bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CytoNorm: A Normalization Algorithm for Cytometry Data
Authors: Van Gassen Sofie , Gaudilliere Brice , Angst Martin S. , Saeys Yvan , Aghaeepour Nima
Published: October 2019

High‐dimensional flow cytometry has matured to a level that enables deep phenotyping of cellular systems at a clinical scale. The resulting high‐content data sets allow characterizing the human immune system at unprecedented single cell resolution. However, the results are highly dependent on sample preparation and measurements might drift over time. While various controls exist for assessment and improvement of data quality in a single sample, the challenges of cross‐sample normalization attempts have been limited to aligning marker distributions across subjects. These approaches, inspired by bulk genomics and proteomics assays, ignore the single‐cell nature of the data and risk the removal of biologically relevant signals. This work proposes CytoNorm, a normalization algorithm to ensure internal consistency between clinical samples based on shared controls across various study batches. Data from the shared controls is used to learn the appropriate transformations for each batch (e.g., each analysis day). Importantly, some sources of technical variation are strongly influenced by the amount of protein expressed on specific cell types, requiring several population‐specific transformations to normalize cells from a heterogeneous sample. To address this, our approach first identifies the overall cellular distribution using a clustering step, and calculates subset‐specific transformations on the control samples by computing their quantile distributions and aligning them with splines. These transformations are then applied to all other clinical samples in the batch to remove the batch‐specific variations. We evaluated the algorithm on a customized data set with two shared controls across batches. One control sample was used for calculation of the normalization transformations and the second control was used as a blinded test set and evaluated with Earth Mover's distance. Additional results are provided using two real‐world clinical data sets. Overall, our method compared favorably to standard normalization procedures. The algorithm is implemented in the R package “CytoNorm” and available via the following link:www.github.com/saeyslab/CytoNorm© 2019 The Authors.Cytometry Part Apublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Personality traits in adolescents with eating disorder: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Dufresne Laurie , Bussières Eve‐Line , Bédard Alexandra , Gingras Nathalie , Blanchette‐Sarrasin Agathe , Bégin PhD Catherine
Published: October 2019

Objective

Given the growing interest in personality traits among the young population with eating disorders (EDs) and the recognition that a better understanding of personality can facilitate clinical management, this meta‐analytic study reviewed evidence concerning the relationship between personality traits and the presence of an ED during adolescence.

Method

We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies that examined personality traits among adolescents with an ED (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, eating disorder not otherwise specified) and that compared these traits with a normative group without an ED. The personality traits investigated in the selected studies were organized according to the personality trait domains presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth ed.). Effect sizes of the mean differences were calculated for each domain. We performed meta‐regressions to assess the moderating effect of ED subtype and age on the combined effect sizes.

Results

Twenty‐six studies met our inclusion criteria, containing a total of 63 effect sizes. Adolescents with EDs differed from the non‐ED group according to traits related to negative affectivity (g = 0.78), detachment (g = 0.69), and conscientiousness (g = −0.53). The presence of an anorexia nervosa diagnosis moderated the relationship between an ED and personality traits; this diagnosis was more strongly associated with conscientious traits compared to other EDs.

Discussion

Our findings provide evidence that personality traits are related to EDs in adolescents. Thus, considering personality traits could lead to a better understanding of etiological and maintenance factors for EDs.
Chemical Form of Dietary Selenium Affects the Fatty Acids Profile and Oxidative Stability of Muscles of Broilers Supplemented with Lycopene and Oils
Authors: Czauderna Marian , Białek Małgorzata , Białek Agnieszka , Śliwiński Bogdan , Brzóska Franciszek
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the addition of different chemical forms of selenium (Se)—selenate (SeVI) or selenized yeast (SeY) to chickens’ diet containing equal amounts of fish (FO) and sunflower oils and lycopene (Lyc) on fatty acids (FA) profile and peroxidation yield in thigh muscles of chickens. FA profile is analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry while content of malondialdehyde is determined by ultra‐fast liquid chromatography (UPLC) with photodiode detection. The diets containing SeY or SeVI increase the feed conversion efficiency of chickens compared with the control diet. SeY or SeVI added to the diet containing Lyc and FO stimulates concentrations of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated (PUFA) FA in muscles. Muscles of chickens fed a diet only with Lyc and FO have the highest indices of atherogenic (A‐SFA) and thrombogenic (T‐SFA) saturated FA and the highest ratios of A‐SFA and T‐SFA to all assayed FA. Dietary Se‐compounds also decrease the PUFA peroxidation indices in muscles compared with the diet containing only FO and Lyc. Therefore Se‐compounds may be added to diets including FO and Lyc to improve the growth parameters, nutritive value, and oxidative stability of chicken meat.

Practical Applications: Poultry meat, which is characterized by high protein content of high biological value, high minerals and vitamins, and low collagen and fat content, is recommended as particularly desirable in a balanced diet to replace red and highly processed meat. Also, relatively good price makes this type of meat one of the most popular among consumers. The present study aims to check if inclusion of different chemical forms of selenium into chickens’ diets improves nutritional value of broiler meat. Feeding chickens with seleno‐supplements significantly enhances poultry production efficiency and nutritional value of broilers’ meat, because it favorably modifies FA composition (enhanced monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA and decrease atherogenic and thrombogenic saturated FA in muscles) and reduces lipid oxidation in chickens’ meat. These results are important from the both producers’ and consumers’ point of view and correspond to contemporary nutritional recommendations.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Indenes
Authors: Rinaldi Antonia , Scarpi Dina , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: October 2019

Indenes constitute an important class of molecules which continue to attract interest from the synthetic organic chemists′ community because not only many natural and synthetic compounds embodying the indene skeleton display bioactivity or pharmaceutical activity but also because indenes find applications in material science, e.g. in photovoltaic solar cells and in the preparation of new fluorescent materials, and in the preparation of metal complexes with special catalytic activity. Many approaches have been exploited in the last four years to build this bicyclic system, the two most explored being cationic processes involving an intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts reaction and those in which a transition metal plays a key role in assembling the indene framework. In this review the results of the synthetic efforts toward indenes made in the 2016–2019 period are reviewed.
High‐frequency standard deviation of the capacity factor of renewable energy facilities—Part 2: Wind
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: October 2019

In terms of performances of wind energy installations, it is important to secure for every installation the highest possible average (mean) capacity factor, as well as the lowest possible standard deviation (SD) computed with high frequency. High‐frequency data of wind energy facilities are, however, very hard to be found and there are no estimations in the literature of the SD of the capacity factor of wind energy installations sampled with high frequency. Here, we show the data sampled every 5 minutes for the wind energy facilities connected to the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) grid during the year 2018. While the average capacity factors are about 33% to 35%, the SDs have only marginally smaller values at about 30%, for coefficients of variation of about 90%. The analysis highlights the extreme variability of wind energy that has been dramatically downplayed so far, stressing the need for energy storage, that coupled to a more sophisticated control of production, storage, and consumption, is finally emerging as the key factor for making possible an efficient, resilient, renewable energy‐only grid. The collected and interpreted information and the provided analysis are filing a gap in the area of renewable energy and energy harvesting technology based on wind and solar photovoltaics where variability has been so far underevaluated.
Norm Index–Based QSAR Model for Acute Toxicity of Pesticides Toward Rainbow Trout
Authors: Jia Qingzhu , Liu Ting , Yan Fangyou , Wang Qiang
Published: October 2019

The aquatic ecological environment is being threatened from overuse of pesticides, and the aquatic toxicity toward rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) plays a significant role in environmental risk assessment of agrochemicals. In the present study, 2 norm index formulas were developed, from which several norm descriptors were derived. A quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model was established for the prediction of acute toxicity (median lethal concentration) toward rainbow trout of various pesticides. Results indicated that the present QSAR model presented an R2 of 0.8053. Meanwhile, internal validation (QLOO2 = 0.7606), external validation (Rtraining2 = 0.8011, Rtesting2 = 0.8108), Y-randomization test, and applicability domain analysis further demonstrated the stability, reliability, and wide application domain of the present QSAR model. Accordingly, these norm descriptors might be applicable to the structures of pesticides for predicting the acute toxicity to aquatic organism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:352–358. © 2019 SETAC
SPH‐based numerical treatment of the interfacial interaction of flow with porous media
Authors: Kazemi Ehsan , Tait Simon , Shao Songdong
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the macroscopic equations of mass and momentum are developed and discretized based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation for the interaction at an interface of flow with porous media. The theoretical background of flow through porous media is investigated to highlight the key constraints that should be satisfied, particularly at the interface between the porous media flow and the overlying free flow. The study aims to investigate the derivation of the porous flow equations, computation of the porosity, and treatment of the interfacial boundary layer. It addresses weak assumptions that are commonly adopted for interfacial flow simulation in particle‐based methods. As support to the theoretical analysis, a two‐dimensional weakly compressible SPH model is developed based on the proposed interfacial treatment. The equations in this model are written in terms of the intrinsic averages and in the Lagrangian form. The effect of particle volume change due to the spatial change of porosity is taken into account, and the extra stress terms in the momentum equation are approximated by using Ergun's equation and the subparticle scale model to represent the drag and turbulence effects, respectively. Four benchmark test cases covering a range of flow scenarios are simulated to examine the influence of the porous boundary on the internal, interface, and external flows. The capacity of the modified SPH model to predict velocity distributions and water surface behavior is fully examined with a focus on the flow conditions at the interfacial boundary between the overlying free flow and the underlying porous media.
AUSM‐like expression of HLLC and its all‐speed extension
Authors: Kitamura Keiichi , Shima Eiji
Published: October 2019

Advection upstream splitting method (AUSM) and Harten‐Lax‐van Leer with contact (HLLC) are two popular families of flux functions. The AUSM is simple and requires no eigenstructure, which facilitates its extensions to general equations of state. Furthermore, one of its variants, simple low‐dissipation AUSM (SLAU), is applicable to all speeds and features removal of parameter setting by the user. HLLC, on the other hand, clearly defines three distinct waves in Riemann problem, namely, left‐running and right‐running acoustic waves, and entropy wave. This paper demonstrates that HLLC can be written in a very similar form with the AUSM family and that the similar manner in extending AUSM family to all speeds is easily incorporated into HLLC in this AUSM‐like form. Then, we combine the strengths of the both flux functions and offer a new inviscid numerical flux function within the framework of monotone upwind scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL) in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for Euler and Navier‐Stokes equations. The resultant HLLC with low dissipation (HLLCL) numerical flux can compute low Mach number flows and sound propagations at the same time with high accuracy, as demonstrated by one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional numerical examples. Furthermore, the results indicate that its extensions to general fluids such as supercritical fluids are encouraging.
Down‐regulation of aquaporin 9 gene transcription by 10‐hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid: A major fatty acid in royal jelly
Authors: Usui Shigeyuki , Soda Midori , Iguchi Kazuhiro , Abe Naohito , Oyama Masayoshi , Nakayama Tatsushi , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki
Published: October 2019

10‐Hydroxy‐trans‐2‐decenoic acid (10H2DA) is a unique lipid component of royal jelly produced by worker honeybees that exerts insulin‐like effects. We herein investigated the effects of 10H2DA on the gene expression of aquaporin 9 (AQP9), which functions as a glycerol transporter in the liver, to clarify whether 10H2DA modulates energy metabolism. 10H2DA suppressed AQP9 gene expression in HepG2 cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Akt and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). This suppression was partially recovered by the treatment of cells with inhibitors for Akt and AMPK. Based on the result showing that leptomycin B partially recovered the suppression of AQP9 gene expression, 10H2DA inhibited the expression of Foxa2, a transcription factor for the AQP9 gene, and also induced its nuclear exclusion. Although 10H2DA up‐regulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose‐6‐phosphatase gene expression, this was suppressed through the modulation of Foxa2 by insulin. These results suggest that 10H2DA suppresses AQP9 gene expression through the phosphorylation of Akt and AMPK and down‐regulation of Foxa2 expression.
Feasibility of a community‐based cervical cancer screening with “test and treat” strategy using self‐sample for an HPV test: Experience from rural Cameroon, Africa
Authors: Fokom Domgue Joel , Futuh Beatrice , Ngalla Calvin , Kakute Peter , Manjuh Florence , Manga Simon , Nulah Kathleen , Welty Edith , Schmeler Kathleen , Welty Thomas
Published: October 2019

To achieve higher coverage and effectiveness in limited‐resource settings, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for cervical cancer prevention recommend a screen‐and‐treat strategy with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. We piloted a real‐word project to examine the feasibility of this approach in rural Cameroon. Nurses from the Women's Health Program (WHP) of the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services (CBCHS) educated women in remote villages on cervical cancer prevention. At a follow‐up visit, they explained to nonpregnant women aged 30–65 how to self‐collect vaginal specimens for HPV testing with the careHPV assay. The cytobrush specimens were transported in coolers to a CBCHS laboratory for analysis. The nurses returned to villages to inform women of their results, examined HPV‐positive women in the primary health centers (PHCs) using visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI) enhanced by digital cervicography (DC) to guide treatment. Of the 1,270 eligible women screened (mean age: 44.7 years), 196 (15.4%) were HPV‐positive, of whom 185 (94.4%) were examined, 16 (8.6%) were VIA/VILI‐positive, 8 (4.3%) were VIA/VILI‐inadequate, one (0.5%) was VIA/VILI‐uncertain and 161 (87.0%) were treated with thermal ablation. One woman had LEEP, and another woman with invasive cancer was treated at a referral facility. The cytobrushes broke off in the vaginas of two women (removed in the village) and in the bladder of another (surgically removed). Community‐based cervical cancer screening with self‐collected specimens for HPV testing is feasible in rural Cameroon. Education on the proper sampling procedure and follow‐up of women who are HPV‐positive are essential.
The use of mobile systems to access health care big data in the Namibian environment
Authors: Shaanika Irja , Iyamu Tiko
Published: October 2019

As the need for health care services increases, some health facilities in many developing countries such as Namibia are challenged with accessing its big data. Despite the success of mobile systems, its use to access health care big data is challenging, which have impact on manageability and improvement of service delivery. The main problem is that the factors that influence interaction between mobile systems and health care big data are not empirically known within the Namibian context. The Namibian Ministry of Health (MoH) was therefore used as a case in this study. Qualitative methods and an interpretivist approach were employed, and structuration theory was used to underpin the study, which means the theory guided the analysis of the data. From the analysis, five factors were found to influence interaction in the use of mobile systems to access health care big data. On the basis of these factors, a model is proposed, which is a contribution to improving health care service delivery in the country through its practical implications: guiding interactions among health care stakeholders and developing policy for accessing patients' big data.
Distance domination and generalized eccentricity in graphs with given minimum degree
Authors: Dankelmann Peter , Erwin David J.
Published: October 2019

Let be a connected graph and . The ‐distance domination number of is the smallest cardinality of a set of vertices such that every vertex of is within distance from some vertex of . While for , that is, for the ordinary domination number, the problem of finding asymptotically sharp upper bounds in terms of order and minimum degree of the graph has been solved, corresponding bounds for have remained elusive. In this paper, we solve this problem and present an asymptotically sharp upper bound on the ‐distance domination number of a graph in terms of its order and minimum degree, which significantly improves on bounds in the literature. We also obtain an asymptotically sharp upper bound on the ‐radius of graphs in terms of order and minimum degree. For , the ‐radius of is defined as the smallest integer such that there exists a set of vertices of having the property that every vertex of is within distance of some vertex in . We also present improved bounds for graphs of given order, minimum degree and maximum degree, for triangle‐free graphs and for graphs not containing a ‐cycle as a subgraph.
Connectivity keeping trees in 2‐connected graphs
Authors: Hasunuma Toru , Ono Kosuke
Published: October 2019

Mader [J Graph Theory 65 (2010), 61‐69] conjectured that for any tree of order , every ‐connected graph with minimum degree at least contains a subtree such that is ‐connected. In this paper, we show that for any tree of order , every 2‐connected graph with minimum degree at least contains a subtree such that is 2‐connected, where denotes the number of internal vertices of . Besides, the lower bound on the minimum degree can be improved to and if is a caterpillar and a quasi‐monotone caterpillar, respectively. From our results, it follows that Mader's conjecture for 2‐connected graphs is true for any tree with , any caterpillar with , or any quasi‐monotone caterpillar.
How work values and organizational outcomes differ by generational cohort in Malaysia's manufacturing sector
Authors: Hung Kee Daisy Mui , Ching Sock Lee , Ng Molly
Published: October 2019

An empirical study of 164 employees at seven large‐scale manufacturers in Malaysia's Penang Free Trade Zone suggests that work values, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention of various generational cohorts differ. Baby Boomers have a higher level of organizational commitment and job satisfaction than their coworkers in Generation X and Generation Y, while Generation Xers have the lowest level of intention to quit. In addition, Baby Boomers have a high level of intrinsic, altruistic, and prestige work values, while Generation Xers have higher intrinsic, extrinsic, social, and prestige work values. In illuminating how organizational outcomes vary by generational cohort, this study suggests ways that human resource professionals can tailor their policies and practices to achieve organizational goals.
Integrin Antibody Decreases Deformability of Patient‐Derived Pre‐B Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells as Measured by High‐Frequency Acoustic Tweezers
Authors: Liu Hsiao‐Chuan , Gang Eun Ji , Kim Hye Na , Abdel‐Azim Nour , Chen Ruimin , Abdel‐Azim Hisham , Shung K. Kirk , Kim Yong‐Mi
Published: October 2019

Objectives

This article reports a study of cell mechanics in patient‐derived (primary) B‐cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells treated with antibodies against integrins. Leukemia cell adhesion to stromal cells mediates chemotherapeutic drug resistance, also known as cell adhesion‐mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. We have previously shown that antibodies against integrin α4 and α6 adhesion molecules can de‐adhere ALL cells from stromal cells or counter‐receptors. Because drug‐resistant cells are more deformable, as evaluated by single‐beam acoustic tweezers, we hypothesized that changes in cell mechanics might contribute to the de‐adhesive effect of integrin‐targeting antibodies.

Methods

In this study, the deformability of primary pre‐B ALL cells was evaluated by single‐beam acoustic tweezers after treatments with the de‐adhering antibody Tysabri or P5G10 against integrin α4 and α6 adhesion molecules.

Results

We demonstrated that primary ALL cells treated with P5G10 expressed decreased deformability compared with immunoglobulin G1‐treated control cells (P < .05). Tysabri did not show an effect on deformability (P > .05).

Conclusions

These results suggest that decreased deformability is associated with an integrin α6 blockade. Further assessments of the functional roles of deformability and integrin blockades in B‐ALL cell drug resistance and deformability, respectively, are necessary.
Nanocellular Polymers with a Gradient Cellular Structure Based on Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends Produced by Gas Dissolution Foaming
Authors: Bernardo Victoria , Martin‐de Leon Judith , Sanchez‐Calderon Ismael , Laguna‐Gutierrez Ester , Rodriguez‐Perez Miguel Angel
Published: October 2019

Graded structures and nanocellular polymers are two examples of advanced cellular morphologies. In this work, a methodology to obtain low‐density graded nanocellular polymers based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends produced by gas dissolution foaming is reported. A systematic study of the effect of the processing condition is presented. Results show that the melt‐blending results in a solid nanostructured material formed by nanometric TPU domains. The PMMA/TPU foamed samples show a gradient cellular structure, with a homogeneous nanocellular core. In the core, the TPU domains act as nucleating sites, enhancing nucleation compared to pure PMMA and allowing the change from a microcellular to a nanocellular structure. Nonetheless, the outer region shows a gradient of cell sizes from nano‐ to micron‐sized cells. This gradient structure is attributed to a non‐constant pressure profile in the samples due to gas desorption before foaming. The nucleation in the PMMA/TPU increases as the saturation pressure increases. Regarding the effect of the foaming conditions, it is proved that it is necessary to have a fine control to avoid degeneration of the cellular materials. Graded nanocellular polymers with relative densities of 0.16–0.30 and cell sizes ranging 310–480 nm (in the nanocellular core) are obtained.
Spiral blurring correction with water–fat separation for magnetic resonance fingerprinting in the breast
Authors: Nolte Teresa , Gross‐Weege Nicolas , Doneva Mariya , Koken Peter , Elevelt Aaldert , Truhn Daniel , Kuhl Christiane , Schulz Volkmar
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) with spiral readout enables rapid quantification of tissue relaxation times. However, it is prone to blurring because of off‐resonance effects. Hence, fat blurring into adjacent regions might prevent identification of small tumors by their quantitative T1 and T2 values. This study aims to correct for the blurring artifacts, thereby enabling fast quantitative mapping in the female breast.

Methods

The impact of fat blurring on spiral MRF results was first assessed by simulations. Then, MRF was combined with 3‐point Dixon water–fat separation and spiral blurring correction based on conjugate phase reconstruction. The approach was assessed in phantom experiments and compared to Cartesian reference measurements, namely inversion recovery (IR), multi‐echo spin echo (MESE), and Cartesian MRF, by normalized root‐mean‐square error (NRMSE) and SD calculations. Feasibility is further demonstrated in vivo for quantitative breast measurements of 6 healthy female volunteers, age range 24–31 y.

Results

In the phantom experiment, the blurring correction reduced the NRMSE per phantom vial on average from 16% to 8% for T1 and from 18% to 11% for T2 when comparing spiral MRF to IR/MESE sequences. When comparing to Cartesian MRF, the NRMSE reduced from 15% to 8% for T1 and from 12% to 7% for T2. Furthermore, SDs decreased. In vivo, the blurring correction removed fat bias on T1/T2 from a rim of ~7–8 mm width adjacent to fatty structures.

Conclusion

The blurring correction for spiral MRF yields improved quantitative maps in the presence of water and fat.
Dipole modeling of multispectral signal for detecting metallic biopsy markers during MRI‐guided breast biopsy: a pilot study
Authors: Eskreis‐Winkler Sarah , Simon Katherine , Reichman Melissa , Spincemaille Pascal , Nguyen Thanh , Kee Youngwook , Cho Junghun , Christos Paul J. , Drotman Michele , Prince Martin R. , Morris Elizabeth A. , Wang Yi
Published: October 2019

Purpose

During MRI‐guided breast biopsy, a metallic biopsy marker is deployed at the biopsy site to guide future interventions. Conventional MRI during biopsy cannot distinguish such markers from biopsy site air, and a post‐biopsy mammogram is therefore performed to localize marker placement. The purpose of this pilot study is to develop dipole modeling of multispectral signal (DIMMS) as an MRI alternative to eliminate the cost, inefficiency, inconvenience, and ionizing radiation of a mammogram for biopsy marker localization.

Methods

DIMMS detects and localizes the biopsy marker by fitting the measured multispectral imaging (MSI) signal to the MRI signal model and marker properties. MSI was performed on phantoms containing titanium biopsy markers and air to illustrate the clinical challenge that DIMMS addresses and on 20 patients undergoing MRI‐guided breast biopsy to assess DIMMS feasibility for marker detection. DIMMS was compared to conventional MSI field map thresholding, using the post‐procedure mammogram as the reference standard.

Results

Biopsy markers were detected and localized in 20 of 20 cases using MSI with automated DIMMS post‐processing (using a threshold of 0.7) and in 18 of 20 cases using MSI field mapping (using a threshold of 0.65 kHz).

Conclusion

MSI with DIMMS post‐processing is a feasible technique for biopsy marker detection and localization during MRI‐guided breast biopsy. With a 2‐min MSI scan, DIMMS is a promising MRI alternative to the standard‐of‐care post‐biopsy mammogram.
Kincentric Ecology, Species Maintenance and the Relational Power of Place in Northern Australia
Authors: Kearney Amanda , Bradley John , Brady Liam M.
Published: October 2019

This paper considers themes of species maintenance and place engagement in Yanyuwa country, northern Australia. It traces the complexity of interpretations and relational contexts involved in places that are commonly – and we argue – misleadingly, referred to as increase and magic sites. Examining one specific place, at which people carry out maintenance rituals, we explore the complex bonds that unite Yanyuwa with the geography that is the Ancestral Hill Kangaroo. Not content with the classificatory habit of declaring actions either increase oriented or hunting magic, this research more fully explicates the relational substance of places that play a key role in ecological health. This is achieved by asking how might the profundity of a place of relational importance, such as a maintenance site, be better understood and written of in ways that convey an Indigenous ontology and epistemology?
The effect of nanomodified epoxy on the tensile and flexural properties of Napier fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Wan Ramli W. M. A. , Abdul Majid M. S. , Ridzuan M. J. M , Sultan M. T. H. , Amin N. A. M. , Gibson A. G.
Published: October 2019

The tensile, flexural, and morphological properties of Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites were investigated. Untreated and alkali‐treated Napier fibers, as well as nanoclay and epoxy resin, were used to fabricate Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites by using cold press compression machines. Napier fiber was treated with 5% dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 6 h. Varying amounts of nanoclay filler (3, 5, and 10 wt%) were mixed with the epoxy resin prior to fabricating the Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites. The results of mechanical testing indicated that the alkali‐treated Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites incorporating 5 wt% nanoclay exhibited the highest flexural and tensile properties. Morphological analysis was then conducted to further analyze the fractured specimens following the mechanical tests. The scanning electron microscope images of the Napier fiber reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites that contained 5 wt% nanoclay revealed good interfacial bonding between the matrix and the reinforcement.
Impact of alkyl side chain on the photostability and optoelectronic properties of indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐alt‐naphtho[1,2‐c:5,6‐ c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole medium bandgap copolymers
Authors: An Lili , Tong Junfeng , Yang Chunyan , Zhao Xu , Wang Xunchang , Xia Yangjun
Published: October 2019

Three donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) type alternating conjugated polymers, namely PIDTT‐DTNT‐C16, PIDTT‐DTNT‐HD and PIDTT‐DTNT‐OD bearing the same backbone of indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (IDTT) as the D unit and naphtho[1,2‐c:5,6‐c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (NT) as the A moiety but with different flexible side chain (n‐hexadecyl (C16), 2‐hexyldecyl (HD) and 2‐octyldodecyl (OD)) substituted thiophene employed as π‐bridges, were synthesized and characterized. The effects of the side chain on absorption, photostability, energy levels, aggregation, backbone conformation, morphology and photovoltaic properties were systematically investigated. Because moderate D and strong A units were selected to construct the polymer backbone, a medium optical bandgap (ca. 1.66 eV) and low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO ≈ −5.36 V), thus resulting in a relatively higher open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.80–0.83 V, were achieved. It was found that the side chain gave rise to an insignificant impact on absorption, aggregation and photostability in chlorobenzene solution and energy levels but a non‐negligible influence on absorption, photostability and aggregation behavior in the film state. It was found that PIDTT‐DTNT‐C16 with the densest and most ordered packing structure exhibited the best photostability. Inverted bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells based on PIDTT‐DTNT‐HD:PC61BM ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester) showed at least a 1.5‐fold increase in power conversion efficiency, chiefly originating from its slightly improved absorption, more balanced μh/μe ratio and favorable morphology of the active layer as a result of incorporating branched HD side chains into the IDTT‐alt‐DTNT backbone. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Broad‐ and narrow‐sense validity performance of three polygenic risk score methods for prostate cancer risk assessment
Authors: Yu Hongjie , Shi Zhuqing , Lin Xiaoling , Bao Quanwa , Jia Haifei , Wei Jun , Helfand Brian T. , Zheng Siqun. L. , Duggan David , Lu Daru , Mo Zengnan , Xu Jianfeng
Published: October 2019

Background

Several polygenic risk score (PRS) methods are available for measuring the cumulative effect of multiple risk‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Their performance in predicting risk at the individual level has not been well studied.

Methods

We compared the performance of three PRS methods for prostate cancer risk assessment in a clinical trial cohort, including genetic risk score (GRS), pruning and thresholding (P + T), and linkage disequilibrium prediction (LDpred). Performance was evaluated for score deciles (broad‐sense validity) and score values (narrow‐sense validity).

Results

A training process was required to identify the best P + T model (397 SNPs) and LDpred model (3 011 362 SNPs). In contrast, GRS was directly calculated based on 110 established risk‐associated SNPs. For broad‐sense validity in the testing population, higher deciles were significantly associated with higher observed risk; Ptrend was 7.40 × 10−11, 7.64 × 10−13, and 7.51 × 10−10 for GRS, P + T, and LDpred, respectively. For narrow‐sense validity, the calibration slope (1 is best) was 1.03, 0.77, and 0.87, and mean bias score (0 is best) was 0.09, 0.21, and 0.10 for GRS, P + T, and LDpred, respectively.

Conclusions

The performance of GRS was better than P + T and LDpred. Fewer and well‐established SNPs of GRS also make it more feasible and interpretable for genetic testing at the individual level.
Theoretical insight into the magnetic circular dichroism of uranium N6,7‐edge X‐ray absorption
Authors: Ramanantoanina Harry , Gruden Maja
Published: October 2019

We use ligand‐field density functional theory to determine the electronic structure and to model magnetic circular dichroism in the X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of uranium compounds. This study extends earlier work on tetravalent uranium ion, in which a model Hamiltonian was set up in order to study electronic structure with three nonequivalent 4f, 5f, and 6d electrons. In the earlier work, the model Hamiltonian took into consideration the interelectron repulsion, spin‐orbit coupling interaction, and ligand‐field splitting. Uranium N6,7‐edge XAS spectra were calculated on the basis of the 5f2 → 4f135f26d1 electron transition, showing spectral profiles that were mainly dominated by 4f electron spin‐orbit coupling, as well as 6d ligand‐field splitting. Fine structures were also observed due to the interelectronic repulsion between 4f‐5f, 4f‐6d, and 5f‐6d electrons. Here, the theoretical study is extended to take into consideration the presence of an external magnetic field, incorporating into the model Hamiltonian for three‐open‐shell electron configuration a term for Zeeman interaction. Therefore, we are able to model spectra with a left‐circularly and right‐circularly polarized X‐ray, demonstrating evidence of X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) for a tetravalent U4+ ion in the molecular (U(η8‐C8H8)2) complex. The XMCD originates from a ground‐state electronic structure with open‐shell 5f electrons. Furthermore, the present calculation of uranium N6,7‐edge XAS and XMCD spectra also enables the ligand‐field bonding analysis of the coordination compound.
Understand how courts evaluate universities’ liability for alcohol‐related harm on campus
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: October 2019

Alcohol consumption by college‐age students is a major concern for parents and higher education administrators. Parents worry about their sons’ and daughters’ safety, while institutions are concerned for student safety and well‐being, and because alcohol‐related injuries can be a source of costly litigation.
“HOT” Alkaline Hydrolysis of Amorphous MOF Microspheres to Produce Ultrastable Bimetal Hydroxide Electrode with Boosted Cycling Stability
Authors: Zhang Haobing , Xu Ben , Mei Hao , Mei Yingjie , Zhang Shiyu , Yang Zhendong , Xiao Zhenyu , Kang Wenpei , Sun Daofeng
Published: October 2019

Nickel/cobalt hydroxide is a promising battery‐type electrode material for supercapacitors. However, its low cycle stability hinders further applications. Herein, Ni0.7Co0.3(OH)2 core–shell microspheres exhibiting extreme‐prolonged cycling life are successfully synthesized, employing Ni‐Co‐metal–organic framework (MOF) as the precursor/template and a specific hydrolysis strategy. The Ni‐Co‐MOF and KOH aqueous solution are separated and heated to 120 °C before mixing, rather than mixing before heating. Through this hydrolysis strategy, no MOF residual exists in the product, contributing to close stacking of the hydroxide nanoflakes to generate Ni0.7Co0.3(OH)2 microspheres with a robust core–shell structure. The electrode material exhibits high specific capacity (945 C g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and unprecedented cycling performance (100% after 10 000 cycles). The fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 40.14 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 400.56 W kg−1 and excellent cycling stability (100% after 20 000 cycles). As far as is known, it is the best cycling performance for pure Ni/Co(OH)2.
Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lignin‐Rich Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Corncob Residues and Its Adsorption of Cu(II) Ions
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Shanyong , Liu Wei , Wang Yu , Hou Qingxi , Wang Junhao , Jin Mengchen , Li Jinsong , Chen Yangyang
Published: October 2019

The utilization of agricultural residues to produce bio‐based fuels, chemicals, and new materials is essential for the sustainable development of human society. Corncob residues are potential feedstocks to produce fermentable sugars because of their high cellulose content. The enzymatically hydrolyzed corncob residues containing a large amount of lignin are first explored as raw material to prepare activated carbon by chemical activation. In this study, the conditions for preparing activated carbon with CaCl2 are optimized and compared with other activators; the activated carbon are characterized by FTIR, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and SEM, as well as adsorption of Cu(II). The optimized conditions of preparing activated carbon from lignin‐rich enzymatically hydrolyzed corncob residues with CaCl2 are obtained. The as‐prepared activated carbon exhibit good adsorption capacity of Cu(II), that is, the adsorption capacity is up to 49.21 mg g−1 under the optimized conditions.
Model of Retrogradation of Extruded Potato Starch
Authors: Tomaszewska‐Ciosk Ewa , Zdybel Ewa , Drożdż Wioletta
Published: October 2019

Starch pastes represent unstable systems which tend to retrograde during storage. Starch recrystallisation increases gel hardness and releases entrapped water. This causes undesirable changes in the stability and texture of the whole product. This study aims to analyze the degree and rate of retrogradation. In addition, an attempt is undertaken to fit a retrogradation model for pastes prepared from starches with various granule sizes and subjected to a single or double extrusion process. Pastes prepared from double‐extruded starch are characterized by a lower degree of degradation compared to those made of non‐extruded and single‐extruded starches, and this decrease in degradation extent depends on extrusion process temperature. The degree of starch retrogradation in pastes increases along with greater diameters of starch granules. This is associated with granule size not only because of contents of amylose and amylopectin fractions in the granules but also because of the difference between their mean volumetric diameters.
Why is state‐centered groundwater governance largely ineffective? A review
Authors: Molle François , Closas Alvar
Published: October 2019

Faced with severe groundwater depletion, many governments have opted to increase the power of the state. Despite calls for more inclusive governance and a role for groundwater users, modes of governance have tended to continue to rely on a diversity of policy tools and state‐run strategies in the attempt to control groundwater (over)abstraction. Yet, around the world, the performance of state‐centered governance has remained dismal. Beyond common difficulties in terms of data and financial or human resources, this article analyzes in greater depth the limited effectiveness of state groundwater policies that has been observed, emphasizing its political ramifications. The various aspects of weak monitoring and enforcement, as well as of the infamous “lack of political will,” are considered from the perspective of the political economy of groundwater economies. Cases of relative success are then used to identify favorable drivers and contexts for effective state‐centered groundwater governance.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water Governance

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Strong cosmic censorship for the Dirac field in the higher dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Van Vooren Stijn , Zhang Hongbao , Zhong Zhen
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We investigate the strong cosmic censorship for the Dirac field in the higher dimensional Reissner-Norstrom-de Sitter black hole. To achieve this, we first use the con- formal transformation trick to massage the Dirac equation to a pair of coupled equations in a meticulously chosen orthonormal basis and derive the criterion on the quasinormal modes for the violation of the strong cosmic censorship, which turns out to be indepen- dent of the spacetime dimension. Then we apply the Crank-Nicolson method to evolve our Dirac equation in the double null coordinates and extract the low-lying quasinormal modes from the evolution data by the Prony method. It is shown for the spacetime dimension D = 4, 5, 6 under consideration that although the strong cosmic censorship is violated by the perturbation from the neutral Dirac field in the near-extremal black hole, the strong cosmic censorship can be restored when the charge of the Dirac field is increased beyond a critical value. The closer to the extremal limit the black hole is, the larger the critical charge of the Dirac field is.
Prognostic Significance of Hiatal Hernia in Patients with Gastric Cancer Located within the Upper‐Third of the Stomach
Authors: Maruyama Suguru , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Akaike Hidenori , Shiraishi Kensuke , Saito Ryo , Shimizu Hiroki , Furuya Shinji , Hosomura Naohiro , Amemiya Hidetake , Kawaida Hiromichi , Sudo Makoto , Inoue Shingo , Kono Hiroshi , Ichikawa Daisuke
Published: October 2019

Background

Gastric cancers located within the upper‐third of the stomach (UGC), especially the esophagogastric junction GC (EGJGC), have distinct clinicopathological features due to their potential for multidirectional lymphatic spread. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of hiatal hernias (HH) in patients with UGC, including EGJGC.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we assessed status of HH in 147 patients with UGC who underwent curative resection at our hospital and examined the correlation between the presence of HH (+) and multiple clinicopathological factors.

Results

Thirty‐four patients (23%) were HH (+). However, we found no significant correlation between HH (+) and clinicopathological factors. HH (+) patients frequently developed lymph node recurrences. Prognosis was significantly better in patients with UGC and HH (−), compared to those with UGC and HH (+). Similarly, EGJGC patients who were HH (−) showed superior survival compared to HH (+) patients. Multivariate analysis found that the HH (+) (p = 0.004), histological type (p = 0.029), and nodal stage (p = 0.034) were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

The presence of HH might affect lymphatic spread of tumor cells, and consequently prognosis of patients with UGC. Therefore, special attention is needed in developing surgical and postoperative strategies for such patients with UGC who are HH (+).
Improving Capacity Development for Threatened Maritime and Marine Cultural Heritage Through the Evaluation of a Parameter Framework
Authors: Recinos Katherine , Blue Lucy
Published: October 2019

Maritime cultural heritage is under increasing threat around the world, facing damage, destruction, and disappearance. Despite attempts to mitigate these threats, maritime cultural heritage is often not addressed to the same extent or with equal resources. One approach that can be applied towards protecting and conserving threatened cultural heritage, and closing this gap, is capacity development. This paper addresses the question of how capacity development can be improved and adapted for the protection of maritime cultural heritage under threat. It asserts that capacity development for maritime cultural heritage can be improved by gaining a more comprehensive and structured understanding of capacity development initiatives through applying a consistent framework for evaluation and analysis. This allows for assessment and reflection on previous or ongoing initiatives, leading to the implementation of more effective initiatives in the future. In order to do this, a model for classifying initiatives by ten parameters is proposed. It is then applied to a number of case studies featuring initiatives in the Middle East and North Africa region. This is followed by a discussion of how conclusions and themes drawn from the examination and evaluation of the case study initiatives can provide a deeper understanding of capacity development efforts, and an analysis of how the parameter model as a framework can aid in improving capacity development for threatened maritime cultural heritage overall.
Visual autoethnography and international security: Insights from the Korean DMZ
Authors: Bleiker Roland
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this article is to introduce and explore the political potential of visual autoethnography. I do so through my experience of working as a Swiss Army officer in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). Drawing on my own photographs I examine how an appreciation of everyday aesthetic sensibilities can open up new ways of thinking about security dilemmas. I argue that visual autoethnography can be insightful not because it offers better or even authentic views – it cannot – but because it has the potential to reveal how prevailing political discourses are so widely rehearsed and accepted that we no longer see their partial, political, and often problematic nature. I illustrate this potential in two ways: (1) how a self-reflective engagement with my own photographs of the DMZ reveals the deeply entrenched role of militarised masculinities; (2) how my positionality and my photographs of everyday life in North Korea show that prevailing security discourses are highly particular and biased, even though they are used to justify seemingly objective policy decisions.