bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A randomized, phase II study of the anti‐insulin‐like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF‐1R) monoclonal antibody robatumumab (SCH 717454) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Edward H. , Lenz Heinz‐Josef , Saleh Mansoor N. , Mackenzie Mary J. , Knost James A. , Pathiraja Kumudu , Langdon Ronald B. , Yao Siu‐Long , Lu Brian D.
Published: June 2014

Overexpression of insulin‐like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF‐1R) may promote tumor development and progression in some cancer patients. Our objective was to assess tumor uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose by positron‐emission tomography in patients with chemotherapy‐refractory colorectal cancer treated with an anti‐insulin‐like growth factor receptor type 1 (anti‐IGF‐1R) monoclonal antibody, robatumumab. This was a randomized, open‐label study with two periods (P1 and P2). Patients were randomized 3:1 into treatment arms R/R and C/R that received, respectively, one cycle of 0.3 mg/kg robatumumab or one or more cycles of second‐line chemotherapy in P1, followed in either case by 10 mg/kg robatumumab biweekly in P2. The primary measure of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients in the R/R arm having a mean percent decrease from baseline in SUVmax (DiSUV) greater than 20% 12–14 days postdose in P2. Secondary endpoints included Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)‐defined tumor response and pharmacodynamic measures of target engagement. Among 41 patients who were evaluable for the primary endpoint, seven (17%, 95% CI 7%–32%) had DiSUV greater than 20%. Fifty robatumumab‐treated patients were evaluable for RECIST‐defined tumor response and six (12%) had stable disease lasting greater than or equal to 7 weeks in P2. Pharmacodynamic endpoints indicated target engagement after dosing with 10 mg/kg robatumumab, but not 0.3 mg/kg. The most frequently reported adverse events were fatigue/asthenia, nausea, anorexia, and gastrointestinal disturbances. In this study, few patients with chemotherapy‐refractory colorectal cancer appeared to benefit from treatment with the IGF‐1R antagonist robatumumab.
Stenting of the obstructed ductus venosus as emergency and bridging strategy in a very low birth weight infant with infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Burkhardt Barbara E.U. , Stiller Brigitte , Grohmann Jochen
Published: June 2014

A very low birth weight neonate (1.2 kg) with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and obstructed infracardiac pulmonary venous drainage was treated by stenting of the ductus venosus via a transjugular approach. With one reintervention to dilate an in‐stent stenosis, the palliative stented situation stabilized the patient for as long as three months until definitive surgical correction at a weight of 2 kg. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real world comparison of the MGuard Stent versus the bare metal stent for ST Elevation myocardial infarction (The REWARD‐MI study)
Authors: Fernández‐Cisnal Agustín , Cid‐Álvarez B. , Álvarez‐Álvarez B. , Cubero‐Gómez J.M. , Ocaranza‐Sánchez R. , López‐Otero D. , Souto‐Castro P. , Díaz de la Llera L.S. , Trillo‐Nouche R. , González‐Juanatey J.R.
Published: June 2014

Aim: The MGuard Stent (MGS) was designed to prevent distal embolization of thrombus and has been shown to improve microcirculation in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there are no real world data comparing it with the bare metal stent (BMS). The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of the MGS in STEMI in the real world compared to the BMS.

Methods and Results: In total, 262 patients were included from a single centre, of which 35.9% had an MGS implanted. Two groups of 79 patients were established after propensity score matching, and they were similar in terms of baseline and periprocedural variables. The mean follow‐up was 321 ± 12.94 days. There was no difference in mortality (7.6% in both groups), major adverse cardiac events (20.3% vs. 12.7%, P = 0.198), non‐cardiac mortality, or non‐fatal myocardial infarction (6.3% in both groups). Target lesion revascularization (TLR) was significantly higher in the MGS group (11.4% (9) vs. 1.3% (1) P < 0.01; RR 10.02 [1.23–81.16]).

Conclusion: Our study is the first to compare the MGS with the BMS in STEMI in the real world, and it also appears to confirm that although the MGS is a safe device in STEMI that is not associated with increased mortality, it is associated with a higher long‐term TLR rate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MitraClip for severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation in patients at high surgical risk
Authors: Philip Femi , Athappan Ganesh , Tuzcu E. Murat , Svensson Lars G. , Kapadia Samir R.
Published: June 2014

Background

The optimal treatment of patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) at high surgical risk (HSR) is unknown. Recently, the EVEREST II (Endovascular Valve Edge‐to‐Edge Repair) High Risk Study suggested MitraClip (MC) was a safe and effective treatment option.

Methods

We performed a search strategy for MC or mitral valve surgery (MVS) in patients at HSR for surgical mortality (logistic EuroSCORE >18 or STS score > 10) using Medline databases, proceedings of international meetings, and the STS database. We identified 21 studies utilizing MC (n = 3,198) and MVS (n = 3,265, >90% from the STS database) from 2003 to 2013. Information about patient characteristics, surgical risk, and 30‐day and 1‐year outcomes were extracted.

Results

Patients who underwent MC or MVS had a mean age of 74 ± 10 years with no differences in surgical risk, NYHA class, or MR grade (P = 0.46). Technical success was achieved in 96% of patients undergoing MC versus 98% in the MVS group (P = 0.45). Patients undergoing MC were treated with one or two MC in 90% (n = 2,878) with only a few requiring repeat MC (0.4%, n = 13) or mitral surgery (0.3%, n = 52) at 30 days. The pooled event rates for mortality was 3.2% (95% CI [2.5–4.2]), stroke was 1.1% (95% CI [0.7–0.2]) at 30 days. At 31 days to 1 year, the pooled event rate for mortality was 13.0% [95% CI (9–18.3)], stroke was 1.6% [95% CI (0.8–3.2)], and repeat MVS was 1.3% [95% CI (0.7–2.6)] with the majority of patients in the mild/moderate MR grade and NYHA class after MC. The 30‐day event rates for mortality and stroke were 16.8% (95% CI [14–19]) and 4.5% (95% CI [3.9–5.3]) after MVS, respectively.

Conclusion

Based on high risk MC studies and high risk MVS data predominantly from STS database, patients with severe MR who are at HSR can be effectively treated with MC or MVS. MC can be safely implanted in high risk patients with relatively low mortality and stroke risk. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐year safety and effectiveness of the platinum chromium everolimus‐eluting stent for the treatment of small vessels and longer lesions
Authors: Teirstein Paul S. , Meredith Ian T. , Feldman Robert L. , Rabinowitz A. Charles , Cannon Louis A. , Lee Tommy C. , Dens Joseph , Dubois Christophe L. , Mooney Michael R. , Pompili Vincent J. , Saito Shigeru , Allocco Dominic J. , Dawkins Keith D. , Stone Gregg W.
Published: June 2014

Objectives

To report 1‐ and 2‐year clinical outcomes of patients receiving platinum chromium everolimus‐eluting stents (PtCr‐EES) in the prospective, single‐arm PLATINUM small vessel (SV) and long lesion (LL) studies.

Background

Small vessel diameter and long lesion length are independently associated with increased risk of adverse cardiac events after drug‐eluting stent implantation.

Methods

The PLATINUM SV study enrolled 94 patients with coronary artery lesions in vessels ≥2.25 mm to <2.50 mm in diameter and ≤28 mm in length. The PLATINUM LL study enrolled 102 patients with lesions >24 to ≤34 mm long in vessels ≥2.50 to ≤4.25 mm in diameter. The primary endpoint for both studies was target lesion failure (TLF) at 1 year compared to a prespecified performance goal based on outcomes with the TAXUS Express paclitaxel‐eluting stent in small vessels and long lesions.

Results

One‐year TLF rates with the PtCr‐EES were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the predetermined performance goals: 2.4% versus 21.1% in the SV cohort and 3.2% versus 19.4% in the LL cohort. Cumulative rates of TLF to 2 years were 4.7% in the SV cohort and 8.8% in the LL cohort. No myocardial infarction or ARC definite/probable stent thromboses occurred in either cohort through 2‐year follow‐up.

Conclusions

The clinical efficacy and safety outcomes observed in these small vessel and long lesion cohorts support the use of the PtCr‐EES in the treatment of small diameter vessels and long lesions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intravenous xenogeneic transplantation of human adipose‐derived stem cells improves left ventricular function and microvascular integrity in swine myocardial infarction model
Authors: Hong Soon Jun , Rogers Pamela I. , Kihlken John , Warfel Jessica , Bull Chris , Deuter‐Reinhard Maja , Feng Dongni , Xie Jie , Kyle Aaron , Merfeld‐Clauss Stephanie , Johnstone Brian H. , Traktuev Dmitry O. , Chen Peng‐Sheng , Lindner Jonathan R. , March Keith L.
Published: June 2014

Objectives

The potential for beneficial effects of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular dysfunction in myocardial ischemia (MI) has not been tested following intravenous delivery.

Methods

Surviving pigs following induction of MI were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 different groups: the placebo group (n = 7), the single bolus group (SB) (n = 7, 15 × 107 ASCs), or the divided dose group (DD) (n = 7, 5 × 107 ASCs/day for three consecutive days). Myocardial perfusion defect area and coronary flow reserve (CFR) were compared during the 28‐day follow‐up. Also, serial changes in the absolute number of circulating CD4+T and CD8+T cells were measured.

Results

The increases in ejection fraction were significantly greater in both the SB and the DD groups compared to the placebo group (5.4 ± 0.9%, 3.7 ± 0.7%, and −0.4 ± 0.6%, respectively), and the decrease in the perfusion defect area was significantly greater in the SB group than the placebo group (−36.3 ± 1.8 and −11.5 ± 2.8). CFR increased to a greater degree in the SB and the DD groups than in the placebo group (0.9 ± 0.2, 0.8 ± 0.1, and 0.2 ± 0.2, respectively). The circulating number of CD8+T cells was significantly greater in the SB and DD groups than the placebo group at day 7 (3,687 ± 317/µL, 3,454 ± 787/µL, and 1,928 ± 457/µL, respectively). The numbers of small vessels were significantly greater in the SB and the DD groups than the placebo group in the peri‐infarct area.

Conclusions

Both intravenous SB and DD delivery of ASCs are effective modalities for the treatment of MI in swine. Intravenous delivery of ASCs, with its immunomodulatory and angiogenic effects, is an attractive noninvasive approach for myocardial rescue. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Importance of guiding catheter disengagement during measurement of fractional flow reserve in patients with an isolated proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis
Authors: Aminian Adel , Dolatabadi Dariouch , Lefebvre Pascal , Khalil Georges , Zimmerman Robert , Michalakis Georges , Lalmand Jacques
Published: June 2014

Objective

To determine the impact of ostial guiding catheter disengagement during measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in patients with an isolated proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis.

Methods

Measurements of FFR were performed in 21 patients with an isolated intermediate lesion of the proximal LAD. Proximal aortic pressure (Pa), distal post stenotic pressure (Pd), and Pd/Pa were recorded at baseline, after at least 90 sec of intravenous (IV) adenosine infusion with the guiding catheter still engaged in the coronary ostium (Pa1, Pd1, FFReng), and after at least 30 sec of guiding catheter disengagement back to the aorta (Pa2, Pd2, FFRdis).

Results

The average value of Pd/Pa at baseline was 0.92 ± 0.04. After 110 ± 8 sec of IV adenosine infusion, FFReng was 0.81 ± 0.07, which decreased to 0.77 ± 0.08 (FFRdis) after 38 ± 6 sec of guiding catheter disengagement. The mean ΔFFR (FFReng − FFRdis) was 0.05 ± 0.04. As compared to baseline values, the mean change in FFR values was significantly increased after disengagement of the guiding catheter (Pd/Pabaseline − FFRdis vs. Pd/Pabaseline − FFReng, 0.15 ± 0.05 vs. 0.10 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001). Before guiding catheter disengagement, eight patients (38%) had an FFR value ≤ 0.8. Following disengagement of the guiding catheter, the new FFR values decreased below 0.8 in six additional patients (28%), with subsequent change in treatment strategy.

Conclusions

During FFR assessment of isolated intermediate proximal LAD lesions, guiding catheter disengagement is associated with a decrease in mean FFR values. In patients with FFR values lying close to the treatment threshold, this can have an impact on treatment strategy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of early clinical outcomes between ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold and everolimus‐eluting stent implantation in a real‐world population
Authors: Costopoulos Charis , Latib Azeem , Naganuma Toru , Miyazaki Tadashi , Sato Katsumasa , Figini Filippo , Sticchi Alessandro , Carlino Mauro , Chieffo Alaide , Montorfano Matteo , Colombo Antonio
Published: June 2014

Objectives

To compare the early clinical outcomes between ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) and cobalt chromium everolimus‐eluting stents in real‐world patients with mostly complex disease.

Background

BVS represents the most interesting development in the drug‐eluting stent field over recent years with promising results emerging from clinical trials. Available data however on the use of the ABSORB in real‐world patients is limited.

Methods

All patients (n = 92) treated with BVS and 1296 patients treated with EES were included in this study. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for differences in baseline clinical characteristics, yielding 92 patient pairs (BVS = 92 patients with 137 lesions and EES = 92 patients with 124 lesions). Clinical outcomes were examined between the 2 groups at 6‐months.

Results

In both groups, most lesions were classified as either B2 or C (83.9% vs. 77.4%, P = 0.19). Predilatation (97.8% vs. 75.8%, P < 0.01) as well as postdilation (99.3% vs. 77.4%, P < 0.01) was more common in the BVS group. Clinical outcomes at 6‐months were similar between the two groups with respect to both target lesion revascularization (3.3% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.41) and major adverse cardiac events (defined as the composite of target vessel revascularization, follow‐up myocardial infraction and all‐cause death) (3.3% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.19).

Conclusions

ABSORB BVS for the treatment of complex lesions appears to be associated with good procedural and early clinical outcomes similar to those observed with conventional drug‐eluting stents. Larger studies with long‐term follow‐up are required in order to fully assess the role of BVS in the treatment of such lesions and how this compares with that of conventional stents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Easy Access to Ni3N– and Ni–Carbon Nanocomposite Catalysts
Authors: Clavel Guylhaine , Molinari Valerio , Kraupner Alexander , Giordano Cristina
Published: June 2014

In the search for alternative materials to current expensive catalysts, Ni has been addressed as one of the most promising and, on this trail, its corresponding nitride. However, nickel nitride is a thermally unstable compound, and therefore not easy to prepare especially as nanoparticles. In the present work, a sol–gel‐based process (the urea glass route) is applied to prepare well‐defined and homogeneous Ni3N and Ni nanoparticles. In both cases, the prepared crystalline nanoparticles (∼25 nm) are dispersed in a carbon matrix forming interesting Ni3N‐ and Ni‐based composites. These nanocomposites were characterised by means of several techniques, such as XRD, HR‐TEM, EELS, and the reaction mechanism was investigated by TGA and IR and herein discussed. The catalytic activity of Ni3N is investigated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, for hydrogenation reactions involving H2, and here compared to the one of Ni. Both materials show good catalytic activities but, interestingly, give a different selectivity between different functional groups (namely, nitro, alkene and nitrile groups).
Direct Assembly of 2‐Oxazolidinones by Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Niemi Teemu , Perea‐Buceta Jesus E. , Fernández Israel , Alakurtti Sami , Rantala Erika , Repo Timo
Published: June 2014

The reaction of β‐ and γ‐haloamines with carbon dioxide to give pharmaceutically relevant 2‐oxazolidinones and 1,3‐dioxazin‐2‐ones, was found to proceed efficiently in the presence of a base and in the absence of catalyst. After optimization of reaction conditions, the system was successfully expanded to a variety of haloamines, even at multigram scale. The reaction was further studied in silico by DFT calculations.
Synthesis of Spirocyclic Enones by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dearomatizing Oxidative Annulation of 2‐Alkenylphenols with Alkynes and Enynes
Authors: Kujawa Szymon , Best Daniel , Burns David J. , Lam Hon Wai
Published: June 2014

The dearomatizing oxidative annulation of 2‐alkenylphenols with alkynes and enynes proceeds with high yields and regioselectivities under RhIII catalysis. These reactions are successful using Cu(OAc)2 or air as the stoichiometric oxidant, and provide spirocyclic enones, the basic ring system of which appears in several natural products. Application of this process to the preparation of a highly functionalized tetracycle is also demonstrated.
Glühlampen und Chemiefasern
Authors: Vogler Herbert
Published: June 2014

Zu den Erfindungen, die das tägliche Leben maßgebend veränderten, zählt die Glühlampe. Nach häufig zu hörender Meinung ist Thomas Alva Edison diese wichtige Erfindung zu verdanken. Dass die Glühlampe auch einen zweiten Erfinder, nämlich Joseph Wilson Swan hat, bleibt oft unerwähnt. Lediglich in seiner Heimat England gilt Swan als Erfinder, Edison wird dort in diesem Zusammenhang oft übersehen – in Amerika ist es genau umgekehrt, dort ist selbstverständlich Edison der alleinige Erfinder. Wer war es denn nun?
Wie Jugendliche die Chemie sehen
Authors: Pietsch Sebastian , Barke Hans‐Dieter
Published: June 2014

“Der Chemielehrer ist vermutlich der einzige, der zu Beginn seines Unterrichts vor eine Klasse treten muss, die sich ihre Meinung über den Wert oder besser Unwert des Faches gemacht hat, welches nun auf sie zukommt. Das bewusste oder unbewusste Gefühl, sozusagen aus der Defensive heraus lehren zu müssen, wirkt sich auf Form und Inhalt seines Unterrichts aus”. Heilbronner und Wyss [1] hatten zu Beginn der 1980er Jahre durch empirische Erhebungen festgestellt, dass die Einstellungen vieler Jugendlicher zur Chemie sehr negativ waren. Wie sieht es heute aus?
Partitioning the sources of demographic variation reveals density‐dependent nest predation in an island bird population
Authors: Sofaer Helen R. , Sillett T. Scott , Langin Kathryn M. , Morrison Scott A. , Ghalambor Cameron K.
Published: June 2014

Ecological factors often shape demography through multiple mechanisms, making it difficult to identify the sources of demographic variation. In particular, conspecific density can influence both the strength of competition and the predation rate, but density‐dependent competition has received more attention, particularly among terrestrial vertebrates and in island populations. A better understanding of how both competition and predation contribute to density‐dependent variation in fecundity can be gained by partitioning the effects of density on offspring number from its effects on reproductive failure, while also evaluating how biotic and abiotic factors jointly shape demography. We examined the effects of population density and precipitation on fecundity, nest survival, and adult survival in an insular population of orange‐crowned warblers (Oreothlypis celata) that breeds at high densities and exhibits a suite of traits suggesting strong intraspecific competition. Breeding density had a negative influence on fecundity, but it acted by increasing the probability of reproductive failure through nest predation, rather than through competition, which was predicted to reduce the number of offspring produced by successful individuals. Our results demonstrate that density‐dependent nest predation can underlie the relationship between population density and fecundity even in a high‐density, insular population where intraspecific competition should be strong.
Synthesis of Magnetic Fe3O4@C Nanoparticles Modified with –SO3H and –COOH Groups for Fast Removal of Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+ Ions
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Geng Zhirong , Zhang Zhiyang , Ren Lianbing , Tao Tingxian , Yang Renchun , Guo Zuxiang
Published: June 2014

Core–shell magnetic Fe3O4@C nanoparticles functionalized with sulfonic and carboxylic acid groups were synthesized and employed to capture heavy metal ions in aqueous media. The Fe3O4 cores possess unique magnetic properties for adsorbent separation, and the –SO3H and –COOH groups attached to the surface of the carbon shells determine the efficiency of heavy metal ion removal. Batch adsorption experiments showed that Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+ ions can be completely and quickly removed by the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles. The equilibrium was established within 5 min, and the maximum adsorption capacities of the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles toward Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+ ions were 90.7, 83.1, and 39.7 mg/g, respectively. The removal efficiencies were 96.3, 98.1, and 93.8 % for Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+ ions, respectively. This work provides a facile and general approach to synthesize magnetic functional nanocomposites for wastewater treatment.
Synthesis of a Fully Conjugated Phthalocyanine‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Phthalocyanine Triad as Low Band Gap Donor in Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Molina Desiré , Guerrero Antonio , Garcia‐Belmonte Germà , Fernández‐Lázaro Fernando , Sastre‐Santos Ángela
Published: June 2014

We describe the synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a fully conjugated phthalocyanine‐diketopyrrolopyrrole‐phthalocyanine triad (ZnPc‐DPP‐ZnPc) that presents strong visible absorption from 400 to 900 nm. The synthesis of the phthalocyanine with full conjugation to diketopyrrolopyrrole provides access to a new family of low band gap materials (<1.6 eV). Organic solar cells employing bulk heterojunction ZnPc‐DPP‐ZnPc:PC70BM films using MoO3 as anodic interfacial layer (IFL) show a power conversion efficiency of 1.04 %. The power conversion efficiency decreases considerably by using PEDOT:PSS as interfacial layer as a consequence of protonation of the ZnPc.
Selective Bi‐directional Amide Bond Cleavage ofN‐Methylcysteinyl Peptide
Authors: Qiu Yibo , Hemu Xinya , Liu Ding Xiang , Tam James P.
Published: June 2014

A selective bi‐directional peptide bond cleavage mediated byN‐methylcysteine (MeCys) in Xaa‐MeCys‐Yaa peptides (Xaa and Yaa, non‐cysteine residues) leading to thioesters and thiolactones is described. Rate and product analyses showed that an Nα‐amide bond cleavage occurred at the Xaa‐MeCys bond by an N–S acyl shift to generate an Xaa‐S‐(MeCys‐Yaa) thioester at pH 1–5, whereas under strongly acidic conditions ofH0= –5, the MeCys‐Yaa bond underwent a Cα‐amide bond cleavage via an oxazolone intermediate, which was trapped by thiocresol (TC) as an Xaa‐MeCys‐TC thioester. This thioester was then transformed into an Xaa‐MeCys‐β‐thiolactone at pH 4–5. Replacing MeCys by a Cys residue did not result in significant bi‐directional peptide bond cleavage, which suggests thatN‐methylation in a MeCys residue is important for the N–S acyl shift reaction and formation of oxazolone. The isomerization of amides and thioesters was successfully used to prepare cyclic peptides.
Place field stability requires the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5
Authors: Zhang Sijie , Manahan‐Vaughan Denise
Published: June 2014

The metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are critically involved in enabling the persistency of forms of synaptic plasticity that are believed to underlie hippocampus‐dependent memory. These receptors and in particular, mGlu5, are also required for hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. In the hippocampus, synaptic plasticity is one of the mechanisms by which spatial information may be represented. Another mechanism involves increased firing of place cells. Place cells increase their firing activity when an animal is in a specific spatial location. Inhibition of factors that are essential for synaptic plasticity, such as N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors or protein synthesis, also impair place cell activity. This raises the question as to whether mGlu receptors, that are so important for synaptic plasticity and spatial memory, are also important for place cell encoding. We examined location‐dependent place cell firing i.e. place fields. We observed that antagonism of mGlu5, using 2‐methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP) had no effect on place field profiles in a familiar environment. However, in a novel environment mGlu5‐antagonism affected long‐term place field stability, reduced place cell firing and spatial information. These data strongly suggest a role for mGlu5 in the mechanisms underlying informational content and long‐term stability of place fields, and add to evidence supporting the importance of these receptors for hippocampal function. © 2014 The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of low‐ and high‐frequency oscillations in the human hippocampus for encoding environmental novelty during a spatial navigation task
Authors: Park Jinsick , Lee Hojong , Kim Taekyung , Park Ga Young , Lee Eun Mi , Baek Seunghee , Ku Jeonghun , Kim In Young , Kim Sun I. , Jang Dong Pyo , Kang Joong Koo
Published: June 2014

The hippocampus plays a key role in the encoding and retrieval of information related to novel environments during spatial navigation. However, the neural basis for these processes in the human hippocampus remains unknown because it is difficult to directly measure neural signals in the human hippocampus. This study investigated hippocampal neural oscillations involved in encoding novel environments during spatial navigation in a virtual environment. Seven epileptic patients with implanted intracranial hippocampal depth electrodes performed three sessions of virtual environment navigation. Each session consisted of a navigation task and a location‐recall task. The navigation task consisted of eight blocks, and in each block, the participant navigated to the location of four different objects and was instructed to remember the location of the objects. After the eight blocks were completed, a location‐recall task was performed for each of the four objects. Intracranial electroencephalography data were monitored during the navigation tasks. Theta (5–8 Hz) and delta (1–4 Hz) oscillations were lower in the first block (novel environment) than in the eighth block (familiar environment) of the navigation task, and significantly increased from block one to block eight. By contrast, low‐gamma (31–50 Hz) oscillations were higher in the first block than in the eighth block of the navigation task, and significantly decreased from block one to block eight. Comparison of sessions with high recall performance (low error between identified and actual object location) and low recall performance revealed that high‐gamma (51–100 Hz) oscillations significantly decreased from block one to block eight only in sessions with high recall performance. These findings suggest that delta, theta, and low‐gamma oscillations were associated with encoding of environmental novelty and high‐gamma oscillations were important for the successful encoding of environmental novelty. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of hydropeaking on hyporheic interactions based on field experiments
Authors: Casas‐Mulet Roser , Alfredsen Knut , Hamududu Byman , Timalsina Netra Prasad
Published: June 2014

Hydropeaking power production has the potential to pose serious challenges towards hydrology, water quality and ecology in the downstream water bodies. The effects of such abrupt changes of flow in hyporheic exchange have been explored in a few cases in the literature. This paper extends previous works with a study of finer time resolution in a river of a smaller size and with different climatic characteristics, adding to the current knowledge of peaking‐hyporheic interactions. A high‐frequency logging field experiment measuring hyporheic flow and temperature was conducted on a ~30 × 20 m gravel bar frequently exposed to dry conditions because of fast and abrupt flow changes. This study demonstrates that hyporheic processes are sensitive to hydropeaking with respect to rates of change, durations and temperature. Differences BETWEEN individual events, seasons, watering and dewatering processes and positions in the river bed that can be potentially relevant to ecology were investigated. Understanding the complexity of those processes at the fine scale from the physical point of view is both important for the judgement of potential ecological impacts and for the future management of such regulated systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoelectric Materials: A Brief Historical Survey from Metal Junctions and Inorganic Semiconductors to Organic Polymers
Authors: Taroni Prospero J. , Hoces Itziar , Stingelin Natalie , Heeney Martin , Bilotti Emiliano
Published: June 2014

The use of thermoelectric technology is attractive in many potential applications, such as energy scavenging from waste heat. The basic principles for harvesting electricity from a temperature gradient were first discovered around 180 years ago, but the contemporary technology utilising inorganic semiconductors was only developed since the early 1950s. The widespread use of this platform has so far been limited by a combination of relatively low efficiency in energy conversion or by issues related to the utilisation of rare, expensive and/or toxic elements that can be difficult to process. Recently much interest has been focused on the use of organic materials in thermoelectric devices, prompted by the possibility of developing large‐area, low‐cost devices. Considerable research in the last 20 years has been focused on understanding and improving organic thermoelectric properties, with remarkable progress recently published for compounds such as PEDOT and others. Here we provide an overview into thermoelectricity, from the initial discoveries made by Johann Seebeck to modern practical applications including the current trends in organic thermoelectric research.
The Mechanism of Operation of Lateral and Vertical Organic Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Ben‐Sasson Ariel J. , Greenman Michael , Roichman Yohai , Tessler Nir
Published: June 2014

In this contribution, we describe the working principles of organic field effect transistors. To place it in context, we start with a brief description of some aspects of semiconductor field effect transistors. We then describe the standard structure and properties of laterally aligned field effect transistors and at the end, touch upon some properties of the newly developed vertically stacked field effect transistors.
Field‐Effect Mobility, Morphology and Electroluminescence of a Semiconductor Based on a DPPQuaterfluorene Quadrupolar Linear Conjugated System
Authors: Arumugam Sasikumar , Brown Roisin E. , Orofino‐Pena Clara , Findlay Neil J. , Inigo Anto Regis , Kanibolotsky Alexander L. , Skabara Peter J.
Published: June 2014

An organic semiconductor, expressed as a quadrupolar linear conjugated system (DPP Linear‐c), consisting of a 1,4‐diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (DPP) central unit and two quaterfluorenylphenyl arms at the 3‐ and 6‐positions of the DPP fragment, is studied in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). The strong propensity of DPP Linear‐c to aggregate in the solid state favours the hole mobility of the semiconductor due to the alignment of HOMOs in the aggregates. The fabrication of OFETs from this novel p‐type semiconductor is reported, using different dielectrics to evaluate their effect on the overall device performance. Despite its aggregation, DPP Linear‐c remains luminescent in the solid state. Electroluminescence of a non‐optimised OLED fabricated from this material is demonstrated.
Comparative genotoxicity of nanosilver in human liver HepG2 and colon Caco2 cells evaluated by fluorescent microscopy of cytochalasin B‐blocked micronucleus formation
Authors: Sahu Saura C. , Roy Shambhu , Zheng Jiwen , Yourick Jeffrey J. , Sprando Robert L.
Published: June 2014

As a consequence of the increased use of silver nanoparticles in food, food contact materials, dietary supplements and cosmetics to prevent fungal and bacterial growth, there is a need for validated rapid screening methods to assess the safety of nanoparticle exposure. This study evaluated two widely usedin vitrocell culture models, human liver HepG2 cells and human colon Caco2 cells, as tools for assessing the potential genotoxicity of 20‐nm nanosilver. The average silver nanoparticle size as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was 20.4 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed no large agglomeration of the silver nanoparticles. The silver concentration in a 20‐nm nanosilver solution determined by the inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis was 0.962 mg ml−1. Analysis by ICP‐MS and TEM demonstrated the uptake of 20‐nm silver by both HepG2 and Caco2 cells. Genotoxicity was determined by the cytochalasin B‐blocked micronucleus assay with acridine orange staining and fluorescence microscopy. Concentration‐ and time‐dependent increases in the frequency of binucleated cells with micronuclei induced by the nanosilver was observed in the concentration range of 0.5 to 15 µg ml−1in both HepG2 and Caco2 cells compared with the control. Our results indicated that HepG2 cells were more sensitive than Caco2 cells in terms of micronuclei formation induced by nanosilver exposure. In summary, the results of this study indicate that the widely usedin vitromodels, HepG2 and Caco2 cells in culture, represent potential screening models for prediction of genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles byin vitromicronucleus assay. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Salinomycin Suppresses LRP6 Expression and Inhibits Both Wnt/β‐catenin and mTORC1 Signaling in Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Lu Wenyan , Li Yonghe
Published: June 2014

Emerging evidence indicates that activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling at the cell surface results in inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), leading to activation of mTORC1 signaling in cancer cells. The low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐6 (LRP6) is an essential Wnt co‐receptor for Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Salinomycin is a novel small molecule inhibitor of LRP6. In the present study, we found that LRP6 overexpression induced mTORC1 signaling activation in cancer cells, and that salinomycin was not only a potent Wnt/β‐catenin signaling inhibitor, but also a strong mTORC1 signaling antagonist in breast and prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, salinomycin activated GSK3β in cancer cells. Moreover, salinomycin was able to suppress the expression of cyclin D1 and survivin, two targets of both Wnt/β‐catenin and mTORC1 signaling, in prostate and breast cancer cells, and displayed remarkable anticancer activity. Our results present novel mechanisms underlying salinomycin‐mediated cancer cell death. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1799–1807, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein Kinase A Regulates the Osteogenic Activity of Osterix
Authors: He Siyuan , Choi You Hee , Choi Joong‐Kook , Yeo Chang‐Yeol , Chun ChangJu , Lee Kwang Youl
Published: June 2014

Osterix belongs to the SP gene family and is a core transcription factor responsible for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Activation of protein kinase A (PKA), a serine/threonine kinase, is essential for controlling bone formation and BMP‐induced osteoblast differentiation. However, the relationship between Osterix and PKA is still unclear. In this report, we investigated the precise role of the PKA pathway in regulating Osterix during osteoblast differentiation. We found that PKA increased the protein level of Osterix; PKA phosphorylated Osterix, increased protein stability, and enhanced the transcriptional activity of Osterix. These results suggest that Osterix is a novel target of PKA, and PKA modulates osteoblast differentiation partially through the regulation of Osterix. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1808–1815, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐Resolution Molecular Validation of Self‐Renewal and Spontaneous Differentiation in Clinical‐Grade Adipose‐Tissue Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Dudakovic Amel , Camilleri Emily , Riester Scott M. , Lewallen Eric A. , Kvasha Sergiy , Chen Xiaoyue , Radel Darcie J. , Anderson Jarett M. , Nair Asha A. , Evans Jared M. , Krych Aaron J. , Smith Jay , Deyle David R. , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S. , Im Hee‐Jeong , Cool Simon M. , Westendorf Jennifer J. , Kakar Sanjeev , Dietz Allan B. , van Wijnen Andre J.
Published: June 2014

Improving the effectiveness of adipose‐tissue derived human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AMSCs) for skeletal therapies requires a detailed characterization of mechanisms supporting cell proliferation and multi‐potency. We investigated the molecular phenotype of AMSCs that were either actively proliferating in platelet lysate or in a basal non‐proliferative state. Flow cytometry combined with high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNASeq) and RT‐qPCR analyses validate that AMSCs express classic mesenchymal cell surface markers (e.g., CD44, CD73/NT5E, CD90/THY1, and CD105/ENG). Expression of CD90 is selectively elevated at confluence. Self‐renewing AMSCs express a standard cell cycle program that successively mediates DNA replication, chromatin packaging, cyto‐architectural enlargement, and mitotic division. Confluent AMSCs preferentially express genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and cellular communication. For example, cell cycle‐related biomarkers (e.g., cyclins E2 and B2, transcription factor E2F1) and histone‐related genes (e.g., H4, HINFP, NPAT) are elevated in proliferating AMSCs, while ECM genes are strongly upregulated (>10‐fold) in quiescent AMSCs. AMSCs also express pluripotency genes (e.g., POU5F1, NANOG, KLF4) and early mesenchymal markers (e.g., NES, ACTA2) consistent with their multipotent phenotype. Strikingly, AMSCs modulate expression of WNT signaling components and switch production of WNT ligands (from WNT5A/WNT5B/WNT7B to WNT2/WNT2B), while upregulating WNT‐related genes (WISP2, SFRP2, and SFRP4). Furthermore, post‐proliferative AMSCs spontaneously express fibroblastic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic biomarkers when maintained in confluent cultures. Our findings validate the biological properties of self‐renewing and multi‐potent AMSCs by providing high‐resolution quality control data that support their clinical versatility. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1816–1828, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fusarium species, chemotype characterisation and trichothecene contamination of durum and soft wheat in an area of central Italy
Authors: Covarelli Lorenzo , Beccari Giovanni , Prodi Antonio , Generotti Silvia , Etruschi Federico , Juan Cristina , Ferrer Emilia , Mañes Jordi
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat is an important disease causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. The aim of the work was to detect and characterise trichothecene producing Fusarium species in durum and soft wheat cultivated in an area of central Italy in 2009 and 2010 and to determine trichothecene contamination by LC‐MS/MS in the grain.

RESULTS

F. graminearum s. str. was the most frequent species. In 2009, the occurrence of F. avenaceum and F. poae was higher than in 2010. Among F. graminearum strains, the 15‐acetyl deoxynivalenol (15‐ADON) chemotype could be found more frequently, followed by nivalenol (NIV) and 3‐ADON chemotypes, while all F. culmorum isolates belonged to the 3‐ADON chemotype. All F. poae strains were NIV chemotypes. In vitro trichothecene production confirmed molecular characterisation. Durum wheat was characterised by a higher average DON contamination with respect to soft wheat, NIV was always detected at appreciable levels while type‐A trichothecenes were mostly found in durum wheat samples in 2009 with 6% of samples exceeding the contamination level recently recommended by the European Union.

CONCLUSION

Climatic conditions were confirmed to be predominant factors influencing mycotoxigenic species composition and mycotoxin contaminations. However, NIV contamination was found to occur irrespective of climatic conditions, suggesting that it may often represent an under‐estimated risk to be further investigated. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Consequences of Delayed Dental Extraction in Lesch‐Nyhan Disease
Authors: Goodman Emily M. , Torres Rosa J. , Puig Juan G. , Jinnah Hyder A.
Published: June 2014

Patients with Lesch‐Nyhan disease (LND) often engage in self‐injurious biting. This problem requires difficult management choices, sometimes including removal of the teeth. Although many health care professionals are reluctant to remove teeth in a child because of the permanent negative cosmetic consequences of the edentulous state, disfigurement of the face and tongue from self‐biting can be worse. We analyzed the records of 5LNDpatients who used mouth guards to spare the teeth. Success was variable, and dental extraction ultimately was required in 4 cases. We also reviewed previously published cases on the use of dental devices to spare teeth inLND. Various devices have been recommended, but failure rates are high, and tooth extraction often is still needed. Although dental extraction is not required in all cases, it should not be delayed when biting is severe.
Exome analysis identifies Brody myopathy in a family diagnosed with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility
Authors: Sambuughin Nyamkhishig , Zvaritch Elena , Kraeva Natasha , Sizova Olga , Sivak Erica , Dickson Kelley , Weglinski Margaret , Capacchione John , Muldoon Sheila , Riazi Sheila , Hamilton Susan , Brandom Barbara , MacLennan David H.
Published: June 2014

Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to determine the primary cause of muscle disorder in a family diagnosed with a mild, undetermined myopathy and malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility (MHS). WES revealed the compound heterozygous mutations, p.Ile235Asn and p.Glu982Lys, in ATP2A1, encoding the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase type 1 (SERCA1), a calcium pump, expressed in fast‐twitch muscles. Recessive mutations in ATP2A1 are known to cause Brody myopathy, a rare muscle disorder characterized by exercise‐induced impairment of muscle relaxation and stiffness. Analyses of affected muscles showed the absence of SERCA1, but SERCA2 upregulation in slow and fast myofibers, suggesting a compensatory mechanism that partially restores the diminished Ca2+ transport in Brody myopathy. This compensatory adaptation to the lack of SERCA1 Ca2+ pumping activity within the muscle explains, in part, the mild course of disease in our patient. Diagnosis of MHS in this family was secondary to a loss of SERCA1 due to disease‐associated mutations. Although there are obvious differences in clinical expression and molecular mechanisms between MH and Brody myopathy, a feature common to both conditions is elevated myoplasmic Ca2+ content. Prolonged intracellular Ca2+ elevation is likely to have led to MHS diagnosis in vitro and postoperative MH‐like symptoms in Brody patient.
Factors associated with concordance between parental‐reported use and dispensed asthma drugs in adolescents: findings from the BAMSE birth cohort
Authors: Dahlén Elin , Almqvist Catarina , Bergström Anna , Wettermark Björn , Kull Inger
Published: June 2014

Purpose

Pharmacological treatment is important in asthma care, but there are methodological challenges in measuring how drugs are used by patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the concordance between register data on dispensed drugs and parental‐reported use of asthma drugs in adolescents.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study comparing data on dispensed drugs from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register with data on parental‐reported use of asthma drugs among 3 316 adolescents (age 11–14 years) in a population‐based birth cohort in Sweden. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predicted value for different time windows (3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months) for dispensing in the register were computed. Logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with concordance.

Results

The prevalence of parental‐reported use of asthma drugs in the past year was 10.7% (n = 356) compared with 8.1% (n = 269) for dispensed drugs according to the register (p ≤ 0.001). The sensitivity increased with an extended time window in the register, whereas the specificity remained high up to 18 months. Although 90% of the adolescents with asthma had parental‐reported use of asthma drugs, 30% of them had no such drugs dispensed in the preceding 18 months. The highest concordance was seen for adolescents with severe asthma (OR 4.6, CI 1.2–17.6).

Conclusions

An 18‐month window is preferable when using dispensing data to study the use of asthma drugs. Still, many adolescents with reported drug use had not purchased any asthma drug in this period. The concordance between parental‐reported use and dispensed drugs is higher for adolescents with severe asthma. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric psycho‐oncology care: standards, guidelines, and consensus reports
Authors: Wiener Lori , Viola Adrienne , Koretski Julia , Perper Emily Diana , Patenaude Andrea Farkas
Published: June 2014

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify existing guidelines, standards, or consensus‐based reports for psychosocial care of children with cancer and their families.

Purpose

Psychosocial standards of care for children with cancer can systematize the approach to care and create a replicable model that can be utilized in pediatric hospitals around the world. Determining gaps in existing standards in pediatric psycho‐oncology can guide development of useful evidence‐based and consensus‐based standards.

Methods

The MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched by investigators at two major pediatric oncology centers for existing guidelines, consensus‐based reports, or standards for psychosocial care of patients with pediatric cancer and their families published in peer‐reviewed journals in English between 1980 and 2013.

Results

We located 27 articles about psychosocial care that met inclusion criteria: 5 set forth standards, 19 were guidelines, and 3 were consensus‐based reports. None was sufficiently up to date, comprehensive, specific enough, or evidence‐ or consensus‐based to serve as a current standard for psychosocial care for children with cancer and their families.

Conclusion

Despite calls by a number of international pediatric oncology and psycho‐oncology professional organizations about the urgency of addressing the psychosocial needs of the child with cancer to reduce suffering, there remains a need for development of a widely acceptable, evidence‐based and consensus‐based, comprehensive standard of care to guide provision of essential psychosocial services to all patients with pediatric cancer. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.