bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multislice computed tomography urography in the diagnosis of urinary tract diseases
Authors: Nikolic Olivera , Stojanovic Sanja , Till Viktor , Basta-Nikolic Marijana , Petrovic Kosta , Vucaj-Cirilovic Viktorija
Published: May 2011

Background/Aim. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has triggered
considerable changes in uroradiological imaging. The aim of this study was to
establish the place of MSCT urography (MSCTU) in comparison with intravenous
urography (IVU) and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of MSCT in
the evaluation of urothelial abnormalities. Methods. This prospective study
included 120 patients with a high clinical suspicion of urinary tract
diseases divided into two groups. The group I consisted of 60 patients with
macroscopic hematuria, bladder carcinoma and malignant pelvic tumors after
radiotherapy or operation. They underwent both IVU and MSCTU. The group II
included 60 patients (? 40 years old) with retroperitoneal and malignant
pelvic tumors, complicated pyelonephritis, microscopic hematuria, acute
urinary tract obstruction (without visible calculi on unenhanced scans), and
they were submitted to computed tomography with additional scan phase
enabling MSCTU. Results. Compared with IVU, MSCTU is more sensitive for the
detection of urinary tract diseases (parenchymal changes, renal tumors,
urolithiasis, fibrosis) and extraurinary processes. MSCTU is more specific
than IVU for renal parenchymal abnormalities, tumors of the excretory system,
urolithiasis, bladder tumors, fibrosis and extraurinary diseases. MSCTU is
equally sensitive, but more specific for hydronephrosis compared to MSCT. The
diagnosis made by the use of MSCTU in patients with macroscopic and
microscopic hematuria and with obstruction not caused by stones, perfectly
comply with operative findings and histological diagnosis. Conclusion. The
obtained results support MSCTU to be the modality of choice in the diagnostic
algorithm of patients with macroscopic hematuria and in the evaluation of
microscopic hematuria and unexplained obstruction of the urinary tract. The
only remaining role for IVU in our institution is imaging of the upper
urinary tract in patients with hematuria under the age of 40.
Color doppler ultrasonography and multislice computer tomography angiography in carotid plaque detection and characterization
Authors: Vucaj-Cirilovic Viktorija , Lucic Milos , Petrovic Kosta , Nikolic Olivera , Govorcin Mira , Stojanovic Sanja
Published: May 2011

Beckground/Aim. Cerebrovascular diseases are the third leading cause of
mortality in the world, following malignant and cardiovascular diseases.
Therefore, their timely and precise diagnostics is of great importance. The
aim of this study was to compare duplex scan Color Doppler ultrasonography
(CDU) with multislice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) in detection of
morphological and functional disorders at extracranial level of carotid
arteries. Methods. The study included 75 patients with 150 carotid arteries
examined in the period from January 2008 to April 2009. The patients were
firstly examined by CDU, then MSCTA, followed by the surgery of extracranial
segment of carotid arteries. In 10 patients, the obtained material was
referred for histopathological (HP) examination. We used both CDU and MSCT in
the analysis of: plaque surface, plaque structure, degree of stenosis, and
the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage. Results. The results obtained by CDU
and MSCTA were first compared between themselves, and then to intraoperative
findings. Retrospective analysis showed that MSCTA is more sensitive than CDU
in assessment of plaque surface (for smooth plaques CDU 89% : MSCTA 97%; for
plaques with irregular surface CDU 75% : MSCTA 87%; for ulcerations CDU 54% :
MSCTA 87%). Regarding determination of plaque structure (mixed plaque CDU 66%
: MSCTA 70%; correlation with HP findings CDU 94% : MSCTA 96%) and
localization (CDU 63% : MSCTA 65%), and in terms of sensitivity and
specificity, both methods showed almost the same results. Also, there is no
statistical difference between these two methods for the degree of stenosis
(CDU 96% : MSCTA 98%). Conclusion. Atherosclerotic disease of extracranial
part of carotid arteries primarily affects population of middle-aged and
elderly, showing more associated risk factors. Sensitivity and specificity of
CDU and MSCTA regarding plaque composition, the degree of stenosis and plaque
localization are almost the same. These results and the fact that there are
no adverse effects (high radiation dose) compared to MSCTA indicate that CDU
should be the initial method in diagnostic algorythm for carotid arteries.
A revised modified Bentall's procedure using aorto-prosthetic hemostatic suture
Authors: Rosic Milenko , Ilic Lenka , Jonjev Zivojin
Published: May 2011

nema
Localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices
Authors: Franzosi Roberto , Giampaolo Salvatore , Illuminati Fabrizio , Livi Roberto , Oppo Gian-Luca , Politi Antonio
Published: May 2011

The dynamics of repulsive bosons condensed in an optical lattice is effectively described by the Bose-Hubbard model. The classical limit of this model, reproduces the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates, in a periodic potential, and in the superfluid regime. Such dynamics is governed by a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Several papers, addressing the study of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger dynamics, have predicted the spontaneous generation of (classical) breathers in coupled condensates. In the present contribute, we shall focus on localized solutions (quantum breathers) of the full Bose-Hubbard model. We will show that solutions exponentially localized in space and periodic in time exist also in absence of randomness. Thus, this kind of states, reproduce a novel quantum localization phenomenon due to the interplay between bounded energy spectrum and non-linearity.
Indapamide-induced hyponatremia or the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: a case report
Authors: Romaszko Jerzy , Targonski Ryszard , Cichowski Leszek , Sadowski Janusz
Published: May 2011

We report a case of an apparently well-documented indapamide-induced hyponatremia. The initial diagnosis was made on the basis of dechallenge and rechallenge performed on two occasions. Further course of the disease, which proved inconsistent with our expectations, prompted us to look for another aetiology leading to the final diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) complicated by indapamide treatment.
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum, Pneumopericardium and Pneumorrhachis as potential complications of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in healthy children
Authors: Pierri Filomena , Chiaretti Antonio , Barone Giuseppe , Rigante Donato , Valentini Piero , Fantacci Claudia , Buonsenso Danilo , Riccardi Riccardo
Published: May 2011

We report on two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium, in one case associated with pneumorrhachis, occurring in two children suffering from the novel influenza H1N1 virus infection. At the admission both children presented with fever, violent dry cough, dyspnea and tachypnea. Radiological studies showed sizeable pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in both patients. One of the patients also a pneumorrachis. Children were initially treated by intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics, antipyretics and a cough sedative. Oral Oseltamivir (60 mg twice daily for 5 days) was administered after the diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Patients’ clinical condition quickly improved and children were discharged with a partial resolution of their radiological findings. Although these conditions are usually self-limiting and without respiratory or systemic consequences, their prompt recognition in children with H1N1 influenza virus infection is essential to establish fast and adequate therapy mainly related to the control of cough and the commencement of antiviral treatment.
HLA-Cw and TCR vβ analysis in twenty Mexican patients with psoriasis
Authors: Santos Leticia , León-Galvan Ma , Fuentes-Ahumada Cornelia , Marino-Marmolejo Erika , León-Rodríguez Antonio , Rosa Ana , Ceballos-Salazar Rebeca , Torres-Alvarez Bertha , Moncada-González Benjamín
Published: May 2011

Genetic background and T-cell expansion have been confirmed as the most important factors leading to psoriasis susceptibility in the Caucasian population. This study was performed to identify the T-cell receptor Vβ repertoire and HLA-Cw genotype in twenty Mexicans of two different ethnicities with severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis. HLA-Cw typing was performed to detect the allele pattern by SSP-PCR. In parallel, RT-PCR and Western blot were used for the identification of the TCR Vβ expression in peripheral blood cells. We identified a variety of HLA-Cw alleles in this group of patients distinct from the widely known HLA-Cw 0602 Caucasian allele. Moreover, TCR Vβ-2 and Vβ-7 clone-type frequencies were different and statistically significant (P = 0.0280). We speculate that because of diverse genetic backgrounds, the susceptibility to disease and activation of T-cells for a proper immune response could be specific; therefore, the findings might contribute to the elucidation of the pathogenesis in psoriatic Mexican patients.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium-associated encephalitis and concurrent cerebellitis
Authors: Kang Kyusik , Yoon Sung-Soo , Yoon Byung-Woo
Published: May 2011

Enterococci are uncommon etiologic agents of central nervous system infections. We describe a case of nosocomial encephalitis and concurrent cerebellitis associated with Enterococcus faecium in a man, with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, who underwent high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Brain magnetic resonance images showed lesions in the bihemispheral cerebellar cortex with swelling and several small lesions in both cerebral hemispheres. The blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were positive for vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium can cause encephalitis and concurrent cerebellitis in an immunocompromised patient who underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
The Level of Dogmatism in Schizophrenia. A Comparative Analysis of Utterance Texts with the Use of the Suitbert Ertel Dogmatism Quotient
Authors: Obrębska Monika , Nowak Sandra
Published: May 2011

The Level of Dogmatism in Schizophrenia. A Comparative Analysis of Utterance Texts with the Use of the Suitbert Ertel Dogmatism Quotient

The paper describes the results of comparative research on the level of dogmatism in the utterance texts of patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (N=130) and healthy individuals (N=130). The analysis was conducted with the use of the Suitbert Ertel Dogmatism Quotient. The results indicate significant differences between these two groups.
Short communications. Book review: Jenny Reeves & Alison Fox (Eds.), Practice-Based Learning: Developing Excellence in Teaching. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press 2008, 87 pp
Authors: Karimnia Amin
Published: May 2011

Short communications. Book review: Jenny Reeves & Alison Fox (Eds.), Practice-Based Learning: Developing Excellence in Teaching. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press 2008, 87 pp
Activities of Physical Education Teachers in the Process of Forming Motor Skills of the Students
Authors: Gałecki Janusz , Zaradkiewicz Tadeusz , Kurpeta Lech , Bergier Barbara
Published: May 2011

Activities of Physical Education Teachers in the Process of Forming Motor Skills of the Students

Introduction.
The aim of this study was to assess the motivating and informing activities taken by physical education teachers in the classes devoted to shaping students' motor skills.
Material and methods.
The study was carried out in 55 secondary schools from Lublin region. It covered 30 female teachers and 52 male teachers representing all levels of career advancement. Material was collected on the basis of specially developed lesson observation sheet. On this basis, the information of 315 lessons was obtained.
Results.
The data were analyzed in relation to gender and professional promotion of the subjects. It was found that the respondents did better with informing than motivating activities, and in their implementation there were no major differences between female and male teachers. The tendency to change the level of the analyzed activities according to the professional promotion status occurred only among male teachers.
Conclusions.
Analysis showed that the teachers should place more emphasis on motivating activities, and especially on convincing students about the possibilities in the use of after-school activity of what they mastered in the classroom.
The Importance of Parents' Education in the Morphofunctional Development of Adolescent Boys from the Lublin Region
Authors: Popławska Helena , Dmitruk Agnieszka , Hołub Wojciech
Published: May 2011

The Importance of Parents' Education in the Morphofunctional Development of Adolescent Boys from the Lublin Region

Introduction
. Given the unfavorable economic conditions prevailing in Poland at the turn of the century (system transformation), it seemed advisable to investigate whether parents' education, generally associated positively with the economic situation of the family, still plays an important role in somatic and motor development of their children.
Material and methods.
The study involved 715 boys, aged 10, 14 and 18, born in the years 1988-1996 and coming from one of the least economically developed region of the country (Lubelskie Vivodeship). Because of parents' education, respondents were divided into two groups: born in families with higher (A) and lower (B) education. Somatic development was assessed based on measurements of height, weight and BMI, and physical fitness on the basis of Eurofit test. Arithmetic means of the somatic and fitness features was normalized according to the arithmetic means and SD of the whole material.
Results
. Group A was characterized by higher values of the somatic parameters and lower values of motor parameters as compared to group B. Standardization of the results showed that the larger deviation from the average value for the whole material in most somatic and certain fitness features occurred in group B.
Conclusions
. Despite the unfavorable economic conditions, in which surveyed boys were born and grew up, there was a positive relationship between education of parents and somatic development. This dependency was not observed in the case study of the impact of education of parents on the physical fitness of boys.
The Signs of Self-Reflection in Building Character Among First-Year Physical Education Students
Authors: Brojek Anna
Published: May 2011

The Signs of Self-Reflection in Building Character Among First-Year Physical Education Students

Introduction
. The concept of self-upbringing is identified with self-activity, building and shaping one's character, selfimprovement and self-realization. The aim of the research was to define the degree of self-upbringing of first year physical education students taking into consideration self-reflection on their behaviour.
Material and methods
. The method applied in the research was the diagnostic survey and the accompanying research technique was a questionnaire called ‘The questionnaire of self-upbringing activity’ designed by Tatarowicz. The survey was conducted in Academic Year 2008/2009 among 667 respondents in the eight state and non-state Polish universities.
Results
. The results show that students (57%) tend to do self-reflection. The major reasons for this were failures in life and behaviour against prevailing norms. The majority of questioned (72.0%) showed a high degree of complacency that was due to self-acceptance and the state of feeling good in the accepted community. The participants who declared a lower degree of complacency claimed that it was due to different kinds of failures, a sense of having many faults and the awareness of making mistakes. On the hole, the participants did not feel different or distinct in regard to other people - more than 70.0%. Those that have such a feeling claim that the differences concern mainly the look and the way of behaving.
Conclusions
. An important role in searching the specific ways of coping with negative sides of life plays constant education and the state of self-upbringing which influences the awareness and the development of an individual.
Endoscopic transnasal repair of CSF rhinorrhea: Techniques and out come
Authors: Chowdhury Forhad Hossain , Haque Md Rasiul , Islam Md Shafiqul , Kawsar Khandkar Ali , Sarkar Mainul Haque
Published: May 2011

Background: Endoscopic transnasal repair of CSF (Cerebro Spinal Fluid) fistula is safe, effective and widely accepted minimally invasive procedure. We describe our experience of techniques and result of endonasal CSF fistula repair along with its safety and effectiveness as well as low complications. Method: All patients who underwent endonasal CSF fistula repair from July ’07 to September ’09 in the department of Neurosurgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital & Islami Bank Central Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were prospectively analyzed. Patients were followed up for average period of 10.2 months (Range: 3 to 30 months). Results: The age range was 12 years to 55 years; male -female ratio was 5:8. Clinical features were single nose rhinorrhea, double nose rhinorrhea, anosmia, history of trauma, history of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, recurrent meningitis, aspiration pneumonia and insomnia, obesity and skeletal dysplasia. Etiology of CSF Fistula were idiopathic-06, congenital hydrocephalus-01, post head injury (traumatic)-05 and post surgical-01case. Anatomical sites of fistula that we found in our series were cribriform plate-06, posterior ethmoidal-04, planum sphenoidalae-02 and sellar-01. Post operatively, 2 patients complained of foul smelling within nose and 1 case had persistent CSF rhinorrhoea, where we over looked a frontal sinus fistula and was closed transcranially later on. There was partial nasal obstruction in 01 case that resolved after a year. New anosmia developed in 01 case after operation. Mortality was nil. Out of 13 transnasal endoscopic repair of CSF fistula 12 cured and 01 persisted (that was retreated by transcranial approach) Conclusion: Endoscopic transnasal CSF fistula repair is associated high success rate of fistula closure along with very few complications; at the same time it is minimally invasive, less traumatic and patient-friendly. So it is our notion that it should be the preferred approach to CSF fistula due to defect in anterior skull base and sellar floor. Key Words: Endoscopic Transnasal; CSF fistula; CSF rhinorrhea. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7618 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 14-20
Thyroglossal cysts and fistulae
Authors: Kafi Md Abdullah Hel , Alam MS Khurshid , Bhuyan Md Arif Hossain , Abdullah Md Hamid Ibne , Ali Syed Awsaf , Bhuiyan Md Jahangir Hossain
Published: May 2011

Objective: This study aimed to observe the different diagnostic approaches and differential diagnosis of 20 cases of thyroglossal cysts and fistulas managed surgically. Methods: The medical records of patients treated for thyroglossal cysts in the department of Ear, Nose, Throat Surgery at regional hospital of CMH Dhaka, Comilla, Rangpur and Ibn Sina Medical College and Hospital Dhaka, from 2002 to 2009 were reviewed. History and examination reports were studied. Their medical records were reviewed for clinical presentations, investigations, operative findings, histopathology and treatment outcome. After a clinical diagnosis, they had individualized investigations (USG, MRI, radio iodine scan, FNAC etc) prior to the Sistrunk’s operation. This was a retrospective study. Results: In this study the site of presentation of thyroglossal duct cysts were 15% suprahyoid, 80% thyrohyoid and 5% supra sternal. Present study revealed that 95% swelling were in the midline. 50% of the study cases of swellings were 1-2 cm, 60% swellings were soft and cystic moved with swallowing, 30% were firm but mobile. Skin was free in 80% cases and 20% had sinuses. 60% cysts contained fibrous tissue and 30% cysts contained thyroid tissue. At an average follow up of 2 years, all are asymptomatic and well. Conclusion: Although the clinical and histological presentations of these 20 cases are not rare, they do illustrate how varied thyroglossal cyst can be with respect to patient age, anatomic site or associated sign and symptoms. Key Words: Thyroglossal cyst; Sistrunk’s operation. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7629 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 53-58
A rare variant of first branchial cleft fistula
Authors: Ekramuddaula AFM , Rifat Hasan Zafar , Shaheen Mazharul , Sattar Mohammad Abdus , Ali Mohammad Idrish
Published: May 2011

Objective: To report an extremely rare variant of first branchial cleft anomaly.Case report: A-13-year old boy presented with the chief complaint of persistent right aural discharge since infancy. On examination, a 1 mm fistulous opening was present in the floor of cartilaginous portion of external auditory canal. And scanty watery discharge came out through this opening when the patient asked to swallow. Sinogram through discharging meatal opening showed a thick irregular tract about 5 cm length traversing the soft tissue of neck extending from the floor of right external auditory canal to the lateral pharyngeal wall and spillage of contrast into the oral cavity.Conclusion: This was an extremely rare variant of first branchial cleft fistula. Due to the rarity of this disease, clinical misdiagnoses and inappropriate management may lead to recurrence and complications. For better prognosis, appropriate diagnosis and surgical planning are very important. Key words:  Objective: To report an extremely rare variant of first branchial cleft anomaly. Case report: A-13-year old boy presented with the chief complaint of persistent right aural discharge since infancy. On examination, a 1 mm fistulous opening was present in the floor of cartilaginous portion of external auditory canal. And scanty watery discharge came out through this opening when the patient asked to swallow. Sinogram through discharging meatal opening showed a thick irregular tract about 5 cm length traversing the soft tissue of neck extending from the floor of right external auditory canal to the lateral pharyngeal wall and spillage of contrast into the oral cavity. Conclusion: This was an extremely rare variant of first branchial cleft fistula. Due to the rarity of this disease, clinical misdiagnoses and inappropriate management may lead to recurrence and complications. For better prognosis, appropriate diagnosis and surgical planning are very important. Key words: First branchial anomaly; branchial cleft fistula; branchial cyst; fistulography. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7633 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 72-75. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7633 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 72-75
Abnormalities of Thymic Stroma may Contribute to Immune Dysregulation in Murine Models of Leaky Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Rucci Francesca , Poliani Pietro Luigi , Caraffi Stefano , Paganini Tiziana , Fontana Elena , Giliani Silvia , Alt Frederick W. , Notarangelo Luigi Daniele
Published: May 2011

Lymphostromal cross-talk in the thymus is essential to allow generation of a diversified repertoire of T lymphocytes and to prevent autoimmunity by self-reactive T cells. Hypomorphic mutations in genes that control T cell development have been associated with immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation both in humans and in mice. We have studied T cell development and thymic stroma architecture and maturation in two mouse models of leaky severe combined immune deficiency, carrying hypomorphic mutations in rag1 and lig4 genes. Defective T cell development was associated with abnormalities of thymic architecture that predominantly affect the thymic medulla, with reduction of the pool of mature medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). While the ability of mTECs to express autoimmune regulator (Aire) is preserved in mutant mice, the frequency of mature mTECs expressing Aire and tissue-specific antigens is severely reduced. Similarly, the ability of CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Foxp3+ natural regulatory T cells is preserved in rag1 and lig4 mutant mice, but their number is greatly reduced. These data indicate that hypomorphic defects in T cell development may cause defective lymphostromal cross-talk and impinge on thymic stromal cells maturation, and thus favor immune dysregulation.
Magnetic Nanoparticles Embedded in a Silicon Matrix
Authors: Granitzer Petra , Rumpf Klemens
Published: May 2011

This paper represents a short overview of nanocomposites consisting of magnetic nanoparticles incorporated into the pores of a porous silicon matrix by two different methods. On the one hand, nickel is electrochemically deposited whereas the nanoparticles are precipitated on the pore walls. The size of these particles is between 2 and 6 nm. These particles cover the pore walls and form a tube-like arrangement. On the other hand, rather well monodispersed iron oxide nanoparticles, of 5 and 8 nm respectively, are infiltrated into the pores. From their size the particles would be superparamagnetic if isolated but due to magnetic interactions between them, ordering of magnetic moments occurs below a blocking temperature and thus the composite system displays a ferromagnetic behavior. This transition temperature of the nanocomposite can be varied by changing the filling factor of the particles within the pores. Thus samples with magnetic properties which are variable in a broad range can be achieved, which renders this composite system interesting not only for basic research but also for applications, especially because of the silicon base material which makes it possible for today’s process technology.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Constituents from Wisteria sinensis
Authors: Mohamed Mona A. , Hamed Manal M. , Abdou Allia M. , Ahmed Wafaa S. , Saad Amal M.
Published: May 2011

Chromatographic separation of an aqueous MeOH extract of Wisteria sinensis leaves has yielded six known flavonoids, two triterpene aglycones and the new acylated flavone glycoside chrysoeriol-7-O-[2''-O-(5'''-O-caffeoyl)-β-D-apiofuranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1). All metabolites were isolated for the first time from the genus Wisteria. Their structures were established on the basis of their chromatographic properties, chemical and physicochemical methods including acid hydrolysis analysis, spectroscopic (UV, 1H- and 13C-NMR) data and confirmed by ESI-MS analysis, as well as two-dimensional NMR (1H-1HCOSY, HMQC and HMBC). Biological studies of the defatted aqueous 80% methanol leaf extract and the major isolates 1, 6 and 7 were undertaken and they are reported herein for the first time to have significant cytotoxic activity against the Hep-G2 tumor cell line in addition to antioxidant activity.
The Effects of Co-Treatment of 9-cis-Retinoic Acid and 15-Deoxy-Δ (12,14)-prostaglandin J2 on Microglial Activation
Authors: Hsu Pei-Chien , Tsay Huey-Jen , Montine Thomas J. , Shie Feng-Shiun
Published: May 2011

Microglial activation plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal function and contributes to the development of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Activation of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) by an endogenous agonist, 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), has been shown to be beneficial in many diseases with aberrant immune responses. Here, we report that co-treatment with 15d-PGJ2 and its synergistic partner, 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA), may modulate, but not abolish, microglial immune response activated by β-amyloid (Aβ) and interferon gamma (IFNγ). The co-treatment of RA and 15d-PGJ2 inhibited Aβ/IFNγ-activated immune response in primary microglia, as evidenced by suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); and the effect was not affected by treatment with a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. Data suggest that PPARγ activation may not contribute to the anti-inflammatory properties of the co-treatment. The co-treatment promoted microglial Aβ clearance in cultures; and the effect can be prevented by blocking PPARγ activation using GW9662. The effects of the co-treatment on Aβ clearance may be PPARγ-dependent. Intriguingly, secretion of microglial pro-nerve growth factor (pro-NGF) was inhibited by Aβ/IFNg treatment in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that secretion of microglial pro-NGF may not contribute to the Ab/IFNg-activated microglial immune response. Taken together, the co-treatment may be beneficial for AD therapy; however, our data suggest that multiple mechanisms may underlie the beneficial effects of the co-treatment and are not limited to PPARγ activation only.
Protein Traffic Is an Intracellular Target in Alcohol Toxicity
Authors: Esteban-Pretel Guillermo , Marín María Pilar , Romero Ana M. , Ponsoda Xavier , Ballestin Raul , Canales Juan J. , Renau-Piqueras Jaime
Published: May 2011

Eukaryotic cells comprise a set of organelles, surrounded by membranes with a unique composition, which is maintained by a complex synthesis and transport system. Cells also synthesize the proteins destined for secretion. Together, these processes are known as the secretory pathway or exocytosis. In addition, many molecules can be internalized by cells through a process called endocytosis. Chronic and acute alcohol (ethanol) exposure alters the secretion of different essential products, such as hormones, neurotransmitters and others in a variety of cells, including central nervous system cells. This effect could be due to a range of mechanisms, including alcohol-induced alterations in the different steps involved in intracellular transport, such as glycosylation and vesicular transport along cytoskeleton elements. Moreover, alcohol consumption during pregnancy disrupts developmental processes in the central nervous system. No single mechanism has proved sufficient to account for these effects, and multiple factors are likely involved. One such mechanism indicates that ethanol also perturbs protein trafficking. The purpose of this review is to summarize our understanding of how ethanol exposure alters the trafficking of proteins in different cell systems, especially in central nervous system cells (neurons and astrocytes) in adult and developing brains.
Gold-catalyzed heterocyclizations in alkynyl- and allenyl-β-lactams
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro
Published: May 2011

New gold-catalyzed methods using the β-lactam scaffold have been recently developed for the synthesis of different sized heterocycles. This overview focuses on heterocyclization reactions of allenic and alkynic β-lactams which rely on the activation of the allene and alkyne component. The mechanism as well as the regio- and stereoselectivity of the cyclizations are also discussed.
RNA Interference and Its Potential Applications to Chronic HBV Treatment: Results of a Phase I Safety and Tolerability Study
Authors: Gish Robert G , Satishchandran C , Young Michael , Pachuk Catherine
Published: May 2011

Background

RNA interference (RNAi) provides an attractive tool to modulate biological systems, and ultimately, to treat human diseases. We describe early results from a Phase Ib, first-in-human safety and tolerability study of an RNAi-based therapy, NUC B1000, among patients with mild to moderate chronic HBV.

Methods

Three subjects received a single 5 mg DNA dose of NUC B1000 as part of a planned dose escalation study.

Results

All participants reported pharyngitis, chills, myalgia and fever approximately 4–7 h after dosing. All subjects were asymptomatic after a single antipyretic dose with no symptom recurrences. Measurements of interferon (IFN)-α and -γ, interleukin (IL)-10, 12 18, 8 and 6, and tumour necrosis factor-α performed before and after dosing revealed cytokine increases before study drug administration. After drug administration, IFN-γ and IL-10 increased in two patients; IL-8 increased in one. Most increases returned to pretreatment levels within 1 week. Two patients were subsequently successfully treated with entecavir indicating that NUC B1000 does not compromise subsequent antiviral therapy.

Conclusions

Thus far, NUC B1000 appears safe and well-tolerated; safety and efficacy studies across a larger, more diverse patient spectrum using increasing doses are needed to determine its appropriate role in the antiviral armamentarium.
Consommation et privation au sein des classes moyennes au Canada et en France
Authors: Bigot Régis , Langlois Simon
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’article propose une analyse comparée des dépenses de consommation des ménages canadiens et français en mettant l’accent sur la situation des classes moyennes dans les deux pays. La structure typique de la consommation permet de distinguer le fractionnement qui se dessine au sein de ces dernières. Dans les deux pays, une partie des classes moyennes est tirée vers le bas de la hiérarchie sociale alors qu’une autre partie s’aligne plutôt sur la consommation des classes plus favorisées. Ce fractionnement observable au centre de la hiérarchie sociale alimente le sentiment d’être déclassé constaté au sein des classes moyennes, notamment en France. L’analyse montre une grande convergence, entre les deux pays, des changements dans la structure des dépenses. Par ailleurs, de nouveaux besoins, notamment pour le transport et les loisirs marchands, apparaissent dans toutes les classes socioéconomiques dans les deux pays, mais les ménages plus riches accroissent leur effort budgétaire plus rapidement. Quand un poste de consommation est dynamique temporellement (quand son coefficient budgétaire augmente lorsque le revenu croît), il est généralement plus différencié socialement. Cela signifie que les ménages les plus riches augmentent plus vite leur consommation de biens et services discrétionnaires que les ménages moins favorisés, tant au Canada qu’en France.
Entre logique d'opérateur et système national d'innovation : les programmes de recherche du Centre National d'Étude des Télécommunications de 1974 a la fin des années 1980
Authors: Griset Pascal
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le Centre National d’Étude des Télécommunications (CNET), créé en 1944, a joué un rôle central pour le développement des télécommunications françaises dans la seconde moitié du XX e siècle. Cet article aborde la période de 1974 à la fin des années 1980. Les missions du CNET, son rôle au sein de la Direction Générale des Télécommunications évoluent sensiblement. Les responsabilités dans la politique industrielle du pays et l’articulation avec le développement de nouveaux réseaux sont particulièrement concernées par ces changements. Ceux-ci dépendent d’un contexte global, lié aux mutations économiques et techniques qui marquent le domaine des télécommunications au cours de cette période. Ils dépendent également de choix politiques liés aux changements intervenant à la tête de l’Etat. Pourtant, au-delà de ces fluctuations, cet article met en lumière une stratégie de recherche s’inscrivant dans la durée. Elle se structure informellement autour de trois grands points d’équilibre : l’évolution des réseaux, l’émergence de nouvelles manières de communiquer et la convergence avec les domaines des composants et de la programmation. L’article conclut donc à la capacité du CNET à faire valoir ses choix scientifiques, tout en soulignant que les projets ayant permis de dégager les résultats les plus positifs furent ceux se situant au plus près du cœur de métier de l’opérateur.
Samuel Fuller à Falkenau : « l'impossible »
Authors: Delaporte Sophie
Published: May 2011

Résumé Dans un documentaire réalisé en 1986, Emil Weiss recueille le témoignage filmé de Samuel Fuller sur les images qu’il a prises à la libération du camp de Falkenau, le 8 mai 1945. Si Samuel Fuller s’est appliqué à enfouir ses images, l’événement s’est inscrit profondément dans sa mémoire au point de constituer un trauma.
L'ombre de la loi
Authors: Perreau Bruno
Published: May 2011

Résumé Expérience de la disparition, la communauté est, selon Maurice Blanchot, « inavouable » : elle se dérobe à la possibilité même d’être définie. En prenant appui sur le roman de Marguerite Duras, La maladie de la mort , il considère que le couple formé par la narratrice et son amant homosexuel est emblématique de cette impossibilité. Cet exemple révèle qu’il n’est de communauté sans imaginaire et que la loi et son sujet sont coextensifs, non pas de ou dans la communauté, mais comme communauté.
Le populisme comme modulation du commun
Authors: Oudenampsen Merijn
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le mot de « populisme » n’est généralement employé que comme une insulte, qui révèle plutôt le manque d’intelligence de ceux qui l’emploient que de ceux qui en sont accusés. En réalité, le populisme joue un rôle central dans la dynamique démocratique. Comme le suggèrent les analyses d’Ernesto Laclau, il consiste à donner forme au « peuple » et à la volonté du peuple, à partir de la transformation de multiples écarts démocratiques singuliers, séparés entre eux, en un seul écart collectif, un point de cristallisation du mécontentement politique. Il est donc un opérateur de modulation du commun.
Faire scène en commun
Authors: Andréaz Angélique
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet entretien avec Frank Vercruyssen, du collectif Tg Stan, et avec Nicole Genovese, du collectif Le Foyer, essaie de comprendre comment pratiquer le théâtre ensemble, non seulement entre les acteurs, metteurs en scènes, techniciens et administrateurs des troupes concernées, mais aussi au sein de la relation plus large qui relie une représentation théâtrale à une figure d’auteur absent et à un public de spectateurs présents.
Avatar : une caricature de multitude
Authors: Žižon Slavoj
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le scénario du film Avatar peut se présenter comme une caricature de ce qu’on reproche aux théoriciens des multitudes : la foi en un spontanéisme naïf selon lequel l’agencement des singularités se ferait de façon immanente, sans besoin d’aucun travail d’organisation ou de médiation. Si le film représente bien un renversement idéologique d’une conception simpliste de l’agir politique des multitudes, son succès commercial suggère que de nouveaux modes de médiation sont à l’œuvre et demandent à être analysés de plus près.
La construction d'une cohorte : l'expérience du projet français Elfe
Authors: Pirus Claudine , Bois Corinne , Dufourg Marie-Noëlle , Lanoë Jean-Louis , Vandentorren Stéphanie , Leridon Henri , Elfe l’équipe
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le projet de mise en place d’une cohorte pluridisciplinaire de 20 000 enfants suivis depuis la naissance jusqu’à l’âge adulte a été lancé en France en 2005. Il résulte de préoccupations de diverses instances publiques – notamment dans le domaine de l’environnement – comme de chercheurs de disciplines variées. L’aboutissement en a été la constitution de la cohorte Elfe, Étude longitudinale française depuis l’enfance, dont le démarrage est prévu en mars/avril 2011. Les auteurs retracent la genèse du projet. La démarche s’est voulue résolument pluridisciplinaire, et un grand nombre d’équipes de recherche ont été associées à l’élaboration du projet, en proposant des questions de recherche dans trois grands domaines : sciences sociales, santé et relations entre santé et environnement. Pour bénéficier au maximum de la puissance de la Life course approach, les observations seront fréquentes (annuelles pendant les premières années). Une place importante est faite aux pères, qui jouent un rôle croissant dans l’éducation et la socialisation des enfants. L’échantillon sera représentatif des naissances de l’année 2011 sur l’ensemble du territoire de France métropolitaine. La grande quantité d’informations collectées et leur caractère très personnel exigent une prudence particulière dans la constitution et la gestion des fichiers pour laquelle une procédure originale est mise en œuvre. Les résultats du suivi d’une cohorte pilote lancée en 2007 sont aussi présentés. Ils concernent plusieurs centaines de familles, dont les enfants ont maintenant 3 ans.
Les grandes cohortes d'enfants dans le monde
Authors: Pirus Claudine , Leridon Henri
Published: May 2011

Résumé Il y a plus de 50 ans, la Grande-Bretagne lançait la première grande cohorte d’enfants devant être suivis de la naissance à l’âge adulte. La cohorte est toujours « active » et l’enquête porte aujourd’hui aussi sur la deuxième génération, c’est-à-dire les enfants des membres de la cohorte 1946. Les dispositifs longitudinaux n’ont cessé depuis lors de se développer à travers le monde. Ce type d’étude permet en effet d’adopter une approche dynamique du développement de l’enfant et de mieux comprendre ses trajectoires à long terme. Les auteurs présentent dans cet article l’expérience d’un ensemble de grandes études longitudinales pluridisciplinaires d’enfants. Ils relèvent la forte diversité des thématiques (l’étude de la santé des enfants en constitue le point commun), des modalités d’échantillonnage (certaines cohortes s’appuient sur des sources statistiques existantes), des intervalles entre vagues successives et des durées de suivi, des méthodes et des taux de succès dans le suivi des familles, et des outils d’enquêtes (qui incluent parfois des prélèvements biologiques). Des données plus précises sur l’attrition dans certaines études sont proposées, ainsi que quelques exemples de résultats scientifiques obtenus. L’annexe présente pour vingt grandes cohortes de façon détaillée la méthodologie, les objectifs, les atouts et les difficultés rencontrées, le rattachement institutionnel et le financement.
La mortalité des cardinaux (XVIe-XXe siècles)
Authors: Fornasin Alessio , Breschi Marco , Manfredini Matteo
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article étudie les caractéristiques et la mortalité des cardinaux de l’Église catholique du XVI e au XX e siècle. Les cardinaux remplissent un rôle essentiel dans l’église : ils forment le Sacré collège, élisent le pape et l’assistent. Grâce à une base de données remarquable par la précision et la continuité des informations biographiques recueillies depuis le V e siècle, il est possible d’en analyser certaines spécificités. Durant la période étudiée (1586-1958), ils représentaient un groupe relativement homogène de 70 membres au maximum, résidant à Rome, pour la plupart nés en Italie et issus de l’élite économique. Leur espérance de vie aux XVII e et XVIII e siècles ne différait guère de celle des villageois ordinaires, mais l’aspect le plus frappant est qu’à partir des années 1830, elle ne s’est pas améliorée de manière significative, contrairement à la plupart des pays d’Europe. Les particularismes de la mortalité des cardinaux tiennent à des risques associés à leurs comportements et leurs styles de vie. Les périodes lors desquelles on observe les espérances de vie les plus faibles coïncident avec celles qui sont les plus difficiles pour l’Église d’un point de vue politique. Les cardinaux furent néanmoins pénalisés en termes de longévité tout au long des XVIII e et XIX e siècles, et c’est seulement à partir des années 1930 que leur espérance de vie commença réellement à progresser, se rapprochant de celle de la population générale.
L'Asie centrale vue de Chine
Authors: Cabestan Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les préoccupations de sécurité ont longtemps dominé la politique de la Chine à l’égard de l’Asie centrale. Mais les objectifs économiques et notamment énergétiques de Pékin ont progressivement et en partie modifié ses priorités. Comme au Xinjiang dans une certaine mesure, la Chine s’efforce de régler les problèmes de sécurité régionale par le développement de la coopération économique et des échanges commerciaux, bref par la prospérité. En dépit des succès enregistrés, cette stratégie butte sur de nombreux obstacles. Culturellement distants ainsi que soumis à de multiples tensions intérieures, les pays d’Asie centrale ne s’investissent pas autant que la Chine dans l’Organisation de coopération de Shanghai. La Russie non plus. Ils restent méfiants face à la politique de Pékin au Xinjiang. Le conflit d’Afghanistan, la lutte contre l’extrémisme islamique et les trafics de drogue compliquent aussi la montée en puissance de la Chine dans une région qui reste ouverte à de multiples influences extérieures.
Le coaching comme révélateur du potentiel entrepreneurial
Authors: Barès Franck , Persson Sybil
Published: May 2011

Résumé La réflexion conduite au plan conceptuel considère les apports du coaching pour les décliner dans une perspective novatrice au sein des pratiques d’accompagnement entrepreneurial. La démarche d’accompagnement entrepreneurial est facilement pensée comme une aide pédagogique ou éducative donc implicitement normative (tutorat, mentorat, incubation, pépinière). Le coach qui favorise une émergence du potentiel entrepreneurial dans l’interaction homme-projet-terrain enrichit la démarche d’accompagnement au service du processus de création. L’apport du coaching se décline alors davantage sur le registre de l’éveil d’un entrepreneur en émergence que sur le registre de l’escorte d’un créateur sous tutelle.
Los Multioppiinae del sur de España I. Géneros Multioppia y Pulchroppiella con descripción de una nueva especie (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae)
Authors: Subías L. S. , Arillo A.
Published: May 2011

En el presente trabajo se estudia la distribución de las especies de los géneros Multioppia Hammer, 1961 y Pulchroppiella Balogh, 1983 en el sur de España. Se describe la nueva especie Multioppia gilmartinoi sp. nov. y se considera Multioppia excisa Moritz, 1971 como sinónimo de Multioppia neglecta Pérez-Íñigo, 1969 sin. nov.
Catálogo y atlas de las arañas de la familia Philodromidae Thorell, 1870 de la Península Iberica e islas Baleares
Authors: Urones C.
Published: May 2011

En este artículo se da el listado de las 38 especies de Philodromidae (Araneae) conocidas en la Península Ibérica y Baleares. La lista ordenada alfabéticamente, se presenta indicando las localidades por provincias y referencias bibliográficas donde se ha citado cada especie. Se incluye el material existente en la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, así como ejemplares de Philodromidae de otras procedencias. Se da el atlas provisional de distribución de las especies de Philodromidae para España peninsular e islas Baleares, y para Portugal y Andorra. La distribución de cada especie se indica sobre mapas de cuadrícula U.T.M. de 50 km de lado. Y se aportan además datos sobre su hábitat y ciclos de vida.
Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento de los microturbelarios de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Farías F. , Gamo J. , Noreña-Janssen C.
Published: May 2011

En el presente trabajo se citan por vez primera para la fauna ibérica siete especies de Microturbelarios pertenecientes a los Órdenes: Macrostomida (Macrostomum rostratum), Proseriata (Bothrioplana semperi) y Rhabdocoela (Castradella gladiata, Opistomum inmigrans, Phaenocora minima, Microdalyellia kupelweiseri y M. tenennsensis). Otras cinco especies se citan por segunda vez: Prorhynchus stagnalis (O. Lecithoepitheliata), Opisthocystis goettei, Castrella truncata, Mesostoma ehrenbergii y Rhynchomesostoma rostratum (O. Rhabdocoela). El material estudiado fue recogido en ocho localidades de las provincias de Avila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Madrid y Segovia, ofreciéndose nuevos datos sobre la autoecología y distribución de estas especies.
Descripción de la larva de Ochthebius (Cobalius) subinteger Mulsant & Rey, 1861 (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)
Authors: Delgado J. A. , Soler A. G.
Published: May 2011

Se describe la morfología y quetotaxia de los tres estadios larvarios de Ochthebius (Cobalius) subinteger Mulsant & Rey, 1861. El estudio quetotáxico ofrece numerosos caracteres en la cápsula y apéndices cefálicos, tórax y abdomen que pueden ser empleados para identificar correctamente las larvas de esta especie. Un importante número de rasgos larvarios separan a esta especie del modelo morfológico presente en otras del género Ochthebius. La ausencia en Ochthebius subinteger de la seda cefálica temporal T2 es, por el momento, un carácter único entre las larvas de la familia Hydraenidae. Diversos caracteres relacionan la larva de esta especie con las larvas del género Calobius.