bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of potential drug–drug interactions in a pediatric intensive care unit: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Choi Yu Hyeon , Lee In Hwa , Yang Mihee , Cho Yoon Sook , Jo Yun Hee , Bae Hye Jung , Kim You Sun , Park June Dong
Published: February 2021

Despite the high prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions in pediatric intensive care units, their clinical relevance and significance are unclear. We assessed the characteristics and risk factors of clinically relevant potential drug–drug interactions to facilitate their efficient monitoring in pediatric intensive care units. This retrospective cohort study reviewed the medical records of 159 patients aged <19 years who were hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit at Seoul National University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) for ≥3 days between August 2019 and February 2020. Potential drug–drug interactions were screened using the Micromedex Drug-Reax® system. Clinical relevance of each potential drug–drug interaction was reported with official terminology, magnitude of severity, and causality, and the association with the patient’s clinical characteristics was assessed. In total, 115 patients (72.3%) were exposed to 592 potential interactions of 258 drug pairs. In 16 patients (10.1%), 22 clinically relevant potential drug–drug interactions were identified for 19 drug pairs. Approximately 70% of the clinically relevant potential drug–drug interactions had a severity grade of ≥3. Exposure to potential drug–drug interactions was significantly associated with an increase in the number of administrated medications (6–7 medications, p = 0.006; ≥8, p<0.001) and prolonged hospital stays (1–2 weeks, p = 0.035; ≥2, p = 0.049). Moreover, clinically relevant potential drug–drug interactions were significantly associated with ≥8 prescribed drugs (p = 0.019), hospitalization for ≥2 weeks (p = 0.048), and ≥4 complex chronic conditions (p = 0.015). Most potential drug–drug interactions do not cause clinically relevant adverse outcomes in pediatric intensive care units. However, because the reactions that patients experience from clinically relevant potential drug–drug interactions are often very severe, there is a medical need to implement an appropriate monitoring system for potential drug–drug interactions according to the pediatric intensive care unit characteristics.
Telemedicine experience of NYC Internal Medicine residents during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chiu Chia-Yu , Sarwal Amara , Jawed Muzamil , Chemarthi Venkata Sireesha , Shabarek Nehad
Published: February 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the resilience of public health, including diagnostic testing, antiviral development and transmission prevention. In addition, it also affected the medical education of many residents and learners throughout the country. Historically, physicians undergoing their residency training were not involved in telemedicine. However, in response to the challenges faced due to COVID-19, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) released a provision in May 2020 to allow residents to participate in telemedicine.

Method

Lincoln Medical Center, located in the South Bronx of New York City, currently has 115 Internal Medicine residents, and telemedicine clinic visits have been conducted by residents since June 2020. An anonymous 25-question survey was sent to all Internal Medicine residents between August 8, 2020 to August 14, 2020.

Result

Of 115 residents, 95 (82.6% of the residents) replied to this questionnaire. Residents revealed feeling less confident in managing chronic diseases through telemedicine visits. The survey also shows that 83.1% of respondents prefer in-person visits during their training, 65.3% feel that the telemedicine experience will affect their future career choice, and 67.4% would prefer less than 50% of visits to be telemedicine in their future careers.

Outcome

The purpose of the new ACGME rules allowing telemedicine was to prevent the undertraining of residents and maintain health care for the patient during the COVID-19 pandemic. This affects residency training and the experiences of residents, which in turn can influence their future career plans.
En torno a las representaciones de la venta de periódicos en España, 1836-1936
Authors: Rodríguez Infiesta Víctor
Published: February 2021

Análisis de las representaciones de los vendedores de publicaciones periódicas a través de los contenidos de la prensa y otros impresos. Desfavorecidos socialmente, estos trabajadores son a menudo representados de forma negativa, ya sea por su pobreza, su insignificancia o la ausencia de escrúpulos cuando se trata de sobrevivir. La imagen que se difunde contrasta con el lugar central que ocupan en el sistema informativo, llegando a actuar como una forma de comunicación paralela o complementaria a los contenidos escritos de la prensa. En cierto modo, los vendedores son heraldos de una nueva época en la que la información periódica y la opinión pública juegan un papel esencial. Considerados en estas páginas como mediadores culturales, se plantea aquí su imagen pública como fruto de la tensión existente entre los espacios en los que se producen los contenidos de la prensa y el público, en el que influyen a diario.
Refugiados nicaragüenses y desplazados en Honduras en la década de los ochentas
Authors: Gómez García Elvia Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivos describir la situación de los refugiados nicaragüenses establecidos en el departamento de El Paraíso, en la región oriental de Honduras a partir del triunfo de la revolución sandinista en Nicaragua en 1979, así como el de establecer la relación existente entre el surgimiento de los desplazados de guerra hondureños y el asentamiento de los contrarrevolucionarios nicaragüenses en dicho país. Honduras se convirtió en receptora de refugiados provenientes de los países vecinos en conflicto, y al mismo tiempo en la base de operaciones de los grupos contrainsurgentes que tenían como finalidad derrocar al régimen sandinista de Nicaragua. El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis documental y la recolección de información mediante entrevistas haciendo uso de fuentes primarias y secundarias, intentando profundizar en dos fenómenos fundamentales de esta etapa, los refugiados nicaragüenses y los desplazados de guerra.
Concierto Económico y tributación empresarial. El impacto fiscal de la creación del Jurado Mixto de Utilidades (1927-1933)
Authors: Erkoreka Mikel
Published: February 2021

El Jurado Mixto de Utilidades entró en funcionamiento en 1927 con el objetivo de garantizar el cumplimiento del principio de territorialidad en la aplicación del Impuesto de Utilidades en el marco del Concierto Económico. Además de ser un elemento novedoso en el ámbito de las relaciones tributarias entre el Estado y el País Vasco, el régimen de jurados mixtos incidió directamente sobre el marco de reparto de las bases imponibles en el Impuesto de Utilidades. El objetivo de este artículo es cuantificar el impacto fiscal y presupuestario que produjo la implantación del Jurado Mixto de Utilidades. El artículo demuestra que en términos fiscales y presupuestarios, la implantación del régimen de jurados benefició mayormente al Ministerio de Hacienda.
Identificación y valoración de los Servicios Ecosistémicos del Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia, España) basado en encuestas a los usuarios
Authors: Hernández Mármol Diana , Ballesteros Pelegrín Gustavo A. , Belmonte Serrato Francisco
Published: February 2021

El Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar es un humedal salino situado al norte de la restinga que cierra el Mar Menor (Región de Murcia). Forma parte de la Red Natura 2000, y está declarado Zona de Especial Conservación y Zona de Especial Protección para las Aves, además de ser un importante enclave de producción de sal y turístico. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una valoración preliminar de los servicios ecosistémicos del Parque Regional mediante la realización de encuestas pre-test a los usuarios del espacio protegido. Para ello se utilizaron métodos de preferencias declaradas: el método de Valoración Contingente y la Valoración por Experimentos de Elección. Se realizaron 262 encuestas pre-test a turistas entre agosto y diciembre de 2019, las cuáles orientaron la redacción de las encuestas finales. Además, se definieron los servicios ecosistémicos que ofrece el Parque Regional mediante el análisis de la Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services en su última versión V5.1, obteniendo 32 tipos de servicios ecosistémicos que serán valorados en las encuestas finales con cuatro opciones de respuesta.
Perception of Health Care Professionals on Transplantation in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Bikash Sah Bikash Sah , Jha Shivendra , Ayer Ashok , Mishra Deebya Raj , Yadav B. N.
Published: February 2021

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved as a pandemic with a challenge to the entire world for its management. Various modalities of treatment have been tried till date and when all the modalities failed then the only option that has been shown to be successful in some cases is lung transplantation. Decision for Solid-organ transplantation is not only made based upon its therapeutic requirement but also need to be supported by the law of land. In this regard, current Nepalese law is not with the provision for lung transplantation. Thus, in order to make the concerned authorities aware of it and also as a step toward the preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic, this research has been conducted with an aim to see the perception of health care professionals of tertiary care centre of eastern Nepal regarding the legal aspects of lung transplantation.

Conclusion
Outcome of this research has supported the therapeutic aspect of transplantation over its legal issue in the emergency conditions like COVID-19 Pandemic.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Hepatitis B and HIV Coinfection With Resultant Liver Failure
Authors: Blaney Hanna , Thotakura Deepthi , Sisco Lauren
Published: February 2021

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome of excessive immune activation frequently attributed to infection. We report a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to hepatitis B in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection and subsequent liver failure.
AS CHUVAS EM CERES - GO (BRASIL):
Authors: Souza Tainá Aparecida Alves , Sousa Thalisson Rafael , Gallardo Nuria Pérez , Alves Elis Dener Lima
Published: February 2021

Os padrões pluviométricos de uma região podem ter impactos diretos sobre vários setores da sociedade, tais como atividades agroindustriais e socioeconômicas. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a variabilidade temporal das chuvas no município de Ceres, a fim de verificar variações nos padrões da precipitação, bem como compreender sua sazonalidade. Primeiramente, foi realizada aquisição dos dados de chuvas disponibilizados pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) do período de 1972 a 2015, posteriormente, foram realizadas análises da homogeneidade dos dados e falhas na série histórica. Para a análise da variabilidade temporal/sazonal das chuvas em Ceres elaborou-se gráficos dos totais pluviométricos anuais e totais mensais. Posteriormente, elaborou-se gráficos de bloxplots e dendogramas utilizando-se o método de Ward’s e a distância Euclidiana como separador, assim como as estatísticas descritivas das chuvas do período estudado. Conclui-se que as chuvas da região de Ceres possuem forte componente sazonal, caracterizado por uma estação seca (abril a setembro) e uma estação chuvosa (outubro a março), característica típica das áreas de cerrado do planalto central. Apesar de apresentar variações pluviométricas durante este período, os desvios elevados foram pontuais.
Analysis of organizational commitment in determining the success of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) in the banking sector
Authors: Lingga Ita Salsalina
Published: February 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of organizational commitment on the success of accounting information systems (AIS). The unit of analysis in this study was Regional Development Banks (Indonesian: Bank Pembangunan Daerah / BPD) throughout Indonesia. Data collected by using a questionnaire. The respondents were BPD employees as the AIS users. The total research sample used was 275, while the questionnaire return rate was 64% (176). The data were processed and analyzed using the Partial Least Square SEM method. The results proved that organizational commitment has no effect on the success of accounting information system. In general, BPD employeesâ€™ commitment to the organization is at the â€œadequateâ€ level, which means that they are not fully committed to supporting the success of the accounting information system. The results of this study do not support the theory and results of previous studies which state that organizational commitment affects the success of the accounting information systems.
Interpretation of the traditional proverb â€œjer basuki mawa beyaâ€ on abnormal audit fees in the context of improving audit quality
Authors: Edtiyarsih Denari Dhahana , Sudaryati Erina , Budisusetyo Sasongko
Published: February 2021

East Java Province is a province in Indonesia that has cultural diversity and uniqueness. This is reflected, among other things, by the number of proverbs (in Javanese: unen-unen) used by the people of East Java. One of the popular Javanese proverbs, traditional sayings that express a perceived truth based on common sense or experience, in East Java Province is â€˜Jer Basuki MawaBeyaâ€™ which means that all success requires sacrifice, or in other words, if someone wants to achieve success, there must be a cost. In the context of improving audit quality, if a company decides to employ external auditor services, the company must pay fees for the external auditor services. The abnormal audit fees paid by the company will have an effect on the increase in audit quality.
Does economic growth moderate the effect of fundamental values on the stock return of Indonesian infrastructure companies?
Authors: Hapsoro Dody , Syahriar Al-iefan Kharismawan
Published: February 2021

In recent years, issues of infrastructure development and economic growth have become very popular topics during President Jokowiâ€™s administration. Infrastructure development is expected to have an impact on economic growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fundamental values on the stock returns of infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017 with economic growth as a moderating variable. This research uses a purposive sampling technique. The analytical method used is partial least squares with WarpPLS software version 6.0. the results show that EPS has a positive effect on stock returns while DER, PER, and NPM do not affect stock returns. Furthermore, it also indicates that economic growth does not moderate the effect of EPS and DER on stock returns. However, the results of the study prove that economic growth can moderate the effect of PER and NPM on stock returns. This research implies that government policy that sets priorities for infrastructure development needs to be supported because it is proven that the government policy has a positive effect on the profits and stock returns of infrastructure companies.
The effect of green intellectual capital, conservatism, earning management, to future stock return and its implications on stock return
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Febrianti Fitri Dwi
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of Green Intellectual Capital, Conservatism, and Real Earning Management on Future Stock Returns and their Implications on Stock Returns on Mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2014 - 2019. This type of research is quantitative research in which this research is done by explaining the results of data from the calculation of numbers that are calculated and analyzed. The analysis used in this research is regression analysis, where regression analysis estimates the magnitude of the coefficients resulting from a linear equation involving one independent variable to be used as a predictor of the value of the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that Intellectual capital has a significant effect on future stock returns, Conservatism has a significant effect on future stock returns, earning management has a significant effect on future stock returns, Implications future stock return on stock returns. These findings indicate that in sample companies, future stock returns on stock returns have no implication.
A Temporal First Cause?
Authors: Wielenberg Erik
Published: February 2021

In a recent paper in this journal, I argued that William Craig’s theistic account of the origin of the universe implies that at the first moment of time, t1, God is both timeless and temporal, a contradiction (Wielenberg 2021). Craig responded to that argument; I here reply to Craig’s response.
An Evaluation of Academic- and Cultural-Based Service-Learning as Critical Pedagogies for Student Learning
Authors: Simons Lori
Published: February 2021

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate differences in students learning outcomes for 328 undergraduate students enrolled in psychology courses that utilize academic- and cultural-based service-learning as primary pedagogical methods. Results from a repeated measures analyses of covariance indicate that students improve their awareness of White privilege and understanding of gender and racial discrimination from the beginning to the end of the course. Cultural-based service-learners also had a deeper understanding of White privilege, gender and racial discrimination, and racial and economic disparities in the community, as well as stronger perspective-taking skills, ethnocultural empathy, and interpersonal engagement compared to academic-based service-learners. Results from a repeated measures analysis of variance further indicate that upperclassmen develop a racial-cultural-ethnic identity; while, underclassmen develop ethnocultural awareness over time. Implications for incorporating critical service-learning pedagogies in beginning, middle, and ending psychology courses are discussed.
The relationships between work values ethic, design leadership and workplace innovation: A study of retailers in Malaysia
Authors: Wong Kee-Luen , McMurray Adela , Meunjohn Nuttawuth , Teh Hong-Leong
Published: February 2021

This study examines the effect of design leadership behavior on the relationship between work values ethic and workplace innovation in Malaysia. Data were collected from 317 Malaysian retailer respondents. The instruments used to measure the three constructs were the Work Values Ethic (WVE) instrument, the Design Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ), and the Workplace Innovation Scale (WIS). Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and AMOS were used to analyze the data. We constructed the measurement models and structural models and found that both the design leadership (DL) and workplace innovation (WI) constructs were formative in nature. The results indicated that design leadership is a strong and significant mediator on the relationship between work values ethic and workplace innovation.
Ensuring Quality Safety in Schools: A Participatory Action Research Approach
Authors: Mabade Avhurengwi Samson
Published: February 2021

The focus of this article is on the quality safety in Schools. Although safety in schools is a worldwide problem, in South Africa this seems to be getting worse for they are broken into, vandalized and set alight in vast majority. Taking a heed to around 1600 number of schools robbed, vandalized and torched during this frustrating and terrifying period of COVID -19, one would agree that schools are not protected. People seemed to have lost ethics and ownership towards schools. Schools appeared to be the safest place as well as conducive for study in the previous decades. Safety school promotes social and creative learning. Schools are robbed their groceries, equipments including computers and other paraphernalia for learning and teaching support. On the 10th July 2020, four schools in Limpopo Province had been broken into and all groceries were robbed at a gun point.

Taking a number of instances into consideration, which occurred before horrifying situation of Covid-19, one would see a need for an investigation. Although schools are advised to establish tight and quality security fence, school equipments and groceries are still not safe. There is a variety of literature which focused on the roles of teachers, administrators and students in creating safe schools. For this study, the researcher focused on the role of Community towards ensuring quality safety in school as a Community resource. Therefore it is the Community’s obligation to ensure quality safety in Schools. Community needs to develop strategies to ensure safety in Schools for their children. In this study, the researcher established a model which is Community Support Team versus School Support Team.

Therefore the researcher adopted a Participatory Action Research Approach to empower Community to strategize for ensuring quality safety in Schools. The researcher employed qualitative technique to collect data from the community members around four selected schools in a rural area.
Humanity Imperiled by the Geomagnetic Field and Human Corruption
Authors: Herndon J. Marvin
Published: February 2021

Earth’s magnetic field acts as a shield, protecting life and our electrically-based infrastructure from the rampaging, charged-particle solar wind. In the geologic past, the geomagnetic field has collapsed, with or without polarity reversal, and inevitably it will again. The potential consequences of geomagnetic collapse have not only been greatly underestimated, but governments, scientists, and the public have been deceived as to the underlying science. Instead of trying to refute or advance a paradigm shift that occurred in 1979, global geoscientists, individuals and institutions, chose to function as a cartel and continued to promote their very-flawed concepts that had their origin in the 1930s and 1940s, consequently wasting vast amounts of taxpayer-provided research money, and making no meaningful advances or understanding. Here, from a first person perspective, I describe the logical progression of understanding from that paradigm shift, review the advances made and their concomitant implications, and touch upon a few of the many efforts that were made to deceive government officials, scientists, and the public. It is worrisome that geoscientists almost universally have engaged in suppressing or ignoring sound scientific advances, including those with potentially adverse implications for humanity. All of this suggests that the entire institutional structure of the geophysical sciences, funding, institutions, and bureaucracies should be radically reformed.
EFFECTS OF SLUM UPGRADING ON SECURITY MANAGMENT IN SOWETO SLUMS, ROYSAMBU SUB-COUNTY IN NAIROBI, KENYA
Authors: Metobo Evans
Published: February 2021

This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis to explore the effects of slum upgrading on security management in Soweto slums, Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was guided by three objectives to establish social effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; to examine the economic effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; and to establish the challenges of security management in the slum upgrading programme for Kahawa Soweto Slums. The study adopted a descriptive research design and random sampling to select 318 respondents (main respondents) and 10 Key informants (K.I). Questionnaire was the main method of data collection while interview was used to collect data from K.I. Data collected was organized, and systematically interpreted thematically by use of graphs, frequency tables, and percentages.

This study established the relationship between slum setting and rise of crime and insecurity in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya with 69.2% of respondents agreeing to this count. According to this study, poor roads, high poverty levels, low education levels, poor spatial designs/environmental design of slum area and housing, absence of police station and poor lighting predisposed the slum dwellers to crime and insecurity. According to this study slum upgrade will reduce crime and insecurity, given that special aspects such as improvement in spatial designs/environmental design of urban areas and housing with enhanced modern lighting will significantly reduce crime in slums by eliminating criminogenic and insecurity risk factors. Additionally, improved economic effects of slum upgrading on slum dwellers would build resilience to crime and insecurity. This includes; Job creation, provision of educational facilities such as vocational training institutes (polytechnics), basic education institutions (primary and secondary schools) as well as other skills enhancement institutions. Community empowerment aimed at income generating activities, construction of police station to provide security to the slum dwellers (77%), and construction of better roads (55.3%) were recommended to reduce crime and improved security management in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya.
The Anglophone- Francophone Divide And A Third Space In John Nkemngong Nkengasong’s Across The Mongolo
Authors: Ewusi Ethel Joffi Molua
Published: February 2021

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AN INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY RESEARCH WITH A GESI-PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Said Mashadi , Ismail . , Putri Maharani Ardi , Trirahayu Dewi , Ismail Afandi
Published: February 2021

GESI (Gender Equality and Social Inclusion) is one of the important issues of the world’s concern. For instance, based on UN data, it is estimated that 70% of women are the poorest group in the world. In addition, family head women (the backbone of the family), poor women, the elderly people, people with disabilities, children, minority groups, indigenous peoples, laborers, domestic servants, disaster victims, and other marginalized groups in the frontier, outermost, and isolated regions are still excluded from many university research programs in Indonesia. Therefore, universities need to be encouraged to focus their research activities on GESI. This research was aimed at developing an outcome-based instrument for assessing the performance of university research with a GESI perspective. To achieve this objective, the research method used was instrument development, including three stages, namely preliminary stage (theoretical review), product development stage (theoretical test), and product implementation stage (instrument test). Expert judgment (Borg & Gall, 2003) was employed for the content validity test and Principal Component Analysis (Rigner, 2008) was adopted for the data analysis. The outcome of the research was an Outcome-based Instrument for Assessing the Performance of University Research with a GESI perspective. The result of the research has an implication for the need to improve the quality of research focusing on GESI for lecturers.
Exploring Barriers to International Trade Faced by Sri Lankan Exporters to the Indian Market
Authors: Sumanasiri Ayoma
Published: February 2021

In recent decades, India has emerged as a major economy in the world. Although Sri Lanka is situated in close proximity to India and has entered into trade agreements with India to boost its international trade, it has still not been able to achieve the expected level of growth in exports to India. Based on the 2019 United Nations COMTRAD data, India is the third largest export destination of Sri Lanka, and the export revenue from trade with India amounted to US $ 759 million in 2019. However, the statistics in the past years indicate a drop in Sri Lankan export revenue to India from $ 767 million in 2018 to $ 759 million in 2019. In spite of different bilateral and multilateral trade agreements entered into between the two countries, Sri Lankan export performance still remains unsatisfactory. This indicates that apart from tariff reductions, certain other non-tariff barriers influence international trade performance between the two countries. Therefore, this study aims to explore barriers to Sri Lankan exporters which undermine their international trade performance in the Indian market. The study follows a qualitative research methodology and has collected data using face-to-face unstructured interviews with twenty (20) respondents representing different stakeholders engaged in the process of exporting from Sri Lanka to India. The collected data was coded and analyzed through template analysis. Findings revealed thirty-five (35) important factors which influence successful penetration into and performance in the Indian market. The results reveal that host market and home market characteristics have a greater impact on successful performance in the Indian market than product or firm characteristics.
The Impact of Emerging Wireless Network System and Cybersecurity in A Global Community
Authors: Ele Bassey , Adinya Odey John , I. O Obono,
Published: February 2021

Wireless network systems and cybersecurity threats are growing faster than their mitigation measures. World Economic Forum has identified wireless network security and cybersecurity threats as its top global risks for the past eight years. This paper aims to critically examine the impact of emerging wireless network systems and cybersecurity in a global community and suggest some best countermeasures against wireless and cybersecurity threats that have been of global concern. To achieve this, the study conducted an in-depth review of wireless network security and cybersecurity.  This study has presented a robust wireless security mechanism and suggests appropriate countermeasure against wireless network and cybersecurity threats that is more cost-effective in mounting attacks in the service area, and simultaneously providing higher security than basic security mechanisms.
Did the FED React to Asset Price Bubbles?
Authors: Luik Marc-Andre , Wesselbaum Dennis
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates whether the Federal Reserve Bank (FED) reacted to asset price bubbles before the Great Recession and whether this affected macroeconomic variables. We estimate a DSGE model featuring a financial accelerator and a process for asset price bubbles with different Taylor-rule specifications. We find that a Taylor-rule with a feedback to Tobin’s Q and bubble shocks fits best. Our findings suggest that the FED followed a cleaning rather than a leaning approach prior to the global financial crisis (GFC). Then, we perform a counterfactual analysis and show that this policy created a lower interest rate prior to the GFC compared to a standard Taylor-rule without feedback to financial variables.
Accelerated aging of WPCs Based on Polypropylene and Birch plywood Sanding Dust
Authors: Kajaks Janis , Kalnins Karlis , Matvejs Juris
Published: February 2021

A lot of researchers are closely related with natural, lignocellulose fibre containing bio-composites production and studies. Various of polymer matrices, mainly polyolefins, combinations with natural fibres as a reinforcement are used. Our studies are focused on polypropylene based bio-composites containing birch plywood production by-product sanding dust (PSD) accelerated weathering processes. The obtained results showed the following sight. After the aging the surface of all samples had faded, the changes of the gloss (decreasing) and of the whiteness degree (increasing) also had taken place, but microhardness of the surface of specimens significantly has decreased. The tensile strength and modulus of the samples after UV aging diminished about 30–35%. That indicates to the changes not only in the surface layers of polymer but also inside of the polymer structure. The FTIR measurements showed that during UV aging process occurs significant changes of chemical structure of the weathered surface of all samples. DSC measurements showed an increase of degree of crystallinity of the weathered polypropylene composites after the first heating due to the recrystallization process in the polypropylene matrix and a small decreasing after second heating. The melting temperatures of all composites after UV aging considerably diminish up to 30°C.
Study of the population in terms of knowledge about the distance between vehicles in motion
Authors: Olejnik Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

When using vehicles on the road, road users are exposed to accidents. The human factor contributes greatly to their occurrence. The article presents pilot studies on the state of knowledge of drivers referring to maintaining the necessary distance behind the preceding vehicle in road traffic. The state of knowledge governing applicable law in the field of distance between vehicles was also examined. They were carried out by a group of employees using road transport and students. Even with the new technical devices which determine distance, in addition to the lack of knowledge of drivers in the discussed area, dangers of hitting a preceding vehicle in extreme situations still exist. These are activities in the area of the active safety system in the operation of vehicles in road traffic. The conclusions indicate the need to conduct management training and to amend the provisions in the applicable road traffic law.
Comparison of P- and As-core-modified porphyrins with the parental porphyrin: a computational study
Authors: Kuznetsov Aleksey E.
Published: February 2021

The first comparative DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) study of the Zn-porphyrin and its two derivatives, ZnP(P)4 and ZnP(As)4, is reported. For all three species studied, ZnP, ZnP(P)4 and ZnP(As)4, the singlet was calculated to be the lowest-energy structure and singlet-triplet gap was found to decrease from ca. 41—42 kcal/mol for N to ca. 17—18 kcal/mol for P and to ca. 10 kcal/mol for As. Both ZnP(P)4 and ZnP(As)4 were calculated to attain very pronounced bowl-like shapes. The frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) of the core-modified porphyrins are quite similar to the ZnP frontier MOs. For the HOMO-2 of the core-modified porphyrins due to the ZnP(P)4/ZnP(As)4 bowl-like shapes we might suppose the existence of “internal” electron delocalization inside the ZnP(P)4/ZnP(As)4 “bowls”. Noticeable reduction of the HOMO/LUMO gaps was calculated for ZnP(P)4 and ZnP(As)4, by ca. 1.10 and 1.47 eV, respectively, compared to ZnP. The core-modification of porphyrins by P and especially by As was found to result in significant decrease of the charge on Zn-centers, by ca. 0.61—0.67e for P and by ca. 0.69—0.76e for As. Charges on P- and As-centers were computed to have large positive values, ca. 0.41—0.45e and ca. 0.43—0.47e, for P and As, respectively, compared to significant negative values, ca. −0.65 to −0.66e for N. The porphyrin core-modification by heavier N congeners, P and As, can noticeably modify the structures, electronic, and optical properties of porphyrins, thus affecting their reactivity and potential applications.
Floppy molecules—their internal dynamics, spectroscopy and applications
Authors: Gulaczyk Iwona , Kręglewski Marek
Published: February 2021

Floppy molecules can be defined as molecules performing large amplitude vibrations (LAVs). There are different types of LAVs among which the most common are inversion and internal rotation. Molecules with LAVs have been of great interest for a very long time since their dynamic, geometry and molecular spectra were very often considered as a challenge. In the review, we present an outline of the history and development of various theoretical approaches concerning molecules with LAVs. Different types of LAVs are described with the emphasis on inversion tunneling (wagging) and internal rotation (torsion). Furthermore, strategies for building explicit and effective Hamiltonians are given and explained in detail using a hydrazine molecule, which is an exemplary molecule performing three LAVs—two inversions and one internal rotation. Since floppy molecules play a significant role in numerous areas as chemistry, pharmacy, astrophysics, biology, agriculture etc., we also provide an overview of their applications.
Review on stationary phases and coating methods of MEMs gas chromatography columns
Authors: Yang Liu , Qin Molin , Yang Junchao , Zhang Genwei , Wei Jiana
Published: February 2021

Gas chromatography (GC) is an important and widely used technique for separation and analysis in the field of analytical chemistry. Micro gas chromatography has been developed in response to the requirement for on-line analysis and on-site analysis. At the core of micro gas chromatography, microelectromechanical systems (MEMs) have the advantages of small size and low power consumption. This article introduces the stationary phases of micro columns in recent years, including polymer, carbon materials, silica, gold nanoparticles, inorganic adsorbents and ionic liquids. Preparation techniques ranging from classical coating to unusual sputtering of stationary phases are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods are analyzed. The paper introduces the separation characteristics and application progress of MEMs columns and discusses possible developments.
Single and multiple springback technique for construction and control of thick prismatic mesh layers
Authors: Garanzha Vladimir A. , Kudryavtseva Lyudmila N. , Belokrys-Fedotov Aleksei I.
Published: February 2021

We suggest an algorithm for construction of semi-structured thick prismatic mesh layers which guarantees an absence of inverted prismatic cells in resulting layer and allows one to control near-surface mesh orthogonality. Initial mesh is modelled as a thin layer of highly compressed prisms made of hyperelastic material glued to the triangulated surface. In order to compute robust normals at the vertices of the surface mesh we use quadratic programming algorithm based on the nearest ball concept. This pre-stressed material expands, possibly with self-penetration and extrusion to exterior of computational domain until target layer thickness is attained. Special preconditioned relaxation procedure is proposed based on the solution of stationary springback problem. It is shown that preconditioner can handle very stiff problems. Once an offset prismatic mesh is constructed, self-intersections are eliminated using iterative prism cutting procedure.Next, variational advancing front procedure is applied for refinement and precise orthogonalization of prismatic layer near boundaries. We demonstrate that resulting mesh layer is ‘almost mesh-independent’ in a sense that the dependence of thickness and shape of the layer on mesh resolution and triangle quality is weak. It is possible to apply elastic springback technique sequentially layer by layer. We compare single springback technique with multiple springback technique in terms of mesh quality, stiffness of local variational problems and mesh orthogonality or/and layer thickness balance.
Numerical model of gravity segregation of two-phase fluid in porous media based on hybrid upwinding
Authors: Ivanov Maxim I. , Kremer Igor A. , Laevsky Yuri M.
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses the numerical algorithm constructing a three-dimensional model for a flow of two-phase incompressible fluid caused by the mass force of gravity in a porous medium. The algorithm is based on a combination of a hybrid upwind method with an explicit scheme for determination of the saturation. The hybrid upwinding allows us to take into account flows of fluid of various nature (in this case, viscous and gravitational flows) separately, which is extremely important in the case of gravitational flow with opposite directions of phase flows. The explicit scheme being extremely simple in implementation provides a small dispersion of solutions on discontinuities. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by the results of numerical experiments demonstrating the monotonicity of the method considered in this paper.
Numerical solution of the problem of variational data assimilation to restore heat fluxes and initial state for the ocean thermodynamics model
Authors: Shutyaev Victor P. , Parmuzin Eugene I.
Published: February 2021

For the model of ocean thermodynamics developed at the Institute of Numerical Mathematics of RAS, the problem of variational data assimilation is considered in order to restore heat fluxes on the ocean surface and initial state of the model. Iterative solution algorithms are proposed for the optimality system, justification of these algorithms is given based on properties of the control operator. The results of numerical experiments for the model of the Black Sea dynamics are presented.
Numerische Simulation zur Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit für die Kalibrierung von Massenormalen durch Transferkörper
Authors: Lehrmann Katharina , Härtig Frank , Tutsch Rainer
Published: February 2021

Monte Carlo Verfahren eignen sich zur Bestimmung der Fertigungsgenauigkeit und Messunsicherheit für die Kalibrierung von Massenormalen unter Verwendung von Sorptions-, Duplex- und Auftriebskörpern, hier Transferkörper genannt. Bestimmt werden die aufgabenspezifischen Messunsicherheiten für die Messgrößen Masse, Oberfläche und Volumen. Die Eingangsgrößenen der Simulationen ergeben sich aus den vorgegebenen Fertigungstoleranzen sowie aus den Messunsicherheiten der verwendeten Längenmessgeräte. Das entwickelte Modell erlaubt es, die vorgestellten Transferkörper mit einem einheitlichen Ansatz nach den Vorgaben des GUM zu berechnen. Ergebnisse zu Transferkörpern aus Silizium mit einer Nennmasse von 1 kg werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Managing Latin: support and intratextual translation as mediation strategies in the history of English
Authors: Nurmi Arja , Skaffari Janne
Published: February 2021

Our study maps the practices of managing Latin in English texts from over a thousand years. Mediation is a communicative activity which involves explaining the content of a conversation or text to another person. In contexts of multilingual writing, this is typically self-mediation, which a writer may perform by complementing code-switches with intratextual translations in the text. The data for the study are drawn from corpora of English historical texts, dictionaries and manuscripts, and mediation is analyzed in terms of support, intratextual translation and flagging. The findings show that while cognitive support helps a reader understand all of the content of the text, intratextual translation may also have relational functions, where the reader is expected to understand both languages used, as when code-switching and translation are a vehicle for humor. Intratextual translation can also be used to add credibility to the writer’s argument or to link it to a broader discussion on the topic. Mediation is also facilitated by flagging code-switching and intratextual translation metalinguistically or visually. Support is needed for Latin as a language which has always been part of relatively few English-speakers’ repertoire, but these strategies are expected to apply to other language pairs as well.
Analysis and chemotaxonomic significance of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from two Boraginaceae species growing in Algeria
Authors: Benamar Houari , Marouf Abderrazak , Bennaceur Malika
Published: February 2021

In the current study the pyrrolizidine alkaloid profiles of the species Echium sabulicola ssp. decipiens (Pomel) Klotz and Solenanthus lanatus DC were studied in various extracts. In addition, a chemotaxonomic study within the genus and the family was carried out. The analysis was carried out by using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and by comparing the Kovats Indices and molecular and fragment ions with literature data. Twenty-three alkaloids were tentatively identified. The results showed the presence of already reported compounds as well as previously unreported ones leading both to a confirmation of the botanical classification of the two studied species and to a brand new path in the chemotaxonomy of Boraginaceae family. The presence of some pyrrolizidine alkaloids sets limits for the usage of these plants for medicinal purposes. The identified compounds confirm the botanical classification of the studied species as members of the Boraginaceae family and their presence advices against their use in the ethnopharmacological field.
Better Than You Think—Appropriate Use of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators at a Single Academic Center: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Shah Nikhil H. , Ross Steven J. , Njapo Steve A. Noutong , Merritt Justin , Kolarich Andrew , Kaufmann Michael , Miles William M. , Winchester David E. , Burkart Thomas A. , McKillop Matthew
Published: February 2021

Background: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) can be life-saving devices, although they are expensive and may cause complications. In 2013, several professional societies published joint appropriate use criteria (AUC) assessing indications for ICD implantation. Data evaluating the clinical application of AUC are limited. Previous registry-based studies estimated that 22.5% of primary prevention ICD implantations were “non-evidence-based” implantations. On the basis of AUC, we aimed to determine the prevalence of “rarely appropriate” ICD implantation at our institution for comparison with previous estimates.

Methods: We reviewed 286 patients who underwent ICD implantation between 2013 and 2016. Appropriateness of each ICD implantation was assessed by independent review and rated on the basis of AUC.

Results: Of 286 ICD implantations, two independent reviewers found that 89.5% and 89.2%, respectively, were appropriate, 5.6% and 7.3% may be appropriate, and 1.8% and 2.1% were rarely appropriate. No AUC indication was found for 3.5% and 3.4% of ICD implantations, respectively. Secondary prevention ICD implantations were more likely rarely appropriate (2.6% vs. 1.2% and 3.6% vs. 1.1%) or unrated (6.0% vs. 1.2% and 2.7% vs. 0.6%). The reviewers found 3.5% and 3.4% of ICD implantations, respectively, were non-evidence-based implantations. The difference in rates between reviewers was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Compared with prior reports, our prevalence of rarely appropriate ICD implantation was very low. The high appropriate use rate could be explained by the fact that AUC are based on current clinical practice. The AUC could benefit from additional secondary prevention indications. Most importantly, clinical judgement and individualized care should determine which patients receive ICDs irrespective of guidelines or criteria.