bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active Green Constructions and Their Impact on Gray Infrastructure
Authors: Kaposztasova Daniela , Lavkova Cakyova Katarina , Vertal Marian , Vranayova Zuzana , Burdova Eva Kridlova
Published: January 2024

Addressing climate change necessitates a conscious transition toward sustainable infrastructure solutions. Our vision involved transforming an experimental area into the University Experimental Center. This experimental building serves as a model for gray infrastructure implementation, taking into account its dimensions, layout, flooring, and material composition. Our study aims to compare the retention capacities of various types of vegetated roofs, as determined by different legislations. The findings indicate that the outcomes vary based on the regulations used. This variation subsequently influences the design of associated infrastructures, such as rainwater drainage systems, and the design of stressed structures. This is due to the impact of water quantity on the thermal response of a stressed structure. The water used to irrigate the vegetation layer, along with the water retained by the upper roof, has a positive impact on both the building and its surroundings. Initially, the system comprised two functional components: vegetated roofs and a reference roof. The integrated experimental roof shell, in conjunction with the frame, forms an autonomous system. This system serves as a segment for quantifying water retention, humidity, and temperature across diverse green infrastructure substrates. We analyzed the thermal response of experimental roof constructions and monitored the influence of water and precipitation. Our results indicate that the height of the substrate affects not only the retention capacity but also the thermal response of the vegetated roof.
First Impressions on Three-Dimensional Printing with Earth-Based Mortar at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto
Authors: Buson Márcio , Varum Humberto , Rezende Marco Antônio
Published: January 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing with earth-based mortar is still under development and faces challenges. Optimising the mortar mixture, improving structural strength, determining the relationship between the printing speed and the amount of extruded material, and ensuring long-term durability are areas that are being refined. Additionally, regulatory and certification issues must also be considered to ensure the safety and compliance of 3D printed structures. This paper presents for discussion the records, analyses, studies, and considerations regarding initial initiatives involving 3D printing with the extrusion of earth-based mortar developed at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP). Through this work, it was possible to strengthen and reaffirm that 3D printing with earth-based mortar has significant potential in the construction industry and that the incorporation of dispersed kraft paper fibres from the recycling of cement bags is an excellent resource to achieve good constructability in 3D printing with earth-based mortar.
Feasibility of Monitoring Response to Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treatment with a Methylation-Based Circulating Tumor DNA Approach
Authors: Büttner Thomas , Dietrich Dimo , Zarbl Romina , Klümper Niklas , Ellinger Jörg , Krausewitz Philipp , Ritter Manuel
Published: January 2024

Background: Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCA) poses challenges in treatment response assessment, particularly in cases where prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels do not reliably indicate a response. Liquid biopsy, focusing on circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) methylation analysis as a proxy for circulating tumor DNA, offers a non-invasive and cost-effective approach. This study explores the potential of two methylation markers, short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) and Septin 9 (SEPT9), as on-mPCA-treatment biomarkers. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 11 mPCA patients undergoing various treatments. Quantitative assessment of hypermethylated SHOX2 (mSHOX2) and SEPT9 (mSEPT9) levels in ccfDNA was conducted through methylation-specific real-time PCR. Early and overall dynamics of PSA, mSHOX2, and mSEPT9 were analyzed. Statistical evaluation employed Wilcoxon tests. Results: mSHOX2 demonstrated a significant decline post-treatment in patients with a radiographic treatment response as well as in an early treatment setting. mSEPT9 and PSA exhibited non-significant declines. In individual cases, biomarker dynamics revealed unique patterns compared to PSA. Discussion: mSHOX2 and mSEPT9 exhibit dynamics on mPCA treatment. This proof-of-concept study lays the groundwork for further investigation into these markers as valuable additions to treatment response monitoring in mPCA. Further validation in larger cohorts is essential for establishing clinical utility.
Anatomical and Biological Considerations to Determine Resectability in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Rompen Ingmar F. , Habib Joseph R. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Javed Ammar A.
Published: January 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains associated with poor outcomes with a 5-year survival of 12% across all stages of the disease. These poor outcomes are driven by a delay in diagnosis and an early propensity for systemic dissemination of the disease. Recently, aggressive surgical approaches involving complex vascular resections and reconstructions have become more common, thus allowing more locally advanced tumors to be resected. Unfortunately, however, even after the completion of surgery and systemic therapy, approximately 40% of patients experience early recurrence of disease. To determine resectability, many institutions utilize anatomical staging systems based on the presence and extent of vascular involvement of major abdominal vessels around the pancreas. However, these classification systems are based on anatomical considerations only and do not factor in the burden of systemic disease. By integrating the biological criteria, we possibly could avoid futile resections often associated with significant morbidity. Especially patients with anatomically resectable disease who have a heavy burden of radiologically undetected systemic disease most likely do not derive a survival benefit from resection. On the contrary, we could offer complex resections to those who have locally advanced or oligometastatic disease but have favorable systemic biology and are most likely to benefit from resection. This review summarizes the current literature on defining anatomical and biological resectability in patients with pancreatic cancer.
RETRACTED: Liu et al. Prediction of Ovarian Cancer Response to Therapy Based on Deep Learning Analysis of Histopathology Images. Cancers 2023, 15, 4044
Authors: Liu Yuexin , Lawson Barrett C. , Huang Xuelin , Broom Bradley M. , Weinstein John N.
Published: January 2024

The journal and authors wish to retract the article entitled ‘Prediction of Ovarian Cancer Response to Therapy Based on Deep Learning Analysis of Histopathology Images’ cited above [...]
The Association between Red Meat Consumption and Advanced Colorectal Adenomas in a Population Undergoing a Screening-Related Colonoscopy in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Farah Eliya , Hutchinson John M. , Ruan Yibing , O’Sullivan Dylan E. , Hilsden Robert J. , Brenner Darren R.
Published: January 2024

The association between red meat consumption and colorectal cancer has been rigorously examined. However, a more comprehensive understanding of how the intake of unprocessed red meat contributes to the development of early precancerous colorectal lesions, such as advanced colorectal adenomas (ACRAs), requires further investigation. We examined the associations between different types of red meat intake and ACRAs in a sample population of 1083 individuals aged ≥ 50 years undergoing an initial screening colonoscopy in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Associations between grams per day of total, processed, and unprocessed red meat from diet history questionnaires and ACRAs were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression models. We also applied cubic spline models fitted with three knots (10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles) to identify potential nonlinear associations. We did not observe a meaningful association between unprocessed red meat intake and the presence of ACRAs. In contrast, for every 10 g/d increase in total and processed meat intake, we observed an increase in the odds of ACRAs at the screening colonoscopy (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% [CI = 1.01–1.09], p = 0.04) and (adjusted OR = 1.11, 95% [CI = 1.02–1.20], p = 0.02), respectively. This study highlights the importance of differentiating between types of red meat consumption in the context of dietary risks associated with ACRAs.
Breast Cancer in the Tissue of the Contralateral Breast Reduction
Authors: Kuijlaars Zoë M. A. , Hillberg Nadine S. , Kooreman Loes , Severens Rijvers Carmen A. H. , Qiu Shan Shan
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, and the increasing number of survivors is due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Consequently, the risk of developing contralateral breast cancer (CBC) among these survivors has become a concern. While surgical intervention with lumpectomy is a widely used primary approach for breast cancer, post-operative breast asymmetry is a potential concern. Many women opt for symmetrizing reduction procedures to improve aesthetic outcomes and quality of life. However, despite careful radiological screening, there is a chance of accidentally finding CBC. To address this, tissue excised during symmetrizing surgery is examined pathologically. In some cases, CBC or in situ lesions have been incidentally discovered in these specimens, prompting a need for a more thorough examination. Resection in pieces and the absence of surgical marking and pathological inking of the margin have made it challenging to precisely identify tumor location and assess tumor size and margin status, hampering adjuvant treatment decisions. A new protocol introduced in July 2022 aims to enhance the precision of CBC diagnosis, allowing for tailored treatment plans, including re-excision, systemic adjuvant therapy, or radiation therapy.
Novel Insights into the Initiation, Evolution, and Progression of Multiple Myeloma by Multi-Omics Investigation
Authors: Gong Lixin , Qiu Lugui , Hao Mu
Published: January 2024

The evolutionary history of multiple myeloma (MM) includes malignant transformation, followed by progression to pre-malignant stages and overt malignancy, ultimately leading to more aggressive and resistant forms. Over the past decade, large effort has been made to identify the potential therapeutic targets in MM. However, MM remains largely incurable. Most patients experience multiple relapses and inevitably become refractory to treatment. Tumor-initiating cell populations are the postulated population, leading to the recurrent relapses in many hematological malignancies. Clonal evolution of tumor cells in MM has been identified along with the disease progression. As a consequence of different responses to the treatment of heterogeneous MM cell clones, the more aggressive populations survive and evolve. In addition, the tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem which plays multifaceted roles in supporting tumor cell evolution. Emerging multi-omics research at single-cell resolution permits an integrative and comprehensive profiling of the tumor cells and microenvironment, deepening the understanding of biological features of MM. In this review, we intend to discuss the novel insights into tumor cell initiation, clonal evolution, drug resistance, and tumor microenvironment in MM, as revealed by emerging multi-omics investigations. These data suggest a promising strategy to unravel the pivotal mechanisms of MM progression and enable the improvement in treatment, both holistically and precisely.
The Use of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Overcoming and Modulating Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Patients with Skin Cancer
Authors: Vongsavath Tahne , Rahmani Rodd , Tun Kyaw Min , Manne Vignan
Published: January 2024

While immune checkpoint inhibitors have evolved into the standard of care for advanced melanoma, 40–50% of melanoma cases progress while on therapies. The relationship between bacterium and carcinogenesis is well founded, such as in H. pylori in gastric cancers, and Fusobacterium in colorectal cancers. This interplay between dysbiosis and carcinogenesis questions whether changes in the microbiome could affect treatment. Thus, FMT may find utility in modifying the efficacy of anti-PD-1. This review aims to examine the use of FMT in treatment-resistant melanoma. A literature search was performed using the keywords “fecal microbiota transplant” and “skin cancer”. Studies were reviewed for inclusion criteria and quality and in the final stage, and three studies were included. Overall objective responses were reported in 65% of patients who were able to achieve CR, and 45% who achieved PR. Clinical benefit rate of combined CR/PR with stable disease greater or equal to 6 months was 75%. Reported objective responses found durable stable disease lasting 12 months. Overall survival was 7 months, and overall PRS was 3 months. As for the evaluation of safety, many patients reported grade 1–2 FMT related AE. Only following the administration of anti-PD-1 therapy were there a grade 3 or higher AE.
The Various Roles of PEDF in Cancer
Authors: Elmi Mitra , Dass Joshua H. , Dass Crispin R.
Published: January 2024

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a natural immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour growth and anti-metastasis factor, which can enhance tumour response to PEDF but can also conversely have pro-cancerous effects. Inflammation is a major cause of cancer, and it has been proven that PEDF has anti-inflammatory properties. PEDF’s functional activity can be investigated through measuring metastatic and metabolic biomarkers that will be discussed in this review.
Radiotherapy of Oligometastatic Cancers
Authors: Alongi Filippo , Gaito Simona
Published: January 2024

The enhanced multidisciplinary treatment approach and the widespread use of advanced imaging techniques have led to an improvement in survival rates, inevitably associated with an increase in the number of oligometastatic diagnoses in cancer patients [...]
Manganese- and Nitrogen-Doped Biomass-Based Carbons as Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Plavniece Ance , Kaare Kätlin , Simkunaitė Dijana , Balciunaite Aldona , Jasulaitiene Vitalija , Niaura Gediminas , Volperts Aleksandrs , Dobele Galina , Colmenares-Rausseo Luis César , Kruusenberg Ivar , Tamasauskaite-Tamasiunaite Loreta , Norkus Eugenijus
Published: January 2024

Manganese- and nitrogen-doped carbon materials were produced using NaOH-activated wood char and wood-processing residues such as wood chips and black liquor and evaluated as oxygen reduction catalysts for further application in fuel cells or metal–air batteries. The elemental and chemical composition, with special attention given to types of nitrogen bonds and the structure, morphology, and porosity of the obtained catalyst materials were studied. The catalytic activity was assessed in an alkaline medium using the rotating-disk electrode method. It has been shown that synthesized and doped N-Mn catalytic materials based on biomass precursors with different chemical structures are a promising alternative to modern oxygen reduction catalysts based on precious metals.
Prospective Approach to Deciphering the Impact of Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer from Human Neural Stem Cells and Brain Tumor-Initiating Cells to Neighboring Astrocytes
Authors: Boyineni Jerusha , Wood Jason Michael , Ravindra Aditya , Boley Ethan , Donohue Sarah E. , Soares Marcelo Bento , Malchenko Sergey
Published: January 2024

The communication between neural stem cells (NSCs) and surrounding astrocytes is essential for the homeostasis of the NSC niche. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer, a unique communication system that utilizes the formation of tunneling nanotubes for targeted mitochondrial transfer between donor and recipient cells, has recently been identified in a wide range of cell types. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer has also been observed between different types of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their neighboring cells, including brain CSCs and astrocytes. CSC mitochondrial transfer significantly enhances overall tumor progression by reprogramming neighboring cells. Despite the urgent need to investigate this newly identified phenomenon, mitochondrial transfer in the central nervous system remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we found evidence of intercellular mitochondrial transfer from human NSCs and from brain CSCs, also known as brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs), to astrocytes in co-culture experiments. Both NSC and BTIC mitochondria triggered similar transcriptome changes upon transplantation into the recipient astrocytes. In contrast to NSCs, the transplanted mitochondria from BTICs had a significant proliferative effect on the recipient astrocytes. This study forms the basis for mechanistically deciphering the impact of intercellular mitochondrial transfer on recipient astrocytes, which will potentially provide us with new insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial retrograde signaling.
Small RNA Changes in Plasma Have Potential for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease before Symptom Onset
Authors: Palade Joanna , Alsop Eric , Courtright-Lim Amanda , Hsieh Michael , Whitsett Timothy G. , Galasko Douglas , Van Keuren-Jensen Kendall
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), due to its multifactorial nature and complex etiology, poses challenges for research, diagnosis, and treatment, and impacts millions worldwide. To address the need for minimally invasive, repeatable measures that aid in AD diagnosis and progression monitoring, studies leveraging RNAs associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human biofluids have revealed AD-associated changes. However, the validation of AD biomarkers has suffered from the collection of samples from differing points in the disease time course or a lack of confirmed AD diagnoses. Here, we integrate clinical diagnosis and postmortem pathology data to form more accurate experimental groups and use small RNA sequencing to show that EVs from plasma can serve as a potential source of RNAs that reflect disease-related changes. Importantly, we demonstrated that these changes are identifiable in the EVs of preclinical patients, years before symptom manifestation, and that machine learning models based on differentially expressed RNAs can help predict disease conversion or progression. This research offers critical insight into early disease biomarkers and underscores the significance of accounting for disease progression and pathology in human AD studies.
The Role of CCL24 in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Bridging Patient Serum Proteomics to Preclinical Data
Authors: Greenman Raanan , Snir Tom , Katav Avi , Aricha Revital , Mishalian Inbal , Hay Ophir , Frankel Matthew , Lawler John , Saffioti Francesca , Pinzani Massimo , Thorburn Douglas , Peled Amnon , Mor Adi , Vaknin Ilan
Published: January 2024

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an inflammatory and fibrotic biliary disease lacking approved treatment. We studied CCL24, a chemokine shown to be overexpressed in damaged bile ducts, and its involvement in key disease-related mechanisms. Serum proteomics of PSC patients and healthy controls (HC) were analyzed using the Olink® proximity extension assay and compared based on disease presence, fibrosis severity, and CCL24 levels. Disease-related canonical pathways, upstream regulators, and toxicity functions were elevated in PSC patients compared to HC and further elevated in patients with high CCL24 levels. In vitro, a protein signature in CCL24-treated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) differentiated patients by disease severity. In mice, CCL24 intraperitoneal injection selectively recruited neutrophils and monocytes. Treatment with CM-101, a CCL24-neutralizing antibody, in an α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis mouse model effectively inhibited accumulation of peribiliary neutrophils and macrophages while reducing biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis. Furthermore, in PSC patients, CCL24 levels were correlated with upregulation of monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis pathways. Collectively, these findings highlight the distinct role of CCL24 in PSC, influencing disease-related mechanisms, affecting immune cells trafficking and HSC activation. Its blockade with CM-101 reduces inflammation and fibrosis and positions CCL24 as a promising therapeutic target in PSC.
Enhancing Immunomodulatory Function of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Hydrogel Encapsulation
Authors: Cheng Hui-Yun , Anggelia Madonna Rica , Liu Shiao-Chin , Lin Chih-Fan , Lin Cheng-Hung
Published: January 2024

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) showcase remarkable immunoregulatory capabilities in vitro, positioning them as promising candidates for cellular therapeutics. However, the process of administering MSCs and the dynamic in vivo environment may impact the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions of MSCs, consequently influencing their survival, engraftment, and their immunomodulatory efficacy. Addressing these concerns, hydrogel encapsulation emerges as a promising solution to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs in vivo. Hydrogel, a highly flexible crosslinked hydrophilic polymer with a substantial water content, serves as a versatile platform for MSC encapsulation. Demonstrating improved engraftment and heightened immunomodulatory functions in vivo, MSCs encapsulated by hydrogel are at the forefront of advancing therapeutic outcomes. This review delves into current advancements in the field, with a focus on tuning various hydrogel parameters to elucidate mechanistic insights and elevate functional outcomes. Explored parameters encompass hydrogel composition, involving monomer type, functional modification, and co-encapsulation, along with biomechanical and physical properties like stiffness, viscoelasticity, topology, and porosity. The impact of these parameters on MSC behaviors and immunomodulatory functions is examined. Additionally, we discuss potential future research directions, aiming to kindle sustained interest in the exploration of hydrogel-encapsulated MSCs in the realm of immunomodulation.
3D Porous Sponge/Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline/Chitosan Capacitive Bioanode Material for Improving the Power Generation and Energy Storage Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Yuyang
Published: January 2024

Anode materials play a crucial role in the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in terms of power output. In this study, carbon nanotube (CNT)/polyaniline (PANI)/chitosan (CS) composites were prepared on a porous sponge matrix. The high electrical conductivity of CNTs, the capacitive behavior of PANI, and the biocompatibility of CS were leveraged to enhance the electricity generation and energy storage capabilities of MFCs. Experimental results demonstrated that the MFC with the modified anode achieved a maximum power density of 7902.4 mW/m3. Moreover, in the charging–discharging test, the stored electricity of the S/CNT/PANI/CS anode was 16.38 times that of the S/CNT anode when both the charging and discharging times were 30 min. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the modified composite anode exhibited remarkable biocompatibility and selective enrichment of electrogenic bacteria. Overall, this study presents a novel approach for developing composite MFC anode materials with energy storage functionality.
Short-Term Effect of Biopolymer-Based Coatings on Surface Hardness and Color of Limestone Exposed to Tropical Outdoor Conditions
Authors: Camacho-Chab Juan Carlos , Camacho-Chab Pedro Alberto , Pereañez-Sacarías Juan Enrique , Montero-Muñoz Jorge Luis , Almeyda-Cen Augusto Ignacio , Dzul-López Luis Alonso , Reyes-Estebanez María Manuela , Ortega-Morales Benjamín Otto
Published: January 2024

It has previously been shown that epilithic bacterial biopolymers used as coatings influenced the physical properties (surface hardness and color change) at different levels and decreased the surface disaggregation of experimental limestone when evaluated at the laboratory level. A short-term study (30 days) was conducted to evaluate the performance under natural conditions of limestone blocks exposed to tropical conditions of a selected bacterial biopolymer (TM1B-488, after the producing bacterium) and a previously unreported Mayan plant biopolymer known as “Escobilla”, Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae) used in conservation procedures. Surface hardness (Leeb units) and color (L*a*b* coordinates) were measured and statistically tested for two types of limestone blocks (sound and deteriorated limestone). Both biopolymers increased surface hardness, decreased surface disaggregation, and did not alter color. Escobilla polymer is a carbohydrate-rich biopolymer characterized by tangential filtration, global chemical composition, and monosaccharide composition of hydrolyzed polymer. These results indicate that biopolymers of a heteropolysaccharide nature are constituted by some anionic charge residues that could contribute to surface stabilization and consolidation, but compatibility with traditional building materials (mortars) and longer time of exposure (a year) are necessary to fully assess their applicability in the restoration of architectural heritage.
A Visualization Experiment on Icing Characteristics of a Saline Water Droplet on the Surface of an Aluminum Plate
Authors: Zhang Yingwei , Zhou Xinpeng , Shi Weihan , Chi Jiarui , Li Yan , Guo Wenfeng
Published: January 2024

When the offshore device, such as an offshore wind turbine, works in winter, ice accretion often occurs on the blade surface, which affects the working performance. To explore the icing characteristics on a microscale, the freezing characteristics of a water droplet with salinity were tested in the present study. A self-developed icing device was used to record the icing process of a water droplet, and a water droplet with a volume of 5 μL was tested under different salinities and temperatures. The effects of salinity and temperature on the profile of the iced water droplet, such as the height and contact diameter, were analyzed. As the temperature was constant, along with the increase in salinity, the height of the iced water droplet first increased and then decreased, and the contact diameter decreased. The maximum height of the iced water droplet was 1.21 mm, and the minimum contact diameter was 3.67 mm. With the increase in salinity, the icing time of the water droplet increased, yet a minor effect occurred under low temperatures such as −18 °C. Based on the experimental results, the profile of the iced water droplet was fitted using the polynomial method, with a coefficient of determination (R2) higher than 0.99. Then the mathematical model of the volume of the iced water droplet was established. The volume of the iced water droplet decreased along with temperature and increased along with salinity. The largest volume was 4.1 mm3. The research findings provide a foundation for exploring the offshore device icing characteristics in depth.
The Universal Scaling of Dielectric Response as a Tool in the Description of a Complex Dynamic of 4′-Butyl-4-(2-methylbutoxy)azoxybenzene (4ABO5*)
Authors: Piwowarczyk Marcin , Juszyńska-Gałązka Ewa , Gałązka Mirosław
Published: January 2024

The results of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy of the chiral liquid crystal 4′-butyl-4-(2-methylbutoxy)azoxybenzene in the crystal phase are presented. The scaling procedure showed complex molecular dynamics and allows one to decompose the observed relaxation process into two closely located relaxation processes around the short molecular axis. Temperature dependences of relaxation times characterizing flip-flop motions (rotation around the short molecular axis) and rotation around the long molecular axis are of the Arrhenius type.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of a High-Pressure Spatial Chemical Vapor Deposition (HPS-CVD) Reactor for Flow Stability
Authors: Enayati Hooman , Pimputkar Siddha
Published: January 2024

High indium-content group-III nitrides are of interest to further expand upon our ability to produce highly efficient optical emitters at longer visible/IR wavelengths or to broaden bandgap engineering opportunities in the group-III nitride material system. Current synthesis approaches are limited in their capabilities, in part due to the low decomposition temperature of indium nitride. A new high-pressure spatial chemical vapor deposition (HPS-CVD) has been proposed which can operate at pressures up to 100 atmospheres, thereby significantly raising the growth temperature of indium nitride more than 100 kelvins and permitting the investigation of the impact of pressure on precursor stability and reactivity. This study systematically analyzes an HPS-CVD reactor design using computational fluid dynamic modeling in order to understand favorable operating conditions for growth of group III nitrides. Specifically, the relationship between inlet gas type (nitrogen, hydrogen, or ammonia), inlet gas velocity, gas flow rate, and rotational speed of the wafer carrier is evaluated for conditions under which a smooth and dominant vortex-free flow are obtained over the wafer. Heater power was varied to maintain a wafer temperature of 1250–1300 K. Favorable operating conditions were identified that were simultaneously met for all three gas types, providing a stable operating window for a wide range of gas chemistries for growth; at one atmosphere, a disk rotational speed of 50 rpm and a flow rate of 12 slm for all gas types is desired.
Texture Intensity in Grain-Oriented Steel in the Main Stages of the Production Cycle
Authors: Krawczyk Janusz , Ścibisz Kamila , Goły Marcin , Śleboda Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES) has been used for many years for application in transformed cores due to its excellent magnetic properties. Magnetic properties are strongly influenced by obtaining a texture with a certain orientation (110) [001] for BCC structure. This is related to the easy direction of magnetization [001]. So far, the main research has been focused on obtaining a strong texture in the last stages of the process. The aim of the present study was to additionally trace textural changes for a slab after the continuous casting (CC) process and for a sheet after the hot rolling process. The scope of such an analysis has not been conducted before. With regard to the state after continuous casting (CC), the texture was related to measurements of the anisotropy of Barkhausen magnetic noises and the macrostructure of the slab. Based on the X-ray diffraction examinations that compared the texture intensity calculated from the texture coefficient of the slab, the hot rolled steel and the final product of grain-oriented electrical steel contained 3.1% of Si. The studies performed with the material taken from three different production steps showed high differences in the values of textural intensity indicating the occurrence of a crystallization texture, especially in the area of the columnar crystal zone; textural weakness after the hot rolling process and high texturing in the final product for textural components corresponding to the desired Goss texture.
Primary Mucosal Melanoma: Clinical Experience from a Single Italian Center
Authors: Falcone Rosa , Verkhovskaia Sofia , Di Pietro Francesca Romana , Poti Giulia , Samela Tonia , Carbone Maria Luigia , Morelli Maria Francesca , Zappalà Albina Rita , di Rocco Zorika Christiana , Morese Roberto , Piesco Gabriele , Marchetti Paolo , Failla Cristina Maria , De Galitiis Federica
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare tumor, accounting for about 1% of all diagnosed melanomas. The etiology and pathogenesis of this tumor are unknown. It is characterized by an aggressive phenotype with poor prognosis and a low response rate to approved treatments. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, treatments and outcomes of patients diagnosed with MM from different sub-sites (head and neck, gynecological and gastro-intestinal region) between 2013 and 2023 at our Institute. Survival times were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression was used to test the independence of significant factors in univariate analysis. (3) Results: Twenty-five patients were included in this study; the disease was equally distributed among females and males. The median age at diagnosis was 74 years old. The majority had MM originating from the head and neck (56%), particularly from the nasal cavity. BRAF V600 mutations were detected in 16% of the study population, limited to gastro-intestinal and gynecological MM. At diagnosis, at least half the patients (52%) had the disease located also at distant sites. The median overall survival (OS) in the whole study population was 22 months, with a longer OS for patients diagnosed at an early stage (38 months, p < 0.001). Longer OSs were reported for head and neck MM compared to other anatomic regions (0.06). Surgery of the primary tumor and radiotherapy were performed in 64% and 36% of the study population, respectively. Radiotherapy was performed only in head and neck MM. At multivariate analysis, the single factor that showed a reduced hazard ratio for death was radiotherapy. (4) Conclusions: The overall survival of MM from different sub-sites treated at our Italian Institution was 22 months, with better outcomes for early-stage disease and head and neck MM. Performing radiotherapy may have a protective effect on OS for head and neck MM. New treatment strategies are urgently needed to improve the outcome in this disease.
Breast Cancer: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach from Imaging to Therapy
Authors: Tari Daniele Ugo
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent form of cancer among women worldwide, accounting for over 2 million diagnoses annually [...]
Associated Anomalies and Outcome in Patients with Prenatal Diagnosis of Aortic Arch Anomalies as Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery, Right Aortic Arch and Double Aortic Arch
Authors: Axt-Fliedner Roland , Nazar Asia , Bedei Ivonne , Schenk Johanna , Reitz Maleen , Rupp Stefan , Jux Christian , Wolter Aline
Published: January 2024

We aimed to evaluate retrospectively associated anomalies and outcome in prenatal aortic arch anomalies (AAAs). We included ninety patients with aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), right aortic arch (RAA) with mirror image branching (RAA-mirror) or aberrant left subclavian artery (RAA-ALSA) and double aortic arch (DAA) between 2011 and 2020. In total, 19/90 (21.1%) had chromosomal anomalies, the highest rate being within the ARSA subgroup (17/46, 37%). All (13/13) of the RAA-mirror subgroup, 10/27 (37.0%) of RAA-ALSA, 13/46 (28.3%) of ARSA and 0/4 within the DAA subgroup had additional intracardiac anomaly. The rate of extracardiac anomalies was 30.7% in RAA-mirror, 28.3% in ARSA, 25.0% in DAA and 22.2% in the RAA-ALSA subgroup. A total of 42/90 (46.7%) had isolated AAAs: three (7.1%) with chromosomal anomalies, all trisomy 21 (3/26, 11.5%) within the ARSA subgroup. Out of 90, 19 (21.1%) were lost to follow-up (FU). Two (2.2%) intrauterine deaths occurred, and six (6.7%) with chromosomal anomalies terminated their pregnancy. In total, 63 (70.0%) were liveborn, 3/63 (4.8%) with severe comorbidity had compassionate care and 3/60 (5.0%) were lost to FU. The survival rate in the intention-to-treat cohort was 53/57 (93%). Forty-one (77.4%) presented with vascular ring/sling, two (4.9%) with RAA-ALSA developed symptoms and one (2.4%) needed an operation. We conclude that intervention due to vascular ring is rarely necessary. NIPT could be useful in isolated ARSA cases without higher a priori risk for trisomy 21 and after exclusion of other anomalies.
Study on Drone Handover Methods Suitable for Multipath Interference Due to Obstacles
Authors: Hirata Kakeru , Hiraguri Takefumi , Kimura Tomotaka , Matsuda Takahiro , Imai Tetsuro , Hirokawa Jiro , Maruta Kazuki , Ujigawa Satoshi
Published: January 2024

Networks constructed in the sky are known as non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). As an example of an NTN, relay transmission using drones as radio stations enables flexible network construction in the air by performing handovers with ground stations. However, the presence of structures or obstacles in the flight path causes multipath interference; consequently, the propagation environment fluctuates significantly based on the flight. In such a communication environment, it is difficult for a drone to select an optimal ground station for a handover. Moreover, unlike a terrestrial network, the propagation environment of a flying drone is affected by structures and other factors that cause multipaths based on the flight speed and altitude, making the conditions of the propagation environment even more complex. To solve these problems, we propose handover schemes between drones and the ground that consider the multipath interference caused by obstacles. The proposed methods are used to perform handovers based on an optimal threshold of received power considering interference and avoid unnecessary handovers based on the moving speed, which makes the handover seamless. Finally, we develop a simulator that evaluates the cross layer from propagation to upper network protocols in a virtual space, including buildings, evaluate the communication quality of a drone flying in a three-dimensional space, and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods as well as the evaluation of the real environment.
Correction: Mon, Y.-J. Simulation and Implementation of Signal Processing for LFM Radar Using DSK 6713. Electronics 2023, 12, 3682
Authors: Mon Yi-Jen
Published: January 2024

In the original publication [...]
Review of Matrix Rank Constraint Model for Impulse Interference Image Inpainting
Authors: Ma Shuli , Li Zhifei , Chu Feihuang , Fang Shengliang , Yang Weichao , Li Li
Published: January 2024

Camera failure or loss of storage components in imaging equipment may result in the loss of important image information or random pulse noise interference. The low-rank prior is one of the most important priors in image optimization processing. This paper reviews and compares some low-rank constraint models for image matrices. Firstly, an overview of image-inpainting models based on nuclear norm, truncated nuclear norm, weighted nuclear norm, and matrix-factorization-based F norm is presented, and corresponding optimization iterative algorithms are provided. Then, we use different image matrix low-order constraint models to recover satellite images from three types of pulse interference and provide our experimental visual and numerical results. Finally, it can be concluded that the method based on the weighted nuclear norm can achieve the best image restoration effect. The F norm method based on matrix factorization has the shortest computational time and can be used for large-scale low-rank matrix calculations. Compared with nuclear norm-based methods, weighted nuclear norm-based methods and truncated nuclear norm-based methods can significantly improve repair performance.
Steady-State Voltage Modelling of a HT-PEMFC under Various Operating Conditions
Authors: Rigal Sylvain , Jaafar Amine , Turpin Christophe , Hordé Théophile , Jollys Jean-Baptiste , Kreczanik Paul
Published: January 2024

In this work, a commercially available membrane electrode assembly from Advent Technology Inc., developed for use in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, was tested under various operating conditions (OCs) according to a sensibility study with three OCs varying on three levels: hydrogen gas over-stoichiometry (1.05, 1.2, 1.35), air gas over-stoichiometry (1.5, 2, 2.5), and temperature (140 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C). A polarization curve (V-I curve) was performed for each set of operating conditions (27 V-I curves in total). A semi-empirical and macroscopic (0D) model of the cell voltage was developed in steady-state conditions to model these experimental data. With the proposed parameterization approach, only one set of parameters is used in order to model all the experimental curves (simultaneous optimization with 27 curves). Thus, an air over-stoichiometry-dependent model was developed. The obtained results are promising between 0.2 and 0.8 A·cm−2: an average error less than 1.5% and a maximum error around 7% between modeled and measured voltages with only 9 parameters to identify. The obtained parameters appear consistent, regardless of the OCs. The proposed approach with only one set of parameters seems to be an interesting way to converge towards the uniqueness of consistent parameters.
A Study on the Genetic Variations and Germination Characteristics of Rhododendron sohayakiense to Prepare for Climate Change Threat
Authors: Kim Eun-hye , Lee Sle-gee , Son Sung-won , Lee So-yeon , Lee Hayan
Published: January 2024

Rhododendron sobayakiense is an endemic and near-threatened species (Korean Red List, NT) found in the alpine regions of South Korea that requires conservation. This study investigated the species’ genetic variations and seed germination characteristics and predicted its potential habitat change according to climate change scenarios. The genetic diversity of R. sobayakiense at the species level (P = 88.6%; S.I. = 0.435; h = 0.282) was somewhat similar to that observed for the same genus. The inter-population genetic differentiation was 19% and revealed a relatively stable level of gene exchange at 1.22 in each population. The main cause of gene flow and genetic differentiation was presumed to be the Apis mellifera pollinator. Seed germination characteristics indicated non-deep physiological dormancy, with germination at ≥10 °C and the highest percent germination (PG) of ≥60% at 15–25 °C, while the PG was ≥50% at 30 °C. The PG increased at constant temperature than at variable temperatures; the mean germination time decreased as temperature increased. The climate scenarios SSP3 and SSP5 were analyzed to predict future R. sobayakiense habitat changes. The variables of the main effects were Identified as follows: elevation > temperature seasonality > mean diurnal range.
Forest Canopy Fuel Loads Mapping Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle High-Resolution Red, Green, Blue and Multispectral Imagery
Authors: Chávez-Durán Álvaro Agustín , García Mariano , Olvera-Vargas Miguel , Aguado Inmaculada , Figueroa-Rangel Blanca Lorena , Trucíos-Caciano Ramón , Rubio-Camacho Ernesto Alonso
Published: January 2024

Canopy fuels determine the characteristics of the entire complex of forest fuels due to their constant changes triggered by the environment; therefore, the development of appropriate strategies for fire management and fire risk reduction requires an accurate description of canopy forest fuels. This paper presents a method for mapping the spatial distribution of canopy fuel loads (CFLs) in alignment with their natural variability and three-dimensional spatial distribution. The approach leverages an object-based machine learning framework with UAV multispectral data and photogrammetric point clouds. The proposed method was developed in the mixed forest of the natural protected area of “Sierra de Quila”, Jalisco, Mexico. Structural variables derived from photogrammetric point clouds, along with spectral information, were used in an object-based Random Forest model to accurately estimate CFLs, yielding R2 = 0.75, RMSE = 1.78 Mg, and an average Biasrel = 18.62%. Canopy volume was the most significant explanatory variable, achieving a mean decrease in impurity values greater than 80%, while the combination of texture and vegetation indices presented importance values close to 20%. Our modelling approach enables the accurate estimation of CFLs, accounting for the ecological context that governs their dynamics and spatial variability. The high precision achieved, at a relatively low cost, encourages constant updating of forest fuels maps to enable researchers and forest managers to streamline decision making on fuel and forest fire management.
Review of Predator Emitted Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Potential for Predator Detection in New Zealand Forests
Authors: Lu Ziqi , Whitton Rob , Strand Tara , Chen Yi
Published: January 2024

This review covers the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the bodies and secretions of introduced mammalian predators in New Zealand forests, with a specific focus on mice, rats, ferrets, stoats, and possums. The primary aim is to compile information on these VOCs and assess the potential of exploiting these VOCs as unique biomarkers for predator detection in the forest. While a universal VOC has yet to be identified, the review discusses various VOCs associated with predators and their potential as unique biomarkers for detecting the presence of predators, including 2-heptanone, 4-heptanone, 2-octanone, and benzaldehyde. Furthermore, a brief overview of different VOC detection techniques is provided, connecting the selection of biosensing techniques with the detection of volatile biomarkers. Further research and advancement in the biosensing field hold substantial potential to enhance biomarker detection technologies and elevate predator management strategies within New Zealand forests.
Synchronization of Separate Sensors’ Data Transferred through a Local Wi-Fi Network: A Use Case of Human-Gait Monitoring
Authors: Masalskyi Viktor , Čičiurėnas Dominykas , Dzedzickis Andrius , Prentice Urtė , Braziulis Gediminas , Bučinskas Vytautas
Published: January 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of synchronizing data acquisition from independent sensor systems in a local network. The network comprises microcontroller-based systems that collect data from physical sensors used for monitoring human gait. The synchronized data are transmitted to a PC or cloud storage through a central controller. The performed research proposes a solution for effectively synchronizing the data acquisition using two alternative data-synchronization approaches. Additionally, it explores techniques to handle varying amounts of data from different sensor types. The experimental research validates the proposed solution by providing trial results and stability evaluations and comparing them to the human-gait-monitoring system requirements. The alternative data-transmission method was used to compare the data-transmission quality and data-loss rate. The developed algorithm allows data acquisition from six pressure sensors and two accelerometer/gyroscope modules, ensuring a 24.6 Hz sampling rate and 1 ms synchronization accuracy. The obtained results prove the algorithm’s suitability for human-gait monitoring under its regular activity. The paper concludes with discussions and key insights derived from the obtained results.
DDPG-MPCC: An Experience Driven Multipath Performance Oriented Congestion Control
Authors: Pokhrel Shiva Raj , Kua Jonathan , Satish Deol , Ozer Sebnem , Howe Jeff , Walid Anwar
Published: January 2024

We introduce a novel multipath data transport approach at the transport layer referred to as ‘Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Multipath Performance-oriented Congestion Control’ (DDPG-MPCC), which leverages deep reinforcement learning to enhance congestion management in multipath networks. Our method combines DDPG with online convex optimization to optimize fairness and performance in simultaneously challenging multipath internet congestion control scenarios. Through experiments by developing kernel implementation, we show how DDPG-MPCC performs compared to the state-of-the-art solutions.