bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microscopic structure of electromagnetic whistler wave damping by kinetic mechanisms in hot magnetized Vlasov plasmas
Authors: Paul Anjan , Sharma Devendra
Published: May 2024

Electromagnetic transverse perturbations propagating parallel to the external magnetic field in a warm electron plasma, specifically the warm electron whistler-mode waves, are simulated in Maxwellian as well as κ distributed (with energetic tail) electrons. The Vlasov-Maxwell phase-space continuum simulations are applied to the stable and unstable (i.e. isotropic and anisotropic) VDFs. The variation of real frequency from both numerical solution of dispersion relation and simulations show limited sensitivity to electron temperature in low wave-number regime as compared to high wave number regime, however the opposite holds for the imaginary frequency or the decay rate. The analytically predicted reduction in the decay rate of the whistler-mode with increasing electron temperature is recovered by the Vlasov-Maxwell simulations. The phase-space portraits of the these cases show that after the linear damping phase of the evolution, the particles are trapped in the wave magnetic field leading to the wave amplitudes oscillating about a mean value which follow the theoretical analysis. Palmadesso and Schmidt (1971) Physics of Fluids 14, 1411.
The Preisach model of hysteresis: fundamentals and applications
Authors: Semenov M E , Borzunov S V , Meleshenko P A , Sel’vesyuk N I
Published: May 2024

The Preisach model is a well-known model of hysteresis in the modern nonlinear science. This paper provides an overview of works that are focusing on the study of dynamical systems from various areas (physics, economics, biology), where the Preisach model plays a key role in the formalization of hysteresis dependencies. Here we describe the input-output relations of the classical Preisach operator, its basic properties, methods of constructing the output using the demagnetization function formalism, a generalization of the classical Preisach operator for the case of vector input-output relations. Various generalizations of the model are described here in relation to systems containing ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials. The main attention we pay to experimental works, where the Preisach model has been used for analytic description of the experimentally observed results. Also, we describe a wide range of the technical applications of the Preisach model in such fields as energy storage devices, systems under piezoelectric effect, models of systems with long-term memory. The properties of the Preisach operator in terms of reaction to stochastic external impacts are described and a generalization of the model for the case of the stochastic threshold numbers of its elementary components is given.
Performance analysis of an underwater wireless optical communication link with Lommel beam
Authors: Ma Yangbin , Wang Xinguang , Qin Changjian , Yuan Qiujie , Wang Le , Zhao Shengmei
Published: May 2024

In order to mitigate the stochastic interference of underwater channels and improve the quality of underwater communication systems, it is essential to study the performance of the underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) links utilizing vortex beams with unique attributes. In this paper, the analytical formulae for the bit error rate (BER) and the average capacity of the UWOC link with diffraction-free Lommel beam are derived under the Rytov theory. Simulation results demonstrate that the system with a long wavelength, a high system signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), a small asymmetric parameter and receiving aperture diameter achieves a high average capacity and a low BER. Furthermore, in the underwater channel with a larger kinetic energy dissipation rate per unit mass of fluid and inner scale, a smaller mean-squared temperature dissipation rate, temperature salinity contribution ratio and transmission distance, the performance of the communication link can be improved. Meanwhile, it is found that the performance of the link with carrier Lommel beam are less sensitive to the topological charge, the scaling factor of the beam and the turbulent outer scale. These findings provide theoretical support for the design and implementation of an UWOC link utilizing the Lommel beam.
Modeling the unsteady wake of an impulsively started circular cylinder using refined potential flow theory
Authors: Amoloye Taofiq O
Published: May 2024

Cylindrical structures find usage in many engineering applications including tethered oil drums and engine canisters slung beneath helicopters in flight. The motion of air around such circular cylindrical structures and the helicopter presents interesting phenomena including flow separation, wakes and turbulence. The physics of these are enshrined in the continuity equation and the Navier–Stokes equations. Therefore, their studies are not only important in mathematics and physics, but they are also required for efficient helicopter operations. In practice, reduced-order models of these operations that take in aerodynamics models of the tethered loads are utilized for stability analysis, flight certification and pilot training because of the prohibitive cost of experimentation and computational analyses of these configurations. However, there is a dearth of realistic analytical models of finite cylinder flows because of the Navier–Stokes problem. Classical potential flow theory provides an avenue to develop such models, but the extant gaps in its predictions significantly preclude its usage for engineering applications. Attempting to bridge these gaps, this article introduces refined potential flow theory in which the governing equations and boundary conditions are satisfied. Viscous effects, fluctuations of the mean flow and three-dimensional effects are also incorporated. For characterization, refined potential flow theory is employed on an incompressible flow over an impulsively started circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers and non-dimensional times in the range

30
<
Re

<

10

4

and 0.2 ≤ T ≤ 77, 047 respectively. There is an excellent prediction of 0.209 for the Strouhal number at

Re

=

3
,
900

. At this transitional Reynolds number, the harmonics of the Strouhal frequency are also captured, and the characteristic irregular fluctuations at sub-Strouhal frequencies are discernible in the velocity spectra. As the flow becomes more turbulent, these become more pronounced at

Re

=

9
,
500

when the predicted Strouhal number is within 10% of experimental result. In the fully developed stage, spectra analyses of the wake velocity components at some downstream locations also display Kolmogorov's Five-Thirds law of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The present model can thus aid the development of reduced-order models of helicopter operations that feature tethered cylindrical loads.
Effect of particle size on optical and electrical properties of thin films – a simulation approach
Authors: Das Sudeep Kumar , Banerjee Diptonil , Roy Jitendra Nath
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a simulated investigation of the relationship between surface roughness and particle size as well as the resulting impact of the both on the thin film’s physical and optical properties. Non-porous thin films are created through computer simulation for a range of particle sizes following the random deposition with a surface relaxation approach. For the deposited thin films different fundamental parameters like transmittance, reflectance, absorption coefficients, frequency dependent dielectric constants, loss angle, refractive indices, optical band gap have all been calculated and in this process of calculation the fundamental values of two different materials; zinc oxide (ZnO and cadmium selenide (CdSe) are taken. It has been seen that when the particle sizes are comparable the calculated values of optical band gap of both ZnO and CdSe matches well with the experimental values of the same reported by others. This is probably the first effort to develop a direct relation between the particle size with different fundamental optical properties of different materials through simple simulation which agrees well with the experimental result. This would definitely help the experimental researchers in the field of material science to design their experiments as per the desired requirements.
Uncovering the potential of industrial waste: turning discarded resources into sustainable advanced materials
Authors: Rauf Ichsan , Heryanto Heryanto , Tahir Dahlang , Gaus Abd , Rinovian Asnan , Veeravelan K , Akouibaa Ahmed , Masrour Rachid , Akouibaa Abdelilah
Published: May 2024

To identify solutions for utilizing industrial wastes (slag, sludge, fly ash, and bottom ash) in the development of pro-environmental systems, this paper reviews existing literature and explores material characterization methods. A review analysis was conducted to uncover their potential, and it was found that many utilizations can be made to recycle them into sustainable materials. Structure characterization, optical-dielectric function, and morphology analysis were analyzed to confirm the recent review. Structural properties are represented by crystallite size and crystallinity, where nickel slag shows the smallest distribution (55 ± 10) nm with the highest crystallinity (25.42%), indicating its association with uniformity of response to external disturbances and micro-structural stability. From the analysis of optical and dielectric functions via Kramers Kronig relation, the widening of

∆
(
LO
−
TO
)

was shown by fly ash and slag indicating stable bonding suitable as x-ray shielding and sensor, while high electron loss functions were shown by sludge and bottom ash indicating high potential electronic transition performance. Based on their chemical and physical properties, these industrial wastes are not limited as construction materials and can even be upgraded to more advanced development materials.
Circularly polarized dielectric resonator based MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G cognitive radio applications
Authors: Rai Yajush , Sharma Anand , Agarwal Smriti , Gupta Rajeev
Published: May 2024

A 2-port wideband circular polarized (CP) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) integrated with cognitive radio (CR) application is designed and investigated. This is a novel concept of integrating wideband CP-MIMO antenna based on dielectric resonator (DR), with CR concept. The multi-functional reconfigurable filter is designed within the feedline of the antenna making it applicable for both the operations of CR, namely, underlay and interweave. Rogers RT Duroid 5880 is used as the substrate for the designed CP-MIMO antenna. The antenna shows wide Axial Ratio (AR) bandwidth of 48.14% (2.2–3.50 GHz) and an overlapping bandwidth of 41.85% (2.37–3.50 GHz). The DR based MIMO antenna shows sensing range of 2.37–3.66 GHz. For the interweave operation, the designed CP-MIMO antenna shows narrowband frequency reconfigurability from 2.45–2.83 GHz. For the underlay case, the designed antenna shows band notch tunability between 3.23–3.62 GHz. The proposed antenna can be used effectively in sub-6 GHz band of the 5G communication systems.
The BOSS bispectrum analysis at one loop from the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure
Authors: D'Amico Guido , Donath Yaniv , Lewandowski Matthew , Senatore Leonardo , Zhang Pierre
Published: May 2024

We analyze the BOSS power spectrum monopole and quadrupole, and the bispectrum monopole and quadrupole data, using the predictions from the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure (EFTofLSS). Specifically, we use the one loop prediction for the power spectrum and the bispectrum monopole, and the tree level for the bispectrum quadrupole. After validating our pipeline against numerical simulations as well as checking for several internal consistencies, we apply it to the observational data. We find that analyzing the bispectrum monopole to higher wavenumbers thanks to the one-loop prediction, as well as the addition of the tree-level quadrupole, significantly reduces the error bars with respect to our original analysis of the power spectrum at one loop and bispectrum monopole at tree level. After fixing the spectral tilt to Planck preferred value and using a Big Bang Nucleosynthesis prior, we measure σ
8 = 0.794 ± 0.037, h = 0.692 ± 0.011, and Ω
m
 = 0.311 ± 0.010 to about 4.7%, 1.6%, and 3.2%, at 68% CL, respectively.
This represents an error bar reduction with respect to the power spectrum-only analysis of about 30%, 18%, and 13% respectively.
Remarkably, the results are compatible with the ones obtained with a power-spectrum-only analysis, showing the power of the EFTofLSS in simultaneously predicting several observables. We find no tension with Planck.
Forecast constraints on the baryonic feedback effect from the future kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect detection
Authors: Zheng Yi , Zhang Pengjie
Published: May 2024

The baryonic feedback effect is an important systematic error in the weak lensing (WL) analysis. It contributes partly to the S
8 tension in the literature. With the next generations of large scale structure (LSS) and CMB experiments, the high signal-to-noise kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect detection can tightly constrain the baryon distribution in and around dark matter halos, and quantify the baryonic effect in the weak lensing statistics. In this work, we apply the Fisher matrix technique to predict the future kSZ constraints on 3 kSZ-sensitive Baryon Correction Model (BCM) parameters. Our calculations show that, in combination with next generation LSS surveys, the 3rd generation CMB experiments such as AdvACT and Simon Observatory can constrain the matter power spectrum damping S(k) to the precision of σ
S
(k) < 0.8%√(37.8 Gpc3h-3-3/V) at k ≲ 10h/Mpc, where V is the overlapped survey volume between the future LSS and CMB surveys. For the 4th generation CMB surveys such as CMB-S4 and CMB-HD, the constraint will be enhanced to σ

S
(k) < 0.4%√(37.8 Gpc3h-3/V). If extra-observations, e.g. X-ray detection and thermal SZ observation, can effectively fix the gas density profile slope parameter δ, the constraint on S(k) will be further boosted to σ

S
(k) < 0.3%√(37.8 Gpc3
h
-3/V) and σ

S
(k) < 0.1%√(37.8 Gpc3
h
-3/V) for the 3rd and 4th generation CMB surveys.
From Active Stars to Black Holes: A Discovery Tool for Galactic X-Ray Sources
Authors: Rodriguez Antonio C.
Published: May 2024

Galactic X-ray sources are diverse, ranging from active M dwarfs to compact object binaries, and everything in between. The X-ray landscape of today is rich, with point source catalogs such as those from XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift, each with ≳105 sources and growing. Furthermore, X-ray astronomy is on the verge of being transformed through data releases from the all-sky SRG/eROSITA survey. Many X-ray sources can be associated with an optical counterpart, which in the era of Gaia, can be determined to be Galactic or extragalactic through parallax and proper motion information. Here, I present a simple diagram—the “X-ray Main Sequence,” which distinguishes between compact objects and active stars based on their optical color and X-ray-to-optical flux ratio (F
X/F
opt). As a proof of concept, I present optical spectroscopy of six exotic accreting WDs discovered using the X-ray Main Sequence as applied to the XMM-Newton catalog. Looking ahead to surveys of the near future, I additionally present SDSS-V optical spectroscopy of new systems discovered using the X-ray Main Sequence as applied to the SRG/eROSITA eFEDS catalog.
Probing the Bardeen–Kiselev black hole with the cosmological constant caused by Einstein equations coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics using quasinormal modes and greybody bounds
Authors: Wu S R , Wang B Q , Long Z W
Published: May 2024

In this work, we investigate a static and spherically symmetric Bardeen–Kiselev black hole (BH) with the cosmological constant, which is a solution of the Einstein-non-linear Maxwell field equations. We compute the quasinormal frequencies for the Bardeen–Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant due to electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations. By varying the BH parameters, we discuss the behavior of both real and imaginary parts of the BH quasinormal frequencies and compare these frequencies with the Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter BH surrounded by quintessence (RN-dSQ). Interestingly, it is shown that the responses of the Bardeen–Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant and the RN-dSQ under electromagnetic perturbations are different when the charge parameter q, the state parameter w and the normalization factor c are varied; however, for the gravitational perturbations, the responses of the Bardeen–Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant and the RN-dSQ are different only when the charge parameter q is varied. Therefore, compared with the gravitational perturbations, the electromagnetic perturbations can be used to understand nonlinear and linear electromagnetic fields in curved spacetime separately. Another interesting observation is that, due to the presence of Kiselev quintessence, the electromagnetic perturbations around the Bardeen–Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant damps faster and oscillates slowly; for the gravitational perturbations, the quasinormal mode decays slowly and oscillates slowly. We also study the reflection and transmission coefficients along with the absorption cross section in the Bardeen–Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant; it is shown that the transmission coefficients will increase due to the presence of Kiselev quintessence.
Long-term plasma exposure of ITER-like W/Cu monoblocks with pre-damaged surfaces in EAST experiments
Authors: Guo Zongxiao , Zhu Dahuan , Yan Rong , Xuan Chuannan , Wang Baoguo , Wang Yang , Gao Binfu , He Chunyu , Ding Rui , Li Yi , Fu Wenxue , Chen Junling ,   the EAST Team
Published: May 2024

In the ITER and future fusion devices, W/Cu monoblocks will be used as divertor target which are exposed to both steady state heat load and transient heat flux. Especially, the transient heat flux up to 10 GW m−2 during plasma disruption, is expected to induce the shallow surface damages, such as melting, and even boiling of W/Cu monoblocks. Thus, the performance of damaged W/Cu monoblocks under subsequent long-term plasma discharges is a key concern that needs to be verified and tested on existing tokamaks. Since 2022, a new type of main limiter composed of ITER-like W/Cu monoblocks has been installed and tested in EAST. The surface of W/Cu monoblocks of the limiter was damaged by the transient heat flux during the early stages of plasma construction. Subsequently, they were subjected to long-term plasma discharges over 2600 shots in normal plasma discharge conditions. This circumstance conveniently facilitates the discussion of the performance of W/Cu monoblocks with damaged surfaces especially a melting edge with hill structure under prolonged exposure to plasma. In general, the shallow damage resulting from transient heat flux on W/Cu monoblocks appears to have minimal impact on the heat exhaust capacity under steady-state heat loads, as indicated by both experimental monitoring and numerical simulation results. However, shallow melting, leading to a change in surface structure and the formation of hills, could theoretically increase local temperatures, creating potential hot spots. This phenomenon requires further validation through dedicated experiments. Moreover, the brittleness of the near-surface layer may give rise to brittle destructions, such as cracks and even dust particles, posing an additional concern. These findings yield unique qualitative conclusions that can be referenced for ITER and other fusion devices.
Kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic hybrid simulation of infernal modes in circular tokamak plasmas with effects of kinetic thermal ions
Authors: Sato M. , Todo Y. , Aiba N. , Takechi M.
Published: May 2024

Effects of the kinetic thermal ions (KTIs) on ideal infernal modes and resistive infernal modes have been investigated by using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation without KTIs and kinetic-MHD hybrid simulation with KTIs. For the ideal infernal modes, the pressure profile is significantly flattened at the saturated state for both the models with and without the KTIs. As the beta value decreases, the ideal infernal modes are stabilized while the resistive infernal modes are still unstable. For the resistive infernal modes, while the saturated pressure profile is significantly flattened in the MHD simulation without KTIs, the pressure profile is not flattened at the saturated state in the kinetic-MHD hybrid simulation with KTIs. The suppression of the saturation level by the effects of the KTIs results from the phase mismatch between the radial velocity and perturbed pressure mode structures. This indicates that KTIs play an essential role for the suppression of pressure profile flattening due to slowly growing resistive MHD instabilities.
Nonlinear excitation of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode by Alfvén instability in ASDEX-Upgrade Tokamak
Authors: Wang (王灏) Hao , Lauber Philipp W. , Todo (藤堂泰) Yasushi , Suzuki (鈴木康浩) Yasuhiro , Li (李瀚政) Hanzheng , Wang (王佳磊) Jialei , Wei (魏士朝) Shizhao
Published: May 2024

Recently, the coexistence of multiple energetic particle driven instabilities was observed in experiments on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak (Lauber et al 2018 27th IAEA Fusion Energy Conf.). A hybrid simulation using the MEGA code was performed to investigate the properties of those instabilities. The basic mode properties obtained in the simulations, such as mode frequencies, mode numbers, and inward energetic particle (EP) redistribution, are in good agreement with the experiments. It is found that the energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) is initially stable, then zonal flow gradually occurs with the growth of the Alfvén instability, and finally, the EGAM is nonlinearly excited and the amplitude exceeds the Alfvén instability. The dependence of EGAM properties on EP pressure and pitch angle distribution is analyzed. The EGAM amplitude increases with EP pressure. The nonlinearly excited EGAM is a high-frequency branch that appears even under the condition of a slowing-down EP distribution. The resonant particles are also analyzed, but the dominant resonant particles of the EGAM in the linear growth phase are not found because the EGAM does not grow in the linear regime. In the phase space of pitch angle variable Λ and energy E, it is found that initially the Alfvén instability is excited by EPs with poloidal frequency 70 kHz, then, after the saturation of the Alfvén instability, the resonance region moves towards lower energy and touches the EGAM resonance line, and finally, EGAM is excited by the particles with poloidal frequency

50
 

kHz

. This process is a kind of resonance overlap.
Ion heating characteristics of merging spherical tokamak plasmas for burning high-beta plasma formation
Authors: Ono Y. , Tanabe H. , Inomoto M.
Published: May 2024

High-power ion heating of merging spherical tokamak (ST) plasma has been investigated using TS-3U, TS-4, and UTST at the University of Tokyo for future direct access to burning high-beta ST plasma without using any additional heating. We developed a two-fluid/kinetic interpretation of the promising scaling of ion heating energy that increases with the square of reconnecting magnetic field B
rec ∼ poloidal magnetic field B
p. We find that reconnection heating creates interesting high-beta ST plasmas with hollow currents and broad/hollow T
i profiles. These high-beta ST plasmas often have reversed-shear or absolute minimum-B profiles, depending on their reconnection heating power and q-values.
Finite Element Analysis of UHV Transmission Line Stringing System Based on APDL
Authors: Duan Jingxi , Chen Ning
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, the tension stringing construction is used in UHV transmission lines. However, in the tension stringing system of UHV transmission lines, due to the flexibility of cables, such as guide ropes, ground wires, etc., in systems, the vibration will be occurred during the construction process. In order to analyze the vibration, the finite element analysis method is required for the system. In this paper, a certain position in the stringing process of the first and the last electric tower of the third section of a 1000kV UHV project was taken as the research object, the setting of constraint conditions, modal analysis and power spectrum analysis were carried out for the fast simulation calculation using APDL, the ANSYS parametric design language. It can be concluded that this method can improve efficiency of modeling and simulation and realize the rapid finite element analysis.
Ship Ballast Water System Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Multi-Feature Fusion Graph Convolution
Authors: Ai Zeren , Cao Hui , Wang Manqi , Yang Kaiwen
Published: May 2024

To tackle the issues of limited fault data, inadequate information availability, and subpar fault diagnosis within the realm of ship ballast water system condition monitoring, this paper presents a novel fault diagnosis methodology known as the Probabilistic Similarity and Linear Similarity-based Graph Convolutional Neural Network (PCGCN) model. PCGCN initially converts the ship’s ballast water system dataset into two distinct graph structures: a probabilistic topology graph and a correlation topology graph. It delves into data similarity by employing T-SNE for probabilistic similarity and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for linear similarity to establish the inter-sample neighbor relationships. Subsequently, an early fusion of these two graph structures is conducted to extract more profound multi-scale feature information. Following this step, the graph convolutional neural network (GCN) is introduced to amalgamate the feature information from neighboring nodes in addition to its inherent features. This is aimed at enhancing the available information for the classification task and addressing the issues of limited fault data and inadequate label information. In conclusion, we employ a simulated ship fault dataset for testing experiments, and the PCGCN model demonstrates superior classification accuracy, reaching 97.49%, outperforming traditional diagnostic methods. These experimental outcomes underscore the applicability of the model introduced in this study to the realm of ship ballast water system fault diagnosis, even under challenging conditions characterized by limited sample sizes and insufficient labeling information.
UAVs Path Planning based on Combination of Rapidly Exploring Random Tree and Rauch-Tung-Striebel Filter
Authors: Wei Zhiqiang , Hu Yu , Dong Zhiyan , Bai Wenbin , Yang Haiyue , Xie Yaen , Shu Feng , Zhang Lihua
Published: May 2024

Aiming at the problem of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) formation path planning under complex constraints, a UAV formation path planning method based on the combination of Rapidly exploring Random Tree (RRT) and Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) filter is proposed. Firstly, a path planning algorithm based on the improved RRT algorithm with adaptive step size is de-signed to solve the problem that the RRT algorithm is easy to fall into local optimum. Then, an RTS filter is introduced to smooth the trajectory planned by the improved RRT algorithm to achieve curvature continuity. Finally, taking the smooth trajectory as the reference, a UAV formation path planning algorithm over the Artificial Potential Field (APF) method is designed. The simulation results show that the designed UAV formation path planning algorithm can solve the planning problems of single trajectory and formation trajectories in complex constrained space, and can plan the formation trajectory with continuous curvature, to facilitate the UAV trajectory tracking control.
Design and Simulation of Flexible Rail Hoisting System Without Wind Rope
Authors: Jing Wenchuan , Liu Hu , Li Gang , Wang Tao , Yang Jian
Published: May 2024

Under extreme terrain conditions, there is no site to arrange the control rope retraction system. In this paper, a flexible guide rail hoisting system is designed to replace the traditional transmission tower wind rope hoisting method. Taking the JC27151CG tower assembly as the object, the design of the flexible guide rail hoisting system is carried out, and the ADAMS software is used to establish the dynamic model of the flexible guide rail hoisting system. The mechanical analysis of the flexible guide rail hoisting system is carried out from the perspectives of statics and dynamics.
Emergency Evacuation Path Planning Method for the Large Ships
Authors: Wang Sujuan , Chang Zengzhu
Published: May 2024

When an emergency occurs in a large ship, it is necessary to provide a scientific and reasonable evacuation strategy for the passengers in the ship, so as to avoid the loss of life and property caused by untimely evacuation. For the traditional Dijkstra’s algorithm, which only selects the optimal path based on the single index of path length, this paper takes into account the influence of path length, congestion and safety, and selects the optimal path in real time according to the dynamically changing external environment, which is more suitable for the application of emergency evacuation in large ship. The results of simulation experiments also prove the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper.
Method for stabilizing the detection efficiency of grazing angle incidence boron-lined neutron detectors
Authors: Liu Lixing , Yu Yangyi , Zhang Zhi , Yang Yigang
Published: May 2024

Boron-lined gaseous neutron detectors intrinsically suffer
from the “self-absorption” effect and hence their neutron
detection efficiencies might be nonconstant, when the threshold of
them undergoes unexpected variation. To address this problem, we
propose a maximum likelihood estimation-based threshold determining
method, via which the pulse height spectra acquired under different
high voltages could be rescaled to the same abscissa axis of
deposited energies. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to study
the relationship between the precision of the threshold
determination and the counting statistics, as well as the energy
deposition spectrum, indicating that the grazing angle incidence
neutron detector can achieve a fairly small relative standard
variation for a spectrum with a modest total neutron counts. A
prototype grazing angle incidence neutron detector has been
constructed and tested under high voltages ranging from 500 V to
950 V. The experimental results show that, with the maximum
likelihood estimation-based method, the threshold's relative
standard deviations are less than 10% even with a total neutron
counts as low as 100. As a result, the maximum relative variance of
the counting plateau curve is 4.8% in the region of
[500 V, 900 V] when the detector operates at a
grazing angle of 1.8°. The results presented in this study
indicate that combining the grazing angle incidence and the maximum
likelihood estimation-based threshold determining method would be a
promising way to achieve stable neutron detection efficiency for
neutron detectors with the boron layer as the neutron convertor.
Effect of 3D-printed polycaprolactone/osteolectin scaffolds on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Bae Kkot-byeol , Kim Hae-mi , Son Ji-won , Ryu Jae-young , Hwang Yun-chan , Koh Jeong-tae , Oh Won-mann , Park Chan , Lee Bin-Na
Published: May 2024

Cell-based tissue engineering often requires the use of scaffolds to provide a three-dimensional (3D) framework for cell proliferation and tissue formation. Polycaprolactone (PCL), a type of polymer, has good printability, favorable surface modifiability, adaptability, and biodegradability. However, its large-scale applicability is hindered by its hydrophobic nature, which affects biological properties. Composite materials can be created by adding bioactive materials to the polymer to improve the properties of PCL scaffolds. Osteolectin is an odontogenic factor that promotes the maintenance of the adult skeleton by promoting the differentiation of LepR+ cells into osteoblasts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether 3D-printed PCL/osteolectin scaffolds supply a suitable microenvironment for the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). The hDPCs were cultured on 3D-printed PCL scaffolds with or without pores. Cell attachment and cell proliferation were evaluated using EZ-Cytox. The odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was evaluated by alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase assays. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of the proteins DSPP and DMP-Results: The attachment of hDPCs to PCL scaffolds with pores was significantly higher than to PCL scaffolds without pores. The odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was induced more in PCL/osteolectin scaffolds than in PCL scaffolds, but there was no statistically significant difference. 3D-printed PCL scaffolds with pores are suitable for the growth of hDPCs, and the PCL/osteolectin scaffolds can provide a more favorable microenvironment for the odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs.
Fine-resolution estimation for urban surface water pollution susceptibility with multi-modal earth observation data
Authors: Shao Mengmeng , Xie Xiao , E Chao , Li Jingzhong , Ren Wanxia
Published: May 2024

The sustainability and suitability of water resources are of great importance for maintaining urban populations. The landscapes and environment around urban waters have always been the main focus of maintaining water quality for sustainable water supplies. Early-stage field investigations recognized the influence of land use/land cover (LULC) on water quality. To extend the research scope in spatial and temporal dimensions, remote sensing techniques have been utilized to discover the relationships between LULC and water quality. However, these remote sensing datasets generally had a medium spatial resolution, making them unable to support the fine-detailed land classifications that are critical to explore the water quality in an urban area. Moreover, although more details regarding the land surface are available from the currently-generated high-resolution and very-high-resolution remote sensing images, this land surface information is too complex for the state-of-the-art deep learning approaches and benchmark datasets. This manuscript reports our efforts on developing a framework to explore the fine-resolution relationship between surface water pollution and LULC. To address the cost of computing time and limitations of well-labelled datasets, we employ a foundation model-enhanced approach for water extraction and water-surrounded LULC classification. We propose an estimator of surface water pollution susceptibility to main pollutants based on the surrounding LULCs. Selecting the Future City of Beijing as the study area, based on very-high-resolution remote sensing images, the experiment proved that our proposed approach could effectively map the susceptibility of surface water pollution caused by its surrounding land use and land cover. To our knowledge, the relationship of LULCs and water quality have not been investigated using 0.5 m spatial resolution data. We hope our work can provide a prospective fine-detailed water quality analysis in the community of water environment of remote sensing.
Coherence-mixedness trade-offs
Authors: Zhang Qing-Hua , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: May 2024

Quantum coherence constitutes a foundational characteristic of quantum mechanics and is integral to emerging quantum resource theories. However, quantum coherence is severely restricted by environmental noise in general quantum processing, indicated by the loss of information of a quantum system. Such processing can be described by the trade-offs between the coherence and the mixedness. Based on the l
2 norm coherence, conditional von Neumann entropy and Wigner–Yanase skew information, we derive basis-independent constraints on the attainable quantum coherence imposed by the mixedness of a quantum state, which generalize the prior basis-dependent relations, provide fundamental insights into the latent coherence resources present within arbitrary quantum systems that undergo decoherence and quantify the inherent limits on extractable coherence imposed by environmental noise.
Conformal invariants of curves via those for inscribed polygons with circular edges
Authors: Dorn Harald
Published: May 2024

The conformal nature of smooth curves in

R

3

is characterised by conformal length, curvature and torsion. We present a derivation of these conformal parameters via a limiting process using inscribed polygons with circular edges. The procedure is based on elementary geometry in

R

3

only and similar to the rectification of curves in the metrical case. It seems to be not available in the literature so far.
Using several types and doses of manure to increase the productivity of Konjac plants (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Putra S , Heryana N , Rusli  , Gusmaini
Published: May 2024

Amorphophallus muelleri (known as "porang" in Indonesia) can be used as a high-value alternative food source and potentially be a glucomannan production source. Due to its limited production, Indonesia has yet to meet the Amorphophallus muelleri (konjac) flour demand. During growth, konjac plants require sufficient fertilization to increase production and yield large tubers. This study aims to determine the appropriate types and doses of manure fertilizers to enhance konjac plant productivity. The research employed a randomized complete block design with ten treatments using sheep, chicken, and cow manure, as well as a control, with doses of 1.5, 1, and 0.5 kg per plant, repeated four times. The results showed that using manure fertilizers significantly affected the growth of konjac plants, including plant height, stem diameter, leaf width, canopy diameter, and yield. The best dry weight results were obtained using chicken manure at 1 kg per plant (61.33 g) and 1.5 kg per plant (47.64 g). Using sheep, cow, and chicken manure increased konjac tuber yield by 94.95%, 93.55%, and 66.96%, respectively.
Developed biofilm-based biofertilizer as a bioremediation agent for agroecosystem and environment contaminated with Cr (VI)
Authors: Salsabila H A , Rosariastuti R , Sudadi
Published: May 2024

Biofilm are microbial community that attaches to one substrate and another through EPS. Functional microbes in biofilm can be used as a biofertilizer which increase plant growth by providing nutrients and plant resistance to pathogens due to agricultural environmental degradation. Beside being a biofertilizer, biofilm can be developed as a bioremediation agent. Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is a heavy metal that is widely used in the leather tanning, pharmaceutical and metallurgical industries, so it is easily found in irrigation and causes agricultural land pollution. Chrome can be toxic to microorganisms, plants, animals and humans, because it is carcinogenic, causes ecosystem damage and has a negative impact on human health. Various techniques are used to remediate Cr (VI), one method that can be used is bioremediation by exploiting the potential of bacteri or fungi incorporated in the biofilm. In this study, the biofilm consisted of bacterial and fungi (BFBF) that were found on the western slopes of Mount Lawu. The Cr (VI) reduction test was carried out at concentrations of 5 and 50 mg L−1. The results showed that the biofilm was able to reduce Cr (VI) up to 1.19 mg L−1within 6 hours.
Effect concentration and duration of soaking seed with gibberellin on the viabillity of shallot seed
Authors: Krismiratsih F , Fibriani S , Pristiwaningsih E R , Saputra G B
Published: May 2024

One of the horticultural commodities that has important value in Indonesia is shallots (Allium cepa L). Shallots can be propagated using a vegetative seed (tuber seed) or generative method using (True shallot seed). The use of botanical seeds (TSS) has several obstacles, including low viability and vigor. Providing ZPT can contribute to increasing the growth of shallot botanical seeds (TSS) and increasing the germination percentage. This research aims to obtain the concentration and soaking time of the giberellin on the germination and growth of shallot seedlings. The research was compiled using a completely randomized design (RAK) with two factorials. The treatments were 3 giberellin concentration i.e 0, 100,150, 200 ppm which were immersed for 0; 6; 12; 24 hours, with 3 replication and each replication consisted of 4 sample. Parameters observed include maximum potential growth, seeds germination, plant height, wet weight and dry weight. The result of the research showed that giberellin with a concentration of 150 ppm is the best on parameters and with soaking time 9 ours able to improve maximum potential growth, plant height, wet weight and dry weight.
Application of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) to Improve the Quality of MD2 Pineapple Seedlings from Crown Shoots and Sapling Shoots
Authors: Lestari D. , Cahyaningrum D. T. , Mayasari F. , Suwarsono M. D.
Published: May 2024

This aim of this research is to determine the effect of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) concentration to the origin of the planting material and their interaction on the growth and development of Millie Dillard-2 (MD2) variety pineapple seedlings so that quality pineapple seedlings with good performance and rooting are obtained. The research was conducted from May to December 2023, experimentally using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor is IBA concentration of 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 600 ppm. The second factor is the origin of the crown shoots and sapling shoots. Thus, there were eight treatment combinations; each treatment was repeated three times, so there were 24 experimental units. Each experimental unit used 3 plant samples. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results were tested further using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) test at the 5% level. Observation were carried out on seedlings aged 30 Day After Planting (DAP) and 100 DAP with observation variables consisting of the root fresh weight aged 30 DAP and 100 DAP, total primary roots and increase in number of leaves. The research results show that giving a concentration of IBA of 400 ppm and seedling shoot planting material is the best treatment combination to be applied to MD2 pineapple seedlings.
Product development of seablite salt (Suaeda Maritima) based on quality function deployment (QFD)
Authors: Maflahah I , Nor Faizah U , Fansuri H , Farida Asfan D
Published: May 2024

Seablite salt is one of the new healthy salt products with a NaCl content of 1.325 ± 0.135%. This research aims to determine the physical characteristics through the required attributes in terms of products and packaging that align with consumer expectations. The method used is Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The stages of making QFD are consumer importance level analysis; customer satisfaction level; analysis of product comparison with competitors; goal setting; determintation of improvement ratio, sales point, the weight value of each attribute, normalized raw weight, translating various consumer needs; the correlation matrix links each attribute of technical requirements; the trade-off matrix; the priority of technical requirements; and forming the house of quality. The research results show that consumer needs attributes in terms of the product include price, color, taste, texture, aroma, and ease of dissolution. In terms of packaging, these attributes encompass packaging convenience, nutritional information, composition information, halal product information, net weight information, storage instructions, serving instructions, and expiration date information. The technical requirements established by experts in terms of the product consist of six attributes: salty taste, clean and odorless salt, fine salt texture, ease of dissolution, and the use of fresh raw materials.
Development of local food products hedonic test of cassava sago lempeng with the addition of fish powder formula
Authors: Amra Nizmawaty , Nugroho Wasis , Ali Nur M , Ansar  , Sari Anita Febrian P
Published: May 2024

Due to its geographical location, Ternate is vulnerable to natural disasters. In times of crisis, the community requires emergency disaster food. Preferably, this food should be sourced from the local area. Sago plates made from cassava, a staple food in the region, are commonly consumed by the people of Ternate. Substituting food ingredients has the potential to enhance sago plate products. In Ternate, fish is a crucial commodity and is widely consumed by the community, particularly tuna due to its high protein and omega-3 content. The objective of this study is to develop a food product wherein yellowfin tuna is used as a substitute for sago plate sigkong. The research is an intervention/experimental study that employs three formulas- F1, F2, and F3- with F1, F2, and F3 containing 10%, 15%, and 20% yellowfin tuna powder, respectively. A hedonic test was conducted to assess the favorability level of the three formulas. The test results indicated that F1, F2, and F3 were “slightly liked to liked,” with a score of 6 to 7 in terms of appearance, color, aroma, texture, and taste. The study’s conclusion is that the F3 formula, containing 20% yellowfin tuna powder, is the most preferred.
Microbiology Profile of Dairy Product Raw Materials to Prepare Superior Products for Politeknik Negeri Jember
Authors: Utomo B , Respati A N , Bakri A , Anwar S , Nurfitriani R A , Tanjungsari A
Published: May 2024

The government continues to make efforts to reduce the incidence of stunting through education on the provision of animal protein food products especially Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk product. Tefa (Teaching Factory) Polije (Politeknik Negeri Jember) in preparation for UHT Milk production required several product tests, one of them is the Microbiology Profile. This study aimed to determine microbiology profile of Tefa UHT Polije milk products. The method used were descriptive quantitative consisting using fresh milk samples from Tefa Dairy Cows and water quality with 2 replications each used Total Plate Count (TPC) test. The results showed the Total Bacteria content in fresh milk raw materials was normal, namely 1.45 x 104 ml/cfu. The quality of water as a raw material for made superior Tefa UHT milk products is <1 x 101 cfu/ml. The quality of pH value and water were normal (6.8 and 6.9), and the quality of milk density 1.028 and water 1 (normal). The conclusion was the quality of Tefa Polije UHT milk raw materials was of good quality to prepare UHT milk production as Polije’s superior product.
Proposed Design of Blockchain Technology for Rice Supply Chain System in Indonesia
Authors: Purwandoko P B , Solahudin M , Novianti F , Mayasti N K I , Rahman N , Susanti N D , Indriati A , Gultom N , Rahmawati L , Andriansyah R C E
Published: May 2024

The agricultural commodity supply chain is unique because it still undergoes metabolism after harvest, so it is easily damaged and depends on the climate and season. The rice supply chain in Indonesia has many stakeholders from upstream to downstream, making it much more complex. The challenge is that many activities make it difficult to trace materials, process flows, and information flows. This condition resulted in an inefficient rice supply chain and no upstream and downstream transparency. This paper aims to provide a proposal for an integrated rice supply chain design based on blockchain technology so that it can increase added value and product competitiveness. Based on the study’s results, the rice supply chain comprises six main stakeholders: farmer groups, collecting traders, the milling industry, distributors, Bulog (National Logistics Agency), and retailers. This paper describes the blockchain technology design to be implemented in the rice supply chain. Blockchain technology has the advantage because the historical information recorded for each stakeholder can be distributed to other stakeholders so that the flow of information can be distributed to all stakeholders, making it more transparent. The application of distributed storage has resulted in blockchain technology having advantages in data storage and security.