bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of an Administrative System for High Risk Operations-Take a Science Park as an Example
Authors: Lee Chao Fu , Hsu Kuang Hua , Lee Li Hua
Published: October 2014

Since the establishment of science park in Taiwan, the production categories of stationed plants are diversified and most of their operations are in the high risk field. Due to various production categories, the disaster preventions for high risk operations are variable, some are difficult and some are easy.Thus, it makes the disaster preventions difficult in the science park; it needs desperately the stationed factories to carry out a systematic, automatic and strict control method to indeed prevent disasters. It is also the highest standard for the plant operations to achieve a construction worry-free working site but it is still the target for the stationed factories on the science park to work on placing the work safety in the standard operation procedure. Based upon the administration circulation concept, this study proposed the administrative system for the high risk operations to be used on the science park, and this system is divided into four stages which include plan, execution, examination, and correction. Moreover, it also takes a science park as an example to exhibit the execution result of this system which could be referred to by other science parkin performing the administration of high risk operations.
Degradation of Rhodamine B by Highly Efficient Photocatalyst TiO2-Ag/Ag+ under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Yang Ying Nan , Zhu Qi , Li Da Wei , Hu Xiao Hong
Published: October 2014

nanosized Ag/Ag3PO4 doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) particulates (TiO2-Ag/Ag3PO4) were synthesized by sol-gel process. TiO2-Ag/Ag3PO4 was used to coat on the glass tubes interfaces to investigate the photocatalytic effect against Rhodamine B under simulated solar light. The calcination temperature and time, number of coating layers, dopant ratio of Ag was optimized. It is noted that the photocatalytic effect under simulated solar was 99.8% only for 60min, which is much higher than pure TiO2. The hybrid material was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), SEM and UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis). By the result, it is noticed that pure Ag and Ag3PO4 particles were combined with TiO2 nanoparticles, and TiO2-Ag/Ag3PO4 thin film exhibited significantly better photocatalytic effect due to its narrow band gap energy (2.26 eV) and higher visible light absorbing ability. The stability of TiO2-Ag/Ag3PO4 material was also investigated.
Synthesis of 3-tert-butylaniline by Using Hydrodechlorination Technology
Authors: Li Chong Long
Published: October 2014

Catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) is an innovative means of transforming chlorinated waste streams into a recyclable product. Hydrodehalogenation of 4-tert-butyl-1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene over Raney nickel catalyst has been investigated. The influence of different parameters, such as reaction solution, bases type, temperature and pressure are explored. Using Raney nickel as catalyst, methanol and water (v: v=4:1) as the reaction solution, ammonium acetate as the addictive, the ratio of ammonium acetate and 4-tert-butyl-1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene is 1:1, temperature 140 °C and pressure 3.0 Mpa, the highest efficiency can be achieved on hydride-chlorination of 4-tert-butyl-1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene. We find that a rather high catalytic activity can be retained by adding water.
Comparison of the Determination Methods for the Calcium Sulfate Content in Phosphogypsum
Authors: Qin Ling , Luo Kang Bi , Li Hu Ping , Zhao Xin Ju
Published: October 2014

Phosphogypsum is a kind of by-product of the phosphate fertilizer production process, mostly in the form of CaSO4·2H2O, the analytical determination of the content of the main component is the basis for the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum. This paper introduces three analytic procedure to determinate the content of crystal water, SO42-, Ca2+ to calculate the CaSO4 content of phosphogypsum, through a comparison between the results of three methods, we can conclude that granularity of phosphogypsum has the smallest influence on the crystal water determination method, but only applicable to determination of gypsum containing crystal water in single phase. However, the measure of SO42-, Ca2+ is not restricted by the phosphogypsum phase, but influenced by the particle size. SO42- determination operation is relatively simple and easy to control, reversely, Ca2+ determination operation is complex and hard to control.
Two-Step Catalytic Pyrolysis of Corn Stover in a Dual Bed Reactor
Authors: Zhong Zhao Ping , Song Zu Wei , Zhang Bo , Liu Zhi Chao , Xue Ze Yu
Published: October 2014

Experiments on the catalytic pyrolysis of corn stover and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors were conducted in a tubular fixed-bed reactor. The influence of reaction temperature, pyrolysis catalysts, dosage of pyrolysis catalysts and dosage of reforming catalysts were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of reaction temperature, the oil and char yields decreased and the gas yield increased. The highest-quality bio-oil was achieved at the reaction temperature of 400 °C, and dolomite showed a best performance on the biomass pyrolysis compared to other catalysts. Besides, When the dosage of pyrolysis catalyst was 1 g, the relative content of aromatic was 43.92 wt% and the relative content of acids was 47.58 wt%, and when the dosage of reforming catalyst was 2 g, the relative content of aromatic was 34.1 wt% and the relative content of acids was 58.7 wt%.
Preparation of Polystyrene / Fe3O4 Magnetic Composite Microspheres
Authors: Yin Rong , Zhao Ji Li , Wang Yan Ru , Zou Xian Zhi
Published: October 2014

Polystyrene/Fe3O4 composite microspheres were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. The composite microspheres comprised of polystyrene core and magnetite nanoparticles as shell. Magnetite is modified with silane coupling to modify strong hydrophilic property, for a function of co-stabilizer. Acrylic acid as a co-monomer was employed to link polymer with magnetite nanoparticles. The microspheres were homogeneous distribution, The thickness of the shell was from10nm to 25nm. The morphology and structure of the composite microspheres were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, XRD, TG and XPS et al. The Effects of co-monomer, auxiliary emulsifier, emulsifier on the composite microspheres have been discussed.
The Thermodynamic Characterization in Cs-I-O Reaction
Authors: Chen Chien Chon , Chu Chun Mei , Wang Chuan Ju , Huang Ker Jer , Lin Jin Shyong
Published: October 2014

Base on the thermodynamic calculation, CsI (s) does not decompose to Cs (s) and I (s) at 600°C, either does not from I2(g), CsO(g), CsO2(g), Cs2O(g), and Cs2O3(g). However during the experiment when CsI(s) is heated above to 200 °C at 1 atm the purple vapor can clearly be obviated. The vapor should be I2(g). It is because the incomplete boing of I- which in the CsI compound is evaporation. In this paper, we are interesting in CsI properties during heating and calculation the Cs-I-O thermodynamic characterizations by the thermodynamic data books.
Study of Performance and Synthesis of Et3NHC1-AlC13
Authors: Zhang Li Ming , Hu Hai Yan
Published: October 2014

This thesis is focused on the catalyst of ionic liquids. Firstly, chloroaluminate ionic liquid consisting of triethylaminia hydrochloride and anhydrous A1C13 was prepared, and its catalytic performance on the alkylation of benzene with 1-bromobutane was studied experimentally. The composition of the system was analyzed using gas chromatogram. The effect of such influencing factors were investigated as the constitute of ionic liquid,the dosage of catalyst, the mole ratio of benzene to 1-bromobutane, temperature,reaction time,the regeneration approach of the used ionic liquid catalyst. The results suggested that it helps to increase the conversion of propylene and the selectivity of 1-butylbenzene by increasing the mole fraction of AlCl3 in the ionic liquid, the amount of catalyst, the mole ratio of benzene to 1-butylbenzene, reaction time and by reducing reaction temperature. At optimal conditions of 66.7% of mole fraction of AlCl3 in the ionic liquid, l0wt% of catalyst with respect to benzene, 10:1 of mole ratio of benzene to 1-bromobutane and 313 .15K, both conversion of 1-bromobutane and selectivity of butylbenzene can reach 96.6% in 20 minutes. The activity of the catalyst can be basically remained after eight times reused. For the used ionic liquid, its catalytic activity can be partially recovered via adding some extra AlCl3 notwithstanding less satisfactory. The catalyst performance of ionic liquids on the esterification of ethanol with ethanonic acid was studied.
Synthesis of Bromoalkanols under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Teng , Zheng Fu Ping , Xu Xiao Hui , Huang Cheng , Liu Yu Ping , Sun Bao Guo
Published: October 2014

A novel synthesis method of bromoalkanol at high selectivity from the monobromination of diol with aqueous HBr (48%) in toluene under microwave irradiation was reported in this paper. Based on orthogonal tests results, 10-bromo-1-decanol was synthesized in 53.5% yield and at 95.2% selectivity. Other six bromoalkanols were synthesized according to the above method in 40.9%-78.7% yield and at 90.5%-96.6% selectivity, which were as follows: 8-bromo-1-octanol, 9-bromo-1-nonanol, 11-bromo-1-undecanol, 12-bromo-1-dodecanol, 13-bromo-1-tridecanol and 14-bromo-1-tetradecanol.
Electrochemical Characteristics of TiAl Coating on Aluminum Alloy Surface by Supersonic Particles Deposition
Authors: Zhu Sheng , Han Guo Feng , Wang Xiao Ming , Liu Yu Xiang , Wang Zhi Qian
Published: October 2014

In this study, Ti-45Al-7Nb-4V alloy protective coating which base on γ-TiAl phase was deposited on the surface of 5803 aluminum alloy by supersonic particles deposition technology. Researchers observed the micro-structure of the TiAl alloy casting and coating by SEM, and researched the electrochemical characteristics and the galvanic corrosion between TA2 titanium alloy and 5083 aluminum alloy or TiAl alloy casting and coating by electrochemical work station. The results show that,the galvanic corrosion current between 5083 aluminium alloy and TA2 titanium alloy declines from 16.2μA to 0.27μA after TiAl protecting coatings are prepared on the substrates, besides, the corrosion susceptibility drops from E degree to A degree. It also manifests that the 5083 aluminium alloy with Ti-45Al-7Nb-4V coatings can be contacted and utilized with TA2 titanium alloy directly, which tackles the issues of gavanic corrosion prevention between aluminium alloys and titanium alloys.
Investigation on the Discharge Behaviors of AZ31 and AZ61 Magnesium Alloys as Anode Material of Metal-Air Fuel Cells
Authors: Xiong Zhong Ping , Si Yu Jun , Feng Xue Song , Li Min Jiao
Published: October 2014

AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloys were discharged in 1.2mol·L-1 MgSO4 solution to investigate their performances as anode fuel material in metal-air fuel cells. The results show that aluminum in alloys takes part in the discharge process and forms the colloid of Al (OH)3. The Al (OH)3 facilitates Mg (OH)2 dropping from the surface of alloy electrode, which results in the more negative and stable discharging potential of AZ61 alloy than AZ31 alloy. The discharge efficiency of AZ31 alloy is less than AZ61 alloy because of the more server negative difference effect of AZ31 alloy.
Selective Oxidation of Corn Starch in TEMPO-Mediated System
Authors: Hu Yan Fang , Zhang Xiao Dong , Nie Zhao Guang , Xing Ya Cheng , Lin Bo Qun , Song Li Li
Published: October 2014

With TEMPO-NaClO-NaBr as the selective oxidation system, the oxidized corn starch was prepared from the corn starch, substituting traditional pre-gelatinized corn starch. The relationship of the carboxyl mass fraction of the oxidized starch and the dosage of oxidant was studied under the conditions such as: the mass of the corn starch was 5.0g, the pH was 10.00, the reaction temperature was 20 °C. The structure of the oxidized corn starch was characterized by IR. The results showed that when the consumption of NaClO was 67.5 mL, the reaction time was 2.5 h, the carboxyl of oxidized starch can reach 10.60%.
A Selective Plugging Agent for Horizontal Wells
Authors: Zhu Xiao Ming , Ge Ji Jiang , Zhang Gui Cai , Jiang Ping , Zhang Lei , Chen Li Feng
Published: October 2014

The horizontal well suffers from serious water influx problems, so the development of efficient selective blocking agent becomes more and more important for water shutoff treatment in horizontal wells. In this paper, a novel selective water-blocking agent, emulsified asphalt, was used to solve the water production problem. For the emulsified asphalt, its rheological property, particle size distribution, stability and plugging capacity were discussed. The experimental results were as follows: The viscosity of emulsified asphalt was very low, and the frequency distribution of emulsified droplets with the size less than 3μm exceeded 80%. The emulsified asphalt had strong stability, keeping stable for at least 150 days. The heterogeneity of the reservoir was reduced significantly resulting from the plugging of the emulsified asphalt. Steam injection experiment showed that the blocking agent could also be used as a steam channel blocking agent in heavy oil thermal recovery wells. Hence, the emulsified asphalt was suitable to be used as blocking agent in horizontal wells and thermal recovery ones.
Simulation of TL Mechanisms in Materials with Using Fractal Rate Kinetics
Authors: Weinstein I.A. , Evsegneev O.A.
Published: October 2014

The thermoluminescence glow curves were simulated in terms of the fractal rate kinetics. It was analyzed how effective spectral dimensions of systems of traps and recombination centers influenced geometrical parameters of peaks. It was shown that high values of the form-factors could be interpreted in fractional kinetics terms taking into account an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of defects in material.
Degradation Behavior of CFB Fly Ash Filled Unsaturated Polyester Composites under Acidic Environment
Authors: Tumolva Terence P. , Apayla Roselle Andrea , Dolor Anna Marie
Published: October 2014

In this study, the degradation behavior of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) fly ash reinforced unsaturated polyester composites at different loadings of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% CFB fly ash were observed at different temperatures of 30°C, 50°C, and 80°C under acidic environment. The mass uptakes of the samples were recorded at specified time intervals to determine the effects of fly ash content and temperature. Scanning electron microscopy was used to show if there were changes in the microstructure of the samples. Moreover, the glass transition temperature found from the differential scanning calorimetry showed that the types of diffusion behavior that may take place were the Fickian and non-Fickian (Case II). However, the empirical diffusion model used illustrated that only the Fickian diffusion had occurred.
Reaction Performance of Propylene Carbonate Manufacturing by Using a Green Synthetic Route
Authors: Horng Richard S. , Lee Shin Ku , Hwang Mei Lee , Tsai Hsin Ying
Published: October 2014

The CO2 fixation reaction performance was carried out by using propylene oxide (PO) as reactant and medium and ionic liquid as catalyst. Through variation of reaction temperature, pressure and catalyst ratio and amount, it was found that the reaction was under kinetic control, for pressure ranging from 15 to 50 atm, rather than mass transfer control. From the kinetic data, it shows a pseudo first order kinetics with respect to PO concentration under constant CO2 pressure. The corresponding activation energy was calculated to be 9.152 kcal/mol. The reaction kinetics was independent of catalyst ratio and amount, yet the optimal catalyst ratio of [Bmim]Br/ZnCl2 is 2 for the fixation reaction. It is also a high conversion reaction, 96.0% (PO), with easier product separation, and as applied to industry for CO2 reduction process, its kinetic information would be very useful for future industrial scale reactor design.
The Synthesis of Xylene Formaldehyde Unsaturated Polyester Resin and its Application in the Putty
Authors: Liu Fang Fang , Feng Qian Nan , Yuan Xue Hui , Liu Xin Wei
Published: October 2014

The xylene formaldehyde unsaturated polyester resin was synthesized with glycol, xylene formaldehyde resin and maleic anhydride (MA) as raw materials using styrene as diluent. It was used in putty. The dosage of hydroquinone (HQ), propylene glycol (PG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) mole ratio on the influence of the synthesis of the resin and the performance of the putty. The results show that the amount of HQ is about 0.03% of the total mass. the synthetic process is smoothly and the curing performance of the resin is better. The premise is that the mass of PG and DEG possesses 4.5% of the xylene formaldehyde resin mass. Mole ratio of PG and DEG (PG-DEG ratio: 1: 2mol/mol) is critical for high yield.
Water/Alcohol Soluble Poly(3-Alkylthiophene) Derivative Self-Assembly with Fullerene Derivative via Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Huang Yi Chiang , Lee Hsu Feng , Wang Po Hsun , Huang Pei Chen , Lin Jue Houng , Tseng Yu Chao , Han Yu Kai , Huang Wen Yao
Published: October 2014

In this research, a regioregular poly (3-alkylthiophene) derivative had been synthesized via the post-polymerization functionalization, poly (3-hexylamine thiophene), which are soluble in water and water miscible solvents such as methanol, DMSO. The suitable energy level, good thermal stability and water/alcohol solubility of polymers which promising applied in polymer solar cells and processed by water or environmental-friendly solvents. In blend of functionalization polymers and fullerene derivative potassium [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyrate shows significant UV absorption decay phenomenon and occur precipitates follow with time increase. To further investigate the mechanism of composite, FT-IR analysis and TEM investigate were used, the polymer would be bonded with carboxyl of fullerene derivative via hydrogen bonding in the carboxyl region and TEM images demonstration the mixture that be able to self-assembly a interpenetrating network composite.
Bacillus pumilus to Disrupt the Quorum Sensing Reduce the Mortality of Gibel Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Song Zeng Fu , Fan Bin , Qiu Jun Qiang , Chen Biao , Guo Jing , Chu Wei Hua , Zhang Qing Hua
Published: October 2014

In the present experiment, the effects of a mutant strain Bacillus pumilus FF1-2 to defend the infection of Aeromonas hydrophilaon on Gibel carp were examined, which was got by mutation breeding from the original strain Bacillus pumilus F3-1 that could inhibit the quorum sensing molecule N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in the previous study. The results of safety evaluation indicated that it was safe to the Gibel carp (Carassiusauratusgibelio) when the intraperitoneal injection concentration of mutation strain B. PumilusFF1-2 reached 1×1011CFU/ml in one-week experiment, and the sections of muscle, liver, kidney and heart didn’t show any histopathological characterization. The results of injection challenge showed that the B. Pumilus FF1-2 could protect the Gibel carp from the infection of A. hydrophila JY-1 when they were co-injected intraperitoneally with equal concentration of 0.5 ml 1×108 CFU/ml and the survival of Gibel carp was 68% (P<0.05); what’s more, the B. Pumilus FF1-2 could significantly increase the survival of Gibel carp than that of original strain of B. Pumilus F3-1 (P<0.05). In the immersion challenge experiment, the survival of Gibel carp in the B. Pumilus FF1-2 group was 70% when the Gibel carp bathed in the concentration of 1×108 CFU/ml of A. hydrophilaYJ-1 and B. Pumilus FF1-2, which was significantly higher than that of the B. Pumilus F3-1 as well (P<0.05). So, it was supposed that the mutant B. Pumilus FF1-2 could be used as the potential alternative to antibiotics to defend the infection of A. hydrophila in aquaculture.
Effects of Nano-Selenium on Kindey Selenium Contents, Glutathione Peroxidase Activities and GPx-1 mRNA Expression in Mice
Authors: Qin Shun Yi , Chen Fu , Guo Yong Gang , Huang Bao Xia , Zhang Jiang Bing , Ma Ji Fei
Published: October 2014

The experiment was conducted to evaluate kindey selenium status, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and GPx-1 expression in mice fed with nanoselenium. Sixty KM mice, female and male in half, were randomly divided into control, sodium selenite and nanoselenium groups. 0.5 milliliter of water, sodium selenite (2 μg Se/mL) and nanoselenium (2 μg Se/mL) were respectively supplemented to the three groups in oral (ig) every day. Whole experiment lasted for 28 days. Kindey selenium contents, GPx activities and GPx-1 mRNA expression were analyzed at experiment trrmination. The results showed that kindey selenium contents and GPx activities in nanoselenium group and sodium selenite group were very significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01); kindey GPx activities in nanoselenium group were significantly higher than that in sodium selenite group (P<0.05). Kindey mRNA expression of GPx-1 was approx 166% higher in nanoselenium group and approx 157% higher in sodium selenite group than that in control group. Kindey mRNA expression of GPx-1 was approx 3.50 % higher in nanoselenium group than that in sodium selenite group. The results indicated that nanoselenium supplementation could significantly enhance kindey selenium contents, GPx activities and GPx-1 mRNA expression in mice, nanoselenium was more available than sodium selenite in increasing kindey selenium contents, GPx activities and GPx-1 mRNA expression in mice.
Biochar Production from Agricultural Waste in Amphawa District, Samutsongkram Province Thailand
Authors: Tarasawatpipat Chaisri , Kreetachat Torpong , Mekhum Witthaya , Suwannahong Kowit
Published: October 2014

Agricultural waste is environmental problem in Amphawa district. Therefore, Biochar is the alternative choice of waste minimization from agricultural waste. This research was aimed to produce biochar by pyrolysis method and characterize the biochar obtained under different raw materials. Branches of pomelo trees, lychee trees, coconut shells and pomelo pulps and the aquatic weed were used raw material for biochar production. The bio char had high carbon at above 70% w/w all of samples. Potassium concentration of pomelo branches and water hyacinth was 1.85 and 1.048 mg/kg, respectively. Surface area of biochar product from Branch of lychee tree was highest at 253 m2/g.The ratio of 1:1 bio char with organic fertilizers is highest plant growth rate.
Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles and its Antibacterial Activities: Houttuynia Cordata Leaf Extract
Authors: Sreekanth T.V.M. , Eom In Yong
Published: October 2014

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be prepared in a number of chemical techniques, which are not environmentally friendly. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by plant extracts is currently under exploitation. In this work, we describe an eco-friendly technique for green synthesis of AuNPs from AuCl4 solution using the Houttuynia cordata leaf extract as reducing agent. The AuNPs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, FTIR and AFM. The UV-Visible spectra indicate a strong plasma resonance that is located at 535 nm. The antibacterial activity of AuNPs was performed on various gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The AuNPs showed more inhibitory activity on gram negative than gram positive bacteria.
Evaluation and Application of Endogenous Microorganism Activator in Reservoir after Chemical Flooding
Authors: Le Jian Jun , Zhang Ji Yuan , Bai Lu Lu , Wang Rui , Hou Zhao Wei , Wu Xiao Lin
Published: October 2014

To further enhance oil recovery in reservoir after chemical flooding, an efficient activator formulation for promoting metabolism of endogenous microorganism was researched. Changes in community structure, growth and metabolites of endogenous microorganism were analyzed by methods of aerogenic experiments, physical simulation experiments, electron microscopy scanning (SEM), T-RFLP and Pyrophosphate sequencing. To evaluate whether endogenous microorganism activator screened in laboratory could activate endogenous microorganisms and enhance oil recovery in reservoirs after polymer flooding. The flooding effect and mechanism were studied, and this activator was used in a testing well group in Daqing oilfield. The results of the aerogenic experiments showed that the activator could activate the endogenous microorganisms in the injected water and make them produce a lot of biogas. The pressurized gas reached 2MPa after 60d static culture of activator in a high pressure vessel. The results showed that the activator could activate the endogenous microorganisms in the injected sewage and make them have a lot of growth and reproduction in the core and physical simulation of natural core flooding experiment. In the field test,the incremental oil production was 5957 t while the water content declined by 2.2% after injecting the activator, which provides an effective way to further enhance oil recovery in reservoir after chemical flooding.
Study on the Bacteriostasis of Nano-Silver against the Aspergillus from Illed Plants
Authors: Qiu Lu , Yang Hai Han , Lei Fang , Fan Shu Guo , Xie Mei Hua , Wang Zhen Ji , Gao Jian Hui
Published: October 2014

The bacteriostatic effect of nanosilve is researching purposes. Five strains from Aspergillus was used as the experimented materials. The concentration of nanosilver is180 mg / L. 0.3% carbendazim and 0.3% chlorothalonil was used as compering bacteriostatic agents. The results was gained that nanosilve has inhibiting on the growth, spore’s germination, and effecting on bacteriostasis ring and shape of the Aspergillus. The bacteriostasis of nanosilve is very better than blank comparing experimert. For the bacteriostdsis of nanosilve on Aspergillus, there is differentation among strains. The bacteriostdsis of carbendaim is better than chlorothdonil. The batteriostdsis of chlorothdonil is very better than nanosilve. The bacteriostdsis principle is that nanosilve disrupts permeation of cell membrance of Aspergillus.
Design and Global Sustainable Development from the Perspective of Game Theory
Authors: Liu Gang
Published: October 2014

At the beginning of this paper, the contradiction between less design and more design is led to by the hot subject of global sustainable development. Then the concepts of less design and more design are defined, and the two factors (human and nature) which affect the global sustainable development are analyzed. After that, the game model of less design and more design is set up and the Nash equilibrium is deduced, which is helpful to bring some ideas and suggestions for keeping global sustainable development. Finally, the game between human and nature is discussed deeply from a philosophical level, and the theory “Taosim follows the natural laws” in Taosim is proposed to solve the contradiction.
Research on Urban Greening Status Investigation Method Based on Spatial Information Technology - With Zoucheng as the Example
Authors: Wang Jie Ning , Li Duan Jie
Published: October 2014

Sums up the method of city greening status investigation on RS, GIS and other spatial information technology platform, following" Standard for classification of urban green space", "Evaluation standard for urban landscaping and greening". Practices with Zoucheng as the example. And proposes the application range of the method.
Biosorbents Derived from Fruit Wastes for Removal of Anionic Dyes in Wastewater
Authors: Ho May Quan , Li Sam F.Y.
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the use of biosorbents prepared from fruit wastes for removal of anionic dyes in wastewater was investigated. A versatile, scalable and configurable envelop protocol was developed for biosorbents screening and process scale-up evaluations. The results obtained show that enveloped systems did not alter equilibrium and kinetics profiles from those of the standard free sorbent-sorbate systems under the experimental conditions studied. Inherent non-ideal sorbent-sorbate interactions were likely contributor to the observed discriminating features of the linear isotherm fits of the enveloped systems. The results also showed that sorbent weight:sorbate volume ratio (S/L ratio) could be used to characterise the sorbent-sorbate system.
Assessment on 2000-2010 Ecosystem Function Changes of Yiwulvshan National Nature Scenic Area
Authors: Wang Xiao Chen , Zhu Jing Hai , Hu Yuan Man , Liu Wei Ling
Published: October 2014

Based on the remote-sensing data and ground data, this study is conducted on the ecosystem function of Yiwulvshan National Nature Scenic Area (hereinafter as “Yiwulvshan Scenic Area”) from 2000 to 2010 with the GIS (geographic information system) and RS (remote sensing) technology, so as to provide reference for better environmental protection of the scenic area. It is shown from the results that there is no obvious change of land use in Yiwulvshan Scenic Area; while the capacity for soil and water conservation is slightly improved mainly due to increase of vegetation coverage; the vegetation net primary productivity declines somewhat about 5.27% in past 10 years; and biodiversity is slightly increased. As a whole, the ecosystem function of Yiwulvshan Scenic Area basically kept stable in the past 10 years, which indicated that the existing regulations can effectively protect the ecological function of the Scenic Area.
Research on the Methods of Cumulative Environment Impact Assessment in the High-Speed Railway Region
Authors: Duan Xiao Chen , Sun Jing , Liang Yi Gang , Cui Jing Na , Wang Zhao Yu
Published: October 2014

Combined with the characteristics of the high-speed railway regional environment system, the paper establishes a cumulative environment impact assessment model with the system dynamics in the high-speed railway regional, which is divided into three subsystems: economic, environment and pollution subsystems. Each subsystem is refined into a number of state indexes. The feedback relationships is set up between each state index and various subsystems, based on the Matrix method, Delphi, Analytic Hierarchy Process and environmental carrying capacity to establish comprehensive evaluation model of the cumulative environment impact assessment in the high-speed railway region. Finally the Chang-Yi high-speed railway is taken as an example.This paper is of the important theory and practice significance to promote the cumulative impact assessment level and social environment benefit of the high-speed railway regions.
The Research on the Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Uranium Mines Soil
Authors: Wang Yong , Gao Bai
Published: October 2014

A typical paddy field downstream of uranium tailing reservoir was selected to study the distribution of heavy metal and the correlativity of uranium. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in soil has a gradual decreasing trend with increasing distance from the tailings. The contents of Cu、Cd are directly proportional to the vertical depth, the content of Cr is inversely proportional to the vertical depth. Meanwhile, the content of uranium is evidently correlated with Cu and Cr and no correlativity with Cd.
Degradation Behaviors of Trichloroethylene by Permanganate
Authors: Huang Yi Chu , Huang Shun Yi , Chen Shin Shian , Ma Chen Yao , Chen Hung Chieh
Published: October 2014

Surfactant-enhanced permanganate oxidation (SEPO) technology utilizes the surfactant to mobilize and/or solubilize the dense-non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) and then exploits the high oxidation capacity of permanganate (MnO4-) to oxidize them. SEPO technology has been shown as an effective way to remediate the aquifers contaminated with chlorinated organic pollutants such as trichloroethylene (TCE). Experiments were carried out with a series of continuous stir batch reactor to quantify the kinetic parameters of which MnO4- oxidizes the aqueous TCE in the presence of surfactant. It was found that TCE followed the observed pseudo-first-order reaction with respect to MnO4- whether the surfactants were present or not. In the absence of surfactants, the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) and half-life (t1/2) were 0.12-0.25 min-1 and 2.5-7.1 min for MnO4-, respectively. For the Tween80 concentration less than its critical micelle concentration (CMC), the kobs value was 0.14 min-1 and the t1/2 was 2.6 min for MnO4-. As the Tween80 concentration exceeded its CMC, the kobs values increased to 0.32-0.37 min-1 and the t1/2 reduced to 0.44-0.46 min. The results showed that combination of permanganate with a proper type of surfactant can speed up the removal of contaminants in aquifers.
Preparation of the Core-Nanoshell Composite Materials and Adsorption of Chromium-Containing Heavy Metals
Authors: He Xiao Na , Che Ru Xin , Wang Yi Lin , Li Yue , Wan Li Peng
Published: October 2014

The core-nanoshell composite materials with magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere as core and nanoLaFeO3 as shell were synthesized by high-energy ball milling method. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and VSM. The results show that the core-nanoshell composite materials were prepared successfully. As the exchange-coupling interaction happens between ferrite of magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere and nanosized ferrite coating,the remanence and the coercivity improves, so it is better for core-nanoshell to adsorb heavy metals. The adsorption-magnetic separation processing were used for Cr (VI) of heavy metals in water, by atomic absorption spectrometry to measure ion concentration after adsorption. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of solution pH on the adsorption as well as adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm. The results show that at pH 2, obtain the maximum removal rate. The adsorption data were better fitted for the Freundlich model,indicating that the adsorption of Cr (VI) preferably follows multilayer and heterogeneous adsorption process. Compared with two kinetic models linear fitting parameters, adsorption conforms to pseudo secend-order kinetic model well,revealing chemisorption as the dominant mechanism.
Effects of Heavy Metals on the Characteristics of Microorganisms in Activated Sludge: A Review
Authors: Liu Wei , Tang Jin Hua , Xia Guang Qing
Published: October 2014

Nickel (Ni (II)), cobalt (Co (II)) and manganese (Mn (II)) are often encountered in wastewaters. These metals have been identified as micronutrients, at trace concentrations; however, they are microbial growth inhibitors, at relatively high concentrations. The present review discusses, in a systematic way, the individual effects of the above heavy metals to the growth of microorganisms grown under aerobic conditions, with focus on the growth of activated sludge.
Processing Mineralogy Characteristics and Utilization Technology of Ningxiang-Type Oolitic Hematite
Authors: Yang Yao Hui , Liu Ya Chuan , Zhang Yu Shu , Liao Xiang Wen
Published: October 2014

Based on the problems of utilization technology of oolitic hematite both at home and abroad in recent decades, this paper introduces the characteristics of oolitic hematite, and gravity concentration desliming-reverse flotation process is used for treating the Ningxiang-type oolitic hematite. The process is simple in flowsheet, easy in operation, lower cost, high adaptability, and favorable for use in commercial production, which has offered an effective way for dephosphorization and iron increase of Ningxiang-type oolitic hematite.
Exploring the Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Speciality System of North China Electric Power University
Authors: Men Bao Hui
Published: October 2014

Based on “Great Electric” subjects and with the characteristics of renewable powers , NCEPU positioned Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering as the main direction of development of water resources development and utilization and hydropower reservoir optimal scheduling and other services for the power sector and Formulated talents training model and curriculum system for the purpose of training senior applied talents, and has achieved some success and delivered many qualified professional talents for the sector of hydrology and electric power since set up.
Study on the Bactriostasis of Nano-Silver against Penicillium
Authors: Qiu Lu , Xie Mei Hua , Lv Jia Yan , Fan Shu Guo , Gao Jian Hui
Published: October 2014

15# nanosilvehas significantly bateriostatic effect against Penicillium, The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 15# nana silve for inhabiting Penicillium is 1 mg/L. Through a comparative study of the bacteriostatic effect of different nanosilver and other bacteriostatic agents against Penicillium, it is found that the bacteriostatic effect of nanosilver against penicillium is very significantly better than lincomycin hydrochloride and streptomycin sulfate, in which, the bacteriostatic effect of nanosilver 14# nanosilve against penicillium is significantly better than 13# nanosilve, and 13# nanosilve is very significantly better than that of 15# nanosilve.It provides a new way for the prevention and control of Penicillium.
Research on Influencing Factors of Public Low-Carbon Consumption
Authors: Ma Hai Liang , Li Meng Ge , Tian Ze
Published: October 2014

Low carbon consumption meets the needs of sustainable development of human society, and it can provide guidance for China to establish healthy, civilized, scientific life and consumption. The formation of the public low carbon consumption is gradual development process, generally divided into cognition stage, emotion stage and behavior stage. Determining the variety factors which influence low carbon products consumer behavior is the core problem that promotes the low carbon consumption of residents. According to the characteristics of each stage, social factors, natural factors, family factors, personal factors and behavior perception can be regarded as the important factors that effects on the low carbon consumption preference.
Effect of Hygrothermal Transfer on Multilayer Walls Behavior, Assessment of Condensation Risk
Authors: Ferroukhi Mohammed Yacine , Belarbi Rafik , Limam Karim
Published: October 2014

Good insulation of envelopes in new or rehabilitated buildings represents one of the major issues in reducing the energy consumption in the construction sector. In order to ensure better insulation, a material compatible with the wall must be chosen to guarantees both good thermal insulation and reduction of humidity risk.This study reviews the risks related to moisture, particularly those related to condensation one occurring in buildings. Two stages were conducted during the study. Firstly, a coupled heat, air and moisture transfer model in a multilayer wall was developed. This model took into account both the discontinuity at the interfaces between the wall layers and the evolution of material properties depending on the water content. Then, applications to assess hygrothermal behavior of multilayer walls and predict of condensation risk into them were examined.Secondly, a parametric study was achieved on hygrothermal properties of insulation materials. The objective of this second stage was to evaluate sensitivity magnitude of different material properties on hygrothermal behavior of multilayers walls.This study focused on the most influential thermal and hydric properties in hygrothermal transfer model. Thus, thermal conductivity for heat transfer, total moisture permeability and moisture capacity to hydric transfer were selected.Finally, simulation results were analyzed and conclusions were derived on the effect of key parameters on the hygrothermal behavior in the walls and the conditions causing condensation risk to increase.
Experimental Study on Strength Development Pattern of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Cured in Chloride Solution
Authors: Yang Jian Wei , Pi Jin , Pan Yang , Huang Xin
Published: October 2014

Based on different molar ratio of MgO/MgCl2, H2O/MgCl2, magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) paste was prepared, and soaked in chloride solutions of different concentration. The compressive strength of different age was measured and the component and microstructure of the hydrate was tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the hydration characteristics of MOC soaked in chloride solutions of different concentration (10%, 20%, saturated, super-saturated). The results showed that the MOC paste specimen could hydrate, harden, develop and keep strength in saturated chloride solution, but the strength can not maintain in chloride solution of low concentrations; it is found that MOC could hydrate, harden, develop and keep strength in particular chloride solution owing to the formation, development and stabilization of 518.
Experimental Research on Abrasion Resistance of Alkaline Residue Concrete
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Cao Jun , Dong Yun
Published: October 2014

The abrasion resistance of the alkaline residue admixture concrete was observed in the experiment under different conditions, the results showed that: the abrasion resistance of the alkaline residue concrete first increased and then decreased in the law with the increase of alkaline content. The abrasion resistance of concrete is best when the content of alkaline residue is 10% of cement material, combined with SEM image analysis, the microstructure of concrete that alkaline residue accounted for cement material 10% is more dense than others proportions concrete, and the abrasion resistance of concrete will decrease with the increasing the amount of alkaline residue. The experiment also observed the abrasion resistance of the different curing period of the alkaline residue admixture concrete. We could find that the abrasion resistance of concrete increases with the growth of curing age.
Improving the Cement Based Reinforced Composites by Use of Partially Oxidized PP Fiber
Authors: Chou Liang Hsing , Tung Jhih Long , Lee Maw Tien
Published: October 2014

In improving fiber reinforced cement-based composites, it is critically important to enhance the bonding strength between fibers and cement hydrate. Polypropylene (PP) fiber is a property enhancing additive, commonly used in cement-based composites. In this study, we tried to modify the surface properties of PP to enhance its bonding with calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). The surface was at least partly converted from lyophilic to hydrophilic by partial oxidation using potassium dichromate. The change in surface properties was examined by FT-IR, AFM, SEM and contact angle. The appearance of peaks at 1635, 1650 and 3200 cm-1 in FTIR spectra for the treated PP, indicated the adsorption of water molecules on the surface, verifying the increase in hydrophilicity of PP. The AFM observation depicted that the roughness of partially oxidized PP surface was significantly increased. The contact angle was reduced due to the increase in hydrophilicity of the PP surface. However, the tensile strength of PP fiber had no significant reduction after being subjected to partial oxidation. Finally, AFM and SEM observations have shown that treated PP film bonded to C-S-H more tightly than that of original PP. It is suggested that partial oxidation of PP is an effective method to improve cement-based composites.
Comparative Analysis of Existing Life Cycle Inventories of Cement in China
Authors: Zhang Yu Rong , Liu Ming Hui , Wang Yuan Feng
Published: October 2014

Life cycle inventory (LCI) involves creating an inventory of flows from and to nature for a product system, which is a prerequisite of life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper conducts a comparative analysis of available inventories of cement produced in China and points out the reliability of these inventory results. 1 ton cement was chosen to be the functional unit, and the system boundary was defined from cradle to gate. In the process of cement production, many pollutants will be emitted, so only the four main emissions (CO2, NOX, SO2 and dust) are considered. The analysis showed that the reliability of cement inventories is affected by inaccurate or non-representative data, and all results are difficult to compare due to the varying system boundaries.
Study on the Stimulated Reservoir Volume Technology in Tight Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Zheng Heng , Cheng Ning , Cao Zhong Wei , Lu Wen Ting , Sun Jun Sheng
Published: October 2014

In the development of carbonate reservoir, it usually uses acid fracturing to improve the production. Because of the limitation of, the production rates from the wells are very low. Based on the “stimulated reservoir volume” which is used in the development of unconventional reservoirs, combined with the characteristics of tight carbonate reservoirs, in the early stage with low viscosity liquid, large pump scheme, small size proppant and pulse type sand to form complex fracture network. In the later, with high viscosity liquid, high sand rate, large size proppant, and continuous type sand to enlarge the stimulated volume and conductivity. Based on the experimental evaluation, the fracture design was optimized, and it will provide a reference for the stimulation of tight carbonate reservoir.
Anchored Slope Risk Analysis under Earthquake Effect
Authors: Xia Xiong , Li Lin Lin , Huang Yi , Xi Sai Ying , Xu Han Dong
Published: October 2014

Horizontal earthquake acceleration is used for slope risk analysis, and the relationship between the dynamical safety factors and corresponding static safety factors is obtained. The reliability of anchored slope is expressed with the safety factor. The synthesized risk evaluation index, which included the dynamical, statically mechanics and reliability analysis, is established. The main procedure of calculation is provided by a practical project in this paper, and the computed example has shown it is worthy to study the method further.
Numerical Heat Transfer Investigation in Solar Air Heater Channel with Wavy-Baffles
Authors: Promvonge Pongjet , Noothong Watcharin , Thianpong Chinaruk
Published: October 2014

A numerical study is conducted to investigate the turbulent periodic flow and heat transfer characteristics in a channel fitted with sinusoidal wavy-baffles placed on upper and lower walls. The finite volume method is introduced and implemented with the SIMPLE algorithm. The flow structure, friction factor and heat transfer characteristics for different wavy-baffle configurations are evaluated. According to numerical result, the maximum thermal performance is found to be 1.22–1.66 times to smooth channel corresponding to the baffle a/H=0.75 and b/H=0.10. Consequently, the application of wavy-baffles can be utilized effectively to enhance the thermal performance of solar air heater.