bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fall of Mediterranean Rome inTitus Andronicus
Authors: Harries Brian J.
Published: November 2018

Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus presents a vision of Rome in the final years of its power. The fictional central figures seem unable to agree on a stable idea of Rome's identity with the presence of the Goths always in the background. Titus and members of his family turn to classical, primarily Augustan, authors to make sense of their present moment, but in doing so they highlight the end of Rome as a political and military superpower in the Mediterranean.
Place in Shakespeare's Coriolanus: The Intersection of Geography, Culture, and Identity
Authors: Raspa Richard
Published: November 2018

Coriolanus, the last of Shakespeare's Roman tragedies (1608), continues to draw on the poet's fascination with Rome and the Mediterranean as places. In this article, I explore the impact of Rome on the characters of Coriolanus from three perspectives: place as an incarnation of values, as an internal cognitive and emotional map, and as a nest of belonging.
A child’s perspective of bidirectional impacts of mental illness in families: “It’s like a cold it goes from one of us to the next”
Authors: Naughton Michael Frederick
Published: November 2018

Objective: Investigations into the influence of mental illness in families concentrates on how a parent’s mental illness has an effect on their child, but we now know over two thirds of children with a mental health issue also have a parent with a mental illness. This study examines experiences of these children.Methods: Thirty-eight children were interviewed, including two sibling groups. Interview transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis with a number of themes identified.Results: It was clear from children’s accounts that family life presents some unique challenges because of co-existing mental illness. These included social challenges; school issues; and family interactions. Children also postulated ideas on the support that they considered helpful for comparable children and families. The latter included coping strategies, experiences of professionals and support that they would have liked.Conclusions: The voices of these children indicate that interventions should not be considered in isolation and that it is important to focus on bidirectional influences of mental illness. Understanding the perceptions and interpreted realities of children in these families will facilitate more successful outcomes for the whole family. Providing a family-focused, bidirectional approach, is an important initial phase in helping children manage where mental illness is a ubiquitous feature for multiple family members.
Evaluation and Improvement of Water Supply Capacity in the Region
Authors: Qin Qiao-Xu , Zhang Yuan-Biao
Published: November 2018

Aiming at the problem of water shortage in the world, we set up an index to measure the supply capacity of regional water resources, and chose six regions to verify the accuracy of the index. Then we chose the Beijing area to analyze the causes of water shortage combined with the actual situation. After that, we predicted the water supply situation in Beijing area in the next 15 years and explained the impact of future water resources on the residents’ life by using the grey prediction method. Then the intervention plan is put forward, and the influence of the intervention plan is added to the evaluation model, and then the water supply capacity of the prognosis is predicted again. The quality of the intervention plan is evaluated, and suggestions for future water resources supply are put forward.
Literature Review of Management System Frameworks for CSR and Other Sustainability Concepts
Authors: Liew Pek Yew , Luetge Christoph
Published: November 2018

This paper presents an overview and analysis of plan-do-check-act (PDCA) based management system frameworks and other similar structured frameworks that were developed for the systematic implementation and management of corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate sustainability (CS) and sustainable development (SD). With the aim of providing a comprehensive insight to support future research on this topic, this paper focuses on uncovering the different systematic approaches that can be adopted for the implementation and management of these stakeholder concepts at the organizational level. Our extensive literature search for articles that were published between 2000 to 2017 was able to identify only nineteen relevant articles, which indicates that there is very limited research in this field of work. Our analysis of the frameworks revealed that diverse approaches were developed for CSR. Apart from the traditional management system approach that are based on ISO 9001 (quality management standard) or ISO 14001 (environmental management standard), a variety of other approaches such as frameworks that are built on ISO 26000 (social responsibility guidance standard), organizational change management theories as well as other concepts that are similar to the PDCA cycle were developed for CSR. In contrast to the approaches for CSR, the frameworks that were developed for the implementation and management of CS or SD are mainly based on ISO 14001.
Sustainable Leisure Landscapes in Icelandic Rural Communities: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Rannveig , Sæþórsdóttir Anna Dóra , Noordhuizen Jorrit , Nijkrake Wieteke
Published: November 2018

The rapid increase of tourism in the Arctic highlights the critical importance of holistic planning of land use for tourism to ensure that recreational activities are only developed where natural and cultural environment is able to sustain their impact. This paper aims to devise a holistic plan for use of land for Icelandic tourism based on landscape analysis and stakeholders’ perceptions, and to critically discuss the role of holistic approaches and zoning principles in such planning with regard to different market groups of visitors. A case study was conducted in Skaftárhreppur municipality in southern Iceland. Geographical information systems (GIS) were used to analyse its suitability for the various forms of recreational activity based on stakeholders’ perceptions, landscape sensitivity, the area’s recreational opportunity spectrum (ROS), and visitor type according to the purism scale model. The results reveal a lack of balance between the area’s current recreational use and its landscape sensitivity, something which reflects many of the negative aspects of the exponential growth within Icelandic tourism which has taken place over the past decade. The results further stress the importance of appropriate infrastructure to channel the increasing flow of mass tourism and to direct this flow to carefully chosen focal points. In seeking to develop site-specific zoning for the different market groups, focal points have proven to be a critical management tool. By controlling the number, type and location of visitors, their flow is regulated, and thereby the impact of tourism is managed. The use of well-defined focal points in the zoning procedures will reduce the environmental and social pressure from tourism, reduce the cost of maintaining infrastructure incurred by communities, ensure visitor satisfaction, and protect the most sensitive areas from overexploitation by tourism.
Behavioral Effects of Mortality Salience: An Experimental Study
Authors: Zein Leila E. , Akil Hussein , Hussein Said
Published: November 2018

The study is intended to explain the effect of Mortality Salience (MS) on consumer behaviors. In a first part, we present a state of the art of Terror Management Theory (TMT) and its contributions in management sciences by focusing on the impact of MS on consumption. In a second part, we illustrate the results of an experiment testing the effect of death reminders on consumption choices. The results of the experiment show that the reminders of death generate, for the most part of participants, pro-materialistic consumption choices. Based on these results, we highlight the effect the death reminders can generate on Lebanese consumers.
Research on “First-Class” Financial Management of Power Grid Enterprises Based on IPA: Taking XX Power Supply Bureau as an Example
Authors: Yang Junda , Xia Yun , Yang Liu , Zhang Zhongtao
Published: November 2018

Using the data collected by the questionnaire survey, this paper uses IPA (importance performance analysis) to analyze the financial performance and operation status of some financial data of the XX power supply bureau, and finds the indicators that need to maintain the advantages and the indicators that need to be improved. It can provide reference for the construction of power supply bureaus and power companies to create first-class indicators.
Comprehensive Overview of Security and Privacy of Data Transfer in Wireless ad Hock Network
Authors: Hamad Faten , Fakhouri Hussam N. , Rababah Osama
Published: November 2018

Wireless ad-hoc network is a decentralized wireless network that does not have a permanent structure. Client devices are connected to form wireless network. Each node in the network to forward data from one node to another. Based on the connectivity of the network, the node dynamically determinewhich node to forward the data main threats for a secure information exchange in ad hoc networks are the unauthorized access to private data and interference in the operation of equipment and devices in order to disrupt their activity and even disable them.A possible response to these threats is the spread of independent and decentralized networks where each device is a full participant and all share responsibility for safety and security of the network. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of possible attacks. It first explores the reason and security issues in wireless ad hoc network mainly MANET and FANET, then it analyzes various types of most common threats, attacks and unresolved problems that face these types of network. After that it presents the popular security protocols to solve attack problem.
The Health Sector in Jordan: Effectiveness and Efficiency
Authors: Madaeen Saba , Adeinat Mohammad
Published: November 2018

This paper compares a homogeneous group of countries in terms of capacity and technology, where we picked income as indicator for capacity and technology. We study the case of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. We apply radical data envelopment analysis to 36 middle income countries where we calculate constant returns to scale technical efficiency and variable returns to scale technical efficiency to show the health care sector efficiency in Jordan. Using different factors for input first we studied healthcare expenditure per capita then as percent of GDP and public expenditure as percent of GDP and private as percent of GDP, and last was the number of beds per 1000 population and physicians per 1000 population all to the same output life expectancy. The results show that there is inefficiency in health care expenditure. The inefficiency mainly is shown by two major findings, first the lack of utilization of resources. Secondly, the public-sector inefficiency. The output is justifiable for many challenges faced the health sector in the year of the study one of which is the Syrian refuges crisis. We shed light on factors causing the inefficiency where modifications could yield substantial efficiency gains. As for the mix between public and private sectors and the quality and utilization and distribution of the real resources, nevertheless adding health economists to the management staff for there is a managerial inefficiency.
Security versus Threat – Interrelations
Authors: Koper-Staszowska Wioletta
Published: November 2018

The issue of interrelations between security and threat has a history as long as the history of mankind. Human beings since the beginning of times have always had needs of higher and lower importance, these needs sometimes collide with the needs and interests of others, thus creating a threat. Originally, the meaning of the term ‘security’ was limited only to the armed protection of territories against the enemies from neighboring countries. With time other layers of threat were recognized and determined. Nowadays, protection against external aggression is just one of many threats which must be dealt with to provide security to a state, other threats are related to economic, ecological, social or cultural aspects.
Acesso à assistência ao parto hospitalar de risco habitual: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Amanda Gonçalves da , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Dulfe Paolla Amorim Malheiros , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Barcellos Joyce Gonçalves
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: avaliar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura acerca do acesso aos serviços obstétricos no parturitivo de risco habitual. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura que buscou artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2016. As bases de dados foram Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, além da Biblioteca Virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online, sendo utilizada, nos artigos selecionados, a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: selecionou-se 17 artigos, que apontaram uma assistência obstétrica desarticulada com disparidades no acesso que atingem, principalmente, mulheres jovens, negras, de condição socioeconômica desfavorável e com baixa escolaridade. Conclusão: há necessidade de uma assistência ampliada e em rede minimizar as dificuldades encontradas por gestantes e garantir a completude de seu acesso aos serviços obstétricos de qualidade nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde da mulher.
Mundo da doença mental: percepções e perspectivas no processo saúde-doença
Authors: Ely Gabriela Zenatti , Terra Marlene Gomes , Silva Adão Ademir da , Freitas Fernanda Franceschi de , Thum Cristina , Arboit Éder Luís
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: desvelar a percepção do ser humano na descoberta do mundo da doença mental e as perspectivas no processo saúde-doença. Método: estudo fenomenológico, desenvolvido com 10 adultos em tratamento em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica, no hospital público de um município do sul do Brasil. A produção de dados ocorreu por meio da entrevista fenomenológica, no período de janeiro a março de 2014. Utilizou-se a fenomenologia-hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur e para a compreensão dos discursos, o referencial teórico-filosófico de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Resultados: o diagnóstico da doença mental permeia a vivência pela generalidade e hábito, os quais, expõem os paradigmas. Contudo, quando se mostra como corpo próprio, emerge a singularidade enquanto ser no mundo para as percepções do processo saúde-doença. Conclusão: para tanto, faz-se necessário desvelar as reais necessidades do ser humano, a fim de tecer redes de significações diante do processo saúde-doença e perspectivas terapêutica.
Percepção de graduandos de enfermagem sobre a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas
Authors: Alarcon Miriam Fernanda Sanches , Galdino Maria José Quina , Martins Julia Trevisan , Prezzoto Kelly Holanda , Komatsu Ricardo Shoiti
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: revelar a percepção de graduandos sobre o método de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado com 16 graduandos de enfermagem de uma universidade pública da Região Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas individuais e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: identificaram-se três categorias: despertando, pesquisando e trocando experiência; facilitando o relacionamento interpessoal e relação teoria e prática e falta de tempo para desenvolver o método. Os estudantes revelaram que o método de aprendizagem baseada em problemas é um estímulo positivo, pois facilita a relação profícua entre estudantes e tutores, correlacionando prática e teoria, porém, uma das maiores dificuldades indicada nesse método, é a falta de tempo para desenvolvê-lo. Conclusão: os estudantes perceberam o método como uma estratégia importante e efetiva nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem.
Estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pela equipe de enfermagem no cuidado ao paciente oncológico e família
Authors: Lazzaroto Pamela Karin , Celich Kátia Lilian Sedrez , Souza Silvia Silva de , Léo Marcela Martins Furlan de , Silva Tatiana Gaffuri da , Zenevicz Leoni Terezinha
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento/coping utilizadas pela equipe de enfermagem no cuidado ao paciente oncológico e família, em âmbito hospitalar. Método: estudo exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, baseado no referencial de Lazarus e Folkman sobre coping. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com oito integrantes da equipe de enfermagem de uma unidade oncológica hospitalar no oeste catarinense, que responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada a respeito de seus enfrentamentos/coping no cotidiano de trabalho em oncologia. A análise das informações ocorreu por meio da análise temática. Resultados: apontaram o coping focalizado na emoção: fuga-evitamento e reavaliação positiva e o coping focalizado no problema: resolução planejada, suporte social e autocontrole. Considerações finais: o cotidiano de cuidado em oncologia desperta sofrimento, situação que conduz o desenvolvimento de várias formas de manejo para enfrentar esta realidade e promover adaptação e bem-estar.
Acolhimento: percepção de enfermeiros em uma unidade de urgência e emergência
Authors: Costa Natália Mendes Malta Rodrigues , Lemos Rejane Cussi Assunção , Oliveira Poliana Silva de , Sgotti Gisele Bento
Published: November 2018

Objetivos: identificar a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre o acolhimento e analisar sua articulação com os fundamentos da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH). Método: pesquisa qualitativa, com 14 enfermeiros que atuam no Pronto-Socorro Adulto do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Os dados foram coletados em dezembro de 2015, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados conforme análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram as categorias: o acolhimento como atendimento inicial, em que o acolhimento é descrito como ação na entrada do usuário no serviço; acolhimento com vistas à humanização, demonstrando entendimento e aplicação de acordo com a PNH; dificuldades para desenvolver o acolhimento devido à sobrecarga de trabalho, a falta de fluxo e de infraestrutura. Conclusões: os enfermeiros demonstraram compreender o significado de acolhimento. Porém, existem pontos frágeis na aplicabilidade, merecendo atenção dos gerentes de saúde para efetivar que os princípios da PNH sejam garantidos.
Padrões de competição política nas eleições democráticas para a Presidência da República no Brasil (1945-1960 e 1989-2014): uma descrição histórica.
Authors: Miranda Victor Garcia
Published: November 2018

O presente texto propõe-se a analisar a trajetória histórica de competição e os níveis de competitividade eleitoral nas disputas presidenciais democráticas brasileiras. O objetivo dele é especificamente descrever quantitativamente os jogos políticos-eleitorais nos momentos em que de fato houve competição democrática, nos períodos entre os anos 1945-1960 e 1989-2014, colocando-os em confronto com teorias e explicações históricas relativas aos vários momentos eleitorais do país. Para tanto, busca-se solucionar três questões capazes de lançar luz sobre os padrões de competição existentes: 1) quais as características do quantitativo de competidores? 2) Quais as características de dispersão ou de concentração de votos neles? 3) As posições eleitorais eram sujeitas a grandes alterações de preferências? Por fim, constatar-se-á que são satisfatórios os níveis de competição eleitoral em torno de eleições presidenciais livres no Brasil, indicando que em se tratando estritamente dessa faceta (análise do sistema de disputa político-eleitoral entre os candidatos), há considerável potencialidade para a efetivação e consolidação da democracia no país, apesar da recorrência de eventos de ruptura ao longo da história.
Agências e associações nas redes de agroecologia: práticas e dinâmicas de interação na serra gaúcha e na zona da mata mineira
Authors: Charão-Marques Flávia , Schmitt Claudia Job , Oliveira Daniela
Published: November 2018

O artigo busca explorar, desde uma perspectiva etnográfica, as múltiplas associações que se estabelecem entre práticas, agentes e materialidades na interação com “ideias agroecológicas”, em redes territorialmente referenciadas de promoção da agroecologia, com atuação na Serra Gaúcha e na Zona da Mata Mineira. As “ideias agroecológicas” emergem não como um referencial normativo dotado de coesão, mas como um catalisador de uma multiplicidade de agenciamentos e dinâmicas de interação, aumentando a densidade das redes e gerando efeitos de escala. As reflexões aqui apresentadas são resultado de um esforço relativamente longo e intenso de investigação, em que foram utilizadas diferentes estratégias de pesquisa incluindo observação participante, pesquisa documental e geração de dados relacionais. Observa-se que passadas mais de duas décadas desde a estruturação das primeiras iniciativas locais nos contextos territoriais estudados, é possível identificar importantes mudanças nas redes de associações estabelecidas na Serra Gaúcha e na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, com o engajamento de novos atores e intensificação das conexões estabelecidas entre diferentes domínios de rede, emprestando tons diferenciados às interações que se estabelecem no entorno da “agroecologia”.
Uso de recursos comuns no sertão nordestino: a experiência da comunidade Lagoa dos Cavalos (Russas, Ceará, Brasil)
Authors: Alves Maria Odete , Bursztyn Marcel , Chacon Suely Salgueiro
Published: November 2018

Este artigo discute o uso comunal de espaços e recursos numa comunidade rural do município de Russas, sertão do Ceará, Semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro. O objetivo é analisar as estratégias de uso comum adotadas pelos agricultores para a realização de suas atividades produtivas. Adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, combinando o uso de fontes testemunhais, documentais e bibliográ cas. Na de nição dos atores para entrevista utilizou-se a amostragem não probabilística intencional. As conclusões apontam que Lagoa dos Cavalos, constituída de pequenas unidades familiares e cuja maioria originaria de partilha por herança, sofre di culdades em relação à produção, em decorrência da restrição de terras e da de ciência hídrica. O uso comum das terras soltas para o pastoreio dos animais até os anos 1970 avançou, a partir de 1986, para estratégias coletivas que combinam usos comuns e usos privados em terras soltas, terras de herança e parcelas individuais, garantindo a reprodução e a permanência dos agricultores na Comunidade. Isso foi possível em função de características particulares do grupo, que sustentam o processo de organização local desde o início dos anos 1980 e permitiu, inclusive, uma negociação exitosa em relação ao con ito resultante da implantação de um projeto de irrigação.
A sustentabilidade nas políticas públicas de crédito rural e seguro agrícola para a agricultura familiar
Authors: Capellesso Adinor José , Cazella Ademir Antônio , Schmitt Filho Abdon Luiz
Published: November 2018

O objetivo do trabalho foi identi car e compreender as dinâmicas operacionais e a capacidade do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf) e do Seguro da Agricultura Familiar (SEAF) em estimular ou restringir a adoção dos preceitos da sustentabilidade. O referencial teórico dos "Três Is" orientou a análise pelas ideias, interesses e instituições que interferem sobre a racionalidade técnico-produtiva dos agricultores familiares, lhes estimulando e/ou coagindo a adotar técnicas e insumos na direção da maior ou menor sustentabilidade - aqui entendida como um parâmetro gradual, visto que nada é totalmente sustentável. O estudo de caso conduzido em dezenove municípios região Extremo Oeste Catarinense contemplou entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte operadores locais e 37 agricultores familiares, dentre o quais nove são orientados pela agroecologia. A análise de discurso das entrevistas permite concluir que essas políticas públicas oferecem estímulos à adoção de sistemas de produção mais intensivos que desconsideram preceitos da sustentabilidade, além de enfrentarem dificuldades para atender as especi cidades da produção orientada pela agroecologia.
Conflitos e repressão no campo no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1946-1988): articulações ruro-fabris na Baixada Fluminense
Authors: Maia Aline Borghoff
Published: November 2018

O artigo objetiva tecer considerações sobre os conflitos por terra, a repressão e as resistências camponesas na Baixada Fluminense, território de periferia da Região Metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Empiricamente, debruça-se sobre situações conflitivas ocorridas em áreas rurais próximas à Fábrica Nacional de Motores, indústria de base instalada na década de 1940 em Duque de Caxias. Analisa, com base em fontes documentais, entrevistas e bibliogra a especializada, a relação entre o empreendimento fabril e as dinâmicas de ocupação e recon gurações fundiárias das terras a ele circunvizinhas. A partir deste exercício, re ete sobre a contextualidade das ações dos sujeitos envolvidos nos conflitos, entendendo-a como expressão de relações sociais construídas no imbricamento, perceptível no plano das relações produtivas e de sociabilidade, entre os universos operário e camponês. O estudo é resultado do projeto de pesquisa “Conflitos e repressão no campo no estado do Rio de Janeiro (1946-1988)”, financiado pela Faperj para subsidiar a Comissão Estadual da Verdade.
Cultura e pobreza a partir de Oscar Lewis: notas para uma antropologia urbana dos pobres no Brasil
Authors: Castilho Sérgio Ricardo Rodrigues
Published: November 2018

O artigo argumenta que uma apropriação crítica da obra de Oscar Lewis e suas sugestões de estudar a pobreza desde uma perspectiva cultural pode ser útil para uma antropologia urbana preocupada com a pobreza no Brasil atual. Apresenta as perspec- tivas éticas, políticas e metodológicas mais gerais desse autor para em seguida analisar o conceito de “cultura da pobreza”, suas inconsistências, apropriações e possibilidades. Numa sociedade marcada pela desigualdade social e pela pobreza, as investigações acerca das práticas e valores que perpetuam tal situação deve, necessariamente, colocar num plano importante as culturas que atuam na direção da naturalização de tal situação. Tal perspectiva precisa ser relacional e analisar a pobreza como construção social e não apenas econômica.
Sobre a lógica do voto evangélico no Brasil: filiação religiosa e seu impacto na política brasileira
Authors: Carreiro Gamaliel Da Silva
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo se debruça sobre o universo dos evangélicos urbanos do Distrito Federal e de São Luís, e concentra-se em dois temas importantes, a saber: o impacto das organizações religiosas sobre o voto dos éis. Discute-se os fortes laços construídos entre igrejas e éis e seu impacto na política eleitoral. Discute-se ainda o papel cada vez mais proativo das organizações religiosas (igrejas) agindo semelhantemente a partidos políticos, lançando candidatos próprios e in uenciando eleições. Percebe-se continuidades em termos de comportamento político eleitoral entre os evangélicos e o restante da sociedade, sobretudo no que tange a aversão a partidos e ideologias político-partidárias. É um fato sociologicamente relevante, as in uências das organizações religiosas sobre os éis no que tange a orientação do voto, mas tal in uência encontra limites, sobretudo em eleições majoritárias.
Migrantes e famílias transnacionais na América do Sul: tendências contemporâneas.
Authors: Uebel Roberto Rodolfo Georg , Abaide Jalusa Prestes
Published: November 2018

A partir das crises econômicas de 2008 e 2012, a América do Sul tem se colocado no centro de dois boomsimigratórios de diferentes origens: os Estados Unidos, Europa Ocidental, África Ocidental, Sudeste Asiático e Oriente Médio. Famílias de refugiados, migrantes econômicos e ambientais e solicitantes de asilo chegaram aos territórios dos doze países do continente e ressignificaram o papel das fronteiras terrestres da Amazônia, do Pampa e dos Andes, antes, rotas de migração interna inexpressiva, hoje, inseridas nas rotas migratórias internacionais e transnacionais. Recebendo cerca de um milhão de famílias de migrantes, a América do Sul e seus policy makersestatais observaram novos grupos de imigrantes - no sentido de nacionalidade, etnia e religião - contrastando com suas populações locais. Apesar disso, as práticas estatais permaneceram as mesmas em relação à recepção e inserção dessas famílias migratórias transnacionais na sociedade, no mercado de trabalho e na integração coletiva. Desta forma, esse artigo analisará os padrões e tendências das “novas” famílias globais que chegam na América do Sul, a partir dos seguintes casos principais que orientam esses padrões de migração familiar: cubanos, haitianos, senegaleses, sírios e migrantes do sudeste asiático, que estão no topo do ranking dos boomsde imigração acima mencionados. Além disso, outros grupos migratórios internos relevantes, como bolivianos e venezuelanos, também serão considerados.
Elegibilidade das solicitações de refúgio por motivos de orientação sexual no Brasil.
Authors: Andrade Vítor Lopes
Published: November 2018

Desde a década de 1980 alguns países começaram a conceder refúgio a solicitantes que tinham o fundado temor de sofrer perseguição em seus países de origem devido às suas sexualidades não-heterossexuais. No Brasil, isso tem acontecido desde 2002. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a elegibilidade das solicitações de refúgio por motivos de orientação sexual no Brasil, isto é, tentar compreender quais questões são levadas em consideração durante o processo que culmina com o (in)deferimento dessas solicitações. Além de ser utilizada bibliografia específica sobre o tema, foram realizadas entrevistas com advogadas especialistas neste assunto e com funcionários do ACNUR e do CONARE. O governo brasileiro não exige que o país de origem criminalize a homossexualidade a fim de conceder refúgio a solicitantes não-heterossexuais. A perseguição pode ter sido perpetrada – ou o seu temor ser fundamentado – por agente não-estatal; entretanto, parece não haver um posicionamento claro acerca de como se verifica o fundado temor de perseguição no país de origem. No que tange à análise de credibilidade da narrativa, o Brasil apresenta um posicionamento bastante interessante ao fazer uso do critério auto declaratório em relação à orientação sexual; ao mesmo tempo, concepções estereotipadas e ocidentalizadas podem influenciar negativamente a análise.
APPLICATION OF MECHANOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF GRAPHITE IN PLANETARY BALL MILLS FOR OBTAINING CARBON COMPOSITE PELLETS DOPED WITH SILICON
Authors: Chaika Viktoriia A. , Savin Valeriy V. , Savina Liudmila A. , Osadchy Alexander V. , Zherebtsov Ivan S. , Medvedskaya Polina N.
Published: November 2018

The paper considers the issue of obtaining silicon-doped carbon pellets of the needful porosity, density and hardness by the method of mechanochemical treatment in a PM100 spherical planetary mill the powder of graphite MPG-7. By their physico-chemical and structural properties, the carbonaceous pellets must satisfy the requirements of their further processing by the gradient pyrolytic densification method in order to obtain products for the diffusing (diffuser) and refractive (lens) x-ray optics. Traditionally, the corresponding products obtained by pressing and annealing the nanomaterial to obtain the product an appropriate shape, density and hardness. We have proposed the technology of mechanochemical synthesis, which allows us to omit the pressing and annealing processes and directly obtain round-shaped preforms called pellets. To achieve this goal, mechanochemical synthesis was carried out for comparison in steel and agate glasses with corresponding balls. Mechanochemical treatment was carried out at different rotational speeds of 300 and 600 rpm. The processing time was 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min. In order to achieve a sufficient hardness of the pellets, the silicon content in the charge was varied from 2 to 50%. The ratio of the mass of the balls to the load mass was 3: 1, 5: 1, 9: 1, and 22: 1. The best results are achieved when using an agate beat set after 45 min of batch treatment with 2% silicon content at a ratio of the mass of balls to the batch weight of 9: 1. Synthesized pellets of average linear size ~10 mm have sufficient technological hardness and strength and contain an increased proportion of open porosity.
STRUCTURE OF FULLERITE IN MECHANOCOMPOSITES OF IRON-FULLERITE
Authors: Larionova Nastasya S. , Nikonova Rosa M. , Ladyanov Vladimir I.
Published: November 2018

Studies of the С60/70 fullerites structure in the composition of iron-based composites are presented. Samples Fe-C60/70 with a carbon content of 25 and 75 at. % were obtained by the mechanochemical synthesis in a planetary ball mill in an inert medium. Comparative studies of the structural-phase composition of mechanocomposites were performed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the structural changes of C60/70 in the conditions of mechanosynthesis of iron-fullerite powders are determined by the duration of grinding and the intensity of the process. At initials milling times, the crystal structure of fullerite C60/70 is disordered. With an increase in the synthesis times, complete destruction of fullerenes takes place, as a result of which an amorphous phase is formed. The deformation stability of fullerenes is analyzed as a function of the mechanical alloying parameters used: the balls to powder weight ratio and the rotational speed of the mill drive. Comparison of the earlier obtained data with those for the initial C60/70 after mechanoactivation made it possible to conclude that the mechanism of C60/70 destruction in the composition of Fe-C60/70 mechanocomposites is deformation-induced, while iron is the catalyst of the process. As a result of the disordering of the crystal structure of fullerite and the destruction of fullerenes, mechanosynthesis of iron-fullerite powders resulted in the formation of carbides. It is established that the phase composition of mechanocomposites is determined by the initial content of fullerite C60/70. With a content of 25 at. % C60/70, the final products of solid-phase reactions are Fe3C and an amorphous phase based on iron. Unbound carbon in the sample is absent. At 75 at. % of C60/70 the composite consists of carbides Fe3C and Fe7C3 and amorphous carbon.
FORMATION OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBON-CARBON MATERIALS IN ISO-STATIC TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING CARBON MATRIX
Authors: Kolesnikov Sergey A. , Maximova Darya S.
Published: November 2018

At certain stages of the "High Pressure-High Temperature" technology of obtaining carbon matrixes, studies were conducted to determine the level of properties of carbon-carbon structural materials during stretching, compression, and bending. The values of the modulus of elasticity were calculated from the deformation curves. The advantages of this technology are shown in the paper: constant porosity preservation in an open form, accessible for the subsequent stage of impregnation of the precursor of the carbon matrix. As a result, technically, the most efficient filling of all levels of the pore structure of carbon fibers and multidimensional structures with sizes ranging from fractions to thousands of microns is achieved. Dependences of the change in physical and mechanical properties on the porosity of the carbon matrix qualitatively changed for the three states of the composite: highly porous (lack of monolithic material); dense material (100% realization of the elastic modulus of the reinforcement); high-density material (~ 100% realization of reinforcement strength). It is shown that the strength of the composite corresponds to the notion of a "bound" and "unbound" fiber bundle according to Weibull. According to these models, the tensile strength of the carbon-carbon composite material was calculated and the results were obtained in good agreement with the experimental ones. It is established that the porosity level of ~ 0.14 and the corresponding density level of ~ 1.8 g / cm3 is the boundary for the formation of carbon-carbon composite materials with this type of carbon matrix, with the qualities of the structural material. With the provision of hydrostatic pressure in the carbonization process, there are no physical reasons for the separation of the technological scheme into "preliminary" and "finish" processes with a different set of equipment.
INFLUENCE OF CONDITIONS OF STRETCHING AND GAS MEDIA UNDER GRAPHITATION ON CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH-MODULUS CARBON FIBERS BASED ON POLYACRYLONITRILE
Authors: Verbets Dmitry B. , Samoylov Vladimir M. , Buchnev Leonid M. , Nakhodnova Anastasiya V. , Bubnenkov Igor A. , Steparyova Nina N.
Published: November 2018

The effect of stretching ratio and the gaseous medium on graphitization on the crystal structure and properties of high-modulus carbon fibers (CFs) based on polyacrylonitrile was studied. It is shown that an increase in the degree of stretching ratio to 8-10.5% of the initial high-strength CFs at a temperature of 3000 °С leads to a decrease in the tensile strength and an increase in the modulus of elasticity CFs. The use of a halogen-hydrocarbons containing medium at a graphitization temperature of 2500 °C did not lead to a decrease in the strength of the obtained CFs, but led to a significant increase in the modulus of elasticity CFs up to 59%. The crystal structure of the obtained CFs was studied by X-ray structural analysis and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that with an increase in stretching ratio up to 8%, a decrease in the interlayer distance d002, an increase in the height Lc, and the diameter of the La crystallites are observed. Raman spectroscopy showed that the ID/IG parameter (the ratio of the integrated intensities of the spectral bands D and G) decreases, which also corresponds to an increase in the degree of perfection of the CFs crystal structure. The diffraction pattern shows the effect of a halogen-hydrocarbons containing medium at a graphitization temperature of 2500 °C on the CFs crystal structure: a decrease in the half-width of the 002 peak is observed, although the interlayer distance does not decrease, and the ratio of the ID/IG spectral intensities is observed on the Raman spectrum, which confirms a higher degree of crystalline structures for CFs that have undergone graphitization in a halogen- hydrocarbons containing medium.
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND CONDUCTIVITY OF HYDROCARBON FILMS OBTAINED IN PLASMA DISCHARGES OF TOKAMAK T-10
Authors: Sokolina Galina A. , Arkhipov Igor I. , Svechnikov Nikolay Yu. , Grashin Sergey A.
Published: November 2018

Amorphous hydrocarbon films on silicon substrates obtained in the chamber of tokamak T-10 with space-bounded deuterium plasma by carbon diaphragms were studied. Using the methods of spectrophotometry, ellipsometry, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy, it was established that the refraction and absorption coefficients of films, as well as the parameters of the electronic structure such as the magnitude of the band gap, the fraction of sp2-hybridized carbon and the chemical composition of impurities depend on the characteristics of the discharge in the tokamak. It is shown that the deposited films refer to high-resistance dielectrics, and they can be classified by optical properties as hard or soft amorphous hydrocarbon films, depending on the type of the plasma discharge (pulse working discharge or long-term low-energy cleaning discharge). Wherein, the conductivity of hard films is less than that of soft films, which corresponds to a smaller fraction of sp2-states of carbon in these films and to a higher value of the band gap. The current-voltage characteristics and the temperature dependence of the direct current conductivity of hard and soft films were measured. It was shown that in the temperature range of 293–550 K, the conductivity is determined by the hopping conductivity mechanism over localized states near the Fermi level and the boundaries of the allowed bands. The hopping conductivity mechanism is also indicated by the power law obtained at room temperature at alternating current with a value of a power exponent close to 0.8. The measurement of the current-voltage characteristics and the temperature dependence of the conductivity of hard and soft films showed a significant difference in the activation energy of conductivity and the conductivity at an elevated temperature. The established dependences of the direct current conductivity and the activation energy value of the films on the discharge parameters can be used as diagnostic benchmarks of different types of plasma discharges in a tokamak. Data on the electrical conductivity of the films are analyzed within the framework of the concept of the electronic structure of amorphous non-crystalline materials.
THERMO-KINETIC STUDIES FOR FORMATION OF CARBON MATRIX - PRECURSOR FOR REACTIVE MELT INFILTRATION
Authors: Khaskov Maxim A. , Shestakov Alexey M. , Sinyakov Stanislav D. , Sorokin Oleg Yu. , Gulyaev Artem I. , Zelenina Irina V.
Published: November 2018

The formation of carbon matrix precursors for reactive melt infiltration was studied by thermal analysis and thermokinetics. It was shown, that pore-forming agent (ethylene glycol) slows down the exothermal reaction of phenol formaldehyde resin curing, while the addition of catalyst (4-toluenesulfonyl chloride) makes it possible to gelate the matrix before low-molecular product evaporation. It was shown, that gelation takes place without sufficient mass loss and results in disappearance of exothermal effect of curing at 50-100 °С. The gelation time of the system, which is equal to 47 min at 60 °С, was chosen as a time necessary for structure formation due to polymerization induced phase separation. Post-curing of thermosetting matrix at 180 °С for 3 h is accompanied with removal of 67 wt.% pore-forming agent and the decreasing of material density by 32 %. The pyrolysis of cured compositions is accompanied with mass loss and chemical shrinkage. The maxima of mass loss rate take place at temperatures, which are 20-40 °C higher, than for the maxima of shrinkage rate. The regularities observed lead to the step changes of density with local increasing due to shrinkage prevailing and local decreasing due to mass loss prevailing. The final density of the pyrolysed material is 2-5 % higher than the density of initial uncured composition. The thermokinetics methods were used to propose time-temperature regime, which minimizes the local decreasing a density due to mass loss and can be used to formation of samples with uniform pore distribution. It was suggested that to obtain the matrix with developed pore structure form of the composition investigated, the reinforcing skeleton, which does not shrink at the temperatures studied, but has sufficient adhesion with pyrolysis products, should be used.
PERSPECTIVE OF USE OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION WASTE - MOLASSES IN TECHNOLOGY OF RUBBER ISOLATION FROM LATEX
Authors: Nikulina Nadezhda S. , Verezhnikov Victor N. , Nikulin Sergey S. , Provotorova Marya A. , Pugacheva Inna N.
Published: November 2018

At present, much attention is paid to improving the production of synthetic rubbers. The introduction of new technologies to increase the productivity of the process, more fully and rationally use valuable hydrocarbon raw materials, reduce environmental pollution and improve the quality of the products is an important and urgent task. Equally important in this case is the selection of new coagulating agents used in the technology of rubber release from latex. The main requirements for coagulating agents used in the technology of rubber release from latex are: availability, low cost, non-toxicity, ease of cleaning of sewage coming to treatment facilities from them. The possibility of application of the beet-sugar production waste - molasses for beet-lean depletion - in the technology of producing butadiene-styrene rubber SKS-30 ARC has been studied. A feature of the behavior of molasses, as a coagulating agent, is shown when isolating rubber from latex. It has been established that the consumption of molasses in the isolation of butadiene-styrene rubber from latex is closely related to the consumption of acidifying agent - sulfuric acid. The higher the molasses input for coagulation, the higher the consumption of sulfuric acid to maintain the pH of the medium at the required level. The temperature of the process did not have a significant effect on the completeness of the release of rubber from latex. The extracted crumb of rubber was separated from the aqueous phase (sulfur), washed with warm softened water and dried. On the basis of the rubber obtained, rubber mixtures were prepared using standard components and vulcanized. Rubbers obtained on the basis of rubber SKS-30 ARC, in their indicators meet the requirements.
RESOURCE STABILITY OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM WOOD IN SUPERCAPACITORS WITH ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE
Authors: Vervikishko Daria E. , Kochanova Svetlana A. , Dolzhenko Alexander V. , Lipatova Irina A. , Shkolnikov Evgeny I.
Published: November 2018

One of advantages of supercapacitors in comparison with batteries is their potentially high resource. Resource stability, as well as a supercapacitor self-discharge, depends on many factors. The most important of them are impurities in electrolyte, carbon materials and functional groups on their surface. Authors have offered perspective carbon material – the activated carbon from wood received by thermochemical synthesis. The electric capacity around 160 F/g is reached in supercapacitors with aprotic organic electrolyte (1M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate). Authors have conducted the research of properties of the developed activated carbons from wood aiming to check resource opportunities supercapacitors with aprotic organic electrolyte. Resource tests lasted more than 6.5 months. Today more than one million cycles of a charge – discharge are reached at charge current of 100 mA/cm2. It is established that functional groups have a great influence on a resource of supercapacitors. To achieve high levels of stability in the resource activation technology developed carbon is provided to minimize the number of functional groups. Heat treatment of carbons after activation in the environment of argon at the increased temperatures was in addition carried out. It is shown that electrochemical characteristics of the supercapacitor throughout resource tests are at the stable level. Thus, there are bases to believe that devices on the basis of this carbon will be able to work continuously during the large period of time that is especially important, for example, for the autonomous systems located in hard-to-reach spots.
Globalisering af offentlig service
Authors: Hohnen Pernille , Hasle Peter
Published: November 2018

Arbejdsmiljø og arbejdsliv i den offentlige sektor er i de senere år analyseret i relation til newpublic management, markedsgørelse og forbrugerorientering, hvilket har givet indblik i konsekvenserneaf nye styrings- og kontrolformer. I denne artikel diskuterer vi disse forandringer somen del af globaliseringsprocessen. Artiklen operationaliserer globalisering af offentlig servicesom restrukturering af værdikæder i form af outsourcing, subcontracting eller intern eksternaliseringaf forskellige dele af almennyttige serviceydelser. Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i enrække empiriske casestudier fra forskellige europæiske lande og identificerer en række fællestrækved restrukturering af offentlig service på tværs af nationalstater i Europa. Analysen viseren række sammenhænge mellem, hvad vi kalder nye globaliserede offentlige virksomheder påden ene side og problematiske konsekvenser for arbejdsforhold og mulighederne for at regulerearbejdsforhold og arbejdsmiljø på den anden.
Ion channels and neuropathic pain
Authors: Klein Madeleine C , Oaklander Anne Louise
Published: November 2018

Pain behaviors in a Fabry mouse model are associated with the accumulation of a fat molecule that disrupts sodium ion channels in small fiber neurons.