bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Disadvantaged Groups for Cochlear Implantation: Demographics from a Large Cochlear Implant Program
Authors: Tolisano Anthony M. , Schauwecker Natalie , Baumgart Bethany , Whitson Johanna , Kutz Joe Walter , Isaacson Brandon , Hunter Jacob B.
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To identify demographic predictors of patients undergoing cochlear implantation evaluation and surgery.

Methods:

Consecutive adult patients between 2009 and 2018 who underwent cochlear implantation evaluation at a university cochlear implantation program were retrospectively identified to determine (1) cochlear implantation qualification rate and (2) pursuit of surgery rate with respect to age, gender, race, primary spoken language, marital status, insurance type, and distance to the cochlear implantation center.

Results:

A total of 823 cochlear implantation evaluations were analyzed. Overall, 76.3% of patients qualified for cochlear implantation and 61.5% of these patients pursued surgery. Age was the only independent predictor for cochlear implantation qualification, such that, for each year younger, the odds of qualifying for cochlear implantation increased by 2.5% (OR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99). Age, race, marital status, and insurance type were each independent predictors of the decision to pursue surgery. The odds of pursuing surgery increased by 2.8% for each year younger (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05). Compared to White patients, non-Whites were half as likely to pursue surgery (OR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.25-0.88). Single (OR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26-0.94) and widowed patients (OR 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23-0.95) were about half as likely to pursue surgery as compared to married patients. Patients with military insurance were 13 times more likely to pursue surgery as compared to patients with Medicare (OR 13.0; 95% CI: 1.67-101.4).

Conclusion:

Younger age is an independent predictor for a higher cochlear implantation qualification rate, suggesting the possibility for delayed candidacy referral. Rate of surgical pursuit in qualified cochlear implantation candidates is lower for racial minorities, single and widowed patients, and older patients.
Screening of Gunshot Residue in Skin Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Hyperspectral Microscopy
Authors: Álvarez Ángela , Yáñez Jorge
Published: November 2019

The detection of gunshot residues (GSR) in skin is important in criminal forensic investigations related with firearms. Conventionally, the procedure is based on the detection of metallic or inorganic residues (IGSR). In this work, we propose attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) hyperspectral microscopy as a complementary and nondestructive technique for detection of organic GSR (OGSR). The spectra were acquired from GSR of three ammunition manufacturers, which were collected from shooter’s hands by the tape-lifting method. Before spectroscopic analysis, a Na–Ca bleach solution was added to all GSR samples on the tape for destroying skin debris. Positive detection of OGSR spectra were achieved by ATR FT-IR hyperspectral microscopy. Spectra show characteristic patterns of nitrate ester compounds which agrees with the propellant chemical composition. Characteristic ATR FT-IR spectral patterns of OGSR were measured from visualized GSR particles demonstrating the potential of ATR FT-IR hyperspectral microscopy.
Prior design for tomographic volume fraction estimation in pneumatic conveying systems from capacitive data
Authors: Suppan Thomas , Neumayer Markus , Bretterklieber Thomas , Puttinger Stefan
Published: November 2019

Pneumatic conveying systems have become a standard technique for the transport of bulk materials such as powdery or granulates. The spatial dependence of the material density and the stream velocity in such transport systems require a volumetric measurement principle for flow measurement. In this paper we analyse the capability to estimate the volume fraction from capacitive sensing data using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). In particular, we investigate the capability of back-projection type imaging algorithms. The ill-posed nature of the imaging problem of ECT require the incorporation of prior knowledge in the design of the estimator. We analyse the different flow profiles in pneumatic conveying in order to generate specific sample-based prior information to improve the estimation performance and robustness. We discuss the construction of different linear image reconstruction algorithms and present a framework, which allows a detailed statistical analysis of the estimator performance. Simulation studies show the estimation behaviour of different algorithms with respect to the incorporated prior information. We demonstrate, that the incorporation of specific prior knowledge leads to an improved estimator behaviour; for example, reduced variance and unbiased estimates. We implemented laboratory experiments in order to analyse the presented approach for the application in real pneumatic conveying processes. We demonstrate the improved robust estimation behaviour by means of comparative reconstruction results obtained with different algorithms and priors. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the estimated volume fraction is analysed in steady state conveying processes. Hereby, it is demonstrated, that appropriate prior information improves the estimation performance also for measurements coming from real pneumatic conveying processes, making ECT a suitable tool for the volume fraction estimation in such transport systems.
Balancing daylight and overheating in low-energy design using CIBSE improved weather files
Authors: Brembilla Eleonora , Hopfe Christina J , Mardaljevic John , Mylona Anastasia , Mantesi Eirini
Published: November 2019

A new set of CIBSE weather files for building performance simulation was recently developed to address the need for better quality solar data. These are essential for most building performance simulation applications, particularly for daylighting studies and low-energy building design, which requires detailed irradiation data for passive solar design and overheating risk analysis. The reliability of weather data becomes paramount when building performance is pushed to its limits. Findings illustrate how principles of good window design can be applied to a case study building, built to the Passivhaus standard, and how its expected performance is affected by the quality of solar irradiation data. Analyses using test reference years were most affected by changes in the solar radiation model (up to 8.3% points), whereas for design summer years the maximum difference was 1.7% points. Adopting the new model caused overheating risk to be classified as more severe using test reference years than design summer years, prompting a discussion on the design summer year selection method. Irradiance data measured on-site were used as a benchmark to evaluate the new solar radiation model, which was found to significantly improve the accuracy of irradiance data within weather files and so the reliability of overheating assessments.

Practical application: CIBSE weather files are widely used for compliance verification of building performance in the UK context. This paper tests how the introduction of a new solar radiation model in weather files will affect daylighting and overheating simulation results. Examples are given on how low-energy building design considerations driven by advanced simulation techniques can help reaching indoor visual and thermal comfort requirements.
Learning attribute grammars for movement primitive sequencing
Authors: Lioutikov Rudolf , Maeda Guilherme , Veiga Filipe , Kersting Kristian , Peters Jan
Published: November 2019

Movement primitives are a well studied and widely applied concept in modern robotics. However, composing primitives out of an existing library has shown to be a challenging problem. We propose the use of probabilistic context-free grammars to sequence a series of primitives to generate complex robot policies from a given library of primitives. The rule-based nature of formal grammars allows an intuitive encoding of hierarchically structured tasks. This hierarchical concept strongly connects with the way robot policies can be learned, organized, and re-used. However, the induction of context-free grammars has proven to be a complicated and yet unsolved challenge. We exploit the physical nature of robot movement primitives to restrict and efficiently search the grammar space. The grammar is learned by applying a Markov chain Monte Carlo optimization over the posteriors of the grammars given the observations. The proposal distribution is defined as a mixture over the probabilities of the operators connecting the search space. Moreover, we present an approach for the categorization of probabilistic movement primitives and discuss how the connectibility of two primitives can be determined. These characteristics in combination with restrictions to the operators guarantee continuous sequences while reducing the grammar space. In addition, a set of attributes and conditions is introduced that augments probabilistic context-free grammars in order to solve primitive sequencing tasks with the capability to adapt single primitives within the sequence. The method was validated on tasks that require the generation of complex sequences consisting of simple movement primitives using a seven-degree-of-freedom lightweight robotic arm.
Psychiatry and the Opioid Crisis in Canada
Authors: Neilson Grainne E. , Freeland Alison , Schütz Christian G.
Published: November 2019

A position statement developed by the Canadian Psychiatric Association’s Professional Standards and Practice Committee and approved by the CPA’s Board of Directors on April 18, 2019.
Descriptive Analysis of the Characteristics of Proven Cases of Sexual Abuse in Victims With Intellectual Disabilities and Children With Typical Development in Spain
Authors: Vara Alba , Quintana José M. , Escorial Sergio , Manzanero Antonio L.
Published: November 2019

Children and people with intellectual disability (ID) are considered to be highly vulnerable and in need of special protection against sexual abuse (SA). The objective of this work was to analyze the characteristics of cases of SA in children with typical development and in people with ID in Spain. To do so, 25 cases of each type that had been investigated by specialized groups of the Judicial Police of the Spanish Civil Guard and that had been classified as proven and confirmed by police and forensic-medical evidence were analyzed. The results allowed the establishment of the typical minor victim profile as Spanish female (76%), with an average age of 8.64 years. Typical victim with ID was characterized as being of Spanish, aged 20.28 years on average, without prior sexual experience, and similar percentages of males (40%) and females (60%). In both cases, the aggressor usually acted alone, was known to the victim, had an average age of 42 years, and without a history of sexual offenses. The most common child sexual crime was SA with penetration, practiced repeatedly, using strategies such as the use of force, authority, rewards, or secrecy. Victims with ID suffered sexual abuse with penetration, using force, authority, threats or blackmail. Finally, 36% of minors not disclose the events by only 8% of victims with ID. Spontaneity was found in the 40% first disclosure in both victims, with greater police evidence and greater recognition of guilt on behalf of the aggressors against victims without disabilities. Minors took an average of 26.26 days to report the facts, and victims with ID of 64.94. It is necessary to know more about these types of offenses to design appropriate prevention and detection programs.
Factors influencing the quality of life in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Almaty, Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhakipbayeva Bakhytkul T , Nugmanova Zhamilya S , Tracy Melissa , Birkhead Guthrie S , Akhmetova Gulzhakhan M , DeHovitz Jack
Published: November 2019

The study purpose was to determine the factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Kazakhstan. A convenience sample of 531 adult PLHIV registered at the Almaty City AIDS Center was used for this cross-sectional study. HRQoL data were collected with the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life HIV brief questionnaire, depression – with Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and clinical data were retrieved from medical records. Multivariate logistic and Tobit censored regressions were used to examine the relationship of socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors with HRQoL and the six specific HRQoL domains: 35.8% of participants did not report good HRQoL. The following variables were identified as independent predictors of poor HRQoL: probable depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 13.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.56–39.52); history of injecting drug use (AOR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.40–3.14); CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3 (AOR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.30–3.62); previously married status (AOR 2.23, 95% CI: 1.16–4.28); and co-infection with tuberculosis, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, Chlamydia, herpes simplex, or cytomegalovirus (AOR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.06–2.39). HRQoL of PLHIV in Almaty was independently influenced by several factors. An interdisciplinary approach is needed in planning healthcare and social services addressing improvement of HRQoL among PLHIV.
Predictors and Outcomes of Burnout Among Primary Care Providers in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abraham Cilgy M. , Zheng Katherine , Poghosyan Lusine
Published: November 2019

Primary care providers (PCPs) in the United States work in challenging environments and may be at risk for burnout. This article identifies the predictors and outcomes of burnout among PCPs in the United States. A comprehensive literature search of eight databases was conducted to identify studies investigating predictors or outcomes of PCP burnout. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal checklists for cross-sectional and cohort studies were used for quality appraisal. Overall, 21 studies met inclusion criteria, had sufficient quality, reported personal and/or organizational predictors of burnout, and described burnout outcomes at the patient, provider, or organizational level. Prevalence of PCP burnout ranged from 13.5% to 60%. The primary care practice environment was the most common predictor of PCP burnout. In conclusion, developing interventions to improve the practice environment may help reduce PCP burnout. Future studies using robust study designs and standardized instruments to consistently measure burnout are needed.
Lamb’s problem: a brief history
Authors: Emami Mohamad , Eskandari-Ghadi Morteza
Published: November 2019

In this review note, a historical scientific investigation is presented for Lamb’s problem in the mathematical theory of elasticity. This problem first appeared in 1904 in the pioneering paper of Professor Sir Horace Lamb (Lamb, H. On the propagation of tremors over the surface of an elastic solid. Philos Trans R Soc Lon 1904; 203: 1–42). Of special interest here are the analytical studies of the three-dimensional version of Lamb’s problem, which consists of a semi-infinite, homogeneous, isotropic elastic solid that is set in motion by the exertion of a dynamical point force applied suddenly on the surface of the domain. The objective of this paper is to offer a comprehensive introduction to Lamb’s problem for the reader, along with discussing its mathematical complexities. An account is given of the history of this ever-significant problem from its earlier stages to the more recent investigations via outlining and discussing different rigorous approaches and methods of solution that have been hitherto suggested. The limitations of different methods, if they exist, are also discussed. Eventually, various solution methods are compared considering their nature, advantages, and restrictions.
Interview with Cenk Uygur From the Young Turks (TYT)
Authors: Ray Rashawn
Published: November 2019

Rashawn Ray interviews Cenk Uygur from The Young Turks.
Duration of sweep gas off trial for weaning from venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Na Soo Jin , Choi Hee Jung , Chung Chi Ryang , Cho Yang Hyun , Sung Kiick , Yang Jeong Hoon , Suh Gee Young , Ahn Joong Hyun , Carriere Keumhee C. , Jeon Kyeongman
Published: November 2019

Background:

No data are available on the duration of time needed to assess the adequacy of lung function after stopping sweep gas for weaning of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The objective of this study was to investigate changes in arterial blood gases (ABGs) during sweep gas off trials in patients receiving venovenous ECMO.

Methods:

Data on patients receiving venovenous ECMO, with a weaning trial at least once, were collected prospectively from January 2012 through December 2017. Serial changes in ABGs during sweep gas off trial and clinical outcomes after weaning from venovenous ECMO were evaluated.

Results:

Over the study period, 192 sweep gas off trials occurred in 93 patients: 115 (60%) failed and 77 (40%) were successful. During the trial, significant changes in blood gases were observed within 1 h in all patients. When serial ABGs were compared according to trial off results, there were no significant differences in the pH, PaCO2, and HCO3− trends across time points between successful and failed trials. However, PaO2 (70.6 versus 93.4 mmHg), SaO2 (91.9 versus 95.2%), and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (164.0 versus 233.4) were significantly lower in failed trials than successful trials within 1 h after stopping sweep gas. After 2 h of trial off, no significant change in blood gases was observed until the end of the trial.

Conclusions:

No change in blood gases was observed 2 h after stopping sweep gas in patients receiving venovenous ECMO. Based on our institutional experience, however, we suggest monitoring for 2 h or more after stopping sweep gas flow to assess if patients are ready for decannulation. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Increased incidence of systemic serious viral infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease associates with active disease and use of thiopurines
Authors: Wisniewski Andrew , Kirchgesner Julien , Seksik Philippe , Landman Cécilia , Bourrier Anne , Nion‐Larmurier Isabelle , Marteau Philippe , Cosnes Jacques , Sokol Harry , Beaugerie Laurent ,   the Saint‐Antoine IBD network, Arrivé Lionel , Beaugerie Laurent , Bourrier Anne , Camus Marine , Chafai Najim , Chambenois Edouard , Chaput Ulriikka , Debove Clotilde , Delattre Charlotte , Dray Xavier , Fléjou Jean‐François , Le Gall Guillaume , Hoyeau Nadia , Kirchgesner Julien , Landman Cécilia , Lefèvre Jérémie H , Marteau Philippe , Martineau Chloé , Monnier‐Cholley Laurence , Nion‐Larmurier Isabelle , Ozenne Violaine , Parc Yann , Seksik Philippe , Sokol Harry , Svrcek Magali , Tiret Emmanuel
Published: November 2019

Background

The magnitude and drivers of the risk of serious viral infections in Inflammatory Bowel diseases (IBD) are unclear.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors for systemic serious viral infections in IBD patients.

Methods

Using MICISTA, a database detailing prospective characteristics and complications of IBD, we identified patients that were followed for IBD in 2005–2014 outside the context of organ transplantation, HIV infection or chronic viral hepatitis. We estimated incidences of systemic serious viral infections, defined by the need for hospitalization or permanent organ damage. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using the French hospital database. We performed a case‐control study nested in MICISTA for assessing the role of exposure to IBD drugs and IBD clinical activity in the risk of developing infection.

Results

We identified 31 patients with serious viral infections among 2645 patients followed for 15,383 person‐years. We observed 13 cases of cytomegalovirus, 10 Epstein–Barr virus, 5 varicella zoster virus and 3 herpes simplex virus infections. No deaths occurred. The incidence rate of infections in patients with IBD was 2.02/1000 person‐years, and the SIR was 3.09 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.98–4.20; p  = 0.0002) in the study population. By multivariate analysis, increased risk of infection was associated with exposure to thiopurines (odds ratio (OR), 3.48; 95% CI, 1.36–8.90; p  = 0.009), and clinically active IBD at onset of infection (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.23–9.23; p  = 0.02).

Conclusions

The incidence of systemic serious viral infections in patients with IBD is tripled compared to general population. Clinically active IBD and exposure to thiopurines are the main drivers of the risk.
Towards just production of tourism space via dialogical everyday politics in destination communities
Authors: Kulusjärvi Outi
Published: November 2019

This article takes an under-explored approach to politics and social change, focusing not on critiquing per se but on establishing local relations that enable community building. The study objective is to envision a type of politico-economic agency that would contribute to building local relations that are characterized by socially just production of tourism spaces. The topic is explored in the context of tourism economy and related injustices in local communities. The study draws on Lefebvre’s work The Production of Space and its insights on politico-economic subjectivity, difference, and politics. His concepts of ‘abstract’ and ‘absolute’ spaces are highlighted as central in studying social transformations. The proposed view on social change is explored empirically in the context of local tourism politics in the Ylläs destination in the Finnish North. The case study illustrates how in its current mode the prevailing tourism politics is not sufficient to advance socially just production of tourism space. Based on an ethnographically oriented study of the existing everyday tourism realities it is proposed that the injustices are reproduced by a mutual lack of attention to different perspectives between groups. It is argued that dialogical everyday politics is needed for facilitating mutual understanding across difference, and thus widening the perspectives from which local development needs are discussed. The article concludes that critical research should recognize that it is essential to improve inter-group relations in communities if the aim is a just production of space in which the diversity of voices is taken into account.
Two Waves of Mitochondrion Disruption in Apoptosis: Implications for the Design of Anti-Cancer Drugs.
Authors: Chen Min , Guerrero Alan D. , Huang Li , Shabier Zainuer , Sandoval Hector , Wang Jin
Published: November 2019

Apoptosis plays an important role in preventing cancer development and promoting anti-cancer therapy. During mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, the disruption of mitochondria leads to the release of cytochrome c to form apoptosome with Apaf-1 and caspase-9, resulting in caspase-9 activation. However, the precise mechanisms controlling mitochondrion disruption remain elusive. Ablation of caspase-9 or other apoptosome components causes abnormal brain development and perinatal lethality in mice, making it difficult to assess the in vivo functions of caspase-9 signaling in many cell types and the role of caspase-9 in regulating mitochondria disruption. Through conditional knockout and inducible activation of caspase-9, we show that the loss of mitochondrion membrane potential (Δψm) during apoptosis proceeds in distinct caspase-9-dependent and independent steps. The initial loss of cells with high Δψm (Δψmh) was independent of caspase-9, but required BH3-only proteins of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bim and BNIP3L. Caspase-9 deficiency arrested the B cells at a stage with intermediate levels of Δψm (Δψmint). Apoptosis stimuli induced activation of effector caspases and cleavage of anti-apoptotic myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in wild type but not caspase-9−/− B cells. Specific activation of caspase-9 by chemical-induced dimerization in human leukemia H9 cells also resulted in the loss of Δψm and cleavage of Mcl-1, but silencing of downstream effector caspases inhibited Mcl-1 cleavage and sequestered the cells at the Δψmint stage. Moreover, a cleavage-resistant Mcl-1 inhibited caspase-9-dependent mitochondrion disruption and apoptosis, indicating that caspase-9-mediated mitochondrion destruction involves Mcl-1 processing. Our data suggest that BH3-only proteins initiate the first wave of mitochondrion disruption during apoptosis with Δψmh to Δψmint transition, while caspase-9 signaling orchestrated the second wave of Δψmint to Δψm− transition through the cleavage of Mcl-1. Defects in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway are associated with the development and treatment failures of many hematological malignancies. Identification of stepwise mitochondrial disruption may allow specific targeting of apoptotic machineries in various therapeutic settings. Chemical-induced dimerization of caspase-9 may be particularly useful for the design of anti-cancer drugs to treat those malignancies involving Mcl-1 over-expression.
Characterization of gut microbiota in children with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Li Weiran , Zhu Yu , Liao Qiong , Wang Zhiling , Wan Chaomin
Published: November 2019

Background

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in many important physiological processes and is linked with various pulmonary infectious diseases. The relationship between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and gut microbiota has been poorly studied. The present study aimed to characterize gut microbiota in pediatric patients with PTB.

Methods

A case-controlled study was executed for the characterization of gut microbiota in pediatric PTB patients. Fecal samples were collected from the PTB patients and healthy controls upon admission. In addition, a one-month follow-up assessment was performed to investigate alterations in the gut microbiota post anti-tuberculosis treatment. 16SrDNA sequencing analysis of fecal DNA was completed on the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, the gut microbiota of pediatric patients with PTB was characterized by decreased microbial diversity. PTB patients further presented an up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory bacteriaPrevotella,the opportunistic pathogenEnterococcus,as well as a reduction of beneficial bacteria includingRuminococcaceae,Bifidobacteriaceaeandprausnitzii.One-month after anti-tuberculosis therapy, the richness of gut microbiota in PTB patients was distinctly depleted.

Conclusions

The gut microbiota of pediatric patients with PTB was significantly distinct from healthy controls. Additionally, the richness of gut microbiota in PTB patients decreased after one-month anti-tuberculosis treatment. It is hypothesized that the homeostasis of gut microbiota in PTB patients may affect the pathogenies of PTB by de-regulation of the hosts’ immune status through the gut-lung axis.
Clinical application of large channel endoscopic decompression in posterior cervical spine disorders
Authors: Li Chengli , Tang Xiaojie , Chen Song , Meng Yongchun , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2019

Background

We investigated the clinical value of posterior percutaneous endoscopic decompression (PED) for single-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Methods: Clinical data from February 2016 to March 2018 were collected for 32 patients with single-segment CSM or CSR who underwent posterior cervical percutaneous large channel endoscopic decompression and completed a regular follow-up exam at 12 months after surgery. Patient data included: age (range 30–81 years and mean of 49.5 years) and surgical information (operation time, bleeding volume, hospital stay, complications, etc.). The Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and pain visual analog scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the surgical outcome for each patient. Cervical spine radiographs were used to evaluate cervical curvature (Cervical spondylotic angle (CSA), C2–7 Cobb angle) and CT and MRI were used to assess the extent of laminectomy and nerve root decompression. The JOA score, VAS score, cervical curvature were analyzed statistically, and the clinical outcome was evaluated using modified Macnab criteria at the last patient follow-up exam.

Results

The JOA and VAS scores were compared before and after surgery (1 day Pre-op; 3 days, 3 months and 12 months Post-op). The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in cervical curvature (C2–7 Cobb angle) between the time points (1 day Pre-op; 3 days, 3 months and 12 months Post-op), but the differences were no statistically significant in CSA angle (P < 0.05) The operation time range was 45–110 min (mean 68.6 ± 23.8 min); the intraoperative blood loss range was 20–85 ml (mean28 ± 14.8 ml), and the hospital stay was 3–8 days (mean4.5 days). At the last follow-up, the clinical efficacy was evaluated using modified Macnab criteria. The results were excellent in 18 cases, good in 11 cases, and fair in 3 cases. The combined excellent and good rate was 93.75%. Postoperative CT and MRI showed that the compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots was completely relieved.

Conclusion

Endoscopic decompression of posterior cervical vertebral disorders is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive surgical procedure with rapid recovery times. This procedure warrants additional research and clinical application.
Comparison between minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and open reduction-internal fixation for proximal humeral fractures: a meta-analysis based on 1050 individuals
Authors: Li Feilong , Liu Xuqiang , Wang Fuqiang , Gu Zhiping , Tao Qianyuan , Yao Cong , Luo Xuwen , Nie Tao
Published: November 2019

Background

This meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and complications of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and open reduction–internal fixation (ORIF) in patients with proximal humeral fractures.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library to identify all relevant studies from inception to April 2019. Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manage 5.3 was used for meta-analysis.

Results

Sixteen studies involving 1050 patients (464 patients in the MIPO group and 586 patients in the ORIF group) were finally included. According to the meta-analysis, MIPO was superior to ORIF in operation time, blood loss, postoperative pain, fracture union time, and constant score. However, MIPO was associated with more exposure to radiation and axillary nerve injury. No significant differences were found in length of hospital stays and complication except for axillary nerve injury.

Conclusion

The present evidence indicates that compared to ORIF, MIPO had advantages in functional outcomes, operation time, blood loss, postoperative pain, and fracture union time for the treatment of PHFs. However, the MIPO technique had a higher rate of axillary nerve injury and longer radiation time compared to ORIF.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis impairs embryo implantation by compromising endometrial morphology and receptivity markers in euthyroid mice
Authors: Wu Zhangbi , Cai Yaojun , Xia Qin , Liu Tiantian , Yang Hao , Wang Fen , Wang Nan , Yu Zhen , Yin Chunying , Wang Qunan , Zhu Defa
Published: November 2019

Background

Although thyroid dysfunction caused by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is believed to be related to implantation failure due to the underdevelopment of the receptive uterus, it is unknown whether HT itself, even in the euthyroid state, impairs embryo implantation associated with endometrial receptivity defects. To address whether HT itself can affect endometrial receptivity accompanied by implantation alterations, a euthyroid HT model was established in mice.

Methods

Female NOD mice were immunized twice with thyroglobulin and adjuvant to induce the experimental HT model. Four weeks after the second treatment, the mice were normally mated, and pregnant ones were sacrificed in implantation window for thyroid-related parameter and steroid hormones measurements by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and implantation site number calculation by uptake of Chicago Blue dye. In addition, certain morphological features of endometrial receptivity were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy, and the expression of other receptivity markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR or Western Blot.

Results

HT mice displayed intrathyroidal monocyte infiltration and elevated serum thyroid autoantibody levels without thyroid dysfunction, defined as euthyroid HT in humans. Euthyroid HT resulted in implantation failure, fewer pinopodes, retarded pinopode maturation, and inhibited expression of receptivity markers: estrogen receptor α (ERα), integrin β3, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Interestingly, despite this compromised endometrial receptivity response, no statistical differences in serum estradiol or progesterone level between groups were found.

Conclusions

These findings are the first to indicate that HT induces a nonreceptive endometrial milieu in the euthyroid state, which may underlie the detrimental effects of HT itself on embryo implantation.
Summary of the International Patient Safety Conference, June 28—29, 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Deepak C. , Karki Kshitij , Lama Chhiring Yangjen , Joshi Rajesh Dhoj , Rai Shankar Man , Jayaram Sudhakar , Tomer Amit , Zervos John , Khan Mohammad Imran , Sapkota Arjun , Upadhyaya Madan Kumar , Kilgore Paul E.
Published: November 2019

Globally, medical errors are associated with an estimated $42 billion in costs to healthcare systems. A variety of errors in the delivery of healthcare have been identified by the World Health Organization and it is believed that about 50% of all errors are preventable. Initiatives to improve patient safety are now garnering increased attention across a range of countries in all regions of the world. From June 28--29, 2019, the first International Patient Safety Conference (IPSC) was held in Kathmandu, Nepal and attended by over 200 healthcare professionals as well as hospital, government, and non-governmental organization leaders. During the conference, presentations describing the experience with errors in healthcare and solutions to minimize future occurrence of adverse events were presented. Examples of systems implemented to prevent future errors in patient care were also described. A key outcome of this conference was the initiation of conversations and communication among important stakeholders for patient safety. In addition, attendees and dignitaries in attendance all reaffirmed their commitment to furthering actions in hospitals and other healthcare facilities that focus on reducing the risk of harm to patients who receive care in the Nepali healthcare system. This conference provides an important springboard for the development of patient-centered strategies to improve patient safety across a range of patient care environments in public and private sector healthcare institutions.
Evaluation of an alpha-cypermethrin + PBO mixture long-lasting insecticidal net VEERALIN® LN against pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s.: an experimental hut trial in M’bé, central Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Oumbouke Welbeck A. , Rowland Mark , Koffi Alphonsine A. , Alou Ludovic P. A. , Camara Soromane , N’Guessan Raphael
Published: November 2019

Background

Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the primary method of malaria prevention. However, the widespread resistance to pyrethroids among major malaria vector species represents a significant threat to the continued efficacy of pyrethroid LLIN. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a synergist that inhibits the activity of metabolic enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family known to detoxify insecticides including pyrethroids. Synergist LLIN incorporating PBO and a pyrethroid may provide improved control compared to pyrethroid-only LLIN.

Methods

The efficacy of VEERALIN® LN (VKA polymers Pvt Ltd, India), an alpha-cypermethrin PBO synergist net was evaluated in experimental huts in M’bé, central Côte d’Ivoire against wild pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. Comparison was made with a standard alpha-cypermethrin-treated net (MAGNet® LN, VKA polymers Pvt Ltd, India). Nets were tested unwashed and after 20 standardized washes.

Results

VEERALIN® LN demonstrated improved efficacy compared to MAGNet® LN against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.s. Before washing, VEERALIN® LN produced mortality of An. gambiae s.s. (51%) significantly higher than the standard pyrethroid-only net (29%) (P < 0.0001). Although there was a significant reduction in mortality with both LLINs after 20 washes, VEERALIN® LN remained superior in efficacy to MAGNet® LN (38 vs 17%) (P < 0.0001). Blood-feeding was significantly inhibited with both types of insecticide-treated nets relative to the untreated control net (P < 0.0001). Unwashed VEERALIN® LN induced significantly higher blood-feeding inhibition of An. gambiae s.s. (62.6%) compared to MAGNet® LN (35.4%) (P < 0.001). The difference persisted after washing, as there was no indication that either LLIN lost protection against biting or blood-feeding. The level of personal protection derived from the use of VEERALIN® LN was high (87%) compared to MAGNet® LN (66–69%) whether unwashed or washed. The AI content of VEERALIN® LN after 20 washes decreased from 6.75 to 6.03 g/kg for alpha-cypermethrin and from 2.95 to 2.64 g/kg for PBO, corresponding to an overall retention of 89% for each compound.

Conclusions

The addition of the synergist PBO to pyrethroid net greatly improved protection and control of pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.s. The pyrethroid-PBO VEERALIN® LN has the potential to reduce transmission in areas compromised by pyrethroid resistance.
Some new fractional integral inequalities for exponentially m-convex functions via extended generalized Mittag-Leffler function
Authors: Rashid Saima , Safdar Farhat , Akdemir Ahmet Ocak , Noor Muhammad Aslam , Noor Khalida Inayat
Published: November 2019

In the article, we establish some new general fractional integral inequalities for exponentially m-convex functions involving an extended Mittag-Leffler function, provide several kinds of fractional integral operator inequalities and give certain special cases for our obtained results.
Social network analysis in Telecom data
Authors: Al-Molhem Nour Raeef , Rahal Yasser , Dakkak Mustapha
Published: November 2019

Many systems can be represented as networks or graph collections of nodes joined by edges. The social structures in these networks can be investigated using graph theory through a process called social network analysis (SNA). In this paper, networks and SNA concepts were applied using Telecom data such as call detail records (CDRs) and customers data to model our social network and to construct a weighed graph in which each relation carries a different weight, representing how close two subscribers are to each other. In addition, SNA is used to explore the Telecom network and calculate the centrality measures, which help determine the node importance in the network. Depending on centrality measures as well as influence capability of node measure, the influencers in network were detected and targeted by marketing campaigns resulting in 30% raise in growth rate of mobile traffic compared with traditional ways. Finding Multi-SIM subscribers within the same operator or across different operators presents another important concern to Telecom companies because it allows to improve campaigns and churn prediction models. Social network similarity measures and social behavioral measures between nodes were calculated in the Telecom network to detect these Multi-SIM subscribes and 85% accuracy result was achieved for subscribes from different operators and 92% for subscribes from the same operator. The paper is based on a real dataset of 3 months CDRs and customer data provided by a local Telecom operator. This dataset is used to build a network with more than 16 million nodes and more than 300 million edges on a big data platform.
Real-time high-resolution video stabilization using high-frame-rate jitter sensing
Authors: Raut Sushil , Shimasaki Kohei , Singh Sanjay , Takaki Takeshi , Ishii Idaku
Published: November 2019

In this study, the novel approach of real-time video stabilization system using a high-frame-rate (HFR) jitter sensing device is demonstrated to realize the computationally efficient technique of digital video stabilization for high-resolution image sequences. This system consists of a high-speed camera to extract and track feature points in gray-level $$512\times 496$$512×496 image sequences at 1000 fps and a high-resolution CMOS camera to capture $$2048\times 2048$$2048×2048 image sequences considering their hybridization to achieve real-time stabilization. The high-speed camera functions as a real-time HFR jitter sensing device to measure an apparent jitter movement of the system by considering two ways of computational acceleration; (1) feature point extraction with a parallel processing circuit module of the Harris corner detection and (2) corresponding hundreds of feature points at the current frame to those in the neighbor ranges at the previous frame on the assumption of small frame-to-frame displacement in high-speed vision. The proposed hybrid-camera system can digitally stabilize the $$2048\times 2048$$2048×2048 images captured with the high-resolution CMOS camera by compensating the sensed jitter-displacement in real time for displaying to human eyes on a computer display. The experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of hybrid-camera-based digital video stabilization such as (a) verification when the hybrid-camera system in the pan direction in front of a checkered pattern, (b) stabilization in video shooting a photographic pattern when the system moved with a mixed-displacement motion of jitter and constant low-velocity in the pan direction, and (c) stabilization in video shooting a real-world outdoor scene when an operator holding hand-held hybrid-camera module while walking on the stairs.
Growth kinetics and pathogenicity of Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii SL0708
Authors: Orozco-Hidalgo María Teresa , Quevedo-Hidalgo Balkys , Sáenz-Aponte A.
Published: November 2019

Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii SL0708 (Enterobacteriaceae) is a symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Heterorhabditis indica SL0708 (Nematoda: Rhabditida), used for insect pest biological control. In the present study, P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii SL0708 growth kinetic was evaluated considering growth and metabolic phases (phase I, intermediate phase, phase II), as well as pathogenicity. The study can be useful in determining bacterium feeding times in H. indica SL0708 production in liquid culture media. The logarithmic phase of the growth of bacterium was from 0 to 24 h, with a specific growth velocity of 0.21 h−1; during this phase, bacterium at metabolic phase I was detected. Maximum bioluminescence was registered at 24 h (3.437 luminescence AU). Finally, it was evidenced that the bacterial metabolic phase had an effect on the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L., larvae mortality rate. Moreover, biochemical tests were the same for all P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii SL0708 sampling times. This research is particularly relevant, since no reports are available on this bacterium isolate in Colombia. In the future, this will allow massive H. indica SL0708 production, because when pre-incubated with its symbiont, it provides essential nutrients for the EPNs development and reproduction.
Next-generation fluorescent nucleic acids probes for microscopic analysis of intracellular nucleic acids
Authors: Okamoto Akimitsu
Published: November 2019

Fluorescence imaging of nucleic acids is a very important technique necessary to understand gene expression and the resulting changes in cell function. This mini-review focuses on sequence-specific fluorescence imaging of intracellular RNA and methylated DNA using fluorescent nucleic acid probes. A couple of functional fluorescent nucleic acid probes developed by our laboratory are introduced and the examples of their application to fluorescence imaging of intracellular nucleic acids are described.
Supratubal recess and sinus tympani: CT analysis of middle ear hidden areas
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Eldib Diaa Bakry , Elmalt Ashraf , Khazbak Alaa Omar
Published: November 2019

Background

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) magnifies the role of preoperative imaging for detailed middle ear anatomy particularly its hidden area. The purpose of the current study was to assess the sinus tympani (ST) and supratubal recess (STR) by HRCT, to create CT classification of the STR depth, and to study the relationship between ST types and the new STR grades.

Results

In HRCT of non-pathological temporal bones of 100 subjects (200 ears), measurements of the STR and ST were calculated, registered, and analyzed. The depth of the STR was classified into grade 1 with depth less than 3 mm, grade 2 with depth ranged between 3 and 5 mm, and grade 3 with depth more than 5 mm. The mean STR length, width, and height were 4.17 ± 0.86, 3.55 ± 0.65, and 3.64 ± 0.7 mm, respectively, while the ST mean length and width of were 2.52 ± 0.5 and 1.82 ± 0.78 mm, respectively, without significant differences between either sexes or sided. The ST types were found to be type A in 56 ears (28%), type B in 142 ears (71%), and type C in 2 ears (1%). The STR grading was grade 1 in 12 ears (6%), grade 2 in 160 ears (80%), and grade 3 in 28 ears (14%) without significant relationship between ST types and STR grading (P = 0.3).

Conclusion

The current study provided reliable and applicable methods of CT assessment of STR and ST that can help to predict the degree of surgical visibility of the ST and STR during ear surgery.
Dynamic Pituitary–Adrenal Interactions in the Critically Ill after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Gibbison Ben , Keenan Daniel M , Roelfsema Ferdinand , Evans Jon , Phillips Kirsty , Rogers Chris A , Angelini Gianni D , Lightman Stafford L
Published: November 2019

Context

Patients with critical illness are thought to be at risk of adrenal insufficiency. There are no models of dynamic hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function in this group of patients and thus current methods of diagnosis are based on aggregated, static models.

Objective

To characterize the secretory dynamics of the HPA axis in the critically ill (CI) after cardiac surgery.

Design

Mathematical modeling of cohorts.

Setting

Cardiac critical care unit.

Patients

20 male patients CI at least 48 hours after cardiac surgery and 19 healthy (H) male volunteers.

Interventions

None.

Main Outcome Measures

Measures of hormone secretory dynamics were generated from serum adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) sampled every hour and total cortisol every 10 min for 24 h.

Results

All CI patients had pulsatile ACTH and cortisol profiles. CI patients had similar ACTH secretion (1036.4 [737.6] pg/mL/24 h) compared to the H volunteers (1502.3 [1152.2] pg/mL/24 h; P = .20), but increased cortisol secretion (CI: 14 447.0 [5709.3] vs H: 5915.5 [1686.7)] nmol/L/24 h; P < .0001). This increase in cortisol was due to nonpulsatile (CI: 9253.4 [3348.8] vs H: 960 [589.0] nmol/L/24 h, P < .0001), rather than pulsatile cortisol secretion (CI: 5193.1 [3018.5] vs H: 4955.1 [1753.6] nmol/L/24 h; P = .43). Seven (35%) of the 20 CI patients had cortisol pulse nadirs below the current international guideline threshold for critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency, but an overall secretion that would not be considered deficient.

Conclusions

This study supports the premise that current tests of HPA axis function are unhelpful in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in the CI. The reduced ACTH and increase in nonpulsatile cortisol secretion imply that the secretion of cortisol is driven by factors outside the HPA axis in critical illness.