bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composition of quartz-muscovite shales from pre-Jurassic basement of the West Siberian megabasin (West-Yarotinskaya area, Yamal)
Authors:   Institute of Geology and Geochemistry UB RAS, Ponomarev V.S. , Erokhin Yu.V. , Ivanov K.S. , Farrakhova N.N.
Published: July 2022

Geological studies of the West Siberian megabasin are a priority, since the hydrocarbon deposits of this vast re¬gion are extremely important for the Russian economy. The paper describes in detail the mineralogy and trace element composition of quartz-muscovite shales from the basement of the Yamal Peninsula (well West-Yarotinskaya 303). The mineral composition of the rocks is as follows: quartz, muscovite, donbassite, albite, dolomite, siderite, calcite, dravite, schorl, rutile, zircon, fluorapatite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, violarite, goyazite, flo¬rensite-(Ce). The florensite-(Ce) determined by us is the first find for rocks from the basement of the West Siberian Plate. The distribution of rare, trace, and rare-earth ele¬ments in the studied rocks is similar to that of metamor¬phic shales from the basement of the Arctic (Lenzitskaya area and Verkhnerechenskaya area) and Cis-Ural (Shaim¬sko-Kuznetsovskmeganticlinorium shales) parts of the West Siberian megabasin. Probably, the studied metape¬lites were formed as a result of heating of the sedimen¬tary rocks by a granite intrusion located in the immediate vicinity on the territory of the Verkhnerechenskaya area. Later, the rocks underwent propilitization with the forma¬tion of secondary carbonate, goyazite, florensite-(Ce) and sulfides.
Mineral resources of the Russian North
Authors:   Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Kuznetsov S.K. , Burtsev I.N. , Timonina N.N. , Kuznetsov D.S.
Published: July 2022

Data on the hydrocarbons, metallic and non-metallic min¬erals of the northern regions of the Russian Federation are presented. It is shown that significant reserves and resources of oil, gas, coal, chromium ores, copper, nickel, platinum, gold, diamonds, phosphates are concentrated in these regions. Large-scale development of many depos¬its is carried out, there are significant resources that are the basis for the growth of mineral reserves. At the same time, some deposits are not involved in the development, due to inaccessibility and insufficient quality of raw ma¬terials. Associated components in complex ores, primarily rare and rare-earth metals, are extracted in very small volumes. Russian metallurgical enterprises are poorly provided with titanium, chromium, manganese ores, alu¬mina. At the same time, most of the metals is imported from abroad. In order to achieve sustainable economic growth, along with building up the mineral resource base, it is neces¬sary to develop technologies for deep processing of raw materials, increase its domestic consumption, and devel¬op such industries as engineering, electronics and optics. It is extremely important to increase the role of mining in the social and economic development of the northern regions.
Tendência de mortalidade por lesões autoprovocadas em adolescentes, 2010 a 2018
Authors:   Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Moura Joana Célia Ferreira , Sousa Maria das Graças de Melo ,   Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Lima Luisa Helena de Oliveira ,   Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Rodrigues Malvina Thaís Pacheco ,   Universidade Federal do Piauí, Mascarenhas Márcio Dênis Medeiros ,   Universidade Federal do Piauí
Published: July 2022

Contexto: O suicídio é um fenômeno que envolve diversos fatores e impacta tanto a família quanto a sociedade. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência de mortalidade por lesões autoprovocadas em adolescentes no Brasil, no período de 2010 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais sobre mortalidade por lesões autoprovocadas em adolescentes (10-19 anos de idade) brasileiros com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Empregou-se o modelo de regressão linear de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: De 2010 a 2018 ocorreram 7.677 óbitos por lesões autoprovocadas em adolescentes no Brasil. A tendência de mortalidade por suicídio foi crescente (VPA: 6,8%; IC95%: 4,59;9,07). As médias das taxas de mortalidade foram de 2,43/100 mil habitantes (taxa bruta) e 2,40/100 mil habitantes (taxa ajustada). As maiores taxas médias de mortalidade foram observadas no sexo masculino (3,38/100 mil habitantes) e na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos (4,07/100 mil habitantes). Conclusão: Frente à tendência de aumento da tendencia de mortalidade por suicídio entre adolescentes no Brasil, é necessário adotar medidas efetivas para a reversão desse preocupante cenário epidemiológico.
Lithium molybdate composited with carbon nanofibers as a high-capacity and stable anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Yao Junyi , Li Wanying , Zhu Wenhao , Yang Jie , Zhao Jianqing , Gao Lijun
Published: July 2022

Transition metal molybdates have been studied as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost, as well as the multivalent states of molybdenum. However, their electrochemical performance is hindered by poor conductivity and large volume changes during charge and discharge. Here, we report lithium molybdate (Li2MoO4) composited with carbon nanofibers (Li2MoO4@CNF) as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Li2MoO4 shows a shot-rod nanoparticle morphology that is tightly wound in the fibrous CNF. Compared with bare Li2MoO4, the Li2MoO4@CNF composite demonstrates superior high specific capacity and cycling stability, which are attributed to the reversible Li-ion intercalation in the LixMoyOz amorphous phase during charge and discharge. The capacity of the Li2MoO4@CNF anode material can reach 830 mAh g-1 in the second cycle and 760 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at a charge/discharge current density of 100 mA g-1, which is much better than the bare Li2MoO4. This work provides a simple method to prepare a high-capacity and stable lithium molybdate anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Characterizing and quantifying chemical ingredient use in consumer products between two separate databases and implications for environmental and human health exposure
Authors: Gouin Todd
Published: July 2022

Assessing chemical exposure in home and personal care products (HPCPs) represents an important data need. Key challenges to the assessment are related to limited knowledge in quantifying and characterizing the weight-fraction inclusion level and functionality of chemicals in HPCPs. Publicly available tools have been developed to address these challenges, such as the Chemical and Products database (CPDat). This study aims to evaluate the relative performance of CPDat by comparing estimates of weight-fraction inclusion level and functionality to other relevant data sources. Specifically, estimates obtained from CPDat are evaluated and compared with estimates obtained from marketing analytic data, using Euromonitor Passport for 31 commonly used chemicals found in HPCPs. The results obtained from this exercise suggest relatively good agreement between each of the methods for 10 chemicals (ρ = 0.92; P-value =0.02). When considering all 31 chemical ingredients, however, the correlation observed is generally poor (ρ = 0.46; P-value = 0.1), which is attributed to differences in how the underlying data are obtained for each method. With an emphasis on obtaining data based on mining datasheets for individual products, the application of CPDat is suggested to be useful for higher tiers of assessment, with data obtained from marketing analytics providing valuable input to exposure-based screening models. The insight gained from this study can be used to help guide the appropriate use of data obtained from different sources within a tiered exposure assessment.
Microplastics in water, from treatment process to drinking water: analytical methods and potential health effects
Authors: Picó Yolanda , Manzoor Ifra , Soursou Vasiliki , Barceló Damià
Published: July 2022

Aim: The commonly used analytical methods for microplastic (MPs) detection in drinking water and the threat of MP pollution in water intended for human consumption to human beings are presented through a systematic review. Furthermore, MP occurrence, transport, and fate from raw to treated drinking water, tap water, and bottled water, as well as the possible health impacts of MPs on human beings, are also evaluated. Methods: Systematic review included articles published in scientific journals that contain specific keywords in the title and were searched in Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. The literature was selected and extracted by two reviewers based on the PRISMA-A guidelines, which recommend including 57 items. Results: The experimental studies pointed out that sampling is performed using grab or reduced samples, and sample treatment involves mostly oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and density separation. The minimum sample size obtainable in the extraction and the maximum density of the polymer separable from the matrix provided different results. Clearly, the determination of MPs involves the simultaneous application of several analytical techniques, including optical, fluorescence, and electronic microscopies, µFTIR, µ-Raman, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The determination technique also provides different results according to the sensitivity as well as the minimum size determinable. These studies are mostly devoted to establishing the occurrence, transport, and fate within the supply network, the efficiency in removal of MPs from drinking water by treatment plants, and the risk to humans. The MP concentration in drinking water reservoirs is highly variable. However, tap water always presents lower concentrations of MPs than the water that enters the drinking water treatment plants because the different treatments are efficient at removing MPs. Although it has not been fully demonstrated that MPs are toxic to humans, the effects point to oxidative stress, gastrointestinal irritation, microbiome irregularities, and changes in lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Analytical methods present some common features as a first step towards harmonization. However, it is still unknown whether the analytical methods could influence the disparity of the results. The MP concentration in drinking water is low in comparison to other types of water. MPs are not exempt from hazards to human health.
AUTOMATED DESIGN OF THE OPTICAL SYSTEM OF THE ZOOM RIFLESCOPE
Authors: Sokurenko Vyacheslav , Sokurenko Oleg
Published: July 2022

It is proposed to perform an automated design of a multi-lens optical system of a zoom riflescope by using one of modern global optimization algorithms, namely the adaptive Cauchy differential evolution method. The optical system considered here provides the magnification 4-16× and the angular field of view in the object space from 5.15° to 1.32°. It has the entrance pupil diameter of 42 mm, the exit pupil distance within 85...90 mm, and the maximum system length of 325 mm. The riflescope contains 14 lenses in 9 components made of glasses from the CDGM catalog. In all zoom configurations of the optical system, any ray vignetting is absent. To achieve the high image quality, the parametric synthesis of the riflescope has been carried out simultaneously for five intermediate configurations, corresponding to magnifications 16×, 13×, 10×, 7× and 4×. By using the developed specialized software, an experimental examination of the operability of this approach has been performed on the example of automated design of the optical system having the parameters similar those found in commercially available samples. The performed simulation showed that the time interval required for direct automated design of the riflescope’s optical system is about 25 hours. The total number of unknown parameters (variables) was up to 90. The root-mean-square values ​​of the angular aberrations of the axial beams in all (five) configurations of the synthesized zoom system do not exceed 1 arc minute in the whole spectral range. The obtained results indicate that the design algorithm implemented in the computer program can be considered an effective tool capable to perform automated parametric synthesis of complex zoom optical systems with high image quality. The algorithm enables to establish the prescription data of optical systems, taking into account the technical requirements and restrictions specified by the designer.
ERRORS IN THERMAL IMAGERS TEMPERATURE RESOLUTION DETERMINING
Authors: Kolobrodov Valentine , Mykytenko Volodymyr , Tymchik Gregory , Kolobrodov Mykyta , Sokol Bohdan
Published: July 2022

Thermal imaging methods of environmental observation are often accompanied by the need to quantify the temperature distribution on the object’s surfaces. In such cases, the accuracy of modeling the information conversion processes that occur in thermal imaging systems is essential. All questions concerning the determination of thermal imagers temperature resolution are important. Experimental methods for determining temperature resolution in this sense are quite unambiguous and well-established in practice. And calculation methods are still being refined and are of interest to the scientific community.

The article is devoted to the development of practical methods for calculating the thermal imagers temperature resolution. Such methods must be on the hand one accurate enough, and on the other hand - simple enough to be used in design organizations. The definition of the calculations error is also considered. The calculation model is based on the concept of equivalent noise temperature difference NETD as the most general characteristic of energy transformations in thermal imaging observations. The definition of NETD is based on the use of the thermal imager signal transmission function. A simplified version of the calculation method and an example of determining the temperature resolution for a thermal imager with a microbolometric matrix detector are presented. Such thermal imagers currently occupy a significant part of the market and the calculation of the characteristics of the device with a standard specification may be of interest to specialists. The influence of some elements of the mathematical information transformations model on the temperature resolution is shown. For example, as the background temperature increases, the temperature resolution decreases. The analysis of the proposed calculation model allowed us to outline ways to improve (reduce) temperature resolution. A feature of the developed methods is the possibility of their use for different thermal imaging systems, for example, for polarizing thermal imagers.
Big Data in Laboratory Medicine – FAIR Quality for AI?
Authors: Blatter Tobias Ueli , Witte Harald , Nakas Christos Theodoros , Leichtle Alexander Benedikt
Published: July 2022

Laboratory medicine is a digital science. Every large hospital produces a wealth of data each day - from simple numerical results from e.g. sodium measurements to highly complex output of “-omics” analyses, as well as quality control results and meta-data. Processing, connecting, storing, and ordering extensive parts of these individual data requires Big Data techniques. Whereas novel technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning have exciting application for the augmentation of laboratory medicine, the Big Data concept remains fundamental for any sophisticated data analysis in large databases. To make laboratory medicine data optimally usable for clinical and research purposes, they need to be FAIR: findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. This can be achieved for example by automated recording, connection of devices, efficient ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes, careful data governance, and modern data security solutions. Enriched with clinical data, laboratory medicine data allow a gain in pathophysiological insights, can improve patient care, or they can be used to develop reference intervals for diagnostic purposes. Nevertheless, Big Data in laboratory medicine do not come without challenges: The growing number of analyses and data derived from them is a demanding task to be taken care of. Laboratory medicine experts are and will be needed to drive this development, take an active role in the ongoing digitalization, and provide guidance for their clinical colleagues engaging with the laboratory data in research.
Construction of 2DE-Patterns of Plasma Proteins: Aspect of Potential Tumor Markers
Authors: Naryzhny Stanislav , Ronzhina Natalia , Zorina Elena , Kabachenko Fedor , Klopov Nikolay , Zgoda Victor
Published: July 2022

Cancer is a complex systemic disease that changes the entire proteome. The analysis of this transformation makes it possible to determine tumor markers, that is, the most characteristic biomacromolecules produced by tumor cells. Here, the question of finding ideal tumor markers, which should be sensitive, specific, and reliable, is an acute issue. Unfortunately, none of the tumor markers, even those used in the clinic, has all these characteristics. Despite this, many tumor markers have demonstrated excellent clinical relevance for monitoring the effectiveness of different treatments for cancer patients. The use of markers also aids in the early detection of cancer recurrence and prognosis. Therefore, the situation in this area can be improved in two ways – by attempting to find an ideal single tumor marker or generating panels of different markers. In both cases, proteomics certainly plays a major role. Human plasma is one of the most popular samples as it is commonly collected in the clinic and provides noninvasive, rapid analysis for any type of disease including cancer. Many efforts have been applied in searching for “ideal” tumor markers digging very deep plasma proteome. There is a line of evidence that the most abundant, so-called “classical plasma proteins”, may be used to generate a tumor biomarker profile. To be comprehensive these profiles should have information not only about protein levels but proteoform distribution for each protein. Initially, the profile of these proteins in norm should be generated. Here, we present data about these profiles generated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with the following mass-spectrometry and immunodetection.
Latin American Megachurches in A Changing Culture: An Integrative Review and An Exploration of Future Research Directions
Authors: Mora-Ciangherotti Fernando Adolfo
Published: July 2022

Several review articles about megachurch studies have been published recently concentrating their work on USA, Europe, and other parts of the world, with just a few references about Latin American megachurches. For that reason, this article aims to identify some of the characteristics of Latin American Evangelical megachurches by looking at relevant literature, especially that produced in the region, in Spanish and Portuguese, which is usually overlooked by researchers in Global North. Since this research field is still limited in Latin America, areas, where further work is necessary, are identified. Three general catalysts for the emergence of megachurches in the region, church growth methodologies, Pentecostalization, and theologies of growth, serve as guides to organize the review process. The discussion shows several potential areas of research in a variety of fields such as theology, ecclesiology, organizational theory, leadership, gender studies, and ethics, are proposed from the review.
Identifying the Most Significant Factors Affecting Urban Housing Sustainability and Their Scales/Sectors of Influence: A Systematic Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Sanei Mohsen , Khodadad Mina , Calonge Reillo Fernando
Published: July 2022

Housing is always crucial for the sustainable development of communities, specifically in urban areas, due to the population density of cities. The present study constructs its own structure on the basis of the recent papers investigating various sustainability factors for the urban housing sector. By doing a comprehensive systematic literature review, one of the most extensive lists of urban housing sustainability factors is gathered from 118 recent related papers. The factors are prioritized by their frequency of investigation and categorized by their scale(s) and sector(s) of influence. According to the results, the top three significant factors affecting urban housing sustainability are “natural resource or energy consumption/efficiency of the building/equipment (during the construction, operation, etc.)”, “materials performance (durability, cost, thermal capacity, permeability, ability to re-use, recycled, eco-friendly materials)”, and “access to public services/infrastructure: availability/quality of services and/or distance/time of travel time to the services (public transport, education/health/shopping/leisure facilities, parks, etc.)”. By analyzing the results with an integrative approach, it is understood that environmental factors are the most considered ones (more considered than the factors with influence on all sustainability sectors) where institutional factors received the least attention. Also, the most significant measures are the ones that have impacts on both ‘building’ and ‘neighborhood/community’ scales. It should be noticed that the neighborhood/community scale indicators are seen, almost, as important as the measures that affect the building itself. The results of this study can be helpful in establishing future housing-related policies, and also in having more efficient housing sustainability assessment tools.
Particle Swarm Optimization and Two-Way Fixed-Effects Analysis of Variance for Efficient Brain Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Atia Naoual , Benzaoui Amir , Jacques Sébastien , Hamiane Madina , Kourd Kaouther El , Bouakaz Ayache , Ouahabi Abdeldjalil
Published: July 2022

Segmentation of brain tumor images is a major research topic in medical imaging to have a refined detection and understanding of abnormal masses in the brain. This paper proposes a new segmentation method, consisting of three main steps, to detect brain lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the first step, the parts of the image delineating the skull bone are removed to exclude insignificant data. In the second step, which is the main contribution of this study, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is applied to detect the block that contains the brain lesions. The fitness function, used to determine the best block among all candidate blocks, is based on a two-way fixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the last step of the algorithm, the K-means segmentation method is used in the lesion block to classify it as tumor or not. A thorough evaluation of the proposed algorithm is performed using the MRI database provided by the Kouba imaging center in Algiers, Algeria. Estimates of the selected fitness function are first compared to those based on the sum-of-absolute-differences (SAD) dissimilarity criterion and demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the ANOVA. The performance of the optimized brain tumor segmentation algorithm is then compared to the results of several state-of-the-art techniques, including fuzzy C-means, K-means, Otsu thresholding, local thresholding, and watershed segmentation. The results obtained using Dice coefficient, Jaccard distance, correlation coefficient, and root mean square error (RMSE) measurements demonstrate the superiority of the proposed optimized segmentation algorithm over equivalent techniques.
The Human Rights Commitments of Private Fusion Energy Companies
Authors: Rutherford Angelica
Published: July 2022

Although the fusion energy sector is at a nascent state, the private fusion energy market has grown. There are currently 38 private fusion energy companies around the world aiming to commercialise fusion energy in early 2030s and 2040s. Given the capability of fusion energy of transforming today’s energy paradigm and the global character of the market, it is important to analyse how these companies are interacting with international human rights standards. Therefore, this work investigates the involvement of the private fusion energy sector with two voluntary international initiatives in particular: the UN Global Compact and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP). This study attempts to answer two research questions: (i) Are private fusion energy companies participating in the UN Global Compact? (ii) How are private fusion energy companies publicly implementing the UNGP? Content analysis of secondary data collected from the UN Global Compact, Fusion Industry Association, ITER and companies’ official website as well as published reports is adopted. In summary, this work finds that private fusion energy companies are neither participants nor signatories of the UN Global Compact. The observance of the UNGP is also very poor. This study contributes to the field by highlighting this gap which the private fusion energy companies need to consider and take measures in order to create a salutary human rights sector.
Prevalence of Anti-DENV IgG Among Routine Bangladeshi Blood Donors, and Strategies for the Future
Authors: Hoque Ashraful , Islam Kashfia , Basak Sushanta Kumar , Mamun A.B.M. Al , Rahman Marufur
Published: July 2022

Background: Dengue is the most common arthropod-borne sickness worldwide, impacting at least 50 million people each year. The dengue virus has four primary serotypes. Infection with one serotype confers homotypic immunity but not heterologous immunity, and secondary infections may be more severe. Although blood transfusions and organ donations have also been observed, the Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector for the transmission of dengue. Infection causes a continuum of clinical illness, from asymptomatic infection to dengue fever, DHF, and dengue shock syndrome (DSS).Aim: To assess the presence of anti DENV IgG and anti DENV IgM antibodies specific to the four dengue serotypes in blood donor service donors and the importance of pre-donation screening in routine blood collection procedures.Method: 3 mL of peripheral venous blood from 507 blood donors was collected in tubes with BD vacutainer gel tube for serum separation after epidemiological records were reviewed. After that, serum was separated and tests were performed by SD Bioline Dengue Duo. Participants in the study completed a social and epidemiological questionnaire that contained information such as age, gender, and dengue diagnosis.Result: Out of the 507 blood samples that were taken, 473 (93.3%) came from male blood donors, while the remaining 34 (6.7%) belonged to female blood donors. The ratio of males to females is 13.91 to 1. The age range is 18–60 years, and the mean and standard deviation are both 27.7 and 6.5. 183 of the 507 samples produced anti DENV IgG positivity, while 324 did not. The ratio of positive to negative was 1.25:2.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, quantitative methods for determining the presence of anti-dengue antibodies or detecting the dengue virus in blood donors in endemic areas should be devised in order to ensure the quality of blood transfusions.
A Hydrocarbon Resource Plays in Southern Pakistan´s Indus Basin
Authors: Shahzad Yasir , Reis Rui Pena dos , Henriques Maria Helena
Published: July 2022

Due to the use of structural and seismic techniques an attempt has been made in this study to determine the hydrocarbon potential and future exploration in Pakistan's Lower Indus basin area and offshore region. In addition to the possibility of hydrocarbon accumulation, the major goals of this research are to analyze structural patterns in the subsurface of the study region, identify the horizons of various formations using surface seismic, and interpret seismic lines. Seismic data has been used to find and integrate the exposed Cretaceous/Tertiary basalt at Ranikot in the lower Indus basin to the well-known Deccan basalts of the Indo-Pak plate, which is the secondary goal of the current investigation. According to the interpretation of seismic data, the Indo-Pakistan plate has experienced rifting because of tectonic activity. Graben and horst structures have been identified in the study area horizon, which indicates that the area has undergone major structural and depositional changes. While faults provide a pathway for hydrocarbons to migrate from their source to reservoir rock, grabens are principally responsible for the accumulation of hydrocarbons. We further deduce that the prior exploration failures in the area were due to a lack of knowledge of the subsurface formations and structural trends, which are essential for characterizing the hydrocarbon play and trap features. Our results can be productive for the local hydrocarbon drilling projects as well as worldwide tectonic stratigraphy studies on passive continental edges.
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Toward the Future of Personalized Psychiatry
Authors: Alciati Alessandra , Reggiani Angelo , Caldirola Daniela , Perna Giampaolo
Published: July 2022

The polygenic and multifactorial nature of many psychiatric disorders has hampered the personalized medicine approach implementation in clinical practice. However, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has emerged as an innovative tool for patient-specific disease modeling to expand the pathophysiology knowledge and treatment perspectives in the last decade. Current technologies enable adult human somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate neural cells and direct neural cell conversion to model organisms that exhibit phenotypes close to human diseases, thereby effectively representing relevant aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders. iPSCs reflect patient pathophysiology and pharmacological responsiveness, particularly when cultured under conditions that recapitulate spatial tissue organization in brain organoids. Recently, the application of iPSCs has been frequently associated with gene editing that targets the disease-causing gene to deepen the illness pathophysiology and conduct drug screening. Moreover, gene editing has provided a unique opportunity to repair the putative causative genetic lesions in patient-derived cells. Here, we review the use of iPSC technology to model and potentially treat neuropsychiatric disorders by illustrating the key studies on a series of mental disorders, including schizophrenia, major depression disorder, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. The future perspective will involve the development of organ-on-a-chip platforms that control the microenvironmental conditions to reflect individual pathophysiological by adjusting physiochemical parameters according to personal health data. This strategy could open new ways to build a disease model that considers individual variability and tailors personalized treatments.
Recognizing and Distinguising the Phenomenon Referred to as Meningioma
Authors: Rothschild Bruce M.
Published: July 2022

Background: The reliability of a recent review of meningiomas in the archeologic record was difficult to assess, given the inverted sex ratio of the report and other contents apparently at variance with anatomical/medical findings in scientifically-identified cases. It therefore seemed appropriate to reexamine the nature of meningiomas and derive improve criteria for their recognition in the archeologic record and distinguish them from hemangiomas and bone marrow hyperplasia (recognized in the form of porotic hyperostosis). Methods: Medically-documented cases of meningiomas, hemangiomas and cranial bone marrow hyperplasia were examined to establish a macroscopic standard that distinguishing among them. Alleged cases in the archeologic record were examined for conformity with those criteria. Results: An en face pattern of uniform mesh with contained whorls appears pathognomonic for meningiomas. This contrasts with the non-uniform marrow expansion displacement of trabeculae in porotic hyperostosis and non-uniform vascular displacement of trabeculae in hemangiomas. Reassessment of past attributions revealed few cases of meningiomas that could be confidently diagnosed. Those identified has sex ratios parsimonious with medical literature reports. Conclusions: Criteria suggested for identifying meningiomas permits distinguishing from hemangiomas, bone marrow hyperplasia (porotic hyperostosis) and from the macroscopically-observable surface spicules characteristic of osteosarcomas. Examination for fulfillment of criteria for meningiomas and hemangiomas seems to provide a picture (including sex ratios) more parsimonious with the clinical literature, concluding that Cook and Danforth’s disparate ratios were related to less fastidious case selection. Additionally, confidence in recognizing porotic hyperostosis may be compromised because of apparent similar macroscopic alterations to those seen with hemangiomas.
Impact of IoT towards Achieving Smart Primary Healthcare Building Facilities in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Gambo Nuru , Musonda Innocent
Published: July 2022

Smart primary healthcare building facility services capture a new level of process and operational data through advanced monitoring, enabling experts to use the building facilities to produce significant and efficient healthcare service delivery within the individual spheres of influence. This study assessed the impact of IoT services on achieving smart primary healthcare building facilities in the rural area of South Africa to enhance primary healthcare delivery. The study identified three (3) basic constructs of IoT services that comprised the application of IoT location recognition and tracking services, the application of the IoT high-speed communication network-based services, and the application of IoT-based services. The study is quantitative, and a questionnaire was used to collect data from the project managers and healthcare practitioners working with the primary healthcare agency in South Africa. The study found a variable degree of impact between the three (3) IoT constructs and the achievement of primary healthcare building facility services in South Africa. The study recommends adopting IoT essential services for achieving smart primary healthcare building facility services in the rural areas of South Africa and other developing countries facing similar primary healthcare delivery challenges.
Nitrogen Distribution and Soil Microbial Community Characteristics in A Legume–cereal Intercropping System: A Review
Authors: Lai Huiling , Gao Fuyun , Su Hao , Zheng Peng , Li Yaying , Yao Huaiying
Published: July 2022

Intercropping systems can flexibly use resources such as sunlight, heat, water, and nutrients in time and space, improve crop yield and land utilization rates, effectively reduce continuous cropping obstacles and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and control the growth of weeds. Thus, intercropping is a safe and efficient ecological planting mode. The legume–cereal intercropping system is the most common planting combination. Legume crops fix nitrogen from the atmosphere through their symbiotic nitrogen fixation abilities, and the fixed nitrogen can be transferred to and utilized by cereal crops in various ways. The symbiotic nitrogen fixation efficiency of legume crops was improved by reducing the inhibition of soil nitrogen on nitrogenase activity through competitive absorption of soil nitrogen. However, the effects of nitrogen transformation and distribution in intercropping systems, and microbial community structure characteristics on nitrogen transfer need to be further explored. In this review, ⅰ) we present the transformation and distribution of nitrogen in the legume–cereal intercropping system; ⅱ) we describe the soil microbial community characteristics in intercropping systems; and ⅲ) we discuss the advantages of using modern biological molecular techniques to study soil microorganisms. We conclude that intercropping can increase the diversity of soil microorganisms, and the interaction between different plants has an important impact on the diversity and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities. The extensive application of modern biological molecular techniques in soil microbial research and the great contribution of intercropping systems to sustainable agriculture are particularly emphasized in this review.
Measurement and analysis of common and differential modes conducted emissions generated by an AC/DC converter
Authors: Zeghoudi A. , Slimani H. , Bendaoud A. , Benazza B. , Bechekir S. , Miloudi H.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Rectifiers are the most important converters in a very wide field: the transport of electrical energy in direct current and in the applications of direct current motors. In most electrical and electronic systems, rectifiers are non-linear loads made up of diodes, therefore they are a source of harmonic pollution at a base frequency with a distorting line current signal that generates electromagnetic interference. There are two disturbance modes: common mode and differential mode. These disturbances caused by the rapid variation of current and voltage as a function of time due to the switching of active components, passive components such as inductors, capacitors, coupling, etc. The purpose of this work is to study the conducted emissions generated by a rectifier connected to the Line Impedance Stabilizing Network in an electric circuit. The determination of these disturbances is done for firstly both common and differential modes at high frequency, and secondly harmonics current, line current at low frequency. The novelty of the proposed work consists in presenting a study of disturbance generated by rectifiers using simulation and also experimental measurements at low and high frequencies in order to compare the results. Methods. For the study of the disturbances conducted by the diode bridge converter (rectifier), the sources of conducted electromagnetic disturbances were presented in the first time. Then, the common and differential modes were defined. This converter was studied by LTspice Software for simulation and also experimental measurements at low frequency for harmonics current and high frequencies for disturbances in common and differential modes. Results. All the simulations were performed using the LTspice software and the results obtained are validated by experimental measurements performed in the APELEC laboratory at the University of Sidi Bel-Abbes in Algeria. The obtained results of conducted emissions at high frequency and total harmonics distortion of current at low frequency are compared between simulation and experiment.
Comparative study of 220 kV overhead transmission lines models subjected to lightning strike simulation by using electromagnetic and alternative transients program
Authors: Boumous S. , Boumous Z. , Anane Z. , Nouri H.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. In high voltage networks intended for the transport of electrical energy, lightning can strike an electric line striking either a phase conductor, a pylon or a ground wire, causing significant overvoltage on the transmission lines classified as stresses the most dangerous for transformer stations and electro-energy systems in general. Modeling transmission lines becomes more complicated, if the frequency dependence of resistance and serial inductance due to the effect of lightning strike in the conductors and in the earth is considered. The difficulty increases the fact that the parameters of the line can be defined and calculated only in the frequency domain, while the simulation of transients is wanted to be in the time domain. Problem. Several models (J.R. Marti, Bergeron, nominal PI, Semlyen and Noda) exist for the modeling of transmission lines, the Electromagnetic Transients Program/Alternative Transient Program software (EMTP/ATPDraw) gives the possibility to choose between these models which is delicate due to the fact that we do not have experimental results to validate and justify the choice among the models available in the software. In this context, practical value: the overhead transport line OAT-El Hassi (220 kV) of the city of Sétif located in the north east of Algeria is used for the modeling of lightning strike by using the EMTP/ATPDraw software. Originality. A comparative study of the investigation of a lightning strike on an existing high voltage transmission line by different models of existing lines in the EMTP/ATPDraw software library of this software. Results. It was concluded that the choice of the model of the line is very important given the accuracy and quality of the curves of the voltage presented at the different calculation points.
Simulation of electromagnetic processes in the grounding system with a short circuit in the operating high-voltage substation
Authors: Koliushko D. G. , Rudenko S. S. , Istomin O. Ye. , Saliba A. N.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the work is a test of the developed mathematical model of electromagnetic processes of short circuit and approbation of the created software complex «LiGro» on its basis for the existing grounding system located in three-layer soil. Methodology. To improve the accuracy of calculating the normalized parameters of operating power stations and substations, the authors developed the «LiGro» software package based on the expressions obtained in for calculating the potential of the electric field of a non-equipotential grounding system (GS). To monitor the state and assess the efficiency of the GS of operating power facilities, the electromagnetic diagnostics is used. The topology of the GS was determined with the induction method by complex KNTR-1, the geoelectric structure of the soil was determined by the method of vertical electrical sounding using the Wenner installation, the interpretation of the sounding results was made by the «VEZ-4A» program. The calculation results show that for the selected substation, the model developed in the «LiGro» complex has a deviation δ2 from the experimental values Ut by an average of 8,2 %, and the model implemented in Grounding 1.0 (IEEE model) δ1 is 17,2 %. Originality. The results of the study confirm the adequacy of the developed GS model in the «LiGro» complex based on a three-layer soil model, with the experimental values of the touch voltage obtained by simulating a single-phase ground fault on a real GS in operation. The first time was made approbation of the «LiGro» software package when performing the EMD of the GS of an operating substation with a voltage class of 150 kV. Practical significance. The program software can be used by special measuring’s laboratory to determining electrical safety parameters: touch voltage, GS voltage, and GS resistance.
Social Movement and Mental Health of South Korean Women Sexual Violence Survivors, 2012–2019
Authors: Kim Chungah , Nielsen Andrew , Teo Celine , Chum Antony
Published: July 2022

Objectives. To examine whether the #MeToo movement influenced depressive symptoms among women in South Korea with a history of experiencing sexual violence.

Methods. We used data from a nationally representative sample (n = 4429) of women 19 to 50 years of age who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families between 2012 and 2019. A difference-in-differences model was used to estimate within-person changes in depressive symptoms attributable to the #MeToo movement across women with and without a history of experiencing sexual violence. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD).

Results. After adjustment for potential confounders, the #MeToo movement led to a 1.64 decrease in CESD scores among women with a history of experiencing sexual violence relative to women without such a history.

Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the #MeToo movement in Korea led to reduced depressive symptoms among women with a history of experiencing sexual violence.

Public Health Implications. Despite the progress of the #MeToo movement, there are still judicial and institutional problems that can revictimize sexual violence survivors. Further policy changes will likely improve the mental health of survivors. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(9):1337–1345. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306945 )
Therapeutic Effect of Multilevel Surgery on Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: Impact on the Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score
Authors: Song Bokhyun , Jung Yong Gi , Hong Sang Duk , Lee Eun Kyu , Kim Byung Kil , Park Song I , Jung Sung Ha , Ryu Gwanghui , Kim Hyo Yeol
Published: July 2022

Objectives. Our previous study found that multilevel obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) surgery mitigated laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms in terms of the reflux symptom index (RSI), but no studies have investigated the impact of OSA surgery on laryngoscopic parameters. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical outcome of LPR improvement following OSA surgery, with a focus on both the RSI and the reflux finding score (RFS).Methods. Prospectively collected data from 28 patients who underwent multilevel OSA surgery from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were asked to complete the RSI questionnaire and underwent a laryngoscopic examination to evaluate the RFS before and after surgery. Age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and polysomnography data before and after surgery were also reviewed.Results. After surgery, the total RSI and RFS decreased significantly from 11.96±8.40 to 7.68±6.82 (P=0.003) and from 6.57±3.49 to 3.21±1.87 (P<0.001). The positive rates of RSI and RFS decreased from 28.6% to 17.9% and 32.1% to 0%, respectively. Significant improvements were found in the RSI subdomains of throat clearing, throat mucus, breathing difficulty, troublesome cough, and heartburn sensation, while all RFS subdomains except granuloma improved significantly. In subgroup analyses, no significant differences were found between subgroups based on age, OSA severity, or BMI.Conclusion. OSA surgery has the potential to alleviate both LPR symptoms and laryngoscopic results. Additional research integrating more objective techniques and novel treatment strategies is required to better comprehend the clinical impact of OSA surgery on LPR.