bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher Views on Programming Teaching
Authors: DAĞ Funda , DURDU Levent
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the processes of programming teaching in the context of Information Technologies and Software course. In the study where qualitative research method was adopted, teachers' answers to open-ended questions were subjected to content analysis and common themes were created. Within this scope, nine Information Technology Teachers graduated from different programs, working in different regions and different school types have answered open-ended questions. Teachers defined their knowledge as intermediate and above-sufficient in terms of block-based programming tools, and expressed themselves as beginner or not competent, especially for physical programming environments. There was no positive or negative trend in teaching computer science at an early age according to teachers. There are both positive and negative views on Information Network in Education Activity Books and Coding Guide. The number of students per computer is the most important problem raised regarding the instructional process. On the students’ side, students are uninterested to the course and students do not have computers at home for practicing. The teachers stated that there is a need for teaching material for a more effective teaching process and laboratory conditions need to be improved.
Oportunidades y riesgos del proceso de internacionalización de Colombia. Una aplicación del índice Elcano
Authors: Concha-Velásquez José Roberto , Zuluaga-Gómez Leidy Vanessa , Gómez-Aldana Oscar Alberto
Published: December 2020

Las relaciones exteriores cumplen un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de la economía de un país. El objetivo de este estudio fue aplicar el índice Elcano de oportunidades y riesgos estratégicos para la economía española en el contexto colombiano. Este índice se presenta como un radar de las oportunidades y riesgos estratégicos a los que se enfrenta una economía en cuanto a su proceso de internacionalización. Para este estudio se adaptó el mismo modelo utilizado en el análisis de España, con el fin de identificar la interdependencia de Colombia. Se concluyó que, en las relaciones de comercio e inversión internacionales, Colombia no ha tenido grandes cambios en los últimos doce años, considerando los países analizados, con excepción de Ecuador y Venezuela.
First Description of Larva of Trombidium rimosum C. L. Koch, 1837 (Acari: Trombidiidae) From Turkey
Authors: KARAKURT İbrahim , SEVSAY Sevgi
Published: December 2020

Trombidium rimosum C. L. Koch, 1837, which shows distribution in Europe, has been known only to postlarval forms to date. In this study, for the first time, larvae of Trombidium rimosum are described and illustrated from Turkey. All larvae were obtained by experimental rearing from field-collected females. Also, an abnormality was noted for larvae of this species.
Experimental Investigation of the Effects on Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Mud of Fly Ash Addition with Different Particle Size and Concentration
Authors: ÖZKAN Abdullah , TURAN Sıtkı , ÖZKAN Vildan
Published: December 2020

Performance of the drilling fluid is a great concern in drilling operations. Recently, many studies have been carried out on how to perform drilling operations more economically and effectively. Herein this paper effect of the fly ash addition with different particle sizes and concentrations on rheological and filtration properties of drilling muds is studied. For this purpose, fly ash is sieved and 32 µm, 63 µm and 90 µm sub sieve samples are obtained. Each of these predetermined fly ash samples with different particle sizes are mixed with fly ash 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 % w/v. The physical properties of the drilling muds were determined based on API recommended methods including all filtration and rheological properties. It is observed that rheological properties and filtration properties are positively effected by fly ash addition. For rheological properties effect of particle size on related properties are similar while for the filtration properties particle size matters where lost circulation is decreased with smaller particle sizes.
Investigation of Long Term Mechanical Properties of Sulphur Polymer Concrete and Comparison with Portland Cement Concrete
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Onur , ÖNER Adnan
Published: December 2020

Sulphur polymer concretes (SPC) are widely used in construction technologies as building materials in recent years. Knowing the strength changes of SPCs used in structural members during their service life is of great importance in terms of building health. Therefore, it is aimed to determine the long-term strength changes of bitumen modified SPCs within the scope of this study. First, the sulphur modification was made using 2.5% by weight of bitumen. Modified sulphur (MS) samples were examined with DSC and SEM to see if the modification was realized. Compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength tests were carried out on SPC samples prepared with MS at the end of 1-hour, 1-day, 7, 28 and 360 days. Traditional Portland cement concrete (PCC) was prepared to be the same as the 28-day compressive strength of SPC, and the same tests were carried out to examine the results found comparatively. It was determined that the compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength values of SPCs at the end of 1-hour reached 78%, 86% and 84%, respectively. It was determined that while the long-term strength values of PCCs increased, the long-term strength of SPCs decreased.
Precedent hagionyms as means to verbalize the concept
of FAITH/UNBELIEF in contemporary German novels
Authors: Blinova Y. A.
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the use of precedent proper names of biblical origin from contemporary German novels through the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The precedent hagionyms are seen as markers of the religious mindset and a means to verbalize religious involvement and the linguo cultural concept of FAITH/UNBELIEF. The precedent hagionyms in artistic discourse are used denotatively, in comparative constructions, and as part of biblical phraseology; they act as means of expressing figurative and value components of the concept of FAITH due to their strong implicational features. When used denotatively, the hagionyms manifest not only their nominative identifying function but a characterizing one as well, since every such hagionym is supported by a precedent, either an event or a text. Phraseological units containing hagionyms act as reference models for evaluation of current events, phenomena or states; they are also used humorously and ironically and as such demonstrate scepticism and negative attitudes of the speaker towards the objects of their speech, thus manifesting the concept of UNBELIEF. Hagionyms in the speech of contemporary characters contribute to the emotionality of their utterances. On the one hand, precedental hagionyms in contemporary German fiction testify that a layer of Christian culture still exists in the German language. On the other hand, the peculiarities of their usage demonstrate that linguocultural concept of FAITH is being transformed and filled with everyday phenomena and a new patchwork religious identity is being formed
On the Finno-Ugric substratum in the hydronymy
of the Tambov region
Authors: Deviatkina E. M.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses hydronymic topoformants on the territory of the Tambov region, related to the Finno-Ugric substrate. Their most common series are highlighted. For some toponyms, new etymologies are proposed. It is determined that appellatives presented as toponyms make it possible to determine the semantic content of hydronyms. The semantic motivation of the toponyms of hydronyms with Finno-Ugric etymologies on the territory of the Tambov region is due to the names of geographical objects, the names of flora and fauna, reflection of the size, shape, nature and direction of the flow of the object. As expected, the inclusion of Mordovian topoformants in the foundations of Russian and other substratum origin, the inclusion of Mordovian toponyms in toponymic phrases according to Russian derivational models is noted
Each of us is Sazonov in his own way. Book review: Zverev V.V. Experience
of political biography of G.P. Sazonov. Moscow: Institut rossiiskoi istorii RAN: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2019, 440 p.
Authors: Babashkin V. V.
Published: December 2020

The author of the book has made a significant contribution to the development of such a genre of historical literature as political biography. The quality of the Russian language used in the monograph is highly appreciated. Though a number of summary assessments which the author applies to characterize the personality of the central figure of the book involve some criticism
Armenian diaspora in Russia: contemporary approaches to studying
Authors: Leontieva O. B. , Mkrtchyan L. G.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the review is to characterize general theoretical approaches to the study of diasporas in contemporary science and to present a historiographic analysis of the study of the Armenian diaspora in Russia. The research is based on a complex of historiographic sources: monographs, collective works, scientific articles, theses, that are devoted to the phenomenon of diasporas in the modern world. The authors emphasize the relevance of the study of diasporas in the context of globalization, mass migration, formation of new ethnic communities and polemics around the policy of multiculturalism. At present, the study of diasporas is conducted within the frameworks of history and philosophy, sociology and political science, ethnology and cultural studies, demography and economics, which explains the variety of methodological approaches to the phenomenon of the diaspora. Representatives of different humanities distinguish such defining features of the diaspora as stable ethnic (nostalgic) identity and collective memory, the presence of self-organization and a developed network of intragroup communications, a special style of life behavior and strategies for survival in the host society. These theoretical approaches find application in the study of the Armenian diaspora in Russia, which is a part of the world Armenian diaspora and at the same time has unique socio-cultural characteristics. Currently, the Armenian diaspora in Russia is widely studied both on a national scale and at the regional level, however, most studies cover only the southern regions and the capital of the Russian Federation. The creation of a comprehensive history of the Armenian diaspora in the Middle Volga region is an urgent scientific task. In the final part of the review, the authors outline possible prospects for further study of the Armenian diaspora in Russia and individual regions; this task can be solved using an interdisciplinary approach.
Parametric status of the subject of utterance
Authors: Danilova N. K.
Published: December 2020

The article proposes a possible solution to the problem of the poly-subjectness of narrative discourse, associated with the hybrid nature of artistic communication, in which not only the world of narration is modeled, but also the communicative situation of communication. As one of the parameters of the discursive process, the analysis of which makes it possible to observe the intensive interaction of a number of systems participating in modeling the imaginary world of a work of art, the subject of the statement is considered, in M. Foucault's terminology, an empty position in discourse. The narrative text can be viewed as a complex of a number of communicative phenomena, as a special type of social interaction. A speech act, in which the text becomes an integral component, represents, according to this point of view, a two-unit complex of events, the process of the speaker's production of an utterance and the process of interpretive perception of the finished speech product. The interaction of the author and the reader takes place at the point I here now (Origo), in which an event takes place, which in the theory of the speaking subject of Yu. Kristeva is defined as passing the zero position subject of evocation-process and statement-result. In a complexly structured artistic message, the dynamics of the subject of utterance is expressed in the alternation of pronoun forms. In the structure of discourse, the subject of utterance forms a position, filling which the grammatical subject realizes the relationship between the grammatical and the communicative system, which represents a complex perspective of communication. The observer's area, which determines the communicative situation of narrative discourse, completely excluding interpersonal relations (this is what Bakhtin means when he speaks of the absence of dramatic relations between the author and the reader). The introduction of the observer category makes it possible to describe the position of out-of-access, according to which the author is on the border of fiction. The perspective of the observer explains another feature of literary communication, described by M.M. Bakhtin as the birth of meanings at the moment of meeting (dialogue) of the consciousnesses of both participants.
Authorial compatibility of words in I.A. Goncharov’s novels:
comparative stylometry
Authors: Mukhin M. Yu. , Mukhin M. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The following article deals with peculiarities of unique lexical compatibility in classical prose of the XIX century and contains preliminary results of the cross-disciplinary corpus research performed by group of scientists of the Ural Federal University. This project suggests creation of individual syntagmatic profiles for the famous Russian writers. With works of I.A. Goncharov as an example and compared to the texts of other authors special context surrounding for words zhizn (life) and zhit (live) is systematized. Initial material is extracted through comparative statistical analysis of bigrams lexical pairs, when used in the same phrase context. Lexems zhizn (life) and zhit (live) are one of the most frequent words in Russian language, however, each author tends to use them in his own, special context surrounding. Novels by I.A. Goncharov (A Common Story, Oblomov, The Precipice, Frigate Pallada) provide relatively more issues of authors individual lexical compatibility for these words, than texts created by others; in addition a full list of syntagmatically active words for Goncharovs texts is represented in this article. Context analysis is conducted to show, how semantic connections between words in contexts reflect conceptual characteristics of Goncharovs idiostyle. Comments on the individual use of words zhizn (life) and zhit (live) by other writers A.P. Chekhov, L.N. Tolstoy, I.S. Turgenev and F.M. Dostoevsky are given. Conclusions are drawn about perspectives of performing comparative statistical analysis of lexical syntagmatics in modern philology
„Zapowiada się nadzwyczajny aktor”. Karol Wojtyła w podziemnym Teatrze Rapsodycznym
Authors: Dziedzic Stanisław
Published: December 2020

Karol Wojtyła’s decision to start Polish Philology at the Jagiellonian University after graduating from the State Marcin Wadowita Secondary School was no surprise to those who knew him in Wadowice. His theatrical interests and talents, mainly acting and directing, were widely known. He helped found a high school theatrical group, acted in the Amateur Universal Theatre run by Mieczysław Kotlarczyk, and on the stage of the Catholic House. His mentor in the field of the theatre was Mieczysław Kotlarczyk. As a secondary school student, Wojtyła had already started writing poetry, and possibly his Beskid Ballads had already been created. He wanted to become an actor, but also developed as a writer. Cracow, with its creative environment and student peers, supported his theatrical and literature endeavours. Besides his university studies, he also developed his acting skills in the Studio 39 theatre group. During the Nazi occupation of Poland, Studio 39 members continued their underground activities. After Mieczysław Kotlarczyk arrived in Cracow in 1941, the Studio was transformed into the Rhapsodic Theatre. Wojtyła participated in all 7 premiere performances. With his talent and acting capabilities, together with his deep theatrical knowledge, he was a rising hope for his underground companions in the field of acting. His skills were appreciated by such famous actors as Juliusz Osterwa. Osterwa, the chief Polish actor of those times, stated “We seem to have an extraordinary actor” after Juliusz Słowacki’s Król-Duch was performed with Wojtyła starring. He intended to employ Wojtyła after the war. However, the time to make definitive choices finally arrived and Karol Wojtyła entered the Higher Seminary for Priests in 1942. His rhapsodic experience and literary achievements were to be the measurement of his charismatic call to millions of followers and believers as the future Pope.
Ślady twórczości Juliusza Słowackiego we wczesnych dramatach Karola Wojtyły (Hiob, Jeremiasz)
Authors: Jarosz Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

The article concerns two juvenilia plays by Karol Wojtyła, Job and Jeremiah, that were written in 1940. Those works were influenced by the difficult reality of war. The first and primary inspiration for those two dramas was the Bible, as the titles themselves indicate. However, the model of Polish Romanticism also heavily influenced the shape of the poetic world of those works. This article attempts to indicate in Job, as well as in Jeremiah, those thoughts that are close to the Romantic and Messianic historiosophies. It describes, in a synthetic manner, the main noticeable points from Wojtyła’s works that coincide with the motives present in Juliusz Słowacki’s work, especially in the play Father Marek, which started the mystical and genesian period of the Romantic’s literary work. Attention is paid to, e.g. the genre characteristics of the mystery (which is close to the genre form of the late Baroque mystery, as represented by the works of Calderon). Among those features the following items are mentioned: the composition of the works, the structure of time and space, the creation of images, the rule of the “theatre in the theatre,” and visionariness. In addition, a presentation of the main ideas and creation of the title characters (Job, Jeremiah and Father Marek) is also given in outline.
Rapsodyk na ambonie? Jan Paweł II na placu Zwycięstwa w Warszawie w świetle założeń Teatru Rapsodycznego Mieczysława Kotlarczyka
Authors: Jankosz Magdalena , Przyczyna Wiesław
Published: December 2020

This article discusses John Paul II’s speech at Victory Square in Warsaw on 2 June 1979, during the Pope’s first pilgrimage to Poland. The subject of the research is the question of whether the Pope, when presenting his homily, used his experience and skills gained in Mieczysław Kotlarczyk’s Rhapsody Theatre and whether he was a rhapsodian himself. The first part of the article describes the Rhapsody Theatre’s ideological assumptions, while the second presents the way the homily by Pope John Paul II was delivered, and, finally, the third part shows which parts of the papal speech coincided with Kotlarczyk’s artistic programme. Finding these similarities allows us to say that John Paul II was indeed a rhapsodian, i.e. a minister of the word.
Psałterz Dawidów (Księga słowiańska) oraz Elementarz etyczny Karola Wojtyły jako przejawy komunikowania idei i wartości
Authors: Dudziak Arkadiusz
Published: December 2020

The subject of this article concerns the relationship between the axiosphere of Karol Wojtyła’s early poetry and his axiological preferences in the later period of his creative activity. The subject of the research are the poetic cycle The Psalter of David (The Slavonic Book) from 1939 and The Ethical Primer from 1957–1958. Hermeneutics was used in the analysis of ideas, while the axiolinguistic method was employed in the analysis of the values. The study of these texts makes it possible to recreate the system of values preferred by Karol Wojtyła as a poet and philosopher. This system is part of the axiology of Christian humanism.
Apologia krzyża w wybranych homiliach Jana Pawła II
Authors: Bryła Władysława , Bryła-Cruz Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an analysis of the various ways the Cross was defended in John Paul II’s homilies delievered in Poland on the following occasions: in Nowa Huta, in the Wawel Royal Cathedral and Zakopane. The speaker used arguments anchored in the Gospel and history. He emphasised the meaning of the Cross as a sign of God’s redemption, gift and love towards humans. The speaker evoked people from Polish history who remained faithful to the Cross and are remembered for their heroic attitude: Queen Jadwiga, brother Albert Chmielowski, Bernardyna Jabłońska and Maria Karłowska. In his homily given in Nowa Huta, the Pope signalled the idea of new evangelisation, which requires all believers to undertake persistent and courageous defence of the Cross, irrespective of time and place. The paper also discusses rhethorical aspects of the sermons, such as various types of speech deployed therein (lectures, meditations, appeals) and stylistic devices (e.g. similes, parallelisms, rhetorical questions).
La poesia di Karol Wojtyła: un itinerario ascetico
Authors: Fava Guzzetta Lia
Published: December 2020

This article is a kind of journey through the poetic work of Karol Wojtyła / John Paul II – a wandering that is ascetic, yet extremely rich – in the footsteps of an outsider, a person free from our native historical and cultural context, and hence open to the unlimited possibilities of interpretation. This work shows the universal character of Karol Wojtyła’s poetic output; it emphasises new elements in the perception of that poetry, while showing the meaning of the verses in a different light, verses still relevant and invariably addressed to man, who is also (and maybe especially) struggling with eternal dilemmas today. The early literary works already contained two profound dimensions: the Slavic soul and intellectual classicism, which would also become a feature of John Paul II’s talent for ecumenical communication and his theological vision of the Church. In the transition from youthful sonnets to hymns, we can notice not only the stylistic development and depth of the message, but, above all, a move towards conscious religiousness, contemplation, towards the priesthood, a move which was born in the very dramatic time of the Second World War. As a priest, on the other hand, his poetic choices were marked by a desire to understand the condition of man and to see God’s love for His creation. This contemplation becomes increasingly more like a prayer, and dialogue is born out of prayer. Karol Wojtyła’s literary work appears as a story about his own inner experience and reveals a spiritual anthropology.
Karol Wojtyła a nowoczesność
Authors: Garbol Tomasz
Published: December 2020

This article shows the relationship between the works of Karol Wojtyła / John Paul II and the heritage of modernist thought and art. The signs of such a relationship are the privileging of the language of art, the possibility of the counter-morality of art, and the ethics of authenticity. These relationships have been selected so as to refute the statement that the works of Karol Wojtyła were independent of the influences of modern aesthetics. Not only have the literary works of Karol Wojtyła / John Paul II been taken into consideration in this article, but also his philosophical and theological works, especially Person and Act and Letter to Artists. The conception of the counter-morality of art, as derived from Kant’s works, and Charles Taylor’s concept of the ethics of authenticity are the framework for this deliberation.
„Za nim rosnące pójdą plemiona / W światło – gdzie Bóg”. „Słowiański” pontyfikat św. Jana Pawła II
Authors: Czajkowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the presence of issues of Slavdom in the thoughts and works of John Paul II as an expression of their roots in Polish Romantic literature. Its centre is the cult of St. Cyril and St. Methodius, who, in the Pope’s view, became an expression of the universalism, Greek heritage and Christianity of the Slavic peoples. A reminder of the importance of the Solon brothers had already been mentioned in the Paris lectures of Adam Mickiewicz and in a forgotten poem by Teofil Lenartowicz. This was associated with the need for Slavs to gain self-knowledge, as demanded by Norwid, Słowacki, Mickiewicz and others. The mission of the Slavic Pope fulfils the above postulates of the Romantic poets. John Paul II recalls the identity of the Slavs and their role in the papacy and a united Europe. It restores their dignity and is an indication of their future.
Temat słowiański w twórczości literackiej i przesłaniu pastoralnym Karola Wojtyły – Jana Pawła II
Authors: Halkiewicz-Sojak Grażyna
Published: December 2020

The starting point of this article is the question of whether there is a connection between the Slavic theme in the early poetry of Karol Wojtyła and the papal teaching of John Paul II addressed to the Slavic nations. The main inspirations and ideas present in Wojtyla’s juvenilia are identified through the analysis of three aspects of his poetry: the creation of the subject, the literary kinship by choice and the historiosophical ideas evoked. The results of this comparative research indicates that the author’s poetic imagination is rooted primarily in the Bible and in the works of the Polish Romantic poets. A particularly privileged place here is occupied by Cyprian Norwid, the author of the poems Promethidion and Chopin’s Piano. The concept of nations and their historical mission in the papal teaching has numerous points in common with the Slavic thoughts of Adam Mickiewicz (in his Paris lectures) and Norwid in his poetry. The threads of selected homilies and the encyclical Slavorum Apostoli testify to this.
Od wartości humanistycznych do teologicznych. O odwołaniach do literatury pięknej w homiliach i przemówieniach Jana Pawła II
Authors: Seul Anastazja
Published: December 2020

The author of this article shows two types of values that are present in those pronouncements when the Pope recalls examples from belles-lettres. First and foremost, he speaks of the humanistic values rooted in the philosophy of the essence, namely the truth, goodness and beauty that are widely found in works of both less and more well-known authors of different nations. The aforementioned values, having a transcendent backdrop, open up the theological world. Some of those references unveil the three theological virtues which actually represent Christian axiology. For the Pope, the belles-lettres works become locus theologicus. In his pronouncements, the Pope not only mentions various authors from the particular nations he visited (e.g. Rabindranath Tagore from India, Jon Svensson from Island), but also those authors whose works now belong to the whole world (such as Fyodor Dostoyevsky, mentioned in Australia, or St. Augustine in France and Brazil). Recalling those authors and their works, the Pope connected with those nations he visited, and created a special place in order to bring to those nations the greatest works of world literature. He was adamant that humanistic and theological values can be placed equally next to each other.
„Stopy szukają w trawie – jest ziemia”. Ziemia w twórczości poetyckiej Karola Wojtyły – Jana Pawła II
Authors: Ołdakowska-Kuflowa Mirosława
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the widely understood motif of “earth” and its polysemy in the poetic works of Karol Wojtyła / John Paul II. The method of literary analysis and interpretation has allowed for the discerning of a semantic field and to demonstrate the function of the motif of “earth” in the author’s outlook on material reality, his attitude towards the fertility of the soil, nature, fatherland, the Earth, the cosmos and, finally, spiritual reality, combined, in man, with material reality in a particular way, through the Incarnation and Redemption. The analysis of the individual poetic style, especially the method of evoking landscapes, has proved to be a particularly useful interpretational tool, and helps distinguish Karol Wojtyła from his predecessors, interwar poets, and contemporaries – the young poets of the war generation.
Pierwsze dni pontyfikatu Jana Pawła II w świetle Dzienników Jana Józefa Szczepańskiego i Andrzeja Kijowskiego
Authors: Giemza Lech
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the strategies employed by Andrzej Kijowski and Jan Józef Szczepański in their Dzienniki (Diaries) as they describe the early days of the pontificate of Pope John Paul II. While, clearly, the Pope is of great significance to both authors, there are considerable differences in their approaches towards him. Kijowski’s entries are completely subordinated to the event, whereas in Szczepański’s they seem to barely coexist with others. The former sees it primarily as a religious event, and the latter sets it in a historical context, while also noting the reactions within Polish society. The texts both underline the spiritual dimension of the event and emphasise the personal, emotional commitment of the authors. This article employs the comparative method in an attempt to present the emerging pontificate of Pope John Paul II as a personal experience.
Postać Jana Pawła II w dramacie najnowszym
Authors: Michalczuk Joanna
Published: December 2020

This article analyses several artistically important Polish 21st-century plays, in which a character has been modelled on the person of Pope John Paul II. The works studied here are Jerzy Pilch’s Narty Ojca Świętego, Paweł Grabowski’s Dotknięci, Michał Walczak’s Człowiek z Bogiem w szafie and Artur Grabowski’s Cnoty zachodniej cywilizacji. This article aims to show not only the way the above-mentioned literary texts present the figure of the Pope, his life and works, but also his influence on the life of ordinary people. By researching John Paul II’s presence in literature, this article helps to contribute to the commemoration of the Pope Saint.
Reżyserzy powołania – Karol Wojtyła na szklanym ekranie
Authors: Głąb Grzegorz
Published: December 2020

Several films about John Paul II were shot during his lifetime. Both in feature films and documentary productions, which are a kind of guide to the most important events of the great pontificate, the film-makers tried to depict the history of a man who, through his service, transformed the face of the world by making it better. In this article, efforts are made to study and present the sources of Wojtyła’s spiritual power – to talk about his ‘home seminary’ and the path he had to follow to become a priest. The creators of the worlds presented based their message on archival documents, the testimonies of those people closest to the Pope, as well as on the recollections of John Paul II. Based on such material, the directors showed the viewers the journey of Lolek/Karol towards God, towards his extraordinary intimacy with Him, a path which was, for the Pope, a process of opening himself up to Love – a pilgrimage to the ‘sense of existence’.
Jan Paweł II w surrealistycznych odsłonach. Dwa filmy – o teatrach i teatrzykach i nie tylko – „z udziałem” Papieża
Authors: Kulczycka Dorota
Published: December 2020

The subject of this paper are such surrealistic films as Conspirators of Pleasure (Czech: Spiklenci slasti, by Jan Švankmajer, 1996) and Being John Malkovich (by Spike Jonze, 1999), in which John Paul II is featured in the form of a montage, and theatre also plays an important role, as either one of the leading topics or else as an artistic convention. The author questions the sense of these references and what can they possibly communicate. In both of the films analysed, the interpolations of John Paul II usually break out of the normal order of things; they are additions to the represented world, elements of another reality, and thus constitute a perfect component of surrealist art, which aims – among other things – to increase confusion by the intentional incongruity of the elements presented. In these montages, John Paul II becomes an icon of seriousness, gravitas and the most important events in the world, but also a sort of “star,” a celebrity, a media person. The clash between this gravitas and the grotesque world of the movie characters often elicits dissonance and confusion, as both movies are concerned with yielding to various, sometimes completely absurd, passions. In Conspirators of Pleasure this means – above all – erotic and sexual desires; in Being John Malkovich – a desire for success and fame (apart from various configurations of sensual lust). Additionally, there is the clearly emphasised dream of being somebody else, as well as dreams of earthly immortality. John Paul II did not share such dreams, believing that the most important things are conforming to God’s will, one’s self-esteem in the light of the evangelical truth about Transcendence and Christ’s love towards men, and the “return to oneself” – playing one’s own role, not somebody else’s. The Pope exemplified with his own life how to go beyond one’s own habits, how to worship God above everything else, how to respond to other people, defeat egoism and resign from comfort, and how to live a real life in a real space, not an illusory one, unlike the characters in the above-mentioned movies.
Poetyckie symfonie Karola Wojtyły
Authors: Seweryn Agata
Published: December 2020

The subject of this article is the Symphonie – Scalenia [Symphonies – Unifications] series contained in the juvenilia volume of Karol Wojtyła’s poetry entitled Psałterz Dawidów (Księga Słowiańska) [The Psalter of David (The Slavonic Book)]. The author, focusing on the semantics of the term “symphony,” points to those literary traditions from which the concept of combining literary and musical genres can be derived, especially the romantic correspondance des arts. Following this lead, the article shows that the poem Mοuσικη [Music] can be understood as the literary equivalent of a sonata-allegro. Above all, however, the author is interested in the very idea of the “symphony” in Wojtyła’s approach, which evolved in the later writings of John Paul II on music. The Pope’s favouring of the art of sounds as a mystical “speech without words,” which enables the harmonious combination of the human and the divine, is here presented as the transformation of his youthful idea of a “symphony” as comprehended in mediatorial terms (“merging,” “reconciliation,” “connecting”).
Poemat o śmierci. Rozważanie o śmierci Karola Wojtyły jako medytacja filozoficzno-religijna
Authors: Kisiel Marian
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on Karol Wojtyła’s Rozważanie o śmierci [“On Death”] as a philosophical and religious poem. Wojtyła’s text includes numerous references to other literary works; as sources of his meditation, the poet polemically recalls existential metaphysics (Heidegger) and affirmatively turns to the Gospels (the letters of St. Paul). Having discussed such notions as “maturity,” “mystery,” “angst,” and “hope,” Wojtyła perceives death as the readiness for the “difficult encounter” with “the One in whom one’s being embraces its entire future.” In fact, the meditation itself is the encounter: God – that is, you – makes dialogue possible here, as He posits himself towards the person, that is, I. The philosophers of dialogue know this relationship as “the possibility of being addressed.” Recognising the antinomy of “body” and “soul”, the poet presumes that the contrast of “life” and “death” is inscribed in it as well. As Pontiff, Wojtyła confirms this intuition in Dominum et Vivificantem.
Pierwszy widzący (O części II Tryptyku rzymskiego – rozpoznania wstępne)
Authors: Kuczera-Chachulska Bernadetta
Published: December 2020

The problem of “seeing” in the writings of John Paul II has not yet been examined separately. This motif was discerned in the Triptych due to the distinctiveness of its presence. The contexts of, for example, the Pope’s Letter to Artists and the Areopagus sermon were useful. The problem of “seeing” (being, as presented in the Triptych, the first attribute of the Creator) is linked to the question of John Paul II’s understanding of art, as well as his theology of the body. It is at the very centre of the theological and philosophical (aesthetic) thoughts of this Pope and Thinker.
Domniemane datowanie niedatowanych utworów Karola Wojtyły: Dzieła literackie i teatralne, Juvenilia (1938-1946)
Authors: Burghardt Marta
Published: December 2020

Karol Wojtyła left behind many undated works. Determining the date of their creation sometimes requires a detective’s acumen. Based on the extensive information available in his poetry, meditations or plays, the context of their creation can be worked out quite accurately. This article is an attempt to determine the chronology of the early works of Karol Wojtyła, starting with the adaptation of The Stage Image titled “Christ – King” based on the Apocalypse of Saint John, his rhymed verses as a secondary-school graduate, through the series of Sonnets, and Symphonies – Unifications, then his autumnal poetry, works from the time of the war and occupation – sometimes forgotten by the very author – and ending with Songs about the Hidden God – the most mature poem from the period before his priesthood. Confirmations of the suggested arrangements often come from the recollections of people who were close to the young Wojtyła. His letters to his friends, the Kotlarczyks and the Szkockis, are also an endless source of information. The literary works of the future Pope, full of his deepest thoughts, as well as fears and premonitions, complement the various stages of his life, and thus help us to better understand not only the artistic creativity, but also the teachings, of John Paul II.
W mieście kapłanów, uczonych i artystów. Rzymskie lata ks. Władysława Gorala (1920-1922)
Authors: Taracha Cezary
Published: December 2020

In 1920-1922, Władysław Goral later an auxiliary Bishop of Lublin (1938), martyr of World War II and blessed (1999) stayed in Rome. There, at the Gregorian University, he completed his philosophical studies with a doctoral degree. This article is the first attempt to look at this period of the life of the future bishop. The author analyzes the available information about various aspects of his stay in Rome, studies, contacts and acquaintances. He also raises questions about the importance of this time for the spiritual, Intellectual and cultural formation of Father Goral. In conclusion, he states that the experience of the universality of the Catholic Church, contact with the international environment of scholars, people of culture, and communing with the great artistic heritage of Rome significantly shaper the personality of the future blessed.
Karol Wojtyła / Jan Paweł II i myśl religijna Zygmunta Krasińskiego we wczesnej epistolografii
Authors: Dorota Iwona
Published: December 2020

In this work ‘Karol Wojtyła / Jan Paweł II and religious thoughts of Zygmunt Krasiński in his early epistolography’, the Authoress concentrates her research on the figure of young Karol Wojtyla and on his originated in Wadowice period of his life fascination with Polish romantic literature. Young Karol is not only an actor, but a co-director and co-creator of spectacles presented to the public. Wojtyla’s experiences gained in the Rhapsodic Theater and during his studies of Polish literature at the University convince him that the spoken word has a prophetic, missionary character, leading to a transformation both in spiritual and intellectual spheres. Zygmunt Krasiński in his early epistolography addresses essential aesthetic-religious problems which in future become the idea of national messianism. Jan Paweł II in his papal teaching forcefully explores the ideas of Polish romanticism adding the theological thought to the aesthetic content.
„Totus Tuus” św. Jana Pawła II. Od teologicznej głębi po ikonograficzną mistyfikację
Authors: Witko Andrzej
Published: December 2020

The life motto of Karol Wojtyła – of the Pope St John Paul II – was contained in two words: Totus Tuus. They were derived from the work dating back to the 18th century and published in 1843: Treatise on True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St Louis Marie Grignion de Montfort. The choice of such a life’s motto was expressing the total and limitless offering of the exceptional follower to the Mother of God, also being an expression of his living, concrete, overwhelming and all-encompassing faith. This very motto has inspired Izabela Delekta-Wicińska, a Cracovian artist, to paint – in the year 1984 – a unique picture Totus Tuus, which gained enormous popularity in the whole world, thus becoming an object of fraud in respect of piety. Even though the artist held that she was inspired by an exceptional embrace of John Paul II and Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński on the day of inauguration of the pontifi of the Polish Pope, a photograph of the Totus Tuus painting was circulated in the entire Christian world as a miraculous picture of Pope John Paul II that was taken accidentally. In the early 1990s one of the then most pre-eminent mariologists, Rev. René Laurentin, was interested in the matter. Even as late as in the 2018 the www.infovaticana.com website explained that the Totus Tuus depiction is not a miraculous photography of the St. John Paul II but a painterly vision of the Cracovian artist, Izabela Delekta-Wicińska.
Ferula świętego papieża Pawła VI – innowacja i symbol tradycji
Authors: Rolska Irena
Published: December 2020

Among the topics of the Second Vatican Council were issues related to art. Pope Paul VI wanted contemporary art to open up to a new post-Conciliar era in the history of the Church. Artistic events and the works of modern art themselves, under the patronage of the Pope, in conservative environments, provoked discussions on contemporary religious art, and even the lack of consent for artists to depart from accepted canons of art. Perhaps the greatest opposition of conservatives was caused by the papal ferula, a centuries-old sign of the pope’s religious authority given by God. Paul VI ordered a new ferule from the sculptor Lello Scorzelli. Paul’s VI ferule is an example of a work of modern art, but the symbolism contained in it refers to the old tradition. The arrangement of the tormented, elongated body of Christ refers to medieval doloristic crucifixions – painful crosses. Christ on the ferule was crucified on the Tree of Life, which symbolically gives food to life for Christians. The form of a bent, not straight cross beam was also taken from the period of medieval art. It was a symbolic break with the statement that the pope’s authority came from God. At the same time, he symbolically stated the pope’s obedience to the mystery of the cross and his apostolic mission. Ferule St. Pope Paul VI in his apostolic mission used Popes: John Paul I, and the longest St. John Paul II.
Wawelski czarny krucyfiks. Krzyż królowej Jadwigi, Leona Wyczółkowskiego i św. Jana Pawła II
Authors: Dutczak Marta
Published: December 2020

A unique Gothic crucifix has been worshiped in the Wawel Royal Cathedral throughout centuries. The sculpture created in Bohemia or Hungary around 1380 was brought by Jadwiga of Poland (13741399) from Hungary to Poland, most likely in 1384. At the feet of Christ Crucified the monarch prayed for the gift of wisdom to rule the kingdom. The crucifix was placed in an altar in the Wawel Royal Cathedral and it has inspired a great devotion to the Crucified. After premature death of Jadwiga in 1399 the altar became a place of veneration of the monarch, which ever since has been lasting unceasingly. Due to the fact that prayers of the faithful through intercession of the queen at the crucifix were blessed by wonders it acquired great significance and started being called ‘miraculous’. Cardinal Karol Wojtyła, carrying out the function of the Metropolitan of Kraków, evoked the memory of Jadwiga in a particular way, encouraged her veneration and intensifi d efforts towards her canonization. He regarded the Crucifix of Jadwiga as ‘a place of the powerful testimony’. As pope John Paul II he canonized the queen during the Eucharist celebrated in Błonia Park in Krakow on the 8th of June 1997. The crucifix became a symbol of Polish history, spiritual heritage and deep faith of the Polish nation, what has been proved by the strong presence of this motif in fi arts. In the time of partitions of Poland Leon Wyczółkowski (1852-1936), an outstanding Polish artist and a teacher depicted it many times using a range of artistic techniques. A lively interest in a pastel ‘Crucifi of Jadwiga of Poland’ by Wyczółkowski auctioned in Kraków in 2019, which price went from 35 000 PLN (starting price) to 54 000 PLN (hammer price) after emotional bidding reveals how profound is its signifi to the Polish nation nowadays.
Witolda Urbanowicza dwaj Papieże w Paryżu
Authors: Sienkiewicz Jan Wiktor
Published: December 2020

This article is just a marginal part in discovering Witold Urbanowicz’s works. Discovering it once again, but from a different perspective. Urbanowicz was a Polish artist – painter, sculptor and graphic designer living in Paris. The works of the 75-year old Pallottine are a part of a large contribution of Polish artists creating abroad in the XXth and XXIst century which, over the years, have been vastly underappreciated. This analysis is focused on a large-scale representation (created in 2014 with a fresco technique) of two Popes – Pope John Paul II and John XXIII, heading towards the Upper Room. The main motivation behind creating this piece of art in the Pallottines’ bulding in Paris was the fact that both Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (later to become John XXIII) and Karol Wojtyła visited the place at one point in their lives. The former paid a visit to the bulding in the early 50s of the XXth century while he was still an apostolic nuncio. Meanwhile, the Pole visited the place in 1978, in which he consumed his meals with the nuns at the refectory – the same refectory in which today we can enjoy the work of Urbanowicz. This scene not only represents a significant moment in the Parisian Pallottines’ history, but also brings with itself a number of interpretations that can provoke deep conteplation about the Church’s history.
Tradução como (i)migração: Adrien Delpech, um dos primeiros tradutores de Machado de Assis
Authors: Torres Marie-Hélène Catherine
Published: December 2020

O objetivo principal desse artigo é mostrar e dar visibilidade aos agentes intermediários da circulação das obras literárias, e, particularmente, a um tradutor esquecido pela história literária francesa e brasileira, Adrien Delpech. Pretendo, de um lado, teorizar sobre a problemática da tradução enquanto (i)migração, já que é sob o prisma e a partir dessa imagem e visão de mundo que Machado de Assis foi inicialmente traduzido em francês. De outro lado, faço um breve histórico sincrônico e diacrônico das primeiras traduções dos contos e romances do Machado no mundo para todas as línguas e culturas. E, finalmente, analiso o perfil de Adrien Delpech, um dos primeiros tradutores de Machado, responsável pela divulgação do autor não somente no sistema literário francês, mas também nos outros sistemas culturais-literários.
KITTLER, Friedrich. Mídias Ópticas: Curso em Berlim, 1999. Tradução de: Markus Hediger. Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto, 2016, 344 p.
Authors: Salvi Philipson Gabriel
Published: December 2020

Resenha do livro Mídias Ópticas: Curso em Berlim, 1999, de Friedrich Kittler.