bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicador de treinamento em educação continuada para enfermagem: análise em um hospital universitário
Authors: Alves Daniela Fernanda dos Santos , Almeida Angélica Olivetto , Higa Roseli , Jorge Sílvia Angélica
Published: June 2017

Os hospitais públicos vinculados ao Sistema Único de Saúde assumem importante papel na formação dos profissionais de saúde e os treinamentos oferecidos pela educação permanente são estratégicos para esta formação. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a evolução do indicador da quantidade de horas de treinamento por colaborador. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, em um hospital universitário, público, terciário, no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foram incluídos os dados dos treinamentos realizados entre 2009 e 2015. Para cálculo do indicador considerou-se carga horária de treinamento, número de profissionais treinados e número médio de profissionais por ano. O acesso ao banco de dados foi autorizado pela gerência da instituição e disponibilizado em planilha eletrônica. Os resultados foram expressos pela quantidade de horas de treinamento por colaborador (H/h). A média de horas de treinamento variou de 6,3 a 13,7 horas por homem treinado, sendo o maior em 2013. Os resultados apontam tendência ao aumento do número de horas de treinamento, que pode ser justificado, em parte, pelo registro sistemático dos treinamentos realizados. Além disto, existe um esforço da equipe gerencial em incorporar atividades de educação entre as atribuições dos enfermeiros em cargos gerenciais. A média encontrada está aquém da média mundial que é de 34,8 horas homem treinado. O número de horas por colaborador treinado apresentou um aumento gradual entre os anos de 2009 e 2015, mas necessita de novas estratégias e metodologias de treinamento e desenvolvimento para atingir níveis maiores desse indicador na instituição.
Estudo de integração e alianças para obtenção de vantagens competitivas
Authors: Almeida Carlos Caetano , Minatogawa Vinicius Luiz Ferraz , Gazzola Jonathan , Nicoluci Misael Victor , Ortolano Fernando , Santos Michael
Published: June 2017

Historicamente as atividades logísticas se iniciaram desde os tempos mais antigos e tomaram importância nas grandes batalhas, os líderes militares utilizavam-se dela para executarem suas estratégias de deslocamento e suprimentos de tropas, pois as batalhas nem sempre eram travadas próximas dos locais de alimentação e repouso dos soldados. Conseguir um diferencial competitivo na hodierna conjuntura, considerando o mercado global, tem sido uma meta fundamental para as organizações competirem. A logística,faz-se nesse contexto um diferencial importante. Esta pesquisa prima por entender a potencialidade da logística e da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, utilizadas pelas empresas objetivando a vantagem competitiva. Para desenvolver o estudo, a metodologia utilizada foi por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento teórico do trabalho, bem como, a conciliação da teoria com a prática utilizada por exemplos de empresas que através de parcerias alavancaram seus negócios. O gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos é vital para que as empresas possam se manter competitivas no cenário atual. Seu propósito é dispor de matérias-primas, produtos semi-acabados e estoque de bens finais no local correto, no tempo certo, com baixo custo, agregando benefícios aos consumidores finais.
Julgando o livro pela capa: inserção de capas de materiais bibliográficos da Biblioteca Central César Lattes (BCCL) no catálogo bibliográfico online do sistema de bibliotecas da UNICAMP (SBU)
Authors: Tartarotti Roberta Cristina Dal' Evedove , Silva Francielle de Souza
Published: June 2017

Considerando-se que a Biblioteca Central César Lattes (BCCL) desempenha um papel fundamental no apoio ao ensino e à pesquisa na Universidade por meio de seus recursos informacionais, o objetivo do projeto é realizar a inserção de capas dos materiais bibliográficos da BCCL no catálogo bibliográfico online do Sistema de Bibliotecas da Unicamp (SBU). Os procedimentos metodológicos foram delineados pelas seguintes etapas: geração de listagem dos livros da BCCL por meio do software SophiA; busca na web das capas dos livros, por meio de informações como ISBN, título, editora, ano, etc. disponíveis nos registros dos livros no software SophiA; busca dos livros no acervo para confirmação da capa com o material em mãos; digitalização das capas, caso não sejam localizadas na web; inserção das capas nos registros no software SophiA, para visualização das mesmas na versão web do catálogo bibliográfico online pelos usuários; anotação na listagem dos livros cujas capas já foram inseridas. Os resultados parciais indicam que, até o momento, foram inseridas 45% das capas de todos os livros do acervo. Como considerações parciais, verifica-se que o principal impacto do projeto tem sido a melhoria da qualidade do catálogo online do SBU, possibilitando a visualização das capas dos materiais bibliográficos não apenas na universidade, como em âmbito mundial, contribuindo para um maior interesse e melhor navegabilidade nas pesquisas no catálogo bibliográfico online. Além disso, tem contribuído para a integração dos bolsistas que participam do projeto tanto no contexto universitário como em sua formação acadêmica.
Uso do PICC em pacientes hematológicos e transplantados de medula óssea
Authors: Dantas Sonia Regina Perez Evangelista , Gadanhoto Ana Paula , Urquiza Alberto Paredes , Santos Juliana , Andrade E. T
Published: June 2017

O cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) tem sido utilizado em pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas e transplantes de medula óssea como parte dos avanços tecnológicos e tem contribuído para melhoria da qualidade da assistência. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os indicadores de uso do PICC em pacientes hematológicos e transplantados de medula óssea (TMO) em um hospital universitário. MÉTODO: Estudo quantitativo e descritivo do uso do PICC em um hospital universitário de alta complexidade com 9 leitos de Hematologia e uma unidade exclusiva para Transplante de Medula Óssea com 9 leitos. Os dados foram coletados no período de 1 de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2015 por meio de um instrumento institucional de registro de inserção e manutenção do PICC. RESULTADOS: Foram utilizados 28 PICCs duplo lúmen com punção guiada por ultrassom em 17 (60,7%) pacientes hematológicos e 11 (39,3%) TMO. Na unidade de hematologia a taxa de sucesso de inserção do PICC foi de 100%. Na unidade de TMO a taxa de sucesso de inserção do PICC foi de 91% e 36,3% dos pacientes tiveram punção única, 18% duas punções, 36,3% três ou mais e as demais não informadas. A média de internação antes da punção foi de 10,8 dias e 63,6% tiveram alta com o cateter para terapia ambulatorial. CONCLUSÃO: Os indicadores de uso do PICC nos pacientes hematológicos e TMO mostrou-se efetivo para terapia proposta, com baixo risco de complicações e possibilidade de uso intermitente ambulatorial.
Uso do PICC em um hospital universitário
Authors: Dantas Sonia Regina Perez Evangelista , Gadanhoto Ana Paula , Melo A. G , Bueno Giselli Cristina Villela , Lima Thiago
Published: June 2017

Indicadores institucionais de PICC servem de facilitadores para justificar o uso e avaliar a qualidade em instituições públicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os indicadores de uso do PICC em um hospital universitário. MÉTODO: Estudo quantitativo e descritivo do uso do PICC em um hospital universitário, realizado no período de 1 de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2015. RESULTADOS: Em 2015 foram utilizados 151 cateteres de PICC sendo 43 (28,47%) na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de Adultos, 48 (31,7%) na UTI Pediátrica, 21 (13,9%) na Pediatria, 17 (11,2%) na Hematologia, 11 (7,2%) no Transplante de Medula Óssea (TMO) e 11 (7,2%) nas Clinicas Médica e Cirúrgica. A média de tempo de internação antes da inserção foi de 24,9 dias (min=1 e Max=72 dias) na UTI adultos; 7 dias (min=1; Max=27) na hematologia; 10,8 dias (min=1; Max=21) no TMO; 30,3 dias (min=1 e Max=242 dias) na UTI Pediátrica e 13,4 dias (min=1 e Max=101 dias) na Pediatria. A Taxa de sucesso de inserção variou de 38 a 100% com diferença significativa entre as unidades. Os principais critérios de indicação foram antibioticoterapia prolongada, drogas irritantes ou vesicantes, nutrição parenteral e quimioterapia. A média de tempo de uso do PICC durante a internação variou de 1 a 40 dias, com diferença significativa entre as unidades. Dezoito pacientes (11,9%) tiveram alta com PICC para uso intermitente ambulatorial, sendo 88,8% para quimioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: os indicadores do PICC permitiram avaliação e adequação do processo de uso na instituição.
Maior comprimento de sonda nasogástrica não garante localização adequada: relato de experiência
Authors: Zeferino Eliete Boaventura Bargas , Santos Sandra Cristina Veiga de Oliveira , Freitas Maria Isabel Pedreira , Caserta Nelson Marcio Gomes , Groot Margareta Maria Wopereis
Published: June 2017

Introdução: Inserir no paciente o comprimento da sonda nasogástrica (SNG) para alimentação no local correto é um pré-requisito para confirmar com segurança sua posição no estômago(1). Relato de caso evidencia que o maior comprimento pode fazer com que a SNG enrole no estômago do paciente com riscos ao paciente (2). Objetivos: Trata-se de relato de experiência de um estudo que ocorreu em Hospital Universitário em 2014 e 2015 para validar um método seguro para introdução de SNG em adultos. Método: Realizou estudo clínico randomizado, duplo cego, três braços. Três comprimentos diferentes de SNG foram introduzidos: NEX (nariz- lóbulo da orelha – apêndice xifóide); EXU (lóbulo da orelha- apêndice xifoide- umbigo); NEX+XU (NEX- apêndice xifóide- umbigo) em 240 pacientes e avaliado seu posicionamento no estômago por exame radiológico. Resultados: Foi identificado pelas imagens destes exames que o método com maior comprimento teve sua extensão virada dentro do estômago e sua ponta distal alocada em locais de risco para deslocamento e pneumonia aspirativa: 1 no esôfago, 3 na cárdia e 4 no fundo do estômago. A literatura corrobora com estes dados ao relatar experiências onde a introdução de um maior comprimento de sonda fez com que ela não progredisse para o local esperado, o que foi desencadeado pelo seu enrolamento na região gástrica, o retorno da sua ponta distal para as regiões de risco, e a formação de nós (3,4,5). Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que o método para introdução de SNG com maior comprimento não garante o posicionamento mais seguro no estômago.
Projeto de catalogação retrospectiva do sistema de bibliotecas da UNICAMP
Authors: Eliel Oscar , Ribeiro Célia Maria , Mansur Érica Cristina Carvalho
Published: June 2017

O Sistema de Bibliotecas da UNICAMP (SBU) possui acervos valiosos que por suas características são considerados “especiais”: mapas, microfilmes, microfichas, folhetos e livros raros. Essas fontes primárias de informação retratam questões históricas e de movimentos sociais do Brasil e América Latina, que se não processadas tecnicamente, limitam seu uso, visibilidade e divulgação. Nesse sentido, em 2014 o SBU solicitou a abertura de concurso para contratação de profissionais bibliotecários, em regime temporário, para tratar esse material. Os candidatos deveriam ter habilidade no uso das ferramentas típicas da área: Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC), Código de Catalogação Anglo-Americano (AACR2), Classificação Decimal de Dewey (CDD) e pesquisa em fontes de informação autorizadas, nacionais e internacionais, além de aptidão para leitura técnica em alemão, espanhol e italiano, porque grande parte das obras está em língua estrangeira. Dos nove classificados, seis foram contratados com jornada de quarenta horas semanais por um período de um ano, prorrogado uma única vez. Os bibliotecários foram treinados na Diretoria de Tratamento da Informação (DTRI), a qual é responsável pelo processamento técnico do SBU, com o apoio das Unidades envolvidas. O objetivo de diminuir significativamente o montante de materiais especiais não catalogados foi plenamente alcançado. Isto é, foi possível torná-los acessíveis e com qualidade, além de aprimorar o conhecimento técnico de toda a equipe. Considera-se que esse tipo de contratação representa um enorme ganho para a Universidade, dadas as situações excepcionais. Da mesma forma, a execução do Projeto, proporcionou a oportunidade de disponibilizar recursos relevantes para os pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros, fortalecendo os pilares ensino, pesquisa, extensão e inovação da UNICAMP.
Analisis kesulitan siswa SMP dalam memahami konsep kubus balok dan alternatif pemecahannya
Authors: Mutia Mutia
Published: June 2017

[Bahasa]: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiagnosis kesulitan belajar siswa SMP dalam memahami materi kubus balok dan menemukan alternatif pemecahannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes geometri dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menguasai konsep kubus dan balok, menemukan rumus luas permukaan kubus balok, dan menggunakan rumus luas permukaan kubus dan balok. Kesulitan menggunakan rumus pada penyelesaian soal sebagai akibat dari menghafal rumus siap pakai, sehingga siswa sering lupa dengan rumus. Alternatif pemecahan kesulitan belajar siswa tersebut, yaitu: (a) Menggunakan aplikasi komputer (Power point, Ms Word dengan SmartArt Graphic) dan software seperti Cabri Geometry, The Geometer’s Sketchpad (GSP), Geometry Expert, Logo, Geogebra, dan Wingeom; (b) Mengaktifkan dengan baik materi prasyarat tentang bangun datar yang menjelaskan sisi-sisi pada bangun ruang; (c) Menerapkan metode penemuan terbimbing menggunakan LKS terbimbing; dan (d) Memperbanyak mengerjakan latihan soal baik yang bersifat kontekstual maupun soal-soal yang bersifat non-kontekstual.

Kata Kunci: Analisis; Kesulitan; Pemahaman; Kubus Balok; Alternatif Pemecahan

[English]: The descriptive research aims to diagnose the difficulties of secondary school students in understanding Cube and Rectangular Prism and formulate the alternative solution. Geometry test and interview are used as the instrument. The subjects are 3 seventh grade students who respectively represent high, medium and low ability in mathematics. This research finds that the students have difficulties in understanding the properties of cube and rectangular prism, inventing the surface area, and using the formula to determine the surface area. The difficulty in using the formula to solve related problems is an effect of memorizing ready-made formula without understanding so the students are easy to forget it. The alternative ways to cope with the difficulties are: (a) Using computer application (PowerPoint, Ms Word with SmarArt Graphic) and other current softwares like Cabri Geometry, The Geometer’s Sketchpad (GSP), Geometry Expert, Logo, Geogebra, and Wingeom; (b) Activating students’ prior knowledge about plane which explains the side of the solid figures; (c) Implementing guided discovery learning with students’ worksheet; and (d) giving variative exercises involving contextual or non-contextual problems.

Keywords: Analysis; Difficulties; Understanding; Cube Prism; Alternative Solution
Nuevo régimen fiscal para Petróleos Mexicanos
Authors: Suárez Coppel Juan José , Yépez Rigoberto Ariel
Published: June 2017

Se presenta una descripción de los factores que deben tomarse en cuenta en el establecimiento de un régimen fiscal para la actividad petrolera y que asegure una apropiada explotación de los recursos naturales. Se describe el régimen fiscal que aplicaba a Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) hasta el 2005 así como la problemática que generaba en la situación financiera de Pemex y en la toma de decisiones eficientes de inversión. Se describe el nuevo régimen fiscal y sus beneficios enfocándose en el efecto que provoca en la cartera de inversión de la empresa, permitiendo que un gran número de proyectos que con el régimen fiscal anterior tenían resultados financieros negativos después de impuestos, con el nuevo régimen fiscal sean rentables económicamente. Por último, se presenta un análisis comparativo que se realizó en distintos países del mundo, con el objeto de evaluar la competitividad del nuevo régimen fiscal, tanto para proyectos de crudo como de gas.
El crecimiento económico de la América Latina. Del desencanto del siglo XX a los desafíos del XXI
Authors: De Gregorio José
Published: June 2017

La América Latina ha estado dominada por expansiones del crecimiento que con gran frecuencia han terminado en crisis y prolongados periodos de estancamiento. Esto ha conducido a un crecimiento escaso durante la mayor parte del siglo pasado. Este artículo reseña las experiencias del crecimiento latinoamericano y examina algunos ámbitos particulares que ayudan a explicar por qué el crecimiento sostenido ha sido tan elusivo en la región. En particular, se analiza el papel de la apertura y del comercio intrarregional, el papel de las instituciones, la estabilidad macroeconómica y la desigualdad, todos factores decisivos para la reanudación y el mantenimiento del crecimiento económico. Se examinan también problemas más generales relacionados con el crecimiento, como la importancia de la protección de los derechos de propiedad y la existencia de una estructura adecuada de las remuneraciones del esfuerzo, lo que incluye la igualdad de oportunidades. Por último, se presenta una panorámica breve de los acontecimientos macroeconómicos actuales.
The Impact of Antenna Height on 3D-MIMO Channel: a Ray Launching Based Analysis
Authors: Hong Qi , Zhang Jiliang , Zheng Hui , Li Hao , Hu Haonan , Zhang Baoling , Lai Zhihua , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2017

Three dimension (3D) Multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) scheme, which exploits another dimension of the spatial resource, is one of the enabling technologies for the next generation mobile communication. As the elevation angle in 3D-MIMO channel model might varies against the height of the base station transmit antenna, it has to be taken into account carefully. In this paper, the impact of antenna height on the channel characteristics of 3D MIMO channel is investigated by using the intelligent ray launching algorithm (IRLA). Three typical street scenarios, i.e., the straight street, the fork road and the cross road, are selected as benchmarks. On the basis of simulations, joint and marginal probability density functions (PDFs) of both the elevation angle of departure (EAoD) and the elevation angle of arrival (EAoA) are obtained. The elevation angle spread (AS) and the delay spread (DS) under various antenna heights are also discussed. Simulation results indicate that the PDFs of EAoD and EAoA vary characteristics under different street scenarios. Moreover, the minimum value of the DS can be achieved when the antenna height is half of the building height.
Indirubin inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion andangiogenesis in tumor-derived endothelial cells
Authors: zhuohong Li , chaofu Zhu , baiping An , yu Chen , xinyue He , Lin Qian , lan Lan , Li Shijie
Published: June 2017

Hepatocellular Carcinoma is one of the most predominant malignancies with high fatality rate and is rising at an alarming rate because it is quite resistant to radioand chemotherapy. The proliferation, migration and activation of endothelial cells are involved in tumor occurrence and development. Indirubin is the major active anti-tumor ingredient of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In this research, Td-ECs were derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by treating HUVECs with the conditioned medium of human liver cancer cell line HepG2. The effects of indirubin on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of Td-ECs were assessed. Indirubin significantly inhibited Td-EC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Indirubin also inhibited Td-ECmigration and angiogenesis. However, indirubin’s effects on HUVECs were weaker than on Td-ECs.
Los estudios de costes, herramienta imprescindible en la nutrición clínica del siglo XXI
Authors: Álvarez Hernández Julia
Published: June 2017

Seguro que todos compartimos que el gasto sanitario ha crecido progresivamente año tras año en las últimas décadas. Los expertos apuntan, de una forma muy simplista, que el aumento de la demanda sanitaria (aumento de crónicas y degenerativas; envejecimiento de la población) y el incremento de costes de los elementos que comportan la oferta (avances tecnológicos) son las causas que lo provocan. También entendemos que este tipo de presión, lejos de disminuir, en un futuro próximo se prevé que seguirá en crecimiento. Es fácil compartir la idea que, siempre y especialmente en una época de difi cultades fi nancieras, toma protagonismo la evaluación económica.
Los antioxidantes en el proceso de patologías oculares
Authors: Fernández-Araque Ana , Giaquinta Aranda Andrea , Laudo Pardo Consuelo , Rojo Aragüés Abel
Published: June 2017

Introducción: la influencia de los antioxidantes en los procesos oculares ha tomado en los últimos años una relevancia importante por sus efectos en la salud visual. El estrés oxidativo es un factor implicado en el desarrollo de las principales patologías tales como cataratas, glaucoma y degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE).Objetivo: establecer la evidencia científica que existe sobre los distintos tipos de antioxidantes y sus efectos en procesos patológicos oculares mediante una revisión sistemática.Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE, Scielo y Cochrane de estudios que evalúan la utilización de antioxidantes en la prevención y/o tratamiento de las enfermedades oculares. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorizados publicados en los últimos 7 años.Resultados: la relación entre distintos tipos de antioxidantes, vitamina E, C, betacaroteno, zinc, luteína, antocianinas y carotenoides, sugiere una relación positiva ante el riesgo y progresión de DMAE y parámetros del glaucoma, indicando un menor riesgo de la enfermedad ante un mayor consumo de antioxidantes en la dieta. Informes iniciales sugieren un papel potencial para la modificación de la dieta en el tratamiento de la degeneración macular asociada a la edad y glaucoma principalmente, no evidenciándose para la prevención de la catarata.Conclusiones: promover el consumo adecuado de antioxidantes en la dieta puede prevenir y proteger frente a patologías oculares de gran prevalencia. Los antioxidantes del grupo de vitaminas son los más estudiados hasta el momento en las patologías oculares. Es necesario llevar a cabo más ensayos clínicos para establecer de forma más precisa estas relaciones.
Índice glicémico, carga glicémica e insulina posprandial a dos fórmulas isoglucídicas con distintos edulcorantes y fibra en adultos sanos y diabéticos tipo 2
Authors: Angarita Dávila Lissé , López Miranda José , Aparicio Camargo Daniel , Parra Zuleta Karla , Uzcátegui González Maria , Céspedes Nava Virginia , Durán Agüero Samuel , Reyna Villasmil Nadia
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el índice glicémico (IG), la carga glicémica (CG) y la insulina posprandial de dos fórmulas isoglucídicas con distintos edulcorantes y fibra en adultos sanos y diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2).Metodología: en este estudio aleatorizado, cruzado y doble ciego, once sujetos sanos y seis diabéticos consumieron dos fórmulas en cuatro ocasiones (Glucerna SR® Laboratorios Abbott C.A [FG] y Enterex Diabetic®, Victus, C.A [FE], edulcoradas con fructosa y sucralosa respectivamente, con distintas fuentes de fibra), además de solución glucosada (SG) en una ocasión. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre en ambos grupos a los tiempos 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 minutos; en los diabéticos se adicionó el minuto 150 y 180 para medición de glicemias e insulina basal/posprandial de dos y tres horas.Resultados: el área de incremento bajo la curva de glucosa (IAUC) fue menor para las fórmulas que para SG. En sanos fue de 12.857 ± 422 para FE y 11.601 ± 272 para FG (p < 0,014). En diabéticos resultó más disminuida para FG (28.656 ± 123) comparada con FE (29.855 ± 496) (p < 0,01). El IG resultó 58,07 ± 8,4 y 60,7 ± 2 para FG y FE respectivamente en controles, y 65,16 ± 0,2 y 68,06 ± 1 en diabéticos, sin diferencias; igualmente en la insulina posprandial.Conclusiones: el IG y la CG de ambas fórmulas resultaron en un valor intermedio en los dos grupos, con perfil glicémico inferior al de SG. No se observaron diferencias en el comportamiento insulínico, evidenciando que la velocidad de absorción de los carbohidratos de estas fórmulas es prolongada, con impacto glicémico menor que el producto patrón, lo que sugiere que es aceptable su indicación en el diabético.
Crowdsourced Health Data: Comparability to a US National Survey, 2013–2015
Authors: Yank Veronica , Agarwal Sanjhavi , Loftus Pooja , Asch Steven , Rehkopf David
Published: June 2017

Objectives. To determine the generalizability of crowdsourced, electronic health data from self-selected individuals using a national survey as a reference.

Methods. Using the world’s largest crowdsourcing platform in 2015, we collected data on characteristics known to influence cardiovascular disease risk and identified comparable data from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used age-stratified logistic regression models to identify differences among groups.

Results. Crowdsourced respondents were younger, more likely to be non-Hispanic and White, and had higher educational attainment. Those aged 40 to 59 years were similar to US adults in the rates of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Those aged 18 to 39 years were less similar, whereas those aged 60 to 75 years were underrepresented among crowdsourced respondents.

Conclusions. Crowdsourced health data might be most generalizable to adults aged 40 to 59 years, but studies of younger or older populations, racial and ethnic minorities, or those with lower educational attainment should approach crowdsourced data with caution.

Public Health Implications. Policymakers, the national Precision Medicine Initiative, and others planning to use crowdsourced data should take explicit steps to define and address anticipated underrepresentation by important population subgroups.
Bovine gamma/delta T cells are stimulated by bovine coronavirus antigens identified by a soluble T cells receptor
Authors: Toka Felix N.
Published: June 2017

Gamma/delta (γδ) T cells in cattle account for an abundant T cell population. However, little is known regarding the function of γδ T cells as immune cells compared to αβ T cells. Not many pathogen-related antigens have been defined and known to stimulate γδ T cells. To address this information gap, we constructed a soluble receptor for bovine γδ T cells (sγδTCR) that was later used to identify two proteins (156 kDa and 102 kDa) or protein fragments expressed by bovine coronavirus (BCov). The molecular weight of the larger protein suggests it could be the spike glycoprotein of BCov. Subsequently, we used the identified viral proteins to study the reactivity of bovine γδ T cells. In vitro assays showed that purified preparations of the two proteins stimulated WC1+ γδ T cells isolated from cattle. A 4-fold increase in IFN production and a significantly higher expression of MHC class II was observed. However, these viral ligands could not stimulate γδ T cells to synthesize IL-8 or GM-CSF, known to be produced by γδ T cells when stimulated with bacterial antigens. Although the γδ T cells assessed here appeared activated by way of IFN and MHC II expression, surface markers such as CD2, CD25, CD44, CD62L and CD335 were not expressed at significant levels. Further, the activation elicited by viral ligands was not sufficient to induce cytotoxic capability in γδ T cells in vitro as measured by a flow cytometry-based cytotoxicity assay. This in vitro study shows that WC1+ γδ T cells can directly recognize viral antigen
Evaluating the chemical stability in drinking water distribution system by corrosivity and precipitation potential
Authors: Shi Baoyou , Wan Yunjie , Yu Ying , Gu Junnong , Wang Gangliang
Published: June 2017

Calcium carbonate equilibrium-based indices, such as calcium carbonate precipitation potential (CCPP), have long been used as indicators of water chemical stability. The Larson ratio (LR) is a non-CaCO3 based index for measuring water corrosivity against iron pipes, but the involved mechanisms and application of LR are not completely understood. To understand the applicability of the two indices on iron corrosion product release in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS), unlined cast iron pipes were harvested from a real DWDS to establish pilot-scale experimental systems, and different chemicals were used to adjust LR and CCPP values of the pipe feed waters. Results showed that iron release increased with LR increase, but at the same LR, chloride adjustment could lead to more iron release than sulphate. When using different chemicals to adjust CCPP to the same level, the iron release could be significantly different, with NaHCO3 addition causing the lowest release. Increasing the alkalinity by Ca(OH)2 and CO2, which could be the most efficient and economic method for inhibiting iron release in DWDS, increased the CCPP and reduced the LR simultaneously. The crystalline composition characteristics of iron pipe corrosion scales also played a critical role in the iron release behavior.
Remediation of MTBE-contaminated groundwater by integrated circulation wells and advanced oxidation technologies
Authors: Tawabini Bassam , Makkawi Mohammed
Published: June 2017

The proximity of shallow groundwater systems to sources of contamination usually exposes them to severe environmental threats. Hazardous pollutants that leak from gas stations, landfills, and industrial facilities may eventually reach the underneath shallow groundwater aquifers, posing risks to human health and the environment. Cleaning contaminated groundwater sources has always been a challenge to the local authorities. This is even more challenging when dealing with difficult pollutants such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) due its high solubility in water, poor biodegradability, and poor adsorption onto solids. This study aims to assess the efficiency of a pilot groundwater remediation system to treat a shallow aquifer contaminated with MTBE. The in-house designed and fabricated pilot system combines the technology of circulation wells and UV-based advanced oxidation technology for the breakdown and removal of MTBE from water. An ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) process was used in this study to remove MTBE from water. The concentration of MTBE was reduced from approximately 1,400 μg/L to as low as 34 μg/L within 30 minutes, with a treatment efficiency of about 98%. The study also assesses the effects of the UV intensity and the treatment time needed to remove the target pollutant.
WPŁYW PRAWA RZYMSKIEGO NA KSZTAŁTOWANIE SIĘ WSPÓŁCZESNYCH TEORII SIŁY WYŻSZEJ
Authors: Sobczyk Marek
Published: June 2017

The Influence of Roman Law on the Creation of the Contemporary Theories of Force MajeureSummaryThis paper is devoted to the influence of Roman law on the creation of the contemporary theories of force majeure. Its aim is to verify a commonly shared view that Roman law deeply influenced the development of the private law. The Author analyses the works of the nineteenth century legal scholars on the issue of force majeure (L. Goldschmidt, A. Exner, G. Gerth, J. Luchsinger) to examine to what extent their theories and views were based on Roman law.The nineteenth century legislation referred to the doctrine of Roman jurists due to the fact that the notion of force majeure was applied in the same legal relationships as in Roman law (first and foremost the liability of carrier, innkeeper, stablekeeper). Apart from the national terms used to denote force majeure, e. g. German term höhere Gewalt, the legislators applied the original Roman term vis maior which was well-known in legal writing of European countries.The author comes to a conclusion that the above mentioned legal scholars took advantage of the thought of Roman jurists In fact, the scholars searched for the fundamental idea of their doctrines in the sources of Roman law, however, the sources themselves were interpreted in a creative way, to considerable extent abstracted from their content. The Roman law was analyzed taking into account the needs of the nineteenth century legal relations.To sum up: the theories of force majeure consisted of both the thought of Roman jurists and creative concepts of the nineteenth century scholars.
FAKULTATYWNA MEDIACJA W PROCESIE O ROZWÓD WEDŁUG ZNOWELIZOWANEGO KODEKSU POSTĘPOWANIA CYWILNEGO
Authors: Stojanowska Wanda
Published: June 2017

Optional Mediation in the Divorce Proceedings as an Effect of the Amendments to the Code of Civil ProceedingsSummaryThe article discusses the provisions amending the Code of Civil Proceedings with respect to the conciliatory proceedings with regard to a divorce. The amendment consists in a removal of the obligatory conciliatory proceedings and introduction of a new procedural means - mediation. The author evaluates the amendments and draws critical conclusions. First, the removal of the conciliatory proceedings was not right. It should have been retained treating it together with mediation as supplementary means. At present the court cannot encourage the parties to use mediation because it is obliged to appoint a sitting and commencing the proceedings for revealing evidence. Moreover, mediation is optional, therefore, it is probable that it will not be used in practice.
IMPERATOR CONTRA PRAEDONES UWAGI O „NIEKONSTYTUCYJNOŚCI” LEX GABINIA
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: June 2017

Imperator contra praedones Some Remarks on the Illegality of the lex GabiniaSummaryIn 67 BC Aulus Gabinius, a tribunus plebis, proposed a law appointing an imperator to deal with the pirates of the Mediterranean area. The law was passed as lex Gabinia de uno imperatore contra praedones constituendo and the senate was asked to choose the right candidate. The only possible choice was Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, the most talented and famous general of the time. The senators opposed so violently that Gabinius was almost killed. Thus, another assembly was called which appointed Pompey to the task. His campaign against the pirates was amazingly fast and successful.There are several reasons for treating this case as a deviation from the republican constitution. Firstly, the imperium was given for a period of three years which was unusually long time for an extraordinary command. Secondly, the general was given power on the whole Mediterranean area, equal to this of the provincial governors. Thirdly, he could choose his own legati which was a case unknown to the republican system. Moreover, it was the first time when an extraordinary command was given by the concilia plebis regardless the senatorial opposition.The case of lex Gabinia was one of Pompey’s numerous victories over the republic. Notwithstanding, he managed to persuade everyone to picture himself as a hero and defender o f the republic.
ITS ALL IN THE FAMILY: CHILD SUPPORT, TAX AND THIBAUDEAU
Authors: Young Claire
Published: June 2017

ITS ALL IN THE FAMILY: CHILD SUPPORT, TAX AND THIBAUDEAU
Section 7, Insite and the Comptence of Courts
Authors: Webber Jeremy
Published: June 2017

In the Insite case, the plaintiffs came to court with a very specific end in mind: to preserve the Insite safe-injecting facility. They did so for reasons of substantive justice: they wanted to protect drug users from the dangers of injection in the back alleys of the Downtown Eastside and to mitigate the harms common to that drug use—virulent infections and the risk of death from overdose.
FROM MARGINALIZED DISCOURSES TO TENDER EMBRACES: BUILDING A NEW FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION JURISPRUDENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Stychin Carl
Published: June 2017

FROM MARGINALIZED DISCOURSES TO TENDER EMBRACES: BUILDING A NEW FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION JURISPRUDENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA
The European Union’s Trap of Constitutional Politics: From the Convention Towards the Failure of the Treaty of Lisbon
Authors: Benz Arthur
Published: June 2017

In a national referendum held on 12 June 2008, 53.4 percent of Irish citizens voted “no” to the Treaty of Lisbon. As its provisions require ratification by all member states, the Irish vote marks a further setback for attempts at consti- tutional reform of the European Union (EU). The Lisbon reform treaty, officially entitled the Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on Euro- pean Union and the Treaty establishing the Eu- ropean Community,1 was signed by the prime ministers and presidents of EU member states in December 2007. It was the result of a pro- cess set in motion by the European Council in a meeting held in Laeken, Belgium in December 2001. Intended to make the “ever closer union” more democratic, and to facilitate the adjust- ment of European institutions to the new po- litical situation brought on by the accession to the EU of Central and Eastern European states, the “Laeken Council” issued a declaration trig- gering efforts to constitutionalize the European Union. To this end, a reform process was ini- tiated involving a body called the Convention on the Future of Europe (Convention), made up of European and member state government representatives and parliamentarians.2 This re- form process resulted in the recommendation in 2003 of a draft Treaty Establishing a Constitu- tion for Europe (Constitutional Treaty),3 which was subsequently approved by the Intergovern- mental Conference and the European Council in Rome in October 2004. Despite several mem- ber states ratifying the Constitutional Treaty, it was rejected by popular referenda in France and the Netherlands in the spring of 2005. At that time, and in view of the obvious risks to ratifi- cation in some other member states, the process of constitutionalization ground to a halt.
Fédéralisme Canadien et Lutte Contre Les Changements Climatiques
Authors: Bélanger Alexis
Published: June 2017

La centralisation apparaît aux yeux de plusieurs comme une solution évidente dans le dossier des changements climatiques. Néanmoins, de nombreux éléments indiquent qu’un fédéralisme authentique pourrait plutôt représenter un atout pour répondre aux défis que posent les changements climatiques. Un survol de la relation entre les notions d’environnement et de fédéralisme dans l’histoire politique et constitutionnelle canadienne démontre pourquoi il serait mal avisé d’imposer à l’ensemble de la fédération une seule politique au détriment de toutes les autres possibles. Il est important, face aux enjeux environnementaux qui se feront de plus en plus pressants, que le gouvernement fédéral et ses partisans arrivent à mettre de côté leurs réflexes centralisateurs pour plutôt encourager les provinces à poursuivre leurs expérimentations. En même temps, Ottawa devrait également, dans ses propres domaines de compétence, assumer pleinement ses responsabilités environnementales pour le plus grand bénéfice du fédéralisme et de l’environnement.
NDP Negotiations on Patriation: Calgary, February 1981
Authors: Leeson Howard
Published: June 2017

This second article, “NDP Negotiations on Patriation”, deals with many of the same participants who were involved in the October negotiations. The failure of the government of Saskatchewan to agree with the federal government on its patriation project meant that the federal NDP was split on the issue. On one side, the federal NDP, together with some of the provincial sections, supported the federal government initiative. On the other side, the NDP government of Saskatchewan, and some other provincial sections, were in opposition.
Penser le Canada dans un monde désenchanté : réflexions sur le fédéralisme, le nationalisme et la différence autochtone
Authors: Leclair Jean
Published: June 2017

J’enseigne le droit depuis plus de vingt ans. Et, petit à petit, j’en suis venu à la conviction que les juristes (comme moi), et les politologues et philosophes intéressés par le fédéralisme et la question autochtone — qu’ils soient eux-mêmes autochtones ou pas — , ne tiennent pas toujours suffi samment compte du Trickster dans leur façon d’appréhender le monde. Leurs constructions intellectuelles sont dépourvues d’aspérités. Elles ne donnent pas prise à l’imprévu. Tout y est trop lisse. Et surtout, ces conceptualisations surestiment ou sous-estiment bien souvent la capacité des êtres humains à se penser eux-mêmes.
Charter Rights and Public Policy Choices: The Supreme Court and Public Finance
Authors: Mellon Hugh
Published: June 2017

Over the past two decades there have been numerous highly charged court cases involving claims that government program offerings and public spending fail to satisfy guarantees entrenched in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.1 Calls for enhanced appeal mechanism in refugee determination,2 provincial health care coverage of hospital translation services for the deaf,3 equal leave provisions4 for both adoptive and birth parents, government coverage of autism treatment regimes,5 and access to health care provision rather than access to a waiting list6 all illustrate the intersection of the Charter with the allocation of the public purse.
“Irreconcilable? The Duty to Consult and Administrative Decision Makers”
Authors: Promislow Janna
Published: June 2017

Haida Nation v British Columbia (Minister of Forests) ushered in a new era in Aboriginal law. In contrast to the emphasis on history in section 35’s first 20 years, the Haida Nation era offered a determinedly forward-looking approach to the reconciliation purposes ascribed to Aboriginal rights by the Supreme Court. Under the Haida Nation paradigm, and the duty to consult and accomodate it imposed on the Crown in relation to pre-proof aboriginal rights claims, reconciliation is a process that “begins with the assertion of sovereignty and continues beyond formal claims resolution. Reconciliation is not a final legal remedy in the usual sense.” Nine years after Haida Nation, the legal parameters and the institutional structures involved in implementing the duty to consult and this new direction remain incomplete and formative.
Theory and Practice in the Government of Alberta’s Consultation Policy
Authors: Reddekopp Neil
Published: June 2017

n this paper, I discuss the Government of Alberta’s policy and practice regarding consultation with Aboriginal Albertans regarding resource development, particularly the issuance to third parties of Crown dispositions that may have an impact on Aboriginal or treaty rights. My review of this subject matter is grouped around three conclusions, which are at first glance inconsistent. First, I argue that Alberta’s policy statements and the guidelines that it has issued to implement these fall far short of fulfilling—or even acknowledging in any meaningful way—the Province’s constitutional obligation to consult with Aboriginal Albertans and accommodate the latters’ concerns regarding resource development. However, in keeping with the distinction between theory and practice recognized by Warren Buffett and Yogi Berra, I concede that for reasons that are not reflective of any inherent merit in Alberta’s approach, the development and management of resource development appears to operate smoothly and efficiently, without any serious legal challenges or significant delays in the process. Finally, I suggest that the current practical success of Alberta’s approach is artificial and likely time-limited, and that without a more sincere Crown effort to fulfill its constitutional obligations the future of orderly development of natural resources is unlikely.
Renovating Canada's Constitutional Architecture: An Examination of the Government's Democratic Reform Initiatives
Authors: Hunter Josh
Published: June 2017

The current federal government was elected on a platform promising significant changes to Canada’s democratic institutions. Among several other reform proposals, the Liberals promised that “2015 will be the last federal election conducted under the first-past-the-post voting system.” To enact this proposal, a special all-party parliamentary committee would be struck to examine options for reform and “within 18 months of forming government,” the Liberals would “bring forward legislation to enact electoral reform.” After the Liberals won the election, Maryam Monsef was appointed as Minister of Democratic Institutions. Her mandate letter from the Prime Minister confirmed the government’s plans to move forward with electoral reform.
ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AND NAFTA: COLONIZATION CONTINUES TO RUN AMOK
Authors: Venne Sharon
Published: June 2017

ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AND NAFTA: COLONIZATION CONTINUES TO RUN AMOK
"AS I SEE IT, RENE..." SAID SIR JOHN
Authors: Gibson Dale
Published: June 2017

"AS I SEE IT, RENE..." SAID SIR JOHN
TWO OPTIONS FOR A SOVEREIGN QUEBEC
Authors: Nielsen Kai
Published: June 2017

TWO OPTIONS FOR A SOVEREIGN QUEBEC
SHAPING CANADA'S FUTURE TOGETHER OR A DOOMED ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE FROM REALITY
Authors: Hughes Elaine
Published: June 2017

SHAPING CANADA'S FUTURE TOGETHER OR A DOOMED ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE FROM REALITY
The Constitution Act, 1982 and the Crown: Twenty-Five Years Later
Authors: Munro Kenneth
Published: June 2017

In a splendid ceremony on Parliament Hill on 17 April 1982, Her Majesty proclaimed the Constitution Act, 1982.1 When the Prime Min- ister and premiers had met in November 1981 to develop procedures for patriating and amend- ing our Constitution, they failed to propose any revisions with respect to the monarchy, except for section 41(a) of the Constitution Act, 1982. Under this section, the unanimous agreement of the Governor General, Senate, House of Commons, and the legislative assembly of each province is required to amend the Constitution in relation to “the office of the Queen, the Gov- ernor General and the Lieutenant Governor of a province.”2 In effect, by entrenching the monar- chy in the Constitution, our leaders determined that Canada would remain a constitutional monarchy in perpetuity. The twenty-fifth anni- versary of the proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1982 provides an appropriate occasion to remind ourselves of the nature of our Canadian Crown and to ask whether this institution can evolve, or has evolved, to meet the needs of Ca- nadians.
THE SOUNDS OF SILENCE: CHARTER APPLICATION WHEN THE LEGISLATURE DECLINES TO SPEAK
Authors: Pothier Dianne
Published: June 2017

THE SOUNDS OF SILENCE: CHARTER APPLICATION WHEN THE LEGISLATURE DECLINES TO SPEAK
The Speaker’s Ruling on Afghan Detainee Documents: The Last Hurrah for Parliamentary Privilege?
Authors: MacIvor Heather
Published: June 2017

On 3 January 1642 the Commons sat, and claimed a breach of privilege which, deliberately or not, incited the king to attempt force. On 4 January [King Charles I] entered the Chamber, leaving the door open so that members could see the troops "making much of their pistols." ... He asked the Speaker if the five [rebel MPs] were present. Lenthall, on his knees, spoke. "May it please Your Majesty, I have neither eyes to see, nor tongue to speak in this place, but as the House is pleased to direct me, whose servant I am here; and I humbly beg Your Majesty’s pardon that I cannot give any other answer than this to what Your Majesty is pleased to demand of me."
A Principled Approach to the Positive/Negative Rights Debate in Canadian Constitutional Adjudication
Authors: David Lawrence
Published: June 2017

Th e debate between the respective desirabilityand enforceability of positive and negative rightshas long animated Canadian constitutionalscholarship. Identifying the state’s role in securingtheir ultimate fulfi lment can most clearlyshow the distinction between these two types ofrights.
A CHANGE IN CHARGE REQUIRES A SECOND CHANCE TO CONSULT COUNSEL
Authors: Elman Bruce P.
Published: June 2017

A CHANGE IN CHARGE REQUIRES A SECOND CHANCE TO CONSULT COUNSEL
MEANING FROM CHAOS: REFLECTIONS ON SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 — TWO YEARS AFTER
Authors: Renke Wayne N.
Published: June 2017

On 10 September 2002, the Centre for Constitutional Studies sponsored a symposium at the University of Alberta Faculty of Law, entitled “September 11, One Year Later.” At the end of symposium, audience members put questions to the panel, on which I had the privilege of participating. The very last question was along these lines: “Would you say that anything good has come out of the events of September 11?” I shall attempt here to respond once more to that question. But I must take care with my response.