bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explore the role and prospects of retinol in modern medicine - A review of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer
Authors: Hao Zixin , Tang Ziyue , Xia Yutian
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews the applications of retinol in modern medicine, with a particular focus on its role in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer treatment. Retinol, as a biologically active compound, demonstrates unique effects not only in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases but also exhibits potential applications in cancer therapy. The paper first explores how retinol influences disease states through regulating molecular mechanisms such as retinol-binding protein 4. Subsequently, it analyzes clinical application instances and associated challenges. By employing both cross-sectional and longitudinal data analyses, correlations between retinol and pathological states are revealed. Finally, the paper discusses the prospects and potential economic benefits of retinol in treating various diseases, emphasizing its importance in early diagnosis and treatment while also outlining future research directions. This study not only provides scientific evidence for further applications of retinol but also offers new therapeutic perspectives for clinical medicine.
Recent discoveries about HIF-1α related mechanism and application
Authors: Feng Tianyang
Published: July 2024

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) plays a pivotal role in a myriad of cellular processes, orchestrating numerous pathways that are intrinsically linked to the progression of cancer. The scientific community has been engrossed in studying HIF-1α for an extended period, with novel findings being unveiled consistently. A significant portion of these investigations delves into understanding the intricate mechanisms underpinning HIF-1α’s function and its potential applications in therapeutic interventions. This article offers a comprehensive overview of some of the most recent scholarly contributions in this domain. Key mechanisms explored include the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS)/HIF-1α pathway, the influence of mechanical stress on the HIF-1α pathway, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E) pathway, and the microRNAs-34a (miR- 34a)/glucose transport 1 (GLUT1) pathway. Beyond mechanisms, the article also sheds light on the potential applications of these findings, particularly in the realm of drug development aimed at treating cancer and a spectrum of other diseases. In addition to presenting the core research, this review endeavors to furnish readers with pertinent background information on associated terminologies. While it’s challenging to encapsulate the entirety of recent advancements in a single article, the aim here is to inspire and pave the way for future explorations into the mechanisms and therapeutic applications of HIF-1α.
Exploring the effects of “medicinal and food homology” on prediabetes
Authors: Luo Tianwen
Published: July 2024

The prediabetes stage is a necessary phase for most patients to progress to type 2 diabetes and is reversible. It is considered the optimal time for diabetes prevention. Although there is a wide variety of food, they all fall within the categories of five colors, five flavors, and the ability to either warm or cool the body, just like medicines. As the birthplace of the concept of “ medicinal and food homology,” our country should further utilize modern research techniques to develop substances that fall under this concept. This article explores the understanding of Traditional Chinese Medicine on the prediabetes stage, the etiology and pathogenesis of prediabetes, as well as the analysis of common patterns in prediabetes. By combining the identified symptoms, people give the appropriate “ medicinal and food homology “ substances according to the “symptoms”, and use diet to rectify and harmonize the symptoms. To summarize the relevant theoretical research and the application research results, this article provides references for the application of “medicinal and food homology” substances in the prevention and treatment of prediabetes, and looks forward to the future development of “medicinal and food homology”.
Die Herausforderung der Lupusnephritis
Authors: Zimmermann Jonas
Published: July 2024

Die Lupusnephritis (LN) ist eine schwerwiegende Manifestation des systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) und betrifft 20–60 % der SLE-Patienten. Ihre Pathophysiologie ist komplex; sie umfasst das humorale Immunsystem, zelluläre Immunmechanismen, das Komplementsystem sowie genetische Faktoren. Ein regelmäßiges Screening von SLE-Patienten auf LN ist entscheidend und sollte serologische Untersuchungen sowie eine Urinanalyse beinhalten. Bei Verdacht auf LN ist eine Nierenbiopsie indiziert, wobei das Fullhouse-Ablagerungsmuster (IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, C3) ein charakteristisches Merkmal ist. Die Therapie der LN entwickelt sich stetig weiter und neue Therapieansätze werden erforscht. Zur Induktionstherapie gehören Glukokortikoide, Hydroxychloroquin und mindestens ein weiteres Immunsuppressivum. Nach dem Erreichen eines Therapieansprechens folgt eine Erhaltungstherapie, für die Mycophenolatmofetil (MMF) oder Mycophenolsäure (MPA) als erste Wahl gelten.
Renale Amyloidosen
Authors: Gaedeke Jens
Published: July 2024

Die Amyloidosen sind eine Gruppe von seltenen Erkrankungen, die sich durch die Bildung und Ablagerung von aberrant gefalteten Proteinen definieren. Grundsätzlich können sowohl Mutationen als auch die Überproduktion von Proteinen den komplexen Prozess der Amyloidogenese starten. Krankheitswert bekommen diese Ablagerungen teilweise durch direkte zytotoxische Effekte, größtenteils jedoch durch eine mechanische Störung der Organarchitektur (z. B. Ablagerung in der glomerulären Basalmembran). Die Diagnose wird oft erst in späteren Stadien über einen manifesten Organschaden (z. B. Proteinurie) gestellt. Die Klinik wird wesentlich von der Art des Vorläuferproteins beziehungsweise der daraus folgenden Organlokalisation bestimmt. Das Überleben hängt bei vielen Amyloidoseerkrankungen vom Grad der kardialen Beteiligung ab. Etablierte Therapiestrategien zielen vor allem auf die Produktionshemmung der Vorläuferproteine ab; experimentelle Ansätze verfolgen das Ziel, bereits abgelagertes Amyloid aufzulösen.
Public-Health-Professionals im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst – die
Verteilung gesundheitswissenschaftlicher Fachkräfte in deutschen
Gesundheitsämtern
Authors: Kleinschmidt Janine , Ewert Benjamin , Lenz Wolfgang , Plath Jasper
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Zur Anzahl und Verteilung akademisch qualifizierter Fachkräfte
aus dem Bereich Public Health in den unteren Gesundheitsbehörden liegen bislang
wenige Daten vor. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Analyse der
Verteilung von Public-Health-Professionals im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst in
Deutschland.

Methode Mittels Online-Survey wurden die Amtsleitungen der 376 deutschen
Gesundheitsämter zur Präsenz von Public-Health-Professionals und Ihrer Sicht auf
Personalbedarfe befragt. Der Begriff Public-Health-Professionals wurde
operationalisiert. Die Erhebung erfolgte ab 06/2023 mit einer Laufzeit von 14
Wochen. Die Ergebnisse wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnis Die Teilnahmerate an der Befragung betrug 40,4% (n=152).
Durchschnittlich beschäftigten die teilnehmenden Gesundheitsämter 2,6 (SD 3,85,
MD 2) Public-Health-Professionals. 28,3% (n=43) der Amtsleitungen gaben an,
keine Public-Health-Professionals zu beschäftigen. Es berichteten 78,3% (n=119)
der Amtsleitungen, mehr Personal zu benötigen. Zudem äußerten 65,1% (n=99), mehr
Personal mit Studium oder Zusatzstudium im Bereich Public Health zu
benötigen.

Schlussfolgerung Fachpersonal aus dem Bereich Public Health ist noch nicht
in allen Gesundheitsämtern in Deutschland vertreten. Sowohl die Verteilung von
Public-Health-Professionals in den teilnehmenden Gesundheitsämtern, als auch die
Sicht der Amtsleitungen bezüglich des Bedarfs für diese Berufsgruppe im eigenen
Gesundheitsamt sind heterogen. In der Zusammenschau zeigt sich ein klarer Bedarf
bei der Stärkung der Zusammenarbeit zwischen der akademischen Public
Health-Profession und dem Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst.
Wirksamkeit, Einflussfaktoren und Sicherheit des Preserflo Microshunt
Authors: Altas Cemre , Fuchsluger Thomas A. , Brockmann Tobias , Graumüller Anna , Walckling Marcus
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Das Glaukom gehört zu den häufigsten Erblindungsursachen weltweit. Wir überprüften die Effektivität, Einflussfaktoren und Sicherheit des Preserflo Microshunts innerhalb eines Jahres.

Methoden In der retrospektiven monozentrischen Studie analysierten wir 111 Augen – davon 83 mit primärem Offenwinkelglaukom und 28 mit sekundärem Offenwinkelglaukom. Es wurden intraokularer Druck, korrigierter Visus, Anzahl der drucksenkenden Wirkstoffe sowie Komplikationen und Folgeeingriffe nach 2 Wochen, 1, 3, 6, 9 und 12 Monaten untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die Einflüsse des Alters, des Geschlechts, der Glaukomart, der Voroperationen und des Linsenstatus überprüft. Eine offene Filterkissenrevision wurde bei einem korrigierten IOD > 18 mmHg durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Der Augeninnendruck senkte sich signifikant von 24,50 ± 8,94 auf 14,62 ± 4,86 mmHg (4 – 32 mmHg; p < 0,001) und Anzahl der Wirkstoffe von 3,19 ± 1,14 auf 0,98 ± 1,39 (0 – 4; p < 0,001). Die Einflussfaktoren zeigten keinen Effekt auf die Wirksamkeit. Eine Filterkissenrevision wurde bei 22,5% und eine Zyklophotokoagulation bei 9,9% der Augen durchgeführt. Ein kompletter chirurgischer Erfolg (Augeninnendruck ≤ 17 mmHg, Reduktion um ≥ 20%, ohne Wirkstoffe) konnte bei 36,9% (n = 41) sowie ein qualifizierter Erfolg (inkl. Wirkstoffe) bei 51,4% (n = 57) der Augen erzielt werden. Eine passagere Hypotonie (≤ 5 mmHg) trat bei 19,8% nach primärer Implantation, bei 1,8% nach Filterkissenrevision auf (Dauer ≤ 3 Monate).

Schlussfolgerung Der Preserflo Microshunt zeigt bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt eine effiziente Wirksamkeit und ein geringes Risikoprofil.
Laser Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy – An Update
Authors: Gawecki Maciej , Pytrus Wiktoria , Swiech Anna , Mackiewicz Jerzy , Lytvynchuk Lyubomyr
Published: July 2024

Laser treatment has been a mainstay for management of central serous chorioretinopathy for a few decades. Different types of lasers have been used and non-damaging retinal laser is the most recent option. The aim of this review is to provide an update on this form of treatment, based on the research published during last 5 years, in comparison with earlier studies published. A MEDLINE database search was performed with a combination of the following terms: central serous chorioretinopathy and laser photocoagulation or subthreshold laser or subthreshold micropulse laser or nanosecond laser or microsecond laser or end-point management or photodynamic therapy. Results were analyzed separately for each modality of laser treatment. Reports published in recent years confirm findings of previous research and do not distinguish treatments of this clinical entity. Among all analyzed laser options, photodynamic therapy provides the fastest and most prominent morphological
improvements, including subretinal fluid resorption and reduction of choroidal thickness. This modality is also associated with fewer recurrences than with other treatments. Subthreshold micropulse laser allows the physician to maintain and, in selected cases, improve the patientʼs vision. Conventional photocoagulation is still effective, especially with the introduction of navigated laser systems. Despite the availability of variable laser treatment options, long-term functional improvements in chronic cases are minor for each modality. Long-lasting central serous chorioretinopathy cases with significantly altered retinal morphology do not usually present with functional improvement, despite satisfactory morphological outcomes. Early initiation of treatment has the potential to prevent visual loss and to improve the patientʼs quality of life.
Demenz vorbeugen und behandeln: die Rolle der Ernährung
Authors: Michalsen Andreas
Published: July 2024

Es gibt zunehmend Evidenz, dass die Ernährung das Risiko für Demenzerkrankungen beeinflussen kann. Sowohl komplexe Ernährungsformen wie die mediterrane Ernährung, die DASH-Diät oder die MIND-Diät als auch einzelne Lebensmittel wie ungesättigte Fette, Beeren, grünes Gemüse oder Gewürze wie Safran haben das Potenzial, sich in Bezug auf die Prävention und Behandlung von Demenz als nützlich zu erweisen. Auch der teilweise Verzicht auf Nahrung hat möglicherweise einen schützenden Effekt. Verschiedene Formen des Heilfastens können die kognitive Funktion und das Demenzrisiko positiv beeinflussen.
Energy Flow during Baseball Machine Hitting
Authors: Talmage Jessica Downs , Bordelon Nicole , Wasserberger Kyle , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: July 2024

The primary aims of the study were to perform a descriptive analysis of hitting
energetics off a pitching machine and to compare between the rear- and lead-side
lower and upper extremities. Eighty-five high school to minor league baseball
athletes participated. Five full-effort swings off a pitching machine with the
fastest exit velocity were used for analysis. Energy flow was quantified using a
segment power analysis. Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant
differences between rear- and lead-side energetics during both swing phases.
During the stride, the rear knee and shoulder generated more energy than the
lead side. Throughout the swing phase the lead knee, hip, and elbow generated
more energy than the rear side, but at the shoulder the rear side generated
significantly more energy than the lead. Most intriguing, differing energy
transfer directions between the rear and lead knee and shoulder joints were
reported. Furthermore, descriptive results revealed energy is predominantly
transferred across the knee, shoulder, and elbow joints, while the hips
primarily display energy generation. The descriptive nature of the study
provides a foundation for future research and can be used as a resource for
training personnel to design effective training protocols aimed at maximizing
performance.
Effect of Sensory Integrity and Cognitive Functions on Fall History,
Balance and Quality of Life in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Buke Meryem , Tikac Gulsum , Calik Bilge Basakci
Published: July 2024

Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the effects of sensory
integrity and cognitive functions on fall history, balance and quality of life
in elderly individuals.

Materials and Methods After obtaining the sociodemographic information of
the elderly individuals included in the study; Pattern Copying, Kinesthesia and
Right-Left Discrimination, which is a subtest of the Ayres Southern California
Sensory Integrity Test to evaluate sensory integrity, the Standing Balance Test
for balance abilities, the Hodkinson Mental Test for cognitive abilities, the
history of falling in the last year for fall situations, and the EuroQol General
Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D-3L) were used to assess the quality of life and
life satisfaction.

Results The study involved 44 volunteers with a mean age of 69.52±4.25
years. Cognitive ability, standing balance, and life satisfaction of elderly
individuals with a fall history were worse than those without a fall history.
The study also found that cognition and life satisfaction were affected by fall
history. Older individuals who were more successful in pattern copying had
better balance. A moderate correlation was found between cognitive ability and
pattern copying (r=0.591), balance (rdominant=0.385; rnondominant=0.403), and
quality of life (r=−0.399) (p<0.05).

Conclusion The results suggest that elderly individuals need sensory
integration and cognitively supportive treatment approaches to improve balance
functions and reduce fall risk.
Kreativtherapien in der Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Ladda A. Marie , Lotze Martin
Published: July 2024

Emotionales Ansprechen und Motivation, hohe Repetitionsrate ohne Langeweile oder Habituation – das ist ein Repertoire, das die meisten konventionellen Therapien in diesem Ausmaß nicht abdecken können. Alle multidimensionalen Therapieansätze sind durch eine außergewöhnlich umfassende ZNS-Aktivität gekennzeichnet, was eine Nutzung im Bereich des Trainings in der Neurorehabilitation besonders sinnvoll erscheinen lässt. Um das große Potenzial der Kreativtherapien zu nutzen, wären eine breitere Anerkennung sowie begleitende Forschung wünschenswert.
Scar Decompression in Managing Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Is it Needed?
Authors: Finkelstein Emily R. , Treger Dylan , Shittu Aziz , Xu Kyle Y. , Mella-Catinchi Juan
Published: July 2024

Background Mastectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and irradiation for breast cancer commonly result in perivascular and axillary scarring. This scarring is thought to cause functional venous stenosis that leads to downstream venous hypertension in the affected extremity. Standard surgical practice is to decompress perivascular scarring at the time of physiologic lymphedema surgery in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). However, it is unknown whether this scar release influences surgical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of functional venous stenosis in patients with BCRL and determine whether scar decompression is a necessary step in physiologic lymphedema surgery.

Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of 64 patients with unilateral BCRL that presented to our lymphedema center between January 2020 and October 2022. Radiologist reports of venous duplex ultrasound for the bilateral upper extremities identified any disturbances in venous flow or indications of venous stenosis.

Results Of the 64 patients with BCRL, 78% (n = 50) had prior axillary lymph node dissection. Forty-seven (73%) patients completed ultrasound imaging, of which, one patient (2%) had venous stenosis in the affected lymphedematous extremity identified on duplex ultrasound that may have suggested functional scarring. Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) without scar decompression was performed in six patients (9%). Average preoperative Lymphedema Life Impact Scale and Lymphedema Index scores were 35 and 19 units, with a mean decrease of 23 (67%) and 6 (30%) units postoperatively.

Conclusion Most patients with BCRL did not have identifiable functional venous stenosis on duplex ultrasound, apart from one patient with suspected postthrombotic changes. All six patients that received VLNT without scar decompression had a successful outcome with decreased measures of lymphedema postoperatively. Scar decompression may therefore be unnecessary in physiologic lymphedema surgery, reducing operative times and avoiding risk of injury to neurovascular structures of the axilla.
Contributors to Electronic Health Record-Integrated Secure Messaging Use: A Study of Over 33,000 Health Care Professionals
Authors: Baratta Laura R. , Lew Daphne , Kannampallil Thomas , Lou Sunny S.
Published: July 2024

Objectives Electronic health record (EHR)-integrated secure messaging is extensively used for communication between clinicians. We investigated the factors contributing to secure messaging use in a large health care system.

Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included 14 hospitals and 263 outpatient clinic locations. Data on EHR-integrated secure messaging use over a 1-month period (February 1, 2023, through February 28, 2023) were collected. A multilevel mixed effects model was used to assess the contribution of clinical role, clinical unit (i.e., specific inpatient ward or outpatient clinic), hospital or clinic location (i.e., Hospital X or Outpatient Clinic Building Y), and inpatient versus outpatient setting toward secure messaging use.

Results Of the 33,195 health care professionals who worked during the study period, 20,576 (62%) were secure messaging users. In total, 25.3% of the variability in messaging use was attributable to the clinical unit and 30.5% was attributable to the hospital or clinic location. Compared with nurses, advanced practice providers, pharmacists, and physicians were more likely to use secure messaging, whereas medical assistants, social workers, and therapists were less likely (p < 0.001). After adjusting for other factors, inpatient versus outpatient setting was not associated with secure messaging use.

Conclusion Secure messaging was widely used; however, there was substantial variation by clinical role, clinical unit, and hospital or clinic location. Our results suggest that interventions and policies for managing secure messaging behaviors are likely to be most effective if they are not only set at the organizational level but also communicated and tailored toward individual clinical units and clinician workflows.
Hybrid Layer, Shear Bond Strength, and Fracture Patterns of Titanium Dioxide–Doped Phosphate Glass–Filled Universal Dental Adhesives
Authors: Husein Adam bin , Seoudi Sana Mhd. Fouad , El-Damanhoury Hatem Mostafa , Aziz Ibrahim Mahmood , Abou Neel Ensanya Ali
Published: July 2024

Objectives The aim of the study was to explore the potential effects of incorporating 5 and 10 wt% of TiO2-doped phosphate glass powder as fillers into the universal adhesive system.

Materials and Methods Human permanent premolars and molars were used in the study. Five and 10 wt% of TiO2-doped phosphate glass powder as fillers were added into the universal adhesive system. Unmodified universal adhesive was used as control. The effects of the added filler in the universal adhesive were examined on hybrid layer formation at the resin composite and dentine interface (mesio-occlusal-distal [MOD] cavities) under scanning electron microscope (SEM), shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite to dentine using shear bond testing machine, and the patterns of fracture at the resin composite–dentin interface, which were examined under stereomicroscope. The SBS analyses were performed with (8 samples per group, n = 24) and without (8 samples per group, n = 24) 5,000 cycles of thermocycling.

Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data of the SBS. For bond strength, the effects of adding fillers into the universal adhesive were analyzed.

Results The SEM images showed that the hybrid layers were similar in all the groups of unmodified and modified adhesives. An ANOVA test revealed that the SBSs of control and modified adhesives were not significantly different before (p = 0.15) or after (p = 0.39) thermocycling for all the groups. The patterns of fracture revealed various types of fracture in all adhesive groups including composite resin, adhesive, and dentine failure. Composite resin fractures are the most encountered pattern of fracture.

Conclusion Adding 5 and 10 wt% of TiO2 into universal adhesive did not adversely affect the hybrid layer, SBS, or mode of failure of composite resin to dentine. The pattern of fracture at the resin composite and dentine interface showed a favorable bonding with more cohesive than adhesive failure, particularly with the 5 wt% glass-modified adhesive group.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between Microscopic and Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Tumor Resection
Authors: Krishnakumar Asha , Ghadiyaram Ashwin , Murthy Akshay K. , Opalak Charles F. , Schuman Theodore A. , Broaddus William C.
Published: July 2024

Objectives In recent years, the transnasal endoscopic method for transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection (eTSR), alongside the conventional sublabial microscopic transsphenoidal resection (mTSR) method, has gained popularity due to advancements in imaging and instrumentation. The current study sought to elucidate whether the trend toward eTSR was associated with changes in clinical outcomes at a single institution's multidisciplinary pituitary surgery program.

Setting and Participants The Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Brain Tumor Database was queried for patients who underwent either transnasal or sublabial pituitary tumor resection of pituitary tumors between 2009 and 2021.

Design Clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Main Outcome Measures Surgical outcomes like estimated blood loss (EBL), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rates, hospital length of stay (LOS), and extent of resection were studied.

Results A total of 93 patients (57 mTSR, 36 eTSR) underwent review, revealing that mTSR was associated with a higher average intraoperative blood loss (310.5 ± 48.6 mL) than eTSR (160.0 ± 30.7 mL; p = 0.012). eTSR demonstrated an elevated intraoperative CSF leak incidence (36.1 vs. 15.8%; p = 0.043), but no difference in postoperative CSF leak requiring intervention. Hospital LOS and extent of resection showed no significant differences between the approaches.

Conclusion This single-institution, retrospective study suggests that, in experienced hands, both eTSR and mTSR approaches are effective with comparable risk profiles. The approach may be best determined by the surgical team's evaluation of the tumor's imaging features, paying attention to the patient's preoperative hematologic status due to the greater propensity for blood loss with the microscopic approach.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Mental Disorders
Authors: Gris Jean-Christophe , Chéa Mathias , Bouvier Sylvie , Pereira Fabricio R.
Published: July 2024

Thrombotic events striking the central nervous system are clinical criteria for the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Besides these, neuropsychiatric non-APS criteria manifestations are increasingly described in patients with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Among these are psychiatric manifestations. Animal models mainly describe hyperactive behavior and anxiety associated with hippocampal abnormalities. Cases of associations with psychosis, mood disorders, bipolarity, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive behavior, and depression have been reported but are still rare. Systematic human clinical association studies are concordant with a risk of psychosis, depression (simple to major), and anxiety disorders, but these are limited and of inconstant methodological quality. Brain imaging in patients, also insufficiently investigated, shows early signs of hypoperfusion and of subtle diffuse white matter changes compatible with an alteration of the axonal structure and changes in the myelin sheath. Direct interactions of aPL with the brain cells, both on cell lines and on animal and human brain biopsies, targeting both glial cells, astrocytes, and neurons, can be demonstrated. These clusters of arguments make the association between psychiatric diseases and aPL increasingly plausible. However, a considerable amount of clinical research must still be performed in accordance with the highest standards of methodological quality. The therapeutic management of this association, in terms of both prevention and cure, currently remains unresolved.
Tunable intermediate states for neuromorphic computing with spintronic devices
Authors: Cheung Shun Kong , Xiao Zhihua , Liu Jiacheng , Ren Zheyu , Shao Qiming
Published: July 2024

In the pursuit of advancing neuromorphic computing, our research presents a novel method for generating and precisely controlling intermediate states within heavy metal/ferromagnet systems. These states are engineered through the interplay of a strong in-plane magnetic field and an applied charge current. We provide a method for fine-tuning these states by introducing a small out-of-plane magnetic field, allowing for the modulation of the system’s probabilistic response to varying current levels. We also demonstrate the implementation of a spiking neural network (SNN) with a tri-state spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) learning rule using our devices. Our research furthers the development of spintronics and informs neural system design. These intermediate states can serve as synaptic weights or neuronal activations, paving the way for multi-level neuromorphic computing architectures.
Electromagnetic radiation control for nonlinear dynamics of Hopfield neural networks
Authors: Yao Wei , Fang Jia , Yu Fei , Xiong Li , Tang Lihong , Zhang Jin , Sun Yichuang
Published: July 2024

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) affects the dynamical behavior of the nervous system, and appropriate EMR helps to study the dynamic mechanism of the nervous system. This paper uses a sophisticated four-dimensional Hopfield neural network (HNN) model augmented with one or more memristors to simulate the effects of EMR. We focus on the chaotic dynamics of HNN under the influence of EMR. Complex dynamical behaviors are found and transient chaotic phenomena have the same initial value sensitivity, showing how transient chaos is affected by EMR. Multiperiodic phenomena induced by quasi-periodic alternations are found in the dual EMR, as well as the suppression properties of the dual EMR for system chaos. This implies that the dynamical behavior of the HNN system can be controlled by varying the amount of EMR or the number of affected neurons in the HNN. Finally, a strong validation of our proposed model is provided by Multisim and Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) hardware.
Representations of toroidal and full toroidal Lie algebras over polynomial algebras
Authors: Tantubay Santanu , Chakraborty Priyanshu
Published: July 2024

Toroidal Lie algebras are n variable generalizations of affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras. Full toroidal Lie algebra is the semidirect product of derived Lie algebra of toroidal Lie algebra and Witt algebra, also it can be thought of n-variable generalization of Affine-Virasoro algebras. Let h̃ be a Cartan subalgebra of a toroidal Lie algebra as well as full toroidal Lie algebra without containing the zero-degree central elements. In this paper, we classify the module structure on U(h̃) for all toroidal Lie algebras as well as full toroidal Lie algebras which are free U(h̃)-modules of rank 1. These modules exist only for type Al(l ≥ 1), Cl(l ≥ 2) toroidal Lie algebras and the same is true for full toroidal Lie algebras. Also, we determined the irreducibility condition for these classes of modules for both the Lie algebras.
Far-field plume characterization of a low-power cylindrical Hall thruster
Authors: Perrotin Tatiana , Vinci Alfio E. , Mazouffre Stéphane , Fajardo Pablo , Ahedo Eduardo , Navarro-Cavallé Jaume
Published: July 2024

A fully cylindrical Hall thruster prototype was tested in the power range of 30–300 W with the objective of understanding the behavior of the discharge as a function of input parameters. Various operating conditions were compared, including two magnetic field configurations, a set of propellant mass flow rates, and a range of discharge voltages. Plasma properties were measured in the plume, with a Langmuir probe, a retarding potential analyzer, and a Faraday cup. The experimental results showed that the mass flow rate strongly affects the ionization and, consequently, other related properties such as the plasma density, currents, and propellant utilization. The discharge voltage also appeared to influence the ion energy and propellant utilization. The performance accessible from the measured magnitudes is assessed, resulting in a maximum thrust efficiency of about 18% at 0.35 mg s−1 and 168 W.
Influence of excess silicon on polytype selection during metal-mediated epitaxy of GaN nanowires
Authors: Liu A. , Xi Z. , Li M. , Yang J. C. , Qi L. , Goldman R. S.
Published: July 2024

We have examined the origins of polytype selection during metal-mediated molecular-beam epitaxy of GaN nanowires (NWs). High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals [111]-oriented zinc blende (ZB) NWs and [0001]-oriented wurtzite (WZ) NWs, with SixNy at the interface between individual NWs and the Si (001) substrate. Quantitative energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy reveals a notably higher Si concentration of 7.0% ± 2.3% in zinc blende (ZB) NWs than 2.3% ± 1.2% in wurtzite (WZ) NWs. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations show that incorporation of 8 at. % Si on the Ga sublattice inverts the difference in formation energies between WZ and ZB GaN, such that the ZB polytype of GaN is stabilized. This identification of Si and other ZB polytype stabilizers will enable the development of polytype heterostructures in a wide variety of WZ-preferring compounds.
Design of first experiment to achieve fusion target gain > 1
Authors: Kritcher A. L. , Schlossberg D. J. , Weber C. R. , Young C. V. , Hurricane O. A. , Dewald E. , Zylstra A. B. , Allen A. , Bachmann B. , Baker K. L. , Baxamusa S. , Braun T. , Brunton G. , Callahan D. A. , Casey D. T. , Chapman T. , Choate C. , Clark D. S. , Nicola J.-M. G. Di , Divol L. , Edwards M. J. , Haan S. , Fehrenbach T. , Hayes S. , Hinkel D. E. , Hohenberger M. , Humbird K. , Izumi N. , Jones O. , Kur E. , Kustowski B. , Kong C. , Landen O. L. , Larson D. , Lepro-Chavez X. , Lindl J. D. , MacGowan B. J. , Maclaren S. , Marinak M. , Michel P. , Millot M. , Nikroo A. , Nora R. , Pak A. , Patel P. K. , Ralph J. E. , Ratledge M. , Rubery M. S. , Ruof N. W. , Sepke S. M. , Stadermann M. , Strozzi D. J. , Suratwala T. I. , Tommasini R. , Town R. , Woodworth B. , Van Wonterghem B. , Wild C.
Published: July 2024

A decades-long quest to achieve fusion energy target gain and ignition in a controlled laboratory experiment, dating back to 1962, has been realized at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) on December 5, 2022 [Abu-Shawareb et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 065102 (2024)] where an imploded pellet of deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel generated more fusion energy (3.15 MJ) than laser energy incident on the target (2.05 MJ). In these experiments, laser beams incident on the inside of a cylindrical can (Hohlraum) generate an intense ∼3 × 106 million degree x-ray radiation bath that is used to spherically implode ∼2 mm diameter pellets containing frozen deuterium and tritium. The maximum fusion energy produced in this configuration to date is 3.88 MJ using 2.05 MJ of incident laser energy and 5.2 MJ using 2.2 MJ of incident laser energy, producing a new record target gain of ∼2.4×. This paper describes the physics (target and laser) design of this platform and follow-on experiments that show increased performance. We show robust megajoule fusion energy output using this design as well as explore design modification using radiation hydrodynamic simulations benchmarked against experimental data, which can further improve the performance of this platform.
Structure of ZnxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles studied by neutron diffraction and its relation with their response in magnetic hyperthermia experiments
Authors: Lohr J. , Tobia D. , Torres T. E. , Rodríguez L. , Puente Orench I. , Cuello G. J. , Aguirre M. H. , Campo J. , Aurelio G. , Lima E.
Published: July 2024

The mixed zinc-ferrite spinel magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with the general formula ZnxFe3−xO4 are among the most extensively studied families of Fe oxides due to their interesting and diverse chemical, electronic, and magnetic properties. These systems offer the possibility of surface functionalization and possess high biocompatibility, making them highly attractive for applications in biomedicine, such as magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). The efficiency of the MFH process relies on the magnetic, structural and morphological properties of the MNPs. The substitution with the Zn ion and the cationic distribution, as well as the synthesis process employed, have a direct impact on the final properties of these oxides. Therefore, it is essential to have tools that enable a comprehensive characterization of the system to assess its performance in MFH. In this study, we have synthesized four ZnxFe3−xO4 MNP systems using three different methods: two by thermal decomposition at high temperatures, one by co-precipitation, and another by co-precipitation followed by ball milling. We analyze the effect of these various synthesis processes on the magnetic and crystallographic properties, aiming to correlate them with the response of each system in MFH. Neutron diffraction data are employed to determine the cation site occupation and to investigate the correlation with the synthesis method. MFH measurements were conducted in media of diverse viscosities, revealing different values of specific loss power, thus demonstrating a clear dependence on the synthesis process and Zn content.
High-performance transistors based on monolayer all-inorganic two-dimensional halide perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2 and its optoelectronic application
Authors: Liu Hongxu , Wang Boxiang , Wang Jiangcheng , Ye Bingjie , Parkhomenko Irina N. , Komarov Fadei F. , Wang Jin , Xue Junjun , Liu Yu , Yang Guofeng
Published: July 2024

The two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden−Popper phase all-inorganic halide perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2 has attracted tremendous attention because of its high carrier mobility, strong light-absorbing ability, and excellent environmental stability, possessing enormous potential for use as a high-performance optoelectronic device. Here, we present two transistor devices based on monolayer (ML) Cs2PbI2Cl2 and reveal their performance and current transport mechanisms through ab initio quantum transport calculations. The n-type 10 nm metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor shows a high on-state current Ion of 3160 μA/μm, and excellent performance regarding subthreshold swing, intrinsic delay time (τ), and power consumption, which completely match the International Roadmap for Device and Systems (2021 version) targets for high-performance devices and low-power devices in 2028. Moreover, phototransistors based on monolayer Cs2PbI2Cl2 also display a strong response to UV light, with a light-to-dark current ratio reaching a maximum of 104. Meanwhile, a high specific detectivity of 2.45 × 1011 Jones is obtained. The results of our study suggest that ML Cs2PbI2Cl2 is a promising candidate for high-performance transistors.
Multiphase patient-specific simulations to study fibrillation-induced thrombosis in the left atrial appendage
Authors: Bouchnita Anass , Volpert Vitaly , Kozulinas Nikolajus , Belyaev Aleksey V. , Panasenko Grigory
Published: July 2024

Thrombosis commonly develops in the left atrial appendage of patients with atrial fibrillation. The formation of blood clots in atrial appendage is a complex process, which depends on the shape of the appendage, the velocity of blood flow, the concentrations of red blood cells, platelets, and coagulation, among other factors. In this work, we present a new methodology to identify the key factors contributing to clot formation in the left atrial appendage during atrial fibrillation. The new methodology combines computed tomography imaging, computational fluid dynamics, mesh processing, and multiphase thrombosis modeling. We begin by running simulations to investigate flow patterns inside the left atrial appendages with realistic geometries. Our simulations suggest that at the entrance of the left atrial appendage, the flow forms vortices, which can intrude inside the appendage depending on the phases of the cardiac cycle. Next, we introduce blood coagulation and consider different scenarios corresponding to physiological values of blood flow velocity, geometry of the left atrial appendage, and hematocrit values. Numerical results suggest that the chances of clot formation are higher in the “cactus” geometry than in the “chicken-wing” one, in agreement with the literature. Furthermore, they suggest that slower flow circulation facilitates the development of a clot in the depth of the left atrial appendage. Slower blood movement also favors the procoagulant activity of platelets, while faster flow circulation enhances the procoagulant effect from erythrocytes. Finally, our simulations show that increased hematocrit upregulates the generation of fibrin polymer, regardless of flow velocity.
Numerical study on nanofluidic transport mechanism in Ellis flow within curved channel comprising compliant walls subjected to peristaltic activity
Authors: Kazmi S. N. , Hussain Arif , Bilal S. , Niazai Shafiullah , Khan Ilyas
Published: July 2024

Peristaltic movement of fluid flows has significant applications in biomedical engineering, medicine, human physiology, etc. Specifically, it is very useful to understand and cure the very common intestinal diseases in human beings. A number of theoretical and empirical models are used to analyze peristaltic movement. In this work, the peristaltic movement of nanofluid is modeled with a non-Newtonian Ellis fluid model in a curved channel with compliant wall properties. The effects of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and nonlinear radiations are considered in the heat transfer for better thermal analysis. The mathematical modeling of the physical problem yields the nonlinear partial differential equations with boundary conditions. First, the governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized, and then the resultant system is simplified by using the assumptions of a small Reynolds number and long wavelength. Then the obtained boundary value problem of differential equations is solved with the built-in Mathematica command NDSolve. The accuracy and reliability of the adopted procedure are verified by comparing the computed results with the reported literature. The impacts of the pertinent parameters (Brownian motion, thermal radiation, mixed convection, and thermophoresis phenomenon) on thermal energy, velocity, concentration, heat transfer rate, and stress at the lower wall are analyzed both in qualitative and quantitative manners. This study revealed some interesting facts, such as the peristaltic-driven motion of nanoliquid is strongly influenced by wall properties (i.e., wall elasticity, mass density, and wall damping). In addition, the flow experienced more resistance in the case of larger wall damping, but larger wall elasticity and mass density provide favorable movement for fluid motion. In addition, mixed convection plays a vital role in heat transfer and nanoparticle concentration in the curved domain. In addition, the curved channel walls have a higher stress factor than straight-plane channels. The results of the current study are very useful to understand many biological phenomena, such as the peristaltic movement of liquid during dialysis, food movement through the intestine, etc.
Development of convolutional neural network-based surrogate model for three-dimensional vacuum plume prediction via direct simulation Monte Carlo method
Authors: Zhang Baiyi , Cai Guobiao , Gao Da , Weng Huiyan , Wang Weizong , He Bijiao
Published: July 2024

The vacuum plume phenomenon encountered during lunar exploration missions poses significant challenges, such as impingement forces, heat fluxes, and spacecraft contamination. Numerical simulation represents the predominant method for evaluating the impacts of vacuum plumes. However, the conventional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, despite being the standard, is notably time-consuming and impractical for real-time analysis. Addressing this limitation, our research explores deep learning, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNN), for the efficient prediction of vacuum plume dynamics. We introduce a novel CNN-based DSMC method (CNN-DSMC-3D), leveraging a dataset obtained from three-dimensional DSMC simulations. This approach translates the spacecraft's shape and boundary conditions into a signed distance function and an identifier matrix. The CNN-DSMC-3D method effectively predicts the vacuum plume field, aligning closely with DSMC results across various lunar surface conditions. Crucially, the CNN-DSMC-3D method achieves a speed increase in four to six orders of magnitude over the conventional DSMC method, demonstrating substantial potential for real-time aerospace applications and offering a paradigm shift in the simulation of lunar landing scenarios.
A resolution-enhanced seventh-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme based on non-polynomial reconstructions for solving hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Han Shao-Qiang , Song Wen-Ping , Han Zhong-Hua , Xu Jian-Hua
Published: July 2024

In high-resolution numerical simulations of flows characterized by both multiscale turbulence and discontinuities, the conflict between spectral characteristics and stability becomes increasingly pronounced as the order of accuracy improves. To address this challenge, we proposed a novel seventh-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme (WENO-K7). This scheme utilizes non-polynomial reconstructions by incorporating kriging interpolation and Gaussian exponential function. Then, a hyper-parameter associated with the Gaussian function is adaptively optimized to achieve higher convergence orders on sub-stencils, reducing numerical errors on global stencils. Additionally, a criterion based on monotone interpolations is devised to automatically identify problematic hyper-parameters, facilitating the transition from non-polynomial to polynomial reconstructions near discontinuities and preserving the essentially non-oscillatory property. Compared to the conventional seventh-order WENO-Z7 scheme, WENO-K7 scheme exhibits smaller computational error and reduced numerical dissipation in smooth regions while maintaining non-oscillatory and high-resolution capabilities around discontinuities. Results from various one- and two-dimensional benchmark cases demonstrate that the proposed WENO-K7 scheme outperforms the widely used WENO-Z7 scheme with only a 12% increase in computational cost. Moreover, the WENO-K7 scheme shares the same sub-stencils as the WENO-Z7 scheme, making it easily applicable to other variants of seventh-order WENO schemes and enhancing their spectral characteristics.
Singlet fission photovoltaic cells as dual-wavelength laser power converters compatible with highly efficient solar cells
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiko
Published: July 2024

I applied photovoltaic cells equipped with singlet fission (SF) of molecular systems to dual-wavelength laser power converters (DW-LPCs) that efficiently convert two laser lights of different wavelengths to electricity. When the SF-DW-LPC is illuminated by eye-safe laser light of 1470 nm wavelength emitted from a laser diode, a single photon is converted to a single carrier. On the other hand, a single high-energy photon emitted from a high-power and low-cost laser diode of 808 nm is converted to two carriers by SF owing to its endothermic feature, even though the photon energy is slightly lower than twice the fundamental energy gap. Furthermore, the SF-DW-LPC operates as a highly efficient solar cell. These functions are required for optical wireless power transmission to moving objects including electric vehicles and flying drones. I modeled the photovoltaic process with SF and evaluated the limiting conversion efficiencies by detailed-balance calculations. Conversion efficiencies of the SF-DW-LPC for these two laser lights are competitive with those of the conventional single-junction LPCs dedicated to these wavelengths, respectively. The efficiency under solar light is close to that of the optimally designed SF solar cell. Furthermore, the SF-DW-LPC outperforms other types of DW-LPCs designed on the basis of intermediate band, triplet–triplet annihilation, and multiple exciton generation solar cells. Endothermic SF and carrier/energy extraction into the neighboring acceptors have already been demonstrated. However, molecular systems that apply to 1470 nm have not yet been realized, which is the top-priority issue to be solved to realize highly efficient SF-DW-LPCs.