bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the potential of bioactive compounds in preventing cancer growth and progression: A comprehensive review
Authors: Foroughi-Gilvaee Mohammad , Martirosyan Danik , Mashayekhnia Mohammad , Maadi Mohammad , Sarvendani Mohammad , Maghsoumi Maryam
Published: June 2024

Cancer stands as a prominent global cause of mortality, with a noteworthy surge in related deaths in recent years. Over the past decade, several bioactive compounds have emerged as potent agents in impeding the relentless advance of cancer. Notably, numerous studies highlight the efficacy of natural plant-derived bioactive compounds in augmenting chemotherapy outcomes and mitigating adverse drug effects associated with chemotherapeutic agents. This comprehensive review investigates the anticancer effects of three types of bioactive compounds: polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. It elucidates their mechanisms of action and consolidates evidence from preclinical studies. Furthermore, this review delves into the molecular mechanisms through which these active compounds may manifest their anticancer properties, drawing insights from cell and animal-based studies.
Keywords:  Bioactive compounds, cancer prevention, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids
Hydraulic and Anti-clogging Performance Evaluation of a Novel Cylindrical Drip Emitter using CFD Techniques
Authors:   CVR College of Engineering, Kasa Ramamohan Reddy , Ramachandrula Venkata Ramamohan ,   Water and Livelihoods Foundation
Published: June 2024

An inline cylindrical drip emitter of 4 Lh-1 design flow rate is developed incorporating favourable geometric features against the physical clogging. The emitter model, with one-outlet and two-outlet variants, was tested for its hydraulic and anti-physical-clogging performance using Ansys Fluent 2022 software. The simulated flow rate of 3.988 and 3.992 Lh-1 is found to be very close to the design flow rate. The emitter exponent values of 0.4351 and 0.4406 for the one-outlet and two-outlet variants, respectively, are found to be within the stipulated limit of 0.5 by Bureau of India Standards (BIS) guidelines. The discrete particle modelling (DPM) simulation revealed that 100% of the particles entering the inlets of the emitter variants are escaping within an average residence time of 0.3779-1.036 s for the one-outlet variant and 0.2044-1.005 s for the two-outlet variant. The average residence time increased with increase in the particle size from 0.1 µm to 100 µm, however the same is not affected by the mass flow rate of particles. Overall, the novel cylindrical emitter developed is found to be satisfactory in its hydraulic and anti-physical-clogging performance. Index Terms: CFD, DPM, Ansys fluent, Drip Emitter, Anti- clogging, SST, k-ω Turbulence Model.
Comparative Study on the Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors:   CVR College of Engineering, Thadaka Vijaykumar , Rajagopal M. R. ,   CVR College of Engineering
Published: June 2024

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowable concrete which can consolidate under its own weight without the need of external vibration. The highly fluid nature of SCC makes it suitable for placing in difficult environments like congested reinforcement and thinner sections. Use of SCC can also help in decreasing noise pollution at worksites which is caused by vibration of concrete. SCC is used in bridges, buildings, and tunnel construction. The addition of small closely spaced and uniformly dispersed fibres to concrete would act as a crack resistor and would substantially improve its properties. This type of concrete is known as fibre reinforced concrete. In fact, the fibre reinforcement mechanisms can convert the brittle behaviour of this cement-based material into a pseudo-ductile behaviour up to a crack width that is acceptable under the structural design point-of-view. Fibre addition, however, increases the complexity of the mix design process, due to the strong perturbation effect that steel fibres cause on fresh concrete flow. In the present study, the effect of steel fibres on fresh and hardened properties are studied by adding steel fibres of different percentages such as 0%, 1% and 2% for M70 grade of concrete. An experimental investigation has been carried out to determine different properties like workability and strength of Fiber Reinforced Self Compact Concrete and Self- Compacting Concrete (SCC). For testing the properties of SCC and Fiber Reinforced SCC (FRSCC) in fresh state slump-flow, T50 Test, L-box, U-box, and V-funnel tests were conducted. Whereas for testing the properties in hardened state compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strengths are carried out. Detailed studies have revealed that the Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete made with the Steel fibres displays a better performance. The investigations and results are presented from the study. Index Terms: Self compacting concrete, Steel fibre reinforced concrete, Super plasticizer, Silica fume, Fly ash, Steel fibre.
Evaluating the Performance of Concrete Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement as Coarse Aggregate
Authors:   Vishnu Institute of Technology, Bhagya Lakshmi Matsyapuri , Vijay Kunamineni ,   CVR College of Engineering
Published: June 2024

Reclaimed asphalt pavement is a recycled pavement material consisting of asphalt and aggregate that has been treated. The majority of RAP is recycled back into pavements; hence there is a general dearth of data on the properties of RAP in other prospective uses such as Portland cement concrete. In this work, the characteristics of Portland cement concrete with coarse RAP were examined in the laboratory. Further, basalt fibers have been employed in the concrete mix to enhance the properties of concrete. The different proportions of RAP have been added into the concrete as a replacement to coarse aggregate for finding the optimum dosage for enhancing strength and durability. All samples were tested for workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and acid attack tests to investigate the impact of RAP as coarse aggregate on concrete performance. The test results indicate that the inclusion of RAP makes concrete more workable while decreasing its strength. The reason for this is the inadequate adhesion between the cement matrix and RAP aggregate. Additionally, the durability and strength of RAP concrete are improved by the incorporation of basalt fibers. In addition to RAP as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate, the investigation suggests employing basalt fibers. Index Terms: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, workability, Strength, Durability, Replacement, Fly ash, Sustainability.
Stable solution to the problem of autonomous navigation of moving objects on analytical trajectory intervals based on the results of inertial measurements
Authors: Sokolov S. V. , Marshakov D. V. , Chub E. G.
Published: June 2024

Provision of solution of the problem of autonomous navigation on a long time interval is considered. The main problem when using inertial navigation systems is caused by the accumulation of positioning and angular orientation errors. It is shown that this problem can be solved by combining methods of nonlinear filtering in processing the results of inertial measurements of platform-free inertial navigation systems and methods of reducing the dimensionality of the vector of navigation parameters on trajectory sections described by analytical models. Orthodromic (shortest) and circular intervals, most typical for program trajectories of transport objects – highways, railroads, airlines, etc., are considered as such trajectory sections. For circular intervals, analytical dependencies of the spatial coordinates of strapdown inertial navigation systems were obtained for the first time. These dependencies make it possible to reduce the dimension of the vector of navigation parameters and, as a consequence, to build a model of an autonomous observer of navigation parameters to use equations excluded from the general system of these parameters. It is shown that using stochastic nonlinear filtering methods it is possible to solve the problem of noise-resistant autonomous navigation on trajectory intervals described by analytical models. The proposed approach to solving the problem of autonomous navigation of moving objects makes it possible to significantly reduce computational costs in the practical implementation of algorithms for nonlinear filtering of current navigation parameters in comparison with traditional models of strapdown inertial navigation systems. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated with a numerical example. The results obtained are useful in developing navigation support for various transport objects moving along program trajectories, for example, aircraft for various purposes, railway, road, river transport, etc.
Determination of the temperature of an object irradiated by microwaves using spectral pyrometry
Authors: Lapshinov B. A. , Matveev E. V. , Gaidar A. I. , Berestov V. V.
Published: June 2024

Recently, due to increasing environmental requirements, microwave carbonization method has been widely investigated for the production of activated carbon from biomass waste. Microwave carbonization is a more energy efficient and environmentally friendly method compared to traditional carbonization in thermal furnaces, but to date there are still a number of questions about the reproducibility and temperature stability of this process. During microwave irradiation, the temperature of biomass samples changes continuously and complex physical and chemical processes occur in them. For deeper study of these processes and determination of optimal modes of microwave treatment it is necessary to know the temperature dynamics of biomass samples. For this purpose, the method of spectral pyrometry based on the allocation of sections of the spectra of thermal radiation of samples coinciding with the Planck spectrum was used. In the specified spectral sections these samples are gray emitters. The method is effective for an unknown emission coefficient, continuously varying with changes in the microstructure, chemical composition and phase state of the sample. The sample irradiated by microwaves was a sample of orthophosphoric acid-treated cotton down weighing 1 g. The microwave source was a magnetron-type generator with a maximum output power of 600 W and an operating frequency of 2450 MHz. Thermal spectra of the irradiated sample were recorded by small-size spectrometers of visible (350–760 nm) and near-infrared (650–1050 nm) ranges. The time of irradiation of samples by microwaves was varied in the range of 60–180 s. To process the obtained spectra, the program “Spectral Pyrometry” was used, which reads the recorded spectrum, processes it, plots it in the necessary coordinates and calculates the temperature. Analysis of the obtained results revealed different types of thermal radiation spectra of the irradiated sample - spectra similar to spectra of a completely black body, spectra with different temperature zones of the sample, spectra with atomic lines and molecular bands. The results obtained are useful for the study of microwave influence on various objects, research of processes occurring during carbonization of biomass, as well as for the development of more effective modes of production of activated carbons by microwave method.
Orientações para Prevenção da Estenose Vaginal em Mulheres com Câncer Ginecológico Pós-Braquiterapia Pélvica nos Serviços de Radioterapia no Brasil
Authors: Bogea Erica Rodrigues , Castro Analaura , Strasser Max , Uyeda Maria Gabriela Baumgarten Kuster , Rangel Neto Osmar Ferreira , Santos Fabiana Felippe dos , Jesus Clara Fernanda Brust de , Rizzi Samantha Karlla Lopes de Almeida
Published: June 2024

Introdução: A estenose vaginal pode ocorrer após a braquiterapia pélvica, levando a disfunções sexuais que dificultam ou impossibilitam os exames ginecológicos de seguimento oncológico. Objetivo: Avaliar as medidas de prevenção de estenose vaginal pós-braquiterapia para cânceres ginecológicos em centros de radioterapia do Brasil. Método: Estudo observacional transversal com coleta de dados entre junho e dezembro de 2022, por meio de questionário via Google Forms, enviado por e-mail aos serviços públicos, filantrópicos e privados de radioterapia no Brasil. Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 43 respostas, em que 34 (79%) instituições relataram realizar a braquiterapia pélvica e 33 (77%), orientar as pacientes quanto à prevenção de estenose. As orientações ministradas foram o uso de dilatadores vaginais (32-97%), estímulo à atividade sexual com penetração (27-82%), fisioterapia pélvica (22-66%) e uso de soluções tópicas (16-48%). Na maioria dos centros de radioterapia, a orientação ocorre na primeira consulta da radioterapia, sendo a indicação mais frequente o uso de dilatadores, que pode ser iniciado duas semanas após o término da braquiterapia, prosseguindo por mais de 36 meses e sem interrupção de uso, três vezes por semana, uma vez ao dia, de 10 a 15 minutos. Conclusão: Majoritariamente, os serviços de radioterapia do Brasil que realizam braquiterapia e que participaram do estudo fornecem às pacientes orientações sobre prevenção de estenose vaginal, sendo o uso de dilatadores vaginais a medida mais utilizada, além de estímulo à atividade sexual com penetração, uso de soluções tópicas e fisioterapia pélvica.
El estrés en el corredor de Ultra-Trail
Authors: R. Ceberio Marcelo , Tamara Rodriguez Sabina
Published: June 2024

El estudio de las neurociencias deja entrever que potenciar la mente de un deportista, es más efectivo que enseñar prácticas físicas, técnicas e introducir hábitos o modificar creencias. Pero, ¿qué sucede cuando un deportista, específicamente un corredor de Ultra-Trail, percibe una situación como amenazante? Ya sea, que interprete la noche anterior que la distancia escogida sobrepasa sus límites o se encuentre en la manga de largada a la espera de iniciar su competencia repasando mentalmente todo lo que le faltó entrenar. Como mecanismo psicológico, está interpretando que no posee los recursos necesarios para afrontar esa situación, identificándola entonces, como amenazante, lo que disparará un proceso de estrés. Sin embargo, hay que destacar que el estrés no siempre es una desventaja para el corredor de Ultra-Trail. En el presente artículo se ahondará en los aportes que realizan las neurociencias a la articulación entre el estrés y sus ventajas, el momento en que se convierte en un perjuicio para el corredor de Ultra-Trail y algunos abordajes posibles.
Tinjauan Kaidah Fiqih Ju’alah dan Maisyir
Authors: Rahmah Kusuma Nurul , Januri Fauzan , Muharni Yusraini
Published: June 2024

Islamic teachings emphasize that all economic activities are based on sharia principles, which contain the muamalah principle that the substance of the meaning contained therein and the goals to be achieved end up in the goal of maqasid sharia and the benefit of the ummah. Fiqh rules are the basis related to legal issues, so they can detail fiqh problems in society, including ju'alah and maisyir which are often encountered due to technological developments and societal habits. The purpose of this research is to review the rules of ju'alah and maisyir fiqh. The research method used is to use a qualitative research method in the form of a literature study sourced from secondary data by reviewing various literature, such as books, articles and various kinds of relevant library materials. The results of this research are that the rules of fiqh, in the form of Qawa'id Al-Kulliyah, Qawa'id Al-Asasiyah, and Qawa'id furu' play a very important role in detailing problems related to ju'alah and maisy, so that people will be wiser in applying materials to provide solutions to various differences of opinion among ulama.
РОЛЬ ДИПЛОМАТІЇ ІРЛАНДСЬКОЇ ДІАСПОРИ США У МИРНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ В ПІВНІЧНІЙ ІРЛАНДІЇ
Authors: МАРУСИНЕЦЬ Маріанна
Published: June 2024

У статті проведено дослідження ролі діаспоральної дипломатії ірландської діаспори США у врегулюванні північноірландського конфлікту. Актуалізовано, що діаспори, є впливовими акторами на світовій політичні арені і можуть грати суттєву роль у підтриманні мирного процесу на історичній батьківщині. Виходячи з актуальності основна мета даного дослідження полягає у визначенні механізмів залучення ірландської діаспори у мирне врегулювання північноірландського конфлікту. Північноірландський конфлікт ілюструє можливість залучення потенціалу діаспори і механізмів діаспоральної дипломатії, які можуть бути використані діаспорою з метою впливу на миротворчий процес. Показано, що історично складні відносини між Великобританією та Ірландією вплинули на ірландську діаспору США, а також на її діяльність. Аргументовано, що велика і впливова ірландська діаспора США стала розглядатися ірландськими політиками як ресурс, який можна використовувати для досягнення дипломатичних цілей Ірландії. Складна модель взаємодії між ірландськими націоналістичними політиками, ірландсько-американською діаспорою, критично налаштованими ірландсько-американськими політиками та урядом США демонструє, що участь діаспори може сприяти миру, навіть якщо це суперечить історичним дипломатичним відносинам та кидає їм виклик. Доведено, що діаспорні організації здатні надавати як фінансову допомогу, так й потужну політичну підтримку. Аргументована позиція політиків Ірландії сприяла зміні підходів та стратегії американської діаспори щодо конфлікту у Північній Ірландії. Нова стратегія створила можливості залучення США у мирний процес у якості посередника, що стало ключовим чинником у трансформації конфлікту. У цьому процесі важливу роль відіграли ірландські діаспорні структури та проірландське лобі США. Аргументовано, що в умовах глобалізації, трансформації міжнародного порядку та системи міжнародних відносин трансформуються і відносини між ірландськими лідерами, ірландсько-американською діаспорою, ірландсько-американськими політичними елітами та американською дипломатією. Тому, особливого значення набувають транснаціональні мережі захисту інтересів, що пов’язані з ірландською діаспорою, та їх вплив на американську дипломатію. Доведено, що в умовах глобальних трансформацій країнам слід зосередитись на спілкуванні та співпраці між великою кількістю учасників діаспоральної дипломатії. Загальна культура та діяльність міністерств закордонних справ мають бути наповнені довірою, відкритістю та прозорістю. Центральне місце в «новій дипломатії» займає ідея про те, що громадяни відіграють помітнішу роль, ніж раніше, що також поширюється і на діаспори.
Efecto del valor percibido funcional sobre la intención de compra en el comercio minorista
Authors: Martinez Riaño Fernando , Ortegón Cortázar Leonardo
Published: June 2024

En el ámbito del comercio minorista, el análisis del valor percibido en el proceso de compra ha sido objeto de especial interés por enfocarse en la percepción de beneficios que van más allá del producto en sí. Ante tal interés, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre su concepto y componentes aplicado a establecimientos minoristas. La metodología es cuantitativa y transversal, con un análisis descriptivo y explicativo a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar el efecto de las dimensiones del valor percibido en la variable dependiente de la intención de compra. Se aplicaron encuestas a 390 a clientes habituales de comercios minoristas en Bogotá. Los resultados revelaron que el valor funcional tiene un efecto positivo en la intención de compra; y existe una relación entre el valor funcional y el valor simbólico de la compra. Se discuten las implicaciones de la gestión en el ámbito del marketing, centrándose en el valor funcional de la compra. Se sugieren acciones relacionadas con la calidad, la comunicación, la capacitación de los empleados y el servicio al cliente. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la literatura sobre el comportamiento del consumidor en el contexto del consumo, al comparar el valor funcional y el valor simbólico.
INTEGRATION OF SMART CITY PRINCIPLES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY INNOVATIONS IN THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL UNITS
Authors:   Sumy State University, Matvieieva Yuliia , Zaporozhets Hanna ,   Kharkiv National University of Urban Economy named after O.M. Beketova, Korneyev Maxim ,   University of Customs and Finance, Opanasiuk Yuliia ,   Sumy State Universit, Kovalenko Yevhen ,   Sumy State Universit
Published: June 2024

The article explores the possibilities and challenges of integrating Smart City principles and energy innovations into the post-war reconstruction process of administrative-territorial units. In today's world, where environmental pollution and efficient use of energy resources are becoming increasingly critical, implementing energy-efficient projects in urban development has become necessary for community development. One of the essential aspects of successfully implementing energy-efficient projects is their integration into the city's strategic planning. To address challenges such as financial constraints and technical difficulties, implementing energy-efficient projects will bring numerous benefits, including emission reduction, energy consumption reduction, and improvement of urban environment quality. Since many urban amenities in Ukraine having suffered damage during the war, there is an increased opportunity for the restoration of progressive and modern spaces using advanced technologies. This new stage of reconstruction includes adopting innovative approaches, such as using alternative energy sources, implementing energy-saving systems, introducing Smart City principles, greening territories, and more. This opens up opportunities for creating modern, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient spaces that improve the quality of life and restore administrative-territorial units' infrastructure. The article explores key concepts such as smart technologies, energy efficiency, and sustainable development while presenting the fundamental principles and mechanisms for implementing these principles in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Utilizing the case-study method, the article highlights the best practices for implementing Smart City principles worldwide. Additionally, the authors examine the advantages and obstacles associated with adopting these principles.
DEFINING STRATEGIC INVESTMENT PRIORITIES IN BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Authors:   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Le Yan
Published: June 2024

This paper underscores the role and position of investment activity within the framework of strategic enterprise management. It explores the economic essence and distinct characteristics of the investment process, which encompasses the issuance and accumulation of production resources as investment goods and services. It is argued that the investment process at an enterprise can be viewed from two perspectives: as a complex of potential alternative investment decisions based on available financial resources and the capability to attract additional funds (implemented through the development of the enterprise's investment policy strategy); and from the standpoint of each specific investment decision (the rationale and specific investment projects). The paper provides comprehensive recommendations that cover all aspects of the investment process to enhance the methodological support for selecting strategic investment priorities to ensure the enterprise's sustainable development. Distinctive features of financial and investment resources in the system of resource provision for enterprise development when forming an investment development strategy are highlighted. A matrix for defining the plan's priorities for investment provision of enterprise development is developed. It is substantiated that investment risk depends on numerous factors that directly influence the choice of investment strategy. To generalize the impact of these factors, a rating indicator is proposed, which considers the characteristics of investment attractiveness and the level of investment risk. The composition of attributes for assessing the investment attractiveness of the enterprise is justified, including the state of critical factors determining investment efficiency: technical-technological base of production; level of resource availability and efficiency of their use; economic parameters of business activity and financial condition of the enterprise; market demand dynamics and competitive intensity on the target market; level of management organization. Recommendations are provided for determining investment risk based on a summary of quantitative assessments of a complex of dangers and threats that are individual to each investment process participant.
MANAGING CATTLE SLAUGHTER AGE FACTORS FOR BEEF PRODUCTION GROWTH IN UKRAINE
Authors:   National Scientific Centre ", Kostiuk Roman ,   Institute of Agrarian Economic
Published: June 2024

The article examines influence of optimizing catle slaughter age for the beef production’s economic efficiency. The state of development of specialized meat cattle breeds is considered, as well as the neccessity to use scientifically based and nutritionally balanced fodder in combination with cattle grazing on pastures. Production cost issues are studied, since this is the main competitive advantage in the meat market. The analysis and justification of the slaughter age optimization of livestock was performed.
SEPARATE ASPECTS OF SECURITY ENSURING IN PENITENTIARY INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service,  Chernihiv, Ukraine, Bodnar I.V. , Kondratov D.Yu. ,   Kharkiv Regional Military Administration,  Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kyrienko A.I. ,   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service,  Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the necessity of implementing admitted by the world community and enshrined in relevant international documents principles and norms of dynamic security as one of the forms of ensuring the security of penitentiary institutions and its implementation into the national legislation of Ukraine. In particular, the main aspects of comprehensive application of principles and forms of physical, procedural, and dynamic security are defined with the aim of transitioning from a punitive method of dealing with convicts to a rehabilitative one. The authors believe that during the study of these issues, it is necessary to outline the following questions: regarding physical security, it is a matter concerning modern approaches to equipping penitentiary institutions, modernization of perimeter security systems and other electronic security systems, physical barriers, means for localization and isolation, access control systems, means of identification and verification of people, video surveillance systems, the use of metal detectors, X-ray machines, and other detection devices; regarding procedural security, it is a matter concerning the regime as the main means of educational influence on convicts, especially related to the study of world practice regarding the organization of admission regime, search work, application of incentive and punitive measures, actions of personnel in case of emergencies while respecting the rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of convicts; regarding dynamic security, it is a matter related to the introduction into the activities of penitentiary institution personnel of its principles and approaches in working with convicts, establishing trustful and positive relationships with them, forming interpersonal skills in personnel, and their training to resist manipulation by convicts, and so on. Key words: Penitentiary system, State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine, penitentiary institution, correctional colony, pre-trial detention center, security, physical, procedural, and dynamic security, convict, correction and resocialization, labor, convict labor, labor relations, ordinary and managerial personnel, discipline, responsibility, selection, conditions and terms of service.
INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE EUROPEAN AND INTER-AMERICAN PROTECTION SYSTEM OF HUMAN RIGHTS: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Penitentiary Academy of Ukraine,  Chernihiv, Ukraine, Rebkalo M.M. , Oliinyk V.S. ,   Penitentiary Academy of Ukraine, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Institutional accoding to normative framework adopted by international organizations established on the European and American continents. In addition, in Europe it is supplemented by the European Union Acts. Both systems have judicial and extrajudicial human rights protection mechanisms. The key judicial bodies are the European and Inter-American Courts for the Protection of Human Rights. Courts perform jurisdictional, advisory and preventive functions. They are authorized to decide both interstate complaints and individual petitions. An indicative criterion for the effectiveness of the work of the European and Inter-American Courts is the implementation of their decisions by the member states of the Council of Europe and the Organization of American States. The extrajudicial mechanism for the protection of human rights is implemented by convention bodies that are present in both systems and ensure the protection of certain categories of persons (convicts, women, children), namely: the Commissioner for Human Rights (Europe) and the Inter-American Commission for the Protection of Human Rights (North and South America ). The Agency for Fundamental Rights, which promotes the realization of human rights and freedoms (European Union), operates on the territory of Europe. The article states that the complaint review procedure has its own peculiarities. In Europe, the European Court of Human Rights is the main body for reviewing complaints. On the American continent, the complaints are first examined by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and then the latter can refer them to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, i.e. a two-level system of human rights protection is provided. On the basis of the given analysis of the theoretical material, conclusions were formulated, which set out the common and distinctive features inherent in the institutional system of human rights protection in the member states of the Council of Europe and the Organization of American States. Key words: European system, American system, institutional system, international conventions, human rights, protection of human rights, protection procedure.
ENSURING LABOR RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES DURING THE PERIOD OF THE LEGAL REGIME OF MARTIAL LAW
Authors:   Penitentiary Academy of Ukraine,  Chernihiv, Ukraine, Tsesarskyi F.A.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the characteristics of ensuring the rights of employees during the period of the legal regime of martial law. It has been established that the system of guarantees for ensuring the rights of employees and citizens in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law has undergone changes in relation to a set of objective and subjective factors, which are aimed at the practical implementation of universally recognized labor rights, respectively. Attention is drawn to the fact that the current legislation of Ukraine provides for a general procedure for ensuring the labor rights of employees during the period of the legal regime of martial law. Special regulations regarding the provision of labor rights refer to labor obligation as a type of short-term labor obligation. It is noted that the normative predictability of the guarantee of the rights of persons involved in compulsory labor testifies to the consideration of the interests and rights of the person both during the period of the legal regime of martial law and after its termination, an argument in favor of the stated thesis will be the existing normatively detailed procedure for involvement in labor duty at the level of a sub-legal normative act. The signs of a special labor obligation in the form of labor obligation are singled out, namely: 1) expression through the use of socially useful works, which must be performed within the framework of the introduced labor obligation; 2) initiation by military command and/or military administrations (if they are formed) through the adoption of a decision in the form of an act of the relevant military administration or military command; 3) the decision on labor obligation must include mandatory components; 4) the acquisition of a special labor obligation is associated with the absence of an opportunity for an able-bodied person to be drafted for military service, who, due to age and health, has no restrictions to work under martial law; 5) will not apply to the legally defined categories of able-bodied persons; 6) confirmation of a specific employment obligation for a specific person is reflected in a fixed-term employment contract; 7) the person to whom the labor obligation has been applied for the duration of the work is guaranteed to retain the previous place of work (position), etc. Key words: labor rights, legal regime, limitations of labor rights, labor contract, labor obligation.
ANALYSIS OF THE LABOR COMPENSATION OF PRISONERS OF WAR IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Department on Issues of  Execution of Criminal Punishments,  Kyiv, Ukraine, Halai A.O. , Sikun A.M. ,   Department on Issues of  Execution of Criminal Punishments,  Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

The article examines the issue of compensation of prisoners of war currently held in Ukraine. It is noted that 75 years have passed since the adoption of the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, and some of its provisions are now outdated or irrelevant. One of these norms is the amount of compensation for the labour of prisoners of war. Since there is some debate about the criterion of fairness today, the authors analyse the purchasing power of the Swiss franc in 1949 versus 2024 and provide a conclusion on this issue. Key words: prisoners of war, labour, labour compensation, labour relations, employment, State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine, International Committee of the Red Cross, international humanitarian law, Geneva Convention, legal status, prisoner of war camps, prisoner of war detention centres.
ДЕЯКІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЦЕНТРІВ ОБРОБКИ ДАНИХ
Authors: Чанишев Р. І.
Published: June 2024

У статті аналізуються проблеми, пов’язані з розвитком інформаційних технологій – хмарних обчислень і систем штучного інтелекту, який призвів до масового будівництва центрів обробки даних (далі – ЦОД) та появи пов’язаних із цим соціально-економічних та екологічних проблем, як-то: проблеми з нестачею електроенергії для центрів обробки даних (data centre) і нерівномірним розподілом її ресурсів, проблема з нестерпним для людської психіки шумом, створюваним системами охолодження таких центрів, вичерпанням водних ресурсів, необхідних для охолодження дата-центрів та ін. Зазначені проблеми, з огляду на їхню новизну, не знайшли поки що належного розв’язання і практично не були досліджені в наукових працях. Розглядаються проблеми організації, проєктування та будівництва ЦОД, зокрема й правові, та пов’язані з цим соціальні, економічні та екологічні проблеми. Відзначається, що наявні складнощі та проблеми, що виникли, пов’язані з тим, що місцева влада не змогла оцінити можливі проблеми з експлуатацією ЦОД і видала дозволи на їхнє будівництво, прагнучи отримати фінансову вигоду для економіки регіону. Наголошується на необхідності невідкладного розроблення комплексу заходів, зокрема й правових, для вирішення і запобігання соціально-економічних та екологічних проблем, які вже явно намітилися, оскільки вже в найближчому майбутньому кількість і потужності центрів обробки даних зростуть на порядок.
Preparation and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide (TiO ) Thin Films Prepared By Spin Coating Method 2
Authors: J. hassan Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Transparent semiconducting thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) were deposited on glass substrates by spincoating technique and with thickness was in order of 150 ± 5 nm . The XRD analysis reveals that the films arepolycrystalline with an anatase crystal structure and a preferred grain orientation in the (101) direction. The opticalproperties of the films were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry, which shows that the films are highlytransparent in the visible and near infrared , with an average value above (99 %), with energy gape (3.79 e.v ). Thedependence of the refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), and absorption coefficient (α) of the films on thewavelength was investigated.
Isolation and identification of bacterial contamination of raw meat in Thi-Qar province
Authors: Jarullah Basim
Published: June 2024

Meat considers a favorite environment for bacterial growth due to rich composition with protein, fats, minerals,vitamins and other essential materials requirements for microorganism growth. Study concluded isolation and bacterial account of meat in Thiqar city markets. Study extends from November2014- March 2015. Thirty samples of meat 10 from beef meat, 10 from sheep and 10 from poultry meat). Bacterial account shown that the highest contamination of meat samples found in sheep meat 16*106 CUF/g (more than standard parameters of healthy suitable meat for human consumption) while the lowest bacterial account found in poultry meat 93*102 CUF/g. Isolation and identification of bacteria by morphological, differential media, biochemical tests and Gram stain results showed that prodomenet bacteria were E.coli, Klebseilla, Staphylococcus aureas, Shegilla, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter, Proteus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas spp. and streptococcus spp. The predominant bacteria was E. coli about 35% in all samples, Followed by staphylococcus spp. 25%. Salmonella spp.1.2% isolated only from chicken meat samples.
Effect of Textile Factory effluents upon concentrations of Some Trace Elements in Water of the Euphrates River at the center of Al-Nasiriyah city Southern Iraq
Authors: Ojs_admin
Published: June 2024

The present study deal with the effect of the effluents from of Textile Factory, in concentrations of six traceelements ( Cadmium, copper, Nickel, Lead, Zinc, and Manganese) in water of Euphrates river at the center of Al-Nasiriyah south of Iraq. Five stations have been chosen, two of them where are located at the Textile Factory in AL-Nasiriyah, and three of these are located at the Euphrates river at the city center. That that samples were collected monthly as triplicates from each station and expressed seasonally, for the period from Autumn 2013 until Summer of 2014 . Trace elements are extracted by a standard method and measured by using flamed atomic absorption spectrophotometer . The mean of total concentration were ( Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, Zinc, and Magnesium) in the dissolved phase of water were (2.60, 1.88, 6.32, 13.15, 13.87, 13.30) µg / L , respectively. But its concentration in the suspended phase in water were ( 21.13 , 52.31, 1222.67, 947.12, 1298.32, 269.30) µg / gm dry weight, respectively.This study shows up that Zinc elements was in more than concentration of there trace elements under study in the dissolved and suspended phases of the studied stations. But , it is found under the permitted limits according to the international and Iraqi limitations, while the lead in dissolved phase more than the permitted limitation according to the Iraqi qualifications No(417) in 2001 and internationally according the World Health Organization in (1996 and 2006) and the Canadian Limitations in 2003.
HbA1c as indicator for dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular and atherosclerotic events in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Alyasiri Haider
Published: June 2024

HbA1c is well known indicator for control of DM. We try in this study to discuss the relationshipbetween HbA1c level and some atherosclerotic events and S. lipid abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome.Patients and methods: 226pts involved in this study. Metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2001) that was modified at 2004 , cross-sectional study performed in diabetes and endocrine center between 2008-2011. Parameters like Sex, races, age, job, residency, smoking had been taken into consideration , HbA1c was measured by immunoturbidimetric assay with a Cobra Integra 800 automatic analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) with a reference value of 4.4–6.0%. Conclusion: close relationship was found between HbA1c and hypertension, s.cholestrol, s. triglyceride, HDL, s.VLDL, and LDL and Increasing level of HbA1c was associated with increasing level of s. lipids, cardiovascular riskfactors and severity of metabolic syndrome.
Genotyping of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Clinical and Hospitals Environment
Authors: Abd ALameer Rana
Published: June 2024

Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains are known to cause intestinal and extraintestinal infections in human. A wide variety of infectious diseases could be caused by E. coli strains, including urinary tract infection, septicemia, newborn meningitis, central nervous system and respiratory system infections.Several bacterial agents can cause diarrheal and urinary tract infections, among these E.coli strains are detected as an important cause of morbidity and mortality of diarrhoea and UTI throughout the world.A total of 318 samples were collected during the period from September 2012 to march 2013 .All specimens were screened for the presence of E. coli by cultured on MacConkey agar and Eosin-methylene blue agar then identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by API 20E system which revealed that:90/318(28.33%) gave positive growth for E.coli )15 (16.63%) environmental isolates and 75(83.33%) clinical isolates( as fallowing:1/42(2.38%)was obtained from burns,7/25(28%)from High vaginal swabs ,11/41 (26.82%) from Wounds infections,18/33(54.54%)from Diarrheal infections and38/67(56.71 %)from Urinary tract infections, while 15/110 (13.63%) from environmental isolates, The isolated were subjected to molecular identification as E.coli by used the intergenic spacer region primer(ITS). The confirmed isolates were examined to detect the phylogenetic group based on triplex PCR by using a combination of two genes (chuA and yjaA) and an anonymous DNA fragment.Universal primers (ITS) indicated that all isolates 90(100%) gave positive results.The phylogenetic analysis revealed that 90 E.coli isolates belonged to three phylogenetic groups A &D 36(40%)for each, while B2 18 (20%) and no one isolates belong to B1 phylogenetic types .
Study of outbreak of pneumonia in AL-Nasiriya city in 2015
Authors: Hlaihel Abbas
Published: June 2024

A retrospective study of 92 patients admitted to AL-Hussein teaching hospital diagnosed with pneumonia inwinter 2015 and 60 patients admitted in winter 2014 with pneumonia as control group. The age, sex and outcome [death or well] are recorded for each patients for both group, The presenting symptom for each patient in outbreak 2015 are recorded. Severity of pneumonia is assessed by CURB-65 and recorded for each patient, x-ray finding are recorded to patients in outbreak in2015 with result of sputum exam for gram stain and viral PCR in selected patients. Male to female ratio is 1:1 in outbreak of 2015 while it 0.6:1 in 2014 with significant difference between two groups and no sex difference in each group,The sex is not a risk factor for pneumonia except liogenella infection which more common in male. Severity of pneumonia is assessed by CURB-65 and result in 21 patients have score 3 and above [22%] and 10 have score 0 and 26 have score 1and 22[23%] patient have score 2.According to CURB-65 score ;36 patients no need to admission to hospital but other factor like co-morbid disease, for close up the compliance and response to treatment, and 22% have severe pneumonia need ICU admission and close monitoring.X-ray finding results in 40 patients show lobar consolidation, 22 patients showed bronchopneumonia pattern and 30 patients show diffuse interstitial infiltrate. Lobar opacity usually indicate bacterial infection while diffuse interstitial infiltrate usually nonbacterial mostly viral infection.
Autoeficacia para autorregular el estudio, salud mental y variables sociodemográficas en estudiantes ecuatorianos durante COVID-19
Authors:   Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Sáez-Delgado Fabiola , Mella-Norambuena Javier ,   Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, León-Ron Verónica ,   Universidad Técnica del Norte, López-Angulo Yaranay ,   Universidad de Concepción, Sandoval-Henríquez Francisco ,   Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
Published: June 2024

La investigación ha mostrado especial interés en variables académicas, sociodemográficas y salud mental de estudiantes durante la Pandemia COVID-19 por los drásticos cambios que la emergencia sanitaria ha provocado en la Educación Superior. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y explorar las relaciones entre la autoeficacia para autorregular el estudio, las variables de salud mental y las condiciones sociodemográficas de los estudiantes. La muestra fue no probabilística, compuesta por 534 universitarios de Ecuador. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo, correlacional, transversal. Los instrumentos aplicados tenían evidencia de validez y confiabilidad; se aplicaron a través de la herramienta SurveyMonkey. Los resultados mostraron depresión leve, estrés moderado, ansiedad severa y autoeficacia en niveles insuficientes. Se identificaron relaciones significativas entre las variables de salud mental y autoeficacia. Se encontraron diferencias en los grupos por sexo, disponibilidad de materiales y vinculación, trabajo y estudio, variación de ingresos durante la pandemia y según área de conocimiento. Se sugiere utilizar estos resultados para el desarrollo de intervenciones psicoeducativas que busquen mejorar la salud mental y la autoeficacia de los estudiantes universitarios durante la emergencia sanitaria.
Autoevaluación y evaluación de habilidades de investigación en alumnado de psicología
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, López-Alonso Verónica Elsa , López-Aguila Xóchitl ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Torres-Velázquez Laura Evelia , Cortés-Moreno Assol ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Guerra-García Jorge ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: June 2024

Investigaciones previas han demostrado deficiencias en la formación de investigadores en las universidades de América Latina. Por tanto, el interés de este trabajo fue analizar la autoevaluación de los estudiantes en la licenciatura en psicología, acerca de sus habilidades de investigación cuando ingresan al ámbito de investigación de la tradición Conductual, Cognitivo-Conductual e Interconductual, y contrastar con la evaluación de conocimientos básicos de metodología y estadística. Esta investigación es de tipo no experimental, transversal y descriptiva. Participaron voluntariamente 82 estudiantes, se elaboró un cuestionario con 15 preguntas autoevaluativas y 21 de conocimientos. La aplicación del instrumento se realizó a través del software formularios de Google. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Como resultado, se encontró que los estudiantes perciben que tienen habilidades suficientes para realizar investigación, pero la evaluación de conocimientos indica que sólo tienen conocimientos iniciales de metodología y estadística al ingresar a las prácticas. Se concluye que la mayoría de los estudiantes se perciben con habilidades suficientes para realizar investigación. Tienen memorizados algunos conceptos básicos, pero no han desarrollado pensamiento crítico, ni se han formado como responsables de su propio aprendizaje.