bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations with sexual dysfunction among a Canadian cohort with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Weizman Adam V , Nguyen Derek M , Targownik Laura E , Mosko Jeff , Bollegala Natasha , Saibil Fred , Huang Vivian , Selk Amanda , Bernstein Michael
Published: November 2024

Background

Sexual dysfunction is common in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to better characterize sexual dysfunction and associated factors among a Canadian cohort of IBD patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. The primary outcome was sexual dysfunction as measured by the Female Sexual Dysfunction Scale in females and the Male Sexual Dysfunction Scale in males. Analyses were stratified by sex and multiple linear regression was used to identify associations.

Results

In total, 351 respondents completed the survey. Both females and males were impacted by sexual dysfunction (IBD-FSDS 14.1 [± 13.8] and IBD-MSDS 7.2 [± 9.4, respectively]). Depression was common and strongly associated with sexual dysfunction (β coefficient 0.92 [0.13] for men and 0.84 [0.19] for women, P <.001).

Conclusions

Sexual dysfunction was common and more impactful in women. Depression was strongly associated with sexual dysfunction. This underscores the need for multidisciplinary care in addressing sexual health among individuals living with IBD.
Best practices for the naming of species
Authors: Ruedas Luis A , Norris Ryan W , Timm Robert M
Published: November 2024

The process of describing a species has evolved considerably since the modern age of taxonomy was initiated with the publication of the 10th edition of Linnaeus’ Systema Naturæ in 1758. Nevertheless, the basic unit of the taxonomic framework remains the species group (species and subspecies). As a result, it is incumbent upon individuals undertaking species-group descriptions to strive for the highest standards, just as it is for reviewers and editors to hold authors to those same standards. The clear and mounting biodiversity crisis, the increasing proliferation of journals, the multiplication of journals publishing only in electronic format, the decline in the number of trained taxonomists, and the complex and at times misinterpreted wording of the rules governing taxonomy have resulted in a growing number of species names that are unavailable because one or more aspects required of a species-level taxonomic description are lacking. Here, we present best practices for the required elements of a taxonomic description and identify some of the common pitfalls leading to an inadequate description resulting in an unavailable name. We also suggest best practices that would enhance taxonomic descriptions and make them more informative.
Preparation for targeted sterile insect technique to control invasive Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern California: dose-dependent response, survivorship, and competitiveness
Authors: Birhanie Solomon Kibret , Thieme Castellon Jennifer , Macias Ale , Casas Rubi , Brown Michelle Q
Published: November 2024

Aedes aegypti is fast spreading across California, with over 300 cities within 22 central and southern counties being infested since its introduction in 2013. Due to its cryptic breeding habitats, control efforts have not been successful so far. This calls for innovative tools such as sterile insect technique (SIT) to reinforce the existing integrated pest management (IPM). Here, we assessed fitness, survivorship, and dose response of X-ray irradiated male Ae. aegypti in California. Locally acquired Ae. aegypti eggs were hatched and reared in temperature-controlled laboratory setting at the West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District in Ontario, California. Freshly emerged adult male mosquitoes were manually separated using motor-operated aspirators and treated with X-ray radiation at different dosage (42–60 Gy). Dose response of irradiated males was analyzed and induced sterility determined. Survivorship of males treated with different X-ray doses was compared. Fecundity of females that mated with irradiated males at different X-ray doses was generally comparable. Overall, induced sterility increased with higher X-ray doses. Nulliparous females that mated with male Ae. aegypti treated with 55–60 Gy laid eggs with over 99% sterility. Non-irradiated male mosquitoes had higher survivorship (mean = 0.78; P = 0.0331) than irradiated mosquitoes (mean range = 0.50–0.65). The competitiveness index of irradiated males decreased with increasing X-ray treatment doses, 1.14 at 55 Gy and 0.49 at 60 Gy, and this difference was significant (P < 0.01). Irradiated males showed high survivorship and competitiveness—key for the anticipated SIT application for the control of invasive Ae. aegypti in California.
Understanding the role of perfectionism in contributing to internalizing symptoms in youth with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Brandelli Yvonne N , Mackinnon Sean P , Chambers Christine T , Parker Jennifer A , Huber Adam M , Stinson Jennifer N , Johnson Shannon A , Wilson Jennifer P
Published: November 2024

Objective

Youth with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) experience elevated rates of internalizing symptoms, although more research is required to understand this phenomenon. Perfectionism, a multidimensional personality trait that involves dimensions such as striving for flawlessness (self-oriented perfectionism) and feeling that others demand perfection (socially-prescribed perfectionism), is a well-known risk factor for internalizing symptoms that has received minimal attention in pediatric populations. Preregistered hypotheses explored the relationships between youth and parent perfectionism and symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with JIA, as mediated by (a) youth/parent negative self-evaluations and (b) youth self-concealment.

Methods

One hundred fifty-six dyads comprised of youth (13–18 years) with JIA and a caregiver completed online questionnaires about trait perfectionism, negative self-evaluations (i.e., pain catastrophizing and fear of pain), self-concealment, and internalizing symptoms.

Results

Positive relationships were observed between parent/youth self-oriented perfectionism and negative self-evaluations, youth self-oriented perfectionism and internalizing symptoms, and youth negative self-evaluations and internalizing symptoms. Parent self-oriented perfectionism was negatively related to youth depression symptoms. Indirect effects were observed for youth self-oriented perfectionism predicting anxiety and depression symptoms through pain catastrophizing (a1b1 = 0.13 and 0.12, 95% CI [.03, .24 and .03, .22], respectively). Exploratory mediations suggested youth socially-prescribed perfectionism might predict internalizing symptoms directly and indirectly through self-concealment.

Conclusion

Youth and parent perfectionism are implicated in the internalizing symptoms of youth with JIA and may manifest through youth negative self-evaluations (e.g., catastrophic thoughts) and self-concealment. While future research is needed, screening for perfectionistic tendencies in this population may help guide assessment, prevention, and treatment efforts.
Quantitative Particle Analysis of Neptunium-237 Oxides: Optimization of MAMA Analysis for Modified Direct Denitration Products
Authors: Parker Connor J , Peruski Kathryn M , Cary Samantha K
Published: November 2024

The production of plutonium-238 through irradiation of neptunium-237 (237Np) target materials for the use in radioisotope thermoelectric generators is paramount for continued deep space exploration. This work employs scanning electron microscopy to analyze 237Np materials coupled with a well-developed image analysis framework (Morphological Analysis for Material Attribution, or MAMA) to determine the degree of micron-scale homogeneity in the materials. This work demonstrated how the quantification of particle characteristics can validate production materials and affirm the qualitative similarities observed in micrographs. The 237Np oxide particle analysis determined that the materials from five production runs were quantitatively homogenous (significant at α = 0.05) in particle area, circularity, equivalent circular diameter, and ellipse aspect ratio, with two of the sampling dates having statistically significant different means for one of the four characteristics. These metrics not only confirm general homogeneity of the material but also expand the application of MAMA workflows to 237Np materials, demonstrating the utility of MAMA analysis for a wider breadth of nuclear materials than previously reported. In the open literature, this study is the first time that these microanalytical techniques were applied to 237Np materials to this degree.
Who will benefit from vorasidenib? Review of data from the literature and open questions
Authors: Darlix Amélie , Preusser Matthias , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L , Shih Helen A , Mandonnet Emmanuel , Taylor Jennie W
Published: November 2024

The clinical efficacy of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors in the treatment of patients with grade 2 IDH-mutant (mIDH) gliomas is a significant therapeutic advancement in neuro-oncology. It expands treatment options beyond traditional radiation therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, which may lead to significant long-term neurotoxic effects while extending patient survival. The INDIGO study demonstrated that vorasidenib, a pan-mIDH inhibitor, improved progression-free survival for patients with grade 2 mIDH gliomas following surgical resection or biopsy compared to placebo and was well tolerated. However, these encouraging results leave a wake of unanswered questions: Will higher-grade mIDH glioma patients benefit? When is the appropriate timing to start and stop treatment? Where does this new treatment option fit in with other treatment modalities? In this study, we review the limited data available to start addressing these questions, provide a framework of how to discuss these gaps with current patients, and highlight what is needed from the neuro-oncology community for more definitive answers.
“Treatable not curable”: trade-offs in the use of treatment-oriented language with patients who have incurable cancer
Authors: Batten Jason N , Kennedy Kristin M , Wong Bonnie O , Kraft Stephanie A , Hanks William , Magnus David , Schapira Lidia
Published: November 2024

Treatment-oriented language is used by physicians to convey to patients that treatment is available for their cancer (eg, “our usual treatment for this is…,” “we can treat this,” “your cancer is still treatable”). For patients who have incurable cancer, especially for patients with a poor prognosis or who are at the end of life, it is important to understand how physicians conceptualize and use this “everyday” clinical language. We conducted a qualitative interview study with a multidisciplinary group of physicians (n = 30) who may care for patients with cancer at different points in their clinical course, from diagnosis to end of life. Physicians report a wide range of reasons for using treatment-oriented language in conversations with patients who have incurable cancer. However, physicians also reported concerns that this language can be ambiguous, can convey unintended positive prognostic information, and can shift attention away from important matters such as the non-curative nature of treatment or the inevitability of death. On the basis of these concerns, physicians should (1) consider whether their aims in using treatment-oriented language can be better achieved using other evidence-based communication strategies, and (2) recognize and proactively mitigate potential adverse effects of treatment-oriented language, which may manifest much later in the patient’s clinical course.
Machine learning-based prediction of one-year mortality in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Abujaber Ahmad , Yaseen Said , Imam Yahia , Nashwan Abdulqadir , Akhtar Naveed
Published: November 2024

Background: Accurate prediction of mortality following an ischemic stroke is essential for tailoring personalized treatment strategies. This study evaluates the effectiveness of machine learning models in predicting one-year mortality after an ischemic stroke. Methods: Five machine learning models were trained using data from a national stroke registry, with logistic regression demonstrating the highest performance. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis explained the model’s outcomes and defined the influential predictive factors. Results: Analyzing 8183 ischemic stroke patients, logistic regression achieved 83% accuracy, 0.89 AUC, and an F1 score of 0.83. Significant predictors included stroke severity, pre-stroke functional status, age, hospital-acquired pneumonia, ischemic stroke subtype, tobacco use, and co-existing diabetes mellitus (DM). Discussion: The model highlights the importance of predicting mortality in enhancing personalized stroke care. Apart from pneumonia, all predictors can serve the early prediction of mortality risk which supports the initiation of early preventive measures and in setting realistic expectations of disease outcomes for all stakeholders. The identified tobacco paradox warrants further investigation. Conclusion: This study offers a promising tool for early prediction of stroke mortality and for advancing personalized stroke care. It emphasizes the need for prospective studies to validate these findings in diverse clinical settings.
Complex patterns and determinants of regional multiple chronic conditions across the United States
Authors: Xu Yanqing , Yan Ming , Fu Cong , Xu Wei , Liu Yan , Li Yuchen
Published: November 2024

Noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are a rapidly growing global public health concern, posing substantial challenges to healthcare systems. The presence of multiple (≥2) chronic conditions (MCC) exacerbates these challenges. In this study, we constructed an integrated MCC network to comprehensively evaluate the impact of NCD prevalence and associated factors on MCC patterns. We identified four distinct MCC patterns, each with its unique set of associated risk factors. Firstly, we found that race, sedentary lifestyles, and smoking habits were significant contributors to the co-occurrence of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Secondly, smoking habits and mental health were identified as risk factors associated with the clusters of high cholesterol, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and arthritis. Furthermore, the comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma was affected by socioeconomic status, smoking habits, and educational attainment, and a noteworthy reciprocal relationship existed between these two MCC combinations. Thirdly, the combination of asthma and obesity is associated with risk factors such as mental health, smoking habits, sedentary lifestyles, and binge drinking behaviors. Finally, the pattern of depression-stroke comorbidity was influenced by risk factors including mental health, age, and sleep duration. Our findings hold valuable implications for healthcare system optimization, offering a pathway to mitigate the escalating burden of NCDs. Additionally, they provide a foundation for scientific strategies aimed at the joint prevention and management of these complex conditions, ultimately enhancing public health and safety on a global scale.
Estimation of the ratio of exchangeable organically bound hydrogen to total organically bound hydrogen in flatfish flesh
Authors: Masuda Tsuyoshi , Kakiuchi Hideki , Ishikawa Yoshio , Tani Takashi
Published: November 2024

The exchangeability of hydrogen atoms within organic molecules in vivo with ambient water hydrogen is uncertain. We assessed this by administrating the tracer deuterium to the fish. Flatfish were retained in deuterium-elevated seawater for 48 h, and the deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratios in the flesh samples were measured. Rapid in vivo equilibration between exchangeable organically bound hydrogen (Ex-OBH) and tissue-free water (TFW) hydrogen was indicated by the linear relationship between the D/H ratios of total organically bound hydrogen (t-OBH) and TFW. The estimated ratio of Ex-OBH to t-OBH (fe) in vivo was 7.2 ± 0.0%, while there was no in vivo production rate of non-exchangeable organically bound deuterium (Nx-OBD). In contrast to this estimation of no production of Nx-OBD in vivo, the D/H values of Nx-OBH measured by equilibration in vitro increased, consequently reducing the value of fe in vitro to some extent compared to that of fe in vivo. This indicated that a certain portion of Ex-OBH in vivo was not exchangeable during the equilibration in vitro.
A summary of updated UNSCEAR evaluations on medical and occupational exposures to ionising radiation and call for participation in UNSCEAR Global Surveys on radiation exposure
Authors: Chen Jing
Published: November 2024

This paper summarises key findings of United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2020/2021 Report on the evaluations of medical and occupational exposures to ionising radiation. Medical exposure remains by far the largest human-made source of radiation exposure of the population. In the period 2009–18, about 4.2 billion medical radiological examinations were performed annually, resulting in an effective dose per caput of 0.57 mSv. The worldwide annual number of workers exposed to natural and human-made sources of ionising radiation is estimated to be ~24 million in the period 2010–14. About 52% of those were employed in the sectors that involve exposure to natural sources of radiation. The annual effective dose was estimated to be around 2.0 mSv for workers exposed to natural sources (excluding radon exposure in workplaces other than mines) and 0.5 mSv for workers exposed to human-made sources. It is important to motivate United Nations Member States to fully participate in UNSCEAR’s global surveys on radiation exposure. Future surveys will be relevant and useful and adapted to changing data sources and uses of radiation across the world.
Countermeasures and follow-up actions in response to information on thyroid cancer, which possibly provoked misunderstanding and unfounded rumour, issued by five former Japanese prime ministers
Authors: Amir Isamu , Ito Naomi , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: November 2024

This study summarises the responses to information on thyroid cancer, which possibly provoked misunderstanding and unfounded rumour, described in a letter issued by five former Japanese Prime Ministers on 27 January, 2022. Fukushima Medical University (FMU) implemented countermeasures and follow-up in three phases in response to the letter. In Phase 1, FMU shared scientific facts on the relationship between radiation exposure and thyroid cancer, as well as the response of FMU towards those who read the letter and were concerned about the description. Furthermore, FMU organised lectures and workshops to facilitate peer support among medical and non-medical staff, which were publicised through a newspaper article. In Phase 2, the peer support programme targeting patients with thyroid cancer was launched. In Phase 3, FMU participated in a TV programme to explain the medical aspects of thyroid cancer and the importance of providing peer support to patients with cancer, featuring individuals with experiences as medical staff and survivors.
Involvement of cellular senescence in the effect of X-irradiated human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells on human lung cancer A549 cell clonogenic potential
Authors: Yoshino Hironori , Tadano Katsuki , Omiya Chinatsu , Ishii Kae , Munakata Nanami
Published: November 2024

Ionizing radiation not only affects irradiated but also non-irradiated surrounding cells through intercellular communication, indicating that the former cells could affect the latter. The present study investigated the effect of X-irradiated normal human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells on the clonofenic potential of human lung cancer A549 cells by co-culturing them. Moreover, the relationship between the effects of co-culturing on the clonogenic potential of A549 cells and cellular senescence in WI-38 cells was investigated. The co-culture with 10-Gy-irradiated WI-38 cells and A549 cells enhanced the clonogenic potential of non- or X-irradiated A549 cells. Irradiated WI-38 cells exhibited high SA-β-gal activity, a cellular senescence hallmark. Importantly, treatment with senolytic drugs, which eliminate senescent cells, not only influenced high-SA-β-gal-activity cell percentages among the irradiated WI-38 cells but also the effect of irradiated WI-38 cells on the clonogenic potential of A549 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that irradiated WI-38 cells promote A549 cell clonogenic potential and irradiated senescent WI-38 cells contribute to this effect.
Investigating the association between dry deposition of cesium and different growth stages of aboveground parts of Chinese yam
Authors: Imada Shogo , Kawabata Hitoshi , Yanai Masumi
Published: November 2024

Radiocesium released into the atmosphere from accidents at nuclear facilities, can be deposited on the surface of the surrounding crop fields as dry and wet deposits. Radiocesium deposition can occur at any time during the growth season. In this study, we used stable cesium (Cs) to investigate the changes in dry Cs deposits on surfaces of aboveground parts of Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya) during different growth stages. Chinese yam seedlings were grown for eight different lengths of time and were then simultaneously exposed to aerosol particles containing stable Cs in an aerosol exposure chamber for 5 h. The deposition density of Cs on the aboveground parts of the seedlings decreased from 29 to 72 d after transplantation (DAT) and did not change significantly after 72 DAT. The Cs deposition density on the seedlings on different DAT correlated with the leaf area available for the deposition of aerosol Cs particles.
Practical cut-off value for radon concentration in indoor air using an activated-charcoal radon collector
Authors: Yasuoka Yumi , Takemoto June , Omori Yasutaka , Kawamoto Nanaho , Goda Nao , Nagahama Hiroyuki , Muto Jun , Tokonami Shinji , Hosoda Masahiro , Iimoto Takeshi , Mukai Takahiro
Published: November 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries adopt the reference level of 100 Bq m−3 for indoor radon gas. Adopting the reference level requires a preliminary assessment of the indoor radon concentration. In the preliminary investigation, a cut-off value is useful, which is a value for selecting samples that can be reliably determined to be below the reference level (in this paper, the WHO reference level) using a straightforward method. If the true value was the WHO reference level, then the cut-off value of the PicoRad collector for selecting samples was determined as 80 Bq m−3 through the analysis of the 95% prediction interval.
Analysis of cellular effects by continuous exposure AT low concentration of tritium
Authors: Isobe Rio , Suzuki Masatoshi , Endo Satoru , Kino Yasushi , Ishikawa Ryoya , Inaba Yohei , Fukumoto Manabu , Chida Koichi
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the hTERT-immortalized normal human diploid epithelial cells (RPE1-hTERT) continuously exposed to 6000 Bq/ml of tritiated water (HTO) and organically bound tritium (OBT). The relationship of the DSBs induction with the intracellular amount as well as the localization of tritium was also examined. Tritium-labeled thymidine (3H-Thy) and palmitic acid (3H-PA) were used as OBT. The average number of DSBs, which were indicated as co-localized foci of 53BP1 with phosphorylated H2AX, per cell was higher in the order of treatments with 3H-Thy, 3H-PA, and HTO. This order was consistent with that of tritium localization in the insoluble nuclear fraction but not with the intracellular amount of tritium. In addition to the intracellular amount of tritium, we showed that the subcellular localization of tritium is an important factor in cellular effects stimulated by DSBs.
Development of evaluation method for radiocesium availability in soil by biomimetic approach
Authors: Takeda Akira , Unno Yusuke , Swallow Mathew J B , Yagasaki Yasumi , Yasutaka Tetsuo , Akata Naofumi
Published: November 2024

Applicability of biomimetic approach with simulation of plant uptake for assessment of radiocesium availability in soil was investigated. The soil spiked with 137Cs tracer was contacted with wicking material and copper-substituted prussian blue (Cu-PB), which simulate transpirationally induced mass flow and concentration gradient-induced diffusion of radiocesiumin the soil, respectively. Comparison of the removed 137Cs to the wick and the wick + Cu-PB from the soil during the contact period of 12 weeks suggested that the diffusion process has larger contribution than the mass flow process in radiocesium dynamics in root zone. The change of the removed rate of 137Cs from the soil was reflected that its availability decreased with the time elapsing and with subjecting repeated wet-dry treatment. The results suggest that the biomimetic approach can be applicable to the realistic evaluation of the availability of radiocesium in soil.
Occupational radiation dose among student radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists, and radiotherapists in an Australian university
Authors: Deb Pradip
Published: November 2024

To become registered radiation worker as radiographer, nuclear medicine (NM) technologist, or radiotherapist in Australian health system, a 4-y bachelor’s degree, or a 2-y master’s degree in medical imaging (MI), NM, or radiation therapy (RT) approved by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency is required. During their supervised clinical practice period, it is crucial to monitor students’ occupational radiation dose as their annual dose limit is 1 mSv y−1 unlike regular occupational dose of 20 mSv y−1. In this study, the distribution and trend of occupational dose among over 300 radiography, NM, and radiotherapy student practitioners per year in an Australian university are analyzed over a period of 10 y (2013–22). The overall average annual effective dose was well below the dose limit set for the students. Among the three streams—MI, NM, and RT—NM students had the highest annual dose.
I have seen this before: imprinting experiences and Bank CEO risk-taking in times of crisis
Authors: Jung Jiwook , Pernell Kim , Shin Taekjin
Published: November 2024

Understanding the causes and consequences of corporate risk-taking has remained a crucial topic for organizational scholars. Using the case of U.S. banks and one dimension of their risk-taking behavior around the 2008 financial crisis, we offer a theory of how the diverse experiences of corporate leaders can shape their risk-taking behavior. Building on the imprinting literature, we theorize how different types of experiences that bank CEOs had in the past interact to shape current risk-taking behavior, resulting in risk moderation under crisis conditions. We focus on two imprinting experiences with particular relevance for bank CEOs’ risk-taking behavior—MBA education and past crisis experience. We argue that the latter played a pronounced role during the crisis because of greater imprint-environment fit. Our analysis using data from 170 large banks between 2001 and 2019 shows that bank CEOs’ firsthand experience of a prior banking crisis not only directly tempered bank risk-taking but also did so indirectly by limiting the risk-taking tendencies of CEOs with an MBA, particularly during the crisis period. Our study contributes to the sociological literature about organizational risk-taking by emphasizing the crucial role of organizational leaders’ biographies and exploring how earlier institutional conditions shape their risk-taking behavior later.
Occurrence of Grapevine Viruses in Different Cultivars and Regions Within Michigan
Authors: Neugebauer Kerri , Gillett Jerri , Klaassen Vicki , Miles Laura , Rwahnih Maher Al , Miles Timothy
Published: November 2024

Viral diseases are widespread in vineyards throughout the world. Vineyard viruses are mostly disseminated via vegetative propagation, although insect and nematode vectors can also be involved in the spread. Michigan faces challenges with grapevine viruses due to the following: 1) multiple Vitis sp. (Vitis vinifera, Vitis labrusca, and Vitis interspecific hybrids) being cultivated within the state, 2) vineyards that vary in age, and 3) plant material being sourced from a variety of locations throughout the United States. Determining the distribution of grapevine viruses in Michigan is the first step in developing mitigation strategies. In this study we utilized real-time RT-PCR to test for a variety of grapevine viruses that are known to occur in other regions. Vineyards were sampled for grapevine leaf tissue (n = 429) across the northwest, southwest, mid, and southeast regions of the lower peninsula of Michigan and screened for a panel of viruses. Across all samples, grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) was the most abundant. Other viruses found in relatively high abundance included grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV3), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). Interestingly, this study identified grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) and grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), for the first time within the state. This survey gives researchers and growers an awareness of the distribution of viruses in Michigan vineyards that can aid management recommendations and encourage the use of virus tested material from reputable sources when planting new vineyards.
Safety and Efficacy of Opioid-sparing Anesthesia Compared With Traditional Opioid Anesthesia
Authors: Lauretta Maria P. , Marino Luca , Bilotta Federico
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

The rationale of adoption opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) is to achieve perioperative analgesia with a minimal amount of opioids combined with nonopioid adjuvants during and after surgery, namely multimodal anesthesia. The OSA approach was originally developed to overcome the known complications of opioid-based anesthesia (OA), and the present scoping review (ScR) aims at providing clinical evidence of the safety and efficacy of OSA with respect to OA.

Methods:

This ScR is mainly focused on studies presenting evidence on the safety and efficacy of OSA versus OA. PubMed and EMBASE databases were utilized to find relevant studies. The search strategy included the following keywords: “opioid sparing anesthesia complications, opioid sparing anesthesia efficacy, opioid sparing anesthesia safety.” The findings from the 25 included studies were categorized into the following subsections: article characteristics, goals of the studies, OSA protocols, and surgical settings analyzed.

Results:

In the 25 reviewed studies, evidence related to the impact of OSA versus OA was considered. Intraoperative safety and efficacy end points include hemodynamic stability and anesthetic/analgesic requirements. Postoperative end points include early cognitive dysfunction, opioid-induced bowel disorder, the physical status of mothers and newborns after labor and emergency cesarean, systemic immune and inflammation modifications, postoperative recovery, in-hospital and long-term opioid requirement, early postoperative pain, and chronic postsurgical pain. The studies reported lower intraoperative mean arterial pressure and heart rate fluctuations when α2 agonists were adopted, while no differences were recorded for other complication rates. Analysis of OSA approaches for the postoperative conditions includes α2 agonists, NMDA receptor blocking agents, gabapentinoids, nefopam hydrochloride, and locoregional anesthesia techniques with a positive impact on most of the end points considered.

Discussion:

The clinical implementation of OSA encompasses the perioperative use of nonopioid drugs and locoregional anesthesia techniques. The reviewed studies reported OSA as a feasible approach to reduce opioid-related complications with no impact on patient safety.
Nomograms Predicting Survival, Recurrence and Beneficiary Identification of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Treatment-naïve Patients with Rectal Cancer who Underwent Upfront Curative Resection: A multi-institutional study
Authors: Kanemitsu Yukihide , Uotani Tomofumi , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Ueno Hideki , Ishiguro Megumi , Ishihara Soichiro , Komori Koji , Sugihara Kenichi ,   Study Group for Nomogram of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
Published: November 2024

Objective:

To create and validate nomograms predicting overall survival and recurrence in treatment-naïve rectal cancer (RC) patients who underwent upfront surgery.

Background:

Although multidisciplinary treatment is standard for locally advanced RC, understanding surgical efficacy is important for determining indications for perioperative adjuvant therapy.

Methods:

RC patients who underwent upfront surgery at the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum institutions were analyzed. A training cohort (n = 1925) of treatment-naïve patients who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2008 was analyzed to construct prognostic models predicting postoperative survival and recurrence. Discrimination and calibration were performed using an external validation cohort (n = 2957; Japanese colorectal cancer registry, procedures in 2005–2006). Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival were evaluated based on nomogram prediction and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data (n = 10,482; upfront surgery for RC in 2010–2015).

Results:

In the training cohort, age predicted survival, venous invasion predicted recurrence, and sex, tumor location, histological type, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, invasion depth, lymphatic invasion, positive radial margin, and numbers of metastatic nodes and examined nodes predicted both. Internal and external validated Harrell’s C-index values were respectively 0.77 and 0.75 for survival and 0.75 and 0.74 for recurrence. RC patients who underwent upfront surgery in the SEER database were stratified into 3 risk levels by nomogram score. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve 5-year survival in low-risk patients, but did so for middle-risk (62.4% vs 76.8%) and high-risk (39.4% vs 63.5%) patients.

Conclusion:

These nomograms could predict survival and recurrence after upfront curative resection of RC and identify cases expected to benefit more from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria
Authors:   Expert Panel on Breast Cancer, Choi J. Isabelle , Freedman Gary M. , Guttmann David M. , Ahmed Kamran , Gao Wendy , Walker Eleanor M. , Harris Eleanor E. , Gonzalez Victor , Ye Jason , Nead Kevin , Taunk Neil , Tadros Audree B. , Dang Chau T. , Daroui Parima , Novick Kristina
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

Recent literature has provided additional data to further individualize treatment recommendations on regional nodal irradiation (RNI) patient selection and delivery techniques, but controversies surrounding optimal RNI utilization remain, including radiation technique, modality selection, and internal mammary lymph node (IMN) inclusion. The American Radium Society (ARS) Breast Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) Committee performed a systematic review and developed a consensus guideline to summarize recent data and provide evidence-based recommendations.

Methods:

A multidisciplinary panel comprised of 15 members representing radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and surgical oncologists specializing in the treatment of breast cancer conducted an analysis of the medical literature from January 1, 2011 to April 1, 2024. Modified Delphi methodology was used to rate the appropriateness of treatments for variants across 3 key questions.

Results:

Patients with intermediate-risk breast cancer, such as limited nodal involvement or large primary tumor size, are reasonable candidates for RNI, although a subset of patients with overall favorable clinicopathologic features may be considered for treatment de-escalation. Data on the use of advanced radiation techniques for RNI were limited in scope and strength, and the panel agreed that careful patient selection is needed when using these tools. Evidence suggests that the IMN should be included when delivering RNI given the absolute benefit demonstrated in multiple randomized trials.

Conclusion:

A systematic review and evidence-based summary of recommendations are provided in these consensus guidelines from the ARS Breast AUC Committee to provide current comprehensive guidance on the optimal management of non-metastatic breast cancer patients being considered for RNI.
Comparison of Therapeutic Effects Between Pulsed Field Ablation and Cryoballoon Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wan Yun , Zeng Shuting , Liu FuWei , Gao Xin , Li Weidong , Liu Kaifeng , He Jie , Ji Jianqing , Luo Jun
Published: November 2024

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel nonthermal ablation technique for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, with safety comparable to traditional catheter ablation surgery. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the procedural efficiency and safety profiles of PFA and cryoballoon ablation (CBA) in the management of AF. We performed a systematic search across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, encompassing the literature up to February 2024, to inform our systematic review and meta-analysis. When assessing outcome indicators, the risk ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for dichotomous variables. For continuous variables, the mean difference (MD) and the associated 95% CI were determined. In this scenario, a relative risk (RR) value of less than 1 and an MD value of less than 0 are deemed favorable for the PFA group. This could translate to a reduced likelihood of procedural complications or enhanced procedural performance within the PFA group. In this analysis, 9 observational studies encompassing 2875 patients with AF were included. Among these, 38% (n = 1105) were treated with PFA, while 62% (n = 1770) received CBA. The results indicated that PFA was associated with a significantly shorter procedural duration compared with CBA, with an MD of −10.49 minutes (95% CI, −15.50 to −5.49; P < 0.0001). Nevertheless, no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the 2 treatment cohorts concerning fluoroscopy time (MD, 0.71; 95% CI, −0.45 to 1.86; P = 0.23) and the recurrence of atrial arrhythmias during follow-up (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.78–1.14; P = 0.57). In terms of perioperative complications, the PFA group showed a significantly decreased risk of phrenic nerve palsy (RR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.06–0.39; P < 0.0001) and an increased risk of cardiac tamponade (RR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.26–9.66; P = 0.02) compared with the CBA group. No significant differences were noted between the PFA and CBA groups regarding the incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.30–3.22; P = 0.99), vascular access complication (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.36–2.10; P = 0.76), atrial esophageal fistula (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.01–8.13; P = 0.50), and major or minor bleeding events (RR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.09–1.74; P = 0.22). Our research results indicate that compared with CBA, PFA not only shortens the procedure time but also demonstrates noninferiority in terms of fluoroscopy duration and the recurrence rate of atrial arrhythmias. PFA and CBA have both demonstrated their respective advantages in perioperative complications.
A rare incidence of signet ring cell carcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction: a case report
Authors: Javed Hadiya , Tariq Hamna , Nasir Aleena , Amin Mohammed Hammad Jaber , Hasanain Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Introduction and importance:

Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare type of adenocarcinoma. SRCC comprises 1.0% of all colon cancer and 0.7% of all rectal cancer. The SRCC spreads both hematologically and through lymph nodes making it highly invasive. The pathophysiology of the colorectal SRCC involves an alteration in the function of the RNF43, CDH-1, and SMAD4 genes as well as TGF-B signaling pathways, which are responsible for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and stem cell properties. This also shows a higher rate of BRAF mutation, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and CpG island methylator phenotype positivity

Case presentation:

A 17-year-old female patient with no known comorbidities presented with copious, bright red colored per rectal bleeding along with painful defecation. Colonoscopy revealed an eccentric growth that led to luminal narrowing. Multiple biopsies confirmed a 4 cm × 6 cm neoplastic lesion with locoregional lymphadenopathy, but no metastasis. The patient underwent anterior resection of the rectum, colostomy, and rectal stump closure. The sigmoid colon was resected up to the middle up to the third mesorectum followed by multiple re-explorations.

Discussion:

SRCC presents at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis because signet ring cells infiltrate the mucosa without forming a significant mass, hindering early diagnosis of this carcinoma. Among the previously published large-scale studies, SRCC involves the proximal colon, i.e., the cecum, ascending, and transverse colon. However, our case presents a less common left-sided presentation in a less-commonly presented demographic, a 17-year-old girl. The patient’s non-specific symptoms contributed to a delayed diagnosis. Despite this, the absence of metastasis in our late-diagnosed case is atypical of SRCC.

Conclusion:

SRCC should be considered as a differential diagnosis for young adults presenting with per-rectal bleeding and other common symptoms often seen in frequently diagnosed conditions. Therefore, early diagnosis along with appropriate surgical intervention combined with supportive treatment are important for better patient outcomes.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with Kartagener syndrome having multiple cystic arteries: a case report
Authors: Sadek Anthony , Hojeij Moussa , Abou Sleiman Gaby
Published: November 2024

Introduction and importance:

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare condition that involves transposition of thoracic and abdominal viscera. It is associated with Kartagener syndrome (KS) that comprises a triad of SIT, bronchiectasis, and chronic sinusitis. Considering this anatomical variation, it poses a technical challenge for right-handed surgeons performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This is the only case report for a patient having KS presenting for cholelithiasis found to have multiple cystic arteries during surgery.

Case presentation:

A 55-year-old man with KS, known to have bronchiectasis, presented with nonspecific diffuse upper abdominal pain and positive murphy sign on the left. Biliary colic with cholelithiasis was diagnosed using ultrasound of the abdomen. The patient was admitted to the surgical floor for persistent biliary colic and was planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The cholecystectomy was done by a single right-handed surgeon, and the patient was discharged on the next day.

Clinical discussion:

The American laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique with reversed mirror-image of routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy port sites was adopted. The operative team including the operating surgeon and camera operator were on the patient’s right side, and the laparoscopic devices with the technician nurse were located on the left side for safer dissection and easier access to the different structures. The procedure was complicated by the Calot triangle anatomy variation along with the presence of three cystic arteries and one cystic duct. The surgery was completed within 50 minutes, a shorter duration compared to other reported cases.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with SIT is a challenging, technically demanding procedure due to anatomical inversion and structural variations. The surgeon must modify various technical steps to perform this procedure successfully and dissect the gallbladder and its structures. A good knowledge of anatomy and a skillful dissection intraoperatively remain the gold standards for a successful outcome with minimal complications.
Role of Mast Cell in Hyperalgesic Priming and the Preventive Effect of Electroacupuncture on the Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain
Authors: Ren Junhui , Li Na , Danning Xi , Wei Naixuan , Shao Xiaomei , Liu Boyi , Liang Yi , Du Junying , Jin Xiaomin , Fang Jianqiao , Fang Junfan
Published: November 2024

Objective:

Injury can lead to long-term changes that increase the sensitivity of afferent nerve endings to subsequent stimulation and pain can transition from acute to chronic. This phenomenon is known as hyperalgesic priming (HP). This study aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying the effect of Electroacupuncture (EA) on HP and optimize acupoint selection for EA to prevent pain transition.

Methods:

A rat HP model was established using sequential intraplantar injections of carrageenan (Cg) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The pain thresholds were measured using von Frey filaments. EA on bilateral Zusanli(ST36) and Kunlun(BL60) was used to prevent pain transition. The number of mast cells in the ipsilateral hindpaw skin was determined using toluidine blue or fluorescence-labeled avidin staining. The protein expression levels of protein kinase C (PKCε) in the lumbar dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were detected by western blotting 24 h after PGE2 injection. Serial pharmacological experiments were conducted to evaluate the relationship between mast cells and pain transition. Finally, EA on the bilateral ST36 and Chongyang(ST42) or a novel combination (ST36 and ST42 on the ipsilateral side, and ST36 and BL60 on the contralateral side) was used to prevent pain transition.

Results:

Although EA applied to ST36 and BL60 alleviated acute pain induced by Cg injection, it failed to prevent the pain transition caused by PGE2 injection. Mast cell accumulation in the ipsilateral hind paw was observed 7 days after Cg injection. Furthermore, mast cell degranulation may be responsible for PKCε activation in the DRG, a marker of pain transition. EA significantly decreased the number of mast cells in the skin of the ipsilateral hind paw when applied at ST36 and ST42, but not when applied at ST36 and BL60. Furthermore, EA employed to ST36 and ST42 significantly reversed long-term hyperalgesia induced by PGE2 injection, even when administered before injection. However, EA did not alleviate acute pain caused by Cg injection. By using a novel acupoint combination, EA simultaneously alleviated acute pain and prevented pain transition.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that mast cells play a critical role in both HP and the transition from acute to chronic pain, whereas EA can prevent pain transition by decreasing the number of mast cells in the local tissue.

Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A144.
Multimodal Imaging Of Vitelliform Lesion In Macular Telangiectasia Type 2.
Authors: Pradhan Amrita , Jain Mukesh , Baliarsingh Ankeeta , Chowdhury Ruchira , Mandal Soumava , Ansari Imran , Sen Ahana , Majumdar Bristi , Chattree Surabhi , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate multimodal imaging of vitelliform lesions in macular telangiectasia type 2.

Method:

Color fundus picture (CFP), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA).

Result:

Vitelliform lesions were found in two cases of macular telangiectasia type 2.

Conclusion:

Vitelliform deposits can be present in eyes with macular telangiectasia type 2. Fundus autofluorescence imaging is a highly sensitive modality for detecting vitelliform lesions.