bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Jatropha Curcas Provenances Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Authors: Satyawan Dani , Tasma I Made
Published: February 2017

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Jatropha Curcas
Provenances Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic
DNA Markers. Dani Satyawan and I Made Tasma.
Jatropha curcas nuts are rich in oil that is higly suitable for
Hak Cipta © 2011, BB-Biogen
the production of bio-diesel or to be used directly in
modified diesel engines. The objective of this study was to
assess the extent of genetic diversity among 50 J. curcas
provenances and one accession of J. integerrima using
RAPD markers. The fifty J. curcas provenances were
collected from ecologically diverse regions of Indonesia, and
planted in the Pakuwon Experimental Station (Sukabumi,
West Java). Fourteen RAPD primers with 60-80% G+C
content were used in this genetic diversity analysis and
produced 64 bands with 95.7% polymorphism level. The
Polymerase Chain Reactions used to generate the RAPD
bands sometimes produced inconsistent and nonreproducible
results, necessitating the duplication of each
reaction to prevent scoring errors. Sixty one validated bands
were subsequently used for genetic diversity analysis using
Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA)
method and Dice coefficients. It was shown that the
similarity coefficients among the provenances ranged from
0.2 to 0.98 with an average similarity of 0.75. Dendrogram
analysis produced two major groups of provenances, with
one outlier from South Lampung. There was no tendency for
provenances originated from nearby regions to cluster
together in each group, and several provenances showed
more similarities with provenances originated from distant
regions. This pattern lent credence to reports that Jatropha
was introduced to Indonesia around four centuries ago and
was mainly spread by humans. Based on the mean
similarities among the accessions and their clustering
pattern, the genetic diversity of the Jatropha collection
appeared to be fairly low. Future additions of genetic
materials from more diverse genetic background will be
necessary to maintain the current progress of Jatropha
improvement program.
Sidik Jari DNA 88 Plasma Nutfah Ubi Jalar di Indonesia Berdasarkan Delapan Penanda SSR
Authors: Hidayatun Nurul , Chaerani Chaerani , Utami Dwinita Wikan
Published: February 2017

DNA Fingerprinting of Indonesian 88 Sweet Potato
Germplasm Based on Eight SSR Markers. Nurul
Hidayatun, Chaerani, and Dwinita W. Utami. Indonesia
possesses a great number of sweet potato varieties.
Understanding the diversity and distribution of this genetic
resource is essential for its management and future use. The
objective of this study was to elaborate the molecular
character as DNA finger print of Indonesian sweet potato
germplasm. Eight fluorescent labeled SSR primers were
used to amplify DNA of 88 sweet potato accessions
consisting of improved varieties and landraces collected
from 7 islands in Indonesia. The amplified products were
detected using capillary electrophoresis method in CEQ
Genetic Analysis System machine. A total of 135 alleles
ranging from 8 to 36 alleles per locus with an average of 17
alleles were generated. Each accession had a unique
microsatellite finger print marked by specific combination of
11 to 22 alleles in 8 SSR loci. Dendrogram generated by
UPGMA based on simple matching coefficients produced 4
nonspecific groups at 80% similarity. The groups revealed
the possibilities that the accessions were distributed from
similar genetic resources.
Plot Refugi untuk Pengelolaan Resistensi Hama terhadap Tanaman Transgenik Bt
Authors: Bahagiawati Bahagiawati
Published: February 2017

Refugea Plot as Insect Resistance Management in
Transgenic Bt Crops. Bahagiawati. The objective of this
review is to share information on several cases of target
insects became resistance to transgenic-Bt crops in the field
and the refuge strategy used to manage this problem. Bt
corn and Bt cotton have been planted widely for several
years globally. One of the risks of planting transgenic Bt crop
is the ability of the target insects adapted to the Bt protein
and caused the resistance breakdown the transgenic Bt
plants. This phenomenon was hypothesized in early 1990s
based on the cases of several insects resistance to microbial
Bt sprayed in laboratories and in the field. The mode of
action of the pest resistance to Bt-toxin have been studied in
several laboratories. In USA, to avoid the target insect
resistance to transgenic Bt crops, a program called Insect
Resistance Management (IRM) has been applied since 2001
for farmers growing Bt crops. Lately, there have been some
reports of target insects became resistance to cry1F, cry1Ab,
and cry1Ac in transgenic Bt crops. A report informed about
the resistance of target insect in Puerto Rico was published
in 2006, and so in South Africa in 2006/2007, and the last one
in India in 2009. To avoid target’s insect become resistance
to Bt crops, a program called structural IRM and unstructural
IRM were introduced and applied in several
countries. One of the components of IRM is planting refuge
plot, a plot that planting with isogenic line of Bt crops in/near
by the area of Bt crops. This review will discuss about the
cases of target insect became resistance to Bt crops in the
field, mode of action of insect resistance to Bt, the model of
IRM program in USA and the Philippines and finally the
recommendation for Indonesia to prepare its IRM program
for implementing Bt crops.
Perbanyakan Nematoda Patogenik Serangga (Rhabditida: Steinernema dan Heterorhabditis) pada Media In Vitro Cair Statik
Authors: Chaerani Chaerani , Suhendar M. Ace , Harjosidarmop J.
Published: February 2017

Entomopathogenic nematodes belonging
to genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are potentially
most effective and safe biological control agents for insect
pests, especially for soil dwelling insects and those living in
cryptic habitats. Field application of the nematodes is still
hampered by supply of large number of infective juvenile
(IJ) nematodes. Five published in vitro media along with its
two modifications were tested for mass propagations of two
indigenous nematodes (H. indicus PLR2 and Steinernema
T96) and one commercial strain (S. carpocapsae #25).
Varying levels of IJ yields were observed across the
replications and experiments. Medium F that contained 1.0%
yeast extract, 2.5% egg yolk, and 4.0% soy oil yielded the
highest IJ numbers of H. indicus PLR2 (1.5×105 IJ ml-1) and
of S. carpocapsae #25 (2.9×105 IJ ml-1), whereas the widely
used medium B, which is based on homogenized chicken
offal (40%), yielded the highest number of Steinernema T96
(5.8×104 IJ ml-1). The IJ’s quality, as measured by their
morphometrics and pathogenicities, were generally
impaired, indicating the lack of essential nutrient(s) in the
media. Optimization of the propagation media is therefore
still needed to increase IJ’s quantity and quality to achieve
the required standard for commercial scale of artificial
propagation.
Indirect Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis of Pineapple Induced by Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid
Authors: Roostika Ika , Mariska Ika , Khumaida Nurul , Wattimena Gustaaf A.
Published: February 2017

This research aimed to study the effect of 2,4-D,
AdS, and basal media to the regeneration of pineapple
through indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis,
and to study the complete event of somatic embryogenesis.
Callus formation was induced by 21, 41, and 62 μM 2,4-D
with addition of 9 μM TDZ. The non embryogenic calli were
transferred onto 4.65 μM Kn containing medium.
Embryogenic callus formation was induced on MS or Bac
basal media consisted of N-organic compounds with
addition of AdS (0, 0.05 and 0.1 μM). The embryogenic calli
were regenerated on modified MS medium with addition of
0.9 μM IBA, 1.1 μM BA, 0.09 μM GA3 or MS medium
supplemented with 0.018 mM BA. The result proved that the
single auxin of 2,4-D was not enough to induce embryogenic
cells. Therefore the non embryogenic calli were regenerated
through organogenesis. The 21 μM 2,4-D yielded high level of
callus formation (80%), higher fresh weight (0.2 g/explant)
and higher number of shoot (25 shoots/explant in two
months). Embryogenic calli were produced on N-organic
compounds enriched media. The regeneration medium
significantly affected the level of browning, where the MS
medium with addition of 0.018 mM BA yielded lower level of
browning. There was an interaction of embryogenic callus
induction medium and regeneration medium to the number
of mature somatic embryos. The embryogenic callus
induction on MS medium enriched with N-organic
compounds and 0.05 μM AdS followed by the regeneration
of somatic embryos on MS medium with addition of 0.018
mM BA was the best treatment which yielded 17 mature
somatic embryos/explant.
Construction and Transformation of HVA1 Gene Expression Vector into Indonesian Elite Rice Varieties
Authors: Koerniati Sri , Widhianata Hani
Published: February 2017

of drought in rice. HVA1 is one of the Late Embryogenesis
Abundant (LEA) protein group that plays a role on cell
protection during stresses. A study was done with an
objective to construct a plasmid vector expressing HVA1 and
to transform it into Indonesian elite rice varieties. Materials
used in the study were plasmid pBY520 (source of HVA1;
intermediate plasmid pRP9; plasmid pAY560326
(backbone); restriction enzymes BamHI, HindIII, XhoI, and
SpeI; T4 DNA ligase, and gel DNA extraction kit. Methods
used were standard procedure for plasmid vector
construction and molecular biology. Step I: the pBY520 and
pRP9 were cut with BamHI and HindIII, and electrophorated
with 1% agarose gel. DNA fragments of HVA1 and pRP9 were
purified, ligated with T4 DNA ligase, and transformed into
Escherichia coli DH5-α by heat shock. E. coli were grown
onto solid medium (+ kanamycin 100 mg/l). A new plasmid
DNA was isolated from single colony culture of the bacteria,
confirmed, and named pRP9_HVA1. Step II: DNA of
pRP9_HVA1 and pAY560326 were cut with XhoI dan SpeI
enzymes, purified, and ligated. The next procedure was
similar to step I, and the resulted plasmid was confirmed by
PCR and digestion with XhoI dan SpeI enzymes, and named
pAY_HVA1. Step III: pAY_HVA1 was first transformed into
Agrobacterium EHA-105 and then into rive varieties Ciherang
and Inpari 6 using the early infection of scutellum
transformation method. Nine transgenic rice lines that
positively contain HVA1 were obtained.
Pembentukan Populasi Mutan Azospirillum dengan Menggunakan Transposon untuk Sifat Superior terhadap Pelarutan P
Authors: Hadiarto Toto , Ma'sumah Ma'sumah , Riyanti Eny I.
Published: February 2017

Azospirillum sp. which has the ability for nitrogen
fixation and phosphate solubilization may support modern
farming in Indonesia that is mostly dependent on the usage
of chemical fertilizer N, P, and K. Genetic quality of
Azospirillum was improved in this research to obtain
superior characters toward phosphate solubilization so that
it can become more effective in use for farmers. To achieve
this goal, Azospirillum was mutated by means of
electroporation using transposon EZ-Tn5Tnp. The
electrotransformation resulted in 20 out of 22 transformants
tested contained the marker gen (npt). 10, 6 and 4 mutants
have increased, decreased and lost phosphate-solubilizing
function, respectively. Mutant with elevated phosphatesolubilizing
ability may be selected further to be utilized as
biofertilizer while others may be useful for identification of
genes responsible for phosphate solubilization.
Kultur Antera untuk Percepatan Perakitan Varietas Padi di Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Iswari S , Purwoko Bambang S.
Published: February 2017

Rice is a staple
food crop in Indonesia, while the need is increasing due to
high rice consumption as well as population increase. The
problems can be solved through increase of national rice
production. Productivity of lowland and upland should be
increased intensively and other potential dry area outside
Java and Bali Islands should be considered for extending the
area of production. Recently, high yielding variety such as
semi dwarf variety, hybrid rice, and new plant type of rice
were being developed by Indonesian breeders. However,
new method is needed to complement conventional
breeding method in order to accelerate rice breeding.
Anther culture is one of in vitro culture techniques that can
be used to accelerate the obtainment of pure lines through
doubled-haploids (DHs) regenerated at first generation of
culture for less than one year. Thus, application of anther
culture in conventional breeding will increase the efficiency
of selection process as well as reducing the cost for labour,
land and breeder’s time. The obtainment of green plantlets
derived from anther culture of indica rice subspecies has
been improved by the addition of 1 mM putrescine into
induction and regeneration media. Recently, several upland
rice lines tolerant to abiotic stresses (i.e. low light intensity
and aluminum toxicity) and biotic stresses (i.e. leaf and
neck blast), several lowland rice/paddy lines tolerant to
biotic stresses (i.e. bacterial leaf blight and blast), and
several hybrid parental lines (i.e. male sterile, maintainer
and restorer) were obtained in 2-3 years from several rice
breeding program involving anther culture. However,
potential use anther culture to provide unique genetic
material for mapping populations for use in functional
genomics and molecular breeding has not been explored.
The results indicated that anther culture is a feasible
technology that can be used for accelerating rice breeding
program in Indonesia.
Pemetaan, Karakterisasi, dan Pengembangan Primer-primer Lokus Pup1 (P uptake 1) pada Padi untuk Peningkatan Toleransi terhadap Defisiensi Fosfor
Authors: Prasetiyono Joko , Tasliah Tasliah
Published: February 2017

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important nutrient for
plants after nitrogen, but is available in very low amount. P
deficiency in rice would reduce the number of tillers and
grain production. There are numerous publications on
exploration of genes that are associated with P. Many
researches on P that are directed to breeding program and
involving many countries/institutions focus on Pup1
research. Pup1 (P uptake 1) is associated with P uptake has
been well mapped on chromosome 12 at a distance of 15.31
to 15.47 Mb and microsatellite markers between RM28073
and RM28102 can be used as a selection tool in the MAB
(Marker Assisted Backrossing) program. Indonesia is very
concerned with this research because of P-deficient
problem. This review aims to provide current information of
research that explore the genes in Pup1 locus. This review
outlines the history of Pup1 mapping, to explain sequence
and expression analysis of Pup1, and to inform of Pup1
specific primers. The latest information is expected to be
useful for rice breeders in Indonesia, especially for those
who are interested to P deficiency research. Study of genes
within Pup1 locus is still ongoing, and found that some
genes do not contribute directly to P uptake. This may
indicate that Pup1 locus use other mechanisms in the P
uptake. This may indicate that some genes (dirigent-like,
fatty acid α-dioxygenase, aspartic proteinases) play a role in
the increasing level of lignin in P deficient condition.
Increasing level of lignin would increase the volume of roots
and thus increasing P uptake and resistance to biotic and
abiotic stresses. Specific markers to detect the genes in the
Pup1 locus have been successfully developed, and can be
used for breeding and exploration activities on Indonesian
rice germplasm.
Seleksi dan Konfirmasi Alel Gen-gen Hd pada Padi Berumur Genjah dan Produktivitas Tinggi Persilangan Code x Nipponbare
Authors: Dadang Ahmad , Tasliah Tasliah , Prasetiyono Joko
Published: February 2017

To support the IP 300 program rice varieties
with both early maturity and high productivity are needed.
The objective of the research was to improve those traits in
Code variety using RIL (recombinant inbreed line) methods.
The research was conducted in the year 2009-2011 at the
greenhouse and laboratory of Molecular Biology, Indonesian
Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic
Resources Research and Development. Materials consisted
of 600 individuals of F2 derived from one of F1 Code x
Nipponbare crossed plants and they were planted up to F4
with seed-to-seed, then confirmed by 8 microsatelite
markers linked to loci of Hd genes. The molecular analysis
showed that 84 of 600 F2 plants produced. The F4 plants have
50% of flowering time shorter than F2 and F3 plants. Two
lines (CdNb_388 and CdNb_270) have higher productivity
compared to Code by the number of productive tillers (20)
and the number of tiller grains (2240 and 1740) and have
closely 50% of 60 days flowering time of Nipponbare. Three
lines of F4 plants (CdNb_270, 364, and 388) were predicted
to have allele of Hd7 gene, and CdNb_472 was predicted to
have alelle of Hd14 gene.
Gen dan QTL Pengendali Umur pada Kedelai
Authors: Tasma I Made
Published: February 2017

Traits that control time of flowering and
maturity in soybean determine harvesting time of a soybean
cultivar. In Indonesia, early maturing soybean cultivars are
important at short period growing seasons due to the water
shortage in dry planting season. Shorter period of growing
season would increase the crop harvest index. Genetic
diversity of the present soybean germplasm collection is
low. Diversity improvement through introduction from
countries with four seasons faced difficulty due to
differences in growth adaptability. Technology for developing
germplasm with a broader adaptation will facilitate
germplasm movement from a more diverse environmental
growth. The objective of this review was to describe how
the time of flowering and maturity are controlled in soybean.
The review is supported by flowering time mechanism of
the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as the genetics of
flowering time has been intensively studied in this model
plant. Transition from vegetative to reproductive development
is the outcome of the activation of genes responsible
for floral organ formation. Initial activation is generally the
result of environmental cues indicating the appropriate time
to flower. Studies from Arabidopsis showed that transition
from vegetative to reproductive stage is complex involving
many genes and several genetic pathways. In soybean, time
of flowering and maturity are controlled by at least nine
genes, E1 to E8 and Dt1. The genes interact with daylength
and temperature. Major and minor QTLs controlling the
traits were identified using various mapping populations.
The major QTLs were detected at various populations with
diverse genetic backgrounds tested at diverse environmenttal
conditions. Some of the QTLs were associated with the E
genes and some others were not. Several Arabidopsis
flowering gene homologous sequences were also mapped
on the soybean genome. The E gene markers and the QTLs
with large effect for reproductive traits are breeder targets
for breeding and development of soybean photoperiod
insensitive germplasm. Genes for flowering time isolated
from Arabidopsis can be used to develop transgenic
soybean with broader adaptation. Technology for development
of soybean germplasm with broader adaptation will
facilitate the soybean germplasm movement from diverse
environmental growth conditions to support systematic and
sustainable national soybean breeding programs.
KENYA PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PREPARATION IN ICT TEACHING: TEACHER BELIEFS, ATTITUDES, SELF-EFFICACY, COMPUTER COMPETENCE, AND AGE
Authors: Wambiri Gladwell Njeri , Ndani Mary Nyokabi
Published: February 2017

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has become globally recognized as an effective medium for learning. The Kenyan government made a commitment to provide computers for use in teaching in primary schools. This is expected to enable teachers to integrate ICT in their teaching beginning in primary standard one. Teachers will directly implement the ICT project at the classroom level, so are very crucial players to its effectiveness. This article discusses the preparedness of lower primary school teachers for this implementation process regarding their beliefs and attitudes, computer competence, and computer self-efficacy. The authors argue that the provision of computers and other infrastructure in schools may not automatically lead to integration of ICT in schools unless the government addresses teachers’ beliefs and attitudes, computer competence and their self-efficacy.  The authors recommend revision of the primary teacher education preparation syllabus and training practice for pre-service teachers in ICT pedagogy to enhance their preparation to integrate ICT in their teaching in primary school.
Plant Colorants Interfere with Reflectance‐Based Vegetation Indices
Authors: Obear Glen R. , Kreuser William C. , Hubbard Ken , DeBels Brad , Soldat Douglas J.
Published: February 2017

Reflectance‐based vegetation indices are commonly used to quantify turfgrass color, estimate chlorophyll content, and make inferences about plant health. These methods are often substituted for visual color ratings, as they are well correlated but more objective. This study examines the utility of reflectance‐based vegetation indices for evaluating turfgrass treated with iron or plant colorants. In a study in Madison, WI, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) was treated with ammonium sulfate (2.4 or 9.8 kg nitrogen [N] ha−1), Turf Screen (untreated or 4.0 L ha−1), or ferrous sulfate (untreated or 12.2 kg Fe ha−1). Visual color ratings, chlorophyll index (CI), normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference red edge, red, and near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance were able to detect differences in N rate. When colorant or iron was applied, however, reflectance methods could no longer detect these differences in N rate. In a study in Ithaca, NY, the application of four colorants increased visual color ratings. The pigments Harmonizer and Foursome also increased CI, whereas Turf Screen and Green Lawnger did not. Three of the four pigments decreased the chlorophyll content in leaf tissue from 1 July to 22 August, despite having greater or equal CI values. Spectral analysis of six colorants revealed that these products reflect light in the red and NIR regions and likely interfere with reflectance‐based vegetation indices, which measure leaf reflectance in these same regions of the spectrum. Overall, these findings suggest that reflectance‐based vegetation indices should not be used to make inferences about plant health in studies where a colorant or iron is applied.
Investigating Selection of Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide‐Insensitive Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Isolates by Boscalid, Flurprimidol, and Paclobutrazol
Authors: Allan‐Perkins Elisha , Campbell‐Nelson Katie , Popko James T. , Sang Hyunkyu , Jung Geunhwa
Published: February 2017

Dollar spot, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett, is the most economically important disease of golf course turfgrass in the northern United States. Fungicide resistance, especially to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, is common for S. homoeocarpa. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly applied on golf courses and have a similar chemistry to DMIs. Previous research has suggested multiple resistance among the PGRs flurprimidol and paclobutrazol, the succinase dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide boscalid, and the DMI propiconazole, with evidence for the involvement of the multidrug efflux transporter gene, ShPDR1. The objective of this research was to investigate if flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, and boscalid select for DMI insensitivity in the field. We tested eight treatments: flurprimidol alone, tank‐mixed with propiconazole, and rotated with propiconazole; paclobutrazol alone, tank‐mixed with propiconazole, and rotated with propiconazole; propiconazole alone; and boscalid alone. S. homoeocarpa was isolated from infected turfgrass three times per year in 2010 and 2011 following treatment applications. A significant shift in DMI insensitivity was observed from the initial sampling in 2010 to the final sampling in 2011 for all treatments, except the PGRs alone and the untreated control. Both PGRs induced overexpression of ShPDR1, and we confirmed the functional involvement of ShPDR1 in reducing S. homoeocarpa sensitivity to PGRs using the ShPDR1 overexpressing yeast mutant. These results have important implications for managing DMI resistance, further investigating the fungistatic activity of PGRs, and developing new fungicides for S. homoeocarpa.
Biological N2 Fixation, Belowground Responses, and Forage Potential of Rhizoma Peanut Cultivars
Authors: Dubeux José C.B. , Blount Ann R.S. , Mackowiak Cheryl , Santos Erick R.S. , Pereira Neto José D. , Riveros Ulises , Garcia Liza , Jaramillo David M. , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin
Published: February 2017

Grasslands in warm‐climate regions are often based on grass monocultures, increasing their dependence on N fertilizers. Integrating perennial legumes into grass pastures is a logical option. The objective of this 2‐yr study was to assess seven rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth) cultivars: Arbrook, Arblick, Ecoturf, Florigraze, Latitude 34, UF Peace, and UF Tito. Above‐ and belowground responses included biomass, in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD), N concentration, N content, δ15N, proportion of N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa), and biological N2 fixation (BNF). Arbrook was more productive than Florigraze in both years (P ≤ 0.05) but produced similar biomass to other varieties in 2014. In 2015, Arbrook also was more productive than Arblick and Latitude 34. Herbage N concentration ranged from 19.2 to 36.3 g kg−1. Arbrook tended to be less digestible than other rhizoma peanut cultivars. The BNF represented >80% of herbage N and averaged 200 kg N ha−1 yr−1, with values ranging from 123 to 280 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Root and rhizome biomass varied among cultivars, with Ecoturf (26.9 Mg organic matter [OM] ha−1) and Latitude 34 (27.8 Mg OM ha−1) presenting greater root and rhizome mass than Florigraze (10.5 Mg OM ha−1) but similar to other varieties. Roots and rhizomes represented a significant portion of the total biomass and N pool, and further studies are needed to assess turnover of these tissues as well as their N contribution in grazing systems using grass–rhizoma peanut mixtures.
An Alternative Method to Produce Shikimic Acid Chemical Feedstock by Applying Glyphosate to Forage Crops
Authors: Hobbie Kevin A. , Rooney Nathan , Scott Richard P. , Anderson Kim A.
Published: February 2017

Shikimic acid is the critical precursor to manufacture the antiviral drug Oseltamivir phosphate, also known as Tamiflu. Current sources of shikimic acid feedstock have been strained during pandemic influenza outbreaks. This article proposes an alternative process to produce shikimic acid feedstock through the bioenhancement of graminoid crops using glyphosate. To demonstrate, a Gulf cultivar of Italian annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was grown in controlled greenhouse conditions and Yamhill winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown in a field trial. Plants were treated with a range of glyphosate doses and harvested between 48 and 298 h following application. Samples were dried, extracted, and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Shikimic acid levels increased up to four‐fold in glyphosate‐treated Gulf annual ryegrass, a plant with high native shikimic acid. Concentrations of shikimic acid in Yamhill winter wheat, a plant low in native shikimic acid, increased from below method detection limits (<19 mg kg−1) in the control groups to >2000 mg kg−1 in treatment groups harvested after 169 h post application. Estimated biomass accumulation of shikimic acid were projected using concentrations observed in these trials for annual ryegrass, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and winter wheat based on published biomass yields resulted in 21.1 to 299 kg of potential shikimic acid production per hectare, which meet or exceed current feedstocks. This study provides evidence that glyphosate can be used to bioenhance graminoid forage crops to produce elevated shikimic acid levels throughout the entire plant biomass, resulting in a substantially greater yield of shikimic acid than current botanical sources on a per‐hectare basis.
Rendering fecal waste safe for reuse via a cost-effective solar concentrator
Authors: Foote Andrew M. , Woods Emily , Fredes Fernando , Leon Juan S.
Published: February 2017

The goal of this work was to design a cost-effective solar-thermal waste treatment unit and evaluate its ability to render fecal waste safe for reuse. Three trials were conducted from December 2011 through February 2012 in FAVET-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. The first two trials evaluated helminth viability daily. To calculate the inactivation rate for the solar concentrator unit, the third trial evaluated helminth viability hourly. The solar concentrator met cost requirements of less than US$0.002 per user per day to manufacture. In all three trials, temperatures of treated waste fluctuated from 15°C to 95°C and surpassed temperatures that previous literature has shown to promote pathogen inactivation. There was at least a 2.96 log10 reduction of viable helminth eggs after 1 day in the solar concentrator for all three trials. In the third trial, the inactivation rate ranged from 3 to 6.5 log10/hour−1 with a corresponding t99 of 0.71–1.55 hours. These results suggest that a solar concentrating unit can meet the need of cost-effectively rendering human feces safe for reuse – helping to prevent diarrheal diseases, and ultimately, saving lives.
Evaluation of statistical distributions to analyze the pollution of Cd and Pb in urban runoff
Authors: Toranjian Amin , Marofi Safar
Published: February 2017

Heavy metal pollution in urban runoff causes severe environmental damage. Identification of these pollutants and their statistical analysis is necessary to provide management guidelines. In this study, 45 continuous probability distribution functions were selected to fit the Cd and Pb data in the runoff events of an urban area during October 2014–May 2015. The sampling was conducted from the outlet of the city basin during seven precipitation events. For evaluation and ranking of the functions, we used the goodness of fit Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Anderson–Darling tests. The results of Cd analysis showed that Hyperbolic Secant, Wakeby and Log-Pearson 3 are suitable for frequency analysis of the event mean concentration (EMC), the instantaneous concentration series (ICS) and instantaneous concentration of each event (ICEE), respectively. In addition, the LP3, Wakeby and Generalized Extreme Value functions were chosen for the EMC, ICS and ICEE related to Pb contamination.
METODY PSYCHOLOGII DZIECKA I ICH PRAKTYCZNE ZASTOSOWANIA W ODRODZONEJ POLSCE W UJĘCIU ANIELI SZYCÓWNY
Authors: IZDEBSKI PAWEŁ
Published: February 2017

Celem tego krótkiego artykułu jest przedstawienie twórczości Anieli Szycówny, wybitnej badaczki psychiki dziecięcej. Zostaną w nim opisane wykorzystywane przez nią metody psychologii dziecka oraz ich praktyczne zastosowania. Szycówna należy do pionierów polskiej psychologii rozwojowej i pedagogiki empirycznej, opartej na badaniach rozwoju dziecka. Jej zainteresowanie problematyką rozwoju dziecka i wychowania oraz pracą nauczyciela zaowocowało znaczącym dorobkiem, wpływającym na sposób myślenia całego pokolenia nauczycieli pracujących w odrodzonej Polsce.
POGLĄDY WILHELMA WUNDTA NA TEMAT I WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ
Authors: ZEIDLER WŁODZISŁAW
Published: February 2017

Wilhelm Wundt należał do tych uczonych oraz intelektualistów, którzy na temat I wojny światowej posiadali własne poglądy już wówczas, kiedy ta dopiero się zaczynała. W niniejszym artykule chcę odpowiedzieć na dwa pytania. Najpierw na to, które dotyczy osobliwości stanowiska Wundta, a następnie na to, które dotyczy wewnętrznej zgodności jego poglądów, to znaczy z jednej strony poglądów na temat wojny, a z drugiej – jego wcześniejszych, oryginalnych poglądów w zakresie filozofii i psychologii (np. etyka lub Völkerpsychologie). Stanowisko Wilhelma Wundta w odniesieniu do wojny – w odróżnieniu od opracowań wcześniejszych – scharakteryzuję na podstawie trzech jego prac: Über den wahrhaften Krieg (1914), Die Nationen und ihre Philosophie (1915) oraz Zur Lage (1916, odpowiedź dla „Polnische Blätter”). Wykorzystanie tego trzeciego źródła, przez wiele dziesięcioleci pomijanego przez historyków psychologii (zarówno w Polsce, jak również w innych krajach) wyznacza specyfikę poniższego opracowania.
Avaliação da Abordagem Fisioterapêutica no Tratamento de Paciente Pediátrico Portador de Mielomeningocele
Authors: Santos Fabiana Azevedo
Published: February 2017

Mielomeningocele é uma anomalia congênita complexa da coluna que causa vários graus de malformação da coluna espinal, ou mielodisplasia. É comumente referida como espinha bífida e é classificada como um defeito do tubo neural. Pacientes com essa desordem apresentam-se com um espectro de imperfeições, mas os déficit funcionais primários são a paralisia da coluna lombar e a perda sensorial, disfunção da bexiga e do intestino, e a disfunção cognitiva. Problemas médico-cirúrgicos e de reabilitação surgem no paciente com mielomeningocele desde o nascimento até a idade adulta. Esse trabalho apresentará a avaliação da terapia física adaptada no tratamento de pacientes pediátricos que possuam mielomelingocele.
Migrânea com Aura, Qualidade de Vida e Tratamento: um relato de caso
Authors: Martins Letícia N. , Oliveira Oscar W. B. , Dutra Luan Q. , De Rezende Achiles Q. M. , Dantas Eliene F. , Pereira Ana B. C.N.G.
Published: February 2017

A migrânea é uma cefaleia primária de etiologia multifatorial que acomete cerca de 15% da população. Afeta mais as mulheres do que os homens e gera um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida. A crise de cefaléia migranosa apresenta quatro fases: prodrômica, de aura, cefaléia e fase de recuperação. Um plano terapêutico para migrânea inclui tratamento agudo da crise para melhora da dor e do prejuízo funcional, e a terapia profilática de longo prazo para diminuir a frequência, a intensidade e a duração das crises. No presente trabalho, os autores correlacionaram o relato de caso de uma paciente do Hospital Universitário Sul Fluminense com a literatura atual.
Avaliação da Prevalência de Nefropatia pelo Uso de Contraste Iodado em Pacientes Diabéticos no Serviço de Hemodinâmica do Hospital Universitário Sul Fluminense (Husf), de Vassouras-Rj
Authors: Oliveira Mariane De Moura , Pássaro Fábio Cavalheira , De Oliveira Marcelo Augusto Paiva Rio , Da Costa Marcio José Montenegro , Faviere Wiliam
Published: February 2017

A nefropatia por contraste iodado (NCI) consiste numa complicação importante e freqüente nos centros de hemodinâmica. Objetivo: Definir a prevalência de NCI nos pacientes diabéticos que passaram por procedimentos que utilizaram contraste iodado no laboratório de Hemodinâmica do HUSF, no período de Junho a Agosto, de 2009. Metodologia: Preenchimento de ficha de identificação dos pacientes admitidos no setor, coleta de amostra sanguínea para detecção de glicemia e creatinina sérica, e aferição da pressão arterial. Resultados: Durante o período pesquisado, foram estudados 245 pacientes com idade entre 33 a 90 anos. Dos 150 indivíduos que foram acompanhados, sendo que 35 pacientes desenvolveram NCI (27%). Evidenciou-se 38 eram portadores de DM (29,23%), e destes, 8 indivíduos (21,05%) desenvolveram NCI. Conclusão: Como visto nos resultados expostos, 21,05% dos pacientes diabéticos desenvolveram NCI, configurando incidência média 11 vezes maior quando comparado à população geral.
Artéria Obturatória: Variabilidade Anatômica e Morfometria de sua Origem à Bifurcação da Artéria Ilíaca Comum
Authors: Heins Felipe Francisco , Silva João Marcus Lopes , Nakashima Priscila Suemi Pereira , Felippe Marcelo Medeiros , Bobato Thiago Cassi , Ducatti Ivan Moreno Ferreira , Aguiar Marcolino Souza , Chaves Júnior Nilson Chaves
Published: February 2017

A artéria obturatória (AO) possui um percurso ântero-inferior pela parede lateral da pelve, é cruzada pelo ureter e atravessa o canal obturatório. Ela é responsável pela nutrição dos músculos mediais da coxa e acetábulo (Moore, Keith / Dalley 2007). Devido à grande variabilidade anatômica, uma das complicações nas cirurgias de reparo de hérnia inguinal é a lesão inadvertida da AO2. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar a variação anatômica da origem da AO e medir a amplitude do comprimento entre a bifurcação da artéria ilíaca comum (AIC) até sua origem. Neste estudo foram utilizadas 56 hemipelves, sendo 9 femininas e 47 masculinas. A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa Biostat 5 e os dados foram expressos em média ± erro padrão. Foi observado que 66,1% (n=37) tiveram sua origem na artéria ilíaca interna, 7,1% (n=4) originaram-se da artéria ilíaca externa, 3,6% (n=2) da artéria glútea superior, 1,8% (n=1) da artéria vesical superior e 19,6% (n=11) da artéria epigástrica inferior. Verificou-se que a amplitude do comprimento foi 10,9 cm, com média de 4,8 cm ± 0,34 cm. Os resultados demonstram uma alta variabilidade anatômica da AO e também grande inconstância na amplitude do comprimento com relação à medida entre a sua origem e a bifurcação da AIC.
A Importância do Ginecologista na Prevenção do Câncer de Mama
Authors: Dias Lívia Zancanella , Neves Lucas Vinícius Silva , Dias Daniel De Araújo , Erthal Henrique , Paulino Carlos Eduardo Cimatti , Miranda Moura Carla Vanúzia Braga
Published: February 2017

O câncer de mama é a principal neoplasia maligna que acomete o sexo feminino no Brasil. O Profissional ginecologista é aquele que mais comumente está em contato com pacientes que possam vir a apresentar fatores de risco para o câncer de mama, e sua participação é imprescindível tanto na orientação quanto na prevenção dessa patologia. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a frequência do conhecimento e da realização do AEM, bem como ressaltar a importância da consulta ginecológica para e redução da incidência do câncer de mama.
O Enfrentamento dos Acadêmicos de Medicina da Universidade Severino Sombra Frente ao Processo Morte-Morrer
Authors: Côrtes Jr João Carlos De Souza , Rosa Diego Santa , Lopes Tiago Souza , De Resende Côrtes Paula Pitta
Published: February 2017

Em relação ao processo morte-morrer, cada sociedade tem sua própria cultura, hábitos, crenças e valores, que aproxima ou a diferencia de outras, oferecendo aos indivíduos uma orientação de como devem se comportar e o que devem ou não fazer diante deste fato. Os profissionais de saúde são os que mais lutam contra a morte, mas sua formação e sua carreira são marcadas pelo afastamento dela. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: reconhecer se os acadêmicos do último período do curso de Medicina da Universidade Severino Sombra se sentem preparados para o enfrentamento do processo morte-morrer em sua prática formativa e conhecer como estes percebem que a graduação os preparou para este enfrentamento. É um estudo de natureza qualitativa, realizado através de 20 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com acadêmicos de Medicina do 12o período. Os resultados apontam que, apesar da maioria dos acadêmicos se julgarem preparados para lidar com o processo morte-morrer, não foi observada, durante a graduação em Medicina, fundamentação teórico-prática adequada para este preparo. Concluímos que o preparo para o enfrentamento do processo morte-morrer dos acadêmicos de Medicina não ocorreu de forma adequada e o que ocorre não é o enfrentamento, mas sim a fuga através da criação de uma armadura protetora em que o acadêmico sente a necessidade de se transformar em uma pessoa fria, com poucos sentimentos.
Capacitação para os Atendimentos do Conselho Tutelar de Vassouras/RJ
Authors: Risman Arnaldo , Vieira Gabriela Medeiros , Motta Franciane Cesar , De Oliveira Geovana Rodrigues , De Souza Lívia Azevedo
Published: February 2017

Os crimes sexuais envolvendo crianças e adolescentes são comuns na atualidade. Contudo, são muitas vezes subnotificados, ou tratados inadequadamente pela ausência de habilidades dos agentes do Conselho tutelar em lidar com este tipo1 de comportamento. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever um curso de capacitação de um grupo de funcionários do Conselho Tutelar da cidade de Vassouras-RJ, quanto aos atendimentos e abordagens feitas com crianças e/ou adolescentes, que sofreram algum dano físico ou psicológico no campo da pedofilia. Método: A partir de aula expositiva e construção de material didático, elaborado a partir de artigos dos bancos de dados Scielo, Medline e Google, estagiários e professores fizeram treinamento com 10 membros do conselho tutelar no período de 22 a 24 de março de 2010. Chega-se à conclusão que desenvolver habilidades do entrevistador, na identificação e condução psicológica e jurídica dos casos, melhora não apenas a qualidade do atendimento, assim como fornece informações precisas aos órgãos competentes.
CRISE TIREOTÓXICA: RELATO DE CASO E REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: De Alencar Jairo Maropo , De Souza Carlos Henrique Câmara , Fonseca Camilla Menezes , Florêncio Geyson Santos , Vogas Karen Batista , Ellinger Vivian
Published: February 2017

A crise tireotóxica é uma manifestação clínica aguda decorrente de exacerbação da atividade tireoideana em pacientes acometidos por hipertireoidismo. É uma desordem rara, secundária à tireotoxicose, que acomete mais comumente adultos. O artigo faz um relato de caso de uma paciente acometida por crise tireotóxica que só obteve o diagnóstico de hiperfunção tireoidiana após o quadro de descompensação. Salientamos a necessidade de medidas emergenciais, como o diagnóstico oportuno ea instituição precoce de drogas, que sejam capazes de reduzir os níveis hormonais tireoidianos e compensá-la hemodinamicamente, de tal forma que possamos evitar um desfecho trágico para o evento, além disso, essa descrição visa reforçar os dados epidemiológicos locais quanto a essa situação clínica, uma vez que esse é o 1º caso de crise tireotóxica relatado no Hospital Universitário Sul Fluminense.
Influência da administração do promater® sobre a produção de embriões e perfil hematológico de doadoras de embriões equinos
Authors: Gomes Gustavo Mendes , Ramos Daniele Da Silva , Jacob Júlio Cesar Jacob Ferraz , Crespilho André Maciel , Cortes Paula Pitta , Gomes Letícia Patrão de Macedo , Cardoso Carlos Eduardo
Published: February 2017

Nutrição inadequada e a idade das doadoras de embriões são fatores que levam ao declínio na eficiência reprodutiva dosanimais, sendo um dos fatores responsáveis em interferir de forma negativa dentro de um programa de transferênciade embriões. O Promater® é um suplemento reprodutivo composto por vitaminas, minerais, aminoácidos, B-caroteno,L-carnitina e omegas 3, 6 e 9. Este produto é indicado para equinos em fase de reprodução com o intuito de obter melhoresresultados no desempenho reprodutivo. O objetivo do estudo é comparar o número de embriões coletados e confirmadosantes e depois do uso do suplemento em éguas doadoras para investigar se há influencia ou não do produto na eficiênciareprodutiva de éguas doadoras utilizadas em um programa de transferência de embriões equino. Além disso, avaliou-se operfil hematológico das doadoras antes e depois da inserção do suplemento na alimentação desses animais para saber se haviaalguma influência do Promater®.Foram utilizadas 5 éguas doadoras da raça Mangalarga Marchador com idade média de 20anos. As éguas foram suplementadas diariamente com 25 g do produto por um período de 84 dias. Os índices de recuperaçãoembrionária foram de 50% (10/20) e 52,6% (10/19), antes e após o tratamento com Promater®, respectivamente. As taxasde embriões confirmados foram de 80% (8/10) e 100% (10/10), antes e após o uso do suplemento. No entanto, não houvediferença significativa entre as taxas de recuperação e confirmação embrionária antes e após o uso do nutraceutico. Osresultados deste experimento demonstraram ser possível ter bons resultados com doadoras com mais de 20 anos e que paraisso são necessários cuidados como um ótimo manejo nutricional e sanitário, além de um controle folicular eficiente. Umnovo estudo, com um maior número de doadoras, se faz necessário para evidenciar esta melhora da eficiência reprodutiva.
Microrganismos isolados de infecção do trato urinário da comunidade
Authors: D’Addazio Lívia Barbosa , Moraes Saulo Roni
Published: February 2017

Infecção do trato urinário (ITU) caracteriza-se pela presença de microrganismos que se multiplicam nas vias urinárias constituídas pelos rins, ureteres, bexiga e uretra. Estabelecer um perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana para as cepas de E.coli isoladas de pacientes com infecção do trato urinário atendidos no ambulatório/emergência do Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão (HFAG). Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, de caráter quantitativo, descritivo e transversal baseado na análise dos resultados de exames de cultura qualitativa de urina de pacientes atendidos na emergência e nos ambulatórios do Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão (HFAG) no Rio de Janeiro/RJ durante o período de julho a novembro de 2012. Foram analisadas 283 amostras de urina sendo 280 (99%) positivas e 3 (1%) negativas, das culturas positivas, cinco espécies bacterianas foram as mais freqüentemente isoladas: Escherichia coli (54.1%), Proteus mirabilis (6.34%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.85%), Klebsiella ssp. (8.58%) e Citrobacter koseri (2.24%). A maior susceptibilidade encontrada foi em Nitrofurantoína, Gentamicina, Levofloxacina e Ciprofloxacina. É necessário incentivar os laboratórios a realizarem um registro bacteriológico, bem como seu perfil de susceptibilidade, com o objetivo de controlar o nível de resistência bacteriana.
Avaliação de diferentes técnicas de coloração para esfregaços obtidos por punção biópsia aspirativa testicular de bovinos
Authors: Bastos Yolanda Henrichs Garcia Bandeira , Ferreira Cristiano Silva , Gomes Gustavo Mendes , Júnior Kleber Da Cunha Peixoto , Gomes Letícia Patrão de Macedo , Papa Frederico Ozanam , Crespilho André Maciel
Published: February 2017

Os corantes Panótico Rápido e Giemsa são frequentemente utilizados para a avaliação de células de linhagem espermatogênica, porém nenhuma destas colorações foi desenvolvida especificamente para o processamento tintorial desse tipo celular. Como até presente não existe consenso na literatura sobre qual das técnicas de coloração permite a melhor visualização das células germinativas testiculares, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a melhor coloração para esfregaços obtidos por punção biópsia aspirativa testicular (PBA) de bovinos. Foram selecionados 25 machos bovinos adultos, que sofreram PBAs em ambos os testículos (n=50 punções biópsia aspirativas, perfazendo um total de 100 esfregaços testiculares). O conteúdo de cada PBA foi utilizado para a confecção de no mínimo 2 esfregaços em lâminas foscas de vidro que posteriormente foram corados utilizando dois métodos distintos: Panótico Rápido (G1, n=50 esfregaços) ou Giemsa (G2, n=50). Para avaliação da qualidade dos esfregaços as células da linhagem espermatogênica foram contabilizadas e comparadas entre os dois grupos experimentais. A facilidade e nitidez de visualização proporcionada por cada uma das técnicas foi comparada atribuindo-se uma nota de 1 a 3 (1: ruim; 2: regular; 3: boa). A coloração Panótico Rápido permitiu a identificação de maior quantidade de espermatócitos secundários (p=0,0042) e células inflamatórias (p=0,0318), apresentando ainda efeito significativo sobre a qualidade de leitura dos esfregaços (p=0,0087). Embora ambas as colorações permitam a identificação e visualização das estruturas da linhagem espermatogênica, o Panótico Rápido permitiu melhor visualização e avaliação das células testiculares.