bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores de protección de caries dental y su efectividad de aplicación, en los menores de 6 a 9 años: Resultados de estudio piloto.
Authors: Romero Vásquez María Isabel , Romero Urrea Holguer Estuardo
Published: March 2019

Introducción: De acuerdo a datos publicados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud 60%-90% de los escolares tienen caries dental a nivel mundial. Para efectuar cambios concretos hay que intervenir en edades susceptibles a cambios, como es la etapa de 6 a 12 años. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de la aplicación de los factores de protección de la caries dental en los menores de 6 a 9 años. Materiales y Métodos: investigación de tipo cuantitativa, documental, longitudinal y experimental, se llevó a cabo en una muestra heterogénea de 60 menores, que conformaron dos grupos: experimental y control, se realiza un diagnóstico inicial a los dos grupos, sus resultados constituyen la línea base al experimental se efectuaron procedimientos de profilaxis, aplicación tópica de flúor y sellantes, con criterios de riesgo, y el de control no estuvo expuesto, en la segunda intervención se realiza una evaluación final. Para la recolección de datos se usa instrumento validado por juicio de expertos. Resultados: Hubo variación significativa en la disminución de índices de placa bacteriana, cálculo dental, gingivitis, caries dental y proporción de molares sellados. Conclusiones: La aplicación de factores de protección es efectiva en el control de los factores riesgo y prevalencia de caries dental, mejorando niveles de higiene oral, así como proporción de molares permanentes sellados en los menores evaluados. Una vez validado el instrumento se aplicará a la totalidad de la muestra.
Turismo en Vilcabamba: Impacto y evolución del ingreso de turistas frente a la oferta turística del sector entre los años 2017 y 2018.
Authors: Paladines Gustavo Vladimir , Suárez Velasco Jenny Elizabeth , Salinas Chávez Eros , Echarri Chávez Maité
Published: March 2019

El turismo en Vilcabamba se ha convertido en una actividad con alto potencial para el desarrollo de la localidad. Si bien esto inició por la proliferación de rumores de que el sector promueve la buena salud y una larga vida, también ha generado el incremento de formas de turismo que han impactado en el medio ambiente, las costumbres y el estilo de vida de la población, como el turismo residencial; o por la oferta turística gestionada por la empresa privada e inclusive por turistas extranjeros residentes. Para el desarrollo del estudio se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, mediante la aplicación de encuestas a la población, a los turistas, y entrevistas a representantes del sector turístico de Vilcabamba. Entre los resultados se observó que el porcentaje de población dedicado al turismo es cercano a la tercera parte de la población total, y que una cuarta parte de la misma califica al turismo como negativo debido a su impacto en el medio ambiente y la tranquilidad típica de Vilcabamba. Se evidenció también que existe una brecha entre el ingreso de turistas y la oferta turística, siendo esta menor a la proporción de visitantes, lo que crea una oportunidad para impulsar el turismo comunitario.
Entorno personal de aprendizaje (PLE) basado en objetos virtuales como refuerzo en matemáticas.
Authors: Martínez García Diana Nancy
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad la elaboración de un entorno personal de aprendizaje para el refuerzo de matemáticas en los alumnos de octavo año de educación general básica. La metodología de investigación utilizada es la exploratoria por cuanto no existe un modelo anterior en un contexto educativo propio que sirva de base para el desarrollo del trabajo. Se optó también por una combinación de dos tipos de metodología de desarrollo como el diseño instruccional para desarrollo de objetos de aprendizaje basado en el modelo ADDIE y la metodología ADITE para la producción de medios instruccionales de carácter informático. La extracción de información se realizó por medio de encuestas, que se aplicaron a una muestra de 30 docentes en 3 unidades educativas de la ciudad de Ambato. En dichas encuestas se indagó sobre la integración de recursos TIC en la práctica académica de los docentes. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que todavía es escaso el número de profesores que utilizan herramientas tecnológicas para potenciar su práctica docente. El PLE o entorno personal de aprendizaje se apoya en una plataforma virtual conocida como Wix en donde se integran diferentes herramientas que permiten armar la estructura del PLE, el cual abarca actividades correspondientes a los cuatro primeros bloques curriculares establecidos por el Ministerio de Educación, además de un módulo de actividades de evaluación que contribuye al refuerzo del área de matemáticas en temas específicos y permite potenciar el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje.
Factores que determinan la viabilidad de los emprendimientos
Authors: Pilaguano Mendoza José Gabriel , Suárez Navarrete Homero Eudoro , Sánchez Salazar Marcelo Eduardo , Cevallos Silva William Patricio
Published: March 2019

La propuesta permite determinar que los emprendimientos aportan al desarrollo económico, el presente estudio permitirá construir un proceso concertado con el aporte de las capacidades y derechos ciudadanos en ámbitos territoriales y político-administrativos, abarcará la construcción de unidades de planificación, de diseño de estrategias y proyectos de desarrollo con base en los recursos, necesidades e iniciativas locales. Este proceso incorpora las dinámicas del desarrollo sectorial, funcional y territorial, que se emprenden desde el Estado, las organizaciones sociales y la empresa privada en el territorio. Los emprendimientos son de forma integral; es decir, incorpora en el diseño de sus planes al conjunto de dimensiones presentes en el territorio: social, económico, ambiental. Por ello, iniciar emprendimientos de desarrollo local debe permitir favorecer el crecimiento económico, la democracia política y el progreso social, de modo que se vaya alcanzando un desarrollo humano sostenible. Es un proceso que promoverá el gobierno local en alianza con otros agentes, con el propósito de ampliar la base económica local, acumulando y capitalizando sus excedentes, fortaleciendo el tejido económico y generando el desarrollo de un entorno competitivo, que posibilite el desarrollo de las empresas, la generación de empleo local y luchar de manera efectiva contra la pobreza.
Quality and vitamin A status assessment of different commercial edible oil
Authors: Lisa SA , Khan S , Kabir MA , Islam F , Mohajan S , Chowdhury K
Published: March 2019

The present study was done to evaluate the quality and the vitamin A fortification status of 5 types of commercial edible oils sold in Dhaka city markets. The percentages of free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (POV), iodine value (IV) and fatty acid composition were estimated to evaluate the quality and vitamin A content were determined to evaluate the vitamin A fortification status of 25 commercial edible oils- soybean oil, sunflower oil, rice bran oil, mustard oil and palm olein (5 brands of each) . The results revealed that FFA, POV and IV of the commercial oils analyzed were within the BSTI standard limits. The highest saturated fatty acids (SFA) values ranging from 39.85 ± 0.005 to 46.97 ± 0.002 % was found in palm olein samples and the lowest SFA values ranging from 4.56 ± 0.031 to 6.97 ± 0.096 % was found in mustard oils. On the other hand, mustard oils contained highest monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) ranging from 69.30 ± 0.189 to 75.87 ± 0.069 % compared to other oils analyzed. Highest polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were recorded in sunflower oils 64.78 ± 0.035% followed by soybean oils 63.25 ± 0.245%. In addition, except sunflower and mustard oils, vitamin A was found in all the soybean and rice bran oils analyzed. On the contrary, vitamin A was found only in 60% of the palm olein samples analyzed and the content was much lower than the standard value (15-30 ppm).

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(1), 11-20, 2019
Spór o depresję. Czy fenomenologicznie zorientowana filozofia psychiatrii rozwiąże problemy psychiatrii redukcjonistycznej?
Authors: Białek Maja
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie sporu dotyczącego trudności w diagnozowaniu, definiowaniu i leczeniu depresji toczącego się w ramach redukcjonistycznej psychiatrii biologicznej, a także odpowiedź na pytanie, czy nowe podejście do zaburzeń psychicznych oferowane przez filozofów psychiatrii wywodzących się z nurtu fenomenologicznego i paradygmatu ucieleśnionego poznania rozwiązuje owe trudności. Problematyczne zagadnienia związane ściśle z depresją przedstawiam w kontekście głównych wskazywanych obecnie problemów psychiatrii redukcjonistycznej. Po tym wprowadzeniu prezentuję enaktywistyczne, fenomenologiczne i ucieleśnione koncepcje dotyczące depresji, w tym terapii depresji. Na koniec rozważam, na ile owe koncepcje istotnie wykraczają poza nurty już obecne w psychiatrii. Wskazuję również, pod jakimi względami omawiane koncepcje w filozofii psychiatrii mogą okazać się pożyteczne, nawet jeśli z różnych względów nie rozwiązują wielu ze wskazanych problemów psychiatrii redukcjonistycznej.
O papel da enfermagem do trabalho na prevenção de riscos dos trabalhadores expostos aos agrotóxicos: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Martins Victor Hugo da Silva , Carvalho Marilia Andrada Brito , Belfort Lucas Rafael Monteiro , Guisande Tatiana Carla Carvalho Amorim , Santos Thiago das Virgens
Published: March 2019

O objetivo do estudo é estabelecer os principais aspectos da exposição do trabalhador aos agentes químicos e definir a relação com os riscos capazes de tornar instáveis a sua saúde e qualidade de vida. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, onde foram compilados e analisados, em caráter teórico, os estudos e trabalhos disponibilizados na plataforma SCIELO e Google Acadêmico. Como resultados, as ações da enfermagem do trabalho na conscientização dos agentes participantes, as ações de grau estratégico para manter as condições psicológicas e físicas, a participação efetiva dos estados e órgãos na formulação de propostas preventivas, a relevância de equipamentos de proteção visando à eliminação dos riscos e reforçando a segurança pessoal do trabalhador, são pontos fortes e positivos para a prevenção do risco para os trabalhadores. O envolvimento dos profissionais da enfermagem do trabalho na construção e implementação das ações e programas precisa ser estimulada, pontuando-se os esforços sistematizados na área de saúde, principalmente na atenção primária à saúde.
Produção de subjetividades e convivência escolar
Authors: Zucolotto Marcele Pereira Da Rosa , Limachi Elysangela Koglin Ulo , Nass Isabelle Rittes
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de um estudo que buscou problematizar a questão da convivência escolar a partir da perspectiva da construção da subjetividade. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito do conceito de subjetividade, buscando possibilidades para ampliar a reflexão sobre a convivência escolar. Assim, por meio de uma breve contextualização histórica a respeito dos processos de construção de subjetividades e da instituição escolar tal como conhecemos, foi possível entender que esta se configura como um espaço não somente de transmissão de conhecimentos objetivos a partir das disciplinas, mas também como um local de socialização no qual todos os sujeitos envolvidos são subjetivados. Pôde-se perceber que a fragmentação da escola impede o desenvolvimento de uma percepção global acarretando um aumento no grau de angústia, solidão, isolamento e consumismo, fatores característicos da subjetividade denominada capitalística. Em decorrência da fragilidade das relações, na convivência escolar, são frequentes ações de exclusão, desrespeito e resistência. Portanto, a necessidade de pensar na convivência democrática se torna fundamental para a construção de sujeitos ativos e cada vez mais capazes de levar em conta os valores da coletividade.
Sala de apoio e ludicidade: adaptação de jogos como auxilio da aprendizagem
Authors: Alt Amanda Laura Siqueira , Monteiro Edenar Souza , Nascimento Fabiana Flavia Magalhães , Castro Flavio Marcelo Bueno
Published: March 2019

O texto discute a aprendizagem através da ludicidade com a utilização do jogo da memória adaptado para o ensino de português e matemática aos alunos do quarto e sexto anos do ensino fundamental atendidos na Sala de Apoio. Os autores que deram suporte à pesquisa discutem sobre jogos nas séries iniciais, formação de professores e a prática do professor. Na metodologia, os autores discutem sobre pesquisa qualitativa com a utilização do método descritivo e experimental. Como resultado percebeu-se a melhora significativa dos alunos em relação à aprendizagem em português e matemática.  Portanto, os estudos apontaram que os alunos demonstraram assimilação com relação às habilidades e competências no decorrer das partidas. Apontaram também que as associações e relações de português e matemática foram sendo trabalhadas em outras atividades curriculares propostas pela professora da Sala de Apoio.
Problemas patológicos - Estudo de caso na Escola Estadual Antônio Papini em João Monlevade/MG
Authors: Aleixo Hugo Sávio Penna , Eloy Gilciara Rocha , Silva Junior Ladir Antonio
Published: March 2019

As etapas que englobam o ciclo de vida de uma construção, como um bom planejamento das atividades, aliados a projetos detalhados, que sejam fielmente seguidos com excelência e qualidade durante a execução, além das manutenções programadas na fase de uso, podem contribuir positivamente para que esse ciclo se cumpra ou se prolongue. Este artigo tem por objetivo, apresentar um estudo de caso sobre manifestações patológicas voltadas para o processo de fissuração em paredes de alvenaria e no sistema de pisos, com aberturas medianas, ocorridas em algumas salas de aula e no piso da biblioteca da Escola Estadual Antônio Papini, na cidade de João Monlevade - MG. Durante o processo analisou-se as manifestações patológicas no que diz respeito aos sintomas, origens, mecanismos, causas e por fim, na definição da melhor conduta para reparo. Este estudo, apoiou-se em dados disponíveis na literatura, que nortearam as classificações patológicas, bem como as definições de conduta, além da busca e acesso aos projetos arquitetônicos, vistorias ao local, relatório fotográfico e reprodução gráfica dos ambientes, para comparar as circunstâncias e elucidar as tomadas de decisões. Os resultados obtidos após o estudo de caso são contemplados no corpo do trabalho. A relevância deste estudo está no levantamento de manifestações patológicas em uma escola pública da cidade, e suas possíveis interferências no desempenho global da edificação.
Uma proposta de pesquisa: aproveitamento das ondas do mar no porto do Pecém-Ceará
Authors: Monteiro Aldayr de Oliveira , Jucá Sandro César Silveira , Silva Solonildo Almeida da , Rocha Paulo César da Silva
Published: March 2019

Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma pesquisa sobre o andamento do projeto da usina das ondas do mar no porto do Pecém no Ceará, analisando os impactos econômicos, ambientais e sociais da implementação da usina como fonte de energia alternativa renovável. Durante a pesquisa, pretendemos estar diagnosticando em campo como a usina das ondas está funcionando, avaliando quais possíveis impactos ambientais ou não o módulo de usina poderá ocasionar na região. No artigo, Explanaremos sobre as principais características das ondas do mar e a relevância de se investir na geração de energias limpas. O uso da força das ondas é uma alternativa interessante como geração de energia, já que usa uma matriz renovável que não se esgotará e, portanto, promoverá o desenvolvimento sustentável daqueles que aderirem a essa forma de geração limpa de energia.
Câncer gestacional: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Bezerra Nadyr Cristina , Martins Victor Hugo da Silva , Guisande Tatiana Carla Carvalho Amorim , Santos Thiago das Virgens , Carvalho Marília Andrada Brito , Belfort Lucas Rafael Monteiro
Published: March 2019

O artigo fala sobre o câncer gestacional. Esse tipo de neoplasia ocorre apenas em grávidas, ou até um ano após o parto, onde inclui a fase da lactação. O índice ainda é relativamente “pequeno”, porém, como foi observado nos estudos, esses números estão crescendo cada vez mais. Pois, as mulheres atualmente, estão prorrogando a gestação, em busca da sua liberdade financeira. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, realizada através da busca em revistas eletrônicas, manuais, portarias e sites governamentais, apresentando dados sobre o câncer gestacional no Brasil. Conclui-se que, essa neoplasia é uma enfermidade grave. Assim, é importante que os profissionais de saúde, principalmente a enfermagem, tenham o conhecimento sobre esse assunto, para sua atualização constante. Esse artigo tem como objetivo explicitar a importância do conhecimento sobre o câncer gestacional e mostrar que com o passar dos dias, o câncer gestacional está cada vez mais comum entre as gestantes.
SIMULASI BENCANA BAGI MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI
Authors: Kanita Maria Wisnu
Published: March 2019

Mahasiswa keperawatan harus dibekali dengan pengetahuan dan kemampuan keperawatan bencana melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan. Simulasi bencana dikembangkan sebagai metode pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa keperawatan untuk memiliki kompetensi yang dibutuhkan selama bencana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi mahasiswa keperawatan mengenai simulasi bencana. Studi fenomenologi dilakukan dengan menggunakan focus group discussion. Sebanyak tujuh mahasiswa keperawatan diwawancarai terkait dengan simulasi bencana yang telah mereka lakukan sebelumnya. Ketujuh orang tersebut merupakan peserta pertama dari simulasi bencana. Tujuh tema telah diperoleh, - upaya perwujudan simulasi bencana, kebutuhan simulasi bencana, respons terhadap simulasi bencana, hambatan pelaksanaan, potensi metode simulasi, pengembangan keperawatan bencana di Indonesia, peningkatan mendasar bencana keperawatan di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki banyak daerah rawan bencana. mahasiswa keperawatan perlu dibekali dengan kompetensi keperawatan bencana untuk mempersiapkan lulusan secara memadai untuk berpartisipasi ketika bencana terjadi. Pengembangan simulasi bencana sebagai metode pembelajaran membutuhkan dukungan dari berbagai pihak pembuat kebijakan. Simulasi bencana sebagai metode pembelajaran sebagai upaya pengembangan keperawatan bencana di Indonesia.

Kata kunci: simulasi bencana, keperawatan, fenomenologi
Um roteiro de pesquisa: algumas considerações sobre o Movimento de Educação de Base
Authors: Farias Sara Oliveira
Published: March 2019

Recebido:    02/04/2018 Aprovado:    26/05/2018Publicado:   10/06/2018O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas contribuições de pesquisa e estudo sobre o Movimento de Educação de Base-MEB, sobretudo a partir da análise do material como relatórios anuais, cartilha, canções, produzidas pela equipe do MEB, no Brasil dos anos de 1960. Nesse sentido, o artigo centraliza sua análise nos  discursos e práticas do movimento. Palavras-chave: MEB, educação, política, religião
A recomposição da história política e das ideias a partir da história dos conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck
Authors: De Abreu Tenner Inauhiny
Published: March 2019

Recebido:    17/03/2018 Aprovado:   29/05/2018Publicado:  10/06/2018O presente ensaio discute, de forma sumária, algumas questões em torno das possibilidades teórico-metodológicas e uma vinculação da história política e das ideias, mesmo que de maneira renovada, à história dos conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck. Tal escolha faz parte das discursões em torno da História Política, mais especificamente uma abordagem social do político. Justifica-se a escolha do tema por compreendermos a relevância, para a teoria do pensamento político e social das contribuições do projeto intelectual de Koselleck conhecido com história conceitual, para o campo atual da história do político.Palavras-chave: História política; história das ideias; história dos conceitos
Território financeirizado: as determinações territoriais dos desembolsos do BNDES ao setor sucroenergético no Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil.
Authors: Borges Ana Claudia Giannini , Souza José Gilberto de
Published: March 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a articulação entre os financiamentos do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES), realizados para o setor sucroenergético do Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, e as determinações territoriais engendradas a partir desta dinâmica de financeirização. Destaca-se a importância do antivalor na lógica de acumulação e reprodução. A análise espacial é realizada para os municípios, microrregiões e mesorregiões, considerando a área plantada, a quantidade moída de cana-de-açúcar e o número de unidades produtivas. Verificou-se que o maior volume de recurso foi direcionado ao estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, que apresentou aumento maior na área plantada de cana-de-açúcar, no número de agroindústrias sucroenergéticas, na capacidade de moagem e na área de cultivo. Evidencia-se que a lógica de financiamento do BNDES contribuiu para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento do setor sucroenergético nos estados analisados e, portanto, para alterar a forma de ocupação e uso da terra e acentuar as contradições nas áreas rurais destes estados brasileiros.
Entre deux eaux : courants thérapeutiques franco-brésiliens dans le processus de balnéarisation de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Huerta Antoine
Published: March 2019

Le XIXe siècle fut à Rio de Janeiro une période où se développèrent les pratiques des bains de mer sous l’influence de médecins et physiciens français qui en faisaient la propagande à des fins préventives et curatives. Certains vivaient dans ce pays ou y restaient suffisamment longtemps pour y faciliter la diffusion de leur pensée. Ils encourageaient la pratique du bain thérapeutique dans leurs œuvres lues par une large part de la population cultivée. Leur impact fut remarquable sur le développement de la balnéothérapie au Brésil et ce discours hygiéniste eut une singulière force de modification de l’espace urbain. Les différentes étapes de cette évolution sont étudiées grâce à une approche qualitative qui montre les aspects les plus saillants de l’implication médicale française dans le processus de balnéarisation carioca. La mise en place des transferts culturels et l’analyse du rôle de certains médiateurs sont privilégiées pour valoriser les modèles médicaux ayant participé à l’émergence de la culture thermale brésilienne et la circulation atlantique qui consacra les modèles d’urbanisme et d’architecture balnéaires.
Un secteur agricole sous-estimé dans la lutte face au changement climatique ? Le cas de la région industrielle du Grande ABC
Authors: Andreadakis Alexia
Published: March 2019

La région du Grande ABC est un territoire industriel situé au sud de la municipalité de São Paulo et inclue dans la région métropolitaine de São Paulo. Entre espaces urbains industriels denses et espaces naturels convoités, ce territoire est confronté à de nombreuses vulnérabilités environnementales. Dans un contexte de prise en compte des vulnérabilités climatiques, le Consortium Intermunicipal du Grande ABC a réalisé sa première planification climatique en 2016, qui a conduit à la marginalisation de certains secteurs, notamment le secteur agricole. En nous attardant sur les caractéristiques de ce secteur d’activité et particulièrement sa fonction de développement territorial et de préservateur d’espaces, les potentialités de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine et son rôle à jouer dans la lutte contre le changement climatique vont être interrogées. Cette étude amorce donc une réflexion sur la possible intégration de ce secteur agricole dans la planification climatique et plus largement sur la considération de ce secteur comme outil d’adaptation et de mitigation d’un territoire urbain industriel face au changement climatique. La place du secteur agricole dans la recherche d’une durabilité territoriale est ainsi soulevée. En effet, ce secteur permettrait le développement d’une relation soutenable à bénéfices réciproques entre l’ensemble des espaces ruraux et urbains de ce territoire.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new pyrazoline derivatives bearing sulfanilamido moiety
Authors: Almahdi Maysoon Mohammed , Saeed Ahmed Elsadig Mohammed , Metwally Nadia Hanafy
Published: March 2019

In the present study, a series of new pyrazoline derivatives bearing sulfanilamido moiety were synthesized and obtained in good yields. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectral data (FT-IR, MS, UV-VIS and NMR). The synthesized compounds 41-70 were screened for their antimicrobial activity and compared with controls. The in vitro antibacterial activity of compounds 41-45 and 48-57 was checked against two Gram positive microorganisms (S. aureus and S. mutans) and three Gram negative microorganisms (E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aureginosa), their antifungal activity was checked against C. albicans. The preliminary results showed that these compounds had moderate activity against the tested organisms. Compounds 41, 48, 51 and 56 exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against S. aureus compared to standard drug Ampicilin. Final synthesized compounds 58-70 were tested against two Gram positive (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and two Gram negative (E. coli and P. aureginosa) microorganisms, their activity against C. albicans was also checked and they did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity.
Synthesis of new 6-substituent 2-phenyl and 2-(furan-2-yl)-3-phenyl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives
Authors: Hajalsiddig Tawassl Tajelsir Hassan , Saeed Ahmed Elsadig Mohammed
Published: March 2019

A synthesis of substituted quinolines has been achieved by the Doebner reaction which is a three component coupling of arylaldehyde, p-amino-acetophenone and phenyl pyruvic acid. The products of 2,3-diary-6-acetyl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acids were obtained by Claisen Schmidt condensation reaction with aldehydes in the presence of sodium hydroxide in order to give the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. The substituted α,β-unsaturated carbonyls were condensed with urea, thiourea, hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, semicarbazide hydrochloride and ethanolamine to synthesized 2-pyrimidinone, 2-pyrimidinethion, pyrazoline-1-phenyl, pyrazoline, pyrazoline-1-carboxamide and 1,4-oxazepines derivatives, respectively, with good yields. The purity and identities of products were elucidated through thin layer chromatography (TLC), melting point and spectroscopic data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-Mass).
Synthesis, characterization and thermal decomposition of ethyl-2’-amino-5’-cyano-6’-(1H-indole-3yl)-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4’-pyran]-3’-carboxylate under non‐isothermal condition in nitrogen atmosphere
Authors: Nalini Ganesan , Jayachandramani Natesan , Suresh Radhakrishnan , Thirumurugan Prakasam , Thanikachalam Venugopal , Manikandan Govindasamy , Sankari Dharmalingam
Published: March 2019

A new compound, spiro-oxindole derivative compound namely ethyl-2ʹ-amino-5ʹ-cyano-6ʹ-(1H-indole-3yl)-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4ʹ-pyran]-3ʹ-carboxylate (EACIOIPC) has been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, FT-IR, mass spectrum and NMR (1H and 13C) techniques. The thermal decomposition of the compound was studied by thermogravimetric analysis under dynamic nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates of 10, 15, 20 and 30 K/min. The kinetic parameters were calculated using model-free (Friedman’s, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods) and model-fitting (Coats and Redfern (CR)) methods. The decomposition process of EACIOIPC followed a single step mechanism as evidenced from the data. Existence of compensation effect is noticed for the decomposition of EACIOIPC. Invariant kinetic parameters are consistent with the average values obtained by Friedman and KAS in conversional methods.
Feminist Aims and a Trans-Inclusive Definition of “Woman”
Authors: Kirkland Katie L.
Published: March 2019

In “Amelioration and Inclusion: Gender Identity and the Concept of Woman,” Katharine Jenkins argues that Sally Haslanger’s focal analysis of gender problematically excludes nonpassing trans women from the category “woman.” However, Jenkins does not explain why this exclusion contradicts the feminist aims of Haslanger’s account. In this paper, I advance two arguments that suggest that a trans-inclusive account of “woman” is crucial to the aims of feminism. I claim that the aims of feminism are to understand and combat women’s oppression. First, I argue that denial of trans identities reinforces cultural ideas that perpetuate both transphobic violence and sexual violence against women. Consequently, a feminist account of “woman” that fails to respect trans identities indirectly contributes to the oppression of women. Second, I prove that nonpassing trans women are oppressed as women through the internalization of sexual objectification. I then conclude that an account of “woman” that excludes nonpassing trans women cannot successfully advance a complete understanding of women’s oppression.
Post-Ebola Epidemic and Sustenance of Healthy Behaviour, Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: Undelikwo Veronica Akwenabuaye , Eneji Rosemary Ine , Nwagbara Eucharia Nwabugo
Published: March 2019

In 2014 the Ebola virus disease became a significant health challenge in much of West Africa, notably Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, even Nigeria. The Ebola epidemic knows no geographical boundary as both developed and developing countries are susceptible to its menace. Key facts about the disease and what could be done to mitigate its spread were awash in both the print and electronic media at the height of its outbreak. There was increased awareness of personal hygiene practices of constant washing of hands and using hand-sanitizers. Body temperature was checked in public places such as airports, schools, etc. There were hardly anywhere, home or organization that you will not find sanitizers and clean water dispensers for hand-washing strategically stationed. 798 respondents from the University of Calabar (staff and students) were surveyed as well as five key informants for in-depth information on what has become of the healthy hygienic practices, and to determine whether Nigerians are still conscious of Ebola and how to achieve sustained healthy practices even after the epidemic. These preventive practices need to be intensified and sustained to consolidate the gains attained in the fight against the dreaded virus. We found a total decline in safety practices by individuals and organizations and this itself raises a major concern about their repercussions, given the paucity and unpreparedness of healthcare facilities. Worse still, relevant agencies such as the print and electronic media are no longer carrying out the awareness campaign.
Sectoral Differences in Labor Productivity Growth: Estimation and Modeling
Authors: Roson Roberto
Published: March 2019

This study provides some empirical evidence and quantification of differences in labor productivity among industries and countries. Using a recently available data base of value added per worker, country and time fixed effects are estimated first for various industries. Results are subsequently elaborated, to identify some time trends and sectoral profiles by country, which are in turn employed in a cluster analysis, summarizing some salient characteristics of industrial labor productivity in different economies. The empirical exercise is motivated by the possible employment of its findings in the construction of long-run economic growth scenarios, by means of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. It is found that: (a) Manufacturing is normally the fastest growing sector and its performance is strongly correlated with the aggregate productivity growth; (b) differences in the rates of agricultural productivity gains are relatively minor; (c) slow-growing countries are characterized by slow-growing Services.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 11, No. 2
Authors: Chen William
Published: March 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2019
Reviewer acknowledgements for Environment and Pollution, Vol. 8, No. 1
Authors: John Albert
Published: March 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Environment and Pollution, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2019.
A Comparison of Seattle’s Building Tune-up Process
Authors: Stukalo Sharon
Published: March 2019

The Building Tune-up process has been in incorporated into the mindset of building owners in Seattle. Every five years this process needs to be implemented for all buildings that are over 50,000 square feet. Boulder, Colorado, and New York City, New York, have had similar programs in place longer than Seattle has had its program. There are many similarities between all three programs in regards to lowering carbon emissions through building maintenance and upgrades. Each city has specific bench marking goals as per what size of the building and when their specific tune-up should occur. There are also similar concerns from both building owners in regards to the costs of building upgrades versus the benefits that align with improved building performance. Within all three cities, tenants also share similar concerns mostly about increased rent due to having these buildings be improved. Both Boulder, Colorado, and New York City, New York, despite population size or location, have seen dramatic carbon decreases due to their tune-up policies being in effect. This gives great promise that Seattle’s similar tune-up process will also yield positive results.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 12, No. 2
Authors: Sun Sherry
Published: March 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019
Methanolic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) from Waste Materials
Authors: Michael Abatyough Terungwa , Ajibola V. O. , Agbaji E. B. , Yusuf James
Published: March 2019

Waste materials (carbide slurry and waste cooking oil) were explored in esterification and transesterification reactions as a viable alternative to a sustainable transport fuel production. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques showed that the prepared calcium oxide had improved basic sites, calcium content and surface morphology respectively. Reduced glycerol and free fatty acids enhanced mass transfer of moieties. Alkali was supported on the calcium oxide as a bimetallic catalyst. Biodiesel prepared from the esterified high FFA oils using prepared NaOH/CaO catalyst gave good quality yield and it compared favorably with other catalysts obtaining 92.2 ± 0.31% with the prepared catalyst, 90.2 ±0.57 with ACl3 and 89.7± 0.16 with NaOH. The reusability of the prepared NaOH/CaO catalyst gave an appreciable yield of 74.5% on the fourth reaction cycle.
Evaluation of Antifibrin, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Betel Leaves (Piper betel L.)
Authors: Manideep Kollipara Venkata , Anusha Pattipati , Babu Mulpuri Ramesh , Gupta B. R. S. S. Srinivas , Swathi M. , Rekha V. P. B.
Published: March 2019

Piper betel L. belongs to the family Piperaceae. It has been an important medicinal agent since ages in various traditional and folk systems of medicine. Leaves obtained from the local market were shade dried and powdered. Different solvents were used based on polarity to extract phytochemicals from this powder using a Soxhlet extractor and separated using rotary vacuum evaporator. Thin layer chromatography was run using different solvent systems in different ratios for identifying essential compounds of Piper betel and for standardizing the ratios at which better resolution of compounds taken place. Antimicrobial activities were tested on twelve bacterial and three fungal species. Also, anti fibrin activity was tested on erythrocytes by using the extracts obtained by the plant. The zone of inhibitions formed due to the anti microbial activity were measured and found that mixtures of ethyl acetate and ethanol were effective. The percentage of clot lysis was found to be appreciable for ethyl acetate extract of the Piper leaves.
Corpus callosum axon diameter relates to cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Huang Susie Y. , Fan Qiuyun , Machado Natalya , Eloyan Ani , Bireley John D. , Russo Andrew W. , Tobyne Sean M. , Patel Kevin R. , Brewer Kristina , Rapaport Sarah F. , Nummenmaa Aapo , Witzel Thomas , Sherman Janet C. , Wald Lawrence L. , Klawiter Eric C.
Published: March 2019

Objective

To evaluate alterations in apparent axon diameter and axon density obtained by high‐gradient diffusion MRI in the corpus callosum of MS patients and the relationship of these advanced diffusion MRI metrics to neurologic disability and cognitive impairment in MS.

Methods

Thirty people with MS (23 relapsing‐remitting MS [RRMS], 7 progressive MS [PMS]) and 23 healthy controls were scanned on a human 3‐tesla (3T) MRI scanner equipped with 300 mT/m maximum gradient strength using a comprehensive multishell diffusion MRI protocol. Data were fitted to a three‐compartment geometric model of white matter to estimate apparent axon diameter and axon density in the midline corpus callosum. Neurologic disability and cognitive function were measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), and Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS battery.

Results

Apparent axon diameter was significantly larger and axon density reduced in the normal‐appearing corpus callosum (NACC) of MS patients compared to healthy controls, with similar trends seen in PMS compared to RRMS. Larger apparent axon diameter in the NACC of MS patients correlated with greater disability as measured by the EDSS (r = 0.555, P = 0.007) and poorer performance on the Symbol Digits Modalities Test (r = ‐0.593, P = 0.008) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (r = −0.632, P < 0.01), tests of interhemispheric processing speed and new learning and memory, respectively.

Interpretation

Apparent axon diameter in the corpus callosum obtained from high‐gradient diffusion MRI is a potential imaging biomarker that may be used to understand the development and progression of cognitive impairment in MS.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Danon disease among patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and concomitant electrocardiographic preexcitation
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Xin , Wang Feng , Liang Yingcong , Deng Hai , Liao Hongtao , Zhang Qianhuan , Zhang Bin , Zhan Xianzhang , Fang Xianhong , Shehata Michael , Wang Xunzhang , Xue Yumei , Wu Shulin
Published: March 2019

Background

Cardiac involvement in Danon disease typically manifests as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and ventricular preexcitation. This study aimed to identify patients with Danon disease among patients with LVH and concurrent electrocardiographic preexcitation.

Methods

Electrocardiographic preexcitation was identified in 10 of 197 patients with unexplained LVH in whom genetic testing was performed using next‐generation sequencing.

Results

Three (3/10, 30%) patients with Danon disease were found in association with different mutations in the gene of lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). Compared to seven patients without Danon disease, these three patients presented with distinctive clinical phenotypes, including onset at an earlier age (20 ± 2 years vs. 53 ± 9 years, p < 0.001), more neurological involvements (100% vs. 0, p = 0.008), higher electrocardiographic voltages (10 ± 1 mV vs. 5 ± 1 mV, p < 0.001), wider QRS complexes (163 ± 5 ms vs. 115 ± 20 ms, p = 0.006), less common asymmetric hypertrophy (0% vs. 86%, p = 0.033), and more frequent elevation of three serum enzymes (creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase). Intracellular vacuoles accumulation with deficiencies of LAMP2 protein was found in both cardiac and skeletal myocytes of patients with Danon disease.

Conclusion

In patients with coexistent LVH and ventricular preexcitation, Danon disease is common with distinctive clinical presentations. Comprehensive assessment of these resemble patients can provide valuable findings for early identification and clinical decision making of patients with Danon disease.
Pb2+ adsorption on TiO2@HF‐waste building bricks: Kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms
Authors: Shi Jing , Xing Chao , Chen Yating , Xu Zhengwen , Du Qiong , Cui Yixin
Published: March 2019

Pb2+ pollution poses severe threats to human health and ecosystem. In this study, based on the waste building bricks (WBB), the TiO2@HF‐WBB was prepared for Pb2+ adsorption removal from wastewater. The adsorption of Pb2+ on TiO2@HF‐WBB followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous, and irreversible, and also included physical adsorption and chemical adsorption simultaneously. Ca2+ and Mg2+ had little effect on Pb2+ adsorption. The effluent of fixed‐bed was below 3 μg/L within 1,000 BV. The desorption rate could reach 90% by simple operation. The possible mechanisms included the electrostatic interaction and the complexation.

Practitioner points

Waste building bricks were utilized for Pb2+ removal from wastewater.

The effluent of fixed‐bed was below 3 μg/L within 1,000 BV.

TiO2@HF‐WBB has excellent adsorption property and desorption property.

Possible mechanisms are electrostatic interaction and the complexation.
State structure, technological leadership and the maintenance of hegemony
Authors: DREZNER DANIEL
Published: March 2019

The importance of technological innovation to economic growth and state power is generally acknowledged in international relations. Less attention has been paid to the state's precise role in fostering innovation. This article argues that, contrary to realism, a centralized state is ill-suited to fostering innovation, particularly for technological leaders. Centralized states are more likely to make errors in crafting policy, and those errors cannot be reversed at the regional or local level. Decentralized states are better suited for the required tasks in fostering innovation. These hypotheses are tested against the Anglo–German rivalry for technological leadership in the late nineteenth century, and the US–Japanese rivalry of the last twenty years. In both cases the more centralized regime—Great Britain and Japan—faltered after initial successes. This suggests a tension within great powers. Policymakers prefer a strong, centralized state to facilitate policymaking. However, the evidence suggests that a decentralized state structure is a necessary condition for states to sustain themselves at the technological frontier.
The Less Satisfactory Materials of Aircracft Construction
Authors: Walpole Captain G.S.
Published: March 2019

From the time when man first made a bow and arrow or a wooden drinking vessel until now he has accumulated such an experience of the properties of wood that he has ceased to regard it as an unsatisfactory material.

Metals, too, whether as swords or ploughshares, may be worked with that precision and possess that du rability which cannot fail to be a source of satisfaction.
“Fog Conditions.”
Authors: Taylor G. I.
Published: March 2019

If fog be regarded as any condition of the atmosphere near the ground when objects at a distance are hidden by small particles in the air, it is convenient to divide fog into two classes-those in which particles are so small that they would take a long time to fall to the ground, and those in which the particles are large enough to fall fairly quickly, but in which the supply of particles is continually replenished, so that the air does not clear itself. In this second class would be included sandstorms, in which the supply of particles is replenished from below, and fine rain, in which they come from above. Pilots, however, are not much concermd with fogs of this class. In the first place, sandstorms do not occur in England; and in the second Place, on the occasions when a fine rain is indistinguishable from fog or mist, the clouds are very low, and a pilot would be unlikely to be flying in any case. I have therefore limited myself to fogs of the first class.
Sex-specific pace-of-life syndromes
Authors: Moschilla Joe A , Tomkins Joseph L , Simmons Leigh W
Published: March 2019

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis considers an animal’s behavior, physiology, and life history as nonindependent components of a single integrated phenotype. However, frequent deviations from the expected correlations between POLS traits suggest that these relationships may be context, and potentially, sex dependent. To determine whether the sexes express distinct POLS trait covariance structures, we observed the behavior (mobility, latency to emerge from a shelter), physiology (mass-specific metabolic rate), and life history (life span, development time) of male and female Australian field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). Path analysis modeling suggested that POLS trait covariation differed between the sexes. Although neither sex displayed the complete integration of traits predicted by the POLS hypothesis, females did display greater overall integration with a significant negative correlation between metabolic rate and risk-taking behavior but with life-history traits varying independently. In males, however, there was no clear association between traits. These results suggest that T. oceanicus do indeed display sex-specific trait covariance structures, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging sex in assessments of POLS.
US College Students Are at Increased Risk for Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease
Authors: Marshall Gary S , Dempsey Amanda F , Srivastava Amit , Isturiz Raul E
Published: March 2019

Publicly available surveillance data, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports, and other sources suggest that college students in the United States are at increased risk for meningococcus serogroup B (MenB) disease.

US surveillance data from 2015 to 2017 show that the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) was greater among college students than among those not attending college; the average annual incidence of MenB disease was >5-fold higher among college students, and all college IMD outbreaks between 2011 and March 2019 were caused by MenB.
Auto Credit and the 2005 Bankruptcy Reform: The Impact of Eliminating Cramdowns
Authors: Chakrabarti Rajashri , Pattison Nathaniel
Published: March 2019

Auto lenders were perhaps the biggest winners of the 2005 Bankruptcy Reform, as Chapter 13 bankruptcy filers can no longer “cramdown” the amount owed on recent auto loans. We estimate the causal effect of this anticramdown provision on the price and quantity of auto credit. Exploiting historical variation in states’ usage of Chapter 13 bankruptcy, we find strong evidence that eliminating cramdowns decreased interest rates and some evidence that loan sizes increased among subprime borrowers. The decline in interest rates is persistent and is robust to a battery of sensitivity checks. We rule out other reform changes as possible causes.

Received September 29, 2016; editorial decision January 15, 2019 by Editor Philip Strahan. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.