bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault damage zone volume and initial salinity distribution determine intensity of shallow aquifer salinisation in subsurface storage
Authors: Tillner Elena , Langer Maria , Kempka Thomas , Kühn Michael
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Injection of fluids into deep saline aquifers causes a pore pressure increase in the storage formation, and thus displacement of resident brine. Via hydraulically conductive faults, brine may migrate upwards into shallower aquifers and lead to unwanted salinisation of potable groundwater resources. In the present study, we investigated different scenarios for a potential storage site in the Northeast German Basin using a three-dimensional (3-D) regional-scale model that includes four major fault zones. The focus was on assessing the impact of fault length and the effect of a secondary reservoir above the storage formation, as well as model boundary conditions and initial salinity distribution on the potential salinisation of shallow groundwater resources. We employed numerical simulations of brine injection as a representative fluid. Our simulation results demonstrate that the lateral model boundary settings and the effective fault damage zone volume have the greatest influence on pressure build-up and development within the reservoir, and thus intensity and duration of fluid flow through the faults. Higher vertical pressure gradients for short fault segments or a small effective fault damage zone volume result in the highest salinisation potential due to a larger vertical fault height affected by fluid displacement. Consequently, it has a strong impact on the degree of shallow aquifer salinisation, whether a gradient in salinity exists or the saltwater–freshwater interface lies below the fluid displacement depth in the faults. A small effective fault damage zone volume or low fault permeability further extend the duration of fluid flow, which can persist for several tens to hundreds of years, if the reservoir is laterally confined. Laterally open reservoir boundaries, large effective fault damage zone volumes and intermediate reservoirs significantly reduce vertical brine migration and the potential of freshwater salinisation because the origin depth of displaced brine is located only a few decametres below the shallow aquifer in maximum. The present study demonstrates that the existence of hydraulically conductive faults is not necessarily an exclusion criterion for potential injection sites, because salinisation of shallower aquifers strongly depends on initial salinity distribution, location of hydraulically conductive faults and their effective damage zone volumes as well as geological boundary conditions.
The influence of riparian evapotranspiration on stream hydrology and nitrogen retention in a subhumid Mediterranean catchment
Authors: Lupon Anna , Bernal Susana , Poblador Sílvia , Martí Eugènia , Sabater Francesc
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) can influence stream hydrology at catchment scale by promoting the net loss of water from the stream towards the riparian zone (i.e., stream hydrological retention). However, the consequences of stream hydrological retention on nitrogen dynamics are not well understood. To fill this gap of knowledge, we investigated changes in riparian ET, stream discharge, and nutrient chemistry in two contiguous reaches (headwater and valley) with contrasted riparian forest size in a small forested Mediterranean catchment. Additionally, riparian groundwater level (hgw) was measured at the valley reach. The temporal pattern of riparian ET was similar between reaches, was positively correlated with hgw (ρ = 0.60), and negatively correlated with net riparian groundwater inputs (ρ < −0.55). During the vegetative period, stream hydrological retention occurred only at the valley reach (59 % of the time), and was accompanied by in-stream nitrate release and ammonium uptake. During the dormant period, when the stream gained water from riparian groundwater, results showed small influences of riparian ET on stream hydrology and nitrogen concentrations. Despite being a small component of annual water budgets (4.5 %), our results highlight that riparian ET drives stream and groundwater hydrology in this Mediterranean catchment and, furthermore, question the potential of the riparian zone as a natural filter of nitrogen loads.
Visualization and Quantification of the Penetration Behavior of Bentonite Suspensions into the Pore Network of non-cohesive Media by using μ-CT Imaging
Authors: Schoesser Britta , Ghorbanpour Atefeh , Halisch Matthias , Thewes Markus
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Bentonite suspensions are an essential tool for different construction techniques in horizontal and vertical drilling, in diaphragm and bored pile walls as well as in pipe jacking and tunneling. One of the main tasks of the suspension is to prevent the surrounding ground from collapsing during the excavation process of trenches, drill holes or tunnels. In order to maintain the soil stability close to the excavation, the bentonite suspension has to counteract against the earth and water pressure. Therefore, the pressure acting in the suspension has to counter the groundwater pressure and to be transferred into an effective stress to support the soil skeleton. The creation of a pressure transfer mechanism can be achieved in two ways. A direct relation exists between the mechanism of the pressure transfer and the penetration behavior of the bentonite suspension in the subsoil. The relation of the size of the bentonite particles in the suspension and the size of the pores in soft soil is decisive. In addition, the yield strength of the bentonite suspension is a determining factor. Concerning the penetration behavior two theoretical models exist actually: formation of a filter cake and entire penetration into the pore space. If the pore space is smaller than the size of the bentonite particles, a filtration process takes place. Here, the bentonite particles agglomerate gradually at the entrance of the pore space and create a thin nearly impermeable layer. This membrane is named filter cake. If the pore space is larger than the size of the bentonite particles, the suspension penetrates into the subsoil up to a certain depth. These models have a more theoretical character due to missing visual evidence concerning the interaction of the bentonite suspension in the pore space. Here, the micro CT technique delivers a valuable contribution to this research.
Reanalysis of long-term series of glaciological and geodetic mass balance for 10 Norwegian glaciers
Authors: Andreassen Liss M. , Elvehøy Hallgeir , Kjøllmoen Bjarne , Engeset Rune V.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Glaciological and geodetic methods provide independent observations of glacier mass balance. The glaciological method measures the surface mass balance, on a seasonal or annual basis, whereas the geodetic method measures surface, internal, and basal mass balances, over a period of years or decades. In this paper, we reanalyse the 10 glaciers with long-term mass-balance series in Norway. The reanalysis includes (i) homogenisation of both glaciological and geodetic observation series, (ii) uncertainty assessment, (iii) estimates of generic differences including estimates of internal and basal melt, (iv) validation, and, if needed, (v) calibration of mass-balance series. This study comprises an extensive set of data (484 mass-balance years, 34 geodetic surveys, and large volumes of supporting data, such as metadata and field notes). In total, 21 periods of data were compared and the results show discrepancies between the glaciological and geodetic methods for some glaciers, which are attributed in part to internal and basal ablation and in part to inhomogeneity in the data processing. Deviations were smaller than 0.2 m w.e. a−1 for 12 out of 21 periods. Calibration was applied to 7 out of 21 periods, as the deviations were larger than the uncertainty. The reanalysed glaciological series shows a more consistent signal of glacier change over the period of observations than previously reported: six glaciers had a significant mass loss (14–22 m w.e.) and four glaciers were nearly in balance. All glaciers have lost mass after the year 2000. More research is needed on the sources of uncertainty to reduce uncertainties and adjust the observation programmes accordingly. The study confirms the value of carrying out independent high-quality geodetic surveys to check and correct field observations.
ICESat laser altimetry over small mountain glaciers
Authors: Treichler D. , Kääb A.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Using sparsely glaciated southern Norway as a case study, we assess the potential and limitations of ICESat laser altimetry for analysing regional glacier elevation change in rough mountain terrain. Differences between ICESat GLAS elevations and reference elevation data are plotted over time to derive a glacier surface elevation trend for the ICESat acquisition period 2003–2008. We find spatially varying biases between ICESat and three tested digital elevation models (DEMs): the Norwegian national DEM, SRTM DEM and a high resolution LiDAR DEM. For regional glacier elevation change, the spatial inconsistency of reference DEMs – a result of spatio-temporal merging – has the potential to significantly affect or dilute trends. Elevation uncertainties of all three tested DEMs exceed ICESat elevation uncertainty by an order of magnitude, and are thus limiting the accuracy of the method, rather than ICESat uncertainty. After correction of reference elevation bias, we find that ICESat provides a robust and realistic estimate of a moderately negative glacier mass balance of around −0.30 m ± 0.06 ice per year. This regional estimate agrees well with the heterogeneous but overall negative in-situ glacier mass balance observed in the area. ICESat matches glacier size distribution of the study area well and measures also small ice patches not commonly monitored in-situ. The sample is large enough for spatial and thematic subsetting. Vertical offsets to ICESat elevations vary for different glaciers in southern Norway due to spatially inconsistent reference DEM age. We introduce a per-glacier correction that removes these spatially varying offsets, and considerably increases trend significance. Only after application of this correction do individual campaigns also fit to observed in-situ glacier mass balance. Our correction has the potential to improve glacier trend significance also for other causes of spatially varying vertical offsets, for instance due to radar penetration into ice and snow for the SRTM DEM, or as a consequence from mosaicking and merging that is common for national or global DEMs.
Use of an ultra-long-range terrestrial laser scanner to monitor the mass balance of very small glaciers in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Fischer Mauro , Huss Matthias , Kummert Mario , Hoelzle Martin
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Due to the relative lack of empirical field data, the response of very small glaciers (< 0.5 km2) to current atmospheric warming is not fully understood yet. Investigating their mass balance is a prerequisite to fill this knowledge gap. Application of the direct glaciological method is one option. Since most recently, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) techniques operating in the near infrared range are successfully applied for the creation of repeated high-resolution digital elevation models and consecutive derivation of annual geodetic mass balances of very small glaciers. This method is promising, as laborious and potentially dangerous field measurements as well as the inter- and extrapolation of point measurements can be circumvented. However, it still owes to be validated. Here, we present TLS-derived annual surface elevation and geodetic mass changes for five very small glaciers in Switzerland (Glacier de Prapio, Glacier du Sex Rouge, St. Annafirn, Schwarzbachfirn, and Pizolgletscher) and two consecutive years (2013/14–2014/15). The scans were acquired with an ultra-long-range Riegl VZ-6000 especially designed for surveying snow- and ice-covered terrain. Zonally variable conversion factors for firn and bare ice surfaces were applied to convert geodetic volume to mass changes. We compare the geodetic results to direct glaciological mass balance measurements coinciding with the TLS surveys and carefully assess the uncertainties and errors included in both methods. Average glacier-wide mass balances were negative in both years, showing remarkably stronger mass losses in 2014/15 (−1.65 m w.e.) compared to 2013/14 (−0.59 m w.e.). Geodetic mass balances were slightly less negative but in close agreement with the direct glaciological ones (R2 = 0.91). Due to the very dense in-situ measurements, the uncertainties in the direct glaciological mass balances were small compared to the majority of measured glaciers worldwide (±0.09 m w.e. yr−1 on average), and similar to uncertainties in the TLS-derived geodetic mass balances (±0.13 m w.e. yr−1).
CROSS-LINKING REACTIONS OF SILICA-FILLED EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER WITH FUMARIC ACID
Authors: Bakar Rohani Abu , Yahya Rosiyah , Gan Seng Neon
Published: March 2016

The dual functionality of epoxide and unsaturated sites in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) permits different types of cross-linking reactions. Besides the normal vulcanization via double bonds, alternative cross-linking reactions could take place via ring opening of epoxide groups by dicarboxylic acids and diamines. We investigated the cross-linking reactions of silica-filled ENR50 with fumaric acid. The cross-linking reactions at 160 °C were assessed using a Monsanto rheometer. Supporting evidence of the reactions was provided by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), solvent swelling, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. FT-IR showed new absorbance peaks of hydroxyl and ester groups in agreement with the structures expected to form during the reactions between ENR50 and fumaric acid. The increase in cross-links led to a lower percentage of solvent swelling, higher glass transition temperature, and higher torque. Incorporation of silica filler has further increased the torque due to the stiffening effect of the filler. The amorphous silica used in the current work was prepared from rice husk. Leaching of the rice husk with dilute sulfuric acid before the combustion at 600 °C for 2 h led to the production of high-purity amorphous silica (>99% SiO2).
Peritoneal Dialysis in Centenarian Patients: No Age Limitation?
Authors: Litjens Elisabeth J.R. , Mulder Wubbo J. , Peppelenbosch Noud G. , Cornelis Tom
Published: March 2016

Background

The majority of dialysis patients are elderly, and the trend towards even more elderly people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) will further determine the dialysis field in the future.

Method

If these elderly ESRD patients do not opt for conservative ESRD care, they may still qualify for peritoneal dialysis (PD), which may be assisted or unassisted.

Results

Although they may be more frail and have a greater co-morbidity burden compared to their younger counterparts, elderly patients with ESRD may still be able to maintain a good functionality level with adequate quality of life by performing PD, which may be assisted (treatment performed or supported e.g. by partner or nurse) or unassisted (without support). PD may indeed further contribute to maintaining autonomy, and enhance quality of life compared to in-center conventional hemodialysis. In order to illustrate this strategy, we hereby describe a centenarian patient with ESRD who received assisted PD successfully.

Conclusions

With appropriate management and infrastructure, (very) high age is not a contra-indication for PD.
Impact of Needles in Vascular Access for Hemodialysis
Authors: Marticorena Rosa M. , Donnelly Sandra M.
Published: March 2016

This article reviews pragmatic aspects of cannulation practice and types of cannulation devices, as well as their impact in vascular access for hemodialysis. Hemodialysis treatment requires successful insertion of two needles for each dialysis treatment. The first needle is the arterial needle; it removes blood with toxin accumulation from the patient and delivers it to the dialysis machine. The second needle, called the venous needle, returns the purified blood from the dialyzer to the patient. Mechanical and hemodynamic trauma related to needle insertions will be discussed.
The Value of Intravascular Ultrasound in the Treatment of Central Venous Obstructions in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: de Graaf Rick , van Laanen Jorinde , Peppelenbosch Noud , van Loon Magda , Tordoir Jan
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard in diagnosis and treatment of central venous obstructions (CVOs) in hemodialysis access. However, growing data suggest that DSA might underestimate the degree and morphology of venous outflow stenosis. This could lead to inappropriate CVO management. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been shown to identify lesion characteristics remaining obscure with angiography. With the current study we suggest IVUS as an eminent imaging modality in CVO management.

Methods

Twelve patients (8 male, mean age 62.4 ± 9 years) were analyzed for suspicion of symptomatic CVO. Both angiography and IVUS evaluation were performed to determine the degree of obstruction before and after PTA. Stent placement was indicated when significant residual stenosis (>50% lumen reduction) was suspected.

Results

Conventional plain angiography determined 8 out of 12 central venous lesions significant. Secondary signs of obstruction, i.e., collateral filling, was present in all 12 cases. After PTA, persistent significant stenosis was observed in 3 out of 12 patients. IVUS showed significant lumen reduction in all 12 cases. Additionally, IVUS showed a median cross-sectional area of 24 ± 12 mm2 before PTA and 37 ± 23 mm2 after PTA (NS). Furthermore, IVUS showed signs of intraluminal fibrotic trabeculations in 9 patients. Stenting was performed in 10 patients with >50% lumen reduction on IVUS after PTA.

Conclusions

Conventional angiography seems unreliable to identify all significant aspects of a central venous outflow obstruction. Additional use of IVUS might aid in the decision-making process and select the optimal treatment strategy.
Assessment: Growing Up Is a Many-Splendored Thing
Authors: Rhodes Terrel L.
Published: March 2016

This overview examines the current state of assessment and what is needed for student learning and success for graduates. In particular, an examination of current reductionist pressures and the focus on limited/disconnected measures related to learning that do not reflect demonstrated student achievement, as well as the emergence of promising alternatives, such as direct assessment (e.g., VALUE rubrics), collaborative efforts (e.g., the Multi-State Collaborative), and e-portfolios that privilege student authorship and creativity. The past twenty years highlight the importance of formative and summative assessment focused on improvement through project-based signature work useful for pedagogical improvements, curricular reform, and accountability.
Revising and Reflecting: How Assessment of APA Style Evolved Over Two Assessment Cycles in an Undergraduate Communication Program
Authors: Housley Gaffney Amy L.
Published: March 2016

This study presents one undergraduate program's analysis of a writing-centered learning outcome, operationalized in terms of American Psychological Association (APA) style, using a standardized rubric. The analysis of data from year one revealed several problematic areas. The rubric was revised and the same outcome was analyzed again the following year. Data from year two demonstrated improvement, but also revealed a different set of concerns. Ultimately, the process proved useful for assessing student writing and making revisions as a result.
Effects of Early Post-Mortem Rate of pH fall and aging on Tenderness and Water Holding Capacity of Meat from Cull Dairy Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Santos Carlos , Moniz Carlos , Roseiro Cristina , Tavares Marina , Medeiros Vera , Afonso Isabel , Dias Manuel A. , Da Ponte Duarte J. B.
Published: March 2016

Fast or slow muscle pH fall may give unacceptable purge losses or tough meat, depending much on concomitant evolution of muscle temperature early post-mortem, costing millions of euros to the meat industry. Tenderness and purge losses of Longissimus thoracis/lumborum (LTL) and Gluteus medius (Gm) sampled from cull dairy cows differing in production status (10 lactating vs. 22 dried off) and aging time, were evaluated regarding different rates of pH2 fall. Shear force related to pH2 was dependent on muscle and aging time. The intermediate glycolysis led to lower shear force in LTL, while the faster produced best quality in Gm. Purge was influenced by pH2 (P=0.0077), aging (P<0.0001) and muscle*pH2 interaction (P<0.0001). Aging affected thawing (P<0.0001), grilling (P=0.0004) and overall losses (P<0.0001). Under the ruled chilling regime, the fast pH fall in Gm and the slow pH fall in LTL approached out of the ideal pH6/temperature limits, being compatible with heat and cold shortening, respectively.
Time-Dependent and Time-Independent Rheological Characterization of Date Syrup
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim O. , Hassan Eihab
Published: March 2016

The time-dependent and time-independent rheological properties of Barhi date syrup have been investigated. Rheological measurements were performed with a rotational viscometer with parallel plate geometry. The date syrup showed thixotropic behavior and a first order exponential decay model characterized the time-dependent behavior. The rate constant of the structure breakdown was found to be a function of shear rate. The steady shear flow measurements showed that the date syrup is a non-Newtonian material fit the power law model (p <0.001). The Arrhenius model described the effect of temperature on consistency coefficient; the estimated parameters from the Arrhenius equation were used to develop a prediction rheological model for the apparent viscosity. The model accurately predicts the experimental data even when extrapolating beyond parameter estimation temperature range. The time-independent viscosity model was satisfactory for modeling date syrup despite the presence of thixotropic behavior.
Method Modification Study for the Thermo Scientific SureTect™ Listeria Species Assay–Matrix Extension
Authors: Cloke Jonathan , Evans Katharine , Crabtree David , Hughes Annette , Simpson Helen , Holopainen Jani , Wickstrand Nina , Kauppinen Mikko , Leon-Velarde Carlos , Larson Nathan , Dave Keron , Chen Yi , Ryser Elliot , Carter Mark
Published: March 2016

The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Listeria species assay is a new real-time PCR assay for the detection of all species of Listeria in food and environmental samples. The assay was originally certified as Performance Tested MethodsSM (PTM) 071304 in 2013. This report details the method modification study undertaken to extend the performance claims of the assay for matrixes of raw ground turkey, raw ground pork, bagged lettuce, raw pork sausages, pasteurized 2% fat milk, raw cod, pasteurized brie cheese, and ice cream. The method modification study was conducted using the AOAC Research Institute (RI) PTM program to validate the SureTect PCR assay in comparison to the reference method detailed in ISO 11290-1:1996 including amendment 1:2004. All matrixes were tested by Thermo Fisher Scientific (Basingstoke, United Kingdom). In addition, three matrixes (raw cod, bagged lettuce, and pasteurized brie cheese) were analyzed independently as part of the AOAC RI-controlled independent laboratory study by the University of Guelph, Canada. Using probability of detection statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in the performance between the SureTect assay and the International Organization for Standardization reference method for any of the matrixes analyzed in this study.
A ação mediada na perspectiva do interacionismo histórico-cultural como perspectiva didática no ensino da língua
Authors: Santos de Morales Renata , Reck Maggi Noeli , Martinez Américo Rebeca
Published: March 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo trazer para o debate os efeitos da ação da cultura no que se refere
Representações, valores e crenças em discursos de professores da educação básica e implicações na (form)ação docente
Authors: Barros Ev Angela Batista Rodrigues de
Published: March 2016

Como importante política pública, o investimento na iniciação à docência, por meio de um programa específico – o PIBID – tem conquistado alguns resultados promissores na reaproximação entre futuros docentes e a escola pública. Na Universidade em que atuo, esse programa tem por princípio norteador ampliar a interlocução entre a academia e a educação básica, propiciando a todos os seus participantes momentos de estudo, discussão e enriquecimento pessoal, cultural e profissional, por meio das diversas atividades. Passando por momentos que vão desde a idealização, planejamento e execução dos projetos de intervenção, além da reflexão sobre os problemas enfrentados no cotidiano e ao retorno mais concertado à ação pedagógica, tem possibilitado emergir aspectos importantes relativos à docência, promovendo uma desautomatização de práticas e concepções pedagógicas, além de uma desnaturalização de procedimentos, permitindo enxergar  sobre o modo de enxergar a si e à realidade, tanto no âmbito profissional como mais amplamente. Como culminância, tem fomentado e possibilitado a participação dos envolvidos em seminários (internos e externos) com apresentação dos trabalhos realizados. Neste artigo, serão discutidas algumas representações sociais (Moscovici, 2003), constitutivas do ethos  da profissão docente, a partir dos discursos de cinco docentes da área de Letras, professoras do ensino médio da rede pública estadual,. Para Larrosa (2002), somos "seres viventes com palavras", vivemos media(tiza)dos pela palavra. Dessa forma, as respostas trazidas à discussão, a partir dos questionários aplicados, esboçam discurso(s) dos docentes sobre como se percebem e ao seu fazer pedagógico e delineiam-se sentidos e sentimentos atribuídos ao seu espaço de atuação, a escola básica.
Formação continuada para professores de língua portuguesa: interação na base de uma proposta cooperativa?
Authors: Carnin Anderson , Guimarães Ana Maria De Mattos
Published: March 2016

Este artigo dedica-se à discussão da formação continuada de professores em uma perspectiva cooperativa. Para tanto, efetua a análise de um dos pilares do projeto de pesquisa “Por uma formação continuada cooperativa para o desenvolvimento do processo educativo de leitura e produção textual escrita no ensino fundamental”: a noção de interação e sua relação com o conceito de cooperação na formação continuada de professores. Problematiza-se a noção de cooperação no escopo desse projeto e produzem-se reflexões que permitem entender como a interação entre universidade e escola pode produzir novos espaços de interlocução e produção de conhecimento sobre a formação e o trabalho do professor e sua relação com a pesquisa acadêmica. A experiência discutida permite refletir sobre a (re)significação de propostas de formação continuada docente na área de ensino de língua portuguesa a partir do modelo proposto.
“Já era uma perseguição velada”: narrativas de discriminação homofóbica no contexto militar em perspectiva interacionista
Authors: Costa Flávia Huber , Biar Liana De Andrade
Published: March 2016

Parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla que tem como foco narrativas sobre discriminação homofóbica em contexto militar, o presente artigo se debruça sobre a materialidade discursiva de uma entrevista de pesquisa com um militar do Exército brasileiro que se identifica como gay. A análise, de natureza qualitativa e interpretativista, se dá em perspectiva micro-interacional e a partir do arcabouço teórico da análise de narrativa (BASTOS, 2003; 2008; AUTOR, 2015; DE FINA, 2009) e das noções de estigma e face (GOFFMAN, 1959; 1988). Os resultados descrevem elementos estruturais e avaliativos centrais de tais narrativas, que em geral se referem a eventos de punição disciplinar cuja motivação última teria sido discriminatória. A partir dessas histórias, os interlocutores realizam ações conjuntas nas quais: (i) produzem accounts para as punições disciplinares narradas que isentam o entrevistado de responsabilidade; (ii) constroem um significado moral negativo para essas punições, definidas como perseguições homofóbicas; (iii) atribuem responsabilidade sobre os eventos narrados de forma difusa ou individual, salvaguardando a instituição militar. Para além de seus compromissos teóricos, o trabalho busca contribuir de forma aplicada para a construção de entendimentos sobre contextos em que performances identitárias da vida social de indivíduos impactam suas relações e avaliações profissionais e institucionais.
L’interaction entre grammaire et texte: les défis didactiques d’une prescription innovante
Authors: Bronckart Ecaterina-Elena Bulea
Published: March 2016

Au-delà des questions théoriques qu’elle soulève, l’interaction entre grammaire et texte constitue un vrai défi pour la didactique des langues et la formation des enseignants. Cet article en examine certaines des raisons, sur la base de l’analyse de la situation en Suisse romande: il met d’abord en évidence le caractère innovant de la prescription aujourd’hui en vigueur dans ce contexte, qui préconise un enseignement intégré des dimensions grammaticales et textuelles de la langue; il montre ensuite le décalage qui existe entre cette prescription et les moyens dont disposent les enseignants pour la réaliser, décalage qui conduit à ce que l’interaction entre grammaire et texte devienne une incontournable problématique de formation; il formule enfin un ensemble de propositions pour la formation des enseignants en ce domaine.

Mots-clés: Interaction(s); Grammaire; Texte; Enseignement; Formation.
O direito à angústia e à felicidade em Luuanda
Authors: Salgado Maria Teresa
Published: March 2016

Nos 50 anos de aniversário da obra Luuanda, de Luandino Vieira, considerada uma das mais importantes da ficção angolana, propomos uma reflexão sobre a sua atualidade. Partimos da ideia de que a angústia que atravessa todos os contos merece ser "escutada". Nossa leitura propõe um análise psicossocial implicada da obra, seguindo as sugestões de João Frayze Pereira; partimos dos detalhes que os contos nos oferecem, ao descortinar não só a violência e a angústia, mas também as suas consequências. Pensamos nos recalques, atualizados nas situações oníricas, nos chistes e em outros aspectos do reprimido. Além disso, propomos uma leitura de Luuanda em confronto com o que se vive 50 anos depois de sua elaboração, isto é, o que se vive hoje na cena social angolana.

Palavras chave- angústia, felicidade, Luandino Vieira, Luuanda, análise psicossocial implicada

 
Um romance interdisciplinar revolucionário
Authors: Cardoso Gomes Álvaro
Published: March 2016

Este artigo analisa o romance No hospício, de Rocha Pombo, procurando mostrar como o autor envereda pelo experimentalismo romanesco, o que o leva a criar uma obra revolucionária. Impregnando sua ficção com reflexões estéticas, metafísicas e a poesia, o autor criou um romance inovador que reflete as grandes inquietações do Simbolismo, no final do século XIX.
The intertext of modernism in Crônica da casa assassinada, de Lúcio Cardoso
Authors: Redmond William Valentine
Published: March 2016

Abstract

This article reflects on the many opinions about the author of the of Crônica da casa assassinada as a modernist or postmodernist writer.  Examining the narrative techniques used by the author, maybe influenced by his wide reading of foreign literatures , it may be possible to clarify a little the question of the position of Lucio Cardoso in relation to the literary movements of the twentieth century. His personal experience as a writer passes through the process of impersonalisation, transforming his masterpiece into a universal symbol.  It is hoped that this paper will show how this transformation of his personal experience comes across to the readers in the form of a modernist and not as some say, a post modernist novel.

 

Resumo:

Este artigo reflete sobre as muitas opiniões acerca do autor da Crônica da casa assassinada como um escritor modernista ou pós-modernista. Examinando as técnicas narrativas utilizadas pelo autor, talvez influenciado por sua vasta leitura de literaturas estrangeiras relatadas,  seria possível clarear um pouco esta questão da posicionamento de Lucio Cardoso com relação aos movimentos literários do século XX. A experiência pessoal do escritor passa por um processo de impessoalidade, através da transmutação e amalgamação, transformando a obra em símbolo universal. Espera-se com esta comunicação discutir o modo como essa transmutação chega ao leitor em forma de um romance modernista e não, como às vezes se afirma, como um romance pós-modernista.

 
Géneros narrativos nas literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa – entre a tradição africana e o “cânone ocidental”
Authors: Mata Inocência
Published: March 2016

Depois do golpe de Estado em Portugal, a 25 de Abril de 1974, começámos, nos países africanos ainda colónias de Portugal, a estudar os “nossos” escritores. Andava eu ainda no liceu e naquele tempo não me lembro de termos estudado autores brasileiros e muito menos africanos. Por isso, na altura, uma questão que me intrigou q uando tive contacto com os primeiros textos africanos, foi a palavra estória – em vez de conto – para referir narrativas curtas. Primeiro pensei tratar-se de mais um “africanismo” (explicação então em voga para qualquer “desvio”); depois, quando fui aprofundando o estudo das literaturas africanas, na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, como aluna do Professor Manuel Ferreira, esta questão nunca foi referida como “problema” e, por isso, a designação “naturalizou-se”… Até que me tornei estudiosa dessas literaturas, já então conhecedora da presença do termo na literatura brasileira.
Optimal Path Planning for Minimizing Base Disturbance of Space Robot
Authors: Wei Xiao-Peng , Zhang Jian-Xia , Zhou Dong-Sheng , Zhang Qiang
Published: March 2016

The path planning of free-floating space robot in space on-orbit service has been paid more and more attention. The problem is more complicated because of the interaction between the space robot and base. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the base position and attitude disturbance to improve the path planning of free-floating space robot, reducing the fuel consumption for the position and attitude maintenance. In this paper, a reasonable path planning method to solve the problem is presented, which is feasible and relatively simple. First, the kinematic model of 6 degrees of freedom free-floating space robot is established. And then the joint angles are parameterized using the 7th order polynomial sine functions. The fitness function is defined according to the position and attitude of minimizing base disturbance and constraints of space robot. Furthermore, an improved chaotic particle swarm optimization (ICPSO) is presented. The proposed algorithm is compared with the standard PSO and CPSO algorithm in the literature by the experimental simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more effective than the two other approaches, such as easy to find the optimal solution, and this method could provide a satisfactory path for the free-floating space robot.
Absolute Navigation Information Estimation for Micro Planetary Rovers
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad , Cho Kuk , Park Sangdeok , Baeg Seung-Ho
Published: March 2016

This paper provides algorithms to estimate absolute navigation information, e.g., absolute attitude and position, by using low power, weight and volume Microelectromechanical Systems-type (MEMS) sensors that are suitable for micro planetary rovers. Planetary rovers appear to be easily navigable robots due to their extreme slow speed and rotation but, unfortunately, the sensor suites available for terrestrial robots are not always available for planetary rover navigation. This makes them difficult to navigate in a completely unexplored, harsh and complex environment. Whereas the relative attitude and position can be tracked in a similar way as for ground robots, absolute navigation information, unlike in terrestrial applications, is difficult to obtain for a remote celestial body, such as Mars or the Moon. In this paper, an algorithm called the EASI algorithm (Estimation of Attitude using Sun sensor and Inclinometer) is presented to estimate the absolute attitude using a MEMS-type sun sensor and inclinometer, only. Moreover, the output of the EASI algorithm is fused with MEMS gyros to produce more accurate and reliable attitude estimates. An absolute position estimation algorithm has also been presented based on these on-board sensors. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of the proposed algorithms and the sensor suite for low-cost and low-weight micro planetary rovers.
Stereo Vision Guiding for the Autonomous Landing of Fixed-Wing UAVs: A Saliency-Inspired Approach
Authors: Ma Zhaowei , Hu Tianjiang , Shen Lincheng
Published: March 2016

It is an important criterion for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to land on the runway safely. This paper concentrates on stereo vision localization of a fixed-wing UAV's autonomous landing within global navigation satellite system (GNSS) denied environments. A ground stereo vision guidance system imitating the human visual system (HVS) is presented for the autonomous landing of fixed-wing UAVs. A saliency-inspired algorithm is presented and developed to detect flying UAV targets in captured sequential images. Furthermore, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) based state estimation is employed to reduce localization errors caused by measurement errors of object detection and pan-tilt unit (PTU) attitudes. Finally, stereo-vision-dataset-based experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed visual detection method and error correction algorithm. The compared results between the visual guidance approach and differential GPS-based approach indicate that the stereo vision system and detection method can achieve the better guiding effect.
An Address Event Representation-Based Processing System for a Biped Robot
Authors: Jaramillo-Avila Uziel , Rostro-Gonzalez Horacio , Camuñas-Mesa Luis A. , Romero-Troncoso Rene de Jesus , Linares-Barranco Bernabe
Published: March 2016

In recent years, several important advances have been made in the fields of both biologically inspired sensorial processing and locomotion systems, such as Address Event Representation-based cameras (or Dynamic Vision Sensors) and in human-like robot locomotion, e.g., the walking of a biped robot. However, making these fields merge properly is not an easy task. In this regard, Neuromorphic Engineering is a fast-growing research field, the main goal of which is the biologically inspired design of hybrid hardware systems in order to mimic neural architectures and to process information in the manner of the brain. However, few robotic applications exist to illustrate them. The main goal of this work is to demonstrate, by creating a closed-loop system using only bio-inspired techniques, how such applications can work properly. We present an algorithm using Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) for a biped robot equipped with a Dynamic Vision Sensor, which is designed to follow a line drawn on the floor. This is a commonly used method for demonstrating control techniques. Most of them are fairly simple to implement without very sophisticated components; however, it can still serve as a good test in more elaborate circumstances. In addition, the locomotion system proposed is able to coordinately control the six DOFs of a biped robot in switching between basic forms of movement. The latter has been implemented as a FPGA-based neuromorphic system. Numerical tests and hardware validation are presented.
Leader-Follower Formation for Nonholonomic Mobile Robots: Discrete-Time Approach
Authors: Cruz-Morales Raul Dali , Velasco-Villa Martin , Castro-Linares Rafael , Palacios-Hernandez Elvia R.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a novel solution for the classical leader-follower formation problem considering the case of nonholonomic mobile robots. A formation control strategy is proposed in a discrete-time context by considering the exact discrete-time discretization of the non-linear continuous-time kinematic model of the vehicle. The geometric formation of the robots allows us to derive an alternative model that describes the time evolution of the relative distance and angle between the robots. These variables are obtained in real-time by a vision-based localization system on board, in which the follower robot is equipped with a Kinect device, together with a recognition board mounted on the leader robot. The boundedness of the relative position error is formally proven by considering a feedback law that is delayed by one sampling period of time. Numerical simulations and real-time experiments are presented to verify the performance of the control strategy.
A New Objective Function for Obstacle Avoidance by Redundant Service Robot Arms
Authors: Dede Mehmet Ismet Can , Maaroof Omar W. , Tatlicioglu Enver
Published: March 2016

The performance of task-space tracking control of kinematically redundant robots regulating self-motion to ensure obstacle avoidance is studied and discussed. As the sub-task objective, the links of the kinematically redundant assistive robot should avoid any collisions with the patient that is being assisted. The shortcomings of the obstacle avoidance algorithms are discussed and a new obstacle avoidance algorithm is proposed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated with tests that were carried out using the virtual model of a seven degrees-of-freedom robot arm. The test results indicate that the developed controller for the robot manipulator is successful in both accomplishing the main-task and the sub-task objectives.
Pneumocystis jiroveci and Cytomegalovirus co-infection in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Simon Donald , Greyling K E , Irusen E M , Rigby J , Taljaard J J , Koegelenberg C F N
Published: March 2016

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A paradoxical cause of hypoxia and orthodeoxia in a stroke patient
Authors: Soma Priscilla , Joseph D , Ahmad S , Ellemdin S
Published: March 2016

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Difficulties with interpreting cytokines/chemokines values in disease states
Authors: Jeena Prakash
Published: March 2016

This edition of the journal features an interesting article on cytokine/chemokine profiles in HIV exposed infants with hypoxic pneumonia.
Situating Canada’s Commercial Surrogacy Ban in a Transnational Context: A Postcolonial
Feminist Call for Legalization and Public Funding
Authors: Deckha Maneesha
Published: March 2016

In large part due to feminist interventions in the early 1990s about the dangers of
assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) for women, Canada banned several practices related
to ARTs when it enacted the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHRA) in
2004. Notably, the AHRA prohibited commercial surrogacy. Feminists feared that a
market in surrogacy would exploit and objectify marginalized Canadian women who would be
pressured into renting out their wombs to bear children for privileged couples. Since the
early feminist deliberations that led to the ban, surrogacy has globalized. Canadians and
other citizens of the Global North routinely travel to the Global South to source
gestational surrogates. In doing so, they partake in an industry that heavily depends on
material disparities and discursive ideologies of gender, class, and race. Indeed, the
transnational nature of surrogacy treatment substantially reshapes the earlier feminist
commodification debates informing the AHRA that took the domestic sphere as the
presumed terrain of contestation. Due to the transnational North-South nature of surrogacy,
a postcolonial feminist perspective should guide feminist input on whether to allow
commercial surrogacy in Canada. I argue that when this framework is applied to the issue,
the resulting analysis favours legalization of commercial surrogacy in Canada as well as
public funding for domestic surrogacy services and ancillary ARTs.
R. v. Spencer: Anonymity, the Rule of Law, and the Shrivelling of the
Biographical Core
Authors: Hunt Chris , Rankin Micah
Published: March 2016

The Supreme Court of Canada’s recent decision in R. v. Spencer is likely
to become a landmark decision on informational privacy. Spencer addressed the issue
of whether an Internet user charged with possession and distribution of child pornography
had a Charter-protected privacy interest in his Internet subscriber information. A
unanimous Supreme Court answered this question in the affirmative, primarily because such
information could lead to the identification of a user carrying out intimate or sensitive
activities in circumstances where the user would believe that his or her activities would be
carried out anonymously. The immediate practical consequence of Spencer is that
police will henceforth be required to obtain prior judicial authorization before requesting
a person’s Internet subscriber information—a holding that squarely contradicts a number of
recent appellate court decisions. In this comment, the authors argue that Spencer
is likely to have a significant, and possibly transformative, impact on section 8
jurisprudence. In their view, the Court’s recognition of “anonymity” as an independent value
underlying section 8 of the Charter leads to a more robust account of privacy—an
account that is more consistent with theoretical approaches to the concept. The authors
argue that the recognition of a right to anonymity may also serve to support the rule of law
by refocusing the section 8 analysis on unwanted scrutiny by the state. In addition, an
emphasis on the right to anonymity may lead to a diminished role for the analytical device
known as the “biographical core”. The authors conclude their comment with a discussion of
the Court’s decision to admit the impugned evidence under section 24(2) of the
Charter, arguing that the Court placed too much emphasis on the legal uncertainty
surrounding the search.
Extracting grid cell characteristics from place cell inputs using non-negative principal component analysis
Authors: Dordek Yedidyah , Soudry Daniel , Meir Ron , Derdikman Dori
Published: March 2016

Many recent models study the downstream projection from grid cells to place cells, while recent data have pointed out the importance of the feedback projection. We thus asked how grid cells are affected by the nature of the input from the place cells. We propose a single-layer neural network with feedforward weights connecting place-like input cells to grid cell outputs. Place-to-grid weights are learned via a generalized Hebbian rule. The architecture of this network highly resembles neural networks used to perform Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Both numerical results and analytic considerations indicate that if the components of the feedforward neural network are non-negative, the output converges to a hexagonal lattice. Without the non-negativity constraint, the output converges to a square lattice. Consistent with experiments, grid spacing ratio between the first two consecutive modules is −1.4. Our results express a possible linkage between place cell to grid cell interactions and PCA.