bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Drug Interactions in Patients with HIV
Authors: Tseng Alice Lin-In , Foisy Michelle M
Published: May 2017

Objective

To provide a compilation of relevant information on drug interactions to assist healthcare practitioners in managing complex HIV-related pharmacotherapy.

Data Sources

Information was retrieved via a MEDLINE search (January 1966–December 1996) using MeSH headings “human immunodeficiency virus,” “drug interactions,” and names of medications commonly prescribed for the management of HIV infection and related opportunistic infections. Abstracts of international and national conferences, review articles, textbooks, and references of all articles were also searched.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

All literature on pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions was considered for inclusion. Pertinent information, as assessed by the authors, was selected and summarized for discussion.

Data Synthesis

Drug disposition and/or pharmacologic effect may be affected either by HIV-related physiologic changes or by the presence of concomitant drug therapy. Modifications in drug selection, dosage, dosing regimen, or route of administration may be needed to avoid or manage drug–disease, drug–drug, or drug-food interactions. Management options may depend on the mechanism and the clinical significance of the interaction, the availability of therapeutic alternatives, patient convenience, and cost restrictions. In the absence of specific data, consideration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics to assist practitioners in predicting the likelihood of possible interactions was included.

Results

A comprehensive table of clinically significant drug interactions is provided. Drug interaction principles and practical management strategies are also discussed.

Conclusions

The potential for drug interactions is extremely common, given the increasing complexity of managing patients infected with HIV. To avoid compromising therapeutic efficacy or increasing drug toxicity, practitioners need to be aware of potential interactions and are encouraged to use a systematic approach when managing patient drug therapy.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear-Encoded RNA Maturases
Authors: Malik Sunita , Upadhyaya KC , Khurana SM Paul
Published: May 2017

Posttranscriptional processes, such as splicing, play a crucial role in gene expression and are prevalent not only in nuclear genes but also in plant mitochondria where splicing of group II introns is catalyzed by a class of proteins termed maturases. In plant mitochondria, there are 22 mitochondrial group II introns. matR, nMAT1, nMAT2, nMAT3, and nMAT4 proteins have been shown to be required for efficient splicing of several group II introns in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nuclear maturases (nMATs) are necessary for splicing of mitochondrial genes, leading to normal oxidative phosphorylation. Sequence analysis through phylogenetic tree (including bootstrapping) revealed high homology with maturase sequences of A thaliana and other plants. This study shows the phylogenetic relationship of nMAT proteins between A thaliana and other nonredundant plant species taken from BLASTP analysis.
Analysis of Fascin-1 in Relation to Gleason Risk Classification and Nuclear ETS-Related Gene Status of Human Prostate Carcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Study of Clinically Annotated Tumours From the Wales Cancer Bank
Authors: Jefferies Matthew T , Pope Christopher S , Kynaston Howard G , Clarke Alan R , Martin Richard M , Adams Josephine C
Published: May 2017

Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing can identify early-stage prostate cancers, additional biomarkers are needed for risk stratification. In one study, high levels of the actin-bundling protein, fascin-1, were correlated with lethal-phase, hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Analyses of independent samples are needed to establish the value of fascin-1 as a possible biomarker. We examined fascin-1 by immunohistochemistry in tumour specimens from the Wales Cancer Bank in comparison with nuclear-located ETS-related gene (ERG), an emerging marker for aggressive prostate cancer. Fascin-1 was elevated in focal areas of a minority of tumours, yet fascin-1-positivity did not differentiate tumours of low-, intermediate-, or high-risk Gleason scores and did not correlate with PSA status or biochemical relapse after surgery. Stromal fascin-1 correlated with high Gleason score. Nuclear ERG was upregulated in tumours but not in stroma. The complexities of fascin-1 status indicate that fascin-1 is unlikely to provide a suitable biomarker for prediction of aggressive prostate cancers.
Vulnerable Habitats Alter African Meliponine Bee’s (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Assemblages in an Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Bobadoye Bridget O , Ndegwa Paul N , Irungu Lucy , Fombong Ayuka T
Published: May 2017

Habitat degradation has over time formed synergy with other factors to contribute to dwindling populations of both fauna and flora by altering their habitats. The disturbance of natural habitats affects the diversity of both vertebrates and invertebrates by altering both feeding and nesting sites for which organisms are known to depend on for survival. Little is known of the extent to which vulnerable habitats could shape the diversity of most indigent pollinators such as African meliponine bee species in tropical ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine how disturbance could shape the natural occurrence of African meliponine bee species in different ecological habitats of Taita Hills, leading to changes in their diversity. A total of four species depicted by the Renyi diversity profile was recorded in five of the six main habitat types surveyed, and a further extrapolation with Shannon index ( EH) also predicted the highest species richness of 4.24 in a deciduous habitat type. These meliponine bee species ( Hypotrigona gribodoi, Hypotrigona ruspolii, Meliponula ferruginea (black), and Plebeina hildebrandti) were observed to be unevenly distributed across all habitats, further indicating that mixed deciduous habitat was more diverse than acacia-dominated bush lands, grasslands, and exotic forest patches. Geometric morphometrics categorized all four meliponine bee species into two major clusters—cluster 1 ( H gribodoi, H ruspolii, M ferruginea (black)) and cluster 2 ( P hildebrandti)—and further discriminated populations against the 4 potential habitats they are likely to persist or survive in. Each habitat appeared to consist of a cluster of subpopulations and may possibly reveal ecotypes within the four meliponine populations. This has revealed that unprecedented conversions of natural habitats to agroecosystems are a key driving factor causing increased habitat isolation and vulnerability in this Afromontane region which may potentially distort local assemblages of native pollinators, such as meliponine bee species.
Design and operation of a new multifunctional wear apparatus for engine valve train components
Authors: Lai Fuqiang , Qu Shengguan , Yin Lianmin , Wang Guanghong , Yang Zhangxuan , Li Xiaoqiang
Published: May 2017

The increasingly strict emission regulations in combustion engines are raising high requirements for the engine valve train system. In this paper, a novel multifunctional wear apparatus is designed to study the performance of engine valve train components. The apparatus employs a mechanical loading system, which consists of a special eccentric wheel and disc springs that apply the combustion loads, and the contact configurations and loading conditions of valve train components are simulated. It has three test functions for different components through specifically designed fixtures. The first function aims to evaluate the interaction between the valve seating face and the seat insert at high temperatures and loads. The second function is used to study the friction and wear properties of the valve stem and the valve guide. The third function is designed to evaluate the performance of the valve seals. At last, a verification test was carried out by the proposed experimental method. A pair of new exhaust valve and seat insert is tested for the performance evaluation of the first function. The wear mechanisms acting on the pairs interface are shown to be a combination of oxidative wear, adhesive wear, as well as fatigue flaking.
Bias, misleading information and lack of respect for alternative views have distorted perceptions of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and its treatment
Authors: Goudsmit Ellen , Howes Sandra
Published: May 2017

The PACE trial is one of the most recent studies evaluating cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. These interventions are based on a model which assumes that symptoms are perpetuated by factors such as misguided beliefs and a lack of activity. Our analysis indicates that the researchers have shown significant bias in their accounts of the literature and may also have overstated the effectiveness of the above treatments. We submit that their approach to criticisms undermines the scientific process and is inconsistent with best practice.
Association between socio-demographic factors, coping style, illness perceptions and preference for disclosure/nondisclosure of diagnosis in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jie Bin , Feng Zheng-Zhi , Qiu Yan , Zhang Yan-qi
Published: May 2017

We explored the association between socio-demographic factors, coping style, illness perceptions and preferences for disclosure/nondisclosure of cancer diagnosis in 384 Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We found that (1) 69.3 percent of the patients preferred disclosure and (2) multivariate analysis showed that four variables were significantly positively associated with preference for disclosure, including active emotional-focused coping style, illness perceptions of personal control, chronic infection of hepatitis B virus, and educational level, whereas perceived emotional impact of illness and objective social support (mainly family support) were significantly associated with preference for nondisclosure. The findings provide useful information for understanding patients’ preferences for disclosure/nondisclosure of cancer diagnosis from a psychosocial perspective.
I Remember That From My Pins!: Using Pinterest to Encourage Active Learning
Authors: Joyce Amanda
Published: May 2017

Social media is integral to students’ lives. Pinterest, an online social network for “Pinning” (sharing) links and images, is the fastest-growing social media tool in history. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of a semester-long active-learning assignment using the Pinterest platform. Forty-nine students (42 female; 18 psychology majors) enrolled in a Lifespan Development course contributed data to this investigation. Students used Pinterest to apply their knowledge of developmental theory and research to two celebrities or fictional characters of their choice. At the end of the semester, students completed a short questionnaire in which they reported on their experiences with the project. Participants also consented to have their academic achievement data (course grades) analyzed in aggregate. Results indicate that students enjoy the Pinterest platform and that they perceive learning more from the assignment than from other assignments in this and other courses. However, some students reported struggling with practical concerns of the platform, including difficulty in adjusting to an unfamiliar platform. Results suggest that Pinterest can be used to encourage student learning but that instructors must take care to ensure that assignments in this medium are inclusive of a broad range of students.
The effect of technique on tackle gainline success outcomes in elite level rugby union
Authors: Tierney Gregory J , Denvir Karl , Farrell Garreth , Simms Ciaran K
Published: May 2017

Tackling is a major component of rugby union and effective attacking and defensive play are essential for game outcomes. In this study, a number of pre-contact, contact and post-contact tackle characteristics that had an influence on tackle gainline success for the ball carrier and tackler were identified using match video evidence from European Rugby Champions Cup games. A total of 122 front-on tackles and 111 side-on tackles were analysed. For each ball carrier and tackler characteristic, the Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated based on a gainline success outcome. A Chi-Square and Phi and Cramer’s V calculation was also conducted. A Chi-Square test then identified any statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for proficiency characteristics between playing position. For both the ball carrier and tackler, tackle characteristics that were indicative of strong and powerful tackle technique such as ‘explosiveness on contact’ and ‘leg drive on contact’ were effective for achieving the desired gainline outcome. Playing position had an influence on only two proficiency characteristics that were statistically significant for gainline success: ‘fending into contact’ for ball carriers and ‘straight back, centre of gravity forward of support base’ for tacklers.
Emerging media and press freedoms as determinants of nonviolent and violent political conflicts, 1990–2006
Authors: Groshek Jacob , Christensen Britt
Published: May 2017

Using aggregate-level data, this study compares instances of intrastate political conflict that occurred in both nonviolent and violent forms. Specifically, analyses presented in this study examine the relationships that exist between diffusion rates of emerging media and enhanced press freedoms in countries that experienced differing types of conflicts from 1990 through 2006. Through a series of analytic models, the results observed here indicate that higher levels of emerging media and press freedoms are better predictors of nonviolent—as opposed to violent—conflict. Findings from this study thus bridge an important gap in the literature between communication and political science research in establishing linkages between emerging media technologies and press freedoms and their interconnections with nonviolent and violent political conflict. Implications for related interdisciplinary fields are discussed.
Apprehending public relations as a promotional industry
Authors: Aronczyk Melissa , Edwards Lee , Kantola Anu
Published: May 2017

This special issue examines the growing social and political importance of promotional activities and public relations. For decades, promotional tools have been deployed to foster the aims of various societal agencies, be they corporations, political actors, public institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or citizen movements. In today’s turbulent political and media environments, promotional practices have become more inventive, coordinated and ubiquitous, crossing transnational borders and circulating across business, politics and social institutions. Public relations is an essential tool in the promotional mix and is increasingly a stand-alone strategy for organisations of all kinds to manage their visibility, legitimacy and relationships with stakeholders. However, its influence and power in the context of an increasingly promotional culture are under-researched. In this introduction, we set out the landscape of promotional culture in which public relations activity takes place and consider how existing research on promotional work may illuminate our knowledge of contemporary public relations work.
The Effect of Different Intensity Modalities of Resistance Training on Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Lamotte Michel , Niset Georges , Van De Borne Philippe
Published: May 2017

Background

Resistance training has been introduced in cardiac rehabilitation to give more benefit than traditional training. Haemodynamic evaluation of cardiac patients to resistance training has generally consisted of continuous HR monitoring and discontinuous blood pressure measurements.

Design and Methods

Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to resistance training were evaluated using continuous monitoring (Finapres) during low (four sets of 17 repetitions at 40% of the one-repetition maximum strength [1-RM]) and high intensity resistance training (four sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of 1-RM) on a leg extension machine in 14 patients who participated in a rehabilitation programme. Work volume was identical in the low- and high-level resistance training.

Results

The HR and systolic blood pressure (SBP) during low intensity resistance training were always larger than during high intensity (P<0.001). Peak SBP increased from set 1 to set 3 and 4 during both low and high intensity resistance training (P<0.05). Peak HR was larger in set 4 (95 ± 11 bpm) than in set 1 only during low intensity resistance training (91 ± 12 bpm) (P<0.05). One-minute recovery periods did not allow a return to baseline HR and SBP during both low and high intensity modalities.

Conclusions

The SBP and HR responses to resistance training are related to the duration of exercise. Sets with ≥ 10 repetitions of high intensity should be preferred to longer sets with low intensity. Pauses between exercise sets should exceed 1 min. Blood pressure should be measured during the last repetitions of the exercise set. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 12:12-17 © 2005 The European Society of Cardiology
Similar cardiometabolic effects of high- and moderate-intensity training among apparently healthy inactive adults: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Tordecilla-Sanders Alejandra , Téllez-T Luis Andrés , Camelo-Prieto Diana , Hernández-Quiñonez Paula Andrea , Correa-Bautista Jorge Enrique , Garcia-Hermoso Antonio , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Izquierdo Mikel
Published: May 2017

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, and exercise training is an important factor in the treatment and prevention of the clinical components of MetS.

Objective

The aim was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training and steady-state moderate-intensity training on clinical components of MetS in healthy physically inactive adults.

Methods

Twenty adults were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity continuous training [MCT group; 60–80% heart rate reserve (HRR)] or high-intensity interval training (HIT group; 4 × 4 min at 85–95% peak HRR interspersed with 4 min of active rest at 65% peak HRR). We used the revised International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS. A MetS Z-score was calculated for each individual and each component of the MetS.

Results

In intent-to-treat analyses, the changes in MetS Z-score were 1.546 (1.575) in the MCT group and −1.249 (1.629) in the HIT group (between-groups difference, P =  0.001). The average number of cardiometabolic risk factors changed in the MCT group (−0.133, P = 0.040) but not in the HIT group (0.018, P = 0.294), with no difference between groups (P = 0.277).

Conclusion

Among apparently healthy physically inactive adults, HIT and MCT offer similar cardiometabolic protection against single MetS risk factors but differ in their effect on average risk factors per subject.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02738385 registered on March 23, 2016
Spontaneous isolated dissection and atherosclerotic plaques of superior mesenteric artery: the vastly different occurrence site suggests the opposite haemodynamic aetiology
Authors: Min Zhi-gang , Shan Hai-rong , Xu Long , Yan Su , Sheng Xue-xia , Ji Jian , Cao Zhi-hong
Published: May 2017

Objective:

The development of atherosclerotic plaques and spontaneous isolated dissection (SID) of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was considered to be related to opposite haemodynamics. The purpose of this study was to compare their occurrence sites and the morphology of the SMA to confirm the haemodynamic aetiologies.

Methods:

57 patients with SID and 64 patients with atherosclerotic plaques were compared about patient characteristics, location of SID and plaque, the distance from lesion to the aortic ostia, SMA branching angle and inlet diameter of the SMA.

Results:

The location of SID and plaque was very different (p < 0.001). The anterior wall was the most common entry site of SIDSMA (84.0%) but the least frequent origin site of atherosclerotic plaques (7.8%). The posterior, left and right walls were the frequent origin sites of atherosclerotic plaques (total 92.2%) but not for SIDSMA. Most plaques started from the aortic ostia, and their average distance to the aortic ostia was significantly less than the distance from the entry site to the aortic ostia of SIDSMA (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between SIDSMA and the plaque groups in the branching angle and inlet diameter of the SMA.

Conclusion:

The vastly different sites of SIDSMA and atherosclerotic plaque indicate their opposite haemodynamic aetiology.

Advances in knowledge:

By comparing the location of the two diseases, we demonstrate their different haemodynamic causes.
ПАРАМЕТРЫ КЛЕТОЧНОГО ЗВЕНА ИММУНИТЕТА У БОЛЬНЫХ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ЖЕЛТУХОЙ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННОГО ГЕНЕЗА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ УРОВНЯ БИЛИРУБИНА
Authors: Smirnova Olga Valentinovna , Tsukanov Vladislav Vladimirovich , Titova Nadezhda Mitrofanovna , Gubanov Boris Gennadievich
Published: May 2017

Цель. Изучить особенности клеточного звена иммунитета у больных механической желтухой (МЖ) злокачественного генеза в зависимости от уровня билирубина.Материалы и методы. В группу изучения вошли 50 больных МЖ злокачественного генеза. Контрольная группа, состоящая из 125 практически здоровых добровольцев, была сопоставима по полу и возрасту с группой обследованных больных. При исследовании иммунного статуса использовался метод непрямой иммунофлуоресценции лимфоцитов с помощью моноклональных антител к CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD19+, CD25+, CD95+, HLA-DR+. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась с помощью пакетов прикладных программ Statistica for Windows 8.0 и Microsoft Excel, 2007 Критический уровень значимости при проверки статистических гипотез принимался равным р<0,05.Результаты. У больных МЖ злокачественного генеза имеются следующие особенности клеточного звена иммунитета: увеличены количество лейкоцитов, лейко-Т-клеточный, лейко-В-клеточный индексы, снижены число лимфоцитов, pan-маркеров Т-лимфоцитов, Т-хелперов, цитотоксических лимфоцитов, абсолютное количество NK-клеток, индексы HLA-DR+/CD19, CD4+/CD8+. При изучении особенностей иммунитета в зависимости от уровня билирубина выявлялись однонаправленные нарушения клеточного звена иммунитета.Заключение. У всех больных развивался вторичный Т-клеточный иммунодефицит, вероятно обусловленный сочетанным влиянием опухолевого, токсического и инфекционного факторов. Только у больных МЖ с уровнем билирубина более 200 мкмоль/л появляются дополнительные изменения в виде увеличения относительного количества В-лимфоцитов и снижение соотношения Т-хелперов к цитотоксическим лимфоцитам, за счет уменьшения первых.
Simplex Algorithm for Countable-State Discounted Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Lee Ilbin , Epelman Marina A. , Romeijn H. Edwin , Smith Robert L.
Published: May 2017

We consider discounted Markov decision processes (MDPs) with countably-infinite state spaces, finite action spaces, and unbounded rewards. Typical examples of such MDPs are inventory management and queueing control problems in which there is no specific limit on the size of inventory or queue. Existing solution methods obtain a sequence of policies that converges to optimality in value but may not improve monotonically, ie., a policy in the sequence may be worse than preceding policies. Our proposed approach considers countably-infinite linear programming (CILP) formulations of the MDPs (a CILP is defined as a linear program (LP) with countably-infinite numbers of variables and constraints). Under standard assumptions for analyzing MDPs with countably-infinite state spaces and unbounded rewards, we extend the major theoretical extreme point and duality results to the resulting CILPs. Under additional mild assumptions, which are satisfied by several applications of interest, we present a simplex-type algorithm that is implementable in the sense that each of its iterations requires only a finite amount of data and computation. We show that the algorithm finds a sequence of policies that improves monotonically and converges to optimality in value. Unlike existing simplex-type algorithms for CILPs, our proposed algorithm solves a class of CILPs in which each constraint may contain an infinite number of variables and each variable may appear in an infinite number of constraints. A numerical illustration for inventory management problems is also presented.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1598 .
The use of information and communication technologies in mental health nursing
Authors: Cherrill Lou , Linsley Paul
Published: May 2017

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are part of everyday nursing practice. They are routinely used to store patient data and provide the foundation by which teams and health professionals communicate (e.g. mental health nurses use email as part of their daily practice). This paper discusses the use of ICTs by mental health nurses and their impact on mental health nursing practice. While some benefits of ICTs—information management, access to health services, quality improvement and cost containment—are well documented, others have yet to be fully realised. The paper looks at the possible reasons for this and examines why mental health nurses should concern themselves with this technological revolution.
Gambling and its impact on family: A narrative review
Authors: Hussain Shaila , Muhammad Shahid
Published: May 2017

Gambling addiction is a primary chronic disease of brain reward, incentive, memory and interrelated circuitry. The perception of addiction has often been associated with substance abuse. This article aims to highlight some of the psychological, mental health and wellbeing impact gambling has on lifestyle and family. Almost 70% of the population in the UK participates in some form of gambling, and an estimated 250 000–310 000 people live with gambling issues. There are several factors that encourage an individual to gamble, including: stimulating the mind; escape; winning; reward; coping; excitement; prompting social interaction; exploration; financial gains; and boredom. The complexity of gambling behaviour can compromise wellbeing and lead to public health crises. Early intervention in treating gamblers can support the mental health and wellbeing of the addict and family.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: May 2017

Introduction:

Inflammation may have a role to play in the development and progression of feline chronic renal disease. Acute phase proteins associated with inflammation affect iron metabolism and are suggested to play a role in the development of anaemia.
Interventions in MFL
Authors: Buffon Karine
Published: May 2017

A project focused on raising attainment in French and Spanish saw Karine Buffon introduce a number of interventions, especially targeting disadvantaged and underachieving pupils
The role of the ‘M’ in STEM
Authors: Anderson Michael
Published: May 2017

There are significant overlaps across the new STEM curricula, especially between science and maths. Michael Anderson discusses what this means for schools and the renewed importance of cross-curricular learning
The role of Senescent Stem-Galls over Arboreal Ant Communities Structure in Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish (Asteraceae) Trees
Authors: Dos Santos Leonardo Rodrigues , Feitosa Rodrigo Machado , Carneiro Marco Antônio
Published: May 2017

The extensive occupation of canopy trees by ants can be attributed to many factors, such as the presence of structures that provide food and shelter. Structures induced by other insects in host plants, like senescent galls, can provide shelter and a nesting place for many species of ants. The main objectives of this work were: (1) to describe the ant communities found in canopies of candeia trees (Eremanthus erythropappus), including the species which use galls as nesting sites; (2) verify the role of galls in determining the structure and composition of the ant communities and (3) to evaluate whether the size and shape of galls are important to the choice of nesting sites by ants. Specifically, the following questions were investigated: 1 – Are larger galls more frequently occupied by ants than smaller galls? 2 – Does gall shape (globular and fusiform) influence occupation? 3 – Which species of ants are present in the canopies of candeias and which are occupying galls? Senescent galls were collected in locations in the southern portion of the Espinhaço Mountain Range, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. In total, 3,195 galls were collected and 19 ant species were recorded. Only 176 galls (5.5%) had been occupied by ants, and these were represented by 11 species. The most frequent species found occupying galls were Myrmelachista nodigera, with 48 colonies; Nesomyrmex spininodis, with 37 colonies; and Crematogaster complex crinosa sp. 1, with 29 colonies. The ants occupied galls with greater volume and diameter. Even considering the low occupation frequency, senescent galls in E. erythropappus are used by ants, either as outstations or satellite nests of polydomic colonies, and may be important in determining ant species composition in canopy trees.
Termite (Isoptera) Diversity in a Gallery Forests Relict in the Colombian Eastern Plains
Authors: Pinzon Florian Olga Patricia , Baquero Loren , Beltran Maira
Published: May 2017

Termites are a key group for the dynamics of gallery forests in the Colombian Orinoco region, but have been little studied. Richness and relative abundance of termites found in protected gallery forest fragments within commercial forest plantations were quantified. Sampling was conducted at three sites surrounding the creeks “Huerta La Grande”, “Caño Claro” and “Caño Los Micos”, along linear transects 50 m long and divided into five 5 × 2 m plots; there were nine transects and 45 plots. Termite sampling involved the examination of fallen branches, pieces of wood in contact with the soil, arboreal termitaria, epigeal nests and soil samples 20 cm deep (four per plot). Thirty morphospecies, mostly xylophages from the families Termitidae (Apicotermitinae, Termitinae, Nasutitermitinae, Syntermitinae) and Rhinotermitidae (Heterotermitinae), were found. No association was found between richness or termite abundance and tree size, soil pH, soil organic carbon content or accumulation depth of leaf litter on the soil. The termite diversity and abundance found in fragments of gallery forest highlights the importance of maintaining this type of vegetation to preserve the ecosystem services derived from the biological activity of termites. Keywords: Heterotermes convexinotatus, Microcerotermes, Conservation, Orinoquia, Species richness
“Empty spaces ‘Where’ we are living for” – First record of Dinoponera quadriceps reusing nests of Atta sexdens
Authors: Assis Diego Santana , Morris Sam , Nascimento Fabio S
Published: May 2017

The reuse of nests by the same or different species can save a colony energy and resources. Furthermore, it can increase colony growth and the production of brood. The queenless ant Dinoponera quadriceps builds deep nests in Caatinga to escape from the dry and hot environment. The reuse of deep nests from other species can provide D. quadriceps with protection from high temperature, whilst saving on the energy required to build new nests. Here, we present the first finding of D. quadriceps reusing the nest of Atta sexdens species.
The validity and reliability study of the attitude scale for the efficacy of performance tasks used for primary school students
Authors: Başboğaoğlu Uğur , Demir Mehmet
Published: May 2017

The aim of this research is to develop an attitude scale to measure the efficacy of the performance tasks used as evaluation instruments in the constructivist curriculum as of 2005- 2006 school year. This scale is aimed to be used to evaluate the efficacy of the performance tasks used in 4th and 5th grades of primary schools based on teacher views. The instrument is a likert scale with one-factor structure. The pilot study for the development of the scale was conducted on 152 teachers working in 34 primary schools. To test the construct validity of the scale, a factor analysis was done with 49 items in the trial form. The results from the factor analysis showed that factor loadings of the items in relevant factors varied between .55 and .75 and they explained 66% of the total variance. The reliability coefficient of the scale was estimated as (alpha) .75. As a result of the factor analysis factor loadings were found very high and no items were discarded as the items explained the total varience. The final version of the scale was administered on 388 classroom teachers. The reliability coefficient of this second scale was found (alpha) .92. These findings represent significant proofs for the validity and reliability of the scale.
Bureaucratic socialization levels of teachers
Authors: Ottekin Demirbolat Ayşe
Published: May 2017

This is a descriptive study conducted to determine the bureaucratic socialization tendencies of teachers, as well as the relationship between these tendencies and the seniority and gender variables. The population of the research is composed of elementary school teachers from the Sincan district of the province of Ankara. Data have been collected by means of a bureaucratic socialization scale developed by the researcher. The reliability level of the scale has been calculated as 0.86. The research data have been compiled from the replies of 358 available and voluntary teachers. To analyse the data, the score of each item representing a factor has been calculated by taking the arithmetical average of the scores of that item. To analyse the difference of viewpoints, ttest has been used for the gender variable and One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been used for the seniority variable. To determine which group or groups involved significant differences, LSD multiple comparison test has been conducted. The research findings show that the bureaucratic socialization tendency of teachers is at the level of 'I agree'. Compared to male teachers, female teachers have a higher tendency to adopt the bureaucratic structure and characteristics of the school, whereas, they have a lower tendency to behave in compliance with the institutional identity and values of bureaucratic structure. Furthermore, when a comparison is made between different groups of seniority, it is noted that the group with 5 years and less seniority and the one with 21 years and above seniority have a higher tendency for "not behaving according to the values and rules of the institution" than the group with 11-15 years of seniority. It is remarkable that the theoretical awareness level of teachers is high while the level of converting this awareness into activity is low. This result has been shared although it was not among the targets of the research as it has been deemed important.
Literature courses in EFL curriculum: Pre-service language teachers' perceptions
Authors: Çıraklı Mustafa Zeki , Kılıçkaya Ferit
Published: May 2017

This study is designed to explore how literature lessons are perceived by pre-service English language teaching (ELT) students and discusses the findings in terms of student perceptions and educational objectives. The participants were 30 Turkish EFL senior students. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were used to collect data in order to validate the findings. The results showed that pre-service teachers highly valued the literature courses. The participants, however, recommended that the literature courses should not be restricted to the canonic texts and aim to develop linguistic abilities through critical literary readings and cultural interpretative efforts.
The problems faced in study periods and in leisure-time activities at regional boarding primary education schools: A case study of Elazığ
Authors: Kazu İbrahim Yaşar , Aşkın Zehra
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study is to present the problems faced at study periods and leisure-time activities at the Regional Boarding Primary Education Schools and propose solutions to these problems. The population of the study is the Regional Boarding Primary Education Schools (YİBOs) in Elazığ. As the data gathering instrument, a half-structured questionnaire has been administered to the teachers. Data gathered from meetings have been analyzed and interpreted using context analysis. The assembled finding, following the interpretation of the questionnaire items, indicates that these schools are physically inadequate, the study and hobby rooms are particularly unsatisfactory and these rooms need to be reconstructed. Problems regarding the shift system of the supervisor teachers also need to be resolved. It is apparent that the Regional Boarding Primary Education Schools are common in the country and their number varies from one district to another. The aim of this study is to aid the determination of and solutions to, the problems at Regional Boarding Primary Education Schools.
The development of Organization and Management Perception's Scale and comparison in terms of some professional variables for inspectors
Authors: Akbaba Ahmet
Published: May 2017

The general aim of this research is to compare the scores obtained from the scale in terms of some professional variables and the development of Organization and Management Perceptions' scale for the inspectors of education. This research is consisted of total 157 education inspectors as the research group of working in the scan model in Ağrı 9, in Bitlis14,in Elazıg 40, in Erzurum 31,in Hakkari 13, and Van, 50. Organization and Management Perceptions Scale of education ispectors is used in this study as collecting data within the scope of this study, and developed by researchers. It has determined that education inspectors have the threshold values determined on the averages, both the sub-scale scores and in total scale points of organizational perception management. When considering the scores obtained from the measurement tool, it was found a difference to the lower branches and sizes according to educational status. During the service there was not any significant difference. It is thought to provide a contribution to your writing, directed developing a measurement tool of the high level of reliability and validity of the study. In addition, the properties of education inspectors are compared in accordance with professional some variables.
“I am wary of giving too much power to students:” Addressing the “but” in the Principle of Staff-Student Partnership
Authors: Murphy Rebecca , Nixon Sarah , Brooman Simon , Fearon Damian
Published: May 2017

Staff and students coming together to enhance learning is a key educational challenge facing the higher education sector. Literature proposes different ways of achieving this through co-creation, partnership, and collaboration. This paper focuses solely on staff perspectives of a staff-student partnership project aimed at improving feedback strategies. Through a mixed-methods approach, staff in four disciplines in one UK university were questioned in regard to collaborating with students, asked to take part in a co-creation experience, and then invited to take part in a follow-up interview. Findings indicated that staff initially supported greater student engagement in curriculum development but were wary of substantial change in the design of curriculum content. Some doubted the experience and abilities of students in this context. The overarching response was a positive statement followed first with a “but” and then with the issues that could be caused by a partnership approach.
The Development of Contemporary Student Engagement Practices at the University of Winchester and Winchester Student Union, UK
Authors: Lowe Tom , Shaw Cassie , Sims Stuart , King Savannah , Paddison Angus
Published: May 2017

This case study explores practice in four areas of student engagement activity which were developed in partnership between the University of Winchester and Winchester Student Union. The development, motivations, stakeholders, and challenges of activities built around the principles of representation, change, feedback, and research are discussed. Relationships between practices will be explored in the context of a proposal for how discrete practices can complement one another to create a community of partnership. The case study focuses on four key initiatives: Student Academic Representatives, Student Fellows Scheme, Student-Led Teaching Awards, and the Winchester Research Apprenticeship Programme. The four key initiatives are contextualised with a discussion of an ongoing project that seeks to provide greater coherence to student engagement through an institution-wide movement towards embedding partnership.
Diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism in HIV: an unexpected cause
Authors: Tavares Bello Carlos , Sousa Santos Francisco , Sequeira Duarte João , Vasconcelos Carlos
Published: May 2017

Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare clinical entity characterized by low circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) presenting with polyuria and volume depletion. Pituitary surgery is the most common cause of central DI in adults. Pituitary and hypothalamic disease, particularly invasive neoplasms, rarely cause DI, being idiopathic cases responsible for the majority of non-surgical cases. HIV patients, especially those with poor virulogical control, are prone to the development of CNS neoplasms, particularly lymphomas. These neoplasms usually become manifest with mass effects and seizures. Central DI and hypopituitarism are uncommon initial manifestations of primary CNS lymphomas. The authors describe the case of 29-year-old female, HIV-positive patient whose CNS lymphoma presented with DI.

Learning points:

Central diabetes insipidus has multiple causes and central nervous system lymphomas are not often considered in the differential diagnosis due to their low prevalence.

Accurate biochemical diagnosis should always be followed by etiological investigation.

The HIV population is at risk for many neoplasms, especially CNS lymphomas.

New-onset polyuria in an HIV-positive patient in the absence of focal neurological signs should raise the suspicion for a central nervous system process of neoplastic nature.

This clinical entity usually constitutes a therapeutical challenge, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal outcome.
Utilização de medicamentos em crianças internadas em um hospital geral
Authors: Martins Camila Fernandes , Uberti Marcela Fornari , Warpechowski Thainá Paola , Schuelter-Trevisol Fabiana , Trevisol Daisson José
Published: May 2017

*** Medication use in children admitted to a general hospital ***AIMS: To describe the profile of medications used in children admitted to a general hospital.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with children aged 0 to 12 years, admitted to the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, in Tubarão, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between July 2013 and July 2014. The following data were collected: f age, sex, length of hospital stay, International Classification of Diseases codes for hospitalization, and medications used. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system was used for the medications.RESULTS: The medical records of 1,603 children aged up to 12 years were analyzed. The hospital stay ranged from one to 115 days. The number of medications per admission ranged from one to 77, with an average of 9.84 medications per patient. A total of 211 different types of medications were used, most of which were classified as analgesic with central nervous system activity. Tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy were the most prevalent disorders diagnosed among the 303 different International Classification of Diseases codes found in this study. Seven types of unlicensed medications and 23 drugs with some kind of restriction for pediatric use were prescribed.CONCLUSIONS: The average number of medications was high in hospitalized children, and the prescription of unlicensed drugs and those with some kind of restriction for pediatric use was an important factor. These data suggest poor attention to the risks and benefits of medication use in children – a relevant issue that requires continuous and intensive surveillance by different health professionals .
Características psicométricas do Questionário Newcastle de conhecimento em asma (NAKQ) para pais de crianças com asma
Authors: Roncada Cristian , Bischoff Luísa Carolina , Bugança Bianca Martininghi , Soldera Karina , Cardoso Thiago De Araujo , Pitrez Paulo Márcio
Published: May 2017

*** Psychometric characteristics of the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) for parents of children with asthma ***AIMS: To analyze the psychometric characteristics identified by the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) in parents of children with asthma.METHODS: Parents of children with asthma were recruited in outpatient follow-up with pediatric pulmonologists. Parents of children with no asthma diagnosis were recruited from public schools in the same city. The NAKQ has 31 items, being 25 questions with answers "true" or "false", and six open questions. The minimum score for knowledge is of 0 (zero) points with a maximum score of 31 points. In addition, the questionnaire is given a cutting point ≥ 21 points to satisfactory levels (suitable) and 21 for unsatisfactory levels < (inappropriate). For the analysis of precision of the instrument, we adopted three criteria: a) internal consistency through the alpha Cronbach (αC) coefficient; b) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); and b) test-retest using the Kappa coefficient. For the questionnaire validation, we analyzed the current validity criteria.RESULTS: One hundred and fifty four parents participated in this study, with 62 (40.3%) children with asthma and 92 (59.7%) without asthma, with a mean of 35.6±10.03 years and 132 (85.7%) females. High school was the most prevalent education level (n=72; 46.8%). The αC coefficient was 0.72 and 0.70, for the group of parents of asthmatics and of non-asthmatic children, respectively. The ICC was 0.703 (CI95%: 0.042-0.111) for parents of asthmatics and 0.687 (CI95%: 0.588-0.772) for parents of non-asthmatic. The degree of consistency in responses to each item on the repeated questionnaires, with application of the Kappa index, obtained acceptable values in 25 (80.65%), with eight issues (25.81%) classified as "good" and 17 (54.84%) as "very good".CONCLUSIONS: The NAKQ presented good internal consistency and repeatability indices, showing to be a precise and valid tool for measuring the level of knowledge about the disease in parents of Brazilian children with asthma.
REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF THE JAVA SEA
Authors: Sadhotomo Bambang
Published: May 2017

Old information and recent data were synthesized in order to reveal comprenhensrve description of the environment feature of the Java sea. Descriptive analysis was performed on various format of data
NUTRIENT AND STEROID CONTENTS OF SOME DEEP SEA FISH SPESIES FROM WESTERN SUMATERA, EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Suseno Sugeng Hari , Suman Ali , Wudianto Wudianto , Damayanti Arin
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this research is to observe the content of nutrient and steroid of some deep sea fish from western Sumatera of the IndianOcean. A number of 11 fish species was examired in this work.
SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND MATURITY OF THE SLIMEHEADS (Hoplostethus crassispinus) lN THE DEEP SEA AROUND SIMEULEU ISLAND, WESTERN SUMATERA, EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Badrudin Badrudin , Suman Ali , Awwaludin Awwaludin
Published: May 2017

The slimeheads (Hoplosfefhus spp.) provide one of the likely economic important deep sea demersal fish resources in the near future. The fish was caught in western part of Sumatera, in the depth of more than 500 m deep, and was found in substantial amount in the deep waters around Simeuleu lsland and the western off Banda Aceh. Data analysis was limited to the biological aspects, including length relationship, and maturity.