bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decentralized Model Predictive Control for Cooperative Multiple Vehicles Subject to Communication Loss
Authors: Izadi Hojjat A. , Gordon Brandon W. , Zhang Youmin
Published: May 2011

The decentralized model predictive control (DMPC) of multiple cooperative vehicles with the possibility of communication loss/delay is investigated. The neighboring vehicles exchange their predicted trajectories at every sample time to maintain the cooperation objectives. In the event of a communication loss (packet dropout), the most recent available information, which is potentially delayed, is used. Then the communication loss problem changes to a cooperative problem when random large communication delays are present. Such large communication delays can lead to poor cooperation performance and unsafe behaviors such as collisions. A new DMPC approach is developed to improve the cooperation performance and achieve safety in the presence of the large communication delays. The proposed DMPC architecture estimates the tail of neighbor's trajectory which is not available due to the large communication delays for improving the performance. The concept of the tube MPC is also employed to provide the safety of the fleet against collisions, in the presence of large intervehicle communication delays. In this approach, a tube shaped trajectory set is assumed around the trajectory of the neighboring vehicles whose trajectory is delayed/lost. The radius of tube is a function of the communication delay and vehicle's maneuverability (in the absence of model uncertainty). The simulation of formation problem of multiple vehicles is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Expression of Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in Varicose Vein Wall; Preliminary Results
Authors: Haviarová Zora , Janegová Andrea , Janega Pavel , Durdík Štefan , Kováč Peter , Štvrtinová Viera , Mráz Peter
Published: May 2011

There are conflicting findings in literature about the structural changes of the primary varicose veins. NO (a potent vasodilatator) is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). From 3 known NOS isoforms the two are constitutional: eNOS (endothelial NOS) and nNOS (neuronal NOS). 10 varicose and 10 control vein samples were processed by standard light microscopy and immuno-histochemica techniques using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against eNOS and nNOS. Antibodies expression was evaluated semiquantitatively and proved morphometrically by 2D-image analysis. total area of NOS isoforms expressions was determined by color analysis and color digital subtraction. The results showed discontinuous and significantly lower expression of both NOS isoforms the in the tunica media of varicose veins compared with the control group. For the statistical analysis the unpaired -test was used. Our results suppose lower NO levels in varicose vein wall, deducing that varicose dilatation is due to other mechanism, and they contradict the results of previously published similar works.
Mosaic Evolution of Brainstem Motor Nuclei in Catarrhine Primates
Authors: Dobson Seth D. , Sherwood Chet C.
Published: May 2011

Facial motor nucleus volume coevolves with both social group size and primary visual cortex volume in catarrhine primates as part of a specialized neuroethological system for communication using facial expressions. Here, we examine whether facial nucleus volume also coevolves with functionally unrelated brainstem motor nuclei (trigeminal motor and hypoglossal) due to developmental constraints. Using phylogenetically informed multiple regression analyses of previously published brain component data, we demonstrate that facial nucleus volume is not correlated with the volume of other motor nuclei after controlling for medulla volume. Our results show that brainstem motor nuclei can evolve independently of other developmentally linked structures in association with specific behavioral ecological conditions. This finding provides additional support for the mosaic view of brain evolution.
Fabrication of Lateral Polysilicon Gap of Less than 50 nm Using Conventional Lithography
Authors: Dhahi Th. S. , Hashim U. , Ali M. E. , Ahmed N. M. , Nazwa T.
Published: May 2011

We report a thermal oxidation process for the fabrication of nanogaps of less than 50 nm in dimension. Nanogaps of this dimension are necessary to eliminate contributions from double-layer capacitance in the dielectric detection of protein or nucleic acid. The method combines conventional photolithography and pattern-size reduction techniques. The gaps are fabricated on polysilicon-coated silicon substrate with gold electrodes. The dimensions of the structure are determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An electrical characterization of the structures by dielectric analyzer (DA) shows an improved conductivity as well as enhanced permittivity and capacity with the reduction of gap size, suggesting its potential applications in the detection of biomolecule with very low level of power supply. Two chrome Masks are used to complete the work: the first Mask is for the nanogap pattern and the second one is for the electrodes. An improved resolution of pattern size is obtained by controlling the oxidation time. The method expected to enable fabrication of nanogaps with a wide ranging designs and dimensions on different substrates. It is a simple and cost-effective method and does not require complicated nanolithography process for fabricating desired nanogaps in a reproducible fashion.
Seizure and Hepatosplenomegaly—Rare Manifestation of Parvovirus B-19: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kamlesh Yadav , Pallav Gupta , Manjula Murari , Rohan Malik
Published: June 2011

Parvovirus B19 is the etiologic agent of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), a fever-rash illness occurring in childhood. We present a 10 month old child with high grade fever for 10 days, generalized tonic-clonic seizure, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, generalized maculopapular rash, hematemesis and malena. Bone marrow aspiration and liver biopsy were done. EBV serology and parvovirus PCR were also performed. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed giant pro-erythroblast consistent with parvovirus infection. PCR showed amplification of parvovirus genomic sequences. Present case highlights an atypical presentation of Parvovirus B19 infection as fever, rash and hepatosplenomegaly.
Exploring the Association between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Initial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients with Acute Optic Neuritis
Authors: Costello Fiona , Hodge William , Pan Y. Irene
Published: May 2011

Background. Recent studies have shown that OCT-measured retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) values may represent a marker for axonal damage in the anterior visual pathway of optic neuritis (ON) and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The goal of this study was to determine the link between RNFL values and initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in patients with acute ON.Methods. Fifty patients who experienced ON as a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) were followed for a mean period of 34 months with OCT testing. RNFL values in affected (ON) eyes and clinically unaffected (non-ON) eyes were compared between patients with MRI evidence of white matter lesions and those with normal baseline MRI findings, over a two year period.Findings. Twenty-one patients (42%) developed clinically definite MS (CDMS) during the study. After two years, temporal RNFL values were thinner (P=.07) in ON patients with MRI lesions at baseline, but the results were not significant.Conclusions. There is no association between RNFL values and baseline MRI status in ON patients at risk for future CDMS over a two year period.
Stochastic Dynamics of Nonautonomous Cohen‐Grossberg NeuralNetworks
Authors: Huang Chuangxia , Cao Jinde
Published: May 2011

This paper is devoted to the study of the stochastic stability of a class of
Cohen‐Grossberg neural networks, in which the interconnections and delays are time‐varying.
With the help of Lyapunov function, Burkholder‐Davids‐Gundy inequality,
and Borel‐Cantell′s theory, a set of novel sufficient conditions on pth moment exponential stability and almost sure exponential stability for the trivial solution
of the system is derived. Compared with the previous published results, our method
does not resort to the Razumikhin‐type theorem and the semimartingale convergence
theorem. Results of the development as presented in this paper are more general than
those reported in some previously published papers. An illustrative example is also
given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Watercress and Water Quality: The Effect of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate on the Mating Behaviour ofGammarus pulex
Authors: Dixon Melanie J. , Shaw Peter J.
Published: May 2011

Watercress releases phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) upon wounding as a defence against herbivores. PEITC levels released from watercress farms are elevated due to cropping, washing, and processing and are thought to lead to adverse effects onGammarus pulexin chalk streams. This study elucidates the sublethal effect of PEITC on reproductive behaviour ofG. pulex, employingex situtests to investigate the disruption of precopular pairing under conditions simulatingin situexposure. Mean time to separation of precopular pairs was 89 ± 6 minutes for watercress wash water (1 g watercress per litre water) and 81 ± 15 minutes for pure PEITC (1 μL/L). Re-exposure to watercress wash water to simulate the pulsed operation at a watercress farm did not alter behavioural response. The repeated interruption of reproductive behaviour underin situconditions would impair long-term reproductive success and could explain in part low abundance ofG. pulexdownstream of watercress farms.
Chronic Heat Stress Weakened the Innate Immunity and Increased the Virulence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Mice
Authors: Jin Yi , Hu Yanxin , Han Deping , Wang Ming
Published: May 2011

Chronic heat stress (CHS) can negatively affect immune response in animals. In this study we assessed the effects of CHS on host innate immunity and avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in mice. Mice were divided into two groups: CHS and thermally neutral (TN). The CHS treatment group exhibited reduced local immunity in the respiratory tract, including the number of pulmonary alveolar macrophages and lesions in the nasal mucosa, trachea, and lungs. Meanwhile, CHS retarded dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and reduced the mRNA levels of IL‐6 and IFN‐β significantly (P < .05). After the CHS treatment, mice were infected with H5N1 virus. The mortality rate and viral load in the lungs of CHS group were higher than those of TN group. The results suggest that the CHS treatment could suppress local immunity in the respiratory tract and innate host immunity in mice significantly and moderately increased the virulence in H5N1‐infected mice.
Pulmonary Hypertension Related to Left-Sided Cardiac Pathology
Authors: Kiefer Todd L. , Bashore Thomas M.
Published: May 2011

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the end result of a variety of diverse pathologic processes. The chronic elevation in pulmonary artery pressure often leads to right ventricular pressure overload and subsequent right ventricular failure. In patients with left-sided cardiac disease, PH is quite common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This article will review the literature as it pertains to the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of PH related to aortic valve disease, mitral valve disease, left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Moreover, therapeutic strategies, which focus on treating the underlying cardiac pathology will be discussed.
Biomarkers in Overactive Bladder: A New Objective and Noninvasive Tool?
Authors: Antunes-Lopes Tiago , Carvalho-Barros Sérgio , Cruz Célia-Duarte , Cruz Francisco , Martins-Silva Carlos
Published: May 2011

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a highly prevalent urinary dysfunction, with considerable economic and human costs. Clinical diagnosis of OAB is still based on subjective symptoms. A new accurate, objective and noninvasive test to diagnose OAB and assess therapeutic outcome is lacking. Recent studies in lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunctions, particularly in OAB patients, indicate that urinary proteins (neurotrophins, prostaglandins, and cytokines), serum C reactive protein, and detrusor wall thickness are altered, and such changes could be used as biomarkers of the disease. Nowadays, increasing emphasis has been given to the role of urinary neurotrophins, namely nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as key players in some urinary dysfunctions. Although recently considered to be a bladder dysfunction biomarker, urinary NGF presents low sensitivity and specificity. Preliminary results suggest that BDNF may serve as a more efficient biomarker. Even though we have to wait for future studies to confirm the potential role of NGF and BDNF as OAB biomarkers, it is already clear that neurotrophins will contribute to elucidate the physiopathological basis of OAB. Herein are reviewed the latest advances in this new and exciting field, the detection and clinical application of emerging OAB biomarkers.
Endoscopic Treatment of a Gastrocutaneous Fistula Using the Over-The-Scope-Clip System: A Case Report
Authors: Kouklakis Georgios , Zezos Petros , Liratzopoulos Nikolaos , Gatopoulou Anthia , Oikonomou Anastasia , Pitiakoudis Michail , Efremidou Eleni , Simopoulos Constantinos
Published: May 2011

The over-the-scope-clip (OTSC; Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany) system is a newly designed method for the mechanical compression of large areas in the gastrointestinal tract. So far, indications for OTSC application are hemostasis of primary or postinterventional bleeding, closure of iatrogenic full-thickness or covered perforations. Recently closure of gastrointestinal tract fistulas using this device has been described. A 44-year-old man developed a gastrocutaneous fistula after surgical treatment for a perforated gastric ulcer. We describe the successful endoscopic closure of the fistula using the OTSC system. The patient's clinical followup was uneventful. Fistula closure was successfully implemented as it was documented by imaging and endoscopic examinations performed on the 2nd day and 6th week after the application of the clip. Endoscopic application of the OTSC device was safe and effective for the treatment of a gastrocutaneous fistula.
Stability and Numerical Analysis of the Hébraud‐Lequeux Model for Suspensions
Authors: Giménez Ángel , Morillas Francisco , Valero José , Amigó José María
Published: May 2011

We study both analytically and numerically the stability of the solutions of the Hébraud‐Lequeux equation. This parabolic equation models the evolution for the probability of finding a stress σ
in a mesoscopic block of a concentrated suspension, a non‐Newtonian fluid. We prove a new result concerning the stability of the fixed points of the equation, and pose some conjectures about stability, based on numerical evidence.
Chlamydia trachomatisImmune Evasion via Downregulation of MHC Class I Surface Expression Involves Direct and Indirect Mechanisms
Authors: Ibana Joyce A. , Schust Danny J. , Sugimoto Jun , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Greene Sheila J. , Quayle Alison J.
Published: May 2011

GenitalC. trachomatisinfections typically last for many months in women. This has been attributed to several strategies by whichC. trachomatisevades immune detection, including well-described methods by whichC. trachomatisdecreases the cell surface expression of the antigen presenting molecules major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, and CD1d in infected genital epithelial cells. We have harnessed new methods that allow for separate evaluation of infected and uninfected cells within a mixed population of chlamydia-infected endocervical epithelial cells to demonstrate that MHC class I downregulation in the presence ofC. trachomatisis mediated by direct and indirect (soluble) factors. Such indirect mechanisms may aid in priming surrounding cells for more rapid immune evasion upon pathogen entry and help promote unfettered spread ofC. trachomatisgenital infections.
Power Spectral Analyses of Index Finger Skin Blood Perfusion in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Authors: Huang Han-Wei , Jou I-Ming , Wang Chien-Kuo , Chen Pei-Yin , Wang Wen-Chi , Lin Chou-Ching K.
Published: May 2011

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of frequency domain analysis on laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) data recorded from the index fingers of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). Patients with numbness of the palm were recruited and grouped according to the results of electrophysiological examinations into 2×2 groups by the existence or nonexistence of CTS and/or DPN. Skin blood perfusion was recorded by LDF in both the neutral position and the maximally flexed position (the Phalen test). -transformation was utilized to decompose the recorded data into frequency bands, and the relative band power and power dispersion were calculated. Analysis of variance was used to test the effects of DPN, CTS, and the Phalen test results. The results showed that (1) DPN decreased the absolute power and the relative power in some frequency bands in both positions and CTS increased the power dispersion of some frequency bands only during the Phalen test and (2) there was no difference in the LDF results between patients with positive or negative Phalen test results.
Giant Cell Tumor of the Pes Anserine Bursa (Extra-Articular Pigmented Villonodular Bursitis): A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Maheshwari Aditya V. , Kumar Dhruv , Malawer Martin M.
Published: June 2011

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign, proliferating disease affecting the synovium of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. Involvement of bursa (PVNB, pigmented villonodular bursitis) is the least common, and only few cases of exclusively extra-articular PVNB of the pes anserinus bursa have been reported so far. We report a case of extra-articular pes anserine PVNB along with a review of the literature. The lesion presented as a painful soft tissue mass in the medial part of the proximal leg. A magnetic resonance imaging showed areas of low to intermediate signals in all sequences and the lesion enhanced heterogeneously with contrast. Diagnosis was confirmed by an incisional biopsy, and an intralesional resection was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient is free of disease with no functional deficit at 2 years followup. As with other rare lesions, clinical and radiographic findings in addition to histological examination are essential for correct diagnosis.
Partial Isometries and EP Elements in Banach Algebras
Authors: Mosić Dijana , Djordjević Dragan S.
Published: June 2011

New characterizations of partial isometries and EP elements in Banach algebra are presented.
On the Neutrix Composition of the Delta and Inverse Hyperbolic Sine Functions
Authors: Fisher Brian , Kılıçman Adem
Published: June 2011

Let F be a distribution in 𝒟′ and let f be a locally summable function. The composition F(f(x)) of F and f is said to exist and be equal to the distribution h(x) if the limit of the sequence {Fn(f(x))} is equal to h(x), where Fn(x) = F(x)*δn(x) for n = 1,2, … and {δn(x)} is a certain regular sequence converging to the Dirac delta function. In the ordinary sense, the composition δ(s)[(sinh −1x+) r] does not exists. In this study, it is proved that the neutrix composition δ(s)[(sinh −1x+) r] exists and is given by , for s = 0,1, 2, … and r = 1,2, …, where cs,k,i = (−1) ss! [(k − 2i + 1) rs−1 + (k − 2i − 1) rs+r−1]/(2(rs + r − 1)!). Further results are also proved.
Incidental Findings on CT Scans in the Emergency Department
Authors: Thompson Ryan J. , Wojcik Susan M. , Grant William D. , Ko Paul Y.
Published: May 2011

Objectives. Incidental findings on computed tomography (CT) scans are common. We sought to examine rates of findings and disclosure among discharged patients who received a CT scan in the ED.Methods. Retrospective chart review (Aug-Oct 2009) of 600 patients age 18 and older discharged home from an urban Level 1 trauma center. CT reports were used to identify incidental findings and discharge paperwork was used to determine whether the patient was informed of these findings.Results. There were 682 CT scans among 600 patients: 199 Abdomen & Pelvis, 405 Head, and 78 Thorax. A total of 348 incidental findings were documented in 228/682 (33.4%) of the scans, of which 34 (9.8%) were reported to patients in discharge paperwork. Patients with 1 incidental finding were less likely to receive disclosure than patients with 2 or more (). Patients age <60 were less likely to have incidental findings (). There was no significant disclosure or incidental finding difference by gender.Conclusions. While previous research suggests that CT incidental findings are often benign, reporting to patients is recommended but this is rarely happening.
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (Hamman-Rich Syndrome) as a Cause of Idiopathic Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Bruminhent Jackrapong , Yassir Shahla , Pippim James
Published: May 2011

Hamman-Rich syndrome, also known as acute interstitial pneumonia, is a rare and fulminant form of idiopathic interstitial lung disease. It should be considered as a cause of idiopathic acute respiratory distress syndrome. Confirmatory diagnosis requires demonstration of diffuse alveolar damage on lung histopathology. The main treatment is supportive care. It is not clear if glucocorticoid therapy is effective in acute interstitial pneumonia. We report the case of a 77-year-old woman without pre-existing lung disease who initially presented with mild upper respiratory tract infection and then progressed to rapid onset of hypoxic respiratory failure similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome with unknown etiology. Despite glucocorticoid therapy, she did not achieve remission and expired after 35 days of hospitalization. The diagnosis of acute interstitial pneumonia was supported by the histopathologic findings on her lung biopsy.
Hybrid Swarm Algorithms for Parameter Identification of an Actuator Model in an Electrical Machine
Authors: Wu Ying , Kiviluoto Sami , Zenger Kai , Gao X. Z. , Huang Xianlin
Published: May 2011

Efficient identification and control algorithms are needed, when active vibration suppression techniques are developed for industrial machines. In the paper a new actuator for reducing rotor vibrations in electrical machines is investigated. Model‐based control is needed in designing the algorithm for voltage input, and therefore proper models for the actuator must be available. In addition to the traditional prediction error method a new knowledge‐based Artificial Fish‐Swarm optimization algorithm (AFA) with crossover, CAFAC, is proposed to identify the parameters in the new model. Then, in order to obtain a fast convergence of the algorithm in the case of a 30 kW two‐pole squirrel cage induction motor, we combine the CAFAC and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to identify parameters of the machine to construct a linear time‐invariant(LTI) state‐space model. Besides that, the prediction error method (PEM) is also employed to identify the induction motor to produce a black box model with correspondence to input‐output measurements.
The Generalization of the Extra Element Theorem for Symbolic Circuit Tolerance Analysis
Authors: Filaretov Vladimir , Gorshkov Konstantin
Published: June 2011

A new method of the symbolic circuit tolerance analysis has been proposed. The approach is based on Middlebrook's extra element theorem and the generalized parameter extraction method. It does not need the matrix network description or presentation as algebraic sets or topological graphs. The proposed techniques have been realized in the computer program (Toleralize). To verify the theoretical analysis, computer simulation results are included.
Oscillation Criteria Based on a New Weighted Function for Linear Matrix Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Guo Yingxin , Wang Junchang
Published: May 2011

By employing a generalized Riccati technique and an integral averaging technique, some new oscillation criteria are established for the second‐order matrix differential system U′ = A(x)U + B(t)V, V′ = C(x)U − A∗(t)V, where A(t), B(t), and C(t) are (n × n)‐matrices, and B, C are Hermitian. These results are sharper than some previous results.
Investigating Effects of Screen Layout Elements on Interface and Screen Design Aesthetics
Authors: Altaboli Ahamed , Lin Yingzi
Published: May 2011

A recent study suggested the use of the screen layout elements of balance, unity, and sequence as a part of a computational model of interface aesthetics. It is argued that these three elements are the most contributed terms in the model. In the current study, a controlled experiment was designed and conducted to systematically investigate effects of these three elements (balance, unity, and sequence) on the perceived interface aesthetics. Results showed that the three elements have significant effects on the perceived interface aesthetics. Significant interactions were also found among the three elements. A regression model relating the perceived visual aesthetics to the three elements was constructed. When validating the model using standard questionnaire scores of real web pages, high correlations were found between the values computed by the model and scores of questionnaire items related to visual layout of the web pages, indicating that layout-based measures are good at assessing the classical dimension of website aesthetics.
Loss of H2A.Z Is Not Sufficient to Determine Transcriptional Activity of Snf2-Related CBP Activator Protein or p400 Complexes
Authors: Bowman Tamara A. , Wong Madeline M. , Cox Linda K. , Baldassare Joseph J. , Chrivia John C.
Published: May 2011

The p400 and SRCAP (Snf2-related CBP activator protein) complexes remodel chromatin by catalyzing deposition of histone H2A.Z into nucleosomes. This remodeling activity has been proposed as a basis for regulation of transcription by these complexes. Transcript levels ofp21orSp1mRNAs after knockdown of p400 or SRCAP reveals that each regulates transcription of these promoters differently. In this study, we asked whether deposition of H2A.Z within specific nucleosomes by p400 or SRCAP dictates transcriptional activity. Our data indicates that nucleosome density at specificp21orSp1promoter positions is not altered by the loss of either remodeling complex. However, knockdown of SRCAP or p400 reduces deposition of H2A.Z∼50% into allp21andSp1promoter nucleosomes. Thus, H2A.Z deposition is not targeted to specific nucleosomes. These results indicate that the deposition of H2A.Z by the p400 or SRCAP complexes is not sufficient to determine how each regulates transcription. This conclusion is further supported by studies that demonstrate a SRCAPΔATPmutant unable to deposit H2A.Z has similar transcriptional activity as wild-type SRCAP.
Collective Coordination of High‐Order Dynamic Multiagent Systems Guided by Multiple Leaders
Authors: Feng Xin-Lei , Huang Ting-Zhu , Shao Jin-Liang
Published: June 2011

For second‐order and high‐order dynamic multiagent systems with multiple leaders, the coordination schemes that all the follower agents flock to the polytope region formed by multiple leaders are considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions which the follower agents can enter the polytope region by the leaders are obtained. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate our theoretical results.
Induction and Flow Cytometry Identification of Tetraploids from Seed‐Derived Explants through Colchicine Treatments in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Authors: Xing Shi-Hai , Guo Xin-Bo , Wang Quan , Pan Qi-Fang , Tian Yue-Sheng , Liu Pin , Zhao Jing-Ya , Wang Guo-Feng , Sun Xiao-Fen , Tang Ke-Xuan
Published: May 2011

The tetraploid plants of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don was obtained by colchicine induction from seeds explants, and the ploidy of the plants was identified by flow cytometry. The optimal treatment is 0.2% colchicine solution treated for 24 hours, and the induction rate reaches up to 30%. Comparing with morphological characteristics and growth habits between tetraploids and the control, we found that tetraploids of C. roseus had larger stoma and more branches and leaves. HPLC analysis showed tetraploidization could increase the contents of terpenoid indole alkaloids in C. roseus. Thus, tetraploidization could be used to produce higher alkaloids lines for commercial use. QRT‐PCR results showed that the expression of enzymes involved in terpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthesis pathway had increased in the tetraploid plants. To our knowledge, this was the first paper to explore the secondary metabolism in autotetraploid C. roseus induced by colchicine.
Division Problem of a Regular Form: The Case x2u = λxv
Authors: Mejri M.
Published: May 2011

We present a systematic study of a regular linear functional
v to find all regular forms u which satisfy the equation
x2u = λxv, λ ∈ ℂ − {0}. We also give the second‐order recurrence relation of
the orthogonal polynomial sequence with respect to u and study the semiclassical
character of the found families. We conclude by treating some
examples.
Difference Spectroscopy in the Analysis of the Effects of Coffee Cherry Processing Variables on the Flavor of Brewed Coffee
Authors: Lyman Donald J. , Benck Robert M. , Merle Scott F.
Published: May 2011

Infrared difference spectroscopy was used to study how changes in the processing of Arabica coffee cherries into green beans affected the flavor of coffee brewed from roasted green beans. Paired samples of green beans, in which the drying step or fermentation/washing step in their processing was altered, were roasted and brewed in a standard manner and their ATR‐FT‐IR spectra obtained. Difference spectra of the 1800 to 1680 cm−1 carbonyl region of water‐subtracted spectra of paired samples of these brewed coffees provided data which indicated differences in brewed coffee flavor due to changes in fermentation/washing steps and drying steps involved in the processing of coffee cherries. The role of acid, ketone, aldehyde, ester, lactone, and vinyl ester carbonyl components on the flavor of brewed coffee is proposed that is consistent with the flavors as perceived by the coffee tasters.
A Selective Chemosensor for Mercuric Ions Based on 4-Aminothiophenol-Ruthenium(II) Bis(bipyridine) Complex
Authors: Al Abdel Hamid Amer A. G. , Al-Khateeb Mohammad , Tahat Ziyad A. , Qudah Mahmoud , Obeidat Safwan M. , Rawashdeh Abdel Monem
Published: May 2011

A new ruthenium(II) complex (cis-ruthenium-bis[2,2′-bipyridine]-bis[4-aminothiophenol]-bis[hexafluorophosphate]) has been synthesized and characterized using standard analytical and spectroscopic techniques, FTIR, 1H and 13C-NMR, UV/vis, elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, and potentiometric titration. Investigation of the synthesized complex with metal ions showed that this complex has photochemical properties that are selective and sensitive toward the presence of mercuric ion in aqueous solution. The detection limit for mercuric ions using UV/vis spectroscopy was estimated to be ~ 0.4 ppm. The results presented herein may have an important implication in the development of a spectroscopic selective detection for mercuric ions in aqueous solution.
Positive Fluid Balance Is Associated with Higher Mortality and Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Flori Heidi R. , Church Gwynne , Liu Kathleen D. , Gildengorin Ginny , Matthay Michael A.
Published: May 2011

Introduction. We analyzed a database of 320 pediatric patients with acute lung injury (ALI), to test the hypothesis that positive fluid balance is associated with worse clinical outcomes in children with ALI.Methods. This is a post-hoc analysis of previously collected data. Cumulative fluid balance was analyzed in ml per kilogram per day for the first 72 hours after ALI while in the PICU. The primary outcome was mortality; the secondary outcome was ventilator-free days.Results. Positive fluid balance (in increments of 10 mL/kg/24 h) was associated with a significant increase in both mortality and prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, independent of the presence of multiple organ system failure and the extent of oxygenation defect. These relationships remained unchanged when the subgroup of patients with septic shock (n=39) were excluded.Conclusions. Persistently positive fluid balance may be deleterious to pediatric patients with ALI. A confirmatory, prospective randomized controlled trial of fluid management in pediatric patients with ALI is warranted.
Paternal Smoking and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Ruiling , Zhang Luoping , McHale Cliona M. , Hammond S. Katharine
Published: May 2011

Objective. To investigate the association between paternal smoking and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Method. We identified 18 published epidemiologic studies that reported data on both paternal smoking and childhood ALL risk. We performed a meta-analysis and analyzed dose-response relationships on ALL risk for smoking during preconception, during pregnancy, after birth, and ever smoking.Results. The summary odds ratio (OR) of childhood ALL associated with paternal smoking was 1.11 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.05–1.18,I2=18%) during any time period, 1.25 (95% CI: 1.08–1.46,I2=53%) preconception; 1.24 (95% CI: 1.07–1.43,I2=54%) during pregnancy, and 1.24 (95% CI: 0.96–1.60,I2=64%) after birth, with a dose-response relationship between childhood ALL and paternal smoking preconception or after birth.Conclusion. The evidence supports a positive association between childhood ALL and paternal ever smoking and at each exposure time period examined. Future epidemiologic studies should assess paternal smoking during well-defined exposure windows and should include biomarkers to assess smoking exposure and toxicological mechanisms.
Medical Cost Trajectories and Onsets of Cancer and NonCancer Diseases in US Elderly Population
Authors: Akushevich Igor , Kravchenko Julia , Akushevich Lucy , Ukraintseva Svetlana , Arbeev Konstantin , Yashin Anatoliy I.
Published: June 2011

Time trajectories of medical costs‐associated with onset of twelve aging‐related cancer and chronic noncancer diseases were analyzed using the National Long‐Term Care Survey data linked to Medicare Service Use files. A special procedure for selecting individuals with onset of each disease was developed and used for identification of the date at disease onset. Medical cost trajectories were found to be represented by a parametric model with four easily interpretable parameters reflecting: (i) prediagnosis cost (associated with initial comorbidity), (ii) cost of the disease onset, (iii) population recovery representing reduction of the medical expenses associated with a disease since diagnosis was made, and (iv) acquired comorbidity representing the difference between post‐ and pre diagnosis medical cost levels. These parameters were evaluated for the entire US population as well as for the subpopulation conditional on age, disability and comorbidity states, and survival (2.5 years after the date of onset). The developed approach results in a family of new forecasting models with covariates.
Liver Metabolic Alterations and Changes in Host Intercompartmental Metabolic Correlation during Progression of Malaria
Authors: Sengupta Arjun , Basant Angika , Ghosh Soumita , Sharma Shobhona , Sonawat Haripalsingh M.
Published: May 2011

1H NMR-based metabonomics was used to investigate the multimodal response of mice to malarial parasite infection byP. bergheiANKA. Liver metabolism was followed by NMR spectroscopy through the course of the disease in both male and female mice. Our results showed alterations in the level of several metabolites as a result of the infection. Metabolites like kynurenic acid, alanine, carnitine, andβ-alanine showed significant alteration in the liver, suggesting altered kynurenic acid, glucose, fatty acid and amino acid pathways. Distinct sexual dimorphism was also observed in the global analysis of the liver metabolic profiles. Multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) was carried out on the liver, brain, and serum metabolic profile in order to explore the correlation of liver and brain metabolic profile to the metabolite profile of serum. Changes in such correlation profile also indicated distinct sexual dimorphism at the early stage of the disease. Indications are that the females are able to regulate their metabolism in the liver in such a way to maintain homeostasis in the blood. In males, however, choline in liver showed anticorrelation to choline content of serum indicating a higher phospholipid degradation process. The brain-serum correlation profile showed an altered energy metabolism in both the sexes. The differential organellar responses during disease progression have implications in malaria management.
Effect of Processing Parameters on Performance of Spray-Deposited Organic Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Owen Jack W. , Azarova Natalia A. , Loth Marsha A. , Paradinas Markos , Coll Mariona , Ocal Carmen , Anthony John E. , Jurchescu Oana D.
Published: May 2011

The performance of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is often strongly dependent on the fabrication procedure. In this study, we fabricate OTFTs of soluble small-molecule organic semiconductors by spray-deposition and explore the effect of processing parameters on film morphology and device mobility. In particular, we report on the effect of the nature of solvent, the pressure of the carrier gas used in deposition, and the spraying distance. We investigate the surface morphology using scanning force microscopy and show that the molecules pack along theπ-stacking direction, which is the preferred charge transport direction. Our results demonstrate that we can tune the field-effect mobility of spray-deposited devices two orders of magnitude, from 10−3 cm2/Vs to 10−1 cm2/Vs, by controlling fabrication parameters.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Onyx Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Tawil Isaac , Carlson Andrew P. , Taylor Christopher L.
Published: June 2011

Purpose. We report a case of a 60-year-old male who underwent sequential Onyx embolizations of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) which we implicate as the most likely etiology of subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods. Case report and literature review.Results. Shortly after the second Onyx embolization procedure, the patient declined from respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary edema. Clinical entities typically responsible for pulmonary edema including cardiac failure, renal failure, iatrogenic volume overload, negative-pressure pulmonary edema, and infectious etiologies were evaluated and excluded. The patient required mechanical ventilatory support for several days, delaying operative resection. The patient met clinical and radiographic criteria for ARDS. After excluding other etiologies of ARDS, we postulate that ARDS developed as a result of Onyx administration. The Onyx copolymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a solvent excreted through the lungs and has been implicated in transient pulmonary side effects. Additionally, a direct toxic effect of the Onyx copolymer is postulated.Conclusion. Onyx embolization and DMSO toxicity are implicated as the etiology of ARDS given the lack of other inciting factors and the close temporal relationship. A strong physiologic rationale provides further support. Clinicians should consider this uncommon but important complication.
Martensitic Twinning in Alpha + Beta Ti-3.5Al-4.5Mo Titanium Alloy
Authors: Li Changfu , Li Geping , Yang Yi , Varlioglu Mesut , Yang Ke
Published: June 2011

The twinning structure of the orthorhombic
martensite phase in alpha + beta Ti-3.5Al-4.5Mo (wt%) titanium alloy was studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy by water quenching from below transus temperatures. While water quenching from 910 induced the formation of twins, quenching from 840 formed the
martensite with type I twins. The effect of the principle strains on the twinning structure was discussed. As compared to the previous studies, the principle strains play an important role in the formation of the twinning type.
Skull Base Osteomyelitis in the Emergency Department: A Case Report
Authors: Sayhan Mustafa Burak , Kavalci Cemil , Sogüt Ozgur , Sezenler Eylem
Published: May 2011

Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is a rare clinical presentation and usually occurs as a complication of trauma or sinusitis. A 5-year-old child presented to the emergency department with a three-week history of fever associated with drowsiness and left parietal headache, and a week's history of swelling on the left frontoparietal soft tissue. He had suffered a penetrating scalp injury four month ago. On physical examination, there was a tender swelling with purulent stream on the lateral half of his scalp. His vital signs are within normal limits. Plain X-ray of the skull showed a lytic lesion on the left frontoparietal bone. A cranial computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a large subgaleal abscess at the left frontoparietal region. SBO possesses a high morbidity and mortality; therefore, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are mandatory to prevent further complications and to reduce morbidity and mortality significantly.
Advantages of Shear Wave Seismic in Morrow Sandstone Detection
Authors: Singh Paritosh , Davis Thomas
Published: May 2011

The Upper Morrow sandstones in the western Anadarko Basin have been prolific oil producers for more than five decades. Detection of Morrow sandstones is a major problem in the exploration of new fields and the characterization of existing fields because they are often very thin and laterally discontinuous. Until recently compressional wave data have been the primary resource for mapping the lateral extent of Morrow sandstones. The success with compressional wave datasets is limited because the acoustic impedance contrast between the reservoir sandstones and the encasing shales is small. Here, we have performed full waveform modeling study to understand the Morrow sandstone signatures on compressional wave (P-wave), converted-wave (PS-wave) and pure shear wave (S-wave) gathers. The contrast in rigidity between the Morrow sandstone and surrounding shale causes a strong seismic expression on the S-wave data. Morrow sandstone shows a distinct high amplitude event in pure S-wave modeled gathers as compared to the weaker P- and PS-wave events. Modeling also helps in understanding the adverse effect of interbed multiples (due to shallow high velocity anhydrite layers) and side lobe interference effects at the Morrow level. Modeling tied with the field data demonstrates that S-waves are more robust than P-waves in detecting the Morrow sandstone reservoirs.
Prospective Case Study on Characterization of Colorectal Adenomas Comparing AFI with NBI
Authors: Suzuki Haruhisa , Saito Yutaka , Matsuda Takahisa , Nakajima Takeshi , Kikuchi Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2011

Aim. Compare the characterization ability of AFI and NBI for colorectal adenomas. Methods. We prospectively enrolled 58 patients with 89 colorectal adenomas detected by white light colonoscopy. Such lesions were subsequently observed with both AFI and NBI and then treated by endoscopic resection. With respect to the 89 lesions, 3 experienced endoscopists retrospectively evaluated the visualization quality of the AFI and NBI images in a blind manner using a three-tier scale based on excellent, fair, and poor criteria. Results. There were 54, 31, and 4 lesions considered as excellent, fair, and poor visualization, respectively, using AFI in comparison to 53, 19, and 17 lesions, respectively, with NBI. The percentage of excellent and fair visualization lesions was 95.5% with AFI and 80.9% with NBI (P<.01). Conclusion. This study indicated that AFI may be more effective for the characterization of colorectal adenomas because of better visualization of such lesions compared to NBI.
Heterogeneity Maintenance in Glioblastoma: A Social Network
Authors: Bonavia Rudy , Inda Maria-del-Mar , Cavenee Webster K. , Furnari Frank B.
Published: June 2011

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common intracranial tumor in adults, is characterized by extensive heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels. This insidious feature arises inevitably in almost all cancers and has great significance for the general outcome of the malignancy, because it confounds our understanding of the disease and also intrinsically contributes to the tumor's aggressiveness and poses an obstacle to the design of effective therapies. The classic view that heterogeneity arises as the result of a tumor's “genetic chaos” and the more contemporary cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis tend to identify a single cell population as the therapeutic target: the prevailing clone over time in the first case and the CSC in the latter. However, there is growing evidence that the different tumor cell populations may not be simple bystanders. Rather, they can establish a complex network of interactions between each other and with the tumor microenvironment that eventually strengthens tumor growth and increases chances to escape therapy. These differing but complementary ideas about the origin and maintenance of tumor heterogeneity and its importance in GBM are reviewed here. Cancer Res; 71(12); 4055–60. ©2011 AACR.
Quality of Life in Medically Ill Persons with Comorbid Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Baumeister Harald , Hutter Nico , Bengel Jürgen , Härter Martin
Published: June 2011

Background: This systematic review aims to investigate the association between comorbid mental disorders and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic medical diseases. Methods: Studies investigating adults with diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, asthma, chronic back pain and colorectal cancer were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological criteria. Effect sizes for QoL scores were analyzed in random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: The database search identified 7,291 references and 65 primary studies were included. Medically ill persons with comorbid mental disorders showed a significantly decreased overall (d = –1.10; 95% CI = –1.34 to –0.86), physical (d = –0.64; 95% CI = –0.74 to –0.53) and psychosocial (d = –1.18; 95% CI = –1.42 to –0.95) QoL compared to persons without mental disorders. Subgroup analyses did not reveal significant differences between the examined medical diseases or mental disorders. Conclusion: The review provides evidence of a substantially reduced psychosocial and physical QoL in medically ill patients with comorbid mental disorders. This patient-reported outcome highlights the importance of recognizing and treating comorbid mental disorders in the medically ill.