bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘The best English-Irish poetry before Yeats’
Authors: Moulden John
Published: November 2021

‘[T]he best Irish-English poetry before Yeats’: thus, in The Listener in 1970, John Holloway described a genre of exuberantly worded songs that employed complex patterns of rhyme deriving from Irish language poetry, many of which were among the nineteenth-century ballad sheet collections of Sir Frederic Madden, held in Cambridge University library. Items in this form seem to have surfaced in the mid-eighteenth century, soon after the appearance of the earliest eight-page songbook to be printed in Ireland, and probably the first anywhere in the ‘British Isles’. This essay traces the development of this genre towards, perhaps its finest manifestation, the luxuriously florid bawdry of ‘The Cuckoo’s Nest’, probably composed by the northern-born but Drogheda-based weaver poet John Sheil (c.1784–1872). Many commonly known and apparently innocuous traditional songs are found as bawdry in early collections and employ a range of sexual metaphors, well understood at that time among men but not (openly) among women or more recently. The combination of verbal flourish and double entendre together with a consummate control over the complexity of rhyme and rhythm forced John Holloway to recognize vernacular verse as, not a debased version of ‘educated’ poetry, but as a genre with its own standards, a parallel form that bears comparison at a high level.
William Carleton, Irish song, and the art of keening
Authors: Earls Brian
Published: November 2021

William Carleton was evidently familiar with wide traditions of Irish-language song, particularly through the singing in Irish of his mother. and this experience is evident throughout his writings. In addition to the explicit citation and celebrations of song in his work are less immediately recognised ways in which Carleton absorbed traditions of Irish singing into his fiction, particularly the form of caoineadh, or laments for the dead. Relatively few examples of early caointe (keens) have survived from the province of Ulster. However, this chapter argues that the practices of early nineteenth-century keening, as performed in Ulster, can be glimpsed in the novels and short stories of William Carleton. Close comparison of an extended fictional prose description in Valentine M’Clutchy (1845) with various accounts of caointe (Caoineadh Airt Uí Laoghaire by Eibhlín Dhubh and a declamation recorded in 1828 by the County Kilkenny schoolmaster Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin) indicates Carleton’s evident knowledge of Irish traditions of lament. Irish song is shown to be typified by its lyric, non-narrative form and to be marked with particular emotional intensity, elements still visible within the prose recreations in English of Carleton’s fiction.
Money
Authors: Copelovitch Mark , Anderson James
Published: November 2021

As the economic and financial crises of the last decade have highlighted, monetary issues sit at the heart of nearly every major political debate and policy issue in the world economy today. This makes the study of the politics of money perhaps the single most important topic in International Political Economy (IPE). This article surveys the IPE literature on money over the last two decades, highlighting outstanding scholarship on the political economy of central banking, exchange rates, and the international monetary system, as well as the persistent problem of “non-engagement” between scholars of different theoretical and methodological perspectives. In taking stock of the field, the article seeks to identify the many important contributions of each camp, to note outstanding work and scholars that have recently begun to bridge this gap, and to highlight key empirical and theoretical topics where further constructive engagement would enrich our understanding of the politics of money.
Not Just a Cycle: Three gab Genes Enable the Non-Cyclic Flux Toward Succinate via GABA Shunt in ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’–Infected Citrus
Authors: Nehela Yasser , Killiny Nabil
Published: November 2021

Although the mitochondria retain all required enzymes for an intact tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, plants might shift the cyclic flux from the TCA cycle to an alternative noncyclic pathway via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt under specific physiological conditions. We hypothesize that several genes may ease this noncyclic flux and contribute to the citrus response to the phytopathogenic bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the causal agent of Huanglongbing in citrus. To test this hypothesis, we used multiomics techniques (metabolomics, fluxomics, and transcriptomics) to investigate the potential roles of putative gab homologies from Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Our findings showed that ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ significantly increased the endogenous GABA and succinate content but decreased ketoglutarate in infected citrus plants. Citrus genome harbors three putative gab genes, including amino-acid permease (also known as GABA permease; CsgabP), GABA transaminase (CsgabT), and succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (also known as GABA dehydrogenase; CsgabD). The transcript levels of CsgabP, CsgabT, and CsgabD were upregulated in citrus leaves upon the infection with ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ and after the exogenous application of GABA or deuterium-labeled GABA isotope (GABA-D6). Moreover, our finding showed that exogenously applied GABA is quickly converted to succinate and fed into the TCA cycle. Likewise, the fluxomics study showed that GABA-D6 is rapidly metabolized to succinate-D4. Our work proved that GABA shunt and three predicated gab genes from citrus, support the upstream noncyclic flux toward succinate rather than an intact TCA cycle and contribute to citrus defense responses to ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Mcl-1 deficiency results in peri-implantation embryonic lethality
Authors: Rinkenberger Julie L. , Horning Susan , Klocke Barbara , Roth Kevin , Korsmeyer Stanley J.
Published: November 2021

We disrupted the Mcl-1 locus in murine ES cells to determine the developmental roles of this Bcl-2 family member. Deletion of Mcl-1 resulted in peri-implantation embryonic lethality. Mcl-1−/− embryos do not implant in utero, but could be recovered at E3.5–4.0. Null blastocysts failed to hatch or attach in vitro, indicating a trophectoderm defect, although the inner cell mass could grow in culture. Of note, Mcl-1−/−blastocysts showed no evidence of increased apoptosis, but exhibited a delay in maturation beyond the precompaction stage. This model indicates that Mcl-1 is essential for preimplantation development and implantation, and suggests that it has a function beyond regulating apoptosis.
A role for neural determination genes in specifying the dorsoventral identity of telencephalic neurons
Authors: Fode Carol , Ma Qiufu , Casarosa Simona , Ang Siew-Lan , Anderson David J. , Guillemot François
Published: November 2021

Neurogenin1 (Ngn1), Neurogenin2(Ngn2), and Mash1 encode bHLH transcription factors with neuronal determination functions. In the telencephalon, theNgns and Mash1 are expressed at high levels in complementary dorsal and ventral domains, respectively. We found thatNgn function is required to maintain these two separate expression domains, as Mash1 expression is up-regulated in the dorsal telencephalon of Ngn mutant embryos. We have taken advantage of the replacement of the Ngns by Mash1 in dorsal progenitors to address the role of the neural determination genes in neuronal-type specification in the telencephalon. InNgn2 single and Ngn1; Ngn2 double mutants, a population of early born cortical neurons lose expression of dorsal-specific markers and ectopically express a subset of ventral telencephalic-specific markers. Analysis of Mash1; Ngn2double mutant embryos and of embryos carrying a Ngn2 toMash1 replacement mutation demonstrated that ectopic expression of Mash1 is required and sufficient to confer these ventral characteristics to cortical neurons. Our results indicate that in addition to acting as neuronal determinants, Mash1 andNgns play a role in the specification of dorsal-ventral neuronal identity, directly linking pathways of neurogenesis and regional patterning in the forebrain.
The steroid receptor coactivator, GRIP-1, is necessary for MEF-2C-dependent gene expression and skeletal muscle differentiation
Authors: Chen Shen Liang , Dowhan Dennis H. , Hosking Brett M. , Muscat George E.O.
Published: November 2021

Nuclear receptor-mediated activation of transcription involves coactivation by cofactors collectively denoted the steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs). The process also involves the subsequent recruitment of p300/CBP and PCAF to a complex that synergistically regulates transcription and remodels the chromatin. PCAF and p300 have also been demonstrated to function as critical coactivators for the muscle-specific basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) protein MyoD during myogenic commitment. Skeletal muscle differentiation and the activation of muscle-specific gene expression is dependent on the concerted action of another bHLH factor, myogenin, and the MADS protein, MEF-2, which function in a cooperative manner. We examined the functional role of one SRC, GRIP-1, in muscle differentiation, an ideal paradigm for the analysis of the determinative events that govern the cell's decision to divide or differentiate. We observed that the mRNA encoding GRIP-1 is expressed in proliferating myoblasts and post-mitotic differentiated myotubes, and that protein levels increase during differentiation. Exogenous/ectopic expression studies with GRIP-1 sense and antisense vectors in myogenic C2C12 cells demonstrated that this SRC is necessary for (1) induction/activation of myogenin, MEF-2, and the crucial cell cycle regulator, p21, and (2) contractile protein expression and myotube formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SRC GRIP-1 coactivates MEF-2C-mediated transcription. GRIP-1 also coactivates the synergistic transactivation of E box-dependent transcription by myogenin and MEF-2C. GST-pulldowns, mammalian two-hybrid analysis, and immunoprecipitation demonstrate that the mechanism involves direct interactions between MEF-2C and GRIP-1 and is associated with the ability of the SRC to interact with the MADS domain of MEF-2C. The HLH region of myogenin mediates the direct interaction of myogenin and GRIP-1. Interestingly, interaction with myogenic factors is mediated by two regions of GRIP-1, an amino-terminal bHLH–PAS region and the carboxy-terminal region between amino acids 1158 and 1423 (which encodes an activation domain, has HAT activity, and interacts with the coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase). This work demonstrates that GRIP-1 potentiates skeletal muscle differentiation by acting as a critical coactivator for MEF-2C-mediated transactivation and is the first study to ascribe a function to the amino-terminal bHLH–PAS region of SRCs.
Dll4, a novel Notch ligand expressed in arterial endothelium
Authors: Shutter John R. , Scully Sheila , Fan Wei , Richards William G. , Kitajewski Jan , Deblandre Gisele A. , Kintner Chris R. , Stark Kevin L.
Published: November 2021

We report the cloning and characterization of a new member of the Delta family of Notch ligands, which we have named Dll4. Like other Delta genes, Dll4 is predicted to encode a membrane-bound ligand, characterized by an extracellular region containing several EGF-like domains and a DSL domain required for receptor binding. In situ analysis reveals a highly selective expression pattern of Dll4 within the vascular endothelium. The activity and expression of Dll4 and the known actions of other members of this family suggest a role for Dll4 in the control of endothelial cell biology.
Dimerization and nuclear entry of mPER proteins in mammalian cells
Authors: Yagita Kazuhiro , Yamaguchi Shun , Tamanini Filippo , van der Horst Gijsbertus T.J. , Hoeijmakers Jan H.J. , Yasui Akira , Loros Jennifer J. , Dunlap Jay C. , Okamura Hitoshi
Published: November 2021

Nuclear entry of circadian oscillatory gene products is a key step for the generation of a 24-hr cycle of the biological clock. We have examined nuclear import of clock proteins of the mammalianperiod gene family and the effect of serum shock, which induces a synchronous clock in cultured cells. Previously, mCRY1 and mCRY2 have been found to complex with PER proteins leading to nuclear import. Here we report that nuclear translocation of mPER1 and mPER2 (1) involves physical interactions with mPER3, (2) is accelerated by serum treatment, and (3) still occurs in mCry1/mCry2double-deficient cells lacking a functional biological clock. Moreover, nuclear localization of endogenous mPER1 was observed in culturedmCry1/mCry2 double-deficient cells as well as in the liver and the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) ofmCry1/mCry2 double-mutant mice. This indicates that nuclear translocation of at least mPER1 also can occur under physiological conditions (i.e., in the intact mouse) in the absence of any CRY protein. The mPER3 amino acid sequence predicts the presence of a cytoplasmic localization domain (CLD) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Deletion analysis suggests that the interplay of the CLD and NLS proposed to regulate nuclear entry of PER in Drosophilais conserved in mammals, but with the novel twist that mPER3 can act as the dimerizing partner.
PML is induced by oncogenicrasand promotes premature senescence
Authors: Ferbeyre Gerardo , de Stanchina Elisa , Querido Emmanuelle , Baptiste Nicole , Prives Carol , Lowe Scott W.
Published: November 2021

Oncogenicrasprovokes a senescent-like arrest in human diploid fibroblasts involving the Rb and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. To further characterize this response, we compared gene expression patterns betweenras-arrested and quiescent IMR90 fibroblasts. One of the genes up-regulated duringras-induced arrest was promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, a potential tumor suppressor that encodes a component of nuclear structures known as promyelocytic oncogenic domains (PODs). PML levels increased during bothras-induced arrest and replicative senescence, leading to a dramatic increase in the size and number of PODs. ForcedPMLexpression was sufficient to promote premature senescence. Like oncogenicras, PMLincreased the levels of p16, hypophosphorylated Rb, phosphoserine-15 p53, and expression of p53 transcriptional targets. The fraction of Rb and p53 that colocalized with PML markedly increased duringras-induced arrest, and expression ofPMLalone forced p53 to the PODs. E1A abolishedPML-induced arrest and prevented PML induction and p53 phosphorylation in response to oncogenicras. These results imply that PML acts with Rb and p53 to promoteras-induced senescence and provide new insights into PML regulation and activity.
Antiapoptotic activity ofStat5required during terminal stages of myeloid differentiation
Authors: Kieslinger Matthias , Woldman Irina , Moriggl Richard , Hofmann Johannes , Marine Jean-Christophe , Ihle James N. , Beug Hartmut , Decker Thomas
Published: November 2021

Stat5 is activated by multiple receptors of hematopoietic cytokines. To study its role during hematopoiesis, we have generated primary chicken myeloblasts expressing different dominant-negative (dn) alleles of Stat5. This caused a striking inability to generate mature cells, due to massive apoptosis during differentiation. Bcl-2 was able to rescue differentiating cells expressing dnStat5 from apoptosis, suggesting that during cytokine-dependent differentiation the main function of the protein is to ensure cell survival. Our findings with dnStat5-expressing chicken myeloblasts were confirmed with primary hematopoietic cells from Stat5a/Stat5b-deficient mice. Bone marrow cells from these animals displayed a strong increase in apoptotic cell death during GM-CSF-dependent functional maturation in vitro. The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x was induced by GM-CSF and IL-3 in a Stat5-dependent fashion. Ectopic expression of Bcl-x rescued Stat5-deficient bone marrow cells from apoptosis, indicating that Stat5 promotes the survival of myeloid progenitor cells through its ability to induce transcription of thebcl-xgene. Finally, the recruitment of myeloid cells to inflammatory sites was found strongly impeded in Stat5-deficient mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that Stat5 may promote cytokine-dependent survival and proliferation of differentiating myeloid progenitor cells in stress or pathological situations, such as inflammation.
The Caenorhabditis elegans fate-determining gene mab-9 encodes a T-box protein required to pattern the posterior hindgut
Authors: Woollard Alison , Hodgkin Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Caenorhabditis elegans mab-9 mutants are defective in hindgut and male tail development because of cell fate transformations in two posterior blast cells, B and F. We have cloned mab-9 and show that it encodes a member of the T-box family of transcriptional regulators. MAB-9 localizes to the nucleus of B and F and their descendents during development, suggesting that it acts cell autonomously in the posterior hindgut to direct cell fate. T-box genes related to brachyury have also been implicated in hindgut patterning, and our results support models for an evolutionarily ancient role for these genes in hindgut formation.
A novel pairing process promoted by Escherichia coli RecA protein: inverse DNA and RNA strand exchange
Authors: Zaitsev Eugene N. , Kowalczykowski Stephen C.
Published: November 2021

Traditionally, recombination reactions promoted by RecA-like proteins initiate by forming a nucleoprotein filament on a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which then pairs with homologous double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). In this paper, we describe a novel pairing process that occurs in an unconventional manner: RecA protein polymerizes along dsDNA to form an active nucleoprotein filament that can pair and exchange strands with homologous ssDNA. Our results demonstrate that this “inverse” reaction is a unique, highly efficient DNA strand exchange reaction that is not due to redistribution of RecA protein from dsDNA to the homologous ssDNA partner. Finally, we demonstrate that the RecA protein–dsDNA filament can also pair and promote strand exchange with ssRNA. This inverse RNA strand exchange reaction is likely responsible for R-loop formation that is required for recombination-dependent DNA replication.
Distinct protein interaction domains and protein spreading in a complex centromere
Authors: Partridge Janet F. , Borgstrøm Britta , Allshire Robin C.
Published: November 2021

Fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) centromeres are composed of large (40–100 kb) inverted repeats that display heterochromatic features, thus providing a good model for higher eukaryotic centromeres. The association of three proteins that mediate region-specific silencing across centromere 1 has been mapped by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation. Swi6 and Chp1 are confined to the flanking outer repeats and Swi6 can spread across at least 3 kb of extraneous chromatin in cen1. In contrast, Mis6 coats the inner repeats and central core. tRNA genes demarcate this transition zone. These analyses clearly define two distinct domains within this complex centromere which interact with different proteins.
Understanding the influence of privacy protection functions on continuance usage of push notification service
Authors: Cheng Zhou , Li Kai , Teng Ching-I
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Push notification service (PNS) is an important approach to distribute personalized information to users timely and is getting more and more popular. However, users' privacy concerns are a major inhibiting factor in their continuance usage of PNS. This study investigates the effect of privacy protection functions provided by PNS sites in enhancing users' perceived fairness on the basis of justice theory to mitigate users' concerns of information privacy. The mechanism underlying such influence on users' continuance usage of PNS comprises privacy concern and privacy-control self-efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

Four scenario-based surveys are conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The authors test the research model with a sample of 360 participants by ANOVA and PLS.

Findings

Results show that the proposed privacy protection functions have direct positive effects on users' privacy-control self-efficacy, negative effects on privacy concern and indirectly affect their continuance usage of PNS. Furthermore, the interaction effects between two approaches have different impacts on users' privacy concern and privacy-control self-efficacy.

Originality/value

This study provides some suggestions and guidance for PNS providers to design effective privacy protection technologies.
National culture and public-sector budgeting: the mediating role of country-level institutions using a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Zarei Hamid , Yazdifar Hassan , Dahmarde Ghaleno Mohsen , Namazi Navidreza
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Despite cultural dimensions being included in hundreds of business and management research studies, there have been relatively few studies in public-sector accounting that include the use of cultural dimensions. It is posited that national cultural variables impact the institutions, which, in turn, have an influence on public-sector budgeting. The study aims to contribute to the literature by examining these relations in 31 countries.

Design/methodology/approach

These relationships are empirically evaluated by structural equation modeling using measures of national culture from Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs) measures named institutions from the World Bank. Furthermore, measures of public-sector budgeting are evaluated in which public-sector budgeting is classified according to the legislative power of the purse and budget transparency.

Findings

Generally, findings reveal that institutions mediate the relationship among national cultural variables and budgeting at the national level. By that means, budgeting in a given nation is linked to the nation's supporting institutions which, in turn, are influenced by the national culture of those who maintain them. Particularly, power distance and uncertainty avoidance impact budgeting through the full mediation of institutions.

Research limitations/implications

The World Bank's database used for the institutions contained over 200 countries (Kaufmannet al., 2007); the GLOBE cultural database (Houseet al., 2004) contained data for 62 societies; the public-sector budgeting (Qi and Mensah, 2011) included power of the purse and budgeting transparency country scores for 49 countries and the datasets comprised 31 nations, mostly from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. While smaller than we would have preferred, the size is consistent with other international studies (for instance: Waldmanet al., 2006; Kwok and Tadesse, 2006).

Practical implications

The findings of the paper suggest that any plan to improve a nation's budgeting should consider the links between budgeting, supporting institutions and the culture of those that run them. The formal adoption of new methods and standards by supporting institutions may not be enough without accompanying efforts to transform national culture.

Originality/value

The theoretical contribution of the paper is discussed further in the paper.
Serial crowdfunding in start-up development: a business network view
Authors: Fortezza Fulvio , Pagano Alessandro , Bocconcelli Roberta
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Even though the crowdfunding (CF) literature is rapidly reaching its maturity phase, the topic of serial CF (i.e. the participation in more than one CF campaign) is as much promising as still largely under explored. This study thus aims to offer a thorough view of the dynamic and complex processes characterizing the participation of the start-ups to more than one campaign adopting a business network perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

In line with an explorative research aim, a multiple case study analysis is performed by taking into consideration four start-ups engaged in more than one CF campaigns with different combinations of equity and non-equity CF, adopting the actor–resource–activity (ARA) model as theoretical framework.

Findings

Multiple CF campaigns are embedded in the overall changing startup’s network and are affected by the concurrent and overlapping startup’s development processes. From this standpoint, the adoption of the ARA model suggests to reconsider the “serial” dimension of multiple CF campaigns. These processes can be more or less “linear” as they could be affected by the combination of CF schemes and by the degree of alignment of actors, activities and resources, whose “assembly” can be facilitated by learning processes and impaired by unexpected circumstances.

Originality/value

This paper explores in depth the startup’s serial CF journey, building on recent studies calling for stronger analyses of the directions and outcomes of innovative funding trajectories pursued and implemented by new business ventures. From this standpoint, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to consider a complete spectrum of combinations between CF schemes within serial CF, thus allowing for a better understanding of the role of such a factor within a dynamic and contextual view, that is, that offered by the business network perspective. This paper also contributes to the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing research on start-ups.
The role of sustainability control systems in translating CSR into performance in Iran
Authors: Asiaei Kaveh , Bontis Nick , Barani Omid , Moghaddam Majid , Sidhu Jasvinder
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore the extent to which companies rely on sustainability management control systems (SMCS) to translate corporate social responsibility (CSR) into superior performance building upon the premise of the natural resource orchestration perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected based on a survey data set from 118 Chief Financial Officers of publicly listed companies in Iran. The theoretical model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM, SmartPLS 3.0) as a method that enjoys minimum demands concerning normality assumptions and sample size.

Findings

The findings support the full mediation effect of SMCS on the relationship between CSR and organizational performance. This implies that CSR affects performance only through the mediating role of SMCS.

Practical implications

The central premise in the proposed theoretical framework is that the utilization of proper management control mechanisms (i.e. SMCS) can help the organization to better synchronize, measure and manage – i.e. “orchestrate” – the social, environmental and economic impacts, and this, in turn, leads to improved organizational performance.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, building on a unique synthesis of the agency cost perspective and resource orchestration theory, to introduce the “natural resource orchestration” approach for examining the intervening role of SMCS between CSR and organizational performance.
Chemometric analysis of the volatile profile in peduncles of cashew clones and its correlation with sensory attributes
Authors: de Freitas Ailane S. , Magalhães Hilton Cesar R. , Alves Filho Elenilson G. , Garruti Deborah dos S.
Published: November 2021

Cashew apple, the hypertrophied peduncle of cashew nut, is a functional food with a high antioxidant activity and with good characteristics for juice industrialization and fresh consumption such as fleshy pulp, soft peel, without seeds, and exotic flavor. However, it is still poorly used or totally wasted. For this reason, the quality of cashew apples has received more attention from the Brazilian breeding program to maximize their uses. In this study, the volatile compound profiles of peduncles of seven cashew clones and their relation to the aroma and flavor differences were investigated. Nine trained panelists evaluated the cashew apples by descriptive analysis. After the standardization of headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) extraction and chromatographic conditions, the volatile organic compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). A total of 48 compounds were identified with esters being the major chemical class, both in number of compounds and chromatographic peak area. The targeted and untargeted principal component analysis (PCA) analyses showed complementary and corroborative results from the cashew apple volatile composition based on genotype. The partial least squares (PLS) modeling revealed the high correlation of the unpleasant sensory attributes with the PRO805 and CAPI17 clones; sweet taste and sweet odor with the CCP76 clone; and cashew aroma/cashew flavor with the EMBRAPA51, HAC276, PRO555, and SLC12.20 clones. The correlation between the most relevant volatile organic compounds (VOC) for cashew apples and the sensory descriptors showed that the compounds methyl butanoate, methyl 3‐methylbutanoate, ethyl 2‐methylbutanoate, methyl 2‐butenoate, methyl 3‐methylpentanoate, 3‐carene, methyl (E)‐2‐methyl‐2‐butenoate, ethyl 4‐methylpentanoate, 2‐hexenal, butyl 3‐methylbutanoate, butyl pentanoate, and 3‐methyl butanoic acid were important to explain differences in the characteristic fruit aroma and flavor of cashew apples among the studied clones.

Practical Application

Cashew crops have been developed by using improved clones with increased nut productivity and resistance to diseases. The Brazilian genetic improvement program is also seeking to improve the quality of peduncles to maximize their use and prevent their destination as agricultural waste. In this study, the volatile profile of peduncles of seven cashew clones was determined and its correlation with the differences in their aroma and flavor attributes established. The results will provide important information about the potential of the new materials for fresh consumption and for the manufacturing of cashew juices, in addition to be used by breeders interested in improving the aroma of the fruit.
Trans and White Trash: An Ethnography of Trans People in the Deep South
Authors: Capello Elias
Published: November 2021

In this article, I use queer ethnographic and autoethnographic methods to tell a story of how white trash trans people in the Deep South imagine futures amid a haunted colonial landscape. In conversation with feminist and decolonial theoretical frameworks of haunting and potential history, I show that trauma narratives haunt trans people in Louisiana and that trans trauma narratives are an artifact of settler colonialism. In contrast, I situate stories of trans people in the Deep South as multifaceted radical potential histories.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and rehabilitation in patients with COVID‐19: A scoping review
Authors: Polastri Massimiliano , Swol Justyna , Loforte Antonio , Dell’Amore Andrea
Published: November 2021

Background and purpose

The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic posed severe difficulties in managing critically ill patients in hospital care settings. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support has been proven to be lifesaving support during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak. The purpose of this review was to describe the rehabilitative treatments provided to patients undergoing ECMO support during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Scopus for English‐language studies published from the databases’ inception until June 30, 2021. We excluded editorials, letters to the editor, and studies that did not describe rehabilitative procedures during ECMO support. We also excluded those articles not written in English.

Results

A total of 50 articles were identified. We ultimately included nine studies, seven of which were case reports. Only two studies had more than one patient; an observational design analyzing the clinical course of 19 patients and a case series of three patients. Extracorporeal support duration varied from 9 to 49 days, and the primary indication was acute respiratory distress syndrome COVID‐19‐related. Rehabilitative treatment mainly consisted of in‐bed mobilization, postural transfers (including sitting), and respiratory exercises. After hospital discharge, patients were referred to rehabilitation facilities. Physiotherapeutic interventions provided during ECMO support and after its discontinuation were feasible and safe.

Conclusion

The physiotherapeutic treatment of patients undergoing ECMO support includes several components and must be provided in a multidisciplinary context. The optimal approach depends on the patient’s status, including sedation, level of consciousness, ECMO configuration, types of cannulas, and cannulation site.
Investigation of the effect of pork compositions on freezing points in different pork cuts by measuring thermal properties and water mobility and distribution
Authors: Bai Yun , Guo Yiping , Ding Daming , Ye Keping
Published: November 2021

This work was to compare the difference of freezing point in the four pork cuts (chuck roll, picnic shoulder, loin, and topside) and evaluate the effect of pork compositions on the freezing points. Loin exhibited lower freezing points and accompanied by higher content of unfreezable water, lower relaxation times, and higher proportions of bound water, compared with other pork cuts. Low freezing points of pork may be attributed to high sarcoplasmic protein solubility, due to high sarcoplasmic protein solubility related to increase of bound water proportion and decrease of NMR T2 relaxometry. In addition, correlation analysis revealed that sarcoplasmic protein solubility and ash content were negatively related to the freezing point, which was verified by a quadratic polynomial correlation between the sarcoplasmic protein solubility and the freezing point in vitro. These results could help to better understand the freezing point of pork and provide more theories for improving superchilled storage.
Predictive value of different bilirubin subtypes for clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving thrombolysis therapy
Authors: Peng Qiwei , Bi Rentang , Chen Shengcai , Chen Jiefang , Li Zhifang , Li Jianzhuang , Jin Huijuan , Hu Bo
Published: November 2021

Aims

To explore the association of total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) levels with, as well as the incremental predictive value of different bilirubin subtypes for, poor outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients after thrombolysis.

Methods

We analyzed 588 individuals out of 718 AIS participants, and all patients were followed up at 3 months after thrombolysis. The primary outcome was 3‐month death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3–6). The secondary outcomes were 3‐month mortality (mRS score of 6), moderate‐severe cerebral edema, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), respectively.

Results

Elevated DBIL pre‐thrombolysis was associated with an increased risk of primary outcome (OR 3.228; 95% CI 1.595–6.535; p for trend = 0.014) after fully adjustment. Elevated TBIL pre‐thrombolysis showed the similar results (OR 2.185; 95% CI 1.111–4.298; p for trend = 0.047), while IBIL pre‐thrombolysis was not significantly associated with primary outcome (OR 1.895; 95% CI 0.974–3.687; p for trend = 0.090). Multivariable‐adjusted spline regression model showed a positive linear dose‐response relationship between DBIL pre‐thrombolysis and risk of primary outcome (p for linearity = 0.004). Adding DBIL pre‐thrombolysis into conventional model had greater incremental predictive value for primary outcome, with net reclassification improvement (NRI) 95% CI = 0.275 (0.084–0.466) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) 95% CI = 0.011 (0.001–0.024). Increased DBIL post‐thrombolysis had an association with primary outcome (OR 2.416; 95%CI 1.184–4.930; p for trend = 0.039), and it also elevated the incremental predictive value for primary outcome, with NRI (95% CI) = 0.259 (0.066–0.453) and IDI (95% CI) = 0.025 (0.008–0.043).

Conclusion

Increased DBIL pre‐thrombolysis had a stronger association with, as well as greater incremental predictive value for, poor outcomes than TBIL and IBIL did in AIS patients after thrombolysis, which should be understood in the context of retrospective design. The effect of DBIL on targeted populations should be investigated in further researches.
Adherence to and persistence with antidiabetic medications and associations with clinical and economic outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic literature review
Authors: Evans Marc , Engberg Susanne , Faurby Mads , Fernandes João Diogo Da Rocha , Hudson Pollyanna , Polonsky William
Published: November 2021

We designed a systematic literature review to identify available evidence on adherence to and persistence with antidiabetic medication in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Electronic screening and congress searches identified real‐world noninterventional studies (published between 2010 and October 2020) reporting estimates of adherence to and persistence with antidiabetic medication in adults with T2D, and associations with glycaemic control, microvascular and/or macrovascular complications, hospitalizations and healthcare costs. Ninety‐two relevant studies were identified, the majority of which were retrospective and reported US data. The proportions of patients considered adherent (median [range] 51.2% [9.4%‐84.3%]) or persistent (median [range] 47.7% [16.9%‐94.0%]) varied widely across studies. Multiple studies reported an association between greater adherence/persistence and greater reductions in glycated haemoglobin levels. Better adherence/persistence was associated with fewer microvascular and/or macrovascular outcomes, although there was little consistency across studies in terms of which outcomes were improved. More adherent and more persistent patients were typically less likely to be hospitalized or to have emergency department visits/admissions and spent fewer days in hospital annually than less adherent/persistent patients. Greater adherence and persistence were generally associated with lower hospitalization costs, higher pharmacy costs and lower or budget‐neutral total healthcare costs compared with lower adherence/persistence. In conclusion, better adherence and persistence in people with T2D is associated with lower rates of microvascular and/or macrovascular outcomes and inpatient hospitalization, and lower or budget‐neutral total healthcare expenditure. Education and treatment strategies to address suboptimal adherence and persistence are needed to improve clinical and economic outcomes.
Sensor data fusion for the industrial artificial intelligence of things
Authors: Djenouri Youcef , Belhadi Asma , Srivastava Gautam , Houssein Essam H. , Lin Jerry Chun‐Wei
Published: November 2021

The emergence of smart sensors, artificial intelligence, and deep learning technologies yield artificial intelligence of things, also known as the AIoT. Sophisticated cooperation of these technologies is vital for the effective processing of industrial sensor data. This paper introduces a new framework for addressing the different challenges of the AIoT applications. The proposed framework is an intelligent combination of multi‐agent systems, knowledge graphs and deep learning. Deep learning architectures are used to create models from different sensor‐based data. Multi‐agent systems can be used for simulating the collective behaviours of the smart sensors using IoT settings. The communication among different agents is realized by integrating knowledge graphs. Different optimizations based on constraint satisfaction as well as evolutionary computation are also investigated. Experimental analysis is undertaken to compare the methodology presented to state‐of‐the‐art AIoT technologies. We show through experimentation that our designed framework achieves good performance compared to baseline solutions.
Mass mortalities associated with viral nervous necrosis in Murray cod in China
Authors: Wang Yifan , Xu Liwen , Ma Weixiang , Sun Heng , Huang Zengchao , Cai Shuanghu , Jian Jichang , Huang Yucong
Published: November 2021

In December 2019, a mass mortality among cultured Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) fry occurred on a freshwater farm located at Foshan city of Guangdong province, China. The cumulative mortality was up to 45% within 15 days. The diseased fish showed clinical signs, including abnormal swimming behaviour, loss of appetite and dark body colouration before mass mortality. Samples of brain and retina tissues were collected from affected fish and subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction detection and virus isolation in cell culture. Approximately 430 bp product was detected from the brain and retina tissues and culture supernatant of betanodavirus‐infected SSN‐1 cells. The typical cytopathic effect of betanodavirus infection, which is characterized by vacuolation, was observed in SSN‐1 cells at three days after inoculating with the tissue filtrate of diseased Murry cod fry, and the TCID50 of the infected SSN‐1 cell supernatant was 107.8. Histopathological examinations revealed vacuolation and necrosis in the brain and retina of naturally and experimentally infected Murray cod fry. Electron microscopic observation also showed the aggregation of numerous spherical, non‐enveloped viral particles measuring 22–28 nm in diameter in the cytoplasm of betanodavirus‐infected SSN‐1 cells. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp and Cp genes further indicated that the betanodavirus isolated from Murray cod belonged to the RGNNV genotype. Much higher mortality was obtained in challenged Murray cod fry compared with the controls through immersion challenge. This study is the first report of the natural infection of betanodavirus in freshwater fish in China.
Combined effects of elevated rearing temperature and dietary energy level on heart morphology and growth performance of Tasmanian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Foddai Marco , Carter Chris G. , Hilder Pollyanna E. , Gurr Harley , Ruff Nicole
Published: November 2021

Cardiac abnormalities may pose a threat to salmonid aquaculture due to their potential detrimental effect on fish health and welfare. The teleost heart is an extremely plastic organ with important morphological differences between wild and farmed fish that include ventricular shape, alignment of the bulbus arteriosus and epicardial fat deposition. However, little is known about how different factors and interactions among them may affect cardiac morphology of Atlantic salmon. To determine whether rearing temperature could induce cardiac malformations in large Tasmanian Atlantic salmon, we examined a range of cardiac morphology indicators and growth parameters in a population of 1–2 kg seawater salmon (n = 60 temperature−1 diet−1) exposed to control and elevated temperatures of 15 and 19°C, respectively, while fed one of two commercial feeds with different dietary energy levels. Most fish possessed conspicuous fat around the heart with a tendency towards a rounded ventricle and a more obtuse angle of the bulbus arteriosus. However, fish showed no significant differences in heart shape and bulbus alignment in relation to water temperature and dietary energy. These results suggest that cardiac morphology of large Atlantic salmon is unlikely to be affected by rearing temperature and dietary energy during the grow‐out phase.
Multidimensional factors affecting homebound older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Lee JuHee , Suh Yujin , Kim Yielin
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To systematically identify the multidimensional factors affecting homebound older adults.

Design

Systematic review.

Methods

We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from inception to November 15, 2020. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis guidelines. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross‐Sectional Studies was used for quality assessment.

Findings

Nineteen studies met the review criteria; the studies were either cross‐sectional or longitudinal. Most studies have focused on personal factors affecting homebound older adults. The individual construct consisted of demographic, biological, psychological, functional, and health‐related factors. The structural construct included architectural, environmental, community, and social factors. Based on the different definitions of homebound used in the studies, the prevalence of homebound status ranged from 3.5% to 39.8%.

Conclusions

The prevalence of homebound status among older adults varied depending on how homebound was defined. Homebound status is the interaction between the individual and structural constructs. Variations in cultural, political, and economic conditions could influence homebound status across countries over time. Comprehensive assessment and interventions for homebound older adults based on multidisciplinary approaches are recommended for nurses.

Clinical relevance

This research will impact the development of nursing strategies to screen homebound older adults and provide targeted preventive interventions so that older adults with many risk factors do not become homebound.
The politics of the production of knowledge on trauma: the Grenfell Tower Inquiry
Authors: OHANA NATALIE
Published: November 2021

Through an analysis of data obtained from research carried out with the bereaved families of Grenfell Tower and residents of North Kensington, this article demonstrates that the Grenfell community's knowledge on the causes that led to the fire is being systematically excluded by the Inquiry. The article discusses the four main ways in which this is happening. Through its exclusionary practices, the Inquiry is representing a diversion from the principles set by the Hillsborough Independent Panel and the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry and is creating conditions that will impede its ability to fulfil the purpose for which it was established. By linking Foucault's power/knowledge theory and critical trauma studies, it is demonstrated that the Inquiry is reflecting a central dynamic that exists in processes of knowledge production on trauma. The lens of knowledge known to people who have undergone trauma is recognized as a critical research tool in revealing legal mechanisms of knowledge exclusion.
cis‐prenyltransferase 3 and α/β‐hydrolase are new determinants of dolichol accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gawarecka Katarzyna , Siwinska Joanna , Poznanski Jaroslaw , Onysk Agnieszka , Surowiecki Przemyslaw , Sztompka Karolina , Surmacz Liliana , Ahn Ji Hoon , Korte Arthur , Swiezewska Ewa , Ihnatowicz Anna
Published: November 2021

Dolichols (Dols), ubiquitous components of living organisms, are indispensable for cell survival. In plants, as well as other eukaryotes, Dols are crucial for post‐translational protein glycosylation, aberration of which leads to fatal metabolic disorders in humans and male sterility in plants. Until now, the mechanisms underlying Dol accumulation remain elusive. In this study, we have analysed the natural variation of the accumulation of Dols and six other isoprenoids among more than 120 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Subsequently, by combining QTL and GWAS approaches, we have identified several candidate genes involved in the accumulation of Dols, polyprenols, plastoquinone and phytosterols. The role of two genes implicated in the accumulation of major Dols in Arabidopsis—the AT2G17570 gene encoding a long searched for cis‐prenyltransferase (CPT3) and the AT1G52460 gene encoding an α/β‐hydrolase—is experimentally confirmed. These data will help to generate Dol‐enriched plants which might serve as a remedy for Dol‐deficiency in humans.