bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in accounting and auditing: bibliometric analysis in Scopus 2020-2023
Authors: Chávez-Díaz Jorge Miguel , Aquiño-Perales Laura , De-Velazco-Borda Jorge Luis , Villagómez-Chinchay Juan Alberto , Flores-Sotelo Willian Sebastian
Published: August 2024

El propósito del estudio fue presentar los resultados de un análisis bibliométrico y revisión de literatura sobre la producción científica relacionada con la inteligencia artificial aplicada a la contabilidad y auditoría, contenida en la base de datos Scopus entre 2020 y 2023. Para la primera parte, se realizó un análisis descriptivo y cuantitativo. Se utilizó análisis bibliométrico con búsqueda de palabras clave en la base de datos Scopus. Para la segunda parte se siguió un enfoque subjetivo basado en un análisis cualitativo a partir de la interpretación del autor. Ambos enfoques fueron considerados por su complementariedad. Se identificaron las principales características cuantitativas de las revistas, autores, artículos, estructura conceptual y estructura social. Asimismo, las implicaciones éticas de la Inteligencia Artificial aplicada a la contabilidad y auditoría, y la forma en que impacta en la contabilidad, la auditoría fiscal, la estrategia financiera y la toma de decisiones que contribuyen a la creación de valor para su organización. Cambie la aversión a la IA por la adaptabilidad y la comprensión de que se extrajeron sus auditorías y contabilidad forense. El trabajo del contable-auditor estará cada vez más informatizado. Deberían centrarse más en el análisis, hay que transformar el perfil profesional de forma sinérgica con la inteligencia artificial. El estudio pretende servir como base teórica para futuras investigaciones.
An interactive visualization tool for the exploration and analysis of multivariate ocean data
Authors: K. G. Preetha , S. Saritha , Jeevan Jishnu , Sachidanandan Chinnu , Maheswaran P. A.
Published: August 2024

Ocean data exhibits great heterogeneity from variances in measuring methods, formats, and quality, making it extremely complicated and diverse due to a variety of data kinds, sources, and study elements. A few examples of data sources are satellites, buoys, ships, self-driving cars, and distant systems. The processing of data is made more challenging by the significant regional and temporal variations in oceanic characteristics including temperature, salinity, and currents. This work presents an interactive tool for multivariate ocean parameter visualisation, specifically overlays, based on Python. In ocean data visualisation, overlays are extra visual layers or data points that are layered to improve comprehension over a basic map. Based on the available data and the visualisation goals, these overlays are chosen and blended. Users can customise overlays with this tool, which also supports formatting, 2D and 3D visualisation, and data preparation. In order to reduce artefacts, it uses kriging interpolation for 3D visualisation and a modified version of the ray casting algorithm for representing octree data. By integrating overlays like as bathymetry, currents, temperature, and marine life, users can produce visually appealing and comprehensive depictions of ocean data. This method provides a thorough grasp of intricate marine processes by making it easier to see patterns, trends, and abnormalities in the data.
Research on the using of ZnO nanostructures to increase the white light-emitting diodes optics effectiveness
Authors: Le Phan Xuan , Cong Pham Hong
Published: August 2024

In conventional white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), the combination of blue-LED chips with a yellow-phosphor type is the commonly employed method of production. However, this approach often results in low angular correlated color temperature (CCT) homogeneity. To address this issue, this research proposes the incorporation of ZnO nanostructures into WLED packages to enhance color homogeneity. The impacts of varying concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles on the morphologies, scattered energy, and CCT deviations in WLED packages are studied utilizing the Mie-scattering theory and MATLAB measurement techniques to analyze the scattering effects of ZnO nanoparticles. The scattering analysis reveals that the presence of ZnO nanoparticles significantly increases the scattered strength of WLEDs, especially with larger particles’ radii, due to their strong scattering influence. Then, 1 µm is the selected size of the ZnO used in further tests. With different ZnO concentrations (2-50 wt.%) in the phosphor layer, the CCT deviation holds an inverse proportion to the luminous efficiency. Particularly, higher concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles reduce the CCT deviation, leading to improved color homogeneity, but a decline in lumen efficiency. The findings provide the basis of ZnO scattering performance, which can be utilized to explore potential ways for enhancing WLED’s color uniformity and overall performance.
Speech enhancement by using novel multiband spectral subtraction method along with a reduction of the cross spectral component
Authors: Jakati Jagadish S. , Koti Ramesh B. , Matad Sidramayya , Jadhav Jagannath , Mule Shrishail Basvant , Bedakihale Sanmati , Mathad Vireshkumar G. , Bandekar Amar R.
Published: August 2024

It is essential to enhance the speech signal's clarity and quality in order to maintain the message's content. By boosting the noisy voice signal, the speech signal quality can be raised. Two techniques are presented in this study to significantly minimize the additive background noise. In order to minimize non-stationary additive noise concerning the speech signal, the first approach employs modified multiband spectral subtraction. With this technique, spectral subtraction is carried out based on the signal to noise ratio (SNR) values in various noisy speech frames. When the noisy signal and noise signal are somewhat correlated, a second method is used to minimize the cross spectral components. These techniques are used to get over the drawbacks of the fundamental spectrum subtraction method. To improve the noisy speech signal, both techniques are combined.
Phenomenological Behavioural Problems Manifested by High School Students Enrolled in Subic National High School
Authors: Lonzon Miriam De Ocampo , Espiritu Raymond D.
Published: August 2024

This study determines the phenomenological behavioural problems manifested by high school students enrolled in Subic National High School and draws implications to address the behavioural issues. The study used qualitative research adhering to phenomenological methods, and data were thematically analyzed. Results of the study showed that most of the participants are between the ages of 28 and 32, most of the teacher's responders are female, the majority of the teacher's responses are teaching English, and the majority of participants are Teacher I. The common misbehaviour issues of the students inside the classroom are disruptive behaviours, truancy, and behavioural engagement. The factors that led to students' misbehaviour inside the school are biological, social factors, and internal factors. Participants encourage students to behave well inside the classroom by giving rewards and punishments, classroom activities, and creating a positive classroom environment. Suggested activities to make the students behave well inside the school are fostering a culture of reading, writing, listening, and speaking, interactive teaching and learning, and rewards and motivation. A program was proposed. The study recommends that teachers be trained to handle classroom management concerns and problems. Administrators, teachers, parents, and students must all collaborate to achieve a common aim of peace and harmony in well-managed schools. Students should be included as participants in future studies, and their impressions and comments about school punishment techniques should be recorded. Further study may be conducted to validate the findings of this research.
A importância do diagnóstico e tratamento precoces da fibrilação atrial para a prevenção do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico
Authors: Silva Janaína Teixeira Nunes , Silva Maísa Sally Alves , Resende Eduardo Henrique Chagas
Published: August 2024

The urgency of developing effective interventions for the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the prevention of ischemic stroke (IS) is paramount in current medical practices. AF can lead to ischemic strokes, situations that are preventable with appropriate treatments, including specific medications and anticoagulants aimed at reducing cardiovascular risks. These strategies are crucial for decreasing the incidence of stroke, thereby improving patients' quality of life. In this context, a qualitative and expository integrative review is utilized to analyze the relationship between AF and ischemic stroke, seeking a comprehensive understanding and identification of knowledge gaps. An enhanced model for early detection, prevention, and management of AF is proposed, based on critical analysis of existing research. The significance of advanced screening programs, public health education, and assertive therapeutic interventions for a proactive approach in managing AF is highlighted. The critical window for intervention to significantly reduce the occurrence and severity of stroke is emphasized. The need for a holistic paradigm integrating patient education, lifestyle modification, and community support is reaffirmed, aiming not only for early intervention but also for an effective fight against the repercussions of AF and stroke. This multidimensional focus is essential to limit the severe impacts of stroke in patients with AF, underlining the importance of an informed and anticipatory management of the conditions.
Descolamento institucional: o Ministério Público Federal e a Operação Lava Jato
Authors: Lucena Mônica Barrêto Nóbrega de
Published: August 2024

This article aims at enlightening the constitution of the actor Operation Car Wash (OLJ), investigating to what extent it is possible to think of an actor which detaches itself from its original institution, the Federal Prosecutor Service (MPF), starting to appear as a relevant political agent. For such, we start from the meanings expressed in the first criminal complaint of the operation against former president Lula and from quantitative data collected from the 58 criminal complaints of this operation, from the core of Curitiba, carried out between 2014 and 2016. Initially, we infer the constitution of the actor of the enunciation in the complaint. The elements included in the text show the construction of two different actors, even if interconnected. We conclude, through semiotic analysis, that this separation occurs through a screening, in which in the MPF there is a euphorization of the universe values – composing democratic values –, while, in the OLJ, there is a euphorization of the absolute values – composing aristocratic values, characterized by a hyperbolic and anti-political discourse.
Group Coordination Catalyzes Individual and Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Wu Charley M. , Dale Rick , Hawkins Robert D.
Published: August 2024

A large program of research has aimed to ground large-scale cultural phenomena in processes taking place within individual minds. For example, investigating whether individual agents equipped with the right social learning strategies can enable cumulative cultural evolution given long enough time horizons. However, this approach often omits the critical group-level processes that mediate between individual agents and multi-generational societies. Here, we argue that interacting groups are a necessary and explanatory level of analysis, linking individual and collective intelligence through two characteristic feedback loops. In the first loop, more sophisticated individual-level social learning mechanisms based on Theory of Mind facilitate group-level complementarity, allowing distributed knowledge to be compositionally recombined in groups; these group-level innovations, in turn, ease the cognitive load on individuals. In the second loop, societal-level processes of cumulative culture provide groups with new cognitive technologies, including shared language and conceptual abstractions, which set in motion new group-level processes to further coordinate, recombine, and innovate. Taken together, these cycles establish group-level interaction as a dual engine of intelligence, catalyzing both individual cognition and cumulative culture.
Prevalence of HLA-B27, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in children with enthesitis-related arthritis
Authors: Jittawattanarat Boonsiri , Charuvanij Sirirat , Tangcheewinsirikul Sirikarn , Sukharomana Maynart
Published: August 2024

Background

Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is a subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with high disease burden. The objectives of this study were to explore the prevalence of HLA-B27, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes in children with ERA and compare the differences between HLA-B27 positive and negative patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study at a pediatric rheumatology clinic in a tertiary referral hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, including ERA patients with at least 6 months of follow-up (July 2011-April 2022) was performed. Data were collected from medical records from diagnosis to recent follow-up, assessing disease activity and treatment outcomes, with an analysis comparing HLA-B27 positive and negative patients. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results

There were 59 ERA patients with mean age ± SD at diagnosis 11.2 ± 2.5 years, 53 males (89.8%), and positive HLA-B27 in 38 patients (64.4%). The HLA-B27 positive group had significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers at initial diagnosis (p = 0.001), lower baseline hemoglobin (p = 0.001) and hematocrit (p = 0.002), higher disease activity assessed by the Juvenile Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity score at 6 and 12 months of follow-up (p = 0.028 and 0.040, respectively), increased utilization of bridging systemic corticosteroids (60.5% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.001) and anti-TNF (39.5% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.018), and longer duration of methotrexate (median[IQR] 1.7[1.1–3.1] vs. 1.3[0.6–1.9] years, p = 0.040). The HLA-B27 negative group had more prevalent hip arthritis than the positive group at initial diagnosis (66.7% vs. 28.9%, p = 0.005) and during the course of the disease (71.4% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

Most of the ERA patients tested positive for HLA-B27. Throughout the follow-up period, these patients demonstrated greater disease activity, greater use of corticosteroids and anti-TNF, and longer duration of methotrexate to control the disease.
Innovative molecular and immunological approaches of heterophyiasis infecting some Egyptian marketed fishes
Authors: Mahdy Olfat A. , Ramadan Reem M. , Salem Mai A.
Published: August 2024

Heterophyiasis is a highly endemic disease in the Nile Delta, Egypt, where people consume raw or undercooked Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil cephalus. Birds and rats play a crucial role in fish-borne zoonotic trematode transmission since they serve as natural and experimental hosts. This study aimed to update the epidemiological information, morphological description, molecular identification and gene expression of two distinct heterophyid metacercariae in Giza, Wadi Al-Rayan, and Lake Manzala, Egypt, whereas various heterophyid infections could be expected. The present Centrocestus formosanus, Heterophyes heterophyes, and Heterophyes nocens with accession numbers OR947651.1, OR947700.1, and OR947719.1, respectively, matched with those recorded in the GenBank. Findings of the current investigation indicated that various cytokines like IL-1β, MHC-II, and TNF-α rapidly elevated in the infected pigeon’s intestines. Additionally, the infection expanded due to the parasite’s ejection from the host and the host’s clinical affliction, which induced humoral immune responses. Interestingly, investigation of other trematode species is in extreme demand in terms of zoonoses. We suggest controlling snails, managing migratory birds, and examining and frying fishes to the point when the encysted metacercariae is destroyed.
Development of a novel patient reported outcome measure for health-related quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PROQuALS): study protocol
Authors: Carlton Jill , Powell Philip , Rowen Donna , Williams Claire , Griffiths Alys Wyn , Hobson Esther , McDermott Christopher
Published: August 2024

Background

Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be used to assess the impact of health conditions upon an individual’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Whilst PROMs have been used to quantify the HRQoL impact of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), existing instruments may not fully capture what matters to people living with ALS (plwALS) or be appropriate to be used directly to inform the cost-effectiveness of new treatments. This highlights a need for a new condition-specific PROM that can both capture what’s important to plwALS and be used in economic evaluation. This study has two key aims: 1) to produce a novel PROM for measuring HRQoL in plwALS (PROQuALS). 2) to value a set of items from the novel PROM to generate an associated preference-weighted measure (PWM) that will enable utility values to be generated.

Methods

A mixed-methods study design will be conducted across three stages. Stage 1 involves concept elicitation and the generation of draft PROM content from a robust and comprehensive systematic review of HRQoL in ALS, with input from plwALS. Stage 2 consists of cognitive debriefing of the draft PROM content to ascertain its content validity (Stage 2a), followed by a psychometric survey (Stage 2b) to assess statistical performance. Evidence from Stage 2 will be used to make decisions on the final content and format of the novel PROM. Stage 3 will involve valuation and econometric modeling using health economics methods to generate preference weights, so a PWM derived from the novel PROM can be used in the cost-effectiveness analyses of treatments. Patient and clinical advisory groups will have critical, collaborative input throughout the project.

Discussion

The novel PROM will be designed to comprehensively assess important aspects of HRQoL to plwALS and to quantify HRQoL in terms of subjective impact. The PROQuALS measure will be available for use in research and healthcare settings. The associated PWM component will extend and enable the use of PROQuALS in cost-effective analyses of new treatments for ALS.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
No evidence of spread of Linda pestivirus in the wild boar population in Southern Germany
Authors: Schulz Doreen , Aebischer Andrea , Wernike Kerstin , Beer Martin
Published: August 2024

Lateral-shaking inducing neuro-degenerative agent virus (LindaV) is a novel member of the highly diverse genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. LindaV was first detected in Austria in 2015 and was associated with congenital tremor in piglets. Since then, the virus or specific antibodies have been found in a few further pig farms in Austria. However, the actual spatial distribution and the existence of reservoir hosts is largely unknown. Since other pestiviruses of pigs such as classical swine fever virus or atypical porcine pestivirus can also infect wild boar, the question arises whether LindaV is likewise present in the wild boar population. Therefore, we investigated the presence of neutralizing antibodies against LindaV in 200 wild boar samples collected in Southern Germany, which borders Austria. To establish a serological test system, we made use of the interchangeability of the surface glycoproteins and created a chimeric pestivirus using Bungowannah virus (species Pestivirus australiaense) as synthetic backbone. The E1 and E2 glycoproteins were replaced by the heterologous E1 and E2 of LindaV resulting in the chimera BV_E1E2_LV. Viable virus could be rescued and was subsequently applied in a neutralization test. A specific positive control serum generated against the E2 protein of LindaV gave a strong positive result, thereby confirming the functionality of the test system. All wild boar samples, however, tested negative. Hence, there is no evidence that LindaV has become highly prevalent in the wild boar population in Southern Germany.
Neurocognitive function and medical care utilization in Veterans treated for substance use disorder
Authors: Bjork James M. , Reisweber Jarrod , Perrin Paul B. , Plonski Paul E. , Dismuke-Greer Clara E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Veterans with substance use disorder (SUD) are at high risk for cognitive problems due to neurotoxic effects of chronic drug and alcohol use coupled in many cases with histories of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These problems may in turn result in proneness to SUD relapse and reduced adherence to medical self-care regimens and therefore reliance on health care systems. However, the direct relationship between cognitive function and utilization of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) SUD and other VHA health care services has not been evaluated. We sought initial evidence as to whether neurocognitive performance relates to repeated health care engagement in Veterans as indexed by estimated VHA care costs.

Methods

Neurocognitive performance in 76 Veterans being treated for SUD was assessed using CNS-Vital Signs, a commercial computerized cognitive testing battery, and related to histories of outpatient and inpatient/residential care costs as estimated by the VHA Health Economics Resource Center.

Results

After controlling for age, an aggregate metric of overall neurocognitive performance (Neurocognition Index) correlated negatively with total VHA health care costs, particularly with SUD-related outpatient care costs but also with non-mental health-related care costs. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale scores also correlated positively with total VHA care costs.

Conclusions

In Veterans receiving SUD care, higher impulsivity and lower cognitive performance were associated with greater health care utilization within the VHA system. This suggests that veterans with SUD who show lower neurocognitive performance are at greater risk for continued health problems that require healthcare engagement. Cognitive rehabilitation programs developed for brain injury and other neurological conditions could be tried in Veterans with SUD to improve their health outcomes.
Exploratory pharmacodynamics and efficacy of PF-06817024 in a Phase 1 study of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Danto Spencer I. , Tsamandouras Nikolaos , Reddy Padma , Gilbert Steven A. , Mancuso Jessica Y. , Page Karen , Beebe Jean S. , Peeva Elena , Vincent Michael S.
Published: August 2024

PF-06817024 is a humanized antibody against interleukin-33 that has the potential to inhibit type 2 inflammation. An exploratory analysis of the pharmacodynamics and clinical effects of single and repeat doses of PF-06817024 was assessed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), respectively, as part of a Phase 1, first-in-human study. Rhinosinusitis symptoms were improved, and nasal polyps were decreased in size following treatment with PF-06817024 in patients with CRSwNP. In patients with AD, PF-06817024, in aggregate, reduced disease severity and improved symptoms, as demonstrated by greater percentage decrease from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores and reduced pruritus numerical rating scores, compared with placebo. The efficacy in AD appeared to be bimodal with a sub-group of participants exhibiting high levels of improvement (EASI75 and EASI90) for a sustained period of time after dosing. In patients with CRSwNP, a consistent trend of decrease in eosinophil levels was observed in the PF-06817024 group, compared with placebo. Further research would be needed to confirm the clinical benefit and safety of PF-06817024 as a treatment for allergic diseases.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02743871. Registered 15 April 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02743871?term=NCT02743871&rank=1.
Ricin intoxication by lethal dose of castor seeds ingestion: a case report
Authors: Noumi Noumi Lysette Joelle , El-Hanna Sylvana , Reine Sandrine Mendeuka N. M. , Van Nuffelen Marc
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Ricin intoxication is a serious condition with symptoms ranging from mild gastroenteritis to fatal outcomes due to shock and multi-organ failure. Intoxication from the ingestion of castor seeds is uncommon. However, its diagnosis is crucial, particularly with a clear history of exposure to castor seeds, regardless of the route of exposure (enteral or parenteral). Prompt diagnosis is essential to monitor and manage the patient effectively and to prevent potentially fatal outcomes. We report a case where ingestion of castor seeds resulted in gastroenteritis severe enough to necessitate emergency medical care.

Case report

We present the case of a 47-year-old Belgian woman of Moroccan descent, previously healthy who was admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of colicky abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting following the ingestion of six castor beans. The patient was diagnosed with ricin intoxication, admitted for observation, and received symptomatic treatment. She was discharged home after a complete recovery three days later.

Conclusion

Our report underscores the clinical manifestations, hemodynamic changes, laboratory findings, and treatment of intoxication due to castor seed ingestion. It contributes to the limited literature on castor seed poisoning in humans, with a specific focus on cases in Belgium. This report aims to raise awareness among clinicians about this condition and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive history-taking to prevent misdiagnosis and malpractice.
Investigation into the impact of anionic substitution on modulating the optical and catalytic properties of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: K Rahina M. , Kodoth Arun Krishna , Pattabi Manjunatha , S Murari M. , Pattabi Rani M.
Published: August 2024

Bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles have emerged as a non-toxic catalyst with remarkable potential for the photodegradation of various environmental pollutants. A notable departure from conventional approaches, where cations are added as dopant, this study achieved enhanced catalytic performance through anion substitution. Specifically, replacing oxygen atoms with nitrogen introduces spin-polarized defect states within the BFO’s energy gap, resulting in a notable reduction in the energy band gap. Nitrogen doping of bismuth ferrite yields a novel material with exceptional capabilities for the photodegradation of methylene blue dye and the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Comprehensive characterization, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, has unequivocally confirmed the successful incorporation of nitrogen into the BFO nanoparticle lattice. Interestingly, field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed no significant alteration in nanoparticle size after nitrogen doping. Meanwhile, UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy unveiled a distinct decrease in the energy gap upon nitrogen incorporation. The observed improvements in catalytic activities can be attributed to nitrogen ions, introduced as substitutes, effectively occupying the oxygen defects within the sample, thereby diminishing recombination centers for photogenerated charge carriers and decreasing recombination rates. Additionally, adsorption kinetics studies underscore the efficacy of the catalyst surface in adsorbing methylene blue and/or 4-nitrophenol, conforming to the Ho pseudo-second-order model. This study not only highlights the exciting potential of nitrogen-doped bismuth ferrite nanoparticles in environmental remediation but also sheds light on the intricate interplay between anion substitution, band structure modification, and catalytic performance enhancement.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of integrated WASH and maternal and child health interventions on diarrhea disease prevalence in a resource-constrained setting in Kenya
Authors: Muriithi Betty , Wandera Ernest Apondi , Takeuchi Rie , Mutunga Felix , Kathiiko Cyrus , Wachira Mary , Tinkoi Joseph , Meiguran Mirasine , Akumu Pius , Ndege Valeria , Mochizuki Ryoichiro , Kaneko Satoshi , Morita Kouichi , Ouma Collins , Ichinose Yoshio
Published: August 2024

Background

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and child health interventions are proven simple and cost-effective strategies for preventing diarrhea and minimizing excess mortality. Individually, they are able to prevent diarrhea though sub-optimally, and their effectiveness when combined may be higher. This study examined the effect of integrated WASH and maternal and child health (MCH) interventions on prevalence of diarrhea, in a resource-limited setting in Kenya.

Methods

A controlled intervention was implemented in Narok County. The interventions included WASH interventions integrated with promotion of MCH. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on targeted indicators before and after the interventions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square to establish the impact of the interventions.

Results

A total of 431and 424 households and 491 and 487 households in intervention and control sites, respectively, participated in the baseline and endline surveys. Following implementation of the interventions, prevalence of diarrhea decreased by 69.1% (95% CI: 49.6–87.1%) and 58.6% (95% CI: 26.6–82.4%) in the intervention and control site, respectively. Treatment of drinking water and animal husbandry practices were significantly associated with diarrhea post-interventions.

Conclusions

Integrating WASH interventions with other diarrhea control strategies and contextualizing them to meet site-specific needs may effectively prevent diarrhea.
Estimating masticated and cone fuel loads using the Photoload method
Authors: Hood Sharon M. , Flanary Sarah J. , Stalling Christine M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Recognizing the complexity and varied nature of forest fuelbeds is crucial in understanding fire behavior and effects on the landscape. While current modeling efforts often consider fine and coarse woody debris surface fuel loads, those options do not always provide the most complete description of the fuelbeds. Both masticated fuels and cones can be a significant part of the fuelbed, with the potential to influence fire behavior and effects, but they are not currently captured in planar intersect methods or Photoload fuel sampling methodology. Cones are prevalent in most forested conifer stands, while mastication is a type of fuel treatment used to compact fuelbeds by shredding or chipping small trees, shrubs, and down woody debris. The treatment creates nonuniform particle sizes that violate assumptions of the planar intersect method to estimate dead surface fuel loads. The Photoload method of fuel load estimation allows visual estimates of fuel loads by particle type and the flexibility to develop photosequences of new fuel types.

Results

We created Photoload mastication sequences for estimating loading of masticated fuels, as well as cone loading sequences. Our mastication photosequences were developed from Pinus ponderosa-Pseudotsuga menziesii forests in Montana, USA, but could be used to provide a relative estimate of load for any masticated material. The cones used for developing photosequences were gathered from several forest types in the Northern Rockies, USA. We created two masticated fuel photosequences—fine particles < 7.62 cm and coarse particles ≥ 7.62 cm in width and six cone photosequences—Larix occidentalis, P. ponderosa, Pinus monticola, Pinus flexilis, Picea engelmannii, and P. menziesii.

Conclusions

The new mastication and cone loading photosequences can be used together with existing Photoload sequences to obtain total estimates of surface fuel loads. The 1-page sequences can be printed and used in the field to estimate these additional fuel type loads quickly and easily.
Two paralogous PHD finger proteins participate in natural genome editing in Paramecium tetraurelia
Authors: Häußermann Lilia , Singh Aditi , Swart Estienne C.
Published: August 2024

The unicellular eukaryote Paramecium tetraurelia contains functionally distinct nuclei: germline micronuclei (MICs) and a somatic macronucleus (MAC). During sex, the MIC genome is reorganized into a new MAC genome and the old MAC is lost. Almost 45,000 unique internal eliminated sequences (IESs) distributed throughout the genome require precise excision to guarantee a functional new MAC genome. Here, we characterize a pair of paralogous PHD finger proteins involved in DNA elimination. DevPF1, the early-expressed paralog, is present in only some of the gametic and post-zygotic nuclei during meiosis. Both DevPF1 and DevPF2 localize in the new developing MACs, where IES excision occurs. Upon DevPF2 knockdown (KD), long IESs are preferentially retained and late-expressed small RNAs decrease; no length preference for retained IESs was observed in DevPF1-KD and development-specific small RNAs were abolished. The expression of at least two genes from the new MAC with roles in genome reorganization seems to be influenced by DevPF1- and DevPF2-KD. Thus, both PHD fingers are crucial for new MAC genome development, with distinct functions, potentially via regulation of non-coding and coding transcription in the MICs and new MACs.
The Labor Market Impacts of Reducing Felony Convictions
Authors: Agan Amanda , Garin Andrew , Koustas Dmitri , Mas Alexandre , Yang Crystal S.
Published: August 2024

We study the labor market impacts of retroactively reducing felonies to misdemeanors in San Joaquin County, California, where criminal justice agencies implemented Proposition 47 reductions in a quasi-random order, without requiring input or action from affected individuals. Linking records of reductions to administrative tax data, we find employment benefits for individuals who (likely) requested their reduction, consistent with selection, but no benefits among the larger subset of individuals whose records were reduced proactively. A field experiment notifying a subset of individuals about their proactive reduction also shows null results, implying that lack of awareness is unlikely to explain our findings. (JEL C93, H76, J22, K14, K42)
Central Bank Credibility and Fiscal Responsibility
Authors: Schreger Jesse , Yared Pierre , Zaratiegui Emilio
Published: August 2024

We consider a New Keynesian model with strategic monetary and fiscal interactions. The fiscal authority maximizes social welfare. Monetary policy is delegated to a central bank with an anti-inflation bias that suffers from a lack of commitment. The impact of central bank hawkishness on debt issuance is nonmonotonic because increased hawkishness reduces the benefit from fiscal stimulus while simultaneously increasing real debt capacity. Starting from high levels of hawkishness (dovishness), a marginal increase in the central bank’s anti-inflation bias decreases (increases) debt issuance. (JEL E12, E31, E52, E58, E62, H63)
Repression and Repertoires
Authors: Morris Stephen , Shadmehr Mehdi
Published: August 2024

We formalize Tilly’s concept of repertoires of collective action and analyze how state repression affects the variety of observed contentious actions. When repression accelerates with higher levels of antiregime actions (convex repression structure), opposition leaders tend to call for many different forms of contentious actions, thereby generating a wider repertoire. In contrast, when repression decelerates with higher contentious actions (concave repression structure, including indiscriminate repression), opposition leaders tend to call for just one form of contentious action, thereby generating a narrower repertoire. Methodologically, we deliver an analysis for settings in which coordination and delegation are intertwined. (JEL D71, D72, D74, D82)
Deep learning neural network development for the classification of bacteriocin sequences produced by lactic acid bacteria
Authors: González Lady L. , Arias-Serrano Isaac , Villalba-Meneses Fernando , Navas-Boada Paulo , Cruz-Varela Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Background The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a pressing need for exploring new natural compounds with innovative mechanisms to replace existing antibiotics. Bacteriocins offer promising alternatives for developing therapeutic and preventive strategies in livestock, aquaculture, and human health. Specifically, those produced by LAB are recognized as GRAS and QPS. Methods In this study was used a deep learning neural network for binary classification of bacteriocin amino acid sequences, distinguishing those produced by LAB. The features were extracted using the k-mer method and vector embedding. Ten different groups were tested, combining embedding vectors and k-mers: EV, ‘EV+3-mers’, ‘EV+5-mers’, ‘EV+7-mers’, ‘EV+15-mers’, ‘EV+20-mers’, ‘EV+3-mers+5-mers’, ‘EV+3-mers+7-mers’, ‘EV+5-mers+7-mers’, and ‘EV+15-mers+20-mers’. Results Five sets of 100 characteristic k-mers unique to bacteriocins produced by LAB were obtained for values of k = 3, 5, 7, 15, and 20. Significant difference was observed between using only and concatenation. Specially, ‘5-mers+7-mers+EV ’ group showed superior accuracy and loss results. Employing k-fold cross-validation with k=30, the average results for loss, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were 9.90%, 90.14%, 90.30%, 90.10%, and 90.10% respectively. Folder 22 stood out with 8.50% loss, 91.47% accuracy, and 91.00% precision, recall, and F1 score. Conclusions The model developed in this study achieved consistent results with those seen in the reviewed literature. It outperformed some studies by 3-10%. The lists of characteristic k-mers pave the way to identify new bacteriocins that could be valuable for therapeutic and preventive strategies within the livestock, aquaculture industries, and potentially in human health.
Overheating in Residential Solar Systems: Towards Efficient Cooling SolutionOverheating in Residential Solar Systems: Towards Efficient Cooling Solution
Authors: Takash Ahmad Al , Kassar Razan El , Msadi Adie , Khanajian Assadour , Abbani Youssef
Published: August 2024

As the worldwide demand for solar renewable energy continues to rise, researchers have consistently aimed to create cost-effective, high-efficiency solar cells. They are aware that elevated panel temperatures can result in reduced conversion efficiency and diminished long-term dependability, presenting a familiar challenge within the photovoltaics industry. This project is divided into two main studies related to Photovoltaic (PV) panels overheating and cooling systems. The first study focused on investigating the effect of high ambient temperature on the efficiency of solar system, theoretically using MATLAB, AutoCAD and Helioscope, and computationally using PVsyst Software. Results showed that up to 11% of energy output is being lost due to temperature, and error of 2% was detected between theoretical and computational simulations. The findings indicate that computational modeling can be a trustworthy means of forecasting the performance of solar cells and solar systems. Following the identification of the problem, an already modeled and designed radiative cooling system using a combination of nano and micro structuring glass was simulated using PVsyst and theoretical equations to illustrate the output energy of the residential solar system, where results showed that adding one more panel can result in energy output higher by 2% than using the proposed cooling system.
Who Does the Talking Here? The Impact of Gender Composition on Team Interactions
Authors: Hardt David , Mayer Lea , Rincke Johannes
Published: August 2024

We analyze how the gender composition of teams affects team interactions. In an online experiment, we randomly assign individuals to gender-homogenous or gender-mixed teams of four. Teams meet in an audio chat room and jointly work on a team task that is gender-neutral in terms of individual productivity. By design, effects on team performance can only work through communication. We find that all-male teams communicate more than all-female teams and outperform teams of both alternative gender compositions. In mixed teams, men strongly dominate the team conversation quantitatively. Considering the ranking in terms of communication shares in mixed teams, we document that high-skilled men talk the most, followed by low-skilled men. High-skilled women talk more than low-skilled women, but much less than low-skilled men. We conclude that gender composition significantly impacts the way how teams exchange information.

This paper was accepted by Dorothea Kübler, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [RI 1959/5-1] and Hans-Frisch-Stiftung.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03411 .
Health Counseling to Enhance Maternal Knowledge about Nutrition in Toddlers
Authors: Sofiana Liena - , Khusna Arfiani Nur
Published: August 2024

Background: The level of maternal knowledge about high nutrition can affect the diet of baby and will certainly affect nutritional status of toddlers. The knowledge can be generated from several ways, one of them is counseling. Counseling is one method can be used easily to provide the knowledge about the nutrition of toddlers to mothers.Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of health counseling about nutrition of toddlers on mothers in the posyandu Kauman Yogyakarta.Methodology: This study used quasy experimental with pretest and posttest. The populations in this study include all mothers of children who came to the posyandu Kauman Yogyakarta with the sampling technique with total sample are 26 respondents. The processing data used the Wilcoxon test because the data is not normally distributed.Results: The results shows that there is an effect of health counseling in increasing maternal knowledge about nutrition of baby in Kauman Yogyakarta posyandu (p = 0.000).Conclusion: there is an effect of health counseling in increasing maternal knowledge about nutrition of children in posyandu Kauman Yogyakarta.
MANAJEMEN HUBUNGAN MASYARAKAT (HUMAS) DAN PEMASARAN RS PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Fitriani Annisa
Published: August 2024

Public Relations of PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta has an important role in improving the quality of services at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta. That will make public believe that PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta has good quality health services that can maintain customer relationships, and increased profit at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta. Purpose: This study aims to knowing general overview of Public Relations and Marketing at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta. Methods: This research is qualitative research with observation and interview method for data collection in Public Relations and Marketing at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta. Results: Based on the results, public relations management and marketing of PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital is implemented by planning, organizing, actuating, controlling and evaluating. The marketing mix is doing on product, price, promotion, and place. Conclusion: Hospital marketing mix activities have been doing well and there needs to be additional people, process and physical evidence elements to improve the marketing and image of the Hospital.
Implementasi Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien Berdasarkan Standar Komisi Akreditasi Rumah Sakit (KARS) di RSUD Wonosari Yogyakarta
Authors: Wahid Najwiah , Mudayana Ahmad Ahid
Published: August 2024

The safety of patient was important component in quality of service in health. The hospital of Wonosari was belongs to the government districts of Gunung Kidul type C whom has contribution in services of health for people. In 2016 facilities like barcode not yet in all rooms, human resources have not consistenly reported KTD, the bathroom floor was slippery so that it can cause an incidence of patient safety risk. Now overall the implementation of patient safety has been running optimally, such as the availability of supporting facilities and later of SOP, socoalization and training on evaluation and supervision have been held. The aims of this study to analyze the implementation of patient safety goals based on the hospital accreditation standards (KARS) at RSUD Wonosari Yogyakarta. This studied used qualitative methods through in-depth interviews, observation and document review. Data collection was done by interviewing 5 informants. Identification of patients using two identities, effective communication with SBAR and TBaK, stores medications that need to be watched out in a separate place, tagging used checklist patient at surgery, applied 6 steps and 5 handwashing moments from WHO, conduct initial assessment and reassessment of patients at risk of falled. The implementation of patient safety goals based on the KARS standard in RSUD Wonosari Yogyakarta has been running optimally.
Analisis Kebutuhan Tenaga Rekam Medis di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Grhasia Yogyakarta
Authors: Putri Mutiara Ginanty , Mudayana Ahmad Ahid
Published: August 2024

Workload analysis is an effort to calculate the workload in a work unit by adding up all workloads and then dividing it by individual work capacity, because there are still many officers who have double jobs. This research was conducted to analyze the number of manpower requirements at the Grhasia Mental Hospital Medical Record Installation in Yogyakarta which will be adjusted to the existing workload. This study used a qualitative method where data collection was obtained by observation using work sampling techniques to describe patterns of activity / workload and the proportion of time spent carrying out activities as well as conducting in-depth interviews with informants and document review. Meanwhile, the calculation of labor requirements uses the Workload Indicator Staffing Needs (WISN) method. The results showed that the use of officers' working time for productive activities was 60.3%, non-productive activities were 19% and personal activities were 20.7%. The results of calculations using WISN, the optimal number of medical record personnel is 17 people compared to the current number of personnel of 8 people. So that the need for medical record unit personnel requires additional details with 1 person in the assembling section, 3 people in the filling section, 4 people in the coding section, and 1 person in the reporting section. Based on the results of WISN calculations, the need for medical record personnel at Grhasia Mental Hospital Yogyakarta in 2021 requires additional personnel.
Analisis Piutang Rawat Inap pada Kasus JKN dengan Pendekatan Rasio Aktivitas di RSUP Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten
Authors: Indah Indrawati , Marwati Tri Ani
Published: August 2024

Rasio Aktivitas merupakan tipe analisis untuk menganalisis perputaran piutang dan periode pengumpulan piutang. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui piutang rawat inap pada kausu JKN dalam upaya manajemen untuk mengatasi klaim yang belum terbayar 22% dan piutang yang tertolak. Metode penelitian ini ialah menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus dengan 3 subjek penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan perhitungan perputaran piutang, pengumpulaan piutang. Hasil perhitungan perputaran piutang didaptakan sebesar 0,78 kali dan hasil perhitungan pengumpulan piutang didapatkan sebesar 275 hari dalam satu tahun. Hasil ini dikatakan tidak efisien. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya berkas klaim yang dikembalikan dan adanya piutang pasien. Berdasarkan perhitungan rasio aktivitas, total perputaran piutang di RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten terlalu lama. Hal ini disebabkan karena pengembalian berkas klaim dan piutang pasien, serta terdapat piutang yang tertolak.