bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implications of Iran Sanctions on Civilian Mental Health and Quality of Life
Authors: Tahan Mohammad
Published: September 2020

In order to synchronize foreign policies of governments, firm actions in the form of economic sanctions have long been employed by western countries. Those countries that tend to have independent views and policies are made to undergo economic adversity to fall in line. But the hardest hit by these coercive actions are the ordinary citizens who have to endure immense difficulty with social and economic issues not to mention the human rights violations. This paper provides a review regarding the effect of economic sanctions on mental health and quality of life of Iranian citizens based on data available from Iran post-sanctions. From 2012 stronger sanctions have been implemented on Iran as its nuclear program failed to draw faith in terms of its peaceful execution. Evidence have pointed out that economic sanctions imposed by western countries have a detrimental and destructive effect on the health of individual Iranians and they violated some basic human rights.
Metabarcoding Analysis of the Bacterial and Fungal Communities during the Maturation of Preparation 500, Used in Biodynamic Agriculture, Suggests a Rational Link between Horn and Manure
Authors: Zanardo Marina , Giannattasio Matteo , Sablok Gaurav , Pindo Massimo , Porta Nicola La , Lorenzetti Michele , Noro Carlo , Stevanato Piergiorgio , Concheri Giuseppe , Squartini Andrea
Published: September 2020

Horn manure (Preparation 500) is a product used in the practice of biodynamic agriculture. It is obtained by an underground fermentation of cow faecal material incubated in cow horns for several months. The product is used as spray treatment meant to increase soil fertility. In the present report we analyzed the successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities throughout the process of horn manure maturation by high throughput sequencing of ribosomal 16S (bacterial) and ITS (fungal) gene markers. Marked shifts in the microbial community were seen involving a general decrease from a Firmicutes-dominated material to a product transiently enriched in Proteobacteria and later in Actinobacteria, mostly within the Nocardioidaceae family. In the fungal community evolution, the most abundant taxon in the starting faecal material resulted a member of the Onygenales order, known to specifically degrade keratin. Its abundance in the intestine is explained by the fact that keratin, which is also the structural component of hairs and horns, is found in all epithelial layers, including gut mucosae. This occurrence suggests a link of enzymatic/catabolic nature between manure and horn.
Polarity Free Magnetic Repulsion and Magnetic Bound State
Authors: Ucar Hamdi
Published: September 2020

This is a report on a dynamic autonomous magnetic interaction which does not depend on polarities resulting in short ranged repulsion involving one or more inertial bodies and a new class of bound state based on this interaction. Both effects are new to the literature, found so far. Experimental results are generalized and reported qualitatively. Working principles of these effects are provided within classical mechanics and found consistent with observations and simulations. The effects are based on the interaction of a rigid and finite inertial body (an object having mass and moment of inertia) endowed with a magnetic moment with a cyclic inhomogeneous magnetic field which does not require to have a local minimum. Such a body having some DoF involved in driven harmonic motion by this interaction can experience a net force in the direction of the weak field regardless of its position and orientation or can find stable equilibrium with the field itself autonomously. The former is called polarity free magnetic repulsion and the latter magnetic bound state. Experiments show that a bound state can be obtained between two free bodies having magnetic dipole moment. Various schemes of trapping bodies having magnetic moments by rotating fields are realized as well as rotating bodies trapped by a static dipole field in presence of gravity. Also, a special case of bound state called bipolar bound state between free dipole bodies is investigated.
Efficacy of Double Dose Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) and Associated Co-infections: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Horowitz Richard , R. Freeman Phyllis
Published: September 2020

Three patients with multi-year histories of relapsing and remitting Lyme disease and associated co-infections despite extended antibiotic therapy were each given double dose dapsone combination therapy (DDD CT) for a total of 7-8 weeks. At the completion of therapy, all three patients major Lyme symptoms remained in remission for a period of 25-30 months. In conclusion, Double dose dapsone therapy could represent a novel and effective anti-infective strategy in chronic Lyme disease/PTLDS, especially in those individuals who have failed regular dose dapsone combination therapy (DDS CT) or standard antibiotic protocols. A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial is warranted to evaluate the efficacy of DDD CT in those individuals with chronic Lyme disease/PTLDS.
New Mechanistic Insights on Carbon Nanotubes Nanotoxicity Using Isolated Submitochondrial Particles, Molecular Docking, and Nano-QSTR Approaches
Authors: González-Durruthy1 Michael , Concu Riccardo , Ruso Juan , Dias Soeiro Cordeiro Maria Natalia
Published: September 2020

Herein, we present a combination of experimental and computational study on the mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase nanotoxicity inhibition induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-pristine, SWCNT-COOH). To this end, the in vitro inhibition responses in submitochondrial particles (SMP) as F0F1-ATPase enzyme were strongly dependent on the concentration assay (from 3 to 5 µg/ml) for both types of carbon nanotubes. Besides, both SWCNTs show an interaction inhibition pattern like the oligomycin A (the specific mitochondria F0F1-ATPase inhibitor). Furthermore, the best crystallography binding pose obtained for the docking complexes based on the free energy of binding (FEB), fit well with the previous in vitro evidences from the thermodynamics point of view. Following an affinity order as: FEB (oligomycin A/F0-ATPase complex) = -9.8 kcal/mol > FEB (SWCNT-COOH/F0-ATPase complex) = - 6.8 kcal/mol ~ FEB (SWCNT-pristine complex) = -5.9 kcal/mol. With predominance of van der Waals hydrophobic nanointeractions with key F0-ATPase binding site residues (Phe 55 and Phe 64). By the other hand, results on elastic network models, and fractal-surface analysis suggest that SWCNTs induce significant perturbations by triggering abnormal allosteric responses and signals propagation in the inter-residue network which could affect the substrate recognition ligand geometrical specificity of the F0F1-ATPase enzyme in order (SWCNT-pristine > SWCNT-COOH). Besides, the performed Nano-QSTR models for both SWCNTs show that this method may be used for the prediction of the nanotoxicity induced by SWCNT. Overall, the obtained results may open new avenues toward to the better understanding and prediction of new nanotoxicity mechanisms, rational drug-design based nanotechnology, and potential biomedical application in precision nanomedicine.
Addressed Fiber Bragg Structures in Load Sensing Wheel Hub Bearings
Authors: Agliullin Timur , Gubaidullin Robert , Sakhabutdinov Airat , Morozov Oleg , Kuznetsov Artem , Ivanov Valentin
Published: September 2020

The work presents an approach to instrument the load sensing bearings for automotive applications for estimation of the loads acting on the wheels. The system comprises fiber-optic sensors based on addressed fiber Bragg structures (AFBS) with two symmetrical phase shifts. A mathematical model for load-deformation relation is presented, and the AFBS interrogation principle is described. The simulation includes (i) modeling of vehicle dynamics in a split-mu braking test, during which the longitudinal wheel loads are obtained, (ii) the subsequent estimation of bearing outer ring deformation using a beam model with simply supported boundary conditions, (iii) the conversion of strain into central wavelength shift of AFBS, and (iv) modeling of the beating signal at the photodetector. The simulation results show that the estimation error of the longitudinal wheel force from the strain data acquired from a single measurement point was 5.44% with root-mean-square error of 113.64 N. A prototype load sensing bearing was instrumented with a single AFBS sensor and mounted in a front right wheel hub of an experimental vehicle. The experimental setup demonstrated comparable results with the simulation during the braking test. The proposed system with load-sensing bearings is aimed at estimation of the loads acting on the wheels, which serve as input parameters for active safety systems, such as automatic braking, adaptive cruise control, or fully automated driving, in order to enhance their effectiveness and safety of the vehicle.
Green Infrastructure as an Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategy - A Review
Authors: balany Fatma , Ng A.W.M , Muttil Nitin , Muthukumaran Shobha , Wong Man Sing
Published: September 2020

Research on urban heat mitigation has been growing in recent years with many of the studies focusing on green infrastructure (GI) as a strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of Urban Heat Island (UHI). This paper aims at presenting a review of the range of findings from GI research for urban heat mitigation through a review of scientific articles published during the years 2009-2019. This research includes a review of the different types of GI and its contribution for urban heat mitigation and human thermal comfort. In addition to analyzing different mitigation strategies, numerical simulation tools that are commonly used are also reviewed. It is seen that ENVI-met is one of the modelling tools that is considered as a reliable tool to simulate different mitigation strategies and hence has been widely used in the recent past. Considering its popularity in urban microclimate studies, this article also provides a review of ENVI-met simulation results that were reported in the reviewed papers. It was observed that the majority of the research was conducted on a limited spatial scale and focused on temperature and human thermal comfort.
Characteristics of LDAPS-predicted Surface Wind Speed and Temperature at Automated Weather Stations with Different Surrounding Land Cover and Topography in Korea
Authors: Kim Dong-Ju , Kang Geon , Kim Do-Yong , Kim Jae‒Jin
Published: September 2020

We investigated the characteristics of surface wind speeds and temperatures predicted by the local data assimilation and prediction system (LDAPS) operated by the Korean Meteorological Administration. First, we classified automated weather stations (AWSs) into four categories [urban flat (Uf), rural flat (Rf), rural mountainous (Rm), and rural coastal (Rc) terrains] based on the surrounding land cover and topography, and selected 25 AWSs representing each category. Then we calculated the mean bias error of wind speed (WE) and temperature (TE) using AWS observations and LDAPS predictions for the 25 AWSs in each category for a period of 1 year (January–December 2015). We found that LDAPS overestimated wind speed (average WE = 1.26 m s–1) and underestimated temperature (average TE = –0.63°C) at Uf AWSs located on flat terrain in urban areas because it failed to reflect the drag and local heating caused by buildings. At Rf, located on flat terrain in rural areas, LDAPS showed the best performance in predicting surface wind speed and temperature (average WE = 0.42 m s–1, average TE = 0.12°C). In mountainous rural terrain (Rm), WE and TE were strongly correlated with differences between LDAPS and actual altitude. LDAPS underestimated (overestimated) wind speed (temperature) for LDAPS altitudes that were lower than actual altitude, and vice versa. In rural coastal terrain (Rc), LDAPS temperature predictions depended on whether the grid was on land or sea, whereas wind speed did not depend on grid location. LDAPS underestimated temperature at grid points on the sea, with smaller TE obtained for grid points on sea than on land.
It Is High Time to Increase Elite Soccer Substitutions Permanently
Authors: Mota Gustavo R. , Santos Izabela Aparecida dos , Marocolo Moacir
Published: September 2020

The soccer injury rate is distinctly higher during matches than the training sessions. Rules determine how to play, generating specific kinds of fatigue which is associated with the injury incidence. No research has evaluated the impact of potential rule-induced physical demands in soccer or comparing sports. Understanding the differences might be useful for enhancing rules (e.g., safer sport). Therefore, the aims of this study were: a) to described the differences in the rule-induced physical demands of soccer, futsal, basketball, and handball; and b) to evaluate whether soccer rule-induced physical demands are different than the other invasion intermittent team sports, focusing the impact of the substitutions rules. Data were collected from different sports rules (i.e., soccer, futsal, basketball, and handball), and performed hypothetical corrections to equate the other team sports to the soccer (i.e., court dimensions/number of players). The data showed that soccer has higher rule-induced physical demands: lower substitutions, higher dimensions in absolute (eight to 15 times), and relative (four to eight times) values. Hypothetical corrections showed that soccer has remarkably large differences. Therefore, we conclude that soccer has remarkably higher rule-induced physical demands than other team sports, and allowing unlimited substitutions in soccer is a must.
Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Networks and Mitigation Methods
Authors: Ahmad Kamal Alya Hannah , Yi Yen Caryn Chuah , Ling Pang Sze , -tuz-Zahra Fatima
Published: September 2020

The rapid growth of network services, Internet of Things devices and online users on the Internet have led to an increase in the amount of data transmitted daily. As more and more information is stored and transmitted on the Internet, cybercriminals are trying to gain access to the information to achieve their goals, whether it is to sell it on the dark web or for other malicious intent. Through thorough literature study relating to the causes and issues that are brought from the security and privacy segment of wireless networks, it is observed that there are various factors that can cause the networks to be an insecure; especially factors that revolve around cybercriminals with their growing expertise and the lack of preparation and efforts to combat them by relevant bodies. The aim of this paper is to showcase major and frequent security as well as privacy issues in wireless networks along with specialized solutions that can assist the related organizations or the public to fathom how great of an impact these challenges can bring if every related stakeholder took a step in reducing them. Through this paper it is discovered that there are many ways these challenges can be mitigated, however, the lack of implementation of privacy and security solutions is still largely present due to the absence of practical application of these solutions by responsible parties in real world scenarios.
КОРОНАВИРУС: ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ
Authors: Хоперская Лариса , Пшеничная Наталья
Published: September 2020

Обосновывается тезис о том, что пандемия COVID-19 задала новые параметры выстраивания миропорядка, выдвинув в качестве основных ценностей современного общества жизнь и здоровье. Если до начала эпидемии основными критериями оценки государств выступали экономическая мощь, военная сила и уровень демократии, то сегодня рейтинг государства в значительной степени определяется способностью противостоять пандемии, т. е. иметь эффективный контроль над распространением COVID-19 в обществе, оказывать пациентам надлежащий объем и уровень медицинской помощи.

Динамика пандемии наглядно демонстрирует утрату Соединенными Штатами Америки статуса глобального лидера и формирование новой системы, включающей четыре группы государств: в первую группу входят государства, способные самостоятельно, без внешней помощи обеспечить функционирование национальной системы здравоохранения; вторую группу составляют государства, признающие недостаточность собственных ресурсов в борьбе против распространения коронавирусной инфекции и открыто обращающиеся за помощью к странам, обладающим необходимыми средствами; третья группа – государства, отрицающие опасность пандемии и принципиально отказывающиеся от осуществления каких-либо специальных мер под предлогом сохранения экономики; четвертая группа – государства «западного демократического ядра», декларирующие самодостаточность в борьбе с коронавирусом, но объективно демонстрирующие самые высокие показатели заболеваемости и смертности от коронавирусной инфекции.

При этом вместо принципиальной реорганизации национальных систем здравоохранения они сосредоточены на поисках всяческих способов дискредитации опыта Китая и России в борьбе с COVID-19. Наиболее часто используемыми инструментами дискредитации выступают СМИ и НПО, финансируемые крупными международными финансово-промышленными корпорациями.
De abuelos mulatos nietos indios. La "desaparición" de los mulatos en la parroquia de Encarnación, 1778-1822
Authors: Torres Franco Carmen Paulina
Published: September 2020

En la parroquia de Encarnación, durante las primeras dos décadas del siglo XIX, los bautizos de mulatos descendieron casi 30% sin causa aparente. Al reconstruir familias y genealogías de familias mulatas se hizo evidente que, en su mayoría, los nietos de mulatos adquirieron la calidad de indios y, en menor medida, de mestizos y españoles. El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar cómo y por qué los nietos de mulatos fueron designados como indios en los libros parroquiales de Encarnación durante 1778-1822.
El matrimonio y los judeoconversos de la mesocracia cordobesa durante el siglo XV
Authors: Herencia Lavirgen Mª Inmaculada
Published: September 2020

RESUMEN: Este trabajo trata de analizar las posibilidades y las dificultades que presenta el estudio de la documentación notarial del siglo XV, para, en base a esto, conocer las relaciones sociales tejidas entre los judeoconversos de la mesocracia cordobesa a través del matrimonio. Prestaremos atención a los problemas de la documentación, la participación de las familias, la composición de los matrimonios y su distribución por la ciudad; finalmente,  ofreceremos el estudio de un caso concreto. No obstante, esto no es más que un primer paso en un trabajo que requiere mucha mayor profundidad; lo que presentamos aquí son las líneas de actuación a desarrollar con posterioridad.PALABRAS CLAVE: judeoconversos, mesocracia, redes, matrimonio. ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on the opportunities and the troubles that we find when we research about the notarial documents from the fifteenth century. With this base, we will be able to know that converts from Córdoba’s medium groups built new social networks by marriage. We will pay attention to the troubles we have found with documents, the role performed by families, the composition of the couples and their geographical setting in the city; finally, we will provide the analysis of a particular case. However, this is the first step of a research that requires more work, so what we offer here are the lines we will have to carry out later.KEY WORDS: converts, medium groups, networks, marriage.
APRENDIZAGEM DA PRONÚNCIA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA POR FALANTES DO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO: ORALIDADE E ARTICULAÇÃO DO –ED DO SIMPLE PAST
Authors: Castilho Rafael Alves de , Reis Marta Aparecida Oliveira Balbino dos
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo examinar a pronúncia de verbos regulares da língua inglesa conjugados no simple past na produção oral de estudantes brasileiros de um Centro de Estudos de Línguas – CEL da cidade de Assis-SP. O foco do estudo desta pesquisa é a pronúncia dos três alomorfes: /t/, /d/ e /id/ no tempo verbal supracitado. Após o levantamento bibliográfico de cunho teórico prático (BLAND, 1996; LAFACE; TASHIRO, 2006; UR, 2012), e a coleta de dados, realizada por meio das gravações de produções orais dos alunos, foi possível analisar as variantes fonéticas e as interferências ocorridas. Durante essa análise, foram consideradas a proposta didático-pedagógica do Estado no que se refere aos cursos de língua inglesa oferecidos nos CELs, a duração desses cursos e o material didático utilizado, fornecido pelo Estado. Pudemos constatar a importância e a necessidade, tanto para os alunos quanto para os professores, de dar maior ênfase em questões e atividades que tratem da produção oral e da pronúncia da língua inglesa.
SMARTCAT E WORDFAST ANYWHERE: SISTEMAS DE MEMÓRIAS DE TRADUÇÃO E A DOCUMENTAÇÃO NA ÁREA AGRÍCOLA EXPORTADORA DE LIMÃO
Authors: Serpa Talita , Lima Ione Marina de , Santos Stefani Silva dos
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho tenciona analisar brevemente o desempenho de dois Sistemas de Memórias de Tradução (SMTs) com armazenagem em nuvem, a saber: SmartCat e Wordfast Anywhere, no que diz respeito ao processo tradutório (português ↔ inglês) de termos simples e complexos relacionados ao campo do comércio e exportação de produtos cítricos brasileiros. Valemo-nos, para tanto, de teorias voltadas à Tradução assistida por computador (MENDIBIL, 1995; WEININGER, 2004; STUPIELLO, 2011, 2015), às Memórias de Tradução (RIECHE, 2004, LIMA et al., 2017) e da Tradução técnico-terminológica (VILLELA, 2016; POLCHLOPEK; AIO, 2009; BARROS, 2004). Buscamos verificar alguns aspectos pertinentes ao processo tradutório da linguagem de especialidade presente em Notas Fiscais de Importação e Exportação, entre outros documentos, por meio dos SMTs a fim de investigar as aproximações e distanciamentos no tocante à tal terminologia. Os resultados apontaram para exemplos como “Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento e Coordenadoria de Defesa Agropecuária”/ The Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply Department of Agriculture Defense/ Department of Agriculture and Food Suplly Coordination of Agricultural Defense, o que nos leva a salientar a necessidade de enaltecer o papel do tradutor como mediador e condutor de escolhas efetivas dentro das plataformas de MTs.
ROLE OF CYCLIN D1 IN THE MECHANISMS OF TAMOXIFEN RESISTANCE
Authors: Erdyneeva D. B. , Babyshkina N. N. , Dronova T. A. , Vtorushin S. V. , Slonimskaya E. M. , Stegniy V. N. , Cherdyntseva N. V.
Published: September 2020

Hormone-receptor positive breast cancer is the most common molecular subtype and represents 60–75 % of all breast cancers (BC). The presence of specific molecular targets such as the estrogen/progesterone receptor determines the use of hormone therapy for patients with this subtype. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, remains the first adjuvant treatment choice for the hormone-receptor positive BC patients. However, tamoxifen resistance is the major limitation of its efficacy. In this regard, the study of drug resistance mechanisms as well as search for biological prognostic markers of tamoxifen efficacy is very important. Cyclin D1 is a representative of the regulatory protein family, which plays a central role in the cell cycle regulation. The data on the association between cyclin D1 and estrogen-dependent signaling as well as the characteristics of CCND1 gene and its most studied polymorphic loci, were presented. The prognostic significance of cyclin D1 in hormone-receptor positive BC receptor-positive breast cancer was described. The experimental and clinical studies data on the association between the cyclin D1 expression level and tamoxifen efficacy are analyzed. Current approaches to overcoming hormone resistance based on cyclin D1 studies were considered.
The (chemical) potential for understanding overstepped garnet nucleation and growth
Authors: Nagurney Alexandra B. , Caddick Mark J. , Dragovic Besim , Busse Kristen
Published: September 2020

Overstepping of porphyroblast-forming reactions has been shown to occur in regional, contact, and subduction zone metamorphism, calling into question the paradigm that metamorphic mineral reactions occur at or very close to thermodynamic equilibrium. These overstepped reactions result from the fact that nucleation and growth of new phases requires a thermodynamic driving force or a “departure” from equilibrium. We use phase equilibria modeling to elucidate the energetic consequences of over-stepped garnet nucleation and growth by comparing the chemical potentials of garnet-forming oxide components (MnO, CaO, FeO, MgO, Al2O3) in two sets of calculations: one in which Gibbs free energy is minimized and one in which the minimization proceeds under identical conditions but in the forced absence of garnet. We focus on 12 examples from the literature that have previously described garnet nucleation as minimally overstepped (garnet nucleation at the P-T of initial garnet stability) or garnet nucleation as more substantially overstepped (garnet nucleation at P-T conditions greater than initial garnet stability). For a small P-T interval above nominal garnet-in reactions, differences in the chemical potentials between the two calculations are commonly minimal. In all tested examples calculated using two versions of the THERMOCALC thermodynamic data set, the chemical potential of Al2O3 (μAl2O3) diverges between garnet-bearing and garnet-absent calculations at greater P-T conditions than that of MnO, CaO, FeO, and MgO. The P-T interval between thermodynamic garnet-in and the point at which μAl2O3 differs substantially between the two sets of calculations appears to be a function of bulk-rock MnO content, reemphasizing the role that small quantities of MnO play in the apparent stability of garnet in calculated phase equilibria. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple thermodynamic data sets, the location of the garnet-in curve, and the abundance of mineral phases in the discussion of overstepped metamorphic reactions. The results have implications for determining kinetic barriers to crystal nucleation and growth and considering the most appropriate way of defining “garnet-in” for samples that have experienced overstepping.
The potential for aqueous fluid-rock and silicate melt-rock interactions to re-equilibrate hydrogen in peridotite nominally anhydrous minerals
Authors: Lynn Kendra J. , Warren Jessica M.
Published: September 2020

Hydrogen is a rapidly diffusing monovalent cation in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs, such as olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene), which is potentially re-equilibrated during silicate melt-rock and aqueous fluid-rock interactions in massif and abyssal peridotites. We apply a 3D numerical diffusion modeling technique to provide first-order timescales of complete hydrogen re-equilibration in olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene over the temperature range 600–1200 °C. Model crystals are 1–3 mm along the c-axis and utilize H+ diffusion coefficients appropriate for Fe-bearing systems. Two sets of models were run with different boundary compositions: (1) “low-H models” are constrained by mineral-melt equilibrium partitioning with a basaltic melt that has 0.75 wt% H2O, and (2) “high-H models,” which utilize the upper end of the estimated range of mantle water solubility for each phase. Both sets of models yield re-equilibration timescales that are identical and are fast for all phases at a given temperature. These timescales have strong log-linear trends as a function of temperature (R2 from 0.97 to 0.99) that can be used to calculate the expected re-equilibration time at a given temperature and grain size. At the high end of the model temperatures (1000–1200 °C), H+ completely re-equilibrates in olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene within minutes to hours, consistent with previous studies. These short timescales indicate that xenolith NAM mantle water contents are likely to be overprinted prior to eruption. The models also resolve the decoupled water-trace element relationship in Southwest Indian Ridge peridotites, in which peridotite REE abundances are reproduced by partial melting models whereas the relatively high NAM H2O contents require later re-equilibration with melt.

At temperatures of 600–800 °C, which correspond to conditions of hydrothermal alteration of pyroxene to amphibole and talc, H+ re-equilibration typically occurs over a range of timescales spanning days to years. These durations are well within existing estimates for the duration of fluid flow in oceanic hydrothermal systems, suggesting that peridotite NAM water contents are susceptible to diffusive overprinting during higher temperature hydrothermal alteration. Thus, diffusion during aqueous fluid-rock interactions may also explain NAM H2O contents that are too high to reflect residues of melting. These relatively short timescales at low temperatures suggest that the origin of water contents measured in peridotite NAMs requires additional constraints on sample petrogenesis, including petro-graphic and trace element analyses. Our 3D model results also hint that H+ may diffuse appreciably during peridotite serpentinization, but diffusion coefficients at low temperature are unconstrained and additional experimental investigations are needed.
Structural variations across the nepheline (NaAlSiO4)–kalsilite (KAlSiO4) series
Authors: Antao Sytle M. , Hovis Guy L.
Published: September 2020

The crystal structures of 19 samples from the nepheline (NaAlSiO4; Ne)–kalsilite (KAlSiO4; Ks) series, previously prepared via ion-exchange, were examined using synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data and Rietveld structure refinements. Parent materials for the three series include a natural Monte Somma nepheline (series-1), synthetic Na nepheline (series-2), and high-Si synthetic nepheline (series-3), having excess Si mole percentages of 5.2, 1.7, and 12.5%, respectively. Three different structure-types were found to occur among the samples examined: nepheline (P63), tetrakalsilite (P63), and kalsilite (both P63 and P31c intergrowth). Trikalsilite was not observed in this study. Vacancies (☐) at the K site as well as Ca and K atoms at the Na1 site play an important role in the crystal-chemical behavior of nepheline solid solutions. Vacancies cause an elongation in the average [9] distance in nepheline. When K atoms enter the Na1 site in nepheline, the average <(Na,K)-O>[7] distance increases linearly and is parallel to the average <(Na,K)-O>[9] distance in kalsilite and the grand mean of such distances in trikalsilite and tetrakalsilite. Before K atoms enter the Na1 site, the average <(Na,K)-O>[7] distance is constant because of the full occupancy of the Na1 site with Na atoms. Ca atoms at the Na1 site in the Monte Somma sample-1 cause a contraction in the <(Na,K)-O>[7] distance. In Na-rich nepheline samples, Na atoms in the large channels occupy a Na(K) site that is off the 63 axis and close to the usual K site. In natural nepheline samples, the K site in most cases contains K atoms and ☐, and the Na1 site is filled mainly with Na, minor Ca, and K atoms in K-rich samples. Nepheline from Monte Somma (sample-1) contains weak satellite reflections that are also present in some other kalsilite samples. Average  distances indicate a high degree of Al-Si disorder in nepheline but increasing Al-Si order in tetrakalsilite and kalsilite. Increasing the amount of K atoms beyond the ideal composition of K0.25Na0.75[AlSiO4] causes expansion in multiple structural parameters because of the larger size of K+ relative to Na+.
A quantitative description of fission-track etching in apatite
Authors: Aslanian Carolin , Jonckheere Raymond , Wauschkuhn Bastian , Ratschbacher Lothar
Published: September 2020

We measured the apatite etch rate νR in 5.5 M HNO3 at 21 °C as a function of orientation. Results for Durango apatite evidence that νR varies by a factor >5 with angle to the c-axis. Our measurements also provided track etch rates νT and surface etch rates νS. However, these cannot be combined for calculating track etching or counting efficiencies. By inserting the measured etch rates in a recent model, we calculate the geometries and dimensions of surface tracks in different apatite faces. The proposed model must be recalibrated for different etching protocols and adapted for other minerals. We submit that the new model justifies reviewing track counting efficiencies based on the existing (νB-νT) etch model. We anticipate that this will have an effect on practical aspects of fission track dating. Single-track step-etch data show that the confined track lengths increase with etch time at a decreasing average rate νL that differs from the track etch rate νT and the apatite etch rate νR. Both νT and νL exhibit large track-to-track differences that produce irreducible length variation related to the latent-track structure resulting from formation and annealing. Step etching and track width measurements are effective for reducing or eliminating procedure-related artifacts from track length data, and so for accessing more fundamental track properties.
Priscillagrewite-(Y), (Ca2Y)Zr2Al3O12: A new garnet of the bitikleite group from the Daba-Siwaqa area, the Hatrurim Complex, Jordan
Authors: Galuskina Irina , Galuskin Evgeny , Vapnik Yevgeny , Zeliński Grzegorz , Prusik Krystian
Published: September 2020

Priscillagrewite-(Y), ideally (Ca2Y)Zr2Al3O12 (Ia3d, a = 12.50 Å, V = 1953.13 Å3, Z = 8), a new member of the garnet supergroup and bitikleite group, was discovered in a fluorapatite layer (metaphosphorite) hosted by varicolored spurrite marble in the Daba-Siwaqa area of the Transjordan plateau south of Amman, central Jordan. The Daba-Siwaqa area is the largest field of the Hatrurim Complex pyrometamorphic rocks distributed along the rift of the Dead Sea. Priscillagrewite-(Y) and other accessory minerals (such as members of the brownmillerite-srebrodolskite series, fluormayenite, lakargiite, baghdadite, hematite, sphalerite, zincite, garnet of the andradite-grossular series, tululite, vapnikite, minerals of the lime-monteponite series and members of the magnesiochromite-zincochromite series, cuprite, and Y-bearing and Y-free perovskite) are distributed irregularly in varicolored spurrite marble. The empirical formula of priscillagrewite-(Y), based on 12 O atoms, is (Ca2.19Y0.65Ce0.033+Nd0.033+Gd0.023+Dy0.023+Er0.023+Yb0.023+La0.013+Sm0.013+)Σ3.00(Zr1.79Ti0.134+Sb0.075+U0.016+)Σ2.00(Al1.70Fe1.213+Si0.04P0.045+)Σ2.99O12. A good match was obtained for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns with a garnet model having a = 12.50 Å. The new garnet forms idiomorphic, isometric crystals up to 15 μm in size. It is transparent and has pale yellowish tinge, and its luster is vitreous. Priscillagrewite-(Y) is isotropic: n = 1.96 based on the Gladstone-Dale calculation using a = 12.50 Å and the empirical formula. The Mohs hardness is about 7–7.5. Density calculated from the empirical formula is 4.48 g/cm3. Raman spectrum of priscillagrewite-(Y) is similar to those of other minerals of the bitikleite group and contains the following bands (cm−1): 150, 163, 240, 269, 289, 328, 496, 508, 726, and 785. The strongest lines of the calculated powder diffraction data are as follows [(hkl) dhkl (I)]: (422) 2.552 (100), (642) 1.670 (96), (420) 2.795 (84), (400) 3.125 (72), (200) 4.419 (35), (640) 1.733 (32), and (1042) 1.141 (25). Priscillagrewite-(Y) is interpreted to be a relic of the high-temperature association formed in the progressive stage at the peak pyrometamorphism conditions when temperature could have reached close to 1000 °C.
Sustaining a temperature difference
Authors: Polettini Matteo , Garilli Alberto
Published: September 2020

We derive an expression for the minimal rate of entropy that sustains
two reservoirs at different temperatures T_0T0
and T_\ellTℓ.
The law displays an intuitive \ell^{-1}ℓ−1
dependency on the relative distance and a characterisic
\log^2 (T_\ell/T_0)log2(Tℓ/T0)
dependency on the boundary temperatures. First we give a
back-of-envelope argument based on the Fourier Law (FL) of conduction,
showing that the least-dissipation profile is exponential. Then we
revisit a model of a chain of oscillators, each coupled to a heat
reservoir. In the limit of large damping we reobtain the exponential and
squared-log behaviors, providing a self-consistent derivation of the FL.
For small damping “equipartition frustration” leads to a well-known
ballistic behaviour, whose incompatibility with the FL posed a long-time
challenge.
Modelling the response of paddy water balance on groundwater level fluctuations in Central Punjab
Authors: Kaur Samanpreet , Singh Ramandeep , Vashisht Bharat Bhusan , Gill K. K. , Aggarwal Rajan
Published: September 2020

The present study employs a process-based DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) model for estimating agriculture water use and its evaluation for simulating groundwater fluctuations. A field experiment was performed during kharif season with PR 121 variety (rice) at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. There were six treatments with three dates of transplanting – June 5 (D1), June 20 (D2) and July 5 (D3), one cultivar – PR121 (V) and two irrigation regimes – 2-day drainage (I1) and tensiometer-based (I2). Both simulation and experimental results showed that paddy transplanted on June 20 (D2) and tensiometer-based irrigation treatment (I2) gave 23 and 32% higher yield in comparison to June 5 (D1) and July 5 (D3) with maximum water use efficiency of 1.69 kg/m3. The validated DSSAT model was simulated for a historical time slice (1998–2014) and indicated that 66% of applied water in the form of rainfall or irrigation in paddy fields was lost as drainage component. The simulated change in storage (rainfall minus evapotranspiration) was able to explain groundwater level fluctuations in terms of trends/magnitude in most of the years.
Quantitative analysis of trace metals in the Raritan River with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
Authors: Li Ya-nan , Duan Zhihui , Li Jing , Shao Zhiwei , Mo Juncheng , Wu Junhui , Ling Shuyi , Liu Zhuoheng , Chen Chengyu
Published: September 2020

Raritan River is the largest river basin in New Jersey, providing the water supply for one million people in seven counties nearby. In this study, water samples collected from 11 Raritan River standard sampling stations along the Raritan Estuary to the Atlantic Ocean were analyzed for concentrations of trace metals and their isotopes. The concentration of each trace metal was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), with normalization of internal standard and correction with acid blanks. The metal concentration levels were compared to the National Recommended Water Quality Criteria (NRWQC). Results showed that the metal concentrations generally increased with the sampling station number, indicating that more trace metals were distributed in seawater than freshwater along the river basin. None of the sampling stations had concentrations of 52Cr or 208Pb exceeding the NRWQC. For 64+66Zn, only the water concentration (230 μg/L) at station 7 has exceeded the NRWQC. The concentrations of 75As at stations 9, 10, and 11 have exceeded the NRWQC, possessing potential risk for causing chronic disease. Furthermore, 63+65Cu and 106+111Cd concentrations at all sampling stations exceeded the limit set by NRWQC. Considering the potential health hazards of these trace metals, the sampling sites with excessive concentrations should be monitored.
Formação do professor de educação infantil no curso de pedagogia: reflexões a partir da análise das produções científicas (2002-2013)
Authors: Oliveira Daniele Ramos de , Silva Rosângela Aparecida Galdi da , Guimarães Célia Maria
Published: September 2020

Este artigo discute o tema da formação de professores para educação infantil e sintetiza as tendências das teses e dissertações brasileiras sobre essa formação, no âmbito do Curso de Pedagogia. Com essa intenção, contextualizamos de forma breve o histórico da formação dos profissionais de educação infantil, para identificar quais questões são desafiadoras. O mapeamento bibliográfico das pesquisas acadêmicas brasileiras que focalizam a formação inicial de professores para Educação Infantil, no Curso de Pedagogia, publicadas entre 2002 e 2013, foi realizado no banco de dados da Biblioteca Brasileira Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Esse levantamento revelou aspectos capazes de se constituir como contribuições às políticas públicas e aos formadores dos professores de educação infantil. A análise apontou o aligeiramento e a precarização dessa formação. Constatou-se que os estudos apontam que o Curso de Pedagogia não fornece os conhecimentos necessários a fim de que os professores escolham encaminhamentos adequados à educação das crianças pequenas, no desempenho da sua função de cuidar-educar. Da mesma forma, compromete a invenção de uma profissão: a do profissional de Educação Infantil. Tal contexto reclama a urgência de esforços para uma formação integrada à futura prática profissional através de projetos os quais articulem formação inicial e continuada.
Fraude e responsabilidade nas pesquisas CTS: a investigação das aparências
Authors: Stange Simone Moraes , Hayashi Carlos Roberto Massao
Published: September 2020

Na contemporaneidade, percebe-se o elevado índice de cotejamento da informação com os processos acadêmicos de investigação. A era digital disponibiliza uma ampla área de atuação entre culturas, teorias e modos de pensamento, democratizando o acesso aos pensamentos e ideias, viabilizando a disseminação do conhecimento e, também, possibilitando a promoção de práticas inconsequentes baseadas no plágio. O texto constitui um artigo de revisão de literatura no domínio CTS que analisa as condições de possibilidade da ciência e do sujeito por ela constituído no debate sobre as noções de fraude e de responsabilidade que os mesmos possuem. A pesquisa tem o objetivo de elucidar quais são as implicações que o plágio prescreve para a linha de atuação da ciência e da tecnologia. Logo, o trabalho divide-se em três momentos: inicialmente, buscar-se-á explicitar os conceitos de ética, de responsabilidade e de plágio, construindo aparato para os dois momentos seguintes, o levantamento das principais consequências do fim da autonomia e da autoria científica, na demonstração do descrédito dos sujeitos cognitivos e, no terceiro momento, apresentar as possibilidades de repensar instrumentos de reordenamento das práticas acadêmicas que busquem, significativamente, serem apropriadas de modo autêntico, inovador e baseada no desenvolvimento social das pesquisas em CTS.
Contribuições do projeto piloto à coleta de dados em pesquisas na área de educação
Authors: Silva Luis Henrique , Oliveira Anna Augusta Sampaio
Published: September 2020

No presente artigo tratamos da importância do Projeto Piloto como recurso fundamental para análise do planejamento e dos procedimentos que serão adotados na construção de fontes verdadeiramente científicas através de entrevistas na área de educação. Para tanto, apresentamos toda a trajetória de planejamento, aplicação, análise e reestruturação das entrevistas que utilizamos como recurso para coleta de dados em uma dissertação de Mestrado cujo foco foi a análise da concepção do êxito no ensino de história para alunos com deficiência intelectual em uma Diretoria Regional de Educação do interior do Estado do São Paulo. Os resultados demonstraram que a entrevista é de fato um importante recurso para coleta de dados em pesquisas que envolvem a participação de alunos com deficiência intelectual e seus respectivos professores, porém, necessita ser amplamente planejada de forma a reduzir a chance de interferência de diversos fatores que, por suas características, são capazes de comprometer a amostra e, consequentemente, a fidedignidade esperada nos trabalhos acadêmicos.
Iniciação à docência e ensino de história — desafios na contemporaneidade
Authors: Hahn Fábio André , Giovanni Adaiane
Published: September 2020

O artigo examina, a partir das experiências desenvolvidas no PIBID, como o recurso tecnológico, mediado pelo professor, pode ser uma alternativa no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com alunos dos 9ºs anos do Ensino Fundamental de dois colégios públicos do Paraná a partir da observação in loco, da aplicação de questionário e da metodologia WebQuest. Verificou-se, quanto ao perfil dos estudantes e à influência das novas tecnologias, que o investimento na formação inicial e continuada do professor se apresenta como imprescindível para uma real mudança no atual contexto educacional.
As tecnologias da informação e da comunicação como mediação pedagógica no curso de pedagogia
Authors: Oliveira Valéria Alves de , Moreira Herivelto
Published: September 2020

O artigo apresenta parte dos resultados da dissertação de Mestrado realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia da UTFPR, cujo objetivo foi analisar como os professores do Curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade particular do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil utilizavam as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) em suas práticas pedagógicas para a formação de futuros professores. A revisão da literatura para o estudo foi elaborada a partir de vários autores nacionais e internacionais. Para esse artigo foi feito um recorte da revisão literatura, abordando mais especificamente a importância da utilização das TICs para a formação de professores e a inovação pedagógica com o uso das tecnologias para a construção do saber. A abordagem utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa de natureza interpretativa. A amostra constitui-se de treze professores de Curso de Pedagogia. A técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Para a finalidade deste artigo será apresentado apenas duas das categorias discutidas na dissertação. Os principais resultados mostram que as TICs são utilizadas para transmissão de informação e não como um recurso para auxiliar no desenvolvimento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e grande parte dos professores entrevistados possui dificuldades para utilizar recursos tecnológicos na prática pedagógica.
Políticas públicas e educação: desdobramentos para a pesquisa
Authors: Hillesheim Betina
Published: September 2020

Este artigo propõe discutir as relações entre políticas públicas e educação, com o intuito de pensar a pertinência das pesquisas que articulam esses campos. Para tanto, problematiza-se a compreensão sobre educação, argumentando que, nas sociedades contemporâneas, a mesma transborda a instituição escolar e confunde-se com a própria sociedade, tornando-se volátil e sendo buscada em diferentes espaços. Assim, a educação não se esgota no que Foucault denomina como poder disciplinar, mas também pode ser compreendida a partir de mecanismos biopolíticos, sendo que, no seu encontro com as políticas públicas, ocupa um lugar estratégico na gestão da vida da população. Afirma-se, portanto, que as políticas públicas, mediante diferentes discursos (da Saúde, da Educação, do Direito, da Psicologia...), educam, constituindo sujeitos de determinadas formas, bem como qualificando e desqualificando modos de viver.