bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theodor Oberländer and the Nachtigall Battalion in 1959/60—an Entangled History of Propaganda, Politics, and Memory in East and West
Authors: Struve Kai
Published: February 2023

This article analyzes the East German and Soviet campaign against the West German federal minister Theodor Oberländer in 1959–60 as an exemplary case of how the Cold War and east-west entanglements influenced the memory of the Holocaust and Stalinist crimes. These entanglements were complex and went beyond the relations between the two German states. The article examines also the interrelations with the Soviet Union's propagandistic struggle against Ukrainian nationalism. It addresses the diverse impact that the campaign had in the two German states, the Ukrainian diaspora, and the Soviet Union. It argues that in the German context the campaign contributed to critical reckonings and remembrance of the Holocaust, which it did not do in the Soviet Union and among the Ukrainian diaspora. Moreover, in the Soviet Union it amplified an enemy image of Ukrainian nationalism that still exists today and serves Russia to justify its current war against Ukraine with the accusation that Ukraine is ruled by a “Nazi” regime.
Transient Behavior and Interplay Between Seismic and Aseismic Deformation Near the Tip of a Creeping Segment: Insights From the Northern Jordan Valley Segment of the Dead Sea Fault
Authors: Hamiel Yariv , Piatibratova Oksana
Published: February 2023

Transient aseismic deformation is observed using dense geodetic measurements across the northern Jordan Valley Fault (JVF) segment of the Dead Sea Fault (DSF). The fault was creeping until 2013 at a rate of 2.6 ± 0.3 mm/yr. It stopped creeping between 2013 and 2018 and then started creeping again at a similar rate. These transitions between the creep and locked modes of deformation correlate well with the 2013 and 2018 seismic sequences that occurred near the tip of the northern JVF creeping segment. The creep caused the accumulation of Coulomb stresses near the fault tip, which promoted earthquake nucleation in this region. The 2013 seismic sequence, with a maximum moment magnitude of 3.7, was probably too small to release these stresses, and they were released during the 2018 seismic sequence, with a maximum moment magnitude of 4.5, which allowed the fault to creep again. We suggest that seismic activity will continue to occur near the tip of the northern JVF creeping segment.
Everything Hits at Once: How Remote Rainfall Matters for the Prediction of the 2021 North American Heat Wave
Authors: Oertel A. , Pickl M. , Quinting J. F. , Hauser S. , Wandel J. , Magnusson L. , Balmaseda M. , Vitart F. , Grams C. M.
Published: February 2023

In June 2021, Western North America experienced an intense heat wave with unprecedented temperatures and far‐reaching socio‐economic consequences. Anomalous rainfall in the West Pacific triggers a cascade of weather events across the Pacific, which build up a high‐amplitude ridge over Canada and ultimately lead to the heat wave. We show that the response of the jet stream to diabatically enhanced ascending motion in extratropical cyclones represents a predictability barrier with regard to the heat wave magnitude. Therefore, probabilistic weather forecasts are only able to predict the extremity of the heat wave once the complex cascade of weather events is captured. Our results highlight the key role of the sequence of individual weather events in limiting the predictability of this extreme event. We therefore conclude that it is not sufficient to consider such rare events in isolation but it is essential to account for the whole cascade over different spatiotemporal scales.
Steady‐State Effective Normal Stress in Subduction Zones Based on Hydraulic Models and Implications for Shallow Slow Earthquakes
Authors: Kaneki Shunya , Noda Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

The spatial distribution of effective normal stress, , is essential for understanding the fault motion. Although Rice (1992, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-6142(08)62835-1) proposed a steady‐state solution for a vertical strike‐slip fault zone with constant fluid properties, models that are based on the concept by Rice (1992, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-6142(08)62835-1) and are applicable for other tectonic settings have not yet been developed. Such a model is particularly important in subduction zones because the relationship between low and slow earthquakes is often discussed. To quantitatively examine the causes of a local decrease in on a shallow region of the subduction zone, we performed model calculations that incorporated mechanisms characteristic to subduction zones. Our basic model, which considers the effect of smectite dehydration and the mechanical effect of subduction, yields results that are consistent with those reported by Rice (1992, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-6142(08)62835-1): the gradient of remarkably decreases with the increase in depth, whereas the realistic fluid properties rule out nearly constant at depth. We obtained a monotonic increase in with the increase in depth for the physically sound solutions and failed to generate a local decrease in . The presence of a splay fault and fluid leakage though it cannot decrease locally. We found that a local decrease in permeability decreased locally around an impermeable zone and, thus, possibly led to the occurrence of shallow slow earthquakes. The water release caused by the dehydration reaction may not be the dominant factor, although smectite dehydration releases silica and promotes its precipitation.
Modeling disrupted synapse formation in wolfram syndrome using hESCs-derived neural cells and cerebral organoids identifies Riluzole as a therapeutic molecule
Authors: Yuan Fei , Li Yana , Hu Rui , Gong Mengting , Chai Mengyao , Ma Xuefei , Cha Jiaxue , Guo Pan , Yang Kaijiang , Li Mushan , Xu Minglu , Ma Qing , Su Qiang , Zhang Chuan , Sheng Zhejin , Wu Heng , Wang Yuan , Yuan Wen , Bian Shan , Shao Li , Zhang Ru , Li Kaicheng , Shao Zhen , Zhang Zhen-Ning , Li Weida
Published: February 2023

Dysregulated neurite outgrowth and synapse formation underlie many psychiatric disorders, which are also manifested by wolfram syndrome (WS). Whether and how the causative gene WFS1 deficiency affects synapse formation remain elusive. By mirroring human brain development with cerebral organoids, WFS1-deficient cerebral organoids not only recapitulate the neuronal loss in WS patients, but also exhibit significantly impaired synapse formation and function associated with reduced astrocytes. WFS1 deficiency in neurons autonomously delays neuronal differentiation with altered expressions of genes associated with psychiatric disorders, and impairs neurite outgrowth and synapse formation with elevated cytosolic calcium. Intriguingly, WFS1 deficiency in astrocytes decreases the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT2 by NF-κB activation and induces excessive glutamate. When co-cultured with wildtype neurons, WFS1-deficient astrocytes lead to impaired neurite outgrowth and increased cytosolic calcium in neurons. Importantly, disrupted synapse formation and function in WFS1-deficient cerebral organoids and impaired neurite outgrowth affected by WFS1-deficient astrocytes are efficiently reversed with Riluzole treatment, by restoring EAAT2 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, Riluzole rescues the depressive-like behavior in the forced swimming test and the impaired recognition and spatial memory in the novel object test and water maze test in Wfs1 conditional knockout mice. Altogether, our study provides novel insights into how WFS1 deficiency affects synapse formation and function, and offers a strategy to treat this disease.
Shape classification technology of pollinated tomato flowers for robotic implementation
Authors: Hiraguri Takefumi , Kimura Tomotaka , Endo Keita , Ohya Takeshi , Takanashi Takuma , Shimizu Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

Three pollination methods are commonly used in the greenhouse cultivation of tomato. These are pollination using insects, artificial pollination (by manually vibrating flowers), and plant growth regulators. Insect pollination is the preferred natural technique. We propose a new pollination method, using flower classification technology with Artificial Intelligence (AI) administered by drones or robots. To pollinate tomato flowers, drones or robots must recognize and classify flowers that are ready to be pollinated. Therefore, we created an AI image classification system using a machine learning convolutional neural network (CNN). A challenge is to successfully classify flowers while the drone or robot is constantly moving. For example, when the plant is shaking due to wind or vibration caused by the drones or robots. The AI classifier was based on an image analysis algorithm for pollination flower shape. The experiment was performed in a tomato greenhouse and aimed for an accuracy rate of at least 70% for sufficient pollination. The most suitable flower shape was confirmed by the fruiting rate. Tomato fruit with the best shape were formed by this method. Although we targeted tomatoes, the AI image classification technology is adaptable for cultivating other species for a smart agricultural future.
Group threat, political extremity, and collective dynamics in online discussions
Authors: Bacaksizlar Turbic N. Gizem , Galesic Mirta
Published: February 2023

Collectives adapt their network structure to the challenges they face. It has been hypothesized that collectives experiencing a real or imagined threat from an outgroup tend to consolidate behind a few group members, and that network structures in which a few members attract most of the attention are more likely in politically extreme groups. These hypotheses have not been tested in large-scale real-world settings. We reconstruct networks of tens of thousands of commenters participating in comment sections of high-profile U.S. political news websites spanning the political spectrum from left to right, including Mother Jones, The Atlantic, The Hill, and Breitbart. We investigate the relationship between different indices of inequality of attention in commenters’ networks and perceived group threat associated with significant societal events, from elections and political rallies to mass shootings. Our findings support the hypotheses that groups facing a real or imagined outgroup threat and groups that are more politically extreme are more likely to attend to a few high-profile members. These results provide an extensive real-world test of theoretical accounts of collective adaptation to outgroup threats.
Gut microbiota of Parkinson’s disease in an appendectomy cohort: a preliminary study
Authors: Nakahara Keiichi , Nakane Shunya , Ishii Kazuo , Ikeda Tokunori , Ando Yukio
Published: February 2023

In patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), α-synuclein pathology is thought to spread to the brain via the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The link between the gut microbiome and PD has been explored in various studies. The appendix might play an important role in immunity by maintaining the microbiota as a reservoir. In recent times, appendectomy has been linked to a lower risk of PD, possibly owing to the role of the appendix in altering the gut microbiome. We aimed to elucidate whether the gut microbiota affects PD development in the appendectomy cohort. We analyzed the fecal microbial composition in patients with PD and healthy controls with and without a history of appendectomy. The abundance of microbes from the family Enterobacteriaceae was higher in feces samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to that in samples collected from healthy controls. Furthermore, there was a significant phylogenetic difference between patients with PD and healthy controls who had undergone appendectomy. There was a significant phylogenetic difference between patients with PD and HCs who had undergone APP. These results suggest the correlation between gut microbiota and PD in patients who have undergone APP.
Investigation of structural, optical, morphological, photoluminescence and antimicrobial properties of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ nanophosphor by using urea fuel combustion method
Authors: Litoriya Praveen Kumar , Kurmi Swati , Verma Ashish
Published: February 2023

In the present study, the Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09) phosphor were synthesized by urea fuel combustion method at 580 °C temperature with very high brightness and long after glow. The structural studies carried out using XRD technique shows that the sample is single phased in nature and it gets crystallized into monoclinic phase with standard JCPDS 34-0379 card. The oxide formation was examined using FTIR technique. UV–Visible spectroscopy has been used to study the optical band gap of material, it’s value in the current case, Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.05) is 3.78 eV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirm the formation of nano particle, with average particle size around 6–25 nm. The elemental composition was confirmed by using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique. The photo-luminescence study revealed that it gives broad emission spectra using excitation wavelength λex = 365 nm. It is observed that the Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.05) phosphor give maximum emission intensity and it can be regulated as green (0.23, 0.49) emission with the colour temperature 3224 K, CRI 78, and colour purity 60.69%. The spectra are intense and lie in the visible range. The green lights can regulate the circadian rhythm through melatonin, and it is also suitable for green LED and other optoelectronic devices. The Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.00 and 0.05) phosphor behaves like eco-materials, because nano particles of Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.05) does not show antimicrobial activity.
A deep learning model for detection of leukocytes under various interference factors
Authors: Li Meiyu , Lin Cong , Ge Peng , Li Lei , Song Shuang , Zhang Hanshan , Lu Lu , Liu Xiaoxiang , Zheng Fang , Zhang Shijie , Sun Xuguo
Published: February 2023

The accurate detection of leukocytes is the basis for the diagnosis of blood system diseases. However, diagnosing leukocyte disorders by doctors is time-consuming and requires extensive experience. Automated detection methods with high accuracy can improve detection efficiency and provide recommendations to inexperienced doctors. Current methods and instruments either fail to automate the identification process fully or have low performance and need suitable leukocyte data sets for further study. To improve the current status, we need to develop more intelligent strategies. This paper investigates fulfilling high-performance automatic detection for leukocytes using a deep learning-based method. We established a new dataset more suitable for leukocyte detection, containing 6273 images (8595 leukocytes) and considering nine common clinical interference factors. Based on the dataset, the performance evaluation of six mainstream detection models is carried out, and a more robust ensemble model is proposed. The mean of average precision (mAP) @IoU = 0.50:0.95 and mean of average recall (mAR)@IoU = 0.50:0.95 of the ensemble model on the test set are 0.853 and 0.922, respectively. The detection performance of poor-quality images is robust. For the first time, it is found that the ensemble model yields an accuracy of 98.84% for detecting incomplete leukocytes. In addition, we also compared the test results of different models and found multiple identical false detections of the models, then provided correct suggestions for the clinic.
Hydrogen production by the steam reforming of synthetic biogas in atmospheric-pressure microwave (915 MHz) plasma
Authors: Hrycak Bartosz , Mizeraczyk J. , Czylkowski D. , Dors M. , Budnarowska M. , Jasiński M.
Published: February 2023

This paper is a contribution to the development of microwave plasma-based technology aimed at efficient hydrogen (H2) production from a so-called synthetic biogas, considered a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which can contain up to 70% CH4. In this work, we tested the performance of a waveguide-supplied metal cylinder-based microwave plasma source (MPS) operating at 915 MHz at atmospheric pressure as a tool for the efficient production of H2 in the steam reforming of the synthetic biogas. The test showed that the steam reforming of the synthetic biogas could be carried out under a wide range of working parameters without soot formation and extinction of the microwave discharge. We found that there is a minimal H2Osteam consumption rate for a given CH4 input volume content, which ensures stable operation of the MPS (no soot). The experiments did not show that increasing the amount of H2Osteam rate above the minimal value for a given CH4 input volume content results in an increase in the H2 production rate, energy yield, CH4 conversion degree, and H2 output concentration. To describe the MPS performance, which also takes into account a factor of the utilization of the CH4 feedstock, we introduced a new parameter, called an energy–CH4 feedstock consumption yield. The best results in terms of the H2 production rate, the energy yield, and the CH4 conversion degree were 239 g[H2]/h 36.8 g[H2]/kWh, and 74.3%, respectively. This shows that the application of the steam reforming, instead of the dry reforming, resulted in a 1.5-fold increase of the H2 production rate and the corresponding energy yield.
Disposable-micropipette tip supported electrified liquid–organogel interface as a platform for sensing acetylcholine
Authors: Sudalaimani S. , Arun S. , Esokkiya A. , Sanjeev Kumar K. , Sivakumar C. , Giribabu K.
Published: February 2023

A disposable micropipette tip based liquid–organogel interface, in the presence/absence of calixarene has been developed as a platform for sensing acetylcholine and is highly suitable for electrified soft interface sensing applications.
Radical-mediated photoredox hydroarylation with thiosulfonate
Authors: Wan Xiaoyuan , Wang Dahan , Huang Huawen , Mao Guo-Jiang , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: February 2023

Radical-mediated photoredox hydroarylation reaction of unactivated alkenes using thiosulfonate compounds as key radical precursors to synthesize pyridyquinazolinone and pyrroloquinazolinone derivatives is described.
An experimental, computational, and uncertainty analysis study of the rates of iodoalkane trapping by DABCO in solution phase organic media
Authors: Grubel Katarzyna , Rosenthal W. Steven , Autrey Tom , Henson Neil J. , Koh Katherine , Flowers Sarah , Blake Thomas A.
Published: February 2023

The calculated transition state structure of 1-iodobutane reacting with DABCO is shown. The kinetic rates of this reaction in several organic solvents and temperatures have been measured along with those of iodomethane reacting with DABCO.
High-performance aqueous rechargeable nickel//bismuth batteries with Bi2MoO6@rGO and Co0.5Ni0.5MoO4@rGO as electrode materials
Authors: Kang Wei-Wei , Zhao Ya-Nan , Zhang Wen-Qing , Sun Ying , Zhang Xue-Qin , Yi Gui-Yun , Huang Guang-Xu , Xing Bao-Lin , Zhang Chuan-Xiang , Lin Bao-Ping
Published: February 2023

Aqueous rechargeable nickel–bismuth batteries have surfaced as a prospective energy storage and conversion system because of their merits of good safety, high power density, and low cost.
Red-shifted and pH-responsive imidazole-based azo dyes with potent antimicrobial activity
Authors: Dantas Daniela , Ribeiro Ana I. , Carvalho Filipe , Gil-Martins Eva , Silva Renata , Remião Fernando , Zille Andrea , Cerqueira Fátima , Pinto Eugénia , Dias Alice M.
Published: February 2023

A novel route is described to obtain antimicrobial 2-aminoimidazole azo dyes with a unique substituent pattern in the heteroaryl unit that provides halochromic properties, exhibiting vibrant colours that change from magenta to deep blue.
Multi-point study of the energy release and impulsive CME dynamics in an eruptive C7 flare
Authors: Saqri Jonas , Veronig Astrid M. , Dickson Ewan C. M. , Podladchikova Tatiana , Warmuth Alexander , Xiao Hualin , Gary Dale E. , Battaglia Andrea Francesco , Krucker Säm
Published: February 2023

Context. The energy release in eruptive flares and the kinematics of the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are interlinked and require favorable observing positions as both on-disk and off–limb signatures are necessary to characterize these events.

Aims. We combine observations from different vantage points to perform a detailed study of a long duration eruptive C7 class flare that occurred on 17 April 2021 and was partially occulted from Earth view. The dynamics and thermal properties of the flare-related plasma flows, the flaring arcade, and the energy releases and particle acceleration are studied together with the kinematic evolution of the associated CME in order to place this long duration event in context of previous eruptive flare studies.

Methods. We use data from the Spectrometer-Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) onboard the Solar Orbiter to analyze the spectral characteristics, timing, and spatial distribution of the flare X-ray emission. Data from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) onboard the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory-Ahead (STEREO-A) spacecraft are used for context images as well as to track the ejected plasma close to the Sun. With Atmospheric Imaging Assembly extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, the flare is observed off–limb and differential emission measure maps are reconstructed. The coronagraphs onboard STEREO-A are used to track the CME out to around 8 R⊙.

Results. The flare showed hard X-ray (HXR) bursts over the duration of an hour in two phases lasting from 16:04 UT to 17:05 UT. During the first phase, a strong increase in emission from hot plasma and impulsive acceleration of the CME was observed. The CME acceleration profile shows a three-part evolution of slow rise, acceleration, and propagation in line with the first STIX HXR burst phase, which is triggered by a rising hot (14 MK) plasmoid. During the CME acceleration phase, we find signatures of ongoing magnetic reconnection behind the erupting structure, in agreement with the standard eruptive flare scenario. The subsequent HXR bursts that occur about 30 min after the primary CME acceleration show a spectral hardening (from δ ≈ 7 to δ ≈ 4) but do not correspond to further CME acceleration and chromospheric evaporation. Therefore, the CME-flare feedback relationship may only be of significance within the first 25 min. of the event under study, as thereafter the flare and the CME eruption evolve independently of each other.
Every cell needs a beautiful image: on-the-fly contacting measurements for high-throughput production
Authors: Kurumundayil Leslie , Ramspeck Klaus , Rein Stefan , Demant Matthias
Published: February 2023

The future of the energy transition will lead to a terrawatt-scale photovoltaic market, which can be served cost-effectively primarily by means of high-throughput production of solar cells. In addition to high-throughput production, characterization must be adapted to highest cycle times. Therefore, we present an innovative approach to detect image defects in solar cells using on-the-fly electroluminescence measurements. When a solar cell passes a standard current–voltage (I–V) unit, the cell is stopped, contacted, measured, released, and afterwards again accelerated. In contrast to this, contacting and measuring the sample on-the-fly saves a lot of time. Yet, the resulting images are blurred due to high-speed motion. For the development of such an on-the-fly contact measurement tool, a deblurring method is developed in this work. Our deep-learning-based deblurring model enables to present a clean EL image of the solar cell to the human operator and allows for a proper defect detection, reaching a correlation coefficient of 0.84.
How Nudge can support Smart Governance in Smart Cities Ecosystems: An A4A framework
Authors: Guazzo Gianluca Maria , Çekani Vilma
Published: February 2023

Smart cities can be defined as a place where traditional networks and services are made more efficient through the use of ICT innovations for the benefit of their citizens and business (European Commission, 2022). This implies that smart cities are ecosystems where each actor, thanks to new technological solutions, can contribute to the good of the community by nudging a series of behaviors aimed at social rather than individual wellbeing. Nudging can improve citizens’ engagement in the smart governance decision-making process and influence their behavior in smart cities. There is a similarity between nudges and smart cities as they both aim to offer an optimal lifestyle as well as a sustainable and healthier one. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present how nudge can influence smart governance, supporting factors such as policy domain, trust, political and institutional environment, and internet reach and use by using the cyclical model of the actor-for-actor model (A4A), which gives a panorama on their intentionality and finality alignment, while exploring how resource integration works. Therefore, this theoretical study shows all variable’s relationships and their impact on supporting smart governance in smart city ecosystems by having citizens as major actors. This research can support policymakers to understand better the citizen’s engagement citizens and prepare through ICT technologies the possible choices for them to help integrate their resources.
Nature-Based Solutions: A Smart Way to Improve Urban Resilience in the Face of Climate Change
Authors: Calabrese Mario , Iandolo Francesca , Vito Pietro , D’Amore Raffaele , Caputo Francesco
Published: February 2023

This paper provides an overview of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), a new emerging concept in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. It introduces a typology of NBS, from minimal intervention to the highest degree of engineering, and provides examples of each. It also provides an overview of the ‘Life Metro Adapt’ project, which focused on the climate problems of the Milan Metropolitan City and supported the development of climate change adaptation strategies through alternative, nature-based solutions. Finally, the paper stresses the need for increased awareness of environmental issues, in order to ensure that NBS become ‘commonplace’ today and can be perfected in the future.
Service innovation roadmaps as benchmarks for organizational learning
Authors: Warg Markus , Frosch Markus , Weiss Peter , Zolnowski Andreas
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to better understand how responsible entities like people, organizations, regional governments can approach their learning and development strategies [15]. Despite all the heterogeneity in the respective “run-transform-innovate” contexts of the different responsible entities, they all have in common that they have to become “better future versions of themselves” to overcome their challenges [40]. Using the example of organizations, the concept of Service Innovation Roadmaps (SIR’s) is introduced to broaden a discussion in this area that has so far been very technology-focused [15, 28, 40]. In order to identify and take into account new dimensions and to give greater consideration to other nontechnological aspects as well, the research design of “theory adaptation” is chosen [16].
Engaging Youth Led Organizations for Inclusive Service Innovation: Illustrative Case Study
Authors: Badr Nabil Georges , Chebib Elsa Merhi
Published: February 2023

Youth are already having an impact on community change. Youth-led non-profit organizations (YLO) empower young citizens to design and implement effective, innovative, and sustainable development initiatives. In this illustrative case study, we highlight the ability of Lebanese youth-led organizations to engage in service innovation and promote the advancement of sustainable development objectives for their society. We present examples of social innovation and sustainable development ecosystems. Finally, we frame our approach with a service-dominant logic as an interpretative framework and provide illustrative cases to draw on our learnings and articulate the role of YLOs in defining the agenda for sustainable development in inclusive service innovation.
Towards a Rule Modeling Framework for Context-aware Smart Service Systems
Authors: Vu Thi My Hang , Pham Thi Thanh Thoa , Le Dinh Thang
Published: February 2023

Since business rules aim at enforcing regulations in an organization, they are critical in governing business activities from a managerial standpoint. On the other hand, another type of rules has emerged in context-aware service systems: context rules. Context rules are employed for context reasoning to recommend and operate the right services in an appropriate manner. In this sense, context rules ensure the smartness of services in smart service systems. For decades, researchers and practitioners have addressed rule modelling and rule management in information systems and business services. However, in relation to context-aware services in smart service systems, there is a lack of exploring the rule aspect, especially considering how business rules and context rules are involved in such a system. The purpose of this paper is to propose a rule modelling framework (called RuCBS framework) for expressing rules in context-aware smart service systems over the three aspects of service science (Management, Science, and Engineering). The framework presents concepts, a meta-model that connects these concepts, and rule patterns. The framework is validated with a case study on banking services. Future research directions on rules in context-aware smart service systems are also discussed.
The Stakeholder Onboarding Model: Addressing the Challenges of Multi-Stakeholder Onboarding
Authors: Stodolka Wibke , Mayer Julia , Duparc Estelle , Steffen Barbara
Published: February 2023

Today, more and more digital services get designed to address multi-stakeholder challenges easing transactions and communication along supply chains. Here, it is essential that the digital services address the underlying challenges and satisfy all relevant stakeholders sufficiently. Especially, the multi-stakeholder onboarding is essential as a problem - digital service fit by itself does not guarantee the support and adoption of all stakeholders. Given the stakeholders’ unique roles and responsibilities they all pose different needs and requirements complicating the onboarding process. To ensure that the essential stakeholder requirements are met, we propose the adoption of the Stakeholder Onboarding Model (SOM) when designing multi-stakeholder projects, such as digital services. It is a step-by-step guide towards designing attractive and customized digital services to the network at question. The SOM adopts and combines the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Stage-Gate Model (SGM) towards a continuous improvement and reflection cycle. It is intended to guide the stakeholder management process from the design to the implementation of the digital solution. This paper adopts and evaluates the SOM with a practical use case from port logistics. Subsequently, its usefulness, applicability, and generality get discussed leading to the first iterations of the SOM.
PPmP
Authors: Beutel Manfred
Published: February 2023

Liebe Kolleginnen, liebe Kollegen,

die Weltgesundheitsorganisation hat 2021 die „Dekade des gesunden
Alterns“ ausgerufen, als Reaktion auf den demografischen Wandel der
Weltbevölkerung. Die globale Strategie soll sich dabei sowohl an
hochwertiger Evidenz als auch an den Erwartungen und Prioritäten
älterer Menschen orientieren. In den letzten Jahren hat auch in Deutschland
die gesunde Lebensspanne deutlich zugenommen, auch wenn die mittlere Lebenserwartung
laut Statistischem Bundesamt (https://www.destatis.de/) unter der Pandemie
insgesamt etwas rückläufig war. Die Nationale Akademie der
Wissenschaften Leopoldina (2020) hat in ihrem Zukunftsreport für Deutschland
daher eine breit aufgestellte Alterns- und Lebensverlaufsforschung gefordert, um ein
längeres Leben für einzelne und die Gesellschaft als Ganzes besser
zu gestalten 1.
Current Practice in the Treatment of Epithelial and Melanocytic Tumours with Interferon-α2b: A Survey of Tertiary Eye Centres in Germany
Authors: Jiang Jana , Böhringer Daniel , Auw-Hädrich Claudia , Maier Philip Christian , Barth Teresa , Eter Nicole , Fuest Matthias , Geerling Gerd , Heindl Ludwig M. , Herwig-Carl Martina , Hintschich Christoph , Hufendiek Katerina , Kampik Daniel , Lieb Wolfgang , Meller Daniel , Mueller Arthur , Pfeiffer Norbert , Rehak Matus , Schargus Marc , Seitz Berthold , Spitzer Martin , Stahl Andreas , Süsskind Daniela , van Oterendorp Christian , Wagner Felix Mathias , Westekemper Henrike , Ziemssen Focke , Reinhard Thomas
Published: February 2023

Purpose To evaluate the standard of care, in particular the use of topical or subconjunctival interferon-α2b, in treating ocular surface squamous neoplasia or melanocytic
tumours in tertiary eye centres in Germany.

Methods A survey containing 14 questions was sent to 43 tertiary eye centres in Germany. The questions addressed the surgical and medical management of ocular surface squamous
neoplasia and melanocytic tumours (primary acquired melanosis and malignant melanoma), as well as the clinical experiences and difficulties in prescribing off-label interferon-α2b eye
drops and subconjunctival injections.

Results Twenty-four tertiary eye centres responded to the survey. Eighty-three percent of centres had used interferon-α2b in their clinical practice and 25% prescribed it as
the first-line cytostatic agent following surgical excision of ocular surface squamous neoplasia, while 10% would do so for melanocytic tumours. Correspondingly, the majority of respondents
selected mitomycin C as their first-line agent. Side effects were uncommon with topical interferon-α2b eye drops but were more frequently reported after subconjunctival
interferon-α2b injections. In total, eight centres had experience with interferon-α2b injections. The most significant obstacles perceived by ophthalmologists when prescribing
interferon-α2b were its high cost and the reimbursement thereof.

Conclusion Off-label mitomycin C was the preferred adjuvant therapy for epithelial and melanocytic tumours, with interferon-α2b being the standard second-line option.
Interferon-α2b has predominantly been used to treat ocular surface squamous neoplasia and, to a lesser extent, melanocytic tumours at German tertiary eye centres. Following its market
withdrawal, supply shortages of interferon-α2b are likely to have a profound impact on patient care and their quality of life.
Endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary lesions in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis compared with sporadic lesions: a propensity score-matched cohort
Authors: Vu Trung Kien , Abou-Ali Einas , Caillol Fabrice , Paik Woo H. , Napoleon Bertrand , Masaryk Viliam , van der Wiel Sophia E. , Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique , Musquer Nicolas , Halimi Asif , Soares Kevin , Souche Francois R. , Seyfried Steffen , Petrone Maria C. , Crippa Stefano , Kleemann Tobias , Albers David , Weismüller Tobias J. , Dugic Ana , Meier Benjamin , Wedi Edris , Schiemer Moritz , Regner Sara , Gaujoux Sebastien , Hollenbach Marcus ,   ESAP Study Group
Published: February 2023

Background Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare inherited syndrome that predisposes the patient to cancer. Treatment of FAP-related ampullary lesions is challenging and the role of endoscopic papillectomy has not been elucidated. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of endoscopic papillectomy in matched cohorts of FAP-related and sporadic ampullary lesions (SALs).

Methods This retrospective multicenter study included 1422 endoscopic papillectomy procedures. Propensity score matching including age, sex, comorbidity, histologic subtype, and size was performed. Main outcomes were complete resection (R0), technical success, complications, and recurrence.

Results Propensity score matching identified 202 patients (101 FAP, 101 SAL) with comparable baseline characteristics. FAP patients were mainly asymptomatic (79.2 % [95 %CI 71.2–87.3] vs. 46.5 % [95 %CI 36.6–56.4]); P < 0.001). The initial R0 rate was significantly lower in FAP patients (63.4 % [95 %CI 53.8–72.9] vs. 83.2 % [95 %CI 75.8–90.6]; P = 0.001). After repeated interventions (mean 1.30 per patient), R0 was comparable (FAP 93.1 % [95 %CI 88.0–98.1] vs. SAL 97.0 % [95 %CI 93.7–100]; P = 0.19). Adverse events occurred in 28.7 %. Pancreatitis and bleeding were the most common adverse events in both groups. Severe adverse events were rare (3.5 %). Overall, 21 FAP patients (20.8 % [95 %CI 12.7–28.8]) and 16 SAL patients (15.8 % [95 %CI 8.6–23.1]; P = 0.36) had recurrence. Recurrences occurred later in FAP patients (25 [95 %CI 18.3–31.7] vs. 2 [95 %CI CI 0.06–3.9] months).

Conclusions Endoscopic papillectomy was safe and effective in FAP-related ampullary lesions. Criteria for endoscopic resection of ampullary lesions can be extended to FAP patients. FAP patients have a lifetime risk of relapse even after complete resection, and require long-time surveillance.
A Surgical Framework for the Management of Incomplete Axillary Nerve Injuries
Authors: Chi David , Ha Austin Y. , Alotaibi Fawaz , Pripotnev Stahs , Patterson Brendan C. M. , Fongsri Warangkana , Gouda Mahmoud , Kahn Lorna C. , Mackinnon Susan E.
Published: February 2023

Background Axillary nerve injury is the most common nerve injury affecting shoulder function. Nerve repair, grafting, and/or end-to-end nerve transfers are used to reconstruct complete neurotmetic axillary nerve injuries. While many incomplete axillary nerve injuries self-resolve, axonotmetic injuries are unpredictable, and incomplete recovery occurs. Similarly, recovery may be further inhibited by superimposed compression neuropathy at the quadrangular space. The current framework for managing incomplete axillary injuries typically does not include surgery.

Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of 23 consecutive patients with incomplete axillary nerve palsy who underwent quadrangular space decompression with additional selective medial triceps to axillary end-to-side nerve transfers in 7 patients between 2015 and 2019. Primary outcome variables included the proportion of patients with shoulder abduction M3 or greater as measured on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, and shoulder pain measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcome variables included pre- and postoperative Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) scores.

Results A total of 23 patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent nerve surgery a mean 10.7 months after injury. Nineteen (83%) patients achieved MRC grade 3 shoulder abduction or greater after intervention, compared with only 4 (17%) patients preoperatively (p = 0.001). There was a significant decrease in VAS shoulder pain scores of 4.2 ± 2.5 preoperatively to 1.9 ± 2.4 postoperatively (p < 0.001). The DASH scores also decreased significantly from 48.8 ± 19.0 preoperatively to 30.7 ± 20.4 postoperatively (p < 0.001). Total follow-up was 17.3 ± 4.3 months.

Conclusion A surgical framework is presented for the appropriate diagnosis and surgical management of incomplete axillary nerve injury. Quadrangular space decompression with or without selective medial triceps to axillary end-to-side nerve transfers is associated with improvement in shoulder abduction strength, pain, and DASH scores in patients with incomplete axillary nerve palsy.
Development of five-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Shimojima T. , Nakamura A. , Ishizaka K.
Published: February 2023

By combining the scanning transmission electron microscopy with the ultrafast optical pump–probe technique, we improved the time resolution by a factor of ∼1012 for the differential phase contrast and convergent-beam electron diffraction imaging. These methods provide ultrafast nanoscale movies of physical quantities in nano-materials, such as crystal lattice deformation, magnetization vector, and electric field. We demonstrate the observations of the photo-induced acoustic phonon propagation with an accuracy of 4 ps and 8 nm and the ultrafast demagnetization under zero magnetic field with 10 ns and 400 nm resolution, by utilizing these methods.
Kinetic theory of parametric decay instabilities near the upper hybrid resonance in plasmas
Authors: Han Jiangyue , Gao Zhe , Hansen S. K.
Published: February 2023

Parametric decay instabilities (PDIs) near the upper hybrid resonance layer are studied with a 1D framework. In a uniform plasma, the kinetic nonlinear dispersion relation of PDI is numerically calculated for parameters corresponding to electron cyclotron heating experiments at the ASDEX-U tokamak, in which O-mode radiation was converted to X-mode radiation by reflection from the high-field sidewall. The forward scattering processes driven by X-mode and linearly converted electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) are investigated and found to lead to a primary PDI where the pump waves decay into lower hybrid waves and sideband EBWs. A frequency shift of 930 MHz is obtained for the sideband EBWs in the primary PDIs. Subsequently, the sideband EBWs can decay into a low-frequency ion Bernstein quasi-mode (IBQM) and a secondary EBW, where the dominant forward scattering channel is the first-order IBQM with a frequency close to twice the ion cyclotron frequency. The decay channels obtained by numerical calculation can explain the characteristics of the signal observed in ASDEX-U experiments. The threshold of the pump electric field strength required to excite the primary PDI in the presence of plasma inhomogeneity is also estimated.
Mathematical modeling of morphological changes in photochromic crystals by catastrophe theory
Authors: Suzui Hirotsugu , Uchiyama Kazuharu , Uchida Kingo , Horisaki Ryoichi , Hori Hirokazu , Naruse Makoto
Published: February 2023

Photochromic diarylethene is known to exhibit reversible photoisomerization under irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. Besides reversible optical properties upon light irradiation, a variety of discontinuous morphological changes of the crystals are reported in the literature, such as sudden crystal bending, cracking, and photosalient effects, which are caused simply by UV and visible light irradiation. These morphological phenomena with discontinuities are micro-scale changes caused by photoisomerization of molecules at the nanoscale and lead to the realization of important functions for optical devices. However, the theoretical models behind these phenomena are not well understood. In this paper, we construct a mathematical model that can treat diverse phenomena in a unified model by using swallow-tail catastrophe, a higher-order catastrophe than cusp catastrophe, from the seven elementary catastrophes that can describe discontinuities in the phenomena. By introducing hyperbolic operating curves in the model, the intrinsic properties of the photochromic crystals are represented. The induced morphogenesis, such as bending, cracking, and photosalient effects, are systematically classified by the proposed catastrophe model, which even implies the possibility of unexplored operating conditions of the crystals and explains known phenomena. The proposed catastrophe-theory-based modeling provides a foundation for understanding and discovering the versatile morphogenesis in photochromic crystals. Furthermore, the proposed approach provides a basis for understanding and discovering various morphological changes in photochromic crystals and similar systems.
A variational formulation of the Harris functional as a correction to approximate Kohn–Sham density functional theory
Authors: Belleflamme Fabian , Hehn Anna-Sophia , Iannuzzi Marcella , Hutter Jürg
Published: February 2023

Accurate descriptions of intermolecular interactions are of great importance in simulations of molecular liquids. We present an electronic structure method that combines the accuracy of the Harris functional approach with the computational efficiency of approximately linear-scaling density functional theory (DFT). The non-variational nature of the Harris functional has been addressed by constructing a Lagrangian energy functional, which restores the variational condition by imposing stationarity with respect to the reference density. The associated linear response equations may be treated with linear-scaling efficiency in an atomic orbital based scheme. Key ingredients to describe the structural and dynamical properties of molecular systems are the forces acting on the atoms and the stress tensor. These first-order derivatives of the Harris Lagrangian have been derived and implemented in consistence with the energy correction. The proposed method allows for simulations with accuracies close to the Kohn–Sham DFT reference. Embedded in the CP2K program package, the method is designed to enable ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of molecular solutions for system sizes of several thousand atoms. Available subsystem DFT methods may be used to provide the reference density required for the energy correction at near linear-scaling efficiency. As an example of production applications, we applied the method to molecular dynamics simulations of the binary mixtures cyclohexane-methanol and toluene-methanol, performed within the isobaric-isothermal ensemble, to investigate the hydrogen bonding network in these non-ideal mixtures.
Spin wave diffraction model for perpendicularly magnetized films
Authors: Vlaminck V. , Temdie L. , Castel V. , Jungfleisch M. B. , Stoeffler D. , Henry Y. , Bailleul M.
Published: February 2023

We present a near-field diffraction model for spin waves in perpendicularly magnetized films applicable in any geometries of excitation fields. This model relies on Kalinikos–Slavin formalism to express the dynamic susceptibility tensor in k-space and calculate the diffraction patterns via inverse 2D-Fourier transform of the response functions. We show an excellent quantitative agreement between our model and MuMax3 micro-magnetic simulations on two different geometries of antennas. Our method benchmarks spin wave diffraction in perpendicularly magnetized films and is readily applicable for future designs of magnon beamforming and interferometric devices.
Single atom solutions for carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhou Chenyang , Li Yuan , Yu Yunsong , Zhang Jingfeng , Zhang Zaoxiao , Wang Geoff
Published: February 2023

New solvents are considered to be one of the effective methods to facilitate the reaction rate and lower the reaction energy barrier. However, the common method to develop a new solvent has come to a dead end. Thus, a single atom in solvent to produce a single atom solution is designed to create the breakthrough. Eight kinds of single atom solutions are prepared as new absorbents. Experiments prove the single atom in the solutions and their charge-producing effects. A density functional theory model is developed to analyze the microscale characteristics. Meanwhile, it has been applied in carbon dioxide capture. The CO2 desorption rate is intensified in the single atom solution system due to the controlled reaction energy barrier. The results show that single atom solutions produce a maximum voltage of 2.12 V and, thus, contribute to near zero energy consumption by effectively harvesting the substantial waste heat below 373 K.