bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in the prevention of chronic diseases of academic students
Authors: Czeczelewska Ewa , Czeczelewski Jan ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium MZOVIA, Innovative Higher School in Siedlce, Poland
Published: July 2013

Academic studies cover usually a period of life between 19 and 25 years of age. It is the time of transition from living in the family home under the care of parents to becoming an independent adult. New habits developed in this period are often extrapolated to improper nutritional attitudes and inappropriate patterns of behavior that may result in health deterioration among graduates in their future lives.
The meta-analysis has revealed that an unfavorable health condition of the Polish population is connected with a high incidence of chronic diseases. It calls for immediate actions aimed at identifying factors that contribute to an increasing incidence of diseases. It is justified to diagnose this phenomenon among university students burdened with such risk factors as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance or low physical activity.
The population of 20-34-year-olds has low awareness of the non-pharmacological methods of preventing chronic diseases, as indicated by multicenter national studies WOBASZ and NATPOL-PLUS on health population.
Health benefits of physical activity are more and more recognized and appreciated. Physical exertion influences blood pressure, improves lipid parameters, decreases insulin resistance, helps to maintain proper body mass, and improves general physical and mental state. The influence of physical exertion on the body is indisputable. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to everyday spontaneous physical activity especially during studies.
The nature and functions of coping abilities in persons after lower extremity amputation
Authors: Byra Stanisław
Published: July 2013

The article contains an overview of the specialist literature to date related to the process of coping with limitations resulting from the loss of a lower limb. The amputation of a lower limb is regarded as a loss: it is accompanied by the feeling of harm, injustice, punishment by fate, but is also perceived in terms of danger or a challenge. Empirical explorations confirm theoretical assumptions, which show a clear correlation between the cognitive evaluation of amputation and the limitations connected with it and the nature of an adopted remedial action. They provide evidence for the dynamics of the coping process, which depends on numerous psychosocial and physical variables. While adapting to life, persons after amputation use both adaptation and non-adaptation strategies. The factor that largely determines their choice of strategy, the frequency of its application and the results obtained, is the time which has elapsed since the operation. A significant plane for the development of the specificity of remedial activities among this group is constituted by coping with phantom pain. The whole process of coping with difficult situations connected with the loss of a lower limb is analyzed in the context of individually experienced adaptation results. The article presents the researchers’ findings concerning the regularities in this regard. The overview contains explanations of the process, which can be found both in the traditional approach (the transactional theory of stress and coping) and the modern approach relying on the indicators of growth and benefit reported after the loss of a lower limb.
The role of forensic sexology and a court expert witness in the fight against sexual crimes and for public health
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Dariusz Wojciech , Załuski Janusz , Strzelecka Jolanta , Kondraciuk-Wróblewska Walentyna , Siemienkowicz Joanna
Published: July 2013

The aim of forensic sexology as knowledge and science is to conduct research and to define standard principles of sexuality as well as to identify its deviations based on the results of a research studies of the said issue, applying and relating to the law in force. The role of an expert witness is indispensable There are instances of evidence manipulation by the party filing a sexual abuse lawsuit; however, the justice system is equipped with means to prevent it. The efficacy of the therapeutic and medical treatment of the offenders is disturbed many a time or even unfeasible due to the lacking consent on the part of the culprit and/or the lack of appropriate legal regulations. This affects the well-being of the society.
Invasive prenatal diagnosis in Poland. Postulates of modification of the medical infrastructure
Authors: Głusiec Waldemar ,   Department of Ethics and Philosophical Anthropology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
Published: July 2013

The implemented invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD) in Poland includes three procedures of obtaining biological material of the fetus (amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling) and its biochemical, cytogenetic and molecular analysis. This enables a reliable verification of several thousands of genetic defects, and in consequence leads to planning appropriate care and treatment of the child. Unfortunately, the invasive prenatal diagnosis may turn out to be deadly for the fetus and may cause health loss of the pregnant woman. Sadly, all invasive procedures include risks of life or health loss.
Another important ethical issue is the frequent use of the unfavorable diagnosis as a basis for a legal termination of the pregnancy. The aim of the article is to remind the conditions, necessary for an ethical conduction of the IPD and the establishment of the directions in the Polish invasive diagnostics that will lead to a true “humanization of medicine”. The plane on which the analysis will be conducted is the ontological personalism, characterized by epistemological and ethical realism. In this perspective, the basic criterion for the moral judgment is the integral wellbeing of the person. IPD is thus ethical, when its main goal is to aid the unborn child and its mother. The postulates of each stage of the diagnosis can be summarized in four general orders: ensuring access to the test, taking maximum precautions, physicians’ empathy, integration of therapy and palliative care.
Health information literacy as an increasingly important component of health literacy
Authors: Niedźwiedzka Barbara
Published: July 2013

The paper presents briefly the evolution and meaning of the term “health literacy” and the growing role of information literacy among health competencies. The growing importance of the latter for the level of citizens’ health literacy is a consequence of the information revolution, and is associated with increasing self-reliance of people in gaining information about health and disease, increasingly beyond the control of medical professionals and in aggressive informational environment. A high level of information literacy, according to the author, may protect against health hazards arising from use of inappropriate or incorrect information, and therefore building health information skills should become an integral part of any health education.
Claudin 1 Expression Characterizes Human Uterine Cervical Reserve Cells
Authors: Zinner Balázs , Gyöngyösi Benedek , Babarczi Edit , Kiss András , Sobel Gábor
Published: July 2013

Stem cells participate in cervical carcinogenesis but their function and exact features are still not clear. One type of stem-like cells are endocervical reserve cells (RCs), and their association with other normal/altered cervical cells is not exactly known. Epithelial cells are attached to each other by tight junctions. Their dominant components are the claudin proteins, which show changed expression in cancer; however, no data are available on their pattern. Expressions of various claudins (1, 2, 3, 4, 7), occludin, cytokeratins 5/6 and 7, and p63 were analyzed in 60 paraffin-embedded cervical samples. Immunohistochemical reactions were evaluated semiquantitatively and statistically. Claudin 1 was as high in RCs as in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and higher than in suprabasal squamous epithelial cells, contrary to the negative glandular and squamous basal cells. Claudin 2 was positive in all cell types except parabasal cells, whereas claudins 4 and 7 were weakly positive and claudin 3 was negative in all cell types. Occludin was positive in RCs, basal/parabasal cells, and CIN, whereas glandular cells were negative. This is a first report that describes the intermediate claudin pattern of RCs, demonstrating that it differs from that of cervical glandular and squamous basal cells, but showing an expression similar to the strong claudin 1 expression detected in cervical neoplastic cells.
Atomic Hp
spaces and their duals on open subsets of ℝ
d
Authors: Lin Chin-Cheng , Stempak Krzysztof
Published: July 2013

We study atomic Hardy Hp
spaces and their duals in the
framework of an arbitrary proper open subset Ω of ℝ
d
.
Cost-benefit analyses of sprinklers in nursing homes for elderly
Authors: Jaldell Henrik
Published: July 2013

The risk of dying in fires in nursing homes is six times the risk of dying in fires at home in Sweden. One way to reduce this risk is to install fire sprinklers. This study measures the benefits using value of full lives, life years and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for deaths and injuries. The results show that sprinklers are cost-effective in newly built nursing homes no matter what value of life is used. However, if sprinklers are installed in already existing buildings, they are cost-effective only if the value of a statistical life is used.
Regional variation, holdouts, and climate treaty negotiations
Authors: Holladay J. Scott , Livermore Michael A.
Published: July 2013

We develop a model of international agreements to price a transboundry externality and provide a new heuristic to aid in interpreting negotiation behavior. Under conservative assumptions, a country’s net benefits will be positive under an efficient pollution price if its share of global damages is less than half its share of worldwide abatement costs. We solve for a permit allocation scheme consistent with that heuristic such that every region will have positive net benefits in an agreement to price the pollution externality at the globally efficient level. We then apply this framework to climate change using regional data from Integrated Assessment Models and test the feasibility of a global climate change treaty. The results indicate that several regions have positive net benefits from a globally efficient price on carbon, including Western Europe, South Asia (including India), and Latin America. We then solve for a permit allocation scheme that should produce worldwide agreement on a climate treaty. Using the same model, we show that differential carbon taxes aimed at producing universal agreement would produce tax rate differences of an order of magnitude. We also argue that shares of global GDP might be an appropriate proxy for exposure to climate damages and find that a global climate treaty would be cost-benefit justified for all countries without transfers when that assumption is used.
Resultados clínicos antes e após a implantação do protocolo ACERTO
Authors: Costa Haracelli Christina Barbosa Alves Leite da , Santos Rogério Leite , Aguilar-Nascimento José Eduardo de
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados clínicos pós-operatórios de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia oncológica no Hospital de Câncer de Mato Grosso antes e após a implantação do protocolo ACERTO. MÉTODOS: Foram prospectivamente observados 271 pacientes durante dois períodos: o primeiro, entre abril e maio de 2010 (n=101) formado por pacientes submetidos a condutas convencionais (Fase 1) e o segundo, entre setembro a outubro de 2010 (n=171), formado por pacientes submetidos a um novo protocolo de condutas peri-operatórias estabelecidas pelo projeto ACERTO (Fase 2). As variáveis observadas foram: tempo de jejum pré-operatório, reintrodução da dieta no período pós-operatório, volume de hidratação e tempo de internação. RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre os dois períodos, na Fase 2 houve uma queda de aproximadamente 50% do tempo de jejum pré-operatório (14,7 [4-48] horas vs 7,2 [1-48] horas, p<0,001), houve redução de aproximadamente 35% do volume de fluidos intravenosos no pós-operatório imediato (p<0,001), de 47% no 1º PO (p<0,001) e de 28% no 2º PO (p=0,04), sendo a redução global de 23% (p<0,001). Não houve diferença no tempo de internação pós-operatória entre as duas fases (3,9 [0-51] vs. 3,2 [0-15] dias; p=0.52). Entretanto, nos pacientes cujo tempo de jejum pré-operatório foi de até 5 horas houve redução de um dia de internação (3.8 [0-51] vs 2.5 [0-15] dias, p=0,03). CONCLUSÃO: A adoção das medidas do projeto ACERTO é factível e segura em doentes oncológicos. Após a implantação do protocolo ACERTO reduziu-se o volume de fluidos intravenosos e quando o jejum pré-operatório foi reduzido o tempo de internação foi menor.
Tratamento de curto prazo com liraglutide no reganho de peso após cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Pajecki Denis , Halpern Alfredo , Cercato Cintia , Mancini Marcio , Cleva Roberto de , Santo Marco Aurélio
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: avaliar os resultados da utilização do liraglutide em um grupo de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida com perda insatisfatória de peso ou ganho de mais de 15% do seu peso mínimo atingido. MÉTODOS: realizou-se análise retrospectiva de 15 pacientes operados que tiveram perda de excesso de peso <50% após dois anos de seguimento ou reganho de peso de mais de 15% do peso mínimo atingido. Foram incluídos apenas pacientes que apresentavam a "anatomia cirúrgica" normal avaliada por radiografia contrastada e endoscopia digestiva alta. A média de idade foi 47,2±12,5 anos e os pacientes receberam liraglutide na dose de 1,2 a 3,0mg/dia por oito a 28 semanas de seguimento. RESULTADOS: o tratamento cirúrgico induziu uma perda de peso de 34,1± 16,5Kg. A média de reganho de peso após 5,3 ±3,3 anos foi 14,2±12,1Kg. A media de peso reduziu significativamente após o tratamento com liraglutide (100,9±18,3Kg vs. 93,5±17,4Kg; p<0,0001). Seis pacientes apresentaram náuseas e dois descontinuaram o tratamento em decorrência do custo da medicação. CONCLUSÃO: o tratamento clínico medicamentoso dirigido para o controle da saciedade com o uso do liraglutide pode ser uma alternativa para manejo dos pacientes com reganho de peso ou perda insuficiente após o tratamento cirúrgico, quando nenhum problema técnico tenha sido identificado.
Estudo randomizado para avaliação da dieta hipolipídica nos sintomas digestivos no pós-operatório imediato da colecistectomia por videolaparoscopia
Authors: Menezes Hunaldo Lima de , Fireman Pérola Averbug , Wanderley Vicentina Esteves , Menconça Ângela Maria Moreira Canuto de , Bispo Raisa Karla de Azevedo , Reis Melissa Ramos
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Validar a necessidade da prescrição da dieta hipolipídica na prevenção ou redução dos sintomas dispépticos no período pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia por videolaparoscopia. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 40 pacientes, distribuídos em dois grupos, isentos de doenças hepáticas, pancreáticas, litíase da via biliar, gastrite, úlcera, diabetes e dislipidemia. Foi realizado anamnese alimentar, identificação de dispepsias antes do aparecimento da colelitíase e orientações sobre a conduta alimentar no pós-operatório (normal ou hipolipídica). Foi utilizado o teste chi-square e a correlação de Pearson, considerando pd"0,05 como significância estatística. RESULTADOS: Comparando-se os dois grupos de pacientes sem dispepsias no pré-operatório, observou-se que no grupo I, sete pacientes (63,6%) permaneceram assintomáticos e no grupo II, quatro (66,7%). No grupo I, em quatro (36,4%) houve aparecimento de sintomas e no grupo II, em dois (33,3%), logo p=0,684. Correlacionando-se os dois grupos dispépticos no pré-operatório, observou-se que houve permanência, aparecimento ou desaparecimento dos sintomas no pós-operatório, sendo p=0,114. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve repercussão significativa da dieta hipolipídica na prevenção dos sintomas dispépticos, principalmente nos pacientes assintomáticos no pré-operatório. Sendo assim, não há necessidade em se orientar uma dieta hipolipídica. De modo que, cabe ao cirurgião avaliar cada paciente individualmente e ajustar a dieta às necessidades do paciente e às condições clínicas associadas.
A fusão entre segurança e desenvolvimento no setor da educação: discursos e efeitos
Authors: Novelli Mario
Published: July 2013

O artigo explora a fusão das políticas de segurança e de desenvolvimento pelas agências de desenvolvimento ocidentais, operando em locais afetados por conflitos, e seus efeitos abrangentes no setor da educação. O artigo aborda a forma como a educação se tornou cada vez mais interligada aos discursos sobre segurança após o 11/09 e rastreia a história, a lógica e os resultados desta mudança. O artigo também explora os discursos múltiplos e concorrentes de uma série de atores envolvidos com a educação em locais afetados por conflitos, demonstrando a forma como um "senso comum" que une o desenvolvimento à segurança mascara divisões profundas entre os atores principais. Segue-se uma reflexão sobre a natureza contraditória da assistência ao desenvolvimento e alguns exemplos da forma como a ajuda à educação foi utilizada durante a Guerra Fria, para fins militares e não de desenvolvimento, são apresentados. Por fim, o artigo é concluído com uma chamada para mais pesquisas e críticas sobre esta importante questão.
Gestão escolar democrática e estudos organizacionais críticos: convergências teóricas
Authors: Passador Cláudia Souza , Salvetti Thales Silveira
Published: July 2013

Este artigo trata da democratização da gestão escolar como componente imprescindível de uma educação de qualidade que vise à transformação social, abordando inicialmente os temas mais abrangentes de modo a desencadear a reflexão sobre o próprio conceito de gestão, numa perspectiva crítica, a partir de determinados quadros teóricos de referência nos assuntos em questão. Nessa tônica, demonstram-se as convergências teóricas entre as concepções de gestão escolar democrática e os Estudos Organizacionais Críticos apresentados, recomendando a ampliação de espaços de discussão entre teorias educacionais e organizacionais e também a consideração da proposta autogestionária como via democratizante.
A profissionalização do ensino passados trinta anos: dois passos para a frente, três para trás
Authors: Tardif Maurice
Published: July 2013

Desde os anos de 1980, a profissionalização domina o discurso reformista internacional sobre a educação. Este texto analisa os resultados do movimento de profissionalização nos últimos trinta anos. É realmente possível observar uma consolidação do movimento profissional no início do século XXI? Vamos mostrar que, vista de uma perspectiva internacional, a evolução do ensino nada tem de linear, que ela é feita de continuidades, de desvios, de retrocessos. Além disso, o ensino tem uma evolução desigual de acordo com os países, ou até mesmo de acordo com as regiões num mesmo país: ele não evolui no mesmo ritmo por toda parte e formas antigas convivem com formas contemporâneas, o que gera diversas tensões. Finalmente, observa-se, num grande número de países, obstáculos à profissionalização: escolas públicas em dificuldade, concorrência, mercantilização da educação, entre outros. Como, então, conceber uma verdadeira profissionalização?
Acesso a hospitais regionais de urgência e emergência: abordagem aos usuários para avaliação do itinerário e dos obstáculos aos serviços de saúde
Authors: Dubeux Luciana Santos , Freese Eduardo , Felisberto Eronildo
Published: July 2013

A perspectiva do usuário é imprescindível para o aprimoramento das políticas de saúde direcionadas à garantia dos princípios constitucionais da universalidade e integralidade. Este estudo descritivo-transversal teve como objetivo avaliar o acesso ao serviço de urgência e emergência em hospitais regionais de Pernambuco, com base no itinerário e nos obstáculos dos usuários até a assistência no referido setor. Selecionou-se uma amostra estratificada e aleatória, realizando-se 853 entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuários de sete hospitais distribuídos nas mesorregiões Zona da Mata, Agreste e Sertão. Dentre os entrevistados, 74,9% são residentes do município em que o hospital está localizado e 66,9% reconheceram-se cadastrados em Equipes de Saúde da Família. A maioria dos usuários recorreu ao hospital como primeira unidade assistencial (77,1%), destacando a confiança no atendimento do serviço como principal motivo para a seleção do setor de urgência e emergência. Em relação ao itinerário, os entrevistados predominantemente (99,5%) buscaram apenas um atendimento prévio, tendo-se submetido a consulta médica (75,4%). Entretanto, 42,8% foram referenciados e, destes, a maioria (78,9%) foi encaminhada ao hospital avaliado. Dentre aqueles que demandaram assistência prévia, a ausência de profissional (65,5%) foi a principal razão para o não atendimento, destacando-se a deficiência na resolutividade e a distância entre a residência e o hospital como importantes obstáculos ao itinerário. Os resultados revelam um cenário em que o hospital permanece como eixo central da assistência à saúde, indicando a necessidade de fortalecimento da rede de saúde integral, com vistas à redução das iniquidades sociais em âmbito locorregional.
Percepções de obesos deprimidos sobre os fatores envolvidos na manutenção da sua obesidade: investigação numa unidade do Programa Saúde da Família no município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Moraes Angela Lessa , Almeida Eliane Carnot , Souza Luciana Borges
Published: July 2013

Obesidade e depressão, segundo a OMS, estão entre os maiores problemas de Saúde Pública no mundo. Diversos estudos apontam para importante associação entre ambas, o que pode resultar no agravamento do prognóstico das comorbidades, menor aderência ao tratamento, maior morbimortalidade, assim como comprometimento funcional e psicossocial dos obesos. Este artigo resulta de pesquisa para dissertação de mestrado em Saúde da Família, cujo objetivo foi investigar a percepção de obesos com depressão sobre os fatores envolvidos na manutenção da própria obesidade. Estudo exploratório, qualitativo, realizado em uma unidade de Saúde da Família no Rio de Janeiro. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 68 usuários obesos, sendo 21 identificados com escore para depressão a partir da aplicação do Inventário Beck de Depressão. Destes, 19 foram entrevistados individualmente e os dados obtidos foram trabalhados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Destacaram-se, como categorias principais, o sofrimento físico, o sedentarismo, o sofrimento emocional, a insatisfação com a autoimagem, a alimentação inadequada, o convívio familiar, social e a motivação para mudanças. Agrupadas, essas categorias evidenciaram cinco eixos temáticos: a percepção da obesidade, o comportamento alimentar, o ambiente familiar, o retraimento social e a falta de motivação. A análise das percepções dos entrevistados permitiu mapear uma teia complexa de fatores mutuamente reforçadores envolvidos com a manutenção da obesidade, que são agravados quando esta é associada à depressão. Os resultados da pesquisa podem contribuir para subsidiar estratégias de atenção integral e diferenciada à saúde dos obesos, sobretudo os que apresentam depressão.
Respostas cardiorrespiratória e metabólica do propofol nas formulações em emulsão lipídica ou microemulsão em gatas
Authors: Tamanho Renato Batista , Corrêa André Luís , Moraes Aury Nunes de , Beier Suzane Lilian , Regalin Doughlas , Farias Felipe Hertzing , Oleskovicz Nilson
Published: July 2013

O presente estudo objetiva avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e metabólicos do propofol em emulsão lipídica e microemulsão em gatas. Foram utilizadas 12 gatas, hígidas, adultas, alocadas em dois grupos: microemulsão (MICRO, n=6) e emulsão lipídica (EMU, n=6), os quais receberam propofol, na respectiva formulação, em dose suficiente para intubação. Em seguida, foram intubados, fornecendo-se oxigênio 100%, em sistema sem reinalação de gases. Ato contínuo, iniciou-se a infusão de propofol na dose de 0,3mg kg-1 min-1 durante 90 minutos. A dose necessária para indução foi de 9,5±1,3mg kg-1 e 10±1mg kg-1 para MICRO e EMU, respectivamente. Os valores de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial média (PAM), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) e pH foram menores, em todos os momentos, no EMU em relação ao MICRO; a f do EMU foi menor de T30 até T75 em relação ao MICRO. A PaCO2 do EMU foi maior de T15 até T90. Os tempos de extubação, decúbito esternal, deambulação e recuperação total foram de 40,6±30,7; 91±37,5; 134,5±54,5 e 169,1±55,4 minutos no MICRO e de 68,8±37,3; 133,3±85,3; 171,3±77,1 e 233,1±60,6 minutos no EMU, respectivamente. Houve aumento da enzima Alanina Aminotransferase de 12 às 72h no EMU e de 48 às 72h no MICRO. O propofol em microemulsão apresentou características clínicas de indução e manutenção, bem como efeitos metabólicos semelhantes à formulação em emulsão lipídica. A formulação em microemulsão proporcionou maior estabilidade cardiovascular e respiratória para indução e infusão contínua em gatas hígidas.
Lysine supplementation in late gestation of gilts: effects on piglet birth weight, and gestational and lactational performance
Authors: Magnabosco Diogo , Bierhals Thomas , Ribeiro Renato Rosa , Cemin Henrique Scherer , Faccin Jamil Elias Ghiggi , Bernardi Mari Lourdes , Wentz Ivo , Bortolozzo Fernando Pandolfo
Published: July 2013

Lysine requirements for gain in maternal body reserves and piglet birth weight, during pregnancy, in contemporary prolific genotypes, are not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine in late pregnancy on piglet birth weight, and on the gestational and lactational performance of gilts. Pregnant gilts were uniformly distributed into two groups and received, from 85 to 110 days of gestation, either of two lysine levels in their diet: Control group - 28g lysine/day (n=136), and Lysine group - 35g lysine/day (n=141). There were no effects (P>0.10) of supplemental lysine on body weight and backfat (BF) gain of females or on piglet birth weight. Gilts supplemented with lysine tended to have a lower percentage of stillbirths (P=0.077), reduced within-litter birth weight variation (P=0.094) and a lower percentage of piglets weighing less than 1100g (P=0.082) than in the Control group. During lactation, the performance of sows and litters was also evaluated in a subgroup of sows (n=26/group). There were no differences between the Control and Lysine groups (P>0.10) in voluntary feed intake, body reserve losses (weight and BF), weaning-to-estrus interval of the sows, and litter weaning weight. In conclusion, an increase in lysine (from 28 to 35g/day) in late gestation of gilts (85 to 110 days) tends to reduce the rate of stillbirths and to improve the uniformity of litter weight at birth, but does not affect the performance of females until farrowing or during subsequent lactation.
Probióticos em dietas para tilápia do Nilo durante a reversão sexual
Authors: Albuquerque Daniele Menezes , Marengoni Nilton Garcia , Boscolo Wilson Rogério , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira , Mahl Ilson , Moura Milton Cézar de
Published: July 2013

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo, sexagem fenotípica e microbiologia intestinal de tilápia do Nilo, linhagem GIFT, alimentadas com ração contendo Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi e Bacillus subtilis C-3102, durante a fase de reversão sexual. Os peixes (24,7±0,50mg) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 24 aquários, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto por três tratamentos (dois probióticos e ausente de probiótico) e oito repetições. A utilização de B. cereus melhorou os parâmetros de peso final, ganho em peso, ganho em peso médio diário e crescimento específico dos peixes alimentados em relação à B. subtilis. Não houve associação entre a proporção de machos e fêmeas e a inclusão de probióticos. As contagens de bactérias totais e coliformes totais não foram influenciadas pela adição de probióticos nas rações. O probiótico Bacillus subtilis não melhora o desempenho produtivo das tilápias do Nilo. Na decisão entre os dois probióticos estudados, recomenda-se o probiótico contendo Bacillus cereus C-3102 por não afetar negativamente a efetividade sexual e parâmetros zootécnicos.
Reflexões e interpretações sobre a participação e a representação em conselhos gestores de políticas públicas
Authors: Sipioni Marcelo Eliseu , Silva Marta Zorzal e
Published: July 2013

O presente ensaio debruça-se sobre a literatura recente acerca do tema da representação em conselhos gestores de políticas públicas. Várias são as análises feitas por diversos autores sobre a temática, porém, há necessidade de reflexão sobre a confluência que muitas destas ideias apresentam, de forma a contribuir para um consenso mínimo (obviamente não definitivo) sobre as possibilidades e os limites do exercício democrático em conselhos gestores, necessidade que este artigo objetiva responder, ao menos em parte. Para desenvolvermos esta análise, revisamos a literatura com vista a buscarmos autores de diversas áreas do conhecimento que de alguma forma tratam em seus trabalhos do tema da teoria democrática e da participação e representação, buscando observar contrapontos e convergências em suas ideias para posteriormente lançarmos questões minimamente consensuais sobre o tema. Os autores analisados deixam claro que os discursos que permeiam as questões relativas à participação e à representação têm como pano de fundo teorias democráticas distintas que durante quase todo o século passado conflitam em busca de hegemonia: democracia representativa e democracia participativa. Sendo assim, os ideais que alicerçam os conceitos aqui estudados são expressos de maneiras diferentes, de acordo com a teoria que a embasa. O fato é que participação e representação podem ser exercidos tanto em uma democracia representativa quanto em uma democracia participativa. Contudo, apresentam sentidos e práticas diferentes. Os conselhos gestores de políticas públicas são, por excelência, um local criado para o exercício da democracia participativa. Porém, ali é exercida participação indireta, via representação. Este conceito, por sua vez, é fortemente arraigado aos ideais da democracia representativa, levando à necessidade de se estabelecer diferenças entre representar (na democracia representativa) e representar (na democracia participativa), de forma que conselheiros representantes da sociedade civil nos conselhos gestores não repitam os equívocos da prática representativa parlamentar, sob o risco de conduzir a representação nestas instâncias participativas a um distanciamento que prejudicaria o exercício da democracia participativa em nosso país. Parece-nos evidente a importância de se estabelecer uma relação entre representantes e representados que os aproxime. Desta forma, temas como a prestação de contas e a própria forma de escolha do representante por sua entidade parecem exercer um protagonismo interessante para legitimar a representação e torná-la diferente da representação parlamentar. Apesar dos entraves observados para a efetivação de uma verdadeira democracia participativa, os conselhos gestores alimentam uma cultura política em transformação no Brasil, a cultura da participação, capaz de ocupar o lugar de nossa histórica cultura de submissão do povo ao poder das elites.
International positioning of South African electricity prices and commodity differentiated pricing
Authors: Thopil George A. , Pouris Anastassios
Published: July 2013

The South African electricity industry has seen a dramatic increase in prices over the past 3 years. This increase has been blanketed across all sectors and is based on a number of factors such as sector, usage and, in the case of domestic pricing, suburb. The cost of electricity in South Africa, particularly to the industrial sector, has been among the lowest in the world. In this paper, we analyse the recent price increases in the South African electricity sector and discuss the price determination mechanism employed by Eskom, South Africa’s electricity provider. We also analyse the revenue and sales of Eskom and review the electricity price from an international perspective. The concept of differential pricing and international benchmarking is analysed as a possibility for the South African industrial electricity industry, so that all sectors are not adversely affected by across-the-board increases. Our aim is to raise the question of whether South Africa’s electricity prices are in line with international increases and to suggest the possibility of differentiated prices in the local electricity sector.
Bendamustine in Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Practice Guide for Patient Management
Authors: Brugger Wolfram , Ghielmini Michele
Published: July 2013

For patients with advanced indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or elderly patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), the recently reported results of the German StiL NHL-1 2003 and the international BRIGHT phase III trials showed that, as first-line treatment, the combination of bendamustine and rituximab is at least as effective as rituximab/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone or rituximab/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/prednisone, possibly with a better therapeutic index. Bendamustine is therefore increasingly used in clinical practice. Because bendamustine has been used for many years in Germany and in Switzerland, our institutions have had extensive experience with bendamustine, both as a single agent and in combination with rituximab. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the most important clinical data from phase II/III trials with bendamustine in patients with indolent NHL and MCL, both in the relapsed/refractory setting and in the first-line setting. In addition, this review provides practical advice on how to optimally manage bendamustine therapy in patients with NHL.
Influence of triethanolamine on the hydration and the strength development of cementitious systems
Authors: Kong Xiang-Ming , Lu Zhen-Bao , Liu Hui , Wang Dong-Min
Published: July 2013

The influence of triethanolamine (TEA) at varying dosages on the strength development of pure cement (PC) and fly ash cement (FAC) pastes was systematically investigated. Techniques including mercury intrusion porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterise the microstructure of hardened cement pastes and to monitor the cement hydration process with the aim of correlating strength variations with microstructural changes caused by TEA addition. The results showed that 0·03–0·10% addition of TEA visibly enhances the early strength but decreases the compressive strength after 3 d for PC pastes. A high dosage of TEA (1%) leads to a sharp decrease in 28-d strength for both PC and FAC pastes. Mechanistic explanations regarding why TEA affects the strength development differently at different dosages and ages are discussed by considering the impacts of TEA on the hydration degree, pore structure, composition and morphology of hydration products.
Cross‐ecosystem impacts of stream pollution reduce resource and contaminant flux to riparian food webs
Authors: Kraus Johanna M. , Schmidt Travis S. , Walters David M. , Wanty Richard B. , Zuellig Robert E. , Wolf Ruth E.
Published: July 2013

The effects of aquatic contaminants are propagated across ecosystem boundaries by aquatic insects that export resources and contaminants to terrestrial food webs; however, the mechanisms driving these effects are poorly understood. We examined how emergence, contaminant concentration, and total contaminant flux by adult aquatic insects changed over a gradient of bioavailable metals in streams and how these changes affected riparian web‐building spiders. Insect emergence decreased 97% over the metal gradient, whereas metal concentrations in adult insects changed relatively little. As a result, total metal exported by insects (flux) was lowest at the most contaminated streams, declining 96% among sites. Spiders were affected by the decrease in prey biomass, but not by metal exposure or metal flux to land in aquatic prey. Aquatic insects are increasingly thought to increase exposure of terrestrial consumers to aquatic contaminants, but stream metals reduce contaminant flux to riparian consumers by strongly impacting the resource linkage. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the contaminant‐specific effects of aquatic pollutants on adult insect emergence and contaminant accumulation in adults to predict impacts on terrestrial food webs.
Analysis of Gas Production Data Using Flowing Material Balance Method
Authors: Mohammed S. , Enty G. S.
Published: July 2013

This paper presents an analytical derivation that constitutes a sound theoretical background for gas flow equation. This gas flow equation is based on a new pseudotime function which, unlike the computation of material balance pseudotime, is insensitive to time step-size and purely analytical. This new pseudotime function offers a simpler approach to handle viscosity-compressibility variations since viscosity-compressibility ratio is a function of cumulative production. Unique to the proposed approach is that the flowing material balance method utilizes pseudocumulative, which is not a function of material balance pseudotime.

Currently, the analytical derivation given in the literature for gas flow equation involving material balance pseudotime has created the perception that material balance pseudotime is intuitive. An analytical derivation is given to show that material balance pseudotime function has sound theoretical basis.

Presently, iterative scheme, algorithms and graphical techniques involving a number of plotting functions have been proposed to solve gas-in-place. This paper presents a direct approach to solve gas-in-place when early pseudosteady state line is observed. Additionally, a technique is given to validate computed initial-gas-in-place; thus initial-gas-in-place computed by any method can be verified with the proposed technique.

The proposed analysis yields initial-gas-in-place, pseudosteady state constant and drainage area. Two simulated and one field published examples are presented to validate our proposed analysis.
Effects of Nano-Particles (al, al2o3, cu, cuo) in Emulsion Treatment and Separation
Authors: Amarfio Eric Mensah , Aborisade Opeyemi , Mohammed Shaibu
Published: July 2013

In this work, we seek to explore the unique potential of nano-particles of aluminum, copper and their oxides in the treatment of oil- water emulsion, which has been one of the major problems in the oil-industries.

The nano-particles of the above aluminum, copper and their oxides, from published studies, showed that they increase the densities of their base fluids. Correlations like Pak and Cho correlation for density calculation proved the improvement in densities of base fluids when nano-particles are dispersed in them. This material property (density) was investigated in this research work to show how these above mentioned nano-particles affect the treatment of emulsion. We focused on presenting a study of the separation of oil in water emulsion which normally, is the case at the surface separating facilities, after the oil is lifted to the surface and separated from the accompanying water. The main goal here is to increase the density of the water by impregnating it with the nano-particles in the oil in water emulsion which in turn by gravity will increase the rate of settling from the oil. In this work, the Pak and Cho correlation was employed to show how the density of the associated water in the produced oil is increased using nano-particles of aluminum, copper and their oxides, which are paramagnetic in nature. And are retrieved by employing a magnetic field so that the nano-particles are recycled and reused from time to time with only a periodic make up to ensure effective magnetization and retrieval of the particles before the final destination of the water. We proposed the external magnetic field technology in this study, because often times, the water may be disposed off to the environment or re-injected into the formation for oil reservoir pressure maintenance purposes.
Evaluation Of Mathematical Models Of Pvt Properties For Nigerian Crude Oils
Authors: Adeeyo Yisa A. , Marhoun Muhammad A.
Published: July 2013

Reservoir fluid properties data are very important in reservoir engineering computations such as material balance calculations, well testing, reserve estimates, and numerical reservoir simulations. Ideally, those data should be obtained experimentally. On some occasions, these data are not available or reliable; then, empirically derived correlations are used to predict PVT properties. However, the success of such correlations in predicting the properties depends mainly on the range of data with which they were originally developed. A review of the frequently used correlations, along with the statistical accuracy of these correlations when compared to Nigerian data, is the focus of this paper.

More than 2500 unpublished PVT data sets from different locations in Nigeria were acquired for the evaluation of the most frequently used pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) empirical correlation for Nigeria data crude oil samples. The best available correlations were selected by comparison with a large database of reservoir-fluid studies of samples collected from different locations in Nigeria. The comparison is based on statistical error analysis. This paper gives the best correlations for field applications for estimating bubblepoint pressure, solution gas-oil ratio and oil formation volume factor at bubble point pressure.

The results of this study show that the present practice of arbitrarily choosing any correlations for bubblepoint pressure (Pb), Solution gas-oil ratio (Rs) and formation volume factor at bubblepoint (Bob) estimation is not the optimum.
Experimental Study of Wax Deposition in a Single Phase Sub-cooled Oil Pipelines
Authors: Adeyanju Olusiji A. , Oyekunle Layioye O.
Published: July 2013

The ability to determine the severity of wax deposition is an extremely important issue, particularly in the design and development of deepwater oilfields. Though much progress has been made in the last decades to better the understanding of this complex process, yet the ability to accurately account for all the factors that affect wax deposition are currently not in existence in the wax simulators used presently in the industries. In this study an experimental methodology constructed to simulate wax deposition process was employed to investigate the influence factors controlling paraffin wax deposition to the pipe wall surface (namely, inlet oil temperature, inlet coolant temperature, oil flow rate and the wax content). Series of tests were designed to determine the effects of these influence factors on the wax content in the deposit. The experimental results revealed that the amount of wax deposited initially increases with time, attained a maximum value and gradually erode off. Also it was discovered that the wax deposition decreases with flow rates and also with the temperature difference between the flowing oil and the pipe wall, when the oil temperature is above its Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT), while the reverse is the case when the oil temperature is below its WAT. The study also established that shear dispersion, defined as the movement of wax crystals towards the pipe wall as a result of the velocity variation along the radial direction during oil flow in the pipe ignored in most of the existing models used in the existing wax deposition commercial codes was found not to be inconsequential. The flow rate rather than the flow regime was also discovered to responsible for the shear stripping of wax deposit at the wall. This experimental observation will provide a reference point and an insight for further study on wax deposition in actual pipelines. This is particularly so for oil characterized by high wax content and high gel point temperature like those produced from most fields in Nigeria's Niger Delta.
Activated Carbon, a Possible Carbon Solution in Nigeria
Authors: Ike I. A. , Adjimah M. , Ike G. U. , Ezugwu C.
Published: July 2013

From heavy oil extraction in Canada, shale oil and gas production in the US and coal usage in China and India, energy successes are clearly linked to optimal utilization of available resources no matter how unconventional. In stark contrast, Nigeria's associated gas is continually flared and treated as a huge liability despite gas proven environmental advantage and heating efficiency in industrial and domestic processes. It is sad to note, for example, that the perennial flaring of gas in the Niger Delta has ever existed along side perennial kerosene scarcity all over Nigeria.

The main challenge with the utilization of associated gas in Nigeria is the low pressure and volume of the gas available at a particular producing station. Harnessing these low-pressured, scattered gas resources using conventional technologies will require expensive gathering, compression and transportation systems.

In this paper, the authors explore the potential contribution of activated carbon in gas utilization efforts in Nigeria. Activated carbon allows the adsorptive storage of natural gas at a relatively low pressure. The natural pressure of the produced gas may be sufficient or a low capacity compressor may be installed for this purpose. This could allow the setting up of small activated carbon adsorption units wherever gas is routinely flared in the Niger Delta. From an environmental and economic view point, this is a game changer as flaring is reduced and gas is made available for productive purposes. Since activated carbon is usually produced from waste carbon material, the scheme will potentially also aid solid waste management. Nigeria's under-utilized water bodies in the Niger Delta may provide for cheap transportation of activated carbon blocks to and from adsorption stations.
Saturation History Match Update of Ofon Field Reservoir Model Using Dynamic Parameters
Authors: Faseemo Oladipo
Published: July 2013

This paper highlights the basic steps taken to improve the history match of GOR and Water Cut in order to make the Ofon reservoir model more reliable for the forecasts necessary to optimise the revised scope of the OFON phase-2 project. The simulation study results were used to validate an optimal project case which involved drilling of 24 new wells, increased water injection capacity and implementation of gas lift injection in both existing and new wells.

Since saturation matching is mainly a mass transport (fluid flow) problem, it was decided to concentrate on dynamic parameters with known uncertainties. Based on the results of an uncertainty study performed with the in-house EST software, it was possible to determine which dynamic parameters had the most impact on water production and GOR within the limits of their uncertainties. It showed that relative permeability and critical gas saturation were the most influencing on water cut and GOR respectively. Sensitivities around experimentally acceptable limits of these parameters were undertaken leading to obtaining a best-case history matched model.

As the model was very pessimistic in water cut calculation (over-estimating observed water production), the relative permeability curves were thus adjusted by imposing Krw-Sw of the rock type with least water mobility on all the remaining 4 rock types in the model, while respecting the existing Kro-Sw functions of all rock types. This significantly improved field BSW although it was still necessary to perform local modifications around some individual wells to fine tune their water cut matches.

GOR matching was improved by sensitizing on the critical gas saturation uncertainty limits as determined from core experiments, leading to an improved field GOR match.

A test of the history matched model with recent production history confirmed its reliability for use as a predictive tool in the optimisation study for the Ofon phase-2 project.

Update of the GOR and BSW match improved the economics of the phase-2 project leading to the validation of a more cost-effective project scope.