Morphofunctional changes of the left ventricle induced by the consumption of high carbohydrate diet
Authors: Kitawara Koody Andre Hassemi , Ribeiro Elisabeth Aparecida , Francisqueti Fabiane Valentini , Ferron Artur Junio Togneri , Minatel Igor Otávio , Bazan Silméia Garcia Zanati , dos Anjos Ferreira Ana Lúcia , Corrêa Camila Renata 
Published: November 2023

Aim

To evaluate the effect of the consumption of a high carbohydrate diet on the morphology and function of the left ventricle (LV).

Methods

40 male Wistar rats were assigned to receive water + standard diet (group C, n=20) or CHO diet with water + 25% sucrose (CHO group, n=20) for 20 weeks. Food consumption (FC) was measured daily and body weight (BW) was assessed weekly. After 20 weeks, the following cardiac structures were measured: left ventricle diastolic (LVDD) and systolic diameter (LVSD); posterior wall diastolic (PWTd) and systolic thickness (PWTs); interventricular septum wall diastolic (SWTd) and systolic thickness (SWTs); aortic diameter (AD); left atrium diameter (LA); relative thickness of LV (RTLV); LV mass (LVM) and LV mass index (LVMI) were calculated by normalizing the LVM to the body weight. The systolic function was evaluated by the following indices: Percentage of endocardial shortening (% Δendo), percentage of mesocardial shortening (% Δ meso), posterior wall shortening velocity (PWSV). The diastolic LV function was evaluated by the following indices: Peak of initial diastolic filling velocity (wave E); peak of late diastolic filling velocity (wave A); ratio between the waves E and A (E/A); The study was complemented by tissue Doppler evaluation of the systolic displacement (S').

Results

The groups had no difference in body weight over the course of 20 weeks of treatment, however the CHO group had significant cardiac changes.

Conclusion

The consumption of a high carbohydrate diet led to concentric cardiac remodeling associated with systolic dysfunction.

Cardiac structure Echocardiogram 20 weeks

Variables
Groups
p

Control
CHO

BW (g)
480,0 ± 50,0
491,3 ± 66,8
0,393

LVDD (mm)
7,11 ± 0,60
6,79 ± 0,56
0,020

LVSD (mm)
3,01 ± 0,38
3,22 ± 0,53
0,050

PWTd(mm)
1,54 ± 0,11
1,95 ± 0,12
<0,001

PWTs (mm)
3,20 ± 0,32
3,24 ± 0,25
0,494

SWTd(mm)
1,60 ± 0,11
2,25 ± 0,32
<0,001

SWTs(mm)
3,60 ± 0,27
3,67 ± 0,31
0,293

AD (mm)
3,73 ± 0,23
3,95 ± 0,20
<0,001

LA (mm)
4,73 ± 0,21
6,10 ± 0,39
<0,001

LA/AD
1,27 ± 0,09
1,54 ± 0,10
<0,001

LVDD/BW
14,90 ± 1,39
13,99 ± 1,65
0,009

LA/BW
9,95 ± 1,06
12,59 ± 1,57
<0,001

LVM
0,75 ± 0,13
1,06 ± 0,20
<0,001

LVMI
1,57 ± 0,24
2,19 ± 0,45
<0,001

RTLV
0,44 ± 0,04
0,58 ± 0,06
<0,001

Cardiac Function Echocardiogram 20 weeks

Variables
Groups

Control
CHO
p

Cardiac Output
89,392 ± 24,927
79,439 ± 23,963
0,070

Cardiac Index
186,649 ± 51,512
162,655 ± 47,097
0,030

%short.endo
57,638 ± 3,741
52,636 ± 5,828
<0,001

%short.meso
26,069 ± 3,388
24,846 ± 4,007
0,144

E mitral
77,228 ± 10,673
80,978 ± 9,803
0,105

A mitral
48,648 ± 12,012
50,855 ± 15,518
0,478

E/A
1,629 ± 0,274
1,717 ± 0,488
0,326

Ejection Fraction
0,922 ± 0,020
0,889 ± 0,041
<0,001

S lateral
5,633 ± 0,551
5,173 ± 0,459
<0,001

S septal
5,603 ± 0,390
5,110 ± 0,458
<0,001

S average
5,618 ± 0,386
5,141 ± 0,374
<0,001