bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.) terhadap Beberapa Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kotoran Itik pada Tanah Rawa Lebak
Authors: Hafizah Nur , Fikriah Fikriah
Published: December 2019

Lettuce plants in the process of growth and development require additional nutrients by repair Techniques for cultivation and repair of organic or inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are also called natural fertilizers because all or most of them come from natural fertilizers. This study aims to (i) find out the effect of giving dung manure to the growth and yield of lettuce on swampy soil, (ii) get the best dose from the administration of duck manure to the growth and yield of lettuce on swampy swamp soil. This research was conducted in Hambuku Tengah Village, Sungai Pandan District from April to June 2010. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factors studied were 9 doses of duck manure fertilizer dosage with 9 treatments, there are b0 = 0 t.ha-1; b1 = 2,5 t.ha-1;  b2 = 5,0 t.ha-1;  b3 =  7,5  t.ha-1;  b4 = 10 t.ha-1 ; b5 = 12,5 t.ha-1; b6 = 15,0 t.ha-1; b7 = 17,5 t.ha-1; b8 = 20,0 t.ha-1 with 3 replications, thus there were 27 experimental units. The observed variables were plant height and number of leaves aged 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after planting (DAP) and leaf wet weight at harvest. From the results of the study there was a response of tall mustard plants aged 28 HST and wet weight of mustard plants but there was no response to the height of mustard plants aged 14, 21 and 35 HST on the administration of duck manure, with the best dose was treatment b4 (10 t.ha -1)
Pengaruh Pemberian Abu Sekam Padi terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Cabe Rawit (Capsicum frutescents L.) pada Tanah Rawa Lebak
Authors: Norhasanah Norhasanah , Yusnita Nira
Published: December 2019

Lebak wetland is potential for cultivation of various types of vegetables, especially cayenne pepper. The problem in the land is an increase in the solubility of Al, Fe, Mn, and Cu which can poison plants. To overcome this problem, the effort that can be done is to provide organic material. This study aims to (i) determine the effect of dosages of rice husk ash on the growth and yield of cayenne in swamp lebak, (ii) obtain the best dosage of rice husk ash for growth and yield of cayenne pepper in swampy swampy soil. The study was conducted in Palampitan Hilir Village, Amuntai Tengah District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, from March - May 2010, this study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD), with 5 treatments and 4 replications, so that 20 experimental units were obtained, and 4 treatments. The factors tested were doses of rice husk ash, namely: p0 = 0 g. polybag -1, p1 = 24 g. polybag -1, p2 = 48 g. polybag -1, p3 = 72 g. polybag-1, and p4 = 96 g. polybag -1. The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect on all plant variables observed with the best dose of rice husk ash for vegetative growth was p2 and that generative growth was p3.
Faktor Sosial Ekonomi yang Berhubungan dengan Permintaan Bawang Merah Di Kecamatan Amuntai Selatan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara
Authors: Hidayatullah Arief , Riswandi Riswandi
Published: December 2019

This study aims to (i) determine the magnitude of demand for shallots by households in Amuntai Selatan Subdistrict, (ii) find out the amount of expenditure for shallot demand by households in South Amuntai Subdistrict and (iii) to know the effect of socio-economic factors on the demand by households in the Amuntai Selatan District. This research was carried out in six villages in Amuntai Selatan District, namely Kota Raja, Jumba, Murung Sari, Mamar, Paring Bay and Cempaka using cluster random sampling multistage way. Based on the results of the study, the average demand for shallots by households is 1.44 kg / month. Expenditures for demand for shallots in a month is Rp. 8,338.33 or 0.52% of total family income. From the results of correlation analysis and t-test there is a significant relationship between the level of demand for shallots with the number of family members and tastes, while family income factors, prices of shallots, formal education level of housewives, age of housewives and areas of origin of housewives are not has a significant relationship to the demand for shallots. Path analysis was obtained, that variable was total family income, variable price of shallots, variable number of family members, variable level of education of housewives, variable age of housewives, regional variables of origin of housewives, and variable tastes of housewives had a total effect on demand Red onion
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabe Rawit terhadap Pemberian Beberapa Dosis Kotoran Ayam di Tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning
Authors: Fahrudin Fahrudin , Mahdiannoor Mahdiannoor
Published: December 2019

Cayenne pepper or chilli is a fruit vegetable crops needed by the whole society as a flavoring food and medicine. In general, chilli plants can be grown in all types of soil and grow best when growing conditions are met, but the best is in the lowland soil containing sand with good porosity. This study aimed to know (i) the growth and yield response of cayenne pepper extending of multiple doses of the chicken manure fertilizer (ii) the best doses of chicken manure fertilizer on the growth and yield chili in red yellow podzolic soil. The experiment was conducted in the Timbun Tulang Village Batu Mandi District Balangan Regency from June - September 2010, using a randomized block design (RBD) a single factor, with repeated 4 times and the combination of experimental units 7 pieces, so for the entire experiment were 28 experimental plots. The results showed that treatment doses of chicken manure droppings significant effect on plant height age 14 day after planting (DAP), significant effect on plant height ages 21 and 28 DAP, age of the plant starts to flower and plant fresh weight chili. The best treatment for high-growth plant ages 14, 21 and 28 DAP, age starts to flower and fruit fresh weight chili crop is treated k5 (1.4 kg chicken manure fertilizer / planting hole).
Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Olahan Burung Belibis (Dendrocygna arcuata) di Rumah Makan Melati Amuntai
Authors: Saihani Azwar , Chisasmi Aghrei
Published: December 2019

This aims  research to (i) determine how much of the marketing mix to influence purchasing decisions of  products especially processed products of grouse. (ii) Determine which of the marketing mix factors that include product, place, promotion and price that has a dominant influence the purchasing decisions of processed product of grouse. The theory used is the Marketing Management coneerning  Marketing Mix Strategy and Consumer Behavior. The approach in this research is a case study that supported the survey. Type of this research is descriptive quantitative. The population in this research are 1500 consumers in one month. The sample size in this researt are 94 consumers. The data were collected by questionnaire. The hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis, the F test (in unison), t test (partial) sought to determine simultaneously and partially the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable at the 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results show that the strategy of marketing mix consists of product, price, place, and promotion simultaneously significantly influence to purchasing the decisions of prossed products of grouse by consumers in Amuntai. Partially only one independent variable are not significantly influence to purchasing the decisions, the price variable. Most dominant variable is promotion (25.7%). The coefficient of determination (R2) indicates that the independent variable under study is able to explain 41.1% of the purchase decision variable while the remaining 58.9% is explained by other independent variables were not included in this research
Elastisitas Transmisi Harga Daging Kerbau Rawa di Desa Sapala Kecamatan Paminggir Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara
Authors: Sitanggang Miranda Romaully Br. , Firdaus Firdaus
Published: December 2019

This study evaluating the marketing aspect swamp buffalo meat is held in the Sapala village Paminggir District of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. This village was chosen because there were many swamp buffalo traders and breeders. The research goal is to identify the elasticity of price transmission swamp buffalo in the study area. The elasticity of price transmission on buffalo meat marketing in the village Sapala Paminggir Hulu subdistrict North River is 3,089. Elasticity of price transmission represents less than one (Et < 1), meaning that a 1% change in the price at the consumerlevel will lead to a change in price by 0.281% at the producer level. This shows the price is relatively inelastic transmission. So the price changes at the consumer level will provide a little change in farmer prices it’s mean that marketing of buffalo swamp meat is not efficient.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING MATERIALS BASED ON LOCAL CONTENT FOR GRADE TENTH STUDENTS OF SMAN 10 MEDAN
Authors: Sigalingging Esra Uli Arta , Sipayung Kammer Tuahman
Published: December 2019

This study dealt with the development of English Reading Materials of Senior High School in SMAN 10 Medan. The objectives of this study is to develop the English reading materials for students of SMAN 10 Medan which represent the characteristics of their sociocultural environment. The research was conducted at SMAN 10 Medan. The research procedures of this study were Research and Development (R & D) that were done through three phases: 1) evaluation and need analysis, 2) materials design, and 3) materials Validation. The instruments used in this research were a documentary sheet, questionnaire sheet, and interview sheet. The data from evaluation and need analysis were analyzed by using descriptive technique and the data from expert judgment results were analyzed using quantitative data analysis. The result of this study was a coursebook of local content-based reading materials which consist of 3 genres: recount genres, descriptive genres, and narrative genres, in which each genre consists of 2 texts complete with the tasks or exercises. Based on the experts� judgment results, the score was 87.06 which belonged to good category based on Dirgeyasa (2011), since the range is (70-89).
The Analysis of Reading Exercise in English Textbook Entitled Pathway to English for The SENIOR High School Grade X
Authors: Sitompul Anita , Sipayung Kammer Tuahman , Sihite Jubil
Published: December 2019

This study is aimed to analyze the types of Reading Exercises on the English textbook used by the first year students of SMA SWASTA METHODIST 7 Medan. The objective of the study is to find out the types of reading exercises on English textbook used by the first year students of SMA SWASTA METHODIST 7 Medan. The design of the study is descriptive qualitative research. The qualitative data were obtained by the steps that mentioned in the procedure of the research, i.e. reading, identification, classification and simplification. The researcher analyzed the exercise in three steps,identifying the topic, clutser the topic, draw explanation. The object of the study is the reading exercises created by Th. M. Sudarwati and Eudia Grace entitled by Pathway To English and published by Erlangga, 2017. The data was collected only by taking documentary analysis. It means that the writer document reading exercises on students� English textbook and analyzed its types of reading exercises. The final result of this study shows that are five types of reading exercises on the English textbook they are Types of reading exercise are Matching Test, True/ False Reading Test, Multiple Choice item test, Completion item tests, and Long and Short answer questions. The result of reading exercise analysis shows that there are controlled exercise and guided exercise. In controlled exercises the researcher didn�t find exercise in Pathway to English textbook. And in guided exercises there are find in multiple choice in vocabulary 2 exercise. Matching cued word matching 3 exercise, matching picture cued sentence 1 exercise, vocabulary matching 5 exercise, matching selected response fill in vocabulary 7 exercise. True or false 3 exercise, completion item in the following of text 1 exercise, completion are in the text itself 9 exercise. In short answer question 6 exercise, long answer question 8 exercise. But, the researcher didn�t find exercise in multiple choice contextualized vocabulary / grammar and multiple choice vocabulary / grammar.
AN ANALYSIS ON WRITING EXERCISES IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR GRADE SEVEN ENTITLED "WHEN ENGLISH RINGS A BELL"
Authors: Simanungkalit Wiwin Sulastri , Sipayung Kammer Tuahman , Silitonga Harpen
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study is attempts Analysis on writing Exerciss In English Textbook Entitled �When English Rings a Bell�. The objectives of this research is to know the types of writing exercises in When English Rings a Bell textbook based on 2013 Curriculum. The research is content analysis design. The instrument for collecting data is documentary is taken from English textbook seventh grade students published by kemendikbud. After observing the textbook, matching with the 2013 Curriculum, the types of writing exercises of When English Rings A Bell Textbook the writer found four type there are is (a) Completing texts, (b) writing sentence dealing with grammar, (c) writing short functional text and (d) Developing vocabulary into sentence. The writer found the kinds practice of exercises there are Controlled exercises and Guided exercises, the result is are: arranging scrambled word into good sentences (not found in the textbook), completing texts/sentences (12,50%), writing sentences dealing with grammar (50%), writing short functional texts (18,75%), developing vocabulary into sentences (18,75%) so the types of writing exercises are dominant is writing sentences dealing with grammar (50%).

Keywords : An Analysis, Writing Exercises, Textbook, 2013 Curriculum
From BIM to VR: defining a level of detail to guide virtual reality narratives
Authors: Graham Katie , Chow Lara , Fai Stephen
Published: December 2019

In 2012, the Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS) started a research relationship with Public Services and Procurement Canada to develop a building information model (BIM) of the Parliament Hill National Historic Site of Canada. The model was created to facilitate a multi-year rehabilitation of the site and was developed using both historical records and highly detailed geo-referenced point cloud data. In the process of planning the model, CIMS developed a unique Level of Detail (LOD) specification for heritage buildings that, in addition to standard specifications, considered cultural heritage value as part of the LOD. As the rehabilitation project unfolded, the possibility of using the BIM for public engagement through the creation of virtual reality (VR) experiences was proposed. In this paper, we discuss the transferal of CIMS’ LOD from a BIM to a VR environment, arguing that the BIM LOD’s focus on cultural heritage value is consistent with virtual reality LOD in that it can be used to guide participants through a virtual reality narrative by inferring that areas of higher fidelity have greater value.
Estado nutricional y nivel socioeconómico en escolares de 7-9 años de Ciudad Obregón, Sonora
Authors: García-Jacobo Silvia Grisel , García-Urías Sonia Karely , Gracia-Rodríguez Eloísa Guadalupe , Correa-Valenzuela Sheida Eunice
Published: December 2019

Introducción: el nivel socioeconómico es un factor determinante de la salud y del estilo de vida del individuo. Objetivo: identificar la relación entre el estado nutricional y el nivel socioeconómico de escolares de 7-9 años de Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. Metodología: estudio aplicado, cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional; muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizó el Cuestionario Sociodemográfico 2017 para padres de familia, para nivel socioeconómico se aplicó la Regla AMAI-NSE 8X7 (versión 2011); y para evaluar el estado nutricional se tomaron medidas antropométricas, valoración con percentiles 3-97 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud e Índice de Masa Corporal para la edad; se contó con el consentimiento informado de padres y de escolares previo a su aplicación. Resultados: 114 escolares, en su mayoría del género femenino (53.5%), con una distribución por edad entre los 7, 8 y 9 años (33.33%, 36.84% y 29.82%, respectivamente). El 41.1% de los escolares con nivel socioeconómico alto tiene sobrepeso, similar a escolares que pertenecen a nivel socioeconómico medio (47.06%). Por otra parte, en los escolares de nivel socioeconómico bajo se detectaron estados nutricionales normales (30.9%) y en obesidad (30.7%). Conclusiones: Los tres estados nutricionales se encuentran distribuidos uniformemente en los tres niveles socioeconómicos; sin embargo, existe una importante prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Por lo tanto, resalta la necesidad de orientación y monitorización desde el nivel educativo básico, a fin de prevenir la aparición temprana de enfermedades crónicas-degenerativas durante la etapa de adolescencia o adultez joven.
Viviendo en la incertidumbre después de un macroadenoma pituitario: un caso de estudio
Authors: Redondo-Sáenz Diego , Solano-López Ana Laura
Published: December 2019

Introducción: La Teoría de la Incertidumbre frente a la Enfermedad es una teoría de enfermería intermedia que explica los procesos que los individuos con enfermedades crónicas atraviesan con el objetivo de lograr la adaptación. Esta teoría describe antecedentes de la incertidumbre, mecanismos de valoración y estrategias de afrontamiento para adaptarse a nuevas condiciones. Objetivo: Demostrar la integración del proceso de enfermería, lenguaje estandarizado y la Teoría de la Incertidumbre en la Enfermedad en el cuidado de una persona con complicaciones físicas y psicosociales tras un macroadenoma hipofisiario. Metodología: Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas con el paciente, examen físico y el expediente médico. La Teoría de la Incertidumbre frente a la Enfermedad de Mishel, lenguajes estandarizado para describir los diagnósticos, intervenciones y resultados y evidencia científica fueron utilizados para desarrollar el plan de cuidados. Presentación del caso: La teoría de la incertidumbre permitió seleccionar el diagnóstico principal (Afrontamiento ineficaz relacionado con incertidumbre), el cual se abordó con los NIC: mejorar el afrontamiento y enseñanza: proceso de la enfermedad, los resultados medidos fueron NOC: nivel de estrés y conocimiento: manejo de la enfermedad crónica. La efectividad de este enfoque fue reflejado en la mejora de los indicadores. Conclusiones. La identificación de una teoría que pueda explicar los hallazgos y guiar las intervenciones fortalece la calidad del cuidado de enfermería. Esta integración facilita un cuidado de enfermería personalizado y basado en la evidencia.
Estudio de caso a un usuario con diagnóstico: post operado de creaneotomía descompresiva, probable empiema subdural
Authors: Sandoval-Gutierrez Karla Abigail , Rojas-Vega María Emma
Published: December 2019

Introducción: el estudio de caso se centra en un usuario con diagnóstico médico post operado de craneotomía descompresiva, probable empiema subdural, hospitalizado en el servicio de Medicina interna en una institución hospitalaria pública del estado de Sonora. Metodología: se le realizó una valoración focalizada de enfermería implementado la guía de valoración de enfermería según tipología de patrones funcionales de salud de Marjory Gordon. Se identificaron los diagnósticos de enfermería a partir de las respuestas únicas del usuario, empelando la taxonomía II de la NANDA Internacional y posteriormente se planearon las intervenciones, implementado planes de cuidado individualizados con las taxonomías NOC NIC, enfocados a las necesidades del usuario. Resultados: se identificaron 8 diagnósticos de enfermería a partir de la valoración focalizada llevada a cabo, de los cuales cuatro son diagnósticos reales y cuatro son diagnósticos de riesgo. Conclusiones: la valoración de enfermería nos permite identificar las necesidades únicas de los usuarios y es responsabilidad del personal de enfermería tener los conocimientos necesario para poder brindar un cuidado humano con calidez y calidad a los usuarios con distintas patologías.
Aproximación cualitativa a la dinámica de una institución de educación superior desde la perspectiva de los docentes
Authors: Cortez-Félix Gustavo Enrique , Valenzuela Blanca , Guillen-Lúgigo Manuela
Published: December 2019

La presente investigación parte del interés de determinar qué procesos e incidentes de la dinámica de una universidad pública mexicana cobran relevancia según la percepción de los profesores universitarios, y a la vez se pretende indagar cómo estos eventos forman o modifican las identidades. Se utilizó un diseño cualitativo de teoría fundamentada, se entrevistó a profundidad a dieciocho profesores de diferentes programas; los discursos se analizaron en relación a descripciones, referentes, procesos, incidentes, dimensión de estructura y gobierno, dimensión política, dimensión laboral, dimensión académica, entre otras unidades. Como resultado se presenta un esquema que muestra los distintos itinerarios posibles según los relatos empíricos de los entrevistados, donde se tocan las dimensiones académica y laboral en cuanto a procesos relevantes en la trayectoria, asimismo se ofrece una descripción de la propia voz de los profesores. Se dedujo, por otra parte, que si bien la docencia es la actividad primordial realizada en la universidad, la dinámica institucional genera diferentes arreglos hostiles y tensiones en los docentes, al tener que responder a las presiones de las dimensiones políticas y laborales.
Análisis AHP de proveedores de servicio de cloud computing para organizaciones de educación superior en el Ecuador
Authors: Vásquez Bermúdez Mitchell , Hidalgo Larrea Jorge , Avilés Vera María , Suárez Jaramillo Alex
Published: December 2019

Cloud Computing services provide dynamically scalable services through the Internet on demand, so the provisioning of services plays an important role when using them in enterprises. Business organizations in general, including educational ones, must be able to select the appropriate services according to their needs. This work briefly details the concept of Cloud Computing, the methodology for solving the problem in the selection of Cloud Computing services for Higher Education Organizations using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process) model, where criteria were established such as type of service, service characteristics, technical support, network protection, web protection and virtual infrastructure. Finally, the results of the analysis of the instrument that shows the selection of the Cloud Computing service provider for Higher Education organizations in Ecuador are presented.
La Universidad Andina del Cusco
Authors: Chávez Chacón Ana Celia
Published: December 2019

Documentos
Manuela G. Romo
Authors: Romo Manuela G.
Published: December 2019

Nace en la Ciudad de México el 25 de noviembre de 1993.

Su trabajo explora las diferentes posibilidades de presentación y representación del espacio pictórico, indagando desde la abstracción geométrica hasta la representación figurativa de espacios arquitectónicos simbólicos o familiares.

Es egresada de la carrera de Artes Visuales en la FAD. Durante el 2018 cursa el VII Diplomado de producción de Artes visuales en el CaSa, en el 2017 es parte del Seminario de pintura contemporánea impartido en T.A.C.O.

Fue becaria del programa Jóvenes Creadores del FONCA en su edición 2016-2017.

Cuenta con distintas exposiciones individuales y colectivas, entre las cuales destacan: Evocaciones interiores: Metáforas sobre el espacio en Casa Galería, El cubo y sus sombras en 90º Galería y Vestigios inmarcesibles en la galería de Cultura Colectiva.

Su trabajo ha sido seleccionado en diferentes bienales a nivel nacional, como la Bienal nacional de Monterrey ARTEMERGENTE y la XII Bienal Joaquín Clausell de Campeche.
Arando surcos: incorporación de las mujeres indígenas como académicas en dos universidades públicas mexicanas
Authors: Molina Fuentes Norma
Published: December 2019

El aumento paulatino y lento del número de mujeres indígenas en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) es una constante. Sin embargo, la literatura sobre las mujeres indígenas que ingresan a laborar a las universidades es prácticamente inexistente. Por tanto, la presente investigación tiene como finalidad aportar al estudio sobre las académicas que se auto adscriben como parte de un pueblo indígena. Para el presente trabajo se entrevistó a un total de catorce académicas en dos universidades ubicadas en Estados con alta presencia de población indígena: Yucatán y Veracruz. Las universidades a las cuales pertenecen son la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY) y la Universidad Veracruzana Intercultural (UVI). El objetivo general es identificar y explicar las principales problemáticas y estrategias de las que hicieron uso un grupo de mujeres que se autodefinen como pertenecientes a un pueblo indígena en su ingreso a la academia.
Educación superior, el futuro del trabajo y la automatización
Authors: Graue Enrique , Martuscelli Jaime , Martínez Leyva Carlos
Published: December 2019

La educación es factor fundamental para lograr mejorar las condiciones de vida. El crecimiento de cobertura en educación superior no es simétrico al empleo profesional. Sobre la pertinencia laboral incide el dinamismo de la cuarta revolución industrial que transforma los roles, sustituyendo el trabajo humano por robots y algoritmos “inteligentes” capaces de tomar decisiones. Además de competencias técnicas, acordes con avances tecnológicos, se requiere nueva alfabetización digital que incluya capacidades cognitivas como pensamiento crítico y analítico que enfrente amenazas de información sesgada, prejuiciadas y dogmática que circula en la web que produce desigualdad, ignorancia y riesgos a la democracia.
ABOUT EFFICIENCY OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS AS PROPHYLACTICS OF DISEASES (REVIEW)
Authors: Kaptsov V. A. , Chirkin A. V.
Published: December 2019

The review of publications evaluating the effectiveness of personal respiratory protection (RPE) as means of reducing morbidity (occupational and morbidity with temporary loss of ability to work) and indicators of the degree of purification of the inhaled air is presented. It is revealed that with a high degree of probability, systematic studies in this field were not carried out and that in some cases the effectiveness was overestimated by incorrect justification.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS: SAFETY AND PUBLIC OPINION
Authors: Kirova A. G. , Krylasova M. M. , Sheina N. I.
Published: December 2019

Safety in the use of GMO for food purposes and public opinion on the problem are discussed. It is shown that the awareness of respondents on GMO has increased since 2011 to 2016. However, middle-aged and elderly respondents treat with care their contents in food.
ABOUT SOME PECULIARITIES OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL HETEROGENEITY OF THE POPULATION OF SCENEDESMUS QUADRICAUDA (TURP.) BREB. IN THE PRESENCE OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS
Authors: Ipatova V. I. , Dmitrieva A. G. , Filenko О. F. , Drozdenko T. V.
Published: December 2019

The structure of the laboratory population of green microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb (=Desmodesmus communis E. Hegew.) was studied at different stages of its growth (lag-phase, log-phase and stationary phase) at low concentrations of copper chloride and silver nitrate by the method microculture, allowing to monitor the state and development of single cells having different physiological status. The response of the culture of S. quadricauda - the change in the number of cells and the fractional composition (the fraction of dividing, «dormant» and dying cells) depended not only on the concentration of the toxicant in the medium, but also on the physiological state of the culture: the level of synchronization and the growth phase. Silver ions at low concentrations had a more pronounced toxic effect on the culture than copper ions at different phases of its development, especially at a concentration of 0.001 mg/l (10-9 M). The main mechanism of the toxic effect of metals is to inhibit the process of cell division. At low concentrations of toxicants, especially at a concentration of 0.001 mg/l, a «paradoxical» effect expressed in the predominance of the fraction of «dormant» cells was revealed. The temporary inhibition of the process of cell division can be regarded as a protective mechanism that allows preserving the integrity of the population and its ability to survive in a changing environment. The obtained data explain the effect of action of low concentrations of substances due to their inclusion in the cell, the subsequent accumulation in the cell and their low excretion.
TOXICOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF HALOGENATED SILANES AND APPROACHES TO THEIR CONTROL IN THE AIR OF THE WORKING AREA AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Khamidulina Kh. Kh. , Proskurina A. S. , Petrova E. S.
Published: December 2019

The article presents approaches to the assessment of toxicity, hazard and hygienic regulation and hazard of low stable substances - chlorosilanes: trimethylchlorosilane, trichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane. Their toxicity is determined by the main product of the transformation - hydrochloride. The presence of specific and long-term effects is associated with the toxic properties of transformation products. Control of these substances in the air of the working area and in the objects of human environment is recommended to be carried out on the product of transformation - hydrochloride.
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF GLYPHOSATE TECHNICAL PRODUCTS IN THE MICRONUCLEUS TEST IN VIVO
Authors: Ilyushina N. A. , Averianova N. S. , Masaltsev G. V. , Revazova Yu. A.
Published: December 2019

Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. In recent years, there have been concerns about the possible mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of this pesticide. In this connection, the study of genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of glyphosate and glyphosate-containing preparations has been resumed in a number of countries. In this study, the induction of micronucleation formation in vivo in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of bone marrow of CD-1 mice was assessed by the action of three different technical glyphosate products entering the Russian Federation. It was found that the tested samples of technical products showed different cytogenetic activity, while only one of them caused a statistically significant, dose-dependent increase in the frequency of induction of micronuclei compared to the negative control. The analysis of the composition of the studied product samples showed that the cytogenetic activity may depend on the content of potentially mutagenic impurities, in particular formaldehyde. The obtained data are additional grounds for lowering the upper limit of formaldehyde content in technical products of glyphosate and also indicate the need to assess the genotoxic activity of analog pesticides entering the market of plant protection products.
EFFECTS OF SUBCHRONIC LEAD INTOXICATION ON THE MYOCARDIUM CONTRACTILITY OF RATS
Authors: Katsnelson B. A. , Protsenko Yu. L. , Klinova S. V. , Lookin O. N. , Balakin A. A. , Nikitina L. V. , Katsnelson L. B. , Gerzen O. P. , Minigalieva I. A. , Privalova L. I. , Gurvich V. B. , Sutunkova M. P.
Published: December 2019

While it is known that chronic lead intoxication in humans induces arterial hypertension and thus can lead to some secondary disturbances of heart function, possible effects of this intoxication on myocardium contractility has never been proved. In our experiments outbred male rats were repeatedly injected IP with sub-lethal doses of lead acetate 3 times a week during 5 weeks. They developed an explicit even if moderate lead intoxication characterized by typical hematological and some other features. Next day after the last injection the heart of each animal was excised, and trabecules and papillary muscles from right ventricle were used for modeling in vitro isometric regimes of contraction-relaxation cycle. Several well-established parameters of this model proved to be changed as compared with preparations taken from hearts of healthy control rats. Against the background of in vivocalcium treatment both systemic and cardiotoxic effects of lead were somewhat attenuated. For the first time we showed that at subchronic intoxication with lead the myocardial preparations in a wide range of lengths react with decrease in their time and speed parameters of isometric contraction while keeping its amplitude, and with decrease in the passive stiffness of the trabecules. Features of the reaction of different structures of the heart and the shifting of isomyosin ratio to the slow isoform were demonstrated. Mechanistic and toxicological inferences from the results obtained are discussed.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY AND FORENSIC ASPECTS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE TOXIC EFFECT OF ETHANOL IN CHILDREN
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Ostapenko Yu. N. , Maksimov A. V.
Published: December 2019

The article presents the analysis of domestic and foreign literature on toxic effects of ethanol in children, statistics and the results of forensic investigations of children with the presence of ethanol in blood, forensic chemical and chemical toxicological studies of biological fluids taken from children and adolescents aged from 0 to 17 years and examined in the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Region in 2003 – 2017, as well as clinical and statistical analysis of cases of ethanol poisoning in adolescents hospitalized in the toxicological department of intensive care of Moscow City Clinical Hospital № 5 in 2012 – 2015.
DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF POISONING WITH THALLIUM
Authors: Zavaliy L. B. , Simonova A. Yu. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Ostapenko Yu. N. , Gadzhieva M. G. , Petrikov S. S.
Published: December 2019

Cases of thallium poisonings are regularly reported in media. In the present work, the world experience in diagnostics and treatment of victims with thallium poisoning has been compiled and summarized, search for clinical guidelines for the diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of patients has been carried out. The toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, as well as pathophysiological mechanisms of thallium influence on the body are described in detail. Toxic and lethal concentrations of poison in biological media, as well as its tropicity to various tissues and body systems were determined. The clinical picture depending on the timing of poisoning and the dose of poison is described in detail. Difficulties of the differential diagnosis are defined. The most interesting cases of criminal and household poisonings with various terms of establishment of the diagnosis, doses of poisoning and outcomes are presented.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS OF WHITE RATS WITH FENTANYL ACUTE INTOXICATION
Authors: Gorbunov D. V. , Erdniev L. P. , Nelga I. A. , Medvetsky I. V. , Mikshta A. Yu. , Andreeva E. Yu.
Published: December 2019

Experimental studies of the biochemical systems of white outbred rats in a single intoxication with fentanyl have been carried out. It has been established that acute intravenous intoxication with synthetic narcotic analgesics (fentanyl) leads to an intensification of lipid peroxidation processes indicating the development of oxidative stress. The peculiar biochemical changes of acute drug intoxication are revealed. They are represented by certain combinations of impaired biochemical parameters of blood serum.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS OF BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY, HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY IN MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF AGROCHEMICALS
Authors: Sychyov V. G. , Shapoval O. A. , Vetrova O. V. , Mozharova I. P. , Istomin A. V.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the results of the 10th anniversary scientific-practical conference «Anapa-2018» «Prospects for the use of innovative forms of fertilizers, plant protection and plant growth regulators in agricultural technologies» with the participation of leading experts and managers in the field of agrochemical production, specialized agencies, the Russian Academy Sciences, Rospotrebnadzor, and the RF Ministry of Agriculture. The conference discussed a wide range of topical issues on the use of new innovative forms of fertilizers, protection products, plant growth regulators and the technology of their use in agricultural production; issues of state registration, certification and declaration of pesticides and agrochemicals.
Cold Giant Planets Evaporated by Hot White Dwarfs
Authors: Schreiber Matthias R. , Gänsicke Boris T. , Toloza Odette , Hernandez Mercedes-S. , Lagos Felipe
Published: December 2019

Atmospheric escape from close-in Neptunes and hot Jupiters around Sun-like stars driven by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiation plays an important role in the evolution of exoplanets and in shaping their ensemble properties. Intermediate and low mass stars are brightest at EUV wavelengths at the very end of their lives, after they have expelled their envelopes and evolved into hot white dwarfs. Yet the effect of the intense EUV irradiation of giant planets orbiting young white dwarfs has not been assessed. We show that the giant planets in the solar system will experience significant hydrodynamic escape caused by the EUV irradiation from the white dwarf left behind by the Sun. A fraction of the evaporated volatiles will be accreted by the solar white dwarf, resulting in detectable photospheric absorption lines. As a large number of the currently known extrasolar giant planets will survive the metamorphosis of their host stars into white dwarfs, observational signatures of accretion from evaporating planetary atmospheres are expected to be common. In fact, one-third of the known hot single white dwarfs show photospheric absorption lines of volatile elements, which we argue are indicative of ongoing accretion from evaporating planets. The fraction of volatile contaminated hot white dwarfs strongly decreases as they cool. We show that accretion from evaporating planetary atmospheres naturally explains this temperature dependence if more than 50% of hot white dwarfs still host giant planets.
Where Do Quasar Hosts Lie with Respect to the Size–Mass Relation of Galaxies?
Authors: Silverman John D. , Treu Tommaso , Ding Xuheng , Jahnke Knud , Bennert Vardha N. , Birrer Simon , Schramm Malte , Schulze Andreas , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Sanders David B. , Cen Renyue
Published: December 2019

The evolution of the galaxy size–mass relation has been a puzzle for over a decade. High-redshift galaxies are significantly more compact than galaxies observed today at an equivalent mass, but how much of this apparent growth is driven by progenitor bias, minor mergers, secular processes, or feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is unclear. To help disentangle the physical mechanisms at work by addressing the latter, we study the size–M
stellar relation of 32 carefully selected broad-line AGN hosts at 1.2 < z < 1.7 (7.5 < log M
BH < 8.5; L
bol/L
Edd ≳ 0.1). Using the Hubble Space Telescope with multiband photometry and state-of-the-art modeling techniques, we measure half-light radii while accounting for uncertainties from subtracting bright central point sources. We find AGN hosts to have sizes ranging from ∼1 to 6 kpc at M
stellar ∼ (0.3–1) × 1011
M
⊙. Thus, many hosts have intermediate sizes as compared to equal-mass star-forming and quiescent galaxies. While inconsistent with the idea that AGN feedback may induce an increase in galaxy sizes, this finding is consistent with hypotheses in which AGNs preferentially occur in systems with prior concentrated gas reservoirs, or are involved in a secular compaction processes perhaps responsible for building their bulges. If driven by minor mergers that do not grow central black holes as fast as they do bulge-like stellar structures, such a process would explain both the galaxy size–mass relation observed here and the evolution in the black hole–bulge mass relation described in a companion paper.
Strong Excess Faraday Rotation on the Inside of the Sagittarius Spiral Arm
Authors: Shanahan R. , Lemmer S. J. , Stil J. M. , Beuther H. , Wang Y. , Soler J. , Anderson L. D. , Bigiel F. , Glover S. C. O. , Goldsmith P. , Klessen R. S. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Reissl S. , Rugel M. , Smith R. J.
Published: December 2019

We present first results for Faraday rotation of compact polarized sources (1–2 GHz continuum) in The H i/OH/Recombination line (THOR) survey of the inner Galaxy. In the Galactic longitude range 39° < ℓ < 52°, we find rotation measures (RMs) in the range −310 rad m−2 ≤ RM ≤ +4219 rad m−2, with the highest values concentrated within a degree of ℓ = 48° at the Sagittarius arm tangent. Most of the high RMs arise in diffuse plasma, along lines of sight that do not intersect H ii regions. For ℓ > 49°, RM drops off rapidly, while at ℓ < 47°, the mean RM is higher with a larger standard deviation than at ℓ > 49°. We attribute the RM structure to the compressed diffuse warm ionized medium in the spiral arm, upstream of the major star formation regions. The Sagittarius arm acts as a significant Faraday screen inside the Galaxy. This has implications for models of the Galactic magnetic field and the expected amount of Faraday rotation of fast radio bursts from their host galaxies. We emphasize the importance of sensitivity to high Faraday depth in future polarization surveys.
Long-term Virological and Adherence Outcomes to Antiviral Treatment in a 4-year Cohort Chronic HBV Study
Authors: Abreu Rodrigo M , Bassit Leda C , Tao Sijia , Jiang Yong , Ferreira Aline S , Hori Patrícia CA , Ganova-Raeva Lilia M , Khudyakov Yury , Schinazi Raymond F , Carrilho Flair J , Ono Suzane K
Published: December 2019

Background

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment adherence has been poorly studied worldwide. We evaluated long-term virological and adherence outcomes to antiviral treatment in CHB patients.

Methods

A prospective 183 Brazilian CHB patient cohort treated with monotherapy or combination adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir, lamivudine and/or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was studied in a reference tertiary centre. Treatment adherence was evaluated by a validated questionnaire named ‘Assessment of Adherence to Antiviral Therapy Questionnaire’ (CEAT-HBV) within three yearly periods (2010/2011, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015).

Results

CEAT-HBV identified 43% (79/183) patients with non-adherence to antiviral treatment and among them, 67% (53/79) were viral load positive. The main causes associated with non-response to antiviral treatment were drug resistance variants followed by non-adherence, insufficient treatment duration and other causes. Single-dose pharmacokinetics demonstrated 35% (23/65) antiviral non-adherence. 2 years after the first assessment, the CEAT-HBV indicated that 71% (101/143) of subjects adhered to treatment (per-protocol population). However, 21% (40/183) of the patients could not be evaluated and were excluded. The main reasons for exclusion were death (20/183), 11 out 20 deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV booklet was used for medical education. The third CEAT-HBV assessment (2014/2015) showed that 83% (112/135) patients were compliant with treatment adherence (per-protocol population). Long-term evaluation showed that adherence rate based on CEAT-HBV continue to increase after 4-years ( P<0.001).

Conclusions

The results highlight the importance of CHB therapy adherence assessment monitoring. Long-term adherence outcomes were dynamic and it is possible to increase the migration rate to adherence/HBV-DNA-negative group.
Insights into 260 years of taxonomic research gained from the Catalogue of Afrotropical Bees
Authors: Coetzer Willem , Eardley Connal
Published: December 2019

We analysed country-scale distribution records of solitary bees (i.e. excluding Apis mellifera) in countries in the Afrotropical Region, excluding the southern Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. Although different country estimates of bee species numbers can be explained by differences in climate, vegetation or topography, we concluded that the observed differences are mainly due to differences in sampling effort or taxonomic research intensity in different countries. We characterised three eras of bee taxonomy. The highest rate of species description per annum occurred during the first half of the 20th Century, before generic revisions were prevalent, and when the focus was on consolidating knowledge and developing identification keys. We also researched the locations of type specimens, which included all primary types and syntypes. Most types are housed in western Europe. We describe the Catalogue of Afrotropical Bees (CAB), a biodiversity information system and related GBIF checklist that is the system’s standardised, published output. In the revised CAB, all Afrotropical bee genera have been given common names, many of which are new.
Light intensity affects leaf morphology in a wild population of Adenostyles alliariae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Francis Bailey , Gilman Robert Tucker
Published: December 2019

Low light conditions can impose environmental stress on plants, and plants often respond adaptively by increasing their leaf area. Light stress on plants can also result in developmental instability, which can manifest as increased fluctuating asymmetry in leaves or other organs. The relationship between light conditions and fluctuating asymmetry has been documented in experimental populations, but has been less frequently observed in the wild. Here, we studied how leaf surface area and fluctuating asymmetry correlate with light intensity in a wild population of Adenostyles alliariae (Asteraceae). We found strong evidence that leaf surface area increases and weak evidence that fluctuating asymmetry increases as light intensity decreases. Our results help to elucidate the relationship between light stress and developmental instability under naturally occurring conditions.
The genus Massalongia (lichenised ascomycetae) in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Jørgensen Per M. , Andersen Heidi L. , Elvebakk Arve
Published: December 2019

The species of Massalongia recorded and described from the Southern Hemisphere are revised and it is shown that only one is present; M. patagonica which is widespread, with populations in Australia and New Zealand that differ from the South American populations, but at present best regarded as part of the variation of that species. Records from this hemisphere of all other species placed in the genus are incorrect. The type species, M. carnosa, is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. Two species, M. antarctica and M. novozelandica cannot be identified precisely due to lack of sufficient type material and with the types as the only collections known of these, but none belongs in Massalongia according to available data. Massalongia griseolobata (from Gough Isl.) is shown here to belong in the Pannariaceae and is part of the parmelielloid clade. M. intricata (from South Georgia) and M. olechiana (from South Shetland) have both recently been correctly transferred to the genus Steinera in the Arctomiaceae.
Une archiviste engagée internationalement : du Yémen à l’ONU Genève
Authors: Blukacz-Louisfert Blandine
Published: December 2019

A priori , rien ne me destinait à une carrière internationale, si ce n’est une ouverture personnelle à « l’autre » et à « l’ailleurs », ainsi qu’un goût prononcé pour les langues et les voyages. C’est à l’Unesco et à l’ONU que j’ai trouvé mon bonheur : un environnement multiculturel, des fonds d’archives exceptionnels, une Bibliothèque prestigieuse à faire évoluer, des projets passionnants, d’extraordinaires enjeux politiques et humains…