bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolutionizing energy payments: The role of fintech in streamlining transactions
Authors: Syed Tanveer Alam
Published: June 2024

In today's rapidly evolving financial landscape, financial technology (FinTech) is playing a pivotal role in transforming the way energy payments are processed and managed. This review delves into the ways in which FinTech is revolutionizing traditional energy payment practices, enhancing efficiency, security, transparency of payment processes, and accessibility for both consumers and businesses, as well as streamlining transactions. By examining the integration of FinTech solutions with energy payment systems, this paper explores how technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, digital wallets, and mobile applications are streamlining transactions, reducing costs, and improving overall user experiences. By leveraging these technologies, companies in the energy industry can streamline transactions, mitigate fraud, and improve overall customer experience. The integration of FinTech in energy payments is paving the way for a more secure, convenient, and interconnected ecosystem that is reshaping the way energy transactions are conducted. The paper explores how FinTech impacts customer experiences through digital platforms and real-time transactions. It also highlights FinTech's potential to drive innovation in energy payment services and promote sustainability. Regulatory considerations, collaboration opportunities, and future trends in energy payments are discussed. The rise of new banking models like neobanks and collaborative relationships between traditional banks and FinTech startups are also examined. Overall, the paper offers valuable insights into FinTech's transformative potential in revolutionizing energy payments and shaping the future of the energy sector and streamlining transactions.
Pure open irreducible dislocation of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb: About two cases
Authors: Bienvenu Jean Celien OKOUANGO  , Mohamed FARGOUCH  , Anas RGUIBI  , Oussama EL ADAOUI  , Driss BENNOUNA  , Mustapha FADILI
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Thumb interphalangeal joint dislocations, although rare, have a significant impact on grip function. In case of irreducible dislocation, the interposition in the volar plate complicates immediate reduction. Open-air interventions are then necessary to allow a solid repair and rapid recovery. Observation: We report the observation of two young patients who presented with open thumb trauma in whom after clinical and radiological investigation, the diagnosis of irreducible dislocation was retained. Results: One year postoperatively, patients were clinically evaluated and showed a significant reduction in pain as well as full recovery of movement, strength, and functional abilities. Discussion: Pure open dislocation of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb is rare, with cases of irreducibility often reported. Anatomic factors such as the volar plate and flexor pollicis longus interposition may contribute to irreducibility, as can the presence of an imprisoned sesamoid bone. Although cases of irreducibility associating these three lesions are rare, their management varies between authors, with some recommending repair of the ligament complex, while others opt for immobilization after reduction, depending on the stability of the ligament. joint. Conclusion: Thumb interphalangeal dislocations are uncommon, and open cases are even rarer. Immediate reduction is often difficult due to irreducibility, thus requiring surgical intervention to achieve optimal functional recovery.
Secure Messaging Application Using Java Cryptographic Architecture (JCA)
Authors: Oladipupo Dopamu  , Chika Okonkwo  , Samuel Adeniji  , Femi Oke
Published: June 2024

In today's digital era, ensuring the security and privacy of online communications has become paramount. With the increasing prevalence of cyber threats, the need for robust solutions to protect sensitive information is more critical than ever. This paper presents the development of a Secure Messaging Application that leverages the Java Cryptographic Architecture (JCA) to address these security concerns. The application integrates a suite of cryptographic techniques, including symmetric key encryption, asymmetric key encryption, cryptographic hashes, and digital signatures, to guarantee the confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation of messages exchanged between users. The Secure Messaging App employs symmetric key encryption to securely encode messages, while asymmetric key encryption is used for safe key exchange and to ensure that only the intended recipient can decrypt the messages. Cryptographic hashes provide a means to verify the integrity of the messages, ensuring that they have not been altered during transmission. Digital signatures are used to authenticate the sender, thereby preventing any denial of having sent the message and ensuring its authenticity.
Diagnostic efficacy of dual energy CT in differentiating intracerebral hemorrhage from iodinated contrast material staining
Authors: Shadab Kanwal  , Misbah Durrani  , Zainab Nasir  , Ummarah Kamran  , Salman Abdul Qayyum  , Asim Javed  , Hareem Ata  , Atoofah Azmat
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of dual energy CT in early differentiating intracerebral hemorrhage from iodinated contrast material staining. Materials and methods: In this study 46 patients with acute stroke who had undergone recent mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous administration of iodinated contrast material were evaluated on dual energy CT scan (DECT) at 80 and 150kV, to differentiate areas of hyperattenuation secondary to contrast material staining from those representing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Mixed images, virtual unenhanced images (VNC) and iodine overlay maps (IOM) were obtained. Follow up imaging after 24 and 48 hours on conventional CT were used as the standard of reference. A hyperattenuation only seen on VNC image was classified as hemorrhage. A hyperattenuation only seen on iodine map was deemed as contrast. Results: Mixed images obtained with Dual energy CT showed intra-parenchymal hyperattenuation in 46 patients. Out of these 46 hyperattenuations, iodine staining(n=31,67%), ICH(n=7,15%) and both(n=8,17%)--2 of the 8 areas of hyperattenuation on both VNC and IOM were due to mineralization. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Dual energy CT in the identifying hemorrhage was calculated as 100 %( 7of 7areas), 93 %( 31 of 33 areas) and 95 %( 38 of 40 areas) respectively. Conclusion: DECT has high sensitivity and specificity and allows accurate differentiation between ICH and iodine staining after recent stroke intervention without employing extra radiation. Hence, allows prompt administration of anti- platelet therapy in case of no ICH, when clinically indicated.
Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown widths of mandibular molar teeth in adult Sudanese and their clinical correlations
Authors: Mahmoud Sheikh-Mohamed Satte
Published: June 2024

Background and significance: Teeth are the hardest tissues in the human body and preserve their original characteristics for an extended period after death. Measurements of teeth have been used in forensic medicine to determine gender identity, and can help orthodontists and dentistry students with their practical assignments. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of measuring crown dimensions in the mesiodistal and buccolingual directions in adult Sudanese mandibular molars. Materials and methods: A total of 120 healthy extracted mandibular molar teeth were collected from 60 male and 60 female Sudanese adults who attended dental hospitals for different molar tooth extraction conditions in Khartoum, Sudan. Each extracted molar tooth was preserved in a bottle containing 200 ml of 10% formalin solution. The crown teeth were measured mesiodistally and buccolingually, using Vernier calipers. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: Our findings showed that the mean values of the crown width of the molar teeth were larger for men than that of the females. The mean value of the mesiodistal crown width was wider than that of the buccolingual crown width for mandibular molar teeth of adult Sudanese. Conclusion: The crown measurements for adult Sudanese molar teeth varied by size and sex, and these variations may be useful in forensic medicine, dental, and orthodontics.
Exploring the therapeutic effects of Pinianuga Vidhi and Pathiyam practices on premenstrual syndromes and menstrual cramps in young women: A three-month intervention study
Authors: Shanthi Thiruppathi chettiar Muthusamy  , Bernaitis Lazer  , Suganya Chithuraju  , Mona Balamurugan  , Amirtha Varshini Moorthy
Published: June 2024

Premenstrual syndromes (PMS) and menstrual cramps are common issues affecting the quality of life for many women worldwide. Traditional systems of medicine, such as Siddha, offer holistic approaches to address such concerns. Siddha medicine, originating from ancient Tamil Nadu in India, emphasizes the use of natural remedies and lifestyle modifications to maintain health and treat ailments. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of Pinianuga Vidhi, a traditional Siddha practice, combined with Pathiyam dietary and lifestyle modifications, on PMS and menstrual cramps in young women. Twenty girls aged between 20-25 years experiencing PMS and menstrual cramps were surveyed. They were advised to follow the Pinianuga Vidhi procedure, which involves applying pure gingely oil from toe to head and taking oil baths twice in 8 days, specifically on Tuesday and Friday. Additionally, participants were recommended to adhere to Pathiyam practices, including dietary restrictions such as avoiding non-vegetarian foods, spicy foods, junk foods, and refraining from daytime sleep, heavy exercises, and heavy work. This intervention was followed for a duration of three months. Results indicated a reduction in menstrual cramps and PMS symptoms in the majority of surveyed girls following the intervention. The holistic approach combining Pinianuga Vidhi and Pathiyam practices from the Siddha system of medicine offers a promising alternative for managing menstrual discomfort and improving overall well-being in young women. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Siddha interventions on menstrual health.
Achievements of rheumatology in the XXI century: contribution of Russian rheumatology
Authors: Nasonov I. L. , Lila A. М.
Published: June 2024

Rheumatology is one of the most rapidly developing medical specialties, which eﬀectively adapts achievements and contributes to the progress of the world fundamental and clinical medical science [1]. Such immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IVRS) both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are not only the most severe chronic inflammatory human diseases, but also “models” for studying the fundamental mechanisms of pathogenesis and approaches to pharmacotherapy of other diseases associated with the development of autoimmunity and/or auto-inflammation. The relevance of the problem of IVR for modern medicine is determined by their high prevalence in the population, the diﬃculty of early diagnosis, the rapid development of disability and an unfavorable life prognosis. Deciphering the mechanisms of immunopathogenesis, improving diagnostics, molecular taxonomy, developing approaches to prevention, searching for new “targets” of IVR therapy based on “omix” technologies and artificial intelligence are among the priority areas of biology and medicine of the XXI century.
Systemic vasculitis: a modern view on the problem
Authors: Murkamilov I. T. , Aitbaev K. A. , Fomin V. V. , Yusupova T. F. , Yusupova Z. F. , Yusupov F. A. , Ibragimova T. M.
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study was to summarize the literature data on various types of systemic vasculitis, their mechanisms of development, diagnostic possibilities, and to describe a clinical case. Systemic vasculitis is a group of diseases with heterogeneous etiology, which involve vessels of diﬀerent calibers, predominantly small and/or medium, manifesting as multi-organ dysfunction, diﬃcult to treat, and with a poor prognosis. Currently, the following types are distinguished: large vessel vasculitis; medium vessel vasculitis; small vessel vasculitis; variable vessel vasculitis; single-organ vasculitis; vasculitis associated with systemic diseases; vasculitis associated with specific etiology. In the clinic of internal medicine, kidney involvement (glomeruloand tubulopathies, renal insuﬃciency), skin (ulcerative-necrotic and trophic changes), lungs (interstitial involvement, respiratory insuﬃciency, recurrent pneumonias), and central nervous system (acute ischemic events, thromboses, polyneuropathies, cognitive disorders, gait disturbances), heart (myocarditis with heart failure) are most commonly encountered. Systemic vasculitis most often manifests in winter and spring periods. Hemorrhagic vasculitis and Kawasaki disease are most commonly seen among children and young adults. In the post-COVID era, systemic vasculitis has been detected more frequently. The study presents the results of personal observation of a patient suﬀering from infectious-toxic systemic vasculitis.
Study of respiratory function of the lungs in smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mikhailovicheva A. I. , Smirnov V. V. , Struchkov P. V. , Nosenko N. S. , Sotnikova A. G. , Dyachkova E. O. , Divakova T. I. , Bazhenova-Bessonova Yu. A. , Manichev I. A.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the use of methods for assessing lung respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smokers.

The aim of the study is a comparative evaluation of the informative value of capnometry, spirometry, multiple breath nitrogen washout method, and diﬀusion test in patients with COPD, as well as an early detection of respiratory function impairment in smokers.

Results. Three groups of patients were examined: 1st — 30 patients with moderately severe COPD, average age 50.6 ± 4.3 years, 2nd — 30 smokers, average age 45.6 ± 2.4 years, 3rd (control group) — 30 practically healthy non-smokers, average age 45.6 ± 2.4 years. Capnometry showed a statistically significant increase in the slope of the alveolar phase in patients with COPD compared to the control group and smokers at rest, both before and after bronchodilator use. Significant diﬀerences between smokers and control groups were detected during forced exhalation. According to spirometry data, the FEV1/FVC ratio in patients with COPD was statistically significantly lower compared to the control group and smokers, both before and after bronchodilator use. Diﬀusion capacity was significantly lower in patients with COPD and smokers compared to the control group. The lung clearance index was significantly higher in the COPD group compared to the other two groups.

Conclusions. All the mentioned methods were informative in patients with COPD, but capnometry and lung diﬀusion capacity assessment were sensitive methods in smokers, revealing uneven distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lungs and impaired gas exchange function.
Comparative characteristics of the nasal airflow aerodynamic parameters in patients with nasal septum deformation and healthy participants
Authors: Sagandykova N. S. , Baurzhan M. B. , Shbair M. I. , Papulova N. M. , Kasenova D. S. , Aigozhina B. Kh.
Published: June 2024

Surgical treatment of nasal septum deviation or deformity (NSD) is a common method of treatment. The quality of treatment is assessed visually with rhinoscopy, taking into account subjective patient sensations. However, there are still no objective criteria for assessing nasal airflow improvement, which complicates the evaluation of patient breathing after treatment. We used a novel CFD modeling method to create a virtual airflow model and determine flow parameters in the nasal cavity in normal and pathological conditions.

Objective: to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of airflow in patients with NSD and healthy nasal cavities.

Material and methods: the study used electronic files of computed tomography scans of the nasal sinuses of 60 patients with NSD and 21 healthy participants. Specific software (3D slicer, Ansys Fluent) was used to obtain airflow parameters; 3D models of the nasal cavity airflow were created, and CFD flow modeling was conducted.

Results: in patients with NSD, flow velocity ranged from 5.17 to 15.63 m/s, in healthy individuals from 1.1 to 2.0 m/s; pressure force on the nasal walls ranged from 2.20 to 10.20 Pa in patients with NSD, in healthy individuals from 0.60 to 1.00 Pa; flow temperature ranged from 26.45 to 36.80 °C in patients with NSD, in healthy individuals from 20.14 to 24.40 °C; flow partial pressure ranged from –120.60 to –0.01 Pa in patients with NSD, in healthy individuals from 2.00 to –4.80 Pa, p < 0.0001. Conclusion: Aerodynamic characteristics of nasal cavity airflow in patients with nasal septum deviation significantly diﬀer from those in healthy individuals. The application of CFD modeling of nasal airflow will assist clinicians in objectively assessing nasal breathing in NSD, as well as surgical treatment outcomes and quality assessment in otorhinolaryngological practice.
COVID-19 and diabetes: health risks
Authors: Sokolova E. S. , Palamarenko M. A. , Osipov A. A. , Chaulin A. M. , Eliseeva E. V. , Koryakin E. S.
Published: June 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many familiar processes had to be adapted due to various restrictions and high workload on healthcare workers. In particular, to reduce the risk of coronavirus infection, remote patient care technologies have been used more frequently. This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions on access to free educational courses on diabetes, disease dynamics, and patient awareness of necessary treatment methods. Changes in patient satisfaction with online learning compared to traditional face-to-face formats were studied, as well as changes in medication adherence with regular education and consultations. The authors described possible reasons for changes in the eﬀectiveness of education and proposed measures to optimize treatment processes and patient information in Russia. The study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in patient participation in educational programs on diabetes. This could have been due to fear of infection, lack of awareness of such programs, and socio-economic inequality.
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Kalenchits T. I. , Kabak S. L. , Didenko N. S. , Glushko I. V.
Published: June 2024

Due to the non-specificity of a number of clinical manifestations of Addison’s disease, the diagnosis of primary adrenal insuﬃciency in general therapeutic profile hospitals causes certain diﬃculties. The article presents a clinical case of diagnosing primary adrenal insuﬃciency in combination with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypogonadism as a manifestation of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Signs of Addison’s disease included hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes of the oral cavity, as well as low cortisol levels and an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) concentration, detected in the blood serum antibodies to thyroperoxidase — a specific marker of autoimmune thyroid gland damage. A positive result of the test for autoantibodies to steroid-producing cells indicated functional ovarian insuﬃciency.
Syncope in children and adolescents in sports medicine
Authors: Balykova L. A. , Ivyanskiy S. A. , Soldatov Yu. O. , Shablinova T. S. , Shirmankina M. V. , Duvayarova T. M. , Durnaikina D. V. , Shabunina Yu. S.
Published: June 2024

The clinical case of a neuro-mediated syncope episode in a sports-active adolescent is presented. The diﬀerential diagnosis included the following conditions: cardiomyopathy induced by physical factors, sinus node dysfunction, and sinus node weakness syndrome. After conducting necessary laboratory and instrumental investigations (ECG, echocardiography, 24-hour ECG monitoring, and exercise stress test), these conditions were excluded. The patient was discharged to outpatient care with recommendations for non-pharmacological syncope prevention.
Military doctors in the elimination of the Manchurian plague epidemic
Authors: Krynyukov P. E. , Abashin V. G. , Simonenko V. B. , Dulin P. A.
Published: June 2024

The article provides information about the last plague epidemic in history, which occurred in Manchuria in 1910 along the Chinese Eastern Railway. The main focus of this publication is on the biographical data of Russian doctors from anti-plague units.
Forgotten faces of the First World War: Alexandra Petrovna Filippova
Authors: Abashin V. G. , Dulin P. A.
Published: June 2024

The article reveals the identity of the senior sister of mercy of the Community of Sisters of Mercy named after M.P. Kaufman, Alexandra Petrovna Filippova, depicted in the photograph of 1915.
Meretas Jalan Pembebasan: Hermeneutik Silang Budaya antara Cerita Rakyat Perempuan-Perempuan Pelarian dan Ratu Wasti
Authors: Ressa Yosia Polando , Tumbelaka-van Munster Cindy Cecilia , Arulangi Ronald
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The topic discussed in this article is the issue of gender justice related to sex discrimination and violence in a patriarchal society, where women lose their inspiring voice. Christian women can look for values in the Bible, but sometimes they only find that women's voices that are very weak because of patriarchal gender bias. They can trace their path of searching for spiritual riches in their oral traditions, namely folklore. Based on this background, this article offers a cross-cultural reading of the Bible between the authority of values originating from folklore and other local wisdom, and the authority of the Bible as the basis for church teaching. The cultural context of Mamasa and the stories of “Runaway Women” will be in dialogue with the story of Queen Vashti in the book of Esther. As the result, women's struggle in seeking gender justice can be achieved if relationships and networks of empowering power are built with other women around them.Abstrak. Topik yang didiskusikan dalam tulisan ini adalah seputar persoalan keadilan gender terkait diskriminasi seks dan kekerasan dalam masyarakat yang patriarkhal, di mana perempuan kehilangan suara inspirasinya. Para perempuan Kristen dapat saja mencari-cari pijakan nilai  dalam Akitab, namun terkadang hanya menemukan kenyataan bahwa suara-suara perempuan di sana sangat lemah karena bias gender yang patriarkhal. Mereka dapat menyusuri jalan pencarian mereka dalam kekayaan spiritual dalam tradisi lisan mereka, yaitu cerita rakyat. Dengan latar belakang tersebut, tulisan ini menawarkan pembacaan Alkitab silang budaya antara otoritas nilai yang bersumber dari cerita rakyat dan kearifan lokal lainnya, dan otoritas Alkitab sebagai dasar pengajaran gereja. Konteks kultural Mamasa dan cerita “Perempuan-perempuan Pelarian” akan didialogkan dengan kisah Ratu Wasti dalam kitab Ester. Hasilnya, perjuangan perempuan dalam mengusahakan keadilan gender apabila terbangun relasi dan jejaring kekuatan pemberdaya dengan perempuan lain di sekitarnya.
The Implications of AI Powered Design Innovation in Emerging Industries
Authors: Bobde Tanishqa
Published: June 2024

In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, human-
centred design offers the potential for positive change. Navigating the complexities of emerging fields in a B2B setting poses an opportunity to mindfully combine AI and human approaches and expedite the process, from context and user research to ideation.
AI and Risk Management: The Critical Role of Service Designers: Guiding organisations toward responsible AI adoption
Authors: Carman Erin Lee , Fragnière Emmanuel , Sitten Marshall
Published: June 2024

The growing hype around AI follows an all-too-familiar pattern: the desire by organisations to supplant human expertise with technological tools. Service designers have a crucial role to play here as informal risk managers, guiding organisations toward an adoption of AI that enhances, rather than replaces, the human element in service.
Trend Map: A Bibliometric Exploration of the Utilization of Chemical Education Bulletins in the Digital Age
Authors: Ahmar Dewi Satria , Azzajjad Muhammad Fath
Published: June 2024

A bibliometric analysis of research on the theme of chemical education bulletin from 2020 to 2024 found 49 scientific articles published during the period. The 365 total citations, with an average of 7.45, indicate that this research has been widely discussed and noticed in other scientific literature. The main results show that the trend of scientific research for the term "chemistry education bulletin" is learning, with an emphasis on the creation of new teaching methods, effective learning strategies, and innovations in chemistry education. There is indeed a strong interest in improving the quality of chemistry learning and teaching.
Studi Literatur: Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Materi Kimia SMA
Authors: Pristiana Chofifah Puji , Safitri Hasna Hanifah , Rahmawan Setia
Published: June 2024

The aim of this research is to characterize the extent to which the discovery learning model can improve student learning outcomes in high school chemistry material and the impact of this model on classroom learning. This research employs a descriptive-qualitative literature study methodology, based on the publication of scientific journal articles. The findings of this research indicate that the discovery learning model, when applied in each cycle, will improve learning outcomes, thus indicating that this model may be a substitute for conventional chemistry teaching methods. However, this model also requires reflection, adjustment, and continuous improvement in the learning process
Sintesis Metil Ester sebagai Biodie¬sel Minyak Biji Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L.) melalui Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi
Authors: Lailatusholihah Isna , Suganda Angga , Mahardika Micha , Prastiwi Dina Alva , Situmeang Boima
Published: June 2024

Synthesis of methyl ester as biodiesel kesambi seed oil (schleichera oleosa l.) through esterification and transesterification has been successfully conducted. Kesambi seeds are one of the seeds that can produce essential oils, which is about 70%. The methods used in this study are esterification and transesterification. Characterization of methyl ester compound used H-NMR spectrometry The procedure was sample preparation, degumming, esterification, transesterification, and biodiesel quality test. The esterification process had been two steps using a methanol ratio of 20: 1. The biodiesel quality test results are not sufficient from the SNI 04-7182: 2006 standard, where the acid number is 0.718 Mg KOH / g, moisture content 0.32-0.51%, density 840 kg / m3 and viscosity 25.1 Mm2 / s.
Pengembangan Strategi Pembelajaran Model Dick and Carey Pada Materi Laju Reaksi Fase F SMA
Authors: Astari Besse Firanita , Djono Djono
Published: June 2024

The Dick and Carey model is a learning-development model. Each step in the model is systematic and sequential. There are ten steps explained by Dick and Carey, and in this article, the focus is on the sixth step, namely developing learning strategies. The educator, in this case, must design an effective strategy for every learning process to ensure it effectively achieves the expected goals. This article examines various relevant literature as a foundation for designing chemistry learning as a reference for the development of chemistry students, for example, in high school F-phase reaction rate material. The results of the development of the Dick and Carey model learning strategy on reaction rate material show the components of teaching, testing, and follow-up of the learning strategy. In addition, constructivism incorporates learning strategies as an integral part of its teaching methodology. This article provides a complete understanding of designing learning strategies specifically for chemistry subjects using the Dick and Carey model
Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Pencelupan Kertas Selulosa Hidrofobik pada Larutan Komposit SiO2-Kitosan-Grafena Terhadap Mikrosturktur
Authors: Afrilla Sonya , Ratnawulan Ratnawulan , Jonuarti Riri , Ulfa Jhora Fadila
Published: June 2024

Air dan minyak merupakan salah satu sumber bagi kehidupan. Namun, ada beberapa faktor penyebab terjadinya limbah berminyak, satu satunya limbah rumah tangga. Permasalahan ini perlu ditangani salah satunya dengan menggunakan membran yang dilapisi larutan komposit, larutan komposit yang dapat digunakan yaitu SiO2-kitosan-grafena. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Dip-Coating (pencelupan). Proses pencelupan dilakukan dengan beberapa variasi jumlah pencelupan diantaranya 1 kali, 3 kali, 5 kali, dan 7 kali. Pengujian kertas selulosa komposit dilakukan dengan alat karakterisasi XRD, hal ini bertujuan untuk melihat ukuran kristal dan lebar puncak. Hasil 1 kali pencelupan SiO2= 41,49 nm, kitosan= 41,56 nm, grafena= 32,85 nm, variasi 3 kali perendaman SiO2=41,43 nm, kitosan= 45,72 nm, grafena= 32,87 nm, variasi 5 kali pencelupan SiO2= 31,06 nm, kitosan= 34,38 nm, grafena= 32,85 nm, variasi 7 kali pencelupan SiO2= 31,06 nm, kitosan= 34,34, grafena= 37,55 nm
Why do children from age four fail true belief tasks? A decision experiment testing competence versus performance limitation accounts
Authors: Schidelko Lydia Paulin , rakoczy hannes
Published: June 2024

The developmental litmus test of Theory of Mind is the false belief (FB) task in which children have to represent how another agent misrepresents the world. Children typically start mastering this task around age four. The standard interpretation is that this marks the ontogenetic emergence of full-fledged meta-representational Theory of Mind. Recently, however, a puzzling finding has emerged that challenges this standard interpretation: Once children master the FB task, they begin to fail true belief (TB) control tasks (analogous to FB tasks with the exception that the agent has full informational access and thus veridical beliefs). This finding threatens the validity of the standard FB tasks and thus stands in urgent need of explanation. Here, we test two prominent explanatory approaches against each other. The perceptual access reasoning account is a competence limitation account. It assumes that children at age four do not yet engage in meta-representation, but only in simpler heuristics (“if an agent has perceptual access to relevant event, she knows and then acts successfully; otherwise she acts unsuccessfully”). These heuristics produce false positives: they allow children to perform correctly on FB tasks for the wrong reasons, but they make them fail TB tasks. In contrast, the pragmatics approach is a performance limitation account. It suggests that children at age four do have meta-representational Theory of Mind but are confused by pragmatic task factors of the TB task (involving utterly trivial, academic test questions about the beliefs of an agent in the absence of the possibility of any mis-representation etc.). The current study tested competing predictions of both accounts against each other. To this end, different versions of the TB task were implemented that systematically varied in task features deemed relevant by the two accounts. Results from 165 four- to seven-year-olds reveal that the basic TB effect (children from age four on pass FB and fail TB tasks) could be replicated but disappeared once TB tasks were modified: children mastered both FB and TB tasks when the latter were adapted in terms of heuristic and pragmatic factors. Importantly, this pattern held in conditions in which the pragmatics account predicts success, but the perceptual access account predicts failure. Overall, the present findings thus corroborate the standard picture (children use meta-representational ToM from age four, at the latest) and suggest that difficulties with TB tasks merely reflect pragmatic performance factors.
Actual and Ideal Affective Correlates of Risk for Bipolar Disorder: Cultural Similarities and Differences
Authors: Gruber June , Raila Hannah , Tsai Jeanne
Published: June 2024

Decades of research have documented the links between affective traits and clinical symptoms. Most of these studies have focused on “actual affect,” or how people typically feel on average. In two studies (Study 1; n=343; Study 2; n=906), we examined the links between “ideal affect,” or how people ideally want to feel on average, and risk for bipolar disorder (BD). In addition, we begin to examine the role of culture by including European Americans, Asian Americans, and Hong Kong Chinese in Study 2. BD risk was associated with increased actual high-arousal positive affect across the two studies and within each cultural group in Study 2, suggesting cultural similarities in the relationship between BD risk and actual affect. In contrast, associations between BD risk and ideal affect varied across studies and cultural groups. While valuation of HAP was associated with increased risk of BD in Study 1, this association did not emerge within the specific cultural groups in Study 2. Moreover, whereas BD risk was associated with increased valuation of high arousal negative states for Asian-American and Hong Kong Chinese, and decreased valuation of low arousal positive states for Hong Kong Chinese, neither relationship emerged for European Americans. These findings suggest cultural similarities in BD risk associations with actual affect, but cultural differences in BD risk associations with ideal affect.
The Role of Dysmenorrhea in Women's Menstrual Self-Efficacy: A Review
Authors: Ding Yu , Yutong Cao , Cao Yutong , Yan Xiong
Published: June 2024

This review explores the relationship between dysmenorrhea and menstrual self-efficacy, focusing on current research, the development of a new cross-cultural menstrual self-efficacy scale for female university students, and future research directions. Dysmenorrhea, characterized by painful menstruation, significantly affects young women, with a global prevalence exceeding 50%. Emotional fluctuations and psychological states play a crucial role in the severity of dysmenorrhea, impacting daily activities and quality of life. Existing research indicates a significant relationship between menstruation and self-efficacy, with higher self-efficacy associated with lower anxiety and stress, improved menstrual management, and better health outcomes. Despite the development of scales like SAMNS-26 and BATM, there is a need for comprehensive tools that assess emotional control and psychosocial factors. A new menstrual self-efficacy scale developed for Chinese female university students addresses these gaps. Future research should focus on objective physiological measures, diverse populations, and the impact of lifestyle interventions and digital health technologies. Policy implications include prioritizing menstrual health education and support services.
Development and Validation of the Social Discounting Task – Short Form
Authors: Amormino Paige , Graue August , Marsh Abigail , Wilson Anne
Published: June 2024

Social discounting––defined as hyperbolic reductions in generosity as social distance increases––is becoming more widely used in psychological research as an indicator of prosocial behavior and is most commonly measured by the Social Discounting Task (SDT). However, while robust, the SDT requires subjects to make 63 dichotomous decisions, which can be cumbersome and time-consuming. Thus, we created and validated a short form version of the scale (SDT-SF) that reduces the inventory to ten items. Across two preregistered studies (n = 993), we found that the SDT-SF responses were correlated with classic SDT responses(r[study1] = .67, p < .001; r[study2] = .69, p < .001) and followed a similarly hyperbolic decay in generosity as social distance increased (logk[study1] = -3.70, p < .001; logk[study2] = -3.42, p < .001). Replicating past work, both the classic SDT and the SDT-SF were also correlated with Honesty-Humility (r[classic-SDT] = .13, p < .05; r[SDT-SF]= .13, p < .05) and Identification with All of Humanity (r[classic-SDT] = .17, p < .05; r[SDT-SF] = .17, p < .001). Our findings suggest the SDT-SF is a valid and reliable alternative measure to the SDT for investigating social discounting effects reliably and efficiently for researchers and participants.
People balance joint reward, fairness and complexity to develop social norms in a two-player game
Authors: Yu Dhara , Thompson Bill
Published: June 2024

Social norms are a hallmark of human social intelligence, yet the reasoning processes involved in norm formation have been difficult to capture with traditional modeling frameworks. We developed a computational model of norm formation as joint planning via theory-of-mind. The model is designed to capture the distinctively human ability to flexibly develop more complex norms in more complex situations, via simulation of joint decision-making with other agents over an extended time horizon. We evaluated the predictions of the model against participant interactions in a 2-player iterated decision-making task. Across 3 conditions our model captured the way participants balanced joint reward, fairness, and complexity when forming norms.
Exploration is Associated with Socioeconomic Disparities in Learning and Academic Achievement in Adolescence
Authors: Decker Alexandra , Leonard Julia , Romeo Rachel R , Itiat Joseph , Hubbard Nicholas , Bauer Clemens C.C. , Grotzinger Hannah , Giebler Melissa , Gabrieli John , Imhof Andrea
Published: June 2024

Why do adolescents from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds often underperform on tests of learning and academic achievement? Existing theories propose that these disparities reflect not only external constraints, like limited resources, but also internal decision strategies that adapt to the early environment and influence learning. These theories predict that poorer adolescents explore less and exploit more, which, in turn, reduces learning and academic achievement. However, evidence for this possibility is lacking. Here, we show that lower socioeconomic status is associated with less exploration on a reward learning task (n=124, 12-14-year-olds from the United States). Reduced exploration mediated socioeconomic differences in task performance, school grades, and, in a lower-socioeconomic status subsample, academic skills. Computational modeling revealed that reduced exploration was related to higher loss aversion. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of considering how socioeconomic status shapes not only the content of learning, but also the learning process itself, and offer a mechanistic explanation for the academic achievement gap.
In older adults resting-state alpha power is associated with stronger effects of anodal tDCS over prefrontal cortex on dynamic balance
Authors: Imani Hadis , Godde Ben
Published: June 2024

In the present research, we examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on learning a dynamic balance task (DBT) in healthy older adults (OA). In a pre-and post-test randomized crossover design, eighteen healthy OA underwent DBT training while receiving tDCS either in two real stimulation conditions or a sham stimulation condition as control. We compared two target regions for anodal (a)-tDCS (primary motor cortex, M1/Cz, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DLPFC/F3) and hypothesized that not only targeting M1 would be effective as previously shown for young adults but that, due to age-related deficiencies in cognitive control, enhancing cognitive resources through a-tDCS over left DLPFC would also facilitate dynamic balance training (DBT) in OA. Additionally, we explored changes in resting-state EEG oscillations and investigated whether practice effects could be predicted with resting-state EEG at baseline. Our results revealed that in the F3 condition, OA performed better than in the other two stimulation conditions (Cz, sham). Further, our results confirmed a negative transfer effect on untrained static balance tasks. Lower alpha power at baseline significantly predicted a stronger practice effect in the F3 condition. We conclude that the effects of tDCS on balance training and balance performance in OA depend on mental states at baseline as indicated by resting-state brain oscillations.
Social origins and socioeconomic outcomes: A combined twin and adoption study
Authors: Van Hootegem Arno , Rogne Adrian F. , Cros Caroline Tveter , Røgeberg Ole , Lyngstad Torkild Hovde
Published: June 2024

Parents and children tend to have similar socioeconomic status (SES). The extant literature has emphasised the role of social mechanisms in intergenerational transmission, including the influence of the broader rearing environment as well as parental investments and aid, but often not allotted an important role to genetics. Accumulating evidence suggests that genetics play an important role in the transmission of SES from parents to children. Yet, estimates differ substantially across datasets, measures and methods. Using two research designs that account for potential genetic confounding, and high-quality data from Norway, we estimate the strength of the intergenerational social transmission of a range of SES indicators. By triangulating data and designs, we obtain estimates that are more robust to idiosyncratic modelling assumptions. Measures of Norwegian parents’ socioeconomic position predict their children’s socioeconomic outcomes, but purely social mechanisms only account for a fifth of the total explained variance in intergenerational transmission.
Mathematical Literacy Through Learning Support and Learning Enjoyment
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: June 2024

Mathematical Literacy Through Learning Support and Learning Enjoyment
Acute and Sub-Acute Toxic Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Ximenia americana (Linn.) and Pappea capensis (Eckl. and Zeyh.)
Authors: Gaichu Daniel Muthee
Published: June 2024

Background: Although herbal extracts are often regarded as natural and without harmful effects, their application in the practice of modern medicine is usually viewed with skepticism because of many concerns, including toxicity. Ximenia americana and Pappea capensis are widely used in traditional treatment of various pathologies. However, the available data on their safety is still scanty. This study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of the two plants in mice. Materials and Methods: For acute toxicity studies, three groups were used. Group I mice were given normal saline; groups II and III mice were given a single dose of 2000 mg/Kg bw of X. americana and P. capensis extract, respectively. For sub-acute toxicity studies, seven groups of mice were used. Group I was given normal saline; groups II, III and IV were treated with X. americana extract, whereas groups V, VI and VII were treated with P. capensis extract. Extract doses of 250, 430 and 750 mg/Kg bw were used, respectively. Animals were treated daily for 28 days. Results: The extracts did not cause significant change in behavioral factors, body weights, red and white cell indices, and kidney functions in mice. However, at 2000 mg/Kg bw, X. americana extract caused a significant increase in relative pancreas weight. Additionally, at 750 mg/Kg bw, X. americana extract caused a significant increase in platelet distribution width, and total and indirect bilirubin. The extracts did not significantly alter kidneys functions. Conclusions: According to the current study findings, it was concluded that the extracts are devoid of neurotoxic, hematotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. However, X. americana extract possess mild hepatotoxic effects. It was also concluded that lethal dose of the extracts is greater than 2000 mg/Kg bw. Therefore, X. americana and P. capensis extracts are generally safe for use in traditional treatment of various diseases.
Aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocynaceae) alleviates bone metabolism disorders induced by oxidised palm oil and sucrose supplementation in rats
Authors: Ambomo Nadine Florence , Gounoue Raceline Kamkumo , Donfack Jean Hubert , Ngueguim Florence Tsofack , Bidja Angèle Carine , Dzeufiet Paul Desiré Djomeni , Dimo Theophile
Published: June 2024

Background: Poor nutritional status disrupts bone metabolism leading to fractures. This study investigated the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Alstonia boonei on fractured rats fed a diet supplemented with oxidised palm oil and sucrose. Methods: The iodine, peroxide and acidity indexes of the oxidised palm oil were determined. Bone damage was induced by feeding rats an oxidised palm oil/sucrose enriched diet for 16 weeks followed by fracture. Fractured animals received distilled water or plant extract (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) simultaneously with their diet for two weeks. Biochemical parameters including lipid profile, bone markers, oxidative stress and hematological parameters were assessed. X-rays and histology of the femur were performed. Results: Oxidised palm oil showed a significant increase in the peroxide and acidity indexes, while the iodine index decreased. Fractured rats fed a diet enriched with oxidised palm oil and sucrose exhibited dyslipidemia, altered haematological parameters and oxidative stress bone ALP activity with poor natural bone formation. Fracture induced a decrease in bone calcium and an increase in bone ALP. A. boonei extract improved lipid profile, hematological and oxidative stress parameters. There was a significant increase in femoral calcium and a significant decrease in femoral ALP. In addition, a better organisation of the bone architecture was observed, with a marked effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: These results suggest that A. boonei leaf improves bone repair in poor nutritional conditions, thanks to its hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties mediated by the minerals and secondary metabolites contained in the extract.
Comparison and Efficacy Study of In-house Developed Formulation of Fumaria indica (Pitpapra) Against Expensive Market Alternative
Authors: Bharat Shri Ram , Suyal Archana , Kumar Brijesh , Jha Suman Kumar , Saini Rajeev
Published: June 2024

Extracts of Fumaria species have been traditionally used since ages in India, as they have potential for treatment of skin, scalp diseases, rheumatism, stomach ache and fever mainly because of the presence of many secondary metabolites which makes them pharmacologically valuable, specifically, alkaloids which are considered to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The purpose of this work was to compare Fumaria indica methanolic formulation with fumaria officinalis methanolic formulation using phytochemical profiling by HPTLC. Which showed that both the species are closely identical to each other. Therefore, this article suggests that Fumaria indica methanolic formulation can be used as an alternative of fumaria officinalis methanolic formulation as both have similarity in phytochemical ingredients when compared. In addition, the In-house developed formulation is economical and efficacious alternative towards market formulation.