bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
12 years active surveillance for pediatric pleural empyema in a Mexican hospital: effectiveness of pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine, and early emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chacon-Cruz Enrique , Rivas-Landeros Rosa Maria , Volker-Soberanes Maria Luisa , Lopatynsky-Reyes Erika Zoe , Becka Chandra , Alvelais-Palacios Jorge Arturo
Published: April 2019

Background:

Previous publications have proved the effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pneumococcal pleural empyema (PnPE) in children, with little emergence of other pathogens. We searched the literature to establish whether PCV13 reduces PnPE, and to identify other pathogens causing pleural empyemas (PEs).

Material and methods:

From October 2005 to January 2018 (12.3 years) we performed active surveillance for all cases of PE at the General Hospital of Tijuana, Mexico. Isolates from pleural fluid (PF) were identified by conventional culture, and since 2014, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was added for all culture-negative PFs. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes were detected by either Quellung reaction (Statens Serum Institute®) or PCR. Clinical, imagenological, laboratorial and microbiological evaluation was performed on each patient. Statistical analysis was purely descriptive.

Results:

A total of 64 PEs were identified (5.28/year). Median age was 51 months (1–191), hospitalization days 18 (4–35). Decortication was performed in 42%, and two children died (3.2%). Bacterial identification was obtained from 51 (80%). S. pneumoniae was the leading cause (29 = 56.8%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (14 = 27.4%), Streptococcus pyogenes (3–5 = 9%) and others (5 = 9.8%). PCV13 was initiated in May 2012, and its impact on serotype-specific PnPE was 81% (much fewer than serotype 3) and for all PnPE 56.1%; however, for all PE −2.1% due to an increase of PE caused by S. aureus for all but one methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).

Conclusions:

Following 12.3 years of active surveillance, PCV13 has shown impact on both serotype-specific and all PnPEs; however, an increase of PEs by MRSA has emerged. Continuous surveillance is crucial to establish whether this epidemiological finding is transitory or not.
Attenuation compensation for time-reversal imaging in VTI media
Authors: Bai Tong , Zhu Tieyuan , Tsvankin Ilya
Published: April 2019

Time reversal is a key component in reverse-time migration (RTM) and source localization using wavefield extrapolation. The successful implementation of time reversal depends on the time symmetry (reversibility) of the wave equation in acoustic and elastic media. This symmetry in time, however, is no longer valid in attenuative media, and attenuation is often anisotropic. Here, we employ a viscoelastic anisotropic wave equation that decouples the influence of energy dissipation and velocity dispersion. That equation helps compensate for anisotropic attenuation and restore the time symmetry by changing the signs of the dissipation-dominated terms in time-reversed propagation, while keeping the dispersion-related terms unchanged. We test the [Formula: see text]-compensated time-reversal imaging algorithm on synthetic microseismic data from a 2D transversely isotropic medium with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI). After back-propagating multicomponent data acquired in a vertical borehole, we image microseismic sources using wavefield focusing. The source excitation times are estimated by picking the maximum amplitude of the squared shear strain component [Formula: see text] at the source locations. Accounting for attenuation anisotropy produces superior source images and more accurate excitation times compared to those obtained without attenuation compensation or with purely isotropic attenuation coefficients. The algorithm is also applied to a modified BP TI model to investigate the influence of such factors as survey geometry, errors in velocity and attenuation, noise, and limited aperture.
Staff Perspectives Toward Challenges in a Newly Established Cancer Center in Tanzania: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alwash Zainab , Henke Oliver , Serventi Furaha , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

Cancer is a growing public health concern in low-income countries (LICs). From 14 million new patient cases identified worldwide each year, 8 million are diagnosed in LICs. The fatality rate is 75% in LICs compared with 46% in high-income countries. Causes are low literacy levels, lack of awareness and knowledge about cancer, and limited education of health care professionals that leads to late detection and diagnosis. In Tanzania, cancer incidence will double to 60,000 in 2030. The referral hospital of Northern Tanzania established a new cancer unit in December 2016 to meet these needs. However, there is limited knowledge about perceptions of health care professionals toward cancer care in LICs. This study aims to understand attitudes and perspectives of those professionals and the treatment-related challenges in a newly established center to assist future efforts in this field.

METHODS

A qualitative method approach using in-depth interviews was chosen to achieve inductive conceptualization. Analysis of data was performed according to qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS

Eleven interviews were conducted. Five main categories were found: training and education of staff, availability of financial support, challenges in management, interests in future developments, and job satisfaction. Subcategories elaborated in more detail within the main categories.

CONCLUSION

Limitations in staffing, training, and education were major concerns. The importance of sustainable funding and the needed cooperation of the government with international aid were identified as key points. The involvement of different stakeholders requires guidance by health care management. Health care professionals expressed their satisfaction with the possibilities of treating cancer and the rewarding feedback from patients. Misconceptions and poor knowledge by patients were mentioned as reasons for delayed health-seeking behavior. Screening and awareness programs were seen as useful interventions.
Perception of the risk of medicinal marijuana in postgraduate medical residents
Authors: Castillo-Guzmán Sandra , Palacios Ríos Dionicio , Nava Obregón Teresa Adriana , Becerril Gaitàn Daniela Alejandra , Juangorena García Keren  Daniela , Domínguez  Romero Danya Carolina , Reyes Rodríguez Misael Jerónimo
Published: April 2019

Background: Drugs can often cause adverse reactions, and the perception of the risk of prescription drugs could influence prescription behaviour.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of the perception of postgraduate physicians in training of the risk of using medical marijuana, comparing it with their perception of paracetamol and sedatives. A visual analogue scale with ranges from 0 (no risk) to 10 (totally risky) was used.

Results: A total of 197 postgraduate students were evaluated; 48 women and 149 men took part, with a mean age 27.8 years. Among the different specialties, there was a difference with regard to the perception of medical marijuana and paracetamol and all perceived a greater risk with sedatives. There was no evidence of a risk perception of marijuana in relation to factors such as alcohol consumption and smoking.

Conclusions: There is a difference in the perception of risk of medical marijuana and paracetamol with this perception being greater with sedatives. Regarding specialties, the perception of risk was greater for medical marijuana in general surgery than in urology.
Gestational age at delivery of twins and perinatal outcomes: a cohort study in Aberdeen, Scotland.
Authors: Murray Sarah R. , Bhattacharya Sohinee , Stock Sarah J. , Pell Jill P. , Norman Jane E.
Published: April 2019

Background: Twin pregnancy is associated with a threefold increase in perinatal death compared to singletons.  The objective of this study was to determine the risk of perinatal death in twins by week of gestation and to quantify the effect of known risk factors.

Methods: A cohort analysis was performed using data from the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (AMND).  The exposure was gestational age at delivery and the primary outcome was perinatal death.  Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for perinatal death according to gestational age at delivery were determined by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression modelling with robust standard errors to account for clustering in the twin infants.  Confounders and risk factors quantified and adjusted for in the model included maternal age, smoking, parity, marital status and year of birth.  Kaplan-Meier time to event analysis was used to determine the differences in survival according to chorionicity and assisted reproduction technologies (ART) conception status.

Results: The population comprised of 7,420 twin babies born between 1950 and 2013 in the Grampian area of Northern Scotland.  There were 272 stillbirths in the cohort (3.67%) and 273 neonatal deaths (3.68%). Compared to delivery at 37-38 weeks, delivery at or beyond 39 weeks was associated with a significant increase in perinatal death (aHR 2.00 [95% CI 1.45-2.78]).  Monochorionic twins had a 2-fold increase in perinatal death compared to dichorionic twins (aHR 2.15, 95% CI 1.60-2.90). Twins conceived by ART did not have a greater risk of perinatal death compared to those naturally conceived (aHR 1.21, 95% CI 0.87-1.68)

Conclusion:  This study suggests that delivery of twins at 37-38 weeks is associated with the lowest risk of perinatal death.
The Organizational Life Cycle: Review and Future Agenda
Authors: Jirásek Michal , Bílek Jan
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The review summarizes major research that contributed to the organizational life cycle theory, discusses major issues and contradictions of the theory and offers additional assumptions about the organizational life cycle. Based on that, it attempts to offer a future research agenda for the theory.Methodology/Approach: The paper uses narrative review; the list of included life cycle models stems from previous summaries of the theory and subsequent snowball search through reference lists of individual reviewed papers.Findings: The theory is rich with various life cycle models that nevertheless converge on some major characteristics. Organizational life cycle can be described with classical five stages: (i) founding, (ii) growth, (iii) maturity, (iv) decline, and (v) revival. However, the stages do not necessarily follow in such an order, and therefore the research establishes likely paths in their development. Also, it appears that growth rate (relative to a market) and change in formalism are major factors distinguishing in the theory individual stages.Research Limitation/implication: Organizational life cycle theory is often neglected based on simplifying presumptions like determinism of organizational development. On the other hand, there is a growing evidence that factors stemming from particular life cycle stages alter organizational behavior and therefore should be considered in behavioral research on an organizational level.Originality/Value of paper: The paper represents up to date review of major theoretical models from the perspective of the current state of the field. Since the theory flourished in 70’s and 80’s it is inevitably limited in some aspects. The new review may spark renewed interest in implications stemming from the theory and enrich analytical tools of management scholars.
To Lead Change - To Work and Study with Creativity and Structure - A Course Design for Deeper Learning Outcomes within a Course in Quality Technology
Authors: Oxenswardh Anette , Forsberg Per-Arne
Published: April 2019

Purpose: In this paper a new course design as a case study is presented. The course was given at bachelor level at Uppsala university, campus Gotland, within the division of quality technology. The purpose of the case is to give students an opportunity to practice acquired theoretical knowledge by offering them the opportunity to create an organization of their dreams, working in small groups.Methodology/Approach: This paper builds upon a case study approach, combining a literature review, document studies over the performed course and evaluations over the course.Findings: The case study shows that course design can be an important inspiration and a bridge between theory and practice for the students. Course design seems to support students’ learning processes according to evaluations of the course. Course design offers benefits of the collective learning, especially for distance students. It increases independence, understanding of one’s mission and accountability for it. Students are given the opportunity to practice the theoretical knowledge in their education in a creative and inspiring way. Still, there are further demands and challenges left of improvement in the course design.Research Limitation/implication: The research limitation is that  this study consists of only one course in Quality Technology.Originality/Value of paper: This study contributes to the discussion about learning at university level through a case study.
Physical activity in pregnancy: practical advice for women who run
Authors: Gordon Clare
Published: April 2019

Running is a sport enjoyed by many women across the globe; however, there is little guidance regarding the specific needs of women who run during and after pregnancy. This article explores the guidance regarding physical activity for the general non-pregnant population and relates it to what is available for women who are pregnant. It also remarks on the contraindications to physical activity during pregnancy. This article includes key information of which midwives and women should be aware of during pregnancy and the postnatal period. There are several health benefits, metabolic and physiological changes that may be experienced as a result of running and this article also explores a number of initiatives that can be used by midwives to support women in their care who run.
Maternal and paternal expectations of antenatal education across the transition to parenthood
Authors: Jones Catriona , Wadephul Franziska , Jomeen Julie
Published: April 2019

Background

Understanding parents' expectations of the knowledge and skills that they will acquire during antenatal classes provides an opportunity to tailor classes more closely to their needs.

Aims

To explore whether a programme of antenatal classes met parents' expectations across the transition to parenthood.

Methods

This study used research evaluation data to explore parents' expectations from antenatal classes as they transitioned from pregnancy to the postnatal period.

Findings

Findings indicated that expectant mothers and fathers had different learning needs at different times, and that while expectant mothers were clear about what they want to know from classes, fathers entered classes with unspecific learning needs. These became slightly more focused as pregnancy progresses, but generally speaking, remained fairly vague.

Conclusion

Understanding parents expectations of antenatal classes, and exploring the value of classes among attendees has the potential to result in improved attendance, reduced dropout rates and overall greater satisfaction.
Concentração de ferro e manganês em águas de abastecimento no município de Crato, Ceará: caracterização e proposta de tratamento
Authors: Almeida Ana Beatriz Batista de , Lima Mira Raya Paula de , Santos Yannice Tatiane da Costa , Moreira Yanka Wandréia Nogueira , Silva Priscilla Barbosa de Araújo
Published: April 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste na proposição de uma alternativa de tecnologia para a remoção de ferro e manganês em fontes de abastecimento público no município de Crato, Ceará, a partir da avaliação de parâmetros de qualidade de água atuais. A remoção desses compostos torna-se necessária haja vista os problemas associados a eles quando presentes em valores acima dos limites permissíveis. A concentração elevada provoca alterações físicas e químicas na água, como mudança de coloração e odor característico, levando a rejeição ao consumo da água. Diante disto, realizou-se análises físico-químicas em 35 pontos de abastecimento, escolhidos conforme critério de localização e existência de dados anteriores sobre sua qualidade organoléptica, a fim de identificar a concentração destes metais e propor um método compatível para sua remoção e controle eficiente. Para tanto, aplicou-se o teste de Wilcoxon, para avaliar o grau de dispersão dos dados em torno da média de concentração e em seguida ordenou os dados em faixas de concentração. A partir da análise dos resultados, foi recomendado oxidação por hipoclorito de cálcio seguida de filtração em leito de carvão ativado, por ser um dos processos mais eficientes de remoção dos compostos de ferro e manganês solúveis.
A Marxist Correspondence
Authors: Mayer Tom
Published: April 2019

Paul A. Baran (1910–1964) and Paul M. Sweezy (1910–2004) were two of the most creative and influential Marxist economists of the last century. The Age of Monopoly Capital collects hundreds of letters between Baran and Sweezy, written between 1949 and Baran's death in 1964. The correspondence contains numerous interesting, important, and unanticipated ideas. Nuggets of wisdom about economic theory, socialist history, dialectical method, academic politics, and many other topics are scattered throughout.

Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
The Critique of Financialization
Authors: - Editors
Published: April 2019

There has been a tendency within liberal analysis of financialization to place an emphasis on the trees, that is, the various speculative mechanisms, rather than the forest, or the growth of finance in relation to production. The reason for this stress on the trees rather than the forest is that, in contemporary capitalist ideology, financialization cannot be brought seriously into question since it is part of the entire architecture of accumulation.
Isolation and Identification of Protease Enzyme Producing Bacteria from Fermentation of Gonad Sea Urchin (Echinothrix calamaris)
Authors: Jamaludin Siani La , Rehena Johanis Fritzgal , Seumahu Cecilia Anna , Rumahlatu Dominggus
Published: April 2019

Bekasang of gonad sea urchin is one of the traditional fermentation products which generally involves microorganism spontaneous fermentation. Fermented paste products have a long shelf life and are processed quite easily using protease enzymes. Good exploration of producing protease from bakasang is needed to obtain the protease enzyme-producing microorganism with different characters. The method used in this research is screening with clear zone, measuring the activity of crude extract of protease enzyme characterization of bacteria through gram staining. Identification of potential microorganisms through 16S rRNA sequence. The results showed that there were eight isolates of protease enzyme-producing bacteria (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, and G8) indicated by clear zones around single-colonic bacterial streaks. Only five bacterial isolates (G1, G4, G6, G7, and G8) were tested for the enzyme activity. These isolates have characteristics of positive gram bacteria. The interpretation of the results of molecular analysis using PCR and BLASTN sequences of 16S rRNA gene from five bacterial isolates, showed the identity of bacteria as: G1 was Staphylococcus piscifermentans strain CIP103958 with 99% similarity; Isolate G4 was Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain ATCC 15305 with 99% similarity; Isolate G6 was Staphylococcus condimenti F-2 strain with 99% similarity; Isolate G7 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain FZB42 with 99% similarity; And G8 isolates was Lactobacillus plantarum strain JCM 1149 with 99% similarity.
Salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene expression can be regulated via Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 in wheat seedlings under saline condition
Authors: GHASSEMI Hamid Reza , MOSTAJERAN Akbar , ESMAEILI Abolghasem
Published: April 2019

Salinity stress reduces plant growth via failure of physiological processes mainly due to the abundance of Na+ ion. Salt overly sensitive (SOS) signaling pathway is considered as an important component of Na+/K+ homeostasis system in plants, especially under saline condition. Moreover, it is reported that wheat-Azospirillum associated has resulted in an enhanced salinity tolerance. To evaluate involvement of Azospirillum species in regulation of SOS signaling pathway, inoculated and none-inoculated wheat seedlings with Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 were grown for five days. Then uniform seedlings were transferred into saline hydroponic media with and without 200 mM NaCl. The relative expression of TaSOS1 of root, sheath, and blade as well as Na+/K+ ratio was measured after 6, 24 and 48 hours since inoculated and non-inoculated seedling were transferred to NaCl media. Simultaneously Ca, Fe, proline content, root and shoot dry mass and soluble sugars were measured at 72 hour after application of NaCl. Result showed that salinity increased TaSOS1 gene expression, Na+, prolin and Na+/K+ ratio but Ca and Fe were decreased in root and shoot of wheat seedlings. Although A. brasilense Sp7 could improve salinity tolerance in wheat via reduction of Na uptake and upregulation of TaSOS1 expression, but do not have any effect in sodium distribution within plant parts. Therefore, salinity could increase TaSOS1 expression in the root, sheath and blade and A. brasilense Sp7 also could reduce the adverse effect of salinity via addition of over expression of TaSOS1.
Insure them and improve their welfare: effect of Hygeia Community Health Insurance on households’ welfare in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: BABATUNDE Raphael , OMONIWA Adeyemi , OYEDEJI Oluwafemi
Published: April 2019

The Hygeia Community Health Plan was designed such that agriculture-based households can have access to affordable healthcare services. It is also aimed at providing financial risk protection against catastrophic healthcare costs which if persistent, could possibly drive them into poverty. This paper used a well-structured questionnaire to solicit responses on the effect of the Hygeia Community Health Plan on the welfare of farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. A two-stage sampling technique was used to sample 175 farming households comprising of 115 beneficiaries and 60 non-beneficiaries from Shonga, Bacita and Lafiagi districts of Edu local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The ordinary least square and logit model were used in the analysis of the data for this study. The results of the analysis showed that the Hygeia community health plan was positively and statistically significant in influencing the per capita income, per capita calorie intake and the food security status of farming households in the area. Therefore, it was recommended that the government should create an enabling environment or partner with private insurance organizations. This will help them work out a plan to help rural households in other parts of the country access affordable healthcare services easily. This will help in the attainment of the universal access to health services in Kwara State and country Nigeria at large.
Digitales Datenmanagement als Berufsfeld im Kontext der Data Literacy
Authors: Petras Vivien , Kindling Maxi , Neuroth Heike , Rothfritz Laura
Published: April 2019

Das Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und der Fachbereich Informationswissenschaften der Fachhochschule Potsdam entwickeln den weiterbildenden Masterstudiengang Digitales Datenmanagement. Er vermittelt Kompetenzen der Forschungs- und Handlungsfelder im Datenmanagement unter Berücksichtigung der nationalen und internationalen wissenschaftspolitischen, organisatorischen, technischen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Vermittlung von Fähigkeiten im analytischen wie praktischen Umgang mit Forschungs- und Informationsinfrastrukturen besonders in der Domäne Wissenschaft und Forschung sowie in der Ermittlung von Anforderungen und Lösungen für Informationssysteme, die das Datenmanagement unterstützen.
Identification and Evaluation of Probiotic Potential in Yeast Strains Found in Kefir Drink Samples from Malaysia
Authors: Azhar Mohd Akmal , Abdul Munaim Mimi Sakinah
Published: April 2019

Kefir drink is a source of probiotic microorganism with remarkable functional and technological properties. The objective of this work is to isolate yeast strains from Malaysian kefir drink and evaluate them for probiotic potentials. In the present study, nine strains of probiotic yeast were isolated from a Malaysian kefir drink and identified according to their 16S rDNA sequences. Furthermore, their probiotic potential was evaluated. The probiotic properties were tested for aspects of antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial activity, and gastrointestinal condition tolerance (pH and temperature). Five isolated strains, M3, Y5, Y9, Y11 and A1, showed good tolerance towards low pH condition while three strains, A1, M1, and M3, showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Salmonella sp. Most isolates were resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, and ampicillin, and grew well at human body temperature. The result of this test indicates that the yeast strains isolated from Malaysian kefir drink have excellent potential for use as probiotics in various products. Lastly, kefir milk is one of the excellent source of probiotic yeast strains and could be used as a new yeast probiotic formulation or in food supplements.
A resilience engineering approach to integrating human and socio-technical system capacities and processes for national infrastructure resilience
Authors: Thomas John E. , Eisenberg Daniel A. , Seager Thomas P. , Fisher Erik
Published: April 2019

Despite Federal directives calling for an integrated approach to strengthening the resilience of critical infrastructure systems, little is known about the relationship between human behavior and infrastructure resilience. While it is well recognized that human response can either amplify or mitigate catastrophe, the role of human or psychological resilience when infrastructure systems are confronted with surprise remains an oversight in policy documents and resilience research. Existing research treats human resilience and technological resilience as separate capacities that may create stress conditions that act upon one another. There remains a knowledge gap regarding study of those attributes in each that build infrastructure resilience as an integrated system of humans and technologies. This work draws on concepts found in the resilience engineering and psychology literature to examine the dynamic relationships between human resilience and the resilience of complex, socio-technical critical infrastructure systems. We identify and organize 18 system capacities and 23 human capacities that influence infrastructure resilience. We then correlate individual human and system resilience capacities to determine how each influences four socio-technical processes for resilience: sensing, anticipating, adapting, and learning. Our analysis shows that the human and technical resilience capacities reviewed are interconnected, interrelated, and interdependent. Further, we find current literature is focused more on cognitive and behavioral dimensions of human resilience and we offer ways to better incorporate affective capacities. Together, we present a simple way to link the resilience of technological systems to the cognitive, behavioral, and affective dimensions of humans responsible for the system design, operation, and management.
Nonlocal eigenvalue problems with variable exponent
Authors: Azroul Elhoussine , Shimi Mohammed
Published: April 2019

We consider the nonlocal eigenvalue problem of the following form

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(N ⩾ 3), λ > 0 is a real number, K is a suitable kernel and p, r are two bounded continuous functions on ̄Ω. The main result of this paper establishes that any λ > 0 sufficiently small is an eigenvalue of the above nonhomogeneous nonlocal problem. The proof relies on some variational arguments based on Ekeland's variational principle.
Applying the Computer Aided Systems in Education Process
Authors: Matúšová Miriam , Hrušková Erika
Published: April 2019

The article summarizes the experience of laboratory technical subjects teaching methodologies using a number of software products. The main aim is to modernize the teaching process in accordance with the requirements of today – based on information technology. Increasing of the study attractiveness and effectiveness is due to the introduction of Computer Aided (CA) technologies in the learning process. This paper discussed the areas where individual CA system used and concrete examples used in the education process. They are CAD system Catia V5, FluidSIM created and simulates the pneumatics and electropneumatic schemes and circles, software witness used for simulation of material flow planning and RobotStudio that illustrates operated Robot in his own manipulated area. Environment using CA systems are briefly presented in each chapter.
Contouring the Emergence Profile of Peri-implant Soft Tissue by Provisionals on Implants – Case Report
Authors: Lazić Vojkan , Todorović Ana , Djordjević Igor , Milošević Nataša , Popović Danica , Miletić Ana
Published: April 2019

Aesthetic outcome of implant therapy involves the appropriate architecture of peri-implant soft tissue and interdental papilla. The dynamic compression technique of soft tissue is mentioned in contemporary literature as one of the methods for achieving optimal emergence profile. The aim of this case report was to present soft tissue prosthetic modeling with temporary crowns on implants for obtaining an emergence profile of final restoration. A 25-year-old female patient with missing left maxillary central incisor was referred to the Department of Oral Surgery School of Dental Medicine University in Belgrade for dental implant placement. After detailed planning, implant placement of Straumann Bone level implant NC Ø 3, 3×12 mm (Straumann® Bone Level NC), in the position of 21 was performed. Upon completion of osseointegration period, screw retained laboratory temporary crown was fabricated. During the next 3 months emergence profile was scalloped by creating additional pressure on the soft tissue with periodic adding the composite resin material to a temporary crown. The created emergence profile was transferred to the master cast by using customized impression coping, making possible fabrication of the final implant restoration according to the design made with provisional restoration. Soft tissue conditioning using temporary dental restorations on implants presents a non-invasive method with predictable aesthetic result.
Music As an Alternative Therapy Method in Dentistry
Authors: Jovanović-Medojević Milica , Nešković Jelena , Medojević Aleksandar
Published: April 2019

Dental fear represents a significant social concern. Therefore, an individual approach to each patient and timely recognition and elimination of dental stress are necessary in order to provide adequate and successful treatment. The aim of this paper was to present possible application of music therapy in dentistry and its role in reducing dental fear. Music has shown great prospective as an alternative therapy method in various fields of medicine. Music therapy is painless and noninvasive anxiolytic method that reduces dental anxiety as it provides relaxation and distraction. Music in dental office creates positive atmosphere among patients and their company as well as dental staff.
Ultrastructural analysis of uninstrumented root canal areas following various irrigation regimens
Authors: Barac Radomir , Popović Jelena , Živković Slavoljub , Mitić Aleksandar , Nikolić Marija
Published: April 2019

Introduction During endodontic treatment smaller or larger areas of root canal wall remain non-instrumented. This can affect prognosis of endodontic treatment as some bacteria may be left behind. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology of non-instrumented areas of the root canal wall using scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM) after completed instrumentation and various irrigation regiments.

Materials and Methods Eighteen single-rooted extracted teeth were divided into the six groups. One tooth in each group represented a control sample. In all samples only one half of the canal was instrumented using ISO 40 hand files. Control samples were subjected to an irrigation protocols without instrumentation. Irrigants used were physiological saline, 3% sodium hypochlorite and 15% of ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetate. Irrigation protocol included using each of these irrigants alone, or a combination of NaOCl and EDTA, as well as their combination with final irrigation using NaOCl or chlorhexidine. Then after, roots were sectioned longitudinally and prepared for SEM.

Results Saline irrigation left pulpal debris on uninstrumented areas of the canal wall. Irrigation with 3% NaOCl left behind canal wall with different forms of calcospherites. However, after EDTA irrigation dentin appeared as an undulating surface with open tubules without a smear layer. The combination of NaOCl and EDTA showed remnants of calcospherites and open slightly widened dentinal tubules. Final irrigation with NaOCl on the uninstrumented areas showed enlarged dentinal tubules along with dentinal erosion, while after final irrigation with CHX clean dentin and open dentinal tubules without smear layer were noted.

Conclusion From the morphological point of view, the most favorable effect of irrigation on both uninstrumented and uninstrumented canal walls was achieved after irrigation with NaOCl and EDTA or NaOCl, EDTA and chlorhexidine as the final irrigant.
Verbal, non-verbal and paraverbal skills in the patient-kinetotherapist relationship
Authors: Rusu Oana , Chiriță Maria
Published: April 2019

Human being's existence is closely related to communication, how the individual interacts and interacts with others. By communicating, an individual conveys information and interests, attitudes, values, beliefs and feelings, sharing them with others, thus creating a contexture of relationships. Communication means not only speaking, writing, but also silencing, listening or acting. Both the patient and the physiotherapist communicate verbally, non-verbal and paraverbal to respond to and understand the behavior of the communication partner. In addition to professional skills, acquiring communication skills by physiotherapist can lead to patient adherence and satisfaction to the therapeutic program.

Aim: In this paper, we aim to highlight the important aspects of the verbal, non-verbal and paraverbal skills of the physical therapist to promote communication with the patient in the therapeutic relationship.

Methods: Literature review was the method of this study and were considered eligible only articles with statistically significant data.

Results: Verbal communication essentially validates the message transmitted, non-verbal skills confirm and at the same time strongly influence communication partners. By form, paraverbal and non-verbal communication are concurrent with the verbal, respectively confirming it, but by content and interpretation, they can give other meanings to the relationship.
Leptin resensitisation: a reversion of leptin-resistant states
Authors: Andreoli María F , Donato Jose , Cakir Isin , Perello Mario
Published: April 2019

Leptin resistance refers to states in which leptin fails to promote its anticipated effects, frequently coexisting with hyperleptinaemia. Leptin resistance is closely associated with obesity and also observed in physiological situations such as pregnancy and in seasonal animals. Leptin resensitisation refers to the reversion of leptin-resistant states and is associated with improvement in endocrine and metabolic disturbances commonly observed in obesity and a sustained decrease of plasma leptin levels, possibly below a critical threshold level. In obesity, leptin resensitisation can be achieved with treatments that reduce body adiposity and leptinaemia, or with some pharmacological compounds, while physiological leptin resistance reverts spontaneously. The restoration of leptin sensitivity could be a useful strategy to treat obesity, maintain weight loss and/or reduce the recidivism rate for weight regain after dieting. This review provides an update and discussion about reversion of leptin-resistant states and modulation of the molecular mechanisms involved in each situation.
Descentralización y regionalización . Necesidad de su realización
Authors: Vegas Pozo José
Published: April 2019

En el texto reflexiono sobre algunos problemas estructurales de la sociedad peruana contemporánea, específicamente sobre la descentralización económica, política y administrativa y el proceso de constitución de las regiones y donde las poblaciones deben participar democráticamente. Así la identidad regional será real.
Los inicios de la higiene en Lima. Los médicos y la construcción de la higiene
Authors: Zárate Cárdenas Eduardo
Published: April 2019

El artículo analiza las vicisitudes y dificultades en la construcción del discurso y las prácticas de la higiene en Lima en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En este análisis el abordaje de las enfermedades carga con un repertorio de prácticas e imaginarios que reflejan una historia de la Medicina. En ese marco, este trabajo analiza los discursos de los gobernantes y de los médicos preocupados por las epidemias. Discutimos los límites de esta higiene ilustrada frente a la higiene plebeya o rural y los factores que bloquean este lento proceso por varias décadas. Se destaca el papel que cumple en las décadas de 1840 a 1860 los médicos mediante la primera publicación de La Gaceta Médica de Lima.
Geografía del transporte vial en Lima Metropolitana y su impacto ambiental territorial
Authors: Quispe Cornejo Silvia
Published: April 2019

E! presente trabajo de iuvestigaciou nos permite analizar dvsd« t'Í PUl7(fJ de vista geográfico el espacio territorial de Lima-Callao, observamio escenarios urbanos poco funcionales r carentes de seguridadfisica en el transporte vial. Se identifican rulas de transporte urbano muy vulnerables a diversos peligros. sobre lodo de contuminacion, encontrando áreas urbanas COl1 alto índice de densidad poblacional v alto índice de concentración vehiculat; asimismo apreciamos en el entorno, gran défictt de áreas verdes, pérdidas de suelo agrícola .\'la incidencia de 1111 sistema de transporte muy deteriorado. Por ello, es importante cOlls'iderarel aspecto legal en el tema de! transporte urbano. que se muestra inadecuado a la realidad. esto impide el ordenamiento del servicio de transporte público de pasajeros y se observa además duplicidad defunciones de las instituciones públicas, que emiten normas y reglamentos sin las coordiIlaciones o consultas técnicas entre las autoridades competentes
Centralismo, descentralizacion y expectivas de la ciudadania (Conchucos Bajo - Region Ancash)
Authors: Vargas  Morales Zenon Eduardo
Published: April 2019

Esta investigación es de carácter fundamentalmente exploratoria que busca comprender la descentralización y las expectativas de la ciudadanía en Conchucos Bajo de la Región Áncash. Descentralización que responde a una antigua aspiración del país y constituye uno de los principales desafíos que durante los dos gobiernos últimos las diversas fuerzas políticas han asumido como uno de los aspectos prioritarios de la reforma del Estado. En opinión de las autoridades locales, la descentralización es un medio que permitirá alcanzar como objetivo compartir democráticamente el poder político, económico, social y cultural entre las distintas fuerzas políticas, en cada uno de los espacios sociales del ámbito local, regional y nacional. Consideran la necesidad de una gobernabilidad concertada que permita dinamizar las potencialidades y así poder alcanzar un desarrollo sostenible.
Los beaterios en la Lima colonial. El caso de un beatorio para mujeres indígenas nobles
Authors: Espinoza Soriano Waldemar , Baltasar Olmeda Mery
Published: April 2019

La cristianización del Perú, en la cual pusieron mucho esmero y estrategias los sacerdotes españoles, tomaron como principales catecúmenos a los hijos de la nobleza inca y curacal. Trajo como consecuencia que los hijos de éstos, poco a poco, sintieran atractivo por la religión católica, al punto que muchos adolescentes exteriorizaron sus deseos de seguir la carrera eclesiástica. Con esta finalidad, a fines del siglo XVII, se fundó en la ciudad de Lima un beaterio para mujeres pertenecientes a la aristocracia andina. Fue el Beaterio de Nuestra Señora de Copacabana, instalado en el Paseo de los Descalzos. Soportó muchas vicisitudes, pero ha logrado subsistir hasta el día de hoy con la categoría de convento, dedicado a la educación de niñas.
Desastre en la historia del Peru: climas, terremotos y epidemias en lima durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Carcelen Reluz Carlos
Published: April 2019

Durante d siglo XVIII el Perú fue afectado por una serie de desastres naturales y epidemias que mermaron tamo la población como la producción agrícola. A continuación analizaremos tres casos: el período rccu rrenre de frío extremo en los meses de invierno desde 1714 hasta 1720 que posibilitó una gran epidemia que asoló el Sur de los Andes; el terremoto de )746 en Lima que. debido a la magnitud de su destrucción y muertes. marcó un hito en la sociedad; y El Niño (o ENSO) de 1791 a 1794. uno de los que más danos generó, sobre rodo en la Costa Norte del país.
Arte mural de Punkurí, Nepeña, Ancash
Authors: Samaniego Román Lorenzo A.
Published: April 2019

Los edificios construidos con adobes modelados a mano de diferentes formas y luego diligentemente enlucidos, tales Punkurí (Nepeña) y Sechín (Casma), sirvieron para el uso del color, la ejecución de bajo y alto relieves, como la escultura de bulto no exenta, representándose divinidades, escenas mítico-religiosas, con la intervención del hombre, de la fauna, flora y fenómenos naturales. El arte mural de estos edificios estuvo vinculado a la función religiosa, a la cosmovisión del hombre andino y que forma parte del lenguaje plástico de los artistas de la época, como el de Punkurí que contribuyó al desarrollo del estilo artístico Sechín, presente en gran parte de los Períodos Arcaico y Formativo, probablemente entre los 4000 a 1000 años antes de Cristo.
Maremoto de 1960, sacrificio humano y restablecimiento del equilibrio en el wallmapu
Authors: Leiva Salamanca Ronny Alejandro
Published: April 2019

Se analiza el sacrificio del niño mapuche José Painecur en el contexto del maremoto del año 1960, en relación con la visión sobre la muerte desde la cultura mapuche y el ejercicio del derecho propio, en un contexto intercultural y de colonización por parte de la sociedad chilena occidental. Las perspectivas desde la prensa, el sistema judicial, las ciencias sociales, y de los mapuche sobre el caso del sacrificio, son contrastadas en una aproximación múltiple para mostrar una distinción entre la cultura mapuche y la cultura chilena occidental, en particular en los principios de equilibrio y reciprocidad con la naturaleza, el origen de las normas mapuche a partir de esta y las funciones de los propios agentes culturales en el ámbito político y espiritual. Desde esta perspectiva, el caso es presentado por los autores como una acción trascendental de restablecimiento del equilibrio del mundo mapuche.
Relación entre el desarrollo socioeconómico y la presencia de franquicias extranjeras en Lima Norte
Authors: Wong Cabanillas Francisco Javier
Published: April 2019

Lima Norte es un ejemplo de la transformación y desarrollo socioeconómico tendiendo como base a un gran capital humano de hombres y mujeres los cuales participan plenamente en el desarrollo del mismo no solo como empresarios y/o emprendedores. A la vez, se toma en cuenta las diversas perspectivas mediante las cuales se reconoce un crecimiento socioeconómico y desarrollo comercial en Lima Norte, lo cual contribuye en la presencia de franquicias en la zona en mención. Mediante lo cual nos enfocamos en conocer, identificar y clasificar las riquezas y potencialidades de Lima Norte, así avizorar un futuro emporio tanto socioeconómico como urbanístico.
En Puruchuco es destruido el patrimonio arqueológico del Perú
Authors: Bueno Mendoza Alberto , Echevarría López Gori Tumi
Published: April 2019

La zona arqueológica de Puruchuco ocupa todas las áreas del cerro Mayorazgo, cuyos estudios por diferentes arqueólogos señalan que tales ocupaciones pertenecen a distintos períodos arqueológicos del Antiguo Perú. Las evidencias arqueológicas se encuentran a la vista desde el espolón norte, el anco oriental del cerro, la cumbre truncada y en varios sectores de su ladera oeste, en cuyas partes bajas se vienen descubriendo los testimonios arqueológicos próximos al Museo de Sitio y al Gran Palacio Tawantinsuyu rescatado y puesto en valor por el Dr. Arturo Jiménez Borja (1956-1961).
Masculinidades y relaciones de género en universitarios. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. UNMSM, 2015
Authors: León Pretel Pricila , Choque Martínez Alejandro
Published: April 2019

El presente estudio se propone describir los rasgos de masculinidades que presentan los jóvenes universitarios en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Los conceptos que guían la investigación son los expuestos principalmente por R.W. Connel (1995), P. Bourdieu (1990) y M. Kimmel (1994). La metodología es cualitativa: se aplicó un cuestionario diseñado con la escala de Likert para poder identificar la intensidad de convicciones en cada afirmación. Participaron 40 estudiantes de las Escuelas Académico Profesionales de Sociología, Antropología e Historia, cuyas edades fluctúan entre los 20 y 23 años. Los principales resultados nos muestran que los universitarios presentan algunos elementos de masculinidades emergentes o alternativas; manteniéndose aún en ellos los elementos principales de la masculinidad hegemónica, como: autoridad, poder y dominio de la esfera pública. Sin embargo, el perfil que los describe estaría ya influenciado por la formación académica que tienen los participantes, formación que incluye cursos sobre género tema que es transversal al proyecto educativo diseñado para todas las especialidades de la facultad.
Trayectoria laboral de los sociólogos en tiempos de cambio y de conflicto
Authors: Vargas Morales Zenón Eduardo
Published: April 2019

La sociología como profesión tiene sus inicios a partir de su profesionalización en la década de 1960, en que se sientan las bases teóricas, metodológicas e instrumentales, con lo que se garantiza su pertinencia y continuidad como ciencia social. En este artículo, que es parte de un libro próximo a publicarse, se presenta acerca de la trayectoria laboral de los sociólogos en tiempos de cambio y de conflicto, donde se plantea la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cómo ha sido la trayectoria laboral de los sociólogos en tiempos de cambio y de conflicto? El objetivo es conocer la trayectoria laboral desde los años de 1960 hasta la actualidad, además de destacar los antecedentes familiares para comprender la movilidad intergeneracional a través de su nivel educativo y laboral.