bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution patterns of human papillomavirus genotypes among women in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Li Shu , Zhang Kelan , Yang Liu , Wu Jia , Bhargava Neha , Li Yinghua , Gao Fei
Published: October 2023

Background

Cervical cancer is associated with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in the world. We aimed to evaluate the status of HPV infection among women in Guangzhou, China.

Methods

The study recruited 28,643 female patients from the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center for HPV genotype testing between 2019 and 2021.

Results

5668 patients were infected with HPV, resulting in an overall infection prevalence of 19.78%. The prevalence of HR-HPV was recorded at 13.94% (both single-infections and multi-infections), probably high-risk HPV/possibly carcinogenic (pHR-HPV) as 3.51%; and low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) as 3.56%. The most common HR-HPV genotype detected was HPV-52 with an infection rate of 4.99%, followed by HPV 58 (2.18%), 16 (2.12%), 51 (1.61%), 39 (1.19%), 56 (1.09%), 59 (0.85%), 18 (0.72%), 33 (0.61%), 31 (0.53%), 35 (0.20%), 45 (0.17%). Among LR-HPV genotypes, HPV-42 was the most common (1.08%), followed by 44 (0.77%), 81 (0.68%), 6 (0.48%), 43 (0.40%), 11 (0.23%) and 83 (0.07%). The prevalence of infection among different genotypes in pHR-HPV was: 68 (1.29%), 53 (1.21%), 66 (0.77%), 82 (0.25%), 73 (0.16%). Additionally, the prevalence of single genotype HPV infection exceeded that of multiple HPV infections except HPV-59.

Conclusion

Our findings imply that HPV genotype infections in Guangzhou demonstrate a regional and age-related distribution. Therefore, these data can provide a substantial foundation for further epidemiologic analysis to control and prevent HPV infections in Guangzhou.
Dual-drug (Curcumin/Ciprofloxacin) loading and release from chitosan-based hydrogels embedded with magnetic Montmorillonite/Hyaluronic acid for enhancing wound healing
Authors: Sayyar Zahra , Mahdavinia Gholam Reza , Khataee Alireza
Published: October 2023

Montmorillonite (MMt) is extensively applied as an efficient drug-carrier in designing drug delivery systems (DDS) due to its high specific surface area to load drugs. Modification of MMt via iron (Fe) blending can thus be a desirable method to improve its biocompatibility. Herein, magnetic nano-carriers involving the magnetic MMt (mMMt) core surrounded by chitosan (Chito) as a biopolymer and hyaluronic acid (HA) were prepared. To coat the mMMt fabricated through the coprecipitation of the Fe3+/Fe2+ ions in the presence of MMt, the acquired mMMt as the core was then treated with the Chito/HA solution to induce the cross-linked Chito/HA as the shell (namely, the Chito/HA-mMMt). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results accordingly revealed the existence of the mMMt inside the Chito/HA solution. Curcumin (CUR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were further employed as two model drugs. The CUR and CIP release from the Chito/HA-mMMt subsequently occurred in a sustained manner and pH-dependently. Additionally, an upsurge in the CUR and CIP release by applying an external magnetic field was observed. Thus, the prepared Chito/HA-mMMt hydrogels promise an outstanding potential performance in terms of expanding novel pH-dependent DDS with a sustained release behavior. The scratch assay of the given hydrogels also confirms their applications for wound healing.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for hypothermic refractory cardiac arrests in urban areas with temperate climates
Authors: Soumagnac Tal , Raphalen Jean-Herlé , Bougouin Wulfran , Vimpere Damien , Ammar Hatem , Yahiaoui Samraa , Dagron Christelle , An Kim , Mungur Akshay , Carli Pierre , Hutin Alice , Lamhaut Lionel
Published: October 2023

Background

Accidental hypothermia designates an unintentional drop in body temperature below 35 °C. There is a major risk of ventricular fibrillation below 28 °C and cardiac arrest is almost inevitable below 24 °C. In such cases, conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation is often inefficient. In urban areas with temperate climates, characterized by mild year-round temperatures, the outcome of patients with refractory hypothermic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) remains uncertain.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective monocentric observational study involving patients admitted to a university hospital in Paris, France. We reviewed patients admitted between January 1, 2011 and April 30, 2022. The primary outcome was survival at 28 days with good neurological outcomes, defined as Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2. We performed a subgroup analysis distinguishing hypothermic refractory OHCA as either asphyxic or non-asphyxic.

Results

A total of 36 patients were analysed, 15 of whom (42%) survived at 28 days, including 13 (36%) with good neurological outcomes. Within the asphyxic subgroup, only 1 (10%) patient survived at 28 days, with poor neurological outcomes. A low-flow time of less than 60 min was not significantly associated with good neurological outcomes (P = 0.25). Prehospital ECPR demonstrated no statistically significant difference in terms of survival with good neurological outcomes compared with inhospital ECPR (P = 0.55). Among patients treated with inhospital ECPR, the HOPE score predicted a 30% survival rate and the observed survival was 6/19 (32%).

Conclusion

Hypothermic refractory OHCA occurred even in urban areas with temperate climates, and survival with good neurological outcomes at 28 days stood at 36% for all patients treated with ECPR. We found no survivors with good neurological outcomes at 28 days in submersed patients.
Head injury in older adults presenting to the ambulance service: who do we convey to the emergency department, and what clinical variables are associated with an intracranial bleed? A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Barrett J. W. , Williams J. , Skene S. S. , Griggs J. E. , Bootland D. , Leung J. , Da Costa A. , Ballantyne K. , Davies R. , Lyon R. M.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Most older adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) reach the emergency department via the ambulance service. Older adults, often with mild TBI symptoms, risk being under-triaged and facing poor outcomes. This study aimed to identify whether sufficient information is available on the scene to an ambulance clinician to identify an older adult at risk of an intracranial haemorrhage following a head injury.

Methods

This was a retrospective case–control observational study involving one regional ambulance service in the UK and eight emergency departments. 3545 patients aged 60 years and over presented to one regional ambulance service with a head injury between the 1st of January 2020 and the 31st of December 2020. The primary outcome was an acute intracranial haemorrhage on head computed tomography (CT) scan in patients conveyed to the emergency department (ED). A secondary outcome was factors associated with conveyance to the ED by the ambulance clinician.

Results

In 2020, 2111 patients were conveyed to the ED and 162 patients were found to have an intracranial haemorrhage on their head CT scan. Falls from more than 2 m (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.45, 95% CI 1.78–6.40), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (aOR 2.80, 95% CI 1.25–5.75) and Clopidogrel (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.04–3.59) were associated with an intracranial haemorrhage. Conveyance to the ED was associated with patients taking anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication or a visible head injury or head injury symptoms.

Conclusion

This study highlights that while most older adults with a head injury are conveyed to the ED, only a minority will have an intracranial haemorrhage following their head injury. While mechanisms of injury such as falls from more than 2 m remain a predictor, this work highlights that Clopidogrel and CKD are also associated with an increased odds of tICH in older adults following a head injury. These findings may warrant a review of current ambulance head injury guidelines.
Redefining ARDS: a paradigm shift
Authors: Villar Jesús , Szakmany Tamas , Grasselli Giacomo , Camporota Luigi
Published: October 2023

Although the defining elements of “acute respiratory distress syndrome” (ARDS) have been known for over a century, the syndrome was first described in 1967. Since then, despite several revisions of its conceptual definition, it remains a matter of debate whether ARDS is a discrete nosological entity. After almost 60 years, it is appropriate to examine how critical care has modeled this fascinating syndrome and affected patient’s outcome. Given that the diagnostic criteria of ARDS (e.g., increased pulmonary vascular permeability and diffuse alveolar damage) are difficult to ascertain in clinical practice, we believe that a step forward would be to standardize the assessment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary involvement in ARDS to ensure that each patient can receive the most appropriate and effective treatment. The selection of treatments based on arbitrary ranges of PaO2/FiO2 lacks sufficient sensitivity to individualize patient care.
Human cytomegalovirus seropositivity is associated with reduced patient survival during sepsis
Authors: Unterberg M. , Ehrentraut S. F. , Bracht T. , Wolf A. , Haberl H. , von Busch A. , Rump K. , Ziehe D. , Bazzi M. , Thon P. , Sitek B. , Marcus K. , Bayer M. , Schork K. , Eisenacher M. , Ellger B. , Oswald D. , Wappler F. , Defosse J. , Henzler D. , Köhler T. , Zarbock A. , Putensen C. P. , Schewe J. C. , Frey U. H. , Anft M. , Babel N. , Steinmann E. , Brüggemann Y. , Trilling M. , Schlüter A. , Nowak H. , Adamzik M. , Rahmel T. , Koos B. ,   SepsisDataNet.NRW research group
Published: October 2023

Background

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death. Treatment attempts targeting the immune response regularly fail in clinical trials. As HCMV latency can modulate the immune response and changes the immune cell composition, we hypothesized that HCMV serostatus affects mortality in sepsis patients.

Methods

We determined the HCMV serostatus (i.e., latency) of 410 prospectively enrolled patients of the multicenter SepsisDataNet.NRW study. Patients were recruited according to the SEPSIS-3 criteria and clinical data were recorded in an observational approach. We quantified 13 cytokines at Days 1, 4, and 8 after enrollment. Proteomics data were analyzed from the plasma samples of 171 patients.

Results

The 30-day mortality was higher in HCMV-seropositive patients than in seronegative sepsis patients (38% vs. 25%, respectively; p = 0.008; HR, 1.656; 95% CI 1.135–2.417). This effect was observed independent of age (p = 0.010; HR, 1.673; 95% CI 1.131–2.477). The predictive value on the outcome of the increased concentrations of IL-6 was present only in the seropositive cohort (30-day mortality, 63% vs. 24%; HR 3.250; 95% CI 2.075–5.090; p < 0.001) with no significant differences in serum concentrations of IL-6 between the two groups. Procalcitonin and IL-10 exhibited the same behavior and were predictive of the outcome only in HCMV-seropositive patients.

Conclusion

We suggest that the predictive value of inflammation-associated biomarkers should be re-evaluated with regard to the HCMV serostatus. Targeting HCMV latency might open a new approach to selecting suitable patients for individualized treatment in sepsis.
Trends and inequity in improved sanitation facility utilisation in Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Ahmed Anisuddin , Sayeed Abu , Tanwi Tania Sultana , Saha Nondo , Hanson Molly , Protyai Dipanjan Adhikary , Hossain Aniqa Tasnim , Ahmed Ali , Rahman Fariya , Akter Ema , Nusrat Nowrin , Badsha Md Shawon , Rahman Afruna , Islam Md Khairul , Alam Md. Shah , Nahar Quamrun , Arifeen Shams El , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur , Tahsina Tazeen
Published: October 2023

Improved sanitation is indispensable to human health. However, lack of access to improved sanitation remains one of the most daunting public health challenges of the twenty-first century in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to describe the trends in access to improved sanitation facilities following the inequity gap among households in different socioeconomic groups in Bangladesh. Data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017-18 were extracted for this study. Inequity in access to improved sanitation was calculated using rich-poor ratio and concentration index to determine the changes in inequity across the time period. In Bangladesh, the proportion of households with access to improved sanitation increased steadily from 25.4% to 45.4% between 2007 and 2014, but slightly decreased to 44.0% in 2017-18. Age, educational status, marital status of household head, household wealth index, household size, place of residence, division, and survey year were significantly associated with the utilisation of improved sanitation. There is a pro-rich situation, which means that utilisation of improved sanitation was more concentrated among the rich across all survey years (Concentration Index ranges: 0.40 to 0.27). The government and other relevant stakeholders should take initiatives considering inequity among different socioeconomic groups to ensure the use of improved sanitation facilities for all, hence achieving universal health coverage.
The association of Treg and Th17 cells development factors and anti-TPO autoantibodies in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Niafar Mitra , Samaie Vajihe , Soltani-Zangbar Mohammad Sadegh , Motavalli Roza , Dolati Sanam , Danaii Shahla , Mehdizadeh Amir , Yousefi Mehdi
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Thyroid autoimmunity is considered as the most prevalent autoimmune condition in women in fertility age. There are different clinical evidences indicating the association between thyroid autoimmunity and increased risk of RPL. This study aimed to analyze the association of Tregs and Th17 cells development factors and anti–thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies in RPL patients. Healthy controls (n = 36), TPO + controls (n = 25) and TPO + RPL (n = 32) participated in this study. After blood sampling, the frequency of Th17 and Tregs was evaluated using flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and ELISA was used to assess the status of Tregs and Th17 related transcription factors and cytokines in mRNA and protein level, respectively.

Results

TPO + RPL group showed a higher Th17 frequency compared to healthy controls and TPO + controls groups (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.04, respectively). Additionally, mRNA expression levels of RORγT and IL-17 were significantly higher in TPO + RPL compared to healthy controls and TPO + controls groups. In contrast, Foxp3 and TGFβ expression was lower in TPO + RPL. ELISA findings also indicated a significantly higher IL-17 and lower TGFβ secretion in TPO + RPL compared to healthy controls and TPO + controls. Thyroid autoimmunity should intensely be controlled specially in patients with RPL history.
Multimodal treatment, including extracorporeal shock wave therapy, for refractory chronic tension-type headache: a case report
Authors: Takekawa Toru , Chino Toshifumi , Yamada Naoki , Watanabe Shu , Abo Masahiro , Sengoku Renpei
Published: October 2023

Background

Few reports have described multidisciplinary treatment, including extracorporeal shock wave therapy, for patients with refractory chronic tension-type headache. In this study, we conducted multidisciplinary treatment for a patient with chronic tension-type headache who suffered from chronic headache refractory to treatment.

Case presentation

The patient was a 45-year-old Japanese male suffering from 20 years of headache. As his headache had worsened recently, he visited a local clinic. With the diagnosis of suspected tension-type headache, its treatment was unsuccessful and he was referred to our hospital. The neurology department confirmed the tension-type headache and prescribed another medication, but he showed no improvement. Then, the patient was referred to the rehabilitation medicine department for consultation. At the initial visit, we identified multiple myofascial trigger points in his bilateral posterior neck and upper back regions. At the initial visit, he was prescribed 10 mL of 1% lidocaine injected into the muscles in these areas. In addition, he received 2000 extracorporeal shock wave therapy into bilateral trapezius muscles, and was instructed to take oral Kakkonto extract granules, benfotiamine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, and cyanocobalamin. Cervical muscle and shoulder girdle stretches and exercises were also recommended. At follow-up treatment visits, we used extracorporeal shock wave therapy to bilateral trapezius muscles, which led to immediate pain relief. After 11 weeks, he was not taking any medication and his headache was subjectively improved and his medical treatment ended.

Conclusion

A patient with chronic tension-type headache refractory to regular treatment was successfully treated with a multimodal approach including extracorporeal shock wave therapy in addition to standard treatment. For patients with tension-type headache accompanied by myofascial trigger points, it may be recommended to promptly consider aggressive multimodal treatment that includes extracorporeal shock wave therapy.
Trauma-informed prevention programmes for depression, anxiety, and substance use among young people: protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Bailey S. , Newton N. , Perry Y. , Grummitt L. , Baams L. , Barrett E.
Published: October 2023

Background

Mental ill-health and substance use bear a substantial burden and harm on young people and often arise from co-occurring and compounding risk factors, such as traumatic stress. Trauma-informed prevention of mental ill-health and substance use demonstrates significant promise in reducing this burden. A systematic literature review is required to identify and summarise the effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability, and design principles underpinning existing trauma-informed mental ill-health and/or substance use prevention programmes for young people aged 12–24 years.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library will be searched from 2012 through September 2022. Reference lists of included articles will be citation-chained. Title and abstracts will be screened and two reviewers will review articles full-text. One reviewer will extract data from eligible articles using a piloted data extraction form, and 20% of the data will be verified by a second reviewer. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2), Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research (CASP), depending on the study type. Characteristics of existing trauma-informed mental ill-health and/or substance use prevention programmes for young people will be summarised narratively. Effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability will be qualitatively described and summarised, with proportions and effect sizes quantitatively synthesised, where possible.

Discussion

Trauma-informed approaches to prevention demonstrate significant promise, yet to date, no study has systematically summarised and synthesised the available literature. To fill this gap, the present review will systematically identify and summarise the effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability, and design principles underpinning existing trauma-informed mental health and/or substance use prevention programmes for young people aged 12–24. This review will inform the development, adaptation, evaluation, and implementation of future trauma-informed mental ill-health and substance use prevention programmes for young people. Findings will inform critical efforts to interrupt and prevent already elevated trajectories of mental ill-health, substance use, and related harms among those young people exposed to adversity.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42022353883.
The effectiveness of past wildfire at limiting reburning is short-lived in a Mediterranean humid climate
Authors: Davim David A. , Rossa Carlos G. , Pereira José M. C. , Guiomar Nuno , Fernandes Paulo M.
Published: October 2023

Background

The study of wildfire interactions (i.e., spread limitation and reburns) is gaining traction as a means of describing the self-limiting process of fire spread in the landscape and has important management implications but has scarcely been attempted in Europe. We examined to what extent previously burned areas restricted the development of individual large wildfires (> 500 ha) in mainland Portugal.

Results

For the 1984–2021 period, we (1) modeled the proportion of large wildfire perimeters coinciding with transitions to shorter time since fire (TSF), i.e., locations where fire spread ceased upon encountering assumedly less flammable fuels, and (2) characterized the prevalence of different TSF in the composition of the area burned by large wildfires in relation to available TSF. Only 4% of the large wildfires did not comprise edges intersecting past wildfires. Low TSF (especially up to 8 years) resulted in large-wildfire perimeter limitation at TSF transitions. This effect was further enhanced by high historical burn probability and proximity to roadways and watercourses. Perimeter limitation did also increase under high (but not very high or extreme) fire danger, benefiting from maximum seasonal firefighting preparedness. TSF prevalence in the composition of large-wildfire area was extremely variable and thus an overall weak pattern emerged, with minimum and maximum prevalence respectively at TSF < 2 years and TSF ≥ 6 years.

Conclusions

Large wildfire limitation in Portugal is hampered by fast fuel build-up after fire, indicating a short-lived fire-hazard reduction effect under the prevailing Mediterranean humid climate of the study region. Nonetheless, such effect should be considered when planning fuel-reduction treatments and can be used opportunistically during large-wildfire suppression operations.
Re-Envisioning the Culture of Undergraduate Biology Education to Foster Black Student Success: A Clarion Call
Authors: Morton Terrell R. , Agee Wesley , Ashad-Bishop Kilan C. , Banks Lori D. , Barnett Zanethia Choice , Bramlett Imari D. , Brown Briana , Gassmann Walter , Grayson Korie , Hollowell Gail P. , Kaggwa Ruth , Kandlikar Gaurav S. , Love Marshaun , McCoy Whitney N. , Melton Mark A. , Miles Monica L. , Quinlan Catherine L. , Roby ReAnna S. , Rorie Checo J. , Russo-Tait Tatiane , Wardin Ashlyn M. , Williams Michele R. , Woodson Ashley N.
Published: October 2023

The Re-Envisioning Culture Network is a space dedicated to transforming the culture of undergraduate biology education to bolster Black student experiences and outcomes. This paper provides the REC Networks call to action for the field to engage in cultural transformation processes.
Generative interpolation via a diffusion probabilistic model
Authors: Liu Qi , Ma Jianwei
Published: October 2023

Seismic data interpolation is essential in a seismic data processing workflow, recovering data from sparse sampling. Traditional and deep-learning-based methods have been widely used in the seismic data interpolation field and have achieved remarkable results. In this paper, we develop a seismic data interpolation method through the novel application of diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs). DPM transforms the complex end-to-end mapping problem into a progressive denoising problem, enhancing the ability to reconstruct complex situations of missing data, such as large proportions and large-gap missing data. The interpolation process begins with a standard Gaussian distribution and seismic data with missing traces and then removes noise iteratively with a UNet trained for different noise levels. Our DPM-based interpolation method allows interpolation for various missing cases, including regularly missing, irregularly missing, consecutively missing, noisy missing, and different ratios of missing cases. The ability to generalize to different seismic data sets is also discussed in this paper. Numerical results of synthetic and field data indicate satisfactory interpolation performance of the DPM-based interpolation method in comparison with the f- x prediction filtering method, the curvelet transform method, the low-dimensional manifold method (LDMM), and the coordinate attention-based UNet method, particularly in cases with large proportions and large-gap missing data. Diffusion is all we need for seismic data interpolation.
Rock-physics model of a gas hydrate reservoir with mixed occurrence states
Authors: Wu Cun-Zhi , Zhang Feng , Ding Pin-Bo , Sun Peng-Yuan , Cai Zhi-Guang , Di Bang-Rang
Published: October 2023

Seismic interpretation of gas hydrates requires the assistance of rock physics. Changes in gas hydrate saturation can alter the elastic properties of formations, and this relationship can be considerably influenced by the occurrence state of gas hydrates. Pore-filling, load-bearing, and cementing types are three single gas hydrate occurrence states commonly considered in rock-physics investigations. However, many gas hydrate-bearing formations are observed to have mixed occurrence states, and their rock-physics properties do not fully conform to models of single occurrence states. We develop a generalized rock-physics model for gas hydrate-bearing formations with three mixed occurrence states observed in the field or laboratory experiments: coexisting pore-filling-type and matrix-forming-type gas hydrates (case 1); pore-filling type when [Formula: see text] (gas hydrate saturation) < [Formula: see text] (critical saturation) and pore-filling + matrix-forming type when [Formula: see text] (case 2); and matrix-forming type when [Formula: see text] and matrix-forming + pore-filling type when [Formula: see text] (case 3). Instead of initial porosity, the apparent porosity (the volume fraction of an effective pore filler) [Formula: see text] represents the influence of occurrence states on the pore space. These three mixed occurrence states can be modeled using a unified workflow, in which the volume fractions of various gas hydrate types are expressed in general forms in terms of the apparent porosity. In addition, the model considers the effect of a pore filler on shear modulus. The developed model is validated through calibration with real well-log data and published experimental data corresponding to five gas hydrate-bearing formations. The model effectively interprets the influences of gas hydrate saturation and occurrence state on these formations. Thus, the generalized model provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of sensitive elastic parameters and quantitative interpretation for gas hydrate reservoirs.
Microseismic event locations and source mechanisms using dominant guided waves recorded in an underground potash mine
Authors: Barthwal Himanshu , van den Berghe Matthew , Shcherbakov Robert
Published: October 2023

Microseismic event locations and moment tensors (MT) in underground mines can provide insights into the subsurface deformation and current state of stress. However, reliable estimation of these source parameters is rather challenging due to high-frequency waveforms and a low signal-to-noise ratio for negative magnitude events. We study microseismicity in an underground potash mine in Saskatchewan, Canada, recorded between 1 March and 30 June 2021, by a network of broadband seismometers. The active mining is carried out in low-velocity evaporites at depths of approximately 1 km below the ground level. The theoretical dispersion curves show that guided waves in the form of leaky P and P-SV/SH normal modes can exist in a 1D velocity model representing mine geology. These guided waves are detected as high-energy dispersive arrivals on the seismograms recorded at the underground receivers. We locate the events using the arrival times of the guided waves and their mean group velocities. Most (approximately 80%) of the detected events cluster around the mine layout between depths of 0.95 to 1.05 km. Next, we compute MT for 92 events using waveforms of guided phases. The MT show nondouble-couple components with only 28 events having double-couple percentages greater than 50%. These events occur near mined-out cavities with source mechanisms corresponding to the layer delamination in the roof and floor or pillar yield related to the closure of cavities. No abnormal microseismicity is detected away from the mine levels in the more competent carbonate rocks above or below the evaporite formations. Thus, guided waves enable the detection of microseismic events up to large distances and can provide high-resolution event locations and MT inversion. These can be interpreted in the context of local geology and mining activities to identify the dominant factors affecting microseismicity.
A non-linear delayed resonator for mimicking the hearing haircells
Authors: Reda Jana , Fink Mathias , Lemoult Fabrice
Published: October 2023

The auditory system possesses remarkable characteristics: super sensitivity and frequency selectivity. However, these traits come at the cost of non-fidelity due to non-linear effects. The culprit behind this active behavior is likely the haircells, as suggested by some in vivo observations and theoretical studies. These haircells appear to operate as non-linear oscillators near a Hopf bifurcation. In this article, we experimentally design a single delayed Hopf resonator to examine its dynamic responses and uncover striking parallels with the human ear. After a systematic characterization of this resonator, we experimentally verify on this single resonator two non-linear phenomena that mimic hearing distortions. This provides further support for hearing models based on Hopf bifurcation.
How metals fuel fungal virulence, yet promote anti-fungal immunity
Authors: Alselami Alanoud , Drummond Rebecca A.
Published: October 2023

Invasive fungal infections represent a significant global health problem, and present several clinical challenges, including limited treatment options, increasing rates of antifungal drug resistance and compounding comorbidities in affected patients. Metals, such as copper, iron and zinc, are critical for various biological and cellular processes across phyla. In mammals, these metals are important determinants of immune responses, but pathogenic microbes, including fungi, also require access to these metals to fuel their own growth and drive expression of major virulence traits. Therefore, host immune cells have developed strategies to either restrict access to metals to induce starvation of invading pathogens or deploy toxic concentrations within phagosomes to cause metal poisoning. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms regulating fungal scavenging and detoxification of copper, iron and zinc and the importance of these mechanisms for virulence and infection. We also outline how these metals are involved in host immune responses and the consequences of metal deficiencies or overloads on how the host controls invasive fungal infections.
Brexit Uncertainty and Its (Dis)Service Effects
Authors: Ahmad Saad , Limão Nuno , Oliver Sarah , Shikher Serge
Published: October 2023

We estimate the impact of increased policy uncertainty from Brexit on UK trade in services. We apply an uncertainty-augmented gravity equation to UK services trade with the European Union at the industry level from 2016:I to 2018:IV. By exploiting the variation in the probability of Brexit from prediction markets interacted with a new trade policy risk measure across service industries, we identify a significant negative impact of the threat of Brexit on trade values and participation. The increased probability of Brexit in this period lowered services exports by at least 20 log points. (JEL F13, F14, F15)
Market Power and Price Exposure: Learning from Changes in Renewable Energy Regulation
Authors: Fabra Natalia , Imelda
Published: October 2023

Given the critical role of renewable energies in current and future electricity markets, it is important to understand how they affect firms’ pricing incentives. We study whether the price-depressing effect of renewables depends on their degree of market price exposure. Paying renewables with fixed prices, rather than market-based prices, is more effective at curbing market power when the dominant firms own large shares of renewables, and vice versa. Our empirical short-lived changes to renewables regulation in the Spanish market and shows that switching from full-price exposure to fixed prices caused a 2–4 percent reduction in the average price-cost markup. (JEL L13, L94, L98, Q42, Q48)
My Professor Cares: Experimental Evidence on the Role of Faculty Engagement
Authors: Carrell Scott E. , Kurlaender Michal
Published: October 2023

We provide experimental evidence on the impact of specific faculty behaviors aimed at increasing student success for college students from historically underrepresented groups. The intervention was developed after conducting in-person focus groups and a pilot experiment. We find significant positive treatment effects across a multitude of short- and longer-run outcomes. Specifically, underrep-resented students in the treatment report more positive perceptions of the professor and earned higher course grades. These positive effects persisted over the next several years, with students in the treatment more likely to persist in college, resulting in increased credit accumulation and degree completion. (JEL I22, I23, I28, J15, J44)
The Value of Virtual Engagement: Evidence from a Running Platform
Authors: Liu Che-Wei , Wang Weiguang , Gao Guodong (Gordon) , Agarwal Ritu
Published: October 2023

Fueled by remarkable developments in mobile and wearable technologies coupled with the power of the Internet a multibillion industry constructed on digital platforms, Connected Fitness, has emerged. Sustained engagement is a crucial prerequisite for healthy behavior, and platforms that offer connected fitness services must contend with the challenge of engaging new users. In this study, we examine whether a virtual race, an event in which runners can participate remotely in an organized activity, can serve as an effective strategy to amplify users’ long-term engagement related to healthy behavior. We study the impact of offering virtual races to runners on a digital fitness platform on their engagement with the platform and level of physical activity. Leveraging the match of the theme of the virtual races and users’ zodiac signs as the instrument to support causal inference, we find that a virtual race increases the engagement of new users by 42.8 days and total spending on related e-commerce on the platform by 48.4% during our study period. We also find that the positive impact of virtual races transcends the typical mechanism of social connections; results show that virtual races can increase the engagement with the platform even when their social connections are low. Finally, we find that existing users who participate in a virtual race outrun those in the control group by 4.41 km in a three-week period. Our study highlights the potential of new forms of digital interactions, powered by mobile and wearable technologies, on user behavior in fitness platforms.

This paper was accepted by Anindya Ghose, information systems.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4945 .
A Class of Dissimilarity Semimetrics for Preference Relations
Authors: Nishimura Hiroki , Ok Efe A.
Published: October 2023

We propose a class of semimetrics for acyclic preference relations, any one of which is an alternative to the classical Kemeny-Snell-Bogart metric. These semimetrics are based solely on the implications of preferences for choice behavior and thus appear more suitable in economic contexts and choice experiments. We obtain a fairly simple axiomatic characterization for the class we propose. The apparently most important member of this class, which we dub the “top-difference semimetric,” is characterized separately. We also obtain alternative formulae for it and, relative to this particular metric, compute the diameter of the space of complete and transitive preferences, as well as the best transitive extension of a given acyclic preference relation.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2022.0351 .
Intra-soft tissue and intramedullary antibiotic perfusion in combination with negative pressure wound therapy
Authors: Kitano Daiki , Sakurai Atsushi , Kuwazuru Kenji , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Taniguchi Tomoya , Takahara Shunsuke
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Intra-soft tissue and intramedullary antibiotic perfusion (iSAP and iMAP), which combine continuous administration of antibiotic solution to the wound and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), have been reported to be a useful management approach for hard-to-heal ulcers in the field of orthopaedic surgery. We report the efficacy of this treatment and discuss the key points.

Method:

The recipients of this treatment had contaminated fresh severe trauma with a high risk of infection, or hard-to-heal ulcers which were expected to be difficult to manage with conventional NPWT alone. Continuous administration of 1200µg/ml of gentamicin (GM) solution to the wound was performed along with NPWT. The GM solution was administered subcutaneously using a small catheter for iSAP, while intramedullary administration used a bone marrow needle for iMAP.

Results:

iSAP was employed in all 10 patients who took part, and iMAP in three of these patients. The average treatment time was 13.6 days with iSAP and 9.3 days with iMAP. The mean serum GM level during the therapy was 1.02µg/ml. Moderate GM-induced acute kidney injury was suspected in one case, but resolved spontaneously after GM administration was stopped. Favourable wound bed preparation was achieved in all cases without recurrence of infection.

Conclusion:

Combination with continuous suction by NPWT is able to keep the local concentration of antibiotic above the minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm-coated bacteria within the wound. We have referred to this treatment as continuous local antibiotic perfusion. Further investigation of local pharmacodynamics in the wound and side-effects of this treatment are warranted.
Road resilience: adaptive education for emerging challenges
Authors: Lazarsfeld-Jensen Ann
Published: October 2023

The reality of paramedicine can cause students emotional distress, especially if this tests their values or beliefs. Therefore, educating students to be resilient and prepared for unpredictable, distressing events should be considered. The need to increase professional longevity in paramedicine has shifted employers' focus from road readiness to road resilience, which presents a complex challenge for educators. This article is the first of a series to discuss the use of supporting sciences to build road resilience in undergraduate paramedicine programmes. A review of the literature on paramedic education demonstrates there is new knowledge, based on experience in clinical practice and research, that paramedic educators can draw on to develop their discipline. Paramedics with postgraduate qualifications can shape the future of their professional discipline when their research produces a new discourse that informs a curriculum which can meet contemporary challenges. Discussion of a fictional case study illustrates how an emotional crisis could provide a platform for reflective learning and make a student more effective as a paramedic, and the educational environment needed to facilitate this.
Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular docking and Anti-anxiety Evaluation of Some Novel Phenothiazine Derivatives
Authors: Saini Pooja , Kumar Sushil
Published: October 2023

The phenothiazine derivatives 1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-2-(4-(1-(phenylimino)ethyl)phenoxy)ethan-1-one (4a-4j) are produced from 2-(4-acetylphenoxy)-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethan-1-one (3) and after that, condensing them with various carbonyl compounds. Acetonitrile was used as solvent. The purity of the analogues and reaction progress were identified through their retention factor value and melting point. Characterization of the prepared analogues was completed via performing their Infra-red, proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with their elemental analysis. The set of molecular docking parameters of the compounds were assessed to check to their potentiality. Autodock Vina 1.2.0 was used to dock the derivatives and the docking score of all the synthesized derivatives ranges from -8.7 to -10.2. Investigation of anti-anxiety activity on albino wistar rat, was executed for all the prepared phenothiazine analogues. EPM model was approached for performing anti-anxiety study, taking Diazepam as standard drug. The compounds 2-(4-(1-((3-nitrophenyl) imino)ethyl)phenoxy)-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethan-1-one (4e) and 2-(4-(1-((3,4-dinitrophenyl)imino)ethyl)phenoxy)-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethan-1-one (4g) were showed maximum potency among all the prepared derivatives as compared to Diazepam.
Investigation of Linagliptin – Human Serum Albumin Complex formation using Spectroscopic Analysis and Molecular Docking
Authors: Rani D. Usha , Begum Shaheen , Nithya S. , El Fadili Mohamed
Published: October 2023

When human serum albumin binds firmly with a drug molecule, the impact will be greater on its half-life and other important pharmacokinetic properties. Linagliptin is an antidiabetic drug candidate with a good safety profile. The interaction mechanism of linagliptin with HSA is not reported so far. In the present study, various spectroscopic investigations (UV, fluorescence, FTIR and CD) and molecular docking were performed to determine the binding constant and the other binding characteristics of the interaction between HSA and drug molecule. The binding constant obtained from the UV-spectroscopic results (0.98 x 103 M-1), revealed weak binding between the protein and linagliptin structure. Fluorescence spectroscopy results showed quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through static quenching. The binding constant value was Ksv = 1.26×10-4 M-1. In the FTIR and circular dichroism spectra minor changes were observed in peak positions and peak intensities. Molecular docking revealed that linagliptin was stabilized at site-I primarily with Pi-Pi stacking and the binding mode was similar that of R- warfarin.
Editorial
Authors: Giraldi Janaina De Moura Engracia , Nakabashi Luciano , Valério Marco Aurélio Gumieri , Lima Debora Dossiatti
Published: October 2023

Editorial
Discarding masters… then what? – about the role of masters in difficult times
Authors: Chrobak Stanisław , Lukasek Aleksandra Kinga
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Na przestrzeni lat postać mistrza uległa znacznym przeobrażeniom. Przyczyny bywają różne. Zapowiedzianym tytułem pragniemy zatem zaproponować Czytelnikowi refleksję nad potrzebą mistrza we współczesnej edukacji oraz namysł nad identyfikacją współczesnych wyzwań w tym zakresie. Wszystko to może stanowić szansę na ponowne odkrycie potrzeby mistrza w obecnej rzeczywistości szkolnej i akademickiej.

Materiał i metody

Osoba mistrza jest przedmiotem zainteresowania nauk społecznych, a przede wszystkim pedagogiki. Podstawowym zatem materiałem badawczym w niniejszej pracy jest literatura odnosząca się do osoby mistrza. Dla interesującej nas tutaj problematyki zastosowano analizę treści oraz podejście hermeneutyczne polegające na interpretacji tekstu, uwzględniając przesłanki teoretyczne, konteksty kulturowe oraz wyzwania pedagogiczne.

Wyniki

Podstawowym wyrazem troski o przyszłe pokolenia jest wychowanie i edukacja. Mistrzem jednak nie zostaje się na kredyt ani na próbę. Mistrz oznacza zatem osobę uczącą innych przez przekazywanie wiadomości (treści), wprowadzającą w świat wartości oraz kształtującą kompetencje i umiejętności, w tym uczenia się przez całe życie.

Wnioski

W wychowaniu i edukacji wiele zależy tu od samych nauczycieli-wychowawców. Gdy będą autentycznymi mistrzami, wówczas łatwiej im będzie przyciągać młodzież, gdy zaś będą tylko wykonywać swój zawód, trudno spodziewać się pozytywnych wyników ich pracy. Bycie sobą i bycie nauczycielem (mistrzem) nie kolidują ze sobą. Relacja mistrza i ucznia jest zawsze relacją osobową.
Operational programs of organizations of fruit and vegetable producers from the perspective of agricultural policy - assessment and recommendations
Authors: Kraciński Paweł Jakub , Bugała Anna , Zaremba Łukasz
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Głównym celem pracy jest ocena programów operacyjnych (P.O.) wdrażanych w organizacjach producentów owoców i warzyw (OP) jako narzędzia Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej (WPR) oraz sformułowanie rekomendacji na przyszłość

Materiał i metody

Metody badawcze opierają się na przeglądzie literatury przedmiotu oraz analizie dokumentów źródłowych związanych z P.O. (niepublikowane raporty agencji rządowych, akty prawne), wdrażanymi w latach 2013-2018. Opinie beneficjentów na temat P.O. uzyskano przeprowadzając wywiady kwestionariuszowe metodą CATI w populacji organizacji producentów owoców i warzyw (OP) korzystających z P.O.

Wyniki

Zidentyfikowano szereg słabości wynikających z wdrażania P.O., tj. nadmierne obciążenie skomplikowanymi obowiązkami administracyjnymi, czasochłonne i powtarzające się kontrole prowadzone w OP i niedostosowane mierniki rezultatów, które zniechęcają producentów do korzystania z P.O.

Wnioski

Przyszłe programy operacyjne powinny zawierać większą liczbę dozwolonych do realizacji działań oraz gwarantować beneficjentom większą swobodę wyboru. Kontrole wykorzystania środków publicznych powinny być prowadzone sprawnie, uwzględniając konieczność minimalizacji nakładów pracy i innych obciążeń członków OP. Do oceny skuteczności P.O. powinny być zastosowane wskaźniki, które w sposób bardziej adekwatny mierzą rezultat podejmowanych działań i jednocześnie nie są uciążliwe dla beneficjentów.
Efficient transport of enhanced CPRI fronthaul over PON [Invited]
Authors: Maes Jochen , Bidkar Sarvesh , Straub Michael , Pfeiffer Thomas , Bonk Rene
Published: October 2023

Passive optical networks (PONs) facilitate small-cell deployments. Back- and midhaul over PON is being deployed today. As opposed to point-to-point optics, PON extends the aggregation gain into the access domain. We explain the steps taken in the mobile and PON industries to enable efficient eCPRI fronthaul over PON. We explain how fronthaul has evolved into a bandwidth-efficient eCPRI and what mechanisms are in place to enable coordinated scheduling decisions of the mobile and PON systems. The recent end-to-end demonstration of coordinated scheduling helps pave the way towards future industry adoption.