bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UpToDate versus DynaMed: a cross-sectional study comparing the speed and accuracy of two point-of-care information tools
Authors: Bradley-Ridout Glyneva , Nekolaichuk Erica , Jamieson Trevor , Jones Claire , Morson Natalie , Chuang Rita , Springall Elena
Published: October 2021

Objective: To compare the accuracy, time to answer, user confidence, and user satisfaction between UpToDate and DynaMed (formerly DynaMed Plus), which are two popular point-of-care information tools.Methods: A crossover study was conducted with medical residents in obstetrics and gynecology and family medicine at the University of Toronto in order to compare the speed and accuracy with which they retrieved answers to clinical questions using UpToDate and DynaMed. Experiments took place between February 2017 and December 2019. Following a short tutorial on how to use each tool and completion of a background survey, participants attempted to find answers to two clinical questions in each tool. Time to answer each question, the chosen answer, confidence score, and satisfaction score were recorded for each clinical question.Results: A total of 57 residents took part in the experiment, including 32 from family medicine and 25 from obstetrics and gynecology. Accuracy in clinical answers was equal between UpToDate (average 1.35 out of 2) and DynaMed (average 1.36 out of 2). However, time to answer was 2.5 minutes faster in UpToDate compared to DynaMed. Participants were also more confident and satisfied with their answers in UpToDate compared to DynaMed.Conclusions: Despite a preference for UpToDate and a higher confidence in responses, the accuracy of clinical answers in UpToDate was equal to those in DynaMed. Previous exposure to UpToDate likely played a major role in participants’ preferences. More research in this area is recommended.
LGBTQ Health Research: Theory, Methods, Practice
Authors: Hickner Andy
Published: October 2021

Book Review
EndNote 20 desktop version
Authors: Gotschall Terri
Published: October 2021

N/A
Striving for equity: An update from the Journal of the Medical Library Association
Authors: Akers Katherine G. , Aaronson Ellen M. , Amos Kathleen , Bartley Kelsa , Carroll Alexander J. , Chambers Thane , Cyrus John W. , Eldermire Erin R. B. , Linares Brenda , Murphy Beverly , Norton Melanie J. , Pionke JJ , Reyes Amy
Published: October 2021

In 2020, the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) launched an initiative aimed at providing more equitable opportunities for authors, reviewers, and editorial team members. This editorial provides an update on the steps we have taken thus far to empower authors, increase the diversity of our editorial team, and make equity-minded recommendations to the Medical Library Association.
CRediT for authors of articles published in the Journal of the Medical Library Association
Authors: Alpi Kristine M. , Akers Katherine G.
Published: October 2021

To help ensure that authors of articles published in the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) receive appropriate recognition for their contributions and to make individual author roles more transparent to readers, JMLA articles will begin including Author Contribution statements using the Contributor Role Taxonomy.
Some Facts and Conjectures about Mandelbrot Polynomials
Authors: Calkin Neil , Chan Eunice , Corless Robert
Published: October 2021

We show here some facts about the Mandelbrot iterates $z_k(c)$ where $z_0(c)=0$ and $z_{n+1}(c) = z_n^2(c) + c$, which are polynomials in $c$. Some of the facts have proofs, and some other ``"``facts" only have experimental evidence but no proof. We invite you to try your hand at filling in the gaps.
How to use Fibonacci numbers to teach recursive programming
Authors: Gerhard Jürgen
Published: October 2021

There are too many examples and programming guides (which, e.g., an internet search for "recursive procedure Fibonacci" will turn up) to count that use Fibonacci numbers as an example to illustrate recursive programming. The motivation for this article is to show why the naive way of doing this is a bad idea, as it is horrendously inefficient. We will exhibit much more efficient ways of computing Fibonacci numbers, both iterative and recursive, and analyze and compare worst case running times and memory usages. Using some mathematical properties of Fibonacci numbers leads to the most efficient method for their computation. For illustration and benchmarking, we will use Maple and its programming language, however, similar behaviour can be demonstrated in almost any other programming language. This exposition combines and explores the mathematical properties of Fibonacci numbers, notions of algorithmic complexity, and efficient Maple programming and profiling techniques, and may be used as an introduction to any of these three subjects. The techniques described can be readily generalized to more general types of linear recurrences with constant coefficients.
Las Leyes de Burgos de 1512: una falacia de los Derechos Humanos. Revisión historiográfica
Authors: Sánchez-Arcilla Bernal José
Published: October 2021

En los últimos años se ha extendido la idea de relacionar las Ordenanzas antiguas para los indios ―más conocidas como Leyes de Burgos de 1512― con los orígenes de la categoría jurídica actual denominada «Derechos Humanos». En el presente estudio se hace una revisión historiográfica de todo lo publicado acerca de las mencionadas “Leyes” para llegar a la conclusión de que cualquier intento de conexión de las Leyes de Burgos con los Derechos Humanos se reduce a una simple falacia
La justicia y la legislación castellana ante la ruptura de promesa de matrimonio y el reconocimiento de paternidad: análisis de casos en la España meridional del Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Tovar Pulido Raquel
Published: October 2021

Analizamos la ruptura de la promesa de matrimonio y las relaciones ilícitas en la época moderna a través del estudio de la legislación castellana. Además, los protocolos notariales conservados en el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Jaén (Andalucía), correspondientes al siglo XVIII, nos han permitido rescatar varios testimonios de la denuncia por parte de mujeres solteras a hombres que habían incumplido la palabra de casamiento dada. Por un lado, las causas vinculadas a relaciones extraconyugales ilustran la condena moral que sufrían las mujeres de la época, una vez que habían perdido la honra, así como las dificultades con las que se encontraban para concertar un nuevo matrimonio, salvo que se les proporcionara una dote. Por otro lado, la lucha por el reconocimiento de paternidad da buena cuenta de la reivindicación de los derechos de sus hijos ilegítimos.
La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo y su papel en los delitos contra los sentimientos religiosos. Parte I (1870-1928)
Authors: Duñaiturria Laguarda Alicia
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo se centra en el análisis de las sentencias pronunciadas por el Tribunal Supremo en materia de delitos contra los sentimientos religiosos, especialmente el escarnio, durante la vigencia del Código Penal de 1870. Con sus sentencias, el Alto Tribunal fue rellenando lagunas y perfilando conceptos, contribuyendo de esta forma a completar el Derecho.
Catálogo de procesos criminales del Corregimiento de Úbeda (1582-1842)
Authors: Porras Arboledas Pedro Andrés
Published: October 2021

El fondo judicial del Archivo Histórico Municipal de Úbeda conserva un total de 400 procesos y expedientes criminales de los tres siglos modernos y de los comienzos del siglo XIX, lo que supone una parte pequeña del total de causas que debieron pasar por las manos del corregidor de la ciudad o de su alcalde mayor. Estudiados en un trabajo anterior los delitos de injurias, que representan el 38,75% del total de los conservados, corresponde ahora pasar revista al resto de los procesos, entre los que sobresalen las causas por homicidio (48) o por hurto/robo (72). En nota a pie de página se expone un resumen de cada causa.
Construcción y validación del cuestionario para la medición del compromiso hacia la atención a la diversidad en la Formación Profesional Básica (COMAD).
Authors: Aramendi Jauregi Pedro , Etxeberria Murgiondo Juan
Published: October 2021

Introducción. El alumnado de la Formación Profesional Básica (FPB) se caracteriza por tener necesidades formativas que transcienden el ámbito educativo. En muchos casos son jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión educativa y social. Para atender adecuadamente al alumnado es deseable una actitud positiva del profesorado hacia la atención a la diversidad (AD). Realizada una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, se constata que no existe un cuestionario que lleve a cabo una medición del compromiso del profesorado hacia la AD en esta etapa educativa. El objetivo de este artículo es diseñar y validar un cuestionario que permita medir dicho compromiso y las dimensiones principales que constituyen el mismo. Método. Este cuestionario cubre una necesidad manifiesta, valorando 4 dimensiones y 19 indicadores clave que posibilitan la medición del compromiso del profesorado para dar respuesta a la heterogeneidad del alumnado y a sus posibles carencias y, en consecuencia, incidir en la mejora del éxito educativo de los estudiantes de FPB. Tras recoger información de 218 profesores/as (el 53.69% del total del profesorado de FPB del País Vasco), y analizados los datos siguiendo el esquema de la Teoría Clásica de los Test y el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, los resultados señalan que COMAD es un instrumento válido y fiable para lograr este propósito. Así mismo, se señala que las dimensiones fundamentales que ayudan a mejorar este constructo son las siguientes: la valoración del trabajo cooperativo en el aula, la interacción con los diversos agentes educativos y sociales, la valoración de la tarea profesional, el apoyo de los compañeros/as, la coordinación del centro y, por último, los recursos escolares individualizados de AD. Discusión. Se apela a la Administración educativa vasca a que capacite al profesorado de FPB en la AD.
Aproximación a la acción educativa española en Marruecos. Valoración de estudiantes y docentes
Authors: Dapía Conde María Dolores , Braña Rey Fátima
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Los centros de titularidad española, donde se imparten las enseñanzas regladas del sistema educativo español, son una de las acciones que el gobierno español desarrolla en el exterior, con mayor presencia en Marruecos.
Método: se ha optado por un diseño observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, con enfoque mixto. Los datos se han recogido administrando un cuestionario a 267 estudiantes de bachiller y entrevistando a cuatro docentes destinados en Marruecos.
Resultados: El perfil del alumnado que estudia en estos centros responde a un/a joven de nacionalidad marroquí, que procede de un centro educativo español, de religión musulmana, que habla diferentes lenguas y de clase social media o media-alta.
La valoración de los centros y las enseñanzas recibidas que expresan los estudiantes es aceptable. Destacan como aspectos más positivos la exigencia e interés de los estudios, la aproximación a la cultura española y las oportunidades de éxito. No obstante, consideran que no hay una integración real de la entre los elementos culturales españoles y marroquís, y que la metodología docente es poco activa y variada.
El profesorado destaca de los estudiantes su dominio de las lenguas y en particular del español, su alta motivación y valoración de la educación. Valoran muy positivamente la implicación de las familias y perciben que tanto estudiantes como familias ven en estos centros una opción de promoción sociolaboral, que les facilita salir de su país.
Discusión/Conclusiones: la valoración de los centros y las enseñanzas recibidas que expresan los estudiantes es aceptable. Los datos sobre la acción docente de este trabajo concuerdan con la existencia en Marruecos de dos sistemas educativos que reproducen las desigualdades sociales.
Educar la inteligencia sensible. Guía para padres de hijos con alta sensibilidad
Authors: Pedrosa Leticia Porto
Published: October 2021

Reseña de libro publicado por la editorial EUNSA, Universidad de Navarra.
Vegaviana, a colonization village: the rural “naturalness and simplicity” of modern Spanish heritage
Authors: Alonso Inmaculada Bote , Pozas Beatriz Montalbán
Published: October 2021

The Instituto Nacional de Colonización built a series of villages all over Spain to support farmers who were working on the newly established irrigated lands. Vegaviana, which was projected by the architect José Luis Fernández del Amo, stands out among the almost 300 villages that were constructed, becoming a referent for INC colonization and also in modern Spanish architecture. Firstly, a brief contextual review is presented. Secondly, the emphasis is put on Vegaviana, and its presence in international contexts is analyzed, highlighting its outstanding low-cost design with local materials. This essay ends with a review from the current perspective.
President Alemán Urban Housing Project
Authors: Noelle Louise
Published: October 2021

The Centro Urbano Presidente Alemán, inaugurated in 1949, was a pioneer in more ways than one and can be considered as one of the most transcendent works of Mario Pani. It is the first Mexican high-rise housing complex, where many of the ideals of the European masters, especially Le Corbusier, are gathered together but with a design suited to its place and time. Mario Pani shattered the scheme of the single unit dwelling and proposed a density that allowed the presence of garden areas and integrated diverse services. Moreover, he invited the artist José Clemente Orozco to paint a mural, which he commenced on an undulating wall designed by him.
Conservation by consensus: heritage management in large housing estates
Authors: Allan John
Published: October 2021

This study considers the role of management guidelines in regulating the pressures for change in large housing estates where heritage constraints are involved but where the use of formal enforcement procedures would be unrealistic and uneconomical. The author’s experience in creating such documents indicates the importance of cultivating a sustainable consensus among stakeholders that balances respect for and understanding of architectural and historic significance with a realistic acceptance of the need for change. The author suggests that the success of such instruments depends upon three crucial attributes – fairness, usability and resilience. The examples, all in London, include the Barbican, Golden Lane and Brownfield.
The right to comfort in the century of the self
Authors: Ferreira Zara
Published: October 2021

After the war, the world was divided between two main powers, a Western capitalist bloc led by the USA, and an Eastern communist bloc, driven by the USSR. From Japan to Mexico, the post-war years were ones of prosperous economic growth and profound social transformation. It was the time of re-housing families split apart and of rebuilding destroyed cities, but it was also the time of democratic rebirth, the definition of individual and collective freedoms and rights, and of belief in the open society envisaged by Karl Popper. Simultaneously, it was the time of the biggest migrations from the countryside, revealing a large faith in the city, and of baby booms, revealing a new hope in humanity. (...) Whether through welfare state systems, as mainly evidenced in Western Europe, under the prospects launched by the Plan Marshall (1947), or through the establishment of local housing authorities funded or semi-funded by the government, or through the support of private companies, civil organizations or associations, the time had come for the large-scale application of the principles of modern architecture and engineering developed before the war. From the Spanish polígonos residenciales to the German großsiedlungen, ambitious housing programs were established in order to improve the citizens’ living conditions and health standards, as an answer to the housing shortage, and as a symbol of a new egalitarian society: comfort would no longer only be found in bourgeois houses.
Housing for the greatest number
Authors: Tostões Ana
Published: October 2021

Addressing a broader vision, entitled “Housing for All”, this issue is dedicated to the welfare era, when governments across the world established ambitious housing programs to provide housing for the greatest number and improve the citizens’ living conditions, as a symbol of a modern and democratic society. This bold course of action involved radical changes in the built environment, through new approaches to architectural design and experiments in the use of materials and techniques, the creation of space, and social transformation. Nowadays, understanding how to deal with this legacy presents a major challenge, in a continuously changing context, from the technical obsolescence of buildings that no longer meet today’s demanding standards, or fast-moving sociocultural, political and economic values. The aim of this docomomo Journal 65 is to outline how these vast cultural and political ambitions were materialized in various countries, and to analyze the contemporary challenges they face. More than five decades later, are these buildings and neighborhoods resilient or obsolete? In addition to the changes that postmodern society has brought in ways of living, issues such as the demand for spatial and functional transformation, and the updating of regulations on fire, seismic stability, user safety and energy efficiency, are now part of the contemporary agenda. How can these sites be kept alive while satisfying sustainability and contemporary ideas of comfort?
Torres Blancas: a Vertical Garden City
Authors: Sanz Alberto
Published: October 2021

Torres Blancas, the building designed by Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oíza for the Huarte company, was built between 1964 and 1972. Its powerful sculptural form, the expressive use of bare concrete and its experimental nature make it an iconic example of Madrid’s architecture. Proposed as a vertical city with an organic emphasis, Torres Blancas is not the usual stack of flats, but a residential complex of independent housing units with garden terraces and the amenities of a small community. This building thus combines Le Corbusier’s unités d’habitation and Frank Lloyd Wright’s towers.
The survival and resurrection of a “Bakema-experiment” in an Amsterdam garden city
Authors: Nagtegaal Tim
Published: October 2021

There is a hidden gem in the Amsterdam garden cities. Jaap Bakema was the founder of an experiment in the 1950s. A piece of “Rotterdam in Amsterdam.” Based on the philosophy of an open society and the human scale. Forty years after completion, there is a call for renewal. The architect’s heritage ends up on the demolition list. Due to the economic crisis, demolition has been postponed and there was time for reflection. The neighborhood seems to survive the test of time. The careful renewal proves to be a great success. This is a story about the resurrection of a Bakema experiment.
KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE & BEHAVIOR OF CHERAT COAL MINE WORKERS REGARDING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MEASURES IN NOWSHERA
Authors: MUHAMMAD ISHTIAQ  , RAB NAWAZ  , NOOR JAHAN  , GHULAM SARWAR KHAN  , BUSHRA IFTIKHAR
Published: October 2021

Background: Globally, mining is considered as one of the most hazardous occupation. Significant numbersof workers are killed or become disabled due to occupational injuries and diseases. Accidents and injuriesoccur because of unsafe behavior, poor and specific work knowledge and human errors. A cross-sectionalstudy of consecutive (non probability) sampling technique was carried out from October 2012 toApril 2013in which 252 coal mine workers of Shakot were assessed for Knowledge Attitude & Behavior safety ofoccupational health & safety measures in the Department of Community Medicine Khyber MedicalCollege, Peshawar. The majority of the miners were unaware of the occupational safety at coal mines.54.76% had poor, 30.16%, had average knowledge while only 15.08% had good knowledge of occupationalhealth & safety measures among coal miners. 43.65% coal mine workers has low safety attitude and 38.49%coal mine workers has un-safe behavior of occupational health & safety measures in coal mines.Keywords: Coal mining, Knowledge,Attitude, Behavior Safety, Occupational health & safety
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) USE AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS OF PESHAWAR DETERMINING ITS PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS.
Authors: HAMID HUSSAIN  , ZIA URREHMAN  , SALEHAAFRIDI  , SAADULLAH KHAN AFRIDI  , ZOHRA AMIN  , AISHA AKHTAR ALI  , NAEEMULLAH
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) by the general population andadmitted in hospitals has been on the increase. The study was carried to find out the prevalence of CAM useamong patients admitted in the tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. The investigators administered a structured questionnaire to 400patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Data were analyzed using statistical package forsocial sciences version 13.0.Results: It was found that 189/400 (47.25%) patients had used CAM. There was association betweenchronic diseases and CAM. The association between illiteracy and CAM use was significant. There seemedto be a preference for use of Hakimi medicine over other forms of CAM being studied i.e. homeopathic,herbal, nutritional supplements. Most of the patients turned to CAM use on advice from their friends andfamily. Hence peer pressure was an important factor in increasing CAM use.Conclusion: In conclusion, CAM use is prevalent in our in-hospital population, and its undisclosed use canhave important medical and peri-operativeImplications.Keywords: CAM Use, Patients, Tertiary Care Hospitals, Prevalence.
TO ACCESS THE SAFETY AND SUCCESS OF TRANSRADIAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: SHER BAHADAR KHAN  , ALAM ZEB  , TAJ MUHAMMAD KHAN  , KHURSHAID AHMAD  , NAZIA LIAQAT  , ADNAN MAHMOOD GUL  , MUHAMMAD HAFIZULLAH
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and success of transradial coronary angiography and angioplasty ina tertiary care hospital.METHODS: The feasibility and safety of routine transradial coronary angiography was assessedprospectively in 591 patients from March 2011 to March 2013 at Cath lab of cardiology department LadyReading Hospital Peshawar. All patients with normal Allen's test were included in study. Patients havingabnormal or modified Allen's test, on haemodialysis or had abnormal serum creatinine level were excludedfrom the study. If the rightradial approach was used in all cases. The main outcome measures were successrate and complications of transradial coronary angiography. The catheter selection was a 6FJL 3.5 for rightcoronary artery and 6FJR 4 catheter for left coronary artery. In 354(60 percent) cases, coronary angiographywas performed by using 6F JR4 for both coronary arteries.RESULTS: The mean age was 55 ±10.08 years with 437 (74%) males and 154 (26%) females.A total of 591coronary angiographies were perform though trans-radial route in the study period. Overall proceduresuccess rate was 95%(561 patients) for transradial coronary angiography, with mean procedure time of21.25 ± 5.25 minutes ,mean fluoroscopy time of 6 ± 3.15 minutes, and 90% of patients were discharged onthe same day. Only 2 patients had mild forearm haematoma, pain and spasm of radial artery occlusionoccurred in 20 (3.38%) study patients. Asymptomatic radial occlusion in 8(1.35%). The reason for failure oftransradial procedure included failed radial artery puncture (n=6), radial artery loop (n=2), tortuoussubclavian artery (n-3), failed catheterization of coronary arteries in 5 patients (2.53%) and severe radialartery spasm in 20(3.38%).CONCLUSION:Trans-radial artery cannulation is a safe and successful route for performance of coronaryprocedures.It can be used as an acceptable alternate to transfemoral.
FREQUENCY OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION IN MESH REPAIR FOR INGUINAL HERNIA
Authors: MUHAMMAD KHAN  , MUNIR AHMAD  , MUHAMMAD HUSSAIN  , MUHMMAD UZAIR
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Hyperbilirubinemia is the mo$t common cause of neonatal jaundice. Severe neonatalhyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus continue to be reported worldwide in otherwise healthy term infants.We conducted this study to estimate the incidence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and to determineunderlying causes, improved knowledge of which would be valuable to help identify strategies for riskreduction.METHODS: 100 infants of both sexes, of the age between 1-28 days, with no infection and Rhincompatibility were included in the study. The activity of G6PD was determined by a dye-reductionmethod screening test devised by Sigma Diagnostics USA. Complete blood counts (CBC) with reticulocytecount, serum bilirubin (total and indirect) were performed and the results were recorded for further analyses.RESULTS: Out of the total 100 subjects, classified in two groups on the basis of presence of jaundice, 14(14%) were G6PD deficient. The frequency of G6PD deficiency was markedly prominent, in neonates withjaundice.DISCUSSION: G6PD deficiency is one of the major causes of jaundice in neonates. The study area alsohave a considerable number of G6PD deficient individuals. This indicates a need for a more thoroughassessment of newborn infants and consideration of strategies to identify at-risk newborns, such as predischarge measurement of serum bilirubin levels and G6PD deficiency screening.
OUTCOME OF SKIN ONLY TEMPORARY ABDOMINAL CLOSURE METHOD AND REPEATED PERITONEAL WASH IN PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY PERITONITIS
Authors: LIAQAT ALI SHAH  , MUNIR AHMAD  , ASHFAQ UR REHMAN  , TARIQ SOHAIL  , NADIM KHAN  , MUZAFAR UDDIN SADIQ
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of skin only temporary abdominal wall closure and repeatedperitoneal wash therapy in the management of secondary peritonitis in terms of fascial closure and mortality.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective descriptive study was conducted on 80 patients withsecondary peritonitis, selected by convenience non probability sampling technique after fulfilling theinclusion and exclusion criteria, in emergency surgical department of Govt PGMI Lady Reading HospitalPeshawar from January 2011 to July 2012. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinicalexamination, heamatological and radiological investigations , operated in casualty and skin onlytemporary abdominal closure method was applied with prolene 2/0 and planned re-laparotomy was carriedout after 24 hours. Further re-laparotomies were decided by the operating surgeon till proper fascial closure.The impact of skin only closure and number of operations were analyzed postoperatively in terms of fascialclosure and mortality. The demographic and clinical ( intraoperative and postoperative ) data of the allpatients such as name, age, gender, duration of hospital stay, indication and number of operations wererecorded in a proforma.The data was analyzed with SPSS version 16. Frequency and percentages werecomputed for categorical variables such as gender and number of operations, fascial closure and mortalitywhile numerical variables such as age, hospital stay was presented with Mean ± SD.RESULTS: A total of 80 patients were included in the study and out of which 55 (68.8%) were male and 25(31.2% ) female with male to female ratio of 2.2:1 . The age of patients ranged from 18 to 65 years. The meanage was 37.83 ±1.194. The ranged of re-operations were 1 to 4 with mean 2.06± 0.785. The ranged ofhospital stay was 9- 50 days with mean 21± 7.719.The fascial closure was 82.5% and mortality was 13.8%.CONCLUSION: Peritoneal wash is life saving procedure in the treatment of secondary peritonitis and skinonly temporary abdominal closure is easy, quick and fascial preserving procedure. Both techniques shouldbe encouraged in secondary peritonitiscases.KEYWORDS:Peritonitis, Re-Laparatomy,Skin Closure.
FREQUENCY OF COMPLICATIONS IN CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: MAHID IQBAL  , ADNAN  , IHSANULLAH  , SHARAFAT  , MAQBOL UR REHMAN  , GULSHAN HUSSAIN
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of complications in patients suffering from chronic suppurativeotitis media (CSOM).METHODS: This study was done in Saidu Sharif Teaching Hospital from 1 st March 2010 to 30thJune 2013.In this prospective studies 53 patients ofChronic suppurative otitis media were selected.RESULTS: In our study 31(58.4%) male and 22 (41.5%) were female. Age distribution was from 1 to 10years 11(20.7%), 11 to 20 years 25(47.1%), 21 to 30 years 13(24.5%), 30 to 40 years 04(7.54%). Out of 53patients 28 (52.8%) presented with different complications. Mastoid abscess 10 (18.8 %), Facial nerveparalysis 05 (9.43%), Meningitis 03 (5.66%), Bezold abscess 02 (3.77%), Brain abscess 02 (3.77%), %),Lateral sinus thrombo phlebitis 02 (3.77%), Labrynthitis 02 (3.77%), Ototic hydrocephalus 01(1.88Sigmoid sinus thrombo phlbitis 01 (1.88%).CONCLUSION: Early recognition and treatment of CSOM can reduce the number of cases and complications of the disease.KEYWORDS: CSOM, Complications
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF PLANT EXTRACT ON GASTRIC SECRETION
Authors: MUHAMMAD JAN  , RAHMAN SHAH
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of extracts from medicinal plantsAmmi Visnaga & Olea eurpea onVolume and acidity of stimulated gastric secretion in rabbits.METHODS: The present study was carried out in department ofPharmacology & therapeutics, Saidu Medical College Swat Pakistan between July 2008 to June 2009.Thirty rabbits weighing 1-1 ,5kg were included. They were divided in to groups A, B &C each having 10animals. After fasting for 48 hours, pylorus of each animal was ligated. To group A Carbachol, group Bextracts of Ammi visnaga and group C Olea europea followed by Carbachol after 15 minutes to groups B &C were administered intraperitoneally. After 4 hours, stomach was removed, volume was measured,contents centrifuged & estimation for acidity was done by method of titration. Data was subjected tostatistical analysis.RESULTS: In groups B & C, reduction in volume, free and total acidity of gastric juice was observed. Allthese reductions were found statistically highly significant when their means were compared with that ofgroupA(P <0.001).CONCLUSION: Extracts can be used effectively in the treatment of hyper acidity conditions and pepticulcer after evaluation of their effects in human being.KEYWORDS: Ammi Visnaga, Olea Europea, gastric acid secretion.
EFFECT OF ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER WHOLE LEAF EXTRACT ON HYPERGLYCEMIA AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN LOW DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS
Authors: MEENA GUL  , MUHAMMAD MAZHAR HUSSAIN  , AYESHA BABER  , AMJAD ZAMAN  , MUSRAT ZAHRA
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Managing diabetes is difficult due to the number of side effects associated with drugsused for its treatment. There it is a need of an hour to look for indigenous plants which are safe and costeffective. Present study was planned to determine the effect of Aloe vera whole leaf extract and/orRosiglitazone on plasma glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.DESIGN: Randomized control trailPLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: This study was conducted from April 2009 to Oct 2010 at theDepartment of Physiology Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Institute ofHealth (NIH) Islamabad.MATERIAL AND METHOD: Type 2 DM was induced in 60 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats by feedinghigh fat diet for 2 weeks and injecting a low dose (35mg/kg) of streptozotocin intra peritoneally. Type 2diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups, each group having 15 rats and were labeled as diabeticgroup, Aloe vera group, rosiglitazone group and combined group. The diabetic group was injected normalsaline, Aloe vera group was treated with Aloe vera whole leaf extract in dose of 300mg/kg body weight,rosiglitazone group was given 5mg/kg body weight of rosiglitazone I/P and combined group diabetic ratswere treated with 150mg/kg body weight of Aloevera extract and 2.5mg/kg body weight of rosiglitazone(halfof their effective dose) for 21 days.RESULTS: A significant reduction (p<0.001) in plasma glucose (73%), insulin (32%) and TG/HDL ratio(81%) was analyzed in combined groupascompared to diabetic control group. \CONCLUSION: The maximum impact in lowering plasma glucose, insulin and TG/HDL ratio wasrecorded in combined group, followed by rosiglitazone group and then Aloevera group.KEYWORDS:T2DM. Aloe vera, insulin resistance
COMPARISON OF DURATION OF LABOUR BETWEEN PRIMIGRAVIDAS WITH AND WITHOUT AMNIOTOMY
Authors: NAZIA LIAQAT  , SAADIAYASMEEN  , FARHAT NASIR  , REHANA RAHIM.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Amniotomy is a common and routine obstetrical procedure in many labour wards. It ismostly performed with the intention of accelerating the process of labour. The procedure is not risk free andthe results of various studies performed on the subject are diverse. The rationale of this study was to obtainconclusive evidence on the effect of amniotomy on the duration of labour and to establish protocols forlabour wards in the light of thatevidence.OBJECTIVES: To compare the duration of labour between primigravidas with and without amniotomy.METHODOLOGY: The total number of patients was 50 in each group; A and B who were subjected toamniotomy and no amniotomy respectively. Duration of First and Second stage of labour were noted andStudent T- test was applied to find the significance of difference in the duration of First and Second stages oflabour of the two groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.Results:: The mean ages of patients in Group A and B were 22.6+ 2.66 and 23± 2.03 years respectively (pvalue 0.647). The mean duration of gestation of Group A was 38.8+0.50 weeks and of Group B was 39.16 ±0.52 weeks (p value 0.0634). The duration of First Stage was 169+77 min in Group Aand 205+105 minutesin Group B (p value 0.2877). The Second stage duration was 78.6+45 in Group A and 72 ±32 minutes inGroup B (p value 0.6434).CONCLUSION: Amniotomy has no significant effect in shortening the duration of labour inprimigravidas.KEYWORDS: Amniotomy, Primigravidas, Labour
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF EXTRACT FROM MEDICINAL PLANT“OLEA EUROPEA” AND MYRISTICA FRAGRANS ON THE VOLUME AND ACIDITY OF CARBACHOL INDUCED GASTRIC SECRETION IN FASTING RABBITS.
Authors: MUHAMMAD JAN  , RAHMAN SHAH
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Peptic ulcer is mostly produced due to the over production of gastric acid. This studywas undertaken to find out the effects of extracts from medicinal plants Olea europea and Myristicafragrans (Both of them contains documented natural Calcium channel blocker) on volume and acidity ofCarbachol induced gastric section.METHODS: Thirty rabbits of local breed, weighing 1-1.5kg were used. The animals were kept onfasting for 48 hours. After general anesthesia, pylorus of each animal was ligated. Both the extracts 500mg/kg each and Carbachol 600| ig/kg body weight after 15 minutes were administered intraperitoneally.RESULTS : When the means of all the parameters were compared with that of carbachol, it was foundthat the extracts reduced the volume, free and total acidity of gastric secretion which were statisticallyhighly significant (P<0.001). When we compared the mean values of volume, free and total acidity forthe two extracts, it was observed that these differences in all the three parameters between groups B andC were found to be non-significant (P>0.5).CONCLUSION: The extracts can be used effectively and safely in the treatment of hyper acidityconditions and peptic ulcer after evaluation its effects in human being.KEY WORDS: Olea europea, Myristica fragrans & gastric secretion.
INCIDENCE OF DELEYED RECURRENCE IN INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR WITH POLYPROPYLENE DARN.
Authors: SAMIEULLAH  , MANZOOR ALI  , AJMAL KHAN  , SAIFUR RAHMAN  , M. HUSSAIN
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Inguinal Hernia is a global issue, adults with developed posterior wall of inguinalcanal needs an effective, safe, and cost effective tension free repair.OBJECTIVE: To know about the effectiveness of poly propylene darn in inguinal hernia, in terms ofdelayed recurrence.METHODS: It is a descriptive study which was conducted in Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals;Saidu Sharif Swat From January 1999 to May 2013. Total of 386 patients collected by non probabilityconvenient sampling technique, and 390 repairs (4-patient with bilateral inguinal hernia repair) wereincluded in the study. 180 were indirect, out of these 15 were strangulated, while 210 were of directverity. 90 repairs were made under local anesthetic block, 300 were operated under general anesthesia.Our last case of the series was operated in May 2004. All the patients were discharged on either 1st or 2ndpostoperative day. 3 patients (0.76%) were readmitted for wound infection and were discharged on 8thpostoperative day. Patients were subsequently examined on day 7th and 14lh post operative day for earlycomplications and then on 6th month and yearly for 9 years, for delayed recurrence. Data were collectedon structured proforma and were analyzed on SPSS.RESULTS: Ages ranged in our study were from 20-80 years (mean of 50 years). 180 patients hadindirect hernia (46.15%), while 210 were of direct verity. Among 390 repairs 15 patients (3.8%)developed superficial wound infection, 5 patients (0.8%) established deep wound infection. 3 patients(0.76%) developed scrotal hematoma, only one case (0.25%) was re explored. 20 patients (5.18%) wentinto urinary retention and were catheterized for 24 hours. 2 patients (0.5%) developed early recurrencewith in the first year. 1 patient (0.25%) presented with hydrocele. 2 patients (0.51%) complained ofneuralgia at groin.During the long follow up for delayed recurrence we lost 58 patients (died, went abroad and some werenot willing for this follow up)among the remaining 328 patients 7 patients developed delayed recurrence2 were bilateral(2.4%). They were re operated and this time meshplasty with poly propylene meshcarried out.CONCLUSION: We concluded that Dam repair with polypropylene is safe and cost-effective, even interms of delayed recurrence of inguinal hernia, and recommend it for primary hernia repair.Key Words: Inguinal hernia, Polypropylene Dam, Delayed Recurrence.
CORRELATION OF VIROLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B & C CO-INFECTION
Authors: JAVED IQBAL FAROOQI  , RUKHSANAJAVED FAROOQI  , RIAZMUHAMMAD  , ZAFAR ALI  , ABDURREHMAN  , INTEKHABALAM  , NOORULLAH KHAN  , MOHAMMAD JAMSHED KHAN  , MUHAMMAD ASGHAR  , FAROOQ AHMAD
Published: October 2021

Background: Both HBV super-infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCV super-infectionin patients with chronic hepatitis B have been reported. In case of co-infection, hepatitis B and C interactwith each other and affect immune responses resulting in active HCV with inactive HBV, active HBVwith inactive HCV, both active and both inactive. The objective of our study was to find out andcorrelate the virological and clinical profile in our patients with chronic hepatitis B and C co-infection.Material and Methods: This observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted atMedical ‘A’ Ward, PGMI, LRH Peshawar and Author’s Private Hepatology Clinic, from July 2010 toJune 2014. All patients with HBsAg and Anti-HCV Reactive by ELISA for more than six months wereincluded in the study. Following investigations were carried out in these patients: Serum ALT, HBeAg,anti-HBe, HBV DNA PCR, HCV RNA PCR, and abdominal ultrasound. Data was entered and analyzedusing SPSS version 16.0.Results: A total of 130 patients were included in the analysis, out of which 81 (62.3%) were males.Mean age of patients was 40.52±14.27 years. Majority of patients belonged to age-group of 21-30 years.Mean serum ALT of patients was 83.69±60.48 U/L. Majority of patients belonged to ALT-Group of 41-80 U/L. Hepatitis C Virus was the dominant virus in 53% of patients. Chronic Hepatitis was thedominant clinical profile in 73% of patients.Conclusion: Hepatitis C Virus is the dominant virus in our patients with BC co-infection. There is nostatistically significant association between virological and clinical profile of these patients.Key Words: Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, BC Co-infection, Chronic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis,Hepatocellular Carcinoma
PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND HEAVY METAL DETERMINATION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS OF IBADAN CITY, NIGERIA
Authors: Okoyomon O. O. , Kadir H. A. , Zango Z. U. , Saidu U. , Nura S. A.
Published: October 2021

The rise of heavy metal presence in environmental waters has made it necessary to continuously examine industrial effluents to maintain the quality of the environment. The focus of this study is centered on determining the heavy metal concentrations and some physicochemical parameters in twelve industrial effluents samples collected from various locations across Ibadan city. A composite sampling method was utilized to obtain representative effluent samples of the 12 Industries (categorized into food, beverage, tobacco, plastic, Pharmaceutical, chemical, and allied industries) and borehole samples from around the city were used as control. The effluent samples were digested by nitric acid (HNO3) and analyzed for cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method (AAS). Some physicochemical parameters such as pH (Jenway 3510 pH meter), total dissolved solids (Hanna TDS meter), total suspended solids, and phosphate were determined. The heavy metal mean values were compared with Federal Environment Protection Agency (FEPA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard values shown in table 1. The mean concentrations of heavy metal in the industrial effluent samples were Cu (0.32 mg/L), Pb (0.037 mg/L), Ni (0.50 mg/L), Co (0.037 mg/L), Cd (0.016 mg/L), Fe (54.0 mg/L) and Cr (0.44 mg/L). It was found that Chemical and allied industries have the highest concentration for metals such as Fe (128 mg/L), Ni (1.1 mg/L), and Cu (0.27 mg/L) while Cr (0.0067 mg/L) and Co (0.08 mg/L) were obtained in the Food/Beverage and pharmaceutical industries respectively. Conclusively, the industries around the Ibadan city stand as potential contributors to pollution, hence a periodical and continuous assessment effort are recommended.
Rasayana karma of poisonous Bhallataka: A Review
Authors: Shende Dr. Supriya Shende
Published: October 2021

Rasayan is a branch of the Ayurveda. Charaka had described fulfilling the aim of the Ayurveda i.e., drugs act by preventing old age and diseases in the healthy person. Charaka stated about two types of medicine, one which promotes resistance to the body and another which cures diseases and Rasayan therapy play a key role in achieving these goals The main aim of Rasayan therapy is to promote the formation of or resistance which in modern terminology can be called as promoting the strength of the immune system. Bhallataka, a medicinal drug has the ability to penetrate deeply into the tissues and rejuvenate the body that’s why it was used to hold in high esteem by ancient sages of Ayurveda. Maharshi Charak emphasized the Rasayana property of Bhallataka and described ten types of preparations with it. He considered bhallataka as the best drug to cure the kaphaj vyadhi. Charak has categorized Bhallataka as Dipaniya -an appetizer, Bhedaniya- to break accumulated doshas, mutra sangrahaniya- antidiuretic, and Kusthaghna -antidermatosis. In the present study, review of the drugs had been made from Ayurveda classics. Because it is important to have an awareness regarding the Poisonous drugs, when used in the proper form & prescribed dose they act as a potent therapeutic agent. It is a fact that virtually any substance can be harmful at high enough concentrations as rightly quoted that “All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy.”
As trajetórias e resistências das comunidades quilombolas do pantanal sul-mato-grossense
Authors: ALVES DE SOUZA JOÃO BATISTA
Published: October 2021

Este livro é o resultado da tese de doutorado intitulada “Existir e Resistir: as geografias das comunidades quilombolas no município de Corumbá – MS”. Tal pesquisa estava baseada na análise das trajetórias e formas de resistência que ocorrem nos diferentes lugares dos existires das comunidades quilombolas no município de Corumbá-MS. Após um período de vivências e andanças pela cidade, na condição de morador e docente do IFMS, surgiu o interesse de pesquisar, mapear e construir uma reflexão acerca do existir e resistir das comunidades quilombolas Ribeirinha Família Ozório, Ribeirinha Família Campos Correia e Maria Theodora. Essa problemática abrange a luta pelo território, o processo de reprodução e as formas de resistência das comunidades quilombolas, e se constitui como um objeto de estudo da Geografia ainda a ser explorado, principalmente no que diz respeito às comunidades quilombolas localizadas no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense, na sub-região Paraguai.
Hat Sanatı Araç Gereçlerinin Korunduğu Hattat Sandıkları: Ankara Etnografya Müzesinden Örnekler
Authors: KARA Hacer
Published: October 2021

Yazı iletişimin en önemli unsurlarından biridir. Tarihi süreçte Türk İslam sanatında yazının sanatla olan ilişkisine bakıldığında, hüsn-i hat sanatının iletişim bağlamında çok büyük bir öneme sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sebeple hat sanatının icrasında kullanılan başta kamış kalem olmak üzere kâğıt, mürekkep, hokka, makas, kalemtıraş, makta, mühre, divit, kalemdan vb. araç gereçleri döneminin iletişime kaynaklık eden araçları olarak görmek mümkündür. Dolayısıyla yazının yazılmasına kaynaklık eden bu iletişim araçlarının korunup saklandığı Ankara Etnografya Müzesindeki hattat sandıkları, sanat ve iletişim bağlamında bu yazının konusunu teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmayla, yayınlarda pek rastlamadığımız hattat sandıklarının Ankara Etnografya Müzesindeki örneklerini tanıtarak bilim dünyasına sunmayı amaçladık. Ankara Etnografya Müzesi hat sanatına ilişkin araç gereçler bakımından oldukça zengin bir koleksiyonu bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Koleksiyonda bulunan dört adet hattat sandığı müzeden temin edilerek konumuz kapsamında malzeme, teknik, form ve süslemeleri bakımından ayrıntılı bir biçimde, diğer müzelerde bulunan bazı örneklerle de kıyaslanarak incelenmiştir. Eserlerin tamamı ahşaptan yapılmıştır. Kakma, çift katlı rölyef ve Edirnekâri (boyama) teknikleriyle süslenen dikdörtgen formlu bu dört örnekten biri çekmece, üçü ise kutu şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Eserlerde basit geometrik motifler, doğada gördüğümüz biçimde çeşitli hayvan figürleri, yaprak ve gül gibi natüralist bitkiler ile barok-rokoko tarzı motifler bezeme ögesi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Üzerlerinde yapım tarihi, üretim yeri ve yapan ustasına ilişkin herhangi bir bilgi bulunmayan örneklerin süsleme özelliklerinden yola çıkılarak geç dönem Osmanlı eserleri oldukları tespit edilmiştir.