bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de los atributos eco-estéticos del paisaje urbano de Medellín
Authors: Palmett Plata Olgalicia
Published: September 2016

Resumen: Con esta investigación se pretende indagar sobre los aspectos relevantes de las dimensiones ecológica y estética que definen los atributos del paisaje urbano de Medellín, para categorizarlos, caracterizarlos y así poder evaluarlos. Proyecto de Investigación llevado a cabo en la modalidad de Proyecto de Aula con los estudiantes del Programa de Arquitectura* en la Optativa Línea de Paisaje** en sus tres Niveles. Se pretende acercar al estudiante al contexto inmediato para el reconocimiento, análisis, evaluación y valoración de los elementos del paisaje e incursione con esta modalidad en la investigación acción a través del trabajo investigativo en el aula. Todo esto con el objetivo de sensibilizar al estudiante de Arquitectura y proporcionarle los conocimientos teóricos y herramientas prácticas para el desarrollo de estudios e informes en el ámbito del paisaje. Los avances, producciones y resultados de este proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo en el aula, se utilizó exclusivamente para la evaluación del curso y la divulgación investigativa.

 

___Palabras clave: atributos ecológicos, atributos estéticos, paisaje urbano, evaluación, ecosistemas estratégicos.

___Abstract: This research aims to investigate the relevant aspects of the ecological and aesthetic dimensions that define the attributes of the urban landscape of Medellin, to categorize, characterize and be able to evaluate them. Research Project carried out in the form of Project Classroom with students of the Architecture Program in the Landscape Elective Line in three levels. It aims to bring the student to the immediate context for the recognition, analysis, evaluation and assessment of landscape elements and inroads with this method in the action research through a research work in the classroom. All this with the aim to sensitize the student of architecture and provide him/her with the theoretical knowledge and practical tools to develop studies and reports in the field of landscape. The progress, outputs and outcomes of this research project carried out in the classroom, were exclusively used for the course evaluation and research dissemination.

___Keywords: ecological attributes, aesthetic attributes, cityscape, evaluation, strategic ecosystems.

___Recibido: 18 de agosto de 2015. Aceptado: 05 de noviembre de 2015.
A DIFÍCIL ARTE DA TRADUÇÃO
Authors: Berinson - UFPE Paula
Published: September 2016

ENSAIO
INDICADORES EM DIREITOS HUMANOS NO BRASIL: NOVOS PARADIGMAS DE PROMOÇÃO E DE PROTEÇÃO À DIGNIDADE HUMANA (1ª PARTE)
Authors: Cunha Luis Emmanuel Barbosa
Published: September 2016

RESENHA
DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA À SEGURANÇA CIDADÃ: OS PRÓXIMOS PASSOS A SEREM TOMADOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Brito Valdênia , Cunha Luis Emmanuel Barbosa , Deodato Rodrigo
Published: September 2016

No decorrer das últimas décadas, desde meados do século passado e início do Século XXI, desde os grandes centros urbanos, tanto brasileiros, quanto latino-americanos, em especial, bem como as regiões mais interioranas, têm se deparado com um crescimento altamente perceptível dos índices de violência. Os dados estatísticos, em parceria com os alertas, por vezes excessivamente exploratórios, da grande mídia, têm contribuído para que a temática da violência assuma o posto de uma das maiores preocupações da sociedade de uma forma geral.
O PAPEL DO INTERNACIONALISTA FRENTE AO COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR BRASILEIRO
Authors: Nogueira Camila , Texeira Camila
Published: September 2016

Ensaio
O REALISMO NA TEORIA DAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS
Authors: Santos Andressa de Melo
Published: September 2016

Ensaio
GUANTÁNAMO: FIM OU CONTINUIDADE?
Authors: Gomes Antonia Elizabeth Nascimento
Published: September 2016

Artigo
A CIDADE DO RECIFE: UM ATOR SUBNACIONAL NO CENÁRIO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Rocha Gustavo de Andrade
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo trata das Relações Internacionais da cidade do Recife sob a ótica da Economia e dos estudos políticos internacionais, com o objetivo de posicionar, dentro do estudo das Relações Internacionais Subnacionais, a atuação do executivo municipal. A atuação dos Atores Subnacionais é objeto recente de estudo nas Relações Internacionais, apesar do importante papel que as cidades-estado tiveram na construção dos atuais conceitos de Diplomacia e de Direito Internacional. Apenas nas últimas duas décadas a atuação desses Entes no cenário internacional ganhou uma maior atenção dos estudiosos. Apesar da inexistência de um paradigma específico para a sua atuação, isso não se mostrou um impedimento. Nesse contexto, buscou-se estabelecer o cenário econômico na qual a Cidade do Recife está imersa, a fim de contextualizar as necessidades de manter uma política municipal de Relações Internacionais, sob a justificativa de buscar um melhor aproveitamento das situações impostas pelo cenário macroeconômico. Também foi observada a atuação de outros atores subnacionais, no Brasil e no exterior, com o objetivo de estabelecer alguns parâmetros de abrangência, autonomia e de legitimação da atuação internacional em nível municipal. Em síntese, esse trabalho buscou analisar as Relações Internacionais do Recife e sua relevância para promover um maior bem estar para os seus cidadãos.
MULHERS MULÇUMANAS E DIREITOS HUMANOS: A IMPORTÂNCIA DO MOVIMENTO FEMINISTA ÁRABE NA CONSTRUÇÃO DOS DIREITOS DAS MULHERES MUÇULMANAS
Authors: Oliveira Manuela Assunção
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a compreensão dos direitos humanos internacionais sob a ótica do gênero e da cultura, mais especificamente no que diz respeito à visão dos direitos humanos em relação às mulheres muçulmanas. Buscamos perceber como os preconceitos ocidentais, imbuídos de valores eurocêntricos nos discursos sobre os direitos humanos impossibilitam um verdadeiro e concreto enfretamento na luta pelos direitos efetivos das mulheres muçulmanas. Pretendemos mostrar que a violência e o desrespeito às mulheres ocorrem em todo o mundo e não vitimizam apenas as mulheres islâmicas. E por fim, conhecer e perceber a importância dos movimentos feministas árabes para a construção dos direitos das mesmas e que se refletem no atual campo das Relações Internacionais.
O MUNDO LÍQUIDO: O CAPITALISMO MODERNO COMO FATOR CAUSADOR DA NOVA ERA LÍQUIDO DIGITAL
Authors: Ferraz Filho Luiz Augusto Firmo
Published: September 2016

Este artigo pretende, a partir da visão de Zygmunt Balman, sociólogo polonês, e ainda alguns críticos de suas obras, explicar como se formou a sociedade líquida. Sociedade esta entendida como volátil, ao avistarmos que há, explicitamente, uma troca do mundo real pelo mundo virtual.
A DIMENSÃO UTÓPICA DO RELATO HISTÓRICO
Authors: Japiassu Ricardo
Published: September 2016

Ensaio
Aqueous extraction of anions from coal and fly ash followed by ion-chromatographic determination
Authors: Tasic Aleksandra , Sredovic-Ignjatovic Ivana , Ignjatovic Ljubisa , Djuranovic Danijel , Antic Malisa
Published: September 2016

Three different techniques were applied for the aqueous extraction of anions from coal and fly ash: rotary mixer- and ultrasonic-assisted extraction with different duration time, and microwave-assisted extraction at different temperatures. Validation showed that the ion-chromatographic method was suitable for the analysis of anions in coal and fly ash extracts. The variations in the amounts of anions using different extraction times during rotary-assisted extraction were minimal for all investigated anions. The efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction of anions from coal depended on the sonication time and was highest at 30 min. The ultrasound-assisted extraction was less efficient for the extraction of anions from fly ash than rotary-assisted extraction. Increase of temperature in the microwave-assisted extraction had a positive effect on the amounts of all anions extracted from coal and sulphate from fly ash, while the amounts of fluoride and chloride in fly ash extracts decreased. The microwave-assisted extraction of coal at 150?C was compared with standard ASTM methods, and results were in good agreement only for chloride. Changes in the pH value and conductivity during ultrasound-assisted extraction were measured in order to explain changes on the surface of coal particles in contact with water and different processes that occur under environmental conditions.
Does the Relation between Information Quality and Capital Structure Vary with Cross-Country Institutional Differences?
Authors: Chen Jeff Zeyun , Lim Chee Yeow , Lobo Gerald J.
Published: September 2016

Prior research based on U.S. data finds that firms with better information quality raise more equity whereas firms with poorer information quality prefer to issue debt when they seek external financing. Little is known about whether the same conclusion holds outside the U.S. and how the country-level institutional environment influences the relation between information quality and capital structure choices. We examine the relation between accounting information quality (measured by earnings precision, accruals quality, and analyst consensus) and financial leverage across 24 countries and whether that relation varies systematically with country-level investor protection and financial orientation. We document a lower financial leverage for firms with better information quality. More importantly, we find a stronger relation between information quality and financial leverage in countries with weaker investor protection and more market-oriented economies. These cross-country results suggest that information quality is especially important in shaping a firm's capital structure decision when investor demand for information is greater.

JEL Classifications: G32; G38; M41.
The Consequences of Wynne and a Proposed Congressional Response
Authors: Nichols Nancy B. , Sonnier Blaise M.
Published: September 2016

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne held that Maryland's individual income tax law violates the Dormant Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution because it failed to grant a full credit against both the state and county income tax for income taxes paid to other states. The extension of the Dormant Commerce Clause and the application of the internal consistency test to individual income taxes may lead to taxpayer challenges in other states with individual income taxes. We identify four possible tax regimes that meet the internal consistency test under Wynne and provide an example of the impact of each regime on state and local government revenue in both the resident and nonresident state. We then review current state and local tax regimes, focusing on the 14 states with local income taxes and those that do not grant a tax credit for out-of-state local taxes paid by residents. We evaluate whether those tax regimes may be subject to challenge based on the Wynne decision. Finally, we suggest three policy options that Congress should consider to lessen the budgetary impact of Wynne on county and municipal governments and to allocate the cost of government based on income.
Aerobic capacity and isometric knee flexion strength fatigability are related to knee kinesthesia in physically active women
Authors: Allison Katelyn Fleishman , Abt John P. , Beals Kim , Nagle Elizabeth F. , Lovalekar Mita T. , Lephart Scott M. , Sell Timothy C.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:

Fatiguing exercise may impair functional joint stability and increase injury risk. Musculoskeletal and physiological characteristics are related to fatigue, but their relationship with proprioceptive changes following fatigue is unknown.

OBJECTIVE:

To establish the relationship between strength and physiological characteristics and changes in knee proprioception following fatigue.

METHODS:

Physically active women (N = 20, 28.7 ± 5.6 years, 165.6 ± 4.3 cm, 61.8 ± 8.0 kg) underwent isokinetic knee strength and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)/lactate threshold (LT) testing during Visit 1, and threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and isometric knee strength testing before and after fatiguing exercise during Visit 2.

RESULTS:

Fatigue demonstrated no effect on TTDPM despite a decrease in isometric knee flexion strength (P< 0.05). Strength and physiological variables were not significantly correlated with changes in TTDPM. VO2peak was correlated with pre-fatigue (r= -0.50) and post-fatigue (r= -0.52) TTDPM into extension (P< 0.05), and further analyses demonstrated that post-fatigue changes in isometric knee flexion strength and strength ratio were related to post-fatigue changes in proprioception (r= -0.62 and -0.40, P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Physically active women with higher aerobic capacity exhibit enhanced knee proprioception, and may benefit from training to strengthen and reduce the fatigability of the knee flexors following intense exercise, as these changes were associated with reduced proprioception.
Autophagy Activation by Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) in Striatum of HDQ175/Q7 Mice
Authors: Vodicka Petr , Chase Kathryn , Iuliano Maria , Tousley Adelaide , Valentine Dana T. , Sapp Ellen , Kegel-Gleason Kimberly B. , Sena-Esteves Miguel , Aronin Neil , DiFiglia Marian
Published: September 2016

Background: Mutant huntingtin (mHTT) is encoded by the Huntington’s disease (HD) gene and its accumulation in the brain contributes to HD pathogenesis. Reducing mHTT levels through activation of the autophagosome-lysosomal pathway may have therapeutic benefit. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates lysosome biogenesis and autophagy.

Objective: To examine if increasing TFEB protein levels in HD mouse striatum induces autophagy and influences mHTT levels.

Methods: We introduced cDNA encoding TFEB with an HA tag (TFEB-HA) under the control of neuron specific synapsin 1 promoter into the striatum of 3 month old HDQ175/Q7 mice using adeno-associated virus AAV2/9. The levels of exogenous TFEB were analyzed using qPCR and Western blot. Proteins involved in autophagy, levels of huntingtin, and striatal-enriched proteins were examined using biochemical and/or immunohistochemical methods.

Results: In HD mice expressing TFEB-HA, HA immunoreactivity distributed throughout the striatum in neuronal cell bodies and processes and preferentially in neuronal nuclei and overlapped with a loss of DARPP32 immunoreactivity. TFEB-HA mRNA and protein were detected in striatal lysates. There were increased levels of proteins involved with autophagosome/lysosome activity including LAMP-2A, LC3II, and cathepsin D and reduced levels of mutant HTT and the striatal enriched proteins DARPP32 and PDE10A. Compared to WT mice, HDQ175/Q7 mice had elevated levels of the ER stress protein GRP78/BiP and with TFEB-HA expression, increased levels of the astrocyte marker GFAP and pro-caspase 3.

Conclusion: These results suggest that TFEB expression in the striatum of HDQ175/Q7 mice stimulates autophagy and lysosome activity, and lowers mHTT, but may also increase a neuronal stress response.
Matchup models for the probability of a ground ball and a ground ball hit
Authors: Healey Glenn
Published: September 2016

We develop matchup models for the probability of a ground ball and a ground ball hit using twelve years of major league baseball play-by-play data. The models are based on player descriptors that can be estimated reliably from small samples which facilitates the use of the models for prediction. The model for ground ball probability is obtained by generalizing the log5 model to include both ground ball and strikeout rates for the batter and pitcher. A strikeout rate cross term is shown to be significant in this model which leads to regions of the matchup space, termed matched and mismatched Krate configurations, where either the batter or pitcher is favored relative to the log5 prediction. We also build a model for the probability that a ground ball becomes a hit which separates the contributions of the batter, pitcher, and defense. We show that this probability has a strong dependence on the pitcher’s ground ball and strikeout rates and that the structure of this dependence changes with the platoon configuration. We give a physical justification for the model and provide examples of pitchers with characteristics that significantly lower or raise their expected ground ball hit rates. The new models for the probability of a ground ball and a ground ball hit are tested on out-of-sample data and shown to provide more accurate predictions than alternative models.
Analysis of DST to predict oil sand: A case study of Kailashtilla field
Authors: Islam Mohammad Amirul , Woobaidullah ASM , Imam Badrul
Published: September 2016

Drill Stem Test (DST) describes the dynamic characteristic of the hydrocarbon bearing formation such as wellbore storage, skin effect, permeability, average reservoir pressure and reservoir boundary. The wellbore storage effect and average reservoir pressure help to predict the flowing phase from the reservoir. An effort has been made to analyze the DST conducted in the Kailashtilla field at the depth interval 3261 meter to 3266 meter in well KTL-7. Two sets of pressure profile have been recorded. First conditioning the well for an hour then performed drawdown following pressure build-up. The pressure signature of the buildup period and its derivative is plotted on semi-log and log-log coordinates to develop Horner and diagnostic plots, respectively. Wellbore storage, skin and transient flow effects have been observed in the DST analysis which is an indication of the hydrocarbon bearing reservoir in the zone of interest. The value of wellbore storage effect is low which predicts the flow of liquid hydrocarbon into the well bore from the reservoir. Average pressure of the investigated zone has been estimated which is higher than the water column pressure. The higher average reservoir pressure also authenticates the presence of oil reservoir.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 19-29, June-2016
Developmental disabilities of children and their health outcomes
Authors: Mondol Md Rasheduzzaman , Faysol Muhammad Tanvir , Sikder Md Shaheen
Published: September 2016

A study was conducted among 155 mothers of disabled children. The health outcome of disabled children in Bangladesh focuses overall on their health status. The cross sectional study was carried out in Bangladesh Protibondhi foundation and Society for the welfare of the Intellectual disability from august 2014 to March 2015. The analysis shows that age of most of the mothers of disabled children were between 30 and 39 years and the disabled children were their first baby. The mothers who had less than 3 antenatal visits have a great chance of having a developmental disabled child. Among 155 respondents, 27 per cent had autism and 72.9 per cent had other disabilities (Cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and intellectual disability). 35.5 per cent blood groups of fathers and mothers of children with developmental disabilities have different positive blood groups. After birth weight of 58.71 per cent baby with developmental disabilities were from 1.00 - 2.00 kg which is a low birth weight. About 70 per cent of mothers have not given exclusive breastfeeding to their disabled child. Only 29 per cent of mothers have given exclusive breastfeeding. There is a significant relationship between having delivery without skilled birth attendants and health outcomes of children. 57.7 per cent mothers with disabilities (Cerebral palsy, intellectual disability and Down syndrome) and 42.3 per cent mothers who had deliveries through non-skilled birth attendants gave birth to autistic babies. 9.1% mothers having history of violence during pregnancy gave birth to autistic babies and 90.9% mothers having history of violence during pregnancy gave birth to babies with other disabilities.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 55-62, June-2016
Quantification of pesticide residues in some soils of Narshingdi area
Authors: Uddin M Amin , Chowdhury M Alamgir Z , Fardous Z , Hasanuzzaman M
Published: September 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 85-88, June-2016
A Simple Reliable Protocol for Cytogentically Stable Mass Propagation of Ornithogalum virens Lindl.
Authors: Bhattacharya Saswati , Ghosh Biswajit , Choudhury Madhubrata
Published: September 2016

Ornithogalum virens is a plant of horticultural importance but recently researches are focused on its medicinal importance. A simple reliable protocol has been standardized for micropropagation of O. virens to produce a cytologically stable progeny with least polysomatic variation of chromosome number. Among different explants, bulb scales showed the maximum potential for organogenesis. From a single bulb scale 37 bulblets have been produced within 16 weeks of inoculation. A low concentration of auxin with different concentrations of cytokinin is suitable for organogenesis. A higher level of auxin induces callus formation. Bulblet production was the maximum in the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 2 mg/l 2iP. O. virens normally has a chromosome number of 2n=6. In nature it shows a common occurrence of polysomaty. The somatic plates that deviate from normal 2n=6 specially 2n=12 are of quite common occurrence (approximately 18?25% per root tip). Strikingly the tissue culture regenerants show a uniform chromosome number 2n=6, frequency of polyploidy being negligible. RAPD profile of the explants and its regenerants are almost same. Five primer sets give more number of bands with explants DNA. Moreover, the intensity of the bands of source plant is sometimes more than that of the regenerants. This may coincides with the fact that in the source plant the somatic chromosome number is 2n=6 and 12, whereas in regenerants it is 2n=6.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 1-14, 2016 (June)
Agrobacterium?mediated Genetic Transformation of Two Varieties of Brassica juncea (L.) Using Marker Genes
Authors: Akter Shirin , Mollika Sanjida Rahman , Sarker RH , Hoque M Imdadul
Published: September 2016

Protocol for Agrobacterium?mediated genetic transformation using hypocotyl and cotyledonary leaf with petiole from two local varieties of Brassica juncea was established by optimizing various factors influencing transformation. GUS histochemical assay revealed that the cotyledonary leaf with petiole and hypocotyl explants had positive interaction with the Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 containing the binary plasmid pBI121 which has marker genes like, GUS and nptII. Maximum transformation was obtained with bacterial suspension having an optical density of 0.8 at 600 nm, 30 min of incubation and 72 hours of co?cultivation. The transient and stable integration of the marker genes were confirmed through histochemical GUS assay, as well as PCR analysis.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 55-65, 2016 (June)
Effect of Glutamine, Biotin and ADP on Micropropagation and Growth of Chrysanthemum hybridum, Gerbera jamesonii and Cordyline fruticosa In vitro
Authors: Samarina L , Kolomiets T , Malyarovskaya V , Gubaz S , Platonova N
Published: September 2016

The effect of glutamine, biotin and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) on growth and cultivars micropropagation of three ornamental species was investigated. The addition of 10 ? 100 mg/l glutamine in culture media significantly increased rate of multiplication in Cordyline fruticosa and 100 mg/l glutamine showed the same effect for Gerbera jamesonii. Addition of glutamine did not show any effect on shoot length, root number and length in all the three species. Addition of 1 ? 3 mg/l biotin increased shoot length of Gerbera jamesonii but inhibited shoot length of Cordyline fruticosa and decreased root length of Chrysanthemum hybridum and Gerbera jamesonii. Addition of 5.0 mg/l ADP significantly increased multiplication rate of Cordyline fruticosa and 1.0 mg/l ADP showed similar effect for Gerbera jamesonii.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 97-104, 2016 (June)
Simulating the Probability of Grain Sorghum Maturity before the First Frost in Northeastern Colorado
Authors: McMaster Gregory , Edmunds Debora , Jones Sally , Johnson Jerry , Vigil Merle
Published: September 2016

Expanding grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production northward from southeastern Colorado is thought to be limited by shorter growing seasons due to lower temperatures and earlier frost dates. This study used a simulation model for predicting crop phenology (PhenologyMMS) to estimate the probability of reaching physiological maturity before the first fall frost for a variety of agronomic practices in northeastern Colorado. Physiological maturity for seven planting dates (1 May to 12 June), four seedbed moisture conditions affecting seedling emergence (from Optimum to Planted in Dust), and three maturity classes (Early, Medium, and Late) were simulated using historical weather data from nine locations for both irrigated and dryland phenological parameters. The probability of reaching maturity before the first frost was slightly higher under dryland conditions, decreased as latitude, longitude, and elevation increased, planting date was delayed, and for later maturity classes. The results provide producers with estimates of the reliability of growing grain sorghum in northeastern Colorado.
An Experimental Study on the Influence of Soundscapes on People’s Behaviour in an Open Public Space
Authors: Aletta Francesco , Lepore Federica , Kostara-Konstantinou Eirini , Kang Jian , Astolfi Arianna
Published: September 2016

Several studies have investigated how environmental sounds and music can modulate people’s behaviours, particularly in marketing research. However, there are relatively few examples of research about such relationships with a focus on the management of urban public spaces. The current study investigated an open public space used mainly as a pedestrian crossing to analyse the relationship between the audio stimuli and peoples’ behaviours. An experiment relying on covert behavioural observation was performed. During the experiment, three different music stimuli and a control condition (i.e., no music) were reproduced in order to find out firstly whether music compared to no music could elicit an increase in the number of people stopping in the investigated area, and secondly whether music is associated with a longer duration of stay for those who stop. Results showed that the presence of music had no effect on the number of people stopping in the area, but it had a statistically significant effect on the duration of stay for those who stopped. The above findings support the idea that people felt more invited to stay in the area with music rather than with no music, and suggest that the acoustical manipulation of the existing sound environment could provide soundscape strategies capable of promoting social cohesion in public spaces.
Translating into Practice Cancer Patients’ Views on Do-Not-Resuscitate Decision-Making
Authors: Olver Ian , Eliott Jaklin
Published: September 2016

Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are necessary if resuscitation, the default option in hospitals, should be avoided because a patient is known to be dying and attempted resuscitation would be inappropriate. To avoid inappropriate resuscitation at night, if no DNR order has been recorded, after-hours medical staff are often asked to have a DNR discussion with patients whose condition is deteriorating, but with whom they are unfamiliar. Participants in two qualitative studies of cancer patients’ views on how to present DNR discussions recognized that such patients are at different stages of understanding of their situation and may not be ready for a DNR discussion; therefore, a one-policy-fits-all approach was thought to be inappropriate. To formulate a policy that incorporates the patient’s views, we propose that a standard form which mandates a DNR discussion is replaced by a “blank sheet” with instructions to record the progress of the discussion with the patient, and a medical recommendation for a DNR decision to guide the nursing staff in case of a cardiac arrest. Such an advance care directive would have to honor specifically expressed patient or guardian wishes whilst allowing for flexibility, yet would direct nurses or other staff so that they can avoid inappropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a patient dying of cancer.
Essential of Hair Care Cosmetics
Authors: Alessandrini Aurora , Piraccini Bianca
Published: September 2016

Nowadays, hair care and style play a very important role in people’s physical aspect and self-perception. Hair cosmetics can be distinguished into two main categories: cosmetics with temporary effect on the hair, for example shampoos, conditioners, sprays, and temporary colors; and cosmetics with permanent effect on the hair, such as permanent waves, relaxers, bleaches and permanent colors. These cosmetic procedures may induce hair abnormalities. We provide an overview on the most important characteristics of these procedures, analyzing components and effects on the hair. Finally, we evaluated new camouflage techniques and tattoo scalp.
Prevalence of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients with Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer, and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Rugani Petra , Walter Christian , Kirnbauer Barbara , Acham Stephan , Begus-Nahrman Yvonne , Jakse Norbert
Published: September 2016

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a known side-effect of antiresorptive therapy in patients with malignant diseases. Nevertheless, the exact pathogenesis is still unknown and published prevalences show a significant range. The aim of the presented paper was to assess the prevalence of osteonecrosis (ONJ) in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma patients receiving parenteral antiresorptive therapy. For this reason a PubMed search was performed and 69 matching articles comprising 29,437 patients were included in the analysis. Nine-hundred fifty-one cases of jaw necrosis were described. The overall ONJ-prevalence was 2.09% in the breast cancer group, 3.8% in the prostate cancer group, and 5.16% for multiple myeloma patients.
Pellet as a Technological Nutrient within the Circular Economy Model: Comparative Analysis of Combustion Efficiency and CO and NOx Emissions for Pellets from Olive and Almond Trees
Authors: Molina-Moreno Valentín , Leyva-Díaz Juan , Sánchez-Molina Jorge
Published: September 2016

This study analyzes the operation of Biomass System (BIO System) technology for the combustion of pellets from almond and olive trees within the circular economy model. Its aims are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as well as waste removal and its energy use by reintroducing that waste into the production process as technological nutrient. In order to do so, combustion efficiency under optimal conditions at nominal power was analyzed. In addition, a TESTO 350-XL analyzer was employed to measure CO and NOx emissions. High combustion efficiency values were obtained, 87.7% and 86.3%, for pellets from olive tree and almond tree, respectively. The results of CO and NOx emission levels were very satisfactory. Under conditions close to nominal power, CO emission levels were 225.3 ppm at 6% O2 for pellet from almond tree and 351.6 ppm at 6% O2 for pellet from olive tree. Regarding NOx emissions, the values were 365.8 ppm at 6% O2 and 333.2 ppm at 6% O2 for pellets from almond tree and olive tree, respectively. In general, these values were below those legally established by current legislation in European countries. Therefore, BIO System technology is a perfectly feasible option in terms of energy use and circular economy.
Thermal Characteristics of Tube Bundles in Ultra-Supercritical Boilers
Authors: Choi Seok , Park Jun , Sohn Ho-Seong , Kim Seon , Cho Hyung
Published: September 2016

In this study, flow and thermal characteristics of tube bundles in ultra-supercritical boilers were analyzed. The local heat transfer around the tube bundles was measured to predict the local temperature distribution and vulnerable positions of the superheated tube bundles. The maximally superheated tube bundles were simulated in the laboratory and local heat transfer was measured by using the naphthalene sublimation method. The experiment was conducted on three lines of tube bundles, all with in-line arrangements. Each line consist of six tubes. The distance in the streamwise direction (Sx/∅) was 1.99 and that in the spanwise direction (Sz/∅) was 5.45. The Reynolds number varied from 5000 to 30,000, which covers a range of different operating conditions. Thermal and stress analyses were conducted numerically, based on the experimental data. The results showed that the flow characteristic changes the local heat transfer of the tube bundles. The flow impinged on the stagnation point of Tube 1 and reattached at 60° of Tube 2. The high heat transfer occurred at those positions of the tube bundles. The temperature and stress distributions on the surface of each tube bundle also varied. The reattachment point on Tube 2 had the highest heat transfer and temperature distribution. That position on Tube 2 was subjected to the highest stress due to the large temperature gradient. This result indicates that Tube 2 of the ultra-supercritical (USC) boiler is the weakest of the tube bundles, changing the pitch of the streamwise direction of Tube 2 is one method to reduce the highest stress in superheater tube bundles in the USC boiler.
Broad Band Observations of Gravitationally Lensed Blazar during a Gamma-Ray Outburst
Authors: Sitarek Julian , Becerra González Josefa , Buson Sara , Dominis Prester Dijana , Manganaro Marina , Mazin Daniel , Nilsson Kari , Nievas Mireia , Stamerra Antonio , Tavecchio Fabrizio , Vovk Ievgen
Published: September 2016

QSO B0218+357 is a gravitationally lensed blazar located at a cosmological redshift of 0.944. In July 2014 a GeV flare was observed by Fermi-LAT, triggering follow-up observations with the MAGIC telescopes at energies above 100 GeV. The MAGIC observations at the expected time of arrival of the trailing component resulted in the first detection of QSO B0218+357 in Very-High-Energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma rays. We report here the observed multiwavelength emission during the 2014 flare.
The Connection between the Radio Jet and the γ-ray Emission in the Radio Galaxy 3C 120 and the Blazar CTA 102
Authors: Casadio Carolina , Gómez José , Jorstad Svetlana , Marscher Alan , Grandi Paola , Larionov Valeri , Lister Matthew , Smith Paul , Gurwell Mark , Lähteenmäki Anne , Agudo Iván , Molina Sol , Bala Vishal , Joshi Manasvita , Taylor Brian , Williamson Karen , Kovalev Yuri , Savolainen Tuomas , Pushkarev Alexander , Arkharov Arkady , Blinov Dmitry , Borman George , Di Paola Andrea , Grishina Tatiana , Hagen-Thorn Vladimir , Itoh Ryosuke , Kopatskaya Evgenia , Larionova Elena , Larionova Liudmila , Morozova Daria , Rastorgueva-Foi Elizaveta , Sergeev Sergey , Tornikoski Merja , Troitsky Ivan , Thum Clemens , Wiesemeyer Helmut
Published: September 2016

We present multi-wavelength studies of the radio galaxy 3C 120 and the blazar CTA 102 during unprecedented γ-ray flares for both sources. In both studies the analysis of γ-ray data has been compared with a series of 43 GHz VLBA images from the VLBA-BU-BLAZAR program, providing the necessary spatial resolution to probe the parsec scale jet evolution during the high energy events. To extend the radio dataset for 3C 120 we also used 15 GHz VLBA data from the MOJAVE sample. These two objects which represent very different classes of AGN, have similar properties during the γ-ray events. The γ-ray flares are associated with the passage of a new superluminal component through the mm VLBI core, but not all ejections of new components lead to γ-ray events. In both sources γ-ray events occurred only when the new components are moving in a direction closer to our line of sight. We locate the γ-ray dissipation zone a short distance from the radio core but outside of the broad line region, suggesting synchrotron self-Compton scattering as the probable mechanism for the γ-ray production.
Decreased Expression of KIFC1 in Human Testes with Globozoospermic Defects
Authors: Zhi Erlei , Li Peng , Chen Huixing , Xu Peng , Zhu Xiaobin , Zhu Zijue , He Zuping , Li Zheng
Published: September 2016

Globozoospermia is a rare (prevalence of <0.1%) but severe male infertility condition. In our previous study, we found that robust KIFC1 immunostaining was detected in the human elongating/elongated spermatids during human acrosomogenesis. However, the relationship between the decreased expression of KIFC1 and human globozoospermia remains largely unknown. Testicular biopsies of 30 globozoospermia and 30 obstructive azoospermia patients who underwent infertility evaluation and treatment were utilized in this study. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blots, immunohistochemistry, an in vivo model, and intratesticular injection of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) against the Kifc1 gene were employed, and sperm abnormalities were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunocytochemistry. We revealed that the testicular level of KIFC1 mRNA in globozoospermia was significantly reduced compared with that in obstructive azoospermia, and the KIFC1 protein was barely detectable in testicular specimens in 30% (9 of 30) of patients with globozoospermia. Furthermore, knockdown of the Kifc1 gene in mice increased the percentage of sperm with globozoospermic defects (26.5%). Decreased KIFC1 expression was mainly observed in the testes of patients with globozoospermia at the spermatid stage, which may be useful for counseling and management of such patients.
Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Intervention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Physical Activity and Nutrition for Diabetes in Alberta (PANDA) Trial
Authors: Asaad Ghada , Soria-Contreras Diana , Bell Rhonda , Chan Catherine
Published: September 2016

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients often find integrating a new dietary pattern into their lifestyle challenging; therefore, the PANDA (Physical Activity and Nutrition for Diabetes in Alberta) menu plan intervention was developed to help people incorporate the Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) nutrition therapy guidelines into their daily lives. The menu plan focused on recipes and foods that were accessible, available and acceptable to Albertans. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on blood glucose control and dietary adherence and quality among patients with T2D. Participants with T2D (n = 73) enrolled in a single-arm incorporating interactive education based on a four-week menu plan that incorporated the recommendations of the CDA nutrition therapy guidelines. Post-intervention follow-up was conducted at three and six months. After three months, there were beneficial changes in A1c (−0.7%), body mass index (BMI, −0.6 kg/m2), diastolic blood pressure (−4 mmHg), total cholesterol (−63 mg/dL), HDL- (+28 mg/dL) and LDL-cholesterol (−89 mg/dL), Healthy Eating Index (+2.1 score) and perceived dietary adherence (+8.5 score) (all p < 0.05). The significant improvements in A1c, BMI and lipids were maintained at six months. The PANDA menu plan intervention was effective in improving glycemic control and diet quality. The results suggest that a dietary intervention incorporating interactive education sessions focused on menu planning with familiar, accessible foods may be effective for diabetes management.
Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin Immobilization onto Hippospongia communis Marine Demosponge Skeleton and Its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Norman Małgorzata , Bartczak Przemysław , Zdarta Jakub , Tomala Wiktor , Żurańska Barbara , Dobrowolska Anna , Piasecki Adam , Czaczyk Katarzyna , Ehrlich Hermann , Jesionowski Teofil
Published: September 2016

In this study, Hippospongia communis marine demosponge skeleton was used as an adsorbent for sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC). Obtained results indicate the high sorption capacity of this biomaterial with respect to SCC. Batch experiments were performed under different conditions and kinetic and isotherms properties were investigated. Acidic pH and the addition of sodium chloride increased SCC adsorption. The experimental data were well described by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were determined and the experimental data were analyzed using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The effectiveness of the process was confirmed by 13C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C CP/MAS NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). This novel SCC-sponge-based functional hybrid material was found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
CAPS1 Negatively Regulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development through Alteration of Exocytosis-Associated Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Xue Ruyi , Tang Wenqing , Dong Pingping , Weng Shuqiang , Ma Lijie , Chen She , Liu Taotao , Shen Xizhong , Huang Xiaowu , Zhang Si , Dong Ling
Published: September 2016

The calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion 1 (CAPS1) regulates exocytosis of dense-core vesicles (DCVs) in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. The role of CAPS1 in cancer biology remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CAPS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We determined the levels of CAPS1 in eight hepatoma cell lines and 141 HCC specimens. We evaluated the prognostic value of CAPS1 expression and its association with clinical parameters. We investigated the biological consequences of CAPS1 overexpression in two hepatoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that loss of CAPS1 expression in HCC tissues was markedly correlated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, such as high-grade tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.003) and absence of tumor encapsulation (p = 0.016), and was associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.008) and high recurrence (p = 0.015). CAPS1 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and migration by changing the exocytosis-associated tumor microenvironment in hepatoma cells in vitro. The in vivo study showed that CAPS1 overexpression inhibited xenograft tumor growth. Together, these results identified a previously unrecognized tumor suppressor role for CAPS1 in HCC development.
Probiotics Differently Affect Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Indolamine-2,3-Dioxygenase mRNA and Cerebrospinal Fluid Neopterin Levels in Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-1 Infected Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Scagnolari Carolina , Corano Scheri Giuseppe , Selvaggi Carla , Schietroma Ivan , Najafi Fard Saeid , Mastrangelo Andrea , Giustini Noemi , Serafino Sara , Pinacchio Claudia , Pavone Paolo , Fanello Gianfranco , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Vullo Vincenzo , D’Ettorre Gabriella
Published: September 2016

Recently the tryptophan pathway has been considered an important determinant of HIV-1 infected patients’ quality of life, due to the toxic effects of its metabolites on the central nervous system (CNS). Since the dysbiosis described in HIV-1 patients might be responsible for the microbial translocation, the chronic immune activation, and the altered utilization of tryptophan observed in these individuals, we speculated a correlation between high levels of immune activation markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV-1 infected patients and the over-expression of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) at the gut mucosal surface. In order to evaluate this issue, we measured the levels of neopterin in CSF, and the expression of IDO mRNA in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), in HIV-1-infected patients on effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), at baseline and after six months of probiotic dietary management. We found a significant reduction of neopterin and IDO mRNA levels after the supplementation with probiotic. Since the results for the use of adjunctive therapies to reduce the levels of immune activation markers in CSF have been disappointing so far, our pilot study showing the efficacy of this specific probiotic product should be followed by a larger confirmatory trial.
3D Bioprinting Technologies for Hard Tissue and Organ Engineering
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Ao Qiang , Tian Xiaohong , Fan Jun , Wei Yujun , Hou Weijian , Tong Hao , Bai Shuling
Published: September 2016

Hard tissues and organs, including the bones, teeth and cartilage, are the most extensively exploited and rapidly developed areas in regenerative medicine field. One prominent character of hard tissues and organs is that their extracellular matrices mineralize to withstand weight and pressure. Over the last two decades, a wide variety of 3D printing technologies have been adapted to hard tissue and organ engineering. These 3D printing technologies have been defined as 3D bioprinting. Especially for hard organ regeneration, a series of new theories, strategies and protocols have been proposed. Some of the technologies have been applied in medical therapies with some successes. Each of the technologies has pros and cons in hard tissue and organ engineering. In this review, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the historical available innovative 3D bioprinting technologies for used as special tools for hard tissue and organ engineering.
Bioactive Chaetoglobosins from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Huang Song , Chen Haiyan , Li Wensheng , Zhu Xinwei , Ding Weijia , Li Chunyuan
Published: September 2016

A novel chaetoglobosin named penochalasin I (1) with a unprecedented six-cyclic 6/5/6/5/6/13 fused ring system, and another new chaetoglobosin named penochalasin J (2), along with chaetoglobosins G, F, C, A, E, armochaetoglobosin I, and cytoglobosin C (3–9) were isolated from the culture of Penicillium chrysogenum V11. Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and high resolution mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by comparing the theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation with the experimental CD. Compound 1 was the first example, with a six-cyclic fused ring system formed by the connection of C-5 and C-2′ of the chaetoglobosin class. Compounds 5–8 remarkably inhibited the plant pathogenic fungus R. solani (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) = 11.79–23.66 μM), and compounds 2, 6, and 7 greatly inhibited C. gloeosporioides (MICs = 23.58–47.35 μM), showing an antifungal activity higher than that of carbendazim. Compound 1 exhibited marked cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-435 and SGC-7901 cells (IC50 < 10 μM), and compounds 6 and 9 showed potent cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 and A549 cells (IC50 < 10 μM).
Microwave-Absorbing Characteristics and XRD Characterization of Magnetic Separation Products of Reductive Products of Ilmenite Concentrate
Authors: Wang Xinying , Li Wei , Zhang Libo , Peng Jinhui
Published: September 2016

The microwave absorbing characteristics of magnetic separation products (magnetic and non-magnetic) of reductive products of ilmenite concentrate were measured by the method of microwave cavity perturbation and the magnetic separation products were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It was demonstrated that metallic iron was a strong microwave absorbing material, while TiO2 was a weak microwave absorbing material. The decrease of a strong microwave absorbing material and an increase of weak microwave absorbing material resulted in the great decrease of microwave absorbing characteristics of magnetic products by using a current intensity from 2.5 to 3.0 A. FeTi2O5 was a strong microwave absorbing material, the increasing content would lead to the significant increase of the microwave absorbing characteristics of non-magnetic products by using a current intensity from 2.0 to 4.0 A. The conclusions could help us to optimize the ilmenite concentrate processing by microwaves and microwave cavity design.