bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Application Taguchi Method to Optimize Heat Treatment Parameters Using Nanofluids of AISI 52100 Steel
Authors: Hasan Wisam Naji , Al-Aaraji Mohammed Naji
Published: April 2023

The present work describes a heat treatment procedure using nanofluids as quenchants for (AISI 52100 Steel) via the Taguchi method to optimize process parameters. The nanofluids have been prepared from nanoparticles (SiO2, SiC and Fe2O3) and base media consist of distilled water, toluene and ethylene glycol of volume concentrations of 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 %. The present investigation considers hardness and wear rate as optimization criteria. The experimental variables that were selected for this study are: (austenitizing and tempering temperature), (type and volume fraction of nanoparticles) and (base media). They represent significant factors that influence on these optimization criteria. (AL18 orthogonal array), (analysis of variances (ANOVA)) and (signal/noise ratio (S/N)) were applied by means of (Minitab 18) software to examine the performance characteristics of the process parameters. The analysis of (S/N) ratio shows that the most significant parameters that give the optimum heat treatment conditions for hardness of the examined steel (AISI 52100) are: (austenitizing temperature of 800°C), (distilled water as a type of base media) and (tempering temperature of 180°C), in addition to (Fe2O3 as a nanoparticles type) and finally (nanoparticles volume fraction of 0.06%). In contrast, for the wear rate, they were: (austenitizing temperature of 800°C), type of base media (distilled water), tempering temperature of (180°C), and volume fraction of nanoparticles (0.06%) tempering. Finally, nanoparticles type (Fe2O3) is the most significant parameter for hardness and wear rate. ANOVA, exhibited that the austenitizing temperature has major effect on producing high values of hardness and wear rate for the AISI 52100 Steel.
Aluminium Foam-Filled Honeycomb Crash Absorbers
Authors: Valente Goncalo , Ghasemnejad H. , Srimanosaowapa Sompong
Published: April 2023

Honeycomb structures are frequently used as energy absorption devices in the automotive and aerospace industry. Many studies have been conducted to optimise these structures and improve crashworthiness behaviour. This paper attempts to improve the crashworthiness behaviour of a honeycomb crash box by filling the cells with open-cell aluminium foams. Experimental tests were conducted to develop the honeycomb and aluminium foam material model and, also, to validate the finite element model by experimental data. Foam-filling the crash box allows the control of the densification zone for different impact energies using open-cell aluminium foam, which shows the main novelty of this research. In the end, the optimised structure is presented concerning the optimum number of foam-filled cells and, also, to the aluminium foam’s density that best fits this application.
Specific Morphological Features of the Surface of Chromium Coatings Obtained in Electrolytes with Organic Additives
Authors: Fomichev V.T. , Savchenko A.V. , Gubarevich G.P.
Published: April 2023

At the present time, the electrodeposition of chromium metal coatings of sufficient thickness and quality is possible only from chromium plating electrolytes containing chromic acid. The authors investigated the effect of the composition of chromium plating electrolyte on the quality of the resulting metal coating. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of organic additives, of gallic acid in particular, leads to significant changes in the surface of the metal deposit and to a decrease in its hardness. Assumptions have been made about the influence of organic additives on the metal deposition process. The experimental data on the content of gases in the chromium deposits obtained from electrolytes with gallic acid additive and without it have been presented.
Obtaining of Metal-Matrix Alloys Based on Ni-Al for ESD Coatings Formation
Authors: Khimukhin Sergey N. , Nikolenko Sergey V. , Konevtsov L.A. , Kim E.D.
Published: April 2023

The experimental results of obtaining complex-alloyed intermetallic alloys by the method of liquid-phase self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and their subsequent use for the formation of wear-resistant coatings by the method of electrospark deposition (ESD) are submitted. Metal oxides Cr2O3, NiO, CoO and mineral concentrate containing a larger part of ZrO2 in its composition were used as a melt charge for the SHS experiments. Alloys based on Ni-Al system dopped with Cr, Zr, Co, and C were obtained. It was established that extra addition of C led to the refinement of the alloys microstructure (3-5 times). ESD coatings were formed on steel 45 using the obtained alloys as anode material. The coatings formed by using the alloys doped by Co, Zr, Cr and extra addition of C (0.4 wt%) proved to be maximum wear resistant.
Study of the Effect of Ce 3+ on the Gas Sensitivity and Magnetic Properties of CuxCe0.3-XNi0.7Fe2O4 Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Kadhim Shaymaa A. , Al-Saadi Tagreed M.
Published: April 2023

This study includes the preparation of the ferrite nanoparticles CuxCe0.3-XNi0.7Fe2O4 (where: x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3) using the sol-gel (auto combustion) method, and citric acid was used as a fuel for combustion. The results of the tests conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD), emitting-field scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), and Vibration Sample Magnetic Device (VSM) showed that the compound has a face-centered cubic structure, and the lattice constant is increased with increasing Cu ion. On the other hand, the compound has apparent porosity and spherical particles, and there are no other elements other than those participating in the preparation of the compound, which means that it is of high purity. The prepared compound possesses excellent magnetic properties due to the narrowness of the magnetic hysteresis ring. The gas sensing system found that the compound has good sensitivity to H2S gas.
Influence of Anodization Process on Improvement of Corrosion Resistance of Tubing from Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Nasibullina O.A. , Pechenkina M.Yu.
Published: April 2023

Full functioning of wells in oil and gas fields is impossible without the use of tubing. Main function of tubing is transportation of gases and liquids produced in productive zone to well surface. In addition, tubing acts as a kind of insulator that protects the gas and liquid transported through them from the walls of the well, and also prevents the occurrence and development of corrosion, deposits of paraffin and asphaltene on casing pipes. The tubing pipe placed in the well is also necessary in order to ensure the carrying out of downhill and repair work, which is regularly necessary. Standard tubin g (tubing) as a result of technological difficulties does not undergo a strengthening operation. When manufacturing tubing and locks to them from alloyed steels, the main attention is paid to improving mechanical properties, which is achieved by thermal and chemical-thermal treatment. However, the practice of operating tubing shows that the introduction of these measures does not solve the issue of reliability, since threaded connections for the coupling and nipple remain vulnerable sections of tubing. Tubing (tubing) during its operation experiences significant loads and is in constant contact with aggressive media, which leads to serious requirements for their quality. The possibility of replacing its production from alloyed steels with aluminum alloys, for example, AlCuMg2 will facilitate the design by 2.5 times, prevent the tendency to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in a hydrogen sulfide-containing medium and eliminate inhibitory protection. The main disadvantage of aluminum alloys is the tendency to pitting corrosion. It is possible to improve the protective properties of the passive film on aluminum alloys by anodizing.
Modelling Urban Heat Island with Landsat Images and LiDAR Datasets
Authors: Şengün E. , Arefi H. , Aksoy S. , Taheri P.
Published: April 2023

The environmental problems caused by rapid and uncontrolled urbanization are increasing day by day. When the needs of the growing population are also in question, urbanization problems become unavoidable when considered on a global scale. Since housing is one of the most important population-related needs, there is an increase in urban areas and an expansion of working areas. Therefore, while urban areas are increasing, forested or green areas are shrinking. Decreasing green areas play a very important role in increasing surface temperature. This increase in cities, which are warmer than the surrounding rural areas, is briefly called Urban Heat Island (UHI). Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) was used to calculate the UHI effect. This index, produced from thermal tapes, determines the severity of UHI. For this study, attributes were created using Landsat, LiDAR, and Open Street Map data to estimate UHI severity without the aid of thermal bands. Using these features, a random forest machine learning algorithm was trained, and UHI severity maps were estimated. For the city of Sioux Falls, which was selected as the study area, data for the years 2008 and 2020 were used. UHI forecast maps for these years were produced and compared with ground truth maps.
The Adjuvant Combination of dmLT and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Activates the Canonical, Nonpyroptotic NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dendritic Cells and Significantly Interacts to Expand Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells
Authors: Bauer David L , Bachnak Louay , Limbert Vanessa M , Horowitz Rebecca M , Baudier Robin L , D’Souza Shaina J , Immethun Victoria E , Kurtz Jonathan R , Grant Samuel B , McLachlan James B
Published: April 2023

Adjuvants are often essential additions to vaccines that enhance the activation of innate immune cells, leading to more potent and protective T and B cell responses. Only a few vaccine adjuvants are currently used in approved vaccine formulations in the United States. Combinations of one or more adjuvants have the potential to increase the efficacy of existing and next-generation vaccines. In this study, we investigated how the nontoxic double mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin R192G/L211A (dmLT), when combined with the TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-A), impacted innate and adaptive immune responses to vaccination in mice. We found that the combination of dmLT and MPL-A induced an expansion of Ag-specific, multifaceted Th1/2/17 CD4 T cells higher than that explained by adding responses to either adjuvant alone. Furthermore, we observed more robust activation of primary mouse bone marrow–derived dendritic cells in the combination adjuvant–treated group via engagement of the canonical NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex. This was marked by a multiplicative increase in the secretion of active IL-1β that was independent of classical gasdermin D–mediated pyroptosis. Moreover, the combination adjuvant increased the production of the secondary messengers cAMP and PGE2 in dendritic cells. These results demonstrate how certain adjuvant combinations could be used to potentiate better vaccine responses to combat a variety of pathogens.
Dexamethasone versus Fentanyl as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia: A Prospective Randomized Double-blind Trial in Lower-segment Cesarean Section
Authors: Pruthi G , Gupta M , Bharathi KS , Singh N , Sood D , Singh K , Choudhary Praveen Kumar , Gupta Priyanka
Published: April 2023

Background:

Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (IIIH) nerve block for postoperative analgesia after lower-segment cesarean section (LSCS) is stated to have a short duration of action, and prolongation of its effect with adjuvants remains unexplored. We aimed to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone and fentanyl as adjuvants to ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided bilateral IIIH block.

Methods:

After approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and informed consent, this prospective randomized double-blind study enrolled 40 American Society of Anesthesiologists II parturients, divided into two groups. Group I (n = 20) received IIIH block with 3 mg/kg of 0.75% ropivacaine and dexamethasone 8 mg whereas Group II (n = 20) received 3 mg/kg of 0.75% ropivacaine and fentanyl 50 mg. The primary outcome studied was the duration of analgesia (as defined by the requirement of first rescue analgesia). The secondary outcomes included total rescue analgesic consumption and the median number of times rescue analgesic requirement in 24 h postoperatively. Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test were applied to compare the analgesic parameters among the groups.

Results:

Both the groups were comparable for the duration of analgesia (8.15 ± 0.95 vs. 7.55 ± 1.51 h, P = 0.142), the median number of times rescue analgesics required in 24 h (2.5 [2–3] in Group I vs. 3 [2–3] in Group II, P = 0.590), and total tramadol required in 24 h (125 ± 25.6 vs. 130 ± 25.1 mg, P = 0.540).

Conclusion:

Both dexamethasone and fentanyl as an adjuvant to ropivacaine for IIIH block were found to have a comparable duration of analgesia following LSCS.
Evaluation of Analgesic Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate as An Adjuvant to Caudal Bupivacaine in Pediatric Infraumbilical Surgeries – A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study
Authors: Choudhary S , Bedi V , Kalluraya SB , Sharma S
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims:

Caudal block provides good perioperative analgesia for pediatric infraumbilical surgeries but has a short duration of action after a single injection. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated the effect of magnesium sulfate added to caudal bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

In this prospective randomized double-blind comparative study, 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I, II children aged 1–5 years, of either gender, undergoing infraumbilical elective surgeries were randomly divided into 2 Groups (Group M [Magnesium sulfate] and Group C [control]) and received caudal block with magnesium sulfate 50 mg (upto 1 ml with saline) and 1 ml saline, respectively, added to 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at predefined time intervals. Postoperative pain by Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale and level of sedation by Ramsay Sedation Score was assessed postoperatively. Duration of analgesia and number of rescue analgesic doses received in 24 h were recorded. Quantitative and qualitative variables were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test, Chi-Square test, and Kruskal–Wallis test where deemed appropriate. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The mean duration of analgesia was significantly higher in Group M with reduced requirement of rescue analgesic doses. FLACC scores were higher in control Group C at all time intervals. Patients in the magnesium group were sedated for a longer period. Both groups had comparable hemodynamic parameters throughout the study.

Conclusion:

Magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in caudal block prolongs the duration of analgesia with a reduction of postoperative rescue analgesic requirement in pediatric patients.
Clinical study of burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute coronary syndromes and their complications
Authors: Murthy P. Dakshina , Gopal P. Venu
Published: April 2023

Background:

Sparse published data are available regarding the burden of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a health-care setting managed by physicians.

Methods:

The present study was conducted to assess the burden of T2DM, amongst persons admitted with ACS, and study the complications during their hospital stay.

Results:

During November 2016 and May 2017, 167 persons with ACS were admitted in the intensive care unit of a 15-bedded hospital managed by physicians. Of these, 66 (39.5%) were found to have T2DM (57 were known to have T2DM, T2DM was freshly detected in 9). Of the 66 patients with T2DM and ACS, 44 (67%) had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) (25 persons had anterior wall MI and 19 had inferior wall MI) and 22 (33%) had non-ST-elevation MI/unstable angina. Ten (15%) patients died during hospital stay (9 died due to cardiac arrest and one patient died on the way to another centre). Other complications included acute left ventricular failure (n = 4). Two of these recovered with treatment and two others were shifted to another centre. One patient had developed cardiogenic shock and recovered with treatment. One person with post-infarction angina was referred to another centre for angiogram.

Conclusions:

Early recognition of diabetes mellitus in patients presenting with ACS is essential to save life and prevent complications.
Chronic osteomyelitis of the femur caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Iyengar Raju , Manikanta Maddali Dheerj , Goveen Manda
Published: April 2023

Melidiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease, and the causative organism is Burkholderia pseudomallei. It occurs as an environmental saprophyte in endemic regions of northern Australia and Southeast Asia. A 43-year-old male patient known to have type 2 diabetes mellitus, presented with fever, thigh swelling. He had received treatment with multiple antimicrobial agents, including antituberculosis drugs, but no improvement was observed. An incision and drainage of medullary canal was done and pus culture grew Burkholderia pseudomallei. He was managed with intravenous meropenem followed by oral cotrimoxazole. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis. Burkholderia pseudomallei infection should be suspected in patients with diabetes mellitus, in patients presenting with an abscess not responding to antimicrobial treatment, especially in patients from endemic areas. The organism responds only to specific antibiotics; therefore correct and timely diagnosis becomes crucial for a better outcome.
A surveillance study of multidrug-resistant organisms among clinically significant Gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary care teaching hospital from South India
Authors: Rangineni Jayaprada , Nukanaboina Ramakrishna , Sharma Krishna Kanchan
Published: April 2023

Background:

Sparse published data are available from Andhra Pradesh the burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in clinical specimens.

Methods:

We studied the burden of MDR Gram-negative bacteria from among various clinical specimens in our tertiary care teaching institute.

Results:

A total of 6900 isolates were obtained of which 2960 organisms were MDR. Escherichia coli were the most frequently isolated Gram-negative species (37%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (13.4%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacterspp. and Enterobacter spp. were the other commonly isolated Gram-negative organisms. High resistance rates were observed for all antimicrobials studied except for cefoperazone-sulbactam (62.6%), meropenem (70%), aminoglycosides (64%) and polymyxin B (98.6%). In spite of high resistant rates (>50%) for ciprofloxacin (80%), cephalosporins (74.4%) and cotrimoxazole (65.7%), the above-mentioned antimicrobials were clinically effective. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was one of the significant mechanisms of resistance in our study as β-lactam resistance was 74.4%.

Conclusions:

Our study documents a high proportion of resistant Gram-negative organism isolates. Clinicians should consider this while initiating antibiotic treatment.
Subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis
Authors: Saurabh Kumar , Singh Varun Kumar , Pathak Abhishek , Chaurasia Rameshwar Nath
Published: April 2023

Despite increasing immunisation rates, developing countries continue to report subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis (SSPE). The defective measles virus causng SSPE persists in brain cells because of hypermutated M protein and deranged host's immune responses. Patients usually present with cognitive decline and myoclonus. However, atypical presentations such as seizures and visual loss are also quite common, causing wrong or delayed diagnosis in a significant number of cases. Diagnosis is based on suggestive clinical features, electroencephalographic findings and elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antimeasles antibody titre. Newer methods of reporting antibody levels such as CSF/serum quotient (CSQrel) result in increased specificity, but individual values of serum and CSF antimeasles antibody titres should also be checked if CSQrel is negative or equivocal. In highly suspicious cases with negative CSF antimeasles antibody profile, repeat testing should be done. Combination therapy with interferon-alpha and isoprinosine is the most common starting regimen. Intraventricular administration of interferon-alpha is theoretically the most effective route but requires meticulous hygiene and complications are frequent. Hence, the proper route and frequency of interferon-alpha treatment should be chosen depending on efficacy, affordability, disease stage and parent's expectations. Though treatment has largely remained unsatisfactory, reported rates of improvement or stabilisation (34%–35%) are much better than that for spontaneous remission (5%–10%). Fusion inhibitors and adenovirus-delivered small interfering RNA are being studied as new therapies. However, increasing immunisation rates can be the only long-term answer to tackle the menace of measles and its complications.
Nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci among undergraduate medical students, with special reference to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Manyala Preethika V. V. , Chaudhury Madhulika , Anagoni Srikar , Pulicherla Balasubramanyam , Chaudhury Abhijit
Published: April 2023

Background:

Staphylococcus aureusand other staphylococci are the commensals of the human body, the anterior nares being an important niche for colonisation. The medical students constitute an important component of the hospital population. Studies of staphylococcal carriage among the medical students are almost non-existent from India. This study was conducted with the primary aim of finding out the nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci among the medical students in our institution.

Methods:

A total of 162 medical students equally divided between the preclinical and clinical batches were the study participants. A nasal swab was collected from the participants and cultured. Suspected colonies were identified as S. aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility done by standard methods. The students were also asked to fill up a questionnaire to identify any risk factor associated with staphylococcal carriage.

Results:

The overall colonisation rate was 48.8% for S. aureus with 45.7% in the non-exposed pre-clinical students' group to 51.8% in the exposed clinical students' group which was not significant. The carriage rate for methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 6.3% among the S. aureus isolates. A survey of the risk factors revealed no significant association of hostel stay, family size, previous hospital admission, skin or soft-tissue infection with increased carriage rate. However, a history of previous antibiotic therapy had a significant association with nasal carriage.

Conclusions:

High rates of colonisation with S. aureus calls for further detailed multicentric studies with application of moecular methods from India.
Comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rate equations in elderly with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Deme Swaroopa , Neelam Pardhu Bharath , Killi Sateesh , Raju Sree Bhushan , Raju Y. Satyanarayana
Published: April 2023

Background:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) a growing epidemic in India with limited studies addressing the problem of ideal equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among elderly Indian patients. Currently, eGFR is calculated employing the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations of which the combination of creatinine and cystatin-c (eGFR cr-cys) is recommended as more accurate. However, preferred equations and filtration markers in elderly individuals are debated.

Methods:

The present prospective observational study conducted from 2012 to 2014 at our tertiary care centre, aimed at identifying the best filtration marker and eGFR equation for elderly CKD patients. One hundred and seven elderly CKD patients were studied. Comparison of eGFR equations derived from modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) and CKD-EPI, based on creatinine and cystatin-c was done.

Results:

Median creatinine was 2.4, and median cystatin-c was 1.9. On comparing the correlation between all four equations by spearman correlation coefficient, difference was noted. eGFR by EPI-creatinine and cystatin-c correlated with all other three equations with correlation coefficient of 0.84 for both MDRD, EPI-creatinine and 0.82 for EPI-cystatin-c equations, respectively.

Conclusions:

Of the four equations for eGFR, EPI-cystatin-c and creatinine equation showed better correlation with all other equations, hence might be the better equation for confirmation and classification of the elderly CKD patients.
A cross-sectional audit of informed consent of online survey: Characteristics and adherence to prevalent guidelines
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat , Soni Sachin
Published: April 2023

Background:

Research on human participants requires formal approval from a competent ethics committee. During the recruitment of the research participants, obtaining informed consent is a prerequisite. The online survey method is used by many researchers as it can collect the data from a diverse population in a short time.

Aim:

This study aimed to observe the characteristics and adherence to prevalent guidelines (set by the Indian Council of Medical Research [ICMR]) of informed consent coupled with online surveys.

Methods:

We collected the informed consent text from online survey links obtained from a network of colleagues who got a request to participate in a survey. Data were collected from July 2020 to June 2022. The text was anonymized for further analysis. The word count, sentences, and Flesch reading ease score were calculated. The adherence to ICMR guidelines where checked by two authors individually and a consensus was reached to prepare the final result.

Results:

A total of 44 online surveys in English were audited and among them, 10 did not have informed consent. The informed consent in 34 surveys had a median of 6 sentences and 84 words. The median reading ease score was 45.7 (college level). The majority of the consent states the purpose of the research (91.18%), the voluntary nature of the participation (85.29%), and mentioned that it is research (64.71%). However, the rest of the components are ignored by the majority of the survey consent form.

Conclusion:

Informed consent form with online surveys lacks adherence to the components suggested by ICMR. Hence, the forms should be made carefully by the researchers so that the vigor of informed consent is maintained in the online surveys.
Site-Specific Analysis of the Incidence Rate of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection Elucidates an Association with Childhood Stunting, Wasting, and Being Underweight: A Secondary Analysis of the MAL-ED Birth Cohort
Authors: Haque Md Ahshanul , Nasrin Sabiha , Palit Parag , Das Rina , Wahid Barbie Zaman , Gazi Md. Amran , Mahfuz Mustafa , Golam Faruque Abu Syed , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: April 2023

Asymptomatic infection by fecal enteropathogens is a major contributor to childhood malnutrition. Here, we investigated the incidence rate of asymptomatic infection by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and assessed its association with childhood stunting, wasting, and being underweight among children under 2 years of age. The Malnutrition and Enteric Disease birth cohort study included 1,715 children who were followed from birth to 24 months of age from eight distinct geographic locations including Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Peru, Tanzania, Pakistan, Nepal, and South Africa. The TaqMan array card assay was used to determine the presence of ETEC in the nondiarrheal stool samples collected from these children. Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate, and multiple generalized estimating equations with binomial family, logit link function, and exchangeable correlation were used to analyze the association between asymptomatic ETEC infection and anthropometric indicators such as stunting, wasting, and being underweight. The site-specific incidence rates of asymptomatic ETEC infections per 100 child-months were also higher at the study locations in Tanzania (54.81 [95% CI: 52.64, 57.07]) and Bangladesh (46.75 [95% CI: 44.75, 48.83]). In the Bangladesh, India, and Tanzania sites, the composite indicator of anthropometric failure was significantly associated with asymptomatic ETEC infection. Furthermore, a significant association between asymptomatic heat-stable toxin ETEC infections and childhood stunting, wasting, and being underweight was found in only the Bangladesh and Tanzania sites.
Pedagogy and Andragogy in Comparison – Conceptions and Perspectives
Authors: Loeng Svein
Published: April 2023

This article draws attention to the comparison of pedagogy and andragogy. It is based on well-known writers within the field of adult education and learning. The selected literature is considered to give a representative picture of how comparing pedagogy and andragogy is generally approached, serving as my basis for critical consideration. In general, the comparisons are based on the traditional understanding of pedagogy and the understanding of andragogy in line with Knowles’s theory. This does not give a true picture of the circumstances. Pedagogy is much more than traditional pedagogy, and andragogy is much more than Knowles’s andragogy. The conclusion is that a reliable comparison demands a clarification of the terms included. Attention is also drawn to three perspectives on the pedagogy–andragogy relationship, namely, dichotomous, continuum, and relational perspectives. Here, too, a traditional understanding of pedagogy is the basis.
Wymiar funkcjonalny, estetyczny i etyczny architektury współczesnych hospicjów
Authors: Leniartek Mieczysław K.
Published: April 2023

Functional, aesthetic and ethical dimension of contemporary hospice architecture

The subject of refl ection is the architecture of a contemporary hospice, which is an expression of social needs, tendencies in palliative medicine, and economic conditions. From the analysis of these objects, a model of a medical unit performing a therapeutic and care function emerges, taking into account the needs of belonging, respect and self-fulfillment of patients. Its program includes personalized hospital rooms, rooms for integrating patients with medical and nursing staff and volunteers, and for meeting the spiritual needs of this community. The special character of this function is emphasized by aesthetic dispositions on a rural and urban, architectural and landscape scale. Often, hospice projects also contain a symbolic message of religious or para-religious content contained in the forms of buildings and their interiors. Considerations on the architectural assumptions of hospices – those special objects in which the act of “transition” crowning human life take place, lead to the conclusion that thanks to the dispositions of a functional, aesthetic and semantic nature, the act of architectural creation acquires an ethical dimension, introducing solutions through logic, aesthetics and symbolism emotional, social, mental and spiritual order.
Medycyna i nacjonalizm – stacja szpitalna na cmentarzu żydowskim we Wrocławiu
Authors: Spielvogel Izabela
Published: April 2023

Medicine and Nationalism – a hospital station at the Jewish cemetery in Wrocław

Between 1941 and 1945, in some regions of the Third Reich, Jews were allowed to function, if, among other things, they had non-Jewish spouses or were considered, according to racial purity laws, to be so-called „Mischlings”. German half-blood Jews, due to the Aryan blood element, were initially not affected by persecution to the same extent as full-blood Jews. In theory, they could, for example, seek exemption from racial laws, did not have to pay Jewish property tax or wear the Star of David. They were also spared during the first deportations. The question of the extermination of German Jews in mixed marriages or those who were categorised as being of „mixed descent” was repeatedly raised in National Socialist offices and institutions but was never finally resolved. In line with the National Socialist racial ideology, separate medical facilities had to be established for this social group, providing health care services. Such centres were set up from 1943 onwards in the larger German cities where there were still relatively large numbers of Jews. They were opened on the Gestapo’s orders as so-called hospital stations (Krankenstation). Such institutions operated in: Berlin, Breslau (now Wrocław), Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg and Cologne. An abandoned administrative building located in the Jewish cemetery at what was then Flughafenstraße 51 (now Lotnicza Street) in the Cosel (Kozanów) district was designated as the headquarters of the Wrocław facility, which egan operating on 1 July 1943.
“Planning Hygiea”. Eugen Fassbenders Regulierungsplan für Lázně Jeseník/Gräfenberg und die moderne Kurstadt in Ostmitteleuropa um 1900
Authors: Sukrow Oliver
Published: April 2023

“Planning Hygiea”. Eugen Fassbender’s Regulatory Plan for the Spa Town Lázně Jeseník/Gräfenberg and the Hygienic Town Planning in the Late Austrian-Hungarian Empire When the Silesian spa town Lázně Jeseník commissioned the renowned Viennese town planer Eugen Fassbender in 1909 with a regulatory plan for the city’s future development, the town was about to transform itself from the birthplace of modern hydrotherapy – Vincenz Prießnitz founded his establishment here in 1826 – to a modern, allyear- running health resort. This article presents Fassbender’s urbanistic ideas for Lázně Jeseník’s future and his planning principles applied to a spa town. Although his plan was not realized, as a historic source, it offers valuable insights into the developments of Central European spa towns and their touristic, urbanistic, and architectonical challenges around 1900.
The Hungarian monument protection from 1957 to 1990 through the lens of its professional journal
Authors: Harlov-Csortán Melinda
Published: April 2023

The nationwide monument protection system was (re-)established in Hungary in 1957 and operated uninterruptedly during the previous political system. Even though by now both the profession and its institutional system has been transformed numerous times, the dedicated professional journal, titled “Monument Protection”, has been continuously published since 1957. It was first published by the Union of Hungarian Architects and from 1960 the National Monument Protection Inspectorate (OMF) was the main publisher until the end of the researched period in 1990. It describes and discusses case studies, theoretical investigations and informs colleagues and the interested nationwide audience about the international norms and trends in that field. This contribution looks at the first circa three decades (1957-1990) of this journal as a basis to investigate the profession in Hungary, its operational scope as well as its national and international status. Melinda Harlov-Csortán – The Hungarian monum ent... 59 This investigation contributes not just to exploration of an important historical period through a specialized profession but to understanding of our contemporary built environment and the views and concepts behind them as well. The research process involves analysis of printed materials (such as policies or conference publications) as well as interviews with members of the profession. The current contribution analyzes the first 33 years of the publication by looking at both its content, structure and language. Comparative and discourse analysis were conducted to understand both the given period of the Hungarian profession and the role of the journal in question. The aim of the article is to discuss the self-representation of the Hungarian monument protection profession during the researched period (1957-1990) not just by presenting the history of the field but also by investigating tasks and challenges that Hungarian monument professionals identified themselves. ‟Monument Protection” serves also as a great basis for comparative analysis together with other Hungarian publications or even as a basis of international comparison with alike foreign journals.
Plany uruchomienia komunikacji tramwajowej w Kaliszu w latach 1900-1914
Authors: Grochowiak Remigiusz
Published: April 2023

Plans for Establishment of Cable-Cars in Kalisz Between 1900 and 1914

Plans for opening tramway lines in Kalisz were first discussed at the beginning of the XX century. Electric narrow gauge, horse tram and electric trams later on should have connected the main railroad station with city centre and public utilities. First proposal came even before the opening of the newly constructed Warsaw – Kalisz railway (1901). Another project of town cable cars was proposed a few years later, but with no result. Following decades of the XX century saw redirection of ideas towards urban public transport, when cable-car proposals were finally replaced by a bus connection. To prepare this study, presenting an historical outline of the abovementioned, never materialized projects, author used the documents gathered in the State Archive in Łódź, studies concerning the economic, urban and social situation of the city, press reports and local guides and plans from the period under examination. Offering a brief overview of the topic, this work aims at promoting a need for detailed historical studies on this issue in Kalisz.
Protestanci w regionie kaliskim w XVI-XVIII wieku i ich budownictwo kościelne. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Sokół Teresa
Published: April 2023

Protestants in the Region of Kalisz from 16th to 18th Century and Their Sacral Architecture: an Outline

The aim of this study is to offer a brief outline of protestant sacral architecture in the region of Kalisz, comprised of historic counties of Kalisz, Pyzdry and Konin from the 16th to 18th Century. Author tries to trace foundations of new parish churches for the United Brotherhood and lutheran communities. The general research question posed in this study targets different typologies of protestant church architecture in the region, including analysis of architecture and arrangements of interior, with focus on longevity of some typological units. Those issues were backgrounded in the historical framework of protestantism in the region of Kalisz, including situation of different waves of immigration or religious exile from other countries, affecting local confessions (to mention imigrants from Bohemia, Silesia or German-speaking rural colonists, called “Olędry”) from the outbreak of protestantism, counterreformation in Poland and introduction of religious tolerance in the mid-18th Century. The last factor affected protestant sacral architecture in many ways, allowing many new interesting and monumental churches of lutheran confessions to be constructed, often showing innovation in form and spatial arrangement.
Budownictwo drewniane wsi kaliskiej i sieradzkiej w muzeach. Przyczynek do porównawczej historii architektury wiejskiej w guberni kaliskiej
Authors: Płócienniczak Dominika
Published: April 2023

Rural Wooden Architecture of the Kalisz and Sieradz Regions Preserved in Museums. An Introduction to Comparative History of Peasant’s Architecture in the Kalisz Governorate

The aim of this contribution is to offer a brief outline of changes in forms and typologies of rural peasant architecture across the Kalisz Governorate (gubernyia) at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. What kind of factors were shaping construction and typological arrangements of such kind of building types, including peasants homes and different agricultural buildings? Comparing architectural objects from the areas of Kalisz and Sieradz, preserved in the local open-air museums, the Author shows differences and similarities of the housing and production or utility spaces that framed settings for the changing conditions of the rural life at that time.
KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS STUDIES OF THE ADSORPTION OF Cu2+ USING TEA LEAVES AND TEA FIBRE (Camellia Sinensis) AS ADSORBENTS
Authors: Etim E. E. , Ogofotha G. O. , Nzubechukwu M. C.
Published: April 2023

Pollution of waterways is increasing geometrically on daily basis and this is becoming a serious threat to human health, aquatic ecosystems and aquaculture, these pollutions mostly include heavy metals. These heavy metals pose danger due to their high ability of bio accumulation and bio magnifications along the aquatic food chain. Thus, the aim of this research work is to determine the efficiency of Tea Leaves and Tea Fibre as adsorbents in the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. From the analysis, the adsorbents show high efficiency above 97% in the removal Cu2+during the treatment of waste water. The high efficiency of the used adsorbents in the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution shows its distinctive property as good adsorbents; hence tea fibre and tea leaves may be used in the treatment of waste water containing Cu2+.
Comparación de los principales indicadores económicos de países dolarizados. Caso Panamá, Ecuador y El Salvador
Authors: Garabiza Castro Bella del Rocío , Casanova Montero Alfonso Rafael , Expósito Cristian David
Published: April 2023

El trabajo escrito es un artículo teórico de reflexión dentro del área de conocimiento económico sobre las características de Panamá, El Salvador y Ecuador. Esto con el interés de contestar: ¿Cómo ha sido la evolución de los países dolarizados de América Latina? El objetivo es indagar sobre su situación por medio de los principales indicadores, bajo la metodología caracterizada por ser una investigación con base a la descripción, con método inductivo, técnica cuantitativa. Se trabajó con datos secundarios del Banco Mundial y aplicando estadística descriptiva para el periodo anual de 2011 a 2020. La discusión se centra en que la dolarización se impone y no tienen fácil salida. Las conclusiones a las que se llegó son: 1) presentan evoluciones con características diferentes, propias y condicionadas a su posición geográfica, 2) obtienen dólares de sectores productivos diferentes y especializados, y 3) el régimen monetario de dolarización sirve como plataforma monetaria para competir en el mercado mundial, pero a costa de sacrificar la política monetaria.
Challenging Choices
Authors: Clarke Michael
Published: April 2023

This lively and topical book provides a critique of choice in contemporary society and policy. Having choices empowers us, but constant extension of choice overwhelms us. In a concise and readable style, the author considers whether choice enhances or burdens our lives, and questions the blithe assumption that more choice is always for the better.
Integrability Analysis of the Smallest 3D Biochemical Reaction Model
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Education, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Iraq, Amen Azad Ibrahim ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Soran, Erbil, Iraq,   Department of Mathematics, Basic Education College, Raparin University-Ranya, Iraq,   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Duhok University, Iraq
Published: April 2023

In this paper the complex dynamics of a smallest biochemical system model in three-dimensional systems with the reaction scheme. This model is described by a system of three nonlinear ordinary differential equations with five positive real parameters, are analyzed and studied. We present a thorough analysis of their invariant algebraic surfaces and exponential factors and investigate the integrability and nonintegrabilty of this model. Particularly, we show the non-existence of polynomial, rational, Darboux and local analytic first integrals in a neighborhood of the equilibrium. Moreover, we prove that, the model is not integrable in the sense of Bogoyavlensky in the class of rational functions.
Resonance Graphs and a Binary Coding of Perfect Matchings of Outerplane Bipartite Graphs
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovenia, Brezovnik Simon , Tratnik Niko ,   University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Slovenia,   Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Žigert Pleteršek Petra ,   University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Slovenia,   University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Slovenia
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate resonance graphs of 2- connected outerplane bipartite graphs, which include various families of molecular graphs. Firstly, we present an algorithm for a binary coding of perfect matchings of these graphs. Further, 2- connected outerplane bipartite graphs with isomorphic resonance graphs are considered. In particular, it is shown that if two 2- connected outerplane bipartite graphs are evenly homeomorphic, then its resonance graphs are isomorphic. Moreover, we prove that for any 2-connected outerplane bipartite graph G there exists a catacondensed even ring systems H such that the resonance graphs of G and H are isomorphic. We conclude with the characterization of 2-connected outerplane bipartite graphs whose resonance graphs are daisy cubes.
In-vitro anthelmintic activity and phytochemical screening of Rubia cordifolia L. root extracts
Authors: Nilesh
Published: April 2023

Rubia cordifolia L. commonly known as Manjistha have been traditionally use as an Ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of various kind of diseases like dysentery, colic pain, blood purification, chest pains and related inflammatory conditions in India as well as at the various parts of the worlds. Beside its folk uses, the scientific studies revealing its application as effective anthelmintic agent is not studied scientifically yet. So, in search for the effective anthelmintic agent, R. cordifolia roots were investigated for in-vitro anthelmintic activity. In this study, the petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts were tested against adult earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) along with phytochemical screening to determine the most possible constituents responsible for the activity. In this study we found that, the petroleum ether and chloroform extract had finest activity against adult earthworms as compared to other extracts. Said in-vitro anthelmintic activity was proposed due to its richness of variety of chemical constituents like alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and anthraquinone glycosides.