bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impacts of exchange rate on US adjusted bilateral trade balance with Germany under Brexit: A comparative analysis
Authors: Ongan Serdar , Gocer Ismet , Karamelikli Huseyin
Published: June 2024

This study reveals the hidden dynamics of USA‐Germany international trade through a revised J‐curve hypothesis. It emphasizes the inadequacy of the traditional Bilateral Trade Balance (BTB) ratio based on total exports. To this aim, it introduces two new testing approaches based on adjusted BTB: the GDP‐driven‐BTB‐based J‐curve hypothesis (GDPJ) and the Non‐GDP‐driven‐BTB‐based J‐curve hypothesis (NGDPJ). The empirical findings advocate the necessity of these alternative tests, offering policymakers more informative results than the traditional approach. GDPJ is validated for 13 goods, while NGDPJ and traditional methods are validated for 10 and 8 goods. These results underscore the risks of solely relying on the traditional approach. By embracing the revised J‐curve hypothesis and alternative BTBs, policymakers can gain deeper insights into the USA‐Germany trade relationship. One interpretation is that, under Brexit, German consumers reduce their purchases of re‐exported goods more than domestically produced goods from the US.
Identifying measures for coverage of nutrition‐sensitive social protection programs: Learnings from India
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Hong , Avula Rasmi , Neupane Sumanta , Akseer Nadia , Heidkamp Rebecca
Published: June 2024

Optimal child growth requires a combination of nutrition‐specific and sensitive interventions in the first 1,000 days. There is limited guidance on how to measure the population‐level coverage of nutrition‐sensitive social protection (NSSP), which is designed with explicit nutrition goals and often provides food or cash transfers and co‐coverage with nutrition and health intervention. In this study in India, we designed a questionnaire that captures seven core NSSP program elements (transfer type, size, modality, population, timing, provider, conditionalities), then used cognitive testing to refine the questionnaire, and then implemented the questions as part of a telephone survey. Cognitive testing indicated variability in understanding the terms used to specify NSSP programs, including the need to use regional program names. Respondents also had difficulty recalling the timing of the benefit receipt. We included the refined NSSP coverage questions in a phone‐based survey with 6,627 mothers with children <2 years across six states. Coverage of subsidized food was 73% across all households. Women were more likely to report receiving food than cash transfers during pregnancy (89% vs. 60%) and during lactation (75% vs. 13%). Co‐coverage of NSSP with nutrition and health interventions during pregnancy (16%) and early childhood (3%) was low. It was feasible to measure coverage of NSSP investments in these populations; however, further research is needed to comprehensively assess all the dimensions of the NSSP benefits, including benefit adequacy and the validity of these questions when administered in person and by phone.
The disaster liaison for pediatric and perinatal medicine: A new system in Japan
Authors: Ito Tomoya , Misaki Miho , Iwaibara Takayuki , Shimizu Naoki , Nakamura Yasuhide , Takahashi Kenzo
Published: June 2024

Background

Worldwide, children, newborns, and pregnant or postpartum women are vulnerable to disasters and emergency situations, and providing support to this population is of great concern. Japan is located in a disaster‐prone area, so disaster response and risk reduction strategies are important priorities.

Methods

We introduce a system called the Disaster Liaison for Pediatric and Perinatal Medicine (DLPPM). This was created with a specific focus on perinatal children and pregnant women in Japan. We report the details of its activities, discuss its challenges, and draw on lessons learned for the further development of perinatal support systems, particularly for children.

Results

The lessons learned from the activities of the DLPPM include the following: (1) establish a support system for emergency specialists beyond those with pediatric and perinatal specialties; (2) mitigate the risk of indirect damage caused by primary disasters; and (3) establish a networking function linked to existing pediatric and perinatal medicine facilities.

Conclusions

By establishing similar systems, we believe that it will be feasible to address pediatric and perinatal care needs in disaster response contexts in other countries and regions around the world.
Physical and virtual spaces across a continuum of remoteness: Exploring spatial ruptures in remote court hearings
Authors: Hynes Jo
Published: June 2024

The rapid increase in the use of remote platforms in court hearings has fundamentally changed the nature of hearings and produced a productive point of reflection for digital and legal geographies. This paper uses geographical theorisations of space to make sense of digital developments in court space. It proposes that the introduction of remote platforms generates three spatial ruptures in court hearings: the space of remote hearings is dispersed across multiple sites, stretched into non‐traditional justice spaces, and sometimes snapped back into the physical hearing centre. Analysing these spatial ruptures through ethnographic research conducted in immigration bail hearings in the UK offers insights into the relationship between physical and virtual hearing spaces. Specifically, it reveals three things about this relationship: that physical and virtual hearing spaces are relational; that remoteness does not annihilate hearing space; and that remoteness can be best understood as existing on a continuum. In doing so, this paper seeks to bring legal geography's well‐developed understanding of court space into conversation with recent digital developments in courts.
Waste Heat Recovery From Exhaust Gases Using Porous Metal Fins: A Three-Dimensional Numerical Study
Authors: Raje Mohit , Dhiman Amit Kumar
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of different porous metal samples on the hydro-thermal characteristics of a single cylinder with porous fins using computational fluid dynamics. Commercially used porous samples with pore densities of 10, 20, and 40 PPI were used in this study for heat recovery from exhaust flue gas. The three-dimensional computational domain with porous aluminum fins attached to a tube over which high-temperature exhaust gas flows in a crossflow arrangement mimics a waste heat recovery system. Computations were performed at Reynolds number of 6000–9000, using the realizable κ-ϵ turbulence model. Three fin diameter-to-tube diameter ratios (Df /D = 2, 2.5, and 3) were considered. The local thermal nonequilibrium model is implemented for energy transfer, as it is more accurate for a high-temperature gradient scenario in a waste heat recovery system. The foam sample with the highest pore density was observed to have the highest pressure drop due to low permeability. A maximum heat transfer and Nusselt number were achieved for a 40 PPI foam sample due to a reduced flowrate inside the porous zone. The overall performance of metal foam samples at varying fin diameters was evaluated based on the area goodness factor (j/f) and a heat transfer coefficient ratio to pumping power per unit heat transfer surface (Z/E). The analysis of these two parameters suggests using 20 PPI foam at Df /D = 2.
The Mesoamerican giant toad (Rhinella horribilis) as bioindicator of vegetation degradation in a tropical forest
Authors: Duque Amado Carmen , Megía-Palma Rodrigo
Published: June 2024

Identifying species that can serve as bioindicators of environmental quality is essential for monitoring the anthropogenic impact. Common and widespread species can be ideal bioindicators due to their abundance and easy monitoring, but a confirmation of their differential responses as a function of habitat perturbation is needed. Because amphibians are known as good bioindicators of environmental perturbation, we conducted this work to identify whether a common, generalist amphibian species, the Mesoamerican giant toad (Rhinella horribilis), could serve as a bioindicator of environmental degradation in a tropical forest. We sampled toads in two areas of tropical forest that differed in anthropogenic degradation (primary vs. secondary forest), establishing in each of these areas two sections of the same surface area but differing in substrate (grass vs. sand). We analyzed toad abundance, sex ratio, body length and condition, and the amount and distribution across the body of ectoparasites (ticks). We analyzed 59 toads that were infested with 503 ticks. Based on a multi-model inference approach, the results suggested that toads were more abundant and had lower body condition in the secondary than in the primary forest. In the secondary forest, females were proportionally less abundant than males. The tick loads responded to an interaction of the body area with either the forest type or the substrate, with increased occurrence of ticks in toads from secondary forests and from grass sections. The differences found between the primary and secondary forests in sex ratio, toad abundance, body condition, and tick load across body regions are consistent with previous studies in other less common species of amphibians and thus posit R. horribilis as a good bioindicator of anthropic disturbance in this tropical forest.
COVID-19 point-of-care tests can identify low-antibody individuals: In-depth immunoanalysis of boosting benefits in a healthy cohort
Authors: Mallory Michael , Munt Jennifer E. , Narowski Tara M. , Castillo Izabella , Cuadra Edwing , Pisanic Nora , Fields Paul , Powers John M. , Dickson Alexandria , Harris Rohan , Wargowsky Richard , Moran Seamus , Allabban Ahmed , Raphel Kristin , McCaffrey Timothy A. , Brien James D. , Heaney Christopher D. , Lafleur John E. , Baric Ralph S. , Premkumar Lakshmanane
Published: June 2024

The recommended COVID-19 booster vaccine uptake is low. At-home lateral flow assay (LFA) antigen tests are widely accepted for detecting infection during the pandemic. Here, we present the feasibility and potential benefits of using LFA-based antibody tests as a means for individuals to detect inadequate immunity and make informed decisions about COVID-19 booster immunization. In a health care provider cohort, we investigated the changes in the breadth and depth of humoral and T cell immune responses following mRNA vaccination and boosting in LFA-positive and LFA-negative antibody groups. We show that negative LFA antibody tests closely reflect the lack of functional humoral immunity observed in a battery of sophisticated immune assays, while positive results do not necessarily reflect adequate immunity. After booster vaccination, both groups gain depth and breadth of systemic antibodies against evolving SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. Our findings show that LFA-based antibody tests can alert individuals about inadequate immunity against COVID-19, thereby increasing booster shots and promoting herd immunity.
Neuroimaging epicenters as potential sites of onset of the neuroanatomical pathology in schizophrenia
Authors: Jiang Yuchao , Palaniyappan Lena , Luo Cheng , Chang Xiao , Zhang Jie , Tang Yingying , Zhang Tianhong , Li Chunbo , Zhou Enpeng , Yu Xin , Li Wei , An Dongmei , Zhou Dong , Huang Chu-Chung , Tsai Shih-Jen , Lin Ching-Po , Cheng Jingliang , Wang Jijun , Yao Dezhong , Cheng Wei , Feng Jianfeng ,   the ZIB Consortium
Published: June 2024

Schizophrenia lacks a clear definition at the neuroanatomical level, capturing the sites of origin and progress of this disorder. Using a network-theory approach called epicenter mapping on cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging from 1124 individuals with schizophrenia, we identified the most likely “source of origin” of the structural pathology. Our results suggest that the Broca’s area and adjacent frontoinsular cortex may be the epicenters of neuroanatomical pathophysiology in schizophrenia. These epicenters can predict an individual’s response to treatment for psychosis. In addition, cross-diagnostic similarities based on epicenter mapping over of 4000 individuals diagnosed with neurological, neurodevelopmental, or psychiatric disorders appear to be limited. When present, these similarities are restricted to bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We provide a comprehensive framework linking schizophrenia-specific epicenters to multiple levels of neurobiology, including cognitive processes, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, and human brain gene expression. Epicenter mapping may be a reliable tool for identifying the potential onset sites of neural pathophysiology in schizophrenia.
Genetic variants that modify neuroendocrine gene expression and foraging behavior of
C. elegans
Authors: Lee Harksun , Boor Sonia A. , Hilbert Zoë A. , Meisel Joshua D. , Park Jaeseok , Wang Ye , McKeown Ryan , Fischer Sylvia E. J. , Andersen Erik C. , Kim Dennis H.
Published: June 2024

The molecular mechanisms underlying diversity in animal behavior are not well understood. A major experimental challenge is determining the contribution of genetic variants that affect neuronal gene expression to differences in behavioral traits. In
Caenorhabditis elegans
, the neuroendocrine transforming growth factor–β ligand, DAF-7, regulates diverse behavioral responses to bacterial food and pathogens. The dynamic neuron-specific expression of
daf-7
is modulated by environmental and endogenous bacteria-derived cues. Here, we investigated natural variation in the expression of
daf-7
from the ASJ pair of chemosensory neurons. We identified common genetic variants in
gap-2
, encoding a Ras guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)–activating protein homologous to mammalian synaptic Ras GTPase-activating protein, which modify
daf-7
expression cell nonautonomously and promote exploratory foraging behavior in a partially DAF-7–dependent manner. Our data connect natural variation in neuron-specific gene expression to differences in behavior and suggest that genetic variation in neuroendocrine signaling pathways mediating host-microbe interactions may give rise to diversity in animal behavior.
Tau fibrils evade autophagy by excessive p62 coating and TAX1BP1 exclusion
Authors: Ferrari Luca , Bauer Bernd , Qiu Yue , Schuschnig Martina , Klotz Sigrid , Anrather Dorothea , Juretschke Thomas , Beli Petra , Gelpi Ellen , Martens Sascha
Published: June 2024

The accumulation of protein aggregates is a hallmark of many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. As a major pillar of the proteostasis network, autophagy mediates the degradation of protein aggregates. The autophagy cargo receptor p62 recognizes ubiquitin on proteins and cooperates with TAX1BP1 to recruit the autophagy machinery. Paradoxically, protein aggregates are not degraded in various diseases despite p62 association. Here, we reconstituted the recognition by the autophagy receptors of physiological and pathological Tau forms. Monomeric Tau recruits p62 and TAX1BP1 via the sequential actions of the chaperone and ubiquitylation machineries. In contrast, Tau fibrils from Alzheimer’s disease brains are recognized by p62 but fail to recruit TAX1BP1. This failure is due to the masking of fibrils ubiquitin moieties by p62. Tau fibrils are resistant to deubiquitylation, and, thus, this nonproductive interaction of p62 with the fibrils is irreversible. Our results shed light on the mechanism underlying autophagy evasion by protein aggregates and their consequent accumulation in disease.
Nutrient-sensitizing drug repurposing screen identifies lomerizine as a mitochondrial metabolism inhibitor of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Khalaf Ahmed , de Beauchamp Lucie , Kalkman Eric , Rattigan Kevin , Himonas Ekaterini , Jones Joe , James Daniel , Shokry Engy Shokry Abd , Scott Mary T. , Dunn Karen , Tardito Saverio , Copland Mhairi , Sumpton David , Shanks Emma , Helgason G. Vignir
Published: June 2024

In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the persistence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, can lead to disease relapse. It is known that therapy-resistant LSCs rely on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for their survival and that targeting mitochondrial respiration sensitizes CML LSCs to imatinib treatment. However, current OXPHOS inhibitors have demonstrated limited efficacy or have shown adverse effects in clinical trials, highlighting that identification of clinically safe oxidative pathway inhibitors is warranted. We performed a high-throughput drug repurposing screen designed to identify mitochondrial metabolism inhibitors in myeloid leukemia cells. This identified lomerizine, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved voltage-gated Ca
2+
channel blocker now used for the treatment of migraines, as one of the top hits. Transcriptome analysis revealed increased expression of voltage-gated
CACNA1D
and receptor-activated
TRPC6
Ca
2+
channels in CML LSCs (CD34
+
CD38
−
) compared with normal counterparts. This correlated with increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mass and increased ER and mitochondrial Ca
2+
content in CML stem/progenitor cells. We demonstrate that lomerizine-mediated inhibition of Ca
2+
uptake leads to ER and mitochondrial Ca
2+
depletion, with similar effects seen after
CACNA1D
and
TRPC6
knockdown. Through stable isotope-assisted metabolomics and functional assays, we observe that lomerizine treatment inhibits mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and selectively sensitizes CML LSCs to imatinib treatment. In addition, combination treatment with imatinib and lomerizine reduced CML tumor burden, targeted CML LSCs, and extended survival in xenotransplantation model of human CML, suggesting this as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent disease relapse in patients.
Heterotypic immunity from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection but not COVID-19 vaccination associates with lower endemic coronavirus incidence
Authors: Bean David J. , Monroe Janet , Liang Yan Mei , Borberg Ella , Senussi Yasmeen , Swank Zoe , Chalise Sujata , Walt David , Weinberg Janice , Sagar Manish
Published: June 2024

Immune responses from prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 vaccination mitigate disease severity, but they do not fully prevent subsequent infections, especially from genetically divergent strains. We examined the incidence of and immune differences against human endemic coronaviruses (eCoVs) as a proxy for response against future genetically heterologous coronaviruses (CoVs). We assessed differences in symptomatic eCoV and non-CoV respiratory disease incidence among those with known prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or previous COVID-19 vaccination but no documented SARS-CoV-2 infection or neither exposure. Retrospective cohort analyses suggest that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not previous COVID-19 vaccination alone, associates with a lower incidence of subsequent symptomatic eCoV infection. There was no difference in non-CoV incidence, implying that the observed difference was eCoV specific. In a second cohort where both cellular and humoral immunity were measured, those with prior SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure had lower eCoV-directed neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that neutralization is not responsible for the observed decreased eCoV disease. The three groups had similar cellular responses against the eCoV spike protein and nucleocapsid antigens. However, CD8
+
T cell responses to the nonstructural eCoV proteins nsp12 and nsp13 were higher in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection as compared with the other groups. This association between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreased incidence of eCoV disease may therefore be due to a boost in CD8
+
T cell responses against eCoV nsp12 and nsp13, suggesting that incorporation of nonstructural viral antigens in a future pan-CoV vaccine may improve vaccine efficacy.
Answer to June 2024 Photo Quiz
Authors: Liang Ni , Li Liang-Ming , Fan Yi-Ming
Published: June 2024

Read the full article for the answer.
L-tyrosine for treatment of an infant with nemaline rod myopathy
Authors: Dalal Neha , Naranje Kirti , Moriangthem Amita , Singh Anita
Published: June 2024

Nemaline rod myopathy is an extremely rare muscle disease responsible for hypotonia and poor muscle strength in infants. The disease has variable phenotypic presentations across different ages, ranging from neonatal to the adult onset and from severe to asymptomatic varieties. Clinical features, muscle biopsy and genetic testing help in diagnosis. The histopathological examination shows the presence of rod-like structures or nemaline bodies in muscles. Management remains mainly supportive, and currently, there is no available curative treatment. This case report describes an infant presenting with gross hypotonia, poor handling of secretions and multiple extubation failures who was diagnosed by clinical exome sequencing. The patient harboured compound heterozygous variants in the NEB gene suggestive of nemaline rod myopathy. The newborn showed significant improvement in muscle strength after he was started on dietary L-tyrosine supplementation. This case highlights the emerging role of L-tyrosine in the supportive care of infants with nemaline rod myopathy.
No frugal innovation without frugal evaluation: the Global IDEAL Sub-Framework
Authors: Bolton William S , Aruparayil Noel K , Cundill Bonnie , McCulloch Peter , Gnanaraj Jesudian , Bundu Ibrahim , Culmer Peter R , Brown Julia M , Scott Julian , Jayne David G
Published: June 2024

Objective

The Global IDEAL Sub-Framework Study aimed to combine the intended effects of the 2009/2019 IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study) Framework recommendations on evaluating surgical innovation with the vision outlined by the 2015 Lancet Commission on Global Surgery to provide recommendations for evaluating surgical innovation in low-resource environments.

Design

A mixture of methods including an online global survey and semistructured interviews (SSIs). Quantitative data were summarized with descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed using the Framework Method.

Participants

Surgeons and surgical researchers from any country.

Main outcome measures

Findings were used to suggest the nature of adaptations to the IDEAL Framework to address the particular problems of evaluation in low-resource settings.

Results

The online survey yielded 66 responses representing experience from 40 countries, and nine individual SSIs were conducted. Most respondents (n=49; 74.2%) had experience evaluating surgical technologies across a range of life cycle stages. Innovation was most frequently adopted based on colleague recommendation or clinical evaluation in other countries. Four themes emerged, centered around: frugal innovation in technological development; evaluating the same technology/innovation in different contexts; additional methodologies important in evaluation of surgical innovation in low/middle-income countries; and support for low-income country researchers along the evaluation pathway.

Conclusions

The Global IDEAL Sub-Framework provides suggestions for modified IDEAL recommendations aimed at dealing with the special problems found in this setting. These will require validation in a stakeholder consensus forum, and qualitative assessment in pilot studies. From assisting researchers with identification of the correct evaluation stage, to providing context-specific recommendations relevant to the whole evaluation pathway, this process will aim to develop a comprehensive and applicable set of guidance that will benefit surgical innovation and patients globally.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities Evaluation, Phytochemical Characterisation of Rhizome from Angiopteris helferiana and Barks from Saurauia fasciculata in Nepal
Authors: Yadav Ram Kishor , Dhakal Akriti , Timilsina Kalpana , Shrestha Priyanka , Poudel Sandesh , KC Sindhu , Jha Prabhat Kumar , Bhandari Rekha , Joshi Khem Raj
Published: June 2024

Ethnomedicinally, more than 2000 plants were found to be used in Nepal. Among them, the red colored rhizome of Angiopteris helferiana and the bark of Saurauia fasciculata have been used widely to treat muscle fatigue, bone pain, fever, postpartum hemorrhage, and thirst by healers in Kaski and Tanahun districts, Nepal. However, scientific evidence towards their traditional uses is lacking till December, 2023. Therefore, we report the phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total carbohydrate content (TCC), antioxidant and antibacterial activities of A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extracts. Phytochemical analysis indicated that A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extracts were potential sources of chemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and carbohydrates. The TPC, TFC, and TCC of extracts were determined by using an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. Among the extracts tested, A. helferiana extracts showed the highest phenolic and carbohydrate contents of 208.33 ± 12.96 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g and 564.16 ± 2.92 mg of D‐glucose equivalent/g of dry extract, respectively. Similarly, S. fasciculata revealed the highest flavonoid content of 30.35 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract. The extract of A. helferiana and S. fasciculata exhibited potent antioxidant activity by scavenging 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals with an IC50 of 25.9 µg/ml and 31.07 µg/ml, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was determined using an agar‐well diffusion protocol that revealed the potential antibacterial activity of A. helferiana against E. coli. The present study will help validate the traditional uses of A. helferiana rhizomes and S. fasciculata barks as a healing medicine and inspire the researcher towards further research, development, and formulation.
Global Prevalence of Nurse Turnover Rates: A Meta‐Analysis of 21 Studies from 14 Countries
Authors: Ren Hui , Li Pan , Xue Yingchun , Xin Wenhao , Yin Xin , Li Hongyan
Published: June 2024

Background. Nurses represent the largest occupational group within the health care system, comprising half of the global health workforce. Health care settings are facing severe shortages in countries worldwide, with nurse turnover being identified as the primary reason for this shortage. However, estimates of nurse turnover rates vary widely in the relevant literature. Objective. This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the global nurse turnover rate since 2000 and provide evidence‐based assistance to health policy makers and hospital managers. Methods. A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted for relevant articles from January 1, 2000, to February 1, 2023. This study included cross‐sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies. In the meta‐analysis, further risk of bias, heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Stata 17.0 was used for all of the statistical analyses. Results. In total, 48,157 records were scrutinized in this study, and 21 investigations encompassing 213,314 nurses across 14 countries were eventually included. The global nurse turnover rate ranged between 8% and 36.6%, and the combined nurse turnover rate was 16% (95% confidence interval: 14%–17%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the turnover rate was 19% (95% CI: 14%–23%) in Asia and 15% (95% CI: 13%–17%) in North America. Conclusions. This meta‐analysis analysed the literature published from January 2020 to February 2023 and demonstrated that the global nurse turnover rate was 16%. It is suggested that all medical and health institutions actively adopt relevant systems that can reduce the turnover of nurses and promote a more harmonious, healthy, and safe occupational environment for nurses to strengthen the sustainable development capacity of the nurse workforce.
Intercultural Translation and Application of the German Version of King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Questionnaire in Fluctuating Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Löhle Matthias , Jost Wolfgang H. , Bremer Alexander , Gandor Florin , Rizos Alexandra , Martinez-Martin Pablo , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Odin Per , Ebersbach Georg , Storch Alexander
Published: June 2024

Background. Pain is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and impairs quality of life. The King’s PD pain questionnaire (KPPQ) is a standardized, reliable, and valid self‐administered questionnaire for screening of pain in PD. We developed a linguistically validated German version of the KPPQ and applied it to a cohort with fluctuating PD. Methods. The interculturally adapted German translation was performed according to internationally accepted procedures in coordination with the authors of the original publication but without further psychometric validation. After final approval by all translators and original authors, the German version was then tested for feasibility and comprehension in 30 PD patients. After final adaption, the German KPPQ together with the German quantitative KPPS were applied to an independent cohort of fluctuating PD patients within the VALIDATE‐PD study. Results. The use of the German version of the KPPQ in clinical practice or in the VALIDATE‐PD study revealed no significant problems of understanding. Sufficient datasets were available from 47 patients with motor fluctuations (24 (51%) males, 23 (49%) females; median (interquartile range (IQR)) age: 65 (58‐73) years; median (IQR) Hoehn and Yahr stage: 2.5 [2‐3]). Total pain was reported by 43 (92%) of participants with a median number of 4 (IQR: 2‐5) pain subtypes. We did not observe any associations of total pain frequency, neither with gender nor with other demographic or clinical parameters. Conclusions. The German version of the KPPQ is recommended as a questionnaire for assessing the frequency of pain and its subtypes in PD in clinical studies and/or routine care.
Impact of Obesity on Cardiac Volumes and Left Ventricular Diameter: A Cross‐Sectional Study in an Iranian Heart Center
Authors: Omidi Fatemeh , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Sadeghi Soheila
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Obesity, a pressing global health issue worldwide, contributes to risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, creating an unfavorable cardiovascular environment and increasing the likelihood of adverse cardiac events. His study aims to assess the impact of obesity on various cardiovascular parameters. Methods. A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted at a Heart Center, focusing on adults admitted for suspected heart diseases. The dataset included information on demographics, clinical history, laboratory results, and echocardiography. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were employed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Results. The study of 105 individuals with suspected heart diseases revealed prevalent health factors such as hypertension (47.6%) and hyperlipidemia (61%). Body mass index (BMI) averaged 30, indicating a trend toward overweight. Obesity significantly associated with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP, p = 0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, p = 0.002), larger cardiac volumes (end‐diastolic volume, EDV, p = 0.013; end‐systolic volume, ESV, p = 0.040), and a marginally significant influence on left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD, p = 0.068). No significant associations were found with left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (LVEDS), heart rate (HR), or ejection fraction (EF). Conclusions. Our study highlights a significant association between obesity and elevated blood pressure, larger cardiac volumes, and a marginal impact on left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter. While caution is needed in inferring causation due to the study’s cross‐sectional nature, these findings underscore the importance of addressing obesity as a potential risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Further investigations are warranted to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between obesity and cardiovascular health.
Levels and Predictors of Leaders’ Humble Leadership, Participants’ Psychological Safety, Knowledge Sharing in the Team, and Followers’ Creativity in Nursing: A Cross‐Sectional Online Survey
Authors: Mrayyan Majd T. , Al-Rjoub Saleem F.
Published: June 2024

Aim. The current study investigated the levels and predictors of leaders’ humble leadership, participants’ psychological safety, knowledge sharing in the team, and followers’ creativity in nursing. Background. Humble leadership, psychological safety, knowledge sharing, and followers’ creativity are non‐nursing research fields, and humble leadership has recently been examined in nursing. Methods. A cross‐sectional research design was employed via an online survey. A nonprobability convenience snowball sample of 245 nursing academics (n = 85, 34.70%), nurses (n = 140, 57.10%), and nursing leaders (n = 20, 8.20%) was recruited from three universities and three hospitals. Results. The participants rated “high” the leaders’ humble leadership, knowledge sharing in the team, and followers’ creativity in nursing. However, participants’ psychological safety was precarious. The four variables’ predictors were assessed based on the sample’s characteristics. Leaders’ humble leadership did not predict participants’ psychological safety; the sole predictor of the variable was the organization’s quality initiatives. The predictors of knowledge sharing in the team were leaders’ humble leadership, age, level of education, and accreditation initiatives in the organizations. The predictors of followers’ creativity were leaders’ humble leadership, level of education, and quality initiatives in the organizations. The lowest means of the four variables should be immediately managed. Conclusion. Quality initiatives in organizations and the number of tenures were the most influential predictors of the four variables evaluated. Leaders’ humble leadership predicted knowledge sharing in the team and followers’ creativity, but not participants’ psychological safety. As followers’ psychological safety contributes to trustful relationships within the team, workplace boundaries and conducive work environments should be promoted. Training programs are required to develop humble nurses and leaders’ leadership.
A Novel Approach for Conservative Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder Cases: Experience of a Single Surgeon
Authors: Yalınkaya Ahmet , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil
Published: June 2024

Background: This study is aimed at evaluating the conservative surgical treatment of patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder and at presenting the experience of a single surgeon.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 245 patients with placenta previa accompanied by PAS disorders operated at a university hospital between June 2013 and December 2023. The diagnosis of PAS was made by a single perinatologist using a combination of transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasonography. All patients were operated with conservative surgical technique by the same surgeon. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the anesthesia and incision types used, and the details of the surgical technique were evaluated.

Results: Of the patients, 165 were operated on at the scheduled time, 80 were operated on under emergency conditions, and 232 (94.69%) of them were operated on under spinal anesthesia. All patients were operated on with a Pfannenstiel incision followed by a transverse incision to the upper border of the placenta to enter into the uterus. An average of 0.52 units of red blood cells per patient was transfused to all patients. Spontaneous intra‐abdominal bleeding developed in five patients, and surgical complications occurred in eight patients. No cesarean hysterectomy was performed, and no maternal mortality was detected in any of the cases. The mean time duration of surgery was 54.44 ± 11.37 (30–90) min, and the mean length of hospital stay was 1.71 ± 1.30 (1–9) days.

Conclusions: We recommend this procedure as a novel technique and a robust and safe alternative to peripartum hysterectomy and other conservative surgical management procedures for cases with complete PP accompanied with PAS. This technique preserves the uterus as well as reduces blood loss, and transfusion requirement, and thus maternal morbidity and mortality in PAS cases.
Table S9 from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

Cancer Type Specific Prediction Results
Table S5 from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

Description of all features available for classification.
Table S3 from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

Cohort Demographic Table. TMB = Tumor Mutational Burden, SD = Standard Deviation
Table S16 from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

GDD-ENS performance across tumor content thresholds
Supplementary Methods from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Methods and References
Figure S9: Shapley Value Heatmaps Across Cancer Types from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

Heatmap of Association Scores across cancer types, defined as aggregated Shapley value effect scores across signatures (A), structural variants (B), and chromosome arms (C) with the highest p-value following Mann-Whitney U-test. For (C), red associations indicate a gain in arm, while blue indicates a loss. * = significant association with Bonferroni-corrected P-value < .05
Figure S7: Individual Type Shapley Values - Broad Categories from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

Features leading to correct predictions of all 38 cancer types included, aggregated by broad feature category, using normalized Shapley value effect score, as previously described (Fig S6, Methods).
Figure S4: Ancestry Accuracy Differentials from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

(A) Overall proportion of all annotated ancestries across the training set (left) and testing set (right). Numbers over each bar indicate total within each category. EUR, European; ADM, Admixed; EAS, East Asian; AFR, African; SAS, South Asian; NAM, Native American (B) High-confidence proportion (left) and accuracy (right) for European (EUR), East Asian (EAS), African (AFR) and South Asian (SAS) compared to the overall high-confidence proportion and accuracy across the test set. P-values from a two-sided Fisher's exact test comparing the proportions of these metrics to the overall distribution per ancestry are shown above each bar.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Mechanistic Characterization of Cancer-associated Fibroblast Depletion via an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein
Authors: Gallant Joseph P. , Hintz Hallie M. , Gunaratne Gihan S. , Breneman Matthew T. , Recchia Emma E. , West Jayden L. , Ott Kendahl L. , Heninger Erika , Jackson Abigail E. , Luo Natalie Y. , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Hernandez Reinier , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M. , Meimetis Labros , Kosoff David , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: June 2024

mRNA expression of cytokines
Supplementary Figure 3 from Mechanistic Characterization of Cancer-associated Fibroblast Depletion via an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein
Authors: Gallant Joseph P. , Hintz Hallie M. , Gunaratne Gihan S. , Breneman Matthew T. , Recchia Emma E. , West Jayden L. , Ott Kendahl L. , Heninger Erika , Jackson Abigail E. , Luo Natalie Y. , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Hernandez Reinier , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M. , Meimetis Labros , Kosoff David , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: June 2024

Determining the therapeutic window in the Stacks
Supplementary Figure 2 from Mechanistic Characterization of Cancer-associated Fibroblast Depletion via an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein
Authors: Gallant Joseph P. , Hintz Hallie M. , Gunaratne Gihan S. , Breneman Matthew T. , Recchia Emma E. , West Jayden L. , Ott Kendahl L. , Heninger Erika , Jackson Abigail E. , Luo Natalie Y. , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Hernandez Reinier , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M. , Meimetis Labros , Kosoff David , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: June 2024

ADC efficacy in multiple cell lines
Supplementary Figure 1 from Mechanistic Characterization of Cancer-associated Fibroblast Depletion via an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein
Authors: Gallant Joseph P. , Hintz Hallie M. , Gunaratne Gihan S. , Breneman Matthew T. , Recchia Emma E. , West Jayden L. , Ott Kendahl L. , Heninger Erika , Jackson Abigail E. , Luo Natalie Y. , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Hernandez Reinier , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M. , Meimetis Labros , Kosoff David , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: June 2024

Antibody Humanization
FIGURE 4 from Mechanistic Characterization of Cancer-associated Fibroblast Depletion via an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein
Authors: Gallant Joseph P. , Hintz Hallie M. , Gunaratne Gihan S. , Breneman Matthew T. , Recchia Emma E. , West Jayden L. , Ott Kendahl L. , Heninger Erika , Jackson Abigail E. , Luo Natalie Y. , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Hernandez Reinier , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M. , Meimetis Labros , Kosoff David , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: June 2024

Specificity of huB12-MMAE treatment in the Stacks. A, Workflow of treatment and analysis of CAF-tumor models using huB12-MMAE. B, Viability analysis of CAFS (hPrCSC-44/top) and tumor cells (22Rv1/bottom) in monoculture (left) and coculture (right) using indicated concentrations of huB12-MMAE for 72 hours.
FIGURE 3 from Mechanistic Characterization of Cancer-associated Fibroblast Depletion via an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein
Authors: Gallant Joseph P. , Hintz Hallie M. , Gunaratne Gihan S. , Breneman Matthew T. , Recchia Emma E. , West Jayden L. , Ott Kendahl L. , Heninger Erika , Jackson Abigail E. , Luo Natalie Y. , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Hernandez Reinier , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M. , Meimetis Labros , Kosoff David , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: June 2024

In vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of huB12-MMAE. A, FAP-targeted ADCs show a potent and FAP-selective cytotoxic activity. Cell viability hPrCSC-44, CWR-R1FAP, PC3, and CWR-R1 cell lines. Cells were treated for 72 hours with a serial dilution of either huB12 IgG or an isotype control IgG with or without an MMAE warhead. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 biological replicates). B, HuB12 ADC therapy demonstrates significant tumor control compared with the saline arm. Black arrows signify treatment administration (*, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01, ANOVA mixed methods test). C, Kaplan–Meier survival curve for mice treated with therapeutic antibodies, huB12 ADC or Isotype Control ADC compared with saline control mice. Mice treated with huB12 ADC survived significantly longer than the controls, HR analysis used for statistical analysis.
FIGURE 2 from Mechanistic Characterization of Cancer-associated Fibroblast Depletion via an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein
Authors: Gallant Joseph P. , Hintz Hallie M. , Gunaratne Gihan S. , Breneman Matthew T. , Recchia Emma E. , West Jayden L. , Ott Kendahl L. , Heninger Erika , Jackson Abigail E. , Luo Natalie Y. , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Hernandez Reinier , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M. , Meimetis Labros , Kosoff David , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: June 2024

PET/CT imaging of FAP in vivo. A, Representative PET/CT images of mice bearing subcutaneous 22Rv1/hPrCSC-44 xenografts (white arrowhead). Mice (n = 3/group) received 3.5 MBq (25–50 µg, 7.7 µg/MBq) of [89Zr]Zr-HuB12, 3.6 MBq (25–50 µg, 7.5 µg/MBq) [89Zr]Zr-F19 or 3.4 MBq (25–50 µg, 7.9 µg/MBq) [89Zr]Zr-J591 via tail vein and were imaged at the indicated timepoints. B, Quantitative analysis of subcutaneous xenografts from mice (n = 3/group) revealed significantly higher [89Zr] uptake in the tumors of [89Zr]Zr-HuB12 administered animals compared with the [89Zr]Zr-F19 or [89Zr]Zr-J591 at all timepoints postinjection. Values represent mean ± SEM. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ****, P ≤ 0.0001. C, Radio-competition cell binding results using [89Zr]Zr-HuB12 and either the FAP-positive hPrCSC-44 or FAP-negative 22Rv1 cell line. The IC50 was only determinable for hPrCSC-44 and was measured at 11.6 nmol/L.