bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining The Environmental Attitudes Of Tourist Guide Candidates
Authors: SAHİLLİ BİRDİR Sevda , DERİNALP Gizem , BİRDİR Kemal
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study to determine the environmental attitudes of tourist guide candidates. When the literature on this subject is examined, no study has been found on the environment and environmental attitudes of tourist guides and guide candidates. Therefore, with this paper, it is aimed to fill this gap in the literature. The research was designed in the quantitative method. The universe of the research was determined as the students who received education in the top 10 State Universities in Turkey in the 2021-2022 academic year. Data were collected online by the researcher between 01 December 2021 and 03 January 2022. Quota and convenience sampling method was used in the research. A total of 422 questionnaires were collected and used as data in practice. The t-Test was conducted to determine whether there is a significant difference between the "environmental attitudes" and "gender" of the tourist guide candidates. It can be said that “male” tourist guide candidates have negative environmental thoughts. ANOVA test was conducted to see if there is a significant difference between the "environmental attitudes" and "age" of tourist guidance students. According to the ANOVA test, significant differences were determined in the dimensions of "Environmental Behavior", "Environmental Thinking" and "Environmental Emotion".
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Fluoride Varnish Application Frequency on Initial Enamel Lesions
Authors: ŞENAY Elif , ÖKTE Zeynep
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study is the in vitro evaluation of the effect of fluoride varnish application at different frequencies on initial enamel lesions by surface microhardness (SMH) measurements.
Material and Methods: This in vitro experimental study was performed on 80 extracted unerupted third molar teeth. The teeth were divided randomly into 4 groups: Group 1: Fluoride varnish application once a year, Group 2: Fluoride varnish application 4 times at 1 week intervals, Group 3: Fluoride varnish application 4 times a year with an interval of 3 months, Group 4: Application of fluoride varnish twice a year at 6-month intervals. Artificial enamel carious lesions were created by inserting the specimens in demineralization solution for 96 hours. The Vicker’s microhardness number (VHN) was measured at baseline, after demineralization and after fluor varnish application and 1 year after fluoride treatments of each group. The percent change in surface microhardness (% SMH change) was also calculated. Anova and Kruskall-Wallis H test, t-test and/or Wilcoxen sign test were used with 95% confidence levels to compare differences.
Results: The surface microhardness values and recovery of surface hardness values of the groups were found as follows: Group 3> Group 2>Group 4> Group 1. VHN of Group 3 was statistically significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Fluoride varnish application 4 times a year with an interval of 3 months showed significantly higher enamel SMH than that of the other groups (p<0.05).
Evaluation of pH and Calcium Ion Diffusion from Intracanal MTA and Bioaggregate to Simulated External Resorption Cavities Through Dentinal Tubules
Authors: AKSOY Umut , POLATOĞLU Kaan , ŞAKLAR Feridun
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This in vitro study compared the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), BioAggregate and calcium hydroxide on calcium and hydroxyl ion diffusion through dentinal tubules to the root surfaces without cementum in various root levels.
Materials & Methods: The study consisted of 120 mature single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth. The teeth were decoronated and instrumented using Protaper Universal rotary files. To simulate external root resorption, artificial defects were created in cervical-middle-apical thirds of root surfaces. The teeth were divided into four main groups: Control (1), calcium hydroxide (2), MTA (3) and BioAggregate (4). In control group, root canals of specimens left empty. Other root canals of specimens filled with calcium hydroxide, MTA or BioAggregate. Each specimen was immersed in a vial containing 10 mL distilled water. Calcium concentrations and pH of the immersion media was measured at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal–Wallis H and Mann–Whitney-U tests.
Results: This study indicated that intracanal placement of both calcium hydroxide, MTA and BioAggregate resulted in the diffusion of calcium and hydroxyl ions across dentine. The results showed greater calcium and hydroxyl ions released by calcium hydroxide groups than MTA and BioAggregate groups (p<0.05). MTA and BioAggregate groups showed similar properties and there were no differences between these groups in whole study period (p>0.05).
Conclusion: MTA and BioAggregate may be preferable for external root resorption cases because of their stimulation of hard tissue formation and ion releasing ability.
Fisher information approach to understand the Gompertz model
Authors: Al-Saffar Avan , Kim Eun-jin
Published: December 2022

As a measure of sustainability, Fisher information is employed in the Gompertz growth model. The effect of different oscillatory modulations is examined on the system's evolution and Probability Density Function (PDF). For a sufficiently large frequency of periodic fluctuations occurring in both positive and negative feedbacks, the system maintains its initial conditions. A similar PDF is shown regardless of the initial values when there are periodic fluctuations in positive feedback. By periodic fluctuations in negative feedback, the Gompertz model can lose its self-organization. Finally, despite the fact that the Gompertz and logistic systems evolve differently over time, the results show that they are exceptionally similar in terms of information and sustainability.
Lignina: uma importante tecnologia química da madeira
Authors: Deus Deise Amaral de , Zaú André Scarambone , Muniz Graciela Ines Bolzon de , Nisgoski Silvana , Abreu Heber dos Santos , Gama Dráuzio Correia
Published: December 2022

A madeira é um material formado por complexas estruturas organolignocelulósica e com heterogeneidades químicas que variavelmente causa transtornos para a indústria de transformação e processamento. Portanto, o exame da constituição desse material deve ser amplamente investigado, além dos elementos anatômicos de formação com os constituintes químicos uma vez que suas propriedades tecnológicas estão intimamente relacionadas. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem por objetivo abordar informações relevantes a respeito da lignina (componente químico presente na madeira) com foco em sua importância tecnológica. Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa. Para a fundamentação teórica a acerca do estado da arte, da estrutura e dos parâmetros que influenciam variações de lignina e compostos fenólicos relacionados, utilizou-se de análise de conteúdo das fontes científicas disponíveis na literatura especializada. A revisão de literatura permitiu a compreensão estrutural da lignina e de suas aplicações; a demanda e expectativas por novas pesquisas e abordagens sobre métodos e técnicas para caracterização de lignina e análises utilizadas. O conhecimento da estrutura da lignina é prerrogativa subsidiária para pesquisas futuras e manipulação genética a contribuir na formação de lignina com estrutura molecular que permita aumentar a qualidade da madeira.
In Pursuit of Identifying Urban Well Being through Built Environment: A Case Study of Abbottabad City
Authors: Rehman Muhammad Faisal , Sattar Ashfa , Kazmi Usman Raza
Published: December 2022

Uncontrolled urbanization has harmfully affected the physical environment, the structure of cities, and, therefore, people's physical and mental well-being. The strong link between mental health, well-being, and architecture needs consideration. This paper attempts to identify factors that make places well-being anddesign interventions toimprove or create well-being.For this research, field surveys, questionnaires, andobservationswere conducted in the public areas of Abbottabad, Pakistan. All the indicators of a well-being city,either weak or strong,highlightedin the built environment are based on the research-based designed questionnaire marked by the residents of Abbottabad.These considerations and techniques are expected to become valuable tools for future urban designers, architects, and urban planners, as they aim to design positive user experiences and set city-shaping policies for well-being cities in future planning and design.
Study Process of Private and Public Universities Students Using the Revised Two Factors Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F)
Authors: Shahfuddin Wasidah , A. Rahim Abdul Razak , Abdullah Mohamad Ridhuan
Published: December 2022

This research examined the impact of students’ demographic background on the study process of public and private university students. The Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) consisting of 20 items was used to collect data from 217 conveniently selected participants from public and private universities. To answer the research questions, descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed.  The research findings indicate that regardless of university types, students tend to use the deep approach (M = 2.685) of learning more compared to the surface approach (M = 1.928). The researchers have found statistically significant differences between study approach and gender, types of universities, fields of study, academic level, year(s) of study and ethnicity. The research results reveal that demographic background has a significant influence on students’ approaches to learning. In terms of university type, the results indicated that students at public universities preferred the deep method of learning more (M = 2.809, SD = 0.515) than students at private universities (M = 2.537, SD = 0.581).
Circular supply models in the field of plastic production in the context of ensuring sustainable development
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Turcan Iuliu , Gheorghita Maria ,   Technical University of Moldova, Turcan Rina ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: December 2022

At the global level, there is a continuous increase in the production and consumption of plastic materials as a result of the increase in the volumes of manufactured products and their assortment. As a result, the problem of plastic waste has become a pressing global issue that has a strong negative impact on the environment. In this context, the only intelligent and rational solution is the implementation of circular supply models in the field of plastic production that will allow the recycling of plastic waste, thus ensuring a sustainable economic development. The purpose of this article is to address the theoretical aspects regarding the role of the circular economy in the human social and economic system with an emphasis on the circular supply model in the field of plastic materials production. In order to argue the importance of the researched problem and the current trends in this field, this article analyzes the statistical data on the annual volume of plastic produced globally, the distribution of global plastic waste according to their destination and the distribution of the weight of non-recyclable plastic waste in a territorial profile globally.
Issues of increasing the economic efficiency of the service sector in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Bogdanova Svetlana
Published: December 2022

The phenomenal and rapid development of the services sector on the basis of the scientific and technological revolution demonstrates the growing economic importance of services in the world. Transformation processes in this sector affect not only the stages of production of goods and services, but also the acceleration of personal needs of society. The law of the acceleration of needs, today manifests itself not only in the emergence of new needs, the expansion of their volume, but also in the change of their structure both in the direction of increasing the share of social needs of society, and in the direction of increasing the need for various forms of services for personal consumption. Intensive use of modern achievements of science leads to a contradictory reorganization of the service sector and the search for the most appropriate forms of functioning and development. Hence, there is a particular relevance of research and analysis of the problems of economic efficiency of the services sector in the Republic of Moldova.
Approaches to ensuring sustainable business development in crisis conditions
Authors:   The Engineering Educational and Scientific Institute of Zaporizhian National University, Ukraine, Moroz Oleg
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to consideration of issues related to ensuring the existence of business as such and creating conditions for its sustainable development in the future in the circumstances of the worsening of the crisis in the economic and political relations of the external environment of business as a whole, and the implementation of business activities in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, in particular. The significant complication of conditions not only for business existence, but also the possibility of ensuring its sustainable development require special attention to be paid to the economic and social components of sustainable business existence and development. The economic component of a sustainable business in such conditions requires the improvement of operational activities through the wide implementation of a management concept that would ensure the long-term competitiveness of the enterprise without significant capital investments and current costs based on the economical use of resources based on the creation of effective relationships both between the work performers and between counterparties of the enterprise. An example of such an approach can be the production and management system "lean production". The social component of sustainable business in such conditions requires the formation of a socially responsible attitude to the organization of business activities and the social policy of business, which is associated with a number of contradictions and even certain conflicts of interests. In the current conditions, special attention must be paid to the definition of the approach to the implementation of this or that concept of the implementation of business activities as a socially responsible business, as well as to the relationship between the internal and external social policy of the business and their practical implementation depending on the current situation.
Human resources management and training of highperforming managers
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Carbune Natalia
Published: December 2022

Arhem means an ajar system endowed with natural or artificial intelligence and consciousness, able to creatively generate the new and to be performant from a technical and economic point of view. Arhema can be natural or artificial, according to the nature of the intelligence at stake.Increasing the performance of an artificial archaemic structure – the robot – is done by increasing the level of intelligence, which brings it closer to the natural archer represented by the high-performance human element. In this way we reach artificial arhemies that perform performing operations after the program, thus becoming expert systems.
Online promotion using persuasive content
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Munteanu Tatiana
Published: December 2022

Persuasion is a marketing technique used by companies that encourages a potential customer to take action in favor of the company. Persuasive content promotion relies on the creation and distribution of online materials, such as videos, blog articles, and social media posts, that are designed to generate interest in a company's products or services. Also, the content must be relevant to search engines, so that the company is displayed as high as possible in the list of search results when someone searches for certain keywords. This will lead to increased sales, attracting traffic to the site, increasing brand recognition and strengthening public presence and trust. Successful content doesn't necessarily have to go viral or be seen by millions of users. It needs to be adapted to the audience and encourage customers to take certain actions. Content must not only attract customers, but also solve problems. Content marketing must help the potential buyer choose from all the offers available to him, the goods or services that best meet the consumer's needs. To write a persuasive text it is necessary to take into account the writing process and the structure of the text. The writing process includes several important stages: research, organization of ideas, actual writing process and editing. The structure of the text should follow the formula: Attention-Emotion-Information. The main condition when persuasive writing techniques are used is that the "good" product, is the one suitable for the consumer in question. If persuasion techniques are used, and the product does not meet the requirements that the consumer has, then the manipulation of people occurs. This will lead to a disappointed customer who will leave negative feedback. That is why persuasion techniques must be used very carefully, so that they work both for the benefit of the company and the client.
Trends and peculiarities of rural depopulation in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Sarbu Olga , Coser Cornel ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: December 2022

In recent decades, the Republic of Moldova has registered a continuous process of population reduction, especially the rural population. The factors that led to rural depopulation are multiple, the main ones being: negative natural growth, population aging, youth migration, poorly developed infrastructure, low incomes, etc. The changes that have occurred recently are not enough to stop the process of rural depopulation. The policies promoted by the state are not coherent, and the change in demographic trends represent lasting problems, a fact that proves that we cannot expect radical changes in the coming years. The policies promoted by the state are not coherent, and the change in demographic trends represent lasting problems, a fact that proves to us that in the coming years we cannot expect radical changes.
Modern visions and approaches of holistic marketing
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Burbulea Rodica , Gangan Svetlana ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: December 2022

In this paper we have proposed to mention that, with the development of information technologies, including the development of the Internet and issues such as hyper-competition, globalization and corporate social responsibility, traditional marketing approaches are no longer effective. The population's access to education services has increased, which means that people are better prepared, more experienced, more interested in the quality of offered and received services. Thus, consumers are becoming more mature, looking for variety, possibilities of choice, wanting greater communication and personalization of services, varied activities, adventure, authentic, real experiences. The holistic marketing concept considers marketing not as an isolated aspect of business, but as an element that must be integrated into every aspect of the entire business. This is the only way a company can stay relevant and profitable in its business.
The buying and consumption behavior of consumers of sea buckthorn products
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Mirza Sergiu , Onofrei Oleg ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: December 2022

The buying and consumption behavior of consumers of sea buckthorn products constitutes a behavior specific to food products. These behaviors represent certain acts of decision-making that are carried out both by the individual consumer and by the family consumer. Decisions made regarding the purchase and consumption of sea buckthorn berries or products obtained from sea buckthorn berries lead to the satisfaction of the needs of the components contained in sea buckthorn berries. These decisions include acts of decision making that occur before and after the purchase/consumption of these types of products. Regarding the product - sea buckthorn berries and the products obtained from sea buckthorn berries: juices, jams, etc., there is a buying and consumption behavior for the final consumer and for businesses that use sea buckthorn berries either as material premium in its activity or as an object of resale (agro-food processing, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, trade or public food).
Applicability of the direct capitalization method for the valuation of rental real estate in the current conditions in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Albu Ion , Albu Svetlana ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: December 2022

The income approach involves applying the direct capitalization method and the discounted cash flow method. The first method is preferred for the valuation of typical rental properties and is perceived as a practical and simple method. In this paper the authors analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of the income approach methods in the current conditions created in the Republic of Moldova through the lens of real estate market analysis. The authors examine the average sales and rental prices in the markets of the main cities of the European Union and the position of the real estate market in Chisinau in comparison with them. Conclusions are drawn on the applicability of methods for estimating market value and investment value under existing conditions.
Risk management as a foundation for development of financial potential of business entities
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Davydenko Nadiia , Karbivskyi Viktor ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2022

The activities of enterprises are characterized primarily by a certain level of economic freedom of economic entities. Regardless of their own will, the participants of economic relations during their activity are dealing with a certain level of uncertainty and, consequently, affect the types of risks inherent in the economy of the country as a whole, and directly in the industry in which the company operates. The level of economic security of an enterprise depends on how efficiently its management and managers will be able to avoid possible risks and eliminate the harmful effects of certain negative components of the internal and external environment. Determined that the main goal of sustainable development of the financial potential, for agricultural enterprises is to achieve strategic targets, which directly influences on maximization of the enterprise profit. The purpose of the article is to recognize the risks of functioning and development of financial potential in the circle of agricultural sector and agricultural subjects of economy. According to risk management, we find out specifics, which are used for identification of risks. Described types of risks inherent in agricultural subjects of Ukraine. Emphasized the failure to take into account the impact of business risk in developing the strategy of financial potential development of the enterprise and making management decisions, not only develops business entities, but also damages the stagnation of the economic system as a whole. The stages of the risk management process at the enterprise have been identified. Systematized methods of risk management of agricultural enterprises.
The impact of corruption on Romania’s business sector
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Romania, Rus Alexandra Ioana Daniela , Dranca Camelia ,   Babeș-Bolyai University, Romania
Published: December 2022

The aim of this research is to assess the corruption impact on the Romanian economy, reflecting the reality in which the Romanian business develops its activities. Corruption, a term used by a large part of citizens, can be found in the public sector, as well as the private sector, influencing the smooth development of the economy. Regardless of the modern economy which is permanently evolving, the corruption is still the principal participant of a phenomenon who has an important influence despite of the continual strategies for limitation. In Romania, in the last 30 years of democracy, corruption developed faster and found new ways of appearance, which have slowed down the process of economic evolution of the Romanian society, creating a feeling of distrust in the state institutions and in the business environment. Also, with an anti-corruption legislation at global, regional and national level, who supposed to limit the fraud, it remains a clear point the fact that corruption couldn't be stopped, especially in business environment of Romania. The results of the study shown us that there are significant losses for the businesses and a disturbing of the economic cycle of the country. At the same time, we can approve the fact that businesses are an area of a predisposition to corruption. There are numerous possibilities for unethical behaviors that come with a numerous consequences who can affect the government and the citizens. It is therefore necessary to analyze the impact of corruption on business development.
Improving the financing policy in the agricultural sector
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Mocanu Natalia
Published: December 2022

Any action to establish a new company or to develop an existing one determines a potential financial imbalance. Before triggering the formation of the new patrimonial structure, it is necessary to turn to finances. The main contribution of private finance to the foundation of the decision to establish a new enterprise consists in overcoming the initial financial imbalance, in balancing the need for funds, required by the new patrimonial structure with appropriate capital sources.
Corporate insolvencies evolution in Republic of Moldova during 2013 – 2020 period
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Muntean Neli , Birsan Mihaela ,   Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania, Muntean Iulian ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: December 2022

Due to the strong support and help of the government during the recent economic crisis, the number of corporate insolvencies in the Republic of Moldova maintained the same tendency since 2017. This paper focuses on the evolution of firm exit due to bankruptcy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, with a special attention to the Republic of Moldova. The study was carried out on a sample of 15 countries in the period 2013-2020. Data was collected from Euler Hermes, Allianz Research and Creditreform reports. The research methods used in this paper are: data collection, data processing, time series trend model estimation and descriptive analysis. Examining trends allows the identification and analysis of the main trends that appear within the analyzed phenomenon. In most cases, the level of fit of the model to the empirical data indicates its practical utility. The obtained econometric tool can be used for forecasting the examined variable.
Vectors of exact forecast in the study of behavioral finance
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukrain, Olfer Ivan
Published: December 2022

Strongly determined that for true planning and right decision in the economic markets circle the standard (classical) economic theory is not enough. Not infrequently economic forecasting according to classical theory, in the circle of markets, founds, enterprises relatively to results is not profitable and expected. For right prognosis and decision making is necessary to use behavioral theory. Some theory and methods for scientific research may be similar, and representative for all investigations. There are numerous similarities and differences in these theories according to institutions, methods and theory aspects. The behavioral theory refers to psychological and human behavioral algorithms, some biases, emotional filters, heuristic, farming and emotional concepts. Analyzing these factors open the way to more accurate and exact analysis. Behavioral finance can be analyzed to understand different outcomes across a variety of sectors and industries when we can`t fully understand it with standard theory. During the time appears a lot of schools of thoughts about human behavior, wishes and irrationality created with emotions, emphasized changing irrationality according to age, social status, gender, even wealth and level of educations. Recognized that these factors are interrelated, and this relating create biases, that could use like axioms for behavior understanding, and create representative sample for different environments (markets, companies etc.), and countries (low or high developed) where presented low level of shadow economy or even extremely high, all justified with number of variables. Methods. Classification, Analytic-Synthetic, Historical-Logical, Modeling, Systematization.
Global mental shift: political values of the youth of Russia and Europe
Authors: Vetrenko I. A. , Bayer Yu. P. , Vasilyeva V. A.
Published: December 2022

The subject of the article is the political values of the youth of Russia and Europe.

The purpose of our study is to identify the political values of the Youth of Russia and Europe and conduct a comparative analysis based on the methodology of comparative analysis. Four hypotheses are tested that suggest the values of young people, regardless of the region or country of residence, are common, despite the differences in forms of government, political culture, living standards and traditions of the respondents.

The main research tasks were: 1. Identification of common value orientations of modern youth studying at universities. 2. Determination of the type of cultural mentality (according to the methodology of Russian American sociologist Pitirim Sorokin) of the youth of Russia and European countries included in the sample. 3. Determining the place of politics and the opportunity to participate in policymaking in the system of values of today's youth. 4. Identification of attitudes (loyalty / acceptance / non-acceptance) to modern democratic values, as well as identification of the preferred form of political governance among young people. 5. Determination of the desired type of taxation. 6. Establishing the relationship between political values and quality of life. 7. Determining the understanding of the components of happiness (wellbeing) and the meaning of life of modern youth. 8. Diagnosis of the degree of involvement in politics/apathy of today's youth.

The main results, scope of application. Study made it possible to introduce into contemporary science a new term "integral model of values" – an interconnected set of several life values of a person, each of which describes individual components of values, to form a complete and comprehensive idea of the value system of certain social groups. Empirical study made it possible to identify the basic components of the integral model of values of modern youth in Russia and Europe in a comparative aspect. Under the integral model of values, authors mean an interconnected set of several private value models of a person (mentality, basic human and social values, life satisfaction and a subjective feeling of happiness, political views and actions, cultural values, etc.), each of which describes individual components of values, and all together they form a complete and comprehensive idea of the value system of certain social groups. In the structure of the integral model of youth values, authors included: mentality, political values, political mobility and a system of universal values. In accordance with this structure, we present the results of our study.

Conclusions. Authors not only managed to identify the already established values and, on the basis of them, draw up an integration model of the values of the youth of Russia and Europe through their comparison, but also to determine the needs of today's youth for certain values.
Socioeconomic competence of local self-government bodies of largest cities
Authors: Frolova T. A.
Published: December 2022

The subject of the article is legal issues of municipal authorities’ activities in the field of socioeconomic development.

The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the legal regulation of socioeconomic issues of organizing local self-government in the largest cities of the Russian Federation. The methodology includes formal legal interpretation of Russian legislative acts, decisions of Russian Constitutional Court as well as systemic analysis of municipal acts.

The main results, scope of application. The article analyzes the division of powers between regional and municipal authorities. At the present stage of development of Russian federalism, a rather complex and unstable model of delimitation of powers between levels of public authority has developed, which does not contribute to the socio-economic development of municipalities. distribution of powers between levels of public authority. The question of the delimitation of powers acquires new content in the formation of urban districts with intracity division and intracity districts in the largest cities. Based on the experience of organization and activities of urban districts with intracity division of Chelyabinsk and Samara, the problems and prospects of this approach to territorial planning and the distribution of powers between levels of public authority are outlined. Special attention is paid to the problem of finding a balance between centralization and decentralization of local self-government. In this aspect, the issue of a more effective delimitation of powers between different levels of public authority comes to the fore in order to maintain a unified urban policy in the field of ensuring the socio-economic development of the largest cities of the Russian Federation.

Conclusions. A comprehensive approach is needed to delineate powers between levels of public authority, taking into account the importance of the largest cities in the spatial development of the Russian economy and their role in the formation of urban agglomerations. Only centralized administration makes it possible to develop a unified urban infrastructure. Therefore, improving the interaction of public authorities and local self-government is a necessary condition and the most important area of work in major cities that requires joint efforts. However, at the same time, it is necessary to avoid the degeneration of local self-government into a state one and the loss of the internal content of this institution of public power.
Application of the EAEU law by national courts and development of judicial dialogue
Authors: Diyachenko E. B.
Published: December 2022

The subject. This article examines the dialogue between the EAEU Court and national courts, on the one hand, as the application by national courts of the court of the integration organization, on the other hand, – as a recourse by the supranational court to the legal constructions that have been developed in the case law of the Member States’ courts.

The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that judicial dialogue between the court of the integration association and the courts of its Member States is the key to the effective application of supranational law.

The methodological basis of the research is the doctrine of EU law, as well as the practice of Court of Justice of the European Union. The formal legal interpretation of the EAEU Court decisions and decisions of national Supreme Courts is also used.

The main results, scope of application. One of the characteristics that differentiates the law of an integration organization from universal international law is its active application not only by the judicial body of such an organization, but also by the national courts. The plurality of actors in charge of the application of the law raises the question which of them have the authority of interpreting the integration law and the modalities of such an interpretation. One of the instruments that could help overcome the lack of uniformity of approaches regarding the interpretation and application of supranational law by the courts of several member states is the preliminary reference procedure. In the absence of such a procedure the burden of interpretation of supranational law rests on the national courts. Such a situation has arisen in the Eurasian Economic Union where the EAEU Court is empowered to interpret the law of the Union while settling disputes regarding the respect of EAEU law by its Member States, the challenge of the Eurasian Economic Commission's actions (failure to act) and decisions as well as delivering advisory opinions. The courts of the Member States, in turn, interpret the law of the EAEU in various fields of relations, including the ones where regulatory powers have been transferred to the supranational level. The analysis of national case law shows that in their application of EAEU law they premise their judgments on the principle of its primacy over national legislation.

Conclusions. Judicial dialogue allows to prevent the non-uniform interpretation of the Union law by the court of the 5 Member States. It is a form of exchange of legal positions and concepts between the judicial bodies which, as a result, leads to a mutual enrichment of the legal orders by borrowing legal constructions and approaches.
The concept of cyberspace in international law
Authors: Ivanova K. A. , Myltykbaev M. Zh. , Shtodina D. D.
Published: December 2022

The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of approaches in the development of the concept of cyberspace in international law.

The purpose of this article is to try to highlight the attributes of cyberspace, which will allow to resolve existing gaps in the field of universal cyber regulation in international law. The research presented in this article was conducted by combining various disciplinary approaches, including comparative law, comparative politics and international relations, political theory, and sociology. In addition, the study includes methods of dialectical logic, analysis and synthesis, as well as a formal-legal analysis of UN international legal acts.

The main results and scope of their application. As states pay increasing attention to cyberspace management as the technical architecture that powers the global Internet and governance in cyberspace, in terms of how states, corporations and users can use this technology, the role of international law in cyberspace is increasing, becoming more prominent, becoming more important. At the same time, note that international law has no specific rules for regulating cyberspace. Moreover, the technology is both new and dynamic. Thus, for several years there have been open questions as to whether existing international law applies at all to cyberspace. Cyberspace is now the backbone of global commerce, communication and defense systems, and is a key aspect of the critical infrastructure that sustains our modern civilization. Technology and information spread almost instantaneously, and the global economy and supply chains are integrated to a degree unprecedented in history. Nevertheless, there is still no developed universal concept of cyberspace in international law, only approaches at the level of the UN, international organizations, including the First Committee of the UN General Assembly on Disarmament and International Security, the G20, the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Organization of American States and doctrinal approaches are singled out.

Conclusions. The competition for strategic technology and the competition for advantage in the "information space" is growing, so far without the standard international rules of the road. Moreover, the future is likely to prove even more transformational. The potential threats are also extraordinary: autonomous weapons, cyber warfare, sophisticated disinformation campaigns and geopolitical instability. In such circumstances, it is crucial to develop a universal notion of cyberspace because of the persistent significant vulnerabilities and number of threats in global communications.
NURSING PROFESSION FROM NURSING STUDENTS' PERSPECTIVES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: TEKİR Özlem , KOCAÇAL Elem , ÇAM Bahar , DİRBİSOĞLU Kader
Published: December 2022

Abstract

This research was carried out to determine the nursing students' perceptions of the nursing profession. The research is descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample of the study consisted of 183 volunteer students studying at the nursing department of a university in Izmir between October 5, 2020 - December 8, 2021. "Individual Identification Form" and "Nursing Profession Perception Scale" were used to collect data. In the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics of qualitative variables, and non-parametric tests were used. Students' total score was 87.60 ± 9.03 from the scale, professional qualification sub-dimension score was 66.90 ± 7.46, and occupational status sub-dimension score was 20.69 ± 2.44. There is a statistically significant difference between the professional qualifications sub-dimension and the gender and class of the students. According to the status of liking the nursing profession, there is a remarkable difference between the professional qualification sub-dimension, gender, and total score of the scale. It was determined that nursing students' perception of the nursing profession is high. It is recommended to carry out further studies to improve the perceptions of nurse candidates towards the nursing profession in a positive way.
Relationship of the Seasonal Vegetation Indices against the NDVI and LST in the Region of Kamuku Game Reserve and Kwiambana National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu AbdulAzeez Onotu , Youngu Terwase Tosin , Bala Adamu , Azua Samuel , Bawa Swafiyudeen , Agboola Muhammad Kabir
Published: December 2022

While it is anticipated that there would be some similarities amongst spectral Vegetation Indices (VIs) because the majority of the indices use the red and NIR bands, it is also expected that there would be some variances. The NDVI, derived earlier by Rouse (1973), and is the commonly used VI, there have meagre understanding of the relationship between the NDVI and another VIs. Similarly, investigations on the correlation between LST and other VIs (other than NDVI) in both dry and raining seasons have not been adequately explored. This motivated the study to determine the seasonal correlation of some spectral VIs against the NDVI and LST over the forest reserve area. The study investigated two categories of VIs: slope-based and distance-based. It derived spectral VIs from Landsat 8 images for dry (January) and raining (August) seasons; and estimated LST from MODIS. The findings showed that the ARVI, GNDVI and TVI not only showed resemblance in appearance with the NDVI in both seasons, but also had a high coefficient of correlation: ARVI = 0.973, 0.964; GNDVI = 0.919, 0.879; TVI = 0.779, 0.716. Based on this finding, the ARVI, GNDVI and TVI can be used to supplant the NDVI for biomass related studies in the study area. The study further revealed that the LST-VIs relationship was negative for both dry and rainy seasons, except for the distance-based VIs (DVI, SAVI, MSAVI) that specifically had a positive correlation with the LST. The LST was strongly correlated with the GNDVI, TVI, NDVI, ARVI (0.664 ? r ? 0.598). However, the strength of the correlation for the LST-VIs in the raining season was very weak (0.003 ? r ? 0.245). The study concluded that the correlation of the LST versus the ARVI, GNDVI, NDVI, and TVI can be used for climate related studies.
Satellite Oceanographic Data Processing and Analysis: Correlation Between Nino 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature & Sea Surface High and Wind
Authors: Lin Jen-Yang , Tang Ming-Chung , Wijaya Febrianto
Published: December 2022

El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular climate oscillation induced by sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. An anomalous warming in this area is known as El Nino, while an anomalous cooling bears the name of La Nina. The objectives of this study are  to: reproduce Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) based on MW OISST; produce Nino Region 3.4 wind and Sea Surface High (SSH);  analyze the correlation between SST and Wind & SSH; discuss Typhoon Soudelor based on SST, Wind, and SSH; and  analyze the correlation of El Nino and Precipitation in specific area. MWOI-SST was used to produce monthly mean SST over Nino 3.4 region from January 1998 – May 2020. Monthly wind data was obtained from QuickScat. Daily Sea Surface High (SSH) was obtained from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Daily precipitation from TRMM 3B42 over Bandung City (Indonesia) was used to assess the correlation between El Nino and precipitation in specific area. The results show that  in Nino 3.4 region, 2015 is the hottest year during 1998-2020 period with average SST of 28.5oC, and 1999 is the coldest year with average SST of 25.7oC. The result shows that the MWOI-SST Ocean Nino Index has very strong correlation with ERSST.v5 with coefficient of correlation is 0.92 and RMSE is 0.36oC. the wind speed of Nino 3.4 region is range from 5.23 m/s to 7.97 m/s. Unlike Sea Surface Temperature (SST), annual average wind speed is more stable with monthly variation. The wind speed is observed  high in the beginning and the end of years. Sea Surface Height (SSH) over Nino 3.4 region varied from 65.8 cm to 106.8 cm. 2015 is the highest SSH with annual average of 96 cm, whereas  1999 is the lowest SSH with annual average of 71.4 cm. It is observed that Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has negative correlation with wind speed with coefficient of correlation of 0.28. Conversely, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) over Nino 3.4 region has positive correlation with Sea Surface High (SSH) with coefficient of correlation of 0.30. which mean the higher temperature, the higher Sea Surface Height. During the passage  of  Typhoon  Soudelor, there  is  evident  cool  trail  along  its  track  with rightward bias. We can assume that the decreasing precipitation in Bandung City might be affected by strong El Nino occurrence in 2015.