bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Combined Training in Engineering and Commerce
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

IN GREAT BRITAIN we have been slow enough to start training juveniles in commercial and administrative subjects, but we have been even more tardy in combining a training in engineering with one in commerce. Today, commercial apprenticeship is moving forward, albeit very slowly, but of combined schemes there are no more than a mere handful in the whole country—at a guess round about half a dozen. A feature of the ‘pure commercial’ apprenticeship as it exists at the moment is that it is at technician level — it is a student apprenticeship, if you like — rather than at a level equivalent to craft apprenticeship. What has not emerged yet is some acceptable commercial training scheme at the craft level.
Careers Guidance beyond the School
Authors: Flanders N.W.E.
Published: February 2008

Last month the author discussed co‐operation between school careers staff and the Youth Employment Service in planning careers guidance. The present article deals with the Youth Employment Officer's continuing duties after the young person has left school
Projection Training for Engineering Student Apprentices
Authors: Inglis F.M.
Published: February 2008

This type of training centres on a group project, but its essence is the continuous ‘projection’ of company information into the students — once they have discovered what it is that they want to know. The information and guidance is given by high‐level staff, but the suggestions come from the students. This method is now also being tried experimentally with technical apprentices on block release
Some Functions of a College Foundry
Authors: Harris T.R.
Published: February 2008

New teaching facilities — to vary the old joke — are a great help in meeting the problems you didn't face before you had them. But who complains about that?
‘MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERS AND PHYSICISTS’
Authors: Hutchings Donald W.
Published: February 2008

This report — the fourth of the Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) ‘New Thinking’ series on school mathematics — deals with a problem of critical importance for the present and future output of scientific and technical manpower: “In some countries … the acquisition of the knowledge of mathematics needed to follow scientific and technical instruction at university level constitutes a serious obstacle. If this obstacle is too difficult to overcome, many naturally gifted young people are either lost to a scientific or technical career — or else, they lose heart.” Those were the terms in which the authorities of one of the 20 member countries of OECD expressed the suggestion that: “ … it would therefore be extremely interesting to come to some understanding as to how much mathematical knowledge is indispensable for engineers and scientists.”
AN APPROACH TO ENGINEERING WORKSHOP PRACTICE
Authors: Ormerod T.F.
Published: February 2008

WE HAVE stopped making models at Accrington. Making models — scribing blocks, pulley extractors, bell‐punches and so forth — is of limited use to a technician student in correlating his Maths with his Engineering Science and both of these with his Workshop Technology. It does give a sketchy background, but very rarely exploits anything like the full potentialities of a college engineering workshop.
Towards PLANNED MANPOWER POLICY
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

How is the Common Market to put its manpower and training plans into practice — and what implications will this have for Britain? John Wellens answers these questions, and also brings into focus two rather remarkable features of Britain's national life: the Minister of Labour's industry by industry talks about apprenticeship and the timing of the formation of the NEDC. Can they be seen as moves …
PUPILS INTO STUDENTS
Authors: Young J.T. , Layne C.H.
Published: February 2008

In order to ease the transition from school to college and to assist in the correct placement of students on technical courses, the Crowther Report advocated that experiments should be undertaken with a full‐time induction period (lasting one month in the Autumn) for all students starting a normal three‐year or five‐year day‐release course. The recent White Paper ‘Better Opportunities in Technical Education’ repeated this recommendation and asked colleges to experiment both with full‐time induction courses and tutorial methods.
PREPARING FOR EDP
Authors: Marlow H.B.
Published: February 2008

The author was till recently Assistant Training Officer to Rubery, Owen and Co Ltd at Darlaston. From his experience there he presents this framework for training designed to prepare for the introduction of electronic data processing to problems of control in manufacturing industry
TRAINING: WHAT IS REQUIRED?
Authors: Rossiter Jean F.
Published: February 2008

Deciding the training needs of new employees and ensuring that these needs are met — this forms the main subject of this article. With existing staff there are other considerations. These will be discussed next month along with training methods in general
ADULTS
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

Of current trends in industrial training abroad one of the most significant is the attempt to focus more attention on the training and retraining of adults.
A VISIT TO LETCHWORTH, ONE OF THE
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

If there is a Government policy toward training it is one of detachment or non‐involvement, occasionally modified by the need to do something to meet an emotionally charged situation touched off by either local or temporary misfortune. This being so, it surprises many people — experts in industrial training included — to learn that about 5,000 people, nearly all adults, are trained annually by the Ministry of Labour in its Government Training Centres or in similar establishments with Government financial assistance.
SELECTION AND ORGANISATION
Authors: Venables Ethel C.
Published: February 2008

WHILE IT is naturally gratifying to see how many workers are now being attracted to this field of research, the range of work reported in this particular section is nevertheless disappointing.
APPOINTMENTS WITHOUT FEAR
Authors: Howard B.C.
Published: February 2008

ALTHOUGH THE requirements of further education have expanded and altered rapidly in the recent past, and although they seem likely to continue to do so, the method of appointing lecturers in some colleges appears not to have altered for many years.
PLUMBERS… and their Technical Education
Authors: Clark R.J.
Published: February 2008

IT ONLY takes a cold snap to find us all looking for the golden boy of building — the plumber — the man who can wipe a joint or a patch, or mend a pipe just well enough to last until the next freeze‐up.
The Content of
Authors: Tyas J.G.M.
Published: February 2008

THERE IS a growing tendency for industrial managements to recognise the importance to morale and efficiency; of effective communications‐horizontal and vertical, individual and collective, within the workplace, and between the organisation and the outside world. This has led to an increased interest within colleges, and to the establishment of teaching posts in Communications, mainly within departments of Management and Liberal Studies. However, because this movement is still in its infancy there is no general body of agreement as to the subject matter of a course in Communications, or how it should be taught. The following notes are therefore offered in the hope that they may stimulate some fruitful thought and discussion. They will be concerned with immediate and practical matters only; for, in the nature of things, it will be many years before a body of generally received theory can be built up.
The White Paper on Industrial Training
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

THE PREVIOUS article in this series on the White Paper on Industrial Training sought to establish the importance of the over‐all body — the National Occupational Training Authority or NOCTA. At that stage in the argument the need for NOCTA was seen in terms of a co‐ordinating and integrating agency to draw together all the many bodies whose work relates to this field. A further need was seen in the fact that there are tasks which need to be carried out, but which do not fall within the province of the training boards.
PRACTICAL WORK IN THE NEW ENGINEERING COURSES … 5
Authors: Longden J.
Published: February 2008

BEFORE DISCUSSING Part 2 of the course, it may be useful to see where the supplementary subjects of Part 1 stand in relation to the course as a whole, especially as they are intended to be essentially ‘practical’ subjects. These subjects are not intended to raise the level of Part 1, nor are they in any way entry requirements for Part 2—a student may complete the whole course satisfactorily without taking any of them. What then are they for? There are four main reasons for the supplementary subjects.
The Impending Bill on Industrial Training —The Certification Issue
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

As with most of the issues to be included in the forthcoming Training Bill, the issue of certification of young workers sounds pretty straightforward and simple. Experience in the comparable field of driving tests illuminates some of the serious — perhaps crucial — problems we will have to face before a viable and worthwhile system can be introduced.
PRACTICAL WORK IN THE NEW ENGINEERING COURSES … 7
Authors: Longden J.
Published: February 2008

THOSE WHO have been involved in the teaching and organisation of Workshop Practice at the final stage of the Machine Shop Engineering course, will know of many fine examples of precision manufacture carried out in college workshops. It is true that, through this practice, many students have found their only contact with and experience of certain machines and processes. To this extent, Course 63, Workshop Practice, often supplied a particular need, but it could not, in about 100 hours, remedy the training deficiencies from which that need very often sprang.
ADULT TRAINING AND RE‐TRAINING IN THE US
Authors: Tolley G.
Published: February 2008

IT IS OFTEN conceded that many of America's problems are ours too, although our two countries are usually out of phase. With the growth of unemployment in Britain, and the growth of new, scientifically based industries, there is evidence that manpower problems now becoming apparent are similar to those which have been steadily developing in the US during the last five years or so. The recent NEDC Report ‘Growth of the United Kingdom Economy to 1966’ has pointed out that a shortage of skilled manpower will continue side by side with large‐scale redundancies in some major industries. Re‐training schemes will obviously become necessary.
10 A PEG‐BOARD AID FOR THE TEACHING OF TAPER TURNING
Authors: Tripley R.A.E.
Published: February 2008

This visual aid has been developed to assist the teaching of the principle of taper turning; the model simulates an attachment available with many present‐day lathes.
Change in General Studies
Authors: Kingsford P.W.
Published: February 2008

AS LONG AGO as 1951, and almost certainly much earlier, voices were raised that humane or liberal studies should be included in technical education. In an article that year, the writer pleaded for a union between the social sciences and technological education. He argued that the teacher of economics or sociology should provide the social framework of engineering or building. A Unesco report claimed that “the right method was for cultural studies to grow naturally out of the subject matter of technical training.”
LETTERS & DISCUSSION
Authors: Hicks L. , Brown J.B.
Published: February 2008

MY LETTER in the September issue seems to have kindled the flame and the pot is on the boil again.
INTEGRATED BASIC TRAINING COURSES IN THE COLLEGE
Authors: Longden J.
Published: February 2008

Courses of the type Mr Longden describes are likely to increase rapidly in number under the forthcoming legislation on Industrial Training — witness Sir Herbert Andrew's remarks to the BACIE annual conference (see p510). Mr Longden is Head of the Department of Engineering at Mid‐Warwickshire College of Further Education
Better Opportunities …
Authors: Bellairs L.G.
Published: February 2008

IT IS NOW possible to observe the pattern developing in craft and technician courses following the reorganisation prompted by the Government's White Paper. The City and Guilds of London Institute's Mechanical Engineering Craft Practice course (No 193) has been running for four years and the Mechanical Technicians' course for two years. Electrical Technicians and Installation courses have been in operation several years, although the latter scheme was modified two years ago in order to provide an alternative craft course; these electrical courses must now be considered part of the new comprehensive scheme. This year the examination for the General Engineering course was held for the first time, and in September the intake to the new Ordinary National Certificate course had to conform to the higher entry standards.
LETTERS & DISCUSSION
Authors: Francis J.R.D.
Published: February 2008

THE QUESTIONS set in engineering examinations are in one respect surprisingly uniform in nearly all universities, and colleges, and professional institutions: each question describes a more or less simple engineering problem in as few words as possible and adds the relevant dimensions or measurements necessary for the solution which is carefully defined as the desired end. Great care is taken by examiners to ensure that the description is terse, has adequate but not redundant information, and this is occasionally assisted by a small, simplified diagram reproduced in the text of the exam paper. These diagrams are often so highly simplified that the parts are indistinguishable as real engineering components.
DICTATED PRODUCTION
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

IT IS an amazing fact that, all over the world, not only in Britain, training aids for craft skills have far more often been visual appliances than audio‐appliances. This is quite illogical. A trainee acquiring craft skills must have his eyes on the work area, most of the time on the workpiece itself — and more particularly on the point of contact of tool and workpiece. To put the trainee in a training situation in which he is constantly having to shift his field of vision from the workpiece to a chart or an instruction sheet is poor practice. It requires head movements and refocusing of the eyes and these are wasteful and exhausting when continued throughout the day. It certainly interrupts concentration in so far as it requires a repeated shift of attention. And while this over‐use of the eyes is taking place the audio channel is dormant or under‐exploited. One wonders, then, why so little use has been made of the audio‐channel for recorded instruction in craft skills. It is interesting to learn that the Radio Communications Division of GEC (Electronics) Ltd of Coventry, a member of the GEC Group, has been experimenting with this new method for about four years and it has accumulated a great amount of experience already.
For Dip. Tech. students
Authors: Marshall V.C.
Published: February 2008

THIN SANDWICH COURSES make particularly heavy demands for industrial training places for their students, as each student needs four different types of training in his four‐year course. This Department aims to select the four from among the seven or so considered suitable: the industrial chemistry laboratory, the engineering workshop, the pilot plant, the chemical engineering research laboratory, full‐scale production units, commissioning of new plant, and the design office. Some of these types of experience are relatively easy to obtain in the United Kingdom, whereas others, particularly experience in the engineering workshops, are much harder to come by.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING RILL
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

FOLLOWING THE second reading, reported in the last issue, the Bill was considered in Committee in December. This Committee stage — four sittings of about two hours each — was dispatched with commendable speed by the 25 Committee members before Christmas — a fact which leads one to suppose that the Bill could become law some time in February or very shortly afterwards.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING BILL — the final form
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

THIS IS the last of three articles which together give a complete account of the Industrial Training Bill. That in the January issue dealt with the Bill as originally introduced: that in the February issue treated the amendments brought in at the Committee Stage. Some of these amendments were agreed in Committee and are, in consequence, incorporated in the Bill; some were rejected. A third group of amendments were left over for further consideration. The final decisions on these postponed topics were given at the Report Stage on Tuesday, 21st January.
WASTE
Authors: Finch Ian
Published: February 2008

BROADLY SPEAKING, the 1961 White Paper can be said to have had two main considerations, both of them expedient, and neither of them particularly palatable.
9 The electronics laboratory at North Staffordshire College of Technology
Authors: Machin J.W.
Published: February 2008

The laboratory's main working bench is arranged round the walls and has been designed for a comfortable working position. The shelf above the bench is of sufficient width and strength to accommodate all but the largest instruments. The power supplies to the bench consist of a generous number of 240V a.c. shuttered socket outlets and a smaller number of 240V d.c. switched socket outlets. There are also coaxial sockets connected to the main radio and TV antennae. In general it has been found most convenient to use small individual stabilised power supplies for separate experiments.
17 Workshop organisation and equipment for Radio and TV practical classes
Authors: Anderson W.J.
Published: February 2008

Teaching radio and television theory in technical colleges has rarely, if ever, presented any problems. The scope of the syllabus is laid down clearly and in detail by the examining body, and the college has only to work out the order of teaching the items laid down in any one year's programme.
Courses for training the Training Officer
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

Courses for training the training officer are catching on and appear to be shaking down to some discernible common pattern. It is no secret that the Garnett College attempt to found a regular course was not encouraging and, having this in mind, the success of the Coombe Lodge course is not easy to explain — Coombe Lodge was over‐subscribed.
Should colleges teach engineering?
Authors: TURNER H.J.
Published: February 2008

Specialisation, and its concomitant, the division of labour, are efficient and — to most applied scientists — essential working techniques.
Discussion
Authors: YAXLEY P.E.
Published: February 2008

A recent statement by the Rt. Hon. Joseph Godber, that he is ‘greatly concerned with the small number of qualified training officers’, has led me to question whether the reason for this is that many are sharing my experiences.
The linking of Technical College courses with industrial training
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

The most significant fact about all job training, certainly in Britain, is that we have adopted without any serious conflict a convention which separates instruction into two parts: practical and theoretical.
Technical education since 1851
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

South Kensington to Robbins. M. Argles 178 pp Longmans 21s The content of this book is accurately described by its sub‐title, An Account of English Technical and Scientific Education since 1851. In presenting a survey of technical and scientific education since the Great Exhibition, the author has clearly seen the need for some accurate, complete and readable account of this neglected topic. Despite the very large number of books on English education and its development, there is surprisingly little written on the history of technical education: most historical surveys just leave out the technical aspects. Certainly the need is there.
Block release and day release — a comparison
Authors: Allan A.Q. , Higgins J.S.
Published: February 2008

This report is a brief description of a controlled study of block release and day release courses made in this department during the 1963–64 session with the object of comparing their merits and drawing conclusions as to their relative effectiveness.
Third angle projection 2 … Sectional views
Authors: RHODES R.S.
Published: February 2008

Most students can imagine the shape of the section when a component is cut in a particular plane. A few simple castings or wooden models which have been sawn through are useful aids — indeed, there are students who gain in understanding by doing the sewing themselves.
Elements of Engineering Design—at ‘A’ level
Authors: FOY R.
Published: February 2008

During the past ten or fifteen years, the relative prosperity of our society, with its changing values, has been reflected in most selective schools by an increase in the size of the sixth‐form. Admirable though this trend may be, it brings certain difficulties — notably that of maintaining academic standards. At one period it might perhaps have been reasonable to regard the majority of sixth‐form students as potential university entrants, but such a simple formula no longer exists.
Programmed instruction in the factory
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

By 1964, ten years after Skinner's original publication on the subject, programmed instruction has made remarkably little headway in Britain. Some excellent work has been done in the Services and a number of schools have shown an interest, but the industrial firms which have made use of, or are experimenting with, programmed instruction number round about half a dozen.
The making of a principal
Authors: BRISTOW ADRIAN
Published: February 2008

Why do otherwise sane and healthy men seek to become principals? Ambition pricks some on; wives needle others forward; mere money (regretfully) fires a number. There are also the odd psychos lusting for power and dominion — though we try to hide these in the cupboard. Yet all these budding principals have one thing in common — no planned preparation for the post.
Planning an executive development programme
Authors: BRADDICK W.A.G.
Published: February 2008

Preparing a one‐month course for any group of adult students presents problems. When the course is for middle and senior managers, things may be that much trickier. Apart from anything else there is no general agreement on what the content of a management course should be, but — particularly with a group of this sort — there will inevitably be a wide variation in experience, educational background and training. Probably most important of all, however, managers tend to be doers rather than thinkers: they are generally not academically inclined and do not take kindly to the passive role of an attentive student.
Assessing secretarial training requirements … 1
Authors: PENDLEBURY A.C.
Published: February 2008

The first of two articles‐the second will suggest some methods of training secretaries in aspects of their work where the quality could be improved.
Discussion
Authors: GROSSET P.
Published: February 2008

A few months ago, I would have scoffed at the idea that teachers, perhaps totally untrained in TV production techniques, could put on more effective programmes than, say, the BBC. But now, having seen most of the first term's BBC series for use in General Studies in Technical Colleges, Living in the Present, I am not so sure. For this series has been a considerable disappointment. Intended as ‘a discussion of the place of the individual in modern society’ it has hardly ever succeeded in getting to grips with its subject. Indeed, judging by the frantic jumping around from one topic to another within each programme, it seems doubtful if the producer ever really stopped to consider just what his subject was. The result has been remarkably uninformative and unstimulating. It is difficult to imagine teachers allowing themselves to get so confused both in aim and treatment.
Engineering drawing: further steps
Authors: OLD W.S.
Published: February 2008

The five basic steps outlined in last month's article brought the student to the task of preparing a pictorial view from an orthogonal drawing. This, together with the reverse but easier technique of producing an orthogonal drawing from a pictorial view, is the foundation on which can be built the ability to produce lucid freehand sketches or formal drawings.
Relating craft studies for MECP
Authors: LEPPITT E.R.
Published: February 2008

The emphasis throughout this series of articles has been on drawing comprehension, rather than on drawing production, it being felt that this is the logical order of priority for the majority of students in technical education. This most certainly is the case for those following the Mechanical Engineering Craft Practice Course, 193. Whilst there is no requirement for the ability to produce a formal drawing, the student is required to produce sketches, but little or no attention appears to be paid to the ‘reading’ and comprehension of a drawing.
Implementing the Act … progress report 3
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

In his third article in this series, John Wellens describes the progress made so far in creating a training system for the construction industry as a whole
Silent concepts of sound film
Authors: COOK S.J.
Published: February 2008

To the experienced teacher of any subject, the question of lesson preparation is centred around the doctrine of:
Engineering drawing and the electrical fitter
Authors: LOUKES H.
Published: February 2008

Last month's article dealt with the place of Engineering Drawing in the syllabus of the Mechanical Engineering Craft Practice Course (CGLI 193), and it is the intention this month to discuss the same subject with particular reference to one of the more specialised craft courses, that of the Electrical Fitter (CGLI 58).
Personnel management for technical colleges
Authors: ARMSTRONG BERNARD
Published: February 2008

Technical colleges are expected to be in the van of technological knowledge and methods and to have the most up‐to‐date equipment their finances will allow. This is how they would wish others to see them and how they would wish to see themselves. They do not seem to give anything like the same consideration to the other side — their own organisation, administrative procedures and other management matters — and this seems to be particularly true of the personnel aspects of management.
The 1964 Bede College AMP
Authors: LISTER C.N.
Published: February 2008

Towards the end of June of last year I was one of sixty men who arrived at Bede College, Durham, on a Saturday evening with a feeling of great anticipation and curiosity. What would the Advanced Management Programme be and what, if anything, would it do to improve our knowledge and ability for industry and commerce?
A wind tunnel for teaching purposes
Authors: Jackson G.
Published: February 2008

The more fundamental approach to the teaching of Mechanics of Fluids that has become current in recent years has brought an important change in the content of the associated laboratory work. It has become usual to include, for civil and mechanical as well as for aeronautical students, studies of the flow of air as well as that of water.
Training Advisers in the foundry industry
Authors: CAVE B.J.
Published: February 2008

Like most of the organisations set up as a result of the Industrial Training Act, the Joint Committee for Training in the Foundry Industry (FJC) is faced with the problems of recruiting new staff. The FJC was set up in March by the Engineering and Iron and Steel Industry Training Boards, who delegated to it all training functions in Section 2 of the Industrial Training Act 1964. The Committee inherited only a small number of experienced training staff at its headquarters and in the provinces. Though the quality of policy planning and organisation are of the utmost importance, it would be by the men who represented the FJC in the field that companies would tend to judge the service. As a first step it was therefore decided to look for a nucleus of Training Advisers (TAs), who were to be stationed in areas of high foundry concentration. Ten TAs were selected from over 200 applicants, though we set out to find fifteen.
Efficiency in reading
Authors: WAINWRIGHT G.R.
Published: February 2008

ITA and a number of other experiments currently being carried out in primary schools are evidence of the widespread concern with discovering more effective methods of teaching children how to read. The same concern does not, however, appear to be felt with regard to the problems of enabling young people and adults to increase their efficiency in reading. We appear to assume that once children can read, then the work in English lessons in the secondary schools is sufficient to make them fast, accurate and critical readers by the time they leave at the age of 15 or 16. Relatively little work has been done in this country on developing effective reading efficiency courses for college students and adults.
Teaching the ‘feel’ … at Michelin
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

An army sergeant was asked what method he used to teach his recruits. His answer was, ‘First I tell 'em what I'm going to tell 'em, then I tell 'em, then I tell 'em what I've told 'em’. In its more customary form of ‘preparation, exposition, recapitulation and summary’, this sequence illustrates the most widespread instructional technique of all. Like all the currently used, rather backward instructional techniques, it involves an awful lot of telling.
A survey of language laboratory types
Authors: BEAUMONT A.J.
Published: February 2008

Any attempt to survey the language laboratory field is bound to overlap the excellent three‐part article by Mr H. Friedmann 18 months ago. The justification for doing so is the development that has taken place, particularly in relation to miniature and unit laboratories, and the fact that this article is concerned with equipment available, and only indirectly with teaching requirements.
‘The head of department and his work’ — a rejoinder
Authors: ARMSTRONG BERNARD
Published: February 2008

Dr Brosan's article is to be welcomed on three grounds: it is in itself interesting and illuminating; the subject is of very great importance; and management and organisational matters relating to technical colleges are of the greatest importance at the present time.
Critical Path Network Analysis of a course
Authors: WYANT T.G.
Published: February 2008

Although all teachers prepare a scheme of work which should show a progression through the contents of their particular subject syllabus, one seldom hears of teachers co‐operating to produce a concerted plan that dovetails all the teaching schemes into a fully integrated course pattern.
Part 2 — The Hilton combustion demonstration unit
Authors: Horsley M.E.
Published: February 2008

The first part of this article described the unit and suggested likely fields of use. This second and concluding part describes a few simple experiments performed to assess the unit's basic capabilities in the suggested fields of use because, if the apparatus was not able to cover elementary work, advanced projects would be impossible.
Incredible bilateralism
Authors: BROSAN G.S.
Published: February 2008

The bilateral system of higher education which the UK has had for many years has in the last few months acquired a new significance. The statements of the Secretary of State for Education and Science have been to the effect that a second, parallel and equal path towards higher education is to be opened up in the technical colleges. Under the aegis of the CNAA, certain colleges will provide courses leading to first and higher degrees, these degrees and the institutions providing them will have parity of esteem with the universities and they will remain in the second group to provide inspiration and leadership to others. In this way the creaming‐off of the best technical colleges into the university system will be stopped and the two systems can develop in harmony and parity side by side. (‘Equally distinguished but separate.’)
Experimentation in applied science courses … 1
Authors: PROBERT S.D. , MARSDEN J.P.
Published: February 2008

Applied physics and engineering are essentially experimental philosophies, and so an appreciation of techniques is fundamental to their understanding. However, academic tradition is biased so heavily in favour of pure thought that the experimentalist is usually regarded as intellectually inferior to, rather than complementary with, the theoretician. Even some engineering teachers contribute to this snobbery by pretending that they are pure scientists (so alleges Thring 1965). However, there is the converse opinion: frequently the required knowledge does not exist when the technologist has to make a decision, and so in some respects he feels superior to the pure scientist.
Ready, Steady, Go¡
Authors: BRISTOW ADRIAN
Published: February 2008

Traditionally, physical education has no place in technical education. Until recently it was quite disregarded and there are still thousands of teachers in FE (of all persuasions) who fail to see what purpose it serves and what relevance it has to the needs of their students. Its only value in their eyes is that, like English and Social Studies, it breaks up the poleaxing slabs of work that form the part‐time students' day. This prejudice is widely held in industry by all except the most enlightened. Industry's view is refreshingly direct. If they are paying for a lad to continue his studies and make himself more useful to them, then PE is an irrelevance. It used to be the same with English, of course.
Problems of construction block release
Authors: SINNOTT W.R.
Published: February 2008

When the examining bodies decided to examine candidates for the Construction Technicians' Certificate by papers covering Construction and Related Subjects together, they raised many problems for the colleges. If the new course was to be implemented in the spirit intended, and provide a real alternative to the National Certificate, then it was necessary to teach the science and mathematics as they arose from the Construction Technology rather than in separate classes. The difficulties of this were heightened when a block release course for Construction Technicians was contemplated.
Engineering Drawing reading exercises
Authors: R.THOMSON Ph.D.
Published: February 2008

Engineering Drawing is a technical subject, which suggests that it is one of mechanical skill in making a working drawing with the aid of instruments, i.e. draughting. When one reflects, however, that few students who complete some Engineering Drawing courses will ever again make another drawing, one wonders whether it would not be better to put the main emphasis on reading drawings, rather than on making them.
Stop it, you're hurting!
Authors: BRISTOW ADRIAN
Published: February 2008

Slyme Green College of Further Education stands to the north of the town on the edge of a vast new trading estate. A glistening block of glass and concrete, it was opened a little over two years ago by Alderman Joseph Soap, Mayor of Slyme Green and Chairman of Governors. You follow a trail of litter up the drive, past the savaged saplings to the pool in the forecourt, a feature full of orange peel and little bits of stick. In the middle on a stained slab of slate stands a thing in metal, symbolising the Ministry giving birth to Technical Education. And very painful, too. This caused a furore locally, was featured in ‘Panorama’, and nearly cost the Labour Party four seats in the borough elections. (Soap, Chairman of the Education Committee: ‘I was never consulted’.)
Teaching Economics in the technical college
Authors: NEAL K.W.
Published: February 2008

The interest and value that Economics can have is considerably enhanced in the case of most students in further education by their recent entry into the world of work, and into the concern of that world with such matters as buying and spending, budgeting and saving, piece‐rates and time‐rates, and strikes, redundancy, and unemployment. On the other hand, the mental calibre of many of these students is low, while Economics is not a particularly easy subject to study. Again, a lecturer often has to teach Economics at many different levels, perhaps ranging from a discussion group in Liberal Studies in a craft course at one extreme, to Finals B.Sc.(Econ.) at the other. The present article is concerned mainly with the lower levels of classes.
Law in a liberal studies scheme
Authors: TYAS J.G.M.
Published: February 2008

There must be a considerable number of colleges in which law teachers, whose primary function is to teach in professional courses, also make a contribution to the liberal studies programme. There may even be a very few law teachers who teach liberal studies as their main or only activity.
DESIGNED FOR TEACHING
Authors: Horsley M.E.
Published: February 2008

In a recent article some simple combustion experiments performed on a Hilton Combustion Unit were described (see p 419, September 1965 issue). Since then the manufacturers have been persuaded to fit a combination burner (able to burn liquid and/or gaseous fuels) as standard in future units.
Education and the working of democracy
Authors: SILVER HAROLD
Published: February 2008

The first of two articles discussing inadequacies in the structure and government of education. This article deals with some assumptions made about democracy and with the growth of the system. The second article will discuss the role of teachers, governing bodies and education authorities, and put forward proposals for renovating the structure of the government of education.
Promoting innovation — the role of the industrial liaison service
Authors: Arnfield R.V.
Published: February 2008

Furtherance of technological progress is seriously hampered by restricted communication between research establishments and industry. In order to deal with the current ‘information explosion’, the then DSIR set up an industrial liaison service in 1957. Mr Arnfield demonstrates the working of the service, and the role of the industrial liaison officer, while posing vital questions on the future expansion of this scheme.
The Wool Board gets weaving
Authors: Allsop Kathleen M.
Published: February 2008

In her first article on the activities of the Wool ITB, Miss Allsop outlines the progress made so far in an industry less disciplined than the engineering giants. The organizational structure is explained and local difficulties pointed. Next month the author will investigate in depth the methods the Wool ITB uses to raise the standards of training.
A new voice for further education
Authors: Leese John
Published: February 2008

The Industrial Training Act, the Central Training Council and fourteen existing Industrial Training Boards, with many more to follow, are providing the industrial training service with powerful national machinery, backed by enormous funds from the levy on employers. These national organizations naturally look for some corresponding body to speak for further education. The educational authorities have so far failed to face up to the need for such machinery and in the meantime a number of existing bodies are doing their best to fill the vacuum. The Department of Education and Science and local authorities should end the growing confusion.
Catering training
Authors: Finch Ian
Published: February 2008

Mr Finch reviews the present position of catering in the UK, in respect of its training facilities and the new developments occurring. He points the idiocy of comparisons between catering and engineering, and ends with a plea that as a nation we should begin to pay for that which is good, rather than eat bad food on the cheap.
Technical colleges and local authorities
Authors: Farralon W.A.
Published: February 2008

Some years ago, the Education Committee of a City Council sat deliberating its agenda. One item concerned the decision to increase the average size of classes in schools — although teachers were available‐so that the rates could be reduced. The matter was disposed of in one minute. The next 40 minutes were spent in debating the decision of a headmistress about a pupil's duffel coat.
Designed for teaching
Authors: Ireland J.W.
Published: February 2008

The two‐dimensional flow of a fluid may be shown in several ways and the method used will depend upon whether it is desired to show this for the ideal (non‐viscous) or real or viscous fluid. This article is concerned with one method of demonstrating the two‐dimensional flow of a real fluid, namely water, around solid bodies of various shapes.
Technology and the secondary school
Authors: Hutchings Donald
Published: February 2008

Robert Bell, a 17‐year‐old sixthformer at The Park School, Swindon, showed me his hovercraft — or, rather, what was left of it after its first trial. “One expert said it wouldn't work,” Robert told me. “Well, it did — there was a definite lift.” He explained how he had built his machine with wood from a cupboard door, a skirt made from a tyre inner tube, and an old vacuum cleaner motor. Unfortunately, during the trial insufficient clearance for the fan had resulted in six of its vanes snapping off. But Robert was undeterred. “It's just a case of making a new fan, which I hope to do next Tuesday,” he said.
‘Mister Vice’
Authors: Bristow Adrian
Published: February 2008

I find the role of the vice‐principal in local colleges a fascinating one. It obsesses me. Why this should be I do not know. My college will probably never have one (unless the ATTI insist on one being appointed as a condition of our doing Industrial Training) and I have never been one or served under one. So in considering his position in the organization structure, I set out in a spirit of friendly enquiry, uncluttered by experience or knowledge.
A new approach to mathematics in technical education
Authors: Bruckheimer M. , Gowar N.W.
Published: February 2008

Much important work is being done in schools in the reform of mathematical education. This involves not only the introduction of new topics, but the approach to what and how to teach. As far as we can tell from the relative isolation of one establishment, very little is being done on these lines in the colleges of technology and the technological universities. Indeed, to judge by recent textbooks, nothing is being done at all. There is no doubt that, unless some serious rethinking takes place about syllabuses and the general approach, not only will the advantages of the modern schooling be lost, but the future student is likely to be baffled by the relative sterility of the traditional approach to mathematics.
The use of computers in metallurgical education
Authors: Aston J.L.
Published: February 2008

The function of a digital computer is to carry out simple arithmetical operations at very high speed and with high accuracy, ie to eight or more significant figures. Before the computer can do this it must be given precise instructions, ie programmed. The situation is similar to that of giving instruction to the human operator of an electric calculating machine with the added advantage that the computer makes mistakes only very rarely. In addition, once the instructions have been written out, they can be given again and again to the computer as often as may be necessary without further effort by the programmer.
Productivity in further education
Authors: Bailey R.
Published: February 2008

The exhortations made to industry for increased productivity to facilitate national recovery or survival come at regular intervals of time, their rhythm increasing with the severity of our national plight. In recent months, the economic screws have been turned yet again, but whereas in the past those involved in education held themselves aloof from the general call to increase efficiency, it now seems that this has become part of the conditions of all wage or salary negotiations. We in the profession, then, are perhaps faced with the necessity for a new and critical self‐analysis and a re‐evaluation of the standards and conditions of service which have for so long been accepted as the norm in our technical college and university life.
COMMENT
Authors: Arnold Benedict
Published: February 2008

The provision of facilities for sport and recreation cannot be a primary factor in the discussion of educational policies and plans. But this provision is an essential part of an educational service and is of great importance to students. For many young people the sporting reputation of a college and the availability of sporting facilities are significant in assessing and selecting an institution of higher education. Who can deny the cachet of St Lukes and Loughborough? Some attention to this question is necessary in improving the image of the ‘other institutions’ of higher education and the government may find that a modest investment and interest will yield good political returns.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Authors: Hanson C. , Ingham J.
Published: February 2008

Whilst existing as a separate country only from the dissolution of the Austro‐Hungarian Empire after the First World War, Czechoslovakia has a long tradition of culture and industry. However, its geographical position has brought involvement in most European conflicts, each of which have had their impact on the development of the region. By far the most serious were the combined effects of the second world war and the subsequent Communist revolution.
Team teaching in further education 4
Authors: Mansell Jack
Published: February 2008

A concept of teaching organization in which two or more teachers are given the collective responsibility for the teaching of a group of students assigned to them.
A careers guidance programme
Authors: Ahier V.
Published: February 2008

When considering what information is available to school‐leavers regarding their further education and employment, a most important link in the chain is the Youth Employment Service, run by the local education authority. Here, Mr Ahier outlines the careers guidance programme in use in Southampton and places emphasis on the advisory capacity of the YEO.
In‐service training
Authors: Bailey D.
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this article is to outline a scheme for staff development which it is hoped will make some contribution to improving the effectiveness of teaching and also to providing a recognized programme of staff development for the future benefit of both the college and the individual member of staff. Mr Bailey is Principal of Dudley Technical College.
BBC 1 tv from origin to finished programme
Authors: Taylor Nat
Published: February 2008

For some time now the BBC‐tv Further Education Department has been producing series of programmes on engineering subjects for different types of audience, ranging from general adult audiences, with no prior knowledge of technology, to particular groups of professional engineers. The series Clean Cut, for example, showed new techniques in cutting metal to the men who would decide that these might be what they needed in their factory. But it was felt that although these programmes were warmly welcomed by their intended audiences, more could be done in the field of industrial training. In particular, the Engineering Industry Training Board had just published their new scheme for the first‐year training of engineering craftsmen and technicians and this seemed to be a field where the screen could provide a useful supplement to workshop or lecture room instruction. Given that this was an area where the BBC could provide helpful additional material, how could this best be done? It was at this stage that I was given the job of preparing and producing such a series, and the first thing I did was, of course, to go to the EITB and City and Guilds for comments and advice. They, if I can refer to them corporately, emphasized the desirability of integration in craft training and suggested various colleges and training centres where I could see their principles being put into practice. Here it became evident how difficult the concept of integration could be.