bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Birinci sınıf Öğretmen Adaylarının Üniversiteye Uyum Düzeylerinin Akademik Öz Yeterlikleri ve Akademik Başarılarını Yordama Düzeyi
Authors: Aynas Naciye
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmada üniversitenin ilk yılında öğretmen adaylarının üniversiteye uyum düzeyleri ile akademik öz yeterlikleri ve akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında bir üniversitenin eğitim fakültesi 1. sınıfında öğrenim görmekte olan 262 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeli çerçevesinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri “Üniversiteye Uyum Ölçeği”, “Akademik Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği” ve öğretmen adaylarının akademik not ortalamalarından elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının üniversiteye uyum puan ortalamaları toplam 189.45±47.7, alt boyutlardan akademik uyum 50.64±15.0, Sosyal uyum 59.28±15.08, Kuramsal uyum 36.2±15.6, Kişisel-duygusal uyum 41.6±14.4 olarak belirlenmiştir. Akademik öz yeterlik puan ortalamaları ise toplam 99.6±17.6, alt boyutlardan Sosyal statü boyutu 29.5±5.9, Bilişsel uygulamalar boyutu 65.4±9.88, Teknik beceriler boyutu 10.7±2.08 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları olan öğretmen adaylarının üniversite uyum düzeyleri ve akademik öz yeterlikleri orta seviyede bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin akademik başarı not ortalaması ise %66.4 oranında 2.50-3.49 puan aralığında olup iyi seviyededir. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğrencilerin üniversite uyum düzeyleri ile akademik öz yeterlikleri arasında yönü pozitif, anlamlı ve düşük düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin üniversite uyum düzeyleri ve akademik başarı ortalamaları arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır.
Experimental Investigation of Rejuvenated Asphalt Mixtures Using Bio-Oils from Different Biomass Sources
Authors: Yalçın Beyza Furtana , Yilmaz Mehmet , Altundogan H.soner
Published: December 2024

Asphalt mixes containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) materials are generally harder than traditional mixes. Different rejuvenators are used to soften recycled asphalt pavement by reducing this hardness. In this study, recycled asphalt pavement was added to bituminous hot mixtures at 3 different rates (25%, 50% and 75%). To rejuvenate bituminous hot mixtures containing RAP, three different rejuvenators (pine cone, olive pomace and wheat straw) were added to the mixtures. This study investigated the effect of asphalt mixtures containing RAP and rejuvenator on the mechanical properties. Marshall test and moisture damage test were performed to examine the mechanical properties of asphalt mixture samples. As the bio-oil content in asphalt mixtures increases, the stability values of the mixtures decrease. As the bio-oil ratio in asphalt mixtures increases, tensile strength (TS) values decrease in both unconditioned and conditioned mixtures. While the increase in bio-oil reduces the tensile strength ratio, the shrinkage ratio of mixtures prepared with RAP increases. The bio-oil derived from pomace has been identified as the most effective rejuvenator among those tested.
Hipótesis sobre la Cruz de fierro de Foncebadón expuesta en el Museo de los Caminos (Astorga) y reflexión sobre su nombre
Authors: Lorenzo Arribas Josemi
Published: December 2024

La Cruz de fierro de Foncebadón (León) es uno de los principales hitos de la via francigena del Camino de Santiago. Se ha reflexionado mucho sobre el origen de estas murias o majanos (agrupaciones de piedras) pero poco sobre la propia cruz como objeto material, tarea que se aborda en esta contribución, en la que se plantea que la que hoy se exhibe en el Museo de los Caminos de Astorga tiene una antigüedad mucho menor de lo que cupiera esperar. Finalmente, se suma una reflexión sobre los distintos modos de referirse a ella (Cruz de fierro, ferro o hierro) en la literatura y documentación históricas.
La Compañía de Ciudad Rodrigo en la Armada de 1588
Authors: Ajenjo López Pablo
Published: December 2024

La Armada Invencible de 1588 cuenta con un nicho especifico en la investigación de las relaciones internacionales y de la política de la Edad Moderna. Supuso un acontecimiento crucial que movilizó una enrome cantidad de recursos materiales y personales afectando de manera directa a la vida cotidiana de muchas ciudades castellanas. En este trabajo se analiza la compañía que se reclutó en la tierra de Ciudad Rodrigo, desde su formación por orden del rey en 1586 hasta las ultimas noticias sobre este conjunto de soldados en 1589. Todo ello sirve para hacer una historia social de una de las muchas compañías que se reclutaron para servir en esta empresa.
Brechas del Mundo: Análisis de las desigualdades en el desarrollo humano y en el crecimiento económico y sus determinantes en el mundo actual
Authors: Ouali Fernández Sara
Published: December 2024

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Los inicios de la sanidad pública estatal en la ciudad de León: La Residencia Sanitaria de la Seguridad Social Virgen Blanca
Authors: Zayas Carbajal María Ángeles
Published: December 2024

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Fruits of Prosopis chilensis and Tetrapleura tetraptera as an alternative against multi-resistant bacteria in lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: N’do Jotham Yhi-pênê , Paré Dramane , Karama Issa , Hilou Adama , Kiendrébéogo Martin
Published: December 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium whose global spread poses a significant threat to human health due to its multidrug resistance (MDR). As a result, it is crucial to explore alternative treatments, particularly plant-based drugs, that are considered safe. The fruits of two plants, Tetrapleura tetraptera, and Prosopis chilensis, have been traditionally used to treat infectious diseases. These fruits are well-known for their nutritional and functional properties and their various bioactive compounds. Given these characteristics, the fruits can be effectively used against bacterial species like P. aeruginosa, which are resistant to conventional antibiotics. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of fruit extracts on the multi-resistant bacterium P. aeruginosa PAO1. The research utilized methanolic, hydro-methanolic extracts, and aqueous decoctions of the selected fruits for phytochemical analysis and to assess antioxidant and antibacterial activities, along with acute toxicity. The study employed the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods to examine antioxidant properties. The antibacterial activity was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum biofilm concentration (BMC), and biofilm formation analysis. The results indicated that the methanolic extracts of P. chilensis and the aqueous decoction of T. tetraptera exhibited high total phenolic contents (135 and 143 mg GAE/g, respectively) and demonstrated the best antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the hydromethanolic extract of T. tetraptera showed the most substantial biofilm inhibition (70.15%) compared to the other extracts from both plants. Importantly, none of the extracts showed signs of toxicity at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In conclusion, T. tetraptera and P. chilensis fruits contain compounds responsible for significant antioxidant activity and demonstrate efficacy against P. aeruginosa PAO1. These fruits could be potential candidates for developing phyto-drugs to combat antibacterial resistance in respiratory tract infections.
Development of a portable electrocoagulation unit for on-site treatment of washing machine wastewater
Authors: Ayuque-Rojas José Carlos , Palomino-Pastrana Pedro Antonio , Sánchez-Araujo Víctor Guillermo , Huere-Peña Jorge Luis , Dueñas-Jurado Carlos , Ccente-Chancha Edwin Javier , Mejia-Cayllahua Russell , Garcia-Riveros Brian Elgin , Rodas-Ccopa Herbert , Escobar-Soldevilla Mabél Yésica , Yaulilahua-Huacho Russbelt
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation method in treating wastewater from two laundries in the Huancavelica district of Peru, focusing on reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and monitoring temperature and pH levels. Over two weeks, treatments were conducted with varying current intensities (15 and 30 Amp/m²) and durations (15 and 40 minutes), mixing speed + time (20 and 40 rpm) alongside a control with 0 Amp/m² and 0 minutes. The initial untreated samples showed high COD levels, highlighting significant organic pollution. The results demonstrated substantial COD reductions across all treatments, with the most effective reduction observed at 15 Amp/m² for 15 minutes, achieving COD levels of 366.50 mg/L in Laundry 1 and 348.50 mg/L in Laundry 2. This significant decrease complies with Supreme Decree No. 010-2019-VIVIENDA, which mandates COD levels below 1000 mg/L for non-domestic wastewater discharges. Temperature and pH variations were also analyzed, revealing that the electrocoagulation process increased the temperature moderately, with averages ranging from 15.15°C to 36.80°C in Laundry 1 and 15.65°C to 34.80°C in Laundry 2. The pH levels remained slightly alkaline, ranging from 8.47 to 10.55 in Laundry 1 and 9.47 to 10.62 in Laundry 2, indicating that the process maintains acceptable alkalinity. In conclusion, the electrocoagulation method effectively reduces COD, maintains moderate temperature increases, and slightly alters pH levels, making it a viable option for treating industrial wastewater. These findings support the potential for electrocoagulation to enhance wastewater management practices, promoting environmental sustainability and regulatory compliance.
Real-time and in silico-based characterization of the heat stress-responsive gene TaGASR1 from Indian bread wheat
Authors: Kumar Satish , Padaria Jasdeep C. , Tuli Hardeep Singh , Kumar Pawan , Chauhan Ritu , Kaur Damandeep , Mandotra Sachin Kumar , Aggarwal Diwakar
Published: December 2024

Wheat is a staple food for 80% of the global population, offering essential protein, calories, and nutrients. Earlier wheat heat interaction studies revealed that increasing temperatures can severely hinder plant growth and development, increasing overall productivity and sensitivity to extreme temperatures during seed emergence and anthesis. In this study, TaGASR1 (gibberellic acid-stimulated regulator 1), a potential candidate for heat stress resistance, was isolated, and its expression was found to be significantly greater in HD3086 wheat than in HD2894 wheat at both the seedling and anthesis stages after exposure to 42 °C heat stress (HS). Furthermore, in silico studies validated the molecular findings, revealing a CDS region of 297 nucleotides with 2 ORFs, with ~93% sequence similarity to the TaGASR1 gene from the TAM107 wheat variety. A 3D model of the target protein was designed using the C8C4P9.1 template, showing 95.92% sequence similarity and 100% query coverage with the gibberellin-stimulated transcript. Furthermore, studies of the conserved motifs and protein-protein interactions of the TaGASR1 protein have identified three major functional partners: cold acclimation proteins, ABA-inducible proteins, and protein phosphatase 2C, emphasizing its role in abiotic stress responses. Hence, the TaGASR1 gene is a promising candidate for further studies, as it positively responds under HS conditions. Therefore, future research should focus on its role across different species to cultivate heat-tolerant varieties, supporting sustainable development amid climate change. This would encourage breeders and researchers to use this gene to advance wheat crop development, considering current and anticipated environmental conditions.
Exploring the Phosphate Solubilising Rhizobacteria isolated from Wild Musa Rhizosphere and their Efficacy on Growth Promotion of Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Tatung Mum , Deb Chitta Ranjan
Published: December 2024

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are recognized for enhancing plant growth, protecting against pathogens, and boosting productivity. The present study focused on isolating PGPR from the rhizosphere of wild Musa, screening for growth-promoting traits, and assessing their effects on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. A total of 20 strains were isolated and evaluated for their capacity to solubilize phosphate, produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), synthesize siderophores, and their tolerance to salt and heavy metals. Among 20 isolates, four most effective isolates were selected and based on 16S rRNA sequencing these isolates were identified as: Burkholderia cepacia (RZ27), Agrobacterium larrymoorei (RZ23), Pseudomonas taiwanensis (RZ5), and Pseudomonas orientalis (RZ3). P. orientalis exhibited the highest phosphate solubilization ability (222.17 µg/ml), followed closely by B. cepacia (222.80 µg/ml), A. larrymoorei (71.57 µg/ml), and P. taiwanensis (19.20 µg/ml). Isolate RZ27 demonstrated the greatest salt tolerance at 14%, followed by RZ5 and RZ23 (10% each) and RZ3 (6%). Notably, only isolate RZ23 produced IAA, while all isolates except RZ27 could produce siderophores. The highest siderophore production was recorded with RZ23 (33.34% siderophore production unit, SPU), followed by RZ3 (29.07 SPU) and RZ5 (27.20 SPU). A. larrymoorei and P. orientalis showed the highest chromium tolerance (1840 µg/ml), followed by B. cepacia (1810 µg/ml) and P. taiwanensis (1300 µg/ml). There was a noticeable enhancement in plant growth when P. vulgaris was inoculated with the PGPR strains. Among the four isolates, RZ3 significantly increased both shoot and root lengths and biomass compared to the control; meanwhile, isolate RZ23 improved shoot fresh weight. These findings suggest that these isolates have the potential to be used as bioinoculants to improve plant development.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF CABBAGE PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS AND SOIL AMENDMENTS IN A SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT
Authors: ENGUWA Kuume B. P. , HORN Lydia N. , AWALA Simon K. , Glaser Stefan
Published: December 2024

Crop production in small-scale farming communities in semi-arid Central Namibia faces significant challenges due to the high costs associated with irrigation and fertilizers. This study evaluated the impact of different irrigation levels (full and reduced) and six types of soil amendments—biochar, compost, zeolite, NPK, Be-Grow Boost (L) hydrogel, hoof and horn combined with a bone meal (HHB meal), and control on the economic benefits of cabbage production and assessed their feasibility. In the first experiment, irrigation was implemented at 79.6 m³ (100% of the water requirement) for four days a week, classified as full irrigation, and at 39.6 m³ (50% of the water requirement) for two days a week, termed reduced irrigation. Among the fully irrigated treatments, Be-Grow Boost (L) hydrogel, zeolite, and NPK demonstrated the highest Benefit-Cost Ratios (BCRs) at 3.81, 3.67, and 3.65, respectively. In the second experiment, irrigation schedules were adjusted to five and four days per week, using a total of 136.0 m³ (170% of the water requirement) and 124.8 m³ (150% of the water requirement) of water. The compost, HHB meal, and NPK application rates were also modified. The fully irrigated Be-Grow Boost (L) hydrogel, NPK, and reduced irrigation with HHB meal achieved the highest and comparable yields of marketable cabbage heads per hectare, with BCRs of 3.43, 3.24, and 3.29, respectively. In conclusion, utilizing fully irrigated Be-Grow Boost (L) hydrogel, NPK, and reduced irrigation with HHB meal could be effective practices for sustainable crop production in the semi-arid, sandy soil conditions typical of Central Namibia. Moreover, local biochar production could enhance sustainability by reducing overall production costs.
What Uses of Digital Technology Support and Enhance the Learning and the Engagement of Diverse Learners in High School Classes?
Authors: Majdoub Mourad , Diab Fatme , Heilporn Géraldine
Published: December 2024

Modern technology plays an important role in helping students from all walks of life to overcome barriers and benefit from teaching and learning. However, due to a lack of knowledge or skills with regards to educational technologies, K-12 teachers struggle to harness the full potential of digitalisation to support student learning and engagement, causing a risk of marginalisation (Chevalère et al., 2021). The gap in using ICTs is known as the digital divide. Research literature has revealed three levels of digital divide: access, usage and outcomes. In response to these research gaps, the aim of this communication is to explore which high school teaching practices cater for learners’ needs and preferences for the sake of an inclusive use of digital technology that enhances their learning and engagement. As part of a research project funded by the SSHRC, we have conducted individual semi-structured interviews with high school teachers and students aiming to obtain in-depth qualitative data mainly through open-ended questions. A thematic analysis has been employed to inductively analyse the interview data and generate possible themes and categories based on the objectives of our study. Preliminary findings will be available in spring 2023, and will be shared at OTESSA conference
Chimerism in specimens referred to Saurophaganax maximus reveals a new species of Allosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda)
Authors: Danison Andrew , Wedel Mathew , Barta Daniel , Woodward Holly , Flora Holley , Lee Andrew , Snively Eric
Published: December 2024

Saurophaganax maximus is the designation of a massive theropod dinosaur recovered from the Kenton Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in Oklahoma. The theropod was originally given the name Saurophagus maximus but was later revised to Saurophaganax maximus as the former did not conform to ICZN standards. Several autapomorphies were described for S. maximus including the postorbital lacking a postorbital boss, the atlas vertebra lacking facets for a proatlas, cervical vertebrae with nearly vertical postzygapophyses, unique accessory laminae on the holotype neural arch, pneumatized post-pectoral dorsal centra, laterally bowed femora, tibiae without an astragalar buttress and more prominent distomedial crest, less distally divergent fourth metatarsals, and craniocaudally expanded chevrons. However, our re-evaluation of these specimens shows that some of this material, including the holotype, is more parsimoniously referred to diplodocid sauropods found in the same quarry rather than an allosaurid. Because saurischian material referred to S. maximus is likely chimeric but diagnostic, we propose taxonomic revision and hypothesize dual validity. The name Saurophaganax maximus should refer to a previously undiagnosed diplodocid, instead of the large theropod recovered from the Kenton 1 Quarry. The presence of at least one skeletally mature theropod was confirmed through paleohistology of a fourth metatarsal. Despite the similarity of the theropod material to known species of Allosaurus, some decisively theropod specimens feature subtle autapomorphies that suggest a separate species, which we describe as
Allosaurus anax sp. nov.
Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adolescent Girls in Selected Schools of Lusaka District, Zambia
Authors: Edith Namukanga Nachizya , Mumba Zulu Joseph , N Munakampe Margarate , M Ngosa Dennis , Shumba Samson , Jacobs Choolwe
Published: December 2024

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological issue among young females. However, no studies in Zambia have examined the prevalence and associated factors of primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of primary dysmenorrhea among adolescents in selected schools in the Lusaka District.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in eight randomly selected schools in Lusaka, including 400 post-menarche girls aged 10–19 years. Participants were selected via random sampling, and data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire informed by literature. The tool included closed-ended and Likert scale questions, piloted for reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.8–0.9). Analysis was performed using STATA version 14.2, with variables having p < 0.05 in multivariate logistic regression considered statistically significant.
Results: All 400 participants responded (response rate: 100%). The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 78% (312/400; 95% CI: 73.6%–82.0%). Major risk factors included a positive family history (p < 0.001) and symptoms like breast tenderness (p = 0.008), diarrhea (p < 0.001), headache (p = 0.002), and nausea (p = 0.015). Menstrual cycles lasting 31–35 days (p = 0.034) and moderate menstrual flow (p = 0.011) were also significant.
Conclusion: Primary dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent among adolescents in Lusaka. Determinants included family history, long cycles, moderate flow intensity, and menstrual discomfort.
Integration of Big Data Technology in Risk Management Strategies in the Banking Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Indra Ningsih Nurul Hidayati , Sudarta  , Syaharuddin  , Hidayanti Nur Fitri
Published: December 2024

This research explores the integration of Big Data technologies in risk management strategies within the banking sector through a systematic literature review. The study identifies the key methods and frameworks that enhance the ability of financial institutions to predict and mitigate risks more effectively. By leveraging predictive analytics, particularly with Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) data, banks can anticipate potential risks with greater precision, improving decision-making speed and accuracy. The review highlights the significant benefits of Big Data, including reductions in financial losses, enhanced risk prediction accuracy, and improved operational efficiency. Case studies demonstrate how these technologies have contributed to more resilient and proactive risk management practices. However, challenges related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and infrastructure costs persist. This research provides insights into the transformative impact of Big Data on risk management in banking, while also suggesting directions for future research to overcome existing barriers and optimize integration. The findings underscore the importance of a strategic approach to Big Data implementation, which could lead to more robust risk management systems and greater financial stability in the banking sector.
A Novel Technique for Handwritten Signature Recognition
Authors: Boucerredj Leila , Kechroud Karima , Noureddine Bouaziz , Khechekhouche Abderrahmane
Published: December 2024

Handwritten signature recognition (HSR) is a critical component of biometric systems, widely used for securing financial transactions and identity verification. However, the variability of handwritten signatures, influenced by individual writing styles, inconsistencies, and environmental factors, presents significant challenges for recognition systems. Despite these obstacles, signatures remain a reliable and popular biometric trait. This paper introduces a novel deep learning approach utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture specifically designed for HSR. The proposed method was validated using two prominent datasets, MCYT-75 and GPDS-300, with detailed descriptions of the CNN structure. Experiments, conducted on a personal computer equipped with an NVIDIA Quadro M1200 GPU, an Intel i7 processor, and 32 GB of RAM, demonstrated the model’s exceptional performance, achieving validation accuracies of 99.60% on the MCYT-75 dataset and 99.80% on the GPDS-300 dataset. These results reflect the model’s robustness and minimized error rates, outperforming existing techniques and underscoring the effectiveness of deep learning for signature recognition. This study highlights the proposed model's potential for real-world applications and paves the way for further advancements in biometric authentication technologies.
Acto cooperativo y disolución de la sociedad cooperativa: un análisis histórico-legislativo brasileño
Authors: Portella Raphael Ricci
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la evolución histórico-legislativa brasileña del acto cooperativo y la disolución de la sociedad cooperativa —en particular, las causas de disolución y las formas de liquidación—, desde el Decreto N.º 1.637 de 1907, pasando por el Decreto N.º 22.239 de 1932, Decreto N.º 24.647 de 1934, Decreto-Ley N.º 581 de 1938, Decreto-Ley N.º 5.893 de 1943, Decreto-Ley N.º 8.401 de 1945, Decreto-Ley N.º 59 de 1966, Ley N.º 5.764 de 1971 y Código Civil de 2002. Se realiza una investigación documental y bibliográfica desde la norma de 1907 hasta la norma actual, haciendo énfasis en cada uno de los temas. El resultado nos permitirá concluir, a través del método deductivo, si existe estabilidad normativa.
Recibido: 29 febrero 2024Aceptado: 17 octubre 2024
La relación societaria y no laboral de las personas socias trabajadoras y las limitaciones de contratación de personas trabajadoras por cuenta ajena en la Ley 11/2019, de 20 de diciembre, de Cooperativas de Euskadi y en la Ley 27/1999, de 16 de julio...
Authors: Sanz García Asier
Published: December 2024

Las Sociedades Cooperativas de Trabajo Asociado gozan de gran autonomía en lo que se refiere a las normas internas de funcionamiento de estas, ya que están autogestionadas por sus personas socias, y no en vínculos laborales. En dichas entidades, hay que procurar el uso adecuado del Principio de la Autorregulación por las personas socias trabajadoras, como también que desempeñen su trabajo de manera adecuada y eficaz acorde al objeto social de la entidad. A su vez, hay que recalcar la primacía de esta clase de Sociedades Cooperativas respecto al resto de clases, tanto en la vertiente económica como social, tal y como el Lector podrá apreciar en el artículo en sede introductoria del mismo. También se llevará a cabo un estudio jurídico de la relación societaria y no laboral de las personas socias trabajadoras de las Sociedades Cooperativas de trabajo asociado, como también sobre las limitaciones de contratación de personas trabajadoras por cuenta ajena en las cooperativas de trabajo asociado. Y finalmente, se desarrollarán unas breves conclusiones de lo prescrito en el presente artículo.
Recibido: 03 abril 2024 Aceptado: 04 noviembre 2024
Philosophy and the role of cooperatives in the development of social capital. Case study: rural women’s microcredit cooperatives in Iran
Authors: Ranjbari Alireza , Ebrahimi Mohammad Sadegh , Khedri Gholamhossein
Published: December 2024

The empowerment of people in the society by synergizing the components of social capital (awareness, cohesion, trust and participation) causes transformation in that society. The aim of this study was to investigate the Philosophy and the role of cooperatives in the development of social capital. The statistical population of this study were women members of microcredit funds in Marvdasht Township in Iran. According to the database information, they include 2000 and from this number, 200 statistical samples were selected based on Cochran’s sampling formula and completely randomly. The main research tool was a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of university professors and experts, and its reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient higher than 80%. The results of the research showed that the index of social capital and components of awareness, trust, participation, cohesion and networks were weak in women. The results of the study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the empowerment of fund members and social capital (awareness, cohesion, trust, participation and networking). Among the factors affecting social capital, risk-taking with a beta coefficient of 0.637 has been the most important factor affecting the development of social capital of women members of credit funds. The results of the research emphasize that people’s participation in cooperative activities will create a social base for people and then social identity and cohesion for them, which will ultimately lead to the empowerment of rural women.
Received: 21 May 2024 Accepted: 05 November 2024
El kibutz israelí: de la experiencia comunitaria a los principios cooperativos
Authors: Merino Hernández Santiago
Published: December 2024

El kibutz ha logrado asentar en Israel un modelo convivencial partiendo del hecho autogestionario. Un modelo destinado al asentamiento bajo fórmula jurídica cooperativa, organizada esta sobre la base de la propiedad colectiva cuyo objeto es el trabajo por cuenta propia, la igualdad, la cooperación en la producción, el consumo y la educación en el marco de una vida comunitaria. Sin embargo, su realidad ha ido evolucionando desde la experiencia comunitaria hasta la realidad actual en la que ha descubierto al cooperativismo, entrando en contacto con la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional, así como con otras realidades cooperativas internacionales, y dejando ya muy lejos la autarquía con la que se definieron este tipo de experiencias en sus inicios. Y todo ello, sin dejar de tener en el centro a la persona y a la comunidad, pero sin olvidar la realidad económica y la eficacia empresarial. Sin lugar a duda el futuro de estas cooperativas se encuentra aparejado a la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional, y a los principios e identidad cooperativos, entendiendo que el hecho cooperativo es el definitivo puerto de llegada de su evolución con relación a su modelo convivencial.
Recibido: 22 mayo 2024 Aceptado: 11 octubre 2024
La reforma constitucional española de 2024 sobre discapacidad y la alternativa cooperativa para la inserción sociolaboral de las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Larrazabal Basáñez Santiago
Published: December 2024

La reforma del artículo 49 de la Constitución española de 1978 en materia de discapacidad ha supuesto un importante cambio normativo, tanto en la terminología utilizada como en la concepción de la protección de las personas con discapacidad, para garantizar su plena autonomía personal e inclusión social. Y, como sabemos, las cooperativas pueden jugar un papel muy relevante para ello en el ámbito sociolaboral. Una utilización conjunta de las especialidades constitucionales puede dar mucho juego. Se trataría de construir una fundamentación jurídica sólida para justificar medidas «audaces» en este campo, combinando la protección efectiva de las personas con discapacidad del nuevo artículo 49, la cobertura constitucional del trato diferenciado que se puede dar a las cooperativas en virtud de la obligación constitucional de fomentarlas a través de una legislación adecuada (artículo 129.2), la prohibición de discriminación por discapacidad (artículo 14) y la promoción de medidas de acción positiva para lograr la igualdad real y efectiva (artículo 9.2), previstas también en los Tratados y acuerdos internacionales en materia de derechos humanos ratificados por España que, además, son canon de interpretación de la normativa española de derechos y libertades fundamentales (artículo 10.2).
Recibido: 31 mayo 2024Aceptado: 03 octubre 2024
Empresas cooperativas mexicanas durante el período neoliberal 1980-2018
Authors: Izquierdo Muciño Martha E.
Published: December 2024

Las empresas cooperativas de México reflejan claramente cada una de las etapas de la historia. Ellas han tenido que hacer un gran esfuerzo para poder salir adelante, habiendo tenido que afrontar situaciones adversas por las políticas económicas implantadas como ha sido el período neoliberal en el que han sido consideradas como elementos que gradualmente conducen al socialismo, aun cuando en realidad lo que se persigue es una correlación de fuerzas y una alternativa económica en el modo de producción prevaleciente en el país, observándose por otra parte que el citado modelo económico no ha resultado como se esperaba.
Recibido: 04 junio 2024 Aceptado: 03 noviembre 2024
La competitividad de las cooperativas en Cuba: valoraciones previas y necesarias para futuras modificaciones legales
Authors: Rodríguez Musa Orestes , Hernández Aguilar Orisel
Published: December 2024

La competitividad constituye un ideal multidimensional en sus elementos y, consecuentemente, en sus efectos que ha logrado rebasar el ámbito estrictamente empresarial. Con tales antecedentes es comprensible la aplicación del paradigma competitivo, a las cooperativas, toda vez que ellas constituyen una manifestación de organización empresarial, con la singularidad de que están centradas en las personas. Tomando como base las premisas expuestas, el presente trabajo se propone valorar la pertinencia de modificaciones legales que permitan incidir sobre las fortalezas y las debilidades presentes en el escenario cubano actual para la potenciación de la competitividad de las cooperativas.
Recibido: 28 noviembre 2023 Aceptado: 04 julio 2024
Ética en crisis: El impacto de la carrera armamentística de las armas autónomas en nuestros valores morales
Authors: Couceiro Monteagudo Jorge
Published: December 2024

Las matanzas sistemáticas han sido parte de los episodios más oscuros de la historia. Actualmente, se presentan como un objetivo en la guerra, especialmente con la IA militar y las armas autónomas. Sus defensores afirman que estas armas superarán a los humanos en capacidad militar y moral, ofreciendo violencia más precisa y sin emociones. Sin embargo, argumentamos que estas armas replican e intensifican los desafíos morales del pasado. La violencia autónoma desvaloriza moralmente a las víctimas y reduce la responsabilidad moral de los atacantes, poniendo en peligro las restricciones al uso de la fuerza militar.
Recibido: 31 mayo 2024 Aceptado: 25 septiembre 2024
Human rights, vulnerability and artificial intelligence: an analysis in constitutional perspective
Authors: Castellanos Claramunt Jorge
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human rights from a constitutional perspective, focusing on the vulnerability of certain groups in the face of technological advances. After an introduction contextualising the relevance of the topic, human rights in the technological context are examined, with a particular focus on the vulnerability of certain groups. An assessment is made of the areas of special protection for these people in relation to the use of AI, and discrimination arising from algorithmic biases is discussed. The conclusions highlight the need for legal research in the field of AI to focus on ensuring that technological progress does not undermine human rights acquired over time. The importance of protecting vulnerable groups, whose vital development may be disproportionately affected by the impact of AI, is emphasised. It identifies areas where the advancement of AI may generate adverse effects on citizens’ rights, underlining the importance of adapting this technological progress to the protection of human rights. It also highlights the risk of algorithmic biases in the processing of personal data, highlighting the need to protect the privacy and data of individuals as fundamental elements to ensure an AI that respects human rights. It concludes that only an AI that respects these rights can contribute to a more advanced and just society, based on democratic principles.
Received: 08 April 2024Accepted: 16 September 2024
The systematics of the European Artificial Intelligence Act in the context of the fundamental rights of the Union: the myth of the digital constitutionalism
Authors: Lasa López Ainhoa
Published: December 2024

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) bases on data driven and machine learning have been at the centre of debates on the implications of certain uses of this technology on fundamental rights in terms of individual and social risks. At the national level, reflections on whether or not AI systems have their own ontological determinism seem to have come up against the obstacles of the staticity of constitutional frameworks that are still analogical. In the European legal order, the most disruptive digital effects of the so-called knowledge economy on the subject and his or her rights seem to be conditioned by the telos of the centrality of the human being in his/her objective-axial dimension (guarantee of the Union’s values) and subjective dimension (protection of the Union’s fundamental rights). The European Union Artificial Intelligence Act would be its most recent legal-normative concretisation, in line with other norms of secondary law that would outline the dynamics of the so-called digital constitutionalism.
Received: 28 May 2024Accepted: 12 September 2024
Facing fundamental rights in the age of preventive ex ante AI: a contemporary form of discrimination
Authors: García-Berrio Hernández María Teresa
Published: December 2024

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly integrated into the social fabric of contemporary communities, ethical considerations surrounding their impact on fundamental rights have come to the fore. Indeed, the growing significance of AI has recently prompted a pivotal discourse within academic and policy circles in Europe concerning the development of an ethical framework for human-centric AI. As part of a broader research project examining the implications of AI on fundamental rights, particularly the right to non-discrimination, our objective is to present a preliminary overview of fundamental rights’ risk management in the context of AI. In light of the significant impact of AI on vulnerable individuals and minorities, our discussion will subsequently address critical areas of concern related to the EU AI Act, including algorithmic bias and its constituent elements of discrimination based on ethnicity or religion.
Received: 06 June 2024 Accepted: 22 November 2024
Opportunities and challenges of AI chatbots for digital youth information, advice, and counselling services in Europe
Authors: Escamilla Alonso , Gonzalo Paula
Published: December 2024

New technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), applications and platforms are becoming more common in youth services and non-formal education, with chatbots being key examples. However, many chatbots often fail to take into account the profiles, requirements and rights of young users leading to potential risks such as biases, polarization, and low data protection standards. In carrying out this research, a literature review was done to determine the history of youth services in Europe and the prevalence of chatbots. A series of interviews with representatives of organizations that either represented young people or provided youth services at the European level were held to share their experiences and describe the key features needed for a correct use of chatbots on youth services. This study highlights the practical possibilities and limitations of AI chatbots, and the need to codesign AI tools with youth organizations and young people in order to minimize threats and maximize the effectiveness of digital youth information, advice, and counselling services in Europe.
Received: 30 May 2024 Accepted: 22 October 2024
Ética, desafíos y riesgos del acceso a la justicia algorítmica
Authors: Fernández Rozas José Carlos
Published: December 2024

Socialmente, la IA suscita preocupaciones sobre la privacidad de las partes en conflicto, así como interrogantes sobre la transparencia, precisión y confiabilidad de los algoritmos utilizados en los procesos judiciales. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar los avances de la IA y sus repercusiones en los derechos humanos desde las perspectivas social y jurídica, proporcionando elementos para abordar los eventuales retos del aumento del uso de sus diferentes aplicaciones. Partiendo de sus inmensas posibilidades se sostiene que las tales aplicaciones de IA pueden ayudar a la sociedad, pero llamando la atención de las diferentes cuestiones jurídicas y la complejidad asociada derivadas en la profesión legal, analizando sus ventajas, riesgos y futuras perspectivas profesionales. Se anticipa un cambio en las tareas profesionales, donde las actividades repetitivas serán menos valoradas, mientras que la consultoría y el asesoramiento jurídico adquirirán mayor importancia, exigiendo de los conocimientos técnico–jurídicos adaptados al desarrollo tecnológico. En términos de ética profesional, los operadores jurídicos deben entender las capacidades y riesgos de la IA, teniendo en cuenta que las actuales normas deontológicas ser actualizadas para abordar sus particularidades.
Recibido: 19 mayo 2024 Aceptado: 08 agosto 2024
Los MASC como derecho humano para optar por otra forma de justicia y la IA como vía para facilitar su efectividad
Authors: Vall Rius Ana María
Published: December 2024

El acrónimo MASC (Medios Adecuados de Solución de Controversias) engloba un conjunto de metodologías de gestión pacífica de conflictos que suponen una nueva forma de entender la justicia, en la cual los propios ciudadanos se implican directamente en la búsqueda de soluciones constructivas. Por ello los compromisos que se alcanzan, además de ser consensuados, responden mejor a las necesidades y circunstancias de cada persona, de cada caso y situación. Numerosos expertos en la materia entienden que, poder optar por la aplicación efectiva de alguno de estos métodos para gestionar las discrepancias y conflictos interpersonales, es un derecho que ha de estar al alcance y a la disposición de todas las personas sin ningún tipo de discriminación u obstáculo insalvable, al igual que el derecho de acceso a la Justicia, ya que estos métodos ofrecen un nuevo sentido a la vieja expresión de “hacer justicia”. Por ello es necesario contar con sistemas de la llamada Inteligencia Artificial (IA) que faciliten que este nuevo paradigma pueda hacerse realidad también en situaciones en las cuales, por diversas circunstancias, el encuentro personal presencial entre las partes en conflicto no es factible o no es deseable.
Recibido: 29 mayo 2024 Aceptado: 22 noviembre 2024
Desafíos ético-jurídicos en el uso de Inteligencia Artificial para el tratamiento masivo de datos biométricos
Authors: Cuadrado Gamarra Nuria
Published: December 2024

El artículo examina la intersección entre la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y el tratamiento masivo de datos biométricos, resaltando desafíos éticos y jurídicos emergentes. Comienza contextualizando el uso creciente de la IA en sistemas que emplean datos biométricos, como reconocimiento facial, huellas dactilares, escaneo del iris y voz. Se analiza la complejidad en la recopilación, almacenamiento y uso de datos biométricos a gran escala, enfocándose en la privacidad, la seguridad y el consentimiento informado. También aborda los sesgos y sus implicaciones, destacando posibles impactos discriminatorios y los desafíos para salvaguardar los derechos fundamentales en estos sistemas.
Recibido: 31 mayo 2024 Aceptado: 04 agosto 2024
Cotino, Lorenzo y Jorge Castellanos, eds. 2023. Algoritmos abiertos y que no discriminen en el sector público. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch. 292 p.
Authors: Iturmendi Rubia José Miguel
Published: December 2024

El libro "Algoritmos abiertos y que no discriminen en el sector público", editado por Lorenzo Cotino Hueso y Jorge Castellanos Claramunt, examina los desafíos éticos, legales y sociales que plantea la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la administración pública. La obra aborda riesgos como la opacidad, los sesgos algorítmicos y las decisiones automatizadas que pueden vulnerar derechos fundamentales. A través de un enfoque interdisciplinario, propone soluciones como evaluaciones de impacto algorítmico, auditorías periódicas, supervisión humana y registros públicos para garantizar transparencia y rendición de cuentas. Destaca normativas internacionales como el Reglamento Europeo de IA aprobado por la UE y modelos prácticos como el de Canadá, aplicables a España. Los capítulos también analizan sectores específicos, como justicia y sanidad, y casos prácticos como el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona. La obra ofrece herramientas para diseñar sistemas de IA responsables y respetuosos con los derechos humanos, promoviendo una gobernanza algorítmica ética y eficaz.
Inteligencia Artificial y Derechos Humanos: desafíos y oportunidades en la era digital. Introducción al monográfico
Authors: Iturmendi Rubia José Miguel
Published: December 2024

El artículo analiza la relación entre la inteligencia artificial (IA) y los derechos humanos en el contexto de la era digital, destacando los retos y oportunidades que plantea su desarrollo acelerado. Se examina cómo la IA impacta en ámbitos como la privacidad, la igualdad y la libertad, abordando riesgos asociados, como los sesgos algorítmicos, la vigilancia masiva y la manipulación informativa. También se enfatiza la necesidad de garantizar un marco ético y regulatorio robusto, especialmente a través de iniciativas como el Reglamento Europeo de Inteligencia Artificial (RIA), que busca proteger los derechos fundamentales y anticipar problemas éticos. El texto subraya el potencial transformador de la IA en sectores como la salud, la educación y la justicia, pero advierte sobre su impacto negativo en grupos vulnerables y en la gobernanza democrática. Finalmente, se proponen recomendaciones, incluyendo fortalecer la regulación, proteger datos personales y fomentar tecnologías inclusivas y responsables.
Therapeutic Effect of Exercise on Mental Health
Authors: Parlakyıldız Sinem
Published: December 2024

Mental health is an integral part of well-being and a fundamental human right. It is known that a substantial number of people worldwide struggle with mental illness, and a large proportion of these individuals live in low- and middle-income countries. Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health problems. Considering the positive effects of exercise on neurobiological mechanisms, it can be considered as an alternative or complementary therapy in the treatment of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. Exercise also increases neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, improves cognitive function, and protects brain health, reducing the risk of various neurological diseases. By regulating levels of neurochemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, exercise positively affects mood and can lead to favorable emotional and behavioral changes. The use of exercise as a nonpharmacological treatment option has important advantages such as ease of access, low cost, and low risk of adverse effects. In conclusion, exercise is a safe, accessible, and inexpensive nonpharmacological therapeutic option that provides neurobiological benefits and can play a crucial role in mental health treatment and promotion. Integrating exercise into clinical practice is important to improve treatment success and patient outcomes.
Waqfnomic Based on Muna Culture as an Alternative Model of Islamic Philanthropy
Authors: Insawan Husain , Alwahidin Alwahidin , Rahman Muljibir , Sahlan Sahlan , Putri Azzahrah Insawan
Published: December 2024

The potential for Waqf in Indonesia is huge, as in the case of Muna Regency. This research explains the problems of Waqf in the Muna cultural approach. The aim is to analyze the problems of waqf institutions in a religious and cultural context. The research method used is qualitative, and it looks at the unique cultural paradigm in waqf land management. This research source uses primary data by conducting interviews with the main actors of Waqf, traditional leaders, religious leaders, and leaders of religious institutions. Secondarily, data is obtained from sources or other supporting parties related to the research object, such as reference books, monographs, proceedings, research reports, and journals. The researcher offers a Waqfnomic Model, namely Economic-Cultural Waqf or culture-based Waqf, whose implementation involves traditional and religious leaders and can be displayed online using information technology, making it more millennial, simple, and easy to access. Access is right on target and legally friendly.