bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Phyto components in the Ethanolic Extract from Launaea Nudicaulis
Authors: Prabakaran K. , Sathiyaseelan M. , Rameshkumar S. , Kumar A. Shiva
Published: January 2024

Launaea nudicaulis is a significant medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic and antibacterial properties. In the present study, we have studied the phytochemical analysis of Launaea nudicaulis leaf extract by using NMR and GC-MS technique. According to the preliminary phytochemical analysis, identify the various active ingredients. For the purposes GC-MS study was suggested to look into the organic compounds of the unique drug Launaea nudicaulis. From the results, Launaea nudicaulis' ethanolic whole plant extract was found 11 different phytochemical compounds. The GC-MS analysis confirmed their presence various Phenyl methyl esters of 6, 9, and 12-octadecatrienoic acid (368) and Phytol (296) Molecular weight compounds. Squalene, an important chemical, was identified in the fraction using a GC-MS analysis, with an 80% match rate. By analyzing the extract using spectroscopy, 1HNMR 13C NMR and GC-MS techniques, the compound squalene could be identified.
Evaluation of the Galenic stability of a Propofol Emulsion after the Expiration date
Authors: Chefchaouni Ali Cherif , Bennani Ismail , El Baraka Soumaya , Fahry Aicha , Laatiris Abdelkader , Cherkaoui Naoual , El Alaoui Yasser , Rahali Younes
Published: January 2024

Objective: Propofol is an intravenous lipid emulsion indicated for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia or sedation. Like all emulsions, propofol is thermodynamically unstable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the post expiration stability of a batch of propofol. Methods: The parameters studied to evaluate the stability of the drug were: visual appearance, ph, droplet diameter and zeta potential.For this purpose we had 20 ampoules of Propofol Fresenius with an expiration date of May 2021. The measurements started directly 1 month after the expiration of the batch and lasted 6 months. Results: Visual examination showed no abnormalities suggestive of instability. The pH varied between 6.95 and 7.15 until it decreased to a value of 5.58 at the 6th month after expiration. The diameter of the droplets ranged from 109.52nm to 125.15nm with a maximum of 169.5nm. Conclusion: The results obtained suggest a good galenic stability up to 3 months after expiry and may allow a use beyond the limit of use in case of complete stability study.
Evaluation of In-vitro Antioxidant and In-vivo Antidepressant properties of Flax seed Extract (Linum usitatisimum, L.)
Authors: Shaida Bushra , Singh Karuna , Rastogi Mayuri
Published: January 2024

Flax seed (Linum usitatisimum, L.) extract have been used for the treatment of numerous diseases. Despite of its health benefits, its action was not much studied on neurotic disorders like depression and anxiety. Thus the objective of the presentresearch work was to explorein-vitro antioxidant activity and in-vivo anti-depressive and anti-anxiety property of seed extract. The extraction method were optimized to yield the highest contents of biochemical compounds and antioxidant activities, further extract was evaluated for phytochemicals. The antioxidant potential of the extract was assessedusing DPPH.In-vivostudy was done by dividing mice into 5groups and each group have six mice thus the total number of mice for the study is 30, initially they were trained to consume 2% sucrose solution for 3 weeks.The first group was normal control, the remaining four were exposed to stress and were fed with either: 10ml water per kg p.o, imipramine (antidepressive drug)15 mg/kg body weight, diazepam(anti-anxiety drug) 25mg/kg body weight and flaxseed extract in dosages of (40 mg, 60 mg, 80mg per kg body weight) for the time period of 30 days.Results for in-vivo activity indicate that flaxseed extract of 80 mg/kg body weight and imipramine groups had significantly increased sucrose consumption, decreased duration of immobility during Forced Swim Test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) thus indicating significant antidepressive activity of the extract. Similar results were seen for anti-anxiety effect, evaluation was done using photoactometer and elevated plus maze method.
Development and Validation of a UV Spectroscopic Method to Estimate Eltrombopag Olamine along with Bulk and In-house Formulation
Authors: Aabid Mohammed , Memon Shakeel , Pathan Dilnawaz , Hangad Tabbussum
Published: January 2024

The current UV Spectroscopic method developed involving ethanol as a solvent is simple, fast, specific, precise, and sensitive for the estimation of Eltrombopag Olamine in bulk in day-to-day analysis. As per the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline, the method was validated. Eltrombopag Olamine is a drug used to treat thrombocytopenia (a low blood platelet count) in adults and youngsters with chronic immune idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura that didn't get well with different treatments. Eltrombopag Olamine is additionally accustomed to treating severe aplastic anemia. It’s conjointly being studied within the treatment of different conditions and kinds of cancer. Eltrombopag Olamine binds to the thrombopoietin receptor, which causes the bone marrow to create more platelets. It’s class of thrombopoietin receptor agonists, also known as Promacta. Eltrombopag is also recently approved (2012) for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in a patient with chronic hepatitis C to start and sustain interferon-based therapy. The solvent used in the entire method development and validation was ethanol. The maximum wavelength of absorption was found to be 423nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 5 to 30ug/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9966. The method was precise with an RSD of less than 2%, the LOD, and LOQ were found to be 6.18ug/ml and 18.7ug/ml respectively, % recovery of the drug is 98 to 100%. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness and all parameters were found to be satisfactory which proves that this method can be used for routine analysis of Eltrombopag Olamine.
Phytochemical screening, Antimicrobial potential, ADME predictions Targeting the Helicteres isora L. fruit extracts and their Essential oil
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Bithel Navneet
Published: January 2024

The essential oil of this plant was excluded and identified by the Gas chromatography technique. Identification outcome showed the existence of different antimicrobial compounds in the essential oil of Helicteres isora such as 6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2(1), n-Hexadecanoic acid (2), phytol(3a) and isomenthol(3b) which is eminent for its antibacterial attribute and pharmacokinetic studies. H. isora exhibited antimicrobial activity due to the existence of effectual molecules. Qualitative assessment of different phytochemicals of H. isora such as alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides was executed. Compounds 1 and 3 both showed the highest absorption rate (~100%). All compounds obey to Lipinski rule indicated that all compounds have good drug likeness properties and good bioavailability. The antimicrobial activity of H.isora was tested by agar well diffusion method against five different pathogens such as Staphlococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Different outcomes are exhibited by phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities. The methanol extract of this plant showed a maximum zone of inhibition as compared to other extracts of H. isora. The lowest concentration of H. isora was found to be 3.12mg/ml, respectively. Similar, essential oil of H.isora exhibited the largest zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli due to eminent antibacterial attributes.
Formulation and Characterization of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System of Teneligliptin
Authors: A Aparna. , Reichal C. Rubina , M Shobana.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study is an attempt to prepare and characterize the Teneligliptin floating tablets. Drugs having a short half life are eliminated quickly from the blood circulation. Several controlled delivery systems have been designed which can overcome the problems of unpredictable gastric emptying due to physiological problems and presence of food and also release the drug to maintain its plasma concentration for a longer period of time. The Teneligliptin a orally administered of BCS class-2 drug, which has low solubility and high permeability, which is widely use in the management of type 2 diabetes, is an oral anti- hyperglycemic agent, shows incomplete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and from the gastrointestinal track and absolute bioavailability is 40-70%. This has to development of oral gastro retentive floating dosage forms.Teneligliptin is a DPP4 inhibitor and is to exert its mechanism of action on management of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Teneligliptin is poorly soluble in acidic environment and hence the absorption of drug to diabetic patient is slow due to this gastric motility and emptying capacity.Thus it can be converted into a suitable dosage form like Floating Drug Delivery System. Around 10 formulations were prepared and are characterized by various pre compression and post compression evaluation studies. The preformulation results of Angle of repose, Bulkdensity, Tapped density, Compressibility index, and Hausner’s ratio were found to be within pharmacopoeial limit.The post compression evaluation results of all formulation were within the pharmacopeial limit. The present study revealed that the Teneligliptin can be formulated to enhance the bioavailability which can reduce the frequency of dose.
Mangostenone Bioactive Compound from Garcinia mangostana L. as Antiviral Agent via Dual Inhibitors Against E6 HPV 16/18 Oncoprotein through Computational Simulation
Authors: Dhea Kharisma Viol , Listiyani Priscilla , Affan Ali Murtadlo Ahmad , Putra Pradana Rizal Adistya , Ansori ANM , Patera Nugraha Alexander , Rahayu Shilfiana , Rahmawati Cici Tya , Andreevna Obukhova Angelina , Aslanovich Gasanov Zurab , Ahmedovna Dzaurova Zalina , Magomedgadjievich Osmanov Ramazan , Nikolaevna Sizonenko Marina , Rebezov Maksim , Jakhmola Vikash , Purnobasuki Hery , Kusuma Wahyuni Dwi
Published: January 2024

HPV is a DNA virus from Papillomaviridae about 170 types have been identified and most of these viruses can triger cervial cancer disease. Types of HPV that can trigger cervical cancer consist of HPV-16 and HPV-18 with around 70% of cases, HPV-6 and HPV-11 only trigger genital warts. Types of HPV-16 and HPV-18 are high risk in triggering cervical cancer. High risk HPV types have the ability to interfere with the performance of tumor suppressors in cells through oncoprotein activity. E6 is a crucial oncoprotein because it allows degradation of tumor suppressors in host cells, E6 can be a major target in antiviral drug design. Inhibition of the E6 domain by antiviral candidate compounds is an important part of preventing the formation of the E6-p53 complex and preventing cancer development. Garcinia mangostana L. (Mangosteen) is a traditional medicine for treating bacterial, viral, fungal infections, as an antioxidant, and for degenerative diseases. This study aims to explore the potential of mangostenone compounds from Garcinia mangostana L. as HPV antivirals through inhibition of the E6 oncoprotein on HPV-16 and HPV-18 through in silico study. In silico analysis methods such as drug likeness, antiviral probability, docking simulation, chemical interaction analysis, and molecular visualization were used in this study to reveal HPV antiviral candidates from Mangostenone derivatives. Mangostenone derivative compounds from Garcinia mangostana L. can be antiviral candidates for HPV through a dual inhibitory mechanism by Mangostenone A. These compounds have strong activity through more negative binding affinity values and weak bonds such as hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds compared to other mangostenone derivative compounds.
Scaling up and evaluation of Dyphylline controlled release matrix tablets
Authors: A. Yassin Heba , A. Sharaf Mohamed , El-Ghamry Hanna A. , E. Abdelaziz Abdelaziz
Published: January 2024

The aim of the current study was to scale up controlled release matrix tablets of Dyphylline, used for the management of various respiratory conditions such as asthma, cardiac dyspnea, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The tablets were scaled up to 3500 tablets scale then the optimized formulations were further scaled up to 35000 tablets. Tablets were manufactured using direct compression, wet granulation, and hot melt methods. The prepared tablets were evaluated for Hardness, Friability, content uniformity, in-vitro drug release, and stability study. The results obtained showed that the ten prepared tablets showed accepted values for the hardness, friability, and content uniformity tests. The formulations showed controlled drug release profiles with high similarity to our target release profile (f values ranged from 63.9 to 84.9). The release profiles showed a better fit to zero order than diffusion model. The Exponent n of Korsmeyer-Peppas model ranged from 0.67 to 0.692 indicating non-Fickian diffusion. The stability study indicating good stability of the selected formulation. All these results concluded that formulation prepared by wet granulation can be manufactured on large scale perfectly.
Comparative Evaluation of the Color Stability and Clinical performance of bulk-filled composites: A Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: YM Karuna , N Srikant , M Kundabala , Nayak P Anupama , Rao Ashwin , TM Maimoona
Published: January 2024

Background: Bulk fill composites are relatively novel and are a boon to esthetic dentistry, as they decrease the chairside time during the restoration while offering as good esthetics and clinical performance as incrementally filled composites. This study was conducted to find out the best composite regarding its color stability and clinical performance among bulk-filled and incrementally-filled composite restorations. Materials and methods: It was a split-mouth randomized controlled trial conducted on 16 patients with 2 anterior teeth each indicated for composite restoration. One tooth was restored using incremental fill composite and the other using bulk-fill composite, the choice of which was made randomly. The patient was recalled after 1 year. Standardized photographs were taken immediately after the restoration and at 1-yearfollow-up, which was analyzed using Image J software for color stability. Clinical performance was evaluated using modified USPHS criteria. Statistical analysis: The comparison of the greyscale values of color stability was done using Paired t-test. The various parameters indicating the clinical performance were compared between the two groups using McNemar’s Chi-square test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean color change between bulk fill and incremental fill composites at 1-year follow-up (p =0.806). Clinical evaluation of the restorations done using the modified USPHS criteria also showed statistically no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The bulk-fill composite performed similarly to incrementally filled composites in terms of color stability and clinical performance.
Green Synthesis of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles using Lemon pulp: Antibacterial and Antidiabetic activity
Authors: Kastubesh Mohanty Kishan , D Ashwini , Srivastava Riddhi , M Vaidagi. , Mahalingam Gayathri
Published: January 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a complex and chronic metabolic disorder which has a critical impact on the body’s ability to utilize the energy acquired found in food. A major symptom of diabetes is hyperglycemia. In all types of diabetes mellitus, human body does not make enough insulin or it cannot utilize the insulin it produces. In this study we are using pulp extract of Citrus limon and preparing silver and copper nanoparticles. We have evaluated the antibacterial and antidiabetic activity with E.coli and Staphylococcus culture using Kirby bauer, α-amylase and glucose transfer method. The characterization of the nanoparticles is done by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light transfer test, scanning electron microscope.
Assessment of patients’ knowledge concerning healthy lifestyle-based secondary prevention after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Baghdad city
Authors: Majid Mousa Ayad , Alwan Mansour Khalida
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death globally. Healthy lifestyle is a major determinant of health of patients with CHD. Sub-optimal level of HL has negative impact on quality of life and deteriorates patients’ health. Objectives: the study is to assess knowledge toward a healthy lifestyle for patients with CHD in addition to finding out association with demographic variables. Methods: Descriptive Design study has been utilized for the current study to assess patients’ knowledge concerning healthy lifestyle after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, starting from January 2nd 2019 to 30th October 2019.A non-probability (purposive) sample of 78 patients who have coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention to manage coronary artery occlusions. Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADE-Q) has been used as a tool for the present study. Data analysis has been done by descriptive and inferential statistics through using social package for statistical science SPSS version 20. Results: more than half of the sample was male; the majority of them were primary graduate. Regarding general knowledge of the study sample toward healthy lifestyle which is assessed by CADE-Q were poor. No significant relationship found between demographic variables and knowledge variable. Conclusion: most of the study participants have no adequate level of knowledge toward a healthy lifestyle, implementing a lifestyle intervention program regarding knowledge and practices of patients with CAD, specifically after percutaneous coronary intervention is necessary to improve healthier life.
Sensitive and Rapid LCMS/MS Method for the Estimation of recently approved Antiviral drugs Maribavir and Fostemsavir in spiked human plasma
Authors: Reddy Vaka Penchala , Sreenivasa Rao Battula
Published: January 2024

In this study, a straightforward, highly sensitive, and selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and rigorously validated for the simultaneous quantification of Maribavir and Fostemsavir in human plasma. To ensure precision and reliability, we employed Dolutegravir as the internal standard (IS). The analytical process involved a two-step extraction method. Initially, protein precipitation was induced by the addition of acetonitrile, followed by liquid–liquid extraction using a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of diethyl ether and dichloromethane as the extracting solvent. Separation of the analytes was achieved through reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Phenomenex C18 Luna column (4.6 mm×100 mm, 5 µm). A simple isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol, and 0.1% formic acid (35:55:10, v/v) was used, operating at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Under these optimized conditions, the LC chromatogram of the spiked standard exhibited distinct peaks at retention times of 2.07 min, 2.59 min, and 4.29 min for Fostemsavir, Maribavir, and the internal standard, respectively. Detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization in positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The mass transitions monitored were m/z 377 → 110, m/z 584 → 105, and m/z 420 → 142 for maribavir, fostemsavir, and dolutegravir, respectively. This method provided a rapid analysis within 5 minutes, over a linear concentration range of 15-750 ng/mL for both maribavir and fostemsavir. Method validation was conducted following FDA guidelines for bio-analytical methods, and the results consistently fell within the acceptable limits for both analytes. Therefore, our developed method holds promise for the accurate analysis of maribavir and fostemsavir in human plasma, and it has potential applications in pharmacokinetic studies
Development and Rheological studies of gels with Essential oil of Chamomile (Chamomillae recutita L.)
Authors: Medeshova Aigul , Orazbayeva Perizat , Romanova Ainur , Dildabekova Nuripa , Orazbayev Bekzhan , Ashirbekova Bibigul , Ashirbekova Anar
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of research on the development of dosage forms with essential oil of chamomile (Chamomillae recutita L.) for dental use. The object of study was hydrophilic gel base under the code name "Chamazulenogelum". Materials and Methods. Rheological studies were carried out on a rotational viscometer Visco Star Plus (Fungilab, Spain). The study of the structural and mechanical properties of the "Chamazulenogelum" ointment was carried out at temperatures of 25, 40, 55 and 70°C. The shear stress and dynamic viscosity of the gels were measured. Based on the obtained results, graphs are constructed that characterize the change in the logarithm of the effective viscosity on the shear flow rate gradient and the dependence of the shear flow rate gradient on the shear stress. The results of rheological studies showed the absence of structural changes in the shear field with destruction or the appearance of new compounds; the thixotropic properties of the hydrophilic gel bases "Chamazulenogelum" were also established. Results and Discussion. As a result of studying the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of dosage forms with chamomile essential oil, it was found that the gels inhibit the growth of test cultures in vitro to some extent. High-intensity antimicrobial activity was shown by the hydrophilic gel "Chamazulenogelum" against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The investigated samples of "Chamazulenogelum" gels do not undergo strong structural changes in the shear field, that is, there are no intrasystem rearrangements with destruction or with the formation of new compounds. The thixotropic properties on the hydrophilic gel base "Chamazulenogelum" have been established, which characterize good smearability and the ability to extrude from the tube. The pronounced antimicrobial activity of the developed gels "Chamazulenogelum" for topical use provides a basis for further tests included in the drug development cycle.
GC-MS and HPTLC Analysis of Ocimum basilicum Ethanolic extract obtained from five locations of Tamilnadu
Authors: Meenakumari K. , Vasanth S. , Buelah J. Jasmine , Bupesh G.
Published: January 2024

Background/objective: The purpose of this study is to analysis the bioactive compounds present in the medicinal plant Ocimum basilicum (whole plant) which was obtained from the five locations of Tamil Nadu. Methods: The whole plant of Ocimum basilicum was shade dried and it was extracted with ethanol. GC-MS and HPTLC fingerprints profiles were performed in the extract to find out the phytochemical constituents and different bioactive compounds with the help of retention time and peak value of the respective samples. Results: Forty bioactive compounds with their peaks and their low and high molecular weight were identified with the help of GC-MS analysis for all the five samples. HPTLC method was performed with the solvent system (i.e) Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (6:5:1) and observed under UV-Vis 254nm and 366nmutilizing CAMAG REPROSTAR3 and flavonoid was quantified. Conclusion: The present study result of whole plant Ocimum basilicum ethanolic extract indicated the presence of various secondary metabolites and it is expected to exhibit healing properties.
In Support of human health by Capsicum frutescens, Daucus carota, and Pisum sativum
Authors: Dohre Vandana , Singh Preeti , Yadav Surabhi
Published: January 2024

Natural antioxidants, whether in the form of raw extracts or chemical components, are extremely effective in preventing oxidative stress-related damage. In this study, we have evaluated the total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in three different vegetables Capsicum frutescens, Pisum sativum, and Daucus carota based on two different extraction methods, the decoction extraction technique (DEM) and the microwave-assisted method (MAE) in a water solvent. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (TAA) were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu’s and Phosphomolybdate assay, respectively, and expressed as equivalent to catechin. Capsicum frutescence possesses the highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the three vegetables in both extraction procedures, which is linked to its health-promoting potential and suggests that it could be used in the creation of antioxidant drugs. As a result, these findings aid in the development of economical, high-nutrient-value foods for consumers throughout this period.
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Sala (Cynometra ramiflora Linn.) leaves for reducing Blood Glucose Levels in Male Wistar Rats Induced by Alloxan
Authors: Haryoto Haryoto , Humairah Humairah , Azizah Sujono Tanti , Muhtadi Muhtadi , Suhendi Andi
Published: January 2024

Diabetes is a chronic illness brought on by either insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or inefficient insulin utilisation by the body. There is currently no proven diabetes treatment. The development of current therapies is solely focused on preserving and enhancing patients' quality of life. In addition to utilising oral hypoglycemic medications or insulin injections to control blood sugar, several medicinal plants have also undergone pharmacological testing and can be used experimentally. There were 5groups, namely negative control group (0.5% Na CMC), positive control (glibenclamide 0.9mg/kg), ethanol extract of Sala leaves at doses of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kgBW. Each group was induced by alloxan 150mg/kg intraperitoneal body weight before fasting blood glucose levels 200mg/dL. Each group's blood glucose levels were taken and checked as pre alloxan, post alloxan, 7 and 10 days after treatment. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Sala leaves with doses of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg for 7 and 10 days after treatment showed glucose-lowering activity (p<0.05) on all alloxan induction. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of the Sala plant (Cynometra ramiflora Linn.) with doses of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kgBW for 7 and 10 days showed significant glucose-lowering activity (p<0 0.05) in alloxan-induced mice.
Potential of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) Extract Nano Herbal as Immunomodulator and Phytogenic Feed Additive for Natural Growth Supporter on Spleenic Germinal Centre and Performance in Animal Model
Authors: Koestanti Sabdoningrum Emy , Hidanah Sri , Soeharsono Soeharsono , Qosimah Dahliatul , Anggraini Sylvia , Anantha TasyaAmelia
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine potential meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal as immunomodulator and phytogenic feed additive for natural growth supporter on spleenic germinal centre and performance of broiler chickens. The study started by conducting feed adaptation that was carried out when chickens aged 14 days to 21 days old by giving meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal to the treatment groups in stages as much as 250g, 500g to 1kg in 1 ton of feed. The treatment groups were then given meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal in concentrations 5% (T1), 10% (T2) and 20% (T3) through feed with a ratio of 1kg of meniran extract nano herbal: 1 ton of feed starting from chickens at 21 days to 35 days old. Histopathological examination of the spleen was carried out 5 fields of view each and observed in the form of the diameter of germinal center of spleenic white pulp with a magnification of 100X using a Nikon Eclipse microscope.Data that collected during treatment were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed that meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) nano herbal extract concentration of 5% resulted in the best performance. It showed higest splenic germinal centre,feed consumption, body weight, performance Indonesia and also lowest feed conversion ratio. In sum, we conclude that meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal as immunomodulator can increase immune system in broilers chicken
CHARTER SCHOOLS E VOUCHERS EDUCACIONAIS NOS JORNAIS: O SUBTERFÚGIO DO DISCURSO DA QUALIDADE REPERCUTIDO NA MÍDIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Nazareth Henrique , Santos Aline , Pires Fabricia
Published: January 2024

This article aims to analyze journalistic texts that address proposals for privatization identified with charter schools and educational vouchers, in order to contribute to overcoming the narrow conception of quality found in newspapers. Brazilian newspapers with the highest incidence of publications on the topics from 2009 to 2021 were examined, namely: "Gazeta do Povo", "O Globo", and "Estadão". Pursuing the objective, a qualitative research was conducted that collected journalistic texts and used content analysis techniques (BARDIN, 2010). It was noted that a large part of the texts are favorable to the implementation of privatization models in Brazil. The defense of these models has been based on the idea that the quality of private education is superior, attributing this to a supposed efficiency of private management linked to student performance, competition between schools, and teacher accountability. It should be noted that this premise is not confirmed when analyzing the results obtained by charter and vouchers in the USA. Finally, it is concluded that journalistic texts ignore a deeper debate about the factors that interfere with the quality of education, promote an uncritical view, and ignore the inefficacy of business management instruments to deal with the problems of public schools.
Empirical Insights into Mergers and Acquisitions through Quantitative Evaluation of Motivations, Strategies and Outcomes
Authors: Cai Yun
Published: January 2024

Mergers and Acquisition (M&A) refer to activities involving the amalgamation of companies for the purpose of gaining better competitive edge, realization of economies of scale or to penetrate new selling zones. In this article, we propose to analytically measure the motives, tactics, and performance of M&As; using a large set of 300 transactions worldwide for 2019 and 2023. The methodology consists of quantitative data analysis with statistical regression of the value of financial performance indicators before and after the acquisition (ROI, EBITDA) and qualitative data collection based on a survey of 50 top-level managers of corporations. Findings of the study suggest that roughly two thirds of acquisitions led to enhanced financial performance as reflected by an average ROI uplift of 12% in the period up to 2 years post-merger. Further, at the second level of analysis, we found that M&As with operational synergy scores ranked high are significantly associated with high success rates with 70% of total mergers achieving high synergy ratings. In addition, the studies showed that acquisitions for market growth were 15% more likely to succeed than those for cost saving. As such, these results stress the importance of strategic direction and execution coordination for M&A performance, which can be helpful for practitioners that seek to achieve better results in potential subsequent M&A.
Assessing the Influence of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: An Analysis Within the Endogenous Growth Framework
Authors: Haldorai Anandakumar , Ramu Arulmurugan
Published: January 2024

We examined the interaction between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Economic Growth (EG), which has been an area of interest for both academics and policy makers since the early 1990s, with most scholars concluding that FDI has a positive impact on EG through the enhancement of capital, technology and human capital. However, the ability of FDI to catalyze growth varies with the policies and institutions of the host economy. In pursuing this objective, this study seeks to assess the long-run effectiveness of FDI in the growth of EG, using a dynamic panel econometric model predicated on the endogenous growth model. Some of the independent variables tested in the analysis are FDI to GDP ratio, institutional quality indices and the macroeconomic variables in order to give a broader view on the issue. The findings reveal that the effect of FDI on EG is positively improved by enhanced institutional quality in reference to better governmental and business liberalization. There is a positive and statistically significant impact of governmental freedom on the relationship between FDI and EG where a 1% improvement in governmental freedom raises the effect of FDI on EG by 0.36%. However, the same improvement in business freedom raises this effect by only 0.08%. On the other hand, FDI inflows uncertainty, which is likely to erode these positive growth advantages, is negatively related with, and signifies by 0.028% points less impact in EG for every 1% increase in FDI volatility.
Impact of Corporate Governance on Corporate Social Responsibility in Family Owned Enterprises in Lebanon
Authors: Young Sun
Published: January 2024

The Corporate Governance (CG), also known has corporate control, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are correlated whereby; the systems of CG tend to affect CSR practices. This study examines the role of CG elements; specifically, the BOD (Board of Directors) and AC (Audit Committees) on CSR operations of Family-Owned Enterprises (FOEs) in Lebanon. It also looks at the controlling factor of the family members’ involvement in the decision-making process. This research adopted a cross-sectional quantitative design where data was obtained from 203 FOEs using a self-completion survey questionnaire. With reference to the research hypotheses, we employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the relationship between CG and CSR. The results highlighted that audit committees are effective in increasing CSR with regard to health by 0.375, refugees by 0.458, and environmental community by 0.379 while BOD impact on CSR was almost negligible. However, family involvement was found to moderate these relationships, where higher level of family involvement enhanced the audit committee’s positive influence on CSR. In FOEs where there was low family involvement, the BOD played a bigger role in CSR with regards to health (p-value = 0.042). This means that perhaps the BOD gets less interference from the families and thus performs optimally in engendering CSR. These results highlight the roles of AC and families regarding CSR performance in FOEs, providing implications for governance.
Variability of HR Practices and their Impact on Organizational Commitment Across Different Sectors in South Africa
Authors: Li Jiang
Published: January 2024

In this study, Organizational Commitment (OC) and Human Resource (HR) practices are investigated in relation to each other across sectors in South Africa, using a sample of 3,180 employees in the state-owned enterprises (SOEs), private sector, and public sector. The participants were 20 to 72 years old, 57.1% male and 42.5% female, with an average age of 37.8 years and a tenure between one month to 42 years. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data on different HR practices such as Communication (Com), Diversity Management (Div), Staffing (Sta), Supervisor Support (SS), Performance Management (PM), Remuneration (Rem), and Training and Development (T&D) as well as on overall HR practices (TOT) and OC. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and correlation coefficients, indicated significant differences in T&D, Div and Com in these sectors, where the private sector demonstrated the highest correlations between HR practices and OC (r = 0.51). Also, the regression analysis revealed that HR practices account for 23% of the variance of OC with the percentage contribution of the highest from the private sector (27%). It is demonstrated in this research that targeted HR practices are vital to organizational commitment and that sector-specific HR practices are necessary to promote employee engagement and retention.
A Malmquist TFP Approach to Determine the Economic Growth and CBEC of Industrial Belts
Authors: Yancey Marina
Published: January 2024

Cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) encompasses internet-mediated transactions to acquire and deliver goods and services across the border. In the following research, the objective is to evaluate the economic development and contribution of CBEC on industrial zones by employing a new Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) technique. To this end, the study will use nonparametric linear programming techniques to create an efficient Malmquist TFP index that provides efficiency evaluation, ranking of different regions, and time series analysis. We employed Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to effectively compare industrial transfer effects in several regions. Our findings show that industrial belts supported by infrastructure and other fixed assets and centralized urban areas are the major beneficiaries of industrial productivity and international trade. Launched in Jiangsu Province, the results reveal that cities within major economic axes, including the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Shanghai-Nanjing Economic Circle, experience the most rapid CBEC transactions. Besides, the study also reveals that there are regions where government support facilitates logistics and e-commerce infrastructure, which indicates that those regions seem to be more coherent in developing e-commerce and modern logistics. These findings further underpin the centrality of industrial belts in the growth of the economy, and highlight the need to align CBEC strategy to the development of these belts.
Comparative Analysis of Monetary Policy using Bayesian Estimation: Macroeconomic Models and Policy Rules
Authors: Chekalina Valeriya
Published: January 2024

Monetary policy aimed at controlling economies focuses on manipulating interest rates in an effort to manage the output, inflation price level, and activity. Our study analyzes the effects of monetary policy from 1980 to 2023 using Bayesian estimation methods across four macroeconomic models: a calibrated New-Keynesian model, Federal Reserve’s FRB model, a New Keynesian DSGE model and Smets and Wouters model. Simulation concentrates on three policy rules such as Taylor, LWW and SW, and how they affect significant variables such as real GDP, inflation and investment. Differences in the response patterns to monetary policy changes are captured by all models; however, the degree of output elasticity and the time taken by it to respond differently to a cut in interest rates is observed to be different. New-Keynesian model demonstrates a sudden and a temporary rise in output, the FRB and DSGE models reveal prolonged but slow changes and the adjustment takes longer, according to the FRB model. Inflation responses that are pro-cyclical are also persistent across models and affected by the price stickiness effect. Models with financial accelerators such as the DSGE provide better insights of the relations between interest rates and borrowing costs. Lastly, sensitivity analysis also reveals that model structure and policy rule decision significantly affects the results, consistent with the notion that monetary policy should be well suited to economic environment.
Energy Utilization and Conversion in Modern Biomass Conversion Technologies
Authors: Sliper Nancy Jan
Published: January 2024

This paper provides a review on the current state of biomass conversion technologies that are in use and those that could play a significant role in the future, such as those that might be linked to carbon dioxide (CO2) collection and sequestered technology. Since the transportation industry is poised to become the most important new market for large-scale efficient biomass usage, here is where most of the focus will be placed. Bio-energy contribution, now estimated at 40EJ to 55 EJ per year, is expected to expand significantly in the future. Nevertheless, the precise objective of bio-energy will be dependent on the competitiveness aspect with bio-fuels and on agriculture policy globally. For the rest of this century as least, observations suggest a range of 200–300 EJ, rendering biomass a more significant alternatives of energy supply compared to mineral oil. The need to update bio-energy practices so they are compatible with sustainable development strategies is a major concern. It is expected that within the next two to three decades, the cost of electricity generated using sophisticated conversion concepts (such as gasification and contemporary co-firing and gasification) and contemporary biomass sourced fuels (e.g., hydrogen, methanol, and ethyl alcohol from the lignocellulosic biomass) will be competitive with conventional energy sources (partly based on price development with petroleum). An even more efficient and cost-effective biofuel production system may be developed from sugarcane-centric ethanol within the tropical climates.
Reforming Gift-Giving Traditions to Promote Women's Inheritance in Pakistan: Legal and Islamic Insights
Authors: Mubashar Tariq  , Hafiz Muhammad Azeem  , Muhammad Zahid Rafique
Published: January 2024

Women’s right to inheritance is established and protected by Islam. Pakistan, as an Islamic country, expects its citizens to obey all of the principles enshrined in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. However, in case of inheritance to women, people often deviate from these guidelines. Although many efforts are in progress to augment the social and economic status of women in this country, despite that malafide practice persists in this society where Pakistani women, before or at the time of marriage, are compelled, due to undue influence, to surrender their inheritance in favor of their brothers. This systemic exclusion of women from inheritance happens through the transfer of property using the guise of gift. Even though courts in the country are cognizant of this practice and are actively trying to tackle it through their judgments, yet their efforts alone are insufficient. In these circumstances, what this society needs are amendments in both criminal and civil laws to unambiguously prohibit the deprivation of women from their rightful inheritance. Additionally, it is also the legal as well as moral duty of every Muslim citizen in this country to uphold the injunctions of Islam, especially regarding the women’s right to inheritance.
Potret Solusi Alkitab bagi Generasi Z Penderita Sindrom Fear of Missing Out
Authors: Setyobekti Andreas Budi , Wariki Valentino , Anu Kezya Jesika Maria
Published: January 2024

Abstract: There are two factors that influence FoMO in generation Z consisting of internal factors and external factors. Internal is found to have a low psychological need for relatedness and self. Meanwhile externals include transparency of social media information, age, social upmanship, and conditions of relative deprivation. Efforts to handle FoMO in generation Z based on a Biblical perspective are to use assistance or mentoring to generation Z who are FoMO. The method used in this research is qualitative. The approach taken is a literature study. Through this approach, researchers examine existing literature sources in order to obtain a logical thinking construct regarding FoMO. The Bible consistently shows how God cares for His people from generation to generation. This consistency of God's providence also applies to generation Z, especially those who experience FoMO. The essence of the Lord's Prayer is a form of God's openness in presenting His providence holistically to all believers from generation to generation.
Abstrak: Ada dua faktor yang mempengaruhi FoMO pada generasi Z terdiri dari faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Internal adalah ditemukan rendahnya kebutuhan psikologis akan relatedness dan self. Sementara ekstenal meliputi transparansi informasi media sosial, usia, social-upmanship, dan kondisi deprivasi relative. Upaya penanganan FoMO pada generasi Z berdasarkan perspektif Alkitab adalah menggunakan pendampingan atau mentoring kepada generasi Z yang FoMO. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah studi pustaka. Melalui pendekatan ini peneliti mengkaji dari sumber literatur yang ada agar diperoleh konstruk berpikir yang logis berkenaan dengan FoMO. Alkitab secara konsisten memperlihatkan cara Allah memelihara umat-Nya dari generasi ke generasi. Konsistensi providensia Allah ini pun berlaku bagi generasi Z terkhusus mereka yang mengalami FoMO. Esensi Doa Bapa Kami merupakan salah satu bentuk keterbukaan Allah dalam menyajikan providensianya secara holistik bagi seluruh orang percaya dari generasi ke generasi.
Introducing the next iteration of our sensor box
Authors: Haßler Björn , Bablok Bernhard
Published: January 2024

An output of the Open Development & Education, https://opendeved.net/
História da educação dos deficientes visuais em Mato Grosso do Sul: apontamentos iniciais sobre o ISMAC
Authors: Paes Ademilson Batista , Alves Gislene Souza
Published: January 2024

O presente texto se encontra ligado ao estudo da história das instituições escolares, mais precisamente no que diz respeito àquelas que ofertaram educação especial na cidade de Campo Grande (MS), sendo que o objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a história do ISMAC. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa documental que se realizou nos acervos da instituição, a qual objetivou a identificação, a seleção e a digitalização de fontes, o que possibilitou conhecer parte de sua história e também resultados da minha pesquisa de mestrado. No dia 04 de fevereiro de 1957, sob o lema: "Assistência, Trabalho e Educação", então, foi fundado o Instituto Sul-Mato-Grossense Florivaldo Vargas (ISMAC) foi pelo Sr. Florivaldo. Ele que trabalhava como cobrador das mensalidades ofertadas à Associação Linense de Cegos que se sediava em Lins (São Paulo), incumbido dessa região de Campo Grande, percebeu que os cegos desta cidade sobreviviam de mendicância, única para sobreviver ou viviam enclausurados pela família para escondê-los da sociedade. Ele decidiu, deste modo, tentar os levar para serem atendidos na Associação Linense de Cegos, com o intuito de que aprendessem braile e uma profissão, porém lá não foram aceitos. Florivaldo que era cego, mudou-se para Campo Grande acompanhado de alguns familiares e amigos também deficientes visuais, sustentando o sonho de criar nessa cidade uma instituição para o atendimento às pessoas cegas. O ISMAC foi instalado primeiramente numa sede provisória localizada à Rua sete de setembro, no número 456/458, onde residiam pessoas cegas já adultas e seus familiares; posteriormente por visibilidade dos seus trabalhos desenvolvidos, principalmente pela alfabetização em braile, o instituto ganhou um terreno localizado na 25 de dezembro, número 262, para a construção de sua sede própria, onde ainda se encontra localizado. Hoje, o instituto conta com sessenta e seis (66) anos de trajetória prestando assistência aos deficientes visuais (cegos e portadores de baixa visão), ele vem contribuindo com a reabilitação e assistência social às pessoas com deficiência visual com o objetivo de que se aprimorarem socialmente e intelectualmente, inserindo-os no mundo da leitura para ingresso no ensino regular e no mercado de trabalho.