bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Business Analytics into SMEs in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Fernandez Jorge Luis , Gutierrez Juan Edel , Castro Luis A. , Rodríguez Luis-Felipe
Published: February 2021

Entrepreneurs in Mexico start their businesses out of need, based on good ideas or to accomplish a “dream”. Nonetheless, starting out a business is not an easy task. Usually, business owners lack either professional background or financial knowledge, and focus only on keeping the business afloat, while trying to obtain profits. Business Intelligence and Analytics serve a great purpose in the growth of any company, but it is usually left out or ignored by small or medium enterprises, due to a lack of knowledge or because owners do not consider it necessary for a mid to long term plan. In the long run, businesses usually fail to achieve profit or cannot continue, and end up not knowing what went wrong. The information that a business generates could serve as a starting point for good and solid decision making, but the culture that dominates small and medium enterprises on any industry leaves important information unrecorded or unattended, forcing them to work based only on trial and error.
Data visualization process through storytelling technique in Business Intelligence
Authors: Gutiérrez Andrés , Pérez Cynthia B.
Published: February 2021

New technologies have allowed corporations to collect, store and manage huge quantities of data, being necessary in their daily management. Hence, business intelligence and data analytics have become an important and rapidly growing area of study that reflects the impact of data-related problems to be solved in business organizations. However, it is difficult to recognized patterns and draw conclusions from large amount of data and also, understand the stories of such information. We propose a methodology based on storytelling technique in order to improve the perception and interpretation of the data with the aim to make the information more memorable for people.
UNBO: Sistema de asistencia contextual al adulto mayor
Authors: Bagur Julio Rafael , Bonifasi Asturias Sofía , Cano Rodrigo José
Published: February 2021

Una de las grandes tendencias demográficas de la sociedad moderna es el hecho que estamos envejeciendo, se espera que para el 2050 crezca en 5% el número de adultos mayores llegando a ser 1/5 de la población total del planeta [6]. Esto conlleva gran cantidad de retos a enfrentar ya que envejecer trae consigo nuevos problemas difíciles de prevenir en cualquier entorno social o comercial. Esto fue nuestra inspiración para desarrollar una plataforma multicontextual para asistir a todo tipo de adulto mayor sin importar sus impedimentos físicos. Llamamos a este sistema UNBO, por el hecho que toma la forma de un solo botón que permite pedir asistencia en cualquier ambiente donde se encuentre el usuario; en dos modos: ayuda común es decir, asistencia para movilizarse, específicos al contexto como llevar bienes u orientarse, y un modo de emergencia para asistencias de salud con personal capacitado. Una solución sencilla, elegante y clara a una multitud de problemas; todo con un solo botón.
HIPO: Aplicación multiplataforma para el apoyo del aprendizaje de habilidades matemáticas dirigida a personas con discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Durán L. Abies C. , Marín B. Mario A. , Rocha R. Karla N. , Cárdenas P. Julián , González L. Aída L.
Published: February 2021

El desarrollo de habilidades matemáticas de personas con discapacidad intelectual es importante, ya que les permite participar responsablemente en la dinámica familiar y social además de lograr la inclusión. En este trabajo se expone el desarrollo de una aplicación computacional de apoyo para el aprendizaje de habilidades matemáticas con base en un programa curricular desarrollado en una institución de educación especial. Se utilizó una Metodología de Diseño Centrado en el Usuario en este proyecto además de Diseño Participativo; se realizó el análisis de contexto de uso y requerimientos mediante observaciones de campo, en la fase de diseño se realizaron prototipos de baja y alta fidelidad y se implementó un diseño plano; en la fase de evaluación   además de pruebas de usuarios fue necesario aplicar pruebas con seguidor ocular. Realizando las actividades definidas en el DCU se pudo obtener la información necesaria para obtener un producto adaptado a las necesidades del usuario.
Kandii Puzzle: Rompecabezas interactivo para apoyar la discapacidad intelectual
Authors: May David , Arias Diana , Baez Lorena , Rivera Miguel Angel , Luna Rafael
Published: February 2021

Kandii Puzzle es una propuesta innovadora desarrollada mediante la metodología de Diseño Centrado en el Usuario Extendida (UCD-e). Consiste en la combinación de medios tradicionales (rompecabezas físico) con avances tecnológicos (como la proyección de imágenes)  para crear herramientas interactivas que beneficiarán a los niños que poseen una discapacidad intelectual (DI) de nivel moderado, apoyándolos en el desarrollo de sus características sensoriales, motrices y cognitivas.
Hacia un sistema parlante para personas ciegas y de baja visión
Authors: Flores Alvarado Yusmar Alexis , Jiménez Mía Nieves , Arriaga Fierro Antonio , Peralta Calvo María del Rosario , Hernández Paxtián Zulma Janet
Published: February 2021

La tecnología está creciendo de forma exponencial, esto está causando avance en diversas áreas. Además, muchas tareas que se hacían de forma personal y presencial, que implicaba gastos, tiempo y otras cuestiones, ahora pueden hacerse por medio de la tecnología. Sin embargo, se ha formado una brecha entre la tecnología y las personas de capacidades diferentes. Este proyecto se enfoca en personas ciegas, tiene como fin la implementación de un asistente en la enseñanza de tecnologías [1]. En este reporte se presenta el proceso que llevó trabajar sobre la implementación de este sistema parlante para personas ciegas y de baja visión. Se plantea desde el análisis realizado, diseño del sistema, pruebas realizadas y los resultados obtenidos de los prototipos generados.
iTVCare: A home care system for the elderly through interactive television
Authors: Santana-Mancilla Pedro C. , Anido-Rifón Luis E.
Published: February 2021

In the world, many older adults are living alone for most of the day. This work propose the use of the television set, a medium well known by seniors, to improve the way that seniors and their caregivers can track daily activities such as medication intakes reminders. Two evaluations were held, a heuristic usability assessment early on the design process and an evaluation of the technology adoption. Both evaluations generated initial evidence that the system supported elders in achieving a better quality of life.
ViSA-EEG: A user-centered application for visualization and statistical analysis of EEG signals
Authors: Ortega-Gijón Yoselyn Nohemí , Mezura-Godoy Carmen
Published: February 2021

The most common applications for human EEG research are: Neuromarketing, Human factors, Social interaction, Psychology and Neuroscience, Clinical and Psychiatric Studies and Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI). In the BCI research, the existence of software for the analysis of EEG signals is observed, however its functionality is limited to showing the signals and certain predefined characteristics, almost focused on the medical area, allowing a visual analysis by an expert, in addition to the fact that this software is developed depending on the signals to be analyzed and on the BCI itself. Therefore, for the development of BCIs, it is necessary for the developer to have software that allows him to visualize and analyze the EGG signals, in addition to being able to test and compare the interaction of users through the BCI, as well as his brain activity during the interaction and being able to observe the causes. In this context, we propose ViSA-EEG web application that allows BCI developers to visualize and analyze the EEG signals. This application was developed under a user-centered approach, involving the user in each of the four development phases and using different UX tools and techniques.
Understanding the complementary nature of paid and volunteer crowds for content creation
Authors: Flores-Saviaga Claudia , Granados Ricardo , Savage Liliana , Escobedo Lizbeth , Savage Saiph
Published: February 2021

Crowdsourced content creation like articles or slogans can be powered by crowds of volunteers or workers from paid task markets. Volunteers often have expertise and are intrinsically motivated, but are a limited resource, and are not always reliably available. On the other hand, paid crowd workers are reliably available, can be guided to produce high-quality content, but cost money. How can these different populations of crowd workers be leveraged together to power cost-effective yet high-quality crowd-powered content-creation systems? To answer this question, we need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each. We conducted an online study where we hired paid crowd workers and recruited volunteers from social media to complete three content creation tasks for three real-world non-profit organizations that focus on empowering women. These tasks ranged in complexity from simply generating keywords or slogans to creating a draft biographical article. Our results show that paid crowds completed work and structured content following editorial guidelines more effectively.  However, volunteer crowds provide content that is more original. Based on the findings, we suggest that crowd-powered content-creation systems could gain the best of both worlds by leveraging volunteers to scaffold the direction that original content should take; while having paid crowd workers structure content and prepare it for real world use.
An IoMT system for health monitoring in athletes
Authors: García Michel Eduardo , Santana-Mancilla Pedro C , Fajardo-Flores Silvia B , Gaytan-Lugo Laura S , Pérez Andrade Víctor H , Amezcua Cobián Geraldyluz , Virgen Casillas Oscar , Zaizar Fregoso Sergio A
Published: February 2021

Continuous health monitoring in real-time has become essential to improve people's quality of life through medical prescription or personal control. Our goal is to develop a wearable IoMT device with real-time monitoring of heart rate and breathing patterns while an athlete performs physical exercise at high-intensity intervals. The wearable IoMT device incorporates vital signs sensors to record and display information in a mobile application, allowing users to track their health and receive an alert if the data exceeds normal parameters.
Analysis of surface temperature changes in the foothill zone of South Russia on the example of Kislovodsk
Authors:   High-Mountain Geophysical Institute, Tashilova A.A.
Published: February 2021

Based on the series of surface air temperature (average, absolute maxima, absolute minima) for 1961-2018, obtained from instrumental data from the Kislovodsk station, an analysis of changes in seasonal and annual temperatures is carried out. We obtained averaged values in the base (1961-1990, normal) and modern (1991-2018) periods, the results of the t-test for determining the statistical equality/inequality of temperatures for two sub-periods, as well as characteristics of the distribution shape (asymmetry, kurtosis), the rate of temperature change with the criterion of statistical significance (F-test), the value of the Hurst exponent H for determining the stability of the series. Based on the results of statistical and fractal analysis, it can be concluded about a steady increase in temperatures (with the selection of summer averages, maximum and minimum) in the foothill zone of southern Russia (Kislovodsk).
A BIOECONOMIA COMO ALTERNATIVA COMPLEMENTAR AO MODELO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DO AMAZONAS Bioeconomy as a complementary alternative to the Amazon development model
Authors: Silva Michele Lins Aracaty e , Oliveira Marcílio Lima de
Published: February 2021

O uso da Bioeconomia como alternativa complementar em uma experiência concreta, enriquece a compreensão de sua relação com o atual modelo de desenvolvimento regional amazonense. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar se a Bioeconomia se insere neste cenário e representa uma pré-condição para um melhor aproveitamento das potencialidades regionais e o uso de PPP. Para tanto, estruturou-se uma recapitulação e caracterização do desenvolvimento regional amazonense. Como contribuição, insere novos elementos aos estudos que projetam elevação produtiva da ordem de R$ 9,7 bi, a qual representa uma elevação na demanda superior a 10% e mais de 59.809 empregos criados ao longo de 10 anos. Assim, podemos olhar para a Bioeconomia como uma alternativa complementar ao atual modelo ora responsável por concentração populacional e de renda e, por extensão, altere as condições sociais vigentes.
Behavioural public administration: a systematic review on the effects of cognitive biases on public adminstration decisions
Authors: Iwasa Fabio Takeji , De Almeida Fernando Carvalho
Published: February 2021

Public administration and psychology can dialogue by outlining a distinct approach in public administration that integrates both fields of study: behavioral public administration. The behavioral public administration can be beneficial for practitioners, such as policy makers, public managers, and public professionals, by the development of usable knowledge. This paper aims to elaborate a systematic literature review of the findings on the application of the behavioral economics principles on the public administration and the effects of cognitive biases from the behavioral economics perspectives on public managerial decisions. It will provide a comprehensive overview of the problems that could emerge from this decision-making process. The main contribution that is objected through this research is consolidate the current state of the art on the cognitive biases studies within Public Administration and identify the application and theoretical knowledge gaps that can provide new research opportunities. RESUMOA administração pública e a psicologia podem dialogar delineando uma abordagem distinta na administração pública que integra os dois campos de estudo: administração pública comportamental. A administração pública comportamental pode ser benéfica para os profissionais, como formuladores de políticas, gestores públicos e profissionais públicos, pelo desenvolvimento de conhecimento utilizável. Este artigo tem como objetivo elaborar uma revisão sistemática da literatura dos achados sobre a aplicação dos princípios da economia comportamental na administração pública e os efeitos dos vieses cognitivos da perspectiva da economia comportamental nas decisões gerenciais públicas. Ele fornecerá uma visão abrangente dos problemas que podem surgir desse processo de tomada de decisão. A principal contribuição que se objetiva com esta pesquisa é consolidar o estado da arte atual sobre os estudos de vieses cognitivos na Administração Pública e identificar as lacunas de aplicação e de conhecimento teórico que podem proporcionar novas oportunidades de pesquisa.
Un viejo drama humanitario recién descubierto que desnuda hipocresías e incapacidades políticas
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 69, No. 737-738, 2014: 147-153.
Zubiri y el proyecto de filosofía de liberación de Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 69, No. 737-738, 2014: 155-183.
Ritmos de crecimiento, reestructuraciones sociales y enfrentamiento político
Authors: Escolán Romero Gabriel
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 69, No. 737-738, 2014: 257-277.
Los mártires de la UCA y la Compañía de Jesús en los Estados Unidos
Authors: Smolich Thomas H.
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 69, No. 739, 2014: 415-419.
Memoria colectiva
Authors: Villa Gómez Juan David , Avendaño Manuela
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 72, No. 750, 2017:247-275.
Mons. Oscar Arnulfo Romero, mártir de la esperanza
Authors: Ezzati Andrello Ricardo
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos,Vol. 72, No. 750, 2017: 363-368.
Una oportunidad para la verdad, la justicia y la reparación
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 72, No. 751, 2017: 375-383.
Esta sociedad quiere apagar la voz de Dios
Authors: Vásquez Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 72, No. 751, 2017: 505-513.
El impacto del manejo de la pandemia del COVID-19 en el deterioro de la democracia en El Salvador
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 760, 2020: 3-22.
Memoria y vida de las víctimas del conflicto armado en El Salvador
Authors: Juániz Maya José Ramón
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 760, 2020: 37-46.
Identidad, subordinación y violencia en las relaciones de género
Authors: López Hernández Diana Carolina , Molina Amaya Ricardo Alejandro , Palma Rebollo Pamela Cristina
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 760, 2020: 47-78.
El accionar prosocial desde la potencialidad humana en jóvenes adolescentes con factores de riesgo en El Salvador
Authors: Calderón Alfaro Francisco Antonio , Chávez Alfaro Sara Carmelina , Iraheta Iraheta René Edgardo
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 760, 2020: 79-108.
La universidad al servicio del pueblo
Authors: Meinhardt Giovani
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 760, 2020: 23-35.
La COVID-19 y el camino de reconciliación con la muerte
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 761, 2020: 3-13.
Del impacto de la realidad como experiencia emocional al realismo crítico como posición epistemológica
Authors: Blanco Amalio
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 761, 2020: 39-69.
El maltrato infantil en El Salvador
Authors: Romero Lucía , Blanco Amalio
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
 ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 761, 2020: 71-99.
Efficacy of Uttar Basti in Urethral Stricture – A Review
Authors: Koju Pratigya , Shah Bijendra , Kishor Shah Dr Raj
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Narrowing of lumen of urethra is known as urethral stricture.70% of uretral stricture is inscidious at bulb. Trauma,infections like( TB,Gonorrhoea), TURP are the main causes of urethral stricture. Symptoms include varying amt of urethral dischargeæ morning dew drop”,difficulty in micturation,dribbling of urine, increased frequency,incomplete voiding of urine etc. According to modern literature, urethroplasty and dilatation of urethra are the treatment procedures followed for urethral stricture. In Ayurveda urethral stricture can be correlated with mutra marga samkocha. According to Sushruta Samhita uttarbasti is one of the effective procedure for mutra marga samkocha. Material and methods: This paper provides a collective information regarding Mutra Marga Samkocha( Urethral Stricture), from Nighantu, Samhita and Modern Medicine.Uttarbasti is performed by the use of oils like Bala taila,Tila taila,Apamarga kshar taila etc. Result and Discussion: Most of the concerned informations are retrieved from published international journals and classical text of Ayurveda. As per published research papers uttarbasti is highly effective in case of urethral stricture. Conclusion:
Histopathologic Characteristics of Childhood Malignant Tumours in a Referral Medical Centre in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Usman , Muhammad Haruna Sanusi , Hassan Ibrahim , Sulaiman Kabir , Umar Adoke Kasimu , Abbas Aminu
Published: February 2021

Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious disorders and malnutrition. However, other conditions including neoplastic diseases may be unassuming challenges to the attending physician. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and histopathological pattern of malignant tumours among children in a northern Nigerian tertiary health institution. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of malignant tumours in children aged fifteen years and below diagnosed over a ten year period (1st January 2011- 31st December 2020). Histopathology laboratory records at the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, were reviewed and all diagnoses of malignant tumours were extracted. The findings were compared with similar studies elsewhere. Results: There were 36 children with confirmed cases of malignant tumours; 22 males and 14 females. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The peak age of incidence was 11-15years. The most common childhood malignant tumours were rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Head and neck region was the commonest area of affectation. Conclusion: The most common malignant tumours in children in our setting are sarcomas and small round blue cell tumours of childhood affecting predominantly older male children with head and neck regional predilections. Malignant tumours in children though not very common, are an important aspect of paediatric disorders to the attending physician due to their high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of such can be challenging to the pathologist, especially in resource constrain environments. High index of suspicion is therefore advocated to detect the tumour in its early stage that is associated with low morbidity and mortality.
Evaluation Remarks about Slovenian Parliamentary Democracy at Its Twenty-Fifth Anniversary
Authors: Kustec Lipicer Simona
Published: February 2021

In order to evaluate the existing practices of the Slovenian parliamentary democracy, the author conducted a chronological overview of the shifts in prevailing democratic patterns, starting with the first parliamentary elections after the country gained independence onwards. Parliamentary and governmental political party behaviour was central to the analysis and, thus, was analysed using both statistical data and secondary sources, which primarily consisted of academic and research papers and media records. The analysis revealed that Slovenian parliamentary democracy in the initial (first) decade was according to the electoral data predictable and by programme orientation oriented towards democratic development. However, over the past three election cycles (second decade), the situation began to change quickly, indicating a predominance of internal party interests and conflicts that affect the country’s entire democratic arena. One of the main findings of the article suggests that political parties in Slovenia remain a fundamentally important pillar of parliamentary democracy, but their roles and activities within the parliamentary, governmental and other arenas increasingly warn of their central mission and democratic system functions. It can be detected that the potentials for electoral uncertainties increase with the intensities of internal and inter-parties’ conflicts which all give distinctly negative connotation to the country’s parliamentary democracy. To reverse the curve of parliamentary democracy in a country upwards again a new period of democratic transformation should be activated, built on the principles of a new model of democratic and party governance, as well as also global sustainability policies. A clear distance from narrow internal political parties’ interests, conflicts and in this regard negative competition needs to be considered as well.
Before that: The Formation of Slovenian Statehood prior to its Independence
Authors: Čepič Zdenko
Published: February 2021

In his article, the author discusses the formation of Slovenia in the “short” 20th century as the predecessor of the independent and sovereign Republic of Slovenia. The establishment of the Republic of Slovenia as an independent and sovereign state is considered a dissolution or the opposite of the unification into the Yugoslav state in 1918 and 1943/45. The break-up was legally and politically based in self-determination, a principle on which the Yugoslav state was formed and on the grounds of which the Republic of Slovenia severed its political and legal ties with Yugoslavia.  The author thoroughly examines the three instances in which self-determination was exercised as a way in which the Slovenians either entered the Yugoslav state (1918, 1943/45) or departed from it (1990/91). Although the principle of self-determination was asserted by a different entity in each of these instances, their purpose and substance are connected in terms of cause as each previous instance served as a prerequisite for the success of the next. Especially without the second instance of self-determination, which served as the basis for the second Yugoslavia (1943/45–1991), it would be impossible to achieve the third self-determination, which led to the formation of the independent and sovereign state of Slovenia in 1991.
What to say? – marking the 25th Anniversary of Slovenian Independence
Authors: Perovšek Jurij
Published: February 2021

In his paper, the author points out the negative aspects of the social, political and economic development in the Republic of Slovenia, following its independence. What stands out is the uncontrolled privatisation of former public and state property, which was rooted in dishonest intentions, profiteering and greed, and resulted in a small part of the population becoming very rich. The legal system and the politics are largely to blame for the situation, as they failed to prepare suitable laws that would prevent it from happening. Trust, the very foundation of democracy, is not something that would currently be associated with the politicians. The society has witnessed the rise of narcissistic characters who only care for their own well-being and who trample over others, while the companies' executives are doing their best to eradicate any social concern. Society is being shaken by severe ideological conflicts, which prevent a national consensus on the ethical foundation of the Slovenian state and the purpose of its existence. Those who fully embraced the national sentiment and expected a historic rise of Slovenianism when Slovenia became independent were disappointed by such development of events. In recent years, historiography and psychiatry have been examining the issue in a number of publications, including monographs.
Obrisi organiziranosti komunistične stranke v času druge Jugoslavije
Authors: Čepič Zdenko
Published: February 2021

Na osnovi analize statutov, ki so opredeljevali organizacijska načela v drugi Jugoslaviji vladajoče stranke, Komunistične partije Jugoslavije (do 1952) in Zveze komunistov Jugoslavije (od 1952 do 1990), del te je bila kot organizacijski del tudi stranka slovenskih komunistov KPS/ZKS, predstavlja avtor bistvene organizacijske prvine in načela te stranke. Organizacija stranke, tako glede pravil za organizacijo in delovanje stranke kot uresničevanje le-teh, je bila za delovanje stranke pomembna v njeni politični in oblastni vlogi. V nasprotju z državo, ki jo je vodila ves čas druge Jugoslavije, ki je doživljala glede svoje organizacije, tj. federativnosti razvoj v krepitvi vloge posameznih federalnih enot (republik) in njenega »osamosvajanja« v odnosu do zveznih državnih (upravnih) oblasti, je ostajala vladajoča stranka ves ta čas organizacijsko centralistično organizirana pa tudi vodena. To je bilo po mnenju njenih voditeljev zagotovilo za trdnost in ustaljenost države, ki jo je vodila (ji je vladala).
Nihče jim ne zaupa, pa še kar nastajajo. Izvenparlamentarne politične stranke na Slovenskem od demokratičnih sprememb do danes
Authors: Hadalin Jurij
Published: February 2021

Prispevek poskuša detektirati nekaj osnovnih pojavov v slovenskem politično-strankarskem življenju v daljšem loku – od prvih povojnih demokratičnih volitev leta 1990 do danes. Atomizirano slovensko politično sceno je sicer v takšnem pregledu težko zajeti v celoti, zato ob splošnih primerjavah bralcu ponuja nekaj vinjet iz obravnavanega obdobja.
"However, the language here is changing gradually, and in the presence of so many local dialects the Croatian and its kindred Slovenian world cannot be separated very precisely" – Drawing the Slovenian-Croatian National Border in the Territory of the Present-day Prekmurje Region
Authors: Kosi Jernej
Published: February 2021

The article analyses the process involved in the formation of the idea to separate the "Slovenian" and "Croatian" national territory in the west of the Kingdom of Hungary. The concept was initially articulated as a linguistic premise in the works written by the famous linguist Jernej Kopitar, who understood the territory of the today's Prekmurje region as an area where Slovenian language was spoken. As of the middle of the 19th century, Kopitar's classification had been appropriated by the Slovenian national movement, which presupposed that the speakers of the Slovenian language in the Kingdom of Hungary were also members of the envisioned Slovenian community. In this context the Slovenian linguistic – national border was, in the middle of the 19th century, depicted on a map for the first time (Peter Kozler). In just a few decades, the idea of the national demarcation line in the today's Prekmurje, supposedly separating Slovenians from Croats at the river Mura, had strengthened considerably among the Slovenian national activists in the Cisleithanian lands. After the dissolution of Austro-Hungary and the signing of the Treaty of Trianion, this line in fact became a border between the Slovenian and the neighbouring Croatian national space.
Zahodnonemške priprave na smrt predsednika Josipa Broza Tita
Authors: Balantič Polona
Published: February 2021

Izhodišče članka je poseben položaj Jugoslavije (Sonderfall) v blokovski ureditvi sveta po koncu druge svetovne vojne, zaradi katerega so Zahodni zavezniki imeli interes za ohranjanje nevtralnega položaja Jugoslavije med Vzhodom in Zahodom. Na tej osnovi formulirano hipotezo, da so zahodni zavezniki v letih pričakovanja bližnje smrti predsednika Josipa Broza Tita kot garanta posebnega mednarodnopolitičnega položaja Jugoslavije, intenzivno spremljali indice morebitne notranje krize ali pa zunanje ogroženosti Jugoslavije v primeru Titove smrti, sem preverila z dostopnimi dokumenti v fondih političnega arhiva nemškega zunanjega ministrstva. Uporabljeni so bili dokumenti iz fondov, ki obravnavajo nemško-jugoslovanske odnose v obdobju 1974-1982, to je v obdobju kanclerja Helmuta Schmidta. V ospredju so dokumenti, ki analizirajo spremljanje stabilnosti Jugoslavije v organizacijah zahodnih zaveznikov (zveza NATO, Evropska skupnost).Analiza pokaže, da so zahodni zavezniki predvsem od leta 1976 snovali možne ukrepe za podporo stabilnosti in ohranitvi neodvisne Jugoslavije v primeru notranje destabilizacije Jugoslavije ali poskusih zunanje intervencije v notranje razmere v jugoslovanski državi v primeru smrti predsednika Tita. Analiza obenem tudi vodi do sklepa, da je skozi tu obravnavano obdobje neposredna intervencija Sovjetske zveze kot potencialna grožnja Jugoslaviji stopala v ozadje, kot ključni negativni dejavniki pa so bili ocenjeni dolgotrajna gospodarska in dolžniška kriza ter notranja mednacionalna trenja. Da so do teh sklepov prišli tudi zahodni zavezniki, potrjujejo odločitve članic severnoatlantskega zavezništva in evropske gospodarske skupnosti, med slednjimi pa še posebej Zvezne republike Nemčije, za sprejetje ukrepov za podporo jugoslovanskemu gospodarstvu. Podrobno spremljanje dogajanja v Jugoslaviji in shema Evropske skupnosti za približevanje Jugoslavije ES ter sklepi posebnega gremija znotraj zveze NATO za opazovanje Jugoslavije potrjujejo v obdobju 1974-1982 nezmanjšan interes Zahoda za ohranjanje Jugoslavije kot od obeh blokov Hladne vojne neodvisne države in v tem garanta stabilnosti v srednjeevropskem in sredozemskem prostoru.
Politična stranka v vojaški strukturi : Organizacija KPJ / ZKJ v Jugoslovanski armadi in Jugoslovanski ljudski armadi 1945-1990
Authors: Guštin Damijan
Published: February 2021

Avtor analizira organizacijsko strukturo politične organizacije KPJ/ZKJ, ki je delovala v vojski FLRJ / SFRJ v letih 1945-1990. V skladu s zasnovo socialistične vojske in organiziranostjo po principu delovnih okolij je v JA / JLA stranka neposredno imela svoje organizacije in politične organe. Organizacija je povezovala vse člane KPJ / ZKJ, ki so bili vključeni v obrambni sistem: profesionalne pripadnike (oficirje, podoficirje in civilne osebe v službi JLA) kot tudi vojaške obveznike med služenjem vojaškega roka. Politična organizacija je v tem okolju delovala v piramidalni strukturi od osnovnih organizacij do osrednjega vodstva za celotne oborožene sile, pretežno sledeč vsakokratni členitvi vojaških sil. Zaradi forsiranega včlanjevanja je bilo v članstvu vseskozi velika večina častniškega zbora, podčastnikov in drugih zaposlenih v vojski, občasno pa tudi večje število vojakov, ki so služili vojaški rok. Organizacija je bila vse obravnavano obdobje pod posebnim neposrednim skrbstvom osrednjega političnega organa stranke, Centralnega komiteja in njegovega politbiroja. Zaradi federalne strukture ZKJ je bila Organizacija ZKJ v JLA najpomembnejši sestavni del ZKJ; leta 1974 pa jo je vodstvo ZKJ po polni federalni organiziranosti ZKJ preoblikovalo v posebno organizacijo, po statusu (skoraj) enakovredno republiškim organizacijam ZKJ.
An Emperor by a Different Name: School Commemoration in Habsburg Austria and the Second Austrian Republic
Authors: Moore Scott O.
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the connections between patriotic school celebrations in late-Habsburg Austria and similar celebrations in the Second Austrian Republic.  Similar to other states, Habsburg Austria utilized public schools as a vehicle for patriotic education.  One of the most obvious examples of this fact were the annual commemorations of the emperor’s birth. During these commemorations, schools across the Habsburg Monarchy would have students recite patriotic poems, sing patriotic songs, and listen to speeches detailing the virtues of their monarch. While these commemorations ended with the Monarchy, this paper illustrates that these events experienced a curious afterlife in postwar Austria.Even though Austria attempted to craft an identity independent of its former imperial past when the Monarchy collapsed, the legacy of imperial commemoration and state-building continued to influence the way Austria conceptualized patriotic celebration. This legacy was especially strong after World War II. Using previously unexamined speeches, programs, and organizational materials from Austrian school celebrations after 1945, along with similar sources from the Habsburg period, this paper will show that postwar Austrian schools used programs identical to those from the Habsburg period to develop the patriotism of students. This examination illustrates the legacy of the imperial administration on its remnants and the power of unconscious bureaucratic memory which can survive generations after border change and state collapse. As a result, it helps to develop our understanding of border memory in Central Europe and enhances our understanding of memory in states after changes to its constitution and lands.
Being a Modern Christian and Worker in the Czechoslovak National State (1918–1938)
Authors: Jemelka Martin
Published: February 2021

The declaration of the new Czechoslovak national state in October 1918 brought revolutionary changes not only to the political, social, economic and cultural scene, but also to the religious life of the country. The new Czechoslovak national church created thirteen months later combined national orientation, the reformed clerical movement, theological modernism, the Hussite and reformation tradition and protest against the Catholic Church, definitively discredited in World War I. The newly established Czechoslovak Church received support from various authorities and was seen as the proper option for the good Czechoslovak citizen, primarily the worker. At the same time, it produced a violent conversion movement (1921, 1930) and many local conflicts (1920s). The paper will focus on the workers’ religious and national identification and changes in today’s Ostrava region – an industrial region (the centre of Czechoslovak heavy industry) situated on the ethnic borderline and in the melting pot of many nationalities (Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Germans and Jews). It will analyse the interactions between class and the religious and national identification of workers. It will try to clarify the process and the motivation to convert between different churches. Special attention will be given to conversions among the working class population in the 1920s and 1930s. This analysis will be based on conversion protocols, census documents from 1921 and 1930 and ecclesiastical files of the Roman Catholic and Czechoslovak church.
Family Networks and the “Generational Key” in the Renewed Approaches of Social Questioning of the Slovak Elite at the Beginning of the 20th Century.
Authors: Boisserie Etienne
Published: February 2021

Until the 1890s, most public affairs surrounding the Slovak elites were managed from the small town of Turčianský Sväty Martin in Turiec County, and based on a long-lasting programme drawn up in 1861 that mainly focused, in a classical approach from the late 1840s, on language and national individuality of the Slovaks vis-à-vis both Hungarians and Czechs.A shift occurred from the early 1900s onwards, deeply modifying the main axis of public and social activities of the educated Slovak milieu. This shift coincided with an emerging new generation influenced by foreign experiences observed personally during their studies in the Empire – and in the Czech Lands especially – or abroad. It was also based on long-standing family ties and local/regional solidarities. This paper studies how and to what extent these factors deeply renewed the approach of social reflection in the mostly Slovak Counties of the Kingdom of Hungary during the first decade of the 20th century.
"What does it have to do with us?" – Rethinking the Russian Revolution in Germany
Authors: Schulz Andreas
Published: February 2021

The author reviews exhibitions and recent publications in Germany which commemorate the centennial of the October Revolution 1917. After a full century of research there is little left of glory and heroism that had been present at the dawn of the »Great Socialist October Revolution«. A de-mystification has taken place which relocates the proclaimed »World Revolution« into the frame of Russian history. But this nationalization of the revolution tends to marginalize the global effects of the Red October, especially when the Bolshevik seizure of power is simply explained as a successful effort to transform anarchy into an organised regime of terror practised by a determined and self-sacrificing Avantgarde. While the totalitarian approach neglects the social origins of the Revolution, recent cultural studies emphasise contingent factors downrating revolutionary uprisings as an escalation of civil war in contaminated »landscapes of violence«. Leaving behind such entire explanations and grand designs, the second part of this paper wants to draw attention to the enduring structural changes which the Russian Revolution caused in post-war Europe. The author concentrates his arguments on three levels, beginning with the political institutions, secondly, the economic and social order, and thirdly, the demographic change.
On the Global Impact of the Russian October Revolution of 1917
Authors: Bebler Anton
Published: February 2021

The 1917 Russian October Revolution upset the political order in Europe, causing a significant geopolitical change on two continents and exerting various degrees of influence on the politics on six continents for several decades. However, the Revolution failed in its primary declared strategic objective – to destroy and abolish world capitalism. Moreover, it became discredited in its own country of origin and in most of Europe – much more than in many non-European countries, particularly Asia.
Slovenski komunisti o oktobrski revoluciji v obdobju 1920–1945
Authors: Deželak-Barič Vida
Published: February 2021

Prispevek obravnava percepcijo in prezentacijo pomena oktobrske revolucije v krogu slovenskih komunistov v času 1920–1945. Temelji predvsem na sočasnem legalnem in ilegalnem tisku, ki ga je izdajala komunistična stranka, in je bilo vsaj delno dostopno širšemu krogu bralcev. Analiza gradiva izkazuje izjemno afirmativen odnos do oktobrske revolucije, saj so jo slovenski komunisti kot del jugoslovanske komunistične stranke in mednarodnega komunističnega gibanja pod okriljem Kominterne smatrali za najpomembnejši prelom v zgodovini človeštva. Ob  obletnicah revolucije so ponavljajoče se poudarjali temeljna načela, ki so pod vodstvom boljševiške stranke omogočila zmagovito izpeljavo revolucije, in zatem na tej osnovi uveljavitev socializma v Sovjetski zvezi. Medtem ko so med obema svetovnima vojnama poudarjali predvsem napredek na gospodarskem, kulturnem in socialnem področju, so med drugo svetovno vojno poudarjali moč sovjetske države in njene Rdeče armade, ki je bila sposobna zoperstaviti se Hitlerju, vendar je tudi ta moč utemeljena na »pridobitvah« Oktobra.
»Komunizem največja nevarnost naše dobe« – o idejnopolitičnem profilu vodstva političnega katolicizma na Slovenskem na predvečer napada sil osi na Kraljevino Jugoslavijo
Authors: Godeša Bojan
Published: February 2021

Prispevek obravnava  idejnopolitični profil vodstva političnega katolicizma na Slovenskem na predvečer napada sil osi na Kraljevino Jugoslavijo, ki je  stremelo k korporativno urejeni družbi, organizirani na podlagi papeških okrožnic in cerkvenega nauka. Zgled so bili stari stanovski koncepti iz »zlate dobe srednjega veka«. Pri tem katoliškim ideologom ni bilo jasno, kako naj bi jih v praksi uresničili. Poleg tega je bil politični režim v Sloveniji  določen z režimom širše jugoslovanske države. V takšnih okoliščinah je bil brezkompromisni antikomunizem v času med svetovnima vojnama na Slovenskem    instrumentaliziran predvsem kot sredstvo, ki naj bi  katoliškemu taboru pripomoglo  k rekatolizaciji slovenske družbe.  Sicer je  bil družbeni koncept, ki ga je  zagovarjala katoliška hierarhija na Slovenskem, povsem  kompatibilen s totalitarnim in rasističnim  Hitlerjevim »novim redom«.  Kot tak je bil  povezan z usodo sil osi v vojni in  je po letu 1945 v celoti izgubili svojo legitimnost v demokratični evropski družbeni stvarnosti.
Reflections on the Russian Revolution
Authors: Wiatr Jerzy J.
Published: February 2021

The Russian revolution of 1917 was one of the turning points in world history, even if its radical (communist) stage proved to be a historical blind street. There was just one revolution – not two, as it had been interpreted by the Soviet historiography. The uniqueness of the Russian revolution results from the fact that the radical seizure of power in November 1917 turned to be the beginning of a long process of totalitarian dictatorship, which lasted for mor than seventy years. Today, it is the heritage of the victory in the Second World War that constitutes the founding myth of modern Russian state.
Rudolf Golouh na križiščih socialnih/socialističnih idej in gibanj prve polovice 20. stoletja
Authors: Lešnik Avgust
Published: February 2021

Mineva 130 let od rojstva in 35 let od smrti delavskega voditelja in organizatorja sindikalnega gibanja Rudolfa Golouha (Koper, 1887 – Ljubljana, 1982), vodilnega socialista v severovzhodni Sloveniji med dvema vojnama. V ospredju našega zanimanja so Golouhovi socialni/socialistični idejni pogledi na družbene razmere in dinamični družbeni čas prve polovice prejšnjega stoletja, kot ga je sam doživljal pa tudi aktivno soustvarjal: sprva kot anarhist v Trstu, nato kot socialni demokrat, komunist in nazadnje socialist.
Medicina pod mrtvaško glavo: SS-Lazarett Laibach 1943–1945
Authors: Kocjancic Klemen
Published: February 2021

Članek je namenjen predstavitvi esesovske vojaške bolnišnice v Ljubljani, ki je bila med letoma 1943 in 1945 edina nemška stalna vojaška bolnišnica na slovenskem ozemlju med drugo svetovno vojno. Poleg tega, da je bila bolnišnica nastanjena v več poslopjih v Ljubljani, je imela izpostave tudi na Bledu. Esesovski vojaški zdravniki so skrbeli za zdravljenje tako nemških vojakov, kot tudi pripadnikov protikomunističnih formacij v nemški službi, ki so delovale na slovenskem ozemlju. V Ljubljani sta poleg vojaške bolnišnice delovala še osrednji laboratorij in osrednje sanitetno skladišče, ki sta pokrivala celotno Jugoslavijo.
The Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Authors: Gerden Tomaž
Published: February 2021

The measures at the level of the United Nations have been implemented in light of the scientific research on the increasing emissions of gases, predominantly created during fossil fuels combustion, which cause the warming of the atmosphere and result in harmful climate change effects. The adoption of this measures has also been demanded by non-governmental environmental organisations. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted by the leaders of the intergovernmental organisation members at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro. After the ratification process, it came into force in March 1994. It also provided for the drawing-up of an appendix: a Protocol on the obligatory reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The Parties to the Framework Convention started the negotiations at their first annual conference COP1 in Berlin in March and April 1995. Due to their modest greenhouse gas emissions per capita and their right to development, the developing states demanded that the obligatory reductions of these emissions only be implemented by the industrially-developed countries. In the latter camp, the European Union favoured a tougher implementation; the United States of America argued for a less demanding agreement due to the pressure of the oil and coal lobbies; while the OPEC member countries were against all measures. After lengthy negotiations, the Protocol was adopted at the end of the COP3 Conference in Kyoto on 11 December 1997. It only involved a group of industrially developed countries, which undertook to reduce their emissions by 5.2 %, on average, until the year 2012 in comparison with the base-year of 1990. In the EU as well as in Slovenia, an 8 % reduction was implemented. As the United States of America withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2001, its ratification was delayed. It came into force on 16 February 2005, after it had been ratified by more than 55 UN member states, together responsible for more than 55 % of the total global greenhouse gas emissions.
Slovenski pravniki v političnem življenju stare Avstrije in prve Jugoslavije
Authors: Gašparič Jure
Published: February 2021

Avtor v razpravi obravnava delež in vlogo pravnikov v slovenskem političnem življenju v času od preloma 19. v 20. stoletje do začetka druge svetovne vojne na Slovenskem. Najprej v primerjalnem okviru predstavi visok delež pravnikov med politiki, pri čemer je posebej pozoren na poslance in ministre, ilustrativno pa prikaže tudi delež pravnikov na ostalih področjih (med župani, oblastnimi odborniki, strankarskimi funkcionarji, bani). V nadaljevanju na tej podlagi izriše kolektivno biografijo pravnikov – politikov.