bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of first‐line sintilimab plus anlotinib versus chemotherapy for metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer: a phase II, open‐label, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chu Tianqing , Zhong Hua , Yu Zhuang , Wang Jing , Zhao Yanqiu , Mu Xiaoqian , Yu Xinmin , Shi Xun , Shi Qingming , Guan Maojing , Ding Cuimin , Geng Nan , Qian Jialin , Han Baohui
Published: January 2025

Background

The prognosis for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with standard platinum‐based chemotherapy was suboptimal, with safety concerns. Following encouraging results from a preliminary phase I study, this phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of first‐line sintilimab and anlotinib in metastatic NSCLC.

Methods

In this open‐label, randomized controlled trial (NCT04124731), metastatic NSCLC without epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), or proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase ROS (ROS1) mutations, and previous treatments for metastatic disease were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either sintilimab (200 mg every 3 weeks) plus anlotinib (12 mg D1‐14 every 3 weeks) or a standard platinum‐based chemotherapy regimen. Patients in the chemotherapy group were permitted to switch to sintilimab after disease progression. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR).

Results

From November 2019 to March 2023, 99 patients were randomized into the sintilimab plus anlotinib group (n = 49) and the chemotherapy group (n = 50). The ORR was significantly higher in the sintilimab plus anlotinib group (44.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 30.7%‐59.8%) compared to the chemotherapy group (18.0%; 95% CI = 8.6%‐31.4%, P = 0.003). Progression‐free survival (PFS) was also notably longer (median: 14.4 vs. 5.6 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.23‐0.67; P < 0.001). The 24‐month overall survival rate was 58.4% (95% CI = 40.4%‐72.6%) and 43.2% (95% CI = 26.0%‐59.2%), respectively. The rate of grade 3 or higher treatment‐related adverse events was lower in the sintilimab plus anlotinib group (28.0%) than in the chemotherapy group (49.0%), especially for the hematological toxicities.

Conclusion

First‐line sintilimab plus anlotinib showed improved ORR and PFS, alongside a superior safety profile, compared to the standard platinum‐based chemotherapy for metastatic NSCLC patients.
Inhibiting H3K27 Demethylases Downregulates CREB‐CREBBP, Overcoming Resistance in Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Lazaro‐Navarro Juan , Alcon Clara , Dorel Mathurin , Alasfar Lina , Bastian Lorenz , Baldus Claudia , Astrahantseff Kathy , Yaspo Marie‐Laure , Montero Joan , Eckert Cornelia
Published: January 2025

Background

CREB binding protein (CREBBP) is a key epigenetic regulator, altered in a fifth of relapsed cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Selectively targeting epigenetic signaling may be an effective novel therapeutic approach to overcome drug resistance. Anti‐tumor effects have previously been demonstrated for GSK‐J4, a selective H3K27 histone demethylase inhibitor, in several animal models of cancers.

Methods

To characterize the effect of GSK‐J4, drug response profiling, CRISPR‐Dropout Screening, BH3 profiling and immunoblotting were carried out in ALL cell lines or patient derived samples.

Results

Here we provide evidence that GSK‐J4 downregulates cyclic AMP‐responsive element‐binding protein (CREB) and CREBBP in B‐cell precursor‐ALL cell lines and patient samples. High CREBBP expression in BCP‐ALL cell lines correlated with high GSK‐J4 sensitivity and low dexamethasone sensitivity. GSK‐J4 treatment also induced Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL dependency and apoptosis.

Conclusions

This study proposes H3K27 demethylase inhibition as a potential treatment strategy for patients with treatment‐resistant ALL, using CREBBP as a biomarker for drug response and combining GSK‐J4 with venetoclax and navitoclax as synergistic partners.
‘Martial Arts Crossed Over Into the Rest of My Life’: A Qualitative Exploration of Australian Practitioners' Experiences of Martial Arts and Combat Sports on Wellbeing
Authors: Healey Gene , Neumann David , Cornell Samuel , Piatkowski Timothy
Published: January 2025

Martial arts and combat sports (MA&CS) have emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing health and wellbeing amidst growing concerns about noncommunicable diseases and mental health issues. This study explored the lived experiences of practitioners engaged in modern MA&CS, such as mixed martial arts (MMA), to understand how the practice of modern MA&CS impacts individuals biologically, psychologically and socially. Guided by the Biopsychosocial Model of Health and adopting a social constructivism lens, 16 participants aged 28–55 years underwent semi‐structured interviews, exploring the physiological, psychological and social dimensions of their engagement in modern MA&CS. Through thematic analysis, three overarching themes were developed. The first theme highlighted the role of rigorous training in fostering resilience, discipline and personal growth. The second theme demonstrated how MA&CS builds self‐confidence, reduces aggression and encourages prosocial behaviour. Lastly, the third theme underscored the importance of gym environments in fostering inclusivity, mutual respect and belonging. Modern MA&CS training transcends the gym offering a unique framework that promotes biopsychosocial wellbeing through resilience, confidence and community connection. Modern MA&CS holds potential for educational, therapeutic and community interventions aimed at fostering holistic wellbeing across diverse contexts.
Exploring the Morality of Tax Morale
Authors: Puklavec Žiga , Stavrova Olga , Kogler Christoph , Zeelenberg Marcel
Published: January 2025

Tax morale, commonly measured as a moral evaluation of cheating on taxes, is important for shaping policy to increase voluntary compliance. Although tax morale is commonly understood as citizens' moral responsibility to pay taxes, there is a dearth of empirical research on whether and how differences in basic morality shape tax morale. Three studies investigated associations between moral ideals, as defined by Moral Foundations Theory, and tax morale. Study 1 (N = 103,474; 57 countries) examined how national differences in moral foundations predict individuals' tax morale. Study 2 (N = 1019) and Study 3 (N = 1001) focused on individual‐level differences. All studies employed multiverse analyses, iterating through multiple combinations of control variables. Despite the apparent semantic similarities between morality and tax morale, consistent empirical connections emerged only with respect to individualising foundations, in particular, fairness. Findings provide first evidence for the role of morality in tax morale, while contributing to a better understanding of why people pay taxes.
Rotational Atherectomy Followed by Modified (Cutting or Scoring) Balloon Versus Plain Balloon Before Drug‑Eluting Stent Implantation for Calcified Coronary Lesions: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Khalefa Basma Badrawy , Ayyad Mohammed , Alqeeq Basel F. , Albandak Maram , Ayyad Alaa , Awad Ahmed K. , Gonnah Ahmed R. , Roberts David H.
Published: January 2025

Coronary calcification is a major factor leading to stent under‐expansion, and subsequent adverse events. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the short and long‑term outcomes of rotational atherectomy (RA), followed by modified balloon (cutting or scoring) (MB) versus plain balloon before drug‑eluting stent implantation for calcified coronary lesions. We searched PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), from inception until 30 January 2024. The risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to compare dichotomous outcomes, while continuous outcomes were reported in form of mean difference (MD). Our study included seven studies with 309 patients undergoing RA followed by MB angioplasty, and 414 patients had RA followed by conventional plain balloon angioplasty, before stent implantation. Our analysis revealed no significant difference in‐hospital mortality (RR = 0.64, 95% CI [0.18, 2.23], p = 0.49), or long‐term mortality (RR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.18, 2.36], p = 0.51). MACE were significantly lower in the cutting balloon group (RR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.37, 0.92], p = 0.02). Angiographic minimum lumen diameter, and change in percent diameter stenosis were significantly higher in the MB group (MD = 0.19, 95% CI [0.08, 0.31], p = < 0.01), and (MD = 3.75, 95% CI [0.76, 6.74], p = 0.01) respectively. No difference was found regarding target lesion revascularization (RR: 0.50, 95% CI [0.24, 1.04], p = 0.06), or target vessel revascularization (RR: 0.71, 95% CI [0.38, 1.33], p = 0.28). RA followed by MB is as safe plain balloon angioplasty before stent implantation in moderate to severely calcified coronary lesions. Moreover, it is associated with significantly better immediate angiographic outcomes, and significantly lower MACE.
Influence of Asymmetrical Ligand Substitution on the Formation, Stability, and Reactivity of Ruthenium(III)‐Hypochlorite Complexes
Authors: Panwar Payal , Rawat Shreya , Yadav Rolly , He Jason Z. , Wong Henrik P. H. , Sastri Chivukula V. , de Visser Sam P.
Published: January 2025

Hypohalites are commonly generated in biological systems, mostly with functions related to defense and immune system response. These hypohalites can bind to metal centers and are known for their strong oxidizing properties that play crucial roles in various biological processes. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of novel biomimetic Ru(III)‐hypochlorite complexes and focus the work on the electronic effects associated with the incorporation of methyl groups in a pentadentate ligand framework in an asymmetric fashion. The intermediates are stable at room temperature and were characterized by mass spectrometry, UV‐vis absorption, resonance Raman and EPR spectroscopy. We show for the first time that the resultant ruthenium‐hypochlorite adducts function as an electrophilic oxidant and efficiently catalyze hydrogen atom abstraction reactions from phenol and oxygen atom transfer reactions with dimethylsulfide.
The Transcription Factor SOX18 Inhibitor Small Molecule 4 Is a Potential Treatment of Cancer‐Induced Lymphatic Metastasis and Lymphangiosarcoma
Authors: Koll Katja K. , Zimmermann Martin M. , Will Patrick A. , Kneser Ulrich , Hirche Christoph
Published: January 2025

Background

Malignant tumors release growth factors, promoting lymphangiogenesis in primary tumors and draining sentinel lymph nodes, ultimately facilitating lymph node metastasis. As a malignant lymphatic tumor entity, lymphangiosarcomas are characterized by low survival rates and limited treatment options. The transcription factor SOX18 plays a crucial role in both lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation and cancer‐induced lymphangiogenesis.

Aims

In this in vitro study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of a small molecule called Sm4, which inhibits SOX18, on lymphatic endothelial and lymphangiosarcoma cells in vitro.

Methods and Results

Human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs), lymphangiosarcoma cells (MO‐LAS), and other endothelial cell lines were cultured. We found that Sox18 exhibited high mRNA expression levels in both HDLEC and MO‐LAS. Sm4 treatment decreased the Sox18 expression level at the mRNA and protein levels in both HDLEC and MO‐LAS significantly, a phenomenon confirmed through immunofluorescence images. Additionally, Sm4 treatment suppressed the expression of key lymphatic phenotype markers (Prox1, Flt4, and Lyve1) and hindered migration in both HDLEC and MO‐LAS, all while maintaining cell viability.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that targeting SOX18 with Sm4 may hold potential as a therapeutic strategy for lymphangiosarcoma and cancer‐induced lymphatic metastasis. Further in vitro studies are warranted to investigate the mechanisms and conduct dose–response analyses to evaluate Sm4's potential as a targeted therapy for lymphangiosarcoma and cancer‐induced lymphangiogenesis in the future.
Epidemiology of Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Iran: Four‐Year National Cancer Registry Data Report (2014–2017)
Authors: Banadaki Mohammad Sajed Dehghan , Rahmanian Vahid , Hosseini Saeed , Hosseini Seyyed Mohammad Hossein , Hazar Narjes
Published: January 2025

Introduction

An uncommon and diverse class of cancers originating from mesenchymal tissues is designated as soft tissue sarcoma (STS). To develop effective preventive and treatment strategies for STS, it is essential to gain a deeper understanding of the epidemiological trends associated with the disease. This research will analyze the 4‐year age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and geographical distribution of STS in Iran in great detail.

Methods

The study population comprised 4968 cases of STS recorded in the Cancer Registry System between 2014 and 2017. The demographic data examined included gender, place of residence, and year of diagnosis. The age‐standardized rate (ASR) of STS incidence was calculated for each location using the World Standard Population. The data were examined using the program ArcMap10.5. The geographic distribution of STS was investigated using the Moran test.

Results

The ASRs for STS in Iran from 2014 to 2017 were recorded as 1.25 (ASR in male: 1.47, ASR in female: 1.06), 1.36 (ASR in male: 1.46, ASR in female: 1.29), 1.37 (ASR in male: 1.52, ASR in female: 1.21), and 1.78 (ASR in male: 1.58, ASR in female: 1.98), respectively. In 2014 and 2015, age‐standardized incidence at the national level showed a statistically significant regional dispersion that appeared as a clustering pattern, according to Moran's test. However, in 2016 and 2017, this dispersion failed to become statistically significant. Interestingly, men had a greater rate of STS incidence than females. As age grows, ASIR shows a steadily rising trend. The most important gains are shown in the 55–59 age group, which peaked at 4.535 in 2017, and the 80–84 age group, which peaked at 10.848 in the same year.

Conclusion

The incidence of STS in Iran is lower than the global average. The discrepancies in gender disparities, regional distribution, and incidence rates underscore the complexity of STSs. The findings of this study may assist healthcare professionals and policymakers in the development of region‐specific plans for the treatment, early detection, and prevention of STSs.
Gas‐phase Conformational Landscape and Ring‐puckered Structure of 1‐aminoindane
Authors: Neeman Elias M. , Lesarri Alberto , Bermúdez Celina
Published: January 2025

Indane‐based molecules are effective scaffolds for different pharmaceutical products, so it is relevant to analyze the relation between structure and functionality in indane derivatives. Here, we have characterized the conformational landscape and molecular structure of 1‐aminoindane in the gas phase using chirped‐excitation Fourier‐transform microwave spectroscopy and computational methods. The rotational spectrum confirmed the presence of two conformers, which were identified based on their rotational constants and 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor elements. The observed conformers share the cyclopentane puckering and amino equatorial configuration but differ in the orientation of the amino group hydrogens. The spectral analysis further allowed the observation of all monosubstituted 13C and 15 N isotopologues in natural abundance for the most stable isomer, allowing a precise structural determination for this species. Structural information was derived using the substitution (
) and effective vibrational ground state (
) methods, revealing that the structure of 1‐aminoindane is very similar to that of indane. A calculation of the potential energy surface along the pathway for the conversion between the most stable equatorial species permitted to rationalize the non‐observation of additional conformers via molecular relaxation during the adiabatic expansion. The computational results include ab initio (MP2) and DFT methods (B3LYP, ωB97X−D and M06‐2X).
Modeling Malignant Mesothelioma in Genetically Engineered Mice
Authors: Kadariya Yuwaraj , Sementino Eleonora , Hua Xiang , Kappes Dietmar J. , Testa Joseph R.
Published: January 2025

Mesothelioma is a lethal cancer of the serosal lining of the body cavities. Risk factors include environmental and genetic factors. Asbestos exposure is considered the principal environmental risk factor, but other carcinogenic mineral fibers, such as erionite, also have a causal role. Pathogenic germline (heritable) mutations of specific genes, especially BAP1, are thought to predispose the individual to mesothelioma in about 10% of cases. Somatic mutations and deletions of specific tumor suppressor genes, particularly BAP1, CDKN2A/B, and NF2, occur frequently in human mesothelioma, and asbestos‐exposed mice with heterozygous deletions of any one of these genes have been shown to develop mesothelioma more often and at an accelerated rate than in control animals. Autochthonous mesothelioma mouse models, which are genetically engineered to carry multiple genetic lesions matching those observed in the human disease counterpart, closely resemble the disease phenotype and the extensive inflammatory responses that characterize human mesothelioma. Because autochthonous mice do not require asbestos exposure and form tumors rapidly, these models are invaluable for assessing novel therapeutic strategies in an immunocompetent setting. The overlapping genetic, epigenetic, and immune environments of the tumors observed in these genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and human primary mesothelioma specimens support the clinical relevance of these preclinical models. This article presents protocols for studies of asbestos‐induced mesothelioma in GEMMs and non‐carcinogenic conditional knockout models of mesothelioma, including an example of a preclinical application. These models are invaluable for understanding the biological underpinnings of mesothelioma and for testing new therapeutics and chemoprevention or interception agents. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Generation of a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) with a germline Bap1 knockout allele

Basic Protocol 2: Generation of GEMMs with germline Bap1 knock‐in alleles

Basic Protocol 3: Asbestos carcinogenicity investigations with GEMMs

Basic Protocol 4: Preclinical chemoprevention and chemotherapy studies using a GEMM with asbestos‐induced mesothelioma

Basic Protocol 5: Generation of a GEMM with conditional knockout of Bap1

Basic Protocol 6: Generation of a conditional knockout model of mesothelioma
Comparative Analyses and Phylogenetic Dependence in Traits and Trends of the Dipterocarpaceae
Authors: Malik Nazrin , Edwards David , Freckleton Robert P.
Published: January 2025

The role of trait evolution in shaping the functional and ecological diversity of tropical forests remains poorly understood. Analyses of trait variation as a function of evolutionary history and environmental variables should reveal the drivers of species distributions, as well as generate insights valuable to conservation. Here, we focus on the Dipterocarpaceae, the key plant family underpinning the hyperdiversity of South‐East Asian tropical forest canopies and of major conservation concern due to over‐exploitation for timber, cultivation, and climate change. Our objectives are to (i) assess whether dipterocarp species traits are phylogenetically conserved through a phylogenetic signal, indicating phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC); (ii) determine the drivers of dipterocarp species distribution; (iii) examine the relationship between morphological traits with habitat factors; and (iv) assess the correlation between conservation status and phylogeny. We compiled a dataset of species‐level plant traits of the Dipterocarpaceae together with population‐level ecological trends. We found substantial evidence of phylogenetic conservatism of plant traits in dipterocarp species, with a moderate to strong phylogenetic signal, and that the elevational gradient shapes dipterocarp species distribution pan‐tropically. Morphological traits including height and diameter show phylogenetically dependent relationships with soil type, while shade tolerance traits are related to survival. We find that conservation status is related to phylogeny and correlated with population trend status, suggesting that decreasing population trends correlated with conservation status. Overall, our analyses show that functional traits and ecological trends of dipterocarp species are shaped by the phylogenetic history. Our study highlights that conservation strategies require consideration of the consequences of these relationships for long‐term population changes.
Genetic Variation in Male Mate Choice for Large Females in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Freed Grace S. , Martinez Isabella G. , Lev Avigayil , Anthony Cuadrado Ana‐Maria , Pischedda Alison
Published: January 2025

Males in many species show courtship and mating preferences for certain females over others when given the choice. One of the most common targets of male mate choice in insects is female body size, with males preferring to court and mate with larger, higher‐fecundity females and investing more resources in matings with those females. Although this preference is well‐documented at the species level, less is known about how this preference varies within species and whether there is standing genetic variation for male mate choice within populations. We used hemiclonal analysis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to test for heritable genetic variation in pre‐ and postcopulatory components of male mate choice for large females. We found additive genetic variation for both forms of male choice: Males from different hemiclone lines varied in the strength of their courtship preferences for large females and the degree to which they extended matings with large females. Although males from hemiclone lines with stronger courtship preferences for large females were more likely to mate with those females, there was no genetic correlation between pre‐ and postcopulatory components of male mate choice, suggesting that they are under independent genetic control. Genetic variation in male mate choice may be widespread, potentially impacting the fitness of both sexes and the adaptive evolution of populations.
Forecasting Range Shifts in Terrestrial Alpine Insects Under Global Warming
Authors: Meza‐Joya Fabio Leonardo , Morgan‐Richards Mary , Trewick Steven A.
Published: January 2025

Anthropogenic planetary heating is disrupting global alpine systems, but our ability to empirically measure and predict responses in alpine species distributions is impaired by a lack of comprehensive data and technical limitations. We conducted a comprehensive, semi‐quantitative review of empirical studies on contemporary range shifts in alpine insects driven by climate heating, drawing attention to methodological issues and potential biotic and abiotic factors influencing variation in responses. We highlight case studies showing how range dynamics may affect standing genetic variation and adaptive potential, and discuss how data integration frameworks can improve forecasts. Although biotic and abiotic factors influence individual species responses, most alpine insects studied so far are shifting to higher elevations. Upslope shifts are often accompanied by range contractions that are expected to diminish species genetic variation and adaptive potential, increasing extinction risk. Endemic species on islands are predicted to be especially vulnerable. Inferences drawn from the responses of alpine insects, also have relevance to species in other montane habitats. Correlative niche modelling is a keystone tool to predict range responses to planetary heating, but its limited ability to consider biological processes underpinning species' responses complicates interpretation. Alpine insects exhibit some potential to respond to rising temperatures via genetic change or phenotypic plasticity. Thus, future efforts should incorporate biological processes by using flexible hybrid niche modelling approaches to enhance the biological realism of predictions. Boosting scientific capability to envisage the future of alpine environments and their associated biota is imperative given that the speed and intensity of heating on high‐mountain ecosystems can surpass our ability to collect the empirical data required to guide effective conservation planning and management decisions.
Comparative Analysis of Seventeen Mitochondrial Genomes of Mileewinae Leafhoppers, Including the Unique Species Mileewa digitata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mileewinae) From Xizang, China, and New Insights Into Phylogenetic Relationships Within Mileewini
Authors: He Hongli , Yan Bin , Yu Xiaofei , Yang Maofa
Published: January 2025

The subfamily Mileewinae in China comprises one tribe (Mileewini), four genera (Ujna, Mileewa, Processina, Anzihelus), and 71 species, yet only 11 mitochondrial genomes have been published. This study aimed to elucidate ambiguous diagnostic traits in traditional taxonomy and examined phylogenetic relationships among genera by sequencing mitochondrial genomes from 16 species. The lengths of the mitochondrial genomes ranged from 14,532 to 15,280 bp, exhibiting an AT content of 77.2%–80.7%, indicative of AT bias. Each genome contains 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). Notably, the genome of the Xizang endemic Mileewa digitata measures 15,280 bp, with an AT content of 80.7%, 10,941 bp of PCGs, and a 949 bp control region (CR) followed by a 19 bp poly‐A tail. Gene arrangement among the 17 genomes mirrors that of other Mileewinae species. Analyses of nucleotide diversity and evolutionary rates indicate purifying selection on PCGs, with atp8 exhibiting the greatest variability and evolutionary rate, whereas cox1 shows the least. Genetic distance studies display minimal separation among Mileewa species, specifically Mileewa nii with Mileewa margheritae and Mileewa rufivena with Mileewa ussurica, as well as the two morphs of Mileewa digitata. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) generated six trees, further questioning the monophyly of the genera Mileewa, Ujna, and Processina. The reconstructed ancestral state based on the forewing patch position suggests that the common ancestor of Chinese Mileewini species was situated exclusively on the costal margin, prompting a proposed division of the tribe's species into two categories (genera). This research enriches the understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Mileewinae and contributes to the mitochondrial genome database for this group, paving the way for future taxonomic studies in China.
Crystal Structure, Band Gap, and Optoelectronic Performance of Lead‐Free Cs2FeCl5⋅H2O Erythrosiderite‐Halide Single Crystal and Its Thin Film
Authors: Wang Chen , Cao Wenhuan , Shen Huimeng , Gao Huidan , Zhou Huawei , Guo Xiaoying
Published: January 2025

The unique physical and chemical properties of erythrosiderite‐halides make them candidates for semiconductor materials and optoelectronic devices. However, research on the optoelectronic properties of these materials is still relatively limited. This study presents the crystal structure and optoelectronic properties of Cs₂FeCl₅⋅H₂O erythrosiderite halide. The results show that Cs₂FeCl₅⋅H₂O is an orange‐red needle‐like crystal, with its crystal system and space group belonging to the orthorhombic system and Cmcm(63), respectively. Photodetectors made from Cs₂FeCl₅⋅H₂O exhibit stable photocurrent responses in the visible light range (from 397 to 564 nm). Under conditions of a light intensity of 30 W/m2 at 397 nm with a bias voltage of 4.5 V, the responsivity of Cs₂FeCl₅⋅H₂O is 8.41 mA/W, and the detectivity is 4.43 × 106 Jones. There is a strong linear relationship between the net photocurrent density of Cs₂FeCl₅⋅H₂O and light intensity, as well as a strong linear relationship between responsivity and voltage, with R2=0.96. Thus, Cs₂FeCl₅⋅H₂O has excellent optoelectronic performance and is a promising compound for optoelectronic applications.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Ammonia by Ferrate(VI) in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Wang Fengqin , Li Lin , Shan Hui‐Mei , Li Xinru , Feng Sushan , Lau Tai‐Chu , Liu Yingying , Wang Qian
Published: January 2025

Metal oxo complexes are potentially useful for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia to produce nitrite/nitrate or for the construction of ammonia fuel cell. In the work we have studied the kinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation of ammonia by ferrate(VI) (FeO42–), a well‐defined metal oxo species. The kinetics was investigated over a pH range of 7.5 to 10, the rate‐law is rate=k2[ferrate][ammonia]. k2 decrease with increasing pH, the results indicated that at pH 7.5 the reacting species are HFeO4– and NH4+, while at pH >9 the reacting species are FeO42– and NH3. At pH 7.5 the reaction occurs according to the following stoichiometry: 8HFeO4– + 3NH4+ + 3H2O →8Fe(OH)3 + 3NO3– + 2OH–. Nitrate is also formed as the predominantly product at higher pHs. Based on the experimental results and DFT calculations, the proposed mechanism involves an oxygen‐atom transfer from ferrate(VI) to ammonia to produce hydroxylamine, which is then rapidly oxidized by excess ferrate to nitrate.
Unhelpful Information About Low Back and Neck Pain on Physiotherapist's Websites
Authors: van der Noord Robert , Reezigt Roland R. , Paap Davy , Schiphorst Preuper Henrica R. , Reneman Michiel F.
Published: January 2025

Background

The internet is increasingly used as a primary source of information for patients with musculoskeletal pain. Private physiotherapy practices provide informative content on low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) on their websites, but the extent to which this information is biopsychosocial, guidelines‐consistent, and fear‐inducing is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse the information on websites of private physiotherapy practices in the Netherlands about LBP and NP regarding consistency with the guidelines and the biopsychosocial model and to explore the use of fear‐inducing language.

Methods

The content of all existing Dutch private physiotherapy practice websites was examined in a cross sectional study design. Content analysis was based on predetermined criteria of the biopsychosocial model and evidence‐based guidelines. Descriptive statistics were applied.

Results

After removing duplicates and sites without information, 834 (10%) of 8707 websites remained. Information about LBP was found on 449 (54%) websites and 295 (35%) websites informed about NP. A majority of websites (LBP: n = 287, 64%; NP: n = 174, 59%) were biomedically oriented. Treatment advice was given 1855 times on n = 560 (67%) websites. Most of the recommended interventions were inconsistent with or not mentioned in the guidelines. Fear‐inducing language was provided n = 1624 (69%) times.

Conclusions

The majority of the information on the Dutch private physiotherapy websites was biomedical and not in line with the current guidelines and fear‐inducing.

Significance

This study revealed that the majority of private physiotherapy practice websites that provide information on LBP and NP are inconsistent with the biopsychosocial model and current guidelines. This information has a negative impact on patients' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and expectations, potentially affecting treatment outcomes. Consequently, most physiotherapy practice websites are unreliable sources of information on LBP and NP for patients. There is an urgent need to implement strategies to make websites reliable and helpful sources of information.
Comparative Proteomics of Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Frankliniella occidentalis to Abamectin
Authors: Gholami Zahra , Fatehi Foad , Mehraban Fatemeh Habibpour , Haynes Paul A. , Jahromi Khalil Talebi , Hosseininaveh Vahid , Mosallanejad Hadi , Ingvarsson Pär K. , Farrokhi Naser
Published: January 2025

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an invasive agricultural pest with developed resistance to abamectin in some strains due to frequent treatment with the pesticide. In this study, we examined differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between abamectin‐resistant (AbaR; under abamectin selective pressure) and susceptible strains (AbaS; without abamectin selective pressure) of F. occidentalis. Proteins were isolated from second instar larvae of both strains and separated via two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nano‐flow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry identified selected protein spot features. From 70 DEPs, 43 spot features were identified: A total of 23 showed an increase in abundance, and 20 were down‐regulated in response to abamectin pressure. The enzymatic and structural proteins were classified into the functional groups of macromolecular metabolisms, signaling and cellular processes, immune system, genetic information processing, and exoskeleton‐related proteins. The up‐regulation of exoskeleton‐related proteins may contribute to forming a thicker cuticle, potentially hindering abamectin penetration, which is an interesting finding that needs further investigation. Two novel proteins, triacylglycerol lipase and cuticle protein CPF 2, were only expressed in AbaR. This work provides insights into abamectin resistance mechanisms in F. occidentalis, which will provide important information for developing insecticide resistance management approaches for this pest.
Estimation of Fuzzy Regression Parameters With ANFIS and Bayesian Methods
Authors: Pakdel M. , Razzaghnia T. , Fathi K. , Mostafaee A.
Published: January 2025

In fuzzy regression, estimation of centers and spreads of triangular fuzzy numbers are both performed using the same methods, such as linear programming (LP), quadratic programming (QP), fuzzy weighted linear programming (FWLP), and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). In this article, ANFIS and Bayesian methods have been adopted to estimate centers and spreads of a triangular fuzzy numbers are applied, respectively, for estimation of centers and spreads of the triangular fuzzy data. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, three numerical examples have been used to verify the superiority of proposed method to other existing ones.
Entropy Analysis of Carreau Nanofluid Flow in the Presence of Joule Heating and Viscous Dissipation Past Unsteady Stretching Cylinder
Authors: Haile Gorfie Eshetu , Bayou Zegeye Gizachew , Awgichew Zergaw Gurju
Published: January 2025

The study aims to investigate the irreversibilities of a Carreau nanofluid flow over, unsteady stretching cylindrical sheet exposed to radiation, non‐Darcy porous medium, viscous dissipation, joule heating, etc. It provides how energy produced in the nanofluid flow is used efficiently by minimizing the irreversibilities. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into first‐order initial value problems by similarity transformation and linearization. The shooting technique and an open‐source Python programming package are used to solve the initial value problems using the Runge–Kutta sixth‐order, and the numerical approach is validated using published articles. Basic flow profiles and, most importantly, entropy generation are examined using graphs in relation to relevant parameters. Skin friction and the behavior of heat and mass fluxes in response to various parameters are also examined. The results of the study demonstrated that the entropy creation is initiated by an increase in the magnetic and curvature parameters, as well as the Eckert, Brinkman, and porosity parameters. However, when the Forchheimer number increases, entropy generation decreases. An increase in the Eckert number, Prandtl number, and radiation parameter motivates the irreversibility due to heat transfer, whereas as the Weissenberg number rises, the irreversibility of heat transfer falls around the wall. According to the numerical values in the table, growth in Weissenberg number, thermal Biot number, Forchheimer number, curvature parameter, and radiation parameter initiate the magnitude of the rate of heat and mass transfers. In contrast, the rates fell as the Eckert and Prandtl values rose. Analysis of energy conversions and system efficiency can be done using this study, particularly in heat engines, refrigeration systems, and other thermodynamic processes.
Horizon Scanning Methods for Identification of New and Repurposed Medicines for Stakeholders in the United Kingdom
Authors: Khan Sarah , Fairbairn Ross , Potter Rhiannon , Hussain Amy , Inskip Alex , Norman Gill
Published: January 2025

Horizon scanning (HS) is a method for the identification of emerging change through systematic analysis of trusted sources using a defined scope and prespecified methods. In health research, it can provide early awareness of potential developments ahead of market access. Within the medicines space, HS is supported by international requirements for clinical trial registration, conduct and reporting, and by transparent regulatory processes. Potential changes can be identified at different stages of development, emerging, transitional, and imminent to launch. This paper delineates a comprehensive methodological approach for medicines HS within the transitional horizon from a national HS center, the National Institute for Health and Care Research Innovation Observatory (IO) in the United Kingdom. The UK single‐payer healthcare system supports access to medicines approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); the assessment process for this requires an early awareness program ahead of regulatory approval. We report an expansive step‐by‐step HS process at the IO that has been tailored to meet stakeholder requirements. Manual and automated methods are used in tandem to extract and sift data from clinical trial registries, industry databases and medical databases. Intensive industry engagement and news media sources are used to supplement data collection. Data are sifted and triangulated to populate an internal database. Records are monitored to allow tracking of technologies through the pipeline and to trigger our notification processes. This HS program is a potential model for other agencies wishing to establish such an early awareness program internationally.
Adherence to Oral Nutritional Supplements: A Review of Trends in Intervention Characteristics and Terminology Use Since the Year 2000
Authors: Skinnars Josefsson Malin , Einarsson Sandra , Seppälä Linn , Payne Liz , Söderström Lisa , Liljeberg Evelina
Published: January 2025

Research on disease‐related malnutrition and adherence to oral nutritional supplements (ONS) has increased in recent years. To guide future studies, it is important to identify trends in terminology use and intervention characteristics. This review aimed to map characteristics of research investigating adherence to ONS in patients with disease‐related malnutrition and explore changes over time. This review is a secondary analysis of quantitative studies from a systematic mixed‐studies review. Online databases, including PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and APA PsycInfo, were searched to identify studies published from 2000 to March 2022. A quantitative content analysis of extracted data was performed, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess methodological risk of bias. This review includes 137 articles, over half of which are randomized controlled trials (52%). The term “oral nutritional supplements” was used in 40% of the studies. Adherence to ONS was mainly described by the term “compliance” (69%). It was most common to offer ready‐made milk‐based ONS (56%) and ONS as a sole intervention (51%). The prescribed dose of ONS was fixed in 64% of studies and individualized in 22% of studies. There was variation in the methods used to assess adherence to ONS, and adherence was not reported in nearly a fifth of studies. There was an increase in methodological quality over time (p = 0.024). To ensure better understanding and increase the rigor and reproducibility of ONS intervention research, it is crucial to standardize the terminology used and to describe the interventions clearly.
Comparative Investigation of Novel Thermo‐Hydraulic Flow Characteristics and Augmentation of Heat Efficiency in 3D Pipes Based on Parametrical Corrugated Shape Configurations
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Ramadhan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effects of various corrugation shapes on heat performance and pressure drop characteristics in 3D pipe surfaces. Evaluating corrugation pipes' thermo‐hydrodynamic performance with respect to different corrugation configurations and Re is the main goal. The smooth flow is broken up in the double‐dimpled corrugated shape, causing tiny swirl zones to form and creating turbulence that increases heat exchanger performance and keeps particles from falling out of suspension. A heat exchanger is made possible by the corrugation's distinctive design, which improves heat transfer. Corrugated heat exchangers have the ability to alter the dimensions of smooth ones based on the application, whenever companies want a compact size for operation. Numerical simulations at Re ranging from 4000 to 12,000 are carried out under the assumption of a steady and consistent heat flux of 10,000 W/m2. Utilizing various models, the computational fluid dynamics solver is utilized to examine the effective characteristics of corrugation. The outcomes of temperature distributions, pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, Nu, and f factors under various circumstances are discussed. For the conventional pipe, it was shown that different corrugation forms had a 22%–30% higher heat transfer coefficient. Because of the intricate corrugations, which enhance heat transfer and pressure drop, a greater Nu is achieved. Because corrugated geometries have a performance assessment criterion PEF greater than unity, they can outperform smooth pipes.
A case report of extra‐abdominal desmoid tumor after kidney transplantation
Authors: Matsuda Tsuyoshi , Yamada Shota , Tsuchiyama Ayaka , Kurata Hiroki , Mukae Yuta , Okano Shinji , Mochizuki Yasushi , Imamura Ryoichi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Desmoid tumors are rare, locally invasive, non‐metastasizing intermediate grade neoplasms. According to the organ procurement and transplantation network report, approximately one million solid organ transplants have been performed globally, from which only three desmoid tumors have been reported.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 61‐year‐old male who developed an asymptomatic abdominal mass 3 years after kidney transplantation. Computed tomography revealed a 50‐mm mass attached to the Hem‐o‐lok clip beneath the right rectus abdominis muscle. A needle biopsy revealed β‐catenin positivity, which raised suspicion for a desmoid tumor. Due to progressive tumor enlargement, surgical excision was performed. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5 without any surgical complications.

Conclusion

This is the first documented case of an extra‐abdominal desmoid tumor after kidney transplantation. Although no recurrence has been observed over a 5‐year follow‐up period, careful long‐term monitoring is required because of the high recurrence rate of desmoid tumors.
The prognostic and therapeutic significance of polyunsaturated fatty acid‐derived oxylipins in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Du Zhiyong , Lu Yingyuan , Ma Ying , Yang Yunxiao , Luo Wei , Liu Sheng , Zhang Ming , Wang Yong , Li Lei , Li Chun , Wang Wei , Gao Hai
Published: January 2025

Polyunsaturated fatty acid‐derived oxylipins regulate systemic inflammation and exert cardiovascular effects, yet their role in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear. Herein, we used targeted metabolomics and machine learning algorithms to develop an oxylipin‐based risk model to accurately predict recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after STEMI in two independent prospective cohorts with 2 years of follow‐up. The in vivo effects of significant oxylipin predictors were explored via a murine myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion model and functional metabolomics. Among the 130 plasma oxylipins detected in discovery cohort (n = 645), patients with and without recurrent MACE exhibited significant differences in a variety of oxylipin subclasses. We constructed an oxylipin‐based prediction model that showed powerful performance in predicting recurrent MACE in the discovery cohort (predictive accuracy: 91.5%). The predictive value of the oxylipin marker panel was confirmed in an independent external validation cohort (predictive accuracy: 89.9%; n = 401). Furthermore, we found that the anti‐inflammatory/pro‐resolving oxylipin (ARO) predictor panel showed better prognostic performance than the pro‐inflammatory oxylipin predictor panel in both cohorts. Compared with the treatment of pro‐inflammatory oxylipin predictor panel, combined treatment of six ARO predictors, including 14,15 epoxy‐eicosatrienoic acid, 14(15)‐epoxy‐eicosatetraenoic acid, 12,13‐epoxy‐octadecenoic acid, lipoxin A4, resolving D1, and 6 keto‐prostaglandin F1 showed significant cardiac activities and synergistic metabolic actions in myocardial infarction‒reperfusion model mice. We also mechanistically identified an important role of ARO predictors in restraining ceramide/lysophosphatidylcholine synthesis and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Overall, the present study depicted the landscape of oxylipin profiles in the largest panel of STEMI patients worldwide. Our results also highlight the great potential of bioactive oxylipins in prognostic prediction and therapeutics after STEMI.
Place Matters: Understanding Geographic Influences on Youth Not in Education, Employment, or Training—A Scoping Review
Authors: Lindblad Victoria , Lund Rolf L. , Gaardsted Pernille Skou , Møller Hansen Line Elise , Lauritzen Fie Falk , Melgaard Dorte
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Youth aged 15–29 who are not engaged in education, employment, or training (NEET) represent a critical concern within the European Union (EU).

Aim

This review aims to ascertain whether existing studies address the impact of living in either rural or urban settings, or in specific types of neighborhoods, on the likelihood of young European individuals falling into NEET status.

Methods

On February 21, 2023, and subsequently updated on January 15, 2024, a thorough literature search was carried out across four major databases to compile relevant studies.

Results

From an initial pool of 33,314 articles, 11 studies were deemed relevant for this review involving over 786,399 participants. The analysis revealed that residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods, characterized by significant crime rates and unemployment levels surpassing national averages, correlates strongly with an increased incidence of NEET status among youth. Notably, impoverished areas with a high presence of visible minorities were associated with higher rates of school dropout or unemployment. Furthermore, the conditions of the local labor market were found to notably affect dropout rates from secondary schools, especially in urban centers. Whereas rural areas exhibited elevated unemployment rates among the youth.

Conclusions

This review underscores the need for targeted policies that address geographical disparities in NEET status by tailoring interventions to urban, rural, and neighborhood‐specific contexts. Policymakers should focus on localized support programs and integrate geographical factors into strategic planning to ensure equitable opportunities for all youth.