bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Vegetation and Soil in Relation to Intensity of Grazing in North Central Kansas
Authors:   , Noller Gary
Published: February 2023

This study was an attempt to determine soil and vegetative differences in pastures on upland and slope sites caused by different utilization rates in the past year. Soil and vegetative differences were determined with reference to the following factors: soil moisture; soil organic matter; surface soil pH; amount of mulch; basal cover; species composition; percent frequency; perennial grass growth; and production of the vegetation. Four ranges for studying soil and vegetative-differences were selected on the basis of appearance of the vegetative cover, remaining vegetative growth of the previous year, abundance of mulch and past utilization, and were classified as follows: non-grazed; light-grazed; moderately grazed; and heavily grazed. Exclosures were established on grazed ranges and five-meter square quadrats were arranged in each. Vegetation within each quadrat was measured weekly and clipped monthly. Findings were as follows: (1) Soil moisture was greater on slope than on upland sites on the basis of an average of soil depths and grazing conditions. (2) Soil moisture was more abundant at the 0.5 foot depth than at all other depths. (3) Organic matter in the surface six inches of soil on the upland site was generally increased in pastures with heavy utilization, while a decrease was recorded on the slope. (4) The main portion of organic matter was in the surface two feet of soil on both sites. (5) Soil pH generally was more acidic in the surface six inches with increased grazing. (6) Surface soils on sites five feet or more in depth were acidic and surface soils on sites less than five feet deep were basic. (1) The amount of mulch on the upland and slope sites generally decreased with utilization. (8) Under all grazing conditions mulch was more abundant on upland than on slope sites. (9) Basal cover on upland and slope sites generally increased with grazing. (10) Tall grasses were more abundant on under-utilized ranges, while short grasses were most abundant on moderately and heavily grazed ranges. (11) Annual grasses were most plentiful on moderately and heavily grazed pastures. (12) Vegetative structure was different on each site. (13) Species of forbs, total number of plants and number of plants per square foot was greater under heavy utilization. (14) Perennial grass on the non-grazed and lightly grazed ranges was taller and growth was greater on upland than on slope sites. (16) Amount of growth decrease from clipping was greater on non-grazed and lightly grazed areas. (17) Forage, perennial grass and annual grass production was greater on upland than on slope sites. (18) Seasonal perennial grass yield on the non- grazed and lightly grazed uplands was greater than on moderately and heavily grazed uplands. (19) Forb yield on the uplands increased with grazing. (20) Annual grass production on moderately and heavily grazed pastures was greater than on under-utilized pastures.
Figuratively Speaking: The Female Form in Stoneware and Porcelain
Authors:   , Willis Thomas
Published: February 2023

There is no entity that is as complex, mysterious and fascinating as the human female. She has been drawn, painted, sculpted, sung about, admired, loved, hated, feared and wondered about for as long as there have been men on earth.
Tracing Trajectories of Change: Personal Construct Theory as Applied to Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors:   , Poage Christine
Published: February 2023

Literature establishing the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse, documenting its multitude of protracted effects, and suggesting treatment modalities for its survivors has burgeoned over the past decade. Though current research has been crucial in raising social awareness and informing public policy, most of these studies are vulnerable to inferential error (Briere, 1992) and lack a unifying theoretical grounding that would enlighten intervention (Haaken & Schlaps, 1991). Drawing from L.H. Leitner's (1987, 1988) work on core role relationships, the current study conceptualizes the etiology and integration of symptoms associated with childhood sexual abuse in a framework of personal construct theory (Kelly, 1955). Kelly's Choice and Sociality corollaries particularly informed the conduct of a ten-week therapy group for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Trajectories of client change were monitored using repertory grids, a beliefs inventory, and symptom measures. Results suggest that group therapy based on personal construct theory is effective in promoting client change by challenging debilitating beliefs and encouraging individual experimentation into meaningful role reconstruction regardless of the particular sequelae of the survivor.
Extraversion-Introversion and Neuroticism in Relation to Category Width
Authors:   , De Carlo Carlo
Published: February 2023

The study was concerned with finding significant differences between neuroticism and introversion-extraversion in relation to category width. With high, medium and low neuroticism for male and female introverts-extraverts, there was sex significance at the .05 level; without the medium group there was a sex significance at the .01 level. Males were found to be over-generalizes and to have wider categories than females. The medium male group resembled the female groups, which were in general more cognitively cautious than either the high and low male groups. Apparently there is not a linear continuum, as it usually assumed on the neuroticism scale for males at least with respect to the present task.
Use of Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Refraction to Determine Brine Contamination in Western Russell County, Kansas
Authors:   , Martin Denny
Published: February 2023

Electrical resistivity and vertical electrical sounding (VES) profiling surveys show trends of brine pollution following surface drainage patterns, as well as capillary movement of fluids, accumulation of salts, and sources of pollution. The VES surveys were not useful in determining depth due to the near surface brine; however, in conjunction with seismic refraction surveys at each of the pollution sites depth control seemed to work well with the Barnes Layer Method as opposed to the Moore Cumulative Method and Curve Matching Method. Movement through the unconsolidated material above bedrock and bedrock material and the effects on growing crops in contaminated material were estimated using existing soil and rock parameters. Movement would be very slow except during (short periods of rapid runoff) times of heavy rain. Most likely movement would be very slow in Sites #1, #2, and #4 since the material above bedrock is silty clay and bedrock is weathered shale to chalky shale. Whereas, in site #3 movement would proceed downstream quicker compared to the other three Sites due to its close proximity to the major stream of the area and more sand existing within the unconsolidated material above bedrock. Although accumulation of salts within the lowland area will produce a saline seep condition, downstream movement of some brine will still continue. As a result of my work, the extent of the brine, the movement of the brine, and the fertility of the soil were determined accurately and will be useful when remediation of the site occurs. Types of remediation will vary, from natural (passive - site #4), to mechanical (site #3). Sites #1 and #2 could be remediated by either in situ or passive forms. All remediation will most likely require the removal of pits or the lining of pits to take out the source of the pollution. Other resistivity profiling surveys should be conducted to monitor the future extent of the brine contamination.
An Evaluation of the California Abbreviated Wisc for the Intellectually Gifted Child (Caw-Ig) as an Identification Device for Gifted Programming
Authors:   , Shanks Kay
Published: February 2023

The recent resurgence of interest in serving gifted children in our public school system and the mandate that all gifted children will be served by 1980 (K.S.A. 72-966) has reawakened the search for an identifying device that accurately predicts intellectual potential. In this study, seventy- three (73) children were given the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children- Revised (WISC-R). Group A (18 children) had five subtests of the California Abbreviated WISC (CAW-IG) administered first. An Equivalent Full Scale Score was computed from these scores. At another time these same children were given the remainder of the subtests that make up the WISC-R. Group B (55 children) was given the WISC-R according to instructions for administration in the WISC-R manual. The five subtest scores from the CAW-IG were then computed and an Equivalent Full Scale Score IQ was determined. Analyses of how well the CAW-IG Equivalent Score correlates with the obtained Full Scale Score was computed by using a Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Correlations of .91, .84 and .84 were obtained for Group A, Group B and Total Sample, respectively. A test of differences between 2 correlations of independent samples showed no significant differences in these correlations. One way analyses of variance (ANOVA) comparing the scores of Group A and Group B indicated that order of administration made no significant difference in how well the CAW-IG Equivalent Score predicts the Full Scale Score. Frequency tables examined the effectiveness and efficiency of various CAW-IG scores as predictors of the Full Scale Score. It was concluded that the CAW-IG correlates with the Full Scale IQ, that order of administration does not affect the ability of the CAW-IG as a predictive tool and that the CAW-IG score can be used effectively and efficiently as a short form of the WISC-R. Possible advantages and cautions when using the CAW-IG are discussed.
Effect of an Eight-Week Period of Exercise on High Density Lipoprotein Concentration, Percent Fat, and Weight of College Female Athletes
Authors:   , Zody John
Published: February 2023

The effect that exercise has on the HDL concentration in women has not been well investigated. Therefore, it was the purpose of this study to determine the different effects of exercise on HDL levels, percent body fat, and body weight between female collegiate varsity athletes and college age females enrolled in physical education service courses. The study was conducted during the spring of 1982. The subjects were all volunteers (N = 27) with an X age of 19.89. Eleven of the 27 subjects were varsity athletes; four were from the varsity track team and seven were from the varsity softball team. The remaining 16 subjects were non-varsity athletes, eight from a slimnastics class and eight others served as controls. The training program for the varsity consisted of a five day per week period of exercise for approximately 90 minutes of varying intensity. The slimnastics group had a moderate exercise period of 40 minutes twice a week. Duration of the experiment was eight weeks. Replicated pre- and post-test measurements involved high density lipoprotein concentration, percent body fat, and land weight. Blood samples were analyzed utilizing an ABA-l00 procedure for determining HDL concentration. Percent fat was measured by hydrostatic weighing and land weight was measured on certified scales. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test for matched pairs. There were no significant differences between groups for any variables measured (p >0.05). Within group significance for HDL was found for the track group (p > 0.05). It is concluded from the results of this study that: 1) there was no significant difference between varsity and non-varsity females HDL following an eight week period of exercise, 2) there was no significant increase of HDL concentration following an eight week period of exercise, 3) there was a significant decrease of HDL concentration in the track group, 4) there was a significant decrease of percent body fat in the softball and slimnastics groups.
Detectability of Salt-Affected Soil Anomalies in North-Central Oklahoma Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data
Authors:   , Ebbert Daryl
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to determine whether hyper-spectral remote sensing can identify brine contamination in soils. Specifically the study investigated the use of Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer data for identifying brine spills. The study area is in north-central Oklahoma where the National Aeronautical and Space Administration in conjunction with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory conducted the remote sensing flight. The data were processed through various calibration and classification techniques for evaluation of accuracy of identification of brine spills using hyperspectral analysis. A variety of spectral techniques were used to attempt to detect brine-contaminated soil in Oklahoma. Overall, the performance of the various calibration and classification techniques used in this study was poor. The techniques did not prove effective and the most likely cause is that the major difference between contaminated and uncontaminated soil is a slight difference in albedo, rendering spectral-band techniques useless. X-ray diffraction analysis identified quartz and halite in the contaminated soil in the non-contaminated soil only quartz was identified. These results show that halite is present but cannot be verified using a hyperspectral based method of remote sensing. The observable similarity of the contaminated and uncontaminated area may be inherent in the brine detection problem, or may be an artifact of the particular condition of this study.
A Study of Background Factors, Academic Standing, and Life Style Patterns of the Senior Male Students at Fort Hays Kansas State College
Authors:   , Stewart Lucille
Published: February 2023

This study was formulated to further the knowledge about the senior male student in a medium-sized, Midwestern, public, liberal and applied arts college. The areas analyzed and presented are: (1) background factors of the senior male students; (2) the academic majors and the cumulative grade-point indices of the senior male students; (3) factors which may contribute to the cumulative grade-point indices; (4) attitudes toward a college education; (5) some basic values held by the senior male students; (6) college life style patterns; and (7) student career aspirations.
A Comparison of the Attitudes of Junior College Transfers Toward Their Junior College and Senior College Experiences
Authors:   , James Jimmie
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the attitudes of junior college transfer students toward their junior college and senior college experiences. More specifically, this study was designed to gather research from transfer students on the following categories: academic standards, (i.e. grading practices, quality of instruction being received, subject matter), counseling services, scholarship level, course transfer, extracurricular activities, and friendliness and/or individual attention received from fellow students and faculty. In addition, this study was to inquire if the native student, (i.e. first year college freshman) had any advantage over the transfer student, and to ascertain any difficulties experienced in adjusting to the four-year college.
Attitudes Toward Parenting
Authors:   , Walker Kristi
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate attitudes toward parenting. The following independent variables were investigated: gender of the parent, age of the parent, number of children, ages of children, and marital status of parent. Dependent variables were scores from the following subscales of the Parental Attitudes toward Child Rearing Questionnaire: Warmth, Encouragement of Independence, Strictness, and Aggravation. The sample consisted of 95 usable copies of the questionnaire. Five composite null hypotheses were tested, employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 68 comparisons were made, plus 68 recurring. Of the 68 comparisons, 20 were for main effects and 48 were for interactions. Of the 20 main effects, 8 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 48 interactions, 7 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. female parents value warmth more than male parents, 2. female parents are more concerned with aggravation than male parents, 3. Parents of children age birth to 5 years value warmth more than parents of children age 6 to 10 years, and 4. significant interactions for gender of parent, age of parent and Encouragement of Independence; age of parent, number of children and Encouragement of Independence; number of children, age of children and Encouragement of Independence: age of parent, marital status of parent and warmth : age of parent, marital status of parent and Encouragement of Independence; gender of parent, age of parent and Strictness; and gender of parent, marital status of parent and Strictness.
Stratigraphy, Petrology, and Depositional Environment of the Sulphur Springs Formation (Upper Devonian - Lower Mississippian), East-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Groneck John
Published: February 2023

The Sulphur Springs Formation consists of four members, in ascending order: the Upper Devonian (Famennian) “Allenton siltstone,” named herein; Glen Park Limestone, Bushberg Sandstone, and Lower Mississippian (Tournaisian) Bachelor Sandstone. Isolated exposures of this formation crop out irregularly and unconformably overlie Ordovician strata along the northeastern flank of the Ozark Uplift in east-central Missouri. The type section for the Sulphur Springs Formation is placed in the abandoned Goetz Quarry, Glen Park, Jefferson County, Missouri. Petrographic studies reveal nineteen lithofacies, a variety of diagenetic effects and sedimentary structures, and indicate a range of shallow, mixed-marine to marine, nearshore depositional environments. The bedded and laminated siltstones of the “Allenton member” exhibit silt- to sand-sized terrigenous grains and an impoverished benthonic fauna. These lithofacies suggest a low turbidity, relatively anoxic, clastic-influenced, and possibly a physically restricted environment. The multifacied Glen Park Member consists of sediments derived from both a terrigenous and diverse allochemical source. Abundant marine biota with associated micrite envelopes connote organic proliferation in an oxygenated, well-lighted, marine environment of normal salinity. Turbidity generally was low. Supersaturation of calcium carbonate promoted ooid formation in a wave-agitated water. The Glen Park Member possibly was deposited in a variety of both quiet and agitated environments that were warm, well-circulated, shallow, and nearshore. The Bushberg Member contains texturally submature to mature litharenites, sublitharenites, and quartz arenites. These lithofacies are composed predominantly of reworked, subrounded to rounded, fine-to coarse sand-sized, monocrystalline quartz grains. Each lithofacies displays varying percentages of either ooids, marine bioclasts, and reworked terrigenous phosphate pebbles, chert, and/or limestone lithoclasts. Deposition of the Bushberg Member occurred in a turbulent, nearshore setting that winnowed out the fine-sized sediments. The Bachelor Member, a supermature quartz arenite, possibly represents reworking of the underlying Bushberg Member. The mineralogical and compositional characteristics of most of the sediments in Sulphur Springs Formation suggests derivation from a simple terrane of Lower Paleozoic sedimentary strata. An emergent Ozark Uplift, the result of late Middle Devonian anorogenic tectonism, shed abundant detritus towards an eastward-facing, subtropical, dry belt coastline. The ideal depositional environment and climatic scenario for the Sulphur Springs Formation might have resembled parts of the modern central Texas Gulf Coast and/or the Trucial Coast of the Persian Gulf.
Measurement of College Students' Perception of the Credibility of Statewide Television News
Authors:   , Thomasson Rod
Published: February 2023

College students' perception of credibility in statewide television news was measured. The measurement was accomplished using the 12-part bi-polar News Credibility Scale copyrighted to the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (1986). The scale was analyzed using a t-test to determine statistically significant differences from the expected mean. Reliability was established using Chronbach's alpha. The scale produced six statistically significant results. The results indicated that the test population held a dual perception of statewide television news credibility. The participants found the news organizations credible in regard to issues like fairness, accuracy and trust, while perceiving a lack of credibility in areas like respect for privacy and bias.
Life History Trends and Migratory Behavior of Warblers in West-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Sevigny Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Standard mist-netting procedures were used to assess trends of migratory warbler populations in west-central Kansas. Four species were selected based on their high capture frequency in historical banding records. Orange-crowned Warblers (Vermivora celata), Nashville Warblers (V. ruficapilla), Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia), and Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla) were compared in frequency distribution, timing, sex class patterns, age class patterns, and migratory behavior. The banding station at Fort Hays State University (active from 1966 to 1992) was reconstructed and birds were netted during autumn migration in 1996 and 1997. Current data (1996-1997) were summarized with historical records (1966-1986) to evaluate warbler population trends. The total combined data set consisted of 3,280 individuals. Of 287 warblers captured in 1996 and 1997, only six were recaptured, suggesting most individuals did not stay in the sample area for more than 72 hours. Frequency distribution of the four warbler species fluctuated over time with well -defined high and low points, but without clear patterns in population numbers. Orange-crowned Warblers were captured in the greatest numbers and appeared to be the most common migrating warbler on the study site. Most warbler species were captured in September with the exception of Orange-crowned Warblers, which were netted almost exclusively in October. Available sex class data showed that adult males were captured more often than females for both Nashville and Wilson's Warblers. Age class comparisons exhibited a definite pattern with juvenile birds captured in considerably higher numbers than adults. This trend was most apparent in the historical banding records. In general age classes of all four warbler species seemed to migrate synchronously. Warbler migratory behavior can be classified as fallout, based on comparisons between daily weather patterns and fat deposits in captured birds. Migrating warblers probably do not select the riparian woodlands along Big Creek as stopover habitat, but may be forced down in response to physical stress. High capture days were usually associated with cold fronts and precipitation. During the onset of cold fronts, associated with a decrease in barometric pressure, target species were consistently captured with visible fat deposits. Given the relatively high levels of stored fat, other factors such as weather may stimulate birds to interrupt migration in a fallout pattern. Warbler migratory behavior in the interior portion of the continent may be an episodic phenomenon controlled by factors other than fat depletion.
An Experiment in Teaching Shakespeare
Authors:   , Brennan Margaret
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a report on an experimental method of teaching Julius Caesar. / Chapter I contains a discussion of methods used in presenting dramatic literature. Also, the results of a survey conducted among leading textbook publishers asking why the play Julius Caesar was included in their anthology, and if they, as textbook publishers, would recommend student productions. / Chapter II contains a record of a production of Julius Caesar as it was presented in the Dodge City Senior High School. Pictures of the production and explanatory materials are included in the Appendix. / Chapter III presents conclusions which show that production offers the student many new opportunities; script reading for interpretation of character, practical experience in set design, lighting, costuming and make-up, along with a broader understanding of history.
The Coyotes of Porcupine Cave, Colorado, with an Analysis of Craniodental Variation in Canis Latrans and Canis Lepophagus
Authors:   , Bever Gaberiel
Published: February 2023

Two coyote species, Canis lepophagus and the modern coyote, Canis latrans are known from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of North America. Canis lepophagus generally is considered a Blancan species, and the oldest specimens that can confidently be allocated to C. latrans are Rancholabrean. Therefore, a significant stratigraphic interval (the Irvingtonian) exists in which fragmentary coyote specimens occur but their species affinities are difficult to evaluate because the variation between C. lepophagus and C. latrans is not adequately known. A relatively large number of coyote specimens recently recovered from the Irvingtonian sediments of Porcupine Cave, Park County, Colorado, are described herein and provided the emphasis to analyze the variation in C. lepophagus and C. latrans. Qualitative and quantitative osteological description of the Porcupine Cave coyotes indicates that they closely resemble recent specimens of C. latrans. The systematic importance of the qualitative variations is difficult to assess because of a general lack of osteological descriptions, especially in the post-cranial skeleton, of fossil and recent small-bodied Canis taxa. Stepwise discriminant analyses were run on a series of 88 measurements taken primarily from specimens of C. lepophagus from Cita Canyon, Texas, and recent coyotes from the three subspecies whose modern ranges include Colorado (C. l. latrans, C. l. lestes, and C. l. mearnsi). The variables and associated data were separated into four anatomical “regions” (cranial, upper dentition, mandibles, and lower dentition) and analyzed independently. The goal was to find what variables of each region contribute the most to interspecific variation so that fragmentary fossil specimens can be analyzed more efficiently and effectively. Canonical discriminant analyses, using the restricted set of variables, then analyzed how well those variables could discriminate the known species. The discriminant functions derived from cranial and mandibular data were able to correctly classify C. latrans and C. lepophagus with 100 percent efficiency, whereas those derived from the dentition were less successful. The measurements exhibiting the greatest variation between C. lepophagus and C. latrans are as follows: postorbital constriction width and braincase height (not including sagittal crest) (cranial); P3 length and P1 width (upper dentition); mandibular condyle depth and mandible width at m2 (mandibular); and m1 width and p3 length (lower dentition). Braincase height was the only variable identified that could provide complete morphologic separation between C. lepophagus and C. latrans. When added as an unknown to the analyses, a relatively complete skull from the Porcupine Cave sample consistently grouped with the modern coyotes, suggesting that Porcupine Cave does contain the oldest-known record of C. latrans.
New Techniques of Spatial Illusion in Easel Painting
Authors:   , Cott Paul
Published: February 2023

Practically all paintings deal with the illusion of space in one way or another. Since the Renaissance artists have been creating the illusion of space with aerial and linear perspective. In our own century artists have developed methods of scale variation within a work and principles of advancing and receding colors to aid in creating the sense or illusion of depth on a plane surface.
The Revised Recuder-Augmenter Scale: A Validation Study for the Prediction or Misconduct in a Residential Foster Treatment Facility
Authors:   , Trentman Shane
Published: February 2023

Petrie's (1967) Reducer-Augmenter Theory holds that there is a continuum of individuals ranging from those who have nervous systems that amplify or increase stimulation (augmenters) to those who have nervous systems that dampen or decrease incoming sensory stimulation (reducers). The current study examined the use of the Revised Reducer-Augmenter Scale for the prediction of three behaviors associated with misconduct at a residential foster treatment facility for adolescents. A significant correlation between male RRAS scores and both current and preferred number of cigarettes smoked per day was found. Significant gender differences were also found. Results indicate the RRAS may be a viable instrument in studying and predicting male adolescent smoking.
Moments from Mythology
Authors:   , Waugh Mary
Published: February 2023

The mysteries of Mythology have fascinated artists from early ages to current times. I, too, find the personalities of the Gods and Lesser Gods very intriguing. Each drawing is presented in realism but I have tried to focus only on the essence of the emotions of the personalities involved in the brief moments of time rather than the macrocosm of the event itself.
Analysis of Sports Skills of Male Freshmen at Fort Hays Kansas State College
Authors:   , Harris Merle
Published: February 2023

The major purposes or this study were to (1) evaluate the general sports skills of incoming freshmen men at Fort Hays Kansas State College, (2) consider if the class Fundamentals of Sport is needed for all, part, or any of the incoming freshmen men, and (3) set up norms at Fort Hays Kansas State College for Johnson's General Sports Skills Test. The basis for selecting Johnson's Test is discussed in Chapter II.
X Or Y
Authors:   , Moore Joyce
Published: February 2023

X or Y stems from the idea that in design, as in life, we have variables. Some given, some chosen. What we do with these variables, how we arrange them, manipulate them, and coexist with them makes our lives unique and interesting.
A Second Life for Theatre Education : Enhancing an Undergraduate Theatre Course Through Virtual Reality
Authors:   , Edgar Amanda
Published: February 2023

In recent years, post-secondary educational institutions have begun to place emphasis on the inclusion of technology in the classroom (Anderson; Arndt; Burrill; Converse; Mitchell; Schrum; Zellner). Theatre arts teachers and students have much to gain from the integration of technology into their courses, such as an increase in knowledge retention (Schrum 60), critical thinking, and discussion skills (Czarnecki 16; Brown, Hobbs, and Gordon 8; Arndt 75). Integration of new technologies may also help to attract new students to the theatre arts, thus increasing program growth (M. Anderson 120). However, because theatre is a human art form, theatre instructors may be somewhat resistant to integrating technology into their courses. This has led to delays in the development of appropriate teaching tools for this area (Mitchell). This thesis examines the idea of using the popular online communication tool Second Life as a teaching and learning aid in the undergraduate introductory theatre course. Second Life is an internet based program that allows users to explore a consumer created virtual reality setting. Users are encouraged to communicate with each other, attend virtual events, explore their surroundings, and add new structures to the world. The research revealed Second Life as an effective teaching tool for the undergraduate introductory theater course by demonstrating its applicability to a set of broad course outcomes. Uses for the program were found in the areas of vocabulary improvement, play and performance analysis, and small group collaboration. Research also revealed Second Life to be effective in the demonstration of cultural and historical contexts of theater, which was identified as the program’s primary strength.
John G. Neihardt as Epic Poet of the West
Authors:   , Gatschet Paul
Published: February 2023

In examining the works of Neihardt, the writer has been impressed with the theme that apparently preoccupies this poet, namely, the epic qualities evident in the great mood of courage that was developed west of the Missouri River in the nineteenth century. Neihardt contends that this period with which the A Cycle of the West (1949) deals was one of discovery, exploration, and settlement -- a genuine epic period, differing in no essential from the other great epic periods that marked the advance of the Inda-European peoples out of Asia and across Europe. Furthermore, by composing The Song of Hugh Glass, The Song of the Three Friends, The Song of the Indian Wars, The Song of the Messiah, and The Song of Jed Smith, Neihardt asserts that he has written the only truly valid American epic and that he considers himself the epic poet of the West. This assertion has produced the problem: Can Neihardt be considered an epic poet? Has he produced an epic? What literary merits, if any, may be attributed to his Cycle? The fact that there is justification for examining the claims and the works of Neihardt is obvious. Neihardt is an American writer who claims to be the epic poet of our country. To date, there has been no critic nor student who has made a detailed study to evaluate Neihardt's claim in the light of his actual achievement.
Etendre
Authors:   , Leftoff Judith
Published: February 2023

Art is at once an expression and a reflection of mankind. Perception and creativity are uniquely human characteristics. The art I create is the reflection and extension of my experiences, ideals, truth and humanness. In the whistle of the wind, I hear the command, \ETENDRE. Extend yourself. Wrap your fingers around the brush, the stylus, or the mundane pencil. With these tools, reach into life’s displays so that they may be shared with a world in need of a pinch of spice. ETENDRE.\
Role of Communication in Customer Service : A Case Study of System Theory in Small Rural Telecommunication Company
Authors:   , Schlyer Michelle
Published: February 2023

In the field of customer service, various studies have been done in marketing, customer satisfaction, and quality assurance. However, no previous research has applied System Theory to customer service in the communication discipline. For this case study, the researcher observed various communication activities in different departments of a small, rural, mid-western telecommunication company and then explained and applied System Theory to the elements of customer service. By analyzing customer service in terms of System Theory, the reader can identify customer service patterns as part of a system. Communication within any company or organization is imperative. When applying System Theory to any process, it will allow one to better understand how objects can come together within an environment and communicate more effectively.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Fidgetometer Activity Levels and the Perceived Difficulty of Academic Tasks in Elementary School Children
Authors:   , Jones Gerald
Published: February 2023

The level of task difficulty has been found to be an important variable to consider in distractibility studies (Sen & Clarke, 1968; Turnure, 1970a, 1970b). Actual as well as perceived task difficulty has also been found to be related to activity levels in mentally retarded children (Stephens & Henry, 1973). These findings suggested that the level of task difficulty may be an important variable to consider when conducting activity level research. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fidgetometer activity level and the perceived difficulty of academic tasks in elementary school students. In addition, the relationship between fidgetometer activity level and actual task difficulty was examined. Eight English-speaking prospective first and second grade males (CA range six years, three months to nine years, five months) served as subjects. Although subjects employed in this study were determined to be of average intelligence, they were experiencing difficulties in learning in the academic areas of reading and/or mathematics. Activity rates were measured by use of the Ryabik-Farrall Activity Chair (Ryabik, 1976) during five different sessions. Academic stimuli consisted of reading and arithmetic tasks determined to be appropriate to the subjects ' grade placement. Three separate RBF-24 designs (Kirk, 1968) were used to analyze the data. Results of this study failed to support earlier research which found a relationship between activity level and actual as well as perceived task difficulty (Stephens & Henry, 1973). Factors contributing to these results as well as the need for future activity level research were discussed.
Forms of Mind
Authors:   , Voth Karrie
Published: February 2023

Forms of mind comes from my belief that art is a reflection of one’s own life journey. Everyone interprets life differently. For me, it is a conceptual journey where ideas are realized in form. Concepts are present through every moment of my existence, churning and waiting to be developed. Graphic design is very much a fine art to me… it is born of the same world as all other art forms and has beauty and conceptual worth, as well as commercial value. Graphic design communicates ideas to an audience, and if done well, can communicate on a deeper level. Through the combination of layout, type, image, color, and concept, a designer can touch someone, showing thoughts and ideas too difficult to communicate on a superficial level. This is the kind of design I strive to create.
The Role of Input Organization in the Short Term Memory Abilities of Normals and Retardates
Authors:   , Simpson Richard
Published: February 2023

The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the role of input organization in the short term memory abilities of normals and retardates. Five lists of organized and five lists of unorganized stimuli words were administered to each of 15 normal subjects and 15 retarded subjects with each subject being scored on his ability to recall given stimuli items. The scores obtained for the different groups were compared. It was found that organization is an important variable influencing memory in retardates but that this factor plays a much smaller role in normal groups. The single most significant finding of the study was related to the manner in which the type of stimulus material employed (organized or unorganized) related to a given individual's ability level. Generalizations from the present study were limited because of the small population size and an institutionalization variable effecting the retarded group.
Public Drinking : Analysis of Drinking Behavior, Sex, Age and Companions
Authors:   , Fatting Mark
Published: February 2023

The present study examined the drinking behavior of both sexes and three age groups in middle class public drinking establishments. Observations were made of type and volume of drink, time to consume and number of sips. Additionally, information was recorded on sex and estimation of height, weight and age. Significant differences were obtained between men and women in time to consume a drink and a significant interaction between sex and age was found. A significant difference was found when number of sips was correlated with time to consume a drink with drink volume partialled out. A tendency for women to consume drinks more rapidly on weekends was found and women with one companion consumed drinks more rapidly than women with two companions. The finding that men consumed drinks more rapidly than women was in agreement with previous findings. The partial correlations employed here provide unprecedented analysis of public drinking behavior which has implications for therapists involved in controlled drinking.
A Summary and Presentation of the Writings of Rufus M. Jones, Quaker Philosopher and Historian
Authors:   , Ross Francis
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a summary and presentation of the philosophical teachings of Dr. Rufus Matthew Jones, along with his historical review of the Quaker Church. Jones was an influential person among the Orthodox Quakers. This branch of the Quaker Church is and has been the strongest body in promoting humanitarian service and has given to the world its attitude toward Quakerdom. Since Dr. Jones was the instructor of philosophy at Haverford College and was the first chairman of the American Friends Service Committee, it made his writings of paramount interest. The fifty- seven books which Rufus Jones wrote were read and the important statements of each chapter were compiled to give a summary of each book. From these summaries, the essential teachings were formulated and the major topics became the chapter titles in the thesis. It was found that Jones wanted to develop his inner life and everything which he wrote, in some way, interpreted to him and to his readers a phase of spiritual development. His autobiographical books showed his own personal inner development. He wrote continuously upon mysticism as a method of inner development and also made a study of the men who he considered were mystics in history. Beginning with the early mystics as Plato, John the Disciple, Meister Eckhart and others, he showed how religious liberalism began to find expression in individual lives. Each of these men wanted to follow God according to his own understanding of religion without conforming to an organized body. George Fox, who was the founder of the Quaker way of life, attempted to maintain religion without organization. To Jones, Fox attained the highest example of developing the inner life and was successful in passing it on to others by forming the Quaker Church. Fox realized that a degree of organization was necessary to have a unified group. The organization that was established by the early Quakers was felt, by Jones, to give the greatest liberty for the expression of the inner man. He tried to show this experience in his Quaker histories. It was further found that Dr. Jones wanted to unite the divisions of the Quaker Church that had come over a period of years and he devoted his life to promote education and humanitarian service, hoping to bring about a reconciliation. Although his efforts were never completely accepted by all Quaker groups, it is certain that he greatly influenced and even set a pattern for many of the present teachings of the Orthodox Quakers.
Vicious Cycle
Authors:   , Hutchinson Brian
Published: February 2023

I believe that art should engage emotion, foster imagination, and challenge people to think more deeply about existence. The violent and self destructive nature of humanity urges me to consider an aesthetic that is ultimately respectful of our mortality and beautiful fragile existence. I am most enthralled with art that stimulates me in a visceral, emotional, and physically effective way. I am interested in the nervous energy that courses through the threatened mind and how to create power in a work of art through its ability to access the nervous system. Because the most common triggers of this sensation have to do with self-preservation and the employment of shock, artists like Damien Hirst, Francis Bacon, and Otto Dix have confronted our sensibilities of safety by balancing the qualities of destruction and frailty. This work and the humanity it represents, perpetuate a vicious cycle. The vicious cycle presents a solution that ultimately exacerbates the problem. Human violence is an oft engaged solution that threatens the very thing we wish to preserve – existence. I have found and technical and formal necessity to engage the same sense of balance and execution. As I worked with these paradoxical themes in print media, I discovered a serial repetition of imagery. The result is a print cycle detailing the delicate yet savage nature that defines the human condition.
Evolution of Life Forms in Mixed Media Painting
Authors:   , Schanou Karen
Published: February 2023

Representing the human form is a natural outgrowth of the theme itself. This representation has been both through the use of recognizable human figures and through emotional response to abstract human qualities. The thesis paintings do not necessarily depict life forms in a recognizable or a representational manner. Intuitive choice of colors and forms, lines and textures inherently expresses, in a non-representative fashion, qualities and forms of life.
Effects of Fragmentation on Species Retention in National Parks
Authors:   , Tanner Liz
Published: February 2023

The North American landscape is becoming increasingly fragmented, resulting in habitat patches with decreased area and increased isolation. Often, these patches exist as protected areas, such as national parks. The Theory of Island Biogeography is frequently used as a model for these patches, where each park serves as an ‘island’ surrounded by a ‘sea’ of human-altered habitats. As such, species richness and extinctions in a park might be explained by its area. For this study, I used regression models to examine the relationship between richness and area, as well as extinctions and area, for mammals and birds in national parks. Mammal models were also constructed without rodents. Due to their relatively small size, rodents have a low detectability, and are often under surveyed. As a result, excluding them might improve my models. Additionally, because area is unlikely to be the only factor influencing species retention, I also included national park age, national park latitude, and national park longitude as predictor variables. I found some support for the relationship between area and species retention in national parks. Both bird models indicate that area had a positive relationship with species retention while area did not have a significant relationship with any of the mammal models. Understanding the biogeographic features affecting species retention in national parks allows managers to develop more informed management plans. It is important to preserve the area of national parks to conserve biodiversity in and around the parks by limiting the future effects of fragmentation.
Parental Attitudes Toward Raising Children
Authors:   , Bahn Karen
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate parental attitudes toward raising children. The following independent variables were investigated: gender of the parent, age of the parent, number of children, ages of children, and marital status of the parent. The dependent variables were the scores obtained from the following subscales of the Parental Attitudes toward Child Rearing Questionnaire: Warmth, Encouragement of Independence, Strictness, and Aggravation. The sample consisted of 65 usable copies of the questionnaire. Five composite null hypotheses were tested, employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 64 comparisons were made plus 60 recurring. Of the 64 comparisons, 20 were for main effects and 44 were for interactions. Of the 20 main effects, 4 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 44 interactions, 6 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Males are stricter than females, 2. Parents not married give more importance to Encouragement of Independence, 3. Gender of parents and age of parents should be interpreted simultaneously for Warmth, 4. Gender of parents and number of children should be interpreted simultaneously for Warmth, 5. Age of parents and marital status should be interpreted simultaneously for Strictness, 6. Age of children and marital status should be interpreted simultaneously for Strictness, 7. Age of children and marital status should be interpreted simultaneously for Aggravation, 8. Gender of parents and marital status should be interpreted simultaneously for Warmth, 9. Parents’ attitudes toward Warmth and Encouragement of Independence are positive, and 10. Parents’ attitudes toward Strictness and Aggravation are neither positive nor negative.