bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying the Hollomon-Jaffe parameter to predict changes in mechanical properties of irradiated austenitic chromium-nickel steels during isothermal exposure
Authors: Koyanbayev Yerbolat
Published: February 2024

The Hollomon-Jaffe parameter is widely used in metallurgy and materials science to characterize the behavior and predict the various metals' physical-mechanical properties under different temperature and time modes. The possibility of predicting changes in the mechanical properties of structural steels due to thermal influences has been studied. The paper presents the results of a study of the mechanical properties of the materials of the core components of the BN-350 reactor facility (RF) made of austenite chromium-nickel steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti (a spent fuel assembly's jacket) and 09Cr16Ni15M3Nb (an intro-channel displacer). The samples were studied both before and after radiation annealing. Annealing of steel samples at 550 ℃ reduced the yield strength and significantly restored the plasticity and ability of the material to strain hardening. The efficiency of post-radiation annealing of the materials increases with annealing temperature and leads to a transition to the reduction process. It was established that medium of high temperature annealing during heat treatment does not lead to significant changes in the mechanical properties of irradiated materials. The microstructure studied using a scanning electron microscope reasonably correlates with the results of mechanical tests. The possibility of using the Hollomon-Jaffe parameter to predict the properties of austenite chromium-nickel steel, which received damaging doses in the range from 12 to 59 dpa, was shown for the first time. Thus, for the first time, the unique coefficient (C) of the Holloman-Jaffe parameter for irradiated materials of chromium-nickel steel was experimentally determined, and dependencies characterizing the change in hardness of chromium-nickel steel on temperature and duration of post-radiation thermal exposure were established.
Gamified approach towards optimizing supplier selection through Pythagorean Fuzzy soft-max aggregation operators for healthcare applications
Authors: Shahab Sana , Anjum Mohd , Dutta Ashit Kumar , Ahmad Shabir
Published: February 2024

The soft-max function, a well-known extension of the logistic function, has been extensively utilized in numerous stochastic classification methodologies, such as linear differential analysis, soft-max extrapolation, naive Bayes detectors, and neural networks. The focus of this study is the development of soft-max based fuzzy aggregation operators (AOs) for Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PyFS), capitalizing on the benefits provided by the soft-max function. In addition to introducing these novel AOs, we also present a comprehensive approach to multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) that employs the proposed operators. To demonstrate the efficacy and applicability of our MADM method, we applied it to a real-world problem involving Pythagorean fuzzy data. The analysis of supplier selection has been extensively examined in many academic works as a crucial component of supply chain management (SCM), recognised as a significant MADM challenge. The process of choosing healthcare suppliers is a pivotal element that has the potential to greatly influence the efficacy and calibre of healthcare provisions. In addition, we given a numerical example to rigorously evaluate the accuracy and dependability of the proposed procedures. This examination demonstrates the effectiveness and potential of our proposed soft-max based AOs and their applicability in Pythagorean fuzzy environments.
Social-Economic Integration of Kazakh Migrants in Turkey
Authors: Abuova Akmanat , Baigabylov Nurlan , Abdikakimov Mukhtar , Aubakirova Saltanat , Assylkhanova Gulnar
Published: February 2024

The research aims to describe the social and economic integration of Kazakh migrants in Turkey. Amongst the objectives of this scientific work are research on Kazakh migration into Turkey in the first half of the twentieth century and the determination of reasons and prerequisites for such a process. The primary methods of this research are historical and logical analysis, induction and deduction, and synthesis. The article covers the Kazakh migration to Turkey, the integration process of Kazakhs into Turkey, and the reasons, prerequisites, and factors that led to the migration of Kazakhs from East Turkistan.
Leading Effectively for K-12 School Improvement
Authors: Schmidt Raymond J. John
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores six key principles essential for school leaders to effectively spearhead transformative initiatives. Central to this discourse is the understanding that successful change management necessitates collaborative efforts, stakeholder engagement, clear communication, and a focus on continuous professional development for educators. Moreover, fostering a culture of innovation, embracing evidence-based practices, and leveraging technology are imperative for addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by K-12 schools. Drawing upon seminal works by Darling-Hammond, Fullan, Kotter, and Senge, among others, this chapter elucidates a comprehensive framework for leading change that encompasses vision setting, capacity building, and sustainable implementation strategies. By synthesizing theoretical perspectives with practical insights, this chapter underscores the critical role of visionary leadership and effective management practices in driving meaningful improvements in K-12 educational environments.
Making Schools Effective
Authors: Ndlovu Reginah
Published: February 2024

The 21st century dispensation has brought a lot of challenges in developing countries such as Zimbabwe that have resulted in schools becoming ineffective. The study was prompted by the need for schools to prepare students to meet the demands of an emerging digital world. The change management theory was used with the aim to inform the changes which are taking place in 21st century schools. The corpus of the study has been published works for the years 2011 to 2014. The Nziramasanga Commission, which informs the basis of Zimbabwean education, was also studied.
Organizational Change in Educational Organizations
Authors: Doğan Özcan , Ayduğ Damla
Published: February 2024

Change is an inevitable fact of life from birth to death, affecting cultures, countries, and societies. Especially today, change is happening faster than in the past, and this causes societies and organizations to face much more change that they need to keep up with. Organizations can only survive if they change themselves by adapting to these rapid changes. In this study, definitions of organizational change were given, and the factors that cause organizational change were described. Then, the theories of change were mentioned depending on the reason for the change and the changes it brings about in the organization. Then, resistance to change, management of organizational change, and organizational change in educational organizations were examined.
The Impact of Distributed Leadership on Effective Professional Development via Organizational Innovativeness
Authors: Atasoy Ramazan , Yalçın Mehmet Tufan
Published: February 2024

This chapter aims to explore to what extent distributed leadership affects effective professional development of teachers mediating organizational innovativeness in the sample of the countries participating in the TALIS 2018 survey. Accordingly, the sample consisted of 15,980 schools and 261,429 teachers from 48 countries participating in TALIS 2018. The study found that teachers' gender, education level, and experience have a significant, albeit low, effect on their thoughts on the effectiveness of professional development activities. Another important research finding has shown that school principals' distributed leadership behaviors contribute to the effectiveness of professional development activities by promoting organizational innovativeness. Based on the findings of this study, the identified variables should be considered in the development of policies and practices for teacher learning. Future research could explore multilevel models that would examine the potential impacts of various leadership styles and teacher attributes on teacher learning.
The Role of Technological Development on Employment
Authors: Tekin Hatice Armutcuoğlu , Tüzün Osman
Published: February 2024

This chapter aims to investigate the impact of technological development on employment in Turkey. The authors include research and development expenditures, the share of medium and high technology product exports in total exports, and total employment into the dataset. They also use the economic growth rate as a control variable. In this study, ARDL estimation results are reported using annual data for the period 1990-2022. According to the findings of the study, economic growth and research and development expenditures positively affect employment. Exports of technological products do not have an employment-increasing effect. Based on this result, the authors argue that employment should be reskilled and associated with technological developments in Turkey.
Navigating Tomorrow
Authors: Chaker Bassem , Damak Chedli
Published: February 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of the modern workforce, characterized by the relentless march of technological advancement, this chapter embarks on a comprehensive exploration. Positioned at the nexus of unprecedented challenges and opportunities, it transcends conventional discussions on reskilling. It serves as a nuanced expedition into the intricate realms of psychological and societal transformation induced by reskilling initiatives. This chapter unfolds as a strategic response to the multifaceted demands imposed by technological shifts, focusing on the transformative power embedded in reskilling. Far beyond a mere acquisition of new skills, the narrative navigates the intangible dimensions of mindset and approach, reshaping not only individual careers but the very fabric of professional identity and societal expectations.
Harmonizing Productivity of Employees via Work-Life Balance in Remote Working
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Vig Komal
Published: February 2024

Maintaining a healthy work-life balance has become increasingly important in today's remote work environment, and it has a significant impact on employees' overall productivity. Improving productivity entails numerous dynamics, with a focus on the relationship between health, well-being, and enough sleep. Understanding and fulfilling the diverse requirements of employees becomes increasingly important as firms deal with the problems provided by geographically distributed teams. This chapter investigates the connection between work-life balance and workers' health and well-being, as well as how it might increase production and improve an organization's overall performance. When employees have sufficient time for personal life and relaxation, they are better able to focus their attention and energy on their work tasks. This leads to improved productivity, enhanced creativity, and increased engagement like flexible work hours, clear communication, remote work policies, promote self-care, technological tools, and employee support programs.
Redesigning of Marketing Mix Elements Affecting Medical Tourism Through Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Ramanathan Karuppasamy , Jenefa Leena , Radhi AL.Rubaye Ahmed Hussein
Published: February 2024

The medical tourism industry is a complex field in the world and has third position among competitive industries. The purpose of this study is to look into the components of the marketing mix like place of the treatment, treatment charges, as well as other variables that affect medical travel. In a similar vein, chatbots driven by AI offer round-the-clock assistance by promptly and accurately answering patient questions. Three hundred sixty-degree movies, interactive simulations, and other virtual instructional materials can be given to patients using VR. This entails developing patient-facing mobile health applications, broadening the use of wearable technology to track health issues, and enhancing the integration of blockchain, AI, and robotics technologies. Medical tourism destinations may provide medical tourists a safer, more pleasurable, and more cost-effective experience by putting into practice workable solutions including package packages, financing choices, stringent infection control procedures, technology and AI, customized legislation, and data analytics.
Analysis of the Labor Market in Germany and Türkiye
Authors: Çelikok Kaan , Saatcioğlu Cem
Published: February 2024

The study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the labor market in Germany and Türkiye, recognizing their unique trajectories in the digital age. While Germany, celebrated for its robust vocational training and technical education, serves as a model, Türkiye, strategically positioned at the crossroads of continents, aspires to cultivate a tech-savvy workforce. The shared commitment to investing in human capital forms the core theme, acknowledging the pivotal role of a skilled workforce in fostering economic prosperity and innovation. Beyond evaluating the effectiveness of policies in both nations, the study addresses associated potentials and challenges in preparing the workforce for the digital age. It aims to uncover valuable insights, best practices, and lessons by comparing the policies of the two countries. The overarching objective is to contribute to the understanding of human capital development, offering guidance on policies necessary for digital-era workforce investment.
Data Science in the Employee Recruitment Process
Authors: Farinha João , Pina Maria Fatima
Published: February 2024

In the information age, organizations are more powerful as they have more information. However, having information is not enough. It needs to be compiled and organized so that it can be used. This compiled information can be used in many areas of an organization, including the recruitment of new employees. Organizations are always looking for ways to improve productivity and profitability. The COVID-19 pandemic has made this even more important. To do this, they need employees with the right skills for the job. This is where data science comes in. Data science is the field of study that analyses and processes data so that it can be used to make and create informed decisions. This study aims to investigate how data science can be used to help organizations hire new employees. The project will explore how data science can be used to identify the skills and qualifications that are most important for a particular role, screen candidates more effectively, and make better hiring decisions.
The Effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Marketing
Authors: Joaquim Ana Filipa Vieira Lopes
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores how AI is transforming marketing strategies, customer segmentation, personalized advertising, and customer relationship management (CRM). Additionally, it investigates the ethical considerations and challenges associated with AI implementation in marketing.
Modern Leaders, Revolutionary Results
Authors: Abdallah Rasha Khalil , Ismail Osama A. S.
Published: February 2024

In every field, innovation remains pivotal, especially in the realm of education where it consistently refines the teaching and learning experience. This chapter delves into the profound influence and significance of innovation in reshaping educational facets. Emphasis is placed on the transformative leadership in education and its alignment with progressive and inventive cultures. The discourse highlights the capability of transformational leadership to foster professional growth and a spirit of teamwork. Evidence suggests that both educators and students thrive under transformational leadership, benefiting from its capacity to motivate, and instigate positive change. The chapter underscores the value of continuous learning and professional enhancement for transformational leaders, as it cultivates an enduring learning ethos, crucial for professional evolution. Furthermore, this chapter presents tactics that transformational leaders might employ to stimulate progress in the educational sector.
The Power of Peer Review
Authors: Abdallah Asma Khaleel , Aljanahi Mona Humaid , Almejalli Hissah Abdulrahman
Published: February 2024

This chapter delves into the transformative power of peer review in educational settings, exploring its application in fostering critical thinking, collaboration, and metacognitive skills among students. It examines various peer review methodologies, emphasizing their role in enhancing student engagement, motivation, and soft skills development. The chapter highlights the significance of integrating peer review into teaching strategies, outlining its benefits in building a cooperative learning environment. Through case studies and practical applications, the chapter demonstrates the efficacy of peer review in improving academic outcomes and fostering a culture of continuous improvement and innovation in educational practices.
Assessing the Unassessable
Authors: Musah Mohammed Borhandden
Published: February 2024

This chapter offers an in-depth analysis of holistic assessment frameworks in educational systems, accentuating the critical role of non-academic skills—including emotional intelligence, cognitive flexibility, and interpersonal communication—in student development. It acknowledges the inherent difficulties in quantifying such complex competencies and introduces cutting-edge, technology-driven evaluation techniques designed to seamlessly integrate into current educational practices. By examining real-world case studies, the narrative showcases how these progressive methodologies are being applied in diverse educational contexts. It underscores the imperative for educators to broaden their evaluative scope, ensuring that students not only excel academically but also develop the essential soft skills needed to navigate and succeed in the multifaceted challenges of the future. The chapter serves as a pivotal reference for stakeholders in education reform, advocating for a balanced approach to student assessment that aligns with the evolving demands of the 21st century.
Decoding Lesson Study
Authors: Marchesseau Gerard
Published: February 2024

This chapter presents a narrative inquiry on Lesson Study (LS), based on the experience of three assistant language teachers (ALTs) in Japan. The author also draws on personal experience with LS, having been an ALT for three years and faculty at universities for over 20. The literature on LS is very positive and persuasive, but the narratives deflate some of the idealism around LS. A conclusion is drawn that LS can be very beneficial, but that in practice, it is not without flaws. Furthermore, as a global phenomenon, it is no longer owned by Japan. Researchers and practitioners around the world have contributed greatly towards the study and advance of LS. Those seeking to implement and conduct research on LS should draw on a broad body of literature rather than just looking towards Japan.
Using Artmaking Generative AIs to Support Augmented Reality Learning Designs With Adobe Aero App
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: February 2024

The making of augmented reality for mobile learning is a complex endeavor. The visual materials needed for such builds may be time-consuming to create given technological requirements. The emergence of artmaking generative AI (GAI) tools provides opportunities for to fast-track some of the work, in all phases: the design (research, brainstorming, color palette selection, visual elements, drafting, compositing, pilot testing, and others), the development (the creation of the various elements, alpha and beta testing), and the deployment (the release of the works into production). This chapter explores the work needed to co-create artworks with generative AIs, the visual editing required (right-sizing, color changes, outlining, formatting, and others), the accessibility design, the usability design, and other efforts to ensure effective augmented reality work for teaching and learning. Advances in GAI are also considered.
A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda of Data-Driven Marketing
Authors: García-y-García Elena , Rejón-Guardia Francisco , Sánchez-Baltasar Laura Berenice
Published: February 2024

The boom in the flow of information originated from customer activities. The Internet enhanced it, and information and communication technologies have drastically transformed the marketing domain, leading to innovative strategies such as data-driven marketing. Due to the rapid evolution of DDM this research analyzes the evolution of DDM in the scientific literature. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature using bibliometric techniques has been carried out from 1980 to 2023. The results show that only some studies directly describe its development. However, through the analysis of related technologies such as big data, customer relationship management, artificial intelligence, and machine learning in marketing, this chapter provides insight into the evolution of DDM and potential future opportunities. The study's findings emphasize the need to focus on DDM to understand its evolution and impact on the business landscape. On a practical level, it provides strategic guidance for marketers who want to adapt to the changing dynamics of technology.
Business E-Negotiation
Authors: Ghali Zohra , Saidi Khadija
Published: February 2024

The emergence of the Internet and new technologies has upset the world of business. Indeed, nowadays, a growing number of business activities are conducted remotely, particularly business e-negotiation. This book chapter aims to get a better understanding of the concept of business e-negotiation, its specificities, types, and challenges. Its systems and automated agents are also studied. Business e-negotiations meet people from all over the world through various media channels. Negotiating via e-mail and video conference is underlined. In addition, the negotiation systems are also studied. This study provides for negotiators, who would lead online negotiation, interesting insights that consider the particularities of this form of negotiation and prepare the appropriate innovative marketing strategy allowing good progress in the online negotiation process and, consequently, leading to successful agreements.
Then, Now, and Hereafter of Customer Engagement
Authors: Syama K. S. , George Sneha Rose , Edward Manoj , Shojaei Alireza Shabani
Published: February 2024

This chapter presents an overview of customer engagement literature and scientifically maps the research areas based on 878 articles sourced from leading journals from 2005 to 2021. Using the Web of Science database and bibliometric analysis, research articles on customer engagement were extracted to uncover the topic's thematic evolution and key research areas. Furthermore, the study uncovers the most CE publishing journals, principal authors, three fields plot, and most cited articles through scientific investigation and visualization of the scholarly customer engagement research in the R program. Overall, the findings of the study provide a holistic understanding of customer engagement, illustrate the topic's conceptual structure, and reveal key directions for future research in academia and industry.
The Effects of Consumer-Influencer Parasocial Interactions on Purchase Intentions
Authors: Patrício Giovanni Augusto , da Silva Añaña Edar , Zucco Fabrícia Durieux , Reinert Paulo Sérgio
Published: February 2024

This study explores the impact of digital influencers' recommendations on consumer purchase intentions. It posits that influencer credibility and the quality of the relationship with followers influence the preference for brands/products they recommend, examining potential synergies between these forces. It includes a study with 389 Brazilian consumers using descriptive analysis, exploratory-confirmatory analysis, and structural equation modeling via the JAMOVI package. Results confirm the positive influence of three influencer attributes on parasocial interaction, with expertise directly affecting consumers' purchase intentions. The study also confirms the mediating effect of social interaction, which influences purchase intention both directly and indirectly. The findings contribute to academic knowledge by identifying a synergistic effect between influencer attributes and parasocial interaction, offering insights for influencer marketing decisions.
Reaching Consensus About the Impact of Mobile Marketing Tools on Iberian Consumer Purchase Intention
Authors: Teixeira Sara
Published: February 2024

Mobile is becoming central to communication and the development of marketing actions. This study aims to obtain a consensus from a panel of Iberian experts on which mobile marketing tools have the most impact on the Iberian consumer's intention to purchase. It was decided to carry out a qualitative methodology using the Delphi method to obtain the opinion and consensus of experts on which tools most influence purchase intention (N=21). The results show that location-based mobile service is the tool that experts believe will have the most impact on purchase intention and that message alerts, advertising, and promotions triggered by the user's location in messages and local search and exploration advertising are the LBS options that impact intention. The insights produced by this chapter are pertinent for researchers and organizations, namely managers and digital marketing professionals, as they provide valuable information from the point of view of experts on the most effective mobile marketing tools for interacting with consumers and making better decisions.
Gaming, eSports, and Spanish Consumer Behavior
Authors: de Matías Batalla David , López Tenorio Pablo José , de Carlos María Patricia Soroa
Published: February 2024

Over the last few years there has been an increase in the number of video game players. This breaks with the stereotypes of negative video game players who rejected their growth as an entertainment industry. The opposite is now the case due to the positive effects of playing video games on gamers, when it is done in a balanced way. To find out the current associations of the word video game as well as its perception among young Spaniards and the skills they develop, a study was carried out by means of a survey in which 530 young Spaniards between the ages of 18 and 30 took part. The results show that they play for fun, that they develop cognitive skills such as reasoning or improvements in the power of concentration and even that they manage to socialise by valuing and knowing how to collaborate in a team.
Management of Diversities
Authors: Rüzgar Nilüfer
Published: February 2024

According to recent studies,184 independent countries in the world are in a tremendous diversity with 600 living language groups and 5000 ethnic groups and these studies underline that very few citizens of a country belong to the same ethnic-national group and that very few of them speak the same language. Thus, it can easily be concluded that when the diversities are not managed professionally, it is inevitable for employees to face with both psychological and physical health problems. In this sense, the purpose of this research to find out the attittudes of employees in logistics sector towards diversity management.In this context, a research is conducted on logistics sector in Bursa city,Türkiye via a survey form that consists demographical questions and workplace diversity inventory that consists 24 items. The reason of defining logistics sector as sample, is the multi-national nature of the sector, which makes it compulsory to manage diversities in a professional way so as not to affect employees' physical and psychological health situations in a negative way.
Women in the Academy
Authors: Watson Sandy White
Published: February 2024

The underrepresentation of women in higher education faculty positions is widely acknowledged and a complex issue that involves numerous multifaceted elements. In this chapter, the author will examine the current status of women faculty in institutions of higher education in the United States including their representation in general, across faculty ranks, and in positions of leadership. The author will then examine initiatives for advancing women in higher education, beginning with research and evaluation actions for assessing institutional gender equity climate, followed by an examination of structural and positional initiatives and policies for advancing women in academia. Finally, the author will conclude the chapter with a discussion of potential funding sources for transformative university practices and policies regarding women faculty.
Village Institutes
Authors: Yigit Sureyya
Published: February 2024

Village Institutes were established in 1940 to raise pioneers with highly civilized abilities. These teachers would provide village children with a vocational education that would be useful in life, along with classical education, and prepare the basis for all vocational education that one could consider ideal for village children. Those who came aimed to teach in a comfortable environment in the city. Even if these graduates went to the villages, they could not adapt to the village and were looking for a way to return to the city as soon as possible. Newly established teacher training schools had to be established near villages, far from the cities, because large fields and agricultural lands were required since agricultural activities were production-oriented. Village Institutes were the secondary education part of the village education system. Their aim was only to train teachers. Village Institutes, which initially trained only teachers, started to train healthcare professionals three years later. The aim was to train “useful personnel for the village”.
From Diversity to Discovery
Authors: Chakraborty Swati
Published: February 2024

Canada, a nation built on the contributions of immigrants from around the world, has made inclusivity in academic research a cornerstone of its research policies. The country's approach to bridging the gap between well-funded and underfunded research institutions provides a compelling success story. Canada boasts a diverse population, with immigrants representing a significant portion of its citizens. In the academic sphere, this diversity is seen as a valuable asset, enriching research perspectives and driving innovation. However, it also underscores the need to address inequalities in research funding and resources. By prioritizing diversity, promoting collaboration, and providing accessible resources, Canada sets an example for the global research community on how to address disparities and create a more inclusive research landscape.
Leaders' Slant on Succession in Family-Owned Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Ratnayake Dushmanthi K. , Sridharan Aakash
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the in-depth experiences of succession planning on the performance of family-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka and understand the reasons behind the failures of succession planning and how to overcome them. Drawing from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 (ten) Sri Lankan owners in private logistics sector were selected as the participants while employing the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory to evaluate the viewpoints. The findings revealed that trust, loyalty, respect, and obligation are paramount important to the succession while lack of discipline, lack of practical knowledge, lack of self-awareness, lack of mental strength, lack of commitment given are found to be the main reasons for failures. Hence, mentorship, clear communication of expectations, freedom to follow in their parents' footsteps and allowing them to find their own passion within the business, encouraging the modern generation to gain practical experience can immensely aid in overcoming the challenges.
Breaking Borders, Building Bridges
Authors: Lahiri Indrani , Wilkinson Meredith
Published: February 2024

The chapter delves into the multifaceted challenges arising from globalisation and inclusivity in academic research, recognising both opportunities and complexities within this evolving landscape. As academic research increasingly transcends national and cultural boundaries, the impacts of globalisation on inclusivity become apparent, presenting hurdles tied to economic inequality, cultural homogenisation the loss of national sovereignty. The examination aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of their implications for knowledge production while proposing strategies and initiatives to enhance inclusivity in academic research. It recognises the interconnected nature of the global academic landscape and the necessity of addressing barriers to inclusivity. Moreover, the chapter goes beyond mere analysis by proposing strategies and initiatives to foster inclusivity in academic research.
The Confluence of Law and Literature
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shrabana , Choudhury Ria Roy , Chakraborty Prithwijit
Published: February 2024

There is an enduring scholarly discourse surrounding the linguistic nature of the Constitution, specifically as to whether it is predominantly composed in vernacular or legalistic terms. The article elucidates the methodology for ascertaining the linguistic characteristics of legal documents. The article presents compelling evidence to support the assertion that the Constitution is drafted using legal terminology and conventions. Furthermore, the wording of the Constitution presupposes the use of legal interpretative principles, both in negating the effect of specific legal interpretive norms and in mandating the implementation of others. Consequently, a significant portion of contemporary originalist academic discourse pertaining to particular constitutional clauses relies on interpreting the Constitution through a legal lens.
Responsible Conduct of Research in a Globalized World
Authors: Gisore Billiah Nyamoita , Areba George Ngwacho , Oranga Josephine , Njurai Evelyn Wanjiru
Published: February 2024

In a globalized world, there is a need for interdisciplinary education that is deeply connected to the world where the boundaries between countries are permeable, events, trends, and decisions in one part of the world can have far-reaching consequences elsewhere. The result of this interconnectedness is globalization, whereby people can create intricate social and commercial networks over great distances, both within and outside of national and cultural boundaries creating cooperation and collaboration between people and countries. The connectedness generates knowledge that requires responsible conduct of research, taking advantage of the opportunities available enabled by new technologies. The chapter interrogates the extent to which academic research adheres to the ethical requirements, equity and fairness in such collaborations, global cultural goals and practices, and how scholars adapt their research to address issues that arise due to globalization. How research findings are disseminated and who gains from the dissemination is also assessed.
Investigating L2 Grammatical Accuracy in Digital Multimodal Writing
Authors: Alrajhi Assim S.
Published: February 2024

This study examines and compares L2 grammatical accuracy in digital multimodal writing (DMW) and monomodal text-based writing (TBW). Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the research incorporates a dataset comprising 180 written texts, a questionnaire, and text-based interviews. Sixty EFL learners were assigned to two groups (TBW and DMW) and completed three writing tasks on identical topics. The findings reveal that there are no significant differences in grammatical accuracy between TBW and DMW. Moreover, learners' perceptions indicate that the integration of multi-semiotic recourses has no detrimental effect on grammatical accuracy. Additionally, learners adopted a preferred recursive strategy, involving text writing followed by integrating nonlinguistic components to complete and revise their DMW compositions. Consequently, two factors emerge as crucial in elucidating the comparable level of grammatical accuracy in DMW and TBW: (1) active engagement in each linguistic and nonlinguistic component, and (2) an awareness of the essentiality of the text component, necessitating the prioritization of the linguistic resource or the deliberate separation of text writing from other components within the DMW process. This study concludes with pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research.
The Optimization of Automobile Part Product Development Using Integrated Product Development (IPD)
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , He Jiani , Zhong Zhiyuan
Published: February 2024

This paper studies a new integrated product development (IPD) process at an automobile parts company. The process includes benchmarking and offers four optimization strategies for the new product development process: (1) re-structuring the new product development organization astraddle department teams, (2) reshaping the new product development and selection process already at the planning and conceptual design stages, (3) optimizing the design review process at the engineering stage, and (4) establishing a product development team with large project manager responsibilities in the industrialization stage so as to give full play to the guiding role of expert resources. This paper can help enhance the competitiveness of domestic auto parts enterprises compared to leading foreign auto parts enterprises.
Development of a new method for extracting histamine from marine fish flesh using the salting-out technique
Authors: Aoua Charifa , Yacoubi Bouchra , Zekhnini Abderrahmane
Published: February 2024

A simple and practical method was developed to extract histamine from fish products using sodium chloride (NaCl). After obtaining a saline extract from fish samples, histamine was derivatized by a condensation reaction with ortho-phthalaldehyde. Fluorescence intensity was measured by a fluorimeter. The first part of this work concerned a solid-liquid extraction tested with samples from the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme. The best histamine extraction yield (97%) was obtained using an extraction time of 4 minutes, a temperature of 40°C, and a NaCl/water ratio of 41% (w/w). The second part focused on a liquid-liquid extraction carried out on standard solutions of histamine (45, 90, and 180 mg/kg). The use of NaCl (41%), and trichloroacetic acid [(TCA) 10%] did not show any significant difference in extraction yield. The yield obtained was 99.15-100.1% for TCA (10%) and 98.65-99.45% for NaCl (41%). The validation criteria (repeatability and reproducibility) were checked by evaluating the reliability of the method. Extraction using NaCl has proven to be an interesting alternative method for the extraction of histamine from fish, as it is reliable, inexpensive, and less hazardous.
Development and test of a spring-finger roller-type hot pepper picking header
Authors: Song Zhiqiang , Du Chuanxing , Chen Yongcheng , Han Dianlei , Wang Xinzhong
Published: February 2024

In order to improve picking efficiency, performance and reduce harvesting costs, this study developed a spring-finger roller type hot pepper picking header. The picking header was mainly composed of a roller, spring-fingers, a steel frame, an upper cover plate, and transmission parts. According to the mechanical characteristics of the hot pepper, the picking structure model of hot pepper was developed based on SolidWorks. The movement law of the picking spring-finger was analyzed based on the working principle to select appropriate motion parameters of main factors. A prototype of hot pepper picking header was developed based on these selected parameters, and field experiments were carried out to study main factors affecting the harvesting effect. The rotation speed of the roller and the travel speed of picking machine were monitored by setting sensors. The test results were analyzed and optimized based on Central Composite Design (CCD) by using Design Expert. The orthogonal test results showed that: when roller rotation speed was 215.00 r⋅min−1, and travel speed was 3.59 km⋅h−1, the hot pepper picking header had the best harvest effect. The picking rate was 98.47%, and the breakage rate was 3.87%. The field experiment proved that the spring-finger roller type hot pepper picking header had a good picking effect.
Beauchamp and Childress’ principlism: theoretical reasons of some persistent conceptual issues
Authors: Furlan Enrico
Published: February 2024

Beauchamp and Childress’ principlism is probably the most influential model for justifying bioethical judgements at the international level. Despite its widespread adoption and influence, it is frequently subject to misunderstanding and oversimplification. Given its enduring relevance, the prevalence of a superficial grasp of its current structure, and the likelihood that the latest edition will be the final one, this paper seeks to achieve the following two objectives: a) clarify the current theoretical framework of principlism, demonstrating its ability to address most criticisms effectively; b) spotlight unresolved theoretical flaws and delve into their philosophical underpinnings. I will then conclude by suggesting a research direction for overcoming these persistent issues.
Comments on “Comparative yield of transbronchial cryo-nodal biopsy, transbronchial intra-nodal forceps biopsy, and transbronchial needle aspiration for mediastinal lesions at a tertiary care center in India (COLD-FORCEPS study)”
Authors: Rathi Vidushi
Published: February 2024

Dear Editor,The recent study by Madan et al. provides valuable information on the utility of intranodal cryobiopsy or forceps to endobronchial ultrasound - transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS- TBNA) during sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes. It found that intranodal cryoprobe acquires a larger tissue and increases diagnostic yield. However, the increase in the diagnostic yield was statistically not significant...
Emergencies in Dengue Fever
Authors: Kamath Vasantha , Ganguly Shreyashi
Published: February 2024

Dengue is often seen as an acute infection with fever and thrombocytopenia where complications such as shock and hemorrhage need to be averted while the patient recovers with supportive care. However, dengue can also be a differential diagnosis in the emergency care setting. Acute encephalopathy, acute renal failure, hepatitis, liver failure, acute pancreatitis, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, compartment syndrome, intracranial bleeds, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are few of the emergencies that may be seen in the course of dengue fever. These complications need prompt recognition and management to ensure better outcomes.
Study of right ventricular outflow tract gradient in immediate postoperative period following intracardiac repair for tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Upadhyay Vinay , Nayak Praveen , Patel Ruchit , Lukhi Sandipbhai
Published: February 2024

Background:

Surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) consists of adequate ventricular septal defect closure and relief of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction to the greatest extent possible. The residual RVOT gradient can be due to dynamic and fixed obstruction, and high gradient is sometimes seen even after a satisfactory RVOT resection often confirmed with intraoperative TransEsophageal Echocardiogram (TEE).

Aim:

The present study was conducted to study the changes in RVOT residual gradient in the early postoperative period. We analyzed the change in residual gradient by invasive monitoring intraoperatively after separating from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a case of intracardiac repair (ICR) for TOF and compared the readings 24 h after extubating the patients in intensive care unit (ICU).

Materials and Methods:

This was an observation study done in the Department of CTVS, Advanced Cardiac Centre, PGIMER, and Chandigarh from February 2018 to March 2019. A total of thirty patients with preoperative diagnosis of TOF were included in the study. After ICR for TOF, postseparation from CPB, RVOT gradient was measured using 23G needle connected to pressure transducer and compared with RVOT gradient measured 24 h postextubating using invasive line kept intraoperatively in pulmonary artery and RVOT.

Results:

There was a significant decrease in residual RVOT gradient postoperatively in ICU after 24 h of extubating, in comparison to intraoperative postbypass residual RVOT gradient. Postbypass residual RVOT gradient was 11.33 ± 1.39 that decreased to 7.81 ± 1.29 24 h after extubating (P < 0.05). Patients in whom pulmonary valve was preserved had greater postbypass residual RVOT gradient (12.44 ± 1.13) than patients with transannular patch (10.5 ± 0.90). However, both decreased after 24 h of extubating (9 ± 0.7 and 6.9 ± 0.8, respectively).

Conclusion:

Once satisfactory RVOT resection for fixed obstruction is done and is confirmed using TEE, the residual gradient, if marginally high, can be ignored as residual gradient significantly decreases after extubation and hemodynamic improvement is seen in postoperative period.
Clinical profile of patients having myocardial bridge on coronary angiography at tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan
Authors: Dahiya Archit , Thakur Manas , Agarwal Deepesh , Agarwal Gunjan , Wardhan Harsh
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Myocardial bridge (MB) is usually defined as the segment of the coronary artery (epicardial) which passes intramurally. In the early days, it was not having any clinical importance, but later studies showed the presence of it in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery can be associated with myocardial infarction and cardiac death suddenly.

Material and Methods:

The aim of this study was mostly to assess the profile of patients with the MB on coronary angiography and to evaluate its association with atherosclerotic disease in the coronary artery at a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan. In this study, evaluation was done (retrospectively) of the angiographic reports of the patients, and the prevalence of MB was seen totally, individually, or in combination with LAD, left circumflex, and right coronary artery.

Results:

Out of all 140 patients, 125 (89%) were males, and 15 (11%) were females. Among 140, the mean age of the patients having MB was 55.51 years. Out of 140 patients, 46% (65 patients) had diabetes, 41% (58 patients) had hypertension, and 42% (59 patients) were found to be smoker.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of MB in our study is similar to what is reported in the literature. The most common location of the MB was the mid-LAD segment.