bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemolitična anemija in trombocitopenija ob fetomaternalnem neskladju krvnih skupin ABO: prikaz primera
Authors: Biteznik Alenka , Faganel Kotnik Barbara , Fister Petja
Published: August 2019

Odkar izvajamo zaščito RhD-negativnih nosečnic z anti-D protitelesi, je najpogostejši vzrok za hemolitično bolezen novorojenčka neskladje ABO krvnih skupin matere in ploda oz. novorojenčka. Hemolizo povzročajo protitelesa, ki so posledica izoimunizacije matere, in prehajajo preko posteljice v plod, kjer uničujejo plodove in novorojenčkove eritrocite. Bolezen se kaže s hemolitično anemijo, težko zgodnjo zlatenico in splenomegalijo. Ker so antigeni ABO prisotni tudi na trombocitih in drugih tkivih, lahko protitelesa anti-A ali anti-B v redkih primerih povzročijo tudi trombocitopenijo, saj se protitelesa odzivajo z istimi antigeni, prisotnimi tudi na trombocitih. V članku predstavljamo donošeno novorojenko s krvno skupino (KS) A, RhD pozitivno, po Kellu negativno, ki smo jo obravnavali zaradi hemolitične anemije in trombocitopenije. Materi so med nosečnostjo določili KS O, da je RhD pozitivna in po Kellu negativna. Ob sprejemu je bila deklica subikterična. Laboratorijski izvidi v starosti 100 ur so bili: hemoglobin 152 g/L, trombociti 44 × 109/L, celokupni bilirubin 254 μmol/L in direktni bilirubin 10,6 μmol/L. Direktni Coombsov test (DCT) pri deklici je bil pozitiven, imela je prisotna protitelesa anti-A IgG. Ob fototerapiji so vrednosti bilirubina ustrezno upadle. Zaradi trombocitopenije pri novorojenki smo analizirali materin hemogram, ki je pokazal normalno koncentracijo trombocitov v periferni krvi ter nato opravili genotipizacijo HPA pri materi in novorojenki, ki ni pokazala neskladja. Opravili smo tudi direktni test trombocitnih protiteles, ki je bil negativen. Za trombocite specifičnih protiteles (HPA in HLA) nismo uspeli potrditi. Število trombocitov se je spontano zvišalo. Ob zadnjem pregledu je v hemogramu izstopala nevtropenija, ki je spontano izzvenela do starosti 4 mesecev in pol.
Opredelitev eritrocitoz in predlog diagnostičnega algoritma v Sloveniji
Authors: Debeljak Nataša , Lazarevič Julija , Miskič Dejan , Vermiglio Lucija , Kopitar Anja , Solarovič Anja , Sever Matjaž , Fink Martina , Pajič Tadej , Anžej Doma Saša , Moškon Miha , Preložnik Zupan Irena
Published: August 2019

Eritrocitoza je stanje s povečano maso eritrocitov v telesu. Odrazi se s povečanim hematokritom, zvečano koncentracijo hemoglobina in povečanim številom eritrocitov v krvi. Ločimo absolutno in relativno eritrocitozo. Absolutne oblike pa nato delimo na primarne in sekundarne ter obe skupini še na prirojene in pridobljene. Opredelitev diagnoze pri bolniku je mnogokrat težavna, zato pomemben delež bolnikov ostane diagnostično neopredeljen; govorimo o idiopatični eritrocitozi. Namen prispevka je izboljšati diagnosticiranje in vključiti nove genetske preiskave v klinično prakso v Sloveniji.

Predlagamo razširjen in natančen algoritem za obravnavo eritrocitoz. Opisujemo razvrstitev različnih oblik eritrocitoz, klinično sliko, genetsko ozadje prirojenih eritrocitoz, diagnostične metode in možnosti zdravljenja. Pregledali smo tudi podatke o 5-letnem obdobju obravnave pridobljenih genetskih različic v JAK2 v Sloveniji. Gre za prvo laboratorijsko testiranje z namenom opredeliti vrsto eritrocitoz. S tem smo pridobili osnovni vpogled v razširjenost bolezni v Sloveniji.
Stem potential of the new human cell line 4BL
Authors: Kushniruk V. O. , Shablii V. A. , Shpylevaya S. P. , Ruban T. P. , Piven O. O. , Lobyntseva G. S. , Lukash L. L.
Published: August 2019

During generation of new cell line the researchers are primarily interested in such characteristics as morphology and immunophenotype, which allows attributing beloning of the cell to that or other type and accordingly outlining branches of its application. The aim of this research was to test the stem potential of the new cell line 4BL, which was derived from the peripheral blood of healthy donor and to investigate it`s immunophenotype. Methods. The standard cell cultivation and the soft agar test were used. Stem potential was checked by differentiation in the adypogenic, osteogenic and myogenic directions. Results. The 4BL cell lines form colonies similar to embryoid bodies when grown in semisolid agar and capable to differentiate into osteogenic, myogenic and adypohenic direction when grown in induction media. Over 90 % of the 4BL line cell population expressed stem cell markers CD105 and C73 and were negative for the hemopoietic cell markers CD90, CD45, C34 and CD14. Also these cells didn’t express Oct 4. Conclusions. The new human cell line 4BL has stem potential and, most likely, belongs to non-hemopoietic multipotent stem cells.Keywords: cell line, stem cells, embryoid bodies, differentiation, flow cytometry.
Peculiarities of chromosomal variability in cultured tissues of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. plants with different chromosome numbers
Authors: Kunakh V. A. , Navrotska D. O. , Twardovska M. O. , Andreev I. O.
Published: August 2019

Aim. To clarify the details of chromosome variation in calli derived from D. antarctica plants in the initial passages of the culture in vitro. Methods. Induction of callus from root explants of plants, which were grown from seeds, and consequent subcultivation of tissue culture. Cytogenetic analysis of squashed slides stained by acetic-orcein and counting the number of chromosomes in mitotic metaphase plates. Results. There were analyzed the cultured tissues derived from D. antarctica plants with different chromosome numbers: diploid plants (2n=26), mixoploid plant with B-chromosomes (2n=26+1-3B), and mixoploid plant with near-triploid modal class (2n=36, 38). Analysis of callus tissues of all plants at 2-4 passages revealed mixoploidy, presence of polyploid and aneuploid cells. The modal class in all studied calli was composed of diploid and aneuploid cells with near-diploid chromosome number. The cytogenetic structure of cell population of cultured tissues was found to vary with characteristics of the karyotype of donor plant. The largest range of variation in the number of chromosomes (from 18 to 63 chromosomes) was found in tissue culture of diploid plant (2n=26) from the Galindez Island, and the highest frequencies of polyploid (47 %) and aneuploid cells were in the culture of mixoploid plant with near-triploid modal class from the Big Yalour Island. Conclusions. In different D. antarctica cultured tissues at the early stages of the culture, the modal class was composed of diploid cells and cells with near-diploid chromosome number irrespective of karyotype of donor plant (diploid, mixoploid poliploid).Key words: Deschampsia antarctica Desv., plant tissue culture, chromosomal variability in vitro, mixoploidy.
The impact of astaxanthin on radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Pilinska M. A. , Kurinnyi D. A. , Rushkovsky S. R. , Dybska O. B.
Published: August 2019

Aim. Research objective is to establish the possibility of modifying the astaxanthin (a carotenoid from a xanthophyll group) radiation-induced cytogenetic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in vitro. Methods. The cultivation of PBLs from four conventionally healthy volunteers, the preparation and analysis of uniformly stained slides of metaphase chromosomes. Astaxanthin in final concentrations of 2, 10 and 20 µg/ml was added into the culture of PBL prior to the incubation before irradiation with γ-quanta in a dose of 1 Gy. Results. Astaxanthin did not affect the level and spectrum of chromosome damage in non-irradiated PBLs both in individual persons, and along the group on average (P>0.05), indicating a lack of mutagenic activity. The effect of astaxanthin at a concentration of 20 μg/ml on irradiated PBLs resulted in a significant reduction of radioinduced cytogenetic effect in all donors. Medium-group level of chromosome aberrations decreased almost 3 times and was characterized by statistically significant (P<0.001) decrease in frequency of chromosomal type aberrations due to the classical unstable cytogenetic markers of radiation effect, dicentrics and ring chromosomes. Conclusions. Astaxanthin at a concentration of 20 µg/ml was found to reduce the mutagenic effect of ionizing radiation, thus suggesting its powerful radioprotective potential.
Keywords: astaxanthin, culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, radiation mutagenesis, chromosome aberrations, radioprotective effect.
Nucleotide sequences of tRNA-methonine genes of Streptomyces globisporus 1912-2, identified in silico
Authors: Polishchuk L. V.
Published: August 2019

Aim of this work was to identify nucleotide sequences of tRNAMet of S. globisporus 1912-2. Methods. Resources of server NCBI (programs BLAST: blast, discontiguous megablast and databases: “Genome”, “Nucleotide”) were used for in silico analysis of library of S. grlobisporus 1912-2 contigs. Results. Nucleotide sequences of 4 genes of tRNAMet of S. globisporus 1912-2 were determined in silico. Molecules of tRNA of the II type were translated from tRNAMet gene (Contig No 21 (936–1008 bp)) and the molecules of tRNAfMet genes (Contigs No 299 (1713–1787 bp), No 255 (5941–6015 bp)). Conclusions. 4 genes of transfer RNAs-methionine were identified in silico in S. globisporus 1912-2 genome. Two genes from them coded tRNAfMet molecules. The nucleotide sequences of all tRNAMet genes were identified.Keywords: gene, tRNA, methionine, nucleotide sequence, Streptomyces.
Enhanced tolerance of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. to the mutagenic effect of cadmium ions
Authors: Spiridonova K. V. , Andreev I. O. , Zahrychuk O. M. , Drobyk N. M. , Kunakh V. A.
Published: August 2019

Aim. To study the potential effects of different concentrations of cadmium ions on antarctic plant D. antarctica using PCR analysis. Methods. Plants were grown in vitro on B5 Gamborg and Eveleigh agar medium supplemented with CdCl2. Genetic rearrangements were studied by PCR-analysis using ISSR- and IRAP-primers. Results. Genetically identical plants of D. antarctica obtained by microclonal propagation in vitro were used for the study of mutagenic effect of cadmium ions. The influence of Cd2+ was investigated within the concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM. The results of cultivation of D. antarctica plants in the presence of cadmium ions for 63 days allow to determine the concentration range that does not inhibit the growth of the plants in vitro, and it was up to 1 mM. It was found that toxicant concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 mM did not cause changes in the profiles of PCR products. After growing the plants with 0.2–1 mM CdCl2 for 17 days, the changes in the profiles of PCR products, indicating the mutagenic impact, were observed at concentrations of 0.6 mM or above; moreover, the number of changes increased in dependence on the concentration of heavy metal. Prolonged influence (140-265 days) of cadmium ions in relatively low concentrations (0.1 mM and 0.4 mM) did not cause detectable mutations. Conclusions. D. antarctica, a plant extremophile, which has evolved mechanisms of resistance to a variety of extreme conditions as a result of adaptation to the existence in the harsh conditions of Antarctica, shows enhanced resistance to cadmium ions in comparison with other species of vascular plants. Inhibition of growth occurs at Cd2+ concentrations of 0.1 mM or above, whereas concentrations of 1 mM or above cause cessation of growth and death of plants. Mutagenic effect on D. antarctica was observed at Cd2+ concentrations of above 0.4 mM. After prolonged growth of plants (for 3–8 months) at cadmium ions concentrations of 0.1–0.4 mM, genetic changes was not found.Keywords: Deschampsia antarctica Desv., plants in vitro obtained by microclonal propagation, cadmium ions, mutagenic effect, PCR-analysis.
The content of polyphenolic compounds in the Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutant Cat2 under salt stress
Authors: Didenko N. O. , Buzduga I. M. , Volkov R. A. , Panchuk I. I.
Published: August 2019

Aim. In plants, the defense response to abiotic stress includes induction of stress proteins and increase in content of protective metabolites. To date, the role of specific isoforms of antioxidant enzymes in stress responses and their relation to low-molecular weight protective compounds are still not clarified. To study this question the content of polyphenolic compounds (PPC) was evaluated under salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (WT) and in catalase 2 (Cat2) knockout mutant plants. Methods. PPC content in different variants of treatment with sodium chloride was measured. Results. It was shown that under optimal cultivation conditions the content of PPC in leaves of cat2 mutants is higher than in WT leaves. However, cultivation of isolated shoots in nutrient medium resulted in a faster depletion of the PPC pool in the cat2 line. Also, short-term salt stress results in equal depletion of the PPC pool in both, WT and cat2. Conclusions. The increase of PPC content in cat2 leaves is a manifestation of metabolic alterations that aim to compensate the reduced catalase activity.Keywords: multigenic family, knockout mutants, polyphenolic compounds, sodium chloride, Arabidopsis thaliana.
Spectral method of evaluation of photosynthetic apparatus thermal resistance
Authors: Shevchenko V. V. , Bondarenko O. Yu.
Published: August 2019

Aim. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibilities of application of the spectral parameter - the relationship of the absorption values at wavelengths of 680 and 850 nm (k = A680 / A850) for testing heat resistance of plants to change the size of chloroplasts at short-term heating.  Methods. The short-term (5 minutes) heating in the range 25-45oC was carried out for chloroplasts isolated from two-week-old pea, corn and 4 winter wheat varieties differing in heat resistance. From the absorption spectra of chloroplasts was calculated changes of parameter k. Results. All heated chloroplasts showed changes in the spectral parameter k. Particularly strong and stable changes observed during heating at 40-45 ° C. In terms of changes in the spectral parameter plants are ranged in the following order - corn, pea, wheat. Conclusions. The intensity of the k changes coincided with the preliminary estimation of thermal stability for corn and different varieties of winter wheat. It is recommended to use the spectral parameter k for the rapid screening of varieties on the thermal stability of the photosynthetic apparatus within the same species.Key words: chloroplasts of different species of plants, the photosynthetic apparatus, short-term heating, evaluation of the thermal stability.
Root system for maize drought tolerance: anatomical, physiological, molecular genetic aspects
Authors: Volkova N. E. , Slischuk G. I.
Published: August 2019

The review deals with the present state of maize root system research and its role in drought tolerance and productivity. Maize root system idiotype - the optimal architecture of the root system for soil with water deficiency is described. The molecular and genetic aspects of the maize root system traits and drought tolerance are demonstrated. There are the results of studies of genes and loci of maize root system traits associated with providing drought tolerance. It presents an innovative approach, with which estimated roots morphological traits - automatic phenotypic analysis of the digital image of the plants root systems by software. Creating deep-rooted plants is considered to be an important strategy to improve water production and yield stability. Presenting the program Roots Power™, developed by "Euralis Semens" (France), under which the EU set up the first maize hybrid Sensor (FAO 370), with modified characteristics of the root system, which provides significant resistance to drought and lodging, yield stability.Keywords: drought tolerance, root system, maize, genes, quantitative trait loci
Deregulation of Cancer-Associated Genes in Odontogenic Cysts
Authors: EGE Bilal , YUMRUTAŞ Önder , BOZGEYİK İbrahim
Published: August 2019

Objectives: The
aim of the present study was to demonstrate the key role of differential
expression levels of RB1, TP53, XIAP, BCL2 AIFM3, BAX, CASP3 and CASP9 genes in
odontogenic cysts. Materials and Methods:
A total number of 15 patients who diagnosed with odontogenic cyst were enrolled
for the present study. For the quantitative gene expression analysis, cyst and
adjacent gingival healthy tissues of patients were collected during surgical assessments.
Quantitative analysis of gene expression levels RB1, TP53, XIAP, BCL2 AIFM3,
BAX, CASP3 and CASP9 were achieved real-time PCR method. For the optimization
of gene expression levels GAPDH reference gene was used. Results:
Expression of both RB1 and TP53 genes were markedly diminished in odontogenic
cysts tissues as compared to healthy tissues (p<0.05). Likewise, levels of
CASP3 and CASP9 genes were found to be significantly reduced in odontogenic
cysts tissues compared to healthy tissues (p<0.05). In contrast, expression levels
of XIAP was significantly elevated (p<0.05). Although BCL2, AIFM3, and BAX
genes were also differentially expressed in odontogenic cysts tissues, these variations
were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). 

Conclusions:
The findings of the present study indicates that RB1, TP53, XIAP, CASP3 and
CASP9 genes might have chief roles in formation odontogenic cysts and
responsible for the increased cell proliferation in these tissues.
Pre Press Gothic Infections
Authors: Mikalsen Paula Ryggvik
Published: August 2019

This article proposes, a reading of Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey (1818) as a case study for discussing infectious literature, storytelling as therapy and the interconnectedness of Gothic methodologies and medical humanities. Northanger Abbey was written in a period when women’s reading habits was a contested topic, so I will provide a quick historical overview of the period and the problematic Gothic novel, which Northanger Abbey satirizes. Where previous research has focused on Catherine Morland, the protagonist and ‘misreader’ in this Gothic satire, this article will focus on Austen’s feminized hero, Henry Tilney, and read him in the role of a mesmeric healer. His goal is to cure Catherine of her obsession with Gothic novels, in order for her to fulfil the feminine ideal of the time. The mesmeric method is to produce a crisis in the patient, however, I will show how Henry’s plan fails and he inadvertently produces a crisis in himself, and forces him to realize the extent of his own ‘reading illness’. He is ‘infected’ by the masculine literary canon, which in his mind entails literary superiority over Catherine and his sister Eleanor.

Storytelling as therapy is a term that connects literature and trauma into a method of organizing experience. My analysis will focus on a selection of dialogue between the main characters and Henry’s monologues, to highlight where Austen’s hero is compelled to take narrative control as a way to control his own trauma; his troubled relationship with his father and the death of his mother.
What Is a Class? On the Simmelian Art of Learning and Teaching
Authors: Vernik Esteban
Published: August 2019

This paper focus on School Pedagogy, a course teached by Simmel at the end of his life in Strasbourg University. The intention is to convey that Simmel’s pedagogy is not an isolated chapter within his theory, but it shows principles present throughout his work and that are here applied in the pedagogical field. For this end, it first briefly outlines Simmel’s trajectory previous to teaching this course; then it concentrates in analyzing key points of the relation between Simmel’s art of teaching and learning and his works as a whole, to conclude which a group of practical points.
Beautés et cruautés de l’harmonie naturelle
Authors: Gonneville Michel , LeBlanc Jimmie
Published: August 2019

Les propos recueillis auprès du compositeur montréalais Michel Gonneville (né en 1950) pour constituer ce texte sous forme d’entretien proviennent d’une correspondance ayant eu cours durant l’automne 2018 et visent à offrir quelques perspectives sur les principaux axes d’origine et de développement de l’aspect microtonal dans la démarche du compositeur. Dans le contexte d’un langage musical déjà empreint de sérialisme et de thématisme, Gonneville aborde la microtonalité tantôt de manière coloriste, tantôt de manière structurelle, incluant l’intégration d’éléments spectraux doublée d’une recherche sur l’intonation juste et l’exploration de la rencontre de ces univers non tempérés avec les tempéraments égaux en demi-, quarts ou seizièmes de tons.
Sıkıştırma ile Ateşlemeli Motorlarda Bilgisayar Destekli Enerji ve Ekserji Analizi
Authors: YILMAZ İlker
Published: August 2019

Kaynakları daha verimli kullanmanın en iyi yolu,
enerji ve ekserji arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaktır. Termodinamiğin birinci kanunu
enerji analizi ile ilişkilidir. Bu kanun enerjinin niceliği ile alakalıdır. Enerji analizi sistemin enerji
ve entalpi transferlerini açıklamaya yardımcı olur. Enerji yok edilemezken
ekserji yok edilebilir. Ekserji bir sistemden elde edilebilecek maksimum teorik
iş olarak tanımlanır. Diğer taraftan ekserji analizi termodinamiğin ikinci
yasasına dayanır. Termodinamiğin ikinci kanunu enerjinin niteliği ile
alakalıdır. Bir sistemin kullanılabilirliği ekserji analizi ile belirlenebilir.
Bir sistemin termodinamik detaylarının belirlenmesi istenildiğinde hem enerji,
hem de ekserji analizi yapılmalıdır.

Ekserji ve enerji analizleri çeşitli alanlara
uygulanabilir. Ekserji analizi, içten yanmalı motorlar konusunda önemli bir rol
oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada enerji ve ekserji analizi yapabilen bir programın
tanıtımı ve yapısı gösterilmiştir. Program sayesinde hızlı ve güvenilir
sonuçlar elde edilebilecektir.
Social Inclusion as Freedom for Persons Living with Mental Illness
Authors: Montgomery Phyllis , Wuest Amy , Forchuk Cheryl , Smith-Carrier Tracy , Jeng (Mo) Momodou S. , Rudnick Abraham (Rami)
Published: August 2019

This study describes the meaning of social inclusion to persons living with mental illness and poverty. Participants were recruited from health and social services where they completed the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ). From this sample, 46 participants attended one of three focus groups that corresponded with their self-reported CIQ scores. Thematic analysis showed that regardless of their CIQ scores, participants described freedom as both a liberating process for, and outcome of, social inclusion; freedom allows for the accumulation of health and social capital commensurate with one’s complex needs, and freedom represents success in the construction life surrounded by affirming others.
Définitions et conséquences des troubles de santé mentale : Une analyse qualitative des représentations des migrants et migrantes de l’Afrique subsaharienne à Winnipeg
Authors: Levesque Annabel , Rocque Rhéa
Published: August 2019

L’objectif de l’étude était d’explorer la façon dont les migrants et migrantes de l’Afrique subsaharienne définissent les troubles mentaux ainsi que les conséquences qu’ils y associent. Un total de 50 personnes ont participé à une entrevue individuelle. Alors que certaines personnes définissent les troubles mentaux à travers le concept de folie dont les principaux symptômes sont de nature comportementale et cognitive, d’autres adhèrent à une conception plus large qui englobe des troubles de nature affective et relationnelle. En retour, les troubles mentaux peuvent menacer les projets de vie, la santé et la sécurité physique de la personne atteinte et peuvent avoir des retombés sur ses relations interpersonnelles et sur la société en général. Les implications pour la pratique des professionnels sont discutées.
Logging and Lithostratigraphic Study of the Cenomanian-Santonian Reservoirs of Four Oil Wells MSP1, MSP2, MSP3 and MSP4 of the Margin of San-Pedro (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: René Bié Goha , Kouadio Gbangbot Jean-Michel , Jean-Paul Diangone Eric, Yao N’Goran , Bruno Digbéhi Zéli
Published: August 2019

The logging and petrophysical study of four oil wells, MSP1, MSP2, MSP3 and MSP4 from San-Pedro margin of the Ivorian sedimentary basin has made it possible to evaluate the reservoir characteristics of the Cenomanian-Santonian age formations. Lithostratigraphically, this study has shown that this interval consists of clay and sandstone deposits interspersed with frequent past carbonate.

At the logging, ten (10) sandstone reservoirs are highlighted with effective porosities ranging from 16% to 21% and permeabilities from 100 mD to 1100 mD (millidarcy).

These reservoirs have very good petrophysical characteristics however their high water saturation show that they are rather aquifers. The various log gamma ray profiles of the intervals considered highlight a fluvial and marine deposition environment. Sedimentation would have started in a Cenomanian-type fluvial environment and would have continued in a marine environment marked by the accumulation of sandstone and clay under the influence of transgression and regression phases in the Turonian and Lower Senonian.
Theoretical Insight into Preferential Interaction Issues and Solution Structure, and Contentious Apparent Hydrated Molar Volume of Cosolute
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu Iloh , Onigbinde Abraham Olalere
Published: August 2019

Background: There seems to be a mathematical or a conceptual error in an equation whose substitution into other equations for the determination of an apparent hydrated molar volume (V1) of a cosolute leads to an incorrect answer.

Objectives: The objectives are 1) To show theoretically that the preferential interaction parameter (PIP) is an extensive thermodynamic quantity, 2) rederive new equations and reexamine various equations related to solution structure, 3) apply derived equation for the determination of V1, and 4) determine m-values and cognate preferential interaction parameter (PIP).

Methods: The research is mainly theoretical and partly experimental. Bernfeld method of enzyme assay was adopted for the generation of data.

Results and Discussion: The investigation showed that equation linking chemical potential of osmolyte to solution structure is dimensionally invalid; PIP was seen as a thermodynamically extensive quantity. Equations for the graphical determination of V1 of the osmolyte were derived. With ethanol alone, there were  - m-value and + PIP; with aspirin alone, there were  + m-value and - PIP. There was a change in sign in m-value with sucrose and ethanol/aspirin mixture, and a change in sign in PIP when the latter is taken as function of [ethanol]/[aspirin] and [sucrose](c3).

Conclusion: A solution structure is as usual determined by either a relative excess or a deficit of the solution component either in the bulk or around the macromolecular surface domain; the PIP remains thermodynamically an extensive quantity. To be valid there is a need to introduce a reference standard molar concentration or activity to some equations in literature. The slope   from one of the equations seems to give a valid value for V1 (V1 is «1;  is activity coefficient). A known destabiliser may behave as a stabiliser being excluded. Like ethanol, aspirin as cosolute is destabilising and opposed by sucrose.
Rosenzweig-Macaurther Model with Holling type II Predator Functional Response for Constant Delayed Migration
Authors: Samuel Apima B. , George Lawi O. , Kagendo Nthiiri J.
Published: August 2019

Predator-prey models describe the interaction between two species, the prey which serves as a food source to the predator. The migration of the prey for safety reasons after a predator attack and the predator in search of food, from a patch to another may not be instantaneous. In this paper, a Rosenzweig-MacAurther model with a Holling-type II predator functional response and time delay in the migration of both species is developed and analysed. Stability analysis of the system shows that depending on the prey growth and prey migration rates either both species go to extinction or co-exist. Numerical simulations show that a longer delay in the migration of the species leads makes the model to stabilize at a slower rate compared to when the delay is shorter. Relevant agencies likethe Kenya Wildlife Service should address factors that slow down migration of species, for example, destruction of natural habitats for human settlement and activities, which may cause delay in migration.
The Emerging Focus on Pharmacogenomics
Authors: Edeki Charles
Published: August 2019

Drugs are designed to treat medical conditions for the general population. Idiosyncratic reactions to drugs are determined by the individual’s respective genetic variations that direct effectiveness and side effects. Adverse drug reactions rank within the top ten leading causes of death in the developed world. The field of pharmacogenomics has advanced in the last fifty years, picking up significant momentum with recent biotechnological developments that allow scientists to investigate the human genome and provide individualized drug therapy that will increase the efficacy of drugs and decrease the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics has reached a milestone in making personalized medicine accessible and effective. The medical community shares this responsibility for the emerging focus on pharmacogenomics with regulatory agencies and bioinformatics specialists as they struggle to streamline vast libraries of information and reconcile public and regulatory approval on this critical path to the next level of health care.
Antitumor Potential of Antimicrobials: An Anticipated Armour for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zehra Dabeeran , Memon Zahida , Moin Kauser , Usman Shumaila , Zafar Urooj , Zahid Nisha
Published: August 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma also known as hepatoma is considered as the most common type of primary liver malignancy and is the leading cause of death worldwide. The incidence and mortality is still on the rise despite the drastic progress in early screening tools and new advancements in diagnosis and treatment. For the patients presenting with advanced disease, Sorafenib is the only approved drug, however the treatment outcome of metastatic cancer is still unsatisfactory with median overall survival below 15 months. Over the past few years great progress has been achieved in anticancer therapy, but development of resistance and unavoidable side effects have weakened these attainments. Keeping in view this stern condition, a number of drugs with novel antitumor mechanisms are under investigations including antimicrobials which have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects. In this regard, both conventional and novel antimicrobials are being studied to explore their anticancer potential along with underlying mechanisms which may render them as effective anticancer drugs in near future. Moreover, the new approach of drug repurposing is also being encouraged especially in cancers in order to reduce cost and limit adverse effects. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive landscape of current information on anti-tumor evidence in support of certain compounds with well-known antimicrobial activities, against HCC based on relevant literature search on different HCC cell lines.
Growing Human Dermal Fibroblasts as Spheroids Renders Them Susceptible for Early Expression of Pluripotency Genes
Authors: Lo Lok Man , Raghunath Michael , Lee Kenneth K. H.
Published: August 2019

Suspension spheroid cultures of anchorage‐dependent cell types have been widely used in cancer and stem cell research, as well as for producing organoids. It is believed that the 3‐dimensional spheroid presents cells with a more physiological microenvironment to grow so that they behave more like cells in vivo, which is lacking in conventional 2‐dimensional monolayer cultures. Recently, it has been reported that cancer cells grown as spheroids could express stem cell‐associated genes. Hence, it is investigated whether normal mouse and human fibroblasts cultured as spheroids could also be induced to express stem cell‐associated genes. The transcriptomes of human fibroblasts cultured as a monolayer and spheroids are compared and analyzed using real‐time RT‐qPCR, RNA‐sequencing, and bioinformatics. The results reveal that the spheroid transcriptome resemble somatic cells being reprogramed into stem cells, including the induced expression of stemness‐associated genes, increased expression of mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition‐associated genes, and decreased expression of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition‐associated genes. In this context, it is hypothesized that during the process of spheroid formation, matrix‐cell signaling is lost in favor of cell–cell contact signaling and that this subsequently increases the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway that then upregulates Tbdx3 and stemness‐associated genes.
Functional Macromolecule‐Enabled Colloidal Synthesis: From Nanoparticle Engineering to Multifunctionality
Authors: Lu Derong , Zhou Jiajing , Hou Shuai , Xiong Qirong , Chen Yonghao , Pu Kanyi , Ren Jinghua , Duan Hongwei
Published: August 2019

The synthesis of well‐defined inorganic colloidal nanostructures using functional macromolecules is an enabling technology that offers the possibility of fine‐tuning the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and has contributed to a broad range of practical applications. The utilization of functional reactive polymers and their colloidal assemblies leads to a high level of control over structural parameters of inorganic nanoparticles that are not easily accessible by conventional methods based on small‐molecule ligands. Recent advances in polymerization techniques for synthetic polymers and newly exploited functions of natural biomacromolecules have opened up new avenues to monodisperse and multifunctional nanostructures consisting of integrated components with distinct chemistries but complementary properties. Here, the evolution of colloidal synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles is revisited. Then, the new developments of colloidal synthesis enabled by functional macromolecules and practical applications associated with the resulting optical, catalytic, and structural properties of colloidal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, a perspective on new and promising pathways to novel colloidal nanostructures built upon the continuous development of polymer chemistry, colloidal science, and nanochemistry is provided.
Synergistic Strengthening and Toughening the Interphase of Composites by Constructing Alternating “Rigid‐and‐Soft” Structure on Carbon Fiber Surface
Authors: Wu Qing , Wan Qinqin , Liu Qianli , He Jinqian , Zhao Ruyi , Yang Xin , Wang Fen , Guo Jiang , Zhu Jianfeng
Published: August 2019

Interphase with nacre‐like structured multilayer is constructed by alternatively depositing two polymers, respectively “rigid” polydopamine (PDA) and “flexible” polyether amine, on carbon fiber surface via the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) approach. The optimal interfacial strength and toughness are achieved for composites with three layers of PDA/polyether amine, respectively, 39.2% and 99.8% superior to the untreated fiber composites. The outstanding mechanical properties are mainly ascribed to the synergistic interactions of covalent bond, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking among fiber, multilayer, and matrix by transferring stress and bridging cracks, as well as the alternating “rigid and flexible” structure of interphase by deflecting crack path and inducing plastic deformation and viscoplastic energy dissipation. This work opens a new, feasible, and easy scalable avenue for constructing integrated high‐performance fiber composites.
Novel dominant KATP channel mutations in infants with congenital hyperinsulinism: Validation by in vitro expression studies and in vivo carrier phenotyping
Authors: Boodhansingh Kara E. , Kandasamy Balamurugan , Mitteer Lauren , Givler Stephanie , De Leon Diva D. , Shyng Show‐Ling , Ganguly Arupa , Stanley Charles A.
Published: August 2019

Inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the two subunits of the pancreatic beta‐cell KATP channel, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, are the most common finding in children with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI). Interpreting novel missense variants in these genes is problematic, because they can be either dominant or recessive mutations, benign polymorphisms, or diabetes mutations. This report describes six novel missense variants in ABCC8 and KCNJ11 that were identified in 11 probands with congenital HI. One of the three ABCC8 mutations (p.Ala1458Thr) and all three KCNJ11 mutations were associated with responsiveness to diazoxide. Sixteen family members carried the ABCC8 or KCNJ11 mutations; only two had hypoglycemia detected at birth and four others reported symptoms of hypoglycemia. Phenotype testing of seven adult mutation carriers revealed abnormal protein‐induced hypoglycemia in all; fasting hypoketotic hypoglycemia was demonstrated in four of the seven. All of six mutations were confirmed to cause dominant pathogenic defects based on in vitro expression studies in COSm6 cells demonstrating normal trafficking, but reduced responses to MgADP and diazoxide. These results indicate a combination of in vitro and in vivo phenotype tests can be used to differentiate dominant from recessive KATP channel HI mutations and personalize management of children with congenital HI.
Tungsten‐Doped L10‐PtCo Ultrasmall Nanoparticles as a High‐Performance Fuel Cell Cathode
Authors: Liang Jiashun , Li Na , Zhao Zhonglong , Ma Liang , Wang Xiaoming , Li Shenzhou , Liu Xuan , Wang Tanyuan , Du Yaping , Lu Gang , Han Jiantao , Huang Yunhui , Su Dong , Li Qing
Published: August 2019

The commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) relies on highly active and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid media. The most successful catalysts for this reaction are nanostructured Pt‐alloy with a Pt‐skin. The synthesis of ultrasmall and ordered L10‐PtCo nanoparticle ORR catalysts further doped with a few percent of metals (W, Ga, Zn) is reported. Compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst, the L10‐W‐PtCo/C catalyst shows significant improvement in both initial activity and high‐temperature stability. The L10‐W‐PtCo/C catalyst achieves high activity and stability in the PEMFC after 50 000 voltage cycles at 80 °C, which is superior to the DOE 2020 targets. EXAFS analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that W doping not only stabilizes the ordered intermetallic structure, but also tunes the Pt‐Pt distances in such a way to optimize the binding energy between Pt and O intermediates on the surface.
Calcium‐Catalyzed Arene C−H Bond Activation by Low‐Valent AlI
Authors: Brand Steffen , Elsen Holger , Langer Jens , Grams Samuel , Harder Sjoerd
Published: August 2019

The low‐valent ß‐diketiminate complex (DIPPBDI)Al is stable in benzene but addition of catalytic quantities of [(DIPPBDI)CaH]2 at 20 °C led to (DIPPBDI)Al(Ph)H (DIPPBDI=CH[C(CH3)N‐DIPP]2, DIPP=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl). Similar Ca‐catalyzed C−H bond activation is demonstrated for toluene or p‐xylene. For toluene a remarkable selectivity for meta‐functionalization has been observed. Reaction of (DIPPBDI)Al(m‐tolyl)H with I2 gave m‐tolyl iodide, H2 and (DIPPBDI)AlI2 which was recycled to (DIPPBDI)Al. Attempts to catalyze this reaction with Mg or Zn hydride catalysts failed. Instead, the highly stable complexes (DIPPBDI)Al(H)M(DIPPBDI) (M=Mg, Zn) were formed. DFT calculations on the Ca hydride catalyzed arene alumination suggest that a similar but more loosely bound complex is formed: (DIPPBDI)Al(H)Ca(DIPPBDI). This is in equilibrium with the hydride bridged complex (DIPPBDI)Al(μ‐H)Ca(DIPPBDI) which shows strongly increased electron density at Al. The combination of Ca‐arene bonding and a highly nucleophilic Al center are key to facile C−H bond activation.
Dimetallapoly‐yn‐diylidynes: LnM≡C−(C≡C)x−C≡MLn (x=0–4)
Authors: Hill Anthony F. , Manzano Richard A.
Published: August 2019

Synthetic routes to dimetallated Cx carbon wires in which two metals are separated by a linear carbon chain involving terminal metal–carbon triple bonds are described for the complexes [(Tp*)(CO)2W≡C−(C≡C)n−C≡W(CO)2(Tp*)] (Tp*=hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) where n=1, 3 or 4, joining the previously known examples with n=0, 1 and 2 to complete the series as models for linear carbyne C∞.
Scalable Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Aryl C−H Phosphorylation Enabled by Anodic Oxidation Induced Reductive Elimination
Authors: Wu Zheng‐Jian , Su Feng , Lin Weidong , Song Jinshuai , Wen Ting‐Bin , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Xu Hai‐Chao
Published: August 2019

Transition metal catalyzed C−H phosphorylation remains an unsolved challenge. Reported methods are generally limited in scope and require stoichiometric silver salts as oxidants. Reported here is an electrochemically driven RhIII‐catalyzed aryl C−H phosphorylation reaction that proceeds through H2 evolution, obviating the need for stoichiometric metal oxidants. The method is compatible with a variety of aryl C−H and P−H coupling partners and particularly useful for synthesizing triarylphosphine oxides from diarylphosphine oxides, which are often difficult coupling partners for transition metal catalyzed C−H phosphorylation reactions. Experimental results suggest that the mechanism responsible for the C−P bond formation involves an oxidation‐induced reductive elimination process.
Snapshots of a Migrating H‐Atom: Characterization of a Reactive Iron(III) Indenide Hydride and its Nearly Isoenergetic Ring‐Protonated Iron(I) Isomer
Authors: Drover Marcus W. , Schild Dirk J. , Oyala Paul H. , Peters Jonas C.
Published: August 2019

We report the characterization of an S=
iron π‐complex, [Fe(η6‐IndH)(depe)]+ (Ind=Indenide (C9H7−), depe=1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane), which results via C−H elimination from a transient FeIII hydride, [Fe(η3:η2‐Ind)(depe)H]+. Owing to weak M−H/C−H bonds, these species appear to undergo proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) to release H2 through bimolecular recombination. Mechanistic information, gained from stoichiometric as well as computational studies, reveal the open‐shell π‐arene complex to have a BDFEC‐H value of ≈50 kcal mol−1, roughly equal to the BDFEFe‐H of its FeIII−H precursor (ΔG°≈0 between them). Markedly, this reactivity differs from related Fe(η5‐Cp/Cp*) compounds, for which terminal FeIII−H cations are isolable and have been structurally characterized, highlighting the effect of a benzannulated ring (indene). Overall, this study provides a structural, thermochemical, and mechanistic foundation for the characterization of indenide/indene PCET precursors and outlines a valuable approach for the differentiation of a ring‐ versus a metal‐bound H‐atom by way of continuous‐wave (CW) and pulse EPR (HYSCORE) spectroscopic measurements.
Novel organotin (IV) complexes derived from 4,4′‐oxybisbenzoic acid: synthesis, structure, in vitro cytostatic activity and binding interaction with BSA
Authors: Du Xiumei , Wang Shuo , Zhang Rufen , Li Qianli , Li Yongxin , Ma Chunlin
Published: August 2019

Six novel organotin (IV) complexes, [(Me3Sn)2(H2O)2L] (1), [(R3Sn)2L]n (R = Me 2, R = n‐Bu 3), [(Ph3Sn)2L] (4), [Me2SnL]n (5), [(Me2Sn)2L(μ3‐O)]n (6) have been designed and synthesized by the reactions of 4,4′‐oxybisbenzoic acid (H2L) and triorganotin (IV) chloride or oxide. All the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, NMR, ESI‐Mass, PXRD and X‐ray crystallography. The single crystal diffraction reveals that complexes 1 and 4 represent dinuclear tin monomers. Complexes 2 and 3 display 2D network structure and 2D corrugated framework respectively, which both contain tetranuclear 36‐membered macrocycles. Furthermore, 2D structures are linked into a 3D supramolecular structures through intermolecular C‐H···π interactions. Complex 5 shows 1D infinite helical chain and further constructs 3D ladder supramolecular architecture through additional Sn···O and C‐H···O intermolecular interactions. Complex 6 displays 1D infinite polymeric chain containing 28‐membered macrocyclic ring. Preliminarily in vitro cytostatic activity studies on cervical carcinoma cell lines (HeLa) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG‐2) by MTT assay for some complexes reveal that complexes 3 and 4 exhibit high cytostatic activity. Further, complexes 3 and 4 were selected to investigate interactions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by fluorescence quenching spectra and synchronous fluorescence spectra, which indicates that the complexes could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA in a static quenching process.
Surgical Specimen Management in the Preanalytic Phase: Perioperative Nursing Implications
Authors: Kinlaw Tabitha S. , Whiteside Dawn
Published: August 2019

Surgical specimen management is an important responsibility of perioperative nurses and is essential to the provision of safe, quality patient care. Errors related to surgical specimen management can lead to a variety of negative consequences for patients and personnel. Unfortunately, surgical specimen management errors can and do occur, particularly during the preanalytic phase, and thus are a major perioperative patient safety concern. The overall management process for various surgical specimens is essentially the same, requiring a multifaceted, multidisciplinary, standardized method that includes specimen identification, labeling, collection, handling, transferring, containing, and transporting. For perioperative nurses to advocate for their patients and help ensure effective surgical specimen management, effective communication among care team members is imperative, along with a culture of safety that focuses on the minimization of distractions and an increased awareness of opportunities for errors.
Application of H2 and CO2 addition in driver section on shock tube ignition delay measurement
Authors: Xiong XiaoHe , Tan Houzhang , Ding YanJun , Peng ZhiMin
Published: August 2019

Shock tube is an effective tool to study the reaction dynamic. As a key parameter, the accuracy measurement of ignition delay time depends on the pressure plateau sustained time. Helium is the most frequently used as driver gas in the shock tube related study. To seek a wider scope of driver gas, H2 was attempted in this paper. The driver capability of H2 and He was compared by theory analysis and experiment, respectively. In addition, to acquire a longer test time, H2/CO2 as driver gas was adopted to test the tailoring condition. Using a 1‐D ideal shock tube assumption, the driver gas tailoring curve is calculated. Results show that the driver capability of H2 is obviously stronger than that of He gas and H2/CO2 group driver gas performs as well as He/N2 group driver gas. The pressure plateau sustained time can extend to 11 ms under tailoring condition by H2/CO2 mixture driving. Furthermore, the comparison of H2‐based and He‐based driver gas models shows no obvious impact on ignition delay measurement. Hence, using H2 as driver gas is more economic because of its cheaper price than He, and it can reduce the experiment risk because of the relative lower diaphragm burst pressure. However, the adverse result is that the vacuum time turns more than one third longer compared with non‐H2 driving mode.