bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School choice decision of middle-class parents in urban India: a sociological introspection
Authors: Ullah Athar , Mukherjee Anirban
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study to add to the body of knowledge by examining and discussing school choice trends through the perspective of rational choice theory. This qualitative research explores rationale behind the choice of government schools by middle-class parents in contemporary India. This research will also shed light on the features of the schools that parents consider while making school selection process. Finally, research focuses upon the process and context of decision-making and dynamics involved therein. In other words, the attempt is being made to understand what is the yardstick used by parents to differentiate “good” and “bad” school.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative research was conducted in two government (central and state) schools in Lucknow, India. The findings of the study are based on 22 qualitative interviews conducted with parents of school-going children, and principal or headmaster of the school. The interviews were unstructured and open-ended and were supported by observations. The observation was not only made of the social setting but also the reaction of the participants. The idea was to develop an emic view of the subject by exploring valid narratives. Pseudonyms were used to report the finding so as to maintain the confidentiality of the research subjects.

Findings

This research found that the majority of the parents chose school according to their social class, that is, the lower middle-class parents sent their wards to state government primary school, while the middle-class parents preferred to send their wards to central government school (Kendriya Vidyalaya). This study, therefore, lends credence to the contention that the middle class is a variegated social category and the dynamics of school choice vary across its subcategories. This lends credence to the contention that school choice decision is not solely a utilitarian choice and may be guided by emotion as well.

Originality/value

The originality of the research lies in the fact that the authors are extending the arguments made by the rational choice theory. The theory proposes that individual makes rational decisions motivated by self-interest and people look for the finest product or service and in pursuing them attempt to maximize their overall utility. Derivatively, Indian parents rationally make school choice decisions for their wards, gathering information and weighing various options and subsequently choose the “best” school for their children. This study moves beyond the prevailing perception that public schools offer low-quality education, and nobody attends such schools out of choice.
Mindfulness in leadership research: a performance and temporal analysis of research in the domain
Authors: Kaul Natashaa , Deshpande Amruta , Raut Rajesh , Mittal Amit , Raheja Deepali , Narula Sumit
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to conduct a thorough evaluation to offer a modern overview of mindfulness’s performance and conceptual framework in leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reviews the literature on mindfulness in leadership using bibliometric analysis and systematic review techniques. This study delves into the most significant writings, leading journals, authors, organizations and nations contributing to the field and the selected methodologies and research contexts for mindfulness in leadership.

Findings

This study unveils three areas of mindfulness in leadership: leadership mindfulness interventions and practices, essential outcomes of mindfulness practice and emergent styles and mindfulness.

Originality/value

This study significantly expands the Baer et al. (2006) review of mindfulness to offer new views over their manual qualitative analysis based on a smaller collection of literature while adding the leadership perspective. Using bibliometric analysis, this study especially carries out performance analysis and scientific mapping of the collection of research publications on mindfulness in leadership. Additionally, more current studies are included to update the field.
Mechanism of double diffusive convection due to magnetized Williamson nanofluid flow in tapered asymmetric channel under the influence of peristaltic propulsion and radiative heat transfer
Authors: Akram Safia , Athar Maria , Saeed Khalid , Umair Mir Yasir , Muhammad Taseer
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study, thermal radiation and viscous dissipation impacts on double diffusive convection on peristaltic transport of Williamson nanofluid due to induced magnetic field in a tapered channel is examined. The study of propulsion system is on the rise in aerospace research. In spacecraft technology, the propulsion system uses high-temperature heat transmission governed through thermal radiation process. This study will help in assessment of chyme movement in the gastrointestinal tract and also in regulating the intensity of magnetic field of the blood flow during surgery.

Design/methodology/approach

The brief mathematical modelling, along with induced magnetic field, of Williamson nanofluid is given. The governing equations are reduced to dimensionless form by using appropriate transformations. Numerical technique is manipulated to solve the highly nonlinear differential equations. The roll of different variables is graphically analyzed in terms of concentration, temperature, volume fraction of nanoparticles, axial-induced magnetic field, magnetic force function, stream functions, pressure rise and pressure gradient.

Findings

The key finding from the analysis above can be summed up as follows: the temperature profile decreases and concentration profile increases due to the rising impact of thermal radiation. Brownian motion parameter has a reducing influence on nanoparticle concentration due to massive transfer of nanoparticles from a hot zone to a cool region, which causes a decrease in concentration profile· The pressure rise enhances due to rising values of thermophoresis and thermal Grashof number in retrograde pumping, free pumping and copumping region.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a study that integrates double-diffusion convection with thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and induced magnetic field on peristaltic flow of Williamson nanofluid with a channel that is asymmetric has not been carried out so far.
Sarcasm detection in online comments using machine learning
Authors: Šandor Daniel , Bagić Babac Marina
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Sarcasm is a linguistic expression that usually carries the opposite meaning of what is being said by words, thus making it difficult for machines to discover the actual meaning. It is mainly distinguished by the inflection with which it is spoken, with an undercurrent of irony, and is largely dependent on context, which makes it a difficult task for computational analysis. Moreover, sarcasm expresses negative sentiments using positive words, allowing it to easily confuse sentiment analysis models. This paper aims to demonstrate the task of sarcasm detection using the approach of machine and deep learning.

Design/methodology/approach

For the purpose of sarcasm detection, machine and deep learning models were used on a data set consisting of 1.3 million social media comments, including both sarcastic and non-sarcastic comments. The data set was pre-processed using natural language processing methods, and additional features were extracted and analysed. Several machine learning models, including logistic regression, ridge regression, linear support vector and support vector machines, along with two deep learning models based on bidirectional long short-term memory and one bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT)-based model, were implemented, evaluated and compared.

Findings

The performance of machine and deep learning models was compared in the task of sarcasm detection, and possible ways of improvement were discussed. Deep learning models showed more promise, performance-wise, for this type of task. Specifically, a state-of-the-art model in natural language processing, namely, BERT-based model, outperformed other machine and deep learning models.

Originality/value

This study compared the performance of the various machine and deep learning models in the task of sarcasm detection using the data set of 1.3 million comments from social media.
Ageing in displacement and gaps in support: support for older people in protracted displacement in New-Kuchingoro IDP camp, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ekoh Prince Chiagozie , O. Okoye Uzoma , Agbawodikeizu Patricia Uju , George Elizabeth Onyedikachi , Ejimkaraonye Chukwuemeka
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aimed at exploring support for older people in protracted displacement in Nigeria, emphasising the available support and the gap in the support provided to them.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative interviews were used to collect data from ten displaced older people in New-Kuchingoro internally displaced persons (IDP) camp Abuja, Nigeria. The collected data were analysed thematically with NVivo 12.

Findings

Results show that older people received material, emotional and psychological supports from their families, neighbours, friends, religious organisations and non-governmental organisations. Several gaps were identified in the support provided to displaced older people. For example, their special nutritional or medical needs were neglected, and their support was primarily material, sporadic and spontaneous, as there is no existing framework guiding the care and support of older people in displacement.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides a foundation for further research on older people in displacement, an area that has received minimal scholarly attention.

Practical implications

The paper recommends that researchers and displaced persons’ care providers should pay more attention to the peculiar support needs of this less visible vulnerable group and adopt the internal displacement policy for the long-term protection of older people in displacement.

Originality/value

Older people in displacement remain less visible as humanitarian aid programmes and research focus more on women and children. This lack of attention may put older people in displacement at more risk as their peculiar needs may not be met. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the gap in support for older people in displacement in Nigeria.
Peer support in Brazil: experiences and strategies of inclusion, empowerment and citizenship
Authors: Corradi-Webster Clarissa Mendonça , Reis Graziela , Brisola Elizabeth B.V. , Araujo Cristiana Nelise de Paula , Ricci Éllen Cristina , Rufato Lívia Sicaroni , Sampaio Cristina Andrade , Andrade Mário César Rezende , Orsi José Alberto , Oliveira Rosa Alba Sarno , Cidade Ana Lúcia , Campos Políbio , Costa Mark N.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe six recovery-oriented peer support experiences and strategies implemented in different regions of Brazil in the past 12 years, and explore challenges to their development and potential for empowerment and citizenship.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, a group of stakeholders in mental health services involving people with lived experience of severe mental illness describe their experiences with services of peer support. These were all conducted in Brazil and in partnership with the International Recovery and Citizenship Collective (IRCC) and The Yale Program for Recovery and Community Health. The authors met monthly to exchange experiences, studies and practices, and six experiences were selected, described, analyzed and compared. A discussion of these experiences, their challenges, impact and potential followed.

Findings

The explored experiences emphasize that peer support, lived experience leadership and advocacy are feasible in the Brazilian mental health system and can help advance the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is limited to the experience of researchers already engaged in peer support work in six cities in Brazil. Although they represent several different regions in Brazil, there are areas it has not reached. Further research should address and provide a broader view of peer support and recovery strategies spreading in the country.

Social implications

These experiences demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of the recovering citizenship approach to reduce stigma, promote empowerment, autonomy, activism and advocacy, and increase a sense of belonging for those in recovery and marginalized by society. The Brazilian psychiatric reform can benefit from including peer supporters as mental health treatment providers.

Originality/value

This paper provides a novel view of the state of the art of peer support initiatives in Brazil and can inspire individuals, government and communities as they see and understand the breadth, depth and meanings of these peer support experiences.
Revolutionizing library access: exploring the potential of virtual positioning systems
Authors: A. Subaveerapandiyan , N. Sakthivel , Amees Mohammad , Yadav Upasana
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the potential of virtual positioning systems (VPSs) in revolutionising library access. It examines the benefits and challenges associated with implementing VPSs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study takes a comprehensive approach by analysing library users’ current challenges in accessing physical resources and services within traditional library settings. It analyses the benefits of VPSs in enhancing library access, considering factors such as improved navigation, accessibility for personalised recommendations, virtual tours and interactive experiences. The study also examines the implications of implementing VPSs regarding library resource management, staff training and infrastructure requirements.

Findings

The findings reveal that VPS has the potential to address various challenges faced by library users, such as limited availability of resources, inconvenient locations and inadequate access for individuals with special needs. VPS offers improved navigation, enhanced accessibility, personalised recommendations, virtual tours and interactive experiences. Implementing VPSs requires robust technological infrastructure, user adoption, privacy considerations and system maintenance. Libraries must invest in hardware, network infrastructure, staff training and data protection measures.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding the transformation of libraries and the assimilation of emergent technologies. It highlights the potential of VPSs in revolutionising library access. By embracing the latent potential of VPSs, libraries can transcend physical boundaries, enhance user experiences and ensure seamless access to a wealth of resources in a digitised world.
Spatiotemporal variability in precipitation‐growth association of Betula nana in the Siberian lowland tundra
Authors: Magnússon Rúna Í. , Sass‐Klaassen Ute , Limpens Juul , Karsanaev Sergey V. , Ras Susan , van Huissteden Ko , Blok Daan , Heijmans Monique M. P. D.
Published: July 2023

Shrubs are expanding across a warming Arctic, evident from range expansion and increases in biomass, stature and cover. This influences numerous aspects of Arctic ecosystems. While shrub growth is generally positively associated with summer temperature, tundra ecosystems are characterised by abiotic gradients on small spatial scales (metres), and the Arctic climate and its year‐to‐year variability are changing rapidly. Hence, it is often unclear to what extent climate‐growth associations are scalable to future climate scenarios and across environmental gradients within ecosystems. Here, we investigate the stability of climate–growth associations of Arctic dwarf shrubs across small‐scale (metre to kilometre) topographic gradients and decadal timescales.

We constructed ring width series (1974–2018) for a common Arctic dwarf shrub (Betula nana) for three representative types of subsites in the Siberian lowland tundra: higher elevation, lower elevation and thermokarst‐affected (thaw ponds) terrain. We quantified decadal variability in climate–growth associations across subsites using partial least squares regression and a moving window approach.

We found consistently positive association of shrub radial growth with summer temperature, but substantial spatial and temporal variability in precipitation response. Association of shrub growth with summer rainfall increased in recent decades. Shrubs on elevated sites showed particularly strong response to rainfall following drier periods, and a negative association with recent snowfall extremes. Shrubs sampled from thaw ponds showed strong positive association with rainfall, followed by high shrub mortality after an extremely wet summer. This likely resulted from waterlogging due to thermokarst.

Synthesis. Our findings imply that the response of shrub growth to changes in Arctic precipitation regimes is regulated by (i) macro‐ (kilometre‐scale) and micro‐topographical (metre‐scale) gradients, (ii) colimitation between temperature and moisture and (iii) potentially nonlinear responses to precipitation extremes. This suggests that the scalability of precipitation‐growth relationships for Arctic shrubs across dynamic tundra landscapes and future climate scenarios is limited. We recommend that future climate–growth studies on Arctic tundra shrubs simulate future precipitation changes across spatial gradients and include detailed microsite and shrub physiological monitoring.
Effects of remittances on food security in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Seydou Lankoande Lamoussa
Published: July 2023

The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of remittances on food security in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), while assessing the role of governance. The analyses covered a panel of 26 SSA countries over the period from 2002 to 2017. Based on the double least squares method, two main results were obtained. On the one hand, remittances have a positive effect on overall food security and on each of its dimensions in SSA. On the other hand, this positive effect of remittances on food security and its dimensions is increasingly important when the quality of governance improves.
Labeling effects of initial juvenile justice system processing decision on youth interpersonal ties*
Authors: Rowan Zachary R. , Fine Adam , Steinberg Laurence , Frick Paul J. , Cauffman Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

The juvenile justice system can process youth in myriad ways. Youth who are formally processed, relative to being informally processed, may experience more public and harsh sanctions that label youth more negatively as “deviant.” Drawing on labeling theory, the current study evaluates the relative effect of formal justice system processing on the interpersonal dynamics of youth peer networks. Using data from the Crossroads Study, a multisite longitudinal sample of first‐time adolescent offenders, the current study applies augmented inverse probability weighting and generalized mixed‐effects models to estimate the effects of formal processing on friendship selection processes of homophily and withdrawal and considers whether these effects vary by race and ethnicity. Consistent with expectations of homophily, formally processed youth acquire more new deviant peers and fewer nondeviant peers during the 3 years after their initial processing decision compared with informally processed youth. The findings suggest no differences exist across processing types in withdrawal from friends. These effects were consistent across racial and ethnic groups. Ultimately, this study explores the dynamic interpersonal mechanisms associated with labeling theory and offers additional insight into the negative effects of formal processing.
Poland: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: JASIEWICZ KRZYSZTOF , JASIEWICZ‐BETKIEWICZ AGNIESZKA
Published: July 2023

The Russian invasion of Ukraine caused a flow of refugees to Poland on a scale unprecedented in Europe since Second World War. Polish civil society, soon joined by government institutions, responded by offering the refugees, who counted in millions, shelter, material and social welfare assistance and legal accommodation. The war next door turned Poland into an EU and NATO frontline country, which led to more intense contacts between the Polish government and its Western partners, including the United States. This, however, did not help the government, which had marginalized itself within the EU by its own past actions, to resolve its disputes with the European Commission and the Court of Justice. Similarly, the uniform condemnation of the Russian aggression by all major political parties did not bridge the gap between the governing Law and Justice party and the opposition or even reduce the intensity of political conflicts.
A method for noninvasive beat‐by‐beat visualization of His bundle signals
Authors: Sengottuvel S. , Shenbaga Devi S. , Sasikala M. , Satheesh S. , Selvaraj R. J.
Published: July 2023

Background

Invasive recording of His bundle signals (HBS) in electrophysiological study (EPS) is important in determining HV interval, the time taken to activate the ventricles from the His bundle. Noninvasive surface measurements of HBS are attempted by averaging typically 100–200 cardiac cycles of ECG time series in body surface potential mapping (BSPM) and in magnetocardiography (MCG) which records weak cardiac magnetic fields by highly sensitive detectors. However, noninvasive beat‐by‐beat extraction of HBS is challenged by ramp‐like atrial signals and noise in PR segment of the cardiac cycle.

Methods

By making use of a signal‐averaged trace showing prominent HBS as a guide trace, we developed a method combining interval‐dependent wavelet thresholding (IDWT) and signal space projection (SSP) technique to eliminate artifacts from single beats. The method was applied on MCG recorded on 21 subjects with known HV intervals based on EPS and noninvasive signal‐averaging, including five subjects with BSPM recorded subsequently. The method was also applied on stress‐MCG of a subject featuring autonomic dynamics.

Results

HBS could be extracted from 19 out of 21 subjects by signal‐averaging whose timing differed from EPS between −8 and 11 ms as tested by 2 observers. HBS in single beats were seen as aligned patterns in inter‐beat contours and were appreciable in stress‐MCG and conspicuous than BSPM. The performance of the method was evaluated on simulated and measured MCG to be adequate if the signal‐to‐noise ratio was at least 20 dB.

Conclusions

These results suggest the use of this method for noninvasive assessments on HBS.
Citizenship pressure and knowledge hiding: The mediating role of citizenship fatigue and the moderating role of supervisor–subordinate guanxi
Authors: He Peixu , Zheng Wenzhi , Zhao Hongdan , Jiang Cuiling , Wu Tung‐Ju
Published: July 2023

Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, we examine the relationship between citizenship pressure and knowledge hiding, exploring the underlying mechanism between the two through citizenship fatigue and supervisor–subordinate guanxi. Two three‐wave sets of data were collected and analyzed with PROCESS. Study 1 revealed that employees' perceived pressure to engage in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) can lead them to experience citizenship fatigue and to seek to conserve resources through deceptively hiding knowledge (i.e., evasive hiding and playing dumb). However, rationalized hiding will not be adopted by employees as a strategy to reserve resources under citizenship pressure. Supervisor–subordinate guanxi also serves as a reverse moderator, in that high guanxi mitigates the direct impact of citizenship pressure on citizenship fatigue and the indirect impact of citizenship pressure on evasive hiding and playing dumb through citizenship fatigue. Study 2 replicated and extended the findings of Study 1 by considering the negative affect as a potential mediator and the leader–member exchange (LMX) as a potential moderator. The findings show that citizenship pressure has a positive effect on evasive hiding and playing dumb through the mediating role of citizenship fatigue; and supervisor–subordinate guanxi negatively moderates the positive effect of citizenship pressure on citizenship fatigue and the mediating effect of citizenship fatigue, whereas LMX has no significant moderating effect on these linkages. This research advances our understanding of the “dark side” of OCB and enriches knowledge hiding studies by introducing a new predictor about extra‐role work stressors.
Editorial: Feeling better about NASH—Authors' reply
Authors: Romero‐Gómez Manuel , Armstrong Matthew J. , Funuyet‐Salas Jesús , Mangla Kamal Kant , Ladelund Steen , Sejling Anne‐Sophie , Shrestha Ichhya , Sanyal Arun J.
Published: July 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Romero Gomez et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17598 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17621
Preferences of pregnant individuals to undergo labor after one cesarean in southern China
Authors: Rao Jiaming , Fan Dazhi , Lu Demei , Liu Yan , Guo Xiaoling , Liu Zhengping
Published: July 2023

Background

Labor after cesarean (LAC) remains an optional delivery method among healthy pregnant individuals. Exploring women's attitudes, preferences, reasons for previous cesarean delivery, and the incentives underlying pregnant individuals' preferences could help us understand their choice of delivery mode. In this study we evaluated the preferences and attitudes of eligible pregnant women regarding participation in a LAC in Foshan, China.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 438 pregnant individuals with one prior cesarean delivery (CD) who attended their antenatal examination at a tertiary hospital in southern China, between November 1, 2018, and October 31, 2019. Information on demographic characteristics, obstetric data, preferences for LAC, and incentives for LAC were analyzed.

Results

Overall, 85.4% (374/438) of women preferred LAC if they did not have contraindications before delivery, whereas 12.3% (54/438) refused and 2.3% (10/438) were unsure. Participants reported that the most important factors affecting their willingness to undergo LAC were safety indicators (i.e., “ability of hospitals to perform emergency cesarean delivery” [score of 9.28 ± 1.86]), followed by accessibility indicators (i.e., “priority bed arrangements” [score of 9.17 ± 1.84]). Logistic regression analysis indicated that neonatal wellbeing with the prior CD was an independent influencing factor (OR = 2.235 [95%CI: 1.115–4.845], p = 0.024) affecting willingness to access LAC in the subsequent pregnancy.

Conclusions

We found a high preference for LAC among pregnant individuals without contraindications before delivery in southern China. Healthcare providers need to ensure access to LAC and increase pregnant individuals' LAC willingness through high‐quality shared decsision‐making in alignment with patient preferences.
Math attitudes and math anxiety predict students' perception of teacher support in primary school, but not vice versa
Authors: Luo Ruifan , Zhang Aoxue , Wang Yangyang , Li Hongxia , Xu Yanli , Guo Kaiyue , Si Jiwei
Published: July 2023

Background

Both teacher support and math attitudes have been identified as associated with math anxiety in primary school children. However, little is known about how they are interrelated longitudinally.

Aims

The study was designed to examine the associations among perceived teacher support, math attitudes, and math anxiety in Chinese primary school students.

Sample

The sample included 1802 students (56.16% boys) initially in the third and fourth grades in two public schools in China.

Methods

A three‐year cross‐lagged panel design was conducted to examine the associations among perceived teacher support, math attitudes, and math anxiety. Moreover, a multigroup analysis was used to examine whether the associations varied by gender.

Results

There were reciprocal associations over time between math attitudes and math anxiety. Meanwhile, both math attitudes and math anxiety significantly predicted perceived teacher support one year later, but not vice versa. Further, the association between T1 math anxiety and T3 perceived teacher support was mediated by T2 math attitudes; the association between T1 math attitudes and T3 perceived teacher support, on the other hand, was mediated by T2 math anxiety. Moreover, there were no significant gender differences in these associations.

Conclusions

Math anxiety and math attitudes objectively affected each other, and both of them significantly predicted later perceived teacher support, but not vice versa. This study demonstrates that children are not merely passive recipients of environmental influences and offers theoretical guidance for intervention practices that aim to reduce the risk of math anxiety.
Dental caries in the Myanmar population: Findings from the first national oral health survey in 2016–2017
Authors: Thwin Kaung Myat , Ogawa Hiroshi , Phantumvanit Prathip , Miyazaki Hideo , Songpaisan Yupin , Maung Khin
Published: July 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the dental caries status of indicator age groups as mentioned in the WHO pathfinder methodology, compare caries experiences among those age groups according to gender and geographical location, and assess the association between dental caries and related risk factors in primary and permanent dentition.

Methods

A sample of 5928 participants aged 6, 12, 15–18, 35–44 and 60–74 years were recruited from 21 selected townships in the first Myanmar national oral health survey. Clinical oral examinations and questionnaire‐based surveys were conducted from December 2016 to January 2017.

Results

The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth was 85.3% with a mean dmft of 5.7 at age 6 years. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth and mean DMFT were 36.5% and 0.8 at 12 years, 43.8% and 1.1 at 15–18 years, 64.7% and 3.0 at 35–44 years, and 93.6% and 11.5 at 60–74 years. Missing teeth were higher in 60–74‐year‐olds, with 27 participants being fully edentulous. There were significant differences in caries experiences between males and females aged 15–18, 35–44 and 60–74 years. In the adjusted logistic regression, consumption of sweets or candies three times or more a day showed significantly higher risks of dental caries in primary teeth. Age, gender, consumption of sweets or candies and consumption of sweet drinks were associated factors for dental caries in permanent teeth.

Conclusion

The findings from the first national oral health survey indicate that caries in primary teeth is an important oral health problem for Myanmar children. Tooth loss was also found to be a concern in the aging population. National oral health policies and strategies need to be developed to promote awareness and understanding of oral health, in particular the role of risk factors such as sugary foods and drinks in tooth decay in children and adults.
‘You learn to smile with your eyes’, exploring the impact of enhanced personal protective equipment on primary care dental practitioners in the UK: An interpretative phenomenological study
Authors: Legge Alexander R. , Nasser Mona , Latour Jos M.
Published: July 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to explore how dental practitioners in primary care settings perceive the impact of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) upon patient communication and wider clinical practice.

Methods

This study utilized a qualitative approach, rooted in critical realism. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodology was adopted as the study method. In accordance with IPA, in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Eight dental practitioners were recruited, with data analysis conducted according to the principles of IPA.

Results

Three themes were synthesized (related to communication and clinical practice): (1) Impaired communication and relationship building; (2) Physical impacts and required adjustments when wearing enhanced‐PPE; and (3) Psychological stress of implementing enhanced‐PPE. Theme one reflects changes to the dynamic of communication between patients and colleagues brought about by enhanced‐PPE. Theme two describes the physical and psychological strains of providing care in enhanced‐PPE and the ways through which practitioners tried to overcome these challenges. Theme three explores how the roll‐out and guidance related to the use of enhanced‐PPE affected clinical practice.

Conclusions

Dental Practitioners described several barriers to communication as well as physical and mental stressors caused by enhanced‐PPE, all of which were perceived to impact upon the quality of care provided to patients. Further research is required to develop effective interventions to mitigate the impact of enhanced‐PPE upon clinical practice and to explore the long‐term impact of enhanced‐PPE on clinical practice, post‐COVID.
Adjacent tooth migration after maxillary first molar loss in patients with sinus augmentation: A retrospective research
Authors: Zhao Feiya , Shi Lei , Huang Yilun , Wang Yu , Yu Mengfei , Wang Huiming
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The objectives of this study are to: (1) investigate the extent of antagonistic and distal neighboring tooth migration in the maxillary posterior single tooth‐missing site during the healing period of bone augmentation and implant surgery; (2) identify factors associated with tooth migration.

Materials and methods

One hundred and forty‐three cases that lost the maxillary first molar were included, and their CBCT data during the edentulous period were obtained. Dentition models were reconstructed from CBCT, and superimpositions were performed, followed by measuring migration distances and calculating migration rates of antagonistic and distal neighboring teeth. Factors were analyzed using multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE).

Results

The mean migration distances were 208 ± 137 μm and 403 ± 605 μm for antagonistic teeth and distal teeth, and the mean migration rates were 26.8 ± 21.2 μm/month and 48.5 ± 76.7 μm/month, respectively. One hundred and nineteen out of 143 distal neighboring teeth migrated toward the edentulous site, and all antagonistic teeth migrated occlusally. Occlusal contact loss and chronic apical periodontitis both significantly accelerated antagonistic tooth migration (p < 0.05), the latter also accelerated distal tooth migration (p < 0.05). Besides, the displacement of the distal teeth was somewhat accelerated by the impacted adjacent third molar and root protrusion into the sinus.

Conclusions

The neighboring teeth tend to migrate toward the edentulous gap in the maxillary posterior region. Occlusal contact loss and chronic apical periodontitis are two significant risk factors for accelerating antagonistic tooth migration, and for distal teeth, chronic apical periodontitis is the risk factor. The impacted adjacent third molar and root protrusion into the sinus are also potential risk factors for accelerating the migration of the maxillary distal tooth. Thus, to prevent maxillary edentulous gap reduction, the factors mentioned above should be taken into consideration when planning treatment flow.
Lions Attacking a Dromedary: The Verreaux brothers, imperial taxidermy, and postmortem bodily rights
Authors: Niittynen Miranda A. M.
Published: July 2023

Lions Attacking a Dromedary created at Maison Verreaux brings up a larger discussion about representations of racialized bodies (real and synthetic) in the history of museum display. Looking to the history of racialized bodies on display, I outline how taxidermied animals and racialized mannequins oscillate to reinforce continual colonial projects of the present. I show my reader how the construction of a ‘specimen’ is used in the dehumanizing processes that shapes who and what is human: a recognizable being that is (borrowing from Judith Butler) grievable upon death. Since the discovery of real human remains inside the racialized mannequin, the group is now redisplayed at the Carnegie Museum alongside educational insights that seek to ethically interrupt the colonial violence that the display narrates. In order to push this discussion further, I seek direction from decolonial artists and scholars on the best approaches to take in response to postmortem human rights abuses (past and present) and to show the ways that art can be both a destructive and reparative exchange.
Sustainability of seizure reduction and seizure control with adjunctive cenobamate: Post hoc analysis of a phase 3, open‐label study
Authors: Vossler David G. , Rosenfeld William E. , Stern Sean , Wade Clarence T. , Ferrari Louis , Kerr Wesley T. , Wechsler Robert
Published: July 2023

Objective

In this post hoc analysis of a subset of patients from a long‐term, open‐label phase 3 study, we assessed ≥50%, ≥75%, ≥90%, and 100% seizure reduction and sustainability of these responses with cenobamate using a time‐to‐event analytical approach.

Methods

Of 240 patients with uncontrolled focal seizures who had adequate seizure data available, 214 completed the 12‐week titration phase and received ≥1 dose of cenobamate in the maintenance phase (max dose 400 mg/day) and were included in this post hoc analysis. Among patients who met an initial given seizure‐reduction level (≥50%, ≥75%, ≥90%, or 100%), sustainability of that response was measured using a time‐to‐event methodology. An event was defined as the occurrence of a study visit at which the seizure frequency during the interval since the prior study visit exceeded the initially attained reduction level. Study visits during the maintenance phase occurred at 3‐month intervals.

Results

Of the 214 patients analyzed, 188 (88%), 177 (83%), 160 (75%), and 145 (68%) met ≥50%, ≥75%, ≥90%, and 100% seizure‐reduction responses, respectively, for at least one study visit interval during the maintenance phase. The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) time to first visit without a ≥50% seizure reduction was not reached by 30 months of follow‐up (53% of patients maintained their initial ≥50% seizure reduction). Median (95% CI) time to first visit without sustaining the initial ≥75%, ≥90%, or 100% seizure reduction was 13.0 (7.5–21.9) months, 7.5 (5.4–11.6) months, and 7.0 (5.3–10.4) months, respectively. Among the 145 patients who had 100% seizure reduction during at least one study visit, 22% remained seizure‐free for at least 30 months and 63% had ≤3 study visits with seizures.

Significance

Adjunctive treatment with cenobamate led to sustained seizure reductions during the maintenance phase of the phase 3 safety study.
Sibling cannibalism in the false widow spider is dependent on spiderling density and the reliable availability of fresh prey
Authors: Harvey Jeffrey A. , Steegh Robin , Dong Yuting , Gols Rieta
Published: July 2023

Adult female spiders lay batches of eggs in silken egg sacs, and after hatching, the spiderlings live for transient periods in their mother's web before dispersing. Sibling cannibalism is frequently observed among spiderlings of many species under conditions of food deprivation. Here, we conducted assays in small Petri dishes with different densities of newly hatched (second instar) spiderlings of the false widow spider, Steatoda grossa, using a split‐clutch design. Prey (freshly killed fruit flies) availability was manipulated both numerically and temporally. Offspring from 10 different females were separated as siblings into densities of two, four, or eight spiderlings per Petri dish and these were provided with either 0 flies (starvation control), two flies, four flies, or eight flies that were replenished weekly or every 3 weeks. A further control was conducted with solitary spiderlings in Petri dishes deprived of flies. The number of surviving spiderlings per Petri dish was counted every 3 days until only one remained (or until death of the solitary spiderling). Our results show that the rate of cannibalism was lower with increasing spiderling density and when fresh flies were replenished more frequently, whereas the number of flies that were provided did not affect cannibalism. In S. grossa, juvenile cannibalism occurs primarily under conditions of extreme food limitation, although in synanthropic habitats where the spider is abundant, it may be an adaptive strategy owing to the potential scarcity of prey. Under certain conditions, cannibalism in spiderlings is adaptive by eliminating competitors and providing nutrient‐rich food.
Forgetting curve models: A systematic review aimed at consolidating the main models and outlining possibilities for future research in production
Authors: Ferreira José Ângelo , Valmorbida Edson Luiz , Sato Bruno Goulart , Fuentes Bruno Pontes , Botti Renan
Published: July 2023

This research surveys current knowledge about forgetting curves and their application in production, aiming to identify the main characteristics and tendencies and research gaps on this topic. Faced with the need to improve tools that allow production planners to predict programmed batches with greater precision, it was found that there are still gaps to be filled that allow the application of learning and forgetting techniques in the production process. To compose the scope of this research, a systematization of the existing literature was carried out, using the keywords ‘forgetting curves’, ‘total forgetting’, ‘learning and forgetting curve’ and ‘forgetting effects’, in the databases of Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Academics, which allowed classifying and organizing the developed models into 3 groups: Deterministic models, Statistical models and Functional models. This systematic process consisted of selecting databases, filtering publications, reviewing information, and analysing models, providing a detailed analysis on a topic that, despite being promising, is poorly explored in the industry, demonstrating and indicating gaps in research and application. To be filled.
Pacific cod in the Anthropocene: An early life history perspective under changing thermal habitats
Authors: Laurel Benjamin J. , Abookire Alisa , Barbeaux Steve J. , Almeida L. Zoe , Copeman Louise A. , Duffy‐Anderson Janet , Hurst Thomas P. , Litzow Michael A. , Kristiansen Trond , Miller Jessica A. , Palsson Wayne , Rooney Sean , Thalmann Hillary L. , Rogers Lauren A.
Published: July 2023

The rapid decline in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus, Gadidae) biomass following multiple Gulf of Alaska marine heatwaves (2014–2016 and 2019) may be one of the most dramatic documented changes in a sustainably managed marine fishery. As such, fisheries managers are exploring new recruitment paradigms for Pacific cod under novel environmental conditions. In this review, we address the challenges of managing and forecasting Pacific cod populations in the Eastern Pacific where thermal habitats for early life stages are undergoing varying rates of change across space and time. We use observational data to examine changes in distribution, abundance and demographics of the population from 1993 to 2020, and model contemporary and future changes of thermal habitat for both spawning success and age‐0 juvenile growth potential. Results indicate that reduced spawning habitat and early life stage abundance may be a precursor to regional population decline, but the recent apparent increases in size‐at‐age of pre‐recruits will have unknown impacts on future recruitment in these regions. We contend that continued monitoring of early life stages will be necessary to track changes in phenology and growth that likely determine size‐at‐age and the survival trajectories of year classes into the adult population. These include complex size‐ and temperature‐dependent energetics spanning seasonal habitats through the first winter. Climate‐ready management of Pacific cod will, therefore, require new process investigations beyond single‐season surveys focused on one‐life stage.
Uncertainty for fatigue life of low carbon alloy steel based on improved bootstrap method
Authors: Su Weihao , Liu Xintian , Xu Shen , Wang Jinbo , Wang Zhaoqiang
Published: July 2023

Fatigue testing is a crucial technique for assessing the fatigue performance of materials and components. However, the testing process often involves numerous uncertainties, such as variations in part roughness and size, and the collected data typically constitutes small samples. This paper proposes an improved bootstrap method with cycle of uncertainty to address the limitations of traditional bootstrap methods in estimating uncertainties in small sample sizes. The proposed method was applied to estimate the effect of surface roughness and common normal size on fatigue tests, resulting in improved estimation accuracy. The research contributes to the development of improved methods for fatigue life estimation, which has practical implications for mechanical component design and optimization.
Forest productivity recovery or collapse? Model‐data integration insights on drought‐induced tipping points
Authors: Au J. , Bloom A. A. , Parazoo N. C. , Deans R. M. , Wong C. Y. S. , Houlton B. Z. , Magney T. S.
Published: July 2023

More frequent and severe droughts are driving increased forest mortality around the globe. We urgently need to describe and predict how drought affects forest carbon cycling and identify thresholds of environmental stress that trigger ecosystem collapse. Quantifying the effects of drought at an ecosystem level is complex because dynamic climate–plant relationships can cause rapid and/or prolonged shifts in carbon balance. We employ the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) to investigate legacy effects of drought on forest carbon pools and fluxes. Our Bayesian model‐data fusion approach uses tower observed meteorological forcing and carbon fluxes to determine the response and sensitivity of aboveground and belowground ecological processes associated with the 2012–2015 California drought. Our study area is a mid‐montane mixed conifer forest in the Southern Sierras. CARDAMOM constrained with gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates covering 2011–2017 show a ~75% reduction in GPP, compared to negligible GPP change when constrained with 2011 only. Precipitation across 2012–2015 was 45% (474 mm) lower than the historical average and drove a cascading depletion in soil moisture and carbon pools (foliar, labile, roots, and litter). Adding 157 mm during an especially stressful year (2014, annual rainfall = 293 mm) led to a smaller depletion of water and carbon pools, steering the ecosystem away from a state of GPP tipping‐point collapse to recovery. We present novel process‐driven insights that demonstrate the sensitivity of GPP collapse to ecosystem foliar carbon and soil moisture states—showing that the full extent of GPP response takes several years to arise. Thus, long‐term changes in soil moisture and carbon pools can provide a mechanistic link between drought and forest mortality. Our study provides an example for how key precipitation threshold ranges can influence forest productivity, making them useful for monitoring and predicting forest mortality events.