bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capturing the Four-Phase Team Adaptation Process With Behaviorally	Anchored Rating Scales (BARS)
Authors: Georganta Eleni , Brodbeck Felix C.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. As a response to the lack of quantitative and reliable measures of the team adaptation process, the aim of the present study was to develop and validate an instrument for assessing the four phases of the team adaptation process as described by Rosen and colleagues (2011) . Two trained raters and two subject matter expert groups contributed to the development of four behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) that span across the spectrum of team processes involved in each team adaptation phase. To validate the four BARS, two different trained raters assessed independently the team adaptation phases of 66 four-person teams. The validation study provided empirical support for the BARS’ psychometric adequacy. The BARS measures overcame the common middle anchor problem, showed sensitivity in differentiating between teams and between the four phases, showed evidence for acceptable reliability, construct, and criterion validity, and supported the theoretical team adaptation process assumptions. The study contributes to research and praxis by enabling the direct assessment of the overall team adaptation process, thereby facilitating our understanding of this complex phenomenon. This allows the identification of behavioral strengths and weaknesses for targeted team development and comprehensive team adaptation studies.
Factorial Structure of the Therapist Adherence Measure-Revised	(TAM-R) Within Multisystemic Therapy
Authors: Lange Aurelie M. C. , Delsing Marc J. M. H. , Scholte Ron H. J. , van der Rijken Rachel E. A.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Therapist Adherence Measure (TAM-R) is a central assessment within the quality-assurance system of Multisystemic Therapy (MST). Studies into the validity and reliability of the TAM in the US have found varying numbers of latent factors. The current study aimed to reexamine its factor structure using two independent samples of families participating in MST in the Netherlands. The factor structure was explored using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in Sample 1 ( N = 580). This resulted in a two-factor solution. The factors were labeled “therapist adherence” and “client–therapist alliance.” Four cross-loading items were dropped. Reliability of the resulting factors was good. This two-factor model showed good model fit in a subsequent Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Sample 2 ( N = 723). The current finding of an alliance component corroborates previous studies and fits with the focus of the MST treatment model on creating engagement.
Constructing the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau During the Late Triassic
Authors: Zhan Qiong‐Yao , Zhu Di‐Cheng , Wang Qing , Cawood Peter A. , Xie Jin‐Cheng , Li Shi‐Min , Wang Rui , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Zhao Zhi‐Dan , Deng Jun
Published: December 2018

The steep eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is thought to have developed in the Cenozoic by brittle crustal thickening or lower crustal flow related to India‐Asia collision. However, our data indicate that Late Triassic crustal shortening and voluminous magmatism contributed to crustal thickening and topography of the region. Sr/Y ratios of intermediate to silicic magmatic rocks reflect mineral assemblages in the magma source and can be used to constrain crustal thickness. The Sr/Y ratios from the Songpan‐Ganzi Fold Belt in the eastern Tibetan Plateau indicate that the eastern margin of the plateau achieved a crustal thickness ranging from 44 ± 6 to 67 ± 9 km during ca. 220 to 190 Ma. An average elevation of 2,600 ± 300 m at ca. 211 Ma is deduced based on average crustal thickness of 55 ± 2 km assuming Airy isostatic compensation. The thickened crust and high topography of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau during the Late Triassic is supported by intense shortening and voluminous magmatism, contemporaneous Barrovian metamorphism, and the development of a foreland basin. Our data indicate that the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau was initially built during the Late Triassic, and this area has a long history of crustal thickening and mountain building.
Abiotic Input of Fixed Nitrogen by Bolide Impacts to Gale Crater During the Hesperian: Insights From the Mars Science Laboratory
Authors: Navarro‐González Rafael , Navarro Karina F. , Coll Patrice , McKay Christopher P. , Stern Jennifer C. , Sutter Brad , Archer P. Douglas , Buch Arnaud , Cabane Michel , Conrad Pamela G. , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , Franz Heather B. , Freissinet Caroline , Glavin Daniel P. , Hogancamp Joanna V. , McAdam Amy C. , Malespin Charles A. , Martín‐Torres F. Javier , Ming Douglas W. , Morris Richard V. , Prats Benny , Raulin François , Rodríguez‐Manfredi José Antonio , Szopa Cyril , Zorzano‐Mier María‐Paz , Mahaffy Paul R. , Atreya Sushil , Trainer Melissa G. , Vasavada Ashwin R.
Published: December 2018

Molecular hydrogen (H2) from volcanic emissions is suggested to warm the Martian surface when carbon dioxide (CO2) levels dropped from the Noachian (4100 to 3700 Myr) to the Hesperian (3700 to 3000 Myr). Its presence is expected to shift the conversion of molecular nitrogen (N2) into different forms of fixed nitrogen (N). Here we present experimental data and theoretical calculations that investigate the efficiency of nitrogen fixation by bolide impacts in CO2‐N2 atmospheres with or without H2. Surprisingly, nitric oxide (NO) was produced more efficiently in 20% H2 in spite of being a reducing agent and not likely to increase the rate of nitrogen oxidation. Nevertheless, its presence led to a faster cooling of the shock wave raising the freeze‐out temperature of NO resulting in an enhanced yield. We estimate that the nitrogen fixation rate by bolide impacts varied from 7 × 10−4 to 2 × 10−3 g N·Myr−1·cm−2 and could imply fluvial concentration to explain the nitrogen (1.4 ± 0.7 g N·Myr−1·cm−2) detected as nitrite (NO2−) and nitrate (NO3−) by Curiosity at Yellowknife Bay. One possible explanation is that the nitrogen detected in the lacustrine sediments at Gale was deposited entirely on the crater's surface and was subsequently dissolved and transported by superficial and ground waters to the lake during favorable wet climatic conditions. The nitrogen content sharply decreases in younger sediments of the Murray formation suggesting a decline of H2 in the atmosphere and the rise of oxidizing conditions causing a shortage in the supply to putative microbial life.
A New Process‐Based Soil Methane Scheme: Evaluation Over Arctic Field Sites With the ISBA Land Surface Model
Authors: Morel X. , Decharme B. , Delire C. , Krinner G. , Lund M. , Hansen B. U. , Mastepanov M.
Published: December 2018

Permafrost soils and arctic wetlands methane emissions represent an important challenge for modeling the future climate. Here we present a process‐based model designed to correctly represent the main thermal, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes related to these emissions for general land surface modeling. We propose a new multilayer soil carbon and gas module within the Interaction Soil‐Biosphere‐Atmosphere (ISBA) land‐surface model (LSM). This module represents carbon pools, vertical carbon dynamics, and both oxic and anoxic organic matter decomposition. It also represents the soil gas processes for CH4, CO2, and O2 through the soil column. We base CH4 production and oxydation on an O2 control instead of the classical water table level strata approach used in state‐of‐the‐art soil CH4 models. We propose a new parametrization of CH4 oxydation using recent field experiments and use an explicit O2 limitation for soil carbon decomposition. Soil gas transport is computed explicitly, using a revisited formulation of plant‐mediated transport, a new representation of gas bulk diffusivity in porous media closer to experimental observations, and an innovative advection term for ebullition. We evaluate this advanced model on three climatically distinct sites : two in Greenland (Nuuk and Zackenberg) and one in Siberia (Chokurdakh). The model realistically reproduces methane and carbon dioxide emissions from both permafrosted and nonpermafrosted sites. The evolution and vertical characteristics of the underground processes leading to these fluxes are consistent with current knowledge. Results also show that physics is the main driver of methane fluxes, and the main source of variability appears to be the water table depth.
Three‐Moment Representation of Rain in a Bulk Microphysics Model
Authors: Paukert M. , Fan J. , Rasch P. J. , Morrison H. , Milbrandt J. A. , Shpund J. , Khain A.
Published: December 2018

A bulk three‐moment representation for rain microphysics is developed and implemented in the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme. In addition, a new parameterization for rain self‐collection and collisional breakup (RSCB) is presented using a lookup table approach, based on the Spectral‐Bin Model (SBM). To quantify the impacts of sedimentation, evaporation, and RSCB on drop size distributions (DSDs), a rain shaft model is applied to a wide range of atmospheric scenarios (i.e., initial conditions and regimes) and compared against results from the SBM. DSD shapes are mainly determined by both sedimentation and evaporation, except in heavy rain where the impact of RSCB on DSD shape becomes more important than evaporation. The new parameterization for RSCB has a considerable impact on the mean drop size, improving the agreement between P3 and SBM. Only 4% of the original two‐moment rainshaft simulations have mean drop sizes and rain rates within ±20% of the SBM results, but this increases to more than 95% agreement when the three‐moment rain representation is used together with the new parameterization for RSCB. Generally, the improvement is more significant for heavy rain than for light drizzle. Remaining differences between bin and bulk model are attributable to treatments of evaporation, and the restriction to gamma DSDs in P3.
Tectonic Mode Switches Recorded at the Northern Edge of the Australian Plate During the Pliocene and Pleistocene
Authors: White L. T. , Hall R. , Gunawan I. , Kohn B.
Published: December 2018

We report new data from medium‐high grade metamorphic rocks found at the northern margin of the Lengguru Fold Belt in West Papua. The study involved a systematic analysis of cross‐cutting structures to establish the relative timing of deformation, together with isotopic dating to define when these tectono‐thermal events occurred. These data show that the region underwent multiple episodes of deformation within the last six million years. Metamorphic mineral growth was associated with the development of ductile shear zones. This episode occurred during a phase of crustal stretching associated with the formation of a metamorphic core complex. Metamorphic zircon growth at 4.9 to 5.3 Ma was documented in two of the dated samples. These data are interpreted to postdate the peak pressure and temperature conditions of the phase of regional crustal stretching. The shear fabrics associated with the metamorphic core complex were later overprinted by at least two generations of folds. The change in mode from crustal extension to shortening reflects a tectonic mode switch. A subsequent mode switch is documented by numerous brittle extensional faults that cross‐cut the earlier formed ductile fabrics. We interpret ca. 0.75–1.51 Ma (U–Th)/He age data to reflect cooling associated with the later stages of crustal shortening (marked by folds) or the later extensional unroofing of the peninsula. This work demonstrates that an orogen can record multiple tectonic mode switches within several million years. These outcomes should be considered in studies of ancient orogens where analytical uncertainties associated with isotopic dating may mask short‐lived mode switches.
Author Correction: Biodiversity estimates and ecological interpretations of meiofaunal communities are biased by the taxonomic approach
Authors: Leasi Francesca , Sevigny Joseph L. , Laflamme Eric M. , Artois Tom , Curini-Galletti Marco , de Jesus Navarrete Alberto , Di Domenico Maikon , Goetz Freya , Hall Jeffrey A. , Hochberg Rick , Jörger Katharina M. , Jondelius Ulf , Todaro M. Antonio , Wirshing Herman H. , Norenburg Jon L. , Thomas W. Kelley
Published: December 2018

The acknowledgements and Data Availability statement have been updated to include a link to data made publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC).
An NMR-based lipidomic approach to identify Parkinson's disease-stage specific lipoprotein–lipid signatures in plasma
Authors: Pizarro Consuelo , Esteban-Díez Isabel , Espinosa María , Rodríguez-Royo Fernando , González-Sáiz José-María
Published: December 2018

An NMR-based lipidomic approach has been applied to provide an optimal discrimination strategy for differential diagnosis of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and for staging purposes of Parkinson's patients.
Stepwise degradation of hydroxyl compounds to aldehydes via successive C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Zhang Zhanrong , Shen Xiaojun , Liu Huizhen , Zhang Pei , Chen Bingfeng , Han Buxing
Published: December 2018

Stepwise degradation of hydroxyl compounds to aldehydes via successive cleavage of C–C bonds was achieved by using a bimetallic catalytic system (PdCl2 + CuCl) without any ligands and additives.
Bromine–bromine interactions enhanced plasticity for the bending of a single crystal without affecting fluorescent properties
Authors: Paikar Arpita , Podder Debasish , Chowdhury Srayoshi Roy , Sasmal Supriya , Haldar Debasish
Published: December 2018

The crystal plasticity, due to bromine–bromine interactions, plays a crucial role in generating a slip plane and thus, under mechanical force, crystals undergo bending without affecting their fluorescent properties.
Algebraic diagrammatic construction for the polarisation propagator in combination with effective fragment potentials
Authors: Sen Reena , Dreuw Andreas , Faraji Shirin
Published: December 2018

The effective fragment potential (EFP) method for the efficient inclusion of solvation effects is combined with the algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) scheme for the second- and third-order polarisation propagator.
Recent advances in bioinspired proton-coupled electron transfer
Authors: Pannwitz Andrea , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: December 2018

Fundamental aspects of PCET continue to attract attention. Understanding this reaction type is desirable for small-molecule activation and solar energy conversion.
Novel polygonal structure Mn4+ activated In3+-based Elpasolite-type hexafluorides red phosphor for warm white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs)
Authors: Hong Feng , Cheng Haiming , Song Chao , Liu Guixia , Yu Wensheng , Wang Jinxian , Dong Xiangting
Published: December 2018

Red phosphors (NH4)2NaInF6:Mn4+ with controllable morphology were synthesized via different synthetic methods, which can be fabricated for warm white LEDs.
Development of a method for the quantitative metabolite profiling of pharmaceutical drugs using HPLC-ICP-MS following pre-column derivatization of their amino and hydroxyl groups using 4-aminopyridine as a model compound
Authors: Li Sanwang , Cuyckens Filip , Lynen Frederic , Vanhaecke Frank
Published: December 2018

Presence of amino and/or hydroxyl groups allows for derivatization of APIs and their metabolites with 4-iodobenzoylchloride, thus enabling HPLC-ICP-MS metabolite profiling.
Correlation between the electronic/local structure and CO-oxidation activity of PdxRu1−xalloy nanoparticles
Authors: Song Chulho , Tayal Akhil , Seo Okkyun , Kim Jaemyung , Chen Yanna , Hiroi Satoshi , Kumara L. S. R. , Kusada Kohei , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Sakata Osami
Published: December 2018

Enhanced CO oxidation activity of PdRu nanoparticles (NPs) atx= 0.5 is originated from the maximum localized disorder of Pd/Ru and the charge transfer from Pd to Ru occurs in the partial PdRu alloy.
Nitrogen-rich hierarchical porous carbon materials with interconnected channels for high stability supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Zhenjie , Wang Wenjie , Zhang Jiamin , Wang Guanchu , Wang Kai , Liu Xiaowei , Ni Gang , Jiang Yang
Published: December 2018

Novel nitrogen-rich hierarchical porous carbon (NPC) materials have been successfully synthesized using eggshells as the template and activation agent.
High-performance wide-bandgap copolymers with dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyridin-5(4H)-one units
Authors: Gao Yaxin , Li Dan , Xiao Zuo , Qian Xin , Yang Junliang , Liu Fangyang , Yang Shangfeng , Ding Liming
Published: December 2018

Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyridin-5(4H)-one-based wide-bandgap copolymers gave high open-circuit voltages and decent power conversion efficiencies in nonfullerene organic solar cells.
Bioresource derived porous carbon from cottonseed hull for removal of triclosan and electrochemical application
Authors: Jiang Yingfang , Zhang Zhengwei , Zhang Yagang , Zhou Xin , Wang Lulu , Yasin Akram , Zhang Letao
Published: December 2018

Biomass derived nitrogen-enriched porous carbon materials from cottonseed hull for emerging pollutant triclosan removal and electrochemical application.
Chemical solution deposition of Y1−xGdxBa2Cu3O7−δ–BaHfO3 nanocomposite films: combined influence of nanoparticles and rare-earth mixing on growth conditions and transport properties
Authors: Cayado Pablo , Erbe Manuela , Kauffmann-Weiss Sandra , Jung Alexandra , Hänisch Jens , Holzapfel Bernhard
Published: December 2018

Superconducting Y1–xGdxBa2Cu3O7–δ–BaHfO3 nanocomposite films were prepared by chemical solution deposition on SrTiO3 substrates in order to study the influence of the rare earth stoichiometry on their structure, morphology and electrical properties.
Tetra-fluorinated aromatic azide for highly efficient bioconjugation in living cells
Authors: Cai Xuekang , Wang Dan , Gao Yasi , Yi Long , Yang Xing , Xi Zhen
Published: December 2018

A fast strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition based on tetra-fluorinated aromatic azide was developed and applied to label proteins and living cells with high efficiency.
The role of halogens in the catalyst transfer polycondensation for π-conjugated polymers
Authors: Ye Shuyang , Foster Scott M. , Pollit Adam A. , Cheng Susan , Seferos Dwight S.
Published: December 2018

A better understanding of the role that halogens play in Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation leads to better monomer design.
Design of an amorphous TaOx multifunctional interfacial layer on photocathodes for photoelectrochemical H2 evolution
Authors: Chae Sang Youn , Kim Sumin , Joo Oh-Shim
Published: December 2018

A novel TaOx multifunctional layer which is transparent and co-catalytically active was applied to photoelectrodes for hydrogen production.
Benzoselenadiazole and benzotriazole directed electrophilic C–H borylation of conjugated donor–acceptor materials
Authors: Dash Barada P. , Hamilton Iain , Tate Daniel J. , Crossley Daniel L. , Kim Ji-Seon , Ingleson Michael J. , Turner Michael L.
Published: December 2018

Borylative fusion of BSe and BTz containing donor–acceptor oligomers gives fused boracycles with a reduction in the energy of the LUMO by up to 0.65 eV. This leads to a red shift in emission of ca. 200 nm and the use of these materials for the fabrication of NIR OLEDs.
ZNF300 stimulates fatty acid oxidation and alleviates hepatosteatosis through regulating PPARα
Authors: Yan Feng-Juan , Wang Yong-Jian , Yan Shi-Ran , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan-Lin
Published: December 2018

ZNF300 plays an important role in the regulation of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. However, little is known about the role of ZNF300 in lipid metabolism and NAFLD. In the present study, we observed that ZNF300 expression was markedly decreased in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced fatty liver. Overexpressed ZNF300 alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation, whereas knockdown of ZNF300 enhanced the FFA-induced lipid accumulation. Investigations of the underlying mechanisms revealed that ZNF300 directly binds to and regulates the PPARα expression, thus promoting fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, bisulfite pyrosequencing PCR (BSP) analysis identified the hypermethylation status of ZNF300 gene in FFA-treated hepatocytes. Importantly, the suppression of ZNF300 could be blocked by DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-azadC) or DNMT3a-siRNA. These results suggested that ZNF300 plays an important role in hepatic lipid metabolism via PPARα promoting fatty acid oxidation and this effect might be blocked by DNMT3a-mediated methylation of ZNF300. Therefore, in addition to ZNF300 expression levels, the methylation status of this gene also has a potential as a prognostic biomarker.
Performance of dual‐hop full‐duplex relay networks with orthogonal space‐time block coding in Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Toka Mesut , Kucur Oğuz
Published: December 2018

In this study, the authors investigate outage performance of orthogonal space‐time block coding (OSTBC) in dual‐hop multiple‐input multiple‐output full‐duplex (FD) amplify‐and‐forward relay networks over flat Nakagami‐m fading environments. In the network, OSTBC and maximum‐ratio combining (MRC) are employed at the source and destination, respectively, while the relay has one receive and one transmit antennas. In order to analyse the system, outage probability (OP) expression is obtained in single integral form. In addition, lower‐bound and asymptotic expressions are also derived in closed forms in order to provide more insights into OP. The theoretical derivations are verified by Monte Carlo simulations. The results reveal that the quality of self‐interference (SI) cancellation, the number of antennas at the destination and channel condition in the first hop are quite effective in performance improvement. FD outperforms half‐duplex one when the SI cancellation parameter is kept below a certain value for fixed signal‐to‐noise ratio values, and when the target rate is greater than a certain value, if the quality of SI cancellation is quite enough. Moreover, performance analysis of the system is extended to other transmit diversity techniques such as maximum‐ratio transmission /MRC and transmit antenna selection/MRC, and comparisons are presented.
Fast corona discharge solver for precipitators using multi‐grid methods on fine grids
Authors: Omar Ahmad Muhammed , Abouelatta Mohamed Anwar
Published: December 2018

A novel approach for modelling the corona problem in the wire‐duct precipitators using the finite difference technique integrated with multi‐grid methods is adopted in this study. The multi‐grid method is applied as a fast convergent iterative solution for the finite difference technique to solve Poisson equation especially on finer grids. Two schemes of the multi‐grid method, mainly the V‐cycle and the full multi‐grid method, are adopted in the present study. Compared with Gauss–Seidel method, the above‐mentioned schemes are successfully transcendent owing to timing performance. By using finer grids, the proposed algorithm allows to get a more accurate picture about the performance of the precipitators in the design stage without suffering from the excessive computational time. Accurate results for the potential and current density computations, closed to the previous published experimental measurements, are obtained in comparison with earlier numerical techniques for several design parameters of the precipitators. Finally, the effect of changing the effective ion mobility and the surface roughness factor on the voltage–current density is considered.
DC fault ride‐through method for full‐bridge MMC‐based MTDC systems
Authors: Luo Yongjie , Yi Pu , Xiaofu Xiong , Jiang Wang , Yonghui Song
Published: December 2018

The DC fault protection is one of the main issues in multi‐terminal voltage source converter based high‐voltage direct current (VSC–MTDC) transmission systems. In this study, a DC short‐circuit fault ride‐through method for full‐bridge modular multi‐level converter (FB‐MMC) based MTDC systems is proposed. First, the model of the FB‐MMC topology is analysed. Then, the principle of fault current clearing in full‐bridge sub‐module (FB‐SM) is introduced. The converter protection control strategy and the system protection scheme are proposed, benefitting from the capability of quick fault current elimination with the valves blocked using the FB‐MMC topology. With this method, the MTDC system could restart quickly after clearance of DC fault without cutting off the AC grid. The proposed protection strategy is demonstrated using the simulation model in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy.
Adaptive algorithm for rapidly optimising the generator‐tripping control
Authors: Huang Tiangang , Xue Yusheng , Xue Feng , Zhao Junhua , Zhang Jianmin
Published: December 2018

The fast optimisation of transient stability emergency control (TSEC) strategy is a key factor of online safeguard for AC–DC interconnected systems. An engineering applicable TSEC algorithm has to obtain the disturbed trajectories of the system by numerical integration, and then do quantised stability knowledge mining. Theoretical analysis and simulation verification reveal that the premise is to identify the unstable mode correctly, and then emergency control decision can be optimised according to the cost performance of the actions. Small integral step is usually needed for accuracy. In order to coordinate the accuracy and computational burden intelligently, this study proposes an algorithm for optimising generator‐tripping control, which can adaptively reduce computational burden. If the unstable mode is insensitive to the change of fault parameters (e.g. fault clearing time), this case's time‐varying property is more likely to be weak. Only for such cases, large‐step Taylor series expansions (LSTSE) can be taken to replace small‐step numerical integration (SSNI) and search for the optimal result. Based on its time‐varying property, each case can get disturbed trajectories using LSTSE or SSNI adaptively and obtain optimal solution. The excellent performance of this algorithm is verified by simulation of nine Chinese regional power systems under various operating conditions.
Parallel operation of virtual synchronous generators and synchronous generators in a microgrid
Authors: Yan Xiangwu , Mohamed Sara Y.A. , Li Dongxue , Gadalla Abuzaid S.
Published: December 2018

Aiming for integration of a large‐scale of distributed generators (DGs) such as photovoltaic into the microgrids, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control concept has been developed. By this concept, DGs based on inverters can exhibit the characteristics of synchronous generators (SGs) such as the inertial, damping, and droop functions and can participate in the microgrid control and stability. Here, a detailed VSG model is presented and analysed in order to investigate that, VSGs have really the similar structure of SGs. Then, the paper studies the microgrid with both VSG and ordinary SG. Then, parallel arrangements of VSG‐VSG are set up in order to compare the dynamic behaviour of the VSG with the standard SG in an isolated microgrid. The dynamic responses are compared under equal sharing and proportional sharing of the load demand. Simulation results are presented using matlab/simulink.
Study on lightning overvoltage and commutation failure in UHV AC/DC hybrid system
Authors: Fang Shengwei , Zhang Li , Zou Liang , Chen Yongshuai , Wang Yali
Published: December 2018

Due to the high UHV AC/DC transmission line tower, the working voltage amplitude on the wire is large, causing lightning accidents. The paper first analyses the impact of lightning strike point on lightning overvoltage of 1000 kV UHV transformer substation and determines the research object of lightning intruding wave overvoltage. Second, the influence of the impact grounding resistance of transformer side lightning arrester and transmission line tower on invaded wave is analysed. Finally, the commutation failure of HVDC system was analysed, and the simulation tests were carried out by CIGER standard model in PSCAD and Simulink, valve voltage and valve current waveform can be used as a new basis for judgment. The conclusion shows that the analysis of UHV AC/DC hybrid system commutation failure should start from the DC system to study, and commutation failure directly related to the failure, operating conditions, and other factors.
Improved travelling wave protection for extra‐high‐voltage/ultra‐high‐voltage transmission lines
Authors: Li Youyi , Wang Jianping , Liu Kai
Published: December 2018

Travelling wave protection has some very attractive advantages such as fast operation speed, immunity to load condition, immunity to power swing, immunity to charging current, and immunity to series compensation. Consequently, travelling wave protection is deemed very suitable for extra‐high‐voltage/ultra‐high‐voltage transmission line protection applications. However, its practical application has some challenging issues, especially in regard to security and reliability. For example, harmonics may cause wrong fault direction detection for the classic travelling wave pilot protection, and can even lead to mal‐operation in some cases. How to improve the security and reliability under such practical operation conditions is, therefore, a key topic in the research of travelling wave protection. A novel travelling wave pilot protection solution will be discussed, which is based on some new methods such as 4‐polarity comparison, a time synchronised pilot protection scheme, and high‐frequency unblocking. The analysis and simulation results show that the proposed solution has much better security and reliability than the classic travelling wave pilot protection.
Nitrogen abundance in the X-ray halos of clusters and groups of galaxies
Authors: Mao Junjie , de Plaa Jelle , Kaastra Jelle S. , Pinto Ciro , Gu Liyi , Mernier François , Yan Hong-Liang , Zhang Yu-Ying , Akamatsu Hiroki
Published: December 2018

Context.Chemical abundances in the X-ray halos (also known as the intracluster medium, ICM) of clusters and groups of galaxies can be measured via prominent emission line features in their X-ray spectra. Elemental abundances are footprints of time-integrated yields of various stellar populations that have left their specific abundance patterns prior to and during the cluster and group evolution.Aim.We aim to constrain nitrogen abundances in the CHEmical Evolution RGS Sample (CHEERS), which contains 44 nearby groups and clusters of galaxies, to gain a better understanding of their chemical enrichment.

Method.We examined the high-resolution spectra of the CHEERS sample and took various systematic effects in the spectral modelling into account. We compared the observed abundance ratios with those in the Galactic stellar populations and also with predictions from stellar yields (low- and intermediate-mass stars, massive stars, and degenerate stars).

Results.The nitrogen abundance can only be well constrained (≳3σ) in one cluster of galaxies and seven groups of galaxies. The [O/Fe] – [Fe/H] relation of the ICM is comparable to that for the Galaxy, while the [N/Fe] and [N/O] ratios of the ICM are both higher than in the Galaxy. Future studies on nitrogen radial distributions are required to tell whether the obtained higher [N/Fe] and [N/O] ratios are biased as a result of the small extraction region (r/r500 ≲ 0.05) that we adopt here. Since abundances of odd-Zelements are more sensitive to the initial metallicity of stellar populations, accurate abundance measurements of N, Na, and Al are required to better constrain the chemical enrichment in the X-ray halos of clusters and groups of galaxies.
Guided wave analysis of fractional TIR-QPM-based broadband SHG in the MIR region in a reverse tapered isotropic slab
Authors: Medhi Bhaswati , Deb Sumita
Published: December 2018

This paper is a numeric-analytical work on generating second harmonic by using guided wave optics in lieu of plane ray optics for the reason that guided wave optics gives a more accurate representation of the nonlinear optical phenomena. In this analysis we have taken a reverse tapered isotropic semiconductor slab where the effects of the nonlinear law of reflection are minimized. Other lossy factors like surface roughness, Goos-Hänchen shift and absorption losses are also incorporated in the computer-aided simulation results. The effects of the parametric changes are also explained in the results section to give a better perspective of the whole analysis. The results are obtained in terms of efficiency and 3 dB bandwidth and are superior compared to tapered structure of semiconductor slab.
Exergy analysis and optimization of the Rankine cycle in steam power plants using the firefly algorithm
Authors: Elahifar Samad , Assareh Ehsanolah , Nedaei Mojtaba
Published: December 2018

The analysis of the exergy efficiency has always been considered as a fundamental criterion to study the behavior of the thermodynamic cycles. In this research, the exergy analysis of a steam power plant for generating electricity with Rankine thermodynamic cycle is carried out. Zarand steam power plant, which is located in the Kerman province, is considered as a case study. In order to optimize these thermodynamic processes and to achieve the highest exergy efficiency value, some primary parameters were considered as the decision variables. By changing the values of these parameters, an attempt was made to enhance the exergy efficiency by using a novel approach. The six decision variables, which are, output temperature and pressure values of the boiler, as well as the output pressure values of the four stages of the turbine, were chosen on the basis of probability of variations in a certain range of electricity generation parameters for the studied power plant. The exergy efficiency was considered as the objective function. Afterwards, optimization of the power plant by employing the firefly algorithm, which is one of the relatively latest invented algorithms for solving the optimization problems, was carried out. The firefly model performs the optimization process inspired by the behavior and action of fireflies to attract mates and reject enemies. For the purpose of analysis of the exergy efficiency, at the first stage, the optimization of exergy efficiency function was performed for the studied steam power plant, and then the results were compared with the solutions obtained using the genetic and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Final results are indicative of the fact that by appropriate changes in the decision variables and employing the firefly algorithm, the exergy efficiency of the thermal power plant increased from 30.1 to 30.7037 percent. This increase was equivalent to 0.6037 for the cycle, and compared to the results obtained from the genetic and swarm particle optimization algorithms, it was 0.04% and 0.0398% higher, respectively.
Les patients scoliotiques ont-ils un besoin de traitement orthodontique augmenté ? Une étude comparative sur 104 cas
Authors: Servant Camille , Garnier Emmanuelle , Subtil Fabien , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: December 2018

Introduction :Le diagnostic de scoliose, lorsqu’il est établi sur un patient en cours de traitement orthodontique, peut inciter à imputer l’apparition de la scoliose au traitement orthodontique ou, au moins, à établir un lien entre scoliose et orthopédie dento-faciale : les patients scoliotiques ont-ils un besoin de traitement orthodontique augmenté ? L’importance du besoin de traitement orthodontique est-elle corrélée à la gravité de la scoliose ?Matériel et méthode :Les auteurs ont mené une étude épidémiologique multicentrique comparative entre un groupe de patients atteints de scolioses idiopathiques de l’adolescent diagnostiqués en aveugle (par l’angle de Cobb) et un groupe contrôle issu de la population générale. Le critère de jugement était l’Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need(IOTN). Le calcul du nombre de sujets a été effectué a priori. Un seuil de significativité de 5 % a été retenu pour l’analyse statistique.Résultats :Dans cette étude, 104 patients ont été inclus : 36 patients (10 garçons, 26 filles) âgés en moyenne de 12,1 ans (+/– 2,3 ans) dans le groupe scoliose (angle de Cobb moyen = 21°) contre 69 patients (20 garçons, 49 filles) de 12 ans en moyenne (+/– 2,7 ans) dans le groupe témoin. Les patients atteints de scoliose ont un besoin de traitement orthodontique significativement supérieur à la population générale. La sévérité de la scoliose ne semble pas corrélée à l’augmentation du besoin de traitement orthodontique.Discussion :Cette étude justifie l’identification de malocclusions chez les patients scoliotiques et remet en question les préjugés selon lesquelles le traitement orthodontique serait pourvoyeur de scoliose.
Synthesis of Chiral 3-Substituted 3-Amino-2-oxindoles through Enantioselective Catalytic Domino and Tandem Reactions
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: December 2018

The goal of this review is to collect the major developments in the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 3-substituted 3-amino-2-oxindoles through enantioselective catalytic domino and tandem reactions reported since 2011.

1 Introduction

2 Organocatalyzed Reactions

3 Metal-Catalyzed Reactions

4 Conclusion
Fibromyalgia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Female Pelvic Pain
Authors: Johnson Christina , Makai Gretchen
Published: December 2018

Fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome are common disorders which often coexist in women with chronic pelvic pain. Like pelvic pain, these disorders describe symptoms without pathologic findings. Women with chronic pelvic pain have a higher prevalence of fibromyalgia (4–31%) and irritable bowel syndrome (8–41%) than the general population. Aberrant pain processing and psychosocial stressors are implicated in the co-occurrence of these pain syndromes (chronic overlapping pain conditions), but active epidemiologic, psychosocial, and neurobiologic research is ongoing. Given the higher prevalence of fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome in women with chronic pelvic pain, gynecologists should have more education in diagnosis and treatment of these and other chronic overlapping pain conditions to improve care for women.
Feeling the Force: Measurements of Platelet Contraction and Their Diagnostic Implications
Authors: Williams Evelyn , Oshinowo Oluwamayokun , Ravindran Abhijit , Lam Wilbur , Myers David
Published: December 2018

In addition to the classical biological and biochemical framework, blood clots can also be considered as active biomaterials composed of dynamically contracting platelets, nascent polymeric fibrin that functions as a matrix scaffold, and entrapped blood cells. As platelets sense, rearrange, and apply forces to the surrounding microenvironment, they dramatically change the material properties of the nascent clot, increasing its stiffness by an order of magnitude. Hence, the mechanical properties of blood clots are intricately tied to the forces applied by individual platelets. Research has also shown that the pathophysiological changes in clot mechanical properties are associated with bleeding and clotting disorders, cancer, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and more. By approaching the study of hemostasis and thrombosis from a biophysical and mechanical perspective, important insights have been made into how the mechanics of clotting and the forces applied by platelets are linked to various diseases. This review will familiarize the reader with a mechanics framework that is contextualized with relevant biology. The review also includes a discussion of relevant tools used to study platelet forces either directly or indirectly, and finally, concludes with a summary of potential links between clotting forces and disease.
Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Microfluidic Coagulation Device for Monitoring Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Harder Sebastian , Santos Sascha , Krozer Viktor , Moll Jochen
Published: December 2018

An universal coagulation test that reliably detects prolonged coagulation times in patients, regardless of which anticoagulant is administered, is not yet available. The authors developed a novel, miniaturized device utilizing surface acoustic waves (SAW) to detect clotting, and used it to develop a novel universal microfluidic coagulation test. Results from this assay were compared with results from standard coagulation assays to detect classical anticoagulants (unfractionated heparin, argatroban) and direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban). The SAW-clotting time (SAW-CT) of this novel device was prolonged in a dose-dependent manner for heparin, argatroban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban, comparable to standard assays. The authors confirmed the clinical utility of this device in a small patient population admitted to a stroke unit. Preliminary clinical data prove the suitability of the SAW-CT in patients receiving warfarin, rivaroxaban, or dabigatran. The device could be particularly useful as a point-of-care test to assess whole blood coagulation (e.g., in stroke units or in other emergency settings).
Pathological Clotting and Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with HIV
Authors: Jackson Brandon , Pretorius Etheresia
Published: December 2018

The number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is rapidly increasing and the majority of those infected are living in sub-Saharan Africa. Some hallmarks of HIV are inflammation and upregulation of inflammatory markers. A pathological coagulation system may accompany these inflammatory changes and potentially result in venous thromboembolism such as a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this review, the authors describe the inflammatory profile in HIV, the treatment regimens currently in place in South Africa, and in particular how HIV affects the hematological system, with specific focus on platelets, red blood cells (RBCs; erythrocytes), and fibrin(ogen). They also discuss the presence of DVT in HIV, focus on screening tests, and suggest a more proactive approach to track the inflammatory profile of HIV patients, by specifically using parameters that might point to pathological coagulation; these should involve platelet, RBC, and fibrin(ogen) analysis. They conclude by suggesting that including coagulation function tests to study the effect of treatment interventions would improve outcomes in these individuals, as it could help in the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease. Furthermore, this approach could streamline treatment strategies due to improved monitoring. A better understanding of hypercoagulability of HIV-infected patients is therefore urgently needed. In conclusion, the authors suggest a panel of pathology tests that should be considered as standard procedures when HIV is present.
Antiplatelet Therapy Monitoring in Neonates and Children
Authors: Huang Joanna , Soeharto Diajeng , Damara Ivan , Ignjatovic Vera , Linden Matthew , Monagle Paul
Published: December 2018

Antiplatelet agents are used for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease in an increasingly complex population of pediatric patients. Despite their importance for clinical outcome, there is no consensus on the most effective monitoring strategies. This review describes the current state of knowledge focusing on antiplatelet therapy monitoring in children. The authors searched five databases (PubMed-NCBI, MEDLINE-OVID, SCOPUS-Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane) from January 2000 to October 2017 using keywords selected a priori. Identified articles were sorted according to the antiplatelet agents administered, methods of antiplatelet monitoring, and outcome measures. Twenty studies were included, with 14 cohort studies, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 3 cross-sectional studies. Eleven different antiplatelet monitoring tools were used, with the most common being Light Transmission Aggregometry, Urinary Thromboxane, Thromboelastography with Platelet Mapping, and VerifyNow. In the majority of studies, antiplatelet therapy monitoring was used to describe adequacy or responsiveness to treatment based on laboratory cut-off values, which were not uniform and sourced from adult studies or extrapolated from test manuals. Several studies evaluated monitoring related to clinical outcome or adjusted therapy to reach predefined therapeutic targets. There was no single laboratory method found to be distinctly better for monitoring antiplatelet treatment. Associations between laboratory assays and clinical outcomes or assays and gold standard measurements were highly inconsistent. The current literature lacks consensus on clinical benefits and measurable effects of monitoring antiplatelet therapy in pediatric patients. This review highlights important areas for research required to determine the value of antiplatelet therapy monitoring in children.
Association between Uterine Tachysystole during the Last Hour of Labor and Cord Blood Lactate in Parturients at Term Gestation
Authors: Palanisamy Arvind , Lopez Julia , Frolova Antonina , Macones George , Cahill Alison G.
Published: December 2018

Objective To assess whether uterine tachysystole (UT) in labor causes an increase in cord blood lactate.

Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of all consecutive singleton gestations ≥ 37 weeks admitted for labor to a single tertiary care institution with universal cord gas policy. Patients with UT in the last hour (“always”) were compared with those without UT (“never”). Primary outcome of interest was cord blood lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L. Secondary outcomes included pH ≤ 7.10, base deficit ≥ 8 mmol/L, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk for elevated cord blood lactate after adjusting for maternal age and body mass index.

Results Of the 8,580 patients included in the analysis, 513 experienced UT 1 hour before delivery (5.9%). UT was significantly associated with elevated cord blood lactate in the “always” (33.5%) compared with the “never” group (26%) (adjusted odds ratio 1.47 [1.17, 1.86]; p < 0.01). However, there were no differences in either umbilical arterial pH, base deficit, or NICU admission rates.

Conclusion UT in the last hour preceding delivery increases arterial cord blood lactate suggesting that UT proximate to delivery should be considered as a variable when interpreting cord blood gas values.
Dolor abdominal: causas poco frecuentes
Authors: Paba Mariángela , Hernández Pinzón Jairo , Jeanmaire Esteban , Larrañaga Nebil , Espil Germán , Kozima Shigeru
Published: December 2018

El dolor abdominal es una de las causas más frecuentes de consulta médica, existen algunas causas comunes con una aproximación diagnóstica sencilla; otras causas poco prevalentes representan un reto diagnóstico para el especialista en diagnóstico por imágenes debido a su presentación clínica inespecífica, baja sospecha diagnóstica y escasa frecuencia. Sin embargo, algunas de esas entidades infrecuentes presentan hallazgos característicos en los diferentes métodos de imágenes. En este trabajo, presentamos los hallazgos radiológicos de causas infrecuentes de dolor abdominal que han sido diagnosticadas en nuestra institución en los últimos 10 años.