bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of Voltage Measurements on DC Gearbox Motor and PWM Voltage Based On Arduino Uno
Authors: Ulum Miftachul , Laksono Deni Tri , Laksono Dedi Tri
Published: December 2021

In this research, a DC motor tested using the L298 motor driver which is controlled by Arduino as the motor speed regulator and using the PWM method as a speed control signal generator for the DC motor. This research has several stages, namely literature study, arduino-based dc motor design, Arduino-based dc motor production, Arduino-based dc motor testing, then analysis of research results and conclusions are drawn. Testing on this Arduino-bas, ed DC motor was done with several experiments, by adjust the motor speed by setting the pwm value in the program listing section then measuring the pwm output on pin 9 of the Arduino Uno board. Then measurements were made on the right and left side of the motor. This experiment was carried out by setting the pwm value from 15 to 255 to determine the difference in the increase in the PWM output voltage and determine the voltage on the motor and determine the condition of the DC motor. The test results show that the initial motor moves when the set value of PWM = 45, PWM voltage = 0.83 V, right motor voltage = 1.53 V, and left motor = 1.75 V.
Reproductive Behavior’s: Audiovisual detection of oestrus after synchronization using Prostaglandin F2 Alpha (PGF2α)
Authors: Nurcholis  , Sumaryanti Lilik
Published: December 2021

Artificial insemination program to increase production is affected by oestrus. Breeders generally identify cows in oestrus based on their behavior. Currently, oestrus can be predicted and scheduled due to PGF2α synchronization. This study aims to determine the detection of oestrus after PGF2α synchronization, and more specifically to distinguish audio-visual behavior. The six cows used were synchronized using PGF2α. Descriptive methods include (mean, standard deviation). Test. Chi-square was used for qualitative data comparison. The observed variables were the onset of oestrus and lust behavior (looking at the audiovisual characteristics, using video and the Audio Spectrum Monitor (ASM) application. The results showed that the response to oestrus appeared 30 hours after synchronization in 5 cows. The visual behavior that appears a lot is Mounting activity, Mucus Exit, Vulva Swelling, Restlessness and Vocalization duration. ASM recordings show the frequency in cows that are in oestrus between 405 Hz -485 Hz after PGF2α injection. In conclusion, the audiovisual behavior of cows after synchronization shows that the cows are in a state of oestrus, and are ready for artificial insemination.
Design and Modeling of IoT-based Sterilization Box using UV-C Radiation
Authors: Dewantara Annastya Bagas , Fauzi Irga Ade Fikri , Sintasari Isfandriya , Hanafi Adrian
Published: December 2021

The design of the sterilization box is based on the ATmega2560 microcontroller which utilizes the concept of 254 nanometer UV-C shortwave radiation and disinfectant spray to increase the effectiveness of the sterilization box. In order to prevent transmission through touch from users through physical contact via sterilization box, researchers designed a system that can make users access sterilization box without the need to make physical contact with the device, namely by using IoT system with the help of applications that can be accessed through the user's smart device. Based on the results of the analysis and experiment that has been carried out, it is concluded that the sterilization box in this study can work optimally at a distance of less than 700 cm. This tool can operate using smartphone media via bluetooth HC-05 module, so it can minimize the process of spreading Covid-19 that occurs through physical contact.
Feasibility of Mechanical Properties of Lamina Hybrid Composite Ramie Fiber-Coconut Fiber-Fiberglass as an Alternative Hull Substitution of Material Structure Under 25M-V Type
Authors: Galbi Mohammad , Tua Lomo Mula , Hakim Arif Rahman
Published: December 2021

The use of metals in ship components is increasingly reduced, this is because the metal has a heavy weight, a difficult manufacturing process, and easy to corrode. The ship components began to use non-metallic materials, such as composites. Composites commonly used in ship hull construction are fiberglass composites, this material is chosen because this material has strong, lightweight, rustproof and easy manufacturing processes. Fiberglass is a non-renewable material, so development needs to be done, one of them by utilizing natural fibers. The selected natural fibers are ramie fiber and coconut fiber, the choice of this material is based on the availability of abundant material and good mechanical properties. Then the specimen was made using a hand lay-up manufacturing method with a composition of the G-SSK-SR 90⁰ and G 90⁰ layer with BTQN 157 printed polyester, which was then subjected to tensile testing. From the test results it is known that the maximum tensile strength of the G 90⁰ composite is more optimal than the G-SSK-SR 90⁰ layer composite. Then the results of static simulation based on engineering thickness with the manufacturing method of these two composite variations can be declared feasible based on BKI mechanical standards and safety factor values.
The Effects of Dry and Wet Grinding Processes on The Salt Quality
Authors: Amir Nizar , Efendy Makhfud , Hidayat Rachmad , Gozan Misri
Published: December 2021

Studies were conducted on the salt quality, such as NaCl percent and whiteness achieved by dry and wet grinding methods. Crude solar salt is carefully collected from traditional solar salt ponds to ensure the uniformity of the sample. Several salt processing methods were applied in this research, such as washing, grinding, and dewatering by centrifuge hydro extractor and drying. The effect of reducing salt particle size to 0.6 and 0.25 mm was also studied. The dry grinding method is conducted before the washing stage, while the wet grinding method is applied after the washing stage. Both dry and wet grinding methods provide high-quality salt products, indicating high NaCl percent and whiteness. The dry grinding method produces higher NaCl percent and whiteness than the wet grinding method. However, the wet grinding method was better in water management and equipment durability with loss of salt losses during the washing stage. Finally, both grinding methods have advantages and disadvantages, so for developing the salt processing industry, both methods should be correctly chosen and match product output requirements.
Experimental Study of Compressive Strength of Lightweight Concrete Using Wood Charcoal
Authors: Pasalli Daud Andang , Pamuttu Dina Limbong , Septiono Rahmat Fajar , Utary Chitra , Hairulla Hairulla
Published: December 2021

The use of lightweight concrete materials in Indonesia, especially in the Merauke Regency area can be an alternative amid the rapid development of the housing sector. In this experimental study, the author took the initiative to replace coarse aggregate with wood charcoal as light coarse aggregate. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of compressive strength and to determine whether the wood charcoal material met the standard of lightweight concrete coarse aggregate. Planning the proportion of lightweight concrete mixture in this study using a volume ratio between cement, sand and wood charcoal of 1: 2, 1: 2: 2.5 and 1: 2: 5 with variations of test days at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 day. From the results of the compressive strength test of lightweight concrete, the use of wood charcoal aggregate as coarse aggregate in concrete causes the value of the compressive strength of concrete to decrease.
Constraints of The Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) in Construction Projects in Ternate City
Authors: Ahadian Edward Rizky , Rumaru Siti Qamaria , Darwis Muhammad , Tuhuteru Erwinsyah
Published: December 2021

In a construction project there are various problems that occur, one of which is the problem regarding the occupational Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) which must always be considered. The research location is located in the city of Ternate, North Maluku province. This study aims to determine which constraint variable has the most influence based on the perception of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) experts. The method used is the Analytical Hierarchy Process method through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews with several construction companies. Based on the results of the AHP analysis, the rankings of the constraint variables are as follows: no evaluation related to OHS for workers in the field (0.2312), low culture (0.2277), no punishment for workers who do not carry out OHS in the field (0.1486).
Analysis Of Satisfaction and Priority Levels of Jaya Makmur Road Development in Supporting Kurik District as A Rice Surplus Area
Authors: Akbar Muh , Limbong Pamuttu Dina , Andang Pasalli Daud , Hairullah Hairullah
Published: December 2021

Merauke Regency as a national food place is anticipated to create 5.2 million tons of rice each year, identical to 5.41 percent of public rice creation in Indonesian and 88.92 percent of all Papua region. Kurik District is in the second position in Merauke Regency as the largest rice surplus area with a productivity of 47,376.15 tons or equivalent with 27.41 percent. The inadequate condition of road infrastructure resulted uneasy mobility in agriculture between regions. Finding the level of satisfaction between road performance and community expectations of road construction can be done using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. Meanwhile, the method used in determining road development priorities is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the level of road satisfaction found a gap between road performance and community expectations, namely the need for performance development (quadrant I). While the hierarchical process obtained the priority for the development of the Jaya Makmur Village road is Main Road in Jaya Makmur Village with an eigenvector value of 2.73. This is because Main Road in Jaya Makmur is the main road of Jaya Makmur Village with a condition of 53.19 percent of which is a road with ground level.
Correlation of the Increase in the Transportation Infrastructure Development Budget with a production surplus
Authors: Cahyanti Theresia Widi Asih , Munawar Achmad , Riyanto Bambang
Published: December 2021

In this study, identify the function of the road construction budget for transportation infrastructure can trigger an increase the output surplus of production was done. The increase in the road development budget is calculated using the growth factor method of the road construction budget combined with the length of the road. The production surplus is calculated based on the productivity of the commodity compared to the commodity needs of the population in the regency. The research method used excel software. The object under study is the surplus of commodity production taken and processed based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics for last 10 years. Meanwhile, the road construction budget data were obtained related agencies for the last 5 years. The expected result in this research is to obtain a correlation between the road construction budget and the production surplus.
Laboratorium Experimental Of Cantilever Sheet Pile Behaviour On Soft Soil Induced By Strip Load
Authors: Rauf Ichsan , Hrianto Tri , Kusnadi
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the deflection behavior of the sheet pile through experimental testing and numerical analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The Laboratorium scale test on a Tub with length of 1500 mm, width of 600 mm, and height of 1500 mm, and Steel Plate 3.2 mm with dimensions of 1400 mm x 590 mm was used as a model of the sheet pile wall. The subgrade material is clay soil and embankment material in the form of Sirtu which passes the No. sieve. 40. Physical and mechanical testing of soil and gravel materials is carried out with reference to ASTM standards. The measurement of the value of the strip load (q) and deflection was carried out using a load cell with a capacity of 100 kN and a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). The deflection of the sheet pile was using was analyzed using Plaxis 8.2 software of the FEM method. The results of laboratory tests show that the pile wall collapses at a load of 74 kN/m2, with a deflection of 24.56 mm, while the FEM analysis shows that the pile wall collapses at a load of 71 kN/m2 with a deflection of 21.29 mm.
Frequency of diagnostic tests in practice
Authors: Żółtowski Bogdan , Castaneda Leonel
Published: December 2021

The elaboration concerns methods of determination of term of technical equipment next diagnostication. The purpose of it is presentation of three methods related with determination of time of the next examination of equipment state for needs of devices operating system according to technical state.
Modelling of diagnostics of the technical condition of cable lines and power supply systems
Authors: Musiał Janusz , Horiashchenko Kostyantin , Horiashchenko Serhiy , Polasik Robert
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to research of state of modern cable lines and power lines used in the economy. The article describes the current state of problem diagnosis conductor cable lines and the factors affecting the reliability of lines. The developed mathematical model of conversion of value of operating voltage into the digital code allows to develop a method of measurement. The method based on the conversion of a harmonic signal into time intervals and a comparison of two adjacent ones according to expressions. The algorithm of the operation processed in the device for measuring the current voltage of the harmonic signal was shown.
Changes of dynamic properties of mobile scenes at various steps of their manufacturing
Authors: Liss Michał , Martynyuk Valeriy
Published: December 2021

Mobile stage construction is a huge challenge for designers due to a very wide range of variable factors influencing it, such as wind or temperature, the value of which in this case depends on the geographical location. An inherent element of the impact of these factors are the accompanying different, both constant and variable loads. Detailed identification of these loads is as important as the analysis of the dynamic properties of the structure. The more so as the analyzed structure appears in two configurations, first as a semitrailer, and then as a stage.
Impact response of various concretes at 2.8-second drop shaft
Authors: Sovják Radoslav , Fládr Josef , Šťástka Jiří , Frydrýn Michal
Published: December 2021

This paper presents experimental testing of various types of concrete under impact loading by using a 2.8-second drop shaft. The drop shaft is located in the Josef Underground Laboratory and allows dropping a projectile from 40 meters that results in a maximal velocity of 100 km/h. Three basic types of concrete were used in the framework of this study. This was normal strength concrete, fibre-reinforced concrete, and high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete. The slabs were constructed 1700 mm × 500 mm × 70 mm in size and the clear span of the impacted slab was 1500 mm. Damage of the slab was recorded and the velocity of the projectile was measured with the high-speed camera before and after the impact. It was demonstrated that high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete has a higher ability to absorb and dissipate the kinetic energy of the impact that their lower strength counterparts.
Experimental measurement of dynamic loading and numerical analysis of gas pipeline damaged by corrosion
Authors: Magura Martin , Brodniansky Ján , Brodniansky Ján
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of the expert works in the area of diagnostics, repair, and reconstruction of the steel pipelines of the transit gas pipeline (TP) on Slovak territory. One part of our work included dynamic measurements of a steel casing pipe located under the railway. This pipeline was damaged by corrosion and it was necessary to evaluate its safety.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in graphene and graphene nanostructures
Authors: Turchinovich Dmitry , Mics Zoltan , Jensen Søren A. , Tielrooij Klaas-Jan , Ivanov Ivan , Parvez Khaled , Narita Akimitsu , Hertel Tobias , Koppens Frank , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus , Bonn Mischa
Published: December 2021

In this paper we provide a comprehensive view on the ultrafast conduction dynamics in graphene and graphene nanostructures. We show that ultrafast conduction in graphene can be well understood within a simple thermodynamic picture, by taking into account the dynamical interplay between electron heating and cooling, with the driving electric field acting as a supplier of thermal energy to graphene electron population. At the same time, the conductive properties of graphene nanostructures, such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), can be well explained within the concept typical for disordered materials, such as e.g. organic semiconductors - the conduction by the free charge experiencing long-range localization.
Sexualität im Alter
Authors: Schröck Friederike , Kühn Kai-Uwe , Sträter Birgitta
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Sexualität spielt auch im höheren Lebensalter eine wichtige Rolle und ist mit der Lebensqualität verknüpft, doch wird dieser Zusammenhang weiterhin tabuisiert.

Methoden Selektive Literaturübersicht ergänzt durch eigene klinische Erfahrungen zu Bedeutung, Einflussfaktoren und Stigmatisierung von Sexualität im Alter.

Ergebnisse Körperliche und psychische Erkrankungen sowie Medikation haben Einfluss auf die Sexualität. Während die sexuelle Aktivität im hohen Lebensalter abnimmt, bleibt die sexuelle Zufriedenheit weiterhin bestehen. Doch haben sich aus objektiven, altersbedingt zunehmenden Einschränkungen Stigmata entwickelt, die das Bild von sexueller Gesundheit im Alter prägen. Neben der öffentlichen Stigmatisierung spielt auch die institutionelle Stigmatisierung eine wichtige Rolle; so fehlt meist ein offenes Ansprechen des sexuellen Erlebens im Arzt-Patienten-Kontakt.

Fazit Die medizinischen Bedingungen für eine erfüllte Alterssexualität sind besser denn je. Medizinisches Personal sollte nicht nur mögliche Erkrankungen sowie Polypharmazie als Risikofaktoren für Beeinträchtigung im Blick haben, sondern auch die sexuelle Gesundheit ihrer Patienten in jedem Lebensalter unterstützen.
Postvirale Phänomene nach SARS-Cov-2: Implikationen für die psychosoziale Versorgung
Authors: Allwang Christine , Junne Florian
Published: December 2021

Als im Januar 2020 das neuartige Corona-Virus Einzug in die Nachrichten und Berichterstattungen fand, ahnten in den Anfangsstunden wahrscheinlich nur wenige, welche Beeinträchtigung unser Leben durch dieses Virus erfahren würde. Doch die Infektionszahlen, schweren Erkrankungen und Todesfälle erreichten innerhalb von Tagen und Wochen eine Größenordnung, die schnell erkennen ließ, dass es sich hierbei um einen Erreger handelt, der es nötig machte, Maßnahmen zu ergreifen und Einschränkungen des öffentlichen Lebens zu veranlassen, die es in dieser Form bis dato nicht gegeben hatte. Am 11.März 2020 wurde der COVID-19 Ausbruch offiziell durch die WHO zu einer weltumspannenden Pandemie erklärt.
Analgesie und Notfallnarkose bei Kindern
Authors: Landsleitner Bernd , Eich Christoph Bernhard
Published: December 2021

Kinder erhalten in der Notfallsituation häufig keine effektive Schmerztherapie! Schmerzerfassung, Applikation und Medikamentendosierung sind uns eben nicht so vertraut wie bei Erwachsenen. Da jedoch Traumata mindestens ein Drittel aller Kindernotfälle ausmachen, wird eine Analgesie oft benötigt. Die prähospitale Notfallnarkose ist hingegen sehr selten und nur im „worst Case“ erforderlich. Wer hier effektiv und sicher handeln will, muss versiert und erfahren sein, die Risiken kennen und einen Plan B im Hinterkopf haben!
Association of HPV and EBV in Oral Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia
Authors: Tamboon Eakapong , Sihavong Phetmany , Kitkumthorn Nakarin , Bumalee Dusit , Arayapisit Tawepong , Lapthanasupkul Puangwan
Published: December 2021

Objective Oral verrucous squamous cell carcinoma or oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) is a rare verrucous variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for 2 to 12% of all oral carcinomas. Oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) is clinically similar to OVC and has been proposed to be a precursor lesion of OVC. Etiopathogenesis of both lesions is still inconspicuous. Oncogenic viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been reported to be associated with some cases of OSCC, and we hypothesized that it may act as a causative agent of these verrucous lesions. This study aimed to investigate frequency of HPV and EBV infections in OVC and OVH.

Material and Methods Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a total of 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, including 27 OVC samples and 8 OVH samples, were investigated for HPV and EBV infection. HeLa and B95-8 cell lines were used as positive controls of HPV and EBV PCR, respectively.

Results All OVC and OVH samples show a positivity to GAPDH, whereas neither HPV nor EBV PCR products was detected in both OVC and OVH samples.

Conclusions In summary, our study demonstrated that HPV and EBV are not involved in pathogenesis of OVC and OVH. Other etiologic factors contributing to OVC and OVH need to be further clarified.
A new criterion and the limit of blowup solutions for a generalized Davey–Stewartson system
Authors: Huang Juan , Li Yulin , Yang Yunya
Published: December 2021

This paper concerns a generalized Davey–Stewartson system, which is one of the basic models in fluid mechanics. Applying a generalization of Lushnikov’s criteria, a new blowup criterion for a Davey–Stewartson system for the super mass-critical case is obtained. For super mass-critical and sub-cubic cases, we also derive the limit of blowup solutions at the blowup time, which mimics the dynamics of scattering solutions.
Effect of load-capacity heterogeneity on cascading overloads in networks
Authors: Guo Zhijun , Wang Ying , Zhong Jilong , Fu Chaoqi , Sun Yun , Li Jie , Chen Zhiwei , Wen Guoyi
Published: December 2021

Heterogeneity in the load capacity of nodes is a common characteristic of many real-world networks that can dramatically affect their robustness to cascading overloads. However, most studies seeking to model cascading failures have ignored variations in nodal load capacity and functionality. The present study addresses this issue by extending the local load redistribution model to include heterogeneity in nodal load capacity and heterogeneity in the types of nodes employed in the network configuration and exploring how these variations affect network robustness. Theoretical and numerical analyses demonstrate that the extent of cascading failure is influenced by heterogeneity in nodal load capacity, while it is relatively insensitive to heterogeneity in nodal configuration. Moreover, the probability of cascading failure initiation at the critical state increases as the range of nodal load capacities increases. However, for large-scale networks with degree heterogeneity, a wide range of nodal load capacities can also suppress the spread of failure after its initiation. In addition, the analysis demonstrates that heterogeneity in nodal load capacity increases and decreases the extent of cascading failures in networks with sublinear and superlinear load distributions, respectively. These findings may provide some practical implications for controlling the spread of cascading failure.
The stochastic bifurcation analysis and stochastic delayed optimal control for epidemic model with general incidence function
Authors: Din Anwarud
Published: December 2021

In the history of the world, contagious diseases have been proved to pose serious threats to humanity that needs uttermost research in the field and its prompt implementations. With this motive, an attempt has been made to investigate the spread of such contagion by using a delayed stochastic epidemic model with general incidence rate, time-delay transmission, and the concept of cross immunity. It is proved that the system is mathematically and biologically well-posed by showing that there exist a positive and bounded global solution of the model. Necessary conditions are derived, which guarantees the permanence as well as extinction of the disease. The model is further investigated for the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution and established sufficient conditions. The non-zero periodic solution of the stochastic model is analyzed quantitatively. The analysis of optimality and time delay is used, and a proper strategy was presented for prevention of the disease. A scheme for the numerical simulations is developed and implemented in MATLAB, which reflects the long term behavior of the model. Simulation suggests that the noises play a vital role in controlling the spread of an epidemic following the proposed flow, and the case of disease extinction is directly proportional to the magnitude of the white noises. Since time delay reflects the dynamics of recurring epidemics, therefore, it is believed that this study will provide a robust basis for studying the behavior and mechanism of chronic infections.
Impact feature recognition method for non-stationary signals based on variational modal decomposition noise reduction and support vector machine optimized by whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Xu Fujing , Hu Linghua , Jia Tingwei , Du Shaocheng
Published: December 2021

It is difficult to effectively distinguish the key information of non-stationary dynamic signals in many engineering applications, such as fault detection, geological exploration, and logistics transportation. To deal with this problem, a classification and recognition algorithm based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) optimized by the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) optimization model is first proposed in this study. The algorithm first applies VMD to decompose the non-stationary time-domain signals into multiple variational intrinsic mode functions (VIMFs). Then, it calculates the correlation coefficient between each mode and the original signals and conducts signal reconstruction by sorting the VIMFs. On the base of this, it performs modal filtering on the non-stationary signals according to the correlation coefficients between the reconstructed signal and the original signal. Subsequently, the WOA is used to optimize two key parameters of the SVM. Finally, the optimization model is exploited to classify and recognize the impact and vibration of non-stationary signals. A series of simulations and experiments for the algorithm is carried out and analyzed deeply. The comparative test results indicate that the classification and recognition method for non-stationary signals based on VMD and WOA-SVM (VMD-WOA-SVM) proposed in this paper converges faster and recognizes the key information of non-stationary dynamic signals more accurately with a recognition precision of 96.66%.
Recent advances in lattice thermal conductivity calculation using machine-learning interatomic potentials
Authors: Arabha Saeed , Aghbolagh Zahra Shokri , Ghorbani Khashayar , Hatam-Lee S. Milad , Rajabpour Ali
Published: December 2021

The accuracy of the interatomic potential functions employed in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is one of the most important challenges of this technique. In contrast, the high accuracy ab initio quantum simulation cannot be an alternative to MD due to its high computational cost. In the meantime, the machine learning approach has been able to compromise these two numerical techniques. This work unveils how the MD interatomic potentials have been improved through training over ab initio datasets and are able to well calculate phononic thermal transport of materials. Therefore, this powerful tool allows the quantum computational order accuracy with a timescale in the order of classical computations. Besides, the thermal conductivity of a few 2D and 3D structures, which have been calculated using machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs), is presented and compared with experimental and quantum counterparts. Finally, it is discussed that how MLIPs can be developed not only to estimate other properties of pristine materials, such as mechanical properties, but also to predict the properties of defective materials.
Surface force-mediated dynamics of droplets spreading over wetting films
Authors: Kubochkin Nikolai , Gambaryan-Roisman Tatiana
Published: December 2021

Despite tremendous interest in the wetting dynamics at the microscale, attention to nanodroplets has started rising only over the last two decades. In the current work, we examine the dynamics of droplets of size comparable with the range of the surface force action spreading over wetting (adsorbed) films. We show that wetting exponents are strongly affected by the ratio between the droplet height and the film thickness dictated by the surface forces, and that Cox–Voinov law is not applicable anymore for such droplets. We pay particular attention to the shape of the advancing droplet menisci and bridge our results with the Landau–Levich problem. We show both numerically and analytically that depending on the strength of the surface forces, capillary ripples of different depths can emerge in the vicinity of the advancing front. The dependence of the ripple wavelength as well the ripple amplitude on capillary number is non-monotonic. We derive the conditions at which the capillary ripples can be fully suppressed by the surface force action.
Numerical study of the Rayleigh–Bénard convection in two-dimensional cavities heated by elliptical heat sources using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Chaabane Raoudha , Kolsi Lioua , Jemni Abdelmajid , Alshammari Naif K. , D'Orazio Annunziata
Published: December 2021

This study aims to investigate numerically the Rayleigh–Bénard Convection using an in-house Fortran 90 code based on the lattice Boltzmann method. The bottom wall is equipped with two hot circular/elliptical sources and the right wall is open. The non-linear coupled differential governing equations are formulated using the lattice Boltzmann equation associated with the Boussinesq approximation. The simulations are conducted for (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106) and Pr = 0.7 (corresponding to air). The code verification showed a good reliability of the present mesoscopic numerical approach. Several configurations related to the size and shape of the heaters were studied. It was found that elliptically shaped heat sources provide higher heat transfer rates compared to circular sources.
Targeted nuclear medicine. Seek and destroy
Authors: Tolmachev V. M. , Chernov V. I. , Deyev S. M.
Published: December 2021

The targeted delivery of radionuclides to tumours holds great promise for diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms. The development of scaffold proteins has significantly simplified the design of targeting agents with desirable properties. This review comprehensively describes the key aspects of the design of radionuclide compounds, including classification of radionuclides, methodology for their attachment to targeting agents and characteristics of these agents that affect their behaviour in the body. Various targeting molecules are compared in terms of their ability to specifically find malignant foci in the body. The most recent achievements of cancer theranostics that aim at increasing the selectivity of antitumour effect are described, such as the fusion of targeting scaffold proteins with the albumin-binding domain and pretargeting. Special attention is paid to the creation of targeted radionanomaterials. Advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are analyzed and approaches for improving the delivery to tumours and for minimizing the undesirable impact on healthy organs and tissues are proposed. Particular emphasis is placed on the results of studies published in 2020–2021 that have not yet been covered by reviews.
 The bibliography includes 191 references.
Seeding next to previous year’s crop row (near-row sowing) can increase grain yields on water repellent soils
Authors: Roper M. M. , Ward P. R. , Betti G. , Davies S. L. , Wilhelm N. , Kerr R. , Micin S. F. , Blacker T.
Published: December 2021

Context The combination of no-till and stubble retention has been shown to preserve old crop roots, which behave as pathways for water infiltration into water repellent soil, by-passing repellent surface soil layers. Aim To evaluate the benefits to soil properties and crop performance of seeding close to the previous season’s crop rows (near-row sowing) compared with inter-row sowing on water repellent soils. Methods At four field sites, near Moora, Pingrup and Calingiri in Western Australia and Wanilla in South Australia, measurements were made of: (1) crop performance of near- and inter-row sown crops (Moora and Wanilla); and (2) differences in soil properties between the crop row and inter-row at Wanilla, Calingiri and Pingrup. Key results Biomass accumulation (Moora) and grain yields (Moora and Wanilla) were significantly improved by near-row sowing compared with inter-row sowing, particularly under no-till and stubble retention, but these differences were reduced after cultivation, which either buried repellent surface soils or disrupted root pathways. At Calingiri and Pingrup, where near-row sowing had been practised for ≥4 years, and at Wanilla, soil water contents were higher in the crop row than the inter-row by up to 4% v/v, and this was associated with significantly reduced repellency (Calingiri and Pingrup) and larger communities of wax-degrading bacteria (Pingrup). Conclusions Near-row sowing may enhance crop production directly through improved water infiltration down root pathways, and indirectly by reduced soil water repellency in the row. Implications Near-row sowing is potentially a low-cost management for enhanced crop production on water repellent soils.
aPC/PAR1 confers endothelial anti-apoptotic activity via a discrete, β-arrestin-2–mediated SphK1-S1PR1-Akt signaling axis
Authors: Molinar-Inglis Olivia , Birch Cierra A. , Nicholas Dequina , Orduña-Castillo Lennis , Cisneros-Aguirre Metztli , Patwardhan Anand , Chen Buxin , Grimsey Neil J. , Coronel Luisa J. , Lin Huilan , Gomez Menzies Patrick K. , Lawson Mark A. , Patel Hemal. H. , Trejo JoAnn
Published: December 2021

Significance

Activated protein C (aPC) is a promising therapeutic and exhibits multiple pharmacological benefits in preclinical studies, including in sepsis. aPC activates protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and signals via β-arrestin-2 to promote endothelial barrier stabilization and anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. The present study demonstrates that different aPC/PAR1 cytoprotective responses are uniquely regulated by discrete β-arrestin-2–mediated signaling pathways that are modulated by coreceptors. Thus, β-arrestin-2 functions as a central driver of distinct, aPC/PAR1-induced cytoprotective signaling pathways to control barrier protection and anti-apoptotic activities.
Class-specific interactions between Sis1 J-domain protein and Hsp70 chaperone potentiate disaggregation of misfolded proteins
Authors: Wyszkowski Hubert , Janta Anna , Sztangierska Wiktoria , Obuchowski Igor , Chamera Tomasz , Kłosowska Agnieszka , Liberek Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

Significance

How chaperones rescue cells from toxic aggregates, associated with stress, aging, and disease, is not fully understood. Here, we focus on aggregate recognition by yeast Hsp70- and Hsp104-disaggregating proteins. We show that two conserved classes of J-domain proteins (JDPs/Hsp40s), which regulate Hsp70, use disparate mechanisms to recruit chaperones to aggregates. Bipartite interaction with Hsp70 enables Sis1, a Class B JDP, to tether more Hsp70 molecules to the aggregate, which improves disaggregation with Hsp104. Ydj1 of the Class A, in turn, drives effective reactivation of misfolding-prone substrates. Our results demonstrate that the two classes of JDPs, albeit overlapping in function, differently contribute to the individual stages of disaggregation. This demonstrates how the diversification of cochaperones improves protein quality control.
Mutations in artificial self-replicating tiles: A step toward Darwinian evolution
Authors: Zhou Feng , Sha Ruojie , Ni Heng , Seeman Nadrian , Chaikin Paul
Published: December 2021

Significance

In nature, mutation is the first step of evolution, where it provides the genetic variation for the natural selection to act. Here we take a system of artificial self-replicating tiles, DNA origami, that exhibit templated reproduction. We can generate a small fraction of mutations by introducing a mismatch in hybridization between parent and daughter. We can modify the origami functionality to affect the growth rate of the mutated species, giving it less or more evolutionary advantage, and to become dominant in several generations. The introduction of mutations into an artificial self-replicating system provides new directions for research into self-assembly processes.
Selective packaging of HIV-1 RNA genome is guided by the stability of 5′ untranslated region polyA stem
Authors: Nikolaitchik Olga A. , Liu Shuohui , Kitzrow Jonathan P. , Liu Yang , Rawson Jonathan M. O. , Shakya Saurabh , Cheng Zetao , Pathak Vinay K. , Hu Wei-Shau , Musier-Forsyth Karin
Published: December 2021

Significance

HIV-1 must select and package its RNA genome from an abundant pool of cellular RNAs. To understand this essential replication step, we studied two nearly identical HIV-1 RNAs that are differentially encapsidated. HIV-1 RNA with one 5′ guanosine (1G RNA) is enriched in virions, whereas RNA with three 5′ guanosines (3G RNA) is largely excluded. We observed that 1G RNA, but not 3G RNA, mainly folds into structures that expose elements important for RNA:RNA and RNA:Gag interactions. We also identified mutants in which 1G and 3G RNAs fold into similar structures, resulting in efficient packaging of 3G RNA. Thus, HIV-1 selects its viral genome based on its capacity to adopt structures that facilitate RNA dimerization and Gag binding.
Integrative geochronology calibrates the Middle and Late Stone Ages of Ethiopia’s Afar Rift
Authors: Niespolo Elizabeth M. , WoldeGabriel Giday , Hart William K. , Renne Paul R. , Sharp Warren D. , Shackley M. Steven , Ambrose Stanley H. , Asfaw Berhane , Beyene Yonas , Brasil Marianne F. , Carlson Joshua P. , Sahle Yonatan , White Tim D.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Understanding the evolution, dispersals, behaviors, and ecologies of early African
Homo sapiens
requires accurate geochronological placement of fossils and artifacts. We introduce open-air occurrences of such remains in sediments of the Middle Awash study area in Ethiopia. We describe the stratigraphic and depositional contexts of our discoveries and demonstrate the effectiveness of recently developed uranium-series dating of ostrich eggshell at validating and bridging across more traditional radioisotopic methods (
14
C and
40
Ar/
39
Ar).
Homo sapiens
fossils and associated Middle Stone Age artifacts are placed at >158 and ∼96 ka. Later Stone Age occurrences are dated to ∼21 to 24 ka and ∼31 to 32 ka, firmly dating the upper portion of one of the longest records of human evolution.
Commercial success from a community partnership with the private sector, at Witsieshoek Mountain Lodge in the Maloti Drakensberg Transfrontier Park World Heritage Site, South Africa
Authors: Anna Spenceley
Published: December 2021

Witsieshoek Mountain Lodge (WML) is an 88-bed lodge in the South African section of the Maloti Drakensberg Transfrontier Park World Heritage Site. WML is a community owned lodge, privately operated by Transfrontier Parks Destinations (TFPD). By providing business acumen, market linkages, and securing investment finance TFPD has transformed a dilapidated community owned lodge into a thriving enterprise. It generates meaningful financial returns for the community owners, and also secure full-time employment for local people. Furthermore, the lodge has been independently certified as a sustainable tourism business by Fair Trade Tourism.

Information

Snyman, S. and Spenceley, A. (2019) Private Sector Tourism in Conservation Areas in Africa, CABI, Chapter 4.3.1, Case study 23: Witsieshoek Mountain Lodge, South Africa, pp 109-111

© CAB International 2021
Comment on ‘Study of lump solutions to an extended Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation involving three fourth-order terms’ (2020 Phys. Scr.

95 095207)
Authors: Gao Xin-Yi , Guo Yong-Jiang , Shan Wen-Rui
Published: December 2021

Of current interest, in nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics and plasma physics, the paper commented (i.e., Phys. Scr. 95, 095207, 2020) has investigated a (2+1)-dimensional extended Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff system. Hereby, we make the issue raised in that paper more complete. Using the Hirota method and symbolic computation, we construct three sets of the bilinear auto-Bäcklund transformations for that system, along with some analytic solutions. As for the amplitude of the relevant wave in nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics or plasma physics, our results depend on the coefficients in that system.
Searching for Galactic H ii Regions from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Database
Authors: Yang Yujie , Jiang Bin
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we pioneer a new machine-learning method to search for H ii regions in spectra from The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). H ii regions are emission nebulae created when young and massive stars ionize nearby gas clouds with high-energy ultraviolet radiation. Having more H ii region samples will help us understand the formation and evolution of stars. Machine-learning methods are often applied to search for special celestial bodies such as H ii regions. LAMOST has conducted spectral surveys and provided a wealth of valuable spectra for the research of special and rare celestial bodies. To overcome the problem of sparse positive samples and diversification of negative samples, a novel method called the self-calibrated convolution network is introduced and implemented for spectral processing. A deep network classifier with a structure called a self-calibrated block provides a high precision rate, and the recall rate is improved by adding the strategy of positive-unlabeled bagging. Experimental results show that this method can achieve better performance than other current methods. Eighty-nine spectra are identified as Galactic H ii regions after cross-matching with the WISE Catalog of Galactic H ii Regions, confirming the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
Influence of magnetron sputtering modes on the parameters of ZnO:Ga films
Authors: Geldash A A , Gusev E Yu , Dzhuplin V N , Ageev O A
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work is to study the effect of magnetron sputtering modes - its technological parameters (pressure, substrate temperature and DC power source) on the morphology and electrophysical parameters of nanocrystalline ZnO:Ga films, which can be used as contact layers to nanostructures of photovoltaic converters. It was found that with an increase in the substrate temperature, the grain size decreases from 80 to 30 nm and the film surface roughness, as well as the resistivity from 1.68⋅10−1 to 1.2⋅10−2 Ω⋅cm and the mobility of charge carriers with 18.12 to 5.59 cm2/(V⋅s). In this case, the concentration of charge carriers increases from 5.59⋅1018 to 3.31 ⋅ 1020 cm−3. With an increase in the power of the DC source, the grain size increases from 35 to 90 nm and the surface roughness of the ZnO:Ga films, as well as the concentration of charge carriers from 5.91⋅1018 to 3.35⋅1020 cm−3. In this case, the resistivity decreases from 1.42⋅10−2 to 1.3⋅10−2 Ω⋅cm, and the mobility of charge carriers from 6.74 to 3.22 cm2/(V⋅s). The results obtained can be used in the development of technological processes for the manufacture of highly efficient photoelectric converters.
Electrically conductive CNT networks formed by laser
Authors: Kuksin A V , Kurilova U E , Glukhova O E , Eganova E M , Dudin A A , Gerasimenko A Yu
Published: December 2021

Materials containing conductive CNT networks were investigated in this work. Binding of CNTs to each other was carried out using laser radiation in scanning mode. As a result of experimental studies, radiation energy density at which the effect of SWCNT binding occured was found – 0.061 J/cm2. Mechanism by which formation of porous materials with SWCNTs in composition takes place has been established. Materials from CNTs and biopolymers with controllable pore sizes that make up more than 60% of nanocomposite volume have been made.
The scalable production of high-quality nanographite by organic radical-assisted electrochemical exfoliation.
Authors: Grushevski E , Savelev D , Mazaletski L , Savinski N , Puhov D
Published: December 2021

One of the promising ways to produce graphene is the technology of graphite splitting or exfoliation, both by physical or mechanical and chemical, including electrochemical methods. The product of electro exfoliation is nanographite, which is transformed into multigraphene at the subsequent stage of liquid-phase mechanical and ultrasonic disintegration. This approach demonstrates a successful method of obtaining multigraphene from available graphite raw materials. Since, already at a potential of 1.23V, during the electrolysis of water on a graphite anode, the hydroxyl anion is discharged with the formation of a very active hydroxyl radical oxidizer, it is not surprising that when the graphite electro exfoliation process is overvolted at 10V, graphite oxidation products are formed. In order to control the defectiveness of the graphene lattice by oxidation products, we carried out processes of graphite exfoliation in the presence of both a number of reducing agents ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate, and in the presence of industrial antioxidants radical traps (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-il)oxyl (TEMPO), (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 oxo-piperidine-1-yl)oxyl (IPON), a mixture of 5,8,9-bis isomers[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl - 4 oxo-piperidine-1-yl)]-{5,8,9-[1,1’- bi(cyclopentylidene)]-2,2’,4,4’- tetraene}(YARSIM-0215). It should be noted, that the best result of preventing the oxidation of nanographite in electro exfoliation technology in our studies is the ratio of carbon to oxygen (C/O) about 69.
Laser sintering of oxidized copper nanoparticles deposited by dry aerosol printing
Authors: Kornyushin D V , Efimov A A , Buchnev A I , Kameneva E I , Ivanov V V
Published: December 2021

Sintering of oxidized copper nanoparticles arrays in the form of lines by the local treatment of laser radiation with wavelengths of 527 nm and 980 nm was studied. To form lines with a width equal to 40–150 μm and a thickness equal to 0.5–4 μm focused aerosol jets with average nanoparticle sizes of 110 and 65 nm were used. The production of semiconductor arrays from oxidized copper nanoparticles with a specific electrical resistance of 2⋅10−3 Ω⋅m using laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm was demonstrated.
ZnO nanorods coating modified with AgInS2 quantum dots
Authors: Ryabko A A , Korepanov O A , Bobkov A A , Aleksandrova O A , Moshnikov V A
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the effect on the visible light photoresponse caused by the modification of ZnO nanorod coating with colloidal AgInS2 quantum dots. The modification of ZnO nanorods by immersion in colloidal solution results in the enhancement of visible absorption and photoresponse. Obtained results indicate the possibility of local heterojunctions between ZnO and AgInS2.