bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN REACT TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA DITINJAU DARI KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 7 MALANG
Authors: Meita Nisfil Maghfiroh
Published: March 2021

Pembelajaran konvensional perlu dialihkan ke pembelajaran dengan pendekatan konstruktivis untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian  ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi REACT dan pembelajaran konvensional terhadap prestasi  belajar fisika. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMAN 7 Malang dan diterapkan pada siswa kelas X yang terdiri atas 2 kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Desain penelitian adalah penelitian kuasi-eksperimen dengan rancangan faktorial 2x2. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian melibatkan 33,3% siswa berketerampilan proses sains tinggi dan 33,3% siswa berketerampilan proses sains rendah. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan 104 siswa. Keterampilan proses sains dinilai dengan menggunakan lembar observasi. Prestasi belajar fisika diperoleh dari nilai tes 20 soal pilihan ganda. Ranah kognitif yang digunakan adalah C1 s/d C4 taksonomi Bloom. Analisis data untuk uji hipotesis adalah uji ANAVA 2 jalur dan uji Tukey. Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  prestasi  belajar fisika siswa yang belajar dengan strategi  REACT lebih  tinggi daripada  prestasi  belajar  fisika siswa yang belajar secara konvensional. Terdapat  interaksi antara strategi  pembelajaran  dan keterampilan proses terhadap prestasi belajar fisika. Prestasi belajar fisika siswa yang mempunyai keterampilan proses sains tinggi belajar dengan strategi REACT lebih tinggi  daripada prestasi belajar fisika siswa yang mempunyai keterampilan proses sains tinggi yang belajar  secara konvensional. Prestasi belajar fisika siswa yang mempunyai keterampilan proses sains rendah yang belajar secara konvensional lebih tinggi daripada prestasi belajar fisika siswa yang  mempunyai keterampilan proses sains rendah yang belajar dengan strategi REACT.
Characteristics and outcomes of critically ill children transported by ambulance in a Turkish prehospital system: a multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Saz Eylem Ulaş , Duman Murat , Besli Gülser Esen , Keser Ayşe Gültekingil , Tekşam Özlem , Çelik Tanju , Oğuz Sinan , Tekin Deniz , Akça Halise , Tuygun Nilden , Çelik Tuğçe , Gökay Sinem Sarı , Yılmaz Hayri Levent , Gökalp Gamze , Bal Alkan , Anıl Murat , Turan Caner , Yurtseven Ali
Published: March 2021

Background. The most underdeveloped area in the care of critically-ill-children (CIC) is the prehospital period. Appropriate prehospital assessment and life-saving-interventions (LSI) of this population are challenging and require dedicated resources to ensure the best outcomes. We aimed to determine the characteristics and outcomes of CIC transported to the Turkish Pediatric Emergency Departments (EDs). The frequency and distribution of LSI administered by prehospital providers on route and in the EDs were also investigated.
Methods. This prospective study was conducted at 4 metropolitan cities and 9 tertiary pediatric EDs between August 2014-August 2015. A survey based study evaluated all CIC who were brought by ambulance to the participant EDs. CIC were defined as a patient who requires LSI or needs intensive care admission for any reason. Patient demographics, clinical features, reason for transport, performed procedures in the ambulance or ED were sought. Finally, the short-term outcomes of transported CIC and transport-associated risks were analyzed.
Results. During the study period, a total 2094 children were brought by ambulance to all participant EDs. Only 227 (10.8%) of them were critically-ill. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers were less likely to perform procedures in CIC if they were staffed with paramedics (p < 0.001). Most procedures were performed on children aged one or older (p < 0.001). No procedure was performed in the ambulance for nearly one fourth of patients who received LSI in the EDs. If the EMS did not have a physician, prehospital providers were less likely to provide immediate LSIs (p < 0.001). CIC were more likely referred from secondary/tertiary care hospitals. The short-term mortality rate was higher if the ambulance was staffed by only paramedics.
Conclusion. This study demonstrated that Turkish prehospital pediatric emergency care is deficient. We offer a clinical overview of pediatric emergencies to aid EMS directors, policymakers, and ED directors in planning the care of CIC.
Fecal elastase levels in children diagnosed with functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified
Authors: Güven Burcu , Turan Nuriye Burçin , Öner Ahmet Fayik , Karaman Kamuran , Çetin Mecnun
Published: March 2021

Background. Although the exact pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal diseases remains unclear, numerous etiologies have been blamed, including visceral hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal motility disorders, psychological factors, intestinal mucosal inflammation, intestinal microbiota, and post-infectious syndromes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate pancreatic insufficient patients diagnosed with functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) according to Rome IV criteria.
Methods. The study included a total of 110 patients aged 4-17 years who were diagnosed with FAP-NOS according to Rome IV criteria. The control group consisted of 80 patients with no gastrointestinal disorders and chronic diseases. Glucose, amylase, lipase, pancreatic amylase, immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) and fecal elastase (FE-1) levels were examined for each patient.
Results. No significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to lipase, pancreatic amylase, IRT, and serum glucose levels. However, the amylase levels were significantly higher and the FE-1 levels were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (p=0.007 and p < 0.001). The cut-off value detected in in ROC analysis for the diagnostic value of FE-1 in predicting FAP-NOS was found to be 140.107 μg/g. Based on this value, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of FE-1 were 82.1%, 66.2%, 77%, 73%, respectively. Accordingly, the likelihood of FE-1 in providing a positive value in patients with FAP-NOS was almost 9 times higher than in individuals without FAP-NOS.
Conclusions. FE-1 levels were significantly lower in children diagnosed with FAP-NOS and we consider that this difference could be attributed to malabsorption secondary to dysbiosis as there is not enough data.
The Implementation of Australia’s “Stepping-Up Engagement” with the Melanesian States as the Defence Strategy of Australia to Respond to the Rise of China in the South Pacific Region (2013-2018)
Authors: Perwita Anak Agung Banyu
Published: March 2021

The rise of China in the South Pacific region indicates China’s growing political-diplomatic, economic, and the possibility of military presence within the region. Accordingly, it develops Australia’s threat perception and affects Australia’s national interest. A secure nearer region is the second most important in Australia’s strategic defense interests. Therefore, the stability and security of the South Pacific region are crucial to Australia’s national interests. This research discussed Australia’s “Stepping-Up engagement” as the defense strategy of Australia to strengthen its bilateral defense relations with the Melanesian states as the response to the rise of China. In addition, the research is constructed by using the concept of national interest, threat perception, defence strategy and bilateral defence relations through qualitative research method. This research explains the implementation of Australia’s “Stepping-Up engagement” with the Melanesian states as the defence strategy of Australia to respond to the rise of China in the South Pacific region.
As cidades mineiras do barroco nos cinejornais da Agência Nacional
Authors: Bastos Denise de Morais , Cheibub Bernardo Lazary
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo examina três cinejornais produzidos pela Agência Nacional e analisa imagens e narração na tentativa de compreender os discursos produzidos sobre o patrimônio histórico do país, considerado um dos elementos fundamentais das práticas turísticas. A investigação utiliza-se do método indiciário e da análise fílmica, propostos por Carlo Ginzburg (1989) e por Francis Vanoye e Anne Goliot-Lété (2012), respectivamente, e de conceitos desenvolvidos por Stuart Hall (2006). A originalidade do trabalho proposto recai na utilização de filme documentário na pesquisa em turismo e na interlocução com os campos de conhecimento da História, Cinema e Sociologia. O principal resultado alcançado foi a verificação da possibilidade de entrelaçamento das noções de identidade nacional e identidade turística.
Sistemas de informação em saúde, o instrumento de apoio à gestão do SUS: aplicabilidade e desafios
Authors: Saraiva Lucas Iago Marques , Ramos Francisco Alexandre Sena , Dos Santos Gilvan Ferreira , Vetorazo Jabneela Vieira Pereira
Published: March 2021

Esse artigo buscou abordar sobre os Sistemas de Informação em Saúde utilizado pelos profissionais na gestão de saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde. Observou-se que três são os pilares que formam um sistema de informação (SI): dado, informação e conhecimento. Para a saúde, uma informação contribui no processo decisório, uma vez que auxilia no conhecimento sobre as condições de saúde, morbimortalidade, fatores de riscos, condições demográficas e entre outras. O sistema atualmente utilizado em grande parte dos municípios é o e-SUS que é apoiado por dois sistemas de informação em saúde para Atenção Básica (SISAB), o sistema de informação nacional e o sistema e-SUS na Atenção Básica. Essas informações colhidas pelos sistemas são imprescindíveis ao planejamento, à implantação, à implementação e à avaliação de ações e serviços de saúde, estas são capazes de identificar problemas individuais e coletivos. Muitas vezes, os gestores e profissionais de saúde não utilizam os sistemas de informação de maneira correta, sendo muitas vezes incipiente para o processo decisório da gestão. Esses profissionais usam e compartilham informações e dados, no entanto, enfrentam desafios no uso dessa tecnologia como substrato para a produção do conhecimento e decisão.
Patterns of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Late Gadolinium Enhancement on Cardiac MRI in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and their Prognostic Significance – An Experience from a South Asian Country
Authors: Sultan Fateh Ali Tipoo , Saadia Sheema
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is very pertinent in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to assess the patterns of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and their prognostic significance in HCM patients in Pakistani population, as no such data are available from Pakistan.

Material and Methods:

This was a retrospective, single center study. All patients who had confirmed diagnosis of HCM on CMR at Aga Khan University Hospital during the period of 2011–2019 were identified and included in the study.

Results:

A total of 74 patients were included with the mean age of 45.6 ± 15 years and the majority 71.6 % (n = 53) being male. Maximal LV wall thickness was 21.1 ± 5 mm, asymmetrical septal hypertrophy being the most common pattern (62.2%, n = 46). LGE was present in 75.7% (n = 56) with most common site being septum plus LV free wall (24.3%, n =18). Mean ejection fraction% was found to be lower in patients with LGE (P < 0.001). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were observed in 40.5% (n = 30). Presence of LGE and right ventricular involvement was found to have a statistically significant association with MACE (P value 0.018 and 0.046, respectively). In multivariable analysis, only LGE was significantly associated with MACE (odd ratio: 4.65; 95% CI: 1.21–17.88).

Conclusion:

Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy was the most common pattern of hypertrophy. LGE was present in three fourth of the study population and it was significantly associated with MACE.
On nonbinary quantum convolutional BCH codes
Authors: La Guardia Giuliano G.
Published: March 2021

Several new families of nonbinary quantum convolutional Bose-Chaud-huri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes are constructed in this paper. These code constructions are performed algebraically and not by computation search. The quantum convolutional codes constructed here have parameters better than the ones available in the literature and they have non-catastrophic encoders and encoder inverses. These new families consist of unit-memory as well as multi-memory convolutional stabilizer codes.
Fidelity as a figure of merit in quantum error correction
Authors: Aamlof Jonas , Bjork Gunnar
Published: March 2021

We discuss the fidelity as a figure of merit in quantum error correction schemes. We show that when identifiable but uncorrectable errors occur as a result of the action of the channel, a common strategy that improves the fidelity actually decreases the transmitted mutual information. The conclusion is that while the fidelity is simple to calculate and therefore often used, it is perhaps not always a recommendable figure of merit for quantum error correction. The reason is that while it roughly speaking encourages optimisation of the ``mean probability of success'', it gives no incentive for a protocol to indicate exactly where the errors lurk. For small error probabilities, the latter information is more important for the integrity of the information than optimising the mean probability of success.
Nickel-Catalyzed 1,2-Diarylation of Alkenyl Ketones: A Comparative Study of Carbonyl-Directed Reaction Systems
Authors: Kleinmans Roman , Apolinar Omar , Derosa Joseph , Karunananda Malkanthi , Li Zi-Qi , Tran Van , Wisniewski Steven , Engle Keary
Published: March 2021

A conjunctive cross-coupling reaction of alkenyl ketones, aryl iodides, and arylboronic esters under nickel catalysis is reported. The reaction delivers the desired 1,2-diarylated products with moderate to excellent regiocontrol using a diverse array of ketone starting materials, as illustrated across over 40 examples. To showcase the versatility of this method, a representative product is diversified into a wide range of synthetically useful building blocks, that are not readily accessible via existing 1,2-diarylation reactions. Preliminary mechanistic studies shed light on the binding mode of the substrate, and Hammett analysis shows the effect of electronic factors on initial rates. To our knowledge, this method represents the first example of catalytic 1,2-diarylation of an alkene, directed by a native ketone functional group.
Temperature Sensitive and Reversible Halide Ion Exchange in Inorganic-Organic Hybrid CH3NH3Pbl3-xBrx Mixed-halide Perovskite
Authors: Cui Shuting , Sun Xun , Tao SiWen , Zhou Huawei , Yin Jie , Zhang Xianxi
Published: March 2021

Ion exchange of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite plays an important role in controlling the performance of materials ant its devices. In this study, we found an interesting phenomenon that the precipitate in the in suspension (CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx in γ – butyrolactone) presented different colors at high and room temperature. The mechanism study shows that the phenomenon is controlled by temperature sensitive and reversible halide ion exchange in organic-inorganic hybrid CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx mixed-halide perovskite. The results of structure phase, element composition morphology and band gap indicate that high temperature 55 °C is beneficial to the increasing of I content in MAPbI3-xBrx and room temperature or lower is beneficial to increasing of Br content in MAPbI3-xBrx.measurement were carried out. Compared with MAPbI0.76Br2.24 precipitate obtained at room temperature, MAPbI1.17Br1.83 precipitate obtained at high temperature exhibit wider lattice spacing, better crystallinity, better morphology and narrower band gap. The results and findings in this study will arouse the interest of readers or experts in the field of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials and related optoelectronic applications.
Metallized Ni(OH)2·NiO/FeOOH on Ni foam as Highly Effective Water Oxidation Catalyst Prepared by Surface Treatment: Oxidation-Corrosion Equilibrium
Authors: Wang Fei , Sun Xiaoxian , Wang Yi , Zhou Huawei , Yin Jie , Zhang Xianxi
Published: March 2021

The surface treatment method has a great influence on the structure and properties of applied materials for interface catalysis. In this study, we prepare Ni(OH)2·NiO/FeOOH by surface treatment in acid solution using oxidation-corrosion equilibrium (OCE). For comparison, we also treat Ni foam with the same process in alkaline solution. Ni(OH)2·NiO/FeOOH can arrive steady-morphology and metallization by oxidation-corrosion equilibrium and exhibits superior catalytic activity as water oxidation catalyst. Ni(OH)2·NiO/FeOOH(OCE) needs only 232 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2, while it is 254 mV for a reference IrO2/Ni foam. The mechanism study shows that the small charge transfer resistance (2.04 Ωcm2) is favorable for the rapid interface electron exchange between Ni(OH)2·NiO/FeOOH(OCE) and reactive species in water oxidation. In addition, the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and series impedance show that the catalyst is metallic property in virtue of exposed mental Ni in Ni(OH)2·NiO/FeOOH(OCE). The volume ratio of hydrogen to oxygen (about 2:1) indicates overall water splitting by the double electrode system. When the volume ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1, the Faraday efficiency of H2 or O2 is close to 100%. Ni(OH)2·NiO/FeOOH(OCE) exhibits good stability for one month. The research results provide a feasible approach for finding low cost metallized catalysts to replace noble metal as water oxidation catalysts and improving the efficiency of water splitting.
Efficient Exploration of Chemical Space with Docking and Deep-Learning
Authors: Yang Ying , Yao Kun , Repasky Matthew P. , Leswing Karl , Abel Robert , Shoichet Brian , Jerome Steven
Published: March 2021

With the advent of make-on-demand commercial libraries, the number of purchasable compounds available for virtual screening and assay has grown explosively in recent years, with several libraries eclipsing one billion compounds. Today’s screening libraries are larger and more diverse, enabling discovery of more potent hit compounds and unlocking new areas of chemical space, represented by new core scaffolds. Applying physics-based in-silico screening methods in an exhaustive manner, where every molecule in the library must be enumerated and evaluated independently, is increasingly cost-prohibitive. Here, we introduce a protocol for machine learning-enhanced molecular docking based on active learning to dramatically increase throughput over traditional docking. We leverage a novel selection protocol that strikes a balance between two objectives: (1) Identifying the best scoring compounds and (2) exploring a large region of chemical space, demonstrating superior performance compared to a purely greedy approach. Together with automated redocking of the top compounds, this method captures nearly all the high scoring scaffolds in the library found by exhaustive docking. This protocol is applied to our recent virtual screening campaigns against the D4 and AMPC targets that produced dozens of highly potent, novel inhibitors, and a blinded test against the MT1 target. Our protocol recovers more than 80% of the experimentally confirmed hits with a 14-fold reduction in compute cost, and more than 90% of the hit scaffolds in the top 5% of model predictions, preserving the diversity of the experimentally confirmed hit compounds.
Malignant melanoma of the nasal mucosa
Authors: Nishtha Anand  , Santosh Kumar Swain
Published: March 2021

Nose's Paranasal sinus & malignant melanoma are rarely seen, bold tumor with a prevalence rates of 0.68 percent across every malignant tumor. The neuroectodermal cells which are termed as Melanomas are found in skin's base layer, iris’s vascular intraocular coat, skin adnexa, & infrequently into outer covering of mucous. Blockage feeling of nose & bleeding from the nose are the symptoms which are most commonly reported, however patient may have symptoms that are nonspecific, leading to a delay in diagnosis which results in appropriate prediction of treatment's outcome.  This study defines a 70 years female with the history of nose blockage feeling. Physicians suggest performing Nose’s CT scan, in which they came to know that large polypoidal portion in right nostril, extending to the nasopharynx, and eroded part of the sinus wall, septum and right medial pterygoid plate. Immunochemical study done revealed positive results for S100, vimentin, & HMB-45, which made the outcome suitable for tumor. An individual suffering from this will have no recurrence.
Developmental Status With Malnourished Children: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Sumit Thakur  , Ashish Varma  , Sachin Damke  , Revat Meshram  , Bhavana Lakhkar
Published: March 2021

A balanced diet leads to a good state of health. In India, pediatric malnutrition accounts for 22 per cent of the country's disease burden. Nutrition has a profound effect on the development of brain structure and function, and malnutrition may contribute to disease and developmental impairment in later life. The developmental evaluation assesses individuals' skills and potential. This study aimed to determine the relationship of protein-energy malnutrition with motor development and cognition among malnourished children. The research was designed as a cross-sectional observational study in the pediatric malnourished population at Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, India. The study included the children between 6 months to 5 years with Grade II, III and IV malnutrition, who was admitted in the pediatric ward and excluded those with Neurological problems, syndromes and chronic diseases affecting development. Developmental assessment of patients was done using DASII (Developmental assessment of Indian infants) scale minimum 1 week after recovery of the child from acute illness. Pearson’s  chi-square test was used for calculating the statistical significance. The developmental assessment was done using DASII scale in 273children. Only 14.80% of children had normal mental DQ in grade II, whereas motor DQ was normal in 29.78% of grade II children. None of the patients with grade III and IV had normal mental or motor DQ. Mental development is more affected due to malnutrition than motor development, and the impact increases with increasing severity.
VOLUNTARY COUNSELLING AND TESTING (VCT) SERVICES ON HIV/AIDS IN PRIVATE HOSPITAL OF YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Ayu Suci Musvita , Andriyanti Desy Riski
Published: March 2021

Background: Data Yogyakarta AIDS Commission in 2016 stated the total number of people living with HIV/AIDS was 4,648 cases consisting of 3,334 HIV cases and 1,314 AIDS cases. Based on the data of PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Yogyakarta, in October 2016 to October 2017, there were 35 patients with HIV / AIDS. Regulations carried out for any action in the hospital must be following standard operating procedures (SOP), including program counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS or Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). This program is the gateway for the community to gain access to all HIV/AIDS services. This study aimed to explore the implementation of VCT services on HIV/AIDS at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta.Methods: Descriptive qualitative using an observational approach was used in this study to describe the implementation of Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) on HIV/AIDS.  As many as ten informants were interviewed, namely: 1 head of VCT services in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, 3 VCT counselors, 1 laboratory staff and 5 clients. They were selected using purposive sampling refers to inclusion criteria.  Results: Implementation of pre-test counseling, testing, and post-test had been good. Improper service was identified in the number of counselors and waiting time for the VCT test results.Conclusions: Implementation of VCT at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is running well and follow the SOPs.
The Innovative Application of Principal's Leadership Art and Leadership in International School management
Authors: Lu Jingxi
Published: March 2021

At present, most schools adopt the principal management system. In the International Campus, the principal's leadership has a great impact on the quality of school operation. Headmasters must combine the actual situation and use of international schools, and lead in an innovative way to better promote the development of international schools. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current situation and importance of principal leadership and leadership art in international school management, and discusses the innovative application strategies of principal leadership art and leadership in international school management.
Student’s Covariational Reasoning in Solving Covariational Problems of Dynamic Events
Authors: Sandie Sandie , Susiaty Utin Desy
Published: March 2021

One of the reasons for learners to have poor covariational reasoning is because learners understand covariation to the extent that it is procedural, while conceptually it is not fully understood. The goal to be achieved is to describe the process of student covariational reasoning in constructing graphs. This research uses a qualitative approach. This type of research is qualitative research in which the main data is written and/or spoken words. The subjects in this study were odd semester students consisting of 3, 5, and 7 Mathematics Education Study Programs, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Technology IKIP-PGRI Pontianak. The research instrument consists of the main instrument, namely the researcher himself and the supporting instrument, namely the task of covariational problems in the form of a written test and interview guidelines. Data analysis by processing and preparing data from the assignment results to interpreting the data and making conclusions. This study examines the process of student covariational reasoning in solving dynamic incident problems. Students initially experience a pseudo error, however, along with the problem-solving process students can eliminate pseudo thinking that was initially experienced. Students have been able to solve covariational problems at Level 5, where these problems require students to be able to coordinate changes in the value of one variable against changes in the value of other variables. The problem at level 5 also requires students to be able to see changes in time and changes in water level that occur continuously by paying attention to the irregular shape of the bottle. The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic provides a limit for researchers in collecting data that should have been done directly online. This limits researchers to dig deeper into what students think in depth. The number of students who can solve this problem needs to pay attention to the IKIP PGRI Pontianak Institute to compile a curriculum or learning media that instils the concept of reasoning.
Practical Vitality of Green Bonds and Economic Benefits
Authors: Kant A.
Published: March 2021

Climate change is an overarching challenge for achieving sustainable development. “Green” or “Climate” Bonds are often seen as a financial instrument that may help overcome low-carbon investment defiance. This paper explores green bonds’ potential contribution to low-carbon transition and the corporate sector’s benefit following the stock market reaction. This paper focuses on a new and fascinating subject because the green bonds market is under constant scrutiny since the emergence of the first green bond in 2007. Anticipating the significance of action towards climate change is continuously increasing over time. This project can be seen as a supporting argument for investing in green bonds and fighting against climate change. This study investigates the recent developments and challenges in the green bond market. I used matching criteria and performed multivariate OLS regression to test whether the green bond is priced differently than conventional ones. The result finds that green bonds are cheaper than conventional bonds with a 1.93–2.24 per cent premium, consistent with prior studies in this topic. I used a sample of 200 corporate green bonds issued after the Paris Agreement, i. e., from December 2015 to December 2019. I further document that the stock market reacts positively to green bonds’ announcements. For this, I performed the CAR test on a company’s stock price, which gives a statistically significant abnormal return of 0.23 per cent and 1.14 per cent over time windows 10 and 20 days, respectively. Moreover, green bonds’ environmental performance on carbon emission reduction proved to be an insignificant player. For this, I tested a relationship between green bond labels and the firms’ carbon emission. The mixed results suggest that maybe green bonds are performing well economically, but it is still far from achieving its practical goal.
The Use of Strategic Marketing Tools for Territories to Develop the Domestic Tourism Resource Potential
Authors: Sushchenko Olena , Dekhtyar Nadiya , Chernysh Iryna
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to research of the features and to develop a set of recommendations for the use of strategic marketing tools for territories to develop the resource potential in Ukraine. The use of tourism resource potential is played an important role in the domestic tourism development. It is shown that the domestic tourism resource potential development is determined by the tourist product, the tourist infrastructure, the territory promotion, and the destination brand. The use of strategic marketing innovative tools and marketing support is grounded. The components of strategic marketing of territories are determined. The use of "portfolio" strategy in territorial marketing is proposed. The general tools of territorial marketing are given. It is substantiated that the Kharkiv region has a significant resource potential for the domestic tourism development. To form a positive image of Kharkiv as a tourist destination the implementation of an image marketing strategy is proposed. The competitive advantages of Kharkiv as an attractive tourist destination, a perspective center of exhibition and congress activities are determined.
Analysis of the Concept "Resources" and the Mechanism of Their Effective Formation
Authors: Chychulina Kseniia , Oleshko Karina
Published: March 2021

The article examines the essence, types, meaning and composition of enterprise resources, conducts a theoretical study of the classification of resources and their significance for the enterprise. Such concepts as "enterprise resources" and the main indicators that characterize it are revealed. The study of the views of scientists has shown that the concept of "resources" is quite controversial. The study of literature has shown that there are many different definitions and types of resources, depending on the type of activity of the enterprise, sources of formation or directions of use. The main indicators that characterize the company's resources are described and reserves and directions for their effective use are identified.
Areas of Concern of the Tourism Activities Implementation
Authors: Boiko Valentyna , Myroshnychenko Alina , Kolodiazhna Anna
Published: March 2021

Current condition, problems and prospects for the domestic tourism industry development are studied. The main aspects hindering the tourism industry development in the country are considered and require further solutions. The current normative legal acts regulating issues in the field of tourism are considered and the attention is focused on the lack of correlation between the normative regulation of the branch and the share of revenues from the provision of tourist services in the country's GDP. It is determined that further reorganization and development of tourism in our country is not possible without the active support and direct intervention of the state. The authors proposed the measures, the implementation of which will help harmonize national standards in the field of tourism and resorts with international standards and help improve the quality of the national tourism product. It is proved that the development of the tourism industry directly depends not only on strengthening state regulation of tourism at the national level, but also at the regional level, especially since the tourism management system at the regional and local levels in decentralization in Ukraine is far from perfect. Emphasis is placed on the need to implement EU legislation in the field of tourism and resorts, which contributes to the improvement of tourism legislation and developed recommendations for the implementation of mechanisms for tourism development in the country.
Cable Replacement in North America
Authors: Vonk Edo , Xia Zuming
Published: March 2021

Cable replacement projects are highly specialized as the cables are a critical tension member of the structural system of these type of bridges and often, the traffic on the bridge cannot be disrupted during the cable replacement works. The new cables also need to fit within the existing bridges and the detailing needs to be adapted to the existing situation. Experience of the design of cable supported structures, the knowledge of cables, the methods of installation, the design of specialized temporary works and detailing around anchorages needs to be combined. This article will cover the different aspects of cable replacement, the experience of suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges and will describe two case studies in North America.
Kingston Third Crossing
Authors: Brownlie Keith , Rajlic Biljana
Published: March 2021

Kingston Ontario is a city on the north eastern shore of Lake Ontario at the south end of the 202km long Rideau Canal, the oldest continually operated canal system in North America and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Cataraqui river forms the lower portion of the canal and separates central Kingston from its eastern suburbs.

The Third Crossing is a new 1.2km long multi-span two-lane highway bridge across the Cataraqui river, planned to increase east-west journey capacity and reduce congestion on existing routes and crossings. The project is intended to facilitate a significant increase in bike journeys, minimize maintenance liabilities and maximize service life.

The project is believed to be the first bridge in North America to adopt an Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) model, involving an alliance of the city, design and construction partners. The city’s Preliminary Design was radically revised through the IPD process to bridge a significant affordability gap. Strict funding deadlines required the re-design to be completed within the short period allocated for validation of the original design. The IPD model allowed that undertaking to progress efficiently and keep the project on track in challenging circumstances.

The revised design addresses complex environmental, stakeholder and heritage issues. A key requirement to acknowledge the World Heritage asset is addressed with a weathering steel arched bridge spanning 100m across the river’s boating channel to form a dynamic gateway to the canal.
Concepts of Energy-Autonomous Building Climate Automation
Authors: Reich Stefan , Vanapalli Sagar , Duerr Henning
Published: March 2021

The controlling of the building climate requires an immense energy consumption worldwide. In modern buildings, the heating energy amount can be reduced into reasonable level by the use of building insulation and low u-value facade parts. In most countries the energy needed for building cooling is a significant amount of the total building energy consumption. At office buildings the necessary cooling energy often exceeds the consumed heating energy. Therefore modern building may use a variety of shading systems to reduce the input of solar radiation into the rooms. Beside manually operated systems especially electronically operated ones seem to be the future standard in buildings.

Despite their huge comfort and efficiency these electronically operated systems are often limited to higher standard buildings and wealthier regions. Therefore this paper describes as intermediate results of an ongoing research project several concepts of the integration of energy autonomous shading and ventilation systems. All of them base on the use of temperature sensitive shape memory alloy as actuator for the moving of mechanical components. They do not need any electrical energy or electrical components, like controllers, motors or infrastructure. The concept is demonstrated in various applications from shading blinds, shading lamellas, night cooling ventilation or forced ventilation for necessary room air exchange.

Promising main applications, as night cooling or shading lamellas are investigated and demonstrated in life- size mock-ups.
Durability of Piles for Water-Level Pile Caps for the Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge
Authors: Wright Kenneth J. , Buyson Marco V.
Published: March 2021

The new Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge spans the Hudson River between Rockland and Westchester Counties in southern New York. The Hudson is estuarine in nature at this location, and thus the water is brackish and subject to tidal fluctuations and additionally contained Sulfate Resistant bacteria. The new bridges are constructed using water-level pile caps, with exposed piles from the underside of the pile cap to the river bed. Concrete pile plugs were included to transfer loads from the pile caps into the piles. This presentation will discuss the approach to achieving the desired service life for the piles used for the majority of the foundations, including how the interaction between the steel piles and the concrete pile plugs was accomplished. The assessment considered embedded zones, submerged zones and splash zones, all defined based on actual environmental exposure and with guidance from the FHWA, Caltrans, Eurocode and other publications in conjunction with site-specific testing of the water.
Live load analysis for the Hisingen Bridge
Authors: Svensson Isak , Darholm Thomas , Ekholm Kristoffer
Published: March 2021

The new bridge in Gothenburg Sweden, called Hisingen Bridge, consists of a lift bridge and approach spans. The bridge will connect the city by crossing the river Göta älv. The bridge is constructed as a vertical lift bridge which allows for up to twenty openings each day. To ease commute, the bridge has dedicated lanes for trams and buses as well as wide bike and pedestrian lanes separated from the regular traffic.

Due to its complex structure, large number of different traffic loads and complex load combinations, extensive system analyses are required. Design loads considered were loads from Eurocode, special vehicles from the Swedish national annex and tram loads unique for the city of Gothenburg. How the regular traffic should be combined with the tram loads are specific for this project . Three different design companies from different countries have been involved in the process and two complete structural analysis models have been used for the detailed design. One of the models was produced by LAP Germany, while the other was produced by ELU Sweden. The models have been used to verify each other with COWI Sweden as coordinator, which showed to be more time consuming and complex than expected.

The comparison of the two models gives mixed results. On the global level, reaction forces are found to be similar, but the deflections shows quite a big difference. Even though some differences can be found, both models are considered to be sufficient, as the primary results from each model can be verified by comparable results from the other. If the design process were to be made again the models would have been handled differently. The simplified model would have been used early in the project for preliminary global design, and then to verify the more advanced model later on.
Seismic Response Analysis of a Retrofitted Concrete Building in Mexico City
Authors: Ruiz Barba Ulises , Murcia-Delso Juan , Arnau Oriol , Muria-Vila David , Alcocer Sergio M.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents results of an ongoing study on the seismic performance of a retrofitted concrete building located in the soft soil area of Mexico City. The original structure consisted of reinforced concrete frames in two directions. The building was repaired and retrofitted after having been damaged during a moderate earthquake in 1979. The retrofit strategy consisted mainly of installing external steel braces in one direction of the building, and reinforced concrete infill walls in the other direction. The retrofitted structure showed minor damage after the 1985 and 2017 earthquakes. The goal of this investigation is to assess the structural response of the building and the effectiveness of the retrofit strategy by combining post-earthquake damage inspections, analytical modeling and ambient vibration testing. This paper focuses on the development and calibration of a three-dimensional analytical model of the building, and on the analysis of the vibration properties of the retrofitted structure. The analytical model has been calibrated using data from ambient vibration tests conducted after the 2017 event. The study of the vibration properties of the building has shown the strong influence of soil-structure interaction in the response of this building.
Seismic Upgrade of Historic Buildings/ Performance Based Design Approach: 1789 Massachusetts Ave. Case Study
Authors: Mettam Kirk
Published: March 2021

Built over 100 years ago, 1789 Massachusetts Avenue NW was one of the earliest luxury apartment buildings in Washington, DC, and was home to several distinguished individuals including millionaire industrialist and art patron Andrew Mellon. In 1976 the Building was purchased and became home to The National Trust for Historic Preservation. A new owner purchased the building in 2013 and proposed long-needed repairs and modernizations. To achieve the goals of this renovation, a new penthouse was added above the existing roof, and a full floor was added below the original historic building footprint.

Among several unique aspects of this project, one which makes it note-worthy from a preservation engineering perspective, was the design approach used to achieve seismic code compliance for the lateral system of the building. Given the level of Structural Modification, the project was considered a Level 3 Alteration in the IEBC. The historic façade is integral with the original steel frame of the building and absorbs lateral forces. The degree of fenestration and composite wall construction makes its contribution difficult to quantify. Ignoring the contribution of historic facades can lead to overly conservative design of new lateral systems. Conversely, assuming that the existing facades can resist seismic forces without careful consideration can lead to damage of the historic finishes and unintended consequences in the building envelope performance. Silman performed a series of nonlinear analyses as part of a 'performance based' approach, more common to the west coast, to benefit from the contribution of the existing historic masonry on the lateral resistance of the building while quantitatively limiting damage to the historic fabric under the seismic events. The resulting design achieved an optimal balance reducing the lateral demand on the new components of the building while providing the quantified protection of this important historical resource.
Analytical Study on Curved Box Girder Bridges with Minimum Horizontal Stiffeners
Authors: Adachi Junichi , Yamaguchi Takashi , Funayama Kohei , Arai Shintaro , Takao Michiaki
Published: March 2021

Curved box girder bridges are widely used in viaducts in urban areas, as well as highway junctions. In fabricating curved box girders, automatic welding robots cannot be applied to welding of horizontal stiffeners to the web panel due to the girder curvature and manufacturing costs increase.Elimination or reduction of the number of horizontal stiffeners is desirable. In this study,FE analysis was carried out varying the curvature and the width-thickness ratio of the structural components as structural parameters to propose the curved box girder bridges without horizontal stiffeners in the web panel. In order to evaluatethe ultimate strength, the collapse mode (buckling of lower flange, web panel or stiffeners) has been clarified considering thedesign sectional forces such as torsional moment, bending moment and shearing force.

From the results, it was found that the curvature has little influence on the bending buckling strength of the web panels. Even if the horizontal stiffeners are eliminated, the ultimate strength doesn’t decrease until compressive flange buckling occurs. It is concluded that the ultimate strength is governed by the buckling of the compressive flange, even when the bending buckling occurs in the web panel.
Can 100-year-old steel railroad bridges continue to be used in service?
Authors: Rakoczy Anna M. , Otter Duane
Published: March 2021

More than 50 percent of steel deck plate girder railway bridges in North America exceed 100 years in service. This includes more than 14,000 spans with a total length of 145 miles that remain in service. The oldest bridges are close to 150 years old. For these aging structures, there is a special need to develop reliable procedures to evaluate their fitness for continued service. Simplified calculations and conservative assumptions often lead to spurious outcomes that indicate older structures ceased to be functional decades ago. Even if a steel bridge reaches its estimated fatigue life, the structure might be fit for future service and perhaps for a significant period of time. Fitness for service assessments that utilize probabilistic methods, and that are informed by and consistent with detailed physical inspections of the structures, provide a more accurate assessment of the fitness and expected life of bridges. In this paper, a probabilistic method is demonstrated on three, riveted deck plate girder spans that exceed 100 years of service. The spans are currently located at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Learning Cycle (7E) pada Materi Plantae
Authors: Setiyadi Muhammad Wahyu
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis Learning Cycle 7E yang bersifat valid dan praktis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 (lima) tahapan yaitu Analize, Design, Develop, Implement, dan Evaluate. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melaui proses validasi LKPD angket respon siswa dan angket respon guru terhadap LKPD. Data uji coba dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Instrument pengumpulan dataÃÂ  menggunakan lembar validasi yang dilakukan oleh empat orang validator. Hasil analisis diperoleh validitas ÃÂ pada aspek isi materi, bahasa dan penyajian berturut-turut yaitu sebesar ÃÂ 3,96, 4,07, dan 4,18 dengan rata-rata skor validator 4,07 yang berarti valid dan layak digunakan.ÃÂ  Kepraktisan LKPD yang dikembangkan berada pada kriteria respon guru dan siswaÃÂ  sangat kuat yaitu 84,06% dan 87% dengan rata-rata 85,53%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa respon siswa dan guru positif terhadap LKPD yang di kembangkan.