bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSPORT OF HELIUM PICKUP IONS WITHIN THE FOCUSING CONE: RECONCILING STEREO OBSERVATIONS WITH IBEX
Authors: Quinn P. R. , Schwadron N. A. , Möbius E.
Published: June 2016

Recent observations of the pickup helium focusing cone by STEREO/Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition indicate an inflow longitude of the interstellar wind that differs from the observations of IBEX by

. It has been under debate whether the transport of helium pickup ions with an anisotropic velocity distribution is the cause of this difference. If so, the roughly field-aligned pickup ion streaming relative to the solar wind should create a shift in the pickup ion density relative to the focusing cone. A large pickup ion streaming depends on the size of the mean free path. Therefore, the observed longitudinal shift in the pickup ion density relative to the neutral focusing cone may carry fundamental information about the mean free path experienced by pickup ions inside 1 au. We test this hypothesis using the Energetic Particle Radiation Environment Module (EPREM) model by simulating the transport of helium pickup ions within the focusing cone finding a mean free path of

au. We calculate the average azimuthal velocity of pickup ions and find that the anisotropic distribution reaches ∼8% of the solar wind speed. Lastly, we isolate transport effects within EPREM, finding that pitch-angle scattering, adiabatic focusing, perpendicular diffusion, and particle drift contribute to shifting the focusing cone 20.00%, 69.43%, 10.56%, and

, respectively. Thus we show with the EPREM model that the transport of pickup ions does indeed shift the peak of the focusing cone relative to the progenitor neutral atoms and this shift provides fundamental information on the scattering of pickup ions inside 1 au.
CAN THE SUBSONIC ACCRETION MODEL EXPLAIN THE SPIN PERIOD DISTRIBUTION OF WIND-FED X-RAY PULSARS?
Authors: Li Tao , Shao Yong , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: June 2016

Neutron stars in high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) generally accrete from the wind matter of their massive companion stars. Recently, Shakura et al. suggested a subsonic accretion model for low-luminosity (<4 × 1036 erg s−1), wind-fed X-ray pulsars. To test the feasibility of this model, we investigate the spin period distribution of wind-fed X-ray pulsars with a supergiant companion star, using a population synthesis method. We find that the modeled distribution of supergiant HMXBs in the spin period–orbital period diagram is consistent with observations, provided that the winds from the donor stars have relatively low terminal velocities (≲1000 km s−1). The measured wind velocities in several supergiant HMXBs seem to favor this viewpoint. The predicted number ratio of wind-fed X-ray pulsars with persistent X-ray luminosities that are higher and lower than 4 × 1036 erg s−1 is about 1:10.
COLD DARK MATTER SUBSTRUCTURES IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXY HALOS
Authors: Fiacconi Davide , Madau Piero , Potter Doug , Stadel Joachim
Published: June 2016

We present initial results from the “Ponos” zoom-in numerical simulations of dark matter substructures in massive ellipticals. Two very highly resolved dark matter halos with M
vir = 1.2 × 1013

and M
vir = 6.5 × 1012

and different (“violent” versus “quiescent”) assembly histories have been simulated down to z = 0 in a ΛCDM cosmology with a total of 921,651,914 and 408,377,544 particles, respectively. Within the virial radius, the total mass fraction in self-bound M
sub > 106

subhalos at the present epoch is 15% for the violent host and 16.5% for the quiescent one. At z = 0.7, these fractions increase to 19% and 33%, respectively, as more recently accreted satellites are less prone to tidal destruction. In projection, the average fraction of surface mass density in substructure at a distance of R/R
vir = 0.02 (∼5–10 kpc) from the two halo centers ranges from 0.6% to ≳2%, significantly higher than that measured in simulations of Milky Way-sized halos. The contribution of subhalos with M
sub < 109

to the projected mass fraction is between one-fifth and one-third of the total, with the smallest share found in the quiescent host. We assess the impact of baryonic effects via twin, lower-resolution hydrodynamical simulations that include metallicity-dependent gas cooling, star formation, and a delayed-radiative-cooling scheme for supernova feedback. Baryonic contraction produces a super-isothermal total density profile and increases the number of massive subhalos in the inner regions of the main host. The host density profiles and projected subhalo mass fractions appear to be broadly consistent with observations of gravitational lenses.
THE INTRAGROUP VERSUS THE INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM
Authors: Cavaliere A. , Fusco-Femiano R. , Lapi A.
Published: June 2016

Galaxy groups differ from clusters primarily by way of their lower masses, M ∼ 1014
M
⊙ versus M ∼ 1015
M
⊙. We discuss how mass affects the thermal state of the intracluster or the intragroup medium, specifically as to their entropy levels and radial profiles. We show that entropy is produced in both cases by the continuing inflow of intergalactic gas across the system boundary into the gravitational potential well. The inflow is highly supersonic in clusters, but weakly so in groups. The former condition implies strong accretion shocks with substantial conversion of a large bulk kinetic into thermal energy, whereas the latter condition implies less effective conversion of lower energies. These features produce a conspicuous difference in entropy deposition at the current boundary. Thereafter, adiabatic compression of the hot gas into the potential well converts such time histories into radial profiles throughout a cluster or a group. In addition, in both cases, a location of the system at low z in the accelerating universe or in a poor environment will starve out the inflow and the entropy production and produce flattening or even bending down of the outer profile. We analyze, in detail, the sharp evidence provided by the two groups ESO 3060170 and RXJ1159+5531 that have been recently observed in X-rays out to their virial radii and find a close and detailed match with our expectations.
La centralisation est-elle la bonne solution ? Le cas des réformes dans la politique de sécurité intérieure en Suisse à la lumière des services de police de proximité
Authors: Jacot-Descombes Caroline , Niklaus Julien
Published: June 2016

C’est sous l’angle de la répartition des tâches entre les cantons et les communes en Suisse que nous allons tenter d’analyser la tendance qu’ont les réformes en matière de sécurité à concentrer les institutions policières au niveau cantonal et à éliminer la police locale en vue d’améliorer l’efficience. À mesure que l’on évolue vers la centralisation dans le cadre de divers consensus, les villes revendiquent leurs particularités et parviennent à conserver leur police locale. L’analyse porte sur deux réformes cantonales en se basant sur des données qualitatives. Les résultats indiquent que les changements institutionnels ont débouché sur trois grands dispositifs à la suite des réformes : centralisation de la police (les communes achètent les services de la police cantonale), régionalisation (plusieurs communes exercent leurs activités policières ensemble) et décentralisation (la ville conserve sa police locale). En ce qui concerne la question de savoir quels modèles produisent les meilleurs résultats, une évaluation de la perception des acteurs (citoyens et police) indique que le travail de la police et le sentiment de sécurité se sont améliorés dans le système décentralisé. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les questions politiques sont au centre des réformes qui visent une nouvelle répartition des compétences entre les niveaux de pouvoirs publics dans le secteur de la sécurité en Suisse. Elles peuvent avoir une grande influence sur les nouveaux dispositifs introduits par les réformes. Même si les décideurs cantonaux ont de solides arguments en faveur de la centralisation des tâches, les communes ont une influence plus grande. Cela se traduit par un fédéralisme asymétrique, dans lequel les villes peuvent conserver leur police et les communes sont tenues d’acheter les services de police cantonaux. L’option décentralisée étant plus appréciée par les citoyens comme par la police, les réformes en faveur de la centralisation sont difficiles à mettre en œuvre lorsqu’il existe une tradition de police locale.
Status clarification and disposal of Carrière’s ivy names
Authors: Severiano Nava Herminio , Cires Eduardo , Fernández Prieto José Antonio
Published: June 2016

Carrière in 1890 published 34 names and 33 descriptions of a collection of live ivy plants. In this article we present the analysis of his work from a nomenclatural perspective. As a result, the legitimacy and even the validity of specific and some of the infraspecific names published in the work are questioned. In addition to this, and considering the benefits on keeping the nomenclatural stability, Hedera azorica Carrière, is proposed as a nomen conservandum.
Los terremotos antiguos del conjunto arqueológico romano de Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, Sur de España): Quince años de investigación arqueosismológica
Authors: Silva P. G. , Giner-Robles J. L. , Reicherter K. , Rodríguez-Pascua M. A. , Grützner C. , García Jiménez I. , Carrasco García P. , Bardají T. , Santos G. , Roquero E. , Röth J. , Perucha M. A. , Pérez-López R. , Fernández Macarro B. , Martínez-Graña A. , Goy J. L. , Zazo C.
Published: June 2016

El presente trabajo ilustra el estado del conocimiento sobre arqueosismología en la antigua ciudad romana de Baelo Claudia (Tarifa, Cádiz) tras casi quince años de investigaciones. Esta antigua ciudad romana se vio afectada por dos importantes terremotos en los años 40–60 AD y 260–290 AD. El primero de ellos afectó en mayor grado a la parte baja (costera) de la ciudad provocando importantes cambios urbanísticos y arquitectónicos (monumentalización) en respuesta a las labores de reconstrucción. El segundo de ellos provocó una mayor destrucción, cuya ruina progresiva desembocó en el abandono definitivo de la ciudad en el 365–390 AD. Se catalogan, cartografían y describen la mayor parte de los Efectos Arqueológicos de los Terremotos (EAEs) del sector monumental de la ciudad, que testifican los efectos producidos por el terremoto ocurrido en el 260–90 AD. La cartografía de daños (EAEs) muestra la distribución y orientación de los daños en la zona baja de la ciudad, así como la ocurrencia de otros procesos cosísmicos, como deslizamientos y pequeños tsunamis. El análisis estructural del conjunto de daños orientados indica que la dirección de movimiento del terreno se produjo en una dirección dominante del SO al NE.
Los análisis geoarqueológicos, así como importantes anomalías constructivas y funerarias, sugieren la intervención de tsunamis de escaso poder de penetración durante los dos terremotos, apuntando a la existencia de una fuente sísmica submarina común al SSO de la ciudad. Se han identificado diferentes fallas normales de dirección N-S en la zona de la Bahía de Bolonia, algunas de las cuales se prolongan hacia el interior del mar en la zona SSO de Baelo Claudia. Estas fallas presentan claras evidencias de actividad Cuaternaria y podrían considerarse como las fuentes sísmicas más probables para los dos antiguos terremotos que afectaron a la ciudad en época romana.
Photographic record of the tsunami impacts on western Haida Gwaii following the Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake on October 28, 2012
Authors: Bednarski J M , Leonard L J
Published: June 2016

The Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake on October 28th, 2012 (October 27th local time) was caused by northeast thrusting of the Pacific plate beneath Haida Gwaii, along a fault off the west coast of Moresby Island, British Columbia. This was the largest thrust
earthquake and the second largest earthquake ever recorded in Canada. Given the extent of sea floor displacement, tsunami waves in excess of 3 m were expected along the coast of Haida Gwaii, but because the west coast of Haida Gwaii is largely unpopulated, there were no witnesses to the tsunami. The
GSC undertook three coastal surveys in the weeks and months that followed the earthquake and measured evidence of tsunami waves in excess of 3 m, and largely exceeding 5 m in some inlets and bays, along ~230 km of coastline of Haida Gwaii. This report summarizes the field measurements and
provides a photographic catalogue of the evidence surveyed.
Michel Serres’ multidisciplinary philosophy of information and knowledge
Authors: De Beer Fanie
Published: June 2016

This paper is a tribute to the formidable multidisciplinary philosophy of information of the French philosopher, Michel Serres. His approach is to an extent based on his statement: “Let us nevertheless try to see on a grand scale, to enjoy a multiple, and by times connective, intellection”. His main focus is on the notion of intellection which can be related to human spirituality, perception, understanding and comprehension. This human quality is urgently required if we want to reflect on knowledge as a multiple phenomenon. His view of knowledge differs in a substantial way from currently held views on knowledge and information and hence his plea: Let the new knowledge come. The human quality of intellection is equally important when it is realised that the phenomenon of knowledge in its multiplicity can only be properly grasped when viewed from the perspective of the extensive transdisciplinary connectiveness between knowledges, which creates room for what can significantly be called the world-mapping of knowledge and which strongly suggests the spatial character of knowledge and information. Thanks to the quality and capacity of intellection it becomes possible to demonstrate certain deeply theoretical and immensely practical issues in the embracement of the idea of a new conception of knowledge.
The significance of citation impact indicators of research performance in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bakuwa Japhet
Published: June 2016

This paper argues that Sub-Saharan Africa needs to produce more journals indexed by ISI Web of Science (WoS). Researchers from the region should also publish in other ISI indexed, reputable and high impact journals such as Nature and Science. Inevitably, this will make Sub-Saharan African researchers visible and globally competitive. The Sub- Saharan African region has only about 40 journals out of over 12 000 journals that have been indexed by the ISI Web of Science (WoS). Arguably, ranking of universities across the globe and qualification for Nobel Prizes are determined by metrics-based evaluation of research performance. Sub-Saharan Africa is poorly represented on the world university rankings. The region has also produced only six Nobel Prize award winners from 1901 to 2010. In the same period, USA, UK and Germany produced 326, 116 and 102 recipients respectively. While there are some limitations on the use of citation indicators to evaluate research output, this researcher argues that citation impact indicators of research performance provide policymakers, researchers and funding agencies with an objective measure for assessing research performance and therefore are of great significance in the developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa.
A series of unfortunate events: how the battle to save an urban wetland was both won and lost
Authors: Govender-Ragubeer Yageshni , Meeuwis June , McKay Tracey Morton
Published: June 2016

Many urban wetlands in South Africa are either lost or degraded in the name of development. Of those remaining, most are less than pristine, even canalised, dredged, drained or filled. This is partly because urban wetlands are often found in strategic locations, and, as such are considered prime development land. A typical example is that of the Libradene Wetland, in Boksburg, Gauteng, which was partially destroyed by an attempt to construct a petrol station on it. This study explores how and why the fate of this particular wetland was sealed. The study explored the roles of the developer, the professionals in the paid services of the developer and various government officials. Although construction in the wetland eventually ceased, no one has been brought to book and no rehabilitation has taken place. The study concluded that although South African wetlands are well protected by legislation [the National Environmental Management Act (107 of 1998); the Environmental Conservation Act (73 of 1989) and the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act (43 of 1983)] the assumption is that developers will comply. If they don’t, then enforcement is difficult. In this case enforcement was slow, during which time the developer continued building and the result was significant degradation. The study makes a number of recommendations: (i) the fragmented administration of environmental legislation pertaining to wetlands should be consolidated under one government department; (ii) relationships between the respective authorities at all government levels needs strengthening; (iii) public participation processes need to be more robust and (iv) the national wetlands database needs to be used more effectively.
Diaphragmatic-intercostal breathing and the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in singers
Authors: Du Plessis Beverley , Viljoen Santisa , Bester Petra
Published: June 2016

This article was inspired by our awareness of an increasing number of voice students and professional singers who specialize in Western art music and who present with symptoms relating to gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). In our attempts to understand this phenomenon, we began questioning the relationship between diaphragmatic-intercostal breathing (DIB) and the occurrence of GERD. This study uses two of the methods by which qualitative research can be done, namely literature reviews and case studies. The results of the literature review show that the way in which the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) functions during DIB has direct bearing on the possible movement of gastric acids via the esophagus into the pharynx and the larynx. Acknowledging the fact that we are not medical experts, we then used the data from the case studies to suggest how singers might adjust their life styles in order to restrict or prevent occurrences of GERD.
The sweet peace of perfect assurance: On well-being in the hymns texts of Fanny Crosby
Authors: Kruger Daleen
Published: June 2016

Well-being is often described as a state of happiness or satisfaction with life, but it is so much more. The influence of religious involvement on a positive sense of well-being of the individual has been well documented. One aspect of religious involvement comprises the singing of hymns. Through the texts and the power of music, the well-being of the singer/believer can be positively influenced. Fanny Crosby (1820- 1915) wrote more than 8 000 hymn texts on various aspects of religious life such as assurance, salvation, redemption, worship and witness. Many of the hymns deal with the difficulties of everyday life, which is juxtaposed to the better life in the world to come. This paper is concerned with the portrayal of aspects of assurance in some of Fanny Crosby’s hymns texts. It is also shown how her hymns touch on aspects of well-being in the way that they stress the importance of having meaning in life and point towards the fact that the believer’s life can be worthwhile.
Ubuomba: Negotiating indigenisation of liturgical music in the Catholic Church in Zambia
Authors: Lumbwe Kapambwe
Published: June 2016

In the early 1950s the Vatican accepted the translation of Catholic hymnals into local Zambian languages and the incorporation of indigenous musical instruments into the liturgical music. This development inspired a group of priests and seminarians, led by Father Charles Rijthoven from Ilondola mission in Northern Zambia. Because of its geographical location, a Bemba indigenous musical style derived from ingomba (royal musicians) was adopted and is now commonly referred to as ubuomba (lit. being a royal musician). The word ingomba is derived from the word omba (to clap) as in omba amakuku (to produce low-toned claps by means of capped palms), a characteristic which forms the core of rhythmic structure of the musical style. Besides hand clapping, ubuomba songs are usually accompanied by double-headed drums known as inshingili (hour-glass shaped drum). Over the years the ubuomba style has spread to other parts of the country and formed a Catholic liturgical music identity. This study tries, by way of ethnographic investigation, to outline the way in which the ubuomba musical style has been used to negotiate the indigenisation of liturgical music in the Catholic Church in Zambia.The focus of this study is on the origins and processes of development of the ubuomba musical style and how it relates to wellbeing within the Catholic Church; these developments are based on song text, instrumental accompaniment, dance and mime. The ‘contemporalisation’ and ‘commercialisation’ of the ubuomba musical style to incorporate Western musical instruments such as guitars, drum kits and synthesisers is examined with reference to internal and external musical influences.
Aspects of moral education in Bhaca mamtiseni and nkciyo initiation rituals
Authors: Makaula P. N. , Lumbwe K
Published: June 2016

Influences on cultural, social, economic and political life of the Bhaca as well as their Interaction with other cultures from within South Africa and other parts of the world have led to the erosion of older traditions and customs resulting in a replacement of values that have promoted immorality, crime and an increase in sexually transmitted diseases among others. Consequently, these forces have resulted in change in the structure of mamtiseni and nkciyo female initiation ceremonies, thereby influencing the musical arts embedded in them. This article examines the educational content of the songs and dances and the role these musical arts play within mamtiseni and nkciyo celebrations expressed by the Bhaca of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The article reveals that despite the influences on mamtiseni and nkciyo female initiation ceremonies it is evident that certain elements have continued to a large extent as they used to be in the pre-colonial times, while others have undergone change to suit the current lifestyle of the people in South Africa. The songs have undergone changes especially in their texts, which have shifted focus from menstruation and marriage to include topical issues of a social nature and wellbeing, and as such the repertoire reduced.
The power of musical sound and its implications for primary education in South Africa: An experiential discussion
Authors: Auerbach Christina , Delport Alette
Published: June 2016

In this article, the power of musical sound and its transformative effects on human beings are explored, as perceived since ancient times and discussed in recent literature. An evolving research project is then reviewed, with a group of primary school children from disadvantaged backgrounds with no prior formal musical training.In essence, the aim of the study in progress is to determine how musical sound can be used to facilitate mindfulness, develop wholeness and facilitate the holistic growth of young South African learners, especially those from deprived backgrounds.Initial findings suggest that when musical sound experiences are included in everyday education of young learners, there are moments of joy, spontaneity, a sense of unity and well-being. The listening capacity of the children in the group has refined and performance levels at school have improved.
Skills training through hands-on practical activities in civil technology – a case study of three technical schools in South Africa
Authors: Maeko Mogale , Makgato Moses
Published: June 2016

Skills training for Civil Technology learners in South African schools, is an aspect entrenched in the Civil Technology policy document in order to produce skilled personnel for a sustainable economy. Practical activities through the Practical Assessment Task (PAT) are national requirements for all practical-based subjects from grades 10–12 in South African schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of Civil Technology practical activities in three South African schools in the Eastern Cape Province. Purposive sampling was used to identify 41 learners and 3 teachers to participate in the study. Questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observation as data collection methods were instruments used to collect data. The study has found that learners exit grade 12 without basic practical hands-on skills. Civil Technology practical activities were found to be inadequately offered in the three schools investigated. Educators should be well-trained by higher education institutions (HEIs) to conduct practical activities with learners so that these learners are equipped with marketable skills in order to contribute to a sustainable economy after grade 12. Technology teacher education and training should include regular exposure and visits to relevant industries in order for teachers to keep abreast with the latest technological developments. The supply of equipment to schools should be coupled with routine maintenance of the equipment.
Underlying factors related to errors in financial mathematics due to incorrect or rigidity of thinking
Authors: Khalo Xolani , Bayaga Anass
Published: June 2016

The main aim of the study was (1) to identify the underlying factors related to errors due to incorrect association, and (2) to understand why learners continue to make such errors so that mechanisms to avoid such errors could be devised.The study was conducted by means of a case study guided by the positivists’paradigm where the research sample comprised of 105 Grade 10 Mathematics Literacy learners as respondents. Having used Polya’s problem-solving techniques, Threshold Concept and Newman’s Error Analysis as the theoretical frameworks for the study, a four-point Likert scale and a content-based structure-interview questionnaire were developed to address the research question. Four sets of structured-interview questionnaires were used for collecting data, aimed at addressing the main objective of the study. In order to test the reliability and consistency of the questionnaires for this study, Cronbach’s Alpha was tested for standardised items (α = 0.705).Once the data was collected, it was analysed through content and correlation analysis. Based on the frequency table which summarises learner responses, it could be ascertained that the majority (n =63, 60%) of learners admitted to sometimes confusing addition with multiplication. The relationship between learners forgetting to write units and learners writing down an incorrect number/figure revealed a significance where p = .04 (r = +.17) illustrated a weak correlation between the afore-stated variables.
Are we becoming gadgets? Social capital in the era of social networking
Authors: Ingle Mark K.
Published: June 2016

Social capital is partially predicated on the levels of trust obtaining between institutions and between members of society. As such it is a vital ingredient in the ‘glue’ which holds society together and which facilitates contractual economic activity. Recent technological advances, and the concomitant ascendancy of social networking, have radically reconfigured the environment in which social capital is generated, and the social sciences have some way to go fully to digest these new developments. This article surveys the meteoric rise of the ‘technium’ in the social imaginary and delineates some of the reservations current commentators have about the next ‘singularity’ to succeed the Internet. The discussion includes a brief account of the philosophy behind the objectification of the human. It also speculates about the consequences of paradigm shifts in modes of relating for the formation of social capital in the future.
Identifying knowledge management processes and practices used for decision-making and knowledge sharing in the modern San community
Authors: Sewdass Nisha
Published: June 2016

First People, such as the San community of Platfontein, are the holders of rich and complex knowledge systems that are very important for dispute resolution and decision- making. In order to ensure that these knowledge systems are maintained and sustained for future generations to benefit from, it is important to introduce and implement new approaches that can help to make intergenerational transmission of this valuable knowledge possible for the younger generation of San. While this community possesses a vast amount of unique knowledge, skills and competencies, these are at risk as the older generation of the San is ageing and passing on with very little of their knowledge and skills ever being transmitted to younger generations or documented and preserved for future generations to consult. Furthermore, the new generation of the San, which is referred to the modern San, are becoming more Westernised and are slowly losing their traditional culture and values. Hence, this study focuses on Knowledge Management processes and practices that are used in the modern San community for decision-making and knowledge sharing.
On truth-telling and storytelling: Truth-seeking during research involving communities with an oral culture and a history of violent conflict
Authors: Vethuizen A G
Published: June 2016

The aim of this article is to propose some principles and practices for truth-seeking during research into violent conflict. To achieve this aim, an argument is deployed by analysing the theoretical concepts “truth”, “myth” and “oral culture” as sources of knowledge. This conceptual analysis precedes a discussion on community-based participatory research (CBPR) as a research methodology to access the knowledge of lived experiences embedded in the oral culture of the San community of Platfontein, near Kimberley, South Africa. It was found that CBPR contains good practices to use in research to judge the probable truth about disputes. The CBPR process is ideal for determining the accuracy of data in the context of a specific culture, considering the norms, spiritual influences and personal considerations of knowledge-holders that accompany a unique cosmology. A variety and equity of worldviews and perspectives of what happened during violent conflict successfully challenges hegemonic power relationships, paradigms and narratives, ultimately leading to informed judgements of what is probably true about a conflict. CBPR with the San of Platfontein revealed principles that can be used as guidelines for researching disputes where oral culture is involved.
The militarisation of the Platfontein San (!Xun and Khwe): The initial years 1966–1974
Authors: Van Wyk A S
Published: June 2016

The resettlement of 372 San (Bushmen) soldiers with dependents from 31/201 and 203 Battalions in Namibia to Schmidtsdrift in the Northern Cape during March 1990 was the last chapter in the process of militarisation of the !Xun and Khwe communities. However, there is a popular perception that the South African Defence Force (SADF) was primarily responsible for the militarisation of this particular San community, with the founding of 31 Battalion during 1974. This ignores the fact that the !Xun and Khwe originated in Angola, where they were actively involved with the Portuguese security forces. With one exception, only superficial mention is made in the literature about the role of the San soldiers in Angola before independence in November 1975. This article shows that the militarisation of the San actually started in 1966, when members of the !Xun were recruited by the Portuguese Security Police (PIDE) and successfully used against the Angolan liberation movements MPLA, FNLA and UNITA. The lifestyle of the San before the PIDE era is discussed, as is the period in which they were raised to a superior status as flecha fighters. This period of military prowess ended with the independence of Angola and resulted in the !Xun and Khwe seeking refuge with the SADF. These geo-political events led to the founding of 31 Battalion, situated in the Western Caprivi, where former flecha soldiers were retrained and incorporated into SADF structures. In closing, brief mention is made of the resettlement of the !Xun and Khwe to Schmidtsdrift in South Africa.
Dispute resolution mechanisms among the Afar People of Ethiopia and their contribution to the Development Process
Authors: Gebre-Egziabher Kinfe Abraha
Published: June 2016

Disputes are one of the major factors negatively affecting the development process of any nation. They divert resources that could otherwise be used productively; hence, there appears to be general agreement on their undesirability (Alexander 2005). Dispute- resolution practices and peace-building mechanisms remain problematic for most societies in the world including those in Africa, as most of them are trying to imitate Western modalities instead of using their own indigenous knowledge systems and skills. The dispute-resolution practices of the ancient Ethiopians in have been established for many thousands of years, and have been used to prevent loss of life and the destruction of property. This paper reveals that the dispute-resolution practices of the Afar people of Ethiopia significantly contributed to the development process. The article reveals that it is difficult to attain development without developing dispute resolution practices and it also shows that it is difficult, though not impossible, to resolve disputes without assuring development by eliminating poverty. Thus, it concludes that the ancient Aksumite, which was one of the first four great civilizations on earth, must have developed a unique type of dispute resolution practices that enabled Ethiopia of that time to be one of the leading countries in the globe during that time. No doubt every nation has its own indigenous dispute-resolution practices. It is thus possible to resolve disputes in by using indigenous knowledge systems, instead of using Western modalities. In this paper, the dispute-resolution practices of the Afar people of Ethiopia are discussed.
Digital storytelling as a tool for teaching: Perceptions of pre-service teachers
Authors: Tiba A. , Condy Janet , Chigona Agnes , Tunjera Nyarai
Published: June 2016

It has been shown that teachers are reluctant to use technology despite the South African (SA) government’s huge expenditure on technological equipment. This might be the result of teachers being unable to select appropriate technology that will yield positive learning outcomes as well as being ill-equipped to integrate technology into their pedagogy. To this end, pre-service teachers at a University were trained on how to integrate digital storytelling (DST) effectively into their teaching. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the potential benefits of DST for teaching and learning and to determine factors that may prevent pre-service teachers’ uptake of DST during in-service practice. This is a qualitative study in which fifty pre-service teachers were divided into five groups for focus group interviews. Data were analysed, and the results show that pre- service teachers perceived DST to be beneficial in the classroom as it has the potential to (i) motivate and engage learners, (ii) promote voice/self-expression, and (iii) promote collaborative learning and acquisition of multiple skills. Pre-service teachers are of the opinion that a lack of resources, self-confidence and time owing to restrictive curricula may prevent uptake of DST during in-service teaching. It was recommended that school stakeholders create a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic factors that will promote the adoption and integration of DST into teaching. Also, the education institution concerned strives to balance all three strands of knowledge: technology, pedagogy and content.
The role of metacognitive skills in solving object-oriented programming problems: a case study
Authors: Havenga Marietjie
Published: June 2016

This article reports on the role of metacognitive skills when solving object-oriented programming problems as part of a case study. The research was constructivist-based within an interpretivist approach to explore how four students constructed their own thinking when solving programming problems. A qualitative methodology was employed. Both concept-driven coding and data-driven coding were applied. Two main issues emerged from the findings. Participating students had fragmented knowledge of the object-oriented approach and shortcomings regarding the implementation thereof, and they experienced problems with metacognitive control during all the steps of program development. Based on the findings the use of metacognitive critical control points (MCCPs) is proposed to be used as a mechanism to facilitate students in their programming efforts and to prevent loss of control during program development.
“Die siel van die mier”: Reflections on the battle for ‘scholarly’ intelligence
Authors: Olivier Martin
Published: June 2016

This essay traces two research programmes in broad strokes. Both programmes start from the same observation — the behaviour of an ant (or termite) colony and the ability of the ant colony to act in a collective manner to achieve goals that the individual ant cannot. For one programme such behaviour is indicative of intelligence; for the other it is indicative of (collective) instinct. The primary intention of the essay is not to assess the claims of intelligence found, but to consider the rationale of the researchers involved in the two programmes for doing such research. It is observed that virtue in one programme is understanding (with the concomitant ability to explain — and, hence, teach), while the primary virtue in the other programme is the utility — and ultimately efficiency — that this may add to human problem solving skills. The two programmes used as illustration are Eugène Marais’s study of termites in the first half of the 20th century and the emergence of artificial intelligence projects that are inspired by ant behaviour in the second half of the 20th century. The essay suggests that the current emphasis of inquiry at tertiary education institutions embraces utility to the extent that it displaces pure insight — and hence the ability to explain and, ultimately, the ability to teach.
Activating whole brain® innovation: A means of nourishing multiple intelligence in higher education
Authors: De Boer Ann-Louise , Du Toit Pieter , Bothma Theo
Published: June 2016

The interconnectedness of the constructs ‘whole brain® thinking’ and ‘multiple intelligence’ forms the epicentre of this article. We depart from the premise that when whole brain® thinking is activated multiple intelligence can be nourished. When this becomes evident in a higher education practice it can be claimed that such a practice is innovative. Whole brain® thinking that informs intelligence and vice versa is inevitable when it comes to facilitating learning with a view to promoting quality learning in the context of higher education. If higher education is concerned about the expectations of industry and the world of work there is no other option as to prepare students in such a way that they develo as holistic – whole brained and intelligent – employers, employees and entrepreneurs who take responsibility for maximising their full potential. Becoming a self-regulated professional and being reflexive are some of the attributes of the 21st century which should be cultivated in all students. Research on whole brain® thinking and multiple intelligence shows that these human attributes form an integral part of one’s interaction with life – one’s environment and especially people as integral part of the environment. This focus on people highlights the need for developing soft skills within every curriculum. The epistemological underpinning of our reporting of experience in practice and research of the application of the principals of the constructs is meta- reflective in nature. Instead of a typical traditional stance to research we do not report on the numerous sets of data obtained over a period of more than 15 years. Our approach is that of a meta-reflective narrative as most of the studies we were involved in and still are, are reflective as it is most often than not action research-driven. And action research is a reflective process. We report on evidence-based practice that includes fields of specialisation such as health sciences, engineering, academic staff development, financial sciences, teacher education and higher education. Important aspects of any higher education practice, such as curriculum development, facilitating of learning and assessment are addressed. Practice-based evidence of each, where applicable, is offered as claims of innovation.
Water contestations in the Little Karoo: Liaisons between the Calitzdorp irrigation board and the Calitzdorp (Kannaland) Municipality, 1912- 2013
Authors: Visser Wessel
Published: June 2016

Although a good agricultural-yielding region when adequate rainfall is available the Little Karoo is plagued by regular, recurring and sometimes devastating droughts. In a rural town like Calitzdorp, where the same water resources are being shared by agricultural and domestic users, acute shortages over time have contributed to a history of water disputes and contestations between the Calitzdorp Irrigation Board (CIB) and the local municipality. The study focuses on the period between 1912, when the Calitzdorp Irrigation Board was established, and the beginning of the 21st century. Drought conditions and water shortages, also due to further municipal needs, were main determinants in relations between the CIB and the municipality between the 1950s and the early 1990s. Although this relationship had been abrasive at times up to 1994, issues regarding municipal water allocation and usage and payment of water tariffs had usually been settled in a practical way and to the mutual satisfaction of all stakeholders. The interests of the all-white CIB and town council were intertwined in a community whose existence depended on an agricultural economy supported predominantly by irrigation. However, when new district municipalities were created in 1998 the Calitzdorp Municipality was dissolved after 88 years and all executive and administrative municipal powers shifted to the neighbouring town of Ladismith. As a result of political instability, mismanagement and inefficient administration occurred. The new Kannaland Municipality not only demanded more water from the CIB, but also started paying its water bills in an erratic manner to the board. This situation led to the souring of relations between the two entities.
The meaning of sense of place: The community of Vredefort Dome and Parys, Free State
Authors: Erasmus T. , De Crom E. P.
Published: June 2016

The Vredefort Dome was declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2005. This status has led to an increase in tourism to the adjacent town of Parys and the Dome as well as an increase in developers that could change the character of the area. Therefore, the sense of place of the residents of, and tourists to the area requires consideration in order to find a balance when development takes place. Sense of place refers to the unique features that gives the area its character and the manner in which people relate to these features. This study investigated the participants’ understanding of sense of place of the area under study. The participants consisted of residents and tourists from Parys and the Dome. The non-probability sampling technique, amongst other, was used. The qualitative research method was utilised to gather data which was analysed through content analysis. Thereupon, themes were identified and interpreted. The connotation the participants attached to sense of place was categorised into three broad themes: affective, anthropogenic and the physical environment. The participants showed a special awareness towards protecting the character, nature and history of the area. Sense of place is rarely considered when development is considered. The findings of this study could be used as a guideline for developers in the area. A better understanding of the relationship between place and the attributes individuals assign to Parys and the Vredefort Dome World Heritage Site may help the stakeholders to acquire enhanced approaches to address, identify and engage the community (both residents and tourists) in conservation and future planning processes to ensure the well-being of all concerned.
The potential of mobile phones for increasing public participation in local government in South Africa
Authors: Thinyane Hannah , Siebörger Ingrid , Reynell Edward
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a critical discussion on the current use of technology and participation in local government. It discusses the rise in popularity of mobile devices, and how they have been used in ICT for development. The paper describes the results of a baseline study undertaken in a city within Makana Municipality in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, to empirically investigate how residents are currently using mobile phones and participating with local government around the area of service delivery. The findings illustrate the current state of mobile phone usage and capabilities, and the potential for using the mobile platform to increase participation in local government in South Africa. The paper also can be used to inform and guide project stakeholders on how best to implement m-participation strategies.
Digital storytelling as a tool for teaching: Perceptions of pre-service teachers
Authors: Tiba Chantyclaire A. , Condy Janet , Chigona Agnes , Tunjera Nyarai
Published: June 2016

It has been shown that teachers are reluctant to use technology despite the South African (SA) government’s huge expenditure on technological equipment. This might be the result of teachers being unable to select appropriate technology that will yield positive learning outcomes as well as being ill-equipped to integrate technology into their pedagogy. To this end, pre-service teachers at a University were trained on how to integrate digital storytelling (DST) effectively into their teaching. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the potential benefits of DST for teaching and learning and to determine factors that may prevent pre-service teachers’ uptake of DST during in-service practice. This is a qualitative study in which fifty pre-service teachers were divided into five groups for focus group interviews. Data were analysed, and the results show that pre- service teachers perceived DST to be beneficial in the classroom as it has the potential to (i) motivate and engage learners, (ii) promote voice/self-expression, and (iii) promote collaborative learning and acquisition of multiple skills. Pre-service teachers are of the opinion that a lack of resources, self-confidence and time owing to restrictive curricula may prevent uptake of DST during in-service teaching. It was recommended that school stakeholders create a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic factors that will promote the adoption and integration of DST into teaching. Also, the education institution concerned strives to balance all three strands of knowledge: technology, pedagogy and content.