bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using GIS methods to analyse the spatial distribution and public accessibility of pharmacies in Craiova city, Romania
Authors: Vîlcea Cristiana , Avram Sorin
Published: September 2019

The present study represents a social and geographical analysis of the spatial distribution of pharmacies in Craiova city using GIS methods. This study aims to present the evolution in the pharmacies’ number, location, density and accessibility to the population of Craiova city on the background of an analysis of European and national legislation concerning the pharmaceutical sector. The paper also outlines the uneven distribution of pharmacies in the city by analysing the ratio between the number of pharmacies and the number of people within a district. Distance and time are considered important, especially when using different transport types. Indicators like density of pharmacies, distribution of population density, and population size in districts were taken into account in this study. Although the GIS-based analysis revealed that accessibility of pharmacies in terms of time and distance and the ratio of population size to number of pharmacies were both good and had increased over the years, the study also indicated residential areas with no pharmacy, and therefore an uneven distribution of pharmaceutical services.
Forest stand biomass of Picea spp.: an additive model that may be related to climate and civilisational changes
Authors: Usoltsev Vladimir А. , Piernik Agnieszka , Osmirko Anna A. , Tsepordey Ivan S. , Chasovskikh Viktor P. , Zukow Walery
Published: September 2019

Since ancient times, climate change has largely determined the fate of human civilisation, which was related mainly to changes in the structure and habitats of forest cover. In the context of current climate change, one must know the capabilities of forests to stabilise the climate by increasing biomass and carbon-depositing abilities. For this purpose, the authors compiled a database of harvest biomass (t/ha) in 900 spruce (Picea spp.) sample plots in the Eurasian area and used the methodology of multivariate regression analysis. The first attempt at modelling changes in the biomass additive component composition has been completed, according to the Trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients. It is found that the biomass of all components increases with the increase in the mean January temperature, regardless of mean annual precipitation. In warm zonal belts with increasing precipitation, the biomass of most of the components increases. In the process of transitioning from a warm zone to a cold one, the dependence of all biomass components upon precipitation is levelled, and at a mean January temperature of ˗30°C it becomes a weak negative trend. With an increase in temperature of 1°C in different ecoregions characterised by different values of temperature and precipitation, there is a general pattern of decrease in all biomass components. With an increase in precipitation of 100 mm in different ecoregions characterised by different values of temperature and precipitation, most of the components of biomass increase in warm zonal belts, and decrease in cold ones. The development of such models for the main forest-forming species of Eurasia will make it possible to predict changes in the productivity of the forest cover of Eurasia due to climate change.
Selected aspects of water and sewage management in Poland in the context of sustainable urban development
Authors: Lewandowska Aleksandra , Piasecki Adam
Published: September 2019

Effective water and sewage management is one of the most important enablers of sustainable urban development. In Poland, water and sewage management has been undergoing systematic transformation since the 1990s. This process intensified with Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004. The aim of the work is to analyse and evaluate water and sewage management in cities in Poland in terms of sustainable development. This was made possible by selecting seven variables from which a summative index (SI) was calculated. The analysis revealed a number of positive changes that have occurred in this field. These were mainly: a decrease in water consumption in households and industry, and an increased share of wastewater treated biologically or using enhanced nutrient removal in total wastewater. An increase in SI was found in 98% of the researched cities. The largest improvement in water and sewage management took place in cities of populations below 100,000 and little industry, and in three large cities, namely Warsaw and Szczecin.
Epiphytic diatom assemblages on invasive Caulerpa taxifolia and autochthonous Halimeda tuna and Padina sp. seaweeds in the Adriatic Sea – summer/autumn aspect
Authors: Car Ana , Witkowski Andrzej , Dobosz Sławomir , Jasprica Nenad , Ljubimir Stijepo , Zgłobicka Izabela
Published: September 2019

This study focuses on the taxonomy of epiphytic diatoms in the area of invasive macroalgae from the genus Caulerpa. Caulerpa species are characterized by the presence of secondary metabolites, such as caulerpenyne (CYN), the main function of which is a chemical defense mechanism against herbivores and epiphytes. Epiphytic diatoms were studied on fronds of Caulerpa taxifolia (“killer seaweed”) and, for comparison, on autochthonous macroalgae Padina sp. and Halimeda tuna at the eastern Adriatic Sea coast (Island of Hvar) in the summer and autumn of 2010. The qualitative analysis was performed with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy. The Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index determined for Caulerpa taxifolia showed a wide range of values (3.11–4.88), with a maximum in August and a minimum in October. While the number of taxa on Caulerpa taxifolia fronds increased from June (41) to August (88), it declined in autumn due to the high relative abundance of Cocconeis caulerpacola, which is a diatom typical for Caulerpa. On the other hand, the largest number of taxa on Padina sp. was observed in September (82). The detailed composition of epiphytic diatoms and seasonal dynamics in the area affected by the invasive macroalga Caulerpa taxifolia have been determined for the first time.
Decomposition products of cylindrospermopsin – a cyanotoxin produced by Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska)
Authors: Adamski Michal , Żmudzki Paweł , Bialczyk Jan , Kaminski Ariel , Chrapusta-Srebrny Ewelina , Bober Beata , Duchnik Kornelia
Published: September 2019

Toxins produced by cyanobacteria (cyanotoxins) and released into water have become a serious problem worldwide due to the increasing morbidity and mortality of living organisms they have caused. The ability to synthesize the cytotoxic alkaloid cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has been demonstrated in several freshwater species of cyanobacteria. CYN is highly chemically stable under environmental factors and decomposes only under alkaline conditions, where it forms derivatives. The toxicity potential of the decomposition products formed at pH 10 combined with high temperature (100°C) or UV-B irradiation (36 μmol m−2 s−1) has been research based on the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus (Thamnotoxkit FTM) and bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Deltatox® II) bioassays. This paper is a continuation and completion of our previous experiments and the obtained results showed that the applied conditions contributed to the decomposition of the CYN molecule to non-toxic products and its structural modifications by separating the uracil ring or/and the sulfate group from the tricyclic guanidine moiety, leading to a reduction in its toxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the toxicity of CYN decomposition products formed under alkaline conditions combined with boiling temperature or UV-B irradiation.
Diet and feeding ecology ofEriocheir sinensison the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea and in the Tagus Estuary, Portugal
Authors: J. Wójcik-Fudalewska Dagmara , Normant-Saremba Monika , Kolasa Agata , M. Anastácio Pedro
Published: September 2019

The feeding ecology of the Chinese mitten crabEriocheir sinensiswas studied by analyzing the stomach fullness and its content with regard to sex, size and brackish water habitats occurring on the coast of the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon, Poland) and the Atlantic (Tagus Estuary, Portugal). The presented results show that neither the site, sex (except the Gulf of Gdańsk) nor the size of an individual had a significant (p> 0.05) effect on the stomach fullness ofE. sinensis. However, the type of food consumed was significantly (p< 0.05) correlated with the inhabited locality. The stomachs of crabs contained the remains of animal and plant origin, as well as detritus. The remains of animals (Bivalvia, Amphipoda, Gastropoda and Polychaeta) were more frequently found in the crabs from the Gulf of Gdańsk, while the remains of plants (Tracheophyta, Chlorophyta) were most often found in the stomachs of crabs from the Vistula Lagoon and the Tagus Estuary. Detritus was found only in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon. Research indicates that the feeding ecology of omnivoreE. sinensisis habitat specific, which should be taken into account when assessing the risk associated with this invasive species.
Evidence of cultural eutrophication of the Gulf of Gdańsk based on diatom analysis
Authors: Pędziński Jarosław , Witak Małgorzata
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to reconstruct the environmental changes in the Gulf of Gdańsk in the last 200 years. Four subbottom sediment cores were analyzed with respect to diatom flora and anthropogenic effects. The so-called “anthropogenic assemblage” – a result of cultural eutrophication – was observed in the surface sediments. Changes in the species composition may have been caused by the increased use of fertilizers, nitrogen loads and increasing organic matter concentration. Three phases (A, B and C) were distinguished based on the floristic spectrum, which clearly indicates trophic changes in the study area.
Recruitment patterns of the solitary ascidian Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816 on artificial substrates submerged in the central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohsin A. Al-Sofyani Abdul , Satheesh Sathianeson
Published: September 2019

The solitary ascidian Phallusia nigra is commonly found on hard substrates along the Jeddah coastal waters of the central Red Sea. In this study, the recruitment pattern of P. nigra on artificial substrates was assessed in relation to their type, surface color and orientation. The results showed a higher recruitment rate of the ascidian species on concrete and dark panels. The abundance of the ascidian on test panels varied between the four seasons. The orientation (vertical or horizontal) of the panels did not show any major difference in the recruitment. Significant effects of light intensityon the recruitment of P. nigra were observed on test panels, with higher abundance on panels submerged in the shade. In conclusion, this study clearly indicates the importance of the type and color of substrates in the recruitment of ascidians on artificial materials.
Assessment of the effects of zinc on the growth and antioxidant enzymes in Scenedesmus ellipsoideus Chodat
Authors: Elif Kiliç Hediye , Tunca Hatice , Ongun Sevindik Tuğba , Doğru Ali
Published: September 2019

This study explores the activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), biomass accumulation and chlorophyll a content in Scenedesmus ellipsoideus Chodat grown under conditions of varying zinc (Zn) concentrations. In addition, the activity of different SOD isozymes (MnSOD, FeSOD and CuZnSOD) was measured separately to determine the intracellular extent of oxidative stress resulting from Zn toxicity. We found that the activity of FeSOD and MnSOD was induced by lower Zn concentration (2 μg ml−1 and 4 μg ml−1, respectively), whereas CuZnSOD activity was not affected, which indicates that chloroplasts are the first location in S. ellipsoideus cells where superoxide accumulation is accelerated by Zn toxicity. The activity of total SOD and APX was significantly increased by moderate Zn concentrations, probably due to some oxidative stress caused by Zn toxicity. The higher level of Zn application, however, led not only to the inhibition of total SOD and APX activity, but also to the reduction of biomass accumulation and chlorophyll a content. As a result, it can be concluded that the accumulation of superoxide radicals and H2O2 in S. ellipsoideus cells induced by Zn toxicity may be responsible for the reduced growth rate and the impairment of photosynthetic pigments.
Life histories of anadromous salmon males reveal a trade-off between primary and secondary sexual traits
Authors: Vladić Tomislav , Järvi Torbjörn , Petersson Erik
Published: September 2019

The life-history trade-off between investment in somatic growth and gonadal tissue is caused by individual energy limitations and results in individuals that adopt specific tactics to achieve reproduction. Allocation in primary and secondary sexual traits in Atlantic salmon males was studied by assessing life history traits (smolt size, sea age, growth rate) based on back-calculation of scales, ejaculate energy content (sperm ATP content, mass and density) and the size of secondary sexual traits. We found that males investing less in secondary sexual traits produce ejaculates with a higher energy content. Differences were found in the investment into primary and secondary sexual traits between fish that spent one year in the sea before returning to their spawning grounds (grilse) and multi-sea-winter adults, suggesting that different energy allocation patterns in reproductive effort reflect alternative developmental pathways. These findings are consistent with the pattern where multi-sea-winter male ejaculate investment relies principally on the resource acquisition in the ocean, whereas grilse ejaculate investment relies chiefly on the resource allocation of available surplus energy, thus representing alternative male reproductive tactics.
First record of the alien aquatic oligochaete species Monopylephorus limosus (Hatai, 1898) (Annelida) in Central Europe
Authors: Halabowski Dariusz , Krodkiewska Mariola , Sowa Agnieszka , Lewin Iga
Published: September 2019

The paper reports on the first record of the Asian aquatic oligochaete species Monopylephorus limosus (Hatai, 1898) in Central Europe. The species was found in the lower course of the Bolina River (S Poland), which is contaminated with saline mine waters. One immature individual was collected in the late summer of 2017. M. limosus co-occurred with Paranais litoralis, Nais elinguis and juvenile Enchytraeidae. To date, M. limosus is one of the 29 non-native annelids that are known to occur in Poland.
Shapes of otoliths in some Baltic fish and their proportions
Authors: R. Sapota Mariusz , Dąbrowska Violetta
Published: September 2019

Otoliths are bony structures inside the fish labyrinth. They are used to determine the age of fish and to identify species based on their remains. The objective of this study was to describe the shape of otoliths in adult European perch (Perca fluviatilis), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), European sprat (Sprattus sprattus), lesser sand eel (Ammodytes tobianus), great sand eel (Hyperoplus lanceolatus), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), European flounder (Platichthys flesus), European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus). Fish were caught in the Gulf of Gdańsk. The relationships between the size of otoliths and the length of fish were established for adult European perch, European flounder, Atlantic herring and round goby. Otoliths of taxonomically related species were similar. It was not possible to differentiate otoliths of Ammodytidae, Pleuronectidae, Scophthalamidae, Anguilidae by comparing the presented results with the literature data. Otoliths of Zoarcidae, Osmeridae, Clupeidae, Gadidae, Gobiidae, Percidae and Salmonidae were quite similar but distinguishable. In most of the investigated species, otoliths grow proportionally to the fish size. Their shape does not change during the fish life. The shape of otoliths in the round goby changes significantly. Otoliths of small fish are rounded and significantly lengthen during the growth of fish.
Estudo comparativo de quatro métodos farmacotécnicos para estudo comparativo de quatro métodos farmacotécnicos para preenchimento de cápsulas gelatinosas rígidas
Authors: Moreno Andréia de Haro , Abreu Miryan Caroline de
Published: September 2019

O uso de medicamentos manipulados pela população brasileira tem aumentado consideravelmente nos últimos anos. Um dos principais fatores que levam a população a optar pelos medicamentos manipulados é o custo mais acessível quando comparado aos medicamentos industrializados. Além disso, o medicamento manipulado pode ser preparado de maneira individualizada, de acordo com as necessidades de cada paciente, na quantidade suficiente para o tempo de tratamento, assim como na dosagem específica e na forma farmacêutica adequada. Dentre as formas farmacêuticas mais dispensadas pelas farmácias de manipulação encontram-se as cápsulas gelatinosas rígidas. No entanto, é necessário garantir que o método de preparo das formas farmacêuticas seja confiável e seguro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar quatro diferentes métodos de preenchimento de cápsulas adotados com frequência pelas farmácias de manipulação. Os métodos comparados foram o da densidade, o volumétrico, o do nomograma e o volume/massa. Foram obtidas cápsulas contendo 500 mg de goji berry, as quais foram, posteriormente, submetidas à determinação do peso médio. Os pesos medidos e os coeficientes de variação foram avaliados por análise estatística, através da análise da variância (ANOVA) e teste de comparação múltipla de médias de Tukey (teste t). Os resultados mostraram que os métodos não apresentam variação estatisticamente significativa e estão de acordo com as especificações farmacopeicas para peso médio em cápsulas, podendo ser empregados no preparo de cápsulas gelatinosas rígidas, de acordo com as boas práticas de manipulação em farmácias, a fim de obter um produto final com qualidade, credibilidade e segurança.
Parâmetros curriculares nacionais, temática ambiental e razão instrumental
Authors: Chaddad Flávio Roberto
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar se há influências da razão instrumental na temática ambiental dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Para tanto, examinaram-se três características que compõem a vertente instrumental da temática ambiental: o domínio do homem sobre a natureza; o discurso do competente ou do especialista que se presentifica como aletheia; e, por fim, a não superação do capitalismo. Verificou-se que os PCNs apresentam características pós-modernas e instrumentais.
Recessão gengival: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Vitor Glayson Pereira
Published: September 2019

Recessão Gengival (RG) é definida como o deslocamento apical da margem gengival em relação à junção cemento-esmalte. Objetivo: verificar os possíveis fatores etiológicos e epidemiológicos que permeiam RG através de uma revisão narrativa. Metodologia: foram selecionados estudos transversais, longitudinais e revisões sistemáticas, indexados nas bases de dados do portal de periódico CAPES, MEDLINE e PubMed usando os descritores epidemiologia, etiologia e recessão gengival.  Discussão: Levantamentos epidemiológicos e estudos longitudinais reportam que RG é altamente prevalente na população adulta, 88% das pessoas com idade ≥65 anos e 50% entre 18 e 64 anos têm pelo menos um local com RG. Sua etiologia é multifatorial e com diferentes fatores relacionados que podem agir em associação, tais como: biofilme bacteriano, escovação traumática, fatores locais de retenção de placa, tabagismo e movimentação ortodôntica. Conclusão: O mecanismo na qual ocorre a RG ainda não é bem entendido sendo uma particularidade relatada na maioria das populações, tanto em países desenvolvidos quanto em subdesenvolvidos, constitui um evento comum na clínica odontológica, frequentemente percebida pelos indivíduos e levando a busca por orientações profissionais e tratamento.
Motivação e satisfação no ambiente de trabalho: um estudo com profissionais da hotelaria de Natal/RN (Brasil)
Authors: Lima Daene Silva de Morais
Published: September 2019

Profissionais motivados contribuem para alcançar metas e objetivos da organização. Essa pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo, avaliar o fator motivacional dos colaboradores do setor hoteleiro de Natal/RN (Brasil), de modo a analisar quais as estratégias motivacionais utilizadas para valorização dos profissionais que atuam no setor hoteleiro, bem como o nível de satisfação desses profissionais no exercício da atividade. Para tal entendimento, na primeira etapa da pesquisa, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica, por meio dos princípios da administração de Recursos Humanos e do Comportamento Organizacional, enfatizando as teorias motivacionais de Maslow, McGregor e Herzberg. No que tange a metodologia, o estudo é caracterizado por uma abordagem quali-quati, de cunho descritivo e explicativo. Para alcançar os meios de investigação, de forma semiestruturada, realizou-se 60 entrevistas com profissionais da rede hoteleira, e assim, foi possível avaliar a motivação e satisfação dos entrevistados. Contudo, concluiu-se nos resultados da pesquisa, que há uma deficiência de práticas motivacionais, o que interfere diretamente na satisfação dos profissionais. Diante disso, as empresas hoteleiras necessitam inovar nas estratégias de Gestão de Pessoas, para aumentar o nível de satisfação dos colaboradores, e assim, torna-los motivados, para o desempenho de suas atividades profissionais.
O desastre de Mariana/MG : um estudo de caso na perspectiva das alterações legislativas ambientais
Authors: Kauling Maria Fernanda , Gohara Camila , Giese Crissie Jaqueline , Sikora Danieli , Gutstein Ester Fani , Borges Isadora Cristina , Pereira Ketlin Kiste , De Oliveira Thais Schreiner , Gandin Valéria de Melo , Balliana Jr. Gildo
Published: September 2019

A fim de contribuir com o caráter interdisciplinar e prático da pesquisa concretizando argumentos com base no estudo de caso do rompimento da barragem no município de Mariana/MG, o artigo visa ampliar a discussão sobre o tratamento legislativo brasileiro às demandas ambientais e a necessidade existente de fiscalização e cumprimento das leis. Há um projeto de lei tramitando no Congresso Nacional para modificar a regulamentação legal vigente sobre licenciamento ambiental e algumas tentativas de alteração do Código de Mineração de 1967. Será que as mudanças legislativas trariam um tratamento legal diferente para o desastre de Mariana? O artigo conclui que não adiantam mudanças legislativas para garantir responsabilidade ambiental, se os interesses políticos e econômicos não estiverem alinhados ao cumprimento das leis, à preservação dos recursos naturais e à qualidade da vida humana.
Resveratrol: papel nas doenças cardiovasculares
Authors: Figueira Thaís Botelho Nogueira , Cechinel Zanchett Camile Cecconi
Published: September 2019

As Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV), atualmente, causam mais de 300.000 mortes por ano no Brasil, segundo dados da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), emitido por meio do Cardiômetro, indicador do número de mortes por DCV no país. O resveratrol tem capacidade de beneficiar a função endotelial, dessa forma, prevenir aterosclerose. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os benefícios do resveratrol na promoção da saúde cardiovascular e no tratamento de DCV. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão da literatura científica de artigos originais e revisão dos últimos 18 anos, sobre as vantagens do uso de resveratrol na prevenção e tratamento das DCV. O trans-3,5,4’-trihydroxystilbene, conhecido como resveratrol, é um composto fenólico, do tipo estilbenos, da classe dos polifenóis não-flavonoides encontrados em maior frequência Vitis vinífera (uvas). Foi demonstrado que a substância possui propriedades de promoção da saúde e características antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, cardioprotetoras, antidiabéticas, anticâncer, quimiopreventivas e neuroprotetoras. A introdução de resveratrol na dieta pode ser feita por meio de suplementação (cápsulas ou tabletes) e pelo consumo diário de alimentos fonte do composto. A formulação fitoterápica mais utilizada em estudos foi cápsulas de extrato seco de Vitis vinífera, com doses variáveis entre 2 a 25 mg/kg/dia. Todavia, os estudos realizados com alimentos fonte de resveratrol, como o suco de uva integral e vinho tinto, resultaram em maiores respostas benéficas ao organismo. Em vista disso, o consumo de alimentos naturalmente fontes de antioxidantes, aliados à dietas equilibradas e saudáveis, desempenham diversas funções benéficas.
Os números primos de Ishango
Authors: Santos Carla
Published: September 2019

Desde tempos longínquos que os números primos têm fascinado o Homem e despertado o interesse de inúmeros matemáticos. Muito se tem evoluído no conhecimento dos números primos desde que estes foram, há milénios, representados pela primeira vez, no osso de Ishango. Mas a tarefa de decifrar o misterioso conjunto dos números primos reveste-se de grandes dificuldades devido à inexistência de um padrão regular na sua distribuição e consequente ausência de uma “fórmula” capaz de gerar todos os números primos. Vestígios, chegados até aos nossos dias, provam que os números primos eram conhecidos pelos Babilónios, os Egípcios ou os Persas e que na Grécia Antiga o estudo dos números primos ganha expressão. Mas, acreditando na hipótese formulada De Heinzelin (1962), o conhecimento da primalidade pode ser muito anterior às civilizações da Antiguidade, uma vez que alguns dos agrupamentos de marcas existentes no osso de Ishango representam números primos. No presente trabalho pretende-se diversificar o estudo do osso de Ishango, analisando os números primos nele representados e associando-os a algumas das famílias especiais de números primos conhecidas, contudo não é nosso objectivo apoiar ou refutar alguma das teorias referentes à interpretação das marcas presentes no osso de Ishango.
Caracterização físico-química e atividade antimicrobiana de kefir coletado em diferentes domicílios frente à cepas de Escherichia coli NEWP 0022
Authors: Alves Josyanne de Melo , Lucindo Higor Rafael de Oliveira , Jordão Christiane Oliveira , Rezende Cátia
Published: September 2019

Os probióticos são microrganismos vivos caracterizados como alimento funcional que desempenham papel fundamental na promoção a saúde. O kefir é muito utilizado na atualidade, é considerada uma bebida láctea fermentada elaborada a partir dos grãos de kefir. Estudos destacam atividade deste probiótico no tratamento de doenças intestinais; propriedade antimicrobiana também é relatada através dos efeitos dos lactobacillus do kefir frente a E. coli. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a caracterização físico-química e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de kefir frente a cepas de Escherichia coli NEWP 0022. Foram coletados dois kefir de diferentes domicílios, e analisados durante seis dias verificando sua ação. Utilizando a metodologia de Dornic (teste de acidez titulável) e o teor de glicídios redutores em lactose; e avaliação antimicrobiana pelo método de difusão em poços. O kefir “A”  e “B” apresentaram aumento gradual de ácido láctico e diminuição de lactose pós analises. Quando avaliado sua atividade antibacteriana notou-se que o kefir não apresentou ação inibitória à cepas de E. coli NEWP 0022.
Biodiversidade, ecologia e o mundo secreto das árvores
Authors: Ramos Rodrigo Ferraz , Dos Santos Mardiore Tanara Pinheiro
Published: September 2019

A resenha objetiva apresentar a obra intitulada “A vida secreta das árvores” de Peter Wohlleben. As árvores se comunicam? Elas possuem necessidades sociais? O que acontece no solo de uma floresta? Essas e outras questões instigantes são discutidas por Wohlleben ao longo da obra. Para o autor, as árvores são seres com necessidades sociais e encontram-se em comunhão com diversos organismos que habitam as florestas. A obra apresenta um conteúdo abrangente, com tópicos sobre ecologia, biodiversidade e conservação.
Tuberculose: história e evolução dos tratamentos da doença
Authors: Massabni Antonio Carlos , Bonini Eduardo Henrique
Published: September 2019

A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada pela micobactéria do gênero Mycobacterium, sendo a espécie Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) a mais comum. A TB afeta principalmente os pulmões, mas pode afetar praticamente todos os órgãos do corpo. É uma das doenças que mais causa mortes no mundo, sendo a mais letal causada por um único agente infeccioso e acomete 1/3 da população mundial. Cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas desenvolvem a doença no mundo todo e dois milhões morrem anualmente. Os objetivos deste trabalho são apresentar o histórico da doença, desde seus primeiros registros até o aparecimento dos tipos multidrogas-resistentes, sua epidemiologia e imunologia, o mecanismo de ação do bacilo de Koch, a busca por novas drogas e vacinas, as principais formas de tratamento e atualizar as informações identificadas nos artigos publicados na literatura sobre o tema até o ano de 2018, através de extensa pesquisa bibliográfica em relatórios e bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Os marcos da Estratégia para o Fim da TB no mundo até 2035 só poderão ser alcançados se serviços de diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da TB forem fornecidos em nível universal e se houver mobilização de vários setores da sociedade (em diferentes níveis: individual, comunitário e político) para diminuir fatores socioeconômicos que induzem a proliferação da doença. Um dos desafios para eliminar a progressão da TB no mundo é o surgimento de Mtb resistente aos fármacos tradicionais, sendo urgentemente necessário o desenvolvimento de drogas antiTB de ação mais potente e rápida com novos modos de ação para superar a resistência cruzada com a atual medicação.
Alá Funfun: experiências e saberes no Ilê Axé Ijexá Orixá Olufon, em Itabuna-BA
Authors: Viana Moises dos Santos , De Oliveira Raimundo Nunes , Soares Santos Iajima Silena
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho é uma reflexão acerca do uso das cores, em especial da cor branca, a partir das experiências vividas no terreiro do Ilê Axé Ijexá Orixá Olufon, na cidade de Itabuna-BA. Nesta perspectiva tem-se relatos dos viveres e práticas da diversidade cultural-religiosa afro-brasileira, compreendendo que essas experiências são perspectivas marcantes no entender dessa comunidade sobre o conceito de Axé, força criadora do universo. Essa força se materializa nos elementos das cores e mostra a identidade de orixá, marcando as relações sociais nesse espaço de terreiro, antes silenciados e até hoje marginalizados. Esses saberes se tornam memória que faz identificar cada filho de santo em sua identidade mítico-humana, dando características específicas, revelando formas de existências e produzindo novos produtos culturais,  apresentando novas perspectivas na diversidade cultural no Brasil.
Responsabilidade civil diante dos impactos causados por exposição aos agrotóxicos à saúde humana
Authors: Costa Susan , Baptista da Costa Manoel Baltasar , Herrmann Hildebrando
Published: September 2019

O trabalho agrícola pode ser considerado uma das ocupações mais perigosas da atualidade diante dos vários riscos ocupacionais, destacando-se os impactos da exposição constante aos agrotóxicos em suas mais variadas formas, causando intoxicações agudas, doenças crônicas e danos ambientais variados. Os trabalhadores rurais expostos a esses produtos são a maioria, sendo as intoxicações agudas a forma mais visível do seu impacto na saúde, apesar de existirem outras formas, nem sempre aparentes ou notificadas. Portanto, estamos diante de um grave problema no setor da saúde pública, considerando-se ainda, que a ocorrência de subnotificações dos casos de intoxicação por agrotóxicos possui dados relevantes. Neste Cenário, o presente artigo se propõe a uma análise dos principais elementos que envolvem o tema da Responsabilidade Civil diante dos impactos causados por agrotóxicos à saúde humana, notadamente aos trabalhadores rurais, focando na problemática da difícil caracterização do nexo causal tendo em vista a complexidade da insegurança jurídica acarretada diante da sua difícil caracterização, principalmente nos casos de intoxicação crônica por agrotóxicos, visto que uma variável imensa de danos à saúde só se manifesta em momentos futuros após a exposição contínua a esses agentes.
Ghanaâ€™s Fertiliser Subsidy Programme: Assessing Farmer Participation and Perceptions of its Effectiveness
Authors: Anang Benjamin Tetteh , Kudadze Solace
Published: September 2019

In 2008, the Government of Ghana introduced a national fertiliser subsidy programme to promote the production of cereals in the country. Documented evidence of the impact of the programme, factors affecting participation, and the perceptions of farmers about its effectiveness remains scanty and hard to find. This study therefore sought to investigate the factors affecting participation in the subsidy programme as well as farmersâ€™ perceptions about its effectiveness using data from a cross-section of 300 farm households in northern Ghana. The study employed a probit model to assess the factors affecting participation in the subsidy programme while descriptive statistics were used to present the findings on farmersâ€™ perceptions. The results indicated that participation in the subsidy programme is significantly influenced by educational status and farming experience of the household head, contact with agricultural extension agents, herd size, degree of specialisation in rice production, use of farm mechanisation and location of the farm. Furthermore, farmers perceived the subsidy programme to be ineffective in terms of timeliness, availability and distribution of subsidised fertiliser, access to coupons (vouchers), and distance to fertiliser depots. The findings underscore the need to ensure adequate and timely supply of subsidised fertiliser, improve communication on the availability of both fertiliser coupons and subsidised fertiliser, as well as increase in the number of extension workers to enhance the effectiveness of the subsidy programme.
Analysis of the Communityâ€™s Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the Protection of Mangroves in Kuala Langsa, Aceh
Authors: Siregar Zuriana , Syamsuardi Syamsuardi , Rasyidin Azwar , Kamal Eni
Published: September 2019

Mangrove, as one of the most unique ecosystems, is a great natural resource potential with high productivity and biodiversity able to adapt to harsh areas between the sea and coast. Its destruction rate is very mild as it is estimated to 1% each year (Ong et al., 1991) and 0.7-3% per year (Pedleton et al., 2012). The destruction of mangrove is usually related with human population density (Alongi, 2002). Widespread mangrove destruction affects the loss of biodiversity and other resources and the functioning of the ecosystem. The huge potential of mangrove must be preserved by managing, maintaining and providing costs to protect and improve ecosystems. This study aims to measure Kuala Langsa community membersâ€™ willingness to pay for the preservation and repairationof degrading mangrove. To achieve this goal, Contingent valuation methods was used in this study. Of the 131 respondents involved in this study, 112 or 85.496%Â  are willing to pay for the preservation of mangrove. While those unwilling to pay account for 19 or 4.504% . WTP with the households 669 earned by Â is Rp 18,821,512,200/month or Rp 225,858,146,400/year.
Physiological Characteristics of Sumateraâ€™s Organic Chicken that was Raised in Cool and Hot Climate Regions
Authors: Elfawati Elfawati , Abbas M. Hafil , Rusfidra Rusfidra , Yuniza Ahadiyah
Published: September 2019

This study was aimed to analyze the physiological characteristics including respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and heterophil-lymphocyte (H:L) ratio of Sumatraâ€™s organic chicken (SOC) that was raised in cool and hot climate regions. One-hundred-and-eighty-seven male and female SOC aged about 6 months were taken from cool and hot climate regions in Sumatera Island. Regions with cool climate were represented by highlands in West Sumatera including the subdistrict of Tilatang Kamang, Canduang, and East Padang Panjang. Regions with hot climate were represented by lowlands in Riau Province including the subdistrict of Bunga Raya, Lirik, and East Kampar. Samples of SOC were collected from farmers where the distance of sampling was about 500 m. Measurements were taken on respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and heterophil-lymphocyte ratio. Data was analyzed by t-test. The result showed that the respiratory rates of SOC in hot climate regions were higher than the ones in cool climate regions, the rectal temperatures of SOC in hot climate regions were lower than the ones in cool climate regions and there was no difference between the Heterophil:Lymphocyte ratio of SOC in hot climate and in cool climate regions.
Change of Morphological Characters of an Introduced Population of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker, Pisces: Cyprinidae) in Toba Lake
Authors: Nofrita Nofrita , Dahelmi Dahelmi , Syandri Hafrijal , Hon Tjong Djong
Published: September 2019

Population of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) in Singkarak Lake has decreased as the effect of intensive exploitation and changes in water use function. Many appropriate works have been conducted for the fish conservation. One of them is introducing Bilih fish population to a new habitat,Â  Toba Lake. After nine years of releasing the fish, there was a hypothesis that these fish had undergone some changes on their morphology compared to their original population in Singkarak Lake. The changes could occure in some morphological characters and also the increase or decrease of their growth. This study was aimed at comparing morphology characters between Bilih fish introduced to Toba Lake with the original population in Singkarak Lake. Survey method was used and 400 samples of fish were taken from each Singkarak and Toba Lakes. Â Parameters measured were 29 morphological characters. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U Test with SPSS 22. The results showed that 27 morphological characters of introduced fish had changed. Characters that had not changed were dorsal fin (anterior end)-anal fin distance (DFAF) and preanal distance (PD). Population of Bilih fish in Toba Lake might keep changing in the process of morphological character differentiation as long as environment factors still support the life of Bilih fish.Â
KONSEP AKAD MURABAHAH DAN APLIKASINYA PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Madjid St. Salehah
Published: September 2019

Adanya bahvasahnya bank syariah hanya nmjadi label untuk menarik simpatik zakat muslim dibidang perbankan, dan salah satu produknya yang diklaim mendomnasi dari produk lainnya,yaitu murabaha, menyebabkan kajian konsep dan implementasi akad murabahah pada perbankkan syari'ah menjadi menarik, yang mana sistem yang dipakai murabahah dalam perbankkan syari'ah polemik, yaitu murâbahah li al-âmr bi al-syżâ', yaitu transaksi jual beli di mana seorang nasabah datang kepada pihak bank untuk membelikan sebuah komoditas dengan kriteria tertentu,dan ia berjanji akan membeli kormditas/barang tersebut secara murabahah yakni sesuai harga pokok penoelian ditambah dengan tingkat keuntungan yang disepakati kedua pihak, dan nasabah akan melakukan pembayaran secara installment (cicilan berkala) sesuai dengan kemampuan finansial yang dimlikiJenis penelitiannya adalah Kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode library research, yang sering juga disebut studi pustaka, yang merupakan rangkaian kegiabn yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumputan data pustaka, membaca dan mencatat serta mengolah bahan penelitian.Keywords: Akad, Murabahah, Aplikasi, Bank Syari'ah.
KAPITALISME Dl ERA PASAR BEBAS DAN REALITAS KONDISI EKONOMI KEKIKNIAN
Authors: Muslimin Kartini
Published: September 2019

Kapitalisme berarti penggunaan kekayaan untuk menciptakan kekayaan yang lebih besar. Konsep kapitalisme melebar ke dalam berbagai varian, dari kapitalisme murni pasar bebas hingga kapitalisme yang di dalamnya melibatkan campur tangan negara. Secara umum, dalam sebuah sistem ekonomi kapitalis akan menuntun manusia pada sistem hukum rimba: karena kapitalisme sangat menekankan kekuatan rmdal dan alat produksi dalam upayanya survive. Realitas tersebut akan membuat masyarakat proletar akan "survive' pula dengan status sosialnya yang tidak akan pernah naik kelas, karena untuk selamanya akan berperan sebagai "babu" ataupun pelaku ekonomi kelas kacangan.Dampaknya di era pasar bebas akan semakin memberikan peran yang cukup besar kepada kelompok kapitalis dengan ekspansi pasarnya pada semua level masyarakat, bahkan kehadiran Alfa mart, Alfa Midi dan Indomaret sudah "merampok pangsa pasar atau lahan masyarakat bavah dengan segala fasilitas yang diberikan oleh kekuatan kapitalis, dan hampir semua produk home industri di Indonesia sudah tergeser oleh mainan yang murah dengan ragam mtif yang semakin memperkokoh eksistensinya.Kata Kunci: Kapitalisme, pasar bebas dan ekonomi
PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH DAN MURABAHAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN (STUDY KOMPERATIF)
Authors: Nurmi Nurmi
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembiayaan Mudharabah dan Murabahah terhadap peningkatan pendapatan. Sampel yang digunakan dari data laporan laba/rugi PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Syariah Makassar tahun 2009 sampai dengan tahun 2013. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil stajstik menunjukkan bahwa Pembiayaan Mudharabah dan Murabahah mempengaruhi tingkat pendapatan secara sigrifikan.Kata kunci: Pembiayaan Mudharabah, Murabahah, Peningkatan Pendapatan
BUNGA BANK (STUDI KORFARASI PENDAPAT NAHDATUL Ul-AMA DAN MUHAMMADIYAH)
Authors: Salvia Salvia
Published: September 2019

Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu membandingkan antara pendapat nahdatul ulama dan muhammadiyah dalam menentukan bunga bank Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pandangan nahdatul ulama dan muhamrrødiyah mengenai hukum bunga bank.Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kajian pustaka dan menggunakan n-etode komparasi antara nahdatul ulama dan muhammadiyah. Prosedur penelitian ini yaitu dengan mengumpulkan karya-karya dari kedua organisasi tersebut. Adapun data primernya dari Nahdatul Ulama yaitu: bahsul masa'il Nahdatul Ulama dan himpunan keputusan majlis tarjih Muhammadiyah. Data primernya diambil dari buku-buku yang dikarang oleh kedua organisasi tersebut dan juga buku-buku Iain yang dapat nendukung pendalaman dan ketajaman dalam analisin penelitianHasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa hukum bunga bank yaitu haram, subhat, boieh, sesuai dengan fungsi dari bank yang beroperasi. Berdasarkan hasii peneiitian diatas dapat disimpulkan bunga bank hukumnya haram, boleh,dan subhat.Kata kunci: Bunga Bank, Nahdhatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah
PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DENGAN KEUANGAN MIKRO SYARIAH
Authors: Hasan Hurriah Ali
Published: September 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan potensi keuangan mikro syariah sebagai alat dalam pengentasan kemiskinan. Bagaimanapun, kemiskinan adalah masalah umum yang dihadapi oleh semua negara di dunia. Namun upaya yang telah dilaksanakarli belum mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan; di mana angka kemiskinan masih sangat tinggi. Hal ini memerlukan perhatian lebih dari berbagai pihak, baik pemerintah dan organisasi yang berorientasi pada pembangunan untuk pengurangan kemiskinan melalui pendekatan yang efektif dan menyeluruh. Dalam perspektif Islam, kemiskinan tidak hanya dilihat dari aspek material tapi juga moral dan spiritual. Oleh karena itu, strategi pengentasan kemiskinan harus merefleksikan kedua aspek tersebut. Dapat dikatakan bahwa pendekatan syariah teîah menerapkan pendekatan moral dan spiritual terhadap masalah kemiskinan, melalui keuangan mikro syariah. Sistem keuangan mikro syariah memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan dengan keuangan mikro konvensional yang menawarkan solusi potensial untuk mengurangi kemiskinan. Prinsip dasar keuangan mikro syariah adalah penerapan nilai-nilai Islam untuk dengan pendekatan keadilan sosial bagi semua orang untuk mencapai pembangunan ekonomi melalui pembangunan kemampuan manusia pada sisi moral dan spiritual. Kedua aspek ini menekankan sisi tanggung jawab masyarakat secara komprehensif dalam pengentasan kemiskinan.Kata kunci: Islam, keuangan mikro syarilah, pengentasan kemiskinan
BUNGA BANK DI SULAWESI SELATAN (MUHAMMADIYAH DAN NU)
Authors: Mansyur Fakhruddin
Published: September 2019

Tujuan peneitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan atau menjelaskan bagaimana pandangan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Muhammadiyah tentang penerapan hukum bunga bank di sulawesi selatan. metode penelitian  yang dimalai dari 1) Rancangan Penelitian, 2) Data Dan Sumber Data, 3) Teknik Pengumpulan Data, 4) Teknis Analisis Data hasil penelitian bahwa NU sulawesi selatan menggunkan bank syariah itu belum sepenuhnya dan belum ada intruksi khusus dari pusat untuk menggunakan bank syariah, hal ini berbeda dari hasil muktamar NU yang sudah jelas-jelas mengharamkan bunga bank itu artinya ini merupakan intruksi khusus kepada kader NU untuk menggunkan bank syariah. sedangkan Muhammadiyah wilayah sulawesi selatan maka disimpulkan bahwa Muhammadiyah sangat memegan teguh putusan yang telah ditetapkan dan setiap amal usaha dan orton harus mengikuti keputusan pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah.Kata Kunci: Bunga Bank­, NU, Muhammadiyah
PENGARUH ETOS KERJA KELOMPOK TANI MUSLIM TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN
Authors: Nurmansyah Nurmansyah
Published: September 2019

Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan di Desa Bontolempangan Kecamatan Bontolempangan Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh etos kerja kelompok tani muslim terhadap peningkatan produksi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat pedesaan di Desa Bontolempangan Kecamatan Bontolempangan Kabupaten Gowa.Total sampling dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 130 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner atau angket. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah para petani yang tergolong dalam kelompok tani di Desa Bontolempangan Kecamatan Bontolempangan Kabupaten Gowa sebanyak 200 orang, dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin maka menghasilkan sampel sebanyak 130 sampel. Selanjutnya, data yang diperoleh melalui instrument tersebut kemudian diolah melalui analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan aplikasi Partial Least Square (PLS).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa margin etos kerja kelompok tani muslim, peningkatan produksi dan kesejahteraan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dari hasil analisis inferensial yang menggunakan uji t dengan rumus regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitunglebih besar dari pada nilai ttabel. Kata Kunci : Etos Kerja Kelompok Tani Muslim, Peningkatan Produksi dan Kesejahteraan