bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiao Jing , Lv Jingyi , Wang Shiyu , Zhou Yang , Chen Lunwen , Lu Juying , Zhang Xiaoyi , Wang Xiaojian , Gu Yunjuan , Lu Qingyun
Published: February 2021

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common around the world, but the association between vitamin D deficiency with metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases is unclear.Methods: A subset of 2393 participants from the Nantong Chronic Diseases Study (NCDS) of 2017-2018 were included in this study.The risk of MS and its associated diseases from low vitamin D levels were assessed by genetic scores using two 25(OH)D synthesis single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (DHCR7-rs12785878 and CYP2R1-rs10741657), one transport SNP (GC-rs2282679) and one catabolism SNP (CYP24A1-rs6013897).Results: Odds Ratios (ORs) for decreased risk of MS and type 2 diabetes (T2D) was 0.73 and 0.79 in the deficient, 0.53 and 0.67 in the insufficient, and 0.54 and 0.60 in the sufficient categories of serum vitamin D levels, respectively. Mendelian randomization analysis showed per 25nmol/L higher genetically instrumented serum 25(OH)D concentration using the two synthesis SNPs: DHCR7+CYP2R1 genes, associated with a 7% lower risk of T2D. The highest tertile vs the lowest tertile of genetic scores using the three SNPs of DHCR7+CYP2R1+GC genes showed a 10% lower risk of T2D. Also, the group with higher genetic scores among these two and three SNPs were both associated with lower risk of abnormal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P=0.0162 and 0.0045 respectively).Conclusions: Our Mendelian randomization analysis showed no genetic evidence for a causal role of lower vitamin D level in the development of MS, but showed a causal role in the development of T2D and DBP in middle-aged and elderly participants from rural China.
Analysis of the Poverty Reduction Effect of Medical Security on Poverty Caused by Illness of the Middle-aged and Elderly Poor People in Rural China
Authors: Liu Li , Deng Jing , YU Xue , CHEN Ailing , LIU Rui , CHENG Peihua
Published: February 2021

Background The Chinese government has adopted a series of medical security policies to reduce health poverty. This study analyzes the poverty caused by illness (PCI) of the middle-aged and elderly poor population (MAEPP) in rural China, and simulates the poverty reduction effect (PRE) of medical security on medical expenses. Methods The FGT index is used to measure the PCI of the MAEPP in eastern, central, and western regions of China before and after medical security compensation, and further simulate the PRE of medical security under different compensation ratios. Results The rural MAEPP in the eastern, central and western regions have different levels of PCI. The eastern region is higher than that in the central and western regions; the expenditure-based poverty caused by outpatient expenses is higher than the cost of hospitalization and self-treatment, and the self-treatment burden of the poor is large; The higher the compensation rate of medical security, the better the effect of poverty reduction. Conclusions Medical security has played a positive role in improving poverty. The PRE of medical security policies in different regions are different, and outpatient compensation in medical security has a better effect on poverty reduction.
Increases of phospho-Tau (Ser202/Thr205) in the olfactory regions are associated with impaired EEG and olfactory behavior in traumatic brain injury mice
Authors: Yoon Younghyun , Seol YunHee , Im Hyoenjoo , Han Hio-Been , Choi Jee Hyun , Ryu Hoon
Published: February 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive impairments with an increased risk for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Among these various impairments, olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in TBI patients. However, there are very few studies that show the association between olfactory dysfunction and repetitive TBI, which accounts for the majority of all head injuries. In this present study, we investigated the effects of repetitive TBI on olfactory functioning and the related pathological neuronal injuries in mice. Through pathological examination, we found a significant increase in p-Tau (S202/T205) in olfactory bulb-associated areas such as the Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (AON), Pyriform Cortex (PC), Tenia Tecta (TT), and Olfactory Tubercle (OT). Neuronal atrophy in the Lateral Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (AOL), Granule Layer Olfactory Bulb (GrO), and Dorsal Tenia Tecta (DTT) was also found to be correlated with p-Tau levels. Furthermore, electroencephalography (EEG) of repetitive TBI mouse models showed impaired spontaneous delta oscillation, as well as altered cross-frequency coupling between delta phase and amplitudes of the fast oscillations in the resting-state olfactory bulb. Also, abnormal alterations in EEG band powers were observed during the olfactory oddball paradigm test. This study provides evidence of pathological and physiological alterations in the mouse olfactory system caused by repetitive TBI. Together, p-Tau alterations and EEG impairments may serve as important biomarkers of olfactory track-associated dysfunctions and behavioral impairments commonly observed in repetitive TBI patients.
Longitudinal Variability in Mortality Predicts Covid-19 Deaths
Authors: Lundberg Jon O. , Zeberg Hugo
Published: February 2021

Within Europe, death rates due to covid-19 vary greatly, with some countries being hardly hit while others to date are almost unaffected. This has created a very heated debate in particular regarding how effective the different measures applied by the governments are in limiting the spread of the disease and ultimately deaths. It would be of considerable interest to pinpoint the factors that determine a country’s susceptibility to a pandemic such as covid-19. Here we present data demonstrating that mortality due to covid-19 in a given country could have been predicted even before the pandemic hit Europe, simply by looking at longitudinal variability of death rates in the years preceding the current outbreak. The variability in death rates during the winter influenza seasons of 2015-2019 correlate strongly to excess mortality caused by covid-19 in 2020 (R2=0.48, p<0,0001). In contrast, there was no correlation with age, population density, latitude, GNP, governmental health spending, degree of urbanization, or rates of influenza vaccination. These data suggest an intrinsic susceptibility in certain countries to excess mortality associated with viral respiratory diseases including covid-19.
Efficient and Compact SR-flip Flop Optical Memory Based Photonic Crystals Platform
Authors: Hassan Amr , Areed Nihal F. F. , Obayya Salah S. A. , Mikati Hamdi El
Published: February 2021

The paper presents a different type of designing methods and operational improvements of the optical logic memory SR-flip flop (SR-FF). The proposed optical memory SR-FF is based on two optical NOR logic gates which use two-dimension (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) with a square lattice of silicon (Si) dielectric rods. The structure has a switching time in only a few Picoseconds with little power input and very little power loss. The proposed optical memory SR-FF has a small dimension 38x22 μm2 which makes it one of the best optimized and most practical structures to be used in all photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The ultra-compact size enables the possibility of multiple devices to be embedded in a single PIC chip.
A Novel Stability Evaluation Technique for Clustering Algorithms in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Talib Mohammed Saad , Hassan Aslinda , Abas Zuraida Abal , Mohammed Ali A , Razzaq Arif , Ali Mohanad Faeq
Published: February 2021

The development of the technology and connected devices such as internet of things (IoT), internet of vehicles (IoV), and 5G motivate the researchers to give more attention in the field. Clustering is a key factor in vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) where a number of vehicles join to form a group based on common characteristics. Vehicles are distinguished by their high mobility in ad hoc vehicle networks. Changes frequently occur in the topology of VANET, causing continuous failures in network communication. In such a dynamic environment, the creation and maintenance of a stable cluster are significant challenges. The evaluation of stability in VANET clustering is an important part to evaluate the clustering approaches. In this paper, a mathematical technique (based on the birth-death process) is created to evaluate the clusters stability based on the number of leaving and joining vehicles to each cluster after its creation. The stability of the created clusters is tested by checking the number of vehicles in each cluster at different successive times. These tests indicate the joining and leaving vehicles to each cluster and their effects on the cluster stability. When the results of the technique show that the standard deviation is small for each cluster, it can be concluded that the proposed clustering algorithm is able to achieve stability in cluster maintaining phase.
Laparoscopic Examination and Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) Approach with Biologic Mesh for Strangulated Direct Inguinal Hernia Accompanied by Small Intestinal Perforation
Authors: Xie Tianhao , Cheng Shujie , Fu Yan , Sun Xinli , Ren Xiangxiang , Zhang Jing , Ren Xiaojie , Jin Xiaoshi
Published: February 2021

Background A direct inguinal hernia is caused by a weakness or defect in the floor of the Hesselbach triangle. It is believed that direct hernias are less likely to strangulate than indirect hernias, because the neck of the direct hernia is wide enough to avoid strangulation. Approximately 8.6% of all incarcerated inguinal hernia contents can be returned to the abdominal cavity spontaneously after general anesthesia, and intestinal ischemia or necrosis was detected by laparoscopic examination in approximately 40.9% of cases. However, which surgical approach or mesh for an acutely incarcerated and strangulated groin hernia is still no consensus. We retrospectively enrolled 12 patients with incarcerated inguinal hernias accompanied by small intestinal perforation who underwent laparoscopic examination when the hernia content spontaneously returned into the abdominal cavity after induction of general anesthesia in our institution.Results 1 of the 12 patients had developed temporary seroma; the other 2 had early postoperative pain. No evidence of hernia recurrence, chronic pain, infection, scrotal swelling, paralyticileus, persistent seroma, mortality, or any other complications were found during the follow-up. At 1 year and most recent follow-up, all patients were satisfied with the treatment outcome.Conclusions It is a necessary to detect abdominal viscera when incarcerated inguinal hernia contents return to the abdominal cavity spontaneously after general anesthesia, and laparoscopic examination is an efficient method. Laparoscopic TAPP technique with biologic meshes is a feasible method to treat strangulated inguinal hernias accompanied by small intestinal perforation. To better understand whether TAPP or biologic mesh apply to strangulated inguinal hernia (especially enterectomy) and evaluate its wider application, this treatment will need to be tested in larger clinical trials.
Colonization with Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii and Prognosis in Critically Ill Patients: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Zheng Yue , Xu Nana , Pang Jiaojiao , Han Hui , Yang Hongna , Qin Weidong , Zhang Hui , Li Wei , Wang Hao , Chen Yuguo
Published: February 2021

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most often isolated opportunistic pathogens in intensive care units (ICUs). Extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDR-AB) strains lack susceptibility to almost all antibiotics and pose a heavy burden on healthcare institutions. In this study, we evaluated the impact of XDR-AB colonization on both the short-term and long-term survival of critically ill patients.Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients from two adult ICUs in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from April 2018 through December 2018. Using nasopharyngeal and perirectal swabs, we evaluated the presence of XDR-AB colonization. Participants were followed up for six months. Primary endpoints were 28-day and six-month mortality after ICU admission. For survival analysis, we used the Kaplan-Meier curve. We identified risk factors associated with 28-day and six-month mortality using the logistic regression model and Cox proportional-hazards survival regression model, respectively. Results: Out of 431 patients, 77 were colonized with XDR-AB. Based on the Kaplan-Meier curve results, the survival before 28 days did not differ by colonization status; however, a significant lower survival rate was obtained at six months in colonized patients. Univariate and multivariate results confirmed that XDR-AB colonization was not associated with 28-day mortality, but was an independent risk factor of lower survival days at six months, resulting in a 1.97 times higher risk of death at six months.Conclusions: XDR-AB colonization has no effect on short-term mortality but is associated with lower long-term survival in critically ill patients.
High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Lipocalin-2 and Omentin-1 Levels in Men with Obesity
Authors: Atashak Sirvan , Stannard Stephen R. , Daraei Ali , Soltani Mohammad , Saeidi Ayoub , Moradi Fatah , Laher Ismail , Hackney Anthony C. , Zouhal Hassane
Published: February 2021

Objectives: We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on selected circulating adipokines and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks factors in males with obesity. Methods: Thirty males with obesity were randomly assigned to HIIT and control groups. The HIIT group participated in a prescribed exercise program for 12 weeks, three times per week. Blood lipids, insulin resistance, and select serum adipokines were assessed before and after 12 weeks of the intervention period. Results: HIIT improved body composition and lipid profiles (p<0.05) as well as decreased fasting insulin levels (p=0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.002) levels. Furthermore, HIIT increased levels of lipocalin-2 (lcn2) (p=0.002) while decreasing omentin-1 levels (p=0.001) in males with obesity. Changes in lcn2 and omentin-1 concentrations correlated with the changes in risk factors in the HIIT group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that 12 weeks of supervised HIIT exercise significantly improves both circulating concentrations of lcn2 and omentin-1, two recently described adipokines, and markers of CVD risk in males with obesity. Further research is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms involved with these changes.
Pharmacological Activation of RXR-α Promotes Hematoma Absorption in a PPAR-γ-Dependent Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Chaoran , Chen Huaijun , Zhou Shengjun , Sun Chenjun , Xia Xiaolong , Peng Yucong , Zhuang Jianfeng , Fu Xiongjie , Zeng Hanhai , Zhou Hang , Cao Yang , Yu Qian , Li Yin , Hu Libin , Zhou Guoyang , Yan Feng , Chen Gao , Li Jianru
Published: February 2021

Endogenously eliminating the hematoma is a favorable strategy in addressing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study sought to determine the role of retinoid X receptor-α (RXR-α) in the context of hematoma absorption after ICH. Our results show pharmacologically activating RXR-α with bexarotene significantly accelerated hematoma clearance and alleviated neurological dysfunction after ICH. RXR-α was expressed in the microglia/macrophages, neurons, and astrocytes. Mechanistically, bexarotene promoted the nuclear translocation of RXR-α and PPAR-γ, alongside reducing neuroinflammation by modulating microglia/macrophages reprograming into the M2 phenotype from the M1 phenotype. However, all the beneficial effects of RXR-α in ICH were reversed by the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662. In conclusion, the pharmacological activation of RXR-α conferred robust neuroprotection against ICH by accelerating hematoma clearance and repolarizing microglia/macrophages towards the M2 phenotype through PPAR-γ-related mechanisms. Our data support the notion that RXR-α might be a promising therapeutic target for ICH.
About the Patriotism amongst Russian Emigration: Interpretations and Practices in the 1940s
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ryabova L. K.
Published: February 2021

The patriotic moods in Russian emigration during World War II and in the first post-war years are less studied than those of the 1920s and 1930s. Patriotism manifested itself in various forms, and was reflected both in journalism and in behavioral practices. The attitude towards Russia ranged from support for the Soviet regime to defeatist appeals. The most objective position, albeit implacable in relation to the Soviet regime, was taken by New Journal, using materials of which the “cultures of patriotism” were mainly considered. Serious disagreements among the emigrant community raised questions of support for the USSR; questions of the global postwar structure and the fate of European democracies; and restoration of Russia’s former borders. A significant number of authors defended the “restoration” policy of the Soviet government toward lost territories. Others did not see danger in the policy of “containment” of the USSR. Fears of a possible territorial collapse of the country, in particular the separation of Ukraine, became one of the most striking manifestations of patriotism. In the field of practical actions, the experience of communication between emigrants and Soviet citizens who found themselves in Europe, and especially the movement for returning to the USSR, deserves attention. This practice is explored using documents from the archives of the Geneva Institute of International Relations, in particular materials of the “Association of Persons from the USSR” founded in Geneva in 1945.
Bolsheviks and the Holy Relics
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rogozny Р. G.
Published: February 2021

The article explores the opening of religious relics in the first years of Soviet power and the reaction to this opening by “popular оrthodoxy”. Holy relics — the bones and imperishable remains of holy people — are revered in both the Orthodox and Catholic churches. In 1918–1920, the Bolsheviks, knowing popular belief in the incorruption of Holy relics, organized the opening of Church relics, and instead of imperishable relics found only bones. Government officials, priests, and doctors were appointed to the Commission responsible for opening relics of saints. Thus, the Soviet authorities tried to discredit the Church. The organizers of the company for opening relics were those who before the Revolution were linked to the Orthodox Church. These were either former priests or people who served in the Synod. The opening of the relics was a great shock for the faithful and a great success for the new authorities. Instead of imperishable relics, the tombs were found at best with rotted bones. The results of this campaign were published in the press and were actively used by Soviet power later.
Professional Adaptation of North Caucasians in Emigration (1920–1930s, France)
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Babich I. L.
Published: February 2021

This article considers models of the professional arrangement of North Caucasian émigrés in France in the 1920s and 1930s. Using new archival and field ethnographic materials, we explore the social and political activities of North Caucasians as a profession and as a view of life; and the activities of the Caucasian group of oil owners (leader — Nobel), who before the Revolution were engaged in oil production in the Caucasus or owned shares of oil firms. France had the most cars in Europe for the 1920s and 1930s. Therefore, it was not surprising that many emigrants from Russia, including North Caucasians, began working as chauffeurs, taxi drivers, and auto mechanics. In addition, they often became employees of auto factories (e. g. as specialists and laborers). Since there were many military people among North Caucasian émigrés, many they decided to join the French Foreign Legion. Emigrants from the North Caucasus pursued publishing, literary, journalistic, scientific, and teaching activities. In Russia many North Caucasians received a legal education but could not work as lawyers in France. Medical activity was also rare. In emigration there were several North Caucasians who became artists, singers, and dancers who performed in restaurants opened by North Caucasians. The children of the first wave of North Caucasian emigrants, as a rule, received higher education in France, and many of them managed to obtain excellent careers.
Cooperation between Russia and India in the Arctic: A pipedream or a strategic necessity
Authors:   Northern Arctic Federal University named after M.V.Lomonosov, Bhagwat Jawahar
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to explore areas of cooperation between Russia and India with specific reference to the Arctic. The Russian Federation has sought strategic partners for the development of the Arctic, with it’s primary focus being the development of the oil and gas industry and the Northern Sea Route (NSR). Russia and India have had diplomatic relations in diverse spheres such as space, atomic energy, defense, and the petroleum industry. Russia’s focus on the Arctic ushers in many more opportunities for cooperation. India is one of the few countries to which Russia has accorded investment opportunities in the oil and gas and the diamond industry. As a result, India has made significant investments in Russia’s oil and gas industry. The article highlights that the energy deficit in India is critical, value of imports is rising and this consequently affects the development of the country. Oil production has been declining marginally and gas production is almost static. There is therefore a need to sign diverse long-term contracts for petroleum products like China has been doing with Russia. The article also suggests that there is a case for increased Indian investment in the Arctic in diverse spheres. The need for greater cooperation in scientific research, development of the NSR and possible utilisation of the enormous technically qualified human resources that India has in diverse areas of the Arctic is noted. The article based upon systemic and comparative analysis concludes that Russia-India cooperation in the Arctic is a strategic necessity.
As políticas do patrimônio imaterial e seus impactos nos grupos da cultura popular na Festa de Santo Antônio em Barbalha/CE
Authors: Soares da Silva Cicera Tayane
Published: February 2021

Este artigo é resultante de uma pesquisa de doutorado em andamento, nele buscamos apresentar ao leitor a Festa de Santo Antônio, realizada em Barbalha, interior do Ceará. Através dessa celebração, buscou-se pensar os impactos das políticas de salvaguarda nos grupos da cultura popular que integram a festividade, compreendendo como a celebração ganhou novas conotações políticas através do seu registro e como isso interfere na dinâmica sociocultural do festejo. Os dados aqui apresentados são frutos de trabalho de campo realizado entre os anos de 2018 e 2019.
Endereçados, com fogo, do fim do mundo
Authors: Negretti Natalia
Published: February 2021

Este ensaio visual, ao tomar certos muros como anúncios de evocações, se propõe como diálogo entre índices de memória argentina. Atenta-se a um conjunto de manifestações artísticas e culturais (DIOGENES, 2020) como parte de um campo de linguagem e visibilidade relacionados a apropriação de espaço público (CAMPOS, 2012). Transcorreu de um processo de pesquisa que se emaranhou a um índice de significação comum (BOSI, 2012) com o próprio percurso deste ensaio:  aproximar-se de lugares e de uma discussão sobre memória.
Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oil-based Microemulsions: Reviewing State-of-the-art
Authors: Thakur Divya , Kaur Gurpreet , Puri Ashana , Nanda Rajat
Published: February 2021

:

A pre-eminent emulsion-based micellar drug delivery system, “microemulsion”, comprising
drug in oil or water phase, stabilized by surfactants and co-surfactants, has been evidenced
to have a phenomenal role in a number of applications. Oils play an important role in the formation
of ME and increase the drug absorption at the site of action. Oils employed in microemulsion formulation
solubilize lipophilic drug. As the concept of “natural” therapies is recently gaining importance
amongst researchers all over the world, scientists are employing essential oil as an organic
component in this system. The active components of essential oils include flavonoids, phenylpropanoids,
monoterpenes and polyunsaturated mega-6-fatty acids. These oils are enriched with characteristic
intrinsic properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, etc., bestowing enhanced
supremacy to the whole microemulsion system. This mini-review is the first to document
various types of essential oils employed in microemulsion systems and highlight their therapeutic
potential and applications as drug delivery vehicles. Key inferences from this study suggest: 1)
Clove oil is the most explored oil for incorporation into a microemulsion based system, followed
by peppermint and Tea Tree Oil (TTO). 2) Penetration enhancing effects of these oils are due to
the presence of terpenic constituents. 3) Essential oil based microemulsions protect volatility of
ethereal oils and protect them from degradation in the presence of light, air, temperature. 4) These
systems may also be explored for their applications in different industries like aromatherapy, food,
drink, fragrance, flavour, cosmeceutical, soap, petroleum and pharmaceutical industry.
A Survey on Machine Learning Based Medical Assistive Systems in Current
Oncological Sciences
Authors: Goyal Bhawna , Kaur Bobbinpreet , Daniel Ebenezer
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cancer is one of the life threatening disease which is affecting a large number of population worldwide. The cancer cells multiply inside the body without showing much symptoms on the surface of the skin thereby making it difficult to predict and detect at the onset of disease. Many organizations are working towards automating the process of cancer detection with minimal false detection rates.

Introduction:

The machine learning algorithms serve to be a promising alternative to support health care practitioners to rule out the disease and predict the growth with various imaging and statistical analysis tools. The medical practitioners are utilizing the output of these algorithms to diagnose and design the course of treatment. These algorithms are capable of finding out the risk level of the patient and can reduce the mortality rate concerning to cancer disease.

Method:

This article presents the existing state of art techniques for identifying cancer affecting human organs based on machine learning models. The supported set of imaging operations are also elaborated for each type of Cancer.

Conclusion:

The CAD tools are the aid for the diagnostic radiologists for preliminary investigations and detecting the nature of tumor cells.
Withdrawal Notice: Measurement of Social Presence Influence Student
Satisfaction in an Acupuncture Online Training
Authors: Kim Yun Jin
Published: February 2021

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Cânone e Crítica: Superações
Authors: Lugarinho Mário César
Published: February 2021

The emergence of cultural studies, post-colonial and decolonial studies, gender studies and queer studies led, throughout the second half of the 20th century, to a profound change in the paradigms of Human Sci-ences. In this article, we seek to observe this “evolution” in view of the concept of canon and the consequent overcoming of its tradition of exclusion.
Notas sobre o Outro Lado das Fronteiras Míticas do Western
Authors: Jorge Carlos Jorge Figueiredo
Published: February 2021

We will try to make a brief overview of the design of the American West (Yankee) as a designation of a geophysical reality but with strong cultural and ideological penetrations in the semantic amplitude of the term, being given that, ultimately, the word circumscribes a space of confrontation, belligerence and op-position between the savage universe, the wilderness and civility as civilisation, in order to fundamentally address the process of the legal and juridical organization of citizenship, represented in westerns that take as central theme the establishment of law and order in its complex dialectic with the dimension of justice. In the latter opposition, not only the confrontation between European settlers/pilgrims and In-dians is resized, but also that of agrarian modes of production, with structuring of slave or almost feudal socio-economic relations, with those defended by a bourgeois, capitalist and liberal mentality and also the outstanding function and the protagonism of law representatives, sheriffs and marshals.
Yvette Centeno: uma poética ao rés do tempo e das coisas sem tempo ("Entre Silêncios. Poesia 1961-2018")
Authors: Reis José Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Like a fold-out map that displays in more or less detail the possible coordinates of locations of interest, a poet’s (almost) complete works collected together in a single volume can be read and analyzed from vari-ous perspectives: chronological, thematic, symbolic. The present essay undertakes a multifaceted reading, both global and analytical, of Yvette K. Centeno`s book of poems Between Silences. Poetry 1961 to 2018. In its rhetorical bareness her poetry gives voice to a distilled awareness of the world made of affections, ranging from pain to joy, from irony to rebellion, from erotic allusion to spiritual inquiry, from subjective passion to universal love, from the woman’s body to the politics of the feminine being, from filial sentiments to the maternal feelings, from the sense of the tragic to the hope of redemption. However, her poetry also makes cultural and literary references that, albeit without programmatic affiliation and with occasional incursions into the French language, undeniably form part of the Portuguese lyrical tradition.
PENGARUH PERMISSION EMAIL MARKETING TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA PURCHASE DECISION (Survei Pada Customer Lazada Indonesia)
Authors: Rachmawati Harum Jun , Kusumawati Andriani , Kholid Mawardi Muhammad
Published: February 2021

This study aims to discuss and test the role of permission email marketing that have an impact on purchase intention and purchase decision in the marketplace. Permission email marketing is one marketing tool that has many advantages, including the ability to reach a wider area and different market share but also the ability to make marketing deals with a small amount of investment. The researcher used the questionnaire as the primary data source given to 168 respondents, namely subscriber at Lazada Indonesia. The analytical tool used is Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) which is a causal modeling approach that aims to maximize the variance of latent variables which can be explained by predictor variables. The results showed that there was a strong influence between email marketing permissions with purchase intention and purchase decisions.
Going Remote—Demonstration and Evaluation of Remote Technology Delivery and Usability Assessment With Older Adults: Survey Study
Authors: Hill Jordan R , Harrington Addison B , Adeoye Philip , Campbell Noll L , Holden Richard J
Published: February 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated “going remote” with the delivery, support, and assessment of a study intervention targeting older adults enrolled in a clinical trial. While remotely delivering and assessing technology is not new, there are few methods available in the literature that are proven to be effective with diverse populations, and none for older adults specifically. Older adults comprise a diverse population, including in terms of their experience with and access to technology, making this a challenging endeavor.

Objective

Our objective was to remotely deliver and conduct usability testing for a mobile health (mHealth) technology intervention for older adult participants enrolled in a clinical trial of the technology. This paper describes the methodology used, its successes, and its limitations.

Methods

We developed a conceptual model for remote operations, called the Framework for Agile and Remote Operations (FAR Ops), that combined the general requirements for spaceflight operations with Agile project management processes to quickly respond to this challenge. Using this framework, we iteratively created care packages that differed in their contents based on participant needs and were sent to study participants to deliver the study intervention—a medication management app—and assess its usability. Usability data were collected using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and a novel usability questionnaire developed to collect more in-depth data.

Results

In the first 6 months of the project, we successfully delivered 21 care packages. We successfully designed and deployed a minimum viable product in less than 6 weeks, generally maintained a 2-week sprint cycle, and achieved a 40% to 50% return rate for both usability assessment instruments. We hypothesize that lack of engagement due to the pandemic and our use of asynchronous communication channels contributed to the return rate of usability assessments being lower than desired. We also provide general recommendations for performing remote usability testing with diverse populations based on the results of our work, including implementing screen sharing capabilities when possible, and determining participant preference for phone or email communications.

Conclusions

The FAR Ops model allowed our team to adopt remote operations for our mHealth trial in response to interruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic. This approach can be useful for other research or practice-based projects under similar circumstances or to improve efficiency, cost, effectiveness, and participant diversity in general. In addition to offering a replicable approach, this paper tells the often-untold story of practical challenges faced by mHealth projects and practical strategies used to address them.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04121858; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04121858
Factors Contributing to Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Participation in Web-Based Challenges: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Khasawneh Amro , Chalil Madathil Kapil , Zinzow Heidi , Rosopa Patrick , Natarajan Gitanjali , Achuthan Krishnashree , Narasimhan Meera
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Web-based challenges, phenomena that are familiar to adolescents and young adults who spend large amounts of time on social media, range from minimally harmful behaviors intended to support philanthropic endeavors to significantly harmful behaviors that may culminate in injury or death.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the beliefs that lead adolescents and young adults to participate in these activities by analyzing the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ice bucket challenge, representing nonharmful behaviors associated with web-based challenges, and the cinnamon challenge, representing web-based challenges that lead to harmful behaviors.

METHODS

A retrospective quantitative study was conducted with a total of 471 participants aged between 13 and 35 years who either had participated in the ALS ice bucket challenge or the cinnamon challenge, or had never participated in any web-based challenge. Binomial logistic regression models were used to classify those who participated in the ALS ice bucket challenge or cinnamon challenge versus those who did not engage in either challenge using the integrated behavioral model’s beliefs as predictors.

RESULTS

The findings showed that participants of both the cinnamon challenge and the ALS ice bucket challenge had significantly greater expectations from the public to participate in the challenge they completed in comparison with individuals who never participated in any challenge (P=.01 for the cinnamon challenge and P=.003 for the ALS ice bucket challenge). Cinnamon challenge participants had greater value for the outcomes of the challenge (P<.001) and perceived positive public opinion about the challenge (P<.001), in comparison with individuals who never participated in any challenge. In contrast, ALS ice bucket challenge participants had significantly greater positive emotional responses than individuals who never participated in any challenge (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The constructs that contribute to the spread of web-based challenges vary based on the level of self-harm involved in the challenge and its purpose. Intervention efforts could be tailored to address the beliefs associated with different types of web-based challenges.
DEJTON, KRAJ ILI POVRATAK POLITIČKE RAVNOTEŽE
Authors: Vukovic Djordje
Published: February 2021

Pandemija koronavirusa koja je početkom 2020. godine uzdrmala svijet, Bosnu i Hercegovinu zatekla je u jeku oštre političke, ali i naučne debate o nužnosti revizije Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma s jedne i njegove odbrane i afirmacije, s druge strane. Uoči obilježavanja dvadesetpetogodišnjice potpisivanja međunarodnog ugovora koji je zaustavio građanski rat u centralnoj republici bivše Jugoslavije, zapadne diplomate, regionalni politički lideri i stručni krugovi aktuelizovali su pitanje vitalnosti Dejtonskog sporazuma, njegove funkcionalnosti i perspektivu države koja se nalazi posljednja u redu kandidata za članstvo u Evropskoj uniji, opterećena starim nacionalnim antagonizmima i suprotstavljenim političkim voljama tri konstitutivna naroda BiH. Autor ovog teksta ukazuje na paradigme o uzrocima bosanskohercegovačke političke i društvene krize, konflikte u razmatranjima načina njenog razrješavanja i dominatna obilježja političke kulture u podijeljenom društvu BiH kao nezaobilaznog faktora u razumijevanju političkih procesa.
Stajalište je da Dejtonski sporazum nije uzrok nacionalnih, političkih, etničkih i kulturnih problema u BiH, već suprotno – da je on posljedica dugog istorijskog iskustva, suprotstavljenih kultura i politika sjećanja, nacionalnih karaktera i, prije svega, političke volje tri konstututivna naroda. Zaštita kolektivnih prava i sloboda u BiH nisu i ne mogu se predstavljati kao ugrožavanja pojedinačnih i manjinskih, ali ni kao „etničke podjele“ i „nacionalističke težnje“. Ustavno pozicioniranje konstitutivnih naroda u BiH (ono što je nekada smatrano „nacionalnim ključem“) nije prelazno rješenje do stanja u kojem bi važio „jedan čovjek – jedan glas“, već jedini temelj na kojem se može očuvati mir i graditi zajednički život.
ZNAČAJ STUDIJA DIJASPORE Sa posebnim osvrtom na dosadašnja istraživanja srpske dijaspore
Authors: Mitrovic Dragana Lj
Published: February 2021

U eri globalizacije, intenzivirani su procesi međunarodne prostorne i socijalne mobilnosti, a svet je postao dijasporičan. U 21. veku smo suočeni sa fenomenom ekspanzije globalnih migracija. Na ove izazove, nauka i istraživači u savremenosti odgovaraju pojavom sve većeg broja projektnih istraživanja i publikacija o ovom megafenomenu. U prilogu se, naupre, ukazuje na pokušaje transdisciplinarnog zasnivanja novog polja naučnih istraživanja u liku naučne i akademske discipline pod nazivom „studije dijaspore“ i njen značaj za unapređenje saznanja i obrazovanje kulture homo accademicuss-a. Potom se daje pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja srpske dijaspore, sa posebnim fokusom na istraživanje najnovije kolonije srpske intelektualne dijaspore koja postaje sve brojnija i raznovrsnija u savremenom svetu.
STRATEGIJA IZGRADNJE NACIONALNOG IDENTITETA CRNE GORE
Authors: Milosavljevic Branislav , Putnik Nenad
Published: February 2021

Kao jedna od najmlađih država u Evopi, Crna Gora je posebno interesantan primer kako se u političkom okviru odvija simboličko nadmetanje između dva projekta izgradnje nacije. Pitanje crnogorskog nacionalnog identiteta predstavljalo je središte crnogorske politike od kraja 19. veka, međutim nikad nije postojao jasan konsenzus na pitanje ko su tačno Crnogorci. Podržana rekonstruisanim značenjem crnogorske nacije, novonastala crnogorska nacionalna svest ubrzana je nakon raskida sa Srbijom i proglašenja nezavisnosti 21. maja 2006. Crna Gora je od raspada Jugoslavije na svom putu ka državnosti prošla kroz tranzicije iz republike u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji (SRJ) u državu članicu Srbije i Crne Gore u periodu 2003-2006. godine, a nakon toga u nezavisnu državu od 2006. godine. Međutim, tranzicija državnosti nije predstavljala rezultat jednog šireg narodnog konsenzusa. Podela u vladajućoj političkoj stranci reformisanih komunista, Demokratskoj partiji socijalista (DPS) 1997. godine, podstakla je političku borbu između dve bivše frakcije ove stranke. Tokom perioda od 15 godina promenjivi politički programi vladajućeg DPS-a i protivničke Socijalističke narodne partije (SNP), poslužili su kao izvor za redefinisanje značenja etničkog (nacionalnog) identiteta. U svojoj konkurenciji za društvene, političke ili ekonomske resurse, crnogorske elite su primenom političkih mera, etno-kulturne državne politike i aktivnim korišćenjem medija uspele da pojedine činjenice i događaje pretvore u referentne tačke za građane Crne Gore na način da identifikuju sebe. Stoga su ti događaji postali osnova pripadnosti određenoj zajednici i ujedno pomogli u razgraničenju specifične crnogorske od srpske zajednice.
ITALIJANSKA POLITIKA NA JUŽNOM I ISTOČNOM SREDOZEMLJU
Authors: Jankovic Slobodan
Published: February 2021

Italija je važan akter u makro regiji Sredozemlja. Posebno problematični i izazovni procesi u ovom delu sveta zahtevaju naročitu pažnju istraživača. Jedan od načina za razumevanje pomenutih procesa je njihovo posmatranje sa rimske osmatračnice. Kako bi što bolje objasnio italijansku politiku na Južnom i istočnom Sredozemlju, autor primenjuje italijansku neoklasičnu geopolitičku školu. Autor najpre ukazuje na validnost tog pristupa, među različitim teorijskim polazištima, te koristeći analizu sadržaja, ekonomsku statistiku i geopolitičku analizu pristupa istraživačkom problemu. Janković ukazuje na korene savremene politike Italije, geopolitičke i ekonomske faktore i unutrašnju politiku. Članak je podeljen na tri nejednake celine, od kojih je centralna dodano podeljena na četiri pod celine. U njima se analiziraju izvori za analizu, geopolitički značaj Sredozemlja za Italiju, vojne misije i odnosi sa Libijom, Egiptom i Turskom. Konačno, autor naglašava ulogu političke volje u vođenju spoljne politike i tvrdi da je Rim delimično izgubio pozicije uprkos višestrukom: geopolitičkom, istorijskom i ekonomskom značaju pomenute makro-regije.
PROBLEM IREDENTIZMA (ETNIČKOG NACIONALIZMA) U MEĐUNARODNO-PRAVNOJ DOKTRINI STRANIH DRŽAVA
Authors: Usakov Sergej
Published: February 2021

Rad je posvećen pitanju etničkog nacionalizma, poznatog i kao iredentizam, vapijućem problemu savremenog sveta koji zahteva hitno i zajedničko delovanje svetske zajednice. Rad je podeljen na uvod i četiri dela. Prvi deo posvećen je pitanju shvatanja iredentizma kod vodećih proučavalaca međunarodnog prava. U drugom delu razmatra se pitanje uloge Lige nacija u očuvanju mira, kao i greške koje je pri tome dopustila, dok se u trećem delu iredentizam posmatra s tačke gledišta međunarodnog i nacionalnog prava pojedinih država. U četvrtom delu daje se pregled najnovijih i najpoznatijih međunarodnih etničkih konflikata i analizira se uloga koju su u njihovom rešavanju igrale Ujedinjene nacije i Međunarodni sud. Rad se završava zaključcima i savetima za poboljšanje mehanizma Ujedinjenih nacija za rešavanje međunarodnih konflikata.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДИКИ RET КАК СРЕДСТВО ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ЛИТОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ В ТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ ПРЕДЫДУЩИХ ПОКОЛЕНИЙ
Authors: Балан Н.Н. , Иванов В.В. , Кузовков А.В. , Харченко Е.Л.
Published: February 2021

Главным фактором, способствовавшим освоению 65-нм процесса в 2005 году, было появление технологического оборудования нового поколения. С тех пор значительное развитие получили техники повышения разрешающей способности фотолитографии. В работе исследуется применимость данных техник для освоения процесса на оборудовании с меньшим разрешением.
ЧЕРНЫЙ ФОТОРЕЗИСТ - НОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДЛЯ ПРОЦЕССА ФОТОЛИТОГРАФИИ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ УСТРОЙСТВ ФОТОНИКИ И МЭМС
Authors: Суханов Д.А.
Published: February 2021

Проведен анализ тенденций мирового рынка по применению устройств фотоники и МЭМС, их развития и технологий, которые смогут оптимизировать литографические процессы при производстве этих устройств. Проведен анализ методов обработки фоторезиста, а также технологий экспонирования.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОНЦЕНТРАТА ТЕТРАМЕТИЛАММОНИЯ ГИДРОКСИДА В ОПЫТНО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ МАСШТАБЕ
Authors: Конарев А.А. , Варламов Д.А. , Грибов Б.Г.
Published: February 2021

На основании проведенных ранее исследований по разработке технологии получения концентрата тетраметил-аммония гидроксида создана опытно-промышленная электрохимическая установка с электролизером фильтр-прессной конструкции на токовую нагрузку 300-450 A, на которой апробирована лабораторная технология. При этом достигаются аналогичные результаты: выход тетраметиламмония гидроксида по веществу - от 91,4 до 92,2 %, выход по току - от 51,1 до 59,4 %, а энергоемкость процесса существенно ниже (1,1-1,2 кВт-ч/кг), чем на опытной установке, - 3,9-4,7 кВт-ч/кг.
ВАКУУМНО-ЭПИТАКСИАЛЬНОЕ НАРАЩИВАНИЕ ТОНКОПЛЕНОЧНЫХ ГЕТЕРОСТРУКТУР GAAS-SNAS
Authors: Белоусов П.С. , Бобылев М.А. , Ковалев В.И. , Каевицер Е.В. , Любченко В.Е. , Руковишников А.И. , Петров К.П. , Пелипец О.В. , Рогачев И.А.
Published: February 2021

Методом молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии на подложке si-GaAs (100) синтезировано соединение олова с мышьяком в виде тонкопленочных гетероструктур при толщине слоев порядка десятков нанометров. Полученные структуры изучались методами Оже-спектрометрии и рентгеновского фазового анализа. Кроме того, изучались их электрофизические свойства и спектральная зависимость эллипсометрических параметров ψ и Δ поверхности образцов. Предполагается, что данное соединение, относящееся по современным представлениям к классу топологических 3D-полуметаллов Вейля, может быть использовано для создания электронных приборов с бездиссипативным переносом заряда.
DETERMINING THE LENGMUR COEFFICIENT OF THE FILTRATION PROBLEM
Authors: Kuzmina Liudmila , Osipov Yuri
Published: February 2021

Filtration of suspension in a porous medium is actual in the construction of tunnels and underground structures. A model of deep bed filtration with size-exclusion mechanism of particle capture is considered. The inverse filtration problem - finding the Langmuir coefficient from a given concentration of suspended particles at the porous medium outlet is solved using the asymptotic solution near the concentrations front. The Langmuir coefficient constants are obtained by the least squares method from the condition of best approximation of the asymptotics to exact solution. It is shown that the calculated parameters are close to the coefficients of the model, and the asymptotics well approximates the exact solution