bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Veliki slovar poljskega jezika Poljske akademije znanosti
Authors: Żmigrodzki Piotr
Published: November 2018

Prispevek opisuje izdelavo najnovejšega splošnega slovarja poljskega jezika: Veliki slovar poljskega jezika Poljske akademije znanosti (Wielki słownik języka polskiego PAN). Vodilni partner projekta je Inštitut za poljski jezik, pri projektu pa sodelujejo tudi jezikoslovci in leksikografi s številnih poljskih akademskih ustanov. Prispevek na kratko predstavlja zgodovino projekta in glavne značilnosti slovarja. Opisana je tudi organizacija dela in naloge, ki jih opravljajo posamezni člani ekipe. Prispevek dalje prikazuje spletno zasnovo slovarja in dele spletnega vmesnika, npr. različne načine iskanj. V zaključku so navedeni načrti za prihodnost, ki vključujejo tako dodajanje novih iztočnic oziroma novih informacij obstoječim iztočnicam kot tudi izboljšavo leksikografskih postopkov z uporabo sodobnih jezikovnotehnoloških orodij.
Spletni slovar španščine za nematerne govorce: projekt DAELE
Authors: Arias-Badia Blanca , Bernal Elisenda , Alonso Araceli
Published: November 2018

Obstoječi spletni slovarji za tiste, ki se španščine učijo kot drugega jezika, so povečini zgolj tiskane različice, prenesene v elektronski medij. Prispevek prikazuje napredek pri projektu DAELE, katerega cilj je izdelava prototipa slovarja za nematerne govorce španščine, zasnovanega (zgolj) za spletno objavo. Opisani so ciljni uporabniki slovarja in razlogi za izdelavo, predstavljene so glavne značilnosti slovarske makrostrukture ter mikrostrukture. Poročilo predstavlja tudi način zbiranja gradiva in njegovo analizo, posebna pozornost pa je posvečena opisu vključitve najpomembnejših kolokacij v slovarska gesla z uporabo metode, ki temelji na kolokacijskih mrežah.
Pogled na knjigo Le parti del discorso Giampaola Salvija
Authors: Grošelj Robert
Published: November 2018

Giampaolo Salvi, eden najpomembnejših italianistov (med drugim tudi sourednik in soavtor velikih italijanskih slovnic Grande Grammatica Italiana di Consultazione, 1988–1995, 2001, in Grammatica dell’Italiano Antico, 2010), redni profesor na Oddelku za romanistiko Univerze Loránda Eötvösa v Budimpešti, je 2013 (ponatis 2015) objavil knjigo Le parti del discorso (Carocci editore), v kateri pretresa besednovrstno teorijo, v prvi vrsti italianistično. Knjiga je razdeljena na šest osrednjih poglavij: 1. Kako opredeliti besedne vrste, 2. Tradicionalna klasifikacija besednih vrst, 3. Samostalnik in pridevnik, 4. Zaimki in determinativi, 5. Glagol, 6. Prislovi, predlogi, vezniki; jedro knjige spremljata Uvod in Zaključek. Koliko besednih vrst in katere. Na koncu sledi še izbrana osnovna Bibliografija (137–140).
(Re)standardizacija v primežu nacionalne identitete: primer hrvaškega, srbskega, bosanskega in črnogorskega jezika
Authors: Požgaj Hadži Vesna , Balažic Bulc Tatjana
Published: November 2018

V procesu jezikovne standardizacije imajo med različnimi funkcijami ključno vlogo funkcija združevanja, funkcija razdruževanja in funkcija prestiža. V prispevku je v središču pozornosti funkcija razdruževanja, ki zahteva redefiniranje statusa standardnih jezikov, pri čemer ima pomembno vlogo tudi politika. V takih primerih lahko pogosto govorimo o procesu restandardizacije ali, z drugimi besedami, o preoblikovanju jezika, ki je že standardiziran, vendar na nekoliko drugačnih temeljih. Rezultate takega procesa prikažemo v štirih jezikih naslednikih nekdanje srbohrvaščine, tj. hrvaščini, srbščini, bosanščini in črnogorščini, ki so bili po razdružitvi deležni različnih (potrebnih in nepotrebnih) jezikovnih sprememb (posebej na leksikalni in glasoslovni ravni) z izjemno simbolno vrednostjo. Vzroki za spremembe so tako zunanji (nova družbeno-politična ureditev), kot notranji (spremenjen odnos do sosednih standardnih jezikov, večje zanimanje za jezikovna vprašanja, strankarsko delovanje posameznih jezikoslovcev v okviru različnih inštitucij ipd.), v obeh primerih pa tesno povezani s političnimi strukturami.
Prvi koraki do novega velikega slovensko-madžarskega slovarja: analiza relevantnih dvojezičnih virov
Authors: Bálint Čeh Júlia , Kosem Iztok
Published: November 2018

Prispevek izhaja iz projekta snovanja novega velikega slovensko-madžarskega slovarja, pri katerem je bila za namene priprave koncepta potrebna tudi analiza obstoječih dvojezičnih virov za ta jezikovni par. Tako prispevek najprej ponudi krajši zgodovinski pregled slovensko-madžarskega slovaropisja, od prvih zbirk narečnih besed, glosarjev do frazeoloških zbirk in slovarjev. Sledi pregled dvojezičnih slovarjev za jezikovni par slovenščina-madžarščina in madžarščina-slovenščina. Prispevek se nato osredotoči na primerjavo treh najpogosteje uporabljanih slovensko-madžarskih slovarjev, in sicer slovensko-madžarskega dela slovarja Elizabete Bernjak iz leta 1995, Slovensko-madžarskega slovarja Jožeta Hradila iz leta 1996 ter slovensko-madžarskega dela Hradilovega navzkrižnega slovarja iz leta 2012. Slovarji so primerjani z vidika obsega, geslovnika, predstavitve iztočnic, zaglavja ipd. Primerjani so tudi različni elementi slovarske mikrostrukture, od prevedkov do ponazarjalnega gradiva. Nato je opravljena kratka študija izrazja, ki ga najdemo v e-zbirkah izrazov in ki naj bi odsevalo potrebe izobraževalnih ustanov na dvojezičnem območju. Temu sledi pregled izbranih primerov dobrih praks sodobne dvojezične leksikografije, kot je pri nas npr. Veliki angleško-slovenski slovar Oxford-DZS, v tujini pa dvojezični slovarji založb Oxford in Collins. Pri pregledu predvsem izpostavimo elemente, ki najbolje kažejo sodobne pristope izkoriščanja prednosti digitalnega medija in so posledično najbolj relevantni za snovanje Velikega slovensko-madžarskega slovarja.
Učenje slovenskega jezika ter stališča dijakov in staršev do slovenščine v Varaždinski in Medžimurski županiji na Hrvaškem
Authors: Medvešek Mojca
Published: November 2018

V zadnjih petih letih so se v Varaždinski in Medžimurski županiji uresničile nove možnosti učenja slovenskega jezika v šolah. V prispevku obravnavamo pravne možnosti urejanja položaja slovenščine na Hrvaškem, uresničevanje možnosti učenja slovenščine v Varaždinski in Medžimurski županiji v praksi ter izsledke raziskav, opravljenih med dijaki dveh srednjih šol in njihovimi starši o učenju slovenskega jezika. Izsledki raziskav so med drugim pokazali, da imajo dijaki in starši do učenja slovenskega jezika pozitiven odnos. Znanje slovenščine jim pomeni zlasti večje možnosti za izobraževanje oziroma zaposlitev v Sloveniji. Pokazalo pa se je tudi, da je med učenci slovenskega jezika malo pripadnikov slovenske manjšine.
Teoretska izhodišča in metodološki okvir pri izdelavi uporabnikom prijaznega spletišča: primer platforme SMeJse – Slovenščina kot manjšinski jezik
Authors: Grgič Matejka
Published: November 2018

V prispevku predstavljam teoretska in metodološka izhodišča za izdelavo portala SMeJse (Slovenščina kot manjšinski jezik), ob tem pa se obsežneje zaustavljam ob analizi položaja, stanja in statusa slovenskega jezika v Italiji, nekaterih specifičnih jezikovnih pojavih, metodoloških izzivih in socioloških okvirih.Pojmi, kot so zvrstnost jezika, norma, prvi/materni oz. tuji jezik, manjšina, diglosija in številni drugi izgubljajo namreč pomen, ki so ga imeli v epistemologijah 20. stoletja, in pridobivajo nove konotacije. Do teh ključnih premikov pri obravnavi jezikovnih pojavov in načrtovanju jezikovnih politik prihaja zaradi novih družbenih kontekstov ob prehodu iz 20. v 21. stoletje. Na percepcije in reprezentacije jezika, ki močno pogojujejo njegovo usvajanje, rabo in tudi uradni položaj – pa tudi znanstveno obravnavo – namreč vplivajo nekateri »zunanji« dejavniki. Med temi gre izpostaviti razvoj in dostopnost novih tehnologij, evropsko politiko na področju manjšinskih jezikov in večjezičnosti nasploh, ekonomsko krizo in njene posledice ter migracijske tokove. Pojmovanje »manjšine« in »manjšinskosti« je tudi na področju jezika in jezikoslovja dobilo nove in drugačne razsežnosti.Na podlagi teh ugotovitev sta Slovenski raziskovalni inštitut (SLORI) in Dijaški dom S. Kosovela v Trstu izdelala spletno platformo SMeJse (www.smejse.it) kot zbirališče novih in že obstoječih orodij, gradiv in informacij za razvoj jezikovnih veščin in spretnosti v slovenskem jeziku. Namen platforme je spodbujanje različnih rab živega slovenskega jezika na območju italijansko-slovenskega jezikovnega stikanja, predvsem v Italiji – s ciljem, da se zagotovi visoka sporazumevalna zmožnost v vseh zvrsteh in različicah slovenskega jezika, uravnotežena dvojezičnost in razvoj tudi lokalnih idiomov, a znotraj slovenskega jezikovnega kontinuuma.
Primerjava običajnih in faktorskih modelov pri statističnem strojnem prevajanju iz angleščine v slovenščino z orodjem Moses
Authors: Kuntarič Sašo , Krek Simon , Robnik Šikonja Marko
Published: November 2018

Strojno prevajanje je področje računalniške lingvistike, ki raziskuje uporabo programske opreme za prevajanje besedila iz enega jezika v drugega. Faktorsko statistično strojno prevajanje je različica statističnega, pri katerem besedilu dodamo jezikoslovne oznake na ravni besed in jih spremenimo v vektorje. Tako želimo izboljšati kakovost dobljenih prevodov. V prispevku opišemo uporabo odprtokodnega sistema Moses za faktorsko statistično strojno prevajanje iz angleščine v slovenščino. Iz besedilnega korpusa smo ustvarili več faktorskih in nefaktorskih prevajalnih modelov. Z njimi smo prevedli dve besedili s področja informacijskih tehnologij. Prvo je usmerjeno tržno in ima kompleksnejšo zgradbo, drugo pa je bolj tehnične narave. Prevode, ki smo jih dobili, smo na dva načina primerjali z dvema neodvisnima človeškima prevodoma in s prevodom, ki smo ga ustvarili s storitvijo Google Translate. Za prvi način primerjave smo uporabili metriko BLEU, za drugega pa so prevode pregledali človeški pregledovalci in podali subjektivno oceno, ki je pri prevajanju še vedno zelo pomembna. Čeprav rezultatov ne moremo primerjati neposredno zaradi različnih metrik, se gibanje ocen kakovosti pri obeh besedilih dobro ujema. Edina občutna razlika med računalniško in človeško oceno se pojavi pri prehodu na faktorske modele pri drugem besedilu. Analizirali smo zanesljivost ocenjevalcev in rezultate ocenjevanja. Ugotovili smo, da so naši modeli primernejši za tehnična besedila in da uporaba faktorskih modelov vidneje izboljša prevajanje kompleksnejših besedil.
Poučevanje strokovno-znanstvenega jezika na slovenskih univerzah: pregled študijske literature in navodil za izdelavo zaključnih del
Authors: Logar Nataša
Published: November 2018

V prispevku najprej podajamo pregled del, ki so na seznamih obvezne in dodatne literature pri tistih študijskih predmetih, pri katerih se študenti slovenskih univerz učijo o strokovno-znanstvenem pisanju. Seznamu smo nato dodali še druge slovenske priročnike s to tematiko in pregledali njihovo vsebino, nato pa smo zbrali in analizirali ter komentirali še navodila za pisanje diplomskih del vseh 52 javnih slovenskih fakultet. Izpostavili smo zgledne primere in opozorili na nekatera mesta, ki jih je mogoče še izboljšati.
The corpus-driven revolution in Polish Sign Language: the interview with Dr. Paweł Rutkowski
Authors: Kosem Iztok , Nyst Victoria
Published: November 2018

Dr. Paweł Rutkowski is head of the Section for Sign Linguistics at the University of Warsaw. He is a general linguist and a specialist in the field of syntax of natural languages, carrying out research on Polish Sign Language (polski język migowy — PJM). He has been awarded a number of prizes, grants and scholarships by such institutions as the Foundation for Polish Science, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, National Science Centre, Poland, Polish–U.S. Fulbright Commission, Kosciuszko Foundation and DAAD.Dr. Rutkowski leads the team developing the Corpus of Polish Sign Language and the Corpus-based Dictionary of Polish Sign Language, the first dictionary of this language prepared in compliance with modern lexicographical standards. The dictionary is an open-access publication, available freely at the following address: www.slownikpjm.uw.edu.pl/en/.This interview took place at eLex 2017, a biennial conference on electronic lexicography, where Dr. Rutkowski was awarded the Adam Kilgarriff Prize and gave a keynote address entitled Sign language as a challenge to electronic lexicography: The Corpus-based Dictionary of Polish Sign Language and beyond. The interview was conducted by Dr. Victoria Nyst from Leiden University, Faculty of Humanities, and Dr. Iztok Kosem from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts.
¿Estrategia reductiva? De la ecología de sistemas a la fisiología
Authors: Di Pasquo Federico , Francese Christian , Folguera Guillermo
Published: November 2018

The main objective of this work is to analyze the intention to reduce some areas of Ecology (in particular Population Ecology, Community Ecology and Ecosistem Ecology) to Physiology (in the particular case of metabolic studies). The origin of this research of reduction was done through consolidation of metabolic ecological theory in first years of XXIst century. Considering this objective, general framework was based on the proposal of Sahotra Sarkar.
Editorial: 20 Years of Principia, dedicated to the memory of the Prof. Oswaldo Porchat
Authors: Principia Revista
Published: November 2018

Editorial: 20 Years of Principia, dedicated to the memory of Prof. Oswaldo Porchat. Interview with Luiz Henrique Dutra.
Inferência metafísica e a experiência do observável
Authors: Chakravartty Anjan
Published: November 2018

Some strongly empiricist views of scientific knowledge advocate a rejection of metaphysics. On such views, scientific knowledge is described strictly in terms of knowledge of the observable world, demarcated by human sensory abilities, and no metaphysical considerations need arise. This paper argues that even these views require some recourse to metaphysics in order to derive knowledge from experience. Central here is the notion of metaphysical inference, which admits of different “magnitudes”, thus generating a spectrum of putative knowledge with more substantially empirical beliefs at one end, and more metaphysically imbued beliefs at the other. Given that metaphysical inference is required even concerning knowledge of the observable, the empiricist hope of avoiding metaphysics altogether is futile: knowledge of the observable simply involves metaphysical inferences that are of smaller magnitudes than others. Metaphysical inferences are required not only to distinguish veridical from non-veridical experience and to determine the quality of empirical information, but also in order to explain how we construct experience (through categorizations and classifications of objects, events, processes, and properties), how we extrapolate from empirical evidence to generalize about observable phenomena, and how we use this evidence to test and confirm hypotheses and theories.
Experience and Mathematical Knowledge
Authors: Gaeta Rodolfo
Published: November 2018

According to a very common view, the main tenet of empiricism is the conviction that all human knowledge derives from sensory experience. But classic philosophers representing empiricism hold that mathematical knowledge is a priori. Mill intended to demonstrate that the laws of arithmetic and geometry have inductive origins. But Frege and others authors showed that Mill’s arguments were wrong. Benacerraf held that, since mathematical objects are abstract entities, they could not have any causal relationship with human beings, so they cannot be known by us. On the other hand, biology and psychology show that in animals and human creatures we can find innate behaviours, in accordance with the theory on natural selection. Experiments performed by Wynn and by other psychologists strongly support that very young babies can determine the results of simple arithmetical operations without any previous learning. We conclude that there are convincing reasons to accept the rationalist thesis about the a priori character of mathematical knowledge.
Intentionality and Continuity of Experience
Authors: Leclerc André
Published: November 2018

My aim is to provide an analysis of cognitive experience from the point of view of philosophy of mind, by identifying and describing different components or features present in it. But different things are called ‘experience’ and some are more complex than other. I will first examine different uses of the word ‘experience’ to clear the way and to avoid cases of circularity. Then I try to restrict the investigation and introduce the mode (character) and content of experience, and take BonJour’s suggestion of what cognitive experience is as a starting point. In my view, the two main features of experience are Horizontal Intentionality (which produces Phenomenal Continuity) and Vertical Intentionality. The first is the most striking and fundamental; it constitutes the continuity of experience. Vertical Intentionality selects objects of experience, so that our experience is always experience of something. In Perception, something is identified and recognized by the application of concepts. Attention is required, especially when we get involved in complicated operations or manipulations. Finally, the last feature is constituted by a huge set of dispositions, particularly abilities to keep track our thoughts and former experiences. Cognitive Experience in the full sense is the result of the interaction and mutual support of these features.
Semantic Imagination as Condition to our Linguistic Experience
Authors: De Almeida Nazareno Eduardo
Published: November 2018

The main purpose of this article is, from a semiotic perspective, arguing for the recognizing of a semantic role of the imagination as a necessary condition to our linguistic experience, regarded as an essential feature of the relations of our thought with the world through signification processes (and the sign systems they perform); processes centered in but not reducible to discourse. The text is divided into three parts. The first part presents the traditional position in philosophy and cognitive sciences that had barred until recent times the possibility to investigate the semantic function performed by imagination, mainly due to the anti-psychologist arguments on which it is based. After that, I situate my perspective inside of the recent research panorama in philosophy and cognitive science. The second part presents the semiotic framework on the relation between thought, language, and world, conceived through the concepts of signification processes and sense-conditions. Within this framework, I introduce the concept of linguistic experience, characterizing semantic imagination as one of its sense-conditions. In the third part, several pieces of evidence for corroborating the semantic function of imagination are discussed. These pieces come from the fields of phenomena denoted as diagrammatic thought and counterfactual thought. Diagrammatic thought, briefly discussed, points out the semantic work of imagination in the semi-discursive sign systems constructed in mathematics, logic, and natural science. After defending a widening of the concept of counterfactual thought, and its intrinsic relation with semantic imagination, the role of semantic imagination is briefly discussed in some types of counterfactual thought found in our conceptions of modal concepts, in thought experiments, in apagogical arguments, and in the creative discursive devices.
É o método filosófico baseado na intuição?
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudia
Published: November 2018

There is a current and lively debate that opposes naturalistic philosophers to non-naturalistic philosophers about intuition. I start with a critical analysis of that debate, presenting the arguments that naturalistic philosophers make use of in order to debunk the alleged method based on intuitions of non-naturalistic philosophers. Then I introduce the solution that consists in trying to reduce metaphysics to a merely descriptive task, concluding, however, that this move is not satisfactory. I therefore describe ‘stylistic’ solutions whereby it is argued that the term “intuition” and its derivatives play a rhetorical function in philosophy, or reflect a careless use of vocabulary. Although partly correct, I try to show that they do not eradicate the alleged importance of intuition in philosophy. Finally, I present my own point of view about the issue at hand: in case intuition plays a role in the pursuit of knowledge, be it scientific or philosophical, that role is not methodological, but heuristical.
Axiom (cc)0 and Verifiability in Two Extracanonical Logics of Formal Inconsistency
Authors: Ferguson Thomas Macaulay
Published: November 2018

In the field of logics of formal inconsistency (LFIs), the notion of “consistency” is frequently too broad to draw decisive conclusions with respect to the validity of many theses involving the consistency connective. In this paper, we consider the matter of the axiom (cc)0—i.e., the schema ◦ ◦ϕ—by considering its interpretation in contexts in which “consistency” is understood as a type of verifiability. This paper suggests that such an interpretation is implicit in two extracanonical LFIs—Sören Halldén’s nonsense-logic C and Graham Priest’s cointuitionistic logic daC—drawing some interesting conclusions concerning the status of (cc)0. Initially, we discuss Halldén’s skepticism of this axiom and provide a plausible counterexample to its validity. We then discuss the interpretation of the operator in Priest’s daC and show the equivalence of (cc)0 to the intuitionistic principle of testability. These observations suggest that it may be fruitful for members of the LFI community to look outside the canon for evidence concerning the adoption of principles like (cc)0.
On Existence, Inconsistency, and Indispensability
Authors: Antunes Henrique
Published: November 2018

In this paper I sketch some lines of response to Mark Colyvan’s (2008) indispensability  arguments for the existence of inconsistent objects, being mainly concerned with the indispens ability of inconsistent mathematical entities. My response will draw heavily on Jody Azzouni’s (2004) deflationary nominalism.
Imagem corporal e indicadores antropométricos em adolescentes vivendo com HIV
Authors: Augustemak de Lima Luiz Rodrigo , Teixeira Davi Monteiro , Martins Priscila Custódio , Martins Cilene Rebolho , Pelegrini Andreia , Petroski Edio Luiz
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to compare body image and anthropometric indicators among adolescents living with HIV and healthy adolescents (control group). In addition, we verified the associations of anthropometric indicators, infection/treatment, sexual maturity, and sociodemographic characteristics with body image in adolescents living with HIV. One hundred and eleven adolescents aged 10 to 15 years were divided into those living with HIV (n = 57) and a control group (n = 54). Body image was investigated using an eight-point body silhouette scale. Body weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds were measured. Body image dissatisfaction was found in 54.4% of the adolescents living with HIV, with 38.6% of them wishing to increase their body size. Conversely, body image dissatisfaction was due to the desire to reduce body size in the control group (40.7%). No difference between the HIV and control groups was found for the anthropometric indicators analyzed. Gender (β = -0.52), age (β = 0.18), body weight (β = 0.07), body mass index (β = -0.19), and upper arm muscle area (β = -0.08) explained 42% of the variation in the body image score of adolescents living with HIV. Thinness is the main reason for body image dissatisfaction in adolescents living with HIV. Almost half the body dissatisfaction of adolescents living with HIV was explained by demographic and anthropometric variables.
Nível de atividade física no lazer após a cirurgia bariátrica afeta parâmetros ósseos?
Authors: Cremon Alexandre Do Santos , Mendes Anselmo Alexandre , Terra Caio Machado de Oliveira , Cerrone Leticia Andrade , Nardo Junior Nelson
Published: November 2018

Bariatric surgery (BS) causes an exacerbated loss of body weight and fat, and can promote changes in other body tissues such as bone tissue. The aim of this study was to compare the profile of serum and urinary bone markers and bone mineral density (BMD) of active and sedentary patients after BS. The sample consisted of 89 patients, of both sexes, who underwent BS through the gastric bypass in Roux-Y, between years 2003 and 2013. Anthropometry, body composition, spine and femur BMD was evaluated by dual energy x-ray absormetry (DEXA), as well as biochemical variables through serum collected for the dosage of calcium, osteocalcin and PTH levels, and also 24-hours urine for deoxypyridinoline and calcium. The level of leisure-time physical activity was assessed by questionnaire. Statistical significance was set at 5%. The average age of active and sedentary groups was [51.76 (9.66)] and [47.06 (12.16)] and body mass index [34.98 (6.90)] and [29,26 (5.92)], respectively. There are statistically significant differences in osteocalcin levels between groups (p = 0.021), as well as small effect size observed in the following variables: BMD of the total femur, osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline and serum calcium (respectively d = 0:36; d = 0:39; d = 00:41 d = 0.3). The incorporation of an active lifestyle demonstrated a positive impact on circulating levels of osteocalcin and other bone parameters, thereby indicating a possible preservation of BMD during the aging process.
Fatores associados à mortalidade de adultos e idosos residentes no município de Rio Claro - SP: um estudo de coorte
Authors: Christofoletti Ana Elisa Messetti , Goulardins Guilherme Stefano , Orcioli-Silva Diego , Ueno Deisy Terumi , Teixeira Inaian Pignatti , Kokubun Eduardo , Nakamura Priscila Missaki
Published: November 2018

The factors associated to mortality may be distinct in each region and identifying them can contribute to develop public policies related to health promotion and prevention. Thus, the aims of this study were verify the factors associated with mortality and the influence of physical activity on the mortality rates of adults and elderly living in the city of Rio Claro, SP. The first moment of the cohort study was conducted in 2008 and the second in 2014. Participants answered questions about socio-demographic level, level of physical activity (PA), health and eating habits variables. In the case of individuals who were not found after three attempts, neighbors and relatives were questioned about whether they had the contact with that person or if he/she had passed away. To analyze factor associated to mortality, three independent Logistic Regression models for complex samples were used (total PA; commuting PA; leisure PA), as well as the SPSS software version 21.0, considering p<0.05. The variables that were associated with mortality in the three models were: “male sex”, “elderly” and “poor/very poor health perception”. Further, individuals who spent 150 min/week of physical activity did not showed any protection against mortality when compared with those who did not achieve the recommendation. These results can guide public policies, mainly, to the health of the elderly, people with poor health perception and men.
Existem diferenças nas ações técnicas realizadas por jogadores de diferentes posições durante os pequenos jogos?
Authors: Silva Marcelo Vilhena , Sousa Raphael Brito e , Praça Gibson Moreira , Morales Juan Carlos Pérez , Chagas Mauro Heleno , Greco Pablo Juan
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to compare technical actions of soccer players from different playing position during small-sided games in which teams were composed of players from the same position (e.g., three defenders). In total, 14 U-14 soccer players (14.43 ± 0.16 years), four defenders, four midfielders and four forwards, as well as 2 non-evaluated goalkeepers, participated in this study. The incidence of technical actions performed by players was analyzed through proportion chi-square test and omega effect sizes, and significance level was set at 5%. Results showed no differences in technical actions performed by players from different playing positions (p>0.05, small effect size). Thus, it is suggested that the 3v3 small-sided game, with teams composed of athletes with the same playing position, is characterized by a more general training stimulus, which can be particularly useful during the first years of deliberate practice.
Construção e validação do conteúdo do questionário dos conhecimentos e competências do treinador - QCCT
Authors: Quinaud Ricardo Teixeira , Backes Ana Flávia , Silva Daiane Cardoso da , Nascimento Juarez Vieira do , Ramos Valmor , Milistetd Michel
Published: November 2018

The validation of this questionnaire is an important tool for analyzing the knowledge and skills of coaches, as well as a better understanding of their practice context. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish the content validity of the Coaches’ Knowledge and Competence Questionnaire (CKCQ). Five specialists with doctorate degree for at least 10 years, academic experience and periodicity of publications with the theme in national and international journals participated in the validation process. Specialists evaluated 38 items of the questionnaire and assigned a score on a 1-5 point likert scale for each item in the language clarity, practical pertinence and theoretical relevance criteria. The content validity coefficient (CVC) was used to determine the CVCI of items and the CVCt of the total instrument of each criterion, adopting cutoff point of 0.81. The approximate results found for language clarity (0.92), practical pertinence (0.99) and theoretical relevance (0.98) presented values considered almost perfect and appropriate for validation. The content validation of the CKCQ is an important alternative for the evaluation of the knowledge and competences of sports coaches.
Prevalência de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros que atenderam critérios de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Gonçalves Eliane Cristina de Andrade , Alves Junior Carlos Alencar Souza , Nunes Heloyse Elaine Gimenes , Souza Michele Caroline de , Silva Diego Augusto Santos
Published: November 2018

The study aimed to systematically review the literature to identify the prevalence of Brazilian children and adolescents that meet health criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The search was performed in the electronic databases (PubMED, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) and list of references of identified articles. Inclusion criteria were: population composed of children and/or adolescents (0-19 years or average age up to 19 years); studies with Brazilian children and/or adolescents and observational studies with cross-sectional or longitudinal design. The process of analysis of studies involved reading titles, abstracts and full texts. After these phases, 60 articles were eligible. Regarding the design, two studies were longitudinal. Of the total studies included, 49 presented moderate methodological quality values and 11 presented low methodological quality values, according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute instrument. The prevalence of children and adolescents who met CRF health criteria varied among studies (7.5% to 70.4%), and this variation was higher in girls than in boys. Total of 49.093 individuals aged 6-19 years were surveyed to compute all of these studies, resulting in 32.2% of subjects (27.7% of boys and 28.4% of girls) with CRF levels adequate for health around Brazil. These results may help to screen the pediatric population at risk if CRF is considered as a health measure.
Prevalence of weight excess in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Simões Caroline Ferraz , Lopes Wendell Arthur , Remor Jane Maria , Locateli João Carlos , Lima Felipe Bandeira , Cordeiro dos Santos Tamires Leal , Nardo Junior Nelson
Published: November 2018

The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide, no mattering age groups and socioeconomic status. In Brazil, it is still unclear the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, since most Brazilian studies have only verified regional prevalence of obesity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the scientific production regarding the prevalence of weight excess in Brazilian children and adolescents. A search in the relevant electronic databases Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo and BVS was performed. After analyzing 61 studies, the overall prevalence was 25.5%.When sample was stratified weight excess degree, a prevalence of17% and 11.6% for overweight and obesity were observed, respectively. Analyzing differences by sex, boys presented higher prevalence of overall weight excess (e.g., 26.4% vs 23.5%), overweight (17% vs 16%) and obesity (11.9% vs 9.1%) than girls. With respect to Brazilian regions and its differences, individuals from southern presented the highest prevalence of overall weight excess (33.2%) and overweight (20.1%). The southeastern region showed the highest prevalence of obesity (18.2%).The results obtained in the current study indicate that Brazil presents a scenario of crescent increasing on the prevalence of weight excess. These results are in accordance with studies from other countries,and reinforce the increase of the overall weight excess prevalence in Brazilian children and adolescents, highlighting the increasing of obesity rates, since it is a more concerning condition than overweight. Therefore, preventive measures to reduce weight excess increase, as well as treatment programs aiming to tackle obesity in childhood should be public health system top priority.
School environment and practice of accumulated physical activity in young Brazilian students
Authors: Oliveira Mona Gizelle Dreger de , Araújo Raphael Henrique de Oliveira , Couto Josiene De Oliveira , Santos Antonio Evaldo dos , Santos Josivan Rosa , Batista Kenia Rejane de Oliveira , Silva Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to verify the association between school environment and accumulated physical activity in Brazilian adolescents. This is a study with secondary data from sample 1, from the third edition of the National School Health Survey, a study carried out with 102.072 children and adolescents enrolled in the ninth school grade. Questions about characteristics of the school environment and the offer of opportunities for physical activity practices were addressed, focusing on information regarding the structure for physical activity and about the regular practice of accumulated physical activities. Variables were organized from the structure of schools and opportunities for the practice of physical activities, while accumulated physical activity was used as the outcome variable. Data were analyzed from a binary logistic regression model, organized in crude and adjusted models, with a significance level of 5%. Data were analyzed from SPSS for Windows, version 22.0. Results indicate that, from the adjustment of variables, there was an association between the practice of accumulated physical activity and the existence of a sports court under conditions of use (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.18-1.26), or presence of courtyard for use of physical education classes (OR=1.04, 95%CI=1.01-1.06). Association between the offer of varied physical activities, except for physical education classes, and the practice of accumulated physical activity (OR=1.05, 95%CI=1.02-1.08) was identified. Existence of a sports court/courtyard in schools and the offer of extracurricular physical activities are associated with the practice of accumulated physical activity in young Brazilian students.
Uma análise em livros didáticos de matemática dos anos finais do ensino fundamental acerca da proposta do ensino de polígonos sob a ótica da teoria de Van Hiele
Authors: Pachêco Franklin Fernando Ferreira , Pachêco Gisele Ferreira , Silva Anderson Douglas Pereira Rodrigues da
Published: November 2018

A pesquisa teve como objetivo central analisar a proposta do ensino de polígonos na coleção dos livros didáticos mais utilizados no município de São Vicente Férrer do Estado de Pernambuco, tendo como aporte teórico o modelo proposto por van Hiele. Para alcançarmos o objetivo da pesquisa foi necessário identificarmos inicialmente, junto à Secretaria de Educação do município, os livros didáticos mais utilizados no II ciclo do Ensino Fundamental. A realização da análise desses livros foi fundamental na identificação das relações existentes entre os autores desses livros e o modelo teórico adotado por Van Hiele. Levamos, ainda, em consideração as recomendações dos PCNs de Matemática para esses ciclos de escolaridade. A escolha desse recurso didático foi por considerar um instrumento relevante e de referência para os professores, sobretudo, nas atividades realizadas em sala de aula. Nossa fundamentação teórica esteve apoiada no modelo proposto por Van Hiele que adota níveis de 1 a 5 de desenvolvimento do pensamento geométrico que podem ser utilizados na organização de vários conteúdos de geometria e em diversos níveis de escolaridade. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada na análise de conteúdo de geometria, em especial, os polígonos. A partir das análises observamos que o autor, de modo geral, propõe o estudo dos polígonos de forma sequenciada, ou seja, define, exemplifica e só então, apresenta as atividades.
Uso do software GeoGebra para desenvolver conhecimentos acerca de algumas propriedades da circunferência
Authors: De Portella Hiago Portella , Pinto Leivas José Carlos
Published: November 2018

Este artigo é um fragmento de uma pesquisa mais ampla e teve por objetivo utilizar a tecnologia para verificar a apropriação de propriedades de circunferência, como tangentes e cordas, as quais são fundamentais para desenvolver o conhecimento matemático e do raciocínio lógico em Geometria, no Ensino Fundamental, por meio de uma atividade realizada numa escola da rede municipal em Júlio de Castilhos, RS. Optou-se por utilizar o software livre GeoGebra para desenvolver a pesquisa, a qual caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa. Apresenta-se uma das atividades propostas e resolvidas, a qual é descrita e analisada de acordo com os pressupostos teóricos utilizados. Considerou-se a importância desse software como ferramenta para o ensino de Geometria, na escola básica, auxiliando na passagem dos esquemas mentais concretos para o abstrato. Concluiu-se que os alunos compreenderam e apropriaram-se de conceitos como o de circunferências concêntricas, relacionando, no decorrer da resolução, conhecimentos próprios. Além disso, essa tecnologia computacional influenciou o processo de ensino aprendizagem de um tópico de Geometria Euclidiana, possibilitando ao professor inovar na busca de uma aprendizagem significativa.
A Aritmética nos Cadernos de Classe do Ensino Primário dos Hornburg (1950-1968)
Authors: Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa , Fischer Velcidina Rodrigues Chagas
Published: November 2018

O artigo discute questões que envolvem a escola, os alunos, a aritmética e os cadernos de classe da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Professor Henrique Heise, localizada em Jaraguá do Sul/SC, no período de 1950 a 1968. Na problematização, questiona-se o que revelam os cadernos de classe dos irmãos Hornburg, alunos da escola, sobre a aritmética do ensino primário. Como objetivos, propõe-se analisar esses cadernos, para compreender a aritmética desenvolvida na escola, bem como discutir sobre os cadernos de classe e as ações de aritmética presentes no contexto da escola. Justifica-se o estudo, tendo em vista que a análise dos cadernos de classe dos Hornburg possibilita perceber a matemática e as relações que se estabeleceram no cotidiano da escola e que envolveram a aritmética nos saberes elementares propostos para os alunos daquela comunidade. A pesquisa fundamenta-se nos pressupostos da história cultural e é de caráter bibliográfico e documental. Como resultado, pode-se mencionar que nas linhas dos cadernos de classe ficaram assinaladas as marcas dos programas de ensino, as concepções de ensino-aprendizagem desenvolvidas na escola, a cultura escolar e as práticas pedagógicas que envolviam a matemática.
Análise dos livros de geometria indicados nos cursos de licenciatura em matemática
Authors: Ferreira Maridete Brito Cunha , Almouloud Saddo Ag
Published: November 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da análise de livros de geometria plana adotados em cursos de licenciatura em matemática. Especificamente, focalizamos nossa atenção nas tarefas relativas a provas e demonstrações envolvendo o conteúdo ‘quadriláteros’, nos livros selecionados. Diante da Teoria Antropológica do Didático, analisamos os livros escolhidos em termos de tarefa, técnica e bloco teórico-tecnológico, investigando como os autores apresentam o método dedutivo e seus termos próprios e como é feito o estudo dos quadriláteros, tendo como foco as definições e as demonstrações. Nossa análise também foi fundamentada na tipologia de provas em matemática e na Teoria dos Registros de Representações Semióticas. Como procedimento metodológico, utilizamos a coleta e análise de dados bibliográficos. Os resultados do estudo mostram que, nos livros analisados, o tópico ‘quadriláteros’ é abordado de forma superficial e as propriedades são validadas por meio de provas conceituais. Os três livros desenvolvem o conteúdo ‘quadriláteros’ de forma semelhante, em que a abordagem dos conceitos e propriedades é direta, sem utilização de nenhum recurso que leve o aluno a fazer conjecturas. Em vez disso, procedem à formalização, seguida da resolução de problemas.
A noção de derivada parcial: níveis de conhecimento esperados dos estudantes em função das organizações matemáticas e didáticas prescritas
Authors: Dias Marlene Alves , Mateus Pedro , Vieira Alves Francisco Regis
Published: November 2018

Iniciamos este trabalho apresentando nosso objetivo que é compreender as dificuldades apresentadas pelos estudantes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da noção de derivada parcial. Para tal, consideramos como quadro teórico central a abordagem teórica em termos dos três níveis de conhecimento esperados dos estudantes definida por Robert. Apoiamo-nos ainda nas noções de quadro, segundo definição de Douady e na noção de ponto de vista apresentada por Rogalski, além de elementos da Teoria Antropológica do Didático de Chevallard e seus colaboradores. Metodologicamente, consideramos o método da pesquisa documental, que foi desenvolvido por meio de uma grade de análise norteada pelo modelo de Dias. As análises permitem avançar algumas considerações sobre os conhecimentos prévios necessários para a aprendizagem da noção de derivada parcial e suas aplicações, destacando a importância das aplicações em outras ciências que necessitam de atenção específica, uma vez que os conhecimentos associados a estas ciências não são desenvolvidos na educação básica.
Reflexos da formação acadêmica na docência universitária
Authors: Lübeck Kelly Roberta Mazzutti
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo, abordarei alguns dos reflexos da formação acadêmica nas escolhas e nas tomadas de decisões de professores universitários frente aos desafios da profissão docente a nível superior. Como método investigativo utilizarei a investigação pela própria prática por ser considerada uma importante ferramenta que contribui para esclarecer problemas da prática e propor soluções. Assim, através deste relato de experiência, vou listar determinados motivos que levam docentes de formação puramente matemática a buscar respostas aos anseios da profissão em atividades mais voltadas à Educação Matemática.
Software MATLAB no ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática no 8ºano do fundamental: Uma análise analítica e geométrica no ensino de expressões algébricas e sistemas de equações do 1º grau
Authors: Silva Rildenir Ribeiro , Melo Daniel Azevedo , Veras Cartegiane Conceição , Sousa Sandro Wagner
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta a utilização de uma ferramenta computacional para a análise algébrica e geométrica de algumas competências abordadas no ensino da matemática no 8º ano do fundamental 2, as quais desenvolveram uma aprendizagem diferenciada a partir da tecnologia como facilitadora da absorção de conteúdos matemáticos que possuem um grau de dificuldade em suas resoluções analíticas e, por sua vez, possuem uma ausência de representações e interpretações geométricas dos problemas propostos. A Pesquisa visa o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de suporte e apoio ao ensino da matemática, através da construção de objetos virtuais de aprendizagem com o software MATLAB, que é um recurso didático para análise computacional dinâmica, disponível aos usuários com capacidade de realizar simulações em duas ou três dimensões. Como pesquisa bibliográfica para a abordagem dos conteúdos, foram utilizados os conceitos e as definições contidas em Cláudio Marques e Ênio Silveira (2013). Analisando-se à real necessidade de uma aprendizagem significativa, com à ajuda destes recursos que facilitam o aprendizado, verificamos e diagnosticamos que o uso de softwares matemáticos com abordagens geométricas, viabilizam de forma bem proveitosa o ensino das expressões algébricas, o desenvolvimento e análise na resolução de sistemas lineares de 1º grau com um tratamento analítico e geométrico do problema que, de certa forma, veio a promover e motivar o estudo da matemática como um todo, fomentando à pesquisa no ensino fundamental. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, na matemática, necessitamos de ferramentas pedagógicas alternativas e apropriadas para auxiliar na compreensão e entendimento do aluno.
“A matemática, ela assusta um pouco”: crença de autoeficácia e mudança de atitudes de estudantes de Pedagogia a partir da pesquisa na formação inicial
Authors: Ciríaco Klinger Teodoro , Pirola Nelson Antonio
Published: November 2018

Este artigo refere-se a uma investigação, em nível de pós-doutorado, na área da Psicologia da Educação Matemática, desenvolvida junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação para Ciência da Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ – UNESP/Bauru – que teve como objetivo compreender a mudança de atitude em relação à Matemática durante o processo de formação inicial de estudantes da licenciatura em Pedagogia a partir do contato com a pesquisa em Educação Matemática, em seus trabalhos de conclusão de curso (TCC´s). O enquadramento teórico adotado aborda questões ligadas ao papel da pesquisa na formação do professor, crenças e atitudes, como também a aprendizagem da Matemática. A metodologia da pesquisa se inscreve no campo qualitativo em adotou-se a observação participante durante as orientações com as alunas da licenciatura e a narrativa como elemento estruturante da coleta e análise de dados com base em roteiros de entrevistas semiestruturados. Com a conclusão do estudo, foi possível perceber que a aproximação com as recomendações da literatura especializada da área, contribui para o desenvolvimento da autoeficácia, de atitudes positivas e da confiança em relação à Matemática, visando à construção da futura prática pedagógica
Despertando a consciência ambiental na escola por meio da Resolução De Problemas
Authors: Liell Cláudio Cristiano , Bayer Arno
Published: November 2018

O presente estudo, parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, apresenta os resultados do desenvolvimento de situações-problema envolvendo temas ambientais com alunos dos anos finais do ensino fundamental no município de São Sebastião do Cai - RS. Os problemas foram elaborados em uma formação continuada em educação ambiental e educação matemática proporcionada a professores de matemática, abordaram a temática da água, dos resíduos, da poluição, da fauna, da vegetação, da energia, das áreas de preservação permanente - APP e envolveram os conteúdos de regra de três, porcentagem, proporção, operações com números naturais, perímetro, áreas e medidas de comprimento, massa e volume. As situações utilizadas pelos professores participantes da formação e seus alunos, provocaram nos estudantes a percepção da necessidade de reformularem os hábitos e cuidados com o meio ambiente e também, conseguiu despertar o interesse pela matemática, pois ela passou a ser vista por eles, como uma ferramenta útil e indispensável, que pode utilizada e aplicada na resolução de temas variados, dando subsídios para interpretação de fatos que ocorrem ao nosso redor.