bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI WORKSHEET INKUIRI TERINTEGRASI KEARIFAN LOKAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MAHASISWA
Authors: Hunaepi Hunaepi , Firdaus Laras , Samsuri Taufik , Susantini Endang , Raharjo Raharjo
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of integrated local wisdom sheets for local wisdom on students' critical thinking skills. This type of pre-experimental research with the design of one groups pre-test post-test design. Samples were 18 students taken with saturated sampling technique. The instrument used was the Critical Thinking Skills Test (TKBK) with indicators: 1) interpretation; 2) analysis; 3) conclusions; 4) evaluations; 5) explanations; and 6) self-regulation. Data were analyzed descriptively and in paired sample test statistics. The results showed that the integrated inquiry wisdom local worksheet was declared effective based on the results of the N-Gain analysis with an average value of 0.65 (moderate). Indicators of interpretation and evaluation reached a percentage of 81 with a category (very high). Skills indicators explain 80 in categories (high), analysis indicators and skills conclude 60 categories (low), and the lowest percentage in self-regulation indicators reaches 37 in categories (very low). Weak skills in analyzing and making conclusions, because student self-regulation skills are low. This condition demands the need to improve self-regulation by developing cognitive monitoring through an emphasis on learning that can practice scientific curiosity skills.
Pemanfaatan Potensi Lokal Jombang Berupa Bunga Pacar Air Sebagai Indikator Alami
Authors: Wijayadi Andri Wahyu , Fitriyah Lina Arifah , Hayati Nur
Published: January 2021

Acid base properties can be easily observed based on the difference in color when using indicators. The use of indicators is very rare at the secondary school. Natural indicator are needed to support acid-base learning at the secondary school. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of local potency extract of jombang in the form of henna flowers as a natural indicator and the effectiveness of HVS paper and filter paper as indicator paper. Natural indicator paper was obtained by immersing HVS paper and filter paper in the extract of red and purple henna flowers using water solvent. The test result in acid and base solution  showed that the red and purple henna flower extract had the same effectiveness as a natural indicator, as well the red and purple henna flower extract indicator paper made from HVS paper and filter paper.
IMPROVING WRITING SKILLS; AN IMPLEMENTATION OF “THINK PAIR SHARE” FOR ISLAMIC JUNIOR SCHOOLS STUDENTS
Authors: Suhrowardi Suhrowardi
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this study are to capture the implementation of Think Pair Share (TPS) in teaching-learning process, to identify the improvement of the students' writing skills, and to find out the strengths and the weaknesses of Think Pair Share (TPS) in the teaching-learning process of the seventh-grade students of MTS AL Islahuddin Kediri. This research is a classroom action research. The researcher used qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data was interview and observation. The quantitative data was tested. The step to analyze the qualitative data used data reducing, data display, and conclusion drawing. The step to analyze the quantitative data used mean formula. The result of the research shows that there are positive improvements in either student" writing skills or the class situation during the teaching-learning process.  It can be seen from the result of the test which is improved,  from the students" writing score and the post-test conducted after the action. The mean scores of students" writing scores are increased. Besides, the situation of the class is more conducive before implementing it. From the class situations improvement, it can be drawn some strengths and the weaknesses of the Think Pair Share (TPS) implementation in writing class. The strengths include that the Think Pair Share (TPS) can build critical thinking, motivation, classroom interaction, easy to discuss, -self-confidence, and active learners. The weaknesses are required special attention in classroom use, and it needs a mediator.
KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN SPASIAL SISWA SMPN 2 PRAYA BARAT DAYA
Authors: Akbar Khairul
Published: January 2021

Having good spatial reasoning skills supports a person's success in the STEM field. Spatial reasoning in mathematics is found in geometry. Students' abilities in geometry at SMPN 2 Praya Barat Daya are very low. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of thinking students on spatial reasoning. Spatial reasoning in this study is limited to the constructs of spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial orientation. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a type of eksploratory research. The research subjects were selected 3 students with high, medium, and low mathematical abilities. The main instrument is the researchers himselfs and other instruments are written tests of spatial reasoning and interviews. The results showed: (1) students with high mathematical abilities had better spatial visualization abilities than other students, the three students were not able to use mental rotation skills properly, and the three students were able to use the ability of spatial orientation well, (2) the thinking process of students with high mathematical abilities in spatial visualization was done through reflecting objects, while other students through following the position of the object, in mental rotation the three students did not look too closely at the part of the object being rotated, and  spatial orientation was done bystudent through positioning themselves as objects.
Pengaruh Minat-Bakat, Sarana-Prasarana dan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Indeks Prestasi Komulatif Mahasiswa
Authors: Novitasari Dwi , Sanuriza Irna Il , Triutami Tabita Wahyu , Wulandari Nourma Pramestie , Salsabila Nilza Humaira
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of interests and talents, facilities and learning motivation on students achievement (IPK). The population in this study were students of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and students of the Faculty of Health Science in Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Indonesia. Samples used in this study were 33 students who were taken randomly. Data collection instruments using a questionnaire with a Likert scale that has been tested for validity and reliability before. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results show that: 1) learning facilities and motivation have a significant positive effect on student achievement (IPK), 2) interests and talents have no effect on student achievement (IPK), and 3) interests and talents, facilities and learning motivation simultaneously have an effect on significant on student learning achievement (IPK).
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP POLA BILANGAN PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK
Authors: Sanapiah Sanapiah , Yuntawati Yuntawati
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep peserta didik melalui pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik pada materi pola bilangan. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini dilaksanakan secara kolaboratif antara Seorang Dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika dan guru mata pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 8 kali pertemuan (4 minggu) termasuk quis dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik  kelas 8A SMPN 17 Mataram yang terdiri dari 10 peserta didik  laki-laki dan 22 peserta didik  perempuan. Pemilihan subjek ini dilakukan oleh guru mata pelajaran matematika berdasarkan prestasi belajar peserta didik  ketika di kelas 7 yang dikelompokkan dalam 4 kelas 8. Kelas 8A merupakan kelas yang memiliki nilai matematika lebih tinggi dibandingkan 3 kelas lainnya. Analisis data hasil belajar peserta didik dilakukan secara deskriftif berdasarkan nilai LKPD, quis, dan evaluasi serta hasil refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik ini selain mampu meningkatkan pemahaman konsep juga mampu meningkatkan aktivitas belajar peserta didik. Tentunya harus di dukung oleh pemahaman guru dalam merancang aktivitas untuk setiap materi matematika yang disajikan dalam RPP dan terimplementasi dalam aktivitas di LKPD. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi rekomendari bagi para guru untuk menyusun RPP menggunakan pendekatan saintifik dengan lebih memfokuskan aktivitas peserta didik pada bagian aktivitas pengamatan dan mengumpulkan informasi.
Botânica em cinco sentidos: o jardim sensorial como um instrumento para a sensibilização quanto a importância da botânica em escolas de um município do sertão piauiense
Authors: Abreu Maria Carolina de , Andrade Karen Ingrid , Coelho Junior Wllamo Pacheco , Silva Mayara Campos , Sousa Welinton Gustavo Moreira de , Santos Michelli Ferreira dos , Bendini Juliana do Nascimento
Published: January 2021

Os benefícios dos jardins sensoriais estendem-se muito além das dimensões estéticas e recreativas, constituindo-se um importante elemento de aprendizagem, de convivência, de inclusão social e de terapia. Dessa forma, este trabalho relata as atividades desenvolvidas em um jardim sensorial instalado no Campus Senador Helvidio Nunes de Barros da Universidade Federal do Piauí em Picos – PI e seus reflexos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O jardim é o resultado do projeto de extensão “Botânica em cinco sentidos”, parte do Programa de Extensão “Educação Ambiental na UFPI: diálogo entre universidade e escola para a convivência com o semiárido”.  Apresenta-se nesse relato: a estruturação, recrutamento e treinamento dos acadêmicos, seleção e organização espacial das plantas e convite às escolas para visitação. São abordadas as visitas entre abril de 2018 e novembro de 2019. As visitas apresentaram dois momentos: 1- a recepção e palestras mediadas no auditório e 2 - percurso ocorrido no jardim sensorial. No momento 2 os visitantes foram vendados para que pudessem explorar os sentidos do tato e olfato, foram acompanhados pelos bolsistas e voluntários do projeto, que anotaram manualmente observações da comunicação verbal e não verbal dos visitantes, tais como comportamentos, questionamentos, expressões corporais e comentários. Neste período o jardim recebeu 568 visitantes de 10 escolas, os registros obtidos nessas abordagens foram analisados qualitativamente. Concluiu-se que o jardim se mostrou uma ferramenta eficiente na percepção ambiental, despertando lembranças e instigando os alunos para a aprendizagem.
Proposta de melhoria da qualidade da água de abastecimento, Rosário-Maranhão-Brasil
Authors: Calvet Filho Tenório Enes , Gonçalves Mariane Furtado
Published: January 2021

As águas superficiais e subterrâneas podem ser contaminadas durante sua captação, no tratamento ineficiente, na sua distribuição e nos reservatórios. Por este motivo, objetivou-se neste estudo caracterizar o abastecimento, o monitoramento e a qualidade da água de consumo humano do município de Rosário- MA, de forma que se tenha subsídios para novas tomadas de decisão e mudanças para melhoria da qualidade ambiental e da saúde da população, e também objetivou-se propor uma alternativa de tratamento de água. Para isso, realizou-se levantamento de dados sobre o abastecimento, qualidade e monitoramento da água municipal, através de quatro etapas: caracterização do sistema de abastecimento de água, análise dos procedimentos adotados, levantamento da qualidade da água dos poços e da água distribuída a população e intervenção para melhoria do sistema de abastecimento. Assim, constatou-se a presença de coliformes totais entre 11% a 32% das amostras coletas e a presença de E. coli de 3% a 9% das amostras dos poços variando entre os anos de 2007 e 2017. Na rede de distribuição, a maioria das amostras estavam em não conformidade com a legislação, apresentando coliformes totais entre 52,9% a 100% das amostras e E. coli de 13,33% a 68,48% das amostras. O monitoramento e a qualidade da água de consumo do município de Rosário- MA, não estão de acordo com a legislação, assim necessitando a execução de medidas corretivas, propostas neste trabalho.
HAMBATAN EKSEKUSI PUTUSAN PERADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN PENETAPAN CALON ANGGOTA DPD
Authors: Mustikaningsih Rahmah Mutiara , Erliyana Anna
Published: January 2021

Pejabat tata usaha negara memiiki kewajiban utntuk melakukan eksekusi putusan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) yang sudah berkekekuatan hukum tetap, salah satunya putusan PTUN mengenai sengketa proses pemilu. Namun, fakta yang terjadi dilapangan putusan PTUN tidak selalu dapat dieksekusi dengan baik walaupun sudah terdapat mekanisme upaya paksa eksekusi dan sanksi jika tidak melakukannya. Berbagai faktor dapat mengambat eksekusi putusan PTUN, salah satunya diakibatkan putusan itu sendiri yang tidak dapat diekskusi karena bersinggungan dengan putusan lembaga peradilan lainnya. Kondisi ini membuat ketidakpastian hukum, baik bagi pejabat tata usaha yang wajib melakukan eksekusi serta bagi penggugat yang memiliki hak untuk dipenuhi dengan dieksekusinya putusan PTUN. Pada studi kasus Putusan Â Nomor 242/G/SPPU/2018/PTUN.JKT, Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) selaku pejabat tata usaha terkait tidak dapat melaksanakan putusan PTUN tersebut demi mematuhi Putusan MK yang secara final dan sejajar dengan undang-undang telah memberikan landasan hukum bagi KPU dalam melakukan tindakan penyelenggaraan pemilu untuk menetapkan daftar calon tetap anggota DPD 2019. Metode pendekatan masalah yang digunakan dalam metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang berbasis pada studi kepustakaan, dengan analisa berbagai sumber dan bahan hukum terkait eksekusi putusan peradilan tata usaha negara.Â State administrative officials have obligation to carry out the execution of State Administrative Court (PTUN) decision that already have permanent legal force, one of which is the PTUN decision regarding the election process dispute. However, in facts, the PTUN decision is not always executed properly even though there is already a mechanism to forced execution and sanctions whether not doing so. Various factors can hamper the execution of PTUN decision, one of which as result of the decision itself cannot be executed since it collides with the decisions of other judicial institutions. This condition creates legal uncertainty, both for administrative officials who are obliged to carry out executions and for plaintiffs who have the right to be fulfilled by the execution of the PTUN decision. In the case study of Decision Number 242 / G / SPPU / 2018 / PTUN.JKT, the General Election Commission (KPU) as the related administrative officer could not carry out the PTUN decision in order to comply with the Constitutional Court Decision which is final and parallel to the law that has provided reasons law for the KPU in carrying out election administration actions to determine the final list of candidates for DPD members 2019. The problem approach method used in this research method is normative legal research based on literature study, with analysis of various sources and legal materials related to the execution of state administrative judicial decisions.
Problem Eksekutorial Putusan Hakim Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara
Authors: Putra F A Satria
Published: January 2021

Indonesia sebagai negara demokratis yang memiliki sistem ketatanegaraan yang membagi kekuasaan menjadi tiga yaitu legislatif, eksekutif dan yudikatif guna mewujudkan prinsip check and balances. Bentuk kontrol yang dimiliki lembaga yudisial (kehakiman) melalui lembaga peradilan yang memiliki kewenangan memberikan pengayoman dan kepastian hukum. Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara sebagai lembaga peradilan dibentuk berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1986 dengan tujuan mewujudkan tata kehidupan negara dan bangsa yang sejahtera, aman, tentram seta tertib yang dapat menjamin kedudukan warga masyarakat dalam hukum dan menjadi terpeliharanya hubungan serasi, seimbang serta selaras antara aparatur di bidang tata usaha Negara dengan para warga masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif yang yang dibuat dengan metode deskriptif analisis dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pelaksanaan proses peradilan memiliki problematika yang sistematis dalam rangka pelaksanaan putusan hakim. Dalam hal putusan hakim Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, Problematika yang terjadi yaitu penerapan eksekusi melalui pencabutan keputusan tata usaha Negara (KTUN), Problem eksekusi melalui uang paksa, sanksi administrasi dan problem penyampaian putusan yang diumumkan di media sosial. Eksekusi putusan hakim PTUN saat ini masih mengalami berbagai problematika yang terjadi karena upaya pelaksanaan putusan diserahkan kepada pejabat TUN. Beberapa problematika yang terjadi belum diatur secara jelas dan memiliki payung hukum yang pasti.
ANALISIS OF TEACHER’S ROLE IN SBDP LEARNING AT FIFTH GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL IN CLUSTER ONE OF TAMPAN SUBDISTRICTS PEKANBARU CITY
Authors: Rizki Hikmah Aulia
Published: January 2021

This research is a qualitative research. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of teacher’s in SBdP learning at fifth grade primary school in cluster one of Tampan Subdistricts Pekanbaru City. The data collection techniques in this study are observation, interview and documentation. The instruments used are: observation and interview guides that refer to indicators of the teacher's role in learning and have been validated by experts or validators. The subjects in this study were four fifth grade teacher’s primary school in Cluster one. The role of teacher in SBdP learning at fifth grade primary school in Cluster one of Tampan Subdistricts Pekanbaru City has been well implemented, but the implementation is not perfect. On the indicator teacher as demonstrator, teacher presents SBdP material in theory and practice. On the indicator teacher as class manager, teacher carries out SBdP learning in a thematic way and uses a scientific approach. On the indicator teacher as mediator, teacher uses pianics, pictures in student books, audio visual videos of the song Autum Flowers and human circulatory system as learning media. On the indicator teacher as facilitator, the teacher uses thematic printed books, worksheets books and books of national compulsory songs as learning resources. On the indicator teacher as evaluator, teacher has not yet carried out quiz, portfolio or project assessment, but teacher has carried out an assessment process.
Improvement of mesoscale numerical weather prediction WRF-ARW in the Republic of Belarus by assimilation of radar wind and reflectivity data
Authors: Zaiko Palina A. , Krasouski Aliaksandr N. , Barodka Siarhei K.
Published: January 2021

The forecasts of severe weather events obtained with the WRF numerical mesoscale model with the adapted system for assimilation of reflectivity and radial velocity data from the network of Belarusian Doppler weather radars used in Belhydromet in 2019 are analysed. A description of the system for the echo quality control based on the radar dual-polarisation characteristics and the method for three-dimensional variational assimilation (3D-VAR) used to assimilate data in the WRF model are described. The results of case studies on the simulation of precipitation and strong wind for various circulation types in Belarus with and without radar data assimilation are given. The statistical and object-oriented verification of these forecasts is provided. The results of the comprehensive assessment reveal a decrease in the forecast error for 10-m wind speed for the early forecast hours (+6 h) by 1.34 m/s, as well as a more accurate forecast of the location, orientation of the cloud systems and precipitation zones, and a decrease in the number of false alarms in the version with assimilation. A preliminary conclusion on the possibility of using the forecast results in nowcasting systems is also made.
Formation of the USA foreign policy strategy in the aftermath of World War II: the analysis of factors and goals that shaped the reality today
Authors: Plashchinsky Alexander A.
Published: January 2021

The article views the process of formation of the USA foreign policy strategy as being an instrument of establishing a new world order in the aftermath of World War II. An array of information, which consists of numerous sources in English, has been introduced into the scientific circulation of Belarusian political science and translated by the author himself. These are USA foreign policy documents, archival materials, memoirs, specialised periodicals, etc. Based on system analysis of this information, the key factors that determined the formation of the USA global strategy have been identified and analysed. Among them are the following ones: military, strategic, economic, political, nuclear, messianic, personal, factor of external threat («image of enemy »), geopolitical. The medium and long-term goals of the USA foreign policy strategy in Eurasia have been identified. The system analysis of the factors, goals and geopolitical concepts used by the White House in realising its foreign policy, both during the Cold War and in its aftermath, allows tracing how did the liberal paradigm, which foundations had been formed within the historical events of the first post-war years, become a reality today. The article demonstrates that the expansion of the new world order paradigm is being accompanied by permanent economic, geopolitical and military expansion of the United States. In the framework of that expansion the territories of modern Belarus, Russia and other states of the former USSR are the stepping stones necessary to gain world leadership. From this point of view, the Cold War is not over. Yet its forms and methods have changed. Therefore, the new world order appears as being a multifaceted phenomenon projected into the informational, economic, and military-political dimensions to establish the global power of the USA in the world and that of the forces that stand behind it. It is concluded that the obeyance of the national spirit to the interests of the US foreign policy strategy is the main conceptual goal of the latter. This fact determines the nature of the modern war on consciousness. Understanding the new world order phenomenon as well as the USA foreign policy strategy as being the instrument of its establishing is necessary to ensure national security and successive development of the Belarusian state.
Effects of Environmental Gradients on the Biomass of Alien Cercopagis pengoi in the Neva Estuary
Authors: Golubkov Mikhail S. , Litvinchuk Larisa F. , Golubkov Sergey M.
Published: January 2021

Biological invasions are a global trend due to globalization of the world. An important goal of invasion biology is to identify environmental characteristics that may make a region receptive to invasions. We tested the hypothesis that environmental variables have stronger effect on the biomass of the alienCercopagis pengoiin the Neva Estuary than biotic interactions with other zooplankton species. Hierarchical cluster, principal component and Pearson correlation analyzes were used to elucidate changes within the zooplankton community along environmental gradients. The data analysis showed that the biomass ofC. pengoiwas higher in waters with higher salinity, low temperature, high transparency, lower chlorophyllaconcentration and lower proportion of chlorophyll in particulate suspended matter. The biomass ofC. pengoishowed significant positive correlations with biomasses of its potential preys. However, we did not find direct significant negative correlations betweenC. pengoiand larger zooplankton predatorsLeptodora kindtiiandBythotrephesspp. This research generally supports the hypothesis that if environmental variables are appropriate for an exotic species, then that species is likely to invade successfully, regardless of the native species already present.
Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate Safety and Efficacy in Pediatric Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Alroughani Raed , Huppke Peter , Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska Maria , Blaschek Astrid , Valis Martin , Aaen Gregory , Pultz Joe , Peng Xiaomei , Beynon Vanessa
Published: January 2021

Background: Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare: only 1.5–5% of MS cases are diagnosed before 18 years of age, and data on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for pediatric MS are limited. The CONNECTED study assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of treatment with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an oral MS DMT, in pediatric patients with MS.

Methods: CONNECTED is the 96-week extension to FOCUS, a 24-week phase 2 study of patients aged 13–17 years; participants received DMF 240 mg twice daily. Endpoints included (primary) incidence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and DMF discontinuations due to an AE, and (secondary) T2 hyperintense lesion incidence by magnetic resonance imaging and annualized relapse rate (ARR).

Results: Twenty participants [median (range) age, 17 (14–18) years; 65% female] who completed FOCUS enrolled into CONNECTED; 17 (85%) completed CONNECTED. Eighteen participants (90%) experienced AEs: the most frequent was flushing (25%). None experienced infections or fever related to low lymphocyte counts. Three participants experienced four serious AEs; none led to DMF discontinuation. Twelve of 17 participants (71%) had no new/newly enlarged T2 lesions from weeks 16–24, two (12%) had one, and one each (6%) had two, three, or five or more lesions [median (range), 0 (0–6)]. Over the full 120-week treatment period, ARR was 0.2, an 84.5% relative reduction (n = 20; 95% confidence interval: 66.8–92.8; p < 0.0001) vs. the year before DMF initiation.

Conclusions: The long-term safety and efficacy observed in CONNECTED was consistent with adults, suggesting pediatric and adolescent patients with MS might benefit from DMF treatment.
The Effect of Mechanical Vibration during Transport under Model Conditions on the Shelf-Life, Quality and Physico-Chemical Parameters of Four Apple Cultivars
Authors: Walkowiak-Tomczak Dorota , Idaszewska Natalia , Łysiak Grzegorz P. , Bieńczak Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

The study assessed the changes in the quality and physical and chemical parameters of apples of four cultivars (‘Gala’, ‘Idared’, ‘Topaz’, ‘Red Prince’) subjected to mechanical vibration during transport under model conditions and after storage (shelf-life). Quality changes in apples were evaluated based on skin and flesh colour, total soluble solids, dry matter, firmness, titratable acidity, pH value, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity. The vibration applied at a frequency of 28 Hz caused changes in the above parameters, which were visible also after storage and depended on the cultivar, but often did not show any clear trend or direction or were not statistically significant. The values of the total colour difference factor ΔE showed considerable variations in the skin colour but only small variations in the flesh colour of individual cultivars. Vibration resulted in a decrease in firmness. Variations in dry matter, total soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity were small, often insignificant. Mechanical vibration and storage led to an increase in the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of all studied cultivars. The greatest stability of quality parameters, relatively high content of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity were observed for ‘Red Prince’. The lowest quality parameters were noted for ‘Gala’. The analysed cultivars continued to show a high level of antioxidant capacity after treatment, which allows the conclusion that they remain a good source of bioactive compounds after transport and short-term storage.
Optimization and Comparison of Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Cotton-Lavender (Santolina chamaecyparissus L.)
Authors: Aourach Mohammed , V. González-de-Peredo Ana , Vázquez-Espinosa Mercedes , Essalmani Haiat , Palma Miguel , F. Barbero Gerardo
Published: January 2021

The interest in natural phenolic compounds has increased because of their attractive use especially as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in foods. The large content in phenolic compounds of interest in Santolina chamaecyparissus L. (S. chamaecyparissus) makes this plant a target source that is worthy of note. In this work, new extraction technologies comprising ultrasound (UAE) and microwave (MAE) assisted extraction of the phenolic compounds in S. chamaecyparissus have been developed, optimized, and compared. Several extraction factors have been optimized based on a Box-Behnken design. Such optimized factors include the percentage of methanol in water (25–75%), the temperature (10–70 °C), the ultrasound amplitude (20–80%), the ultrasound cycle (0.2–1 s), the solvent pH (2–7) and the solvent-sample ratio (5/0.2–15/0.2 mL/g) with regard to UAE, while the percentage of methanol in water (50–100%), the temperature (50–100 °C), the pH (2–7) and the solvent-sample ratio (5/0.2–15/0.2 mL/g) were optimized for MAE. The solvent composition was the most influential parameter both on MAEs (64%) and UAEs (74%). The extraction optimum time was established as 15 min for MAE and 25 min for UAE. Five major phenolic compounds were detected and identified by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography—Quadrupole Time of Flight—Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS) in the extracts: chlorogenic acid, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, isoorientin, and cynarin. With the exception of chlorogenic acid, the other four compounds have been identified for the first time in S. chamaecyparissus. The findings have confirmed that MAE is a significantly more efficient extraction method than UAE to extract phenolic compounds from S. chamaecyparissus.
Inclusion of Wheat Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles from Bioethanol Plants in Diets for Dairy Cows
Authors: Garnsworthy Philip C. , Marsden Michael , Goodman Jennifer R. , Saunders Neil
Published: January 2021

Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) from bioethanol production can replace soya in diets for dairy cows, but the optimum inclusion level of European wheat DDGS (wDDGS) is unknown. Two batches of wDDGS from different UK bioethanol plants were fed to 44 (Experiment 1) and 40 (Experiment 2) cows in a Latin square design. Each wDDGS replaced soya and rapeseed at four inclusion levels (g/kg of diet dry matter (DM): 0, 80, 160 and 240—Experiment 1; 0, 75, 150 and 225—Experiment 2). Diets were balanced for metabolisable energy (ME) and protein (MP), and for minimum starch and saturated fat in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, DM intake (29 kg/day) and milk yield (42.3 kg/day) were unaffected by wDDGS inclusion up to 160 g/kg but were lower than control with 240 g/kg inclusion, which was attributed to the low proportion of solubles in this wDDGS batch. In Experiment 2, DM intake (22.4 kg/day) and milk yield (32.1 kg/day) were unaffected by wDDGS inclusion up to 225 g/kg. ME content of wDDGS, determined in vivo (MJ/kg DM) was 12.1 (Experiment 1) and 13.4 (Experiment 2). It is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of wDDGS is at least 225 g/kg DM in diets balanced for minimum starch and saturated fat as well as ME and MP supplies.
Non-Invasive Physiological Indicators of Heat Stress in Cattle
Authors: Idris Musadiq , Uddin Jashim , Sullivan Megan , McNeill David M. , Phillips Clive J. C.
Published: January 2021

Cattle are susceptible to heat stress, especially those kept on high levels of nutrition for the purpose of maximising growth rates, which leads to a significant heat increment in their bodies. Consequences include compromised health and productivity and mortalities during extreme events, as well as serious economic loss. Some measures of heat stress, such as plasma cortisol and temperature in the rectum, vagina, or rumen, are invasive and therefore unlikely to be used on farms. These may cause additional stress to the animal due to handling, and that stress in itself can confound the measure. Consequently, it is desirable to find non-invasive alternatives. Panting score (PS), cortisol metabolites in faeces, milk, or hair, and the infrared temperature of external body surfaces are all potentially useful. Respiratory indicators are difficult and time consuming to record accurately, and cortisol metabolites are expensive and technically difficult to analyse. Infrared temperature appears to offer the best solution but requires further research to determine the thresholds that define when corrective actions are required to ensure optimal health and productivity. Research in this area has the potential to ultimately improve the welfare and profitability of cattle farming.
Effects of Multi-Species Direct-Fed Microbial Products on Ruminal Metatranscriptome and Carboxyl-Metabolome of Beef Steers
Authors: McCoun Megan , Oyebade Adeoye , Estrada-Reyes Zaira M. , Pech-Cervantes Andres A. , Ogunade Ibukun M.
Published: January 2021

We examined the effects of two direct-fed microbial (DFM) products containing multiple microbial species and their fermentation products on ruminal metatranscriptome and carboxyl-metabolome of beef steers. Nine ruminally-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned to 3 treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were (1) Control (CON; basal diet without additive), (2) Commence (PROB; basal diet plus 19 g/d of Commence), and (3) RX3 (SYNB; basal diet plus 28 g/d of RX3). Commence and RX3 are both S. cerevisiae-based DFM products containing several microbial species and their fermentation products. Mixed ruminal contents collected multiple times after feeding on day 21 were used for metatranscriptome and carboxyl-metabolome analysis. Partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed a distinct transcriptionally active taxonomy profiles between CON and each of the PROB and SYNB samples. Compared to CON, the steers fed supplemental PROB had 3 differential (LDA ≥ 2.0; p ≤ 0.05) transcriptionally active taxa, none of which were at the species level, and those fed SYNB had eight differential (LDA > 2.0, p ≤ 0.05) transcriptionally active taxa, but there was no difference (p > 0.05) between PROB and SYNB. No functional microbial genes were differentially expressed among the treatments. Compared with CON, 3 metabolites (hydroxylpropionic acid and 2 isomers of propionic acid) were increased (FC ≥ 1.2, FDR ≤ 0.05), whereas 15 metabolites, including succinic acid and fatty acid peroxidation and amino acid degradation products were reduced (FC ≤ 0.83, FDR ≤ 0.05) by supplemental PROB. Compared with CON, 2 metabolites (2 isomers of propionic acid) were increased (FC ≥ 1.2, FDR ≤ 0.05), whereas 2 metabolites (succinic acid and pimelate) were reduced (FC ≤ 0.83, FDR ≤ 0.05) by supplemental SYNB. Compared to SYNB, supplemental PROB reduced (FC ≤ 0.83, FDR ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of four fatty acid peroxidation products in the rumen. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with either PROB or SYNB altered the ruminal fermentation pattern. In addition, supplemental PROB reduced concentrations of metabolic products of fatty acid peroxidation and amino acid degradation. Future studies are needed to evaluate the significance of these alterations to ruminal fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms, and their influence on beef cattle performance.
Why Protect Decapod Crustaceans Used as Models in Biomedical Research and in Ecotoxicology? Ethical and Legislative Considerations
Authors: Passantino Annamaria , Elwood Robert William , Coluccio Paolo
Published: January 2021

Decapod crustaceans are widely used as experimental models, due to their biology, their sensitivity to pollutants and/or their convenience of collection and use. Decapods have been viewed as being non-sentient, and are not covered by current legislation from the European Parliament. However, recent studies suggest it is likely that they experience pain and may have the capacity to suffer. Accordingly, there is ethical concern regarding their continued use in research in the absence of protective measures. We argue that their welfare should be taken into account and included in ethical review processes that include the assessment of welfare and the minimization or alleviation of potential pain. We review the current use of these animals in research and the recent experiments that suggest sentience in this group. We also review recent changes in the views of scientists, veterinary scientists and animal charity groups, and their conclusion that these animals are likely to be sentient, and that changes in legislation are needed to protect them. A precautionary approach should be adopted to safeguard these animals from possible pain and suffering. Finally, we recommend that decapods be included in the European legislation concerning the welfare of animals used in experimentation.
Rabbit Genetic Resources Can Provide Several Animal Models to Explain at the Genetic Level the Diversity of Morphological and Physiological Relevant Traits
Authors: Fontanesi Luca
Published: January 2021

The rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a unique multipurpose domestic species that has relevant economic impacts in several contexts. This review is focused on rabbit genetic resources that have been mainly bred for the fixation of differentiating features (e.g., exterior traits) that have been already genetically characterized. Several naturally occurring rabbit mutants could be useful as animal models for the investigation of the biological mechanisms determining their characterizing aspects, with translational potentials. A historical overview of the origin of the domesticated rabbit populations and of their genetic differentiation into many breeds is summarized. Then, a detailed analysis of the genetic features that characterize the different breeds is reported, starting from coat color and coat structure affecting genes (MC1R, ASIP, TYR, MLPH, TYRP1, KIT, LIPH, and FGF5), determining major loci described by classical genetic studies. Mutations in these genes have implications in pigmentation features, hair growth, and related defects. Other gene mutations affecting body size or shapes (HMGA2) and other physiological disfunctions (RORB and BCO2) are also described Additional studies are needed to complete the genetic characterization of some of these loci and to investigate the large genetic variability available in fancy breeds and commercial meat and fur lines.
Static Lateral Stability of Tractor with Rear Wheel Ballast Weights: Comparison of ISO 16231-2 (2015) with Experimental Data Regarding Tyre Deformation
Authors: Majdan Radoslav , Abrahám Rudolf , Tkáč Zdenko , Drlička Róbert , Matejková Eva , Kollárová Katarína , Mareček Jan
Published: January 2021

The paper presents a static lateral stability of a sub-compact tractor MT8-070 Mini in relation to a safe tractor operation. Axle weight distribution of the tractor was measured to calculate the vertical and longitudinal coordinates of a centre of gravity (COG). Experiments were aimed at the tractor equipped with no and four levels of rear wheel ballast weights (30.5, 61, 91.5 and 122 kg) at standard and extended overall width on tyres. A static overturning angle was calculated and experimentally measured when the tractor with right wheels touching the ground was in a state of unstable equilibrium. Comparing the experimental data with ISO 16231-2 (2015), the differences were 2.57%, 2.80%, 3.04%, 3.42% and 3.88% in the case of the standard overall width on tyres and 2.40%, 2.61%, 3.11%, 3.67% and 3.99% in the case of the extended overall width on tyres at 0, 30.5, 91.5 and 122 kg of the rear wheel ballast weight. Considering the vertical tyre deformation and the lateral shift of the tyre, the differences decreased to 0.95%, 1.11%, 1.29%, 1.85% and 1.42% (standard overall width on tyres) and 0.91%, 1.18%, 1.69%, 2.27% and 2.57% (extended overall width on tyres). The length of a rubber lug of a tyre contact patch did not change when the tractor was inclined at various ballast weights and did not affect the static overturning angle calculation according to ISO 16231-2 (2015). Results showed higher static overturning angle experimentally measured in comparison with calculated according to ISO 16231-2 (2015) due to the tyre deformation. Limiting the tractor operation on the basis of the static overturning angle calculated according to ISO 16231-2 (2015) avoids the tractor usage under dangerous operation conditions.
Study on Burr Formation and Tool Wear in Drilling CFRP and Its Hybrid Composites
Authors: Lee Jeong Hwan , Ge Jun Cong , Song Jun Hee
Published: January 2021

As contemporary emerging materials, fiber-reinforced plastics/polymers (FRP) are widely used in aerospace automotive industries and in other fields due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion and other properties. Drilling is the most frequently used process in industrial operation for polymer composite laminates, owing to the need for joining structures. However, it is a great challenge for operators to drill holes in FRP materials, due to the non-homogenous and anisotropic properties of fibers. Various damages, such as delamination, hole shrinkage, and burr and tool wear, occur due to the heterogeneous and anisotropic nature of composite laminates. Therefore, in this study, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)/aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) hybrid composites (C-AFRP) were successfully synthesized, and their drilling characteristics, including burr generation and tool wear, were also mainly investigated. The drilling characteristics of CFRP and C-AFRP were compared and analyzed for the first time under the same operating conditions (cutting tool, spindle speed, feed rate). The experimental results demonstrated that C-AFRP had higher tensile strength and good drilling characteristics (low thrust and less tool wear) compared with CFRP. As a lightweight and high-strength structural material, C-AFRP hybrid composites have great potential applications in the automobile and aerospace industries after the slight processing of burrs generated during drilling.
Multiparameter Approach for Damage Propagation Analysis in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Barile Claudia , Casavola Caterina , Pappalettera Giovanni , Vimalathithan Paramsamy Kannan
Published: January 2021

Assessing the damage evolution in carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is an intricate task due to their complex mechanical responses. The acoustic emission technique (AE) is a non-destructive evaluation tool that is based on the recording of sound waves generated inside the material as a consequence of the presence of active defects. Proper analysis of the recorded waves can be used for monitoring the damage evolution in many materials, including composites. The acoustic track associated with the entire loading history of the sample or the structures is usually followed by using some descriptors, such as the amplitude of the sound waves and the number of counts. In this study, the acoustic emission in CFRP single-lap shear joints was monitored by using a multiparameter approach based on the contemporary analysis of multiple features, such as the absolute signal level (ASL), initiation frequency, and reverberation frequency, to understand whether a proper combination of them can be adopted for a more robust description of the damage propagation in CFRP structures. For selecting the best features, principal component analysis (PCA) was used. The selected features were classified into different clusters using fuzzy c-means (FCM) data clustering for analyzing the damage modes.
Evaluation of the Possibility of Replacing Fly Ash with Glass Powder in Lower-Strength Concrete Mixes
Authors: Jurczak Robert , Szmatuła Filip
Published: January 2021

This article presents the results of research on the possibility of replacing fly ash with recycled waste glass in lower-strength concrete mixes. The results of testing concrete mixes containing either waste-glass powder or fly ash are presented in the article. A standard C12/15 concrete mix was chosen for the tests based on its common use for producing concrete for footings to support road kerbs and gutters along national roads in the Polish province of West Pomerania. In the first step of the testing procedure, reference mixes were prepared with 22.5% and 45% fly ash in relation to the content of cement. In the next step, mixes were prepared based on the same specification, except that glass powder was added in place of fly ash. The samples were then tested to determine the influence of waste-glass powder on the main properties of the prepared concrete mixes and on the performance of the concrete when hardened. All the samples were tested for 7 and 28-day compressive strength, water absorption, and freeze-thaw resistance in water. Next, the performance parameters of the samples containing waste-glass powder were compared to the reference mixes containing an equal amount of fly ash. The test results and their analysis allow us to conclude that mixes containing glass powder are not only equal to mixes containing fly ash, but even outperform them by a wide margin in terms of durability.
Computationally Efficient Models of High Pressure Rolling for Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Components
Authors: Gornyakov Valeriy , Sun Yongle , Ding Jialuo , Williams Stewart
Published: January 2021

High pressure multi-layer rolling is an effective method to reduce residual stress and distortion in metallic components built by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). However, the mechanisms of the reduction in residual stress and distortion during multi-layer rolling are not well understood. Conventional finite element models for rolling are highly inefficient, hindering the simulation of multi-layer rolling for large WAAM components. This study aims to identify the most suitable modelling technique for finite element analysis of large WAAM component rolling. Four efficient rolling models were developed, and their efficiency and accuracy were compared with reference to a conventional large-scale rolling model (i.e., control model) for a WAAM built wall. A short-length transient model with fewer elements than the control model was developed to reduce computational time. Accurate predictions of stress and strain and a reduction in computational time by 96.5% were achieved using the short-length model when an implicit method for numerical solution was employed, while similar efficiency but less accurate prediction was obtained when an explicit solution method was adopted. A Eulerian steady-state model was also developed, which was slightly less efficient (95.91% reduction in computational time) but was much less accurate due to unrealistic representation of rolling process. The applicability of a 2D rolling model was also examined and it was found that the 2D model is highly efficient (99.52% time reduction) but less predictive due to the 2D simplification. This study also shows that the rigid roller adopted in the models is beneficial for improving efficiency without sacrificing accuracy.