bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMACIÓN DOCENTE PARA UNA ENSEÑANZA INCLUSIVA. ESTUDIO DE CASO: UNIVERSIDAD DE COLIMA
Authors: Márquez Cabellos Norma Guadalupe , Jiménez García Sara Aliria , Moreles Vázquez Jaime
Published: September 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir y analizar la formación de docentes para la enseñanza inclusiva en cuatro programas educativos de la Dependencia de Educación Superior (DES) Pedagogía, de la Universidad de Colima, México. El trabajo se llevó a cabo por medio de un análisis documental de los programas curriculares correspondientes.

Los resultados muestran que la formación de profesores para la enseñanza inclusiva se fortalece cuando las bases curriculares de estas licenciaturas incluyen materias que aborden valores, dilemas, ejercicios y contenidos en torno a la inclusión para intervenir en su práctica pedagógica con población que presenta discapacidad, trastornos, aptitudes sobresalientes o en situaciones de vulnerabilidad. Concluimos que estas enseñanzas aún no son lo suficientemente explícitas y consistentes en tres de las cuatro licenciaturas e incluso, sus aprendizajes se obvian.
Preparation of Co/Ti electrode by electro-deposition for aqueous nitrate reduction
Authors: Jiang Bicun , Han Liqin , Wang Juntian , Lu Chang , Pan Yang , Tan Yan , Shuang Chendong , Chen Dong , Li Aimin
Published: September 2021

A Co/Ti electrode for nitrate reduction was prepared by electrode-deposition. In the single-compartment electrolysis cell, nitrate (100 mg/L) removal reached nearly 100% after 3 h electrolysis under the current density of 20 mA cm–2 by using the Co/Ti electrode as cathode, and the main reduction products were ammonium nitrogen (66.5%) and nitrogen gas (33.5%). This performance on nitrate removal was comparable to a Co3O4/Ti electrode, and the electroactivity of the Co/Ti electrode towards nitrite reduction was higher than that of a Co3O4/Ti electrode. The Co/Ti electrode exhibited an improved stability with 18.7% of mass loss and 25.5% of Co dissolution compared with the Co3O4/Ti electrode after ultrasonic interference. The presence of chlorine ion (1,000 mg/L) could promote the total nitrogen (TN) removal to approximately 100% after 3 h electrolysis because of the ammonium oxidation by the free chlorine produced from the anode. In the presence of calcium (50 mg/L) and phosphate (0.5 mg/L), the nitrate removal decreased from 85.4 ± 1.5 to 57.7 ± 3.5% after ten reuse cycles. This result suggests that Ca and P should be pre-removed before the electro-reduction of nitrate.
Tesbit çıbanlarının Nefasi intan tedavisindeki kıymeti
Authors: BAŞKAM Hasan Yusuf
Published: September 2021

Anadolu Kliniği, 1935; Cilt 1 Sayı 1'de yayınlanan Dr. Hasan Yusuf Başkam'ın Tesbit çıbanlarının Nefasi intan tedavisindeki kıymetini anlatan bir yazıdır.
Diálogos entre Arquitetura e Fenomenologia: do Moderno ao Pós-Moderno
Authors: Vizioli Simone Helena Tanoue , Segnini Tiberti Mateus , Braulio Botasso Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Longe de ser um campo fechado em si mesmo, a Arquitetura sempre procurou estabelecer pontes com outros campos disciplinares – notadamente, com a Filosofia. Entre as correntes de pensamento que fomentaram e que continuam a instigar o pensamento arquitetônico está a fenomenologia. Tal corrente filosófica, fundada por Edmund Husserl no início do século XX, teve um papel fundamental nas discussões sobre a experiência, a relação corpo-espaço em projetos de Arquitetura, contribuindo para a formação e o desenvolvimento do pensamento arquitetônico Pós-Moderno – uma questão ainda pouco estudada e fonte de debates. A fenomenologia representa uma alternativa crítica ao pensamento positivista, que, no campo arquitetônico, identifica-se, sobretudo, com o Movimento Moderno. É possível observar a influência da fenomenologia tanto nas questões de Teoria e História da Arquitetura, quanto nas discussões projetuais – em ambos, o problema do “empobrecimento” da experiência comparece de diversos modos. O presente artigo procura estabelecer diálogos entre o pensamento de três arquitetos e autores que têm a fenomenologia como base de suas discussões: o espanhol Jorge Otero-Pailos (1971-), o norueguês Christian Norberg-Schulz (1926-2000) e o finlandês Juhani Pallasmaa (1936-). Com a escolha destes autores, nota-se a persistência das discussões sobre a fenomenologia no interior do campo arquitetônico ao longo das décadas de 1970, 1990 e 2010, especialmente, nos contextos estadunidense e europeu. Além disso, observa-se que a fenomenologia arquitetônica não é um pensamento unívoco: ocorreram desenvolvimentos e modificações ao longo dos mais de 50 anos de discussões no meio acadêmico e no campo da prática profissional.
Boas Práticas da Conservação em Olinda-PE
Authors: Barreto Juliana , Milet Pinheiro Vera
Published: September 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é compreender a relação entre o Manual “Conservar Olinda: boas práticas no casario”, publicado em 2010, pelo Centro de Estudos Avançados da Conservação Integrada (CECI), e a preservação do acervo tombado de Olinda, a partir da discussão dos procedimentos teórico-metodológicos de intervenções em sítios históricos, no primeiro decênio de sua existência. Com o propósito de orientar proprietários e usuários de imóveis situados no perímetro de proteção cultural de Olinda, a fim de contribuir na minimização de obras irregulares e dos impactos das descaracterizações físicas no casario, entende-se que a aplicabilidade do Manual ainda não resultou efetiva à intimidação desse cenário de risco — ainda que fundamentado em arcabouço teórico especializado e nas legislações de proteção em vigor. Se por um lado, a rarefeita compreensão de seu conteúdo por parte da população residente pode ser das eventuais causas, por outro, podemos citar conflitos que envolvem a estrutura de gestão da conservação de Olinda, tais como a limitada capacidade de efetivar o controle urbano do extenso perímetro tombado e a necessidade de estudos para a introdução de novas tecnologias e de condicionantes ambientais no casario preexistente. Das contribuições ofertadas pelo material, estão a identificação dos valores patrimoniais de longa duração do sítio histórico e a classificação tipológica do casario antigo, cujas referências são aproveitadas pela comunidade acadêmica, na exploração em pesquisas e reflexões teóricas de intervenções, do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Word association analysis of children with disabilities
Authors: Park Sunhee
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the types of response words for stimuli in children with language impairment and normal children through the word association task.Methods: For this study, 60 children with language impairment aged 9-11 years old and 60 normal children of the same language age as them were selected. The list of stimulus words for the word association task consisted of 25 nouns, 6 verbs and 6 adjectives.Results: The research results were as follows. First, it was found that the appearance rate of association words in the form and syntax among the intra-linguistic association was higher in the children with language impairment than in the normal children, and the appearance rate of association words in the meaning and pragmatics was lower than that of the normal children. Second, in children with language impairment, the appearance rate of verb response words was high in the noun stimulus words, and the noun response words appeared high in the verb and adjective stimulus words.Conclusions: In conclusion, compared to the normal children, the form and syntax-oriented syntagmatic associative responses were higher than the semantic-oriented paradigmatic associative responses, indicating that the stimulus and response words were used side by side in sentences.
Clinical Characteristics of Children With COVID-19 in the United Arab Emirates: Cross-sectional Multicenter Study
Authors: Ennab Farah , ElSaban Mariam , Khalaf Eman , Tabatabaei Hanieh , Khamis Amar Hassan , Devi Bindu Radha , Hanif Kashif , Elhassan Hiba , Saravanan Ketharanathan , Cremonesini David , Popatia Rizwana , Malik Zainab , Ho Samuel B , Abusamra Rania
Published: September 2021

Background

COVID-19 has infected over 123 million people globally. The first confirmed case in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was reported on January 29, 2020. According to studies conducted in the early epicenters of the pandemic, COVID-19 has fared mildly in the pediatric population. To date, there is a lack of published data about COVID-19 infection among children in the Arabian region.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcomes of children with COVID-19.

Methods

This cross-sectional, multicenter study included children with confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to 3 large hospitals in Dubai, UAE, between March 1 and June 15, 2020. Serial COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing data were collected, and patients’ demographics, premorbid clinical characteristics, and inpatient hospital courses were examined.

Results

In all, 111 children were included in our study and represented 22 nationalities. Of these, 59 (53.2%) were boys. The mean age of the participants was 7 (SD 5.3) years. About 15.3% of children were younger than 1 year. Only 4 (3.6%) of them had pre-existing asthma, all of whom had uneventful courses. At presentation, of the 111 children, 43 (38.7%) were asymptomatic, 68 (61.2%) had mild or moderate symptoms, and none (0%) had severe illness requiring intensive care. Fever (23/111, 20.7%), cough (22/111, 19.8%), and rhinorrhea (17/111, 15.3%) were the most common presenting symptoms, and most reported symptoms resolved by day 5 of hospitalization. Most patients had no abnormality on chest x-ray. The most common laboratory abnormalities on admission included variations in neutrophil count (22/111, 24.7%), aspartate transaminase (18/111, 22.5%), alkaline phosphatase (29/111, 36.7%), and lactate dehydrogenase (31/111, 42.5%). Children were infrequently prescribed targeted medications, with only 4 (3.6%) receiving antibiotics. None of the 52 patients tested for viral coinfections were positive. COVID-19 PCR testing turned negative at a median of 10 days (IQR: 6-14) after the first positive test. Overall, there was no significant difference of time to negative PCR results between symptomatic and asymptomatic children.

Conclusions

This study of COVID-19 presentations and characteristics presents a first look into the burden of COVID-19 infection in the pediatric population in the UAE. We conclude that a large percentage of children experienced no symptoms and that severe COVID-19 disease is uncommon in the UAE. Various laboratory abnormalities were observed despite clinical stability. Ongoing surveillance, contact tracing, and public health measures will be important to contain future outbreaks.
Coproduction, Coeducation, and Patient Involvement: Everyone Included Framework for Medical Education Across Age Groups and Cultures
Authors: Price Amy , Damaraju Aishini , Kushalnagar Poorna , Brunoe Summer , Srivastava Ujwal , Debidda Marcella , Chu Larry
Published: September 2021

Medical education, research, and health care practice continue to grow with minimal coproduction guidance. We suggest the Commons Principle approach to medical education as modeled by Ostrom and Williamson, where we share how adapting these models to multiple settings can enhance empathy, increase psychological safety, and provide robust just-in-time learning tools for practice. We here describe patient and public coproduction in diverse areas within health care using the commons philosophy across populations, cultures, and generations with learning examples across age groups and cultures. We further explore descriptive, mixed methods participatory action in medical and research education. We adopt an “Everyone Included” perspective and sought to identify its use in continuing medical education, citizen science, marginalized groups, publishing, and student internships. Overall, we outline coproduction at the point of need, as we report on strategies that improved engagement. This work demonstrates coproduction with the public across multiple settings and cultures, showing that even with minimal resources and experience, this partnership can improve medical education and care.
Scan the Code, Help the Whole: Reciprocity and Acceptance of Contact-tracing App during COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Xie Xinzhou , Shi Lin , Bai Qiyu
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The “Health Code”, a Chinese version of contact-tracing App, has played an important role for COVID-19 containment in China, effectiveness of which depends on public acceptance. In order to obtain the health that the App can ensure, people are supposed to share their personal data. A “benefit-risk” calculus that based on others’ participation then unfolds.

OBJECTIVE

The present study generates a reciprocal perspective with a combination of technology acceptance model (TAM) and social exchange theory to understand the psychological mechanism of public acceptance of contact-tracing Apps.

METHODS

A questionnaire survey was conducted on March 2021 in a sample of 3000 Chinese netizens (mean age 32.5 years; 51.0% male). A moderated mediation model was tested and verified by utilizing PROCESS macro, with covariates well controlled.

RESULTS

Reciprocity had an indirect effect on accepting attitude towards the “Health Code” mediated by perceived risk and perceived usefulness, while part of this effect was negatively moderated by risk perception towards COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS

The acceptance of the “Health Code” was examined to be a reciprocal process with technological characteristics of data sharing as well as contextual characteristics of public health crisis. To promote public acceptance of contact-tracing Apps for COVID-19 containment, it is necessary to evoke reciprocity among the public both ideologically and physically, manage their “benefit-risk” calculus by presenting the Apps’ usefulness and guaranteeing data protection, and also take corresponding measures according to different crisis situation.
Healthcare resource utilization and costs in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension in a third-level hospital in Mexico
Authors: García-Aguilar Humberto , Vázquez Silvia Guzmán , Trejo Karen Sánchez , Juárez Yazmin Escobar , Juárez Vásquez Katiria Itzel , Sarmiento Sánchez Eduardo Soei , Molina Herman Soto
Published: September 2021

Aim:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the healthcare costs and resource utilization of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension management at a third-level hospital in Mexico.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a pediatric population with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Only direct medical costs, derived from pharmacological treatment, laboratory tests, physician visits and hospitalizations, were considered. From an institutional perspective, all costs were accounted for in 2019 US dollars.
Results:
A total of 82 patients were included. Of these, 55% were female and the mean age was 6.9 (standard deviation ± 4) years. The mean annual cost was $17,452.14 (standard deviation ± $38,944.10), with a median cost of $8832.75.
Conclusion:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a costly disease, with hospitalization and pharmacological treatment being areas with a higher economic burden. Functional class IV has greater resource utilization and costs.
Calcium-sensing receptor in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Bikle Daniel , Bräuner-Osborne Hans , Brown Edward M. , Chang Wenhan , Conigrave Arthur , Hannan Fadil , Leach Katie , Riccardi Daniela , Shoback Dolores , Ward Donald T. , Yarova Polina
Published: September 2021

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaS, provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [47] and subsequently updated [77]) responds to multiple endogenous ligands, including extracellular calcium and other divalent/trivalent cations, polyamines and polycationic peptides, L-amino acids (particularly L-Trp and L-Phe), glutathione and various peptide analogues, ionic strength and extracellular pH (reviewed in [78]). While divalent/trivalent cations, polyamines and polycations are CaS receptor agonists [14, 110], L-amino acids, glutamyl peptides, ionic strength and pH are allosteric modulators of agonist function [36, 47, 61, 108, 109]. Indeed, L-amino acids have been identified as "co-agonists", with both concomitant calcium and L-amino acid binding required for full receptor activation [148, 54]. The sensitivity of the CaS receptor to primary agonists is increased by elevated extracellular pH [18] or decreased extracellular ionic strength [109]. This receptor bears no sequence or structural relation to the plant calcium receptor, also called CaS.
SLC28 and SLC29 families of nucleoside transporters in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Hammond James R.
Published: September 2021

Nucleoside transporters are divided into two families, the sodium-dependent, concentrative solute carrier family 28 (SLC28) and the equilibrative, solute carrier family 29 (SLC29). The endogenous substrates are typically nucleosides, although some family members can also transport nucleobases and organic cations [1].
SLC47 family of multidrug and toxin extrusion transporters in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Inui Ken-ichi
Published: September 2021

These proton:organic cation exchangers are predicted to have 13 TM segments [12] and are suggested to be responsible for excretion of many drugs in the liver and kidneys [1].
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Heitman Laura H. , IJzerman Adriaan P. , McArdle Craig A. , Pawson Adam J
Published: September 2021

GnRH1 and GnRH2 receptors (provisonal nomenclature [39], also called Type I and Type II GnRH receptor, respectively [85]) have been cloned from numerous species, most of which express two or three types of GnRH receptor [85, 84, 114]. GnRH I (p-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) is a hypothalamic decapeptide also known as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, gonadoliberin, luliberin, gonadorelin or simply as GnRH. It is a member of a family of similar peptides found in many species [85, 84, 114] including GnRH II (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Tyr-Pro-Gly-NH2 (which is also known as chicken GnRH-II). Receptors for three forms of GnRH exist in some species but only GnRH I and GnRH II and their cognate receptors have been found in mammals [85, 84, 114]. GnRH1 receptors are expressed by pituitary gonadotrophs, where they mediate the effects of GnRH on gonadotropin hormone synthesis and secretion that underpin central control of mammalian reproduction. GnRH analogues are used in assisted reproduction and to treat steroid hormone-dependent conditions [58]. Notably, agonists cause desensitization of GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion and the consequent reduction in circulating sex steroids is exploited to treat hormone-dependent cancers of the breast, ovary and prostate [58]. GnRH1 receptors are selectively activated by GnRH I and all lack the COOH-terminal tails found in other GPCRs. GnRH2 receptors do have COOH-terminal tails and (where tested) are selective for GnRH II over GnRH I. GnRH2 receptors are expressed by some primates but not by humans [88]. Phylogenetic classifications divide GnRH receptors into three [85] or five groups [129] and highlight examples of gene loss through evolution, with humans retaining only one ancient gene. The structure of the GnRH1 receptor in complex with elagolix has been elucidated [132].
Glycine receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Lynch Joseph. W. , Sivilotti Lucia G. , Smart Trevor G.
Published: September 2021

The inhibitory glycine receptor (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Glycine Receptors) is a member of the Cys-loop superfamily of transmitter-gated ion channels that includes the zinc activated channels, GABAA, nicotinic acetylcholine and 5-HT3 receptors and Zn2+- activated channels. The receptor is expressed either as a homo-pentamer of α subunits, or a complex now thought to harbour 2α and 3β subunits [33, 7], that contain an intrinsic anion channel. Four differentially expressed isoforms of the α-subunit (α1-α4) and one variant of the β-subunit (β1, GLRB, P48167) have been identified by genomic and cDNA cloning. Further diversity originates from alternative splicing of the primary gene transcripts for α1 (α1INS and α1del), α2 (α2A and α2B), α3 (α3S and α3L) and β (βΔ7) subunits and by mRNA editing of the α2 and α3 subunit [83, 93, 21]. Both α2 splicing and α3 mRNA editing can produce subunits (i.e., α2B and α3P185L) with enhanced agonist sensitivity. Predominantly, the adult form of the receptor contains α1 (or α3) and β subunits whereas the immature form is mostly composed of only α2 subunits. The &a;pha;4 subunit is a pseudogene in humans. High resolution molecular structures are available for the α1 and α3 homomeric receptors [50, 20]. As in other Cys-loop receptors, the orthosteric binding site for agonists and the competitive antagonist strychnine is formed at the interfaces between the subunits’ extracellular domains. Inclusion of the β-subunit in the pentameric glycine receptor contributes to agonist binding, reduces single channel conductance and alters pharmacology. The β-subunit also anchors the receptor, via an amphipathic sequence within the large intracellular loop region, to gephyrin. This a cytoskeletal attachment protein that binds to a number of subsynaptic proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure and thus clusters and anchors hetero-oligomeric receptors to the synapse [56, 54, 88]. G protein βγ subunits enhance the open state probability of native and recombinant glycine receptors by association with domains within the large intracellular loop [124, 123]. Intracellular chloride concentration modulates the kinetics of native and recombinant glycine receptors [96]. Intracellular Ca2+ appears to increase native and recombinant glycine receptor affinity, prolonging channel open events, by a mechanism that does not involve phosphorylation [27]. Extracellular Zn2+ potentiates GlyR function at nanomolar concentrations [86]. and causes inhibition at higher micromolar concentrations (17).
Two-pore domain potassium channels (K2P) in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Baggetta Austin M. , Bayliss Douglas A. , Czirják Gábor , Enyedi Péter , Goldstein Steve A.N. , Lesage Florian , Minor, Jr. Daniel L. , Plant Leigh D. , Sepúlveda Francisco
Published: September 2021

The 4TM family of K channels mediate many of the background potassium currents observed in native cells. They are open across the physiological voltage-range and are regulated by a wide array of neurotransmitters and biochemical mediators. The pore-forming α-subunit contains two pore loop (P) domains and two subunits assemble to form one ion conduction pathway lined by four P domains. It is important to note that single channels do not have two pores but that each subunit has two P domains in its primary sequence; hence the name two-pore domain, or K2P channels (and not two-pore channels). Some of the K2P subunits can form heterodimers across subfamilies (e.g. K2P3.1 with K2P9.1). The nomenclature of 4TM K channels in the literature is still a mixture of IUPHAR and common names. The suggested division into subfamilies, described in the More detailed introduction, is based on similarities in both structural and functional properties within subfamilies and this explains the "common abbreviation" nomenclature in the tables below.
ПАРАМЕТРЫ ОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ УСИЛИТЕЛЕЙ. КАК ИЗМЕРИТЬ И КАКИЕ ВОЗНИКАЮТ СЛОЖНОСТИ?
Authors: Павлюк Ю. , Гуреев И.
Published: September 2021

Рассмотрены измерения параметров операционных усилителей. Отмечено, что рассмотренные в статье схемы измерения не требуют создания стендов с дорогостоящим оборудованием и могут использоваться разработчиками и радиолюбителями в случае необходимости проверить заявленные характеристики усилителя.
Determinación de lotes y programación de múltiples productos en una máquina con tiempos de preparación
Authors: Salazar Hornig Eduardo , Riquelme Garrido Mónica
Published: September 2021

Se desarrolla una metaheurística para resolver el problema de la determinación de lotes y programación de producción en un sistema de una máquina con múltiples productos y tiempos de preparación dependientes de secuencia. La metaheurística combina muestreo aleatorio utilizando el método Montecarlo y algoritmos genéticos para resolver en forma simultánea la configuración de lotes y la programación de la producción de la máquina, minimizando la cantidad de producto entregada en forma atrasada en los diferentes periodos del horizonte de programación. El proceso de optimización de la metaheurística se ilustra sobre la base de un problema generado en forma aleatoria según la literatura. La metaheurística se compara con un método de búsqueda en vecindad utilizado previamente en una empresa manufacturera de bolas de molienda para la minería evaluando un conjunto de instancias del problema de determinación de lotes y programación de producción de la práctica. En todas las instancias de prueba considerada, la metaheurística desarrollada en este trabajo mejora su solución con bajos tiempos computacionales. De acuerdo al planteamiento del problema se establece una generalización del problema de determinación y programación de lotes cuya estructura y método de solución puede ser extendida a diferentes entornos productivos. La definición de la medida de desempeño, que en la aplicación tratada en este trabajo se definió como la cantidad de producto entregada atrasada (a minimizar), puede adoptar una definición diferente según sea la realidad en otro sistema productivo.
¿Hay un derecho al turismo?
Authors: Maniatis Antonio
Published: September 2021

La libertad turística es una versión más amplia de la libertad clásica del movimiento. El derecho al turismo no es nuevo, dado que su existencia es tan antigua como la existencia del turismo. Según ese enfoque, el reconocimiento del turismo es nuevo. El derecho constitucional al turismo se reconoció por primera vez en la versión inicial de la Constitución italiana, que entró en vigor en 1948. Este derecho universal tiene que ver sobre todo con los derechos fundamentales de la segunda generación (particularmente con los derechos sociales, ejemplificados por los derechos al descanso y al ocio), dentro de la cual nació.
The Concept and Instances of General Principles of Administrative Law: Towards a Global Administrative Law
Authors: Petoft Arian
Published: September 2021

Actualmente, presenciamos el aumento del principio general de los discursos del derecho administrativo en todos los sistemas legales para potenciar los valores de buena administración en los órdenes legales administrativos. En numerosos litigios administrativos, los jueces han invocado algunos casos de principios legales que se imponen al contexto de las acciones del gobierno como criterios modernos y requisitos legales; pero, a pesar del papel normativo determinista del principio general del derecho administrativo, su concepto aún no está definido con precisión. Existen múltiples trabajos meticulosos que identifican el concepto de “principio legal” y sus ejemplos conocidos en los sistemas legales; sin embargo, esencialmente no queda claro si, existencialmente, tenemos principios generales de derecho administrativo en nuestros sistemas legales administrativos. Por lo tanto, este documento se es fuerza por proporcionar una respuesta convincente a la pregunta al presentar un discurso estricto sobre la definición del principio general del derecho administrativo y sus posibles instancias en los sistemas legales administrativos, principalmente entre las decisiones de los jueces de la Unión Europea y el Reino Unido —de los cuales representan normas administrativas fundamentales—, al descubrir un concepto general preciso de cada uno de ellos en los sistemas legales, se puede hacer un retrato genérico de la cara del derecho administrativo global.
The Right to a Clean and Healthy Environment: GMOS in Mexico and the European Union
Authors: Gutiérrez González Alicia
Published: September 2021

The main objective of this article is to give an overview of both the right to a clean and healthy environment adopted in international and national agreements, and the effects that the release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into the environment (especially genetically modified maize) may cause to human, animal and plant health. This article is divided into three sections: The first section focuses on the right to a clean and healthy environment and its enjoyment as a third generation human right in Mexico and the European Union; the second section briefly examines the global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops worldwide as well as the benefits and risks that the release of GMOs into the environment may cause to human, animal and plant health, and looks at the lack of protection of maize in Mexico as a Centre of Origin and Centre of Genetic Diversity (COD); and the third section analyses and compares the insufficient legal protection in Mexico with the strict legal regime in the European Union regarding the release of GMOs into the environment. I propose that Mexico should only cultivate genetically modified maize using biosafety techniques in arid zones, with the aim of protecting the genetic diversity of maize. This contrasts with the EU regulations because the EU has no genetic diversity of maize to protect. In increasing protections and following specific programs for the cultivation of genetically modified maize, the right to a clean and healthy environment could be guaranteed.
An Invitation to Mexican Courts to Engage with Transnational Sources of Law
Authors: González Zulima
Published: September 2021

In 2009, Mexican Courts started to engage in a transnational conversation between foreign courts. After Mexico was sentenced by the Inter- American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) in the case of Radilla Pacheco, the Mexican Supreme Court determined, among other things, that all national judges must examine the human rights interpretations issued by the Federal Judiciary and the IACHR, choosing the most favorable and effective interpretation to protect human rights, applying the pro homine principle. Nonetheless, nothing has been said about using case law from foreign courts as persuasive authority to find this “most favorable and effective interpretation of human rights” in Mexico. This article analyses whether Mexican courts should take into account the interpretations of foreign courts as persuasive authority when determining standards and scope of human rights, besides IACHR case law. I evaluate different theories that support the use and citation of foreign precedents, as well as arguments that raise concerns about citing foreign courts to interpret domestic legal frameworks. I conclude that, in order to make use of the most effective principles and standards of human rights, as the pro persona principle suggest, Mexican Courts should consider foreign case law.
Retrogression of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Mexico in the Context of Austerity and Crisis
Authors: Melgar Manzanilla Pastora
Published: September 2021

Mexico is facing a time of change in the allocation and distribution of public funds due to what the Mexican government has called “republican austerity”. Such change has caused public discordance since it is said to be regressive to human rights. The first article of the Mexican Constitution explicitly states the obligation of all authorities, within the scope of their powers, to promote, respect, protect and guarantee human rights in accordance with the principles of universality, interdependence, indivisibility, and progressivity. Also, Mexico is a member state of international covenants on human rights, such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, from which some obligations derive. One of these obligations is the progressive realization of economic, social, cultural rights, and the prohibition of retrogression. Even though, limited economic resources require the careful allocation and redistribution of public spending, a practice that has led to the reduced allocation of public resources for some programs considered essential in the acquisition of human rights. The shift in the allocation of public spending in Mexico may ultimately deepen in the coming months and couple years, because of the imminent economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article analyses the extent to which the Mexican government can, based on austerity, redistribution, or economic crises, make decisions that imply retrogression of rights without violating the obligation to progressive fulfillment stated in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Mexican Notary Publics in the Fight Against Money Laundering
Authors: Ledesma Lois Florencia Aurora
Published: September 2021

main task of the Mexican notary is to provide, at the request of individuals, certainty and security to legal acts and facts through the exercise of public trust, which is characterized by the specialization of its function and the expertise required to perform the activity. However, in modern times, its obligations have been expanded to include assisting national and international authorities in the fight against the crime of money laundering and its provenance, such as drug trafficking, extortion, theft, corruption, embezzlement, tax and investment fraud, terrorism and its financing, among others. Therefore, the main objective of this note is to analyze the mandatory burden on notaries within the national legal framework, which has been established in accordance with globally imposed demands to combat the perpetration of such illegal behaviors. Similarly, the possible penalties that may apply in the event of non-compliance with the applicable provisions shall be examined from a critical and theoretical perspective. The research problem is addressed from a dogmatic and formalist methodology consistent with the subject of study, providing an explanation based on the factual, regulatory, and axiological dimensions.
Gaining Access to Justice: A Subnational Study of the Public Defender’s Office in Mexico
Authors: Aguiar Aguilar Azul A.
Published: September 2021

With the transition to democracy, Latin American countries have embarked on implementing judicial reforms to redesign justice-sector institutions and build up the rule of law in the region. Reform efforts included empowe¬ring the courts, granting political independence to the public prosecutor’s office, professionalizing the public defender offices and implementing the accusatory criminal system in justice-sector institutions. To what extent are the reforms tar¬geted at the public defender offices changing the way legal defense is provided? In this article, after discussing a theoretical framework that captures and opera¬tionalizes the concepts of a merit-based career system, an accusatory criminal justice system and effective legal representation, I examine the extent to which the changes of transitioning from an inquisitorial to an adversarial system and from a non-merit-based career system to a merit-based career system have affec¬ted the way legal counsel is provided at subnational public defender offices. To accomplish this, I provide both a de jure and de facto measures (indicators of reform implementation). To identify the de jure indicators, I consulted legal texts (constitutions and secondary laws), and to gauge how the de facto indi¬cators work, I relied on interviews with public defenders, reports and academic documents. I collected 50 interviews with public defense attorneys from three Mexican states: Baja California Sur, Jalisco and Nuevo León. Findings from these states suggest that as reform implementation advances, public defenders have more tools to offer legal representation; more specifically, they are better trained, in addition to having higher salaries, a lower caseload per defender and increased access to forensic services.
Corruption, Rule of Law and Democracy: Concepts, Boundaries and Oxymora
Authors: Morris Stephen D.
Published: September 2021

Despite heightened attention to corruption, multiple reform efforts, and democratization in the past few decades, corruption remains stubbornly per¬sistent throughout the world. Much of the research on corruption highlights an inverse relationship linking corruption to the rule of law and to democracy. But rather than concentrate on the relationships among these critical variables, this research note focuses its attention on the intense debates in the literature over how to define these key concepts and the competing definitions. Analysis differentiates thin and thick definitions of each of the three concepts, highlights their shared emphasis on limiting state power and their use of vague criteria to demarcate the conceptual boundaries. Amid intense debate, all three essentially ground their li¬mits on state power on rather vague notions of justice, equality, or the common or public good. The main argument here is that in many cases this results in a con¬ceptual overlap and blurred boundaries. Depending on the definition employed, corruption can be seen as conceptually embedded within the notion of the rule of law which, in turn, is encompassed within our understanding of democracy. At one level, these common conceptual components potentially fashion tautologies and oxymora, complicating questions about the theoretical relationships among them: is it even possible for a country to have high levels of corruption and strong rule of law? Or high levels of corruption and yet still be considered democratic? At an empirical level, the conceptual overlap complicates the examination of such theoretical linkages because of endogeneity potential. I illustrate this pro¬blem briefly by noting how in some cases the indices of democracy encompass measures of the rule of law or corruption, and vice versa. The essay concludes by highlighting how disaggregating the concepts raises other interesting questions and analytical challenges.
Nutraceutical Potential of Mushroom: Review
Authors: P. R Aishwarya
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The nutraceutical potential of mushrooms is gaining gradual recognition and mushroom as such is becoming a crucial part of the diet. Mushrooms have various health benefits to offer and this article concentrates on the nutritional compositions and potential health benefits of mushrooms. The presence of bioactive compounds in edible mushroom helps to enhance their nutraceutical value. Mushrooms have versatile health benefits due to the presence of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Various mushroom products are gaining popularity because of their immense health benefits and eco-friendly packaging techniques. Patents filed for innovation in mushroom products and processes gives an assurance for the future of mushroom industries. Keywords: Mushrooms, nutraceutical potential, bioactive compounds, health benefits, antioxidants, packaging.
Enhancement of Data Quality in the Information Systems within Organization
Authors: Shewale Nishita
Published: September 2021

Abstract: To introduce unified information systems, this will provide different establishments with an insight on how data related activities take place and there results with assured quality. Considering data accumulation, replication, missing entities, incorrect formatting, anomalies etc. can come to light in the collection of data in different information systems, which can cause an array of adverse effects on data quality, the subject of data quality should be treated with better results. This paper inspects the data quality problems in information systems and introduces the new techniques that enable organizations to improve their quality of data. Keywords: Information Systems (IS), Data Quality, Data Cleaning, Data Profiling, Standardization, Database, Organization
Vehicle Detection and Traffic Prediction
Authors: Aysha Ms.
Published: September 2021

Abstract: On the road, vehicle detection processes are utilized for vehicle tracking, vehicle counting, vehicle speed, and traffic analysis. For vehicle detection, the Tensorflow object detection API method is employed. The Object Detection API in Tensorflow is a powerful tool that allows anyone to easily design and deploy effective picture recognition applications. Another way to control traffic is to use a traffic control system. Multiple linear regression is utilized to regulate the traffic system, while the OpenCV approach is used to identify vehicle speed. A system for fine payment is also offered. It makes police officers' jobs easier. The exact results of vehicle speed and traffic control are provided. Keywords: Vehicle detection, Tensorflow object detection API, Multiple linear regression, OpenCV, Fine payment
LOS EFECTOS DE LOS AFECTOS EN LA MOTIVACIÓN Y LA AUTORREGULACIÓN
Authors: Huertas Juan Antonio
Published: September 2021

(N. de la Ed.). Conferencia dictada por el Prof. Dr. Juan Antonio Huertas el 12 de marzo de 2012 en el marco de las actividades de los programas de la Maestría en Psicología Educacional y el Postgrado de Especialización en Psicología Educacional  (revisada por el autor). Invitado por el Departamento de Psicología del Desarrollo y Educación, de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Católica del Uruguay.
Selection and calculation of traction elements of the elevator lifting mechanism
Authors:   Moscow state technical university named after N.E. Bauman (National research university), Kaluga branch, Vitchuk P.V. , Reykhert N.D. ,   Moscow state technical university named after N.E. Bauman (National research university), Kaluga branch, Vitchuk N.A. ,   Kaluga state university named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky
Published: September 2021

The correct choice of elements of the elevator lifting mechanism and their parameters ensures its reliability, durability, energy and economic efficiency. The paper contains recommendations for the selection of the traction elements of the elevator lifting mechanism and the sequence of determining their parameters based on a multivariate calculation. The purpose of the proposed sequence is to obtain the most rational parameters of the traction elements of the elevator lifting mechanism. The initial data for the calculation are the lifting capacity of the elevator, the nominal speed of movement, the height of the lift of the car. It is also necessary to consider the purpose of the elevator. At the first stage of the calculation, the masses of the cab and the counterweight are determined. In this case, the existing data on analogue lifts should be used. In the absence of such data, the approximate dependences proposed by the authors of the article can be used. At the second stage, the kinematic scheme of the elevator is selected. At the third stage, the type of traction element is selected. On the basis of domestic and foreign experience in elevator engineering and well-known literature, recommendations are formulated for choosing the type of traction element. The final stage is a multivariate calculation of traction elements. It is proposed to evaluate the calculation results taking into account the minimum value of the safety factor in accordance with the EN 81-1: 1998 standard. The calculation of the traction elements considered in the work is only a small part of the process of determining the optimal parameters of the elements of the elevator lifting mechanism. At the same time, already at this stage, variability is introduced, which makes the calculation quite laborious to perform it manually. Obviously, a multivariate calculation method that allows you to analyze many different combinations of parameters of the elements of the elevator lifting mechanism and choose the optimal ones is impossible without the use of a computer.
Mathematical models of wheel turning processes road construction vehicles
Authors:   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University, Sukharev R.Yu.
Published: September 2021

The construction of highways is a complex, multi-stage process. Most of the construction works are carried out according to the projects of structures and quite high requirements are imposed on the quality of execution. The fulfillment of these requirements is associated with great difficulties in view of the limited accuracy of the road construction machine itself, the lack of on-board control systems and the limited capabilities of the human operator, who is unable to determine the required exact parameters of the structure being built «by eye». To meet the requirements, three-dimensional control systems are used, which allow determining 3 coordinates of the working order of the machine – the vertical coordinate and the location of the machine on the construction site. At the same time, the digital project of the constructed structure should be the setter in such a system. The system determines the current position and compares it with the project. On the basis of this information, a control effect on the operating organ of the machine is formed. The course of movement and the speed of the machine when using such systems are determined by the machine operator. Further development of these systems should be four-dimensional systems – in which all control actions are assigned to the control system, starting from calculating the trajectory of the machine, choosing the speed, determining the required number of passes and ending with controlling the position of the working body of the machine at each moment of time. For the functioning of these systems, adequate mathematical models of the turning processes of road construction machines with different steering options are necessary.
Refinement of the characteristics of the aerodynamic resistance to the movement of special wheeled chassis and tractors based on the use of computational gas dynamics methods
Authors:   Bryansk Automobile Plant JSC, Tarichko V.I. , Shalupina P.I. ,   Bryansk Automobile Plant JSC
Published: September 2021

An accurate assessment of the characteristics of the aerodynamic resistance to movement is important for the preliminary selection of the parameters of the engine, transmission and chassis of a special wheeled chassis or tractor. The strength of the movement resistance affects the dynamic characteristics of the car. The existing calculation methods allow for a wide variation of the aerodynamic drag coefficient, which complicates the task of preliminary selection of car parameters. The purpose of this article is to clarify and develop the engineering methodology for carrying out traction-dynamic calculations of special wheeled vehicles and tractors based on the results of computer modeling performed using computational fluid and gas dynamics (CFD modeling) methods. The modeling methodology and calculation results of a special wheeled chassis manufactured by JSC «BAZ» are considered.