bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIDRÓLISE DE SORO DE LEITE OVINO DIFILTRADO PELA ENZIMA COROLASE H-PH E AVALIAÇÃO DA GERAÇÃO DE PEPTÍDEOS BIOATIVOS
Authors: Steffens Juliana , Preci Daiane , Nunes Mateus Baptista , Fernandes Ilizandra Aparecida , Seguenka Bruna , Valduga Eunice , Steffens Clarice
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter um diafiltrado de soro de leite ovino e avaliar o efeito da temperatura e do pH na atividade enzimática da protease corolase H-pH. Também investigou-se o grau de hidrólise da protease (corolase H-pH) em diferentes tempos (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 h) e também a massa molecular média e comprimento médio da cadeia peptídica das amostras. O pH e a temperatura influenciaram significativamente a atividade enzimática, sendo indicado o pH 8 e a temperatura de 60°C. O hidrolisado em 1 h de reação apresentou o maior número de péptidos em intervalo de 300 a 500 m/z (23,28%). Também foi encontrado maiores percentuais de peptídeos na faixa de 4.000 m/z (13,77%) e 5.000 m/z (4,59%) em com o tempo de 5 h de hidrólise que apresentou valores de 11.99 e 1.75%, respectivamente. Além disso, os péptidos ≥12.000 m/z foram reduzidos em 49,04% em tempo de hidrólise de 5 h. Nas faixas mencionadas, o número de peptídeos foi superior em 1 h de hidrólise e poderiam estar relacionados ao destaque frente as propriedades bioativas como atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana. As diferenças na distribuição do número de peptídeos em toda faixa investigada (300 – 20.000 m/z) em MALDI-TOF, foi alterada com o tempo de hidrólise, o que pode ter contribuído para degradação das sequências péptidas ativas das moléculas. O concentrado proteico de soro de leite ovino diafiltrado (solução 10% (p/v) em 60°C, pH 8,0) hidrolisado com enzima corolase H-pH (1% baseado no conteúdo proteico) em 1 h de reação, é recomendado como ideal para a obtenção de peptídeos.
A CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE ÓXIDO DE GRAFENO PREPARADOS PELO MÉTODO DE HUMMERS MODIFICADO
Authors: C. Dias Gabriel , S.P. Cellet Thelma , C. Santos Mirian , L. Carvalho Cláudio , F. Malmonge Luiz
Published: January 2020

O desenvolvimento de metodologias para obtenção do oxido de grafeno a partir do grafite tem movimentando ainda boa parte das pesquisas., justamente pelos materiais em nanoescala possuírem grande potencial para aplicações como adsorventes no tratamento de efluentes contaminados com contaminantes emergentes, sendo está uma preocupação atual. Neste trabalho apresenta-se a síntese modificada via método Hummers de óxido de grafeno a partir do grafite em pó obtido comercialmente. A caracterização morfológica do material preparado ocorreu por meio da Difração de Raios X, FTIR e Espectrometria RAMAN, além de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e de Transmissão. Os resultados evidenciam a formação de um nanomaterial com alto grau de oxidação e esfoliação, validando a rota de síntese utilizada evidenciando característica morfológicas do material como esperado na literatura.
IL SIGNORE DELLE PAROLE. LA LINGUA DEL ROMANZO IL FUOCO DI GABRIELE Dâ€™ANNUNZIO
Authors: Vitale Maurizio
Published: January 2020

The following article deeply examines the linguistic and stylistic forms of the novel â€œIl Fuocoâ€. The analysis of such forms bears witness to the presence, in a language unusually rich and varied besides a style full of figures of speech, of polished and old-fashioned expressions, which characterize the high literary tone and the expressive grandeur of Dâ€™Annunzio â€œking of the wordsâ€.
â€œGENERAZIONIâ€ DI DIRITTI UMANI E DIRITTI UMANI DELLE GENERAZIONI FUTURE
Authors: Pocar Fausto
Published: January 2020

The classification of human rights in â€œgenerationsâ€, habitual in legal litterature, looks inappropriate in light of the consideration that human rights are inherent in human beings and do not depend on their recognition under the law, which is only relevant for their protection, as it clearly derives from the 1948 Universal Declaration. Furthermore, the Declaration refers to diffused rights of the so called third generation (right to peace, to development, to environment) under a provision on a social and international order, which leads to deny their nature as rights and to conclude that they should rather be qualified as duties aimed at ensuring the exercise of human rights. Finally, a diachronic reading of the universal nature of the Declaration implies that such duties comprise an international guarantee of human rights not only of the present, but also of future generations of human beings.
Six minute walking distance in kyphoscoliosis patients with chronic respiratory failure
Authors: Karakurt Zuhal , Güven Ayşem Öztin , Moçin Özlem Yazıcıoğlu , Karavelioğlu Yusuf , Güngör Gökay , Altınöz Hilal , Adıgüzel Nalan , Yarkın Tülay , Baran Reha
Published: January 2020

Aim: To evaluate kyphoscoliosis patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF) using the six minute walk test (6MWT) distance (6MWD) and cardio-pulmonary function tests. Method: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary training and research hospital in Turkey. Kyphoscoliosis patients with CHRF on home mechanical ventilation (HMV) followed in a respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) out-patient clinic were enrolled. Patients’ demographics were recorded as well as transthoracic echocardiography (ECHO), 6MWD, spirometry, arterial blood gas (ABG) values and high resolution chest computed tomography. 6MWT results were compared with other parameters. Results: Thirty four patients with kyphoscoliosis and chronic respiratory insufficiency admitted to our outpatient clinic were included in the study but 25 (17 M) patients underwent 6MWT (8 patients walked with oxygen supplement due to PaO2 < 60 mm Hg). The mean 6MWD was 274.4 ± 76.2 (median 270) m and median 6MWD predicted rate was 43.7% (inter quartile ratio, IQR, 37.6% to 47.7%). Median HMV use was 3 years (IQR 2-4). 6MWD predicted rate, body mass index (BMI), HMV duration were similar in male and female patients. 6MWD correlated well with age, BMI, dyspnea score for baseline 6MWT (r: - 0.59, p < 0.002, r: - 0.58, p < 0.003, r: - 0.55, p < 0.005 respectively) but modestly with forced expiratory volume in one second, pulse rate for baseline 6MWT, pulse saturation rate, fatigue and dyspnea score at end of 6MWT (r: - 0.44, p < 0.048; r: 0.44, p < 0.027; r: - 0.43, p < 0.031; r: - 0.42, p < 0.036; r: - 0.42, p < 0.034 respectively). 6MWD predicted rate was only correlated with dyspnea score at baseline (r: - 0.46, p < 0.022). The systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPs) in 6 (24%) cases was more than 40mmHg, in whom mean PaO2/FiO2 was 301.4 ± 55.4 compared to 280.9 ± 50.2 in those with normal PAPs (p > 0.40). Conclusion: The 6MWT is an easy way to evaluate physical performance limitation in kyphoscoliosis patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure using home mechanical ventilation. Nearly 275 m was the mean distance walked in the 6MWT, but rather than distance in meters, the 6MWD predicted rate according to gender and body mass index equation might be a better way for deciding about physical performance of these patients. Dyspnea score at baseline before the 6MWT may be the most important point that affects 6MWD in this patient population.
Critical tasks in action: the role of the teacher in the implementation of tasks designed from a critical perspective
Authors: Da Silva Leonardo
Published: January 2020

Based on the premise that teaching is a political act and that it is thus necessary to engage additional language students in the process of both linguistic and critical development (Crookes, 2013), this study aims at investigating the role of the teacher during the implementation of a cycle of tasks designed from the perspectives of the Task-based Approach (Ellis, 2003) and of Critical Pedagogy (Freire, 1996). According to Breen (2009), a task can be understood as a workplan which is modified and reinterpreted during its implementation. Samuda (2009) argues that one of the central roles of the teacher in task-based language teaching is to guide students in language processing so as to cater for linguistic development. In this sense, it is important to investigate the task as a process, that is, the strategies adopted by the teacher while implementing the task as a workplan. In order to do so, this study focuses on the reflexive diaries of the teacher-researcher, in which he describes and reflects upon the implementation of a critical cycle of tasks designed for a group of high school students in a Brazilian context. From the thematic analysis of the diaries, the theme ‘strategies’ could be identified, which demonstrates decisions that were taken by the teacher-researcher during implementation so as to: a) guarantee that the critical objective of the task would be met, b) guide the students’ attention to a specific topic (such as focus on form or the critical topic at hand), c) overcome technical and material difficulties and d) facilitate students’ learning process. The complexity involved in the implementation process of tasks designed from a critical perspective suggests the need for teachers to develop their critical reflexive skills in order to be able to make decisions that will be adequate for each specific educational context.
A conceptual approach to the –ING construction: aspects of radiality and subjectification
Authors: ALMEIDA SANDRA APARECIDA FARIA DE , Ulloa Iván de Jesús Davis
Published: January 2020

The –ING construction has a number of uses in the English language and teaching it to speakers of other languages poses some challenges, as learners tend to interpret the construction as a verbal one, in the progressive aspect, which is only one part of the picture. Bearing this in mind, we have developed a corpus-based research into the form-meaning/function pairing (Goldberg, 1995, 2006) of the construction, relying on Construction Grammar (Fillmore; Kay, 1999; Goldberg, 1995, 2006) and Cognitive Grammar (Langacker, 1987, 1990, 1991, 2008), apart from a semantic approach to the –ING construction (Wierzbicka, 1988), essential for describing the –ING construction from a conceptual perspective within the wide-ranging scope of Cognitive Linguistics (Geeraerts, 2006), which also included Prototype Theory (Rosch, 1973) and Radial Categories (Brugman, 1981; Lakoff, 1987). In regard to methodology, we have taken both a quantitative and qualitative approach to data (Cook; Reichardt, 1979; Richardson, 1985; Creswell, 2010) compiled from an English/Spanish parallel corpus of 1199 verbal –ING occurrences. Our main hypothesis is that the –ING construction, in its verbal function, is more central or prototypical (Rosch, 1973; Brugman, 1981; Lakoff, 1987; Langacker, 2008) in respect to its conceptual network and its other functions, namely nominal, adjectival and adverbial. These functions, in turn, exhibit a more peripheral role and are linked to the verbal function through metaphorical extension relationships (Goldberg, 1995, 2006). By performing a corpus-based analysis of the data (Berber-Sardinha, 2002, 2004) we finally argue that there is a radial organisation (Brugman, 1981; Lakoff,  1987) for the –ING construction, which goes from a more concrete level, being this more situated or grounded and thus more objectified (as a “here and now process”), until it gets to a more abstract level, therefore, less situated and more subjectified (taken as a “thing”).
Rs1894720 polymorphism is associated with the risk of age-related cataract by regulating the proliferation of epithelial cells in the lens via the signalling pathway of MIAT/miR-26b/BCL2L2
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Wenjia , Ke Hongqin , Wang Yingting , Duan Cong , Zhu Qin , Liu Hai
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Cataracts caused by old age are one of the most frequent causes for blindness and poor vision worldwide. In this study, we aimed to clarify the possible role of rs1894720 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract.

Material and methods

Rs1894720 polymorphism genotype was detected by TaqMan. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assay, real-time PCR, western blot, and protein density analysis were conducted to establish the correlations between MIAT and miR-26b as well as between BCL2L2 and miR-26b. Flow cytometry and MTT assay were also performed to observe the effect of MIAT/miR-26b/BCL2L2 signalling pathway on the status of cell apoptosis and viability.

Results

MIAT functioned as an endogenous competing RNA to sponge miR-26b. In addition, BCL2L2 was identified as a target of miR-26b. Therefore, the expression of miR-26b was obviously suppressed by MIAT or anti-miR-26b, while the mRNA and protein expression of BCL2L2 was up-regulated in the presence of MIAT or anti-miR-26b. Moreover, the positive effect of MIAT on BCL2L2 expression was exerted via inhibition of the expression of miR-26b. In addition, the cells transfected with MIAT or anti-miR-26b showed suppressed expression of caspase-3 and reduced apoptosis index but higher cell viability, indicating that MIAT could suppress cell apoptosis via inhibition of miR-26b expression. Furthermore, the subjects carrying the GT and TT genotypes of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1894720 were associated with a higher risk of age-related cataracts, as indicated by their odds ratio (OR) and p values.

Conclusions

Rs1894720 SNP could down-regulate the expression of MIAT, thus leading to reduced BCL2L2 expression and enhanced epithelial cell apoptosis in the lens, eventually increasing the incidence of age-related cata­ract.
Erectile dysfunction in testicular cancer survivors: a meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Xiong Jian , Zhang Jianzhong , Cai Zhonglin , Ma Chengquan , Li Hongjun
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Testicular cancer (TC) is the most frequent cancer among men aged 14–44 years. The risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) in TC patients varied within a wide range across different studies. This study aims to estimate the risk of ED in TC patients by conducting a meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Material and methods

Relevant studies were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library up to June 2019. Case-control studies that reported the incidence of ED in TC patients were included.

Results

A total of 8 studies involving 2060 TC patients and 2651 healthy men were included. All the TC patients underwent unilateral orchiectomy; other treatment modalities were also conducted if necessary. ED occurred in 16.9% (348/2060) of TC patients and 9.4% (251/2651) of healthy men. Compared with healthy men, TC patients experienced a significantly increased risk of ED (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.56–3.67). Substantial heterogeneity was observed. In addition, subgroup analysis revealed that the risk (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 2.45–5.78) for ED in TC patients with follow-up < 5 years was significantly higher than that (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.10–3.67) with follow-up ≥ 5 years. Heterogeneity was improved after subgroup analysis.

Conclusions

TC patients experienced an increased risk for ED compared with healthy men. The long-term risk for ED in TC patients was lower than the short-term risk.
Effect of TOP2A and ERCC1 gene polymorphisms on the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin and etoposide-based chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Nicoś Marcin , Rolska-Kopińska Anna , Krawczyk Paweł , Grenda Anna , Bożyk Aleksandra , Szczyrek Michał , Milanowski Janusz
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The main treatment regimen for small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
involves platinum-based chemotherapy (cisplatin or carboplatin) and etoposide.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TOP2A and ERCC1 genes
were tested as prognostic and predictive factors in non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). There are limited data about the clinical relevance of these genetic
alterations in SCLC. We undertook this retrospective study to determine
the influence of SNPs in TOP2A (rs34300454; rs13695; rs11540720) and ERCC1
(rs11615; rs3212986) genes on the efficiency and toxicity of chemotherapy
with platinum and etoposide in SCLC Caucasian patients.

Material and methods

The studied group included 103 Caucasian SCLC
patients (65 male, 38 female, median age 65 ±7.5 years). Detailed clinicaldemographical
data were collected and response to treatment was monitored.
DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes using QIAamp DNA
Mini Kit. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed using TaqMan hydrolyzing
probes in real-time PCR technique on an Eco Illumina device.

Results

Patients with C/C genotype in rs13695 of the TOP2A gene had significantly
lower risk of neutropenia during chemotherapy than C/T heterozygous
patients (p = 0.02, χ² = 5.51, OR = 2.676, 95% CI: 1.165–6.143). Patients harbouring
homozygous C/C genotype in rs3212986 of the ERCC1 gene had significantly
higher risk of anaemia during chemotherapy, than heterozygous C/A
patients (p = 0.045, χ² = 4.01, OR = 0.417, 95% CI: 0.175–0.991). Furthermore,
heterozygous G/A genotype in rs11615 of the ERCC1 gene was associated
with significant shortening of OS (9 vs. 12 months) compared to homozygous
A/A genotype (p = 0.01, χ² = 6.31, HR = 1.657, 95% CI: 1.0710–2.5633).

Conclusions

SNPs in ERCC1 and TOP2 genes may be associated with the toxicities
and survival of SCLC patients treated with cisplatin and etoposide.
Quantifying uncertainties of climate signals related to the 11–year solar cycle. Part I: Annual mean response in heating rates,temperature and ozone
Authors: Kunze Markus , Kruschke Tim , Langematz Ulrike , Sinnhuber Miriam , Reddmann Thomas , Matthes Katja
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Variations of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) with the 11-year sunspot cycle have been shown to have a significant impact on temperatures and the mixing ratios of atmospheric constituents in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Uncertainties in modelling the effects of SSI variations arise from uncertainties in the empirical models reconstructing the prescribed SSI data set as well as from uncertainties in the chemistry-climate model (CCM) formulation. In this study CCM simulations with the ECHAM MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model and the Community Earth System Model 1 (CESM1) – Whole Atmosphere Chemistry Climate Model (WACCM) have been performed to quantify the uncertainties of the solar responses in chemistry and dynamics that are due to the usage of five different SSI data sets or the two CCMs. We apply a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to separate the influence of the SSI data sets and the CCMs on the variability of the solar response in shortwave heating rates, temperature and ozone. The ANOVA identifies the SSI data set with the strongest influence on the variability of the solar signal in shortwave heating rates in the upper mesosphere and in the upper stratosphere/lower mesosphere. The strongest influence on the variability of the solar signal in ozone and temperature is identified in the upper stratosphere/lower mesosphere. The largest influence of the CCMs on variability of the solar responses can be identified in the upper mesosphere. The solar response in the lower stratosphere also depends on the CCM used, especially in the tropics and northern hemispheric subtropics and mid latitudes, where the model dynamics modulate the solar responses.
Physical drivers of the nitrate seasonal variability in the Atlantic cold tongue
Authors: Radenac Marie-Hélène , Jouanno Julien , Tchamabi Christine Carine , Awo Mesmin , Bourlès Bernard , Arnault Sabine , Aumont Olivier
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Ocean color observations show semiannual variations in
chlorophyll in the Atlantic cold tongue with a main bloom in boreal summer
and a secondary bloom in December. In this study, ocean color and in situ
measurements and a coupled physical–biogeochemical model are used to
investigate the processes that drive this variability. Results show that the
main phytoplankton bloom in July–August is driven by a strong vertical
supply of nitrate in May–July, and the secondary bloom in December is driven
by a shorter and moderate supply in November. The upper ocean nitrate
balance is analyzed and shows that vertical advection controls the nitrate
input in the equatorial euphotic layer and that vertical diffusion and
meridional advection are key in extending and shaping the bloom off Equator.
Below the mixed layer, observations and modeling show that the Equatorial
Undercurrent brings low-nitrate water (relative to off-equatorial
surrounding waters) but still rich enough to enhance the cold tongue
productivity. Our results also give insights into the influence of
intraseasonal processes in these exchanges. The submonthly meridional
advection significantly contributes to the nitrate decrease below the mixed
layer.
Interactive impacts of meteorological and hydrological conditions on
the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system
Authors: Kerimoglu Onur , Voynova Yoana G. , Chegini Fatemeh , Brix Holger , Callies Ulrich , Hofmeister Richard , Klingbeil Knut , Schrum Corinna , van Beusekom Justus E. E.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The German Bight was exposed to record high riverine discharges in June 2013, as a result of flooding of the Elbe and Weser rivers. Several anomalous observations suggested that the hydrodynamical and the biogeochemical state of the system was impacted by this event. In this study, we developed a biogeochemical model and coupled it with a previously introduced high resolution hydrodynamical model of the southern North Sea, in order to better characterize these impacts, and gain insight into the underlying processes. Performance of the model was assessed using an extensive set of in-situ measurements for the period 2011–2014. We first improved the realism of the hydrodynamic model with regard to the representation of cross-shore gradients, mainly through inclusion of flow-dependent horizontal mixing. Among other characteristic features of the system, the coupled model system can reproduce the low salinities, high nutrient concentrations and low oxygen concentrations in the bottom layers observed within the German Bight following the flood event. Through a scenario analysis, we examined the sensitivity of the patterns observed during July 2013 to the hydrological and meteorological forcing in isolation. Within the region of freshwater influence (ROFI) of the Elbe-Weser rivers, the flood event clearly dominated the changes in salinity and nutrient concentrations, as expected. However, our findings point out to the relevance of the peculiarities in the meteorological conditions in 2013 as well: a combination of low wind speeds, warm air temperatures and cold bottom water temperatures resulted in a strong thermal stratification in the outer regions, and limited vertical nutrient transport to the surface layers. Within the central region, the thermal and haline dynamics interactively resulted in an intense density stratification. This intense stratification, in turn, led to enhanced primary production within the central region enriched by nutrients due to the flood, but reduction within the nutrient-limited outer region, and it caused a wide-spread oxygen depletion in bottom waters. Our results further point to the enhancement of the current velocities at the surface as a result of haline stratification, and intensification of the thermohaline estuarine-like circulation at the Wadden Sea, both driven by the flood event.
Taiwan Earth System Model Version 1: Description and Evaluation of Mean State
Authors: Lee Wei-Liang , Wang Yi-Chi , Shiu Chein-Jung , Tsai I-chun , Tu Chia-Ying , Lan Yung-Yao , Chen Jen-Ping , Pan Hau-Lu , Hsu Huang-Hsiung
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Taiwan Earth System Model (TaiESM) version 1 is developed based on Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2 of National Center for Atmospheric Research. Several innovated physical and chemical parameterizations, including trigger functions for deep convection, cloud macrophysics, aerosol, and three-dimensional radiation–topography interaction, as well as a one-dimensional mixed-layer model optional for the atmosphere component, are incorporated. The precipitation variability, such as diurnal cycle and propagation of convection systems, is improved in TaiESM. TaiESM demonstrates good model stability in the 500-year preindustrial simulation in terms of the net flux at the top of the model, surface temperatures, and sea ice concentration. In the historical simulation, although the warming before 1935 is weak, TaiESM well captures the increasing trend of temperature after 1950. The current climatology of TaiESM during 1979–2005 is evaluated by observational and reanalysis datasets. Cloud amounts are too large in TaiESM, but their cloud forcing is only slightly weaker than observational data. The mean bias of the sea surface temperature is almost zero, whereas the surface air temperatures over land and sea ice regions exhibit cold biases. The overall performance of TaiESM is above average among models in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, particularly that the bias of precipitation is smallest. However, several common discrepancies shared by most models still exist, such as the double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias in precipitation and warm bias over the Southern Ocean.
Exploring Reconciliatory Pedagogy and Its Possibilities through Educator-led Praxis
Authors: Poitras Pratt Yvonne , Danyluk Patricia J.
Published: January 2020

In the spirit of taking an action-based response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s (2015) Calls to Action and principles, a group of educators came together in 2016 to create a one-year graduate pathway program that sets students on paths toward reconciliation. By examining the contributions of international and national scholars who explore topics of reconciliation, we extend this global discussion with insights gained from our praxis-based approach in education. Inspired by Chung (2016), we present a model which identifies a set of entry points into the work of reconciliation: listening and learning from Indigenous peoples; walking with and learning from Indigenous peoples; and, working with and learning from Indigenous peoples. By examining what we have learned through our program “Indigenous education: A call to action,” our model posits that reconciliation is accessible to those who are willing to listen and learn, and, most importantly, take action.
Actitudes del estudiantado universitario sobre la felicidad: Un análisis descriptivo de sus factores
Authors: Mandepora Chundary Marcia , Galo Sacasa Yader , Sarango Macas Luis Fernando , Palechor Arévalo Libio , Callizaya Ojeda Benigno
Published: January 2020

Esta investigación ha identificado las actitudes del estudiantado universitario respecto con los factores asociados con la felicidad. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa sustentada en un diseño descriptivo con la participación de 237 estudiantes universitarios (59,5 % mujeres) de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense. Se aplicó una escala factorial que mide la felicidad, asociada a factores como sentido positivo de la vida; satisfacción con la vida; realización personal; y alegría de vivir. Resultado confirman que las actitudes del estudiantado sobre la felicidad son positivas (M=100,77; SD=16,07) con una confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach’s de 89,5%; en los factores asociados a la felicidad los estudiantes alcanzaron actitudes positivas en relación con la media teórica: sentido positivo de la vida (MT=33; M=42,10; SD=8,35); satisfacción con la vida(MT=18; M=23,02; SD=4,28); realización personal (MT=18; M=20,32; SD=4,40); y alegría de vivir (MT=12; M=15,31 SD=3,01). Se concluye que las actitudes hacia la felicidad y sus factores asociados esta presente en el ámbito educativo, por ello, es necesario el empoderamiento y el asesoramiento psicopedagógico de cara a la formación profesional del estudiantado.
Reseña del libro: Actitudes hacia las matemáticas en la resolución de problemas y su relación con la investigación propia
Authors: Olivar Molina Sabino Ariel
Published: January 2020

El libro sobre actitudes hacia las matemáticas en la resolución de problemas y su relación con la investigación propia trata de dinamizar los conceptos de emociones, creencias y actitudes, así como su relación con el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la resolución de problemas. Además, se presentan experiencias de investigación: (1) identificar las actitudes hacia las matemáticas y su relación con las variables género y etnia; y (2) creencias en la resolución de problemas matemáticos. El libro finaliza un referente teórico sobre metodologías de resolución de problemas para los procesos de investigación en educación matemática y sus didácticas para su fomento en la formación de profesores de matemática.
Ciudadanía del bienestar durante la crisis en España el caso de los hogares vulnerables
Authors: Martín Martín María Paz , Castro Pericacho Carlos de , Calderón Gómez Daniel
Published: January 2020

Las políticas de austeridad, como respuesta a la crisis económica de 2008, han debilitado la capacidad de las instituciones del Estado de bienestar para enfrentarse a la desigualdad y a la pobreza, especialmente en los países mediterráneos. Este artículo pretende examinar la experiencia cívica en relación al Estado de bienestar por parte de los hogares vulnerables en España. Tras analizar 24 entrevistas en profundidad de hogares en situaciones de dificultad en el contexto de la recesión, el artículo identifica tres marcos de interrelación cívica entre el Estado y los individuos: disciplinante, de la desconfianza y de la justicia. Estos marcos dan cuentan de los lugares semánticos y las formas de comprensión de las experiencias ciudadanas de los individuos de esos hogares, así como de los elementos que los conectan (o no) con los discursos hegemónicos de la recesión.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 12, No. 1
Authors: Chen William
Published: January 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2020
The Effect of Eight-Week Core Training Applied to High School Girls on Balance
Authors: Mustu Tufan , Esen H. Tolga
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to search core exercise’s affect which is done regulary with female students for 8 weeks on students’ balance programs. 20 volunteer female participants who were students of Osman Nuri Yalman High school (ten of them were experimental group and ten of them were control group) were included in the study. In the survey, experimental method with pretest-posttest desing was used. Core exercise was applied on experimental group three days a week during 8 weeks on the other hand no exercise was done with control group. SPSS (Ver.20) packet program was used while analyzing data statistically. Before the analysis, normality distribution was determined by being used skewness-kurtosis and hitogram and significance level was controlled according to the greenhouse-geisser and two-way repeated measures of anova values. According to the results of the survey, significant difference was found between two groups’ pre-test–post-test balance values (F(2.69, 48.36) = 42.25, p < .05). The post-test balance values of the group in 8 directions increased significantly. When the pos-test balance values between the two groups were compared, the post- test balance values of the experimantal group participants were significantly higher than the control group participants (F(1.18) = 6.20, p < .05). Consequently; it can be said that core training applied to the high school level female students three days a week for 8 weeks can have a positive effect on balance performance.
The Secret of the Titius-Bode Law: A New Theory on How Our Planetary System Came Into Existence
Authors: Merkl Hans
Published: January 2020

Our planetary system still has several unsolved riddles. One of them is the Titius-Bode law. With the aid of this law, it is easy to find the distances of planets from the sun. For many astronomers, this is coincidence. They argue that there is no known physical mechanism that generates a particular sequence of planets’ distances. However, if one investigates the structure of the law, it quickly becomes clear that the Titius-Bode law is directly connected with the formation of planets. Our planets did not come into existence through so-called accretion. At the beginning of its existence, the sun was presumably a T-Tauri star. These are young stars in the process of their formation. They pulsate irregularly, thereby accelerating clouds of plasma in the surrounding dust disk. Each of these eruptions thus generated a planet. This of course goes much more quickly than if they had to be formed from the dust of planetary disks. This new theory not only describes how the planets and the distances of the planets came into existence. It also gives a new description of how the moon came into existence, the cause for large moon craters, the slow rotation of Venus, the formation of the asteroid belt, the high iron content of the planet Mercury, and the sun’s loss of rotational impulse, among other things.
Multiple Pathway for Agricultural Labour Adaptation in a Vietnamese Village under the Context of Revonation
Authors: Nguyen Thi Minh Khue , Nguyen Thi Dien , Lebailly Philippe
Published: January 2020

The revival of family farming with rural out migration has undisputable contribution for household livelihoods. This paper aimed to figure out the relationship between migration and agricultural labour adaptation in Vietnamese rural areas. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study showed that migration had complicated impacts on labour management intra-household for sustaining agricultural activities, there is no remarkable agricultural labour deficit created due to internal migration in the meso level. In contrast with reported trend on de-agrarianization due to productive migrants, this paper argued that rural households manage to have multiple pathways to maintain farming. Their strategy is the combination of changing agricultural scheme, renting labour or develop the multi-spacial household rural households in response with this new context of labour loss for migration. The strong commitments and obligations between family members show that the multi-spacial household model is well-functioning with mutual support divided across space.
2019/43 Dismissal after childbirth-related leave (DK)
Authors: Clasen Christian K.
Published: January 2020

2019/43 Dismissal after childbirth-related leave (DK)

The Danish Western High Court has ruled that the dismissal of an employee shortly after returning from childbirth-related leave did not constitute discrimination within the meaning of the Danish Act on Equal Treatment of Men and Women.
2019/46 Robbery attack: the responsibility of the employer? (SI)
Authors: Smolnikar Petra , Ulcar Romana
Published: January 2020

2019/46 Robbery attack: the responsibility of the employer? (SI)

A worker was performing regular work tasks at their workplace when an attempted robbery took place. The worker suffered serious facial injuries as a result of an assault by one of the robbers and they filed a lawsuit against their employer claiming the latter was fully liable (both objectively and subjectively) for the work accident entitling them to reimbursement of all damages resulting from the accident.

The question that was raised was whether the employer can be held subjectively liable for an accident at work despite the fact that it had taken the necessary measures foreseen and/or imposed by law to prevent such accidents.
2019/48 Transfer of undertaking applicable in case of delegation of a public service (RO)
Authors: Cazacu Ioana
Published: January 2020

2019/48 Transfer of undertaking applicable in case of delegation of a public service (RO)

The Supreme Court found that the Court of Appeal did not properly examine whether the difference of treatment of employees based on a social plan may be justified.
2019/49 Expiration of leave only with prior information from the employer (GE)
Authors: Zintl Daniel
Published: January 2020

2019/49 Expiration of leave only with prior information from the employer (GE)

The Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht – BAG) has decided that the entitlement to paid annual leave only expires at the end of the calendar year or at the end of a carry-over period if the employer has previously put the employee in a position to take his leave and yet the employee has not taken the leave out of his own free will. The court held that the employer must cooperate in granting the leave. He has to encourage the employee to take his – concrete numbered - leave and inform him accurately and in good time, that the entitlement to paid leave would otherwise expire.
L’educació per al nou paradigma energètic i climàtic
Authors: Riba Romeva Carles , Pujol Soler Jordi
Published: January 2020

Davant de la greu crisi energètica i climàtica d’origen antropològic en què estem entrant, el present article posa de relleu la gran responsabilitat del sistema educatiu en la preparació de les futures generacions per a un nou paradigma, de forma que puguin ser conscients i participar del debat social sobre la transició energètica i disposar d’informació suficient per anar-se formant un criteri propi. Les tecnologies basades en fonts energètiques i recursos renovables poden ser una alternativa a la crisi, però requeriran un canvi substancial en els comportaments humans i un esforç ingent de construcció de les noves infraestructures. L’article, basat en les ponències dels autors en la Jornada TERbaix celebrada a Citilab (Cornellà de Llobregat) el dia 6 de setembre de 2019, també proporciona unes primeres dades i reflexions sobre la fi del sistema fòssil i la factibilitat tècnica i econòmica de la transició vers el nou paradigma renovable, amb la intenció que estimuli i sigui d’utilitat per a la tasca que han d’emprendre els ensenyants.
Kinematic Analysis of the Kick Start Underwater Phase of Young Male Swimmers
Authors: Wądrzyk Łukasz , Staszkiewicz Robert
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The introduction of a starting block with an adjustable and slanted footrest has caused the development of a new starting technique - the Kick Start. Therefore, research on swim start seems necessary, particularly concerning the Kick Start underwater phase. Aim: The study aim was to characterise the underwater phase of the Kick Start among young, male, competitive swimmers. Basic procedures. The study included 32 male, youth, competitive swimmers (mean age=16.61 years, height=1.80 m, body mass=72.47 kg, FINA Points=617). Participants executed three freestyle Kick Starts recorded using an underwater high-speed camera. Videos were kinematically analysed using the Skill Spector programme. Then, k-means clustering was applied. Results. Participants were classified into three clusters. Cluster FT (“flat trajectory”) comprised swimmers with a ”flat” course of underwater movement - low value of the angle of water attack (KA=0.92o), maximum depth of the head (hmax=0.85 m), distance (dmax=0.71 m), and time to maximum depth of the head (tmax=0.51 s). Group MT (“moderate trajectory”) had moderate values of the above-mentioned parameters (KA=10.27o, hmax=0.93 m, dmax=1.03 m, tmax=0.60 s), while Cluster DT (“deep trajectory”) achieved the highest values (KA=15.74o, hmax=1.05 m, dmax=1.38 m, tmax=0.73 s). The time to reach 15 m in Cluster FT was about 0.3 s slower than in Group MT and DT, although this dissimilarity was not significant. Conclusions. The course of underwater movement is mostly affected by the angle at which swimmers submerge. There is no “ideal” way to perform the underwater phase, however, it should not be executed too close to the water surface.
Assessment of Body Mass Index and Functional Movement Screent Scores as Determinants of Speed Abilities in Male College Athletes
Authors: Malarz Iwona , Wrześniewski Krzysztof , Basiaga-Pasternak Joanna
Published: January 2020

Aim. The aim of the study was to show the dominant types of physical activity and their causes in patients with metabolic syndrome undertaking regular and sporadic physical activity, as well as to determine whether their sporting activities are related to the sense of efficacy and life satisfaction.
Materials and methods. Forty-one women diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were tested, 20 regularly (on average, 6.48 hours a week allocated to sports) and 21 sporadically practicing sports (the average number of hours devoted to physical activity in this group is 1.25). The author’s "Active Lifestyle", SWLS Satisfaction with Life Scale and the GSES Generalised Self Efficacy Scale in Juczyński's adaptation were used.
Results. Patients with metabolic syndrome undertake physical activity, mainly on their own initiative, to improve their health. In this group, walking and aerobics were the most popular. The respondents were characterized by an average sense of efficacy. The level of life satisfaction is higher in the group of subjects regularly practicing sports. Regularly performing sport is accompanied by patients with metabolic syndrome having greater satisfaction with (r = 0.311*, p = 0.047).
Conclusions. Regular physical activity of patients with metabolic syndrome is associated with life satisfaction. Therefore, physical activity should be clearly promoted in obese patients (patients) with metabolic disorders.

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HISTORICITY AND GENDER HEROISM IN OLA ROTIMI’S HOPES OF THE LIVING DEAD
Authors: Azeez Tunji , Babatope Babafemi
Published: January 2020

The intercourse of history and Drama is an age long phenomenon. On one hand, the evolution and the various developmental stages of drama find expression in history. On the other hand, historical occurrences provided and still provide raw materials for drama. Historically, women have been represented in drama since the beginning of literary tradition. Aristophanes (410 BC) represented Greek women, reflecting the strength and weakness of women and more importantly the role of women in nation building. Shakespeare and Webster portray women substantially in their plays. Nigerian playwrights are not left out in the scheme, as they employ the instrumentality of history to dramatise traits of legendry Nigeria women and thus preserve their heroic deeds for the prosperity of posterity. This paper interrogates the interplay of history and gender heroism in Ola Rotimi’s play, Hopes of the Living Dead. The framework for this discourse is “Stiwanism”, the African expression of feminism. The paper argues that Ola Rotimi, in a bid to celebrate African women does not create a fictitious personality with fabricated legendary deeds, but falls back on history to showcase the legendary and heroic nature of African women. History, therefore, enhances the tangibility of gender heroism as dramatised by Ola Rotimi in the play. We conclude that, in Hopes of the Living Dead, Ola Rotimi employs history to unearth the past, thereby reconstructing the present and taking a peep into the future about what is expected of the African women as leaders and co-workers in social and political re-engineering.
IBIBIO WORLDVIEW ON PARENTING AND CHILDCARE IN EFFIONG JOHNSON'S SON OF THE LAND
Authors: Inegbe Stephen E. , Morison Gideon Ime
Published: January 2020

Several traditional African cultures share the worldview that children are special gifts from the gods to the land and so attach enormous attention to their up-keep and upbringing. They are not entirely the sole responsibility of the parents only but are effectively conceived of as belonging to the community. This worldview specifically places the child under the guardianship or tutelage of a parent, a step-parent or any adult with familial connections or ties to the child, who must raise him/ her in line with community values and mores, to be a responsible son or daughter of the land. As such, the welfare, well-being as well as training of children from infancy or childhood to adulthood is shaped both by the parent or guardian, (nuclei or extended) family, and the community at large. These institutions -family and community- work hand-in-hand in determining the child's nurturance and socialization experiences. While the community sets the standards in terms of moral and acceptable codes of behaviour and/ or taboos; the family ensures that the child lives up to these societal set patterns, norms and values. The parent or guardian, thus, functions as an interface or compass that directs, links, and molds the child’s behaviour within the family unit to the expected standards of the community. Failure in this regard or deviance does not only earn the parent, guardian or family overt social criticism but the community, as well, shares the opprobrium and also bears the consequences of such deviation. This complex process of interaction and learning is what sociologists have come to define as the "Socialization process". Thus, as drama is basically a social art which imitates or mirrors the society in which it is written or produced either overtly or covertly, this paper shall examine this sociological issue as portrayed in Effiong Johnson's play Son of the Land, using the textual analysis methodology. The paper shall recommend a more inclusive-exclusive, dynamic and multifarious approach to parenting and child care in the context of deeply-held cultural notions and praxis.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES: SOCIAL EPISTEMOLOGY OR PHILOSOPHY OF INFORMATION?
Authors: Asmiyanto Taufik
Published: January 2020

This article reviews the shift in the theoretical foundations of library and information science (LIS) on social epistemology to the philosophy of information. This shift bids have been submitted more than a decade ago where Luciano Floridi sees that the LIS has close relations with the philosophy of information. Paul Ricoeur's Hermeneutics Phenomenology used to understand and interpret Jesse Shera and Luciano Floridi’s texts and to reveal the implicit and hidden meanings in the text. This reading indicates that the LIS is a discipline that not only deals with knowledge alone but rather takes care of the content that we understand as meaningful data. With that also, we understand the information not only as a matter of semantic and regarded as an epistemic prerequisite for the establishment of knowledge. However, beyond that, the information is placed as the ontological. Meaning of information, then, becomes important for LIS to place in the appropriate position. The foundation on the philosophy of information can break the chain of LIS dependence on another field theory and develop his theory. Therefore, this foundation does not only contribute praxis to produce solutions to technical problems that are commonly done regarding the improvement and development of library services. Although, this foundation can provide a 'new' space for scientists in this field to expand its epistemic motion.