bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress of Phase Change Materials and Their Applications in Facility Agriculture and Related-Buildings—A Review
Authors: Cui Yijing , Gulfam Raza , Ishrat Yousaf , Iqbal Saqib , Yao Feng
Published: September 2024

Facility agriculture, which involves agricultural production in controlled environments such as greenhouses, indoor farms, and vertical farms, aims to maximize efficiency, yield, and quality while minimizing resource consumption and environmental impact. Energy-saving technologies are essential to the green and low-carbon development of facility agriculture. Recently, phase change heat storage (PCHS) systems using phase change materials (PCMs) have gained significant attention due to their high thermal storage density and excellent thermal regulation performance. These systems are particularly promising for applications in facility agriculture and related buildings, such as solar thermal utilization, greenhouse walls, and soil insulation. However, the low thermal conductivity of PCMs presents a challenge for applications requiring rapid heat transfer. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the types, thermophysical properties, and various forms of PCMs, including macro-encapsulated PCMs, shape-stabilized PCMs, and phase change capsules (PCCs), as well as their preparation methods. The research methodology involves an in-depth analysis of these PCMs and their applications in active and passive PCHS systems within facility agriculture and related buildings. The major conclusion of this study highlights the critical role of PCMs in advancing energy-saving technologies in facility agriculture. By enhancing PCM performance, optimizing latent heat storage systems, and integrating intelligent environmental control, this work provides essential guidelines for designing more efficient and sustainable agricultural structures. The article will serve as the fundamental guideline to design more robust structures for facility agriculture and related buildings.
Study on the Influence of Spatial Attributes on Passengers’ Path Selection at Fengtai High-Speed Railway Station Based on Eye Tracking
Authors: Zeng Zhongzhong , Zhang Kun , Zhang Bo
Published: September 2024

The average daily throughput of large-scale passenger high-speed railway stations is large, and the design of the inbound space connecting with the underground and other modes of transport affects the passengers’ wayfinding behaviour and time spent, which in turn affects the efficiency of the inbound station. How to optimise the design of station entry space and signage arrangement becomes the key to shortening the station entry time. In this paper, eye tracking, spatial syntax, and semantic difference methods are used to evaluate the passenger’s wayfinding process in the underground hub of a large high-speed railway station and the spatial syntax is used to quantify and analyse the wayfinding path segments, to explore the influence of the spatial attributes of different nodes and the spatial arrangement of the guiding signs on the passenger’s wayfinding behaviour data and the difference in attention, and to find out that the connectivity of the wayfinding nodes, the area of the field of view, and the passengers’ The study concludes that the connectivity and visual field area of wayfinding nodes have a strong positive correlation with the passengers’ route choice time, which has less influence on the correct rate of wayfinding and can be taken into less consideration in the subsequent design. While analysing the spatial density of signs and the correct rate of wayfinding in the sample, it is concluded that the density of guide signs is maintained in the interval of 5–11‰, and at the same time, the number is sufficient to point to the destination is a more appropriate interval, and ultimately, the impact of the correct rate of wayfinding of the weighting of the following: signage focus on the time > density of information > density of key information > diameter of the pupil. The study analyses the influencing factors affecting passengers’ wayfinding behaviour from a human factors perspective and provides feedback on the design of underground entry spaces in large passenger high-speed rail stations.
A Case Study on the Odor Preferences and Influencing Factors in Chinese Residential Environments
Authors: Wang Menghan , Rong Yonghua , Jia Chao , Fukuda Hiroatsu , Gao Weijun , Inoue Tomo , Han Shengnan , Cao Jing , Ma Jiangling
Published: September 2024

Research on odor preference is needed to improve indoor environment quality. There-fore, to create a better odor environment in the living space, it is necessary to determine the common characteristics of odor preferences in the living environment for individuals with a similar cultural background. In this study, representative odors that are found in Chinese living spaces were selected and the odor preferences and individual traits were examined using online surveys. A total of 1236 valid responses were collected and the factors affecting odor preferences were assessed, including social, geographic, and behavioral attributes, using correlation and descriptive analysis. The results revealed that gender, age, occupation, income, mode, and frequency were correlated with odor preference characteristics in the living environment and were the primary factors for the odor preference characteristics. Further analysis revealed that the odor preferences across the gender, age, income, and frequency groups were consistent with the trend for the overall characteristics. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences in odor preferences in the living environment across occupations and living patterns. Different occupational groups showed different characteristics in odor preferences, while the complexity of living patterns and the frequency of odor exposure also had a significant impact on odor preferences. These research findings will enable us to develop customized fragrance solutions based on specific olfactory preferences related to gender, age, occupation, income level, and lifestyle. Integrating the study conclusions into the spatial layout, selection of decorative materials, and ventilation design of residential spaces has practical significance for creating living environments that better meet the needs of residents.
Evolving Trends in Smart Building Research: A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Haiyirete Xuekelaiti , Zhang Wenjuan , Gao Yu
Published: September 2024

Background: Smart building, as an emerging building concept, has been a key driving force for the transformation and upgrading of the building industry; Methods: To better understand the latest research progress and trends in the field of smart building, this study uses CiteSpace 6.2.R4 bibliometric software to visualize, analyze, and interpret the literature related to the field of “Smart Building” in the WoS database from 2014 to 2023; Results: As a cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary field, smart building has received significant attention in recent years, with a rapid growth in the number of publications. International cooperation is strong, with China, the United States, and South Korea leading in the number of publications, but there is still room for enhanced collaboration among institutions. Keyword analysis shows that technology and humanized design are both crucial, and emerging technology has become the current research hotspot. Conclusions: The field of smart building has gained global attention, and more breakthroughs will be made in improving building efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing the user experience. This development is moving towards a smarter and more sustainable direction that will bring greater benefits to human life and the environment.
Structural Response Analysis and Comfort Evaluation of Residential Buildings: A Combined Wind Tunnel and FEM Approach
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Zheng Xiang Yuan , Lin Kun
Published: September 2024

With global urbanization accelerating, high-rise buildings have become a common feature in the urban landscape, especially in coastal cities, where they encounter unique wind-load challenges. This study aims to quantify the structural response and occupant comfort of a high-rise residential building under wind-induced accelerations by integrating wind tunnel testing with finite element analysis (FEA). The research focuses on critical response parameters, including displacement, acceleration, and stress, to evaluate the building’s performance. Wind tunnel tests provided detailed wind pressure distribution data across the building’s surface, while multi-degree-of-freedom and finite element models facilitated precise numerical simulations. The findings highlight a significant directional and temporal variability in wind-load responses, with the most pronounced effects observed at a wind-direction angle of 105° relative to the building’s front-facing axis (0°). The study confirms that the combined application of wind tunnel tests and FEA offers a comprehensive approach to understanding wind-induced responses, essential for the scientifically accurate and effective design of high-rise structures.
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Real-World Study
Authors: Şenocak Taşçı Elif , Mutlu Arda Ulaş , Saylık Onur , Ölmez Ömer Fatih , Bilici Ahmet , Sünger Erdem , Sütçüoğlu Osman , Çakmak Öksüzoğlu Ömür Berna , Özdemir Nuriye , Akdoğan Orhun , Bayoğlu İbrahim Vedat , Majidova Nargiz , Güren Ali Kaan , Özen Engin Esra , Hacıbekiroğlu İlhan , Er Özlem , Dane Faysal , Bozkurt Mustafa , Turan Canbaz Esra , Erdamar Sibel , Aytaç Erman , Özer Leyla , Yıldız İbrahim
Published: September 2024

Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has emerged as a promising approach for managing locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), aiming to enhance resectability, increase pathological complete response (pCR), improve treatment compliance, survival, and sphincter preservation. This study compares the clinical outcomes of TNT, with either induction or consolidation chemotherapy, to those of the standard chemoradiotherapy (CRT). In this retrospective multi-institutional study, patients with stage II-III LARC who underwent CRT or TNT from seven oncology centers between 2021 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The TNT group was categorized into induction or consolidation groups based on the sequence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Clinical and pathological data and treatment outcomes, including pCR, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS), were analyzed. Among the 276 patients, 105 received CRT and 171 underwent TNT. The TNT group showed significantly higher pCR (21.8% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001) and lower lymphatic (26.3% vs. 42.6%, p = 0.009), vascular (15.8% vs. 32.7%, p = 0.002), and perineural invasion rates (20.3% vs. 37.6%, p = 0.003). Furthermore, 16.9% of TNT patients opted for non-operative management (NOM), compared to 0.9% in the CRT group (p < 0.001). The median interval between the end of radiotherapy and surgery was longer in the TNT group (17.6 weeks vs. 8.8 weeks, p < 0.001). The 3-year EFS was 58.3% for CRT and 71.1% for TNT (p = 0.06). TNT is associated with higher pCR, lower lymphatic and vascular invasion rates, and higher rates of NOM compared to CRT. This supports the use of TNT as a viable treatment strategy for LARC, offering potential benefits in quality of life.
Response Rates and Transplantation Impact in Patients with Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Costa Alessandro , Gurnari Carmelo , Scalzulli Emilia , Cicconi Laura , Guarnera Luca , Carmosino Ida , Cerretti Raffaella , Bisegna Maria Laura , Capria Saveria , Minotti Clara , Iori Anna Paola , Torrieri Lorenzo , Venditti Adriano , Pulsoni Alessandro , Martelli Maurizio , Voso Maria Teresa , Breccia Massimo
Published: September 2024

Background: The introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has radically improved the prognosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), with cure rates above 80%. While relapse occurs in less than 20% of cases, addressing this issue remains challenging. Identifying effective salvage therapies for relapsed APL is crucial to improve patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a multicentric cohort of 67 APL patients in first relapse, treated in three Italian hematology centers from June 1981 to November 2021. The overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were calculated, and predictive factors were assessed using Cox regression models. Results: Overall, 61 patients (91%) received ATO ± ATRA (40.3%), chemo-based regimens (40.3%), or ATRA ± Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) (10.4%). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 98.2% of patients (molecular CR, n = 71.4%). With a median follow-up time of 54.5 months, the 5-year OS was 73% in the ATO ± ATRA group, 44% in the chemo-based group, and 29% in the ATRA ± GO group (p = 0.035). The 5-year OS rate was also higher for transplant recipients vs. non-recipients within the chemo-based cohort (50% vs. 33%, p = 0.017), but not in the ATO-based cohort (p = 0.12). ATO-based salvage therapy resulted in better OS in both univariate (p = 0.025) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.026). The 2-year CIR was higher in patients without molecular CR vs. patients in molecular CR (66% vs. 24%, p = 0.034). Molecular CR was a significant predictor of second relapse in both univariate (p = 0.035) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.036). Conclusions: Our findings support the efficacy of ATO-based therapies in first relapse of APL and confirm the achievement of molecular remission as an independent outcome predictor in both first and second APL relapse.
Evidence of the Link between Stroma Remodeling and Prostate Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Vecchiotti Davide , Clementi Letizia , Cornacchia Emanuele , Di Vito Nolfi Mauro , Verzella Daniela , Capece Daria , Zazzeroni Francesca , Angelucci Adriano
Published: September 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa), the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide, is particularly challenging for oncologists when a precise prognosis needs to be established. Indeed, the entire clinical management in PCa has important drawbacks, generating an intense debate concerning the possibility to individuate molecular biomarkers able to avoid overtreatment in patients with pathological indolent cancers. To date, the paradigmatic change in the view of cancer pathogenesis prompts to look for prognostic biomarkers not only in cancer epithelial cells but also in the tumor microenvironment. PCa ecology has been defined with increasing details in the last few years, and a number of promising key markers associated with the reactive stroma are now available. Here, we provide an updated description of the most biologically significant and cited prognosis-oriented microenvironment biomarkers derived from the main reactive processes during PCa pathogenesis: tissue adaptations, inflammatory response and metabolic reprogramming. Proposed biomarkers include factors involved in stromal cell differentiation, cancer-normal cell crosstalk, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and energy metabolism.
Analysis of Calculated Liver Scores for Long-Term Outcome in 423 Cutaneous Melanoma Patients
Authors: Abu Rached Nessr , Reis Mariana Marques da Silva , Stockfleth Eggert , Käpynen Riina , Gambichler Thilo
Published: September 2024

Background: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies are currently getting increasingly important in cutaneous melanoma (CM) management. However, there is still a lack of prognostic tools to identify which patients have a poor prognosis. There is increasing evidence that the liver score may be a potential prognostic parameter in different tumour types. The aim was to investigate whether established liver scores can establish the prognosis of CM. Methods: According to established methods, the APRI, the MELD score, the MELD-Na score and the De Ritis ratio were calculated from the laboratory values at the time of the initial diagnosis. Survival was compared with the Kaplan–Meier curve and tested with log-rank tests. Risk factors associated with cutaneous melanoma-specific survival (CMSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed by using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. To determine the diagnostic accuracy, we performed a time-dependent ROC analysis. Results: A total of 423 patients were included, including 141 patients in AJCC stage (2017) I (33.3%), 82 in stage II (19.4%), 128 in stage III (30.3%) and 72 in stage IV (17%). Median time until melanoma-specific death was 99 months (IQR: 37–126). In addition, 37.6% of patients relapsed with a median time to relapse of 88 months (IQR: 17.5–126). In all stages, tumour thickness and ulceration were independent markers for predicting CMSS and PFS (p < 0.05). The multivariable analysis with all stages showed no significant association with CM outcome for liver scores (p > 0.05). The subgroup analysis revealed that the APRI (≥0.2241) was associated with CMSS and PFS in melanoma stages I and II, independently of tumour thickness, age and ulceration (HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.14–5.75; HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.42–6.09, respectively). Conclusions: The 20-year prognosis of AJCC stage I and II CM was dependent on tumour thickness and the APRI. High tumour thickness and an APRI ≥ 0.2241 at the initial diagnosis were associated with a worse prognosis. Future studies should investigate the independent prognostic value of the APRI in low-stage CM. Furthermore, the APRI score could be a potential biomarker for nomograms.
Dihydrotestosterone Enhances MICA-Mediated Immune Responses to Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Seo Donghyun , Byun Hyeji , Cho Miyeon , Lee Sun Hee , Youn Sohyun , Lee Junho , Jung Inuk , Cho Hyosun , Kang Hyojeung
Published: September 2024

Background: Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is a subset of gastric cancers linked to EBV infection. While the role of male hormones in cancers such as prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers is well-studied, their impact on EBVaGC remains less understood. This study aims to examine the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on EBVaGC, particularly focusing on its influence on the immune response. Methods: The study utilized the SNU719 EBVaGC cell line. Cells were treated with DHT to assess androgen receptor (AR) expression and the activation of signaling pathways, including NF-κB. The expression of MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) and its interaction with the NKG2D receptor on NK and T cells was evaluated. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted to determine DHT’s effect on NK and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression was analyzed. Results: DHT significantly increased AR expression in EBVaGC cells and activated the NF-κB pathway, which led to increased transcription of target genes such as MICA and EBNA1. These changes enhanced the interaction with receptors on NK and T cells, thereby boosting their cytotoxicity against EBVaGC cells. Importantly, DHT did not upregulate proinflammatory cytokine genes. Conclusion: DHT enhances the immune response against EBVaGC by upregulating MICA and activating NK and T cells. These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting androgen signaling to improve anti-tumor immunity in EBVaGC.
Characterization of Patient Activation among Childhood Cancer Survivors in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE)
Authors: Ware Megan E. , De La Cruz Angelica , Dong Qian , Shelton Kyla , Brinkman Tara M. , Huang I-Chan , Webster Rachel , Potter Brian , Krull Kevin , Mirzaei Sedigheh , Ehrhardt Matthew , Hudson Melissa M. , Armstrong Gregory , Ness Kirsten
Published: September 2024

Background: Patient activation describes a willingness to take action to manage health and is associated with health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to characterize patient activation and its association with psychological outcomes and health behaviors in childhood cancer survivors. Methods: Participants were from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE). Activation levels (1–4, 4 = highest activation) were measured with the Patient Activation Measure (PAM). Psychological outcomes and health behaviors were obtained via self-report. Cognitive function was assessed by trained examiners. ANOVA or chi-squared tests were utilized to assess group-level differences in activation. Multivariable regression models were used to assess associations between PAM scores and outcomes of interest. Results: Among 2708 survivors and 303 controls, more survivors endorsed lower activation levels than the controls (11.3 vs. 4.7% in level 1) and fewer survivors endorsed the highest level of activation than the controls (45.3 vs. 61.5% in level 4). Not endorsing depression (OR: 2.37, 95% CI 1.87–2.99), anxiety (OR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.73–2.83), and somatization symptoms (OR: 1.99, 95% CI 1.59–2.50), general fear (OR: 1.45, 95% CI 1.23–1.71) and body-focused (OR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.83–2.66), cancer-related worry, and physical (OR: 2.57, 95% CI 2.06–3.20) and mental (OR: 2.08, 95% CI 1.72–2.52) HRQOL was associated with higher levels of activation. Lower activation was associated with not meeting physical activity guidelines (OR: 2.07, 95% CI 1.53–2.80). Conclusions: Survivors endorsed lower activation levels than peers. Interventions to improve physical and psychological health outcomes could leverage these results to identify survivors who benefit from support in patient activation.
Low-Risk and High-Risk NSMPs: A Prognostic Subclassification of No Specific Molecular Profile Subtype of Endometrial Carcinomas
Authors: Marchetti Matteo , Spagnol Giulia , Vezzaro Tommaso , Bigardi Sofia , De Tommasi Orazio , Facchetti Emma , Tripepi Marta , Costeniero Diletta , Munerol Chiara , Maggino Tiziano , D’Antona Donato , Tozzi Roberto , Saccardi Carlo , Noventa Marco
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) classified as no specific molecular profile (NSMP) represents a heterogeneous group with variable prognoses. This retrospective, single-center study aims to further stratify NSMP ECs to tailor treatment strategies and improve outcomes. (2) Methods: From 2020 to 2023, we collected data on 51 patients diagnosed with NSMP EC following the introduction of molecular profiling at our institution. Patients were retrospectively analyzed for estrogen receptor (ER) status, histotype, and grade to identify potential prognostic subgroups. (3) Results: Our analysis identified two distinct subgroups within NSMP EC: low-risk and high-risk, based on ER status, histotype, and grade. The low-risk NSMP group demonstrated significantly better survival outcomes compared to the high-risk group. With a median follow-up time of 16 moths (IQR 13.0–29.7), the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for the low-risk group were 100%. For the high-risk group, the DFS and OS were 71.4% and 78.6%, respectively, which showed a statistically significantly difference (Log-Rank Mantel-Cox < 0.001). In the high-risk group, four patients experienced recurrence, and three of these patients died. (4) Conclusions: Stratifying NSMP EC into low-risk and high-risk categories based on ER status, histotype, and grade can lead to more accurate prognostic assessments. In time, it may require tailored adjuvant therapies and a personalized treatment.
The 3-Biomarker Classifier—A Novel and Simple Molecular Risk Score Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Melling Nathaniel , Fard-Aghaie Mohammad H. , Hube-Magg Claudia , Kluth Martina , Simon Ronald , Tachezy Michael , Ghadban Tarik , Reeh Matthias , Izbicki Jakob R. , Sauter Guido , Grupp Katharina
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Several new molecular markers in colorectal carcinomas have been discovered; however, classical histopathological predictors are still being used to predict survival in patients. We present a novel risk score, which uses molecular markers, to predict outcomes in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Methods: The immunohistochemistry of tissue micro arrays was used to detect and quantify H2BUB1, RBM3 and Ki-67. Different intensities of staining were categorized for these markers and a score was established. A multivariate analysis was performed and survival curves were established. Results: 1791 patients were evaluated, and multivariate analysis revealed that our risk score, the 3-biomarker classifier, is an independent marker to predict survival. We found a high risk-score to be associated with dismal median survival for the patients. Conclusions: A more personalized score might be able to better discriminate low- and high-risk patients and suggest adjuvant treatment compared to classical pathological staging. Our score can serve as a tool to predict outcomes in patients suffering from colorectal carcinoma.
Increased Frequency of Circulating Activated FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subset in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Is Associated with the Estimate of the Size of the Tumor Mass, STAT5 Signaling and Disease Course during Follow-Up of Patients on Therapy
Authors: Roškar Zlatko , Dreisinger Mojca , Homšak Evgenija , Avčin Tadej , Bevc Sebastjan , Goropevšek Aleš
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is accompanied by increased circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) and increased susceptibility to severe infections, which were also shown to entail a striking induction of FOXP3 expression in Tregs. As homeostasis of the most suppressive CD45RA−FOXP3high activated Treg (aTreg) subset differs, it is critical to analyse homeostatic signalling in Treg subsets. Materials and Methods: In this study, by using conventional and imaging flow cytometry, we monitored STAT5 signalling/phosphorylation (pSTAT5) and investigated Treg subsets in relation to the Binet stage, the total tumor mass score (TTM) and the disease course during a follow-up of 37 patients with CLL. Results: The aTreg percentage was significantly increased among CD4+ T cells from patients with advanced disease and significantly correlated with the TTM. A subgroup of patients with higher aTreg percentages among CD4+FOXP3+ T cells at the start of therapy was characterised by more frequent episodes of severe infections during follow-up. Conclusions: The results suggesting that an aTreg fraction could represent a possible marker of a severe disease course with infectious complications. Augmented homeostatic STAT5 signalling could support aTreg expansion, as higher pSTAT5 levels were significantly correlated with an increased aTreg frequency among CD4+FOXP3+ T cells during the follow-up of patients on therapy, as well as following SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific stimulation in vitro.
The Phenotypical Characterization of Dual-Nature Hybrid Cells in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Marcotte Emily , Goyeneche Alicia , Abdouh Mohamed , Burnier Julia Valdemarin , Burnier Miguel Noel
Published: September 2024

Background: Metastasis, occurring years after primary diagnosis, represents a poor prognosis in uveal melanoma (UM)-affected individuals. The nature of cells involved in this process is under debate. Circulating hybrid cells that have combined tumor and immune cell features found in blood were predictive of metastasis and may correspond to dual-nature cells (DNC) in the primary tumor. Herein, we sought to determine the presence of DNCs in primary UM tumors, the cell types involved in their genesis, and their ability to be formed in vitro. Methods: UM lesions (n = 38) were immunolabeled with HMB45 in combination with immune-cell-specific antibodies. In parallel, we co-cultured UM cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to analyze DNC formation. Results: HMB45+/CD45+ DNCs were present in 90% (26/29) of the tumors, HMB45+/CD8+ DNCs were present in 93% (26/28), and HMB45+/CD68+ DNCs were present in 71% (17/24). DNCs formed with CD8+ and CD68+ cells were positively correlated to the infiltration of their respective immune cells. Notably, UM cells were prone to hybridize with PBMCs in vitro. Conclusions: This phenotypical characterization of DNCs in UM demonstrates that CD8+ T-cells and macrophages are capable of DNC formation, and they are important for better understanding metastatic dissemination, thus paving the path towards novel therapeutic avenues.
Real-World Survival Outcomes of First-Line Therapies in Patients with Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis from Two Centres in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Mansour Mubarak M. , Aga Syed Sameer , Alharbi Hanin A. , Alsulami Maria N. , Fallatah Halah A. , Albedaiwi Tarfah B. , Anbari Lujain K. , Surrati Taleen R. , Algethami Ashwag A. , Althubaiti Alaa , Alfayea Turki M. , Alolayan Ashwaq
Published: September 2024

Background: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) represents a challenging condition characterised by poor prognosis and limited response to chemoradiotherapy. In this retrospective study, we compared the survival outcomes of first-line ICI regimens versus single-agent TKIs in patients with mRCC from two centres in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study included 84 patients diagnosed with clear cell mRCC between January 2016 and December 2023. Patients were grouped based on treatment regimens. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The median first-line PFS was 9.7 months (95% CI: 5.3–14.1) for the overall cohort, with no significant difference between the single-agent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) group (9.4 months; 95% CI: 6.4–12.4), combination ICI group (9.0 months; 95% CI: 0.0–24.9), and single-agent ICI group (21.2 months; 95% CI: 2.6–39.8; p = 0.591). The median OS for the overall cohort was 42.0 months (95% CI: 14.9–69.2), with the single-agent TKI group having a median OS of 33.3 months (95% CI: 0.0–71.7), the combination ICI group, 42.0 months (95% CI: 0.06–84.0), and the single-agent ICI group, 23.0 months (95% CI: 19.2–26.7; p = 0.73). In comparison, the ICI-based combination therapy group exhibited a higher ORR of 41.0% (95% CI: 26.3–57.8%), while the single-agent ICI group had an ORR of 20.0% (95% CI: 3.5–55.8%). Cox regression identified liver metastasis as a significant independent predictor of PFS (HR = 1.8, p = 0.043), while a lower Karnofsky Performance Status was a significant independent predictor of OS (HR = 3.5, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In real-world practice from Saudi Arabia, first-line, single-agent ICI therapy offers promising anti-tumour activity and non-inferior survival outcomes compared to standard ICI-based combinations and single-agent TKIs.
Allostatic Load, Cigarette Smoking, and Lung Cancer Risk
Authors: Guan Yufan , Shen Jie , Zhang Kai , Fuemmeler Bernard F. , Zhao Hua
Published: September 2024

Background: Allostatic load (AL) is a biomarker of chronic stress associated with various chronic diseases. No study has evaluated the relationship between AL and lung cancer risk. Methods: To address this gap, we analyzed the association between AL and the development of lung cancer in 344,380 participants from the UK Biobank. Results: During the follow-up period from 2006 to 2020, 2517 participants were diagnosed with incident lung cancer. Participants who developed lung cancer had significantly higher AL compared to cancer-free controls (mean: 3.49 vs. 2.87, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, a marginally significant association was observed between higher AL and increased lung cancer risk (per one AL unit: Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.02, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.99, 1.04). In the categorical analysis, individuals with high AL (AL > 2) had a 15% higher risk of lung cancer compared to those with low AL (AL ≤ 2) (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.25). Stratified analyses revealed that this increased risk was only observed in former (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.43) and current smokers (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42) but not in never-smokers (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.17). Moreover, we found that demographics, socioeconomics, and other health behaviors could modify the risk association. Finally, among cigarette smoking-related variables, a significant trend of increasing AL was observed with higher pack-years, longer smoking duration, earlier age of smoking initiation, and later age of smoking cessation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that higher AL is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. The results need to be further confirmed in additional studies.
Raman Spectroscopy for Instant Bladder Tumor Diagnosis: System Development and In Vivo Proof-Of-Principle Study in Accordance with the European Medical Device Regulation (MDR2017/745)
Authors: Latka Ines , Mogensen Karin , Knorr Florian , Kuzucu Cansu , Windirsch Florian , Sandic Dragan , Popp Jürgen , Hermann Gregers G. , Schie Iwan W.
Published: September 2024

This work reports on an in vivo Raman-based endoscopy system, invaScope, enabling Raman measurements of healthy and tumor bladder tissue during an endoscopic procedure in the operating theatre. The presented study outlines the progression from the initial concept (validated through previously performed ex vivo studies) to the approval and implementation of a clinical investigational device according to the requirement within the framework of the European Medical Device Regulation (MDR2017/745). The study’s primary objective was to employ the invaScope Raman system within the bladder, capturing in vivo spectroscopic Raman data followed by standard histo- and cytopathological examinations of urological tissue (considered the gold standard). The collected data were analyzed and correlated with histopathological findings post-procedure. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the feasibility of using diagnostic equipment, probes, and software for application in a clinical setting, evaluating usability aspects that are important during surgical procedures. This research represents a pivotal step toward advancing Raman spectroscopy for routine clinical use in characterizing bladder lesions.
Elucidating the Role of Sirtuin 3 in Mammalian Oocyte Aging
Authors: Kordowitzki Pawel
Published: September 2024

The field of reproductive biology has made significant progress in recent years, identifying specific molecular players that influence oocyte development and function. Among them, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has attracted particular attention for its central role in mediating mitochondrial function and cellular stress responses in oocytes. So far, studies have demonstrated that the knockdown of SIRT3 leads to a decrease in blastocyst formation and an increase in oxidative stress within an embryo, underscoring the importance of SIRT3 in maintaining the cellular redox balance critical for embryonic survival and growth. Furthermore, the literature reveals specific signaling pathways, such as the SIRT3- Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) deacetylation pathway, crucial for mitigating oxidative stress-related anomalies in oocyte meiosis, particularly under conditions like maternal diabetes. Overall, the emerging role of SIRT3 in regulating oocyte mitochondrial function and development highlights the critical importance of understanding the intricate connections between cellular metabolism, stress response pathways, and overall reproductive health and function. This knowledge could lead to the development of novel strategies to support oocyte quality and fertility, with far-reaching implications for assisted reproductive technologies and women’s healthcare. This commentary aims to provide an overview of the importance of SIRT3 in oocytes by synthesizing results from a multitude of studies. The aim is to elucidate the role of SIRT3 in oocyte development, maturation, and aging and to identify areas where further research is needed.
Administration of Essential Phospholipids Prevents Drosophila Melanogaster Oocytes from Responding to Change in Gravity
Authors: Gogichaeva Ksenia K. , Ogneva Irina V.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to prevent initial changes in Drosophila melanogaster oocytes under simulated weightlessness and hypergravity at the 2 g level. Phospholipids with polyunsaturated fatty acids in the tail groups (essential phospholipids) at a concentration of 500 mg/kg of nutrient medium were used as a protective agent. Cell stiffness was determined using atomic force microscopy, the change in the oocytes’ area was assessed as a mark of deformation, and the contents of cholesterol and neutral lipids were determined using fluorescence microscopy. The results indicate that the administration of essential phospholipids leads to a decrease in the cholesterol content in the oocytes’ membranes by 13% (p < 0.05). The stiffness of oocytes from flies that received essential phospholipids was 14% higher (p < 0.05) and did not change during 6 h of simulated weightlessness or hypergravity, and neither did the area, which indicates their resistance to deformation. Moreover, the exposure to simulated weightlessness and hypergravity of oocytes from flies that received a standard nutrient medium led to a more intense loss of cholesterol from cell membranes after 30 min by 13% and 18% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared to the control, but essential phospholipids prevented this effect.
Ceramic Nanotubes—Conducting Polymer Assemblies with Potential Application as Chemosensors for Breath Ammonia Detection in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Trandabat Alexandru Florentin , Ciobanu Romeo Cristian , Schreiner Oliver Daniel , Schreiner Thomas Gabriel , Aradoaei Sebastian
Published: September 2024

This paper describes the process of producing chemosensors based on hybrid nanostructures obtained from Al2O3, as well as ZnO ceramic nanotubes and the following conducting polymers: poly(3-hexylthiophene), polyaniline emeraldine-base (PANI-EB), and poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate. The process for creating ceramic nanotubes involves three steps: creating polymer fiber nets using poly(methyl methacrylate), depositing ceramic films onto the nanofiber nets using magnetron deposition, and heating the nanotubes to 600 °C to burn off the polymer support completely. The technology for obtaining hybrid nanostructures from ceramic nanotubes and conducting polymers is drop-casting. AFM analysis emphasized a higher roughness, mainly in the case of PANI-EB, for both nanotube types, with a much larger grain size dimension of over 5 μm. The values of the parameter Rku were close or slightly above 3, indicating, in all cases, the formation of layers predominantly characterized by peaks and not by depressions, with a Gaussian distribution. An ink-jet printer was used to generate chemiresistors from ceramic nanotubes and PANI-EB structures, and the metallization was made with commercial copper ink for printed electronics. Calibration curves were experimentally generated for both sensing structures across a wider range of NH3 concentrations in air, reaching up to 5 ppm. A 0.5 ppm detection limit was established. The curve for the ZnO:PANI-EB structure presented high linearity and lower resistance values. The sensor could be used in medical diagnosis for the analysis of breath ammonia and biomarkers for predicting CKD in stages higher than 1. The threshold value of 1 ppm represents a feasible value for the presented sensor, which can be defined as a simple, low-value and robust device for individual use, beneficial at the patient level.
Structural Design and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Laminated SiAlON Ceramic Tool Materials
Authors: Wu Wenhao , Xiao Guangchun , Jia Yanjun , Chen Hui , Zhang Jingjie , Yi Mingdong , Chen Zhaoqiang , Xu Chonghai
Published: September 2024

Based on finite element simulation analysis, laminated ceramic tool materials with different structures were designed and the effect of laminated structure on tool state was investigated. Residual stresses in ceramic tool materials increase with the number of layers and layer–thickness ratio. Based on the simulation results, SiAlON-SiC-SiCw/SiAlON-Al2O3 ceramic tool materials (SCWAs) were prepared using the spark plasma sintering process, and the influence of residual stress on the mechanical properties and microstructure of laminated ceramic tool materials was studied. The mechanical properties of ceramic materials were significantly improved under the effect of residual stresses. The fracture toughness of SCWA4 with 7 layers and a layer–thickness ratio of 6 was 6.02 ± 0.19 MPa·m1/2, and the front and side flexural strengths were 602 ± 19 MPa and 595 ± 17 MPa, 36.3% and 39.0% higher than homogeneous SiAlON ceramics, respectively.
Effect of an Ultrasonic Vibration on the Microstructure and Properties of Al Alloy/Steel Laser Welding-Brazing Joints
Authors: Zhang Chao , Du Daozhong , Wu Ziqian , Sun Yubo , Wang Xiaoyang , Long Weimin , Pu Juan
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes the influence of different ultrasonic amplitudes on the microstructure composition, microhardness, tensile strength, and corrosion resistance of Al alloy/steel laser welding-brazing joints assisted by ultrasonic vibration. The application of ultrasonic vibration did not change the microstructure composition of the joints but refined them. The joints were all composed of θ-Fe(Al, Si)3 and τ5-Al7.2Fe1.8Si formed at the interface reaction zone, as well as an α-Al solid solution and Al-Si eutectic phase generated in the weld seam zone. Meanwhile, the thickness of the IMCs at the interface decreased with an increase in the ultrasonic amplitude. When the ultrasonic amplitude was 8 μm, the IMCs thickness was a minimum of 1.62 μm. In this condition, the reduction of the IMCs thickness and the refined grain of joints made the microhardness and tensile strength reach the maximum. The fracture of joints with ultrasonic amplitudes of 0 and 4.8 μm began at the weld seam and extended to the interface reaction zone at the steel side, while the fracture of joints was located in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the Al alloy side when the ultrasonic amplitude was 8.0 and 11.2 μm. The fracture mode of the former presented a typical mixed fracture with cleavage steps and tearing edges, and that of the latter showed ductile fracture with uniform and fine ductile dimples. The corrosion resistance of the joints was improved by adding ultrasonic vibration. When the ultrasonic amplitude was 8 μm, its corrosion resistance was optimum; it was ascribed to a dense oxide film formed on the surface of the metal under the action of ultrasonic vibration.
Comparative Performance of Autoencoders and Traditional Machine Learning Algorithms in Clinical Data Analysis for Predicting Post-Staged GKRS Tumor Dynamics
Authors: Volovăț Simona Ruxandra , Popa Tudor Ovidiu , Rusu Dragoș , Ochiuz Lăcrămioara , Vasincu Decebal , Agop Maricel , Buzea Călin Gheorghe , Volovăț Cristian Constantin
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Accurate prediction of tumor dynamics following Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is critical for optimizing treatment strategies for patients with brain metastases (BMs). Traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms have been widely used for this purpose; however, recent advancements in deep learning, such as autoencoders, offer the potential to enhance predictive accuracy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of autoencoders compared to traditional ML models in predicting tumor progression or regression after GKRS. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to assess whether integrating autoencoder-derived features into traditional ML models can improve their performance in predicting tumor dynamics three months post-GKRS in patients with brain metastases. Methods: This retrospective analysis utilized clinical data from 77 patients treated at the “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinic Hospital-Iasi. Twelve variables, including socio-demographic, clinical, treatment, and radiosurgery-related factors, were considered. Tumor progression or regression within three months post-GKRS was the primary outcome, with 71 cases of regression and 6 cases of progression. Traditional ML models, such as Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Extra Trees, Random Forest, and XGBoost, were trained and evaluated. The study further explored the impact of incorporating features derived from autoencoders, particularly focusing on the effect of compression in the bottleneck layer on model performance. Results: Traditional ML models achieved accuracy rates ranging from 0.91 (KNN) to 1.00 (Extra Trees). Integrating autoencoder-derived features generally enhanced model performance. Logistic Regression saw an accuracy increase from 0.91 to 0.94, and SVM improved from 0.85 to 0.96. XGBoost maintained consistent performance with an accuracy of 0.94 and an AUC of 0.98, regardless of the feature set used. These results demonstrate that hybrid models combining deep learning and traditional ML techniques can improve predictive accuracy. Conclusion: The study highlights the potential of hybrid models incorporating autoencoder-derived features to enhance the predictive accuracy and robustness of traditional ML models in forecasting tumor dynamics post-GKRS. These advancements could significantly contribute to personalized medicine, enabling more precise and individualized treatment planning based on refined predictive insights, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Perioperative Care for Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Rudiman Reno , Hanafi Ricarhdo Valentino
Published: September 2024

This review will start with a brief pathophysiology of obesity and the requirement for bariatric surgery, and it continues with a preoperative assessment, which includes a surgical mortality risk assessment, respiratory and cardiovascular assessments, and a psychological assessment. In-hospital postoperative care will be discussed, including which patients need a surgical intensive care unit and the monitoring tools required. The need for postoperative medications, postoperative complications, strategies for management, and a follow-up plan are also reviewed. This manuscript is written in a narrative review form with a chance of bias as a possible limitation.
The Value of C-Reactive Protein and Peritoneal Cytokines as Early Predictors of Anastomotic Leak after Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Mužina Dubravka , Kopljar Mario , Bilić Zdenko , Davidović Blaženka Ladika , Glavčić Goran , Janković Suzana , Mačkić Monika
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and intraperitoneal CRP, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in early diagnostics of anastomotic leakage in the first 4 postoperative days after colorectal surgery. Methods: Between January 2023 and June 2023, one hundred patients with colorectal carcinoma were operated on with primary anastomosis. Ten patients had anastomotic leak (10%). Results: Based on serum CRP, a patient with a leak will be detected with a 78% probability on postoperative day 3 with values above 169.0 mg/L and on postoperative day 4 with values equal to 159.0 mg/L and above. Intraperitoneal CRP values greater than 56 mg/L on the fourth postoperative day indicate a 78% probability of a diagnosis of leakage. An anastomotic leak will be detected with a 70.0% probability based on an IL-6 value on the first day, at a cut-off value of 42,150. The accuracy of TNF-alpha in predicting anastomotic leak in the first two days is 70% at values higher than 78.00 on the first and 58.50 on the second postoperative day. Conclusion: In this study serum CRP proved to be the most accurate in predicting anastomotic dehiscence after colorectal surgery.