bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfluoroalkyl substances in circum-ArcticRangifer: caribou and reindeer
Authors: Roos Anna Maria , Gamberg Mary , Muir Derek , Kärrman Anna , Carlsson Pernilla , Cuyler Christine , Lind Ylva , Bossi Rossana , Rigét Frank
Published: November 2021

Livers of caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from Canada (n = 146), Greenland (n = 30), Svalbard (n = 7), and Sweden (n = 60) were analyzed for concentrations of eight perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and four perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids. In Canadian caribou, PFNA (range < 0.01–7.4 ng/g wet weight, ww) and PFUnDA (<0.01–5.6 ng/g ww) dominated, whereas PFOS predominated in samples from South Greenland, Svalbard, and Sweden, although the highest concentrations were found in caribou from Southwest Greenland (up to 28 ng/g ww). We found the highest median concentrations of all PFAS except PFHxS in Akia-Maniitsoq caribou (Southwest Greenland, PFOS 7.2–19 ng/g ww, median 15 ng/g ww). The highest concentrations of ΣPFAS were also found in Akia-Maniitoq caribou (101 ng/g ww) followed by the nearby Kangerlussuaq caribou (45 ng/g ww), where the largest airport in Greenland is situated, along with a former military base. Decreasing trends in concentrations were seen for PFOS in the one Canadian and three Swedish populations. Furthermore, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, and PFTrDA showed decreasing trends in Canada’s Porcupine caribou between 2005 and 2016. In Sweden, PFHxS increased in the reindeer from Norrbotten between 2003 and 2011. The reindeer from Västerbotten had higher concentrations of PFNA and lower concentrations of PFHxS in 2010 compared to 2002. Finally, we observed higher concentrations in 2010 compared to 2002 (albeit statistically insignificant) for PFHxS in Jämtland, while PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, and PFTrDA showed no difference at all.
Biophysical Reviews’ “Meet the Councilor Series”—a profile of Peter Pohl
Authors: Pohl Peter
Published: November 2021

It is my pleasure to write a few words to introduce myself to the readers of Biophysical Reviews as part of the “Meet the Councilor Series.” Currently, I am serving the second period as IUPAB councilor after having been elected first in 2017. Initially, I studied Biophysics in Moscow (Russia) and later Medicine in Halle (Germany). My scientific carrier took me from the Medical School of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, via the Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (Berlin) and the Institute for Biology at the Humboldt University (Berlin) to the Physics Department of the Johannes Kepler University in Linz (Austria). My key research interests lie in the molecular mechanisms of transport phenomena occurring at the lipid membrane, including (i) spontaneous and facilitated transport of water and other small molecules across membranes in reconstituted systems, (ii) proton migration along the membrane surface, (iii) protein translocation, and (iv) bilayer mechanics. Training of undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral researchers from diverse academic disciplines has been—and shall remain—a consistent part of my work.
Secure transmission technique for data in IoT edge computing infrastructure
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Arya Rajeev
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, the utilization of IoT technology has been rapidly increased in various applications such as smart city, smart banking, smart transport, etc. The internet of things allows the user to collect the data easily using the different sensors installed at various locations in the open environment. The data collection process by the IoT sensors is giving access to the various services. However, due to the open communication medium, it is difficult to provide secure access to these services. In this paper, a data transmission technique has been proposed, which will provide secure communication in IoT infrastructure for smart city applications. In this method, each IoT sensor have to prove their legitimacy to the reader and the base station before the transmission of data. Hence, the IoT sensors can transmit the required data in a secure and efficient way. In the proposed technique, the proof of correction shows that the required information is not supposed to send through an online medium, it is obtained at the receiver using the Euclidean parameters shared by the IoT sensors. The proposed technique is compatible to provide the security against most of the attacks performed by the attackers. Two random variables and complex mathematical calculation are making the proposed technique more reliable than others. This technique will significantly improve the security of different data transmission services which will be helpful to improve the smart city infrastructure.
SecDocker: Hardening the Continuous Integration Workflow
Authors: Fernández González David , Rodríguez Lera Francisco Javier , Esteban Gonzalo , Fernández Llamas Camino
Published: November 2021

Current Continuous Integration (CI) processes face significant intrinsic cybersecurity challenges. The idea is not only to solve and test formal or regulatory security requirements of source code but also to adhere to the same principles to the CI pipeline itself. This paper presents an overview of current security issues in CI workflow. It designs, develops, and deploys a new tool for the secure deployment of a container-based CI pipeline flow without slowing down release cycles. The tool, called SecDocker for its Docker-based approach, is publicly available in GitHub. It implements a transparent application firewall based on a configuration mechanism avoiding issues in the CI workflow associated with intended or unintended container configurations. Integrated with other DevOps Engineers tools, it provides feedback from only those scenarios that match specific patterns, addressing future container security issues.
Consumer Optimization and a First-Order PDE with a Non-Smooth System
Authors: Hosoya Yuhki
Published: November 2021

We study a first-order nonlinear partial differential equation and present a necessary and sufficient condition for the global existence of its solution in a non-smooth environment. Using this result, we prove a local existence theorem for a solution to this differential equation. Moreover, we present two applications of this result. The first concerns an inverse problem called the integrability problem in microeconomic theory and the second concerns an extension of Frobenius’ theorem.
What We Do and Do Not Know About Standard Form Contracts? An Empirical Study of Wealth Management Product Contracts in China
Authors: Zhou Qin , Feng Jing
Published: November 2021

Wealth management products have been popular investment vehicles in China, and they are governed by standard form contracts. Existing studies mainly focus on the risk of such products and suggest having special laws to provide more protection for customers. Little is known about the actual contents of wealth management product contracts. Based on 66 hand-collected wealth management product contracts from major Chinese commercial banks, this article tries to explore the contractual relationship between giant banks and individual customers. It also tests the exploitation theory in a Chinese context by analysing whether the wealth management product contracts are more pro-seller or pro-buyer relative to the laws and regulations in China. Our findings reinforce the argument that standard form contracts are designed in favour of the sellers. The wealth management product contracts are tilted toward the commercial banks relative to the default rules. These contracts contain massive clauses that limit banks’ liabilities and restrict customers’ choice of conflict resolution mechanisms. However, a counter-intuitive finding is that national commercial banks provide less pro-seller terms than the local ones. We argue that the explanations for such variation in contract practices among Chinese commercial banks lie in the enforcement of relevant laws and regulations and the unique nature of national commercial banks.
Tolerance and the labor supply of cohabiting gays and lesbians
Authors: Hansen Mary Eschelbach , Martell Michael E. , Roncolato Leanne
Published: November 2021

Tolerance of sexual minorities is presumed to matter, but its effects are under-studied. Because tolerance can affect both experiences at work and division of labor in the household, we study the relationship between tolerance and the time cohabiting gay men and lesbian women spend in paid work across the United States. In the average state, the increase in tolerance between 2003 and 2015 is associated with an increase in paid work of about 1 week per year among cohabiting gay men. Though not robustly statistically significant, the increase in tolerance is associated with a decrease in paid work among cohabiting lesbian women relative to heterosexual women.
Viscous gravity currents over flat inclined surfaces
Authors: Huppert Herbert E. , Kuzkin Vitaly A. , Kraeva Svetlana O.
Published: November 2021

Previous analyses of the flow of low-Reynolds-number, viscous gravity currents down inclined planes are investigated further and extended. Particular emphasis is on the motion of the fluid front and tail, which previous analyses treated somewhat cavalierly. We obtain reliable, approximate, analytic solutions in these regions, the accuracies of which are satisfactorily tested against our numerical evaluations. The solutions show that the flow has several time scales determined by the inclination angle,

$\alpha$

. At short times, the influence of initial and boundary conditions is important and the flow is governed by both the pressure gradient and the direct action of gravity due to inclination. Later on, the areas where the boundary conditions are important shrink. This fact explains why previous solutions, being inaccurate near the front and the tail, described experimental data with high accuracy. At larger times, of the order of

$\alpha ^{-5/2}$

, the influence of the pressure gradient may be neglected and the fluid profile converges to the square-root shape predicted in previous works. Important extensions of our approach are also outlined.
Effects of Reynolds number on leading-edge vortex formation dynamics and stability in revolving wings
Authors: Chen Long , Wang Luyao , Zhou Chao , Wu Jianghao , Cheng Bo
Published: November 2021

The mechanisms of leading-edge vortex (LEV) formation and its stable attachment to revolving wings depend highly on Reynolds number (

$\textit {Re}$

). In this study, using numerical methods, we examined the

$\textit {Re}$

dependence of LEV formation dynamics and stability on revolving wings with

$\textit {Re}$

ranging from 10 to 5000. Our results show that the duration of the LEV formation period and its steady-state intensity both reduce significantly as

$\textit {Re}$

decreases from 1000 to 10. Moreover, the primary mechanisms contributing to LEV stability can vary at different

$\textit {Re}$

levels. At

$\textit {Re} <200$

, the LEV stability is mainly driven by viscous diffusion. At

$200<\textit {Re} <1000$

, the LEV is maintained by two distinct vortex-tilting-based mechanisms, i.e. the planetary vorticity tilting and the radial–tangential vorticity balance. At

$\textit {Re}>1000$

, the radial–tangential vorticity balance becomes the primary contributor to LEV stability, in addition to secondary contributions from tip-ward vorticity convection, vortex compression and planetary vorticity tilting. It is further shown that the regions of tip-ward vorticity convection and tip-ward pressure gradient almost overlap at high

$\textit {Re}$

. In addition, the contribution of planetary vorticity tilting in LEV stability is

$\textit {Re}$

-independent. This work provides novel insights into the various mechanisms, in particular those of vortex tilting, in driving the LEV formation and stability on low-

$\textit {Re}$

revolving wings.
DENSITY-LIKE AND GENERALIZED DENSITY IDEALS
Authors: KWELA ADAM , LEONETTI PAOLO
Published: November 2021

We show that there exist uncountably many (tall and nontall) pairwise nonisomorphic density-like ideals on
$\omega $
which are not generalized density ideals. In addition, they are nonpathological. This answers a question posed by Borodulin-Nadzieja et al. in [this Journal, vol. 80 (2015), pp. 1268–1289]. Lastly, we provide sufficient conditions for a density-like ideal to be necessarily a generalized density ideal.
Diverse non-crop vegetation assemblages as banker plants for predatory mites in strawberry crop
Authors: Hata Fernando Teruhiko , Togni Pedro Henrique , Ventura Maurício Ursi , da Silva José Eduardo Poloni , Ferreira Nilson Zacarias , Constantino Leonel
Published: November 2021

Non-crop plant diversity plays a fundamental role in the conservation of predatory mite (PM) and can be proposed as a banker plant system (BPS). BPSs provide plants that host natural enemies in greenhouses or field crops and may improve the efficiency of biological control. The aim of this study was to investigate if a diverse plant composition could be a suitable BPS for PMs in strawberry crops. A plant inventory characterized 22 species of non-crop plants harboring PMs. The most abundant PMs, in decreasing order, were Neoseiulus californicus, Neoseiulus anonymus, Euseius citrifolius, and Euseius concordis. PMs were randomly distributed among plants. We also found specific associations of Phytoseiidae species and phytophagous or generalist mites on plants. Due to this, four species were deemed suitable as banker plants: Capsicum sp., Leonurus sibiricus, Solanum americanum, and Urochloa mutica. Moreover, these plants combined a high PMs density and a low occurrence or absence of pest-mites. This study suggests shifting the traditional view that BPSs are composed of a limited number of species to use plant assemblages. This contributes to both conservation and augmentative biological control.
Reproductive and feeding biology of unicorn leatherjacket, Aluterus monoceros from the Bay of Bengal, Northern Indian Ocean
Authors: Ghosh Shubhadeep , Hoshalli Manas Munivenkatappa , Mamidi Satishkumar , Rohit Prathibha , Achamveetil Gopalakrishnan
Published: November 2021

No prior comprehensive information on the reproductive biology and trophodynamics of Aluterus monoceros was globally available. The present study was performed on 1036 individuals landed along the western Bay of Bengal during 2017 to 2019. Length ranged between 25.3–64.4 cm in females (mean at 48.34 cm) and from 21.5–64.1 cm in males (mean at 47.83 cm). Growth was negatively allometric with no significant difference between sexes. Sex ratio (F:M) was 1.03 with variations based on sizes and months. Size at sexual maturity for females and males was 40.85 and 41.60 cm, respectively. The species spawned throughout the year with major and minor peaks during February to May and October and November. Absolute fecundity increased linearly with length and weight and ranged from 33,640 eggs to 12,39,202 eggs. Stomachs were empty or with trace amounts of food in 59.17%, part-full in 34.07% and full in 6.76% of the fishes. Stomach vacuity and fullness and predator–prey weight ratios varied with an increase in body size, implying higher feeding intensity in large-sized fishes. Feeding activity was more intense during June–August and less during the peak spawning months. The species is omnivorous and a bottom feeder. Teleosts contributed the most to the prey items (43.23% by Index of Preponderance) implying preference for carnivory. Ontogenetic shifts and seasonal variations in prey items were observed. The present study provides paramount information that can significantly contribute to the management and conservation of monacanthid stocks in northern Indian Ocean.
Government profiles as perceived by governments’ NPO partners in Chinese social service delivery
Authors: LI YANWEI , NI XIANLIN , WEI HAN
Published: November 2021

Social services in China nowadays are increasingly coproduced by both government and non-profit organizations (NPOs). However, we still know little about how NPOs perceive their government partners in social service delivery. Using a Q methodology, this study remedies this gap and identifies three profiles – namely, government as a distant facilitator, government as a hands-off collaborator, and government as a prudent principal. Also, it has been found that two conditions – namely, NPOs’ development stage and funding resources – influence their perceptions on government in social service delivery. These three profiles provide new insights into NPOs’ perceptions of their government partners in social service delivery, and they add new building blocks to existing literature, specifically on the government–NPO relationship in China.
Employer Responses to Legislation Protecting Non-Regular Workers: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: KO HYEJIN , WEAVER ANDREW
Published: November 2021

Many countries have taken steps to address employment insecurity by enacting employment protection legislation (EPL) for non-regular workers. Although the aggregate impacts of EPL reforms have been examined in the literature, less attention has been paid to the heterogeneous ways that different types of employers respond to these reforms. In this paper, we seek to shed additional light on the impact of non-regular workforce protections by investigating the response of establishments to legal changes in Korea in 2007. We employ a difference-in-difference framework to explore which establishment characteristics predict that employers will convert non-regular workers to regular status. Results indicate that, in the short term, the Korean labor reforms led to increased conversions of fixed-term workers to permanent status. Establishments that have shifted risk onto workers via the use of performance pay are more likely to extend permanent status to non-regular workers. However, establishments that provide favorable employment conditions were less likely to convert. Unions play a double-edged role. Unions in large establishments with a wide range of occupational categories are associated with relatively greater conversion of outsiders to regular status, while unions in smaller, more resource-constrained establishments with a narrower occupational focus are associated with more exclusionary behavior.
Comparing Government Social Welfare Service Acquisition Regimes: Marketisation and Bases for Competition in Canadian and English Homelessness
Authors: PUE KRISTEN
Published: November 2021

When governments acquire third-party social welfare services (SWS), they create institutions of acquisition. The rules and practices that governments adopt define who is able to participate, on what basis, and how prices are determined. This paper conceptualizes the institutions of SWS acquisition, their variations, and implications, in order to contribute to a deeper understanding of the link between contracting and nonprofit commercialisation. Institutions of SWS acquisition include rules of entry, participation, and assessment. Resulting acquisition regimes can be marketised to a greater or lesser extent, and this is influential through its effect on nonprofit competition. Drawing on interviews with public servants and nonprofit staff, the paper compares acquisition regimes for homelessness services in England, a regime that closely resembles a market, and Canada, a regime which is not marketised. In contrast to their non-marketised counterparts, this paper finds that marketised SWS acquisition regimes create incentives for participants to reduce prices by loss-leading or ratcheting down service quality.
Family as a Redistributive Principle of the Welfare State. The Case of Germany
Authors: FRERICKS PATRICIA , GURÍN MARTIN , HÖPPNER JULIA
Published: November 2021

Family is one of the major principles of welfare state redistribution. It has, however, rarely been at the centre of welfare state research. This contribution intends to help remedy the research gap in family-related redistribution. By examining the German welfare state which is known to be both redistributive and family-oriented, we want to answer the question of how and how far the German welfare state institutionalises family as a redistributive principle. Our case-study of German welfare state regulations in terms of family is based on the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD and its Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT). We differentiate 54 family forms to adequately reflect our three theoretical assumptions, which are: (1) redistributive logics differ across family forms, and in part markedly; (2) these differences are not the result of one coherent set of regulations, but of an interplay of partially contradictory regulations; (3) family as a redistributive principle manifests itself not only in terms of additional benefits to families, but also in terms of particular obligations of families to financially support family members before they are entitled to public support. These aspects have hardly been analysed before and combining them allows a clear evaluation of family-related redistribution.
The Problems with Troubled Families: Rethinking the Analysis Behind the 120,000 Troubled Families Statistic
Authors: Barnes Matt , Ross Andy
Published: November 2021

In the aftermath of the 2011 England riots, the then Prime Minister David Cameron referred to a ‘small number of families as the source of a large number of problems in society’ (Cameron, 2011). Soon after, the Troubled Families Programme was set up by the government to ‘turn around’ 120,000 troubled families. Despite government rhetoric focusing on ‘neighbours from hell’ (ibid.) the initial estimate of the number of troubled families did not include any indicators of problematic behaviours, such as crime or anti-social behaviour. Instead, a measure previously used by government to classify families with multiple social and economic disadvantages was used (Social Exclusion Task Force, 2007a). This article revisits the research behind the initial identification of the 120,000 troubled families and explores more widely the overlap between families with multiple social and economic disadvantage and their engagement in problematic behaviours. Our reanalysis of the original research data reveals that although families experiencing multiple social and economic disadvantage were at an increased risk of displaying problematic behaviour, only a small minority did so.
Scaling behaviour change for a 1.5 degree world: transformations and systems thinking
Authors: Leventon Julia
Published: November 2021

Newell et al. (2021) provide an insightful interdisciplinary approach to address scaling from individual behaviour change to systems change. I highlight two contributions that are added by expanding this work to engage with the transformations and sustainability science communities: (1) perspectives on the dynamic relationship between individual change and systems change; and (2) the role of systems thinking for navigating complexity and critiquing systems framings.
3D Active Source Seismic Imaging of the Alpine Fault Zone and the Whataroa Glacial Valley in New Zealand
Authors: Lay Vera , Buske Stefan , Townend John , Kellett Richard , Savage Martha , Schmitt Douglas R. , Constantinou Alexis , Eccles Jennifer D. , Gorman Andrew R. , Bertram Malcolm , Hall Kevin , Lawton Don , Kofman Randolph
Published: November 2021

The Alpine Fault zone in New Zealand marks a major transpressional plate boundary that is late in its typical earthquake cycle. Understanding the subsurface structures is crucial to understand the tectonic processes taking place. A unique seismic survey including 2D lines, a 3D array, and borehole recordings, has been performed in the Whataroa Valley and provides new insights into the Alpine Fault zone down to ∼2 km depth at the location of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP)‐2 drill site. Seismic images are obtained by focusing prestack depth migration approaches. Despite the challenging conditions for seismic imaging within a sediment filled glacial valley and steeply dipping valley flanks, several structures related to the valley itself as well as the tectonic fault system are imaged. A set of several reflectors dipping 40°–56° to the southeast are identified in a ∼600 m wide zone that is interpreted to be the minimum extent of the damage zone. Different approaches image one distinct reflector dipping at ∼40°, which is interpreted to be the main Alpine Fault reflector located only ∼100 m beneath the maximum drilled depth of the DFDP‐2B borehole. At shallower depths (z < 0.5 km), additional reflectors are identified as fault segments with generally steeper dips up to 56°. Additionally, a glacially over‐deepened trough with nearly horizontally layered sediments and a major fault (z < 0.5 km) are identified 0.5–1 km south of the DFDP‐2B borehole. Thus, a complex structural environment is seismically imaged and shows the complexity of the Alpine Fault at Whataroa.
Hemispheric Asymmetry in Future Wave Power Changes: Seasonality and Physical Mechanisms
Authors: Patra Anindita , Min Seung‐Ki , Son Seok‐Woo , Yeh Sang‐Wook
Published: November 2021

This study inspects the global changes in ocean wave power (WP) by the end of the 21st century, relative to the 1979–2005 period, focusing on seasonality and physical mechanisms. The multimodel ocean wave simulations from WAVEWATCH‐III, forced with surface winds simulated by seven different CMIP5 global climate models, are particularly examined. These models robustly show a hemispheric asymmetry in WP changes, that is, a decrease in the Northern Hemisphere but an increase in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere, with large seasonal and regional variations. Individual terms of differential WP, which include wave height and wave period changes, are analyzed to isolate the role of each process. Although wave height changes dominate the overall WP changes, wave period changes also play a comparable role in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics especially in the Indian Ocean sector during austral winter (12%). Wave period increase is strikingly higher in austral winter than summer, resembling swell height changes in the Southern Ocean. Intermodel correlation and composite analyses further indicate that the WP increase in the Southern Hemisphere is closely associated with positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM) trend. On the other hand, the WP decrease in the Northern Hemisphere is robustly related with weakened meridional surface temperature gradient during winter, a consequence of Arctic amplification. As a result, models with higher positive SAM trend and larger Arctic warming project stronger hemispheric asymmetries in WP changes.
Long non-coding RNA HOMER3-AS1 drives hepatocellular carcinoma progression via modulating the behaviors of both tumor cells and macrophages
Authors: Pu Jian , Li Wenchuan , Wang Anmin , Zhang Ya , Qin Zebang , Xu Zuoming , Wang Jianchu , Lu Yan , Tang Qianli , Wei Huamei
Published: November 2021

The crosstalk between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment plays critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediating the crosstalk might promote the development of new therapeutic strategies against HCC. Here, we identified a lncRNA, HOMER3-AS1, which is over-expressed in HCC and correlated with poor survival of HCC patients. HOMER3-AS1 promoted HCC cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, and reduced HCC cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, HOMER3-AS1 promoted macrophages recruitment and M2-like polarization. In vivo, HOMER3-AS1 significantly facilitated HCC progression. Mechanism investigations revealed that HOMER3-AS1 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling via upregulating HOMER3. Functional rescue experiments revealed that HOMER3/Wnt/β-catenin axis mediated the roles of HOMER3-AS1 in promoting HCC cellular malignant phenotypes. Furthermore, colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) was also identified as a critical downstream target of HOMER3-AS1. HOMER3-AS1 increased CSF-1 expression and secretion. Blocking CSF-1 reversed the roles of HOMER3-AS1 in inducing macrophages recruitment and M2 polarization. Furthermore, positive correlations between HOMER3-AS1 and HOMER3 expression, HOMER3-AS1 and CSF-1 expression, and HOMER3-AS1 expression and M2-like macrophages infiltration were found in human HCC tissues. In summary, our findings demonstrated that HOMER3-AS1 drives HCC progression via modulating the behaviors of both tumor cells and macrophages, which are dependent on the activation of HOMER3/Wnt/β-catenin axis and CSF-1, respectively. HOMER3-AS1 might be a promising prognostic and therapeutic target for HCC.
Nerve growth factor promotes lysyl oxidase-dependent chondrosarcoma cell metastasis by suppressing miR-149-5p synthesis
Authors: Tzeng Huey-En , Lin Syuan-Ling , Thadevoos Louis Anoop , Lien Ming-Yu , Yang Wei-Hung , Ko Chih-Yuan , Lin Chih-Yang , Huang Yu-Wen , Liu Ju-Fang , Fong Yi-Chin , Chen Hsien-Te , Tang Chih-Hsin
Published: November 2021

Chondrosarcoma is a malignancy of soft tissue and bone that has a high propensity to metastasize to distant organs. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is critical for neuronal cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation, and also appears to promote the progression and metastasis of several different types of tumors, although the effects of NGF upon chondrosarcoma mechanisms are not very clear. We report that NGF facilitates lysyl oxidase (LOX)-dependent cellular migration and invasion in human chondrosarcoma cells, and that NGF overexpression enhances lung metastasis in a mouse model of chondrosarcoma. NGF-induced stimulation of LOX production and cell motility occurs through the inhibition of miR-149-5p expression, which was reversed by PI3K, Akt, and mTOR inhibitors and their respective short interfering RNAs. Notably, levels of NGF and LOX expression correlated with tumor stage in human chondrosarcoma samples. Thus, NGF appears to be a worthwhile therapeutic target for metastatic chondrosarcoma.
Steering ecological-evolutionary dynamics to improve artificial selection of microbial communities
Authors: Xie Li , Shou Wenying
Published: November 2021

Microbial communities often perform important functions that depend on inter-species interactions. To improve community function via artificial selection, one can repeatedly grow many communities to allow mutations to arise, and “reproduce” the highest-functioning communities by partitioning each into multiple offspring communities for the next cycle. Since improvement is often unimpressive in experiments, we study how to design effective selection strategies in silico. Specifically, we simulate community selection to improve a function that requires two species. With a “community function landscape”, we visualize how community function depends on species and genotype compositions. Due to ecological interactions that promote species coexistence, the evolutionary trajectory of communities is restricted to a path on the landscape. This restriction can generate counter-intuitive evolutionary dynamics, prevent the attainment of maximal function, and importantly, hinder selection by trapping communities in locations of low community function heritability. We devise experimentally-implementable manipulations to shift the path to higher heritability, which speeds up community function improvement even when landscapes are high dimensional or unknown. Video walkthroughs:https://go.nature.com/3GWwS6j;https://online.kitp.ucsb.edu/online/ecoevo21/shou2/.
G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y10 facilitates chemokine-induced CD4 T cell migration through autocrine/paracrine mediators
Authors: Gurusamy Malarvizhi , Tischner Denise , Shao Jingchen , Klatt Stephan , Zukunft Sven , Bonnavion Remy , Günther Stefan , Siebenbrodt Kai , Kestner Roxane-Isabelle , Kuhlmann Tanja , Fleming Ingrid , Offermanns Stefan , Wettschureck Nina
Published: November 2021

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), especially chemokine receptors, play a central role in the regulation of T cell migration. Various GPCRs are upregulated in activated CD4 T cells, including P2Y10, a putative lysophospholipid receptor that is officially still considered an orphan GPCR, i.e., a receptor with unknown endogenous ligand. Here we show that in mice lacking P2Y10 in the CD4 T cell compartment, the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cutaneous contact hypersensitivity is reduced. P2Y10-deficient CD4 T cells show normal activation, proliferation and differentiation, but reduced chemokine-induced migration, polarization, and RhoA activation upon in vitro stimulation. Mechanistically, CD4 T cells release the putative P2Y10 ligands lysophosphatidylserine and ATP upon chemokine exposure, and these mediators induce P2Y10-dependent RhoA activation in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. ATP degradation impairs RhoA activation and migration in control CD4 T cells, but not in P2Y10-deficient CD4 T cells. Importantly, the P2Y10 pathway appears to be conserved in human T cells. Taken together, P2Y10 mediates RhoA activation in CD4 T cells in response to auto-/paracrine-acting mediators such as LysoPS and ATP, thereby facilitating chemokine-induced migration and, consecutively, T cell-mediated diseases.
Reversible and spatiotemporal control of colloidal structure formation
Authors: Dehne H. , Reitenbach A. , Bausch A. R.
Published: November 2021

Tuning colloidal structure formation is a powerful approach to building functional materials, as a wide range of optical and viscoelastic properties can be accessed by the choice of individual building blocks and their interactions. Precise control is achieved by DNA specificity, depletion forces, or geometric constraints and results in a variety of complex structures. Due to the lack of control and reversibility of the interactions, an autonomous oscillating system on a mesoscale without external driving was not feasible until now. Here, we show that tunable DNA reaction circuits controlling linker strand concentrations can drive the dynamic and fully reversible assembly of DNA-functionalized micron-sized particles. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by programming colloidal interactions in sequential and spatial order to obtain an oscillatory structure formation process on a mesoscopic scale. The experimental results represent an approach for the development of active materials by using DNA reaction networks to scale up the dynamic control of colloidal self-organization.
Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance during periodic disinfection
Authors: Nordholt Niclas , Kanaris Orestis , Schmidt Selina B. I. , Schreiber Frank
Published: November 2021

Biocides used as disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially during the current antibiotic resistance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations that can survive transient antibiotic treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Here, we show that E. coli displays persistence against a widely used disinfectant, benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Periodic, persister-mediated failure of disinfection rapidly selects for BAC tolerance, which is associated with reduced cell surface charge and mutations in the lpxM locus, encoding an enzyme for lipid A biosynthesis. Moreover, the fitness cost incurred by BAC tolerance turns into a fitness benefit in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a selective advantage of BAC-tolerant mutants in antibiotic environments. Our findings highlight the links between persistence to disinfectants and resistance evolution to antimicrobials.
Dopamine promotes aggression in mice via ventral tegmental area to lateral septum projections
Authors: Mahadevia Darshini , Saha Rinki , Manganaro Alessia , Chuhma Nao , Ziolkowski-Blake Annette , Morgan Ashlea A. , Dumitriu Dani , Rayport Stephen , Ansorge Mark S.
Published: November 2021

Septal-hypothalamic neuronal activity centrally mediates aggressive behavior and dopamine system hyperactivity is associated with elevated aggression. However, the causal role of dopamine in aggression and its target circuit mechanisms are largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we studied the modulatory role of the population- and projection-specific dopamine function in a murine model of aggressive behavior. We find that terminal activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons selectively projecting to the lateral septum (LS) is sufficient for promoting aggression and necessary for establishing baseline aggression. Within the LS, dopamine acts on D2-receptors to inhibit GABAergic neurons, and septal D2-signaling is necessary for VTA dopaminergic activity to promote aggression. Collectively, our data reveal a powerful modulatory influence of dopaminergic synaptic input on LS function and aggression, effectively linking the clinically pertinent hyper-dopaminergic model of aggression with the classic septal-hypothalamic aggression axis.
Functionally distinct roles for eEF2K in the control of ribosome availability and p-body abundance
Authors: Smith Patrick R. , Loerch Sarah , Kunder Nikesh , Stanowick Alexander D. , Lou Tzu-Fang , Campbell Zachary T.
Published: November 2021

Processing bodies (p-bodies) are a prototypical phase-separated RNA-containing granule. Their abundance is highly dynamic and has been linked to translation. Yet, the molecular mechanisms responsible for coordinate control of the two processes are unclear. Here, we uncover key roles for eEF2 kinase (eEF2K) in the control of ribosome availability and p-body abundance. eEF2K acts on a sole known substrate, eEF2, to inhibit translation. We find that the eEF2K agonist nelfinavir abolishes p-bodies in sensory neurons and impairs translation. To probe the latter, we used cryo-electron microscopy. Nelfinavir stabilizes vacant 80S ribosomes. They contain SERBP1 in place of mRNA and eEF2 in the acceptor site. Phosphorylated eEF2 associates with inactive ribosomes that resist splitting in vitro. Collectively, the data suggest that eEF2K defines a population of inactive ribosomes resistant to recycling and protected from degradation. Thus, eEF2K activity is central to both p-body abundance and ribosome availability in sensory neurons.
Comparison of different ROI analysis methods for liver lesion characterization with simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)
Authors: Mesropyan Narine , Mürtz Petra , Sprinkart Alois M. , Block Wolfgang , Luetkens Julian A. , Attenberger Ulrike , Pieper Claus C.
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the impact of different ROI placement and analysis methods on the diagnostic performance of simplified IVIM-DWI for differentiating liver lesions. 1.5/3.0-T DWI data from a respiratory-gated MRI sequence (b = 0, 50, 250, 800 s/mm2) were analyzed in patients with malignant (n = 74/54) and benign (n = 35/19) lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficient ADC = ADC(0,800) and IVIM parameters D1′ = ADC(50,800), D2′ = ADC(250,800), f1′ = f(0,50,800), f2′ = f(0,250,800), and D*' = D*(0,50,250,800) were calculated voxel-wise. For each lesion, a representative 2D-ROI, a 3D-ROI whole lesion, and a 3D-ROI from “good” slices were placed, including and excluding centrally deviating areas (CDA) if present, and analyzed with various histogram metrics. The diagnostic performance of 2D- and 3D-ROIs was not significantly different; e.g. AUC (ADC/D1′/f1′) were 0.958/0.902/0.622 for 2D- and 0.942/0.892/0.712 for whole lesion 3D-ROIs excluding CDA at 1.5 T (p > 0.05). For 2D- and 3D-ROIs, AUC (ADC/D1′/D2′) were significantly higher, when CDA were excluded. With CDA included, AUC (ADC/D1′/D2′/f1′/D*') improved when low percentiles were used instead of averages, and was then comparable to the results of average ROI analysis excluding CDA. For lesion differentiation the use of a representative 2D-ROI is sufficient. CDA should be excluded from ROIs by hand or automatically using low percentiles of diffusion coefficients.
Murine AML12 hepatocytes allow Salmonella Typhimurium T3SS1-independent invasion and intracellular fate
Authors: Holbert S. , Barilleau E. , Roche S. M. , Trotereau J. , Georgeault S. , Burlaud-Gaillard J. , Wiedemann A. , Méresse S. , Virlogeux-Payant I. , Velge P.
Published: November 2021

Numerous studies have demonstrated the key role of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS1) apparatus as well as its associated effectors in the invasion and intracellular fate of Salmonella in the host cell. Several T3SS1 effectors work together to control cytoskeleton networks and induce massive membrane ruffles, allowing pathogen internalization. Salmonella resides in a vacuole whose maturation requires that the activity of T3SS1 subverts early stages of cell signaling. Recently, we identified five cell lines in which Salmonella Typhimurium enters without using its three known invasion factors: T3SS1, Rck and PagN. The present study investigated the intracellular fate of Salmonella Typhimurium in one of these models, the murine hepatocyte cell line AML12. We demonstrated that both wild-type Salmonella and T3SS1-invalidated Salmonella followed a common pathway leading to the formation of a Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV) without classical recruitment of Rho-GTPases. Maturation of the SCV continued through an acidified phase that led to Salmonella multiplication as well as the formation of a tubular network resembling Salmonella induced filaments (SIF). The fact that in the murine AML12 hepatocyte, the T3SS1 mutant induced an intracellular fate resembling to the wild-type strain highlights the fact that Salmonella Typhimurium invasion and intracellular survival can be completely independent of T3SS1.
Correction: A novel microfluidic system for the sensitive and cost-effective detection of okadaic acid in mussels
Authors: Castanheira Ana , Barreiros dos Santos Marília , Rodriguez-Lorenzo Laura , Queirós Raquel , Espiña Begoña
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘A novel microfluidic system for the sensitive and cost-effective detection of okadaic acid in mussels’ by Ana Castanheira et al., Analyst, 2021, 146, 2638–2645, DOI: 10.1039/D0AN02092C.
Metal-organic gel as a fluorescence sensing platform to trace copper(ii)
Authors: Qi Hao , Zhang Tianli , Jing Chuang , Zhang Zhen , Chen Yujie , Chen Yali , Deng Qiliang , Wang Shuo
Published: November 2021

A novel metal-organic gel was prepared and utilized as a fluorescence sensing platform for trace copper(ii)
Insights into the mechanism and regioselectivity in Ni-catalysed redox-relay migratory hydroarylation of alkenes with arylborons
Authors: Cheng Qi , Liu Wenjing , Dang Yanfeng
Published: November 2021

Mechanistic studies unveil that Ni-catalysed redox-relay hydroarylation of alkenes occurs via concerted hydronickelation, iterative β-H elimination/migratory insertion and C–C reductive elimination to yield the final α-substituted product.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of 1,4-diketones: facile synthesis of enantiopure 1,4-diarylbutane-1,4-diols
Authors: Song Jingyuan , Shao Pan-Lin , Wang Jiang , Huang Fanping , Zhang Xumu
Published: November 2021

Presented herein is anIr/f-amphox-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation for accessing enantiopure 1,4-diarylbutane-1,4-diolsin superb yields with exceptional stereoselectivities.
Mapping the elemental and crystalline phase distribution in Cu2+ doped 45S5 bioactive glass upon crystallization
Authors: Nawaz Qaisar , de Pablos-Martín Araceli , Berthold Lutz , Martins de Souza e Silva Juliana , Hurle Katrin , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: November 2021

Nano-CT and TEM imaging characterisation of Cu-doped 45S5 glass-ceramics. The grain size and content of Cu-riched glassy phase, which affect bioactive and mechanical responses, can be tuned by heat treatment.
Graphene quantum dots obstruct the membrane axis of Alzheimer's amyloid beta
Authors: Tang Huayuan , Li Yuhuan , Kakinen Aleksandr , Andrikopoulos Nicholas , Sun Yunxiang , Kwak Eunbi , Davis Thomas P. , Ding Feng , Ke Pu Chun
Published: November 2021

Graphene quantum dots bind with Aβ, thereby blocking the membrane axis of the peptide and averting downstream pathogenic effects.
Self-assembly patterns of non-metalloid silver thiolates: structural, HR-ESI-MS and stability studies
Authors: Chupina Anastasia V. , Yanshole Vadim V. , Sulyaeva Veronica S. , Kokovkin Vasily V. , Abramov Pavel A. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: November 2021

The spontaneous formation of nanosized silver/thiolate complexes with torus-like {Ag20(StBu)10} cores has been observed in DMF, DMSO and NMP solutions containing AgNO3 and AgStBu.
Mechanochemical synthesis of mechanical bonds in M12L8 poly-[n]-catenanes
Authors: Martí-Rujas Javier , Elli Stefano , Sacchetti Alessandro , Castiglione Franca
Published: November 2021

Using mechanochemistry by grinding TPB and ZnBr2, an amorphous poly-[n]-catenane of interlocked M12L8 nanocages is obtained in good yields (∼80%) and within 15 minutes.
Magnetic behavior of the novel pentagonal-bipyramidal erbium(iii) complex (Et3NH)[Er(H2DAPS)Cl2]: high-frequency EPR study and crystal-field analysis
Authors: Spillecke Lena , Koo Changhyun , Maximova Olga , Mironov Vladimir S. , Kopotkov Vycheslav A. , Korchagin Denis V. , Vasiliev Alexander N. , Yagubskii Eduard B. , Klingeler Rüdiger
Published: November 2021

We precisely quantified the zero field splittings of the lowest Kramers doublets for a novel Er(iii) mononuclear complex by HF-EPR.
Growth modulation of atomic layer deposition of HfO2 by combinations of H2O and O3 reactants
Authors: Ko Byeong Guk , Nguyen Chi Thang , Gu Bonwook , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Park Kunwoo , Oh Hongjun , Park Jungwon , Shong Bonggeun , Lee Han-Bo-Ram
Published: November 2021

Two counter reactants, H2O and O3, were individually employed, as well as in combination with consecutive exposure by H2O–O3 and O3–H2O. The film growth behaviors and properties differed when the sequence of exposure of the substrate to the reactants was varied.
NH bond activation of ammonia and amines by ditetrelenes: key insights into the stereochemistry of nucleophilic addition
Authors: McOnie Sarah L. , Özpınar Gül Altınbaş , Bourque Jeremy L. , Müller Thomas , Baines Kim M.
Published: November 2021

The NH activation of ammonia by tetramesityldisilene takes place in three steps: formation of the anti-ammonia-disilene adduct, inversion at the β-silicon, and intramolecular syn-transfer of the proton to give the syn-product.
Fabry–Perot interferometric calibration of van der Waals material-based nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Callera Aguila Myrron Albert , Esmenda Joshoua Condicion , Wang Jyh-Yang , Lee Teik-Hui , Yang Chi-Yuan , Lin Kung-Hsuan , Chang-Liao Kuei-Shu , Kafanov Sergey , Pashkin Yuri A. , Chen Chii-Dong
Published: November 2021

Multilayer interference approach is applied to confocal microscopy images of an electromotive-driven van der Waals material nanomechanical resonator to extract its thickness, gap height, and motional amplitude in the frequency and spatial domains.
ESIPT silent and mitochondrial-targeted rapid response for SO2 regulated by pyridinium and its real-time detection in living cells
Authors: Yang Jialu , Huo Fangjun , Yue Yongkang , Zhang Yongbin , Yin Caixia
Published: November 2021

ESIPT has been widely used in fluorescence recognition because of its advantages such as large Stokes shift.
Two-pot synthesis and photophysical studies of 1,6-disubstituted 5-aza-indoles from succinaldehyde and N-aryl propargylic-imines
Authors: Vanaparthi Satheeshvarma , Mamta  , Yadav Jyothi , Pawar Amol Prakash , Iype Eldhose , Rana Sravendra , Kumar Indresh
Published: November 2021

A straightforward two-pot method is developed to prepare a series of 2-alkynyl-pyrrole-3-aldehydes, initially from succinaldehyde and N-aryl propargylic-imines, followed by Ag-catalyzed 6-endo-dig-cyclization to obtain 1,6-disubstituted 5-aza-indoles in good yields.
A straightforward synthesis of functionalized 6H-benzo[c]chromenes from 3-alkenyl chromenes by intermolecular Diels–Alder/aromatization sequence
Authors: Ballarotto Marco , Solinas Mario , Temperini Andrea
Published: November 2021

A new and metal-free approach to the synthesis of substituted 6H-benzo[c]chromenes has been developed.
Phosphorylation of arenes, heteroarenes, alkenes, carbonyls and imines by dehydrogenative cross-coupling of P(O)–H and P(R)–H
Authors: Hore Soumyadip , Singh Ravi P.
Published: November 2021

This review offers an ample opportunity to take a journey through recent advancements in C–P bond formation reactions, along with their mechanistic pathways.