bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Mesenchymal Cells Indeed Pluripotent Stem Cells or Just Stromal Cells? OCT-4 and VSELs Biology Has Led to Better Understanding
Authors: Bhartiya Deepa
Published: September 2013

Stem cells have excited researchers because of their potential to regenerate. However, which stem cells will be the best candidate for regenerative medicine remains an enigma. Compared to pluripotent stem cells with associated risks of immune rejection and teratoma formation, adult stem cells especially the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are hyped to be a suitable alternate since they also exhibit pluripotent properties. This review shows that there is a subpopulation of pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) among MSCs culture. The two populations differ from each other in expression pattern of OCT-4. VSELs exhibit nuclear OCT-4A, whereas the MSCs have cytoplasmic OCT-4B, similar to our earlier findings in testis and ovary. Pluripotent VSELs with nuclear OCT-4A exist in various adult body organs, and the immediate progenitors express cytoplasmic OCT-4B which is eventually lost as the cell differentiates further. To conclude it is essential to discriminate between nuclear and cytoplasmic OCT-4 expression and also to acknowledge the presence of VSELs.
Surgical Extirpation of Glomus Tumor from Rare Localization on the Upper Extremity
Authors: Hrubý Jan , Novotný Robert , Špaček Miroslav , Mitáš Petr , Hlubocký Jaroslav , Janák David , Povýšil Ctibor , Lindner Jaroslav
Published: September 2013

Objective. To report on a very rare case of a glomus tumor manifested on the upper arm in a healthy young male patient.Case Presentation and Intervention. A 22-year-old male patient presented with bluish multifocal venous malformation on the left upper arm and was admitted for venous malformation excision. Pain, discomfort, and upper arm paraesthesia had been present for almost 6 years. Ultrasonography revealed septet tumor without blood flow in the subcutaneous region of anterior aspect of the upper arm. A multifocal venous malformation approximately 5–10 mm in diameter was excised. Histological examination showed dilated vascular area with proliferated glomus cells with round nucleus in the wall of dilated vascular structures. Based on histological examination, the final diagnosis was made as “glomangioma.”Conclusion. Histological examination is the only method that can establish final diagnosis. Currently, the only available treatment for this type of tumor is surgical excision.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control of a Novel Class of Fractional Chaotic Systems
Authors: Yuan Jian , Shi Bao , Ji Wenqiang
Published: September 2013

Recently, control and synchronization of fractional chaotic systems have increasingly attracted much attention in the fractional control community. In this paper we introduce a novel class of fractional chaotic systems in the pseudo state space and propose an adaptive sliding mode control scheme to stabilize the chaotic systems in the presence of uncertainties and external disturbances whose bounds are unknown. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive sliding mode control technique, numerical simulations of control design of fractional Lorenz's system and Chen's system are presented.
A Framework for Robust Address Assignment in WSNs Whispering to Avoid Intruders
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos , Anastácio Ivo , Costa André , Baptista Marcia
Published: September 2013

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming bigger, and with this growth comes the need for new automatic mechanisms for initializations done by hand. One of those mechanisms is the assignment of addresses to nodes. Several solutions were already proposed for mobile ad hoc networks but they either (i) do not scale well for WSN; (ii) have no energy constraints; (iii) have no security considerations; (iv) or have no mechanisms to handle fusion of network partitions. We proposed an address self-assignment protocol which uses negative acknowledgements and an improved version of a flood control mechanism to minimize the energy spent; uses a technique named whispering to achieve robustness against malicious nodes; is able to detect dynamic network re-joint and dynamic node addition without exchanging specific messages; and handles both dynamic events without compromising routing tables.
Noble Metal Nanostructures Influence of Structure and Environment on Their Optical Properties
Authors: Kvítek Ondřej , Siegel Jakub , Hnatowicz Vladimír , Švorčík Václav
Published: September 2013

Optical properties of nanostructured materials, isolated nanoparticles, and structures composed of both metals and semiconductors are broadly discussed. Fundamentals of the origin of surface plasmons as well as the surface plasmon resonance sensing are described and documented on a number of examples. Localized plasmon sensing and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy are subjected to special interest since those techniques are inherently associated with the direct application of plasmonic structures. The possibility of tailoring the optical properties of ultra‐thin metal layers via controlling their shape and morphology by postdeposition annealing is documented. Special attention is paid to the contribution of bimetallic particles and layers as well as metal structures encapsulated in semiconductors and dielectrics to the optical response. The opportunity to tune the properties of materials over a large scale of values opens up entirely new application possibilities of optical active structures. The nature of surface plasmons predetermines noble metal nanostructures to be promising great materials for development of modern label‐free sensing methods based on plasmon resonance—SPR and LSPR sensing.
Yoneda Philosophy in Engineering
Authors: Seremeti Lambrini , Kougias Ioannis
Published: September 2013

Mathematical models, such as sets of equations, are used in engineering to represent and analyze the behaviour of physical systems. The conventional notations in formulating engineering models do not clearly provide all the details required in order to fully understand the equations, and, thus, artifacts such as ontologies, which are the building blocks of knowledge representation models, are used to fulfil this gap. Since ontologies are the outcome of an intersubjective agreement among a group of individuals about the same fragment of the objective world, their development and use are questions in debate with regard to their competencies and limitations to univocally conceptualize a domain of interest. This is related to the following question: “What is the criterion for delimiting the specification of the main identifiable entities in order to consistently build the conceptual framework of the domain in question?” This query motivates us to view the Yoneda philosophy as a fundamental concern of understanding the conceptualization phase of each ontology engineering methodology. In this way, we exploit the link between the notion of formal concepts of formal concept analysis and a concluding remark resulting from the Yoneda embedding lemma of category theory in order to establish a formal process.
Extensive Subcutaneous Emphysema and Pneumomediastinum after Ecstasy Ingestion
Authors: Gungadeen A. , Moor J.
Published: September 2013

Objective. To present a rare case of extensive subcutaneous emphysema and spontaneous pneumomediastinum following ingestion of Ecstasy in a young adult. We also review the relevant literature and discuss how this case supplements it.Case Report. We report a case of a 19-year-old man with a history of painless neck and chest swelling, and no chest pain or breathlessness, after consuming Ecstasy tablets. Radiological imaging showed evidence of pneumomediastinum and extensive subcutaneous emphysema. The patient remained well under observation and his symptoms improved with conservative management.Conclusions. Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after Ecstasy ingestion is uncommon. Cases are often referred to the otolaryngologist as they can present with neck and throat symptoms. Our case showed that the severity of symptoms may not correlate with severity of the anatomical abnormality and that pneumomediastinum should be suspected in Ecstasy users who present with neck swelling despite the absence of chest symptoms. Although all cases reported so far resolved with conservative management, it is important to perform simple investigations to exclude coexisting serious pathology.
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bouadel Noureddine , El Ayoubi Fahd , Bennani-Baiti A. Anass , Benbouzid Mohamed Anas , Essakalli Leila , Kzadri Mohammed , El Ayoubi Ali
Published: September 2013

The metastasis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma to head and neck region, described herein, has never been reported before to our knowledge. A 56-year-old woman with a history of nephrectomy, that revealed chromophobe renal cell carcinoma six years before, presented left cervical mass. Imaging showed with left cervical lymphadenopathies and thyroid nodule. Surgery with histopathological examination confirmed that it was a left central and lateral jugular lymph node metastasis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma treated postoperatively by antiangiogenic therapy. The patient was successfully treated by surgery and antiangiogenic drugs with stabilization and no recurrence of the metastatic disease. The case and the literature reported here support that chromophobe renal cell carcinoma can metastasize to the head and neck region and should preferentially be treated with surgery and antiangiogenic therapy because of the associated morbidity and quality-of-life issues.
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease after Pediatric Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Mynarek Martin , Schober Tilmann , Behrends Uta , Maecker-Kolhoff Britta
Published: September 2013

Patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) carry a substantially increased risk to develop malignant lymphomas. This is in part due to the immunosuppression required to maintain the function of the organ graft. Depending on the transplanted organ, up to 15% of pediatric transplant recipients acquire posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), and eventually 20% of those succumb to the disease. Early diagnosis of PTLD is often hampered by the unspecific symptoms and the difficult differential diagnosis, which includes atypical infections as well as graft rejection. Treatment of PTLD is limited by the high vulnerability towards antineoplastic chemotherapy in transplanted children. However, new treatment strategies and especially the introduction of the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab have dramatically improved outcomes of PTLD. This review discusses risk factors for the development of PTLD in children, summarizes current approaches to therapy, and gives an outlook on developing new treatment modalities like targeted therapy with virus-specific T cells. Finally, monitoring strategies are evaluated.
A Projection-Type Method for Multivalued Variational Inequality
Authors: Fang Changjie , Chen Shenglan , Zheng Jiming
Published: September 2013

We propose a projection-type method for multivalued variational inequality. The iteration sequence generated by the algorithm is proven to be globally convergent to a solution, provided that the multivalued mapping is continuous with nonempty compact convex values. Moreover, we present a necessary and sufficient condition on the nonemptiness of the solution set. Preliminary computational experience is also reported.
Microfluidic Device for Controllable Chemical Release via Field‐Actuated Membrane Incorporating Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Xiang , Li Shunbo , Wang Limu , Yi Xin , Hui Yu Sanna , Qin Jianhua , Wen Weijia
Published: September 2013

We report a robust magnetic‐membrane‐based microfluidic platform for controllable chemical release. The magnetic membrane was prepared by mixing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carbonyl‐iron nanoparticles together to obtain a flexible thin film. With combined, simultaneous regulation of magnetic stimulus and mechanical pumping, the desired chemical release rate can easily be realized. For example, the dose release experimental data was well fitted by a mathematical sigmoidal model, exhibiting a typical dose‐response relationship, which shows promise in providing significant guidance for on‐demand drug delivery. To test the platform’s feasibility, our microfluidic device was employed in an experiment involving Escherichia coli culture under controlled antibiotic ciprofloxacin exposure, and the expected outcomes were successfully obtained. Our experimental results indicate that such a microfluidic device, with high accuracy and easy manipulation properties, can legitimately be characterized as active chemical release system.
Solutions to Dirichlet-Type Boundary Value Problems of Fractional Order in Banach Spaces
Authors: Tan Jing-jing , Cheng Cao-zong
Published: September 2013

We consider the boundary value problems with Dirichlet-type
boundary conditions of nonlinear fractional differential equation in Banach space. The
existence of the solution to the boundary value problems is established. Our analysis relies
on the Sadovskii fixed point theorem. As an application, we give an example to demonstrate
our results.
Risk of Coronary Artery Compression Among Patients Referred for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation
Authors: Morray Brian H. , McElhinney Doff B. , Cheatham John P. , Zahn Evan M. , Berman Darren P. , Sullivan Patrick M. , Lock James E. , Jones Thomas K.
Published: September 2013

Background—

The Melody transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) was approved for implantation in obstructed right ventricular outflow tract conduits in 2010 after a multicenter trial demonstrating improvements in conduit obstruction, regurgitation, and right ventricular pressure. A recognized risk and contraindication to TPV implantation is the demonstration of coronary artery (CA) compression during balloon angioplasty or stent placement in the overlying conduit. This study is the first to characterize the risk of CA compression in this population.

Methods and Results—

From 2007 to 2012, 404 patients underwent 407 catheterizations for potential TPV implantation (median age, 18 years) at 4 centers. Three hundred forty-three patients (85%) underwent valve implantation. Twenty-one patients (5%) had evidence of CA compression with simultaneous right ventricular outflow tract angioplasty and CA angiography. Sixty-eight patients (17%) had abnormal CA anatomy. Fifteen of 21 (71%) patients with CA compression had abnormal CA anatomy. Eight patients with tetralogy of Fallot and 7 patients with transposition of the great arteries demonstrated compression. Of the 34 patients with tetralogy of Fallot and abnormal CA, 7 (21%) demonstrated CA compression.

Conclusions—

CA compression following TPV implantation can be catastrophic. CA compression was observed in 5% of patients during test balloon angioplasty. No patients in this study developed clinically apparent CA compression after TPV implantation. CA compression was significantly associated with the presence of abnormal CA anatomy, especially in patients with tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the great arteries. Preimplantation coronary angiography with simultaneous test angioplasty is an important step to evaluate for the presence of CA compression during TPV implantation.
Excimer Laser–Assisted Removal of Embedded Inferior Vena Cava Filters
Authors: Kuo William T. , Odegaard Justin I. , Rosenberg Jarrett K. , Hofmann Lawrence V.
Published: September 2013

Background—

Although chronically implanted inferior vena cava filters may result in filter-related morbidity, there is currently no routine option for removing such filters when they become firmly embedded along the vena cava endothelium.

Methods and Results—

During a 3-year period, 100 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in a single-center study. There were 42 men and 58 women (mean age, 46 years; limits, 18–76 years). Retrieval indications included filter-related acute inferior vena cava thrombosis, chronic inferior vena cava occlusion, and pain from retroperitoneal or bowel penetration. Filter retrieval was also performed to prevent risks from prolonged implantation and to potentially eliminate the need for lifelong anticoagulation. After standard methods failed, photothermal tissue ablation was attempted with a laser sheath powered by a 308-nm xenon chloride excimer laser. Applied forces were recorded with a digital tension meter before and during laser activation. Laser-assisted retrieval was successful in 98.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.0%–99.8%) with mean implantation of 855 days (limits, 37–6663 days; >18 years). The following filter types were encountered in this study: Günther-Tulip (n=34), Celect (n=12), Option (n=17), Optease (n=20, 1 failure), TrapEase (n=6, 1 failure), Simon-Nitinol (n=1), 12F Stainless Steel Greenfield (n=4), and Titanium Greenfield (n=6). The average force during failed standard retrievals was 7.2 versus 4.6 pounds during laser-assisted retrievals (
P
<0.0001). The major complication rate was 3.0% (95% CI, 0.6%–8.5%), the minor complication rate was 7.0% (95% CI, 0.3%–13.9%), and there were 4 adverse events (2 coagulopathic hemorrhages, 1 renal infarction, and 1 cholecystitis; 4.0%; 95% CI, 1.1%–9.9%) at mean follow-up of 500 days (limits, 84–1079 days). Scar tissue ablation was histologically confirmed in 96.0% (95% CI, 89.9%–98.9%). Successful retrieval allowed cessation of anticoagulation in 30 of 30 (100%) patients and alleviated morbidity in 23 of 24 patients (96%).

Conclusions—

Excimer laser–assisted removal is effective in removing embedded inferior vena cava filters refractory to standard retrieval and high force. This method can be safely used to prevent and alleviate filter-related morbidity.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01158482.
Burden and Outcome of Prevalent Ischemic Brain Disease in a National Acute Stroke Registry
Authors: Koton Silvia , Tsabari Rakefet , Molshazki Noa , Kushnir Moshe , Shaien Radi , Eilam Anda , Tanne David
Published: September 2013

Background and Purpose—

Previous overt stroke and subclinical stroke are frequent in patients with stroke; yet, their clinical significance and effects on stroke outcome are not clear. We studied the burden and outcome after acute ischemic stroke by prevalent ischemic brain disease in a national registry of hospitalized patients with acute stroke.

Methods—

Patients with ischemic stroke in the National Acute Stroke Israeli prospective hospital-based registry (February to March 2004, March to April 2007, and April to May 2010) with information on previous overt stroke and subclinical stroke per computed tomography/MRI (n=3757) were included. Of them, a subsample (n=787) was followed up at 3 months. Logistic regression models were computed for outcomes in patients with prior overt stroke or subclinical stroke, compared with patients with first stroke, adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, stroke severity, and clinical classification.

Results—

Two-thirds of patients had a prior overt stroke or subclinical stroke. Death rates were similar for patients with and without prior stroke. Adjusted odds ratios (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) for disability were increased for patients with prior overt stroke (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.66) and subclinical stroke (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.16–1.82). Relative odds of Barthel Index ≤60 for patients with prior overt stroke (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.14–3.68) and with prior subclinical stroke (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.15–3.64) were twice higher than for patients with a first stroke. ORs for dependency were significantly increased for patients with prior overt stroke (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.19–3.20) but not for those with subclinical stroke (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.84–2.19).

Conclusions—

In our national cohort of patients with acute ischemic stroke, nearly two thirds had a prior overt stroke or subclinical stroke. Risk of poor functional outcomes was increased for patients with prior stroke, both overt and subclinical.
A Music out of Doors
Authors: Barber Llorenç
Published: September 2013

The author describes the inspiration and influences behind his compositions, installations and performances, from solo work with voice and bells to performances in city centers with bells, horns, ship-alarms, sirens, groups of drummers, symphonic bands and cannons.
Three Environments
Authors: Berghaus Marc
Published: September 2013

Most of the author's recent work has centered on the perception of environments and the human body's navigation through those environments, which has necessitated the construction of large-scale installations. So far, all but one of these installations have used sound as an integral component. The author believes that we, as both biological and cultural beings, live within three interlocking environments—the natural, the built and the media. This third is the newest, but certainly no less real than the other two.
Listening to Locative Narratives: Illusion and the Imaginative Experience
Authors: Whittaker Emma
Published: September 2013

The author discusses her research project Transition-Felt, an investigation of the development of locative narratives that informs the app The Letters.
Sound Resources: Environmental Installation
Authors: Mulder Jos
Published: September 2013

The author describes a recent sound installation that addresses an environmental issue as well as an issue with our sonic ecology.
Musical Phonography: Upending Listening Expectations
Authors: Wambsgans Colin
Published: September 2013

The author explores capturing and hearing music within a broader sound environment and the cultural and contextual information that this method can convey.
Sound Installation 24/7: Aestheticizing Everyday Sound and Rhythm
Authors: Hollerweger Florian
Published: September 2013

Featuring a set of microphones inside a dummy head situated within a gallery space, the author's installation 24/7 first records and later replays sounds sourced from within the space, representing past moments in time.
Rakes, Live Deaths and Modified Cassette Players: Three Contemporary Sound Artists from Colombia
Authors: Arias Ricardo
Published: September 2013

Sound art activity in Colombia has proliferated in the last decade, as evidenced by the considerable number of shows focusing on sound works by Colombian artists in recent years. The author presents three artists—Rodrigo Restrepo, Leonel Vásquez and Ícaro Zorbar—each of whom represents a distinct point in the continuum between music and sound art. The artists' individual and distinct approaches to the use of technology and their very personal conceptions of space and time are discussed.
(Demolishing) Concrete Music
Authors: Polson Simon
Published: September 2013

The article addresses two pieces of sound art that incorporate field recordings from the site of the Berlin Wall, during the deconstruction of its concrete presence in East Germany. The author examines two pieces as a case study for the consideration of the historical potential of soundscapes and proposes that the developing genre possesses the capability to preserve the sound of history, in ways that are not possible with written sources. The potential problems associated with the works' reevaluation as historical sources and further works that would benefit from similar reconsideration are discussed.
Translating Transformations: Object-Based Sound Installations
Authors: Rose Ethan
Published: September 2013

This paper defines the object-based sound installation as a distinct category of sound art that emerges from the intersection of live musical performance and the sonic possibilities of the recording studio. In order to contextualize this emergent category, connections are drawn among the rationalization of the senses, automated musical instruments, the lineage of recorded sound and the notion of absolute music. This interwoven history provides the necessary backdrop for the interpretation of three major works by Steven Reich, Alvin Lucier and Zimoun. These respective pieces are described in order to elucidate the ways in which object-based sound installations introduce embodied visibility into the transformative gestures of sound reproduction.
World on a Wire: Sound as Sensual Objects
Authors: Johnson Chuck
Published: September 2013

In the mid-20th century a new conceptual paradigm rose to prominence in the sciences that captured the imaginations of the burgeoning counterculture and its most forward-thinking artists. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, a branch of systems theory called cybernetics was presented as a way to understand complex systems. Cybernetic thought has continued to exert a hegemonic, if unintended, influence in the field of experimental and technology-driven arts. The author argues that the idealistic and techno-utopian character of cybernetic thought, including the holistic view of emergence, does not serve us in grave political and ecological times and suggests new ways to understand emergence in sound art that are free of the ideological baggage of cybernetic thought.
“Electric Music” on the Victorian Stage: The Forgotten Work of J.B. Schalkenbach
Authors: Wilson Daniel
Published: September 2013

This paper provides an overview of electrical pre-loudspeaker sound art in Victorian music halls, focusing on key figures, including one of the first female performers of an electrical musical instrument. Control of “acoustic incidents” separate from the artiste and the employment of artful presentation to create an aesthetic edifice—prerequisites of sound art—are apparent in the entertainments examined here. It is shown that the issues of today's sound art (in reconciling science with art, the coveting of the “active principle,” etc.) were also a concern in these early sound art ventures.
Slow evolving satellite DNAs: the case of a centromeric satellite in Chalcides ocellatus (Forskål, 1775) (Reptilia, Scincidae)
Authors: Giovannotti Massimo , Nisi Cerioni Paola , Splendiani Andrea , Ruggeri Paolo , Olmo Ettore , Caputo Barucchi Vincenzo
Published: September 2013

Satellite DNAs represent a preponderant portion of eukaryotic genomes, and despite the ample literature on satDNAs of eukaryotes little is known about these repetitive elements in reptiles. Studies on reptiles satellite DNAs have been mainly focused on lacertid lizards and only one aimed at characterising these repetitive elements in skinks. Here, the isolation and characterisation of a satellite DNA in two populations of the ocellated skink, Chalcides ocellatus (Forskål, 1775), is presented. The repetitive element isolated is located at centromeres of all chromosomes of the complement, shows a tendency towards AT enrichment (53.5%), and contains short motifs that are common in centromeric satellites of eukaryotes (TG/CA, GAAA). The satellite shows an extremely low evolutionary rate (0.13% per million year) that make it unsuitable as a phylogenetic probe to assess the genetic differentiation of the populations investigated, that show a deep genetic divergence at mitochondrial level. The influence of satellite location on chromosomes and chromosomal morphology are invoked to explain this unusually slow mutation rate.
A new gecko from Libya: Tarentola neglecta lanzai n. ssp.
Authors: Bshaena Ismail , Joger Ulrich
Published: September 2013

New findings from two Central Libyan oases extend the distribution area of the Saharan gecko Tarentola neglecta considerably to the East. Scale counts falling outside the range of the two known subspecies show that the new specimens belong to a third subspecies which is described here under the name Tarentola neglecta lanzai. A molecular phylogeny with mitochondrial genes presents further evidence that T. neglecta is the sister species of the Egyptian T. mindiae, both of which constitute a monophyletic clade within the T. fascicularis-deserti group.
The Hemiptera type-material housed in the “Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul” of Porto Alegre, Brazil
Authors: RUSCHEL TATIANA PETERSEN , GUIDOTI MARCUS , BARCELLOS ALINE
Published: September 2013

We provide a commented and referenced list on the type material deposited in the “Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul”, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Geographic coordinates are available on a digital repository for free access. High-resolution images of the specimens are available under request.
Designations of the lectotypes for the oriental species of the genus Carpelimus Leach, 1819 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: GILDENKOV MIKHAIL YU.
Published: September 2013

The type material of the Oriental Carpelimus species from five museums have been investigated. Thirty four lectotypes are designated for the following species: Trogophloeus bengalensis Cameron, 1930; T. bicolor Cameron, 1940; T. calcuttanus Bernhauer, 1911; T. chatterjeei Cameron, 1930; T. congruus Cameron, 1930; T. coriaceus Cameron, 1930; T. flavipennis Cameron, 1930; T. formosae Cameron, 1940; T. formosanus Cameron, 1940; T. foveicollis Kraatz, 1859; T. gratus Cameron, 1930; T. halophiloides Cameron, 1918; T. javanicus Cameron, 1936; T. laticeps Cameron, 1930; T. lepidicornis Fauvel, 1904; T. littoralis Cameron, 1918; T. louwerensi Cameron, 1938; T. lucens Cameron, 1918; T. nitidipennis Cameron, 1919; T. palitans Cameron, 1930; T. pallidicornis Cameron, 1945; T. papuensis Fauvel, 1879; T. piceicollis Cameron, 1930; T. planicollis Bernhauer, 1902; T. praelongus Bernhauer, 1938; T. pusae Cameron, 1930; T. ruficornis Cameron, 1930; T. rufoniger Cameron, 1945; T. sadiyanus Cameron, 1945; T. saigonensis Cameron, 1940; T. scabrosus Kraatz, 1859; T. simplex Motschulsky, 1857; T. taprobanae Walker, 1859; T. trivialis Cameron, 1930. The genital figures for all species (except T. flavipennis) are presented.
Review of the genus Stenopsyche McLachlan (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae) in India
Authors: PANDHER MANPREET S. , SAINI MALKIAT S. , PAREY SAJAD H.
Published: September 2013

With 14 species on record, the genus Stenopsyche McLachlan is reviewed from India. We report variation for 3 previously recorded species, Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan, S. dirghajihvi Schmid and S. apiguna Schmid. A catalogue and key for males of Indian species is provided.
A new species of Physocyclus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Mexico
Authors: JIMÉNEZ MARIA-LUISA , PALACIOS-CARDIEL CARLOS
Published: September 2013

The genus Physocyclus (Pholcidae) is widely distributed in North and Central America, with the exception of the Antilles (Platnick 2013). Physocyclus species are found in various environments, including xeric shrub zones and tropical deciduous forests. The genus is also common in caves and rock shelters, including deep caves with complete darkness (Valdéz-Mondragón 2008). Hitherto, 31 species of Physocyclus have been described (Platnick 2013). In this paper a new species is described from Mexico.
On the Deceiving Aspects of Mixing Diagrams of Deep Cumulus Convection
Authors: Böing Steven J. , Jonker Harm J. J. , Nawara Witek A. , Siebesma A. Pier
Published: September 2013

Mixing processes in deep precipitating cumulus clouds are investigated by tracking Lagrangian particles in a large-eddy simulation. The trajectories of particles are reconstructed and the thermodynamic properties of cloud air are studied using mixing diagrams. The trajectory analysis shows that the in-cloud mixing is entirely dominated by lateral entrainment and that there is no significant vertical mixing by downdrafts originating from cloud top. Yet the thermodynamic properties of the particles are located close to a line in the mixing diagrams, which appears to be consistent with two-point vertical mixing. An attempt is made to resolve this paradox using the buoyancy-sorting model of Taylor and Baker, but it is found that this model does not provide a full explanation for the location of particles in the mixing diagram. However, it is shown that the mixing-line behavior can be well understood from a simple analytically solvable model that uses a range of different lateral entrainment rates. Two further factors that determine the location of particles in the mixing diagram are identified: the removal of noncloudy air and precipitation effects. Finally, a thermodynamic argument is given that explains the absence of coherent downdrafts descending from cloud top.
Observed Scaling in Clouds and Precipitation and Scale Incognizance in Regional to Global Atmospheric Models
Authors: O'Brien Travis A. , Li Fuyu , Collins William D. , Rauscher Sara A. , Ringler Todd D. , Taylor Mark , Hagos Samson M. , Leung L. Ruby
Published: September 2013

Observations of robust scaling behavior in clouds and precipitation are used to derive constraints on how partitioning of precipitation should change with model resolution. Analysis indicates that 90%–99% of stratiform precipitation should occur in clouds that are resolvable by contemporary climate models (e.g., with 200-km or finer grid spacing). Furthermore, this resolved fraction of stratiform precipitation should increase sharply with resolution, such that effectively all stratiform precipitation should be resolvable above scales of ~50 km. It is shown that the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) and the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) also exhibit the robust cloud and precipitation scaling behavior that is present in observations, yet the resolved fraction of stratiform precipitation actually decreases with increasing model resolution. A suite of experiments with multiple dynamical cores provides strong evidence that this “scale-incognizant” behavior originates in one of the CAM4 parameterizations. An additional set of sensitivity experiments rules out both convection parameterizations, and by a process of elimination these results implicate the stratiform cloud and precipitation parameterization. Tests with the CAM5 physics package show improvements in the resolution dependence of resolved cloud fraction and resolved stratiform precipitation fraction.
Delamination buckling and growth phenomena in stiffened composite panels under compression. Part I: An experimental study
Authors: Riccio A , Raimondo A , Fragale S , Camerlingo F , Gambino B , Toscano C , Tescione D
Published: September 2013

An experimental investigation has been carried out on skin delaminations buckling and growth phenomena in stiffened composite panels subjected to compression loading. Optical fibers have been used to monitor the delamination-related phenomena. The optical fibers have been embedded in the skin close to an artificial delamination following paths with minimum length, satisfying the grating sensor locations and direction requirements and fulfilling specific embedding/integrity constraints. The stiffened panel has been also instrumented with back-to-back strain gauges in skin and stringer locations to acquire additional information on delamination and panel buckling and on delamination growth. Finally, a lock-in thermography inspection activity has been performed at different levels of the applied compressive load to acquire information on the delamination buckling and growth shapes. The performed experimental activity was aimed to study the delamination-related phenomena by comparing experimental data obtained from different sources focusing on delamination growth initiation and delamination growth stability.
Evaluating the Phenomenological Approach to Empathy Training
Authors: Englander Magnus , Folkesson Agneta
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this article is to report on a study that attempted to qualitatively evaluate the phenomenological approach to empathy training. A descriptive phenomenological psychological method was used to explicate the lived applied meaning of the training. The result disclosed a general structure of the phenomenon, composed of the following five constituents: (a) a serious context in which one is encountering the other who is emotionally distressed about something, (b) directing one’s lived presence to the other’s meaning-expression, (c) a shift in emotional context, (d) novelty of approach toward interpersonal understanding, and (e) disclosing an interpersonal relatedness. The results were briefly discussed in relation to the content and the procedures of the training.
Absence of Evidence for Enhanced Benefit of Antibiotic Therapy on Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis Episodes: A Systematic Review of the Evidence Base
Authors: Kaper Nina M. , Breukel Laura , Venekamp Roderick P. , Grolman Wilko , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G.
Published: September 2013

Objective

To systematically review the evidence base on the effectiveness of short‐course antibiotic therapy in adult patients with a recurrent episode of acute rhinosinusitis as part of a disease pattern on severity and duration of symptoms and recurrences.

Data Sources

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

A comprehensive search was performed up to March 21, 2013. Articles reporting studies on the effects of short‐course antibiotic therapy compared with placebo in patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis were included. For included articles, the design of reported studies was assessed for directness of evidence and risk of bias.

Results

In total, 3473 unique publications were retrieved, of which 30 were considered eligible based on title and abstract screening. In addition, 8 eligible articles were retrieved using cross‐reference checking. Based on full‐text evaluation, none of the retrieved 38 articles satisfied our predefined selection criteria. They did not compare antibiotic treatment with placebo, excluded patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis, or did not report findings for a subgroup of patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis.

Conclusion and Recommendation

To date, there is no evidence available on differences in effect of antibiotic therapy in primary or sporadic and recurrent episodes of acute rhinosinusitis. As such, decisions for or against initial antibiotic therapy in patients with recurring episodes of acute rhinosinusitis should be based on the same criteria used in managing primary or sporadic episodes of uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis.
Comparison of Sagittal Subluxation in Two Different Three-Component Total Ankle Replacement Systems
Authors: Lee Kyung Tai , Jegal Hyuk , Park Young Uk , Kim Jun Beom , Lee Young Koo , Yeo Eui Dong , Yang Seong Seok , Yoon Su-ah
Published: September 2013

Background:

Malalignment following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has been reported in 4% to 45% of patients. However, all reports to date have been related to coronal deformity. This study compared sagittal malalignment between the Mobility and Hintegra total ankle systems and assessed the positional stability of the implant components over time.

Methods:

The study included 50 cases each of total ankle replacement arthroplasty with the Hintegra and Mobility total ankle systems performed between May 2008 and June 2010. The Mobility group included 24 men and 25 women, and the mean age was 60.3 years (range, 50.7-70.0 years). The Hintegra group included 25 men and 25 women, and the mean age was 59.8 years (range, 50.8-68.7 years). The 2 groups did not differ in terms of gender ( P = .76) or age ( P = .77). Three independent observers with different levels of training evaluated the radiographs and performed the measurements independently. Each observer evaluated the radiographs twice at a 6-week interval to determine the intraobserver reliability, and the anteroposterior offset ratio was evaluated.

Results:

The anteroposterior offset ratio intra- and interobserver reliabilities all showed good or excellent levels of agreement in the Hintegra total ankle system and the Mobility total ankle system. With respect to the stability of sagittal translation of the talus, the Mobility system (0.08 ± 0.07 immediately, 0.0 ± 0.07 at 6 weeks postoperatively, and 0.01 ± 0.07 at 1 year postoperatively) was better than the Hintegra system (0.20 ± 0.08 immediately, 0.18 ± 0.11 at 6 weeks postoperatively, and 0.15 ± 0.10 at 1 year postoperatively) ( P < .0001).

Conclusions:

The Mobility system had less sagittal malalignment of the talus than the Hintegra system. Consequently, when treating ankles in patients with osteoarthritis using the Hintegra system, one must pay careful attention to sagittal malalignment during surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.
New and Emerging Drug Molecules Against Obesity
Authors: George Melvin , Rajaram Muthukumar , Shanmugam Elangovan
Published: September 2013

Obesity has become a growing pandemic of alarming proportions in the developed and developing countries over the last few decades. The most perturbing fact regarding obesity is the increased predisposition for coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The modest efficacy of current anti-obesity agents such as orlistat and the increasing withdrawals of several anti-obesity agents such as sibutramine, rimonabant have led to huge gaps in the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Lorcaserin and Phentermine-topiramate combination (phen-top) are two drugs approved by US FDA in 2012. Lorcaserin, a 5HT2C agonist has moderate efficacy with an acceptable safety profile. Clinical trials with Phen-top have shown a reasonable efficacy but at the cost of risks such as teratogenicity and psychiatric disturbances. Cetilistat, a lipase inhibitor is claimed to have superior safety profile to orlistat and is in phase 3 clinical trials. Other promising anti-obesity molecules acting on the gut which are in clinical trials include exenatide and liraglutide. Drugs which act on the monoaminergic and opioid systems include bupropion-naltrexone and bupropion-zonisamide. Other novel first-in-class drugs which have been explored and have limited success in early clinical development include velneperit, tesofensine, and beloranib. Tesofensine is a triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor, velneperit acts as a neuropeptide Y5 receptor antagonist and beloranib is a methionine amino peptidase 2 inhibitor. Novel targets such as histamine H3 receptor, VEGF, matrix-metalloproteinase, sirtuin receptors are also being investigated. This review is an attempt to describe the new and emerging molecules that are in clinical development for obesity.
The intergenerational effects of Indian Residential Schools: Implications for the concept of historical trauma
Authors: Bombay Amy , Matheson Kimberly , Anisman Hymie
Published: September 2013

The current paper reviews research that has explored the intergenerational effects of the Indian Residential School (IRS) system in Canada, in which Aboriginal children were forced to live at schools where various forms of neglect and abuse were common. Intergenerational IRS trauma continues to undermine the well-being of today’s Aboriginal population, and having a familial history of IRS attendance has also been linked with more frequent contemporary stressor experiences and relatively greater effects of stressors on well-being. It is also suggested that familial IRS attendance across several generations within a family appears to have cumulative effects. Together, these findings provide empirical support for the concept of historical trauma, which takes the perspective that the consequences of numerous and sustained attacks against a group may accumulate over generations and interact with proximal stressors to undermine collective well-being. As much as historical trauma might be linked to pathology, it is not possible to go back in time to assess how previous traumas endured by Aboriginal peoples might be related to subsequent responses to IRS trauma. Nonetheless, the currently available research demonstrating the intergenerational effects of IRSs provides support for the enduring negative consequences of these experiences and the role of historical trauma in contributing to present day disparities in well-being.
Repositioning the subject discipline for an ‘academic-enhancement’ model of widening participation: A philosophical sketch
Authors: O’Brien Mark
Published: September 2013

This article addresses a question for those seeking to deepen engagement with nontraditional students for strategies of widening participation in the higher education setting. The question is as follows: how can the academic subject be made more open to what the student (and therefore also the nontraditional student) can bring to it? ‘Openness’ is intended in two senses here that each generates its own corollary questions. First, there is the question of how the academic subject as a discipline can be seen as open to society and culture: and to the ‘world’ of the student. Second, how can the teaching of the academic subject be opened up to what the student has to offer: what forms of pedagogy do we need? Reflecting philosophically, the article outlines responses to each of these questions. Responding to the first question, with particular focus on Western science tradition, concepts from debates with the philosophy of science are employed to highlight the interactions between society and the academic discipline in its real historical development. In response to the second question, the tradition of Critical Pedagogy is foregrounded as offering the types of openness to student involvement in and contribution to the academic discipline. Such approaches, it is suggested, can create spaces in which nontraditional students, by virtue of their social experiences, cultural identities and personal characteristics, can become more deeply engaged in the academic and intellectual life of their chosen academic subject. The article then combines a number of theoretical perspectives to suggest that the social and cultural mix within the student body is something that warrants renewed attention for academic life and work.
Celiac artery compression syndrome: a radiological finding without clinical symptoms?
Authors: Kazan V , Qu W , Al-Natour M , Abbas J , Nazzal M
Published: September 2013

The aim of the paper is to determine the incidence of celiac artery compression (CAC) based on computed tomography (CT) scan and correlate the findings to the clinical presentation of patients presenting for CT scan in a hospital. Abdominal CT scans of patients were reviewed between September 2010 and November 2010. CAC was diagnosed if the celiac axis appeared to have a hook or U-shaped appearance with stenosis. The medical records of the patients were reviewed for gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea), as well as food fear and weight loss. Patients with CAC had lower incidence of symptoms compared with those without CAC (42.1 versus 65.3%, P = 0.042). A total of 450 patients were evaluated. In the end, 284 had both complete medical records and CT scans. The mean age for all patients was 51.3 ± 1.2 years. There were 124 men (42.6%) and 160 (57.4%) women. Nineteen (6.7%) patients had radiological evidence of CAC. CAC is not an uncommon CT finding in patients presenting for CT scan.
The Impact of Work Stressors on Identity Threats and Perceived Stress
Authors: Berjot Sophie , Altintas Emin , Lesage François-Xavier , Grebot Elisabeth
Published: September 2013

This aim of this study was to explore which kinds of working situations are regarded by psychologists as being particularly detrimental to their identity (personal and professional), how these situations are appraised in terms of threat and/or challenge, and what their impact is on perceived stress, work satisfaction, and perceived threat to occupational status. In all, 842 French psychologists answered an open format question requesting them to report a situation that was particularly difficult for them as a person and/or as a psychologist (analyzed by the way of a content analysis), and a questionnaire containing our dependant variables. Four major categories of situations were highlighted. While the first three were positively linked to threat, the “patient relations” category was negatively correlated with it. “Threat to personal identity” mediated the relationship between difficult situations and perceived stress. Situations appraised as being identity-threatening are mostly the same than those found in the stress literature and are stressful because of their impact on personal identity. Moreover, for psychologists, relations to patients, which are at the heart of the profession, seem to be protective regarding stress and identity threats.