bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Investigation of Psychodynamic Conflicts in Stable Couples
Authors: Akın Aslı , Winter Sibylle M. , Sarrar Lea
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Previous investigations have shown that stressful and pathological developments in couple relationships can be psychodynamically explained by rigid unconscious couple collusions. This manuscript presents and discusses the findings of a pilot study in which the psychodynamic conflicts of stable and “functioning” couples were empirically explored.

Methods: We studied 116 couples (N = 232) who were currently married or in a steady relationship, had at least one child together, and showed no signs of mental disorders. Psychodynamic conflicts were measured using the OPD Conflict Questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire was used to screen for mental disorders.

Results: Significant differences in the mean scores of psychodynamic conflicts between mothers and fathers appeared in the individuation versus dependency conflict, the self-worth conflict, and the guilt conflict. The maternal and paternal self-worth conflicts were associated with their socio-economic status. Parent couples mainly showed positive associations in the same coping modes and correlations between different conflict topics.

Discussion: Our results provide initial insights into the psychodynamic conflicts of mothers and fathers from a nonclinical population and indicate that healthy and stable couple relationships are characterized by concordant and health-promoting ways of dealing with inner conflicts. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the influences of psychodynamic conflicts on the formation and maintenance of well-functioning and lasting relationships between couples.
Great Powers Competition in Syria
Authors: Maklad Hussein
Published: December 2022

This article examines the impact of the rivalry among the three great powers: the United States, Russia, and China in relation to a solution to the Syrian crisis and the reaching of a peaceful settlement. Each power has supported one or more sides among the regional and local actors, which has led to proxy wars among different rival parties. For example, the United States, Russia, and China are trying to maximize their own power and to increase their status in the regional and international system. However, each has different strategies and tools to achieve this goal. While Russia and the United States stress their military presence, China thinks political and economic power can be more effective, which explains why China is hesitant to get directly involved in the crisis,
Social entrepreneurship and sustainable development: The Yiwu case
Authors: Yan Yushan , Si Steven , Zhu Weichun , Zhang Yujia
Published: December 2022

Social entrepreneurship is an important driving force for sustainable development. One existing problem with the current literature is that it is not fully clear under what conditions social entrepreneurship can promote sustainable economic, social, and environmental developments. The research evidence is even less in developing and emerging economies like China. Once an impoverished area, Yiwu has gone through a unique evolution path and developed into one of China’s top 10 wealthiest counties and a model city for sustainable development. In this study, based on a multilevel perspective and through analyzing objective statistical records and public archive data in Yiwu, we trace social entrepreneurship and sustainable development in Yiwu in recent decades. We make numerous theoretical contributions to social entrepreneurship and sustainable development literature. We identify the key factors and explore the roles of social entrepreneurship in promoting sustainable development in Yiwu. We discuss theoretical implications for social entrepreneurship specifically and entrepreneurship in general and make future research recommendations for our framework. Overall, we broaden and deepen the research on social entrepreneurship and sustainable development in an emerging economy.
Impacts of sea ice melting procedures on measurements of microbial community structure
Authors: Chamberlain E. J. , Balmonte J. P. , Torstensson A. , Fong A. A. , Snoeijs-Leijonmalm P. , Bowman J. S.
Published: December 2022

Microorganisms play critical roles in sea ice biogeochemical processes. However, microbes living within sea ice can be challenging to sample for scientific study. Because most techniques for microbial analysis are optimized for liquid samples, sea ice samples are typically melted first, often applying a buffering method to mitigate osmotic lysis. Here, we tested commonly used melting procedures on three different ice horizons of springtime, first year, land-fast Arctic sea ice to investigate potential methodological impacts on resulting measurements of cell abundance, photophysiology, and microbial community structure as determined by 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Specifically, we compared two buffering methods using NaCl solutions (“seawater,” melting the ice in an equal volume of 35-ppt solution, and “isohaline,” melting with a small volume of 250-ppt solution calculated to yield meltwater at estimated in situ brine salinity) to direct ice melting (no buffer addition) on both mechanically “shaved” and “non-shaved” samples. Shaving the ice shortened the melting process, with no significant impacts on the resulting measurements. The seawater buffer was best at minimizing cell lysis for this ice type, retaining the highest number of cells and chlorophyll a concentration. Comparative measurements of bacterial (16S) community structure highlighted ecologically relevant subsets of the community that were significantly more abundant in the buffered samples. The results for eukaryotic (18S) community structure were less conclusive. Taken together, our results suggest that an equivalent-volume seawater-salinity buffered melt is best at minimizing cell loss due to osmotic stress for springtime Arctic sea ice, but that either buffer will reduce bias in community composition when compared to direct melting. Overall, these findings indicate potential methodological biases that should be considered before developing a sea ice melting protocol for microbiological studies and afterwards, when interpreting biogeochemical or ecological meaning of the results.
Social entrepreneurship as a catalyst for sustainability transitions: The China case
Authors: Miao Qing , Liu Zhiyang , Shi Yuwei
Published: December 2022

In this article, we introduce the 5 papers that have been selected for the publication of the special feature titled Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Transitions. Their common theme is the catalytic role that social entrepreneurs, an identity shared by people regardless of their professions or positions, play in China’s transitions toward sustainability. The stories told connect the rise of a rural tourism industry to the village entrepreneurs, place rural cadres in the central position on the long path of development in one of China’s best-known rags-to-riches regions, and highlight the role of business managers in signaling public trust or managing complex nonfinancial disclosures. The qualitative and quantitative studies reported shed light on how these socially embedded entrepreneurs broke the equilibria underlying the prolonged sustainability challenges, from extreme poverty to unhealthy growth to weak institutions, and laid pathways toward new ones that promised sustainability. By way of this special feature, we highlight a welcoming new trend in social entrepreneurship research that expand the scope of potential impact from directly affected stakeholders to cover the ripple effects of social entrepreneurial activities. We also echo the call for multilens, multisector, multiscalar and interdisciplinary research and for the adoption of the interpretive, critical, and pragmatic approaches that complement the popular positivist approach, which we believe will improve the relevance and impact of business and management research. We welcome more papers that establish solid links between social entrepreneurship and sustainability transitions.
Green Concrete: An Eco-Friendly Alternative to the OPC Concrete
Authors: Hashmi Dr. Ahmad Fuzail , M.S. Khan  , M. Bilal  , M. Shariq  , A. Baqi
Published: December 2022

The popularity of concrete has resulted in the considerable consumption of natural resources and significant emission of CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The key constituents of the concrete are the cement and the natural aggregates. These major concrete elements are recommended to be replaced with other materials to solve sustainability issues. Hence, by-products like pulverized granular blast-furnace slag, fly ash, rice husk ash, silica fume, recycled coarse aggregates etc., are added to the concrete to utilize the waste products and produce sustainable concrete. Cement manufacturing accounts for 8 to 10% of total global CO2 emissions. The construction industry is progressively adopting green concrete use in buildings because of its inherent benefits and limitations of traditional concrete. Green concrete is available in a variety of forms such as high-volume fly ash concrete, alkali-activated concrete, recycled aggregate concrete, ultra-high performance concrete, geopolymer concrete etc. Green concrete has various environmental, technical, and economic advantages i.e.,  greater durability, enhanced workability, and pumpability, decreased permeability, controlled bleeding, higher acid resistance, and decreased plastic shrinkage cracking. These properties encourage faster concrete production, shorter curing times, lower construction costs, earlier project completion, lower maintenance costs, and longer service life of construction projects. This review article aims to comprehensively explain the fresh, hardened, and durability properties of green concrete and knowledge gaps in green concrete. The literature revealed that further research is needed to accurately assess the long-term properties, notably creep and shrinkage behaviour of structural or reinforced elements of green concrete.
Influence of Internal Curing with Lightweight Pumice Fine Aggregate on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars
Authors: Karim Dr. Ferhad Rahim
Published: December 2022

The cement mortar in the building encounters a problem of curing due to covering mortar under finishing materials such as tiles, stones, and marble. Internal curing is one of the methods for solving this problem. This investigation highlights the impact of internal curing with lightweight pumice fine aggregate on cement mortar's mechanical properties, such as compressive and tensile strengths, and performance, such as density. Thus, the internal cured water-to-cement ratio was studied, which varied from 0 to 21.5%, and the partial replacement of natural sand with lightweight pumice fine aggregate varied from 0% to 16.63%. The results showed the mechanical properties improved with the increased internal water-to-cement ratio. Increasing the internal cured water-to-cement ratio up to 21.52% improves the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of cement mortar up to 77.3%, 56.42%, and 28.71%, respectively. In addition, the partial replacement of natural sand with lightweight pumice aggregate up to 10.9% enhances the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of cement mortar up to 24.2%, 6.1%, and 28.7%, respectively, due to a reduction in drying and autogenous shrinkage.
Adsorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Dendritic Fibrous Type SBA-15 (DFSBA-15)
Authors: Mohd Zaki R. S. R. , Setiabudi H. D. , Kamarudin N. H. N. , Abdulkadir B. A.
Published: December 2022

The presence of heavy metals in the environment is undeniably harmful and toxic to living things, where the presence of Pb(II) inside human foods and drinks results in various diseases. The use of adsorption as a method of wastewater treatment is widespread, and effective adsorption performance depends on appropriate adsorbent selection. In this research, dendritic fibrous type SBA-15 (DFSBA-15) was prepared and used for lead (Pb(II)) adsorption. The physicochemical properties of the DFSBA-15 were characterized using TEM, BET, and FTIR. The characterization analyses confirmed the formation of fibrous morphology, moderate surface area, and bulk -OH. Several factors, including contact time (min), adsorbent dosage (g/L), pH, and initial concentration (mg/L), were examined for Pb(II) adsorption. The best adsorption performance (89.88%) was attained at 180 min, 1 g/L of adsorbent dosage, pH 5, and 100 mg/L of Pb(II) initial concentration. Pseudo-second-order reaction type and Langmuir isotherm provided good fits to the experimental data, with R2 ≥ 0.9943 and R2 = 0.9982, respectively. In short, the DFSBA-15 exhibits great potential for excellent Pb(II) removal.
Physico-chemical and Energy Characteristic of Charcoal Derived from Two (Different) Sarawak Wild Bamboo Species
Authors: Jalil R. , Bojet H. , Sarif M. , Khadiran T. , Elham P. , Nicholas A. L. , Zainudin J. , Wan C. C. , Dayus R. A.
Published: December 2022

Bamboo has a very rapid growth rate and has been considered a promising non-wood biomass material that has the potential as a feedstock for charcoal production. This study was carried out to elucidate the physico-chemical and energy characteristic of bamboo charcoal produced from two (2) different species which were Aur Kuning Bamboo and Beting Bamboo. Each bamboo was carbonized at a temperature of 300 to 400oC for a duration of two hours. It was found that the density and volatile matter content of bamboo charcoal have decreased, while the ash content, fixed carbon (FC) content and calorific value (CV) have increased after being converted into charcoal. The results show that Aur Kuning Bamboo has good quality bamboo charcoal in comparison with Beting Bamboo in terms of its FC and CV content. Based on the average value, the FC (82.10%) and CV of Aur Kuning Bamboo (27.23%) were higher than FC (70.42%) and CV (26.05%) of Beting Bamboo with 16.59% (FC) and 4.53% (CV) different. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant effect for different species of bamboo and a significant correlation between physical and energy properties. In conclusion, Aur Kuning Bamboo harvested from Sarawak wild forest has a higher potential to be a feedstock for charcoal production that will be useful for various applications in the near future.
Effect of the Current and Pressure on Weld Strength for IBS Rebar Machine
Authors: Zainudin Muhammad Faiz , Jamaludin Ahmad Shahir , Mohamad Yasin Mohamad Rusydi
Published: December 2022

The increase of population results to the increase of housing in Malaysia. One of the technologies of building houses is using the technique of prefabrication by manufacturing the walls, roof and pillars in factory and assembling the part at the construction site. This research is to study the effect of pressure and time on weld strength of IBS Rebar. In conducting the study, the data for the parameter was collected from the IBS fabrication site in Mahligai Idaman in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The machine used spot weld to joint the concrete rebar together to make the structure of prefab. The parameter that were taken for this study are current and pressure. The result showed the effect of current and pressure to Ultimate Tensile Stress and Young Modulus. These result suggest that the effect of current and pressure significantly affect the strength of the weldment of the spot weld. On this basis, the parameter of current and pressure need to be account when run the IBS rebar machine.
The impact of risk factors associated with long-term computer use on musculoskeletal discomfort among administrative staff: A case study
Authors: Nor Azmi Nur Aqila , Abdul Aziz Fazilah
Published: December 2022

Work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WMSDs) are on the rise as a result of excessive usage of desktop computers. People use computers in the office for communication, word processing, data processing, record keeping, and project management, among other applications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) and related risk factors among university workers. This study explores the association between the severity of body discomfort and affected activities such as daily living and work. This study focused on musculoskeletal discomfort among support staff at University Malaysia Pahang who works in the office. There is 50 support staff (58 percent were females; 47 percent were males) who participated in this cross-sectional study. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to gather data on personal characteristics, occupational conditions, and the prevalence of WMSDs. The intensity of pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). This study found four body regions with the most pain experienced by office workers: neck, shoulders, upper back, and low back. The individual risk factors related to musculoskeletal discomfort are age, weight, and height. The occupational risk factors that are most significant are working experience, daily computer use, and virtual meetings during work from home (WFH). Work and leisure activities are the most affected by the pain experienced by the respondents. In terms of work aspects, this study determined that job performance is the most significantly affected due to musculoskeletal discomfort. This study gives office workers some awareness of risk factors related to musculoskeletal discomfort during prolonged computer use and prolonged sitting. Providing prolonged computer use guidelines to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort among office workers is highly recommended.
Metal Coating by TIG Arc Deposition Method
Authors: Roslan Muhammad Yusuff Izzuddin , Ahmad Mokhtar Ahmad Redza
Published: December 2022

Metal (Aluminum) coating was prepared on stainless steel substrate by arc deposition method using TIG Welding machine. Plasma spray is a type of metal coating that is widely used in the industry and its preparation cost is expensive. It is also the most flexible method to apply a wide variety of coatings on a substrate. To reduce the cost of the set-up, the plasma will be generated by using a TIG welding machine to replace the plasma spray. The use of powder which is aluminium as a coating raw material causes almost no restrictions on the use of coating materials used in the plasma melting process. The changing parameters in this experiment are the angle nozzle powder and the flow rate of the working gas which is Argon (Ar) gas and the substrate used is SUS304 stainless steel and the feedstock powder used is Aluminium (Al) powder with an average size of 5 μm. Flow rate used in this study was 10,20 and 30 l/min of Ar and the powder nozzle spray angle was 45°, The live image, diameter, thickness, and surface roughness of the coatings were systematically analyzed using LEXT OLS5000 3D Measuring Laser Microscope.
Investigating the Impact of Lean Manufacturing Practices on Operational Performance
Authors: Bandi Nizam Hafiz , Noor Kamar Ahmad Nazif , Kie Cheng Jack
Published: December 2022

In order to remain competitive and resilient in business, manufacturing companies must improve their operational performance continuously. Superior performance can no longer be achieved with abundance of time, resources, and money, but the right approaches and tools will allow companies to perform better with greater flexibility. As manufacturing companies try to identify the most beneficial approach, many conclude that Lean Manufacturing (LM) practices are the way to go. LM practices may seem promising at first, but its implementation doesn’t always produce the desired results, and not all LM tools are universally applicable. Choosing the wrong tool might throw off the entire process though initially it meant to improve. Therefore, this study aims to determine the most used of LM tools and how these tools can impact the operational performance. A total of eleven completed responses were collected in the survey through convenience sampling method. Empirical results through descriptive analysis revealed that usage of LM tools such as 5S and Kaizen can lead companies in improving their processes. While lack of knowledge and resistance to change are the major barriers in practicing LM.
Consequences of risk factors related to prolonged computer use on musculaokeletal pain in public unversity students: A case study
Authors: Halim Nur Aisyah Mardhiah , Abdul Aziz Fazilah
Published: December 2022

The Malaysian government formally enforces study, worship, and online learning rules during the movement control order period. Learning activities that used to be carried out face-to-face have now been changed mainly into virtual meetings. These conditions affect the effectiveness of the student's well-being and learning process in higher education. This study aims to determine the problems and risk factors of continuous computer use on a person's musculoskeletal system. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 volunteers from a public university student body in Pahang. Data were collected using a structured socio-demographic, work-related factors questionnaire and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) for MSD assessment. Each student's severity of MSD symptoms was assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS). Robust Poisson regression was used to investigate the association of MSDs with socio-demographic and other study-related factors. More than 60% of students experienced symptoms of musculoskeletal problems in the neck, shoulder, upper back, and lower back. This study found that gender and not taking a break from electronic devices lead to musculoskeletal discomfort among students. In addition, this result shows that revision activity leads to musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and low back among students. Moreover, class attendance led to musculoskeletal discomfort in the lower back. These findings provide awareness regarding musculoskeletal discomfort risk factors among students in university institutions.
Study of Underfill Flow in Microchip Packaging Using Ansys
Authors: Hussin N.F.R. , Rosli N.
Published: December 2022

The project was related to microchip application where adhesive fluid is used to stick the microchip onto the electrical flat base. In this project, 5mm of width and length of microchip with 3 different types of solder ball diameter sizes are used in this project. The objective of the project is to study the flow pattern and velocity of fluid during injection based on the decided parameters, which are initial velocity, fluid viscosity, and the diameter of the solder ball. Each parameter that has been set produces a different outcome in terms of flow pattern and velocity of fluid. To maximise the performance of fluid flow in the aspect of uniformity of the fluid flow to fill the gap around the solder ball, the flow pattern and the velocity are being observed and recorded throughout the simulation process.
Squeeze-out-Verfahren im Vergleich
Authors: Knobloch Alois Paul , Funk Martina
Published: December 2022

Für den Ausschluss von Minderheiten stehen der aktienrechtliche, der umwandlungsrechtliche oder der übernahmerechtliche Squeeze-out zur Verfügung. Die Verfahren weisen Gemeinsamkeiten, neben speziellen Anwendungsvoraussetzungen aber auch deutliche Unterschiede im Detail auf. Im Beitrag werden die Squeeze-out-Verfahren charakterisiert und unter ökonomischen und gestaltungsrechtlichen Aspekten verglichen.
"Dark Patterns" - Unfaire Nutzerschnittstellen auf Websites
Authors: Gerpott Torsten J.
Published: December 2022

Oberflächen zur Interaktion von Website-Besuchern mit einem Online-Angebot können so gestaltet sein, dass Nutzer in unfairer Weise zu einem Verhalten verleitet werden, das für sie zumindest langfristig gewichtige Nachteile hat. Solche digitalen Designpraktiken bezeichnet man als „Dark Pattern“ (geheimes Muster). Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen interdisziplinären Überblick bezüglich des Erkenntnisstands zu Varianten, Verbreitung, Effekten und Strategien zur Bekämpfung von Dark Patterns.
Obtención y caracterización de biocarbón a partir de Eichhornia crassipes usando un prototipo de reactor de pirólisis solar
Authors: Jardón-Medina Alán Gerardo , Ortiz-Fernández Alejandro
Published: December 2022

[Introduction]: Latin America has extensive wetland areas of international importance, since these wetlands preserve wildlife, acting as a source and purifier of water; protecting us from floods, droughts, and other environmental disasters. However, these wetlands are threatened by eutrophication and aquatic weeds, such as the water lily in La Presa, La Vega, Jalisco, Mexico. [Objective]: The present investigation provides an alternative for the sustainable management of the water lily (Eichhornia crassipes) by obtaining biochar and its evaluation. [Methodology]: A functional prototype of a solar pyrolysis reactor was developed, running 36 tests to pyrolyze water lily samples with 17-23% humidity, applying a 5 in Hg vacuum at different temperatures (170, 200 and 230 ºC) and residence times (120, 150, 180 and 210 min); finding the best yield of biochar by the response surface method. [Results]: The optimal conditions in the reactor were found at 170 ºC, with a residence time of 171.8 min. The biochar presented a calorific value of 17.56 MJ/kg, 20.11 % by weight of fixed carbon and 6.89 C/H (carbon-hydrogen) ratio. [Conclusions]: This proposal provides evidence for a new solar pyrolytic reactor that processes water lily to produce high calorific biochar or to fix carbon, which could be a solution to one of the effects of eutrophication.
La composición discursiva en la retórica grecolatina y sus proyecciones sobre los modelos procesuales de escritura
Authors: Schere María Jimena
Published: December 2022

El proceso de escritura se ha convertido desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX hasta la actualidad en un dinámico campo de investigación con diversos modelos en pugna. Este trabajo se propone indagar algunas variaciones y continuidades presentes en la historia de la composición escrita, partiendo de las primeras conceptualizaciones de la retórica clásica, y analizar la dimensión histórico cultural de algunos modelos vigentes. A partir de un rastreo de tratados de retórica grecolatina, entendemos que la retórica clásica elabora por primera vez una concepción intelectual, procesual de la composición discursiva, organizada en fases distintivas, monitoreadas por un sujeto consciente que controla su proceso y sigue normas sistematizables y trasmisibles a través de la enseñanza. Esta visión del método compositivo encuentra continuidad en la historia de la composición, en particular, en algunas teorías contemporáneas como los modelos en etapas y las teorías cognitivas.
El debate Foucault-Chomsky desde una perspectiva pragmadialéctica
Authors: Alcala Riff Federico Oscar
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo proponer un análisis crítico del debate entre Noam Chomsky y Michel Foucault a partir de las herramientas que proporciona el enfoque pragmadialéctico. En particular, se pretende contrastar el conjunto de etapas y reglas de discusión que Frans van Eemeren y Rob Grootendorst apuntan en su libro Una teoría sistemática de la argumentación (2011) con el debate antes mencionado para definir grados de adecuación y desviación. En un primer movimiento, el análisis de este debate a partir de las etapas y reglas pragmadialécticas debería proporcionar una medida relativa de la calidad de las intervenciones y del resultado global de la discusión. Sin embargo, un segundo movimiento podría permitir revisar hasta qué punto ese conjunto de reglas es útil y adecuado para el análisis de debates concretos o, al menos, para el análisis de este debate concreto.
La ideología como falsa pretensión de universalidad
Authors: Posada Gómez Pedro José
Published: December 2022

El artículo pretende mostrar que el concepto de ideología puede ser entendido como un caso de falsa o inadecuada pretensión de universalidad y como una variante de la falacia de generalización abusiva. Para llegar a ello se parte de las concepciones de la ideología en Marx y Engels y en su revisión por autores como Ricoeur, Adorno, Habermas y Bajtin-Voloshinov. Se busca retomar un concepto crítico de ideología, que sea útil a los estudios críticos del discurso, y en ese sentido, se opone al uso neutro del mismo concepto que se ha propuesto por analistas del discurso como Teun van Dijk y por economistas como Thomas Piketty, entre muchos otros. Para lograr este propósito se recurre a conceptos de la filosofía analítica del lenguaje (G. Frege), de la teoría de los actos de habla (Austin y Searle), de la teoría crítica de la Escuela de Frankfort (Adorno), de la teoría de la argumentación o Nueva retórica (Perelman-Olbrechts) y de la teoría de la acción comunicativa (Habermas). Igualmente se recurre a la noción de falacia de generalización abusiva, presente desde Aristóteles en las teorías de la lógica formal e informal.
El reciclaje en la escuela rural: Un caso de estudio en Monte Patria, Chile
Authors: Jaime Muñoz Eduardo Antonio
Published: December 2022

El reciclaje es una práctica ambiental destinada a la reutilización de los residuos sólidos que ya cumplieron un ciclo de vida y que, debido a la formación de microbasurales, requieren ser reutilizados con el fin de disminuir la cantidad de residuos en el ambiente. Considerando lo relevante de esta temática, se elaboró el presente artículo que tiene como fin conocer y describir esta experiencia educativa en torno al reciclaje en la escuela de rural de Chilecito, ubicada en la comuna de Monte Patria, Región de Coquimbo, Chile. El caso de estudio está enmarcado en un proyecto del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente del gobierno de Chile. La metodología utilizada fueron talleres con los estudiantes y uso de materiales educativos. Los resultados contemplan, la presentación de cuadros con información relacionada a las actividades pedagógicas desarrolladas por los estudiantes. En la discusión se presentan las impresiones de los estudiantes, algunas apreciaciones vinculadas al reciclaje con el curriculum escolar y apoderados manifiestan sus impresiones en relación a la temática..
“Centroamérica, como parte del Gran Caribe, es una región geopolíticamente precoz”: entrevista con el Dr. Carlos Granados Chaverri
Authors: Gutiérrez Arguedas Alberto
Published: December 2022

Carlos Granados Chaverri es un geógrafo costarricense, actualmente jubilado, quien se desempeñó como docente e investigador en la Escuela de Geografía de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) durante más de treinta años. El profesor Granados realizó estudios de Bachillerato y Licenciatura en la UCR (1974-1979), Maestría en la Universidad de Oregon, EEUU (1980-1982) y Doctorado en la Universidad de Syracuse, EEUU (1989-1993), todos en el área de geografía. Su trabajo académico ha estado enfocado en el campo de la geografía política, desde donde ha realizado significativos aportes en temas como geopolítica, nacionalismos, formación del estado, fronteras, identidades territoriales y geografía electoral, con énfasis en Costa Rica y Centroamérica. En esta entrevista, el profesor Granados se refiere al desarrollo y evolución de la ciencia geográfica, en Costa Rica y el mundo, así como a algunas de las ideas que ha desarrollado en su trayectoria académica. En particular, se refiere al lugar de Centroamérica y el Caribe en la geopolítica mundial, así como al papel de la geografía en la construcción del nacionalismo en Costa Rica.
Reseña del libro La Geografía: un arma para la guerra, 1976
Authors: Herrera Rodríguez Leonardo Fabrizio
Published: December 2022

El autor sostiene que existe un total desinterés respecto al análisis espacial por parte de la sociedad, y que el conjunto de conocimientos geográficos solo es utilizado por aquellos que ostentan el poder. Dicha desidia sobre los temas geográficos se debe principalmente a la geografía escolar y a la geografía espectáculo, las cuales visten a la ciencia geográfica de un manto contemplativo, pasivo y desinteresado, o, mejor dicho, de inutilidad. A estos factores, se suman actividades cotidianas y académicas, quienes en conjunto nos alejan de la definición que los saberes relacionados al espacio resultan un poderoso instrumento para hacer la guerra y para ejercer el poder.
Los Incas Población y Producción: entre la fantasía y la realidad
Authors: Decoster Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2022

Se debe resaltar el aspecto metodológico, que ha sido reconstruir teóricamente la población al año 1530 así como los recursos productivos que incluyen las diversas zonas de cultivo en riego, en secano, la importante función de los espacios forrajeros para la producción ganadera, así como también la relación con los espacios de bosques para el uso de la madera para las edificaciones y como fuente de energía.El análisis del peso demográfico, lleva al autor a definir la formación de 23 grandes espacios regionales. Se destaca el rol de las innovaciones tecnológicas, por un lado, la invención y difusión de la Chaquitaclla, instrumento variado y adaptado a las condiciones topográficas de los andes y, de otro lado, se pone en relieve el desarrollo ganadero sobre todo basado en la innovación, que era el sistema de ahijaderos. Ambos, tuvieron un efecto sinérgico que permitieron elevar de manera considerable la producción y productividad agrícola, que a su vez contribuyó a mejorar la alimentación en cantidad y calidad y por ende el crecimiento demográfico. También se describe con bastante detalle la relación entre la población y la gran infraestructura que fue la grandiosa y variada red de caminos que se sintetizan en el Qhapaq Ñan como una de las grandes proezas de la ingeniera Inca.
Informe del trabajo de campo para la evaluación del riesgo por flujo de detritos originado por precipitaciones anómalas en los A.H. “César Vallejo” A.H. “Hijos de Saldaña”, distrito de Comas, Provincia de Lima, Departamento de Lima
Authors: Delgado Estrada Juan Manuel , Canqui Glenn Alexander
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo corresponde a una evaluación de riesgos de desastre que se realizó en el AH Cesar Vallejo y el AH Hijos de Saldaña, en el distrito de Comas. Para recopilar la información necesaria se utilizó los datos geoespaciales disponibles de las instituciones competentes, los cuáles fueron procesados posteriormente con apoyo del software de SIG: ArcMap; así como también fuentes primarias, que en este caso fueron las encuestas realizadas a los vecinos de estos asentamientos humanos. Luego del trabajo de campo y gabinete se constató que los niveles de riesgogl en muchos de los predios oscilaban entre alto y muy alto, por lo que es necesaria la pronta implementación de medidas correctivas y preventivas.
Enteropathy endoscopic findings in small intestine in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Torres-Ruiz María Fernanda , Garrido-Rodríguez Daniela , Blanco Velasco Gerardo , Peralta-Prado Amy B , León-Rodríguez Isabel , Lara-Muñoz Julio Cesar , Lara-Vazquez William C. , Dulce María López-Sánchez Dulce María López-Sánchez , de Oca Gonzalo Salgado-Montes , Ávila-Ríos Santiago , Rese Center of
Published: December 2022

Background and aim: Small intestine study is a challenge in the field of clinical research. However, capsule endoscopy is a safe and minimally invasive alternative. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this endoscopic procedure acquires added value. Although SARS-CoV-2 has mainly respiratory manifestations, gastrointestinal symptoms are observed in 30% of cases. ACE-2 used by SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells is highly expressed in the brush border of enterocytes. This enzyme transports essential amino acids in the small intestine and regulates intestinal inflammation through antimicrobial peptides production. Here we describe the endoscopic changes in the mucosa of the small intestine secondary to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with and without gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: We performed a prospective and observational study in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Capsule endoscopy and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces were performed in each participant. Each capsule was reviewed separately by two trained endoscopists. Results: Twenty individuals were enrolled. Diarrhea was observed in 78% of participants. In 45% of capsule endoscopy studies, changes characterized by shortening of villi, atrophy or denuded areas accompanied by red spots or patches, hyperemia or edema were found. Individuals showing these changes in the intestinal mucosa were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in stool. Conclusions: Here we provide evidence of macroscopic changes along the small intestine in COVID-19 patients. We proposed the term of COVID-19 enteropathy to denote involvement of the mucosa and in the villi of the small intestine in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Longitudinal follow-up will be valuable for a better understanding of COVID-19 enteropathy.
Vonoprazan: A systematic review of an alternative to proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Silva Gabriel AV , Figueiredo Julia S , Gonçalves Ricardo JB , Barbosa Matheus GPO , Chehter Ethel Z
Published: December 2022

Vonoprazan is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) that works through a reversible potassium-specific competitive mechanism to inhibit active proton pumps directly. In contrast to standard proton pump inhibitors, vonoprazan does not require acid activation or any time constraints for its administration. As a result of its rapid onset and prolonged action, vonoprazan is a suitable option for PPI. In this study, we compare the efficacy of vonoprazan and PPIs in treating Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), H. pylori, and post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) bleeding and ulcers. A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted on Pubmed. It included English or Portuguese articles published in the last five years describing adult patients treated with vonoprazan and/or PPI for GERD, H. pylori, or post-endoscopic dissection of the gastroesophageal submucosa bleeding and ulcers. There were six articles on GERD. Half suggested vonoprazan was superior to PPIs, while the other half considered it non-inferior or of comparable efficacy. There were 19 articles on H. pylori eradication, and vonoprazan outperformed PPI in 68,42% (13/19) of them. Vonoprazan was more effective than PPIs in 8 of the 13 studies chosen for post-ESD and ulcer prevention. As a result, in most studies, vonoprazan is either superior or not inferior to PPIs. However, the racial bias of the results is a significant limitation, as many of these studies were conducted in the Japanese population. More research on greater racial diversity is required. Nonetheless, in the current scenario, vonoprazan is a potential alternative pharmacological treatment for post-ESD bleeding and ulcers, GERD, and H. pylori.
Chronic hepatitis B infection: what to do when TDF is not enough to treat?
Authors:   ,1 Elizab,2 Kamal Mansinho,1 Rita Corte-Real1, Sara Casanova Sara Casanova , Miranda Ana Cláudia , Pádua Elizabeth , Kamal Mansinho Kamal Mansinho , Corte-Real Rita
Published: December 2022

,1
Thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium in alloys of the Eu—Pb system
Authors:   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Sudavtsova V. S. , Romanova L. O. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Kudin V. G. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Shevchuk V.A. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Shevchenko M.O. ,   3The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Published: December 2022

Firstthe partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of the melts of the Eu—Pb system were determined at a temperature of 1100—1350 K in everything range the composition by method isoperibolical calorimetry. It was established that of the melts of the Eu—Pb system are formed with the release of a big amount of heat: the minimum H = –51,7  ± 0,8 (at xPb = 0,4). Using the model of ideal associated solutions, all the thermodynamic properties (Gibbs energies, enthalpy and entropy of formation of melts, intermetallic compounds and associates) of the Eu—Pb system were calculated. It turned out that the activity of the components in the melts of this system exhibit moderate negative deviations from ideal solutions. According to the IAR model, the temperature-concentration dependences of the Gibbs energies, enthalpies and entropies formation of melts and intermetallics were calculated, and from them were obtained the coordinates of the liquidus curve of the diagram state of the studied system. As a result, the temperature-concentration dependences of the thermodynamic properties of all phases and the liquidus of the Eu—Pb system are obtained, those a thermodynamic description of this system is made. Keywords: calorimetry, melts, intermetallics, thermodynamic properties, Eu, Pb, model of ideal associated solutions, phase equilibria.
Surface modification of basalt fibers, oxide and carbon materials for improvement their wetting with low-melting melts
Authors:   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Krasovskyy V.P. , Krasovskaya N.A. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2022

The effect of metal coatings and coverings on wetting of substrates by In, Sn, Pb in vacuum 1—2•10-3 Pa in the temperature range 400—700 C was studied by the sessile drop method using the capillary purification method of melt. Substrates of hot-polished basalt material, MPG-6 graphite, composite materials based on high-modulus carbon fibers, tapes and fabrics used. Vanadium, niobium, copper and nickel metals were chosen for the coatings, which were sprayed on the materials by electron beam evaporation of metals in vacuum, and titanium, nickel powders for the coatings were used. The nature of the wetting angle dependence on the film thickness is a linear decrease in the angle with increasing film thickness. Studies have shown the possibility of using double films V—Cu, V—Ni for the manufacture of composite materials from basalt fibers.Wetting the vanadium and niobium coatings on surface of the basalt material at by lead, tin and indium improves with increasing film thickness and experimental temperature. The nature of the contact angle–coating thickness dependences for all studied systems is the same: the angle value decreases linearly with increasing film thickness from the angle wetting of the basalt surface to the wetting angle of the compact metal film (V, Nb). The coating thickness, when the contact angle wetting for all adhesive-active metals with high oxygen affinity does not change, is close, and for vanadium is 200•10-10 m, for niobium about 100•10-10 m. Studies have shown the possibility of using double V—Cu and Nb—Cu films for the manufacture of composite materials from basalt fibers and matrix metal. Keywords: contact angle wetting, metal coatings and covering, basalt and carbon materials, low-melting metals.
We are stronger and better together
Authors:   International Research, and Innovation in Medicine Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA, and President of the RECOOP HST Association, Vari Sandor G.
Published: December 2022

I learned during twenty years in RECOOP HST Association that sharing ideas, plans and actions make a human network naturally productive. Also, I believed throughout these years that honesty is a key component of a healthy relationship. Not only because honesty helps us avoid harmful breaches of trust, but because it allows us to build creative collaborative research organizations. Nonetheless, in the last two years, we were challenged with a vast scale of crises. First, the COVID-19 pandemic and second, beginning February 24, 2022, the brutal Russian aggression against Ukraine have impacted everybody’s life causing significant concern and insecurity across the globe. Economic instability, disturbed work routines and disrupted family lives have caused higher risks of physical and mental disorders [1, 2]. Socially isolated people often feel lonely or depressed. Constantly lonely people have higher blood pressure, are more vulnerable to infection and are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Loneliness also interferes with an entire range of everyday functions such as sleep patterns, attention and logical and verbal reasoning [3-6]. At the time the pandemic calmed, the Russian barbaric aggression and bombardment of civilian targets exposed large populations to physical aggression, which grants more damage over time as many Ukrainians are losing human condition. Are we losing humanity also? Humans are good or bad, or predators also capable of great kindness. Humanity symbolizes human love and sympathy toward each other. Human qualities include honesty, integrity, courage, self-awareness and dedication. These qualities define who we are as human beings. In this troubled time, we must look for the good in people and strengthen the care for others. Gandhi taught us, “The power of humanity is the strength of individual commitment and the force of collective action.” When RECOOP HST Association does something to help in Ukraine, all of us gain a sense of being valuable, helpful and worthwhile. Gandhi’s words remind us, “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” The human misery caused by Russia’s attacks only strengthen Ukrainians’ extraordinary spirit and their dedication to protect their family, culture and homeland. Putin is scrambled by the strength of Ukraine and getting more aggressive. His actions prove, like Gandhi wrote, “The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.” And we are stronger and better together. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, blood pressure, COVID-19, dementia, pandemic, physical and mental disorders, research organizations
Parental Views of Facilitators and Barriers to Research Participation: Systematic Review
Authors: Nathe Julia M. , Oskoui Tira T. , Weiss Elliott Mark
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Low enrollment within pediatric research increases the cost of research, decreases generalizability, and threatens to exacerbate existing health disparities. To assess barriers and facilitators to pediatric research participation and evaluate differences by enrollment status.

METHODS

Data Sources include PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science. Study selection include peer reviewed articles that contained information related to facilitators and barriers to the parental decision whether to enroll their child in research and included the views of parents who declined. We extracted barriers and facilitators to research, enrollment status, and study characteristics, including study design, quality, and patient population.

RESULTS

Seventy articles were included for analysis. Facilitators of participation included: benefits, trust, support of research, informational and consent related, and relational issues. Common facilitators within those categories included health benefit to child (N = 39), altruism (N = 30), and the importance of research (N = 26). Barriers to participation included: study-related concerns, burdens of participation, lack of trust, general research concerns, informational and consent related, and relational issues. Common barriers within those categories included risks to child (N = 46), burdens of participation (N = 35), and the stress of the decision (N = 29). We had a limited ability to directly compare by enrollment status and no ability to analyze interactions between facilitators and barriers. We only included studies written in English.

CONCLUSIONS

This review identified key facilitators and barriers to research participation in pediatrics. The findings from this review may guide researchers aiming to create interventions to improve the parental experience of recruitment for pediatric studies and to optimize enrollment rates.