bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La educación en la sociedad del conocimiento
Authors: Acevedo Mena Karen María , Romero Espinoza Skarlet
Published: December 2019

El presente escrito es un ensayo de reflexión sobre qué papel debe jugar la educación en la sociedad del conocimiento. Este concepto que se refiere a los cambios y transformaciones sociales que se están produciendo en la sociedad actual e implica que analicemos si estamos educando a los individuos para que se adapten a estos cambios de tal forma que podamos realizar los ajustes necesarios en los sistemas educativos de todos los niveles, en especial en la Educación Superior. Para ello, en el desarrollo de este escrito se indaga en las demandas que se exige a la educación en esta nueva sociedad, pero principlamente se reflexiona sobre nuestro rol como docentes el cual debe ser de facilitador que guía al educando en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y en especial que forma individuos para la vida en las dimensiones: profesional, social y personal. Por último, se consideran las limitaciones que existen en la sociedad del conocimiento las cuales impiden la inclusión de todos los miembros de la sociedad.
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Malaria Co-Infection in Nigeria: A Review of Published Literature
Authors: Alaofin Omotayo S. , Naidoo Kantharuben
Published: December 2019

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and malaria are significant global health challenges. Both diseases contribute to the global burden of disease and poverty notable amongst low-income countries, including sub-Sahara Africa and Nigeria. There are little or no available review articles on the prevailing epidemiological data on human immunodeficiency virus and malaria interaction in Nigeria.

Aim: This literature review aims to update knowledge on human immunodeficiency virus and malaria co-infection and determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and malaria from published literature.

Method: This work reviewed published articles on human immunodeficiency virus/malaria co-infection published in English in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. An internet search on Google Scholar was also conducted for studies that were conducted between 2007 and 2017 in Nigeria.

Result: The literature review indicated that the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and malaria co-infection in Nigeria is 86.2%. The mean ± SD among the HIV-malaria co-infected group and the negative malaria group in all of Nigeria’s geo-political zones are 36.6 ± 25.5 and 19.5 ± 15.3, respectively. The highest mean prevalence of 64.5% was reported in human immunodeficiency virus patients co-infected with malaria in the northwest zone. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy is also associated with a reduced mean positive prevalence of 31.26%.

Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals across all the geopolitical zones in Nigeria are at high risk of malaria. Findings from this review of literature will provide additional information on HIV-malaria co-infection prevalence and guide public health prevention, control and management practice.
Overheating Reduction in Lightweight Framed Buildings
with Application of Phase Change Materials
Authors: Zavrl Eva , Zupanc Gašper , Stritih Uroš , Dovjak Mateja
Published: December 2019

The trend of lightweight framed building structures is gaining in popularity. Due to lower accumulation capability and thermal stability, buildings might be inclined to higher risk of overheating. The purpose of this study is to investigate overheating in lightweight framed buildings from the aspect of thermal comfort and energy efficiency in cooling season. Single-family house was modelled using DesignBuilder™ and located in moderate climate (Ljubljana, Slovenia). Heavyweight structure was compared to lightweight structure coupled with all 14 variations of phase change materials (PCM). Different strategies of PCM encapsulation (microencapsulated plasterboards, macroencapsulated additional layer), melting points (23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C), capacities (M182, M91 M51, M27) and thicknesses (125 mm, 250 mm) of PCM were investigated and compared. The best passive solution was primarily evaluated based on the thermal comfort characteristics: average zone operative temperature (To) bends in cooling season. Secondarily, the additional energy needed for cooling within each solution was compared to the maximum allowed annual energy consumed for cooling specified in legislation. Consequently, the most influential parameter was the melting point of the PCM structure. Based on the chosen criteria, the overheating was significantly reduced using macroencapsulated layer with melting point of 24°C and minimum capacity of M51 (max. To 26.3°C). Heavyweight structure enabled lower To (27.1°C) in the building compared to microencapsulated plasterboard solution with melting point at 23°C and thickness of 250 mm (28.8°C). Correctly designed passive solution can be used for the improvement of the design strategy and legislation towards overheating prevention.
De blinde vlek in praktijk en discussie rond orgaandonatie
Authors: De Dijn Herman
Published: December 2019

De blinde vlek in praktijk en discussie rond orgaandonatie

In countries like Belgium and The Netherlands, there seems to be overwhelming public acceptance of transplantation and organ donation. Yet, paradoxically, part of the public refuses post-mortal donation of their own organs or of those of family members. It is customary within the transplantation context to accept the refusal of organ donation by family members “in order to accommodate their feelings”. I argue that this attitude does not take seriously what is really behind the refusal of donation by (at least some) family members. My hypothesis is that even in very secularized societies, this refusal is determined by cultural-symbolic attitudes vis-à-vis the (dead) human body (and some of its parts). The blind spot for this reality, both in the practice of and discussions around organ donation, prevents understanding of what is producing the paradox mentioned.
De (Belgische) Wet Medische Ongevallen en het medisch ongeval zonder aansprakelijkheid
Authors: Buelens W.
Published: December 2019

De (Belgische) Wet Medische Ongevallen en het medisch ongeval zonder aansprakelijkheid

Op 20 juni 2018 verdedigde de auteur succesvol zijn doctoraal proefschrift over het medisch ongeval zonder aansprakelijkheid. Dit begrip omvat een nieuw, subjectief vergoedingsrecht voor slachtoffers van medische ongevallen, los van de aansprakelijkheid van een zorgverlener, en werd ingevoerd door de wet van 31 maart 2010 betreffende de vergoeding van schade als gevolg van gezondheidszorg. Deze bijdrage bevat enkele krachtlijnen met betrekking tot de invulling van dit begrip.
ESTIMATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF STATIC FRICTION BY MEANS OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: BIERNACKI Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

The friction coefficient is one of the most important tribological parameters. The value of this coefficient
may be determined with the use of various methods. The friction coefficient proves to be of significance
when assembling the elements of the gear pump body WPZ-80A. The bodies of these pumps consist of
three elements and are manufactured in two configurations of materials. These materials are aluminium alloy
AK-20 and grey iron ZL-250. Friction interaction between the elements of the pump body ensures its stable
operation under load. Research so far has focused on numerical analyses for pump bodies at a set friction
coefficient. This article presents a reverse analysis, i.e. an estimation of the friction coefficient value based on
the WPZ-80A pump body effort. To this end, numerical analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM)
has been used. The analysis was based on the fact that the value of friction coefficient significantly influences
deformation distribution in the WPZ-80A pump body. The analysis was performed on an already constructed
pump body of known geometry with no structural modifications. The value of the static friction coefficient
was estimated by observing the scale of deformations in the pump body under a set load. Although the main
focus was on analysing the mechanism behind the deformations, an attempt was also made at extending
the application scope for FEM. Depending on the measurement method, friction coefficient values may
significantly differ. Despite the differences, the values resulting from numerical analysis should not differ
from the range of values obtained with other methods of analysis. The range of friction coefficient values was
determined on the basis of literature studies. As a result, it was possible to verify FEM in a field different than
classic effort analysis. The aim of the work presented in this article was to obtain information on tribological
properties with the use of numerical analysis.
Nordic Word Order Database: Motivations, methods, material and infrastructure
Authors: Lundquist Björn , Larsson Ida , Westendorp Maud , Tengesdal Eirik , Nøklestad Anders
Published: December 2019

In this article, we present the Nordic Word Order Database (NWD), with a focus on the rationale behind it, the methods used in data elicitation, data analysis and the empirical scope of the database. NWD is an online database with a user-friendly search interface, hosted by The Text Laboratory at the University of Oslo, launched in April 2019 (https://tekstlab.uio.no/nwd). It contains elicited production data from speakers of all of the North Germanic languages, including several different dialects. So far, 7 fieldtrips have been conducted, and data from altogether around 250 participants (age 16–60) have been collected (approx. 55 000 sentences in total). The data elicitation is carried out through a carefully controlled production experiment that targets core syntactic phenomena that are known to show variation within and/or between the North Germanic languages, e.g., subject placement, object placement, particle placement and verb placement. In this article, we present the motivations and research questions behind the database, as well as a description of the experiment, the data collection procedure, and the structure of the database
Editorial
Authors: Varžinskas Visvaldas
Published: December 2019

Editorial
Detecting misinformation in online social networks: A think-aloud study on user strategies
Authors: Freiling Isabelle
Published: December 2019

Although online social networks (OSN) facilitate the distribution of misinformation, one way of reducing the spread of false information in OSN is for users to detect it. Building on the framework of how audiences act to authenticate information, this study provides a user perspective on which strategies people use in evaluating information in OSN. In 15 qualitative interviews, participants were asked to think aloud while evaluating whether the content of posts from their own newsfeeds and of interviewer-supplied posts was true or false. Their answers were analyzed to determine which evaluation strategies they used. Analyzing participants’ thoughts as they evaluate information is more reliable than directly asking participants which strategies they think they use. Results show that users’ strategies in information evaluation are searching for more information, knowledge of account or content carries the most weight, and every detail needs to fit. A comparison of strategy usage for posts from befriended versus unknown personal accounts as well as for posts from followed news outlets versus not followed news outlets shows that for posts from followed news outlets, knowledge of the account was the most-used strategy followed by knowledge of the content. For other types of posts, strategy usage varied more widely and depended on each post. This highlights the importance and possible higher ecological validity of research on posts from news outlets that users actually follow, as users’ experiences with previous posts seem to play a major role in how they go about evaluating information in new posts.
Beyond Information Recall
Authors: Loftis J. Robert ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2019

Multiple-choice questions have an undeserved reputation for only being able to test student recall of basic facts. In fact, well-crafted mechanically gradable questions can measure very sophisticated cognitive skills, including those engaged at the highest level of Benjamin Bloom’s taxonomy of outcomes. In this article, I argue that multiple-choice questions should be a part of the diversified assessment portfolio for most philosophy courses. I present three arguments broadly related to fairness. First, multiple-choice questions allow one to consolidate subjective decision making in a way that makes it easier to manage. Second, multiple-choice questions contribute to the diversity of an evaluation portfolio by balancing out problems with writing-based assessments. Third, by increasing the diversity of evaluations, multiple-choice questions increase the inclusiveness of the course. In the course of this argument, I provide examples of multiple-choice questions that measure sophisticated learning and advice for how to write good multiple-choice questions.
Ensino Médio Politécnico: análises acerca de uma possibilidade contra-hegemônica de política educacional
Authors: Reis Jonas Tarcísio , Azevedo Jose Clovis de , Gonzaga Jorge Luiz Ayres
Published: December 2019

Esse trabalho discute o Ensino Médio Politécnico (EMP) implantado na Rede Estadual de Ensino do Rio Grande do Sul (REE-RS), no período 2011-2014. Analisamos os pressupostos básicos, a intencionalidade e os principais resultados dessa política educacional. O materialismo histórico dialético é a base teórico-metodológica tomada como referência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa tendo como fontes os documentos da Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Rio Grande do Sul e do Ministério da Educação. O material empírico foi cotejado com pesquisas realizadas em teses e dissertações selecionadas e que focaram a política em estudo. As análises revelam o conteúdo contra-hegemônico da política e demonstram processos e resultados que impactaram nos indicadores educacionais no período, bem como os primeiros retrocessos verificados nesse âmbito com a sua interrupção. Pode-se perceber que os sujeitos envolvidos viveram tensões e conflitos, protagonizaram avanços e recuos, mas os indicadores educacionais tiveram melhoras tendenciais com a implantação do EMP, reduzindo a exclusão pelo abandono e repetência. De igual forma, os resultados evidenciam a piora nos indicadores com a desmobilização desta política a partir de 2015. O artigo pode auxiliar pesquisas futuras que objetivem analisar mudanças no campo da formulação, implementação e avaliação de políticas educacionais.
Perceptions of infidelity: A comparison of sexual, emotional, cyber-, and parasocial behaviors
Authors: Adam Aimee
Published: December 2019

Previous research indicates that extradyadic sexual behaviors and other behaviors including emotional infidelity, pornography use, and online infidelity are considered to be acts of betrayal. However, perceptions of infidelity occurring through social media and of romantic parasocial relationships (one-sided romantic attachments formed with media figures) have not been well researched. In two exploratory studies, I examined a) the extent to which participants rated parasocial, sexual, emotional, and social media behaviors as infidelity, and b) how hurtful these behaviors would be if a partner were to enact them. I also examined how often participants reported having been negatively affected by their partner’s parasocial romances. Results indicate that activities such as sexting and sexy Snapchatting are perceived similarly to both cybersex and physical sexual infidelity, and that parasocial infidelity is seen similarly to pornography use. These similarities apply to whether the acts are seen as infidelity, and in terms of the emotional pain the acts may cause. These results indicate that extradyadic social media and parasocial behaviors can be negatively perceived, and may be likely to negatively affect real-life romantic relationships.
Three pathways from anger dysregulation to lower social status among chinese boys
Authors: Zhang Hui , Stapleton Charles Matthew , Hsueh Yeh , Cohen Robert
Published: December 2019

During middle childhood, Chinese boys are particularly at risk to develop both externalizing (e.g., overt aggression) and internalizing behavioral problems (e.g., social withdrawal). A possible contributor to these problems is that boys cannot regulate their anger very well. Inability to manage anger may cause a particular social challenge for Chinese boys. Open expression of anger may be prohibited by prevailing Chinese cultural norms, because it emphasizes individuality over harmony. But anger is a socially disengaging emotion which works against social harmony. This situation requires Chinese boys to manage and express anger appropriately in social interactions. Based on the hierarchical model of social relationships and the three trends of human interactions, this study examined three pathways—aggression, social withdrawal, and sociability-leadership—that lead from Chinese boys’ anger dysregulation to their lower social status among peers at school. Participants of this study were 267 boys in Grades 3-6 from an elementary school in urban China. A self-report questionnaire of anger dysregulation was used to evaluate how often Chinese boys express their anger in dysregulated ways (e.g., attacking things or people). Peer nominations were used to measure children’s overt aggression (moving against peers), social withdrawal (moving away from peers), and sociability-leadership (moving toward peers). Social status was assessed by a sociometric measure which evaluates the degree to which children were liked by their classmates. Results showed that boys’ anger dysregulation was negatively associated with their social status. Moreover, aggression, social withdrawal, and social skills fully mediated this association. This study enriches our understanding of the mechanisms linking anger dysregulation to lower social status and provides practical implications to help Chinese boys improve social and emotional functioning in middle childhood.
The hierarchical symbol integration model of individual differences in mathematical skill
Authors: Xu Chang , Gu Feng , Newman Katherine , LeFevre Jo-Anne
Published: December 2019

Symbolic number knowledge is strongly related to mathematical performance for both children and adults. We present a model of symbolic number relations in which increasing skill is a function of hierarchical integration of symbolic associations. We tested the model by contrasting the performance of two groups of adults. One group was educated in China (n = 71) and had substantially higher levels of mathematical skill compared to the other group who was educated in Canada (n = 68). Both groups completed a variety of symbolic number tasks, including measures of cardinal number knowledge (number comparisons), ordinal number knowledge (ordinal judgments) and arithmetic fluency, as well as other mathematical measures, including number line estimation, fraction/algebra arithmetic and word problem solving. We hypothesized that Chinese-educated individuals, whose mathematical experiences include a strong emphasis on acquiring fluent access to symbolic associations among numbers, would show more integrated number symbol knowledge compared to Canadian-educated individuals. Multi-group path analysis supported the hierarchical symbol integration hypothesis. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding why performance on simple number processing tasks is persistently related to measures of mathematical performance that also involve more complex and varied numerical skills.
Adolescents and adults need inhibitory control to compare fractions
Authors: Rossi Sandrine , Vidal Julie , Letang Marie , Houdé Olivier , Borst Grégoire
Published: December 2019

For children, adolescents and educated adults, comparing fractions with common numerators (e.g., 4/5 vs. 4/9) is more challenging than comparing fractions with common denominators (e.g., 3/4 vs. 6/4) or fractions with no common components (e.g., 5/7 vs. 6/2). Errors are related to the tendency to rely on the “greater the whole number, the greater the fraction” strategy, according to which 4/9 seems larger than 4/5 because 9 is larger than 5. We aimed to determine whether the ability of adolescents and educated adults to compare fractions with common numerators was rooted in part in their ability to inhibit the use of this misleading strategy by adapting the negative priming paradigm. We found that participants were slower to compare the magnitude of two fractions with common denominators after they compared the magnitude of two fractions with common numerators than after they decided which of two fractions possessed a denominator larger than the numerator. The negative priming effects reported suggest that inhibitory control is needed at all ages to avoid errors when comparing fractions with common numerators.
La situación hermenéutica en clave gnoseo-antropológica. Un diálogo de K.O. Apel con y contra M. Heidegger.
Authors: Molina Molina Laura , Nicolás Juan Antonio
Published: December 2019

A la hora de describir aquellos elementos que intervienen en la situación hermenéutica desde la cual comprendemos e interpretamos la realidad, es posible poner el acento en unos aspectos u otros. Mientras que la interpretación tradicional de la propuesta hermenéutica de Heidegger ha hecho hincapié en el modo previo de ver (Vorsicht), el lenguaje de la comunidad (Vorgriff) o incluso las cosas mismas objeto de interpretación (Vorhabe) son puestas de relieve en el modelo hermenéutico de la antropología del conocimiento de Apel. A comparar críticamente ambas propuestas está dedicado el presente trabajo, con el objetivo de señalar las ventajas que la transformación gnoseo-antropológica de la situación hermenéutica presenta en el panorama filosófico actual.

When it comes to describe the ingredients of the hermeneutic situation from which reality is understood and interpreted, it is possible to emphasize some of them or others. Whereas the traditional interpretation of Heidegger's hermeneutic proposal has highlighted the previous way of seeing (Vorsicht), the community language (Vorgriff) or even the things themselves subject of interpretation (Vorhabe) are emphasized in the hermeneutic model of Apel's anthropology of knowledge. The main aim of this paper is to compare and evaluate both proposals, showing the advantages of the gnoseo-anthropological transformation of the hermeneutic situation within the contemporary philosophical framework.
Reseña de APEL, K.-O. (2013): Paradigmas de filosofía primera, Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros y otras obras recientes de Apel y sobre Apel
Authors: Scivoletto Gonzalo
Published: December 2019

Nota bibliográfica sobre  APEL, K.-O. (2013): Paradigmas de filosofía primera, Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros y otras obras:

APEL, K.-O. (2017): Racionalidad crítica comunicativa, Edición de Juan A. Nicolás y Laura Molina-Molina, Granada: Comares.

APEL, K.-O. (2017): Transzendentale Reflexion und Geschichte, Herausgegeben und mit einem Nachwort von Smail Rapic, Berlin: Suhrkamp.

MICHELINI, D.; De Zan, J.; Damiani, A. (eds.) (2015), Ética, política y discurso. Contribuciones desde América Latina, Río Cuarto: Ediciones del ICALA.

MOLINA-MOLINA, L. (2019): Lenguaje y corporalidad en la filosofía de K.-O. Apel. Hacia una integración de la antropología del conocimiento y la pragmática trascendental, Granada: Comares.
Weapon and tool use during the Nordic Bronze Age
Authors: Horn Christian , Karck Tine
Published: December 2019

The article is based on wear analysis carried out on 101 bladed objects including swords, spears, daggers, and knives. They are dating mostly to the Early Nordic Bronze Age. Wear marks vary over time and for each object category. The data are discussed to investigate the implications of the variation in the wear patterns. It is argued that a true specialization of the combat roles of swords and spears occurs first during the advanced Early Bronze Age. This may lead to the gradual loss of the role daggers had in combat. This is interpreted as evidence that the design and use of bladed objects inform each other and cause gradual changes.
Ølby Woman:
Authors: Reiter Samantha Scott , Frei Karin Margarita , Nørgaard Heide Wrobel , Kaul Flemming
Published: December 2019

The Early Nordic Bronze Age oak coffin burials include some of Europe’s best preserved human remains. Although traditional typological examinations thereof have not always found clear foreign references, recent provenance investigations from Egtved and Skrydstrup suggest that the two women were of non-local provenance. In order to investigate potential mobility patterns and how these might or might not be related to the archaeological evidence, we conducted comprehensive multi-analytical investigations on the Ølby Woman, another key female oak coffin burial. Her grave included large metal items, the remains of a corded skirt and a glass bead recently identified as of Egyptian origin. Strontium isotope analyses of the dental enamel of Ølby’s first, second and third molars investigate her provenance and potential mobility through childhood. Furthermore, we conducted lead isotope analyses and craft technical analyses of her belt plate and sword/dagger. Our results reveal that the Ølby female’s strontium isotope signatures fall within the local baseline, suggesting that she was of local origin. The metal provenance studies and craft technical studies of the belt plate and sword suggest that the objects were manufactured in Scandinavia, while the raw materials for each item were imported from different places in Europe.
Between Bullshit and Faketuality
Authors: Pilipets Elena
Published: December 2019

THIS PAPER EXPLORES THE ANOMALOUS ROLE THAT TODAY’S SOCIAL MEDIA ENVIRONMENTS PLAY IN THE DYNAMICS OF AFFECTIVE AMPLIFICATION THROUGH VIRAL VISUAL CONTENT. AFFECTED BY THE POST 9/11 LOGIC OF MEDIA SECURITIZATION, THE CIRCULATION OF MANIPULATED IMAGES AND INTERNET MEMES HAS CREATED AN ATMOSPHERE OF CONTROVERSIAL SENTIMENTS AND IRRATIONAL FACTS. THE PREVALENT EXPERIENCE OF DISORIENTATION THAT PERPETUATES ITSELF IN THESE RELATIONS FEEDS ON THE EVERYDAY MICRO-ANTICIPATIONS OF CLAIM AND COUNTERCLAIM, MAKING THE DOUBLE BINARY OF FACT AND FICTION, SOURCE AND ADAPTATION IMPOSSIBLE TO SUSTAIN. AGAINST THIS BACKGROUND, THE DISCUSSION WILL FOCUS ON HOW THE VIRAL SPREAD OF ONE PARTICULAR IMAGE DURING THE REFUGEE CRISIS HAS CONTRIBUTED TO THE EMERGENCE OF THE ISSUE OF ‘TERRORIST REFUGEES’. EXPLORING THE INFRASTRUCTURES OF MEDIA ALERT BEHIND THIS ISSUE, I ADDRESS THE RE- AND PREMEDIATING FORCES AT PLAY IN THE CIRCULATION OF THE IMAGE AS FAKETUAL. RATHER THAN RELYING ON THE AVAILABILITY OF VALID SOURCES, NETWORKED FORMATIONS OF FAKETUALITY FEEL TRUE EVEN THEY ARE KNOWN TO BE FABRICATED. I DEVELOP THIS ARGUMENT BY ADAPTING DIGITAL METHODS TO REFLECT ON THE SHIFTS IN CONTROVERSIAL RELATIONS OF RELEVANCE/VISIBILITY AS THEY UNFOLD THROUGH OUR EVERYDAY ENCOUNTERS WITH SEARCH ENGINES, ONLINE NEWS MEDIA, AND SOCIAL PLATFORMS.
Data-driven classification of the certainty of scholarly assertions
Authors: Prieto Mario , Deus Helena , De Waard Anita , Schultes Erik , García-Jiménez Beatriz , Wilkinson Mark D
Published: December 2019

The grammatical structures scholars use to express their assertions are intended to convey various degrees of certainty or speculation. Prior studies have suggested a variety of categorization systems for scholarly certainty; however, these have not been objectively tested for their validity, particularly with respect to representing the interpretation by the reader, rather than the intention of the author. In this study, we use a series of questionnaires to determine how researchers classify various scholarly assertions, using three distinct certainty classification systems. We find that there are three distinct categories of certainty along a spectrum from high to low. We show that these categories can be detected in an automated manner, using a machine learning model, with a cross-validation accuracy of 89.2% relative to an author-annotated corpus, and 82.2% accuracy against a publicly-annotated corpus. This finding provides an opportunity for contextual metadata related to certainty to be captured as a part of text-mining pipelines, which currently miss these subtle linguistic cues. We provide an exemplar machine-accessible representation - a Nanopublication - where certainty category is embedded as metadata in a formal, ontology-based manner within text-mined scholarly assertions.
Acumuladores de animais na perspectiva da promoção e da vigilância em saúde
Authors: Rodrigues Claudio Manuel
Published: December 2019

A acumulação de animais é considerada um fenômeno complexo que, apesar de já ser reconhecido no universo acadêmico, ainda é de difícil solução para a gestão da saúde. Os estudos a respeito de acumulação, principalmente de animais, são incipientes no Brasil. Este artigo de revisão da literatura tem por objetivo alertar a respeito desta complexa morbidade, cada vez mais comum às aglomerações urbanas, indicando ações de promoção e de vigilância em saúde que permitam garantir a saúde dos animais, do acumulador e da coletividade a qual ele pertença. Sugere-se que uma nova abordagem em relação ao distúrbio de acumulação de animais possa combater a pouca visibilidade - inclusive acadêmica - demonstrada na revisão da literatura, ampliando o investimento em intervenções específicas que possam explicitar esse importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil.
Immunoprevention: a course of decades and the challenge to tackle false information
Authors: Macedo Cristina Ribeiro
Published: December 2019

Despite the growing structure of the National Immunization Program, it was possible to witness the resurgence of immunopreventable diseases that were supposed to be controlled. Such phenomenon motivates unrest and discussion in the field of public health, encouraging the academic and scientific community to seek answers, because clearly factors are interfering with the quality of the intended end product, which is the immunogenic protection of populations. In this way, it was evidenced that the media has favored the circulation of dubious and falsely articulated information, causing a fear in the populationthat makes it difficult to adhere to receiving vaccines. Frequently, those attitudes are based on concepts,values, philosophical and religious beliefs that hinder the effective communication of health professionals and the population eligible to receive the immunobiological. In this scenario , false news can cause health problems, hence, it is important to stands out the significance of scientific information. False publications were determinants in the worldwide expansion of the anti-vaccine movement. Indicators of morbidity and mortality are important in the delineation of coping priority in healthcare, but understanding the phenomena that permeate the decision making of populations is of paramount importance for the design of strategies. Research methodologies with different perspective on the same topic complement each other. It is not enough to quantify the problem, but it is also necessary to look for the social changes that occur inthe group and to determine the diversification of behavior in society, mixed research methodologies often propose results that broaden understanding. It is emphasized that providing false information implies the deconstruction of science, considering that scientific information supports decisions that involve the health of the population in different contexts and support the development of public health policies.
Hydrogeological setting of a Rome city sector: shallow groundwater in the right side of Tiber River inside the G.R.A highway
Authors: Clausi Adele , Mazza Roberto , La Vigna Francesco , Bonfà Isidoro
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a detailed hydrogeological study of a Rome city sector, in the right side of Tiber River, inside the G.R.A. highway. A hydrogeological model of this city sector has been developed through geologic-stratigraphical analysis also of data provided by the Environmental Protection Department of Roma Capitale (Municipality of Rome) and the observation of historical topographic and thematic maps. This model is more detailed than the most recent Hydrogeological Map of Rome (1:50.000 scale), published in 2015, and allowed identifying the shallowest groundwater flow systems for the first time. This detailed model can be a very useful tool for agencies and administrations managing the protection of groundwater resources.
Operando observation of resistive switching in a resistive random-access memory by laser-excited photoemission electron microscope
Authors: Okuda Yuji , Kawakita Junpei , Taniuchi Toshiyuki , Shima Hisashi , Shimizu Atsushi , Naitoh Yasuhisa , Kinoshita Kentaro , Akinaga Hiro , Shin Shik
Published: December 2019

We developed a laser-excited photoemission electron microscope (Laser-PEEM) that enables us to perform a non-destructive operando observation for elucidating the changes in the physical properties of electronic devices. By utilizing the Laser-PEEM, the non-volatile resistance change in the resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) was clearly visualized, even though the resistance change occurred under the electrode of the ReRAM, thanks to the deep probing depth. The operando observation of the Laser-PEEM is very promising as an observation method for various kinds of devices because the observation simultaneously provides us with morphological and electrical properties in real time.
Modelling the effect of curves on distance running performance
Authors: Taboga Paolo , Kram Rodger
Published: December 2019

Background

Although straight ahead running appears to be faster, distance running races are predominately contested on tracks or roads that involve curves. How much faster could world records be run on straight courses?

Methods

Here,we propose a model to explain the slower times observed for races involving curves compared to straight running. For a given running velocity, on a curve, the average axial leg force (${\overline{F}}_{a}$) of a runner is increased due to the need to exert centripetal force. The increased ${\overline{F}}_{a}$ presumably requires a greater rate of metabolic energy expenditure than straight running at the same velocity. We assumed that distance runners maintain a constant metabolic rate and thus slow down on curves accordingly. We combined published equations to estimate the change in the rate of gross metabolic energy expenditure as a function of ${\overline{F}}_{a}$, where ${\overline{F}}_{a}$ depends on curve radius and velocity, with an equation for the gross rate of oxygen uptake as a function of velocity. We compared performances between straight courses and courses with different curve radii and geometries.

Results

The differences between our model predictions and the actual indoor world records, are between 0.45% in 3,000 m and 1.78% in the 1,500 m for males, and 0.59% in the 5,000 m and 1.76% in the 3,000 m for females. We estimate that a 2:01:39 marathon on a 400 m track, corresponds to 2:01:32 on a straight path and to 2:02:00 on a 200 m track.

Conclusion

Our model predicts that compared to straight racecourses, the increased time due to curves, is notable for smaller curve radii and for faster velocities. But, for larger radii and slower speeds, the time increase is negligible and the general perception of the magnitude of the effects of curves on road racing performance is not supported by our calculations.
A new species ofAtrimitraDall, 1918 (Gastropoda: Mitridae) from seamounts of the recently created Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park, Chile
Authors: Sellanes Javier , Salisbury Richard A. , Tapia Jan M. , Asorey Cynthia M.
Published: December 2019

We describeAtrimitra isolatasp. n. (Gastropoda: Mitridae), collected on the summit of seamounts (~200 m water depth) in the vicinity of Desventuradas Islands, Chile insular territory. Additionally, we provide some insight into the habitat of this new species based on underwater imagery taken with a remotely operated vehicle.A. isolatasp. n. is characterized by its small size (up to 26 mm), elongate-ovate shape, solid shell and smooth appearance. It has a base brown color, with some specimens being tan or yellow. It is morphologically related to counterparts from shallow depths on the west coast of North, Central and South America (i.e.,Atrimitra idae,Atrimitra orientalisandAtrimitra semigranosa), but has no affinities with species of the family reported from around Easter Island, on the far western side of the Salas y Gómez ridge (e.g.,Strigatella flavocingulata,Imbricariopsis punctataandNeocancilla takiisaoi), or with other Indo-Pacific species. The present contribution adds to the knowledge of the poorly studied fauna of the seamounts in the southern portion of the Nazca ridge and easternmost section of the Sala y Gómez ridge, an area characterized by the high degree of endemism of its benthic fauna, and now protected within the large and newly created Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park.
Production and characteristics of fish protein hydrolysate from parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) head
Authors: Prihanto Asep A. , Nurdiani Rahmi , Bagus Annas D.
Published: December 2019

Background

Fish byproducts are commonly recognized as low-value resources. In order to increase the value, fish byproducts need to be converted into new products with high functionality such as fish protein hydrolysate (FPH). In this study, FPH manufactured from parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) heads using different pH, time and sample ratio was investigated.

Methods

Hydrolysis reactions were conducted under different pHs (5, 7, and 9) and over different durations (12 and 24 h). Control treatment (without pH adjustment (pH 6.4)) and 0 h hydrolsisis duration were applied. Hydrolysates were characterized with respect to proximate composition, amino acid profile, and molecular weight distribution. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate was also observed.

Results

The pH and duration of hydrolysis significantly affected (p < 0.05) the characteristics of FPH. The highest yield of hydrolysate (49.04 ± 0.90%), with a degree of hydrolysis of 30.65 ± 1.82%, was obtained at pH 9 after 24 h incubation. In addition, the FPH had high antioxidant activity (58.20 ± 0.55%), with a high level of essential amino acids. Results suggested that FPH produced using endogenous enzymes represents a promising additive for food and industrial applications.
Epidermal Cell Sheet Transplantation on an Anastomotic Site of the Small Intestine in an Experimental Animal Model
Authors: Bamba Yoshiko , Kanai Nobuo , Kobayashi Shinichiro , Shindo Hironari , Kameoka Shingo , Yamamoto Masakazu
Published: December 2019

Objective:

The present study was performed to examine the effects of anastomotic site tissue reconstruction by transplantation of epidermal cell sheets onto the small intestine in an animal model. Cell sheet engineering using cell sheets are used to construct monolayers and bilayers, which are then transplanted into organs. Clinical trials of the application of cell sheets to the cornea, esophagus, lung, and heart muscle are currently underway.

Methods:

The small intestine in female pig (20 kg) was cut 1.5 cm vertically at 6 points at 10-cm intervals, and Gambee sutures were applied at 5-mm intervals. The suture line was covered by epidermal cell sheets. Resection was performed 1 week after the operation.

Results:

Cell sheets applied to sutures in the small intestine survived and differentiated 1 week after transplantation. The small intestine showed marked thickening in the region of cell sheet transplantation, and the amount of connective tissue in the transplanted specimens was 2.54 times that in controls.

Conclusions:

Further studies are necessary to identify the strength of anastomosis and substances that may enhance collagen synthesis and healing at sites of anastomosis.
Eventos extremos no estado do Ceará, Brasil: uma análise estatística de episódios pluviométricos no mês de março de 2019
Authors: Monteiro Jander Barbosa , Zanella Maria Elisa
Published: December 2019

Nesta investigação, foram analisados acumulados diários expressivos de precipitação pluvial que ocorreram em março de 2019 no estado do Ceará, com o intuito de identificar se os mesmos foram considerados extremos (a partir da Metodologia Estatística dos Máximos de Precipitação), além de analisar os sistemas atmosféricos que deflagraram tais eventos e possíveis danos ocasionados. Foram selecionados os dez maiores acumulados diários de março registrados nos postos da Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos - FUNCEME e identificados os sistemas atmosféricos atuantes que contribuíram para tais episódios pluviométricos a partir de imagens de satélites disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE. Os acumulados diários foram, ao menos, um dos três maiores já registrados nos postos (cinco foram recordes) e estavam associados à atuação conjunta de dois ou mais sistemas atmosféricos. As TSMs do Atlântico (próximo à costa) apresentaram um padrão favorável à ocorrência de precipitações. Os acumulados diários foram pontuais e contribuíram para um considerável aporte de água apenas em algumas reservas hídricas do estado, pois as chuvas não apresentaram uma distribuição espaço-temporal homogênea.

Abstract

EXTREME EVENTS IN THE STATE OF CEARÁ, BRAZIL: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL EPISODES IN MARCH 2019

In this investigation, we analyzed expressive daily accumulated of pluvial precipitation that occurred in March 2019 in the State of Ceará, in order to identify if they were considered extreme (from the Statistical Methodology of the Maximum Precipitation), and to analyze the atmospheric systems that started such events and possible damage caused by them. The ten largest daily accumulations of March recorded in the posts of the Foundation for Metereological and Hydric Resources of Ceará State (FUNCEME) were selected. At the same time, the atmospheric systems that contributed to these pluviometric episodes were identified from satellite images provided by the National Institute of Space Research (INPE). Daily accruals were at least one of the three largest already registered at the stations (five were records) and were associated with joint performance of two or more atmospheric systems. Atlantic TMSM (near the coast) showed a favorable pattern for precipitation. The daily accumulations were punctual and allowed a considerable contribution only in some water reserves of the Ceará State, because the rain did not present a homogeneous spatial/temporal distribution.
Conectividade e territórios em rede do narcotráfico na Amazônia Brasileira
Authors: Couto Aiala Colares
Published: December 2019

A presença de organizações criminosas que utilizam a região como uma área de trânsito ou rota de distribuição/abastecimento de cocaína de origem Andina demonstra esta relação fronteiriça do crime organizado. Trata-se da construção de territórios, ou mais ainda, representam relações de poder que se manifestam a partir das redes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a conectividade do narcotráfico na região amazônica a partir da construção de territórios-rede. A metodologia adotada pauta-se em pesquisas bibliográficas e análise de documentos como os relatórios da Delegacia de Repressão ao Crime Organizado (DRCO-PA) e os relatórios de apreensão de entorpecentes da Polícia Federal; ambos os documentos se referem ao período de 2013 a 2015. O resultado da pesquisa aponta para o fato de que o narcotráfico em redes atende ao funcionamento de outras atividades criminosas ao mesmo tempo em que torna vulneráveis as fronteiras do Estado nacional.

Abstract

CONNECTIVITY AND TERRITORIES IN NETWORKS DRUG TRAFFICKING IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

The presence of criminal organizations that use the region as a traffic area or as a distribution/supply route of Andina origin cocaine, demonstrate this border-ish relation of organized crime. It is about the construction of territories, moreover, represent power relations, which manifest from the networks. This work has as objective to analyze the connectivity of narcotraffic in the amazon region from the construction of territories-network. The adopted methodology bases on bibliographic research and documents analysis such as; reports from the Delegacy of Repression to Organized Crime (DRCO-PA), narcotics apprehension reports from the Federal Police, both documents refer to the period from 2013 to 2015. The research result points to the fact that narcotraffic in networks attends to the functioning of other criminal activities at the same time where they make vulnerable the frontiers of the national state.
Ver, ser e estar nas paisagens: trajetórias de um conceito em abertura
Authors: Ponte Patrícia
Published: December 2019

“A paisagem não é feita para se olhar”. Essa afirmação de Eric Dardel, em seu livro O Homem e a Terra, originalmente publicado na década de 1950, vai de encontro, de forma muito à frente de sua época – e até mesmo dos dias atuais –, do que comumente – e geograficamente – se entende por paisagem. Embora muitas décadas tenham se passado desde essa publicação, pouco parece ter ficado dessa concepção de paisagem nos estudos geográficos, até mesmo se consideramos as produções da geografia humanista, campo que mais se apropriou da obra do geógrafo francês. Ao afirmar que a paisagem não é feita para se olhar, Dardel rompe com a herança da visualidade pictórica atribuída ao termo e que perpassou, seguindo diferentes caminhos, a construção teórica desse conceito na ciência geográfica. O que é paisagem, o que há na paisagem, então, além do que vemos? Essas são questões que buscaremos explorar no presente artigo, a partir de uma revisão das trajetórias da paisagem na geografia e suas atuais aberturas.

Abstract

SEEING, BEING AND BEING IN LANDSCAPES: PATHWAYS OF AN OPENING CONCEPT

“The landscape is not made to look at”. This statement by Eric Dardel, in his book L’Homme et la Terre, originally published in the 1950s, disagrees, far ahead of his time – and even today – rather than commonly – and geographically –, with what has been meant by landscape. Although many decades have passed since this publication, little seems to have been left of this conception of landscape in geographical studies, even if we consider the productions of humanistic geography, a field that best appropriated the work of the French geographer. By asserting that the landscape is not made to look at, Dardel breaks with the inheritance of the pictorial visuality attributed to the term and that has run through, following different paths, the theoretical construction of this concept in geographical science. What is landscape? So, what is in the landscape beyond what we see? These are questions that we will seek to explore in this paper, from a review of landscape pathways in geography and its current openings.