bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ebeveyn Tutumları ile Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarında Saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkide Çocukların Empati ve Sosyal Becerilerinin Rolü
Authors: PARSAK Betül , KUZUCU Yaşar
Published: October 2020

Geçmiş araştırmalar, ebeveyn tutumlarının çocukların davranış problemleri üzerindeki önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmalar ebeveyn tutumları ve okul öncesi dönem çocuklarında saldırgan davranışlar arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alsa da, bu ilişkide önemli olan diğer değişkenlerin rolünün alanyazında yeterince incelenmediği görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, ebeveyn tutumları ve okul öncesi çocuklarda saldırganlık ilişkisini anlamak ve çocukların empati ve sosyal becerilerinin aracılık işlevine odaklanmaktır. Ebeveyn tutumlarının saldırgan davranışlarla ilişkisine hem doğrudan hem de empati ve sosyal beceri üzerinden bakılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini İzmir’de Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı anaokullarıyla, ilkokulların anasınıflarında eğitim görmekte olan 210 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Veriler “Çocuk Yetiştirme Anketi”, “Duygu Ayarlama Ölçeği”, “Sosyal Yetkinlik ve Davranış Değerlendirme Ölçeği” ve “Ladd Profilet Davranış Değerlendirme Ölçeği” olmak üzere dört farklı ölçme aracıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmada tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve ön analizler için SPSS (21) kullanılmıştır. Aracılık analizleri yapısal eşitlik modeliyle LISREL (8.80) programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının empati ve sosyal becerilerinin ebeveyn tutumları ile saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında teorik ve uygulamaya dönük sonuçlar tartışılmıştır.
Genç Yetişkinlerde Duygusal Zeka, Empati ve Sosyal Beceri Düzeyi Arası İlişkilerin İncelenmesi
Authors: TATAR Arkun , ÇAMKERTEN Sami , ÖZDEMİR Hüdanur
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada genç yetişkinlerde duygusal zeka, empati ve sosyal beceri düzeyi arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 18-39 yaş arasında 169 kadın ve 150 erkek olmak üzere toplam 319 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcılar A Sosyal Beceri Ölçeği-80, Empati Ölçeği ve Asıl Form Schutte Duygusal Zeka Testi’ni cevaplamıştır. Çalışmada duygusal zeka, empati ve sosyal beceri arası ilişkiler farklı modeller ile incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda ele alınan değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri açıklamaya yönelik yedi model oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan modeller yol analizi ile incelenmiş ve farklı düzeylerde uyum gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Sosyal beceri ile duygusal zeka arasındaki ilişkide empatinin aracı rolünü gösteren model belirtilen modeller içerisinde en iyi uyum gösterge değerleri veren model olarak yer aldığı görülmüştür. Değişkenler arası ilişkiler için elde edilen sonuçlar, yakın geçmişteki ilgili çalışma sonuçları doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır.
Comportamiento sísmico de tanques esféricos elevados de acero para almacenamiento de agua
Authors: Garrido Cesar A. , Fernández-Dávila Víctor I.
Published: October 2020

Se presenta el estudio del comportamiento sísmico estructural de modelos tridimensionales de tanques elevados esféricos de acero definidos paramétricamente. La interacción agua-estructura fue definida mediante modelos mecánicos masa – resorte. Las solicitaciones sísmicas corresponden al espectro de diseño de pseudo-aceleraciones de la norma peruana E.030. Los modelos estudiados se generaron a partir de la combinación de cinco parámetros elásticos identificados de un análisis de sensibilidad realizado a una familia reducida de casos reales; tales parámetros son: la razón de esbeltez (RE), la razón diámetro-espesor de la cuba (DE), la razón de alturas de agua y radio del tanque (RH), el periodo fundamental lateral de vibración del tanque (Ty) y el grado de acoplamiento torsional (Ωθ). Las respuestas de interés fueron los periodos de vibración, la fuerza cortante basal máxima, el momento volcante basal y los desplazamientos laterales máximas. Se observó una clara diferencia entre los modelos de periodo de vibración corto y largo, siendo que en este último caso se presentó un mayor acoplamiento entre el agua y la estructura; además, el parámetro DE resultó muy influyente en todas las respuestas de interés. Se formuló un modelo simplificado que permite obtener las respuestas de interés de manera rápida y confiable, con un margen de error promedio de 7%.
Análise teórica e experimental da deflexão de vigas T pré-moldadas de concreto reciclado
Authors: Aragão Helio Guimaraes , Aragão José Jorge , Lima Paulo Roberto Lopes , Lima Jose Mario Feitosa , Leite Monica Batista
Published: October 2020

O uso de concreto reciclado em lajes pré-moldadas poderia reduzir bastante o consumo de agregado natural e minimizar o impacto ambiental do setor da construção civil. No entanto, devido ao menor módulo de elasticidade do concreto reciclado é necessário avaliar o impacto da substituição do agregado reciclado quanto aos estados limites de deformação das estruturas. Neste trabalho, vigas T foram moldadas com vigotas pré-moldadas de concreto convencional e cobertura de concreto reciclado, para simular a nervura de uma laje pré-moldada, e ensaiadas sob flexão. Foram testados três tipos de concreto, com agregado natural e com teores de substituição do agregado graúdo natural por 50% e 100% de agregado reciclado. Para o cálculo das deformações foi utilizado o modelo bi-linear proposto pelo CEB e equações para o módulo de elasticidade proposta por diversos pesquisadores. Verifica-se que as vigas T com 50% de agregado reciclado apresentaram comportamento mecânico similar à viga com agregado natural. O modelo teórico apresentou boa aproximação com os resultados experimentais, quando a equação do módulo de elasticidade é ajustada para o concreto com agregado reciclado.
COVID-19 hospital designation: Effect on emergency department patient self-selection and volume
Authors: Dhake Sarah , Folk Jessica , Haag Adam , Imas Polina , Au Loretta , Wang Ernest
Published: October 2020

Objective: Combating Coronavirus 2019 has stretched hospital resources to the extreme. In an effort to cohort personnel and equipment, NorthShore University HealthSystem (NSUHS) designated Glenbrook Hospital (GBH) as our “COVID hospital”, which became public knowledge on April 6, 2020. We hypothesize that with this public declaration our emergency department (ED) total volumes and COVID-19 related visits would be affected.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of our total ED volumes and COVID-19 related ED visits from March 12, 2020 until April 30, 2020. The pre public declaration timeframe of March 12-April 5, 2020 acted as our control whereas the post-public declaration acted as the testing group (April 6-April 30, 2020). NSUHS four primary hospitals were included in the analysis. We ran a chi-squared analysis on both groups to determine if there was statistical significance.Results: Both total ED volumes and COVID-19 related ED visits, when comparing pre VS post-public declaration of GBH as the “COVID hospital”, showed statistical significance (p < .001). Three of the four hospitals had a decrease in total ED volumes, whereas the COVID-19 related ED visits increased at two hospitals and decreased at the others.Conclusions: Our results support our hypothesis that after the public declaration of Glenbrook Hospital as the “COVID hospital”, patients’ decision making regarding which ED to visit was significantly affected. Certain limitations, including socioeconomic status and a small geographical footprint of NSUHS, may have affected our results. Further work should be done to reproduce these results to ensure replication.
Impacts of Political Connections on Private Enterprise Performance in China and the Analysis of Mediating Effects
Authors: Wen Yang
Published: October 2020

Based on data of Chinese Private Enterprises Survey (CPES) from 2006-2014, this paper uses OLS model and other empirical methods to estimate the impacts of political connections on private enterprise performance in China, as well as heterogeneous effects and mediating effects of different types of political connections on tax burden and non-productive activities expense. The results show that, political connections contribute significantly to private enterprises. Compared with previous political connections, like working experiences in state-owned enterprises and government-affiliated institutions, current political connections, like deputies to the NPC or members of CPPCC, have played better and further roles in enterprise performance. Tax burden and non-productive activities expense have a mediation effect in the relationship between political connections and enterprise performance. This study replenishes new evidence to describe how political connections affect private enterprise performance in China, and partly explains why private enterprises are keen on setting up political connections, which may provide valuable tips to foster a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business in China.
Research on the Development of China’s Peer-to-Peer Online Lending Industry Based on System Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Xu Lingjuan , Guan Zehua , Ding Lumei , Tao Qiucheng
Published: October 2020

This paper divides the economic operating system of peer-to-peer online lending industry into industry subsystem, investment and financing subsystem and macroeconomic subsystem. By establishing a system dynamics model and conducting simulation analysis, this paper explores the influence and trend characteristics of the monetary policy, regulatory policies and investment and financing expectations to China’s P2P industry development. Tight monetary policy promotes the development of the P2P industry in the short term, but it reduces the scale of the industry in the long run. A strong regulatory policy leads to an outbreak of industry risks in the short term and stabilizes the industry in the long run. Changes in investment and financing expectations make the scale experience the process of falling, slight rising to rapid decline. Based on the simulation results, the policy enlightenment and suggestions can be obtained to promote the steady development of P2P online loan industry.
Development and the Environment: Overview of the Development Planning Process in Agricultural Sector, in Uganda
Authors: Waaswa Andrew , Satognon Felix
Published: October 2020

The social component of the environment associated mostly with human activities has significantly imposed a threat to the only life-support systems of the earth. Uganda made adjustments in its planning process to prioritize environment conservation. However, in the recent past years, mostly between 2013 and 2017, the country stretched its resources to increase agricultural production, both livestock and crops. The objective of this study was to establish and document the development and the environment conservation strategies at global and regional levels with an overview on the development planning process in agricultural sector, in Uganda. The results showed that the sustainable development plans with participatory approach at international, regional, national and local or community levels are the best methods to cope with and reduce the negative impacts of man’s activities on the environment. The understanding of the complexes of the environment is very important to ensure the relationship between the social, economic and environmental protection for a sustainable development. The results also indicated that in Uganda, the agriculture industry made consistent efforts to increase agricultural production by 431,161 hectares and livestock heads by 7,878,000 (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry) between 2013 and 2017. This increased agricultural greenhouse gas emission due to the use of synthetic fertilizers, burning of the cleared grasses, and use of manures applied to boost soil fertility and the reduction in the trees that sequester CO2. This study recommended that the agricultural sector should opt for sustainable agriculture by adopting practices like use of multipurpose crops that can offer environmental services like binding soil particles together to control erosion as well as yielding more food products. Dual-purpose livestock breeds should be adopted to avoid immense numbers that serve different purposes that will probably lead to increased GHG emissions.
Clustering web search results using Wikipedia resource
Authors: Tran Chung , Ameljańczyk Andrzej
Published: October 2020

The paper presents a proposal of a new method for clustering search results. The method uses an external knowledge resource, which can be, for example, Wikipedia. Wikipedia – the largest encyclopedia, is a free and popular knowledge resource which is used to extract topics from short texts. Similarities between documents are calculated based on the similarities between these topics. After that, affinity propagation clustering algorithm is employed to cluster web search results. Proposed method is tested by AMBIENT dataset and evaluated within the experimental framework provided by a SemEval-2013 task. The paper also suggests new method to compare global performance of algorithms using multi – criteria analysis.
Data protection in transactional and statistical applications of databases
Authors: Szafrański Bolesław , Bałazy Rafał
Published: October 2020

The article describes a discussion on the issue of data protection in databases. The discussion attempts to answer the question about the possibility of using a transactional database system as a system capable of data protection in a statistical database. The discussion is preceded by a reminder of the basic issues related to data protection in databases, including reminder of flow control models, access control models and the inference. The key element of the article is the analysis, based on the example of the Oracle database management system, whether data protection mechanisms in transactional databases can be effective in case of data protection in statistical databases.
Nicht auf Polarisierung setzen! Schlussfolgerungen aus den Wahlergebnissen 2019 und 2020 für das Parteiensystem in Deutschland
Authors: Feser Andreas
Published: October 2020

False diagnostics are dangerous if they lead to false therapies . This is also true for election analyses . Diagnostic trends such as “Polarization” and “a new Cleavage” currently dominate the field . Despite being supposed to provide clarity, an in-depth analysis of various parties’ programs seems to hint at centrifugal rather than polarizing forces . If the diagnostic trends were accurate, election results on the federal and state level should align . Traditionally, the same two strongest parties dominated specific regions regardless of state or federal elections - only the results of smaller parties showed regional differences . This pattern, however, no longer describes the current political landscape with significant regional differences which party got the most votes in state and federal elections . Polarization simply cannot overcome the ambiguity of having to root one’s political program in highly accentuated regional party systems and at the same time provide general political directions on a federal level .
An Epidemiologic Analysis of COVID-19 and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) Based on Hospital Data in Hormozgan Province in the South of Iran
Authors: Farshidi Hossein , Hassaniazad Mehdi , Gharibzadeh Abdollah , Hosseinpoor Mahmood , Madani Abdoulhossain , Mohseni Shokrollah , Mouseli Ali , Zakari Abdul-Jabbar , Fakhar Farideh , Ahmadi Asadollah , Raznahan Taiyebeh , Ghanbarnejad Amin , Kamalzadeh Takhti Hesamaldin , Aghamolaei Teamur , Javdan Gholamali , Khorrami Farid , Heyrani Ali , Rezaei Maryam , Morshedi Hassan , Noroziyan Fatemeh , Omrani Mahbobe , Kamali Mina , Shahabi Nahid , Ezati Rad Roghaye , Zareei Faeghe , Dadipoor Sakineh
Published: October 2020

Background: From the general health perspective, the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Hormozgan Province, a region in the south of Iran marked by heavy traffic, can provide useful information to help control the epidemic of the disease in other provinces and the whole country. Objectives: Thus, the present research aimed to epidemiologically analyze COVID-19 patients and patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) based on hospital data in Hormozgan Province. Methods: In the present observational, analytical, cross-sectional study, the epidemiologic data of all 2,055 patients with the symptoms of acute respiratory problems who visited hospitals in Hormozgan between February 20, 2020, and April 19, 2020, were analyzed and reported. Patients’ demographic information included gender, age, and background diseases. Tabulated data, frequencies, and percentages were used for descriptive statistics, and the chi-squared test and odds ratios were used for inferential statistics. Results: The ratios of male to female among people with COVID-19 and respiratory infection were 1.15 and 1.12, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 42.8 ± 21 years. The results revealed that contact with patients had the highest odds ratio (5.41 - 9.30, OR = 7.09) regarding COVID-19 as compared to SARI. Reduced sense of smell (1.86 - 12.87, OR = 4.89), muscular pain (1.24 - 2.14, OR = 1.63), coughs (1.14 - 1.86, OR = 1.46), and fever (1.14 - 1.83, OR = 1.45) showed to have the highest odds ratios concerning the symptoms. As for background diseases, cardiovascular disease (1.004 - 2.110, OR = 1.455), asthma (OR = 1.603, 1.040 - 2.473), and pulmonary chronic disease (1.456 - 3.854, OR = 2.369) had the highest odds ratios. Conclusions: The present findings showed a statistically significant correlation between age and affliction with COVID-19. Moreover, the most prevalent symptoms of the disease were reduced sense of smell, muscular pain, coughs, and fever, as already mentioned in similar studies. The present research showed that patients with cardiovascular disease, asthma, or chronic pulmonary disease had the highest risk of COVID-19.
Effect of Foot Reflexology on Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Anjoman Azari Zahra , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Hughes Ciara , Havizari Shiva
Published: October 2020

Context: Constipation is a prevalent symptom of gastrointestinal disorders, which has an annoying impact on health and quality of life. On the other hand, reflexology is a popular type of complementary and alternative medicine in medical practices. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effect of foot reflexology on constipation symptoms. Methods: Nine databases were systematically searched to detect relevant Randomized Clinical Trials. The current used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to evaluate the methodological quality of the included articles. The primary outcome was the improvement of constipation symptoms. The Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) was measured, and random effects were reported instead of the fixed effects due to the high heterogeneity. Results: Out of the 693 articles retrieved from the databases and eight additional records identified through other sources, 496 titles, 48 abstracts, and 16 full-texts were reviewed, and 11 articles were included in this study, out of which nine articles entered the meta-analysis. The findings of the meta-analysis indicated that foot reflexology had a significant effect on the constipation score (SMD: -0.82; 95% CI: -1.47 to -0.17; P value = 0.0001; I2 = 93%) Conclusions: Foot reflexology can effectively improve constipation symptoms; however, clinical trials with better designs are recommended.
The Needs of Youth and Spatial Justice. How the Inclusion of Youth Preferences Can Support Targeted Regional Policies
Authors: Kulawczuk Przemysław , Poszewiecki Andrzej , Szczęch Adam
Published: October 2020

Euroregion Baltic faces strong depopulation pressure, with Poland and Lithuania both experiencing marked population declines, especially in rural areas, in the last 20 years – thanks to immigration abroad. Internal immigration to these countries’ cities is also taking place. While Germany, Sweden, Russia and Denmark have achieved temporary improvements in population indicators, this was thanks to their willingness to take in war refugees – a factor therefore incidental in nature, and not impacting upon an overall trend seeing people move out of rural areas in large numbers. With a view to this challenge being addressed in a more permanent way, research described here assessed whether the introduction of youth-policy measures might allow for better revamping of regional policies so as to persuade young people to remain in their regions. An assumption underpinning this work was that departure from a region reflects deficits in spatial justice, first and foremost an unequal distribution of infrastructure vis-à-vis education, housing, recreation, jobs, and so on. To determine which spheres critically underpin a decision to leave, young people’s preferences for their futures were studied under the CASYPOT project, involving 6 localities in four of the Euroregion’s states. In the event, the research was able to confirm a capacity on the part of youth surveys to deliver information on factors critical to decision-making that can be regarded as of value as regional policies are reorientated to try and ensure a higher level of spatial justice. The survey showed that factors most likely to prompt out-migration among young people relate to insufficient educational services and the inadequacy of the labour market.
The macro-regionalisation of the western Mediterranean, between renewal and uncompletion
Authors: Perrin Thomas
Published: October 2020

Although there is no ‘proper’ macro-regional strategy of the European Union for the Western Mediterranean, different works have, for decades, pointed out various factors of macro-regional coherence of this area, including many organisations and schemes of cooperation. After presenting the conceptual framework used to address the theme, we characterise the case and indicate the state of macro-regional cooperation in the area. Then we discuss the variables that contribute to this cooperation, and those that limit it. This case study sheds light on how macro-regionalisation, by combining a trans-meso scale and a post-complex rationale, induces a renewal of spatial references and planning policies in the European Union. It opens perspectives for the future programming period of territorial cooperation.
DMT alters cortical travelling waves
Authors: Alamia Andrea , Timmermann Christopher , Nutt David J , VanRullen Rufin , Carhart-Harris Robin L
Published: October 2020

Psychedelic drugs are potent modulators of conscious states and therefore powerful tools for investigating their neurobiology. N,N, Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) can rapidly induce an extremely immersive state of consciousness characterized by vivid and elaborate visual imagery. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological correlates of the DMT-induced altered state from a pool of participants receiving DMT and (separately) placebo (saline) while instructed to keep their eyes closed. Consistent with our hypotheses, results revealed a spatio-temporal pattern of cortical activation (i.e. travelling waves) similar to that elicited by visual stimulation. Moreover, the typical top-down alpha-band rhythms of closed-eyes rest were significantly decreased, while the bottom-up forward wave was significantly increased. These results support a recent model proposing that psychedelics reduce the ‘precision-weighting of priors’, thus altering the balance of top-down versus bottom-up information passing. The robust hypothesis-confirming nature of these findings imply the discovery of an important mechanistic principle underpinning psychedelic-induced altered states.
Early prediction of level-of-care requirements in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Hao Boran , Sotudian Shahabeddin , Wang Taiyao , Xu Tingting , Hu Yang , Gaitanidis Apostolos , Breen Kerry , Velmahos George C , Paschalidis Ioannis Ch
Published: October 2020

This study examined records of 2566 consecutive COVID-19 patients at five Massachusetts hospitals and sought to predict level-of-care requirements based on clinical and laboratory data. Several classification methods were applied and compared against standard pneumonia severity scores. The need for hospitalization, ICU care, and mechanical ventilation were predicted with a validation accuracy of 88%, 87%, and 86%, respectively. Pneumonia severity scores achieve respective accuracies of 73% and 74% for ICU care and ventilation. When predictions are limited to patients with more complex disease, the accuracy of the ICU and ventilation prediction models achieved accuracy of 83% and 82%, respectively. Vital signs, age, BMI, dyspnea, and comorbidities were the most important predictors of hospitalization. Opacities on chest imaging, age, admission vital signs and symptoms, male gender, admission laboratory results, and diabetes were the most important risk factors for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. The factors identified collectively form a signature of the novel COVID-19 disease.
Different dimensions of knowledge in teacher education - a general typification
Authors: Nielsen Birgitte Lund , Lund Jens Hansen
Published: October 2020

The paper presents a typology of dimensions of ‘knowledge’ related to teacher education and professional practice. It departs from the observation that this theme is determined in many different ways and as a whole seems very difficult to capture. The purpose is to contribute to further clarification. Three dimensions of teacher knowledge are presented: 1) Ways of handling knowledge, 2) Modes of knowledge, and 3) Knowledge in a content perspective. Referring to the first dimension, it is emphasized that student teachers need to develop both a critical consciousness of knowledge, as well as abilities for enacting knowledge and for constructing knowledge. ‘Enacting knowledge’ includes taking different perspectives and using various types of knowledge to understand and handle a professional situation. ‘Constructing knowledge’ refers, for example, to student teachers researching professional challenges. Dimension 2 focuses on different modes in which teacher knowledge can appear with the subcategories global evidence, local ‘evidence’, and theory and philosophy. Dimension 3 refers to knowledge in a content perspective, with an open list of typical content in teacher education. The potentials and perspectives of this typology are discussed, including examples of how it can be used and also reference to professional knowledge and professionalism.
Student teachers’ conditions for professional learning on and across the learning arenas of teacher education
Authors: Raaen Finn Daniel , Thorsen Kirsten Elisabeth
Published: October 2020

Teacher education is supposed to be able to offer student teachers professional learning that will enable them to deal with the academic and social needs they may be confronted with in school. This calls for teacher education based on a coherent and meaningful division of labour between the learning activities that take place on campus and in placement schools. This has proved difficult to achieve. Research shows a significant gap in the way teacher education is organised. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the development of a theoretically grounded account of the so-called “theory-practice” gap in teacher education, which can move us beyond the simple dichotomies that currently seem to annoy much research and practitioners’ interest in this field. We argue that achieving such an account will require the expansion of more equal and mutually negotiated professional learning in teacher education, that can contribute to enhancing student teachers’ professional learning, on and across the various learning arenas of teacher education. We seek to achieve this objective by following a theoretical line of inquiry, supported with empirical data. Our theoretical rationale is based on socio-cultural learning theory, where coherence, transboundary translation, and re-contextualisation are important subordinate theoretical-analytical terms.
Exploring Headway Pedagogies in Initial Teacher Education Through Collaborative Action Research into Processes of Learning: Experiences from Eritrea
Authors: Idris Khalid Mohammed , Eskender Samson , Yosief Amanuel , Demoz Berhane , Andemicael Kiflay
Published: October 2020

Engaging prospective teachers in collaborative inquiry into their own processes of learning was the driving intention of the collaborative action research (CAR) course which was part of a teacher education program at a college of education in Eritrea in the academic year of 2018/2019. The course led by the first two authors was collaboratively designed and developed by the authors who were closely and regularly working as passionate learning community of educators who are committed to enact change in their own practices for the past seven years. Embracing the complexity of learning teacher educating we align with the notion of inquiry as a stance in learning to live up to the complexity. Accordingly, we engaged in an intentional collaborative self-study into our own practices of facilitating a course on inquiry. The aim of this paper is to articulate key experiences of committed collaborative learning in facilitating a course of inquiry. Employing a self-study methodology, we were engaged in individual and team reflections documented in our shared diary, regular meetings to discuss and develop the CAR process, and analyzing written feedbacks given by our student teachers (STs). In this article we attempt to explore headway pedagogies while we were collaboratively learning to facilitate and support a senior class of prospective teachers (n-27) carry out their CAR projects into their own processes of learning for four months. We argue that those experiences have critical implications in developing professional identity of prospective teachers, creatively overcome the theory-practice conundrum in teacher education by developing essential experiences that prospective teachers could creatively adapt in their school practices.
СОСУДИСТАЯ ЖЕСТКОСТЬ И РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ ЛЕГОЧНОГО ФИБРОЗА КАК ПРЕДИКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СИСТОЛИЧЕСКОЙ ДИСФУНКЦИИ ПРАВОГО ЖЕЛУДОЧКА У БОЛЬНЫХ ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ГИПЕРЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМ ПНЕВМОНИТОМ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Леонова Елена Игоревна , Шмелев Евгений Иванович , Шергина Елена Александровна
Published: October 2020

Высокий уровень сердечно-сосудистой коморбидности у больных с заболеваниями легких требует изучения факторов риска развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Жесткость сосудистой стенки, как независимый фактор риска сердечно-сосудистых событий, остается неизученной у пациентов с интерстициальными заболеваниями легких. Цель исследования: изучить прогностическую роль повышенной артериальной жесткости в развитии недостаточности правого желудочка у больных хроническим гиперчувствительным пневмонитом (ГП). Материалы и методы: за 2 года в клинике ФГБНУ «ЦНИИТ» обследовано 106 пациентов с хроническим ГП. Оценивали спирометрию, плетизмографию, диффузионную способность монооксида углерода, газы крови, эхокардиографию и скорость пульсовой волны. Степень фиброза легких оценивали с помощью компьютерной томографии (КТ) высокого разрешения. Результаты. В регрессионной модели пропорциональных рисков Кокса две переменные достоверно предсказывали систолическую дисфункцию правого желудочка: степень легочного фиброза и скорость пульсовой волны (p < 0,05). Заключение. Повышение артериальной жесткости и степень легочного фиброза являются предикторами систолической дисфункции правого желудочка у больных хроническим ГП.
LC-ESI/MS and GC-MS Methanol Extract Analysis, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity Studies of Centella asiatica
Authors: Ondeko Daniel A. , Juma Bernard F. , Baraza Lilechi D. , Nyongesa Peter K.
Published: October 2020

Aims: To determine chemical constituents of the Leaf extracts of Centella asiatica using the LC-MS and GC-MS and their antimicrobial activities.

Study Design: Structural determination of compounds from the leaf extracts was done using GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts were done using disc diffusion method.

Place and Duration of Study:  Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya: Between 2016-2019.

Methodology: Plant materials of C. asiatica were sequentially extracted separately based on the polarity viz., hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Determination of chemical constituents was done using LC-MS and GC-MS analysis and phytochemical screening. The extracts were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Standard antimicrobials viz. ampicillin and Nystatin were used as the control. Disc diffusion method was used and zones of inhibition, after respective incubation periods, were used to quantify antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Results: Phytochemical screening of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed that terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, amino acids and proteins, reducing sugars and carbohydrates were present. LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of the methanolic extracts identified 22 and 33 compounds, respectively, by use of the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) library. The extracts showed appreciable activity against common microbes tested.

Conclusion: This study forms the basis for the biological characterization and significance of the compounds identified in the leaf and stem extracts of C. asiatica. These compounds are known to possess antibacterial and antifungal activities that could be established as potential candidates for future drug development. However, these extracts, need to be subjected to further chromatographic procedures to isolate the identified compounds and their bioactivities determined.
Awareness on Drudgery Reducing Farm Technologies for Gender Equity
Authors: Lakshmi V. Vijaya , Deepika J.
Published: October 2020

Agriculture in India is moving away from animal driven to machine driven. Apart from tractors and power weeders which are used by farmers, there are farm tools and implements that can be used by farm women to reduce their drudgery with increased productivity. The present study made an attempt in introducing the set of 14 drudgery reducing farm tools and implements i.e. sapling transplanter, sickle/kurpi, long handle weeders, three types of harvest bags, ring cutter, finger guards, milking stand cum stool, head load manager, seed cum fertilizer bag, seed placement tube and fertilizer broad caster. A capacity building training programme was conducted to the farm women for exposure about the improved set of farm tools and implements. The implements were given to village secretary for use of this equipment by a group of 50 farm women and data were collected from them regarding the awareness about the technologies before and after the capacity building training programmes. Adoption levels were assessed after completion of a crop season. It was found that partial awareness was there about the improved equipment before training and cent per cent awareness was in the random selected group after the training programs. About 62 per cent of the sample has moderately adopted the given technologies. The study indicated for educating the farmers about the importance of drudgery reducing technologies, training them in using the farm implements and providing them to have an easy accessibility to enhance the adoption level. Custom hiring centres can be the solution to house the improved technologies suitable for farm women so that they can be used on rotation basis.
Structural Barriers to Health-provider Training Programmes for Ethnic Minorities: The Case of the Katu and Diabetes Management in Vietnam
Authors: Bec Caroline , Wells Geoff J. , Solomon Joshua J.
Published: October 2020

Background: Training of primary care practitioners is one of the most implemented interventions in medical international development programmes targeting non-communicable diseases (NCD). Yet in many cases their effectiveness is below expectations. One potential cause of this is that they struggle to account for local context, especially when working with ethnic minorities. Here we begin to address this gap through a qualitative case-study of how local contextual factors have impacted the success of a World Health Organization (WHO) healthcare training programme on Type 2 diabetes with an ethnic minority group in rural central Vietnam.

Design: A qualitative case-study collected data during 2018. We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews, two focus groups, and participant observation with patients, healthcare professionals, and members of a local non-governmental organisation involved in the programme. We used thematic coding to identify important contextual factors and how they helped or hindered programme delivery. Next, we synthesised each of these themes in a narrative style, drawing on the rich detail provided by respondents.

Results: We found that, despite using a notionally decentralised approach, the effectiveness of the training was hindered by social, political, and economic determinants of health which influenced the inhabitants’ relations to healthcare and diabetes. Particular barriers were the political perceptions of minorities, their economic access to services, the healthcare prejudices toward ethnic rural populations and the rigidity of medical training.

Conclusions: Given the similarity of our case with other WHO NCD programmes, we view that our findings are of wider relevance to global public health policy and practice. We suggest that better recognising and addressing local contextual factors would make such programmes more polyvocal, grounded, and resilient, as well as enabling them to better support long-term transformative change in public health systems. We conclude by discussing methods for implementing this in practice.
Knowledge Level of Onion Growers on Improved Onion Production Technologies in Gadag District of Karnataka
Authors: Baraker Shashidhar K. , Lalitha K. C. , Manjunath K. V. , Reddy Dadimi Anilkumar
Published: October 2020

Aim: To assess the Knowledge level of Onion growers on Improved Onion production technologies and to find out the Relationship between personal, socio economical and psychological characteristics of onion growers with their knowledge level.

Study Design: “Ex-post facto” research design.

Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted during 2017–18 in Gadag district of Karnataka.

Methodology: Two villages from each of the four Taluks of Gadag district were randomly selected and from eight villages, 15 respondents were selected from each village by adopting random sampling method to form a sample of 120 farmers. Data was collected from the respondents by personal interview method using a pre-tested structured interview schedule.

Results: Majority of the farmers have medium level (42.50%) of knowledge followed by high level (31.66) of knowledge. Further study revealed that farmers had cent percent knowledge on seed rate, time of sowing, irrigation and weeding, whereas low level of knowledge on transplanting (10%), fertilizer dose (10%) and plant protection (15%). Independent variables like, Education, Mass media exposure, Extension contact, Management Orientation were have significant relationship with knowledge level of onion growers at 1 per cent level of significance, While Age, Farming experience, Innovativeness, Extension participation, Social participation and Risk Orientation at 5 per cent level of significance and variables such as Family size, Land holding , Area under Onion cultivation, Annual income exhibit non-significant relationship with knowledge level of onion growers.

Conclusion: Significant portion of respondents were having medium level of knowledge with most of the independent variables contributing significantly towards their knowledge level on improved onion production technologies.
Ethnopharmacological Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of HIV and AIDS-Related Conditions in Makete District, Southern Highlands of Tanzania
Authors: Marealle Alphonce Ignace , Innocent Ester , Marobela Kerstin Andrae- , Qwarse Michael , Moshi Mainen
Published: October 2020

Aims: Plants used in traditional medicine have contributed to the development of modern medicines, but in order to boost the discovery of novel drugs to fight diseases such as HIV/AIDS and emerging new diseases, systematic evaluation of many more plants needs to continue. The aim of the present study was to document medicinal plants used in the management of HIV and AIDS-related conditions in Makete District, Tanzania.

Study Design:  This was qualitative ethnopharmacological survey.

Place and Duration of Study: Makete District in Njombe Region, Tanzania between March and April 2019.

Methodology: This ethnopharmacological survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study focused only on traditional health practitioners (THP) registered by government health authorities in Makete District. The HIV and AIDS-related conditions considered in this study were tuberculosis, Herpes zoster, candidiasis, sexually transmitted infections, cough, skin rashes, frequent fevers, chronic diarrhea, chronic wounds, warts, oral thrush and weight loss. Literature survey was carried out to evaluate strength of the THP claims based on similar ethnopharmacological claims and proven pharmacological activities of the plants.

Results: Among the ten THP interviewed seven were male and three were female. The average age and years of practice were 57.5 and 26.5 years, respectively. Thirty-seven plant species representing 36 genera and 27 families were reported to be used for the treatment of different HIV and AIDS-related conditions. Twelve (32.4 %) and 15 (40.5 %) species did not have previously reported ethnopharmacological and pharmacological activities, respectively. Among the 37 plant species identified 13 species (35%) have been previously reported for similar ethnopharmacological uses and 12 (32%) species had literature reports on respective biological activities. Nine species have reported antiviral activity and seven of them displayed specific activities against HIV-1.

Conclusion: A significant number of medicinal plants identified in this study are reported here for the first time in relation to their use for HIV and AIDS-related conditions. The study also provides information that correlates well with previously published ethnopharmacological information or laboratory results of tests against HIV-1 or related conditions, thus justifying the need for screening and detailed studies intended to isolate and characterize compounds active against HIV and related conditions.
Evaluation of the Stem Bark Extract Picralima nitida for Antinociceptive Property
Authors: Igwe K. K. , Ikpeazu O. V. , Ezeja M. I.
Published: October 2020

Aims: To investigate the antinociceptive property of Picralima nitida stem bark methanol                 extract. Place and duration of study: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria from February to July,       2020.

Methodology: The extraction was done by cold maceration of the pulverised P. nitida stem bark in 80% methanol for 48 hours. Acute toxicity study was done using up and down method. The antinociceptive study was carried out using tail flick and hot plate antinociceptive models. The extract was used at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg while pentazocine 3 mg/kg was used as the standard reference drug (positive group) and 5 ml/kg distilled water was used for the negative group.

Results: In the tail flick test, P. nitida at the doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg with the standard drug pentazocine significantly (P = 0.05) increased the pain reaction time (PRT), increasing the PRT from 1.80 ± 0.08 sec  in the negative group (distilled water 5 ml/kg) to 2.90 ± 0.18 sec at the dose of 200 mg/kg group of mice representing 62.06% increase. Also, in the hot plate model, the PRT was increased from 2.03 ± 0.02 sec in distilled water treated group of mice to 9.58 ± 0.99 sec in the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract.

Conclusion: The stem bark methanol extract of P. nitida demonstrated a good level of antinociceptive activity in the models used in this study.
Factors Associated with Non-adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy among Clients in Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Turkana County, Kenya
Authors: Clement Nadio Etabo , Akwee Peter Edome , Bitok Josephat , Kariuki Peterson
Published: October 2020

Patient, Health-facility and Socio-cultural related factors associated with non-adherence have contributed to poor management of ART among HIV/AIDS clients. In Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Turkana County, a significantly high number of clients on ARV therapy have defaulted treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with non-adherence to anti-retroviral treatment in Lodwar County and Referral Hospital (LCRH), Turkana, Kenya. The study was guided by cross sectional descriptive study design where qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The research instruments used for data collection consisted of structured questionnaires, interview schedules among clients on ARV therapy and documents analysis. The sample size was obtained using the modified Fishers formula at 95% level of confidence. The Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings in the study revealed that there are many patient, health system and socio-cultural related factors associated with non-adherence. From the study document analysis at LCRH there should be 5243 people on ARVs, however, as at January 2018 there were 1551 (30%) who were actively on ARVs this shows that there is 70 % default rate. The study found that, Patients’ related factors that are causing non-adherence include; lack of education, lack of support, the distance to facility, lack of food, the side effects, alcohol use among many others. The study concluded that, health facility should improve their service delivery to the patients, change attitude and conduct adherence counseling. There is need to sensitize the community members to accept the HIV+ people to enable them express their health issues. They should support them and ensure that they are trained on how to use ARVs and not seek the tradition herbs and medicine men.
Alzheimer's and the challenges of nursing care for the elderly and their family caregiver
Authors: Gonçalves Fabiana Cristina Alves , Lima Israel Coutinho Sampaio
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Analisar os principais desafios e cuidados despendidos pela equipe de enfermagem durante o processo do cuidar de idosos que vivem com Alzheimer e ao seu cuidador familiar. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa desenvolvida a partir da busca de artigos nas bases Scientific Eletronic Library Online e Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde. Obteve-se 783 estudos, destes apenas 13 atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Foram propostas estratégias de cuidados referente a formas de agir relacionadas ao Alzheimer, entre elas o esquecimento, negação do banho, aceitação da doença pela família. A falta de capacitação e conhecimento por parte de alguns profissionais da enfermagem foram evidenciados como elemento dificultador na relação com o idoso e seu familiar cuidador. Conclusão: É importante que as políticas públicas possam garantir a assistência ao idoso com Alzheimer, se aproximando das reais necessidades vivenciadas pelos idosos, cuidadores familiares e profissionais da saúde.