Comparative characteristics of different methods of treatment of microsporia
Authors: Martyniv Y. V. , Kisera Ya. V. 
Published: January 2022

Microsporia is the most common disease of fungal etiology, most often caused by the pathogen Microsporum canis. Treatment of this disease requires a comprehensive approach, because the disease is dangerous to humans. Therefore, in the treatment of microspores, it is important not only to carry out therapeutic measures, but also to prevent the spread of the pathogen of the fungus in the environment and increase the immune status of the organism in the fight against infection. The main source of infection is cats. In order to determine the effectiveness of treatment of microsporia by various methods, studied of the blood and skin of guinea pigs infected with the pathogen M. canis. Sick animals were divided into three groups. The first group was treated with the systemic antifungal itraconazole and topical treatment with a solution of clotrimazole. Treatment of the second group was performed with a topical antifungal agent (1% solution of clotrimazole) with vaccination with the antifungal vaccine “Vakderm”. For the third group, the developed drugs were used – antifungal agent “Micromar” and immunostimulant “Biogluk”. During treatment, hematological and immunological blood researches and histological skin examinations were performed. During treatment with antifungal drugs (itraconazole and clotrimazole) the number of leukocytes decreases from 11.13 ± 0.72 to 7.13 ± 0.22, rod-shaped neutrophils from 15.76 ± 1.29 to 5.50 ± 0.76, and segmental increases from 12.17 ± 1.47 to 24.17 ± 2.27, decreases ESR from 5.67 ± 0.67 to 2.33 ± 0.42, which occurs when inhibiting the inflammatory response of the organism to infection. Thrombocytopenia (from 231.17 ± 7.60 to 184.33 ± 7.65) and eosinophilia (from 2.70 ± 0.73 to 7.33 ± 1.33) are also noted. There is a slight increase in T-helpers and a decrease in T-suppressors. Histologically, the infiltration of the dermis by histiocytes and  eosinophils under skin  persists. In the treatment of microsporia by treatment with 1 % solution of clotrimazole and vaccination with the vaccine “Vakderm” the results of studies showed that the number of leukocytes decreases from 11.13 ± 0.72 to 5.35 ± 0.31 (P < 0.01), rod-shaped neutrophils from 15.76 ± 1.29 to 7.67 ± 0.56, and segmental increases from 12.17 ± 1.47 to 22.17 ± 0.91 (P < 0.001), decreases). The number of T-helpers is increasing. The histological picture on day 7 is characterized by hyperkeratosis, and on day 14 the hyperemia of the basal layer of the epidermis persists. When using the antifungal drug “Micromar” and immunostimulant “Biogluk” the results of studies showed that the number of leukocytes decreases from 11.13 ± 0.72 to 6.95 ± 0.10, rod-shaped neutrophils from 15.76 ± 1.29 to 6.17 ± 0.65, and segmental increases from 12.17 ± 1.47 to 22.00 ± 0.86, decreases ESR from 5.67 ± 0.67 to 2.17 ± 0.31. Increases the number of T-helpers and the number of natural killers and T-suppressors is gradually decreasing. Histological changes are presented in the form of dilation of blood vessels and visualization of single erythrocytes in the dermis on day 14 of treatment.