bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PhosBoost: Improved phosphorylation prediction recall using gradient boosting and protein language models
Authors: Poretsky Elly , Andorf Carson M. , Sen Taner Z.
Published: December 2023

Protein phosphorylation is a dynamic and reversible post‐translational modification that regulates a variety of essential biological processes. The regulatory role of phosphorylation in cellular signaling pathways, protein–protein interactions, and enzymatic activities has motivated extensive research efforts to understand its functional implications. Experimental protein phosphorylation data in plants remains limited to a few species, necessitating a scalable and accurate prediction method. Here, we present PhosBoost, a machine‐learning approach that leverages protein language models and gradient‐boosting trees to predict protein phosphorylation from experimentally derived data. Trained on data obtained from a comprehensive plant phosphorylation database, qPTMplants, we compared the performance of PhosBoost to existing protein phosphorylation prediction methods, PhosphoLingo and DeepPhos. For serine and threonine prediction, PhosBoost achieved higher recall than PhosphoLingo and DeepPhos (.78, .56, and .14, respectively) while maintaining a competitive area under the precision‐recall curve (.54, .56, and .42, respectively). PhosphoLingo and DeepPhos failed to predict any tyrosine phosphorylation sites, while PhosBoost achieved a recall score of .6. Despite the precision‐recall tradeoff, PhosBoost offers improved performance when recall is prioritized while consistently providing more confident probability scores. A sequence‐based pairwise alignment step improved prediction results for all classifiers by effectively increasing the number of inferred positive phosphosites. We provide evidence to show that PhosBoost models are transferable across species and scalable for genome‐wide protein phosphorylation predictions. PhosBoost is freely and publicly available on GitHub.
Quantum Random Access Codes Implementation for Resource Allocation and Coexistence with Classical Telecommunication
Authors: Ribezzo Domenico , Salazar Roberto , Czartowski Jakub , Segur Flora , Lemmi Gianmarco , Petitjean Antoine , Farrugia Noel , Xuereb André , Bacco Davide , Zavatta Alessandro
Published: December 2023

In a world where Quantum Networks are rapidly becoming a reality, the development of the Quantum Internet is gaining increasing interest. Nevertheless, modern quantum networks are still in the early stages of development and have limited capacity to distribute resources among different users – a constraint that needs to be taken into account. In this work, it aims to investigate these constraints, using a novel setup for implementing Quantum Random Access Codes (QRACs), communication protocols known for their quantum advantage over their classical counterparts and semi‐ device‐independent self‐testing applications. The QRAC states, made for the first time using weak coherent pulses instead of entangled single photons, allow us to experimentally test the encoding and decoding strategy from the resource allocation perspective. Moreover, by emulating a coexistent classical communication, it test the resilience of the implementation in presence of noise. The achieved results represent a significant milestone both for theoretical studies of quantum resource allocation and for the implementation of quantum infrastructures capable of coexisting with regular telecommunication networks.
Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Studies of Integrated Benzylidenethiazolidine‐2,4‐Dione and Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐Carboxylate Derivatives as Potent Antidiabetic agents
Authors: Nagaraju Begari , Rajeswari Muthirevula , Vedasree Nalluri , Rao Chippada Appa , Srinivasa Vulichi R. , Prabha Thangavelu , Rao Chunduri Venkata , Maddila Suresh
Published: December 2023

The present work describes the synthesis of new series of 5‐arylidene‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione, thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylate derivatives 9 a–o. A variety of spectroscopic techniques like IR, 13CNMR, 1HNMR and LCMS were used to establish the presence of the every synthesized scaffold. The antioxidant activity of the target compounds has been studied by three different methods indicated the significant DPPH, NO and H2O2. Further, all the derivatives were evaluated for the in vitro antidiabetic potential against human pancreatic α‐amylase (PDB ID: 5NN3) and human lysosomal acid α‐glucosidase (PDB ID: 2QV4) enzymes followed by Molecular docking studies to ascertain the binding interactions of the compounds with the enzymes. The compounds 9 b and 9 g containing methoxy groups were found to exhibit potent antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. Therefore, it was rationalized that two privileged pharmacophores i. e. aryledenethiazolidine‐2,4‐dione and thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylate assimilated hybrids, may be beneficial as lead template for the advance of future anti‐diabetic agents. Thus, benzylidenethiazolidine‐2,4‐dione and thieno[2,3‐d], the two preferred pharmacophores, were rationalized. Assimilation of ‐pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylate hybrids could be advantageous as a lead template for the development of new anti‐diabetic drugs.
Amorphous Vanadium Oxides with Dual ion Storage Mechanism for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Yandong , Cao Weinan , Liu Yonghang , Li Qiulin , Cai Shinan , Bao Shu‐juan , Xu Maowen
Published: December 2023

Owing to the extremely limited structural deformation caused by the introduction of guest ions that their rigid structure can sustain, crystalline materials typically fail owing to structural collapse when utilized as electrode materials. Amorphous materials, conversely, are more resistant to volume expansion during dynamic ion transport and can introduce a lot of defects as active sites. Here, The amorphous polyaniline‐coated/intercalated V2O5·nH2O (PVOH) nanowires are prepared by in situ chemical oxidation combined with self‐assembly strategy, which exhibited impressive electrochemical properties because of its short‐range ordered crystal structure, oxygen vacancy/defect‐rich, improved electronic channels, and ionic channels. Through in situ techniques, the energy storage mechanism of its Zn2+/H+ co‐storage is investigated and elucidated. Additionally, this work provides new insights and perspectives for the investigation and application of amorphous cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Precise Synthesis of Organic Cocrystal Alloys with Full‐Spectrum Emission Characteristics for the Stepless Color Changing Display
Authors: Yang Jing , Ma Ying‐Xin , Zong Yi , Sun Mao , Wang Yun , Zhang Ren‐Long , Feng Jin , Wang Chuan‐Zeng , Zhuo Shu‐Ping , Zhou Jin , Shi Ying‐Li , Chen Shu‐Hai , Wang Xue‐Dong , Lin Hong‐Tao
Published: December 2023

Organic luminescent materials are indispensable in optoelectronic displays and solid‐state luminescence applications. Compared with single‐component, multi‐component crystalline materials can improve optoelectronic characteristics. This work forms a series of full‐spectrum tunable luminescent charge‐transfer (CT) cocrystals ranging from 400 to 800 nm through intermolecular collaborative self‐assembly. What is even more interesting is that o‐TCP‐Cor(x)‐Pe(1−x), p‐TCP‐Cor(x)‐Pe(1−x), and o‐TCP‐AN(x)‐TP(1−x) alloys are prepared based on cocrystals by doping strategies, which correspondingly achieve the stepless color change from blue (CIE [0.22, 0.44]) to green (CIE [0.16, 0.14]), from green (CIE [0.27, 0.56]) to orange (CIE [0.58, 0.42]), from yellow (CIE [0.40, 0.57]) to red (CIE [0.65, 0.35]). The work provides an efficient method for precisely synthesizing new luminescent organic semiconductor materials and lays a solid foundation for developing advanced organic solid‐state displays.
Multi‐Enzyme Activity of MIL‐101 (Fe)‐Derived Cascade Nano‐Enzymes for Antitumor and Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , Wang Liling , Zhuo Yong , Xu Shengyu , Liu Hehe , Jiang Xuemei , Lu Zhiwei , Wang Xianxiang , Wang Yanying , Yue Guizhou , Feng Bin , Rao Hanbing , Wu De
Published: December 2023

The clinical application of oncology therapy is hampered by high glutathione concentrations, hypoxia, and inefficient activation of cell death mechanisms in cancer cells. In this study, Fe and Mo bimetallic sulfide nanomaterial (FeS2@MoS2) based on metal‐organic framework structure is rationally prepared with peroxidase (POD)‐, catalase (CAT)‐, superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activities and glutathione depletion ability, which can confer versatility for treating tumors and mending wounds. In the lesion area, FeS2@MoS2 with SOD‐like activity can facilitate the transformation of superoxide anions (O2−) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and then the resulting H2O2 serves as a substrate for the Fenton reaction with FMS to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (∙OH). Simultaneously, FeS2@MoS2 has an ability to deplete glutathione (GSH) and catalyze the decomposition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to curb the regeneration of GSH from the source. Thus it can realize effective tumor elimination through synergistic apoptosis‐ferroptosis strategy. Based on the alteration of the H2O2 system, free radical production, glutathione depletion and the alleviation of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, FeS2@MoS2 NPS can not only significantly inhibit tumors in vivo and in vitro, but also inhibit multidrug‐resistant bacteria and hasten wound healing. It may open the door to the development of cascade nanoplatforms for effective tumor treatment and overcoming wound infection.
Optimization Design of Thrust Characteristics of Switched Flux Linear Motor
Authors: Feng Haichao , Yang Dongqing , Xu Xiaozhuo , Gao Caixia , Ai Liwang
Published: December 2023

The structure of permanent magnet flux‐switching linear motor (PMFSLM) with permanent magnet and coil as short primary mover and slotted core as long secondary stator can solve the problem of high cost in the long‐stroke transportation field, but PMFSLM has the phenomenon of top magnetic flux leakage. The permanent magnet on the mover side of U‐shaped permanent magnet flux‐switching linear motor (UPM‐FSLM) is arranged in a U shape, which improves the utilization rate of the permanent magnet of the motor. In order to reduce the edge effect and suppress the thrust ripple, based on the size parameters of PMFSLM prototype, a UPM‐FSLM with arc‐shaped assistant permanent magnet teeth structure is proposed, its specific structure and operation mechanism are introduced; In order to obtain the optimal thrust characteristics, the Taguchi method is used to screen the arc‐shaped assistant permanent magnets teeth sensitive parameters, and then the NSGA II algorithm based on the response surface method is used for comprehensive multi‐objective optimization. The results show that compared with PMFSLM, the average thrust of the optimized motor is increased by 16.09%, and the thrust ripple is reduced by 91.78%. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Electromagnetic radiation at extreme angular velocity
Authors: Buzzegoli Matteo , Tuchin Kirill
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We consider a system rotating at extremely high angular velocity, so that its matter is found mostly at the light-cylinder. We posit that it can be described by quantum fields confined to the two-dimensional cylindrical surface rotating about its symmetry axis. We apply this model to study the electromagnetic radiation. In particular, we compute the photon spectrum emitted by the quark-gluon plasma.
Nicolai maps with four-fermion interactions
Authors: Casarin Lorenzo , Lechtenfeld Olaf , Rupprecht Maximilian
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Nicolai maps offer an alternative description of supersymmetric theories via nonlinear and nonlocal transformations characterized by the so-called ‘free-action’ and ‘determinant-matching’ conditions. The latter expresses the equality of the Jacobian determinant of the transformation with the one obtained by integrating out the fermions, which so far have been considered only to quadratic terms. We argue that such a restriction is not substantial, as Nicolai maps can be constructed for arbitrary nonlinear sigma models, which feature four-fermion interactions. The fermionic effective one-loop action then gets generalized to higher loops and the perturbative tree expansion of such Nicolai maps receives quantum corrections in the form of fermion loop decorations. The ‘free-action condition’ continues to hold for the classical map, but the ‘determinant-matching condition’ is extended to an infinite hierarchy in fermion loop order. After general considerations for sigma models in four dimensions, we specialize to the case ofℂPNsymmetric spaces and construct the associated Nicolai map. These sigma models admit a formulation with only quadratic fermions via an auxiliary vector field, which does not simplify our analysis.
Modular differential equations with movable poles and admissible RCFT characters
Authors: Das Arpit , Gowdigere Chethan N. , Mukhi Sunil , Santara Jagannath
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Studies of modular linear differential equations (MLDE) for the classification of rational CFT characters have been limited to the case where the coefficient functions (in monic form) have no poles, or poles at special points of moduli space. Here we initiate an exploration of the vast territory of MLDEs with two characters and any number of poles at arbitrary points of moduli space. We show how to parametrise the most general equation precisely and count its parameters. Eliminating logarithmic singularities at all the poles provides constraint equations for the accessory parameters. By taking suitable limits, we find recursion relations between solutions for different numbers of poles. The cases of one and two movable poles are examined in detail and compared with predictions based on quasi-characters to find complete agreement. We also comment on the limit of coincident poles. Finally we show that there exist genuine CFT corresponding to many of the newly-studied cases. We emphasise that the modular data is an output, rather than an input, of our approach.
Comparison of burr hole drainage and craniotomy for acute liquid epidural hematoma in pediatric patients
Authors: Ma Haozhi , Cui Qunjian , Wang Bo , Chen Junfeng , Wei Zhixuan
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To compare the impact of burr hole drainage and craniotomy for acute liquid epidural hematoma (LEDH) in pediatric patients.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled pediatric patients with LEDH who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, China, between October 2011 and December 2019. According to the surgical procedure, patients were divided into the craniotomy group and the burr hole drainage group.

Results

A total of 21 pediatric patients were enrolled (14 males, aged 7.19 ± 2.77 years), including 13 cases in the burr hole drainage group and 8 patients in the craniotomy group. The operation time and hospitalization period in the burr hole drainage group were 33.38 ± 6.99 min and 9.85 ± 1.07 days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than that in the craniotomy group (74.25 ± 9.68 min and 13.38 ± 1.71 days, respectively; all p < 0.05). The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score after burr hole drainage was significantly improved than before (median: 15 vs 13, p < 0.05). No serious complications were observed in either group; one patient in the craniotomy group developed an infection at the incision point. All patients were conscious (GCS score was 15) at discharge.

Conclusion

Compared with craniotomy, burr hole drainage was associated with better clinical outcomes and early recovery in patients with LEDH.
Roboter und Aorta – Beginn einer neuen Freundschaft?
Authors: Rusch R. , Hoffmann G. , Berndt R. , Beckmann J. , Becker T. , Rusch M.
Published: December 2023

In verschiedenen chirurgischen Disziplinen ist die roboterassistierte Chirurgie indikationsbezogen mittlerweile ein Standardverfahren. Obwohl frühzeitig roboterassistierte Eingriffe im Bereich der infrarenalen Aorta durchgeführt wurden, konnten sich diese Techniken jedoch bisher nicht im Bereich der vaskulären Chirurgie etablieren. In dieser Arbeit wird zunächst die Historie der roboterassistierten Aortenchirurgie (RAC) beschrieben. Es folgen die bisherigen Entwicklungen und Erfahrungen sowie die daraus entstandenen Techniken im Bereich der aortoiliakalen Verschlusskrankheit (AIOD) und des abdominellen Aortenaneurysmas (AAA). Danach werden die potenziellen Stärken und Schwächen der roboterassistierten Chirurgie und die möglichen Anwendungsgebiete in der Gefäßchirurgie diskutiert. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt bestehen bei der RAC noch regulatorische und finanzielle Hürden sowie eine unzureichende Evidenz, sodass sie aktuell nur als experimenteller Spezialeingriff an hoch spezialisierten Zentren eingestuft werden kann. Unabhängig davon besitzt die RAC perspektivisch angesichts der fortlaufenden Innovationen im Bereich robotischer Plattformen und Digitalisierung ein großes Potenzial.
Organized thrombus is a frequent underlying feature in culprit lesion morphology in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. A study using optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ekström Kathrine , Jensen Maria Radu Juul , Holmvang Lene , Joshi Francis Richard , Iversen Allan Zeeberg , Madsen Per Lav , Olsen Niels Thue , Pedersen Frants , Sørensen Rikke , Tilsted Hans-Henrik , Engstrøm Thomas , Lønborg Jacob
Published: December 2023

The concept that the culprit lesion in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is caused by sudden plaque rupture with acute thrombus formation has recently been challenged. While angiography is an old gold-standard for culprit identification it merely visualizes the lumen contour. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a detailed view of culprit features. Combined with myocardial edema on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), indicating acute ischemia and thus culprit location, we aimed to characterize culprit lesions using OCT. Patients with NSTEMI referred for angiography were prospectively enrolled. OCT was performed on angiographic stenoses ≥50% and on operator-suspected culprit lesions. Hierarchical OCT-culprit identifiers were defined in case of multiple unstable lesions, including OCT-defined thrombus age. An OCT-based definition of an organizing thrombus as corresponding to histological early healing stage was introduced. Lesions were classified as OCT-culprit or non-culprit, and characteristics compared. CMR was performed in a subset of patients. We included 65 patients with 97 lesions, of which 49 patients (75%) had 53 (54%) OCT-culprit lesions. The most common OCT-culprit identifiers were the presence of acute (66%) and organizing thrombus (19%). Plaque rupture was visible in 45% of OCT-culprit lesions. CMR performed in 38 patients revealed myocardial oedema in the corresponding territories of 67% of acute thrombi and 50% of organizing thrombi. A culprit lesion was identified by OCT in 75% patients with NSTEMI. Acute thrombus was the most frequent feature followed by organizing thrombus. Applying specific OCT-criteria to identify the culprit could prove valuable in ambiguous cases.
Why do we Need to go Digital? Process of Developing an Online Facilitator Training Platform for a Global Family Skills Programme for Drug Use Prevention
Authors: Haar Karin , Urlicic Mara , El-Khani Aala , Martinelli Giulia , Maalouf Wadih
Published: December 2023

Strong Families is a programme developed for families living in challenged or stressful settings to prevent poor mental health and developmental outcomes, violence, and substance use. Facilitators are conventionally trained in person over two full days, by experienced international trainers. During the COVID-19 pandemic and due to travel restrictions, we developed an online course to deliver the content of the training manual electronically, with videos explaining the most difficult exercises, note taking functions and click and reveal activities to check their understanding. We further blended synchronous and asynchronous course formats to accommodate facilitators’ different time zones and work schedules. We tied two educational theories (Malcom Knowles theory of andragogy and Blooms taxonomy) into the Strong Families online course, to ensure learners are easily able to understand content, remember it and implement the gained skills within their communities. The aim of this paper is to discuss the process of the development of the Learning Management System and the Strong Families online course, as well as its benefits, key tools and essential considerations for replication through the UNODC multi-country and inter-disciplinary experience in digitalizing the Strong Family skills prevention tool to support other institutions interested in such a process, including in anticipation of future similar circumstances. To date, our online course has been made available in 10 languages, benefitting facilitators from 11 countries and the respective beneficiary families. Further impact evaluation, fidelity of implementation during national scale up and return on investment of integration of blended-learning concepts still need to be assessed.
Unsupervised item response theory models for assessing sample heterogeneity in patient-reported outcomes measures
Authors: Sajobi Tolulope T. , Sanusi Ridwan A. , Mayo Nancy E. , Sawatzky Richard , Kongsgaard Nielsen Lene , Sebille Veronique , Liu Juxin , Bohm Eric , Awosoga Oluwagbohunmi , Norris Colleen M. , Wilton Stephen B. , James Matthew T. , Lix Lisa M.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Unsupervised item-response theory (IRT) models such as polytomous IRT based on recursive partitioning (IRTrees) and mixture IRT (MixIRT) models can be used to assess differential item functioning (DIF) in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) when the covariates associated with DIF are unknown a priori. This study examines the consistency of results for IRTrees and MixIRT models.

Methods

Data were from 4478 individuals in the Alberta Provincial Project on Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease registry who received cardiac angiography in Alberta, Canada, and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) depression subscale items. The partial credit model (PCM) based on recursive partitioning (PCTree) and mixture PCM (MixPCM) were used to identify covariates associated with differential response patterns to HADS depression subscale items. Model covariates included demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results

The median (interquartile range) age was 64.5(15.7) years, and 3522(78.5%) patients were male. The PCTree identified 4 terminal nodes (subgroups) defined by smoking status, age, and body mass index. A 3-class PCM fits the data well. The MixPCM latent classes were defined by age, disease indication, smoking status, comorbid diabetes, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Conclusion

PCTree and MixPCM were not consistent in detecting covariates associated with differential interpretations of PROM items. Future research will use computer simulations to assess these models’ Type I error and statistical power for identifying covariates associated with DIF.
Metagenomic and genomic analysis of heavy metal-tolerant and -resistant bacteria in resource islands in a semi-arid zone of the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Herrera-Calderon Andrea Carolina , Leal Leslie , Suárez-Bautista Jeimy Daniela , Manotas-Viloria Hillary Sharid , Muñoz-García Andrea , Franco Diego , Arenas Nelson Enrique , Vanegas Javier
Published: December 2023

Bacteria from resource islands can adapt to different extreme conditions in semi-arid regions. We aimed to determine the potential resistance and tolerance to heavy metals from the bacterial community under the canopy of three resource islands in a semi-arid zone of the Colombian Caribbean. Total DNA was extracted from soil and through a metagenomics approach, we identified genes related to heavy metal tolerance and resistance under the influence of drought and humidity conditions, as well as the presence or absence of vegetation. We characterized the genomes of bacterial isolates cultivated in the presence of four heavy metals. The abundances of genes related to heavy metal resistance and tolerance were favored by soil moisture and the presence of vegetation. We observed a high abundance of resistance genes (60.4%) for Cu, Zn, and Ni, while 39.6% represented tolerance. These genes positively correlated with clay and silt content, and negatively correlated with sand content. Resistance and tolerance were associated with detoxification mechanisms involving oxidoreductase enzymes, metalloproteases, and hydrolases, as well as transmembrane proteins involved in metal transport such as efflux pumps and ion transmembrane transporters. The Bacillus velezensis C3-3 and Cytobacillus gottheilii T106 isolates showed resistance to 5 mM of Cd, Co, Mn, and Ni through detoxification genes associated with ABC pumps, metal transport proteins, ion antiporter proteins, and import systems, among others. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of bacteria from resource islands in bioremediation processes of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
Experimental study on monotonic to high-cyclic behaviour of sand-silt mixtures
Authors: Tafili Merita , Knittel Lukas , Gauger Vera , Wichtmann Torsten , Stutz Hans Henning
Published: December 2023

The naturally deposited soil usually does not consist of pure coarse or fine-grained soil but of a mixture of both. The mechanical behaviour of a saturated fine sand mixed with varying amounts of low-plastic fines was evaluated by monotonic as well as high-cyclic triaxial tests. The test results were used to conclude on the effect of fines content on the critical state, phase transformation line, secant Young’s modulus, the residual strain accumulation as well as strain amplitude during drained cycles of the mixtures in relation to the global void ratio as well as to the equivalent void ratio. It was found that while the choice of void ratio definition is important for the uniqueness of the critical void ratio, both approaches can be used as state variables for the phase transformation line. However, some seemingly contradictive results are found from the drained high-cyclic tests. Eventhough, an increase of the residual strain accumulation with decreasing fines content compared at the same initial equivalent void ratio is rendered by the laboratory data, a unique and on fines content independent relationship between $$\varepsilon ^{\rm{acc}}$$

ε
acc

could be established only with respect to the initial global void ratio.
Bildungsforschung – vernachlässigte Aspekte ihrer Geschichte am Beispiel der Theoriearbeit von Wolfgang Edelstein
Authors: Tenorth Heinz-Elmar
Published: December 2023

Der Beitrag gilt bisher wenig beachteten Aspekten der Geschichte der „Bildungsforschung“. Ausgehend von der Standardgeschichte, dass empirische Bildungsforschung im Berliner Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung seinen Ursprung habe und dort geprägt wurde, zeigt der Beitrag nicht nur den weiteren Kontext, der die primer in the field-These schon erschüttert, sondern auch die internen Konflikte und die Varianz im Konzept. Vor allem aber gilt die Analyse einer bis heute in ihrer komplexen Gestalt ignorierten Variante von Bildungsforschung, die Wolfgang Edelstein, seit der Gründung dem MPI eng verbunden, früh entwickelt, interdisziplinär konstituiert und kontinuierlich intensiv ausgearbeitet hat. Seine kritische Theorie der Bildung stellt eine Option dar, die den theoretischen Leerstellen der empirischen Bildungsforschung ein theoretisch gehaltvolles, gesellschaftskritisches, aber gleichwohl engagiert in empirischer Forschung verankertes Forschungsprogramm entgegenstellt.
Asymptotics for Christoffel functions associated to continuum Schrödinger operators
Authors: Eichinger Benjamin
Published: December 2023

We prove asymptotics of the Christoffel function, λL(ξ), of a continuum Schrödinger operator for points in the interior of the essential spectrum under some mild conditions on the spectral measure. It is shown that LλL(ξ) has a limit and that this limit is given by the Radon–Nikodym derivative of the spectral measure with respect to the Martin measure. Combining this with a recently developed local criterion for universality limits at scale λL(ξ), we compute universality limits for continuum Schrödinger operators at scale L and obtain clock spacing of the eigenvalues of the finite range truncations.
Adaptation and validation of an artificial intelligence based digital radiogrammetry tool for assessing bone health of indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes
Authors: Oza Chirantap , Antani Misha , Mondkar Shruti , Bhor Shital , Kajale Neha , Kajale Shilpa , Goel Pranay , Khadilkar Vaman , Khadilkar Anuradha
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives

BoneXpert (BX) is an artificial intelligence software used primarily for bone age assessment. Besides, it can also be used to screen for bone health using the digital radiogrammetry tool called bone health index (BHI) for which normative reference values available are calculated from healthy European children. Due to ethnic difference in bone geometry, in a previous study, we generated reference curves based on healthy Indian children. The objectives of this study were: 1) To assess and compare bone health of Indian children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) using both European and Indian BHI SDS reference data and 2) To identify determinants of poor bone health in Indian children and youth with T1D by using BHI tool (based on BHI-SDS Indian reference data) of BX.

Method

The BHI was assessed retrospectively in 1159 subjects with T1D using digitalised left-hand x-rays and SDS were computed using European and Indian data. The demographic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemistry, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) data collection were performed using standard protocols and were extracted from hospital records.

Results

The BHI correlated well with DXA and pQCT parameters in subjects with T1D. BHI-SDS calculated using Indian reference data had better correlation with height and DXA parameters. 8.6% study participants had low (less than −2) BHI-SDS (Indian), with height SDS having significant effect. Subjects with low BHI-SDS were older, shorter and had higher duration of diabetes. They also had lower IGF1 and vitamin D concentrations, bone mineral density, and trabecular density. Female gender, increased duration of illness, poor glycaemic control, and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency were significant predictors of poor BHI-SDS.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the utility of digital radiogrammetry AI tool to screen for bone health of children with T1D and demonstrates and highlights the necessity of interpretation using ethnicity specific normative data.
Exploring the advances of single-cell RNA sequencing in thyroid cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Tan Joecelyn Kirani , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Roy Sakshi , Ferreira Tomas , Ahluwalia Arjun , Guggilapu Saibaba , Javed Mahnoor , Asyura Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir , Adebusoye Favour Tope , Ramamoorthy Krishna , Paoletti Emma , Abdul-Rahman Toufik , Prykhodko Olha , Ovechkin Denys
Published: December 2023

Thyroid cancer, a prevalent form of endocrine malignancy, has witnessed a substantial increase in occurrence in recent decades. To gain a comprehensive understanding of thyroid cancer at the single-cell level, this narrative review evaluates the applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in thyroid cancer research. ScRNA-seq has revolutionised the identification and characterisation of distinct cell subpopulations, cell-to-cell communications, and receptor interactions, revealing unprecedented heterogeneity and shedding light on novel biomarkers for therapeutic discovery. These findings aid in the construction of predictive models on disease prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Altogether, scRNA-seq has deepened our understanding of the tumour microenvironment immunologic insights, informing future studies in the development of effective personalised treatment for patients. Challenges and limitations of scRNA-seq, such as technical biases, financial barriers, and ethical concerns, are discussed. Advancements in computational methods, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL), and the importance of single-cell data sharing and collaborative efforts are highlighted. Future directions of scRNA-seq in thyroid cancer research include investigating intra-tumoral heterogeneity, integrating with other omics technologies, exploring the non-coding RNA landscape, and studying rare subtypes. Overall, scRNA-seq has transformed thyroid cancer research and holds immense potential for advancing personalised therapies and improving patient outcomes. Efforts to make this technology more accessible and cost-effective will be crucial to ensuring its widespread utilisation in healthcare.
Identification of the Shared Gene Signatures of HCK, NOG, RNF125 and Biological Mechanism in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Pediatric Sepsis
Authors: Xiao Ying-Ping , Cheng Yu-Cai , Chen Chun , Xue Hong-Man , Yang Mo , Lin Chao
Published: December 2023

The shared mechanisms between pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and pediatric sepsis are currently unclear. This study was aimed to explore the shared key genes of pediatric ALL and pediatric sepsis. The datasets involved were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between disease and control samples in GSE13904 and GSE79533 were intersected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and the boruta analyses were performed in GSE13904 and GSE79533 separately based on shared DEGs, and shared key genes were obtained by taking the intersection of sepsis-related key genes and ALL-related key genes. Three shared key genes (HCK, NOG, RNF125) were obtained, that have a good diagnostic value for both sepsis and ALL. The correlation between shared key genes and differentially expressed immune cells was higher in GSE13904 and conversely, the correlation of which was lower in GSE79533. Suggesting that the sharing key genes had a different impact on the immune environment in pediatric ALL and pediatric sepsis. We make the case that this study provides a new perspective to study the relationship between pediatric ALL and pediatric sepsis.
Additive conjucyclic codes over a class of Galois rings
Authors: Islam Habibul , Bhunia Dipak Kumar
Published: December 2023

As a tool towards quantum error correction, additive conjucyclic codes have gained great attention. But, their algebraic structure is completely unknown over finite fields (except$${\mathbb {F}}_{q^2}$$Fq2) as well as rings. In this article, we investigate the structure of additive conjucyclic codes over Galois rings$$GR(2^r,2)$$GR(2r,2), where$$r\ge 2$$r≥2is an integer. We develop a one-to-one correspondence between the family of additive conjucyclic codes of lengthnover$$GR(2^r,2)$$GR(2r,2)and the family of linear cyclic codes of length 2nover$${\mathbb {Z}}_{2^r}$$Z2r. This correspondence helps to obtain additive conjucyclic codes over$$GR(2^r,2)$$GR(2r,2)via known linear cyclic codes over$${\mathbb {Z}}_{2^r}$$Z2r. We prove that the trace dual$${\mathscr {C}}^{Tr}$$CTrof an additive conjucyclic code$${\mathscr {C}}$$Cis also an additive conjucyclic code. Moreover, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition of additive conjucyclic codes to be self-dual. We further propose a technique for constructing linear cyclic codes over$${\mathbb {Z}}_{2^r}$$Z2rcontained in additive conjucyclic codes over$$GR(2^r,2)$$GR(2r,2). Last but not least, we explicitly derive the generator matrices for these codes.
Are fluorite mines prone to high concentrations of radon gas inside? The case of the Lújar mine in Órgiva (Granada, Southeast Spain)
Authors: Santamarta Juan C. , Rodríguez-Martín Jesica , Navarro Rafael , Trapero-Ruiz Claudio , García-Gil Alejandro , Cruz-Pérez Noelia
Published: December 2023

The Sierra de Lújar, located in the south of Granada (Spain), hosts one of the few currently active underground fluorite mines in Spain. Considering that high concentrations of radon gas, which is the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco, can occur in underground workplaces, the concentration of radon gas inside a fluorite underground mine has been measured, in order to prevent health risks to workers. QueryAlthough no significant concentration of radioactive elements has been detected in the geochemical analysis, the radon gas concentration values measured ranged between 28 and 1211 Bq m−3, and there were important variations, depending on the area of the mine. Some values exceed the limits established by European regulations. Despite these high values, the annual effective dose (E) ranges between 0.13 and 5.71 mSv, in most cases being below 3 mSv, which is the recommended value in underground mines. Improvement in the ventilation of main galleries, especially in the benefit plan area (level 423), the isolation of mined-out areas using bulkhead, continuous monitoring of radon concentration, and periodic health controls to workers are estimated as the main mitigation measures to take into consideration. The findings from this research suggest that workers in this underground fluorite mine may face substantial risk of receiving radon doses that could meet or surpass the recommended thresholds established by European regulations. This underscores the imperative for additional investigations into radon levels within underground operations in Spain.
Experimental Peloid Formulation Using a Portuguese Bentonite and Different Mineral-Medicinal Waters Suitable for Therapeutic and Well-being Purposes
Authors: Bastos Carla Marina , Rocha Fernando
Published: December 2023

The identification of raw materials and an effective maturation process for the development of peloids is essential to ensure consistent comparisons between commonly used peloids in ‘thermal centers’ (places that offer a variety of health and wellness treatments, also known as spas) and their therapeutic and well-being effects. The present study supports the need for scientific research which examines the variations in physicochemical, technological, and biological properties of peloids resulting from varying maturation conditions. These studies are necessary for establishing quality and safety standards and expanding our understanding of the therapeutic significance of peloids. The objective of the present study was to characterize an experimental maturation procedure using a specific Portuguese clay (bentonite) sourced from Benavila—Avis, which has particular physico-chemical characteristics, in conjunction with two distinct Portuguese mineral-medicinal waters (Hotel Cró and Thermal Spa, and Caldas da Rainha Thermal Hospital) as raw materials. The main aim of the study was to assess and characterize the resulting peloids by evaluating their physicochemical, technological, and biological properties. The experiment was conducted over a period of 90 days under carefully controlled lighting and agitation conditions. The rheological, mineralogical, and chemical properties relevant to a peloid intended for topical application and its potential transdermal delivery of elements were characterized. Additionally, the study investigated the biological activity within the maturation habitat, including chlorophyll, microalgae, and microorganisms. Eight samples, representing the four maturation conditions (stirring with light; stirring without light; no stirring with light, and no stirring and no light), were examined for 30, 60, and 90 days. The study showcased the influence of different mineral-medicinal waters on maturation conditions and on the final bentonite characteristics. Furthermore, it reinforced the importance of establishing quality-control procedures throughout the maturation cycle for bentonitic peloids, as well as the importance of monitoring their usage, reutilization, and disposal.
P-Alert earthquake early warning system: case study of the 2022 Chishang earthquake at Taitung, Taiwan
Authors: Yang Benjamin M. , Mittal Himanshu , Wu Yih-Min
Published: December 2023

A series of earthquakes that struck Taiwan's southern Longitudinal Valley on September 17 and 18, 2022 severely damaged several buildings in Taitung and Hualien. The Chishang earthquake, which had a magnitude of ML 6.8 and a large foreshock with a magnitude of ML 6.6 the day before, was the mainshock in this sequence. The strongest intensity reported in the epicentral region during this earthquake sequence, which was 6 + , is the highest ever recorded since the Central Weather Bureau (CWB, renamed as the Central Weather Administration since September 15, 2023) revised its seismic intensity scale. National Taiwan University (NTU) has operated a low-cost earthquake early warning (EEW) system known as the P-Alert for a decade. In this study, we demonstrate the performance of the P-Alert network during the 2022 Chishang earthquake and the largest foreshock. The P-Alert network plotted shake maps during these earthquakes that displayed various values within 5 min. The high shaking areas on these maps were in good agreement with observed damages during this earthquake, providing valuable insights into rupture directivity, a crucial component of earthquake engineering. Individual P-Alert stations acted as on-site EEW systems and provided a lead time of 3–10 s within the blind zone of CWB. For the ML 6.8 mainshock, there was a lead time of at least 5 s, even up to 10 s, demonstrating their effectiveness in the blind zone. The P-Alert regional EEW system provided the first report about 9 s and 7 s after the mainshock and the largest foreshock occurrence, respectively, with estimated magnitudes of 5.74 and 5.67. The CWB system estimated magnitudes of 6.72 and 6.16 in the first report, respectively, about 7 s and 9 s after the earthquake occurrence. The timeliness of the two systems were not significantly different. Despite the effectiveness of the P-Alert network, data loss due to connection interruptions prompted us to develop a new compact data logger for improved data availability.
Scaling and mechanism of the propagation speed of the upstream turbulent front in pipe flow
Authors: Wu Haoyang , Song Baofang
Published: December 2023

The scaling and mechanism of the propagation speed of turbulent fronts in pipe flow with the Reynolds number has been a long-standing problem in the past decades. Here, we derive an explicit scaling law for the upstream front speed, which approaches a power-law scaling at high Reynolds numbers, and we explain the underlying mechanism. Our data show that the average wall distance of low-speed streaks at the tip of the upstream front, where transition occurs, appears to be constant in local wall units in the wide bulk-Reynolds-number range investigated, between 5000 and 60 000. By further assuming that the axial propagation of velocity fluctuations at the front tip, resulting from streak instabilities, is dominated by the advection of the local mean flow, the front speed can be derived as an explicit function of the Reynolds number. The derived formula agrees well with the speed measured by front tracking. Our finding reveals a relationship between the structure and speed of a front, which enables a close approximation to be obtained of the front speed based on a single velocity field without having to track the front over time.
Electromagnetic field effect on a conducting liquid film flowing down an inclined or vertical plane
Authors: Dholey S. , Gorai S. , De S.
Published: December 2023

The effect of magnetic as well as electromagnetic fields on the stability of an electrically conducting viscous liquid film flowing down an inclined plane has been investigated for the full range of inclination angles

$\theta$

(

$0 < \theta \le 90^{\circ }$

) in association with a given value of the Reynolds number

$Re$

(

$0 < Re \le 100$

), and vice versa. A nonlinear evolution equation is derived by using the momentum-integral method, which is valid for both small and large values of

$Re$

. Use of the normal mode approach on the linearized surface evolution equation gives the stability criterion and the critical value of the wavenumber

$k_c$

(for which the imaginary part of the complex frequency

$\omega _i^+$

is zero) which conceive the electric parameter

$E$

, magnetic parameter

$M$

, Reynolds number

$Re$

, Weber number

$We$

and inclination angle

$\theta$

. The nonlinear stability analysis based on the second Landau constant

$J_2$

helps to demarcate all four possible distinct flow zones (explosive, supercritical, unconditional and subcritical) of this problem. A novel result of this analysis is a simple relationship between the critical values of

$k_c$

and

$k_j$

(for which

$J_2$

is zero) that basically gives the necessary conditions for the existence of the range of

$k$

for an explosive unstable zone, which is either one or two accordingly as

$k_j >k_c$

or

$k_j< k_c$

, and the non-existence of an unconditional stable zone is

$k_j \le k_c$

depending upon the values of

$M$

. The analysis confirms the existence of two critical values of

$M$

, namely,

$M_c$

(for which

$k_c$

is zero) and

$M_j$

(for which

$k_j$

is zero). Here,

$M_j > M_c$

except for

$\theta = 90^{\circ }$

; and we have found the existence of all four or two (unconditional and subcritical) or one (subcritical) zone(s) of this flow problem accordingly, as

$0 \le M < M_c$

or

$M_c \le M < M_j$

and

$M > M_j$

or

$M = M_j$

.
The hidden structure of hydrodynamic transport in random fracture networks
Authors: Dentz Marco , Hyman Jeffrey D.
Published: December 2023

We study the large-scale dynamics and prediction of hydrodynamic transport in random fracture networks. The flow and transport behaviour is characterized by first passage times and displacement statistics, which show heavy tails and anomalous dispersion with a strong dependence on the injection condition. The origin of these behaviours is investigated in terms of Lagrangian velocities sampled equidistantly along particle trajectories, unlike classical sampling strategies at a constant rate. The velocity series are analysed by their copula density, the joint distribution of the velocity unit scores, which reveals a simple, albeit hidden, correlation structure that can be described by a Gaussian copula. Based on this insight, we derive a Langevin equation for the evolution of equidistant particle speeds. In this framework, particle motion is quantified by a stochastic time-domain random walk, the joint density of particle position, and speed satisfies a Klein–Kramers equation. The upscaled theory quantifies particle motion in terms of the characteristic fracture length scale and the distribution of Eulerian flow velocities. That is, it is predictive in the sense that it does not require the a priori knowledge of transport attributes. The upscaled model captures non-Fickian transport features, and their dependence on the injection conditions in terms of the velocity point statistics and average fracture length. It shows that the first passage times and displacement moments are dominated by extremes occurring at the first step. The presented approach integrates the interaction of flow and structure into a predictive model for large-scale transport in random fracture networks.