bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Adaptive Reaction of European Beech Provenances from the Perspective of Quality Traits
Authors: Besliu E. , Budeanu M. , Curtu A.L.
Published: December 2024

The morphological structure of a tree's stem determines its economic value and can also indicate its level of adaptation to specific environments. Given the current concerns for resilient tree populations, the present survey aims to evaluate the adaptative reaction of European beech in the Carpathian region of Romania from the perspective of quality traits. Four European beech provenance trials, which are part of two international networks, were tested for Stem quality (Sq), Forking (Fk), and Branch diameter (Bd) at the ages of 24 and 27 after planting. The variation of the studied traits across environments and provenances was tested using the Chi-squared test for categorical variables and a linear model for the numerical variables. In the 1995 series, in the more favourable environmental conditions, there was a significantly lower presence of forked trees and lower values for Bd compared to the less favourable site, where the number of trees with severe defects was notably higher. Regarding the 1998 series, there were significantly fewer trees with multiple base stem forks in the warm-humid environment, as well as considerably lower Bd, and a significantly higher number of trees with straight stems, compared with the hot-dry site. The environment significantly conditioned the quality of the stem morphotype of the provenances. The warm-humid and hot-humid environments favoured the adaptation process of the international provenances. Assisted transfer of provenances may be a feasible solution for increasing the quality of Romanian beech stands.
A 30-Year Analysis of Forest Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Attapeu Province, Lao PDR
Authors: Phuong V.T. , Yachongtou B. , Alexsander I.R. , Thien B.B.
Published: December 2024

Changing forest areas can have a complex range of impacts on ground temperatures, from increasing temperatures due to loss of shade to creating drier and hotter local climate environments. This study aims to identify spatiotemporal changes in forest cover and retrieve land surface temperature (LST) using thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) data in Attapeu province, Lao PDR from 1994 to 2024. Geographic information system (GIS) techniques were employed to extract spatiotemporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The analysis of LULC change revealed a notable decrease of 18.43% in dense forest areas, accompanied by an increase of 7.87% in sparse forest and 11.35% in cropland, indicating a transition from dense forest to sparse forest and cropland for the study area. The analysis of LST utilizing TIRS revealed a consistent negative correlation with NDVI. The coefficient of determination (R2) indicated values of 0.5896 in 1994, 0.5691 in 2009, and 0.4344 in 2024. By correlating remotely-sensed thermal data with in situ observations, this research delineated the prolonged alterations in LST due to fluctuations in forest cover. The urgency of enacting policies is underscored to mitigate the ongoing loss of forest cover. These findings emphasize the need for immediate policy actions, such as enhanced forest conservation and reforestation programs, to mitigate rising temperatures and ensure ecological sustainability in Attapeu province. The insights garnered from this investigation hold significant implications for the conservation endeavors aimed at preserving the forests of Attapeu province.
Evaluation of Tensile and Compression Bending Moment of L-Type Joints With 3D Printed Connectors
Authors: Nicolau A. , Cosoreanu C. , Brenci L.M. , Pop M.A. , Cioaca C.
Published: December 2024

The paper investigates the bending moments under diagonal tensile and diagonal compression loads of L-type corner joints made of three wooden parts corresponding to the leg and the two stretchers used in chair construction. The wooden parts were jointed together with a 3D printed connector made of polylactic acid (PLA) filaments using Filament Fused Fabrication (FFF) as additive manufacturing technology. Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) wood was used to manufacture the wooden elements. In order to assess how the model orientation on the build platform influences the mechanical performance of the printed connector, two print positions were taken into account during the additive manufacturing (AM) process, namely horizontal and vertical. Mechanical testing under diagonal tensile and compression loads of the L-type corner joints, followed by the microscopic investigation of the fractured connectors with magnifications 50X, 80X, 100X were employed in this study. The results were compared with those of the reference L-type corner joint consisting of common mortise-tenon jointed wooden elements. The results show that the vertical orientation of the model on the build platform of the 3D printer is preferred for a better mechanical performance. The microscopy of the fractured connectors revealed the interlayer delamination of the filaments, especially in the case of the horizontal orientation of the model, which caused the wooden parts to slide out of the connector and record low values of the maximum failure loads.
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Kliuchnyk Ruslan M. , Lymonova Elvina M. ,   Alfred Nobel University
Published: December 2024

The history of humankind is closely tied to the problems of population reproduction,
changes in its size, and patterns of human settlement. Population in all countries has been
growing for millennia. However, in the 20th and 21st centuries, the situation began to change.
The article examines certain aspects of the influence of demographic factors on economic
processes. An attempt was made to outline the problems of the demographic crisis and
demographic explosion in the 21st century. While there is a demographic crisis in the West,
the countries of the Global South are mainly experiencing rapid population growth.
In modern Europe, the percentage of people of working age is decreasing, while the
share of people of non-working age is increasing. A similar situation is observed in Southeast
Asian countries, for example, in Japan and South Korea. The demographic situation in Ukraine
can also be characterized as a crisis. During the last decades, the population of Ukraine has
been rapidly decreasing.
On the other hand, in many countries of Asia and Africa, the population continues to
grow rapidly. For instance, Africa is the region with the highest total fertility rate. Examples
of countries with very high population growth are Niger, Uganda and Mali. Typically, these
countries face significant issues with education. The article uses examples from some African
(the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Asian (Bangladesh) countries to demonstrate the
varying demographic situations in different regions.
It is shown that rapid population growth can contribute to increased crime rates, which
often depend on the level of material well-being of the population. Terrorist groups often
exploit poverty to recruit young people into illegal activities. It is noted that young people are
often prone to radicalism, making a high proportion of young people in the population a risk
factor.
Rapid population growth in poor countries leads to an increase in the number of migrants,
both legal and illegal ones. Wars, famine, and political repression are among the number of
factors causing mass displacement of people. In European countries that receive migrants,
social dissatisfaction often grows. Imperfect migration policies are often the reason for the rise
in popularity of Eurosceptic parties, such as “Alternative für Deutschland” or “Lega Nord”.
Using Poland as an example, it is demonstrated that anti-migrant movements can also be
directed against Ukrainians.
The failures of European countries in their migration policies should be a warning for
Ukraine. We believe that our country will have a labour shortage after the end of the war.
Therefore, we suggest considering the difference in mentality between ethnic Ukrainians and
potential migrants. After all, the priority of the state should be to ensure the safety of Ukrainian
citizens.
HYDROGEN DIPLOMACY AND GEOPOLITICS OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Fedulova Svitlana O. , Reziapov Kyrylo I. ,   Alfred Nobel University
Published: December 2024

The research is devoted to the issues of determining the EU’s long-term strategic
choice in the context of energy transformation and studying the key elements of the EU’s
hydrogen diplomacy. The main idea of the paper is to assess the key elements of the EU’s
hydrogen diplomacy at the moment in the context of the geopolitics of energy transformation.
The potential key centres of hydrogen production in Europe has been identified in the paper.
The study also highlights that the EU plans to become an importer of green hydrogen and
Power-to-X products. Hydrogen is likely to have a significant impact on the geography of
energy trade, further regionalising energy relations. It should also be borne in mind that
pure hydrogen will not generate profits comparable to today’s oil and gas. Hydrogen is a
transformation, not an extraction, and it has the potential to be produced competitively in many
places. It is argued that there is an urgent need to transform the EU’s hydrogen diplomacy in
the paper, aligning Europe’s interests in enhancing its competitiveness and energy security in
times of crisis with global goals of decarbonisation and sustainable economic development.
The implementation of effective hydrogen diplomacy and partnerships within the H2-diplo
initiative will consolidate the geopolitical and security environment on the way to the EU’s
strategic autonomy. At the same time, it is noted that the EU needs to think deeply about the
potential contribution of the EU to territorial defence and deterrence in the paper and how its
defence instruments can strengthen the Atlantic Alliance’s deterrence and territorial defence
strategy. This refocusing on traditional defence will significantly increase the EU’s added
value. The National Security Strategy, approved by the Biden administration on 12 October
2022, makes this clear, distinguishing between China as a ‘systemic’, ‘global’ challenge and
russia as an ‘immediate’, albeit more local, threat. It has been explaind that as the United States
increases its focus on China and Asia, Europe will have to assume more responsibility for the
security and defence of the continent.
On Process Awareness in Detecting Multi-stage Cyberattacks in Smart Grids
Authors: Sen Ömer , Aust Yanico , Glomb Simon , Ulbig Andreas
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the role of process awareness in enhancing intrusion detection within Smart Grids, considering the increasing fusion of ICT in power systems and the associated emerging threats. The research harnesses a co-simulation environment, encapsulating IT, OT, and ET layers, to model multi-stage cyberattacks and evaluate machine learning-based IDS strategies. The key observation is that process-aware IDS demonstrate superior detection capabilities, especially in scenarios closely tied to operational processes, as opposed to IT-only IDS. This improvement is notable in distinguishing complex cyber threats from regular IT activities. The findings underscore the significance of further developing sophisticated IDS benchmarks and digital twin datasets in Smart Grid environments, paving the way for more resilient cybersecurity infrastructures.
NumGrad-Pull: Numerical Gradient Guided Tri-plane Representation for Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds
Authors: Cui Ruikai , Qiu Shi , Liu Jiawei , Anwar Saeed , Barnes Nick
Published: December 2024

Reconstructing continuous surfaces from unoriented and unordered 3D points is a fundamental challenge in computer vision and graphics. Recent advancements address this problem by training neural signed distance functions to pull 3D location queries to their closest points on a surface, following the predicted signed distances and the analytical gradients computed by the network. In this paper, we introduce NumGrad-Pull, leveraging the representation capability of tri-plane structures to accelerate the learning of signed distance functions and enhance the fidelity of local details in surface reconstruction. To further improve the training stability of grid-based tri-planes, we propose to exploit numerical gradients, replacing conventional analytical computations. Additionally, we present a progressive plane expansion strategy to facilitate faster signed distance function convergence and design a data sampling strategy to mitigate reconstruction artifacts. Our extensive experiments across a variety of benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach. Code is available at https://github.com/CuiRuikai/NumGrad-Pull.
Pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Kalkan Ömer Faruk , Türk Ahmet , Çitil Cihan , Uçkun Miraç , Özkaya Ahmet , Yoloğlu Ertan , Özay Yusuf , Çağri Bülbül Şeyda , Şahin Zafer , Kirbaş Akın
Published: December 2024

Background

Environmental pollution, including exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), poses serious health risks, particularly through oxidative stress, which may lead to neurodegenerative damage. Antioxidants, especially those found in natural products, show potential in mitigating these toxic effects. Pomegranate juice (PJ), rich in bioactive phytochemicals, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PJ on neurotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats, assessing specific markers of oxidative stress, enzymatic activity, and apoptotic cell death.

Material and Methods

Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, CCl4, PJ, and CCl4+PJ.
The CCl4 group received intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (0.2 ml/100 g) twice weekly for six weeks, while the PJ group received PJ orally (4 ml/kg) daily for 30 days. The CCl4+PJ group received both treatments in sequence. Brain tissues were analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and carboxylesterase (CaE) activity. Apoptotic cell death was assessed using TUNEL staining.

Results

CCl4 exposure resulted in a marked increase in MDA levels and AChE activity in brain tissue (p<0.05), alongside a significant decrease in reduced GSH levels and GST activity (p<0.05). Treatment with PJ significantly lowered MDA levels and AChE activity in the CCl4+PJ group compared to the CCl4 group (p<0.05). However, GSH levels and GST activity showed no significant changes in the CCl4+PJ group. TUNEL staining indicated a reduction in apoptotic cells in the CCl4+PJ group versus the CCl4 group, suggesting reduced cellular damage with PJ treatment (p<0.05).

Conclusions

PJ demonstrates neuroprotective potential against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in rats by reducing oxidative markers and apoptosis. These findings suggest that PJ could serve as a natural protective agent against neurodegenerative risks associated with environmental pollutants like CCl4.
A importância das farmácias vivas para a saúde das comunidades interioranas do Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Malosso Milena Gaion , Silva Ana Selma da , Santos Allan Augusto Maciel dos , Rocha Iamilys de Souza Braga , Silva Naiara Souza da , Cunha Thacyara Kaline Costa , Souza Dhionay Marinho de , Santos Ana Paula da Silva Lima dos , Marinho Carla Vanessa Araújo
Published: December 2024

A Amazônia brasileira, com sua vasta extensão e fragmentação geográfica de vegetação densa e subdividida por rios, apresenta desafios únicos para a prestação de serviços de saúde. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a importância da implantação de farmácias vivas nas comunidades interioranas do estado do Amazonas, e como esse conhecimento é utilizado na promoção da saúde nessas comunidades. Para isso, a metodologia utilizada foi realizar atividades como rodas de conversa junto às populações ribeirinhas e indígenas localizadas nas áreas florestais adjacentes ao município de Coari, visando ensinar a identificação, a correta metodologia de preparo do fitomedicamento caseiro, bem como as dosagens e indicações corretas. Estas comunidades foram escolhidas justamente devido ao fator de isolamento geográfico no período das secas, o que os impede de chegar a este município, onde podem ter acesso à hospital, Unidades Básicas de Saúde, Policlínicas e medicamentos e, por isso, o conhecimento tradicional repassado durante a realização deste trabalho pode melhor muito a qualidade de vida destas populações e, até mesmo, tornar-se vital para elas. Durante este trabalho, também foi realizado o plantio de diversas plantas medicinais em uma horta denominada de farmácia viva, da qual toda a população poderia fazer uso gratuito. Como resultado, as farmácias vivas tornaram-se uma solução viável para melhorar a saúde dessas populações. Com isso, pode-se averiguar a importância do conhecimento tradicional sobre plantas medicinais nas comunidades ribeirinhas e indígenas do Amazonas e como a integração desse conhecimento com a prática clínica é fundamental para promover a saúde e o bem-estar das comunidades isoladas.
WHISTLEBLOWERS AS A TOOL TO COMBAT TORTURE IN THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM: ANALYSIS OF LEGAL MECHANISMS AND CHALLENGES
Authors:   Penitentiary Academy of Ukraine,  Chernihiv, Ukraine, Puzyrevskyi M. , Sikun A. ,   Department on Issues of Execution of Criminal Punishments,  Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the legal mechanisms which regulate the possibility of introducing the institution of whistleblowers in the field of combating torture and other ill-treatment into the national penitentiary system. The author’s defines the institution of “whistleblower” as a natural person with legal capacity who, having proper, reliable information, on the basis of confidentiality, has reported the facts of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or other criminal offenses against health, committed by another person, if such information became known to him/her in connection with his/her economic, public, scientific, professional or labor activity in the law enforcement sphere, service or training, or his/her direct participation in the procedures provided for by law that are mandatory for the commencement of such activity, service or training.

The author’s identifies the current challenges that lead to the introduction of the institution of whistleblowers in the penitentiary system in the field of combating torture and other types of ill-treatment, namely Inadequate conditions of detention of prisoners and convicts held in pre-trial detention centers and penitentiary institutions of the State Criminal Executive Service of Ukraine; failure to provide timely and adequate medical care to prisoners and convicts held in pre-trial detention centers and penal institutions of the State Criminal Executive Service of Ukraine; the existence of facts of “mutual responsibility” or silence regarding torture and other types of ill-treatment in the penitentiary system; insufficient effectiveness of the existing system of counteracting torture and other ill-treatment in the penitentiary system; insufficient effectiveness of investigations and mechanisms for documenting the facts of torture and other ill-treatment in the penitentiary system, avoidance of responsibility by officials and obstruction of fair justice; lack of reliable data on the facts of torture and other ill-treatment in the penitentiary system, the latency of this group of criminal offenses, which leads to silence of this problem in society and failure to take measures for its successful prompt resolution; lack of an effective dual (internal and external) system of regular penitentiary inspections and monitoring; lack of real compensation for victims of torture and other ill-treatment in the penitentiary system.

Keywords: whistleblower, counteraction, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, punishment, legislation, Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, convict, prisoner, staff, penitentiary system, penal authority, penal institution, State Criminal Executive Service of Ukraine.
THE NECESSITY OF ALIGNING MEDICAL AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY REGARDING DRUG ADDICTION WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Authors:   Penitentiary Academy of Ukraine,  Chernihiv, Ukraine, Ivashko S. , Voroshylova D. ,   Penitentiary Academy of Ukraine, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The article touches upon the need to move away from outdated terms such as “drug addiction” and “drug addict.” These terms carry a stigmatizing connotation and are linked to the criminalization of individuals struggling with substance use. It highlights the issue of drug addiction as a socio-legal phenomenon, especially in light of current trends and approaches to terminology in legal and medical literature. The article emphasizes the importance of eliminating the terms “drug addiction” and “drug addict,” advocating for their replacement with “substance use disorders” and “person with substance use disorders.” This shift is particularly relevant in the context of Ukraine’s integration into the European Union.

In line with European standards that view drug addiction as a chronic disease, it is essential to adopt a comprehensive approach to treatment and to impose proportionate criminal penalties for offenses committed by individuals struggling with addiction. The author assesses contemporary legal and medical practices, which are crucial for reducing the stigma surrounding substance use disorders and upholding the rights of affected individuals, thereby aligning with European values and human rights principles. Given the significance of aligning Ukrainian legislation and social practices with European standards—especially the decriminalization of addiction—we emphasize the importance of treatment, rehabilitation, and social support for drug users.

This article highlights the advantages and challenges of a compassionate approach towards drug users. While some may resist such initiatives due to concerns about the financial burdens of rehabilitation and social support programs, the long-term benefits are undeniable. Embracing a humane perspective can lead to decreased crime rates, the reintegration of recovering addicts as valuable community members, and an overall enhancement of legal culture and compassion within society. Ultimately, this approach supports the implementation of fair and proportionate criminal sanctions, fostering a more just and empathetic environment for all.Reducing stigma and discrimination against drug addicts is essential for improving their access to medical care and enabling their successful reintegration into society. It’s vital to examine the legal implications of addiction, as it profoundly impacts an individual’s capacity to make informed choices and control their behaviors – often leading to criminal activities.

Keywords: drug addiction, drug addiction, background phenomenon for crime, substance use disorders, stigmatization, European standards, humanity, terminology, criminalization, social integration, legal awareness, legal culture, integration into the European Union, prevention.
ON IMPROVING THE LEGAL REGULATION OF COERCION BY PERSONNEL OF THE STATE CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Institute of Professional Development  Penitentiary Academy of Ukraine,  Chernihiv, Ukraine, Tkachenko О. , Razumeyko N. ,   Penitentiary Academy of Ukraine, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Olefir L. ,   Institute of Professional Development,  Academy of the State Penitentiary Service,  Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The article formulates proposals for improving the legal regulation of coercion in the SCES of Ukraine. The need to amend the provisions of national legislation aimed at regulating “extreme” forms of coercion, such as the use of firearms in the penitentiary system, which will ensure full compliance with international human rights standards in the penitentiary system. In particular, it is necessary to make changes and additions: to Art. 106 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which in order to comply with the provisions of Part 1, Clause 64 of the European Penitentiary Rules must be supplemented with provisions on the use of coercion only as a “extreme measure”, to item 7 h. 2 Art. 18 of the Law of Ukraine “On the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine”, which should be supplemented by similar provisions; to the Law of Ukraine “On the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine”, which should be supplemented by a separate section designed to clearly regulate the grounds and procedure for the application of coercion to convicts and detainees, etc. The article also substantiates the need to improve the legal regulation of combating the circulation of prohibited items (things) in pre-trial detention centers and penitentiary institutions, made a proposal to amend the text of Part 2 of Art. 263 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in order to cover the transfer of cold steel to the penitentiary institution and pre-trial detention center, namely to supplement its text with the term “transfer” and to state it in the wording: “2. Carrying, handing over, making, repairing or selling daggers, ending with knives, brass knuckles or other cold steel weapons without a legal permit.” It is concluded that as a result of amendments to the legislation, one can expect not only an improvement in human rights in the national penitentiary system, but also a stabilization of the operational situation in penitentiary institutions and pre-trial detention centers, increasing the overall effectiveness of combating and preventing prison offenses.

Key words: сoercion, legal regulation of coercion, national penitentiary system, the rights of convicted and detained persons, circulation of prohibited items, criminal liability for the transfer of prohibited items, SCES.
Predicting Minimal Usage of Plastic Bags Behaviour among Malaysian Adults
Authors: Stephen Jeffery
Published: December 2024

Plastic bags consist of synthetic organic polymers that are produced for one-time usage to carry things around. They are lightweight, cheap for mass production and often distributed at no cost in places such as supermarket and shopping malls. There might be numerous factors that affect this increasing usage of plastic bags among the public. The overall objective of this study was to identify factors that influence plastic bag consumption among Malaysians using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Data were collected by distributing an online questionnaire to the local community. Non-probability purposive sampling method was adopted to select the three states in Malaysia. The path analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between predictor factors (i.e., attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intention) and minimal plastic bag usage. A total of 386 people from different ages and backgrounds in Malaysia participated in the research. The findings showed that an individual’s attitude (β = 0.331) and perceived behaviour (β = 0.414) significantly influenced the intention to use plastic bags. The perceived behavioural control (β = 0.329) and intention (β = 0.486) have also significantly influenced the behaviour to minimise plastic bag usage. However, subjective norms did not significantly influence the intention (β = 0.060). This study showed that perceived behavioural control and intention are important predictors towards minimal usage of plastic bags. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance education and awareness programmes among the public in order to change the attitude, perceived behavioural control and intention towards minimal usage of plastic bags. High generation and mismanagement of plastic bag waste, which may lead to a negative impact on environmental health, are the main issues that should be addressed properly by the Malaysian population.
Pré-natal em casos de suspeita de sífilis congênita em hospital pediátrico em Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Strapazzon Isabela Flebbe , Carvalho Emanuela Rocha
Published: December 2024

A sífilis congênita é uma infecção de transmissão vertical prevenível. Este estudo objetiva descrever o acompanhamento pré-natal de gestantes com casos suspeitos de sífilis congênita. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, epidemiológico e retrospectivo, realizado por meio da descrição de dados de prontuários e aprovado por comitê de ética institucional. A amostra compreendeu casos suspeitos de sífilis congênita atendidos em ambulatório de infectologia pediátrica de um hospital público em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre 2021 e 2022. Dos 142 casos identificados, 122 (85,92%) tiveram acompanhamento pré-natal. Em 102 casos (71,83%) foi iniciado tratamento da sífilis gestacional; entretanto, em 70 casos (42,25%) o tratamento foi iniciado com menos de 30 dias antes do parto. Entre os 85 casos confirmados de sífilis congênita, 22 (26,51%) alcançaram o número mínimo de consultas de pré-natal, 20 mães (24,10%) foram diagnosticadas apenas no terceiro trimestre, e 17 (20,48%) não foram diagnosticadas durante o pré-natal. Observou-se, nos casos de infecção, falhas no tratamento e menor número de consultas de pré-natal, reforçando a importância de uma adequada atenção à gestante como medida de prevenção da sífilis congênita.
Цифрові технології професійної підготовки майбутніх кваліфікованих робітників у воєнний та повоєнний час
Authors: Пригодій Микола
Published: December 2024

У навчально-методичному посібнику актуалізовано питання застосування цифрових
технологій у професійній підготовці майбутніх кваліфікованих робітників, визначена специфіка
використання цифрових технологій для професійної підготовки майбутніх кваліфікованих
робітників у віртуальному середовищі закладу освіти, створення електронних навчальних
посібників, проведення відеоконференцій навчального призначення, створення та використання
відеоконтенту, розроблення інфографіки навчального призначення, розкриті прикладні аспекти
створення інтерактивних аркушів, тестових завдань та електронних додатків навчальних
досягнень здобувачів освіти.
Для педагогічних працівників та здобувачів закладів професійної (професійно-технічної)
освіти, працівників науково-методичних центрів (кабінетів) професійно-технічної освіти МОН
України, науковців, викладачів і студентів закладів вищої освіти, аспірантів і докторантів,
роботодавців та всіх, хто цікавиться проблемами застосування цифрових технологій в освіті й на
виробництві.
The Negative Impact of Parking Lots on Walkability
Authors: Leadbetter Isla , Hernandez Cruz Angel Emmanuel , Ravensbergen Léa , Soukhov Anastasia
Published: December 2024

Parking lots are surprisingly understudied in walkability research. Using an audit, this article examines how parking lots impact walkability at care destinations in Hamilton, Ontario. Parking lots are found to negatively - and substantially - impact walkability; their objective walkability score is half that of other road segments and 3.5 times lower than pedestrian and bicycle streets. Correlation analysis suggests low scores are related to parking lot’s frequent absence of walkable features, such as pedestrian facilities and traffic control elements. Removing parking lots would increase urban walkability. When this is not feasible, incorporating design elements can improve parking lot walkability.
No princípio era o isolamento voluntário, agora temosque correr para recuperar o tempo perdido
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Todorov João Claudio
Published: December 2024

A Análise do Comportamento nasceu de uma mutação na evolução das teorias em psicologia e tem se desenvolvido em relativo isolamento desde então, seja por desígnio do próprio Skinner, seja pela rejeição sistemática que tem sofrido de parte do establishment acadêmico. Talvez por isso seu desen-volvimento não tem sido homogêneo. Verdadeiras ilhas denominadas “Análise Experimental”, “Aná-lise Comportamental Aplicada”, “Comportamento Verbal” e “Behaviorismo Radical” foram sendo formadas em sucessão, abrigando comunidades verbais distintas. Nos últimos 20 anos tem havido esforço para intercomunicação entre esses grupos, como se percebe nas citações em artigos e livros e na composição dos conselhos editoriais dos periódicos científicos. A ABAI – Association for Beha-vior Analysis International tem exercido papel importante nesse esforço de unificação.
Presentación simultánea vs. sucesiva de los objetos: Efectos en reconocimiento e identificación
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Ibáñez Carlos , Reyes María Amelia ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
Published: December 2024

El propósito de este experimento fue comparar los efectos de un procedimiento asociativo bajo dos condiciones, la exposición sucesiva versus la exposición simultánea de los objetos a diferenciar, so-bre el aprendizaje del reconocimiento y la identificación nominal. Participaron 7 niñas y 7 niños, entre los 7 y 8 años de edad. Los 3 objetos a reconocer e identificar fueron construidos ex profeso y consistieron de figuras geométricas arbitrarias, aunque simétricas, hechas en madera. Se formaron dos grupos equivalentes, G1 para la exposición simultánea y G2 para la exposición sucesiva de los objetos a diferenciar. Ambos grupos fueron sometidos a las mismas Pre y Post-pruebas, tanto de reco-nocimiento como de identificación nominal. El número de apareamientos objeto-nombre para ambos grupos fue de 6 para cada figura, presentados de manera cuasi-aleatoria. Los resultados mostraron que para ambos grupos el porcentaje de aciertos fue siempre ligeramente mayor para el reconocimiento que para la identificación nominal, independientemente de las condiciones de exposición simultánea o sucesiva. También se encontró que la exposición simultánea produjo porcentajes de aciertos supe-riores, tanto en reconocimiento como en identificación, en comparación con el grupo de exposición sucesiva. Los resultados se discuten como producto de un proceso de mediación funcional recíproca.
Aprendizagem de relações nome-textura por meio de dois procedimentos de ensino por exclusão
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Malerbo Alana C. D. Brunini , Schmidt Andréia ,   Universidade de São Paulo
Published: December 2024

Procedimentos de ensino por exclusão têm sido utilizados no ensino de repertórios verbais para dife-rentes populações, mas predominantemente em relações nome/objeto ou figura (substantivos). O ob-jetivo deste estudo foi comparar a aprendizagem de relações nome-textura (adjetivos) em dois proce-dimentos de ensino por exclusão. Participaram 12 indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico (DT) e 12 com deficiência intelectual (DI), todos com desenvolvimento linguístico entre 5 e 6 anos. Os estímu-los empregados foram palavras ditadas (nomes de texturas) e estímulos táteis (objetos confeccionados com texturas correspondentes aos nomes ditados). Os dois procedimentos de ensino eram baseados em tarefas de emparelhamento ao modelo: a) ensino padrão por exclusão (“pegue o objeto rugoso”); e b) ensino por exclusão com dica contextual adicional (“pegue o objeto rugoso, não o liso”). Todos os participantes eram expostos às duas condições e aprendiam duas relações nome-textura em cada uma.Sondas de aprendizagem e nomeação foram aplicadas em diferentes momentos. Ambos os grupos aprenderam as duas relações nas duas condições, mas os participantes DI precisaram de um número menor de blocos de ensino no procedimento com dica contextual. Não houve diferença entre grupos e condições na manutenção da aprendizagem. Discute-se o eventual papel facilitador dica adicional em procedimentos de ensino por exclusão.
O teste ABLA e suas implicações para o ensino de pessoas com autismo e distúrbios do desenvolvimento
Authors:   Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Varella André Augusto Borges , de Souza Deisy das Graças ,   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Williams W. Larry ,   Universidade de Nevada
Published: December 2024

Avaliar repertórios é uma etapa importante no planejamento de intervenções analítico-comportamen-tais para indivíduos com autismo e distúrbios do desenvolvimento. Medidas comportamentais predi-tivas da probabilidade em aprender determinados repertórios (com maior facilidade ou dificuldade) podem ser úteis na definição de objetivos e procedimentos de ensino para estas populações. O teste ABLA-R (Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities - Revised) avalia a aprendizagem de seis tarefas, denominadas níveis, que requerem aprendizagem de uma resposta motora (Nível 1), discriminação de posição (Nível 2), discriminação visual simples (Nível 3), discriminação condicional visual-visual (Nível 4), discriminação visual-visual arbitrária (Nível 5) e discriminação condicional auditivo-visual (Nível 6). Este artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar o teste ABLA-R, revisar os estudos sobre seu potencial preditivo e discutir suas implicações práticas. Os estudos revisados sugerem que o teste apresenta bom potencial preditivo de aprendizagem de tarefas que envolvem os mesmos tipos de dis-criminações por ele avaliados. Os resultados do ABLA-R podem ser úteis em contextos de aplicação quando profissionais ou pesquisadores necessitam selecionar comportamentos-alvo e/ou procedimen-tos de ensino. Entretanto, enquanto avaliação de repertórios básicos de aprendizagem, o ABLA-R apresenta importantes limitações, caracterizando-se como uma avaliação (de repertórios discrimina-tivos) mais apropriada para indivíduos de baixo funcionamento e com repertórios verbais incipientes.
Avaliação de uma intervenção para redução de comportamentos antissociais e aumento da escolarizaçãoem adolescentes de uma instituição de acolhimento
Authors:   Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Gomide Paula Inez Cunha , Mascarenhas Amália Beatriz Dias ,   Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Rocha Giovana Veloso Munhoz da ,   Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná
Published: December 2024

Jovens são encaminhados para instituições de acolhimento por maus-tratos e abandono familiar e apresentam um conjunto de comportamentos de risco, que variam de baixo rendimento escolar a déficits em comportamento moral e até comportamentos antissociais de larga escala. As suas per-manências prolongadas em abrigos, sem intervenção especializada, agravam os comportamentos de risco determinantes da institucionalização. Esta pesquisa avaliou uma intervenção, com oito jovens acolhidos, com duração de 10 meses, por meio de pré e pós-teste utilizando o TDE (Stein, 2011), o IEP (Gomide, 2006) e o YSR (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). A intervenção compreendeu quatro atividades: programa de comportamento moral; reforço escolar; psicoterapia analítico-comportamen-tal; e práticas educativas para cuidadores. Os resultados mostraram que houve diminuição do déficit escolar em todos os participantes (Z= - 2,414; p = 0,016), melhoria na competência total e redução de comportamentos internalizadores, externalizadores, indicativos de TEPT, TOC, TC, entre outros, todos significativos em nível de 0,05. Os cuidadores, que anteriormente à intervenção não visitavam os adolescentes, passaram a fazê-lo com regularidade. Os resultados apontaram para a eficácia da intervenção em produzir redução de comportamentos antissociais e aumento da escolarização.
Exploring the Genetic Underpinnings of Bullying: A Contemporary Analysis of Scholarly Investigations
Authors: Ali Shahzad , Hartini Nurul , Yoenanto Nono Hery , Paramita Pramesti Pradna
Published: December 2024

Since the early 21st century, bullying has been a central focus for scholars, with various forms, such as relational, physical, cyber, and social bullying, receiving extensive attention. However, the role of genetic and hereditary factors in bullying remains underexplored. This study systematically reviews 31 scholarly articles published between January 2000 and December 2021. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, including methodological rigor, relevance to genetic influences on bullying, and clear population samples. Data sources included Google Scholar, ResearchGate, SAGE Journals, and ERIC, with keywords such as “bullying and genetics,” “bullying and hereditary,” and “family genetics involvement.” The findings reveal significant associations between genetic predispositions and bullying behaviors. For example, genetic factors were found to account for approximately 70–77% of bullying perpetration and victimization in multiple studies, highlighting a strong hereditary influence. Traits such as impulsivity and aggression, often linked to genetic predispositions, were also shown to interact with environmental factors such as family dynamics and peer relationships, amplifying bullying tendencies. These results underscore the critical role of genetic and hereditary transmission in shaping bullying behaviors across generations. The study emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates genetic research with environmental interventions to address bullying effectively. Practical implications include the development of targeted anti-bullying programs that consider individual genetic susceptibility alongside fostering supportive family and school environments to reduce the intergenerational transmission of bullying behaviors.
TRANSMISSION OF ANCIENT GREEK TECHNIQUES OF BUILDING ORDERS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF KHARKIV IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD
Authors: Kreizer I.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a study on the architecture of the interwar period in Kharkiv. The analysis focused on buildings of local historical significance, particularly those with facades based on the architectural order system. The selected objects included a residential complex with a store designed by architect O. Beketov and constructed between 1925 and 1936; the Metalist Stadium, designed in 1925 by architect Z. Permilovsky; the State Insurance Building, designed in 1927 by architects O. Molokin, H. Ikonnikov, and E. Lymar; and the ticket pavof the Metalist Stadium, designed in 1926 by Z. Permilovsky.
The authors of the article analyzed the structure and proportions of the architectural orders used in these buildings, conducting a comparative analysis with ancient Greek architectural analogues to identify common features in the structure of the orders. As analogues, structures with similar proportions and architectural order systems were selected, including the Temple of Concordia in Agrigento (440 BCE), the Temple of Zeus at Olympia (5th century BCE), Temple F at Selinunte (circa 5th century BCE), and the Temple of Apollo at Delphi (circa 6th century BCE).
The study employed comparative, structural, and compositional-proportional methods to analyze both the orders themselves and the elements of the selected buildings. Based on the analysis of the architectural orders of Kharkiv's buildings and the comparison with ancient Greek examples, it was established that during the interwar period, Kharkiv architects employed orders with proportions similar to those of ancient Greek temples from the Archaic period. Similarities were observed in the height of the orders, the columns, the ratios of the lower diameters of the columns, the heights of the entablatures, and the ratios of column height to entablature height. The analysis demonstrated a connection and transmission of techniques from ancient Greek craftsmen to the work of Kharkiv architects of the period.
This area of research may be further explored, as the use of the order by Kharkiv architects in subsequent periods, such as after World War II, took on a different character and proportional relationships due to the different architectural challenges of that time.
Keywords: order, column, entablature, entasis, module, proportions, colonnade.
THE EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES BASED ON INTERNATIONAL DOCTRINAL DOCUMENTS
Authors: Chagovets O.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the evolution of approaches to architectural heritage conservation through a detailed analysis of the principles and methods outlined in key international doctrinal documents, including the Athens Charter, the Venice Charter, UNESCO Conventions, and others. Over time, these doctrines have progressed from a focus on preserving individual monuments to addressing broader cultural landscapes, offering responses to critical contemporary issues like urbanisation, climate change, and armed conflicts that impact heritage conservation efforts. The article highlights the increasing complexity of managing heritage sites, which requires a comprehensive approach that respects their embedded social, ecological, and cultural networks. By tracing the adaptation of international heritage conservation standards, the study sheds light on evolving perceptions of both material and intangible heritage values, community roles, and the importance of protecting cultural diversity within a framework of sustainable development. This shift emphasises the need for an integrated, holistic approach to conservation, one that values both global and local heritage significance while ensuring that conservation practices align with the needs and identities of local communities. The study demonstrates how current international doctrines strive to accommodate a diverse range of values—ranging from tangible, historical assets to intangible cultural significance, from universal heritage principles to regional distinctions. This expanded approach not only preserves the historical and aesthetic dimensions of heritage but also fosters social cohesion, resilience, and cultural identity. Ultimately, the article argues for a dynamic and flexible field of heritage conservation, responsive to social and environmental changes while balancing global standards with local priorities. By embracing heritage as a living, adaptable component of society, conservation efforts can bridge the past and the future, ensuring the cultural continuity, identity, and well-being of communities in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: architectural heritage, cultural landscape, sustainable development, heritage sites, cultural identity.
Presentation of solutions of three-dimensional dynamic problems of the theory of elasticity in a curvilinear orthogonal coordinate system
Authors: Revenko Victor
Published: December 2024

To describe the processes of distribution of elastic waves, a model of a three -dimensional isotropic body is used under the action of dynamic loads. A well known presentation of the general solution of equations had been considered in a vector form, which contains four functions. It is established that the function that describes the expansion waves is uniquely determined by the volume deformation. It is shown that the dynamic tense-deformed state of the body with zero volumetric extension can be expressed through two independent functions that satisfy the equation that describes the waves of shift. It is proved that the overall solution of equations can be expressed through three four dimensional displacement functions, which are defined as the solutions of wave equations of the second order. This solution was used and an analytical expression of the general solution of the equations of dynamic theory of elasticity in the curvilinear orthogonal coordinate system was found. This submission has been used and a clear expression of elastic displacements in the cylindrical coordinate system was recorded. However, there are multipliers near one displacement function, which depend on the angular variable, which complicates its practical use. The general solution is regulated in the cylindrical coordinate system in such a way that the coefficients of the expansion in the Fourier rows do not depend on the angle. This made it possible to significantly simplify the expression of solution. The components of a stress-deformed state in the cylindrical coordinate system are recorded.