bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave-assisted puffing of Dendrobium officinale for higher extraction rate of polysaccharides
Authors: Li Yanhong , Wang Zuoqiang , Li Tingting , Bai Xishan , Tian Kai , Huang Xiangzhong
Published: November 2023

In order to increase the extraction rate of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides, microwave puffing was used to process its fresh stems and the processing parameters were optimized. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of sample length (1–5cm), moisture content (15%–25%), microwave power (550–790 W), and microwave processing time (20–40 s) on the expansion ratio. The results showed that the optimized expansion ratio of 371.7% was achieved at the following conditions, i.e., sample length of 3.5 cm, moisture content of 23%, microwave power of 706 W, and processing time of 35 s. It was found that polysaccharides were extracted more readily from puffed D. officinale than from non-puffed D. officinale by 41.8%. Moreover, the bioactivities of polysaccharides from puffing D. officinale and non-puffing D. officinale were evaluated and compared in lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti-hyperglycemic assays.

Keywords: Dendrobium officinale; Microwave puffing; Polysaccharides; Lipid peroxidation; Anti-hyperglycemic activity
Experiments on Stability of Armor Rocks on Rear Slope of Rubble Mound Structures under Wave Overtopping Condition with Rectangular Crest Element
Authors: Kim Young-Taek , Lee Jong-In
Published: November 2023

In this study, hydraulic model tests were performed to investigate the stability of armor units at harbor side slope for rubble mound structures. The armor units on the rear slope were rocks. The Korean design standard for harbor and fishery port suggested the design figures that showed the ratio of the armor weight for each location of rubble mound structures and it could be known that the same weight ratio was needed to the sea side and rear side slope of rubble mound structures. The crest elements were commonly applied to the design process of rubble mound structures in Korea and the investigation of the effects of super structures would be needed. The damage rate (S =2) was applied and the stable wave height was measured for each test condition. The results were suggested as the armor weight ratio of the rear side slope(armor rock) to the sea side slope (tetrapod) in relation to the relative crest height.
Rejoint of Carbon Nitride Fragments into Multi‐Interfacial Order‐Disorder Homojunction for Robust Photo‐Driven Generation of H2O2
Authors: He Fengting , Lu Yangming , Wu Yuzhao , Wang Shuling , Zhang Yang , Dong Pei , Wang Yongqiang , Zhao Chaocheng , Wang Shuaijun , Zhang Jinqiang , Wang Shaobin
Published: November 2023

Photocatalytic technology based on carbon nitride (C3N4) offers a sustainable and clean approach for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, but the yield is severely limited by the sluggish hot carriers due to the weak internal electric field. In this study, a novel approach is devised by fragmenting bulk C3N4 into smaller pieces (CN‐NH4) and then subjecting it to a directed healing process to create multiple order‐disorder interfaces (CN‐NH4‐NaK). The resulting junctions in CN‐NH4‐NaK significantly boost charge dynamics and facilitate more spatially and orderly separated redox centers. As a result, CN‐NH4‐NaK demonstrates outstanding photosynthesis of H2O2 via both two‐step single‐electron and one‐step double‐electron oxygen reduction pathways, achieving a remarkable yield of 16675 µmol h–1 g–1, excellent selectivity (> 91%), and a prominent solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency exceeding 2.3%. These remarkable results surpass pristine C3N4 by 158 times and outperform previously reported C3N4‐based photocatalysts. This work represents a significant advancement in catalyst design and modification technology, inspiring the development of more efficient metal‐free photocatalysts for the synthesis of highly valued fuels.
Ni Single‐Atoms Based Memristors with Ultrafast Speed and Ultralong Data Retention
Authors: Li Hua‐Xin , Li Qing‐Xiu , Li Fu‐Zhi , Liu Jia‐Peng , Gong Guo‐Dong , Zhang Yu‐Qi , Leng Yan‐Bing , Sun Tao , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting
Published: November 2023

Memristor with low‐power, high density, and scalability fulfills the requirements of the applications of the new computing system beyond Moore's law. However, there are still nonideal device characteristics observed in the memristor to be solved. The important observation is that retention and speed are correlated parameters of memristor with trade off against each other. The delicately modulating distribution and trapping level of defects in electron migration‐based memristor is expected to provide a compromise method to address the contradictory issue of improving both switching speed and retention capability. Here, high‐performance memristor based on the structure of ITO/Ni single‐atoms (NiSAs/N‐C)/Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/Au is reported. By utilizing well‐distributed trapping sites , small tunneling barriers/distance and high charging energy, the memristor with an ultrafast switching speed of 100 ns, ultralong retention capability of 106 s, a low set voltage (Vset) of ≈0.7 V, a substantial ON/OFF ration of 103, and low spatial variation in cycle‐to‐cycle (500 cycles) and device‐to‐device characteristics (128 devices) is demonstrated. On the premise of preserving the strengths of a fast switching speed, this memristor exhibits ultralong retention capability comparable to the commercialized flash memory. Finally, a memristor ratioed logic‐based combinational memristor array to realize the one‐bit full adder is further implemented.
A Clean, Rapid, and Controllable Approach for Establishing Bioactive Surfaces on Zirconia Implants
Authors: Chen Chengxin , Cheng Qi , Han Yu , Wang Ran , Kong Dejian , Chen Xiaojing , Zhu Yuanjing , Lu Yanxu , Zhou Hongbo
Published: November 2023

Zirconia implants have great application prospects due to their favorable biocompatibility and esthetic properties. However, the percentage of osseointegration of zirconia implants is lower than that of titanium implants. This study, structures bioactive surfaces on zirconia using a femtosecond laser combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals and evaluates the surface morphology, functional groups, crystal phase, mechanical performance, and cell response. The results revealed that calcium phosphate deposition coincided with the establishment of micro‐grooves on the zirconia surface. The crystal composition and flexural strength of zirconia showed no significant changes after the surface treatment. Furthermore, the modified surface promoted cell adhesion and proliferation through adjustments in cell morphology. The findings suggest that the combination of femtosecond laser and HA crystals offers a clean, rapid, and controllable approach to preparing bioactive surfaces for zirconia implants.
Lone‐Pair‐Driven, Brightly Emitting Lead‐Free Zero‐Dimensional Inorganic Luminescent Member
Authors: Viswanath Noolu Srinivasa Manikanta , Samanta Tuhin , Yoon Yeongjun , Jang Sung Woo , Kim Kyeounghak , Im Won Bin
Published: November 2023

Zero‐dimensional (0D) 5s2‐metal halide (MH) materials offer potential for use in solid‐state lighting, optical thermography, and scintillation applications. The organic components of most highly luminescent materials are inherently unstable under moisture and thermal stress, which restricts their practical use in advanced applications. Hence, highly luminescent and stable inorganic luminescent materials are required. In this work, to the best of current knowledge, a 0D completely inorganic luminescent member of K2SbCl5 that exhibits orange emission at 610 nm with an 80% photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is reported for the first time. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the [SbCl5]2‐ square pyramidal units are the only optically active emission centers in K2SbCl5. The white light‐emitting device utilizing K2SbCl5 demonstrates impressive performance metrics, boasting a substantial color rendering index (CRI) of 94 and an exceptional luminous efficacy of 118.1 lm W−1. Hence, this isolated [SbCl5]2−square pyramidal environment serves as a design principle for the development of highly efficient inorganic Sb3+‐based luminescent materials for future optoelectronic applications.
Relationships among sporophytic and gametophytic traits of 27 subtropical montane moss species
Authors: He Yunyu , Bader Maaike Y. , Li Dandan , Stark Lloyd R. , Li Xiaoming , Liu Xin , Yuan Qizhang , Guo Shuiliang , Fang Zhiqiang , Wang Zhe
Published: November 2023

Premise

Moss sporophytes differ strongly in size and biomass partitioning, potentially reflecting reproductive and dispersal strategies. Understanding how sporophyte traits are coordinated is essential for understanding moss functioning and evolution. This study aimed to answer: (1) how the size and proportions of the sporophyte differ between moss species with and without a prominent central strand in the seta, (2) how anatomical and morphological traits of the seta are related, and (3) how sporophytic biomass relates to gametophytic biomass and nutrient concentrations.

Methods

We studied the relationships between seta anatomical and morphological traits, the biomass of seta, capsule, and gametophyte, and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations of 27 subtropical montane moss species.

Results

(1) Moss species with a prominent central strand in the seta had larger setae and heavier capsules than those without a prominent strand. (2) With increasing seta length, setae became thicker and more rounded for both groups, while in species with a prominent central strand, the ratio of transport‐cell area to epidermal area decreased. (3) In both groups, mosses with greater gametophytic biomass tended to have heavier sporophytes, but nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the gametophyte were unrelated to sporophytic traits.

Conclusions

Our study highlights that the central strand in the seta may have an important functional role and affect the allometry of moss sporophytes. The coordinated variations in sporophyte morphological and anatomical traits follow basic biomechanical principles of cylinder‐like structures, and these traits relate only weakly to the gametophytic nutrient concentrations. Research on moss sporophyte functional traits and their relationships to gametophytes is still in its infancy but could provide important insights into their adaptative strategies.
A Phosphine‐Amine‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework with Staggered Stacking Structure for Lithium‐Ion Conduction
Authors: Tan Jing , Weng Weijun , Zhu Jinyao , Liu Shujing , Xu Jie , An Shuhao , Wang Changchun , Guo Jia
Published: November 2023

In‐plane ionic conduction over two‐dimensional (2D) materials is desirable for flexible electronics. Exfoliating 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) towards a few layers is highly anticipated, whereas most examples remain robust via π‐stacking against the interlayered dislocation. Herein, we synthesize a phosphine‐amine‐linked 2D COF by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of phosphazene with amines. The synthesized COF is crystalline, and stacks in an AB‐staggered fashion, wherein the AB dual layers are interlocked by embedding P−Cl bonds from one to another layer, and the non‐interlocked layers are readily delaminated. Therefore, in situ post‐quaternization over phosphazene can improve the ionization of backbones, accompanied by layered exfoliation. The ultrathin nanosheets can decouple lithium salts for fast solid‐state ion transport, achieving a high conductivity and low activation energy. Our findings explore the P−N substitution reaction for COF crystallization and demonstrate that the staggered stacking 2D COFs are readily exfoliated for designing solid electrolytes.
Uncovering a CF3 Effect on X‐ray Absorption Energies of [Cu(CF3)4]− and Related Copper Compounds by Using Resonant Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS) Measurements**
Authors: Alayoglu Pinar , Chang Tieyan , Yan Connly , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Mankad Neal P.
Published: November 2023

Understanding the electronic structures of high‐valent metal complexes aids the advancement of metal‐catalyzed cross coupling methodologies. A prototypical complex with formally high valency is [Cu(CF3)4]− (1), which has a formal Cu(III) oxidation state but whose physical analysis has led some to a Cu(I) assignment in an inverted ligand field model. Recent examinations of 1 by X‐ray spectroscopies have led previous authors to contradictory conclusions, motivating the re‐examination of its X‐ray absorption profile here by a complementary method, resonant diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS). From analysis of DAFS measurements for a series of seven mononuclear Cu complexes including 1, here it is shown that there is a systematic trifluoromethyl effect on X‐ray absorption that blue shifts the resonant Cu K‐edge energy by 2–3 eV per CF3, completely accounting for observed changes in DAFS profiles between formally Cu(III) complexes like 1 and formally Cu(I) complexes like (Ph3P)3CuCF3 (3). Thus, in agreement with the inverted ligand field model, the data presented herein imply that 1 is best described as containing a Cu(I) ion with dn count approaching 10.
CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4)‐based Nanomaterials in Photocatalytic and Hydrogen Production Applications: A Recent Progress towards Sustainable Environment
Authors: Tanaya Das Himadri , Dutta Swapnamoy , Gaurav Kumar , Kanti Giri Arnab , Mondal Aniruddha , Kumar Jena Rajesh , Das Nigamananda
Published: November 2023

A variety of unique compounds have been examined to accommodate the current demand for useful multi‐functional nanomaterials, copper‐based quaternary CZTS semiconductors are one of them. Due to their special characteristic features like non‐toxicity, cheap, and abundance, they have been recommended in recent literature for various applications. Apart from individual CZTS, different hetero‐structures have also been prepared with different compounds which is well discussed and elaborated in this article. Additionally, their preparation methods, properties, and application viability have also been discussed comprehensively. The application of CZTS such as photocatalytic dye degradation and hydrogen evolution reaction has been elaborated on in this article identifying their benefits and challenges to give readers a thorough visualization. Apart from that, challenges reported in studies, a few approaches are also mentioned to possibly counter them.
Clinical utility of the standardized observation tool Autism Behavior Coding System for early intervention research in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Spiegel René , Notter Marianne , Lazari Olga , Schmeck Klaus , Herbrecht Evelyn
Published: November 2023

The Autism Behavior Coding System (ABCS) was developed to help evaluating the effectiveness of early intensive interventions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The video‐based ABCS assesses eight core autistic behavioral variables during therapist‐child interaction using standardized quantitative criteria, four behaviors according to their frequency of occurrence, four according to their duration. The present study focuses (1) on the correspondence of ABCS scores with scores on two standard clinical instruments (the ADOS‐2 and an ASD‐adaptation of the Children's Global Assessment Scale, DD‐CGAS), (2) on the sensitivity to change of ABCS scores by the end of an intensive 18 days intervention period (EIP) and (c) on the predictability of short‐ and longer‐term changes in social and repetitive behaviors from ABCS scores at baseline and EIP. Data from 51 children (42 M, 9 F; median age 45 months) followed over 1 year were available. There were significant correlations at baseline between several ABCS scores and ADOS‐2 as well as DD‐CGAS scores. Correlations at EIP between some ABCS and DD‐CGAS scores were highly significant. Four ABCS scores reflected significant changes from baseline to EIP. Several baseline ABCS scores were predictive of DD‐CGAS and ADOS‐2 scores at EIP and Year 1. However, associations between ABCS score changes from baseline to EIP and the clinical scale changes by Year 1 were not significant. It is concluded that several ABCS scores have adequate clinical validity and sensitivity to change. The short‐term changes in ABCS scores and their relationship to longer‐term clinical changes need further study.
Self‐assembly of PEG–PPS polymers and LL‐37 peptide nanomicelles improves the oxidative microenvironment and promotes angiogenesis to facilitate chronic wound healing
Authors: Shi Rong , Qiao Jianxiong , Sun Quanwu , Hou Biao , Li Bo , Zheng Ji , Zhang Zhenzhen , Peng Zhenxue , Zhou Jing , Shen Bingbing , Deng Jun , Zhang Xuanfen
Published: November 2023

Refractory diabetic wounds are associated with high incidence, mortality, and recurrence rates and are a devastating and rapidly growing clinical problem. However, treating these wounds is difficult owing to uncontrolled inflammatory microenvironments and defective angiogenesis in the affected areas, with no established effective treatment to the best of our knowledge. Herein, we optimized a dual functional therapeutic agent based on the assembly of LL‐37 peptides and diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG–PPS). The incorporation of PEG–PPS enabled responsive or controlled LL‐37 peptide release in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). LL‐37@PEG–PPS nanomicelles not only scavenged excessive ROS to improve the microenvironment for angiogenesis but also released LL‐37 peptides and protected them from degradation, thereby robustly increasing angiogenesis. Diabetic wounds treated with LL‐37@PEG–PPS exhibited accelerated and high‐quality wound healing in vivo. This study shows that LL‐37@PEG–PPS can restore beneficial angiogenesis in the wound microenvironment by continuously providing angiogenesis‐promoting signals. Thus, it may be a promising drug for improving chronic refractory wound healing.
Understanding caregivers' decision to vaccinate childhood cancer survivors against COVID‐19
Authors: Ilic Anica , Haardoerfer Regine , Michel Gisela , Escoffery Cam , Mertens Ann C. , Marchak Jordan Gilleland
Published: November 2023

Background

Vaccination against COVID‐19 is recommended for childhood cancer survivors (CCS). This study aimed to identify antecedents contributing to caregivers' decisions to vaccinate CCS aged 5–17 years against COVID‐19 by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Methods

Participants in this cross‐sectional study completed an online survey assessing caregiver attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention to vaccinate CCS, CCS vaccination status, COVID‐19 health literacy, and frequency of COVID‐19 information‐seeking. Surveys were completed between May and June 2022 following approval for the emergency use of COVID‐19 vaccines among children aged ≥5 years in the U.S. Data were analyzed using unadjusted linear regressions and structural equation modeling.

Results

Participants were caregivers (n = 160, 87.5% biological mothers, 75.6% white/non‐Hispanic) of CCS (n = 160, 44.4% female, mean (M) = 12.5 years old, M = 8.0 years off treatment). 70.0% (n = 112) of caregivers and 53.8% (n = 86) of CCS received a COVID‐19 vaccine. Over one‐third (37.5%) of caregivers reported disagreement or indecision about future COVID‐19 vaccination for the CCS. Caregivers' intention (β = 0.962; standard error [S.E.] = 0.028; p < 0.001) was highly related to CCS vaccination status. Attitudes (β = 0.568; S.E. = 0.078; p < 0.001) and subjective norms (β = 0.322; S.E. = 0.062; p < 0.001) were associated with intention. Higher frequency of COVID‐19 information‐seeking (β = 0.313; S.E. = 0.063; p < 0.001) and COVID‐19 health literacy (β = 0.234; S.E. = 0.059; p < 0.001) had a positive indirect effect on intention through attitudes and subjective norms.

Conclusions

Caregivers' vaccination intentions for minor CCS are highly related to vaccination behavior and shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, COVID‐19 health literacy, and frequency of COVID‐19 information‐seeking. Promoting tailored communication with caregivers of CCS and encouraging them to review reputable sources of information can address their vaccine hesitancy.
Are digital health interventions valuable to support patients with cancer and caregivers? An umbrella review of web‐based and app‐based supportive care interventions
Authors: Fournier Valentyn , Duprez Christelle , Grynberg Delphine , Antoine Pascal , Lamore Kristopher
Published: November 2023

Background

Digital health technologies have expanded tremendously in the last two decades, creating an emerging research and clinical field. They are regarded as cost‐effective, and their use in healthcare is prioritized by many countries. However, the constant evolution of these technologies has led to an abundance of related literature. Thus, we conducted an umbrella review to identify and characterize digital supportive care interventions for patients with cancer and their relatives.

Methods

A preregistered umbrella review was conducted (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022333110). Five databases were searched (Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library). To be considered, studies had to be systematic reviews or meta‐analyses, be performed on pediatric or adult patients with cancer or survivors or their relatives, report results on web‐based or app‐based supportive care interventions, and measure psychological, functional, or behavioral variables or quality of life related to cancer. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the AMSTAR‐2 tool.

Findings

Twenty eligible studies were identified. Most of the included studies reported results from adult patients with cancer. Globally, digital interventions were shown to be effective for physical activity in patients with cancer but had mixed results regarding emotional outcomes and quality of life. Additionally, a lack of methodological quality was noted for most of the included reviews.

Discussion

Digital supportive care interventions could be an effective tool in cancer care for some outcomes. Recommendations have been formulated for further research in this field using adapted methodologies for the development of digital health interventions.
Mapping the cytoskeletal architecture of renal tubules and surrounding peritubular capillaries in the kidney
Authors: Kumaran Girishkumar Kaitholil , Hanukoglu Israel
Published: November 2023

The human kidney includes ~1 million nephrons which are long U‐shaped tubules with convoluted segments that serve as filtration units. During the passage of the ultrafiltrate through a nephron, electrolytes and nutrients are re‐absorbed into peritubular capillaries. The fluid remaining in the distal end of the renal tubules flows through the collecting ducts into the ureter. In this study, we generated high‐resolution images of mouse kidney sections using confocal microscopy with only two fluorescently tagged biomarkers, F‐actin binding phalloidin and CD34 antibodies as a marker for blood vessels. In tile‐scan images of entire sections of mouse kidney (composed of >1000 images), the tubule segments are easily identifiable by their F‐actin bundles on cell borders and the outlines of the peritubular capillaries by CD34 immunofluorescence. In the inner stripe of the medulla, the vascular bundles composed of vasa recta (straight vessels) could be easily distinguished from the peritubular capillaries by their full circular shapes. The highly vascular inner medulla and the papilla similarly have straight capillaries. About 95% of kidney volume is composed of renal tubules and blood vessels. Thus, our results show that relatively simple cytoskeletal mapping can be used to visualize the structural organization of the kidney. This method can also be applied to examine pathological changes in the kidney.
Regulation of circulating thyroid hormone levels by hypothalamic tanycytes and hypophysial pars tuberalis‐specific cells and their morphological and gene‐ and protein‐expression changes under different photoperiods
Authors: Kameda Yoko
Published: November 2023

Thyroid hormone in the hypothalamus acts as a key determinant of seasonal transitions. Thyroid hormone‐levels in the brain are mainly regulated by the hypothalamic tanycytes and pituitary pars tuberalis (PT)‐specific cells. TSHβ produced by the PT‐specific cells stimulates Dio2 expression and decreases Dio3 expression of the tanycytes. Both tanycytes and PT‐specific cells in photosensitive animals exhibit remarkable changes of morphological appearance and expressions of genes and proteins under different photoperiods. Long photoperiods induce increased gene‐ and protein‐expressions and active features. Short photoperiods cause the decreased gene‐ and protein‐expressions and inactive features. In the PT, expressions of TSHβ, common α‐subunit of glycoprotein hormones (α‐GSU), and MT1 receptor of melatonin receptors and eyes absent 3 change under different photoperiods. Diurnal rhythms of α‐GSU mRNA expression are observed in the PT of Djungarian hamsters. Hes1, Nkx2.1, and LIM homeodomain gene 2 (Lhx2) are involved in the differentiation of PT. In the hypothalamic tanycytes, expressions of Dio2, Dio3, vimentin, serine/threonine kinase 33, GPR50, Nestin, Retinoid signaling genes (retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1, cellular retinol binding protein 1, and Stra6), monocarboxylate transporter 8, and neural cell adhesion molecule change under different photoperiods. Rax, Lhx2, Nfia/b/x, and fibroblast growth factor 10 are involved in the differentiation of tanycytes.
Terminal organization of the corticospinal projection from the arm/hand region of the rostral primary motor cortex (M1r or old M1) to the cervical enlargement (C5–T1) in rhesus monkey
Authors: Morecraft Robert J. , Ge Jizhi , Stilwell‐Morecraft Kimberly S. , Lemon Roger N. , Ganguly Karunesh , Darling Warren G.
Published: November 2023

High‐resolution anterograde tracers and stereology were used to study the terminal organization of the corticospinal projection (CSP) from the rostral portion of the primary motor cortex (M1r) to spinal levels C5–T1. Most of this projection (90%) terminated contralaterally within laminae V–IX, with the densest distribution in lamina VII. Moderate bouton numbers occurred in laminae VI, VIII, and IX with few in lamina V. Within lamina VII, labeling occurred over the distal‐related dorsolateral subsectors and proximal‐related ventromedial subsectors. Within motoneuron lamina IX, most terminations occurred in the proximal‐related dorsomedial quadrant, followed by the distal‐related dorsolateral quadrant. Segmentally, the contralateral lamina VII CSP gradually declined from C5–T1 but was consistently distributed at C5–C7 in lamina IX. The ipsilateral CSP ended in axial‐related lamina VIII and adjacent ventromedial region of lamina VII. These findings demonstrate the M1r CSP influences distal and proximal/axial‐related spinal targets. Thus, the M1r CSP represents a transitional CSP, positioned between the caudal M1 (M1c) CSP, which is 98% contralateral and optimally organized to mediate distal upper extremity movements (Morecraft et al., 2013), and dorsolateral premotor (LPMCd) CSP being 79% contralateral and optimally organized to mediate proximal/axial movements (Morecraft et al., 2019). This distal to proximal CSP gradient corresponds to the clinical deficits accompanying caudal to rostral motor cortex injury. The lamina IX CSP is considered in the light of anatomical and neurophysiological evidence which suggests M1c gives rise to the major proportion of the cortico‐motoneuronal (CM) projection, while there is a limited M1r CM projection.
Energy aware optimal routing model for wireless multimedia sensor networks using modified Voronoi assisted prioritized double deep Q‐learning
Authors: Suseela Sellamuthu , Krithiga Ravi , Revathi Muthusamy , Sudhakaran Gajendran , Bhavadharini Reddiyapalayam Murugeshan
Published: November 2023

The energy hole problem is critical in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN), wherein the nodes closer to the sink node will expire sooner than the outer sub‐regions. Because they transmit their packet and forward the outer sub‐regions packet to the sink. Hence, a hole arises near the sink node after a very short time. Thus, an energy‐aware optimal routing model is introduced in this research using Modified Voronoi‐assisted prioritized double deep Q‐learning (PDDQL). Initially, the sensor nodes are deployed using the Voronoi cell structure that splits the entire region of interest into different Voronoi polygons. However, the Voronoi diagram will not always predict an efficient route because of the nodes at a Voronoi edge or vertex outside the transmission range. To tackle this issue, a new Voronoi diagram is proposed that depends on the maximum horizontal transmission range to remove the portion of Voronoi edges uncovered by the sensor node. After the deployment, a PDDQL algorithm is used to select the Relay Nodes based on their remaining energy. The proposed PDDQL determines an alternate route to transmit the packet if an energy hole problem has occurred in WMSN. The analysis of a proposed routing protocol based on the assessment measures like packet delivery ratio, average residual energy, number of alive nodes, and average end‐to‐end delay accomplished the value of 198.33 (ms), 2.05 (J), 100, and 0.85, respectively.
A DFT Investigation of B‐Doped C3N as Single Atom Electrocatalysts for N2‐to‐NH3 Conversion
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Du Peiru , Song Wei , Wang Jinlong
Published: November 2023

The NH3 synthesis from N2 plays an important role in the ecological cycle and industrial production. Different from industrial NH3 synthesis with high pollution and energy consumption, electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis is favored because of its environmental protection, energy saving, ambient reaction conditions and other characteristics. However, due to the low efficiency and poor reaction selectivity of the existing electrocatalysts, which can not be used actually, the development of new electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is particularly urgent. Herein, we designed a series of transition metal atoms anchored B‐doped defective C3N surface (TM@B2C3N) as single‐atom catalysts. Through the screening process of N2 adsorption activation, N2H formation and NH3 desorption, finally the excellent electrocatalysts with strong stability and high activity (Cr@B2C3N and Mn@B2C3N) were obtained. After simulating the entire pathway, it was found that the NRR process on Cr@B2C3N and Mn@B2C3N via consecutive and distal pathways with the lowest limiting potential of −0.42 and −0.52 V, which have the good ability to inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction. Finally, the electronic properties were analyzed, and the reason for their high catalytic activity was summarized. This work provides a new idea for the rational design of NRR electrocatalysts and promotes the practical application of electrocatalysts.
Potent Anticancer Activity of a Dinuclear Gold(I) bis‐N‐Heterocyclic Imine Complex Related to Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibition in Vitro
Authors: Park Mihyun , Schmidt Claudia , Türck Sebastian , Hanusch Franziska , Hirmer Simone V. , Ott Ingo , Casini Angela , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: November 2023

A dinuclear gold(I) complex featuring a strongly donating bis‐N‐heterocyclic imine ligand was synthesised and characterised by different methods, including single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) analysis. The compound has been tested for its antiproliferative effects in a panel of human cancer cell lines in vitro, showing highly selective anticancer effects, particularly against human A549 non‐small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC), with respect to non‐tumorigenic cells (VERO). The accumulation of the compound in A549 and VERO cells was studied by high‐resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HRCS‐AAS), revealing that the anticancer effects are not particularly related to the different amounts of gold taken up by the cells over 72 h. Enzyme inhibition studies to evaluate the activity of the seleno‐enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in cancer cell extracts show that the gold(I) compound is a potent inhibitor (IC50=0.567±0.208 μM), while the free ligand is ineffective. This result correlates with the observed compound's selectivity towards A549 cells overexpressing the enzyme.
Non‐additive effects between genotypes: Implications for competitive fitness assays
Authors: Xiao Changyi , Duarri‐Redondo Sara , Thorhölludottir Dagny A. V. , Chen Yiwen , Schlötterer Christian
Published: November 2023

Competitive fitness assays are widely used in evolutionary biology and typically rely on a reference strain to compare different focal genotypes. This approach implicitly relies on the absence of interaction between the competing genotypes. In other words, the performance of the reference strain must not depend on the competitor. This report scrutinized this assumption by competing diverged Drosophila simulans populations against a common reference strain. We detected strong evidence for interaction between the competing genotypes: (1) Frequency‐dependent selection was common with opposite effects in genetically diverged populations. (2) Temporal heterogeneity of fitness estimates, which can be partially attributed to a competitor‐specific delay in the eclosion of the reference strain. We propose that this inconsistent behavior of the reference strain can be considered a specific case of a genotype × environment interaction. Focal populations could modify the environment of the reference strain, either indirectly by altering the microbiome composition and food availability or directly by genotype‐specific cannibalism. Our results provide new insights into the interaction of diverged genotypes and have important implications for the interpretation of competitive fitness assays.
Comparative Overview of Methods for the Detection of Airborne Electrolyte Components Released from Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hildebrand Stephan , Ferrario Fabio , Lebedeva Natalia
Published: November 2023

Lithium‐ion battery leakage indicates battery malfunction. In an electric vehicle, the evolving vapors can pose a risk to the health of the passengers. Early detection of a leakage reduces this risk and can prevent further damage. In this review, gas detection techniques such as detector tubes, portable gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, gas sensors, and laser spectroscopy are discussed in relation to their capacity of detecting airborne compounds coming from the evaporation of a leaked battery electrolyte. Possible scenarios in which battery leakage can occur are introduced that are partially based on the Global Technical Regulation on Electric Vehicle Safety: parked, driving, charging, postcrash (accident), rescue, and stationary application. The applicability for a potential early warning system using the discussed gas detection techniques is assessed and because no off‐the‐shelf solution could be found overlaps of the capabilities of the techniques with the needs of each scenario are identified and opportunities for further development are pointed out.
Interstitial pregnancy management: A multicentric analysis of 98 patients from the FRANCOGENT group comparing surgery and medical treatment
Authors: Dabreteau Thomas , Puchar Anne , Nyangoh Timoh Krystel , Fauconnier Arnaud , Legendre Guillaume , Touboul Cyril , Lavoué Vincent , Thubert Thibault , Lecarpentier Edouard , Haddad Bassam , Dabi Yohann
Published: November 2023

Objective

To evaluate the outcomes associated with each therapeutic option for patients diagnosed with interstitial pregnancy (IP).

Methods

We conducted a multicentric retrospective cohort study within the departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics involved in the Francogent research group. Women treated for an interstitial pregnancy between January 2008 to December 2019 were included. Three therapeutic options were evaluated: surgical treatment (ST); in situ methotrexate combined with systemic methotrexate (IS‐MTX); and systemic methotrexate (IM‐MTX). Success of first‐line treatment was defined by hCG negativation (<5I U/L). Secondary outcomes included the need for secondary surgical procedure, secondary medical treatment, emergency surgery, postoperative complications, duration of hospitalization, and delay before hCG negativation.

Results

A total of 98 patients were managed for IP: 42 (42.9%) patients had IM‐MTX; 34 (34.7%) had IS‐MTX; and 22 (22.4%) had ST. First‐line treatment was successful in all patients of the ST group (22/22, 100%), in 31% of patients within the IM‐MTX group (13/42) and 70.6% (24/34) in the IS‐MTX group. The sole parameter associated with the risk of treatment failure was the mode of methotrexate administration. The size of the gestational sac or the presence of fetal heartbeat was not associated with decreased medical treatment (IS or IM–MTX) efficiency.

Conclusion

Either ST or IS‐MTX are good options for IP treatment associated with high success rates. A single‐dose regimen of IM‐MTX is less efficient than IS‐MTX or ST. Symptomatic patients with severity criteria should always undergo emergency surgery. IP remains a high‐risk condition that should be managed, whenever possible, in referral centers to potentialize the chances of favorable outcomes.
Editors' perspectives on the selection of reviewers and the quality of reviews
Authors: Cengher Mirela , LeBlanc Linda A.
Published: November 2023

This article describes the outcomes of a survey of 93 editors in chief and associate editors of behavior‐analytic journals. We sought information about variables that influence their judgment of the selection of reviewers, selection of review panels, and quality of reviews. When selecting reviewers, participants rated highly expertise on the topic, history of conducting good reviews, and history of writing constructive and respectful reviews. When selecting review panels, participants rated highly stratifying reviewers based on their expertise, avoiding conflicts of interest, and the matching based on the area of expertise between reviewers and authors. When evaluating the quality of a review, participants rated highly considerations related to research design, the science underlying the main idea, and accurate interpretations of the data. Participants did not rate copyediting as important. Overall, the extent to which reviewer selection was influenced by membership in underrepresented groups varied. These findings can inform the development of training programs for teaching peer‐review repertoires.
Incidence, clinical course, and risk factors in the development of femoral pseudoaneurysm after atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Tobita Kazuki , Kawaguchi Tatsuto , Uchida Shuhei , Koyama Eiji , Kodera Nobuhisa , Tamaki Yusuke , Otomaru Yuri , Miyashita Hirokazu , Yamashita Takayoshi , Mizuno Shingo , Murakami Masato , Saito Shigeru
Published: November 2023

Background

Previous studies have revealed the risk factors for femoral pseudoaneurysms (FPA). Most data on FPA are based on coronary and peripheral interventions, with limited studies focusing on atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, patient backgrounds, anticoagulation regimens, and vascular access methods differ. In addition, a standard for managing FPA after AF ablation remains elusive due to the difficult nature of achieving thrombosis in pseudoaneurysms.

Methods

This single‐center, retrospective, observational study included 2805 consecutive patients who underwent AF ablation between January 2016 and December 2021. All patients underwent femoral artery and vein punctures. Puncture sites were checked 1 day post‐procedure.

Results

A total of 23 FPA patients were identified during the study period. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (odds ratio 4.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.38–15.71; p = .0032) and warfarin use (odds ratio 3.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.40–10.45; p = .021) were significantly associated with the occurrence of FPA. The compression success rate was low (22%). There were nine and six patients in the endovascular treatment (EVT) and ultrasound‐guided thrombin injection (UGTI) groups, respectively. The success rates were 100% and 84% in the EVT and UGTI groups, respectively. The length of hospital stay after FPA treatment was 2.1 days in the EVT group and 1.3 days in the thrombin group.

Conclusion

We must be careful about post‐procedural FPA, especially for hypertension and warfarin‐using patients. Treatment of pseudoaneurysms with anticoagulants is unlikely to achieve hemostasis, and an early switch to invasive treatments, such as EVT, should be considered.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Moderately Advanced (T3) Oral Cavity Cancers
Authors: Wang Ronald S. , Chow Michael S. , Gordon Alex J. , Santacatterina Michele , Vaezi Alec E. , Tam Moses M. , Givi Babak
Published: November 2023

Objective

To investigate the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy in isolated locally advanced oral cavity cancers (pT3N0M0) without adverse features.

Methods

We selected all patients from the National Cancer Database (2004–2019) who underwent surgical treatment where the final pathology was T3N0M0 with negative margins. Demographics, details of treatment, and outcomes were abstracted. The impact of radiotherapy on survival was assessed with univariable, multivariable, and propensity score‐matched analyses.

Results

We identified 571 patients in our survival cohort. Most were male (348, 60.9%), and median age was 65. Less than one‐third (176, 30.8%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. The median length of follow‐up was 29 months. Overall, adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with improved survival (87.2% vs. 77.7%, at 2 years, p < 0.01). On multivariable analysis controlling for age and comorbidities, this survival difference persisted (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43–0.90, p = 0.01). In a propensity score‐matched population of 278 patients matched on age and comorbidities, adjuvant radiotherapy was still associated with longer survival (87.4% vs. 78.5%, p = 0.014).

Conclusion

In our study, adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with improved survival in completely excised locally advanced oral cavity tumors (T3N0M0). However, a significant proportion of patients do not receive adjuvant radiotherapy. These findings highlight the need for continued efforts to promote guideline‐recommended care.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:2236–2242, 2024
The Self‐Administered Screening Questionnaire for Parkinson's Disease‐Associated Psychosis (SASPAP)
Authors: Koneru Vindhya , Espay Alberto J. , Cole Allan J. , Weintraub Daniel , Crist Kathleen , Pascual Maria B. , Ondo William G.
Published: November 2023

Background

Psychosis is a common manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD), and a major source of caregiver burden, nursing home placement, and mortality. Psychosis symptoms are often not volunteered during the clinic visit because of embarrassment or lack of insight, and there is no validated screening scale. We compare a new self‐administered psychosis screening questionnaire against the Parkinson's Disease Psychosis Scale (PDPS) and physician interview as the gold standard assessments.

Objective

To create and validate the Self‐Administered Screening Questionnaire for PD‐Associated Psychosis (SASPAP).

Methods

The questionnaire was developed through a modified Delphi method by a committee of two neurologists, a psychiatrist, a patient, and patient advocate and underwent several rounds of revisions, including patient β‐testing. It was provided by staff at intake to 250 consecutive patients diagnosed with PD, at the Methodist Hospital Movement Disorders Clinic, and separately to their caregivers when available. Later, the PDPS and a general psychosis interview were administered by PD specialists without knowledge of the screening questionnaire responses.

Results

Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients with PD (mean age, 68.6 ± 7.0; mean age of PD onset, 62.7 ± 10.5 years; 35.2% female) were included. The screening questionnaire was positive for psychosis (any of the four questions positive) in 33.6% of patients. Compared to the gold standard, the SASPAP sensitivity was 87.8% and the specificity 92.3%.

Conclusion

This four‐question self‐administered screening questionnaire for PD psychosis demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy compared with the gold standard assessments and can be self‐completed at visit intake. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Acquired hyperexcitable peripheral nerve disorders: Clinical and laboratory features, therapeutic responses, and long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Khadilkar Satish V. , Pandya Darshan C. , Dhonde Pramod , Patel Bhagyadhan , Bharucha Nadir E. , Patil Varsha A. , Patel Riddhi B. , Halani Hiral A. , Ghurye Nirbha , Mansukhani Khushnuma , Dhonde Mayura
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Aims

Hyperexcitable peripheral nerve disorders (HPNDs) are rare. Although their clinical and laboratory features have been well studied, information on treatment and follow‐up is limited. The aim of this study is to explore the long‐term clinical, investigative, and therapeutic profile of patients with acquired HPNDs.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed patients from a single tertiary care center with HPND (January 2012 to January 2022). Patients were recruited according to published inclusion and exclusion criteria. Details of clinical features, diagnostic tests, therapeutic interventions, and follow‐up were recorded. This study included patients with follow‐up of 2 or more years.

Results

A total of 32 patients (M = 26, F = 6) were studied. The common clinical features included myokymia, neuropathic or shock‐like pain, cramps, sleep disturbances, encephalopathy, cerebellar ataxia, and seizures. A total of 81.25% of patients responded favorably to corticosteroids and membrane stabilizers. Among the nonresponders, five received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and one received plasma exchange (PLEX). Two patients required rituximab due to poor responses to the above treatments. The mean duration of response was 6 weeks (4–24 weeks) from the initiation of treatment. All patients had favorable outcomes, reaching clinical remission within 1–5 years from the initiation of treatment. Only two patients had relapses. Immunotherapy could be stopped in 78% of patients within 3 years and 100% by 5 years.

Discussion

Chronic immunosuppression starting with corticosteroids is required for satisfactory outcomes of HPNDs. These disorders usually run a monophasic course, and relapses are uncommon.