bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principais alterações fisiológicas e psicológicas durante o Período Gestacional / Main Physiological and Psychological changes during the management period
Authors: Alves Tuanne Vieira , Bezerra Martha Maria Macedo
Published: February 2020

A gravidez constitui-se um período no qual a vida da mulher irá passar por transformações fisiológicas, físicas e psicológicas.Todas estas mudanças podem ocasionar um desequilíbrio que é ocasionado a partir das modificações fisiológicas e psicológicas que acometem a mulher neste período, logo há mudanças hormonais e físicas que interferem diretamente na auto-estima e libido da mulher. Diversos significados são atribuídos ás manifestações relativas á sexualidade, estes são decorrentes de valores e práticas culturais e evidenciam várias e diferentes socializações que o individuo experimenta em sua vida: família, tipos de escola, acesso aos diversos meios de comunicação, redes de amizade entre outros. Atualmente é possível ver em diversas sociedades, que as informações sobre a sexualidade estão cada vez mais presentes estimulando uma maior participação da mulher no prazer sexual.Por tanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi através de uma revisão de literatura analisar a percepção das gestantes acerca das principais mudanças que ocorrem em seu corpo durante o período gestacional. Para desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi realizada uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, já que materiais atualizados desta temática são escassos no Brasil, posteriormente estes foram estudados, compreendidos e analisados.Os achados deste trabalho permitiu a constatação da falta de literatura adequada e atualizada para o desenvolvimento de trabalhos científicos, não permitindo um maior desenvolvimento científico e social.
Infecção e Recidiva por Mycobacterium tuberculosis em uma família do interior cearense / Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Recurrence in a Family from the Interior of Ceará
Authors: Silva Francisca Moraes da , Araújo Isaac De Sousa , Pinheiro Woneska Rodrigues
Published: February 2020

Através da inserção no cenário de prática da residência em Saúde da Família e comunidade multiprofissional, proporcionada por instituição pública estadual, este trabalho descreve a experiência de acompanhar o caso de uma família do interior cearense composta por oito membros, com idades entre 14 e 63 anos, com história de infecção e recidiva pelo Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. O presente relato trouxe à luz questionamentos acerca das causas da resistência e disseminação desse patógeno, bem como sobre os determinantes sociais em saúde de pacientes com tuberculose. A necessária reflexão e criação de estratégias de combate a essa doença deve partir dos profissionais, gestores e comunidade, no sentido de proporcionar condições para a prevenção, promoção e recuperação de pacientes no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Abrir uma Filial ou Nova Empresa? Um Estudo de Caso em uma Revendedora de Pneus / Open a Branch or a New Company? A case Study at a Tire Dealer
Authors: Souza Nara Azevedo de , Mota Renato Henrique Gurgel , Souza Neto Moisés Ozório de , Soares José Mauro Madeiros Velôso , Lima Rafael Victor Almeida , Pedrosa Camila Karen Alves
Published: February 2020

O objetivo da presente pesquisa consistiu em analisar de que maneira a empresa Beta pode se expandir tornando-se tributariamente menos onerosa, se por meio de abertura de uma nova empresa ou por uma nova filial. Os valores tomados como base são referentes ao ano de 2018 e foram obtidos a partir da análise de documentos da matriz e da filial da empresa Beta. Com base no levantamento apresentado, demonstra-se que a empresa pode não ter tomado decisões totalmente ideais para tomar tributação adequada para expandir seus negócios, sendo demonstrado de forma objetiva que uma nova empresa, ao invés de uma filial, teria sido mais vantajosa. Evidenciou-se através deste estudo de caso que, em virtude da singularidade das empresas e subjetividade do processo de tomada de decisão, que o planejamento tributário se faz necessário e relevante para maior racionalidade das decisões organizacionais.
A Educação no Campo e as Práticas Metodológicas /
Authors: Back Giselle Pupim Jorge , Teixeira Maria Ilmalucia
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo proporciona uma discussão acerca da produção e correção textual em atividades propiciadas por meio do desenvolvimento de um plano de ação aplicado no V Seminário do Campo realizado pelas escolas do campo do polo/sede de Alta Floresta no Estado de Mato Grosso, cujo objetivo foi garantir oportunidades para o diálogo, a troca de experiências e o aprofundamento da teoria, favorecendo a consolidação dos conhecimentos e integração do grupo para professores que atuam no Ensino Fundamental na educação do campo. A pesquisa foi realizada com dezessete professores que atuam nas turmas de primeiro ao nono ano. Como referencial teórico foi utilizado livros, revistas e internet com autores como Bakthin (1997), Geraldi (2004), Jolibert (1994), Machado (2007), Marcuschi (2001), Matencio (2001), Miller (1998), dentre outros. A pesquisa de caráter qualitativo utilizou como coleta de dados  dois questionários respondidos em períodos diferentes com o mesmo público. Através da pesquisa percebeu-se que a formação ofertada apresentou resultado positivo contribuindo significativamente para a prática em sala de aula.
A Importância do Letramento para as Práticas Alfabetizadoras / The Importance of Literacy for the Learning Practices
Authors: Bezerra Francislene Fernandes , Alves Maria da Conceição , Sales Wisla Barbosa da Silva
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo visa explanar acerca da relevância do letramento como uma prática de alfabetizar o aluno. Conceituando o que consiste alfabetização e letramento, contrapondo os seus conceitos diversos, demonstrando a necessidade de implementar o letramento como método de alfabetizar, como um método inovador na forma de educar. Ressaltando ademais que ambos devem ser aplicados em conjunto, uma vez que não pode falar em alfabetizar sem utilizar o letramento como meio para tal fim. São práticas inseparáveis que devem ser aplicadas pelo educador. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho é uma abordagem qualitativa, através de análise de livros, textos, artigos sobre a temática, constituindo uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Diante do estudo em apreço, percebeu-se que o letramento têm sua indispensabilidade verídica na construção da alfabetização do aluno, que o letramento em conjunto com a alfabetização abre caminhos para a formação intelectual do ser humano, ofertando para estes a compreensão do que está adquirindo de conhecimento, sobre o que está lendo e escrevendo. Palavras-chave: Letramento. Alfabetização. Educação.
FATIGUE TEST OF STEEL GIRDER WEB PENETRATION DETAILS WITH A SLIT
Authors: Yoshida Naoto , Sakano Masahiro , Konishi Hideyuki , Fujii Takashi
Published: February 2020

Fatigue cracking in steel girder web penetration details is so dangerous that it can break steel girders. A one-meter-long crack was detected in Yamazoe Bridge in 2006. Since a number of highway bridges with such web penetration details may exist in Japan, it is of urgent importance to understand these fatigue-strength properties. However, few fatigue tests have been reported on steel girder web penetration details. The purpose of this study is to clarify fatigue behavior of steel girder web penetration details with a slit through fatigue tests of specimens with these details. We designed and fabricated girder specimens that have steel girder web penetration details, in which cross-beam bottom flanges are connected to each top or bottom surface of a slit by welding. First, we conducted static loading tests to understand the stress distributions around web penetration details. Second, we conducted fatigue tests to examine fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior and fatigue strength.
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Jayawardena Nishadi , Ramachandra Thanuja , Rotimi James
Published: February 2020

Because of their bespoke nature, construction projects are susceptible to variations irrespective of type, size and complexity. The effects of these variations are significant and may include cost and time overrun, productivity, and waste issues at the minimum. Although variations have been widely researched, investigations into the relationship between the significant causes of variations and their effects have not. This study also considers control measures that could minimize variations in residential building projects, where significant variations are happening in the Sri Lankan construction industry. A questionnaire survey was administered to study participants with the objective of identifying significant causes and effects of variations on residential building projects. The participants were professionals across industry groups such as clients, consultants, and contractors who deal with variations on Sri Lankan construction projects. The study found that change in designs or project scope by owners or design consultants were due to owners’ financial problems, errors and omissions in design, conflicts between contract documents, inadequate working drawing details, lack of coordination by consultants, differing site conditions for contractors, unforeseen problems and weather conditions. Cost and time overruns are subsequent effects of those variations. The study suggests that variations could be minimized by adopting control measures that are appropriate for both the design and construction stage.
LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITIES OF SYSTEM SCAFFOLD STRUCTURES WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRACING
Authors: Pan Chi-Ling , Yu Chih-Peng
Published: February 2020

This research focuses on the loading capacity of scaffolds with different types of bracing. The scaffolds without bracing and with four kinds of bracing were included in the test program. The material test and member test were first conducted in this study to obtain the material properties and the connection parameters for comparison. It was observed that the ultimate tested loads of specimens with bracing are much greater than those of the specimens without. Discussion turned to ultimate load, critical buckling load, and failure mode for all specimens based on the test results. In addition, software SAP2000 was used to predict scaffold strength. It was found that the discrepancy between ultimate strengths for scaffolds with and without bracings is limited because only vertical loads were applied to specimens. The predictions of ultimate strength became different for the scaffolds with and without bracings as long as the notional horizontal forces, which were used to simulate the initial imperfection, were applied on the scaffolds. Despite the expectation that the four bracing types would yield distinguishable results, the SAP2000-computed ultimate strengths for the bracings were quite similar. Therefore, a more realistic model was adopted to investigate the strength by including effects due to both 2nd-order geometric and simple material nonlinearity.
ON EFFICIENCY OF EKF FOR PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF LTI SYSTEM FROM NON-STATIONARY ACCELERATION RESPONSES
Authors: Mahato Swarup , Chakraborty Arunasis
Published: February 2020

Parameters of the linear time invariant (LTI) dynamic system using extended Kalman filter (EKF) are identified in this work. The efficiency of EKF for parameter estimation of LTI system is studied. For this purpose, a three-story steel frame is used in the laboratory, and the recorded ground motion is applied to measure the acceleration response at different floor levels. Using these responses, the EKF-based predictor-corrector algorithm is used to identify the modal parameters. It has been observed that the EKF-based identification scheme can converge to different system matrices (i.e., mass and stiffness) in different experiments for the same structure. However, their eigen values (i.e., natural frequency and mode) remain the same.
A NEW METHOD TO DETERMINE TENSILE-STRAIN SOFTENING CURVE OF QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS
Authors: An Ruimei , Duan Shujin , Guo Quanmin
Published: February 2020

Based on weight integration to obtain a closed solution of cohesive crack problem, a new method is proposed to determine the tensile-strain softening curve (TSC) for quasi-brittle materials. The key technique is to determine the weight function by superposition of the solution with different fictitious crack lengths to satisfy a given crack opening displacement within cohesive crack surfaces. As an example, a central crack problem under uniform tension with given crack opening displacement in the fracture process zone (FPZ) was analyzed, the corresponding TSC was determined, and then the solution for stress and displacement field was obtained.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SEISMIC FITTING FOR WOODEN BUILDINGS
Authors: Miyamoto Mitsuhiro
Published: February 2020

Japanese wooden buildings are vulnerable to large earthquakes, and ensuring their seismic safety is a significant issue. However, many owners of wooden buildings hesitate to install seismic reinforcement because of the long construction period and high expense. There are many sliding doors in wooden buildings, which can be used for efficient seismic reinforcement. The objective of this study is to develop a seismic fitting for Japanese wooden buildings. Full-scale lateral loading tests were conducted for wooden frames that include a seismic fitting. The fittings can be constructed quickly and at a low cost. The parameters of the full-scale lateral loading tests were chosen in order to examine the effect of the fitting and the restriction condition surrounding a fitting on the seismic performance of a wooden frame. The relationships between the lateral load and deformation angle, the collapse mechanism, and the quantitative effect of seismic reinforcement for a wooden frame were clarified. From the results of the full-scale tests, it is found that the lift up of a seismic fitting should be restricted by a hanging wall for the seismic reinforcement of wooden frames.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOPOLYMERS OBTAINED BY ALKALINE ACTIVATION OF METAKAOLIN WITH HIGH IRON CONTENT
Authors: Vassalo Erica A.S. , Gumieri Adriana G. , Aguilar Maria Teresa P.
Published: February 2020

The use of activated alkali aluminosilicate has been shown to be an economically-viable alternative that decreases the environmental impact of building construction material. Geopolymers are a type of activated alkali aluminosilicate that are rich in SiO2 and Al2O3, and harden within alkaline solutions. In this study, geopolymers obtained by alkaline activation of metakaolin with high iron content were characterized. The activation process used sodium hydroxide solutions at molarities of 12, 15, and 18 mol. The geopolymers were oven-dried at 85°C and at room temperature. The results identified the physicochemical and microstructural properties of the geopolymers and elucidated the activation process using the techniques: XRF, XRD, DTA, TG, DTG and DSC analysis. The results of the dynamic recrystallization indicated the presence of quartz, kaolinite, hematite, and muscovite in the samples. The DSC analyses showed an immediate reaction between the precursor material and the activator. The DTA results showed that the reactions began at low temperatures, where the dissolution of Si and Al occurred. The peaks that appear between 45°C and 60°C indicate that polymerization occurred through the condensation of Si and Al.
A MODEL SHAKING TABLE TEST INVESTIGATION ON AN ASSEMBLY FRAME
Authors: Duan Shujin , Wang Zhenlu , Yu Yan , Hua Qian
Published: February 2020

A shaking table test on a two-story aluminum alloy space frame model with mortise and tenon joints were carried out. The natural frequency and the damping ratio of the model in two directions were obtained by vibration frequency sweep. Inputting EL-Centro (N-S) 0.1g, 0.2g and 0.4g seismic motion, the strain, displacement and acceleration response of the model structure were investigated. It shows that the mortise and tenon joint frame has lower natural vibration frequency, higher damping ratio, better ductility, and better seismic performance than the corresponding rigid connecting structure.
UTILIZATION OF ARMA MODELS TO MEASURE DAMAGE POTENTIAL IN SEISMIC RECORDS
Authors: El-Choum M. K.
Published: February 2020

ARMA parameters are developed to assess the damage potential in seismic records. The parameters are chosen to fit acceleration time series of particular earthquake records using the maximum-likelihood method. For each event, a set of random accelerograms is generated and used to establish statistically-valid structural response spectra. Since the number of earthquake accelerograms in any seismic region is limited, non-stationary stochastic models are used to characterize earthquake ground motion. From a sample of earthquakes, the mean and variance of response spectral ordinates are obtained for damage predictors. Structural design spectra for earthquakes are based on smoothed linear response spectra obtained from different events scaled by their peak values. Such an approach does not incorporate other characteristics of the excitation represented by measured data. Samples of acceleration records are generated for each event. In this study, individual records for an earthquake are treated as one realization of an underlying non-stationary process that actually characterizes the earthquake. This research provides a reliable description of the information contained within acceleration records, and can also provide a reasonable estimate of the average nonlinear demand spectra.
PATRICK STEVEDORES’ CLIENT-SIDE PROJECT MANAGEMENT AT PORT BOTANY RAMP D
Authors: Diacos Emmanuel
Published: February 2020

Patrick Stevedores’ Port Botany Container Terminal is located 10km south of the city of Sydney, NSW, Australia. The Terminal is currently undertaking the challenging process of expansion and automation while causing minimal impact to existing operations. This $350 million project includes the automation of the container straddles. As part of the Port Botany Terminal upgrade, a new entrance over the existing rail sidings has been created called Ramp D. Ramp D had to be open to traffic by April 2014 to not delay the commencement of automated straddle operations planned to commence in July 2014. This resulted in a tight construction schedule. With a congested and shared construction site the options for accelerating the programme were limited. As the client’s representative, the role was to facilitate the execution of the project. By careful scheduling, the use of extended working hours to reduce the critical path, and close cooperation by all stakeholders, the target was met.
SCP VS. SOP: MANAGING H&S ON A CONSTRUCTION SITE
Authors: Gottfried Arie , Piantanida Paolo , Devito Antonio C.
Published: February 2020

The main objective of the paper is to suggest proposals likely to facilitate the relationship between the Client and the Contractor/Subcontractors, in order to improve the management of the construction phases with regard to Health & Safety (H&S). It is based on field research in the context of Italian construction. The paper analyzes and compares the content of two documents: The Safety and Coordination Plan (SCP) and the Safety Operational Plan (SOP), with the intent of implementing them in an integrated system managing H&S on construction sites. The comparative analysis recommends several improvements and the optimization of relationships between Client and Contractor, fostering a climate of cooperation and an optimum management of H&S within the construction site.
CLIENT SATISFACTION FROM THE SERVICES OF ARCHITECTS ON BUILDING PROJECTS
Authors: Olusola Ralphael Aluko , Sunday Samuel Omoniyi
Published: February 2020

The concept of satisfaction in the building industry is important, as the industry’s future depends on clients’ satisfaction with their investments. The purpose of this study is to assess the satisfaction levels towards architects who, as the originator of building design, has a lot of responsibility in managing the project to a successful completion. Data are obtained through qualitative and quantitative surveys of a target population of clients and project managers from the clients’ representatives. The variables are ranked with a mean score for both importance and satisfaction feedback regarding architect services. Results indicate higher scores for importance variables. However, many important variables were ranked lower on the satisfaction scale than they were on the importance scale. This research is an ongoing study as part of the authors’ doctoral work. The final outcome is expected to improve the understating of client needs and satisfaction in Nigerian building industry.
O pluralismo metodológico e o desenvolvimento da argumentação científica no ensino de física
Authors: Martins Galvão Idmaura Calderaro , De Castro Monteiro Isabel Cristina , Alvarenga Monteiro Marco Aurélio
Published: February 2020

Investigamos o uso do pluralismo metodológico nas aulas de Física para o aprimoramento da argumentação científica dos alunos, do Ensino Médio em uma escola pública do interior do estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi realizada durante um semestre de trabalho em sala de aula com metodologias de ensino variadas: atividades experimentais e de demonstração, atividades com o uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação e projetos como estratégia de resolução de problema. As argumentações dos alunos foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas em grupos focais e também por meio de apresentações de projetos. A análise das argumentações foi realizada de acordo com os elementos da superestrutura propostos no padrão de Toulmin. A partir da análise dos dados foi possível observar uma evolução na qualidade da argumentação apresentada pelos alunos que, inicialmente, apresentou poucos elementos característicos, mas, ao longo do processo, foi enriquecendo-se de elementos de maior nível argumentativo. Portanto, observou-se indícios de que o uso do pluralismo metodológico em sala de aula colabora com o desenvolvimento da argumentação científica ao longo do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de física.
Investigación basada en pruebas como antídoto de modas didácticas en la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: García-Carmona Antonio
Published: February 2020

En 1974, el físico Richard P. Feynman pronunció un discurso en el que acuñó la célebre frase ciencia del culto a la carga (FEYNMAN, 1974) para referirse a aquellas teorías que, a pesar de que no funcionan, se promueven y aceptan por gran parte de la sociedad. Esto lo hacía para alertar de los peligros de las pseudociencias que imperaban por aquel entonces, incluyendo algunos estudios pedagógicos. Casi tres décadas después, el pedagogo E. Donald Hirsch Jr. (2002) rememoraba el discurso de Feynman para reflexionar sobre aquella investigación educativa que, incluso estando bien planificada y desarrollada, no provee un conocimiento confiable y utilizable para el aula.
The effect of inflation, profit-loss sharing loan, and capital adequacy towards performance of Indonesian Islamic banks
Authors: Visita Luksi
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to observe the impact of inflation, profit-loss sharing loan, and capital adequacy towards performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. This study utilizes longitudinal study from 2010 to 2018 towards Islamic Commercial Banks and Sharia Business Units that are listed in Indonesia. Using pool-time series data, the variables studied are inflation, capital adequacy ratio (CAR), profit-loss sharing loan, and return on assets (ROA). The result shows that only inflation has no significant effect on performance. Capital adequacy affects positively significant, while profit-loss sharing loan affects negatively significant. This study add new perspective on how macroeconomic variable influence Islamic banks’ performance in Indonesia. Additionally, this study is also distinctive because of lengthier observation period (eight years) compared to other studies in recent five years
1968: In Search of “Socialism with Human Face” in Czech Art History
Authors: Bartlová Milena
Published: February 2020

The five or eight years leading up to the failed “Prague Spring” represent the most important period of Czech humanities tradition during the Communist Party dictatorship. Art history did not directly participate in either of the most prominent period discourses, but it was able to develop its own specific methodologies following the Czech continuation of the Vienna School legacy. The contribution analyzes the discourse of Marxist Iconology, developed by J. Neumann and R. Chadraba, and presents the case of F. Šmejkal and his concept of Imaginative Art, which was, interestingly, the sole case during the whole 40 years of the Communist Party rule when the highest Party officials became directly involved in Czech art historical practice. From the point of view of art historical practice, the most important feature of the brief period 1963–1969 was the new possibility of contacts with foreign art historians and of traveling abroad.
Synthesis of 2-aryl-benzothiazoles via Ni-catalyzed coupling of benzothiazoles and aryl sulfamates
Authors: Yu Xiaofeng , Zhang Zhen , Song Renyuan , Gou Liping , Wang Guangrong
Published: February 2020

2-Aryl-benzothiazoles have been successfully synthesized via a simple coupling reaction between benzothiazoles and aryl sulfamates using a nickel catalyst. The nickel catalyst is inexpensive, reusable and commercially available. In addition, the use of highly expensive palladium catalysts and unstable raw materials has been avoided. 2-Aryl-benzothiazoles bearing various substituents on the aryl groups were obtained in good yield.
Localization STED (LocSTED) microscopy with 15 nm resolution
Authors: Puthukodan Sujitha , Murtezi Eljesa , Jacak Jaroslaw , Klar Thomas A.
Published: February 2020

We present localization with stimulated emission depletion (LocSTED) microscopy, a combination of STED and single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We use the simplest form of a STED microscope that is cost effective and synchronization free, comprising continuous wave (CW) lasers for both excitation and depletion. By utilizing the reversible blinking of fluorophores, single molecules of Alexa 555 are localized down to ~5 nm. Imaging fluorescently labeled proteins attached to nanoanchors structured by STED lithography shows that LocSTED microscopy can resolve molecules with a resolution of at least 15 nm, substantially improving the classical resolution of a CW STED microscope of about 60 nm. LocSTED microscopy also allows estimating the total number of proteins attached on a single nanoanchor.
Active analog tuning of the phase of light in the visible regime by bismuth-based metamaterials
Authors: Garcia-Pardo Marina , Nieto-Pinero Eva , Petford-Long Amanda K. , Serna Rosalia , Toudert Johann
Published: February 2020

The active and analog tuning of the phase of light by metamaterials is needed to boost the switching performance of photonic devices. However, demonstrations of this type of tuning in the pivotal visible spectral region are still scarce. Herein, we report the active analog tuning of the phase of visible light reflected by a bismuth (Bi)-based metamaterial, enabled by a reversible solid-liquid transition. This metamaterial, fabricated by following a lithography-free approach, consists of two-dimensional assemblies of polydisperse plasmonic Bi nanostructures embedded in a refractory and transparent aluminum oxide matrix. The analog tuning of the phase is achieved by the controlled heating of the metamaterial to melt a fraction of the nanostructures. A maximum tuning of 320° (1.8 π) is observed upon the complete melting of the nanostructures at 230°C. This tuning is reversible by cooling to 25°C. In addition, it presents a wide hysteretic character due to liquid Bi undercooling. This enables the phase achieved by this analog approach to remain stable over a broad temperature range upon cooling and until re-solidification occurs around 100°C. Therefore, Bi-based metamaterials are endowed with analog optical memory capabilities, which are appealing for a wide range of applications, including optical data storage with enhanced information density or bistable photonic switching with a tunable “on” state.
Controllable all-optical modulation speed in hybrid silicon-germanium devices utilizing the electromagnetically induced transparency effect
Authors: Zhou Junhu , Zhang Chenxi , Liu Qirui , You Jie , Zheng Xin , Cheng Xiang’ai , Jiang Tian
Published: February 2020

Incorporating auxiliary all-optical modulation speeds as optional response modes into a single metamaterial is a promising research route towards advanced terahertz (THz) applications ranging from spectroscopy and sensing to communications. Particularly, a plethora of dynamically tunable optical functionalities are determined by the resonant light-matter interactions. Here, an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonator stacked with two traditional semiconductor films, namely silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), is experimentally demonstrated. A giant switching feature of the EIT window with a peak at 0.65 THz occurs when the Si or Ge film is excited by ultrafast optical pulses, allowing for an optically tunable group delay of the THz wave packet. The recovery time for the slow and fast on-off-on switching cycles is 1.7 ns and 11 ps, respectively, which are mapped as the pump delay time of Si and Ge. Two optional response modes are integrated on the same device, where the modulation speed varies by three orders of magnitude, endowing the modulator more compact. This work provides new prospects for the design and construction of novel chip-scale THz devices based on EIT and their applications in areas of sophisticated optical buffering and active filtering.
Identification of supervised and sparse functional genomic pathways
Authors: Zhang Fan , Miecznikowski Jeffrey C. , Tritchler David L.
Published: February 2020

Functional pathways involve a series of biological alterations that may result in the occurrence of many diseases including cancer. With the availability of various “omics” technologies it becomes feasible to integrate information from a hierarchy of biological layers to provide a more comprehensive understanding to the disease. In many diseases, it is believed that only a small number of networks, each relatively small in size, drive the disease. Our goal in this study is to develop methods to discover these functional networks across biological layers correlated with the phenotype. We derive a novel Network Summary Matrix (NSM) that highlights potential pathways conforming to least squares regression relationships. An algorithm called Decomposition of Network Summary Matrix via Instability (DNSMI) involving decomposition of NSM using instability regularization is proposed. Simulations and real data analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program will be shown to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
Effect of Rest Interval Duration on the Volume Completed During a High-Intensity Bench Press Exercise
Authors: Hernandez Dennis J. , Healy Sean , Giacomini Mona L. , Kwon Young Sub
Published: February 2020

Hernandez, DJ, Healy, S, Giacomini, ML, and Kwon, YS. Effect of rest interval duration on the volume completed during a high-intensity bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 2981–2987, 2021—Between-set rest intervals (RIs) are one of the most important variables in resistance training; however, no known research has investigated the effects of RIs greater than 5 minutes during high-intensity strength training. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of 3 different RIs on repetition sustainability and training volume (sets × reps × resistance) during a high-intensity bench press exercise. Fifteen resistance-trained male subjects (mean ± SD, age = 25.5 ± 4.5 years, and bench press 1 repetition maximum [1RM] ratio [1RM/body mass] = 1.39 ± 0.1) completed 3 experimental sessions, during which 4 sets of the bench press were performed with 85% of 1RM load. Subjects performed the bench press using 3 different RIs in a random counterbalanced design. Data were analyzed using both a one- and two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. As sets progressed, repetitions were significantly different (p < 0.05) between all RIs, and only the 8-minute RI (p < 0.05) allowed for the complete sustainability of repetitions over 4 consecutive sets. Subjects attained the greatest training volume (p < 0.05) using an 8-minute RI between sets compared with a 2- or 5-minute RI. Similarly, a significantly greater training volume was achieved using the 5-minute RI compared with the 2-minute RI. Resistance-trained men, with the goal of greater volume during strength training, would benefit from longer RIs, specifically using an 8-minute RI between 4 consecutive sets of a bench press exercise.
Developing Powerful Athletes, Part 1: Mechanical Underpinnings
Authors: Turner Anthony N. , Comfort Paul , McMahon John , Bishop Chris , Chavda Shyam , Read Paul , Mundy Peter , Lake Jason
Published: February 2020

This review will revisit practitioner understanding of the development of power, before outlining some of the key mechanical parameters that contribute to power development. This understanding will help with planning and periodization of strength and power training, which is explored in part 2 of this 2-part review. This review (part 1) discusses the force-time and force-velocity curve and addresses recent criticism in using terms such as power, rate of force development, and explosiveness, over impulse. These terms are distinguished mechanically and conceptually for the benefit of the scientist and coach, and are essential for effective sharing of data and practice.
The Ball-on-Three-Ball (B3B) Test – Application to Cement Paste and Mortar
Authors: Fu Tengfei , Weiss W. Jason
Published: February 2020

While originally used for ceramics, the ball-on-three-ball (B3B) test has shown value for use with cementitious materials. The B3B test uses disk-shaped samples that can be sectioned from a cylinder, which allows a large number of samples to be tested to provide information on statistical repeatability. Additionally, this test is also well suited for use in some cement paste degradation studies. In this research, cement paste and mortar samples made with standard ASTM sand or natural sand were tested using the B3B test. The results showed that the B3B test has less than 10 % variation in flexural strength for cement paste and mortar. Data analysis using statistical Weibull theory indicated that the B3B flexural strength is typically lower than four-point bending flexural strength; however, this can be explained by size effect considerations. Recommended testing procedures were given.
The Impact of Repair Method on the Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Steel Embedded in Cracked Concrete
Authors: Alarab L. Abo , Ross B. E. , Poursaee A.
Published: February 2020

The primary objective of this study was to experimentally assess the mitigating impacts of repair methods on the chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement steel in precracked concrete. Precracked reinforced concrete specimens with a single transverse crack with three different crack widths of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7 mm (0.004, 0.012, and 0.028 in) as well as uncracked beams were prepared. The specimens were exposed to alternating wet and dry cycles of 2 wk using a 3 wt. % sodium chloride solution to simulate an aggressive environmental condition and thus accelerate corrosion of embedded reinforcement bars. Three different methods were used for repair: (1) epoxy only, (2) injecting the inhibitor inside the crack and then coating the surface with epoxy, and (3) injecting a mixture of epoxy and inhibitor inside the crack and then coating the crack surface with epoxy. Electrochemical measures showed that all repair methods significantly suppressed corrosion activity. Prior to application of the repair methods, the corrosion activity was correlated with the crack width. After repair, the corrosion activity was diminished and was similar regardless of crack width. The epoxy-only repair method corresponded to greater reduction in corrosion activity than the other two methods.
An Experimental Investigation on the Mechanism of Contact Erosion in Levee Foundations Considering the Characteristics of Particle Shape and Flow Field
Authors: Liang Fayun , Zhang Li , Wang Chen
Published: February 2020

Internal erosion is one of the most critical contributing factors for levee failures. Contact erosion, as a type of internal erosion, dominants when the seepage flow direction is parallel with the interface between coarse and fine soil layers. As is often the case beneath the foundation of a levee or at the top of clay core in an embankment dam, contact erosion can induce continuous transport of fine particles. Consequently, these water-retaining structures may collapse. To mitigate such potential hazards, the condition for initiation and progression of contact erosion should be investigated. In this research, the characteristics of contact erosion within cohesionless soils are presented visually by means of a newly devised apparatus. Two types of transparent coarse particles, namely quartz rubble and glass bead, are incorporated in two tests to study the effect of hydraulic conditions and particle shape on the initiation of contact erosion. The occurrence of contact erosion is captured qualitatively by snapshots, and the variation of soil sample configuration and flow lines are monitored by a stationary camera. Quantitative measurements are also conducted. Hydraulic gradients, turbidity, eroded mass, and inlet water pressure are recorded. The results provide insight into the influence of flow condition and particle shape on the occurence of contact erosion. The initiation and progression of contact erosion are governed by both hydraulic conditions and pore morphology. The latter is more crucial.
Sensory Modality-Independent Activation of the Brain Network for Language
Authors: Arana Sophie , Marquand André , Hultén Annika , Hagoort Peter , Schoffelen Jan-Mathijs
Published: February 2020

The meaning of a sentence can be understood, whether presented in written or spoken form. Therefore, it is highly probable that brain processes supporting language comprehension are at least partly independent of sensory modality. To identify where and when in the brain language processing is independent of sensory modality, we directly compared neuromagnetic brain signals of 200 human subjects (102 males) either reading or listening to sentences. We used multiset canonical correlation analysis to align individual subject data in a way that boosts those aspects of the signal that are common to all, allowing us to capture word-by-word signal variations, consistent across subjects and at a fine temporal scale. Quantifying this consistency in activation across both reading and listening tasks revealed a mostly left-hemispheric cortical network. Areas showing consistent activity patterns included not only areas previously implicated in higher-level language processing, such as left prefrontal, superior and middle temporal areas, and anterior temporal lobe, but also parts of the control network as well as subcentral and more posterior temporal-parietal areas. Activity in this supramodal sentence-processing network starts in temporal areas and rapidly spreads to the other regions involved. The findings indicate not only the involvement of a large network of brain areas in supramodal language processing but also that the linguistic information contained in the unfolding sentences modulates brain activity in a word-specific manner across subjects.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain can extract meaning from written and spoken messages alike. This requires activity of both brain circuits capable of processing sensory modality-specific aspects of the input signals as well as coordinated brain activity to extract modality-independent meaning from the input. Using traditional methods, it is difficult to disentangle modality-specific activation from modality-independent activation. In this work, we developed and applied a multivariate methodology that allows for a direct quantification of sensory modality-independent brain activity, revealing fast activation of a wide network of brain areas, both including and extending beyond the core network for language.
Direct Interaction of PP2A Phosphatase with GABABReceptors Alters Functional Signaling
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Terunuma Miho , Deeb Tarek G. , Wiseman Shari , Pangalos Menelas N. , Nairn Angus C. , Moss Stephen J. , Slesinger Paul A.
Published: February 2020

Addictive drugs usurp the brain's intrinsic mechanism for reward, leading to compulsive and destructive behaviors. In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the center of the brain's reward circuit, GABAergic neurons control the excitability of dopamine (DA) projection neurons and are the site of initial psychostimulant-dependent changes in signaling. Previous work established that cocaine/methamphetamine exposure increases protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, which dephosphorylates the GABABR2 subunit, promotes internalization of the GABABreceptor (GABABR) and leads to smaller GABABR-activated G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) currents in VTA GABA neurons. How the actions of PP2A become selective for a particular signaling pathway is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that PP2A can associate directly with a short peptide sequence in the C terminal domain of the GABABR1 subunit, and that GABABRs and PP2A are in close proximity in rodent neurons (mouse/rat; mixed sexes). We show that this PP2A-GABABR interaction can be regulated by intracellular Ca2+. Finally, a peptide that potentially reduces recruitment of PP2A to GABABRs and thereby limits receptor dephosphorylation increases the magnitude of baclofen-induced GIRK currents. Thus, limiting PP2A-dependent dephosphorylation of GABABRs may be a useful strategy to increase receptor signaling for treating diseases.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDysregulation of GABABreceptors (GABABRs) underlies altered neurotransmission in many neurological disorders. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is involved in dephosphorylating and subsequent internalization of GABABRs in models of addiction and depression. Here, we provide new evidence that PP2A B55 regulatory subunit interacts directly with a small region of the C-terminal domain of the GABABR1 subunit, and that this interaction is sensitive to intracellular Ca2+. We demonstrate that a short peptide corresponding to the PP2A interaction site on GABABR1 competes for PP2A binding, enhances phosphorylation GABABR2 S783, and affects functional signaling through GIRK channels. Our study highlights how targeting PP2A dependent dephosphorylation of GABABRs may provide a specific strategy to modulate GABABR signaling in disease conditions.
Mirror, Mirror for Us All
Authors: Bemis Bethanee
Published: February 2020

Love them or hate them, Disney theme parks have become some of the most culturally significant locations of collective memory of the American experience. Rather than focus, as most discussion has, on whether this should be viewed as “good” or “bad,” this essay seeks to lay a groundwork for understanding how Disney parks gained their cultural authority. In doing so it will suggest that public historians could benefit from framing the interaction between history and the public at Disney parks as a location-specific process by which the public and a corporation are engaged in a cultural ritual of transforming historical fact into the national narrative.
Accurate Sex Identification of Ancient Elephant and Other Animal Remains Using Low-Coverage DNA Shotgun Sequencing Data
Authors: de Flamingh Alida , Coutu Ashley , Roca Alfred L , Malhi Ripan S
Published: February 2020

Sex identification of ancient animal biological remains can benefit our understanding of historical population structure, demography and social behavior. Traditional methods for sex identification (e.g., osteological and morphometric comparisons) may be ineffective when animal remains are not well preserved, when sex distinguishing characteristics have not yet developed, or where organisms do not exhibit sex-associated phenotypic dimorphisms. Here we adapt a method developed for human sex determination so that it can be used to identify the sex of ancient and modern animal taxa. The method identifies sex by calculating the ratio of DNA reads aligning to the X chromosome to DNA reads aligning to autosomes (termed the Rx ratio). We tested the accuracy of this method using low coverage genomes from 15 modern elephants (Loxodonta africana) for which sex was known. We then applied this method to ancient elephant ivory samples for which sex was unknown, and describe how this method can be further adapted to the genomes of other taxa. This method may be especially useful when only low-coverage genomic data are obtainable. Furthermore, because this method relies on only the X and not the Y chromosome, it can be used to determine the sex of organisms for which a reference genome was obtained from a female or for which only the X chromosome is reported. Such taxa include the domestic cat, sheep, goat, and horse; and non-domesticated animals such as the Sumatran orangutan, western lowland gorilla and meerkat.
The White Possessive and Whiteness Studies
Authors: Lipsitz George
Published: February 2020

Aileen Moreton-Robinson’s The White Possessive performs its own important truths through evidence, ideas, and arguments about property, power, and Indigenous sovereignty. Its arguments about the links between Indigenous dispossession and whiteness are compelling in themselves, but they also serve as provocations to think more generally about how scholarly truths are forged through often uninterrogated deployments of temporality, causality, universality, and particularity. The book’s challenges to the naturalization of the racial state in US whiteness studies, and to the institutionalization of sovereignty and cultural difference in Indigenous studies, are part of a broader pattern in the study of social identities and power. The defeats suffered by the egalitarian and democratic movements of the mid-twentieth century and the rise of neoliberal regimes of racialized austerity and (in)security have given rise to the realization that it is not enough to change leaders and laws: a more radical transformation of social relations and identities, culture, and knowledge needs to take place. Critical race theory and feminist studies, postcolonial critique and decoloniality, queer and disability studies, animality studies and Afro-pessimism, subaltern studies and poststructuralism all emanate from similar frustrations about the gap between the structures of domination and our understandings of them. Moreton-Robinson’s work helps us see the important role in that trajectory of placing Indigenous dispossession at the center of our studies. Doing so will not be easy, but it can no longer be avoided.
We Still Want a Lifelong Commitment, Not Just Sweet Words
Authors: Jacob Michelle M.
Published: February 2020

In this article, I engage in storytelling as an act of resistance and an act of love, following the ways that Linda Tuhiwai Smith discusses storytelling as an Indigenous research project and methodology. The stories I share in this article are about on-the-ground examples of decolonizing education within colleges and universities, across multiple institutional settings and geographic locations. In these stories I portray certain administrators as trickster figures, and while I do not use actual names of administrators, their names could easily be researched. Their individual identities, however, are not the point. As critical scholars such as Aileen Moreton-Robinson have taught us, the problem of whiteness encapsulated in the white possessive has to do with systems of historical and ongoing dispossession of aggrieved communities.