bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosoziale Folgen der Harninkontinenz – tabuisiert und unterversorgt – eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Dräger Desiree Louise , Lackaja Jana , Nolting Julia , Rojas Cruz Cesar , Hake Karsten , Hakenberg Oliver
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund Harnkontinenz stellt ein international weitverbreitetes Gesundheitsproblem dar, das sowohl Frauen als auch Männer jeden Alters betreffen kann. Es handelt sich um keine lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung, jedoch können Symptome das physische, psychische und soziale Wohlergehen von Betroffenen stark beeinflussen. Bestehende Literatur berichtet vorwiegend von Inkontinenz im Alter über 65 Jahre, Studien über Belastungen und Auswirkungen von Inkontinenz bei jüngeren Betroffenen sind limitiert. Inkontinenz ist im sozialen Bereich ein Tabuthema, wenige Erkrankte suchen professionelle Hilfe, weil sie Scham empfinden. Manche inkontinente Menschen suchen Unterstützung, wenn Symptome zunehmen und dadurch ihre Lebensqualität weiter sinkt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, darzulegen, welche psychosozialen Belastungen und Auswirkungen von Harninkontinenz bei Erwachsenen in der Literatur beschrieben werden und wie Betroffene diese Belastungen erleben.

Methoden Für den Zeitraum 2007–2022 wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via OvidSP, PsycINFO via OvidSP und PubMed durchgeführt. Zusätzlich zu der Recherche in den Datenbanken erfolgte eine Handsuche über eine Internetsuche sowie über die Referenzlisten der eingeschlossenen und kritisch bewerteten Artikel.

Ergebnisse Inkontinenz beeinflusst das gesamte Leben von Betroffenen. Inkontinente Menschen leiden unter geringem Selbstwert und empfinden Scham. Sie reduzieren körperliche Aktivitäten, verringern soziale Kontakte und erfahren Probleme im Erwerbsleben. Oft führt die Erkrankung zu Beeinträchtigungen in der Partnerschaft und Sexualität. Jüngere Menschen erleben diese Probleme belastender als ältere.

Zusammenfassung Um zur Enttabuisierung von Harninkontinenz beizutragen, sollte bei allen Berufsgruppen im Gesundheitswesen ein verstärktes Bewusstsein über die Lebenssituation von inkontinenten Menschen geschaffen werden. Aufklärung bekommt einen hohen Stellenwert und Strategien zur besseren Unterstützung von Betroffenen sollten entwickelt werden.
Comparison of Sinonasal Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Uni-nostril and Bi-nostril Endoscopic Trans-sphenoidal Excision of Pituitary Adenomas: A Prospective Study
Authors: Vupputuri Hemanth , D'Souza Wilson Prashanth , Ralte Zoremsangi , Malleshappa Vikram , Chacko Ari George , Rupa Vedantam , Rajshekhar Vedantam
Published: August 2023

Background Prospective studies comparing quality-of-life and olfaction in patients undergoing endoscopic uni-nostril versus bi-nostril trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery have not been published.

Methods We prospectively compared olfaction and quality-of-life at baseline and at 3 to 6 months follow-up using the Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory-12 (ASK-12) questionnaire, composite olfaction score, and Lund–Kennedy Endoscopic Score (LKES) in 43 patients who underwent endoscopic excision of pituitary adenoma with either a uni-nostril (24 patients) or a bi-nostril (19 patients) approach.

Results Baseline data for both groups were comparable. In the uni-nostril group, ASK-12 and LKES scores were not significantly different at follow-up when compared with the preoperative scores. In the bi-nostril group, there was a significant postoperative worsening of ASK-12 scores (mean: 3.2 vs. 5.3; p = 0.04) and the LKES (mean: 2.9 vs. 6.6; p = 0.01). Composite olfaction score was not significantly affected postoperatively with either approach. Nasal complications were also more in the bi-nostril group (5/18, 27.8% vs. 1/23, 4.3%) but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.07).

Conclusion Both approaches preserve olfactory function but the uni-nostril approach is associated with better postoperative quality-of-life and endoscopic scores and subjective olfaction outcomes. At least in short term, the postoperative morbidity is higher in the bi-nostril approach compared with the uni-nostril approach. Although preference for a particular approach is related to a surgeon's preference, preoperative counselling of the patients regarding sinonasal morbidity is important.
Nutritional Management in Children and Adolescents with Severe Neurological Impairment—Who Cares? A Web-Based Survey Among Pediatric Specialists in Germany
Authors: Hommel Sara , Lücke T. , Schmidt-Choudhury A.
Published: August 2023

Background Nutritional management of children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment (SNI) is challenging. A web-based survey was distributed to identify the present situation and the knowledge of the involved medical professionals in Germany.

Methods The survey was created with LimeSurvey, and access data were distributed by several medical societies. Eighty-three questions covered four topics: “general information,” “gastro- and jejunostomy procedure,” “handling of gastrostomies and feeding tubes,” and “nutritional management and follow-up of children and adolescents with SNI.” A descriptive analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel.

Results A total of 156 participated (65 completed and 91 partially), 27% being pediatric gastroenterologists, 23% pediatric neurologists, and 10% pediatric surgeons. The most common indications for gastrostomy and tube feeding were oropharyngeal dysfunction and failure to thrive. Many patients were still underweight after some months of enteral feeding. The procedure of gastrostomy and handling recommendations varied broadly. Frequently, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and written local guidelines did not exist, and there was a considerable request for training. Only 53% of participants were aware of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition position paper published in 2017, even fewer (38%) followed the guidelines. The recommended measures to assess a nutritional status were often not respected.

Conclusion Nutritional management of children and adolescents with SNI in Germany is still strongly deficient. Despite the international guideline of 2017, few colleagues are aware of and adhere to the recommendations. This could be improved by interdisciplinary teaching and evaluation of the reasons for noncompliance. The procedure of gastrostomy and the patients' follow-up vary widely. Therefore, modified SOPs should be developed.
Analysis of the cylindrical plasma antenna system modes in a wide frequency range
Authors: Wang Hailu , Yao Jingfeng , Astafiev A. M. , Li He-Ping
Published: August 2023

Plasma antennas have promising prospects for practical use with quick changes in their parameters in a wide frequency range. In this work, the radiation pattern of a plasma antenna system, which consists of a short linear antenna surrounded by fluorescent lamps, is analyzed in a frequency range of 0.5–1.5 GHz. In numerical simulation, the parameters of the gas-discharge plasma were used, which were obtained using the drift theory. In addition, an analysis of the radiation patterns using a simple and intuitive ring antenna array model was carried out, and the limit of its applicability was demonstrated. The experimental data were compared with those of simulation and theoretical analysis. Finally, a simulation was performed to compare the plasma antenna system with its metal counterpart. The results obtained are important for a whole class of nested antenna systems.
Implementation of extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy on a sheared-flow-stabilized Z pinch
Authors: Klemmer A. W. , Fuelling S. , Bauer B. S. , Wurden G. A. , Taylor A. S. , Sutherland D. A. , Shah A. P. , Stepanov A. D. , Levitt B. J. , Nelson B. A. , Weber T. R. , Quinley M. , Shumlak U.
Published: August 2023

A diagnostic for extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy was fielded on the sheared-flow-stabilized (SFS) fusion Z-pinch experiment (FuZE-Q) for the first time. The spectrometer collected time-gated plasma emission spectra in the 5–40 nm wavelength (30–250 eV) range for impurity identification, radiative power studies, and for plasma temperature and density measurements. The unique implementation of the diagnostic included fast (10 ns risetime) pulsed high voltage electronics and a multi-stage differential pumping system that allowed the vacuum-coupled spectrometer to collect three independently timed spectra per FuZE-Q shot while also protecting sensitive internal components. Analysis of line emission identifies oxygen (N-, C-, B-, Be-, Li-, and He-like O), peaking in intensity shortly after maximum current (>500 kA). This work provides a foundation for future high energy spectroscopy experiments on SFS Z-pinch devices.
Design of a point-focusing lens antenna based on 3D printing for a small-area plasma
Authors: Yue Dong , Guo Lixin , Li Jiangting , Guo Linjing
Published: August 2023

The interaction mechanism between plasmas and electromagnetic waves has not been fully defined, and experiments are helpful for investigating the mechanism and verifying the theoretical analysis. This paper proposes a point-focusing lens antenna based on three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for the experimental study of the interaction between electromagnetic waves and a small-area plasma. First, CST simulation software was used for the simulation design of the horn antenna and focusing lens. Subsequently, 3D printing technology was used to print the lens combined with the horn antenna for experimental verification of the focusing performance. Finally, an electromagnetic wave passing through a plasma was experimentally investigated, and it was mutually verified with the propagation theory of electromagnetic waves in plasmas. The experimental and theoretical data indicated that the 3D-printed point-focusing lens antenna exhibited a good focusing effect on electromagnetic waves. This method may be used by employing a variety of materials and designs, thereby considerably improving the detection of small-area plasma. It may also solve the issue of the radial diffraction effect of narrow cylindrical plasma generated by inductively coupled plasma-generation equipment and reduce the error associated with experimental data. Therefore, this method may be useful for plasma propagation measurement, plasma-environment diffraction analysis, and parameter inversion of complex plasma environments.
Evolutionary computational method for tuberculosis model with fuzziness
Authors: Alsaadi Ateq , Dayan Fazal , Ahmed Nauman , Baleanu Dumitru , Rafiq Muhammad , Raza Ali
Published: August 2023

This work investigates the computational study of a six-compartmental mathematical model of tuberculosis disease dynamics with the impact of vaccination. Traditional mathematical models presume that all variables are precise and can be measured or calculated precisely. However, in many real-world scenarios, variables may need to be more accurate or easier to quantify, resulting in model uncertainty. Considering this, fuzziness is introduced into the model by taking the contact, recovery, and death rates due to disease as fuzzy membership functions. Two numerical computational schemes, forward Euler and nonstandard finite difference (NSFD), are designed to solve the model. The positivity and convergence for the developed method are investigated, which are significant characteristics of these dynamical models, and it is revealed that these features are preserved in the extended scheme. Numerical computations are performed to support the analytical results. The numerical and computational results indicate that the proposed NSFD method adequately represents the dynamics of the disease despite the uncertainty and heterogeneity. Moreover, the obtained method generates plausible predictions that regulators can use to design and develop control strategies to support decision-making.
Remote detection of Fusarium crown rot in broadacre bread wheat and durum wheat through use of aerial imagery
Authors: Buster M. , Simpfendorfer S. , Guppy C. , Sissons M. , Tighe M. K. , Flavel R. J.
Published: August 2023

Context The cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum, is a worldwide major constraint to winter cereal production, especially in Australia’s northern grain region of New South Wales and Queensland. Aims Detection of the disease is labour-intensive and often not spatially quantifiable; hence, the aim of this study was to provide methods for in-crop FCR detection on a broadacre scale. Methods A replicated field experiment across three locations in northern New South Wales explored the use of thermal and multispectral imagery and hyperspectral reflectance data for the spatial detection of FCR in three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) varieties in the presence and absence of inoculation with F. pseudograminearum. Key results Canopy temperature was 0.30–0.90°C higher in two-thirds of field sites inoculated with the pathogen during early wheat growth in a slightly wetter than normal season. Some multispectral indices including normalised difference red edge, normalised difference vegetation index, near infrared and red edge also demonstrated the ability to identify inoculated versus uninoculated treatments as early as the first node stage (GS31). Conclusions Although positive identification was achieved with remote detection, environmental conditions (i.e. soil-water availability and ambient temperature) and physiological maturity influenced the accuracy of the technology for detecting FCR infection, particularly in wetter early-season conditions. Implications Early spatial detection of FCR infection on a broadacre scale could allow producers to manage this disease spatially through better agronomic decisions.
Slow recovery of stream invertebrates on subantarctic Macquarie Island after eradication of introduced rabbits and regrowth of vegetation
Authors: Marchant R. , Kefford B. J. , Houghton M. , Wasley J. , King C. K.
Published: August 2023

Context Streams on subantarctic Macquarie Island were first sampled for freshwater invertebrates in 1992 when rabbit numbers were low. Then an average 11.6 taxa per site were recorded. Between 2000 and 2011, vegetation was overgrazed as rabbit numbers increased. In 2008 and 2010, 7.4–8.4 taxa per site were recorded, abundance of most taxa had decreased and greatest compositional changes occurred at sites exposed to moderate or severe vegetation damage. Rabbits were eradicated in 2011 and substantial regrowth of vegetation was evident by 2016. Aims Sites were resampled in 2016 to determine the extent to which the invertebrate communities had changed after rabbit removal. Methods In all, 13 of the original 15 sites sampled in 1992 were resampled. Five kick samples were taken at each site. Key results Mean taxon richness (8.2 taxa per site) and community composition at individual sites remained, in 2016, very similar to that recorded in 2008 and 2010 when the island was heavily grazed. Conclusions Recovery of stream invertebrate communities appeared to be slow, possibly because few refuges were available. Minor changes in climate and water quality did not influence recovery. Implications Stream invertebrate communities could take a decade or more to recover.
Plastid phylogenomics of the Eriostemon group (Rutaceae; Zanthoxyloideae): support for major clades and investigation of a backbone polytomy
Authors: Orel Harvey K. , McLay Todd G. B. , Neal Will C. , Forster Paul I. , Bayly Michael J.
Published: August 2023

Most of Australia’s sclerophyllous Rutaceae belong to a clade informally known as the ‘Eriostemon group’ (including 16 genera, ~209 species). We investigated generic relationships in this group using analyses of complete plastome sequence data for 60 species and analyses of a supermatrix including sequences of four plastome spacer regions for 22 additional species. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and shortcut coalescent phylogenetic analyses produced congruent phylogenies that were highly supported, except for a series of short unsupported branches in the backbone of the Eriostemon group. We found high support for four major clades branching from this polytomy and discuss evolutionary inferences of generic relationships in each lineage. In an effort to resolve the polytomy, we analysed gene tree topologies in tree space, phylogenetic informativeness with likelihood mapping, and conducted topology tests to assess support for all possible topological resolutions of the polytomy. These approaches did not clarify the polytomy, which may be caused by insufficient data, features of plastome evolution, or rapid radiation. Results from analyses of the combined supermatrix dataset suggest that Philotheca section Philotheca is paraphyletic with regards to Drummondita and Geleznowia. In all phylogenies, Philotheca sections Corynonema and Cyanochlamys were not placed with other members of Philotheca.
A role for the Gram-negative outer membrane in bacterial shape determination
Authors: Fivenson Elayne M. , Rohs Patricia D. A. , Vettiger Andrea , Sardis Marios F. , Torres Grasiela , Forchoh Alison , Bernhardt Thomas G.
Published: August 2023

The cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria consists of three distinct layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, a cell wall made of peptidoglycan (PG), and an asymmetric outer membrane (OM) composed of phospholipid in the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) glycolipid in the outer leaflet. The PG layer has long been thought to be the major structural component of the envelope protecting cells from osmotic lysis and providing them with their characteristic shape. In recent years, the OM has also been shown to be a load-bearing layer of the cell surface that fortifies cells against internal turgor pressure. However, whether the OM also plays a role in morphogenesis has remained unclear. Here, we report that changes in LPS synthesis or modification predicted to strengthen the OM can suppress the growth and shape defects of
Escherichia coli
mutants with reduced activity in a conserved PG synthesis machine called the Rod complex (elongasome) that is responsible for cell elongation and shape determination. Evidence is presented that OM fortification in the shape mutants restores the ability of MreB cytoskeletal filaments to properly orient the synthesis of new cell wall material by the Rod complex. Our results are therefore consistent with a role for the OM in the propagation of rod shape during growth in addition to its well-known function as a diffusion barrier promoting the intrinsic antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria.
Human FAM111A inhibits vaccinia virus replication by degrading viral protein I3 and is antagonized by poxvirus host range factor SPI-1
Authors: Zhu Junda , Gao Xintao , Li Yijing , Zhang Zihui , Xie Shijie , Ren Shuning , Li Yarui , Li Hua , Niu Kang , Fu Shufang , Deng Yining , Li Yinü , Moss Bernard , Wu Wenxue , Peng Chen
Published: August 2023

Zoonotic poxviruses such as mpox virus (MPXV) continue to threaten public health safety since the eradication of smallpox. Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypic poxvirus used as the vaccine strain for smallpox eradication, is the best-characterized member of the poxvirus family. VACV encodes a serine protease inhibitor 1 (SPI-1) conserved in all orthopoxviruses, which has been recognized as a host range factor for modified VACV Ankara (MVA), an approved smallpox vaccine and a promising vaccine vector. FAM111A (family with sequence similarity 111 member A), a nuclear protein that regulates host DNA replication, was shown to restrict the replication of a VACV SPI-1 deletion mutant (VACV-ΔSPI-1) in human cells. Nevertheless, the detailed antiviral mechanisms of FAM111A were unresolved. Here, we show that FAM111A is a potent restriction factor for VACV-ΔSPI-1 and MVA. Deletion of FAM111A rescued the replication of MVA and VACV-ΔSPI-1 and overexpression of FAM111A significantly reduced viral DNA replication and virus titers but did not affect viral early gene expression. The antiviral effect of FAM111A necessitated its trypsin-like protease domain and DNA-binding domain but not the PCNA-interacting motif. We further identified that FAM111A translocated into the cytoplasm upon VACV infection by degrading the nuclear pore complex via its protease activity, interacted with VACV DNA-binding protein I3, and promoted I3 degradation through autophagy. Moreover, SPI-1 from VACV, MPXV, or lumpy skin disease virus was able to antagonize FAM111A by prohibiting its nuclear export. Our findings reveal the detailed mechanism by which FAM111A inhibits VACV and provide explanations for the immune evasive function of VACV SPI-1.
PI3K block restores age-dependent neurovascular coupling defects associated with cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Thakore Pratish , Yamasaki Evan , Ali Sher , Sanchez Solano Alfredo , Labelle-Dumais Cassandre , Gao Xiao , Chaumeil Myriam M. , Gould Douglas B. , Earley Scott
Published: August 2023

Neurovascular coupling (NVC), a vital physiological process that rapidly and precisely directs localized blood flow to the most active regions of the brain, is accomplished in part by the vast network of cerebral capillaries acting as a sensory web capable of detecting increases in neuronal activity and orchestrating the dilation of upstream parenchymal arterioles. Here, we report a
Col4a1
mutant mouse model of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) with age-dependent defects in capillary-to-arteriole dilation, functional hyperemia in the brain, and memory. The fundamental defect in aged mutant animals was the depletion of the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP
2
) in brain capillary endothelial cells, leading to the loss of inwardly rectifying K
+
(Kir2.1) channel activity. Blocking phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), an enzyme that diminishes the bioavailability of PIP
2
by converting it to phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate (PIP
3
), restored Kir2.1 channel activity, capillary-to-arteriole dilation, and functional hyperemia. In longitudinal studies, chronic PI3K inhibition also improved the memory function of aged
Col4a1
mutant mice. Our data suggest that PI3K inhibition is a viable therapeutic strategy for treating defective NVC and cognitive impairment associated with cSVD.
IL-15 synergizes with CD40 agonist antibodies to induce durable immunity against bladder cancer
Authors: Wong Jeffrey L. , Smith Patrick , Angulo-Lozano Juan , Ranti Daniel , Bochner Bernard H. , Sfakianos John P. , Horowitz Amir , Ravetch Jeffrey V. , Knorr David A.
Published: August 2023

CD40 is a central costimulatory receptor implicated in productive antitumor immune responses across multiple cancers, including bladder cancer. Despite strong preclinical rationale, systemic administration of therapeutic agonistic antibodies targeting the CD40 pathway has demonstrated dose-limiting toxicities with minimal clinical activity, emphasizing an important need for optimized CD40-targeted approaches, including rational combination therapy strategies. Here, we describe a role for the endogenous IL-15 pathway in contributing to the therapeutic activity of CD40 agonism in orthotopic bladder tumors, with upregulation of transpresented IL-15/IL-15Rα surface complexes, particularly by cross-presenting conventional type 1 DCs (Dendritic Cells), and associated enrichment of activated CD8 T cells. In bladder cancer patient samples, we identify DCs as the primary source of IL-15, although they lack high levels of IL-15Rα at baseline. Using humanized immunocompetent orthotopic bladder tumor models, we demonstrate the ability to therapeutically augment this interaction through combined treatment with anti-CD40 agonist antibodies and exogenous IL-15, including the fully-human Fc-optimized antibody 2141-V11 currently in clinical development for the treatment of bladder cancer. Collectively, these data reveal an important role for IL-15 in mediating antitumor CD40 agonist responses in bladder cancer and provide key proof-of-concept for combined use of Fc-optimized anti-CD40 agonist antibodies and agents targeting the IL-15 pathway. These data support expansion of ongoing clinical studies evaluating anti-CD40 agonist antibodies and IL-15-based approaches to develop combinations of these promising therapeutics for the treatment of patients with bladder cancer.
Generational populism and the political rise of Robert Kyagulanyi – aka Bobi Wine – in Uganda
Authors: Melchiorre Luke
Published: August 2023

This article analyses the political rise of the Ugandan opposition leader, Robert Kyagulanyi, aka Bobi Wine, arguing that he has a deployed a novel type of generational populism – a mobilising political discourse which frames the struggle between ‘the people’ and ‘the elite’ in generational terms, defining the former in relation to their status as youth, and in antagonistic opposition to an elite, which is depicted as defending a gerontocratic political order. At a theoretical level, the article broadens political science’s conception of populism, by introducing a new subtype of the political phenomenon which demonstrates the importance of intergenerational dynamics in the construction of the discursive categories of ‘the people’ and ‘the elite’. While it argues that Kyagulanyi’s success demonstrates the potential of populism in African countries to electorally challenge incumbent regimes, by helping to build political coalitions across ethno-regional lines, incorporating previously excluded social groups into the political process, it concludes by stressing that Kyagulanyi’s political project has failed to offer any real ideological alternative to the neoliberal orthodoxy that has characterised President Museveni’s Uganda over the last four decades.
Chemically detaching hBN crystals grown at atmospheric pressure and high temperature for high-performance graphene devices
Authors: Ouaj Taoufiq , Kramme Leonard , Metzelaars Marvin , Li Jiahan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Edgar James H , Beschoten Bernd , Kögerler Paul , Stampfer Christoph
Published: August 2023

In this work, we report on the growth of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) crystals from an iron flux at atmospheric pressure and high temperature and demonstrate that (i) the entire sheet of hBN crystals can be detached from the metal in a single step using hydrochloric acid and that (ii) these hBN crystals allow to fabricate high carrier mobility graphene-hBN devices. By combining spatially-resolved confocal Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements, we confirm the excellent quality of these crystals for high-performance hBN-graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures. The full width at half maximum of the graphene Raman 2D peak is as low as 16 cm−1, and the room temperature charge carrier mobilitiy is around 80 000 cm2/(Vs) at a carrier density 1 × 1012 cm−12. This is fully comparable with devices of similar dimensions fabricated using crystalline hBN synthesized by the high pressure and high temperature method. Finally, we show that for exfoliated high-quality hBN flakes with a thickness between 20 and 40 nm the line width of the hBN Raman peak, in contrast to the graphene 2D line width, is not useful for benchmarking hBN in high mobility graphene devices.
Size-dependent bending and buckling of two-dimensional functionally graded microplates, an artificial neural network approach
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohsen , Mahdavian Mohsen , Askari Amir R
Published: August 2023

The main goal of the present study is to focus on the application of artificial neural network (ANN) in predicting the bending and buckling behaviors of size-dependent small-scale micro-plates. To this end, the recently introduced thick microplates made of two-dimensional functionally graded materials (2D-FGM) with simply supported boundary conditions are considered. Adopting the modified couple stress and third-order shear deformation theories together with the Ritz method, the bending and buckling ANN models, including nine and ten input variables, are trained by two databases containing 8842 and 9980 random data for each of these two analyses, respectively. The selected network has six hidden layers, each of them contains 32 nodes. Employing the present ANN model, whose determination coefficient is 98.6%, the variation of microplate deflection and its buckling load versus the input variables are investigated. It is observed that despite the long run-time and the complexities involved in the solution procedures associated with the governing equilibrium and eigenvalue equations, the ANN models enjoy fast and accurate predictions. The rest of the present work is devoted to optimizing the geometric and material variables of a 2D-FGM microplate with respect to the buckling load via the genetic algorithm (GA) method whose fitness function is evaluated by the trained ANN. The results reveal that the combination of the ANN and GA can be treated as a promising tool for optimizing the geometric and material parameters of a 2D-FGM microplate regarding its buckling load.
GUP-reinforced Hawking radiation in rotating linear dilaton black hole spacetime
Authors: Sucu E , Sakallı İ
Published: August 2023

This article investigates the influence of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) on the emission of Hawking quanta in a rotating linear dilaton black hole spacetime. The study proposes a GUP-reinforced black hole thermal emission model that takes into account the quantum tunneling process with GUP effects. The result obtained for the corrected temperature suggests that temperature of the GUP-reinforced Hawking radiation decreases with the increasing GUP parameter and gets higher values with the increasing mass of the black hole. The study also discusses the implications of these findings on the corrected entropy and hence the information loss paradox, and the potential for experimental verification of GUP effects in astrophysical observations. Overall, this work highlights the significant role of GUP in the thermal emission of non-asymptotically flat stationary black holes and can shed light on the intricate interplay between quantum gravity and astrophysics.
Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion onto a rotating black hole with ultralight scalar hair
Authors: Cruz-Osorio Alejandro , Rezzolla Luciano , Lora-Clavijo Fabio D. , Font José Antonio , Herdeiro Carlos , Radu Eugen
Published: August 2023

We present a numerical study of relativistic Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton (BHL)
accretion onto an asymptotically flat black hole with synchronized
hair. The hair is sourced by an ultralight, complex scalar field,
minimally coupled to Einstein's gravity. Our simulations consider a
supersonic flow parametrized by the asymptotic values of the fluid
quantities and a sample of hairy black holes with different masses,
angular momenta, and amount of scalar hair. For all models, steady-state
BHL accretion solutions are attained that are characterized by the
presence of a shock-cone and a stagnation point downstream. For the
models of the sample with the largest component of scalar field, the
shock-cone envelops fully the black hole, transitioning into a bow-shock,
and the stagnation points move further away downstream. Analytical
expressions for the mass accretion rates are obtained after fitting the
numerical results, which can be used to analyze black-hole formation
scenarios in the presence of ultralight scalar fields. The formation of a
shock-cone leads to regions where sound waves can be trapped and resonant
oscillations excited. We measure the frequencies of such quasi-periodic
oscillations and point out a possible association with quasi-periodic
oscillations in the X-ray light curve of Sgr A* and microquasars.
On the consistency of ΛCDM with CMB measurements in light of the latest Planck, ACT and SPT data
Authors: Calderon Rodrigo , Shafieloo Arman , Kumar Hazra Dhiraj , Sohn Wuhyun
Published: August 2023

Using Gaussian Processes we perform a thorough, non-parametric consistency test of the ΛCDM model when confronted with state-of-the-art TT, TE, and EE measurements of the anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background by thePlanck, ACT, and SPT collaborations. Using ΛCDM's best-fit predictions to the TTTEEE data fromPlanck, we find no statistically significant deviations when looking for signatures in the residuals across the different datasets. The results of SPT are in good agreement with the ΛCDM best-fit predictions to thePlanckdata, while the results of ACT are only marginally consistent. However, when using the best-fit predictions to CamSpec — a recent reanalysis of thePlanckdata — as the mean function, we find larger discrepancies between the datasets. Our analysis also reveals an interesting feature in the polarisation (EE) measurements from the CamSpec analysis, which could be explained by a slight underestimation of the covariance matrix. Interestingly, the disagreement between CamSpec andPlanck/ACT is mainly visible in the residuals of the TT spectrum, the latter favoring a scale-invariant tiltns≃ 1, which is consistent with previous findings from parametric analyses. We also report some features in the EE measurements captured both by ACT and SPT which are independent of the chosen mean function and could be hinting towards a common physical origin. For completeness, we repeat our analysis using the best-fit spectra to ACT+WMAP as the mean function. Finally, we test the internal consistency of thePlanckdata alone by studying the high and low-ℓ ranges separately, finding no discrepancy between small and large angular scales.
Investigation of reflection anisotropy induced by micropipe defects on the surface of a 4H-SiC single crystal using scanning anisotropy microscopy
Authors: Huang 黄 Wei 威 , Yu 俞 Jinling 金玲 , Liu 刘 Yu 雨 , Peng 彭 Yan 燕 , Wang 王 Lijun 利军 , Liang 梁 Ping 平 , Chen 陈 Tangsheng 堂胜 , Xu 徐 Xiangang 现刚 , Liu 刘 Fengqi 峰奇 , Chen 陈 Yonghai 涌海
Published: August 2023

Optical reflection anisotropy microscopy mappings of micropipe defects on the surface of a 4H-SiC single crystal are studied by the scanning anisotropy microscopy (SAM) system. The reflection anisotropy (RA) image with a ‘butterfly pattern’ is obtained around the micropipes by SAM. The RA image of the edge dislocations is theoretically simulated based on dislocation theory and the photoelastic principle. By comparing with the Raman spectrum, it is verified that the micropipes consist of edge dislocations. The different patterns of the RA images are due to the different orientations of the Burgers vectors. Besides, the strain distribution of the micropipes is also deduced. One can identify the dislocation type, the direction of the Burgers vector and the optical anisotropy from the RA image by using SAM. Therefore, SAM is an ideal tool to measure the optical anisotropy induced by the strain field around a defect.
Coexistence behavior of asymmetric attractors in hyperbolic-type memristive Hopfield neural network and its application in image encryption
Authors: Li 李 Xiaoxia 晓霞 , He 何 Qianqian 倩倩 , Yu 余 Tianyi 天意 , Cai 才 Zhuang 壮 , Xu 徐 Guizhi 桂芝
Published: August 2023

The neuron model has been widely employed in neural-morphic computing systems and chaotic circuits. This study aims to develop a novel circuit simulation of a three-neuron Hopfield neural network (HNN) with coupled hyperbolic memristors through the modification of a single coupling connection weight. The bistable mode of the hyperbolic memristive HNN (mHNN), characterized by the coexistence of asymmetric chaos and periodic attractors, is effectively demonstrated through the utilization of conventional nonlinear analysis techniques. These techniques include bifurcation diagrams, two-parameter maximum Lyapunov exponent plots, local attractor basins, and phase trajectory diagrams. Moreover, an encryption technique for color images is devised by leveraging the mHNN model and asymmetric structural attractors. This method demonstrates significant benefits in correlation, information entropy, and resistance to differential attacks, providing strong evidence for its effectiveness in encryption. Additionally, an improved modular circuit design method is employed to create the analog equivalent circuit of the memristive HNN. The correctness of the circuit design is confirmed through Multisim simulations, which align with numerical simulations conducted in Matlab.
Measurement of 169Tm(n, 2n)168Tm reaction cross sections from 12 to 19.8 MeV*
Authors: Zhu 朱 Chuanxin 传新 , Guo 郭 Hairui 海瑞 , Wang 王 Jia 佳 , Zheng 郑 Pu 普 , Lu 鹿 Xinxin 心鑫 , Zhu 朱 Tonghua 通华
Published: August 2023

The cross sections of the 169Tm(n, 2n)168Tm reaction have been measured at incident energies of 12 to 19.8 MeV using the activation technique, relative to the 93Nb(n, 2n)92mNb reaction. Thulium (Tm) samples were irradiated on the surface of a two-ring orientation assembly with neutrons produced from the 3H(d, n)4He reaction at the 5SDH-2 1.7-MV Tandem accelerator in China. Theoretical model calculations were performed. The present data were then compared with previous experimental data and available evaluated data. This study provides more precise nuclear data for improvement of future evaluations.
Photocatalytic activity of visible light active Sr-hexaferrite prepared by solid-state reaction and the pechini methods
Authors: Ayala M F Ramírez , Herrera-González A M , Pérez-Juache T J , Salazar-Muñoz V E , Espericueta D , Cabal-Velarde J G , García-Gallegos J H , Lobo-Guerrero A
Published: August 2023

In this work, strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) was prepared using two different methods, the solid-state reaction and the sol–gel pechini methods. In each case, the structural properties and microstructural features were analyzed in order to evaluate their influence on the photocatalytic activity of the strontium hexaferrite. In addition, the magnetic properties of each sample were also investigated. The analysis of the photocatalytic activity was done using methylene blue as a test dye. The results show that the fabrication method significantly impacts how the photocatalytic activity occurs. Firstly, the bandgap energy of the sample obtained by the solid-state reaction method turned out to be smaller than that obtained by the sol–gel pechini method. This behavior was attributed to the structural differences shown between the two samples. On the other hand, particle size also has a significant effect on photochemical reactions. However, smaller particle sizes make it difficult for photons to transport in the system, resulting in reduced photocatalytic activity. In this case, better results were obtained from the sample obtained from the solid-state reaction method.
DEM-FEM coupling analysis of shot′s energy distribution and target′s residual stress of pneumatic shot peening
Authors: Wu Genshang , Shao Jinggan , He Zhanshu , Ding Saifei , Zhang Zhi , Li Chao , Cong Li
Published: August 2023

Pneumatic shot peening is a widely used surface strengthening method. During the peening process, shots often collide with each other, resulting in large energy loss and small compressive residual stress. In order to achieve the optimum compressive residual stress with as little energy loss as possible, firstly the collision mechanism of shots and the forming and coupling mechanism of the target’s residual stress are revealed, and then pneumatic shot peening is simulated by using DEM-FEM coupling model. Then, the effects of impact angle θ, initial shot velocity v
0, shot diameter d
p, and mass flow rate r
m on the percentage η of shots with different ratios of the impact velocity to initial shot velocity v
m/v
0, the energy loss (EL), the energy transferred from shots to the target (ET), the residual energy (ER) and the compressive residual stress (RS) are investigated. The results show that as many random shots successively impact the target, the RS field induced by each shot couples with some adjacent RS fields induced by other shots, so that disperse RS fields are gradually transformed into a continuous RS layer with the compressive RS in the surface and the tensile RS in the subsurface. With the increase of θ and r
m and with the decrease of v
0 and d
p, the collision probability of shots increases, so EL also increases and η of shots with a large v
m/v
0 decreases. While, ET increases with the increase of v
0 and d
p, decreases with the increase of r
m, and first increases and then decreases with the increase of θ. ET does not entirely determine but greatly affects the compressive RS field. So, the surface compressive RS and the maximum compressive RS first increase and then decrease with the increase of θ and r
m, while the two parameters increase with the increase of v
0 and d
p. The optimum parameters of shots are θ = 75°, v
0 = 60 m s−1, d
p = 0.25 mm and r
m = 2 kg min−1, in which ET reaches 45%, the surface compressive RS of S11 and S33 reach 512 MPa and 510 MPa respectively, and the maximum compressive RS of S11 and S33 reach 665 MPa and 746 MPa respectively.
Diagnostics of quantum-gate coherences deteriorated by unitary errors via end-point-measurement statistics
Authors: Gianani Ilaria , Belenchia Alessio , Gherardini Stefano , Berardi Vincenzo , Barbieri Marco , Paternostro Mauro
Published: August 2023

Quantum coherence is a central ingredient in quantum physics with several theoretical and technological ramifications. We consider a figure of merit encoding the information on how the coherence generated on average by a quantum gate is affected by unitary errors (coherent noise sources) in the form of rotation-angle and rotation-axis errors. We provide numerical evidences that such information is well captured by the statistics of local energy measurements on the output states of the gate. These findings are then corroborated by experimental data taken in a quantum optics setting.
Vinogradov’s cohomological geometry of partial differential equations
Authors: Pugliese Fabrizio , Sparano Giovanni , Vitagliano Luca
Published: August 2023

Secondary Calculus is a formal replacement for differential calculus on the space of solutions of a system of possibly non-linear partial differential equations and it is essentially due to Alexandre M. Vinogradov and his collaborators. Many coordinate free properties of PDEs find their natural place in Secondary Calculus including: symmetries and conservation laws, variational principles and the coordinate free aspects of the calculus of variations, recursion operators and Hamiltonian structures, etc. The building blocks of this language are horizontal cohomologies of diffieties, i.e. infinite prolongations of PDEs, and their versions with local coefficients. The main paradigm of Secondary Calculus is the principle, due to A. M. Vinogradov, roughly stating that: differential calculus on the space of solutions of a PDE is calculus up to homotopy on the horizontal de Rham algebra of the associated diffiety. We will review the fundamentals of Secondary Calculus including its main motivations. In the last part of the paper, we will try to explain the role of homotopy in the theory.
Frölicher structures, diffieties, and a formal KP hierarchy
Authors: Magnot Jean-Pierre , Reyes Enrique , Rubtsov Vladimir
Published: August 2023

We propose a definition of a diffiety based on the theory of Frölicher structures. As a consequence, we obtain a natural Vinogradov sequence and, under the assumption of the existence of a suitable derivation on a given diffiety, we can form on it a Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy which is well-posed.
Quasi-derivations on 𝑈𝔤𝔩_{𝔫} and the argument shift method
Authors: Sharygin G.
Published: August 2023

This paper surveys various properties of the quasi-derivations of the universal enveloping algebra

U

g
l

n

U\mathfrak {gl}_n

(over real or complex field) introduced by Gurevich, Pyatov and Saponov. We reinterprete these maps in terms of the algebraic operations on

U

g
l

n

U\mathfrak {gl}_n

and differential operators on

G

L
n

GL_n

. We also describe the role of these operators in the attempts to implement the argument shifting procedure on

U

g
l

n

U\mathfrak {gl}_n

.
Polarization of generalized Nijenhuis torsions
Authors: Tempesta Piergiulio , Tondo Giorgio
Published: August 2023

In this work, we introduce the notion of polarization of generalized Nijenhuis torsions and establish several algebraic identities. We prove that these polarizations are relevant in the characterization of Haantjes

C

∞

C^{\infty }

(M)-modules of operator fields.
Erythritol aggravates gut inflammation and anxiety-like behavioral disorders induced by acute dextran sulfate sodium administration in mice
Authors: Jiang Yuzhi , Yin Hailing , Wang Hongyu , Tao Ting , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2023

Erythritol is a widely used sugar substitute in food and beverages with beneficial and detrimental roles in obesity and cardiovascular diseases, respectively; however, its influence on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and related behavioral disorders is not well understood. Here, we found that erythritol exacerbated gut inflammation by promoting macrophage infiltration and inducing M1 macrophage polarization, thus increasing gut leakage during colitis triggered by acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. Increased gut permeability can cause neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behavioral disorders. In conclusion, our results revealed a negative role for erythritol in gut inflammation and anxiety-like behavioral disorders induced by erythritol administration in a mouse model of acute colitis, suggesting that erythritol intake control may be necessary for IBD treatment.
The centre-calculated cutoff value is better for identifying fast peritoneal solute transfer of patients on peritoneal dialysis than the traditional value: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guo Jing , Liu Ruihua , Peng Yuan , Yi Chunyan , Wu Haishan , Ye Hongjian , Lin Jianxiong , Diao Xiangwen , Huang Fengxian , Mao Haiping , Guo Qunying , Yang Xiao
Published: August 2023

Background

The mean 4-h dialysate to plasma ratio of creatinine (4-h D/Pcr) is a vital cutoff value for recognizing the fast peritoneal solute transfer rate (PSTR) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD); however, it shows a noticeable centre effect. We aimed to investigate our centre-calculated cutoff value (CCV) of 4-h D/Pcr and compare it with the traditional cutoff value (TCV) (0.65).

Methods

In this study, we enrolled incident PD patients at our centre from 2008 to 2019, and divided them into fast or non-fast PSTR groups according to baseline 4-h D/Pcr–based CCV or TCV. We compared the efficiency of the fast PSTR recognized by two cutoff values in predicting mortality, ultrafiltration (UF) insufficiency and technical survival.

Results

In total, 1905 patients were enrolled, with a mean 4-h D/Pcr of 0.71 ± 0.11. Compared with TCV (0.65), CCV (0.71) showed superiority in predicting mortality of PD patients [hazard ratio (HR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.59 vs HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.97–1.59]. The odds ratio (OR) of the fast PSTR in centre classification was slightly higher than traditional classification in predicting UF insufficiency (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.25–2.24 vs OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.15–2.22). Additionally, the restricted cubic splines 4-h D/Pcr has an S-shaped association with mortality and UF insufficiency, and the inflection points of 4-h D/Pcr were 0.71 (equal to CCV).

Conclusions

The CCV of 4-h D/Pcr for identifying fast PSTR was 0.71. It was superior to TCV in predicting mortality and UF insufficiency.