bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning algorithms accurately identify free-living marine nematode species
Authors: Brito de Jesus Simone , Vieira Danilo , Gheller Paula , Cunha Beatriz P. , Gallucci Fabiane , Fonseca Gustavo
Published: October 2023

Background

Identifying species, particularly small metazoans, remains a daunting challenge and the phylum Nematoda is no exception. Typically, nematode species are differentiated based on morphometry and the presence or absence of certain characters. However, recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning (ML) algorithms, offer promising solutions for automating species identification, mostly in taxonomically complex groups. By training ML models with extensive datasets of accurately identified specimens, the models can learn to recognize patterns in nematodes’ morphological and morphometric features. This enables them to make precise identifications of newly encountered individuals. Implementing ML algorithms can improve the speed and accuracy of species identification and allow researchers to efficiently process vast amounts of data. Furthermore, it empowers non-taxonomists to make reliable identifications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of ML algorithms in identifying species of free-living marine nematodes, focusing on two well-known genera: Acantholaimus Allgén, 1933 and Sabatieria Rouville, 1903.

Methods

A total of 40 species of Acantholaimus and 60 species of Sabatieria were considered. The measurements and identifications were obtained from the original publications of species for both genera, this compilation included information regarding the presence or absence of specific characters, as well as morphometric data. To assess the performance of the species identification four ML algorithms were employed: Random Forest (RF), Stochastic Gradient Boosting (SGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM) with both linear and radial kernels, and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms.

Results

For both genera, the random forest (RF) algorithm demonstrated the highest accuracy in correctly classifying specimens into their respective species, achieving an accuracy rate of 93% for Acantholaimus and 100% for Sabatieria, only a single individual from Acantholaimus of the test data was misclassified.

Conclusion

These results highlight the overall effectiveness of ML algorithms in species identification. Moreover, it demonstrates that the identification of marine nematodes can be automated, optimizing biodiversity and ecological studies, as well as turning species identification more accessible, efficient, and scalable. Ultimately it will contribute to our understanding and conservation of biodiversity.
Analyzing the path of Resource-based and Dynamic Capabilities Theories for explaining the differentiated performance of firms
Authors: De Montreuil Carmona Linda Jessica
Published: October 2023

Analyzed both separately and jointly, Resource-Based Theory (RBT) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) have been considered leading approaches focused on analyzing the performance of firms in dynamic market environments. Thus, the objective of this systematic literature review was to analyze the theoretical-epistemological trajectory of RBT and DCT in relation to performance and generation of competitive advantage, using six decades of scientific production, initially selecting a set of 939 articles and after filtering by thematic adherence and relevance, in a sample of 58 papers. The study of theories based on resources and capabilities becomes relevant due to the increase in the complexity of the corporate scenario, where new systems of production, innovation and technology, consumption, and exchange emerge every day, reaching the interests of the firm, its stakeholders, and markets. This article intends to serve as a guide for academics interested in both theories, as it is a theoretical body widely used in the Academy of Management, relevant due to its maturity in the area of Strategy.
Capacidade Absortiva em Negócios Sociais
Authors: Da Silva Franklin Menezes
Published: October 2023

O Brasil tem uma grande população de pessoas com deficiência (PcD) que vem crescendo nos últimos anos (IBGE, 2010). Muitos negócios com caráter social e lógica de mercado utilizam-se da oportunidade encontrada na demanda das pessoas com deficiência para desenvolver produtos ou serviços para a população com deficiência. Assim, levanta-se a proposição de que as dimensões da capacidade absortiva (CA), aquisição, assimilação, transformação e exploração de conhecimento externo podem potencializar o desenvolvimento de tecnologia assistiva (TA) e contribuir para o atendimento das necessidades sociais e inclusivas da população com deficiência. Neste contexto, o estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as dimensões da CA em negócios sociais (NS) que desenvolvam TA. Para efeito deste estudo, NS engloba os empreendimentos que geram impacto social. O método utilizado foi o estudo de casos com gestores dos NS. Expansão e Alfa (nome fictício). Como contribuição para o avanço do conhecimento, destaca-se a identificação de propriedades descritoras do construto CA em processos de desenvolvimento de TA em NS.
FUNDAMENTOS NORTEADORES DA PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO ESTATÍSTICA CRÍTICA
Authors: Pereira Fernanda Angelo , Silva Mauren Porciúncula Moreira da
Published: October 2023

Apresentamos um Mapa Teórico a respeito do tema Educação Estatística Crítica (EEC). Isto pois, tivemos por objetivo de identificar as bases teóricas da EEC, bem como nos situar em relação às investigações que se apoiam nessa temática. As fontes de buscas foram os principais repositórios de artigos, dissertações e teses do Brasil, além de eventos específicos da área. Para a análise, foram recuperadas, até julho de 2022, 24 pesquisas. As reflexões proporcionadas por esses trabalhos permitiram identificar conceitos e teorias, entendidas por nós como os fundamentos da EEC. Percebemos o quanto a pesquisa com base na EEC evoluiu a partir do estudo de Celso Campos e a sua influência nas investigações sobre o tema. As pesquisas fora do cenário brasileiro agregaram contribuições a partir de propostas para uma formação crítica no contexto da EE, que é o caso do letramento estatístico crítico, que nos mostra como a EEC pode ser concebida em outros ambientes de investigação.
Designing and Validation of e-module on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)
Authors: Prashant  , Sangeetha V.  , Chaithra N. R.
Published: October 2023

There is less awareness about health and nutrition problems and at the same time lack of availability of relevant and credible modules for ready reference for the needy people in India. This has aggravated the health and nutrition problems among rural women. The very low ratio of extension workers to farmers is aggravating the problem of knowledge transfer through the traditional system, so e-learning which is supported by growing connectivity and increased penetration of electronics in rural India can be used as an alternative solution to give faster and easily accessible information to the rural women, hence e module was developed using Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2013, e-learning module was created. The module was published as a CD-ROM. The module was validated through the sample group of researchers using the validation tool conceived by Vijayragavan and Singh [1] adapted for research purposes. Validation is done using four parameters, out of 4 parameters content and design were ranked first with a mean score of 3.88, followed by the satisfaction of felt information need with a mean score of 3.85. It was found that the utility of content and ease of understanding were scored low by the experts when compared to the content and satisfaction of the need for felt information. However, in absolute terms, all the parameters had a mean score of more than 3.5 indicating high acceptability of the complete module.
Core Skills and Competencies for Inclusion in the Curriculum for Effective Performance of Extension Professionals
Authors: Shivamurthy M. , Madhushree A. , Prabhakar Itigi
Published: October 2023

Changing situations and developments in agriculture in the 21st century demands extension workers to be equipped with a diverse set of competencies. Extension workers’ ability to adapt, communicate effectively and combine technical expertise with participatory approaches can significantly influence their job performance and ultimately, contribute to the growth and sustainability of the agriculture industry. Hence, an attempt has been made to know the level of need of core skills and competencies required for extension professionals to perform their job effectively. A scale was developed to measure the level of need of the skills and competencies thatan agricultural extension professional requires to perform their tasks. Twelve broad areas of skills and competencies required for agricultural extension professionals were identified and grouped. Professionals presently working in Karnataka State Department of Agriculture, Karnataka State Department of Horticulture and Coffee Board are considered as respondents. The results revealed that soft skills were ranked first, followed by entrepreneurship development skills and communication skills. Planning and designing need based programs, building teamwork skills, agricultural value chain extension, use of modern communication methods and AV aids, use of computer applications, monitoring and evaluation of extension programs, designing training programs, problem solving skills, knowledge on subject matter concepts, motivating farmers, innovativeness and stress management are the individual skills ranked first respectively on the listed twelve broad areas of skills and competencies. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that equipping extension workers with the necessary skills during their undergraduate and postgraduate education is crucial to ensure they are well-prepared to meet the evolving demands of the agriculture industry. By reorienting and enhancing the curriculum, agricultural universities and institutions can play a significant role in developing competent extension professionals.
Do phosphogypsum combined with Organic Amendments improve Rice Growth in a Saline Environment?
Authors: Sagna Yves Paterne , Diedhiou Sire , Goudiaby Arfang Ousmane Kemo , Diatta Yaya , Diallo Mariama Dalanda , Ndoye Ibrahima , Fall Saliou
Published: October 2023

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of organo-mineral amendments on rice growth under saline stress conditions.

Study Design: A 3x8 factorial block design was adopted, with 3 concentration levels: 0, 1.94 and 3.88 g/l NaCl and 8 different amendments: control, phosphogypsum (Phos), compost (C), biochar (B), Phos+C, Phos+B, B+C and Phos+B+C. This system was repeated 3 times in 3 blocks. Organics amendments were applied at a rate of 5 kg/m² and 0,2 kg/m² for phosphogypsum.

Place and Duration of Study: The trial was conducted from April to June 2021 on the farm of the Agroforestry Department of the Assane SECK University of Ziguinchor, located at 12°32 - 88' N, 16°17 - 23' W, in the Ziguinchor region.

Methodology: After two months of cultivation under semi-controlled conditions, growth parameters were measured. In fact, the survival rate is obtained by counting the number of plants that have survived, and the height of the plants is determined using a graduated ruler. The number of tillers was obtained by counting the number of branches and the diameter using a caliper at the base of the crown. Root and above-ground biomass were determined by weighing the plants after 72 hours of oven-drying at 70°C.

Results: For the amended treatments, plant survival rate was 100% compared with unamended controls, where plant survival decreased with increasing salinity, with rate of 96, 80 and 70% corresponding to 0; 1,94 and 3,88 g/l NaCl respectively. The number of tillers, crown diameter and above-ground and root biomass of the plants were significantly higher (pr < 0,001) for compost amendments alone (C) and those combined with compost: B+C, Phos+C, Phos+B+C, regardless of the salinity level.

Conclusion: The combined use of organic and chemical amendments could enable farmers to restore salinity-affected soils and improve rice growth.
Comparative Study on Carbon Footprint Assessment of Rice-Wheat Production System
Authors: Kurmi Ramkishor , Lande Satish Devram , Kurmi Jagdeesh , Chowdhury Manojit , Singh Chandu , Kumar Pradeep
Published: October 2023

The carbon footprint is a robust tool to guide sustainable food production system. It is widely accepted as an indicator of GHGs emissions and their impact on global warming. An assessment was undertaken to measure the carbon footprint (CF) of rice-wheat production for two different locations i.e., Damoh (L1) and Ludhiana (L2), comes under central plateau and hill region, and Trans-Gangetic plain region of India, respectively. Further, variability in CF among these two climatically diversified regions having different soil type and management practices was analysed and compared. Results showed that, CF per unit area of rice and wheat production was obtained as 0.497 t Ce/ha and 0.481 t Ce/ha, respectively. Key contributors to CF were nitrogen fertilizer and energy use (diesel for tillage, sowing, harvesting and transport, and electricity for irrigation) for both crops in both regions. Nitrogen fertilizer comprised 27% and 31% of CF in rice, and 30% and 42% in wheat, for L1 and L2, respectively. Diesel and electric energy contributed 36% and 18% (rice, L1), 26% and 27% (rice, L2), 32% and 30% (wheat, L1), and 30% and 18% (wheat, L2). As the contributing factors to the CF vary between regions, mitigation strategies that account for regional diversity are likely to yield greater effectiveness than approaches solely focused on the country level.
Assessing Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotype Yields and Yield Traits with Different Planting Geometries on Broad Bed and Furrows
Authors: Nisani Hussain Basha , Sawargaonkar Gajanan , Kamdi Prasad Jairam , Gade Kiran Reddy
Published: October 2023

A field study on “Assessing Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotype yields and yield traits with different planting geometries on broad bed and furrows” was conducted during rabi season of 2022 in the experimental field at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design with three replications. Total 16 treatment combinations consisted of four planting geometries (P1) 30 × 10 cm, (P2) 15:15 × 10 cm, (P3) 20:20 × 10 cm, (P4) 25:25 × 10 cm and four varieties (V1) Girnar 4, (V2) Girnar 5, (V3) Avtar, (V4) K6. The important findings emerged from this investigation found that groundnut sown at the spacing of (P4) 25:25 × 10 cm recorded significantly higher number of pods plant-1 (33.0), kernels pod-1 (2.0), test weight (38.7 g), shelling percentage (67.1%), pod yield (1792 kg ha-1) followed by (P3) 20:20 × 10 cm, (P4) 30 × 10 cm and (P2) 15:15 × 10 cm. The genotype V2 (Girnar 5) performed best in yield and yield contributing characteristics than other genotypes and it was on par with V1 (Girnar 4). Hence, our results concluded that (P4) 25:25 × 10 cm spacing, performing best with (V2) Girnar 5 and (V1) Girnar 4 varieties.
Evaluation of the Growth Parameters with Respect to Bio-control Agents with Chemical Fungicides against Cercospora Leaf Spot of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Moench
Authors: Sarangi Debashree , Panigrahi Chandan Kumar
Published: October 2023

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the fore most vegetable crop grown during kharif as well as summer seasons. Cercospora leaf spot incited by Cercospora spp. is one of the emerging disease in all regions wherever okra is grown. C. abelmoschi causes sooty black, angular spots and cause severe defoliation common during humid seasons. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of bioagents and chemicals viz., T0 – Untreated control,T1 Mancozeb (1%) + Trichoderma (4%), T2 - Mancozeb (1%) + Pseudomonas (4%), T3 Mancozeb (1%) + Bacillus subtilis (4%), T4 - Mancozeb (1%) + Trichoderma(2%) + Pseudomonas(2%) ,T5 - Mancozeb (1%) + Pseudomonas (2%) + Bacillus subtilis (2%), T6 Mancozeb (1%) + Bacillus subtilis (2%) + Trichoderma (2%), T7 - Mancozeb (1%) against Cercospora leaf spot of okra. Studies revealed that minimum disease intensity , Maximum plant height , maximum no. of branches per plant and Maximum no. of fruits was observed in T4 - Mancozeb (1%) + Trichoderma (2%) + Pseudomonas (2%) and is hereby considered as the best treatment.
Advancing LGBTQI+ Inclusive Research Practices
Authors: Ben-Arieh Amy , McIntire Will , Baker Kellan E. , Streed Carl G.
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses the recommendations of the Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Human Research Protection on creating a more equitable and representative body of research with improved inclusion of LGBTQI+ participants, overcoming disconnection between institutional review boards and research sites, and addressing potential bias among institutional review board members.
Cross‐Scale Imperfect Data‐Based Composite H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ Control of Nonlinear Two‐Time‐Scale Systems
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Yu Mengjun , Feng Kun , Li Gonghe , Zhou Linna , Wang Haoyu , Yang Chunyu
Published: January 2025

Utilizing the cross‐scale imperfect data, the reinforcement learning (RL) composite control of nonlinear two‐time‐scale (TTS) systems is proposed in the presence of unknown slow dynamics. First, with the feat of singular perturbation theory (SPT), the original control problem is decomposed and rearranged into standard fast and slow subproblems that have no cross terms between state, control and disturbance in the performance indices. Then, since the states of decomposed fast and slow subsystems cannot be measured perfectly, the state reconstruction mechanism is proposed based on the input‐state data of the original system, and cross‐scale information interaction is incorporated to correct the bias induced by the time‐scale decomposition. Cross‐scale composite RL algorithm is proposed with the slow and fast controllers designed in separate time scales. Next, the stability and performance of the TTS systems under the composite controller is analyzed considering the data inaccuracy of state reconstruction. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in the control application to the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system.
Hierarchically Porous SnO2/Cu Composites via Freeze Casting and Selective Cu Reduction
Authors: Fandré Jean Pascal , Pennell Samuel , Ramesh Sapna Lalitha , Lopez Jeffrey , Spolenak Ralph , Dunand David Christophe
Published: January 2025

Lamellar SnO2/Cu foams are created by directional freeze casting of SnO2/CuO slurries followed by liquid phase sintering and subsequent hydrogen reduction to achieve a two‐phase, interpenetrating SnO2‐30 vol% Cu lamellar structure. The resulting SnO2/Cu foams exhibit both lamellar channels (millimeters in length) from the freeze‐casting step and submicron porosity within the Cu phase from the reduction step. This hierarchical microstructure provides increased electronic conductivity relative to unmodified SnO2. When applied as a negative electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the interaction between the mesoporous Cu phase and embedded SnO2 enables the conversion reaction of the SnO2 and Li to become reversible, improving the capacity of the electrode. However, the lamellar structure is ultimately unable to accommodate the expansion of the Sn during lithiation, resulting in a breakdown of the architecture during cycling.
Prussian Blue Derived High‐Entropy Alloy Catalysts for Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Qiu Weiye , Guo Ying , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3RR) to ammonia is a promising method for treating nitrate pollutant and potentially replacing the Haber‐Bosch process for ammonia production. High‐entropy nanoalloys (HEAs) show significant potential in catalyzing NO₃RR due to their compositional diversity, which results in a unique “cocktail” effect beneficial for the multistep NO3RR process. Herein, a high‐entropy alloy catalyst consisting of Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, and Fe elements is prepared through the pyrolysis of a high‐entropy Prussian blue precursor. After optimizing the elemental proportions, the Fe HEA catalyst exhibits exceptional NO3RR activity with an NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 92% and a yield rate of 3.25 mg h−1 cm−2. Moreover, the electrochemical hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) is applied to construct a NO3RR‐HZOR flow cell. This cell system not only produces NH3, but also generates electricity, achieving a peak power density of 1.32 mW cm−2. Theoretical investigations show that the excellent performance of HEA can be attributed to the “cocktail” effect induced by multi‐element composition, which results in a lower work function and a negative shifting of the d band center, thus favoring the charge transfer and hydrogenation process of NO3RR. This work highlights the remarkable potential of HEAs for multistep chemical production and expands their applications in energy conversion and electrosynthesis.
Freestanding BaTiO3‐Au Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite toward Flexible Multi‐Sensing Platform
Authors: Tsai Benson Kunhung , Huang Jialong , Yu Ya‐Ching , Lee Meng Hao , Stegman Benjamin Thomas , Flores Emiliano Joseph , Tong Patrick Zhang , Xu Ke , Zhou Shiyu , Shen Jianan , Song Jiawei , Zhang Yizhi , Stanciu Lia , Wu Wenzhuo , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan
Published: January 2025

Flexible and wearable sensors show enormous potential for personalized healthcare devices by real‐time monitoring of an individual's health. Typically, a single functional material is selected for one sensor to sense a particular physical signal while multiple materials will be selected for multi‐mode sensing. Vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs) have recently demonstrated various material combinations and novel coupled multifunctionalities that are hard to achieve in any single‐phase material alone, including multiphase multiferroics, magneto‐optic coupling, and strong magnetic and optical anisotropy. Integrating these novel VANs into wearable sensors shows enormous potential in multi‐mode sensing owing to their multifunctional nature. In this work, the transfer of VANs onto polydimethylsiloxane as a novel flexible chemical and pressure sensor is demonstrated. For this demonstration, the classical BaTiO3 ‐Au VAN with combined plasmonic and piezoelectric properties is used to demonstrate a multi‐sensing mechanism. A thin water‐soluble buffer of Sr3Al2O6 serves as a buffer layer for the epitaxial growth and transfer process. The electrical output based on the piezoelectric responses and identifying 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy reveal great potential for free‐standing VANs in a wearable multifunctional sensing platform.
An Unconventional Seawater Acceleration Effect Enables High‐Spin Cobalt Sites for Industrial‐Level Seawater Electrooxidation
Authors: Sun Yuntong , Li Yinghao , Dai Liming , Sui Nicole L. D. , Fan Wenjun , Zhou Yingtang , Zhu Junwu , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: January 2025

Catalytic seawater electrolysis is a valuable renewable energy generation process. However, it is restricted by the intricate and corrosive ionic nature of seawater which hinders oxygen evolution reaction (OER), one of the reactions governing seawater electrolysis. Herein, we introduce an effective approach that not only withstands, but also harnesses the potential of complex ions in seawater to enhance the efficiency and durability of OER. Unlike conventional strategies that address adverse effects through catalyst surface modification, we found that seawater actively facilitates the reconstruction of catalysts with high‐spin sites. In situ characterizations suggest that the selective adsorption of Cl− from seawater on high‐spin Co sites in alkaline seawater accelerates catalyst reconstruction, contributing to the rapid formation of high‐valence Co, which enhances OER activity. The resulting reconstructed wrinkled nanosheets also create additional active Co sites and accelerate electrolyte transport. As a result, we achieve an overpotential as low as 377 mV at a current density of 1 A cm−2, showcasing nearly 100% oxygen evolution efficiency in alkaline seawater. Notably, our approach achieves a remarkable current density of 2.13 A cm−2 prior to the onset of the chlorine evolution reaction, underscoring its potential for efficient and sustainable seawater electrocatalysis.
Salt‐Compact Albumin as a New Pure Protein‐based Biomaterials: From Design to In Vivo Studies
Authors: Aloui Eya , Beurton Jordan , Medemblik Claire , Hugoni Ludivine , Clarot Igor , Boudier Ariane , Arntz Youri , De Giorgi Marcella , Combet Jérôme , Fleith Guillaume , Mathieu Eric , Kharouf Naji , Kocgozlu Leyla , Heinrich Benoît , Favier Damien , Brender Michael , Boulmedais Fouzia , Schaaf Pierre , Frisch Benoît , Lavalle Philippe
Published: January 2025

Current biodegradable materials are facing many challenges when used for the design of implantable devices because of shortcomings such as toxicity of crosslinking agents and degradation derivatives, limited cell adhesion, and limited immunological compatibility. Here, a class of materials built entirely of stable protein is designed using a simple protocol based on salt‐assisted compaction of albumin, breaking with current crosslinking strategies. Salt‐assisted compaction is based on the assembly of albumin in the presence of high concentrations of specific salts such as sodium bromide. This process leads, surprisingly, to water‐insoluble handable materials with high preservation of their native protein structures and Young's modulus close to that of cartilage (0.86 MPa). Furthermore, these materials are non‐cytotoxic, non‐inflammatory, and in vivo implantations (using models of mice and rabbits) demonstrate a very slow degradation rate of the material with excellent biocompatibility and absence of systemic inflammation and implant failure. Therefore, these materials constitute promising candidates for the design of biodegradable scaffolds and drug delivery systems as an alternative to conventional synthetic degradable polyester materials.
Synthetic Bilirubin‐Based Nanomedicine Protects Against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Antioxidant and Immune‐Modulating Activity
Authors: Yan Ji‐Jing , Kim Hyunjin , Kim Bomin , Piao Honglin , Jang Joon Young , Kang Tae Kyeom , Lee Wook‐Bin , Kim Dohyeon , Jo Seunghyun , Shin Duckhyang , Abuzar Sharif MD , Kim Myung L. , Yang Jaeseok , Jon Sangyong
Published: January 2025

Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common form of acute kidney injury. The basic mechanism underlying renal IRI is acute inflammation, where oxidative stress plays an important role. Although bilirubin exhibits potent reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging properties, its clinical application is hindered by problems associated with solubility, stability, and toxicity. In this study, BX‐001N, a synthetic polyethylene glycol‐conjugated bilirubin 3α nanoparticle is developed and assessed its renoprotective effects in renal IRI. Intravenous administration of BX‐001N led to increase uptake in the kidneys with minimal migration to the brain after IRI. Peri‐IRI BX‐001N administration improves renal function and attenuates renal tissue injury and tubular apoptosis to a greater extent than free bilirubin on day 1 after IRI. BX‐001N suppressed renal infiltration of inflammatory cells and reduced expression of TNF‐α and MCP‐1. Furthermore, BX‐001N increases renal tubular regeneration on day 3 and suppresses renal fibrosis on day 28. BX‐001N decreases the renal expressions of dihydroethidium, malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine after IRI. In conclusion, BX‐001N, the first Good Manufacturing Practice‐grade synthetic bilirubin‐based nanomedicine attenuates acute renal injury and chronic fibrosis by suppressing ROS generation and inflammation after IRI. It shows adequate safety profiles and holds promise as a new therapy for renal IRI.
Supercooled Liquids in a Core–Shell Coordination Structure for Practical Long‐Term Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Xusheng , Du Zheng , He Dong , Chen Zhenhua , Li Zhaoning , Chen Guocong , Tan Qin , Gao Han , Niu Zeyu , Ma Suman , Cheng Tianle , Nie Binjian , Ding Yulong , He Zhubing
Published: January 2025

Mutual acquisition of phase‐stability and controllable phase‐transition becomes a predominant criterion of phase‐change materials for the practical long‐term energy storage but seems contradictory always. Here a strategy combining coordination and hydrogen bonds hierarchically to create a supercooled liquid in a core–shell coordination structure is reported, addressing that demand successfully. This new material is composed of a Mn‐methylurea complex (MM) core and the hierarchically bonded erythritols shell. MM glass core with a viscosity of 108 Pa·s determines its thermal phase‐stability. As discovered, the ingenious ligand‐exchange between erythritol and Cl− ion coordinated with MM core accounts for this effectively reversible phase‐transition. This can be triggered by a small shear‐stress of 10 Pa within tens of seconds, exhibiting good practicability. Thermodynamics and kinetics of phase‐transition are explored.
Interfacial Atomic Mechanisms of Single‐Crystalline MoS2 Epitaxy on Sapphire
Authors: Chen Han , Ji Chen , Chen Yuxuan , Hou Hongyu , Li Wenhao , Shen Jichuang , Cao Changhong , Zhu Huaze , Li Huashan , Kong Wei
Published: January 2025

The epitaxial growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) on sapphire substrates enables the formation of single‐crystalline monolayer MoS₂ with exceptional material properties on a wafer scale. Despite this achievement, the underlying growth mechanisms remain a subject of debate. The epitaxial interface is critical for understanding these mechanisms, yet its exact atomic configuration has previously been unclear. In this study, a monolayer single‐crystalline MoS₂ grown on a sapphire substrate is analyzed, decisively visualizing the atomic structure of the epitaxial interface and elucidating its role in epitaxial growth from an atomic perspective. The findings reveal that the interface consists of a periodic molecular MoO3 interlayer, van der Waals epitaxially grown on a single Al‐terminated sapphire surface. Additionally, it is discovered that MoO3 coverage enhances surface interactions and introduces a unique atomic arrangement with 1‐fold symmetry at the sapphire surface, thereby facilitating the unidirectional alignment of MoS₂. This discovery provides valuable insights into the growth mechanisms leading to single‐crystalline MoS₂ formation, and suggests pathways for quantitatively monitoring and controlling growth dynamics, for the improvement of material quality and process repeatability, applicable for single‐crystalline MoS₂ or potentially other transition metal dichalcogenides epitaxially grown on sapphire.
Anti‐Scattering Perovskite Scintillator Arrays for High‐Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Song Jinmei , He Yuhong , Hu Haijing , Li Mingbian , Li Chenglong , Yang Bai , Wei Haotong
Published: January 2025

Computed tomography (CT) imaging has emerge as an effective medical diagnostic technique due to its rapid and 3D imaging capabilities, often employing indirect imaging methods through scintillator materials. Arraying scintillators that can confine light scattering to enable high‐resolution CT imaging remains an area of ongoing exploration for emerging perovskite scintillators. Here an anti‐scattering cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) scintillator array embedded within a polyurethane acrylate matrix for CT imaging using a cost‐effective solution‐processed method is reported. Due to the large refractive index contrast between the scintillator and matrix, photon propagation can be well confined within the CsPbBr3 scintillator array to significantly suppress the light scattering and enhance the light collection efficiency by nearly two times compared to the monolithic film. Furthermore, the scintillator array exhibits low‐dosage and high‐resolution CT imaging capability by reconstructing a 3D tooth image with a good spatial resolution of 20.1 lp cm−1 at a low effective dose of 0.22 mSv. This work highlights that the CsPbBr3 scintillator array is a highly promising candidate for CT imaging.
Electrocatalytic Biomass Oxidation via Acid‐Induced In Situ Surface Reconstruction of Multivalent State Coexistence in Metal Foams
Authors: Zhang Xin−Yu , Yu Sheng‐Song , Chen Jie‐Jie , Gao Kun , Yu Han‐Qing , Yu Yan
Published: January 2025

Electrocatalytic biomass conversion offers a sustainable route for producing organic chemicals, with electrode design being critical to determining reaction rate and selectivity. Herein, a prediction‐synthesis‐validation approach is developed to obtain electrodes for precise biomass conversion, where the coexistence of multiple metal valence states leads to excellent electrocatalytic performance due to the activated redox cycle. This promising integrated foam electrode is developed via acid‐induced surface reconstruction to in situ generate highly active metal (oxy)hydroxide or oxide (MOxHy or MOx) species on inert foam electrodes, facilitating the electrooxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Taking nickel foam electrode as an example, the resulting NiOxHy/Ni catalyst, featuring the coexistence of multivalent states of Ni, exhibits remarkable activity and stability with a FDCA yields over 95% and a Faradaic efficiency of 99%. In situ Raman spectroscopy and theoretical analysis reveal an Ni(OH)2/NiOOH‐mediated indirect pathway, with the chemical oxidation of 5‐HMF as the rate‐limiting step. Furthermore, this in situ surface reconstruction approach can be extended to various metal foams (Fe, Cu, FeNi, and NiMo), offering a mild, scalable, and cost‐effective method for preparing potent foam catalysts. This approach promotes a circular economy by enabling more efficient biomass conversion processes, providing a versatile and impactful tool in the field of sustainable catalysis.
Strong Soliton‐Like Characteristics in Non‐Fullerene Acceptors – A New Photochemical Insight for Future Molecular Design
Authors: Tan Wenle , Gan Hanlin , Yu Yue , He Feng , Ma Yuguang
Published: January 2025

Among the spectral features of photovoltaic materials, the large molar extinction coefficients and low band‐tailing absorption ensure efficient photon utilization and reduced energy loss. Non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), such as ITIC and Y6, significantly propel photovoltaic performance due to their strong absorption and steep band edges. The frontier orbitals of ITIC and Y6 mainly distribute on central conjugated backbones while little on electron donor and terminal acceptor segments, indicating a more localized electronic signature rather than a charge transfer state. The single crystal structures of ITIC and Y6 indicate that the π‐conjugated backbones appear homogeneous carbon‐carbon bond lengths, and the calculated atomic charge distribution demonstrates that the carbon atoms of π‐conjugated backbones carry alternating positive and negative partial charges, revealing soliton‐like electronic structural characteristics in these molecules. Inspired by cyanine dyes, these soliton‐like features are considered to be the origin of ITIC and Y6 strong and tailless absorption spectra. Further analysis shows that the introduction of an acceptor group (benzothiadiazole) induces more extensive soliton waves in the conjugated backbones (Y6) compared to ITIC, resulting in stronger absorption and steeper band edge. The analysis suggests that soliton‐type NFA materials are expected to provide new insight for designing high‐performance organic photovoltaic materials.
Toward Green Processing of Perovskite Solar Cells: Protic Ionic Liquids Enable Water‐ and Alcohol‐Based MAPbI3 Precursors Inks for Slot‐Die Coating
Authors: Ünlü Feray , Florez Alejandra , Dodd‐Clements Keely , Reb Lennart Klaus , Götte Michael , Grosch Matthias , Yang Fengning , Öz Senol , Mathies Florian , Mathur Sanjay , Ramírez Daniel , Jaramillo Franklin , Unger Eva
Published: January 2025

Halide perovskite solar cells are approaching commercialization, with solution processing emerging as a key method for large‐scale production. This study introduces a significant advancement: using non‐toxic solvents like water and alcohol in perovskite precursor inks facilitated by the protic ionic liquid methylammonium propionate (MAP). MAP effectively dissolves perovskite precursors such as lead acetate and methylammonium iodide, enabling the first stable water‐based perovskite precursor ink suitable for one‐step slot‐die coating. This new ink formulation contrasts with conventional dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)‐based inks, as evidenced by in‐situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), which revealed an intermediate‐free liquid‐to‐solid transition. In‐situ mass spectrometry also showed that organic molecules evaporate during annealing, resulting in a crystalline perovskite phase. Optimization of the solvent mixture to H2O/IPA/MAP enabled successful slot‐die coating, yielding perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of up to 10%. This eco‐friendly ink reduces toxicity and environmental impact compared to DMF‐based inks, offering a longer shelf life and the possibility of using the ink in ambient conditions. This pioneering work represents the first report of a water‐based green ink formulation for one‐step thin film coating at room‐temperature conditions by slot‐die coating, highlighting its potential for sustainable commercial applications.
Photoreforming of waste plastic by B‐doped carbon nitride nanotube: Atomic‐level modulation and mechanism insights
Authors: Ya Zongyang , Tang Lei , Xu Dong , Wang Hua , Zhang Shengbo
Published: January 2025

Photoreforming waste plastics into valuable products is a promising approach, but it requires efficient, eco‐friendly photocatalysts and a deeper understanding of catalytic mechanism. We have developed a B‐doped g‐C3N4 nanotube catalyst with well‐defined structure for photoreforming poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into valuable chemicals and H2. This catalyst achieved a H2 evolution rate of 3240 μmol gcatal−1 h−1, outperforming previous cadmium‐free catalysts. It also oxidized PET to higher‐value organic acids via a hole oxidation mechanism. Experimental and theoretical calculations showed that B atom doping not only greatly increased the catalyst's active sites, but also significantly accelerated the electron–hole separation and transfer rate, optimized the adsorption and activation behavior of the substrate. Using concentrated sunlight, we achieved a H2 evolution rate of 475 μmol gcatal−1 h−1 for real‐world PET in seawater. Techno‐economic analysis suggests processing 50,000 tons of waste plastic annually could yield a profit of $7.45 million.
Quantifying Asymmetric Coordination to Correlate with Oxygen Reduction Activity in Fe‐Based Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Cao Yanhui , Liu Yuan , Zheng Xuerong , Yang Jingxia , Wang Haozhi , Zhang Jinfeng , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Rupprechter Günther , Hu Wenbin
Published: January 2025

Precisely manipulating asymmetric coordination configurations and examining electronic effects enable to tunethe intrinsic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of single‐atom catalysts (SACs). However, the lackof a definite relationship between coordination asymmetry and catalytic activity makes the rational design of SACs ambiguous. Here, we propose a concept of “asymmetry degree” to quantify asymmetric coordination configurations and assess the effectiveness of active moieties in Fe‐based SACs. A theoretical framework is established, elucidating the volcanic relationship between asymmetry degree and ORR activity by constructing a series of Fe‐based SAC models doped with non‐metal atoms (B, P, S, Se, and Te) in the first or second coordination sphere, which aligns with Sabatier principle. The predicted ORR activity of Fe asymmetric active moieties is then experimentally validated using asymmetry degree. The combined computational and experimental results suggest that single‐atom moiety with a moderate asymmetry degree exhibits optimal intrinsic ORR activity, because breaking the square‐planar symmetry of FeN4 can alter the electronic population of the Fe 3d‐orbital, thereby optimizing the adsorption‐desorption strength of intermediates and thus enhancing the intrinsic ORR activity. This fundamental understanding of catalytic activity from geometric and electronic aspects offers a rational guidance to design high‐performance SACs with asymmetric configurations.
Regulatory Potency of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (PACs) on Extrafibrillar and Intrafibrillar Collagen Mineralization
Authors: Bim‐Junior Odair , Jing Shuxi , McAlpine James B. , Chen Shao‐Nong , Pauli Guido F. , Bedran‐Russo Ana K.
Published: January 2025

The therapeutic potential of plant‐derived proanthocyanidins (PACs) interacting with mammalian collagen is extensive, notably in strengthening specialized extracellular matrix like the dentin matrix, crucial for reparative dental treatments. This study unveils an additional facet of PACs beyond their recognized chemical and biomechanical advantages in fibrillar collagen: specific tannins possess an inherent capability to influence collagen mineralization. By leveraging the degree of polymerization (DP) of PAC oligomers binding directly to type‐I collagen, selective control over in vitro mineralization is achieved. Tetrameric PACs (DP = 4) exhibit minimal barriers to extrafibrillar mineralization, whereas dimers (DP = 2) effectively hinder nucleation/growth of surface minerals, potentially favoring intrafibrillar mineralization pathways. Additionally, our investigation highlights that bound PACs facilitate the infiltration of mineral precursors within collagen fibrils without relying on conventional process‐directing agents. These findings underscore the promising utility of oligomeric PACs as a new class of plant‐derived process‐directing agents (PPDAs) with compelling mineral activities. While our primary focus is exploring mineralization through diverse PAC structures, establishing a translatable collagen mineralization model remains one long‐term goal of this line of research.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Cooling Agent With Intelligent Response Long‐Term Release Effect
Authors: Liu Dongxu , Hu Wenxin , Shang Zhenlin , Pei Xiaojing , Sun Jinlong , Zhou Li , He Yifan , Li Shujing , Qu Zhaohui , Zhang Ze
Published: January 2025

Coolant, a general term for all chemical substances that produce a cooling effect without strong medicinal properties. Currently reported coolants are generally used as additives directly in food and daily chemicals. Here we pioneered a responsive nanoscale formulation to improve the application limitations of coolants. The cooling agent consists of 1,3‐propanediol, high‐substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose(H‐HPC), and three coolants, utilizing H‐HPC as the polymer shell that encapsulates and releases the coolants. It has long‐lasting release properties and can be released immediately upon contact with water through the vesicle structure formed by H‐HPC. The cooling agent has a particle size between 20 and 60 nm, a pH between 6.16 and 7.28, a refractive index between 1.400 and 1.500, a viscosity between 1500 and 3000 mPa s, and a good stability without precipitation and delamination after centrifugation. Meanwhile, the cold stimulation neuron test shows the excellent performance of longer duration and better effect than menthol cooling sensation. Its good formulation application shows a better application prospect in cosmetics and light chemical industry.
Mitigation of Polysulfide Shuttling in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Utilizing Vanadium Pentoxide/Polypyrrole Nanocomposite Separators
Authors: Chen Bing , Li Wenhu , Ai Taotao , Dong Hongfeng , Bo HaiWa , Huang Qing , Li Chaofan , Kang Shouwang , Li Yiwen , Wang Teng
Published: January 2025

Lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfides during the charging and discharging processes leads to a rapid decline in capacity, thereby restricting their application in energy storage. The separator, a crucial component of Li−S batteries, facilitates the transport of Li+ ions. However, the large pores present on the surface of the separator are insufficient to prevent the shuttling effect of polysulfides. This paper proposes a straightforward coating method to introduce a vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) /polypyrrole (PPy) functional coating on the surface of a conventional polymer separator. The unique composition of the V2O5/PPy layer plays an essential role in effectively preventing the bidirectional movement of polysulfides and the subsequent formation of inactive sulfur. Compared to those using polypyrrole separators,when equipped with a V2O5/PPy separator, the capacity retention after 100 cycles was recorded at 98 %, with a measured rate of capacity degradation at just 0.016 %, despite the sulfur content being as high as 1.84 mg cm−2. Furthermore, after 400 cycles at 1 C, the capacity retention rate reached 57.6 %. The thoughtful design of this modified separator represents an effective strategy for improving the performance of Li−S batteries.
Decentralized formation with collision avoidance of multi‐agent conformable fractional nonlinear robot systems
Authors: Ángeles‐Ramírez O. A. , González‐Figueroa S. , Fernández‐Anaya G. , Martínez‐Hernández E. G. , González‐Sierra J. , Ramírez‐Neria M.
Published: January 2025

The formation control problem for a multi‐agent robot system is addressed from the general conformable fractional multi‐variable framework viewpoint, considering interagent collision avoidance based on the combination of local attractive and repulsive potential functions for general well‐defined formation graphs for the case of point or omnidirectional robots by using the classical Lyapunov's stability analysis. The theoretical development of a control law from the viewpoint of the multivariable conformable fractional‐order calculus is given. In addition, a comparison of the convergence performance to the desired pattern with collision avoidance between the integer‐order and the general conformable fractional‐order case is provided. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is given to exhibit the performance of the proposed strategy.
Adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control via integral terminal sliding mode of robotic systems with prescribed performance
Authors: Zhang Jie , Jiang Wanyue , Sam Ge Shuzhi
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the robust fault‐tolerant tracking control problem of robotic systems with actuator faults and model uncertainties under prescribed performance constraint. Firstly, an adaptive technique and fuzzy logic system are used to approximate the system model uncertainties and possible actuator faults. Secondly, a new fast integral terminal sliding mode backstepping control method is proposed, which makes the high robustness for the robotic systems when the actuator faults occur under the premise of ensuring the prescribed performance. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance observer is developed to estimate the lumped disturbance composed of external disturbance and approximation error, which enhances anti‐disturbance performance, reduces sliding mode chattering, and ensures high robustness of the entire robotic systems. Ultimately, the global asymptotic stability of the robotic systems is achieved based on the Lyapunov criterion. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.