bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on 4E Model of Successor Competencies in Family Business
Authors: Wang Lixia , Jiang Yuan , Xu Ningning
Published: January 2025

“Son inherits father’s business” remains the predominant mode of intergenerational inheritance within family businesses. The identification and cultivation of successor competencies are particularly crucial for the survival and sustainable development of these enterprises. This paper gathers textual data through a large-scale distribution of open-ended questionnaires, supplemented by in-depth interviews with founders of family businesses. Subsequently, we systematically encode and analyse this textual data using grounded theory. Ultimately, this paper constructs a “4E” competency model for successors, which encompasses four key competency elements: Education, Experience, Exploration and Entrepreneurship.
Dissipative 2D MHD equations with L1 vorticity and magnetic current
Authors: Sammartino M. , Schonbek M. E. , Sciacca V.
Published: January 2025

We consider the two-dimensional (2D) Magneto-HydroDynamics (MHD) equations describing the evolution of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid. In this paper, adopting the vorticity-current formulation and assuming that the initial fluid vorticity and magnetic current are in [Formula: see text], we prove the local in-time existence and regularity of the solutions.
Oscillations in compressible Navier–Stokes and homogenization in phase transition problems
Authors: Tzavaras Athanasios E.
Published: January 2025

In the first part of this paper we present some exact solutions for special hyperbolic-parabolic systems with sustained oscillations induced by the initial data, most notably the compressible Navier–Stokes system with non-monotone pressure. This part complements [A. E. Tzavaras, Sustained oscillations in hyperbolic-parabolic systems, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 248 (2024) 51] where such examples are extensively studied. The second part deals with the problem of homogenization for one-dimensional models describing phase transitions for viscoelastic materials. Ideas from the kinetic formulation of conservation laws are employed to derive effective equations that describe the propagation of oscillations.
Generating Explanations in Medical Question-Answering by Expectation Maximization Inference over Evidence
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Mingxiao , Sileo Damien , Davis Jesse , Moens Marie-Francine
Published: January 2025

Medical Question Answering (medical QA) systems play an essential role in assisting healthcare workers in finding answers to their questions. However, it is not sufficient to merely provide answers by medical QA systems because users might want explanations, that is, more analytic statements in natural language that describe the elements and context that support the answer. To do so, we propose a novel approach for generating natural language explanations for answers predicted by medical QA systems. As high-quality medical explanations require additional medical knowledge, so that our system extract knowledge from medical textbooks to enhance the quality of explanations during the explanation generation process. Concretely, we designed an Expectation-Maximization approach that makes inferences about the evidence found in these texts, offering an efficient way to focus attention on lengthy evidence passages. Experimental results, conducted on two datasets MQAE-diag and MQAE, demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework for reasoning with textual evidence. Our approach outperforms state-of-the-art models, achieving a significant improvement of
6.13
and
5.47
percentage points on the Rouge-L score;
6.49
and
5.28
percentage points on the Bleu-4 score on the MQAE-diag and MQAE datasets.
PALLM: Evaluating and Enhancing

PALL

iative Care Conversations with

L

arge

L

anguage

M

odels
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Yuan Fangxu , LeBaron Virginia , Flickinger Tabor , Barnes Laura E.
Published: January 2025

Effective patient-provider communication is crucial in clinical care, directly impacting patient outcomes and quality of life. Traditional evaluation methods, such as human ratings, patient feedback, and provider self-assessments, are often limited by high costs and scalability issues. Although existing natural language processing (NLP) techniques show promise, they struggle with the nuances of clinical communication and require sensitive clinical data for training, reducing their effectiveness in real-world applications. Emerging large language models (LLMs) offer a new approach to assessing complex communication metrics, with the potential to advance the field through integration into passive sensing and just-in-time intervention systems. This study explores LLMs as evaluators of palliative care communication quality, leveraging their linguistic, in-context learning, and reasoning capabilities. Specifically, using simulated scripts crafted and labeled by healthcare professionals, we test proprietary models (e.g., GPT-4) and fine-tune open-source LLMs (e.g., LLaMA2) with a synthetic dataset generated by GPT-4 to evaluate clinical conversations, to identify key metrics such as ‘understanding’ and ‘empathy’. Our findings demonstrated LLMs’ superior performance in evaluating clinical communication, providing actionable feedback with reasoning, and demonstrating the feasibility and practical viability of developing in-house LLMs. This research highlights LLMs’ potential to enhance patient-provider interactions and lays the groundwork for downstream steps in developing LLM-empowered clinical health systems.
Research on WebAssembly Runtimes: A Survey
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Liu Mugeng , Wang Haoyu , Ma Yun , Huang Gang , Liu Xuanzhe
Published: January 2025

WebAssembly (abbreviated as Wasm) was initially introduced for the Web and quickly extended its reach into various domains beyond the Web. To create Wasm applications, developers can compile high-level programming languages into Wasm binaries or manually write the textual format of Wasm and translate it into Wasm binaries by the toolchain. Regardless of whether it is utilized within or outside the Web, the execution of Wasm binaries is supported by the Wasm runtime. Such a runtime provides a secure, memory-efficient, and sandboxed execution environment to execute Wasm binaries. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of research on Wasm runtimes with
103
collected research papers related to Wasm runtimes following the traditional systematic literature review process. It characterizes existing studies from two different angles, including the internal research of Wasm runtimes (Wasm runtime design, testing, and analysis) and the external research (applying Wasm runtimes to various domains). This paper also proposes future research directions about Wasm runtimes.
The Good, the Bad, and the Monstrous: Predicting Highly Change-Prone Source Code Methods at Their Inception
Authors: Chowdhury Shaiful
Published: January 2025

The cost of software maintenance often surpasses the initial development expenses, making it a significant concern for the software industry. A key strategy for alleviating future maintenance burdens is the early prediction and identification of change-prone code components, which allows for timely optimizations. While prior research has largely concentrated on predicting change-prone files and classes—an approach less favored by practitioners—this paper shifts focus to predicting highly change-prone methods, aligning with the preferences of both practitioners and researchers. We analyzed 774,051 source code methods from 49 prominent open-source Java projects. Our findings reveal that approximately 80% of changes are concentrated in just 20% of the methods, demonstrating the Pareto 80/20 principle. Moreover, this subset of methods is responsible for the majority of the identified bugs in these projects. After establishing their critical role in mitigating software maintenance costs, our study shows that machine learning models can effectively identify these highly change-prone methods from their inception. Additionally, we conducted a thorough manual analysis to uncover common patterns (or concepts) among the more difficult-to-predict methods. These insights can help future research develop new features and enhance prediction accuracy.
Review—Synthesis, Characterization, and Versatile Applications of Metal Oxides and Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Aziz B. , Ghayad Ibrahim M. , El-Taib Heakal Fakiha , El Nashar Rasha M.
Published: January 2025

Metal oxides and mixed metal oxide nanoparticles (MMONPs) have gained significant attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. In this review, the recent advancements in this area will be noted. The diverse synthetic techniques, including thermal deposition, sol-gel deposition, electrodeposition, spin coating, and microwave-assisted synthesis, choice of preparation method and the importance of controlling various synthesis parameters, such as temperature, pH, and precursor concentration, their impact on the prepared metal oxides’ size, shape, and composition will be correlated. A comprehensive overview of various characterization techniques, such as physical and chemical (SEM, EDS, TEM, AFM, DLS, XRD, and XPS), electrochemical (EIS, CV, SECM, and Zeta-potential), thermal (TGA), and optical (FTIR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy), and their crucial role in understanding the structural and morphological properties of the prepared metal oxide materials will be explained. This review also highlights the recent advancements, in the past decade, involving the application of MMONPs in electrolysis, catalysis, fuel cells, environmental remediation, and biosensing applications will be highlighted, as well as, their role as a dimensional stable anode (DSA) for the chlor-alkali industry and electrocatalytic enhance for the electrooxidation reactions in direct liquid fuel cell applications.
Communication—Effect of Ligand Structure on Li-Ion Insertion Kinetics in Ether-Based Solvate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhou Zhi , Takeshita Kousuke , Ishikawa Ryotaro , Ugata Yosuke , Tsuzuki Seiji , Tatara Ryoichi , Dokko Kaoru
Published: January 2025

The charge-transfer kinetics at the interface between LiMn2O4 thin-film electrodes and ether-based concentrated electrolytes were studied. The [Li(triglyme)1][N(SO2CF3)2] electrolyte exhibited higher charge-transfer resistance and activation energy barrier compared to monoglyme and tetrahydrofuran-based concentrated electrolytes. Li salt concentration and viscosity are the primary factors affecting the electrochemical reaction kinetics.
Review—Separators for Rechargeable Alkaline Zinc Batteries: Challenges and Progress
Authors: Chek Yong Wen , Lee Pui Kee , Yu Jia nan , Wang Bin , Ang Desmond Teck-Chye
Published: January 2025

Separator membrane is an essential element within every battery system, having a significant influence on both safety and electrochemical performance. With rejuvenated interest in rechargeable alkaline zinc batteries, such as zinc-air, nickel-zinc (NiZn), and zinc-manganese (Zn-MnO2) batteries, there has been an increased focus on scrutinizing the role of each component in the battery system, including the separator. This scrutiny arises from the realization that separator properties are vital for influencing battery cycle life, discharge capacity, rate capability, and capacity retention. Various types of separators have been thoroughly investigated for their suitability in rechargeable alkaline zinc batteries, including nonwoven, microporous, inorganic, and polymer electrolyte membranes. Primary challenges associated with rechargeable alkaline zinc batteries are zincate ion crossover and dendrite penetration of the separator, both of which are known to adversely affect the battery performance and safety. Significant efforts have been dedicated to modifying conventional membranes, as well as to develop new separators tailored to address the challenges encountered by these battery systems. This review provides comprehensive overview on the challenges in development of alkaline zinc batteries, different types of separators utilized in rechargeable alkaline zinc batteries, and the optimization strategies employed to enhance battery performance.
Detection and Characterization of CMP Pad Debris in Polishing Slurries Using Total Holographic Characterization
Authors: Cheong Fook Chiong , Lumer Juliana , Markus Tiffany , Fischer Gavrielle , Wu Yongneng , Huang Nai-Chieh , Gage Max , Tang Jianshe , Philips Laura A.
Published: January 2025

Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is a critical element in semiconductor manufacturing used to achieve the required nanometer-scale wafer surface planarity. Contaminants in CMP polishing slurries can cause defects and reduce wafer yield. Two contaminant sources are polishing pad debris and agglomerates of nanoparticles from polishing slurries. Both of these cause defects and can be difficult to distinguish. Reliable methods to quantitatively measure and identify contaminants in slurries during CMP processing is an ongoing challenge. This work introduces Total Holographic Characterization® (THC) to detect and identify slurry contaminants in CMP slurries. Most traditional optical techniques currently in use have difficulty detecting particles in optically dense CMP slurries and often resort to extensive dilution. Previous work has shown that THC is effective in detecting and characterizing nanoparticle agglomerates and other contaminants in CMP slurries without the need for dilution. In this study, THC detects and distinguishes pad debris from other contaminants, including native nanoparticle agglomerates, in silica CMP slurries. Agglomerates of nanoparticles have a unique THC signature that can be distinguished from the signal generated by pad debris particles. Identifying the composition of contaminant particles is instrumental to identifying their source and eliminating them to improved yields and decrease manufacturing costs.
Improvement in Environmental Stability and Photoluminescence of CH3NH3PbI3 Film Through Br-doping and Nanoporous GaN Substrate
Authors: Luo Zhe , Duan Yiwei , Jiang Feng
Published: January 2025

As a new type of solar cell material that has attracted much attention, how to improve the environmental stability and photoluminescence property of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials for large-scale commercial applications is a core issue. This work studied the effect of Br-doping and nanoporous GaN substrate on the environmental stability and photoluminescence property of CH3NH3PbI3 film. The nanoporous GaN substrate was prepared by electrochemical etching method. The CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbIxBr3−x films were prepared by the spin coating/CVD method. Then the prepared CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbIxBr3−x films were exposed to the natural environment for different time without any protective measures to investigate the effect of Br doping on the environmental stability of the CH3NH3PbI3 films. The morphology and structure of the two prepared films were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer. The result of X-ray photoelectron spectrometer showed that the I/Br ratio of the CH3NH3PbIxBr3−x film is approximately 2. The results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer showed that Br-doping significantly enhances the anti-degradation ability of the film. The result of photoluminescence spectroscopy showed that both Br-doping and nanoporous GaN substrate can increase the photoluminescence intensity of the CH3NH3PbI3 film.
The Synergistic Inhibitory Effect and DFT Study of SAS60 and TAZ on Copper Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: He Bin , Gao Baohong , Huo Jinxiang , Li Wenhaoyu , He Yue , Wang Jianshu
Published: January 2025

The chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of multi-layer copper wires in giant-scale integrated circuits (GLSI) is one of the crucial processes for advancing microelectronic technology. The inhibitor is an important factor for achieving the planarization of copper wafers, and the addition of surfactant can improve the surface quality, so the combined use of inhibitor and surfactant has been a hot spot of research. In this study, the effect of sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate (SAS60) and 1,2,4-triazole (TAZ) on copper surface when used in combination is analyzed in depth through polishing experiments, electrochemical experiments, contact angle experiments and surface characterization tests. The mechanism of action of SAS60 and TAZ is discussed using density functional theory (DFT) method. The results of the study show that the synergistic use of SAS60 and TAZ can achieve good effects: reduce the polishing rate of copper, improve the wettability, reduce the surface defects, and reduce the surface roughness. Furthermore, it was shown that SAS60 is more readily adsorbed on the copper surface than TAZ, and when TAZ and SAS60 are used in combination, the adsorption layer is denser and more stable, which helps to elucidate the synergistic effect of surfactants and inhibitors at the microscopic level.
Study on the Effect of Polishing Pad on Catalytic Composite Abrasive Clusters Friction Chemical Mechanical Polishing Single Crystal SiC Substrate
Authors: Chang Min , Wang Zhankui , Feng Yipeng , Fan Yihang , Zhao Zhicheng , Yao Yunlong , Chen Jiapeng , Ma Lijie , Su Jianxiu
Published: January 2025

Aiming at the difficulties of low efficiency and high cost during the ultra-precision machining of monocrystalline silicon carbide (SiC) substrates, a new type of UV-cured polishing pad (UV-CPD) for friction chemical mechanical polishing (TCMP) of SiC is proposed. Four different types of modified resin blends were prepared, and four types of UV-CPD were produced by light curing technology. Hardness, elastic modulus, and coefficient of friction were used as evaluation indicators to compare the mechanical properties of UV-CPD with commercial polyurethane polishing pads (CPPD). TCMP experiments were conducted on SiC substrates using laboratory-made catalytic composite abrasive clusters to compare the processing effects of UV-CPD and CPPD-polished SiC substrates as far as material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness. Scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometer were used to test and characterize the materials for wear mechanisms. Experimental results indicated that the MRR of 3#UV-CPD was the highest, with a 46.856% increase compared to CPPD, reaching 333.119 nm min−1. After 1#UV-CPD polishing, the surface roughness of SiC was the lowest, reduced by 15% compared to CPPD, at 50.599 nm. UV-CPD can realize ultra-precision machining of SiC. This study provides a reference for the selection of soft polishing pads and the realization of ultra-precision machining of SiC.
Variation in Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites With Reinforcements From Different Animal Origins—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Antor Ratul Islam , Bithi Asfia Mahbuba , Nahin Ayeman Mazdi
Published: January 2025

Animal‐based fiber‐reinforced polymer composites represent a promising and versatile field of research, characterized by their controllable properties and the emergence of innovative processing techniques. This review comprehensively examines the existing literature to address the critical question, “which animal‐derived fiber, when integrated into a polymer matrix, yields the optimal enhancement in mechanical properties?” This review investigated the interactions between animal fibers and polymeric matrices by focusing on this question, considering factors such as fiber content, length, surface modification, and processing methods. Key findings include the strong mechanical interactions exhibited by chicken feather fibers with polypropylene, polylactic acid, and polyester. Cow hair fibers were found to be compatible with polyester, polypropylene, and low‐density polyethylene. Goat hair fibers demonstrated exceptional mechanical properties when reinforced into linear low‐density polyethylene and polyester. Furthermore, epoxy was particularly suitable for silk and chicken feather fibers. These findings underscore the potential of animal fiber–reinforced polymer composites for a wide range of applications, including automotive, aerospace, sports goods, construction, and energy storage devices, offering a sustainable, environment‐friendly yet mechanically reliable alternative. In a nutshell, the uprising trend of the use of animal origin reinforcements in polymer composites is addressed in this review.
Nonlinear Autoregressive Model for Stability and Prediction
Authors: Ahmad Salim M. , Youns Anas S. , Hamdi Manal S.
Published: January 2025

A proposed nonlinear autoregressive model was employed to predict daily new COVID‐19 infections in Iraq. This model was applied to actual COVID‐19 data from 3 months in 2022 and met the stability criteria set by the proposed nonlinear regression model, based on a model developed by Japanese scientist Ozaki. The primary objective of the article was to examine the stability of this proposed nonlinear time series model, aimed at assessing the model’s stability and determining its stability conditions. To achieve this, the article applied Ozaki’s method to convert the nonlinear model, which depends on a singular point, into a linear model that fulfills the stability conditions required for the study. The approximation method helped identify the singular point, its stability conditions, and the limit cycle of the proposed model. The article also presented numerical case studies that satisfied the mathematical criteria for finding the singular point and its stability conditions. The findings indicated that such numerical case studies meeting stability conditions exist when the nonlinear function is decreasing, as illustrated in both Ozaki’s model and the proposed model. The proposed model was applied to COVID‐19 data from Iraq over a 3‐month period in 2022. This data was transformed into a stable form, and a Python program used the converted real data and proposed model to estimate the real parameters of the first‐order model, fulfilling the established stability conditions and forecasting future new cases of the disease, which was the research’s main goal. The statistical criteria used in the fifth paragraph of the research are the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and normalized Bayesian information criterion (NBIC).
Reproductive and Hormonal Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium
Authors: Kazmi Sayada Zartasha , Shin Aesun , Abe Sarah K. , Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Md Shafiur , Saito Eiko , Cho Sooyoung , Katagiri Ryoko , Merritt Melissa A. , Choi Ji-Yeob , Shu Xiao-Ou , Sawada Norie , Tamakoshi Akiko , Sakata Ritsu , Hozawa Atsushi , Kanemura Seiki , Kim Jeongseon , Sugawara Yumi , Park Sue K. , Cai Hui , Tsugane Shoichiro , Kimura Takashi , Ahsan Habibul , Boffetta Paolo , Chia Kee Seng , Matsuo Keitaro , Qiao You-Lin , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee
Published: January 2025

Given the female predominance of thyroid cancer, particularly in the reproductive age range, female sex hormones have been proposed as an etiology; however, previous epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results. We conducted a pooled analysis using individual data from nine prospective cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium to explore the association between 10 female reproductive and hormonal factors and thyroid cancer risk. Using Cox proportional hazards models, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and then pooled using a random-effects model. Analyses were stratified by country, birth years, smoking status, and body mass index, and thyroid cancer risk based on age of diagnosis was also examined. Among 259,649 women followed up for a mean of 17.2 years, 1,353 incident thyroid cancer cases were identified, with 88% (n = 1,140) being papillary thyroid cancer. Older age at first delivery (≥26 vs. 21–25 years) was associated with increased thyroid cancer risk (P-trend = 0.003; HR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.31), particularly when diagnosed later in life (≥55 vs. < 55 years; P-trend = 0.003; HR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02–1.39). Among younger birth cohorts, women with more number of deliveries showed an increased thyroid cancer risk [P-trend = 0.0001, HR = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.12–5.18 (≥5 vs. 1–2 children)], and there was no substantial trend in older cohorts. Distinct patterns were observed for the number of deliveries and thyroid cancer risk across countries, with a significant positive association for Korea [P-trend = 0.0008, HR = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.21–2.94 (≥5 vs. 1–2 children)] and nonsignificant inverse associations for China and Japan. Contextual and macrosocial changes in reproductive factors in Asian countries may influence thyroid cancer risk.

Prevention Relevance: This analysis of prospective cohort studies across three Asian countries highlights that older age at first birth is linked to increased thyroid cancer risk. As women delay motherhood, understanding these trends is vital for public health strategies addressing reproductive factors influencing thyroid cancer risk in these populations.
Screening for and treatment of bacterial vaginosis reduced preterm delivery in high-risk pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yefet Enav , Mirin Dalit , Massalha Manal , Alter Adi , Nachum Zohar
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a risk factor for preterm delivery. Yet, previous studies have found BV treatment ineffective in preventing preterm delivery in unselected population. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of BV screening and treatment in reducing the rate of preterm deliveries before 37 weeks in high-risk women.
Material and methods
Embase, PubMed, Ovid-Medline, and Web of Science were searched. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated antibiotic treatment for BV versus no treatment/placebo were included. The primary outcome was the rate of preterm delivery and/or late miscarriages in pregnant women with a history of preterm delivery. The pooled relative risks (with 95% CI) were estimated. The Cochrane’s Q test of heterogeneity and I² were used to assess heterogeneity. In total, 4701 papers were retrieved of which seven met inclusion criteria and were analyzed.
Results
Among the participating women, 738 were at high risk for preterm delivery and included in the analysis. Among them, 397 and 341 women received active or placebo treatment, respectively. The included studies had a low risk of bias. In six out of seven studies, the risk factor for preterm delivery was a previous preterm delivery. One study (N=16) was excluded from the analysis since no group had preterm deliveries. Treatment for BV in high-risk women reduced the rate of preterm deliveries (pooled RR with 95% CI 0.65 [0.44-0.98[. The protective effect of BV treatment was statistically significant in women treated with clindamycin, and when treatment was started after 20 gestational weeks.
Conclusion
Screening for and treatment of BV may be effective in preventing preterm delivery in high risk pregnant women. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
Trial registration: This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020162621).
СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ АПТЕЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ДО ПОБУДОВИ ТРИВАЛИХ СТОСУНКІВ ЗІ СПОЖИВАЧАМИ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ТА ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ
Authors: Tkachenko N. O. , Zarichna T. P. , Mahanova T. V. , Chervonenko N. M.
Published: January 2025

Мета роботи – аналіз сучасних підходів аптечних мереж до побудови тривалих стосунків зі споживачами фармацевтичної продукції задля визначення можливих шляхів покращення фармацевтичної допомоги у період воєнного стану та післявоєнний період.
Матеріали і методи:  публікації вітчизняних та закордонних науковців з досліджуваного питання, офіційні web-сторінки найбільших аптечних мереж України та регіонального рівня, результати анкетування відвідувачів аптек. У роботі застосували методи інформаційного пошуку, критичного та порівняльного аналізу, опитування, дедукції та індукції, узагальнення й інтерпретації результатів.
Результати й обговорення. Проаналізовано існуючі сучасні програми лояльності (програми турботи) найбільших вітчизняних аптечних мереж, фармацевтичних підприємств-виробників та фармацевтичних підприємств-дистрибуторів. З’ясовано, що усі аналізовані програми є дуже схожими між собою і не впливають на задоволеність споживачів та не допомагають аптечним мережам будувати тривалі стосунки зі споживачами фармацевтичної продукції.
Висновки. Проведено бібліографічний аналіз зростання ролі фармацевта у сфері збереження здоров’я населення, що є провідним у формуванні нових бізнес-моделей у роботі зі споживачами фармацевтичної продукції.
На підставі опитування відвідувачів аптек м. Жовті Води та м. Запоріжжя визначено, що найбільш значущими факторами задоволеності споживачів під час надання фармацевтичної допомоги в умовах війни є широкий асортимент, прийнятні ціни та високий рівень обслуговування. Серед вагомих факторів впливу на лояльність пацієнтів до персоналу аптек - доброзичливість, професійна грамотність, вміння спілкуватись і розуміти проблему.
Проведені дослідження актуалізували необхідність пошуку шляхів розв'язання проблем, які дотичні до бізнес-моделей аптечних мереж з формування лояльності, як то забезпечення мережевих аптек кваліфікованими фармацевтичними фахівцями, високий рівень плинності кадрів в аптечному сегменті фармацевтичного ринку, розробка та впровадження фармацевтичної послуги.
ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНА ДОПОМОГА ПАЦІЄНТАМ З ІШЕМІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ СЕРЦЯ: СТАН, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Bilousova N. A.
Published: January 2025

Мета роботи - дослідження стану надання фармацевтичної допомоги пацієнтам, хворим на ішемічну хворобу серця з коморбідними станами з урахуванням міжпрофесійних підходів для подальшої розробки стратегії реалізації мультидисциплінарних підходів у командній взаємодії лікарів, фармацевтів та пацієнтів.
Матеріали та методи. Наводяться результати анонімного онлайн-опитування фармацевтів аптек (n=110) з приводу дотримання протоколів фармацевтів та з’ясування стану надання фармацевтичної допомоги та залученості до міжпрофесійної взаємодії з учасниками лікувального процесу, клінічні рекомендації ESC/AHA, інформаційно-наукові бази Scopus, Web of science, Cochrane library, PubMed, міжнародні та вітчизняні документи нормативно-правового поля. У роботі використано методи порівняльного аналізу, узагальнення, дедукції та індукції, систематизації, прогнозування.
Результати та обговорення. Задокументовано індивідуалізовані підходи до надання пацієнтам з ішемічною хворобою серця фармацевтичної допомоги шляхом активного діалогу. Визначено необхідність додаткового нормативного регулювання  пацієнт-орієнтованого командного підходу та вдосконалення компетенцій фармацевтів в процесі безперервного професійного розвитку.
Висновки. Міжпрофесійна взаємодія між лікарями та фармацевтами відбувається переважно між фармацевтами аптечних закладів комунальної власності та закладів охорони здоров'я. Фармацевти мережевих аптечних закладів не завжди долучаються до надання фармацевтичної допомоги.
СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ БІОЛОГІЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ 5-ІНДОЛІДЕНРОДАНІНІВ
Authors: Fedusevych O.-M. V. , Lozynskyi A. V. , Konechnyi Y. T. , Yushyn I. M. , Ivasechko I. I. , Roman O. M. , Tymechko I. R. , Lesyk R. B.
Published: January 2025

Мета - здійснити синтез 5-іноліденроданінів та дослідити їх протипухлинну активність та цитотоксичність.
Матеріали і методи. Протягом дослідження використали методи органічного синтезу, виконали фізико-хімічний аналіз синтезованих сполук. Протимікробну активність було проведено методом дифузї в агар. Оцінку цитотоксичності  проведено на основі даних MTT аналізу.
Результати й обговорення. У результаті скринінгу протимікробної активності було ідентифіковано сполуки із помітним впливом на грампозитивні штами мікроорганізмів, зокрема стафілококи, які утворюють біоплівки (МІК 0,93 mM). Досліджувані сполуки володіли низькою цитотоксичністю на пухлинні та нормальні та псевдонормальні клітинні лінії.
Висновки. Результати свідчать про наявність помітної протимікробної активності похідних роданіну з індольним фрагментом у молекулах, що обґрунтовує перспективу поглибленого дослідження даного класу сполук.
Early Neurologic Deterioration and Efficacy of Dual Antiplatelet in Anterior Versus Posterior Circulation Stroke
Authors: Cui Yu , Wang Yi‐Han , Kong Xiang‐Ru , Chen Hui‐Sheng
Published: January 2025

Background

Anterior circulation stroke (ACS) differs from posterior circulation stroke (PCS) in several aspects. We hypothesize that the risk of early neurologic deterioration (END) and its responses to clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone may be different between stroke territories.

Methods and Results

This was a prespecified post hoc analysis of ATAMIS (Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Mild to Moderate Ischemic Stroke) trial and included patients with definite infarct location who were classified into ACS and PCS according to stroke territory. Primary outcome was occurrence of END at 7 days, defined as ≥2‐point increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score compared with baseline. We compared the treatment effects of clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in each stroke territory. From 3000 patients, 2431 eligible patients (1780 with ACS [910 assigned into clopidogrel plus aspirin and 870 assigned into aspirin alone] and 651 with PCS [371 assigned into clopidogrel plus aspirin and 280 assigned into aspirin alone]) were included. Median age was 66 years and 35.1% were women. The occurrence of END was higher in ACS than PCS (6.8% versus 3.8%,
P
=0.007). clopidogrel plus aspirin was associated with lower risk of END in ACS (risk difference [95% CI]: −2.4% [−4.1% to −0.8%],
P
=0.004), but not in PCS (risk difference [95% CI]: −0.6% [−2.7% to 1.5%],
P
=0.57). No significant interaction was found (
P
=0.69).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated END was higher in acute mild‐to‐moderate ischemic stroke with anterior circulation, who derived more benefit from clopidogrel plus aspirin than aspirin alone.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02869009.
Association of Circulating Phenylacetylglutamine With Multi‐Vessel Coronary Disease Severity and Outcomes in ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhao Peng , Dong Nana , Wang Yan , Zhao Suhong , Tian Yanan , Qin Zhifeng , Ban Xiaofang , Han Feiyuan , Meng Li , Yang Fan , Wang Yidan , Wu Yunfei , Yu Zhongzhi , Xu Qinglu , Li Xinyue , Li Shuo , Liu Huibin , Fang Shaohong , Xie Wanqing , Yu Bo , Liu Xinxin , Tian Jinwei
Published: January 2025

Background

There is a lack of evidence regarding the association between plasma phenylacetylglutamine levels and lesion severity and clinical prognosis in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with multivessel coronary disease (MVCD). This study aims to investigate the potential of phenylacetylglutamine as a biomarker for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) of patients with STEMI and MVCD.

Methods and Results

Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 631 patients with STEMI and MVCD, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Quantitative coronary angiography analysis was performed using the QAngio XA 7.3 system. Plasma phenylacetylglutamine concentrations were measured by rapid resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Among a total of 631 patients, median plasma phenylacetylglutamine level was 3.8 (2.1–6.8) μmol/L and the cumulative MACE rate at follow‐up was 12%. Plasma phenylacetylglutamine levels of patients with MACE were significantly higher than patients without MACE. We employed restricted cubic spline, Kaplan–Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazard models to explore the association between plasma phenylacetylglutamine and prognosis of patients with STEMI and MVCD. Per SD, an increment in phenylacetylglutamine was associated with a 24% higher risk of complexity lesion. Higher phenylacetylglutamine level was an independent predictor of MACEs (hazard ratio [HR], 2.76 [95% CI, 1.62–4.72]). A novel prognostic scoring system was established by combining phenylacetylglutamine levels with the synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and cardiac surgery score, with higher scores significantly increasing the risk of MACEs (HR, 4.01 [95% CI, 2.04–7.89]).

Conclusions

Phenylacetylglutamine levels were associated with lesion complexity and prognosis, may serve as a novel biomarker in patients with STEMI and MVCD.
A Note on the Indelible
Authors: Fischer Newell
Published: January 2025

An eighty-year-old man reports a recurrent nightmare involving a gummy substance being stuffed into his mouth and, despite his anxiety-driven efforts, being unable to remove it. A narrative of his neonatal years is developed and it is speculated that this nightmare is a rekindling of his very distressful breast feeding experience—an experience memorialized in his earliest pre-representational memory. Rich clinical reports of preverbal infant trauma help elucidate the earliest infant-mother dyad.
Examining the Utility of Lateral Neck X-Rays in Pediatric Otolaryngology
Authors: Marker Madeline , Meyer Cassandra , Chinnadurai Sivakumar , Redmann Andrew , Roby Brianne Barnett
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The utility of lateral neck X-rays is unclear in pediatric otolaryngology. Past research showed that lateral neck X-ray did not change treatment decisions for children with suspected foreign body aspiration. This study examines the utility of lateral neck X-ray for patients also receiving otolaryngology consults for any indication.

Methods:

This is a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients between 2012 and 2022 who received a lateral neck X-ray for any indication and an otolaryngology consultation at a tertiary pediatric hospital. X-ray indication, diagnosis, and influence on interventional decisions were recorded from chart review.

Results:

Of patients who received lateral neck X-rays, 494 patients (8.17%) also had an otolaryngology consult. Average patient age was 3.15 years. The most common indications for X-ray were foreign body aspiration (22%), croup (21%), breathing difficulties (20%), abscess or retropharyngeal infection (7%), and upper airway obstruction (5%). Lateral neck X-ray changed the Otolaryngologist’s decision in 15% of patients. Intervention occurred in 25% of Otolaryngology consults, and this decision was never based on the X-ray.

Conclusion:

Lateral neck X-ray is unlikely to change Otolaryngology management. It is least indicated in patients presenting with concern of abscess and foreign body aspiration. Consultation with Otolaryngology before ordering diagnostic testing for those presenting with breathing difficulties, croup and upper airway obstruction may have cost savings and prevent unnecessary radiation exposure.
Local Adaptive Fusion Regression (LAFR) for Local Linear Multivariate Calibration: Application to Large Datasets
Authors: Spiers Robert , Kalivas John H.
Published: January 2025

Impeding linear calibration models from accurately predicting target sample analyte amounts are the target sample-wise deviations in measurement profiles (e.g., spectra) relative to calibration samples. Target sample measurement shifts are due to uncontrollable factors, compositely termed matrix effects, such as temperature, instrument drift, and sample composition divergences relative to analyte and other species amounts altering inter and intramolecular interactions. One approach to circumvent the matrix effect matching problem is to use local modeling where a library with thousands of samples and respective reference analyte values is mined for unique calibration sets matched to each target sample, including analyte amounts between calibration and target samples. Current local modeling methods suffer because it is wrongly assumed similar measurements between calibration and target samples translate to a complete locally matched calibration set. Measurements can be similar, but the underlying matrix effects (and analyte amount) can be drastically different. The presented procedure named local adaptive fusion regression (LAFR) solves this matrix effect matching problem with crucial local modeling paradigm shifts. Expertise with LAFR is unnecessary because input hyperparameters are self-optimized. The capabilities of LAFR to form highly dense localized linear calibration sets matched to target samples spectrally and analyte amounts are verified using a well-studied nonlinear benchmark near-infrared (NIR) meat dataset, a NIR sugarcane dataset covering four major process steps with multiple subgroups within, and a NIR soil database of 98 910 samples spanning the contiguous USA. While LAFR is tested on NIR datasets, it is applicable to other measurement systems affected by matrix effects in a broad sense.
The lightness of the caterpillar: A research project against gender bias
Authors: Cammarata Valeria , Spalanca Lavinia
Published: January 2025

The project entitled Narr-Lab. La narrazione del sé come strumento di prevenzione della violenza di genere was born at the end of 2023. A research group from the University of Palermo has been set up with the aim of promoting in the students a greater awareness of themselves and others in the field of interpersonal relationships, in order to counter gender stereotypes and prevent sexual discrimination, following an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of psychology, pedagogy, literature and gender studies. The following is the detailed report of this activity.
Worker cooperative ‘regeneration’: Insights from the Brazilian Landless Rural Workers Movement
Authors: Garcia Reece , McLachlan Christopher J
Published: January 2025

The degeneration thesis posits that worker cooperatives fail commercially or renege on their democratic governance when operating within free-market neoliberalism. Whilst the inevitability of degeneration has been challenged, there remain limited in-depth empirical examinations of where cooperatives have shown a capacity to ‘regenerate’. This article draws on participatory action research in cooperatives within a Brazilian social movement to contribute novel empirical insights into cooperative regeneration. In doing so, we develop an analytical framework that facilitates an understanding of what constitutes the cooperative regeneration process. Informed by extant literature and reflected in our findings, we identify four dynamically interacting criteria: the preservation of democratic member control; the renewal of collaborative forms of work organisation; a continued conferment of equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities; and a sustained commitment and reflexivity to cooperative ideals and goals. Our findings illustrate the practices and governance structures that underpin these criteria, enabling cooperatives to preserve direct and participatory democratic member control under the omnipresent threat of capitalist imperatives, and thus effectively combat cooperative degeneration.
Victimisation in other- and self-directed violence as a function of ethnicity and primary diagnosis among inpatients with serious mental illness
Authors: Bruce Matt , Bennett Erica , Bernard Zara
Published: January 2025

Background:

Among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), victimisation has been found to increase the risk of engaging in other- and self-directed violence. However, rates of victimisation within this population have been found to vary by ethnic group and primary diagnosis.

Aims:

This study primarily aimed to examine the relationship between victimisation and other- and self-directed violence among a sample of inpatients with SMI during the first 3 months of admission. The role of ethnicity and primary diagnosis were also explored.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study utilised data from South London and Maudsley’s (SLaM) anonymised database. Participants ( n = 7,265) were aged over 18 upon admission, of White British, Black African, Black Caribbean or Asian ethnicity and had a primary diagnosis of major mood disorder, mania or psychosis.

Results:

Among a sample of inpatients with SMI, victimisation increased the risk of other-directed violence but not self-directed violence. While Black African ethnicity was associated with an increased risk of other-directed violence, all minority ethnic groups had a decreased risk of self-directed violence compared to White British ethnicity. Those with a primary diagnosis of mania or psychosis were observed to be at increased risk of other-directed violence and decreased risk of self-directed violence compared to those with a major mood disorder.

Conclusions:

Inpatients with SMI who have experienced victimisation are at an increased risk of engaging in other-directed violence during the first 3 months of admission.
‘As Thick as Thieves’: Social Media Celebration of the Bulawayo Ecobank Robbers as Vicarious Dissent
Authors: Maseko Busani
Published: January 2025

This paper examines how dominant discourses celebrating the Bulawayo Ecobank robbery on the ‘ 4 Million Heist updates’ WhatsApp group are an expression of vicarious dissent. It draws on Eric Hobsbawm’s Social Banditry framework and the concept of vicarious dissent to reveal how the endorsement and support for the robbers underscores citizens’ anger and frustration over the state’s complicity in the prevailing social, political and economic hardships. These are punctuated by low salaries, the cash crisis, weak institutions and state-enabled corruption. This form of digital protest signals a broader demand for justice and the government’s accountability in addressing hardships facing Zimbabwe.
A Comparative Analysis of Indian and Chinese Women’s Attitudes Toward Family, Childbearing, and Gender Norms
Authors: Zhou Jinchun
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the attitudes of Indian women toward family, childbearing, work outside the home, and proscribed gender norms, comparing them to women in China. The paper compares the two countries, noting that while they have experienced similar fertility declines, India has much lower female labor force participation rates. The paper explores the historical and cultural factors that influence these differences, including the legacy of socialist policies in China and the persistence of traditional gender roles in both countries. The research uses data from several waves of the World Values Survey to analyze women’s beliefs and values, comparing them across demographics and exploring the relationship between these attitudes and individual characteristics. The paper ultimately aims to understand the drivers of these differences and their implications for gender equality and social development in both countries.
Retrospective descriptive report comparing access systems to refine intravenous self-administration in rats
Authors: Lozeman-van ’t Klooster José G , Lesscher Heidi MB
Published: January 2025

For operant self-administration, permanent intravenous cannulas need to remain open and operational for months without infections or blockages. Here, we report retrospectively on our experiences and observations using different access systems during three studies. We identified a refined method for vena jugularis cannulation that is a vast improvement for the animals, biotechnicians and researchers. A closed and membrane-sealed system equipped with a magnet in the backmount was easy to use, allowed quick (dis)connection, caused no more than 10% of the animals a little irritation and superficial infection (softer patch), prevented clogging (closed system) and allowed for social housing (metal cap).