bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sublinear Random Access Generators for Preferential Attachment Graphs
Authors: Even Guy , Levi Reut , Medina Moti , Rosén Adi
Published: October 2021

We consider the problem of sampling from a distribution on graphs, specifically when the distribution is defined by an evolving graph model, and consider the time, space, and randomness complexities of such samplers.

In the standard approach, the whole graph is chosen randomly according to the randomized evolving process, stored in full, and then queries on the sampled graph are answered by simply accessing the stored graph. This may require prohibitive amounts of time, space, and random bits, especially when only a small number of queries are actually issued. Instead, we propose a setting where one generates parts of the sampled graph on-the-fly, in response to queries, and therefore requires amounts of time, space, and random bits that are a function of the actual number of queries. Yet, the responses to the queries correspond to a graph sampled from the distribution in question.

Within this framework, we focus on two random graph models: the Barabási-Albert Preferential Attachment model (BA-graphs) (
Science
, 286 (5439):509–512) (for the special case of out-degree 1) and the random recursive tree model (
Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics
, (51):1–28). We give on-the-fly generation algorithms for both models. With probability 1-1/poly(
n
), each and every query is answered in polylog(
n
) time, and the increase in space and the number of random bits consumed by any single query are both polylog(
n
), where
n
denotes the number of vertices in the graph.

Our work thus proposes a new approach for the access to huge graphs sampled from a given distribution, and our results show that, although the BA random graph model is defined by a sequential process, efficient random access to the graph’s nodes is possible. In addition to the conceptual contribution, efficient on-the-fly generation of random graphs can serve as a tool for the efficient simulation of sublinear algorithms over large BA-graphs, and the efficient estimation of their on such graphs.
Deep Neural Network–based Enhancement for Image and Video Streaming Systems: A Survey and Future Directions
Authors: Lee Royson , Venieris Stylianos I. , Lane Nicholas D.
Published: October 2021

Internet-enabled smartphones and ultra-wide displays are transforming a variety of visual apps spanning from on-demand movies and 360°  videos to video-conferencing and live streaming. However, robustly delivering visual content under fluctuating networking conditions on devices of diverse capabilities remains an open problem. In recent years, advances in the field of deep learning on tasks such as super-resolution and image enhancement have led to unprecedented performance in generating high-quality images from low-quality ones, a process we refer to as neural enhancement. In this article, we survey state-of-the-art content delivery systems that employ neural enhancement as a key component in achieving both fast response time and high visual quality. We first present the components and architecture of existing content delivery systems, highlighting their challenges and motivating the use of neural enhancement models as a countermeasure. We then cover the deployment challenges of these models and analyze existing systems and their design decisions in efficiently overcoming these technical challenges. Additionally, we underline the key trends and common approaches across systems that target diverse use-cases. Finally, we present promising future directions based on the latest insights from deep learning research to further boost the quality of experience of content delivery systems.
Smaller Cuts, Higher Lower Bounds
Authors: Abboud Amir , Censor-Hillel Keren , Khoury Seri , Paz Ami
Published: October 2021

This article proves strong lower bounds for distributed computing in the
congest
model, by presenting the
bit-gadget
: a new technique for constructing graphs with small cuts.

The contribution of bit-gadgets is twofold. First, developing careful sparse graph constructions with small cuts extends known techniques to show a near-linear lower bound for computing the diameter, a result previously known only for dense graphs. Moreover, the sparseness of the construction plays a crucial role in applying it to approximations of various distance computation problems, drastically improving over what can be obtained when using dense graphs.

Second, small cuts are essential for proving super-linear lower bounds, none of which were known prior to this work. In fact, they allow us to show near-quadratic lower bounds for several problems, such as exact minimum vertex cover or maximum independent set, as well as for coloring a graph with its chromatic number. Such strong lower bounds are not limited to NP-hard problems, as given by two simple graph problems in P, which are shown to require a quadratic and near-quadratic number of rounds. All of the above are optimal up to logarithmic factors. In addition, in this context, the complexity of the all-pairs-shortest-paths problem is discussed.

Finally, it is shown that graph constructions for
congest
lower bounds translate to lower bounds for the semi-streaming model, despite being very different in its nature.
A Systematic Review of API Evolution Literature
Authors: Lamothe Maxime , Guéhéneuc Yann-Gaël , Shang Weiyi
Published: October 2021

Recent software advances have led to an expansion of the development and usage of application programming interfaces (APIs). From millions of Android packages (APKs) available on Google Store to millions of open-source packages available in Maven, PyPI, and npm, APIs have become an integral part of software development.

Like any software artifact, software APIs evolve and suffer from this evolution. Prior research has uncovered many challenges to the development, usage, and evolution of APIs. While some challenges have been studied and solved, many remain. These challenges are scattered in the literature, which hides advances and cloaks the remaining challenges.

In this systematic literature review on APIs and API evolution, we uncover and describe publication trends and trending topics. We compile common research goals, evaluation methods, metrics, and subjects. We summarize the current state-of-the-art and outline known existing challenges as well as new challenges uncovered during this review.

We conclude that the main remaining challenges related to APIs and API evolution are (1) automatically identifying and leveraging factors that drive API changes, (2) creating and using uniform benchmarks for research evaluation, and (3) understanding the impact of API evolution on API developers and users with respect to various programming languages.
A Survey on Deep Learning for Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Gu Fuqiang , Chung Mu-Huan , Chignell Mark , Valaee Shahrokh , Zhou Baoding , Liu Xue
Published: October 2021

Human activity recognition is a key to a lot of applications such as healthcare and smart home. In this study, we provide a comprehensive survey on recent advances and challenges in human activity recognition (HAR) with deep learning. Although there are many surveys on HAR, they focused mainly on the taxonomy of HAR and reviewed the state-of-the-art HAR systems implemented with conventional machine learning methods. Recently, several works have also been done on reviewing studies that use deep models for HAR, whereas these works cover few deep models and their variants. There is still a need for a comprehensive and in-depth survey on HAR with recently developed deep learning methods.
Logical Relations as Types: Proof-Relevant Parametricity for Program Modules
Authors: Sterling Jonathan , Harper Robert
Published: October 2021

The theory of program modules is of interest to language designers not only for its practical importance to programming, but also because it lies at the nexus of three fundamental concerns in language design:
the phase distinction
,
computational effects
, and
type abstraction
. We contribute a fresh “synthetic” take on program modules that treats modules as the fundamental constructs, in which the usual suspects of prior module calculi (kinds, constructors, dynamic programs) are rendered as derived notions in terms of a modal type-theoretic account of the phase distinction. We simplify the account of type abstraction (embodied in the generativity of module functors) through a
lax modality
that encapsulates computational effects, placing
projectibility
of module expressions on a type-theoretic basis.

Our main result is a (significant) proof-relevant and phase-sensitive generalization of the Reynolds abstraction theorem for a calculus of program modules, based on a new kind of logical relation called a
parametricity structure
. Parametricity structures generalize the proof-irrelevant relations of classical parametricity to proof-
relevant
families, where there may be non-trivial evidence witnessing the relatedness of two programs—simplifying the metatheory of strong sums over the collection of types, for although there can be no “relation classifying relations,” one easily accommodates a “family classifying small families.”

Using the insight that logical relations/parametricity is
itself
a form of phase distinction between the syntactic and the semantic, we contribute a new synthetic approach to phase separated parametricity based on the slogan
logical relations as types
, by iterating our modal account of the phase distinction. We axiomatize a dependent type theory of parametricity structures using two pairs of complementary modalities (syntactic, semantic) and (static, dynamic), substantiated using the topos theoretic
Artin gluing
construction. Then, to construct a simulation between two implementations of an abstract type, one simply programs a third implementation whose type component carries the representation invariant.
Effect of Regular Physical Exercise on Gut Microbiota and Depressive Behaviors in Rats
Authors: Sheng Liangju , Wang Yuxuan , Jiang Anqi , Zhou Yan , Zhou Hong
Published: October 2021

Objective. The gut microbiota, as the critical mediator of the gut-brain axis, can produce and transport neuroactive substances, thus playing a significant role in the pathogenesis of depression. Although regular physical exercise is an important nondrug antidepressant, its specific effector mechanism is still unclear. Methods. Rats were randomly divided into four different groups (n = 10 for each group) as follows: normal group (G1), depression group (G2), fluoxetine treatment group (G3), and regular exercise treatment group (G4). All rats underwent forced swimming tests, tail suspension tests, open field tests, and elevated plus-maze tests to detect behavioristics. Then, corticosterone levels were detected by ELISA. Additionally, taxonomic analysis of the gut microbiota in all rats was performed after they were exercised regularly for 60 days. Results. Compared with the G1 group, the rats in the G2 group showed significant depression-like behaviors, with increased serum corticosterone levels. The proportions of Bacteroides, Actinomycetes, Proteobacteria, Saccharomyces, and Cyanobacteria in rats of the G2 group were lower than those in the G1 group, while the proportions of Firmicutes, Tenicotte, Deferrobacteria, and Fusobacteria were increased. Furthermore, after regular exercise treatment, the gut microbiota of rats was effectively improved, almost returning to the level of the G1 group, and depressive behavior and corticosterone levels were also restored, which was almost the same as the effect of fluoxetine treatment. Conclusion. Regular physical exercise could alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the species and function of the gut microbiota.
Standalone and Minigrid-Connected Solar Energy Systems for Rural Application in Rwanda: An In Situ Study
Authors: Chang Kuo-Chi , Hagumimana Noel , Zheng Jishi , Asemota Godwin Norense Osarumwense , Niyonteze Jean De Dieu , Nsengiyumva Walter , Nduwamungu Aphrodis , Bimenyimana Samuel
Published: October 2021

In recent years, several factors such as environmental pollution, declining fossil fuel supplies, and product price volatility have led to most countries investing in renewable energy sources. In particular, the development of photovoltaic (PV) microgrids, which can be standalone, off-grid connected or grid-connected, is seen as one of the most viable solutions that could help developing countries such as Rwanda to minimize problems related to energy shortage. The country’s current electrification rate is estimated to be 59.7%, and hydropower remains Rwanda’s primary source of energy (with over 43.8% of its total energy supplies) despite advances in solar technology. In order to provide affordable electricity to low-income households, the government of Rwanda has pledged to achieve 48% of its overal electrification goals from off-grid solar systems by 2024. In this paper, we develop a cost-effective power generation model for a solar PV system to power households in rural areas in Rwanda at a reduced cost. A performance comparison between a single household and a microgrid PV system is conducted by developing efficient and low-cost off-grid PV systems. The battery model for these two systems is 1.6 kWh daily load with 0.30 kW peak load for a single household and 193.05 kWh/day with 20.64 kW peak load for an off-grid PV microgrid. The hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software is used to determine the system size and its life cycle cost including the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) for each of these power generation models. The analysis shows that the optimal system’s NPC, LCOE, electricity production, and operating cost are estimated to 1,166,898.0 USD, 1.28 (USD/kWh), 221, and 715.0 (kWh per year, 37,965.91 (USD per year), respectively, for microgrid and 9284.4(USD), 1.23 (USD/kWh), and 2426.0 (kWh per year, 428.08 (USD per year), respectively, for a single household (standalone). The LCOE of a standalone PV system of an independent household was found to be cost-effective compared with a microgrid PV system that supplies electricity to a rural community in Rwanda.
Signal Modulation Recognition Method Based on Differential Privacy Federated Learning
Authors: Shi Jibo , Qi Lin , Li Kuixian , Lin Yun
Published: October 2021

Signal modulation recognition is widely utilized in the field of spectrum detection, channel estimation, and interference recognition. With the development of artificial intelligence, substantial advances in signal recognition utilizing deep learning approaches have been achieved. However, a huge amount of data is required for deep learning. With increasing focus on privacy and security, barriers between data sources are sometimes difficult to break. This limits the data and renders them weak, so that deep learning is not sufficient. Federated learning can be a viable way of solving this challenge. In this article, we will examine the recognition of signal modulation based on federated learning with differential privacy, and the results show that the recognition rate is acceptable while data protection and security are being met.
Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway in COVID-19-Dependent Musculoskeletal Pathology: A Minireview
Authors: Vyavahare Sagar , Kumar Sandeep , Cantu Nicholas , Kolhe Ravindra , Bollag Wendy B. , McGee-Lawrence Meghan E. , Hill William D. , Hamrick Mark W. , Isales Carlos M. , Fulzele Sadanand
Published: October 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract and lungs. Several studies have reported that the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is altered in COVID-19 patients. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway plays a vital role in regulating inflammation, metabolism, immune responses, and musculoskeletal system biology. In this minireview, we surmise the effects of the kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 patients and how this pathway might impact muscle and bone biology.
Evaluation of Prestrain Annealing Impact on Nanomaterial Sensitization
Authors: Kumar T. N. Suresh , Deepa T. , Natrayan L. , Maheedhar Marabathina , Kathiravan Raja
Published: October 2021

Light metal alloys are extensively used in automotive, aerospace, aircraft, and military sectors since their lightweight leads to reduced energy consumption, increased fuel efficiency, and better environmental protection. In the present situation, nanomaterials are the potential candidate for weight saving in the structural application and can meet stringent government norms. Nanomaterial was heat-treated in the furnace to about a certain temperature and time and then normalized for strengthening. The heat-treated nanomaterial undergoes different forging processes, namely, hot forging and cold forging, using a certain capacity’s hydraulic press. Hence, in this work, an extensive study on the influence of the prestrain annealing, the corrosion rate on differently treated samples, and the effect of sensitization heat treatment on the nanomaterial was done.
Further Analysis of the Passive Dynamics of the Compass Biped Walker and Control of Chaos via Two Trajectory Tracking Approaches
Authors: Added Essia , Gritli Hassène , Belghith Safya
Published: October 2021

This work consists in analyzing and controlling the walk of the compass‐type bipedal walker in order to stabilize its passive dynamic gait. The dynamic walking of the compass‐gait walker is modeled by an impulsive hybrid nonlinear system. This impulsive hybrid nature is considered very complex as it can generate unwanted phenomena such as chaos and bifurcations. We show first by means of bifurcation diagrams and by varying the slope angle of the walking surface and also the length of the lower leg segment that the passive dynamic walking exhibits successive period‐doubling bifurcations leading to chaos. Furthermore, in order to control chaos and hence obtain one‐periodic walking behavior, we propose two control approaches based on tracking a desired trajectory. The first method consists in tracking the one‐periodic passive dynamic walking generated by the compass model itself. The second control method lies in following a planned trajectory using the 4th‐order Spline function. An optimization method is also achieved to design the parameters of the desired trajectory. Some features of the period‐1 passive gait are used in the design of such Spline trajectory. Finally, we show some simulation results revealing the efficiency of the two proposed control methods in the control of the chaotic passive gait of the compass‐gait walker. Moreover, we demonstrate the stabilization of the bipedal locomotion of the compass biped walker on different slopes: descending and ascending inclined planes and walking on a level ground. A comparison with the OGY‐based control method is also performed to further show the superiority of these two control approaches.
Gas Hydrate Accumulation and Occurrence Associated with Cold Seep Systems in the Northern South China Sea: An Overview
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liang Jinqiang , Liang Qianyong , Wei Jiangong , Wan Zhifeng , Feng Junxi , Huang Wei , Zhao Jing , Meng Miaomiao , Deng Wei , Chen Chongmin
Published: October 2021

Studying deep-water cold seep systems is of great significance to gas hydrate exploration due to their close relationship. Various cold seep systems and related gas hydrate accumulations have been discovered in the northern South China Sea in the past three decades. Based on high-resolution seismic data, subbottom profiles, in situ submergence observations, deep drilling and coring, and hydrate gas geochemical analyses, the geological and geophysical characteristics of these cold seep systems and their associated gas hydrate accumulations in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the Shenhu area, the Dongsha area, and the Taixinan Basin have been investigated. Cold seep systems are present in diverse stages of evolution and exhibit various seabed microgeomorphic, geological, and geochemical features. Active cold seep systems with a large amount of gas leakage, gas plumes, and microbial communities and inactive cold seep systems with authigenic carbonate pavements are related to the variable intensity of the gas-bearing fluid, which is usually derived from the deep strata through mud diapirs, mud volcanoes, gas chimneys, and faults. Gas hydrates are usually precipitated in cold seep vents and deeper vertical fluid migration pathways, indicating that deep gas-bearing fluid activities control the formation and accumulation of gas hydrates. The hydrocarbons collected from cold seep systems and their associated gas hydrate reservoirs are generally mixtures of biogenic gas and thermogenic gas, the origin of which is generally consistent with that of deep conventional gas. We also discuss the paragenetic relationship between the gas-bearing fluid and the seafloor morphology of cold seeps and the deep-shallow coupling of gas hydrates, cold seeps, and deep petroleum reservoirs. It is reasonable to conclude that the deep petroleum systems and gas-bearing fluid activity jointly control the development of cold seep systems and the accumulation of gas hydrates in the northern South China Sea. Therefore, the favorable areas for conventional oil and gas enrichment are also prospective areas for exploring active cold seeps and gas hydrates.
Variations in Soft and Hard Tissues following Immediate Implant Placement versus Delayed Implant Placement following Socket Preservation in the Maxillary Esthetic Region: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Santhanakrishnan Muthukumar , Ramesh Nithyakalyani , Kamaleeshwari R. , Subramanian Vedavalli
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Although retrospective analysis has shown immediate placement of implants (IIP) in the maxillary esthetic zone showing promising outcomes compared to delayed placement of implants following socket preservation (DIP), a direct comparison in a prospective, well‐designed randomized fashion with adequate power analysis between the two implant placement protocols is still lacking. This study is aimed at radiographically evaluating the effect of IIP after extraction as compared to implant placed in preserved sockets 4 months following extraction (DIP) in terms of changes in buccal plate thickness(CBT) after 6 months of healing and evaluation of pink esthetic score (PES) for assessment of soft tissue changes and patient‐related outcome measures (PROMs) using visual analogue scale (VAS). Materials and Methods. 25 implants were placed immediately following extraction in the IIP group, and 25 implants were placed four months following socket preservation with demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF) in the DIP group, control group, in the maxillary esthetic region. CBCT was taken preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively to assess the dimensional changes in the buccal bone plates(CBT). PES and PROMs for pain threshold and patient satisfaction using VAS were evaluated at the time of implant placement and 6 months postoperatively. Results. Significant differences in mean reduction in buccal plate thickness (CBT) were found in the test group (IIP) 0.2 ± 0.02 compared to the control group (DIP) which showed a mean reduction in CBT of 0.4 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001) at the end of 6 months. Although there was no statistically significant difference in PES between the groups, there was a significant difference between the groups when individual values of PES were compared at p < 0.001. Conclusion. The IIP group showed lesser reduction in CBT and a better PES which is an important clinical information which could be translated clinically in situations where implant placement is planned in the maxillary esthetic region. This trial is registered with CTRI/2019/06/019723.
Frying Time and Temperature Conditions’ Influences on Physicochemical, Texture, and Sensorial Quality Parameters of Barley-Soybean Chips
Authors: Abdalrahman AL Jumayi Huda , Darwish Amira M. G.
Published: October 2021

Demand for innovative healthy snacks that achieve consumer satisfaction represents increased interest for competitive food producers. The aim of this work was the assessment of physicochemical and sensory quality of barley-soybean chips involving legume protein flours by studying the effects of different substitution levels (10, 20, and 30%) of defatted soybean (DSB) flour, frying temperatures (150, 170, and 190°C), and frying times (60, 90, and 120 sec). The chips’ moisture content was significantly decreased with increased frying temperature and time. The moisture content (1.40%) was achieved at 10% DSB fried at 190°C for 120 sec. The least absorbed oil (29.25%) was achieved at the least substitution percentage (10% DSB), the least frying temperature (150°C), and the least frying time (60 sec). These results were reflected on sensorial parameters that revealed that the most preferred chips were barley-soybean chips with 10% DSB fried at 150 and 170°C. The amylose content was increased by 33.80% in chips substituted with 30% DSB, while it was decreased to 27.16% in chips substituted with 10% DSB, and vice versa for the amylopectin content. TPA revealed that DSB substitution levels were directly proportional with hardness and inversely proportional with elasticity and adhesiveness. From obtained results, substitution levels with 10% DSB fried at 150°C are recommended. These findings encourage the production of innovative enhanced snacks involving legume protein while maintaining consumer satisfaction.
Experimental Study of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Behavior during Multistage Fracturing in a Directional Well
Authors: Zhang Yongtao , Jin Hao , Guo Bumin , Qiu Shoumei , Yang Peng , Qin Shili , Xu Yantao , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2021

Due to the limited space of offshore platform, it is unable to implement large-scale multistage hydraulic fracturing for the horizontal well in Lufeng offshore oilfield. Thus, multistage hydraulic fracturing technology in directional well was researched essentially to solve this problem. Modeling of fracture propagation during multistage fracturing in the directional and horizontal wells in artificial cores was carried out based on a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment system. The effects of horizontal stress difference, stage spacing, perforation depth, and well deviation angle on multifracture propagation were investigated in detail. Through the comparative analysis of the characteristics of postfrac rock and pressure curves, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) multistage fracturing in horizontal wells is conducive to create multiple transverse fractures. Under relatively high horizontal stress difference coefficient (1.0) and small stage spacing conditions, fractures tend to deflect and merge due to the strong stress interference among multiple stages. As a consequence, the initiation pressure for the subsequent stages increases by more than 8%, whereas in large stage spacing conditions, the interference is relatively lower, resulting in the relatively straight fractures. (2) Deepening perforation holes can reduce the initiation pressure and reduce the stress interference among stages. (3) When the projection trace of directional wellbore on horizontal plane is consistent with the direction of the minimum horizontal principal stress, fractures intersecting the wellbore obliquely are easily formed by multistage fracturing. With the decrease of well deviation angle, the angle between fracture surface and wellbore axis decreases, which is not conducive to the uniform distribution of multiple fractures. (4) When there is a certain angle between the projection trace of directional wellbore on horizontal plane and the direction of minimum horizontal principal stress, the growth of multiple fractures is extremely ununiform and the fracture paths are obviously tortuous.
From Topology Optimization to Complex Digital Architecture: A New Methodology for Architectural Morphology Generation
Authors: Lin Kangqiang , He Yongpeng , Yang Yang , Xiong Lei
Published: October 2021

Owing to the capacities of generating structural configuration with both reasonable mechanical properties and high material utilization, topology optimization has been widely adopted in engineering design. Although numerous architects have tried to apply topology optimization tools to assist architectural morphology design in practical projects, topology optimization, like other quantitative analysis techniques, has not been systematically incorporated into the architectural morphology design. In this study, by integrating topology optimization toolsets and parametric design theory, combined with multiattribute decision‐making analysis, a design method is proposed that could efficiently obtain several architectural structural architectural morphologies with both structural rationality and aesthetic rules and complete the evaluation and performance ranking of alternatives. In this study, the essential architectural application scenarios are divided into surface application scenarios and volumetric application scenarios, and the possible variation range of topology optimization parameters of architectural application scenarios is defined. By iteratively adjusting the influence parameters, diverse results of structural morphology are obtained. It is found that small changes in optimization parameters will bring great differences in topological results. Such a sensitive relationship can be utilized to generate a set of rational topological structures, and these topological results can be regarded as alternatives for architectural morphology design. For the performance evaluation and ranking analysis of alternatives, the application of FANP‐TOPSIS multiattribute decision‐making model is put forward in this study. The case study shows that this decision‐making analysis model is efficient, convenient, and applicable in the architectural morphology design. The results of this study can provide new ideas and key references for scholars and architects in the field of architecture to explore the process and method of architectural morphology design and other related issues.
Research on Campus Education Information System Based on Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence Decision
Authors: Hong Hetiao
Published: October 2021

Because of the different reasons between regions, the distribution of educational resources is also different, the development of each school is unbalanced, and the degree of campus education informationization is different. The complex functional structure not only does not facilitate teachers and students but also leads to many problems: the prevention and prevention of campus life safety. It is difficult to keep and use multiple cards owned by one person. Software and education platform cannot be seamlessly connected, and there are various barriers between data and data and people and data. The lack of learning materials leads to the inequality of information. There are no good feedback and solution between teachers and students. It is difficult to manage accurately with a large number of people. This study will be based on the Internet and artificial intelligence technology, to explore how to study a large (or super large), concise and efficient, and excellent performance of campus education information system; this system can meet the teachers and students no matter what year, month, and day of a large number of visits. For some problems in the process of building the system, actively optimize and refine them. After functional testing and analysis of the system, the experimental results show that the interface function of the new system is stable, the usability test is better than the feedback experience of the original system, the response time is reduced by 21.6% on average, and the overall power consumption of the system is reduced by about 1.43% on average.
A Study of Support Characteristics of Collaborative Reinforce System of U-Steel Support and Anchored Cable for Roadway under High Dynamic Stress
Authors: Wang Qizhou , Ye Haiwang , Li Ning , Chi Xiuwen , Xie Wenbing , Chen Dongfang , Jing Shengguo , Lei Tao
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the support effect and characteristics of a collaborative reinforce system of U-steel support and anchored cable (USS-AC) for roadway under high dynamic stress in a coal mine in China. The deformational behavior of the roadway and the load characteristics of reinforcing elements were measured in real time and analyzed. A numerical simulation study has also been conducted to identify the interaction of the reinforcing elements to the surrounding rock under dynamic load. The research results suggest that the stress distribution of roadway surrounding rock could be changed and that residual strength of the surrounding rock near opening could be increased by using USS-AC. Based on the action of anchored cable, the moment distribution of U-steel support is optimized. The load capacity and nondeformability of the U-steel support are promoted. And the global stability of U-steel support is enhanced so as to achieve the goal of high supporting resistance. When the deformation stress of the surrounding rock is higher, the U-steel support deforms as the surrounding rock. The two side beams and the overlapping parts of U-steel support suffer the highest deformation stress. As a result, the anchored cable provides higher reaction force for the previous locations of the U-steel support in order to prevent deformation of support towards to excavation. As an integral structure, the U-steel support is confined to a limited deformation space under the action of anchored cable. The larger deformation is released through sliding motion of the overlapping parts so as to reach the ultimate of high supporting resistance of USS-AC.
Midterm Outcomes Following Sutureless and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Vilalta Victoria , Alperi Alberto , Cediel Germán , Mohammadi Siamak , Fernández-Nofrerias Eduard , Kalvrouziotis Dimitri , Delarochellière Robert , Paradis Jean-Michel , González-Lopera Marta , Fadeuilhe Edgar , Carrillo Xavier , Abdul-Jawad Altisent Omar , Rodríguez-Leor Oriol , Voisine Pierre , Bayés-Genís Antoni , Rodés-Cabau Josep
Published: October 2021

Background:

Sutureless-surgical aortic valve replacement (SU-SAVR) has been proposed as a surgical alternative for treating aortic stenosis, which facilitates a minimally invasive approach. While some studies have compared the early outcomes of SU-SAVR versus transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), most data were obtained in high-risk patients and/or limited to in-hospital outcomes. This study aimed to compare in-hospital and midterm clinical outcomes following SU-SAVR and TAVR in low-risk patients with aortic stenosis.

Methods:

A total of 806 consecutive low-risk (EuroSCORE II <4%) patients underwent TAVR or SU-SAVR between 2011 and 2020 in 2 centers. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed and identified 171 pairs with similar characteristics that were included in the analysis. Baseline characteristics, in-hospital and follow-up events (defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2) were collected.

Results:

Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups, with a median EuroSCORE II of 1.9% (1.3%–2.5%) in both SU-SAVR and TAVR groups (
P
=0.85). There were no statistically significant differences regarding in-hospital mortality (SU-SAVR: 4.1%, TAVR: 1.8%,
P
=0.199) and stroke (SU-SAVR: 2.3%, TAVR: 2.9%,
P
=0.736), but SU-SAVR recipients exhibited higher rates of bleeding and new-onset atrial fibrillation, higher residual transvalvular gradients (
P
<0.001), and a lower rate of pacemaker implantation (
P
=0.011). After a median follow-up of 2 (1–3) years, there were no differences between groups in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.52–1.82],
P
=0.936) and stroke (hazard ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.32–2.15],
P
=0.708), but SU-SAVR was associated with a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio, 5.38 [95% CI, 1.88–15.38],
P
=0.002).

Conclusions:

In low-risk patients with aortic stenosis, TAVR was associated with improved in-hospital outcomes (except for conduction disturbances) and valve hemodynamics, compared with SU-SAVR. Although similar mortality and stroke rates were observed at 2-year follow-up, the risk of heart failure hospitalization was higher among SU-SAVR patients. These results may contribute to reinforce TAVR over SU-SAVR for the majority of such patients.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Impact of Delirium on Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Reznik Michael E. , Margolis Seth A. , Mahta Ali , Wendell Linda C. , Thompson Bradford B. , Stretz Christoph , Rudolph James L. , Boukrina Olga , Barrett A.M. , Daiello Lori A. , Jones Richard N. , Furie Karen L.
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:

Delirium portends worse outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but it is unclear if symptom resolution or postacute care intensity may mitigate its impact. We aimed to explore differences in outcome associated with delirium resolution before hospital discharge, as well as the potential mediating role of postacute discharge site.

Methods:

We performed a single-center cohort study on consecutive ICH patients over 2 years. Delirium was diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria and further classified as persistent or resolved based on delirium status at hospital discharge. We determined the impact of delirium on unfavorable 3-month outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 4–6) using logistic regression models adjusted for established ICH predictors, then used mediation analysis to examine the indirect effect of delirium via postacute discharge site.

Results:

Of 590 patients (mean age 70.5±15.5 years, 52% male, 83% White), 59% (n=348) developed delirium during hospitalization. Older age and higher ICH severity were delirium risk factors, but only younger age predicted delirium resolution, which occurred in 75% (161/215) of ICH survivors who had delirium. Delirium was strongly associated with unfavorable outcome, but patients with persistent delirium fared worse (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.3 [95% CI, 3.3–16.3]) than those whose delirium resolved (adjusted OR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.8–5.5]). Patients with delirium were less likely to be discharged to inpatient rehabilitation than skilled nursing facilities (adjusted OR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.17–0.59]), and postacute care site partially mediated the relationship between delirium and functional outcome in ICH survivors, leading to a 25% reduction in the effect of delirium (without mediator: adjusted OR, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.7–5.6]; with mediator: adjusted OR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.2–4.3]).

Conclusions:

Acute delirium resolves in most patients with ICH by hospital discharge, which was associated with better outcomes than in patients with persistent delirium. The impact of delirium on outcomes may be further mitigated by postacute rehabilitation.
Probing Classifiers: Promises, Shortcomings, and Advances
Authors: Belinkov Yonatan
Published: October 2021

Probing classifiers have emerged as one of the prominent methodologies for interpreting and analyzing deep neural network models of natural language processing. The basic idea is simple—a classifier is trained to predict some linguistic property from a model’s representations—and has been used to examine a wide variety of models and properties. However, recent studies have demonstrated various methodological limitations of this approach. This squib critically reviews the probing classifiers framework, highlighting their promises, shortcomings, and advances.
A morphological, phylogenetic and phylogeographic reappraisal of the land crabs Gecarcinus quadratus De Saussure, 1853, and G. lateralis Fréminville in Guérin, 1832 (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae). Are they different species?
Authors: TOLEDANO-CARRASCO IA ATZIMBA , VILLALOBOS JOSÉ LUIS , ÁLVAREZ FERNANDO
Published: October 2021

Land crabs of the genus Gecarcinus are distributed along both versants of the American continent. At some point four species were recognized: G. lateralis, G. nobilii, G. quadratus, and G. ruricola. Taxonomically, several authors have tried to differentiate Gecarcinus lateralis from the Atlantic coast and G. quadratus from the Pacific coast. Because morphologic characters used showed high intra-population variability, identification were very difficult. Consequently, these two species have occasionally been considered synonyms. To establish the degree of genetic difference between them a molecular analysis was performed with both species, G. lateralis and G. quadratus, including Mexican Pacific and Atlantic specimens, using the mitochondrial COI and 16S genes. The maximum clade credibility and maximum likelihood trees showed two clades with high support values, one corresponding to the Gulf of Mexico population and the other one to the Pacific coast population, with a genetic distance of 6.1%. The within-clade average distance for the Atlantic populations (G. lateralis) was 1.1% and 0.2% for those of the Pacific coast (G. quadratus). This supports the status of G. quadratus as a valid species, not as a synonym of G. lateralis. The estimated time of divergence between both species ranged between 2.3 to 4.3 million years, coinciding with the proposed closure of the Isthmus of Panama. Morphologically, some populations show high variability in somatic characters, whereas sexual appendices of males of both species showed very little variation. Color in life, shape of sternite 3, and shape and degree of coverage of the abdomen of thoracic sternites, in both sexes, are traits that can be used to differentiate both species.
Elucidating the nomenclature and taxonomy of Phalaena euphemia Stoll, 1781, the type species of the genus Heraclia Hübner, [1820] (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Agaristinae)
Authors: COLLINS ABIGAIL H.
Published: October 2021

The genus Heraclia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Agaristinae) and the species involved in the confused nomenclature and taxonomy of the type species, Phalaena euphemia Stoll, 1781 are investigated. The rediscovery of the type specimen of Noctua geryon Fabricius, 1781, a taxon that had previously been treated as the senior synonym of euphemia, justified the revival of the latter from synonymy with the former. The type material of euphemia could not be traced and a neotype is designated to fix the published name to a physical specimen. In addition to detailed diagnoses and re-descriptions, the revised taxonomy of Heraclia euphemia and Heraclia geryon is provided and the following new synonymies are proposed: Eusemia pallida Walker, 1854 and Eusemia niveosparsa Westwood, 1881 are synonymised with H. geryon and Eusemia nugatrix Westwood, 1881 is synonymised with H. euphemia. Distributional data for each of the species are presented.
New descriptions of Eugryllacris (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae) from China
Authors: BIN WEI , BIAN XUN
Published: October 2021

A new material on the Eugryllacris from China is considered. One new synonym and two new species are proposed based on the specimens from Yunnan and Hainan provinces viz. Eugryllacris binotata Liu & Bian, 2021 syn. nov., Eugryllacris nigriabdominis Bin & Bian sp. nov. and Eugryllacris hainanensis Bin & Bian sp. nov.. Besides, a supplementary description of tegmen of Eugryllacris fanjingshanensis Bian & Shi, 2016 is made. All the materials are deposited in the Guangxi Normal University.
Tsounkranaglenea hefferni gen. et sp. nov. from Sabah, Malaysia (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae: Saperdini)
Authors: LIN MEI-YING , GE SI-QIN
Published: October 2021

A new saperdine species belonging to a new genus, Tsounkranaglenea hefferni gen. et sp. nov., is described from Sabah, Malaysia. The new genus differs from other genera of the tribe Saperdini by the special male sternite VII modified into a rake-shape, with the apex of the ventral plate of the median lobe unusually emarginated.
Are We Reaching the Limit of Tropical Cyclone Track Predictability in the Western North Pacific?
Authors: Yu Hui , Chen Guomin , Zhou Cong , Wong Wai Kin , Yang Mengqi , Xu Yinglong , Chen Peiyan , Wan Rijin , Hu Xinrong
Published: October 2021

The annual-mean position errors (PE) of tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts from three forecast agencies [WMO Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Tokyo (RSMC-Tokyo), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), and Joint Typhoon Warning Center of the United States (JTWC)] are analyzed to document the past improvements and project future tendency in track forecast accuracy for TCs in the western North Pacific. An improvement of 48 h (2 days) in lead time has been achieved in the past 30 years, but with noticeable stepwise periods of improvements with superposed short-term fluctuations. The stepwise improvement features differ among the three forecast agencies, but are highly related to the development of objective forecast guidance and the application strategy. As demonstrated by an exponential model for the growth of PEs with lead time for TCs of tropical storm category and above, the improvements in the past 10 years have mainly been due to the reduction in analysis errors rather than the reduction in the error growth rate. If the current trend continues, a further 2-day improvement in TC track forecast lead times may be projected for the coming 15 years up to 2035, and we certainly have not reached yet the limit of TC track predictability in the western North Pacific.
An Initiation Process of Tropical Depression–Type Disturbances under the Influence of Upper-Level Troughs
Authors: Hamaguchi Yuya , Takayabu Yukari N.
Published: October 2021

In this study, the statistical relationship between tropical upper-tropospheric troughs (TUTTs) and the initiation of summertime tropical depression–type disturbances (TDDs) over the western and central North Pacific is investigated. By applying a spatiotemporal filter to the 34-yr record of brightness temperature and using JRA-55 products, TDD-event initiations are detected and classified as trough-related (TR) or non-trough-related (non-TR). The conventional understanding is that TDDs originate primarily in the lower troposphere; our results refine this view by revealing that approximately 30% of TDDs in the 10°–20°N latitude ranges are generated under the influence of TUTTs. Lead–lag composite analysis of both TR- and non-TR-TDDs clarifies that TR-TDDs occur under relatively dry and less convergent large-scale conditions in the lower troposphere. This result suggests that TR-TDDs can form in a relatively unfavorable low-level environment. The three-dimensional structure of the wave activity flux reveals southward and downward propagation of wave energy in the upper troposphere that converges at the midtroposphere around the region where TR-TDDs occur, suggesting the existence of extratropical forcing. Further, the role of dynamic forcing associated with the TUTT on the TR-TDD initiation is analyzed using the quasigeostrophic omega equation. The result reveals that moistening in the mid- to upper troposphere takes place in association with the sustained dynamical ascent at the southeast side of the TUTT, which precedes the occurrence of deep convective heating. Along with a higher convective available potential energy due to the destabilizing effect of TUTTs, the moistening in the mid- to upper troposphere also helps to prepare the environment favorable to TDDs initiation.