bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Coexistence Potential of Different Wildlife Conservation Frameworks in a Historical Perspective
Authors: Kaltenborn Bjørn P. , Linnell John D. C.
Published: January 2022

Wildlife management in contemporary society means balancing multiple demands in shared landscapes. Perhaps the greatest question facing today's policy makers and wildlife professionals is how to develop frameworks for coexistence between wildlife and the plethora of other land use interests. As a profession, the roots of wildlife management and conservation can be traced back to the 1600's, but most of the relevant frameworks that have shaped the management of wildlife over time have emerged after the mid-1800's and particularly since the 1960's. Here we examine the historical development of the main traits and concepts of a number of management and conservation frameworks that have all contributed to the multifaceted field of contemporary wildlife management and conservation in Europe and North America. We outline a chronology of concepts and ideologies with their underlying key ideas, values, and operational indicators, and make an assessment of the potential of each paradigm as a coexistence framework for dealing with wildlife. We tie this to a discussion of ethics and argue that the lack of unity in approaches is deeply embedded in the differences between rule-based (deontological) vs. results-based (consequentialist) or context dependent (particularist) ethics. We suggest that some of the conflicts between ideologies, value sets and frameworks can be resolved as an issue of scale and possibly zonation in shared landscapes. We also argue that approaches built on anthropocentrism, value pluralism and environmental pragmatism are most likely to succeed in complex socio-political landscapes. However, we caution against moral relativism and the belief that all types of cultural values are equally valid as a basis for contemporary wildlife management.
Plasma Lipid Profile and Intestinal Microflora in Pregnancy Women With Hypothyroidism and Their Correlation With Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Cai Yanjun , Xu Yajuan , Ban Yanjie , Li Jingjing , Sun Zongzong , Zhang Miao , Wang Biao , Hou Xiaofeng , Hao Yingqi , Ouyang Qian , Wu Bo , Wang Mengqi , Wang Wentao
Published: January 2022

Objective

To investigate the lipid profiles and intestinal microflora in pregnant patients with hypothyroidism and their correlation with pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

In total, 27 pregnant women with hypothyroidism (study case) and 28 normal pregnant women (control group) were enrolled in this study. The lipid profiles and intestinal microflora in the two groups were compared using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, respectively. The association among the differential metabolites, intestinal microflora, serological indicators and pregnancy outcomes was further analyzed.

Results

Patients in study case had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P = 0.025) and lower birth weight (P=0.005) than the control group. A total of 42 differential lipid metabolites and 7 enrichment KEGG pathways were obtained between the two groups (VIP ≥ 1, P < 0.05). Ten lipid metabolites can be used as characteristic metabolites of study case, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (SM). The richness and diversity of intestinal microflora in study case were lower than those in the control group (P>0.05). LEfSe analysis revealed that patients in study case had higher abundance of Prevotella and Haemophilus and lower abundance of Blautia than the control group (P < 0.05). Blautia was positively correlated with SM and negatively correlated with PC and PE; the CRP level and Prevotella were positively correlated; the neonatal weight and PC level were negatively correlated (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The lipid profile and intestinal microflora of pregnant women with hypothyroidism significantly differed from those of normal pregnant women and were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The interaction between lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora may be a potential target for further studies investigating the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism during pregnancy.
PTH1R Actions on Bone Using the cAMP/Protein Kinase A Pathway
Authors: Martin T. John
Published: January 2022

After the initial signaling action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone was shown to be activation of adenylyl cyclase, its target was found to be cells of the osteoblast lineage, to the exclusion of osteoclasts and their precursors. This led to the view that the osteoblast lineage regulated osteoclast formation, a proposal that was established when the molecular mechanisms of osteoclast formation were discovered. This is in addition to the effect of PTH1Rv signaling throughout the osteoblast differentiation process to favour the formation of bone-forming osteoblasts. Initial signaling in the PTH target cells through cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) activation is extremely rapid, and marked by an amplification process in which the later event, PKA activation, precedes cAMP accumulation in time and is achieved at lower concentrations. All of this is consistent with the existence of “spare receptors”, as is the case with several other peptide hormones. PTH-related protein (PTHrP), that was discovered as a cancer product, shares structural similarity with PTH in the amino-terminal domain that allows the hormone, PTH, and the autocrine/paracrine agent, PTHrP, to share actions upon a common G protein coupled receptor, PTH1R, through which they activate adenylyl cyclase with equivalent potencies. Studies of ligand-receptor kinetics have revealed that the PTH/PTH1R ligand-receptor complex, after initial binding and adenylyl cyclase activation at the plasma membrane, is translocated to the endosome, where adenylyl cyclase activation persists for a further short period. This behavior of the PTH1R resembles that of a number of hormones and other agonists that undergo such endosomal translocation. It remains to be determined whether and to what extent the cellular effects through the PTH1R might be influenced when endosomal is added to plasma membrane activation.
Two Sides of the Same Coin—Explaining the Acceptance of CO2-Based Fuels for Aviation Using PLS-SEM by Considering the Production and Product Evaluation
Authors: Simons Lisanne , Engelmann Linda , Arning Katrin , Ziefle Martina
Published: January 2022

In the present study, we studied the acceptance of CO2-based fuels for aviation as a product manufactured using Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU). CCU can be regarded as the cornerstone for a circular approach. We focused on understanding whether the evaluation of CCU as a production method is related to the social acceptance of the resulting product. We applied an empirical quantitative approach using an online questionnaire targeted at German, Spanish, Dutch, and Norwegian respondents (N = 2,187). For both CCU and the fuel, lay perceptions in terms of perceived benefits and barriers were assessed, as well as their affective evaluation. Additionally, the acceptance of the end-product was surveyed. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), we gained a better understanding of how the acceptance of CO2-based fuels for aviation is formed. We found that the evaluation of CCU was mainly indirectly related to the acceptance of the product through relationships with the evaluation of the fuels. The perception of the benefits of CCU did affect the benefit perception of CO2-based fuels the most, followed closely by the affective evaluation of the fuels. For the perception of the barriers of CO2-based fuels, the perceived barriers of CCU were again the strongest predictor, followed by the affective evaluation of the fuels. We identified a moderate predictive power for the acceptance of CO2-based fuels. The relationship with the perceived benefits of the fuels was the most relevant, followed by barrier perceptions, the affective evaluation of the fuels, and finally the benefit perception of CCU. Overall, the findings yield first insights into the role of the evaluation of CCU and CO2-based fuels for aviation for the formation of the product’s acceptance. The outcomes are useful for informing the product’s and CCU’s technical development and policy making. Additionally, they aid in the design of public information about CCU and support the development of sensible communication strategies for the successful market roll-out of CCU and CO2-based fuels.
Analysis of Multi-Frequency Oscillation Stability in a Prosumer Power Network
Authors: Yan Zuanhong , Hong Chao
Published: January 2022

Multi-frequency oscillation is a new type of electromagnetic oscillation issue in power systems caused by the increasing penetration of renewable power and power electronic devices. This study investigates the risks and influencing factors of multi-frequency oscillation in a prosumer power network where a variety of converter-based resources exists. For the feasibility of analysis, the internal and external stability of the study system are defined and analyzed based on sequence impedance models. Analysis results show the impacts of control parameters of prosumers, length of cables, transformer ratios, local grid strength, and power and capacity of prosumers on the risks of oscillation. Accordingly, despite the poorly tuned control parameters, the study system has higher risks of multi-frequency oscillation with longer cables, lower-rated voltage of cables, larger capacity, and inductive power consumption of the neighboring prosumers. Frequency-domain analysis results are demonstrated by EMTDC/PSCAD simulations.
To Achieve Carbon Neutrality Targets in Pakistan: New Insights of Information and Communication Technology and Economic Globalization
Authors: Iqbal Kashif , Hassan Syed Tauseef , Wang Yichu , Shah Muhammad Haroon , Syed Madeeha , Khurshaid Khurshaid
Published: January 2022

In recent years, information and communication technology (ICT) is used in every sphere of life, from business to services, education to culture, infrastructure to transportation, and art to entertainment. The current study aims to assess the impact of ICT, economic growth, and globalization on CO2 emission in the context of Pakistan. For empirical estimation, the current study applied an innovative methodological approach called generalized linear model (GLM) and robust least square (ROBUSTLS) technique for the years 1990–2019. The key finding of this study shows that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on CO2 emission, which confirm that economic growth accelerates the rate of CO2 emission, while the study also reveals that ICT usage (more specifically ICT-internet and ICT-mobilesubscription) has a negative but significant effect on CO2 emission, which confirms that the usage of ICT (more specifically ICT-internet and ICT-mobile subscription) does not contribute positively to CO2 emission. Furthermore, the coefficient of globalization has a positive and significant effect on the CO2 emission, which confirms that globalization accelerates the CO2 emission in the country. Also, the results indicate that ICT usage (more specifically ICT-internet and ICT-mobile subscription) could boost economic growth and mitigate climate change. Based on the policy perspective, the government of Pakistan needs to strategically focus on the ICT sector and more specifically on technological innovations to promote sustainable economic growth in the country.
A Systematic Review on PD-1 Blockade and PD-1 Gene-Editing of CAR-T Cells for Glioma Therapy: From Deciphering to Personalized Medicine
Authors: Abdoli Shadbad Mahdi , Hemmat Nima , Khaze Shahgoli Vahid , Derakhshani Afshin , Baradaran Farzad , Brunetti Oronzo , Fasano Rossella , Bernardini Renato , Silvestris Nicola , Baradaran Behzad
Published: January 2022

Background

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) can attenuate chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses. In this regard, co-administration of anti-PD-1 with CAR-T cells and PD-1 gene-editing of CAR-T cells have been suggested to disrupt this inhibitory axis. Herein, we aim to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches and propose a novel strategy to ameliorate the prognosis of glioma patients.

Methods

Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched to obtain relevant peer-reviewed studies published before March 7, 2021. Then, the current study was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statements. The random-effect model was applied to evaluate the effect size of administrated agents on the survival of animal models bearing gliomas using RevMan version 5.4. The Cochran Q test and I2 were performed to assess the possible between-study heterogeneity. Egger’s and Begg and Mazumdar’s tests were performed to objectively assess potential asymmetry and publication bias using CMA version 2.

Results

Anti-PD-1 can substantially increase the survival of animal models on second-generation CAR-T cells. Also, PD-1 knockdown can remarkably prolong the survival of animal models on third-generation CAR-T cells. Regardless of the CAR-T generations, PD-1 gene-edited CAR-T cells can considerably enhance the survival of animal-bearing gliomas compared to the conventional CAR-T cells.

Conclusions

The single-cell sequencing of tumoral cells and cells residing in the tumor microenvironment can provide valuable insights into the patient-derived neoantigens and the expression profile of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules in tumor bulk. Thus, single-cell sequencing-guided fourth-generation CAR-T cells can cover patient-derived neoantigens expressed in various subpopulations of tumoral cells and inhibit related inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. The proposed approach can improve anti-tumoral immune responses, decrease the risk of immune-related adverse events, reduce the risk of glioma relapse, and address the vast inter-and intra-heterogeneity of gliomas.
Adjustable Magnetic-Control Design of a Metasurface for Sound Insulation
Authors: Xia Pu , Lai Yun , Liu Xiaozhou
Published: January 2022

Magnetic field is one efficient approach to realize non-contact control of materials. Here, we propose a type of membrane-based metasurface consisting of several parts of magnetorheological films embedded with magnetic particles, which enable non-contact control of sound insulation through magnetic field. The abundant degree of freedoms in membrane-type metamaterials are explored by considering composite structures. Through numerical calculations, we have investigated the effect of magnetic field excitation and film composition on the acoustic properties and the performance for sound insulation. We find an optimized model for better adjustability, wider acoustic band, and more balanced performance.
Oridonin Alleviates LPS-Induced Depression by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome via Activation of Autophagy
Authors: Li Chunyan , Zhu Yuehua , Wu Yuanyuan , Fu Meiyuan , Wu Yiling , Wu Yuehong , Qiu Yinger , Zhang Hui , Ding Mingxing
Published: January 2022

Objective: Oridonin (Ori) is a diterpene compound that has multiple biological properties. Here, our study was conducted to observe the therapeutic effect of Ori on depression as well as to uncover the mechanism.

Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression models were established both in C57BL/6 mice and primary astrocytes, which were treated with Ori, autophagy agonist Rapamycin (Rap) and autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). The depressive-like behaviors were assessed with behavioral tests. Autophagy was evaluated in the hippocampus and astrocytes by investigating autophagosomes under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and detecting LC3II/I, Beclin1 and P62 through western blotting. Astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was investigated by immunofluorescence. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was evaluated by detecting IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was quantified via DCFH-DA probe. Autolysosomes, autophagosomes and mitophagy were separately observed through mTag-Wasabi-LC3 plasmid, MitoTracker Deep Red staining, and TEM.

Results: Our results showed that Ori administration alleviated LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors and increased GFAP expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, Ori treatment promoted autophagy activation and cell viability as well as weakened NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ROS accumulation both in LPS-induced mice and astrocytes. Ori promoted the autophagic flux unblocked through enhancing fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes as well as enhanced mitophagy in LPS-treated astrocytes. The therapeutic effect of Ori was enhanced by Rap and weakened by 3-MA.

Conclusion: Collectively, our findings provided a promising antidepressant drug and uncovered that Ori alleviated LPS-induced depression by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome through activation of autophagy.
Expression of lncRNAs NEAT1 and lnc-DC in Serum From Patients With Behçet’s Disease Can Be Used as Predictors of Disease
Authors: Mohammed Shereen Rashad , Abdelaleem Omayma O. , Ahmed Fatma A. , Abdelaziz Ahmed Ali , Hussein Hoda Abdelbadie , Eid Hanaa M. , Kamal Marwa , Ezzat Mostafa Ahmed , Ali Marwa A.
Published: January 2022

Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The early diagnosis of BD is very important to avoid serious and/or fatal complications such as eye damage, severe neurological involvement, and large vessel occlusion. New, sensitive biomarkers would aid in rapid diagnosis, the monitoring of disease activity, and the response to treatment.

Methods: This study’s aim is to identify two immune system-related BD biomarkers. We measured long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 (nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1), and lnc-DC (lncRNA in dendritic cells) in serum by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 52 BD patients and 52 controls. We analyzed the association between NEAT1 and lnc-DC and the clinical parameters of BD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to explore the diagnostic performance of the studied genes.

Results: Compared to controls, the significant upregulation of NEAT1 {median [interquartile range (IQR)] = 1.68 (0.38–7.7), p < 0.0001} and downregulation of lnc-DC [median (IQR) = 0.2 (0.12–1.39), p = 0.03] were detected in the sera collected from BD patients. Higher serum expression levels of NEAT1 and lnc-DC were significantly associated with the following clinical presentations: cutaneous lesions, vascular manifestations, articular manifestations, neurological manifestations, and higher disease activity score. Also, high NEAT1 levels were significantly associated with a negative pathergy test, while higher lnc-DC was significantly associated with a positive family history. ROC curves showed that NEAT1 and lnc-DC levels in serum could be used as predictors of BD with high specificity and fair sensitivity. NEAT1 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.692 (95% CI: 0.591–0.794, p = 0.001), and lnc-DC had an AUC of 0.615 (95% CI: 0.508–0.723, p = 0.043).

Conclusion: Serum lncRNAs NEAT1 and lnc-DC are biomarkers for BD.
Platelet Mitochondrial DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Biomarker of Short-Term Air Pollution Exposure in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Sun Huimin , Li Yanting , Zhang Jianzhong , Shi Teng , Li Xin , Cao Xue , Wang Tao , Kong Nan , Pang Yaxian , Bold Tsendmaa , Zheng Yuxin , Zhang Rong , Tang Jinglong
Published: January 2022

Air pollution exposure is now considered a growing concern for global public health. RNA or DNA methylation changes caused by air pollution may be related to the development of cardiovascular disease. To investigate the early biomarkers of air pollution exposure, a panel study of eight college students recorded after a business trip from Qingdao to Shijiazhuang and back to Qingdao was performed in this work. The concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO in Shijiazhuang was higher than that in Qingdao during the study period. The platelet count was positively correlated with air pollutants of 0–6 day moving averages (βPM2.5 = 88.90; βPM10 = 61.83; βSO2 = 41.13; βNO2 = 57.70; βCO = 62.99, respectively, for an IQR increased). Additionally, internal dose biomarkers 2-OHNa, 1-OHNa, 2-OHFlu, 2,3-OHPhe, and ∑PAHs were also significantly associated with platelet count in participants. Furthermore, PM2.5 and PM10 are positively linked with methylation of one CpG site at platelet mitochondrial gene CO2 (PM2.5 = 0.47; PM10 = 0.25, respectively, for an IQR increase). Both platelet counts and methylation levels returned to their pre-exposure levels after leaving the highly contaminated area. In short, this study investigated the relationship between platelet properties and air pollution exposure, revealing that short-term exposure to air pollution might increase the risk of thrombosis. Our research suggests that platelet count and mitochondrial DNA methylation of mtCO2 site 2 in platelets from healthy adults may be the novel biomarker for acute exposure to air pollution.
Functions and Regulation of Translation Elongation Factors
Authors: Xu Benjin , Liu Ling , Song Guangtao
Published: January 2022

Translation elongation is a key step of protein synthesis, during which the nascent polypeptide chain extends by one amino acid residue during one elongation cycle. More and more data revealed that the elongation is a key regulatory node for translational control in health and disease. During elongation, elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu, eEF1A in eukaryotes) is used to deliver aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the A-site of the ribosome, and elongation factor G (EF-G, EF2 in eukaryotes and archaea) is used to facilitate the translocation of the tRNA2-mRNA complex on the ribosome. Other elongation factors, such as EF-Ts/eEF1B, EF-P/eIF5A, EF4, eEF3, SelB/EFsec, TetO/Tet(M), RelA and BipA, have been found to affect the overall rate of elongation. Here, we made a systematic review on the canonical and non-canonical functions and regulation of these elongation factors. In particular, we discussed the close link between translational factors and human diseases, and clarified how post-translational modifications control the activity of translational factors in tumors.
Potential Metabolite Biomarkers for Early Detection of Stage-I Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cao Yingying , Zhao Rui , Guo Kai , Ren Shuai , Zhang Yaping , Lu Zipeng , Tian Lei , Li Tao , Chen Xiao , Wang Zhongqiu
Published: January 2022

Background & Objectives

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains an extremely malignant tumor having a poor prognosis. The 5-year survival rate of PDAC is related to its stage (about 80% for stage I vs 20% for other stages). However, detection of PDAC in an early stage is difficult due to the lack of effective screening methods. In this study, we aimed to construct a novel metabolic model for stage-I PDAC detection, using both serum and tissue samples.

Methods

We employed an untargeted technique, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, to identify the potential metabolite, and then used a targeted technique, GC-TOF-MS, to quantitatively validate. Multivariate and univariate statistics were performed to analyze the metabolomic profiles between stage-I PDAC and healthy controls, including 90 serum and 53 tissue samples. 28 patients with stage-I PDAC and 62 healthy controls were included in this study.

Results

A total of 10 potential metabolites presented the same expression levels both in serum and in tissue. Among them, a 2-metabolites-model (isoleucine and adrenic acid) for stage-I PDAC was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.93 in the discovery set and 0.90 in the independent validation set. Especially, the serum metabolite model had a better diagnostic performance than CA19-9 (AUC = 0.79). Pathway analysis revealed 11 altered pathways in both serum and tissue of stage-I PDAC.

Conclusions

This study developed a novel serum metabolites model that could early separate stage-I PDAC from healthy controls.
Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drugs Reduce Viral Infection by SARS-CoV-2 and Fluoxetine Shows Antiviral Activity Against the Novel Variants in vitro
Authors: Fred Senem Merve , Kuivanen Suvi , Ugurlu Hasan , Casarotto Plinio Cabrera , Levanov Lev , Saksela Kalle , Vapalahti Olli , Castrén Eero
Published: January 2022

Repurposing of currently available drugs is a valuable strategy to tackle the consequences of COVID-19. Recently, several studies have investigated the effect of psychoactive drugs on SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture models as well as in clinical practice. Our aim was to expand these studies and test some of these compounds against newly emerged variants. Several antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs with different primary mechanisms of action were tested in ACE2/TMPRSS2-expressing human embryonic kidney cells against the infection by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-dependent pseudoviruses. Some of these compounds were also tested in human lung epithelial cell line, Calu-1, against the first wave (B.1) lineage of SARS-CoV-2 and the variants of concern, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.2. Several clinically used antidepressants, including fluoxetine, citalopram, reboxetine, imipramine, as well as antipsychotic compounds chlorpromazine, flupenthixol, and pimozide inhibited the infection by pseudotyped viruses with minimal effects on cell viability. The antiviral action of several of these drugs was verified in Calu-1 cells against the B.1 lineage of SARS-CoV-2. By contrast, the anticonvulsant carbamazepine, and novel antidepressants ketamine, known as anesthetic at high doses, and its derivatives as well as MAO and phosphodiesterase inhibitors phenelzine and rolipram, respectively, showed no activity in the pseudovirus model. Furthermore, fluoxetine remained effective against pseudoviruses with common receptor binding domain mutations, N501Y, K417N, and E484K, as well as B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants of SARS-CoV-2. Our study confirms previous data and extends information on the repurposing of these drugs to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection including different variants of concern, however, extensive clinical studies must be performed to confirm our in vitro findings.
Insulin Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia During Pregnancy
Authors: Cheng De-cui , Su Yao , Li Feifei , Xu Xianming
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficiency of insulin on the reduction of gestational lipid profiles and try to propose a real-world approach to assist clinicians.

Methods: A retrospective, single-centered cohort study of 35 cases was conducted from October 2018 to July 2021 in Shanghai General Hospital. SPSS version 25.0 was performed to analyze the whole data. For continuous variables, a paired-sample t test was carried out on each variable to make a comparison between before and after treatment.

Results: The average pre-pregnancy TGs and TCs of these patients were about 3.96 ± 1.42 mmol/L and 4.78 ± 1.18 mmol/L, respectively. The maximum of TG before insulin treatment was up to 64.62 and TC 20.43 mmol/L, which decreased to 17.34 and 4.92 mmol/L after intervention of the insulin drip. TG was noticed to fall by 77% and 12.71% of TG, respectively. The difference of TG and TC between pre-treatment and post-treatment were statistically significant (p < 0.01), while this difference has not been found in the other laboratory tests reports. The outcomes of newborns and mothers with management of insulin were proven to be improved.

Conclusion: The use of insulin in the management of gestational hypertriglyceridemia is safe and efficient, and insulin may become a mainstream in the near future to mitigate serum TG and TC levels in the pregnancy period besides regulating the blood glucose level.
Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy: New Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Delire Bénédicte , De Martin Eleonora , Meunier Lucy , Larrey Dominique , Horsmans Yves
Published: January 2022

In the last 5 years, the landscape of oncologic treatment has been deeply modified with the development and use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that exert their antitumoral effect by reverting the exhausted phenotype of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This innovative therapeutic strategy has widely changed the prognosis of some advanced neoplastic diseases such as melanoma and lung cancer, providing durable remission for a significant number of patients. Unfortunately, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially ICI-induced hepatitis, may be very severe in some cases, impairing the prognosis of the patient. Guidelines available today on the diagnosis and management of ICI-induced hepatitis are mainly based on expert opinions and case series. This lack of large data is explained not only by the low incidence of hepatic adverse events but also by their clinical heterogeneity and variable severity. In this article, we will review the clinical, biological, and histological characteristics of ICI-induced liver injury. We will discuss the current knowledge on their pathological mechanisms and their therapeutic strategy based on immunosuppressive treatment for more severe cases. Regarding severity assessment, we will discuss the gap between the oncologist and the hepatologist’s point of view, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary management. While initially developed for notably less frequent diseases than neoplastic ones, gene therapy is going to be a revolution for the treatment of diseases not responding to pharmacological therapy. Limited but growing data describe liver injury after the administration of such therapy whose exact physiopathology remains unknown. In this article, we will discuss the available data supporting the role of gene therapies in the onset of drug-induced liver injury and related mechanisms. We will describe the clinical context, the biological and histological features, and the management currently proposed.
Static: Low Frequency Energy Harvesting and Power Transfer for the Internet of Things
Authors: Thangarajan Ashok Samraj , Nguyen Thien Duc , Liu Mengyao , Michiels Sam , Yang Fan , Man Ka Lok , Ma Jieming , Joosen Wouter , Hughes Danny
Published: January 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is composed of wireless embedded devices which sense, analyze and communicate the state of the physical world. To achieve truly wireless operation, today’s IoT devices largely depend on batteries for power. However, this leads to high maintenance costs due to battery replacement, or the environmentally damaging concept of disposable devices. Energy harvesting has emerged as a promising approach to delivering long-life, environmentally friendly IoT device operation. However, with the exception of solar harvesting, it remains difficult to ensure sustainable system operation using environmental power alone. This paper tackles this problem by contributing Static, a Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting and wireless power transfer platform. Our approach comprises autonomous energy management techniques, adaptive power transfer algorithms and an open-source hardware reference platform to enable further research. We evaluate Static in laboratory conditions and show that 1) ambient RF energy harvesting can deliver sustainable operation using common industrial sources, while 2) wireless power transfer provides a simple means to power motes at a range of up to 3 m through a variety of media.
Juggling Grandchild Care and Labor Force Participation: The Effect on Psychological Wellbeing of Older Women
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Bellani Daniela
Published: January 2022

Although it is well-known that care responsibilities are strongly gendered also in later life, the consequences for older women of juggling work and care responsibilities are understudied. This study contributes to fill this gap by focusing on the wellbeing implications for older European women of combining work and grandchild care. The role strain and role enhancement theories guide our theoretical predictions. While the former predicts a lower wellbeing due to the double burden of grandchild care and paid work, the latter posits an increase in wellbeing through the accumulation of social identities or roles. By using longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we investigate whether grandmothers who do and those who do not work experience different levels of quality of life, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Our statistical model consists in a fixed-effect regression that adjusts for the lagged outcome. Results show that, among grandmothers engaged in paid work, grandchild care is not significantly associated with any of the three outcomes considered. Instead, non-working grandmothers seem to benefit from provision of grandchild care, in terms of higher quality of life and lower number of depressive symptoms. As thus, the provision of grandchild care tends to be beneficial for grandmothers’ wellbeing only if they do not combine this activity with paid work. Juggling paid work and childcare to grandchildren may result in an excessive burden which eliminates the potential benefits of grandchild care on older women’s wellbeing.
Observations of Pole-to-Pole, Stratosphere-to-Ionosphere Connection
Authors: Goncharenko L. P. , Harvey V. L. , Randall C. E. , Coster A. J. , Zhang S.-R. , Zalizovski A. , Galkin I. , Spraggs M.
Published: January 2022

The behavior of the Earth’s middle atmosphere and ionosphere is governed by multiple processes resulting not only from downward energy transfer from the Sun and magnetosphere but also upward energy transfer from terrestrial weather. Understanding the relative importance of mechanisms beyond solar and geomagnetic activity is essential for progress in multi-day predictions of the Earth’s atmosphere-ionosphere system. The recent development of research infrastructure, particularly in Antarctica, allows the observation of new ionospheric features. Here we show for the first time that large disturbances observed in the Arctic winter polar stratosphere (20–50 km above ground and at 60–90°N) during a sudden stratospheric warming event are communicated across the globe and cause large disturbances in the summertime ionospheric plasma over Antarctica (60–90°S). Ionospheric anomalies reach ∼100% of the background level and are observed for multiple days. We suggest several possible terrestrial mechanisms that could contribute to the formation of upper atmospheric and ionospheric anomalies in the southern hemisphere.
Milczenie jako performatywny akt przestępczy na przykładzie
polskiego Kodeksu karnego
Authors: Falana-Jafra Anna
Published: January 2022

In the paper, the theory of John L. Austin’s speech acts is juxtaposed with
the theory of crime functioning in the Polish criminal law science. The aim of
the study was to answer the question whether silence in the light of criminal law
can be understood as equivalent to an act of speech, which is at the same time
a criminal act, and therefore has negative legal consequences for the perpetrator.
The defi nition of the framework for the criminal law performativity of silence
was based on an analysis of a fundamental act of criminal law in Poland – the
Criminal Code of 1997. Then an attempt was made to create a typology of crimes
of silence penalised in this Code. The paper emphasises the role of silence as
a fully autonomous executive form of crimes, and thus its importance from the
perspective of the society and the state.
Fault Tolerant Attitude and Orbit Determination System for Small Satellite Platforms
Authors: Colagrossi Andrea , Lavagna Michèle
Published: January 2022

Small satellite platforms are experiencing increasing interest from the space community, because of the reduced cost and the performance available with current technologies. In particular, the hardware composing the attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) has reached a strong maturity level, and the dimensions of the components allow redundant sets of sensors and actuators. Thus, the software shall be capable of managing these redundancies with a fault tolerant structure. This paper presents an attitude and orbit determination system (AODS) architecture, with embedded failure detection and isolation functions, and autonomous redundant component management and reconfiguration for basic failure recovery. The system design and implementation has been sized for small satellite platforms, characterized by limited computing capacities, and reduced autonomy level. The discussion describes the system architecture, with particular emphasis on the failure detection and isolation blocks at the component level. The set of functions managing failure detection at system level is also described in the paper. The proposed system is capable of reconfiguring and autonomously recalibrating after various failures had occurred. Attention is also dedicated to the achieved performance, satisfying stringent requirements for a small satellite platform. In these regards, the simulation results used to verify the performance of the proposed system at the model-in-the-loop (MIL) level are also reported.
Prediction of Willingness to Pay for Airline Seat Selection Based on Improved Ensemble Learning
Authors: Wang Zehong , Han Xiaolong , Chen Yanru , Ye Xiaotong , Hu Keli , Yu Donghua
Published: January 2022

Airlines have launched various ancillary services to meet their passengers’ requirements and to increase their revenue. Ancillary revenue from seat selection is an important source of revenue for airlines and is a common type of advertisement. However, advertisements are generally delivered to all customers, including a significant proportion of people who do not wish to pay for seat selection. Random advertisements may thus decrease the amount of profit generated since users will tire of useless advertising, leading to a decrease in user stickiness. To solve this problem, we propose a Bagging in Certain Ratio Light Gradient Boosting Machine (BCR-LightGBM) to predict the willingness of passengers to pay to choose their seats. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms all 12 comparison models in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) and F1-score. Furthermore, we studied two typical samples to demonstrate the decision-making phase of a decision tree in BCR-LightGBM and applied the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) model to analyse the important influencing factors to further enhance the interpretability. We conclude that the customer’s values, the ticket fare, and the length of the trip are three factors that airlines should consider in their seat selection service.
Selected EU Countries Crop Trade Competitiveness from the Perspective of the Czech Republic
Authors: Rumankova Lenka , Kuzmenko Elena , Benesova Irena , Smutka Lubos
Published: January 2022

The question of the sources of agricultural competitiveness is widely discussed on the farm and sectoral levels in the European Union. This paper assesses the competitiveness of the plant production using the combination of trade measures and strategic management measures in the selected European countries related to the Czech Republic. Thus, the paper evaluates and identifies the sources of competitiveness of plant production. In the case of Belgium and the Netherlands, labour and capital factors have a significant influence on production; in the case of the new member states, these factors are less important, and, conversely, market competitiveness factors are more crucial. The continuous convergence process between Belgium and the Netherlands is illustrated. The divergence between the Netherlands and the rest of the countries is also visible. There is a stable connection between the Czech Republic and Austria, France, and Slovakia. It can be mentioned that there is no statistically significant difference in the comparative advantage between 2005 and 2019, except in the case of France. Analysing sources of competitiveness among the countries of interest is a possible tool for the future direction of trade policies.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of a Chemical Additive on the Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Whole-Plant Maize Silage
Authors: Benjamim da Silva Érica , Kung Limin
Published: January 2022

Our objective was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of a chemical additive containing sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole-plant maize silage. We used data from 28 experiments, with 56 untreated to treated comparisons, carried out over a 9-year period. The influence of dry matter (DM) content and length of ensiling on the additive effect were assessed by meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Treatment with the additive reduced the pH and concentrations of ammonia-N, lactic acid, and ethanol, but increased the concentration of residual reducing sugars, DM recovery, and aerobic stability (by about 5 days). As the forage DM decreased, there was a greater reduction in ethanol by the additive treatment. The additive reduced the number of yeasts in silages made with forage harvested at >32% DM. The improvement in aerobic stability by the additive increased as ensiling time progressed. Overall, these findings show that the chemical additive has the ability to consistently and markedly improve the aerobic stability of maize silage under a wide range of conditions.
Effect of Subsurface Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen on the Yield of Asparagus Grown for the Green Spears on a Light Soil in Central Poland
Authors: Rolbiecki Roman , Sadan Hicran , Rolbiecki Stanisław , Jagosz Barbara , Szczepanek Małgorzata , Figas Anna , Atilgan Atilgan , Pal-Fam Ferenc , Pańka Dariusz
Published: January 2022

During the growing period of many agricultural and horticultural plants, the use of fertigation usually increases the yield; however, the response to this treatment may depend on the cultivar. The effect of subsurface drip fertigation with nitrogen on the yield of three asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) cultivars grown for green spears in light soil was studied. The multi-year (2011–2017) field experiment was carried out on sandy soil and was arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The first factor was the method of fertilization with nitrogen: (1) control—spreading nitrogen fertilization without irrigation and (2) subsurface drip fertigation with nitrogen. The second factor was the genotype (a cultivar) of asparagus—the following cultivars were tested: Ramada, Rapsody and Ravel. Generally, subsurface drip fertigation with nitrogen increases the marketable yield of green spears and the number of spears produced by a single plant, as well single-spear weight. ‘Ramada’ achieved the best results with all yield parameters. A significant correlation coefficient between the sum of rainfall and irrigation rates and yield parameters of tested cultivars was also found. The studies showed a varied response of the tested asparagus cultivars to the fertigation treatment.
Long-Term Multilocal Monitoring of Leaf Rust Resistance in the Spring Bread Wheat Genetic Resources from Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
Authors: Tyryshkin Lev Gennadievich , Zeleneva Yuliya Vital’evna , Brykova Alla Nikolaevna , Kudryavtseva Evgeniya Yurievna , Loseva Valentina Alekseevna , Akhmedov Magomed Alievich , Shikhmuradov Asef Zilfikarovich , Zuev Evgeny Valerievich
Published: January 2022

Triticum aestivum L. (bread wheat) is the most important cereal crop in world grain production, including in the territory of the Russian Federation. One of the most important factors influencing the yield and quality of wheat grain is the affection of plants with leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.). To broaden the set of sources for effective rust resistance, spring bread wheat samples from N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) were monitored for adult resistance to the disease under natural infections for many decades at three distant locations of the Russian Federation: the Dagestan Experimental Station (DES) of VIR (10,549 accessions), Yekaterinino Experimental Station (YES) (4384 accessions), and Pushkin Experimental Field (PEF) (7704 accessions). Information on the disease development at these three stations is presented at least for 51 last years. As a result of disease development evaluation under natural epiphytotic conditions for not less than 3 years, 293 (15 landraces, 127 breeding lines, and 151 commercial varieties), 118 (1 landrace, 38 breeding lines, and 79 commercial varieties), and 127 (10 landraces, 48 breeding lines, and 69 commercial varieties) samples were classified as resistant to leaf rust at DES, YES, and PEF, respectively. Among samples from the State Register of Breeding Achievements in Russia, 15, 13, and 8 spring wheat varieties were resistant to leaf rust at DES, YES, and PEF, respectively. Juvenile resistance was estimated under laboratory conditions after seedling inoculation with a complex population of P. triticina: 73 highly resistant varieties and breeding lines were identified; all landraces, including those classified as resistant in the fields, were susceptible to disease at the seedling stage. A total of 26 wheat accessions were identified to be resistant to leaf rust at two to three locations; 14 of them possess adult resistance, and 12 samples have seedling resistance. According to results of PCR amplification with primers specific to markers of effective genes for leaf rust resistance, 6 accessions have gene Lr9, 1 sample is protected by Lr19, and 1 sample possesses gene Lr24. Wheat samples identified as possessing effective seedling or adult resistance could be of interest for breeding in some regions of the Russian Federation and other countries.
Role for Plant-Derived Antioxidants in Attenuating Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Li Wenlan , Swiderski Kristy , Murphy Kate T. , Lynch Gordon S.
Published: January 2022

Cancer cachexia is the progressive muscle wasting and weakness experienced by many cancer patients. It can compromise the response to gold standard cancer therapies, impair functional capacity and reduce overall quality of life. Cancer cachexia accounts for nearly one-third of all cancer-related deaths and has no effective treatment. The pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and its progression is multifactorial and includes increased oxidative stress derived from both the tumor and the host immune response. Antioxidants have therapeutic potential to attenuate cancer-related muscle loss, with polyphenols, a group of plant-derived antioxidants, being the most widely investigated. This review describes the potential of these plant-derived antioxidants for treating cancer cachexia.
Protective Effect of GIP against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Ferroptosis in Mouse Hippocampal HT-22 Cells through the MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ko Jiwon , Jang Soyoung , Kwon Wookbong , Kim Si-Yong , Jang Soyeon , Kim Eungyung , Ji Young-Rae , Park Sijun , Kim Myoung-Ok , Choi Seong-Kyoon , Cho Dong-Hyung , Lee Hyun-Shik , Lim Su-Geun , Ryoo Zae-Young
Published: January 2022

The effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) on cells under oxidative stress induced by glutamate, a neurotransmitter, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were assessed in the present study. We found that in the pre-treatment of HT-22 cells with glutamate in a dose-dependent manner, intracellular ROS were excessively generated, and additional cell damage occurred in the form of lipid peroxidation. The neurotoxicity caused by excessive glutamate was found to be ferroptosis and not apoptosis. Other factors (GPx-4, Nrf2, Nox1 and Hspb1) involved in ferroptosis were also identified. In other words, it was confirmed that GIP increased the activity of sub-signalling molecules in the process of suppressing ferroptosis as an antioxidant and maintained a stable cell cycle even under glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. At the same time, in HT-22 cells exposed to ferroptosis as a result of excessive glutamate accumulation, GIP sustained cell viability by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. These results suggest that the overexpression of the GIP gene increases cell viability by regulating mechanisms related to cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production in hippocampal neuronal cell lines.