD, DSD and PSD, but higher CPSD design values. The paper also refers to SD considerations that might impact the construction stages of a highway project. The developments presented are an outcome of the new Israeli geometric design policy and controls for rural (interurban) highways.
A 20-year prospective follow-up study to evaluate the development of retinopathy and nephropathy after the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus: Contribution of glycemic control and metabolic memory
Authors: Bolotskaya L L , Bessmertnaya E G , Shestakova M V , Shamkhalova M Sh , Nikankina L V , Ilyin A V , Glek I S , Zolotukhin A V , Dedov I I
Published: November 2017

Aim. To assess the time course of changes in the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for 20 years after the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to compare its correlation with the development of microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Subjects and methods. A total of 187 children with new-onset T1DM were registered in Moscow in 1994. During the 20-year follow-up study, these patients underwent regular check-ups at the Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, which included assessment of physical data, HbA1c 2-4 times a year, biochemical blood and albuminuria tests (once per year), and ophthalmologic examination (twice a year). A total of 155 people fully completed the 20-years follow-up study. Results. During the 20-year follow-up period after the onset of T1DM, 86 of the 155 patients developed microvascular complications: DR and DN in 86 (55.5%) and 24 (15.5%) cases, respectively; while DR concurrent with DN were noted in 20 patients. By the time of their last visit, 69 (44.5%) patients had no evidence suggesting the presence of microvascular complications. The level of HbA1c at the onset of the disease in patients who later developed the complications was higher than in those without complications (10.2±0.6 and 8.5±0.2%, respectively (p = 0.003). The statistically significant differences in HbA1c levels between the groups persisted during subsequent 15 years of follow-up, averaging 9.2±1.5, 9.7±0.9, and 8.1±0.7% after 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively, in the complication group and 7.1±0.3, 8.1±0.4, and 7.2±0.2% in the non-complication group (p < 0.01). Over the last 5 years of the follow-up, the mean HbA1c level between the groups was not significantly different, which at the end of the 20-year follow-up period was 7.8±0.3 and 7.4±0.6%, respectively (p > 0.05). The mean duration of T1DM, in which DR developed, was 9.6±6.2, 11.0±2.0, and 13.6±4.6 years for the non-proliferative, pre-proliferative, and proliferative stages, respectively. That of T1DM, in which DN developed, was 11.8±0.6 years for microalbuminuria and 16.1±1.3 years for macroalbuminuria. Conclusion. The 20-year clinical follow-up of patients who had fallen ill with T1DM in childhood showed that diabetic microangiopathies developed with the long-term preservation of poor blood glucose control (BGC) starting at the onset of the disease. At the same time, the complications progressed to more severe stages, despite a clear trend toward better BGC. This may be suggestive of the negative metabolic memory phenomenon, which necessitates stable BGC, starting at the onset of the disease, for the prevention of microvascular complications.
A Study of the Historical Development and Directions of Premedical Education
Authors: Jung Hanna , Yang Eunbae B.
Published: November 2017

Despite the importance of how the premedical education curriculum is organized, the basic direction of the curriculum has not been evaluated at a fundamental level. In order to explore the basic directions of the premedical education curriculum, this study examined medical education as a university education, the historical basis of premedical education, and the direction of the premedical education curriculum. Historically, as medical education was incorporated into the university education system, premedical education developed based on basic science and liberal arts education. Accordingly, the direction of the premedical education curriculum began to split into two approaches: one believing in a basic science-based education intended to serve as the foundation of medical training, and the other believing in a liberal arts-based education intended to cultivate the qualities of a doctor. In recent years, however, the binary division in the direction of premedical education has ceased to exist, and the paradigm has now shifted to an agreement that premedical education must cultivate the basic scientific competence required for learning medical knowledge as well as the social qualities that a doctor should have, which are cultivated through the liberal arts. Furthermore, it has been asserted that the direction of premedical education should move toward the qualities that will be required in the future. With the fourth industrial revolution underway, the role of doctors is now being re-examined. This means that today’s medical education must change in a future-oriented way, and the direction of the premedical education curriculum must be on the same page.
Introduction of Premedical Curriculum at the College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
Authors: Yoo Dong-Mi , Kang Wha Sun
Published: November 2017

Premed education in the college of medicine at the Catholic University of Korea aims to promote student creativity and excellence in accordance with the mission of the college: to have a sense of calling, leadership, and competency. The Catholic Medical College premed curriculum includes 75 credits which are composed of 65 credits for required courses and 10 credits for elective courses. It consists of courses in basic science, medical science, liberal arts and humanities (premedical OMNIBUS). It also involves community programs in ‘Vision and Mission,’ ‘Leadership Training,’ and ‘Academic Conference.’ In addition, students are allowed self-directed choice of their courses and learning for one quarter.
Analysis of Students’ Reflective Journals on Medical Communication Role Plays
Authors: Kim Young Jon , Lee Seung Hyun , Yoo Hyo Hyun
Published: November 2017

This study explores the phenomenon of learner reflection in writing. Sixty-nine reflection logs were submitted by students after medical interview role plays. Using thematic analysis methodology, the following three steps were carried out: (1) the entire contents of the logs were analyzed and coded, (2) the coded contents were reclassified and categorized into higher themes, and (3) all reflection logs were re-analyzed to derive the frequency according to their classifications. The learners’ reflection contents were classified into ‘preparation,’ ‘experience,’ and ‘future plan.’ The levels of reflection were ‘simple information and appreciation,’ ‘acquisition and application of knowledge,’ and ‘analysis and criticism.’ The types of reflection were identified only at the level of ‘analysis and criticism’ and could be classified into ‘relativization,’ ‘objectification,’ and ‘internalization.’ Students’ reflection levels were highest in the levels of ‘acquisition and application of knowledge’ (49.3%), and ‘analysis and criticism’ (37.7%). A total of 14.5% of the students showed ‘internalization.’ In order to enable internalized reflection at a critical level, instructional strategies to induce and promote reflection are needed.
Robuste modellprädiktive Regelung von Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Brecher Christian , Berners Thomas , Epple Alexander
Published: November 2017

Die modellprädiktive Regelung erfährt dank steigender Rechenleistung und genauerer mathematischer Maschinenmodelle eine zunehmende Aufmerksamkeit in technischen Anwendungen. Im Zusammenhang mit Werkzeugmaschinen kommen jedoch weiterhin hauptsächlich P- und PI-Regler zum Einsatz. Deshalb stellt dieser Beitrag eine modellprädiktive Regelung für den Lageregelkreis von Vorschub­antrieben in Werkzeugmaschinen vor. Ein Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei auf einer ausreichenden Robustheit hinsichtlich Modellfehlern, wobei ebenfalls die Dynamik des Positioniervorgangs erhöht werden soll. Die Auslegung der Regelung erfolgt hinsichtlich der Robustheit mittels strukturiertem Singulärwert. In experimen­tellen Validierungen wird gezeigt, dass die modellprädiktive Regelung sowohl die Anforderungen an die Robustheit erfüllt als auch eine erhöhte Dynamik der Vorschubachse ermöglicht.
Характеристики коллективной памяти в контексте социально-психологических особенностей двух поколений
Authors: Емельянова Татьяна Петровна , Дробышева Татьяна Валерьевна
Published: November 2017

В статье представлены результаты сравнительного исследования двух поколенческих групп. Изучалось (согласно периодизации Ю. А. Левады) поколение «шестидесятников» (годы рождения 1944–1968) и поколение X (годы рождения 1969–1984). Целью исследования было проведение сравнительного анализа коллективной памяти представителей двух поколений в связи с их социально-психологическими особенностями. Использовались следующие методики: шкальный опросник «Исторические периоды прошлого, значимые для настоящего», шкалы оценки социальной идентичности, методики «Связь времен», «Ценностные ориентации», авторские разработки «Значимость поколений», «Характеристики поколений». Опрашивались представители двух поколений. Первая группа — представители поколения «шестидесятников» (50 чел.). Из них: 52% — женщины, 48% — мужчины. Вторая группа — представители поколения X (50 чел.). Из них: 51% — женщины, 49% — мужчины. Согласно результатам исследования, обе группы сходны по базовым ЦО — здоровье и счастливая семейная жизнь. В остальном ценностная структура групп различалась: у «шестидесятников» — высокая значимость материальных ценностей, ценностей любви, интересной работы и познания. У поколения Х обнаружен прагматичный и индивидуалистичный характер ценностной структуры. Респонденты обеих групп, в большей степени, идентифицируют себя со своим поколением, россиянами и поколением родителей. По сравнению с группой поколения Х «шестидесятники» проявили более высокий уровень идентичности со своим поколением, россиянами, и человечеством в целом. Поколение «шестидесятников» чаще, чем поколение Х разделяет мнение о существовании причинно-следственных связей между различными эпохами в истории России. Предпочтения «шестидесятниками» дореволюционной истории (преобразования времен Петра I, екатерининская эпоха, время Александра II) свидетельствуют об их интересе к переломным, открывающим новые цивилизационные перспективы этапам отечественной истории, в отличие от поколения Х, у которого меньше выражен интерес к историческому прошлому.

 
Шекспир в кино: национальное и глобальное
Authors: Гайдин Борис Николаевич
Published: November 2017

В статье рассматривается специфика влияния творчества У. Шекспира на современный кинематограф на примере двух художественных фильмов («Мой личный штат Айдахо» Гаса Ван Сента и «Изображая жертву» К. С. Серебренникова). Автор затрагивает проблему определения понятия «мировое кино» и анализирует характер соединения национального и глобального в «шекспировском кино». Отмечается, что шекспировское наследие может проявляться в кинематографе не только в диалоге режиссера с Шекспиром, но и в полилоге с другими режиссерами, писателями, исследователями, деятелями культуры и искусства, которые внесли свой вклад в национальные традиции рецепции сочинений британского драматурга и поэта. Различные отсылки к Шекспиру, по мнению автора, могут использоваться для подчеркивания наднационального характера проблематики, затрагиваемой режиссерами в своих кинокартинах.
The geomorphological role of snow since the Little Ice Age in the Sierra de Ancares (NW Spain)
Authors: Carrera-Gómez P. , Valcárcel M.
Published: November 2017

On the Pico Cuiña cirque, Sierra de Ancares (León, Spain), the seasonal snow cover undergoes both slow and rapid mass displacements. Push associated with moving snow is responsible for an intense geomorphological activity, which is characterised by the plucking and transport of fragments of the bedrock, the abrasion of rock surfaces and the deposition of the mobilized material. Pronival ramparts are the most characteristic accumulation geoform created by pushing snow. Its study enabled us to verify the functionality of the nival processes and to prove the relative antiquity of some of them. The use of lichenometric techniques, based on the prior construction of a growth curve for lichens of the Rhizocarpon subgenus, has made possible to date sectors of the pronival ramparts. Lichenometric dates show a series of events of geomorphic activity of the snow cover fitting chronologically within the so-called Little Ice Age. It can be deduced from the observation of the current geomorphic dynamics of the snow cover that, although Little Ice Age temperature decrease might be important, particularly in the summer, the role of the variations in snow precipitation must be also taken into consideration.
Role of FNAC in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Janagam Chandralekha , Atla Bhagyalakshmi
Published: November 2017

Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest presentations in inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive OPD technique used for establishing the etiology of cervical lymphadenopathy. In this study we describe cytomorphological patterns of cervical lymph nodes and its utility in establishing diagnosis. Objectives of present study were to assess the distribution of various cytomorphological patterns of cervical lymphadenopathy and to assess the age specific distribution of various cytomorphological patterns of cervical lymphadenopathy.Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Andhra Medical College on 200 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy over a period of three months from August - October 2017. FNAC diagnosis was correlated with relevant clinical findings and investigations.Results: Total 200 cases were studied. Of these, 170 (85%) were inflammatory and 30 (15%) were neoplastic. Reactive non-specific lymphadenitis was the most common disease found in 95 (47.5%) patients followed by tuberculous lymphadenitis in 60 patients (30%) and granulomatous lymphadenitis in 15 patients (7.5%). Among neoplastic lesions, metastatic tumours were reported in 26 patients (13%) and Lymphoproliferative disorder/Lymphoma was reported in 4 patients (2%). Highest incidence of cervical lymphadenopathy was found in patients of 10-39 years age group, among which most of the cases were non-specific lymphadenitis followed by tuberculous lymphadenitis. Amongst the neoplastic lesions, most of the cases were in the age group of 40-79 years.Conclusions: FNAC is simple, safe, reliable procedure for diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.
Brakes on the accelerator: the journey of accelerator hypothesis from “the missing link” to “an evolving concept”
Authors: Dayal Devi , Muthuvel Balasubramaniyan
Published: November 2017

The incidence of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased significantly over the past few decades but the causes for this increase are poorly understood and hence the strategies for preventing T1D are difficult to design. T1D is characterised by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells resulting in insulin deficiency as opposed to Type 2 diabetes (T2D) characterised by weight driven insulin resistance (IR). The accelerator hypothesis (AH), proposed by the late Prof Terence Wilkin in 2001 offers an alternative mechanism for T1D and a different approach to prevention of T1D. This hypothesis considers both T1D and T2D as one and proposes that obesity driven IR is the key factor that may lead to either type of diabetes. It thus offers an easy explanation for the increasing worldwide incidence of childhood diabetes which is paralleled by the increase in childhood obesity rates. However, one of the key predictions of AH that the obesity related IR accelerates the onset of diabetes and hence heavier children should develop diabetes at a younger age, has remained a matter of debate since the hypothesis was first proposed. Since the inception of AH, the results of a number of studies which aimed at testing the hypothesis in diverse patient populations have shown support or opposed this key prediction. This article discusses the relevance of AH in the context of data from these studies.
Pattern of geriatric dermatoses at a tertiary care center in North-East India
Authors: Kshetrimayum Sandhyarani , Thokchom Nandakishore Singh , . Vanlalhriatpuii , Hafi N. A. Bishurul
Published: November 2017

Background: The aging population is dramatically increasing with the increase in the average life. It is faced with different health problems which include skin as well. The aim was to study the clinical pattern of geriatric dermatoses and associated systemic diseases.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 18 months to study the pattern of geriatric dermatoses on 250 geriatric patients aged above 60 years attending Dermatology OPD, RIMS, Imphal.

Results: Out of 250 patients 136 were males and 114 were females. The mean age was 67.28 years and the male to female ratio was 1.19:1. Majority of the patients belonged to the 60-69 age group (66%). 63.2% had the dermatosis for more than 1 month before presentation. The most common dermatoses were: infections (26.4%), eczemas (22.4%), papulosquamous (10.4%), photodermatoses (8.0%) and infestations (6.8%). Herpes zoster (13.2%) and superficial fungal infections (7.6%) was the most common infections. Lichen simplex chronicus (6%). was the main form of eczema. Psoriasis (6%) and lichen planus (4.4%) were the common papulosquamous disorders. Chronic actinic dermatitis (6%) represented as the main pattern of photodermatoses. Uncommon disorders were tumors (4%), immunobullous (2.6%), drug reaction (2.4%), vitiligo (2%) and alopecia areata (0.8%). Main co-morbid systemic diseases were hypertension (16.4%) and diabetes mellitus (6.8%).

Conclusions: Different disease entities in the elderly demands different approach to management. Contributing factors like neglect, delay in seeking treatment, co-morbidities have to be properly addressed. Health education on proper skin care, avoidance of irritants and self-medication etc would help reduce the incidence of common dermatoses.
Etnicidad maya en Yucatán: balances y nuevas rutas de investigación
Authors: Llanes Salazar Rodrigo
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las diversas expresiones de la etnicidad maya en Yucatán. El análisis se basa en la investigación de campo —incluyendo observación participante, entrevistas a profundidad, historias de vida, consulta de documentos— en Mérida y otras localidades de Yucatán entre 2009 y 2015, así como en la revisión de la literatura sobre la etnicidad maya en dicho estado. De este modo, el trabajo articula analíticamente los resultados de distintas investigaciones sobre el tema y muestra que si bien la etnicidad maya en Yucatán tiene una base común —los actores étnicos se identifican a sí mismos como mayas, se reconocen como herederos de los mayas prehispánicos y se distinguen de los no-indígenas—, también tiene diversas expresiones —políticas, económicas, jurídicas— con distintos alcances. En el artículo ofrezco elementos teóricos para entender el surgimiento de la etnicidad maya y sus diversas expresiones. En la investigación también se identificaron expresiones recientes de la etnicidad maya, como las vinculadas al impacto de las ciencias sociales y de fundaciones empresariales, que aún no han sido cabalmente investigadas y que se presentan en este trabajo como rutas de investigación.
Rancang Bangun Jangkar Motor DC
Authors: Yuski Moh. Nur , Hadi Widyono , Saleh Azmi
Published: November 2017

Motor Dc adalah salah satu motor listrik yang saat ini sering digunakan. Dengan kemajuan teknologi saat ini motor DC dituntut untuk memiliki karakteristik yang handal dan efesien. Untuk memperoleh karateristik yang handal dan efisien telah banyak dilakukan pengaturan dan modifikasi terhadap motor DC, baik pada Stator maupun padaRotor (jangkar). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan rancang bangung jangkar motor DC agar memperoleh karakteristik motor yang handal dan efisien. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan merubah sudut dan arah alur jangkar Motor Dc. Motor dc normal yang awalanya memiliki alur lurus dirubah arahnya ke kanan dan ke kiri sebesar 30 o. Hasil yang diperoleh dari hasil pengujian motor dc tanpa menggunakan beban dengan motor dc bekerja saat tegangan nominal 24 V, diperoeleh karateristik arus dan daya pada motor DC Normal, miring Ke kanan dan miring ke kiri sama yaitu sebesar 0,17 A dan 4,08 watt. Sedangkan untuk karakteristik nilai RPM dan Torsi saat motor DC bekerja pada tegangan nominal 24 v, diperoleh nilai yang berbeda untuk motor dc normal 3569 RPM dan 0,01092 Nm, untuk motor DC miring kanan 3823 RPM dan 0,0102 Nm, serta untuk motor dc miring kiri 3849 RPM dan 0,0102 Nm. Dengan memiringkan alur jangkar sebesar 30 derajat akan memperoleh nilai RPM yang lebih besar dibanding dengan alur lurus baik ke dimiringkan ke kanan maupun ke kiri. Sedangkan untuk nilai torsi alur lurus memiliki nilai torsi yang lebih besar dibanding dengan alur jangkar yang telah dimiringkan 30 derajat baik ke kanan maupun ke kiri. Dengan besar sudut alur jangkar dan arah sudut berbeda memiliki nilai RPM dan Torsi yang sama.

Kata Kunci: Motor DC, Jangkar , Alur, Sudut, RPM, Torsi.
Peramalan Kapasitas Baterai Lead Acid pada Mobil Listrik Berbasis Levenberg Marquardt Neural Network
Authors: Udin Mambak , Kaloko Bambang Sri , Hardianto Triwahju
Published: November 2017

Salah satu pembahasan dalam penelitian mobil listrik adalah sumber energi atau baterai. Baterai pada mobil listrik mempunyai kapasitas yang terbatas sehingga harus dilakukan pengisian ulang agar mobil listrik tetap bisa berjalan jauh. Keadaan ini bila tidak segera diatasi bisa menyebabkan baterai tiba – tiba habis ditengah jalan. Tentu hal ini membuat cemas dan tidak nyaman bagi pengguna mobil listrik. Oleh karena itu diperlukan peramalan kapasitas baterai agar diketahui kapan waktunya untuk mengisi ulang baterai atau bahkan menggantinya. Penelitian ini membahas peramalan kapasitas baterai mobil listrik berbasis kecerdasan buatan levenberg marquardt neural network, serta membandingkan dengan sistem recurrent neural network. Kondisi mobil listrik menggunakan tiga kondisi beban yaitu kecepatan maksimal, akselerasi awal, dan tanjakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peramalan sisa kapasitas baterai saat kecepatan maksimal setelah pemakaian selama 30 menit, sisa kapasitas baterai yang dapat digunakan diramalkan dengan backpropagation sebesar 61 Ah, dengan recurrent sebesar 60,5 Ah. Sedangkan target kapasitas sebesar 59,6 Ah. Sehingga metode terbaik dalam meramalkan kapasitas baterai adalah menggunakan recurrent neural network.

Kata Kunci: Baterai lead acid, levenberg marquardt, mobil listrik, neural network, peramalan.