bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Negative Deflection in Unipolar His-Bundle Electrogram as a Predictor of Excellent His-Bundle Pacing Threshold Postimplant
Authors: Sato Toshiaki , Soejima Kyoko , Maeda Akiko , Mohri Takato , Tashiro Mika , Momose Yuichi , Komeda Michitsugu , Nonoguchi Noriko , Hoshida Kyoko , Miwa Yosuke , Ueda Akiko , Togashi Ikuko
Published: May 2019

Background:

His-bundle pacing (HBP) is a physiological form of pacing. Although high capture thresholds are common, few predictors of low HBP threshold have been determined. We aimed to identify electrophysiological predictors.

Methods:

Fifty-one patients (53% with atrioventricular block) underwent HBP for bradycardia with an intrinsic QRS duration of <120 ms. Attempts to anchor the HBP lead were guided by unipolar His-bundle electrograms (HB EGMs) recorded with an electrophysiology recording system. Patients were followed-up for >6 months.

Results:

In total, 153 attempts at anchoring the HBP lead were made, of which, 45 achieved acceptable HBP thresholds (≤2.5 V at 1 ms). The amplitude of negative deflection in HB EGM and the selective HBP form at fixation were independently associated with achieving an acceptable threshold. A negative amplitude of ≥0.060 mV in HB EGM was determined as the optimal value for identifying the acceptable threshold. This deep negative HB EGM was recorded with an HBP threshold of 1.4±1.3 V (in 34 attempts), significantly lower than that of positive HB EGM without deep negative deflection (2.8±1.3 V, in 31 trials; or >5 V, in 38 trials). The permanent HBP lead remained with deep negative (≥0.060 mV) or positive HB EGMs in 28 and 14 patients, respectively, and with positive or negative HB injury current in 19 and 23 patients, respectively. During follow-up, increased HBP threshold of >1 V was significantly more prevalent in the positive HB EGM group. The HBP thresholds of deep negative HB EGM and HB injury current, but not of the selective HBP group, were significantly lower than the other subgroups during follow-up.

Conclusions:

Deep negative HB EGM at fixation was associated with an excellent short-term HBP threshold, similar to HB injury current. Analysis of unipolar HB EGM postfixation may enable prediction of permanent HBP threshold.
Diversity and distribution of nematodes associated with bark beetles in Israel
Authors: Xue Qing , Slonim Ofer , Bucki Patricia , Mendel Zvi , Protasov Alex , Golan Omer , Vieira Paulo , Braun Miyara Sigal
Published: May 2019

Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) have a significant economic impact on forest stands and agricultural settings in Israel. We focus on nematodes associated with bark beetles collected from different host plants attacked by Scolytinae. The sampling was conducted in forest plantations and fruit tree orchards in several areas in Israel. A total of 430 beetle specimens of eight species were examined for the presence of nematodes. Fifteen nematode species were detected and identified based on molecular and morphological characteristics. Among the examined scolytids, the pine bark beetle, Orthotomicus erosus, the most widely distributed and frequently occurring species in Israel, was accompanied by the highest nematode diversity, with 11 species recovered. Nematode associations with the almond bark beetle (Scolytus amygdali), the olive bark beetle (Phloeotribus scarabaeoides) and the fig bark beetle (Hypoborus ficus) were recorded for the first time. Our study thus supplies novel information on scolytid-associated nematodes in Israel.
Regulation mechanisms of positive cold tolerance in Mongolian sheep
Authors: Cao Yu , Pan Jing , Zhang Yanru , Zhou Huanmin
Published: May 2019

Mongolian sheep survive well on the Mongolian plateau during tremendously cold winters, but their cold response mechanisms are not well understood. By comparing with Dorper sheep originating from South Africa, we expected to reveal the cold tolerance mechanisms of Mongolian sheep on the basis of transcriptome data, further providing molecular evidence for the targeted breeding of sheep. Based on the mRNA data of RNA-seq, we selected candidate genes among the differentially expressed genes; 7 from adipose tissue, 33 from skeletal muscle, and 10 from the liver. According to enriched KEGG pathways and previous research results, the effects of the above candidate genes mainly involved weakening the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, raising the adaptive thermogenesis and browning adipogenesis in fat, reducing glucose 6-phosphate, stimulating citrulline generation and enhancing lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, and postponing cell senescence in the liver. The findings also demonstrate the regulation mechanisms of cold tolerance in different tissues of Mongolian sheep.
‘An Atmosphere of Genuine Solidarity and Brotherhood’: Hernán Santa-Cruz and a Forgotten Latin American Contribution to Social Rights
Authors: Quiroga-Villamarín Daniel Ricardo
Published: May 2019

Latin America played a crucial role in furthering the cause of human rights at the nascent United Nations (UN) when great powers were mostly interested in limiting the scope to issues of collective security. Following this line of thought, this article aims to understand the Latin American contributions to the promotion of ESCRs in both global and regional debates by tracing the figure of the Chilean diplomat Hernán Santa-Cruz and his efforts as both a drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and founder of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). In Santa-Cruz’s silhouette we can find a vivid example of Latin American thought regarding social rights, marked by the intersections and contradictions of regional discourses such as social Catholicism, socialist constitutionalism, and developmentalist economic theories.
Performative Rights and Situationist Ethics
Authors: Hoover Joe
Published: May 2019

Recent critiques of rights have enabled alternative understandings of their role in contemporary politics. In this article, I focus on the emergence of a performative understanding of rights, which conceptualises rights claims as reiterative acts that remake the protections and privileges marked out by rights. This promising reconstruction of rights requires a rethinking of the ethical justification of rights claims. If rights claims are creative political acts, rather than especially important duties, a justification focused on certainty and constraint will not do. Yet, we must still ask: what is a good rights claim? I argue, first, that a performative account of rights requires an ethical justification that embraces contingency while still providing an account of good political creativity, and, second, that focusing on the use of normative claims to address specific problems, which I term a situationist ethics—drawing on the philosophy of John Dewey, provides better grounding for performative rights claims.
Nordic Cooperation at a Crossroads
Authors: Niemivuo Matti , Viikari Lotta
Published: May 2019

Cooperation among the Nordic countries has been a modest affair since Finland and Sweden joined the EU in 1995. In particular, one can cite the decline in what previously was robust collaboration in law-making. Moreover, no new important conventions have been concluded among the countries in the 2000s.

The article argues that Nordic cooperation is at a crossroads. Many external and internal threats urge increased cooperation, such as the crisis in the EU following Brexit, the influx of asylum seekers, increased tension in the Baltic Sea, and the erosion of the Nordic welfare state. The particular threats and opportunities in the Nordic countries’ Arctic regions also signal a need for more intense cooperation. This is easier said than done, however, because the western Nordic states (Denmark, Iceland and Norway) differ in terms of legal system and security policy from the eastern ones (Finland and Sweden). An additional consideration is that Iceland and Norway do not belong to the EU; instead of membership they take part in economic integration as members of the Economic European Area.

After an introduction, the article provides a succinct account of the development of Nordic cooperation from before the Second World War to the present day. The third section then goes on to discuss Nordic cooperation in different areas of law and government. This is followed by an analysis of the conventions concluded among the Nordic countries and how well they have functioned. Continuing with a salient and illustrative example, the article goes on to examine and assess the attempts to draft a Nordic Saami Convention, an instrument that would apply to Saami living in Finland, Norway and Sweden.

In closing, the article evaluates the future prospects for Nordic cooperation in the form of collaborative law-making and conventions. Both seem to be rather difficult ways forward at the moment. One means for enhancing cooperation would be to improve the exchange of information. Encouraging examples in this regard are the Nordic Lawyers’ Conference, held in August 2017 in Helsinki, and the centenary meeting of the Nordic Federation of Public Administration, organised in 2018 in Iceland. An additional area that may have some potential for furthering cooperation is soft law.
Head Motion Elicited by Viewing Affective Pictures as Measured by a New LED-Based Technique
Authors: Kosonogov Vladimir , Martínez-Selva José M. , Torrente Ginesa , Carrillo-Verdejo Eduvigis , Arenas Aurelio , Sánchez-Navarro Juan P.
Published: May 2019

The complex sensory input and motor reflexes that keep body posture and head position aligned are influenced by emotional reactions evoked by visual or auditory stimulation. Several theoretical approaches have emphasized the relevance of motor reactions in emotional response. Emotions are considered as a tendency or predisposition to act that depends on two motivational systems in the brain — the appetitive system, related to approach behaviours, and the defensive system, related to withdrawal or fight-or-flight behaviours. Few studies on emotion have been conducted employing kinematic methods, however. Motion analysis of the head may be a promising method for studying the impact of viewing affective pictures on emotional response. For this purpose, we presented unpleasant, neutral and pleasant affective pictures. Participants were instructed to view the pictures and to remain still. Two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were attached to the foreheads of participants, and a Wii Remote controller, positioned 25 cm away, detected the position of the LEDs in the medial–lateral and anterior–posterior axes. We found more sway in response to unpleasant pictures. In addition, unpleasant pictures also provoked faster movements than both neutral and pleasant pictures. This response to unpleasant pictures, in contrast to pleasant ones, might reflect the readiness or predisposition to act. Our data also revealed that men moved faster than women, which is in accordance with previous findings related to gender differences.
Analysing the Impact of Music on the Perception of Red Wine via Temporal Dominance of Sensations
Authors: Wang Qian Janice , Mesz Bruno , Riera Pablo , Trevisan Marcos , Sigman Mariano , Guha Apratim , Spence Charles
Published: May 2019

Several studies have examined how music may affect the evaluation of food and drink, but the vast majority have not observed how this interaction unfolds in time. This seems to be quite relevant, since both music and the consumer experience of food/drink are time-varying in nature. In the present study we sought to fix this gap, using Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS), a method developed to record the dominant sensory attribute at any given moment in time, to examine the impact of music on the wine taster’s perception. More specifically, we assessed how the same red wine might be experienced differently when tasters were exposed to various sonic environments (two pieces of music plus a silent control condition). The results revealed diverse patterns of dominant flavours for each sound condition, with significant differences in flavour dominance in each music condition as compared to the silent control condition. Moreover, musical correspondence analysis revealed that differences in perceived dominance of acidity and bitterness in the wine were correlated in the temporality of the experience, with changes in basic auditory attributes. Potential implications for the role of attention in auditory flavour modification and opportunities for future studies are discussed.
High-Tempo and Stinky: High Arousal Sound–Odor Congruence Affects Product Memory
Authors: Peters Rit Marijn , Croijmans Ilja , Speed Laura J.
Published: May 2019

The tendency to match different sensory modalities together can be beneficial for marketing. Here we assessed the effect of sound–odor congruence on people’s attitude and memory for products of a familiar and unfamiliar brand. Participants smelled high- and low-arousal odors and then saw an advertisement for a product of a familiar or unfamiliar brand, paired with a high- or low-arousal jingle. Participants’ attitude towards the advertisement, the advertised product, and the product’s brand was measured, as well as memory for the product. In general, no sound–odor congruence effect was found on attitude, irrespective of brand familiarity. However, congruence was found to affect recognition: when a high-arousal odor and a high-arousal sound were combined, participants recognized products faster than in the other conditions. In addition, familiar brands were recognized faster than unfamiliar brands, but only when sound or odor arousal was high. This study provides insight into the possible applications of sound–odor congruence for marketing by demonstrating its potential to influence product memory.
Heretics and Party-crashers: Al-Khāṭīb al-Baghdādī’s Kitāb al-Taṭfīl
Authors: Selove Emily , Turner John
Published: May 2019

Al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī (d. 463/1071), best known for a book on the history of Baghdad and religious writings, also wrote Kitāb al-Taṭfīl, “The Book of Party-Crashing,” a collection of anecdotes he had heard from friends and fellow scholars. The work ranges from recalling party-crashing-related ḥadīths from the prophet Muḥammad to jokes and satirical government documents from his own time. Party-crashing (taṭfīl)-stories, besides being humorous, also give room to examine more serious issues. Stories about party-crashing are naturally concerned with inclusion and exclusion, i.e., who should be invited, and in this article, it is argued that some party-crashing stories in al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī’s book present arguments for more inclusiveness in religion.
Review of lady beetles in the Cycloneda germainii species complex (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae: Coccinellini) with descriptions of new and unusual species from Chile and surrounding countries
Authors: GONZÁLEZ GUILLERMO , VANDENBERG NATALIA J.
Published: May 2019

A complex of lady beetle species including Cycloneda germainii (Crotch) is reviewed and seven valid species recognized, including C. germainii, C. eryngii (Mulsant), C. sicardi (Brèthes), C. boliviana (Mulsant), and three new species, C. lacrimosa González & Vandenberg, n. sp., C. disconsolata Vandenberg & González, n. sp., and C. patagonica González & Vandenberg, n. sp.
A new species of Amphimedon (Porifera, Demospongiae, Haplosclerida, Niphatidae) from the Capricorn-Bunker Group of Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: target species for the sponge genome project
Authors: HOOPER JOHN N.A. , VAN SOEST ROB W.M.
Published: May 2019

A new niphatid demosponge, Amphimedon queenslandica sp.nov., is described from Heron and One Tree Islands, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. The new species is of particular significance as it is currently the subject of the first sponge genome project. The species is characterized within the globally distributed genus Amphimedon by its distinctive blue-green colour, and the combination of encrusting-lobate growth form, spongin-rich spiculofibres and feeble spicule size, The new species is compared and contrasted with known or suspected Amphimedon species of Australia and adjacent territories of Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia and Indonesia.
Descriptions of Palliolatrix gen.n. and seven new species from Middle America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae)
Authors: PRENA JENS
Published: May 2019

Palliolatrix gen.n. is erected and distinguished from Peridinetus Schönherr and Peridinetellus Champion. Ten Neotropical species are included, with the following seven newly described: P. palliolatrix sp.n. (type species; Costa Rica and Panama), P. attenuata sp.n. (Costa Rica and Panama), P. crassa sp.n. (Colombia), P. infucata sp.n. (Costa Rica), P. pulchra sp.n., (Costa Rica and Panama), P. tuberosa sp.n. (Guatemala, Nicaragua to Colombia) and P. virgata sp.n. (Colombia). New combinations are P. lineola (Kirsch) (from Megops Schönherr), P. insignis (Chevrolat) and P. quadrimaculata (Champion) (both from Peridinetus).
Immature stages of two species of Evandromyia (Aldamyia) and the systematic importance of larval mouthparts within Psychodidae (Diptera, Phlebotominae, Psychodinae)
Authors: PESSOA FELIPE ARLEY COSTA , FEITOSA MARLISSON AUGUSTO COSTA , CASTELLÓN-BERMÚDEZ ELOY GUILLERMO , RÍOS-VELÁSQUEZ CLAUDIA MARÍA , WARD RICHARD DOUGLAS
Published: May 2019

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of Leishmania, Bartonella and several arboviruses. Sand fly taxonomy has been mainly based on adult morphological characters and few larval characters have been used. In this work the egg and all larval instars of Evandromyia carmelinoi (= Lutzomyia carmelinoi migonei group of authors) are described, as well as the fourth instar of E. lenti, two morphologically similar species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy were used to describe the species. The sand flies E. carmelinoi and E. lenti can be differentiated most readily by the antennae and the shoulder accessory b setae on the thoracic segments. Some information on the mouthpart morphology of Phlebotominae and Psychodinae that could be useful for future phylogenetic and systematic studies is also provided.
A new Wagnerinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from northern Japan: Description including a DNA barcode
Authors: YOSHITAKE HIRAKU , KATO TOSHIHIDE , JINBO UTSUGI , ITO MOTOMI
Published: May 2019

Wagnerinus frugivorus sp. nov. (Ceutorhynchinae: Ceutorhynchini) is described from Hokkaido, northern Japan, based on morphological and biological characters. Morphologically, this new species closely resembles Wagnerinus carinulatus (Faust) from the Russian Far East and W. costatus (Hustache) from Japan and Korea in having an emarginate anterior margin of the rostrum, sternite VIII diminished to a pair of small sclerites, and longitudinal rows of endophallic sclerites. However, it is distinctive enough to be distinguished from W. carinulatus and W. costatus mainly by the more conspicuous mucrones of mid and hind tibiae, deeper concavities of ventrites I and II, and larger paired prominences of ventrite V. Also, W. frugivorus clearly differs from W. costatus in terms of host plant utilization, the former feeds on the seed capsules of Weigela middendorffiana (Caprifoliaceae) as larvae, while the latter utilizes midge galls on the axillary buds of Weigela species. In addition to general taxonomic information, we provide a 1366-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene from the holotype as a DNA barcode of W. frugivorus and discuss the importance of DNA barcoding combined with species descriptions.
Asphondylia gochnatiae, a new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Gochnatia polymorpha (Less.) Cabrera (Asteraceae)
Authors: MAIA VALÉRIA CID , SILVEIRA FERNANDO A. O. , OLIVEIRA LÁZARO A. , XAVIER MÁRCIA F.
Published: May 2019

Asphondylia gochnatiae Maia, a new species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) that induces leaf galls on Gochnatia polymorpha (Less.) Cabrera (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female and gall) based on material from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data on the gall biology is also provided.
A taxonomic review of the Palpada ruficeps species group, with the description of a new flower fly from Colombia (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: MENGUAL XIMO , THOMPSON F. CHRISTIAN
Published: May 2019

A new species of flower flies, Palpada prietorum Mengual spec. nov. (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae) is described from Cali, Colombia. The new species belongs to the ruficeps subgroup in the vinetorum species group. An identification key is provided for the species of the ruficeps subgroup, as well as a comparison of morphological diagnostic characters to separate these taxa. Fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, the D2-3 region of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) are supplied for two species, Palpada prietorum spec. nov. and Palpada ruficeps (Macquart, 1842).
Six new Stenus species of the cirrus group (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from China with a key to species of the group
Authors: LIANG TANG , ZHAO YUN-LONG , PUTHZ VOLKER
Published: May 2019

Six new Stenus species of the cirrus group are described from China: S. zhulilongi Tang & Puthz, sp. nov., S. jiulongshanus Tang & Puthz, sp. nov. and S. shenshanjiai Tang & Puthz, sp. nov. from Zhejiang Prov., S. lijinweni Tang & Puthz, sp. nov. from Zhejiang and Jiangxi Prov., S. flammeus Tang & Puthz, sp. nov. and S. bostrychus Tang & Puthz, sp. nov. from Sichuan Prov., and their diagnostic characters are illustrated. The male of S. cirrus L. Benick, 1940 was found and illustrated for the first time. A key to species of the cirrus group is provided. All six new species have diagnostic characters of the subgenus Hypostenus. Some species of this group, including S. cirrus, fit the concept of the subgenus Hemistenus.
Leptathanas powelli gen. nov., sp. nov, a new infaunal alpheid shrimp associated with upogebiid mudshrimps in Nigeria (Crustacea, Decapoda)
Authors: DE GRAVE S. , ANKER A.
Published: May 2019

A new alpheid shrimp genus and species is described from the Niger delta in Nigeria. Leptathanas powelli gen. nov., sp. nov. appears to be associated “commensally” with burrows of mudshrimps, Upogebia furcata (Aurivillius, 1898) (Thalassinidea, Upogebiidae). Leptathanas gen. nov. is superficially similar to Leptalpheus Williams, 1965, a genus composed exclusively of infaunal species. However, it is more closely related to a generic complex around Athanas Leach, 1814, and in particular to Athanopsis Coutière, 1896. The main diagnostic features of Leptathanas gen. nov. are the presence of an articulated plate on the sixth pleonite; the frontal margin of the carapace with a very short rostral projection and without orbital teeth; the asymmetrical and unequal chelipeds carried folded, with the propodus fitting in a ventral excavation of the merus; and the presence of stout cuspidate setae on the protopod of the uropod.
A new species of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) attacking Quadrastichus spp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) galling Erythrina spp. (Fabaceae), with a summary of African Eurytoma biology and species checklist
Authors: GATES M. , DELVARE G.
Published: May 2019

Eurytoma erythrinae Gates and Delvare, new species, is described and illustrated. This species was reared from fieldcollected galls on Erythrina spp. (Fabaceae) induced by Quadrastichus spp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in Tanzania, Ghana, and South Africa. It is compared with very similar African species, Eurytoma radicicola Risbec. Afrotropical species classified in Eurytoma are reviewed and twenty-seven new combinations are proposed: Aximopsis acaciacola (Hedqvist) comb. n., A. caryedocida (Rasplus) comb. n., A. lamtoensis (Rasplus) comb. n., A. mateui (Hedqvist) comb. n., A. mimosarum (Rasplus) comb. n., A. obocki (Risbec) comb. n., A. oryzivora (Delvare) comb. n., A. saharensis (Hedqvist) comb. n., A. senegalensis (Risbec) comb. n., A. tropicana (Risbec) comb. n., Bruchophagus conapionis (Rasplus) comb. n., Fronsoma ellenbergeri (Risbec) comb. n., Gibsonoma amborasahae (Risbec) comb. n., G. aphloiae (Risbec) comb. n., G. bararakae (Risbec) comb. n., G. eugeniae (Risbec) comb. n., G. mandrakae (Risbec) comb. n., G. pauliani (Risbec) comb. n., G. plectroniae (Risbec) comb. n., G. tavolae (Risbec) comb. n., Philolema arachnovora (Hesse) comb. n., P. arnoldi (Waterston) comb. n., P. bambeyi (Risbec) comb. n., P. braconidis (Ferrière) comb. n., and P. syleptae (Ferri_re) comb. n., Phylloxeroxenus cressoni (Howard) comb. n., and Sycophila plectroniae (Risbec) comb. n. Lectotypes are designated for ten species: Eurytoma perineti Risbec, E. radicicola Risbec, E. toddaliae Risbec, Gibsonoma amborasahae (Risbec), G. aphloiae (Risbec), G. eugeniae (Risbec), G. mandrakae (Risbec), G. pauliani (Risbec), G. tavolae (Risbec), and P. bambeyi (Risbec). We also provide a checklist of Afrotropical species that are or were classified in Eurytoma and tabulate the known host/associations of these species with references.
Desertathrips chuquiraga gen. et sp.n. (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) from Argentina
Authors: DE BORBÓN CARLOS MANUEL
Published: May 2019

A new genus and species of Thripidae, Desertathrips chuquiraga, is described from Mendoza, Argentina, from the flowers of the endemic plant Chuquiraga erinacea (Asteraceae). Similar to Anaphothrips species in lacking any long pronotal setae, this species is one of a small group of Neotropical Thripinae in which males have a glandular opening between the second and third abdominal sternites. A check-list is included of 120 Thysanoptera species in 69 genera recorded from Argentina.
The butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of the Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: NOBRE CARLOS EDUARDO B. , SCHLINDWEIN CLEMENS , MIELKE OLAF H.
Published: May 2019

The first butterfly checklist for the Caatinga region and information about the taxonomic composition and seasonal structure of these butterflies is presented here. This study was conducted in the Catimbau National Park, located in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The butterflies were collected from September, 2005, to August, 2006; 5 days per month, on trails exhibiting flowering plants and also by using fruit-bait traps. A total of 121 butterfly species was recorded; half of them exclusively in the rainy season, 7% exclusively in the dry season and 42% in both seasons. The species richness was low when compared to neotropical rainforest habitats, due to strong seasonality and the structurally simple vegetation. The butterfly fauna is dominated by species typical for open areas and of wide geographical distribution. No endemism was discovered.
Sand wasp (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) parasites emerging from mud wasp nests (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)—a reliable host record of Thraxan Yeates & Lambkin (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Anthracinae) with description of the pupal exuviae of three Thraxan species
Authors: LI XUANKUN , YUAN DAVID , RODRIGUEZ JUANITA , YEATES DAVID K.
Published: May 2019

Two female Thraxan sp. (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Anthracinae) emerged from parasitised Pison simillimum Smith (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) larvae found inside a Sceliphron formosum Smith (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) mud wasps nest. Thraxan sp. larvae are endoparasites of P. simillimum larvae. The endoparasite pupates inside the host larva, kills it, and emerges free of the host body. We describe and illustrate the pupal exuviae of the newly found species and two known species, T. luteus Yeates & Lambkin and T. misatulus Yeates & Lambkin, and we compare these pupal exuviae to those of Anthrax Scopoli.
Two new species of Zatypota (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) sharing the same host spider in Northeast Brazil
Authors: SOBCZAK JOBER FERNANDO , DE PÁDUA DIEGO GALVÃO , VILLANUEVA- BONILLA GERMAN ANTONIO , DE SOUSA NÓBREGA FRANCISCO AGEU , MESSAS YURI FANCHINI
Published: May 2019

Some polysphinctine wasps of the genus Zatypota complete their life cycles upon theridiid host spiders. The host range of these wasps is usually species-specific, although in some less common associations more than one wasp species interacts with the same host spider. Here we describe and illustrate the polysphinctine wasps Zatypota baezae sp. n. and Zatypota mulunguensis sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), both koinobiont ectoparasitoids of the spider Anelosimus baeza (Theridiidae). The two parasitoid wasps show the same development time (12 days) which was longer when compared with other parasitoid wasps Z. anomala Holmgren and Z. riverai Gauld (nine days). As described for other species of Zatypota and Hymenoepimecis, the second larval instar remains attached to the spider by the remains of the chorion and also by a rigid brownish-semitransparent membrane called a saddle.
Effects of the Mean Flow on Martian Transient Eddy Activity: Studies with an Idealized General Circulation Model
Authors: Mooring Todd A. , Held Isaac M. , Wilson R. John
Published: May 2019

The extent to which the eddy statistics of the Martian atmosphere can be inferred from the mean state and highly simplified assumptions about diabatic and frictional processes is investigated using an idealized general circulation model (GCM) with Newtonian relaxation thermal forcing. An iterative technique, adapted from previous terrestrial studies, is used to generate radiative equilibrium temperatures such that the three-dimensional time-mean temperature fields of the idealized model match means computed from the Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation (MACDA). Focusing on a period of strong Northern Hemisphere eddy activity prior to winter solstice, it is found that the idealized model reproduces some key features of the spatial patterns of the MACDA eddy temperature variance and kinetic energy fields. The idealized model can also simulate aspects of MACDA’s seasonal cycle of spatial patterns of low-level eddy meridional wind and temperature variances. The most notable weakness of the model is its eddy amplitudes—both their absolute values and seasonal variations are quite unrealistic, for reasons unclear. The idealized model was also run with a mean flow based on output from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) full-physics Mars GCM. The idealized model captures the difference in mean flows between MACDA and the GFDL Mars GCM and reproduces a bias in the more complex model’s eddy zonal wavenumber distribution. This implies that the mean flow is an important influence on transient eddy wavenumbers and that improving the GFDL Mars GCM’s mean flow would make its eddy scales more realistic.
Values, Bias, and Stressors Affect Intentions to Adapt to Coastal Flood Risk: A Case Study from New York City
Authors: Buchanan Maya K. , Oppenheimer Michael , Parris Adam
Published: May 2019

Sea level rise amplifies flooding from tides and storms for coastal communities around the globe. Although the characterization of these physical hazards has improved, it is people’s behavior that will ultimately determine the impact on communities. This study adds to our understanding of how people may respond to various adaptation options and policies, using a household survey in New York City, New York, neighborhoods affected by Hurricane Sandy. We investigate previously overlooked factors that may influence intended household adaptive behavior, such as single-action bias, a cognitive trade-off that households make between adaptation options, whereby taking a small (and often less effective measure) may strongly discourage uptake of a more protective measure. Through a novel application of discrete choice experiments in the coastal adaptation context, we simulate plausible future conditions to assess potential adaptation under climatic and nonclimatic stressors. Our findings suggest that single-action bias plays a substantial role in intended coastal adaptation, whereby the odds of homeowners who have already implemented a modest-cost measure to insure and relocate in the future are 66% and 80% lower, respectively. The odds of homeowners to relocate are also ~1.9, ~2.2, and ~3.1 times as great if their peers relocate, nuisance flooding becomes a frequent occurrence, and property values fall substantially, respectively. We find that renters’ motivation to relocate is largely driven more by external issues such as crime, gentrification, and economic security than by flood hazard.
Mortality Salience and Age Effects on Charitable Donations
Authors: Roberts Jennifer R. , Maxfield Molly
Published: May 2019

Research suggests that people are typically more generous in later life. Terror management theory offers one explanation for this pattern. The theory suggests that humans’ innate desire to survive results in strong reactions to increased awareness of mortality, thereby affecting behaviors. Older adults’ increasing proximity to life’s end has been associated with greater generative concern, as a means of caring for future generations and ensuring symbolic immortality. This experimental study evaluated the effects of age and mortality salience on charitable giving. Age and mortality salience interacted to affect donations overall and specifically for in-group and out-group donations. Compared with respective age-based control groups, findings indicate that mortality salience primes led young adults to donate less overall to the in-group, and older adults to donate more overall and more to the out-group. Middle-aged adults’ donations did not vary according to priming condition. Results suggest that contemplation of mortality differentially affects charitable donations of young and older adults.
Culturally and Ecologically Sustaining Pedagogies: Cultivating Glocally Generous Classrooms and Societies
Authors: Liu Laura B. , Li Qiong
Published: May 2019

Generosity is a shared virtue with distinct expressions across cultures and regions. This article engages 26 teacher education students in a/r/tographic exploration of local cultures and ecologies during a 1-week global teacher education program at a large, urban university in China. Participants across eight Chinese provinces/municipalities, and the nations of Brazil, Canada, South Africa, South Korea, and the United States reflected on and shared local cultures and ecologies via photo collage, autobiographical reflection, children’s book creation, and lesson plan creation. This article presents a generosity-inspired theory for culturally and ecologically sustaining pedagogies to demonstrate how local cultures and ecologies shape global norms and understandings and make a case for why such local generosity must be sustained. A/r/tography emerged in this article as a meaningful pedagogical practice for examining, sharing, and appreciating local cultural and ecological generosity across global contexts.
The capacity to consent to sex in mental health inpatient units
Authors: Maylea Christopher
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Discussions of capacity to consent in mental health care usually revolve around capacity to consent to treatment. This paper instead explores the issue of capacity to consent to sexual activity in a mental health inpatient setting as a way of exploring capacity from a different perspective. This is not a purely theoretical exercise, with both consensual sexual activity and sexual assault commonplace in mental health inpatient units, current policy and practice approaches are clearly not working and require re-examination.

Methods:

Four key frameworks are explored: human rights law, mental health law, the criminal law and the law of tort governing the duty of care. These frameworks are explored by highlighting relevant case law and statutes and considering their potential application in practice. This is undertaken using the state of Victoria, Australia, as a case study.

Results:

The four frameworks are shown to be consistent with each other but inconsistent with contemporary policy. All four legal frameworks explored require clinicians to take a case-by-case assessment to ensure that a person’s right to make their own decisions is preserved ‘ unless the contrary is demonstrably justified’ or where it is ‘ legally demanded’. While Victorian inpatient units attempt to enforce a blanket ban on consensual sexual activity in inpatient settings, this ban may be without legal basis and may be in breach of both human rights and mental health law.

Conclusion:

In policing the lawful bodily interactions of their patients and pushing sexual activity out of sight, clinicians may be breaching their duty of care to provide sexual health support and risk creating an environment in which the therapeutic relationship will be sacrificed to the enforcement of institutional policy. Clinicians and policymakers must understand the relevant legal frameworks to ensure that they are acting ethically and lawfully.
Hydroxyurea Initiation Among Children With Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Reeves Sarah L. , Jary Hannah K. , Gondhi Jennifer P. , Raphael Jean L. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Dombkowski Kevin J.
Published: May 2019

This study assesses characteristics of children with sickle cell anemia associated with hydroxyurea initiation. Medicaid administrative claims from 6 states (2005-2012) were used to identify children with sickle cell anemia enrolled in Medicaid for ≥2 years. Hydroxyurea use was defined as >30 days’ supply of filled prescriptions. Children were classified as initiators (no use in year 1; use in year 2) or nonusers (no use in either year). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between initiation, health care encounters, and demographics. A total of 4435 children were enrolled for 2 years during the study period; 885 (20.0%) initiators and 3080 (69.4%) nonusers. Children had an annual mean of 2.0 sickle cell disease–related inpatient admissions (SD = 2.2), 8.2 sickle cell disease–related outpatient visits (SD = 7.2), and 3.6 emergency department visits (SD = 3.5). The odds of initiating hydroxyurea increased with increasing health care utilization, age, and calendar year (all P values <.05).
Correlates of Chinese Police Officer Decision-Making in Cases of Domestic Violence
Authors: Wang Xinting , Hayes Brittany E. , Zhang Hongwei
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the current study is to uncover whether extralegal factors play a significant role in Chinese police officers’ decision-making in response to a hypothetical incident of domestic violence (DV). Data were collected from a sample of Chinese police officers located in southwestern China. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between the attitudes and beliefs of police officers and their decision-making in DV (i.e., recommend putting suspect into custody, victim into custody, and mediation; N = 514). The results suggest extralegal factors associated with culture do exert a significant effect on police officers’ decision-making in cases of DV, but the extent may be minimal. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Correlates of internalized stigma levels in people with psychosis in the Czech Republic
Authors: Alexová Aneta , Kågström Anna , Winkler Petr , Kondrátová Lucie , Janoušková Miroslava
Published: May 2019

Background:

Internalized stigma negatively affects lives and prognosis of individuals with psychosis.

Aim:

This study aimed to identify correlates of internalized stigma among individuals with psychosis in a sample of community care users in the Czech Republic.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 133 community service users with psychosis. A shortened version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI-10) scale was used alongside the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L), assessing health-related quality of life. Descriptive and linear regression analyses were performed in order to determine levels of internalized stigma and its correlates.

Results:

High levels of internalized stigma were reported in 25% of participants. Lower internalized stigma levels were associated with better self-reported health status and being married, and higher internalized stigma with a longer period of time since initial contact with psychiatric care.

Conclusion:

Lower internalized stigma levels are associated with better self-reported health-related quality of life. In addition, clients having used psychiatric care for longer periods of time reported significantly higher internalized stigma levels. Therefore, authors suggest self-stigma reduction interventions based in a community setting with an emphasis on targeting clients with chronic psychosis.
Low-temperature vulcanizable chloroprene rubber–bromobutyl rubber blend for encapsulation of undersea sensors: Nonconventional cure systems and reaction kinetics
Authors: Mohanadas PN , Mukundan T , Santhanakrishnan T
Published: May 2019

Blends of chloroprene rubber (CR) and bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) are used in making the undersea sensors watertight by a process of encapsulation. The encapsulation process is conventionally done at high temperature approximately 150°C and above using high-temperature vulcanization (HTV). However, the new class of acoustic sensors like polyvinilidenefluride (PVDF) and thin film PZT are highly temperature sensitive and fragile in nature and hence they require low-temperature vulcanization (LTV) process to avoid damages and protect their full functionalities. However, conventional cure systems are not adoptable in LTV process and hence there is a need for the search of alternate cure systems. Not much work has been reported in this area. This article reports a nonconventional cure system vulcanizable with LTV and the associated reaction kinetics for a commonly used CR–BIIR blend for encapsulation of undersea sensors. Formulations have been attempted with cure systems based on red lead (Pb3O4) and zinc oxide (ZnO) for CR–BIIR blend in 80:20 weight ratio, instead of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and ethylene thiourea system, which are conventionally used in HTV. The cure parameters at low temperature between 70°C and 120°C and the activation energy for cure reactions ( E a) were estimated using MDR 2000 rheometer. Essential prerequisites like water resistance, electrical resistivity, and physicomechanical properties for sensor application are qualitatively analyzed for the blend cured at 90°C. The results reveal that the proposed nonconventional cure systems are able to bring down the cure temperature of CR–BIIR blend to 90°C from 150°C enabling the suitability of the materials for undersea sensor encapsulation.
Physical Activity Health Communication for Adults With Mood Disorders in the United States
Authors: Keller Abiola O. , Ortiz Angela
Published: May 2019

Using national representative data, this study sought to examine receipt of physical activity communication and counseling among adults with mood disorders in comparison to the general population in the United States. The sample consisted of adult primary-care visits in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care and National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between mental health status and receipt of physical activity communication and counseling. Overall, less than 20% of visits included physical activity communication and counseling. Controlling for covariates, visits for adults with a mood disorder diagnosis were associated with an increased odds of including physical activity communication and counseling, odds ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = [1.08, 1.45]. Although adults with mood disorders were more likely to receive physical activity communication and counseling, most primary-care visits for adults in the United States did not include physical activity communication and counseling.
Romantic partner support during pregnancy: The discrepancy between self-reported and coder-rated support as a risk factor for prenatal psychopathology and stress
Authors: River Laura M. , Narayan Angela J. , Atzl Victoria M. , Rivera Luisa M. , Lieberman Alicia F.
Published: May 2019

Romantic partner support from the father-to-be is associated with women’s mental health during pregnancy. However, most studies of partner support rely upon women’s responses to self-report questionnaires, which may be biased and should be corroborated by efficient, coder-rated measures of partner support. This study tested whether the Five-Minute Speech Sample (FMSS), adapted to assess expressed emotion about romantic partners, can provide information about partner support during pregnancy that is less prone to bias than self-report. Participants were 101 low-income, ethnically diverse pregnant women who completed self-report questions on partner support quality and the FMSS. Self-reported and coder-rated (FMSS) partner support were highly correlated and were each significantly associated with self-reported depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, perceived stress, and partner victimization during pregnancy. Self-reported and coder-rated support corresponded in approximately 75% of cases; however, nearly 25% of women self-reported high support but received low FMSS support ratings. These women reported elevated PTSD symptoms, perceived stress, and victimization during pregnancy. While self-reported partner support may be valid for many respondents, the FMSS is less susceptible to reporting biases and may better identify women facing heightened psychopathology and stress during pregnancy, who would benefit from supportive intervention.
Sodium benzoate for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week trial
Authors: Lin C-H , Chen P-K , Wang S-H , Lane H-Y
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Sodium benzoate, a D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor, improved cognitive function of early-phase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) after 24-week treatment. This study examined benzoate treatment for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

Methods:

In a double-blind, 6-week trial, 97 patients with BPSD were randomized to receive placebo or benzoate (mean dose: 622.0 mg/day). The primary outcomes were ADAS-cog and BEHAVE-AD.

Results:

Two treatments showed similar safety and primary and secondary outcomes.

Conclusions:

Compared to antecedent 24-week, higher-dose treatment for early-phase AD, benzoate appeared ineffective in this 6-week trial. Longer-duration, higher-dose trials are warranted to clarify its efficacy for BPSD.
Factors associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in family caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Xu Xin Yi , Kwan Rick Yiu Cho , Leung Angela Yee Man
Published: May 2019

Objective

This study aimed to systematically review studies that reported factors associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in family caregivers of people with dementia (PWD).

Methods

Literature was searched in PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO using keywords generated from the terms “dementia”, “caregiver”, and “cardiovascular disease”. We included studies that examined factors associated with CVD risk in family caregivers of PWD, those with longitudinal or cross-sectional study designs, and those published in English.

Results

A total of 34 studies were included in this review. Stress and depressive symptoms, pleasant leisure activity, coping self-efficacy and coping strategy, physical activity, and social support were the main modifiable associated factors of CVD risk in family caregivers of PWD. However, the association between sleep and CVD risk was unclear. Caregiving status, the duration of caregiving, genes, and race, were the main non-modifiable associated factors of CVD risk in family caregivers.

Conclusion

This review showed seven modifiable factors of CVD risk. In particular, leisure activities, physical activity, and social support were significantly negatively associated with the risk of CVD. Researchers and clinical professionals are recommended to consider these risk factors when they develop interventions to reduce CVD risk in family caregivers of PWD.