bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’union fait la force : l’agencéité et les pratiques d’inclusion des mouvements de résistance patriote (1837) et métis (1869)
Authors: Bériault Xavier , Dubois Janique
Published: October 2020

Cet article cherche à mieux comprendre comment les pratiques d’inclusion peuvent contribuer à favoriser l’agencéité des communautés en situation minoritaire, c’est-à-dire leur capacité à réaliser leurs projets collectifs. Notre analyse des mouvements de résistance patriote (1837) et métis (1869) révèle que les pratiques d’inclusion des leaders de ces mouvements, qui passaient principalement par la formation d’alliances avec d’autres groupes de la société, doivent compter au nombre des facteurs qui ont contribué à l’avancement de leurs projets politiques. L’inclusion s’impose ainsi comme un outil politique qui peut être mobilisé par les communautés en situation minoritaire pour élargir leur base de pouvoir vis-à-vis de l’État.
Comment conçoit-on les immigrants francophones de la Nouvelle-Écosse à des fins de statistiques ?
Authors: Fontaine Louise
Published: October 2020

Dans le contexte de la migration internationale, cet article explore des manières de concevoir des individus catégorisés en tant qu’immigrants francophones et qui sont établis en Nouvelle-Écosse au Canada. Cet angle d’analyse implique de se tourner principalement vers les processus d’inclusion tant dans la sphère économique que sociale pour les individus ainsi désignés. Parler d’inclusion invite aussi à dire quelques mots sur les processus d’exclusion sociale. Des données statistiques sélectionnées à même les recensements canadiens pour la période qui va de 2001 à 2016 sont étudiées afin de dégager des enjeux qui sous-tendent le recours à certaines catégories sociales plutôt qu’à d’autres. Un portrait statistique d’ensemble est esquissé au sujet de l’immigration francophone dans cette province du Canada atlantique. Une autre lecture de la stratification sociale est proposée au sujet de la Nouvelle-Écosse en reliant ce découpage conceptuel à l’usage de la langue française au quotidien.
Le concert participatif. Une forme efficiente pour partager la médiation de la musique classique
Authors: Prévost-Thomas Cécile
Published: October 2020

À partir de l’observation deLa nuit des Mayas, concert participatif issu du dispositif de concerts-médiationMusiques entre les lignes, conçu par Thierry Weber à la Haute École de Musique de Lausanne, cet article propose de mesurer les différentes dimensions, effets et enjeux du concept de participation à travers son application au secteur de la médiation de la musique.
Le Conservatoire de Paris et la médiation de la musique. Résistances et développements
Authors: Kayas Lucie
Published: October 2020

Établissement d’enseignement supérieur de la musique, le Conservatoire de Paris (cnsmdp) a récemment intégré la médiation à la formation tant des interprètes que des musicologues. Après avoir exploré le cadre institutionnel dans lequel s’est inséré cet enseignement et retracé l’histoire des débuts de cette discipline dans ce lieu, cet article s’interroge sur les résistances rencontrées par la médiation de la musique au sein du cnsmdp.
Priekšvārds
Authors: Šteinberga Airisa
Published: October 2020

RTU Inženierzinātņu vēstures pētniecības centra (IVPC) sagatavotajā ceturtajā zinātniskajā žurnālā publicēti septiņi pētījumi par Rīgas Politehnikuma (RP) / Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) studentiem, absolventiem un mācībspēkiem, kā arī ar citiem ar inženierzinātnēm saistītiem jautājumiem. Zinātnisko publikāciju autori ir Latvijas zinātnieki, zinātņu vēsturnieki, muzejnieki un pedagogi. Rakstu pamatā galvenokārt ir RTU 60. starptautiskās zinātniskās konferences 2019. gada 10. oktobrī nolasītie referāti. Pētījumu tematika ir RP / RPI studentu, absolventu un mācībspēku darbība, inženierzinātņu un biedrību vēsture.
Rīgas Politehniskā Institūta absolvents, inženieris un sportists Mārtiņš Stabiņš
Authors: Lanka Ērika
Published: October 2020

Raksta mērķis ir atklāt Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) Automātikas un skaitļošanas tehnikas fakultātes (ASTF) absolventa (1972) Mārtiņa Stabiņa veikumu inženiera profesijā un augstos sasniegumus sportā, vairākkārt kļūstot par Latvijas čempionu vieglatlētikā, atklāt studentu ikdienu 20. Gadsimta 60.–70. gados. Par M. Stabiņa sportiskajiem sasniegumiem ir rakstīts, šajā pētījumā viņa panākumi apkopoti, kā arī atklāti līdz šim maz zināmi un nepopularizēti materiāli par viņa ģimeni, ikdienu, izaugsmi un interesēm. Tas ir pirmais plašākais pētījums par inženiera un sportista dzīves darbību septiņos gadu desmitos. Pētījumā izmantoti M. Stabiņa un autores personīgie arhīvi, Latvijas Nacionālā arhīva dokumenti un Latvijas Nacionālās bibliotēkas krājums.The aim of the article is to reveal the performance of Mārtiņš Stabiņš, a graduate of the Faculty of Automation and Computer Technology (1972; FACT) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), in the profession of engineer and high achievements in sports, becoming a Latvian champion in athletics several times, to reveal his daily life during his study years in the 1960s–1970s. Despite the fact that M. Stabiņš’ sports achievements have already described, this article summarizes his successes as well as reveals hitherto little-known and unpublished documents about his family, daily life, developments and interests. This is the first major research on the life of an engineer and athlete during seven decades. The resources used in the research are the personal archives of M. Stabiņš and of the author, documents of the National Archives of Latvia, and the collection of the National Library of Latvia.
In Memoriam
Authors: Zigmunde Alīda
Published: October 2020

Mašīnzinību, transporta un aeronautikas fakultātes (MTAF) un konferenču un sporta centra «Ronīši» saimniecības pārvaldnieks, RTU Goda darbinieks (2015) Aivars Andruškins.Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) Ķīmijas fakultātes dekāns (1971–1974) ķīmiķis Jezups Bindars.RTU laikraksta «Jaunais Inženieris» redaktore (1988–2000) un redaktora vietniece (2000–2008), RTU Goda darbiniece (1985) Mudīte Eizentāle.RTU Inženierekonomikas un vadības fakultātes lietvede Ilze Mazure.RTU Inženierekonomikas un vadības fakultātes (IEVF) profesors, RTU Goda darbinieks (2010) Viktors Nešpors.RTU Elektroenerģētikas fakultātes docents un fakultātes dekāns (1958–1966; 1975–1988), RTU Goda darbinieks (1985) Georgijs Obuševs.Latvijas Republikas Zemessardzes Studentu bataljona pirmais komandieris, Viestura ordeņa kavalieris, ilggadējs Latviešu Virsnieku apvienības valdes priekšsēdētājs, Latvijas Ordeņu brālības domes un valdes loceklis, orientēšanās sporta meistars un Vissavienības kategorijas tiesnesis, atvaļinātais kapteinis Aleksejs Ozoliņš.RTU Dizaina tehnoloģiju institūta lietvede Marija Rutkovska.Latvijas Zinātņu akadēmijas (LZA) akadēmiķis un RTU Goda biedrs (2000) profesors Jānis Stradiņš.RTU ilggadējais asociētais profesors Aivars Šulcs.Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) / Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU) docētāja filozofe un folkloriste Renāte Tavare.Materiālzinātnes un lietišķās ķīmijas fakultātes (MLĶF) Polimērmateriālu institūta pētniece un Polimēru materiālu tehnoloģijas katedras vecākā laborante, RTU Goda darbiniece (1997) Velta Tupureina.Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU) un Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) darbinieks, bijušais Mehānikas un mašīnbūves institūta Siltumenerģētisko sistēmu katedras vadītājs un studiju programmu direktors profesors Dr. habil. sc. ing. Daniels Turlajs.RTU Mašīnzinību, transporta un aeronautikas fakultātes (MTAF) Aeronautikas institūta direktors profesors Aleksandrs Urbahs.Emeritētais profesors, RTU Goda doktors (1994), inženieris un izgudrotājs Reinhards Vītols.RTU darbinieks un mācībspēks, darba aizsardzības speciālists, RTU Goda darbinieks (2017) praktiskais docents Valdis Ziemelis.
The Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Genetic Alterations of Gastric Cancer Patients According to the Lauren Classification
Authors: Cheng Han-Fang , Huang Kuo-Hung , Chen Ming-Huang , Fang Wen-Liang , Lin Chien-Hsing , Chao Yee , Lo Su-Shun , Li Anna Fen-Yau , Wu Chew-Wun , Shyr Yi-Ming
Published: October 2020

Objective

The Lauren classification is an important histologic classification of gastric cancer (GC) with different biological behaviors between histologic types.

Background

To date, there are few reports on the genetic alterations and survival differences between different histologic types according to the Lauren classification.

Methods

In total, 433 GC patients undergoing surgery were enrolled. The clinicopathologic features, prognoses, and genetic alterations of the different Lauren types were compared.

Results

Diffuse-type GC was associated with a younger age, female predominance, more Borrmann type 3 and 4 tumors, more advanced pathologic tumor (T) and node (N) categories, more tumor recurrences (especially peritoneal recurrence), and worse 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates than intestinal-type GC and mixed-type GC. Regarding genetic alterations, mixed-type GC was associated with more TP53 mutations than intestinal-type GC and diffuse-type GC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the following independent prognostic factors: age, Lauren classification, and pathologic T and N categories. Regarding mixed-type GC, diffuse-type major tumors were associated with more lymphovascular invasion, a more advanced N category and tumor, node, metastasis stage, and fewer PI3K/AKT pathway mutations than intestinal-type major tumors.

Conclusions

Diffuse-type GC had unfavorable clinicopathologic features and a worse prognosis than intestinal-type GC. For mixed-type GC, the clinicopathologic features and genetic alterations were different between intestinal-type major tumors and diffuse-type major tumors.
Design and Static-Performance Evaluation of Concrete-Filled-Tube Rock Shed Structure
Authors: Lee Juho , Lee Hyeoung-Deok , Song Jong-Keol , Moon Jiho
Published: October 2020

Rockfall protection facilities are necessary to reduce damages from rockfall or debris flow on roads near steep cut slopes. In Korea, rockfall protection fences and rock sheds are widely utilized for rockfall protection facilities. The rock shed is made of reinforced concrete or steel in the shape of a tunnel, and it is used for protecting the road from massive rockfall (up to 3,000 kJ of rockfall energy). In this study, a new type of rock shed comprising a Concrete-Filled-Tube (CFT) was designed. First, the proposed CFT rock shed could resist up to 3,000 kJ rockfall energy. Next, the performance of the CFT was verified through static analysis in which the 3,000 kJ rockfall energy was considered as the equivalent static load.
Section Design of 3MW Wind Turbine Tower Applied by GFRP DSCT Structure
Authors: Hong Hyemin , Kim Sungwon , Han Taek Hee
Published: October 2020

In this study, cross-sections of GFRP DSCT (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Double-Skinned Composite Tubular) column applicable to a 3 MW wind power tower were designed and performance evaluations of the designed sections were conducted. Forty sections, which satisfied the required axial load and bending moment, were designed according to the corresponding hollow ratio using the AutoDSCT program. Each section was analyzed using the CoWiTA program with consideration of the nonlinearity of the material, concrete confinement effect, and large displacement effect. Consequently, for a section with a diameter of 4.5 m, the requirement was satisfied when the hollow ratio was 70% to 85%, and for the diameters of 4.275 m, 4.05 m, and 3.825 m, sections with hollow ratios between 70% and 82%, 70% and 76%, and only 70%, respectively, satisfied the requirement respectively. Further, modularization was also carried out on the columns for convenience and ease of transport, and the performance of each section was verified by presenting sections of the module for each height.
Analysis of Morphological Characteristics of Collapsed Reservoirs in Korea
Authors: Kim Donghyun , Kim Jongsung , Wang Wonjoon , Lee Joonseok , Jung Jaewon , Kim Hung Soo
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the basic specifications or items of 17,313 reservoirs distributed throughout Korea and in particular, to establish the relationships among the morphological characteristics of the reservoirs. In addition, the morphology index, the storage (S)–area of full water (A)–levee height (H) (S–A–H) relationship, and the storage(S)–area of full water (A) (S–A) relationship were determined for collapsed reservoirs. In this study, histograms for 11 parameters, such as storage capacity, area of full water, levee height, and basin area, were plotted, and the distributions of the reservoir parameters were examined. The morphology index was used to classify the reservoirs based on the depth, and the coefficient values of the relationships of S–A–H and S–A were used to compare S with both A and H or only A. The coefficient value of S–A–H was inversely proportional to S, and when the coefficient value was high, the storage was small. The coefficient value of S–A was proportional to S, and when the coefficient value was small, the storage wassmall. Cluster analysis was performed based on the given items to determine the characteristics of all the reservoirs and only the collapsed reservoirs. From the cluster analysis results, the reservoirs were divided into five groups: A, B, C, D, and E. There were 7,714 (14) in Group A, 6,053 (4) in B, 2,633 (2) in C, 745 (1) in D, and 168 (0) in E for all the reservoirs and collapsed reservoirs (with the values of the collapsed reservoirs in parenthesis). The morphological indexes werelow in the order of A > B > C > D > E, and the coefficient values of S–A–H were high in the order of A > B > C > E > D. The coefficient values of S–A were low in the order of A > B > D > C > E. Based on the clustered analysis results for 21 collapsed reservoirs, the reservoirs were clustered in the order of A (14) > B (4) > C (2) > D (1) > E (0). A reservoir with shallow water depth and small storage capacity has an inherent probability of collapsing. Therefore, the results of this study are useful for reservoir management and operation, as well as for the prevention of reservoir collapse.
Correlation between Flexural Crack and Impedance Signal of Circular Steel Tube Beam
Authors: Lee Jong-Won
Published: October 2020

It is necessary to develop a technique that can be used to estimate cracks, which indicates a typical type of damage, using sensors to achieve the structural safety of circular steel-tube structural members widely used in infrastructures. Impedance techniques have been actively investigated to detect local damage, such as cracks. The cracks were estimated by experimentally investigating the relationship between the cracks and impedance signals using a damage index. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the change in impedance signal and the change in the analytically obtained equivalent bending stiffness of cracked beams owing to crack formation and propagation in a circular steel-tube beam. In other words, the impedance signal was measured while gradually inducing cracking in circular steel-tube cantilever beams, two damage indices were obtained, and the results were compared with the analytically obtained equivalent bending stiffness of cracked beams constructed using an energy method. It was found that a close correlation between both the damage index for the impedance signal and equivalent bending stiffness for the crack location and the size of each damage case existed. Based on this correlation, the structural characteristics of the current state of a structure can be evaluated more accurately using the damage estimation results, and the behavior of the structure can be predicted using the analysis model.
Study on Establishing the Standard for Occupant Load Density in Domestic Bus Terminals
Authors: Seo Donggoo , Hwang Eunkyoung
Published: October 2020

Occupant load density standards serve an important role when calculating evacuation capacities for fire safety designs and building safety evaluations. Domestic bus terminals are typical examples of buildings that are used by large numbers of people but do not have domestic occupant loaddensity standards despite their importance in terms of fire safety. Therefore, this work presents the results of a sample survey using the People Counting System (PCS) by surveying bus terminals in Seoul, Korea to build the basic data required to establish occupant load density standards for bus terminals. The survey categorized the space within the terminals into waiting and walking zones; the average occupant load density for the waiting zones was found to be 2.36 m²/person, whereas that for the walking zones was 9.48 m²/person. Furthermore, with reference to the Level of Standard (LOS) for domestic designs, the waiting zones should be at level B or higher and walking zones should be at level A or higher. Survey results based on domestic and international occupant load density standards also show that the observed results for both waiting and walking zones in this study are acceptable with respect to all available standards. However, further research and active discussions between experts are required before these standards can be applied practically.
Vitamin K‐dependnet carboxylases from non‐hepatic tissues
Authors: Vermeer C. , Hendrix H. , Daemen M.
Published: July 2002

The presence of vitamin K‐dependent carboxylase was investigated in the microsomal fraction of 20 different types of bovine tissue. Except for muscle, veins, lymphocytes and bone membrane, carboxylase was found in all these preparations, albeit in varying amounts. No differences could be detected between these carboxylating systems with respect to their affinity for vitamin K and warfarin. Most of the endogenous substrates had some affinity towards antiprothrombin or antifactor X.
Dependence on pH of substrate binding to lactose carrier in Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membranes
Authors: Yamato I. , Rosenbusch J.P.
Published: July 2002

Lactose permease in Escherichia mediates proton‐substrate cotransport. The molecular mechanism of this process is not understood. We examined the effect of proton concentration on the binding of a substance analogue to the carrier. The dissociation constant of p‐nitrophenyl‐α‐galactoside from the carrier was dependent on pH, with an apparent pK
a of 9.7.
Localization of the chemotactic domain in fibronectin
Authors: Albini A. , Richter H. , Pontz B.F.
Published: July 2002

Fragments derived from human plasma fibronectin by enzymatic degradation were tested in the Boyden chamber for chemotactic activity towards various fibroblast strains. The results provide clear evidence that the chemotactic activity is restricted to a defined region of the fibronectin molecule which is the same for various fibroblast strains. The active domain is localized between the collagen binding site and the major heparin binding site, about 170 kDa apart from the N‐terminal and about 70 kDa from the C‐terminal ends of the two subunit peptide chains.
Slow dissociation of 4‐methylumbelliferyl β‐D‐galactosyl‐(1→3)‐N‐acetyl β‐D‐galactosaminide from its complex with peanut agglutinin
Authors: Loontiens Frank G.
Published: July 2002

Interaction of peanut agglutinin with MeUmbβGalβ(1→3)GalNAc was followed with the stopped‐flow technique. The mechanism is a simple bimolecular association with k
+ = 7.1 × 103 M−1. s−1 and k
− = 0.24 s−1 at 25°C. The very slow dissociation rate of the complex strongly supports earlier conclusions that the combining site of peanut agglutinin is complementary to the Galβ(1→3)GalNac structure.
Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is located on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Authors: Zborowski Józef , Dygas Anna , Wojtczak Lech
Published: July 2002

It is shown that the trypsin‐treatment of rat liver mitochondria, depleted of the outer membrane, causes a strong inactivation of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase. This inactivation is dependent on trypsin concentration and the time of digestion in a similar manner as the inactivation of cytochrome oxidase. Under these conditions only a moderate inactivation of succinate dehydrogenase is observed. Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is thus localized in the outer leaflet of the inner mitochondria membrane or, at least, is accessible from the outer surface of the inner membrane.
Elongation factor G protects a nuclease‐sensitive site of 23 S RNA within the ribosome
Authors: Bochkareva E.S. , Girshovich A.S.
Published: July 2002

Elongation factor G is shown to protect the nuclease splitting off the 3′ ‐terminal 11 S fragment from the 23 S RNA within the ribosomal 50 S subparticle.
Light regulates the gene expression of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase at the levels of transcription and gene dosage in greening pea leaves
Authors: Sasaki Yukiko , Tomoda Yoshihisa , Kamikubo Tadashi
Published: July 2002

Ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase, composed of large and small subunits, is induced by light in pea leaves. During induction, the synthesis rate of the two mRNAs and the gene dosage were measured. The relative rates of synthesis of the two mRNAs changed with the time of illumination, while the relative gene dosage changed only for the large subunit. The increase in the synthesis rate of the large subunit mRNA was shown to be at least partly due to an increase in gene dosage. These results indicate that the light induction of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase in the pea is controlled at the levels of transcription and, for the large subunit, also of gene dosage.
Direct incorporation of microtubule oligomers at high GTP concentrations
Authors: Burns Roy G. , Islam Khalid
Published: July 2002

Chick brain microtubule protein consists primarily of a mixture of MAP2 : tubulin oligomers and dimeric tubulin. The assembly of this protein is described by a single pseudofirst‐order reaction at 20 μM GTP, but by the summation of two pseudofirst‐order reactions at 1 mM GTP. The protein contains two GTP‐binding species, corresponding to the tubulin dimers and the oligomers, and conditions which alter the dimer : oligomer equilibrium, affect the kinetics of microtubule assembly. The results indicate that the oligomers are only direct assembly intermediates at high GTP concentrations.
Structures of fucose‐containing ceramide pentasaccharides from the plasma of blood group O Le(a−b−) nonsecretors
Authors: Pfannschmidt Gerhard , Peter-Katalinić Jasna , Kordowicz Maria , Egge Heinz , Dabrowski Janusz , Dabrowski Ursula , Hanfland Peter
Published: July 2002

A minor, Lec blood‐group inactive ceramide pentasaccharide double band fraction has been isolated from the plasma of blood group O Le(a−b−) nonsecretors. The two purified glycolipids were analysed by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and combined gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The following structures could be established: GlcNAc(β1 → 3)Gal(β1 → 4)Glc(β1 → 1)Cer (I); Gal(β1 → 4) [Fuc(α1 → 3)]GlcNAc(β1 → 3)Gal(β1 → 4)Glc(β1 → 1)Cer (II). It must be concluded that at least part of the secretor gene‐independent plasmatic H type 2 blood‐group activity can be attributed to glyco‐sphingolipid I, whereas substance II, originally detected in cancerous tissue, also occurs in the plasma of healthy individuals.
Chemical modification studies of gelonin
Authors: Srinivasan Yogambal , Ramprasad M.P. , Surolia Avadhesha
Published: July 2002

Gelonin inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating the eukaryotic 60 S ribosomal subunit by an unknown mechanism. The protein was purified in high yield by a new method using Cibacron blue F3GA‐Sepharose. Chemical modification studies reveal that arginine residues are essential for biological activity.
Structure of chicken calcitonin predicted by partial nucleotide sequence of its precursor
Authors: Lasmoles F. , Jullienne A. , Desplan C. , Milhaud G. , Moukhtar M.S.
Published: July 2002

DNA complementary to chicken ultimobranchial gland mRNA was cloned into the Pst I site of plasmid vector pBR322. A plasmid was selected by DNA‐mRNA hybridization. We report here the partial nucleotide sequence of chicken calcitonin mRNA and the deduced complete amino acid sequence of chicken calcitonin.
An unusual guanyl oligonucleotide regulates cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum
Authors: Ross Peter , Aloni Yehoshua , Weinhouse Chaim , Michaeli Dorit , Weinberger-Ohana Patricia , Meyer Raphael , Benziman Moshe
Published: July 2002

The mechanism of GTP‐specific activation of the mebrane‐bound cellulose synthase system of Acetobacter xylinum has been further elucidated. The supernatant fraction derived from washed membranes of this organism contains an enzyme which reacts with GTP to form a low molecular mass, heat‐stable compound, tentatively characterized as a cyclic oligonuleotide composed of GMP residues, which is the immediate activator of the cellulose synthase. This activation is reversed by a membrane‐bound enzyme that degrades the activator; the latter enzyme is inhibited by Ca2+. It is suggested that the interaction between these enzymes and nucleotide derivatives, mediated by Ca2+, may regulate cellulose synthesis in vivo.
A model for the structural organization of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases in mammalian cells
Authors: Çirakoḡlu Beyazit , Mirande Marc , Waller Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2002

Animal cell; Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase; Multienzyme complex; Structural organization
Identification of a calcium‐ and phospholipid‐dependent protein kinase in plant tissue
Authors: Schäfer Angelika , Bygrave Fyfe , Matzenauer Sybille , Marmé Dieter
Published: July 2002

A Ca2+‐ and phospholipid‐activated protein kinase from zucchini has been partially purified by DEAE‐Sephacel chromatography and some properties of the enzyme have been assessed. Minimal activity occurs in the absence of added Ca2+ or of added phospholipid but concentrations of the free ion in the range of 3 × 10−7 M produce a marked stimulation. At 10−6 M free Ca2+ this activity is further enhanced by phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid but not by phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylinositol. All of these phospholipids and especially phosphatidylinositol stimulate protein kinase activity in the absence of added Ca2+.
Chiral purity of nucleotides as a necessary condition of complementarity
Authors: Goldanskii V.I. , Avetisov V.A. , Kuz'min V.V.
Published: July 2002

This work discusses the question about the role of chiral purity (homochirality) of nucleotides in the formation of complementary replicas. A qualitative answer to this question can be obtained from molecular models constructed to simulate the chiral defect in the polynucleotidic chain. It shows the necessity of homochirality of nucleotides for the complementarity preservation. The necessity of the strong mirror‐symmetry breaking in the abiogenic formation of the self‐replicating oligonucleotide structures is discussed in the context of prebiological evolution.
Electron transport components of Heliobacterium chlorum investigated by EPR spectroscopy at 9 and 35 GHz
Authors: Brok Martin , Vasmel Henk , Horikx Johannes T.G. , Hoff Arnold J.
Published: July 2002

In membrane fragments of Heliobacterium chlorum we have observed by EPR spectroscopy the light‐induced reduction of a ferredoxin type electron acceptor with g

y
= 1.937 and g

z
= 1.879 at a midpoint potential E
m > −420 mV. A low‐potential (E
m < −620 mV) electron acceptor at g = 2.0038 having a 15 G wide EPR line at 9.2 GHz and 18 G at 35 GHz could also be reduced by photoaccumulation; it is either located in the electron transport chain or on a side path. The linewidth of the primary donor P‐798 shows an anomalous temperature dependence, possibly caused by a change in dimeric structure induced by cooling. A scheme for the proposed electron transport chain is presented.
Specific inhibition of human granulocyte elastase with peptide aldehydes
Authors: Cs.-Szabó Gabriella , Széll Erzsébet , El″odi Pál
Published: July 2002

The kinetic features of human granulocyte elastase, chymotrypsin, bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin, porcine pancreatic elastase and elastomucoproteinase were compared. Amino acyi ester substrates were assayed and K
m and k
cat values were defined. Aldehyde analogues of the P‐niitroanilide substrates designed for granulocyte elastase as optimal for K
m appeared to be potent inhibitors. Suc‐D‐Phe‐Pro‐valinal (K
i = 40μM) was found to inhibit granulocyte elastase competitively and specifically when measured with synthetic substrates, and the K
i was 3 μM with the natural protein substrate, elastin.
Neighbouring subunits of CF0 and between CF1 and CF0 of the soluble chloroplast ATP synthase (CF1‐CF0) as revealed by chemical protein cross‐linking
Authors: Süss Karl-Heinz
Published: July 2002

Neighbouring subunits of CF0 (I–III) and between cf0 and CF1 (α‐ϵ) of the chloroplast ATP synthase have been examined by cross‐linking with Cu‐phenanthroline (CuP) and bifunctional, cleavable imidoesters. Imidoesters caused cross‐links of α‐II, β‐I, β‐II, γ‐II, δ‐I and ϵ‐III as well as of I2, I–III, II–III and III2 of the CF0 portion. subunits α‐II, β‐I, β‐II, γ‐II and I‐I are close enough to form intermolecular cystine bridges upon CuP‐catalyzed oxidation of sH groups. The results indicate that: (i) mainly interactions of the CF1 subunits α, β and γ with the CF0 polypeptides I and II are required for binding of CF1 to the thylakoid membrane; (ii) subunit ϵ interacts directly with CF0‐III; (iii) the CF0 portion contains a dimer of subunit I; (iv) subunits α and β appear to be structurally non‐equivalent within the protein complex.
Human purified interleukin‐1 inhibits DNA synthesis and cell growth of osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3‐E1), but enhances alkaline phosphatase activity in the cells
Authors: Hanazawa Shigemasa , Ohmori Yoshihiro , Amano Shigeru , Hirose Kimiharu , Miyoshi Takehito , Kumegawa Masayoshi , Kitano Shigeo
Published: July 2002

We examined the effects of human purified interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) on DNA synthesis, cell growth, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3‐E 1 under both preconfluent and confluent culture conditions. Addition of IL‐1 to the cells markedly inhibited their DNA synthesis and growth over the range 1–10 . Such significant inhibitory effects were observed in cells cultivated in 1 or 5% fetal calf serum (FCS)‐containing alpha modification Eagle's medium (alpha‐MEM), but not in alpha‐MEM containing 10% FCS. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced significantly by IL‐1 in the cell line cultivated in 1% FCS‐containing alpha‐MEM. These results demonstrate that human purified IL‐1 is effective in inducing the differentiation of osteoblastic cell MC3T3‐E1.
Aromatic ring cleavage of β‐O‐4 lignin substructure model dimers by lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Umezawa Toshiaki , Shimada Mikio , Higuchi Takayoshi , Kusai Kiyoshi
Published: July 2002

Extracellular lignin peroxidase (ligninase) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyzed aromatic ring cleavage of β‐O‐4 lignin substructure model dimers to give three esters of arylglycerol, cyclic carbonate, formate and methyl oxalate. H2O2, was required for the activity of the enzyme.
Activation of wheat embryo calcium‐regulated protein kinase by unsaturated fatty acids in the presence and absence of calcium
Authors: Lucantoni A. , Polya G.M.
Published: July 2002

Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids) markedly activate extensively purified wheat embryo Ca2+‐regulated protein kinase in the absence of Ca2+ or at very low free Ca2+ levels (<0.4 μM). While oleic and linoleic acids also activate in the presence of Ca2+ (10−6−10−4 M), arachidonic acid inhibits at free Ca2+ greater than 10−5 M. Phosphatidylserine does not substantially activate in the absence of Ca2+ or the presence of high Ca2+. Stearic and arachidic acids are less effective than the unsaturated fatty acids as activators in the absence of Ca2+. This type of plant protein kinase may be regulated in vivo independently of Ca2+ through release of unsaturated fatty acids.
Involvement of a 65 kDa phosphoprotein in the regulation of membrane fusion during exocytosis in Paramecium cells
Authors: Stecher Brigitte , Höhne Barbara , Gras Ute , Momayezi Massoud , Glas-Albrecht René , Plattner Helmut
Published: July 2002

Antisera were raised against a phosphoprotein of 65 kDa (PP65) from Paramecium cells (shown before to be selectively dephosphorylated during synchronous exocytosis) and specified by immunoblotting. By immunofluorescence PP65 has been localized within the cortex, beneath the cell membrane. This corresponds to data obtained by cell fractionation, applying SDS‐PAGE autoradiography to cortices prepared from 32P‐prelabeled cells. Antisera against PP65 inhibit exocytosis in vivo (microinjection). Applying anti‐PP65 antisera in vitro to cortices we could demonstrate inhibition not only of exocytosis, but also of PP65 dephosphorylation. We conclude that PP65 is involved in the regulation of membrane fusion during exocytosis.
Rapid characterization of mucin oligosaccharides from rat small intestine with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Karlsson Hasse , Carlstedt Ingemar , Hansson Gunnar C.
Published: July 2002

Mucin glycopeptides were isolated from rat small intestinal mucosa after reduction/alkylation, trypsin digestion and gel chromatography. The oligosaccharides were released by using alkaline‐NaBH4, separated into neutral and acidic species and permethylated. The derivatized mixtures were analysed with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry using thin film columns. Permethylated neutral oligosaccharides with up to seven sugars could be chromatographed and detected with mass spectrometry. The complex mixture revealed was partly due to the linkage GalNAc being substituted at both position 3 and 6. The approach will be very useful when analysing small amounts of mucins and mucin fragments.
Resonance Raman study of intermediates of the halorhodopsin photocycle
Authors: Diller R. , Stockburger M. , Oesterhelt D. , Tittor J.
Published: July 2002

The resonance Raman (RR) study of the retinal protein halorhodopsin (HR578) was extended to two of its photoproducts: HR and HRL
410 RR spectra of both species were recorded in H2O and D2O and compared with the RR spectra of the intermediates L550 and M412 from the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. HR520 was found to be a protonated Schiff base in the 13‐cis configuration and HRL
410 a deprotonated Schiff base in the 13‐cis configuration.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA coding for the precursor of the human cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C
Authors: Abrahamson Magnus , Grubb Anders , Olafsson Isleifur , Lundwall Åke
Published: July 2002

Recombinant cystatin C producing clones were isolated from a human placenta λgt11 cDNA library. The cDNA insert of one of the clones, containing 777 base pairs, encodes the complete mature cystatin C (120 amino acids) and a hydrophobic leader sequence of 26 amino acids, indicating an extracellular function of the inhibitor. The deduced protein sequence confirms the protein sequence of cystatin C isolated from human urine, but differs in one position from the sequence of the cystatin C fragment deposited as amyloid in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis.
Does bacteriorhodopsin energize the membranes of animal mitochondria under light?
Authors: Okon E.B. , Vsevolodov N.N.
Published: July 2002

A suspension of freeze‐thawed mitochondria mixed with purple membranes from Halobacteria was illuminated with visible light. It was found that the light exposure prevented inhibition of succinate oxidation. The illumination also led to a decrease in inhibition of the rate of ferricyanide reduction by rat liver mitochondria in the presence of succinate. Both phenomena are explained by the fact that oxalacetate inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase is prevented by light‐induced energization of mitochondrial membranes due to the contact with purple membranes.
Induction of cyclo‐oxygenase by interleukin‐1 in rheumatoid synovial cells
Authors: O'Neill L.A.J. , Barrett M.L. , Lewis G.P.
Published: July 2002

The ability of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) to stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 production by human rheumatoid adherent synovial cells was found to be time‐dependent and sensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors. Cells incubated with exogenous arachidonic acid (10 μM) showed no increase in PGE2 production. However, with IL‐1 (2.5 ) and exogenous arachidonic acid there was a marked increase, with levels reaching twice that for cells incubated with IL‐1 alone. Aspirin pre‐treatment studies and the use of [acetyl‐14C]aspirin showed that IL‐1 increased PGE2 production through the induction of cyclo‐oxygenase.
18 kDa microtubule‐associated protein: identification as a new light chain (LC‐3) of microtubule‐associated protein 1 (MAP‐1)
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergei A. , Gelfand Vladimir I.
Published: July 2002

SDS gel electrophoresis of microtubule proteins obtained from bovine brain by polymerization cycles revealed a new protein of 18 kDa. This protein was copolymerized with tubulin and its stoichiometry to tubulin remained constant for at least 5 cycles of assembly. Moreover, this protein remained bound to microtubules stabilized with 10 μM taxol and pelleted through a 4 M glycerol cushion. The same 18 kDa protein was found in a purified preparation of the high molecular mass microtubule‐associated protein 1 (MAP‐1). The 18 kDa protein copurified with the MAP‐1 heavy chains during column chromatography on phosphocellulose, DEAE‐cellulose, hydroxyapatite and Bio‐Gel A‐15m. Incubation of the MAP‐1 preparation with a mouse monoclonal antibody to the light chain 1 (LC‐1) of MAP‐1 and with a second precipitating antibody (a rabbit antibody to mouse IgG) immunoprecipitated from the solution all the known components of MAP‐1 (heavy chains, LC‐1, LC‐2), as well as the 18 kDa protein. Immunoblotting showed, however, that this antibody does not interact directly with the 18 kDa protein. These results indicate that the 18 kDa protein forms a complex with all other components of MAP‐1. This polypeptide, therefore, is a new light chain (LC‐3) of M AP‐1.
Methane formation from acetyl phosphate in cell extracts of Methanosarcina barkeri Dependence of the reaction on coenzyme A
Authors: Fischer R. , Thauer R.K.
Published: July 2002

Cell extracts (100 000 × g supernatant) of acetate grown Methanosarcina barkeri (strain MS) catalyzed the formation of methane from acetyl phosphate (apparent K
m ∼ 2 mM) with specific activities up to 50 nmol·min−1·mg protein−1, which is 25% of the specific rate of methane formation from acetate by intact cells. Methane formation from acetyl phosphate was strictly dependent on coenzyme A (CoA) (apparent K
m ∼ 0.1 mM), which was demonstrated with extracts pretreated with charcoal to remove endogenous CoA. The extracts contained high specific activities of acetate kinase (16 μmol·min−1·mg protein−1) and of phosphotransacetylase (26 μmol·min−1·mg protein−1). The findings indicate that methanogenesis from acetate proceeds via acetyl phosphate and acetyl‐CoA as intermediates. Almost identical results were obtained with cell extracts of acetate grown M. barkeri (strain Fusaro).
Calmodulin‐binding profiles for nebulin and dystrophin in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Patel K. , Strong P.N. , Dubowitz V. , Dunn M.J.
Published: July 2002

Nebulin and dystrophin are two high‐molecular‐mass skeletal muscle proteins that have both been associated with the defective gene in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, although the function of neither protein is known. Other high‐molecular‐mass, calmodulin‐binding proteins have recently been implicated in regulating calcium release from skeletal muscle. Western blots of human skeletal muscle biopsy samples were probed with biotinylated calmodulin; nebulin was identified as a prominent high‐molecular‐mass calmodulin‐binding protein but dystrophin did not bind detectable amounts of biotinylated calmodulin. Dystrophin was absent in a Duchenne muscle biopsy.
A discontinuous epitope on p36, the major substrate of src tyrosine‐protein‐kinase, brings the phosphorylation site into the neighbourhood of a consensus sequence for Ca2+/lipid‐binding proteins
Authors: Johnsson Nils , Johnsson Kai , Weber Klaus
Published: July 2002

Previous models of p36 based on proteolytic fragments describe the tail and core as two noninteracting domains. However, the monoclonal antibody H28 recognizes a discontinuous epitope, which covers the peptide segments around Ser 25 in the tail and around Glu 65 in the core of porcine p36. Thus, the phosphorylatable Tyr 23 is much closer to the first consensus sequence (residues 46–62) of Ca2+/lipid‐binding proteins than previously thought. This apposition is in line with biochemical experiments indicating an influence of core ligands on tyrosine phosphorylation and an enhanced Ca2+ requirement of the modified p36 in phospholipid binding.
Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide‐copper complex glycyl‐L‐histidyl‐L‐lysine‐Cu2+
Authors: Maquart François-Xavier , Pickart Loren , Laurent Maryvonne , Gillery Philippe , Monboisse Jean-Claude , Borel Jacques-Paul
Published: July 2002

Glycyl‐L‐histidyl‐L‐lysine (GHK) is a tripeptide with affinity for copper(II) ions and was isolated from human plasma. This peptide appears to play a physiological role in wound healing. We report the stimulating effect of GHK‐Cu on collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. The stimulation began between 10−12 and 10−11 M, maximized at 10−9 M, and was independent of any change in cell number. The presence of a GHK triplet in the α2(I) chain of type I collagen suggests that the tripeptide might be liberated by proteases at the site of a wound and exert in situ healing effects.
A physiological delay in human fetal hemoglobin switching is associated with specific globin DNA hypomethylation
Authors: Perrine Susan P. , Greene Michael F. , Cohen Ruth A. , Faller Douglas V.
Published: July 2002

The human fetal‐to‐adult globin switch normally occurs on a fixed schedule, beginning at 32–34 weeks gestation, and recent studies have suggested an association between this developmental inactivation of the fetal (γ) globin genes and the appearance of methylation within and around these genes. We have studied a population of infants in whom this switch does not occur before birth (infants of diabetic mothers, IDM) and examined the patterns of methylation surrounding their active γ‐globin genes, in comparison to the γ‐globin genes of age‐matched controls who have switched their pattern of globin gene expression on schedule. All genomic DNA samples from infants with delays in the globin switch demonstrated extensive hypomethylation in the region of the γ‐globin genes, comparable to that found in the genomes of fetuses of less than 21 weeks gestation. DNA from the erythroid cells of infants of 32–40 weeks gestation had no detectable hypomethylation in the γ‐globin region. These findings support the concept that hypomethylation is an accurate developmental marker of globin gene switching, and suggest that globin gene expression in IDM may be arrested at an early preswitch stage.
Influence of fibroblast growth factor on phosphorylation and activity of a 34 kDa lipocortin‐like protein in bovine epithelial lens cells
Authors: Blanquet Pierre R. , Paillard Sophie , Courtois Yves
Published: July 2002

We examined the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on phosphorylation and lipocortin‐like activity of the 34 kDa protein present in the basal membrane of epithelial peripheral cells which initiate growth and differentiation in the bovine lens. We found that: (i) the 34 kDa protein possesses anti‐phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of lipocortin; (ii) in response to FGF, the anti‐PLA2 activity of this protein is enhanced whereas its phosphorylation is markedly decreased. It is suggested that the 34 kDa protein might represent an important biological activity in controlling FGF induction of growth and differentiation in the adult eye lens.
Metallothionein RNA levels in HL‐60 cells Effect of cadmium, differentiation, and protein kinase C activation
Authors: Hanke Tomas , Tyers Michael , Harley Calvin B.
Published: July 2002

Metallothionein (MT) gene transcription is regulated in a developmental and tissue‐specific manner by metal ions and other agents. We examined MT expression in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL‐60 during differentiation along macrophage and neutrophil lineages. All HL‐60 phenotypes showed similar basal levels of MT RNA with significant induction following exposure to Cd2+ but not activators of PKC. MT RNA did not correlate with growth state or with known levels of PKC activity, thus our data do not support a role for MT in HL‐60 differentiation or for PKC in MT expression.
High‐performance liquid chromatography of the main polypeptide (MP26) of lens fiber plasma membranes solubilized with n‐octyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside
Authors: Manenti S. , Dunia I. , le Maire M. , Benedetti E.L.
Published: July 2002

The main polypeptide isolated from lens fiber membrane has been solubilized in octyl glucoside and studied by gel filtration in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The combination of S20,w value obtained from analytical ultracentrifugation and Stokes radius determined by HPLC of the soluble fraction indicates that more than 90% of the protein is monomeric. The solubilization of the protein seems to be dependent upon the presence of the NH2 and COOH terminal sequences, since proteolytic degradation of MP26 which removes these terminal sequences is less soluble than the uncleaved polypeptide. Moreover, there is a higher amount of oligomer after proteolysis. Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography shows that the insoluble membrane fraction from both cortical and nuclear fibers comprises a special class of long (C22) saturated fatty acids (behenic acid).
A phorbol ester and a daphnane ester stimulate a calcium‐independent kinase activity from human mononuclear cells
Authors: Ryves W.J , Garland L.G. , Evans A.T. , Evans F.J.
Published: July 2002

TPA and a non‐promoting, pro‐inflammatory ester RX were used to stimulate the forms of PKC isolated from human mononuclear cells. Three peaks of kinase activity corresponding to γ, β and α PKC were stimulated by TPA in the presence and absence of calcium and/or phosphatidylserine (PS) but were not activated by RX. A fourth peak eluted at high phosphate concentration was activated by TPA and RX in the presence of PS and the absence of calcium. Activity in this fraction was labile to freezing and thawing and was inhibited by staurosporine.
Association of phosphatidylinositol kinase and phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate kinase activities with the cytoskeleton in human platelets
Authors: Nahas Nabeel , Plantavid Monique , Mauco Gérard , Chap Hugues
Published: July 2002

The inositol lipid kinases were investigated in the cytoskeletons of human platelets. In the absence of added lipids the kinases were only barely detectable in the Triton‐soluble fractions and undetectable in cytoskeletons of resting cells. However at least 30% of the total phosphatidylinositol kinase was present in the cytoskeleton as revealed by saturation of the enzyme. Phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate kinase was also found in significant amounts in the cytoskeletons. On the other hand, both enzymes being only recovered in the particulate fraction of the cells, we suggest that inositol lipid kinases may be present near the anchoring points of the cytoskeletons at the membranes.
Ricin A‐chain induces fusion of small unilamellar vesicles at neutral pH
Authors: Utsumi Toshihiko , Ide Akio , Funatsu Gunki
Published: July 2002

The interaction of ricin and its constituent polypeptides, the A‐ and B‐chain, with small unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The A‐chain, at neutral pH, entirely shifted the endothermic peak of small unilamellar vesicles of DPPC from 37°C to 41°C at low protein/lipid ratios. The potency of either ricin or the B‐chain to induce the shift of endothermic peak was much less than that of the A‐chain. The A‐chain was also found to cause mixing of endothermic peaks of DMPC vesicles and DPPC vesicles. These data strongly suggest that the A‐chain has the ability to induce fusion of phospholipid vesicles.