bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onshore Nuclear Power Plant Concept with Enhanced Passive Safety System
Authors: Ferdous A.H.M. Iftekharul , Rashid T. H. M Sumon , Shobug Md Asaduzzaman , Ahmed Tanveer , Dutta Nitol Kumar
Published: February 2022

Bangladesh is a developing country and it’s increasing economy can be maintained by providing sufficient amount of electric power supply. Therefore government is initiating Rooppur nuclear power project is one of them which is needed to be sited beside a vast amount of water source, lowest populated area and away from the locality to reduce the damage caused by any nuclear accidents. In this thesis paper we have shown that, the the dangers of residing errors of Rooppur nuclear power plant and give a proposal to go for onshore nuclear power plant in Bangladesh with two proposed designs of passive safety systems PSS-I & PSS-II. These systems will give safety to the power plants in the case of plant blackout during accidents.
Effect of Dielectric Constant of Medium on Conductance for Trimethylsulfonium Halides in Normal and Branched Alcohols
Authors: El-Hammamy Nasr H. , Daghash Marwa A. , Kawana Aida I.
Published: February 2022

The conductance parameters, ?o (equivalent conductance at infinite dilution) and KA (association constant) for trimethylsulfonium halides (Bromide and Iodide) in methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 2-propanol and n-butanol have been evaluated at 25°C from the conductance measurements. The values of ?o for different salts decrease with decreasing dielectric constant of medium (D) with some variations and are in the order of MeOH > EtOH > n-PrOH > 2-PrOH > n-BuOH. The association constants of the same salts in different alcohols increase with decreasing dielectric constant of medium and are in the order of n-BuOH > 2-PrOH > n-PrOH > EtOH > MeOH.
Versatile Defacement Detection by Monitoring Video Sequences Using Deep Learning
Authors: R Newlin Shebiah , S Arivazhagan
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this paper is to detect vandal and vandalism by monitoring recorded video sequences. Vandalism is one of the most commonly occurring crimes in the society that indirectly affects the economy of the country. The proposed algorithm takes in the input from the video extracted from surveillance camera which prevails in public places. Further, it is converted into frames and subtracted with the background to detect the foreground object. The background subtracted image contains both human and non-human moving objects. In order to differentiate human pixels and other moving objects in the video sequence, discriminative features are extracted using deep architecture and classified using SVM classifier. Deep features proved to be highly discriminative when compared with the handcrafted Histogram of Oriented Gradients features. By analyzing the dwell time of the person in the restricted scene and his motion pattern with time and significant change in background vandalism act is declared and the person is considered as vandal. The proposed method was evaluated on the videos collected from You Tube with the contents taken during night time, multiple vandals, car vandals etc.
Evaluation of Lightning Protection Efficacy on Nigerian Installations High Voltage Installations Using Screen and Cone of Protection Methods
Authors: Oyeleye M. O.
Published: February 2022

This study evaluated lightning protective system efficacy on 11kV-132kV substation-power line installation in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria with reference to cloud to ground(C-G) lightning strike (LS) events. It focus on interception of lightning strikes and its protection with reference to direct lightning strike (DLS) and indirect lightning strike (IDLS). Data were collected from Ikorodu 132/33 kV Transmission Substation and its four major injection stations.  This work was carried out using physical measurement of raw data obtained from the high voltage substation. Installations were scaled down and modelled dimensionally using AutoCAD software in order to measure spatial parameters in order to measure the screening of the existing substations and connected lines, as well as the existing cone angles of protection. Probability of lightning efficiency of lightning protective level (LPL) are used for screening evaluation while spike and sky wire angle of protection are used for cone of protection evaluation. Physical measurement of six substations (33/11 kV and 132/33 kV substations) in the studied area were also carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the installed lightning arresters with respect to the protected devices using applicable standard. The results under the prevailing lightning protective system, LPS, (screening method), revealed that the existing 33/11 kV and 132/33 kV substations are not adequately protected against lightning strike; 132/33 kV substation is more vulnerable to lightning strike than 33/11kV substation and that the incoming 132kV power lines to the substation are adequately protected. The evaluation of the installed distances of all lightning arresters are within standard range and would adequately protect substation transformers against travelling waves (Indirect Stroke) events. The installed lightning arresters (LAs) would adequately protect substation transformers against travelling waves (Indirect Stroke) events. The adequate protection should be reinforced with proposed design scheme in further study in order to mitigate the disastrous effects of lightning strike. Any proposed design of protective system for electric power installations in Nigeria should be simulated using computer aided design software for scaled validation of dimensional and spatial design values in order to mitigate reported failures and uncertainties in identifying causes of observed failures in the system.
Flora and Species Diversity of Riparian Zones at Yongheung Stream, Hapcheon-gun Province, Korea
Authors: Huh Man Kyu
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze the flora and species diversity of Yongheung Stream, a small stream in Korea. The stream was divided into 3 compartments for convenience. Sampling with quadrats (plots of a standard size) can be used for most plant communities. The upper region was a total of 59 taxa, including 17 families, 47 genera, 52 species, and 7 varieties. Naturalized plants were 15 species. The total transformed Braun-Blanquet value and r-NCD at middle area were 162 and 1,800.0, respectively. The middle region was a total of 59 taxa, including 17 families, 47 genera, 52 species, and 7 varieties. Naturalized plants were 15 species. The total transformed Braun-Blanquet value and r-NCD at middle area were 162 and 1,800.0, respectively. Riverbed area was dominated by the distribution of three willow species (Populus euramericana, Salix gracilistyla, and Salix koriyanagi) at middle region. The low region was a total of 55 taxa, including 16 families, 43 genera, 47 species, and eight varieties. Naturalized plants were 20 species. The total transformed Braun-Blanquet value and r-NCD at middle area were 155 and 1,755.6, respectively. Invasion of natural ecosystems by exotic plant species is recognized as a major threat to biodiversity at Yongheung Stream.
Illumination Evaluation of Lecture Theatre, Case Study of 1000 Seat Lecture Theatre, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Oyeleye M. O.
Published: February 2022

Light, apart from making it possible for one to view objects clearly, can also be used for the beautification of any given space. Existing 1000 Seat Lecture Theatre auditorium lights lux level (115 lux) is below acceptable of for an auditorium suitable for writing during examination. This paper focus on illumination evaluation of a lecture theatre, case study of 1000 Seat lecture theatre, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The auditorium is used for lecture and writing examination. Lumen method which is one of the methods for calculation the number of lamp for a space is used to determine the number of lamp needed for the studied area. The architectural design of the auditorium is not available, so, the dimensions of the floor of the studied area were measured with a measuring tape. The measured floor dimensions was used to produce model of the floor in autoCAD software in order to calculate the area of the floor because the auditorium was of irregular shape and different mounting heights. The obtained area is used to calculate the illuminance required for the auditorium using Lumen method, equation. Try and error method was used in selecting E, Mf and Uf  to arrive at 115Lux  of the studied area. Lumen method, putting into consideration standard maintenance factor (0.8) and utilization factor (0.7) of existing literatures and renowned consultancy firms were used.  This paper submitted that the lux level of the 1000 Seat Lecture Theatre (SLT) is below acceptable international standard of 400lux (standard and the industrial practice) for a classroom-auditorium suitable for writing examination.  The space is poorly illuminated (33.3% of the required illumination and 20% wattage contribution of the design.) using EDA 18W compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). The existing 2 x 18W CFL installed in the SLT should be replaced with 85W (5500lumen, 5500K, 10000Hrs) CFL because of its benefits. 400 Lux is adequate for Lecture Theatre Auditorium lux level; lighting designer should employ adequate lux level to avoid negative side effects of poor illumination.
Dissolution Kinetics of Ilmenite Ore in A Binary Solution
Authors: Okoye Chukwunonso Chukwuzuloke , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic , Okey-Onyesolu Chinenye Faith
Published: February 2022

Leaching of iron from ilmenite ore using a binary solution (HCl-NaNO3) was investigated. The raw ilmenite ore sample was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and X-ray Flourescence (XRF) techniques. The influence of acid concentration, oxidant concentration, particle size, solution temperature, stirring speed and liquid-to-solid ratios on the extent of dissolution was examined. The experimental data obtained at various process parameter conditions were tested in six kinetics models: shrinking core model’s diffusion through liquid film model(DTLF), diffusion through product layer model (DTPL), surface chemical reaction model (SCR)); mixed kinetics model (MKM), Jander (three dimensional) model and Kröger and Ziegler model. The crystalline morphology of the sample was displayed by the SEM micrograph. XRF result revealed the dominance of titanium and iron in ilmenite while XRD confirmed that ilmenite exist mainly as FeTiO2. The results of the leaching studies showed that ilmenite dissolution in the binary solution increases with increasing acid concentration, oxidant concentration, reaction temperature, stirring speed and liquid-to-solid ratio; while it decreases with particle size. The study showed that 94.77% iron was dissolved by 1MHCl-0.6M NaNO3 at 75?m particle size, 75?C reaction temperature, 300rpm stirring speed and 30L/g liquid-to-solid ratio. The kinetics of the leaching process was best described by Kröger and Ziegler model with diffusion through the product layer as rate controlling step. The activation energy, Ea, was calculated to be 6.42kJ/mol. The results indicate that HCl-NaNO3 binary solution can be used as an effective lixiviant for extracting iron from ilmenite ores.
Enhancement of Waterproofing Properties of Finished Upper Leather Produced from Bangladeshi Cow Hides
Authors: Shahriar Abrar , Zohra Fatema-Tuj- , Murad A.B.M. Wahid , Ahmed Sobur
Published: February 2022

Waterproofness property of leather can be enhanced by modifying different steps involved in pre-tanning to finishing operations. In this study three sets of experiment were conducted where tanning and finishing techniques differed to analyze the improvement of the waterproofness property. Use of surfactants and hydrophilic agents were avoided to improve this property. Moreover, different waterproof fatliquors were used and changing of the finishes in each experiment was performed to improve and evaluate the waterproofness of leathers. Waterproofness and other physical characteristic properties were assessed following standard methods. Leather samples of experiment-3 where extensive finishing was done, showed the best result of waterproofness which is significantly higher than the minimum requirement of shoe upper leather. All other physical properties except water vapour permeability of leather samples of experiment-3 were excellent as compared to other experiments. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the leather sample was also analyzed.
New Thermodynamics: Global Warming and Man’s Activities
Authors: Mayhew Kent W.
Published: February 2022

A previously published new kinetic theory not only improves the fit with accepted empirical findings, it also means that intermolecular collisions are inelastic. Combined with a previously published new understanding of lost work and the realization that the whole atmosphere acts as a thermal blanket completely changes our understanding, as to how man’s activities relate to global warming.
Design and Analysis of MIMO Spiral Antenna for GPS, WLAN and UAV Applications
Authors: William Johnson , Bhat Prathamesh , Gaonkar Mandar , Gaonkar Sai , Khandekar Surya , Patil Raju
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a multiband compact microstrip MIMO antenna for Unmanned Air Vehicle, GPS and WLAN applications. It consists of two symmetric triangular spiral shape patch and defected ground structure (DGS). The antenna is designed using low cost FR4 Substrate and analysed by using commercially available electromagnetic simulation software CST. The simulation results shows the designed antenna has resonance frequencies at 1.62 GHz and bandwidth from1.6027 GHz to 1.6391 GHz, at 2.42 GHz from 2.3609 GHz to 2.4667 GHz and 3.79 GHz from 3.6418 GHz to 3.7909 GHz frequency which covers GPS, WLAN and UAV(LTE band) applications respectively. Detailed physical analysis of proposed antenna is presented and the characteristics of antenna are verified by the return loss, insertion loss, gain and directivity. It is found that it has good performance for above applications. The overall size of the antenna is 28 x 20.5 mm2 which is less than the conventional antenna by 84% at lowest resonating frequency of 1.62 GHz.
Solutions of Second Order Nonlinear Two Point Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Gemeda Abdurkadir Edeo
Published: February 2022

In this paper, generalized shifted Legendre polynomial approximation on a given arbitrary interval has been designed to find an approximate solution of a given second order nonlinear two point boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations. Here an approach using Tau method based on Legendre operational matrix of differentiation [2] & [5] has been addressed to generate the nonlinear systems of algebraic equations. The unknown Legendre coefficients of these nonlinear systems are the solutions of the system and they have been solved by continuation method. These unknown Legendre coefficients are then used to write the approximate solutions to the second order nonlinear two point boundary value problems. The validity and efficiency of the method has also been illustrated with numerical examples and graphs assisted by MATLAB.
Speech Recognition Using MATLAB and Cross-Correlation Technique
Authors: Kabari Ledisi Giok , Chigoziri Marcus B.
Published: February 2022

Speech is a prominent communication method among humans, whereas the communication between human and computers were based on text user interface and graphic user interface. Speech recognition is used in almost every security project where you need to speak and tell your password to computer and is also used for automation. This paper demonstrates a model that enhances technological advancement where humans and computers interact via voice user interface. In developing the model, cross correlation was implemented in MATLAB to compare two or more signals and detect the most accurate one of the all. We are actually used cross correlation to find similarity between our recorded Signal files and the testing signal. Thus we were able to develop a model where machines can differentiate between commands and act upon them.
Mapping and Assessment of Healthcare Facilities Using GIS in a Part of Ikorodu Metropolis, Lagos State
Authors: Effiong E. , Iyiola O. F. , Gbiri Isaac Adelakun , Oludiji M. O. , Oyebanji S. T. , Ayodele M. T.
Published: February 2022

The uneven distribution of health care services in Nigeria had been validated the inequalities in the accessibility and the best of fitness care services rendered to citizens. Basic fitness care offerings continue to be a cardinal responsibility of the authorities for the survival of her citizenry. Mostly in the developing country, the accessibility to these health care centres is poorly understood and underserved by the timing populations. there is a need to apprehend the elements that affect or inhibit health care used and what contributed to the use elements in term of distance from residences to the health care amenities and the thickly populace developed round the facilities. This paper focuses on the acceptable evaluation of spatial distribution of health care facilities and proposed for new health centres in some of catchments location that deserves it primarily based on distance and population figures in Ikorodu Local Community Development Area. It was subdivided  into Ibese, Ojubode , Local Govt, Police Post, Ebute , Ogoloto , Tos Benson, Ita Elewa, Sambo , Alagbala  and Eyita Area with their two land mass for every the catchment area inside the learn about which covered two Ibese Area, Ojubode Area, Local Govt. Area, Police Post Area, Ebute Area, Ogoloto Area, Tos Benson Area, Ita Elewa, Sambo Area, Alagbala Area and Eyita Area covered 128.585 ha, 59.658 ha, 106.793ha, 99.631ha, 140.803ha, 109.485ha, 131.518 ha, 111.625ha, 155.051 ha, 89.698 ha and 112.907 ha. Based on buffer coverage and population used and it was revealed and proposed new healthcare centres  for  Ojubode, Local Govt, Ibese, part of Eyita, Sambo,Alagbala and Ogoloto areas maps were produced. The useful geodatabase was created for digital healthcare facility mapping for less difficult replace every time it’s necessary.
Assessment of Integrated Waste Management Systems in Kandahar City, Afghanistan
Authors: Rahmani Ali Mohammad , Noori Abdul Ghani
Published: February 2022

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of current MSWMS for Kandahar City and two developed integrated waste management systems (IWMSs) were carried out. In addition, field survey was performed to find out the composition of MSW in Kandahar City as this was the base line data for the LCA’s. Field survey at the MSW disposal site of Kandahar City revealed that physical composition of food waste was low (26.89%) and inert (soil, sand, brick, etc.) was high (39.72%) because of constructional activities, and street and canal cleaning. LCA of current MSWMS was carried out with inclusion of fuel energy production, transport, burning used engine oil obtained from vehicles maintenance, and MSW degradation in its system boundary. The result showed that environmental impact potential for global warming, ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity, photo oxidant formation and particulate matter formation were 1504.6 kg CO2 equivalent, 13 g CFC-11 equivalent, 1.11 kg SO2 equivalent, 645 mg P equivalent, 28.77 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, 0.46 kg C2H4 equivalent plus 2.11 kg NMVOC, and 0.55 kg PM10 equivalent, respectively, per functional unit (FU). MSW degradation and transport were the processes mostly contributing to potential environmental impact. In scenario 1, recycling (RC) avoided energy and raw materials consumption for new production. It could reduce 10.6% (159.3 kg CO2 equivalent) global warming potential (GWP) compared to base scenario. In scenario 2, in spite of recycling, anaerobic digestion was included to recover energy and compost. Scenario 2 showed reduction of 32.6% (490 kg CO2 equivalent) GWP compared to base scenario. Hence, scenario 2 was a better IWMS in term of environmental sustainability to be considered by decision makers in Kandahar City.
Impact of Socio-Demographic factors on survival of under-five children in Nigeria
Authors: Issa Abdulmumeen Adekunle , Yahya Waheed Babatunde , Jolayemi Eyitayo Tejumola
Published: February 2022

A number of discussions on mortality or survival patterns of under-five children in Nigeria have been presented in the literature over years, most of which were characterized by descriptive analysis, in which facts were reported by percentages, ratio and measures of association to mention a few.  In this study, binary logistic regression model was employed to model the survival status (dead or alive) of under-five children in Nigeria as a function of some socio-demographic variables. Results from this study revealed that ten socio-demographic variables among several others were significantly associated with the survivals of under-five children in Nigeria. Specifically, the results showed that children that were born in urban area, that were exclusively breastfed, that were among the first four children in the family, whose mothers have secondary education and post-secondary education have significant increased odds, to about 27%, 580%, 20%, 22% and 102% respectively, of surviving beyond age five than their counterparts in the reference categories of the above identified risk factors (odds ratio is 1.271(p < 0.0001 for urban), 6.810 (p<0.0001 for breastfeeding), 1.197 (p < 0.0001 for birth order), 1.225 (p = 0.001 for secondary education) and 2.023 (p < 0.0001 for higher education)). Results from this work indicated that more enlightenment program is required to stem the alarming increase in under-five mortality rate in Nigeria which currently stood at 112%. Data set from Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) report for 2008 was employed in this study.
Experimental Investigation of the influence of the Cutting Conditions on the Surface Roughness in Hole turning the SCM400 Steel
Authors: Son Nguyen Hong , Thinh Hoang Xuan , Nguyen Nhu-Tung , Trung Do Duc
Published: February 2022

This paper presented the experimental results about investigation of the influence of the cutting conditions on the surface roughness when hole turning the SCM400 steel. Three cutting paramesters that have mentioned in this study included cutting speed, axial feed rate, and cutting depth. The experimental design was chosen following the orthogonal matrix and added the center experiment points. The analyzed results show that the axial feed rate has the greatest degree of impact on the surface roughness. And, the second and third factors have negligible effect on the surface roughness that are cutting speed and cutting depth, respectively. These results will guide the determination of the cutting conditions in order to machining the part surface with roughness that was ensured the setting requirement. Finally, the directions for further research were also mentioned in this paper.
Application of Wind Energy
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Thi Bich , Hoa Phan Thi Thuy
Published: February 2022

Wind is a renewable energy source and its use does not produce toxic substances such as fossil fuels. This is one of the most efficient forms of energy, it can become one of the main energy sources for future generations. Wind energy is one of renewable energy, which is widely used when the device is mass-produced, assembly technology is completed. Developed industrial countries have developed strategies to more actively exploit wind power in the future and gradually replace traditional energy sources such as coal, hydropower, nuclear. This paper examines wind power, applicability, general development trend in the world and assesses from an economic and environmental perspective as well as some recommendations on wind energy development in Vietnam.
Development of Biomass Resource Conversion Technology in Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Thi Bich , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Hoa Thi Thuy
Published: February 2022

Before the situation of traditional energy reserves on ports decreased, people now focus on researching, exploiting and applying new energy sources. These energy sources are considered clean, renewable energy and they do not pollute the environment. In these energy sources, biomass (biomass) plays an important role to produce biofuel gradually replacing traditional fuels. The article summarizes the results of research and development of mining technology - effectively processing diverse and abundant biomass resources of Vietnam. Along with methodological contributions, basic studies supplement the database of biomass resources. On that basis, it contributes to saving energy, promoting biogas production, syngas from biomass gasification for generators, heat utilization or biodiesel production, environmentally friendly bio-petrol. Ensure the goal for sustainable development, against climate change when energy security issues in Vietnam are threatened.
The Characteristics of Carbonyl Compounds Emissions from Small Marine Diesel Engines Using Biodiesel Based Palm Oil
Authors: Nguyen Van Quy , Le Huu Cuong
Published: February 2022

The study was conducted to measure and evaluate particulate emissions and carbonyl compounds from KAMA - KDE3500T generator at medium load mode (1.5 kW load). Using commercial diesel fuel 0.05 S and biodiesel palm oil with different mixing ratios are: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 75% and 100% for B0, B10, B20, B30, B50, B75 and B100. Experimental results showed that: dust emission concentration decreased from B0 to B20 and increased from B30 to B100 namely 348.65 mg / m3, 297.27 mg / m3, 168.59 mg / m3, 169.74 mg / m3, 259.98 mg / m3, 330.30 mg / m3, 522.98 mg / m3 respectively for B0, B10, B20, B30, B50, B75, B100.  Carbonyl emission concentrations increased from B0 to B30 and abruptly decreased at B50 and gradually increased at B75 and B100 specific figures as follows: 67.99 mg / m3, 87.35 mg / m3, 99.10 mg / m3, 100.96 mg / m3, 65.79 mg / m3, 102.32 mg / m3, 102.38 mg / m3 respectively for B0, B10, B20, B30, B50, B75 and B100. High concentrations of carbonyl compounds are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone.
Assessment of the Coastal Fisheries of the Tangier Port, Morocco 2011-2017
Authors: Darasi Fahd , Aksissou Mustapha
Published: February 2022

This paper evaluates the production of coastal fishing and fishing efforts through coastal fishery data (landing and effort) at the Tangier port obtained from the National Fisheries Office for the period 2011-2017. The data were entered into the excel application to process and analyze the results. The total number of coastal fishes catchings in Tangier port increased gradually from 2011, with an estimated production of (5,030.8 Tons) and continued to increase in the years (2012– 2013– 2014–2015), the production record respectively (5,813.6 – 5,857.4 –7,611.3 – 9,068.4 Tons). Then the decline in 2016 and 2017 to (6,963.8 - 4,208.1 Tons), where the year 2017 saw the lowest production. Fishing efforts fluctuated between (6,796 Trips and 9,239 Trips) between 2011 and 2017. The minimum effort was recorded in 2013 in 6796 fishing Trips, with fewer boats reaching 1,286, while the maximum effort was recorded in 9,239 fishing Trips in 2015. The average of each CPUE in 2015, the highest 981.54 kg / Trip and the lowest in 2017 worth 543.05 kg / Trip while these values fluctuate in the remaining years. The lowest value in 2012 was recorded at 84,044,677.5 DH to reach a maximum of 167,005,585.5 DH in 2015, and fell again to 111,516,969.5 in 2017.
Development of a Naturally Flavored Ready to Serve (RTS) Fruit Beverage
Authors: Karunarathne K. N. , Liyanage Rumesh Prasanga , Wickramasinghe Indira
Published: February 2022

Fruit based beverages are one of the foremost categories of beverages that are consumed globally. Since fruit beverages are easily digestible, health conscious, highly refreshing, thirst quenching, appetizing and nutritionally far superior to most of the synthetic beverages available in the market, consumption of fruit based beverages have been increased dramatically. Natural extracts of tropical fruits such as Carica papaya (papaya), Passiflora edulis (passion fruit), and natural flavor extract of Camellia sinensis (leaves) and Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon barks) were extracted and used as the main ingredients of this product while sugar, Citric acid, pectin were used as the supplementary ingredients. The best fruit pulp ratio and the best natural flavoring agent out of tea and cinnamon was determined through structured sensory evaluations by participating 30 semi trained panelists. Further experiments were also performed   to find the optimum amount of pectin to reduce hard packing and to determine the shelf life of the developed beverage and to develop the natural pectin extraction method by using unutilized parts of the Passiflora edulis fruit. Proximate analysis studies and microbiological studies were also carried out. Collected data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis non parametric analysis and sample 293 which is containing 15% total fruit pulp with papaya to passion fruit ratio 2:1 and cinnamon as the flavoring agents was the best product formulae. According to the proximate analysis data, fat, protein, carbohydrates, fiber and the ash content were 0.41%, 0.11%, 13.13%, 0.052%, 3.028% and 83.27% respectively. The total plate count was 12 cfu/ml and yeast and molds were 0 cfu/ml of the product and Physico-chemical studies reveals that, the product can be preserved for 30 days under 4±1 0C condition. The average pectin percentage of Passiflora edulis and Carica papaya were 6.9 % and 4.5 % respectively.
Preparation and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Composites by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Santamaría Juárez Guillermo A , Gómez Barojas Estela , Quiroga-González Enrique , Sánchez-Mora Enrique , Santamaría-Juárez Juana Deisy
Published: February 2022

In the present work, reduced graphene oxide/Titanium dioxide (rGO/TiO2) composites (1:1 and 1:2 wt %) have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method using graphene oxide (GO) and commercial TiO2 as precursors. Previously, we prepared the GO, in the way optimizing and making safer, the Hummers route. We have chosen the hydrothermal method to prepare the composites because it offers several advantages: 1) It consist of a very simple experimental setup, 2) it utilizes only water, instead of Hydrazine or Sulfonate used as chemical reductants in traditional methods, avoiding the incorporation of un-willing impurities into GO sheets, 3) the temperature and pressure condition reached in the closed hydrothermal system have promoted the recovery of ?-conjugation after dehydration diminishing defects concentration and increasing the degree of reduction of the GO sheets, and 4) this system is compatible with industrial batch production. The structure, surface morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of GO, TiO2 and rGO/TiO2 composites have been analyzed using, TEM, FTIR, Raman- and XPS-spectroscopy. TEM micrographs show that the TiO2 nanoparticles are non-homogenously adsorbed onto the GO sheets. FTIR spectra of the rGO/TiO2 composites suggest that during the hydrothermal process the GO sheets get reduced. Raman spectra suggest that TiO2 remains with anatase structure even after the hydrothermal process. The C 1s XPS spectra of the rGO/TiO2 composites have shown a significant decrease of oxygenated carbon related signals, confirming that most of the oxygenated groups were successfully removed. Based on these characterization results we infer that, GO sheets of good quality have been successfully synthesized and the GO sheets have been partially reduced via the TiO2 nanoparticles anchored during the hydrothermal process.
Generation of UV Photons Produced by Lightning in Vacuum Conditions:
Authors: Rodriguez Pinilla Omar , Hernández Wilmar
Published: February 2022

In the following work, a theoretical proposal is presented on the mechanism of generation UV photons produced by lightning in vacuum conditions under anisotropic medium (gas) using the quantum model of near field electrodynamics through paths integrals. The aim is calculate and sensing the number of photons that can generate a lightning discharge under a voltage of 2000 volts AC in t seconds
Space-Time Trellis Coding with Equalization
Authors: Adebanjo Ibukunoluwa Adetutu , Olasoji Yekeen Olajide , Kolawole Micheal Olorunfunmi
Published: February 2022

As we are entering the 5G era, high demand is made of wireless communication. Consistent effort has been ongoing in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which provide correlation on temporal and spatial domain, to meet the high throughput demand. To handle the characteristic nature of wireless channel effectively and improve the system performance, this paper considers the combination of diversity and equalization. Space-Time trellis code is combined with single-carrier modulation using two-choice equalization techniques, namely: minimum mean squared error (MMSE) equalizer and orthogonal triangular (QR) detection. MMSE gives an optimal balance between noise enhancement and net inter-symbol interference (ISI) in the transmitted signal. Use of these equalizers provides the platform of investigating the bit error rate (BER) and the pairwise error probability (PEP) at the receiver, as well as the effect of cyclic prefix reduction on the receivers. It was found that the MMSE receiver outperforms the QR receiver in terms of BER, while in terms of PEP; the QR receiver outperforms the MMSE receiver. When a cyclic prefix reduction test was carried out on both receivers, it yields a significant reduction in BER of both receivers but has no significant effect on the overall performance.
Evaluation of a Flipped Classroom Teachers Training Course Assessment Through Latent Trait Theory Analysis
Authors: Katsenos Ioannis , Papadakis Spyros , Androulakis George S.
Published: February 2022

Assessment of an educational program/course, based on quantitative data, is attempted in this study, by using the final deliverables of the trainees and assess them according to a predefined set of items connected to the desired Learning Outcomes and a predefined scale for each item. The statistical analysis of the items’ grades, first using factor analysis and then using an Item Response Theory model, gives an indication of the Learning Outcomes’ degree of achievement and consequently guides the training designers to modify training strategies for a potential next cycle of the training program/course. For this study, a teacher training course on flipped classroom methodology, has been used and the above concept was tested. Our analysis using Item Response Theory, revealed the Learning Outcomes partially or not at all achieved showing very good agreement with trainers’ intuitive observations. For the future, the use of such a quantitative assessment could involve Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) tools to assess the relations among learning outcomes, prior knowledge and teaching practices and temporal analysis during training course execution using not only final data but also data from intermediate phases.
Brief Review of Growth Techniques for Obtaining of III-V Semiconductor Compounds
Authors: Gastellóu Erick , García G. , Herrera A. M. , Morales C. , García R. , Hirata G. A. , Robles M. , Rodríguez J. A. , García I. E.
Published: February 2022

Electronic devices have essential importance in our quality of life. Our species has multiple comforts and benefits obtained by current technology, such as microelectronics, optoelectronics, and nanotechnology. However, few are interested in the different physical phenomena that are behind our technology. This paper presents a brief review of four growth techniques for the obtaining of III-V semiconductors compounds. Techniques such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, hot filament chemical vapor deposition, liquid phase epitaxy, and molecular beam epitaxy are described in a simple way to motivate the understanding of the theoretical concepts that make operated our technology.
Effect of Calcium Carbonate Filler on Self-Compacting Concrete Using Different Aggregate Sizes
Authors: John Wasiu , Oghenekume Agbawhe Okeoghene , Zahemen Tuleun Lawrence
Published: February 2022

In this research work, the effect of Calcium Carbonate Filler was studied on the compressive strength and the workability of self-compacting Concrete (SCC) at different grades (M60, M65 and M70) and different coarse aggregate sizes (6.3mm, 10mm and 20mm). Calcium Carbonate Filler (Limestone powder) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) were added in percentages of 2.5% and 5% to check its effect on the workability and strength properties of SCC and Normally Vibrated Concrete. Experimental investigations were carried out on SCC and normally vibrated concrete (NVC) samples of grade M60, M65 and M70 using different aggregate sizes of 6.3mm, 10mm and 20mm. The workability test results obtained showed values within specification.  The compressive and Tensile strengths for SCC (with powder and 2.5% RHA) are higher than that with powder and 5% RHA and NVC. Generally, the use of Calcium Carbonate Filler improved the strength and densities for SCC design mix and decreased its workability. It is concluded that the use of SCC with designed Fillers ratio and RHA (?5%) will improve the strength properties of SCC.
Implementation of the Security Architecture in Power Point System
Authors: Jang Seung Ju
Published: February 2022

I implement the security architecture in power point system. I analyze the power point system structure. And this paper proposes the security architecture for the power point system. In order to block the main data access, it judges whether or not access is possible through user authentication from the server. If you are an accessible user, you can use PowerPoint's key data separately. This architecture gives the safe use of PowerPoint system. The design contents proposed in this paper are actually implemented and tested. As a result of the experiment on the design contents of this paper, it can be confirmed that the operation is normal.
Necessity of General-Purpose Operating Systems for Wearable Computing Environments
Authors: Joh HyunChul , Lee JooYoung
Published: February 2022

The wearable technology is carefully expected as a next generation business platform which can lead to changes from the smartphone-based hardware and software market. In this paper, we consider whether wearable computing environment with unlimited potential would require an operating system or not by comparing with other computing environment such as a general-purpose computer. In addition, a brief history of wearable technology and the necessity of studying about operating systems for highly merged wearable devices with software systems will be discussed. We also review the features of existing operating systems in different computing environments and discuss the elements that a wearable operating system should have.
Central Composite Design Approach to Minimize HAZ of TIG Weldments
Authors: Ozigagun Andrew , Biu Raphael
Published: February 2022

Welding is a multi-input multi-output fabrication process, which requires a multi-response optimization technique. In this present work, the effect of heat affected zone and percentage dilution on the quality of Tungsten Inert Gas welded joints was investigated using mild steel plates. The Central Composite Design matrix was adopted to perform the welding experiment and collect the data, thereafter Response Surface Methodology (RSM) models was employed to minimize heat affected zone and percentage dilution with very significant statistical results. The result shows that the quadratic model was the most suitable for the HAZ data and the percentage dilution data with a P-value < 0.05 and R2 value of 88% and 90% for the HAZ and percentage dilution respectively.
Impact of Machine Parameters on Knit Fabric GSM and Shrinkage
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Mohsin Ul , Rassel Md. Anisuzzaman
Published: February 2022

Knitted fabrics have a tendency to undergo some dimensional changes and GSM variation due to different knitting parameters. The investigation was carried out to relate the effect of different yarn counts, stitch lengths, machine gauge on fabric thickness variation and shrinkage behavior of the fabric. In this study the experimental results showed that fabric GSM varies as machine gauge changes by using same yarn count. On the contrary, when machine gauge and yarn count was fixed, the changes of fabric GSM was very negligible. For finer yarn count with different machine gauge GSM variation is more compared to coarser yarn count. But with same machine gauge GSM was very closer for both of finer and coarser yarn count. Fabric shrinkage both in lengthwise and widthwise is more fore finer yarn count than coarser yarn count. This study supports that, selection yarn count and calculation of stitch length was not only the way to meet buyer requirements regarding fabric thickness and shrinkage properties. The results found from this work will guide the determination to pick up right machine gauge, management of correct yarn diameter along with meticulous stitch length estimation.
DNS Data Exfiltration Detection Using Online Planning for POMDP
Authors: Bubnov Yakov
Published: February 2022

This paper addresses a problem of blocking Domain Name System (DNS) exfiltration in a computer network. DNS exfiltration implies unauthorized transfer of sensitive data from the organization network to the remote adversary. Given detector of data exfiltration in DNS lookup queries this paper proposes an approach to automate query blocking decisions. More precisely, it defines an L-parametric Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) formulation to enforce query blocking strategy on each network egress point, where L is a hyper-parameter that defines necessary level of the network security. The efficiency of the approach is based on (i) absence of interactions between distributed detectors, blocking decisions are taken individually by each detector; (ii) blocking strategy is applied to each particular query, therefore minimizing potentially incorrect blocking decisions.
Hardware co-simulation of 1024-point FFT and it's Implementation, in Simulink, Xilinx Vivado IDE on Zynq-7000 FPGA
Authors: Shashidhara K. S. , Srinivasaiah H. C.
Published: February 2022

In this paper a 1024-point FFT Algorithm is implemented on Zynq-7000 FPGA device. The design implementation uses Hardware co-simulation in Simulink and Xilinx Vivado environments with Zynq-7000 FPGA target evaluation board using JTAG setup.  The power parameter for the configured FFT IP core for 1024 point and the signal source DDS block are estimated. The DDS with both sine and cosine signal outputs enabled, consume a power of 0.277 W, whereas, the 1024 point FFT core consume a power of 0.044 W. Further when 2 DDSs were instanced to generate orthogonal sine and cosine sources for OFDM signals of same frequency 1MHz each, a total of 0.277W power is consumed. When a single DDS core is configured for both sine or cosine signal only configuration by instancing a 1024-point FFT core the total power consumed is 0.268W and 0.267W, respectively, a 1mW higher to cosine case. Further, when 1024 point FFT core power alone is calculated it is found to be 0.044W (or 44mW). When a single DDS is instanced for OFDM signal generation by opting both the sine cosine signals, it consumed a total power of 0.233 W saving a power of 0.044W or 44mW by sine or cosine data re-use from the LUT ROM of DDS. Thus saving a power of 44mW by using data re-use through LUT’s of DDS. This is a significant power saving. In this, hardware co-simulation process, Xilinx system generator tool (Sysgen) is used. This implementation is coded using Verilog HDL, verified on Xilinx Vivado platform on the  Zynq-7000 FPGA device. Note that Zynq-7000 is supporting hardware co-simulation, hence the 1024-point FFT  has been implemented on this device. The simulation results are captured on Xilinx signal viewer for a proper conclusion.
Data-Driven Hint Generation in Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Learning Microeconomics
Authors: Hieu Bui Trong , Uyen Bui Thi Kim
Published: February 2022

Scientific inquiry skills is used in all educational areas. In the context of microeconomics, it is widely known that the development of scientific inquiry skills is central to the construction of ideas that enable understanding. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) have been shown to be effective in supporting students' domain-level learning through guided problem solving practice. ITSs provide personalized feedback (in the form of hints) to students and improve learning at effect sizes approaching that of human tutors. However, creating an ITS to adapt to individual students requires the involvement of experts to provide knowledge about both the academic domain and novice student behavior in that domain’s curriculum. Creating an ITS requires time, resources, and multidisciplinary skills. Because of the large possible range of problem solving behavior for any individual topic, the amount of expert involvement required to create an effective, adaptable tutoring system can be high, especially in open-ended problem solving domains. Data-driven ITSs have shown much promise in increasing effectiveness by analyzing past data in order to quickly generate hints to individual students. However, the fundamental long term goal was to develop “better, faster, and cheaper” ITSs. The main goal of this paper is to: 1) presents ITSs used in the microeconomics education; and 2) introduce data-driven ITSs for microeconomics education.
Overview Study of Camless Combustion Engines
Authors: Truong Thanh Hai , Dong Van Huong
Published: February 2022

The internal combustion engine (ICE) finds its place in the market with latest design modifications in various components to improve efficiency, economy and overall performance. However, one component has remained unchanged in the internal combustion engine development i.e., the camshaft, has been the primary means of controlling the valve actuation and timing, and therefore, influencing the overall performance of the vehicle. Camless technology is capturing the future of internal combustion engines. It has been known to man that if valves could be controlled independently in an Internal Combustion Engine then there would be benefits like increased power, reduced emissions and increased fuel economy. In the camless technology valve motion is operated by valve actuators of electro-mechanical and electro-hydraulic type. In this paper we compare camless valve operation with conventional valve operation and we deal with the valve actuating mechanisms of camless engine by considering the electromechanical and electrohydraulic actuators as the important types of actuating valves in camless engines.
Analysis of Low Temperature Process for Technical Application
Authors: Dong Thi Minh Hao , Truong Thanh Hai
Published: February 2022

In the technical work on low temperature so far lacks a full analysis of the basis of thermodynamic processes using modern methods. Meanwhile, the low temperature conventions widely used in different fields. The purpose of this section is to give readers tools for thermodynamic studies and presents changes in the system on a fairly low temperature, intuitive nature and practices for analysis low-temperature processes related to cold and depth on the basis of using a unified approach. The low temperature process is applied in a number of techniques including basic process repeated. So it is best to preliminary studies the changing characteristics of our energy to then study the overall process.