bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Correction of Consecutive Esotropia With Unilateral Medial Rectus Recession
Authors: Adamopoulou Chrysavgi , Rao Rajesh C.
Published: November 2015

Purpose:

Unilateral medial rectus recession is a treatment option to surgically correct consecutive esotropia. This study evaluated the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent unilateral medial rectus recession for the treatment of consecutive esotropia after surgery for intermittent exotropia.

Methods:

The medical records of 16 patients who underwent surgical correction of consecutive esotropia with unilateral medial rectus recession were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with intermittent exotropia who were previously treated with one or multiple surgical procedures (8 bilateral lateral rectus recession, 7 recess-resect procedure, or 1 bilateral medial rectus resection) were included in the study. Three patients were adults and 13 patients were children. The mean age was 5 years for children and 50.3 years for adults. Consecutive esotropia was defined as residual manifest esodeviation of 10 prism diopters (PD) at 6 months postoperatively. Successful correction of consecutive esotropia was defined as the lack of manifest or intermittent tropia and esophoria/exophoria within 8 PD. Patients with monofixational exotropia were excluded from the study.

Results:

Unilateral medial rectus recession was successful in the correction of consecutive esotropia in 10 of 16 cases (62.5%). Six of 16 (37.5%) patients had unsatisfactory postoperative alignment, with 5 patients showing recurrence of exotropia. Only one patient was undercorrected.

Conclusions:

The success rate of surgical correction of consecutive esotropia with single muscle surgery was good. Recurrence of exotropia accounted for most of the failures, and all recurrences occurred in the group of patients initially treated surgically for intermittent exotropia with a recess-resect procedure.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(6):343–347.]
In Vitro Culture as an Aid to Conservation of Indigenous Ferns: Diplazium Proliferum
Authors: Golamaully Zubeir , Bhoyroo Vishwakalyan , Nazurally Nadeem , Gopal Vineshwar
Published: November 2015

With the ever growing population and economic needs of Mauritius, the flora of Mauritius has never been in more danger and one group of vascular plants is even more in peril; ferns. Diplazium proliferum is indigenous to the Mascarene region and is considered as a rare species in Mauritius. The need to develop a tested in vitro propagation protocol is a must to protect the biodiversity of Mauritius. This experiment was geared towards the establishment of a proper sterilization technique and the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and light on in vitro culture of this fern. Sterilization with 0.05% Mercuric chloride was effective to eliminate fungal contamination and allow germination of spores. Culture media supplemented with BAP did not significantly increase growth rate of both gametophytes and sporophytes of D. proliferum. Present results suggest efficient sterilization methods to be a crucial stage for successful in vitro regeneration of ferns. The established protocol will be used as an optimized baseline protocol for the propagation of other indigenous ferns.
‘And behold a ladder’: Descent and ascent in Calvin’s soteriology
Authors: Vorster Nico
Published: November 2015

This article investigates Calvin’s use of the schema of descent and ascent to construct his soteriology. The main argument offered is that Calvin utilises the notion of descent-ascent as a tool to weave together juridical and mystical categories in his soteriology. The descentascent scheme enables him to construct a theocentric soteriology that is personal and dynamic in nature, whilst concrete in ethical application. It also endows his soteriology with a strong pneumatological and eschatological orientation.‘Aanskou die leer’: Neerdaling en opvaring in Calvyn se soteriologie. Hierdie artikel ondersoek Calvyn se gebruik van die neerdaling-opvaringskema in sy soteriologie. Die argument is dat Calvyn hierdie skema as ’n instrument gebruik om die juridiese en mistieke kategorieë in sy soteriologie te integreer. Die neerdaling-opvaringskema stel hom in staat om ’n teosentriese soteriologie te ontwikkel wat persoonlik en dinamies van aard is, maar terselfdertyd konkreet in etiese toepassing. Dit verskaf ook ’n deurslaggewende pneumatologiese en eskatologiese oriëntasie aan sy soteriologie.
A century of the edgewise appliance
Authors: Vaden James L.
Published: November 2015

The edgewise appliance, born in the mind of Dr. Edward Angle and first introduced on June 2, 1925, has withstood the test of almost a century of time and usage. The 022 standard appliance that Angle described in a series of four articles in Dental Cosmos is being used by many orthodontic clinicians in fundamentally the same form as it was presented in 1928 and 1929 in Dental Cosmos. Yes, it has been modified in innumerable ways. However, to use one of the modifications, the clinician must understand and respect the fundamentals of its use. This treatise describes the appliance’s evolution from Angle to its use today. The force system of today is simpler and more refined than what Angle envisioned but the appliance is “intact.” It is as modern as tomorrow and will continue to be used as long as the specialty exists. It was Angle’s greatest contribution.
New concept of physiologic anchorage control
Authors: Xu Tian-Min
Published: November 2015

Molar anchorage loss in extraction case is believed due to the reaction of mechanical force applied to retract anterior teeth. While it may be close to truth in adult patients, it is certainly not true in adolescents. Studies on molar growth show upper molar move forward as mandible growing forward, probably through intercuspation force. Hence, for adolescents, molar anchorage loss shall consist of two parts. One is from retraction force — mechanical anchorage loss; another from biologic force — physiologic anchorage loss. Since physiologic anchorage loss is caused by the continuous biologic force, the strategy of physiologic anchorage control (PAC) is different from the strategy of mechanical anchorage control. A new PAC method is introduced in this article that can reduce the headgear and temporary anchorage device used as sagittal anchorage dramatically in orthodontic clinic.
Skull bone thickness versus malocclusion
Authors: Mahamad Iqbal D. K. , Amin Vivek B. , Mascarenhas Rohan , Husain Akther
Published: November 2015

Objective

The objectives of this study were to determine the thickness of skull bones, namely frontal, parietal, and occipital bones in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients.

Materials and Methods

Three hundred subjects who reported to the Department of Orthodontics requiring orthodontic treatment within the age group 17-35 were selected for the study. They were subdivided into three groups of 100 each according to the skeletal and dental relation. Profile radiographs were taken and the tracings were then scanned, and uploaded to the MATLAB 7.6.0 (R 2008a) software. The total surface areas of the individual bones were estimated by the software, which represented the thickness of each bone.

Result

Frontal bone was the thickest in Class III malocclusion group and the thinnest in Class II malocclusion group. But the parietal and occipital bone thickness were not significant. During gender differentiation in Class I, malocclusion group frontal bone thickness was more in males than females, In Class II, malocclusion parietal bone thickness was more in males than females. No statistically significant difference exists between genders, in Class III malocclusion group. During inter-comparison, the frontal bone thickness was significant when compared with Class I and Class II malocclusion groups and Class II and Class III malocclusion groups.

Conclusion

The differences in skull thickness in various malocclusions can be used as an adjunct in diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic patients. It was found that the new method (MATLAB 7.6.0 [R 2008a] software) of measuring skull thickness was easier, faster, precise, and accurate.
An evaluation and comparison of the shear bond strength of two newly formulated primer systems with a conventional primer system under different conditions: An in vitro study
Authors: John Jacob , Kumar Jithesh , Kumar Kishore , Solanki Vandana , Puttaswamy Vinay
Published: November 2015

Aims and Objectives

This study was carried to evaluate the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with self-etching primer and moisture insensitive primer (MIP) and compare it with the conventional adhesive system.

Materials and Methods

A total of 90 extracted human premolar teeth were selected and divided into three groups of 30 teeth each with two sub groups (dry and wet), of 15 teeth each. Each group was bonded with three different types of bonding systems namely visible light cure Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, MIP and Transbond XT. These groups were named SD, MD and CD in dry conditions and SW, MW and CW in wet condition and each of these groups were color coded. The shear bond strength of the bonding system in each group was tested using Universal testing machine Instron (Instron model:4206, Instron Corporation, USA).

Results

In dry condition all three groups showed good bond strength. Self-etch primer showed the average highest bond strength, followed by Transbond XT and then MIP. In wet condition MIP has highest bond strength, followed by self-etching primer and Transbond XT.

Conclusion

Under dry conditions conventional primer is the material of choice. Under wet conditions, MIP showed the highest bond strength and hence can be considered to be a material of choice.
Mini-screws, a viable adjunct along with Incognito lingual appliance: A case series
Authors: Lin Wei , Fiona Pang K. K , Sukie Wong U. T , Doshi Viraj
Published: November 2015

Invisible orthodontics have been around for too long, and with the advent of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology appliances such as IncognitoTM has made the whole treatment experience more pleasant and aesthetic. However, even in lingual orthodontics, biomechanics play the most important role, and the use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) has made the whole treatment more effective and efficient. This article focuses on cases where TADs in lingual appliances play a critical role in the treatment of various malocclusions.
Excellence in lingual orthodontics: Its challenges and solutions — The iLingual three-dimensional low-profile tandem slot
Authors: Kothari Jignesh
Published: November 2015

Since its inception in 2007 as a stock bracket design the iLingual braces had evolved over the years to a completely customized lingual orthodontic appliance. The demand for maximum individualization is met by using state-of-the-art computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing technology incorporating the bracket design into a complete digital workflow. Additional advantages of the system include complete three-dimensional control with tandem slot, direct and thus simplified rebonding in the event of bracket loss, more precise finishing, and enhanced patient comfort.
Importance of orthodontic movement in interdisciplinary treatment for restoring esthetics and functional occlusion
Authors: Guimarães Júnior Carlos Henrique , da Silva Luz Simone , Henriques Rafael Pinelli , Pieri Lucelma Vilela , Borali Rodrigo , Moura Wilana Silva
Published: November 2015

This article describes interdisciplinary treatment conducted in adult patients, 49-year-old, with periodontal problems, losses and dental inclination, occlusal trauma, localized bone loss, and necessity of rehabilitation with dental implants. Alignment and leveling of the teeth, the molars uprighting with cantilever, and space closure were performed the treatment was facilitated by periodic periodontal control. The resultant occlusion was stable throughout a 5-year retention period. In conclusion, interdisciplinary treatment combined with periodontics, orthodontics, implantodontist, and restorative dentistry was useful for improving the patient’s oral health, function, and esthetics.
Valoración de autocuidados en el acceso vascular para hemodiálisis
Authors: Sancho Cantus David , García Araque José Luis
Published: November 2015

Introducción: Diversos estudios han evidenciado la falta de formación y en consecuencia la falta de autocuidados en los pacientes renales sometidos a hemodiálisis y con acceso vascular. La enfermería debe asumir su rol de entrenadora de pacientes crónicos para que alcancen una situación de equilibrio entre sus deseos y lo que deben hacer, para que así puedan asumir la responsabilidad en la autoprovisión de los cuidados básicos del mismo. El objetivo fue evaluar los conocimientos que tiene el paciente sobre las necesidades de cuidado de su acceso vascular.
Metodología: El presente estudio se realizó en el Centro de Hemodiálisis Fresenius Sagunto situado en la población de Canet D'en Berenguer (Valencia).Se utilizaron dos instrumentos de medición; un cuestionario para pacientes con fístula arteriovenosa, y otro para pacientes con catéter venoso central, donde se incluyen aspectos generales del autocuidado, acciones para mantener el acceso vascular en óptimas condiciones y medidas generales de aplicación en caso de emergencia. Los cuestionaros fueron recogidos durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de junio y el 5 de junio del 2015. Se realizó un muestreo por selección intencionada y se consiguió la colaboración de 57 pacientes.
Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos de autocuidados del acceso vascular de los pacientes fue alto en la mayoría de los casos. Los pacientes fueron predominantemente de sexo masculino, pertenecientes a la tercera edad, de estado civil casado, tenían un nivel de estudios básicos, tenían una fístula arteriovenosa como acceso vascular y disponían de bastante experiencia y tiempo de tratamiento.
Conclusiones: Obtenemos como conclusión final que la hipótesis planteada: "una deficiencia de autocuidados del paciente del centro de hemodiálisis Fresenius Sagunto sobre su AV como consecuencia de un déficit de conocimientos" no se cumple en la muestra de pacientes estudiados.
Factores asociados a calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes trasplantados de riñón
Authors: Pérez Blancas Carolina , Moyano  Espadero Mª Carmen , Estepa del Árbol Miriam , Crespo Montero Rodolfo
Published: November 2015

Introducción: El Trasplante Renal es la terapia renal sustitutiva que proporciona mayores beneficios a los pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica Terminal. Aún así, el paciente que ha recibido un injerto renal, sigue siendo un enfermo crónico que no tiene resueltos sus problemas de salud y cuya calidad de vida está asociada con diferentes factores que pueden influir en la misma.
Objetivo: Conocer la producción científica sobre la CVRS del paciente TR.
Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Académico, Scielo y Scopus. Se incluyeron artículos científicos escritos en inglés y español. Posteriormente se analizaron los artículos que trataban sobre la calidad de vida en el paciente trasplantado renal, excluyendo aquellos artículos que no presentaban resultados o no aportaban suficientes datos y aquellos que tenían como objeto de estudio pacientes pediátricos.
Resultados: Se han incluido en esta revisión 42 artículos publicados entre el año 2000 y 2015. La mayoría de los estudios son trasversales y observacionales descriptivos y el Short Form-36 Health Survey es el instrumento más usado. Las variables estudiadas han sido género, edad, estado civil, nivel de estudios, datos bioquímicos, empleo, ingresos, tratamiento inmunosupresor, problemas psicológicos, diagnóstico principal, tiempo post TR, tiempo en diálisis, trasplante vivo vs cadáver y comorbilidades. Los datos que han mostrado correlación significativa sobre CVRS han sido género, estado civil, ingresos, nivel de estudios, datos bioquímicos, tratamiento, tiempo en diálisis y comorbilidades.
Conclusiones: A la vista de estos resultados podemos afirmar que los factores que influyen de manera positiva sobre la CVRS son el sexo masculino, estar casado o tener pareja, alto nivel de estudios, niveles elevados de hemoglobina y hematocrito, y trasplante renal procedente de donante vivo. El TR presenta mejor CVRS que los pacientes en HD y DP, pero peor que la de la población general. Estos resultados se muestran independientes del instrumento usado para medir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.
Prevalencia y evaluación de síntomas en enfermedad renal crónica avanzada
Authors: Gutiérrez Sánchez Daniel , Leiva-Santos Juan P. , Sánchez-Hernández Rosa , Gómez García Rafael
Published: November 2015

El paciente con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (ERCA) presenta una elevada carga de síntomas que contribuyen a un aumento del sufrimiento y disminuyen su calidad de vida. El uso de instrumentos de evaluación es esencial para el control de síntomas. El objetivo de esta revisión es obtener una visión contrastada de los instrumentos más usados para evaluar síntomas en ERCA, realizando una descripción de la prevalencia de síntomas en esta población. Método: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura publicada sobre estudios en los que se utilizara algún instrumento para medir la intensidad de varios síntomas en pacientes con ERCA. La búsqueda se realizó en Pubmed, Cochrane, SciELO, TESEO, PROQOLID y BiblioPRO. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudios realizados con pacientes en ERCA, que evaluaran la sintomatología con algún instrumento de medición de síntomas, y que además, indicaran la prevalencia de varios síntomas. Resultados: Los instrumentos identificados fueron el Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Short Form(MSAS-SF), el Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI), el Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) y el Palliative care Outcome Scale-Symptoms Renal (POS-S RENAL). En pacientes adultos con ERCA sometidos a tratamiento renal sustitutivo con hemodiálisis y diálisis peritoneal, los síntomas más prevalentes fueron el cansancio, prurito, estreñimiento, anorexia, dolor, alteraciones del sueño, ansiedad, disnea, nauseas, piernas inquietas, y depresión. Éstos síntomas fueron similares en pacientes con manejo renal conservador, y presentaron un patrón común con la sintomatología de otras enfermedades avanzadas. Concluimos que existe necesidad de investigar sobre prevalencia y evaluación de síntomas en esta población, y que el uso sistemático de los instrumentos específicos de evaluación de síntomas como medida de resultados es fundamental.
Una mirada virtual al pasado: recreación del castillo de Montefrío en época nazarí
Authors: Valdivia García Miguel
Published: November 2015

Drawing is a necessary tool to deepen in the knowledge of the objects studied. This tool has been widened and favoured with the fast development of the 3D
modeling technologies and realistic photo rendering, because the level of knowledge we can extract from the objects is higher when we are offered far more graphical resources. The recreation of the castle of Montefrío in the nazarí age is an instance of the use of the infographic techniques applied to the historical knowledge and its diffusion. For this project of 3D animation the render elements have been used , which is based on de-built the render in its main elements, allowing a great control and flexibility in the workflow of the project and during the phase of postproduction of CG images.
Modelos virtuales entorno al Territorio Vetón; hacia una visualización del pasado accesible para todos los públicos.
Authors: Romero Serra Mireia , Rojo Ariza M. Carmen , Martínez Gil Tania
Published: November 2015

This article offers the preliminary results of a project carried out by experts of computers as well as designers and archaeologists for the creation of realistic 3D models of Vetton Culture architectures based on the data recorded during excavations. The present example is focused specifically on the so-called castros (Iron Age settlements) of Castillo de Saldeana (Saldeana), Lugar Viejo (Yecla de Yeltes) and Las Merchanas (Lumbrales).
Desarrollo de Proyectos Europeos: SYDDARTA
Authors: Sanjuan Sanz Yolanda , Granero Montagud Luis , Díaz Gómez Francisco
Published: November 2015

SYDDARTA is an European-range project, under the 7ht framework program, focused on the development of a hyper-spectral based 3D digitizing system. The consortium is led by AIDO, Technological Institute for Optics in Valencia, and has members of 8 countries from the European Union. The technological base of the prototype to-be-developed is the combination of the pattern projection 3D digitizing technique, that generates the 3D shape of the object analyzed, and the hyperspectral vision technique, that makes possible to perform chemical and structural analysis from the data taken from the interior layers of the object analyzed, an information that is provided by the penetration capability of the non visible wavelengths used (mainly infra-red).
In search of a representation of the Gavrinis megalithic tomb (Morbihan, France)
Authors: Cassen Serge , Lescop Laurent , Grimaud Valentin , Querré Guirec , Suner Bruno
Published: November 2015

Gavrinis, on the estuary of the river Vannes (Brittany, France), is known for the extraordinary abundance of engravings preserved on the monolithic wall pillars and capstone. Our objective is to re-qualify these representations using a new frame of reference, based on a new corpus of engraved signs, including their architectural context and position in the volume of the rock. Recording of the topographical, archaeological, petrographic and acoustic data of the cairn and the passage grave provides a representation of both architecture and engraved and painted signs
Herramientas CAD/CAE en la caracterización tecnológica del Patrimonio Histórico Industrial: Aplicación a una prensa de aceite de oliva
Authors: Rojas Sola José Ignacio , Castro García Miguel , Carranza Cañadas Mª del Pilar , Contreras Anguita Francisco Javier
Published: November 2015

The olive tree with its fruit, the olive, has been throughout history a culture whose importance has generated a widespread culture along the Mediterranean Sea. Since the days of ancient Egypt until today, its transformation to the consumption of olives, table olives or vegetable fat, has evolved hand in hand with contemporary techniques known. As for obtaining olive oil, fruit or the pressing of the pulp obtained after milling, is a critical point in its manufacture. This process is the goal of this communication which will present a technical analysis of an oil press. This is expected to achieve greater depth of knowledge of the techniques employed in the sector of olive oil.
Metodología de Reconstrucción Virtual de Patrimonio Arqueológico
Authors: Aranda Piñero Leticia
Published: November 2015

This document explains the methodology followed in a particular case, and that could be applied in any case, the virtual reconstruction o architectural heritage or archaeological.
The steps are: modeling, in which we get the volumes of the building, the application of materials (color, texture, gloss, transparency,... ), introduction of natural and artificial lighting in the digital model, and the introduction of cameras to get different views of the building.
Fractales en Arqueología: aplicación en la pintura rupestre de sitios del México prehispánico.
Authors: Lara Galicia Aline
Published: November 2015

This study exposed analysis fractal by the dimension D in the rock art. The Fractals is a new tool in the software application and digital photography
for the recognition of raw materials, the study of its form, degradation, specific parts of paint, and providing new data the virtual reconstruction.
The analyzes focus on various pictorial sets of the region Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico; region where are concentrated more than 100 caves, comparing 74 images to analyze the various pictorial traditions.
The structure fractal describes the dimension of the represented objects, not only according to its space where the figure is placed, but the possibility of being a fraction in which all the surfaces can be observed (rock, paint).
Aplicación de las TIC en el área de la Arqueología Virtual para alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales en la etapa de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria
Authors: Husillos García Mª Luz
Published: November 2015

Today's society is convinced that quality education must reach all young people, without exclusions. In this regard, the Secundary Education emphasizes the fact of catering for diversity.
Proper training will enable greater personal and social development, so that students can integrate in an increasingly demanding society. In this context, the New Technologies of Information and Communication facilitate both teaching and learning. One of them, Virtual Archaeology, the enables the conversion of historical legacy into real and powerful resources to support school and, consequently, society.
El Título de Especialista Universitario en Virtualización del Patrimonio de la Universidad de Alicante. Propuesta formativa.
Authors: Molina Vidal Jaime , Esclapés Jover Francisco Javier , Tejerina Antón Daniel , Fabregat Bolufer Laia
Published: November 2015

The University of Alicante has organized the first edition of a specialist degree in Cultural Heritage Virtualization during the academic year 2011-2012. In this
paper we intend to show the basis for this project and the program itself. Finally, and from the experience of the first edition, we explain the strategic plan we have defined for the development of future editions, as well as changes that have been introduced, especially in the learning method (offering the option to follow the course online) and the international expansion strategy.
The virtual journey through history: from projects to building phases of one of the most famous baroque Royal Palace in the UNESCO’s World Heritage List
Authors: Biondi Elena , Bovero Alessandro
Published: November 2015

In this paper we present an experience designed to introduce virtual reality and computer graphic modeling as representing tools in all phases of interpretation, analysis, reconstruction and communication of archaeological and historical researches on Venaria Reale Complex. Ten three-dimensional CG reconstructions represent exterior shapes of the Complex corresponding its five major building phases: the relationship between the old town centre, the Royal Complex and its Gardens has been consistently the result of an unified vision. The virtual pass into the history of that site since seventeenth century to the present has been realized with careful virtual camera flight through 3D reconstructions. The main purpose for the final video was to highlight the most significant elements that mark urban and architectural evolutions.
Capiteles sevillanos. Técnicas avanzadas para su documentación gráfica
Authors: Molero Alonso B. , Barrera Vera J.A. , Cabrera Revuelta E.
Published: November 2015

Recent developments in the field of documentation of cultural heritage using digital photogrammetry and scanning have led to a renewed interest in techniques and processes that are being used to get geometric models of heritage. So far, however, there has been little discussion about the definition of standardized processes in order to ensure homogeneity and interoperability.
On the other hand, very valuable information of the buildings is contained by capitals. The aim of our research is to get a protocol in the documentation of this kind of architectural elements, through the use and comparison of new technologies in the graphic documentation. For this purpose, we have used photogrammetric techniques and optical scanners in order to obtain field data, specialized software management and modeling point clouds for the development of textured 3D models and graphic design software that allows us to analyze and disseminate the results.
“El camino hacia el Santuario Incaico del Llullaillaco”: el complejo arqueológico más alto del mundo analizado a través de un SIG.
Authors: Mignone Pablo
Published: November 2015

As a contribution to the high altitude Inca archaeology we made surveys in the base, intermediate heights and the surroundings of the Llullaillaco volcano, with the purpose of elucidating the paths followed by the ancient worshippers in their approachment to the shrine. Through a GIS platform we made a distributional analysis in order to find a terrain occupational pattern. As a result, we determined that the archaeological sites that were found in our surveys and the ones that form the Llullaillaco complex are located along the optimal path for approaching and ascending to the summit.
The Economics of Radical Uncertainty
Authors: Ormerod Paul
Published: November 2015

In situations of what we now describe as radical uncertainty, the core model of agent behaviour, of rational autonomous agents with stable preferences, is not useful. Instead, a different principle, in which the decisions of an agent are based directly on the decisions and strategies of other agents, is offered as a relevant core model. Preferences are not stable, but evolve. It is not a special case in such circumstances, but the general one. The author provides empirical evidence to suggest that as a description of behaviour in the modern world, economic rationality is applicable in a declining number of situations. He discusses models drawn from the modern literature on cultural evolution in which imitation of others is the basic strategy, and suggests a heuristic way of classifying situations in which the different models are relevant. The key point is that in situations where radical uncertainty is present, we require theoretical ‘null’ models of agent behaviour which are different from those of economic rationality. Under uncertainty, fundamentally different behavioural rules are ‘rational’. The author gives an example of a very simple pure sentiment model of the business cycle, in which agents use very simple heuristic decision rules. It is nevertheless capable of approximating a number of deep features of output growth over the cycle.
Resonance as a Social Phenomenon
Authors: Miller Vincent
Published: November 2015

This paper is a theoretical investigation into the question of affinity and belonging in everyday life contexts. I argue that Sociology had tended to focus attention on the conceptual binaries of ‘individual/community’ or ‘individual/social structure’ when discussing experiences of inclusion, solidarity or belonging in social life. This has meant that such experiences are generally conceived in terms of ‘a part of’ or ‘apart from’. Such a focus has meant that incidents of belonging or affinity which lie between these extremes and which may be intense, intimate and meaningful, but at the same time fluid, ephemeral or tenuous tend to escape sociological analysis. Largely inspired by sociological phenomenology, but multi-disciplinary in nature, this paper will try to address this issue by positing ‘resonance’ as a useful concept by which sociologists and social scientists more generally, can engage with the more fluid forms of belonging and affinity achieved in everyday life contexts.
Talking the Talk and Fitting In: Troubling the Practices of Speaking? ‘What you are Worth’ in Higher Education in the UK
Authors: Addison Michelle , Victoria  , Mountford G.
Published: November 2015

In this article we raise questions about fitting in pertaining to various classed identities within two UK Higher Education Institutions (HEI). We discuss the pains and privileges attached to accent and ways of speaking worth: Who is able to mobilize and capitalize on inscribed values, as they come to be attached to ways of talking? Accents and ways of talking are part of embodied class identities and whilst some carry connotations of intelligence, other ways of talking are positioned as lacking value, as well as other cultural meanings ( Sayer 2002 ; Spencer, Clegg and Stackhouse 2013 ; Lawler 1999 ; Skeggs 1997 ; Southerton 2002 ; Taylor 2007 ; Macfarlane and Stuart-Smith 2012 ). In this article we discuss our empirical research carried out in two separate qualitative ESRC-funded research projects in the north of England with undergraduate students (Victoria Mountford) and university staff (Michelle Addison). Focusing primarily on white British ways of talking, we examine how embodying particular accents or ways of talking affect classed notions of ‘fitting in’ or ‘standing out’ (Reay et al 2009: 1; Abraham and Ingram 2013 ) in HE. In a climate of uncertainty in Higher Education we are concerned that the importance of demonstrating one's impact, value and worth comes down to more than just productivity, it is becoming demonstrably about being able to ‘talk the talk’. Here we trouble the practices of speaking ‘what you are worth’.
Mothering and ‘insider’ Dilemmas: Feminist Sociologists in the Research Process
Authors: Cooper Linda , Rogers Chrissie
Published: November 2015

This paper is about care, insider positions and mothering within feminist research. We ask questions about how honest, ethical and caring can we really be in placing the self into the research process as mothers ourselves. Should we leave out aspects of the research that do not fit neatly and how ethical can we claim to be if we do? Moreover, should difficult differences, secrets and silences that emerge from the research process and research stories that might ‘out’ us as failures be excluded from research outcomes so as to claim legitimate research? We consider the use of a feminist methods as crucial in the reciprocal and relational understanding of personal enquiry. Mothers invest significant emotional capital in their families and we explore the blurring of the interpersonal and intrapersonal when sharing mothering experiences common to both participant and researcher. Indeed participants can identify themselves within the process as ‘friends’ of the researcher. We both have familiarity within our respective research that has led to mutual understanding of having insider positions. Crucially individuals’ realities are a vital component of the qualitative paradigm and that ‘insider’ research remains a necessary, albeit messy vehicle in social research. As it is we consider a growing body of literature which marks out and endorses a feminist ethics of care. All of which critique established ways of thinking about ethics, morality, security, citizenship and care. It provides alternatives in mapping private and public aspects of social life as it operates at a theoretical level, but importantly for this paper also at the level of practical application.
‘It's Just Such a Class Thing’: Rivalry and Class Distinction between Female Fans of Men's Football and Rugby Union
Authors: Pope Stacey
Published: November 2015

This article draws on 85 interviews with female fans of men's football and rugby union to explore sporting preferences and social class in one locale in Britain. Although it has been widely contended that social class is no longer a major source of people's identity and people will usually deny class identities, these findings demonstrate that sport can operate as a unique space in which people openly discuss class distinctions. The findings examine the perceived class differences between football and rugby union fans and rivalry between respective groups of supporters. There is very little work on the cross sport perceptions of sports fans so this article makes an original contribution to sociological research.
The EU's Racial Equality Directive and the Evolution of Discourse in the Field of the Fight against Discrimination. a Comparison between France, the UK and Spain
Authors: Hamman Philippe , Frank Cécile
Published: November 2015

This paper assesses the extent of the convergence of public policies purporting to combat racial discriminations in Europe by focusing on the cases of France, the UK and Spain. It shows that the influence of ‘national models’ remains powerful even when the implementation of a common policy instrument such as a European directive is at stake - in this instance the Racial Equality Directive of 29 June, 2000. Having outlined the reasons for focusing on this directive, we propose a synthesis of sociological and political science studies on the subject and present our comparative methodological approach in detail. We focus on the language employed to present the discrimination problem in all three countries under study. We first examine the French case and retrace the progressive evolution of the rhetoric used, from an emphasis on the fight against racism to equal opportunities and the promotion of diversity. Having thus observed the medium-term impact of national socio-political dynamics on a European frame of reference for action, we introduce a comparison with Spain and the UK, relying on documents produced by European institutions.
Physical Cultures of Stigmatisation: Health Policy & Social Class
Authors: Rich Emma , De Pian Laura , Francombe-Webb Jessica
Published: November 2015

In recent years, the increasing regulation of people's health and bodies has been exacerbated by a contemporary ‘obesity discourse’ centred on eating less, exercising more and losing weight. This paper contributes to the growing body of work critically examining this discourse and highlights the way physical activity and health policy directed at ‘tackling’ the obesity ‘crisis’ in the UK articulates numerous powerful discourses that operate to legitimise and privilege certain ways of knowing and usher forth certain desirable forms of embodiment. This has given greater impetus to further define the role of physical activity, sport and physical education as instruments for addressing public health agendas. It is argued that these policies have particular implications for social class through their constitution of (un)healthy and (in)active ‘working class’ bodies. One of the most powerful forms of stigmatisation and discrimination circulating within contemporary health emerges when the social and cultural tensions of social class intersect with obesity discourse and its accompanying imperatives related to physical activity and diet. This raises some important questions about the future of sport and physical activity as it is shaped by the politics of broader health agendas and our position within this terrain as ‘critics’. Consequently, the latter part of the paper offers reflections on the nature and utility of our (and others’) social science critique in the politics of obesity and articulates the need for crossing disciplinary and sectoral borders.
An ‘Anti-Sectarian’ Act? Examining the Importance of National Identity to the ‘Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act’
Authors: May Anthony
Published: November 2015

The 2010-11 football season in Scotland was affected by many incidents of violence and threatening behaviour. Fans of the two Glasgow clubs, Celtic and Rangers, were involved in the majority of these incidents. Players and officials of Celtic were targeted by Loyalist terrorists and sent bullets through the post. The Scottish government felt that many of the incidents were motivated by religious, ethnic, and national hatred, and introduced an Act of Parliament in order to tackle the problems that had arisen. The ‘Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act’ came into law on 1 March 2012, representing a governmental judgement that Scottish football is negatively affected by inter-communal tension. The Act criminalises violent incidents and threatening behaviour related to the expression of religious hatred towards football fans, players, and officials. It also explicitly targets expressions of hatred on ethnic and national grounds. This is significant because in the contemporary era, much of what is termed ‘sectarianism’ in Scotland is directly related to national identity, particularly British and Irish identities. The modern iconography of Celtic and Rangers has comparatively little to do with religion, and relates to differing visions of Scotland, the United Kingdom, and the island of Ireland. Incidents that are termed ‘sectarian’ are often best examined through the prism of nationalism, for in contemporary Scotland it is national identity that is most significant to those who perpetrate the actions that the Act seeks to tackle.
Comparison of eddy covariance and modified Bowen ratio methods for measuring gas fluxes and implications for measuring fluxes of persistent organic pollutants
Authors: Bolinius D. J. , Jahnke A. , MacLeod M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Semi-volatile persistent organic pollutants (POPs) cycle between the atmosphere and terrestrial surfaces, however measuring fluxes of POPs between the atmosphere and other media is challenging. Sampling times of hours to days are required to accurately measure trace concentrations of POPs in the atmosphere, which rules out the use of eddy covariance techniques that are used to measure gas fluxes of major air pollutants. An alternative, the modified Bowen ratio (MBR) method, has been used instead. In this study we used data from FLUXNET for CO2 and water vapor (H2O) to compare fluxes measured by eddy covariance to fluxes measured with the MBR method using vertical concentration gradients in air derived from averaged data that simulates the long sampling times typically required to measure POPs. When concentration gradients are strong and fluxes are unidirectional, the MBR method and the eddy covariance method agree within a factor of 3 for CO2, and within a factor of 10 for H2O. To remain within the range of applicability of the MBR method field, studies should be carried out under conditions such that the direction of net flux does not change during the sampling period. If that condition is met then the performance of the MBR method is not strongly affected by the length of sample duration nor the use of a fixed value for the transfer coefficient.
Profiling of aerosol microphysical properties at several EARLINET/AERONET sites during July 2012 ChArMEx/EMEP campaign
Authors: Granados-Muñoz M. J. , Navas-Guzmán F. , Guerrero-Rascado J. L. , Bravo-Aranda J. A. , Binietoglou I. , Pereira S. N. , Basart S. , Baldasano J. M. , Belegante L. , Chaikovsky A. , Comerón A. , D'Amico G. , Dubovik O. , Ilic L. , Kokkalis P. , Muñoz-Porcar C. , Nickovic S. , Nicolae D. , Olmo F. J. , Papayannis A. , Pappalardo G. , Rodríguez A. , Schepanski K. , Sicard M. , Vukovic A. , Wandinger U. , Dulac F. , Alados-Arboledas L.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The analysis of aerosol microphysical properties profiles at different European stations is made in the framework of the ChArMEx/EMEP 2012 field campaign (9–11 July 2012). During and in support to this campaign, five lidar ground-based stations (Athens, Barcelona, Bucharest, Évora and Granada) performed 72 h of continuous lidar and collocated and coincident sun-photometer measurements. Therefore it was possible to retrieve volume concentration profiles with the Lidar Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC). Results indicated the presence of a mineral dust plume affecting the Western Mediterranean region (mainly Granada station) whereas a different aerosol plume was observed over the Balkans area. LIRIC profiles showed a predominance of coarse spheroid particles above Granada, as expected for mineral dust, and an aerosol plume composed mainly of fine and coarse spherical particles above Athens and Bucharest. Due to the exceptional characteristics of the ChArMEx database, the analysis of the microphysical properties profiles temporal evolution was also possible. An in depth analysis was performed mainly at Granada station because of the availability of continuous lidar measurements and frequent AERONET inversion retrievals. The analysis at Granada was of special interest since the station was affected by mineral dust during the complete analyzed period. LIRIC was found to be a very useful tool for performing continuous monitoring of mineral dust, allowing for the analysis of the dynamics of the dust event in the vertical and temporal coordinates. Results obtained here illustrate the importance of having collocated and simultaneous advanced lidar and sun-photometer measurements in order to characterize the aerosol microphysical properties both in the vertical and temporal coordinates at a regional scale. In addition, this study revealed that the use of the depolarization information as input in LIRIC in the stations of Bucharest, Évora and Granada was crucial for the characterization of the aerosol types and their distribution in the vertical column, whereas in stations lacking of depolarization lidar channels ancillary information was needed. Results obtained were also used for the validation of different mineral dust models. In general, the models better forecast the vertical distribution of the mineral dust than the column integrated mass concentration, which was underestimated in most of the cases.
EARLINET Single Calculus Chain – overview on methodology and strategy
Authors: D'Amico G. , Amodeo A. , Baars H. , Binietoglou I. , Freudenthaler V. , Mattis I. , Wandinger U. , Pappalardo G.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. In this paper we describe the EARLINET Single Calculus Chain (SCC), a tool for the automatic analysis of lidar measurements. The development of this tool started in the framework of EARLINET-ASOS (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network – Advanced Sustainable Observation System); it was extended within ACTRIS (Aerosol, Clouds and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network), and it is continuing within ACTRIS-2. The main idea was to develop a data processing chain that allows all EARLINET stations to retrieve, in a fully automatic way, the aerosol backscatter and extinction profiles starting from the raw lidar data of the lidar systems they operate. The calculus subsystem of the SCC is composed of two modules: a pre-processor module which handles the raw lidar data and corrects them for instrumental effects and an optical processing module for the retrieval of aerosol optical products from the pre-processed data. All input parameters needed to perform the lidar analysis are stored in a database to keep track of all changes which may occur for any EARLINET lidar system over the time. The two calculus modules are coordinated and synchronized by an additional module (daemon) which makes the whole analysis process fully automatic. The end user can interact with the SCC via a user-friendly web interface. All SCC modules are developed using open-source and freely available software packages. The final products retrieved by the SCC fulfill all requirements of the EARLINET quality assurance programs on both instrumental and algorithm levels. Moreover, the manpower needed to provide aerosol optical products is greatly reduced and thus the near-real-time availability of lidar data is improved. The high-quality of the SCC products is proven by the good agreement between the SCC analysis, and the corresponding independent manual retrievals. Finally, the ability of the SCC to provide high-quality aerosol optical products is demonstrated for an EARLINET intense observation period.