bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematics Principles V10
Authors: Humphris Clive W.
Published: February 2017

Mathematics Principles V10 – now comes with interactive PC, Tablet and Smartphone Apps.

See Additional Notes at the back of the book for instructions to download the accompanying interactive App which brings the 250+ topics to life by allowing you to insert your own values. Visually on a phone or tablet it looks almost identical to the eBook. User inputs update the graphics and calculations to reflect changes. There is also an optional comprehensive PC version to download with even more features; both applications can be unlocked with your eBook purchase receipt for no additional charge.

A combined eBook, App and PC educational package at a tiny fraction of the previously published price.

Chapters (250 topics):- Number Systems, Number Conversion, Number Types, Compound Measures, Roots, Angles and Parallels, Triangle Ratios, Triangle Angles, Percentages, Ratios, Fractions, Vectors, Geometry, Circle Angles, Area, Surface Area and Symmetry, Volume, Laws, Algebra 0., Algebra 1., Algebra 2., Mathematical Rules, Powers and Indices, Simplifying, Linear Equations, Graphing, Slope and Translation, Curves and Angle Conversion, Personal Finance, Data Analysis, Binary Numbers, Binary Arithmetic and Additional Notes.
Learn BASIC Programming in Minutes for Computing Teachers Pack V10
Authors: Humphris Clive W.
Published: February 2017

Learn BASIC Programming in Minutes for Computing Teachers Pack V10 eBook covers all the topics of this popular software title used in schools and colleges worldwide for over twenty years and now also available as PC, Tablet and Smartphone Apps.

See Additional Notes at the back of the book for instructions to download the accompanying interactive App which brings the 250+ topics to life by allowing you to insert your own values. Visually on a phone or tablet it looks almost identical to the eBook pages, except you can edit the inputs to update the graphics and calculations to reflect those changes.

The teacher packs also include an unlimited user network site licence for your school with even more interactive features including making your own student hand-outs, large screen viewing for whole class teaching and much more. Both applications can be unlocked with your eBook purchase receipt for no additional charge.

A combined eBook, App and Unlimited User PC Network Site Licence educational package at a tiny fraction of the previously published price.
Analysis and Predictability of the Hydrological Response of Mountain Catchments to Heavy Rain on Snow Events: A Case Study in the Spanish Pyrenees
Authors: Corripio Javier G. , López-Moreno Juan Ignacio
Published: February 2017

From June 18 to 19, 2013, the Ésera river in the Pyrenees, Northern Spain, caused widespread damage due to flooding as a result of torrential rains and sustained snowmelt. We estimate the contribution of snow melt to total discharge applying a snow energy balance to the catchment. Precipitation is derived from sparse local measurements and the WRF-ARW model over three nested domains, down to a grid cell size of 2 km. Temperature profiles, precipitation and precipitation gradient are well simulated, although with a possible displacement regarding the observations. Snowpack melting was correctly reproduced and verified in three instrumented sites, and according to satellite images. We found that the hydrological simulations agree well with measured discharge. Snowmelt represented 33% of total runoff during the main flood event and 23% at peak flow. The snow energy balance model indicates that most of the energy for snow melt during the day of maximum precipitation came from turbulent fluxes. This approach forecast correctly peak flow and discharge during normal conditions at least 24h in advance and could give an early warning of the extreme event 2.5 days before.
Development, Deployment and Applications of Robot Audition Open Source Software HARK
Authors: Nakadai Kazuhiro ,   Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd., Okuno Hiroshi G. , Mizumoto Takeshi ,   Graduate Program for Embodiment Informatics, Waseda University,   Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Published: February 2017

[abstFig src='/00290001/02.jpg' width='300' text='Open source software for robot audition HARK' ] Robot audition is a research field that focuses on developing technologies so that robots can hear sound through their own ears (microphones). By compiling robot audition studies performed over more than 10 years, open source software for research purposes called HARK (Honda Research Institute Japan Audition for Robots with Kyoto University) was released to the public in 2008. HARK is updated every year, and free tutorials are often held for its promotion. In this paper, the major functions of HARK – such as sound source localization, sound source separation, and automatic speech recognition – are explained. In order to promote HARK, HARK-Embedded for embedding purposes and HARK-SaaS used as Software as a Service (SaaS) have been actively studied and developed in recent years; these technologies are also described in the paper. In addition, applications of HARK are introduced as case studies.
Sound Source Localization Using Deep Learning Models
Authors: Yalta Nelson ,   Intermedia Art and Science Department, Waseda University, Nakadai Kazuhiro , Ogata Tetsuya ,   Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd.
Published: February 2017

[abstFig src='/00290001/04.jpg' width='300' text='Using a deep learning model, the robot locate the sound source from a multiple channel audio stream input' ] This study proposes the use of a deep neural network to localize a sound source using an array of microphones in a reverberant environment. During the last few years, applications based on deep neural networks have performed various tasks such as image classification or speech recognition to levels that exceed even human capabilities. In our study, we employ deep residual networks, which have recently shown remarkable performance in image classification tasks even when the training period is shorter than that of other models. Deep residual networks are used to process audio input similar to multiple signal classification (MUSIC) methods. We show that with end-to-end training and generic preprocessing, the performance of deep residual networks not only surpasses the block level accuracy of linear models on nearly clean environments but also shows robustness to challenging conditions by exploiting the time delay on power information.
Influence of Different Impulse Response Measurement Signals on MUSIC-Based Sound Source Localization
Authors: Suzuki Takuya ,   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Otsuka Hiroaki , Akahori Wataru , Bando Yoshiaki , Okuno Hiroshi G. ,   Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University,   Graduate Program for Embodiment Informatics, Waseda University
Published: February 2017

[abstFig src='/00290001/07.jpg' width='300' text='Six impulse response measurement signals' ] Two major functions, sound source localization and sound source separation, provided by robot audition open source software HARK exploit the acoustic transfer functions of a microphone array to improve the performance. The acoustic transfer functions are calculated from the measured acoustic impulse response. In the measurement, special signals such as Time Stretched Pulse (TSP) are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement signals. Recent studies have identified the importance of selecting a measurement signal according to the applications. In this paper, we investigate how six measurement signals – up-TSP, down-TSP, M-Series, Log-SS, NW-SS, and MN-SS – influence the performance of the MUSIC-based sound source localization provided by HARK. Experiments with simulated sounds, up to three simultaneous sound sources, demonstrate no significant difference among the six measurement signals in the MUSIC-based sound source localization.
Development of a Robotic Pet Using Sound Source Localization with the HARK Robot Audition System
Authors: Suzuki Ryo ,   Waseda University, Takahashi Takuto , Okuno Hiroshi G.
Published: February 2017

[abstFig src='/00290001/14.jpg' width='300' text='Children calling Cocoron to come closer' ] We have developed a self-propelling robotic pet, in which the robot audition software HARK (Honda Research Institute Japan Audition for Robots with Kyoto University) was installed to equip it with sound source localization functions, thus enabling it to move in the direction of sound sources. The developed robot, which is not installed with cameras or speakers, can communicate with humans by using only its own movements and the surrounding audio information obtained using a microphone. We have confirmed through field experiments, during which participants could gain hands-on experience with our developed robot, that participants behaved or felt as if they were touching a real pet. We also found that its high-precision sound source localization could contribute to the promotion and facilitation of human-robot interactions.
Design and Assessment of Sound Source Localization System with a UAV-Embedded Microphone Array
Authors: Hoshiba Kotaro ,   Department of Systems and Control Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Sugiyama Osamu , Nagamine Akihide , Kojima Ryosuke , Kumon Makoto , Nakadai Kazuhiro ,   Kyoto University Hospital,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology,   Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University,   Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd.
Published: February 2017

[abstFig src='/00290001/15.jpg' width='300' text='Visualization of localization result' ] We have studied on robot-audition-based sound source localization using a microphone array embedded on a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) to locate people who need assistance in a disaster-stricken area. A localization method with high robustness against noise and a small calculation cost have been proposed to solve a problem specific to the outdoor sound environment. In this paper, the proposed method is extended for practical use, a system based on the method is designed and implemented, and results of sound source localization conducted in the actual outdoor environment are shown. First, a 2.5-dimensional sound source localization method, which is a two-dimensional sound source localization plus distance estimation, is proposed. Then, the offline sound source localization system is structured using the proposed method, and the accuracy of the localization results is evaluated and discussed. As a result, the usability of the proposed extended method and newly developed three-dimensional visualization tool is confirmed, and a change in the detection accuracy for different types or distances of the sound source is found. Next, the sound source localization is conducted in real-time by extending the offline system to online to ensure that the detection performance of the offline system is kept in the online system. Moreover, the relationship between the parameters and detection accuracy is evaluated to localize only a target sound source. As a result, indices to determine an appropriate threshold are obtained and localization of a target sound source is realized at a designated accuracy.
Evaluation of Microphone Array for Multirotor Helicopters
Authors: Ishiki Takahiro ,   Kumamoto University, Washizaki Kai , Kumon Makoto
Published: February 2017

[abstFig src='/00290001/16.jpg' width='300' text='UAV with a microphone array whose performance is evaluated' ] High expectations are placed on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in such tasks as rescue operations, which require a system that makes use of visual or auditory information to recognize the surrounding environment. As an example of such a system, this study examines the recognition of the environment using a helicopter mounted with a microphone array. Because the rotors of a helicopter generate high noise during operation, it is necessary to reduce the effects of this noise and those from other sources to record the audio signals coming from the ground with onboard microphones. In particular, because of helicopter body control, the rotor speed changes continuously and causes an unsteady rotor noise, which implies that it would be effective to arrange the microphones at a sufficient distance from the rotors. When a large microphone array is employed, however, the array weight may alter the helicopter’s flight characteristics and increase the noise, presenting a dilemma. This paper presents a model of rotor noise that takes into account the effect of the microphone array on the helicopter’s dynamic characteristics and proposes a method of evaluating the optimality of the array configuration, which is necessary for design. The validity of the proposed method is investigated using a multirotor helicopter mounted with a microphone array previously developed by the authors. In addition, an application example for locating sound sources on the ground using this helicopter is presented.
HARKBird: Exploring Acoustic Interactions in Bird Communities Using a Microphone Array
Authors: Suzuki Reiji ,   Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Matsubayashi Shiho , Hedley Richard W. , Nakadai Kazuhiro , Okuno Hiroshi G. ,   Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles,   Department of Systems and Control Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology,   Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd.,   Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University
Published: February 2017

[abstFig src='/00290001/20.jpg' width='300' text='Bird songs recorded and localized by HARKBird' ] Understanding auditory scenes is important when deploying intelligent robots and systems in real-world environments. We believe that robot audition can better recognize acoustic events in the field as compared to conventional methods such as human observation or recording using single-channel microphone array. We are particularly interested in acoustic interactions among songbirds. Birds do not always vocalize at random, for example, but may instead divide a soundscape so that they avoid overlapping their songs with those of other birds. To understand such complex interaction processes, we must collect much spatiotemporal data in which multiple individuals and species are singing simultaneously. However, it is costly and difficult to annotate many or long recorded tracks manually to detect their interactions. In order to solve this problem, we are developing HARKBird, an easily-available and portable system consisting of a laptop PC with open-source software for robot audition HARK (Honda Research Institute Japan Audition for Robots with Kyoto University) together with a low-cost and commercially available microphone array. HARKBird enables us to extract the songs of multiple individuals from recordings automatically. In this paper, we introduce the current status of our project and report preliminary results of recording experiments in two different types of forests – one in the USA and the other in Japan – using this system to automatically estimate the direction of arrival of the songs of multiple birds, and separate them from the recordings. We also discuss asymmetries among species in terms of their tendency to partition temporal resources.
Swarm of Sound-to-Light Conversion Devices to Monitor Acoustic Communication Among Small Nocturnal Animals
Authors: Mizumoto Takeshi ,   Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd., Aihara Ikkyu , Otsuka Takuma , Awano Hiromitsu , Okuno Hiroshi G. ,   Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, Tsukuba University,   NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation,   VLSI Design and Education Center, The University of Tokyo,   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
Published: February 2017

[abstFig src='/00290001/24.jpg' width='300' text='Sound-to-light conversion devices, Fireflies, in Oki Island and their lighting pattern of frog calling' ] While many robots have been developed to monitor environments, most studies are dedicated to navigation and locomotion and use off-the-shelf sensors. We focus on a novel acoustic device and its processing software, which is designed for a swarm of environmental monitoring robots equipped with the device. This paper demonstrates that a swarm of monitoring devices is useful for biological field studies, i.e., understanding the spatio-temporal structure of acoustic communication among animals in their natural habitat. The following processes are required in monitoring acoustic communication to analyze the natural behavior in the field: (1) working in their habitat, (2) automatically detecting multiple and simultaneous calls, (3) minimizing the effect on the animals and their habitat, and (4) working with various distributions of animals. We present a sound-imaging system using sound-to-light conversion devices called “Fireflies” and their data analysis method that satisfies the requirements. We can easily collect data by placing a swarm (dozens) of Fireflies and record their light intensities using an off-the-shelf video camera. Because each Firefly converts sound in its vicinity into light, we can easily obtain when, how long, and where animals call using temporal analysis of the Firefly light intensities. The device is evaluated in terms of three aspects: volume to light-intensitycharacteristics, battery life through indoor experiments, and water resistance via field experiments. We also present the visualization of a chorus of Japanese tree frogs (Hyla japonica) recorded in their habitat, that is, paddy fields.
SKALA USAHA DAN PELATIHAN AKUNTANSI SYARIAH TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DI BMT SE- KARESIDENAN PATI
Authors: Rahman Aulia , Kasdi Abdurrahman
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to examine the effect of education managers, company lifespan, scale effort, sharia accounting training on the use of accounting information systems at BMT in ex-Pati residency. This was field research with survey through questionnaires. Samples of this study were the manager of BMT both headquarters and branch offices which actively operate in ex-Pati residency totaling 114 respondents using purposive sampling method. The results showed that managers education influences the use of accounting information systems based on the coeffecience of total effect 0.12. The company lifespan influences the use of accounting information systems based on the coefficience of  total effect 0.19. The business scale influences the use of accounting information systems based on the coefficience of  total effect 0.20. And sharia accounting training affects the use of accounting information systems based on the coefficience of total effect 0.35.
Analisis Agribisnis Ayam Buras Melalui Pendekatan Fungsi Keuntungan Multi Output Kasus Jawa Timur
Authors: Sajuti Rosmiyati
Published: February 2017

ABSTRAK

Indonesia mempunyai populasi ayam buras yang diperkirakan 250 juta ekor, yang sebagian besar tidak dikelola sebagai suatu agribisnis. Namun demikian ternak ayam buras ini sangat lambat berkembang menjadi industri agribisnis seperti ayam ras. Ternak ayam buras merupakan sumberdaya ekonomi yang mungkin dapat dikembangkan menjadi agribisnis untuk menampung kesempatan kerja dan sumber pendapatan yang menguntungkan. Pada kenyataannya, pada beberapa daerah sudah terdapat peternak­ peternak yang mengusahakan ayam buras secara intensif. Pertanyaan kunci dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah pemeliharaan ayam buras secara intensif menguntungkan dan seberapa jauh keterpaduan sistem agribisnis dalam pengusahaan tersebut Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mempelajari  masalah agribisnis ayam buras dengan titik fokus permasalahan pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keuntungan agribisnis ayam buras. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fungsi regresi Keuntungan Multi Ouput. Pemilihan peternak sebagai responden dilakukan secara acak sederhana. Penelitian dilakukan di Jawa Timur dengan sampel peternak sebanyak 95 orang. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan tingkat keuntungan agribinis ayam buras sistem pemeliharaan intensif lebih tinggi dibandingkan sistem pemeliharaan semi intensif. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keuntungan agribisnis ayam buras adalah harga telur, harga daging, harga bibit, harga pakan, investasi petelur dan investasi pedaging masing-masing dengan nilai koefisien -1,2344, 0,3413, -0,0470, -0,0529, 1,6563, dan 0,9735. Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan adalah agrisbinis ayam buras dapat disarankan sebagai satu usaha yang menguntungkan. Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dilakukan adalah peternak harus memilih tujuan usaha antara telur dan daging secara terpisah, meningkatkan skala usaha dan terintegrasi.
Evaluasi Ekonomik terhadap Usaha Pemanfaatan Air Tanah dalam Usahatani, Studi Kasus di Daerah Kediri-Nganjuk, Jawa Timur
Authors: Sudaryanto Tahlim
Published: February 2017

Dalam menunjang program intensifikasi padi dan tanaman pangan lainnya, pemerintah melakukan rehabilitasi prasarana pengairan maupun pengembangan sumber-sumber air baru. Salah satu sumber air yang telah mulai dikembangkan pemanfaatannya ialah air tanah. Tulisan ini membahas evaluasi ekonomik terhadap proyek pemanfaatan air tanah yang didasarkan atas basil penelitian di daerah Kediri- Nganjuk, Jawa Timur. Analisa ditekankan pada telaahan perubahan yang terjadi dalam pola pertanaman, intensitas pertanaman, penggunaan sarana produksi, produksi dan pendapatan. Selain itu dilakukan analisa kelayakan dengan menggunakan kriteria investasi RMB dan TIP dari segi pandangan finansial maupun ekonomik. Dari basil penelitian ini diperoleh petunjuk yang mantap bahwa pemanfaatan air tanah dengan menggunakan pompa merupakan salah satu alternatif yang layak dalam perluasan areal maupun peningkatan produksi pangan.
Elastisitas Pendapatan dari Permintaan Beras Penduduk Indonesia
Authors: Kuntjoro Sri Utami
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Penelitian Houthakker menunjukkan bahwa di negara-negara yang pengeluaran totalnya rendah, permintaan bahan pangan kurang elastik terhadap pengeluaran total. Mengingat beras merupakan bahan pangan pokok yang utama bagi  penduduk Indonesia, pengetahuan mengenai besarnya elastisitas pendapatan dari permintaan beras dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kebijaksanaan penyediaan beras bagi penduduk. Penelitian menggunakan data Susenas 1978, dan membagi penduduk Indonesia menurut tiga go1ongan berdasarkan konsumsi kalori dan 15 daerah, tujuh Daerah Pedesaan dan delapan Daerah Kota. Model yang digunakan ialah logaritma kuadratik, dengan pengeluaran total sebagai nilai pendekatan dari pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permintaan beras kurang elastik terhadap perubahan pendapatan. Elastisitas kuantitas permintaan dan elastisitas anggaran belanja terhadap pendapatan bagi penduduk Pedesaan Indonesia golongan Pendapatan Rendah dan sebagian penduduk golongan Pendapatan Sedang dan Tinggi di Pedesaan Luar Jawa lebih besar dari 0.5, sedangkan golongan-golongan lainnya lebih rendah dari 0.5. Elastisitas pendapatan dari permintaan beras penduduk Daerah Pedesaan lebih tinggi daripada penduduk Kota, dan lebih tinggi pendapatan penduduk, lebih rendah elastisitas pendapatan permintaan beras. Elastisitas anggaran belanja beras terhadap pendapatan lebih tinggi daripada elastisitas kuantitas permintaan terhadap pendapatan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan pendapatan penduduk mengakibatkan peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas beras yang dikonsumsi. Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan elastisitas permintaan beras di berbagai daerah itu dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kebijaksanaan penyediaan beras, disesuaikan dengan perbaikan taraf hidup dan pertambahan penduduk. Usaha penyediaan beras di berbagai daerah itu memerlukan suatu sistem penyediaan yang intensif, yaitu kelancaran distribusi dari daerah surplus beras ke daerah kekurangan beras.
The Impact of Migration on the Rice Household Economy: A Case Study in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wardana I. P. , Luis J. S. , Paris T.
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dampak migrasi pria dan wanita terhadap kehidupan dan pemberdayaan wanita. Survei formal dilakukan pada 12 desa dari 4 kabupaten dan mencakup 7 desa sawah tadah hujan dan 5 desa sawah irigasi. Responden yang diwawancarai dalam survei terdiri dari 297 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa migrasi jangka panjang kebanyakan dengan tujuan luar negeri dan migrasi musiman kebanyakan dengan tujuan kota atau desa terdekat. Migran kebanyakan berasal dari rumah tangga dengan kepemilikan sawah kurang dari 0,25 hektar. Migran jangka panjang didominasi oleh anak laki-laki dan migran musiman didominasi oleh suami dan anak laki-laki. Tujuan dari migrasi jangka panjang adalah luar negeri sedangkan migrasi musiman adalah kota-kota di Jawa. Migran jangka panjang maupun musiman kebanyakan bekerja sebagai buruh bangunan. Penghasilan dari migran jangka panjang dan musiman berkisar 30-50 persen dari pendapatan rumah tangga. Migrasi berdampak negatif terhadap produksi padi di lahan irigasi berupa kelangkaan tenaga kerja. Akan tetapi, migrasi sangat penting bagi peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga karena kontribusinya cukup besar. Ukuran rumah tangga, usia istri, dan aset rumah tangga berpengaruh positif terhadap kejadian migrasi, sedangkan usia suami, pendidikan suami, kepemilikan lahan, dan tenaga kerja upahan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kejadian migrasi.
Desain Model Pengelolaan Kebun Kelapa Sawit Plasma Berkelanjutan Berbasis Pendekatan Sistem Dinamis (Studi Kasus Kebun Kelapa Sawit Plasma PTP Nusantara V Sei Pagar, Kabupaten Kampar, Provinsi Riau)
Authors: Wigena I Gusti Putu , Siregar Hermanto , Sudradjat NFN , Sitorus Santun R.P.
Published: February 2017

Pengelolaan kebun kelapa sawit plasma pascakonversi tidak sesuai standar yang dianjurkan sehingga berdampak terhadap penurunan produksi. Untuk itu, telah dilakukan penelitian di kebun kelapa sawit plasma PTP Nusantara V Sei Pagar, Kabupaten Kampar, Provinsi Riau dari bulan Januari 2007 sampai Maret 2008. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk merancang model pengelolaan kebun kelapa sawit plasma berkelanjutan yang memenuhi aspek biofisik (planet), ekonomi (profit), dan sosial (people). Penelitian menggunakan data primer dan sekunder yang menyangkut aspek biofisik, ekonomi, dan sosial. Data sekunder bersumber dari PTPN V dan instansi terkait pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Riau. Data primer biofisik dikumpulkan dangan observasi lapang, data ekonomi dan sosial dikumpulkan melalui wawancara langsung ke petani, kelompok tani dan staf KUD dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Jumlah responden sebanyak 100 orang yang diambil secara acak bertingkat (stratified random). Data terkumpul dianalisis dengan program Power Sim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pengelolaan berkelanjutan yang dirancang untuk periode 2010-2035 mampu memenuhi aspek biofisik, ekonomi, dan sosial dengan indikator produksi tandan buah segar (TBS) rata-rata 25,83 ton/ha/tahun, peningkatan degradasi lahan dan penurunan daya dukung lingkungan sangat rendah, masing-masing sebasar 0,03-0,08 persen dan 0,002-0,01 persen. Pendapatan petani rata-rata sebesar Rp 22.859.950/ha/tahun dan pendapatan masyarakat sekitar kebun rata-rata Rp 16.845.025/tahun yang melebihi tingkat Upah Minimum Regional Provinsi Riau. Kualitas sumberdaya manusia meningkat yang tercermin dari tingkat pendidikan yang disetarakan dengan pendapatan yang diperoleh sebagai tenaga kerja di perkebunan kelapa sawit sampai Rp 55.000.000/tahun.
Skenario Goal Programming dalam Perencanaan Pola Tanam Petani: Kasus Daerah Balung Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Wibowo Rudi
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Orientasi petani-petani dengan sumberdaya yang sangat terbatas padanya adalah usaha pemenuhan sekumpulan tujuan-tujuan yang diinginkannya. Masing-masing spesifikasi tujuan mempunyai prioritas yang berbeda, tergantung pada perilaku petani sendiri. Dengan demikian, keputusan yang diambilnyapun akan sangat terbatas pula. Dasar pemikiran tersebut memberikan signal bahwa pengambilan keputusan menurut perilaku ekonomi ortodoks tidaklah seirama lagi dengan permasalahannya. Berangkat dari kenyataan tersebut, penelitian ini mencoba melangkah dengan metodologi "Linear Goal Programming" (LGP) untuk menolong problematika yang kompleks di atas dengan karakterisasi tujuan berganda. Optimasi perancangan meliputi beberapa skenario optimal berdasarkan kemungkinan perubahan tingkat harga-harga keluaran. Penelitian dilakukan di daerah WKBPP Balung Kabupaten Jember pada lahan sawah usahatani musim tanam MH 1979 dan MK 1980. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sumberdaya pertanian di daerah penelitian belum menunjukkan skema yang optimal. Belum diambilnya kesempatan skema pola pertanaman yang optimal tersebut dalam banyak hal disebabkan oleh belum teradopsinya beberapa tehnik produksi usahatani oleh petani-petani. Faktor tenaga kerja keluarga dan modal terlihat merupakan restriksi yang ketat, walaupun terjadi kemungkinan adanya perubahan harga-harga keluaran. Dilain pihak, walaupun penguasaan lahan usahatani sangat terbatas, namun kebutuhan konsumsi pokok keluarga terhadap padi/beras masih dapat dijangkau. Hal yang sangat menarik adalah perilaku petani-petani yang cenderung menjual hasil produksi padinya andaikan harga padi cenderung meningkat. Sampai pada batas-batas tertentu, perubahan harga-harga keluaran dapat memacu perubahan pemilihan skema optimal pola bertanam, dan kemungkinan-kemungkinan tersebut masih memperlihatkan belum dapat dipenuhinya semua tujuan petani.
Analisa Permintaan Pupuk Urea dan TSP di Tingkat Petani pada Usahatani Jagung
Authors: Santoso Budi , Suryana Achmad , Sudaryanto Tahlim
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas per ha pada tanaman jagung adalah dengan pemakaian pupuk yang lebih intensif. Tulisan ini mencoba mengungkapkan mengenai penggunaan pupuk, produksi dan pendapatan pada usahatani jagung serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan pupuk (Urea dan TSP) pada usahatani jagung di tingkat petani, juga sekaligus menguji kecocokan alat analisa fungsi permintaan pupuk pada tingkat petani. Dari hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa petani jagung di daerah penelitian telah menggunakan Urea, tetapi sebagian kecil petani yang menggunakan TSP dan semua petani contoh belum menggunakan pupuk K. Usahatani jagung di daerah penelitian menguntungkan, namun demikian produksi per ha masih dapat ditingkatkan dengan meningkatkan penggunaan pupuk P dan K. Melalui analisa fungsi permintaan langsung diketahui bahwa variabel yang paling mempengaruhi besarnya permintaan pupuk adalah luas laban garapan. Variabel lainnya seperti harga pupuk, biaya angkut, pengetahuan petani, varietas yang dipakai dan status penggarapan tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap permintaan pupuk. Analisa permintaan pupuk di tingkat petani dengan menggunakan fungsi keuntungan UOP dan data primer tidak cocok. Diduga penyebabnya adalah tidak terpenuhinya syarat maksimisasi keuntungan pada usahatani yang dianalisa.
Sebuah Catatan Tentang Definisi Petani Besar dan Kecil
Authors: Soekartawi Soekartawi
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Artikel ini menyuguhkan ‘cara baru’  bagaimana membuat batasan usahatani ‘besar’ dan ‘kecil’ sebagai usaha untuk memperbaiki ‘cara lama’ (yang biasanya dipakai dengan mendasarkan diri pada batasan nilai tengah atau rata-rata luas usahatani). Model non linear regression di pakai  pada cara baru tersebut dan hasilnya ternyata berbeda bila dibandingkan dengan cara lama. Keunggulan cara baru ini adalah mampu di pakai untuk memisahkan usahatani besar dan kecil secara lebih baik berdasarkan masing-masing teknologi yang ada pada kelompok usahatani tersebut dan berdasarkan distribusi luas usahatani yang ada. Sedangkan kelemahan cara baru ini adalah bila paket regresi non-linear belum tersedia di komputer di Indonesia, maka ia tidak dapat dikerjakan. Implikasi dari cara ini adalah pemberian batasan tentang petani atau usahatani besar dan kecil yang keliru akan menghasilkan implikasi  kebijaksanaan yang keliru pula.
STUDY OF NS1 ANTIGEN DETECTION AND ASSOCIATION OF PLATELET COUNT
WITH VARIOUS DENGUE SEROLOGICAL MARKERS IN
DENGUE INFECTION: AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Gupta Neelam , Goyal Rahul Kumar
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus. Annually, it
affects up millions of people worldwide. An early and accurate diagnosis of dengue in the acute
phase of illness is important for identifying an epidemic and for initiation of therapy. Detection
of the secreted NS1 protein is a new approach that aid in the early diagnosis. Platelet count is
the only non-dengue parameter that can support the diagnosis of the dengue shock syndrome
and dengue. This study was done to detect dengue parameters and correlate them with the
platelet count.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted from September 2016 to November 2016.
Total 205 blood samples were collected from clinically suspected dengue cases. Serum was
separated and tested for NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG using the immunochromatography kit. The
platelet count was also recorded in all samples.
Results: Out of 205 samples tested total 92(44.9%) specimens were positive for one or more
dengue parameters. Among 92 specimens 45(49%) were positive for only NS1 antigen and 20
were positive for IgM only. Thrombocytopenia was recorded in 73(79%)out of 92 dengue
positive cases.
Conclusion: Inclusion of NS1 in the diagnosis of dengue increases the detection rate
significantly in early phase of the infection.
Гострі кишкові інфекції У дітей: сучасні можливості реалізації концепції запобігання антибіотикорезистентності
Authors: Usachova O.V.
Published: February 2017

У статті наведено аспекти актуальності проблеми антибіотикорезистентності в сучасних умовах з акцентом на гострі кишкові інфекції, зокрема сальмонельоз. З метою оптимізації ефективності терапії сальмонельозу запропоновано використання дієтичної добавки Біоспорин та показаний її ефект у дітей раннього віку.
Аденовірусна інфекція в дорослих: дослідження реактивної відповіді поліморфноядерних нейтрофільних гранулоцитів
Authors: Sidorchuk A.S.
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Частка аденовірусної хвороби в структурі гострих респіраторних вірусних інфекцій є істотною, а дана група інфекцій щороку становить до 30 % від загальної інфекційної морбідності. На сьогодні недостатньо вивчено особливості неспецифічного протиінфекційного захисту у хворих на аденовірусну інфекцію. Мета дослідження: вивчити реактивну відповідь поліморфноядерних гранулоцитів периферичної крові дорослих хворих на аденовірусну інфекцію. Матеріали та методи. У дане дослідження типу «випадок — контроль» за добровільною згодою залучено 37 осіб молодого віку з ознаками гострої респіраторної вірусної інфекції на момент звернення за медичною допомогою (за критеріями уніфікованого протоколу). Аналізували абсолютну та відносну кількість основних популяцій імунокомпетентних клітин периферичної крові, проводили розрахунок імуногематологічних показників, що характеризують реактивну відповідь основних клітин неспецифічного імунітету. Результати. Установлено зростання реактивності нейтрофільних гранулоцитів на 83,92 %, що вказує на активацію цих клітин системою цитокінів у неспецифічному протиінфекційному захисті, а тому його загальна активність зростає на 12,62 %. Запальний процес супроводжується зростанням абсолютної кількості лейкоцитів на 19,76 %, паличкоядерних нейтрофільних лейкоцитів — у 2,18 раза, лімфоцитів — на 30,30 % і моноцитів — на 48,15 %. Висновок. Вищенаведене свідчить про формування різних типів імунної відповіді на аденовірусні антигени. Специфічна імунна відповідь формується пізніше, що підтверджується зниженням індексу імунологічної реактивності організму хворих на 14,86 %. Методику оцінки реактивної відповіді нейтрофілів можна використовувати в практичній роботі лікарів для раннього прогнозування можливих зрушень у системі протиінфекційного захисту організму хворих.
Топ найнебезпечніших харчових паразитів
Authors: Zaslavskaia A.A. , Yershova I.B. , Abilova Ye.I. , Lokhmatova I.A.
Published: February 2017

У статті надається повна характеристика таких паразитарних захворювань, як трихінельоз та опісторхоз. Згідно з рейтингом ризику зараження харчовими паразитами, який опублікували Всесвітня організація охорони здоров’я та Продовольча сільськогосподарська організація ООН в 2014 році, ці паразитози займають 7-ме і 8-ме місце. Наведено історичний нарис даних захворювань, а також особливості патогенезу, клініки, діагностики і лікування.
Conceptual Review of Literature on Student Plagiarism: Focusing on Nigerian Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Orim Dr. Stella-Maris Izegbua
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a conceptual review on student plagiarism focusing mainly on International postgraduate Nigerian students. The aim of this review is to provide an insight to issues that relate to the concept, which will present information for the Higher Education Institutions in Nigeria and those overseas where the students decide to further their studies. The paper reviews studies on eight themes: the origin of plagiarism, forms of plagiarism, possible consequences of student plagiarism, general views on student plagiarism, possible causes of student plagiarism, Methods of detecting, deterring and mitigating student plagiarism, and proposed solutions.

The author concluded that a lot of Nigerian students struggle with the right perception of plagiarism and in most cases, do not understand the long-term consequences, besides the implementation of a holistic approach at managing student plagiarism, the higher institutions need to monitor and evaluate results and adapt measures to the institutional context. Also, there is a need for overseas universities to adjust their management framework in a way that will cater for international students. In addition, there is needfor more empirical studies to be carried out in Nigeria and other African Higher institutions.
Compostagem como ferramenta de educação no campo
Authors: De Sousa Aline Isabel , Da Silva Paulo Henrique , Oliveira Ykaro Richard , Francischini Paula Dentzien Dias , De Abreu Maria Carolina , Pacheco Ana Carolina Landim
Published: February 2017

A compostagem é um processo de bioxidação aeróbica mediado por grupos de microrganismos e realizado através de duas etapas, sendo na primeira percebida as oxidações químicas e na segunda o processo de humificação. Esse procedimento é eficiente na redução de resíduos e na produção de adubo, assim a realização de tal prática deve melhorar a qualidade de vida da população de forma ecologicamente correta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi promover uma intervenção educativa em agricultores de Francisco Santos-PI e em seguida perceber o conhecimento dos agricultores acerca do tema trabalhado. O estudo foi procedido em duas etapas, na primeira houve a construção de uma leira para produção de composto e em seguida produziu-se uma cartilha contendo toda a técnica para produção da mesma, já na segunda etapa foi apresentada uma palestra para os agricultores, e em seguida a aplicação de um questionário para que se pudesse observar os conhecimentos adquiridos pelos participantes após a palestra. Decorridos três meses, o composto ficou pronto e de ótima qualidade para a utilização, servindo de adubo para plantas frutíferas. A cartilha produzida mostrou todas as etapas da confecção da composteira e foi direcionada aos agricultores de produção agrícola de pequeno e médio porte. Após as atividades, 53% dos participantes relataram que “mudariam muito a forma de pensar e de como agir com a terra”. Por fim, conclui-se que a cartilha e a palestra se mostraram relevantes para a conscientização dos agricultores bem como à disseminação do conhecimento, com foco na proteção ambiental e melhor qualidade de vida.
A travelling speculator (CIL III 1650)a glimpse of the everyday life of the principales through the window of Roman funerary art
Authors: Pilipovic Sanja
Published: February 2017

The focus of the paper is on the travel scene depicted on the funerary stele
of L. Blassius Nigellio (CIL III 1650), a speculator of legio VII Claudia,
from Viminacium. Seeking to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this
scene from the everyday professional life of a Roman speculator, it draws
attention to an iconographic pattern shared by a group of monuments of Roman
principales (speculatores, frumentarii, beneficiarii consularis) among which
the scene from Viminacium holds a very important place. It also takes a look
at the origin and social status of the Upper Moesian speculator who could
afford such a costly tombstone.
Justinian’s πάτριος φωνή
Authors: Nedeljkovic Vojin
Published: February 2017

In the Justinianic Novellae, repeated occurrences of the phrase ??????? ????,
meaning the Latin language, are generally believed to be indicative of
Justinian?s favourable stance towards Latin culture, Roman tradition, and
his own roots. Per se, the importance and dignity of Latin needed no
advocacy in the actual environment of the sixth-century Constantinople: not
only was the idiom in wide official use, but a fair share of literary
production was in Latin, and proficiency in that language was normal with
the many admirers and connoisseurs of Roman antiquities. The usual
understanding is that by calling Latin the ?father tongue? Justinian never
emphasized the contingent fact of its being his own first language, but
rather referred to Latin as the primary language of the Roman people and the
traditional vehicle of high administration throughout the Empire. In the
present paper the use of ??????? ???? (or ?. ??????) is examined in the
wider context of earlier, contemporary and later Greek sources, in which it
normally means the native language of a foreign individual or ethnicity as
opposed to the Greek of the author and his readers; the instances involve a
large number of foreign languages, including contemporary spoken idioms as
well as traditional languages of different communities. However, the
question whether ??????? ???? ever became a context-free denotation of Latin
viewed as the traditional language, by all appearances, is to be answered to
the negative. On the other hand, the phrase ??????? ???? often assumes the
specific task of ?flagging? instances of code-switching in Greek texts, and
it is this special purpose that it seems to fulfill more than once in the
Novellae as well.
The greatest misfortune in the Oikoumene Byzantine historiography on the fall of Constantinople in 1453
Authors: Nikolic Maja
Published: February 2017

The focus of the paper is on the manner in which the so-called Four
Historians of the Fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman Turks - Doukas,
Laonikos Chalko?kondyles, George Sphrantzes and Kritoboulos of Imbros -
describe the 1453 conquest of Constantinople, revealing at the same time
their different political views both on this event and on the historical
reality before and after it.
Nikola Pasic and the foreign policy of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, 1919-1926
Authors: Bakic Dragan
Published: February 2017

This paper looks at Nikola Pasic?s views of and contribution to the foreign
policy of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (SCS/Yugoslavia
after1929) during the latest phase of his political career, a subject that
has been neglected by historians. His activities in this field are divided
into two periods - during the Paris Peace Conference where he was the head of
the SCS Kingdom?s delegation and after 1921 when he became Prime Minister,
who also served as his own Foreign Minister. During the peace conference,
Pasic held strong views on all the major problems that faced his delegation,
particularly the troubled delimitation with Italy in the Adriatic. In early
1920, he alone favoured the acceptance of the so-called Lloyd
George-Clemenceau ultimatum, believing that the time was working against the
SCS Kingdom. The Rapallo Treaty with Italy late that year proved him right.
Upon taking the reins of government, Pasic was energetic in opposing the two
restoration attempts of Karl Habsburg in Hungary and persistent in trying to
obtain northern parts of the still unsettled Albania. In time, his hold on
foreign policy was weakening, as King Alexander asserted his influence,
especially through the agency of Momcilo Nincic, Foreign Minister after
January 1922. Pasic was tougher that King and Nincic in the negotiations with
Mussolini for the final settlement of the status of the Adriatic town of
Fiume and the parallel conclusion of the 27 January 1924 friendship treaty
(the Pact of Rome). Since domestic politics absorbed much of his time and
energy, the old Prime Minister was later even less visible in foreign policy.
He was forced to resign in April 1926 on account of his son?s corruption
scandal shortly before the final break-down of relations with Italy.
Extended station blackout analyses of an APR1400 with MARS-KS
Authors: Kim Woongbae , Jang Hyungwook , Oh Seungjong , Lee Sangyong
Published: February 2017

The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident shows that natural
disasters such as earthquakes and the subsequent tsunamis can cause station
blackout for several days. The electric energy required for essential systems
during a station blackout is provided from emergency backup batteries
installed at the nuclear power plant. In South Korea, in the event of an
extended station blackout, the life of these emergency backup batteries has
recently been extended from 8 hours to 24 hours at Shin-Kori 5, 6, and
APR1400 for design certification. For a battery life of 24 hours, available
safety means system, equipment and procedures are studied and analyzed in
their ability to cope with an extended station blackout. A sensitivity study
of reactor coolant pump seal leakage is performed to verify how different
seal leakages could affect the system. For simulating extended station
blackout scenarios, the best estimate MARS-KS computer code was used. In this
paper, an APR1400 RELAP5 input deck was developed for station blackout
scenario to analyze operation strategy by manually depressurizing the reactor
coolant system through the steam generator's secondary side. Additionally, a
sensitivity study on reactor coolant pump seal leakage was carried out.
A study of the effective atomic number of SixPb0.7-x(Fe2O3)0.3 ternary alloys for photons
Authors: Buyukyildiz Mehmet , Kurudirek Murat
Published: February 2017

The effective atomic number (Zeff) of SixPb0.7-x(Fe2O3)0.3 ternary alloys was
obtained for photons. Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratio (R/C) has been
determined to obtain the Zeff of SixPb0.7-x(Fe2O3)0.3 ternary alloys of
varying Si and Pb (10 %-60 %) content for scattering of 59.54 keV g-rays at
an angle of 130?. The theoretical R/C ratios of elements were plotted as a
function of the atomic number and fitted to a polynomial equation.
Experimental R/C values of alloys were then used to obtain Zeff using this
fit equation. Also, Zeff values of these alloys were determined for the first
time by interpolating the R/C of the material using the R/C data of adjacent
elements in between the R/C of the alloy lies. The agreement between the
interpolation method and the fit equation was quite satisfactory. The
obtained Zeff for photon scattering were then compared to the Zeff for total
photon attenuation obtained using the Auto-Zeff program. Significant
variations were observed between the Zeff for scattering and the total
attenuation of gamma rays.
Stochastic models of heat and nuclear particle transfer based on generalized equation of Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov
Authors: Soloviev Igor , Dolicanin-Djekic Diana
Published: February 2017

Stochastic differential equations are proposed on the basis of generalized
Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation. From the statements of boundary and
initial value problems for probabilistic density, dispersion and differential
entropy the conditions for stability of solutions and changes in scenarios of
development of random phenomena of heat and nuclear particle transfer are
obtained.