bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High resolution vertical distribution and sources of HONO and NO2 in the nocturnal boundary layer in urban Beijing, China
Authors: Meng Fanhao , Qin Min , Tang Ke , Duan Jun , Fang Wu , Liang Shuaixi , Ye Kaidi , Xie Pinhua , Sun Yele , Xie Conghui , Ye Chunxiang , Fu Pingqing , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The production of HONO on aerosol surfaces and ground surfaces in urban atmosphere is of interests. However, ground surface measurement commonly in our society is not able to distinguish these two parts. Here, for the first time, we reported high-resolution vertical profile measurements of HONO and NO2 in urban Beijing at night using an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer (IBBCEAS) amounted on a movable container which attached to a meteorological tower of 325 m high. The mixing ratios of HONO during one haze episode (E1), the clean episode (C2) and another haze episode (E3) were 4.26 ± 2.08, 0.83 ± 0.65, and 3.54 ± 0.91 ppb, respectively. High-resolution vertical profiles revealed that the vertical distribution of HONO is consistent with stratification and layering in the nocturnal urban atmosphere below 250 m. Direct emissions from combustion processes contributed 51.1 % to ambient HONO concentration at night. The HONO production from the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on the aerosol surfaces cannot explain HONO vertical measurements at night, indicating that the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on ground surfaces dominated the nocturnal HONO production. The nocturnal HONO in the boundary layer is primarily derived from the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 at ground level and direct emissions; it is then transported throughout the column by vertical convection. ϕNO2 → HONO, the HONO yield from deposited NO2, is used to evaluate HONO production from the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 at night. The derived ϕNO2 → HONO values on 9 (C2), 10 (C2) and 11 December (E3) were 0.10, 0.08, and 0.09, respectively, indicating a significant production of HONO from heterogeneous reaction of NO2 at ground level. The similar ϕNO2 → HONO values measured during clean and haze episodes suggest that the heterogeneous conversion potential of NO2 at ground level is consistent at night. Furthermore, the dry deposition loss of HONO to the ground surface and vertical mixing effects associated with convection reached a near steady state at midnight on 11–12 December, indicating that significant quantities of HONO are deposited to the ground surface at night, and the ground surface is the source and sink of HONO at night.
Comparison of the cloud top heights retrieved from MODIS and AHI satellite data with ground-based Ka-band radar
Authors: Huo Juan , Lu Daren , Duan Shu , Bi Yongheng , Liu Bo
Published: August 2019

Abstract. To better understand the accuracy of cloud top heights (CTHs) derived from passive satellite data, ground-based Ka-band radar measurements from 2016 and 2017 in Beijing were compared with CTH data inferred from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI). Relative to the radar CTHs, the MODIS CTHs were found to be underestimated by −1.10 ± 2.53 km and 49 % of CTH differences were within 1.0 km. Like the MODIS results, the AHI CTHs were underestimated by −1.10 ± 2.27 km and 42 % were within 1.0 km. Both the MODIS and AHI retrieval accuracy depended strongly on the cloud depth (CD). Large differences were mainly occurring for the retrieval of thin clouds of CD  1 km, the CTH difference decreased to −0.48 ± 1.70 km for MODIS and to −0.76 ± 1.63 km for AHI. MODIS CTHs greater than 6 km showed better agreement with the radar data than those less than 4 km. Statistical analysis showed that the average AHI CTHs were lower than the average MODIS CTHs by −0.64 ± 2.36 km. The monthly accuracy of both retrieval algorithms was studied and it was found that the AHI retrieval algorithm had the largest bias in winter while the MODIS retrieval algorithm had the lowest accuracy in spring.
Response of global evaporation to major climate modes in historical and future CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Le Thanh , Bae Deg-Hyo
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Climate extremes, such as floods and droughts might have severe economic and societal impacts. Given the high costs associated with these events, developing early warning systems are of high priority. Evaporation, which is driven by around 50 % of solar energy absorbed at surface of the Earth, is an important indicator of global water budget, monsoon precipitation, drought monitoring and hydrological cycle. Here we investigate the response of global evaporation to main modes of interannual climate variability, including the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). These climate modes may have influence on temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, wind speed, and are likely to have impacts on global evaporation. We utilized data of historical simulations and RCP8.5 future simulations derived from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Our results indicate that ENSO is an important driver of evaporation for many regions, especially the tropical Pacific. The significant IOD influence on evaporation is limited in western tropical Indian Ocean while NAO is more likely to have impacts on evaporation of the North Atlantic European areas. Land evaporation is found to be less sensitive to considered climate modes compared to oceanic evaporation. The spatial influence of major climate modes on global evaporation is slightly more significant for NAO and the IOD while slightly less significant for ENSO in the 1906–2000 period compared to the 2006–2100 period. This study allows us to obtain insight about the predictability of evaporation, and hence, may improve the early warning systems of climate extremes and water resources management.
LANDSLIDE INVESTIGATION USING DIFFERENTIAL SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY: A CASE STUDY OF BALLORAN DAM AREA IN SYRIA
Authors: Hammad M. , Mucsi L. , Leeuwen B. V.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Landslides are one of the main geological hazards that can cause critical damage to the infrastructure in an area and can result in serious risks to the people’s safety there. Landslides can be investigated and monitored using field survey, aerial mapping and high resolution optical satellite data analysis. However, these methods are relatively time-consuming. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) can investigate and monitor landslides and provide sub-centimetre accuracy for ground-surface deformation when time series analysis techniques are employed. In this research, differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry was applied on Sentinel-1 data of two Single Look Complex (SLC) images from 16 October 2018 and 21 March 2019 in the Interferometric Wide (IW) swath mode using the Sentinel application platform (SNAP) to determine the extreme ground-surface deformations, as a prelude to landslides occurrence in Balloran dam area in the north-west of Syria, where the ophiolite complex deposits of the Maastrichtian are exposed causing, due to the heavy rains, several landslides affecting the road network in this area every year. The results reveal ground-surface deformations during the study period along the satellite line of sight near to the main road in Balloran dam area with a maximum value reaches to around 20 cm. The D-InSAR results were compared to the D-GPS results of 10 validation points along the main road in the study area, where the RMS difference value was 20 cm.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ivić M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. For quick and efficient response, as well as for recovery after any natural or artificial catastrophe, one of the most important things are accurate and reliable spatial data in real or near real-time. It is essential to know the location as well as to track and analyse passive and active threats to quickly identify the possible dangers and hazards. As technology evolves and advances, there is a broader spectrum of sensors that provide spatial data, and nowadays, decision-making processes also include nontraditional, informal sources of information. Apart from the offer, demand for new spatial data is increasing as well. For quicker and enhanced integration and analysis of data, artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly used which, in addition to immediate rapid reactions, can help to make better and smarter decisions in the future. Such software algorithms that imitate human intelligence can help in generating conclusions from natural phenomena presented by spatial data. Using AI in the data analysis can identify risk areas and determine future needs. This paper presents an overview of the use of AI in geospatial analysis in disaster management.
EVALUATION OF THE IMPACTS OF LACK OFGEOINFORMATION DATA IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT DURING THE 2018 KUWAIT FLOOD
Authors: Alghais N.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The State of Kuwait faced a catastrophic flood on the 9th of November 2018 due to extraordinary rainfall of around 111mm in less than 6 hours. Such an extreme flood event has not been observed in Kuwait for the last 50 years. In this research, we attempt to understand the crisis management in Kuwait from a Geoinformatics perspective. Remote sensing and GIS were used to investigate the flood impacts and response efficiency in Kuwait city, Fahaheel city and Sabah Al-Ahmad city. A comparison was carried out based on the availability of Geoinformation data and tools, the response time for each city, and the number of recorded incidents. It was found that the response to the flood event was overall lacking, mainly due to the absence of accurate geoinformation data and the lack of real-time monitoring of the drainage network. In addition, the absence of a centralized crisis management authority in Kuwait that could coordinate the various related bodies involved in flood response aggravated the issue.
UAV-BASED STRUCTURAL DAMAGE MAPPING – RESULTS FROM 6 YEARS OF
RESEARCH IN TWO EUROPEAN PROJECTS
Authors: Kerle N. , Nex F. , Duarte D. , Vetrivel A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Structural disaster damage detection and characterisation is one of the oldest remote sensing challenges, and the utility of virtually every type of active and passive sensor deployed on various air- and spaceborne platforms has been assessed. The proliferation and growing sophistication of UAV in recent years has opened up many new opportunities for damage mapping, due to the high spatial resolution, the resulting stereo images and derivatives, and the flexibility of the platform. We have addressed the problem in the context of two European research projects, RECONASS and INACHUS. In this paper we synthesize and evaluate the progress of 6 years of research focused on advanced image analysis that was driven by progress in computer vision, photogrammetry and machine learning, but also by constraints imposed by the needs of first responder and other civil protection end users. The projects focused on damage to individual buildings caused by seismic activity but also explosions, and our work centred on the processing of 3D point cloud information acquired from stereo imagery. Initially focusing on the development of both supervised and unsupervised damage detection methods built on advanced texture features and basic classifiers such as Support Vector Machine and Random Forest, the work moved on to the use of deep learning. In particular the coupling of image-derived features and 3D point cloud information in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) proved successful in detecting also subtle damage features. In addition to the detection of standard rubble and debris, CNN-based methods were developed to detect typical façade damage indicators, such as cracks and spalling, including with a focus on multi-temporal and multi-scale feature fusion. We further developed a processing pipeline and mobile app to facilitate near-real time damage mapping. The solutions were tested in a number of pilot experiments and evaluated by a variety of stakeholders.
APPLICABILITY ASSESSMENT OF UAV MAPPING FOR DISASTER DAMAGE INVESTIGATION IN KOREA
Authors: Kim S. S. , Kim T. H. , Sim J. S.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. As natural disaster occurs, the local and the central government should investigate the damaged fields promptly, analyze quantitatively the degree of damage, and establish an appropriate disaster recovery plan in accordance with Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety in Korea. The purpose of this study is to assess the applicability of UAV photogrammetry for the management of natural disaster. First, we suggest small easy-to-use UAV-based investigation procedure for natural disaster damaged area in the phase of disaster recovery in Korea. Before drone-based aerial surveying, the field survey can be performed with DGPS RTK for GCPs setting-up around disaster site. In this paper, we generate three dimensional terrain information and high-resolution ortho-imagery and then analyse quantitatively damage degree by natural disaster using commercial UAVs and drone mapping technique. Finally, we evaluate the mapping accuracy and work efficiency of drone mapping for disaster investigation application through comparing with traditional investigation work process which was dependent on labour-intensive field survey. The resolution ortho-image map of within less 5cm of GSD generated by aerial photographs acquired from UAVs at the altitude of 100m~250m enabled us to check damage information such as facilities destroy or the trace of soil erosion around the river flooded and reservoir collapsed area. In addition, three dimensional point cloud data of landslide-damaged areas enabled us to more accurately measure the width and the depth of outflows caused by landslides, soil runoff distance, and landslide damage area. The photogrammetry-based drone mapping technology for the disaster damage investigation is expected to be an alternative approach to support or replace the labour-intensive disaster site survey that needs to investigate the disaster site quickly and timely.
DISEASES SPREAD PREDICTION IN TROPICAL AREAS BY MACHINE LEARNING METHODS ENSEMBLING AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Authors: Kolesnikov A. A. , Kikin P. M. , Portnov A. M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Infection with tropical parasitic diseases has a great economic and social impact and is currently one of the most pressing health problem. These diseases, according to WHO, have a huge impact on the health of more than 40 million people worldwide and are the second leading cause of immunodeficiency. Developing countries may be providers of statistical data, but need help with forecasting and preventing epidemics. The number of infections is influenced by many factors - climatic, demographic, vegetation cover, land use, geomorphology. The purpose of the research is to investigate the space-time patterns, the relationship between diseases and environmental factors, assess the degree of influence of each of the factors, compare the quality of forecasting of individual techniques of geo-information analysis and machine learning and the way they are ensembled. Also we attempt to create a generalized mathematical model for predicting several types of diseases. The following resources were used as a data source: International Society for Infectious Diseases, Landsat, Sentinel. The paper concludes with the summary table containing the importance of individual climatic, social and spatial aspects affecting the incidence. The most effective predictions were given by a mathematical model based on a combination of spatial analysis techniques (MGWR) and neural networks based on the LSTM architecture.
CROWD4EMS: A CROWDSOURCING PLATFORM FOR GATHERING AND
GEOLOCATING SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT IN DISASTER RESPONSE
Authors: Ravi Shankar A. , Fernandez-Marquez J. L. , Pernici B. , Scalia G. , Mondardini M. R. , Serugendo G.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Increase in access to mobile phone devices and social media networks has changed the way people report and respond to disasters. Community-driven initiatives such as Stand By Task Force (SBTF) or GISCorps have shown great potential by crowdsourcing the acquisition, analysis, and geolocation of social media data for disaster responders. These initiatives face two main challenges: (1) most of social media content such as photos and videos are not geolocated, thus preventing the information to be used by emergency responders, and (2) they lack tools to manage volunteers contributions and aggregate them in order to ensure high quality and reliable results. This paper illustrates the use of a crowdsourcing platform that combines automatic methods for gathering information from social media and crowdsourcing techniques, in order to manage and aggregate volunteers contributions. High precision geolocation is achieved by combining data mining techniques for estimating the location of photos and videos from social media, and crowdsourcing for the validation and/or improvement of the estimated location. The evaluation of the proposed approach is carried out using data related to the Amatrice Earthquake in 2016, coming from Flickr, Twitter and Youtube. A common data set is analyzed and geolocated by both the volunteers using the proposed platform and a group of experts. Data quality and data reliability is assessed by comparing volunteers versus experts results. Final results are shown in a web map service providing a global view of the information social media provided about the Amatrice Earthquake event.
RELATIVE SEA LEVEL CHANGE ALONG THE BLACK SEA COAST FROM TIDE-GAUGE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Avsar N. B. , Kutoglu S. H.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Potential sea level rise poses a significant threat to low-lying areas. Considering present and future of coastal areas, scientific study of sea level rise is an essential for adapting to sea level extremes. In this study, the relative sea level change in the Black Sea were investigated using data of 12 tide-gauge and 6 GNSS stations. Results generally indicated sea level rise along the Black Sea coast. Only at Bourgas tide-gauge station, a sea level fall was detected. A significant sea level change were not determined at Sinop tide-gauge station. On the other hand, at some stations such as Poti and Sile, ground subsidence contribution to relative sea level changes were observed.
ON THE USE OF SENTINEL-2 IMAGES AND HIGH RESOLUTION DTM FOR LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING IN A DEVELOPING URBAN SETTLEMENT (MAMAK, ANKARA, TURKEY)
Authors: Yanar T. , Kocaman S. , Gokceoglu C.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Urban planning starts with the selection of suitable sites. The main factors and components for site selection are the geological-geotechnical parameters that directly affect the natural hazards, such as landslide and flood, construction costs and the location and distribution of existing infrastructure. The presence and accuracy of up-to-date maps in planning are very important. With the increase of high resolution Earth observation satellites, the required data can be obtained with high temporal frequency and spatial availability. From these data, the base parameters for planning can be extracted with semi- or fully-automatic methods. Among the Earth observation satellites, the Sentinel-2 mission of European Space Agency (ESA) provides high resolution optical images and the data are freely available also at different processing levels such as orthorectified images. In this study, the possibility of the landslide susceptibility map production which should be one of the base maps in urban planning by using Sentinel-2 satellite images was investigated in Mamak District of Ankara City, Turkey. The land cover and land use data were produced from Sentinel-2 images by using a supervised classification method in SNAP Tool provided by ESA. The lithological definitions were received from the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Explorations. The topographical parameters such as slope, aspect, topographic wetness index, etc. were extracted from a high resolution digital terrain model (DTM) of the area. Manually extracted landslide inventory data were employed in the logistic regression method and the produced landslide susceptibility map of the study area is presented here.
Chemical heterogeneities in the mantle: progress towards a general quantitative description
Authors: Tirone Massimiliano
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Chemical equilibration between two different assemblages
(peridotite type and gabbro–eclogite type)
has been determined using basic thermodynamic principles and certain constraints and assumptions regarding
mass and reaction exchange. When the whole system (defined by the sum of the two subsystems)
is in chemical equilibrium the two assemblages will not be homogenized, but they
will preserve distinctive chemical and mineralogical differences.
Furthermore, the mass transfer between the two subsystems
defines two petrological assemblages that separately are also in local thermodynamic equilibrium.
In addition, when two assemblages previously equilibrated as a whole in a certain initial mass ratio are
held together assuming a different proportion,
no mass transfer occurs and the two subsystems remain unmodified. By modeling the chemical equilibration results of several systems
of variable initial size and different initial composition
it is possible to provide a quantitative
framework to determine the chemical and petrological evolution of two assemblages from an initial state,
in which the two are separately in chemical equilibrium, to a state of equilibration of the whole system.
Assuming that the local Gibbs energy variation follows
a simple transport model with an energy source at the interface, a complete petrological description of the two systems
can be determined over time and space. Since there are no data to constrain the kinetics of the processes involved,
the temporal and spatial scale is arbitrary. The evolution model should be considered only a semiempirical
tool that shows how the initial assemblages evolve while preserving distinct chemical and petrological features.
Nevertheless, despite the necessary simplification, a 1-D model illustrates how chemical equilibration
is controlled by the size of the two subsystems. By increasing the initial size of the first assemblage (peridotite like),
the compositional differences between the initial and the final equilibrated stage become smaller, while on the
eclogite-type side the differences tend to be larger.
A simplified 2-D dynamic model in which one of the two subsystems is allowed to move with a prescribed
velocity shows that after an initial transient state, the moving subsystem tends to preserve its original composition
defined at the influx side. The composition of the static subsystem instead progressively diverges from
the composition defining the starting assemblage.
The observation appears to be consistent for various initial proportions of the two assemblages, which
somehow simplify the development of potential tools for predicting the chemical equilibration process from real data
and geodynamic applications. Four animation files and the data files of three 1-D and two 2-D numerical models are available following the instructions
in the Supplement.
Impact of land-use change in mountain semi-dry meadows on plants, litter decomposition and earthworms
Authors: Jernej Ines , Bohner Andreas , Walcher Ronnie , Hussain Raja Imran , Arnberger Arne , Zaller Johann G. , Frank Thomas
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Traditionally managed mountain grasslands are biodiversity hotspots in central Europe. However, socio-economic trends in agriculture during the last decades have changed farming practices, leaving steep and remote sites abandoned. Especially the abandonment of meadows is well known to directly affect plant and insect diversity. However, not much is known about the effects on soil processes and soil biota. To assess this, we studied four extensively managed (mown once a year, no fertilization) and four abandoned (no mowing, no fertilization) semi-dry meadows in a mountain region in Austria. Plant species richness, plant cover, plant traits, plant biomass, litter decomposition (tea bag index), and earthworm species richness and density were assessed. Additionally, soil temperature, moisture and electrical conductivity were measured. Results showed that managed meadows contained more plant species than abandoned meadows (118 vs. 93 species, respectively). We also observed different plant species assemblages between the two management types. In managed meadows, hemirosette and ruderal plant species were more abundant, while more plant species without rosettes and a higher plant necromass were found in abandoned meadows. Additionally, decomposition rate was higher in abandoned meadows. There was a trend towards higher earthworm densities in managed meadows, but there was no difference in earthworm species richness. We conclude that meadow management has effects on both aboveground vegetation and belowground biota and processes. Both abandoned and extensively managed meadows were important to sustain overall biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the study region.
Agencements of Reanimation: Facilitating an Active Old Age through Danish Co-Creation Initiatives
Authors: Lassen Aske Juul
Published: August 2019

Contemporary healthy and active aging policies coincide with new forms of governance in European welfare states promoting active citizenship, which in Denmark has been termed “co-creation.” As active aging and co-creation policies go hand in hand, new forms of health promotion programs and public-private collaborations emerge. This article centers on two initiatives that target older people in two Danish municipalities: a local COPD-choir in Vordingborg and the local department in Ishøj of the (inter)national Cycling without Age association. The municipalities take on the assignment of reanimating old age through such initiatives, by challenging the institutional barriers of the municipality. The article describes how co-creation is a redistribution of agency in the European welfare states and how older volunteers are called upon to participate in the organization of municipal initiatives, while at the same time these initiatives come with pre-fixed definitions of “good” old age. The article explores the co-creation initiatives as indicative of the agencements (Çalışkan and Callon 2010) of reanimation that endeavor to revive old age and subjectivise older people as active citizens. While such agencement involves health promotion, this article argues that the aim of initiatives is instead to engage older citizens, and hence to facilitate an active old age.
The Impact of Curriculum and Instructional Choices on Undergraduate Students in Introductory Geology
Authors: Roemmele Christopher
Published: August 2019

This research investigated the impact of an introductory geology class on undergraduate students' attitudes toward and conceptual understanding of geology. The purpose was to identify students' geologic blindness, a construct of disinterest, disdain, and unawareness of geology, geologic processes, and their relationship to humans, by assessing students’ views on curricular and pedagogical choices. A convergent parallel mixed-methods research design was conducted. The participants consisted of 289 students enrolled over two semesters in an introductory geology class for non-majors. Specific to content and instruction, students found the format of rock and mineral labs and exams difficult and in need of change. They expressed positive attitudes about the hands-on, collaborative nature of these labs, and observation skills to perform them. Curriculum topics judged more interesting were deemed less difficult to understand, and vice versa, and that there was general understanding of geology’s broader themes of tectonics and time. Open-ended responses from participants, and interviews with key informants provided further evidence for these results. Students indicated that explicit instruction on the topic relevance, cross-topic connections, and on-going assessment and the use of a variety of visualizations and collaborative work would help to improve understanding and attitudes. The results provide insight into ways to improve introductory geology courses by addressing geologic blindness.
The Closing Sequences and Ritual Expressions of Informal Mobile Phone Calls Between Saudis: A Conversational Analysis
Authors: Mahzari Mohammad
Published: August 2019

Although much work has been conducted on studying conversational openings of telephone and ritual expressions, conversational closings and ritual expressions have received less attention by researchers due to the complexity and difficulty of identifying the beginning of closings in telephone conversations. The parts of closing and ritual expressions on telephone have been examined in some languages, but Arabic has not been studied in landline telephone or mobile phone. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the sequences and ritual expressions between Saudi friends and relatives to explore the strategies of closing informal mobile phone calls by using a conversation analysis approach. Thirty audio-recorded and transcribed mobile phone conversations served as the data source for this study. The results found that the majority of mobile phone closing conversations include three parts: pre-closing, leave taking, and terminal exchange that are similar to many languages such as English, Japanese, and German. Also, various expressions were used in pre-closing and leave taking sequences, but the expressions of using prayers were used more frequently in the sequences. Finally, closing conversation is affected by various external and internal social factors in the sequences and the use of ritual expressions.
‘It Is Time to Operate Like a Woman’: A Corpus Based Study of Representation of Women in STEM Fields in Social Media
Authors: Alkhammash Reem
Published: August 2019

This study explores the discourse of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics or medicine (STEM) fields produced by Twitter users on social media, with a particular focus on language usage and function in this discourse. The exploration of the women in STEM discourse was achieved by collecting a body of tweets using popular hashtags addressing women in STEM from the last week of October 2017. Following a corpus-based approach, this study analyzes the most frequent evaluative adjectives and 4-grams. Results from the analysis of evaluative adjectives show that Twitter users represent women in STEM fields positively by using positive adjectives such as great, amazing, inspirational etc. Furthermore, the analysis of the most frequent 4-grams reveals that Twitter users employ hashtags such as #ilooklikeasurgeon and #womeninSTEM to promote the work of women in STEM fields, show their appreciation of women working and studying in STEM and challenge prevalent gender stereotypes of STEM professions. It was found that the production of women in STEM discourse by most Twitter users has contributed to increasing the strength of women in the STEM community in social media, evidenced by their practices of advocacy, networking and challenging gender biases online. The discourse of women in STEM in social media is an example of discursive activism that focuses on the larger dialogue of women in STEM and highlights dominant forms of sexism and gendered stereotypes of women’s work in male dominated professions.
Word-Formation Characteristics of Anglicisms in the Russian Slang
Authors: Lackova Marta , Hundarenko Olena , Moskalenko Olena , Demchenko Inha
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with characteristics of Anglicisms that operate in the contemporary Russian slang with the emphasis on their word-formation features. The penetration of these lexical units into the Russian language provides a researcher with a linguistically interesting material as the English and Russian languages represent typologically different language systems. To begin with, the research focuses on the origin of the individual word bases and affixes from which the Anglicism instances analysed by us are formed. Moreover, we treat the representation of non-motivated and word-motivated lexemes. At the same time, word-formation means, methods and procedures for the formation of Anglicisms in the Russian slang are taken into account. The above-mentioned lexical units find their word-formation realization within these processes: derivation, composition, compounding, clipping, acronyms, blending, conversion, calques, fusion, univerbization and phonetic mimicry. Additionally, they display differences in onomasiological categories across the studied field. With respect to this, we cover the word-formation features of the processes: word-formation strings, paradigms and nests; word-formation types, onomasiological categories and types of onomasiological categories. The practical utilization of the research is possible in the areas of comparative and applied linguistics and translatology when searching for equivalents of lexical units in typologically different languages. Furthermore, the results of the research are applicable in the methodology of teaching foreign languages.
A Hybrid RANS-LES Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of an FDA Medical device benchmark
Authors: Drešar Primož , Duhovnik Jožef
Published: August 2019

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a valuable tool that complements experimental data in the development of medical devices. The reliability of CFD still presents an issue and for that reason, no standardized approaches are currently available. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has initiated the development of a program for CFD validation, and has presented an idealized nozzle benchmark model. In this study, a nozzle flow with sudden expansion has been simulated using advanced RANS-LES turbulence models. Such models partially resolve the flow and are cheaper in computer resources and time in comparison to the Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Furthermore, they are more accurate than standard Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models. A collection of hybrid turbulence models has been investigated: Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), Stress Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES), and Scale Adaptive Simulation (SAS), and compared to a standard RANS Shear Stress Transport (SST) model. Subsequently, all models were validated by experimental results already published by different research groups. Particle Image Velociometry (PIV) experiments were performed by inter-laboratory study, and the results are available online for numerical validation.  The flow conditions in this study are only restricted to a turbulence flow at a Reynolds number of Re =6500. Complementing the turbulence models investigation, two advection schemes were tested: high resolution (HR) and bounded central difference scheme (BCD). Among all advanced models the SBES model with BCD scheme has the best agreement with the experimental values.
Effect of micro injection molding parameters on cavity pressure and temperature assisted by Taguchi method
Authors: Wang Quan , Yang Chongying , Du Kaihui , Wu Zhenghuan
Published: August 2019

The injection molding process is one of the most efficient processes where mass production through automation is feasible and products with complex geometry at low cost are easily attained. In this study, an experimental work is performed on the effect of injection molding parameters on the polymer pressure and temperature inside the mold cavity. Different process parameters of the injection molding are considered during the experimental work including packing pressure, packing time, injection pressure, mold temperature, and melt temperature. The cavity pressure is measured with time by using Kistler pressure sensor at different injection molding cycles. The results show the packing pressure is significant factor of affecting the maximum of diverse spline cavity pressure. The mold temperature is significant factor of affecting the maximum cavity temperature. The results obtained specify well the developing of the cavity pressure and temperature inside the mold cavity during the injection molding cycles.
Analysing the Kinematic Characteristics of Bennett Mechanisms and Its Networks for Usage in Forming Deployable Structures
Authors: Valayil Tony punnoose , Velappan Selladurai , Pandian Prakash Lakshmana
Published: August 2019

Two types of bennett mechanism are      encountered in most of the related literatures. This research aims at finding the best type of bennett mechanism out of the two and then using it for suitable application. One type of bennett mechanism is known as equilateral bennett mechanism, which has all the four kinematic links of equal lengths. Next type is a bennett mechanism having their opposite links of equal length. Using the two types of bennett mechanism, two different networks are created. Their working range, minimum foldability and maximum foldability of the networks were identified using MATLAB-SimMechanics toolbox. Thus, the network having better foldability was identified, so that it can be used for making foldable tent application, which is a deployable structure. The results from the analysis prove that equilateral bennett mechanism had better foldability than its counterpart. Then on analyzing the shapes of the networks, it was found that the networks had a saddle shape. The obtained saddle surface provided certain results like, when the twist angles of the bennett links were varied, saddle surfaces with more steepness are obtained. The influence of twist angle on angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration of the mechanism were also analyzed. Singularity analysis of these networks was done in Matlab-SimMechanics simulation environment. Coupler curves for both types of bennett mechanism were plotted to identify the trajectory of the output links
Study and Analysis of the Magneto-Mechanical Behavior of Smart Composite Sandwich Beam in Elastomer
Authors: Ahmed Tidjani SETTET , Salah AGUIB , Abdelkader NOUR , Nassim ZERROUNI
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this work is to analyze the nonlinear magneto-mechanical behavior of sandwich structures with a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) core subjected to a permanent magnetic field. A detailed study is first carried out to characterize the mechanical behavior of these structures. The tests were carried out in three-point bending on beams of these complex materials for several distances between supports. An experimental study of the static response, is realized using a Zwick 2.5kN machine, allows to measure displacements as a function of force. The results deduced from the numerical simulation by the Abaqus software are compared with those obtained from the theoretical analysis. This study made it possible to show that these structures exhibit a non-linear behavior even at small deformations due to the rheological parameters which are more sensitive by the application of a magnetic field.
La regulación de los nuevos alimentos y nanomateriales desde la perspectiva de la protección de la salud
Authors: Balaguer Pérez Amalia
Published: August 2019

La circulación e introducción de alimentos provenientes de otros países, la utilización de nuevos ingredientes y las tecnologías para modificar los alimentos son aspectos que pueden tener un impacto en la salud de las personas. En el ámbito de los nuevos alimentos, el Reglamento, de 1997, necesitaba una actualización. La actualización del Reglamento significa, por tanto, una mayor protección de la salud, ya que se han introducido categorías de alimentos que anteriormente no estaban reguladas, como los alimentos consistentes en nanomateriales artificiales. Sin embargo, deben considerarse algunas cuestiones problemáticas en relación con este Reglamento. El presente artículo analiza los cambios del nuevo Reglamento de nuevos alimentos desde el punto de vista de la protección de la salud, teniendo en cuenta los principios generales de la regulación alimentaria y centrándose en los nanomateriales artificiales como nuevos alimentos, así como en las dificultades que hay en torno a su definición.The movement and introduction of food from other countries, the use of new ingredients and the use of technologies to modify food are aspects that can have an impact on people’s health. In the field of novel food, the Regulation, from 1997, needed an update. The update of the Regulation means, therefore, a greater protection of health, since food categories that were not regulated before have been introduced, like food consisting of engineered nanomaterials. However, we must consider some problematic issues related to this Regulation. This article analyses the changes in the new Regulation on novel food from the point of view of the protection of health, taking into account the general principles of food law and focusing on engineered nanomaterials as novel food, as well as on the difficulties regarding its definition.
El bien jurídico protegido en el delito de maltrato animal
Authors: Jaurrieta Ortega Ignacio
Published: August 2019

Tras las distintas Reformas realizadas en el Código Penal en los últimos años, lejos de disipar las dudas y cuestiones existentes en torno a la idoneidad de que fuera el Ius puniendi del Estado el encargado de castigar las conductas relativas al maltrato animal, las mismas siguen existiendo en el día de hoy. Así las cosas, no sólo nos encontramos con juristas que critican la idea de que el encargado de sancionar estos actos de maltrato sea el Derecho Penal, sino que dentro de aquellos otros que sí que se muestran favorables a esta idea, divergen enormemente en cual ha de ser el bien jurídico a proteger por parte del legislador.After the different changes in Criminal Law over recent years, the state’s right to punish criminal offenses pursuant to its animal cruelty laws, Ius puniendi, has risen questions and concerns that have not been solved yet. At this point, the criticism comes from different sectors. Not only are there lawyers against Criminal Law punishment in these acts of abuse, but even those in favour can not agree in which has to be the legal right to be protected by the legislator.
Anmeldelse: DELTAGELSE som kunst- og kulturformidling
Authors: Mathiasson Mia Høj
Published: August 2019

Anmeldelse:DELTAGELSE som kunst- og kulturformidling, af Anne Scott Sørensen og Hjørdis Brandrup Kortbek,Samfundslitteratur (2018), 135 sider.
Machine Learning for Data Streams
Authors: Bifet Albert , Gavaldà Ricard , Holmes Geoffrey , Pfahringer Bernhard
Published: August 2019

A hands-on approach to tasks and techniques in data stream mining and real-time analytics, with examples in MOA, a popular freely available open-source software framework.

Today many information sources—including sensor networks, financial markets, social networks, and healthcare monitoring—are so-called data streams, arriving sequentially and at high speed. Analysis must take place in real time, with partial data and without the capacity to store the entire data set. This book presents algorithms and techniques used in data stream mining and real-time analytics. Taking a hands-on approach, the book demonstrates the techniques using MOA (Massive Online Analysis), a popular, freely available open-source software framework, allowing readers to try out the techniques after reading the explanations.

The book first offers a brief introduction to the topic, covering big data mining, basic methodologies for mining data streams, and a simple example of MOA. More detailed discussions follow, with chapters on sketching techniques, change, classification, ensemble methods, regression, clustering, and frequent pattern mining. Most of these chapters include exercises, an MOA-based lab session, or both. Finally, the book discusses the MOA software, covering the MOA graphical user interface, the command line, use of its API, and the development of new methods within MOA. The book will be an essential reference for readers who want to use data stream mining as a tool, researchers in innovation or data stream mining, and programmers who want to create new algorithms for MOA.
Big Hunger
Authors: Fisher Andrew
Published: August 2019

How to focus anti-hunger efforts not on charity but on the root causes of food insecurity, improving public health, and reducing income inequality.

Food banks and food pantries have proliferated in response to an economic emergency. The loss of manufacturing jobs combined with the recession of the early 1980s and Reagan administration cutbacks in federal programs led to an explosion in the growth of food charity. This was meant to be a stopgap measure, but the jobs never came back, and the “emergency food system” became an industry. In Big Hunger, Andrew Fisher takes a critical look at the business of hunger and offers a new vision for the anti-hunger movement.

From one perspective, anti-hunger leaders have been extraordinarily effective. Food charity is embedded in American civil society, and federal food programs have remained intact while other anti-poverty programs have been eliminated or slashed. But anti-hunger advocates are missing an essential element of the problem: economic inequality driven by low wages. Reliant on corporate donations of food and money, anti-hunger organizations have failed to hold business accountable for offshoring jobs, cutting benefits, exploiting workers and rural communities, and resisting wage increases. They have become part of a “hunger industrial complex” that seems as self-perpetuating as the more famous military-industrial complex.

Fisher lays out a vision that encompasses a broader definition of hunger characterized by a focus on public health, economic justice, and economic democracy. He points to the work of numerous grassroots organizations that are leading the way in these fields as models for the rest of the anti-hunger sector. It is only through approaches like these that we can hope to end hunger, not just manage it.
Double Jeopardy
Authors: Poneman Daniel B.
Published: August 2019

Making the case that we can use nuclear power to combat climate change even as we reduce the risks of nuclear terror.

Humanity faces two existential threats: nuclear annihilation and catastrophic climate change. Both have human origins, and both are linked to the use of nuclear energy. Inherent in the use of atomic fission is the risk that the technology and materials can be diverted to terrorists or hostile nations and used to make nuclear weapons. The key question is whether we can use nuclear energy to reduce the threat of climate change without increasing the risk that nuclear weapons will be used.

In Double Jeopardy, Daniel Poneman argues that the world needs an “all-of-the-above” energy policy, one that advances the goal of decarbonizing the environment through all available means—including nuclear power. Poneman makes a compelling case that we can enhance the ability of nuclear power to combat climate change even as we reduce the risks of nuclear terror. Doing so will require well-crafted laws and policies, implemented with an ethos of constant vigilance and embedded in a culture that weaves safety and security goals into the fabric of our nuclear programs. This will enable government and industry to work together to maximize energy and climate benefits while minimizing safety and security risks.