bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of the LATITUDE and CHAARTED Risk Criteria for Predicting the Survival of Men with Bone Metastatic Hormone‐Naïve Prostate Cancer Treated with Combined Androgen Blockade Therapy: Real‐World Data from a Japanese Multi‐Institutional Study
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Yoneyama Shuko , Ohno Yoshio , Iizuka Junpei , Hashimoto Yasunobu , Tsumura Hideyasu , Tabata Ken-ichi , Nakagami Yoshihiro , Tanabe Kazunari , Iwamura Masatsugu , Uemura Hiroji , Miyoshi Yasuhide
Published: July 2020

Background. The CHAARTED and LATITUDE trials demonstrated a prolonged overall survival (OS) for metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC) patients who receive up‐front docetaxel or abiraterone acetate. These studies used their own risk criteria: CHAARTED trial defines high‐ and low‐volume diseases and LATITUDE trial targeting a high‐risk disease. The present study explored whether or not the CHAARTED and LATITUDE criteria were useful for predicting the outcome in Japanese bone mHNPC patients, including elderly patients (≥70 years). Methods. A total of 532 mHNPC patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2014 in multithird referral cancer centers were enrolled in this study. All patients had bone metastasis and received combined androgen blockade treatment as an initial hormonal therapy. Results. The number of patients with CHAARTED low‐volume and high‐volume diseases was 178 (33.5%) and 354 (66.5%), respectively. On the contrary, the number of patients with LATITUDE low‐risk and high‐risk diseases was 157 (29.5%) and 375 (70.5%), respectively. A total of 307 (57.7%) patients were defined as having both CHAARTED high‐volume and LATITUDE high‐risk disease. The median castration‐resistant prostate cancer‐ (CRPC‐) free survival was 12.5 months for the CHAARTED high volume, 56.9 months for the CHAARTED low volume, 13.6 months for the LATITUDE high risk, and 37.3 months for the LATITUDE low risk, respectively. The OS was 50.1 months in patients with CHAARTED high‐volume disease, 95.1 months in patients with CHAARTED low‐volume disease, 54.0 months in patients with LATITUDE high‐risk disease, and 92.7 months in patients with LATITUDE low‐risk disease, respectively. This trend was also observed in elderly (≥70 years old) patients. Conclusions. The patients with CHAARTED high‐volume disease or LATITUDE high‐risk disease showed a shorter CRPC‐free survival and a shorter OS than those in the CHAARTED low‐volume disease group or in the LATITUDE low‐risk group among Asian Japanese bone metastatic HNPC patients.
Bone Augmentation Procedures in a Patient with Acromegaly
Authors: Schiller Laura Andreea , Schiller Albert Cristian , Schiller Adalbert , Dascalu Aida Gabriela , Brad Silviu
Published: July 2020

The objective of this clinical case is to evaluate if bone augmentation procedures can be successful in a patient with altered bone metabolism due to a systemic disease: acromegaly. Two guided bone regeneration procedures were made on the same patient: horizontal ridge augmentation with lateral wall approach sinus graft of the left maxilla and horizontal ridge augmentation of the front left maxilla. CBCT assessment of the new formed bone was made after a minimum of nine months and dental implants were placed. The results show that bone augmentation procedures can be successful in a patient with acromegaly, after pituitary adenoma removal, when autologous bone is not included in the grafting procedure.
Response of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Periodontal Tissue to LPS Depends on the Purity but Not on the LPS Source
Authors: Behm Christian , Blufstein Alice , Abhari Setareh Younes , Koch Christoph , Gahn Johannes , Schäffer Christina , Moritz Andreas , Rausch-Fan Xiaohui , Andrukhov Oleh
Published: July 2020

Human periodontal ligament stromal cells (hPDLSCs) and gingival mesenchymal stromal cells (hGMSCs) are resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of the periodontal tissue. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fromPorphyromonas gingivalisis structurally distinct from that of other Gram-negative bacteria, and earlier studies linked this structural difference to a distinct virulence activity and the ability to activate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), besides TLR-4 as commonly occurring upon LPS challenge. Later studies, in contrast, argue that TLR-2 activation byP. gingivalisLPS is due to lipoprotein contamination. In the present study, we aimed to define the influence of structure versus purity ofP. gingivalisLPS on the immune response of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs. Cells were stimulated with commercially available “standard”P. gingivalisLPS, “ultrapure”P. gingivalisLPS, or “ultrapure”Escherichia coliLPS, and the expression of interleukin- (IL-) 8, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein- (MCP-) 1, TLR-2, and TLR-4 was evaluated. The contribution of TLR-4 to the LPS-induced response was assessed using the specific TLR-4 inhibitor TAK-242. “Standard”P. gingivalisLPS induced significantly higher IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 production compared to the “ultrapure” LPS preparations, with no significant difference detectable for “ultrapure” LPS fromP. gingivalisandE. coli. By using TAK-242, the response of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs to “ultrapure” LPS preparations was effectively inhibited to the levels comparable to those of nonstimulated controls. In contrast, high levels of response to “standard” LPS were observed, even in the presence of TAK-242. Our data show that the response of MSCs from periodontal tissue to LPS depends more on the purity of the LPS preparation than on the LPS source. Even a small amount of contaminating lipoproteins can drastically enhance the hPDLSCs’ and hGMSCs; responsiveness toP. gingivalisLPS, which might also contribute to the progression of periodontal disease.
When the Smoke Clears m6A from a Y Chromosome–Linked lncRNA, Men Get an Increased Risk of Cancer
Authors: Banday A. Rouf , Papenberg Brenen W. , Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila
Published: July 2020

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Although these disease-associated effects have been mostly attributed to the ability of lncRNAs to function as regulatory noncoding transcripts, there is growing evidence that lncRNAs may also encode functional micropeptides. In the current issue of Cancer Research, Wu and colleagues report a micropeptide encoded by a Y chromosome–linked lncRNA that may explain the higher incidence of esophageal cancer in male smokers. Furthermore, this report provides broader insights related to the molecular epidemiology of male-dominant and smoking-driven cancers and may also help explain some cancer-related associations with mosaic Y chromosome loss.

See related article by Wu et al., p. 2790
Mantle Cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Subcutaneous Mass of the Right Leg
Authors: Fajardo Drew A. , France Joel , Targonska Bogna I. , Kahlon H. Bobby , Coppes Max J.
Published: July 2020

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a relatively rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, typically presenting with extensive lymphadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, and splenomegaly. Extranodal sites can also be involved. We discuss a 73-year-old man whose MCL presented with a 6-month history of a subdermal mass of the right upper thigh and no systemic symptoms.
Drug-Induced Interstitial Pneumonia due to Application of FOLFOX as Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yanagawa Senichiro , Karakuchi Nozomi , Mochizuki Tetsuya , Kodama Shinya , Takeshima Yukio , Sumimoto Kazuo
Published: July 2020

The regimen of oxaliplatin with 5-fluorouracil plus l-leucovorin (FOLFOX) has become one of the most commonly used first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer and it provides an increase in disease-free survival as well as an overall survival benefit. Although FOLFOX chemotherapy has helped to improve the clinical outcomes in these patients, the regimen is associated with some therapeutic issues or uncontrolled side effects. Gastrointestinal, neurosensory, and hematological toxicities have frequently been observed in patients treated with FOLFOX, and consequently, some palliative treatment has been established to combat such complications. However, pulmonary toxicities including drug-induced interstitial pneumonia (DI-IP) is rarely observed in these patients and a curative treatment is yet to be established. DI-IP due to chemotherapy is most commonly observed in patients treated with mitomycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, or gemcitabine. Steroid therapy is mostly used to treat DI-IP, although the efficacy of such treatments is not supported with adequate evidence. FOLFOX-induced interstitial pneumonia (FIIP) is rarely observed, and several case reports of FIIP treated with steroids have been published previously that showed the mortality is extremely high. Here, we present a 74-year-old woman who received modified FOLFOX6 as adjuvant chemotherapy after rectal cancer surgery. The patient experienced FIIP, which improved after application of steroid pulse (high-dose methylprednisolone at 1,000 mg/day for 3 days) and tapering (starting with prednisolone at 40 mg/day) therapy. Our data suggest that such a steroid therapy could represent an effective treatment option for FIIP.
Heparin 2.0: A New Approach to the Infection Crisis
Authors: Seffer Malin-Theres , Cottam Daniel , Forni Lui G. , Kielstein Jan T.
Published: July 2020

In April 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization for certain medical devices to be used in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (CO­VID-19). This included extracorporeal blood purification devices. This narrative review will give a brief overview regarding some of the extracorporeal devices that could be used to treat COVID-19 patients, including the Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Blood Filter, produced by ExThera Medical (Martinez, CA, USA), first licensed in the European Economic Area in 2019. The Seraph® 100 contains ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene beads with end point-attached heparin and is approved for the reduction of pathogens from the bloodstream either as a single agent or as an adjunct to conventional anti-infective agents. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and toxins have been shown to bind to the immobilized heparin in a similar way to the interaction with heparan sulfate on the cell surface. This binding is nonreversible and as such, the pathogens are removed from the bloodstream. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological basis and rationale for using heparin for pathogen removal from the blood as well as exploring the technology behind the adaptation of heparin to deprive it of its systemic anticoagulant activity. In addition, we summarize the in vitro data as well as the available preclinical testing and published clinical reports. Finally, we discuss the enormous potential of this technology in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance and high mortality associated with sepsis and consider the application of this as a possible treatment option for COVID-19.
Effects of Mechanical Drying on the Removal of Pollen Allergens
Authors: Choi Young-Jin , Park Jungha , Seong Sujin , Oh Jae-Won
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Pollen may spread indoors through clothes contaminated during outdoor activities. This study aimed to evaluate the pollen removal efficacy of a mechanical dryer. Methods: Cotton clothes served as laundry, and fabrics measuring 2 × 5 cm served as test samples. Pollen was spread evenly on the test fabrics. The fabrics were then fixed on the cloth and left for 8 h to imitate real-life conditions. This experiment was conducted under 2 conditions, wet (after washing clothes) and dry (without washing). After drying, we counted pollen on the test fabrics to evaluate the pollen removal rate. We measured the remaining allergens in extracts from the contaminated fabrics after mechanical drying. The concentrations of allergens (Amb a 1, Bet v 1, Crp j 1, and Phl p 1) in each extracted solution were measured using 2-site ELISA. Results: For ragweed, Japanese cedar, birch, and timothy grass, the mean pollen removal ratios for the dry samples were 99.88 ± 0.09%, 99.96 ± 0.03%, 99.89 ± 0.02%, and 99.82 ± 0.11%, respectively, and those for the wet samples were 98.83 ± 0.87%, 97.91 ± 1.81%, 97.29 ± 1.19%, and 96.3 ± 0.92%, respectively. Further, for the pollen allergens Amb a 1 [ragweed], Crp j 1 [Japanese cedar], Bet v 1 [birch], and Phl p 1 [timothy grass], the mean pollen allergen removal ratios for the dry samples were 99.81 ± 0.06%, 99.94 ± 0.23%, 99.90 ± 0.11%, and 99.84 ± 0.17%, respectively, and those for the wet samples were 98.11 ± 0.14%, 96.04 ± 1.52%, 97.21 ± 0.83%, and 95.23 ± 0.92%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for each species. Conclusions: Mechanical drying effectively removed pollen and allergens from dry and wet fabrics. We expect that further studies on the removal of other indoor allergens would contribute to improved environmental control for allergy patients.
Atrial and Ventricular Deformation Analysis in Normal Fetal Hearts Using Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Meister Markus , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Graupner Oliver , Kuhn Viktoria , Wolter Aline , Götte Malena , Enzensberger Christian
Published: July 2020

Objective: Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE)-based strain values of the left and the right ventricle have been established; however, less is known about atrial deformation. The aim of our study was to assess both atrial strain and ventricular strain using 2D-STE in a cardiac 4-chamber view and to investigate the effect of possible influencing factors such as gestational age. Methods: Fetal echocardiography was performed on a Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound system. Based on an apical or basal 4-chamber view of the fetal heart, left and right ventricular longitudinal peak systolic strain (LVLPSS and RVLPSS) as well as left and right atrial longitudinal peak systolic strain (LALPSS and RALPSS) were assessed by 2D-STE. Results: A total of 101 healthy fetuses were included. The mean gestational age (GA) was 26.0 ± 5.6 weeks. GA was significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05) with LVLPSS and RVLPSS and significantly negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with LALPSS and RALPSS. The mean values for LVLPSS and RVLPSS were −17.44 ± 2.29% and −16.89 ± 1.72%. The mean values for LALPSS and RALPSS were 34.09 ± 4.17% and 35.36 ± 2.90%. Conclusion: Ventricular and atrial deformation analysis in 2D-STE was technically feasible and showed comparable values to current data. For future research on myocardial function (MF) of the fetus, considering GA as an influencing factor for deformation analysis seems to be adequate. Especially, atrial deformation analysis allows the assessment of diastolic myocardial function. Further research needs to clarify the clinical meaning of these myocardial deformation indices in fetuses at risk.
Gut Microbiota Restricts NETosis in Acute Mesenteric Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Ascher Stefanie , Wilms Eivor , Pontarollo Giulia , Formes Henning , Bayer Franziska , Müller Maria , Malinarich Frano , Grill Alexandra , Bosmann Markus , Saffarzadeh Mona , Brandão Inês , Groß Kathrin , Kiouptsi Klytaimnistra , Kittner Jens M. , Lackner Karl J. , Jurk Kerstin , Reinhardt Christoph
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Recruitment of neutrophils and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to lethality in acute mesenteric infarction. To study the impact of the gut microbiota in acute mesenteric infarction, we used gnotobiotic mouse models to investigate whether gut commensals prime the reactivity of neutrophils towards formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis).

Approach and Results:

We applied a mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model to germ-free (GF) and colonized C57BL/6J mice. By intravital imaging, we quantified leukocyte adherence and NET formation in I/R-injured mesenteric venules. Colonization with gut microbiota or monocolonization with
Escherichia coli
augmented the adhesion of leukocytes, which was dependent on the TLR4 (Toll-like receptor-4)/TRIF (TIR-domain–containing adapter-inducing interferon-β) pathway. Although neutrophil accumulation was decreased in I/R-injured venules of GF mice, NETosis following I/R injury was significantly enhanced compared with conventionally raised mice or mice colonized with the minimal microbial consortium altered Schaedler flora. Also ex vivo, neutrophils from GF and antibiotic-treated mice showed increased LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced NETosis. Enhanced TLR4 signaling in GF neutrophils was due to elevated TLR4 expression and augmented IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3) phosphorylation. Likewise, neutrophils from antibiotic-treated conventionally raised mice had increased NET formation before and after ischemia. Increased NETosis in I/R injury was abolished in conventionally raised mice deficient in the TLR adaptor TRIF. In support of the desensitizing influence of enteric LPS, treatment of GF mice with LPS via drinking water diminished LPS-induced NETosis in vitro and in the mesenteric I/R injury model.

Conclusions:

Collectively, our results identified that the gut microbiota suppresses NETing neutrophil hyperreactivity in mesenteric I/R injury, while ensuring immunovigilance by enhancing neutrophil recruitment.
Can Children Be Considered for Transradial Interventions?
Authors: Alehaideb Ahmad , Ha Winston , Bickford Suzanne , Dmytriw Adam A. , Bhatia Kartik , Amirabadi Afsaneh , Mohanta Arun , Chavhan Govind , Muthusami Prakash
Published: July 2020

Background:

Transradial intervention is increasingly replacing approaches, due to lower access complications, cost, and improved patient satisfaction. There are limited supporting data in the pediatric literature, largely due to concerns regarding arterial size. The objective of this study was to measure radial artery diameters in children across all age groups, to establish reference ranges for clinical use.

Methods:

This prospective study was carried out in children ≤18 years of age who underwent ultrasound for measuring radial artery diameters from November 2018 to November 2019. The cohort was divided into age groups: ≤2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8, 9 to 11, 12 to 14, 15 to 18 years, and into pre- and post-adolescent (≥12 years) groups.

Results:

One hundred thirty-four children (M:F=63:71) were included, with bilateral measurements resulting in 268 data points. Mean age was 8.9±5.8 years (range, 29 days to 18 years), mean weight 37.2±27.5 kg (range, 1.7–149.1 kg). Mean-corrected radial artery diameter was 1.86±0.44 mm. There was no difference in arterial diameters between males and females (1.90±0.50 versus 1.81±0.53 mm;
P
=0.73) or between right and left sides (1.87±0.46 versus 1.87±0.47,
P
=0.98). There was a strong correlation of diameter with age (R=0.75;
P
<0.00001) and weight (R=0.74;
P
<0.00001). There was linear increase in arterial growth rates in early childhood, followed by plateauing to adult sizes in adolescents. Inter-reader agreement was 0.95.

Conclusions:

We provide a reference range for radial artery diameters across childhood ages, which can be used for decision-making. This could be the basis for designing a trial of transradial intervention in children, to establish clinical safety and efficacy.
Hematoma Resolution In Vivo Is Directed by Activating Transcription Factor 1
Authors: Seneviratne Anusha , Han Yumeng , Wong Eunice , Walter Edward R.H. , Jiang Lijun , Cave Luke , Long Nicholas J. , Carling David , Mason Justin C. , Haskard Dorian O. , Boyle Joseph J.
Published: July 2020

Rationale:

The efficient resolution of tissue hemorrhage is an important homeostatic function. In human macrophages in vitro, heme activates an AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/ATF1 (activating transcription factor-1) pathway that directs Mhem macrophages through coregulation of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1;
HMOX1
) and lipid homeostasis genes.

Objective:

We asked whether this pathway had an in vivo role in mice.

Methods and Results:

Perifemoral hematomas were used as a model of hematoma resolution. In mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages, heme induced HO-1, lipid regulatory genes including LXR (lipid X receptor), the growth factor IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), and the splenic red pulp macrophage gene
Spic
. This response was lost in bone marrow–derived macrophages from mice deficient in AMPK (
Prkab1
−/
−
) or ATF1 (
Atf1
−/−
). In vivo, femoral hematomas resolved completely between days 8 and 9 in littermate control mice (n=12), but were still present at day 9 in mice deficient in either AMPK (
Prkab1
−/−
) or ATF1 (
Atf1
−/−
; n=6 each). Residual hematomas were accompanied by increased macrophage infiltration, inflammatory activation and oxidative stress. We also found that fluorescent lipids and a fluorescent iron-analog were trafficked to lipid-laden and iron-laden macrophages respectively. Moreover erythrocyte iron and lipid abnormally colocalized in the same macrophages in
Atf1
−/−
mice. Therefore, iron-lipid separation was
Atf1
-dependent.

Conclusions:

Taken together, these data demonstrate that both AMPK and ATF1 are required for normal hematoma resolution.

Graphic Abstract:

An online
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Seasonal Variations in the Pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Kurihara Osamu , Takano Masamichi , Yamamoto Erika , Yonetsu Taishi , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Soeda Tsunenari , Yan Bryan P. , Crea Filippo , Higuma Takumi , Kimura Shigeki , Minami Yoshiyasu , Adriaenssens Tom , Boeder Niklas F. , Nef Holger M. , Kim Chong Jin , Thondapu Vikas , Kim Hyung Oh , Russo Michele , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Fracassi Francesco , Lee Hang , Mizuno Kyoichi , Jang Ik‐Kyung
Published: July 2020

Background

Seasonal variations in acute coronary syndromes (
ACS
) have been reported, with incidence and mortality peaking in the winter. However, the underlying pathophysiology for these variations remain speculative.

Methods and Results

Patients with
ACS
who underwent optical coherence tomography were recruited from 6 countries. The prevalence of the 3 most common pathologies (plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified plaque) were compared between the 4 seasons. In 1113 patients with
ACS
(885 male; mean age, 65.8±11.6 years), the rates of plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified plaque were 50%, 39%, and 11% in spring; 44%, 43%, and 13% in summer; 49%, 39%, and 12% in autumn; and 57%, 30%, and 13% in winter (
P
=0.039). After adjusting for age, sex, and other coronary risk factors, winter was significantly associated with increased risk of plaque rupture (odds ratio [OR], 1.652; 95% CI, 1.157–2.359;
P
=0.006) and decreased risk of plaque erosion (OR, 0.623; 95% CI, 0.429–0.905;
P
=0.013), compared with summer as a reference. Among patients with rupture, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in winter (
P
=0.010), whereas no significant difference was observed in the other 2 groups.

Conclusions

Seasonal variations in the incidence of
ACS
reflect differences in the underlying pathobiology. The proportion of plaque rupture is highest in winter, whereas that of plaque erosion is highest in summer. A different approach may be needed for the prevention and treatment of
ACS
depending on the season of its occurrence.

Registration

URL
:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
03479723.
Predictors and Functional Outcomes of Fast, Intermediate, and Slow Progression Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Seo Woo-Keun , Liebeskind David S. , Yoo Bryan , Sharma Latisha , Jahan Reza , Duckwiler Gary , Tateshima Satoshi , Nour May , Szeder Viktor , Colby Geoffrey , Starkman Sidney , Rao Neal , Bahr Hosseini Mersedeh , Saver Jeffrey L. ,   for the UCLA Penumbra Imaging Investigators
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:

We aimed to delineate the determinants of the initial speed of infarct progression and the association of speed of infarct progression (SIP) with procedural and functional outcomes.

Methods:

From a prospectively maintained stroke center registry, consecutive anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients with large artery occlusion, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥4, and multimodal vessel, ischemic core, and tissue-at-risk imaging within 24 hours of onset were included. Initial SIP was calculated as ischemic core volume at first imaging divided by the time from stroke onset to imaging.

Results:

Among the 88 patients, SIP was median 2.2 cc/h (interquartile range, 0–8.7), ranging most widely within the first 6 hours after onset. Faster SIP was positively independently associated with a low collateral score (odds ratio [OR], 3.30 [95% CI, 1.25–10.49]) and arrival by emergency medical services (OR, 3.34 [95% CI, 1.06–10.49]) and negatively associated with prior ischemic stroke (OR, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.03–0.50]) and coronary artery disease (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.10–1.00]). Among the 67 patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy, slower SIP was associated with a shift to reduced levels of disability at discharge (OR, 3.26 [95% CI, 1.02–10.45]), increased substantial reperfusion by thrombectomy (OR, 8.30 [95% CI, 0.97–70.87]), and reduced radiological hemorrhagic transformation (OR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.12–0.94]).

Conclusions:

Slower SIP is associated with a high collateral score, prior ischemic stroke, and coronary artery disease, supporting roles for both collateral robustness and ischemic preconditioning in fostering tissue resilience to ischemia. Among patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy, the speed of infarct progression is a major determinant of clinical outcome.
The Three R’s as a Framework for Considering the Ethics of Animal Assisted Interventions
Authors: Simonato Martina , De Santis Marta , Contalbrigo Laura , De Mori Barbara , Ravarotto Licia , Farina Luca
Published: July 2020

Animal assisted interventions (AAI) have seen a significant development in the last fifty years. They are based on human-animal interactions, and some scientific research is beginning to provide evidence for the benefits of these interventions. However, ethical issues, particularly from the animals’ point of view, are yet to be considered properly. This article contextualizes AAI and the ethical issues concerning the animals involved. Then it outlines the potential adaptation of the Three Rs principle (replacement, reduction, refinement) to this field, considering all aspects related to animal behavior, health, and wellbeing. The analysis of the conditions for the application is accompanied by suggestions to guide research and general practice in AAI in favor of animal welfare, including assessment of the environmental conditions and competence of the professionals involved. Finally, a fourth R, Relationship, is proposed as the distinctive R for ethical AAI practice, possibly interpreted as cooperation.
Catechesis and Episcopal Authority in the Life of Gregory Thaumaturgus
Authors: Gray Allison L.
Published: July 2020

In a seldom discussed episode from Gregory of Nyssa’s Life of Gregory Thaumaturgus, the wonderworking bishop converts a pagan temple custodian using the written word and a miracle. Physical proofs seem essential for teaching this outsider about divine power. Yet in the very next episode the narrator praises Thaumaturgus for disregarding physical appearances and for keeping silent. A close reading of the Life 34-47 demonstrates that Gregory of Nyssa models, within the narrative, a progression from basic catechesis through signs to the more complex work of interpreting signs, making inferences from what is seen to that which remains unseen. Contextualizing this paradoxical sequence of Thaumaturgus vignettes in Cappadocian discussions of divine condescension and principles of fourth-century Christian paideia, I show that Gregory of Nyssa uses the juxtaposition between Thaumaturgus’ teaching and conduct to model the flexible approach required for bishops to communicate the nature of divine power to varied audiences.
A histology-free description of a new species of the genus Tetrastemma (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) from Hawaii and India
Authors: CHERNYSHEV ALEXEI V. , POLYAKOVA NEONILA E. , VIGNESH MOHANDHAS S. , JAIN RUCHI P. , SANJEEVI PRAKASH , NORENBURG JON L. , RAJESH RAJAIAN P.
Published: July 2020

A new species of the genus Tetrastemma Ehrenberg, 1831, T. freyae sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Hawaii and India. The description is based on light microscopy examination of the external and internal morphology, as well as on two gene markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and histone H3 DNA).
Paragoniosomatinae, a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Arachnida: Opiliones), based on a new species from the Chapada Diamantina relict cloud forests, Brazil
Authors: ARAUJO-DA-SILVA LUIZ PAULO , DESOUZA ADRIANO MEDEIROS , DASILVA MARCIO BERNARDINO
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we describe a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae, Paragoniosomatinae subfam. nov., based on a new genus and species, Paragoniosoma cachaceiro gen. nov., sp. nov., found in an upper montane cloud forest of Chapada Diamantina mountains, one of the small interior patches of Atlantic Forest. This discovery suggests that the narrow-restricted cloud forests are old relicts of an Atlantic Forest hotspot. Paragoniosoma cachaceiro gen. nov., sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of four areas on the dorsal scutum, serose dry mark in areas III–IV, seven basal setae in penis (macrosetae A and B) in two rows, and very large tarsal process. We performed a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters that revealed a close relationship of the new species with Goniosomatinae, a subfamily that includes six genera and 38 valid species distributed throughout the coastal Atlantic Forest. The new species also has the same habitat and other behavioural and ecological traits as Goniosomatinae, furnishing great insights on the evolution of their characteristic biology, e.g., subsocial behavior. Field surveys of harvestmen from the type locality and nearby lowland seasonal forests indicate a unique fauna, including additional new, undescribed species. In addition to phylogenetics, this dissimilarity with other regions and the presence of endemic species of other animal and plant taxa provide support for the consideration of the cloud montane patches of Chapada Diamantina as relicts. We discuss this rule in the historical biogeographic context of Atlantic Forest and suggest that the new species represents evidence of an Atlantic Forest that was more widespread in the past.
The Impact of Robotic-Assisted Surgery on Team Performance: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review
Authors: Gillespie Brigid M. , Gillespie Joseph , Boorman Rhonda J. , Granqvist Karin , Stranne Johan , Erichsen-Andersson Annette
Published: July 2020

Objective

The aim of this study is to describe the impact of robotic-assisted surgery on team performance in the operating room.

Background

The introduction of surgical robots has improved the technical performance of surgical procedures but has also contributed to unexpected interactions in surgical teams, leading to new types of errors.

Method

A systematic literature search of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases using key words and MeSH terms was conducted. Screening identified studies employing qualitative and quantitative methods published between January 2000 and September 2019. Two reviewers independently appraised the methodological quality of the articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). Discussions were held among authors to examine quality scores of the studies and emergent themes, and agreement was reached through consensus. Themes were derived using inductive content analysis.

Results

Combined searches identified 1,065 citations. Of these, 19 articles, 16 quantitative and 3 qualitative, were included. Robotic-assisted surgeries included urology, gynecology, cardiac, and general procedures involving surgeons, anesthetists, nurses, and technicians. Three themes emerged : Negotiating the altered physical environs and adapting team communications to manage task and technology; managing the robotic system to optimize workflow efficiency; and technical proficiency depends on experience, team familiarity, and case complexity.

Conclusion

Inclusion of a robot as a team member adds further complexity to the work of surgery.

Application

These review findings will inform training programs specifically designed to optimize teamwork, workflow efficiency, and learning needs.
Age-Related Differences Between Young and Old Adults: Effects of Advance Information on Task Switching
Authors: Chang Wen-Pin , Shen I-Hsuan , Wen Chien-Pei , Chen Chia-Ling
Published: July 2020

In this study we investigated the effects of advance information on task switching in young and old adults, using two forms of advance information (memory-based and cue-based) and a no advance information task. We compared 19 healthy young and 19 healthy older adults in terms of their behavioral performance and neural correlates under these three task-switching paradigms. We observed a significant difference in mixing cost between the two age groups. There was no switch cost group difference on the memory-based and cue-based tasks, but older adults showed a larger switch cost than younger adults on the no advance information task. On evoked potential measures, there was no group effect in P3 cue-locked positivity; but there was, a frontal shift of the target-locked P3, indexed as reactive control, among older adults. We observed an increased target-locked P3 in the no-information paradigm compared with the cue-based and memory-based paradigms in both groups. Task cue facilitated advance preparation and proactive control under the cue-based paradigm in both groups. Age-related decline and difficulty in control processes required for task goal maintenance were apparent among the older adults.
The Good Politician and Political Trust: An Authenticity Gap in British Politics?
Authors: Valgarðsson Viktor Orri , Clarke Nick , Jennings Will , Stoker Gerry
Published: July 2020

There are three broad sets of qualities that citizens might expect politicians to display: competence, integrity and authenticity. To be authentic, a politician must be judged to be in touch with the lives and outlooks of ordinary people and previous research has suggested that this expectation has grown more prevalent in recent times. In this article, we use survey evidence from Britain – from citizens, parliamentarians and journalists – to explore which groups are prone to judge politicians by which criteria. While all groups give the highest absolute importance to integrity traits, we establish that distrusting citizens are significantly more likely to prioritise authenticity. For political elites and journalists, we find indications that authenticity is less valued than among citizens: politicians place more relative importance on integrity traits while journalists value competence most. We reflect on these findings and how they help us understand the growing crisis afflicting British politics.
Feelings of anxiety among radical Muslim youths in the Netherlands: A psychological exploration
Authors: Ljamai Abdelilah
Published: July 2020

This article focuses on feelings of anxiety among radical young Muslims, not just as a result of radicalism and terrorism but rather as an important cause of both. In contrast to many other publications which mainly deal with the radicalization of Muslim youths without taking into account their personal experience, the feelings of fear and anxiety expressed by radical young Muslims are central to this research. On the basis of an ongoing case study of 23 young Muslims who have participated in a lengthy de-radicalization program in Amsterdam since 2009, an attempt has been made to gain insight into the interaction between radicalization processes and feelings of anxiety among this target group. The case study suggests that the three forms of anxiety expressed by radical Muslim youths, namely, (1) fear of victimization, (2) fear caused by guilt feelings, and (3) fear of being controlled by hatred and revenge, are related to the three phases presented in the “staircase model to terrorism.” This research into the various forms of anxiety experienced by radical young Muslims provides a concrete starting point for the de-radicalization process.
Azomethine ether-based potential curing agent for epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A): Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Noreen Fozia , Bibi Ahtaram , Khalid Naila , Khan Imran Ullah
Published: July 2020

Novel azomethine ether-based compounds (A: N-((4-(9-(4-(phenylimino)methyl)phenoxy)nonyloxy)benzylidene)bezenamine and B: N-((4-(9-(4-(p-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)phenoxy)nonyloxy)benzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzenamine) were synthesized by condensation reaction of dialdehyde, 4,4-(1,9-nonandiyle)bis(oxy)dibenzaldehyde with aromatic amines. Structures of synthesized compounds were successfully characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible, proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL spectral analysis revealed that emission maxima of compounds A and B are at 475 and 500 nm, respectively, indicate blue and green light emission with large Stokes shift range (Δ λ ST, 109–138 nm). Two series of polymers: one azomethine-based polymers (C1–C5) and other without azomethine (H1–H4) were prepared by curing diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with a synthesized curing agent (B) and commercial curing agent, respectively, in various proportions. The structural characterization of the resulting polymers was carried out by FTIR spectral analysis. Thermal properties revealed that azomethine-based polymers (C1–C5) were thermally stable up to 400°C as compared to H1–H4. The glass transition temperature of the polymers, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, was in the range 121–123°C.
Unapologetic Blackness in Action: Embodied Resistance and Social Movement Scenes in Black Celebrity Activism
Authors: Allen Shaonta’ , Miles Brittney
Published: July 2020

American popular culture was established to appease a white audience and continues to operate in such a manner. This pervasive white gaze in the entertainment industry manifests in anti-Black depictions and ideologies. Black celebrities have resisted this distinct form of racial oppression by overtly affirming their Black identity in entertainment spaces. To further explore this phenomenon, the present article examines: How do Black celebrities employ unapologetic Blackness as an embodied resistance tactic to challenge racial inequality in pop cultural spaces? We analyze five cases of contemporary celebrity activism across various pop cultural platforms (YouTube, film, sport, music, and television) and find that just as race is socially constructed, varying across social locations, resistance to racial oppression also varies depending on the site in which it occurs. We further argue that Black celebrities’ embodied resistance converts pop cultural spaces into social movement scenes, thus transforming moments of entertainment into opportunities for political mobilization.
Nuclear Families: Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques and the Regulation of Parenthood
Authors: Mills Catherine
Published: July 2020

Since mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRT) were developed and clinically introduced in the United Kingdom (UK), there has been much discussion of whether these lead to children borne of three parents. In the UK, the regulation of MRT has dealt with this by stipulating that egg donors for the purposes of MRT are not genetic parents even though they contribute mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to offspring. In this paper, I examine the way that the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act in the UK manages the question of parentage. I argue that the Act breaks the link typically made between genetic causation and genetic parenthood by redefining genetic causation solely in terms of nuclear genetics. Along with this, mtDNA is construed as a kind of supplement to the nuclear family. Drawing on the account of the supplement developed by Jacques Derrida, I argue that mtDNA and the women who donate it are seen as both essential to establishing the nuclear family but also exterior to and insignificant for it.
Reactions of Arab-Palestinians in Israel Toward an In-group Member Mixing Hebrew or English With Arabic
Authors: Klar Yechiel , Mar’i Abed Al-Rahman , Halabi Slieman , Basheer Ameer , Basheer Bashir
Published: July 2020

Code-mixing with a dominant language can appeal to members of linguistic minorities because it signals bilingual proficiency, modernity, and social mobility. However, it can also pose a threat to the minority’s group vitality and distinctiveness. In Study 1 ( N = 208), Palestinian citizens of Israel (a linguistic and national minority) listened to a recorded message by a fellow group member, either in pure Arabic or in Arabic mixed with Hebrew or English. Code-mixing elicited negative evaluations. In Study 2 ( N = 276), Arabic mixed with Hebrew was crossed with messages on the relations with the Jewish–Israeli majority. Speakers who advocated full independence from the majority or an impartial view, but expressed linguistic dependency on Hebrew through code-mixing lost credit. Identification with the national group affected the effects in both studies. The implications of code-mixing for identity-related processes and its potential use as a social barometer for intergroup relations are discussed.
Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism following superficial endovenous treatment: A UK and Republic of Ireland consensus study
Authors: Dattani Nikesh , Shalhoub Joseph , Nandhra Sandip , Lane Tristan , Abu-Own Abdulsalam , Elbasty Ahmed , Jones Aled , Duncan Andrew , Garnham Andrew , Thapar Ankur , Murray Anna , Baig Anzar , Saratzis Athanasios , Sharif Atif , Huasen Bella , Dawkins Claire , Nesbitt Craig , Carradice Daniel , Morrow Darren , Bosanquet David , Kavanagh Eamon , Shaikh Faisal , Gosi Gergely , Ambler Graeme , Fulton Gregory , Singh Gurdas , Travers Hannah , Moore Hayley , Olivier James , Hitchman Louise , O’Donohoe Martin , Popplewell Matthew , Medani Mekki , Jenkins Michael , Goh Mingzheng A , Lyons Oliver , McBride Olivia , Moxey Paul , Stather Philip , Burns Phillipa , Forsythe Rachel , Sam Rachel , Brar Ranjeet , Brightwell Robert , Benson Ruth , Onida Sarah , Paravastu Sharath , Lambracos Simon , Vallabhaneni Srinivasa R , Walsh Stewart , Aktar Tasleem , Moloney Tony , Mzimba Zola , Nyamekye Isaac
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Venous thromboembolism is a potentially fatal complication of superficial endovenous treatment. Proper risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis could mitigate this hazard; however, there are currently no evidence-based or consensus guidelines. This study surveyed UK and Republic of Ireland vascular consultants to determine areas of consensus.

Methods

A 32-item survey was sent to vascular consultants via the Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (phase 1). These results generated 10 consensus statements which were redistributed (phase 2). ‘Good’ and ‘very good’ consensus were defined as endorsement/rejection of statements by >67% and >85% of respondents, respectively.

Results

Forty-two consultants completed phase 1. This generated seven statements regarding risk factors mandating peri-procedural pharmacoprophylaxis and three statements regarding specific pharmacoprophylaxis regimes. Forty-seven consultants completed phase 2. Regarding venous thromboembolism risk factors mandating pharmacoprophylaxis, ‘good’ and ‘very good’ consensus was achieved for 5/7 and 2/7 statements, respectively. Regarding specific regimens, ‘very good’ consensus was achieved for 3/3 statements.

Conclusions

The main findings from this study were that there was ‘good’ or ‘very good’ consensus that patients with any of the seven surveyed risk factors should be given pharmacoprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin. High-risk patients should receive one to two weeks of pharmacoprophylaxis rather than a single dose.
Effects of individual factors on perceived emotion and felt emotion of music: Based on machine learning methods
Authors: Xu Liang , Wen Xin , Shi Jiaming , Li Shutong , Xiao Yuhan , Wan Qun , Qian Xiuying
Published: July 2020

Music emotion information is widely used in music information retrieval, music recommendation, music therapy, and so forth. In the field of music emotion recognition (MER), computer scientists extract musical features to identify musical emotions, but this method ignores listeners’ individual differences. Applying machine learning methods, this study formed relations among audio features, individual factors, and music emotions. We used audio features and individual features as inputs to predict the perceived emotion and felt emotion of music, respectively. The results show that real-time individual features (e.g., preference for target music and mechanism indices) can significantly improve the model’s effect, and stable individual features (e.g., sex, music experience, and personality) have no effect. Compared with the recognition models of perceived emotions, the individual features have greater effects on the recognition models of felt emotions.
Family Bullying in Childhood: Consequences for Young Adults
Authors: deLara Ellen W.
Published: July 2020

This study investigated childhood family bullying and explored any ongoing impacts for young adults. Research has demonstrated that peer bullying leads to contemporaneous poor consequences and some inquiries establish adverse effects of peer bullying lasting into adult life. However, family bullying is much less studied and the effects are not well understood. While there is urgency to intervene in peer bullying, this does not extend to family bullying. The aims of this inquiry were to discover what types of childhood bullying occur in families, any ongoing consequences, and how young adults define bullying. The study was a retrospective qualitative inquiry with a purposive sample. There were 43 participants: the majority were female, mean age 24.3 years, and 27% represented minorities. A qualitative description approach based in naturalistic inquiry was employed for data analysis to understand the lived experiences of young adults. NVivo 11 was used for data storage and analysis. A multi-phase coding process was utilized along with thematic analysis. Types of family bullying and participants’ definitions of bullying were generated. Thematic analysis revealed lasting consequences in (a) low self-esteem and shame, (b) eating disorders, and (c) behavioral issues and relationship problems. Outcomes indicate the importance of further research on childhood family bullying as it affects young adult life and the need for researchers as well as practitioners to understand its lifelong impact.
Effects of porosity, profile of thickness, and angular acceleration on the magneto-electro-elastic behavior of a porous FGMEE rotating disc placed in a constant magnetic field
Authors: Saadatfar M , Zarandi MH , Babaelahi M
Published: July 2020

Effects of porosity, profile of thickness and angular deceleration on the stress and deformation of a fluid-saturated functionally graded porous magneto-electro-elastic rotating disc are investigated in this article. Since the angular velocity is taken to be variable, the disc is subjected to Lorentz force in two directions: radial and circumferential. It is assumed that material properties of the disc obey power-law function of radius. The disc is uniformly porous and its thickness varies as a function of radius. First, three coupled governing partial differential equations in terms of the displacement and electric potential are converted to ordinary differential equations employing the separation of variable method. Then, obtained equations are solved using the Runge–Kutta and shooting methods for the case of fixed–free boundary condition. The effect of variable angular velocity, thickness profile, inhomogeneity index, porosity, and magnetic field is studied and illustrated graphically. The results demonstrate that considering angular acceleration for the disc has a considerable effect on the Lorentz force resulted from the magnetic field. Besides, the angular velocity constant has a significant effect on the stresses and displacements in the presence of the magnetic field.