bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commemorating alternative organizations and marginalized spaces: The case of forgotten Finntowns
Authors: Rodgers Diane M. , Petersen Jessica , Sanderson Jill
Published: December 2015

Alternative organizations have become increasingly of interest in organizational theory. Previously understudied, these organizations have also been ignored or forgotten in the dominant narratives and spaces of commemoration. This further limits what we know about the past and the potential of alternative organizations. To illustrate this problem, we offer a specific case study of the forgotten alternative organizations and marginalized space of a former Finntown alongside the commemorative narratives and practices of capitalist entrepreneur heritage spaces. Extending organization theory on memory and forgetting, we detail how commemoration not only tends to legitimate capitalist forms of organizing, but also excludes alternatives. Finntowns, with their emphasis on cooperative organizations and community, provide a unique opportunity for organization studies to explore commemoration and forgetting in terms of power relations, time, and space. These marginalized spaces contained alternative organizations coexisting and contrasting with dominant capitalist organizations. Remembering their contributions means taking alternative organizations seriously, acknowledging their historic importance as well as their ability to be models for contemporary organizations.
Spaces and places of remembering and commemoration
Authors: Cutcher Leanne , Dale Karen , Hancock Philip , Tyler Melissa
Published: December 2015

Organisations engage in remembering and commemorative practices, often to produce effects of stability and continuity and to create shared meanings and culture, yet commemoration has been a relatively neglected theme in the study of organisations. The articles in this Special Issue range across diverse examples to provide a rich understanding of the dynamic and complex processes involved in the organisation of commemoration. In particular, they illustrate the importance of paying attention to materialities, spatiality and embodiment in the lived experience of practices of remembering.
The potential utility of tight junction regulation in celiac disease: focus on larazotide acetate
Authors: Khaleghi Shahryar , Ju Josephine M. , Lamba Abhinav , Murray Joseph A.
Published: December 2015

Celiac disease (CD) is a common chronic immune disease triggered by gluten. Gliadin peptides pass through the epithelial layers, either paracellularly or transcellularly, to launch a potent adaptive immune response in the lamina propria. This aberrant immune response leads to diverse gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal symptoms. Currently, the only treatment for CD is a strict lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), which can be challenging. An early effect of gluten in CD is an increase in gut permeability. Larazotide acetate, also known as AT-1001, is a synthetic peptide developed as a permeability regulator primarily targeting CD. In vitro studies indicate that larazotide acetate is capable of inhibiting the actin rearrangement caused by gliadin and clinical studies have been conducted using this peptide as a therapy for CD.
Pharmacologic resistance in colorectal cancer: a review
Authors: Hammond William A. , Swaika Abhisek , Mody Kabir
Published: December 2015

Colorectal cancer (CRC) persists as one of the most prevalent and deadly tumor types in both men and women worldwide. This is in spite of widespread, effective measures of preventive screening, and also major advances in treatment options. Despite advances in cytotoxic and targeted therapy, resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the greatest challenges in long-term management of incurable metastatic disease and eventually contributes to death as tumors accumulate means of evading treatment. We performed a comprehensive literature search on the data available through PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and the ASCO Annual Symposium abstracts through June 2015 for the purpose of this review. We discuss the current state of knowledge of clinically relevant mechanisms of resistance to cytotoxic and targeted therapies now in use for the treatment of CRC.
Novel cancer antigens for personalized immunotherapies: latest evidence and clinical potential
Authors: Wurz Gregory T. , Kao Chiao-Jung , DeGregorio Michael W.
Published: December 2015

The clinical success of monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint modulators such as ipilimumab, which targets cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and the recently approved agents nivolumab and pembrolizumab, which target programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1), has stimulated renewed enthusiasm for anticancer immunotherapy, which was heralded by Science as ‘Breakthrough of the Year’ in 2013. As the potential of cancer immunotherapy has been recognized since the 1890s when William Coley showed that bacterial products could be beneficial in cancer patients, leveraging the immune system in the treatment of cancer is certainly not a new concept; however, earlier attempts to develop effective therapeutic vaccines and antibodies against solid tumors, for example, melanoma, frequently met with failure due in part to self-tolerance and the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Increased knowledge of the mechanisms through which cancer evades the immune system and the identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and negative immune checkpoint regulators have led to the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific tumor antigens and immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. This review first discusses the established targets of currently approved cancer immunotherapies and then focuses on investigational cancer antigens and their clinical potential. Because of the highly heterogeneous nature of tumors, effective anticancer immunotherapy-based treatment regimens will likely require a personalized combination of therapeutic vaccines, antibodies and chemotherapy that fit the specific biology of a patient’s disease.
Combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors for melanoma: latest evidence and place in therapy
Authors: Eroglu Zeynep , Ribas Antoni
Published: December 2015

Treatment with BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib or dabrafenib in patients with advanced BRAFV600 mutated melanoma has shown objective tumor responses in approximately half of the patients. However, the duration of responses is limited in a majority of these patients, with progression-free survival rates around 6 months due to tumor progression from development of acquired resistance. Preclinical studies have suggested that concurrent inhibition of the BRAF kinases and MEK of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway could decrease MAPK-driven acquired resistance, resulting in longer duration of responses, higher rate of tumor responses, and a decrease in the cutaneous toxicities observed from paradoxical MAPK pathway activation with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. This review provides an overview of the currently available clinical trial data on BRAF and MEK inhibitors together and in combinations with other therapeutic agents.
ALK inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: the latest evidence and developments
Authors: Sullivan Ivana , Planchard David
Published: December 2015

The treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring chromosomal rearrangements of ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) was revolutionized by crizotinib, a small molecule inhibitor of ALK, ROS1 and MET. Unfortunately, the disease progressed within the first 12 months in most of the patients because of the development of crizotinib resistance in the majority of patients and the emergence of acquired resistance mutations in most of them. Many of them had been reported even before its approval leading to the rapid development of second-generation ALK inhibitors for crizotinib-resistant NSCLC. In the last few years, novel potent ALK inhibitors with promising results and a good toxicity profile have become available: ceritinib (LDK378), alectinib (RG7853/AF-802/RO5424802/CH5424802), brigatinib (AP26113), entrectinib (RXDX-101, NMS-E628), PF-06463922, ASP3026, TSR-011, X-376/X-396 and CEP-28122/CEP-37440. Moreover, HSP90 (90 kDa heat shock protein) inhibitors have demonstrated clinical activity in patients with ALK+ NSCLC. This review focuses on the molecular and clinical properties of this new generation of ALK inhibitors under development in the clinic.
Postmastectomy radiation therapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: review and interpretation of available data
Authors: Kishan Amar U. , McCloskey Susan A.
Published: December 2015

Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) has been shown to decrease locoregional recurrence and improve overall survival in patients with tumors greater than 5 cm or positive nodes. Because neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can cause significant downstaging, the indications for PMRT in the setting of NAC remain controversial and thus careful consideration of clinical stage at presentation, pathologic response to NAC, and other clinical characteristics, such as grade and biomarker status is required. The current review synthesizes both prospective and retrospective data to provide evidence for recommending PMRT after NAC for patients presenting with cT3–4 disease, cN2–3 disease, and residual nodal disease, as well as rationale for omitting PMRT in patients with cT1-2N0-1 disease who achieve a pathologic complete response. Other scenarios, including nodal complete response in the presence of other risk factors, are also explored. The topics of pre-NAC clinical staging and pathologic axillary nodal staging are reviewed, and radiation portal design is briefly discussed.
Induction of WT1-specific human CD8+ T cells from human HSCs in HLA class I Tg NOD/SCID/IL2rgKO mice
Authors: Najima Yuho , Tomizawa-Murasawa Mariko , Saito Yoriko , Watanabe Takashi , Ono Rintaro , Ochi Toshiki , Suzuki Nahoko , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Ohara Osamu , Shultz Leonard D. , Yasukawa Masaki , Ishikawa Fumihiko
Published: December 2015

Key Points

Vaccination using WT1 peptides and dendritic cells induced WT1-specific human CTLs in vivo in HLA class I Tg NSG mice. Human HSCs transduced with human TCR genes generated HLA class I–restricted, WT1-specific CTLs in vivo.
Targetable genetic features of primary testicular and primary central nervous system lymphomas
Authors: Chapuy Bjoern , Roemer Margaretha G. M. , Stewart Chip , Tan Yuxiang , Abo Ryan P. , Zhang Liye , Dunford Andrew J. , Meredith David M. , Thorner Aaron R. , Jordanova Ekaterina S. , Liu Gang , Feuerhake Friedrich , Ducar Matthew D. , Illerhaus Gerald , Gusenleitner Daniel , Linden Erica A. , Sun Heather H. , Homer Heather , Aono Miyuki , Pinkus Geraldine S. , Ligon Azra H. , Ligon Keith L. , Ferry Judith A. , Freeman Gordon J. , van Hummelen Paul , Golub Todd R. , Getz Gad , Rodig Scott J. , de Jong Daphne , Monti Stefano , Shipp Margaret A.
Published: December 2015

Key Points

PCNSLs and PTLs have a defining genetic signature that differs from other LBCLs and suggests rational targeted therapies. PCNSLs and PTLs frequently exhibit 9p24.1/PD-L1/PD-L2 copy number alterations and translocations, likely genetic bases of immune evasion.
Satellite-aided survey sampling and implementation in low- and middle-income contexts: a low-cost/low-tech alternative
Authors: Haenssgen Marco J.
Published: December 2015

Background

The increasing availability of online maps, satellite imagery, and digital technology can ease common constraints of survey sampling in low- and middle-income countries. However, existing approaches require specialised software and user skills, professional GPS equipment, and/or commercial data sources; they tend to neglect spatial sampling considerations when using satellite maps; and they continue to face implementation challenges analogous to conventional survey implementation methods. This paper presents an alternative way of utilising satellite maps and digital aides that aims to address these challenges.

Results

The case studies of two rural household surveys in Rajasthan (India) and Gansu (China) compare conventional survey sampling and implementation techniques with the use of online map services such as Google, Bing, and HERE maps. Modern yet basic digital technology can be integrated into the processes of preparing, implementing, and monitoring a rural household survey. Satellite-aided systematic random sampling enhanced the spatial representativeness of the village samples and entailed savings of approximately £4000 compared to conventional household listing, while reducing the duration of the main survey by at least 25 %.

Conclusion

This low-cost/low-tech satellite-aided survey sampling approach can be useful for student researchers and resource-constrained research projects operating in low- and middle-income contexts with high survey implementation costs. While achieving transparent and efficient survey implementation at low costs, researchers aiming to adopt a similar process should be aware of the locational, technical, and logistical requirements as well as the methodological challenges of this strategy.
Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey
Authors: Arı Süleyman , Temel Mehmet , Kargıoğlu Mustafa , Konuk Muhsin
Published: December 2015

Background

The traditional knowledge about plants and their uses in Turkey is disappearing in recent years because the new generations of villagers migrate to big cities for a better life. Afyonkarahisar located at the intersection of roads and phytogeographical regions (Mediterranean, Iran-Turan, and Euro-Siberian) has more than 2500 plant species. This richness of plant diversity promotes the indigenous commuity for the traditional use of wild plants. The aim of the study is to show wild plants’ ethnobotanical usages associated with medicinal, food, fodder, and household goods in 31 settlements within the boundaries of Afyonkarahisar province.

Methods

The ethnobotanical data were collected from 46 informants by means of semi-structured interviews from 2012 to 2014. Ethnobotanical uses of plants of the study area were conducted in the vicinity of Afyonkarahisar (5 districts, 8 towns, 15 villages, and 3 neighborhood centers).

Results

One hundred and thirty plant taxa belonging to 39 families were recorded and collected. Hundred and seventy-eight different uses of these plants were documented and used generally for medicinal (84), food (68), fodder (16), household goods (3), dyes (3), handicrafts (3) and religious (1).

Conclusion

This study provides interesting uses of plants in the local community of Afyonkarahisar and its surrounding area, in what purpose they make use of plants, how they make use of them and obtained results will contribute to economy of villagers. Since the local people, especially in villages, are poor and do not have health care, they use the plants to treat illnesses, food, fodder, household goods and other uses (evil eye). Also this study will light the way for posterity for next generations.
Judging quality of current septic shock definitions and criteria
Authors: Shankar-Hari Manu , Bertolini Guido , Brunkhorst Frank M. , Bellomo Rinaldo , Annane Djillali , Deutschman Clifford S. , Singer Mervyn
Published: December 2015

Septic shock definitions are being revisited. We assess the feasibility, reliability, and validity characteristics of the current definitions and criteria of septic shock. Septic shock is conceptualised as cardiovascular dysfunction, tissue perfusion and cellular abnormalities caused by infection. Currently, for feasibility, septic shock is identified at the bedside by using either hypotension or a proxy for tissue perfusion/cellular abnormalities (e.g., hyperlactatemia). We propose that concurrent presence of cardiovascular dysfunction and perfusion/cellular abnormalities could improve validity of septic shock diagnosis, as we are more likely to identify a patient population with all elements of the illness concept. This epidemiological refinement should not affect clinical care and may aid study design to identify illness-specific biomarkers and interventions.
Choosing the optimal dose in sublingual immunotherapy: Rationale for the 300 index of reactivity dose
Authors: Demoly Pascal , Passalacqua Gianni , Calderon Moises A. , Yalaoui Tarik
Published: December 2015

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is an effective and well‐tolerated method of treating allergic respiratory diseases associated with seasonal and perennial allergens. In contrast to the subcutaneous route, SLIT requires a much greater amount of antigen to achieve a clinical effect. Many studies have shown that SLIT involves a dose–response relationship, and therefore it is important to use a proven clinically effective dose from the onset of treatment, because low doses are ineffective and very high doses may increase the risk of side effects. A well‐defined standardization of allergen content is also crucial to ensure consistent quality, potency and appropriate immunomodulatory action of the SLIT product. Several methods of measuring antigenicity are used by manufacturers of SLIT products, including the index of reactivity (IR), standardized quality tablet unit, and bioequivalent allergy unit. A large body of evidence has established the 300 IR dose of SLIT as offering optimal efficacy and tolerability for allergic rhinitis due to grass and birch pollen and HDM, and HDM‐induced moderate, persistent allergic asthma. The 300 IR dose also offers consistency of dosing across a variety of different allergens, and is associated with higher rates of adherence and patient satisfaction. Studies in patients with grass pollen allergies showed that the 300 IR dose has a rapid onset of action, is effective in both adults and children in the short term and, when administered pre‐coseasonally in the long term, and maintains the clinical benefit, even after cessation of treatment. In patients with HDM‐associated AR and/or asthma, the 300 IR dose also demonstrated significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life, and significantly decreased use of symptomatic medication. The 300 IR dose is well tolerated, with adverse events generally being of mild or moderate severity, declining in frequency and severity over time and in the subsequent courses. We discuss herein the most important factors that affect the selection of the optimal dose of SLIT with natural allergens, and review the rationale and evidence supporting the use of the 300 IR dose.
Corticosterone Blocks Ovarian Cyclicity and the LH Surge via Decreased Kisspeptin Neuron Activation in Female Mice
Authors: Luo Elena , Stephens Shannon B. Z. , Chaing Sharon , Munaganuru Nagambika , Kauffman Alexander S. , Breen Kellie M.
Published: December 2015

Stress elicits activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which leads to enhanced circulating glucocorticoids, as well as impaired gonadotropin secretion and ovarian cyclicity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that elevated, stress-levels of glucocorticoids disrupt ovarian cyclicity by interfering with the preovulatory sequence of endocrine events necessary for the LH surge. Ovarian cyclicity was monitored in female mice implanted with a cholesterol or corticosterone (Cort) pellet. Cort, but not cholesterol, arrested cyclicity in diestrus. Subsequent studies focused on the mechanism whereby Cort stalled the preovulatory sequence by assessing responsiveness to the positive feedback estradiol signal. Ovariectomized mice were treated with an LH surge-inducing estradiol implant, as well as Cort or cholesterol, and assessed several days later for LH levels on the evening of the anticipated surge. All cholesterol females showed a clear LH surge. At the time of the anticipated surge, LH levels were undetectable in Cort-treated females. In situ hybridization analyses the anteroventral periventricular nucleus revealed that Cort robustly suppressed the percentage of Kiss1 cells coexpressing cfos, as well as reduced the number of Kiss1 cells and amount of Kiss1 mRNA per cell, compared with expression in control brains. In addition, Cort blunted pituitary expression of the genes encoding the GnRH receptor and LHβ, indicating inhibition of gonadotropes during the blockage of the LH surge. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that physiological stress-levels of Cort disrupts ovarian cyclicity, in part, through disruption of positive feedback mechanisms at both the hypothalamic and pituitary levels which are necessary for generation of the preovulatory LH surge.
Compact Analyzer for a Laser Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Karpov Alexander V. , Spakhov Alexander V. , Sysoev Alexander A.
Published: December 2015

Aspects of a new type of laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer are described in this letter. It is based on a wedge-shaped reflecting mirror and is used as an ion analyzer. The analyzer provides time focusing by both energy and divergence angle of ions. Time focusing of good quality is acquired in the energy range of ±20% of the average ion energy, which is, at least, two times wider than the energy range of the known ion optical systems for similar applications. The mass resolution of the analyzer is ∼600, while overall dimensions are very small (10 × 10 × 5 cm).
Networks and Misallocation: Insurance, Migration, and the Rural-Urban Wage Gap
Authors: Munshi Kaivan , Rosenzweig Mark
Published: December 2015

We provide an explanation for the large spatial wage disparities and low male migration in India based on the trade-off between consumption smoothing, provided by caste-based rural insurance networks, and the income gains from migration. Our theory generates two key empirically verified predictions: (i) males in relatively wealthy households within a caste who benefit less from the redistributive (surplus-maximizing) network will be more likely to migrate, and (ii) males in households facing greater rural income risk (who benefit more from the insurance network) migrate less. Structural estimates show that small improvements in formal insurance decrease the spatial misallocation of labor by substantially increasing migration. (JEL G22, J31, J61, O15, O18, R23, Z13)
Are Sticky Prices Costly? Evidence from the Stock Market
Authors: Gorodnichenko Yuriy , Weber Michael
Published: December 2015

We show that after monetary policy announcements, the conditional volatility of stock market returns rises more for firms with stickier prices than for firms with more flexible prices. This differential reaction is economically large and strikingly robust to a broad array of checks. These results suggest that menu costs—broadly defined to include physical costs of price adjustment, informational frictions, etc.—are an important factor for nominal price rigidity at the micro level. We also show that our empirical results are qualitatively and, under plausible calibrations, quantitatively consistent with New Keynesian macroeconomic models in which firms have heterogeneous price stickiness. (JEL E12, E31, E43, E44, E52, G12, L11)
Patents and the Global Diffusion of New Drugs
Authors: Cockburn Iain M. , Lanjouw Jean O. , Schankerman Mark
Published: December 2015

Analysis of the timing of launches of 642 new drugs in 76 countries during 1983–2002 shows that patent and price regulation regimes strongly affect how quickly new drugs become commercially available in different countries. Price regulation delays launch, while longer and more extensive patent rights accelerate it. Health policy institutions and economic and demographic factors that make markets more profitable also speed up diffusion. The estimated effects are generally robust to controlling for endogeneity of policy regimes with country fixed effects and instrumental variables. The results highlight the important role of policy choices in driving the diffusion of new innovations. (JEL I18, L11, L51, L65, O31, O33, O34)
Sharing the sandbox: Evolutionary mechanisms that maintain bacterial cooperation
Authors: Bruger Eric , Waters Christopher
Published: December 2015

Microbes are now known to participate in an extensive repertoire of cooperative behaviors such as biofilm formation, production of extracellular public-goods, group motility, and higher-ordered multicellular structures. A fundamental question is how these cooperative tasks are maintained in the face of non-cooperating defector cells. Recently, a number of molecular mechanisms including facultative participation, spatial sorting, and policing have been discovered to stabilize cooperation. Often these different mechanisms work in concert to reinforce cooperation. In this review, we describe bacterial cooperation and the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that maintain it.
Absence of Relationship Among Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) Richness, Functional Groups and Environmental Variables in Southern Brazil
Authors: Diehl Elena , Diehl-Fleig Eduardo , Kern Junqueira Luciane
Published: December 2015

In the temperate zones, termites play a minor ecological role, while, in the tropics, they dominate among the decomposing invertebrates, corresponding to about 10% of the total animal biomass and up to 95% of the soil insect biomass. At the same time, the tropical zones have more productive environments, lower climatic variation, greater ecological stability, and are richer in species. In this study, we evaluated termite species richness, composition, and trophic groups in 14 sites at different altitudes distributed in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil from previous published surveys. We tested whether there would be a pattern linking those three variables to altitude and bioclimatic factors. We found no significant correlation between species richness and altitude. Bioclimatic variables did not explain the differences in species composition neither in functional group. However, species number, though not statistically different, and composition varied among sampling sites. We suggest that further surveys should be conducted along with greater collection effort and number of sampled sites as to provide a better understanding of the factors affecting the termite fauna of Southern Brazil.Ausência de Relação Entre Riqueza, Grupo Funcional e Variáveis Ambientais para Térmitas (Insecta: Isoptera) no Sul do BrasilResumo. Nas zonas temperadas, os térmitas têm um papel ecológico reduzido, enquanto que, nos trópicos, dominam entre os invertebrados decompositores e correspondem a cerca de 10% do total da biomassa animal e quase 95% da biomassa de insetos de solo. Ao mesmo tempo, as zonas tropicais possuem ambientes mais produtivos, menor variação climática, maior estabilidade ecológica e riqueza de espécies. No presente trabalho, avaliamos a riqueza, composição e os grupos funcionais dos térmitas de 14 localidades em diferentes altitudes no Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil, a partir de dados já publicados. Testamos se existiria um padrão relacionando essas três variáveis à altitude e aos fatores bioclimáticos. Os resultados não mostraram correlação significativa entre riqueza de espécies e altitude, assim como os fatores bioclimáticos não explicaram a variação na composição de espécies e dos grupos funcionais. No entanto, o número, embora não significativo, e a composição de espécies foram diferentes entre os locais de coleta. Sugerimos a ampliação dos levantamentos, com maior esforço amostral e maior número de pontos amostrados, para identificar os fatores ambientais que influenciam a termitofauna do sul do Brasil.
Espécies de Carineta (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Barreto Marliton Rocha , Porfiro Julielen Miras
Published: December 2015

Resumo: As cigarras são insetos facilmente reconhecidos pelo seu grande tamanho e pelo som emitido pelos machos. Suas ninfas são consideradas pragas de algumas culturas por se alimentarem da seiva das raízes das plantas. Carineta é um gênero neotropical que inclui aproximadamente 70 espécies, sendo pelo menos 20 mencionadas para o Brasil. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo registrar a primeira ocorrência de Carineta gemella Boulard, Carineta matura Distant e Carineta spoliata Walker para o Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Os insetos foram capturados em Dezembro de 2010 em Cotriguaçu, MT (09°52’24”S, 58°13’17”W), com uso de armadilha luminosa modelo Luiz de Queiroz. C. matura e C. spoliata são conhecidas como pragas do café, sendo associadas até o momento apenas a essa planta hospedeira. Referente a  C. gemella, ainda não é conhecida uma planta  hospedeira  para essa espécie. Estudos futuros serão necessários para determinar quais espécies florestais são hospedeiras das espécies de Carineta aqui reportadas, bem como os prejuízos causados pelas mesmas. Deste modo fica explícita a importância de estudos de distribuição, pois possibilitam o conhecimento da fauna regional assim como a elaboração de estratégias conservacionistas.Carineta species (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in state of Mato Grosso, BrazilAbstract: Cicadas are insects easily recognized by its large size and the sound emitted by males. Their nymphs are considered pests of some crops by feeding on the sap of plant roots. Carineta is a neotropical genus comprising about 70 species, at least 20 mentioned for Brazil. This study aimed to register the first occurrence of Carineta gemella Boulard, Carineta matura Distant and Carineta Spoliata Walker for the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The insects were captured in December 2010 in Cotriguaçu, MT (09°52'24"S, 58°13'17"W), using light trap model Luiz de Queiroz. C. matura and C. spoliata are known as coffee pests, being associated so far only this host plant. Regarding C. gemella, it is not yet known a host plant for this species. Future studies are needed to determine which tree species are host species Carineta here reported, as well as the damage caused by them. Thus is explicit the importance of distribution studies, as they allow the knowledge of the regional fauna as well as the development of conservation strategies.
Redescrição de Sciogriphoneura brunnea Steyskal (Diptera, Helosciomyzidae) e chave para as espécies conhecidas
Authors: Pereira-Colavite Alessandre
Published: December 2015

Resumo. A fêmea de Sciogriphoneura brunnea Steyskal é redescrita. Fotografias e ilustrações das estruturas morfológicas do adulto são apresentadas e notas taxonômicas são discutidas. Uma chave de identificação baseada em caracteres morfológicos é apresentada para as espécies de Sciogriphoneura, incluindo comentários sobre alguns caracteres diagnósticos para o gênero e família.Redescription of Sciogriphoneura brunnea Steyskal (Diptera, Helosciomyzidae), Identification key to Species and Comments on some Diagnostic Characters to the Genus and FamilyAbstract. The female of Sciogriphoneura brunnea Steyskal is redescribed. Photographs and illustrations of adult morphological structures are presented and taxonomic notes are discussed. An identification key based on the morphological characters is provided to the species of Sciogriphoneura, including comments on some diagnostic characters to the genus and family.
Bayesian Switching Multiple Disorder Problems
Authors: Gapeev Pavel V.
Published: December 2015

The switching multiple disorder problem seeks to determine an ordered infinite sequence of times of alarms which are as close as possible to the unknown times of disorders, or change-points, at which the observable process changes its probability characteristics. We study a Bayesian formulation of this problem for an observable Brownian motion with switching constant drift rates. The method of proof is based on the reduction of the initial problem to an associated optimal switching problem for a three-dimensional diffusion posterior probability process and the analysis of the equivalent coupled parabolic-type free-boundary problem. We derive analytic-form estimates for the Bayesian risk function and the optimal switching boundaries for the components of the the posterior probability process.
Australian paramedic graduates transitioning into UK NHS ambulance services: what are the potential challenges?
Authors: Devenish Scott , Clark Michele , Fleming MaryLou , Tippett Vivienne
Published: December 2015

With United Kingdom (UK) Ambulance National Health Service (NHS) Trusts and Foundation Trusts actively recruiting Australian paramedic graduates, this article seeks to stimulate discussion by identifying differences existing between the two ambulance systems, as well as highlighting potential challenges that Australian graduates may face when transitioning to the UK ambulance service. It also identifies similarities between Australian and UK ambulance systems, which may assist new graduates to overcome the transition shock. This article suggests that transition shock is not solely related to Australian graduates moving to the UK, and may well be present for graduates moving to comparable international ambulance services in Canada, the Middle East, Ireland and South Africa.
The absorption laws for the generalized inverses in rings
Authors: Jin Hongwei , Benitez Julio
Published: December 2015

In this paper, it is given equivalent conditions for the absorption laws in terms of the Moore-Penrose, group, core inverse, core inverse dual, {1}, {1,2}, {1,3}, and {1,4} inverses in rings. The results given here extend the results of [X. Liu, H. Jin, and D.S. CvetkoviÂ´c-IliÂ´c. The absorption laws for the generalized inverses. Appl. Math. Comp., 219:2053â2059, 2012].
New industrial areas, old workers’ solidarities: the browning of the auto industry multinationals’ green field sites in Brazil
Authors: Marco Aurelio Santana
Published: December 2015

This paper describes the ways in which auto workers in Southern Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil have successfully managed to build solidarity with their colleagues in the traditional locations of the auto industry in Brazil in the so-called ABC region near São Paulo, as well as in other parts of the world. This demonstrates the limitations of companies’ strategies of seeking ‘green field’ sites in order to take advantage of low wages and introduce new working concepts such as ‘lean production’. When unions are able to build effective links with workers on ‘brown field’ sites then these strategies can be subverted.
The politics of union-government relations: Public transport in two Australian states
Authors: Ruth Barton  , Peter Fairbrother
Published: December 2015

Successive governments, particularly in the Anglo-American world, have sought to redefine the state by redrawing the boundaries between the public and private sectors, with marked implications for trade unions. One consequence of this process is that relations between unions and governments are reforged. In Australia, governments have initiated comprehensive processes of corporatisation and privatisation. One result is that previously close and often informal partnership arrangements (in the case of Labor governments) have changed. This type of institutional reorganisation prompts a reassessment of union-government relations as well as a complex working out of new modes of governance. This article explores these themes in relation to public transport in two Australian states: New South Wales and Victoria.
Privatisation of public services in the EU: an attack on social cohesion and democracy
Authors: Birgit Mahnkopf
Published: December 2015

In the past, universal access to essential public services served as an important mechanism for generating a good relationship between the market, social cohesion and democracy in many European countries. But, with the growing dominance of the mode of ‘negative integration’ across the continent, citizens are being reconstituted as consumers and small shareholders. Meanwhile, privatisation of public services steamrolls the results of the ‘decommodification of wage labour’ achieved in the short ‘social democratic century’. Drawing on the results of the EU-funded Co-ordination Action PRESOM (Privatisation and the European Social Model) this paper argues that in the long run these developments might affect the democratic functioning of the Union and the integration process as a whole. Further information about PRESOM can be found on http://www.presom.eu.
Global or embedded service work? the (limited) transnationalisation of the call-centre industry
Authors: Ursula Holtgrewe  , Jessica Longen  , Hannelore Mottweiler  , Annika Schönauer
Published: December 2015

This paper explores the amount of ‘real’ internationalisation in the call centre industry and looks at its effects on work organisation from two angles. First, we analyse the data from the Global Call Center Industry Project, with regard to the amount of internationalisation and the profiles of call centres serving an international market. Then, these industrywide findings are confronted with a case study of the customer service operation of a US-based electronics multinational. Overall, while global business service providers exist and shape the perception of the industry to a considerable extent, internationalisation is chiefly limited to younger, larger subcontracting companies with standardised work, although national patterns vary. While some services in some segments have certainly been internationalised (for example airline travel reservations and IT helplines), language and cultural proximity continue to matter.
Looking behind the line: privatisation and the reification of work in a Brazilian telecommunications company
Authors: Simone Wolff
Published: December 2015

This paper analyses the results of a case study carried out in the call centre of a public Brazilian telecommunications company. The study focused on the working conditions of operators engaged in telemarketing, an activity that relies on computerised data processing as its main working tool. Information was collected on the perceptions of managers and employees of the informatisation of working procedures and of the new forms of management that were adopted to enable these processes to be handled using the new technologies. The analysis was guided by the hypothesis that the application of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in the context of changed organisational parameters inspired by the so-called ‘participative administration’ approach, has enabled a new kind of exploitation of living labour to emerge, one that is marked by an expropriation and commodification of workers' knowledge, in its cognitive dimension.
In spite of everything: Professionalism as mass customised bureaucratic production in a Danish government call centre
Authors: Pia Bramming  , Ole H. Sørensen  , Peter Hasle
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a study of the consequences of the transformation of part of the Danish Tax and Customs Administration (TAX) from a traditional white-collar public administration into a call centre. TAX participated in the study using ‘Amica’ testing methods aimed at improving the psychosocial working environment in call centres. The results showed a surprising and rapid development from a situation where employees reported a stressful and unsatisfying work environment to one where the organisation had taken a giant stride towards improving the work environment, involving a major shift in leadership and employee identity. The paper discusses this change from a traditional white-collar model to a ‘mass customised bureaucratic’ production one in a New Public Management setting that focuses on cost reduction, customer orientation, performance monitoring and documentation.
Fragmenting labour: organisational restructuring, employment relations and the dynamics of national regulatory frameworks
Authors: Jörg Flecker
Published: December 2015

The conditions of work and employment are becoming increasingly diverse not only at global level, but also within countries, sectors and even organisations. The restructuring of companies and value chains contributes to this fragmentation of employment because restructuring is entangled with shifts in the forms of employment and the composition of labour. These tendencies, in turn, are shaped by specific national employment regulations which mediate both the employers' calculus underlying restructuring and the consequences of restructuring on labour. This paper draws on the results of two major EU-funded projects, WORKS and Dynamo, to present a range of different types of fragmentation of employment in the context of value chain restructuring, discusses their interplay with the institutional context and draws conclusions on national labour market regulations.
Cut from a different cloth: Employee relations, job design and control of the labour process in Nordic-owned garment factories in the Baltic States
Authors: Markku Sippola
Published: December 2015

This paper focuses on labour market segmentation between the Nordic and Baltic parts of the production process. The Baltic segment of the Nordic clothing firms' value chain is examined through an analysis of employee relations, work design and control over the labour process. Although the Nordic mode of the labour process is not analysed in this study, it is regarded as mirroring the general features of the ‘Nordic regime’ with high wages, decent working conditions and a relatively high degree of worker autonomy and control over the labour process. The study draws on interview data gained from three small or medium-sized garment factories, located in post-Soviet Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). The headquarters of these three subsidiary firms are located in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The findings imply that the labour process in the Baltic garment industry has been easily ‘locked in’ to a downgraded position — both relatively, compared to that of Nordic countries, and absolutely, in real terms. This suggests that Nordic manufacturers opt for a ‘low road’ to investment and labour management in the Baltic subsidiaries even whilst following a ‘high road’ path at home.
The hotel industry in service economies: from one ‘service world’ to another
Authors: Florence Jany-Catrice  , Thierry Ribault
Published: December 2015

Rethinking national models in order to render them capable of taking account of the sectoral dimensions of employment systems is the central issue addressed in this paper. The ‘service worlds’ approach, based on an analysis of economic and social conventions, is one possible avenue to be taken in search of a solution. Drawing on empirical research on hotel services, this article draws three main conclusions. First, it shows that conventions and power relations are structured by the interplay of numerous forces at work at a sectoral level that until now have led to tacit agreements between governments and employers in which the volume of jobs created has taken precedence over the quality of those jobs. Second, it demonstrates that the logics that structure global, national, sectoral and corporate spaces, such as outsourcing, vertical integration and particular employment forms, are mingled and intertwined. Finally, it identifies tangible or symbolic connectors that facilitate movement between the global, national, sectoral and corporate spaces and which open up or, conversely, close off the boundaries of these spaces to new logics. Interacting with national models whilst simultaneously minimising their importance, they are helping to shift services from one world to another.
Out of control: changes in working-time patterns and strategies for work-life balance in Europe
Authors: Bettina-Johanna Krings  , Linda Nierling  , Marcello Pedaci
Published: December 2015

Global restructuring processes mean that temporal models of working time are becoming increasingly differentiated across Europe, as elsewhere. In order to balance work and life, employees have to accommodate these changes, not necessarily by prolonging their working time, but through an accelerated pace of work and increased workloads. Intensified working time patterns increase the challenges of combining work and family. This paper argues that changing demands on working time have enormous impacts on establishing work-life balance and that – to a great extent – the consequences are shouldered by women. In assessing these changing demands on working time, it is crucial to consider the occupational context: a high level of autonomy in determining their working time as well as great dedication to their work provides women in highly-skilled occupations with the option of developing strategies for emancipation. Women working in semi-skilled and low-skilled occupations are more likely to adhere to traditional gender roles and suffer much more from externally-imposed temporal frameworks and organisational changes. These results underline the need to reflect on contextual categories such as occupational affiliation, skill-level, gender, and institutional settings in evaluating the individual impacts of the changing demands of working time and work-life balance across Europe.
European urban public transport: towards a single European employment model?
Authors: James Wickham  , Erich Latniak
Published: December 2015

Publicly owned public transport contributed to the distinctive character of 20th century European cities. Today, however, the sector is being opened up to various forms of competition. Using a comparative study of urban public transport in six European countries, this paper traces the emergence of a new European mode of regulation for the sector. This new framework has not, however, always led to a deterioration in wages or working conditions, since national employment systems remain important. Change has often been justified as leading to improved service quality: traditional public sector employment, above all job security, was seen as contributing to bad service for passengers. Our study, undertaken as part of the EU-funded Dynamo project, however finds no such simple link — either negative or positive — between the quality of service and the nature of employment.
‘Let them move the mail with transistors instead of brains’: Labour convergence in posts and telecommunications, 1972–3
Authors: Caroline Nappo  , Dan Schiller
Published: December 2015

The United States employs more postal workers than any other country, including China. The American Postal Workers Union and the National Association of Letter Carriers represent the majority of these workers. Since the APWU's formation in 1970, both unions have declined to merge with one another or any other union; however, in the early 1970s, the APWU and the NALC participated in merger talks with the Communications Workers of America. This article explores the proposed merger between the APWU, the NALC, and the CWA to try to clarify why these unions continually declined to effect ‘labour convergence’.
Logistics workers and global logistics: the heavy lifters of globalisation
Authors: Roger Sealey
Published: December 2015

This article examines the growing importance of logistics and logistics workers, the growth of offshoring and the changing balance between manufacturers and retailers in the post-Fordist era due in part to the bar code. It explores the interdependent relationship between technological innovation, globalisation and the expansion of the logistics sector and the impacts of time-space compression on logistics work, before examining the vulnerabilities created in global supply chains by these interdependencies. It concludes that the central place of distribution in a global economy confers a new strategic power on logistics workers.
Librarians of the World Unite? Possibilities and realities from Florida, USA
Authors: James F. Tracy  , Maris L. Hayashi
Published: December 2015

This paper examines the perspectives of academic librarians in Florida's public universities concerning library work and advocacy for workplace rights by professional organisations and the statewide faculty union. An online survey was used to gather responses to closed and open-ended questions from 58 librarians. These data are presented alongside discussions addressing professionalism in library work, the history of US library professional organisations and workplace issues, and Florida's faculty union. The results suggest that, in terms of broader organisation around workplace issues, academic librarians in Florida are stuck between managerial expectations of professional practice and a faculty union slow to understand the significance of librarianship.