bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is a decrease of grip strength associated with community mobility restriction in dynapenic older women?
Authors: Blamoutier Margaux , Boissy Patrick , Brière Simon , Faucher Geneviève , Lauzé Martine , Duval Christian
Published: May 2018

Aims

Absolute grip strength (aGS) measures are not only used to detect dynapenia, but can also provide a robust indicator of functional impairments such as mobility limitations. Mobility limitations can impact community mobility. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether dynapenia status measured with aGS can be used as a predictor of the level of community mobility measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Life‐Space Assessment questionnaire (LSA) in healthy older adults. It has been shown that body weight related grip strength (GS/BW) is also a clinical predictor of functional limitation. The secondary objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the community mobility and the GS/BW.

Method and results

The population studied (n=62) was composed of a dynapenic group of women (aged 66.4 ± 4.8) according to an aGS threshold of ≤ 19.9kg and an age‐matched group of women (aged 66.1 ± 5.2) with no detectable dynapenia. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were conducted to measure functional capacity tests, body composition and respiratory capacity. Body weigth related to grip strength (GS/BW) was computed. During 12 days, each participant wore a GPS receiver unit with a data logging =−.67) compared system during waking hours. Transit distance in vehicle per day, Transit distance on foot per day and Ellipse area were extracted from the time series of GPS data (longitude, latitude) collected at 1 Hz. The Life space was assessed using a questionnaire. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare the 2 groups for the community mobility measures. Then, data of the 2 groups were pooled to assess the relationship between GS/BW and community mobility measures. A Spearman correlation was used. The dynapenic group had indeed lower aGS (z=−5.3, p≤.05, r=−.67) and GS/BW (z=−5.3, p≤.05, r=−.67)compared to the non‐dynapenic group. Furthermore, we found a lower performance to the step test (z=−2.5, p=.011, r=−.32) and lower walking speed (z=−2.1, p=033, r=−.27) for the dynapenic group. However, no significant differences (Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test) were found for community mobility measures with the GPS and the LSA between the two groups. There were significant positive relationships between the GS/BW and one leg stand test (r=.353, p=0.005), step test (r=.409, p=0.001) and walking speed (r=.428, p=0.001). No significant relationship (Spearman correlation test) was found for the GS/BW and community mobility measures with the GPS and the LSA.

Conclusions

This study confirms that aGS and GS/BW are good indicators of mobility limitations measured with clinical and laboratory evaluations. However, grip strength alone should not be considered as an indicator of community mobility restriction in an older adult dynapenic population.
Reframing less conventional speech to disrupt conventions of "compulsory fluency": A conversation analysis approach
Authors: Duque Camille , Lashewicz Bonnie
Published: May 2018

Our purpose is to illuminate compliances with, and resistances to, what we are calling "compulsory fluency" which we define as conventions for what constitutes competent speech. We achieve our purpose through a study of day-to-day communication between a woman with less conventional speech and her support providing family members and friends. Drawing from McRuer's (2006) compulsory ablebodiedness and Kafer's (2013) compulsory able-mindedness, we use "compulsory fluency" to refer to a form of articulation that is standardized and idealized and imposed on all speakers including those whose speech is less conventional. We see compulsory fluency as central to North American conceptions of personhood which are tied to individual ability to speak for one's self (Brueggemann, 2005). In this paper, we trace some North American principles for linguistic competence to outline widely held ideals of receptive and expressive language use, namely, conventions for how language should be understood and expressed. Using Critical Disability Studies (Goodley, 2013; McRuer, 2006) together with a feminist framework of relational autonomy (Nedelsky, 1989), our goal is to focus on experiences of people with less conventional speech and draw attention to power in communication as it flows in idiosyncratic and intersubjective fashion (Mackenzie & Stoljar, 2000; Westlund, 2009). In other words, we use a critical disability and feminist framing to call attention to less conventional forms of communication competence and, in this process, we challenge assumptions about what constitutes competent speech. As part of a larger qualitative study, we conduct a conversation analysis informed by Rapley and Antaki (1996) to examine day-to-day verbal, vocal and non-verbal communications of a young woman who self identifies as "having autism" - pseudonym Addison - in interaction with her support-providing family members and friends. We illustrate a multitude of Addison's compliances with, and resistances to, compulsory fluency to bring awareness to competence inherent in less conventional speech and we argue this illumination as a call for listening with greater care and more open expectations in efforts to understand, and participate in the expression of, meanings embedded in less conventional speech.
MAKRO EKONOMİK GÖSTERGELERİN TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜ PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: ÇİZGİCİ AKYÜZ Gülay , EMİR Mustafa
Published: May 2018

Bankaların performanslarının
incelenmesi, hem ekonomi hem de finans alanında önemli bir ilgi alanı
oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; makroekonomik göstergelerin Türk
Bankacılık Sektörü performansı üzerine etkilerini nedensellik analizi ile
araştırıp ilişkilerin ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışmada ekonominin önemli
belirleyicileri olan tüketici fiyat endeksi, gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla ve faiz
değişkenleri makroekonomik göstergeler olarak alınmıştır. Bankacılık sektörü
performans değişkeni olarak bileşik CAMELS değeri kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki
ilişkiler Vektör Otoregresif (VAR) modeli ile araştırılmıştır. Değişkenlerin
durağanlıkları ADF ve PP birim kök testleri ile sınanmıştır. Oluşturulan VAR
modeli ile varyans ayrıştırma ve etki-tepki fonksiyonları analizi
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bileşik CAMELS değeri, Türkiye’de faaliyette
bulunan 22 mevduat bankasına ilişkin 2003:Q3-2016:Q2 dönemi verileri
kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın bulgularına
göre; Türk Bankacılık Sektörü performansı ile tüketici fiyat endeksi ve faiz
oranı arasında çift yönlü, gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla ile tek yönlü nedensellik
ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
Posterior cranial FOSSA space occupying lesions: an institutional experience
Authors: Meenakshisundaram Natarajan , Dhandapani Balasubramanian
Published: June 2018

Background: Tumors in the Posterior fossa are well known for their critical location and complications as they result in brain stem compression and hydrocephalus. This study was conducted to analyze the histological types, frequency and prognosis of the posterior cranial fossa tumors in children and adults at Institute of Neurosurgery, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu.Methods: It was a descriptive study in which 108 consecutive cases of posterior cranial fossa tumors in children and adults were studied from December 2016 to November 2017. During this period, patients with posterior cranial fossa tumors were thoroughly studied and analysed regarding further management options.Results: Out of 108 cases in our study, 60 (56%) cases were male and 48 (44%) were female patients. The morphological distribution of the posterior cranial fossa tumors was as follows: schwannoma 36 (33%) cases, meningioma 24 (22%) cases, medulloblastoma 14 (13%) cases, pilocytic astrocytoma 17(16%) cases, high grade astrocytoma 7 (7%) cases, metastasis 8 (8%) cases, round blue cell tumor 2 (2%) cases.Conclusions: Brainstem compression, herniation, and death are all risks in tumors which occur in this critical location. Tumors in the posterior fossa are considered critical brain lesions, primarily because of the limited space within the posterior fossa and the potential involvement of vital brain stem nuclei.
Assessment of educational outcomes of small group discussion versus traditional lecture format among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Joshi Krishna Prakash , Padugupati Suhasini , Robins M.
Published: May 2018

Background: In present scenario, medical students are over burdened with high academic load making learning more complicated than simple. In the recent past a lot of importance has been given for active learning by implementing various approaches like tutorials, seminars, small group discussionsetc. Small group discussion enhances student-faculty interaction, improves communication skills and provides a platform to exchange of ideas, which will result in deeper learning and better academic achievements by students. Present study was conducted to find out educational outcomes of SDG. The objectives of study were to assess and compare the educational outcomes of student’s performance by 2 methods of teaching- Didactic lectures versus SGD and to assess student’s perception towards small group discussions in Community Medicine.Methods: Total 140 students of 7th semester participated in educational experimental quasi study. These participants were divided in to two groups on bases of systematic random sampling. Group A (Roll.no. 1 to 70) and Group B (Roll.no. 71 to 140). For conducting effective SDG, students were divided in 7 subgroups (10 students in each group). Demography (for group A) and family planning (for group B after cross over) topics were selected for SGD. Feedback from students were also recorded.Results: The post test scores of SGD, group A (15.6±3.55) were higher in comparison with that of the lecture session of group B (8.81 ± 2.8). After the crossover, the students exposed to SGD, group B (13.85±3.81) scored more than the students exposed to the lecture group, group A (9.08±2.94).perception of feedback on SGD shows that 80% of the students strongly opine that SGD has improved their performance.Conclusions: Result has shown that SGDs had a positive impact on performance of the students, the mean values in post-tests of both groups were statistically significant. Around 80% of student strongly agreed that SGD is comprehensive tool for in-depth learning by teacher-student interaction and 79% felt that SDG is better than didactic lecture. Significant changes in student’s performance and retention capacity were observed.
Measles outbreak amongst Manymar population of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Abdullah Nabeela Abdullah
Published: May 2018

Background: Worldwide efforts for measles elimination are made possible due to the availability of a highly effective measles vaccine. In spite of a highly vaccinated population, an outbreak of measles has occurred in Jeddah province of Saudi Arabia, from January to February 2018.Methods: An outbreak investigation was conducted to describe the epidemiology of the outbreak. A performance audit of the control measures taken by the primary healthcare team was carried out in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards.Results: Of the 31 cases reported, the patient’s ages range from 1–9 years with an average age of 6 (±2) years. The index case was a 9 year old male. The performance indicator target for outbreak control measures was achieved. Ninety percent of the cases were investigated within 48 hours. Specimens such as serum blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected within the optimal period to test for measles IgG and IgM antibody.Conclusions: This outbreak demonstrates the increased susceptibility of unvaccinated children aged 6–11 months. To prevent possible future outbreaks, community awareness through educational campaigns, a review of children’s vaccination records, enhanced community surveillance and a measles ‘catch-up’ mass immunization campaign to interrupt chains of transmission are necessary.
Superiority of fixed stem bipolar prosthesis over Austin Moore prosthetic in fracture neck femur
Authors: Naser Mohd Abdul , Pathak Ritesh , Ahmad Ather
Published: May 2018

Background: Hemi arthroplastyis a better option in treatment of fracture neck femur as it eliminates avascular necrosis of femoral head and non-union. It allows immediate weight bearing to return elderly patients to activity which helps in avoiding complications of recumbency and inactivity. The decision to perform hemi arthroplasty using a unipolar or bipolar prosthesis is a controversial issue. Both the prosthesis can be used even in remote areas both are cost effectives, good results can be achieved by general orthopaedic surgeons and post-operatively, it can be well adapted by Indian population. This study was done to compare the efficiency of Austin Moore’s prosthesis (AMP) and bipolar prosthesis for the management of intra capsular fracture neck femur in elderly patients.

Methods: Patient’s above 60 years with fracture neck of femur were included. In all total 140 patients were randomly allocated for treatment by either AMP or bipolar prosthesis, in the department of Orthopaedics, IIMSR Medical College, Badnapur, Jalna between March 2014 to March 2017. The patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and 1year. Functional outcome was assessed and compared with modified Harris hip score.

Results: Modified Harris hip score was better with bipolar group as compared to AMP group. Functional activities like use of public transport were better with bipolar group. Complications like acetabular erosion were rare in bipolar group as comparison to AMP group.

Conclusions: Fixed stem bipolar prosthesis is a superior option as compared to Austin Moore’s prosthesis.
Epidermolysis bullosa in Greece: the patients’ journey so far
Authors: Verroiou Ioanna , Tzanetakou Vassiliki N. , Katsarou Alexandra , Zambruno Giovanna , Castiglia Daniele , Rigopoulos Dimitrios , Stratigos Alexander J.
Published: May 2018

Background: Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa (EB) represents a group of rare, inherited disorders with different penetrance patterns characterized by skin fragility and easy inducibility of blisters. Mucosal involvement of internal organs may occur. As no published data on EB in Greece exist, this study aimed to record demographics and clinical characteristics of EB patients. Another objective was to identify the associations among clinical characteristics of different types in connection with immunofluorescence mapping (IMF) findings and molecular analysis (MA) used for the laboratory diagnosis of the disease.

Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted at the outpatient clinic of rare diseases of Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece from March 2012 until February 2015. Adults and children presenting with EB were enrolled. Patients underwent a thorough clinical and laboratory assessment. Specific laboratory analyses were performed in Rome and two sets of data based on IFM and MA were collected.

Results: In total, 41 patients were enrolled. Prevalence rate of EB was 0.024%. The most frequent type was dystrophic EB, as it affected 20 patients (48.8%). Twelve patients (29.3%) were diagnosed with EB simplex, 6 patients (14.6%) with Kindler syndrome and 3 (7.3%) with junctional EB. IFM was performed in 26 patients and MA in 8 patients. The concordance among clinical and laboratory diagnosis was 88.5%.

Conclusions: This study is the first report on hereditary EB in Greece. Since there is a lack in diagnostic management of EB, we would strongly encourage an effort to perform the required laboratory tests in Greece.
Igualdad, cooperación y territorialidad. De las bandas del Paleolítico superior a las pandillas centroamericanas contemporáneas
Authors: Bolaños Bernardo , Martinez Maximiliano
Published: May 2018

Las teorías que se han centrado en la represión del incesto (Freud, Levi-Strauss) o en la existencia de un contrato social (Hobbes, Rousseau) han generado mucha atención en, respectivamente, el estudio de la familia y el Estado, y muy poca en el de las pequeñas asociaciones igualitarias de varones jóvenes. En el presente ensayo, adheriremos a las teorías biológico-antropológicas de Boehm (1999; 2000a; 2009; 2012), Sterelny (2011; 2016) y Marean (2016) acerca de la evolución de la cooperación. Dichos enfoques proponen a las sanciones sociales y a la resolución de conflictos como mecanismos que condujeron, en el Paleolítico superior, a las primeras formas de organización social igualitaria realizadas por las bandas de cazadores-recolectores. Sostendremos que tales estructuras de organización social siguen presentes allí donde bandas y pandillas operan con igual o mayor importancia que otras instituciones (la familia, los cacicazgos, el Estado-Nación). Con ayuda de la extensa literatura sobre modelos ecológicos de violencia y territorialidad, mostraremos que la existencia de bandas y pandillas (desde el Pleistoceno, pasando por la Era Vikinga, hasta la crisis de violencia en Centroamérica a principios del siglo xxi) se explica en gran medida por la competencia por los recursos y es una forma paradójica de organización cooperativa.
Sobre la noción de información y algunas implicaciones en el ámbito psicosocial
Authors: Builes Isabella
Published: May 2018

La noción de información es esencial para la teoría de la individuación de Gilbert
Simondon. Este autor se distancia de las concepciones tradicionales sobre la información dado que estas la consideran medible y controlable. Además, una posible implicación de esta sustancialización en las teorías tradicionales es que, en la sociedad actual, la información se utiliza, en conjunto con la comunicación, para controlar y manipular los sistemas sociales, y en este sentido, puede ir en vías de la alienación de los sujetos. Profundizar en este concepto desde la perspectiva de Simondon nos permite observar algunas de sus implicaciones en el ámbito psicosocial. Para ello, tenemos en cuenta los conceptos de amplificación, transducción, modulación,  organización, metaestabilidad, significación y transindividualidad. Por último, proponemos que el proceso de individuación guarda una relación de continuidad con la adaptación (biológica y psicológica), entendida como una operación específica de la cual se sirve la transducción para resolver las tensiones en los seres vivientes, incluyendo allí al ser humano.
Hacia una epistemología del desconocimiento
Authors: Correa Gallardo Jesús Isaac
Published: May 2018

El artículo discute las posibilidades de reconocer al desconocimiento como parte esencial de nuestro sistema epistemológico, partiendo de una revisión histórica y crítica del concepto del conocimiento. Este se propone como un hecho social que acontece en la relación entre el ser, el mundo-objeto y su mundo de vida, con carácter interpretativo, relacional, multiversal, histórico y limítrofe. Se propone la incorporación del desconocimiento cambiando el paradigma mediante la hermenéutica comprensiva, laconfrontación crítica, el diálogo (como un acontecimiento necesario para la producciónepistemológica), y la integración holística, reconociendo la diversidad de interlocutoresen el discurso epistemológico.
Feeding state and age dependent changes in melanin-concentrating hormone expression in the hypothalamus of broiler chickens
Authors: Simon Ádám , Németh József , Jávor András , Komlósi István , Bai Péter , Oláh János , Juhász Béla , Kiss Rita , Szilvássy Zoltán , Czegledi Levente
Published: May 2018

We aimed to quantify the gene expression changes of the potent orexigenic melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) in chicken (Gallus gallus) hypothalamus with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and for the first time determine peptide concentrations with a novel radioimmunoassay (RIA) under different feeding status. Three different experimental conditions, namely ad libitum fed, fasting for 24h, fasting for 24h then refed for 2h were applied to study the changes of the aforementioned target and its receptor (MCHR4) gene expression to different nutritional states. The relative changes of MCH and MCHR4 were also studied from 7 to 35 days of age. Expression of PMCH and MCHR4 along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was also investigated. We found that both targets expression are restricted to the hypothalamus, only weak expression was detected along the GIT. Different nutritional states did not affect the PMCH and MCHR4 mRNA levels. However, fasting for 24h significantly increased MCH-like immunoreactivity with 25.65%. Fasting for 24h then refed for 2h further significantly increased MCH peptide concentration by 32.51% compared to ad libitum state. Decreasing trend with age was observable both for PMCH and MCHR4 mRNA levels and also for MCH-like immunoreactivity. Correlation analysis did not result significant correlation between MCH peptide concentration and abdominal fat mass in ad libitum fed birds. In conclusion, MCH peptide concentration altered with different feeding states, which indicated that this peptide takes part in feed intake regulation (short-term signalization of feed intake) of broiler chickens in a same manner as in mammals.
Türkiye’deki en yaşlı spontan pnömotoraks olgusu kaç yaşındadır?
Authors: YILDIRAN Hüseyin
Published: May 2018

Spontan
pnömotoraks acil tanı ve tedavi gerektiren klinik bir durumdur. Her yaş grubunu
etkileyebilir, fakat 40 yaşından sonra görülme sıklığı azalır. Bu yaş grubunda
malignite gibi etyolojiler yer alması nedeni ile görülme sıklığının az olduğu
yaşlarda tanı, tedavi ve takip önem arz eder. Sunulan olgu yaşı nedeniyle
oldukça ilginçtir.
Dynamic changes and significance of sputum cells in bronchiolitis
Authors: Zhang Yuhe , Zhang Xiuyun , Cui Nan
Published: May 2018

Objective: To observe the cell composition and changes of sputum cells in children with bronchiolitis at different stages of disease, and to explore their role in the pathogenesis of disease. Methods: 75 children hospitalized in 2016 compliance with standard bronchiolitis were selected. The course of the disease was divided into acute attack period, the improvement period and remission period. The levels of sputum cells, such as sputum shedding epithelial cells, neutrophils, eosinophil, lymphocytes and other sputum cells were examined by light microscopy at different stages of acute exacerbation, disease progression and remission. The expression and proportion of cells were compared, and the differences of cell expression and clinical significance were compared. Results: In the early stage of acute bronchiolitis, the sputum cells were mainly neutral and exfoliated epithelium, lymphocytes and eosinophil were small. When the condition improved, the epithelial cells and the neutrophils decreased, while the lymphocytes and allergic family history of children with eosinophil correspondingly increased. During the remission period, neutrophils and sputum shedding epithelium continued to decrease, while the lymphocytes, eosinophil continued to increase. Conclusions: Epithelial cell shedding is a common phenomenon in the acute attack of bronchiolitis, which may be associated with the wheezing symptoms of children. During the acute stage and improvement phase, there is a significant increase in sputum neutrophils attributable to infection. Eosinophilia is associated with anaphylactic individual and family history, and increased eosinophilia is associated with high airway reactivity and prolonged wheezing. Lymphocytes play a role in maintaining chronic airway inflammation.
Special Economic Zones as an Engine of Regional Economic Development: the best Practices and Implications for Uzbekistan
Authors: Sattarov Sayidmurod
Published: May 2018

Special economic zones (SEZs) are considered as an effective tool to stimulate industrialization and structural transformation, but only when implemented properly in the right context. The aim of the paper is to review the existing practices of establishment of Special Economic Zones using the case successful countries including China, Korea, Singapore and the UAE and explain how they contribute for the development of regional economy. Moreover, the current paper provides the latest initiatives taken by the Uzbek government to establish Special Economic Zones as a main tool of foreign direct investment attraction and provides some recommendations for further improvement based on the successful practices. Special economic zones (SEZs) are booming around the globe. The zones can be effective tools to endorse economic development if applied properly in the right context. The aim of this paper is to give recommendations for the success of Uzbek SEZ based on the global experience of successful countries such as China, Korea and Singapore.
SEKAR MACAPAT POCUNG: STUDY OF RELIGIOUS VALUES BASED ON THE LOCAL WISDOM OF JAVANESE CULTURE
Authors: Saddhono Kundharu , Pramestuti Dewi
Published: June 2018

Javanese culture is a system of ideas which directs Javanese people’s attitude and behaviors. It contains local wisdom that has a great influence on their daily life. The research method employed in this study is descriptive qualitative by implementing content analysis approach. The data studied are the scripts of Sekar Macapat Pocung. Local wisdom has a highly philosopical meaning which enhances the tenacity of nations. Tembang Macapat is considered as a form of local wisdom in Javanese culture. Sekar Macapat Pocung is the eleventh popular meters of recited Javanese poem. Through the recited Javanese poem, Islamic religious values and noble values are delivered meaningfully. It becomes precept and inseparable part of Javanese people in leading religious and national life.

Budaya Jawa merupakan suatu sistem yang menjadi pedoman bagi masyarakat Jawa dalam berperilaku dan bersikap. Di dalam budaya Jawa terdapat kearifan lokal sebagai pendorong yang kuat dalam kehidupan masyarakat Jawa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis isi. Data yang dikaji adalah naskah Sekar Macapat Pocung. Kearifan lokal budaya Jawa mengandung makna filosofis yang meningkatkan ketahanan nasional sebuah bangsa. Tembang Macapat termasuk wujud kearifan lokal budaya Jawa. Sekar Macapat Pocung adalah metrum kesebelas yang dikenal sebagai produk budaya berbentuk puisi Jawa kuno yang dilagukan. Melalui syair dalam tembang, nilai-nilai religus Islam dan pitutur bijak disampaikan penuh makna. Nilai-nilai religus Islam dan pitutur bijak dalam Sekar Macapat Pocung menjadi pegangan dan bagian hidup yang tak terpisahkan dari masyarakat Jawa dalam menjalani kehidupan beragama dan berbangsa.
ARAB COMMUNITY ENCOUNTER WITH KAILI CULTURE IN EDUCATION AND DA’WAH
Authors: Mahid Syakir , Andriansyah Andriansyah , Wekke Ismail Suardi
Published: June 2018

This article identifies the Islamic education movement and da’wah (Islamic missionary endeavor) of the Arab community in Palu incorporated in the Alkhairat organization. The formation of this organization arose from a madrasah (madrassa) named “Madrasah Alkhairat Al-Islamiyah” found by Sayyid Idrus bin Salim Aljufri, an ulama (Islamic scholar) from Hadramaut, in 1930 in Palu. The formation of the madrasah was the response of the Arab community in Palu Valley to the Christianization of Dutch Christian missionaries under the auspices of the Leger Dois Heist (Salvation Army). This study uses non-participant observation methods and purposive in-depth interviews with ten subjects consisted of leaders, teachers and staffs in Alkhairat to obtain data related to the topic. Furthermore, the authors verify the data. Finally, this article shows that the Islamic education and da’wah movement undertaken by the Arab community in Palu Valley reflects the process of integration and harmonization of Arabs with local people, and has supported the construction progress in Palu.

Artikel ini mengidentifikasi gerakan pendidikan dan dakwah Islam komunitas Arab di Palu yang tergabung dalam organisasi Alkhairat. Terbentuknya organisasi ini berawal dari sebuah madrasah bernama “Madrasah Alkhairat Al-Islamiyah” yang didirikan oleh Sayyid Idrus bin Salim Aljufri, seorang Ulama asal Hadramaut, pada tahun 1930 di Palu. Pembentukan madrasah tersebut merupakan respon komunitas Arab di Lembah Palu terhadap kristenisasi yang dilakukan oleh para misionaris kristen Belanda di bawah naungan Leger Dois Heist (Bala Keselamatan) terhadap masyarakat Palu dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi non-partisipan dan wawancara mendalam terhadap sepuluh orang yang terdiri pimpinan, guru maupun staff dalam jaringan Alkhairat guna mendapatkan data terkait topik yang dikaji. Selanjutnya, penulis melakukan verifikasi data yang dijadikan bahan dalam penulisan. Akhirnya, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa gerakan pendidikan dan dakwah Islam yang dilakukan oleh komunitas Arab di Lembah Palu mencerminkan proses integrasi dan upaya harmonisasi orang-orang Arab dengan masyarakat lokal setempat serta telah mendukung perkembangan pembangunan di Kota Palu.
Eficácia vertical e horizontal das decisões no sistema espanhol de Controle Concentrado de Normas
Authors: Freitas Juliana
Published: May 2018

Diante da imposição constitucional de se preservar o respeito ao tratamento igualitário àqueles que se situam em relações jurídicas idênticas, surge a necessidade de se fundamentar objetiva e razoavelmente os eventuais tratamentos jurisdicionais diferenciados. Assim, torna-se imperiosa a necessidade de os juízes buscarem elementos objetivos que aproximam e afastam não apenas as situações fáticas, como também aquelas jurídicas – que envolvem o caso posto à sua análise – exatamente para evitar a violação ao princípio constitucional da igualdade na aplicação da lei, que ocorre quando tal igualdade não se configura nos juízos emitidos pelo Tribunal Constitucional, seja vertical ou horizontalmente.
Responsabilidade objetiva no Código de Defesa do Consumidor
Authors: Bessa Leonardo Roscoe
Published: May 2018

Este artigo aborda a responsabilidade objetiva no Código de Defesa do Consumidor – Lei nº 8.078/90. Antes, apresenta-se uma breve trajetória histórica da teoria da culpa no direito civil do sistema civil law e elabora-se crítica à visão simplificadora no sentido de que os danos aos consumidores decorrem ou de fato ou de vício do produto ou serviço (arts. 12 a 25 da Lei nº 8.078/90). Sustenta-se que o Código de Defesa do Consumidor, ao estabelecer no art. 6º, VI, o direito básico do consumidor “a efetiva prevenção e reparação de danos patrimoniais e morais”, instituiu cláusula geral de responsabilidade objetiva para as relações de consumo. Por fim, é feita uma análise dos aspectos polêmicos concernentes ao significado da responsabilidade objetiva na disciplina por fato e vicio do produto e serviço.
Special Issue on Application of GNSS for Mitigating Natural Disaster
Authors: Kato Teruyuki , Ohta Yusaku , Munekane Hiroshi
Published: May 2018

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been utilized in a variety of research fields within the geosciences. This research has been further developed for application to hazard monitoring and natural disaster mitigation. Some developments have even been implemented in society in countermeasures against natural disasters. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI), for example, has established a nationwide GNSS network called GEONET. The data from GEONET are used extensively among researchers and practitioners, not only for basic research but also for the development of methods and systems that can mitigate disasters. This special volume is a collection of articles that discuss how such methods and systems are now being developed and/or planned to both clarify the mechanisms behind natural hazards and mitigate the damage they may cause. The volume consists of 13 papers covering a wide range of natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, crustal movements, tsunamis, ionospheric disturbances, and volcanic eruptions. Some papers help us to understand how natural hazards behave, which should be the first step toward disaster mitigation. On the other hand, other articles report direct efforts made toward providing early warnings of impending disasters. Disaster mitigation systems may require real-time (and even kinematic with high-rate data sampling) processing and dissemination of data. Moreover, some applications involve data collection from coastal waters and the open sea. Now that the density of GNSS stations has approached saturation on land, the scarcity of data collected offshore will have to be rectified through the development of GNSS systems in the ocean. We do hope that this volume will be a step in the further progress of utilizing GNSS for disaster monitoring and mitigation in the future to make society safer and more secure.
GEONET as Infrastructure for Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Tsuji Hiromichi ,   Geospatial Information Authority of Japan 1 Kitasato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0811, Japan, Hatanaka Yuki
Published: May 2018

The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan operates one of the largest GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Station networks in the world, GEONET, consisting of more than 1,300 GNSS-based control points in Japan. GEONET has become a social infrastructure for surveying and mapping, monitoring crustal deformation, and mitigating natural disasters. It is also used for precise positioning to guide construction and farm machines, and even for weather forecasting. Here we review its history and outlook, focusing on its application to disaster mitigation. As Japan is surrounded by four tectonic plates with interactions that lead to frequent earthquakes and volcanic activities, it must maintain such a geodetic infrastructure for monitoring crustal deformations in as near to real-time for possible disaster mitigation.
Real-Time GNSS Analysis System REGARD: An Overview and Recent Results
Authors: Kawamoto Satoshi , Takamatsu Naofumi , Abe Satoshi , Miyagawa Kohei , Ohta Yusaku , Todoriki Masaru , Nishimura Takuya ,   Geospatial Information Authority of Japan 1 Kitasato, Tsukuba 305-0811, Japan,   Research Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,   Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan,   Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Published: May 2018

A new real-time Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) analysis system named REGARD has been launched to provide finite-fault models for large earthquakes with magnitudes =8 in real time. The finite-fault estimates using GNSS positioning are free from saturation problems and are very robust for modeling large earthquakes. The REGARD system processes ∼1,200 stations of GEONET, and event detection and finite-fault model inversion routines are implemented. Tests for the case of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Mw9.0) and a simulated Nankai Trough earthquake (Mw8.7) show that the REGARD system can provide reliable finite-fault models for large earthquakes. Furthermore, operational real-time results for the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mj7.3) demonstrated the capability of this system to model inland earthquakes. These results imply the possibility of improving tsunami simulations and/or hazard information using rapid finite-fault models. Efforts to integrate real-time GNSS with current warning systems are currently being implemented around the world, and the REGARD system will join these systems in the near future.
Development of GNSS Buoy for a Synthetic Geohazard Monitoring System
Authors: Kato Teruyuki , Terada Yukihiro , Tadokoro Keiichi , Kinugasa Natsuki , Futamura Akira , Toyoshima Morio , Yamamoto Shin-ichi , Ishii Mamoru , Tsugawa Takuya , Nishioka Michi , Takizawa Kenichi , Shoji Yoshinori , Seko Hiromu ,   Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan,   National Institute of Technology, Kochi College, Kochi, Japan,   Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan,   National Institute of Technology, Yuge College, Ehime, Japan,   Wireless Networks Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan,   Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan,   Resilient ICT Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan,   Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
Published: May 2018

The GNSS buoy system for early tsunami warnings has been under development for about 20 years. A small prototype buoy was first deployed in Sagami Bay, Japan, in 1997. Then, after a series of experiments aiming for operational use, the system was implemented as a part of national wave monitoring system NOWPHAS. The NOWPHAS system had set up more than 10 GNSS buoys around Japan by 2011, and it recorded the tsunami caused by the 11 March 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake. The records were used to update the tsunami warning at the time of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake. However, the buoys were placed less than 20 km from the coast, as the system used the baseline mode RTK-GPS algorithm, which was not far enough for effective evacuation of people. Thus, we began trying to improve the system by putting the buoys much farther from the coast. The new system employs a newly developed positioning algorithm, Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution (PPP-AR), together with satellite data transmission. A series of experiments involving the new system successfully indicated changes in sea level with an accuracy of a few centimeters. Given the success of the experiments, we are trying to use the GNSS buoys not only to provide early tsunami warnings but also to monitor various other geohazards. For example, we are trying to use the GNSS-Acoustic system to continuously monitor crustal movements on the ocean floor, to monitor the ionosphere, and to monitor the atmosphere. Ancillary sensors on the buoys will be utilized for oceanographic monitoring as well.
Current Status of Postseismic Deformation Following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake
Authors: Suito Hisashi ,   Geospatial Information Authority of Japan 1 Kitasato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0811, Japan
Published: May 2018

Postseismic deformation following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake has been observed by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Earth Observation Network System (GEONET) and the Seafloor Geodetic Observation (SGO) over the past six and half years. Observed deformation at onshore sites exceeds 140 cm horizontally, there is uplift of 50 cm, and deformation tends eastward. However, offshore sites reveal complex patterns ranging from near-zero deformation in the northern part of Iwate-Oki, to westward in the southern part of Iwate-Oki, Miyagi-Oki, and the northern part of Fukushima-Oki regions, and eastward in the southern part of Fukushima-Oki and Ibaraki-Oki regions, respectively. The vertical deformation pattern is more complex than the horizontal. Offshore sites demonstrate subsidence but a large uplift is observed onshore along the Pacific coast. Subsidence is only observed along the Pacific coast in the northern part of Iwate, where there are variations in uplift or subsidence patterns. Many previous 2011 Tohoku-Oki event studies have used a primary model that considers only the afterslip effect. However, westward displacements observed by the SGO highlight the importance of viscoelastic relaxation, even during short-term deformation. It is thus considered that studies on postseismic deformation following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake should adopt a combined afterslip and viscoelastic model. Postseismic deformation following this event is estimated to continue for more than a few decades; therefore, assessing this effect is crucial for interpreting crustal deformation in Japan. Information on the status of interplate coupling or slip is also vital when assessing earthquake occurrence probability. The continued observation of postseismic deformation and careful monitoring of temporal and spatial changes in interplate coupling or slip will mitigate hazards from successive large megathrust earthquakes and improve understanding of crustal activity in Japan.
Effects of Framing on Earthquake Risk Perception in Chiang Rai, Thailand
Authors: Intaratchaiyakit Narongdej ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Teachavorasinskun Supot
Published: May 2018

The effects of framing are important to the perception of earthquake risk. This research investigated the effects of framing on the people’s perception of earthquake risk in Chiang Rai, Thailand. There were three frames conveying the same earthquake risk but presented in different terms. These statements were in frequency terms of building damage: 475 severely damaged private buildings in 500 years, 10% chance of occurrence in 50 years, and one severely damaged private building per year. The objective of this research was to determine whether framing the same earthquake risk in different terms led to different perceptions of the risk by different people, leading to 1. what would be the most effective framing type regarding severely damaged private buildings, 2. which affected people’s earthquake risk perception most, and 3. whether experiencing an earthquake disaster would change the risk perception of the residents. The result showed that presenting the risk as “one severely damaged private building per year” was the most commonly selected among the three frames and was statistically significant. This finding clarifies that short time frames influence people’s earthquake risk decisions, and agencies can effectively use framing to communicate the earthquake risk to people in seismic regions to stimulate their earthquake preparedness and to reduce future earthquake risk. However, earthquake experience does not change the risk perception of the residents.
Response to Discussion by Muneta Yokomatsu on Kuniyoshi Takeuchi and Shigenobu Tanaka: Recovery from Catastrophe and Building Back Better, JDR Vol.11 No.6, pp. 1190-1201, Dec. 2016
Authors: Takeuchi Kuniyoshi , Tanaka Shigenobu ,   University of Yamanashi 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan,   Water Resources Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Published: May 2018

Mr. Yokomatsu provided valuable comments on the paper JDR Vol.11 No.6, pp. 1190-1201 by Takeuchi and Tanaka. The discusser claims that if “direct loss” is defined as a “loss of assets (capital stock)” and “indirect loss” as a “loss of postdisaster production decline,” then the sum of the two as the “total loss” of a disaster contains a double count of disaster loss, because the “value of assets (capital stock)” for “direct loss” is the present value of an output to be produced in the future by the assets, which is nothing but “indirect loss.” This is a misunderstanding caused by an ambiguous definition of the term “loss of assets.” In order to avoid such misunderstanding, the authors clarify the definition by elaborating the content of “total loss” = “direct loss” + “indirect loss” as the “total loss of assets” = “loss of the physical acquisition cost of assets” + “loss of the potential production profit of assets.”
MINERAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE ANALYSIS OF BULBINE ABYSSINICA A. RICH. USED IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Kibiti Cromwell Mwiti , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: May 2018

Background: B. abyssinica is a succulent member of the genus Bulbine (Asphodelaceae). It occurs from the Eastern Cape, through Swaziland and further north to Ethiopia. The species is used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatism, dysentery, bilharzia, cracked lips and diabetes. The tea leaf is used to treat cough, vaginal and bladder problems. Whereas B. abyssinica has ethno medicinal value, not much data concerning its phytonutrient, macro and micro element composition can be found in literature.

Materials and Methods: Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the nutritional quantitative composition of the plant using standard procedures.

Results: The proximate analysis revealed the carbohydrate, crude fibre, moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fat contents as 74.8%, 8.9%, 8.8%, 8%, 7.7% and 0.6%, respectively. The species showed high levels of oxalates and phytic acids, moderate levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and phenols, while tannins were in low levels. Vitamin A, C and E contents were 12, 12.3 and 22.1 mg/100g, respectively. Amongst the mineral elements investigated, potassium and calcium were in high levels. Magnesium, iron, sodium, aluminium and phosphorus were moderately present, while manganese, zinc and copper where in low amounts. These vitamins and mineral elements were within their recommended daily allowance in humans.

Conclusion: The amount of these phytochemicals suggests the plant can serve as nutritional supplements which are vital in maintaining good health status. These findings also suggest the potential role of B. abyssinica in the treatment of infections and some chronic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus.
BITTER HERBS OF EASTERN NIGERIA (GONGRONEMA LATIFOLIUM, VERNONIA AMYGDALINA AND VITEX DONIANA): A REVIEW
Authors: Chinwe U. Asuzu
Published: May 2018

Background: The article is a review of three bitter vegetables consumed in South-eastern Nigeria (Gongronema

latifolium, Vernonia amygdalina and Vitex doniana). These vegetables are not very palatable to taste but are highly

famed because of the myriad of illnesses that they are reputed to cure and manage. The different aspects of these

vegetables reviewed are their ethnobotany, zoo pharmacology, bioactivity, phytochemistry and toxicity.

Materials and method: The literatures consulted were searched using electronic search engines (Google, Google

scholar and Pubmed). Substantial amount of literature was consulted but only those directly related to the main review

were selected.

Result: The review revealed that the three bitter vegetables possessed phytochemicals like saponins, flavonoids,

alkaloids among others that justify the claims of curing and managing many of the illnesses that traditional folks

attribute to them. From literature, antimicrobial, antinflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti cancer activities

were attributed to these three bitter herbs. Antinutritional substances like phytate and oxalate reported in these herbs

were not regarded as harmful for human consumption because of the traditional method of processing the vegetables by

squeeze washing in several changes of water.

Conclusion: The three bitter herbs are regarded as beneficial for human consumption and the information should be

disseminated to a large audience.

Key words: V. amygdalina, V. doniana, G.