bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Response to Treatment with Imatinib Versus Nilotinib in the Initial Three Months in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Singh Irom Anil , Jain Aditi , Devi Pukhrambam Vedanti , Niangneihching Tombing
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for 15 - 20 % of leukemia in adults worldwide. At present, the three tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib are accepted as the standard first-line treatment in chronic phase (CP). Nilotinib is a second generation TKI having faster and deeper response compared to imatinib. We wanted to see if the response achieved with nilotinib in the first three months could be translated into long term benefits when imatinib was given after 3 months. METHODS Newly diagnosed CML-CP patients were randomized into two arms. The patients on the first arm were given imatinib and in the second arm nilotinib was given for first 3 months. After three months nilotinib was switched over to imatinib. The molecular response was assessed in both arms at 3 months and 6 months. RESULTS Twenty-six patients in each arm were analysed. The optimal molecular response (QPCR <10 %) after 3 months was significantly higher in patients receiving nilotinib than imatinib (96.1 % vs 65.38 %; P < 0.0048). The optimal response after 6 months (QPCR < 1 %) was found to be more in the initial nilotinib arm than the initial imatinib arm (76.9 % vs 65.3 %; P - value = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS Patients on nilotinib arm did well even after switching to imatinib. It gives us an important platform for an economically backward country like India where the therapy with more potent drug like nilotinib is given in the initial three months or even six months. KEYWORDS Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia, Imatinib, Nilotinib, Optimal Response, Major Molecular Response
A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge and Practice with Regard to Personal Protective Equipment in Covid-19 Management among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Center of Ananthapuram District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: B Niharika , R Suchitra , Shouri Shreenivas , Priyanka Posina
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND The healthcare personnel are the first ones to get exposed to corona virus disease (COVID 19) infection while serving the patients in the hospital. Correct knowledge and practice regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) kit usage is the need of the hour which acts as a barrier for infection. The level of knowledge on PPE, method of guidance and the perceived need for PPE by healthcare personnel play an important role in controlling the infections in hospital settings. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Covid Care Center of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Ananthapuramu district among healthcare staff using a pre-structured closed-ended questionnaire regarding socio-demographic details and usage of personal protective equipment. The score obtained was classified as good if the score ranges from 6 to 8 & poor if the score is from 0 to 5. RESULTS 28 out of 64 subjects (43.7 %) had good knowledge & practice regarding PPE kit usage. Majority of them had given correct responses for PPE kit components, wearing masks and disposal of PPE while most of them scored poorly in donning and doffing steps, wearing gloves and foot covers. CONCLUSIONS Most of the study subjects had good knowledge regarding wearing masks, PPE kit components, & method of disposal of PPE. Majority of them did not know the correct steps for donning & doffing of PPE & wearing gloves. Most of the doctors did not even have adequate knowledge on appropriate usage and disposal of PPE. As per the study, neither gender nor job title could determine the level of knowledge & practice of PPE kit. Well planned training sessions for health care workers (HCWs) regarding the steps of donning and doffing of PPE, correct method of disposal of PPE & using right substitutes is important. KEYWORDS PPE Kit, Healthcare, Donning, Doffing
A Cross -Sectional Study of Bacteriological Profile of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit in Central Kerala
Authors: Rao Satheesh Chandra Sugatha , Beena Shara
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract infections are the most common bacterial infections in neurosurgery intensive care units (NSICU), resulting in high overall mortality. The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens poses a challenge to their empiric treatment. Regular surveillance of the prevalent strains and their susceptibility pattern, helps to revise the antibiotic policies and aids in better management of the patient. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery and Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, over a period of 1 year, using lower respiratory tract specimens of 190 patients with acute respiratory symptoms admitted in neurosurgery intensive care unit. The specimens collected aseptically were processed immediately. Following culture, the bacterial isolates were identified using standard methods and antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The data obtained was coded and entered in Microsoft Excel and expressed as percentage. RESULTS Bacterial isolates were obtained from 74 % samples. 82 % isolates were monomicrobial and 18 % were polymicrobial. Majority of the isolates were gram negative bacteria (94 %) followed by gram positive bacteria (6 %). The common gram-negative isolates were K. pneumoniae (36 %), A. baumannii (29 %), P. aeruginosa (20 %). Methicillin-resistant staph (MRSA) (3 %) and methicillinsusceptible staph (MSSA) (3 %) accounted for the gram positive cocci. 61 % isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR). Most common MDR organism was A. baumannii. It was observed that 26 % isolates were extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) producers. A high rate of resistance to cephalosporins, beta lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and cotrimoxazole was observed. An emerging resistance to carbapenems was observed. CONCLUSIONS Proper microbiological work up and antibiotic stewardship programmes can limit spread of resistant organisms, thereby reducing the medical and economic burden of the patient. KEYWORDS Lower Respiratory Tract Infection, Neurosurgery ICU, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests, Multi Drug Resistant Organisms
Efficacy of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Treatment of Macular Oedema in Retinal Vein Occlusion Refractory to Anti-VEGF Therapy - A Prospective Interventional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern India
Authors: Panigrahi Pradeep Kumar , Das Suprava , Mishra Suchismita
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Macular oedema due to retinal vein occlusion can be refractory to treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in some patients. We wanted to evaluate the efficacy of single dose of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of macular oedema due to retinal vein occlusion, which is refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. METHODS 32 patients with refractory macular oedema were included in this prospective, interventional, comparative study. 20 patients were included in the study group and received 4 mg / 0.1 ml of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. 12 patients in control group did not receive any treatment. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were assessed in each group at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months following injection. RESULTS Mean BCVA in study group improved from 1.36 ± 0.33 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) at baseline to 0.94 ± 0.49 LogMAR at the end of 3 months. Mean CFT at baseline and 3 months was 498.65 ± 90.64 and 331 ± 100.57 microns respectively in the study group. The mean baseline BCVA and CFT in the control group was 1.19 ± 0.43 LogMAR and 428.33 ± 101.75 microns respectively. Mean BCVA and CFT at the end of 3 months was 1.16 ± 0.45 LogMAR and 424.75 ± 98.75 microns respectively. Change in mean BCVA and CFT at baseline and at the end of 3 months was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.000) between the 2 groups. There was increase in macular oedema in the study patients after the 2nd month following injection leading to slight worsening of visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide is an option in the treatment of macular oedema due to retinal vein occlusion refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. However, the efficacy of a single injection is short lived. Multiple injections might be needed to maintain the visual gains. KEYWORDS Retinal Vein Occlusion, Macular Oedema, Refractory, Triamcinolone, Intravitreal
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Thyroid – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Paul Shib Shankar , Ghosh Saradindu
Published: June 2021

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of thyroid is extremely rare & represents less than 1 % of all primary thyroid malignancies. Their diagnosis and management pose a challenge and their prognosis is very poor with a median survival rate of less than 6 months due to their aggressive local manifestations & distant metastasis. One should exclude the possibilities / presence of other primary focuses of squamous cell carcinoma, which could metastasize to thyroid.
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Dengue Fever in the Paediatric Age Group at a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal - A Comparison of Two Subsequent Years
Authors: Sikdar Shankar , Bandyopadhyay Ujjwal , Das Sutapa , Bhattacharya Mala
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Dengue is a major public health concern in tropical Asian countries and a most rapidly spreading mosquito borne viral disease with a 30 fold increase in global incidence over the last five decades. Dengue is among the ten leading causes of death in children ranging from 1 to 15 years of age in tropical Asian countries. Complications of dengue fever are common in children. But very limited studies are available on paediatric populations. The virus or non-structural protein (NS1) interacts with platelets and coagulation factors. A combined effect of mild disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver damage and platelet dysfunction results in bleeding in dengue fever. With this scientific knowledge background, the present study was undertaken to identify and document the changing pattern of dengue infection in paediatric age group with a special emphasis on laboratory findings of dengue cases in paediatric age group. METHODS The present descriptive study was conducted for two years in a state run paediatric referral hospital. The sample was purposive by design and consisted of patients who have been diagnosed as having dengue fever with warning signs and admitted. RESULTS Fever was typically high grade (> 103 F) and most patients presented with warning signs within 5 days of illness (64.2 % in year 2016 and 76.6 % in year 2017). Persistent vomiting and abdominal pain were the most common warning signs in both the years. Thrombocytopenia was the commonest laboratory finding. Bleeding in study subjects lead to < 50000 / cu mm platelet count. Most common bleeding was gastrointestinal bleeding (39.2 % of study subjects with platelet count < 50000 / cu mm presented with G. I bleeding). CONCLUSIONS Dengue illness comes with varied presentation. Atypical presentations can delay the diagnosis. Early recognition of warning signs keeping the atypical presentation in mind is important. KEYWORDS Dengue Fever, Paediatric Age Group, Non-Structural Protein (NS1), Thrombocytopenia
Thermal and shock-wave effects of HIFU - effects on tissue-equivalent phantoms
Authors: Gryzunov V.V. , Gaponenko I.N. , Gunina A.V. , Kim Y.V. , Kuchinskaia S.A. , Naumova P.V. , Oganyan K.A. , Oganyan K.A. , Furash I.Y. , Tkhai D.V.
Published: June 2021

The nature of changes in the structure of the PAG-3 biophantome under the action of HIFU indicates the significance of shock-wave shifts involved in the formation of the heat pattern and the destruction zone. The thermal effect is accompanied by the accumulation of thermal energy, the limitation of the thermal field, which predetermines the therapeutic efficiency of focused ultrasound exposure, however, it is advisable to take into account the role of mechanical effects in focused ultrasound therapy.
The technology of experimental researches of the strength of bent reinforced concrete elements in the zone of action of transverse forces
Authors: Starishko I.N.
Published: June 2021

Extensive experimental researches of the author of the article showed that in T-profile beams, despite the fact that with an increase in the length of the shear span, the bearing capacity along inclined sections significantly decreases, the effect of overhangs of compressed flanges on the bearing capacity of these beams, on the contrary, increases, and when, with an increase in the length of the shear span, the beam becomes equal in strength in normal and inclined sections, the effect of overhangs, as a rule, becomes the same in both the strength of normal and the strength of inclined sections, which is not taken into account in the regulatory documents of Russia, the USA and a number of other countries. At the same time, experiments have shown that the smaller the rib width in the cross section of bent reinforced concrete T-profile beams (standard beams of bridge structures on the territory of Russia), the greater the effect of the overhangs of compressed flanges on their bearing capacity along inclined sections. The values of the influences on the bearing capacity of bent reinforced concrete elements of such factors as: the forces of engagement of the rough surface of the banks when they are displaced in an inclined crack from the action of the load; the nagel effect in the longitudinal steel reinforcement at the intersection of it with an inclined crack; prestressing in longitudinal steel reinforcement, depending on the amount of transverse steel reinforcement and the width of the cross-section of the elements, etc. The technology for conducting experimental researches will have a positive effect for the development of a reliable theory for calculating bent reinforced concrete elements along inclined sections only when it includes the whole complex of a variety of the influence of the main factors on the operation of the researched elements with its in-depth analysis.
Формы устройства детей оставшихся без попечения родителей
Authors: Цепелева Е.А.
Published: June 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются формы устройства детей оставшихся без попечения родителей, что в настоящее время является актуальным, так как количество детей оставшихся без попечения родителей по разным причинам на территории РФ увеличивается с каждым годом.
Репрезентация концепта «женщина» в башкирской языковой картине мира
Authors: Гафарова Г.И. , Саньярова Р.Р.
Published: June 2021

Концепт «Женщина» универсален тем, что представлен практически во всех языках. В то же время он обладает различными культурными коннотациями, имеет у носителей той или иной лингвокультурной общности определенную этическую и эстетическую ценность. В статье рассматриваются основные подходы к определению термина «концепт» и различные точки зрения о структуре концепта, выделяются различные компоненты в структуре концепта. В данной работе анализируется концепт «Женщина» в башкирской языковой картине мира на материале эпосов, народных песен. Также рассматривается образ башкирской женщины как один из ключевых образов в творчестве башкирских писателей и поэтов. Приводятся примеры, на основании которых делается вывод о критериях женственности, сформированных в виртуальной среде.
Трансформация падежей и склонений имени существительного от латинского до испанского языка (на материале «Cantar de mio Cid» XII)
Authors: Лисевская А.И. , Титаренко Н.В.
Published: June 2021

В статье рассмотрены такие понятия как имя существительное, падеж, склонение имени существительного в латинском языке и эволюция форм существительного от латинского до современного варианта испанского языка (на материале «Cantar de mio Cid» XII)
К вопросу преподавания философии в современных условиях
Authors: Фетисова Е.Н.
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема современных российских вузов – качество преподавания философии в свете кардинальных перемен в учебном процессе. Наиболее важными автор считает сокращение часов на лекционные и практические занятия, замена итогового контроля с экзамена на зачет, выстраивание диалога со студентами в дистанционном режиме, сокращение смежных философских дисциплин. Автор сравнивает два времени, когда кризис преподавания философии стал наиболее актуален: это распад СССР и наше время. Автор ставит вопрос о необходимости сохранения дисциплины «Философия» в российских вузах.
Mapping the Reproductive Health Communication Landscape: A State-of-the-art Review
Authors: Woldearegay Amanuel Gebru
Published: June 2021

Background: Reproductive health communication encompasses family planning, maternal, neonatal and child health, and sexual and reproductive health communications for adolescents and youth as fundamental elements for intervention.
Objective: To summarize, examine, and identify gaps in the theoretical, methodological, empirical, and measurement literature on reproductive health communication as it relates to Ethiopia.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases such as the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Psychological Information (PsychINFO), and Google Scholar to locate theoretic, psychometric, and empirical literature on reproductive health communication.
Results: Local literature identified by the databases were mainly based on crosssectional designs, had small sample size and lacked essential psychometric protocols. Results showed that most studies replicatively focused on spousal communication centering reproductive choices and decisions. A common strategy was to use student populations as data sources limiting the generalizability of findings.
Conclusion: The need for more diverse designs and areas of investigation using better instrumentation is indicated.
Association between Inflammatory Cytokines and Liver Functions in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Eltahir Mohamed Abdelrhman , Mohammedsalih Kawthar Abdelgaleil , Mohamed Elhaj Noureldien , Babekir Faisal Makki , Ismail Amar Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with abnormal liver tests, and the medications used for RA are often hepatotoxic. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate an association between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and liver function tests in RA patients.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 88 RA patients were included, 84 of them were women and 4 men, aged 21–81 years. Serum interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17), Osteopontin (OPN) were measured and liver function tests were conducted.
Results: The frequency of RA was higher among adults aged >41 years (72 [81.8%]) than young adults aged ≤41 years (16 [18.2%]). RA was more common in women (84 [95.5%]) than in men (4 [4.5%]) – approximately 21:1-fold. Young adults had higher abnormal IL-10 than adult RA patients (OR = 3.72, p-value 0.044). Abnormal IL-17 (OR = 5.67, p-value 0.034) was found to be increased in young-adult RA patients. No association was observed between age and OPN and between the duration of disease and IL-10, IL-17, and OPN. Similarly, no association was noted between the types of treatment and IL-10, IL-17, and OPN, nor between IL-10, IL-17, OPN and liver parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, ALB, TP, and GGT).
Conclusion: Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are not associated with abnormal liver functions, as has been demonstrated in RA patients.
Integración: el punto de vista de las personas inmigrantes latinoamericanas en Euskadi
Authors: Gatica Lucas Martín
Published: June 2021

La inmigración en España tiene carácter estructural, con aras a aumentar en el transcurso de las décadas, donde personas de distintas culturas y orígenes comparten la vida cotidiana, las instituciones y los servicios. Esta realidad que ha venido tomando forma desde hace unas décadas plantea una serie de retos, entre ellos, la cuestión de la integración social. Analizamos las narrativas de personas inmigrantes latinoamericanas que residen en el País Vasco para explorar sus perspectivas con respecto a su propia integración y examinar la relación con las discusiones teóricas alrededor del concepto de integración. Nuestro estudio señala cómo las narrativas se acercan teóricamente a las definiciones más actuales de integración, las problematizan y dan posibles pistas acerca de una integración “ideal”.
Wpływ wewnętrznych czynników na sukces projakościowego zarządzania w organizacji
Authors: Zapłata Sławomir
Published: June 2021

Jakość jest atrybutem otaczającego nas świata, stanowi kryterium wyboru w podejmowaniu różnorodnych decyzji, co wpływa na funkcjonowanie rynku. Zmieniające się rynkowe warunki gospodarowania wymuszają proces ciągłego dostosowywania wewnętrznych działań w firmie. Tematem monografii jest zarządzanie jakością w organizacji (nazywane również zarządzaniem projakościowym), w szczególności czynniki wewnętrzne, ich ważność i oddziaływanie na rezultaty zarządzania jakością, które parametryzują sukces podejmowanych działań organizacyjnych w tym obszarze zarządzania. Analizę literatury przedmiotu i teoretyczne rozważania uzupełniono wynikami badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych w autoryzowanych salonach sprzedaży i serwisu samochodów osobowych w Polsce. Wewnętrzne czynniki projakościowego zarządzania w organizacji wzbogacono o aspekty ryzyka, które w znacznej mierze wpływa na sukces funkcjonowania każdej organizacji na rynku.
Akciğer kanser cerrahisinde onkolojik prensipler
Authors: Öncel Murat , Şanlı Aydın , Yıldıran Hüseyin
Published: June 2021

Küçük hücre dışı akciğer kanserlerinde cerrahi başarı, iyi bir anatomik rezeksiyon sonrası makroskobik ve mikroskobik olarak temiz gelen cerrahi sınır olması ve lenf nodlarında yayılım görülmemesidir. Cerrahi, akciğer kanserlerinde özellikle erken evrelerde en büyük tedavi şansını oluştururken tümör ve komşu dokuların birlikte anblok rezeksiyonları, cerrahi sınırda tümör dokusunun kalmayışı en uzun süreli sağkalımı sağlamaktadır. Küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanserli hastaların yaklaşık %70’inde kullanılan lobektomi standart bir anatomik rezeksiyondur. Uygulanan teknik pulmoner venlerin, arterin ve bronşun ayrı ayrı serbestleştirilmesi ve ardından mutlak bir şekilde hiler lenf nodları ve lenfatiklerin dikkatli diseksiyonudur. Akciğer rezeksiyonu geçirecek bütün hastalar için rezeksiyon öncesi evreleme; hastalığın seyri ve onkolojik girişimlerin algoritması için mutlaka yapılmalıdır.
Does using constrained acetabular component really limit hip range of motion?
Authors: ÇELEN Zekeriya Ersin , OZKURT Bulent , UTKAN Ali , ARSLAN Aydin , GAFUROĞLU Tuba Ümit , ESER Filiz
Published: June 2021

Aim: In surgical treatment of instability, constrained acetabular inserts are frequently used in hip arthroplasty. However the reasons why surgeons avoid constrained acetabular components are the concern of an increased rate of loosening possibly due to impingement and the concern of decreased range of motion. This study aims to investigate the influence of constrained acetabular insert usage on hip range of motions and functional results.

Material and Methods: Twenty-eight patients who needed revision hip arthroplasty were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to acetabular insert used in surgery (constrained and non-constrained). Mean follow-up period was 61±7 months (range, 50-74) in constrained group and 59±7 (range, 50-72) in non-constrained group. Hip range of motion and harris hip scores were recorded pre-operatively and at final follow-up.

Results: The final avarage flexion, abduction, adduction, external rotation and internal rotation was respectively 78°±15°, 43°±4°, 28°±3°, 30°±7°,19°±8° in constrained group (n=15) and 75°±14°, 40°±6°, 26°±5°, 30°±12°, 17°±6° in non-constrained group (n=13). The difference between groups was not statistically significant. Harris hip score increased in both groups and there was no significant difference between groups (p=0.730).

Conclusion: Findings of this mid term study showed that hip range of motions and functional results in patients with constrained acetabular inserts are not inferior than the patients with non-constrained inserts.
Sekiz bölmeli kolistinli agar besiyerinde acinetobacter baumannii türlerinde kolistin direncinin saptanması
Authors: GÖRGÜN Selim
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Acinetobacter baumannii suşları sıklıkla çoklu ilaç direnci gösteren ve mortalite oranı yüksek opurtunistik nasokomiyal patojenlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Acinetobacter klinik izolatlarında kolistin direnç paterninin tüp dilüsyon ve agar dilüsyon yöntemleriyle kıyaslamalı olarak değerlendirilmesinin yanı sıra rutin kullanımda olmayan sekiz bölmeli kolistinli agar besiyerinin performansının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada, Samsun Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’de 2018-2019 yılları arasında çeşitli kliniklerinde yatmakta olan 104 hastadan izole edilen ve tam otomatik bakteri identifikasyon cihazında (VITEK 2, Biomerioux, France) tanımlaması yapılmış A.baumannii suşlarının kolistin direnci tüp makro dilüsyon ve agar dilüsyon yöntemleriyle saptandı. Agar dilüsyon testi, sekiz sabit bölmeli tek bir petri kutusunda ve 0,125-16 µg/ml konsantrasyonda kolistin ilaveli Mueller Hinton agar besiyerinde yapıldı. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) verilerine göre yorumlama yapılarak, 2 µg/ml ve altı minimal inhibitor konsantrasyon (MİK) değeri kolistine duyarlı suş olarak kabul edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya dâhil edilen 104 suşun 68’i (%65,4) otomatize sistemde, 66’sı (%63,5) sıvı tüp dilüsyon testinde, 64’ü (%61,5) agar dilüsyon testinde kolistine duyarlı olarak saptandı. Tüp dilüsyon testinde 38 (%36,5) suş kolistine dirençli iken, agar dilüsyon testinde ise 40 (%38,5) suş kolistine dirençli olarak tespit edildi. Direnç testinde 2µg/ml ve altı kolistine duyarlı kabul edildi. Ancak seçilen örneklem grubu nedeniyle direnç testinde 0,125 ve 0,250 µg/ml konsantrasyonlarda kolistin duyarlılığı görülmedi. Tüp dilüsyon yönteminde en fazla görülen MİK değeri 1 µg/ml iken agar dilüsyonunda en fazla görülen MİK değeri 2 µg/ml idi.

Sonuç: Sunduğumuz çalışmada agar ve tüp dilüsyon yöntemleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Sekiz bölmeli tek bir kolistinli agar besiyerinde yapılan direnç çalışması sonucu laboratuvar maliyet avantajı sağlamaktadır.
Paranazal sinüs anatomik varyantları ve hastalıklarının tanısında bilgisayarlı tomografi ile konvansiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntülemenin etkinliğininin karşılaştırması
Authors: ALTAN KUS Aylin
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Çalışmamızda amacımız; paranazal sinüs anatomisi, anatomik varyantları ve hastalıklarının tanısında Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT) ile Konvansiyonel Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülemenin etkinliğini karşılaştırmaktır

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda paranazal sinüs BT için kliniğimize başvuran 35 olguya aksiyel ve koronal kesitlerde BT incelemesi yapıldı. MRG‘nin ek katkısını araştırmak amaçlı; BT ile paranazal sinüslerin anatomik varyantları, mukozal kalınlaşmaları ve yer kaplayıcı lezyonları izlenen 35 olguda MR inceleme yapıldı. Her iki modalitedeki anatomik detaylar, anatomik varyasyonlar, enflamatuvar mukozal hastalık, yer kaplayıcı kistik ya da solid lezyonlar ve dental kaynaklı artefaktlar karşılaştırıldı.

.

Bulgular: BT ile 35 hastada saptanan toplam 32 anatomik varyasyonların tamamı, 46 paranazal sinüs patolojisinin 44’ü MRG ile doğrulanmıştır. BT tanısı temel olarak alındığında sinonazal patolojilerde MRG’nin sensitivitesi %95.6 bulundu

Sonuç: Çalışmamız MRG’nin paranazal sinüs anatomik varyasyonları ve patolojilerinde BT’ye alternatif olarak kullanılabileceğini gösteren mevcut çalışmaları desteklemektedir
Which anemia is associated with mortality in COVID-19? Mild, moderate or severe ?
Authors: TEZCAN Büşra , ÇİFTÇİ Halis
Published: June 2021

Aim:We aimed to investigate the prevalence of anemia at admission to intensive care unit (ICU), association between anemia and mortality, lengths of stay in hospital and ICU (LOS-H and LOS-ICU) in COVID-19 patients.

Material and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 288 COVID-19 patients who needed ICU admission. Patients were divided into two groups: anemic and nonanemic. Demographic data, labaratory findings at ICU admission, LOS-H and LOS-ICU, mortality were compared between groups. A further classification was made based on hemoglobin levels; severe, moderate and mild anemic patients were analyzed. LOS-H, LOS-ICU and mortality were compared between patients with hemoglobin > 109 g/L and ≤ 109 g/L. Thus; moderate and severe anemic patients were compared to mild anemic and nonanemic patients.

Results: Anemia was detected in 137 (47.6%) patients upon admission to the ICU. Of those; 54 patients (39.4%) had mild, 76 patients (55.5%) had moderate, 7 patients (5.1%) had severe anemia. Anemic patients were older, had multiple comorbidities, lower hemoglobin and albumin, higher red cell distribution width (RDW), creatinine and procalcitonin levels. While LOS-H, LOS-ICU and mortality rates did not significantly differ between anemic and nonanemic patients; mortality rate was significantly high in patients with hemoglobin levels ≤ 109 g/L (moderate anemic) compared to patients with a hemoglobin level > 109 g/L (mild anemic and nonanemic). LOS-H and LOS-ICU were not significantly different between these patient groups. Only seven patients had severe anemia and all of these died.

Conclusion: The results of this retrospective study showed that the anemia prevalence in ICU patients with COVID-19 was high, and mild anemia was not associated with higher mortality rates, while moderate and severe anemia were. Hemoglobin levels of anemic patients with COVID-19 should be closely monitored for timely detecting signs of disease progression.
COLEÇÃO FICOLÓGICA E A IMPORTÂNCIA DO REGISTRO HISTÓRICO DE MACROALGAS PARA A BIODIVERSIDADE MARANHENSE = PHICOLOGICAL COLLECTION AND THE IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL RECORD OF BENTHIC MARINE ALGAE FOR THE BIODIVERSITY OF MARANHAO STATE
Authors: Butarelli Ana Carolina de Araújo , Arouche Marlla Maria Barbosa , Almeida Jr. Eduardo Bezerra de
Published: June 2021

Os acervos biológicos destacam-se por ser uma fonte de dados sobre os diferentes organismos, apresentando um grande e inestimado valor histórico e cultural. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de registrar a importância histórica do acervo de macroalgas existente no Herbário do Maranhão (MAR) devido à necessidade de conservação desse acervo. A coleção ficológica foi organizada pela Profa. Maria Marlúcia, e teve seu início com a coleta da alga marinha Catenella caespitosa (Florideophyceae) em 1985. A partir de então, foi iniciado o levantamento de macroalgas marinhas bentônicas do Maranhão, sendo doada para o Herbário MAR, em 2013. Apesar do litoral maranhense ser o segundo maior litoral do Brasil, os estudos sobre as algas não são proporcionais à extensão litorânea do Estado. Assim, o presente estudo buscou evidenciar a importância histórica do registro das macroalgas e a necessidade de mais estudos para ampliar o conhecimento sobre as macroalgas que compõem o Maranhão.ABSTRACTBiological collections stand out for being a source of data on different organisms, presenting a great and inestimated historical and cultural value. In addition, the present study aimed to record he historical importance of the existing macroalgae collection in the Herbarium of Maranhão (MAR) due to the need to preserve this collection. The ficological collection was organized by the professor Maria Marlúcia, and started with the collection of seaweed Catenella caespitosa (Florideophyceae) in 1985. From that period, it started the survey of marine benthic macroalgae in the state of Maranhão, being donated to Herbarium MAR in 2013. Although the coast of the state of Maranhão is the second largest coast in Brazil, the algae studies are not proportional to the coastal extension of Maranhão state. Thus, the present study sought to highlight the historical importance from the record of macroalgae and the need for further studies to expand knowledge about the macro algae that compound Maranhão state.
USO DE MÍDIAS DIGITAIS APLICADO À ESTUDOS DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO MERO Epinephelus itajara NO LITORAL AMAZÔNICO BRASILEIRO = USE OF DIGITAL MEDIA APPLIED TO CONSERVATION STUDIES OF THE ATLANTIC GOLIATH GROUPER Epinephelus itajara (LICHTENSTEIN, 1822) IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON COAST
Authors: Duailibe Igor Cristian Figueiredo dos Santos , Coelho Keyton Kylson Fonseca , Filgueira Carlos Henrique Marinho dos Santos , Nunes Ana Rita Onodera Palmeira , Saraiva Ananda Carolina Serejo , Nunes Jorge Luiz Silva
Published: June 2021

O mero Epinephelus itajara é uma espécie ameaçada atualmente classificada como Vulnerável (VU) de acordo com a Lista Vermelha da União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza (IUCN) e Criticamente em Perigo (CR) na Lista Vermelha Brasileira do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). Uma pesquisa utilizando as mídias digitais como base para a obtenção de dados sobre essa espécie mostrou que existe uma pesca contínua desse animal no litoral do Estado do Maranhão, mesmo protegido pela legislação nacional. Além disso, as mídias digitais têm um grande potencial para serem utilizadas como uma ferramenta de inspeção ambiental e uma importante estratégia para identificar áreas de captura e locais de desembarque de espécies ameaçadas, como o Epinephelus itajara.ABSTRACTThe Atlantic goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara is one of the largest species in the Serranidae family. E. itajara is an endangered species currently categorized as Vulnerable (VU) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List (IUCN) and Critically Endangered (CR) on the Brazilian Red List of the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). A survey using digital media as a basis for obtaining data on this species showed that there is a continuous fishing of this animal across the coast of the Maranhão State, even protected by national legislation. In addition, digital media have great potential to be used as an environmental inspection tool and an important strategy for identifying capture areas and landing places of threatened species such as Epinephelus itajara.
The Restructuring of the European Pharmaceutical Industry between 2000 and 2018
Authors: Nagy Benedek
Published: June 2021

To meet the requirements of global competition, the European Union (EU) places particular emphasis on the development of knowledge‑intensive, innovative industries. The pharmaceutical industry, as a high‑tech manufacturing subsection, has a long tradition in Europe. However, the distribution of pharmaceutical industry employment and value added is not even within the Union, and its temporal dynamics is also different.

In the present paper, I examine the change of the structure of the pharmaceutical industry within the Union using country groups. I compare the development of pharmaceutical industry employment in the period between 2000 and 2018 in three country groups. I use a simple decomposition method to separate the effects of sector growth and labor productivity change on the change of pharmaceutical employment to find out how similarly this industry evolved in the different country groups. The analysis shows that while in the 12 original, i.e., pre–2004, member states (Core EU), employment slightly increased alongside a considerable increase in value added, the nine post‑socialist countries (PS9) achieved slightly greater value added expansion combined with substantial employment growth. Meanwhile, the four Visegrád countries (V4) achieved a value added growth similar to the PS9, but an even greater employment growth. This indicates that the part of the pharmaceutical industry operating with higher labor productivity is concentrating in the Core EU countries, while in the less developed post‑socialist countries, the part of the pharmaceutical industry with lower labor productivity is developing.
The Persistence of Suicides in G20 Countries between 1990 and 2017: an SPSM Approach to Three Generations of Unit Root Tests
Authors: Anyikwa Izunna , Hamman Nicolene , Phiri Andrew
Published: June 2021

Suicides represent an encompassing measure of psychological wellbeing, emotional stability as well as life satisfaction, and they have been recently identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major global health concern. The G20 countries represent the powerhouse of global economic governance and hence possess the ability to influence the direction of global suicide rates. In applying the sequential panel selection method (SPSM) to three generations of unit root testing procedures, the study investigates the integration properties of suicides in G20 countries between 1990–2017. The results obtained from all three generations of tests provide rigid evidence of persistence within the suicides for most member states of the G20 countries, hence supporting the current strategic agenda pushed by the WHO in reducing suicides to a target rate of 10 percent. In addition, we further propose that such strategies should emanate from within G20 countries and spread globally thereafter.
Polszczyzna dziewiętnastowiecznych salonów
Authors: Umińska-Tytoń Elżbieta
Published: June 2021

Publikacja ukazuje etykietę językową dziewiętnastowiecznych salonów polskich. Materia językowa usytuowana została na szerszym tle kulturowym epoki, co powiększa krąg odbiorców o czytelników niejęzykoznawców, a tym samym propaguje wiedzę o języku jako integralnym składniku przestrzeni społecznej określonej epoki. Salon był miejscem, gdzie kształtowano i stosowano wyższe formy zachowania, także językowego. Służyło to poczuciu elitarności, podkreślało dystans dzielący grupę osób bywałych na salonach od reszty społeczeństwa. Wyszukane formy grzeczności były ważnym sposobem tego wyróżnienia. Niemniej istotną rolę pełniło słownictwo. Jak wiadomo, jest to warstwa języka, która najlepiej odzwierciedla strukturę społeczną jego użytkowników. Zatem swoista leksyka charakterystyczna dla komunikacji salonowej, będzie także przedmiotem opisu.
Karanlık Üçlü’nün İnsan Cinselliği Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: MUEZZİN Ece Emre , OKRAY Zihniye
Published: June 2021

Psikolojide karanlık üçlü, narsisizm, Makyavelizm ve psikopatinin kişilik özelliklerini içerir. Bu kişilik özellikleri kötü nitelikleri nedeniyle "karanlık" olarak adlandırılırlar. Psikopatik, narsistik, Makyavelci ve sadist özellikler kişilik özelliklerinin Karanlık dörtlüyü oluşturur. Sağlık Örgütü (2002) cinselliği cinsiyet, cinsiyet kimlikleri/rolleri, cinsel haz, yakın ilişkiler kurma ve üreme gibi konuları kapsayan açıklamalar yaparken bunun yanı sıra bu kavramlara etki eden bazı unsurlara da yer vermektedir. Bu unsurlar çevresel, sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik, dini, tarihi ve yasal faktörleri içerdiği gibi biyolojik ve psikolojik faktörleri de içermektedir. Sistematik derleme yöntemiyle yapılmış bu çalışma karanlık üçlü ve karanlık dörtlünün cinsellik ve cinsellikle ilişkili konularda yapılan çalışmaları bir araya getirerek karanlık üçlünün ve karanlık dörtlünün cinsellikle ilgili ne gibi etki alanları olduğunu belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak karanlık üçlü ve karanlık dörtlünün daha önce de birçok çalışmada ortaya konulduğu gibi insanların mesleki, sosyal, eğitim hatta romantik ilişkilere, cinsel davranışlarına yansıdığı, tecavüz mitleri, kısa süreli ilişkiler, eş seçimi ve romantik ilişkilerde faydacılıkla ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.
Mentoring Practices of Principals for Teachers’ Retention in Public Secondary Schools in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Anachuna Obinna Nonso , Obi Emenike
Published: June 2021

The seeming teacher turnover in secondary schools in Nigeria necessitated this study on mentoring practices of principals for teachers’ retention in public secondary schools in Anambra State. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. One research question guided the study. The population of the study comprised 256 principals and the entire population was used for the study. Researchers’ developed questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts, two in Educational measurement and evaluation, Department of Educational Foundation and the other in Educational planning and management, Educational Management and Policy, all in the Faculty of Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The Cronbach’s alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the items which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.75. The researchers with the help of ten research assistants distributed and successfully collected 256 copies of the questionnaire administered. The research question was answered using the arithmetic mean. It was found among others that principals in public secondary schools in Anambra state use formal and informal mentoring to a very low extent for teachers’ retention. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that government should provide adequate resources necessary for effective mentoring programme in secondary schools in Anambra State.
Corporate Governance, Financial Characteristics, Macroeconomic Factors and Financial Performance of Agricultural Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
Authors: Aluoch Moses Odhiambo
Published: June 2021

This study sought to examine the relationships between corporate governance, financial characteristics, macroeconomic factors and financial performance of agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of corporate governance on financial performance; to determine the intervening effect of financial characteristics on corporate governance and financial performance; to establish the moderating effect of macroeconomic factors on corporate governance and financial performance of listed agricultural firms; and to establish the joint effect of corporate governance, financial characteristics, macroeconomic factors and financial performance of listed agricultural firms in Kenya. This study is anchored on agency theory, transaction cost theory; political theory and cash conversion cycle theory. The study used census approach and a target population of seven agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange between 2002 and 2016 was incorporated. The study used panel data. Corporate governance, financial characteristics and financial performance data was extracted from annual reports of the individuals firms while macroeconomic factors data was extracted from Central Bank of Kenya and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics economic reports. The study employed longitudinal descriptive research design. Descriptive and panel data regression analysis were conducted. Corporate governance had significant effect on financial performance of listed agricultural firms in Kenya; the intervening effect of financial characteristics on the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance was not determined; the moderating effect of macroeconomic factors on the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance was confirmed; and the joint relationship between corporate governance, financial characteristics and macroeconomic factors on financial performance was established. The study recommended a review of corporate governance principles and directors to comply with corporate governance structure and practices to enhance financial performance of firms.
Productividad D E Lechuga (Lactuca Sativ A L .) En Acuaponía E Hidroponía
Authors: Ana Laura Bautista Olivas , David Rene Fernandez , Clara Rosalia Alvarez Chavez , Angel Carlos Mexia Sanchez , Cariño Mayra Mendoza , Karla Garcia Cabello
Published: June 2021

El cambio de uso del suelo con fines agrícolas bajo esquemas de manejo agrícola y uso del agua poco eficientes, originan suelos infértiles. Para el cultivo de hortalizas se estudian técnicas que produzcan altos rendimientos con los menores costos económicos y ambientales. Los objetivos del estudio fueron estimar y comparar el rendimiento de la lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) en los sistemas productivos acuapónico (SA) e hidropónico (SH). La metodología comprendió dos etapas: el establecimiento de los sistemas productivos tipo Nutrition Film Technique (NFT) y el monitoreo del desarrollo del cultivo en ambos sistemas. Las bases de datos y el tratamiento estadístico se realizaron en el programa Excel de Windows Versión 10. La prueba t de student con un nivel de significancia de 0.05 indicó el peso promedio de las lechugas: 0.056 kg (± 0.005 kg) en el SA, y 0.097 kg (± 0.007 kg) en el SH. El SH generó mayor rendimiento (1.847 kg/m2) que el SA (1.080 kg/m2); lo que se atribuyó a que el SH contó con los nutrientes necesarios desde el inicio del cultivo, por la aplicación de fertilizante. La temperatura alta influyó en el comportamiento de los peces del SA, ya que provocaron menor consumo alimenticio y de aporte de desechos orgánicos al agua que, promovieron una baja cantidad de nutrientes y afectaron la producción y el rendimiento del cultivo. Se recomiendan la generación de conocimiento para complementar los resultados obtenidos, como el gasto hídrico y su comparación con los sistemas de cultivo de lechuga tradicionales.

Land use change for agriculture under poor farm management and inefficient water use, produces infertile soils. For green vegetable farming, there are some techniques for the achievement of high crop yields with the lowest economic and environmental costs. The study objectives were to estimate and compare lettuce yields (Lactuca sativa L.) in aquaponic (SA) and hydroponic (SH) production systems. Methodology encompassed two stages: the establishing of a Nutrition Film Technique (NFT) productive system and the monitoring of the crop growing in both systems. Database integration and statistical analyses were performed using Windows Excel version 10. Average lettuce weight using t-test (significance level of 0.05) were 0.056 kg (± 0.005 kg) in SA, y 0.097 kg (± 0.007 kg) in SH. SH reached higher yields (1.847 kg/m2) than SA (1.080 kg/m2); likely due to the fact that SH had all needed nutrients since the beginning of the crop, by applying fertilizer. High temperature influenced fish behavior in SA, observing lower food consumption and organic waste supply to the water, releasing low nutrient load that affected crop production and yield. More studies are recommended in order to deepen the outcomes, such as those including water flow and the comparison with conventional lettuce crop systems.